Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Reef-Scale Thermal Stress Monitoring of Coral Ecosystems: New 5-km Global Products from NOAA Coral Reef Watch

The U.S. National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) Coral Reef Watch (CRW) program has developed a daily global 5-km product suite based on satellite observations to monitor thermal stress on coral reefs. These products fulfill requests from coral reef managers and researchers for higher resolution products by taking advantage of new satellites, sensors and algorithms. Improvements of the 5-km products over CRW’s heritage global 50-km products are derived from: (1) the higher resolution and greater data density of NOAA’s next-generation operational daily global 5-km geo-polar blended sea surface temperature (SST) analysis; and (2) implementation of a new SST climatology derived from the Pathfinder SST climate data record. The new products increase near-shore coverage and now allow direct monitoring of 95% of coral reefs and significantly reduce data gaps caused by cloud cover. The 5-km product suite includes SST Anomaly, Coral Bleaching HotSpots, Degree Heating Weeks and Bleaching Alert Area, matching existing CRW products. When compared with the 50-km products and in situ bleaching observations for 2013–2014, the 5-km products identified known thermal stress events and matched bleaching observations. These near reef-scale products significantly advance the ability of coral reef researchers and managers to monitor coral thermal stress in near-real-time.
HINTS: A novel approach for realistic simulations of vehicular communications

One of the main challenges in the Vehicular Ad-Hoc Networks (VANETs) research domain is the simulation of vehicular communications using realistic mobility models. Several efforts have been put lately in this purpose; yet, the proposed models are either inappropriate, or carry significant disadvantages. In this paper, we propose a novel approach for realistic simulations in vehicular networks, inspired from the hierarchical video and image compression technique. We developed HINTS (Hybrid Integration of Network and Traffic Simulators), the correspondent platform, engendered from the integration of SUMO, a traffic simulator and NS-3, a network simulator after adding some supplemental modules to both simulators. Its efficiency and performance are demonstrated in a proof-of-concept study, based on a realistic traffic management scenario.
Phrasal Segmentation Models for Statistical Machine Translation

Phrasal segmentation models define a mapping from the words of a sentence to sequences of translatable phrases. We discuss the estimation of these models from large quantities of monolingual training text and describe their realization as weighted finite state transducers for incorporation into phrase-based statistical machine translation systems. Results are reported on the NIST Arabic-English translation tasks showing significant complementary gains in BLEU score with large 5-gram and 6-gram language models.
Judging the Intensity of Emotional Expression in Faces: the Effects of Colored Tints on Individuals With Autism Spectrum Disorder

Individuals with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) often show atypical processing of facial expressions, which may result from visual stress. In the current study, children with ASD and matched controls judged which member of a pair of faces displayed the more intense emotion. Both faces showed anger, disgust, fear, happiness, sadness or surprise but to different degrees. Faces were presented on a monitor that was tinted either gray or with a color previously selected by the participant individually as improving the clarity of text. Judgments of emotional intensity improved significantly with the addition of the preferred colored tint in the ASD group but not in controls, a result consistent with a link between visual stress and impairments in processing facial expressions in individuals with ASD. Autism Res 2016, 9: 450–459. © 2015 International Society for Autism Research, Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Risk-Based Consumption Advice for Farmed Atlantic and Wild Pacific Salmon Contaminated with Dioxins and Dioxin-like Compounds

We reported recently that several organic contaminants occurred at elevated concentrations in farmed Atlantic salmon compared with concentrations of the same contaminants in wild Pacific salmon [Hites et al. Science 303:226–229 (2004)]. We also found that polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), toxaphene, dieldrin, dioxins, and polybrominated diphenyl ethers occurred at higher concentrations in European farm-raised salmon than in farmed salmon from North and South America. Health risks (based on a quantitative cancer risk assessment) associated with consumption of farmed salmon contaminated with PCBs, toxaphene, and dieldrin were higher than risks associated with exposure to the same contaminants in wild salmon. Here we present information on cancer and noncancer health risks of exposure to dioxins in farmed and wild salmon. The analysis is based on a tolerable intake level for dioxin-like compounds established by the World Health Organization and on risk estimates for human exposure to dioxins developed by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. Consumption of farmed salmon at relatively low frequencies results in elevated exposure to dioxins and dioxin-like compounds with commensurate elevation in estimates of health risk.
On the power of hardware transactional memory to simplify memory management

Dynamic memory management is a significant source of complexity in the design and implementation of practical concurrent data structures. We study how hardware transactional memory (HTM) can be used to simplify and streamline memory reclamation for such data structures. We propose and evaluate several new HTM-based algorithms for the "Dynamic Collect" problem that lies at the heart of many modern memory management algorithms. We demonstrate that HTM enables simpler and faster solutions, with better memory reclamation properties, than prior approaches. Despite recent theoretical arguments that HTM provides no worst-case advantages, our results support the claim that HTM can provide significantly better common-case performance, as well as reduced conceptual complexity.
Post-neonatal infant mortality in Malawi: the importance of maternal health

Abstract In a cohort study of mothers and their infants, information was collected from women attending the antenatal services of two hospitals in a rural area of Malawi and 561 of their babies were enrolled in a follow-up study. There were 128 with a low birthweight (LBW, <2500 g), 138 with fetal anaemia (FA, cord haemoglobin <12.5 g/dl), 42 with both and 228 with a normal birthweight and no FA. Infants were seen monthly for 1 year. Risk factors for post-neonatal infant mortality (PNIM) were calculated using Cox regression analysis adjusting for LBW and FA. PNIM was 9.3%. Respiratory infections and diarrhoeal disease were the principal attributable causes of death. PNIM increased with LBW (RR 3.08, 95% CI 1.51-6.23) but not significantly so with FA (RR 1.60, 95% CI 0.78-3.27). An additional effect on PNIM was observed with maternal HIV (RR 3.44, 95% CI 1.63-7.26) and malaria at the first antenatal visit (RR 2.26, 95% CI 1.09-4.73). Illiteracy was not associated with mortality. Placental malaria in HIV-seronegative mothers was significantly associated with increased PNIM. Improving birthweight through effective antimalarial control in pregnancy will lead to a reduction in PNIM. Reduction of HIV prevalence and prevention of mother-to-child transmission of HIV must be a main target for government health policy.
Learning opinions in user-generated web content

Abstract The user-generated Web content has been intensively analyzed in Information Extraction and Natural Language Processing research. Web-posted reviews of consumer goods are studied to find customer opinions about the products. We hypothesize that nonemotionally charged descriptions can be applied to predict those opinions. The descriptions may include indicators of product size (tall), commonplace (some), frequency of happening (often), and reviewer certainty (maybe). We first construct patterns of how the descriptions are used in consumer-written texts and then represent individual reviews through these patterns. We propose a semantic hierarchy that organizes individual words into opinion types. We run machine learning algorithms on five data sets of user-written product reviews: four are used in classification experiments, another one for regression and classification. The obtained results support the use of non-emotional descriptions in opinion learning.
Quality of Life in the Neuro‐Oncology Patient: A Symposium

&NA; Treatment efficacy for any disease must be measured not only in terms of outcome, but also in terms of effects of treatment on quality of life within the context of the disease. Because of the limited effectiveness of neuro‐oncology treatments, this is particularly true. While outcome endpoints are fairly clear and easy to measure, what the patient experiences between diagnosis and death is not so clear or measurable. Quality of life (QOL) is loosely defined as the psychosocial experience of that “in between” time. A rather vague term, QOL may be conceptualized a number of ways. As a consequence, measurement of QOL can be quite challenging. Neurologic, cognitive and behavioral deficits which may accompany a brain tumor add to difficulty measuring QOL. Many reliable and valid measures have been used in an attempt to describe QOL in neuro‐oncology studies. Some are general measures, while others are more specific. The number of different tools available suggest lack of consensus as to how best measure this elusive yet important concept. Via a symposium format, this article critiques several different and readily available QOL measures that may be useful in a neuro‐oncology population: Functional Assessment of Cancer Therapy Scale, Karnofsky Performance Scale, Multidimensional Quality of Life‐Cancer Version 2 (MQOLS‐CA2) and Quality of Life From the Patient's Perspective.
Ruminal methanogenesis as influenced by individual fatty acids supplemented to complete ruminant diets

F. DOHME, A. MACHMÜLLER, A. WASSERFALLEN AND M. KREUZER. 2001. The objective of the present study was to investigate the effects of seven different pure fatty acids on rumen fermentation using the rumen simulation technique (RUSITEC). The fatty acids were supplied to a complete ruminant diet at a proportion of 50 g kg−1 dietary dry matter and compared with an unsupplemented control. Methane release and methanogenic counts were suppressed by the fatty acids C12 : 0, C14 : 0 and C18 : 2 whereas C8 : 0, C10 : 0, C16 : 0 and C18 : 0 showed no corresponding effects. Apart from C12 : 0 and C18 : 2, C8 : 0 and C10 : 0 also adversely affected ciliate protozoa suggesting independence from the methane‐suppressing effect of medium‐chain fatty acids (MCFA). Although MCFA but not C18 : 2 reduced ruminal fibre degradation, the influence on other fermentation traits remained low. In conclusion, the supply of certain fatty acids to ruminant diets seems to have the potential to reduce methane release.
Sexual dimorphism and the genetic potential for evolution of sex allocation in the gynodioecious plant, Schiedea salicaria

Sex allocation theory addresses how separate sexes can evolve from hermaphroditism but little is known about the genetic potential for shifts in sex allocation in flowering plants. We tested assumptions of this theory using the common currency of biomass and measurements of narrow‐sense heritabilities and genetic correlations in Schiedea salicaria, a gynodioecious species under selection for greater differentiation of the sexes. Female (carpel) biomass showed heritable variation in both sexes. Male (stamen) biomass in hermaphrodites also had significant heritability, suggesting the potential for further evolution of dioecy. Significant positive genetic correlations between females and hermaphrodites in carpel mass may slow differentiation between the sexes. Within hermaphrodites, there were no negative genetic correlations between male and female biomass as assumed by models for the evolution of dioecy, suggesting that S. salicaria is capable of further changes in biomass allocation to male and female functions and evolution toward dioecy.
Distinct Modes of Neuronal Migration in Different Domains of Developing Cerebellar Cortex

As postmitotic neurons migrate to their final destinations, they encounter different cellular microenvironments, but functional responses of migrating neurons to changes in local environmental cues have not been examined. In the present study, we used a confocal microscope on acute cerebellar slice preparations to examine real-time changes in the shape of granule cells, as well as the mode and rate of their migration as they transit different microenvironments. The rate of granule cell movement is fastest in the molecular layer, whereas their elongated somata and long leading processes remain in close contact with Bergmann glial fibers. Cell movement is slowest in the Purkinje cell layer after granule cells detach from the surface of Bergmann glia and the somata become transiently round, whereas the leading processes considerably shorten. Surprisingly, after entering the internal granular layer, granule cells re-extend both their somata and leading processes as they resume rapid movement independent of Bergmann glial fibers. In this last phase of migration, described here for the first time, most granule cells move radially for >100 μm (a distance comparable to that observed in the molecular layer) until they reach the deep strata of the internal granular layer, where they become rounded again and form synaptic contacts with mossy fiber terminals. These observations reveal that migrating neurons alter their shape, rate, and mode of movement in response to local environmental cues and open the possibility for testing the role of signaling molecules in cerebellar neurogenesis.
Analysis of injection-locked antenna array including mutual coupling effects

In this paper, the injection locking performance analysis of dipole antenna array with each element loaded with a two-terminal oscillator is presented. The analysis is based on the nonlinear model of oscillator and the linear model of antenna array considering mutual coupling effects. The locking range of injection signal and the array radiated power are obtained by solving an equivalent multiport network. In general, the solutions include stable and unstable solutions. The Routh-Hurwitz stability criterion is then applied to remove the unstable solutions. Numerical results show that the array performance such as frequency locking range and radiated power by taking into account the array mutual coupling effects is quite different from that of an isolated antenna element. In addition, the influence of antenna element spacing upon array locking parameters in this paper is found to be consistent with other existing theories.
Walking with a powered robotic exoskeleton: Subjective experience, spasticity and pain in spinal cord injured persons.

BACKGROUND Powered robotic exoskeletons represent an emerging technology for the gait training of Spinal Cord Injured (SCI) persons. The analysis of the psychological and physical impact of such technology on the patient is crucial in terms of clinical appropriateness of such rehabilitation intervention for SCI persons. OBJECTIVE To investigate the acceptability of overground robot-assisted walking and its effect on pain and spasticity. METHODS Twenty-one SCI persons participated in a walking session assisted by a powered robotic exoskeleton. Pain assessed using a Numeric Rating Scale (NRS) and muscle spasticity, assessed as subjective perception using an NRS scale and as objective assessment using the Modified Ashworth scale and the Penn scale, were evaluated before and after the walking experience. Positive and negative sensations were investigated using a questionnaire. The patient's global impression of change (PGIC) scale was administrated as well. RESULTS After the walking session a significant decrease in the muscle spasticity and pain intensity was observed. The SCI persons recruited in this study reported (i) a global change after the walking session, (ii) high scores on the positive and (iii) low scores on the negative sensations, thus indicating a good acceptability of the robot-assisted walking. CONCLUSIONS The overground robot-assisted walking is well accepted by SCI persons and has positive effects in terms of spasticity and pain reduction.
Central Bank Communication and Expectations Stabilization

The value of communication is analyzed in a model in which agents' expectations need not be consistent with central bank policy. Without communication, the Taylor principle is not sufficient for macroeconomic stability: divergent learning dynamics are possible. Three communication strategies are contemplated to ensure consistency between private forecasts and monetary policy strategy: communicating the precise details of policy; communicating only the variables on which policy decisions are conditioned; and communicating the inflation target. The former strategies restore the Taylor principle as a sufficient condition for anchoring expectations. The latter strategy, in general, fails to protect against expectations-driven fluctuations. (JEL E32, E43, E52, E58)
Decoding and the Quest of Meaning

Discussions of reading sometimes assume a contradiction between decoding a passage and discovering its meaning. If decoding is interpreted as converting graphemes into phonemes, then there is indeed a fence on whose two sides partisans of two opposed points of view can range themselves: code-breakers vs. meaning-pursuers. The decoding advocate can argue that speech is common property, even among non-readers, and that writing is a set of clues designed to elicit in the reader's mind the spoken language; since native speakers already know the greater part of the spoken language before they come to school, the teaching of reading is simply a matter of clueing the student into the system for turning printed hieroglyphics into the already-familiar language of speech. The pursuer of meaning, on the other hand, can argue that the capacity to pronounce haltingly a page of prose is a far cry from understanding what one is pronouncing—that the principal problem in promoting literacy is not to teach the empty mouthing of sounds but to foster an intelligent approach to the significance of the passage, including a capacity for judgment, appreciation, and lively animated response.
Effective characteristic polynomials and two-point Padé approximants as summation techniques for the strongly divergent perturbation expansions of the ground state energies of anharmonic oscillators.

Pad\'e approximants are able to sum effectively the Rayleigh-Schr\"odinger perturbation series for the ground state energy of the quartic anharmonic oscillator, as well as the corresponding renormalized perturbation expansion [E. J. Weniger, J. \ifmmode \check{C}\else \v{C}\fi{}\'{\i}\ifmmode \check{z}\else \v{z}\fi{}ek, and F. Vinette, J. Math. Phys. 34, 571 (1993)]. In the sextic case, Pad\'e approximants are still able to sum these perturbation series, but convergence is so slow that they are computationally useless. In the octic case, Pad\'e approximants are not powerful enough and fail. On the other hand, the inclusion of only a few additional data from the strong coupling domain [E. J. Weniger, Ann. Phys. (NY) (to be published)] greatly enhances the power of summation methods. The summation techniques, which we consider, are two-point Pad\'e approximants and effective characteristic polynomials. It is shown that these summation methods give good results for the quartic and sextic anharmonic oscillators, and, even in the case of the octic anharmonic oscillator, which represents an extremely challenging summation problem, two-point Pad\'e approximants give relatively good results. \textcopyright{} 1996 The American Physical Society.
ON THE UNSYSTEMATICITY IN L2 LEARNING AND PERFORMANCE: REFLECTIONS FROM A MULTIPERSPECTIVE VIEW

Language teachers are always interested in how they can help students learning a second language in a classroom setting become proficient in that language. This question may look simple; however, it is quite complex, and entails a lot of issues that have been investigated for a long time. The present study argues that unsuccessful performance is not the only problem that classroom teachers are facing. The problem becomes worse when students’ performance becomes unsystematically incorrect. In such a case, it would be difficult for classroom teachers to pinpoint the exact problems these students are facing. To put it simply, although all language teachers want their students to perform successfully, no one can guarantee systematic successful performance. Accordingly L2 researchers have wondered about why most L2 learners do not achieve the same degree of proficiency in a second language, and why variations occur in the learning and performance of the individual L2 learner. The present study, then, addresses the debate on the causes of variability in L2 learners’ performance. First, it traces the conceptual framework of such a debate and, in so doing, a multidisciplinary approach was adopted. The purpose was to provide a thorough review on the issues pertinent to the present issue under investigation. Examples of such issues are (1) the nature of L2 learners’ knowledge (competence); (2) cognitive psychology and L2 learners’ knowledge; (3) L2 learners’ knowledge from an applied linguistics’ view; (4) information-processing approaches with a special focus on ‘Attention’ research in cognitive psychology and SLA; (5) variation from a sociolinguistic perspective. Second, the present study reports the results of an experiment conducted on fifteen learners of English as an L2, enrolled in the Intensive English programme at the University of Pittsburgh, USA. Results were obtained and conclusions were
Turning on the Heat: Ecological Response to Simulated Warming in the Sea

Significant warming has been observed in every ocean, yet our ability to predict the consequences of oceanic warming on marine biodiversity remains poor. Experiments have been severely limited because, until now, it has not been possible to manipulate seawater temperature in a consistent manner across a range of marine habitats. We constructed a “hot-plate” system to directly examine ecological responses to elevated seawater temperature in a subtidal marine system. The substratum available for colonisation and overlying seawater boundary layer were warmed for 36 days, which resulted in greater biomass of marine organisms and a doubling of space coverage by a dominant colonial ascidian. The “hot-plate” system will facilitate complex manipulations of temperature and multiple stressors in the field to provide valuable information on the response of individuals, populations and communities to environmental change in any aquatic habitat.