Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Immediate implant placement in fresh extraction sites in the maxillary esthetic zone: a case series with 2-years' follow-up.

OBJECTIVE The objective of the present case series with 24 months of follow-up was to document the clinicoradiographic status of IDI placed in fresh extraction sockets (FES) in the maxillary esthetic zone (MEZ). PATIENTS AND METHODS Immediate implants were placed in the FES of three adult patients. Medical history and demographics of these patients were retrieved from their respective healthcare records. All extractions were done using atraumatic techniques and performed in the MEZ. Diameter and lengths of IDI ranged between 4-4.1 mm and 14-16 mm, respectively. Osseous drilling was done at 2000 rpm and implants were inserted using an insertion torque of 45 Ncm. All implants were restored with screw-retained ceramic restorations. Follow-up clinicoradiographic investigations were done after 2-years. At follow-up, peri-implant plaque and gingival indices were measured and peri-implant probing depth was measured. Marginal bone loss was also measured. RESULTS The two-year follow-up clinical and radiographic results from all cases showed that the implant success and survival rates were 100% and 100%, respectively. There was no clinical evidence of peri-implant soft tissue inflammation in all cases. Scores of peri-implant plaque index, bleeding on probing, probing depth and crestal bone loss showed no evidence of peri-implant inflammation at 2-years' follow-up. All implants and their prostheses were clinically stable. CONCLUSIONS It is concluded that IDI can osseointegrate and remain functionally and esthetically stable when placed in FES located in the MEZ.
Recreational windsurfing-related acute injuries: a narrative review. Part 2: injury prevention and a proposal for a set of potential prevention strategies with a holistic approach.

Objective The purpose of this review was to identify existing prevention strategies for recreational windsurfing-related acute injuries and provide clinicians with a practical overview of current evidence supporting proposed potential prevention strategies. Methods A literature search was conducted through March 8, 2023, using relevant keywords with Boolean operators, such as "windsurfing" AND "injury prevention" and "windsurfing" AND "exercise interventions," from the PubMed and Google Scholar databases. Only peer-reviewed English-articles were included. Results Existing prevention strategies, right-of-way rules, a new proposed set of eight potential primary to tertiary prevention strategies for windsurfing-related acute injuries, and proposed definitions of injury prevention levels equivalent to Haddon's matrix were identified and tabled. Conclusions The proposed potential prevention strategies may facilitate clinicians in preventing recreational windsurfing-related acute injuries. Injury prevention for recreational windsurfing is under-researched. Future studies should focus on large prospective clinical trials evaluating the efficacy of prevention strategies for recreational windsurfing-related injuries.
HIVepsilon-seq—scalable characterization of intact persistent proviral HIV reservoirs in women

ABSTRACT The persistence of replication-competent HIV-1 in people living with HIV (PLWH) is a barrier to a cure for HIV. Early-phase studies of clinical interventions to deplete the intact persistent HIV-1 reservoir are ongoing. However, the ability to distinguish intact proviruses is limited by sequence variation and the predominance of defective proviruses. In this study, we developed HIVepsilon-seq (HIVε-seq), a novel assay to analyze 33 samples consisting of unfractionated peripheral blood mononuclear cells and/or resting CD4+ T cells from antiretroviral therapy (ART)-treated durably suppressed PLWH, including samples from 17 female participants. HIVε-seq combines simplified target enrichment and long-read sequencing methodology with advanced bioinformatic analysis to increase the depth, characterization, and detection of intact persistent HIV-1 provirus. HIVε-seq detected persistent sequence-intact HIV-1 proviruses in samples from both male and female participants and represents a robust, scalable assay to detect intact proviral sequences that could be applied to studies of HIV cure interventions. IMPORTANCE The lack of a reliable method to accurately detect when replication-competent HIV has been cleared is a major challenge in developing a cure. This study introduces a new approach called the HIVepsilon-seq (HIVε-seq) assay, which uses long-read sequencing technology and bioinformatics to scrutinize the HIV genome at the nucleotide level, distinguishing between defective and intact HIV. This study included 30 participants on antiretroviral therapy, including 17 women, and was able to discriminate between defective and genetically intact viruses at the single DNA strand level. The HIVε-seq assay is an improvement over previous methods, as it requires minimal sample, less specialized lab equipment, and offers a shorter turnaround time. The HIVε-seq assay offers a promising new tool for researchers to measure the intact HIV reservoir, advancing efforts towards finding a cure for this devastating disease. The lack of a reliable method to accurately detect when replication-competent HIV has been cleared is a major challenge in developing a cure. This study introduces a new approach called the HIVepsilon-seq (HIVε-seq) assay, which uses long-read sequencing technology and bioinformatics to scrutinize the HIV genome at the nucleotide level, distinguishing between defective and intact HIV. This study included 30 participants on antiretroviral therapy, including 17 women, and was able to discriminate between defective and genetically intact viruses at the single DNA strand level. The HIVε-seq assay is an improvement over previous methods, as it requires minimal sample, less specialized lab equipment, and offers a shorter turnaround time. The HIVε-seq assay offers a promising new tool for researchers to measure the intact HIV reservoir, advancing efforts towards finding a cure for this devastating disease.
Analysis of Educational Distribution in Europe: Educational Attainment and Inequality Within Regions

The aim of this paper is to visualise and describe the educational attainment and inequality distributions and to detect patterns of global and local spatial autocorrelation, using the European Community Household Panel dataset for 102 regions over the period 1995-2000. It investigates the space-time dynamics of the European educational distributions measured as education level completed and age when the highest education level was completed. This paper also highlights the importance of spatial interaction and geographical location in the human capital performance of the European regions. Without imposing any prior restrictive assumptions on distributions, the exploratory analysis shows that education is geographically autocorrelated due to knowledge and skill diffusion and to the guidelines for education systems and structures which are, as a general rule, set nationally. Thus not only geographical factors such as location, but also institutional ones matter for spatial dependence. The exploratory analysis of the European educational distribution also illustrates the systematic differences between urban and rural areas and between North and South regions. Economies within a cluster interact more with each other than with those outside. Educational attainment is higher in the North and in urban areas, while educational inequality is lower in these areas. Hence spatial dependence and spatial heterogeneity are indeed required features of the European educational analysis.
Inertial wave attractors in librating cuboids

Abstract Perturbed rapidly rotating flows are dominated by inertial oscillations, with restricted group velocity directions, due to the restorative nature of the Coriolis force. In containers with some boundaries oblique to the rotation axis, the inertial oscillations may focus upon reflections, whereby their energy increases whilst their wavelength decreases and their trajectories focus onto attractor regions. In a linear inviscid setting, these attractors are Delta-like distributions. The linear inviscid setting is obtained formally by setting both Ekman number ${E}$ (ratio of inertial to viscous time scales) and Rossby number ${Ro}$ (non-dimensional amplitude of the forcing that drives the inertial oscillations) to zero. These settings raise fundamental questions, in particular concerning the nature of energy dissipation in the vanishing Ekman number regime. Here, we consider a simple container geometry, a rectangular cuboid, in which the direction of the rotation axis is oblique to four of its walls, subject to librational forcing (small-amplitude harmonic oscillations of the rotation rate). This geometry allows for accurate and efficient direct numerical simulations of the three-dimensional incompressible Navier–Stokes equations with no-slip boundary conditions using a spectral-Galerkin spatial discretisation along with a third-order temporal discretisation. Solutions with Ekman and Rossby numbers as small as ${E}={Ro}=10^{-8}$ reveal many details of how the inertial oscillations focus, at the libration frequency considered, onto attractors, and how the focusing leads to increased localised nonlinear and dissipative processes as ${E}$ and ${Ro}$ are reduced. Even for extremely small forcing amplitudes, nonlinear effects have important dynamic consequences for the attractors.
Bacteria associated with ovine gut parasites Trichuris ovis and Haemonchus contortus

Abstract Abstract An associated microbiome of any host helps it in different metabolic processes ranging from the decomposition of food to the maturation of gametes. Organisms with a parasitic mode of life, though present at nutritious sites inside their host, maintain their own microbiome. Nevertheless, the comprehensive characterization and functionality of microbiome in parasitic organisms remain understudied. We selected two nematode parasites of Kashmir Merino sheep viz; Haemonchus contortus and Trichuris ovis based on their higher prevalence, difference in mode of nutrition, habitation site and effect on host. The objective of the study was to explore the bacteria associated with these parasitic nematodes of sheep. We adopted a 16S rRNA metagenomic sequencing approach to estimate and compare the bacterial communities present in these two nematode species. Nematode parasites from Kashmir Merino sheep were identified morphologically and confirmed with DNA characterization. H. contortus was dominated by phylum Proteobacteria (57%), Firmicutes (25%), Bacteroidota (15%) and Actinobacteriota (3%). Conversely, T. ovis showed Proteobacteria (78%) followed by Firmicutes (8%), Bacteroidota (8%), Actinobacteriota (1%), Fusobacteriota (1%) and other phyla (4%). This study provides a comprehensive account of the microbiome composition of H. contortus and T. ovis, both of which are highly prevalent among Kashmir Merino sheep. Additionally, T. ovis exhibited a greater bacterial diversity compared to H. contortus. Notably, these nematodes were found to harbor certain pathogenic bacteria. This study can further be carried forward in gaining insights into the complex relationship between the microbiota of a parasite and its pathogenicity, reproductive potential and host microbiome modification.
Factors Associated with Antidepressant Effects of Ketamine: A Reanalysis of Double-Blind Randomized Placebo-Controlled Trial of Intravenous Ketamine for Treatment-Resistant Depression

Abstract Introduction Predictors of treatment response to intravenous ketamine remain unclear in patients with treatment-resistant depression (TRD); therefore, this study aimed to clarify these predictors using the US National Institutes of Health database of clinical trials. Methods Data from a placebo-controlled, double-blind, randomized controlled trial were used to assess the efficacy of intravenous ketamine in adult patients with TRD (NCT01920555). For the analysis, data were used from the participants who had received therapeutic doses of intravenous ketamine (i. e., 0.5 and 1.0 mg/kg). Logistic and multivariable regression analyses were conducted to explore the demographic and clinical factors associated with response to treatment or changes in the Hamilton Depression Rating Scale 6 items (HAM-D-6) total score. Results This study included 31 patients with TRD (13 women; mean±standard deviation age, 48.4±10.9 years). Logistic regression analysis showed that the age of onset was positively correlated with treatment response after three days of ketamine administration (β=0.08, p=0.037); however, no association was observed between treatment response and age, sex, baseline HAM-D-6 total score, or dissociative score assessed with the Clinician-Administered Dissociative States Scale 40 min after ketamine infusion. Multiple regression analysis showed that no factors were correlated significantly with the percentage change in the HAM-D-6 total score three days after ketamine administration. Discussion Later disease onset correlates with a better treatment response three days after ketamine infusion in patients with TRD. Glutamatergic signal transmission may be impaired in patients with an earlier onset of depression, resulting in decreased neuroplasticity, which diminishes ketamine response.
Effectiveness of atosiban in women with previous single implantation failure undergoing frozen-thawed blastocyst transfer: study protocol for a randomised controlled trial

Background Uterine contractions may interfere with embryo implantation in assisted reproductive technology. To reduce these contractions and improve success rates, the oxytocin antagonist atosiban has been suggested for administration during embryo transfer. The aim of this study is to evaluate the effectiveness of atosiban in increasing live birth rates among women who have previously experienced a single implantation failure and are scheduled for single blastocyst transfer. Methods and analysis We conduct a single-centre randomised controlled study comparing atosiban and placebo in women undergoing a single blastocyst transfer with a previous failed blastocyst transfer. Women with endocrine or systemic illnesses, recurrent miscarriages, uterine malformations or fibroids, untreated hydrosalpinx, endometriosis (stage III or IV) or uterine fibroids, as well as women undergoing preimplantation genetic testing, are ineligible. The primary outcome is live birth resulting from the frozen-thawed embryo transfer. Secondary outcomes include biochemical/clinical pregnancy, miscarriage, ectopic pregnancy, multiple pregnancies as well as maternal and perinatal outcomes. We plan to recruit 1100 women (550 women per group). This will allow us to demonstrate or refute an increase in live birth rate from 40% to 50%. Data analysis will follow the intention-to-treat principle. We will measure patterns of uterine peristalsis which will allow subgroup analysis for women with or without uterine peristalsis. Ethics and dissemination This study has been approved by the Institutional Review Board of Northwest Women’s and Children’s Hospital (No. SZ2019001). Written informed consent will be obtained from each participant before randomisation. The results of the trial will be presented at scientific meetings and reported in publications. Trial registration number ChiCTR1900022333.
AtomiS: Data-Centric Synchronization Made Practical

Data-Centric Synchronization (DCS) shifts the reasoning about concurrency restrictions from control structures to data declaration. It is a high-level declarative approach that abstracts away from the actual concurrency control mechanism(s) in use. Despite its advantages, the practical use of DCS is hindered by the fact that it may require many annotations and/or multiple implementations of the same method to cope with differently qualified parameters. To overcome these limitations, in this paper we present AtomiS, a new DCS approach that requires only qualifying types of parameters and return values in interface definitions, and of fields in class definitions. The latter may also be abstracted away in type parameters, rendering class implementations virtually annotation-free. From this high level specification, a static analysis infers the atomicity constraints that are local to each method, considering valid only the method variants that are consistent with the specification, and performs code generation for all valid variants of each method. The generated code is then the target for automatic injection of concurrency control primitives that are responsible for ensuring the absence of data-races, atomicity-violations and deadlocks. We provide a Java implementation and showcase the applicability of AtomiS in real-life code. For the benchmarks analysed, AtomiS requires fewer annotations than the original number of regions requiring locks, as well as fewer annotations than Atomic Sets (a reference DCS proposal).
A Container-Usage-Pattern-Based Context Debloating Approach for Object-Sensitive Pointer Analysis

In this paper, we introduce DebloaterX, a new approach for automatically identifying context-independent objects to debloat contexts in object-sensitive pointer analysis (kobj). Object sensitivity achieves high precision, but its context construction mechanism combines objects with their contexts indiscriminately. This leads to a combinatorial explosion of contexts in large programs, resulting in inefficiency. Previous research has proposed a context-debloating approach that inhibits a pre-selected set of context-independent objects from forming new contexts, improving the efficiency of kobj. However, this earlier context-debloating approach under-approximates the set of context-independent objects identified, limiting performance speedups. We introduce a novel context-debloating pre-analysis approach that identifies objects as context-dependent only when they are potentially precision-critical to kobj based on three general container-usage patterns. Our research finds that objects containing no fields of ”abstract” (i.e., open) types can be analyzed context-insensitively with negligible precision loss in real-world applications. We provide clear rules and efficient algorithms to recognize these patterns, selecting more context-independent objects for better debloating. We have implemented DebloaterX in the Qilin framework and will release it as an open-source tool. Our experimental results on 12 standard Java benchmarks and real-world programs show that DebloaterX selects 92.4% of objects to be context-independent on average, enabling kobj to run significantly faster (an average of 19.3x when k = 2 and 150.2x when k = 3) and scale up to 8 more programs when k = 3, with only a negligible loss of precision (less than 0.2%). Compared to state-of-the-art alternative pre-analyses in accelerating kobj, DebloaterX outperforms Zipper significantly in both precision and efficiency and outperforms Conch (the earlier context-debloating approach) in efficiency substantially while achieving nearly the same precision.
A Spatially-Aware Data-Driven Approach to Automatically Geocoding Non-Gazetteer Place Names

Human and natural processes such as navigation and natural calamities are intrinsically linked to the geographic space and described using place names. Extraction and subsequent geocoding of place names from text are critical for understanding the onset, progression, and end of these processes. Geocoding place names extracted from text requires using an external knowledge base such as a gazetteer. However, a standard gazetteer is typically incomplete. Additionally, widely used place name geocoding—also known as toponym resolution—approaches generally focus on geocoding ambiguous but known gazetteer place names. Hence there is a need for an approach to automatically geocode non-gazetteer place names. In this research, we demonstrate that patterns in place names are not spatially random. Places are often named based on people, geography, and history of the area and thus exhibit a degree of similarity. Similarly, places that co-occur in text are likely to be spatially proximate as they provide geographic reference to common events. We propose a novel data-driven spatially-aware algorithm, Bhugol, that leverages the spatial patterns and the spatial context of place names to automatically geocode the non-gazetteer place names. The efficacy of Bhugol is demonstrated using two diverse geographic areas – USA and India. The results show that Bhugol outperforms well-known state-of-the-art geocoders.
Comprehending queries over finite maps

Recent programming languages research has developed language-integrated query, a convenient technique to seamlessly embed a domain-specific database query language into a general-purpose host programming language; such queries are then automatically converted to the language understood by the target DBMS (e.g. SQL) while at the same time taking advantage of the host language’s type-checker to prevent failure at run-time. The embedded query language is often equipped with a rewrite system which normalizes queries to a form that can be directly translated to the DBMS query language. However, the theoretical foundations of such rewrite systems have not been explored to their full extent, particularly when constructs like grouping and aggregation, which are ubiquitous in real-world database queries, are involved. In this work, we propose an extension of the nested relational calculus with grouping and aggregation which can provide such foundations. Along with strong normalization and translatability to SQL we show that, remarkably, this extension can also blend with shredding techniques proposed in the literature to allow queries with a nested relational type to be executed on the DBMS.
A Cocktail Approach to Practical Call Graph Construction

After decades of research, constructing call graphs for modern C-based software remains either imprecise or inefficient when scaling up to the ever-growing complexity. The main culprit is the difficulty of resolving function pointers, as precise pointer analyses are cubic in nature and become exponential when considering calling contexts. This paper takes a practical stance by first conducting a comprehensive empirical study of function pointer manipulations in the wild. By investigating 5355 indirect calls in five popular open-source systems, we conclude that, instead of the past uniform treatments for function pointers, a cocktail approach can be more effective in “squeezing” the number of difficult pointers to a minimum using a potpourri of cheap methods. In particular, we decompose the costs of constructing highly precise call graphs of big code by tailoring several increasingly precise algorithms and synergizing them into a concerted workflow. As a result, many indirect calls can be precisely resolved in an efficient and principled fashion, thereby reducing the final, expensive refinements. This is, in spirit, similar to the well-known cocktail medical therapy. The results are encouraging — our implemented prototype called Coral can achieve similar precision versus the previous field-, flow-, and context-sensitive Andersen-style call graph construction, yet scale up to millions of lines of code for the first time, to the best of our knowledge. Moreover, by evaluating the produced call graphs through the lens of downstream clients (i.e., use-after-free detection, thin slicing, and directed grey-box fuzzing), the results show that Coral can dramatically improve their effectiveness for better vulnerability hunting, understanding, and reproduction. More excitingly, we found twelve confirmed bugs (six impacted by indirect calls) in popular systems (e.g., MariaDB), spreading across multiple historical versions.