Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Priming, Perceptual Reversal, and Circular Reaction in a Neural Network Model of Schema-Based Vision

VISOR is a neural network system for object recognition and scene analysis that learns visual schemas from examples. Processing in VISOR is based on cooperation, competition, and parallel bottom-up and top-down activation of schema representations. Similar principles appear to underlie much of human visual processing, and VISOR can therefore be used as a platform for testing hypotheses about various perceptual phenomena. This paper focuses on analyzing three phenomena through simulation with VISOR: (1) the effects of priming and mental imagery, (2) perceptual reversal, and (3) circular reaction. The results illustrate similarity and subtle differences between the mechanisms mediating priming and mental imagery, show how the two opposing accounts of perceptual reversal (neural satiation and cognitive factors) may both contribute to the phenomenon, and demonstrate how intentional actions can be gradually learned from reflex actions. Successful simulation of such effects suggests that similar mechanisms may govern human visual perception and learning of visual schemas.
CHAPTER 32 DESIGN OF ARTIFICIAL ARMS AND HANDS FOR PROSTHETIC APPLICATIONS

The design of fully functioning artificial arms and hand replacements with physiological speeds-ofresponse and strength (or better) that can be controlled almost without thought is the goal of upperextremity prosthetics research. Unfortunately, current prosthetic components and interface techniques are still a long way from realizing this goal. The current state-of-the-art prosthesis can be considered to be a tool rather than a limb replacement. The prosthesis as a tool makes no pretense of trying to replace the lost limb physiologically but is there as an aid to help provide some of the functions that were lost. The prosthesis as a tool is an interchangeable device that is worn and used as needed, and then ignored. Much effort in the field of upper-extremity prosthesis research is directed toward the creation of prostheses as true limb replacements; however, in current practice we are mostly limited to prostheses as tools. The major factors limiting prostheses to tools are practical ones due to the severe weight, power, and size constraints of hand/arm systems as well as the difficulty in finding a sufficient number of appropriate control sources to control the requisite number of degrees of freedom. Of these, it is the lack of independent control sources that imposes the most severe impediment to the development of today’s prosthetic hand/arm systems. As a result, upper-limb prosthetics research is somewhat dominated by considerations of control. Still, the importance of better actuators and better multifunctional mechanisms must not be ignored. Control is useless if effective hand and arm mechanisms are not available. The problems associated with the design of artificial hand and arm replacements are far more challenging than those associated with the design of robotic arms or terminal devices. In fact, robotics and prosthetics design has much less in common than one might expect. Robotics concepts have had little impact on commercial prosthetics because of the significantly different physical constraints required for a prosthetic device to be successful. Although some size, weight, and power constraints 32.
Mental Skills Training in Martial Arts

The following case recounts the experiences of two entry-level consultants implementing a 6-week Mental Skills Training program with Brazilian Jiu Jitsu (BJJ) athletes. Both consultants identify with an Acceptance and Commitment (ACT) approach to mental skills training. Each consultant worked with a BJJ athlete for six weeks, integrating mental skills interventions into the athletes’ existing training regimen. Overall, the interventions focused on cognitive defusion techniques, identifying and developing emotional intelligence, self-regulating arousal levels, and managing energy and attention. Consultants relied heavily on mindfulness exercises as well as biofeedback technology in order to identify, develop, and refine the psychological skills crucial for success in the world of martial artists and in life. Effectiveness of program interventions was evaluated by client feedback and consultant reflections. Consultant reflections illuminate the challenges entry-level consultants may encounter when working with individual clients.
Wavefunctions, Green functions and expectation values in terms of spectral determinants

We derive semiclassical approximations for wavefunctions, Green functions and expectation values for classically chaotic quantum systems. Our method consists of applying singular and regular perturbations to quantum Hamiltonians. The wavefunctions, Green functions and expectation values of the unperturbed Hamiltonian are expressed in terms of the spectral determinant of the perturbed Hamiltonian. Semiclassical resummation methods for spectral determinants are applied and yield approximations in terms of a finite number of classical trajectories. The final formulae have a simple form. In contrast to Poincaré surface of section methods, the resummation is done in terms of the periods of the trajectories.
PhotoMeter : Easy-to-use MonoGraphoMetrics-Visual Metrology from Calibrated Images -

Institute of Technology immensely. It has been a fantastic experience, extremely useful for my educational and personal growth. Being surrounded by helpful and outgoing people in a friendly atmosphere and environment assisted the success immeasurably. I extend many thanks to Prof. Jarek Rossignac for giving me this opportunity. Additionally, I would like to thank Alexander Powell for his guidance and help in developing the user interface for Pho-toMeter, and to Lawrence Ibarria and Francisco Palop for their suggestions and support. I also want to underline Dr. Markus Wacker's seamless takeover of my project and his guidance upon my return to Dresden from Atlanta, GA. Finally, I express my gratitude to Mark Wittman who proofread the whole thesis and gave me suggestions to improve the grammar and fluency of my English. iii iii Figure 1: Waterfall by M. C. Escher (1961). This painting illustrates perspective absurdities. It seems like the waterfall is fed with its own water, but the painting's perspective projection is correct. This effect occurs because of a specific view position where well-chosen parts of the flume overlap. Because of this picture and pictures like it, it is necessary to understand the issues of perspective. One way to find out if this building could actually exist is to create a 3D model of it. Creating three-dimensional models from single images will be a main issue of the present thesis. Abstract MonoGraphoMetrics is the science of computing 3D measures from a single image. Several recent research activities have produced theoretical principles and practical tools for extracting 3D measures from uncalibrated photographs, using either single-or multiple-view-metrology. Some tools require that the user identifies configurations of edges, which are used to establish constraints for the camera model or to identify planes in the scene. Other tools detect vanishing lines and vanishing points automatically to compute the camera position as a prerequisite to compute several dimensions. The process involved is often laborious and its application is limited to images where the required configurations of edges are visible. In contrast, the work presented here is limited to photographs taken with a calibrated camera. More specifically, I assume to have a horizontally oriented camera at a known height above the floor and with a known field of view. Under these simple conditions, a single mouse operation – point-press-drag-release – provides enough information to compute the 3D position of any point € P with respect to …
A 3-Gb/s/ch transceiver for 10-mm uninterrupted RC-limited global on-chip interconnects

Global on-chip data communication is becoming a concern as the gap between transistor speed and interconnect bandwidth increases with CMOS process scaling. Repeaters can partly bridge this gap, but the classical repeater insertion approach requires a large number of repeaters while the intrinsic data capacity of each interconnect-segment is only partially used. In this paper we analyze interconnects and show how a combination of layout, termination and equalization techniques can significantly increase the data rate for a given length of uninterrupted interconnect. To validate these techniques, a bus-transceiver test chip in a 0.13-/spl mu/m, 1.2-V, 6-M copper CMOS process has been designed. The chip uses 10-mm-long differential interconnects with wire widths and spacing of only 0.4 /spl mu/m. Differential interconnects are insensitive to common-mode disturbances (e.g., non-neighbor crosstalk) and enable the use of twists to mitigate neighbor-to-neighbor crosstalk. With transceivers operating in conventional mode, the chip achieves only 0.55 Gb/s/ch. The achievable data rate increases to 3 Gb/s/ch (consuming 2 pJ/bit) with a pulse-width pre-emphasis technique, used in combination with resistive termination.
Vitamin B12 and Folic Acid Improve Gross Motor and Problem-Solving Skills in Young North Indian Children: A Randomized Placebo-Controlled Trial

Objectives Deficiencies of vitamin B12 and folate are associated with delayed development and neurological manifestations. The objective of this study was to measure the effect of daily supplementation of vitamin B12 and/or folic acid on development in young North Indian children. Methods In a randomized, double blind trial, children aged six to 30 months, received supplement with placebo or vitamin B12 and/or folic acid for six months. Children were allocated in a 1:1:1:1 ratio in a factorial design and in blocks of 16. We measured development in 422 children by the Ages and Stages Questionnaire 3rd ed. at the end of the intervention. Results Compared to placebo, children who received both vitamin B12 and folic acid had 0.45 (95% CI 0.19, 0.73) and 0.28 (95% CI 0.02, 0.54) higher SD-units in the domains of gross motor and problem solving functioning, respectively. The effect was highest in susceptible subgroups consisting of stunted children, those with high plasma homocysteine (> 10 μmol/L) or in those who were younger than 24 at end study. With the exception of a significant improvement on gross motor scores by vitamin B12 alone, supplementation of either vitamin alone had no effect on any of the outcomes. Conclusion Our findings suggest that supplementation of vitamin B12 and folic acid benefit development in North Indian Children. Trial Registration ClinicalTrials.gov NCT00717730
Observations of Separator Reconnection to an Emerging Active Region

Extreme-ultraviolet (EUV) observations of an emerging active region are used to study separator reconnection in the corona. We identify each EUV loop connecting the emerging polarity to a nearby existing active region over the 41 hr period beginning at emergence onset. Their geometrical resemblance to post-reconnection field lines from a magnetic model of the active region pair implicates separator reconnection in their production. While some reconnection is evident within 7 hr of emergence onset, the most intense period occurs after a 1 day delay. The sum of cross sections of all observed loops accounts for only one-fifth of the transferred magnetic flux predicted by the model. We suggest that the remaining loops remain at temperatures too high, or at densities too low, to be detected in our EUV data. The most intense reconnection requires as much as 109 V along the coronal separator; however, the observed loops suggests that the flux is transferred as discrete bundles of ~4 × 1018 Mx each. The reconnection appears to directly dissipate only a small fraction of the energy released, while the rest is dissipated within the post-reconnection flux over the ensuing 6 or more hours the loops remain visible. The net energy released, and ultimately dissipated, is consistent with the amount that could be stored magnetically during the 24 hr delay between emergence and reconnection.
Comparison of RBF-ANN , LIBSVM and DOCKSVM classifiers for land cover classification using satellite image

A sufficient comparison of three advanced classifiers, radial basis function artificial neural network (RBF-ANN), popular support vector machine (SVM) tool of LIBSVM and data oriented composite kernel based support vector machine (DOCKSVM) for land cover classification was carried out. In the experiment, using the same satellite SPOT-5 HRG image and relevant ground reference data that were used in previous studies (Song et al., 2012), besides spectral features, textural features are also used to improve image classification accuracy. The experimental results show that with textural features used as additional inputs to the classifiers, the classification results of both RBF-ANN and SVM can achieve better performance than those did in previous research (Song et al., 2012), and those well-trained RBF-ANN, LIBSVM and DOCKSVM have no significant differences in classification accuracy, but the DOCKSVM usually performs slightly better. The analysis of the effect of training set size also indicates that the DOCKSVM has the best generalization capabilities among the three classifiers, LIBSVM the next best and RBF-ANN the third, especially when the training set size is quite small. On the other
Déficiences intellectuelles et intégration sociale

Ce livre presente a un large public l’etat de la question concernant les troubles du developpement intellectuel, qui frappent 2 a 3 % de notre population. Les causes de ces anomalies sont nombreuses : agressions environnementales prenatales par l’alcool, la drogue ou les medicaments, accidents cerebraux precoces, maladies genetiques, maltraitance precoce grave, etc. Les formes les plus frequentes sont exposees, avec une insistance particuliere sur celles dont les progres de la recherche permettent aujourd’hui d’expliquer les mecanismes, tels l’alcoolisme fœtal, la phenylcetonurie, l’X fragile, le syndrome de Williams et la trisomie 21. A partir d’exemples concrets, on explore l’articulation entre mecanismes biologiques, en particulier genetiques, et les profils psychologiques specifiques de deficience intellectuelle. A la synthese des donnees scientifiques les plus recentes, les auteurs ajoutent leurs reflexions sur l’integration sociale des personnes presentant des troubles du developpement intellectuel. Elles abordent enfin les problemes ethiques lies au diagnostic antenatal et les difficultes rencontrees par une famille en cas de detection d’une maladie grave du fœtus.
How can Parliaments Contribute to the Legitimacy of the European Semester

This article develops a standard for evaluating how parliaments can contribute to the legitimacy of the European semester. It then uses that standard to identify where national parliaments may be able to oversee the semester through their relationships to their own governments and where that solution may, conversely, be insufficient. The article uses that analysis to raise four questions. Firstly, what powers over the semester should be exericed by some parliament somewhere? Secondly, how should any parliamentary participation in the semester be distributed across European, national and even sub-national parliaments? Thirdly, how far should parliaments co-operate in their responses to the semester? Fourthly, how uniform across parliaments should participation in the semester be?
Developing instruments concerning scientific epistemic beliefs and goal orientations in learning science: a validation study

ABSTRACT The purpose of this study was to develop and validate two survey instruments to evaluate high school students' scientific epistemic beliefs and goal orientations in learning science. The initial relationships between the sampled students' scientific epistemic beliefs and goal orientations in learning science were also investigated. A final valid sample of 600 volunteer Taiwanese high school students participated in this survey by responding to the Scientific Epistemic Beliefs Instrument (SEBI) and the Goal Orientations in Learning Science Instrument (GOLSI). Through both exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses, the SEBI and GOLSI were proven to be valid and reliable for assessing the participants' scientific epistemic beliefs and goal orientations in learning science. The path analysis results indicated that, by and large, the students with more sophisticated epistemic beliefs in various dimensions such as Development of Knowledge, Justification for Knowing, and Purpose of Knowing tended to adopt both Mastery-approach and Mastery-avoidance goals. Some interesting results were also found. For example, the students tended to set a learning goal to outperform others or merely demonstrate competence (Performance-approach) if they had more informed epistemic beliefs in the dimensions of Multiplicity of Knowledge, Uncertainty of Knowledge, and Purpose of Knowing.
Chapter 4 The Effect of Elastic Softening and Cooperativity on the Fragility of Glass-Forming Metallic Liquids

4.1 Abstract Viscosity and isoconfigurational shear modulus data G, from the literature and current experiments, were analyzed for strong and fragile liquids. A recently developed Cooperative Shear Model was utilized to fit the viscosity of the different glasses. The relative effects of the " elastic " and " cooperative volume " fragility indices were observed to be equivalent in regards to the softening of the shear flow barrier. This equivalence gives rise to a factor of ~ G 2 in the softening of the shear flow barrier used in the Cooperative Shear Model.
Perceived blur in amblyopia.

PURPOSE The well-documented fact that visual acuity and contrast sensitivity in amblyopia are attenuated at high spatial frequencies predicts that amblyopes should perceive objects as blurred, because they do not have the high spatial frequency information necessary to represent sharp edges adequately. In the current study, the representation of blur in amblyopia with blur-discrimination and blur-matching tasks was explored in a series of experiments. METHODS Monocular blur-discrimination thresholds were measured in a spatial two-alternative forced-choice procedure. Observers were required to discriminate which edge (right or left) appeared to be the lesser blurred. Observers also interocularly matched edges that were identical with those used in the blur-discrimination tasks, with the exception that they were viewed dichoptically at all times. RESULTS Blur-discrimination thresholds were elevated in both the amblyopic and fellow fixing eyes but were within the normal range for interocular matching thresholds. CONCLUSIONS The results suggest that blur is veridically represented in the amblyopic visual system. The surprising result is that all amblyopes, even those with the most severe visual loss, veridically matched all blurred edges, including the sharpest ones. This implies that amblyopes are able to represent levels of blur that are defined by spatial structure beyond their resolution limit.
Ex-Dividend Day Behavior in the Absence of Taxes and Price Discreteness

We examine the ex-dividend day behavior in a unique setting where (1) there are neither taxes on dividends nor on capital gains, (2) stock prices have been decimalized, (3) dividends are distributed annually, and (4) we have data that enable us to examine bid–ask bounce effects. In this economy, any price decline that is smaller than the dividends cannot be attributed to taxes and price discreteness. Like previous studies, we find that the stock price drops by less than the amount of dividends and there is a significant positive ex-day return. By examining abnormal volumes around the ex-dividend day, we find no evidence of short-term trading. We are able to account for our results using market microstructure models. When the impact of market microstructure is taken into account, the ex-dividend drop is not significantly different from the value of the dividend paid.
Towards a Constraint Deductive Database Language based on Hereditary Harrop Formulas

In the same way that Datalog and Datalog with constraints arise when modelling databases inspired on Prolog and CLP (Constraint Logic Programming), respectively, we introduce the constraint logic programming scheme HH(C) (Hereditary Harrop formulas with Constraints) as the basis for a database language. We show that HH(C) can fulfill all relational algebra operations but set dierence, so that it has to be extended with a limited form of negation. Since the underlying logic of our system is an extension of Horn clauses, we will show that the resulting database language is more powerful than both relational algebra and calculus. For instance, it is possible to define recursive views. In addition, the use of constraints permits of modelling infinite databases, as in Datalog with constraints. Moreover, our approach improves the expressivity of recursive Datalog with negation because, for instance, hypothetical queries are allowed.
Multi-valued t-Norms and t-Conorms

We present a procedure for constructing multi-valued tnorms and t-conorms. Our construction uses a pair of single-valued t-norms and the pair of dual t-conorms to construct interval-valued t-norms ⊓ and t-conorms ⊔. In this manner we can combine desirable characteristics of different t-norms and t-conorms; furthermore if we use the t-norm ∧ and t-conorm ∨, then (X,⊓,⊔) is a superlattice, i.e. the multivalued analog of a lattice.
MMSE Relaying Design for Multi-Antenna Two-Hop Downlinks with Finite-Rate Feedback

We consider a MIMO relay downlink system using precoding and limited feedback from two-hop channels. Since the conventional precoding matrices are directly obtained by treating the quantized channel state information (CSI) feedback as the real CSI, we propose an improved relay precoding strategy by taking the effect of channel quantization error into account. The proposed relaying technique is designed based on the minimum mean square error (MMSE) criterion and is robust to the channel uncertainties due to quantized CSI feedback. Numerical results verify the effectiveness of the proposed scheme.
Immune-enhancing effect of nano-DNA vaccine encoding a gene of the prME protein of Japanese encephalitis virus and BALB/c mouse granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor

Plasmid-encoded granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) is an adjuvant for genetic vaccines; however, how GM-CSF enhances immunogenicity remains to be elucidated. In the present study, it was demonstrated that injection of a plasmid encoding the premembrane (prM) and envelope (E) protein of Japanese encephalitis virus and mouse GM-CSF (pJME/GM-CSF) into mouse muscle recruited large and multifocal conglomerates of macrophages and granulocytes, predominantly neutrophils. During the peak of the infiltration, an appreciable number of immature dendritic cells (DCs) appeared, although no T and B-cells was detected. pJME/GM-CSF increased the number of splenic DCs and the expression of major histocompatibility complex class II (MHCII) on splenic DC, and enhanced the antigenic capture, processing and presentation functions of splenic DCs, and the cell-mediated immunity induced by the vaccine. These findings suggested that the immune-enhancing effect by pJME/GM-CSF was associated with infiltrate size and the appearance of integrin αx (CD11c)+cells. Chitosan-pJME/GM-CSF nanoparticles, prepared by coacervation via intramuscular injection, outperformed standard pJME/GM-CSF administrations in DC recruitment, antigen processing and presentation, and vaccine enhancement. This revealed that muscular injection of chitosan-pJME/GM-CSF nanoparticles may enhance the immunoadjuvant properties of GM-CSF.