Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Dynamic Information Flow Analysis for JavaScript in a Web Browser

JavaScript has become a central technology of the web, but it is also the source of many security problems, including cross-site scripting attacks and malicious advertising code. Central to these problems is the fact that code from untrusted sources runs with the same privileges as trusted code in the same frame. While much work has been done to secure JavaScript in a somewhat piecemeal approach, information flow analysis presents a compelling option for providing a more systemic solution to the problem. By tracking the flow of sensitive information in the browser, we can prevent it from leaking out to untrusted sources. Formally, information flow analysis can provide non-interference, the guarantee that public outputs do not depend on private inputs. Previous information flow techniques have primarily relied on static type systems. While effective, they are an awkward fit for dynamically typed JavaScript code. This dissertation explores three different runtime enforcement mechanisms that can guarantee non-interference dynamically. The no-sensitive-upgrade check forbids updating public reference cells in a private context through the use of a runtime monitor. This approach can be done with minimal performance overhead by using a sparse-labeling strategy, which leaves security labels on data implicit whenever possible. Experimental results demonstrate the efficiency of this approach. While the no-sensitive-upgrade check is effective, it sometimes rejects valid program executions that do not violate the security property. The permissive upgrade strategy is a refinement of this approach that still guarantees non-interference, but which accepts strictly more executions. When a public reference cell is updated in a private context, the permissive upgrade strategy marks the data as partially leaked rather than terminating execution. Partially leaked data is carefully tracked to avoid leaking private information. The final approach introduces special faceted values, which capture multiple views for a single object. Faceted values simulate multiple executions for different security levels, giving the following benefits: (1) Faceted values do not rely on the stuck executions of the no-sensitive-upgrade and permissive upgrade approaches, and therefore accept strictly more programs than either of the monitor-based approaches. (2) Faceted values avoid redundant computations, improving efficiency over related approaches. Finally we implement faceted values in Firefox and show how they may be used to prevent a variety of attacks.
Thromboxane Governs the Differentiation of Adipose-Derived Stromal Cells Toward Endothelial Cells In Vitro and In Vivo.

RATIONALE Autologous adipose-derived stromal cells (ASCs) offer great promise as angiogenic cell therapy for ischemic diseases. Because of their limited self-renewal capacity and pluripotentiality, the therapeutic efficacy of ASCs is still relatively low. Thromboxane has been shown to play an important role in the maintenance of vascular homeostasis. However, little is known about the effects of thromboxane on ASC-mediated angiogenesis. OBJECTIVE To explore the role of the thromboxane-prostanoid receptor (TP) in mediating the angiogenic capacity of ASCs in vivo. METHODS AND RESULTS ASCs were prepared from mouse epididymal fat pads and induced to differentiate into endothelial cells (ECs) by vascular endothelial growth factor. Cyclooxygenase-2 expression, thromboxane production, and TP expression were upregulated in ASCs on vascular endothelial growth factor treatment. Genetic deletion or pharmacological inhibition of TP in mouse or human ASCs accelerated EC differentiation and increased tube formation in vitro, enhanced angiogenesis in in vivo Matrigel plugs and ischemic mouse hindlimbs. TP deficiency resulted in a significant cellular accumulation of β-catenin by suppression of calpain-mediated degradation in ASCs. Knockdown of β-catenin completely abrogated the enhanced EC differentiation of TP-deficient ASCs, whereas inhibition of calpain reversed the suppressed angiogenic capacity of TP re-expressed ASCs. Moreover, TP was coupled with Gαq to induce calpain-mediated suppression of β-catenin signaling through calcium influx in ASCs. CONCLUSION Thromboxane restrained EC differentiation of ASCs through TP-mediated repression of the calpain-dependent β-catenin signaling pathway. These results indicate that TP inhibition could be a promising strategy for therapy utilizing ASCs in the treatment of ischemic diseases.
The Integrated Spectrum of M67 and the Spectroscopic Age of M32

We construct an integrated spectrum of the intermediate-age, solar-metallicity Galactic cluster M67, from individual spectroscopic observations of bona fide cluster members. The spectrum so obtained is used as a template to test our stellar population synthesis models, in an age and metallicity regime where such models remain largely untested. As a result, we demonstrate that our models predict a spectroscopic age of 3.5 ± 0.5 Gyr for M67, which is the same age we obtain from fitting isochrones to the color-magnitude diagram of the cluster. Full consistency is reached when using either Hβ, Hγ, or Hδ as the age indicator. We also check if the models, when applied to the cluster integrated spectrum, predict elemental abundances in agreement with the known detailed abundance pattern of the cluster. The models also pass the latter test, by predicting the abundances of iron, magnesium, carbon, and nitrogen in agreement with detailed abundance analyses of cluster stars to within 0.1 dex. Encouraged by the high degree of consistency of our models, we apply them to the study of the integrated spectrum of the central 3″ of the compact elliptical galaxy M32. The resulting luminosity-weighted age of the galaxy ranges between 2 and 3.5 Gyr, depending on the age indicator adopted. According to our models, the center of M32 seems to have a supersolar iron abundance, ranging between [Fe/H] ∼ +0.1 and +0.3, depending on the spectral index adopted. The light element magnesium seems to be underabundant in the center of M32 relative to iron by about ∼0.1–0.2 dex, whereas the data are consistent with nearly solar carbon and nitrogen abundances relative to iron. We find that single-age, single-metallicity stellar population models with solar-scaled abundance patterns cannot fit all the Balmer and metal lines in the integrated spectrum of M32. In particular, there is a systematic trend in the sense that bluer absorption lines indicate a younger age and a higher metallicity. This slight inconsistency can be due either to (unaccounted for) abundance ratio effects on blue iron and Balmer line indices or to a spread of the ages of the stellar populations in M32. Current stellar population models cannot break this degeneracy at the level of accuracy required to address this problem.
Use of turbo codes with low-rate convolutional constituent codes in fingerprinting scenarios

We discuss the use of turbo codes in fingerprinting schemes. More precisely, we present a family of turbo codes that are secure against attacking coalitions of size 2. This family is build upon a class of low-rate convolutional codes with maximum free distance. Low rate convolutional codes are commonly used in code-spread CDMA applications. Moreover, we show how efficient traitor tracing can be performed by means of the turbo decoding algorithm.
Evaluation of a Modular Multiplex-PCR Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus Detection Assay Adapted for mecC Detection

ABSTRACT A mecC (mecA LGA251)-adapted multiplex PCR-based methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) detection assay was evaluated using an international, spa-typed Staphylococcus aureus collection comprising 51 mecC-positive MRSA, 240 mecA-positive MRSA, and 50 mecA- and mecC-negative methicillin-susceptible S. aureus (MSSA) isolates. The assay showed 100% sensitivity and specificity for S. aureus species identification as well as for mecA and mecC detection.
Clustering navigation patterns on a website using a Sequence Alignment Method

In this paper, a new method is illustrated to cluster navigation patterns on a website. Instead of clustering users by means of a Euclidean distance measure, in our approach users are partitioned into clusters using a Sequence Alignment Method. This method ensures that sequential relationships, which are captured in the data, are taken into account. The performance of the algorithm is compared with the results of a method based on Euclidean distance measures. The proposed method is validated using usertraffic data from a Belgian telecom provider. Empirical results show that the method extracts sequences with similar behavioural patterns not only with regard to content but also considering the order of pages that are visited in a sequence.
Temperature insensitive arrayed waveguide gratings on InP substrates

A temperature insensitive arrayed waveguide grating (TI-AWG) with an InGaAsP-InP material system is proposed. Less than 0.1 /spl Aring///spl deg/C temperature dependence for all eight channels was achieved for the first time even though we used the InGaAsP-InP material system. This novel characteristic is in good agreement with the design principle of the TI-AWG.
The Choice Between Fixed and Random Effects Models: Some Considerations for Educational Research

We discuss the use of fixed and random effects models in the context of educational research and set out the assumptions behind the two modelling approaches. To illustrate the issues that should be considered when choosing between these approaches, we analyse the determinants of pupil achievement in primary school, using data from the Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children. We conclude that a fixed effects approach will be preferable in scenarios where the primary interest is in policy-relevant inference about the effects of individual characteristics, but the process through which pupils are selected into schools is poorly understood or the data are too limited to adjust for the effects of selection. In this context, the robustness of the fixed effects approach to the random effects assumption is attractive, and educational researchers should consider using it, even if only to assess the robustness of estimates obtained from random effects models. On the other hand, when the selection mechanism is fairly well understood and the researcher has access to rich data, the random effects model should naturally be preferred because it can produce policy-relevant estimates while allowing a wider range of research questions to be addressed. Moreover, random effects estimators of regression coefficients and shrinkage estimators of school effects are more statistically efficient than those for fixed effects.
Quali-quantitative analyses of Flavonoids of Morus nigra L. and Morus alba L. (Moraceae) fruits.

Morus nigra L. , belonging to the Moraceae family, is a decidious tree widely cultivated in Europe and West Asia. It has a long history of medicinal use in Chinese medicine, as a remedy for many kinds of diseases. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the profile of the phenolic constituents of M. nigra fruits and to compare their content with the fruits of another species of Morus, Morus alba, which is also very well known in folklore medicine. The fruits of black and white mulberries have been studied, and five compounds from the methanol extract have been identified by means of HPLC/PDA/ESI-MS. Four compounds (quercetin 3- O-glucoside, quercetin 3- O-rutinoside, kaempferol 3- O-rutinoside, and 5- O-caffeoylquinic acid) have been isolated by use of Sephadex LH-20 column chromatography and HPLC and characterized by means of NMR and ESI-MS. Furthermore, HPLC/PDA/ESI-MS analysis of the red pigment of M. nigra fruits revealed the presence of four anthocyanins recognized as cyanidin 3- O-glucoside, cyanidin 3- O-rutinoside, pelargonidin 3- O-glucoside, and pelargonidin 3- O-rutinoside. All of the compounds were quantified.
The Ediacaran Biotas in Space and Time1

Abstract The “Ediacaran organisms,” which preceded and overlapped the Cambrian radiation of metazoans, include many fossils whose systematic positions remain contentious after over fifty years of study. It might seem that nothing particularly useful can be learned from a biota full of oddballs. However, analyses of the distribution of the Ediacaran organisms in time and space can be carried out without having to guess at the systematic position of the organisms. Combining these results with data on paleotectonics, paleoenvironmental parameters, and the ages of various assemblages sheds light on the origins, ecology, and even the systematic positions of the Ediacaran organisms. Parsimony Analysis of Endemism (PAE) confirms earlier studies in grouping Ediacaran biotas into three major clusters: the Avalon, White Sea, and Nama Assemblages. The available radiometric and stratigraphic data suggest that the Avalon is the oldest, the White Sea is next oldest, and the Nama extends to the base of the Cambrian. The “frondlike” Ediacaran taxa, and to a lesser extent the “medusoids,” collectively show significantly longer stratigraphic ranges, broader geographical and paleoenvironmental ranges, and less provinciality than “bilaterian” and tubular taxa. Almost all tubular Ediacarans appear to be confined to equatorial areas, whereas other Ediacaran organisms show weak or no latitudinal diversity gradients. I conclude that the Ediacaran organisms show a diverse range of responses to various environmental parameters. There is no basis for classifying them all as having a single body plan and mode of life, as has often been done in the past.
The Categorical Distinction Between Targets and Distractors Facilitates Tracking in Multiple Identity Tracking Task

This study investigates the tracking facilitation effect during categorical distinction between targets and distractors in the Multiple Identity Tracking task. We asked observers to track four targets in a total of eight moving objects, and manipulated categorical distinctions of targets and distractors across four experiments, with different combinations of inter-category and intra-category differences. Results show that tracking performance was significantly better when the targets and distractors were inter-category different, compared to when the targets and distractors were identical or intra-category distinctive. As the inter-category distinction between targets and distractors narrowed, tracking performance improved, but the inter-category facilitation effect decreased. These results may indicate a category-based grouping effect: the observers organized the targets within the same semantic category into one group and made the targets more easily and accurately rediscovered when lost during tracking. Furthermore, the tracking facilitation of categorical distinction diminished when all the objects were inverted. This proved that besides their visual distinctiveness, objects’ semantic category information also played an important role during tracking.
Patterns of Sequence Loss and Cytosine Methylation within a Population of Newly Resynthesized Brassica napus Allopolyploids1[W]

Allopolyploid formation requires the adaptation of two nuclear genomes within a single cytoplasm, which may involve programmed genetic and epigenetic changes during the initial generations following genome fusion. To study the dynamics of genome change, we synthesized 49 isogenic Brassica napus allopolyploids and surveyed them with 76 restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) probes and 30 simple sequence repeat (SSR) primer pairs. Here, we report on the types and distribution of genetic and epigenetic changes within the S1 genotypes. We found that insertion/deletion (indel) events were rare, but not random. Of the 57,710 (54,383 RFLP and 3,327 SSR) parental fragments expected among the amphidiploids, we observed 56,676 or 99.9%. Three loci derived from Brassica rapa had indels, and one indel occurred repeatedly across 29% (14/49) of the lines. Loss of one parental fragment was due to the 400-bp reduction of a guanine-adenine dinucleotide repeat-rich sequence. In contrast to the 4% (3/76) RFLP probes that detected indels, 48% (35/73) detected changes in the CpG methylation status between parental genomes and the S1 lines. Some loci were far more likely than others to undergo epigenetic change, but the number of methylation changes within each synthetic polyploid was remarkably similar to others. Clear de novo methylation occurred at a much higher frequency than de novo demethylation within allopolyploid sequences derived from B. rapa. Our results suggest that there is little genetic change in the S0 generation of resynthesized B. napus polyploids. In contrast, DNA methylation was altered extensively in a pattern that indicates tight regulation of epigenetic changes.
Fluid flow in wood: investigation of the influence of laser incision parameters on uptake and flow paths in four wood species

Laser incision offers great potential for increasing the permeability of wood to preservative or other fluids. Wood modification systems have a greater requirement for full impregnation than traditional preservative systems, and envelope treatments are not sufficient. The bulking effect of many wood modification systems means that uniformity of penetration by reagents is essential. Therefore laser incision offers potential to increase permeability of timber for wood modification. Experiments were conducted on four species of wood, to investigate the altered flow. These species were southern yellow pine, European beech, Sitka spruce and European redwood. Blocks were sealed on all faces, limiting fluid uptake to a single laser incision. Laser incisions were made using UV laser, and the depth of focus and number of shots was varied. Pressure treatment was undertaken using an aqueous dye system, and quantities of fluid taken up were recorded gravimetrically, as well as by observation of the dye within dissected wood blocks. This allowed observation and measurement of longitudinal and transverse flow within different planes in the sample. The significance of the resin canal network was demonstrated in some species (southern yellow pine) while pit aspiration dominated the reduced flow observed for spruce. Hardwood flow is dominated by the vessel network. As a result of these flow observations different incision strategies will be developed to maximise fluid uptake and distribution uniformity in species selected for further study. INTRODUCTION Many wood modification industries are seeking to expand the range of timber species which can be used in modification systems. Chemical and resin treatment systems require reagents to be transported deep into the timber, to ensure uniform treatment throughout the cross section. As a result of limited availability of high permeability species such as radiata pine sapwood it has become necessary to reconsider species of moderate permeability for their suitability. Laser incision offers great potential in increasing the permeability of wood. A number of incision systems have been used in the preservative treatment industry over the years (Morris et al. 1994), however it is only those with relatively small incision diameter which have been considered for wood modification. The potential for laser systems to precisely control incision size and depth, and to reduce any damage to surrounding tissue, has been noted. However, in adapting laser incision technology for wood modification several additional considerations arise which are less significant in the traditional pressure treatment of wood with preservatives, where an envelope treatment would be permissible. Resin modification relies in part on a bulking effect, with timber increasing in volume during treatment, and retaining a larger size after drying and curing (Hill 2007, Stefanowski et al. 2018). If penetration by the treatment system is incomplete, then distortion
Medical Informatics: Knowledge Management and Data Mining in Biomedicine

Comprehensively presents the foundations and leading application research in medical informatics/biomedicine. The concepts and techniques are illustrated with detailed case studies. Authors are widely recognized professors and researchers in Schools of Medicine and Information Systems from the University of Arizona, University of Washington, Columbia University, and Oregon Health & Science University. Related Springer title, Shortliffe: Medical Informatics, has sold over 8000 copies The title will be positioned at the upper division and graduate level Medical Informatics course and a reference work for practitioners in the field.
Heart Rate after Cardiac Transplantation

Two patients who have undergone heart transplantation 7 and 15 months previously were studied to determine basal heart rate, the effects of exercise, and acute changes in venous return and blood pressure as well as of vagal stimulation. In one case the effects of body temperature, isoprenaline (isoproterenol), beta blockade, and atropinization on heart rate were studied. Mean resting heart rates of 110 and 90, respectively, were observed in the two cases without any significant change with time since the surgical implantation. Sinus arrhythmia was not observed and heart rate was found to increase with exercise following isoprenaline infusion and following increase in body temperature. A decrease was observed after beta blockade, but no significant direct or baroreceptor reflex effects could be produced by changes in venous return, systemic blood pressure, vagal stimulation, and atropinization. Both patients are thus effectively denervated, and there is no evidence of reinnervation to date.
Surface ozone in the Colorado northern Front Range and the influence of oil and gas development during FRAPPE/DISCOVER-AQ in summer 2014

High mixing ratios of ozone (O3) in the northern Front Range (NFR) of Colorado are not limited to the urban Denver area but were also observed in rural areas where oil and gas activity is the primary source of O3 precursors. On individual days, oil and gas O3 precursors can contribute in excess of 30 ppb to O3 growth and can lead to exceedances of the EPA O3 National Ambient Air Quality Standard. Data used in this study were gathered from continuous surface O3 monitors for June–August 2013–2015 as well as additional flask measurements and mobile laboratories that were part of the FRAPPE/DISCOVER-AQ field campaign of July–August 2014. Overall observed O3 levels during the summer of 2014 were lower than in 2013, likely due to cooler and damper weather than an average summer. This study determined the median hourly surface O3 mixing ratio in the NFR on summer days with limited photochemical production to be approximately 45–55 ppb. Mobile laboratory and flask data collected on three days provide representative case studies of different O3 formation environments in and around Greeley, Colorado. Observations of several gases (including methane, ethane, CO, nitrous oxide) along with O3 are used to identify sources of O3 precursor emissions. A July 23 survey demonstrated low O3 (45–60 ppb) while August 3 and August 13 surveys recorded O3 levels of 75–80 ppb or more. August 3 exemplifies influence of moderate urban and high oil and gas O3 precursor emissions. August 13 demonstrates high oil and gas emissions, low agricultural emissions, and CO measurements that were well correlated with ethane from oil and gas, suggesting an oil and gas related activity as a NOx and O3 precursor source. Low isoprene levels indicated that they were not a significant contributor to O3 precursors measured during the case studies.