Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Examining the Relationship between Emotion Perception and Bullying: A Proposal

Bullying and aggressive behaviors have adverse effects on many children. Violent behavior among children occurs most commonly in the school setting and may lead to negative emotional outcomes later in life (Kub & Feldman, 2015). According to a study conducted by Baroncelli et al. (2014), boys who have been found to be high in aggression have a difficult time perceiving relevant social cues such as fear and anger. However, boys were prone to frequently identify happiness and fear in faces when a different emotion was expressed. For girls, Baroncelli and colleagues did not find any significant relationships. The purpose of this paper was to conceptually replicate the research of Baroncelli et al. (2014), which was originally done in Italy. For my study, I plan on using children in the United States to determine if the ability to perceive emotion predicts aggression. Participants will be recruited from Hyde Park Middle School in Las Vegas, Nevada and will consist of approximately 1,100 male and female students. The Aggression Scale (Orpinas & Frankowski, 2001) and the Diagnostic Analysis of Nonverbal Accuracy –2 (DANVA2; Nowicki, 2013; Nowicki & Duke, 1994) will be completed online and will take approximately 30 minutes to complete. In order to determine if there is a relationship between aggression and emotion perception, I will calculate the correlation between the DANVA and the Aggression Scale.
Prevalence of metabolic syndrome in elderly Japanese-Brazilians

Summary Background Prevalence of individuals with a high cardiovascular risk is elevated in elderly populations. Although metabolic syndrome (MS) increases cardiovascular risk, information is scarce on the prevalence of MS in the elderly. In this study we assessed MS prevalence in a population of elderly Japanese-Brazilians using different MS definitions according to waist circumference cutoff values. Material/Methods We studied 339 elderly subjects, 44.8% males, aged between 60 to 88 years (70.1±6.8). MS was defined according to criteria proposed by the Joint Interim Statement in 2009. As waist circumference cutoff point values remain controversial for Asian and Japanese populations, we employed 3 different cutoffs that are commonly used in Japanese epidemiological studies: 1) ≥90 cm for men and ≥80 cm for women; 2) ≥85 cm for men and ≥90 cm for women; 3) ≥85 cm for men and ≥80 cm for women. Results MS prevalence ranged from 59.9% to 65.8% according to the different definitions. We observed 90% concordance and no statistical difference (p>0.05) in MS prevalence between the 3 definitions. MS diagnosis according to all 3 cutoff values was found in 55.8% of our population, while in only 34.2% was MS discarded by all cutoffs. The prevalence of altered MS components was as follows: arterial blood pressure 82%, fasting glycemia 65.8%, triglyceride 43.4%, and HDL-C levels 36.9%. Conclusions Elderly Japanese-Brazilians present high metabolic syndrome prevalence independent of waist circumference cutoff values. Concordance between the 3 definitions is high, suggesting that all 3 cutoff values yield similar metabolic syndrome prevalence values in this population.
A Six-level SPWM Inverter for an Open-end Winding Induction Motor

A six-level inverter system for an open-end winding induction motor drive is presented in this paper. Multilevel inversion is achieved by feeding an open-end winding induction motor with a 3-level inverter from one end and a 2-level inverter from the other end of the motor. The 3level inverter used in the proposed drive, is realized by cascading two 2-level inverters. The combined inverter system with open-end winding induction motor produces voltage space phasor levels identical to a conventional 6-level inverter. In the multilevel carrier based sinusoidal pulse width modulation (spwm), used for the proposed drive, a progressive discrete DC bias depending upon the speed range is given to the reference wave so that the drive can operate in the k-level modes (k = 2, 3, . 6) depending on the speed range. The inverter with the higher DC-link voltage is switching less frequently, compared to the inverter with the lower DC-link voltage.
Finding the story: broader applicability of semantics and discourse for hypermedia generation

Generating hypermedia presentations requires processing constituent material into coherent, unified presentations. One large challenge is creating a generic process for producing hypermedia presentations from the semantics of potentially unfamiliar domains. The resulting presentations must both respect the underlying semantics and appear as coherent, plausible and, if possible, pleasant to the user. Among the related unsolved problems is the inclusion of discourse knowledge in the generation process. One potential approach is generating a discourse structure derived from generic processing of the underlying domain semantics, transforming this to a structured progression and then using this to steer the choice of hypermedia communicative devices used to convey the actual information in the resulting presentation.This paper presents the results of the first phase of the Topia project, which explored this approach. These results include an architecture for this more domain-independent processing of semantics and discourse into hypermedia presentations. We demonstrate this architecture with an implementation using Web standards and freely available technologies.
Application of Stochastic Fractal Search in order reduction of large scale LTI systems

Order reduction of large scale single-input single-output (SISO) linear time invariant (LTI) systems using stochastic fractal search (SFS) algorithm has been presented. Stochastic Fractal Search (SFS) is a metahuristic algorithm growth using the concept of fractal. SFS employs the diffusion property observed in random fractals to explore the search space. Stochastic rules like; Gaussian walks are used to change the iteration process to generate random fractals. Here, for order reduction of LTI system, SFS Algorithm is used. Integral square error (ISE) in between the transient responses of original higher order and reduced order system has been taken as an objective function, which has been minimized. The step and frequency responses of both low and high order systems have also been compared along with the transient response's parameters. A comparative study of ISE with the other existing techniques in the literature has also been given in the tabular form to show the superiority of the algorithm.
FAF-Drugs3: a web server for compound property calculation and chemical library design

Drug attrition late in preclinical or clinical development is a serious economic problem in the field of drug discovery. These problems can be linked, in part, to the quality of the compound collections used during the hit generation stage and to the selection of compounds undergoing optimization. Here, we present FAF-Drugs3, a web server that can be used for drug discovery and chemical biology projects to help in preparing compound libraries and to assist decision-making during the hit selection/lead optimization phase. Since it was first described in 2006, FAF-Drugs has been significantly modified. The tool now applies an enhanced structure curation procedure, can filter or analyze molecules with user-defined or eight predefined physicochemical filters as well as with several simple ADMET (absorption, distribution, metabolism, excretion and toxicity) rules. In addition, compounds can be filtered using an updated list of 154 hand-curated structural alerts while Pan Assay Interference compounds (PAINS) and other, generally unwanted groups are also investigated. FAF-Drugs3 offers access to user-friendly html result pages and the possibility to download all computed data. The server requires as input an SDF file of the compounds; it is open to all users and can be accessed without registration at http://fafdrugs3.mti. univ-paris-diderot.fr.
Legionella Pneumophila Transcriptome during Intracellular Multiplication in Human Macrophages

Legionella pneumophila is the causative agent of Legionnaires’ disease, an acute pulmonary infection. L. pneumophila is able to infect and multiply in both phagocytic protozoa, such as Acanthamoeba castellanii, and mammalian professional phagocytes. The best-known L. pneumophila virulence determinant is the Icm/Dot type IVB secretion system, which is used to translocate more than 150 effector proteins into host cells. While the transcriptional response of Legionella to the intracellular environment of A. castellanii has been investigated, much less is known about the Legionella transcriptional response inside human macrophages. In this study, the transcriptome of L. pneumophila was monitored during exponential and post-exponential phase in rich AYE broth as well as during infection of human cultured macrophages. This was accomplished with microarrays and an RNA amplification procedure called selective capture of transcribed sequences to detect small amounts of mRNA from low numbers of intracellular bacteria. Among the genes induced intracellularly are those involved in amino acid biosynthetic pathways leading to l-arginine, l-histidine, and l-proline as well as many transport systems involved in amino acid and iron uptake. Genes involved in catabolism of glycerol are also induced during intracellular growth, suggesting that glycerol could be used as a carbon source. The genes encoding the Icm/Dot system are not differentially expressed inside cells compared to control bacteria grown in rich broth, but the genes encoding several translocated effectors are strongly induced. Moreover, we used the transcriptome data to predict previously unrecognized Icm/Dot effector genes based on their expression pattern and confirmed translocation for three candidates. This study provides a comprehensive view of how L. pneumophila responds to the human macrophage intracellular environment.
Berry Phenolics: Antimicrobial Properties and Mechanisms of Action Against Severe Human Pathogens

Abstract: Antimicrobial activity and mechanisms of phenolic extracts of 12 Nordic berries were studied against selected human pathogenic microbes. The most sensitive bacteria on berry phenolics were Helicobacter pylori and Bacillus cereus. Campylobacter jejuni and Candida albicans were inhibited only with phenolic extracts of cloudberry, raspberry, and strawberry, which all were rich in ellagitannins. Cloudberry extract gave strong microbicidic effects on the basis of plate count with all studied strains. However, fluorescence staining of liquid cultures of virulent Salmonella showed viable cells not detectable by plate count adhering to cloudberry extract, whereas Staphylococcus aureus cells adhered to berry extracts were dead on the basis of their fluorescence and plate count. Phenolic extracts of cloudberry and raspberry disintegrated the outer membrane of examined Salmonella strains as indicated by 1-N-phenylnaphthylamine (NPN) uptake increase and analysis of liberation of [14C]galactose- lipopolysaccharide. Gallic acid effectively permeabilized the tested Salmonella strains, and significant increase in the NPN uptake was recorded. The stability of berry phenolics and their antimicrobial activity in berries stored frozen for a year were examined using Escherichia coli and nonvirulent Salmonella enterica sv. Typhimurium. The amount of phenolic compounds decreased in all berries, but their antimicrobial activity was not influenced accordingly. Cloudberry, in particular, showed constantly strong antimicrobial activity during the storage.
Imperative functional programs that explain their work

Program slicing provides explanations that illustrate how program outputs were produced from inputs. We build on an approach introduced in prior work, where dynamic slicing was defined for pure higher-order functional programs as a Galois connection between lattices of partial inputs and partial outputs. We extend this approach to imperative functional programs that combine higher-order programming with references and exceptions. We present proofs of correctness and optimality of our approach and a proof-of-concept implementation and experimental evaluation.
Left–right asymmetry in the alimentary canal of the Drosophila embryo

In many animal groups, left–right (LR) asymmetry within the body is observed. The left and right sides of the body are generally defined with reference to the anterior–posterior (AP) and dorsal–ventral (DV) axes. In this study, we investigated whether LR asymmetry is solely dependent on the AP and DV polarities in Drosophila embryos. We focused on the proventriculus, a posterior part of the foregut, and the hindgut because LR asymmetry in these body parts is highly stable in normal embryos. In embryos with a fully reversed AP polarity, LR asymmetry in both the proventriculus and the hindgut was re‐oriented in relation to the reversed AP polarity. This demonstrates that inversion of AP polarity does not affect LR asymmetry of these tissues, and implies that LR asymmetry is specified in relation to the AP and DV polarities. Our findings were not consistent with the alternative hypothesis that LR asymmetry is predetermined by maternal signals that localize asymmetrically along the LR axis in the oocyte and/or early embryo.
Chronic verapamil treatment attenuates the negative inotropic effect of ethanol in diabetic rat myocardium.

It is well established that cardiomyopathy is a consistent feature of diabetic myocardium and that alcohol consumption increases the risk of cardiovascular disease among diabetic subjects. The objective of this investigation was to determine whether acute or chronic verapamil treatment attenuates the negative inotropic effect of ethanol (EtOH) in the diabetic rat heart. Wistar rats were made diabetic with streptozotocin (55 mg/kg, iv). Left-ventricular papillary muscles, from normal and diabetic (8 weeks) rats, were superfused with Tyrode's solution at 30 degrees C while driven at 0.5 Hz. A subgroup of diabetic and normal animals received daily injections of verapamil (8 mg/kg, ip; 8 weeks), whereas muscles from untreated animals were exposed to verapamil (2 microM) in vitro. Peak tension developed (PTD), time to peak tension (TPT), time to 90% relaxation (RT90), and the maximum velocities of tension development (+VT) and decay (-VT) were determined in the absence and presence of clinically relevant concentrations of EtOH (80-240 mg/dL, i.e., 17.4-52.1 mM). Ethanol at 80 mg/dL reduced PTD, +VT, and -VT only in preparations from diabetic animals. Higher concentrations of EtOH (120-240 mg/dL) decreased PTD, TPT, +VT, and -VT. The negative inotropic effect of EtOH (240 mg/dL) was attenuated only in diabetic myocardium chronically treated with verapamil, whereas acute verapamil treatment potentiated the negative inotropic effect of EtOH in both normal and diabetic myocardium. Thus, chronic verapamil therapy diminishes the negative inotropic effect of EtOH in diabetic myocardium and acute verapamil treatment exaggerates it. (ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
The effectiveness of computer assisted pronunciation training for foreign language learning by children

This study investigates whether a computer assisted pronunciation training (CAPT) system can help young learners improve word-level pronunciation skills in English as a foreign language at a level comparable to that achieved through traditional teacher-led training. The pronunciation improvement of a group of learners of 11 years of age receiving teacher-fronted instruction was compared to that of a group receiving computer assisted pronunciation training by means of a system including an automatic speech recognition component. Results show that 1) pronunciation quality of isolated words improved significantly for both groups of subjects, and 2) both groups significantly improved in pronunciation quality of words that were considered particularly difficult to pronounce and that were likely to have been unknown to them prior to the training. Training with a computer-assisted pronunciation training system with a simple automatic speech recognition component can thus lead to short-term improvements in pronunciation that are comparable to those achieved by means of more traditional, teacher-led pronunciation training.
Disambiguating Homographous Prepositions and Verbal Particles In An Implemented Ontological Semantic Analyzer

The paper discusses the lexical description and runtime disambiguation of homographous prepositions and verbal particles in English using the Ontological Semantic (OntoSem) text processing environment. It describes the knowledge resources and processors that permit – in all but the most genuinely ambiguous of cases – an unambiguous text-meaning representation (TMR) to be created from input containing such multifunctional elements .
Preventable cases of autism: relationship between chronic infectious diseases and neurological outcome

There is evidence that chronic infections and the immune reactions associated with them may contribute to causing autism spectrum disorders. These infections include Babesia, Bartonella, Borrelia burgdorferi, Ehrlichia, Human herpesvirus-6, Chlamydia pneumoniae and Mycoplasma (in particular Mycoplasma fermentans). Maternal immune reactions to infections appear to adversely affect fetal brain development and possible pathophysiological mechanisms include both inflammatory cytokines, such as IL-6, and maternal autoantibodies to fetal neural tissue of the same kilodalton mass as those seen with B. burgdorferi and some other chronic infections. The timing of the infection and immune response is critical in determining the pathophysiology. It is advisable to evaluate women who are pregnant or planning on becoming pregnant for chronic infections, especially if they demonstrate symptoms of an infection or a systemic illness with persistent inflammatory symptoms. The mother and the newborn should be treated when .
Dictionary development workflow for MT: design and management

An important part of the development of any machine translation system is the creation of lexical resources. We describe an analysis of the dictionary development workflow and supporting tools currently in use and under development at Logos. This workflow identifies the component processes of: setting goals, locating and acquiring lexical resources, transforming the resources to a common format, classifying and routing entries for special processing, importing entries, and verifying their adequacy in translation. Our approach has been to emphasize the tools necessary to support increased automation and use of resources available in electronic formats, in the context of a systematic workflow design.
The DASH (Disabilities of the Arm, Shoulder and Hand) Outcome Measure: What do we know about it now?

Outcome measurement is an essential component for defining the effectiveness of clinicians’ practice (Reiman 1988) and standardised measures make that job more consistent, comparable and valid (Cole et al 1994). Hand therapists have long recognised the need for the standardisation of outcome measures, particularly for performance-based measures such as strength testing (Mathiowetz et al 1985, Woody et al 1988) or joint motion. More recently there has been an increased interest in outcome measures that capture the patient's perspective of their status, and that are standardised. The DASH (Disabilities of the Arm, Shoulder and Hand) is a standardised outcome measure that could be used for this purpose (Hudak et al 1996, McConnell et al 1999). The DASH reflects the impact of a disorder in terms of physical function and symptoms, which are the two main reasons patients seek care for a disorder of the musculoskeletal system. The DASH is becoming widely used by clinicians and researchers (McConnell et al 1999). It is now important to revisit what we know about how well the DASH is able to measure what it purports to measure. The purpose of this paper is to review the research that has been done to date on the DASH outcome measure, and to describe the implications of this for future research and for clinical practice.
Advancing the science of developmental neurotoxicity (DNT): testing for better safety evaluation.

test Guidelines OPPtS 8706300 on DNt (US ePA, 1998) and in 2007 the Organization for economic Cooperation and Development (OeCD) endorsed a new OeCD DNt test Guideline 426 (OeCD, 2007). these guidelines are largely based on animal studies and are used as higher tiered, triggered tests based on structure activity relationships or evidence of neurotoxicity in standard adult, developmental, or reproduction studies (Makris et al., 2009). experts at the conference stated that these in vivo tests are unsuitable for screening large numbers of chemicals for many reasons including low throughput, high cost, and questions regarding reliability. there was also consensus that new, reliable, and efficient screening and assessment tools are needed for better identification, prioritization, and evaluation of chemicals with the potential to induce developmental neurotoxicity. the information obtained from these screening studies will likely also help to refine animal tests and to inform epidemiological studies.
Plurisubharmonic Functions in Calibrated Geometries

In this paper we introduce and study the notion of plurisubharmonic functions in calibrated geometry. These functions generalize the classical plurisubharmonic functions from complex geometry and enjoy many of their important properties. Moreover, they exist in abundance whereas the corresponding pluriharmonics are generally quite scarce. A number of the results established in complex analysis via plurisubharmonic functions are extended to calibrated manifolds. This paper investigates, in depth, questions of: pseudo-convexity and cores, positive phi-currents, Duval-Sibony Duality, and boundaries of phi-submanifolds, all in the context of a general calibrated manifold (X,phi). Analogues of totally real submanifolds are used to construct enormous families of strictly phi-convex spaces with every topological type allowed by Morse Theory. Specific calibrations are used as examples throughout. Analogues of the Hodge Conjecture in calibrated geometry are considered.
Endothelial Progenitor Cells Promote Directional Three-Dimensional Endothelial Network Formation by Secreting Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor

Endothelial progenitor cell (EPC) transplantation induces the formation of new blood-vessel networks to supply nutrients and oxygen, and is feasible for the treatment of ischemia and cardiovascular diseases. However, the role of EPCs as a source of proangiogenic cytokines and consequent generators of an extracellular growth factor microenvironment in three-dimensional (3D) microvessel formation is not fully understood. We focused on the contribution of EPCs as a source of proangiogenic cytokines on 3D microvessel formation using an in vitro 3D network model. To create a 3D network model, EPCs isolated from rat bone marrow were sandwiched with double layers of collagen gel. Endothelial cells (ECs) were then cultured on top of the upper collagen gel layer. Quantitative analyses of EC network formation revealed that the length, number, and depth of the EC networks were significantly enhanced in a 3D model with ECs and EPCs compared to an EC monoculture. In addition, conditioned medium (CM) from the 3D model with ECs and EPCs promoted network formation compared to CM from an EC monoculture. We also confirmed that EPCs secreted vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF). However, networks cultured with the CM were shallow and did not penetrate the collagen gel in great depth. Therefore, we conclude that EPCs contribute to 3D network formation at least through indirect incorporation by generating a local VEGF gradient. These results suggest that the location of EPCs is important for controlling directional 3D network formation in the field of tissue engineering.