Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
A relevance feedback image retrieval scheme using combination of color and shape features

In content-based image retrieving, studying focuses on how to retrieve image to satisfy the user quickly and accurately. Color and shape features are usually presented by color histogram and edge histogram in HSV color space. But in this paper, the combination of color and shape features has been used in the feedback. In matching of similarity computing, the Gaussian model is used to normalize the different sub-characters distance. This distance is preparing for retrieving integer by combining different sub-characters. And with relevance feedback mechanism, the satisfy retrieval results can be gained by adjusting weights. Experiments showed that this method is effective in image retrieval.
Towards a New MODDE of Improving Legal Decision Support Design

This paper contributes to the ebb and flow of innovations in decision support system design by presenting the MODDE methodology (Model Of Decision support system Design and Evaluation). It utilizes a simple conceptualisation of the software engineering process, and aims to provide computer consultants with guidance to the way they may include consideration of three qualitative dimensions of high level autonomous decision making. These three dimensions--discretion, consistency and resolution--have arisen directly from work in an applied legal domain. MODDE facilitates systematic attention to these dimensions in a way not previously done and thus complements existing software and requirements engineering practices.
Generation of Electromagnetic Radiation by a Time Varying Gravitational Potential in Collisions of Astronomical Objects

A time varying space-time metric is shown to be a source of electromagnetic radiation. The post-Newtonian approximation is used as a realistic model of the connection between the space-time metric and a time varying gravitational potential. Large variations in the gravitational potential, during collisions of black holes or relativistic stars, are associated with the electromagnetic power spectra from gamma ray burst.
An Adjustable Description Quality Measure for Pattern Discovery in Large Databases Using the AQ Methodology *

In concept learning and data mining tasks, the learner is typically faced with a choice of many possible hypotheses or patterns characterizing the input data. If one can assume that training data contain no noise, then the primary conditions a hypothesis must satisfy are consistency and completeness with regard to the data. In real-world applications, however, data are often noisy, and the insistence on the full completeness and consistency of the hypothesis is no longer valid. In such situations, the problem is to determine a hypothesis that represents the best trade-off between completeness and consistency. This paper presents an approach to this problem in which a learner seeks rules optimizing a rule quality criterion that combines the rule coverage (a measure of completeness) and training accuracy (a measure of inconsistency). These factors are combined into a single rule quality measure through a lexicographical evaluation functional (LEF). The method has been implemented in the AQ18 learning system for natural induction and pattern discovery, and compared with several other methods. Experiments have shown that the proposed method can be easily tailored to different problems and can simulate different rule learners.by modifying the parameter of the rule quality criterion.
Mechanics of confined thin films , solid ( graphene ) and fluid ( lipid bilayers )

The reciprocity theorem is a fundamental theorem of the Theory of Elasticity (Betti 1872, Rayleigh 1873). The theorem connects the body forces, the surface tractions and the displacements of two elastodynamic states in a domain of an elastic body, by a volume integral and a surface integral. In this talk it is shown that the reciprocity theorem of elastodynamics can be used to solve actual problems. We consider the example of wave motion generated in a half-space by a time-harmonic force. This fundamental problem is known as Lamb’s problem (1904). It is shown that the radiated surface waves, which Lamb obtained by a complicated Fourier transform method, can be obtained from a “back of an envelope” calculation using the elastodynamic reciprocity theorem [1].
Turbulent transport and its effect on the dead zone in protoplanetary discs

Context. Protostellar accretion discs have cool, dense midplanes where externally originating ionisation sources such as X-rays or cosmic rays are unable to penetrate. This suggests that for a wide range of radii, MHD turbulence can only be sustained in the surface layers where the ionisation fraction is sufficiently high. A dead zone is expected to exist near the midplane, such that active accretion only occurs near the upper and lower disc surfaces. Recent work, however, suggests that under suitable conditions the dead zone may be enlivened by turbulent transport of ions from the surface layers into the dense interior. Aims. In this paper we present a suite of simulations that examine where, and under which conditions, a dead zone can be enlivened by turbulent mixing. Methods. We use three-dimensional, multifluid shearing box MHD simulations, which include vertical stratification, ionisation chemistry, ohmic resistivity, and ionisation due to X-rays from the central protostar. We compare the results of the MHD simulations with a simple reaction-diffusion model. Results. The simulations show that in the absence of gas-phase heavy metals, such as magnesium, turbulent mixing has essentially no effect on the dead zone. The addition of a relatively low abundance of magnesium, however, increases the recombination time and allows turbulent mixing of ions to enliven the dead zone completely beyond a distance of 5 AU from the central star, for our particular disc model. Conclusions. During the late stages of protoplanetary disc evolution, when small grains have been depleted and the disc surface density has decreased below its high initial value, the structure of the dead zone may be significantly altered by the action of turbulent transport. This may have important consequences for ongoing planet formation in these discs.
THE REGULATION OF ENTRY* SIMEON DJANKOV RAFAEL LA PORTA FLORENCIO LOPEZ-DE-SILANES

We present new data on the regulation of entry of start-up rms in 85 countries. The data cover the number of procedures, ofcial time, and ofcial cost that a start-up must bear before it can operate legally. The ofcial costs of entry are extremely high in most countries. Countries with heavier regulation of entry have higher corruption and larger unofcial economies, but not better quality of public or private goods. Countries with more democratic and limited governments have lighter regulation of entry. The evidence is inconsistent with public interest theories of regulation, but supports the public choice view that entry regulation benets politicians and bureaucrats.
In Vivo Detection of PARACEST Agents With Relaxation Correction

Several pulse sequences have been used to detect paramagnetic chemical exchange saturation transfer (PARACEST) contrast agents in animals to quantify the uptake over time following a bolus injection. The observed signal change is a combination of relaxation effects and PARACEST contrast. The purpose of the current study was to isolate the PARACEST effect from the changes in bulk water relaxation induced by the PARACEST agent in vivo for the fast low‐angle shot pulse sequence. A fast low‐angle shot–based pulse sequence was used to acquire continuous images on a 9.4‐T MRI of phantoms and the kidneys of mice following PARACEST agent (Tm3+‐DOTAM‐Gly‐Lys) injection. A WALTZ‐16 pulse was applied before every second image to generate on‐resonance paramagnetic chemical exchange effects. Signal intensity changes of up to 50% were observed in the mouse kidney in the control images (without a WALTZ‐16 preparation pulse) due to altered bulk water relaxation induced by the PARACEST agent. Despite these changes, a clear on‐resonance paramagnetic chemical exchange effect of 4‐7% was also observed. A four‐pool exchange model was used to describe image signal intensity. This study demonstrates that in vivo on‐resonance paramagnetic chemical exchange effect contrast can be isolated from tissue relaxation time constant changes induced by a PARACEST agent that dominate the signal change. Magn Reson Med 63:1184–1192, 2010. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
PRRS CONTROL IN THE REGION

Porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome (PRRS) is recognised as an economically important swine disease worldwide, and is characterised by either reproductive failure in pregnant sows or respiratory tract distress particularly in suckling pigs [7, 32, 37]. The syndrome was first recognised in the United States of America (USA) in the mid 1980’s and was called ‘mystery swine disease’ or ‘blue ear disease’. The causative agent, PRRS virus, was first discovered in the USA in 1987 [1, 4, 36], was subsequently found in Europe [1], and was identified in Asia in the early 1990s [12, 31]. PRRS is the cause of significant economic losses in pig production worldwide, especially in large-scale production systems [2]. In the USA alone, PRRS is estimated to cause about USD 560 million in losses per year to the swine industry [13].
A Meta-Analysis of Group Cognitive–Behavioral Therapy as an Antidepressive Treatment: Are We Getting Better?

This meta-analysis examines temporal changes (time trends) in the effects of group cognitive–behavioral therapy (GCBT) as a treatment for unipolar depression. In this exploratory study, 37 studies (comprising 1,016 patients) conducted between 1980 and 2015 were included, and their effect sizes (ESs) were quantified as Hedge’s g based on the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI) and the Hamilton Rating Scale for Depression (HRSD). In the main analyses, within-group (prepost) comparisons (k = 35 for the BDI, and k = 14 for the HRSD) and controlled (between group) comparisons (k = 16 for the BDI) were conducted. The average within-group ES was 1.33 (95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.16–1.19) for the BDI and 1.56 for the HRSD (95% CI = 1.20–1.90). The publication year of each study was examined as a linear metaregression predictor of ES. The results showed a significant increase in effect sizes for GCBT over time, with the BDI as outcome measure. However, this was not found for the HRSD as outcome measure. Subgroup analyses were performed on selected moderator variables to determine whether there was any covariation with effect sizes. These analyses revealed that in trials conducted without following a set manual, effect sizes increased with time—an association not found for trials using a manual. Potential causes and implications are discussed. Cette méta-analyse se penche sur les changements temporels (tendances dans le temps) des effetsde la thérapie comportementale et cognitive de groupe (TCCG) utilisée pour traiter la dépression unipolaire. Cette étude exploratoire examine 37 études (regroupant1016 patients) menées entre 1980 et 2015 et quantifie les effets observés (EO) dans le cadre de celles-ciselon la valeur g de Hedge en fonction de l’inventaire de dépression de Beck (IDB) et de l’Échelle de dépression de Hamilton(HAM D). Dans les analyses principales, des comparaisons au sein du groupe (prépostérieures) (k _ 35 pour l’IDBet k _ 14 pour la HAM D) et des comparaisons sous contrôle (entre les groupes) (k _ 16 pour l’IDB) ontété menées. Les EO moyens observés au sein du groupe étaient de 1,33 (intervalle de confiance [IC] de 95 %_ 1,16 –1,19) en fonction del’IDB et de 1,56 en fonction de la HAM D (IC de 95 % _ 1,20 à 1,90). L’année de publication de chaque étude a été analyséeen tant qu’indicateur linéaire de méta-régression des EO. Les résultats ont montré une hausse significative des effets observésen recourant à la TCCG au fil du temps, l’IBD étant utilisée comme mesure des résultats. Toutefois, ceci n’a pas été observé pour la HAM Den tant que mesure des résultats. Des analyses de sous-groupes ont été effectuées sur des variables modératrices sélectionnéesafin de déterminer la présence de covariations en fonction des effets observés. Ces analyses ont révélé que, lors des essais menéssans observer un manuel établi, les effets observés augmentaient au fil du temps, une association qui n’a pas étérelevée pour les essais avec manuel. Les causes et conséquences possibles sont discutées.
Evolution and colours of helium-core white dwarf stars: the case of low-metallicity progenitors

The present work is designed to explore the evolution of helium-core white dwarf (He WD) stars for the case of metallicities much lower than the solar metallicity (Z= 0.001 and 0.0002). Evolution is followed in a self-consistent way with the predictions of detailed and new non-grey model atmospheres, time-dependent element diffusion and the history of the white dwarf progenitor. Reliable initial models for low-mass He WDs are obtained by applying mass-loss rates to a 1-M⊙ stellar model in such a way that the stellar radius remains close to the Roche lobe radius. The loss of angular momentum caused by gravitational wave emission and magnetic stellar wind braking are considered. Model atmospheres, based on a detailed treatment of the microphysics entering the WD atmosphere (such as the formalism of Hummer–Mihalas to deal with non-ideal effects) and hydrogen line and pseudo-continuum opacities, enable us to provide accurate colours and magnitudes at both early and advanced evolutionary stages. We find that most of our evolutionary sequences experience several episodes of hydrogen thermonuclear flashes. In particular, the lower the metallicity, the larger the minimum stellar mass for the occurrence of flashes induced by CNO cycle reactions. The existence of a mass threshold for the occurrence of diffusion-induced CNO flashes leads to a marked dichotomy in the age of our models. Another finding of this study is that our He WD models experience unstable hydrogen burning via PP nuclear reactions at late cooling stages as a result of hydrogen chemically diffusing inwards. Such PP flashes take place in models with very low metal content. We also find that models experiencing CNO flashes exhibit a pronounced turn-off in most of their colours at MV≈ 16. Finally, colour–magnitude diagrams for our models are presented and compared with recent observational data of He WD candidates in the globular clusters NGC 6397 and 47 Tucanae.
Working Over Time: Dynamic Inconsistency in Real Effort Tasks

Experimental tests of dynamically inconsistent time preferences have largely relied on choices over time-dated monetary rewards. Several recent studies have failed to nd the standard patterns of present bias. However, such monetary studies contain oftendiscussed confounds. In this paper, we sidestep these confounds and investigate choices over consumption (real eort) in a longitudinal experiment. We pair this eort study with a companion monetary discounting study. We conrm very limited time inconsistency in monetary choices. However, subjects show considerably more present bias in eort. Furthermore, present bias in the allocation of work has predictive power for demand of a meaningfully binding commitment device. Therefore our ndings validate a key implication of models of dynamic inconsistency, with corresponding policy implications.
Quantifying the cost of simultaneous nonparametric approximation of several samples

We consider the standard non-parametric regression model with Gaussian errors but where the data consist of different samples. The question to be answered is whether the samples can be adequately represented by the same regression function. To do this we define for each sample a universal, honest and non-asymptotic confidence region for the regression function. Any subset of the samples can be represented by the same function if and only if the intersection of the corresponding confidence regions is non-empty. If the empirical supports of the samples are disjoint then the intersection of the confidence regions is always non--empty and a negative answer can only be obtained by placing shape or quantitative smoothness conditions on the joint approximation. Alternatively a simplest joint approximation function can be calculated which gives a measure of the cost of the joint approximation, for example, the number of extra peaks required.
Intercarrier Interference of Various Pulse Shaping Functions Used in OFDM Systems with Carrier Frequency Offset

- For orthogonal frequency-division multiplexing (OFDM) communication systems, the frequency offsets in mobile radio channels distort the orthogonality between subcarriers resulting in intercarrier interference (ICI). This paper is focused on the problem of reducing the intercarrier-interference (ICI), signal to noise ratio and improved performance in the transmission over OFDM using various pulse shaping methods. Here we have performed a detailed performance comparison of various pulse shaping functions used in OFDM Communication Systems with Carrier Frequency Offset. They appear to be suitable for transmission in OFDM systems with carrier frequency offset. The results obtained by analysis show that the performance improvement over conventional pulse shapes, are significant for reducing average intercarrier-interference (ICI) power and increased ratio of average signal power to average ICI power (SIR). BER performance comparison of all pulse shapes in OFDM system showing better performance by Improved sinc power pulse
Molecular analysis of markers associated with chloroquine and sulfadoxine/pyrimethamine resistance in Plasmodium falciparum malaria parasites from southeastern Côte-d’Ivoire by the time of Artemisinin-based Combination Therapy adoption in 2005

Purpose Artemisin-based combination therapies became the recommended therapy in Côte-d’Ivoire in 2005, but both chloroquine (CQ) and sulfadoxine/pyrimethamine (SP) have been heavily used for many decades. Despite this long history, little is known about the geographical distribution of drug resistance–conferring genotypes outside the capital city of Abidjan. In this work, we compared the prevalence of drug-resistant genotypes in Bonoua, an urban area, and Samo, a rural agricultural area, in southeastern Côte-d’Ivoire, about 59 km from Abidjan. Patients and methods Samples were collected from symptomatic patients in both sites during the rainy season in 2005. Genomic DNA was isolated and codons associated with resistance to CQ and SP were analyzed: pfcrt codons Cys-72-Ser, Val-73-Val, Met-74-Ile, Arg-75-Glu, Lys-76-Thr; pfdhfr codons Ala-16-Val, Arg-51-Ile, Cys-59-Arg, Ser-108-Arg/Thr, and Ile-164-Leu; pfdhps codons Ser-436-Ala, Ala-437-Gly, Lys-540-Glu, Ala-581-Gly, and Ala-613-Thr/Ser. Results A limited number of genotypes were found in Bonoua compared with Samo. In both sites, the triple-mutant allele CVIET of pfcrt predominated: 100% in Bonoua and 86.2% in Samo. The wild-type allele, NCSI of pfdhfr, was common − 50% in Bonoua and 38.7% in Samo – but the triple-mutant IRNI and double-mutant NRNI were also frequent (IRNI, 32.6% in Bonoua and 19.4% in Samo; NRNI, 15.2% in Bonoua and 9.7% in Samo). In Samo, a wide range of different genotypes of Pfdhps was observed, with alleles carrying the Gly-437 codon fixed in Bonoua and comprising 73% of the isolates in Samo. Conclusion Although these two sites are only 8 km apart, they belonged to very different ecological environments. The overall prevalence of alleles of single-nucleotide polymorphisms associated with resistance to CQ and SP in both locations was among the highest of the region by 2005, although the more rural site showed a more diverse set of alleles and mixed infections. Continued surveillance of these markers will be a useful tool for drug policy, as both CQ and SP are still frequently used years after withdrawal, and SP is recommended by the World Health Organization for intermittent preventive therapy for pregnant women and infants. Data analyzed herein are among the first to be generated during the year of artemisin-based combination-therapy introduction in Côte-d’Ivoire and could be of some interest for malaria policy-makers.
Somebody Is Peeking!: A Proximity and Privacy Aware Tablet Interface

As smartphones and tablets are now widespread, accessing or even sharing sensitive content in public areas has become commonplace. This applies to both personal contexts (e.g. checking banking information in a coffee shop) and professional contexts (e.g. sharing patient information in a hospital ward). It is important to explore ways to support visual privacy that are appropriate for mobile device use in public settings and in dynamic workflows. In this paper we present the design, prototype implementation, and ongoing evaluation of a range of privacy notifications and privacy control mechanisms for tablets. Preliminary results show that: 1) spatial information such as distance and orientation can be used to mediate privacy management for tablet interfaces. 2) Privacy notifications and control mechanisms should be designed to complement our existing physical awareness and protection mechanisms. 3) Selecting a specific design is highly context-dependent.
SOA AND REST Synergistic Approach

APIs are everywhere, reusability, resourcesharing, monetization counter for their ubiquitous nature. The true value of an API comes from lifting the business beyond the walls of an enterprise by delivering business solutions to the partners, expanding the customer base, building a community around a brand, driving more traffic towards a website, acquisition of other businesses. With APIs, business gains power with content and data ownership . The businessdriven nature of APIs and the increasingly reliable Web services and cloud-based applications, have truly become one of the most crucial elements in the process of gaining businesses the momentum they never had. APIs are revolutionizing the world of IT by making it possible for developers to connect myriad applications to accelerate strategic business execution. We have been using services to define business functionality or business process were defined in terms of services. SOA had its hand in the development of such rife architectures. Providing a single point for applications to access services bolstered business a lot. With more and more technological standards being defined. It is becoming really one of foremost decisions that businesses should understand and choose to make as to which architecture they want to base their services on. In this paper we discuss about how to build a platform for this growing ecosystem? What should be architectural components for building such a stronger system? What all technology components should be involved? How we should organize these components? What are the main differences between service and resource based architectures? Is ROA future of interoperability? Keywords— API, Services, ResourceOrientation, REST, RESTful services, SOAP and WS-*.
An eye on the head: the development and evolution of craniofacial muscles

Skeletal muscles exert diverse functions, enabling both crushing with great force and movement with exquisite precision. A remarkably distinct repertoire of genes and ontological features characterise this tissue, and recent evidence has shown that skeletal muscles of the head, the craniofacial muscles, are evolutionarily, morphologically and molecularly distinct from those of the trunk. Here, we review the molecular basis of craniofacial muscle development and discuss how this process is different to trunk and limb muscle development. Through evolutionary comparisons of primitive chordates (such as amphioxus) and jawless vertebrates (such as lampreys) with jawed vertebrates, we also provide some clues as to how this dichotomy arose.