Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Fast Retrieval of Information from Server by Developing Novel Multiprocessor Architecture

Achieving Parallelism is now a necessity to improve the performance of computer system. One of the main Issues is how to effectively utilized parallel computer that have become increasingly complex. It is estimated that many modern supercomputers and parallel processor deliver only 10 percent or less of their peak performance potential in a variety of applications. Yet high performance degradation are many. Performance losses occur because of mismatches among applications software and hardware. Research is active in the direction of developing new multiprocessor architectures and schedule the partitioned program on to it to achieve higher performance. [1, 3, 4] In this paper, effort concentrated on the Study of all factors for developing a novel multiprocessor Architecture and after developing we will evaluate the performance of a multiprocessor architecture for server and networking with simulation study and to schedule the arriving load on to it in order to achieve higher performance. The other important issue are accessing delay and downloading the information while using multiprocessor technique. comparable with similar architecture. In addition to designing an appropriate network, the efficient management of parallelism on the network involves optimizing performance needs , like the minimization of communication and scheduling over head. A simulation studies are carried out to compare the performance of different multiprocessor architecture (such as LEC, LET, Hypercube, Debruinju etc) with the various standard dynamic scheduling algorithms like Sender initiated diffusion (SID), receiver initiated diffusion(RID) etc . The simulation result will show that our Multiprocessor architecture (linearly extensible triangle) gives better performance as compare to other existing multiprocessor architecture with low cost and reduce the load balancing time and scheduling over head.
Novel Clonal Selection Algorithm Improving Selection Operator

To optimize the search of the clonal selection algorithm for the optimal solution, the selection operator is improved and a novel clonal selection algorithm is designed. The selection operator is compared with such selection operators as Roulette Wheel Selection operator, Tournament Selection operator, and Sampling Selection operator. The selection operator is improved to increase the accuracy and efficiency for finding the optimal solutions. The experimental results show that the novel clonal selection algorithm performs better than the traditional clonal selection algorithm due to the adjustment of the selection operator.
Key Recovery Using Noised Secret Sharing with Discounts over Large Clouds

Encryption key loss problem is the Achilles's heel of cryptography. Key escrow helps, but favors disclosures. Schemes for recoverable encryption keys through noised secret sharing alleviate the dilemma. Key owner escrows a specifically encrypted backup. The recovery needs a large cloud. Cloud cost, money trail should rarefy illegal attempts. We now propose noised secret sharing schemes supporting discounts. The recovery request with discount code lowers the recovery complexity, easily by orders of magnitude. A smaller cloud may suffice for the same recovery timing. Alternatively, same cloud may provide faster recovery etc. Our schemes appear useful for users attracted to Big Data, but afraid of possibly humongous consequences of the key loss or data disclosure.
Compositional and Failure Analysis of Polymers: A Practical Approach

A Methodology for Solving Polymer Problems. Sampling and Sample Preparation. Microscopy of Polymers. Fourier-Transform Infrared Spectroscopic Analysis Methods for Polymers. Thermal Analysis of Polymers. Identification and Analysis of Polymers. Analysis of Blends, Copolymers and Oligomers. Identification and Analysis of Thermoset Elastomers. Analysis of 'Difficult' or Intractable Polymer Samples. Analysis of Additives in Polymers and Elastomers. Analysis of Contaminants and Inclusions in Polymers. Mechanical Failure Mechanisms of Polymers. Chemical Attack of Polymers. Oxidative Degradation of Polymers. Failure of Fibre-Reinforced Composites. Problems Related to Additives in Polymers. Weathering of Polymers. Environmental Stress Cracking of Polymers. Residual Stresses and Weld Lines in Polymers. Odour, Tainting and Outgassing Problems with Polymers. Adhesion Problems with Polymers and Interfaces. Voids, Blisters and Surface Defects. Discoloration of Polymers. Index.
Vertical focusing device utilizing dielectrophoretic force and its application on microflow cytometer

Focusing of particles/cells in the vertical direction inside a micromachined flow cytometer is a critical issue while using an embedded optical detection system aligned with microchannels. Even if the particles/cells have been focused centrally in the horizontal direction using coplanar sheath flows, appreciable errors may still arise if they are randomly distributed in the vertical direction. This work presents a vertical focusing device utilizing dielectrophoretic (DEP) forces and its application on micromachined flow cytometer. A pair of parallel microelectrodes is deposited on the upper and bottom surface of the microfluidic channel to drive particles/cells into the vertical center of the sample flow. This new microfluidic device is capable of three-dimensional (3-D) focusing of microparticles/cells and thus improves the uniformity of the optical detection signals. This 3-D focusing feature of the sample flow is realized utilizing the combination of dielectrophoretic and hydrodynamic forces. Initially, two sheath flows are used to focus the sample flow horizontally by means of hydrodynamic forces, and then two embedded planar electrodes apply negative DEP forces to focus the particles/cells vertically. A new micromachined flow cytometer integrated with an embedded optical detection mechanism is then demonstrated. Numerical simulation is used to analyze the operation conditions and the dimension of the microelectrodes for DEP manipulation. The dynamic trace of the moving particles/cells within a flow stream under the DEP manipulation is calculated numerically. Micro polystyrene beads and diluted human red blood cells (RBC) are used to test the performance of the proposed device. The experimental results confirm the suitability of the proposed device for applications requiring precise counting of particles or cells. Experimental data indicates the proposed method can provide more stable signals over the other types of micromachined flow cytometers that were previously reported.
Data allocation in a Heterogeneous Disk Array (HDA) with multiple RAID levels for database applications

We consider the allocation of Virtual Arrays (VAs) in a Heterogeneous Disk Array (HDA). Each VA holds groups of related objects and datasets such as files, relational tables, which has similar performance and availability characteristics. We evaluate single-pass data allocation methods for HDA using a synthetic stream of allocation requests, where each VA is characterized by its RAID level, disk loads and space requirements. The goal is to maximize the number of allocated VAs and maintain high disk bandwidth and capacity utilization, while balancing disk loads. Although only RAID1 (basic mirroring) and RAID5 (rotated parity arrays) are considered in the experimental study, we develop the analysis required to estimate disk loads for other RAID levels. Since VA loads vary significantly over time, the VA allocation is carried out at the peak load period, while ensuring that disk bandwidth is not exceeded at other high load periods. Experimental results with a synthetic stream of allocation requests show that allocation methods minimizing the maximum disk bandwidth and capacity utilization or their variance across all disks yield the maximum number of allocated VAs. HDA saves disk bandwidth, since a single RAID level accommodating the most stringent availability requirements for a small subset of objects would incur an unnecessarily high overhead for updating check blocks or data replicas for all objects. The number of allocated VAs can be increased by adopting the clustered RAID5 paradigm, which exploits the tradeoff between redundancy and bandwidth utilization. Since rebuild can be carried out at the level of individual VAs, prioritizing rebuild of VAs with higher access rates can improve overall performance.
Visualisation and Analysis of Multiuser Gaze Data: Eye Tracking Usability Studies in the Special Context of E-learning

Current visualization methods of gaze data may lead to unspecific interpretation in form of ambiguous or inconsistent results during the final analysis process. It is not infrequent that inappropriate visualizations mislead researchers and provoke false conclusions of academic as well as economic studies. The most common visualization methods for cumulative gaze data are heatmaps as well as gaze plots. The former is suitable for an overview of eye movements' intensities, density as well as the general distribution of the learner's visual attention. However, this visualization method neglects fundamental information for example about the temporal distribution (order of fixation/saccades), general traceability of gaze, (cumulative) start as well as end of learner's visual explorations and additional information about visual transitions between areas of interest (AOI). The second considers most of the above mentioned aspects, however cannot be fully applied due its insufficient form of representation for multiuser-gaze data. The second topic of my PhD concerns the linking of eye tracking studies' results to e-learning technologies. Eye tracking research has been largely adapted to marketing or human-computer-interaction in general - however it has not been commonly used for learning technologies or e-learning applications in particular. Furthermore the reliability of existing eye tracking studies (within both and economic settings) may be impaired due to ambiguous interpretation. It is a general issue that the analysis process of these eye tracking results is not carried out by basic guidelines or (internationally approved) standards. An aim of my dissertation is to develop a practical framework respectively a set of guidelines for the interpretation process in order to minimize ambiguity during analysis of gaze data. As a side effect this framework should contribute to the improvement of the learning technologies' quality.
Developmental profile of prolactin cells in the anterior pituitary of postnatal rats during the lactational stage.

Changes in prolactin (PRL)-, growth hormone (GH)- and PRL/GH-containing cells in the anterior pituitary of pre- and postnatal male and female rats were determined using immunocytochemistry with double fluorescent antibodies. The pituitary glands from a fetus on Day 20 of gestation and pups on Days 0, 1, 4, 7, 12, and 20 of the postnatal period with sex distinction were monodispersed and subjected to immunocytochemistry. Following immunostaining, the three types of cells described above were counted (i.e., only PRL-, only GH-, and both PRL and GH-positive cells in a visual field of microscope). Anterior pituitaries and blood were obtained from pups on Days 0, 1, 4, 7, 12, and 20 after birth and pooled with sex distinction, and bioactive PRL levels in the anterior pituitary and serum were measured using an Nb2 rat lymphoma cell bioassay. Double fluorescent-labeled immunocytochemistry was able to distinguish reliably between PRL-, GH-, and PRL/GH-containing cells. The PRL cells increased rapidly after parturition to 4 days of age and after 12 days of age in both genders. The latter increase was involved in the remarkable increase of PRL/GH-containing cells, which were first found at term and remained at low levels until 12 days of age. The weight and PRL level of the anterior pituitary increased in both sexes throughout the lactational stage, but the levels in female rats at 20 days of age were significantly greater than those of male rats. Serum PRL concentration remained at low levels except on Day 0. The present results demonstrate that the development of PRL-containing cells in postnatal rats during the lactational period is activated with two distinct stages, at term to Day 4 and after Day 12, and the development in the latter stage is involved with sexual dimorphism.
Maintenance and abstraction of program data using formal transformations

The authors present the DREAM (Data Reverse Engineering and Abstraction Mechanism) method for restructuring program data to meet the changing demands upon it. It is important that data changes are made correctly to avoid undesirable effects on the operation of the program and to minimise effort in maintenance. To facilitate this program transformations are used to manipulate the code, allowing the maintainer to concentrate upon the restructuring strategy without having to worry about the correctness of changes. Restructuring of programs containing discrete types is examined within the paper. This allows work to be focussed upon a small subset of commonly available data types to make development of solutions feasible and to provide a starting point for the development of a generic method which covers other types.
Prevalence of experiences of domestic violence among psychiatric patients: systematic review

Background Domestic violence has been linked with many mental disorders, including anxiety, depression, post-traumatic stress disorder, eating disorders and psychosis. Aims To estimate the prevalence (adult lifetime and past year) of different types of domestic violence experienced by men and women receiving psychiatric treatment. Method In a systematic review, a search of 18 electronic databases was supplemented by hand searching, citation tracking and updating a recent systematic review of criminal victimisation in psychiatric populations. Two reviewers independently extracted data and appraised study quality. Results Forty-two studies were included. The median prevalence of lifetime partner violence reported in high-quality papers was 30% (interquartile range (IQR) 26–39) among female in-patients and 33% (IQR 21–53) among female out-patients. Among male patients, one high-quality study reported a lifetime prevalence of 32% across mixed psychiatric settings. No study included a control group. Conclusions Psychiatric patients experience a high prevalence of domestic violence but there is limited information on family (non-partner) domestic violence, the prevalence of emotional abuse and the extent of risk compared with non-psychiatric controls.
Multi-Period Network Design of Optical Transmission Networks

In this paper we study the multi-period network design problem (MPND), and focus on a special case, called multi-period network design with incremental routing (MPNDI). We optimize simultaneously the network architecture and the link dimensioning under discrete cost functions in order to route all traffic demands in line with traffic growth over a discrete time horizon. We are interested here in incremental routing, that is, routing paths used at a given period to route some traffic demands have to be preserved over subsequent periods. We present here some new valid inequalities related to multi-period incremental routing, in addition to some previous results already presented in [13]. Finally, some computational results for a range of instances with eight and ten nodes for two and three periods are given. They provide a comparison of the classical MPND problem and the MPNDI problem in terms of overall costs and CPU time.
One Last Puff? Public Smoking Bans and Smoking Behavior

This paper investigates the short-term effects of public smoking bans on individual smoking behavior. In 2007 and 2008, state-level smoking bans were gradually introduced in all of Germany's federal states. We exploit this variation to identify the effect that smoke-free policies had on individuals' smoking propensity and smoking intensity. Using rich longitudinal data from the German Socio-Economic Panel Study, our difference-in-differences estimates show that the introduction of smoke-free legislation in Germany did not change average smoking behavior within the population. However, our estimates point to important heterogeneous effects. Individuals who go out more often to bars and restaurants did adjust their smoking behavior. Following the ban, they became less likely to smoke and also smoked less.
Modelling the Emergence of Possession Norms using Memes

In this paper we study the emergence and the effects of a possession norm in an artificial society. We link the study of norms and the concept of memes as put forward by Richard Dawkins. Normative behaviour is modelled using memes as carriers for certain behaviours. For our simulations we extend the sugarscape model from Epstein and Axtell (1996) and give the agents the possibility to claim possession of a "plot" of land. Memes regulate the behaviour of the agents regarding the land claims of others. It turns out that the probability for the survival of the population is much higher when possession claims of others are respected. However, there exist short term disadvantages for agents respecting the possessions of others. Thus, the need for a possession norm arises. The introduction of sanctions provides a good possibility to enforce the norm as long as no costs arise for sanctioning agents. We also investigate different kinds of meme propagation and their effects on the establishment of the norm.
The rotating substrate holder of sputtering deposition for effective growth of thin copper films

The homemade sputtering process was devised by a team of researchers. The copper bulk with nominal purity of 99.9% was used as a cathode target. Thin copper films were fabricated on glass slides by direct current sputtering (DC-sputtering) in vacuum chamber with base pressure of typically 10-2 mbar under argon gas (Ar). The effects of coated distances from cathode target to holder as 4, 7 and 10 cm on the morphology and crystallinity of thin Cu films were investigated. The system was designed and developed to improve the performance of coating thin film. A rotating holder was used as a supported function for the effective growth of the films. The holder was rotated with a constant angular speed of 30 rpm. The samples were examined with scanning electron microscope (SEM), atomic force microscope (AFM) and X-ray diffractometer (XRD). The experimental data revealed that the surface roughness and the crystallinity of thin copper films were improved by rotating function of a substrate holder.
The zebrafish : atlas of macroscopic and microscopic anatomy

Preface Acknowledgements 1. Introduction 2. Cross section and longitudinal section atlas 3. Integument (skin) 4. Digestive system 5. Respiratory system 6. Circulatory system 7. Liver and gallbladder 8. Pancreas 9. Endocrine organs 10. Kidney 11. Reproductive system 12. Sensory systems 13. Central nervous system 14. Miscellaneous structures 15. Musculoskeletal system Index.
Global patterns of marine turtle bycatch

Fisheries bycatch is a primary driver of population declines in several species of marine megafauna (e.g., elasmobranchs, mammals, seabirds, turtles). Characterizing the global bycatch seascape using data on bycatch rates across fisheries is essential for highlighting conservation priorities. We compiled a comprehensive database of reported data on marine turtle bycatch in gillnet, longline, and trawl fisheries worldwide from 1990 to 2008. The total reported global marine turtle bycatch was ∼85,000 turtles, but due to the small percentage of fishing effort observed and reported (typically <1% of total fleets), and to a global lack of bycatch information from small‐scale fisheries, this likely underestimates the true total by at least two orders of magnitude. Our synthesis also highlights an apparently universal pattern across fishing gears and regions where high bycatch rates were associated with low observed effort, which emphasizes the need for strategic bycatch data collection and reporting. This study provides the first global perspective of fisheries bycatch for marine turtles and highlights region–gear combinations that warrant urgent conservation action (e.g., gillnets, longlines, and trawls in the Mediterranean Sea and eastern Pacific Ocean) and region–gear combinations in need of enhanced observation and reporting efforts (e.g., eastern Indian Ocean gillnets, West African trawls).
iCon: utilizing everyday objects as additional, auxiliary and instant tabletop controllers

This work describes a novel approach to utilizing everyday objects of users as additional, auxiliary, and instant tabletop controllers. Based on this approach, a prototype platform, called iCon, is developed to explore the possible design. Field studies and user studies reveal that utilizing everyday objects such as auxiliary input devices might be appropriate under a multi-task scenario. User studies further demonstrate that daily objects can generally be applied in low precision circumstances, low engagement with selected objects, and medium-to-high frequency of use. The proposed approach allows users to interact with computers while not altering their original work environments.
following Long-Term Exposure to a Peroxisome Proliferator Formation of 8-Hydroxydeoxyguanosine in Liver DNA of Rats

The mechanism by which nongenotoxic peroxisome proliferators in duce hepatocellular carcinomas in rats and mice remains intriguing. The available experimental evidence suggests that the proliferation of peroxisomes and induction of peroxisome-associated enzymes results in oxidative stress which then leads to tumorigenesis. However, so far no direct evidence for oxidative DNA damage in livers of peroxisome prolifcrator-treated animals has been established. In the present study we have examined the DNA obtained from the livers of rats treated with ciprofibrate, a potent peroxisome proliferator, for variable periods of time for 8-hydroxydeoxyguanosine (8-OH-dG), an adduct that results from the damage of DNA caused by hydroxyl radical. Administration of ciprofibrate in diet at a concentration of 0.025% for 16, 28, 36, or 40 weeks resulted in progressive increases in the levels of 8-OH-dG. At 16, 28, and 40 weeks of ciprofibrate treatment, the 8-OH-dG in the liver DNA was significantly increased as compared to controls. This increase in 8OH-dG levels is attributed to persistent peroxisome proliferation resul ting from chronic ciprofibrate treatment as no increase in 8-OH-dG was found in liver DNA of rats that received a single large dose of ciprofibrate. The results of this study clearly demonstrate, for the first time, that persistent proliferation of peroxisomes leads to specific oxidative DNA damage.
DNA Sequences from Arabidopsis, Which Encode Protein Kinases and Function as Upstream Regulators of Snf1 in Yeast*

Sucrose nonfermenting-1 (Snf1)-related protein kinase-1 (SnRK1) of plants is a global regulator of carbon metabolism through the modulation of enzyme activity and gene expression. It is structurally and functionally related to the yeast protein kinase, Snf1, and to mammalian AMP-activated protein kinase. Two DNA sequences from Arabidopsis thaliana, previously known only by their data base accession numbers of NM_ 125448.3 (protein ID NP_200863) and NM_114393. 3 (protein ID NP_566876) each functionally complemented a Saccharomyces cerevisiae elm1 sak1 tos3 triple mutant. This indicates that the Arabidopsis proteins are able to substitute for one of the missing yeast upstream kinases, which are required for activity of Snf1. Both plant proteins were shown to phosphorylate a peptide with the amino acid sequence of the phosphorylation site in the T-loop of SnRK1 and by inference SnRK1 in Arabidopsis. The proteins encoded by NM_125448.3 and NM_114393. 3 have been named AtSnAK1 and AtSnAK2 (Arabidopsis thaliana SnRK1-activating kinase), respectively. We believe this is the first time that upstream activators of SnRK1 have been described in any plant species.