Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Deficient production of a thymus-dependent high affinity antibody subset in mice (CBA/N) with an X-linked B lymphocyte defect.

Since the original demonstration by Amsbaugh et al. (1) that a sub-line of CBA/H (CBA/N) mice has a recessive X-linked genetic defect which prevents them from responding to type III pneumococcal polysaccharide this sub-line of mice has come under intensive study, particularly by Scher and his colleagues (2–9). These workers have established that the X-linked defect is expressed in B cells (4) and that by a number of criteria the T cells of the mice with the defect are indistinguishable from those of appropriate control mice (4). They have further shown that the defect preferentially inhibits the response to so called “thymus-independent antigens” (1, 2, 5, 9); it leads to a much smaller deficit in the response to “thymus-dependent antigens”. CBA/N B cells are intrinsically defective and are not influenced by the environment in which they reside (4, 9). The defect can best be explained as a failure of maturation or differentiation in that it has been shown that adult CBA/N mice lack a population of B cells which is also lacking in young (but not mature) normal mice (6, 7).
Heavy water and (15) N labelling with NanoSIMS analysis reveals growth rate-dependent metabolic heterogeneity in chemostats.

To measure single-cell microbial activity and substrate utilization patterns in environmental systems, we employ a new technique using stable isotope labelling of microbial populations with heavy water (a passive tracer) and (15) N ammonium in combination with multi-isotope imaging mass spectrometry. We demonstrate simultaneous NanoSIMS analysis of hydrogen, carbon and nitrogen at high spatial and mass resolution, and report calibration data linking single-cell isotopic compositions to the corresponding bulk isotopic equivalents for Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Staphylococcus aureus. Our results show that heavy water is capable of quantifying in situ single-cell microbial activities ranging from generational time scales of minutes to years, with only light isotopic incorporation (∼0.1 atom % (2) H). Applying this approach to study the rates of fatty acid biosynthesis by single cells of S. aureus growing at different rates in chemostat culture (∼6 h, 1 day and 2 week generation times), we observe the greatest anabolic activity diversity in the slowest growing populations. By using heavy water to constrain cellular growth activity, we can further infer the relative contributions of ammonium versus amino acid assimilation to the cellular nitrogen pool. The approach described here can be applied to disentangle individual cell activities even in nutritionally complex environments.
Towards an in-depth understanding of privacy parameters for randomized sanitization mechanisms

Differential privacy, and close other notions such as dχ-privacy, is at the heart of the privacy framework when considering the use of randomization to ensure data privacy. Such a guarantee is always submitted to some trade-off between the privacy level and the accuracy of the result. While a privacy parameter of the differentially private algorithms leverages this trade-off, it is often a hard task to choose a meaningful value for this numerical parameter. Only a few works have tackled this issue, and the present paper’s goal is to continue this effort in two ways. First, we propose a generic framework to decide whether a privacy parameter value is sufficient to prevent from some pre-determined and well-understood risks for privacy. Second, we instantiate our framework on mobility data from reallife datasets, and show some insightful features necessary for practical applications of randomized sanitization mechanisms. In our framework, we model scenarii where an attacker’s goal is to de-sanitize some data previously sanitized in the sense of dχprivacy, a privacy guarantee close to that of differential privacy. To each attack is associated a meaningful risk of data disclosure, and the level of success for the attack suggests a relevant value for the corresponding privacy parameter.
KNN Kernel Shift Clustering with Highly Effective Memory Usage

This paper presents a novel clustering algorithm with highly effective memory usage. The algorithm, called kNN kernel shift, classifies samples based on underlying probability density function. In clustering algorithms based on density, a local mode of the density represents a cluster center. It is effective to shift each sample to a point having higher density, considering the density gradient. Estimation of density and determination of the shifting are calculated using distance between samples. Large memory is necessary because the number of all combinations of N samples is O(N 2 ). We propose a mode seeking approach using only neighbor samples in order to save memory. Experimental results show the effectiveness of the proposed algorithm in terms of clustering accuracy, processing time, and memory usage.
Motivational peculiarities of schoolteachers in Russia

The objective of this research is to study the subject matter and the structure of motivation of Russian teachers at schools of Kazan (Russia). Collection of information was arranged using the "Diagnostics of Partial Orientation of a Teacher's Personality" guideline, the "Motivation for Success and the Fear of Failure" poll by A.A. Rean, the "Diagnostics of Polymotivational Trends in the 'Self-Concept' of Personality" guideline by S.M. Petrov. The ascertaining experiment resulted in estimation and comparison of educators depending on their primary orientation. The motivational orientation as well as motivational preferences of schoolteacher of Kazan (Russia) were studied. Besides, the problem areas in the work of teachers were revealed and further path of professional development of teachers was singled out. The results of the research can be used for rendering psychological aid to teachers, for certification of teachers, and for recruitment. (Kalatzkay N.N. Motivational peculiarities of schoolteachers in Russia. Life Sci J 2014;11(11s):243-247) (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite. com. 55
Eighteen-Month-Old Fischer 344 Rats Fed a Spinach-Enriched Diet Show Improved Delay Classical Eyeblink Conditioning and Reduced Expression of Tumor Necrosis Factor α (TNFα) and TNFβ in the Cerebellum

Diets high in antioxidant properties are known to reverse some deficits in neuronal and cognitive function that occur in aging animals. Antioxidants are also known to reduce levels of proinflammatory factors in the CNS. We report here that 6 weeks of a spinach-enriched diet ameliorates deficits in cerebellar-dependent delay classical eyeblink learning and reduces the proinflammatory cytokines tumor necrosis factor α (TNFα) and TNFβ in the cerebelli of eyeblink-trained animals. Eighteen-month-old Fischer 344 rats were given spinach-enriched lab chow or regular lab chow for 6 weeks. The rats were then given 6 d of 30 trials per day training using a 3 kHz tone conditioned stimulus and airpuff unconditioned stimulus. Rats were killed 3 weeks after eyeblink training. Cytokine expression was measured using RNase protection assay analysis in the eyeblink-trained animals and in a group of young control animals given regular lab chow diet. Old animals on the spinach-enriched lab chow diet learned delay eyeblink conditioning significantly faster than old animals on the regular diet. Cerebelli from older animals on the spinach-enriched diet had significantly less TNFα and TNFβ than cerebelli from older animals on the control diet.
Sr-90 Deposition Observed in Central and Northeast Honshu Island, Japan, after the Fukushima Dai-ichi Nuclear Power Plant Accident

Monthly depositions of anthropogenic radionuclides, which directly reflect atmospheric processes including emission from the Fukushima Dai-ichi Nuclear Power Plant (FDNPP), are an important probe to re-construct FDNPP accident sequence. Japanese radioactivity survey network monitored monthly 90Sr deposition after the FDNPP accident. The highest monthly 90Sr deposition (470±17 Bq m-2) was observed in March 2011 at Futaba near the FDNPP site, which is the same order of magnitude as that due to global fallout observed in 1963. The higher 90Sr deposition in March 2011 occurred in the Kanto and inland of the Tohoku areas. The monthly 90Sr deposition decreased with time, as did 137Cs. Atmospheric effect of the FDNPP-derived 90Sr continued more than 1 year. 90Sr/137Cs activity ratios in March 2011, which were in the range from 0.99 × 10-4 to 3 × 10-4, showed no large spatial variation. This result allowed us to estimate total atmospheric emission of 90Sr from the FDNPP accident from the total atmospheric release of 137Cs. The total release amount of 90Sr at an early stage of accident was calculated to be 2.7 – 3.6TBq.
West Nile Virus Surveillance using Sentinel Birds

Abstract: Captive and free‐ranging birds have been used for decades as living sentinels in arbovirus surveillance programs. This review summarizes information relevant to selecting sentinel bird species for use in surveillance of West Nile (WN) virus. Although experience using avian sentinels for WN virus surveillance is limited, sentinels should be useful for both detecting and monitoring WN virus transmission; however, sentinel bird surveillance systems have yet to be adequately tested for use with the North American strain of WN virus. Captive chickens are typically used for arbovirus surveillance, but other captive species may be used as well. Serosurvey and experimental infection data suggest that both chickens and pigeons show promise as useful captive sentinels; both species were naturally exposed during the epizootics in New York City, 1999‐2000, and both species develop antibodies after infection without becoming highly infectious to Culex pipiens vectors. Wild bird species that should be targeted for use as free‐ranging sentinels include house sparrows and pigeons. The ideal wild bird should be determined locally on the basis of seroprevalence studies. Interpreting serological data generated from studies using free‐ranging sentinel birds is complex, however. Sentinel bird monitoring sites should be selected in enzootic transmission foci. Several years of observation may be required for selection of effective sentinel monitoring sites.
Near-optimal Batch Mode Active Learning and Adaptive Submodular Optimization

Active learning can lead to a dramatic reduction in labeling effort. However, in many practical implementations (such as crowdsourcing, surveys, high-throughput experimental design), it is preferable to query labels for batches of examples to be labelled in parallel. While several heuristics have been proposed for batch-mode active learning, little is known about their theoretical performance. We consider batch mode active learning and more general information-parallel stochastic optimization problems that exhibit adaptive submodularity, a natural diminishing returns condition. We prove that for such problems, a simple greedy strategy is competitive with the optimal batch-mode policy. In some cases, surprisingly, the use of batches incurs competitively low cost, even when compared to a fully sequential strategy. We demonstrate the effectiveness of our approach on batch-mode active learning tasks, where it outperforms the state of the art, as well as the novel problem of multi-stage influence maximization in social networks.
Pilot interference cancellation technology for CDMA cellular networks

This paper considers the link-level and network-level performance of code division multiple access (CDMA) pilot interference cancellation (pilot IC) technology, a low-complexity advanced receiver technology being considered for use in commercial third generation (3G) CDMA cellular systems. The concept behind this technology is to estimate and cancel at the handset receiver the interference effects associated with CDMA downlink pilot signals broadcast from the base stations of the network. The canceling of interference at the receiver improves the signal-to-interference/noise ratio (SINR), which enables increased cell capacity or throughput. In this paper, we derive SINR expressions for evaluating the probability of error performance of both the RAKE and pilot IC handset receivers, under conventional random spreading code assumptions. The approach can easily and accurately model a wide variety of transmitter, channel, and receiver conditions, including the effects of channel estimation. We also utilize radio network simulations to illustrate and quantify the capacity gains available for 3G CDMA networks through the use of pilot IC handsets. Network simulations are also used to examine the reduced level of soft-handoff found to be possible in pilot IC-based networks and the increased flexibility available in setting pilot power levels. We further consider the impact of using stronger pilot signals for improving the demodulation performance of sensitive higher-order modulation constellations that are needed to support spectrally efficient high-rate data services.
Effects of Encoding Strategy on Long-Term Memory for Odours

The effects of various encoding tasks on long-term recognition of odours were examined. Different groups of subjects were instructed (a) to form visual images of the source of the odour, (b) to generate the name of the odour and provide a dictionary-like definition, or (c) to describe a life episode of which the odour reminded them. A no-strategy control was simply told to try to remember the odours for a subsequent recognition test. One week later, subjects performed a yes–no recognition test for the odours. The second and third groups displayed significantly higher recognition than the controls. The visual imagery group did not differ significantly from the control group. The results seem to be accounted for best by dual coding theory.
The CLN3/SWI6/CLN2 pathway and SNF1 act sequentially to regulate meiotic initiation in Saccharomyces cerevisiae

Background: IME1, which is required for the initiation of meiosis, is regulated by Cln3:Cdc28 kinase, which activates the G1‐to‐S transition, and Snf1 kinase, which mediates glucose repression. Here we examine the pathway by which Cln3:Cdc28p represses IME1 and the relationship between Cln3:Cdc28p and Snf1p in this regulation.
Linguistically directed attention to the temporal aspect of action events in monolingual English speakers and Chinese–English bilingual speakers with varying English proficiency*

Chinese and English speakers seem to hold different conceptions of time which may be related to the different codings of time in the two languages. Employing a sentence–picture matching task, we have investigated this linguistic relativity in Chinese–English bilinguals varying in English proficiency and found that those with high proficiency performed differently from those with low proficiency. Additional monolingual English data, reported here, showed further that high-proficiency bilinguals performed similarly to the English monolinguals, suggesting that Chinese speakers’ sensitivity to the time of an action event might be modifiable according to the extent of their experience with a tensed language.
A single vs. multi-sensor approach to enhanced detection of smartphone placement

In this paper, the authors evaluate the ability to detect on-body device placement of smartphones. A feasibility study is undertaken with N=5 participants to identify nine key locations, including in the hand, thigh and backpack, using a multitude of commonly available smartphone sensors. Sensors examined include the accelerometer, magnetometer, gyroscope, pressure and light sensors. Each sensor is examined independently, to identify the potential contributions it can offer, before a fused approach, using all sensors is adopted. A total of 139 features are generated from these sensors, and used to train five machine learning algorithms, i.e. C4.5, CART, Naïve Bayes, Multilayer Perceptrons, and Support Vector Machines. Ten-fold cross validation is used to validate these models, achieving classification results as high as 99%.
Expression of cyclin-D1 in uveal malignant melanoma.

BACKGROUND Uveal malignant melanoma (MM) is characterized by a marked variability in biological behavior and by an unpredictable clinical course. Therefore the search for reliable prognostic parameters is active. In this study we investigated the immunohistochemical expression of cyclin D1, a cell cycle regulatory molecule, to analyze the possible significance of the protein in the prognostic evaluation of these neoplasms. MATERIALS AND METHODS Forty-five selected uveal MM were incubated with the anti-cyclin D-1 antibody; the findings were compared with the follow-up data, with the cell type and with the largest tumor dimension. RESULTS The overexpression of cyclin D1 was found to be inversely related to disease-free interval (p < 0.001) and to the spindle A/B tumors with good prognosis (p = 0.05). On the other hand, a direct correlation was found with epithelioid/spindle B melanomas with poor clinical course (p = 0.05) and with sclera infiltration (p = 0.01). No statistically significant relation emerged between cyclin D1 expression and LTD. CONCLUSION These data may suggest a possible role of the overexpression of cyclin D1 in the tumorigenesis of uveal MM and in the prognostic evaluation of these tumors, representing a useful tool to subclassify lesions with similar morphological features.
An Enhanced k-Means Clustering Algorithm for Pattern Discovery in Healthcare Data

The huge amounts of data generated by media sensors in health monitoring systems, by medical diagnosis that produce media (audio, video, image, and text) content, and from health service providers are too complex and voluminous to be processed and analyzed by traditional methods. Data mining approaches offer the methodology and technology to transform these heterogeneous data into meaningful information for decision making. This paper studies data mining applications in healthcare. Mainly, we study k-means clustering algorithms on large datasets and present an enhancement to k-means clustering, which requires k or a lesser number of passes to a dataset. The proposed algorithm, which we call G-means, utilizes a greedy approach to produce the preliminary centroids and then takes k or lesser passes over the dataset to adjust these center points. Our experimental results, which were used in an increasing manner on the same dataset, show that G-means outperforms k-means in terms of entropy and F-scores. The experiments also yield better results for G-means in terms of the coefficient of variance and the execution time.
Any animal whatever. Darwinian building blocks of morality in monkeys and apes

To what degree has biology influenced and shaped the development of moral systems? One way to determine the extent to which human moral systems might be the product of natural selection is to explore behaviour in other species that is analogous and perhaps homologous to our own. Many non-human primates, for example, have similar methods to humans for resolving, managing, and preventing conflicts of interests within their groups. Such methods, which include reciprocity and food sharing, reconciliation, consolation, conflict intervention, and mediation, are the very building blocks of moral systems in that they are based on and facilitate cohesion among individuals and reflect a concerted effort by community members to find shared solutions to social conflict. Furthermore, these methods of resource distribution and conflict resolution often require or make use of capacities for empathy, sympathy, and sometimes even community concern. Non-human primates in societies in which such mechanisms are present may not be exactly moral beings, but they do show signs of a sense of social regularity that — just like the norms and rules underlying human moral conduct — promotes a mutually satisfactory modus vivendi.
Timing‐dependent plasticity in human primary somatosensory cortex

Animal experiments suggest that cortical sensory representations may be remodelled as a consequence of changing synaptic efficacy by timing‐dependent associative neuronal activity. Here we describe a timing‐based associative form of plasticity in human somatosensory cortex. Paired associative stimulation (PAS) was performed by combining repetitive median nerve stimulation with transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) over the contralateral postcentral region. PAS increased exclusively the amplitude of the P25 component of the median nerve‐evoked somatosensory‐evoked potential (MN‐SSEP), which is probably generated in the superficial cortical layers of area 3b. SSEP components reflecting neuronal activity in deeper cortical layers (N20 component) or subcortical regions (P14 component) remained constant. PAS‐induced enhancement of P25 amplitude displayed topographical specificity both for the recording (MN‐SSEP versus tibial nerve‐SSEP) and the stimulation (magnetic stimulation targeting somatosensory versus motor cortex) arrangements. Modulation of P25 amplitude was confined to a narrow range of interstimulus intervals (ISIs) between the MN pulse and the TMS pulse, and the sign of the modulation changed with ISIs differing by only 15 ms. The function describing the ISI dependence of PAS effects on somatosensory cortex resembled one previously observed in motor cortex, shifted by ∼7 ms. The findings suggest a simple model of modulation of excitability in human primary somatosensory cortex, possibly by mechanisms related to the spike‐timing‐dependent plasticity of neuronal synapses located in upper cortical layers.
Complete Complementary Codes Composed of Perfect Sequences and their Application to Mobile Communications

A complete complementary code composed of 4phase perfect (orthogonal) sequences is shown. The sequences compose a matrix whose cube is a unit matrix. A method is also discussed, which has been proposed by Suehiro, et.al. for increasing the efficiency of the wireless frequency usage. The method uses a pilot signal for measuring the multipath property as a complex number for each timeslot. The data transmission signals transmitted together with the pilot signal using the same frequency and time without interference. The signals with zero-autocorrelation zone and zerocrosscorrelation zone (ZCZ signals) are made based on the complete complementary code and used for above method.
Impact of persistent minimal residual disease post‐consolidation therapy in children and adolescents with advanced Burkitt leukaemia: a Children's Oncology Group Pilot Study Report

Patient‐specific primers from 10 children/adolescents with Burkitt leukaemia (BL) ± central nervous system disease who were treated with French‐British‐American/Lymphome Malins de Burkitt 96 C1 plus rituximab were developed from diagnostic blood/bone marrow. Minimal residual disease (MRD) was assessed by real‐time polymerase chain reaction at the end of induction (EOI) and consolidation (EOC). Seventy per cent (7/10) and 71% (5/7) were MRD‐positive at EOI and EOC, respectively, with no disease recurrences. MRD after induction and consolidation did not predict relapse and subsequent therapy appeared to eliminate MRD. Thus, assessing MRD at a later time point is warranted in future trials to determine its clinical significance.