Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Intentional use of the Hawthorne effect to improve oral hygiene compliance in orthodontic patients.

The purpose of this study was to evaluate whether the home care of noncompliant adolescent orthodontic patients with "poor" oral hygiene could be improved through the use of a deception strategy designed to intentionally induce the Hawthorne effect. This effect is often cited as being responsible for oral health improvements of control groups that receive placebo treatments. It is thought that participating in and fulfilling the requirements of a study alters subjects' behavior, thereby contributing to the improvement. Forty patients with histories of poor oral hygiene were assigned, in a quasi-random fashion, to two groups. Experimental subjects (n = 20) were presented with a situation that simulated participation in an experiment. These included the use of a consent form; distribution of tubes of toothpaste labeled "experimental"; instructions to brush twice a day for two minutes using a timer; and a request to return unused toothpaste. Control subjects (n = 20) had no knowledge of study participation. Tooth surface area covered with plaque was used as a proxy measure of home care behavior. It was measured at baseline, three months, and six months. Mean percentages of tooth surface covered with plaque for the experimental and control groups were 71 (+/- 11.52) and 74 (+/- 11.46) at baseline; 54 (+/- 13.79) and 78 (+/- 12.18) at three months; and 52 (+/- 13.04) and 79 (+/- 10.76) at six months. No statistically significant difference (p > .05) was obtained between groups at baseline. Statistically significant differences (p < .05) were found between groups at three and six months. Significant differences (p < .05) were also found only for the experimental subjects between baseline and each of the two subsequent observation periods. The efficiency and potential effectiveness of this strategy suggest that additional research be conducted to assess oral health improvements and possible applications to the private practice setting.
Religion and a rights-based approach to development

This paper is concerned with the observation that rights-based approaches to development have tended to ignore the ways in which religion and culture shape understandings of human rights. Although religious traditions often act against the pursuit of human rights, there are also areas of overlap and consensus. The first part of the paper suggests that the absence of a research agenda within development studies on ‘religion and development’ has meant that a significant indigenous mechanism for pursuing rights has been overlooked. Drawing upon examples from India, the second part of my discussion then asks whether a language of social justice based upon the concept of duty is more appropriate than one based upon rights.
Drivers and Obstacles for Creating Sustainable Supply Chain Management and Operations

Environmental deterioration, growing concerns regarding climate change, and governmental rules and regulations introduced a relatively new concept to common industry practices: sustainable supply chain management. This study will explore how sustainability will be integrated into the supply chain processes using the triple bottom line approach. Introducing sustainability to the supply chain initiatives is a result of some key drivers. In addition to the drivers of sustainable supply chain, there are some obstacles that create challenges for proper integration of eco-friendly systems to the supply chain processes. In order to analyze the drivers and obstacles of environmentally benign supply chain practices, an industrial survey was conducted. According to the research supported by the survey responses, there are four major drivers that mainly contribute to the successful adoption of sustainability into existing supply chains. The results highlight the major drivers and barriers that medium sized businesses might face when making sustainable and ecological progress an actuality in their current supply chain operations.
Health geographies I: complexity theory and human health

This paper is the first of two linked progress reports on the application of ideas from complexity theory to health geography. In this paper we focus especially on research which seeks to explain variations in human health from a geographical perspective. We mainly discuss selected studies of geographies of human health which illustrate how ideas from complexity theory are applied empirically. In order to interpret more effectively the dynamic and recursive networks of relationships anticipated by complexity theory, future research will be required to go further in breaking down the divisions that are often assumed between research using different types of empirical methods. We comment on the potential to do this by means of advanced approaches to statistical and spatial modelling and by giving greater attention to the complementarity between these methods and qualitative techniques. We also discuss the emphasis in these examples on research which adopts an interdisciplinary strategy. Our conclusions refer forward to our companion report, which focuses more on studies of geographies of health care and health policy, emphasizing that complexity theory applied to health systems underlines the connections between health, health care and health policy.
NUVA: Architectural support for runtime verification of parametric specifications over multicores

Runtime Verification (RV) has recently emerged as a complementary technology to extend coverage of conventional software verification methods. To address the substantial performance and power overhead of pure software RV frameworks, this paper introduces NUVA, which stands for nonuniform verification architecture, a distributed automata-based RV architecture for parametric specifications in the form of parameterized finite-state automata, with a case study over a cache-coherent nonuniform-memory-access (ccNUMA) multiprocessor. The core of NUVA is a coherent distributed automata transactional memory (ATM) that efficiently maintains states of a dynamic population of automata checkers organized into a rooted dynamic directed acyclic graph (DAG) concurrently shared among all processor nodes. A cycle-accurate model of a ccNUMA multiprocessor confirms that performance slowdown is 1~3% and NoC message traffic increases by 10~15% at parametric event density1 of 0.025 EPI for two compute-intensive scientific benchmarks having irregular concurrent data structures. The detailed architecture and implementation metrics in TSMC 40nm CMOS technology are presented. NUVA can be dimensioned to incur average total power overhead of less than 140mW and area overhead of 4mm2 for a quad-core multiprocessor chip, at operating frequency of 250MHz. It is also estimated to incur 1.9~2.6% area overhead and 0.5~1% power overhead when integrated with Intel's family of high-end desktop and mobile quad-core processors operating at 1.6~3.2GHz. Our silicon implementation achieves average performance2 of 1.5 MEPS/mW. For a processor core with 5 MIPS/mW, this corresponds to a 3.2% drop in energy efficiency at parametric event density of 0.01 EPI.
Potential of Integrin Inhibitors for Treating Ovarian Cancer: A Literature Review

Epithelial ovarian cancer is a fatal disease, with a cure rate of only 30%. Several recent studies have targeted integrins for cancer treatment. Preclinical studies have shown the effectiveness of several integrin inhibitors for blocking cancer progression, especially by blocking angiogenesis. Because the initial critical step in ovarian cancer metastasis is the attachment of cancer cells to the peritoneum or omentum and because clinical trials have provided positive results for anti-angiogenic therapy, therapies targeting integrins may be the most feasible approach for treating cancer. This review summarizes the current understanding of integrin biology in ovarian cancer metastasis and various therapeutic approaches involving integrin inhibitors. However, no integrin inhibitor has shown favorable results thus far. However, conjugates of cytotoxic agents with the triplet sequence arginine-glycine-aspartate (RGD) peptides targeting α5β1-, αvβ3-, and αvβ6-integrins may be promising integrin-targeting therapies for further clinical investigation.
Attachment: Theoretical development and critique

Zeanah argues that ethological attachment theory, as outlined by John Bowlby, has provided one of the most important frameworks for understanding crucial risk and protective factors in social and emotional development. However, although attachment theory and the notion of attachment disorders have influenced such initiatives, many psychologists, particularly educational psychologists, remain sceptical about the relevance of attachment theories. Research and major contributions towards the theoretical development of attachment theory are outlined, and the potential contribution of attachment theory to educational psychology is explored.
Trapping and analyzing malicious VoIP traffic using a honeynet approach

Since several years the number of VoIP (Voice over IP) infrastructures increases and, consequently, the number of VoIP users increases too. Under these circumstances VoIP systems get more and more attractive for attackers, since the probability of successful attacks increases and attackers gain benefits, e.g., money with fee-based telephone numbers. Therefore, this paper describes a solution to capture, monitor and report VoIP attacks to gain more knowledge on current and new VoIP attacks.
Software synthesis for complex reactive embedded systems

We propose a software synthesis procedure for reactive embedded system. The procedure is an extension of the approach in the POLIS co-design framework. In our approach, control parts of the system are represented in a decomposed form, enabling more complex control structures to be represented. We propose a synthesis procedure for this representation that avoids unnecessary evaluations of the data part, as well as the overhead of run-time scheduling.
THE DYNAMICS OF VITAMIN E TRANSPORT IN THE HUMAN ERYTHROCYTE *

Studies on the effect of tocopherol on the hematopoietic system of several species have established that in animals depleted of the vitamin, changes in red cell mass, red cell size, and the sensitivity of the red cell to hyperoxia and peroxide occur. Studies also indicate that some of these alterations in the hematopoietic system may occur in man, under conditions of tocopherol depletion or deficiency. The present report is concerned with the investigation of vitamin E transport in human plasma and human erythrocytes. The report is divided into three parts: the first presents a new method for the assay of tocopherol in red blood cells; the second is concerned with a reevaluation of the distribution of tocopherol in human plasma lipoproteins; and the third section is concerned with the exchange of tocopherol between erythrocytes and whole plasma, and between erythrocytes and plasma lipoprotein fractions.
The Study of Character Development: Towards Tests of a Relational Developmental Systems Model

Current conceptualizations of the nature of character development, including its content, structure, and function, are consistent with the relational developmental systems metatheory. However, there is more conceptual consensus than empirical support for these ideas. With the intention of promoting programmatic research about the nature of character development, we present ideas pertinent to devising a relational developmental systems-derived model of character development, and we suggest ways in which research testing such a model might proceed. We discuss the implications of tests of this model for the enhancement of theory and for programs aimed at promoting different facets of character.
Using a Neural Network to Distinguish Between the Contributions to Harmonic Pollution of Non-Linear Loads and the Rest of the Power System

Harmonics are one of the important power quality measurable quantities. This paper proposes a neural network solution methodology for the problem of measuring the actual amount of harmonic current injected into a power network by a non-linear load. The determination of harmonic currents is complicated by the fact that the supply voltage waveform is distorted by other loads and is rarely a pure sinusoid. Harmonics may therefore be classified as contributions from the load on the one hand and contributions from the power system or supply harmonics on the other hand. A recurrent neural network architecture based method is used to find a way of distinguishing between the load contributed harmonics and supply harmonics, without disconnecting the load from the network. The main advantage of this method is that only waveforms of voltages and currents have to be measured. This method is applicable for both single and three phase loads. This could be fabricated into a commercial instrument that could be installed in substations of large customer loads, or used as a hand-held clip on instrument
An interactionist perspective on dominance‐submission: Interpersonal dominance as a dynamic, situationally contingent social skill

Dominance‐submission in interpersonal interaction typically has been conceptualized as largely a function of either highly stable characteristics of individual actors (e.g., basic termperament, genetic heritage, fixed social roles) or highly dynamic properties of situations (e.g., relational control sequences). Too, the dominance end of the continuum frequently has been infused with negative connotations. Here it is argued that a more balanced and comprehensive perspective is achieved by conceptualizing interpersonal dominance as influenced by a combination of person, situation, and relationship factors and as including positive qualities that also underwrite social competence. Experimental data relevant to this interactionist perspective were examined for the impacts of one traitlike actor variable (self‐reported social skills), two situational factors (communication format and message goal), and one relationship factor (acquaintanceship) on dominance displays during dyadic interactions. Sender and receiver perceptions were also triangulated with observational data from trained coders. Results support an interactionist conceptualization of dominance.
Fast algorithms for finding pattern avoiders and counting pattern occurrences in permutations

Given a set $\Pi$ of permutation patterns of length at most $k$, we present an algorithm for building $S_{\le n}(\Pi)$, the set of permutations of length at most $n$ avoiding the patterns in $\Pi$, in time $O(|S_{\le n - 1}(\Pi)| \cdot k + |S_{n}(\Pi)|)$. Additionally, we present an $O(n! k)$-time algorithm for counting the number of copies of patterns from $\Pi$ in each permutation in $S_n$. Surprisingly, when $|\Pi| = 1$, this runtime can be improved to $O(n! )$, spending only constant time per permutation. Whereas the previous best algorithms, based on generate-and-check, take exponential time per permutation analyzed, all of our algorithms take time at most polynomial per outputted permutation. If we want to solve only the enumerative variant of each problem, computing $|S_{\le n}(\Pi)|$ or tallying permutations according to $\Pi$-patterns, rather than to store information about every permutation, then all of our algorithms can be implemented in $O(n^{k+1}k)$ space. Using our algorithms, we generated $|S_5(\Pi)|, \ldots, |S_{16}(\Pi)|$ for each $\Pi \subseteq S_4$ with $|\Pi| > 4$, and analyzed OEIS matches. We obtained a number of potentially novel pattern-avoidance conjectures. Our algorithms extend to considering permutations in any set closed under standardization of subsequences. Our algorithms also partially adapt to considering vincular patterns.
The Addition of Fentanyl to Epidural Bupivacaine in First Stage Labour

Epidural analgesia was studied in 100 healthy Chinese women with uncomplicated pregnancies in first stage labour. Patients were randomly allocated to receive 8 ml of one of the following five solutions: bupivacaine 0.125% with fentanyl 50 μg or fentanyl 100 μg, bupivacaine 0.25% plain, bupivacaine 0.25% with fentanyl 50 μg or fentanyl 100 μg. There was no difference in quality of analgesia among groups as measured by the reduction of visual analogue pain scores 20 minutes after the epidural dose. The duration of analgesia was similar among groups with the overall median duration being 105 minutes. There was no difference in method of delivery or neonatal Apgar scores. The least concentrated mixture providing good quality analgesia for the first stage of labour was the combination of bupivacaine 0.125% with fentanyl 50 μg.
Acetylcholinesterase Inhibitors: Beneficial Effects on Comorbidities in Patients With Alzheimer’s Disease

Elderly patients with Alzheimer’s disease (AD) and other dementias are at high risk of polypharmacy and excessive polypharmacy for common coexisting medical conditions. Polypharmacy increases the risk of drug–drug and drug–disease interactions in these patients who may not be able to communicate early symptoms of adverse drug events. Three acetylcholinesterase inhibitors (ACHEIs) have been approved for AD: donepezil (Aricept), rivastigmine (Exelon), and galantamine (Razadyne). They are also used off-label for other causes of dementia such as Lewy body and vascular dementia. We here report evidence from the literature that ACHEI treatment, prescribed for cognitive impairment, can reduce the load of medications in patients with AD by also addressing cardiovascular, gastrointestinal, and other comorbidities. Using one drug to address multiple symptoms can reduce costs and improve medication compliance.
The Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology on the Role of the Upper Part of Words in Lexical Access: Evidence with Masked Priming

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Birth weight and subsequent risk of obesity: a systematic review and meta‐analysis

This report describes the association between birth weight (BW) and obesity. Screening of 478 citations from five electronic databases resulted in the inclusion of 33 studies, most of medium quality. The meta‐analysis included 20 of these published studies. The 13 remaining articles did not provide sufficient dichotomous data and were systematically reviewed, revealing results consistent with the meta‐analysis. Our results revealed that high BW (>4000 g) was associated with increased risk of obesity (odds ratio [OR], 2.07; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.91–2.24) compared with subjects with BW ≤ 4000 g. Low BW (<2500 g) was associated with decreased risk of obesity (OR, 0.61; 95% CI, 0.46–0.80) compared with subjects with BW ≥ 2500 g. However, when two studies exhibited selection bias were removed, the results indicated no significant association between low BW and obesity (OR, 0.77; 95% CI, 0.58–1.04). Sensitivity analyses showed that differences in the study design, sample size and quality grade of the study had an effect on the low BW/obesity association, which low BW was not associated with the risk of obesity in cohort studies, studies with large sample sizes and studies with high quality grades. Pooled results were similar when normal birth weight (2500–4000 g) was used as the reference category. Subgroup analyses based on different growth and developmental stages (pre‐school children, school children and adolescents) also revealed that high BW was associated with increased risk of obesity from childhood to early adulthood. No significant evidence of publication bias was present. These results suggest that high BW is associated with increased risk of obesity and may serve as a mediator between prenatal influences and later disease risk.
Rethinking the pattern of external policy referencing: media discourses over the ‘Asian Tigers’’ PISA success in Australia, Germany and South Korea

The article compares how the success of the ‘Asian Tiger’ countries in PISA, especially PISA 2009, was depicted in the media discussion in Australia, Germany and South Korea. It argues that even in the times of today's ‘globalised education policy field’, local factors are important in determining whether or not a country becomes a reference society for educational reform. The article aims to uncover some of these factors, identifying the globally disseminated stereotypes about Asian education, economic relations and the sense of ‘crisis’ induced through the relative position and change of position in PISA league tables in the countries in question.
Recent Hot Machine Learning Hammers used in Computer Vision

I will describe a few techniques that are widely used in computer vision these days and I consider them hot methods. There is no standard tool for measuring whether a method is hot or not, and this is solely based on my personal judgement as a researcher who is attending computer vision conferences and is actively publishing in this area. I consider a method to be hot when in one year it appears in tens of papers, and one can observe researchers talking about it during the main conferences of the field. In the following sections I describe three class of methods that I believe are hot these days. Note that hundreds of papers use the method presented in each of these sections and it is impractical to mention all of them in this article. As a result I only mention a few papers that best represent each of the methods.
Acoustic source direction by hemisphere sampling

A method for estimating the direction to a sound source, using a compact array of microphones, is presented. For each pair of microphones, the signals are prefiltered and correlated. Rather than taking the peak of the correlation vectors as estimates for the time delay between the microphones, all the correlation vectors are accumulated in a common coordinate system, namely a unit hemisphere centered on the microphone array. The maximum cell in the hemisphere then indicates the azimuthal and elevation angles to the source. Unlike previous techniques, this algorithm is applicable to arbitrary microphone configurations, handles more than two microphone pairs, and has no blind spots. Experiments demonstrate significantly increased robustness to noise, compared with previous techniques.