Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Immediate mandibular reconstruction of a 5 cm defect using rhBMP-2 after partial mandibulectomy in a dog.

OBJECTIVE To report treatment of a complex odontoma of the mandible by partial mandibulectomy and immediate surgical reconstruction using bridging plate fixation with a synthetic graft. STUDY DESIGN Clinical case report. ANIMALS A 4-year-old male castrated cocker spaniel. METHODS Immediate reconstruction of the left mandible (5 cm gap) was performed after complete excision of a complex odontoma. Locking plate fixation was applied immediately before complete excision of the mass. Fixation was removed, then after partial mandibulectomy, including all abnormal tissue, restored to achieve occlusion. The resulting mandibular defect was filled with recombinant human bone morphogenetic protein-2 (rhBMP-2) delivered in an absorbable collagen sponge containing hydroxyapatite/tricalcium phosphate granules (compression resistant matrix [CRM]). RESULTS New bone growth was evident radiographically and on palpation at 3 months. Bony remodeling was evident during follow-up examinations up to 26 months. Bone collected by biopsy at the graft site at 7 months had robust new bone formation and evidence of continued remodeling. Only minor complications (repeated intraoral plate exposure) were encountered postoperatively and were easily resolved. CONCLUSIONS An osteoinductive factor (rhBMP-2/CRM) was successfully used as a graft substitute in immediate reconstruction of a large mandibular defect. CLINICAL RELEVANCE Immediate reconstruction of large mandibular defects with osteoinductive materials as a graft substitute may be a viable alternative to partial mandibular resection or radiation therapy for benign odontogenic tumors in dogs.
Coping in relation to self-care behaviors and control of blood glucose levels in Japanese teenagers with insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus.

D IABETES IS NEWLY diagnosed in approximately 2 to 3 per 100,000 children up to 17 years of age each year in Japan. Diabetes education has primarily focused on self-management skills required of the patient and how the necessary skills are best taught. Relationships between psychosocial factors and control of blood glucose levels in diabetic children have been studied little in Japan. Teenagers with diabetes must attain not only usual developmental tasks but also the tasks related to diabetic management. They have to accept their diabetes and take care of themselves. Therefore, they are inevitably faced with various types of stresses with which they must cope. Control of blood glucose levels in teenagers tends to be poor. The reasons may be the hormonal storm of puberty, a large appetite due to the acceleration of growth, an increased frequency of dining out, and rebellious feelings. The attitude toward self-care in the adolescent period influences the appearance of diabetic complications in the future. Control of blood glucose levels also influences growth and psychic functioning. It is important to determine the factors associated with self-care behavior and control of blood glucose levels in teenagers so that appropriate nursing interventions can be developed.
Synthesis of hybrid molecules between heat-labile enterotoxin and cholera toxin B subunits: potential for use in a broad-spectrum vaccine

Three variants of the cholera toxin B subunit (CTB) were generated by site-specific mutagenesis in which regions of the mature protein were altered to the composition found at the corresponding positions of the closely related B subunit of the heat-labile enterotoxin of enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli (LTB). The mutant proteins were expressed in Vibrio cholerae and purified from the growth medium. In the first of the mutant proteins, the first 25 amino acids corresponded to the sequence found in LTB, and in the second, changes were made at positions 94 and 95 of the mature protein. The third mutant protein combined the changes made in the first two. Analysis of the immunological properties of these novel proteins by using monoclonal antibodies and absorbed polyclonal antiserum demonstrated that they had acquired LTB-specific epitopes. Immunizations with the mutant proteins resulted in antisera containing LTB-specific as well as CTB-specific and cross-reactive antibodies. The sera were also found to be more strongly cross-reactive in the in vitro neutralization of both cholera toxin and heat-labile enterotoxin than were antisera raised against either CTB or LTB. The results suggest that such hybrid CTB-LTB proteins may be useful in a broad-spectrum vaccine against enterotoxin-induced diarrhea.
MoneyRoundball? The Drafting of International Players by National Basketball Association Teams

National Basketball Association (NBA) teams have drafted international players regularly since 1996. Did NBA teams value international prospects accurately relative to U.S. players? Regressions of NBA performance reveal that international players drafted through 2001 tended to outperform expectations adjusted for draft positions. Teams subsequently drafted more international players, but first-round picks tended to underperform, implying that teams overreacted in adjusting their valuations of international prospects. Teams have not moved smoothly toward optimal evaluation of international players relative to U.S.-trained players.
PLANNING FOR TRUCK FLEET SIZE IN THE PRESENCE OF A COMMON‐CARRIER OPTION

This paper considers a class of network optimization problems in which certain directed arcs must be covered by a set of cycles. Our study was motivated by a distribution planning problem of a commercial firm that had to make deliveries over several origin-destination pairs (directed arcs) and that could service any demand arc by using a vehicle in its own fleet or by paying a common carrier. The problem is to determine an optimal fleet size and the resulting vehicle routes while satisfying maximum route-time restrictions. We formulate the problem, describe some approximate solution strategies, and discuss important implementation issues.
Joint Source-Channel Coding by Means of an Oversampled Filter Bank Code

Quantized frame expansions based on block transforms and oversampled filter banks (OFBs) have been considered recently as joint source-channel codes (JSCCs) for erasure and error-resilient signal transmission over noisy channels. In this paper, we consider a coding chain involving an OFB-based signal decomposition followed by scalar quantization and a variable-length code (VLC) or a fixed-length code (FLC). This paper first examines the problem of channel error localization and correction in quantized OFB signal expansions. The error localization problem is treated as an-ary hypothesis testing problem. The likelihood values are derived from the joint pdf of the syndrome vectors under various hypotheses of impulse noise positions, and in a number of consecutive windows of the received samples. The error amplitudes are then estimated by solving the syndrome equations in the least-square sense. The message signal is reconstructed from the corrected received signal by a pseudoinverse receiver. We then improve the error localization procedure by introducing a per-symbol reliability information in the hypothesis testing procedure of the OFB syndrome decoder. The per-symbol reliability information is produced by the soft-input soft-output (SISO) VLC/FLC decoders. This leads to the design of an iterative algorithm for joint decoding of an FLC and an OFB code. The performance of the algorithms developed is evaluated in a wavelet-based image coding system.
The Association Between Qualified Opinions and Auditor Switches

Abstract The question of whether auditors who qualify their opinions are more likely to face dismissal is investigated. The evidence presented in respect of Australian practice is consistent with managers ‘switching auditors more frequently following qualification, with ‘new’ auditors giving unqualified opinions, and with the likelihood of an unqualified opinion being independent of the type of qualification and whether the new’ auditor was Big Eight or non Big Eight.
Anaemia in the older surgical patient: a review of prevalence, causes, implications and management

This review provides the clinician with a summary of the causes, implications and potential treatments for the management of anaemia in the older surgical patient. The prevalence of anaemia increases with age and is frequently identified in older surgical patients. Anaemia is associated with increased postoperative morbidity and mortality. Allogenic blood transfusion is commonly used to treat anaemia but involves inherent risks and may worsen outcomes. Various strategies for the correction of pre- and postoperative anaemia have evolved. These include correction of nutritional deficiencies and the use of intravenous iron and erythropoesis stimulating therapy. Clear differences exist between the elective and emergency surgical populations and the translation of research findings into these individual clinical settings requires more work. This should lead to a standardized approach to the management of this frequently encountered clinical scenario.
EINSTEIN@HOME DISCOVERY OF A DOUBLE NEUTRON STAR BINARY IN THE PALFA SURVEY

We report here the Einstein@Home discovery of PSR J1913+1102, a 27.3 ms pulsar found in data from the ongoing Arecibo PALFA pulsar survey. The pulsar is in a 4.95 hr double neutron star (DNS) system with an eccentricity of 0.089. From radio timing with the Arecibo 305 m telescope, we measure the rate of advance of periastron to be ° yr−1. Assuming general relativity accurately models the orbital motion, this corresponds to a total system mass of Mtot = 2.875(14) , similar to the mass of the most massive DNS known to date, B1913+16, but with a much smaller eccentricity. The small eccentricity indicates that the second-formed neutron star (NS) (the companion of PSR J1913+1102) was born in a supernova with a very small associated kick and mass loss. In that case, this companion is likely, by analogy with other systems, to be a light (∼1.2 ) NS; the system would then be highly asymmetric. A search for radio pulsations from the companion yielded no plausible detections, so we cannot yet confirm this mass asymmetry. By the end of 2016, timing observations should permit the detection of two additional post-Keplerian parameters: the Einstein delay (γ), which will enable precise mass measurements and a verification of the possible mass asymmetry of the system, and the orbital decay due to the emission of gravitational waves ( ), which will allow another test of the radiative properties of gravity. The latter effect will cause the system to coalesce in ∼0.5 Gyr.
ELF3 Encodes a Circadian Clock–Regulated Nuclear Protein That Functions in an Arabidopsis PHYB Signal Transduction Pathway

Many aspects of plant development are regulated by photoreceptor function and the circadian clock. Loss-of-function mutations in the Arabidopsis EARLY FLOWERING 3 (ELF3) and PHYTOCHROME B (PHYB) genes cause early flowering and influence the activity of circadian clock–regulated processes. We demonstrate here that the relative abundance of the ELF3 protein, which is a novel nucleus-localized protein, displays circadian regulation that follows the pattern of circadian accumulation of ELF3 transcript. Furthermore, the ELF3 protein interacts with PHYB in the yeast two-hybrid assay and in vitro. Genetic analyses show that ELF3 requires PHYB function in early morphogenesis but not for the regulation of flowering time. This suggests that ELF3 is a component of a PHYB signaling complex that controls early events in plant development but that ELF3 and PHYB control flowering via independent signal transduction pathways.
Risk Segmentation of American Homes: Evidence from Denver

This article empirically examines the segmentation of house price risk across 99 ZIP‐code‐delineated neighborhoods in metropolitan Denver. The house price risk in each neighborhood is measured with the temporal variation of quarterly appreciation rates of the neighborhood house price index over the 2002–2007 period. Cross‐sectional regressions of neighborhood house price risk on the median household income and the percentage of population in poverty from the 2000 census data for the same neighborhoods provide strong evidence that the house price risk is significantly higher in low‐income/poor neighborhoods. Subperiod analyses further indicate that the risk segmentation exists in both a booming period (pre 2005:2) and a busting period (post 2005:3). The results indicate that homeownership can be a much riskier investment for low‐income/poor households.
Stroke incidence, prevalence, and survival: secular trends in Rochester, Minnesota, through 1989.

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Trends in stroke incidence and mortality are available from few sites worldwide. The unique nature of the medical care in patients from Rochester, Minn, has allowed the ascertainment of virtually all cases of stroke for community residents for the period dating from 1955. This study updates incidence rates, stroke mortality, radiological imaging availability, and prevalence for stroke and subtypes of stroke though 1989 and evaluates trends since 1955. METHODS Medical records of all residents of Rochester with potential diagnosis of stroke during the 5-year period through December 31, 1989 were screened to determine whether the case met the criteria for stroke. The type of stroke was determined with the use of all available data. Average annual age- and sex-adjusted incidence rates for stroke and various types of stroke were calculated for 5-year periods from 1955 to 1989. Prevalence of stroke was also determined. Poisson regression was used to better clarify the dependence of stroke incidence on multiple variables. Cox proportional hazards modeling evaluated trends in short-term and long-term stroke survival. RESULTS We found that 496 incidence cases of stroke occurred among Rochester residents during 1985 to 1989. The annual age- and sex-adjusted stroke incidence rates was 145 per 100 000 population, which was virtually unchanged from 1980 to 1984 and 13% higher than the rate determined in 1975 to 1979. Increasing incidence rates compared with the 1970s were noted in all groups aged older than 54 years and in both sexes. Survival after cerebral infarction was dependent on age and calendar year when trends dating from 1955 were evaluated. The annual incidence rate of intraparenchymal hemorrhage was twice that of subarachnoid hemorrhage. CONCLUSIONS Incidence rates for stroke have remained at a high rate than those determined in the 1970s. Although the occurrence of untreated hypertension has been reported to be stable or decreasing, the incidence rate of stroke is higher than those noted during the decline in stroke incidence during the 1960s and 1970s. In addition to the impact of radiological imaging, increased contribution of patients with ischemic heart disease, and the possible detection of milder cases of stroke, other factors, which are undefined, may be contributing to the increased stroke incidence rates detected over the last 10 years.
Complications of Intravitreal Injections in Patients with Diabetes

Abstract Intravitreal injections for the treatment of retinal disorders and intraocular infection have become a common ophthalmic procedure, and injections of anti-vascular endothelial growth factor agents or steroids are frequently performed for the treatment of diabetic macular edema or other diabetic vascular pathology. Diabetic patients may be at higher risk of adverse events than non-diabetic individuals given frequent systemic co-morbidities, such as cardiovascular and renal disease, susceptibility to infection, and unique ocular pathology that includes fibrovascular proliferation. Fortunately, many associated complications, including endophthalmitis, are related to the injection procedure and can therefore be circumvented by careful attention to injection techniques. This review highlights the safety profile of intravitreal injections in patients with diabetes. Although diabetic patients may theoretically be at higher risk than non-diabetic patients for complications, a comprehensive review of the literature does not demonstrate substantial increased risk of intravitreal injections in patients with diabetes.
Nanoemulsion Formulations for Improved Oral Delivery of Poorly Soluble Drugs

The objective of this study was to develop nanoemulsion formulations for enhancement of oral bioavailability of paclitaxel, a model hydrophobic drug and P-glycoprotein substrate. The oil-in-water (o/w) nanoemulsions were made with pine nut oil as the internal oil phase, egg lecithin as the primary emulsifier, and water as the external phase. Stearylamine and deoxycholic acid were used to impart positive and negative charge to the emulsions, respectively. The formulated nanoemulsions had a particle size range of 90-120 nm and zeta potential ranging from +34 mV to -56 mV. Following oral administration to C57BL/6 mice, a significantly higher concentration of paclitaxel was observed in the systemic circulation when administered in the nanoemulsion relative to control aqueous solution. The results of this study suggest that nanoemulsions are promising novel formulations that can enhance the oral bioavailability of poorly soluble drugs.
Low leakage circuit design using bootstrap technique

Leakage power dissipation is drastically increasing with the scaling of the each new technology node. The number of gates per chip has increased for improving the performance of the circuits, rise in operating frequency and many more has resulted in greater leakage power dissipation. That demands low power integrated circuits (ICs). In this paper, bootstrapping technique has been used so as to overcome the leakage power dissipation. 4:1 multiplexer is designed by using bootstrapping technique at 32nm technology node and the results are obtained using Silvaco's tools. The leakage power result obtained had been taken at different voltages (1V, 0.8V, 0.6V, 0.4V) for checking the effect of voltage scaling.
The effects of marital dissolution and marital quality on health and health service use among women.

BACKGROUND Little is known about the impact of marital dissolution and/or marital harmony on health service use. OBJECTIVES To examine the ways in which marital dissolution and/or marital quality influence health and health service use. RESEARCH DESIGN The Americans' Changing Lives (ACL) survey was designed to provide a longitudinal study of successful aging. The ACL contains a nationally representative sample of people over age 24, with an oversampling of individuals age 60 and above. SUBJECTS Nine hundred and twenty seven female subjects who were married at baseline (1986); 101 (10.9%) of those were no longer married at follow up (1989). MEASURES Health status and health service use at follow up. RESULTS Marital dissolution, alone and together with marital quality, was associated with worsened mental and physical health and increased mental health service use. Marital harmony was associated with better sleep and fewer depressive symptoms and physician visits. Widowhood was associated with worsened health, but not with greater health service use. Separated women and women divorced from a discordant marriage were not more depressed but used more mental health services. Women separated from a marriage they had rated as harmonious increased their alcohol consumption. CONCLUSIONS Marital dissolution increases the risk for mental and physical health problems, some of which emerge only among women who had harmonious marriages. Marital harmony appears protective against physician visits. Widows should be encouraged to seek help for their health difficulties. Separated women should be counseled that they are at heightened risk for increased alcohol consumption. Divorced and separated women appear to seek help for emotional problems, over and above depressive symptoms.
Time to degree: students' abilities, university characteristics or something else? Evidence from Italy

We use a representative sample of Italian graduates drawn from the Consorzio AlmaLaurea to assess the impact of individual and family characteristics, university inputs and the labour market on the time taken to attain a degree. Our estimates highlight that all these dimensions drive the outcome analysed. Weak labour market prospects contribute particularly to length time to degree. Our results suggest that a comprehensive policy intervention is needed to increase the number of students graduating within the minimum period.
Statistical properties of data stretching

This research examines the properties of an estimation procedure frequently used because observations on some variables are available only at higher levels of aggregation than others. When this occurs, data are often stretched by repeating observations on variables at higher levels of aggregation. We show that this procedure results in biased estimators of coefficients and error variances. Under some circumstances the estimation based on stretched data has a smaller covariance matrix than that based on aggregated data. Comparisons of mean squared errors depend on unknown coefficients. Copyright 1989 by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Cardiovascular Aging and Exercise in Healthy Older Adults

Objective:Physical inactivity in an aging population is a major contributing factor to the rising numbers of older persons with chronic illnesses and disabilities. The purpose of this article is to review the relationship between physical inactivity and age-associated changes to the cardiovascular system, and provide guidance on prescribing exercise to healthy older persons in order to mitigate the adverse effects of cardiovascular aging. Design:Interpretive review of the literature. Results:A number of structural and functional changes occur in the cardiovascular system with advancing age, many of which are mediated by changes in vascular stiffness. These changes lead not only to cardiovascular events and strokes, but also to frailty, functional decline, and cognitive impairment. A substantial proportion of the decline in aerobic capacity with age may result from physical inactivity. Guidelines for the prescription of aerobic, resistance, and balance training for otherwise healthy older persons are provided. Conclusions:Lack of physical activity is a major risk factor for the epidemic of chronic disease and disability facing an aging population. Many age-associated changes in cardiovascular function result from physical inactivity. The benefits of regular exercise include prevention of cardiovascular events, disability, and cognitive impairment. Age is not a contraindication to exercise, which can usually be initiated safely in older persons.
Happiness in Transition Countries

Since 1999, rapid growth in transition countries of Europe and Central Asia Region (ECA), driven primarily by productivity gains, has led to a dramatic increase in living standards and a sharp reduction in poverty. Out of a total regional population of about 475 million, about 50 million have moved out of poverty over 1998-99 and 2005-06. Gender issues related to these economic outcomes have not been widely studied in the transition countries of the ECA Region though some important pieces of research have indeed been undertaken in recent years. In this paper we use the Life in Transition Survey (LiTS) dataset, a joint initiative of the European Bank for Reconstruction and Development (EBRD) and the World Bank, covering all the transition countries in the ECA Region. Using a multivariate regression method, we get ndings in line with the literature for standard covariates, and interesting transition countriesspecic results. Social capital and perceived change in social capital after the start of the transition is correlated with life satisfaction as well as preference for market economy and democracy make people happier after the transition. We also perform some sensitivity analysis which conrms general ndings and unveils some country groups and gender specicities.