Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Visual literacy and visual communication for global education: innovations in teaching e-learning in art, design and communication

This paper presents the (student) proceedings of a successful inter-university co-operation between a research university and a university of applied sciences, in the field of Visual Literacy and Visual Communication. The origin lays in the international symposium “Digital Communities for Global Education” (Enschede NL, 2006) and the start was a web-based course in Informational Graphic Design. The ongoing development is an experimental master course in which students of both institutes work together. The participating professors are also involved in European Co-operative networks as well as Trans Atlantic- and Euro-Asian ones. Participating students are coming from all over the world so give the course a multi cultural character. Research questions for the project are 1) what is the universal content of a message and 2) how can this message be encoded? 3) what factors do influence the interaction processes in networked education?
PROCESSING A COMPLEX ARCHITECTURAL SAMPLING WITH MESHLAB: THE CASE OF PIAZZA DELLA SIGNORIA

The paper presents a recent 3D scanning project performed with long range scanning technology showing how a complex sampled dataset can be processed with the features available in MeshLab, an open source tool. MeshLab is an open source mesh processing system. It is a portable and extensible system aimed to help the processing of the typical not-so-small unstructured models that arise in 3D scanning, providing a set of tools for editing, cleaning, processing, inspecting, rendering and converting meshes. The MeshLab system started in late 2005 as a part of a university course, and considerably evolved since then thanks to the effort of the Visual Computing Lab and of the support of several funded EC projects. MeshLab gained so far an excellent visibility and distribution, with several thousands downloads every month, and a continuous evolution. The aim of this scanning campaign was to sample the facades of the buildings located in Piazza della Signoria (Florence, Italy). This digital 3D model was required, in the framework of a Regional Project, as a basic background model to present a complex set of images using a virtual navigation metaphor (following the PhotoSynth approach). Processing of complex dataset, such as the ones produced by long range scanners, often requires specialized, difficult to use and costly software packages. We show in the paper how it is possible to process this kind of data inside an open source tool, thanks to the many new features recently introduced in MeshLab for the management of large sets of sampled point.
System Architecture Recovery Based on Software Structure Model

System modeling is an effective technique for capturing the essential properties of large and complex systems in an abstract manner. Still, the architectural model of such systems can be rather large and the manual creation of the model is both time-consuming and error-prone. Also, the manually crafted and maintained architectural model easily becomes inconsistent with the actual system implementation because the model is often not updated as the system architecture evolves. A solution to this problem is the technique of architecture recovery that extracts models directly from source code. In this paper, we describe an approach to architecture recovery based on a software structure model that forms the basis of a component-based build system. Extracted models are known to correspond to the underlying code as consistency of the structure model with source code is inevitable for the system's build process to succeed. The approach and supporting tools have been successfully applied at Ericsson for a complex telecommunication product that consists of several millions of lines of C/C++ code.
Basic FGF in adult rat brain: cellular distribution and response to entorhinal lesion and fimbria-fornix transection

Basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF) is a potent trophic factor for neurons and astrocytes and recently has been implicated in the pathology of Alzheimer's disease. In order to better understand the role of bFGF in normal brain function and during pathology, we have analyzed its anatomical distribution and its response to injury in the CNS. Double-staining immunohistochemistry showed that bFGF immunoreactivity was localized in astrocytes, in select neuronal populations, and occasionally in microglial cells throughout the normal rat brain. Neuronal populations that showed bFGF immunoreactivity included septohippocampal nucleus, cingulate cortex, subfield CA2 of the hippocampus, cerebellar Purkinje cells, cerebellar deep nuclei, facial nerve nucleus, and the motor and spinal subdivisions of the trigeminal nucleus and facial nerve nucleus. The pattern of bFGF immunoreactivity in the hippocampus was examined following entorhinal cortex lesion, or fimbria-fornix transection. After entorhinal cortex lesion, bFGF immunoreactivity increased in the outer molecular layer of the dentate gyrus ipsilateral to the lesion. The lesion effect on bFGF immunoreactivity was expressed as an increase in the number of bFGF astrocytes, as an increase in the intensity of bFGF immunoreactivity within astrocytes, and as an increase of bFGF immunoreactivity in the surrounding extracellular matrix, relative to the contralateral side. The time course and pattern of reorganization paralleled the sprouting of septal cholinergic terminals in response to the same type of lesion, suggesting that bFGF may play an important role in lesion-induced plasticity. After transection of the fimbria-fornix, chronic infusion of bFGF appeared to preserve NGF receptors on neurons within the medial septal complex and, as previously reported, prevent the death of medial septal neurons. Therefore, it appears that bFGF infusion, which has been shown to increase the synthesis of NGF by astrocytes (Yoshida and Gage, 1991), also helps enable neurons to respond to NGF. This suggests that after injury bFGF may participate in a cascade of neurotrophic events, directly and indirectly facilitating neuronal repair and/or promoting neuronal survival.
The Semantics of Anchoring

Abstract Previous research has demonstrated that judgmental anchoring effects—the assimilation of a numeric estimate to a previously considered standard—are semantic in nature. They result because the semantic knowledge about the target object that is activated during the comparison with the anchor influences the absolute judgment. In addition to this semantic influence, the numeric anchor value itself may also yield an effect under specific conditions. The present research was designed to examine the relative strength of both mechanisms and explore their boundary conditions. Studies 1 and 2 demonstrate that semantic anchoring effects are more potent than purely numeric effects. Study 3 further suggests that purely numeric effects only operate if accessible semantic knowledge is inapplicable to the critical judgment so that semantic influences are incapacitated. The implications of these findings are discussed from the perspective of an integrative model which differentiates between two stages of anchoring. Whereas purely numeric influences appear to be limited to the stage of anchor selection, the actual comparison with the target involves more elaborate semantic processes.
The relative contribution of patient, provider and organizational influences to the appropriate diagnosis and management of diabetes mellitus.

OBJECTIVE To estimate the relative contribution of patient attributes, provider characteristics and organizational features of the doctors' workplace to the diagnosis and management of diabetes. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS In a factorial experimental design doctors (n = 192) viewed clinically authentic vignettes of 'patients' presenting with identical signs and symptoms. Doctor subjects were primary care doctors stratified according to gender and level of experience. During an in-person interview scheduled between real patients, doctors were asked how they would diagnosis and manage the vignette 'patients' in clinical practice. RESULTS This study considered the relative contribution of patient, doctor and organizational factors. Taken together patient attributes explained only 4.4% of the variability in diabetes diagnosis. Doctor factors explained only 2.0%. The vast majority of the explained variance in diabetes diagnosis was due to organizational factors (14.3%). Relative contributions combined (patient, provider, organizational factors) explained only 20% of the total variance. CONCLUSION Attempts to reduce health care variations usually focus on the education/activation of patients, or increased training of doctors. Our findings suggest that shifting quality improvement efforts to the area which contributes most to the creation and amplification of variations (organizational influences) may produce better results in terms of reduced variations in health care associated with diabetes.
Dynamic multi-modal transportation problem

In recent global business, transportation costs have increased due to the dispersed location of manufacturing and distribution facilities all over the world. For longer distances, multi-modal transportation of roads, rails, ships, and planes is necessary to save on transportation costs. Given an origin and a destination, multiple routes are available, with respective lead times and unit transportation costs. In this study, we propose a heuristic solution procedure for a dynamic multi-modal transportation problem, where we determine the shipping amount for each route at the beginning of every period so as to minimize the total cost, while maintaining a specific level of customer service against the varying demand for a single product. Computer simulation is used to explore the behavior of the proposed algorithm.
In Defense of 3D-Label Stereo

It is commonly believed that higher order smoothness should be modeled using higher order interactions. For example, 2nd order derivatives for deformable (active) contours are represented by triple cliques. Similarly, the 2nd order regularization methods in stereo predominantly use MRF models with scalar (1D) disparity labels and triple clique interactions. In this paper we advocate a largely overlooked alternative approach to stereo where 2nd order surface smoothness is represented by pairwise interactions with 3D-labels, e.g. tangent planes. This general paradigm has been criticized due to perceived computational complexity of optimization in higher-dimensional label space. Contrary to popular beliefs, we demonstrate that representing 2nd order surface smoothness with 3D labels leads to simpler optimization problems with (nearly) sub modular pairwise interactions. Our theoretical and experimental results demonstrate advantages over state-of-the-art methods for 2nd order smoothness stereo.
The empirical commit frequency distribution of open source projects

A fundamental unit of work in programming is the code contribution ("commit") that a developer makes to the code base of the project in work. An author's commit frequency describes how often that author commits. Knowing the distribution of all commit frequencies is a fundamental part of understanding software development processes. This paper presents a detailed quantitative analysis of commit frequencies in open-source software development. The analysis is based on a large sample of open source projects, and presents the overall distribution of commit frequencies. We analyze the data to show the differences between authors and projects by project size; we also includes a comparison of successful and non successful projects and we derive an activity indicator from these analyses. By measuring a fundamental dimension of programming we help improve software development tools and our understanding of software development. We also validate some fundamental assumptions about software development.
CiteSeerX: AI in a Digital Library Search Engine

CiteSeerX is a digital library search engine that provides access to more than 4 million academic documents with nearly a million users and millions of hits per day. Artificial intelligence (AI) technologies are used in many components of CiteSeerX e.g. to accurately extract metadata, intelligently crawl the web, and ingest documents. We present key AI technologies used in the following components: document classification and deduplication, document and citation clustering, automatic metadata extraction and indexing, and author disambiguation. These AI technologies have been developed by CiteSeerX group members over the past 5–6 years. We also show the usage status, payoff, development challenges, main design concepts, and deployment and maintenance requirements. While it is challenging to rebuild a system like CiteSeerX from scratch, many of these AI technologies are transferable to other digital libraries and/or search engines.
Simultaneous Learning and Prediction

Agents in real-world environments may have only partial access to available information, often in an arbitrary, or hard to model, manner. By reasoning with knowledge at their disposal, agents may hope to recover some missing information. By acquiring the knowledge through a process of learning, the agents may further hope to guarantee that the recovered information is indeed correct. Assuming only a black-box access to a learning process and a prediction process that are able to cope with missing information in some principled manner, we examine how the two processes should interact so that they improve their overall joint performance. We identify natural scenarios under which the interleaving of the processes is provably beneficial over their independent use.
Mielenterveyden edistämisen dilemmat

Mielenterveyden edistämisen käsite tarvitsee selkeyttämistä, jotta sen soveltaminen olisi tehokasta. Tässä puheenvuorossa avataan käsitteen käyttöä ja tuodaan esille salutogeenisen mielenterveyden edistämisen merkitys. Termiä edistäminen pidetään tulkinnanvaraisena käsitteenä, jota usein käytetään vapaamuotoisesti (Lavikainen & al. 2000; Savola & Koskinen-Ollonqvist 2005; Herrman & al. 2005a; Lindfors & al. 2010; Parviainen & al. 2010). Sekä suomalainen että ulkomainen kirjallisuus viittaa käsitteen monimuotoisuuteen. Englannin kielessä edistämisestä käytettävästä promootion käsitteestä esimerkiksi muodostui nopeasti eräänlainen sateenkaarikäsite, eikä sen sisältö saanut yhteistä merkitystä (Scriven 2010). Edistämisen monimuotoisuutta lisää myös eri tieteenalojen erot termin käytössä (ks. Herrman & al. 2005b). Kaiken kaikkiaan edistävää työtä on lähestytty monista lähtökohdista. Sitä on jaettu eri ulottuvuuksiin toiminnan kohteen (yksilö, yhteisö, yhteiskunta), tausta-ajattelun (edistäminen ja ehkäiseminen), toimintaa määrittävien arvojen, tavoitteiden, sisällön tai tulosten mukaan (ks. Savola & Koskinen-Ollonqvist 2005). Laaja-alaisempaa terveyden edistämistä käytetään Jill Mabenin ja Jill Macleod Clarkin (1995) käsiteanalyysin mukaan sekä yläkäsitteenä kaikelle terveyttä tukevalle toiminnalle, synonyyminä terveyskasvatukselle, rinnasteisena terveysajatusten markkinoinnille, elämäntapojen muutoksen yhteydessä sekä viitatessa uuteen terveysvalistukseen, jossa keskeistä on sosiaalinen muutos ja rakenteet. Terveyden edistäminen voidaan nähdä myös arvoperusteisena toiminnan strategiana, johon liittyvät erityisesti omavoimaistamisen ja osallisuuden ideat. Edistäminen näyttää erilaiselta riippuen siitä, keneltä kysyy ja minkälaisissa konteksteissa toimintaa määritellään. (Maben & Clark 1995.) Tarvitaankin yhteisiä käsitteitä ja yhteistä ymmärrystä siitä, mitä mielenterveyden edistämisellä tarkoitetaan.
Modes de vie et politiques municipales : regards sur le milieu périurbain montréalais

A partir d’une lecture critique des travaux d’Alan Walks et d’une enquete de terrain exploratoire menee dans une municipalite du milieu periurbain montrealais, l’objectif de cet article est de demontrer que les frontieres municipales sont des marqueurs ideologiques forts, susceptibles d’expliquer les valeurs differentes que l’on associe aux quartiers centraux et aux quartiers suburbains. A ce titre, l’analyse des politiques publiques adoptees par les municipalites de banlieue est un moyen de saisir l’importance de la frontiere municipale et des valeurs qu’elle recouvre.
Characteristics of teeth referred to a public dental specialist clinic in endodontics

AIM To investigate referrals to a specialist clinic in endodontics in relation to previously root filled teeth and to determine how many of these teeth had a history of symptoms and the extent to which antibiotics were prescribed. METHODOLOGY The total number of referrals to the specialist clinic in endodontics in Gothenburg, Sweden, in 2011 was investigated retrospectively by means of patient records. The endodontic status together with the presence or absence of symptoms was registered. The following variables were also examined: gender, age, tooth number and lower or upper jaw. Additionally for root filled teeth, the type of restoration, the technical quality of the root filling and the presence of apical periodontitis were registered. The use of antibiotics was examined for all of the included teeth. Statistical analysis was performed using generalized estimating equation methods applied to univariable and multivariable logistic regression. RESULTS A total of 1117 patient records were investigated, including 1341 referred teeth. Pain and/or swelling were recorded for 658 (54.3%) teeth. Symptoms were significantly more associated with females (P < 0.0001) and molar teeth (P < 0.0001). Seven hundred twenty-nine (54.4%) of the referred teeth were root filled, and of these, 377 (56.0%) were associated with pain and/or swelling. Root filled teeth restored with a post and core were less frequently related to symptoms (P = 0.009). One hundred sixty-two (22.3%) root filled teeth were treated with antibiotics, which was significantly more frequent than for non-root filled teeth (P < 0.0001). Also, root filled teeth with an adequate root filling were significantly associated with more frequent antibiotics prescriptions (23.8%) than root filled teeth with an inadequate root filling (17.0%) (P = 0.0010). CONCLUSION Root filled teeth constituted the majority of cases referred to this specialist clinic in endodontics. The majority of these teeth were associated with symptomatic conditions, and antibiotics were prescribed to approximately 20% of the patients referred for a root filled tooth. The findings suggest that symptomatic root filled teeth may be a substantial clinical problem in general dentistry and contribute to avoidable prescription of antibiotics.
Prevention of thromboembolic disease following total knee arthroplasty. Epidural versus general anesthesia.

Seventy-two patients were randomized into a prospective clinical trial to evaluate the effects of epidural (EA) versus general anesthesia (GA) on the incidence of thromboembolic disease (TED) following total knee arthroplasty (TKA). Males received aspirin 650 mg po bid and females low-dose warfarin daily to maintain the prothrombin time at 15 to 16 seconds for pharmacologic prophylaxis against TED. Thirty-four patients had EA and 38 GA for their primary TKA. Contrast venography and ventilation-perfusion scanning were performed on the sixth, seventh, and eighth postoperative days, and these were interpreted in a blinded fashion. The mean age of the 45 males and 27 females was 64 years (range, 42-84 years). There were no significant differences between the two groups with respect to hematocrit, operative time, blood loss, number of units transfused, or hospital stay. Twelve of the 34 patients (35%) receiving an EA and 10 of the 38 patients (26%) receiving GA developed TED, an overall incidence of 31% (p greater than 0.05) Fifty-three percent of the clots were located in the popliteal vein above the trifurcation or more proximal. However, the incidence of proximal vein thrombosis was significantly less in patients receiving an EA (46%) rather than a GA (64%). The incidence and distribution of clots was not affected by the type of pharmacologic prophylaxis, gender, or use of methylmethacrylate. Ten percent of the patients had a positive scan by strict criteria and were thought to have a pulmonary embolism (PE). In patients with a femoral vein clot, the incidence of PE was 67%. One bleeding complication occurred in a patient who took double the appropriate warfarin dose. (ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Noninvasive determination of venomuscular efficiency.

PURPOSE The purpose of this study was to express quantitatively and noninvasively the efficiency of the venomuscular pump by using photoplethysmography (PPG). METHODS AND PATIENTS PPG was used to record volume changes induced by dorsiflexion resulting in exercise displacement volume (EDV) and subsequently by passive limb elevation resulting in tilt displacement volume (TDV). Dividing EDV by TDV yields efficiency of the venomuscular pump. Twenty-four control subjects, 21 patients with venous valvular insufficiency (VVI), and 10 additional patients with both VVI and deep venous thrombosis (DVT) were studied. Data for one leg in each subject are reported. Though calculation of efficiency does not require calibrated or quantitative PPG, in this case because we used calibrated PPG we recorded the respective values for EDV after dorsiflexion and TDV after passive leg elevation. RESULTS EDV decreased from a normal value of 3.15% optical reflectance (% OR) to 1.68% OR in patients with VVI and 1.09% OR in patients with VVI plus DVT. TDV response was quite opposite, increasing from 6.55% OR in the control group to 10.30% OR in the VVI group and 16.66% OR in the VVI plus DVT group. Finally, efficiency decreased from the average normal value of 50.5% to 24.4% in the VVI group and 8.8% in the VVI plus DVT group. CONCLUSION Dividing EDV by TDV, venomuscular efficiency can be determined and may be considered a useful index of venous hemodynamics.
A multi-task convolutional neural network for mega-city analysis using very high resolution satellite imagery and geospatial data

Mega-city analysis with very high resolution (VHR) satellite images has been drawing increasing interest in the fields of city planning and social investigation. It is known that accurate land-use, urban density, and population distribution information is the key to mega-city monitoring and environmental studies. Therefore, how to generate land-use, urban density, and population distribution maps at a fine scale using VHR satellite images has become a hot topic. Previous studies have focused solely on individual tasks with elaborate hand-crafted features and have ignored the relationship between different tasks. In this study, we aim to propose a universal framework which can: 1) automatically learn the internal feature representation from the raw image data; and 2) simultaneously produce fine-scale land-use, urban density, and population distribution maps. For the first target, a deep convolutional neural network (CNN) is applied to learn the hierarchical feature representation from the raw image data. For the second target, a novel CNN-based universal framework is proposed to process the VHR satellite images and generate the land-use, urban density, and population distribution maps. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first CNN-based mega-city analysis method which can process a VHR remote sensing image with such a large data volume. A VHR satellite image (1.2 m spatial resolution) of the center of Wuhan covering an area of 2606 km2 was used to evaluate the proposed method. The experimental results confirm that the proposed method can achieve a promising accuracy for land-use, urban density, and population distribution maps.