Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Explicit relevance models in intent-oriented information retrieval diversification

The intent-oriented search diversification methods developed in the field so far tend to build on generative views of the retrieval system to be diversified. Core algorithm components in particular redundancy assessment are expressed in terms of the probability to observe documents, rather than the probability that the documents be relevant. This has been sometimes described as a view considering the selection of a single document in the underlying task model. In this paper we propose an alternative formulation of aspect-based diversification algorithms which explicitly includes a formal relevance model. We develop means for the effective computation of the new formulation, and we test the resulting algorithm empirically. We report experiments on search and recommendation tasks showing competitive or better performance than the original diversification algorithms. The relevance-based formulation has further interesting properties, such as unifying two well-known state of the art algorithms into a single version. The relevance-based approach opens alternative possibilities for further formal connections and developments as natural extensions of the framework. We illustrate this by modeling tolerance to redundancy as an explicit configurable parameter, which can be set to better suit the characteristics of the IR task, or the evaluation metrics, as we illustrate empirically.
Branching Programs, Grammar Systems and the NC1 Class

Cooperating distributed grammar systems (CDGSs) are sets of Chomsky grammars that work sequentially on a common sentential form according to a specified protocol of cooperation. Branching programs (BPs) are fundamental models of non-uniform computation that simultaneously capture time and space in sequential computation. In this paper we deal with simulations of CDGSs by bounded width branching programs (BWBPs). We present several lower and upper bounds for time, space and cooperation (communication) complexity measures for CDGSs that emerge from these simulations. It is widely known that the class of languages recognizable by BWBPs equals the NC1 class, i.e., the class of languages recognizable by fan-in two, logarithmic-depth and polynomial-size uniform Boolean circuits. With respect to this result and the simulations presented in this paper, the class of the Szilard languages associated to derivations in CDGSs are related to the NC1 class.
Noise robust integration for blind and non-blind reverberation time estimation

The estimation of the decay rate of a signal section is an integral component of both blind and non-blind reverberation time estimation methods. Several decay rate estimators have previously been proposed, based on, e.g., linear regression and maximum-likelihood estimation. Unfortunately, most approaches are sensitive to background noise, and/or are fairly demanding in terms of computational complexity. This paper presents a low complexity decay rate estimator, robust to stationary noise, for reverberation time estimation. Simulations using artificial signals, and experiments with speech in ventilation noise, demonstrate the performance and noise robustness of the proposed method.
Improving the performance of intelligent stock trading systems by using a high level representation for the inputs

Intelligent stock trading systems use soft computing techniques for forecasting the trend of the stock price. But the so-called noise in the market usually results in overtrading and loss of profit. In order to reduce the effect of noise on the trading decisions, high level representations can be used for the output of the trading systems. But the technical indicators which act as the inputs of the trading system, suffer from these short term irregularities as well. This paper suggests a high level representation for the technical indicators to match the level of information in the outputs. Digital low pass filters are carefully designed to remove the transient fluctuations of the technical indicators without losing too much information. Several experiments on different stocks in Tehran Stock Exchange shows a major improvement in the performance of the intelligent stock trading systems.
Development of a varactor‐controlled dual‐frequency reconfigurable microstrip antenna

A new design for a compact electronically reconfigurable single‐feed dual‐frequency dual‐polarized operation of a square‐microstrip antenna capable of achieving tunable frequency ratios in the range 1.1 to 1.37 is proposed and experimentally studied. Varactor diodes integrated with the arms of the hexagonal slot and embedded in the square patch are used to tune the operating frequencies by applying reverse‐bias voltage. The design has the advantage of size reduction up to 73.21% and 49.86% for the two resonant frequencies, respectively, as compared to standard rectangular patches. The antenna offers good bandwidth of 5.74% and 5.36% for the two operating frequencies. A highly simplified tuning circuitry without any transmission lines adds to the compactness of the design. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 46: 375–377, 2005; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/mop.20991
Labeling and Partial Arc Consistency for Soft Constraints

In this paper we generalize to soft constraints the techniques and approximations usually used for local consistency in classical constraint satisfaction and programming. The theoretical results show that this is indeed possible without loosing the fundamental properties of such techniques, and the experimental results (on partial arc-consistency) show that this work can help develop more eecient implementations for logic-based languages working with soft constraints.
Adaptive Chinese Word Segmentation

This paper presents a Chinese word segmentation system which can adapt to different domains and standards. We first present a statistical framework where domain-specific words are identified in a unified approach to word segmentation based on linear models. We explore several features and describe how to create training data by sampling. We then describe a transformation-based learning method used to adapt our system to different word segmentation standards. Evaluation of the proposed system on five test sets with different standards shows that the system achieves state- of-the-art performance on all of them.
Modeling Selective Perception of Complex, Natural Scenes

Computational modeling of the human visual system is of current interest to developers of artificial vision systems, primarily because a biologically-inspired model can offer solutions to otherwise intractable image understanding problems. The purpose of this study is to present a biologically-inspired model of selective perception that augments a stimulus-driven approach with a high-level algorithm that takes into account particularly informative regions in the scene. The representation is compact and given in the form of a topographic map of relative perceptual conspicuity values. Other recent attempts at compact scene representation consider only low-level information that codes salient features such as color, edge, and luminance values. The previous attempts do not correlate well with subjects' fixation locations during viewing of complex images or natural scenes. This study uses high-level information in the form of figure/ground segmentation, potential object detection, and task-specific location bias. The results correlate well with the fixation densities of human viewers of natural scenes, and can be used as a preprocessing module for image understanding or intelligent surveillance applications.
DEVSJAVA: Basis for a DEVS-based Collaborative M&S Environment

A web-enabled DEVS modeling and simulation environment (DEVSJAVA) based on the DEVS formalism and implemented in Java language is discussed. This first generation of DEVSJAVA is an amalgamation of the proven object-oriented DEVS and key web-centric capabilities offered by the Java language. DEVSJAVA offers its users the ability to construct and experiment with dynamic models based on web technology. This modeling and simulation tool provides a graphically oriented interface through which users can learn and study the fundamentals of discrete-event modeling and simulation. It facilitates model development and simulation independent of hardware platform using Java-enabled browsers. Furthermore, it provides the foundation to enable collaborative modeling and simulation.
Early memories of warmth and safeness and eating psychopathology: The mediating role of social safeness and body appreciation

Research on human development and functioning has highlighted the importance of earlyemotional and relational experiences. Particularly, an association between the absenceof early positive memories and the presence of disordered eating has been evidenced byrecent investigations. However, the study of the mechanisms underlying this associationremains unclear.Using a sample of 490 women, the hypothesis that early positive memories are negativelyassociated with disordered eating via social safeness and a positive relationship withone’s body image was tested via path analysis. The tested model explained 51% of eatingpsychopathology’s variance, and revealed a good adjustment to the empirical data. Additionally, social safeness and body appreciation were revealed as mediators of the impact of early warm and safe memories on disordered eating, when controlling for the effect of BMI.These findings suggest the importance of targeting social safeness and acceptance, especiallywhen defining potentially effective programmes for the prevention of eating disorders.
Series Models of WWW-Traffic : a Comparison of Pareto and Logarithmic Histogram Models

In this paper we present results from measurements of WWW-traffic, the analysis of the data measured, and derive two simple models that could be used to describe WWW-traffic for performance assessment purposes. We analyze client WWW-sessions that are characterized by the size of the response and inter-response intervals. The samples of both categories are found to exhibit heavy-tailed properties. Thus, we represent WWW-traffic by two models: an independent Pareto model and a logarithmic histogram model. The models are evaluated by simulating the transmission of traffic generated by the models over an ATM link using the VBR service category. We show that the histogram model is able to represent the properties of WWW-traffic with higher accuracy while the Pareto model is able to resume the characteristics of WWWtraffic with fewer parameters. University of Würzburg Institute of Computer Science Research Report Series Models of WWW-Traffic: a Comparison of Pareto and Logarithmic Histogram Models Norbert Vicari Report No.: 198 March 1998 Institute of Computer Science, University of Würzburg, Am Hubland, D 97074 Würzburg, Germany Tel. : +49 931 888 5505, Fax. : +49 931 888 4601 e-mail: vicari@informatik.uni-wuerzburg.de
Spectral signatures of viewing a needle approaching one's body when anticipating pain

When viewing the needle of a syringe approaching your skin, anticipation of a painful prick may lead to increased arousal. How this anticipation is reflected in neural oscillatory activity and how it relates to activity within the autonomic nervous system is thus far unknown. Recently, we found that viewing needle pricks compared with Q‐tip touches increases the pupil dilation response (PDR) and perceived unpleasantness of electrical stimuli. Here, we used high‐density electroencephalography to investigate whether anticipatory oscillatory activity predicts the unpleasantness of electrical stimuli and PDR while viewing a needle approaching a hand that is perceived as one's own. We presented video clips of needle pricks and Q‐tip touches, and delivered spatiotemporally aligned painful and nonpainful intracutaneous electrical stimuli. The perceived unpleasantness of electrical stimuli and the PDR were enhanced when participants viewed needle pricks compared with Q‐tip touches. Source reconstruction using linear beamforming revealed reduced alpha‐band activity in the posterior cingulate cortex (PCC) and fusiform gyrus before the onset of electrical stimuli when participants viewed needle pricks compared with Q‐tip touches. Moreover, alpha‐band activity in the PCC predicted PDR on a single trial level. The anticipatory reduction of alpha‐band activity in the PCC may reflect a neural mechanism that serves to protect the body from forthcoming harm by facilitating the preparation of adequate defense responses.
Social media security culture

Social media provides both opportunities and risks for any organization. Secure integration of social media platforms in organizational ICT infrastructures tends to be focused mainly on technical aspects. Social media security management usually ignores the human dimension, but protection can only be achieved through a holistic approach. Social media security culture must be part of the overall organizational culture. From a survey conducted to determine social media guidelines, a management model was developed for creating, monitoring and controlling social media security culture. The management model will be mapped to an assessment and reporting tool.
Peak-to-Average Power Ratio analysis in MIMO systems

In this paper, we analyze the peak-to-average power ratio (PAPR) in multiple input multiple output (MIMO) systems based on Alamouti diversity scheme. This analysis is at both transmitter and receiver sides with channel influences. By giving mathematical formulations of the Alamouti scheme signals, we give an upper bound of this signal when Nyquist shaping (raised cosine) filter is considered with ideal channel. The PAPR is derived for binary phase-shift keying (BPSK). Furthermore, we analyze the additive white Gaussian noise (AWGN) influence on the cumulative distribution function (CDF) of PAPR of a received signal when a deterministic signal is transmitted
Effect of Speech Transformation on Impostor Acceptance

This paper investigates the effect of voice transformation on automatic speaker recognition system performance. We focus on increasing the impostor acceptance rate, by modifying the voice of an impostor in order to target a specific speaker. This paper is based on the following idea: in several applications and particularly in forensic situations, it is reasonable to think that some organizations have a knowledge on the speaker recognition method used and could impersonate a given, well known speaker. This paper presents some experiments based on NIST SRE 2005 protocol and a simple impostor voice transformation method. The results show that this simple voice transformation allows a drastic increase of the false acceptance rate, without a degradation of the natural aspect of the voice
Caveolin moves from caveolae to the Golgi apparatus in response to cholesterol oxidation

Caveolae are a membrane specialization used to internalize molecules by potocytosis. Caveolin, an integral membrane protein, is associated with the striated coat present on the cytoplasmic surface of the caveolae membrane. We now report that oxidation of caveolar cholesterol with cholesterol oxidase rapidly displaces the caveolin from the plasma membrane to intracellular vesicles that colocalize with Golgi apparatus markers. After the enzyme is removed from the medium, caveolin returns to caveolae. When untreated cells are gently homogenized, caveolin on the plasma membrane is accessible to both anti-caveolin IgG and trypsin. After cholesterol oxidase treatment, however, Golgi-associated caveolin is inaccessible to both of these molecules. Brefeldin A, which inhibits ER to Golgi trafficking, blocks the appearance of caveolin in the Golgi apparatus but does not prevent caveolin from leaving the plasma membrane. Indirect immunogold localization experiments show that in the presence of cholesterol oxidase caveolin leaves the plasma membrane and becomes associated with endoplasmic reticulum and Golgi compartments. Surprisingly, the loss of caveolin from the plasma membrane does not affect the number or morphology of the caveolae.
Look Alike/ Sound Alike Algorithms for Assessing Drug Name Similarities

Approximately 12.5 percent of the medication errors reported to the FDA are a result of confusion between drug names, which can have a direct and serious health consequence to a patient. Factors contributing to the confusion include illegible handwriting, similar packaging and labeling, incorrect selection from a computerized list, incomplete knowledge of drug names, newly available products, or unclear verbal directions in a busy office. These errors are often caused by confusion between drug names with similar pronunciation (phonetic similarity) or similar spelling (orthographic similarity).
Self-compassion of street children based on Gender, age, and education

This research aimed to describethe self-compassion of street children in Medan City regarding demographic data,namely gender, age, and education. Subjects involved in this study were 300 street children, aged 12-18 years and attended both formal and non-formal education. The sample of this study was selected by using incidental sampling technique. The data was collected through the spreading of self-compassion questionnaires. The self-compassion scale was developed based on self-compassion theory by Kristin Neff, composed of three components: self-kindness vs. self-judgment, common humanity vs. isolation, and mindfulness vs. over-identification. The data were processed by using One Way ANOVA statistical analysis. The results showed that self-compassion of street children differ significantly regarding education, where subjects with non-formal education have the highest self-compassion compared to subjects with elementary, junior high, and high school / vocational education. Whereas regarding gender and age, the results showed that selfcompassion of street children does not differ significantly.
QoS Management of Real-Time Applications in NVRAM-Based Multi-Core Smartphones

This paper presents a QoS management scheme for real-time applications in multi-core smartphones. Specifically, the proposed scheme guarantees the end-to-end QoS of real-time applications like a movie player, while also provides reasonable latency for other applications. To this end, we analyze the program execution path of smartphones and observe two sources of unpredictable latency that may threaten the deadline-guarantee of real-time tasks. The first is the sporadic execution of garbage collection performed in NAND flash memory and the second is the time-quantum-based completely fair scheduler used in Android. Our scheme handles these situations by two architectural supports with novel mechanisms. First, we adopt high performance NVRAM as the storage of real-time applications. By storing real-time applications and their data in NVRAM, constant I/O latency is guaranteed as NVRAM does not incur garbage collection. Second, we propose a dual-purpose scheduler, in which one core is exclusively used for a real-time task. Though CPU cycles may be wasted during the I/O execution, we show that the CPU utilization is not degraded largely as NVRAM provides sufficiently fast I/O. Experimental results show that the proposed scheme reduces the deadline miss ratio of real-time applications by 92% compared to conventional blocking I/O used in Android.
Current measures of PTSD for children and adolescents.

OBJECTIVE To review measures of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and posttraumatic stress symptoms (PSS) for children and adolescents. METHODS We reviewed broad-based child mental health journals within the disciplines of pediatrics, child psychology, and trauma, from 1995 to 2004, to identify measures of PTSD and PSS for children and adolescents. The review includes a summary of the psychometric properties and associated features of the measures and the clinical domains and types of studies using each measure. RESULTS Seven measures of PTSD and PSS were identified, including clinician-administered interviews and self-report questionnaires. Sixty-five articles containing the measures were categorized into eight trauma domains. We found there is little consensus over measures used within each trauma domain. CONCLUSIONS Few measures of PTSD and PSS have been designed specifically for young people. Further directions for measurement of PTSD in this age group are discussed to prevent under-diagnosis and under-treatment for youth.
INDUCTION OF MACROPHAGE PLASMINOGEN ACTIVATOR BY ENDOTOXIN STIMULATION AND PHAGOCYTOSIS

The injection of thioglycollate medium into the peritoneal cavity of the mouse induces high levels of macrophage fibrinolytic activity due to the production and secretion of a plasminogen activator, a trypsinlike serine protease, which is absent in unstimulated macrophages. Intraperitoneal injection of endotoxin or mineral oil can stimulate only a fraction (<10%) of the fibrinolytic activity of thioglycollate cells, similar to the partial stimulation (<10%) seen 1–2 days after phagocytosis of latex or SRBC by unstimulated macrophages. The endotoxin-stimulated macrophages contain and release relatively low levels of plasminogen activator, but these primed cells can be triggered to produce and secrete high levels of enzyme, by phagocytosis of latex. Under conditions where the plasminogen activator is induced and secreted, there are no effects on the production and/or release of lysozyme or intracellular acid hydrolases, Discovery of a two-stage procedure for inducing macrophage plasminogen activator made it possible to study the role of cell priming and phagocytosis separately. Endotoxin was a more effective priming agent, weight for weight, than lipid A:BSA complex. Secretion of the plasminogen activator was induced only by thioglycollate, or endotoxin and latex. In situ fibrinolysis was induced by these agents and mineral oil, BCG, and fetal calf serum, in decreasing order of effectiveness. Phagocytosis of latex in all cases except thioglycollate stimulation, increased fibrinolytic activity from three- to sixfold. Latex and a variety of other particles such as M. lysodeikticus, aggregated γ-globulin and immune complexes showed dose-dependent stimulation of fibrinolysis by endotoxin-primed macrophages. Although the initial phagocytic trigger was not specific for the substance employed, the ability to induce a sustained response depended on the persistence of the phagocytized particle within the cell. Fibrinolysis and secretion of plasminogen activator continued at high levels for at least 9 days after uptake of latex, a nondigestible particle, whereas plasminogen activator was secreted only transiently after ingestion of rapidly digested M. lysodeikticus. The induction of plasminogen activator secretion provides a mechanism by which the activated macrophage can exert a selective effect on its extracellular environment.
Loved or listened to? Parent and practitioner perspectives on young children’s well-being

ABSTRACT Well-being is a significant concept in research, policy and practice in education, but consensus about what it is is challenging. In addition, the well-being of children under eight is under-researched. Using online surveys, this paper looks at the perspectives of 155 parent/carers and 285 practitioners in England on young children’s well-being. In many areas, there were high levels of agreement: the importance of fun and laughter, feeling good about oneself, feeling listened to, good family relationships, time and space to play and opportunities to express thoughts and feelings. Parents/carers emphasized ‘love’ whilst practitioners emphasized listening to children. Practitioners also strongly emphasized the importance of their relationships with children and parents/carers. The paper concludes that, whilst the perspectives of parents/carers and practitioners are valuable, a full understanding of young children’s well-being needs to include their voices as well as those of adults.