Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
THE ROLES OF MODIFIED INPUT AND OUTPUT IN THE INCIDENTAL ACQUISITION OF WORD MEANINGS

This article reports an experimental study of the differential effects of premodified input, interactionally modified input, and modified output on the comprehension of directions in a listen-and-do task and the acquisition of new words embedded in the directions. The modified output group achieved higher comprehension and vocabulary acquisition scores than either of the input groups. There was no difference between the premodified and interactionally modified input groups. The advantage of the modified output group is explained in terms of the qualitatively superior dialogic interaction that occurred in this condition rather than in terms of actual language production.
Hot L1s account for the bulk of retrotransposition in the human population

Although LINE-1 (long interspersed nucleotide element-1, L1) retrotransposons comprise 17% of the human genome, an exhaustive search of the December 2001 “freeze” of the haploid human genome working draft sequence (95% complete) yielded only 90 L1s with intact ORFs. We demonstrate that 38 of 86 (44%) L1s are polymorphic as to their presence in human populations. We cloned 82 (91%) of the 90 L1s and found that 40 of the 82 (49%) are active in a cultured cell retrotransposition assay. From these data, we predict that there are 80–100 retrotransposition-competent L1s in an average human being. Remarkably, 84% of assayed retrotransposition capability was present in six highly active L1s (hot L1s). By comparison, four of five full-length L1s involved in recent human insertions had retrotransposition activity comparable to the six hot L1s in the human genome working draft sequence. Thus, our data indicate that most L1 retrotransposition in the human population stems from hot L1s, with the remaining elements playing a lesser role in genome plasticity.
Cutting Edge: Expression of IRF8 in Gastric Epithelial Cells Confers Protective Innate Immunity against Helicobacter pylori Infection

IFN regulatory factor 8 (IRF8) is expressed in many types of blood cells and plays critical roles in cellular differentiation and function. However, the role of IRF8 in nonhematopoietic systems remains poorly understood. In this study, we provide evidence that IRF8 is a transcriptional modulator of the gastric mucosa necessary for limiting Helicobacter pylori colonization. H. pylori infection significantly upregulated expression of IRF8, which, in turn, promoted IFN-γ expression by gastric epithelial cells. Mice deficient in IRF8 exhibited increased H. pylori colonization and aborted induction of mucosal IFN-γ. Genome-wide analyses of IFN-γ–treated gastric epithelial cells by chromatin immunoprecipitation sequencing and RNA sequencing led to the identification of IRF8 target genes, with many belonging to the IFN-regulated gene family that was observed previously in immune cells. Our results identify the IRF8–IFN-γ circuit as a novel gastric innate immune mechanism in the host defense against infection with H. pylori.
Current predictive control for three-phase voltage source inverter based on Labview FPGA module

In this paper, a current predictive control for three-phase voltage source inverter development on Labview platform is presented and realized. It uses the FPGA (Field Programmable Gate Array) module of NI company PAC (CompactRIO 9073) as the calculator to finish the model predictive algorithm. As the FPGA coprocessor can work in parallel structure, it finished the algorithm in nanosecond and output control signal immediately. Compared to normal predictive control using DSP coprocessor, this can realize deadbeat predictive well without any additional deadbeat compensation algorithm. By using Labview FPGA module platform, it became not difficult to program complex algorithm in FPGA.
The Relation between Teacher Self-Disclosure and Student Classroom Participation

We hypothesized that teacher self-disclosure would be positively associated with student classroom participation. This hypothesis is consistent with the reciprocity effect that suggests that self-disclosure by one person will elicit self-disclosure from another. Teachers and students in 64 undergraduate classes completed questionnaires that assessed teacher self-disclosure, class participation, and students' willingness to participate in class. Correlational analyses support the central hypothesis. We suggest that the positive relation between teacher self-disclosure and class participation may not be solely a function of the examples of class concepts that such disclosures provide but may be a function of the interpersonal atmosphere created by such disclosures. The applied implications of this research are discussed.
On the categorization of a beta-uniform distribution and its application to the gene expression problem

Based on a set of cutting points we propose to categorize a betauniform (BUM) distribution, and term the categorized distribution as the C-BUM distribution. We study the categorization effects by comparing the performance of the maximum likelihood estimates for both models, for different sets of cutting points. Using the missing information principle we compute the BUM and C-BUM theoretical Fisher information matrices to assess loss of information. Finally, we evaluate the method to a published cancer gene expression data study.
Reduction of oxidative stress, amyloid deposition, and memory deficit by manganese superoxide dismutase overexpression in a transgenic mouse model of Alzheimer's disease

In Alzheimer's disease (AD), oxidative stress is present early and contributes to disease pathogenesis. We previously reported that in Tg19959 transgenic AD mice, partial deficiency of the mitochondrial antioxidant enzyme manganese superoxide dismutase (MnSOD) exacerbated amyloid pathology. We therefore asked whether MnSOD overexpression would prove beneficial against AD pathogenesis, by studying the offspring of Tg19959 mice crossed with MnSOD‐ overexpressing mice. At 4 mo of age, there was a 2‐ to 3‐fold increase in MnSOD protein levels in Tg19959‐ MnSOD mice compared to Tg19959 littermates. Tg19959‐MnSOD mice also had a 50% increase in catalase protein levels, a 50% decrease in levels of oxidized protein, and a 33% reduction in cortical plaque burden compared to Tg19959 littermates. Spatial memory was impaired and synaptophysin levels were decreased in Tg19959 mice compared to wild‐type littermates, but memory and synaptophysin levels were restored to wild‐type levels in Tg19959‐MnSOD littermates. These benefits occurred without changes in sodium dodecyl sulfate‐soluble or formic acid‐soluble Aβ pools or Aβ oligomers in Tg19959‐MnSOD mice compared to Tg19959 littermates. These data demonstrate that facilitation of the mitochondrial antioxidant response improves resistance to Aβ, slows plaque formation or increases plaque degradation, and markedly attenuates the phenotype in a transgenic AD mouse model. — Dumont, M. ,Wille, E. , Stack, C. , Calingasan, N. Y. , Beal, M. F. , Lin, M. T. Reduction of oxidative stress, amyloid deposition, and memory deficit by manganese superoxide dismutase overexpression in a transgenic mouse model of Alzheimer's disease. FASEB J. 23, 2459–2466 (2009)
New Frontiers in SCI Rehabilitation

tion. Today the next steps include inpatient and outpatient nursing, physical, occupational, speech, cognitive, psychosocial, educational, and vocational rehabilitation efforts to reduce disability and reintegrate the patient into the community. However, neither the numerous retrospective and prospective uncontrolled studies of SCI rehabilitation nor the very few controlled clinical trials that compared types of programs or particular training techniques have clearly demonstrated the efficacy of specific approaches (1). It is uncertain that what rehabilita-
Focal adhesion kinase mediates human leukocyte histocompatibility antigen class II-induced signaling in gingival fibroblasts.

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE The role of human leukocyte antigen class II molecules on nonantigen-presenting cells has been a matter of controversy. We previously reported that human leukocyte antigen class II molecules on human gingival fibroblasts do not present antigens, but transduce signals into the cells by making a complex with antigenic peptide T-cell receptor or by stimulating cell surface human leukocyte antigen-DR molecules with human leukocyte antigen-DR antibody (L243), which mimics the formation of the human leukocyte antigen class II-antigenic peptide T-cell receptor complex, resulting in the expression of several cytokines. The aim of this study was to detect human leukocyte antigen class II-associated molecules mediating human leukocyte antigen class II-induced signals into the cells. MATERIAL AND METHODS Antibody-based protein-microarray analysis was performed to detect activated signaling molecules in gingival fibroblasts stimulated via human leukocyte antigen class II molecules. Then, we examined if these molecules structurally associate with human leukocyte antigen class II and actually transduce signals into the cells. RESULTS Stimulation of human leukocyte antigen class II on gingival fibroblasts by L243 resulted in enhanced phosphorylation of focal adhesion kinase. Focal adhesion kinase was co-immunoprecipitated with human leukocyte antigen-DR by L243. Stimulation of gingival fibroblasts with L243 induced phosphorylation of focal adhesion kinase. Luteolin, a putative focal adhesion kinase inhibitor, suppressed phosphorylation of focal adhesion kinase and dose dependently inhibited human leukocyte antigen class II-induced cytokine production. CONCLUSION Focal adhesion kinase is structurally associated with human leukocyte antigen-DR and mediates human leukocyte antigen class II-induced signals in gingival fibroblasts.
Fear of Crime and Constrained Behavior Specifying and Estimating a Reciprocal Effects Model

To some extent fear of crime is thought to be a social problem because it is assumed to constrain social interaction. However, empirical support for the effects of fear on social behavior is mixed. This may reflect two problems. Extant research does not control for the negative effect of social behavior on fear while estimating the effect of fear on social behavior; and research assumes that the effect of fear on social behavior is the same for all people. Using the NCS dataset and simultaneous equation techniques, we address this issue. The analysis suggests that fear and constrained social behavior are part of a positive escalating loop (fear constrains social behavior which increases fear) and that the strength of the loop is contingent on age. Over the last 15 years fear of crime has emerged as an important research topic. Surveys (Harris, NORC, and NCS) report that a very high percentage of the U.S. population fear criminal victimization (Baumer 1978; Braungart, Braungart & Hoyer 1980; Clemente & Kleiman 1976; Garofalo 1979; Hartnagel 1979; Skogan & Maxfield 1981) and that this percentage has been increasing since the mid 1960s (Stinchcombe et al. 1980). In 1967 the Presidential Commission on Law and Enforcement decried the lack of research; and seven years later Brooks (1974) stated that the situation has not changed. Today we still know very little. Perhaps the most common and consistent findings are those on *This research was supported by a grant from the National Institute on Aging (5ROlAGO4067). Some of the data used in this paper were made available by the InterUniversity Consortium for Political and Social Research. Address correspondence to Allen E. Liska, Department of Sociology, SUNY/Albany, Albany, NY 19222. 1988 The University of North Carolina Press
Factor Structure of the Test Anxiety Inventory for Children and Adolescents (TAICA) Scores Across Gender Among Students in Elementary and Secondary School Settings

The factor structure of the Test Anxiety Inventory for Children and Adolescents, a new multidimensional measure used to assess test anxiety in elementary and secondary school students, is examined across gender. The sample consisted of 696 elementary and secondary school students (391 girls and 305 boys). Coefficient of congruence and salient variable similarity index values reported between each pair of six matched factors (Cognitive Obstruction/ Inattention, Performance Enhancement/Facilitation Anxiety, Physiological Hyperarousal, Social Humiliation, Worry, and Lie) and the Total Test Anxiety factor suggest that the factor structure is similar across gender. Results of a planned multivariate group comparison and three analyses of variance found that girls scored statistically significantly higher than boys on the debilitating test anxiety factors and boys scored statistically significantly higher on the Lie factor. No gender difference was found on the Performance Enhancement/Facilitation Anxiety factor. Implications of the findings are discussed.
Recovery of Non-Negative Signals from Compressively Sampled Observations Via Non-Negative Quadratic Programming

The new emerging theory of Compressive Sampling has demonstrated that by exploiting the structure of a signal, it is possible to sample a signal below the Nyquist rate and achieve perfect reconstruction. In this paper, we consider a special case of Compressive Sampling where the uncompressed signal is non-negative, and propose an extension of Non-negative Quadratic Programming—which utilises Iteratively Reweighted Least Squares—for the recovery of non-negative minimum `p-norm solutions, 0 ≤ p ≤ 1. Furthermore, we investigate signal recovery performance where the sampling matrix has entries drawn from a Gaussian distribution with decreasing number of negative values, and demonstrate that—unlike standard Compressive Sampling— the standard Gaussian distribution is unsuitable for this special case.
A Matched Cohort Study of the Risk of Cancer in Users of Becaplermin

BACKGROUND:Becaplermin is recombinant human platelet-derived growth factor for topical administration that might plausibly be related to cancer risk. Extended follow-up of patients from clinical trials of becaplermin compared with placebo identified a relative risk of cancer of 2.8 (95% confidence interval [CI], 0.6-12.8). The authors aimed to further investigate any association between becaplermin use and the occurrence of cancer by following a large cohort of patients in a clinical practice setting. METHODS:In a cohort of insured people, becaplermin initiators were matched to similar people who did not initiate becaplermin and were followed for up to 6 years for cancer incidence (up to 9 years for cancer mortality). Cancer incidence was identified from health insurance claims and validated by review of medical records. Cancer mortality was identified through linkage to the National Death Index. RESULTS:Among 1622 becaplermin initiators, there were 28 confirmed cancers and 9 cancer deaths, and among the 2809 matched comparators, there were 43 confirmed cancers and 16 cancer deaths. There was no increased risk of cancer with becaplermin (hazard ratio, 1.2; 95% CI, 0.7-1.9). Cancer mortality through 2003 was increased (rate ratio [RR] = 5.2; 95% CI, 1.7-17.6) among subjects with 3 or more dispensings. Additional follow-up through 2006 indicated no elevated cancer mortality risk overall (RR, 1.0; 95% CI, 0.5-2.3) and no statistically significant increase in the subgroup with more than 3 dispensings (RR, 2.4; 95% CI, 0.8-7.4). CONCLUSIONS:Becaplermin does not appear to increase the risk of cancer or cancer mortality.
Functional Redundancy of Two Pax-Like Proteins in Transcriptional Activation of Cyst Wall Protein Genes in Giardia lamblia

The protozoan Giardia lamblia differentiates from a pathogenic trophozoite into an infectious cyst to survive outside of the host. During encystation, genes encoding cyst wall proteins (CWPs) are coordinately induced. Pax family transcription factors are involved in a variety of developmental processes in animals. Nine Pax proteins have been found to play an important role in tissue and organ development in humans. To understand the progression from primitive to more complex eukaryotic cells, we tried to identify putative pax genes in the G. lamblia genome and found two genes, pax1 and pax2, with limited similarity. We found that Pax1 may transactivate the encystation-induced cwp genes and interact with AT-rich initiatior elements that are essential for promoter activity and transcription start site selection. In this study, we further characterized Pax2 and found that, like Pax1, Pax2 was present in Giardia nuclei and it may specifically bind to the AT-rich initiator elements of the encystation-induced cwp1-3 and myb2 genes. Interestingly, overexpression of Pax2 increased the cwp1-3 and myb2 gene expression and cyst formation. Deletion of the C-terminal paired domain or mutation of the basic amino acids of the paired domain resulted in a decrease of nuclear localization, DNA-binding activity, and transactivation activity of Pax2. These results are similar to those found in the previous Pax1 study. In addition, the profiles of gene expression in the Pax2 and Pax1 overexpressing cells significantly overlap in the same direction and ERK1 associated complexes may phosphorylate Pax2 and Pax1, suggesting that Pax2 and Pax1 may be downstream components of a MAPK/ERK1 signaling pathway. Our results reveal functional redundancy between Pax2 and Pax1 in up-regulation of the key encystation-induced genes. These results illustrate functional redundancy of a gene family can occur in order to increase maintenance of important gene function in the protozoan organism G. lamblia.
Wing morphometrics as a possible tool for the diagnosis of the Ceratitis fasciventris, C. anonae, C. rosa complex (Diptera, Tephritidae)

Abstract Previous attempts to resolve the Ceratitis FAR complex (Ceratitis fasciventris, Ceratitis anonae, Ceratitis rosa, Diptera, Tephritidae) showed contrasting results and revealed the occurrence of five microsatellite genotypic clusters (A, F1, F2, R1, R2). In this paper we explore the potential of wing morphometrics for the diagnosis of FAR morphospecies and genotypic clusters. We considered a set of 227 specimens previously morphologically identified and genotyped at 16 microsatellite loci. Seventeen wing landmarks and 6 wing band areas were used for morphometric analyses. Permutational multivariate analysis of variance detected significant differences both across morphospecies and genotypic clusters (for both males and females). Unconstrained and constrained ordinations did not properly resolve groups corresponding to morphospecies or genotypic clusters. However, posterior group membership probabilities (PGMPs) of the Discriminant Analysis of Principal Components (DAPC) allowed the consistent identification of a relevant proportion of specimens (but with performances differing across morphospecies and genotypic clusters). This study suggests that wing morphometrics and PGMPs might represent a possible tool for the diagnosis of species within the FAR complex. Here, we propose a tentative diagnostic method and provide a first reference library of morphometric measures that might be used for the identification of additional and unidentified FAR specimens.
Stator design techniques to reduce vibration in permanent magnet synchronous machines

This research analyzes two stator design features as structural solutions to reduce noise and vibration in permanent magnet synchronous machines (PMSM). The study was focused on a surface mounted PMSM with 12-stator slots and 10-rotor poles where vibration is a well-known issue. The structural-harmonic analysis was used to quantify the vibration by analyzing the radial deformation and acceleration on the outer face of the motor housing. The acoustics-harmonic analysis was also carried out to quantify the airborne noise radiated from the motor.
The Impact of Developmental Education on Community College Persistence and Vertical Transfer

Developmental education has been cited as one of the most difficult issues facing community colleges. Despite the controversy and changes to educational policy regarding developmental education, there is a notable dearth of rigorous research measuring the causal effect of remediation on community college student outcomes. The present study uses data from the Beginning Postsecondary Students Longitudinal Study (BPS: 04/09) to measure the impact of developmental education on community college students’ odds of persistence and vertical transfer after controlling for enrollment in remediation and institutional-level variables. Propensity score matching results reveal that students who enroll in developmental courses are systematically different from community college students who do not remediate in gender, ethnicity, first-generation status, academic preparation and experiences during high school, and delayed college entry. Moreover, post-matching hierarchical generalized linear modeling (HGLM) findings demonstrate that developmental education may overall serve to decrease community college students’ odds of successfully transferring to a 4-year institution, with negative impacts on students enrolled in English and mathematics courses. Implications for research, policy, and practice are addressed.
Personality and Prejudice.

Abstract : This paper examines authoritariansim and prejudice from the perspective of contemporary personality theory and literature. Historical theories are reviewed, concluding with current views on right-wing authoritariansim. Factor- based models of personality are presented, along with empirical findings relating the factors of Psychoticism, Neuroticism, and Openness to Experience to authoritarianism. Future directions for research are presented, and potential intervention strategies are outlined.
Convolutional compaction of test responses

This paper introduces a finite memory compactor called convolutional compactor that provides compaction ratios of test responses in excess of 100x even for a very small number of outputs. This is combined with the capability to detect multiple errors, handling of unknown states, and the ability to diagnose failing scan cells directly from compacted responses. A convolutional compactor can be easily configured into a MISR that preserves most of these properties. Experimental results demonstrate the efficiency of compaction for several industrial circuits.
Switching state space model for simultaneously estimating state transitions and nonstationary firing rates

We propose an algorithm for simultaneously estimating state transitions among neural states, the number of neural states, and nonstationary firing rates using a switching state space model (SSSM). This algorithm enables us to detect state transitions on the basis of not only the discontinuous changes of mean firing rates but also discontinuous changes in temporal profiles of firing rates, e.g., temporal correlation. We construct a variational Bayes algorithm for a non-Gaussian SSSM whose non-Gaussian property is caused by binary spike events. Synthetic data analysis reveals that our algorithm has the high performance for estimating state transitions, the number of neural states, and nonstationary firing rates compared to previous methods. We also analyze neural data that were recorded from the medial temporal area. The statistically detected neural states probably coincide with transient and sustained states that have been detected heuristically. Estimated parameters suggest that our algorithm detects the state transition on the basis of discontinuous changes in the temporal correlation of firing rates, which transitions previous methods cannot detect. This result suggests that our algorithm is advantageous in real-data analysis.