Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Model Atmosphere Analysis of the Weakly Magnetic DZ White Dwarf G165-7

A reanalysis of the strongly metal-blanketed DZ white dwarf G165-7 is presented. An improved grid of model atmospheres and synthetic spectra is used to analyze BVRI, JHK, and ugriz photometric observations as well as a high-quality Sloan Digital Sky Survey spectrum covering the energy distribution from 3600 to 9000 Å. The detection of splitting in several lines of Ca, Na, and Fe, suggesting a magnetic field of Bs ~ 650 kG, is confirmed by spectropolarimetric observations that reveal as much as ±7.5% circular polarization in many of the absorption lines, most notably Na, Mg, and Fe. Our combined photometric and spectroscopic fit yields Teff = 6440 K, log g = 7.99, log(H/He) = -3.0, and log(Ca/He) = -8.1. The other heavy elements have solar ratios with respect to Ca, with the exception of Na and Cr, which had to be reduced by a factor of 2 and 3, respectively. A crude polarization model based on the observed local spectral flux gradient yields a longitudinal field of 165 kG, consistent with the mean surface field inferred from the Zeeman splitting. The inclusion of this weak magnetic field in our synthetic spectrum calculations, even in an approximate fashion, is shown to improve our fit significantly.
Environmental context determines pollution impacts on ecosystem functioning

Global change assessments have typically ignored synthetic chemical pollution, despite the rapid increase of pharmaceuticals, pesticides and industrial chemicals in the environment. Part of the problem reflects the multifarious origins of these micropollutants, which can derive from urban and agricultural sources. Understanding how micropollutants harm ecosystems is a major scientific challenge due to asymmetries of stress across trophic levels and ecological surprises generated by multiple drivers interact-ing in human-impacted landscapes. We used field assays above and below municipal wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) in 60 sampling locations across 20 Swiss streams to test how micropollutants and nutrients originating from WWTPs affect two trophic levels (microbes and detritivores) and their role in leaf litter processing. Wastewater impacts were asymmetric across trophic levels, with the detritivore contribution declining relative to microbial-driven decomposition. The strength of negative impacts were context dependent, peaking at sites with the highest upstream abundances of detritivorous invertebrates. Diffuse pollution from intensive agriculture and wastewater-born micropollutants contributed to reduced litter processing rates, including indirect effects apparently mediated through negative influences of insecticides on detritivores. Asymmetries in stress responses across trophic levels can introduce quantitative changes in consumer–resource dynamics and leaf litter processing. This means functional redundancies at different trophic levels are insufficient to compensate for biodiversity losses, causing environmental stressors such as chemical pollutants to have pervasive ecosystem-level impacts.
Harmony Search-Based Optimization for Multi-RISs MU-MISO OFDMA Systems

In this letter, we aim to maximize the downlink sum-rate for multi-antenna orthogonal frequency division multiple access (OFDMA) systems with multiple reconfigurable intelligent surfaces (RISs). Due to the high non-convexity of the multiple RISs-aided systems, the sum-rate of the system is often dictated by the initial values of the optimization variables. We propose a novel harmony search-based alternating optimization (AO) algorithm to improve the AO algorithm by searching the high-quality initial value. In the numerical results, the proposed technique outperforms the AO algorithm with random initialization, making the proposed algorithm highly practical.
Intolerance of Uncertainty, Acculturative Stress, Gratitude, and Distress: A Moderated Mediation Model

Based on Berry’s (1997) model of acculturation, the current study examined whether gratitude would moderate the association between intolerance of uncertainty (IU) and acculturative stress (i.e., moderation hypothesis), and mitigate the positive association between IU and psychological distress through acculturative stress (i.e., moderated mediation hypothesis). Participants were 171 international students with Chinese heritage from a Midwest public university. Results from PROCESS supported these hypotheses. First, the positive association between IU and acculturative stress was attenuated to a greater extent at higher compared to lower levels of gratitude. Second, the mediation effect of IU on psychological distress through acculturative stress was weaker among those with higher compared to lower levels of gratitude. Findings demonstrate the protective role of gratitude and the role of IU as a risk factor for psychological distress through acculturative stress. Implications for practice, training, and research are discussed.
Polarization properties of the 6.7 ghz methanol masers in ngc6334f

The Australia Telescope Compact Array (ATCA) has been used to make the first full polarization observations of 6.7 GHz methanol masers. Linear polarization was detected towards all four sources observed, at levels between a few and 10%, while none of the sources show circular polarization stronger than approximately 1.5%. Linear polarization appears to be more common in the 6.7 GHz methanol maser transition than it is for the 12.2 GHz transition, consistent with the hypothesis that the 6.7 GHz masers are more saturated.
Galaxy interactions in loose galaxy groups: KAT-7 and VLA HI Observations of the IC 1459 group

We report on the results from deep HI observations, performed with the Karoo Array Telescope and with the Karl G. Jansky Very Large Array of the loose galaxy group centred on the early-type galaxy IC 1459. The main result from our observations is the detection of a nearly continuous, 500-kpc long HI tail which crosses the entire group. Earlier observations with the Australia Telescope Compact Array had shown the presence of a large HI tail in this galaxy group, but because of the much larger coverage of the new data, the full extent of this tail is now visible. The HI mass of this structure is 3.1 +- 0.3 10^9 Msun . Based on its morphology and kinematics, we conclude that the tail consists of gas stripped from NGC 7418 through tidal interactions, with ram-pressure affects playing at most a minor role. Optical images of the IC 1459 group do not show many indications that galaxy interactions are common in this group. The HI data reveal a very different picture and show that almost all gas-rich galaxies in the IC 1459 group have a distorted HI distribution indicating that many interactions are occurring in this group. This high number of interactions shows that the processes that drive galaxy transformation are also occurring in fairly loose galaxy groups.
Approximations for Prediction Error Variances

Abstract Prediction error variances and other measures of reliability of estimates of genetic merit can, in principle, be obtained by inverting matrices that arise in the estimation procedures. However, accurate inversion of these matrices would often be prohibitively expensive, and the measures of reliability do not need to be known very precisely, so approximate procedures for finding measures of reliability are often useful. Several methods for finding approximations to diagonal elements of inverses of matrices are compared and discussed. Two approximations given by VanRaden and Freeman and two new approximations are recommended for various particular applications.
Structural analysis of star-forming blue early-type galaxies - Merger-driven star formation in elliptical galaxies

Star-forming blue early-type galaxies at low redshift can give insight to the stellar mass growth of L$*$ elliptical galaxies in the local Universe. We wish to understand the reason for star formation in these otherwise passively evolving red and dead stellar systems. The fuel for star formation can be acquired through recent accretion events such as mergers or flyby. The signatures of such events should be evident from a structural analysis of the galaxy image. We carried out structural analysis on SDSS $r$-band imaging data of 55 star-forming blue elliptical galaxies, derived the structural parameters, analysed the residuals from best-fit to surface brightness distribution, and constructed the galaxy scaling relations. We found that star-forming blue early-type galaxies are bulge-dominated systems with axial ratio $>$ 0.5 and surface brightness profiles fitted by Sersic profiles with index ($n$) mostly $>$ 2. Twenty-three galaxies are found to have $n$ $<$ 2; these could be hosting a disc component. The residual images of the 32 galaxy surface brightness profile fits show structural features indicative of recent interactions. The star-forming blue elliptical galaxies follow the Kormendy relation and show the characteristics of normal elliptical galaxies as far as structural analysis is concerned. There is a general trend for high-luminosity galaxies to display interaction signatures and high star formation rates. The star-forming population of blue early-type galaxies at low redshifts could be normal ellipticals that might have undergone a recent gas-rich minor merger event. The star formation in these galaxies will shut down once the recently acquired fuel is consumed, following which the galaxy will evolve to a normal early-type galaxy.
Southeast Asian Students’ Perspective in Science and science education

The study describes the attitudes and beliefs towards science and science education of Year 9 and 10 Southeast Asian students including gender and year level differences based on the seven categories. This study involved Year 9 and 10 students from seven SEAMEO countries. Out of 5,375 samples selected, 2,158 were boys and 3,217 were girls. There were seven categories in the survey instrument that was administered, including students’ perceptions about: (1) science; (2) science outside school; (3) science topics; (4) scientist vocation; (5) self-efficacy in science; (6) teaching and learning science; as well as (7) future participation in science. The analyses showed that generally students had positive attitudes on categories such as: science, science outside school, teaching and learning science, scientist vocation, science topics and future participation in science. However, in general, the students in this region had slightly low self-efficacy in science in which included items such as science as a difficult subject and science classes are boring. The results also showed that Year 9 and boys acted more positively than Year 10 and girls in the attitudes and beliefs towards science. Further research and recommendations are explored. The findings would be used as a tool to revise the national science curriculum of the participating countries in terms of content standards and inform teachers of how teaching and learning practices can be aligned with students’ attitudes and perceptions to obtain better learning outcomes. The research findings could also be used as a springboard for further research exploring deeper the variables affecting students’ success in science and providing intervention for teachers’ training curriculum and continuing professional development in terms of technological pedagogical content knowledge (TPACK) that would increase the interest of students in learning and exploring science.
Incivility Diminishes Interest in What Politicians Have to Say

Incivility is prevalent in society suggesting a potential benefit. Within politics, theorists and strategists often claim incivility grabs attention and stokes interest in what a politician has to say. In contrast, we propose incivility diminishes overall interest in what a politician has to say because people find the incivility morally distasteful. Studies 1a and 1b examined the relationship between uncivil language and followership in the Twitter feeds of Presidents Donald Trump and Joe Biden, finding incivility reduced their following on the platform. In Studies 2–3, we manipulated how uncivil a number of politicians were and found that incivility consistently depressed interest in what they had to say. These effects of incivility are generalized to both political allies and opponents. Observers’ moral disapproval of the incivility mediated the diminished interest, suppressing the attention-grabbing nature of incivility. Altogether, our findings indicate that the public reacts more negatively to political incivility than previously thought.
Quantum corrected geodesics

We compute the graviton-induced corrections to the trajectory of a classical test particle. We show that the motion of the test particle is governed by an effective action given by the expectation value (with respect to the graviton state) of the classical action. We analyze the quantum corrected equations of motion for the test particle in two particular backgrounds: a Robertson Walker spacetime and a (2+1)-dimensional spacetime with rotational symmetry. In both cases we show that the quantum corrected trajectory is not a geodesic of the background metric. {copyright} {ital 1999} {ital The American Physical Society}
Finite size corrections and integrability of Script N = 2 SYM and DLCQ strings on a pp-wave

We compute the planar finite size corrections to the spectrum of the dilatation operator acting on two-impurity states of a certain limit of conformal Script N = 2 quiver gauge field theory which is a ZM-orbifold of Script N = 4 supersymmetric Yang-Mills theory. We match the result to the string dual, IIB superstrings propagating on a pp-wave background with a periodically identified null coordinate. Up to two loops, we show that the computation of operator dimensions, using an effective Hamiltonian technique derived from renormalized perturbation theory and a twisted Bethe ansatz which is a simple generalization of the Beisert-Dippel-Staudacher [1] long range spin chain, agree with each other and also agree with a computation of the analogous quantity in the string theory. We compute the spectrum at three loop order using the twisted Bethe ansatz and find a disagreement with the string spectrum very similar to the known one in the near BMN limit of Script N = 4 super-Yang-Mills theory. We show that, like in Script N = 4, this disagreement can be resolved by adding a conjectured ``dressing factor'' to the twisted Bethe ansatz. Our results are consistent with integrability of the Script N = 2 theory within the same framework as that of Script N = 4.
Quasars Probing Galaxies. I. Signatures of Gas Accretion at Redshift z ≈ 0.2

We describe the kinematics of circumgalactic gas near the galactic plane, combining new measurements of galaxy rotation curves and spectroscopy of background quasars. The sightlines pass within 19–93 kpc of the target galaxy and generally detect Mg ii absorption. The Mg ii Doppler shifts have the same sign as the galactic rotation, so the cold gas co-rotates with the galaxy. Because the absorption spans a broader velocity range than disk rotation can explain, we explore simple models for the circumgalactic kinematics. Gas spiraling inwards (near the disk plane) offers a successful description of the observations. An appendix describes the addition of tangential and radial gas flows and illustrates how the sign of the disk inclination produces testable differences in the projected line-of-sight velocity range. This inflow interpretation implies that cold flow disks remain common down to redshift z ≈ 0.2 and prolong star formation by supplying gas to the disk.
Sedimentation Efficiency of Condensation Clouds in Substellar Atmospheres

Condensation clouds in substellar atmospheres have been widely inferred from spectra and photometric variability. Up until now, their horizontally averaged vertical distribution and mean particle size have been largely characterized using models, one of which is the eddy diffusion–sedimentation model from Ackerman and Marley that relies on a sedimentation efficiency parameter, fsed, to determine the vertical extent of clouds in the atmosphere. However, the physical processes controlling the vertical structure of clouds in substellar atmospheres are not well understood. In this work, we derive trends in fsed across a large range of eddy diffusivities (Kzz), gravities, material properties, and cloud formation pathways by fitting cloud distributions calculated by a more detailed cloud microphysics model. We find that fsed is dependent on Kzz, but not gravity, when Kzz is held constant. fsed is most sensitive to the nucleation rate of cloud particles, as determined by material properties like surface energy and molecular weight. High surface energy materials form fewer, larger cloud particles, leading to large fsed (>1), and vice versa for materials with low surface energy. For cloud formation via heterogeneous nucleation, fsed is sensitive to the condensation nuclei flux and radius, connecting cloud formation in substellar atmospheres to the objects’ formation environments and other atmospheric aerosols. These insights could lead to improved cloud models that help us better understand substellar atmospheres. For example, we demonstrate that fsed could increase with increasing cloud base depth in an atmosphere, shedding light on the nature of the brown dwarf L/T transition.
Signal extraction for finite nonstationary time series

SUMMARY For a signal plus noise model, where both signal and noise are generated by nonstation- ary ARIMA, autoregressive integrated moving average, models, we use the transformation approach of Ansley & Kohn (1985) to construct an estimate of the signal and obtain its mean squared error given a finite number of observations. A method for efficient computa- tion of the signal estimate and its mean squared error is also presented. Consider observations z(t) generated by the signal plus noise nmodel z(t) = s(t)+ n(t), (1s1) where both signal s(t) and noise n(t) follow nonstationary ARIMA processes. We give a solution to the finite sample signal extraction problem by defining an estimate of the signal s(t) given observations z(1),. , z(N) and finding its mean squared error. The major difficulty in handling the model with nonstationary components is that the distribution of the observations is not defined unless assumptions are made about the initial values of the series. Moreover, it is usually very difficult to formulate reasonable assumptions about the initial values because they affect the correlation structure of the whole series. See, for example, the discussion of Bell (1984, p. 652). Kohn & Ansley (1986) use a transformation approach to overcome the initial value problem in defining the likelihood and obtaining predittors and interpolators for an ARIMA model which may have missing values. This approach does not require any assumptions about the initial values and generalizes the usual differencing approach of Box & Jenkins (1976) for the case where there are no missing observations. In the present paper we apply the transformation approach of Kohn & Ansley (1986) and Ansley & Kohn (1985) to solve the signal extraction problem. We define a linear estimator A( t) of s( t) so that s( t) - SA( t) is invariant to the initial values and, furthermore, is unbiased in the sense that E{s(t) - s(t)} = 0. Moreover, it has minimum mean squared error amongst all such estimators. Our approach allows missing observations and extends to signal extraction for several additive signals when each is an ARIMA process. We also show how to compute the signal estimate and its mean squared error efficiently by writing the model in state space form, placing a diffuse prior on the initial values of the process and then using the modified Kalman filter and the modified smoothing algorithm of Ansley & Kohn (1985) and Kohn & Ansley (1986). Gersch & Kitagawa (1983), Kitagawa & Gersch (1984) and Harvey & Todd (1983) use
The SuperCOSMOS Sky Survey – I. Introduction and description

In this, the first in a series of three papers concerning the SuperCOSMOS Sky Survey (SSS), we give an introduction and user guide to the survey programme. We briefly describe other wide-field surveys and compare them with our own. We give examples of the data, and make a comparison of the accuracies of the various image parameters available with those from the other surveys providing similar data; we show that the SSS data base and interface offer advantages over these surveys. Some science applications of the data are also described and some limitations discussed. The series of three papers constitutes a comprehensive description and user guide for the SSS.
Structure of cold nuclear matter at subnuclear densities by Quantum Molecular Dynamics

Structure of cold nuclear matter at subnuclear densities for the proton fraction x = 0.5, 0.3 and 0.1 is investigated by quantum molecular dynamics (QMD) simulations. We demonstrate that the phases with slablike and rodlike nuclei, etc. can be formed dynamically from hot uniform nuclear matter without any assumptions on nuclear shape, and also systematically analyze the structure of cold matter using two-point correlation functions and Minkowski functionals. In our simulations, we also observe intermediate phases, which has complicated nuclear shapes. It is found out that these phases can be characterized as those with negative Euler characteristic. Our result implies the existence of these kinds of phases in addition to the simple “pasta” phases in neutron star crusts and supernova inner cores. In addition, we investigate the properties of the effective QMD interaction used in the present work to examine the validity of our results. The resultant energy per nucleon ǫn of the pure neutron matter, the proton chemical � (0) p in pure neutron matter and the nuclear surface tension Esurf are generally reasonable in comparison with other nuclear interactions.
Boosting assisted annihilation for a cosmologically safe MeV scale dark matter

Assisted annihilation generates thermal sub-GeV dark matter through a novel annihilation between a pair of dark matter and one or more SM-like states, called the \textit{assisters}. We show that depending on the mass hierarchy between the assister and dark matter there can be either a suppression or a boost from the Boltzmann factor in the effective cross section. This augmentation enables the possibility of MeV scale thermal dark matter with perturbative coupling that saturate the relic density estimates while being relatively insulated from cosmological constraints like BBN and CMB.
Observations of 20 Millisecond Pulsars in 47 Tucanae at 20 Centimeters

We have used a new observing system on the Parkes radio telescope to carry out a series of pulsar observations of the globular cluster 47 Tucanae at 20 cm wavelength. We detected all 11 previously known pulsars and have discovered nine others, all of which are millisecond pulsars in binary systems. We have searched the data for relatively short orbital period systems, and found one pulsar with an orbital period of 96 minutes, the shortest of any known radio pulsar. The increased rate of detections with the new system resulted in improved estimates of the flux density of the previously known pulsars, determination of the orbital parameters of one of them, and a coherent timing solution for another one. Five of the pulsars now known in 47 Tucanae have orbital periods of a few hours and implied companion masses of only ~0.03 M☉. Two of these are eclipsed at some orbital phases, while three are seen at all phases at 20 cm but not always at lower frequencies. Four and possibly six of the other binary systems have longer orbital periods and companion masses ~0.2 M☉, with at least two of them having relatively large orbital eccentricities. All 20 pulsars have rotation periods in the range 2-8 ms.