Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Edge universality of separable covariance matrices

In this paper, we prove the edge universality of largest eigenvalues for separable covariance matrices of the form $\mathcal Q :=A^{1/2}XBX^*A^{1/2}$. Here $X=(x_{ij})$ is an $n\times N$ random matrix with $x_{ij}=N^{-1/2}q_{ij}$, where $q_{ij}$ are $i.i. d. $ random variables with zero mean and unit variance, and $A$ and $B$ are respectively $n \times n$ and $N\times N$ deterministic non-negative definite symmetric (or Hermitian) matrices. We consider the high-dimensional case, i.e. ${n}/{N}\to d \in (0, \infty)$ as $N\to \infty$. Assuming $\mathbb E q_{ij}^3=0$ and some mild conditions on $A$ and $B$, we prove that the limiting distribution of the largest eigenvalue of $\mathcal Q$ coincide with that of the corresponding Gaussian ensemble (i.e. the $\mathcal Q$ with $X$ being an $i.i.d.$ Gaussian matrix) as long as we have $\lim_{s \rightarrow \infty}s^4 \mathbb{P}(\vert q_{ij} \vert \geq s)=0$, which is a sharp moment condition for edge universality. If we take $B=I$, then $\mathcal Q$ becomes the normal sample covariance matrix and the edge universality holds true without the vanishing third moment condition. So far, this is the strongest edge universality result for sample covariance matrices with correlated data (i.e. non-diagonal $A$) and heavy tails, which improves the previous results in \cite{BPZ1,LS} (assuming high moments and diagonal $A$), \cite{Anisotropic} (assuming high moments) and \cite{DY} (assuming diagonal $A$).
Bounds on self-interacting dark matter from galactic cores

Self-interactions between dark matter particles can induce core formation in galaxies and lead to thermalization of their central regions. The strength of self-interactions between dark matter particles is correlated to the size of the thermalized regions. The possibility of placing a conservative limit on the self-interaction cross-section by analyzing the distribution of core radius in isolated galactic haloes is explored in this work. We systematically use dark matter only 𝑁 -body simulations of spherically symmetric isolated haloes incorporating isotropic self-scattering. We report a conservative upper limit on the self-interaction cross-section, 𝜎 / 𝑚 < 9 . 8 cm 2 / gm at 95% confidence level by comparing the generated distributions with the observed data
Differential turbulent heating of different ions in electron cyclotron resonance ion source plasma

The article considers the collisionless ion sound turbulent heating of different ions in an electron cyclotron resonance ion source (ECRIS). The ion sound arises due to parametric instability of pumping wave propagating along the magnetic field with the frequency close to that of electron cyclotron. Within the framework of turbulent heating model the different ions temperatures are calculated in gas-mixing ECRIS plasma.
Characterization of a Magnesium Fluoride Conversion Coating on Mg-2Y-1Mn-1Zn Screws for Biomedical Applications

MgF2-coated screws made of a Mg-2Y-1Mn-1Zn alloy, called NOVAMag® fixation screws (biotrics bioimplants AG), were tested in vitro for potential applications as biodegradable implants, and showed a controlled corrosion rate compared to non-coated screws. While previous studies regarding coated Mg-alloys have been carried out on flat sample surfaces, the present work focused on functional materials and final biomedical products. The substrates under study had a complex 3D geometry and a nearly cylindrical-shaped shaft. The corrosion rate of the samples was investigated using an electrochemical setup, especially adjusted to evaluate these types of samples, and thus, helped to improve an already patented coating process. A MgF2/MgO coating in the µm-range was characterized for the first time using complementary techniques. The coated screws revealed a smoother surface than the non-coated ones. Although the cross-section analysis revealed some fissures in the coating structure, the electrochemical studies using Hanks’ salt solution demonstrated the effective role of MgF2 in retarding the alloy degradation during the initial stages of corrosion up to 24 h. The values of polarization resistance (Rp) of the coated samples extrapolated from the Nyquist plots were significantly higher than those of the non-coated samples, and impedance increased significantly over time. After 1200 s exposure, the Rp values were 1323 ± 144 Ω. cm2 for the coated samples and 1036 ± 198 Ω. cm2 for the non-coated samples, thus confirming a significant decrease in the degradation rate due to the MgF2 layer. The corrosion rates varied from 0.49 mm/y, at the beginning of the experiment, to 0.26 mm/y after 1200 s, and decreased further to 0.01 mm/y after 24 h. These results demonstrated the effectiveness of the applied MgF2 film in slowing down the corrosion of the bulk material, allowing the magnesium-alloy screws to be competitive as dental and orthopedic solutions for the biodegradable implants market.
Multi-Modal Rehabilitation Therapy in Parkinson's Disease and Related Disorders

Long-term use of dopaminergic therapy in Parkinson's disease (PD) is associated with reduction in efficacy and disabling dyskinesias. The current medical or surgical treatment modalities are ineffective for atypical parkinsonism syndromes. Hence, there is a need for holistic and cost-effective non-pharmacological interventions that act via multiple mechanisms to improve motor as well as non-motor symptoms among PD patients. Rehabilitation strategies focusing on multiple mechanisms can lead to improvement in certain symptoms among PD patients, which may be refractory to medical and surgical therapy. However, there is scanty literature available on the role of various rehabilitation strategies in patients with atypical parkinsonism patients. Multiple rehabilitation strategies such physiotherapy, aerobic exercises, strength/resistance exercises, treadmill training, cueing, dance and music, speech language therapy, occupational therapy, hydrotherapy, and martial arts have been found to improve motor as well as non-motor symptoms among PD patients. Newer modalities such as virtual-reality-based devices, exergaming, wearable sensors, and robotic prosthetic devices may be exciting future prospects in rehabilitation among patients with PD and atypical parkinsonian syndromes. This narrative review assessed and summarized the current evidence regarding the role of various rehabilitation strategies in PD and atypical parkinsonian syndromes. Furthermore, evidence regarding recent advancements in rehabilitation for patients with parkinsonism was highlighted. Despite the beneficial effect of rehabilitation in PD, there is still scanty literature available from India on rehabilitation strategies among PD patients. Larger prospective randomized control trials from India and other low- and middle-income countries, focusing on various rehabilitation strategies among PD patients, are an unmet need.
Changes in Tryptophan-Kynurenine Metabolism in Patients with Depression Undergoing ECT—A Systematic Review

The kynurenine pathway of tryptophan (Trp) metabolism generates multiple biologically active metabolites (kynurenines) that have been implicated in neuropsychiatric disorders. It has been suggested that modulation of kynurenine metabolism could be involved in the therapeutic effect of electroconvulsive therapy (ECT). We performed a systematic review with aims of summarizing changes in Trp and/or kynurenines after ECT and assessing methodological issues. The inclusion criterium was measures of Trp and/or kynurenines before and after ECT. Animal studies and studies using Trp administration or Trp depletion were excluded. Embase, MEDLINE, PsycInfo and PubMed were searched, most recently in July 2022. Outcomes were levels of Trp, kynurenines and ratios before and after ECT. Data on factors affecting Trp metabolism and ECT were collected for interpretation and discussion of the reported changes. We included 17 studies with repeated measures for a total of 386 patients and 27 controls. Synthesis using vote counting based on the direction of effect found no evidence of effect of ECT on any outcome variable. There were considerable variations in design, patient characteristics and reported items. We suggest that future studies should include larger samples, assess important covariates and determine between- and within-subject variability. PROSPERO (CRD42020187003).
Massive Neutrinos In Physics And Astrophysics

The groundbreaking discovery of nonzero neutrino masses and oscillations has put the spotlight on massive neutrinos as one of the key windows on physics beyond the standard model as well as into the early universe. The third edition of this text offers an introduction to the various issues related to the theory and phenomenology of massive neutrinos for the nonexpert, providing at the same time a discussion on results in the field for the active researcher. It is designed not merely to be a guide but also as a self-contained tool for research with all the necessary techniques and logics included. Specially emphasized are the various implications of neutrino discoveries for the nature of new forces. Elementary discussions on topics such as grand unification, left-right symmetry and supersymmetry are presented. The cosmological and astrophysical implications of massive neutrinos are also dealt with.
Combined Effects of Stream Hydrology and Land Use on Basin‐Scale Hyporheic Zone Denitrification in the Columbia River Basin

Denitrification in the hyporheic zone (HZ) of river corridors is crucial to removing excess nitrogen in rivers from anthropogenic activities. However, previous modeling studies of the effectiveness of river corridors in removing excess nitrogen via denitrification were often limited to the reach‐scale and low‐order stream watersheds. We developed a basin‐scale river corridor model for the Columbia River Basin with random forest models to identify the dominant factors associated with the spatial variation of HZ denitrification. Our modeling results suggest that the combined effects of hydrologic variability in reaches and substrate availability influenced by land use are associated with the spatial variability of modeled HZ denitrification at the basin scale. Hyporheic exchange flux can explain most of spatial variation of denitrification amounts in reaches of different sizes, while among the reaches affected by different land uses, the combination of hyporheic exchange flux and stream dissolved organic carbon (DOC) concentration can explain the denitrification differences. Also, we can generalize that the most influential watershed and channel variables controlling denitrification variation are channel morphology parameters (median grain size (D50), stream slope), climate (annual precipitation and evapotranspiration), and stream DOC‐related parameters (percent of shrub area). The modeling framework in our study can serve as a valuable tool to identify the limiting factors in removing excess nitrogen pollution in large river basins where direct measurement is often infeasible.
Semantic Architecture for Interoperability in Distributed Healthcare Systems

Electronic Health Records (EHRs) aggregate the entire patient’s data from different systems. Achieving interoperability for distributed EHR systems is expected to improve patient safety and care continuity, and therefore it improves the healthcare industry. However, achieving interoperability is challenging because of many standards, medical terminologies and ontologies, and different data formats. These formats make the integration of different systems an impossible process. If the hospital uses one standard to implement all of its medical systems, it will be no problem integrating them. However, hospitals usually depend on multiple standards and data formats to deliver different systems like hospital information systems, radiology information systems, laboratory information systems, etc. Semantic Web presents new technology for achieving EHRs interoperability. In this paper, we propose a novel ontological model to implement interoperability for distributed EHR environments. The proposed semantic ontology-based model can unify different EHRs data formats. In this study, We unify five different and popular healthcare data formats and standards. In addition, the framework could be extended straightforwardly to accept any other EHR data format. By implementing the proposed in real environments, we provide the physician with a single interface with a single terminology to query and interact with distributed healthcare systems that use different standards and data formats. This process is expected to help the physician to collect patient data from different systems quickly, completely, and correctly. The proposed ontological model has two stages. The first stage of the proposed converts each different input source to OWL ontology. In the second stage, it integrates all those ontologies into a merged crisp one. The integrated ontology includes 3753 axioms, 2606 logical axioms, 186 classes, 136 individuals, 126 datatype properties, and 257 object properties. We use SPARQL Protocol and RDF Query Language (SPARQL) and Description Logic (DL) queries to evaluate the output ontology. The obtained results ensure that the proposed framework helps physicians and specialists make a centralized point for all patients’ data. It could aggregate data with any heterogeneous structures with high precision.
A Case of Heyde’s Syndrome With Subvalvular Aortic Stenosis

Heyde’s syndrome is a constellation of severe aortic stenosis, gastrointestinal arteriovenous malformations (AVMs), and an acquired von Willebrand type 2A coagulopathy resulting in moderate-to-severe gastrointestinal bleeding. Additional cardiac lesions have been observed to cause Heyde’s syndrome including aortic regurgitation, mitral regurgitation, aortic/mitral valve prosthetic dysfunction, ventricular septal defects, hypertrophic cardiomyopathy, left ventricular assist devices, and extracorporeal life support devices. Repairing the cardiac lesion or removing the device decreases the incidence of gastrointestinal bleeding by normalizing the acquired von Willebrand coagulopathy and decreasing the amount of gastrointestinal AVMs likely to bleed. We describe a case of a 67-year-old woman found to have Heyde’s syndrome arising from a subvalvular aortic membrane resulting in severe subaortic stenosis with no other significant cardiac lesion. She underwent successful resection of the membrane with septal myectomy, relieving the severe subaortic stenosis and resolving her anemia. Years later, she re-presented with severe gastrointestinal bleeding from gastrointestinal malformations. Early recognition of these cardiac lesions with gastrointestinal bleeds may help decrease the morbidity and mortality that Heyde’s syndrome portends and provide evidence for early intervention.
Minimal genus in circle bundles over 3‐manifolds

An estimate is proved for the genus function in circle bundles over irreducible 3‐manifolds. This estimate is an equality in many cases, and it relates the minimal genus of the surfaces representing a given homology class to the self‐intersection of the class and the Thurston norm in the underlying 3‐manifold.
The Hubble Space Telescope Snapshot Survey. IV - A summary of the search for gravitationally lensed quasars

We report the concluding results of the HST Snapshot Survey for gravitationally lensed quasars. New observations of 153 high-luminosity z above 1 quasars are presented, bringing to 498 the total number of quasars observed in the survey. The new observations do not reveal new candidates for gravitational lensing. We present tables summarizing all of the snapshot observations, with measured V-magnitudes, accurate to 0.1 mag, for each of the quasars successfully observed. The observed frequency of lensing of quasars into multiple images is 3-6 out of 502, depending on whether one counts candidates that are not yet securely confirmed and cases in which clusters play a role. This frequency is in the range predicted by calculations with a vanishing cosmological constant, assuming galaxies can be modeled by unevolving isothermal spheres dominated in their centers by dark matter. The observed frequency is an order of magnitude lower than expected in such models when the universe is strongly dominated by a cosmological constant. This conclusion is, however, sensitive to the model assumptions and to the precise number of actual lensed quasars.
Perceptions of Caregivers Regarding Malnutrition in Children under Five in Rural Areas, South Africa

Children under five depend on the caregivers to provide them with nutritious food to combat malnutrition. Several studies have been conducted about malnutrition in children, yet limited attention has been paid to the caregivers. Thus, the study investigated the perceptions of caregivers with regard to non-nutritious foods in rural areas in South Africa. This study explored caregiver’s perception regarding non-nutritious food in children below five. This was done in primary health care clinics of Tshilwavhusiku local areas of Makhado Municipality in Vhembe District, South Africa. A qualitative approach was adopted. Nine caregivers were sampled randomly. In-depth individual interviews were conducted, and Tesch’s analytical approach was adopted to analyze the data measures to ensure trustworthiness and ethical considerations were adhered to throughout the study. The study revealed that caregivers were lacking knowledge regarding nutritious food to be given to their children and signs of malnutrition were also not known. It is imperative to ensure the improvement of caregivers’ knowledge regarding nutritious food and children’s nutritional status in order to reduce the malnutrition rate.
EB-LG Module for 3D Point Cloud Classification and Segmentation

Thanks to the development of deep learning technology and computer science, 3D point cloud analysis is becoming a research hotspot. Based on convolution operator, local feature learning is fundamental but far from perfect regarding point cloud analysis task. Actually, when people see a wing-like part (local features), our brain immediately associates it with a plane model (global features), and then we further trust that it's a wing based on the feedback from our brain. Such hidden features between local features and global features are commonly-existed, but ignored by existing methods. To this end, we propose Error feature Back-projection based Local-Global (EB-LG) feature learning module for better representations of point clouds. Specifically, EB-LG module adequately captures the hidden features firstly; and then borrowing from the successful idea of error-feedback mechanism, the learned hidden features will be back-projected to original local features, so that the enhanced local features are obtained. Serving as a plug-and-play, EB-LG module is lightweight and can be easily integrated into existing state-of-the-art networks to boost their performance. Extensive evaluations on both synthetic and real-world 3D point cloud benchmarks demonstrate the effectiveness and the generalization ability of our method.
Development of a Cox-Thompson inverse scattering method to charged particles

A Cox–Thompson fixed-energy quantum inverse scattering method is developed further to treat long-range Coulomb interaction. Depending on the reference potentials chosen, two methods have been formulated which produce inverse potentials with singular or finite value at the origin. Based on the quality of reproduction of input experimental phase shifts, it is guessed that the p–α interaction possesses an interesting repulsive hard core.
Spatially localized spectroscopy for examining the internal structure of coupled nanostructures

Recent experimental progress in localized excitation with nanofields and localized detection for various observables (light intensities, photo electrons, etc.) at nanometer scales, suggest to rethink conventional spectroscopic schemes in terms of localized excitation and detection. In this paper, a systematic overview will be given, how the observables and Hamilton operators in case of localized excitation and detection need to be modified. The implications of localized excitation and detection are also illustrated using linear optics and pump probe spectroscopy.
Investigation of exposure correction models for wind speed measurements

Considerable errors may be introduced in storm intensity estimations and their subsequent applications if raw surface wind speed records are not corrected to properly account for exposure effects. This study investigates the calculation of exposure correction factors ( ECFs$$ \mathrm{ECFs} $$ ) by different theoretical and code‐based models. Estimation of the roughness length z0$$ {z}_0 $$ based on the suitable gustiness model is provided, as this metric is involved in calculating ECFs$$ \mathrm{ECFs} $$ . The sensitivity of the z0$$ {z}_0 $$ estimation to the input parameters is analysed. A comprehensive evaluation of ECF$$ \mathrm{ECF} $$ models is made, which includes the World Meteorological Organization (WMO) model with various blending heights zb$$ {z}_{\mathrm{b}} $$ , Biétry model, the power‐law model, the Engineering Sciences Data Unit model, the models in Chinese, Japanese, Eurocode and the International Organization for Standardization codes, as well as the combination of the WMO formula with two gustiness models (He model and Ashcroft model) respectively. It is found that the most appropriate model in practice for calculating ECFs$$ \mathrm{ECFs} $$ is provided by the combined application of the He gustiness model and WMO ECF$$ \mathrm{ECF} $$ formula with a blending height, zb,of80m$$ {z}_{\mathrm{b}},\mathrm{of}\kern1.00em 80\mathrm{m} $$ .
Region of interest extraction based on multiscale visual saliency analysis for remote sensing images

Abstract. Region of interest (ROI) extraction is an important component of remote sensing image processing. However, traditional ROI extraction methods are usually prior knowledge-based and depend on classification, segmentation, and a global searching solution, which are time-consuming and computationally complex. We propose a more efficient ROI extraction model for remote sensing images based on multiscale visual saliency analysis (MVS), implemented in the CIE L*a*b* color space, which is similar to visual perception of the human eye. We first extract the intensity, orientation, and color feature of the image using different methods: the visual attention mechanism is used to eliminate the intensity feature using a difference of Gaussian template; the integer wavelet transform is used to extract the orientation feature; and color information content analysis is used to obtain the color feature. Then, a new feature-competition method is proposed that addresses the different contributions of each feature map to calculate the weight of each feature image for combining them into the final saliency map. Qualitative and quantitative experimental results of the MVS model as compared with those of other models show that it is more effective and provides more accurate ROI extraction results with fewer holes inside the ROI.