Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Querying RDF streams with C-SPARQL

Continuous SPARQL (C-SPARQL) is a new language for continuous queries over streams of RDF data. CSPARQL queries consider windows, i.e., the most recent triples of such streams, observed while data is continuously flowing. Supporting streams in RDF format guarantees interoperability and opens up important applications, in which reasoners can deal with knowledge evolving over time. Examples of such application domains include real-time reasoning over sensors, urban computing, and social semantic data. In this paper, we present the C-SPARQL language extensions in terms of both syntax and examples. Finally, we discuss existing applications that already use C-SPARQL and give an outlook on future research opportunities.
A Methodology to Characterize Substrate Noise Currents Injected by Digital IP Cores

During the operation of larger digital circuits, a considerable number of gates can switch in a clock cycle. Each transition usually involves the injection of part of the current directly into the substrate by means of mechanisms which will be discussed later on. This current is perceived as noise by the surrounding sensitive devices and it is referred to as switching noise. Due to the high complexity of the designs, their unpredictable time behavior (because of the possibly huge dimension of the input space) and the number of different physical phenomena involved, an exact modeling is almost impossible. To date, most of the published works are on the propagation of the noise through the substrate, and some lumped linear models have been developed[2][3][4]. Contradictory results are found in the literature: in [5] the models are shown to be valid up to 40 GHz, while in [6] good approximation is found only up to 5 GHz. Some work has also been devoted to efficient techniques to numerically simulate the substrate coupling [2], but with the exception of SUBWAVE, no work has been devoted to circuit level substrate current injection.
A method for simultaneously increasing transparency and stability robustness in bilateral telemanipulation

Describes a design technique for simultaneously increasing the transparency bandwidth and stability robustness of a two-channel position-force bilateral teleoperation architecture. Specifically, the stability and performance enhancements are obtained by introducing a dynamic compensator into the system to shape the frequency-domain properties of the human-teleoperator-environment loop. This design technique is demonstrated in a single degree-of-freedom numerical example.
Direct interaction of eag domains and cyclic nucleotide–binding homology domains regulate deactivation gating in hERG channels

Human ether-á-go-go (eag)-related gene (hERG) potassium channels play a critical role in cardiac repolarization and are characterized by unusually slow closing (deactivation) kinetics. The N-terminal “eag” domain and a C-terminal C-linker/cyclic nucleotide–binding homology domain (CNBHD) are required for regulation of slow deactivation. The region between the S4 and S5 transmembrane domains (S4–S5 linker) is also implicated in this process, but the mechanism for regulation of slow deactivation is unclear. Here, using an eag domain–deleted channel (hERG Δeag) fused to Citrine fluorescent protein, we found that most channels bearing individual alanine mutations in the S4–S5 linker were directly regulated by recombinant eag domains fused to a cyan fluorescent protein (N-eag-CFP) and had robust Förster resonance energy transfer (FRET). Additionally, a channel bearing a group of eight alanine residues in the S4–S5 linker was not measurably regulated by N-eag-CFP domains, but robust FRET was measured. These findings demonstrate that the eag domain associated with all of the S4–S5 linker mutant channels. In contrast, channels that also lacked the CNBHD (hERG Δeag ΔCNBHD-Citrine) were not measurably regulated by N-eag-CFP nor was FRET detected, suggesting that the C-linker/CNBHD was required for eag domains to directly associate with the channel. In a FRET hybridization assay, N-eag-CFP had robust FRET with a C-linker/CNBHD-Citrine, suggesting a direct and specific interaction between the eag domain and the C-linker/CNBHD. Lastly, coexpression of a hERG subunit lacking the CNBHD and the distal C-terminal region (hERG ΔpCT-Citrine) with hERG Δeag-CFP subunits had FRET and partial restoration of slow deactivation. Collectively, these findings reveal that the C-linker/CNBHD, but not the S4–S5 linker, was necessary for the eag domain to associate with the channel, that the eag domain and the C-linker/CNBHD were sufficient for a direct interaction, and that an intersubunit interaction between the eag domain and the C-linker/CNBHD regulated slow deactivation in hERG channels at the plasma membrane.
From Plasminogen to Plasmin: Role of Plasminogen Receptors in Human Cancer

Cell surface-associated proteolysis mediated by plasmin (PLA) is an essential feature of wound healing, angiogenesis and cell invasion, processes that are dysregulated in cancer development, progression and systemic spread. The generation of PLA, initiated by the binding of its precursor plasminogen (PLG) to the cell surface, is regulated by an array of activators, inhibitors and receptors. In this review, we will highlight the importance of the best-characterized components of the PLG/PLA cascade in the pathogenesis of cancer focusing on the role of the cell surface-PLG receptors (PLG-R). PLG-R overexpression has been associated with poor prognosis of cancer patients and resistance to chemotherapy. We will also discuss recent findings on the molecular mechanisms regulating cell surface expression and distribution of PLG-R.
Capability Descriptions for Problem-Solving Methods

Several members of the HPKB Problem Solving Methods working group have been asked to describe their own (or preferred) problem solving method(s) (PSMs) in terms of its capabilities, and to suggest a language for representing problem solving methods. A number of capability attributes have been suggested by the co-ordinator of the working group as a “first cut”; these can be seen in Section 5 below. After some internal discussion at AIAI, we concluded that the identification of a set of capabilities for describing problem solving methods adequately was a non-trivial task that ought to draw on a number of threads of research. The result of our discussions is this paper, in which we draw on several sources to produce a recommended list of capability attributes for problem solving methods. In an example in section 4, we apply these attributes to one PSM from the CommonKADS library of generic inference structures; generic inference structures can be viewed as conceptual-level (implementation-independent) PSMs. When we consider a language for representing PSMs, we are choosing a formalism for representing our capability descriptions of PSMs. For this, we need to be clear about who will be using the PSM capability description and for what purpose. The ultimate use may be the automated configuration of PSMs, but human knowledge engineers will be the initial users (method constructors) and human domain experts may also be users. A variety of languages could therefore be necessary [3]: natural language, a semi-formal representation, and possibly a logical representation. We will therefore delay the task of suggesting a language to represent our proposed capability attributes until the attributes themselves, and the purposes to which they will be put, have been discussed.
VFiasco Towards a Provably Correct -Kernel

In this note we suggest to combine the recent developments in two different areas of computer science. First, μ–kernels of the second generation make it possible to structure operating systems into several parts with smaller interfaces. These interfaces can be enforced through the separation of address spaces. Second, powerful tools for theorem proving and new approaches to software verification make it possible to analyze software of considerable size. Through the combination of these two points it seems possible to apply formal method to operating system software. This note presents the VFiasco project that aims at the mechanical verification of security-relevant properties of the Fiasco μ-kernel developed at Dresden University. The project is based on a successfully completed case study.
Facilitating Time Critical Information Seeking in Social Media

Social media plays a major role in helping people affected by natural calamities. These people use social media to request information and help in situations where time is a critical commodity. However, generic social media platforms like Twitter and Facebook are not conducive for obtaining answers promptly. Algorithms to ensure prompt responders for questions in social media have to understand and model the factors affecting their response time. In this paper, we draw from sociological studies on information seeking and organizational behavior to identify users who can provide timely and relevant responses to questions posted on social media. We first draw from these theories to model the future availability and past response behavior of the candidate responders and integrate these criteria with user relevance. We propose a learning algorithm from these criteria to derive optimal rankings of responders for a given question. We present questions posted on Twitter as a form of information seeking activity in social media and use them to evaluate our framework. Our experiments demonstrate that the proposed framework is useful in identifying timely and relevant responders for questions in social media.
The Long Road to 64 Bits

Shakespeare’s words often cover circumstances beyond his wildest dreams. Toil and trouble accompany major computing transitions, even when people plan ahead. To calibrate “tomorrow’s legacy today,” we should study “tomorrow’s legacy yesterday. ” Much of tomorrow’s software will still be driven by decades-old decisions. Past decisions have unanticipated side effects that last decades and can be difficult to undo.
Home Bias in Online Investments: An Empirical Study of an Online Crowdfunding Market

An extensive literature in economics and finance has documented home bias , the tendency that transactions are more likely to occur between parties in the same geographical area rather than outside. Using data from a large online crowdfunding marketplace and employing a quasi-experimental design, we find evidence that home bias still exists in this virtual marketplace for financial products. Furthermore, through a series of empirical tests, we show that rationality-based explanations cannot fully explain such behavior and that behavioral reasons at least partially drive this remarkable phenomenon. As crowdfunding becomes an alternative and increasingly appealing channel for financing, a better understanding of home bias in this new context provides important managerial, practical, and policy implications. This paper was accepted by Lee Fleming, entrepreneurship and innovation .
The cortical dynamics of speaking: present shortcomings and future avenues

ABSTRACT A central question in the cognitive neuroscience of language production concerns the cortical activation time-course by which different word production components become available to the speaker. According to the dominant neurocognitive model of word production, this is achieved in a sequential fashion where each of the linguistic components involved in speaking has its specific time-course and dedicated processing centre in the brain [Indefrey, P., & Levelt, W. J. M. (2004). The spatial and temporal signatures of word production components. Cognition, 92(1–2), 101–144. doi:10.1016/j.cognition. 2002.06. 001]. Language production would initiate with lexico-semantic processes reflected in posterior brain regions and slowly move “upwards” through the representational formats until an articulatory programme is activated in anterior brain regions. In this opinion piece, we raise three critical issues aimed at questioning the strict feedforward and serial conceptualisation of the spatiotemporal dynamics engendering word production. Concretely, we address the following three topics: (1) Are the data supporting the model or the model supporting the data? We conclude that, despite the evidence supporting the notion of some local sequentiality underpinning speech preparation in the brain, there is insufficient explicit spatiotemporal evidence to support the notion that such local sequenciality by itself is enough to explain how the brain computes language; (2) What is the role of top-down processing on the spatiotemporal dynamics? We argue that if top-down processes such as goal-directed behaviour and attention can proactively modulate the linguistic system, the spatiotemporal correlates of word production components should likewise be regarded as context-depend and speaker-adaptive; (3) Can we map psycholinguistic stages onto the brain in a one-to-one fashion? We advocate to start considering, above and beyond the feedforward anatomical connectedness that underpin traditional sequential hierarchical models, other types of neural communication such as neural coherence, feedback projections and reverberatory brain activity in order to mechanistically explain how basic brain properties sustain language production.
GGA-AAM: Novel heuristic method of gradient driven Genetic Algorithm for Active Appearance Models

This paper proposes an optimization technique of gradient based genetic algorithm (GGA) to make a robust, efficient and real time face alignment application for embedded systems. It uses 2.5D Active Appearance Model (AAM) for the face search, the model is generated by taking 3D landmarks and 2D texture of the face image. 3D face alignment requires to optimize 6DOF (Degrees of Freedom) pose and appearance parameters of AAM. These parameters span in a huge face search space. Genetic Algorithm (GA) searches face globally whereas gradient descent helps GA to search face locally. In other words exploitation property of gradient descent and exploration property of GA are combined to make an efficient optimization system. For this combination we propose a new gradient operator in GA, which functions in conjunction with the existing operator of mutation in GA. Thus it does not increase the computational cost of the system. We compare it with classical search algorithm by gradient descent. Face poses of SUPELECpsila08 and Pointingpsila04 databases are estimated and results validate the efficiency, accuracy and robustness achieved.
Patterns of brain atrophy in frontotemporal dementia and semantic dementia

Objective: To identify and compare the patterns of cerebral atrophy associated with two clinical variants of frontotemporal lobar degeneration (FTLD): frontotemporal dementia (FTD) and semantic dementia (SemD). Methods: Twenty patients with FTLD were classified as having FTD (N = 8) or SemD (N = 12) based on current clinical criteria. Both groups showed a similar spectrum of behavioral abnormalities, as indicated by the neuropsychiatric inventory. T1-weighted MRI was obtained for each patient and 20 control subjects. The regions of focal gray matter tissue loss associated with both FTD and SemD, as well as those differing between the two groups were examined using voxel-based morphometry. Results: Regions of significant atrophy seen in both groups were located in the ventromedial frontal cortex, the posterior orbital frontal regions bilaterally, the insula bilaterally, and the left anterior cingulate cortex. The FTD, but not the SemD, group showed atrophy in the right dorsolateral frontal cortex and the left premotor cortex. The SemD, but not the FTD, group showed tissue loss in the anterior temporal cortex and the amygdala/anterior hippocampal region bilaterally. Conclusions: Although FTD and SemD are associated with different overall patterns of brain atrophy, regions of gray matter tissue loss in the orbital frontal, insular, and anterior cingulate regions are present in both groups. The authors suggest that pathology in the areas of atrophy associated with both FTD and SemD may underlie some the behavioral symptoms seen in the two disorders.
Maximum acceptable concentrations of dbds, sulphur mercaptan and optimal concentration of passivators for safe and prolonged operation of power transformers

The study presents the results of experimental investigation of finding out the maximum acceptable concentrations of DBDS, sulfur mercaptan, and optimal concentration of passivator for safe and prolonged operation of power transformers in the local environmental conditions of Saudi Arabia. For experimental investigation of optimal concentrations of DBDS and sulfur mercaptan, new oil free of sulfur compounds was acquired. Four specimens of this were spiked with different concentrations of DBDS and another four with free sulfur mercaptan RSH concentrations. The covered conductor deposition (CCD) tests were performed in accordance with IEC 62535 method on all the specimens. Next, to study the effect of passivator concentrations and temperatures on corrosive sulfur formation, 10 specimens from new oil were spiked with different concentrations of BTA and Irgamet 39. Copper strips were immersed in these specimens and the vials containing the oil and the copper strips were subjected to different temperature from 50 to 150°C for 24 hours in the oven. The experimental results indicated that the concentration of DBDS should always be <;4 ppm and sulfur mercaptan <; 1 ppm in the new oils before putting in to the service. Based on the effectiveness of the passivators, BTA was found to be effective with 50 ppm concentration at 150°C compared to Irgamet 39 which was effective only with 150 ppm concentration.
The Dynamics of Party Support: Cohort-Analyzing Party Identification. By Converse Philip E.. (Beverly Hills, Calif.: Sage Library of Social Research, Vol. 35, 1976. Pp. 175. $11.00, cloth; $6.00, paper.)

This volume, one of ten that have been published in the Contemporary American History Series since 1969, fulfills the author's stated purpose to describe "Kennedy's role in promoting this modern attempt to remove racial barriers to equal opportunity in American life" (p. ix). In recounting the evolution of Kennedy's views on civil rights, the administration's response to the racial crises in the South in the early 1960s, and the struggle later in the administration for legislation, Bruaer weaves an important story with great attention to detail. However, for the experienced scholar of the presidency or of civil rights, the volume adds nothing startling, nor does it break new ground in the interpretation of these events. The author's main contention that the initiatives of the Kennedy administration constituted the critical first stage of a Second Reconstruction is not defended against possible alternative interpretations. Might not Truman's initiatives have been the "critical first stage? " Brauer does suggest that Harry S. Truman pioneered in the employment of presidential power on behalf of racial progress, but that Kennedy, by contrast, "turned Truman's trails into wide avenues" (p. 315). While he argues that civil rights became a focal point of public policy and political debates under Kennedy, he does not address the charges of the critics of Kennedy's record on civil rights (such as Miroff, Navasky, and Zinn) who contend that Kennedy did not take the initiative on civil rights, but claimed credits for forward steps in a movement directed by others. One wishes for more interpretation of the data accumulated so meticulously, as well as explicit attention to the methods used to determine "Kennedy's motives" and "the critical first stage of the Second Reconstruction. "
Analysis of the Treatment of Two Types of Acute Urinary Retention

Purpose This study analyzed the type of acute urinary retention (AUR) and evaluated the treatments used, including trial without catheter (TWOC). Materials and Methods This study was based on 299 patients who were treated for AUR from January 2007 to August 2009. The patients were classified into the spontaneous AUR group (group S) and the precipitated AUR group (group P), in which AUR was consecutive to triggering events. The treatment modalities including TWOC, the success rate of TWOC, age, prostate-specific antigen (PSA) levels, the volume of the prostate, and the drained volume at catheterization were analyzed in each group. Results Of 299 men with AUR, 160 (54%) had spontaneous AUR and 139 (46%) had precipitated AUR. Compared with group P, patients in group S were more likely to be treated by surgery, either immediately (16.9% vs. 3.6%, p<0.05) or after prolonged catheterization (42.2% vs. 29.1%, p<0.05). The success rate of TWOC was lower in men of older ages (≥70 years) and in those with enlarged prostates (≥50 ml), higher PSA levels (≥3 ng/ml), and a large drained volume at catheterization (≥1,000 ml). Conclusions In this group of AUR patients, there were slightly more patients with spontaneous AUR (54%) than with precipitated AUR (46%). The success rate of TWOC was more than 70% regardless of the type of AUR. Although TWOC is recommended primarily in the treatment of AUR, early surgical intervention should be considered if the patient has an enlarged prostate (≥50 ml) or a large drained volume at catheterization (≥1,000 ml).
Metarepresentation in linguistic communication

© Deirdre Wilson and Dan Sperber 2012. Introduction Several strands of research on metarepresentation have a bearing on the study of linguistic communication. On the whole, there has been little interaction among them, and the possibility of integrating them with an empirically plausible pragmatic theory has not been much explored. This chapter has two main aims: to illustrate the depth and variety of metarepresentational abilities deployed in linguistic communication, and to argue that a pragmatic account of these abilities can both benefit from and provide useful evidence for the study of more general metarepresentational abilities. A metarepresentation is a representation of a representation: a higher-order representation with a lower-order representation embedded within it. The different strands of research on metarepresentation that have a bearing on the study of linguistic communication vary in the type of metarepresentations involved and the use to which they are put. First, there is the philosophical and psychological literature on mindreading (or ‘theory of mind’), which deals with the ability to form thoughts about attributed thoughts (Whiten 1991; Davies and Stone 1995a, 1995b; Carruthers and Smith 1996). Suppose a child sees a ball being put into a box. Having formed the thought in (1), he might go on, by observing his companions, to form thoughts of the type in (2): The ball is in the box. There is a now a substantial body of work on how this metapsychological ability develops and how it can break down. It may be present to varying degrees. People may differ, for example, in their ability to attribute to others beliefs incompatible with their own. A child who believes (1) and lacks this ability would be limited to the metarepresentations in (2a) and (2c). A child with first-order ‘theory of mind’ could attribute to others beliefs that differ from his own (as in (2b)); and one with second-order ‘theory of mind’ could attribute to others beliefs about the beliefs of others which differ from his own (as in (2d)) (Leslie 1987; Astington, Harris and Olson 1988; Frye and Moore 1991; Fodor 1992; Gopnik and Wellman 1992; Lewis and Mitchell 1994; Smith and Tsimpli 1995; Scholl and Leslie 1999). People with autism are typically said to be lacking in first- or second-order metapsychological abilities of this type (Baron-Cohen, Leslie and Frith 1985; Leslie 1991; Baron-Cohen, Tager-Flusberg and Cohen 1993; Happe 1993, 1994; Baron-Cohen 1995).