Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Enterprise Evolution and Evolution Capability Appraise

In the paper, we analyzed the meaning of corporation evolution, as a kind of exoteric complex adaptability system, the corporation evolved toward the higher level followed stated rule in the course of adaptation to change of outside environment. We can scale the corporation evolution using the ability of corporation evolution, and established the index system valued the ability of corporation evolution from the system structure of corporation, included corporation structure, ability and culture. We evaluated some corporation's evolution ability using the fuzz math synthesis method
Overstimulation of NMDA Receptors Impairs Early Brain Development in vivo

Background Brains of patients with schizophrenia show both neurodevelopmental and functional deficits that suggest aberrant glutamate neurotransmission. Evidence from both genetic and pharmacological studies suggests that glutamatergic dysfunction, particularly with involvement of NMDARs, plays a critical role in the pathophysiology of schizophrenia. However, how prenatal disturbance of NMDARs leads to schizophrenia-associated developmental defects is largely unknown. Methodology/Principal Findings Glutamate transporter GLAST/GLT1 double-knockout (DKO) mice carrying the NMDA receptor 1 subunit (NR1)-null mutation were generated. Bouin-fixed and paraffin-embedded embryonic day 16.5 coronal brain sections were stained with hematoxylin, anti-microtubule-associated protein 2 (MAP2), and anti-L1 antibodies to visualize cortical, hippocampal, and olfactory bulb laminar structure, subplate neurons, and axonal projections. NR1 deletion in DKO mice almost completely rescued multiple brain defects including cortical, hippocampal, and olfactory bulb disorganization and defective corticothalamic and thalamocortical axonal projections. Conclusions/Significance Excess glutamatergic signaling in the prenatal stage compromises early brain development via overstimulation of NMDARs.
Syntax in der Maschinellen Sprachverarbeitung

Dieser Beitrag gibt eine Einführung in Fragestellung und Methodik der Syntaxforschung in der maschinellen Sprachverarbeitung. Neben der Zielsetzung, mithilfe einer Syntax die wohlgeformten Sätze einer Sprache zu beschreiben, wird die Problematik der Robustheit von syntaktischen Komponenten angesprochen. Im zweiten Teil des Aufsatzes wird ein kurzer Überblick über neuere Ansätze in der Syntaxforschung gegeben, wobei die Vorund Nachteile von höheren, deklarativen Grammatikformalismen skizziert werden. Anhand eines kleinen Beispiels wird die Verwendung von unifikationsbasierten Formalismen illustriert. Im letzten Abschnitt diskutieren wir kurz die Möglichkeiten des Einsatzes von Syntaxkomponenten für verschiedene Anwendungsbereiche.
LADS: Large-scale Automated DDoS Detection System

Many Denial of Service attacks use brute-force bandwidth flooding of intended victims. Such volume-based attacks aggregate at a target's access router, suggesting that (i) detection and mitigation are best done by providers in their networks; and (ii) attacks are most readily detectable at access routers, where their impact is strongest. In-network detection presents a tension between scalability and accuracy. Specifically, accuracy of detection dictates fine grained traffic monitoring, but performing such monitoring for the tens or hundreds of thousands of access interfaces in a large provider network presents serious scalability issues. We investigate the design space for in-network DDoS detection and propose a triggered, multi-stage approach that addresses both scalability and accuracy. Our contribution is the design and implementation of LADS (Large-scale Automated DDoS detection System). The attractiveness of this system lies in the fact that it makes use of data that is readily available to an ISP, namely, SNMP and Netflow feeds from routers, without dependence on proprietary hardware solutions. We report our experiences using LADS to detect DDoS attacks in a tier-1 ISP.
Cell-Autonomous Progeroid Changes in Conditional Mouse Models for Repair Endonuclease XPG Deficiency

As part of the Nucleotide Excision Repair (NER) process, the endonuclease XPG is involved in repair of helix-distorting DNA lesions, but the protein has also been implicated in several other DNA repair systems, complicating genotype-phenotype relationship in XPG patients. Defects in XPG can cause either the cancer-prone condition xeroderma pigmentosum (XP) alone, or XP combined with the severe neurodevelopmental disorder Cockayne Syndrome (CS), or the infantile lethal cerebro-oculo-facio-skeletal (COFS) syndrome, characterized by dramatic growth failure, progressive neurodevelopmental abnormalities and greatly reduced life expectancy. Here, we present a novel (conditional) Xpg−/− mouse model which -in a C57BL6/FVB F1 hybrid genetic background- displays many progeroid features, including cessation of growth, loss of subcutaneous fat, kyphosis, osteoporosis, retinal photoreceptor loss, liver aging, extensive neurodegeneration, and a short lifespan of 4–5 months. We show that deletion of XPG specifically in the liver reproduces the progeroid features in the liver, yet abolishes the effect on growth or lifespan. In addition, specific XPG deletion in neurons and glia of the forebrain creates a progressive neurodegenerative phenotype that shows many characteristics of human XPG deficiency. Our findings therefore exclude that both the liver as well as the neurological phenotype are a secondary consequence of derailment in other cell types, organs or tissues (e.g. vascular abnormalities) and support a cell-autonomous origin caused by the DNA repair defect itself. In addition they allow the dissection of the complex aging process in tissue- and cell-type-specific components. Moreover, our data highlight the critical importance of genetic background in mouse aging studies, establish the Xpg−/− mouse as a valid model for the severe form of human XPG patients and segmental accelerated aging, and strengthen the link between DNA damage and aging.
Analysis of rotary transformer concepts for high-speed applications

In many applications electrical energy has to be transferred to rotating parts. Usually a cylindrical transformer with a rotating and a stationary part is used, which are separated by a small air gap. In order to achieve a high magnetic coupling, on both parts a highly permeable core material is employed. In high-speed applications the diameter of the rotary transformer should be small since the mechanical stresses can be high. Therefore, a high electrical frequency has to be selected. This high switching frequency would result in high core losses; ferrite would be the best suited material. However, ferrite is brittle and has a limited mechanical strength. Therefore, in this paper two concepts of rotary transformers are analyzed, where no core material is used on the rotating part. The major advantage of these concepts is a simple and mechanically robust design with a lightweight construction resulting in very small unbalanced mass.
Assessment of the Impact of a Sports Kit on Physical Activity in Children 8 to 11 Years of Age

Objective: Fewer than 10% of French children meet the WHO recommendations for physical activity (PA). As engaging in play activities is a key way to promote PA in children, we evaluated the effect of a sports kit called “Le Sport Ca Me Dit” (“Sport is fun”) that provides a recreational way to engage in sports. Design: This was an open longitudinal controlled study. The children were divided into two groups for the first 7 weeks (Period 1): an Action group that used the kit for two recreational sessions per week (comprising six different activities) and a Control group that was not provided use of the kit. For the next 7 weeks (Period 2), neither group was provided use of the kit. Setting: Six towns in northern France. Subjects: 213 children aged 8-11 were recruited: 122 for the Control group and 91 for the Action group. Each child received a 3D accelerometer wristband to measure their level of PA during the 14 weeks of the study. In parallel, the children completed a questionnaire, 3 times (before (T0), during (T1) and at the end of the study (T2)), regarding their PA habits, screen time, and sleep habits. Results: A significant increase in the steps number was observed when the sports kit was used (p=0.025); although this effect was lost over time (p=0.672). Subpopulation analysis revealed a significant increase in the steps number and light PA in overweight children in the Action group for both periods (p=0.018 and p=0.012). Conclusion: The use of the sports kit increased the PA level of the children, and particularly in overweight children. Although these results require further investigation, they provide novel insights in regard to overweight children.
A Co-Operative Intrusion Detection System in Mobile Ad-Hoc Network

ad-hoc networking has become an exciting and important technology in recent year because of the rapid proliferation of wireless devices. The security of data becomes more important with the increased use of commercial application over wireless network environments; there were several problems of security in wireless networks due to different types of attack and intruders. There were better methods an intruding handling procedure available for fixed networks. But it was difficult to analyze attacks in the mobile ad-hoc environments. The reason is that there is no central point to control all the activities in the network and dynamically changing network topology and behavior and limited power level of mobile devices. Attacks by intruders cause unauthorized use of wireless network so that the whole network will be suffered from packet loses. We are introducing three types of internal attack named as Node isolation, route disruption, Resource consumption; we presented an approach to handle such type of internal attacks for wireless network. We report our progress in developing intrusion detection capabilities for MANET. The proposed work can be performed by modifying ad-hoc on demand distance vector routing protocol. The simulation experiments are conducted on NS-2 environment in Linux platform.
Protein Pharmacophore Selection Using Hydration-Site Analysis

Virtual screening using pharmacophore models is an efficient method to identify potential lead compounds for target proteins. Pharmacophore models based on protein structures are advantageous because a priori knowledge of active ligands is not required and the models are not biased by the chemical space of previously identified actives. However, in order to capture most potential interactions between all potentially binding ligands and the protein, the size of the pharmacophore model, i.e. number of pharmacophore elements, is typically quite large and therefore reduces the efficiency of pharmacophore based screening. We have developed a new method to select important pharmacophore elements using hydration-site information. The basic premise is that ligand functional groups that replace water molecules in the apo protein contribute strongly to the overall binding affinity of the ligand, due to the additional free energy gained from releasing the water molecule into the bulk solvent. We computed the free energy of water released from the binding site for each hydration site using thermodynamic analysis of molecular dynamics (MD) simulations. Pharmacophores which are colocalized with hydration sites with estimated favorable contributions to the free energy of binding are selected to generate a reduced pharmacophore model. We constructed reduced pharmacophore models for three protein systems and demonstrated good enrichment quality combined with high efficiency. The reduction in pharmacophore model size reduces the required screening time by a factor of 200-500 compared to using all protein pharmacophore elements. We also describe a training process using a small set of known actives to reliably select the optimal set of criteria for pharmacophore selection for each protein system.
Towards Multidimensional Radiotherapy: Key Challenges for Treatment Individualisation

Functional and molecular imaging of tumours have offered the possibility of redefining the target in cancer therapy and individualising the treatment with a multidimensional approach that aims to target the adverse processes known to impact negatively upon treatment result. Following the first theoretical attempts to include imaging information into treatment planning, it became clear that the biological features of interest for targeting exhibit considerable heterogeneity with respect to magnitude, spatial, and temporal distribution, both within one patient and between patients, which require more advanced solutions for the way the treatment is planned and adapted. Combining multiparameter information from imaging with predictive information from biopsies and molecular analyses as well as in treatment monitoring of tumour responsiveness appears to be the key approach to maximise the individualisation of treatment. This review paper aims to discuss some of the key challenges for incorporating into treatment planning and optimisation the radiobiological features of the tumour derived from pretreatment PET imaging of tumour metabolism, proliferation, and hypoxia and combining them with intreatment monitoring of responsiveness and other predictive factors with the ultimate aim of individualising the treatment towards the maximisation of response.
Estimating distributed anatomical connectivity using fast marching methods and diffusion tensor imaging

A method is presented for determining paths of anatomical connection between regions of the brain using magnetic resonance diffusion tensor information. Level set theory, applied using fast marching methods, is used to generate three-dimensional time of arrival maps, from which connection paths between brain regions may be identified. The method is demonstrated in the normal brain and it is shown that major white matter tracts may be elucidated and that multiple connections and tract branching are allowed. Maps of connectivity between brain regions are also determined. Four options are described for estimating the degree of connectivity between regions.
Technology-Mediated Learning Systems For Project Work

Project-based ways of organizing are characterized by temporary structures, idiosyncratic work arrangements and non-routine, creative tasks. As such, projects hold great promise for learning and knowledge creation at the level of the individual participant, but their transient nature offers little sup- port for the sedimentation of such learning within the organizational fabric. Project-based organizations therefore face a number of learning challenges. To address these challenges through the use of technology, this paper devel- ops a design theory for technology-mediated learning systems that support learning processes in project-based organizations. Two organizations partici- pated in our 30-month action research effort, which involved the generation of three design principles, the development of two design concepts, and the implementations of three prototypes and their empirical assessments. The design principles were derived from a kernel theory informed by theories of learning and distributed cognition.
Intensity perception. XIII. Perceptual anchor model of context-coding.

In our preliminary theory of intensity resolution [e.g., see N. I. Durlach and L. D. Braida, J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 46, 372-383 (1969)], two modes of memory operation are postulated: the trace mode and the context-coding mode. In this paper, we present a revised model of the context-coding mode which describes explicitly a process by which sensations are coded relative to the context and which predicts a resolution edge effect [L. D. Braida and N. I. Durlach, J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 51, 483-502 (1972); J. E. Berliner, L. D. Braida, and N. I. Durlach, J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 61, 1256-1267 (1977)]. The sensation arising from a given stimulus presentation is coded by determining its distance from internal references or perceptual anchors. The noise in this process, combined with the sensation noise, constitutes the limitation on resolution in the model. In the revised model the probability density functions of the decision variable are not precisely Gaussian (and cannot be expressed analytically in closed form). This paper outlines the predictions of the model for one-interval paradigms and for fixed-level two-interval paradigms and derives estimates of the values of model parameters.
STAT3 transcriptional factor activated by reactive oxygen species induces IL6 in starvation-induced autophagy of cancer cells

Autophagy is one of the survival processes of cancer cells, especially in stressful conditions such as starvation, hypoxia and chemotherapeutic agents. However, its roles in tumor survival have not yet been fully elucidated. Here, we found for the first time that JAK2/STAT3 was activated in HeLa cells when they were starved or treated with rapamycin. STAT3 activation was associated with autophagic processes, because it was completely inhibited by 3-methyladenine, partially inhibited by knockdown of molecules associated with autophagic processes and blocked by antioxidants, DPI, a Nox inhibitor and knockdown of p22 phox, indicating that ROS generated by Nox that was activated during autophagic processes activated JAK2/STAT3 pathway. Activated STAT3 directly bound to IL6 promoter and increased IL6 mRNA and protein secretion. Finally, the conditioned media, which included IL6, from starved HeLa cells promoted cancer cell survival in both normal and starved conditions, confirmed by clonogenic, proliferation and cell death assays. These data together indicate that the autophagic process in cancer cells can contribute to their survival by JAk2/STAT3 activation and subsequent secretion of growth factors.
Judging the Performance of Cascading Models : A First Look

This paper explores different methods for interpreting the results of multiple, cascading machine learners, each of which performs a different task. For instance, the first learner may classify news as “sports,” the second learner may extract the people from the sports articles, and the third learner may classify the extracted people as belonging to a certain team. We present a framework for modeling such cascading learners as a directed acyclic graph, which allows us to construct three-way contingency tables on which we can perform various independence tests. These independence tests provide insight into how the various learners’ performance depend on their predecessor in the chain and/or the inputs themselves.
CDNs for Personal Broadcasting and Individualized Reception

By putting the tools for media creation in the hands of the consumer, we anticipate exponential growth in the distribution and hosting of media on the Internet. We expect this growth to parallel that of HTTP traffic. We need to confront the issues related to this growth in the number of media sources and services. Significantly higher quality streaming and context-sensitive personalization of multimedia services will be key enablers of this whole technology area. Our vision differs from the delivery of videoon-demand services because we believe that there will be a vast number of sources of copyleft content. 1 In this paper we focus on the distributed discovery of content and the concurrent, context-aware manipulation of multiple media streams.
Design and Demonstration of Highly Miniaturized, Low Cost Panel Level Glass Package for MEMS Sensors

This paper describes an ultra-thin, low cost 3D glass sensor packaging platform for near-hermeticity with novel feedthrough and encapsulation technologies. Glass panels of thicknesses ranging from 50 µm to 300 µm are used which limits overall form factor to 10 MPa) and Dow Chemical's Benzocyclobutene (BCB) 14-P005 is found to be the best candidate for panel level glass-glass bonding. Modelling of the proposed three-layer glass packaging platform was performed in COMSOL Multiphysics. Results show a maximum deformation of about 2.3 µm - 2.5 µm in the BCB and GX-92 bonded package and the least average internal stress of 6.40 MPa in the BCB bonded package. The complete manufacturing cycle starting from cavity formation on bare glass to final 3D assembly to form the lidded/open cavity package including singulation is panel based, enabling significant cost reduction (depending on die dimensions and panel size) compared to ceramic and other substrate technologies.
An ultra-thin polarization independent metamaterial absorber for triple band applications

This paper presents an ultra-thin polarization independent metamaterial microwave absorber comprising of three concentric closed ring resonators (CRR). The unit cell sizes as well as the other geometrical dimensions like radii and widths of the rings are optimized so that absorptions take place at three distinct frequencies near to the middle of the FCC radar frequency spectrum. The proposed structure shows absorptivities of 94.1%, 99.6% and 99.4% at 5.5 GHz, 9.52 GHz and 13.8 GHz respectively. The proposed structure has been studied under oblique incidence, both for TE and TM polarization where it behaves as absorber upto 60 ° incident angles in both the cases. Due to the geometrical symmetry, the structure is found to be polarization independent absorber.
Clinical Study Efficacy and Tolerability of Intramuscular Dexketoprofen in Postoperative Pain Management following Hernia Repair Surgery

Objective. To evaluate the safety and efficacy of intramuscular dexketoprofen for postoperative pain in patients undergoing hernia surgery. Methodology. Total 202 patients received single intramuscular injection of dexketoprofen 50 mg or diclofenac 50 mg postoperatively. The pain intensity (PI) was self-evaluated by patients on VAS at baseline, 1, 2, 4, 6, and 8 hours. The efficacy parameters were number of responders, difference in PI (PID) at 8 hours, sum of analogue of pain intensity differences (SAPID), and onset and duration of analgesia. Tolerability assessment was done by global evaluation and adverse events in each group. Results. Dexketoprofen showed superior efficacy in terms of number of responders (P = .007), PID at 8 hours (P = .02), and SAPID 0–8 hours (P < .0001). It also showed faster onset of action (42 minutes) and longer duration of action (6.5 hours). The adverse events were comparable in both groups. Conclusion. Single dose of dexketoprofen trometamol 50 mg given intramuscularly provided faster, better, and longer duration of analgesia in postoperative patients of hernia repair surgery than diclofenac 50 mg, with comparable safety.
Epitaxial Graphene and Graphene–Based Devices Studied by Electrical Scanning Probe Microscopy

We present local electrical characterization of epitaxial graphene grown on both Si- and C-faces of 4H-SiC using Electrostatic Force Microscopy and Kelvin Probe Force Microscopy in ambient conditions and at elevated temperatures. These techniques provide a straightforward identification of graphene domains with various thicknesses on the substrate where topographical determination is hindered by adsorbates and SiC terraces. We also use Electrostatic Force Spectroscopy which allows quantitative surface potential measurements with high spatial resolution. Using these techniques, we study evolution of a layer of atmospheric water as a function of temperature, which is accompanied by a significant change of the absolute surface potential difference. We show that the nanoscale wettability of the material is strongly dependent on the number of graphene layers, where hydrophobicity increases with graphene thickness. We also use micron-sized graphene Hall bars with gold electrodes to calibrate work function of the electrically conductive probe and precisely and quantitatively define the work functions for single- and double-layer graphene.