Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Open-ViBE: A Three Dimensional Platform for Real-Time Neuroscience

Background. When the physiological activity of the brain (e.g., electroencephalogram, functional magnetic resonance imaging, tc.) is monitored in real-time, feedback can be returned to the subject and he/she can try to exercise some control over it. This idea is at the base of research on neurofeedback and brain-computer interfaces. Current advances in the speed of microprocessors, graphics cards and digital signal processing algorithms allow significant improvements in these methods. More meaningful features from the continuous flow of brain activation can be extracted and feedback can be more informative. Methods. Borrowing technology so far employed only in virtual reality, we have created Open-ViBE (Open Platform for Virtual Brain Environments). Open-ViBE is a general purpose platform for the development of three dimensional real-time virtual representations of brain physiological and anatomical data. Open-ViBE is a flexible and modular platform that integrates modules for brain physiological data acquisition, processing, and volumetric rendering. Results. When input data is the electroencephalogram, Open-ViBE uses the estimation of intra-cranial current density to represent brain activation as a regular grid of three dimensional graphical objects. The color and size of these objects co-vary with the amplitude and/or direction of the electrical current. This representation can be superimposed onto a volumetric rendering of the subject’s MRI data to form the anatomical background of the scene. The user can navigate in this virtual brain and visualize it as a whole or only some of its parts. This allows the user to experience the sense of presence (being there) in the scene and to observe the dynamics of brain current activity in its original spatio-temporal relations. Conclusions. The platform is based on publicly available frameworks such as OpenMASK and OpenSG and is open source itself. In this way we aim to enhance the cooperation of researchers and to promote the use of the platform on a large scale.
Dynamic Assessment of Writing: The Impact of Implicit/Explicit Mediations on L2 Learners' Internalization of Writing Skills and Strategies

Dynamic assessment is a procedure in which development is simultaneously assessed and improved with regard to the individual's or group's Zone of Proximal Development (ZPD; Lantolf & Poehner, 2004). This study aimed to follow dynamic assessment and investigate the impact of three types of implicit and explicit feedback on the essay writing of English language learners. The participants of the study (N = 32) were male students at the Bachelor of Science level at Sharif University of Technology and Amirkabir University of Technology. The analysis of the data showed that the learners had different ZPDs regarding noticing and developing writing skills and strategies, and performed much better on writing in posttest than pretest. Findings of this study suggested that (a) dynamic assessment of writing had a positive effect on improving internalization of writing content and organization skills and strategies of L2 learners, (b) the internalization of skills and strategies appeared hierarchically, and (c) teachers' mediation in the form of explicit feedback was the most effective hint within the dynamic assessment procedures.
Globalization and Development: Challenges and Opportunities for Sociocybernetics

The rapid consolidation of a new global economy and its impact upon social organization, political structures, and world cultures constitute one of the major issues in the social sciences today. Economic and social changes are well underway, led by the expansion of world markets, concentration of international  nancing, and a more powerful presence of transnational corporations. New technologies and their accelerated diffusion have made feasible the internationalization of natural and human resources considered central to the new economy, as well as the collapse of old geographical and national boundaries. While modern technology has served as the vehicle for globalization to advance, the fuel and direction are being provided by the ideological foundations of the free-market economy. Global capitalism is generating, however, severe conditions of income inequality, new environmental risks, social con icts, and challenges to world development. As Teeple remarks, ‘Globalization can be de ned as the arrival of ‘self-generating capital’ at the global level: that is, capital as capital, capital in the form of the transnational corporation, increasingly free of national loyalties, controls, and interests’ (1995, p. 7). From this perspective, the social and political consequences of a single, powerful, and unregulated world market will be marked by increasing insecurity, poverty, and economic injustice. Beer describes the paradigm of this change in even stronger terms:
First-in-HumanStudyofPF-05212384 ( PKI-587 ) , a Small-Molecule , Intravenous , Dual Inhibitor of PI 3 K and mTOR in Patients with Advanced Cancer

Purpose: To evaluate safety (primary endpoint), tolerability, pharmacokinetics, pharmacodynamic profile, and preliminary activity of the intravenous, pan-class I isoform PI3K/mTOR inhibitor PF-05212384 in patients with advanced solid tumors. Experimental Design: Part 1 of this open-label phase I study was designed to estimate the maximum-tolerated dose (MTD) in patients with nonselected solid tumors, using a modified continual reassessment method to guide dose escalation. Objectives of part 2 were MTD confirmation and assessment of preliminary activity in patients with selected tumor types and PI3K pathway dysregulation. Results: Seventy-seven of the 78 enrolled patients received treatment. TheMTD for PF-05212384, administered intravenously once weekly, was estimated to be 154 mg. The most common treatment-related adverse events (AE) were mucosal inflammation/stomatitis (58.4%), nausea (42.9%), hyperglycemia (26%), decreased appetite (24.7%), fatigue (24.7%), and vomiting (24.7%). The majority of patients treated at the MTD experienced only grade 1 treatment-related AEs. Grade 3 treatment-related AEs occurred in 23.8% of patients at the MTD. No treatment-related grade 4–5 AEs were reported at any dose level. Antitumor activity was noted in this heavily pretreated patient population, with two partial responses (PR) and an unconfirmed PR. Eight patients had long-lasting stable disease (>6 months). Pharmacokinetic analyses showed a biphasic concentration–time profile for PF05212384 (half-life, 30–37 hours after multiple dosing). PF05212384 inhibited downstream effectors of the PI3K pathway in paired tumor biopsies. Conclusions: These findings demonstrate the manageable safety profile and antitumor activity of the PI3K/mTOR inhibitor PF-05212384, supporting further clinical development for patients with advanced solid malignancies. Clin Cancer Res; 21(8);
Causes of Conjugal Dissolution: A Cross-cultural Study

ALI, HAIDAR IBRAHIM. i986. "Ilm al-ijtima' wal sira' al-idiyoloji fil mujtama' al-'arabi" (Sociology and ideological conflict in Arab society), in Nahw'ilm iltima arabi (Towards an Arab sociology), pp. I07-37. Beirut: Markaz dirasat al wihdah al-'arabiyah. AL-SAYYED, RADWAN. I98I. Al-Jami' wal madrasa wal jami'atarikhiyyat l-'ilm al-islami wa jughrafiyyat al-mu'assah alhaditha (The mosque, the madrasa, and the university: The historicity of Islamic scholarship and the geography of the contemporary institution). Al-Fikr al-'Arabi, no. 20, pp. 4-IO. i985. Mushkulat al-bahth al-ijtima'i al-'arabi (Problems of Arab sociological research). Al-Fikr al-'Arabi, nos. 37-38, pp. 4-I3.
The prevalence of tobacco smoking and attitudes of Polish pulmonologists towards smoking.

INTRODUCTION Pulmonologists can play an important role in smoking prevention and control. The aim of this study was to assess smoking prevalence among Polish pulmonologists and physicians' behaviour towards smoking patients. MATERIAL AND METHODS The study was performed in 2006 during national congress of Polish Respiratory Society. The survey was performed using a questionnaire including questions regarding age, sex, professional activities, specialty, academic degree and respondents' nicotine status, attitude and activity towards smoking patients. RESULTS Questionnaires were filled in by 498 physicians: 160 (32.1%) men and 338 (67.9%) women, out of 852 participating physicians (58.5%) who received the questionnaire. There were 11.3% smokers (13.8% men and 10% women), 25.1% of surveyed physicians were ex-smokers, and 63.6% never smokers. 91.4% of respondents always ask patients if they smoke. 87.4% physicians always advise smoking cessation to their patients, but smoking cessation support is offered only by 48% of respondents. Almost half respondents use drugs in nicotine dependence treatment. Majority of respondents (81.1%) think that physician's attitude influences patient's behaviour. More than a half (55.7%) think that smoking by physicians is not in accordance with physician's ethics. 91.4% support smoking ban in public places. CONCLUSIONS This study found a lower prevalence of smoking among Polish pulmonologists compared with the general population, and with the previous surveys and demonstrated the impact of personal smoking on physicians' attitudes towards smoking.
The Aging Self: Stabilizing and Protective Processes

Abstract The transition from middle to later adulthood involves a multitude of changes and losses on physical, psychological, and social levels that impose considerable strain on the individual′s construction of self and personal continuity. Widespread assumptions which relate psychological aging to reduced well-being, loss of control, and problems of self-esteem, however, have received astonishingly little empirical support. Recent evidence rather gives testimony to a considerable resourcefulness and adaptive flexibility of the aging self. The present article attempts to lend further substance to this emerging picture of psychological aging. It is argued that preservation and stabilization of a positive view of self and personal development in later life basically involve three functionally interdependent processes: (a) instrumental and compensatory activities that aim at preventing or alleviating losses in domains which are relevant to self-esteem and identity; (b) accommodative changes and readjustments of personal goals and aspirations, which dampen or neutralize negative self-evaluations; (c) immunizing mechanisms, which mitigate the impact of self-discrepant evidence
Multiscale Structure in Eco-Evolutionary Dynamics

In a complex system, the individual components are neither so tightly coupled or correlated that they can all be treated as a single unit, nor so uncorrelated that they can be approximated as independent entities. Instead, patterns of interdependency lead to structure at multiple scales of organization. Evolution excels at producing such complex structures. In turn, the existence of these complex interrelationships within a biological system affects the evolutionary dynamics of that system. I present a mathematical formalism for multiscale structure, grounded in information theory, which makes these intuitions quantitative, and I show how dynamics defined in terms of population genetics or evolutionary game theory can lead to multiscale organization. For complex systems, "more is different," and I address this from several perspectives. Spatial host--consumer models demonstrate the importance of the structures which can arise due to dynamical pattern formation. Evolutionary game theory reveals the novel effects which can result from multiplayer games, nonlinear payoffs and ecological stochasticity. Replicator dynamics in an environment with mesoscale structure relates to generalized conditionalization rules in probability theory. The idea of natural selection "acting at multiple levels" has been mathematized in a variety of ways, not all of which are equivalent. We will face down the confusion, using the experience developed over the course of this thesis to clarify the situation.
Anchorless Prion Protein Results in Infectious Amyloid Disease Without Clinical Scrapie

In prion and Alzheimer's diseases, the roles played by amyloid versus nonamyloid deposits in brain damage remain unresolved. In scrapie-infected transgenic mice expressing prion protein (PrP) lacking the glycosylphosphatidylinositol (GPI) membrane anchor, abnormal protease-resistant PrPres was deposited as amyloid plaques, rather than the usual nonamyloid form of PrPres. Although PrPres amyloid plaques induced brain damage reminiscent of Alzheimer's disease, clinical manifestations were minimal. In contrast, combined expression of anchorless and wild-type PrP produced accelerated clinical scrapie. Thus, the PrP GPI anchor may play a role in the pathogenesis of prion diseases.
Direct collagen-material engineering for tissue fabrication.

So what is the "big deal" about engineering of collagen materials? It is certainly not enough to produce the familiar line about it being "more physiological. " This phrase explains very little of the substance and gets nowhere near to the base of the question. We need to be clear about why this is important enough to justify a major new research investment.
Study on Parallel Clustering Based on Asynchronous Communication

In order to improve the speed of clustering data mining, aiming at the characteristics of BIRCH algorithm, this paper has done research and analysis on rapid clustering data mining in the cluster system, and presented several improvement suggestions such as using data parallel thinking, uniform data distribution strategy , clustering communication mode and the optimization of clustering results. Experiment results show that the paralleling algorithm using asynchronous communication can achieve better performance and speedup than that synchronous one.
Effective Treatment With Clozapine and Valproate for Refractory Schizophrenia-Like Psychosis After Cerebellar Hemorrhage

Background: The cerebellum has traditionally been regarded as an organ of motor coordination. However, the importance of the cerebellum in psychiatric disorders, behavior, and cognition is increasingly being recognized. There is no consensus concerning treatment of schizophrenia-like psychosis after cerebellar pathology. Reports describe the use of several antipsychotics, either alone or in combination with antidepressants or lithium. Clozapine is used for the treatment of refractory schizophrenia, but there are no reports of its use in the above-mentioned situation. Case Presentation: We report the case of a 20-year-old woman who developed a schizophrenia-like psychosis after rupture of arteriovenous malformation at 13 years of age. The psychotic symptoms proved to be resistant to treatment, and several psychopharmacological schemas were tried. The clinical picture only showed consistent improvement with the combined use of clozapine and valproate. Conclusions: The relationship between chronic psychosis and cerebellar pathology remains poorly understood. Cases like the present one suggest that clozapine and valproate may be used safely and effectively in refractory schizophrenia-like psychosis associated with cerebellar pathology.
At War With God: Ju/'Hoan Curing Dances

In the 1950s and 1960s, only a few ! Kung speaking San, or Bushmen, continued to follow the traditional way of life of nomadic food gathering in the Kalahari semi-desert of Southern Africa. One group were the Ju/'hoansi of the Nyae Nyae and Dobe areas of the Northwestern Kalahari. It is their religion that is discussed in this article. Their central rite was the curing dance, an all-night ritual which they often practised (and practise now, after they have settled permanently, even more commonly than before). 2 It served as their major means of maintaining solidarity within their egalitarian bands 3 and of removing conflict from it __ another means being the sharing of the food they had collected and the meat they had hunted. Solidarity was maintained through the curing dance, partly because the dance was itself a process of sharing, of n/um, 'curing power', and partly because it served as a ritual of exclusion. God and the deceased were blamed for the evil present in the group, were declared personae non gratae and refused admission to the dances as unwelcome aliens, the ! Kung waging a continual ritual war upon them as their sole enemies. The special interest of this religion and this ritual for the comparative study of religions is highlighted by an examination of the link between the anthropological study of the ! Kung curing dances and recent archaeological research on San art, especially the thousands of rock paintings which have been found all over Southern Africa, and which are interpreted now as reflecting a tradition of San curing dances dating back for many millennia.
Workaholism among Australian women psychologists: antecedents and consequences

This research considered potential antecedents and consequences of workaholism in a sample of 324 female Australian psychologists. Three workaholism types were compared based on measures developed by Spence and Robbins. Data were collected using self‐report questionnaires completed anonymously. Antecedents included personal and work situation characteristics, a measure of personal beliefs and fears and a measure of organizational values supporting work‐personal life imbalance. Consequences included measures of validating job behaviors, work outcomes, psychological health and extra‐work satisfactions. The three workaholism types differed in personal beliefs and fears, work addicts (WAs) scoring higher than work enthusiasts (WEs). WAs indicated less job and career satisfaction than both WEs and enthusiastic addicts (EAs) and lower future career prospects than did EAs. WAs also reported lower emotional health than did WEs. The workaholism types were similar on extra work satisfactions. Each workaholism type also worked similar hours per week as well. These findings validate previous conclusions indicating similar findings for both men and women.
American Journal of Epidemiology Original Contribution Transgenerational Effect of Neighborhood Poverty on Low Birth Weight among African Americans in Cook County, Illinois

In perinatal epidemiology, transgenerational risk factors are defined as conditions experienced by one generation that affect the pregnancy outcomes of the next generation. The authors investigated the transgenerational effect of neighborhood poverty on infant birth weight among African Americans. Stratified and multilevel logistic regression analyses were performed on an Illinois transgenerational data set with appended US Census income information. Singleton African-American infants (n ¼ 40,648) born in 1989–1991 were considered index births. The mothers of index infants had been born in 1956–1976. The maternal grandmothers of index infants were identified. Rates of infant low birth weight (<2,500 g) rose as maternal grandmother's residential environment during her pregnancy deteriorated, independently of mother's residential environment during her pregnancy. In a multilevel logistic regression model that accounted for clustering by maternal grandmother's residential environment , the adjusted odds ratio (controlling for mother's age, education, prenatal care, cigarette smoking status, and residential environment) for infant low birth weight for maternal grandmother's residence in a poor neighborhood (compared with an affluent neighborhood) equaled 1.3 (95% confidence interval: 1.1, 1.4). This study suggests that maternal grandmother's exposure to neighborhood poverty during her pregnancy is a risk factor for infant low birth weight among African Americans. The high rate of low birth weight (<2,500 g) and consequent infant mortality among African Americans is a long-standing epidemiologic enigma. Emerging conceptual models emphasize the importance of African-American women's in utero experiences as contributors to adult reproductive health (1). In perinatal epidemiology, transgenerational risk factors are defined as conditions experienced by one generation that affect the pregnancy outcomes of the next generation. In a seminal study, Lumey and Stein (2) investigated the Dutch Famine cohort and found that maternal grandmother's exposure to extreme caloric restriction and social deprivation were negatively associated with mean infant birth weight, independently of maternal factors. Consistent with a transgenerational conceptual model of reproductive outcome, Emanuel (3) found that infant low birth weight was influenced more by the circumstances of the mother's family during her childhood than by conditions experienced during pregnancy. The impact of transgenerational factors on the African-American infant's birth weight disadvantage is poorly understood. In the vast majority of metropolitan areas in the United States, the geographic separation of African Americans and whites is almost complete (4). Moreover, a disproportionately large percentage of African-American women reside in disadvantaged urban neighborhoods with concentrated poverty (4). Although it has been well documented that African-American mothers' …
BUILDING YOUTH-ADULT PARTNERSHIPS FOR COMMUNITY CHANGE: LESSONS FROM THE YOUTH LEADERSHIP INSTITUTE

This article explores the way one youth leadership development organization has used youth–adult partnerships (Y-APs) as a practice to support youth participation in community-change efforts in the San Francisco Bay Area and throughout California. The authors describe how Y-APs are used in two principal areas of the Youth Leadership Institute's work: training and philanthropy. The authors also present a set of lessons learned through over 12 years of Y-AP practice. Based on this experience, they highlight the importance of organizational pathways for leadership development, the necessity of advance preparation by youth and adults, the need to moderate program intensity, and the difficulty of sustaining Y-APs in a resource-scarce environment. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Comm Psychol 33: 111–120, 2005.
Ideology, Materialization, and Power Strategies

Ideology, as part of culture, is an integral component of human interactions and the power strategies that configure sociopolitical systems. We argue that ideology is materialized, or given concrete form, in order to be a part of the human culture that is broadly shared by members of a society. This process of materialization makes it possible to control, manipulate, and extend ideology beyond the local group. Ideology becomes an important source of social power when it can be given material form and controlled by a dominant group. We illustrate this process using three archaeological case studies: Neolithic and Bronze Age chiefdoms of Denmark, the Moche states of northern Peru, and the Inka empire of the Andes.
Developing and Testing a Measure of Social Support With Mexican-Origin Pregnant Adolescents and Their Mother Figures

The current study describes the development and psychometric testing of the Global Support From Mother Figure During Pregnancy Scale (GSMF-P). The measure is developed in both Spanish and English to assess social support provided to adolescents during their pregnancies. The current study examines the reliability, cross-language equivalence, and validity of the scale with a sample of 207 pregnant, Mexican-origin adolescents (M age = 16.2, SD = 0.98) and their mother figures (M age = 40.9, SD = 7.01). The scale demonstrates strong internal consistency across reporters and language versions. Furthermore, findings provide support for the measurement equivalence of the English and Spanish versions. Finally, all construct validity hypotheses are supported, providing initial evidence that the GSMF-P appears to be assessing the construct of mother figure social support from both adolescents’ and mother figures’ perspectives.