Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Geometric and unipotent crystals II: From unipotent bicrystals to crystal bases

For each reductive algebraic group G we introduce and study unipotent bicrystals which serve as a regular version of birational geometric and unipotent crystals introduced earlier by the authors. The framework of unipotent bicrystals allows, on the one hand, to study systematically such varieties as Bruhat cells in G and their convolution products and, on the other hand, to give a new construction of many normal Kashiwara crystals including those for G^\vee-modules, where G^\vee is the Langlands dual groups. In fact, our analogues of crystal bases (which we refer to as crystals associated to G^\vee-modules) are associated to G^\vee-modules directly, i.e., without quantum deformations. One of the main results of the present paper is an explicit construction of the crystal B_0 for the coordinate ring of the (Langlands dual) flag variety based on the positive unipotent bicrystal on the open Bruhat cell. Our general tropicalization procedure assigns to each strongly positive unipotent bicrystal a normal Kashiwara crystal B equipped with the multiplicity erasing homomorphism B--> B_0 and the combinatorial central charge B--> Z which is invariant under all crystal operators.
Sibling constellation, creativity, IQ, and academic achievement.

Sibling constellation factors were related to measures of creativity (Minnesota Tests of Creative Thinking), IQ, reading, arithmetic, and language achievement in a sixth-grade population using analysis of variance. In the first portion of the study, family size was found to be unrelated to ability and achievement (N = 140). The main portion of the study investigated birth order, sex, sex of sibling, and age difference in the 2-child family (N = 80), and found that verbal creative abilities, reading, and arithmetic achievement were enhanced for Ss with siblings of like sex close in age. In the final portion of the study, birth order was found to be unrelated to ability and achievement in 3- and 4-child families (N = 144), and sibling sex was found to be important in the 3-child family where Ss with 2 brothers had poorer IQ and reading scores than Ss with at least one sister (N = 96). Students of child development have long been interested in the implications which a child's position among his siblings has for his subsequent intellectual and personality development. It is the purpose of this paper to explore the relations which may exist between measures of cognitive development such as IQ, creative abilities, and academic achievement, and children's sibling constellations as represented by family size, birth order, sibling sex, and age difference between siblings.
Human EZF, a Krüppel-like Zinc Finger Protein, Is Expressed in Vascular Endothelial Cells and Contains Transcriptional Activation and Repression Domains*

Members of the erythroid Krüppel-like factor (EKLF) multigene family contain three C-terminal zinc fingers, and they are typically expressed in a limited number of tissues. EKLF, the founding member, transactivates the β-globin promoter by binding to the CACCC motif. EKLF is essential for expression of the β-globin gene as demonstrated by gene deletion experiments in mice. Using a DNA probe from the zinc finger region of EKLF, we cloned a cDNA encoding a member of this family from a human vascular endothelial cell cDNA library. Sequence analysis indicated that our clone, hEZF, is the human homologue of the recently reported mouse EZF and GKLF. hEZF is a single-copy gene that maps to chromosome 9q31. By gel mobility shift analysis, purified recombinant hEZF protein bound specifically to a probe containing the CACCC core sequence. In co-transfection experiments, we found that sense but not antisense hEZF decreased the activity of a reporter plasmid containing the CACCC sequence upstream of the thymidine kinase promoter by 6-fold. In contrast, EKLF increased the activity of the reporter plasmid by 3-fold. By fusing hEZF to the DNA-binding domain of GAL4, we mapped a repression domain in hEZF to amino acids 181–388. We also found that amino acids 91–117 of hEZF confer an activation function on the GAL4 DNA-binding domain.
Cerebellar Cortex Lesions Prevent Acquisition of Conditioned Eyelid Responses

We have used aspiration and electrolytic lesions to investigate the contributions of cerebellar cortex to the acquisition and expression of conditioned eyelid responses. We show that lesions of the anterior lobe of rabbit cerebellar cortex disrupt the timing of previously learned conditioned eyelid responses. These short-latency responses were used as an indication that the cerebellar cortex was sufficiently damaged and that the underlying pathways necessary for the expression of responses were sufficiently intact to support responses. Rabbits were subsequently trained for 15 daily sessions using a new conditioned stimulus. Whereas rabbits in which lesions had no significant effect on response timing showed rapid acquisition of appropriately timed eyelid responses to the new conditioned stimulus, animals with lesions that disrupt timing showed no significant increases in either amplitude or probability of responses. Histological analysis suggests that damage to the anterior lobe of the cerebellar cortex is necessary and sufficient to abolish timing and prevent acquisition. These data indicate that the cerebellar cortex is necessary for the acquisition of conditioned eyelid responses and are consistent with the hypotheses that (1) eyelid conditioning results in plasticity in both the anterior lobe of the cerebellar cortex and in the anterior interpositus nucleus and (2) induction of plasticity in the interpositus requires intact input from the cerebellar cortex.
Sudden Cardiac Death: Exploring the Limits of Our Knowledge

Sudden Cardiac Death. Despite progress in epidemiology, clinical profiling, and interventions, sudden cardiac death remains a major clinical and public health problem. There remain important unresolved issues that are challenges for future progress. Among these are a better understanding of the magnitude of the problem and methods of profiling risk for individuals, the etiology and mechanisms of cardiac arrest in individuals with and without previously identified structural heart disease, clinical strategies for primary and secondary prevention of sudden cardiac death, and further development of community programs for improving cardiac arrest survival in the out‐ofhospital environment. Each of these areas of endeavor and potential progress are reviewed and discussed.
Approximative terrain guarding with given number of guards

Guarding a surface is a well known optimization problem of the visibility site analysis and has many applications. The basic problem is searching for the minimum number of guards needed to guard (see) the entire surface. More realistic is the guarding where the number of guards is upward limited and the optimization problem is to search for their locations in order to guard as much surface as possible. In the paper this problem is treated in detail. Several known heuristics (greedy add, greedy add with swap and stingy drop) are revised and a new technique called solution improving technique is proposed. The technique improves the results of the known algorithms and is used in indirect solving of the problem. Tests on 44 DEMs from USGS DEM Repository showed that our technique yields comparative results for smaller number of guards and better results for higher number of guards.
Changing Epidemiology of Clostridium difficile-Associated Disease in Children

Objective. To determine temporal trends in the incidence rate for Clostridium difficile-associated disease (CDAD) in a pediatric patient population. Methods. We performed an observational, retrospective cohort study that included children who visited or were admitted to Children's National Medical Center during the period from July 2001 through June 2006. The CDAD incidence rates were determined and examined for changes over time using the Poisson regression method. Results. A total of 513 patients whose stool specimens tested positive for C. difficile toxin were identified. Of these patients, 61% were children aged 2 years or older. The proportion of patients with CDAD in this age group has steadily increased from 46% in 2001 to 64% in 2006. Largely as a result of an increasing number of cases of community-associated CDAD, the incidence of CDAD increased significantly in the outpatient setting, particularly in the emergency department (1.18 cases per 1,000 visits in 2001 vs 2.47 cases per 1,000 visits in 2006; P = .02). The incidence among inpatients decreased during the study period (1.024 cases per 1,000 patient-days in 2001 vs 0.680 cases per 1,000 patient-days in 2006; P = .004). In the neonatal intensive care unit, C. difficile toxin was detected in stool specimens collected from 22 patients aged from 15 days to 6 months. Conclusion. This study revealed a steady increase in the number of patients seen in the emergency department with community-acquired CDAD. Findings from this study suggest that the characteristics of CDAD in children—a population that has not been considered to be at high risk for this disease in the past—are changing. Further investigations are warranted to explore deviations from the established burdens of the disease and patient risk factors.
Rho Kinase's Role in Myosin Recruitment to the Equatorial Cortex of Mitotic Drosophila S2 Cells Is for Myosin Regulatory Light Chain Phosphorylation

Background Myosin II recruitment to the equatorial cortex is one of the earliest events in establishment of the cytokinetic contractile ring. In Drosophila S2 cells, we previously showed that myosin II is recruited to the furrow independently of F-actin, and that Rho1 and Rok are essential for this recruitment [1]. Rok phosphorylates several cellular proteins, including the myosin regulatory light chain (RLC). Methodology/Principal Findings Here we express phosphorylation state mimic constructs of the RLC in S2 cells to examine the role of RLC phosphorylation involving Rok in the localization of myosin. Phosphorylation of the RLC is required for myosin localization to the equatorial cortex during mitosis, and the essential role of Rok in this localization and for cytokinesis is to maintain phosphorylation of the RLC. The ability to regulate the RLC phosphorylation state spatio-temporally is not essential for the myosin localization. Furthermore, the essential role of Citron in cytokinesis is not phosphorylation of the RLC. Conclusions/Significance We conclude that the Rho1 pathway leading to myosin localization to the future cytokinetic furrow is relatively straightforward, where only Rok is needed, and it is only needed to maintain phosphorylation of the myosin RLC.
Protein and lipid composition analysis of oil bodies from two Brassica napus cultivars

Oil bodies were purified from mature seed of two Brassica napus crop cultivars, Reston and Westar. Purified oil body proteins were subjected to both 2‐DE followed by LC‐MS/MS and multidimensional protein identification technology. Besides previously known oil body proteins oleosin, putative embryo specific protein ATS1, (similar to caleosin), and 11‐beta‐hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase‐like protein (steroleosin), several new proteins were identified in this study. One of the identified proteins, a short chain dehydrogenase/reductase, is similar to a triacylglycerol‐associated factor from narrow‐leafed lupin while the other, a protein annotated as a myrosinase associated protein, shows high similarity to the lipase/hydrolase family of enzymes with GDSL‐motifs. These similarities suggest these two proteins could be involved in oil body degradation. Detailed analysis of the two other oil body components, polar lipids (lipid monolayer) and neutral lipids (triacylglycerol matrix) was also performed. Major differences were observed in the fatty acid composition of polar lipid fractions between the two B. napus cultivars. Neutral lipid composition confirmed erucic acid and oleic acid accumulation in Reston and Westar seed oil, respectively.
Supertags as Source Language Context in Hierarchical Phrase-Based SMT

Statistical machine translation (SMT) models have recently begun to include source context modeling, under the assumption that the proper lexical choice of the translation for an ambiguous word can be determined from the context in which it appears. Various types of lexical and syntactic features have been explored as effective source context to improve phrase selection in SMT. In the present work, we introduce lexico-syntactic descriptions in the form of supertags as source-side context features in the state-of-the-art hierarchical phrase-based SMT (HPB) model. These features enable us to exploit source similarity in addition to target similarity, as modelled by the language model. In our experiments two kinds of supertags are employed: those from lexicalized tree-adjoining grammar (LTAG) and combinatory categorial grammar (CCG). We use a memory-based classification framework that enables the efficient estimation of these features. Despite the differences between the two supertagging approaches, they give similar improvements. We evaluate the performance of our approach on an English-to-Dutch translation task, and report statistically significant improvements of 4.48% and 6.3% BLEU scores in translation quality when adding CCG and LTAG supertags, respectively, as context-informed features.
Prevalence and sex difference of lumbar disc space narrowing in elderly chinese men and women: osteoporotic fractures in men (Hong Kong) and osteoporotic fractures in women (Hong Kong) studies.

OBJECTIVE Osteoporotic Fractures in Men (Hong Kong) and Osteoporotic Fractures in Women (Hong Kong) represent the first large-scale prospective population-based studies on bone health in elderly (age≥65 years) Chinese men (n=2,000) and women (n=2,000). We undertook the current study to investigate the prevalence of lumbar disc space narrowing in these subjects, and to identify the potential relationship between disc space narrowing and sex, bone mineral density (BMD), and other demographic and clinical data. METHODS On lumbar lateral radiographs, L1/L2-L4/L5 disc space was classified into 4 categories: 0=normal; 1=mild narrowing; 2=moderate narrowing; 3=severe narrowing. We compared demographic and clinical data between subjects with and those without total disc space narrowing scores≥3. RESULTS Disc space narrowing was more common in elderly women than in elderly men. The mean±SD disc space narrowing score for the 4 discs was 2.71±2.21 for men and 3.08±2.50 for women (P<0.0001). For the 3 age groups of 65-69 years, 70-79 years, and ≥80 years, the average disc space narrowing score increased with increasing age in both men and women, and to a greater degree in women than in men. The average disc space narrowing score differences between women and men were 0.12, 0.40, and 0.90, respectively, in the 3 age groups. For both men and women, a disc space narrowing score≥3 was associated with older age, higher spine and hip BMD, low back pain, and restricted leg mobility. CONCLUSION The prevalence and severity of disc space narrowing are higher in elderly women than in elderly men. With increasing age, disc space narrowing progresses at a greater rate in women than in men. A disc space narrowing score≥3 is associated with higher spine and hip BMD.
The RNA binding protein La influences both the accuracy and the efficiency of RNA polymerase III transcription in vitro.

The autoantigen La binds the U‐rich 3′ ends of all nascent RNA polymerase III transcripts. Here, we demonstrate that this abundant nuclear phosphoprotein not only binds these RNAs but appears to be required for their synthesis. HeLa cell extracts immunochemically depleted of La by either patient or mouse monoclonal antibodies lose greater than 99% of their transcription activity on class III genes. The few transcripts synthesized in the absence of La have fewer uridylate residues at their 3′ ends than those made in its presence. Reconstitution of La‐depleted extracts with biochemically purified HeLa La protein stimulates transcription levels and completely restores transcript length. A model coupling transcription levels to the action of La at the RNA polymerase III termination signal is presented.
Utility of amino-terminal pro-brain natriuretic peptide testing for prediction of 1-year mortality in patients with dyspnea treated in the emergency department.

BACKGROUND Amino-terminal pro-brain natriuretic peptide (NT-proBNP) is useful for diagnosis and triage of patients with dyspnea, but its role for predicting outcomes in such patients remains undefined. METHODS A total of 599 breathless patients treated in the emergency department were prospectively enrolled, and a sample of blood was obtained for NT-proBNP measurements. After 1 year, the vital status of each patient was ascertained, and the association between NT-proBNP values at presentation and mortality was assessed. RESULTS At 1 year, 91 patients (15.2%) had died. Median NT-proBNP concentrations at presentation among decedents were significantly higher than those of survivors (3277 vs 299 pg/mL; P<.001). The optimal NT-proBNP cut point for predicting 1-year mortality was 986 pg/mL. In a multivariable model, an NT-proBNP concentration greater than 986 pg/mL at presentation was the single strongest predictor of death at 1 year (hazard ratio [HR], 2.88; 95% confidence interval, 1.64-5.06; P<.001), independent of a diagnosis of heart failure. Other factors associated with death included age (by decade; HR, 1.20), heart rate (by decile; HR, 1.13), urea nitrogen level (by decile; HR, 1.20), systolic blood pressure less than 100 mm Hg (HR, 1.94), heart murmur (HR, 1.92), and New York Heart Association classification (HR, 1.38 for each increase in class). The NT-proBNP concentration alone had an area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC) of 0.76 for predicting mortality; the other significant covariates combined had an AUC of 0.80. The final model for predicting death, combining NT-proBNP with other covariates associated with mortality, had a superior AUC of 0.82. CONCLUSION In addition to assisting in emergency department diagnosis and triage, NT-proBNP concentrations at presentation are strongly predictive of 1-year mortality in dyspneic patients.
Alleviating Negative Spillover of a Brand-Harm Crisis: Sensegiving vs. Sensehiding in a Competitor’s Denial Response Strategy

A brand-harm crisis not only affects the scandalized brand, but may also influence competing brands. Thus, marketers of competing brands need to develop response strategies for reducing negative spillover effects. This research takes a competitor’s perspective and introduces two types of response strategies used to convey a sense of denial: sensegiving and sensehiding. It also investigates how the effects of response strategies are contingent upon brand relatedness and individual thinking styles. The results from three experimental studies show that using a sensegiving strategy reduces negative spillover effects more than using a sensehiding strategy. Additionally, the studies suggest that the observed difference in the effects of response strategy tends to be greater when the level of brand relatedness is high than when it is low. However, individual thinking styles (holistic vs. analytic) seem to have little impact on consumers’ responses to the two denial strategies. This research contributes to the brand-harm crisis literature and provides novel insights into a competitor’s response to potential negative spillover effects.
Corrective Policy and Goodhart&Apos;S Law: The Case of Carbon Emissions from Automobiles

Firms sometimes comply with externality-correcting policies by gaming the measure that determines policy. We show theoretically that such gaming can benefit consumers, even when it induces them to make mistakes, because gaming leads to lower prices by reducing costs. We use our insights to quantify the welfare effect of gaming in fuel-consumption ratings for automobiles, which we show increased sharply following aggressive policy reforms. We estimate a structural model of the car market and derive empirical analogs of the price effects and choice distortions identified by theory. We find that price effects outweigh distortions; on net, consumers benefit from gaming.
One-loop quantum gravity in Schwarzschild space-time.

The quantum theory of linearized perturbations of the gravitational field of a Schwarzschild black hole is presented. The fundamental operators are seen to be the perturbed Weyl scalars $\dot\Psi_0$ and $\dot\Psi_4$ associated with the Newman-Penrose description of the classical theory. Formulae are obtained for the expectation values of the modulus squared of these operators in the Boulware, Unruh and Hartle-Hawking quantum states. Differences between the renormalized expectation values of both $\bigl| \dot\Psi_0 \bigr|^2$ and $\bigl| \dot\Psi_4 \bigr|^2$ in the three quantum states are evaluated numerically.
The job-search grind: perceived progress, self-reactions, and self-regulation of search effort

Guided by theory and research on self-regulation and goal pursuit, we offer a framework for studying the dynamics of unemployed individuals’ job search. A daily survey over three weeks demonstrated vacillation in job seeker affect and, to a lesser extent, “reemployment efficacy. ” Daily perceived job search progress was related to this vacillation. Lower perceived progress on any given day was related to more effort the following day. The study provides insights into the daily dynamics of job search and elucidates the roles of search progress, affect, and three key moderators—financial hardship, employment commitment, and “action-state orientation”—in explaining these dynamics.
The Influence of Social Media on Political Participation: Explicating the Social Media Effect Mechanism with Normative, Cognitive, Attitudinal Mediators

본 연구는 대학생들의 소셜 미디어 이용이 정치 참여에 영향을 미치는 과정(효과 메커니즘)을 소셜미디어 이용의 규범적(‘친구들’의 정치 관여도 지각), 인지적(정치 지식, 주관적 정보 획득감), 태도적(정치관심도, 정치 효능감) 결과물들을 중심으로 설명하였다. 특히 본 연구는 소셜 미디어를 통하여 지각되는 ‘친구들’의 정치 관여도가 또래 집단 규범에 민감한 대학생들에게 참여 행위를 이끌어낼 수 있는 중요한 동인으로 보았다. 전국 대학생들을 대상으로 수행된 설문 조사 데이터를 바탕으로 한 구조 방정식 모델(structural equation modeling) 검증 결과, 소셜 미디어 이용이 증가할수록, 그리고 소셜 미디어 ‘친구’ 수가 많을수록 응답자들은 자신이 정치? 사회적 정보를 많이 얻고 있다고 인식하였을 뿐만 아니라 (정보 획득감) 실제로 정치 지식이 증가하였으며, ‘친구들’의 정치 관여도를 높게 인지하는 경향을 보였다. 이러한 소셜 미디어의 인지적 효과는 정치적 관심도와 효능감을 높여 종국에 정치 참여를 촉진시키는 것으로 나타났다. 본 연구 결과는 다른 연령층에 비해 정치적 관심이 저조한 대학생들에게 소셜 미디어가 정치? 사회적 정보를 제공하고 ‘친구들’의 정치적 관여도가 높다는 집단 규범을 지각하게 하는데 중요한 채널로서 기능하여 참여적 태도와 행동을 고취시키는 실질적 효과를 가지고 있음을 보여주는 의미가 있다고 하겠다.