Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Displacement of submacular hemorrhage associated with age-related macular degeneration using vitrectomy and submacular tPA injection followed by intravitreal ranibizumab

Background/aims: To evaluate retrospectively the clinical outcomes of patients presenting with submacular hemorrhage (SMH) secondary to neovascular age-related macular degeneration (nAMD), treated by vitrectomy, submacular tissue plasminogen activator (tPA) injection and pneumatic displacement of SMH with air followed by postoperative intravitreal ranibizumab (RZB). Methods: Patients with SMH and nAMD had 25-guage vitrectomy and subretinal tPA (12.5 micrograms/0.1 mL) with fluid/air exchange. Intravitreal RZB was administered postoperatively to patients eligible for National Health Service (NHS) funded treatment. Results: Of the total of 16 patients, 11 (68.7%) had complete displacement of SMH. The remain-ing five had residual SMH, mainly subretinal pigment epithelium in location. Three of the four patients who previously had a failed expansile gas pneumatic displacement were successfully displaced with vitrectomy surgery. At presentation 5/16 (31.3%) patients were eligible for NHS funded intravitreal RZB. This increased to 12 patients after the vitrectomy procedure (75.0%). At 6 months postoperatively all improved by $ 1 line. Ten of the 16 patients (63%) improved by $ 2 lines, with 10 of the 12 patients (83%) treated with RZB improving by $ 2 lines. Conclusion: Vitrectomy/subretinal tPA/air to displace SMH followed by intravitreal RZB injection can stabilize/improve vision in patients with nAMD. This technique displaces hemorrhage not displaced by attempted expansile gas techniques.
Clustering Techniques Applied to Outlier Detection of Financial Market Series Using a Moving Window Filtering Algorithm

In this study we combine clustering techniques with a moving window algorithm in order to filter financial market data outliers. We apply the algorithm to a set of financial market data which consists of 25 series selected from a larger dataset using a cluster analysis technique taking into account the daily behaviour of the market; each of these series is an element of a cluster that represents a different segment of the market. We set up a framework of possible algorithm parameter combinations that detect most of the outliers by market segment. In addition, the algorithm parameters that have been found can also be used to detect outliers in other series with similar economic behaviour in the same cluster. Moreover, the crosschecking of the behaviour of different series within each cluster reduces the possibility of observations being misclassified as outliers. JEL Classification: C19, C49, G19
Circadian Rhythm Sleep Disorders

Sirkadiyen ritim uyku bozukluklari, cevresel ve sosyal kosullara uygun olan uyku-uyaniklik ritminin bozuldugu klinik durumlari tanimlar. Endojen sirkadiyen saatteki degisimler ya da cevresel veya sosyal yasantinin, endojen sirkadiyen ritme gore uyumsuzlugu sonucunda olusurlar. Uyku-uyaniklik ritmi, icsel ve dissal donguler arasindaki dengesizliklere bagli olarak devamli veya tekrarlayici tarzda bozulur. Bu durum kiside uykusuzluk, asiri uykuluk ya da her ikisine de neden olarak fonksiyonel kayiplara yol acar. Ayrintili uyku anamnezi ve uyku gunlugunun mumkun ise aktigrafi kaydi ile birlikte uygulanmasi tani icin yeterlidir. Tedavide endojen sirkadiyen ritmin cevresel kosullar ile uyumlu hale gelmesi amaclanir. Bu yazida sirkadiyen ritim uyku bozukluklarinin patofizyolojisi, klinik ozellikleri, tani ve tedavilerinin gozden gecirilmesi amaclanmistir.
High-Voltage CMOS Controller for Microfluidics

A high-voltage microfluidic controller designed using DALSA Semiconductor's 0.8-mum 5V/HV CMOS/DMOS process is presented. The chip has four high voltage outputs and is capable of operating up to 300 V. This IC serves as an advancement in microfluidic technology when used in conjunction with a CCD based optical system and a glass microfluidic channel enabling a portable, cost efficient and reliable platform for genetic analysis.
Barrier layer variability in the western Pacific warm pool from 2000 to 2007

[1] Major features of the equatorial portion of the western Pacific warm pool (WP) were brought to light through the analysis of an unprecedented collection of temperature and salinity profiles derived from Argo floats from 2000 to 2007. A region of thick (>15–25 m) and quasi-permanent barrier layers (BLs) was found to occur in a band from 10° to 20° longitude to the west of the maximum zonal sea surface salinity gradient (∂S/∂x), which occurs at the eastern edge of the WP. In this region, thick BLs and associated maxima (∂S/∂x) were displaced eastward (westward) during El Nino (La Nina) over a distance of more than 6000 km. The thickness of the BL in this region is, to the first order, proportional to ∂S/∂x and quasi-permanently associated with the occurrence of sea surface temperatures warmer than 28–29°C, which are a good proxy for maximum atmospheric convection for the current Pacific climate. Statistics indicated that a thick BL forms preferentially under low wind conditions, heavy precipitation, eastward advection of low sea surface salinity, zonal current vertical shear, and/or in conjunction with equatorial downwelling Kelvin and Rossby waves (favoring the vertical stretching of the upper water column). None of these processes seemed to dominate the others, indicating that the formation of a thick BL results from a combination of different and complex mechanisms. The fact that a thick BL represents a quasi-permanent feature in the WP signifies that its specific stratification and likely impact on the sea surface temperature balance should be accounted for in coupled models.
Laboratory evolution for forced glucose-xylose co-consumption enables identification of mutations that improve mixed-sugar fermentation by xylose-fermenting Saccharomyces cerevisiae

ABSTRACT Simultaneous fermentation of glucose and xylose can contribute to improved productivity and robustness of yeast‐based processes for bioethanol production from lignocellulosic hydrolysates. This study explores a novel laboratory evolution strategy for identifying mutations that contribute to simultaneous utilisation of these sugars in batch cultures of Saccharomyces cerevisiae. To force simultaneous utilisation of xylose and glucose, the genes encoding glucose‐6‐phosphate isomerase (PGI1) and ribulose‐5‐phosphate epimerase (RPE1) were deleted in a xylose‐isomerase‐based xylose‐fermenting strain with a modified oxidative pentose‐phosphate pathway. Laboratory evolution of this strain in serial batch cultures on glucose‐xylose mixtures yielded mutants that rapidly co‐consumed the two sugars. Whole‐genome sequencing of evolved strains identified mutations in HXK2, RSP5 and GAL83, whose introduction into a non‐evolved xylose‐fermenting S. cerevisiae strain improved co‐consumption of xylose and glucose under aerobic and anaerobic conditions. Combined deletion of HXK2 and introduction of a GAL83G673T allele yielded a strain with a 2.5‐fold higher xylose and glucose co‐consumption ratio than its xylose‐fermenting parental strain. These two modifications decreased the time required for full sugar conversion in anaerobic bioreactor batch cultures, grown on 20 g L−1 glucose and 10 g L−1 xylose, by over 24 h. This study demonstrates that laboratory evolution and genome resequencing of microbial strains engineered for forced co‐consumption is a powerful approach for studying and improving simultaneous conversion of mixed substrates.
Thalamocortical And Intracortical Inputs Differentiate Layer-Specific Mouse Auditory Corticocollicular Neurons

Long-range descending projections from the auditory cortex play key roles in shaping response properties in the inferior colliculus. The auditory corticocollicular projection is massive and heterogeneous, with axons emanating from cortical layers 5 and 6, and plays a key role in directing plastic changes in the inferior colliculus. However, little is known about the cortical and thalamic networks within which corticocollicular neurons are embedded. Here, laser scanning photostimulation glutamate uncaging and photoactivation of channelrhodopsin-2 were used to probe the local and long-range network differences between pre-identified mouse layer 5 and layer 6 auditory corticocollicular neurons in vitro. Layer 5 corticocollicular neurons were found to vertically integrate supragranular excitatory and inhibitory input to a substantially greater degree than their layer 6 counterparts. In addition, all layer 5 corticocollicular neurons received direct and large thalamic inputs from channelrhodopsin-2 labeled thalamocortical fibers whereas such inputs were less common in layer 6 corticocollicular neurons. Finally, a new low calcium/synaptic blockade approach to separate direct from indirect inputs using laser photostimulation was validated. These data demonstrate that layer 5 and 6 corticocollicular neurons receive distinct sets of cortical and thalamic inputs, supporting the hypothesis that they have divergent roles in modulating the inferior colliculus. Furthermore, the direct connection between the auditory thalamus and layer 5 corticocollicular neurons reveals a novel and rapid link connecting ascending and descending pathways.
Ensemble 1‐Year predictions of Arctic sea ice for the spring and summer of 2008

Ensemble predictions of arctic sea ice in spring and summer 2008 have been carried out using an ice‐ocean model. The ensemble is constructed by using atmospheric forcing from 2001 to 2007 and the September 2007 ice and ocean conditions estimated by the model. The prediction results show that the record low ice cover and the unusually warm ocean surface waters in summer 2007 lead to a substantial reduction in ice thickness in 2008. Up to 1.2 m ice thickness reduction is predicted in a large area of the Canada Basin in both spring and summer of 2008, leading to extraordinarily thin ice in summer 2008. There is a 50% chance that both the Northern Sea Route and the Northwest Passage will be nearly ice free in September 2008. It is not likely there will be another precipitous decline in arctic sea ice extent such as seen in 2007, unless a new atmospheric forcing regime, significantly different from the recent past, occurs.
Relation of Gene Expression Phenotype to Immunoglobulin Mutation Genotype in B Cell Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia

The most common human leukemia is B cell chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL), a malig-nancy of mature B cells with a characteristic clinical presentation but a variable clinical course. The rearranged immunoglobulin (Ig) genes of CLL cells may be either germ-line in sequence or somatically mutated. Lack of Ig mutations defined a distinctly worse prognostic group of CLL patients raising the possibility that CLL comprises two distinct diseases. Using genomic-scale gene expression profiling, we show that CLL is characterized by a common gene expression " signature, " irrespective of Ig mutational status, suggesting that CLL cases share a common mechanism of transformation and/or cell of origin. Nonetheless, the expression of hundreds of other genes correlated with the Ig mutational status, including many genes that are modulated in expression during mitogenic B cell receptor signaling. These genes were used to build a CLL subtype predictor that may help in the clinical classification of patients with this disease.
Back-arc spreading and mantle flow in the East Scotia Sea

Abstract The East Scotia Ridge exhibits systematic variations in axial morphology and basalt geochemistry. Central segments have morphology typical of intermediate-rate spreading centres and erupt mainly normal mid-ocean ridge basalt (N-MORB). Segments near the ridge ends exhibit anomalous, inflated, axial morphology and erupt more evolved basalts, influenced by the Bouvet plume in the north. As the end segments lie closer to the volcanic arc, these variations could be caused by coupled flow within the mantle wedge, as inferred from similar studies in the Lau Basin. Three of the four zones of crustal accretion defined from the Lau Basin may be identified in the East Scotia Sea, although there is no counterpart to a zone of diminished magma supply observed at the East Lau Spreading Centre. Superimposed on the pattern of plate-driven flow is a ridge-parallel flow related to inflow of Atlantic mantle into the East Scotia Sea back-arc region at both ends of the South Sandwich slab. The inflow causes enhanced magmatism and propagation of the end segments towards the middle of the back-arc region, and may be related to trench-parallel flow beneath the rapidly retreating slab. Alternatively, it may be driven by buoyancy flux from Atlantic hot spots. There is no evidence that retreat was ever driven by escape flow of Pacific mantle.
Small UAV Position and Attitude, Raw Sensor, and Aerial Imagery Data Collected over Farm Field with Surveyed Markers

This data set consists of eight data files. The raw data file, flight_data. csv, consists of sensor readings taken by the UAV during flight; these data include altitude, latitude and longitude, velocity, acceleration, and wind speed and direction. The ground_control_points_coordinates. csv file is a table describing the three-dimensional position of UAV ground control points. GIS files containing data involving the ground control points and the UAV flight path can be found in supplemental_GIS_files. zip; these files can be viewed with Google Earth. JPEG snapshots of the GIS file outputs are named ground_control_points_map. jpg and uav_groundtrack_map. jpg, respectively. The images.zip file contains photos logged by the UAV during flight, as well as a media folder containing pictures of the research team, the ground control points, and the UAV device. The UAV-logged photos are arranged by image type (RGB or NIR) and processing status (original or processed). An orthorectified example of the processed RGB photos can be found in the sample_orthorectified_view. jpg file. Climate data for the flight day and specification sheets for the UAV and imaging sensor can be found in data_sheets. zip.
Wintertime CO2 efflux from Arctic soils: Implications for annual carbon budgets

Estimates of annual carbon loss from arctic tundra ecosystems are based nearly entirely on measurements taken during the growing season in part because of methodological limitations but also reflecting the assumption that respiration during winter is near zero. Measurements of CO2 flux during winter, however, indicate significant amounts of carbon loss from tundra ecosystems throughout the 240‐day nongrowing season. In our study during the 1996 and 1997 nongrowing seasons, winter carbon losses ranged from 2.0 g CO2 m−2 season−1 in moist dwarf shrub communities to 97 g CO2 m−2 season−1 in natural snowdrift communities, with an average wintertime CO2 efflux of 45 g CO2 m−2 for all Low Arctic tundra communities (0.14 Pg CO2 yr−1 worldwide). These measurements indicate that current estimates of annual carbon loss from tundra ecosystems are low. Inclusion of wintertime losses of CO2 into annual carbon budgets increases the annual carbon efflux of arctic tundra ecosystems by 17% and changes some ecosystems from net annual sinks to net sources of CO2 to the atmosphere.
SPATIAL REGRESSION METHODS IN DENDROCLIMATOLOGY: A REVIEW AND COMPARISON OF TWO TECHNIQUES

We review and compare two alternative spatial regression methods used in dendroclimatology to reconstruct climate from tree rings. These methods are orthogonal spatial regression (OSR) and canonical regression (CR). Both the OSR and CR methods have a common foundation in least-squares theory and converge to the same solution when all p candidate tree-ring predictors of climate are forced into the model. However, the perfomance of OSR and CR may differ when only subsets p' < p predictors are used. Theory cannot predict how either method is likely to perform when best-subset selection is applied, especially with regards to reconstruction accuracy. Consequently, empirical comparisons of OSR and CR are made using three tree-ring and climate networks from western Europe and eastern North America that have been used in previous dendroclimatic studies. These comparisons rely on a suite of regression model verification statistics to validate the accuracy of the climatic reconstructions produced by the best-subset models. The results indicate little real difference between OSR and CR, with each performing equally good or bad depending on the amount of recoverable climatic information in the tree rings. Canonical regression may perform slightly better in high signal-to-noise cases; conversely, OSR may perform slightly better when the signal-to-noise ratio is low. None of these apparent differences are large enough to select one method in preference to the other, however, and many more comparisons would be needed to determine if such indications are generally valid.
Sequential Coordinate-wise Algorithm for Non-negative Least Squares Problem

This report contributes to the solution of non-negative least squares problem (NLS). The NLS problem is a substantial part of a learning procedure of associative networks. First, stopping conditions suitable for iterative numerical algorithms solving the NLS problem are derived. The conditions allow to control the solution found in terms of optimized objective function. Second, a novel sequential coordinate-wise algorithm is proposed. The algorithm is easy to implement and showed promising performance on synthetical experiments conducted.
Alkalinity determination in interstitial waters of marine sediments

ABSTRACT The titration alkalinity of interstitial water is defined in terms of the ionic species that contribute to the alkalinity and the significance and the magnitude of these contributions is estimated from available analytical data. Also a method for the potentiometric titration of the alkalinity is described with special reference to the various techniques available for the evaluation of the equivalence point. Special attention is given to the possible effect of the sulfate content of the samples on the mathematical evaluation of the end point. The accuracy of the method is estimated to be 0.5%.
Multisensor systems for security of critical infrastructures: concept, data fusion, and experimental results

The paper presents the concept of a multisensor system for perimeter protection, suitable for stationary and moving objects. The system consists of an active ground radar and thermal and visible cameras. The radar allows the system to locate potential intruders and controls an observation area for system cameras. The multi-sensor system concept ensures significant improvement of the probability of intruder detection and reduction of false alarms, thus increasing the functionality and performance of the whole system. Effective ranges of detection depend on the quality of the applied sensors and the observed scene itself. One of the most important devices used in such systems are IR cameras. The paper discusses the technical possibilities and limitations to use uncooled IR cameras in such a multi-sensor system for perimeter protection. The role of IR cameras in the system was discussed as well as a technical possibilities to detect a human being. The operational distances for perimeter protection are rather high, considering the performance of commercially available thermal cameras. The required spatial resolutions for detection, recognition and identification were calculated and then the detection ranges were estimated using NVTherm software. The results of analysis were finally presented and the comparison of exemplary IR cameras.
Conflicts and issues related to mountain biking in the National Forests: a multimethodological approach

One of the key reasons for the tremendous increase in mountain biking on the National Forests is the myriad of opportu­ nities available for off-road cycling enthusiasts. The issues of land access, trail maintenance and conflict are reinforced as complex problems that will need to be resolved through the cooperation of land managers, user groups and clubs/organizations. Quantitative and qualitative methods for sampling, data collection, and data analysis were used to explore issues and problems related to moun­ tain biking on the National Forests. The problems and issues uncovered in this study should not be allowed to develop into "win or lose" situations, but should be pursued through a community decision approach.
Numerical Simulations of Stratified Rotating Flow over Finite Amplitude Topography

Abstract A primitive equation numerical ocean model is used to investigate the response of an basic flow, initially horizontally and vertically uniform, to the presence of an isolated seamount at the center of a 4000-m-deep periodic channel. The model is configured with 5-km horizontal resolution and 15 constant-density layer in the vertical. The Coriolis parameter, fluid stratification, coefficient of lateral friction, and length scale or the topography are held constant while the men downstream flow speed and height of the obstacle vary up to an extreme case of a 20 cm s−1 current impinging on a 3500 seamount. The results include the familiar anticyclonic vortex straddling the topograhy while a cyconic vortex propagates downgstream. Both advective and vorticity interaction effects are noted in the experiment with the extent of perturbations to the density field being influenced by variations in the mean flow speed and obstacle height. Possible modifications to the model are discussed in relation to obse.
Measurements of bubble plumes and turbulence from a submarine

Abstract An experiment using turbulence probes and an array of side‐scan and vertically pointing pencil beam sonars mounted on the U.S. submarine Dolphin was carried out to measure turbulence in near‐surface regions of acoustic scattering, in particular, those caused by subsurface bubbles produced by breaking wind waves. The dataset collected during winds of 5–9 m s−1 reveals the banded patterns of bubbles associated with Langmuir circulation, even though no surface manifestations were visible. A forward‐pointing side‐scan sonar determined the “age” of bubble clouds after their generation by breaking waves. There is enhanced turbulent dissipation in the bubble clouds, and the dissipation rate close to the surface exceeds that predicted using conventional calculations based on the law of the wall and buoyancy flux. The correspondence between bubbles and turbulence implies a horizontally patchy turbulent structure near the surface. Below the base of the bubble clouds the distance between turbulent patches i.
Magmatism and dynamics of continental breakup in the presence of a mantle plume

Abstract : This thesis studies the dynamics of mantle melting during continental breakups by geophysical, geochemical, and numerical analyses. The first part focuses on the mantle melting and crustal accretion processes during the formation of the Southeast Greenland margin, on the basis of deep-crustal seismic data. A seismic tomographic method is developed to jointly invert refraction and reflection travel times for a compressional velocity structure. Together with gravity data, the velocity structure is used to resolve the origin of a margin gravity high. A robust framework is developed for the petrological interpretation of crustal velocity structure, and vigorous active upwelling of normal mantle is suggested to be responsible for the extensive rifting magmatism. In the second part, the nature of mantle melting during the formation of the North Atlantic igneous province is studied based on the major element chemistry of erupted lavas. The results suggest that this province is characterized by strong major element source heterogeneity. In the third part, the nature of preexisting sublithospheric convection is investigated by a series of finite-element analyses, and the results suggest that small-scale convection is likely in normal asthenosphere, and that the upwelling velocity in such convection is on the order of 1-10 cm per year.