Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Application of genetic algorithm as feature selection technique in development of effective fault prediction model

Prediction of faults in a proposed software is helpful in deciding the amount of effort to be given for software development. We observed that, a good number of authors hypothesized that the performance of fault prediction model depends on the source code metrics which are used as input of the model. Feature selection technique is a process of selecting suitable set of source code metrics which may improve the performance of fault prediction model. In this work, genetic algorithm (GA) has been applied as feature selection technique to select the suitable set of source code metrics. This selected set of source code metrics are used as requisite input data to develop a classifier using five different classification techniques such as logistic regression, extreme learning machine, support vector machine (SVM) with three different kernel functions (linear, polynomial, and radial basis kernel functions) in order to predict the faulty and non-faulty classes. In this study, we propose a cost evaluation framework to perform cost based analysis for evaluating the effectiveness of fault prediction model. We perform experiments on thirty number of Java Open Source projects. From the obtained results, it is observed that the model developed using selected set of source code metrics obtained better result as compared to all metrics. From costs analysis framework, it is observed that the developed fault prediction model is best suitable for software with % of faulty classes less than the threshold value depending on fault identification efficiency (low-46.44%, median-45.37%, and high-36.63%).
An experimental test of the Westermarck effect: sex differences in inbreeding avoidance

In order to avoid inbreeding, humans and other animals develop a strong sexual aversion to individuals with whom they have lived closely in infancy and early childhood (usually biological siblings), a phenomenon called the "Westermarck effect" or negative sexual imprinting. The mechanisms underlying this phenomenon, however, remain unclear. For example, it is not known whether negative imprinting is based only on actual sexual aversion to brothers and sisters or also on generalizing the traits of their siblings to nonkin. If imprinting is more general, one could predict that people would avoid mating with all individuals that resemble their other-sex siblings. In our study, women rated morphed other-sex faces that resemble their siblings as significantly lower in sexual attractiveness than morphed faces on average, and the opposite effect was found in men—similarity to sibling increased perceived attractiveness. Interestingly, self-similarity did not influence the preferences of either men or women. These sex differences are consistent with parental investment theory, as females bear greater costs associated with inbreeding depression, perhaps explaining their deeper aversion toward engagement in sexual activities with male individuals who bear cues to relatedness. Furthermore, they indicate that faces resembling siblings are valid stimuli for investigating facial similarity preference.
Content-Driven Detection of Cyberbullying on the Instagram Social Network

We study detection of cyberbullying in photo-sharing networks, with an eye on developing early-warning mechanisms for the prediction of posted images vulnerable to attacks. Given the overwhelming increase in media accompanying text in online social networks, we investigate use of posted images and captions for improved detection of bullying in response to shared content. We validate our approaches on a dataset of over 3000 images along with peer-generated comments posted on the Instagram photo-sharing network, running comprehensive experiments using a variety of classifiers and feature sets. In addition to standard image and text features, we leverage several novel features including topics determined from image captions and a pretrained convolutional neural network on image pixels. We identify the importance of these advanced features in assisting detection of cyberbullying in posted comments. We also provide results on classification of images and captions themselves as potential targets for cyberbullies.
Feedback After Good Trials Enhances Learning

Recent studies (Chiviacowsky & Wulf, 2002, 2005) have shown that learners prefer to receive feedback after they believe they had a “good” rather than “poor”trial. The present study followed up on this finding and examined whether learning would benefit if individuals received feedback after good relative to poor trials. Participants practiced a task that required them to throw beanbags at a target with their nondominant arm. Vision was prevented during and after the throws. All participants received knowledge of results (KR) on three trials in each 6-trial block. While one group (KR good) received KR for the three most effective trials in each block, another (KR poor) received feedback for the three least effective trials in each block. There were no group differences in practice. However, the KR good group showed learning advantages on a delayed retention test (without KR). These results demonstrated that learning is facilitated if feedback is provided after good rather than poor trials. The findings are interpreted as evidence for a motivational function of feedback.
The Implications of HIV Treatment on the HIV-Malaria Coinfection Dynamics: A Modeling Perspective

Most hosts harbor multiple pathogens at the same time in disease epidemiology. Multiple pathogens have the potential for interaction resulting in negative impacts on host fitness or alterations in pathogen transmission dynamics. In this paper we develop a mathematical model describing the dynamics of HIV-malaria coinfection. Additionally, we extended our model to examine the role treatment (of malaria and HIV) plays in altering populations' dynamics. Our model consists of 13 interlinked equations which allow us to explore multiple aspects of HIV-malaria transmission and treatment. We perform qualitative analysis of the model that includes positivity and boundedness of solutions. Furthermore, we evaluate the reproductive numbers corresponding to the submodels and investigate the long term behavior of the submodels. We also consider the qualitative dynamics of the full model. Sensitivity analysis is done to determine the impact of some chosen parameters on the dynamics of malaria. Finally, numerical simulations illustrate the potential impact of the treatment scenarios and confirm our analytical results.
Only for casual players?: investigating player differences in full-body game interaction

Full-body motion gestures enable realistic and intuitive input in video games. However, little is known regarding how different kinds of players engage/disengage with full-body game interaction. In this paper, adopting a user-typing approach, we explore player differences and their preferences in full-body gesture interaction (i.e., Kinect). Specifically, we hypothesize three human factors that influence player engagement in full-body game interaction, i.e., the player's motivation to succeed (achiever vs. casual player), motivation to move (mover vs. non-mover), and game expertise (gamer vs. non-gamer). To explore the hypotheses, we conducted an experiment where participants were tasked with playing three different video games supporting full-body game gestures. The results suggest a significant correlation and main effect of the three factors on players' engagement. The results also suggest three important game properties that affect players' preferences: level of cognitive challenge, level of physical challenge and level of realistic interaction.
Metabolite Profiling Identifies a Key Role for Glycine in Rapid Cancer Cell Proliferation

More Glycine, Please To better characterize metabolic properties of cancer cells, Jain et al. (p. 1040; see the Perspective by Tomita and Kami) measured systematically the concentrations of hundreds of metabolites in cell culture medium in which 60 different cancer cell lines were growing. The fastest growing cancer cells tended to consume glycine, whereas more slowly growing cells excreted some glycine. The rapidly growing cancer cells appeared to need glycine for synthesis of purine nucleotides required for continued synthesis of DNA. Interfering with glycine metabolism slowed growth of the rapidly proliferating cancer cells. Thus, an increased dependence on glycine by rapidly growing cancer cells could potentially provide a target for therapeutic intervention. Rapidly growing cancer cells rely on the amino acid glycine to make nucleotides. Metabolic reprogramming has been proposed to be a hallmark of cancer, yet a systematic characterization of the metabolic pathways active in transformed cells is currently lacking. Using mass spectrometry, we measured the consumption and release (CORE) profiles of 219 metabolites from media across the NCI-60 cancer cell lines, and integrated these data with a preexisting atlas of gene expression. This analysis identified glycine consumption and expression of the mitochondrial glycine biosynthetic pathway as strongly correlated with rates of proliferation across cancer cells. Antagonizing glycine uptake and its mitochondrial biosynthesis preferentially impaired rapidly proliferating cells. Moreover, higher expression of this pathway was associated with greater mortality in breast cancer patients. Increased reliance on glycine may represent a metabolic vulnerability for selectively targeting rapid cancer cell proliferation.
International Journal of Copd Dovepress Oxidative Dna Damage in Lung Tissue from Patients with Copd Is Clustered in Functionally Significant Sequences

Lung tissue from COPD patients displays oxidative DNA damage. The present study determined whether oxidative DNA damage was randomly distributed or whether it was localized in specific sequences in either the nuclear or mitochondrial genomes. The DNA damage-specific histone, gamma-H2AX, was detected immunohistochemically in alveolar wall cells in lung tissue from COPD patients but not control subjects. A PCR-based method was used to search for oxidized purine base products in selected 200 bp sequences in promoters and coding regions of the VEGF, TGF-β1, HO-1, Egr1, and β-actin genes while quantitative Southern blot analysis was used to detect oxidative damage to the mitochondrial genome in lung tissue from control subjects and COPD patients. Among the nuclear genes examined, oxida-tive damage was detected in only 1 sequence in lung tissue from COPD patients: the hypoxic response element (HRE) of the VEGF promoter. The content of VEGF mRNA also was reduced in COPD lung tissue. Mitochondrial DNA content was unaltered in COPD lung tissue, but there was a substantial increase in mitochondrial DNA strand breaks and/or abasic sites. These findings show that oxidative DNA damage in COPD lungs is prominent in the HRE of the VEGF promoter and in the mitochondrial genome and raise the intriguing possibility that genome and sequence-specific oxidative DNA damage could contribute to transcriptional dysregulation and cell fate decisions in COPD.
RIG-I and MDA-5 Detection of Viral RNA-dependent RNA Polymerase Activity Restricts Positive-Strand RNA Virus Replication

Type I interferons (IFN) are important for antiviral responses. Melanoma differentiation-associated gene 5 (MDA-5) and retinoic acid-induced gene I (RIG-I) proteins detect cytosolic double-stranded RNA (dsRNA) or 5′-triphosphate (5′-ppp) RNA and mediate IFN production. Cytosolic 5′-ppp RNA and dsRNA are generated during viral RNA replication and transcription by viral RNA replicases [RNA-dependent RNA polymerases (RdRp)]. Here, we show that the Semliki Forest virus (SFV) RNA replicase can induce IFN-β independently of viral RNA replication and transcription. The SFV replicase converts host cell RNA into 5′-ppp dsRNA and induces IFN-β through the RIG-I and MDA-5 pathways. Inactivation of the SFV replicase RdRp activity prevents IFN-β induction. These IFN-inducing modified host cell RNAs are abundantly produced during both wild-type SFV and its non-pathogenic mutant infection. Furthermore, in contrast to the wild-type SFV replicase a non-pathogenic mutant replicase triggers increased IFN-β production, which leads to a shutdown of virus replication. These results suggest that host cells can restrict RNA virus replication by detecting the products of unspecific viral replicase RdRp activity.
Understanding the molecular mechanisms of Friedreich's ataxia to develop therapeutic approaches.

Friedreich's ataxia (FRDA) is a neurodegenerative disease caused by reduced expression of the mitochondrial protein frataxin. The physiopathological consequences of frataxin deficiency are a severe disruption of iron-sulfur cluster biosynthesis, mitochondrial iron overload coupled to cellular iron dysregulation and an increased sensitivity to oxidative stress. Frataxin is a highly conserved protein, which has been suggested to participate in a variety of different roles associated with cellular iron homeostasis. The present review discusses recent advances that have made crucial contributions in understanding the molecular mechanisms underlying FRDA and in advancements toward potential novel therapeutic approaches. Owing to space constraints, this review will focus on the most commonly accepted and solid molecular and biochemical studies concerning the function of frataxin and the physiopathology of the disease. We invite the reader to read the following reviews to have a more exhaustive overview of the field [Pandolfo, M. and Pastore, A. (2009) The pathogenesis of Friedreich ataxia and the structure and function of frataxin. J. Neurol. , 256 (Suppl. 1), 9-17; Gottesfeld, J.M. (2007) Small molecules affecting transcription in Friedreich ataxia. Pharmacol. Ther. , 116, 236-248; Pandolfo, M. (2008) Drug insight: antioxidant therapy in inherited ataxias. Nat. Clin. Pract. Neurol. , 4, 86-96; Puccio, H. (2009) Multicellular models of Friedreich ataxia. J. Neurol. , 256 (Suppl. 1), 18-24].
Mobility aid for blind figure skaters

This work is developed within the scope of rehabilitation technology to enable blind and visually impaired persons read non-Braille material commonly available in digital form to normal-vision readers. This approach, therefore, tries to broaden the reaching capacity for these persons and, thus, allow for better inclusion in social, work, educative and even leisure activities. Specifically, it is devised for reading any kind of text in digital form –-books, files, documents, Internet information and exchanges, etc.–- that can be loaded in a PC to be later read on the devised Braille reading line. It consists of a string-like platform of electrodes that simulate, through tactile electrostimulation, the letter characters displayed in Braille fashion. Finger-tip feeling from these electric discharges is caused by stimulating the skin nerve receptors underneath the tip. These electric discharges produce a similar effect as when reading embossed-type characters of traditional Braille-relief paper material. After design and development, experiences were made with blind persons, with fairly satisfactory results. At present, further work is under way in order to improve the system.
Orbit functions of SU(n) and Chebyshev polynomials

Orbit functions of a simple Lie group/Lie algebra L consist of exponential functions summed up over the Weyl group of L. They are labeled by the highest weights of irreducible finite dimensional representations of L. They are of three types: C-, S- and E-functions. Orbit functions of the Lie algebras An, or equivalently, of the Lie group SU(n+1), are considered. First, orbit functions in two different bases - one orthonormal, the other given by the simple roots of SU(n) - are written using the isomorphism of the permutation group of n elements and the Weyl group of SU(n). Secondly, it is demonstrated that there is a one-to-one correspondence between classical Chebyshev polynomials of the first and second kind, and C- and $S$-functions of the simple Lie group SU(2). It is then shown that the well-known orbit functions of SU(n) are straightforward generalizations of Chebyshev polynomials to n-1 variables. Properties of the orbit functions provide a wealth of properties of the polynomials. Finally, multivariate exponential functions are considered, and their connection with orbit functions of SU(n) is established.
Technological and organizational determinants of information management in the urban space (based on scientific research)

The paper presents technological and organizational conditions of information management in the urban space that has been identified within frames of research realized within the project "Integrated support system for access to information in urban space". The project is realized with funds raised in the competition for development projects, organized by the National Centre for Research and Development, which is a Polish institution that is responsible for the distribution of funds for scientific research.
Methane hydrate stability in the permafrost zone

three solicited reviews were extremely helpful and constructive, and I believe that all of their editorial suggestions and requests for clarification have been taken. The unsolicited comments from Shakhova, Tumskoy, and Romanovskii seemed to show a strong preference for the hypothesis that a climatically-significant pulse of methane could erupt from the Siberian seafloor to the atmosphere in a time span of just a few years. I am unable to think of a way to get a model to do this, but addressing their concerns has also made the paper clearer. Specific issues are discussed first in this document, updating text from the Author's comment posted to refer to the revised manuscript. A line-by-line discussion of changes in the paper follows that. Reviewer Nicolsky requested the source code to be included in the supplemental material, which I have done. One of the strongest and least speculative conclusions of this paper is that methane hydrate is thermodynamically unstable in most of the permafrost zone in the upper sediment column, and will therefore not accumulate or be found there. Shakhova cited soil at temperatures of –17 °C, which is below the freezing temperature for hydrate if salinity is 35 PSU (as assumed by [Romanovskii et al., 2005]), claiming that these sediments are clearly within the hydrate stability zone. I believe this claim is incorrect. The thermodynamics are illustrated in a phase diagram for ice and hydrate, using salt as a master variable. This figure will be the new Figure 1 in the revised paper. When the system consists only of ice and fluid phases, the equilibrium salinity S eq increases with decreasing temperature below freezing (Figure 1a, left). Above the melting temperature, ice is unstable, as indicated by the nonzero values of the disequilibrium temperature, ΔT eq, ice = T – T eq, ice , in contours, even in zero-salinity water (right). For a system consisting of only the hydrate and fluid phases (assuming that ice formation is disallowed, and also assuming gas saturation for methane) (Figure 1b), the behavior is similar but with an added pressure dependence due to the compressibility of the gas phase. When both solid phases are allowed, the overall equilibrium salinity will whichever is higher between S eq, ice and S eq hydrate. Whichever phase can seize water at its lowest activity (from fluid of the highest salinity) will be the stable phase. The salinity of the brine …
International Rent Sharing in Multinational Firms

We use a unique firm-level panel data set of multinational parents and their foreign affiliates to analyse whether profits are shared across borders within multinational firms. Using both fixed-effects and generalized method-of-moments estimators, affiliate wage levels are estimated to respond to both affiliate and parent profitability. The elasticity of affiliate wages to parent profits per worker is approximately 0.03, which can explain over 20% of observed variation in affiliate wages. These results reveal a previously ignored aspect of labour-market rent sharing. They also reveal an important micro-level linkage that can transmit economic conditions across national borders and that can provide an implicit cross-country risk-sharing mechanism.
Terminology challenges implementing the HL7 context-aware knowledge retrieval ('Infobutton') standard

Point-of-care information needs are common and frequently unmet. One solution to this problem is the use of Infobuttons, which are context-sensitive links from electronic health records (EHR) to knowledge resources, sometimes involving an intermediate broker known as an Infobutton Manager. Health Level Seven (HL7) has developed the Context-Aware Knowledge Retrieval (Infobutton) standard to standardize the integration between EHR systems and knowledge resources. While the standard specifies a set of context attributes and standard terminologies, it leaves to knowledge resources the flexibility to decide how to use these attributes and terminologies to retrieve the most relevant content. This paper describes some of the challenges faced by knowledge resources in trying to locate the most relevant content based on the attribute values for a given Infobutton request. Various approaches to content retrieval are discussed, including the role of indexing with standardized codes, the role of text-based search engines together with their ranking algorithms, and the role of hybrid approaches. Knowledge resource developers must carefully consider business rules, heuristics, and precision/recall tradeoffs when implementing the HL7 Infobutton standard.
Protein 2B of Coxsackievirus B3 Induces Autophagy Relying on Its Transmembrane Hydrophobic Sequences

Coxsackievirus B (CVB) belongs to Enterovirus genus within the Picornaviridae family, and it is one of the most common causative pathogens of viral myocarditis in young adults. The pathogenesis of myocarditis caused by CVB has not been completely elucidated. In CVB infection, autophagy is manipulated to facilitate viral replication. Here we report that protein 2B, one of the non-structural proteins of CVB3, possesses autophagy-inducing capability. The autophagy-inducing motif of protein 2B was identified by the generation of truncated 2B and site-directed mutagenesis. The expression of 2B alone was sufficient to induce the formation of autophagosomes in HeLa cells, while truncated 2B containing the two hydrophobic regions of the protein also induced autophagy. In addition, we demonstrated that a single amino acid substitution (56V→A) in the stem loop in between the two hydrophobic regions of protein 2B abolished the formation of autophagosomes. Moreover, we found that 2B and truncated 2B with autophagy-inducting capability were co-localized with LC3-II. This study indicates that protein 2B relies on its transmembrane hydrophobic regions to induce the formation of autophagosomes, while 56 valine residue in the stem loop of protein 2B might exert critical structural influence on its two hydrophobic regions. These results may provide new insight for understanding the molecular mechanism of autophagy triggered by CVB infection.
A dimension formula for Ekedahl-Oort strata

Nous etudions la stratification de Ekedahl-Oort sur les espaces de modules de type PEL. L'ensemble des strates est en correspondance avec les classes a droite d'un groupe de Weyl suivant un sous-groupe, et chaque classe a un element distingue de longueur minimale. Le resultat principal de cet article est que la dimension d'une strate est egale a la longueur de l'element du groupe de Weyl correspondant. Nous donnons quelques exemples explicites.