Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Predicting Visual Saliency and Saccade Probability

Continually throughout the day, the brain must process incoming visual signals and transform them into appropriate actions, namely saccadic eye movements to the most behaviorally salient stimuli. The overarching problem that we address is how to use visual information to predict the parts of a scene that are most salient, and more specifically, to predict the targets of saccadic eye movements. Predicting the targets of saccades is a difficult problem for several reasons. First, there are many different cognitive influences on the saliency of a visual object. For example, a set of keys sitting on a desk might go overlooked when scanning the scene for a coffee mug, but will immediately draw the gaze of a viewer who has been locked out of the next room. Secondly, the saliency of a target is historyand state-dependent: a nearby object will often be targeted by a saccade over a more salient, but more distant, alternative. Finally, although repeated viewings of the same visual stimuli are necessary for data collection and proper analyses, saliency changes as objects become more familiar.
Causal Attributions and Anticipated Future Performance

Causal attributions for performance in an introductory psychology course were examined with respect to students' es- timates of the number of psychology courses to be taken in future. Attributions to ability were more negatively correlated with the likelihood of future performance for unsuccessful stu- dents (receiving a final grade of C or less) than for successful (A or B) students. In addition, unsuccessful students tended to say that they had worked less, the more they anticipated future performance, while successful students said they had worked more, the more they anticipated future performance. Results were interpreted in terms of the "controllability" of the two causal factors, effort and ability.
Computational DNA binding studies of (–)-epigallocatechin-3-gallate

The catechin family of molecules that are present in the leaves of green tea has been under investigation since the antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties of tea were discovered. Among multiple proposed therapeutic targets of these molecules, the direct interaction with nucleic acids has been proposed and experimentally observed but without clear knowledge about the potential binding modes between these ligands and DNA. One of these catechin structures, (–)-epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG), has three aromatic rings that could interact with double-stranded DNA via terminal base-pair stacking, intercalation, or through groove binding. Using enhanced sampling techniques and molecular dynamics simulations, we have found a stable complex between the EGCG ligand and DNA through intercalation of the trihydroxybenzoate aromatic ring and an ApC step. Moreover, we have calculated the absorption spectra of four possible binding modes and compared these to absorption profiles reported in the literature, and explored the possible DNA sequence preference for the EGCG ligand to bind. Our results suggest that an intercalative mode of interaction through the major groove is possible between the EGCG ligands and DNA with apparently very little DNA sequence selectivity.
Private Security: Implications for Social Control

Private security has become a pervasive feature of modern North American policing, both because of its rapid growth since 1960 and because it has invaded the traditional domain of the public police. Because this development has been viewed as an addendum to the criminal justice system, its significance for social control has not been recognized. This paper traces the development of private security in Canada and the United States since 1960, examines the reasons for its present pervasiveness, and explores its essential features: it is non- specialized, victimoriented, and relies on organizational resources as sanctions. We conclude that private security is having a major impact on the nature of social control.
Three level dual Buck half bridge inverter

Three level dual Buck half bridge inverter topologies, especially the coupled-inductance dual Buck inverter, are presented. Dual Buck inverter is a new configuration which has the characteristics of high frequency and efficiency. However the output of the bridge is in bi-polarity PWM waveform and the voltage stress is high. To overcome those problems, three level combined switches are adopted to replace the parts of a dual Buck inverter. Then we obtain some new topologies which have uni-polarity PWM waveforms output, and voltage stress is low. Two inductances of these inverters can be coupled together, and then the bridge voltage can be clamped, the filter size of the new inverter is reduced too. Provided experiment verifies those analysis.
D ec 2 00 4 Spin ( 7 ) structures in eleven dimensions

We derive, for spacetimes admitting a Spin(7) structure, the general local bosonic solution of the Killing spinor equation of eleven dimensional supergravity. The metric, four form and Killing spinors are determined explicitly, up to an arbitrary eight-manifold of Spin(7) holonomy. It is sufficient to impose the Bianchi identity and one particular component of the four form field equation to ensure that the solution of the Killing spinor equation also satisfies all the field equations, and we give these conditions explicitly.
Full-Duplex Relay for Enhancing Physical Layer Security in Multi-Hop Relaying Systems

In this letter, we consider secure communications in multi-hop relaying systems, where full-duplex relays (FDRs) operate to enhance wireless physical layer security. Each FDR is designed to transmit jamming signals to the eavesdropper when it receives information signals from the previous adjacent node. The achievable secrecy rate with the proposed decode-and-forward (DF) FDRs are analyzed with a total transmit power constraint. The transmit power allocation problem is solved by using the geometric programming (GP) method. Numerical results present that the proposed FDRs significantly enhance the secrecy rate compared to the conventional half-duplex relays (HDRs).
Faculty Grassroots Leadership in Science Education Reform: Considerations for Institutional Change, Culture, and Context

A multi-institution project was implemented with the goal of improving science education through redesigned courses, inquiry-oriented pedagogy, and outreach to public schools. We examined the nature of faculty grassroots leadership in science education reform in the four main higher-education partners of the project: a community college, a master’s level university, and two different research universities. The main focus of the study was the interplay and role of top-down leaders in positions of authority (typically administrators) versus grassroots leadership among faculty and how these two converge and interplay to create organizational change. The convergence of bottom-up and top-down leadership is affected by institutional culture and context. Cross-comparative findings from the four cases are presented, including the context for change in each case, the role of administrative leadership on each campus, factors that either facilitated or hindered the emergence of faculty grassroots leadership, and the institutionalization and sustainability of these reforms. We then address the broader implications of the study with respect to understanding how grassroots leadership and traditional forms of authority and leadership can complement each other and facilitate organizational change. We contend that faculty grassroots leadership emerges on different campuses when there is sensitivity to the contextual differences. In particular, some attention needs to be given to the campus culture and the nature of faculty interactions at that site. The context for change at each institution and the role of administrative leadership and support shaped the conditions under which faculty grassroots leadership had emerged and, ultimately, the degree to which it was sustained over time. In addition, the faculty ownership of this project was essential to its success because, ultimately, the faculty needed to embrace the goals of curricular redesign and inquiry-oriented pedagogy for the desired institutional changes to be sustained.
Work engagement and financial returns: A diary study on the role of job and personal resources

This study investigates how daily fluctuations in job resources (autonomy, coaching, and team climate) are related to employees' levels of personal resources (self-efficacy, self-esteem, and optimism), work engagement, and financial returns. Forty-two employees working in three branches of a fast-food company completed a questionnaire and a diary booklet over 5 consecutive workdays. Consistent with hypotheses, multi-level analyses revealed that day-level job resources had an effect on work engagement through day-level personal resources, after controlling for general levels of personal resources and engagement. Day-level coaching had a direct positive relationship with day-level work engagement, which, in-turn, predicted daily financial returns. Additionally, previous days' coaching had a positive, lagged effect on next days' work engagement (through next days' optimism), and on next days' financial returns.
Local School Boards Under Review: Their Role and Effectiveness in Relation to Students’ Academic Achievement

Local school boards have traditionally governed public education in the United States but have seldom been the focus of empirical research. This article provides a review of literature published in the past two decades on the role and effectiveness of local school boards, specifically with respect to school boards’ influence on students’ academic achievement. First, a brief history of school boards is presented. Second, their current status is described. Next, school board and educational governance reforms are examined. Then characteristics of effective school boards that experts have identified are delineated. The final section is devoted to discussion of research limitations and future directions.
PREVALENCE OF PSYCHIATRIC DISORDERS AND TYPES OF PERSONALITY IN FERTILE AND INFERTILE WOMEN

Introduction: It is estimated that about 10-15% of couples suffer from infertility worldwide, which is believed to be one of the most important life crises resulting in psychological problems and emotional stresses. This study examines the prevalence of psychiatric disorders and types of personality in fertile and infertile women referring to Vali-e-Asr Reproductive Health Research Center. Materials and Methods: In this cross-sectional study, 150 infertile women from Vali-e-Asr Infertility Clinic and 150 fertile women from Imam Khomeini Hospitals Gynecologic Clinic were selected. Research tools included Symptom Checklist-90-Revised (SCL-90-R), Eysenck Personality Questionnaire (EPQ) and a structured researcher-devised questionnaire. Results: Noticeably, 44% of the infertile and 28.7% of fertile women were suffering from psychiatric disorders. The highest scores among infertile women upon SCL-90-R assessment were for paranoid ideation and depression, interpersonal sensitivity and the lowest scores were for psychoticism and phobic anxiety. Interpersonal sensitivity, depression, phobic anxiety, paranoid ideation and psychoticism scales were significantly more prevalent in infertile than fertile women (p<0.05). Additionally, emotionally unstable personality disorder was more prevalent among infertile than fertile women, based on Eysenck Personality Questionnaire (p<0.001). Conclusion: The higher prevalence of psychiatric disorders in infertile women demands serious psychological support and attention by the medical team. Developing a rapid and reliable screening instrument for identifying patients at greater need for psychological support and the inclusion of counseling and supportive psychotherapy in the general therapeutic framework of infertility are of great importance.
ASTROBLASTOMAS OF THE BRAIN 1

Seveixl years have now elapsed siiwe one of 1x8 worked out a classification of glioriias based on the pathological collection o f I)r. I I i i i~ey Cnnhiiig i l l ). Most of the groiilw therein proposetl have since been accepted by vai4onr autliors, but a fenr have been questioned (14). The present communication deals with one of these contested types of gliomas, nainely, those composed pretlominan t 1 y of as t i*oblas ts .
Membrane behavior of exocytic vesicles: II in fate of the trichocyst membranes in paramecium after induced trichocyst discharge

A specific exocytic process, the discharge of spindle trichocysts of paramecium caudatum was examined by means of the electron microscope. This exocytosis is induced by an electric shock simultaneously in nearly all of the trichocysts (ca. 6,000-8,0000 of a single cell. Single paramecia were subjected to the shock and then fixed at defined times after the shock so that the temporal sequence of the pattern of changes of the trichocyst membranes after exocytosis could be studied. The trichocyst vacuoles fuse with the plasma membrane only for that length of time required for expulsion to take place. After exocytosis, the membrane of the vacuole does not become incorporated into the plasma membrane; rather, the collapsed vacuole is pinched off and breaks up within the cytoplasm. The membrane vesiculates into small units which can no longer be distinguished from vesicles of the same dimensions that exist normally within the cell's cytoplasm. the entire process is completed within 5-10 min. These results differ from the incorporation of mucocyst membranes into the plasma membrane as proposed for tetrahymena.
Space, Politics, and the Survival Strategies of the Homeless

This article sheds conceptual and empirical light on the ways in which urban physical space and homelessness intersect by considering three focal questions: (a) What are the key spatial concepts necessary for understanding the relationship between urban space and homeless survival strategies and routines, (b) what are the central strategies used within communities to control the homeless spatially or ecologically, and (c) how do the homeless respond to these constraints and impositions? These questions are explored conceptually and empirically with data on spatial contestations drawn from the local newspapers of a southwestern city between 1992 and 1997. The findings illuminate the sociospatial dynamics of homelessness and underscore how a thoroughgoing understanding of the everyday routines and adaptive strategies of the homeless requires consideration of how different types of urban space affect the homeless and of the ways in which the homeless negotiate and respond to the spatial constraints with which they are confronted.
A Rare Anatomical Variation of the Brachial Plexus Characterized by the Absence of the Musculocutaneous Nerve

Article history: Received: 10 Nov 2012 Accepted: 5 Jan 2013 Available online: 26 May 2013 ZJRMS 2013; 15 (10): 74-77 Knowing of anatomical variations is very important during surgery, autopsy and cadaver dissection in the axillary region. In this study, a unilateral variation of the brachial nerve plexus, which is characterized by the absent of the musculocutaneous nerve (MCN), was found in the right arm of a male cadaver. The MCN normally originates from the lateral cord of the brachial nerve plexus and innervates the anterior brachial compartment muscles and lateral coetaneous of the forearm. In this case, the lateral cord of the brachial plexus was joined to the median nerve at the level of coracoid process with no evidence of any nerve braches from lateral cord to the anterior brachial compartment muscles. These muscles were innervated from some branches of median nerve directly4T. 4T Copyright © 2013 Zahedan University of Medical Sciences. All rights reserved.
An analysis of electronic health record–related patient safety incidents

The aim of this study was to analyse electronic health record–related patient safety incidents in the patient safety incident reporting database in fully digital hospitals in Finland. We compare Finnish data to similar international data and discuss their content with regard to the literature. We analysed the types of electronic health record–related patient safety incidents that occurred at 23 hospitals during a 2-year period. A procedure of taxonomy mapping served to allow comparisons. This study represents a rare examination of patient safety risks in a fully digital environment. The proportion of electronic health record–related incidents was markedly higher in our study than in previous studies with similar data. Human–computer interaction problems were the most frequently reported. The results show the possibility of error arising from the complex interaction between clinicians and computers.
New medication adherence scale versus pharmacy fill rates in seniors with hypertension.

OBJECTIVE To evaluate the association and concordance of the new 8-item self-report Morisky Medication Adherence Scale (MMAS) with pharmacy fill data in a sample of community-dwelling seniors with hypertension. STUDY DESIGN Cross-sectional study. METHODS Pharmacy records for antihypertensive medications were abstracted for 87 managed care adult patients with hypertension 65 years and older who completed a survey that included the MMAS. Continuous single-interval medication availability (CSA), medication possession ratio (MPR), and continuous multiple-interval medication gaps (CMG) were calculated using pharmacy data. The MMAS adherence was categorized as high, medium, and low (MMAS scores of 8, 6 to <8, and <6, respectively); pharmacy fill nonpersistence was defined as less than 0.8 for CSA and MPR and as greater than 0.2 for CMG. RESULTS Overall, 58%, 33%, and 9% of participants had high, medium, and low medication adherence, respectively, by the MMAS. After adjustment for demographics and in comparison to high adherers on the MMAS, patients with low MMAS adherence were 6.89 (95% confidence interval [CI], 2.48-19.10) times more likely to have nonpersistent pharmacy fill adherence by CSA and were 5.22 (95% CI, 1.88-14.50) times more likely to have nonpersistent pharmacy fill adherence by MPR. Concordance between the MMAS and CSA, MPR, and CMG was 75% or higher. CONCLUSIONS The MMAS is significantly associated with antihypertensive drug pharmacy refill adherence. Although further validation of the MMAS is needed, it may be useful in identifying low medication adherers in clinical settings.
Intensive Mentoring as a Way to Help Beginning Teachers Develop Balanced Instruction

This study examines the impact of intensive mentoring as an induction program component aimed at improving teacher quality in ways that link teaching to student engagement. The Atmosphere, Instruction/Content, Management, and Student Engagement (AIMS) measure of teaching practice, focused on a research-based conception of high-quality teaching known as effective balanced instruction, was used to measure the impact of the intervention. Using a matched comparison group design with 24 beginning teachers, the study tested the effects on teaching practice of intensive mentoring. Findings indicate that the improvement in the beginning teachers' AIMS scores from fall to spring was greater for the experimental group than for the comparison group of teachers.
The 12 Steps of Alcoholics Anonymous as an Adjunctive Treatmentfor Trauma Survivors: An Experimental Approach

Background and Method: The consequences of surviving trauma are complex, making it difficult to formulate a recovery and treatment plan. The most common defense mechanism, and the toughest one to work through, is denial. Throughout human history, lack of knowledge and non-acceptance of the perpetrators misdeeds has placed the suffering of survivors behind an armored wall, perpetuating traumatic effects. No recovery can occur behind this wall of forced silence, ignorance and lack of helpful resources. Over the last two decades, research has revealed the frequency of traumatic events, and their injurious effects on a survivor? s psyche. Mental health professionals have come to understand the connections between unresolved trauma and serious psychological problems. The role of spirituality in trauma recovery is often misunderstood and subsequently minimized. Trauma survivors usually have a difficult time experiencing their vulnerability and the attending feelings of having once been profoundly helpless and alone. The process of unearthing one? s memories and re-experiencing anguish requires the help of skilled, knowledgeable and spiritually grounded professionals who have done healing work on themselves. Interest and research on the healing effects of applying spiritual tools to the multi-layered consequences of trauma survival - including emotional pain, and interpersonal difficulties - has burgeoned. This is a case report discussing the efficacy of the 12 Steps of Alcoholics Anonymous to address and heal the root causes and conditions of dysfunctional behaviors, lack of meaning in life, and persistent psychic pain. Results: The primary outcome measure was the client? s self-report on improved affect regulation, reduced depression, decrease in maladaptive behaviors, decreased sense of helplessness and hopelessness, increased sense of personal accountability, meaning and purpose in life, and greater ability to modulate arousal; both physical and emotional.
Motivación, sobredotación y talento: un desafío para el éxito

Definitions about giftedness and talent involving motivation as a significant variable either in the genesis of giftedness or in the development of intellectual talent are analyzed. An analysis on the influence of motivation in successful achievers, underachievers, as well as in the socialemotional development of the gifted is presented. An update view of the goals achieved by Peru as a country, as well as the actual challenges that faces Peru in the development of giftedness and talent in multicultural and poverty conditions, at the conceptualization, identification, and program levels are presented. Moreover, an economic and viable project of advocacy on the development of giftedness in Peru within the regular educational system along Elementary, Secondary and College level is presented. Finally, conclusions and recommendations for the development of state policies in order to promote giftedness in Peru are presented.
Does disclosure matter? Integrating organizational learning and impression management theories to examine the impact of public disclosure following failures

The typically disparate literatures on organizational learning and impression management have both separately sought to examine how organizations respond following failure, with the former asking how organizations learn from these events and the latter investigating how organizations use public disclosures to manage perceptions following these events. This study integrates these perspectives to ask how disclosures might impact learning through failure. The study distinguishes between major and minor failures, asserting that public disclosures exert a distinct influence on learning through either form of experience. Related hypotheses are tested on failures arising within the US air-traffic control system. Although no support is obtained for predictions about major failures, the study finds that facilities can learn through minor failures but the process is impeded by public disclosures, suggesting the notable influence that these disclosures have over audiences’ perceptions of the organization or its role in these events. This approach addresses a longstanding tension regarding why some organizations learn more effectively than others by emphasizing how organizations shape interpretations of their experience.
Molybdenum cofactor biosynthesis in Escherichia coli mod and mog mutants

The molybdopterin content of Escherichia coli mod and mog mutants was estimated by conversion to the form A derivative. The results are in accord with complete phenotypic repair of mod, and incomplete repair of mog, by culture in high concentrations of molybdate. A possible role for Mog as a molybdochelatase is discussed.