Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The Phenolic Hydroxyl Group of Carvacrol Is Essential for Action against the Food-Borne Pathogen Bacillus cereus

ABSTRACT The natural antimicrobial compound carvacrol shows a high preference for hydrophobic phases. The partition coefficients of carvacrol in both octanol-water and liposome-buffer phases were determined (3.64 and 3.26, respectively). Addition of carvacrol to a liposomal suspension resulted in an expansion of the liposomal membrane. Maximum expansion was observed after the addition of 0.50 μmol of carvacrol/mg of l-α-phosphatidylethanolamine. Cymene, a biological precursor of carvacrol which lacks a hydroxyl group, was found to have a higher preference for liposomal membranes, thereby causing more expansion. The effect of cymene on the membrane potential was less pronounced than the effect of carvacrol. The pH gradient and ATP pools were not affected by cymene. Measurement of the antimicrobial activities of compounds similar to carvacrol (e.g., thymol, cymene, menthol, and carvacrol methyl ester) showed that the hydroxyl group of this compound and the presence of a system of delocalized electrons are important for the antimicrobial activity of carvacrol. Based on this study, we hypothesize that carvacrol destabilizes the cytoplasmic membrane and, in addition, acts as a proton exchanger, thereby reducing the pH gradient across the cytoplasmic membrane. The resulting collapse of the proton motive force and depletion of the ATP pool eventually lead to cell death.
Case study: a smart water grid in Singapore

As aging water distribution infrastructures encounter failures with increasing frequency, there is a real need for integrated, on-line decision-support systems based on continuous in-network monitoring of hydraulic and water quality parameters. Such systems will form the basis of a Smart Water Grid, allowing water utilities to improve optimization of system operation, manage leakage control more effectively, and reduce the duration and disruption of repairs and maintenance. WaterWiSe is an integrated, end-to-end platform for real-time monitoring of water distribution systems that addresses these needs. This paper describes how WaterWiSe’s sensing and software platforms have helped improve the operational efficiency of the water supply system in downtown Singapore.
Recognizing Open-Vocabulary Relations between Objects in Images

How can we describe the relations between objects in a picture? As recent deep neural networks have exhibited i m pressive perform ance in identifying individual entities in a picture, in this study we turn our attention to recognize inter-object relations. To recognize open-do m ain relations, (a) we propose collecting relational concepts auto m atically fro m an i m age-text corpus. In addition, using collected relational instances, (b) we train a classiﬁer to recognize inter-object relations. A relation recognition experi m ent conducted in our study suggests that relative infor m ation calculated fro m objects i m proves relation recognition effectively.
SQL injection avoidance for protected database with ASCII using SNORT and HONEYPOT

Since 1998, SQL injection were started. So many ways of doing SQL injection on different type of database. Attacks are happened on data-driven web application for exploiting the data of the server. Existing IDS base prevention system working on predefine rules. But they are not stable. So, in order to prevent database from SQL Injection Attack, we propose a model, which is implemented with SNORT and HONEYPOT. Also data was encrypted with ASCII value. So, it allows us to secure our data from SQL Injection attack.
Robust Extraction of Metaphor from Novel Data

This article describes our novel approach to the automated detection and analysis of metaphors in text. We employ robust, quantitative language processing to implement a system prototype combined with sound social science methods for validation. We show results in 4 different languages and discuss how our methods are a significant step forward from previously established techniques of metaphor identification. We use Topical Structure and Tracking, an Imageability score, and innovative methods to build an effective metaphor identification system that is fully automated and performs well over baseline.
Digital Signature Scheme Based on the Inverse Bilinear Pairing Operation Problem

First, based on the bilinear pairings, a new computing problem, Inverse Bilinear Paring Operation Problem (IBPOP), is proposed, which is proved to be not easier than the computing Diffie-Hellman problem (CDHP) and not harder than discrete logarithm problem (DLP). So, if the symbol “≤” denotes the increase of the hardness of computing problem, it can be deduced that CDHP≤IBPOP≤DLP. Then, based on the hardness assumption of IBPOP, by using the bilinear pairing, a certificate-based and randomized signature scheme is proposed. Under the hardness assumption of IBPOP, the signature scheme can be proved to be secure in random oracle. On the other hand, the security of most of the known pairing-based signature schemes depends on the hardness assumption of CDHP, which is a stronger assumption than the new scheme. The new signature is an efficient pairing-based one, since there is only one operation of pairings in it.
An Improved Method for K-Means Clustering

K-Means has been paid attention to many areas recently, however, it is easy to fall into local optimum and the outliers influence the final results. This paper proposes an improved method for k-means clustering. Different from the traditional k-means algorithms, in our algorithm both intracluster compactness and intercluster separation are considered in our new presented method. A new model is established for hard cluster assignments of k-means clustering. Our new method transforms the problem of clustering to an integer programming problem and genetic algorithm is introduced to update cluster assignments iteratively. Experiment results on UCI data sets have showed the potential performance improvement of our method.
Agent-based task scheduling in shared context pervasive environment

Efficient task scheduling in shared context pervasive environment to collaborate to achieve application requirements, especially real time efficiency, becomes a major issue in recent pervasive applications. In a number of scenarios based on shared context, tasks do have dependency with each other, that we can explore their relationship to implement parallel execution maximization. In this paper, we propose an agent-based solution, called Common Parallelism Approach based on Agents (CPAA) to maximize the task execution in parallel. We further explore the task flow in pervasive applications based on data dependent relationships between tasks. We present CPAA to parallelize three kinds of task flow models based on shared context -- sequence, branch and loop, by agents.
Dual composite right/left‐handed (D‐CRLH) leaky‐wave antenna with low beam squinting and tunable group velocity

The propagation and radiation properties of dual composite right/left‐handed (D‐CRLH) transmission line metamaterials are presented, and validated experimentally with a 1D microstrip prototype. In its fast‐wave regime, this structure operates as a leaky‐wave antenna capable of backfire‐to‐endfire radiation scanning with beam squinting smaller than that of conventional CRLH (C‐CRLH) antennas. It is shown that this D‐CRLH beam squinting can be further reduced by increasing the group velocity but that this can occur, close (and possibly beyond) to luminal velocities, only at the expense of losses produced by parasitic effects, a fundamental limitation which is demonstrated via the Bloch impedance concept. (© 2007 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Investigating the associations of flow proneness with the DRD2 C957T polymorphism and attentional control

A18.24 Investigating the associations of flow proneness with the DRD2 C957T polymorphism and attentional control Máté GYURKOVICS*, Eszter KÓTYUK, Enikő Rózsa KATONAI, Erzsébet Zsófia HORVÁTH, Andrea VERECZKEI, David A. BALOTA and Anna SZÉKELY Institute of Psychology, Eötvös Loránd University, Hungary; Department of Medical Chemistry, Molecular Biology and Pathobiochemistry, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary; Department of Psychology, Washington University, St. Louis, MO, United States of America
A culture model of development reveals multiple properties of RPE tight junctions.

PURPOSE A culture model was used to examine the development of tight junctions in the retinal pigment epithelium (RPE). METHODS Chick RPE was isolated on embryonic day 7 (E7), E10 or E14 and cultured on laminin-coated filters. Barrier properties were stimulated with E14 retinal conditioned medium. Morphology was characterized by confocal microscopy. Permeability was determined by measuring the flux of horseradish peroxidase (HRP), radiolabeled inulin and mannitol, and the transepithelial electrical resistance (TER). Changes in the expression of ZO-1 and a related protein, ZO-1LP, were determined by immunoblotting. RESULTS RPE from each age formed epithelial monolayers of similar height, but the density of the cultures varied in parallel with density changes in vivo. The cultures appeared to regulate the permeability to ions and nonionic solutes independently. With embryonic age, there was a progressive decrease in permeability that first affected larger and then smaller tracers. Despite a small decrease in the permeability to mannitol, there was a large decrease in the permeability to ions. This suggests that in E14 cultures tight junctions discriminated by charge, as well as size. Although E14 retinal conditioned medium reduced the permeability to all solutes, it appeared to regulate size discrimination more than charge discrimination. Despite large effects on permeability, conditioned medium had no effect on the expression of ZO-1 or ZO-1LP. CONCLUSIONS The ability of tight junctions to discriminate on the basis of charge and size is regulated independently during development. The permeability of tight junctions cannot be predicted by the level of ZO-1 expression.
Cad and routing architecture for interposer-based multi-FPGA systems

Interposer-based multi-FPGA systems are composed of multiple FPGA dice connected through a silicon interposer. Such devices allow larger FPGA systems to be built than one monolithic die can accomodate and are now commercially available. An open question, however, is how efficient such systems are compared to a monolithic FPGA, as the number of signals passing between dice is reduced and the signal delay between dice is increased in an interposer system vs. a monolithic FPGA. We create a new version of VPR to investigate the architecture of such systems, and show that by modifying the placement cost function to minimize the number of signals that must cross between dice we can reduce routing demand by 18% and delay by 2%. We also show that the signal count between dice and the signal delay between dice are key architecture parameters for interposer-based FPGA systems. We find that if an interposer supplies (between dice) 60% of the routing capacity that the normal (within-die) FPGA routing channels supply, there is little impact on the routability of circuits. Smaller routing capacities in the interposer do impact routability however: minimum channel width increases by 20% and 50% when an interposer supplies only 40% and 30% of the within-die routing, respectively. The interposer also impacts delay, increasing circuit delay by 34% on average for a 1 ns interposer signal delay and a four-die system. Reducing the interposer delay has a greater benefit in improving circuit speed than does reducing the number of dice in the system.
An LRR/Malectin Receptor-Like Kinase Mediates Resistance to Non-adapted and Adapted Powdery Mildew Fungi in Barley and Wheat

Pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) belonging to the multigene family of receptor-like kinases (RLKs) are the sensing devices of plants for microbe- or pathogen-associated molecular patterns released from microbial organisms. Here we describe Rnr8 (for Required for non-host resistance 8) encoding HvLEMK1, a LRR-malectin domain-containing transmembrane RLK that mediates non-host resistance of barley to the non-adapted wheat powdery mildew fungus Blumeria graminis f.sp. tritici. Transgenic barley lines with silenced HvLEMK1 allow entry and colony growth of the non-adapted pathogen, although sporulation was reduced and final colony size did not reach that of the adapted barley powdery mildew fungus B. graminis f.sp. hordei. Transient expression of the barley or wheat LEMK1 genes enhanced resistance in wheat to the adapted wheat powdery mildew fungus while expression of the same genes did not protect barley from attack by the barley powdery mildew fungus. The results suggest that HvLEMK1 is a factor mediating non-host resistance in barley and quantitative host resistance in wheat to the wheat powdery mildew fungus.
Start-ups and the entrepreneurial city

Start-up technology and digital platform firms have become a much-talked about plank of urban economic development policy worldwide. The paper considers the various modes and practices of urban capitalism which sit behind these ‘disruptive’ business models, and connects it to the recent revisiting of the landmark essay by David Harvey (1989. ‘From Managerialism to Entrepreneurialism: The Transformation of Urban Governance in Late Capitalism.’ Geografiska Annaler: Series B, Human Geography 71 (1): 3–17) on urban entrepreneurialism. Attempts to rank and measure the relative strengths of start-up ‘ecosystems’ have put a new spin on inter-urban competition. Some of the best-known start-ups such as Uber and Airbnb have made direct incursions into the redrawing of markets of the collective consumption of urban services. Others may fly under the radar as they facilitate the rostering of casual labour, provide predatory payday loans, and push new on-demand consumption choices. And at the same time, digital platforms allow unprecedented opportunities for social enterprise and ‘defensive’ localist capitalism. The paper argues that urbanists must understand the diversity of start-ups and their different ways of framing the urban, and sets out a number of areas for further debate.
Novel DC-AC inverter based on buck converter

The paper proposes an original DC-AC inverter that is based on combination of buck converter with standard three-level H-bridge inverter. This inverter uses simple feed-forward control in order to obtain almost sinusoidal output currents and voltages. The first advantage of the proposed inverter over standard inverter topologies is simple structure with less components such as switches, capacitors and DC sources. The second advantage is simple control there is no need in capacitors' voltage balancing or closed loop control. The third advantage is almost sinosoidal output voltages and currents with very low Total Harmonic Distortion Factor (THD). This inverter can be used in low power applications and also in high power applications instead of complicated multilevel inverters. The proposed inverter was analyzed by extensive simulation results. Several aspects as THD of the inverter output currents, and voltages, harmonic content, frequency spectrum distribution are studied. Moreover, the proposed inverter was experimentally tested. The simulation and experimental results were compared and they verify the proper operation of the proposed inverter.
Emulation of SDN-supported automation networks

Software-defined networking (SDN) is a principle for the flexible configuration of networks, which recently has aroused an increasing interest of researchers and companies. Today, the operation and configuration of networks as well as their adaptation to changing requirements represent a major challenge if legacy network management protocols are used due to their inability to provide network-wide configuration. Compatibility issues with legacy protocols or even proprietary protocols have further contributed to hardly reconfigurable and inefficient networks and thus prepare the way for the new concept called SDN. SDN implementations are mainly in the data center today. Implementations will find their way into broader networking applications over the next few years. However, even automation networks with highest QoS requirements can benefit from SDN support by achieving significantly more devices that meet these requirements. Therefore, this paper addresses the emulation of SDN-supported automation networks to examine possible design options. Limitations and possibilities when using the popular and widely accepted SDN emulator Mininet are analyzed.
Design and evaluation of learning algorithms for dynamic resource management in virtual networks

Network virtualisation is considerably gaining attention as a solution to ossification of the Internet. However, the success of network virtualisation will depend in part on how efficiently the virtual networks utilise substrate network resources. In this paper, we propose a machine learning-based approach to virtual network resource management. We propose to model the substrate network as a decentralised system and introduce a learning algorithm in each substrate node and substrate link, providing self-organization capabilities. We propose a multiagent learning algorithm that carries out the substrate network resource management in a coordinated and decentralised way. The task of these agents is to use evaluative feedback to learn an optimal policy so as to dynamically allocate network resources to virtual nodes and links. The agents ensure that while the virtual networks have the resources they need at any given time, only the required resources are reserved for this purpose. Simulations show that our dynamic approach significantly improves the virtual network acceptance ratio and the maximum number of accepted virtual network requests at any time while ensuring that virtual network quality of service requirements such as packet drop rate and virtual link delay are not affected.
On the Stability of the Cournot Equilibrium under Competing Learning Rules Cars

We construct an evolutionary version of Theochars (1960)s seminal work on the stability of equilibrium in multi-player quantity-setting oligopolies. Two sets of behavioral heuristics are investigated under xed and endogenously evolving fractions: (myopic) Cournot rms vs. Nash rms and Cournot rms vs. rational rms. The analysis with evolutionary competition between these heuristics nests the famous Theocharis instability threshold, n = 3, as a special case and shows that Theocharisresult is quite robust. For evolutionary competition between the Cournot and the rational heuristic, both the existence and the magnitude of this threshold depend on the information costs associated with the rational heuristic. When information costs are positive a bifurcation route to chaos occurs as the number of rms increases. The evolutionary model therefore exhibits perpetual but bounded uctuations, a feature not present in Theocharisoriginal model. Amsterdam School of Economics and CeNDEF, University of Amsterdam and Tinbergen Institute, Valckenierstraat 65-67, 1018 XE Amsterdam, The Netherlands, C.H. Hommes@uva.nl yCenter for the Study of Rationality, Hebrew University, Jerusalem, Israel, marius.ochea@mail.huji. ac.il zAmsterdam School of Economics and CeNDEF, University of Amsterdam and Tinbergen Institute, Valckenierstraat 65-67, 1018 XE Amsterdam, The Netherlands, J.Tuinstra@uva.nl
Bone morphogenetic protein 4 enhances canonical transient receptor potential expression , store-operated Ca 2 entry , and basal [ Ca 2 ] i in rat distal pulmonary arterial smooth muscle cells

Lu W, Ran P, Zhang D, Lai N, Zhong N, Wang J. Bone morphogenetic protein 4 enhances canonical transient receptor potential expression, store-operated Ca entry, and basal [Ca ]i in rat distal pulmonary arterial smooth muscle cells. Am J Physiol Cell Physiol 299: C1370–C1378, 2010. First published September 15, 2010; doi:10.1152/ajpcell.00040. 2010. —Recent advances have identified an important role of bone morphogenetic protein 4 (BMP4) in pulmonary vascular remodeling, yet the underlying mechanisms remain largely unexplored. We have previously found that Ca influx through store-operated calcium channels (SOCC), which are mainly thought to be composed of canonical transient receptor potential (TRPC) proteins, likely contribute to the pathogenic development of chronic hypoxic pulmonary hypertension. In this study, we investigated the effect of BMP4 on expression of TRPC and store-operated Ca entry (SOCE) in pulmonary arterial smooth muscle cells (PASMCs). Real-time quantitative PCR and Western blotting revealed that treatment with BMP4 (50 ng/ml, 60 h) increased TRPC1, TRPC4, and TRPC6 mRNA and protein expression in growth-arrested rat distal PASMCs. Moreover, in comparison to vehicle control, cells treated with BMP4 also exhibited enhanced SOCE, and elevated basal intracellular calcium concentration ([Ca ]i) as determined by fluorescent microscopy using the Ca indicator Fura-2 AM. Perfusing cells with Ca -free Krebs-Ringer bicarbonate solution (KRBS) or KRBS containing SOCC antagonists SKF-96365 or NiCl2 attenuated the increases in basal [Ca ]i caused by BMP4. Specific knockdown of BMP4 by small interference RNA significantly decreased the mRNA and protein expression of TRPC1, TRPC4, and TRPC6 and reduced SOCE and basal [Ca ]i in serum-stimulated PASMCs. We conclude that BMP4 regulates calcium signaling in PASMCs likely via upregulation of TRPC expression, leading to enhanced SOCE and basal [Ca ]i in PASMCs, and by this mechanism contributes to pulmonary vascular remodeling during pulmonary arterial hypertension.