Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Event-by-event gluon multiplicity, energy density, and eccentricities in ultrarelativistic heavy-ion collisions

The event-by-event multiplicity distribution, the energy densities and energy density weighted eccentricity moments epsilon_n (up to n=6) at early times in heavy-ion collisions at both RHIC (root-s=200 GeV) and LHC (root-s=2.76 TeV) are computed in the IP-Glasma model. This framework combines the impact parameter dependent saturation model (IP-Sat) for nucleon parton distributions (constrained by HERA deeply inelastic scattering data) with an event-by-event classical Yang-Mills description of early-time gluon fields in heavy-ion collisions. The model produces multiplicity distributions that are convolutions of negative binomial distributions without further assumptions or parameters. The eccentricity moments are compared to the MC-KLN model; a noteworthy feature is that fluctuation dominated odd moments are consistently larger than in the MC-KLN model.
Linear Polarization Signatures of Particle Acceleration in High-Synchrotron-Peak Blazars

Blazars whose synchrotron spectral energy distribution (SED) peaks at X-ray energies need to accelerate electrons to energies in the >100 GeV range in relativistic plasma jets at distances of parsecs from the central engine. Compton scattering by the same electrons can explain high luminosities at very high photon energies (>100 GeV) from the same objects. Turbulence combined with a standing conical shock can accomplish this. Such a scenario can also qualitatively explain the level and variability of linear polarization observed at optical frequencies in these objects. Multi-wavelength polarization measurements, including those at X-ray energies by the Imaging X-ray Polarimetry Explorer (IXPE), find that the degree of polarization is several times higher at X-ray than at optical wavelengths, in general agreement with the turbulence-plus-shock picture. Some detailed properties of the observed polarization can be naturally explained by this scenario, while others pose challenges that may require modifications to the model.
Ultra-broadband simultaneous superluminal phase and group velocities in non-Foster epsilon-near-zero metamaterial

Experimental investigation of ultra-broadband simultaneous superluminal phase and group velocity in recently introduced epsilon-near-zero (ENZ) non-Foster metamaterial is reported. The phase and group velocities were extracted both from the measurements of scattering parameters in the frequency domain and the measurements of propagation time of broadband Gaussian pulse in time domain. Reported superluminal effects are extremely broadband (relative bandwidth of 180% (1:20)) and they are fundamentally different from widely reported narrowband experiments based on the anomalous dispersion. The phenomenon of simultaneous superluminal phase and group velocities may find applications in transformation electromagnetic devices and in communication systems.
The spatial spillover effect of technological innovation network in cities: a case of the high-tech industry of Yangtze River Delta

ABSTRACT This study aims to investigate the formation of the inter-city technology innovation network and its economic effects on the Yangtze River Delta (YRD). To examine the innovation network, this study utilizes high-tech industry registered patent data that provide for a more substantial formation of the inter-city technology network. First, this study finds that a solid technology innovation network was formed between most cities in YRD. Moreover, we found that various small, medium-sized and large cities acted as hubs for the networks. Lastly, a spatial econometrics model was constructed and empirical analysis was conducted to determine whether the spatial spillover effect through YRD’s inter-city technology innovation network actually occurs and to what extent. The result confirms that there is a positive spatial spillover effect through a technology innovation network between cities in the YRD high-tech industrial sector.
Citizen Participation in Electronic Public Administration: The Considerations of Functionality and the Technology Acceptance Model

The adoption of technology-based public administration has revealed the ability of virtual spaces to accelerate public services, making them more effective and accessible. However, technology-based public services also have negative effects relating to the lack of citizen supervision and the possible misuse of personal data. This study analyzed the effects of functionality and data privacy on the perceived usefulness and perceived ease of use of technology in Indonesian public administration, using administrators as respondents. An empirical analysis was conducted using quantitative methods with the help of the WarpPLS (Partial Least Squares) program. The results showed that data privacy and functionality have positive effects on perceived ease of use (PEU) and perceived benefits (PB). Furthermore, the statistical results showed that PEU and PB had positive effects on citizen participation in electronic public administration. The results of testing the mediating effects of PB revealed its role in strengthening the positive and significant effects of the functionality and data privacy variables on citizen participation in use. On a theoretical level, these results contribute to an explanation of the application of the technology acceptance model in the online public sector and underline the crucial elements that influence technology acceptance.
A unified sequential test procedure for simultaneous testing the equality of several binomial proportions to a specified standard

Abstract In this article, we propose a unified sequentially rejective test procedure for testing simultaneously the equality of several independent binomial proportions to a specified standard. The proposed test procedure is general enough to include some well-known multiple testing procedures such as the Ordinary Bonferroni procedure, Hochberg procedure and Rom procedure. It involves multiple tests of significance based on the simple binomial tests (exact or approximate) which can be easily found in many elementary standard statistics textbooks. Unlike the traditional Chi-square test of the overall hypothesis, the procedure can identify the subset of the binomial proportions, which are different from the prespecified standard with the control of the familywise type I error rate. Moreover, the power computation of the procedure is provided and the procedure is illustrated by two real examples from an ecological study and a carcinogenicity study.
On the Estimation of Lifetime Income

Abstract Lifetime income, say Vs, may be defined as Vs = ΣT t=sctyt where yt is income (earnings) at age t, ct is some discount rate and s is the age an individual enters the labor force. Obviously, yt i.e., the income path over the individual's span of active life, plays a crucial part in the calculation of Vs. Mostly graphical methods have been employed for estimating the income age profile. This article presents a statistical framework for estimating lifetime income. Moreover, the first and second moments of the distribution of lifetime income are derived, and these results are applied to Dutch income data.
Cloning the quantum oscillator

A class of completely positive maps are constructed which perform an approximate cloning of arbitrary states of a multi-mode quantum oscillator. Inside this class we find the optimal maps which do the cloning with greatest accuracy. The cloning errors appear in the characteristic functions of the states as additive Gaussian noise. The construction is extended to multiple clones, and it is shown that the minimal noise has an upper bound as the multiplicity goes to infinity. It is also shown that the construction is closely related to the formalism for linear quantum amplifiers and beamsplitters used in quantum optics.
The obstructive Coriolis force (Coriolis Part 4)

Starting in this issue Weather will further explore the consequences of the Coriolis force for atmospheric and oceanic processes over five instalments spread out into 2002. The articles follow on from the three ‘Back to basics’ articles by Anders Persson published in 2000. These sparked off a lot of debate, some of which you will have seen in the letters pages and more in the recent report on the Weather questionnaire. The aim of these further articles is to describe some commonly encountered dynamical features of the atmosphere and ocean in which the Coriolis force plays a significant role: inertial motion, geostrophic winds, the subtropical jet, the Ekman spiral in the oceanic and atmospheric boundary layers, and the night-time low-level jet. The limited mathematics in these are mostly contained in footnotes, and those without formal training can easily skip this without serious loss. I found the articles stimulating and thought-provokmg. I hope you will do so too. Grant Bigg
Reliability and Validity of the ARMIDILO-S in Sex Offenders with Intellectual Disabilities

ABSTRACT Background The ARMIDILO-S is advocated as a promising tool for assessing dynamic risk factors in sex offenders with intellectual disabilities (SOIDs). However, research remains scarce. The present study aimed to further validate this instrument in SOIDs. Method The study prospectively followed 38 SOIDs for up to one year to test the accuracy of the ARMIDILO-S in predicting violent and sexual incidents. Results Overall predictive accuracy was moderate to high. The ARMIDILO-S further showed excellent prospective qualities in identifying both high-risk and low-risk offenders for violence. Regarding sexual offending, it was only good at prospectively detecting low-risk individuals. Conclusions This study provided further evidence of the good predictive validity of the ARMIDILO-s in predicting future sexual and violent incidents in SOIDs. More research in preferably larger samples as well as field validity studies are recommended.
Biaxial crystal as a versatile mode converter

The extreme versatility of the internal conical refraction in biaxial crystals in the transformation of Gaussian laser beams is demonstrated and discussed. By means of simple variations in the focusing and polarization of the input beam, various beam configurations like Bessel–Gauss, Hermite–Gauss, Laguerre–Gauss, and others are shown to be produced from a lowest-order Gaussian beam passed through a biaxial crystal along one of its optical axes. Further transformations of the beam profile and formation of more complex light patterns were obtained in a cascaded scheme, when the beam was passed consecutively through two crystals. These observations, together with the known ability of conical refraction to form a variety of other complex light structures, demonstrate the unique properties of the effect in manipulations with the amplitude, phase, and polarization of light beams.
Disentangling the factors behind shifting voting intentions: The bandwagon effect reflects heuristic processing, while the underdog effect reflects fairness concerns

In today’s elections, abundantly available polls inform voters what parties lead and what parties trail. This allows voters to accurately predict the likely outcomes of elections before the final results are in. Voters may react to these ex-ante election outcomes by shifting their votes either toward leading parties, often termed the “bandwagon effect” or toward trailing parties, often termed the “underdog effect”. The published literature presents different perspectives on the strength of both effects and the underlying psychological processes. Three preregistered studies (total N = 1,424) test the psychological causes of both effects. Exploratory Study 1 relates differences in interpersonal, moral, strategic, and epistemic psychological factors to shifts in voting intentions before the 2019 Polish parliamentary elections. Results suggest that the bandwagon effect reflects a lack of political expertise, whereas the underdog effect reflects fairness concerns. To provide experimental evidence, Studies 2a and 2b manipulate these two factors in a simulated election design. The results confirm that low expertise increases the bandwagon effect and that fairness concerns increase the underdog effect.
Hybrid theory calculation of simultaneous vibration-rotation excitation in e-N2 scattering

Simultaneous vibration (v) and rotation (j) excitation of N/sub 2/ by electron impact is calculated in the hybrid theory from the relevant formulas (involving a-matrix elements previously calculated). All cross sections (labeled v, j .-->. v', j') involving states with v = 0, 1; 0 < or = j < or = 1; 0 < or = v' < or = 2; 0 < or = j' < or = 5 have been evaluated. A representative sample of graphical results is presented. In particular, we find large discrepancies in magnitude from the partially phenomenological theory of J. C. Y. Chen. (AIP)
Near duplicate detection of images with area and proposed pixel‐based feature extraction

Efficient and accurate near‐duplicate recognition is the trendy research area. Identification of invalid near‐duplicate images offers a wide range of applications, including digital picture forensics, web‐scale retrieval, and, social media analysis. This article intends to introduce a novel near duplicate detection model of images that consists of two stages such as (i) feature extraction and (ii) similarity computation. Originally, the image database is subjected to extracting the features, in which the area‐based features and pixel‐based features are extracted. Here, the area‐based feature extraction includes the contrast context histogram (CCH‐descriptors) and improved weighted bag of visual word (w‐BovW) features; the pixel‐based feature extraction includes the texture features like the proposed local vector pattern. Once the query image is given as the input, it is subjected to the feature extraction stage. Then, the feature vector database and the extracted features of query images are evaluated under similarity computation via improved Jaccard similarity evaluation. Thus, the near duplicate detection of the image is obtained in an effective manner.
Use of Iterative Proportional Fitting Algorithm for Combining Traffic Count Data with Missing Dimensions

This paper proposes a modified version of the iterative proportional fitting (IPF) algorithm that can be used to combine contingency tables with missing dimensions. In many situations data from more than one survey could be used to answer a certain question of interest. Although using only one of the data sets is the simplest approach, it is uneconomical because information contained in the other data sets is not used. When combining data from different sources, one often faces the problem that the data have not been collected in exactly the same way, so certain information is available only in some data sets. Dominici proposed a hierarchical Bayesian model for combining contingency tables with missing dimensions. Although this is an elegant theory, it has a number of shortcomings, the most important one being that it has a high time and memory complexity. In other words, this method is too slow to be useful for traffic count data in which the number of cells easily exceeds several thousands. The IPF algorithm proposed here consists of iterations whose time complexity is linear only in the number of cells, so it can easily be applied to huge contingency tables such as those obtained from traffic surveys.
Spatio-temporal variability of the photospheric magnetic field

Abstract The spatio-temporal dynamics of the solar magnetic field has been investigated by using NSO/Kitt Peak synoptic magnetic maps covering ~28 yr. For each heliographic latitude the field has been analyzed through the Empirical Mode Decomposition, in order to investigate the time evolution of the various characteristic oscillating frequencies. Preliminary results are discussed.
Rational Strategy for Designing Peptidomimetic Small Molecules Based on Cyclic Peptides Targeting Protein–Protein Interaction between CTLA-4 and B7-1

Currently, various pharmaceutical modalities are being developed rapidly. Targeting protein–protein interactions (PPIs) is an important objective in such development. Cyclic peptides, because they have good specificity and activity, have been attracting much attention as an alternative to antibody drugs. However, cyclic peptides involve some difficulties, such as oral availability and cell permeability. Therefore, while small-molecule drugs still present many benefits, the screening of functional small-molecule compounds targeting PPIs requires a great deal of time and effort, including structural analysis of targets and hits. In this study, we investigated a rational two-step strategy to design small-molecule compounds targeting PPIs. First, we obtained inhibitory cyclic peptides that bind to cytotoxic T-lymphocyte-associated protein 4 (CTLA-4) by ribosomal display using PUREfrex® (PUREfrex®RD) to get structure–activity relation (SAR) information. Based on that information, we converted cyclic peptides to small molecules using PepMetics® scaffolds that can mimic the α-helix or β-turn of the peptide. Finally, we succeeded in generating small-molecule compounds with good IC50 (single-digit μM values) against CTLA-4. This strategy is expected to be a useful approach for small-molecule design targeting PPIs, even without having structural information such as that associated with X-ray crystal structures.
Set-based fast gradient projection algorithm for model predictive control of grid-tied power converters

Model Predictive Control (MPC) has attracted much attention and is widely used in power electronics. However, implementing the MPC algorithm is still a difficult task due to the fast dynamics of power converters and strict time constraints. In this paper, a computationally efficient MPC algorithm for grid-tied power converters based on the fast gradient projection method and invariant set theory is proposed. The algorithm is implemented and tested through hardware-in-the-loop simulations using Texas Instruments digital signal processors and Xilinx Field Programmable Gate Arrays platforms.
Geotail electron observations in association with intense bursts of electron cyclotron harmonic waves in the dayside magnetosphere

Along the magnetopause skimming orbit on October 17, 1992, the Geotail spacecraft observed intense bursts of electron cyclotron harmonic waves called “totem pole” (TP) emissions which occurred sporadically arid intermittently in time in the dayside magnetosphere. The present paper focuses on the analysis of the electron environment associated with the TP emissions. Field analysis shows that, because of the occurrence of an intense Pc5 pulsation, there was E×B drift flow which was switching its direction in time near the magnetopause. The Geotail/comprehensive plasma instrumentation data show that the electron density fluctuated corresponding to the drift flow variation. Overall, TP emissions tend to occur during a transient time interval including a time when the density of cold electrons below 100 eV takes a minimum value. In the interval from 2225 to 2235 UT, TP emissions were well correlated with the density decrease of the cold electrons. In the interval including a stagnation time of the flow switching from the Sun-duskward to the tail-dawnward direction, the density of the cold electrons became minimum, and simultaneously, TP emissions were observed. Contrary to the decrease of the cold electrons, the electron density increased at energies higher than 100 eV in. association with the TP emissions. Namely, the TP emissions were observed when the density ratio of the hot electrons to the cold ones (nh/nc) increased. In the interval from 2252 to 2302 UT, TP emissions were found during a transition time of the cold electron density. We can conclude that the sporadic and intermittent signature of TP emissions can be due to the change of the electron environment driven by the intense field pulsation.
Random anisotropy in amorphous ferromagnets

Random anisotropy is present in all amorphous magnetic materials, and depending on its strength, it can dramatically affect the magnetic behavior. We describe the effect of strong random anisotropy in materials such as amorphous Tb‐Fe and Dy‐Fe at low temperature and also examine the role which weak random anisotropy might play in even ideally homogeneous soft materials. Much of our analysis is based on the simple model proposed by Harris, Plischke and Zuckerman for a ferromagnet with random‐axis uniaxial anisotropy. We describe computer simulation results for this model and then develop scale length arguments which allow us to describe fluctuations in the magnetization direction. For a perfectly isotropic distribution of anisotropy axis we find that the conventional ferromagnetic ground state is unstable. The new ground state has large frozen in fluctuations but probably has a considerable moment and is, therefore, not spin glass‐like. This system does not support domain walls of the conventional type. F.
nu-2 band of H2 O-16 - Line strengths and transition frequencies

High-resolution spectra of H216O were recorded with a Fourier-transform spectrometer covering transitions in the (010)–(000) band from 1066 to 2582 cm−1. The measured line frequencies were used along with additional data taken from studies at microwave and far-infrared frequencies in an analysis to obtain rotational energies of levels in the (000) and (010) states. Measurements of the line strengths were fitted by least squares to a model in which the dipole moment matrix elements were represented by as many as 19 expansion coefficients. The results produced computed line strength values that are in excellent agreement, on the average, with the 874 experimental transitions included in the analysis. These results provide a more accurate representation of the line positions and strengths for the (010)–(000) band than are currently available on the HITRAN absorption line parameter compilation.
Two-Factor Saturated Designs: Cycles, Gini Index, and State Polytopes

In this article, we analyze and characterize the saturated fractions of two-factor designs under the simple effect model. Using linear algebra, we define a criterion to check whether a given fraction is saturated or not. We also compute the number of saturated fractions, providing an alternative proof of the Cayley’s formula. Finally, we show how, given a list of saturated fractions, Gini indexes of their margins and the associated state polytopes could be used to classify them.
On the structure of an electrostatic spray of monodisperse droplets

An experimental study has been performed on the structure of an electrostatic spray of monodisperse droplets. Such a spray is established when a liquid with sufficient electric conductivity and moderate surface tension, in the present case heptane doped with an antistatic additive, is fed through a small metal tube maintained at several kilovolts relative to a ground electrode a few centimeters away. The liquid meniscus at the outlet of the capillary takes a conical shape under the action of the electric field, with a thin jet emerging from the cone tip. This jet breaks up into charged droplets that disperse into a fine spray. Flash shadowgraph of the breakup region showed that the jet initially breaks into droplets of bimodal size distribution by varicose wave instabilities. The spray monodispersity is established farther downstream by a segregation process of electrostatic and inertial nature that confines the bulk of the mass flow rate (97%) and 85% of the total current in a core of nearly monodisperse.