Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Patient safety for people experiencing advanced dementia in hospital: A video reflexive ethnography

Background Patient safety for people experiencing dementia in acute hospitals is a global priority. Despite national strategies as well as safety and quality guidelines, how safety practices are enacted within the complexities of everyday work are poorly understood and articulated. Methods Using video reflexive ethnography, this 18-month study was conducted within an inpatient geriatric evaluation and management unit for people experiencing dementia and/or delirium in Australia. Patients, family members, and staff members participated by: allowing researchers to document fieldwork notes and video-record their practices and/or accounts thereof; and/or interpreting video-recordings with researchers to co-analyse and make sense of the data. Results Safe care for people experiencing advanced dementia involved: negotiating risk via leadership, teamwork, and transparency; practice-based learning through situated adaptation; managing personhood versus protocols by doing the ‘right’ thing; joyful and meaningful work; as well as incorporating patient and family voices to do safety together. Conclusion Patient safety for people experiencing dementia requires continuous responsiveness and prioritising in the context of multiple risks by a staff collective with a shared purpose. Ongoing research to better understand how the nuances of patient safety unfold in everyday complex clinical realities in diverse contexts and with key stakeholders is required.
Complete Genome Sequences of Chop, DelRio, and GrandSlam, Three Gordonia Phages Isolated from Soil in Central Arkansas

Chop, DelRio, and GrandSlam are phage with a Siphoviridae morphotype isolated from soil in Arkansas using the host Gordonia terrae 3612. All three are temperate, and their genomes share at least 96% nucleotide identity. These phage are assigned to cluster DI based on gene content similarity to other sequenced actinobacteriophage. ABSTRACT Chop, DelRio, and GrandSlam are phage with a Siphoviridae morphotype isolated from soil in Arkansas using the host Gordonia terrae 3612. All three are temperate, and their genomes share at least 96% nucleotide identity. These phage are assigned to cluster DI based on gene content similarity to other sequenced actinobacteriophage.
A New Adaptive Thresholding Algorithm for Motion Detection Based on Two-Dimensional Spatio-Temporal Fuzzy Entropy Principle

A adaptive thresholding algotithm for motion detection based on two-dimensional spatio-temporal fuzzy entropy principle is proposed.A fast solution for calculating the two-dimensional fuzzy entropy threshold is deduced,in which repeated calculation is avoided by using integral and iterative operation,and the various calculation operation is reduced from O(N4) to less than O(N3) for N gray-level image.The motion detection is reduced to two binary partition problems,and two-dimensional spatio-temporal fuzzy entropy principle is used to determine the threshold T,where the explicit function form or parameters of background distribution are not needed to be known.The experimental results show that the information of moving objects which have low contrast to background can also be extracted completely by this method in real time.
Hierarchical Modulation Classification Algorithm Based on Higher-order Cyclic Cumulants and Support Vector Machines

A support vector machines(SVM) based hierarchical algorithm for the automatic classification of QAM modulation signals is proposed.The algorithm utilizes the cyclostationary property of communication signals and presents classification features in cyclic cumulants domain.The algorithm is less complex computationally and has faster classifier training speed compared with other algorithms.Moreover,it is robust to the presence of time delay and phase offsets.Interesting signals can also be classified under the presence of interference signals.The efficiency of the proposed classification algorithm is verified via theoretical analysis and extensive simulations.
COVID-19 guidelines and its perceived effect on seafarers’ health and wellbeing: A qualitative study

Background The COVID-19 pandemic and its guidelines have had a profound impact on the social life, health, and wellbeing of people around the world. Very little is known if the guidelines are put into action effectively by seafarers. Also, the effects of such guidelines on seafarers’ health and wellbeing have not been studied so far. Therefore, this study aimed to explore the perceived effects of the COVID-19 guidelines on seafarers’ health and wellbeing. Materials & methods A qualitative research method was adopted using in-depth interviews. A total of 13 international male seafarers were interviewed until data saturation was achieved. Purposive sampling was used to recruit the respondents. The data was inductively coded using NVivo 12 and manifest content analysis was conducted. Results Once seafarers had access to COVID-19 guidelines, seafarers followed the guideline as suggested by companies under the guidance of captain. The majority of the participants reported that available guidelines could decrease their stress and anxiety levels, while some reported that implementing the COVID-19 guidelines had no significant effect on their health and wellbeing. The results of this study also showed a delay in repatriation, which had an impact on the seafarers’ mental health. Conclusion The guidelines could not address seafarers’ psychological needs to ensure their good health and wellbeing. Therefore, it is recommended that shipping companies address the mental health needs of seafarers during the COVID-19 pandemic and similar infectious diseases emerging in the future.
LRP1 in vascular mural cells modulates cerebrovascular integrity and function in the presence of APOE4

Cerebrovasculature is critical in maintaining brain homeostasis; its dysregulation often leads to vascular cognitive impairment and dementia (VCID) during aging. VCID is the second most prevalent cause of dementia in the elderly, after Alzheimer’s disease (AD), with frequent cooccurrence of VCID and AD. While multiple factors are involved in the pathogenesis of AD and VCID, APOE4 increases the risk for both diseases. A major apolipoprotein E (apoE) receptor, the low-density lipoprotein receptor-related protein 1 (LRP1), is abundantly expressed in vascular mural cells (pericytes and smooth muscle cells). Here, we investigated how deficiency of vascular mural cell LRP1 affects the cerebrovascular system and cognitive performance using vascular mural cell–specific Lrp1-KO mice (smLrp1–/–) in a human APOE3 or APOE4 background. We found that spatial memory was impaired in the 13- to 16-month-old APOE4 smLrp1–/– mice but not in the APOE3 smLrp1–/– mice, compared with their respective littermate control mice. These disruptions in the APOE4 smLrp1–/– mice were accompanied with excess paravascular glial activation and reduced cerebrovascular collagen IV. In addition, blood-brain barrier (BBB) integrity was disrupted in the APOE4 smLrp1–/– mice. Together, our results suggest that vascular mural cell LRP1 modulates cerebrovasculature integrity and function in an APOE genotype–dependent manner.
Measurement of China’s green development level and its spatial differentiation in the context of carbon neutrality

China’s green development in the context of carbon neutrality is facing both new constraints and new practices. In the new situation, it is crucial to further refine the indicator system and re-measure green development. Based on previous studies and carbon neutral background, the theoretical framework of green development is improved and an indicator system is constructed, and the panel entropy method, Thiel index and Moran index are used to measure and analyze green development level and its spatial evolution pattern in China from 2010 to 2019. The study shows that: (1) China’s green development level is on the rise and its growth rate is high, and it generally shows a spatial distribution pattern of northeast >east > west > central, and the fastest growth rate in the east; (2) There are some spatial differences in green development level in China and the spatial differences are gradually narrowing, while only the spatial differences in the green wealth index and the inter-regional differences in the green growth index are slightly expanding; (3) There is no obvious spatial clustering phenomenon in China’s green development level as a whole, and there is a positive spatial matching relationship between green development level and green wealth index and green growth index locally, which does not form a close correlation with green welfare index. The study proposes countermeasures based on stimulating the endogenous power of green development and narrowing the regional differences of green growth index, which are of reference value for China to promote green development in the context of carbon neutrality.
Response to: Letter to the Editor about ‘Making sense of competency-based medical education’

We thank the authors of the Letter to the Editor (Kassam et al. 2023) for raising excellent points about our scoping review (Hamza et al. 2023). Our goal with this work was to offer a synthesis and mapping of literary conversations about CBME since 1978 as both a resource and a prompt for further conversations about multiple aspects of competency-based medical education (CBME). The letter authors share that in their own program, ‘those who identified as men felt much better prepared for the transition to CBME than those who identified as women. ’ We suggest that gender differences in perception of preparedness are likely more related to persistent findings regarding to confidence gaps between men and women (Ehrlinger and Dunning 2003) than to actual preparation or issues specifically related to CBME. However, the authors do raise an important point about observed risks of gender inequity in assessment. This issue highlights the critically important need for ongoing monitoring for bias in assessment related to gender or other learner characteristics to inform strategies to counteract inequity in all learner assessment, including CBME programs (Klein et al. 2019). We agree with the letter authors’ concerns about the risks of reductionism and implementation issues overshadowing the larger goals of CBME to ensure desired outcomes of training. Attention to assessing and monitoring the progress of all learners, not just those in difficulty, is a core feature of CBME design (van Melle et al. 2019). The letter authors also identify ‘a significant omission regarding the individual and societal impacts of CBME. ’ We have analyzed and mapped the societal and individual impact of CBME in the article, with more details included in Supplementary Appendix C (Hamza et al. 2023), and we believe this content draws important focus to the larger goals of CBME to balance with the attention to implementation concerns. We agree with the letter authors about the unfortunate lack of sufficient research into the societal impacts of CBME to date. We propose a challenge to leaders across disciplines to balance vision and strategy with tactics and management as they implement and/or evaluate CBME in their contexts.
Anti‐CLL1‐based CAR T‐cells with 4‐1‐BB or CD28/CD27 stimulatory domains in treating childhood refractory/relapsed acute myeloid leukemia

Though the efficacy of anti C‐type lectin‐like molecule‐1 (CLL1) CAR T‐cells in refractory/relapsed acute myeloid leukemia (R/R‐AML) have been occasionally reported, the influence of co‐stimulatory domain CAR T‐cells is not investigated so far.
Relationships Between Parental Anxiety and Child Quality of Life in Advanced Childhood Cancer

Background: Family factors, such as household income and parental psychosocial distress, have been associated with quality of life in children with cancer. However, relationships between parent anxiety and child health-related quality of life (HRQoL) have not been evaluated in children with advanced cancer. Objective: To examine relationships between parent anxiety and both parent-reported and child self-reported HRQoL for children with advanced cancer. Method: Children (aged 5–17 years) with relapsed or refractory cancer and their parents participated in this single-institution cross-sectional study. Parents completed measures of their own baseline anxiety (State-Trait Anxiety Inventory–Trait [STAI-T] form) and their ill child's HRQoL (PedsQL Generic and PedsQL Cancer, parent report). Children completed age-specific PedsQL Generic and PedsQL Cancer, child report. Spearman's rho coefficients assessed correlations between total parent STAI-T score and both parent-reported and child-reported HRQoL scales. Results: Twenty children (Mage = 9.5 years, 50% female) and their 20 parents (90% mothers) participated. The strongest and statistically significant (p < .05) correlations were inverse associations between parental trait anxiety and parent-reported child psychosocial HRQoL (rs = −.54), emotional functioning (rs = −.49), school functioning (rs = −.45), and child pain and hurt (rs = −.45). Correlations of parental anxiety with all dimensions of child-reported HRQoL were generally smaller (rs < .40), positive, and not statistically significant (p > .05). Discussion: Given the inverse correlations between parental anxiety and child psychosocial HRQoL, assessment of parent mental health needs and access to interventions should be provided routinely for parents of children with advanced cancer.
Improved and computationally stable estimation of relative risk regression with one binary exposure

In medical statistics, when the effect of a binary risk factor on a binary response is of interest, relative risk is often the preferred measure due to its direct interpretation. However, statistical inference on this quantity is not as straightforward as for other measures of association, especially when further explanatory variables have to be taken into account. Starting from a review of available methods for inference on relative risk, this paper deals with small and moderate sample size settings for which we show that classical approaches can be problematic. For this reason, we propose the use of improved estimation procedures, aiming at mean or median bias reduction of the maximum likelihood estimator. In particular, these methods are developed for a new alternative specification of a model recently proposed by Richardson et al, where higher computational stability of the estimation methods is achieved. A real-data example and extensive simulation studies show that the proposed methods perform remarkably better than the standard ones.
REMARKS ON THE FULL DISPERSION KADOMTSEV-PETVIASHVLI EQUATION

We consider in this paper the Full Dispersion Kadomtsev-Petviashvili Equation (FDKP) introduced in [19] in order to overcome some shortcomings of the classical KP equation. We investigate its mathematical properties, emphasizing the differences with the Kadomtsev-Petviashvili equation and their relevance to the approximation of water waves. We also present some numerical simulations.
School-level determinants of incidence of sports-related concussion: Findings from the CARE Consortium

Objective Epidemiologic research on sports-related concussion (SRC) has focused on individual risk factors, with limited research on institutional risk factors and variability in concussion rates. Methods This study used data from 53,822 athletes-seasons collected at 30 United States sites (26 civilian institutions and 4 military service academies), from 2014/15 to 2018/19 academic years, by the Concussion Assessment, Research, and Education Consortium. School-level risk factors included competitive division (DI, DII, DIII), school type (military/civilian) and a Sport Risk Index (SRI; Low, Medium, High). For comparability between civilian institutions and military academies, only NCAA athletes and concussions in sports games and practices were included. Random intercepts log-binomial regression was used to estimate Risk Ratios (RRs) and model variability in SRC risk. Results A total of 2,503 SRCs were observed during the study period, including 829 competition SRCs (33%) and 1,674 practice SRCs (67%). Most variability in SRC risk was at the level of athlete or team (within-school), rather than at the school-level. Specifically, across the three SRC outcomes (all [competition and practice combined], competition-only, and practice-only), within-school variability was 5 to 7 times greater than between-school variability. Three school-level risk factors (Division, School Type, and SRI) accounted for over one-third (36%) of between-school variability. SRI was the strongest school-level predictor of SRC risk (RR = 5.7; 95%CI: 4.2, 7.6 for High vs. Low). SRC risk was higher for Division I compared to Divisions II/III (RR = 1.6; 95%CI: 0.9, 2.9 for DI vs. DIII), and military academies had a moderately elevated risk of SRC (RR = 1.4; 95%CI: 0.7, 2.7). Conclusion A large portion of the apparent variability between schools was attributable to structural factors (sport risk and competitive level), suggesting that there were minimal systemic differences in concussion identification between schools. While most variability is within-school, understanding school-level determinants of concussion risk may still be important in providing the implementation science context for individual-level interventions.
An Improved Image Matching Algorithm Based on Gray Value Projection

In order to accelerate the speed of image matching algorithm based on gray value,the paper used the SSDA to match one dimension data which had picked up based on one dimension projection of gray value,so we got an improved image matching algorithm based on gray value projection.The results confirm that the algorithm improved the speed of image matching while the precision was not changing.
Anticoagulation therapy and clinical outcomes following transcatheter mitral valve repair for patients with mitral regurgitation: A meta‐analysis

Transcatheter mitral valve repair (TMVR) using MitraClip (MC) is now an established technique in the interventional treatment of mitral regurgitation. Common complications after MC procedure are bleeding and ischemic events. However, 2017 ESC/EACTS and 2020 ACC/AHA did not give a clear antithrombotic protocol, the policy has been based on clinical experience. Here, we performed a meta‐analysis comparing outcomes with and without the addition of anticoagulants after TMVR. We searched the Cochrane Library, EMBASE, PubMed, and Web of Science from inception to October 6, 2022 to identify studies with or without the use of anticoagulants after TMVR. From each study, we extracted the number of people with bleeding, stroke, combined endpoints, and all‐cause death. Five observational cohort studies were included, enrolling a total of 1892 patients undergoing TMVR who were assigned to either the anticoagulation group (n = 1209) or the no‐anticoagulation group (n = 683). Pooled analysis showed a significantly lower stroke rate in the anticoagulated group (at least 4 weeks duration) compared with the non‐anticoagulated group (RR [95% CI] = 0.14 [0.0−0.77], p = 0.02), and similar rates of bleeding, combined endpoints, and all‐cause death in both groups (RR [95% CI] = 0.76 [0.48−1.22], p = 0.26), (RR [95% CI] = 0.52 [0.10−2.63], p = 0.43), and (RR [95% CI] = 0.89 [0.58−1.35], p = 0.58). We observed a reduced risk of stroke without elevated risk of bleeding, combined endpoints, or all‐cause death in patients using anticoagulants (at least 4 weeks duration) after TMVR compared to no anticoagulants.
Environmental Stability of Enveloped Viruses Is Impacted by Initial Volume and Evaporation Kinetics of Droplets

During the COVID-19 pandemic, policy decisions were being driven by virus stability experiments with SARS-CoV-2 in different droplet volumes under various humidity conditions. Our study, the first of its kind, provides a model for the decay of multiple enveloped RNA viruses in cell culture medium deposited in 50-, 5-, and 1-μL droplets at 40%, 65%, and 85% RH over time. ABSTRACT Efficient spread of respiratory viruses requires the virus to maintain infectivity in the environment. Environmental stability of viruses can be influenced by many factors, including temperature and humidity. Our study measured the impact of initial droplet volume (50, 5, and 1 μL) and relative humidity (RH; 40%, 65%, and 85%) on the stability of influenza A virus, bacteriophage Phi6 (a common surrogate for enveloped viruses), and severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) under a limited set of conditions. Our data suggest that the drying time required for the droplets to reach quasi-equilibrium (i.e., a plateau in mass) varied with RH and initial droplet volume. The macroscale physical characteristics of the droplets at quasi-equilibrium varied with RH but not with the initial droplet volume. Virus decay rates differed between the wet phase, while the droplets were still evaporating, and the dry phase. For Phi6, decay was faster in the wet phase than in the dry phase under most conditions. For H1N1pdm09, decay rates between the two phases were distinct and initial droplet volume had an effect on virus viability within 2 h. Importantly, we observed differences in virus decay characteristics by droplet size and virus. In general, influenza virus and SARS-CoV-2 decayed similarly, whereas Phi6 decayed more rapidly under certain conditions. Overall, this study suggests that virus decay in media is related to the extent of droplet evaporation, which is controlled by RH. Importantly, accurate assessment of transmission risk requires the use of physiologically relevant droplet volumes and careful consideration of the use of surrogates. IMPORTANCE During the COVID-19 pandemic, policy decisions were being driven by virus stability experiments with SARS-CoV-2 in different droplet volumes under various humidity conditions. Our study, the first of its kind, provides a model for the decay of multiple enveloped RNA viruses in cell culture medium deposited in 50-, 5-, and 1-μL droplets at 40%, 65%, and 85% RH over time. The results of our study indicate that determination of half-lives for emerging pathogens in large droplets may overestimate transmission risk for contaminated surfaces, as observed during the COVID-19 pandemic. Our study implicates the need for the use of physiologically relevant droplet sizes with use of relevant surrogates in addition to what is already known about the importance of physiologically relevant media for risk assessment of future emerging pathogens.