Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
A Study of Body Concern,Social Anxiety and Depression in Chinese Medical Students

Objective: To explore the prevalence of body image dissatisfaction and body dysmorphic disorder in first-year medical students in China and to determine the relationship between body image concerns with social anxiety and depression. Methods: A self -report survey design was used to gather the data, with the Body Shape Questionnaire, Swansea Muscularity Attitudes Questionnaire, Social Interaction Anxiety Scale, Dysmorphic Concern Questionnaire, Zung Self-Rating Depression Scale and the Body Dysmorphic Disorder Questionnaire. A total of 500 first-year medical students participated in the survey. Results: Six female participants met the DSM-IV criteria for body dysmorphic disorder. The overall body dysmorphic disorder case was 1.27%(2.03% for female). 32.48% indicated that they were very concerned about some aspects of their appearance unrelated to weight. Those who displayed concern with their appearance had higher levels of depression and anxiety than those who had positive body image. Females were predominantly concerned about body weight and shape, while males focused on muscularity. Conclusion: Those who display concern with their appearance or suffer from body dysmorphic disorder have higher levels of depression and anxiety and pay more attention to weight and body shape than those who have positive body image.
Oil and SUDS : managing a priority urban pollutant

Oil has been identified as a major contaminant of highway runoff, and perhaps the most significant diffuse source urban pollutant. This paper assesses the trapping and degradation of road runoff derived oil, in soft engineering SUDS. The occurrence and distribution of oil associated with road traffic, was measured in soils and pond sediments from several different types of SUDS at locations in the UK. These were: a roadside swale (and a grass verge) along two major approach roads into Edinburgh; a pair of extended detention basins serving the M74 Motorway, and a grass filter strip serving a lorry parking area at Hopwood Services on the M40. Samples were also taken of sediment from a gravel filter drain along the M74, as part of treatment train evaluation. Conclusions include recommendations on use of source control features such as swales, filter strips and detention basins, as priority features that can facilitate degradation of oil. Key-words Oil, degradation, SUDS, BMPs, soil, traffic, treatment train.
Inferring Psycholinguistic Properties of Words

We introduce a bootstrapping algorithm for regression that exploits word embedding models. We use it to infer four psycholinguistic properties of words: Familiarity, Age of Acquisition, Concreteness and Imagery and further populate the MRC Psycholinguistic Database with these properties. The approach achieves 0 . 88 correlation with human-produced values and the inferred psycholinguistic features lead to state-of-the-art results when used in a Lexical Simpliﬁcation task.
The combination of novel low molecular weight inhibitors of RAF (LBT613) and target of rapamycin (RAD001) decreases glioma proliferation and invasion

Monotherapies have proven largely ineffective for the treatment of glioblastomas, suggesting that increased patient benefit may be achieved by combining therapies. Two protumorigenic pathways known to be active in glioblastoma include RAS/RAF/mitogen-activated protein kinase and phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase/AKT/target of rapamycin (TOR). We investigated the efficacy of a combination of novel low molecular weight inhibitors LBT613 and RAD001 (everolimus), which were designed to target RAF and TOR, respectively. LBT613 decreased phosphorylation of extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1 and 2, downstream effectors of RAF, in a human glioma cell line. RAD001 resulted in decreased phosphorylation of the TOR effector S6. To determine if targeting RAF and TOR activities could result in decreased protumorigenic glioma cellular behaviors, we evaluated the abilities of LBT613 and RAD001 to affect the proliferation, migration, and invasion of human glioma cells. Treatment with either LBT613 or RAD001 alone significantly decreased the proliferation of multiple human glioma cell lines. Furthermore, LBT613 and RAD001 in combination synergized to decrease glioma cell proliferation in association with G1 cell cycle arrest. Glioma invasion is a critical contributor to tumor malignancy. The combination of LBT613 and RAD001 inhibited the invasion of human glioma cells through Matrigel to a greater degree than treatment with either drug alone. These data suggest that the combination of LBT613 and RAD001 reduces glioma cell proliferation and invasion and support examination of the combination of RAF and TOR inhibitors for the treatment of human glioblastoma patients. [Mol Cancer Ther 2007;6(9):2449–57]
Determination of a Statistically Valid Neutralization Titer in Plasma That Confers Protection against Simian-Human Immunodeficiency Virus Challenge following Passive Transfer of High-Titered Neutralizing Antibodies

ABSTRACT We previously reported that high-titered neutralizing antibodies directed against the human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) envelope can block the establishment of a simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV)/HIV chimeric virus (SHIV) infection in two monkeys following passive transfer (R. Shibata et al., Nat. Med. 5:204-210, 1999). In the present study, increasing amounts of neutralizing immunoglobulin G (IgG) were administered to 15 pig-tailed macaques in order to obtain a statistically valid protective neutralization endpoint titer in plasma. Using an in vitro assay which measures complete neutralization of the challenge SHIV, we correlated the titers of neutralizing antibodies in plasma at the time of virus inoculation (which ranged from 1:3 to 1:123) with the establishment of infection in virus-challenged animals. Ten of 15 monkeys in the present experiment were virus free as a result of neutralizing IgG administration as monitored by DNA PCR (peripheral blood mononuclear cells and lymph node cells), RNA PCR (plasma), virus isolation, and the transfer of lymph node cell suspensions (108 cells) plus 8 ml of whole blood from protected animals to naïve macaques. The titer of neutralizing antibodies in the plasma calculated to protect 99% of virus-challenged monkeys was 1:38.
The Knowledge Instinct, Cognitive Functions of Music and Cultural Evolution

Evolution of music ability has been considered a mystery from Aristotle to Darwin and as no adaptive purpose has been identified yet, making music is still a puzzle for evolutionary biologists. This chapter considers a new theory of music origin and evolution, identifying a cognitive function of music which helps overcoming cognitive dissonance based on the unification of consciousness that is differentiated by language. According to this theory, music is fundamental for cultural evolution. The reason for music strongly affecting us is that it helps overcoming unpleasant emotions of cognitive contradictions, which are conditions of accumulating knowledge. The chapter considers experimental evidence supporting this theory and the joint evolution of music, culture, and consciousness.
A model for stock price fluctuations based on information

The author presents a new model for stock price fluctuations based on a concept of "information. " In contrast, the usual Black-Scholes-Merton-Samuelson (1965, 1973) model is based on the explicit assumption that information is uniformly held by everyone and plays no role in stock prices. The new model is based on the evident nonuniformity of information in the market and the evident time delay until new information becomes generally known. A second contribution of the paper is to present some problems with explicit solutions which are of value in obtaining insights. Several problems of mathematical interest are compared in order to better understand which optimal stopping problems have explicit solutions.
Exploiting the Structure: Stochastic Gradient Methods Using Raw Clusters

The amount of data available in the world is growing faster than our ability to deal with it. However, if we take advantage of the internal \emph{structure}, data may become much smaller for machine learning purposes. In this paper we focus on one of the fundamental machine learning tasks, empirical risk minimization (ERM), and provide faster algorithms with the help from the clustering structure of the data. We introduce a simple notion of raw clustering that can be efficiently computed from the data, and propose two algorithms based on clustering information. Our accelerated algorithm ClusterACDM is built on a novel Haar transformation applied to the dual space of the ERM problem, and our variance-reduction based algorithm ClusterSVRG introduces a new gradient estimator using clustering. Our algorithms outperform their classical counterparts ACDM and SVRG respectively.
Fifteen years of cold matter on the atom chip: promise, realizations, and prospects

Here we review the field of atom chips in the context of Bose–Einstein Condensates (BEC) as well as cold matter in general. Twenty years after the first realization of the BEC and 15 years after the realization of the atom chip, the latter has been found to enable extraordinary feats: from producing BECs at a rate of several per second, through the realization of matter-wave interferometry, and all the way to novel probing of surfaces and new forces. In addition, technological applications are also being intensively pursued. This review will describe these developments and more, including new ideas which have not yet been realized.
Hybrid Wireless Communication using Optical and RF Communication and Industrial Application

This paper presents a new hybrid wireless communication structure that use both optical and RF communication to avoid traffic collision problem happened in normal wireless communication. The new communication protocol can be used to create a wireless communication with large number nodes. According to strictly scheduled wireless transmission, each wireless node transmit packets in a unique time slot, the wireless collision could be completely avoided. To show its performance and possible application, we implemented the wireless communication to DPS that is often used in factories. The result of the experiments for DPS illustrated that the new hybrid communication could provide good performance on both real-time property and reliability, besides, the DPS could achieve the similar performance of typical wire system. With more improvement on the hybrid system implementation, the new hybrid communication system may be expected to be widely applied in industrial field.
Preferential Localization of Rat GAPDS on the Ribs of Fibrous Sheath of Sperm Flagellum and Its Expression during Flagellar Formation

The proper assembly of sperm flagellar proteins is fundamental for sperm motility. The sperm- and spermatid-specific isoform of glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate dehydrogenase, GAPDS, is a flagellar protein indispensable for sperm flagellar movement. To obtain information on the assembly of the glycolytic enzyme into the flagellum, the precise localization of rat GAPDS in the flagellum and the stage of incorporation into the flagellum were examined using a monoclonal antibody. Immunolocalization of rat GAPDS was restricted to the fibrous sheath (FS) in the sperm flagellum, and was predominant in the circumferential ribs rather than the longitudinal columns. Immunoreactivity was first detected in the cytoplasm and flagella of the step-16 spermatids during the final step of FS formation. Together with the expression of other FS proteins, the present results indicate the sequential assembly of FS components, suggesting that the expression and transport of GAPDS is regulated in a coordinated manner during sperm flagellar formation.
Folded fully depleted Bulk+ technology as a highly W-scaled planar solution

This work proposes a Bulk+ planar fully depleted ldquofoldedrdquo technology as an innovative cost worthy solution for upcoming low power nodes. We report a detailed fabrication method, combining advanced selective epitaxy faceting and SON (Silicon-On-Nothing) process, to provide thin film/thin BOX devices with improved transistor gain beta for a given designed footprint Wdesign. We compare the fabrication between <110> channel, i.e. non-rotated wafer, and <100> channel, i.e. 45deg-rotated wafer, for the same (100) surface orientation.
Shear wave elastography of placenta: in vivo quantitation of placental elasticity in preeclampsia.

PURPOSE We aimed to evaluate the utility of shear wave elastography (SWE) for assessing the placenta in preeclampsia disease. METHODS A total of 50 pregnant women in the second or third trimester (23 preeclampsia patients and 27 healthy control subjects) were enrolled in the study. Obstetrical grayscale and Doppler ultrasonography, SWE findings of placenta, and prenatal/postnatal clinical data were analyzed and the best SWE cutoff value which represents the diagnosis of preeclampsia was determined. Sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value (PPV), negative predictive value (NPV), and diagnostic accuracy of preeclampsia were calculated based on SWE measurements. RESULTS Mean stiffness values were much higher in preeclamptic placentas in all regions and layers than in normal controls. The most significant difference was observed in the central placental area facing the fetus where the umbilical cord inserts, with a median of 21 kPa (range, 3-71 kPa) for preeclampsia and 4 kPa (range, 1.5-14 kPa) for the control group (P < 0.01). The SWE data showed a moderate correlation with the uterine artery resistivity and pulsatility indices. The cutoff value maximizing the accuracy of diagnosis was 7.35 kPa (area under curve, 0.895; 95% confidence interval, 0.791-0.998); sensitivity, specificity, PPV, NPV, and accuracy were 90%, 86%, 82%, 92%, and 88%, respectively. CONCLUSION Stiffness of the placenta is significantly higher in patients with preeclampsia. SWE appears to be an assistive diagnostic technique for placenta evaluation in preeclampsia.
Effects of divalent cations and spermine on the K+ channel TASK‐3 and on the outward current in thalamic neurons

The potassium channels TASK‐1 and TASK‐3 show high sequence homology but differ in their sensitivity to extracellular divalent cations. Heterologous expression in HEK293 cells showed that the single‐channel conductance of TASK‐3 increased approximately four‐fold after removal of external divalent cations, whereas the conductance of TASK‐1 was unaffected. Replacing the glutamate at position 70 of TASK‐3 by a lysine or arginine residue abolished the sensitivity to divalent cations. The reverse mutation in TASK‐1 (K70E) induced sensitivity to divalent cations. The organic polycations spermine and ruthenium red modulated the conductance of TASK‐3 in a similar way as Ca2+ or Mg2+. Our data suggest that these effects were mediated by shielding of the negative charges in the extracellular loops of TASK‐3. Whole‐cell currents carried by TASK‐3 channels were inhibited by spermine and ruthenium red even in the presence of external divalent cations. These data suggest that, in addition to their effect on single‐channel conductance, spermine and ruthenium red decreased the open probability of TASK‐3 channels, probably by binding to residue E70. The standing outward current in thalamocortical relay neurons, which is largely carried by TASK channels, was also inhibited by divalent cations and spermine. Using the differential sensitivity of TASK‐1 and TASK‐3 to divalent cations and spermine we found that about 20% of the standing outward current in thalamocortical relay neurons flows through TASK‐3 channels. We conclude from our results that inhibition of TASK‐3 channels may contribute to the neuromodulatory effect of spermine released from neurons during repetitive activity or during hypoxia.
Adapting video delivery based on motion triggered visual attention

Cues from human visual system (HVS) can be used for further optimization of compression in modern hybrid video coding platforms. We present work that explores and exploits motion related attentional limitations. Algorithms for exploiting motion triggered attention were developed and compared with MPEG AVC/H.264 encoder with various settings for different bitrate levels. For the sequences with high motion activity our algorithm provides up to 8% bitrate savings.
Les manifestations psychiatriques dans la démence: perspective phénoménologique

The study of psychiatric manifestations in dementia has long been overshadowed by the more classical manifestations of the disease, such as memory loss and other cognitive deficits. In recent years, however, psychiatric symptoms as part of the demential process have attracted interest and research has become more specific. Clinicians are faced with diagnostic, treatment and management difficulties related to affective or psychotic symptoms, which account for much distress and morbidity. Several studies indicate that the prevalence of psychiatric manifestations in clinical populations of patients suffering from dementia is high: 15% to 30% for hallucinations, 15% to 30% for delusions, ten percent to 20% for major depression and 40% to 50% for depressed mood. These figures tend to confirm the hypothesis that psychiatric features in dementia are neither infrequent nor atypical. Thus, researchers have sought to link psychotic or depressive symptomatology with several clinical characteristics of dementia, namely stage, severity, prognosis or cognitive dysfunction. Some recent studies involving extensive neuropsychological evaluations indicate that subgroups of patients can be defined according to psychiatric criteria, as well as cognitive or neurological criteria. Unfortunately, results are inconsistent. Some of the contradictions in the literature are related to poorly defined terms and symptoms, a lack of reliable operational criteria, absence of validation of instruments and scales and heterogeneity of the populations studied. Ambiguous syndromes, such as pseudodementia, while illustrative of certain clinical situations, have not been helpful in categorizing demented patients. The author suggests that research focused on specific and clearly defined psychiatric symptoms in dementia will better serve our comprehension of mixed syndromes.
Parasitological Contamination in Organic Composts Produced with Sewage Sludge

The activities performed daily by humans generate large volumes of waste from various areas, increasing environmental pollution and public health problems. According to the recommendations of the World Health Organization (WHO), the reactor effluent treatment from domestic sewages can be used in agriculture, since it applied to cultures that provide little risk of contamination with pathogens (Ayres & Mara, 1996). The sewage sludge is classified as class A when origins of processes with effective reduction of pathogens and can be used without restrictions in horticulture, and in the class B if results of processes of moderate reduction of pathogens, with more restricted use and be applied in reforestation and other cultures in which the risk of environmental and human contamination can be better controlled (Fernandes, 2000; David, 2002). Sewage sludge must have characteristics that allow its setting within the parameters set for each class (David, 2002). For class A, the most probable number of coliforms per gram of dried sludge must be less than 1000, and the parasitic contamination should be less than one viable egg of helminths in four grams of dried sludge and less than one egg per litre of effluent (WHO, 1989; Fernandes, 2000). The processes most often employed for the stabilization of sewage include the aerobic and anaerobic digestion. The application of lime and the composting are also recommended in some countries like USA, France and Brazil. However, the efficiency of the stabilization processes depends of the operational quality and of the pathogen characteristics present in the sewage sludge (Paulino et al., 2001).
The Contribution of the Maternal Immune System to the Establishment of Pregnancy in Cattle

Immune cells play an integral role in affecting successful reproductive function. Indeed, disturbed or aberrant immune function has been identified as primary mechanisms behind infertility. In contrast to the extensive body of literature that exists for human and mouse, studies detailing the immunological interaction between the embryo and the maternal endometrium are quite few in cattle. Nevertheless, by reviewing the existing studies and extrapolating from sheep, pig, mouse, and human data, we can draw a reasonably comprehensive picture. Key contributions of immune cell populations include granulocyte involvement in follicle differentiation and gamete transfer, monocyte invasion of the peri-ovulatory follicle and their subsequent role in corpus luteum formation and the pivotal roles of maternal macrophage and dendritic cells in key steps of the establishment of pregnancy, particularly, the maternal immune response to the embryo. These contributions are reviewed in detail below and key findings are discussed.
PAPR reduction technique using unused subcarriers for SFBC-based MIMO-OFDM systems

Orthogonal frequency division multiplexing based multiple input multiple output techniques (MIMO-OFDM) tend to achieve high data rate transmission targets for 4G wireless communication systems. However, due to its inherent drawback of high peak-to-average power ratio (PAPR), the OFDM based transmission may severely affect the power efficiency of RF power amplifiers. In this paper, we propose a simple approach to reduce the PAPR of MIMO-OFDM signals based on the use of unused subcarriers. In order to avoid processing the signals at each transmitter separately, a peak cancelling signal is only generated at one antenna and then employed to all the others with only simple modifications. Simulation has shown that by using this proposed approach, a minimum 2 dB reduction in PAPR can be achieved for all transmit signals. Since the generation of the peak cancellation signal for each transmitter separately is avoid, the overall cost of the system can be significantly reduced.
Displaying data in multidimensional relevance space with 2D visualization maps

The paper introduces a tool for visualizing a multidimensional relevance space. Abstractly, the information to be displayed consists of a large number of objects, a set of features that are likely to be of interest to the user, and some function that measures the relevance level of every object to the various features. The goal is to provide the user with a concise and comprehensible visualization of that information. For the type of applications concentrated on, the exact relevance measures of the objects are not significant. This enables accuracy to be traded for a clearer display. The idea is to "flatten" the multidimensionality of the feature space into a 2D "relevance map", capturing the inter-relations among the features, without causing too many ambiguous interpretations of the results. To better reflect the nature of the data and to resolve the ambiguity the authors refine the given set of features and introduce the notion of composed features. The layout of the map is then obtained by grading it according to a set of rules and using a simulated annealing algorithm which optimizes the layout with respect to these rules. The technique proposed has been implemented and tested, in the context of visualizing the result of a Web search, in the RMAP (Relevance Map) prototype system.