Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Financial Conditions Indexes for Canada

The authors construct three financial conditions indexes (FCIs) for Canada based on three approaches: an IS-curve-based model, generalized impulse-response functions, and factoranalysis. Each approach is intended to address one or more criticisms of the monetary conditions index (MCI) and existing FCIs. To evaluate their three FCIs, the authors consider five performance criteria: the consistency of each FCI's weight with economic theory, its graphical ability to predict turning points in the business cycle, its dynamic correlation with output, its in-sample fit in explaining output, and its out-of-sample performance in forecasting output. Using monthly data, the authors find, in general, that housing prices, equity prices, and bond yield risk premiums, in addition to short- and long-term interest rates and the exchange rate, are significant in explaining output from 1981 to 2000. They also find that the FCIs outperform the Bank of Canada's MCI in many areas.
The Transmission of Political Values from Parent to Child

In understanding the political development of the pre-adult one of the central questions hinges on the relative and differentiated contributions of various socializing agents. The question undoubtedly proves more difficult as one traverses a range of polities from those where life and learning are almost completely wrapped up in the immediate and extended family to those which are highly complex social organisms and in which the socialization agents are extremely varied. To gain some purchase on the role of one socializing agent in our own complex society, this paper will take up the specific question of the transmission of certain values from parent to child as observed in late adolescence. After noting parent-child relationships for a variety of political values, attention will be turned to some aspects of family structure which conceivably affect the transmission flows. I. Assessing the Family's Impact: “Foremost among agencies of socialization into politics is the family. ” So begins Herbert Hyman's discussion of the sources of political learning.1 Hyman explicitly recognized the importance of other agents, but he was neither the first nor the last observer to stress the preeminent position of the family. This viewpoint relies heavily on both the direct and indirect role of the family in shaping the basic orientations of offspring. Whether the child is conscious or unaware of the impact, whether the process is role-modelling or overt transmission, whether the values are political and directly usable or “nonpolitical” but transferable, and whether what is passed on lies in the cognitive or affective realm, it has been argued that the family is of paramount importance.
Syntactic Agreement in Bilingual Corpora

The task of automatic machine translation (MT) is the focus of a huge variety of active research efforts, both because of the intrinsic utility of this difficult task, and the theoretical and linguistic insights that arise from modeling relationships between natural languages. However, MT systems that leverage syntactic information are only recently becoming practical, and in a typical system of this sort, syntactic information is generated by monolingual parsers; the task of explicitly modeling syntactic relationships between target and source languages is yet to be fully explored. This thesis investigates the problem of finding syntactic parse trees of target and/or source sentences that are more appropriate for use in a syntactic MT system. Two basic methodologies are explored. First, we present a sequence of two statistical models that leverage bilingual information to improve the linguistic quality of syntactic parses, as measured by their ability to replicate human-generated gold-standard annotations. The first model uses word to word alignments as an external source of information, while the second models the alignments jointly. These models are both quite effective at improving the intrinsic quality of the parse trees, and the second model additionally improves word alignment performance. However, while the two models achieve similar parsing improvements, we find that improving parses in conjunction with word alignments is much more helpful for the downstream machine translation task. In the next part of the thesis, we explore this finding further by investigating the effects on MT performance of agreement between parse trees and word alignments. We present a simple method for transforming input trees in a way that ignores gold-standard annotations, concentrating instead on improving syntactic agreement directly. In experiments, we find that though we obviously lose fidelity to more linguistically informed treebank annotation guidelines, this transformation-based approach yields the strongest improvements in syntactic machine translation.
Clinical and morphofunctional features of idiopathic myenteric ganglionitis underlying severe intestinal motor dysfunction: a study of three cases

Ganglionitis, i.e., the inflammatory neuropathy characterized by a marked lymphoplasmacellular infiltrate in the myenteric plexus, may underlie a variety of paraneoplastic, infectious, or neurological disorders, although occasional cases are idiopathic in origin. We report clinical, manometric, morphofunctional, and immunological features of three cases of idiopathic ganglionitis. All patients had megacolon and underwent surgery for repeated episodes of intestinal subocclusion. Esophageal, GI, and colonic manometry performed in one patient showed dysmotility of the whole gut. Histological examination of colonic and ileum specimens identified a prominent lymphoplasmacellular infiltrate within the myenteric plexus along with a marked decrease of a wide array of neuronal peptides/transmitters. In one patient, tissue analysis revealed progressive neuronal changes up to marked myenteric neuron damage. The inflammatory infiltrate in all patients comprised CD4+ and CD8+ T lymphocytes. Abundance of both subclasses of lymphocytes suggests that immune-mediated mechanisms were responsible for neuronal degeneration. In one patient, systemic steroid therapy brought a significant clinical improvement. The immunosuppressive approach deserves further investigation in patients with severe gut motor abnormalities attributable to idiopathic myenteric ganglionitis.
A Large-Scale Analysis of the Reasons Given for Excluding Articles that are Retrieved by Literature Search During Systematic Review

OBJECTIVE A literature search to identify relevant studies is one of the first steps in performing a systematic review (SR) in support of evidence-based medicine. To maximize efficiency, the search must find practically all relevant studies and retrieve few that are irrelevant; however, this level of precision is seldom attained. Therefore, many articles must be manually examined for relevance. To better understand the limitations of current search tools as applied to SR, we characterized the most common reasons that papers retrieved by SR searches were excluded from the review. METHODS The textual reasons given for retrieved but excluded articles were extracted from 6,743 SRs performed by 54 Cochrane Collaboration review groups. The frequencies of different exclusion reasons were analyzed, and we developed a taxonomy summarizing these reasons. RESULTS Almost 65% of articles were excluded because the means of comparison were inappropriate. Of these, about 72% were due to the randomized controlled trial (RCT) design being required but not employed by the excluded study. Mismatching interventions and outcomes and incorrect population characteristics were also common reasons for exclusion. CONCLUSIONS Currently available search methods do not adequately address the most common exclusion reasons for systematic review, even those based primarily on study design.
Attitudes to school and intentions for educational participation: an analysis of data from the Longitudinal Survey of Young People in England

The paper investigates the attitudes of young people in England towards schooling and education and the relationship of these attitudes to intentions for educational participation and to various background characteristics of the young people. It provides an example of secondary data analysis through using the Longitudinal Survey of Young People in England–a large-scale, government-funded panel survey of pupils moving through the secondary school and into employment or further education and training. The size of the sample, starting with 15,000 young people, enables a detailed analysis of small sub-groups within the data while interviews with parents mean that pupil attitudes and intentions can be related to family characteristics. The results show that young people are very positive about their schools and share the values of the education system, although a small minority expressed much more negative views. Negative views were strongly associated with plans to leave education at 16 although there were negative pupils who nevertheless planned to continue participation and positive pupils who planned to leave. The most negative pupils included both males and females and young people from all social backgrounds. However, most ethnic minority groups were under-represented among those expressing negative views.
Study in London confirms influence of ethnic group on treatment for asthma

EDITOR,—Enric Duran-Tauleria and colleagues report that children from ethnic minority groups were less likely to be prescribed drugs for their asthma than were inner city white children and those from English and Scottish representative samples.1 Although reporting by parents may not be reliable or accurate,2 particularly across ethnic groups, and the authors' investigation was limited to children aged 5–11, this work has important implications. We took a different and perhaps broader approach, using the City and East London general practice database. We hold data on ethnicity, …
FPGA Fault Injection Platform for Secure Device Design Evaluation ( work in progress )

In this paper, we describe our current work on developing tools for experimental evaluation of the efficiency of implemented countermeasures against differential fault attacks on cryptographic cores in the FPGA based systems. The developed fault injection platform enables us to analyze the impact of injected faults at the selected points of the FPGA in its run time operation. In its compact version, the platform can also play the role of a Troyan horse imported in a FPGA based system. Keywords— differential fault attacks; FPGA; fault injection; dynamic partial reconfiguration
Lesions of swine lymph nodes as a diagnostic test to determine mycobacterial infection

Decisions as to the disposition of swine carcasses with lesions attributable to a mycobacterial infection are based upon a lesion criterion which is used as a diagnostic test by federal meat inspectors. Using this criterion, a federal meat inspector classified 58 of 100 pigs as "passed for cooking" and the other 42 pigs passed. Of the 58 pigs passed for cooking and the 42 pigs passed, mycobacterial isolations were made from the lymph nodes of 33 and 15 of the animals, respectively. The lesion criterion as a diagnostic test has the following attributes: 70% sensitive; 53% specific; 23% index of performance; 57% positive accuracy; and 67% negative accuracy.
The Influence of University Courses and Field Experiences on Chinese Elementary Candidates’ Mathematical Knowledge for Teaching

In this article, we draw on survey data to investigate associations between Chinese elementary teaching candidates’ mathematical knowledge for teaching (MKT) and their experiences in mathematics courses, mathematics methods courses, and student teaching. In our study, we found that (a) Chinese teaching candidates’ completion of courses in number theory and mathematical reasoning, (b) their exposure to certain topics and learning experiences in mathematics methods courses and general pedagogy courses, and (c) the extent to which candidates had full instructional responsibility during student teaching were associated with significantly higher levels of MKT in number and operations (N&O). At the same time, our analyses also revealed that candidates’ MKT was not affected by the overall number of university-level mathematics courses that they had completed or the overall length of their student teaching (including weeks when they did not have full responsibility for instruction).
Perfiles de aculturación según el Modelo Ampliado de Aculturación Relativa: autóctonos, inmigrantes rumanos y ecuatorianos

Resumen El objetivo del presente trabajo ha sido detectar, empleando el Modelo Ampliado de Aculturación Relativa (MAAR), y tomando como referencia a inmigrantes rumanos y ecuatorianos y a autóctonos españoles, aquellos ámbitos socioculturales en los que pueden predecirse relaciones conflictivas o problemáticas entre inmigrantes y autóctonos—frente a los que muestran relaciones consensuadas—, con el fin de orientar la intervención. Han participado 1967 personas, de las cuales 992 son autóctonas y 975 son inmigrantes (475 de origen ecuatoriano, y 500 de origen rumano). Los resultados indican, a partir de un análisis de clúster en las diferentes muestras, que hay una preferencia generalizada por la “asimilación” en los ámbitos periféricos del MAAR (compartida por autóctonos e inmigrantes), por lo que las relaciones en ellos tienden a ser consensuadas. En los ámbitos centrales se prevén relaciones problemáticas y conflictivas, dado que la preferencia de los autóctonos por la “asimilación”, tanto de rumanos como de ecuatorianos, difiere de las preferencias de éstos en dichos ámbitos, que varían entre la “integración” y la “separación”.
Is I/sub DDQ/ yield loss inevitable?

I/sub DDQ/ testing is a powerful way to improve the quality of low fault coverage tests, and to detect defects that are hard or impossible to detect using traditional voltage testing methods. However, it appears that there is some yield loss associated with I/sub DDQ/ testing, where yield loss means that devices passing burn-in and system tests fail I/sub DDQ/ test. This paper gives reasons why such yield loss is inevitable, and must be considered when making a decision whether or not to use I/sub DDQ/ testing. We also present some evidence backing up this speculation, and a brief economic model to help in making I/sub DDQ/ testing decisions.
Identification of gastric cancer-related genes using a cDNA microarray containing novel expressed sequence tags expressed in gastric cancer cells.

PURPOSE Gastric cancer is one of the most frequently diagnosed malignancies in the world, especially in Korea and Japan. To understand the molecular mechanism associated with gastric carcinogenesis, we attempted to identify novel gastric cancer-related genes using a novel 2K cDNA microarray. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN A 2K cDNA microarray was fabricated from 1,995 novel expressed sequence tags (ESTs) showing no hits or a low homology with ESTs in public databases from our 143,452 ESTs collected from gastric cancer cell lines and tissues. An analysis of the gene expression for human gastric cancer cell lines to a normal cell line was done using this cDNA microarray. Data for the different expressed genes were verified using semiquantitative reverse transcription-PCR, Western blotting, and immunohistochemical staining in the gastric cell lines and tissues. RESULTS Forty genes were identified as either up-regulated or down-regulated genes in human gastric cancer cells. Among these, genes such as SKB1, NT5C3, ZNF9, p30, CDC20, and FEN1, were confirmed to be up-regulated genes in nine gastric cell lines and in 25 pairs of tissue samples from patients by semiquantitative reverse transcription-PCR. On the other hand, genes such as MT2A and CXX1 were identified as down-regulated genes. In particular, the SKB1, CDC20, and FEN1 genes were overexpressed in > or =68% of tissues and the MT2A gene was down-expressed in 72% of the tissues. Western blotting and immunohistochemical analyses for CDC20 and SKB1 showed overexpression and localization changes of the corresponding protein in human gastric cancer tissues. CONCLUSIONS Novel genes that are related to human gastric cancer were identified using cDNA microarray developed in our laboratory. In particular, CDC20 and MT2A represent a potential biomarker of human gastric cancer. These newly identified genes should provide a valuable resource for understanding the molecular mechanism associated with tumorigenesis of gastric carcinogenesis and for the discovery of potential diagnostic markers of gastric cancer.
Towards Abstraction from Extraction: Multiple Timescale Gated Recurrent Unit for Summarization

In this work, we introduce temporal hierarchies to the sequence to sequence (seq2seq) model to tackle the problem of abstractive summarization of scientific articles. The proposed Multiple Timescale model of the Gated Recurrent Unit (MTGRU) is implemented in the encoder-decoder setting to better deal with the presence of multiple compositionalities in larger texts. The proposed model is compared to the conventional RNN encoder-decoder, and the results demonstrate that our model trains faster and shows significant performance gains. The results also show that the temporal hierarchies help improve the ability of seq2seq models to capture compositionalities better without the presence of highly complex architectural hierarchies.
Social Behavior and Network Analysis

A network of Science, Technology & Innovation actors and their collaborative actions are described in this study. The development of those actions is essential to improve the efficiency and the effectiveness of the Chinese aeronautic process and to maintain its global competitiveness. The paper analyzes the dynamic cooperation network model of the Chinese aeronautic sector based on the case study executed in joint with the Industrial Promotion and Coordination Institute – an organization responsible for the industrial support and infrastructure programs to improve the quality and the training of this sector. As a result, this work identifies some critical factors for success related to the cooperation network model for the growth of the sector competitiveness potential.
Disordered eating and media exposure among adolescent girls: the role of parental involvement and sense of empowerment

Objectives: This study aimed to explore relations between disordered eating pathology (DEP), exposure to media messages and sense of empowerment in female adolescents. Additionally, it aimed to investigate parental involvement as related to their daughters' sense of empowerment. Method: Participants were 248 girls aged 12–19 who completed self-report questionnaires assessing demographic data, DEP, body image, exposure to media, sense of empowerment and parental involvement type. Results: Main results showed that greater DEP and poorer body image both correlated significantly with higher media message exposure, particularly to Facebook and YouTube. Moreover, girls' lower sense of empowerment correlated with greater DEP and with lower parental involvement. Discussion: Findings highlight the harmful influence of social media on DEP, emphasising the importance of parenting style for adolescents' sense of empowerment and underscoring the need for parental involvement in prevention programmes.
Semigroup stability of finite difference schemes for multidimensional hyperbolic initial-boundary value problems

We develop a simple energy method to prove the stability of finite difference schemes for multidimensional hyperbolic initial boundary value problems. In particular we extend to several space dimensions a crucial result by Goldberg and Tadmor. This allows us to give two conditions on the discretized operator that ensure that stability estimates for zero initial data imply a semigroup stability estimate for general initial data. We then apply this criterion to several numerical schemes in two space dimensions.
Grammars, parsers, and language acquisition

Journal of Child Language / Volume 31 / Issue 02 / May 2004, pp 480 483 DOI: 10.1017/S0305000904006117, Published online: 07 July 2004 Link to this article: http://journals.cambridge. org/abstract_S0305000904006117 How to cite this article: EVAN KIDD (2004). Grammars, parsers, and language acquisition. Journal of Child Language, 31, pp 480-483 doi:10.1017/S0305000904006117 Request Permissions : Click here
Nonpainful remote electrical stimulation alleviates episodic migraine pain

Objective: To evaluate the efficacy of remote nonpainful electrical upper arm skin stimulation in reducing migraine attack pain. Methods: This is a prospective, double-blinded, randomized, crossover, sham-controlled trial. Migraineurs applied skin electrodes to the upper arm soon after attack onset for 20 minutes, at various pulse widths, and refrained from medications for 2 hours. Patients were asked to use the device for up to 20 attacks. Results: In 71 patients (299 treatments) with evaluable data, 50% pain reduction was obtained for 64% of participants based on best of 200-μs, 150-μs, and 100-μs pulse width stimuli per individual vs 26% for sham stimuli. Greater pain reduction was found for active stimulation vs placebo; for those starting at severe or moderate pain, reduction (1) to mild or no pain occurred in 58% (25/43) of participants (66/134 treatments) for the 200-μs stimulation protocol and 24% (4/17; 8/29 treatments) for placebo (p = 0.02), and (2) to no pain occurred in 30% (13/43) of participants (37/134 treatments) and 6% (1/17; 5/29 treatments), respectively (p = 0.004). Earlier application of the treatment, within 20 minutes of attack onset, yielded better results: 46.7% pain reduction as opposed to 24.9% reduction when started later (p = 0.02). Conclusion: Nonpainful remote skin stimulation can significantly reduce migraine pain, especially when applied early in an attack. This is presumably by activating descending inhibition pathways via the conditioned pain modulation effect. This treatment may be proposed as an attractive nonpharmacologic, easy to use, adverse event free, and inexpensive tool to reduce migraine pain. ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT02453399. Classification of evidence: This study provides Class III evidence that for patients with an acute migraine headache, remote nonpainful electrical stimulation on the upper arm skin reduces migraine pain.
Side of cancer does not influence limb volumes in women prior to breast cancer surgery.

BACKGROUND Understanding normal volume asymmetry is essential for accurate assessment of limb volume changes following breast cancer (BC) treatment in which lymphatic function is disrupted. The purposes of this study were to evaluate for differences in dominant and nondominant limb volumes and to evaluate for interactions between the effects of dominance and side of cancer on limb volume. METHODS AND RESULTS This study evaluated preoperative limb volumes of 397 women enrolled in a prospective, longitudinal study of neuropathic pain and lymphedema. Volume was calculated from circumference. Limb resistance was measured with bioimpedance. Women were dichotomized into two groups: those whose cancer was on their dominant side and those whose cancer was on their nondominant side. Analyses of variance were used to evaluate for differences. In 47%, BC occurred on the side of the dominant limb. Except for the 30 to 40 centimeter (cm) limb volume segment, a main effect of dominance was found for all measures. The volume of the dominant limb was significantly greater than that of the nondominant limb. No main effects were found for side of cancer. A statistically significant interaction was found only at the 0 to 10 cm limb volume segment. CONCLUSIONS Prior to BC treatment, the dominant limb demonstrated lower bioimpedance resistance (-2.09%) and greater total limb volume (1.12%) than the nondominant limb. Segmental volume differences were greatest at the proximal forearm segment (2.31%) and least at the proximal arm segment (0.21%). This study provides evidence that preoperative volume assessment is important due to normal variability associated with limb dominance.