Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Granites et leucogranites péralumineux du Brezouard et du Bilstein (Vosges moyennes) : caractères pétrographiques, géochimiques et minéralogiques

L'etude des leucogranites peralumineux des Massifs de Brezouard et de Bilstein (Vosges moyennes) a pour objectif une cartographie detaillee, une caracterisation petrographique, mineralogique et geochimique des differents facies (leucogranite A 2 micas, leucogranite a cordierite, filon microgranitique, rhyolite a cordierite) et de definir les modalites d'evolution ainsi que leurs relations spatiales et genetiques. Pour le massif de Brezouard, une mise en place biphasee avec une deformation peripherique en partie subsynchrone obliteree ulterieurement par une autre cataclastique de basse temperature est mise en evidence. Le massif de Bilstein correspond a une structure independante et aurait subi une orthogneissification en relation avec le fonctionnement ductile d'une zone de cisaillement destre
Injury in aged animals robustly activates quiescent olfactory neural stem cells

While the capacity of the olfactory epithelium (OE) to generate sensory neurons continues into middle age in mice, it is presumed that this regenerative potential is present throughout all developmental stages. However, little experimental evidence exists to support the idea that this regenerative capacity remains in late adulthood, and questions about the functionality of neurons born at these late stages remain unanswered. Here, we extend our previous work in the VNO to investigate basal rates of proliferation in the OE, as well as after olfactory bulbectomy (OBX), a commonly used surgical lesion. In addition, we show that the neural stem cell retains its capacity to generate mature olfactory sensory neurons in aged animals. Finally, we demonstrate that regardless of age, a stem cell in the OE, the horizontal basal cell (HBC), exhibits a morphological switch from a flattened, quiescent phenotype to a pyramidal, proliferative phenotype following chemical lesion in aged animals. These findings provide new insights into determining whether an HBC is active or quiescent based on a structural feature as opposed to a biochemical one. More importantly, it suggests that neural stem cells in aged mice are responsive to the same signals triggering proliferation as those observed in young mice.
Suzaku Reveals Helium-burning Products in the X-Ray-emitting Planetary Nebula BD +30 3639

BD +30 3639, the brightest planetary nebula at X-ray energies, was observed with Suzaku, an X-ray observatory launched on 2005 July 10. Using the X-ray Imaging Spectrometer, the K lines from C VI, O VII, and O VIII were resolved for the first time, and the C/O, N/O, and Ne/O abundance ratios were determined. The C/O and Ne/O abundance ratios exceed the solar value by factors of at least 30 and 5, respectively. These results indicate that the X-rays are emitted mainly by helium-shell-burning products.
HIV-1 escape from the entry-inhibiting effects of a cholesterol-binding compound via cleavage of gp41 by the viral protease

HIV-1 virions are highly enriched in cholesterol relative to the cellular plasma membrane. We recently reported that a cholesterol-binding compound, amphotericin B methyl ester (AME), blocks HIV-1 entry and that single amino acid substitutions in the cytoplasmic tail of the transmembrane envelope glycoprotein gp41 confer resistance to AME. In this study, we defined the mechanism of resistance to AME. We observed that the gp41 in AME-resistant virions is substantially smaller than wild-type gp41. Remarkably, we found that this shift in gp41 size is due to cleavage of the gp41 cytoplasmic tail by the viral protease. We mapped the protease-mediated cleavage to two sites in the cytoplasmic tail and showed that gp41 truncations in this region also confer AME resistance. Thus, to escape the inhibitory effects of AME, HIV-1 evolved a mechanism of protease-mediated envelope glycoprotein cleavage used by several other retroviruses to activate envelope glycoprotein fusogenicity. In contrast to the mechanism of AME resistance observed for HIV-1, we demonstrate that simian immunodeficiency virus can escape from AME via the introduction of premature termination codons in the gp41 cytoplasmic tail coding region. These findings demonstrate that in human T cell lines, HIV-1 and simian immunodeficiency virus can evolve distinct strategies for evading AME, reflecting their differential requirements for the gp41 cytoplasmic tail in virus replication. These data reveal that HIV-1 can escape from an inhibitor of viral entry by acquiring mutations that cause the cytoplasmic tail of gp41 to be cleaved by the viral protease.
The Ross Sea region marine protected area: can it be successfully managed?

At the thirty-fifth meeting of the commission for the Conservation of Antarctic Marine Living Resources (CCAMLR) in Hobart, Australia, in 2006, the members adopted the Ross Sea region marine protection area (MPA)1 for a period of thirty-five years commencing 1 December 2017.2 This signaled the end of one era in CCAMLR conservation of Southern Ocean marine living resources and regulation over access, and the beginning of another-cementing its application of the concept of conservation by advancing the world's largest MPA.
Hypoxia Increases Gefitinib-Resistant Lung Cancer Stem Cells through the Activation of Insulin-Like Growth Factor 1 Receptor

Accumulating evidence indicates that a small population of cancer stem cells (CSCs) is involved in intrinsic resistance to cancer treatment. The hypoxic microenvironment is an important stem cell niche that promotes the persistence of CSCs in tumors. Our aim here was to elucidate the role of hypoxia and CSCs in the resistance to gefitinib in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) with activating epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) mutation. NSCLC cell lines, PC9 and HCC827, which express the EGFR exon 19 deletion mutations, were exposed to high concentration of gefitinib under normoxic or hypoxic conditions. Seven days after gefitinib exposure, a small fraction of viable cells were detected, and these were referred to as “gefitinib-resistant persisters” (GRPs). CD133, Oct4, Sox2, Nanog, CXCR4, and ALDH1A1–all genes involved in stemness–were highly expressed in GRPs in PC9 and HCC827 cells, and PC9 GRPs exhibited a high potential for tumorigenicity in vivo. The expression of insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF1) was also upregulated and IGF1 receptor (IGF1R) was activated on GRPs. Importantly, hypoxic exposure significantly increased sphere formation, reflecting the self-renewal capability, and the population of CD133- and Oct4-positive GRPs. Additionally, hypoxia upregulated IGF1 expression through hypoxia-inducible factor 1α (HIF1α), and markedly promoted the activation of IGF1R on GRPs. Knockdown of IGF1 expression significantly reduced phosphorylated IGF1R-expressing GRPs under hypoxic conditions. Finally, inhibition of HIF1α or IGF1R by specific inhibitors significantly decreased the population of CD133- and Oct4-positive GRPs, which were increased by hypoxia in PC9 and HCC827 cells. Collectively, these findings suggest that hypoxia increased the population of lung CSCs resistant to gefitinib in EGFR mutation-positive NSCLC by activating IGF1R. Targeting the IGF1R pathway may be a promising strategy for overcoming gefitinib resistance in EGFR mutation-positive NSCLC induced by lung CSCs and microenvironment factors such as tumor hypoxia.
CONTENT BASED LECTURE VIDEO RETRIEVAL SYSTEM

Video is becoming a prevalent medium for e-learning. Lecture videos contain text information in both the visual and aural channels: the presentation slides and lecturer's speech. To extract the visual information, we apply video content analysis to detect slides and optical character recognition to obtain their text. Automatic speech recognition is used similarly to extract spoken text from the recorded audio. We perform controlled experiments with manually created ground truth for both the slide and spoken text from more than 60 hours of lecture video. We compare the automatically extracted slide and spoken text in terms of accuracy relative to ground truth, overlap with one another, and utility for video retrieval. Results reveal that automatically recovered slide text and spoken text contain different content with varying error profiles. Experiments demonstrate that automatically extracted slide text enables higher precision video retrieval than automatically recovered spoken text. In the last decade e-lecturing has become more and more popular. The amount of lecture video data on the World Wide Web (WWW) is growing rapidly. Therefore, a more efficient method for video retrieval in WWW or within large lecture video archives is urgently needed. This paper presents an approach for automated video indexing and video search in large lecture video archives. First of all, we apply automatic video segmentation and key-frame detection to over a visual guideline for the video content navigation. Subsequently, we extract textual metadata by applying video Optical Character Recognition (OCR) technology on key-frames and Automatic Speech Recognition (ASR) on lecture audio tracks. The OCR and ASR transcript as well as detected slide text line types are adopted for keyword extraction, by which both video and segment-level keywords are extracted for content-based video browsing and search. The performance and the effectiveness of proposed indexing functionalities is proven by evaluation. Keywords- Lecture videos, automatic video indexing, content-based video search, lecture video archives
Emotion dialogues of foster caregivers with their children: the role of the caregivers, above and beyond child characteristics, in shaping the interactions

The study examined foster caregivers’ sensitive guidance of conversations about emotional themes in a sample of foster caregivers living in Family Group Homes. Thirty caregivers were observed with two out of the several children under their care: one that was nominated by the Family Group Home's social worker as the most challenging child in the Family Group Home, and one that was nominated as the least challenging child. Based on attachment theory that argues that mothers possess a central role in shaping the interaction with the child by adapting their caregiving to the child's individual characteristics (Bowlby, 1982), we argued that caregivers' sensitivity will reflect the differences between the caregivers and not the differences between the children. We therefore hypothesized that the caregivers would show similar levels of sensitive guidance regarding their children, irrespective of the level of difficulty the children presented. The results supported our hypotheses by showing that caregivers’ sensitive guidance of the conversations was similar across the most and least challenging children. The results highlight the importance of the caregiver in shaping the interactions with their children regardless of the degree to which the child is challenging.
Operon Prediction in Microbial Genomes Using Decision Tree Approach

Identifying operons at the whole genome scale of microbial organisms can facilitate deciphering of transcriptional regulation, biological networks and pathways. A number of computational methods, such as naive Bayesian and neural network approaches, have been employed for operon prediction to whole genome sequences of a number of prokaryotic organisms, based on features known to be associated with operons, such as intergenic distance, microarray expression data, phylogenetic profiles, clusters of orthologous groups (COG). In this paper, we introduce a decision tree approach to predict operon structures using three effective types of genomic data: intergenic distance, gene order conservation and COG. We calculated and analyzed frequency distributions of each attribute of known operons and non-operons of Escherichia coli (E. coli) K12 and Bacillus subtilis (R subtilis) 168, and constructed decision trees based on training examples to predict operons. The overall prediction accuracy is 94.1% for E. coli K12 and 91.0% for B. subtilis 168. We also applied four other classifiers, logistic regression, naive Bayesian, neural network and support vector machines on both organisms. The results indicate that the decision tree approach is the best classifier for operon prediction. The software package operonDT is freely available at http://www.cs. uga.edn/~che/OperonT
Application and Manufacturing of Microfluidic Devices: Review

Micro fluidic devices are gaining increasingly popularity owing to their many advantages. Microfluidics varies in terms of forces operating from other domains as well as from macro-scale fluidic devices. Effects which can be omitted on a macro scale are dominant when fluid dynamic faces the issue of scale. With the recent achievement in the biotechnology, microfluidic devices promise to be a big commercial success. To have a better understanding of the various types of microfluidic devices, their application areas, basic design and manufacturing issues, a brief review is carried out and reported in this paper. Few devices and their applications are discussed.
The Midline Thalamus: Alterations and a Potential Role in Limbic Epilepsy

Summary: Purpose: In limbic or mesial temporal lobe epilepsy, much attention has been given to specific regions or cell populations (e.g., the hippocampus or dentate granule cells). Epileptic seizures may involve broader changes in neural circuits, and evidence suggests that subcortical regions may play a role. In this study we examined the midline thalamic regions for involvement in limbic seizures, changes in anatomy and physiology, and the potential role for this region in limbic seizures and epilepsy
The RNAseIII enzyme Drosha is critical in T cells for preventing lethal inflammatory disease

MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are implicated in the differentiation and function of many cell types. We provide genetic and in vivo evidence that the two RNaseIII enzymes, Drosha and Dicer, do indeed function in the same pathway. These have previously been shown to mediate the stepwise maturation of miRNAs (Lee, Y., C. Ahn, J. Han, H. Choi, J. Kim, J. Yim, J. Lee, P. Provost, O. Radmark, S. Kim, and V.N. Kim. 2003. Nature. 425:415–419), and genetic ablation of either within the T cell compartment, or specifically within Foxp3+ regulatory T (T reg) cells, results in identical phenotypes. We found that miRNA biogenesis is indispensable for the function of T reg cells. Specific deletion of either Drosha or Dicer phenocopies mice lacking a functional Foxp3 gene or Foxp3+ cells, whereas deletion throughout the T cell compartment also results in spontaneous inflammatory disease, but later in life. Thus, miRNA-dependent regulation is critical for preventing spontaneous inflammation and autoimmunity.
Securely disseminating RFID events

More and more companies are collecting data about each item of their supply chain using RFID tags in order to increase visibility across the supply chain and improve its performance. The data generated by reading an RFID tag is (also) called an event. These events are frequently distributed using event-based networks following the publish-subscribe pattern. This method of dissemination immediately raises security concerns, since supply chain operations' data is considered sensitive by companies. Attribute-based encryption has proven successful in enforcing access control in publish-subscribe networks. Nevertheless, existing schemes do not support access control for RFID events. In this paper we present an encryption scheme that enables disseminating events that can only be decrypted by a selected set of parties that have been in possession of the RFID tag. Our scheme enables broadcasting event messages of constant ciphertext size to an entire network while enforcing access control policies via encryption. We prove our scheme secure under the Modified Bilinear Decisional Diffie-Hellman Assumption.
Novel authentication scheme with pseudorandom sequences in the frequency domain of images

In this paper, we introduce a novel message hiding scheme for the purpose of authentication inside images. The hiding process is performed by means of insertion in the frequency domain of Discrete Cosine Transform. By employing a type of sequences with well-defined, low cross-correlation values to encode information, we were able to embed messages inside images. Furthermore, it is also possible to verify the existence of hidden content, given knowledge of the correct sequences. To achieve a good balance between robustness and imperceptibility, the middle frequency region in Transform domain is selected. It is shown that, without knowing full parameters of sequences generation, it would be very difficult to extract what is hidden. The quality of resulting images seem to be similar to the original images; distortions are minimal as shown by their Peak Signal-to-Noise Ratio and Structural Similarity.
Landing in netball: effects of taping and bracing the ankle.

OBJECTIVES: To investigate the effect of bracing and taping on selected electromyographic, kinematic, and kinetic variables when landing from a jump. METHODS: Fifteen netball players performed a jump, so as to land on their dominant limb on a force plate. Electromyographic activity was recorded from the gastrocnemius, tibialis anterior, and peroneus longus muscles. Subjects were also filmed and measures of rearfoot motion were derived. RESULTS: Significantly less electromyographic activity (p<0.007) was observed from the gastrocnemius and peroneus longus muscle groups when subjects were braced. No other significant electromyographical findings were observed. Peak vertical ground reaction force and time to peak for vertical ground reaction force were not affected by bracing and taping, nor were the rearfoot and Achilles tendon angles at foot strike. CONCLUSIONS: The effect of bracing and taping on the selected biomechanics variables associated with landing was specifically limited to a reduction in muscle action, particularly for the braced condition. Netball players can be confident that the biomechanics of their landing patterns will not be altered whether they choose to wear a brace or tape their ankle joints.
All fiber-coupled, long-term stable timing distribution for free-electron lasers with few-femtosecond jitter

We report recent progress made in a complete fiber-optic, high-precision, long-term stable timing distribution system for synchronization of next generation X-ray free-electron lasers. Timing jitter characterization of the master laser shows less than 170-as RMS integrated jitter for frequencies above 10 kHz, limited by the detection noise floor. Timing stabilization of a 3.5-km polarization-maintaining fiber link is successfully achieved with an RMS drift of 3.3 fs over 200 h of operation using all fiber-coupled elements. This all fiber-optic implementation will greatly reduce the complexity of optical alignment in timing distribution systems and improve the overall mechanical and timing stability of the system.
Effect on Electron Structure and Magneto-Optic Property of Heavy W-Doped Anatase TiO2

The spin or nonspin state of electrons in W-doped anatase TiO2 is very difficult to judge experimentally because of characterization method limitations. Hence, the effect on the microscopic mechanism underlying the visible-light effect of W-doped anatase TiO2 through the consideration of electronic spin or no-spin states is still unknown. To solve this problem, we establish supercell models of W-doped anatase TiO2 at different concentrations, followed by geometry optimization and energy calculation based on the first-principle planewave norm conserving pseudo-potential method of the density functional theory. Calculation results showed that under the condition of nonspin the doping concentration of W becomes heavier, the formation energy becomes greater, and doping becomes more difficult. Meanwhile, the total energy increases, the covalent weakens and ionic bonds strengthens, the stability of the W-doped anatase TiO2 decreases, the band gap increases, and the blue-shift becomes more significant with the increase of W doping concentration. However, under the condition of spin, after the band gap correction by the GGA+U method, it is found that the semimetal diluted magnetic semiconductors can be formed by heavy W-doped anatase TiO2. Especially, a conduction electron polarizability of as high as near 100% has been found for the first time in high concentration W-doped anatase TiO2. It will be able to be a promising new type of dilute magnetic semiconductor. And the heavy W-doped anatase TiO2 make the band gap becomes narrower and absorption spectrum red-shift.
Resilience of Coral Reefs at the southern Egyptian Coast of the Red Sea

Twenty nine sites on the reef of the area between House Reef Fantazia Resort to House Reef of Shams Alam Resort, south to city of Marsa Alam, were surveyed. The eleven key resilience factors set by McClanahan et al. (2012) were used to evaluate our studied Reef areas. The resilience rank equals the sum of the resistance rank and recovery rank. The highest resistance ranks 2.66 and the lowest one 2.06 recorded in sites 27 and 28, respectively, while the recovery rank ranged between 1.69 and 2.75 in sites 29 and 26 respectively. Dependably, the resilience rank ranged between 3.86 and 5.15 in sites 29 and 19, respectively. Generally, the sites with high recruitment colonies, coral resistance species, herbivores fishes biomass, and lower algal cover, human impacts had higher resilience rank than the others sites. Keyword: Coral reef, Resilience, Recovery, Resistance, Marsa Alam, Red Sea.
Process Compliance in Open Source Software Development - a Study of Python enhancement Proposals (PEPS)

Decision-making processes in proprietary software development are often well-captured. In contrast, stakeholders participating in open source software development (OSSD) projects often do not understand the decision-making processes at work, as these are either captured poorly or remain hidden. Using Python as the case study of an OSS project where the processes are well-documented, this work ‘mined’ the decision-making processes used to develop Python Enhancement Proposals (PEPs), to study whether the extracted process complied with the publicly advertised process for decisionmaking (i.e., the prescribed process). In doing so we investigate whether the previously observed normative-descriptive dichotomy in proprietary software development, between the two theories normative decision theory (i.e., what is expected) and descriptive decision theory (i.e., what is done) applies to the domain of OSSD. We also investigate whether the decision-making processes are provided at the right level of granularity (fine vs. coarse) for different stakeholders. Our findings confirm the lack of process compliance in Python, thus confirming dichotomy. Thus, it validates the relevance of using decision-theory to study decision-making processes in OSSD. Additionally, it confirms the inadequacy of the granularity-level of the available process. We also discuss the implication for decision-making practice and processes in the Python community.
Sharing Attractions on the Net with VPark

We present a networked virtual environment (NVE) system and an attraction building system based on Windows NT that enables users to introduce their own scenario-based applications into a shared virtual environment. Our goal was to develop and integrate several modules into a system capable of animating realistic virtual humans in a real-time performance. This includes modeling and representing virtual humans with high realism and simulating human face and body movements in real time. Realism becomes quite important in NVEs, where the communication among participants is crucial for their sense of presence.