Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Influence of SIMV plus inspiratory pressure support on VA/Q distributions during postoperative weaning.

Since the introduction of synchronized intermittent mandatory ventilation (SIMV) several advantages have been attributed to this ventilatory mode, one of them being a more homogeneous distribution of ventilation and perfusion than during controlled mechanical ventilation (CMV). Up to now no data are available to confirm whether this is true when SIMV is used in combination with inspiratory pressure support (IPS). Therefore, we compared the influence of CMV and SIMV + IPS on the distributions of ventilation and perfusion in 9 patients undergoing weaning from postoperative mechanical ventilation. Continuous distributions of ventilation and perfusion were assessed using the multiple inert gas elimination technique (MIGET). SIMV + IPS did not induce any change in the hemodynamic or oxygenation parameters, in particular CI and PaO2 remained constant. Physiological dead space (VD/VT) increased, but PaCO2 remained unchanged due to increased minute ventilation (from 9.5 +/- 0.9 l.min-1 to 11.3 #/- 1.2 l.min-1). The perfusion distributions remained unaltered; there was no change in QS/QT nor in the perfusion of the low VA/Q lung regions. This result was underscored by the unchanged dispersion of the perfusion distribution (log SDQ). The increased VD/VT was caused by increased inert gas dead space (from 22.0 +/- 9.6 to 26.8 +/- 8.7%) which was accompanied by increased ventilation of lung regions with high VA/Q ratios (10 less than VA/Q less than 100) in 3 patients. These results show that in our group of patients partial removal of CMV together with pressure support assistance of spontaneous ventilation did not induce a clinically significant loss of the efficiency of the breathing pattern. (ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
The COOH Terminus of Rho-kinase Negatively Regulates Rho-kinase Activity*

Rho-kinase is implicated in the phosphorylation of myosin light chain downstream of Rho, which is thought to induce smooth muscle contraction and stress fiber formation in non-muscle cells. Here, we examined the mode of action of inhibitors of Rho-kinase. The chemical compounds such as HA1077 and Y-32885 inhibited not only the Rho-kinase activity but also the activity of protein kinase N, one of the targets of Rho, but had less of an effect on the activity of myotonic dystrophy kinase-related Cdc42-binding kinase β (MRCKβ). The COOH-terminal portion of Rho-kinase containing Rho-binding (RB) and pleckstrin homology (PH) domains (RB/PH (TT)), in which point mutations were introduced to abolish the Rho binding activity, interacted with Rho-kinase and thereby inhibited the Rho-kinase activity, whereas RB/PH (TT) had no effect on the activity of protein kinase N or MRCKβ, suggesting that the COOH-terminal region of Rho-kinase is a possible negative regulatory region of Rho-kinase. The expression of RB/PH (TT) specifically blocked the stress fiber and focal adhesion formation induced by the active form of Rho or Rho-kinase in NIH 3T3 cells, but not that induced by the active form of MRCKβ or myosin light chain. Thus, RB/PH (TT) appears to specifically inhibit Rho-kinase in vivo.
Persuasive Appeals and Responses to Appeals among Friends and Acquaintances.

JONES, DIANE CARLSON. Persuasive Appeals and Responses to Appeals among Friends and Acquaintances. CHILD DEVELOPMENT, 1985, 56, 757-763. This study examined persuasive appeals and responses to appeals among kindergarten, second-, and fourth-grade friends and acquaintances. It also evaluated social perspective-taking, friendship, and self-interest reasoning as predictors of appeals and responses to them. Based on sociometric ratings, children were paired with a friend or an acquaintance and participated in a task designed to examine sharing under competitive conditions. Results indicate that appeals to friends and acquaintances did not differ in kind or rate of success. Children of all ages and in all conditions tended to use simple requests most frequently. Friendship status had its most noticeable effect on responses to appeals. Grants were more likely to occur among friends and, when an appeal was rejected, refusals to friends were more extended. Multiple regression analyses revealed that different predictor variables were linked to different appeal and response measures. Further, the behavioral explanations, friendship, and self-interest reasoning, were more frequently related to the appeal and response measures than was hypothetical reasoning. These results document the need for a comprehensive approach in order to describe persuasion among friends and acquaintances.
Dimensions of Citizenship and Opportunities for Youth Development: The What, Why, When, Where, and Who of Citizenship Development

In this concluding article we consider the definition and conceptualization of citizenship, why youth should be interested in citizenship, when developmentally should we as a society try to foster it, where in youth's lives should our efforts be placed, and the existence of potentially different needs and usefulness of different strategies in diverse populations of youth. In addressing the what, why, when, where, and who of citizenship development, we review the contributions to this issue as well as other literature. We conclude the chapter with a charge for future research.
Surface conductivity evaluation of CVD graphene up to 2.5 THz

Transmission terahertz time-domain spectroscopy (THz-TDS) measurements of chemical vapor deposition (CVD) graphene on quartz are presented. A mono-layer of graphene has been prepared and measured using THz-TDS. Experimental results were obtained from 100 GHz to 2.5 THz, and the quartz substrate has been initially characterized by extracting the complex permittivity. Graphene has been treated as boundary condition with finite surface conductivity, which has also been calculated. Drude model provide a good fit to the measured surface conductivity, within the frequency range.
Orientation and Behaviour of Youth in the Kibbutz: roots in adolescent socialisation

Abstract This article reviews recent research focused on kibbutz youth at that stage of life between high‐school graduation and their early thirties. Their attitudes and behaviour were analysed at four biographical substages: (1) voluntary community service, (2) military service, (3) leave of absence from the kibbutz and (4) higher education. It shows that there is an association between the ability of the socialising agents in the kibbutz to develop and encourage adolescents’ identity and their personal democratic resources, and the attitudes and values of kibbutz youth in relation to social issues, democratic obligation, commitment to the community and responsibility.
Water in protein cavities: A procedure to identify internal water and exchange pathways and application to fatty acid‐binding protein

A computational approach based on Delaunay triangulation is presented to identify internal water molecules in proteins and to capture pathways of exchange with the bulk. The implemented procedure is computationally efficient and can easily be applied to long molecular dynamics trajectories of protein simulations. In an application to fatty acid‐binding protein in apo‐form and with bound palmitate, several protein orifices known from crystal structures have been confirmed to be major portals of solvent exchange. Differences between the two forms of the protein are observed and discussed. Proteins 2002;47:534–545. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Acute ischemic non-embolic stroke and serum level of uric acid

Background Impact of high level of uric acid on stroke is still controversial. We conducted this study to investigate the relationship between acute ischemic non-embolic stroke and serum levels of uric acid. Methods This was a case-control study on patients with acute ischemic non-embolic stroke in Rafsanjan, Iran. The control group consisted of normal persons who were similar to the case group in terms of age and gender. Serum level of uric acid in the first 24 hours of admission was measured with photometry method. Results In a total of 130 patients (59 mens), hyperuricemia was seen in 13.0% of subjects in the control group and 10.7% of subjects in the case group. Nine patients in case group and 7 patients in control group with hyperuricemia were women. No significant relationship was found between acute ischemic non-embolic stroke and serum level of uric acid. Conclusion There was no relationship between uric acid and acute ischemic non-embolic stroke.
SINDROM IPEX - PRIKAZ BOLESNIKA

KRATAK SADRŽAJ Uvod Sin drom IPEX, od no sno na sled na (X-ve za na) imu no di sre gu la ci ja s auto i mu nom po li en do kri no pa ti jom i en te ropa ti jom kao osnov nim ma ni fe sta ci ja ma, je ste ret ko i iz u zet no te ško obo qe we. Na sta je usled mu ta ci je ge na od go vornog za sin te zu spe ci fič nog pro te i na (FOXP3), ko ji di fe ren ci ja ci jom i ak ti va ci jom CD4+CD25+ re gu la tor nih T-lim foci ta ima kquč nu ulo gu u in duk ci ji i odr ža va wu pe ri fer ne to le ran ci je sop stve nih tki va. Prikaz bolesnika Pri ka za no je mu ško odoj če s kla sič nom kli nič kom sli kom sin dro ma IPEX, ko ji se is po qio kra jem pr vog me se ca po ro đe wu naj pre di ja be tes me li tu som tip 1 i hro nič nom di ja re jom pra će nom de hi dra ta ci jom i po reme ća jem na pre do va wa, a po tom ek ce mom na li cu i la bo ra to rij skim zna ci ma ti re o i di ti sa bez ti re o id ne dis funk cije (an ti ti re o glo bu lin ska an ti te la 1:5500, an ti mi kro zom na an ti te la 1:40). Ni vo imu no glo bu li na E (IgE) u pla zmi bio je vi sok (517 IU/l), dok su an ti te la na tkiv nu tran sglu ta mi na zu bi la po vi še na (IgA 7,5 U/ml); an ti glat ko mi šić na i an tiDNK an ti te la ni su za be le že na. Na osno vu ti pič ne kli nič ke sli ke i la bo ra to rij skih na la za po sta vqe na je di jag noza sin dro ma IPEX, što je za tim po tvr đe no do ka zom mu ta ci je IVS7+5G>A na ge nu za FOXP3. Le če we in su li nom uz pri me nu pro ni zo na i kom bi no va ne pa ren te ral ne i se mi e le men tar ne is hra ne do ve lo je do kli nič kog opo rav ka bo le sni ka. U uz ra stu od de vet me se ci, upr kos pri me ni pro ni zo na i hi po a ler go ge ne is hra ne, po no vo je do šlo do te ške i upor ne dija re je pra će ne de hi dra ta ci jom, gu bit kom te le sne te ži ne i po gor ša wem op šteg sta wa de te ta. Uz pot pu nu pa ren te ralnu is hra nu, kao i osta le me re, u le če we je uve den aza ti o prin, ali bez že qe nog efek ta. U uz ra stu od dva na est i po mese ci, usled bak te ri je mi je i di se mi no va ne in tra va sku lar ne ko a gu la ci je kao kom pli ka ci je, do la zi do smrt nog is ho da. Zakqučak Sin drom IPEX tre ba ima ti u vi du u svim slu ča je vi ma udru že ne po ja ve di ja be tes me li tu sa tip 1 i hro nične di ja re je kod mu škog no vo ro đen če ta ili odoj če ta. Iako su re zul ta ti le če wa za sad skrom ni, sa svim je iz ve sno da će oni u sko ra šwoj bu duć no sti bi ti znat no bo qi.
Social psychological explanations for the persistence of a conflict between paddling canoeists and motorcraft users in the boundary waters canoe area

Abstract A one‐way conflict has existed between paddling canoeists and motorcraft users in the Boundary Waters Canoe Area (BWCA) for over 15 years. Similar conflicts have been shown to occur between mechanized and nonmechanized recreationists in other settings. This paper, using social psychological attraction theory, attempts to explain why the conflict occurs and why it persists in a particular area. We examined perceived similarity, perceptions of the BWCA, reasons for coining to the BWCA, competition for resources, and greeting behaviors as factors influencing the asymmetric antipathy. The data were collected from two high density sites within the BWCA. A field questionnaire followed by a mailed questionnaire was administered to 300 people. The response rate was 65 percent. The data analysis reveals that the factors listed above do influence the asymmetric relationship, and differences in them help to perpetuate the conflict. The data also reveal areas of similarity between the two groups.
Bayesian analysis of rare variants in genetic association studies

Recent advances in next‐generation sequencing technologies facilitate the detection of rare variants, making it possible to uncover the roles of rare variants in complex diseases. As any single rare variants contain little variation, association analysis of rare variants requires statistical methods that can effectively combine the information across variants and estimate their overall effect. In this study, we propose a novel Bayesian generalized linear model for analyzing multiple rare variants within a gene or genomic region in genetic association studies. Our model can deal with complicated situations that have not been fully addressed by existing methods, including issues of disparate effects and nonfunctional variants. Our method jointly models the overall effect and the weights of multiple rare variants and estimates them from the data. This approach produces different weights to different variants based on their contributions to the phenotype, yielding an effective summary of the information across variants. We evaluate the proposed method and compare its performance to existing methods on extensive simulated data. The results show that the proposed method performs well under all situations and is more powerful than existing approaches. Genet. Epidemiol. 35:57–69, 2011. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Health-related quality of life in early rheumatoid arthritis: impact of disease and treatment response.

OBJECTIVE To document the burden of early rheumatoid arthritis (RA) on health-related quality of life (HQL) and compare changes in HQL across 2 treatments. STUDY DESIGN Analysis of HQL scores among patients enrolled in a multicenter, double-blind, randomized control trial of early RA treatment. PATIENTS AND METHODS A total of 424 patients with early RA were randomized to 1 of 2 treatment groups: etanercept or methotrexate. Patients were treated and followed for 52 weeks. Health-related quality of life was assessed before and throughout treatment using the Medical Outcomes Study Short Form 36 Health Survey (SF-36) and the Health Assessment Questionnaire (HAQ). The HQL burden of RA was established by comparing SF-36 scale scores to general US population norms. The impact of treatment on HQL was determined by comparing scores on both SF-36 and HAQ scales. RESULTS Before treatment, RA patients showed significant decrements in scores on all SF-36 scales and summary measures in comparison with age- and sex-matched general US population norms, multivariate analysis of variance (MANOVA) F(8,2815) = 204.6, P < . 0001. After 52 weeks of treatment, 7 of 8 SF-36 scales and the physical summary measure remained significantly below the general US population norm, MANOVA F(8,2815) = 41.9, P < . 0001. Patients randomized to etanercept showed significantly better HQL improvement earlier in treatment than patients randomized to methotrexate on the SF-36 physical summary, MANOVA F(10,4230) = 6.1, P< . 0001, the SF-36 arthritis-specific health index, MANOVA F(10,4230) = 8.5, P < . 0001, and the HAQ, MANOVA F(10,4230) = 14.7, P < . 0001. At 52 weeks, there were no significant differences between treatment groups. CONCLUSIONS Rheumatoid arthritis places tremendous disease burden on patients' HQL. Successful treatment of early RA improved HQL. Etanercept showed a rapid HQL response.
Opacity Variations in the Ionized Absorption in NGC 3783: A Compact Absorber

We show that the Fe VII-Fe XII M-shell unresolved transition array (UTA) in the Chandra HETGS observation of NGC 3783 (900 ks) clearly changes in opacity on a timescale of 31 days, responding to a factor of ~2 change in the ionizing continuum. The opacity variation is observed at a level >10 σ. There is also evidence for variability in the O VI K edge (at ~3 σ). The observed changes are consistent with the gas producing these absorption features (i.e., the low-ionization component) being close to photoionization equilibrium. The gas responsible for the Fe XVII-Fe XXII L-shell absorption (i.e., the high-ionization component) does not seem to be responding as expected in photoionization equilibrium. The observed change in opacity for the UTA implies a density >1 × 104 cm-3, thus locating the gas within 6 pc of the X-ray source. The scenario in which the gas is composed of a continuous radial range of ionization structures is ruled out, as in such scenario, no opacity variations are expected. Rather, the structure of the absorber is likely composed of heavily clumped gas.
The conceptualization of marital commitment: An integrative analysis.

Although theoretical statements regarding the conceptualization of marital commitment abound in the literature, no research has attempted to compare these conceptualizations empirically. Six studies involving 1,787 participants explored the conceptual structure of marital commitment through a variety of empirical methods. Results suggested the existence of 3 primary dimensions of marital commitment: an attraction component based on devotion, satisfaction, and love, a moral-normative component based on a sense of personal responsibility for maintaining the marriage and on the belief that marriage is an important social and religious institution, and a constraining component based on fear of the social, financial, and emotional costs of relationship termination. These factors most strongly resemble the three dimensions proposed by M. P. Johnson ( 1991 ) but also appear to represent the general features of interpersonal commitment described in most theoretical treatments of the construct and correspond well with couples' personal accounts of what it feels like to be in a committed relationship.
Female Perpetrators of Intimate Partner Violence: Within-Group Heterogeneity, Related Psychopathology, and a Review of Current Treatment with Recommendations for the Future

Female perpetrators of intimate partner violence (IPV) are now beginning to receive some scholarly attention both in Canada and the United States, particularly with zero tolerance policies and the increasing number of female arrestees. This article reviews research on the relative prevalence of IPV (comparing males and females) and the context and motivation for perpetration and female perpetrators' general psychopathology (e.g., their attachment issues, trauma experiences, and personality organization). We not only examine intergroup comparisons between women and men, but also highlight some of the intragroup heterogeneity within female perpetrators of the IPV population. The aim of this review is also to describe some of current treatment approaches and provide recommendations for the future.
Cortico-Cortical White Matter Motor Pathway Microstructure Is Related to Psychomotor Retardation in Major Depressive Disorder

Alterations of brain structure and function have been associated with psychomotor retardation in major depressive disorder (MDD). However, the association of motor behaviour and white matter integrity of motor pathways in MDD is unclear. The aim of the present study was to first investigate structural connectivity of white matter motor pathways in MDD. Second, we explore the relation of objectively measured motor activity and white matter integrity of motor pathways in MDD. Therefore, 21 patients with MDD and 21 healthy controls matched for age, gender, education and body mass index underwent diffusion tensor imaging and 24 hour actigraphy (measure of the activity level) the same day. Applying a probabilistic fibre tracking approach we extracted connection pathways between the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (dlPFC), the rostral anterior cingulate cortex (rACC), the pre-supplementary motor area (pre-SMA), the SMA-proper, the primary motor cortex (M1), the caudate nucleus, the putamen, the pallidum and the thalamus. Patients had lower activity levels and demonstrated increased mean diffusivity (MD) in pathways linking left pre-SMA and SMA-proper, and right SMA-proper and M1. Exploratory analyses point to a positive association of activity level and mean-fractional anisotropy in the right rACC-pre-SMA connection in MDD. Only MDD patients with low activity levels had a negative linear association of activity level and mean-MD in the left dlPFC-pre-SMA connection. Our results point to structural alterations of cortico-cortical white matter motor pathways in MDD. Altered white matter organisation of rACC-pre-SMA and dlPFC-pre-SMA pathways may contribute to movement initiation in MDD.
Performance evaluation on vehicular delay-tolerant networks

Delay-tolerant Network (DTN) is a computer network architecture that operates effectively over an extreme distance and communicates with heterogeneous networks that may affect the continuous network connectivity. DTN is particularly useful for the areas in which there are no direct connection (either physical or wireless) between source and destination over a long distance, as it can overcome the challenges of connectivity disruptions, delays, and disconnections situations. In this paper, a DTN using vehicles as the communication media will be evaluated in a simulated environment. In order to evaluate the efficiency of the vehicle DTN, two scenarios were simulated: 1) vehicles running along a predefined path and 2) vehicles running randomly along multiple paths. In the simulations, we evaluated the performance of DTN (e.g. latency, delivery probability, etc.) for different values of the system parameters. Based on the results, we made some suggestions on the choices of the parameters so as to improve the efficiency of DTN.
Immediacy of integration in discourse comprehension: Evidence from Chinese readers’ eye movements

An eye-movement study was conducted to examine whether Chinese readers immediately activate and integrate related background information during discourse comprehension. Participants were asked to read short passages, each containing a critical word that fitted well within the local context but was inconsistent or neutral with background information from the early part of the passage. This manipulation of textual consistency produced reliable effects on both first-pass reading fixations in the target region and second-pass reading times in the pre-target and target regions. These results indicate that integration processes start very rapidly in reading text in a writing system with properties that encourage delayed processing, suggesting that immediate processing is likely a universal principle in discourse comprehension.
Stretching the limits of Programmable Embedded Devices for Public-key Cryptography

In this work, the efficiency of embedded devices when operating as cryptographic accelerators is assessed, exploiting both multithreading and Single Instruction Multiple Data (SIMD) parallelism. The latency of a single modular multiplication is reduced, by splitting computation across multiple cores, and the technique is applied to the Rivest-Shamir-Adleman (RSA) cryptosystem, reducing its central operation execution time by up to 2.2 times, on an ARM A15 4-core processor. Also, algorithms are proposed to simultaneously perform multiple modular multiplications. The parallel algorithms are used to enhance the RSA and Elliptic Curve (EC) cryptosystems, obtaining speedups of upto 7.2 and 3.9 on the ARM processor, respectively. Whereas the first approach is most beneficial when a single RSA exponentiation is required, the latter provides a better performance when multiple RSA exponentiations have to be computed.