Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Efficient Optimal Control of Smoke using Spacetime Multigrid

We present a novel algorithm to control the physically-based animation of smoke. Given a set of keyframe smoke shapes, we compute a dense sequence of control force fields that can drive the smoke shape to match several keyframes at certain time instances. Our approach formulates this control problem as a PDE constrained spacetime optimization and computes locally optimal control forces as the stationary point of the Karush-Kuhn-Tucker conditions. In order to reduce the high complexity of multiple passes of fluid resimulation, we utilize the coherence between consecutive fluid simulation passes and update our solution using a novel spacetime full approximation scheme (STFAS). We demonstrate the benefits of our approach by computing accurate solutions on 2D and 3D benchmarks. In practice, we observe more than an order of magnitude improvement over prior methods.
Treatment Options for Idiopathic Restless Legs Syndrome

The emergence of new effective therapies for idiopathic restless legs syndrome (iRLS) or Willis–Ekbom disease (WED) during the last 15 years resulted in an exponential increase of reports regarding this syndrome and, especially, treatment options. In this review, we summarise the main findings related to neuropharmacological aspects and non-pharmacological therapies of idiopathic RLS (iRLS). As was previously reported in several guidelines, dopamine agonists (fundamentally nonergotic derivatives), gabapentin and pregabalin should be considered as first-line therapies, as well as opiates as an alternative drug group. Preliminary results suggest that several non-pharmacological therapies should be promising as alternatives or adjuvants to drug treatments.
ACCUMULATION OF OLEIC ACID IN HAEMATOCOCCUS PLUVIALIS (CHLOROPHYCEAE) UNDER NITROGEN STARVATION OR HIGH LIGHT IS CORRELATED WITH THAT OF ASTAXANTHIN ESTERS1

The chlorophyte Haematococcus pluvialis accumulates large quantities of astaxanthin under stress conditions. Under either nitrogen starvation or high light, the production of each picogram of astaxanthin was accompanied by that of 5 or 3–4 pg of fatty acids, respectively. In both cases, the newly formed fatty acids, consisting mostly of oleic (up to 34% of fatty acids in comparison with 13% in the control), palmitic, and linoleic acids, were deposited mostly in triacylglycerols. Furthermore, the enhanced accumulation of oleic acid was linearily correlated with that of astaxanthin. Astaxanthin, which is mostly monoesterified, is deposited in globules made of triacylglycerols. We suggest that the production of oleic acid‐rich triacylglycerols on the one hand and the esterification of astaxanthin on the other hand enable the oil globules to maintain the high content of astaxanthin esters.
Targeted Provision of Oral Iron: The Evolution of a Practical Screening Option123

Universal oral iron supplementation, undertaken according to 1998 WHO guidelines, produced adverse consequences among some children in malaria-endemic areas. Prompted by the Pemba trial, which revealed excessive hospitalizations and deaths, WHO advised that iron supplementation in such regions be accompanied by previous screening for iron deficiency. This agenda, however, poses issues of cost, benefit, acceptability, technical feasibility, and reliability of such screening. The cost of equipment and personnel is balanced against savings from iron supplements spared and treatment for morbidity averted. Costs aside, the most efficacious acceptable screening approach for avoiding hospitalization and deaths must be fielded. Screening before supplementation can be used to assess hematological, iron, and possible inflammatory status to differentiate the source of decreased hemoglobin concentration. Iron deficiency has often been inferred from hematological status markers. The need for extraction of blood, albeit capillary in origin, and high assay costs limit the use of validated methods in screening. Noninvasive methods, i.e., not requiring the extraction of blood, provide the most acceptable and potentially least expensive approach for determining hematological or iron status. Although a noninvasive technique for iron and inflammatory status would be the ideal, it is unattained. Field-friendly, skin-probe hemoglobin devices, derived from instruments for clinical settings, are being developed and tested for eventual rollout in malarial areas. Given a firm grounding for the theoretical requirements needed to advance the screening agenda, evaluation and monitoring of the performance of screening devices can proceed hand in hand.
Testing a Fish Index of Biotic Integrity for Responses to Different Stressors in Great Lakes Coastal Wetlands

ABSTRACT Fish community composition often varies across ecoregions and hydrogeomorphic types within ecoregions. We evaluated two indices of biotic integrity (IBIs) developed for fish in Great Lakes coastal wetlands dominated (> 50% cover) by Typha (cattail) and Schoenoplectus (formerly Scirpus) (bulrush) vegetation. Thirty-three coastal wetlands dominated by either Typha or Schoenoplectus vegetation were sampled using fyke nets set overnight. These sites were selected to span anthropogenic disturbance gradients based on population density, road density, urban development, point-source pollution, and agricultural inputs (nutrients, sediments), measured using a GIS-based analysis of Great Lakes coastal land use. Sites subject to low levels of anthropogenic influence had high IBI scores. The Typha-specific IBI showed a marginally significant negative correlation with population density and residential development (r = −0.54, p < 0.05; n = 21). The Schoenoplectus-specific IBI negatively correlated most strongly with nutrient and chemical inputs associated with agricultural activity and point-source pollution (r = −0.66 and −0.52, respectively; p < 0.01; n = 30). However, some relationships between IBI and disturbance scores were non-linear and likely exhibit a threshold relationship, particularly for Schoenoplectus dominant sites. Once a certain level of disturbance has been exceeded, a sharp change in fish community's composition and function occurs which is symptomatic of a degraded site. The IBI indices appear to indicate effects of some, but not all classes of anthropogenic disturbance on fish communities. Calibrating these measures against specific stress gradients allows one to interpret the sources of impairment, and thereby use the measures beyond a simple identification of impaired sites.
Detection and Localization of Faults in System Dynamics by IMM Estimator

1 Partially supported by the Bulgarian National Science Fund Contract No. I-808/98. * Supported by ONR via Grant N00014-97-1-0570, NSF via Grant ECS-9734285, and LEQSF via Grant (1996-99)-RD-A-32. Abstract—The cost-effective Interacting MultipleModel (IMM) algorithm is applied for rapid and reliable fault detection and localization in system dynamics. The paper also presents a new IMM approach for system parameter drift detection and estimation based on augmented state models.
Very low-mass members of the Lupus 3 cloud

Max-Planck-Institut fu¨r Astronomie, K¨onigstuhl 17, D-69117 Heidelberg, Germanye-mail: mundt@mpia-hd.mpg. deReceived ; acceptedAbstract. We report on a multi-band survey for very low-mass stars and brown dwarfs in the Lupus 3 cloud withthe Wide Field Imager (WFI) at the ESO/MPG 2.2 m telescope on La Silla Observatory (Chile). Our multibandoptical photometry is combined with available 2MASS JHK photometry to identify 19 new young stars and 3brown dwarf candidates as probable members of this star forming region. Our objects are mostly clustered aroundthe cloud core. Stars and brown dwarfs have similar levels of Hα emission, probably a signature of accretion. Oneobject, a brown dwarf candidate, exhibits a near-infrared excess, which may indicate the presence of a disk, butits Hα emission cannot be conﬁrmed due to its faintness in the optical passbands. We also ﬁnd two visual pairsof probable Lupus 3 members that may be wide binaries.Keywords. stars: low-mass, brown dwarfs – stars: pre-main sequence – stars: formation – stars: luminosity function,mass function – stars: circumstellar matter
The Prevalence of Metabolic Syndrome and Cardiovascular Risk Factors in Obese Children and Adolescents in Dalmatia: A Hospital Based Study

Obesity and metabolic syndrome (MS) are one of the biggest public health issues in child and adolescent population. To the best of the authors' knowledge, this hospital based study is the first report on the prevalence of MS in obese children and adolescents in Dalmatia, the Mediterranean part of Croatia. The objectives of this study were to determine the prevalence of individual cardiovascular risk factors and MS. Between January 2009 and June 2014, 201 obese subjects aged 6 to 18 were analyzed retrospectively from our Pediatric Endocrine Unit database. The subjects were then classified in two groups of obesity; subjects with BMI z score 2.0–3.0 were classified as moderately obese and subjects with BMI z score > 3.0 were classified as severely obese. The overall prevalence of MS using the modified IDF criteria was 30.3%. The most common component of MS in both groups was arterial hypertension, while impaired fasting glucose was the least common component of MS. Our finding of high prevalence of MS underlines the importance of early childhood obesity treatment.
Intercourse type of situational anejaculation or inability to ejaculate intra-vaginally: three case reports from a conservative islamic community

ABSTRACT Anejaculation is defined as the inability to ejaculate semen despite sexual stimulation by intercourse or masturbation. It may result from organic or psychological causes and can be classified as orgasmic, anorgasmic, and situational. Situational anejaculation may be present in intercourse type. This means existence of ejaculation by masturbation, but not during sexual intercourse. Performance anxiety, hostility toward the partner, dysfunctional psychosexual development, and unconscious desire to avoid pregnancy are the possible underlying conditions. We herein report situational anejaculation in 24-, 26-, 34-year-old males who presented with inability to ejaculate intra-vaginally since they got married. All of them were the sole males in their family, had a childhood in a conservative community, and had arranged marriages. Due to the negative aspects of psychosexual counselling in rural societies, it was not possible to continue the follow-up and treatment of patients. Despite this, the authors conclude that this clinical course of situational intercourse anejaculation suggests a psychological problem in these patients.
Transumbilical Laparoscopic-Assisted Appendectomy in the Treatment of Acute Uncomplicated Appendicitis in Children

Transumbilical laparoscopic-assisted appendectomy (TULAA) is increasingly being performed worldwide. The authors report their experience in the treatment of acute uncomplicated appendicitis in children with TULAA. From January 2008 to December 2012 all types of acute appendicitis were divided, according to the clinical and ultrasonographic findings, into complicated (appendiceal mass/abscess, diffuse peritonitis) and uncomplicated. Complicated appendicitis was treated by open appendectomy (OA). All patients with the suspicion of uncomplicated appendicitis were offered TULAA by all surgeons of the team. Conversion to open or laparoscopic appendectomy (LA) was performed in case of impossibility to complete TULAA, depending on the choice of surgeon. The histopathologic examination of appendix was always performed. 444 children (252 males) with acute appendicitis were treated. The mean age was 9.2 years (range, 2 to 14 years). Primary OA was performed in 144 cases. In 300 patients a transumbilical laparoscopic-assisted approach was performed. TULAA was completed in 252 patients. Conversion to OA was performed in 45 patients and to LA in 3. Conversion was related to the impossibility to adequately expose the appendix in 47 patients and bleeding in 1. The mean operative time for TULAA was 42 minutes. Histopathologic examination of the appendix removed by TULAA showed a phlegmonous/gangrenous type in 92.8% of cases. Among the 252 TULAA there were 11 cases of umbilical wound infection. TULAA is a feasible and effective procedure for uncomplicated appendicitis in children. It combines the advantages of open and laparoscopic technique (low operative time, low complications rate, and excellent cosmetic results).
Walking Control Method of Biped Locomotors on Inclined Plane

This paper describes a walking control method on inclined planes for a biped locomotor. The walking control consists of a position control, virtual compliance control and posture control. Parameters of the compliance control are changed continuously in support and swing phases. The orientation of robot’s waist is kept level by posture control. Several walking experiments on inclined planes are conducted using WL-16R (Waseda Leg - No. 16 Refined). WL-16R has achieved stable walking on unknown inclined planes using the walking control method, and the effectiveness of the walking control is confirmed.
Overweight and hypertension : a 2-way street?

Cross-sectionally, higher weight is associated with higher blood pressure levels; prospectively, baseline weight and weight gain predict higher blood pressure. The loss of weight is frequently associated with a decrease in blood pressure. These findings suggest that weight gain may pathophysiologically contribute to blood pressure elevation. In this review, we present data to indicate that the reverse is also true; persons of equal weight who had higher initial blood pressures gain more weight in the future. We also propose a plausible hypothesis to explain this reverse relationship. Both the blood pressure elevation and the gain of weight may reflect a primary increase in sympathetic tone. It is well known that in a milieu of increased sympathetic tone, the beta-adrenergic responsiveness decreases. Sympathetic overactivity and decreased cardiovascular beta-adrenergic responsiveness have been described in hypertension. beta-Adrenergic receptors mediate increases in energy expenditure. If these metabolic receptors were downregulated in hypertension, the ability of hypertensive patients to dissipate calories would decrease and they would gain more weight. The possible relationship of decreased beta-adrenergic responsiveness to weight in hypertension can be experimentally tested. Such research may contribute to an explanation of why patients with hypertension can rarely lose weight. An understanding of this pathophysiological relationship may open new avenues for therapeutic interventions.
Wireless in loco Sensor Data Collection and Applications

Sensors, both large and small, have traditionally been used for measurement and monitoring in a number of basic applications (sensing smoke, fire, or biohazards, or security etc) using fixed networking infrastructure. But networking them using wireless media gives more dynamism and power: they can now be used in remote, autonomous monitoring as well as for mobile environments. Use of wireless sensors for data collection has been proposed and studied eg. , for habitat, livestock, forest and infrastructure (computing, communication and transportation) monitoring.
progesterone regulates corticosterone elevation and alterations in spatial memory and exploratory behavior induced by stress in Wistar rats.

The hippocampus is sensitive to high levels of glucocorticoids during stress responses; it suffers biochemical and cellular changes that affect spatial memory and exploratory behavior, among others. We analyzed the influence of the neurosteroid progesterone (PROG) on stress-induced changes in urinary corticosterone (CORT) levels, spatial memory and exploratory behavior. Castrated adult male rats were implanted with PROG or vehicle (VEHI), and then exposed for ten days to chronic stress created by overcrowding or ultrasonic noise. PROG and CORT levels were assessed in urine using high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). Implanted PROG inhibited the rise of stress-induced CORT prevented spatial memory impairment in the Morris water maze, and eliminated increased exploratory behavior in the hole-board test. These results suggest a protective role of PROG, possibly mediated by its anxiolytic mechanisms, against corticosteroids elevation and the behavioral deficit generated by stressful situations.
Identifying users and activities with cognitive signal processing from a wearable headband

This paper studies the supervised classification of electroencephalogram (EEG) brain signals to identify persons and their activities. The brain signals are obtained from a commercially available and modestly priced wearable headband. Such wearable devices generate a large amount of data and due to their attractive pricing structure are becoming increasingly commonplace. As a result, the data generated from such wearables will increase exponentially leading to many interesting data mining opportunities. We propose a representation that reduces variable length signals to a more manageable and uniformly fixed length distributions. These fixed length distributions can then be used with a variety of data mining techniques. The experiments with a number of classification techniques, including decision trees, SVM, neural networks, and random forests show that it is possible to identify both the persons and the activities with a reasonable degree of precision.
Biochemical and genetic analysis of the role of the viral polymerase in enterovirus recombination

Genetic recombination in single-strand, positive-sense RNA viruses is a poorly understand mechanism responsible for generating extensive genetic change and novel phenotypes. By moving a critical cis-acting replication element (CRE) from the polyprotein coding region to the 3′ non-coding region we have further developed a cell-based assay (the 3′CRE-REP assay) to yield recombinants throughout the non-structural coding region of poliovirus from dually transfected cells. We have additionally developed a defined biochemical assay in which the only protein present is the poliovirus RNA dependent RNA polymerase (RdRp), which recapitulates the strand transfer events of the recombination process. We have used both assays to investigate the role of the polymerase fidelity and nucleotide turnover rates in recombination. Our results, of both poliovirus intertypic and intratypic recombination in the CRE-REP assay and using a range of polymerase variants in the biochemical assay, demonstrate that RdRp fidelity is a fundamental determinant of recombination frequency. High fidelity polymerases exhibit reduced recombination and low fidelity polymerases exhibit increased recombination in both assays. These studies provide the basis for the analysis of poliovirus recombination throughout the non-structural region of the virus genome and provide a defined biochemical assay to further dissect this important evolutionary process.
Partition function for (2+1)-dimensional Einstein gravity

Taking (2+1)-dimensional pure Einstein gravity for arbitrary genus $g$ as a model, we investigate the relation between the partition function formally defined on the entire phase space and the one written in terms of the reduced phase space. In particular the case of $g=1$ is analyzed in detail. By a suitable gauge-fixing, the partition function $Z$ basically reduces to the partition function defined for the reduced system, whose dynamical variables are $(\tau^A, p_A)$. [The $\tau^A$'s are the Teichm\"uller parameters, and the $p_A$'s are their conjugate momenta. ] As for the case of $g=1$, we find out that $Z$ is also related with another reduced form, whose dynamical variables are $(\tau^A, p_A)$ and $(V, \sigma)$. [Here $\sigma$ is a conjugate momentum to 2-volume $V$. ] A nontrivial factor appears in the measure in terms of this type of reduced form. The factor turns out to be a Faddeev-Popov determinant coming from the time-reparameterization invariance inherent in this type of formulation. Thus the relation between two reduced forms becomes transparent even in the context of quantum theory. Furthermore for $g=1$, a factor coming from the zero-modes of a differential operator $P_1$ can appear in the path-integral measure in the reduced representation of $Z$. It depends on the path-integral domain for the shift vector in $Z$: If it is defined to include $\ker P_1$, the nontrivial factor does not appear. On the other hand, if the integral domain is defined to exclude $\ker P_1$, the factor appears in the measure. This factor can depend on the dynamical variables, typically as a function of $V$, and can influence the semiclassical dynamics of the (2+1)-dimensional spacetime. These results shall be significant from the viewpoint of quantum gravity.
Control strategy for energy-efficient bipedal walking with variable leg stiffness

In this work, we propose a hybrid model for a bipedal walker with controlled variable leg stiffness, and a control strategy for stable gait control. The control reference is a passive gait of the limit-case bipedal spring-loaded inverted pendulum model with massless feet, ensuring that the gait is close to the ideal passive gait and thus aiming for energy efficiency. The effectiveness of the controller is demonstrated with numerical simulation results. From the results a theoretical cost of transport is calculated, showing that the control strategy is indeed energy efficient.
The Data Deluge: An e-Science Perspective

This paper previews the imminent flood of scientific data expected from the next generation of experiments, simulations, sensors and satellites. In order to be exploited by search engines and data mining software tools, such experimental data needs to be annotated with relevant metadata giving information as to provenance, content, conditions and so on. The case for automating the process of going from raw data to information to knowledge is briefly discussed. The paper argues the case for creating new types of digital libraries for scientific data with the same sort of management services as conventional digital libraries in addition to other data-specific services. Some likely implications of both the Open Archives Initiative and e-Science data for the future role for university libraries are briefly mentioned. A substantial subset of this e-Science data needs to archived and curated for long-term preservation. Some of the issues involved in the digital preservation of both scientific data and of the programs needed to interpret the data are reviewed. Finally, the implications of this wealth of e-Science data for the Grid middleware infrastructure are highlighted. * Postal address: EPSRC, Polaris House, North Star Avenue, Swindon SN2 1 ET, UK + On secondment from the Department of Electronics and Computer Science, University of Southampton, Southampton SO17 1BJ, UK