Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Terahertz Laser Pulse Boosts Interlayer Spin Transfer in Two-Dimensional van der Waals Magnetic Heterostructures

Light-induced ultrafast dynamics in two-dimensional (2D) magnetic systems demonstrate substantial advancements in spintronics. Here, using the real-time time-dependent density functional theory (rt-TDDFT), we applied laser pulses with various frequencies, from terahertz (THz) to optical pulse, to systematically study the interlayer spin transfer dynamics in 2D van der Waals nonmagnetic–ferromagnetic heterostructures, including graphene-Fe3GeTe2 (Gr/FGT) and silicene-Fe3GeTe2 (Si/FGT). Our results demonstrate that low-frequency THz pulses are particularly effective in facilitating interlayer spin injection from the ferromagnetic FGT layers to the Si or Gr layers. On the contrary, high-frequency optical pulses exhibit a minimal influence on this process. Such an effect is attributed to the low-frequency THz pulses inducing in-phase oscillations of the electron charge density around atomic centers, leading to a highly efficient interlayer spin transfer. Our results provide a new insight into ultrafast THz radiation control intralayer spin transfer and magnetic proximity dynamics in the 2D limit.
Relationship over southern China between the summer rainfall induced by tropical cyclones and that by monsoon

Abstract This study investigates the relationship between tropical cyclone–induced precipitation (P TC) and summer monsoon–induced precipitation (P SM) in southern China (SC) during June–August. The spatial patterns of the first interannual mode are uniform in sign over SC, with positive anomalies for P TC and negative anomalies for P SM. The background of an increase in cyclonic vorticity, an increase in RH, and a decrease in vertical wind shear over the South China Sea (SCS)–western north Pacific (WNP) provides favorable conditions for more TC genesis. The positive equatorial central Pacific SST anomaly and negative North Indian Ocean SST anomaly contribute to the anomalous cyclone over the SCS–WNP, which causes decreasing P SM in SC together with an anomalous anticyclone over eastern China–Japan. By contrast, whilst the spatial patterns of the first interdecadal mode are also uniform in sign over SC, there are positive anomalies for both P TC and P SM. The first interdecadal principal component features significant positive correlation with the number of TCs forming in the SCS. There is a significant increase in P TC and P SM after early 1990s. A positive tropical Indian Ocean (TIO) SST anomaly persists from the preceding winter to summer. During the preceding winter and spring after the early 1990s, a positive western Pacific SST anomaly can result in TIO SST warming through vertical circulation. Then, the positive TIO SST anomaly triggers an anomalous WNP anticyclone and contributes to the interdecadal increase in SC P SM in the succeeding summer. The persistent heating source over SC from May to summer related to an earlier onset of the SCS monsoon may strengthen the East Asian subtropical summer monsoon.
Fears and Concerns of Bystanders to Help People Injured in Traffic Accidents: A Qualitative Descriptive Study

In most traffic accidents, bystanders arrive at the scene before the rescuers. If they provide the right help, they can play an important and effective role in reducing the number of deaths and complications caused by these accidents. However, in many cases, fears and concerns prevent bystanders from providing assistance. This study aims to investigate and understand the fears and concerns of bystanders when they decide to help in traffic accidents. In 2022, this study was carried out in Iran using a qualitative content analysis approach. The data was collected through semistructured interviews. Participants were 15 males and females who had experience providing assistance in traffic accidents. Interviews, after digital recording, were transcribed verbatim. A purposeful and theoretical sampling method was performed. Data analysis and the determination of codes, categories, and subcategories were done using qualitative analysis software. O'Brien's qualitative research reporting standard was used. The results of the study include a category of fears and concerns and five subcategories. The subcategories include fear and concern caused by lack of information, fear of legal troubles, stress caused by previous experience, fear and anxiety caused by anticipation, and anxiety of unknown origin. The results of this study showed that some of the fears and concerns of the bystanders were related to a lack of information about providing assistance. By increasing bystanders' information about assistance, such as first aid training, fear and anxiety caused by a lack of information can be reduced. Another part of the fear and concern of bystanders is due to legal issues. Passing and implementing laws that protect bystanders can help reduce this fear and concern. Bystanders should be trained to provide assistance according to the rules of assistance so that they do not get into legal problems. A part of the bystander's fear and concern stems from their previous experiences providing assistance in traffic accidents. These experiences can also affect the fear and anxiety caused by anticipation. It is necessary to conduct more studies on the role of bystanders' experiences in creating fear and anxiety in them, as well as their effect on anticipatory fear.
Gamification as an Educational Approach for Oncological Patients: A Systematic Scoping Review

Background: Education plays a pivotal role in the care of oncological patients, reducing health costs, hospital readmission, and disease relapses. Education can be supportive in achieving multiple outcomes, improving symptom control and quality of life. A new approach is emerging in patient education: gamification. Gamification was defined as the “use of game elements in non-game contexts”, including the application of games in serious contexts. The aim of this review is to explore the use of gamification in the oncology setting. Methods: A systematic scoping review was conducted in the MEDLINE, CINAHL, PsychINFO, Embase, Scopus, and Cochrane Library databases using the JBI guidelines. Results: The 13 included reports were critically appraised by two reviewers independently. It seems that gamification could be effective both in prevention and cancer treatments. Gamification also seems to improve chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting management, quality of life, and reduced anxiety levels in different cancer groups. Moreover, gamification seems effective in improving self-care in cancer patients, regardless of gender, age, and ethnicity. Conclusions: Gamification improves patient engagement and biopsychosocial outcomes and could represent a valid approach to cancer patient education; however, it is not a substitute for healthcare professionals, who remain the leaders in the education process.
Emotion Recognition in Complex Classroom Scenes Based on Improved Convolutional Block Attention Module Algorithm

This study provides a deep learning-based intelligent recognition technology for student facial expressions in the classroom. This technology realizes the recognition of students’ facial expressions and provides a practical approach for classroom assessment and teacher improvement of teaching methods toward achieving smart education. An improved hybrid attention mechanism is designed for the student classroom. The facial expression recognition model addresses issues of instability in the recognition process of student facial expressions in the classroom, the high redundancy of parameters in traditional convolutional neural networks, and the long training time and slow convergence prone to overfitting. In the image modality data, this study proposes a hybrid attention mechanism in the deep neural network model before feature fusion to extract network features with stronger representational capability, enhance the prediction performance of deep neural networks, and improve the interpretability of the model. The improved hybrid attention mechanism is introduced into the deep neural network by modifying the convolutional block attention module with shortcut connections, deepening the network depth of the attention module and enabling it to learn the weight information among feature channels and spatial regions effectively. The proposed student facial expression recognition model achieves an accuracy of 88.71% on the publicly available RAF-DB dataset and an accuracy of 86.14% on the self-collected real classroom teaching video dataset. The proposed technology can be applied in the education field to evaluate student engagement automatically, provide personalized teaching guidance and learning analytics for teachers, and promote the development of intelligent education.
Micro-Doppler Curves Extraction Based on High-Order Particle Filter Track-Before Detect

Micro-Doppler (MD) radar signatures characterize rich motion information of the targets and are of great significance in target recognition. In this letter, we propose a novel high-order particle filter track-before-detect (PF-TBD) approach for the MD curves extraction. In the proposed approach, the sinusoidal Doppler frequency curve is treated as the state, whose dynamic model is described as a high-order Markov chain. First, the state equation is divided into two parts, the translational motion part represented as a first-order dynamic process and the micromotion part represented as a high-order dynamic process including static model parameters. Then, a kernel smoothing approach is introduced for the static model parameters estimation, and the auxiliary particle filter (APF) is utilized for the instantaneous Doppler curves extraction. Finally, the experiments on the electromagnetic analysis data are carried out to validate the performance of the proposed method.
Machine Learning applications for Cataclysmic Variable discovery in the ZTF alert stream

Cataclysmic variables (CV) encompass a diverse array of accreting white dwarf binary systems. Each class of CV represents a snapshot along an evolutionary journey, one with the potential to trigger a type Ia supernova event. The study of CVs offers valuable insights into binary evolution and accretion physics, with the rarest examples potentially providing the deepest insights. However, the escalating number of detected transients, coupled with our limited capacity to investigate them all, poses challenges in identifying such rarities. Machine Learning (ML) plays a pivotal role in addressing this issue by facilitating the categorisation of each detected transient into its respective transient class. Leveraging these techniques, we have developed a two-stage pipeline tailored to the ZTF transient alert stream. The first stage is an alerts filter aimed at removing non-CVs, while the latter is an ML classifier produced using XGBoost, achieving a macro average AUC score of 0.92 for distinguishing between CV classes. By utilising the Generative Topographic Mapping algorithm with classifier posterior probabilities as input, we obtain representations indicating that CV evolutionary factors play a role in classifier performance, while the associated feature maps present a potent tool for identifying the features deemed most relevant for distinguishing between classes. Implementation of the pipeline in June 2023 yielded 51 intriguing candidates that are yet to be reported as CVs or classified with further granularity. Our classifier represents a significant step in the discovery and classification of different CV classes, a domain of research still in its infancy.
The effectiveness of community friendship groups on participant social and mental health: a meta-analysis

Introduction Social disconnectedness and isolation are risk factors for poor mental health. Community-based friendship group interventions have been designed to increase an individual’s social capital and consequently their mental wellbeing. Structured and unstructured friendship groups reflect two distinct approaches to friendship group interventions. Methods This meta-analysis investigated whether structured or unstructured community friendship groups are more effective for mental health and social capital outcomes. A systematic search of quantitative studies was conducted across seven databases and study quality was assessed using the Effective Public Health Practice Project (EPHPP) tool. Eight studies (2 unstructured and 6 structured friendship groups) were included in the review, published between 2005 and 2020. Results Structured friendship groups had a small significant effect on reducing participant depression symptoms. There was not enough available data to compare the effectiveness of structured and unstructured groups for mental health outcomes. There was substantial heterogeneity between studies to calculate pooled effect sizes for any social capital outcomes. Data synthesis indicated mixed reviews for social capital outcomes, likely due to the large heterogeneity and limited studies. Discussion This meta-analysis provides limited support for positive mental health outcomes following structured community-based friendship group interventions. There is a need for additional research as a large research gap remains, particularly for unstructured friendship groups. Systematic Review Registration https://www.crd. york.ac. uk/prospero/display_record. php? RecordID=260639, CRD42021260639.
Longitudinal Study of Antibiotic Resistance of Staphylococci from Cases of Subclinical Mastitis in Sheep in Greece: Incidence and Risk Factors

The present paper extends a previous publication on a field study of subclinical mastitis in sheep and focuses on the following laboratory characteristics of the staphylococcal isolates: antibiotic resistance and association with biofilm formation. The specific objectives of the present study were (a) to describe the incidence of isolation of antibiotic-resistant staphylococci from cases of mastitis throughout the milking period in dairy sheep flocks and (b) to identify relevant risk factors, which would contribute to the sustainable control of the infection. Staphylococcal isolates from subclinical mastitis were evaluated for antibiotic resistance to 18 antibiotics. Antibiotic resistance was detected in 57 of the 179 staphylococcal isolates from subclinical mastitis (31.8%). Resistance was recorded against 11 antibiotics, most often against ampicillin (63.2% of resistant isolates), penicillin (63.2%) and tetracycline (47.4%). Isolates resistant to ampicillin and penicillin were recovered in all 12 farms. Twenty-one multidrug-resistant isolates (11.7%) were also recovered. The incidence risk of isolation of staphylococci resistant to at least one (any) antibiotic throughout the study period was 23.8%. The incidence risk of isolation of staphylococci resistant to oxacillin was 5.0%; that of isolation of multidrug-resistant staphylococci was 8.8%. With regard to increased incidence risk of isolation of staphylococci resistant to at least one (any) antibiotic and increased incidence risk of isolation of staphylococci resistant to oxacillin, the omission of anti-staphylococcal mastitis vaccination of ewes emerged as a risk factor. With regard to increased incidence risk of isolation of multidrug-resistant staphylococci, the following variables emerged as risk factors: (a) higher number of antibiotics used on the farm for the treatment of mastitis and (b) younger age of lambs taken away from their dam. Most biofilm-forming antibiotic-resistant staphylococci were recovered from farms where anti-staphylococcal mastitis vaccination was not applied (55.9% versus 44.1% from farms where anti-staphylococcal mastitis vaccination was applied).
The Interpretation of Seismic Reflection Data from the Western Platform Region of Taranaki Basin

The western-most region of Taranaki Basin, the Western Platform, has a stratigraphy which permits subdivision into major seismic units. The reflectors separating these units are easily identifiable. Each of the units and reflectors has typical reflection characteristics which are often correlatable with the lithology of the unit. Lateral velocity variations, caused by lateral deposition and compaction variations in prograding sequences, area major problem in developing depth conversion models for this region. Analysis of travel time data from wells shows that velocity variations in both the Oligocene-Miocene and Pliocene-Pleistocene sequences are predictable from the thickness variations of the units (and hence from interval travel times). The imerval velocity variations of the Paleocene-Eocene transgressive sequence are dependent on the overburden history and lithology of the unit.
3D-Printed Hydrogel for Diverse Applications: A Review

Hydrogels have emerged as a versatile and promising class of materials in the field of 3D printing, offering unique properties suitable for various applications. This review delves into the intersection of hydrogels and 3D printing, exploring current research, technological advancements, and future directions. It starts with an overview of hydrogel basics, including composition and properties, and details various hydrogel materials used in 3D printing. The review explores diverse 3D printing methods for hydrogels, discussing their advantages and limitations. It emphasizes the integration of 3D-printed hydrogels in biomedical engineering, showcasing its role in tissue engineering, regenerative medicine, and drug delivery. Beyond healthcare, it also examines their applications in the food, cosmetics, and electronics industries. Challenges like resolution limitations and scalability are addressed. The review predicts future trends in material development, printing techniques, and novel applications.
Investigation of the effects of intracameral carbachol on oxidative stress and apoptosis in rat corneas

Purpose: Our study aims to investigate the effects of intracameral carbachol on oxidative stress and apoptosis in rat corneas. Methods: In this experimental study, 28 Wistar albino male rats were used. There were 9 rats in the carbachol group, 9 in the balanced salt solution (BSS) group, and 10 in the sham group. The carbachol group was injected with 0.01 cc of carbachol, and 0.01 cc of BSS was injected intracamerally into the BSS group. No drug was injected into the sham group, but the anterior chamber was entered with an empty syringe. Blood serum samples and corneas of rats were taken 1 week later. Caspase-3 and caspase-8 were immunohistochemically examined in rat corneal endothelial to investigate apoptosis. To determine oxidative stress in corneal endothelial tissue and serum, total antioxidant status (TAS), total oxidant stress (TOS), oxidative stress index (OSI), arylesterase (ARES), and paraoxonase (PON) levels were measured. Results: The mean OSI values in the rat serum of the carbachol group were significantly lower than those of the sham and BSS groups (P = 0.05 and P = 0.004, respectively). The mean TOS value of the carbachol group’s rat serum was significantly lower than the mean of the BSS group (P = 0.001). There was no significant difference in the mean TAS, TOS, OSI, ARES, and PON levels from the rat cornea of the carbachol, BSS, and sham groups (P > 0.05). All corneas in the carbachol group were caspase-3 negative, and a statistically significant difference was found among the sham, BSS, and carbachol groups (P = 0.002). No significant difference was observed among the sham, BSS, and carbachol corneas in caspase-8 staining (P = 0.094). Conclusion: Our study demonstrates that intracameral carbachol is a safe intracameral drug. Carbachol reduced oxidative stress in rat serum compared to rats injected with BSS and the sham group. In addition, carbachol did not increase oxidative stress in rat corneas compared to the BSS and sham groups. Similarly, immunohistochemical examination showed that carbachol did not increase apoptosis in rat corneas and had a protective effect.
Three Sib-Pairs of Autopsy-Confirmed Progressive Supranuclear Palsy (P5.248)

OBJECTIVE: To identify pathologically confirmed progressive supranuclear palsy (PSP) cases with family history of PSP and to evaluate the clinical, pathological, and genetic features of these cases. DESIGN/METHODS: We searched the Mayo Clinic clinical database and the PSP Brain Bank at the Mayo Clinic in Jacksonville, FL for available clinical information and tissue samples from cases diagnosed between 1998 and 2013. Slides were examined with standard histologic and immunohistochemistry methods including staining with the tau antibody. We performed sequencing analyses on MAPT gene on three sib-pairs. RESULTS: We identified 12 pathologically confirmed PSP index cases with a family history of PSP including one sib-pair who appeared to us which they were alive. Among them were three PSP sib-pairs from three independent families. Two families showed a potential autosomal dominant inheritance. The mean age at onset in one family was 41 years, and in the other families it was 76 years. The pathology of all cases was consistent with PSP. Genetic sequencing of MAPT revealed a p.S285R mutation in two siblings from one family, while MAPT mutations were excluded in the other two families. CONCLUSIONS: Affected members from all three families presented classical clinical and pathological PSP features. However, the age at onset in a sib-pair carrying a MAPT mutation was younger than typical. Future studies are warranted on our MAPT mutation negative families with the goal of identifying a novel gene for PSP associated with late-onset and typical tau pathology. Study Supported By: P50NS72187; the Family of Carl Edward Bolch, Jr. and Susan Bass Bolch; the Society for PSP and the Mayo Foundation for Research and Education and the Max Kade Foundation. Disclosure: Dr. Fujioka has nothing to disclose. Dr. Sanchez Contreras has nothing to disclose. Dr. Strongosky has received personal compensation for activities with Novartis, Eisai Inc., and the ANS. Dr. Ogaki has nothing to disclose. Dr. Whaley has nothing to disclose. Dr. Tacik has nothing to disclose. Dr. Van Gerpen has nothing to disclose. Dr. Uitti has received personal compensation in an editorial capacity for Neurology. Dr. Uitti has received research support from the National Institute for Neurological Disorders and Stroke, Mayo Clinic, and St. Jude Medical. Dr. Ross has nothing to disclose. Dr. Wszolek has received personal compensation in an editorial capacity for Parkinsonism and Related Disorders, and for the European Journal of Neurology. Dr. Wszolek has received license fee payments from Mayo Clinic. Dr. Wright has received research support from the National Institutes of Health, Mayo Clinic Florida, and the Dystonia Medical Research Foundation. Dr. Rademakers has nothing to disclose. Dr. Dickson has received personal compensation for activities with Neotope, Inc. as a consultant.
UvA-DARE (Digital Academic Repository) Values in international political speeches: Investigating their production, content, madia coverage, and impact

The presence of values in political speeches and how those values are depicted by journalists in the news are important factors contributing towards the formation of public opinion. A content analysis of online news articles from 10 countries spanning a decade was conducted to investigate these factors and how they differ between developed and developing countries. Combining the Basic Human Values Model with the concept of journalism practices of developed and developing countries, we found that although the top four values were the same for both developed and developing countries, further analysis revealed some significant differences. We also found significant differences in terms of the tone attached to those values which imply that although the journalists of developed and developing countries select similar values, they depict them differently due to the differences in journalism practices in particular parts of the world.