Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
A Time-constraint Satisfying and Cost-reducing node evaluation metric for Message Routing in Mobile Crowd Sensing Networks

In mobile crowd sensing networks data forwarding through opportunistic contacts between participants. Data is replicated to encountered participants. For optimizing data delivery ratio and reducing redundant data a lot of data forwarding schemes, which selectively replicate data to encountered participants through node's data forwarding metric are proposed. However most of them neglect a kind of redundant data whose Time-To-Live is expired. For reducing this kind of redundant data we proposed a new method to evaluate node's data forwarding metric, which is used to measure the node's probability of forwarding data to destination within data's constraint time. The method is divided into two parts. The first is evaluating nodes whether have possibility to contact destination within time constraint based on transient cluster. We propose a method to detect node's transient cluster, which is based on node's contact rate. Only node, which has possibility to contact destination, has chances to the second step. It effectively reduces the computational complexity. The second is calculating data forwarding probability of node to destination according to individual ICT (inter contact time) distribution. Evaluation results show that our proposed transient cluster detection method is more simple and quick. And from two aspects of data delivery ratio and network overhead our approach outperforms other existing data forwarding approach.
Mucin-Related Epitopes Distinguish M Cells and Enterocytes in Rabbit Appendix and Peyer’s Patches

ABSTRACT The biochemical composition of the apical membranes of epithelial M cells overlying the gut-associated lymphoid tissues (GALT) is still largely unknown. We have prepared monoclonal antibodies (MAbs) directed against carbonate-washed plasma membranes from epithelial cells detached with EDTA from rabbit appendix, a tissue particularly rich in GALT. As determined by immunofluorescence microscopy, several MAbs specifically recognized either M cells or enterocyte-like cells of the domes from rabbit appendix, sacculus rotundus, and Peyer’s patches. M cells were identified by their large ventral pocket containing lymphoid cells and by specific labeling with antivimentin. Among various characterized MAbs, MAb 104 recognized rabbit immunoglobulins and was used as an apical marker for M cells in the rabbit appendix, MAb 58 selectively stained an integral membrane glycoprotein of greater than 205 kDa located at the apex of M cells, and MAb 214 stained a smaller soluble glycoprotein associated with the apical surfaces from neighboring enterocytes. In addition, both MAbs 58 and 214 also labeled luminal mucus and secretory granules in goblet cells. The selective association of mucin-related molecules at the surfaces of either M cells or enterocyte-like cells of the follicle-associated epithelium suggests that specific carbohydrate antigens are differentially expressed by epithelial cells and could account for the differential binding properties of pathogens.
A five-level approach to the large-scale development and delivery of online programs

RMIT has embarked on a flexible delivery program that requires all of its courses to have an appropriate online presence by the end of 2002. A program of this scale can only be carried out with considerable involvement of academic staff, beyond their role as content providers. This paper describes a 5-level approach used in the Faculty of Applied Science. The first level provides basic course and administrative information and requires minimal resources. Higher levels address fully online, pedagogically sound delivery, but require considerable more expertise and resources for development and delivery. This model allows staff to be involved early, and for courses to be developed to higher levels of learning support as staff members gain experience and develop their capabilities. Overall, the approach leads to earlier benefit to students, through earlier access to useful online information, and better use of resources in the long-term as academic staff evolve a better understanding of what is possible and what is desirable in a more sophisticated online learning environment.
Potential Contribution by Nontypable Haemophilus influenzae in Protracted and Recurrent Acute Otitis Media

Background: Characterization of acute otitis media (AOM) caused by nontypable Haemophilus influenzae (NTHi) is important, particularly in view of the efforts to develop vaccines against NTHi. To characterize NTHi AOM a large database of culture-positive AOM cases was analyzed. Methods: All culture-positive AOM episodes (NTHi, Streptococcus pneumoniae, Moraxella catarrhalis, and Streptococcus pyogenes) in children <5 years old from 1999 through 2006, processed in our center were included. One isolate was counted per episode (≤30 days). Demographic and clinical data were retrieved from charts or by telephone interviews. Multivariable regression analysis models were used. Results: Twelve thousand eight hundred twenty-three (8145 culture-positive) episodes were included. NTHi was recovered in 4928 episodes; S. pneumoniae in 4399 episodes, M. catarrhalis in 499, and S. pyogenes in 447 episodes. Independent risk factors for NTHi AOM (in culture-positive episodes) were: winter (odds ratio [OR]: 1.2, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.05–1.33, P = 0.006); bilateral AOM (OR: 1.26, 95% CI: 1.12–1.42, P < 0.001); >3 previous AOM episodes (OR: 1.27, 95% CI: 1.11–1.47, P = 0.001); and antibiotic consumption in previous month (OR: 1.3, 95% CI: 1.15–1.46, P < 0.001). ORs for these variables remained significant when the analysis was conducted on single-pathogen AOM only. For both NTHi and S. pneumoniae, risk factors for mixed episodes were older age and bilateral AOM. Conclusion: NTHi AOM is characterized by higher occurrence in winter, bilaterality, recurrence, and previous antibiotic treatment compared with that caused by S. pneumoniae. These findings are in agreement with data associating NTHi with protracted or recurrent morbidity. The finding that S. pneumoniae and NTHi mixed episodes are more likely to occur in older children and in bilateral AOM suggests that interaction between these 2 pathogens contributes to chronicity or complexity of AOM.
Opportunistic routing with Adaptive Harvesting-aware Duty Cycling in energy harvesting WSN

With recent advances, the trend has shifted from battery-powered wireless sensor networks towards ones powered by ambient energy harvesters (WSN-HEAP). In such networks, operability of the node is dependent on the harvesting rate which is usually stochastic in nature. Therefore, it is necessary to devise routing protocols with energy management capabilities that consider variations in the availability of the environmental energy. In this paper, we design OR-AHaD, an Opportunistic Routing algorithm with Adaptive Harvesting-aware Duty Cycling. In the proposed algorithm, candidates are primarily prioritized by applying geographical zoning and later coordinated in a timer-based fashion by exchanging coordination messages. An energy management model is presented that uses the estimated harvesting rate in the near future to adjust the duty cycle of each node adaptively. Simulation results show that OR-AHaD exploits the available energy resources in an efficient way and increases goodput in comparison to other opportunistic routing protocols for WSN-HEAP.
Polymeric Scaffolds for Tissue Engineering

1 Key Laboratory for Biomechanics andMechanobiology ofMinistry of Education, School of Biological Science andMedical Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing 100191, China 2Department of Biomedical Materials and Engineering, Graduate School of Dental Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 060-8586, Japan 3 School of Mechanical & Aerospace Engineering, Queen’s University of Belfast, Belfast BT9 5AH, UK
Asthma Exacerbation After Administration of Nicotine Nasal Spray for Smoking Cessation

A 58‐year‐old man experienced an asthma exacerbation after administration of nicotine nasal spray for smoking cessation. His medical history was significant for asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, hypertension, and tobacco use when he was prescribed nicotine nasal spray for smoking cessation in an outpatient setting. Within the first 3 days of administering the spray, he developed wheezing, coughing, and significant shortness of breath, which required hospitalization. The patient was hospitalized for 48 hours and discharged with a diagnosis of asthma exacerbation probably related to administration of nicotine nasal spray. Prudent administration of nicotine nasal spray is recommended in patients with underlying respiratory disease. Patients should be counseled on the potential adverse effects of treatment and proper administration techniques in order to minimize these effects.
Immunohistochemical Characterization of Five Types of Lymphoid Neoplasms in Calves

Five types of lymphoid neoplasms in calves are described. Four cases with clinicopathologic features of the “calf form of lymphoma” were diagnosed as precursor B or T lymphoblastic leukemia. These neoplasms were positive for terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase (TdT), a marker for immature lymphocytes. The fifth case (thymic B cell lymphoma) was also TdT positive, but was characterized by massive neoplastic involvement of the thymus. The sixth case involved bovine leukemia virus (BLV). As in the majority of previously reported BLV-associated cases, the neoplastic cells expressed CD5, and atypical giant cells were detected. Instead of enzootic bovine leukosis, in which at least two immunophenotypically distinct entities are included, a diagnosis of BLV-associated pleomorphic B-1 B cell lymphoma was made. The last case, involving an epitheliotropic γδ T cell lymphoma, was characterized by epitheliotropism in the gastrointestinal tract and WC1 expression. Since several histologic types of lymphoid neoplasm occur in calves, the term “calf form of lymphoma” should be abandoned for accurate diagnosis.
VLSI circuit complexity and decoding performance analysis for low-power RSC turbo-code and iterative block decoders design

A VLSI circuit complexity analysis for low-power decoder designs is presented. Two low-complexity adaptive decoder architectures incorporating the recursive systematic codes (turbo-codes) and block-codes are considered in this paper. The system performance degradation due to the algorithm approximations for realizing the low complexity decoders is also investigated. The decoders are implemented with 0.6-/spl mu/m CMOS standard cell technology where their power dissipation and size information are obtained. Furthermore, the issues concerning the throughput and latency of the decoder architectures are discussed. This study provides insights into system design trade-offs involving low-power VLSI decoders for portable wireless mobile communication systems.
Effect of pH on the Microbial Community Structure of SBBR Autotrophic Nitrogen Removal Process

PCR-DGGE was applied to analyze the relationship between pH and the microbial community structure of Sequence Batch Biofilm Reactor (SBBR) autotrophic nitrogen removal process. The reactor was possessed of a high nitrogen removal efficiency at pH=8.0 where the similarity of microbial community structure between active sludge and biofilm samples was the lowest about 84.6% and the richness of bacterial community was the most abundant in biofilm compared with other pH conditions. pH=7.0 was good for the microbes in active sludge but unfavorable for anaerobic bacteria. At pH=9.0, the effects were presented with both bacterial activities and microbial community structure and when pH=6.0 the amount of microbial types dramatically dropped
Polypyrimidine Tract Binding Protein-1 (PTB1) Is a Determinant of the Tissue and Host Tropism of a Human Rhinovirus/Poliovirus Chimera PV1(RIPO)

The internal ribosomal entry site (IRES) of picornavirus genomes serves as the nucleation site of a highly structured ribonucleoprotein complex essential to the binding of the 40S ribosomal subunit and initiation of viral protein translation. The transition from naked RNA to a functional "IRESome" complex are poorly understood, involving the folding of secondary and tertiary RNA structure, facilitated by a tightly concerted binding of various host cell proteins that are commonly referred to as IRES trans-acting factors (ITAFs). Here we have investigated the influence of one ITAF, the polypyrimidine tract-binding protein 1 (PTB1), on the tropism of PV1(RIPO), a chimeric poliovirus in which translation of the poliovirus polyprotein is under the control of a human rhinovirus type 2 (HRV2) IRES element. We show that PV1(RIPO)'s growth defect in restrictive mouse cells is partly due to the inability of its IRES to interact with endogenous murine PTB. Over-expression of human PTB1 stimulated the HRV2 IRES-mediated translation, resulting in increased growth of PV1(RIPO) in murine cells and human neuronal SK-N-MC cells. Mutations within the PV1(RIPO) IRES, selected to grow in restrictive mouse cells, eliminated the human PTB1 supplementation requirement, by restoring the ability of the IRES to interact with endogenous murine PTB. In combination with our previous findings these results give a compelling insight into the thermodynamic behavior of IRES structures. We have uncovered three distinct thermodynamic aspects of IRES formation which may independently contribute to overcome the observed PV1(RIPO) IRES block by lowering the free energy δG of the IRESome formation, and stabilizing the correct and functional structure: 1) lowering the growth temperature, 2) modifying the complement of ITAFs in restricted cells, or 3) selection of adaptive mutations. All three mechanisms can conceivably modulate the thermodynamics of RNA folding, and thus facilitate and stabilize the functional IRES structure.
Sensitive Topic Detection Model Based on Collaboration of Dynamic Case Knowledge Base

In order to detect and rank sensitive topic in campus network and assure health and security of campus network culture, this paper proposes a sensitive topic detection model. Different from traditional TDT (topic detection and tracking) technologies, the model is based on collaboration of dynamic case knowledge base and multi-domain cooperative computing method. Dynamically nature of topic causes great difficulties in sensitive topic detection with traditional method. Our solution is as follows. Firstly, we extract representative sensitive topics as cases and construct initial hierarchical semantic tree stored in dynamic case knowledge base. Secondly, we find out new sensitive topic or new event related to historical case and rank it according to case alert degree based on dynamic case knowledge base. Finally, dynamic case knowledge bases distributed in each domain cooperates with each other based on collaborative information scheduling. Experiments and practical application in several colleges and universities show that our model is effectiveness and efficiency.
A cross-layer scheduling scheme for wireless multimedia transmissions with adaptive modulation and coding

It is a big challenge to design an effective scheduling algorithm for multimedia transmissions over a wireless channel that employs adaptive modulation and coding (AMC). On one hand, the scheduling algorithm needs to schedule user transmissions by taking advantages of the channel diversity so that the overall system performance can be improved. On the other hand, the algorithm also needs to maintain fairness among users and to provide QoS guarantee based on user requirements. In this paper, we propose a novel scheduling algorithm called QoS-based cross-layer scheduling algorithm (QoS-CLS) to address the aforementioned issues. To maximize the system throughput, the algorithm takes into consideration both the physical layer and data link layer information to schedule user transmissions. Using the cross-layer information, the scheduling problem is formulated into a Markov decision process (MDP) and the optimum decision policy (based on the channel status, traffic state and buffer status of each traffic flow) is precalculated by linear programming and stored in the system for scheduling in real-time. Results show that QoS-CLS can greatly enhance the channel throughput compared to the opportunistic scheduling algorithm because of its cross-layer QoS consideration and the optimization method. Moreover, it can provide QoS guarantee and facilitate resource sharing among different traffic flows.
BiP forms stable complexes with unassembled subunits of the acetylcholine receptor in transfected COS cells and in C2 muscle cells

We have investigated the role of the immunoglobulin-binding protein (BiP) in the folding and assembly of subunits of the acetylcholine receptor (AChR) in COS cells and in C2 muscle cells. Immunoprecipitation in COS cells showed that alpha, beta, and delta subunits are associated with BiP. In the case of the alpha subunit, which first folds to acquire toxin-binding activity and is then assembled with the other subunits to form the AChR, BiP was associated only with a form that is unassembled and does not bind alpha- bungarotoxin. Similar results were found in C2 cells. Although the alpha and beta subunits of the AChR are minor membrane proteins in C2 cells, they were prominent among the proteins immunoprecipitated by antibodies to BiP, suggesting that BiP could play a role in their maturation or folding. In pulse-chase experiments in C2 cells, however, labeled alpha subunit formed a stable complex with BiP that was first detected after most of the alpha subunit had acquired toxin-binding activity and whose amount continued to increase for several hours. These kinetics are not compatible with a role for the BiP complex in the folding or assembly pathway of the AChR, and suggest that BiP is associated with a misfolded form of the subunit that is slowly degraded.
Rateless Slepian-Wolf Codes

The design and optimization of rateless codes for Slepian-Wolf encoding are considered. Rateless codes are pro- posed to address two shortcomings of currently available Slepian- Wolf schemes: their fragility to changing source statistics, and their inability to guarantee successful decoding for practical block length. We propose a novel type of optimized rateless code, called a Matrioshka code, to deal with the particular conditions of Slepian-Wolf encoding.
Non-destructive evaluation (NDE) of composites: digital shearography

Abstract: The increasing usage of composite materials has called for more effective techniques for inspecting the integrity of composite structures, as composite materials generally have higher likelihood of having material imperfections. This chapter reviews shearography and its applications in non-destructive testing. Shearography is an interferometric technique for full-field, non-contacting measurement of surface deformation (displacement or strain). It was developed to overcome several limitations of holography by eliminating the reference beam. Consequently, it is less sensitive to environmental disturbances and is a practical tool that can be used in field/factory settings. In non-destructive testing, shearography reveals defects in an object by identifying defect-induced deformation anomalies. Shearography has already received considerable industrial acceptance, in particular, for nondestructive testing of tires and aerospace structures. Other applications of shearography include strain measurement, material characterization, residual stress evaluation, leak detection, hermetic seal evaluation, vibration studies and 3D shape measurement. This chapter focuses on its application in non-destructive testing with an emphasis on composite materials.
Stabilization Through Hybrid Control

This chapter addresses the problem of controlling a dynamical process using a hybrid controller, i.e., a controller that combines continuous dynamics with discrete logic. Typically, the discrete logic is used to effectively switch between several continuous controls laws and is called a supervisor. We review several tools that can be found in the literature to design this type of hybrid controllers and to analyze the resulting closed-loop system. We illustrate how these tools can be utilized through two case studies.
Non-sarcomeric mode of myosin II organization in the fibroblast lamellum

The organization of myosin in the fibroblast lamellum was studied by correlative fluorescence and electron microscopy after a novel procedure to reveal its underlying morphology. An X-rhodamine analog of conventional smooth muscle myosin (myosin II) that colocalized after microinjection with endogenous myosin was used to trace myosin distribution in living fibroblasts. Then, the same cells were examined by EM of platinum replicas. To visualize the structural arrangement of myosin, other cytoskeletal fibrillar structures had to be removed: microtubules were depolymerized by nocodazole treatment of the living cells before injection of myosin; continued nocodazole treatment also induced the intermediate filaments to concentrate near the nucleus, thus removing them from the lamellar region; actin filaments were removed after lysis of the cells by incubation of the cytoskeletons with recombinant gelsolin. Possible changes in myosin organization caused by this treatment were examined by fluorescence microscopy. No significant differences in myosin distribution patterns between nocodazole-treated and control cells were observed. Cell lysis and depletion of actin also did not induce reorganization of myosin as was shown by direct comparison of myosin distribution in the same cells in the living state and after gelsolin treatment. EM of the well-spread, peripheral regions of actin-depleted cytoskeletons revealed a network of bipolar myosin mini-filaments, contracting each other at their terminal, globular regions. The morphology of this network corresponded well to the myosin distribution observed by fluorescence microscopy. A novel mechanism of cell contraction by folding of the myosin filament network is proposed.