Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Simulations of the DARPA Suboff submarine including self-propulsion with the E1619 propeller

Abstract : Simulations of the DARPA Suboff submarine and the submarine propeller E1619 using the overset flow solver CFDShip-Iowa V4.5 are presented. The hull was tested in a straight ahead simulation and also in a starboard turn. Propeller open water curves were obtained for two grids for a wide range of advance coefficients covering high to moderately low loads, and results compared with available experimental data. A verification study was performed for one advance coefficient ( ) on four grids and three time step sizes. The effect of the turbulence model on the wake was evaluated at comparing results with RANS, DES, DDES, and with no turbulence model showing that RANS overly dissipates the wake and that in the solution with no turbulence model the tip vortices quickly become unphysically unstable. Tip vortex pairing is observed and described for revealing multiple vortices merging for higher loads. The wake velocities are compared against experimental data for showing good agreement. Self-propulsion computations of the DARPA Suboff generic submarine hull fitted with sail, rudders, stern planes, and the E1619 propeller were performed in model scale and the resulting propeller performance analyzed.
Full-field measurements for the mechanics of micrometer-sized structures

As micromachined commercial products with mechanical features today exploit only the integration capabilities microfabrication technologies allow (for mass-production of reliable products), there is room for innovative products making the most of micrometer-sized objects, which are very specific from the mechanical point of view for two reasons: - Their surface/volume ratio is much larger than for the objects mechanical engineers are used to deal with. The consequence is that strong surface couplings have been evidenced, translating changes in the (electro-) chemical environment into mechanical deformation. - the geometric margins (compared to the dimensions) and the material homogeneity resulting from the usual processing techniques are very poor. As a consequence, studying the mechanical behavior of micrometer-sized objects requires to overcome two main barriers: - To identify material constitutive laws at the micrometer scale and to quantify the role of the environment on the behavior; - To model chemo-mechanical couplings when materials are heterogeneous and structures are poorly defined. Moving forward along these two lines requires the development of a dedicated instrumentation and the use of identification techniques suited both to the available experimental data and to the proposed mechanical descriptions. As a consequence: - The full-field measurements techniques proposed within the last few years for the mechanical characterization at the micrometer scale are presented, and the various extensions of scanning microdeformation microscopy toward a quantitative local characterization of anisotropic thin-film materials are detailed. - The various experimental tools developed to measure and control chemo-mechanical surface couplings are first described, and two proposed frameworks for modeling these surface couplings (based on asymptotic analysis and on second-strain gradient elasticity) are detailed.
Presumptive Intramuscular Hemangioma of the Masseter Muscle

Patient: Male, 34 Final Diagnosis: Intramuscular hemangioma of the masseter muscle Symptoms: Swelling over parotid region Medication: — Clinical Procedure: Clinical-Radiological work-up Specialty: Radiology Objective: Rare disease Background: Hemangioma is a benign vascular proliferation. Intramuscular hemangiomas are rare, accounting for less than 1% of all hemangiomas, and occur normally in the trunk and extremities. Approximately 10–20% of intramuscular hemangiomas are found in the head and neck region, most often in the masseter muscles. The typical clinical characteristic is a painful soft tissue mass without cutaneous changes. Currently, MRI is the standard imaging technique for diagnosing soft-tissue hemangioma. The optimal management is the surgical resection. Case Report: We report a case of 34-year-old male patient consulted for a swelling of 1 year evolution, around the parotid region. On physical examination, a soft, well-contoured lesion of about 2 cm on its long axis was found. MRI showed a space-occupying lesion in the left masseter muscle, with intermediate signal intensity on T1-weighted images and hyperignal intensity on T2-weighted images, containing nodular hypointense foci corresponding to calcification. The presumptive diagnosis of an intramasseteric hemangioma with phlebolith was made based on these findings. The patient was informed about her condition, and treatment options were discussed; however, the patient elected to forgo treatment at that time. Conclusions: The possibility of an IMH should be included in the differential diagnosis of any intra-masseteric lesion. The appropriate radiologic examinations especially MRI can enhance accurate preoperative diagnosis; the treatment of choice should be individualized in view of the clinical status of the patient.
An Improved Archaeology Algorithm Based on Integrated Multi-Source Biological Information for Yeast Protein Interaction Network

With the development of high-throughput interaction detection techniques such as tandem affinity purification (TAP) and yeast two-hybrid (Y2H), the available genome-wide protein–protein interactions (PPIs) data have been increasing in recent years. Using mathematical, physical, and artificial-intelligence methods, some researchers in computational biology focused on uncovering the evolutionary ages of proteins according to present PPI networks (PINs), but improving their accuracy was challenging. A plausible explanation is that they solved biological problems with non-biological techniques and did not provide much attention to biological backgrounds and meanings of proteins or their relationships. In this paper, we propose two ways to improve the accuracy of age predicting and skillfully “embedding” multi-source biological information in each iteration of an archaeology algorithm for yeast PIN. On the one hand, we reduce the probability of reversing errors by decreasing the non-duplication protein pairs, which are obtained from 460 gene trees constructed by means of a multiple sequence alignment and the neighbor joining algorithm. On the other hand, the reliable crossover standard from different biological information sources can decrease local random errors of alternative treatment. The application of the novel algorithm to simulation data and real yeast PINs shows a marked improvement in accuracy. Our research strongly suggests that putting non-biological methods into the “biological context” will bear more favorable results.
Modulated electromechanics: large enhancements of nonlinearities

It is well-known that the nonlinear coupling between a mechanical oscillator and a superconducting resonator or optical cavity can be used to generate a Kerr-nonlinearity for the cavity mode. We show that the strength of this Kerr-nonlinearity, as well as the effect of the photon-pressure force can be enormously increased by modulating the strength of the nonlinear coupling. We describe an electromechanical circuit where this enhancement could be readily realized.
Image counter-forensics based on feature injection

Starting from the concept that many image forensic tools are based on the detection of some features revealing a particular aspect of the history of an image, in this work we model the counter-forensic attack as the injection of a specific fake feature pointing to the same history of an authentic reference image. We propose a general attack strategy that does not rely on a specific detector structure. Given a source image x and a target image y, the adversary processes x in the pixel domain producing an attacked image ~x, perceptually similar to x, whose feature f(~x) is as close as possible to f(y) computed on y. Our proposed counter-forensic attack consists in the constrained minimization of the feature distance Φ(z) =│ f(z) - f(y)│ through iterative methods based on gradient descent. To solve the intrinsic limit due to the numerical estimation of the gradient on large images, we propose the application of a feature decomposition process, that allows the problem to be reduced into many subproblems on the blocks the image is partitioned into. The proposed strategy has been tested by attacking three different features and its performance has been compared to state-of-the-art counter-forensic methods.
Data Locality Analysis of the SPECfp 95

This paper presents a detailed analysis of the locality exhibited by the SPECfp95 benchmark suite. This study is performed by means of a tool that is based on a static analysis enhanced by a simple profiling. This new approach results in a fast, accurate and flexible data locality analysis tool. It is fast because its run-time overhead is almost negligible , having a slowdown of 0.05. Besides, a single run of a benchmark can provide information for a variety of cache configurations. The tool is accurate because the information that is unknown at compile time is obtained by a profiling step. Finally, the tool is very flexible in the sense that it can provide many different statistics about the locality exhibited by programs and it can evaluate a variety of cache architectures.
Enhancing the component reusability in data-intensive business programs through interface separation

Visual development environments have provided good support in the reuse of graphical user interface, report and query generation, and simpler database retrieval and updating. However, many commonly used components for computation and database processing and updating are still required to be repeatedly designed and developed. The main problem is that current methods do not support the separation of component interface from a component. Component interface is not an intrinsic property of the component. Incorporating it into the component affects the reusability of the component adversely. A program representation is proposed in this paper to address the problem. The representation enhances the reusability of a component through separating the component interface front the component.
An efficient pixel-wise method for moving object detection in complex scenes

Moving object detection is often one of the most basic and important stages in computer vision applications. In this paper, a novel background model is proposed to extract moving foreground objects from videos that may contain different kinds of disturbance such as illumination changes, camera parameter variations, noises and dynamic backgrounds, etc. For each frame, a local frequency response map is generated using short-term Fourier transformation (STFT) in local regions, and by extracting the relations among neighborhoods of the response map, a compact pixel feature is introduced as local frequency pattern. Then, an adaptive probabilistic estimation of pixel feature sequence modified from kernel density estimation is performed to estimate the probability of a pixel being background. Experimental evaluations on complex scenes of surveillance videos demonstrate that the proposed method has archived satisfactory results.
Calcium Signaling in Dendritic Spines

Calcium (Ca 2þ) is a ubiquitous signaling molecule that accumulates in the cytoplasm in response to diverse classes of stimuli and, in turn, regulates many aspects of cell function. In neurons, Ca 2þ influx in response to action potentials or synaptic stimulation triggers neu-rotransmitter release, modulates ion channels, induces synaptic plasticity, and activates transcription. In this article, we discuss the factors that regulate Ca 2þ signaling in mammalian neurons with a particular focus on Ca 2þ signaling within dendritic spines. This includes consideration of the routes of entry and exit of Ca 2þ , the cellular mechanisms that establish the temporal and spatial profile of Ca 2þ signaling, and the biophysical criteria that determine which downstream signals are activated when Ca 2þ accumulates in a spine. Furthermore, we also briefly discuss the technical advances that made possible the quantitative study of Ca 2þ signaling in dendritic spines. F or many neurons in the mammalian brain, the postsynaptic terminal of an excitatory synapse is found in a specialized structure protruding from the dendritic shaft, known as a dendritic spine (Fig. 1). The structure of the classic mushroom-shaped dendritic spine, in which a bulbous head (diameter 0.5 mm) is separated from the parent dendritic shaft by a thin neck (length 0.5 mm, diameter 0.1 mm), suggests that it creates an isolated signal-ing compartment in which the machinery necessary to read out and regulate the activity of one synapse can operate independently of that associated with a neighboring synapse. Indeed, many studies have shown that the spine neck provides a significant barrier to diffusion that allows compartmentalization of biochemical and electrical signals in the spine head (Yuste The generalizability of these conclusions to non-mushroom spines (see Harris and Wein-berg 2012), such as those with no discernible neck (stubby spines) or those with a long neck and small head (thin spines), is still unclear. The best-studied, synaptically evoked biochemical signal that accumulates in active spines is intracellular calcium (Ca 2þ) (for review, see Sabatini et al. 2001; Bloodgood and Sabatini 2007a; Higley and Sabatini 2008). In pyramidal neurons of the neocortex and hippocampus, synaptic activation of NMDA-type glutamate
Approximate Truth Discovery via Problem Scale Reduction

Many real-world applications rely on multiple data sources to provide information on their interested items. Due to the noises and uncertainty in data, given a specific item, the information from different sources may conflict. To make reliable decisions based on these data, it is important to identify the trustworthy information by resolving these conflicts, i.e., the truth discovery problem. Current solutions to this problem detect the veracity of each value jointly with the reliability of each source for each data item. In this way, the efficiency of truth discovery is strictly confined by the problem scale, which in turn limits truth discovery algorithms from being applicable on a large scale. To address this issue, we propose an approximate truth discovery approach, which divides sources and values into groups according to a user-specified approximation criterion. The groups are then used for efficient inter-value influence computation to improve the accuracy. Our approach is applicable to most existing truth discovery algorithms. Experiments on real-world datasets show that our approach improves the efficiency compared to existing algorithms while achieving similar or even better accuracy. The scalability is further demonstrated by experiments on large synthetic datasets.
The Role of Pelvic and Perineal Muscles in Reproductive and Excretory Functions

Excretory and reproductive functions are underlaid by autonomicand somatic-neural control that regulates the pelvic and the perineal structures in mammals. Viscera and striated and smooth muscles are involved in complex and multiple reflexes occurring in the pelvic cavity (Komisaruk and Sansone, 2003; Pacheco et al., 1989; Thor and de Groat, 2010). In women, this region must accommodate the growing fetus during pregnancy and the passage of the newborn during childbirth (Ashton-Miller & DeLancey, 2007). For this to occur, the fetal head has to undergo a series of internal translations and rotations, aided by the maternal effort in the form of active pushing and uterine contraction (Li et al., 2010). Functions, such as urination and defecation, are also regulated by the different autonomic and somatic reflexes of the pelvic cavity. During pregnancy and parturition, the fetal weight, translations, and rotations on pelvic structures, such as pelvic and perineal floor muscles, cause injury to the components of the pelvic reflexes (Kearney, 2006; Lanzarone & Dietz, 2008). This has been associated with visceral disorders, such as pelvic-organ prolapse and urinary and fecal incontinence (Ashton-Miller & DeLancey, 2007; Smith et al., 1989). One of the techniques frequently used to evaluate the participation of pelvic and perineal muscles during normal and pathological functions is electromyography. The electromyographic (EMG) recordings are extremely useful to evaluate the participation of pelvic and perineal muscles during the normal and pathological functions of this female anatomy. The goal of our chapter is to review the literature of the activity of pelvic and perineal muscles and the several viscerosomatic reflexes involved in sexual response and urination in female mammals. Measurements of the pelvicand perineal-muscle EMGs in laboratory rabbits, focusing on methods and results, and the alterations of their activity associated with dysfunctions, particularly with urinary incontinence, will be also reviewed.
Assessment of a hydrated sodium calcium aluminosilicate agent and antioxidant blend for mitigation of aflatoxin-induced physiological alterations in pigs

Materials and methods: Ninety pigs (9.42 ± 0.05 kg) were used in a study with five dietary treatments: an uncontaminated control diet with no additives and four similar diets that were contaminated with 500 ng per g aflatoxin B1 (AB1) and supplemented with no additive, with 0.5% HSCAS, with an antioxidant preparation providing 125 mg per kg of ethoxyquin and 10 mg per kg of TBHQ, or with both HSCAS and the antioxidant preparation.
Explicit neural signals reflecting reward uncertainty

The acknowledged importance of uncertainty in economic decision making has stimulated the search for neural signals that could influence learning and inform decision mechanisms. Current views distinguish two forms of uncertainty, namely risk and ambiguity, depending on whether the probability distributions of outcomes are known or unknown. Behavioural neurophysiological studies on dopamine neurons revealed a risk signal, which covaried with the standard deviation or variance of the magnitude of juice rewards and occurred separately from reward value coding. Human imaging studies identified similarly distinct risk signals for monetary rewards in the striatum and orbitofrontal cortex (OFC), thus fulfilling a requirement for the mean variance approach of economic decision theory. The orbitofrontal risk signal covaried with individual risk attitudes, possibly explaining individual differences in risk perception and risky decision making. Ambiguous gambles with incomplete probabilistic information induced stronger brain signals than risky gambles in OFC and amygdala, suggesting that the brain's reward system signals the partial lack of information. The brain can use the uncertainty signals to assess the uncertainty of rewards, influence learning, modulate the value of uncertain rewards and make appropriate behavioural choices between only partly known options.
Integration Technology Adoption in Healthcare Organisations: A Case for Enterprise Application Integration

A continuous technological innovation in software has brought development in integration technologies that promise the real time enterprise-wide systems integration. Healthcare organisations continue to struggle with integration challenges. However, much confusion regarding the adoption of integration technologies still remains. To provide a clear perspective about integration technologies, a discussion is presented on these technologies such as Electronic Data Interchange (EDI), Enterprise Application Integration (EAI) and Web Services. EAI has emerged to provide significant benefits to organisations. From a technical perspective, EAI addresses integration problems at all integration levels (e.g. data level and process level) by providing a flexible and manageable IT infrastructure. From a business perspective EAI reduces the overall integration cost due to the reduction in integration time and maintenance cost. This paper attempts to present the advantages and disadvantages of these technologies. Furthermore, a comparative analysis of these technologies is presented. Thus, it can facilitate to healthcare organisations decision-makers during the adoption of integration technologies.
Interprocedural dataflow analysis in an executable optimizer

Interprocedural dataflow information enables link-time and post-link-time optimizers to perform analyses and code transformations that are not possible in a traditional compiler. This paper describes the interprocedural dataflow analysis techniques used by Spike, a post-linktime optimizer for Alpha/NT executables. Spike uses dataflow analysis to summarize the register definitions, uses, and kills that occur external to each routine, allowing Spike to perform a variety of optimizations that require interprocedural dataflow information. Because Spike is designed to optimize large PC applications, the time required to perform interprocedural dataflow analysis could potentially be unacceptably long, limiting Spike's effectiveness and applicability. To decrease dataflow analysis time, Spike uses a compact representation of a program's intraprocedural and interprocedural control flow that efficiently summarizes the register definitions and uses that occur in the program. Experimental results are presented for the SPEC95 integer benchmarks and eight large PC applications. The results show that the compact representation allows Spike to compute interprocedural dataflow information in less than 2 seconds for each of the SPEC95 integer benchmarks. Even for the largest PC application containing over 1.7 million instructions in 340 thousand basic blocks, interprocedural dataflow analysis requires just 12 seconds.
A comparison of personality characteristics, family relationships, and drug-taking behavior in low and high socioeconomic status adolescents who are drug abusers.

Low socioeconomic status (SES) and high SES adolescents who met the DSM-III criteria for drug abuse were compared with respect to personality characteristics, family relationships, and drug-taking behavior. SES was determined by parents' income, education, and occupation. The two groups did not differ significantly with respect to self-esteem, quality of family relationships, impulse control, moral development, and drug-taking behavior. However, high SES adolescents were more depressed (p less than .009) and more anxious (p less than .02) than low SES adolescents, and these findings lent support to the argument that low and high SES drug abusers differ in personality and therefore require different kinds of treatment interventions.
Distance geometry generates native‐like folds for small helical proteins using the consensus distances of predicted protein structures

For successful ab initio protein structure prediction, a method is needed to identify native‐like structures from a set containing both native and non‐native protein‐like conformations. In this regard, the use of distance geometry has shown promise when accurate inter‐residue distances are available. We describe a method by which distance geometry restraints are culled from sets of 500 protein‐like conformations for four small helical proteins generated by the method of Simons et al. (1997). A consensus‐based approach was applied in which every inter‐Cα distance was measured, and the most frequently occurring distances were used as input restraints for distance geometry. For each protein, a structure with lower coordinate root‐mean‐square (RMS) error than the mean of the original set was constructed; in three cases the topology of the fold resembled that of the native protein. When the fold sets were filtered for the best scoring conformations with respect to an all‐atom knowledge‐based scoring function, the remaining subset of 50 structures yielded restraints of higher accuracy. A second round of distance geometry using these restraints resulted in an average coordinate RMS error of 4.38 Å.