Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Integration of a complex regulatory cascade involving the SirA/BarA and Csr global regulatory systems that controls expression of the Salmonella SPI‐1 and SPI‐2 virulence regulons through HilD

Salmonella pathogenicity islands 1 and 2 (SPI‐1 and SPI‐2) play key roles in the pathogenesis of Salmonella enterica. Previously, we showed that when Salmonella grows in Luria–Bertani medium, HilD, encoded in SPI‐1, first induces the expression of hilA, located in SPI‐1, and subsequently of the ssrAB operon, located in SPI‐2. These genes code for HilA and the SsrA/B two‐component system, the positive regulators of the SPI‐1 and SPI‐2 regulons respectively. In this study, we demonstrate that CsrA, a global regulatory RNA binding protein, post‐transcriptionally regulates hilD expression by directly binding near the Shine–Dalgarno and translation initiation codon sequences of the hilD mRNA, preventing its translation and leading to its accelerated turnover. Negative regulation is counteracted by the global SirA/BarA two‐component system, which directly activates the expression of CsrB and CsrC, two non‐coding regulatory RNAs that sequester CsrA, thereby preventing it from binding to its target mRNAs. Our results illustrate the integration of global and specific regulators into a multifactorial regulatory cascade controlling the expression of virulence genes acquired by horizontal transfer events.
Cytogenetic studies in patients on imatinib.

With the introduction of imatinib (Gleevec) (formerly STI571) for the treatment of chronic myeloid leukemia (CML), the various diagnostic methods used to monitor patients must be re-evaluated. Conventional cytogenetics has been the established method for follow-up of patients treated with interferon-alpha (IFN-alpha), and the prognostic value of major and complete cytogenetic remission was demonstrated in a number of studies. In patients on imatinib, these endpoints will likely remain valid, although longer observation is required. Cytogenetic remission as a time-dependent variable may aid risk stratification early on. Clonal evolution, ie, the presence of cytogenetic abnormalities in addition to the Philadelphia (Ph) chromosome, may provide important prognostic information as to the likely response to imatinib in all phases of CML but must be interpreted within the context of other disease characteristics. In some patients, clonal evolution is related to imatinib resistance. Information regarding the impact of specific types of additional cytogenetic abnormalities is still limited. Surprisingly, nonrandom karyotypic abnormalities have also been noted in the Ph-negative cells of some patients in cytogenetic remission. This is a novel phenomenon whose causality and prognostic implications require thorough and systematic evaluation.
A block Krylov subspace time‐exact solution method for linear ordinary differential equation systems

We propose a time‐exact Krylov‐subspace‐based method for solving linear ordinary differential equation systems of the form y ′ = − Ay + g(t) and y ′ ′ = − Ay + g(t), where y(t) is the unknown function. The method consists of two stages. The first stage is an accurate piecewise polynomial approximation of the source term g(t), constructed with the help of the truncated singular value decomposition. The second stage is a special residual‐based block Krylov subspace method. The accuracy of the method is only restricted by the accuracy of the piecewise polynomial approximation and by the error of the block Krylov process. Because both errors can, in principle, be made arbitrarily small, this yields, at some costs, a time‐exact method. Numerical experiments are presented to demonstrate efficiency of the proposed method. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Educational Leadership and Michel Foucault

1: Introducing Michel Foucault 2: Why Bring Foucault to the Study of Educational Leadership? 3: Educational Leadership as Discourse 4: Power and Educational Leadership 5: Governmentality and Educational Leadership 6: Governmentality in Practice: Governing the Self and Others 7: In a Marketized Education System Glenn Savage 8: Thinking With and Against Foucault 9: Further Resources
Impairment of plasma fibrinolysis in young survivors of myocardial infarction with silent ischaemia.

The aim of this study was to compare fibrinolytic parameters in two subgroups of young survivors of myocardial infarction: group A (n = 14) with silent myocardial ischaemia and group B (n = 15) without silent myocardial ischaemia, as assessed by 24 h Holter electrocardiogram monitoring. Only men aged 33-46 years who were in a stable condition at least 6 months after the acute event were included in the survey. All patients were normolipaemic or had only mild hyperlipidaemia, non-diabetic, normotensive, non-current smokers and with a normal body mass index. The control group consisted of 15 age-matched healthy men. Blood samples were taken at 7.30 a.m. In the group A patients, we found higher mean levels of tissue plasminogen activator (t-PA) total antigen (11.1 versus 6.9 ng/ml, P < 0.01), its inhibitor plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1) antigen (58.1 versus 34.8 ng/ml, P < 0.01), PAI-1 activity (4.9 versus 3.4 U/ml, P < 0.05) and tPA-PAI-1 complexes (5.1 versus 3.5 ng/ml, P < 0.05) as well as a lower level of t-PA activity (0.5 versus 0.8 IU/ml, P < 0.01) and free t-PA antigen (0.8 versus 1.3 ng/ml, P < 0.01) compared with the controls. However, group A patients exhibited higher PAI-1 antigen levels (58.1 versus 41.6 ng/ml, P < 0.05) than those without silent ischaemia. There were no differences between group B and controls in any of the parameters measured. Our results indicate that patients with more severe disease, as revealed by silent myocardial ischaemia, had lower levels of free t-PA as a result of the excess of PAI-1.
Combining NSAIDs with anticoagulants: yes and no.

1. OSLER W: On the need of a radical reform in our methods of teaching senior students. Med News 1903; 82: 49-53 2. LINFORs EW, NEELON FA: The case for bedside rounds. N Engl J Med 1980; 303: 1230-1233 3. MATTERN WD, WEINHOLTZ D, FRIEDMAN CP: The attending physician as teacher. N Engl J Med 1983; 308: 1129-1132 4. INui TS, CHEN MS, PECORARO RE: Demonstration of a technique for describing the content of medical attending rounds. J Med Educ 1980; 55: 63-65 5. ENGEL GL: Are medical schools neglecting clinical skills? [E]. JAMA 1976; 236: 861-863 6. WIENER S, NATHANSON M: Physical examination frequently observed errors. Ibid: 852-855 7. CORLEY JB: Evaluating Residency Training, Collamore Pr, Lexington, Mass, 1982: 3 8. OSLER W: Aequanimitas, Blakiston, Philadelphia, 1932: 31
Appropriating Scientific Discourse: Findings from Language Minority Classrooms.

We report a study of the effects of a collaborative inquiry approach to science on language minority students' (middle and high school) learning. The emphasis in this approach is on involving the students, most of whom have never studied science before and some of whom have had very little schooling of any kind, in "doing science" in ways that practicing scientists do. The question addressed in this study is, To what extent do students appropriate scientific ways of knowing and reasoning as a result of their participation in collaborative scientific inquiry? The focus of our analysis was on changes in students' conceptual knowledge and use of hypotheses, experiments, and explanations to organize their reasoning in the context of two think aloud problems. In September the students' reasoning was nonanalytic and bound to personal experience. They responded as if they were being asked to answer questions in a reading comprehension task. In contrast, by June they reasoned in terms of a larger explanatory syst.
A Hybrid Fault Tolerant Architecture for Robustness Improvement of Digital Circuits

In this paper, a novel hybrid fault tolerant architecture for digital circuits is proposed in order to enable the use of future CMOS technology nodes. This architecture targets robustness, power consumption and yield at the same time, at area costs comparable to standard fault tolerance schemes. The architecture increases circuit robustness by tolerating both transient and permanent online faults. It consumes less power than the classical Triple Modular Redundancy (TMR) approach while utilizing comparable silicon area. It overcomes many permanent faults occurring throughout manufacturing while still tolerating soft errors introduced by particle strikes. These can be done by using scalable redundancy resources, while keeping the hardened combinational logic circuits intact. The technique combines different types of redundancy: information redundancy for error detection, temporal redundancy for soft error correction and hardware redundancy for hard error tolerance. Results on largest ISCAS and ITC benchmark circuits show that our approach has an area cost negligible of about 2% to 3% with a power consumption saving of about 30% compared to TMR. Finally, it deals with aging phenomenon and thus, increases the expected lifetime of logic circuits.
A Lithium-Sensitive and Sodium-Tolerant 3′-Phosphoadenosine-5′-Phosphatase Encoded by halA from the Cyanobacterium Arthrospira platensis Is Closely Related to Its Counterparts from Yeasts and Plants

ABSTRACT 3′-Phosphoadenosine-5′-phosphatase (PAPase) is required for the removal of toxic 3′-phosphoadenosine-5′-phosphate (PAP) produced during sulfur assimilation in various eukaryotic organisms. This enzyme is a well-known target of lithium and sodium toxicity and has been used for the production of salt-resistant transgenic plants. In addition, PAPase has also been proposed as a target in the treatment of manic-depressive patients. One gene, halA, which could encode a protein closely related to the PAPases of yeasts and plants, was identified from the cyanobacterium Arthrospira (Spirulina) platensis. Phylogenic analysis indicated that proteins related to PAPases from several cyanobacteria were found in different clades, suggesting multiple origins of PAPases in cyanobacteria. The HalA polypeptide from A. platensis was overproduced in Escherichia coli and used for the characterization of its biochemical properties. HalA was dependent on Mg2+ for its activity and could use PAP or 3′-phosphoadenosine-5′-phosphosulfate as a substrate. HalA is sensitive to Li+ (50% inhibitory concentration [IC50] = 3.6 mM) but only slightly sensitive to Na+ (IC50 = 600 mM). The salt sensitivity of HalA was thus different from that of most of its eukaryotic counterparts, which are much more sensitive to both Li+ and Na+, but was comparable to the PAPase AtAHL (Hal2p-like protein) from Arabidopsis thaliana. The properties of HalA could help us to understand the structure-function relationship underlying the salt sensitivity of PAPases. The expression of halA improved the Li+ tolerance of E. coli, suggesting that the sulfur-assimilating pathway is a likely target of salt toxicity in bacteria as well.
More than just language advising: rapport in university English writing consultations and implications for tutor training

Adopting a case study approach with multiple data sources, this paper explores the ways in which rapport is built, and its impact on the learning process based on five successive writing support consultations between a native English-speaking (NES) tutor and her second language (L2) tutee in a Hong Kong university. With reference to the prepared coding categories, six strategies that realize the four key elements of rapport management were identified, namely greetings, small talk, the use of qualifiers and mitigation devices, first-person plural pronouns, praises and expressions of empathy, and open-ended questions. These strategies symbolized association, addressed face work and emotional reactions, and encouraged equity in the directive and tutor dominance writing consultations. Motivated by the harmonious relationship, the tutee gradually took a more active role in learning in different ways by asking questions, expressing an opposite view, admitting inadequate knowledge, reflecting on cognitive processes, and initiating small talk. The implicit impact was further reflected in her improved self-rating and the completion of the five consultations. Pedagogical recommendations for tutor training are made.
Hybrid control strategy for a doubly fed induction generator in medium voltage wind power system under unbalanced grid conditions

This paper investigates control algorithms for a doubly fed induction generator with a back-to-back three-level neutral-point clamped voltage source converter in medium voltage wind power system under unbalanced grid conditions. Negative sequence control algorithms to compensate for unbalanced conditions have been investigated with respect to four performance factors; fault ride-through capability, instantaneous active power pulsation, harmonic distortions and torque pulsation. The control algorithm having zero amplitude of torque ripple shows the most cost-effective performance concerning torque pulsation. The least active power pulsation is produced by control algorithm that nullifies the oscillating component of the instantaneous stator active and reactive power. Combination of these two control algorithms depending on the operating requirements and depth of grid unbalance presents most optimized performance factors under the generalized unbalanced operating conditions leading to high performance DFIG wind turbine system.
Prevalence of Bovine Viral Diarrhea Virus Genotypes and Antibody against those Viral Genotypes in Fetal Bovine Serum

One thousand lots of pooled fetal bovine serum (FBS) were tested for contamination with bovine viral diarrhea virus (BVDV) and/or for contamination with neutralizing antibody against BVDV. Noncytopathic or cytopathic BVDV was isolated from 203 lots of FBS. Analysis of the viral isolates identified 115 type 1 and 65 type 2 BVDV isolates. An additional 23 virus isolates were mixtures of >2 BVDV isolates and were not classified to viral genotype. Further characterization of the type 1 viruses identified 51 subgenotype 1a and 64 subgenotype 1b BVDV isolates. Viral neutralizing antibody was detected in 113 lots of FBS. Differential viral neutralization indicated that type 1 BVDV induced the antibody detected in 48 lots of FBS and type 2 BVDV induced the antibody detected in 16 lots of FBS.
Incretin hormones and pharmacomimetics rapidly inhibit AgRP neuron activity to suppress appetite

Analogs of the incretin hormones glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) and glucose-dependent insulinotropic peptide (GIP) have become mainstays of obesity and diabetes management. However, both the physiologic role of incretin hormones in the control of appetite and the pharmacologic mechanisms by which incretin-mimetic drugs suppress caloric intake remain incompletely understood. Hunger-promoting AgRP-expressing neurons are an important hypothalamic population that regulates food intake. Therefore, we set out to determine how incretins analogs affect their activity in vivo. Using fiber photometry, we observed that both GIP receptor (GIPR) and GLP-1 receptor (GLP-1R) agonism acutely inhibit AgRP neuron activity in fasted mice and reduce the response of AgRP neurons to food. Moreover, optogenetic stimulation of AgRP neurons partially attenuated incretin-induced feeding suppression, suggesting that AgRP neuron inhibition is necessary for the full appetite-suppressing effects of incretin-based therapeutics. Finally, we found that GIP but not GLP-1 is necessary for nutrient-mediated AgRP neuron inhibition, representing a novel physiologic role for GIP in maintaining energy balance. Taken together, these findings reveal neural mechanisms underlying the efficacy of incretin-mimetic obesity therapies. Understanding these drugs’ mechanisms of action is crucial for the development of next-generation obesity pharmacotherapies with an improved therapeutic profile.
Unique effects of apathy and depression signs on cognition and function in amnestic mild cognitive impairment

Apathy and depression are the most common neuropsychiatric features in mild cognitive impairment (MCI). These syndromes have been linked to cognitive and functional decline. This study aimed to examine their unique relationships with specific cognitive abilities and daily functioning among MCI patients with memory impairment (amnestic MCI).
An Overview of LSA-Based Systems for Supporting Learning and Teaching

We present an overview of LSA-based systems that have been used in instructional settings. Current research on this subject does not take into account the cognitive aspects of learning and teaching, and describes the systems at a technical level. We propose a cognitive-based classification of these systems that can lead to the design of novel LSA-based applications.
Mass-to-light ratio of Lyα emitters: implications of Lyα surveys at redshifts z= 5.7, 6.5, 7 and 8.8

Using a simple method to interpret the luminosity function of Lyα emitters, we explore properties of Lyα emitters from 5.7 ≤z≤ 8.8 with various assumptions about metallicity and stellar mass spectra. We constrain a mass-to-‘observed light’ ratio, Mh/Lband, where Mh refers to the total mass of the host halo and Lband refers to the observed luminosity of the source. For narrow-band surveys, Lband is simply related to the intrinsic Lyα luminosity with a survival fraction of Lyα photons, αesc. The mass-to-‘bolometric light’, Mh/Lbol, can also be deduced, once the metallicity and stellar mass spectrum are given. The inferred Mh/Lbol is more sensitive to metallicity than to the mass spectrum. We find the following constraints on a mass-to-light ratio of Lyα emitters from 5.7 ≤z≤ 7: (Mh/Lbol)(αesce1/γ)−1= 21–38, 14–26 and 9–17 for Z= 0, 1/50 and 1 Z⊙, respectively, where e is the ‘duty cycle’ of Lyα emitters and γ∼ 2 is a local slope of the cumulative luminosity function, N(>L) ∝L−γ, to which the current data are sensitive. Only weak lower limits are obtained for z= 8.8. Therefore, Lyα emitters are consistent with either starburst galaxies (Mh/Lbol∼ 0.1–1) with a smaller Lyα survival fraction, αesce1/γ∼ 0.01–0.05, or normal populations (Mh/Lbol∼ 10) if a good fraction of Lyα photons survived, αesce1/γ∼ 0.5–1. We find no evidence for the end of reionization in the luminosity functions of Lyα emitters discovered in the current Lyα surveys, including recent discovery of one Lyα emitter at z= 7. The data are consistent with no evolution of intrinsic properties of Lyα emitters or neutral fraction in the intergalactic medium up to z= 7. No detection of sources at z= 8.8 does not yield a significant constraint yet. We also show that the lack of detection at z= 8.8 does not rule out the high-z galaxies being the origin of the excess near-infrared background.
Vibrational modes and low-temperature thermal properties of graphene and carbon nanotubes: Minimal force-constant model

We present a phenomenological force-constant model developed for the description of lattice dynamics of $s{p}^{2}$ hybridized carbon networks. Within this model approach, we introduce a set of parameters to calculate the phonon dispersion of graphene by fitting the ab initio dispersion. Vibrational modes of carbon nanotubes are obtained by folding the two-dimensional (2D) dispersion of graphene and applying special corrections for the low-frequency modes. Particular attention is paid to the exact dispersion law of the acoustic modes, which determine the low-frequency thermal properties and reveal quantum size effects in carbon nanotubes. On the basis of the resulting phonon spectra, we calculate the specific heat and the thermal conductance for several achiral nanotubes of different diameters. Through the temperature dependence of the specific heat, we demonstrate that phonon spectra of carbon nanotubes show one-dimensional behavior and that the phonon sub-bands are quantized at low temperatures. Consequently, we prove the quantization of the phonon thermal conductance by means of an analysis based on the Landauer theory of heat transport.
Millimeter imaging of HD 163296: probing the disk structure and kinematics

We present new multi-wavelength millimeter interferometric observations of the Herbig Ae star HD 163296 obtained with the IRAM/PBI, SMA and VLA arrays both in continuum and in the 12 CO, 13 CO and C 18 O emission lines. Gas and dust properties have been obtained comparing the observations with self-consistent disk models for the dust and CO emission. The circumstellar disk is resolved both in the continuum and in CO. We find strong evidence that the circumstellar material is in Keplerian rotation around a central star of 2.6 $M_\odot$. The disk inclination with respect to the line of sight is 46° ± 4° with a position angle of 128° ± 4°. The slope of the dust opacity measured between 0.87 and 7 mm ( β = 1) confirms the presence of mm/cm-size grains in the disk midplane. The dust continuum emission is asymmetric and confined inside a radius of 200 AU while the CO emission extends up to 540 AU. The comparison between dust and CO temperature indicates that CO is present only in the disk interior. Finally, we obtain an increasing depletion of CO isotopomers from 12 CO to 13 CO and C 18 O. We argue that these results support the idea that the disk of HD 163296 is strongly evolved. In particular, we suggest that there is a strong depletion of dust relative to gas outside 200 AU; this may be due to the inward migration of large bodies that form in the outer disk or to clearing of a large gap in the dust distribution by a low mass companion.
In Silico Identification of Human miR 3654 and its Targets Revealed its Involvement in Prostate Cancer Progression.

BACKGROUND MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are non-coding RNAs known to control a broad range of biological functions such as cellular proliferation, differentiation and programmed cell death. Recent reports showed that miRNAs can act as oncogenes or tumor suppressors, thereby, playing an important role in cancer initiation and progression. Moreover, we know that Expressed sequence tags (ESTs) are random single pass sequence reads, which displays the condition/tissue specific transcripts (coding and non-coding) of an organism. METHODS In the present study, we have applied the bioinformatics approach to identify miRNA from prostate cancer using EST resource and its expressions were analyzed by quantitative reverse transcription PCR (qRT-PCR). RESULTS Analysis of transcriptomics resource from the LNCaP cells revealed the presence of an EST encoding hsa-miR-3654. Presence of the premature candidate of miR-3654, demonstrates its expression in LNCaP cells. We further indentified that the expression level (Fold Induction) of miR-3654 in LNCaP was higher than the normal and androgen insensitive prostate cancer cell lines (PNT1A, PC-3). CONCLUSION we have identified the miR-3654 involved in prostate cancer progression using computational approach and hypothesized that the down regulation of miR-3654 could be responsible for a solid tumor to get cancer stem-like cell phenotype. Further studies are required to investigate the molecular mechanisms behind the STAT3 mediated miR-3654 repression and the associated metastasis.