Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The Family Meeting as a Mechanism of Family Governance: Review of the Experiences of Polish Family Companies

Purpose: The objective of the research was an assessment of the experiences of Polish owners of family companies in organizing family meetings as mechanisms of family governance as well as evaluating the usefulness of solutions developed in this sphere for both family and company. Methodology: The character of the conducted research was qualitative. The main technique used to gather data involved interviews. A total of thirty nine respondents from twenty companies were questioned. Nineteen were representatives of the older generation while twenty represented the younger second generation of owners of family businesses. Findings: Research results indicated the rather extensive use by the examined owner families of family meetings to discuss company matters. Depending on their needs, they developed various models ranging from the ad hoc bringing up of company matters to the transformation of such meetings into formal, family meetings of the management board organized in company offi ces. Regardless of organizational form, family meetings were an important forum for the exchange of information and views on the functioning of the company among family members. The experiences of the examined families of owners in building family governance systems, understood as a complex of structures and mechanisms making possible the maintenance of a balance between tensions stemming from economic and emotional ties among family members, both involved in the company and outside it, remain small. Research limitations: The qualitative character of the research, including the size of the examined sample (twenty family companies represented by thirty nine representatives), means that the generalizations made for the purposes of this study refer only to the experiences and opinions of the interviewed respondents. Originality: The research performed is the fi rst of its kind devoted to family meetings as a component of the system of family governance created in the family forum of owners of family companies. At present, questions of family governance subject to Polish conditions are not a popular research fi eld undertaken with respect to family companies. This is dictated by the current phase of development of most domestic family ventures, where no signifi cant diversifi cation of stakeholders on the family level has as yet occurred. However, this should in no way suggest that Polish family businesses are not acquiring their fi rst experiences in the sphere of family governance that, in the future, may prove useful in the forming of more complex structures.
Cyclin-Stimulated Binding of Cks Proteins to Cyclin-Dependent Kinases

ABSTRACT Although Cks proteins were the first identified binding partners of cyclin-dependent protein kinases (cdks), their cell cycle functions have remained unclear. To help elucidate the function of Cks proteins, we examined whether their binding to p34 cdc2 (the mitotic cdk) varies during the cell cycle in Xenopusegg extracts. We observed that binding of human CksHs2 to p34 cdc2 was stimulated by cyclin B. This stimulation was dependent on the activating phosphorylation of p34 cdc2 on Thr-161, which follows cyclin binding and is mediated by the cdk-activating kinase. Neither the inhibitory phosphorylations of p34 cdc2 nor the catalytic activity of p34 cdc2 was required for this stimulation. Stimulated binding of CksHs2 to another cdk, p33 cdk2 , required both cyclin A and activating phosphorylation. Our findings support recent models that suggest that Cks proteins target active forms of p34 cdc2 to substrates.
Monetary policy and endogenous time preference

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to derive the real implications of inflation targeting using optimizing models characterized by endogenous time preference. Design/methodology/approach – To ensure consistent consumption and savings behavior, the rate of time preference is modeled as an increasing function of real wealth. Findings – The results are not uniform and depend on the methods for modeling money in the general equilibrium framework; money in the utility function (MIU) and cash-in-advance constraints (CIA). With MIU, time preference wealth effects link the monetary and real sectors by endogenizing real interest rate. Monetary growth raises steady state capital and consumption by the Tobin effect. However, if money is introduced through CIA constraints, inflation policies are sensitive to the structure of the constraint itself. If the constraint applies to consumption and capital purchases, monetary growth lowers the steady state demand for both commodities and reverses the Tobin effect. If the constraint applies only to consumption goods, the same monetary policy is superneutral. This time preference specification has important advantages. It is consistent with the literature that integrates reinforcing wealth effects into aggregative models using ad-hoc consumption or savings functions. Allowing the rate of time preference to depend positively on real wealth implies that optimizing behavior, not ad-hoc specification yields wealth effects that endogenize the real interest rate and generate a Tobin effect. This time preference specification provides optimizing foundations for modeling savings as a decreasing function of real wealth, which is empirically verifiable and consistent with empirical predictions of consumption as an increasing function of real wealth. Originality/value – This paper demonstrates the different effects that monetary policy maintains on steady state capital, consumption and real balance holdings in economies characterized by an endogenous rate of time preference.
Economic status as a determinant of mortality among black and white older men: does poverty kill?

The evidence presented in this paper shows that differential mortality by economic status is strongly present in the United States today, and that this relationship is monotonic, with men's death rates being lower among the wealthier. Also, the greater the number of spells of poverty, the higher the death rate. These data suggest that differential mortality rates by economic status are being confused with the well-known ethnic differences in mortality. An implication of this paper, therefore, is that ethnic differences in mortality are, in large part, a consequence of poverty or permanent low income, as opposed to genotype. Consequently, it may be just as valid, or even more so, to publish mortality tables by income as by race. A policy implication of this paper is that the redistributive effects of longevity-based transfer systems, such as social security (public pensions), may be less ‘progressive’ than has been assumed, since would-be poorer recipients are either less likely to live long enough to coll.
The Financial Products, Accounting Information Disclosure and Financial Regulatory

In 2008, the world has experienced a financial crisis, which emanated from the core of the world's most advanced capital market, and holds back the global real economy in a short time. Financial product especially product innovations, the key thing for "Masters of the Universe", play an important role in crisis communication, and had caused wide public concern. July 2009，The Obama administration sent Congress its latest plan to spruce up the much maligned credit rating business in order to "increase transparency, tighten oversight and reduce reliance on credit rating agencies. " One thing the administration plan wouldn't do is restrict the practice of bond issuers paying for ratings -- a conflict of interest that some observers put at the center of the credit crisis. In This paper, I focus on the analysis of financial products transactions using the principal - agent model (Holmstrom & Milgrom, 1987). Financial transaction or investment poses a classic problem of asymmetric information with latent conflict of interest issues. Based on more information such as capital markets' earnings and stock price information, principal - agent contract could achieve optimal incentives for managers, and overcome harming the principals' benefits that caused by information asymmetry. Accounting information is cost-effective public information with widely concerned. We have noted the change of financial accounting in the financial crisis. But we must take a hard look at the change, accounting information should be helpful for investors not for elite group's aim or purpose to improve their investment performance. July 2009，The Obama administration sent Congress its latest plan to spruce up the much maligned credit rating business in order to "increase transparency, tighten oversight and reduce reliance on credit rating agencies. " One thing the administration plan wouldn't do is restrict the practice of bond issuers paying for ratings -- a conflict of interest that some observers put at the center of the credit crisis-This electronic document is a "live" template. The various components of your paper [title, text, heads, etc.] are already defined on the style sheet, as illustrated by the portions given in this document.
Electoral incentives, party discipline, and legislative organization: manipulating legislative committees to win elections and maintain party unity

Political parties are often faced with seemingly opposing goals when trying to secure members’ reelection and maintain party unity. On one hand, a party needs to fulfill members’ diverse electoral needs for their reelection, and on the other hand, the party must force members to vote in unison according to party lines for collective decisions. How does a party influence its members to take unified action while meeting their individual electoral needs? Through an analysis of the Japanese Diet, this study argues that parties attempt to achieve the reelection of their members and maintain party unity by manipulating legislative committee assignments and deliberations. In particular, the study demonstrates that a party shapes committees in a different way according to policy areas over which committees have jurisdiction. A party tends to accept its members’ requests for affiliation and allow their self-management in committees concerned with particularistic benefits so that they can deliver specific benefits to each electoral district. In addition, a party tends to assign members who have average policy positions in the party to committees concerned with general benefits to make policies that satisfy many constituencies.
Constructivist foundations of modeling - A Kantian perspective

By linking Knowledge Engineering to Kantian Philosophy, this paper attempts to elaborate a potential theoretical foundation for understanding the nature of expertise and the processes of modeling. The established way of modeling is criticized for presuming the relation between the real objective world and the AI software models being a ‘‘mapping’’ (abstraction, copy, representation, etc.) relation. The paper argues that this aspect of the foundations of modeling in Knowledge Engineering could be improved by employing the standpoint presented in Kant’s Critique of Pure Reason. Two hypotheses and ten principles of a constructivist modeling paradigm based on Kant’s work are proposed. The term Constructivist here refers to the hypothesis that a model cannot ‘‘correspond to’’ reality but merely be ‘‘viable in’’ (i.e., ‘‘fit into’’) reality.  1997 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Multifunctional Nanoparticles Delivering Small Interfering RNA and Doxorubicin Overcome Drug Resistance in Cancer*

Drug resistance is a major challenge to the effective treatment of cancer. We have developed two nanoparticle formulations, cationic liposome-polycation-DNA (LPD) and anionic liposome-polycation-DNA (LPD-II), for systemic co-delivery of doxorubicin (Dox) and a therapeutic small interfering RNA (siRNA) to multiple drug resistance (MDR) tumors. In this study, we have provided four strategies to overcome drug resistance. First, we formed the LPD nanoparticles with a guanidinium-containing cationic lipid, i.e. N,N-distearyl-N-methyl-N-2-(N′-arginyl) aminoethyl ammonium chloride, which can induce reactive oxygen species, down-regulate MDR transporter expression, and increase Dox uptake. Second, to block angiogenesis and increase drug penetration, we have further formulated LPD nanoparticles to co-deliver vascular endothelial growth factor siRNA and Dox. An enhanced Dox uptake and a therapeutic effect were observed when combined with vascular endothelial growth factor siRNA in the nanoparticles. Third, to avoid P-glycoprotein-mediated drug efflux, we further designed another delivery vehicle, LPD-II, which showed much higher entrapment efficiency of Dox than LPD. Finally, we delivered a therapeutic siRNA to inhibit MDR transporter. We demonstrated the first evidence of c-Myc siRNA delivered by the LPD-II nanoparticles down-regulating MDR expression and increasing Dox uptake in vivo. Three daily intravenous injections of therapeutic siRNA and Dox (1.2 mg/kg) co-formulated in either LPD or LPD-II nanoparticles showed a significant improvement in tumor growth inhibition. This study highlights a potential clinical use for the multifunctional nanoparticles with an effective delivery property and a function to overcome drug resistance in cancer. The activity and the toxicity of LPD- and LPD-II-mediated therapy are compared.
Determinants of successful technology commercialization: implication for Korean Government-sponsored SMEs

Technology commercialization is an essential step for profiting from technological innovation. The Korean Government has supported technology commercialization; however, previous studies have provided limited empirical evidence on the effect of government support. This study examines the various factors that influence the commercialization strategy and performance of firms. It also identifies the determinants of successful technology commercialization and effective government programmes for commercialization performance by analysing the performance of Korean Government-sponsored firms. The results show that the determinants influence commercialization by firms according to the firm size and the degree of Korean Government support. The appropriability, innovative capabilities and investment in external R&D have significantly positive impacts on SME commercialization. This study provides empirical evidence on the effects of government support and contributes to the formulation of commercialization strategies and improved SME commercialization policy for firms.
Domestic Audience Costs in International Relations: An Experimental Approach

What makes international threats credible? Recent theories point to domestic audience costs—the domestic price a leader would pay for making foreign threats and then backing down. This article provides the first direct evidence of audience costs. The analysis, based on experiments embedded in public opinion surveys, shows that audience costs exist across a wide range of conditions and increase with the level of escalation. The costs are evident throughout the population, and especially among politically active citizens who have the greatest potential to shape government policy. Finally, preliminary evidence suggests that audience costs arise because citizens care about the international reputation of the country or leader. These findings help identify how, and under what conditions, domestic audiences make commitments credible. At the same time, they demonstrate the promise of using experiments to answer previously intractable questions in the field of international relations.I thank Time-sharing Experiments for the Social Sciences (TESS), the National Science Foundation (CAREER Grant SES-0548285), and the Center for Advanced Study in the Behavioral Sciences for financial support. Colleagues at Knowledge Networks provided invaluable assistance in fielding the surveys. For helpful comments I am grateful to Jim Fearon, Page Fortna, John Freeman, Jon Krosnick, Skip Lupia, Helen Milner, Diana Mutz, Ken Scheve, Ken Schultz, Jas Sekhon, Alastair Smith, Paul Sniderman, Rob Van Houweling, Jonathan Wand, Jessica Weeks, and the anonymous referees. I also thank seminar participants at Berkeley, CASBS, Columbia, Duke, NYU, Rice, and Yale, and conference participations at the International Studies Association and the TESS meetings at the University of Pennsylvania.
Involvement of Reactive Oxygen Species in Apoptosis Induced by Pharmacological Inhibition of Protein Kinase CK2

It has been reported that inhibition of protein kinase CK2 (CK2) with antisense oligodeoxynucleotides (ODN) is a potent inducer of apoptosis in cancer cells but not in normal cells. In this regard, the apoptotic‐inducing effect is attributed to the catalytic activity of the enzyme, which phosphorylates proapoptotic proteins to inhibit their functions. In this study we investigate the role of intracellular redox status in the proapoptotic activity of CK2 inhibition in human leukemia Cem cells. We provide evidence that inhibition of CK2 activity induces apoptotic cell death as evident by activation of caspase 3, DNA fragmentation, and phosphatidylserine externalization. Inhibition of CK2 resulted in a significant increase in intracellular hydrogen peroxide production, which we show as a critical mediator of apoptosis. To that end, apoptotic hallmarks, like DNA fragmentation and phosphatidylserine externalization, were blocked with the specific hydrogen peroxide scavenger catalase. We also show that inhibition of CK2 reduces cytosolic intracellular superoxide, a precursor of hydrogen peroxide. In summary, decreasing CK2 activity increases intracellular hydrogen peroxide, creating an intracellular environment conducive for death execution. Taken together, these data provide information on novel pathways involved in CK2 biology with implications for effective tools against drug‐resistant tumors.
Low Back Pain and Pelvic Girdle Pain in Pregnancy

Pregnancy has a profound effect on the human body, particularly the musculoskeletal system. Hormonal changes cause ligamentous joint laxity, weight gain, and a shift in the center of gravity that leads to lumbar spine hyperlordosis and anterior tilting of the pelvis. In addition, vascular changes may lead to compromised metabolic supply in the low back. The most common musculoskeletal complaints in pregnancy are low back pain and/or pelvic girdle pain. They can be diagnosed and differentiated from each other by history taking, clinical examination, provocative test maneuvers, and imaging. Management ranges from conservative and pharmacologic measures to surgical treatment. Depending on the situation, and given the unique challenges pregnancy places on the human body and the special consideration that must be given to the fetus, an orthopaedic surgeon and the obstetrician may have to develop a plan of care together regarding labor and delivery or when surgical interventions are indicated.
Dispersion Controlling and Polarization Maintaining in a Modified Hexagonal Photonic Crystal Fiber

This paper presents a polarization maintaining modified hexagonal photonic crystal fiber (M-HPCF) with nearly zero ultra-flattened dispersion of 0plusmn0.35 ps/(nm-km) in the wavelength range between 1.397 mum and 1.675 mum, possessing extremely low confinement losses and birefringence of about 7.5times10-4 at lambda=1.55 mum.
Subjective Bayesian beliefs

A large literature suggests that many individuals do not apply Bayes’ Rule when making decisions that depend on them correctly pooling prior information and sample data. We replicate and extend a classic experimental study of Bayesian updating from psychology, employing the methods of experimental economics, with careful controls for the confounding effects of risk aversion. Our results show that risk aversion significantly alters inferences on deviations from Bayes’ Rule.
Full-Feedforward Schemes of Grid Voltages for a Three-Phase  $LCL$-Type Grid-Connected Inverter

This paper investigates the feedforward schemes of grid voltages for a three-phase LCL-type grid-connected inverter. The full-feedforward functions of grid voltages are derived for the stationary α- β frame, synchronous d - q frame, and decoupled synchronous d - q frame-controlled three-phase LCL-type grid-connected inverters. The derived full-feedforward functions mainly consist of three parts which are proportional, derivative, and second derivative parts. The use of the traditional proportional feedforward function in the three-phase LCL -type grid-connected inverter will result in the amplification of the high-frequency injected grid current harmonics. With the proposed full-feedforward schemes, the injected grid current harmonics and unbalance caused by grid voltages can be greatly reduced. The effectiveness of the proposed feedforward schemes is verified by the experimental results.
Detection of topics from newspaper and its analysis of temporal variations in regions

In the paper, we introduce a method of topic detection using topic model for Japanese newspaper and propose to visualize the time change of the detected topics. In the study, we detected topics from newspapers published by Mainichi Newspapers from 2010 to 2015. There are about six hundred articles (number of characters: about 300 million) in the text data. We performed to extracts nouns as characteristic words of the text. We characterized the text with a latent topic which is hidden in the text and can be detected by LDA (Latent Dirichlet Allocation) which is one of a topic model. There are very diverse topics including politics, sports, lotteries, Southeast Asian affairs, Japanese economics, academics, and so on. From them, we noticed earthquake topics and focused on them. In order to grasp the characteristics of the topic, we visualized the change of the frequency of the occurrence and the top words on a monthly basis. In order to calculate similarity between topics, we used cosine similarity in which the frequency of word occurrence per topic was used. Analyzing topics by region helps you to grasp the situation fluctuation in the region. If we investigate the posting position of the article and the topic variation, we can find out the importance of the topic or the article at that time.
New flavonoid and pentacyclic triterpene from Sesamum indicum leaves

Two new and one known compounds were isolated from the methanol extract of Sesamum indicum leaves. By means of spectroscopic methods, their structures were elucidated and identified to be 3-epibartogenic acid (1), kaempferol 3-O-[2-O-(trans-p-coumaroyl)-3-O-α-L-rhamnopyranosyl]-β-d-glucopyranoside (2) and epigallocatechin (3). Compound 1 and 3 strongly inhibited α-amylase with the IC50 values of 146.7 and 303.9 μM, respectively, in comparison with acarbose (IC50 124.0 μM).
Analysis of AC dispatchable microgrid during grid-connected and isolated modes transitions

This paper analyses operation mode transitions of a dispatchable microgrid based on Diesel gensets connected to back-to-back converter working as grid-supplying or grid-forming. A structure to determine the operation mode is based on abnormal frequency and grid voltage level and its dynamical behaviour is depicted. Besides, a smooth phase adjusting is designed to allow reconnection of grid utility without interruption. Considerations of current and voltage controllers applied in this AC microgrid are addressed. Simulation results are presented to show the effectiveness of proposed scheme, complying with clearing time and synchronization parameter limits recommended by IEEE Std. 1547-2003.