Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Learning Lexico-Functional Patterns for First-Person Affect

Informal first-person narratives are a unique resource for computational models of everyday events and people’s affective reactions to them. People blogging about their day tend not to explicitly say I am happy. Instead they describe situations from which other humans can readily infer their affective reactions. However current sentiment dictionaries are missing much of the information needed to make similar inferences. We build on recent work that models affect in terms of lexical predicate functions and affect on the predicate’s arguments. We present a method to learn proxies for these functions from first-person narratives. We construct a novel fine-grained test set, and show that the patterns we learn improve our ability to predict first-person affective reactions to everyday events, from a Stanford sentiment baseline of . 67F to . 75F.
Using Counter-Explanation to Limit Analysts' Forecast Optimism

Prior research demonstrates that forecast optimism is, in part, a consequence of analysts' cognitive reactions to the scenarios managers use to communicate future plans. In two experiments, we examine whether counter-explanation (explaining why managers' plans could fail) reduces scenario-induced optimism. We find that when compared to analysts not asked to generate counter-explanations, analysts who complete the relatively easy task of generating few counter-explanations make less optimistic forecasts, but analysts who complete the relatively difficult task of generating many counter-explanations do not. Results demonstrate the usefulness of a cognitive, theory-based mechanism for reducing forecast optimism and suggest a boundary condition for the use of that mechanism.
Intergenerational Aspects of Public Transfers, Borrowing and Debt*

The paper analyzes intergeneration distributional effects of taxes, transfer payments, public borrowing and debt. A two-period life-cucle model with overlapping generations is constructed. The model has two specific features: private wealth in both periods enter as arguments in the preference function, and the individuals (inelastically) supply labor in both periods. It turns out that some fiscal policy actions favor both of the currently lliving generations, possibly at the expense of future generations, while other actions generate conflicts between the currently living generations. The analysis also shows that it makes considerable difference whether the "burden" of public spending, debt and borrowing is defined in terms of wealth, consumption and utility. The different implications of foreign vs. domestic debt are examined.
Long-Term Kidney Regraft Survival From Deceased Donors: Risk Factors and Outcomes in a Single Center

Background. Although survival of kidney regrafts is similar to that of primary grafts, risk factors associated with regraft survival have not been defined clearly. The aim of this study was to investigate risk factors for regraft outcome, including characteristics of the previous and current transplant, and time to retransplant. Methods. In a historical cohort study, 966 primary and 176 repeat deceased donor kidney graft recipients transplanted between January 1, 1990 and December 31, 2004 were studied. Cox regression analysis was used to estimate graft loss hazard ratios (HR) for regrafts versus primary grafts. Adjustments were made for recipient and donor demographics, transplant-related factors (transplant era, panel reactive antibodies, human leukocyte antigens mismatches, immunosuppression, delayed graft function, acute rejection [AR]), previous transplant characteristics (graft survival, graft loss because of AR), and time to retransplant. Results. A total of 508 kidney grafts were lost in the period between January 1990 and May 2007: 427 primary grafts and 81 regrafts. Regraft recipients had a covariate-adjusted 6% increase in graft loss (HR=1.06; P=0.69). Regraft loss was significantly associated with previous graft survival less than or equal to 1 year (HR=2.01; P=0.004), previous graft loss because of AR (HR=2.26; P=0.017) and time to retransplant more than 1 year (HR=2.42; P=0.002). Other significant predictors of regraft loss were diabetes (HR=1.81), donor age more than 50 years (HR=1.86) and delayed graft function after retransplant (HR=1.95). Conclusions. Kidney regrafts seem to have similar long-term outcome as primary grafts. However, additional risk factors significantly associated with regraft survival are previous graft survival, graft loss because of rejection, and time to retransplant.
Analysis of total-factor cultivated land efficiency in China's agriculture.

Along with the rapid economic growth, there has been a booming demand for agricultural products in china, but the increased land usage for the manufacturing sector has caused a decrease in the total cultivated land. Through the data envelopment analysis (DEA) approach, this study first constructs the index of the total-factor cultivated land efficiency (TFcLE) by taking the ratio of the actual cultivated land input to target the cultivated land input. next, we examine the determinants of inefficiency on the cultivated land use. Based on a province-level panel data over 1997–2006, the empirical estimates indicate that the TFcLE is moderate and fluctuates during the sample period, ranging from 0.601 to 0.713, suggesting room for efficiency improvement in chinese farmland use. The coastal regions are found to experience a significantly higher degree of the TFcLE compared with non-coastal regions. overall, there is no significant competition effect brought on by the WTo entry on promoting TFcLE, though this effect differs between the coastal and non-coastal regions. The second-stage regression results show that the natural and artificial disasters, flood, drought, and pollution are the the main causes of inefficiency. innovative activity and the FDi are evidenced to have a significantly positive relation with the TFcLE in chinese agriculture. We also find the positive TFcLE-enhancing the effects of production diversification and
Cullen, Lochhead and Brown, architects: the business, financial and accounting history of a non-profit maximising firm, 1902–2002

The study which follows charts the business and financial progress of a Scottish regional architectural practice, Cullen, Lochhead and Brown, from 1902–60 in detail, and from 1960 to the present in outline. It examines the firm's origins, the architectural context in which it has operated and the strategies by which it has survived and prospered over its life to date. Analyses of the firm's fee income and sources of work are given, together with details of its financial progress and accounting arrangements. The study concludes with some observations of relevance to the business strategy and small business literatures. Drawing brief comparisons with a Canadian study by Mintzberg et al. (1986), it also provides empirical evidence to suggest that at least some architectural practitioners are motivated by non-financial as well as financial rewards, and points to financial practices which may be characteristic of such firms.
Whole-Genome Sequence Analysis of Human Papillomavirus Type 18 from Infected Thai Women

Objective: The aim of this study was to attain molecular knowledge of human papillomavirus type 18 (HPV18) by sequencing the whole genome of HPV18 isolated from Thai women at various clinical stages of disease progression. Method: Our group analyzed 9 samples of whole-genome HPV18 in infected women ranging from normal to cervical cancer by PCR, a sequencing method and bioinformatics programs. Results: Phylogenetic analysis based on the whole genome showed that HPV18 samples were more closely related to the European and Asian-American type than the African type. The vaccine strain’s L1 nucleotide (US patent 5820870) showed a close relationship to the African type. However, our data cannot indicate the correlation between cytological data and nucleotide or amino acid variation. Conclusion: Our group cannot draw any inference between the clinical stage of disease progression and amino acid alterations as there were only 1 or 2 samples available for each clinical trial. However, we hope that these new data on the HPV genome, which are representative of the entire genome of HPV in Southeast Asia, can serve as basis data for future research on the pathogenesis of cervical cancer. Additionally, the second-generation HPV18 vaccines should be tested on both HPV18-L1 and HPV18-L2 for increasing potential protection.
A Retrospective Of Evaluation Models On Intellectual Capital

In the classical theory of economics, capital is one of the three factors of production, in addition to land and labor, and refers in particular to buildings, equipment, and machinery etc., used for the production of other goods (the term physical capital is also used by the specialized literature) (Bratianu & Jianu, 2006). The present study intend to bring to the forefront the main evalluation methods for intellectual capital, as proposed, supported and criticized at the same time by researchers and practitioners. The study offers response to the following research questions: Which are the advantages and disadvantages of the intellectual capital evaluation methods? And what are the main studies approaching the subject of intellectual capital evaluation at international level? The collection and analysis of intellectual capital evaluation models and the non-participative observation are the main instruments used to bring to the forefront the main international existing evaluation frameworks. The information sources representing the base for these researches are especially constituted by articles published in specialized magazines, both from accounting and economics fields, specialized works relevant to the reference field, legislative documents, official documents, press releases and other documents issued by various national and international bodies. The most representative studies bringing to the forefront the evaluation of intellectual capital are the ones elaborated by Mouritsen et al (Mouritsen et al, 2001), Manea and Gorgan (Manea and Gorgan, 2003), Tayles (Tayles, 2002), Tayles et al (Tayles et al, 2007). The presented approaches offer a general idea on the range of methods, disciplines and operational specializations existing for the evaluation of intellectual capital. Only one of them - Balanced Scorecard - is largely used, while the rest of the methods remain too theoretical or too poorly developed to be universally accepted. We believe that the efforts from the regulation and standardization bodies in the view of intellectual capital evaluation are too small, despite the fact that community shows an increased interest in this sense, many companies being tempted to build their own system of evaluating performances with regards to intellectual capital.
What ever happened to the East Asian Developmental State? The unfolding debate

Abstract The Developmental State (DS) has been central to East Asia's rapid economic development over the last three decades. This analysis reviews the origins of the concept of the DS, the broader theoretical battles that provide the context in which the concept has been used, and the conditions that facilitated the emergence of the DS itself. The way in which the changing events in East Asia have influenced analyses of the DS will also be addressed with special attention paid to the onset of globalization, the end of the Cold War, and the impact of the Asian financial crisis. Finally, an assessment is undertaken of analyses of the DS that have appeared in the pages of The Pacific Review over the last twenty years.
The impact of supported employment and working on clinical and social functioning: results of an international study of individual placement and support.

BACKGROUND Concerns are frequently expressed that working might worsen the mental health of people with severe mental illness (SMI). Several studies of Individual Placement and Support (IPS), however, have found associations between working and better nonvocational outcomes. IPS has been found to double the return to work of people with SMI in 6 European countries. AIMS To explore separately associations between IPS, returning to work, and clinical and social outcomes. METHODS Patients (n = 312) in a randomized controlled trial of IPS in 6 European centers were followed up for 18 months. RESULTS There were no differences in clinical and social functioning between IPS and control patients at 18 months. Those who worked had better global functioning, fewer symptoms, and less social disability at final follow-up; greater job tenure was associated with better functioning. Working was associated with concurrently better clinical and social functioning, but this contrast was stronger in the control group, suggesting that IPS was better than the control service at helping more unwell patients into work. Working was associated with having been in remission and out of hospital for the previous 6 months. It was also associated with a slight decrease in depression and with being in remission over the subsequent 6 months. CONCLUSIONS Concerns among clinicians about possible detrimental effects of working and supported employment have been misplaced. Although some of the associations found may have been selection effects, there is sufficient evidence of work having beneficial effects on clinical and social functioning to merit further exploration.
Wage Determination of Registered Nurses in Proprietary and Nonprofit Nursing Homes

This study explores why registered nurses employed in nonprofit nursing homes earn higher wages than those employed in proprietary facilities. Previous studies have explained this finding in a property rights context, where higher wages were posited to result from the weaker incentives for cost minimization accompanying nonprofit status. This paper tests an alternative explanation of sectoral wage differences which is predicated on the reason for the coexistence of for-profit and nonprofit firms in a given industry. Informational constraints concerning the quality of care are posited to cause the long-term health care market to fail to provide care at the upper levels of a quality of care continuum. Nonprofits are viewed as a response to this form of market failure, acting to fulfill customers demand for higher quality (and higher cost) long-term care, with attendant demand for higher quality nurses than in for-profit homes. Both the observed sectoral pattern in selectivity, and wage decompositions based on selectivity corrected wage regressions, call into question the property right explanation yet are consistent with an asymmetric information explanation.
Multinationals and Industrialisation: The Bases of ‘Inward Investment’ Policy

The paper argues that policies towards inward investment should extend, much more decisively and comprehensively, beyond initial attraction in order to seek to secure sustained benefits from these operations. The view of the modern multinational enterprise as a dynamic differentiated network, operating through subsidiaries that have scope for evolution and development, provides a basis for the analysis of the potentials in this regard. The paper discusses in detail the content of particular phases in subsidiary transformation that can then provide a potential for embedding their operations in a host country in a creative and dynamic way that generates mutually supportive interdependencies in processes of resource (notably knowledge) generation and use.
The Transcriptional Activator Hypoxia Inducible Factor 2 (HIF-2/EPAS-1) Regulates the Oxygen-Dependent Expression of Erythropoietin in Cortical Astrocytes

In the ischemic or hypoxic brain, astrocytes appear to be one of the main sources of erythropoietin (EPO). In this study, we investigated the differential contribution of hypoxia inducible factor (HIF) isoforms to the regulation of hypoxic EPO expression in cultured astrocytes. In addition, using an in vitro model of oxygen-glucose deprivation (OGD), we studied the role of HIF-1α and HIF-2α in the generation of paracrine protective signals by astrocytes that modulate the survival of neurons exposed to OGD. Expression of HIF-1α or HIF-2α was abrogated by infecting astrocytes with lentiviral particles encoding small interference RNA specific for HIF-1α or HIF-2α (siHIF-1α or siHIF-2α). Astrocytes infected with siHIF-1α showed abrogated hypoxic induction of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) but normal EPO induction. In contrast, reduction of HIF-2α expression by siHIF-2α led to a drastic decrease of EPO hypoxic expression, but it did not affect LDH or VEGF upregulation. To further test whether HIF-2 is sufficient to drive EPO upregulation, we expressed oxygen-insensitive mutant forms of HIF-1α (mtHIF-1α) (P402A/P577A) and HIF-2α (mtHIF-2α) (P405A/P530A). Expression of mtHIF-2α but not mtHIF-1α in normoxic astrocytes resulted in a significant upregulation of EPO mRNA and protein. Accordingly, HIF-2α but not HIF-1α was found to be associated with the EPO hypoxia-response element by a chromatin immunoprecipitation assay. Interestingly, conditioned medium from astrocytes challenged by sublethal OGD improved neuronal survival to OGD; however, this effect was abolished during the downregulation of astrocytic HIF-2α using siHIF-2α. These results indicate that HIF-2α mediates the transcriptional activation of EPO expression in astrocytes, and this pathway may promote astrocytic paracrine-dependent neuronal survival during ischemia.
COMPETITIVENESS: FROM MICROECONOMIC FOUNDATIONS TO NATIONAL DETERMINANTS

This paper is a survey of economic literature related to competitiveness and its definition. The conceptual framework introduced by Michael Porter in 1990 remains exceptionally influential, but there are economists, like Krugman which consider the concept of national competitiveness as irrelevant or ambiguous. The aim of this paper is to provide a coherent representation of the meaning of competitiveness. We make the distinction between macroeconomic and microeconomic competitiveness, arguing that are strongly related. We can say that in last years the competitiveness literature is moving toward a convergent understanding of the concept and different ways to define and measure competitiveness have a lot in common.
Migration as a Tool in Development Policy: Caution Ahead?

Abstract The World Bank and UNDP have proposed that migration and mobility facilitate economic development. Yet the epidemiological and public health literature has often associated migration and population mobility with the extension and intensification of infectious diseases, most recently epitomised by the AIDS pandemic. Within the context of the well-documented negative developmental impact of AIDS, this suggests a potential clash in perspectives on the role of migration. However, if insights from public health can be incorporated into broader development perspectives, it may be possible to realise the developmental benefits of migration while mitigating or avoiding any associated health concerns.
Illegal harvest of renewable natural resources in North America: Toward a typology of the motivations for poaching

In many areas of North America, illegal hunting, fishing, and gathering of renewable natural resources are occurring with alarming and increasing frequency. Resource professionals, law enforcement officers, and the general public are becoming increasingly concerned about the poaching problem, as localized populations of wildlife, fish, and plant species are threatened with extirpation, and as legitimate users—consumptive and nonconsumptive alike—are deprived of resource utilization opportunities. An important step toward developing more effective environmental education, public information, and law enforcement programs to combat poaching is to develop an understanding of why people poach. Based on a literature review and content analysis, we summarized and classified the motivations for poaching that appeared in the literature into the following typology: (1) commercial gain, (2) household consumption, (3) recreational satisfactions, (4) trophy poaching, (5) thrill killing, (6) protection of self and prop.
The Two-Component Regulatory System TCS08 Is Involved in Cellobiose Metabolism of Streptococcus pneumoniae R6

ABSTRACT The two-component system TCS08 is one of the regulatory systems that is important for virulence of Streptococcus pneumoniae. In order to investigate the TCS08 regulon, we have analyzed transcription profiles of mutants derived from S. pneumoniae R6 by microarray analysis. Since deletion mutants are often without a significant phenotype, we constructed a mutation in the histidine kinase HK08, T133P, in analogy to the phosphatase mutation T230P in the H box of the S. pneumoniae CiaH kinase described recently (D. Zähner, K. Kaminski, M. van der Linden, T. Mascher, M. Merai, and R. Hakenbeck, J. Mol. Microbiol. Biotechnol. 4:211-216, 2002). In addition, a deletion mutation was constructed in rr08, encoding the cognate response regulator. The most heavily suppressed genes in the hk08 mutant were spr0276 to spr0282, encoding a putative cellobiose phosphoenolpyruvate sugar phosphotransferase system (PTS). Whereas the R6 Smr parent strain and the Δrr08 mutant readily grew on cellobiose, the hk08 mutant and selected mutants with deletions in the PTS cluster did not, strongly suggesting that TCS08 is involved in the catabolism of cellobiose. Homologues of the TCS08 system were found in closely related streptococci and other gram-positive cocci. However, the genes spr0276 to spr0282, encoding the putative cellobiose PTS, represent a genomic island in S. pneumoniae and homologues were found in Streptococcus gordonii only, suggesting that this system might contribute to the pathogenicity potential of the pneumococcus.
A Study on the usage of Data Structures in Information Retrieval

This paper tries to throw light in the usage of data structures in the field of information retrieval. Information retrieval is an area of study which is gaining momentum as the need and urge for sharing and exploring information is growing day by day. Data structures have been the area of research for a long period in the arena of computer science. The need to have efficient data structures has become even more important as the data grows in an exponential nature.
GnRH agonist therapy as ovarian protectants in female patients undergoing chemotherapy: a review of the clinical data.

BACKGROUND Cancer survival rates in young women are improving due to progress in treatment. This includes aggressive chemotherapy, a treatment that often poses a threat to fertility. GnRH agonists were proposed as ovarian protectors during gonadotoxic therapies. This study was undertaken in order to determine the clinical evidence concerning this issue. METHODS The medical literature was searched for studies that reported on ovarian function after the administration of GnRH agonists concomitant with chemotherapy. Twelve studies met the predetermined selection criteria. RESULTS Data on ovarian function were obtained for 579 women who received chemotherapy. Among 345 women who received GnRH agonist co-treatment, ovarian function was preserved in 91% and 9% had premature ovarian failure. In 234 women who did not receive GnRH agonist co-treatment, ovarian function was preserved in 41% and failed in 59%. Only two of the studies were randomized. The control and the GnRH agonist groups differed in several important characteristics: the follow-up times were not equal, different treatment protocols were utilized and end-points were poorly defined and inconsistent between the studies. CONCLUSIONS The effectiveness of GnRH agonists as fertility-preserving agents is debatable. A thorough literature search has found insufficient evidence to show that GnRH agonist co-treatment is effective in protecting the ovary from the damage of chemotherapy. A large randomized controlled trial with adequate follow-up is needed.