Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Effects of biodynamic preparations 500 and 501 on vine and berry physiology, pedology and the soil microbiome

In the pursuit of increasing sustainability, climate change resiliency and independence of synthetic pesticides in agriculture, the interest of consumers and producers in organic and biodynamic farming has been steadily increasing in recent decennia. This is, in particular, the case for the vitivinicultural industry in Europe, where more and more producers are converting from organic to biodynamic farming. However, clear scientific evidence showing that biodynamic farming improves vine physiology, vine stress resilience, soil quality related parameters and berry or wine quality is still lacking, despite the growing number of research studies on this issue. To investigate whether biodynamic farming methods have an impact on vine physiology, berry quality and the environment, a five-year experiment was set up in 2016 in a commercial vineyard in Switzerland. In this trial, the two main biodynamic preparations 500 and 501 were applied and compared to an organic control. Vine and berry physiology (net photosynthesis, vigour, sugar, organic acids, berry weight, yield) were assessed from 2016 to 2020. Soil physical properties (soil bulk density, water holding capacity, soil structural stability, macropore volume) were analysed from 2017-2020, and, soil fungal communities were analysed by DNA-sequencing in the last year of the experiment (2020). None of the parameters related to vine and berry physiology showed significant differences throughout the duration of the experiments, except photosynthesis, which was higher when biodynamic preparations were applied at one time point. Similarly, the soil’s physical properties were not influenced by the application of the two biodynamic preparations in all years. Regarding the soil microbiome, the preparations 500 and 501 neither led to significant differences in fungal diversity nor seemed to impact the soil fungal communities. The present study confirms previous findings of different research teams that did not observe significant differences between organic and biodynamic farming methods in terms of observed soil and vine parameters.
Potential Fluorescent Ligands for Zn-Containing Bacterial Enzymes: In Silico Evaluation, Synthesis and Optical Properties

: Zn-containing proteins play essential roles in the viability and virulence of bacteria, so are considered to be possible molecular new drug targets. Based on literature data about N -acyl-o- phenylenediamine and 2-pycolylamine as warheads of drugs and molecular probes for Zn-bearing enzymes like histone deacetylases, we guessed that N -(7-nitrobenzofurazan-4-y)- o -phenylenediamine (NBD-OPD), 2-pycolyl-( N-(7-nitrobenzofurazan-4-amine)) and ciproﬂoxacin 2-pycolylamide (CPF-Pic2) are potential ﬂuorescent inhibitors of such enzymes. Molecular docking was performed for estimate afﬁnity of the compounds to a set of bacterial enzymes, and photochemical and electrochemical properties were calculated in silico using DFT.
Time-Driven and Privacy-Preserving Navigation Model for Vehicle-to-Vehicle Communication Systems

Effective time-driven navigation is an operative way to alleviate traffic congestion, which is also a challenging problem in the Internet of Vehicles context. Most existing centralized navigation systems often cannot react promptly to real-time local traffic situations, while most existing distributed navigation systems are vulnerable to privacy attacks. To overcome these drawbacks, we propose a learning model that provides a provable guarantee of vehicles' privacy while still enabling efficient navigation under real-time traffic conditions. The proposed model adopts a novel multi-agent system with customized differentially private mechanisms. To verify the effectiveness and stability of our approach, we implement the proposed method on CARLA, which is an autonomous driving simulator. In four experimental tasks with varying parameters, we demonstrate fully that our proposed method outperforms other benchmarks.
R Aquarii: H alpha Map of Subarcsecond Inner Structure

A 45 mas resolution image of R Aqr, observed near minimum brightness with speckle interferometry in a 1.8 nm optical bandpass centered on Hα, was obtained with the NOAO 4 m Mayall telescope at Kitt Peak. Three Hα sources were resolved: 1) a bright central Hα source which has a 2 cm counterpart previously designated C1 and probably arising from a hot companion and its accretion disk as they orbit a long-period variable; 2) a ∼3.3 mag fainter Hα source lying ∼0.53″ along p.a. ∼46°30 relative to C1, corresponding to C2 in 2 cm continuum; the flux ratio of C1 to C2 in Hα is 18:1 compared to 6:1 in 2 cm continuum; and 3) a ∼2.4 mag fainter Hα source lying ∼0.124″ along p.a. ∼226°. 40 relative to C1; this source has no radio counterpart
Studies of nearby poor clusters - The Eridanus group

Results are reported from dynamical study of the Eridanus group of galaxies. This system is quite prominent in one of the large-scale features found in the recently completed Southern Sky Redshift Survey (da Costa et al., 1988): the Eridanus-Fornax-Dorado filament. The irregualr aspect of Eridanus suggests the existence of subclustering, which is confirmed by statistical tests. These subclusters are bound, suggesting that the system is still condensing from the Hubble flow and may eventually form a cluster of about 10 to the 14th solar mass. By calculating the two-body orbital solution, it is found that the Eridanus complex and the Fornax cluster also form a bound system, although still in the expansion phase. 41 refs.
Species distributions models may predict accurately future distributions but poorly how distributions change: A critical perspective on model validation

Species distribution models (SDMs) are widely used to make predictions on how species distributions may change as a response to climatic change. To assess the reliability of those predictions, they need to be critically validated with respect to what they are used for. While ecologists are typically interested in how and where distributions will change, we argue that SDMs have seldom been evaluated in terms of their capacity to predict such change. Instead, typical retrospective validation methods estimate model's ability to predict to only one static time in future. Here, we apply two validation methods, one that predicts and evaluates a static pattern, while the other measures change and compare their estimates of predictive performance.
A new approach to modelling dominant AC loss in HTc superconducting solenoidal windings

The paper presents a novel method of calculating AC loss in solenoidal high temperature superconducting windings of the transformer type. Losses caused by the external magnetic field and due to transport current are modelled together and account is taken of highly nonlinear characteristics of the material. In tape conductors the loss due to the parallel field component is usually small whereas the effect of the normal field component is significant. A nonlinear 2D finite difference formulation is derived for the superconductor and linked with a linear finite element model representing the rest of the transformer and the interaction between coils.
Anatomical Study of the Atrioventricular Nodal Branch of the Heart

Background The atrioventricular (AV) node is a relay station for electrical signals passing between the atria and ventricles. The artery supplying the AV node is functionally important, and its anatomical topography is relevant during invasive procedures. Therefore, the aim of this study was to identify and understand the variations of the origin of the AV nodal branch (AVNb) and its variations. Materials and methods We dissected 31 adult human hearts to evaluate their AVNb and its variations. A classification scheme was used to detail the morphology found for each of these arteries. Results We identified five distinct origins of the AVNb: AVNb originating from the right coronary artery (RCA) proximal to the inferior interventricular branch (IVb) (type I, 3.2%), AVNb originating from the junction of the RCA and IVb (type II, 19.4%), AVNb originating from the RCA distal to the IVb (type III, 64.5%), AVNb originating from the IVb (type IV, 6.5%), and AVNb originating from the circumflex branch of the left coronary artery (LCA) (type V, 6.5%). Conclusions Our study provides data on the morphology and variations of the AVNb. Such information can assist in better diagnoses based on imaging, better guide invasive procedures, and provide the cardiac surgeon with an improved method of classifying the AVNb and its branches during procedures of the coronary arteries and their branches.
Direct numerical simulation of a puff and a slug in transitional cylindrical pipe flow

A direct numerical simulation of transitional pipe flow is carried out with the help of a spectral element method and used to investigate the localized regions of ‘turbulent’ flow that are observed in experiments. Two types of such regions can be distinguished: the puff and the slug. The puff, which is generally found at low values of the Reynolds numbers, is simulated for Re = 2200 where the Reynolds number Re is based on the mean velocity UB and pipe diameter D. The slug occurs at a higher Reynolds number and it is simulated for Re = 5000. The computations start with a laminar pipe flow to which is added a prescribed velocity disturbance at a given axial position and for a finite time. The disturbance then evolves further into a puff or slug structure. The simulations confirm the experimentally observed fact that for a puff the velocity near the leading edge changes more gradually than for a slug where an almost discontinuous change is observed. The positions of the leading and trailing edges of the puff and slug are computed from the simulations as a function of time. The propagation velocity of the leading edge is found to be constant and equal to 1.56UB and 1.69UB for the puff and slug, respectively. For the trailing edge the velocity is found to be 0.73UB and 0.52UB, respectively. By rescaling the simulation results obtained at various times to a fixed length, we define an ensemble average. This method is used to compute the average characteristics of the puff and slug such as the spatial distribution of the mean velocity, the turbulent velocity fluctuations and also the wall shear stress. By computing particle trajectories we have investigated the entrainment and detrainment of fluid by a puff and slug. We find that the puff detrains through its trailing edge and entrains through its leading edge. The slug entrains fluid through its leading and through most of its trailing edge. As a consequence the fluid inside the puff is constantly exchanged with fluid outside whereas the fluid inside a slug remains there. These entrainment/detrainment properties which are in agreement with the measurements of Wygnanski & Champagne (1973) imply that the puff has the characteristics of a wave phenomenon while the slug can be characterized more as a material property which travels with the flow. Finally, we have investigated in more detail the velocity field within the puff. In a coordinate system that travels with the mean velocity we find recirculation regions both near the trailing and leading edges which agrees at least qualitatively with experimental data. We also find streamwise vortices, predominantly in the trailing-edge region which have been also observed in experiments and which are believed to play an important role in the dynamics of the transition process.
Diamane-like Films Based on Twisted G/BN Bilayers: DFT Modelling of Atomic Structures and Electronic Properties

Diamanes are unique 2D carbon materials that can be obtained by the adsorption of light atoms or molecular groups onto the surfaces of bilayer graphene. Modification of the parent bilayers, such as through twisting of the layers and the substitution of one of the layers with BN, leads to drastic changes in the structure and properties of diamane-like materials. Here, we present the results of the DFT modelling of new stable diamane-like films based on twisted Moiré G/BN bilayers. The set of angles at which this structure becomes commensurate was found. We used two commensurate structures with twisted angles of θ = 10.9° and θ = 25.3° with the smallest period as the base for the formation of the diamane-like material. Previous theoretical investigations did not take into account the incommensurability of graphene and boron nitride monolayers when considering diamane-like films. The double-sided hydrogenation or fluorination of Moiré G/BN bilayers and the following interlayer covalent bonding led to the opening of a gap up to 3.1 eV, which was lower than the corresponding values of h-BN and c-BN. The considered G/BN diamane-like films offer great potential in the future for a variety of engineering applications.
Numerical simulation of flow of viscoelastic fluids

The paper deals with the numerical calculation of highly viscous, non‐newtonian fluid flows in apparatus of mechanical engineering. We use a differential constitutive equation to approximate the real behaviour of technical fluids like polymer melts. By means of calculated flow examples in two and three dimensional geometries we demonstrate the influence of the non‐newtonian behaviour. (© 2008 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Application of protection motivation theory and cultural tightness-looseness for predicting individuals' compliance with the government's recommended preventive measures during regular prevention and control of the COVID-19 pandemic in China

Introduction In the period of regular prevention and control of the COVID-19 pandemic, the public must continue to comply with the government's recommended preventive measures to further curb the pandemic. Based on the theories of protection motivation and cultural tightness-looseness, this study investigates individuals' compliance with the government's recommended preventive measures during this period in China. It also establishes a moderated mediation model to explore the underlying mechanisms. Methods We used structural equation modeling and latent model structural equations to analyze data from an online survey of 443 participants. Results The analysis showed that media exposure significantly predicted perceived severity, maladaptive rewards, self-efficacy, response efficacy, and response cost. Perceived severity, self-efficacy, and response efficacy were positively associated with protection motivation, which, in turn, was positively associated with individuals' compliance. Additionally, protection motivation positively affected individuals' compliance via implementation intention, and perceived cultural tightness-looseness significantly moderated the association between protection motivation and implementation intention. Discussion This study helps to better understand individuals' compliance from a theoretical perspective and provide practical advice on promoting individuals' compliance with the government's precautionary measures.
Weighted Lp estimates of solutions to boundary value problems for second order elliptic systems in polyhedral domains

In this paper we are concerned with boundary value problems for general second order elliptic equations and systems in a polyhedral domain. We consider solutions in weighted Lp Sobolev spaces. A special section is dedicated to weak solutions. We prove solvability theorems and regularity assertions for the solutions.
Vibro-Inertance Matrix Supported OCF Characteristics Analysis of PMSM Under Multiple Operating Conditions for EV

Vibration analysis of converter-fed motor for electric powertrain is a much-needed technology for electric vehicle industry, which plays an important role in the noise, vibration, harshness optimization design, fatigue monitor, fault diagnosis, and life prediction. The characteristics of the internal operating condition force (OCF) for the propulsion motor of electric vehicles under multiple operating conditions (MOC) were investigated by using the proposed vibro-inertance matrix theory (VIMT) in this article. The complete analytical expansion of vibro-inertance matrix of the stator component was first derived, and a mathematical analytical testing model of OCF was established. The OCF of the 21 kW prototype was measured under MOC, and the spectra of the mechanical and electromagnetic OCF of the prototype were fully secured via Brüel and Kjær 4520 three-dimensional acceleration sensors and Brüel and Kjær multipurpose input modules. The vibration and fatigue sources under MOC were revealed through the source path contributionanalysis method. Finally, the proposed VIMT measurement and analysis method of OCF were verified by both finite element simulation and experimental verification.
Photodissociation regions. I - Basic model. II - A model for the Orion photodissociation region

A theoretical parameter study of the temperature and chemical structure of dense photodissociation regions and their resultant spectrum is presented. Models are discussed which are relevant not only to the dust and gas between molecular clouds and H II regions, but also apply to any neutral cloud illuminated by intense FUV fluxes. The models relate observed line and continuum emission from these regions to physical parameters such as the gas density and temperature, the elemental and chemical abundances, the local radiation field, and the grain properties. The results are applied to observational data from the OMC-1 region. The model shows that the observed high brightness temperature of the C I 609 microns line can be explained by emission from the C(+)/C/CO transition region. This difference with previous chemical models is due to a higher gas phase elemental abundance of carbon, to the charge exchange reactions of C(+) with S and SiO, and to carbon self-shielding. 152 references.
EXCEL SPREADSHEETS USED FOR SIMULATING COMPOSITION OF THE PERPENDICULAR HARMONIC OSCILLATIONS

This paper presents a tool developed with interactive Excel spreadsheets for simulating the composition of perpendicular harmonic oscillations with same frequencies. The period, amplitudes and phase difference of the two oscillations are used as input data. Two types of results are obtained, both analytically and graphically expressed. The first category includes the graph of the trajectory for the resultant oscillation, controlled by input data, together with displaying the type of the trajectory. The second category includes position and velocity of the mobile as parameters characterizing the movement at some point of time. Mobile position is expressed in both Cartesian and polar coordinates. The velocity of the mobile is expressed by its Cartesian components and by magnitude. The movement of the mobile on the trajectory may be step by step traced by changing time in data input. The tool facilitates the teaching and learning of the basic concepts in the study of the harmonic oscillations, as well as the kinematics of a curvilinear motion of a mass point. Using and exploring spreadsheets features, the main focus is on the graphical representation of the physical quantities. We may also notice the fast feedback to input data changes. The tool was designed to provide increased efficiency in tracking the graphic and analytical response to the input data. Main spreadsheet, source table and secondary spreadsheets are described in detail. Because of the large number of practical examples that may be analyzed using this tool, the students may easily understand mechanical oscillation, an important chapter of physics.
Potentiometry and repair of electrically stressed nanowires using atomic force microscopy

Using an atomic force microscope equipped with a conducting diamond tip, the surface potential on a current carrying gold nanowire was measured with microvolt potential sensitivity and nanometer spatial resolution. Potentiometry images illustrate the stages of failure of nanowires subjected to current stressing. During this failure process, a discontinuity in the potential gradient and an enhanced resistance region were observed at the failure site until a complete fracture was formed. By increasing the repulsive force and accurately positioning the tip, gold could be manipulated into the nanoscale fracture so that the electrical conductivity of the nanowire was regained.
The transient periodic X-ray source in Taurus, A0535+26

Light curves of the 104 s periodicity in the transient X-ray source in Taurus (A0535+26) are presented for six energy intervals in the range 1-35 keV for the period 1975 May 30-June 2. The pulse structure ranges from an apparently simple modulation at higher energies to a very complex pattern at lower energies. No Doppler shift is observed in the 104 s pulse period during the three days of observations. This places severe constraints upon possible binary orbital motion. Upper limits on the power at other periodicities are approximately-less-than10 percent for 2 ms-2s and approximately-less-than2 percent for 2 s-2000 s. (AIP)
Cosmological constraints on the matter equation of state

We investigate the impact of a nonstandard time evolution of the dark matter component on current cosmological bounds from cosmic microwave background (CMB) anisotropies. We found that a less than 0.1% variation in the effective dark matter equation of state w{sub dm} can drastically change current CMB bounds on the matter density, the Hubble parameter and the age of the Universe. A flat universe without dark energy could provide an excellent fit to current CMB data, providing that w{sub dm}{approx}-10{sup -2}.
Estimation of speed and incline of walking using neural network

A portable datalogger is designed to record body accelerations during human walking. The recorded signals are parametrised and the pattern of walking at each gait cycle is found. These patterns are presented to two neural networks which estimate the incline and the speed of walking. Subjects performed a treadmill walking followed by a self paced walking on an outdoor test circuit involving roads of various inclines. The results show a good estimation of the incline and the speed for all of the subjects. To the best of our knowledge these results constitute the first speed and incline estimation of level and grade walking in free-living conditions. <<ETX>>
Multiobjective particle swarm optimization for a novel fuzzy portfolio selection problem

On the basis of the portfolio selection theory, this paper proposes a novel fuzzy multiobjective model that can evaluate investment risk properly and increase the probability of obtaining an expected return. In building this model, fuzzy value‐at‐risk (VaR) is used to evaluate the exact future risk in terms of loss. The VaR can directly reflect the greatest loss of a selection case under a given confidence level. Conversely, variance, the measure of the spread of a distribution around its expected value, is utilized to make the selection more stable. This model can provide investors with more significant information for decision making. To solve this model, an improved Pareto‐optimal‐set‐based multiobjective particle swarm optimization (IMOPSO) algorithm is designed to obtain better solutions in the Pareto front. The proposed model and algorithm are exemplified by specific numerical examples. Furthermore, comparisons are made between IMOPSO and other existing approaches. Experiments show that the model and algorithm are effective in solving the multiobjective portfolio selection problem. © 2012 Institute of Electrical Engineers of Japan. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.