Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Mechanisms of Bone Resorption in Periodontitis

Alveolar bone loss is a hallmark of periodontitis progression and its prevention is a key clinical challenge in periodontal disease treatment. Bone destruction is mediated by the host immune and inflammatory response to the microbial challenge. However, the mechanisms by which the local immune response against periodontopathic bacteria disturbs the homeostatic balance of bone formation and resorption in favour of bone loss remain to be established. The osteoclast, the principal bone resorptive cell, differentiates from monocyte/macrophage precursors under the regulation of the critical cytokines macrophage colony-stimulating factor, RANK ligand, and osteoprotegerin. TNF-α, IL-1, and PGE2 also promote osteoclast activity, particularly in states of inflammatory osteolysis such as those found in periodontitis. The pathogenic processes of destructive inflammatory periodontal diseases are instigated by subgingival plaque microflora and factors such as lipopolysaccharides derived from specific pathogens. These are propagated by host inflammatory and immune cell influences, and the activation of T and B cells initiates the adaptive immune response via regulation of the Th1-Th2-Th17 regulatory axis. In summary, Th1-type T lymphocytes, B cell macrophages, and neutrophils promote bone loss through upregulated production of proinflammatory mediators and activation of the RANK-L expression pathways.
Thyroid Hormone‐Regulated Expression of RC3/Neurogranin in the Immortalized Hypothalamic Cell Line GT1‐7

Abstract: The calmodulin‐binding, protein kinase C substrate RC3/neurogranin is the product of a neuron‐specific gene expressed in the forebrain that is under specific regional and temporal control by thyroid hormone (3,5,3′‐triiodothyronine, T3). In vivo, some neuronal populations are sensitive and others are insensitive to T3. The goal of this study was to identify neuronal cell cultures that express RC3/neurogranin, to check whether they are sensitive to T3, and to examine the mechanism of regulation. We found that RC3 is induced by T3 in the hypothalamic cell line GT1‐7 at the transcriptional level. The half‐life of the mature mRNA was 20 h and was not affected by the hormone. Addition of T3 to the cell culture induces neurogranin mRNA after 6 h in the absence of new protein synthesis. These results suggest a direct transcriptional effect of T3 mediated through nuclear receptors. Indeed, GT1‐7 cells express functional T3 receptors, as shown by northern blotting, nuclear T3‐binding assays, and transactivation of reporter genes. The role of retinoic acid and glucocorticoids on RC3 expression was also evaluated, because we have previously noted the presence of consensus response elements for these hormones in the RC3 upstream promoter region. In contrast to T3, neither retinoic acid nor dexamethasone influences neurogranin expression despite the presence of respective functional receptors.
Comparing Measures of Childhood Loneliness: Internal Consistency and Confirmatory Factor Analysis

Compared 6 self-rating measures of loneliness and associated phenomena, designed for use with elementary-school children. Three samples of children in Grades 5 and 6 (total N = 758) completed various combinations of these instruments. In terms of internal consistency, the Children's Loneliness Scale (CLS) and the peer-related loneliness subscale of the Loneliness and Aloneness Scale for Children and Adolescents (LACA) were most reliable. Substantial support was obtained for the convergent validity of the measures. Confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) on 2 samples and exploratory factor analysis on a third sample indicated that the 13 scales and derivative subscales of the 6 measures tapped 4 different but interrelated latent constructs: peer-related loneliness, family-related loneliness (in some cases restricted to parent-related loneliness), negative attitude toward being alone, and positive attitude toward being alone. Recommendations are offered for conditions under which each scale may be useful. Limitations of this study are discussed and suggestions for future research are offered.
Clinical Inhibition of the Seven-Transmembrane Thrombin Receptor (PAR1) by Intravenous Aprotinin During Cardiothoracic Surgery

Background—Protease-activated receptor-1 (PAR1) is the principal thrombin receptor in the vasculature, and antagonists against this receptor are in preclinical trials. Aprotinin, already approved for clinical use to reduce transfusion requirements in cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) surgery, has been shown to inhibit PAR1 activation in vitro. Here, we exploit CPB as a model for thrombin generation in humans to examine whether aprotinin can inhibit platelet PAR1 activation clinically. Methods and Results—PAR1 expression and function on platelets was examined in coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) patients randomized into 2 groups: (1) those receiving saline infusion during CPB (n=17) and (2) those receiving aprotinin (2×106 kallikrein inhibitor units [KIU] in pump prime, 2×106 KIU loading dose, followed by 0.5×106 KIU/h [n=13]). Platelets in the saline group showed loss of PAR1-specific function at 2 hours after CPB, but this was preserved in the aprotinin group (P<0.001). These effects were most likely targeted at PAR1 receptor cleavage, because (1) the level of thrombin generated during CPB did not vary significantly between groups, (2) expression of SPAN12, which detects only uncleaved PAR1 receptors, was preserved in the aprotinin but not the placebo group (P<0.05), and (3) supporting evidence in vitro showed reduced thrombin-induced PAR1 cleavage (P<0.001) and platelet aggregation (P<0.001) in the presence of aprotinin. Conclusions—This study demonstrates that platelet PAR1 activation by thrombin can be inhibited by aprotinin. Our results extend the clinical mechanism of action of aprotinin and provide the first proof of principle that PAR1 can be inhibited clinically. This has implications beyond cardiac surgery for the development of therapeutic PAR1 blockade.
Fair Division of a Graph

We consider fair allocation of indivisible items under an additional constraint: there is an undirected graph describing the relationship between the items, and each agent's share must form a connected subgraph of this graph. This framework captures, e.g., fair allocation of land plots, where the graph describes the accessibility relation among the plots. We focus on agents that have additive utilities for the items, and consider several common fair division solution concepts, such as proportionality, envy-freeness and maximin share guarantee. While finding good allocations according to these solution concepts is computationally hard in general, we design efficient algorithms for special cases wherethe underlying graph has simple structure, and/or the number of agents---or, less restrictively, the number of agent types---is small. In particular, despite non-existence results in the general case, we prove that for acyclic graphs a maximin share allocation always exists and can be found efficiently.
Virtual clinic: A telemedicine proposal for remote areas of Pakistan

In this paper, a proposal for telemedicine approach in the rural areas of Pakistan is presented where healthcare facilities are not sufficient due to non availability of doctors and medical staff. On the other hand 80% of the female students join medical colleges and out of which only 10% to 15% join medical field as profession. Our proposal is to connect these rural areas with these non practicing lady doctors through any communication media whether it is internet, GSM, WiMAX, Satellite etc. For this sake virtual clinics will be established in the remote sites, patients will visit these clinics a nursing staff would be available to take all necessary information that will be sent by a smart phone to a registered doctor through a central system. Doctor in return would prescribe and prescription will be sent back by smart phone to virtual clinic via same central system. A prototype of the proposal is established and survey results are presented for viability of the proposal.
On the use of statistical semantics for metadata-based social image retrieval

We revisit text-based image retrieval for social media, exploring the opportunities offered by statistical semantics. We assess the performance and limitation of several complementary corpus-based semantic text similarity methods in combination with word representations. We compare results with state-of-the-art text search engines. Our deep learning-based semantic retrieval methods show a statistically significant improvement in comparison to a best practice Solr search engine, at the expense of a significant increase in processing time. We provide a solution for reducing the semantic processing time up to 48% compared to the standard approach, while achieving the same performance.
Optimal Design and Implementation of 3D Shape Restoration System for Femtosecond Laser Micromachining

In this paper, we propose a 3D shape restoration system which measures height and surface of transparent ITO glass to compensate for focal length and incidence angle of laser beam to femtosecond laser micromachining. The proposed system is composed of line laser, high resolution camera, linear motion guide synchronized to image capturing and control station. To optimize positions of components, we define sensitivity index that represents the effect between measurement error and the position of a camera and line laser. The results of the proposed system are verified by comparing with the results of SPM (scanning probe microscope) and prove the usefulness of the system.
Galaxy number counts — V. Ultradeep counts: the Herschel and Hubble Deep Fields

We present u,b,r & i galaxy number counts and colours both from the North and South Hubble Space Telescope Deep Fields and from the William Herschel Deep Field. The latter comprises a 7 ' × 7 ' area of sky reaching b �28.5 at its deepest. Following Metcalfe et al. (1996) we show that simple Bruzual & Charlot evolutionary models which assume exponentially increasing star-formation rates with look-back time and q0=0.05 continue to give excellent fits to galaxy counts and colours in the deep imaging data. With q0=0.5, an extra population of 'disappearing dwarf' galaxies is required to fit the optical counts. We further find that the (r i) : (b r) colour-colour diagrams show distinctive features corresponding to two populations of early- and late-type galaxies which are well fitted by features in the Bruzual & Charlot models. The (r i) : (b r) data also suggest the existence of an intrinsically faint population of early-types at z � 0.1 with similar properties to the 'disappearing dwarf' population required if q0=0.5. The outstanding issue remaining for the early-type models is the dwarf-dominated IMF which we invoke to reduce the numbers of z > 1 galaxies predicted at K < 19. For the spiral models, the main issue is that even with the inclusion of internal dust absorption at the AB = 0.3 mag level, the model predicts too blue (u b) colours for late-type galaxies at z � 1. Despite these possible problems, we conclude that these simple models with monotonically increasing star-formation rates broadly fit the data to z � 3. We compare these results for the star formation rate history with those from the different approach of Madau et al. (1996). We conclude that when the effects of internal dust absorption in spirals are taken into account the results from this latter approach are completely consistent with the �=9Gyr, exponentially rising star formation rate density out to z � 3 which fits the deepest, optical/IR galaxy count and colour data. When we compare the observed and predicted galaxy counts for UV dropouts in the range 2 < z < 3.5 from the data of Steidel et al. (1999), Madau et al. (1996) and new data from the Herschel and HDF-S fields, we find excellent agreement, indicating that the space density of galaxies may not have changed much between z = 0 and z = 3 and identifying the Lyman break galaxies with the bright end of the evolved spiral luminosity function. Making the same comparison for B dropout galaxies in the range 3.5 < z < 4.5 we find that the space density of intrinsically bright galaxies remains the same but the space density of faint galaxies drops by a factor of �5, consistent with the idea that L ∗ galaxies were already in place at z � 4 but that dwarf galaxies may have formed later at 3 < z < 4.
Effective Complexity of Stationary Process Realizations

Abstract: The concept of effective complexity of an object as the minimal descriptionlength of its regularities has been initiated by Gell-Mann and Lloyd. The regularities aremodeled by means of ensembles, which is the probability distributions on ﬁnite binarystrings. In our previous paper [1] we propose a deﬁnition of effective complexity in preciseterms of algorithmic information theory. Here we investigate the effective complexity ofbinary strings generated by stationary, in general not computable, processes. We show thatunder not too strong conditions long typical process realizations are effectively simple. Ourresults become most transparent in the context of coarse effective complexity which is amodiﬁcation of the original notion of effective complexity that needs less parameters in itsdeﬁnition. Asimilarmodiﬁcationoftherelatedconceptofsophisticationhasbeensuggestedby Antunes and Fortnow.Keywords: effective complexity; Kolmogorov complexity; Shannon entropy; computablestationary processes; coarse effective complexity
A Genetic Epidemiological Study of Spinocerebellar Ataxias in Tottori Prefecture, Japan

We investigated the genotype frequencies of patients with spinocerebellar ataxias (SCA), using a community-based prevalence study among 613,349 inhabitants in Tottori prefecture, Japan. Prevalence date was April 1, 1998. On this date, 109 SCA patients were identified in this community. The prevalence of SCA was 17.8 per 100,000 individuals. The most common cause of inherited SCA was a mutation at the SCA6 locus (25%), followed by mutation at the SCA1 locus (15%), SCA3 locus (5%) and dentatorubral-pallidoluysian atrophy locus (5%). None of the expanded alleles was found in SCA2, SCA7 or Friedreich’s ataxia. Mutation at SCA6 was also the most common form of sporadic SCA at 11%. Prevalences per 100,000 individuals were as follows: SCA6, 2.40; SCA1, 0.48; DRPLA, 0.32, and SCA3, 0.16.
Scale Space Tracking and Deformable Sheet Models for Computational Vision

The deformable sheet, a physical model that provides a natural framework for addressing many vision problems that can be solved by smoothness-constrained optimization, is described. Deformable sheets are characterized by a global energy functional, and the smoothness constraint is represented by a linear internal energy term. Analogous to physical sheets, the model sheets are deformed by problem-specific external forces and, in turn, impose smoothness on the applied forces. The model unifies the properties of scale and smoothness into a single parameter that makes it possible to perform scale space tracking by properly controlling the smoothness constraint. Specifically, the desired scale space trajectory is found by solving a differential equation in scale. The simple analytic dependence on scale also provides a mechanism for adaptive step size control. Results from application of the deformable sheet model to various problems in computational vision are presented. >
Behavioral aspects of executive functions of school-age children with a history of specific language impairment

Purpose Children with specific language impairment (SLI) have deficits in language and often in other cognitive functions. Language has a central role in cognitive self-guidance. Yet there is a lack of studies on the executive functions (EFs) of children with SLI in everyday environment. The aim of this study was to describe behavioral aspects of EFs of school-age children with a history of SLI and compare them to the functioning of typically developing children. Group comparisons in EFs were made also considering the effects of nonverbal IQ. Methods Participants were 7 to 9 year-old children with a history of SLI (n=22) and age, gender and maternal education matched children (n=22) with typical development. The EFs were assessed by parents and teachers using the Behavior Rating Inventory of Executive Function (BRIEF). Intellectual functioning was assessed with the Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children. EFs of the groups were compared with paired analysis using conditional logistical regression models, with and without controlling for the Performance Intelligence Quotient (PIQ). Results Statistically significant differences between the groups were found on four Parent BRIEF scales and on six Teacher BRIEF scales. The group differences partly remained after controlling for PIQ. Conclusions School-age children with SLI have more deficits in executive functions in daily life than their peers. In clinical practice, it is recommended to pay attention to EFs when assessing and planning interventions for children with SLI.
Targeting Melanoma Cells with Human High Molecular Weight-Melanoma Associated Antigen-Specific Antibodies Elicited by a Peptide Mimotope: Functional Effects

Human high molecular weight-melanoma associated Ag (HMW-MAA) mimics have been shown to elicit HMW-MAA-specific humoral immune responses that appear to be clinically beneficial. This finding has stimulated interest in characterizing the mechanism(s) underlying the ability of the elicited Abs to exert an anti-tumor effect. To address this question, in the present study, we have generated HMW-MAA-specific Abs by sequentially immunizing rabbits with the peptide P763.74, which mimics the HMW-MAA determinant recognized by mAb 763.74, and with HMW-MAA+ melanoma cells. HMW-MAA-specific Abs isolated from immunized rabbits mediated cell-dependent cytotoxicity but did not mediate complement-dependent cytotoxicity of HMW-MAA+ melanoma cells. These Abs also effectively inhibited spreading, migration and Matrigel invasion of HMW-MAA+ melanoma cells. Besides contributing to our understanding of the role of HMW-MAA in the biology of melanoma cells, these results suggest that both immunological and nonimmunological mechanisms underlie the beneficial clinical effects associated with the induction of HMW-MAA-specific Abs in melanoma patients immunized with a HMW-MAA mimic.
Wavelet-based neural network for power disturbance recognition and classification

In this paper, a prototype wavelet-based neural-network classifier for recognizing power-quality disturbances is implemented and tested under various transient events. The discrete wavelet transform (DWT) technique is integrated with the probabilistic neural-network (PNN) model to construct the classifier. First, the multiresolution-analysis technique of DWT and the Parseval's theorem are employed to extract the energy distribution features of the distorted signal at different resolution levels. Then, the PNN classifies these extracted features to identify the disturbance type according to the transient duration and the energy features. Since the proposed methodology can reduce a great quantity of the distorted signal features without losing its original property, less memory space and computing time are required. Various transient events tested, such as momentary interruption, capacitor switching, voltage sag/swell, harmonic distortion, and flicker show that the classifier can detect and classify different power disturbance types efficiently.
Differential Effects of Phenylalanine on Rac1, Cdc42, and RhoA Expression and Activity in Cultured Cortical Neurons

Phenylketonuria (PKU) is characterized by a high concentration of phenylalanine, which can lead to mental retardation. One of the characteristic pathologic changes in untreated phenylketonuria patients is a reduction in the number of axons, dendrites, and synapses in the brain. This is thought to be due to the toxic effects of phenylalanine and/or its metabolites, however, the underlying mechanism remains unclear. In this study, we observed that phenylalanine reduced the number of dendrites and dendritic spines in cultured neurons. We further demonstrated that phenylalanine down-regulated Rac1, Cdc42, and RhoA mRNA and protein expression. Pull-down assays indicated that phenylalanine caused a decrease in Rac1/Cdc42 activity but increased RhoA activity. Expression of a dominant negative RhoA or treatment with a Rho-associated kinase specific inhibitor, Y-27632, partly inhibited the phenylalanine-induced decrease in dendrite numbers. In conclusion, we have demonstrated that phenylalanine affects the expression and activity of Rac1, Cdc42, and RhoA. Furthermore, RhoA signaling is involved in the inhibitory effect of phenylalanine on dendritic branching. These results may provide an important insight into the molecular mechanism underlying phenylalanine-induced abnormalities of dendrites, specifically in phenylketonuria neuronal injury.
A Theory of Service Dependency

Service composition has become commonplace nowadays, in large part due to the increased complexity of software and supporting networks. Composition can be of many types, for instance sequential, prioritising, non-deterministic. However, a fundamental feature of the services to be composed consists in their dependencies with respect to each other. In this paper we propose a theory of service dependency, modelled around a dependency operator in the Action Systems formalism. We analyze its properties, composition behaviour, and refinement conditions with accompanying examples.
Heparin‐induced thrombocytopenia and fatal thrombosis in a patient with activated protein C resistance

We report a 20‐year‐old woman who developed heparin‐induced thrombocytopenia (HIT) associated with devastating and fatal multiorgan thrombosis. The patient, her mother, and her brother were found to have resistance to activated protein C (APC), and the congenital thrombophilia in this family was verified by the finding of the Arg506 Gln mutation in factor V. This is the first case of HIT and APC resistance. The consequences of this association are discussed.
Hilbert transform by divide-and-conquer piecewise linear approximation

For many years it has been known that having a piecewise linear fitting of a function, one can obtain a good approximation of its Hilbert transform. There are few ways to determine the slopes of a broken line approximation, but the most popular approaches need to specify the breakpoints. In this paper we determine the breakpoints using a divide-and-conquer approach, then the Hilbert transform can be computed in two different ways. Simulations results provided here show that the piecewise linear approximation of function and the resulting Hilbert transform approximation are relatively accurate, and the complexity of implementation is not large.
A Novel Low-Profile Coupled-Fed Printed Twelve-Band Mobile Phone Antenna with Slotted Ground Plane for LTE/GSM/UMTS/WIMAX/WLAN Operations

achieve a simple low profile structure. In order to overcome the shortcoming of narrow bandwidth for conventional planar printed antenna, a novel bandwidth enhancement approach for multiband handset antennas is proposed here. The technique used in this study shows that by using a coupledfed mechanism and a sground structure, a multiband operation with wideband characteristic can be achieved. The influences of the modifications introduced into the ground plane improved significantly the bandwidths of the designed antenna. The slotted ground plane structure with the coupledfed elements contributes their lowest, middle and higherorder resonant modes to form four operating modes. The generated modes are able to cover LTE 700/2300/2500, GSM 850/900/1800/1900, UMTS, WiMAX 3500, WLAN 2400/5200/5800 operations. Parametric studies via simulation are provided and discussed. Proposed antenna's gain, efficiency and radiation pattern characteristics over the desired operating bands are obtained and discussed. The reasonable results observed can meet the requirements of practical mobile phones.