Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Rheological characterization, In vitro release, and Ex vivo permeation of Nefopam Thermosensitive and mucoadhesive intranasal in situ gel

Nefopam nasal thermosensitive in situ gel based on poloxamer 407 and poloxamer 188 were formulated. The formulations that showed acceptable gelation temperature were selected for further evaluations; rheological, in vitro-release, and permeation behavior. Rheological studies show significant increase in viscosity when solution formed gel at gelation temperature and follow pseudoplastic flow, and as viscosity increased, slower erosion and drug release occurred. Drug release profiles were fitted to mathematical models (First-order, Zero order, Higuchi, Power law, and Peppas-Sahlin) using a DDSolver Excel Microsoft Add-in, dissolution profile comparison in addition to pairwise similarity factor (f2) was used for comparison between formulas dissolution. The flux and effective permeability coefficient parameters at steady state were calculated for selected formulas and compared with permeation of 20mg/ml Nefopam aqueous solution as control.
CONSTRAINTS ON DARK MATTER ANNIHILATION IN CLUSTERS OF GALAXIES FROM DIFFUSE RADIO EMISSION

Annihilation of dark matter can result in the production of stable Standard Model particles including electrons and positrons that, in the presence of magnetic fields, lose energy via synchrotron radiation, observable as radio emission. Galaxy clusters are excellent targets to search for or to constrain the rate of dark matter annihilation, as they are both massive and dark matter dominated. In this study, we place limits on dark matter annihilation in a sample of nearby clusters using upper limits on the diffuse radio emission, low levels of observed diffuse emission, or detections of radio mini-halos. We find that the strongest limits on the annihilation cross section are better than limits derived from the non-detection of clusters in the gamma-ray band by a factor of ∼3 or more when the same annihilation channel and substructure model, but different best-case clusters, are compared. The limits on the cross section depend on the assumed amount of substructure, varying by as much as two orders of magnitude for increasingly optimistic substructure models as compared to a smooth Navarro–Frenk–White profile. In our most optimistic case, using the results of the Phoenix Project, we find that the derived limits reach below the thermal relic cross section of 3 × 10−26 cm3 s−1 for dark matter masses as large as 400 GeV, for the annihilation channel. We discuss uncertainties due to the limited available data on the magnetic field structure of individual clusters. We also report the discovery of diffuse radio emission from the central 30–40 kpc regions of the groups M49 and NGC 4636.
Investigation of collisions between Li(2P) atoms and electrons: Excitation of 4l levels

Results of measurements of rate constants for transitions betwen 2P → 4S, 2P → 4P, and 2P → 4D levels of lithium are presented. The investigations were performed in laser induced plasma. The results were compared with calculations based on Born and close coupling approach.
Gravitationally coupled Dirac equation for antimatter

The coupling of antimatter to gravity is of general interest because of conceivable cosmological consequences ("surprises") related to dark energy and the cosmological constant. Here, we revisit the derivation of the gravitationally coupled Dirac equation and find that the prefactor of a result given previously in [D.R. Brill and J.A. Wheeler, Rev. Mod. Phys., vol. 29, p. 465 (1957)] for the affine connection matrix is in need of a correction. We also discuss the conversion the curved-space Dirac equation from East-Coast to West-Coast conventions, in order to bring the gravitationally coupled Dirac equation to a form where it can easily be unified with the electromagnetic coupling as it is commonly used in modern particle physics calculations. The Dirac equation describes anti-particles as negative-energy states. We find a symmetry of the gravitationally coupled Dirac equation, which connects particle and antiparticle solutions for a general space-time metric of the Schwarzschild type and implies that particles and antiparticles experience the same coupling to the gravitational field, including all relativistic quantum corrections of motion. Our results demonstrate the consistency of quantum mechanics with general relativity and imply that a conceivable difference of gravitational interaction of hydrogen and antihydrogen should directly be attributed to a a "fifth force" ("quintessence").
THE TRANSITION FROM “NORMAL” TO “BROAD ABSORPTION LINE QUASAR” OF TON 34

We report the emergence of a high-velocity, broad absorption line outflow in the luminous quasar Ton 34, at zq = 1.928. The outflow is detected through an ultraviolet C iv broad absorption line, in a spectrum obtained in 2006 January by the Sloan Digital Sky Survey. No absorption trough was present in two different spectra acquired in 1981 at Las Campanas and Palomar observatories, indicating the emergence of the outflow in less than ∼8 yr (rest frame). The absorption line spans a velocity range from ∼5000 to 25,000 km s−1, and resembles typical troughs found in broad absorption line quasars (BALQSOs). We measure a balnicity index ≳600 (though this value might be an underestimation due to a conservative placing of the continuum). The absorption trough is likely saturated, with the absorbing gas covering ∼25% of the emitting region. We explore different scenarios for the emergence of this outflow, and find an existing wind moving across our line of sight to the source as the most likely explanation. This indicates that high-velocity outflows (producing broad absorption troughs in BALQSOs) might be ubiquitous in quasars, yet only become observable when the wind accidentally crosses our line of vision to the central source.
Conformational Preferences of Pyridone Adenine Dinucleotides from Molecular Dynamics Simulations

Pyridone adenine dinucleotides (ox-NADs) are redox inactive derivatives of the enzyme cofactor and substrate nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD) that have a carbonyl group at the C2, C4, or C6 positions of the nicotinamide ring. These aberrant cofactor analogs accumulate in cells under stress and are potential inhibitors of enzymes that use NAD(H). We studied the conformational landscape of ox-NADs in solution using molecular dynamics simulations. Compared to NAD+ and NADH, 2-ox-NAD and 4-ox-NAD have an enhanced propensity for adopting the anti conformation of the pyridone ribose group, whereas 6-ox-NAD exhibits greater syn potential. Consequently, 2-ox-NAD and 4-ox-NAD have increased preference for folding into compact conformations, whereas 6-ox-NAD is more extended. ox-NADs have distinctive preferences for the orientation of the pyridone amide group, which are driven by intramolecular hydrogen bonding and steric interactions. These conformational preferences are compared to those of protein-bound NAD(H). Our results may help in identifying enzymes targeted by ox-NADs.
Study on the Wetting Mechanism between Hot-Melt Nano Glass Powder and Different Substrates

The wettability of molten glass powder plays an essential role in the encapsulation of microelectromechanical system (MEMS) devices with glass paste as an intermediate layer. In this study, we first investigated the flow process of nano glass powder melted at a high temperature by simulation in COMSOL. Both the influence of the different viscosity of hot-melt glass on its wettability on SiO2 and the comparison of the wettability of hot-melt glass on Au metal lead and SiO2 were investigated by simulation. Then, in the experiment, the hot-melt glass flew and spread along the length of the Au electrode because of a good wettability, resulting in little coverage of the hot-melt glass on the Au electrode, with a height of only 500 nm. In order to reduce the wettability of the glass paste on the Au electrode, a SiO2 isolation layer was grown on the surface of golden lead by chemical vapor deposition. It successfully reduced the wettability, so the thickness of the hot-melt glass was increased to 1.95 μm. This proved once again that the wettability of hot-melt glass on Au was better.
Prospects of detecting spacetime torsion

How to detect spacetime torsion? In this paper, we provide the theoretical basis for an answer to this question. Multipolar equations of motion for a very general class of gravitational theories with nonminimal coupling in spacetimes admitting torsion are given. Our findings provide a framework for the systematic testing of whole classes of theories with the help of extended test bodies. One surprising feature of nonminimal theories turns out to be their potential sensitivity to torsion of spacetime even in experiments with ordinary (not microstructured) test matter.
Are TED Talks Suitable Materials for Humanities Specialized Vocabulary Learning?

Previous studies have revealed the pedological significance of TED talks for academic vocabulary learning. However, their suitability as learning materials for humanities students remains unclear. This study will use a corpus-based method to investigate whether TED talks are appropriate materials for humanities students to learn specialized spoken vocabulary. A Humanities TED talks Corpus (HTTC) and five sub-corpora of different subjects are developed as research objects. The coverage of three wordlists over the HTTC and sub-corpora is analysed and compared, including Academic Word List (AWL), Academic Spoken Word List (ASWL), and Soft Science Word List (SSWL). Levels 2-4 coverage of ASWL and SSWL is analysed with emphasis because they can better represent academic lexis. An additional corpus of TED Ed is also developed to advance the current investigation. The findings revealed that SSWL had higher coverage (86.2% overall, 8.9% in levels 2-4) than ASWL (85.2% overall, 7.7% in levels 2-4), which suggested that humanities related TED talks can be potential materials for specialized spoken vocabulary learning. The coverage comparison among sub-corpora reported the highest coverage of History, which was discovered due to the large percentage of TED Ed talks, presumably a more technical speech event of TED talks. This study may provide pedological instruction for introducing TED talks as supplementary materials into English for specific academic purpose (ESAP) classes to benefit humanities students’ specialized spoken vocabulary learning.
Spin, angular momentum and spin-statistics for a relativistic quantum many-body system

The adaptation of Wigner’s induced representation for a relativistic quantum theory making possible the construction of wave packets and admitting covariant expectation values for the coordinate operator xμ introduces a foliation on the Hilbert space of states. The spin-statistics relation for fermions and bosons implies the universality of the parametrization of orbits of the induced representation, implying that all particles within identical particle sets transform under the same SU(2) subgroup of the Lorentz group, and therefore their spins and angular momentum states can be computed using the usual Clebsch–Gordan coefficients associated with angular momentum. Important consequences, such as entanglement for subsystems at unequal times, covariant statistical correlations in many-body systems and the construction of relativistic boson and fermion statistical ensembles, as well as implications for the foliation of the Fock space and for quantum field theory are briefly discussed.
Interference Fringes Controlled by Non-Interfering Photons

We observe spatial fringes in the interference of two beams, which are controlled by a third beam through the phenomenon of induced coherence without induced emission. We show that the interference pattern depends on the alignment of this beam in an analogous way as fringes created in a traditional division-of-amplitude interferometer depend on the relative alignment of the two interfering beams. We demonstrate that the pattern is characterized by an equivalent wavelength, which corresponds to a combination of the wavelengths of the involved physical light beams.
Preprint Typeset in Jhep Style -hyper Version (un)higgsing the M2-brane

We study various aspects of N = 2 quiver-Chern-Simons theories, conjectured to be dual to M2-branes at toric Calabi-Yau four-fold singularities, under Higgsing. In particular we study in detail the orbifold C 4 /Z 3 2 , obtaining a number of different quiver-Chern-Simons phases for this model, and all 18 toric partial resolutions thereof. In the process we develop a general un-Higgsing algorithm that allows one to construct quiver-Chern-Simons theories by blowing up, thus obtaining a plethora of new models. In addition we explain how turning on torsion G-flux non-trivially affects the supergravity dual of Higgsing, showing that the supergravity and field theory analyses precisely match in an example based on the Sasaki-Einstein manifold Y 2,1 (CP 2).
Short-Term Variability of PKS1510-089

We searched a short-term radio variability in an active galactic nucleus PKS 1510-089. A daily flux monitoring for 143 days at 8.4 GHz was performed, and VLBI observations at 8.4, 22, and 43 GHz were carried out 4 times during the flux monitoring period. As a result, variability with time scale of 20 to 30 days was detected. The variation patterns were well alike on three frequencies, moreover those at 22 and 43 GHz were synchronized. These properties support that this short-term variability is an intrinsic one. The Doppler factor estimated from the variability time scale is 47. Since the Doppler factor is not extraordinary large for AGN, such intrinsic variability with time scale less than 30 days would exist in other AGNs.
Exploring the Experiences of Runners with Visual Impairments and Sighted Guides

Running is a popular sport, and, with simple modifications, it can be accessible for individuals with visual impairments, particularly with a sighted running guide. The purpose of this study is to examine the experiences of runners with visual impairments and sighted running guides. Adopting a descriptive qualitative approach to guide data collection analysis and interpretation, seven runners with visual impairments and four sighted running guides were recruited and interviewed. The analysis identified four major themes: (1) benefits, (2) barriers, (3) advocacy, and (4) communication. The identified themes illustrate the influence of participation in running on the health and relationships of the runners with visual impairments, the barriers that exist to participation, and the advocacy and communication needed to overcome those barriers.
GPGPU for track finding in High Energy Physics

The LHC experiments are designed to detect large amount of physics events produced with a very high rate. Considering the future upgrades, the data acquisition rate will become even higher and new computing paradigms must be adopted for fast data-processing: General Purpose Graphics Processing Units (GPGPU) is a novel approach based on massive parallel computing. The intense computation power provided by Graphics Processing Units (GPU) is expected to reduce the computation time and to speed-up the low-latency applications used for fast decision taking. In particular, this approach could be hence used for high-level triggering in very complex environments, like the typical inner tracking systems of the multi-purpose experiments at LHC, where a large number of charged particle tracks will be produced with the luminosity upgrade. In this article we discuss a track pattern recognition algorithm based on the Hough Transform, where a parallel approach is expected to reduce dramatically the execution time.
RECALIBRATION OF THE VIRIAL FACTOR AND MBH–σ* RELATION FOR LOCAL ACTIVE GALAXIES

Determining the virial factor of the broad-line region gas is crucial for calibrating active galactic nucleus black hole mass estimators, since the measured line-of-sight velocity needs to be converted into the intrinsic virial velocity. The average virial factor has been empirically calibrated based on the MBH–σ* relation of quiescent galaxies, but the claimed values differ by a factor of two in recent studies. We investigate the origin of the difference by measuring the MBH–σ* relation using an updated galaxy sample from the literature and explore the dependence of the virial factor on various fitting methods. We find that the discrepancy is primarily caused by the sample selection, while the difference stemming from the various regression methods is marginal. However, we generally prefer the FITEXY and Bayesian estimators based on Monte Carlo simulations for the MBH–σ* relation. In addition, the choice of independent variable in the regression leads to ∼0.2 dex variation in the virial factor inferred from the calibration process. Based on the determined virial factor, we present the updated MBH–σ* relation of local active galaxies.
Using CMIP6 Models to Assess the Significance of the Observed Trend in the Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation

Observations from the RAPID array at 26.5°N suggest a weakening in the Atlantic meridional overturning circulation between 2004 and 2020. The shortness of this time series raises the question of whether this weakening should be thought of as natural variability or as related to climate change. To estimate natural variability, preindustrial control runs of the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project Phase 6 are used and the observed weakening is found to fall within the distribution of naturally occurring trends. These trends result from model variability on periods longer than the observational window, and variation between models at these frequencies is especially pronounced. Finally, adding noise to inflate model variability also inflates model trends; however, the effect on trends is sensitive only to the low frequency portion of the noise spectrum.
The SAMI Galaxy Survey: first 1000 galaxies

Abstract The Sydney–AAO Multi-object Integral field spectrograph (SAMI) Galaxy Survey is an ongoing project to obtain integral field spectroscopic observations of ∼3400 galaxies by mid-2016. Including the pilot survey, a total of ∼1000 galaxies have been observed to date, making the SAMI Galaxy Survey the largest of its kind in existence. This unique dataset allows a wide range of investigations into different aspects of galaxy evolution. The first public data from the SAMI Galaxy Survey, consisting of 107 galaxies drawn from the full sample, has now been released. By giving early access to SAMI data for the entire research community, we aim to stimulate research across a broad range of topics in galaxy evolution. As the sample continues to grow, the survey will open up a new and unique parameter space for galaxy evolution studies.
Compton rockets and the minimum power of relativistic jets

The power of a relativistic jet depends on the number of leptons and protons carried by the jet itself. We have reason to believe that powerful γ-ray flat spectrum radio sources emit most of their radiation where radiative cooling is severe. This helps us to find the minimum number of emitting leptons needed to explain the radiation we see. The number of protons is more uncertain. If there is one proton per electron, they dominate the jet power, but they could be unimportant if the emission is due to electron–positron pairs. In this case, the total jet power could be much smaller. However, if the γ-ray flux is due to inverse Compton scattering with seed photons produced outside the jet, the radiation is anisotropic also in the comoving frame, making the jet recoil. This Compton rocket effect is strong for light, electron–positron jets, and negligible for heavy, proton-dominated jets. No significant deceleration, required by fast superluminal motion, requires a minimum number of protons per lepton, and thus a minimum jet power. We apply these ideas to the blazar 3C 454.3 to establish a robust lower limit to its total jet power: if the viewing angle θv≈ 1/Γ, the jet power is larger than the accretion luminosity Ld for any bulk Lorentz factor Γ. For θv= 0°, instead, the minimum jet power can be smaller than Ld for Γ < 25. No more than ∼10 pairs per proton are allowed.
Empirical Orthogonal Representation of time series in the frequency domain

Abstract Rawinsonde data from the western Pacific region for the summer of 1967 are expanded in terms of complex empirical orthogonal functions and the results are compared with those of previous investigations based on the same data set. The results and conclusions are consistent with those based on spectrum analysis and compositing, except in a few cases where it has been possible to resolve ambiguities in the earlier work. The new method has been particularly helpful in clarifying the relationship between the mixed Rossby-gravity waves of the upper troposphere and the synoptic-scale, westward propagating waves of the lower troposphere. The new results indicate that these two disturbance types are so strongly coupled that it is not possible to separate them.
Comment on time-variation of fundamental constants

The possible time variation of dimensionless fundamental constants of nature, such as the fine-structure constant $\alpha$, is a legitimate subject of physical enquiry. By contrast, the time variation of dimensional constants, such as $\hbar$, $c$, $G$, $e$, $k$,. which are merely human constructs whose number and values differ from one choice of units to the next, has no operational meaning. To illustrate this, we refute a recent claim of Davies et al that black holes can discriminate between two contending theories of varying $\alpha$, one with varying $c$ and the other with varying $e$. In Appendix A we respond to criticisms by P. Davies and two Nature referees. In Appendix B we respond to remarks by Magueijo and by T. Davis. In Appendix C we critique recent claims by Copi, A. Davis and Krauss to have placed constraints on $\Delta G/G$. } In Appendix D we provide extracts of a lecture by Dirac, of which we have only recently become aware, which includes the comment "Talking about whether a thing is constant or not does not have any absolute meaning unless that quantity is dimensionless".
Role of local club in developing value chain of high performance national tennis athlete

This paper discusses the role of local clubs in developing high performance junior athletes as a critical part of the national value chain to produce national athletes. Local clubs serve as entry points for kids and their parents into the world of tennis. Local club is a hub that connects three main actors involved in the development of kids into tennis players: (i) Coach, (ii) Athlete, and (iii) Parents, regarded as grass root athlete development. This paper identifies the typical tennis player pathway in Indonesia. Value chain of local club and its relation with other regional, national, and global stakeholders’ value chain in developing national athletes are presented. Benchmark of journey from grassroots player to high performance/elite players and structure of value chain in established countries are discussed. It is concluded that local clubs are playing a significant role in creating a massive pool of talent and developing grass-roots players into high performance/elite national tennis athletes. Strong collaboration between stakeholders and completing structure the value chain are important to develop country performance in sustainable way.