Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Activation of an MAP kinase cascade leads to Sir3p hyperphosphorylation and strengthens transcriptional silencing

During cell division and growth, the nucleus and chromosomes are remodeled for DNA replication and cell type-specific transcriptional control. The yeast silencing protein Sir3p functions in both chromosome structure and in transcriptional regulation. Specifically, Sir3p is critical for the maintenance of telomere structure and for transcriptional repression at both the silent mating-type loci and telomeres. We demonstrate that Sir3p becomes hyperphosphorylated in response to mating pheromone, heat shock, and starvation. Cells exposed to pheromone arrest in G1 of the cell cycle, yet G1 arrest is neither necessary nor sufficient for pheromone-induced Sir3p hyperphosphorylation. Rather, hyperphosphorylation of Sir3p requires the mitogen-activated protein (MAP) kinase pathway genes STE11, STE7, FUS3/KSS1, and STE12, indicating that an intact signal transduction pathway is crucial for this Sir3p phosphorylation event. Constitutive activation of the pheromone-response MAP kinase cascade in an STE11-4 strain leads to hyperphosphorylation of Sir3p and increased Sir3p- dependent transcriptional silencing at telomeres. Regulated phosphorylation of Sir3p may thus be a mechanistically significant means for modulating silencing. Together, these observations suggest a novel role for MAP kinase signal transduction in coordinating chromatin structure and nuclear organization for transcriptional silencing.
Why does subjectivity make us nervous

Many occupations require people to draw on their experience to make decisions based on intuition and subjective judgement; this includes craft‐ and skill‐based tasks, and the more cognitive tasks associated with strategic decision‐making by senior managers. Discussion of the processes involved tends to regard them as somehow inappropriate or illegitimate, excessively subjective because not open to scrutiny. The repertory grid is a powerful and precise way of making tacit knowledge explicit; moreover, it rests on a detailed and epistemologically convincing theory of knowledge, personal construct psychology. Both have been used in a great variety of occupations, and this paper will sample some of them, concentrating on the identification of the intuitive factors involved in bank commercial lending, and venture capital investment, decision processes. The willingness of financial institutions to support, and their reluctance to adopt, this particular approach to the identification of tacit knowledge will also be examined.
Refining Anomalistic Malicious Attacks in Sovereign Setup

— Internet is a widely used technology, globally interconnected networks with the use of standard Internet protocols (IP) to aid abundance of users across the globe. Recently, Internet is afflicted by malicious actions such as spam, phishing to malware, denial-of-service (DoS), Man in the middle attack, Eavesdropping attacks etc. Much of it’s prospered enemies on attack of compromised hosts, which are scattered throughout the IP networks and starts intruding the network. Malicious activity is not necessarily to be uniformly distributed across the Internet: some networks may occupy lax security, resulting in large populations of compromised machines, while others may secure the network from deleterious attacks. This paper, we concentrates on the three frequently occurring malicious attacks such as Botnet attack, Phishing attack, DDOS attack, by detecting and providing countermeasures. Thereby, we conclude that Sovereign setup can be refined as malicious free attacks for the future network.
Learning Adaptive Correlations of Independent Components for Complex Cell Modeling

Motivated in part by the hierarchical processing of the cortex, we build an unsupervised network learning the properties of complex cells in V1. Unlike traditional methods, we model the binary relation among these complex cells, which makes our network less constrained and more adaptive for the connectivity among these cells. The obtained filters not only emerge properties similar to those of complex cells, but show more local structures than traditional method such as TICA.
Impact of finite rate feedback on the performance of chunk-based multiuser OFDM systems

This paper investigates the Weighted Sum Rate Maximization (WSRmax) problem with power constraint in multiuser OFDM systems. The resource allocation is implemented by exploiting quantized channel state information (CSI) of pilot subcarriers. The CSI of non-pilot subcarriers is obtained by linear interpolation at the base station (BS). To reduce the complexity of the resource allocation, adjacent subcarriers are grouped into chunks and all subcarriers within one chunk are allocated to the same user. Three different feedback schemes, including accurate CSI feedback, quantized CSI feedback and partial quantized CSI feedback are considered. By comparing the performance of the three schemes, we find out the impact of finite rate feedback on the performance of chunk-based multiuser OFDM systems.
Roles : From Objects , Security and Databases Perspective

A role paradigm conformance model (RPCM) called Typehole model was developed and implemented in Java. It does not use Is-role-of inheritance and is free from the object schizophrenia (OS) problem (OSP). An extended distributed role model provides multifarious role hierarchies at different sites. Modeling object role systems is prone to OSP. OSP is the error in the RPCM design to subscribe to the viewpoints in the client space. OS and OSP are contrasted. A classification of OSPs is made. Role modeling problem is the requirement to design an OSP-free RPCM with Is-role-of inheritance. The existing object-oriented role models have been evaluated as regards OSP. No role model has strong claims as regards solving the role modeling problem. A security model was developed for RPCM-based distributed object systems and implemented on CORBA. By designing message filter hierarchies, hybrid security is developed at global and local levels for RPCM-based object systems. Role is either abstract or concrete as it can be a type or an instance. Roles: The Diverse Approaches Roles community have taken diverse approaches in providing the role mechanism support. In this section, we present the definitional details of the role mechanism, roles properties and the approaches taken by the pattern community and the database community in extending objects with roles. The object community in general agree on the significance of the concept of role for object modeling. Nevertheless, there is little agreement about the definition and semantics of role; for example, the standardization experts of RM-ODP are not sure of whether role is a type or an instance concept. This is found an issue of confusion in the UML standard, and prevents ISO experts from a broad consensus and finalizing a language for ODP enterprise modeling. Roles are also of consideration by cognitive experts (Chandra Sekharaiah K. & Upakaram Gopal 2004) for understanding psycho-neuro systems and in system modeling (Upakaram Gopal & Chandra Sekharaiah K. 2003). Copyright c © 2005, American Association for Artificial Intelligence (www.aaai.org). All rights reserved. Role: The Definition Problem In (Guy Genilloud & Alain Wegman 2000a), the current RM-ODP definition of roles is: Role: Identifier for a behavior, which may appear as a parameter in a template for a composite object, and which is associated with one of the component objects of the com-
The White Researcher in the Black Community: A Dilemma.

ABSTRACT There should be little doubt in the mind of the educational researcher that many of the past research efforts in the # black community have resulted in an enormous disservice to the children residing there. However, the future for educational research in the black community has the potential to be infinitely better and ultimately more beneficial. To provide a more definitive perspective on the current dilemma it is necessary to consider some of the major problems confronting us as white researchers seeking answers to many 3 of the continually pervasive educational issues. First and paramount 1
Security Aspects in Networks-on-Chips: Overview and Proposals for Secure Implementations

Security has gained increasing relevance in the development of embedded devices. Towards the aim of a secure system at each level of the design, in this paper we address security aspects related to networks-on-chips (NoCs) architectures. After presenting the attacks most likely to address NoCs, we survey existing academic and industrial secure architectures relevant to our case, focusing in particular on their communication infrastructure. We outline and propose possible solutions to contrast some of the attacks described and suggest the use of the NoC as a mean to monitor and detect unexpected system behaviors.
A facial recognition method based on 3-D images analysis for intuitive human-system interaction

Facial recognition technology is an important part of human-system interaction, which can be used in ID verification, man-machine interface, etc. Many methods based on the analysis of a color image have been proposed. However, the real-time performance or accuracy of the existing recognition approaches is not satisfying, which can be influenced by factors such as lighting environment, position change, face make-up, etc. In this paper, we propose a facial recognition method based on three-dimensional (3-D) images measurement and 3-D image histogram analysis. We use the optimal intensity-modulation pattern projection (OIMP) technique to obtain the 3-D information of face. Since the OIMP technique needs only one single projection, it is easy to apply to human face measurement. The recognition procedure of the method we proposed is as follow. First, set up a 3-D database to store facial information obtained by using OIMP measurement technique. Only the front face images are needed. Second, capture the 3-D face image of the identified person. Then do the recognition by comparing histogram of saved 3-D image in database with the captured 3-D image. If the degree of histograms' similarity of the two 3-D images is the maximum and the value is higher than a certain threshold, then the user can be determined to be the right person. To verify the feasibility of the method, we have a group of testers including male and female of different ages and conduct a verification experiment. In the different lighting environments and different angles for faces, the average recognition accuracy was higher than 90%.
PROSPECTS FOR GROWTH AND POVERTY REDUCTION IN ZAMBIA, 2001-2015

"Zambia is one of the poorest countries in Africa. Despite substantial reform during the 1990s, the economy has remained heavily dependent on urban-based mining. Copper's long-standing dominance led to a strong bias against agriculture, which undermined the sector's growth and export potential. Consequently poverty has remained concentrated within marginalized rural areas. Recent volatility in copper exports and growing foreign debt indicate the need for further economic diversification and pro-poor growth. These needs have been clearly identified in the country's Poverty Reduction Strategy Paper (PRSP), which outlines a series of policy objectives aimed at combating HIV/AIDS, reversing the deterioration of education and rural infrastructure, and accelerating agricultural growth. This paper uses a computable general equilibrium (CGE) model to assess the potential impact on inequality and poverty of the key PRSP policies, as well as the effects of foreign debt forgiveness and changes in the copper sector. The findings suggest that, in the absence of very rapid growth, the pro-poor policies outlined in the PRSP will not enable Zambia to reach its Millennium Development Goal (MDG) of halving poverty by 2015. Achieving this goal will require gross domestic product (GDP) to grow at an annual rate of over ten percent. Reduction in poverty can however be achieved by addressing HIV/AIDS, which currently reduces annual GDP growth by one percent. Furthermore, substantial poverty-reduction can occur through the acceleration of agricultural growth, although limited market opportunities necessitates supporting investment in rural infrastructure. Overall, the potential of the agricultural sector depends on the government's commitment to reforms and the continued removal of the antiagricultural bias created by the dominant copper sector. " Authors' Abstract
Membrane Properties of Striatal Direct and Indirect Pathway Neurons in Mouse and Rat Slices and Their Modulation by Dopamine

D1 and D2 receptor expressing striatal medium spiny neurons (MSNs) are ascribed to striatonigral (“direct”) and striatopallidal (“indirect”) pathways, respectively, that are believed to function antagonistically in motor control. Glutamatergic synaptic transmission onto the two types is differentially affected by Dopamine (DA), however, less is known about the effects on MSN intrinsic electrical properties. Using patch clamp recordings, we comprehensively characterized the two pathways in rats and mice, and investigated their DA modulation. We identified the direct pathway by retrograde labeling in rats, and in mice we used transgenic animals in which EGFP is expressed in D1 MSNs. MSNs were subjected to a series of current injections to pinpoint differences between the populations, and in mice also following bath application of DA. In both animal models, most electrical properties were similar, however, membrane excitability as measured by step and ramp current injections consistently differed, with direct pathway MSNs being less excitable than their counterparts. DA had opposite effects on excitability of D1 and D2 MSNs, counteracting the initial differences. Pronounced changes in AP shape were seen in D2 MSNs. In direct pathway MSNs, excitability increased across experimental conditions and parameters, and also when applying DA or the D1 agonist SKF-81297 in presence of blockers of cholinergic, GABAergic, and glutamatergic receptors. Thus, DA induced changes in excitability were D1 R mediated and intrinsic to direct pathway MSNs, and not a secondary network effect of altered synaptic transmission. DAergic modulation of intrinsic properties therefore acts in a synergistic manner with previously reported effects of DA on afferent synaptic transmission and dendritic processing, supporting the antagonistic model for direct vs. indirect striatal pathway function.
The Shackle-Vickers Approach to Decision-Making in Ignorance

Ignorance is a fact of economic life. All decision-makers face decision situations with incomplete information. On the one hand, the world is so complex that the individual is unable to collect, much less assimilate, more than a small fraction of the relevant data. On the other, human beings do not possess the ability to analyze what data they have beyond a few simplified, coarsely approximating propositions. Thus the decision context, including the set of options from which the decision-maker chooses, is often imprecise and fuzzy. Moreover, even if one knew and understood everything there is to know and understand about the present decision moment, it would still not be possible to anticipate all future consequences of each choice option. The unexpected can-and often does-occur. For the decision-maker, then, ignorance arises both from his incompetence to know and understand fully the past and the present, as well as from the impossibility of foreseeing the future. The reality of ignorance, however, is only just beginning to have an impact on the economic analysis of decision-making. Most studies assume it away, either by supposing that there is only one state of the world and this state is completely recognizable (as, for example, in the typical approach to the utility-maximizing consumer under certainty; see Katzner, 1970), or by postulating that there are many possible and describable states of the world, each subset of which having a (possibly
A wide tuning range and constant gain VCO for radio frequency application

A wide-tuning-range and constant gain ring voltage controlled oscillator (VCO) is presented for radio frequency application. The circuit is implemented in 90nm RF CMOS 1.2 V process technology. The biasing circuit utilizes the concept of voltage controlled voltage source to increase the tuning range as well as to obtain a constant gain (KVCO) within the operating range. This results in a rail-to-rail control voltage (0 V–1.2 V). The oscillation frequency of the designed VCO ranges from 2.42 GHz to 12.12 GHz (S band to X band). The 1 MHz offset phase noise of the VCO for an output frequency of 12.12 GHz is found to be −78.87 dBc/Hz without applying any phase noise reduction technique. The circuit consumes a very low power of 2.47 mW at the maximum operating frequency of 12.12 GHz from a power supply of 1.2 V. The layout of the whole VCO circuit occupies an area of 0.001 mm2.
Frames and OWL Side by Side

Understanding the relation of the two most widely-used ontology modeling paradigms, OWL (and other DL paradigm) to frame paradigms is an important issue. Because the Protege tool supports both paradigms within a single overall framework, it provides an opportunity to compare the two paradigms both in theory and practice. In this paper, we focus on the relationship between the Frames paradigm, as defined in the OKBC specification 1 and implemented in core Protege, and OWL and its implementation in Protege-OWL. OWL provides three increasingly expressive sublanguages, OWL Lite, OWL DL, and OWL Full, for different communities of users. In this paper, we will primarily use OWL DL as the basis for comparison, as OWL DL provides the description-logic reasoning capabilities that are the distinctive features of OWL. Therefore, unless otherwise noted, when we use “OWL”, we are actually referring to OWL DL. Contrastingly, there is not a single standard frame representation language analogous to OWL. The past standardization effort has produced the Open Knowledge-Base Connectivity (OKBC) protocol, which is a generic access and manipulation layer for knowledge representation services. For the purpose of this paper, we will primarily use the Protege-Frames implementation of the OKBC Knowledge Model. When appropriate, we comment on features of frame representations that may not be available in Protege. Unless otherwise noted, when we use “Frames,” we are actually referring to Protege-Frames.
Assessing Early Warning Systems: How Have They Worked in Practice?

Since 1999, IMF staff have been tracking several early warning system (EWS) models of currency crisis. The results have been mixed. One of the long-horizon models has performed well relative to pure guesswork and to available non-model-based forecasts, such as agency ratings and private analysts' currency crisis risk scores. The data do not speak clearly on the other long-horizon EWS model. The two short-horizon private sector models generally performed poorly.
Reference Gene Selection for Quantitative Real-time PCR Normalization in Caragana intermedia under Different Abiotic Stress Conditions

Quantitative real-time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (qPCR), a sensitive technique for gene expression analysis, depends on the stability of the reference genes used for data normalization. Caragana intermedia, a native desert shrub with strong drought-resistance, sand-fixing capacity and high forage value that is widespread in the desert land of west and northwest China, has not been investigated regarding the identification of reference genes suitable for the normalization of qPCR data. In this study, 10 candidate reference genes were analyzed in C. intermedia subjected to different abiotic (osmotic, salt, cold and heat) stresses, in two distinct plant organs (roots and leaves). The expression stability of these genes was assessed using geNorm, NormFinder and BestKeeper algorithms. The best-ranked reference genes differed across the different sets of samples, but UNK2, PP2A and SAND were the most stable across all tested samples. UNK2 and SAND would be appropriate for normalizing gene expression data for salt-treated roots, whereas the combination of UNK2, SAND and EF-1α would be appropriate for salt-treated leaves. UNK1, UNK2 and PP2A would be appropriate for PEG-treated (osmotic) roots, whereas the combination of TIP41 and PP2A was the most suitable for PEG-treated leaves. SAND, PP2A and TIP41 exhibited the most stable expression in heat-treated leaves. In cold-treated leaves, SAND and EF-1α were the most stably expressed. To further validate the suitability of the reference genes identified in this study, the expression levels of DREB1 and DREB2 (homologs of AtDREB1 and AtDREB2) were studied in parallel. This study is the first systematic analysis for the selection of superior reference genes for qPCR in C. intermedia under different abiotic stress conditions, and will benefit future studies on gene expression in C. intermedia and other species of the leguminous genus Caragana.
Symmetric Key Cryptosystem

Symmetric encryption, also referred to as conventional encryption or single key encryption was the only type of encryption in use prior to the development of public-key encryption in 1976. The symmetric encryption scheme has five ingredients (see Figure 1): 1. Plaintext: This is the original intelligible message or data that is fed to the algorithm as input. 2. Encryption algorithm: The encryption algorithm performs various substitutions and permutations on the plaintext (see the examples of the substitution and permutation ciphers in Lecture 8). 3. Secret Key: The secret key is also input to the encryption algorithm. The exact substitutions and permutations performed depend on the key used, and the algorithm will produce a different output depending on the specific key being used at the time. 4. Ciphertext: This is the scrambled message produced as output. It depends on the plaintext and the key. The ciphertext is an apparently random stream of data, as it stands, is unintelligible. 5. Decryption Algorithm: This is essentially the encryption algorithm run in reverse. It takes the ciphertext and the secret key and produces the original plaintext. There are two requirements for a symmetric key cryptosystem 1. We assume it is impractical to decrypt a message on the basis of the ciphertext plus knowledge of the encryption/decryption algorithm. In other words, we do not need to keep the algorithm secret; we need to keep only the key secret. 2. Sender and the receiver must have obtained copies of the secret key in a secure fashion and must keep the key secure. If someone can discover the key and knows the algorithm, all communications using this key is readable. We will describe how we can use a public-key cryptosystem for a secure key exchange later in this lecture.
Analysis for Status of the Road Accident Occurance and Determination of the Risk of Accident by Machine Learning in Istanbul

The traffic has been transformed into the difficult structure in points of designing and managing by the reason of increasing number of vehicle. This situation has discovered road accidents problem, influenced public health and country economy and done the studies on solution of the problem. Large calibrated data agglomerations have increased by the reasons of the technological improvements and data storage with low cost. Arising the need of accession to information from this large calibrated data obtained the corner stone of the data mining. In this study, assignment of the most compatible machine learning classification techniques for road accidents estimation by data mining has been intended.
Atrazine Citation for Most Recent Iarc Review

Current evaluation Conclusions from the previous Monograph: Atrazine is not classifiable as to its carcinogenicity to humans (Group 3). There is inadequate evidence in humans for the carcinogenicity of atrazine. There is sufficient evidence in experimental animals for the carcinogenicity of atrazine. The Working Group concluded that the animal mammary tumors associated with exposure to atrazine involve a non-DNA-reactive, hormonally mediated mechanism that is not relevant to humans.