Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The ‘gal pal epidemic’

Recent Hollywood media has been preoccupied with reporting on ‘BFFs’ (best friends forever) and ‘gal pals’, where demonstrations of affection between female celebrities are frequently discussed in all manner of print, televisual, and online media. People magazine, reporting on the 2015 Oscars, even invented a new award category in crowning Jennifer Aniston and Emma Stone the ‘Breakout BFFs of the Oscars’ (Bender 2015). This emergent language for describing same-sex female pairs might seem to follow on from the ‘bromance’ phenomenon – despite the neologism ‘womance’ (Winch 2013) not quite acquiring the same cultural prevalence, the terms ‘gal pal’ and ‘BFF’ have become ubiquitous. While on the one hand this evidences a heightened Hollywood celebration (and policing) of female friendship, on the other it is more than noteworthy that gal pal and BFF are frequently used to describe relationships which are either suspected or confirmed as romantic or sexual in nature. More than a means to refer to same-sex female friendship, the BFF or gal pal designation has routinely been used to describe pairs who are physically affectionate in public, romantic on social media, or have confirmed their relationship status – includingMichelle Rodriguez and Cara Delevingne, Alicia Cargile and Kristen Stewart, and Angel Haze and Ireland Baldwin. In other words, the use of the BFF or gal pal label appears to indicate a resistance to reading the (confirmed or likely) sexual nature of these pairings, masking the lesbian possibility with euphemisms of friendship. Haze has spoken out about this phenomenon, explaining (in reference to their relationship with Baldwin) that the media ‘just calls us best friends, best friends for life, like we’re just friends hanging out’, but ‘we fuck and friends don’t fuck’ (Alexander 2014). The BFF label, in these instances, seemingly infantilises sexual relationships between women, comparing them with adolescent intensities – temporary placeholders for future heterosexual couplings. This is perhaps nowhere more pronounced than in the Vogue interview that proclaimed Delevingne’s bisexuality a likely ‘phase’ (Haskell 2015). As Adrienne Rich so famously argues, ‘compulsory heterosexuality’, or the institutionalisation of heterosexuality as ‘natural’, requires the erasure of the possibility of same-sex female relationships (1980, p. 135). It is significant that the so-called gal pal epidemic is occurring at a time when lesbians and bisexuals are represented on television more than ever before and when celebrity lesbians and bisexuals are increasing in numbers seemingly daily. Or, in other words, we might consider this a moment in which it seems untenably dated to refer to same-sex female relationships euphemistically. However, it is also notable that many of the female stars referred to as gal pals resist representing their sexuality in the language of identity – refusing specifically the language of lesbianism as much as the media that reports on them. For instance, while an out lesbian such as Ellen DeGeneres is in no danger of being
Neo-liberalism and the politics of higher education policy in Indonesia

ABSTRACT This paper examines Indonesia's experience with neo-liberal higher education reform. It argues that this agenda has encountered strong resistance from the dominant predatory political, military, and bureaucratic elements who occupy the state apparatus, their corporate clients, and popular forces, leading to continuation of the centralist and predatory system of higher education that was established under the New Order. The only areas in which neo-liberal reform has progressed have been those where the neo-liberal agenda has aligned well with that of popular forces and there has been little resistance from predatory elements. In presenting this argument, the paper illustrates the role of domestic configurations of power and interest in mediating global pressures for neo-liberal higher education reform. It accordingly suggests that Indonesia needs to construct a model of higher education that simultaneously fits with the reigning political settlement and produces better research and teaching outcomes than the present model.
Efficacy and Safety of Foley Catheter Balloon for Cervix Priming in Term Pregnancy.

INTRODUCTION Foley catheter promotes cervix priming by a direct mechanical effect of distension. MATERIAL AND METHODS A prospective observational study was conducted at a tertiary hospital, including all cases of induction of labor with Foley catheter between September 1, 2013 and November 30, 2015. Women were eligible if they had a singleton pregnancy with a Bishop score < 6 and a gestational age ≥ 41 weeks or a medical indication for induction of labor. The primary outcome was the Bishop score variation (difference between Bishop score before and after insertion of Foley catheter). Mode of delivery, induction-to-delivery time, uterine tachysystole with fetal decelerations, peripartum fever ≥ 38º C, maternal pain and mortality were also analyzed. RESULTS Within 201 inductions with Foley catheter, average increase in Bishop score after catheter placement was three (1 - 7), with only 5% (11/201) of unmodified cervix after catheter removal/extrusion. Vaginal delivery rate was 71% (142/201) and in women with a previous cesarean section (n = 40) was 37% (15/40). Average induction-to-delivery time was 38 hours (4 - 120). Uterine infection rate was 3% (6/201). There was only one case of significant vaginal bleeding which required immediate catheter removal. There has been no significative maternal or neonatal morbidity. DISCUSSION/CONCLUSION Foley catheter is a safe and effective method of cervical priming for women with an unfavorable cervix, even in the case of a previous cesarean delivery.
Treatment of plantar fasciitis using four different local injection modalities: a randomized prospective clinical trial.

BACKGROUND To determine the effectiveness of four different local injection modalities in the treatment of plantar fasciitis. METHODS In a prospective randomized multicenter study of plantar fasciitis, 100 patients were divided into four equal groups and were treated using four different methods of local injection: group A was treated with 2 mL of autologous blood alone; group B, an anesthetic (2 mL of lidocaine) combined with peppering; group C, a corticosteroid (2 mL of triamcinolone) alone; and group D, a corticosteroid (2 mL of triamcinolone) combined with peppering. The outcome was defined by using a 10-cm visual analog scale and modified criteria of the Roles and Maudsley score 3 weeks and 6 months after the injection and compared with the pretreatment condition. RESULTS The successful results in all of the groups after injections were higher than those in the pretreatment condition (P = .000). In groups C and D, in which local corticosteroid injections were used, excellent results were obtained, with superior effect in the group in which peppering was used (P < .05). CONCLUSIONS In the treatment of plantar fasciitis, combined corticosteroid injections and peppering is effective and produces better clinical results.
Nonlinear Fokker-Planck Navier-Stokes systems

We consider Navier-Stokes equations coupled to nonlinear FokkerPlanck equations describing the probability distribution of particles interacting with fluids. We describe relations determining the coefficients of the stresses added in the fluid by the particles. These relations link the added stresses to the kinematic effect of the fluid’s velocity on particles and to the inter-particle interaction potential. In equations of type I, where the added stresses depend linearly on the particle distribution density, energy balance requires a response potential. In equations of type II, where the added stresses depend quadratically on the particle distribution, energy balance can be achieved without a dynamic response potential. In unforced energetically balanced equations, all the steady solutions have fluid at rest and particle distributions obeying an uncoupled Onsager equation. Systems of equations of type II have global smooth solutions if inertia is neglected.
News as propaganda

This study presents a comparative content analysis of the overall framing in the news and editorial content of the Six-Party Talks on nuclear issues from three international news media for the years 2003 and 2007. The findings of the study lend support to the idea that international news can be interpreted through a combined view, in which propaganda influences on the media coverage are interconnected with the relationship of the media system and national interests within the framework of the dominant ideology.
IpaA Targets β1 Integrins and Rho to Promote Actin Cytoskeleton Rearrangements Necessary for Shigella Entry*

Shigella invasion into the colonic epithelium involves many steps including the formation of large membrane protrusions by the epithelial cells that facilitate bacterial engulfment. IpaA, a Shigella protein secreted into target cells upon cell contact induces a loss of actin stress fibers in cells and promotes the reorganization of actin at the site of entry. The mechanism for this is not known but is thought to involve recruitment of the focal adhesion protein vinculin to IpaA. Here we have examined the mechanism for the effects of IpaA on the actin cytoskeleton. We show that IpaA-induced loss of actin stress fibers and cell rounding do not require vinculin expression or an intact vinculin binding site on IpaA. Rather, we find that cells expressing IpaA exhibited elevated Rho activity and increased myosin light chain phosphorylation. In addition, IpaA decreases integrin affinity for extracellular matrix ligands by interfering with talin recruitment to the integrin cytoplasmic tail. The combination of these two effects, namely weakened adhesion and increased contractility, account for the loss of actin stress fibers and cell rounding observed in cells exposed to IpaA.
Hepatotoxicity associated with the ingestion of Centella asiatica.

BACKGROUND Hepatotoxicity due to herbal remedies is being increasingly recognized. Centella asiatica (Centella asiatica Linn Urban) is commercialized for multiple conditions. Its active principles are pentacyclic triterpenic saponosides (asiaticoside, madecassoside). CLINICAL CASE STUDIES We present three women (61, 52 and 49 years old) who developed jaundice after taking Centella asiatica for 30, 20 and 60 days. Respective laboratory tests: ALT: 1193, 1694 and 324 U/L; ALP: 503, 472 and 484 U/L; bilirubin: 4.23, 19.89 and 3.9 mg/dl. The first patient also had ASMA 1/160 and AMA 1/320. Respective pathological diagnoses: granulomatous hepatitis with marked necrosis and apoptosis; chronic hepatitis with cirrhotic transformation and intense necroinflammatory activity, and granulomatous hepatitis. All patients improved with Centella asiatica discontinuation, and ursodeoxycholic acid 10 mg/kg/day. The first patient took Centella asiatica again, with recurrence of the damage. The second one had taken this herb a year before. CONCLUSIONS Many plants synthesize hepatotoxic compounds. Germander, Skullcap and Glycyrrhizin contain di- or triterpenic active principles, which can produce hepatic injury by promoting apoptosis and altering cell membranes. We hypothesize that these mechanisms may have resulted in injuries associated with Centella asiatica. The presence of autoantibodies and granulomas also favors an immune-mediated mechanism. Ursodeoxycholic acid has anti-apoptotic properties, but we cannot rule out that Centella asiatica discontinuation alone may have resulted in patient improvement.
TgMORN1 Is a Key Organizer for the Basal Complex of Toxoplasma gondii

Toxoplasma gondii is a leading cause of congenital birth defects, as well as a cause for ocular and neurological diseases in humans. Its cytoskeleton is essential for parasite replication and invasion and contains many unique structures that are potential drug targets. Therefore, the biogenesis of the cytoskeletal structure of T. gondii is not only important for its pathogenesis, but also of interest to cell biology in general. Previously, we and others identified a new T. gondii cytoskeletal protein, TgMORN1, which is recruited to the basal complex at the very beginning of daughter formation. However, its function remained largely unknown. In this study, we generated a knock-out mutant of TgMORN1 (ΔTgMORN1) using a Cre-LoxP based approach. We found that the structure of the basal complex was grossly affected in ΔTgMORN1 parasites, which also displayed defects in cytokinesis. Moreover, ΔTgMORN1 parasites showed significant growth impairment in vitro, and this translated into greatly attenuated virulence in mice. Therefore, our results demonstrate that TgMORN1 is required for maintaining the structural integrity of the parasite posterior end, and provide direct evidence that cytoskeleton integrity is essential for parasite virulence and pathogenesis.
Impact of TFET Unidirectionality and Ambipolarity on the Performance of 6T SRAM Cells

We use mixed device-circuit simulations to predict the performance of 6T static RAM (SRAM) cells implemented with tunnel-FETs (TFETs). Idealized template devices are used to assess the impact of device unidirectionality, which is inherent to TFETs and identify the most promising configuration for the access transistors. The same template devices are used to investigate the VDD range, where TFETs may be advantageous compared to conventional CMOS. The impact of device ambipolarity on SRAM operation is also analyzed. Realistic device templates extracted from experimental data of fabricated state-of-the-art silicon pTFET are then used to estimate the performance gap between the simulation of idealized TFETs and the best experimental implementations.
Neural Stem Cells in the Diabetic Brain

Experimental diabetes in rodents rapidly affects the neurogenic niches of the adult brain. Moreover, behavioral disorders suggest that a similar dysfunction of the neurogenic niches most likely affects diabetic and prediabetic patients. Here, we review our present knowledge about adult neural stem cells, the methods used for their study in diabetic models, and the effects of experimental diabetes. Variations in diet and even a short hyperglycemia profoundly change the structure and the proliferative dynamics of the neurogenic niches. Moreover, alterations of diabetic neurogenic niches appear to be associated with diabetic cognitive disorders. Available evidence supports the hypothesis that, in the adult, early changes of the neurogenic niches might enhance development of the diabetic disease.
State Estimation Over Sensor Networks With Correlated Wireless Fading Channels

Stochastic stability for centralized time-varying Kalman filtering over a wireless sensor network with correlated fading channels is studied. On their route to the gateway, sensor packets, possibly aggregated with measurements from several nodes, may be dropped because of fading links. To study this situation, we introduce a network state process, which describes a finite set of configurations of the radio environment. The network state characterizes the channel gain distributions of the links, which are allowed to be correlated between each other. Temporal correlations of channel gains are modeled by allowing the network state process to form a (semi-)Markov chain. We establish sufficient conditions that ensure the Kalman filter to be exponentially bounded. In the one-sensor case, this new stability condition is shown to include previous results obtained in the literature as special cases. The results also hold when using power and bit-rate control policies, where the transmission power and bit-rate of each node are nonlinear mapping of the network state and channel gains.
Phase II trial of lapatinib for brain metastases in patients with human epidermal growth factor receptor 2-positive breast cancer.

PURPOSE One third of women with advanced human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER-2)-positive breast cancer develop brain metastases; a subset progress in the CNS despite standard approaches. Medical therapies for refractory brain metastases are neither well-studied nor established. We evaluated the safety and efficacy of lapatinib, an oral inhibitor of epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) and HER-2, in patients with HER-2-positive brain metastases. PATIENTS AND METHODS Patients had HER-2-positive breast cancer, progressive brain metastases, prior trastuzumab treatment, and at least one measurable metastatic brain lesion. Patients received lapatinib 750 mg orally twice a day. Tumor response was assessed by magnetic resonance imaging every 8 weeks. The primary end point was objective response (complete response [CR] plus partial response [PR]) in the CNS by Response Evaluation Criteria in Solid Tumors (RECIST). Secondary end points included objective response in non-CNS sites, time to progression, overall survival, and toxicity. RESULTS Thirty-nine patients were enrolled. All patients had developed brain metastases while receiving trastuzumab; 37 had progressed after prior radiation. One patient achieved a PR in the brain by RECIST (objective response rate 2.6%, 95% conditional CI, 0.21% to 26%). Seven patients (18%) were progression free in both CNS and non-CNS sites at 16 weeks. Exploratory analyses identified additional patients with some degree of volumetric reduction in brain tumor burden. The most common adverse events (AEs) were diarrhea (grade 3, 21%) and fatigue (grade 3, 15%). CONCLUSION The study did not meet the predefined criteria for antitumor activity in highly refractory patients with HER-2-positive brain metastases. Because of the volumetric changes observed in our exploratory analysis, further studies are underway utilizing volumetric changes as a primary end point.
Feline Infectious Peritonitis

Infectious peritonitis, a previously undescribed disease entity, was studied in 16 cats. The clinical disease was characterized by fever, ascites, lack of response to therapy, and high mortality. The principal lesion was a diffuse fibrinous peritonitis. The disease was experimentally produced in germ-free and conventional cats. Thus far, no etiologic agent has been demonstrated.
Transposon mutagenesis as a tool to study the role of hemolysin in the virulence of Listeria monocytogenes

The role of hemolysin in the virulence of Listeria monocytogenes was studied by using transposon mutagenesis. The 26-kilobase conjugative transposon Tn1545, originally found in Streptococcus pneumoniae, was transferred to a hemolytic virulent strain of L. monocytogenes. The frequency of transfer was estimated to be about 10(-8) per recipient. This allowed us to isolate a nonhemolytic mutant which most likely harbors a single copy of Tn1545. Loss of hemolysin production was associated with loss of virulence. The 50% lethal dose of the mutant was assessed to about 10(9.6) bacteria per mouse after intravenous challenge. Nonhemolytic bacteria were unable to grow in host tissues and were rapidly eliminated from the spleen and liver of infected mice. Virulence was restored in hemolysin-producing revertant obtained by spontaneous loss of transposon Tn1545. These results strongly suggest that hemolysin is a major virulence factor implicated in the intracellular growth of L. monocytogenes.
Dynamical properties of hybrid automata

Hybrid automata provide a language for modeling and analyzing digital and analogue computations in real-time systems. Hybrid automata are studied here from a dynamical systems perspective. Necessary and sufficient conditions for existence and uniqueness of solutions are derived and a class of hybrid automata whose solutions depend continuously on the initial state is characterized. The results on existence, uniqueness, and continuity serve as a starting point for stability analysis. Lyapunov's theorem on stability via linearization and LaSalle's invariance principle are generalized to hybrid automata.
Diagnosis, prognosis and classification of early arthritis: results of a systematic review informing the 2016 update of the EULAR recommendations for the management of early arthritis

Objective To update the evidence pertaining to the diagnosis, prognosis and classification of patients with early arthritis (EA), and to inform the 2016 European League Against Rheumatism (EULAR) recommendations for the management of patients with EA. Methods MEDLINE, EMBASE and Cochrane databases were searched up to October 2015. The first part of the systematic literature review (SLR) involved a search for studies investigating the recognition and referral of EA. The second part involved a search for studies to identify the place of laboratory and imaging tests in establishing a diagnosis and a prognosis in patients with EA. Results Regarding the issue of referral of patients with EA (1643 hits), 4 studies were included. These studies were in support of early referral for patients with EA. Regarding the issue of diagnosis and prognosis of patients with EA (11 435 hits), 88 studies were included, evaluating mainly the value of rheumatoid factor (RF) and anticitrullinated-peptide antibodies (ACPAs). Sensitivity of these antibodies for a RA diagnosis in patients with EA was moderate (40–80%). Specificity was higher, notably for ACPAs (frequently >80%). ACPAs also showed better prognostic performance than RF (negative predictive values around 80%). We confirmed that structural damage on baseline X-rays is predictive of further radiographic progression in patients with EA. Regarding other imaging modalities, data are sparse. Conclusions This SLR highlights the importance of early referral for patients with EA and confirms that RF and mainly ACPAs as well as a search for structural X-rays changes may help in the diagnosis and prognosis of patients with EA.
Paneth cell defensins and innate immunity of the small bowel.

Evidence from many lines of investigation supports the hypothesis that the release of gene-encoded antimicrobial peptides by epithelial cells contributes to innate mucosal immunity. In the small intestine, Paneth cells at the base of the crypts of Lieberkühn secrete defensins and other antimicrobial proteins in response to bacteria. It is likely that the Paneth cell products released into the narrow lumen of the crypt help to protect the epithelial stem cells from noxious microbes. The stem cells, which reside at the neck of the crypt, are responsible for continual renewal of epithelial cells, which line both the small intestinal villi and crypts. In addition to this protective function, Paneth cell secretions also may interact with bacteria that exist in the intestinal lumen and affect the composition of the enteric microbial flora. Mouse matrilysin, a metalloproteinase produced by Paneth cells, proteolytically processes prodefensin precursors to mature defensins. Disruption of the matrilysin gene in transgenic mice eliminates production of mature defensins and results in defective clearing of orally administered Escherichia coli and increased susceptibility to virulent Salmonella typhimurium. Further defining the mechanisms that regulate Paneth cell function should improve our understanding of the role of these cells, and their products, in sustaining normal small bowel function. The investigation of possible defects in Paneth cell biology in the pathophysiology of Crohn’s disease and ulcerative colitis may prove to be a valuable area for future studies. HOST DEFENSE AT THE MUCOSA OF THE SMALL INTESTINE