Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
From simulation studies to experimental tests in a reactive dividing wall distillation column

The design and control of thermally coupled distillation sequences have been studied since many years, but the real implementation occurred until middle of the 1980s using a single shell divided by a wall named dividing wall distillation column. In this work, experimental results for the production of ethyl acetate in a reactive dividing wall distillation column are presented for first time. The experimental results are in agreement with those obtained using steady state simulations with AspenONE Aspen plus. These experimental results are important since it is possible to validate most of the previous results generated using simulations. © 2011 The Institution of Chemical Engineers. Published by Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
Label Hierarchy Transition: Delving into Class Hierarchies to Enhance Deep Classifiers

Hierarchical classification aims to sort the object into a hierarchical structure of categories. For example, a bird can be categorized according to a three-level hierarchy of order, family, and species. Existing methods commonly address hierarchical classification by decoupling it into a series of multi-class classification tasks. However, such a multi-task learning strategy fails to fully exploit the correlation among various categories across different levels of the hierarchy. In this paper, we propose Label Hierarchy Transition (LHT), a unified probabilistic framework based on deep learning, to address the challenges of hierarchical classification. The LHT framework consists of a transition network and a confusion loss. The transition network focuses on explicitly learning the label hierarchy transition matrices, which has the potential to effectively encode the underlying correlations embedded within class hierarchies. The confusion loss encourages the classification network to learn correlations across different label hierarchies during training. The proposed framework can be readily adapted to any existing deep network with only minor modifications. We experiment with a series of public benchmark datasets for hierarchical classification problems, and the results demonstrate the superiority of our approach beyond current state-of-the-art methods. Furthermore, we extend our proposed LHT framework to the skin lesion diagnosis task and validate its great potential in computer-aided diagnosis. The code of our method is available at \href{https://github.com/renzhenwang/label-hierarchy-transition}{https://github.com/renzhenwang/label-hierarchy-transition}.
Spatial distribution and temporal variation of nitrate nitrogen and oxygen isotopes in the upper equatorial Pacific Ocean

Equatorial Pacific nitrate 15N/14N and 18O/16O (δ15N and δ18O) measurements from repeat station occupations are used to: (1) identify the source of surface waters, (2) estimate the nitrate assimilation isotope effect, (3) characterize the temporal relationship between the supply and consumption of nitrate in surface waters, and (4) quantify the degree of nitrate consumption in nitrate‐bearing surface waters. Surface nitrate assimilation was consistent with consumption of a closed nitrate pool at 63–80% of stations. Those stations yielded nitrate assimilation isotope effects of 6.0‰ ± 0.4‰ for N and 5.9‰ ± 0.6‰ for O, with an N:O isotope effect ratio of 1.0 ± 0.1, consistent with nitrate consumption being the dominant biogeochemical flux in the euphotic zone. The euphotic zone data point to the local Equatorial Under Current as the dominant source of surface nitrate along the equator, although surface waters at 110°W and ≥5° south of the equator show signs of surface nitrate input from further east. The collected findings suggest that nitrate delivery along the equatorial Pacific is dominated by Ekman upwelling rather than surface advection or vertical or lateral mixing. Surface nitrate δ15N and δ18O are correlated with seasonality and El Niño‐Southern Oscillation, with the implied degree of surface ocean nitrate consumption decreasing with increased upwelling strength. Incomplete consumption of surface nitrate near the equator lowers the δ15N of subsurface equatorial “thermostad” nitrate through the remineralization of low δ15N sinking organic matter while the continued consumption of the residual surface nitrate transported away from the equator raises the nitrate δ15N in off‐equatorial subsurface waters.
3D NURBS‐enhanced finite element method (NEFEM)

This paper presents the extension of the recently proposed NURBS‐enhanced finite element method (NEFEM) to 3D domains. NEFEM is able to exactly represent the geometry of the computational domain by means of its CAD boundary representation with non‐uniform rational B‐splines (NURBS) surfaces. Specific strategies for interpolation and numerical integration are presented for those elements affected by the NURBS boundary representation. For elements not intersecting the boundary, a standard finite element rationale is used, preserving the efficiency of the classical FEM. In 3D NEFEM special attention must be paid to geometric issues that are easily treated in the 2D implementation. Several numerical examples show the performance and benefits of NEFEM compared with standard isoparametric or cartesian finite elements. NEFEM is a powerful strategy to efficiently treat curved boundaries and it avoids excessive mesh refinement to capture small geometric features. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Retina Mechanistic Evaluation of Panretinal Photocoagulation Versus Aflibercept in Proliferative Diabetic Retinopathy : CLARITY Substudy

Luke Nicholson, Roxanne Crosby-Nwaobi, Joana C. Vasconcelos, A. Toby Prevost, Jayashree Ramu, Amy Riddell, James W. Bainbridge, Philip G. Hykin, and Sobha Sivaprasad National Institute for Health Research Moorfields Biomedical Research Centre, Moorfields Eye Hospital and University College London Institute of Ophthalmology, London, United Kingdom Imperial Clinical Trials Unit, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom King’s Clinical Trials Unit at King’s Health Partners, King’s College London, London, United Kingdom
Proceedings of the Workshop on Automatic Summarization for Different Genres, Media, and Languages

Welcome to the ACL Workshop on Automatic Summarization for Different Genres, Media, and Languages! Our motivation for organizing this workshop has been the need many researchers in the field have seen, to come together to discuss various new issues that the field is facing as more and more summarization work is being conducted for domains beyond newswire and broadcast news. Extractive summarization of newswire text has dominated summarization research for over a decade. Large corpora of machine- and human-authored summaries have been collected and evaluation has been standardized to a large extent. As work on different genres, media and languages, such as voice mail, email, meetings, broadcast conversations, lectures, chat, blogs and scientific articles becomes more prominent, the need to precisely define tasks, to provide corpora to support comparison between approaches, and to identify desirable evaluation metrics is becoming increasingly urgent. We hope that this workshop will provide a valuable opportunity for all participants to present their work and to engage in discussion about the issues and problems they face, and how we can best support the changing nature of the field. We have an exciting mix of papers. Some introduce novel summarization tasks: abstractive summarization of line graphs from popular media, summarization of Wikipedia articles with increasing popularity, summarization of chat for the military. Others present new approaches to summarization tasks that have been gaining popularity in recent years, such as summarization of spoken meetings and scientific articles. We are fortunate to have a paper from the organizers of the Text Analysis Conferences (TAC). This paper presents an in-depth analysis of the newest task adopted for the evaluation that, while still based on news, promotes the use of abstractive approaches and makes it possible to track the types of information people consider important and summary-worthy. Finally, we have a reminder that continuity in research focus truly helps to understand a domain and sharpen our understanding of prior approaches to the task; we will hear about some significant improvements in the topic model approach that has proven to be so successful for multi-document summarization of news.
Comparison between Venetian and Western Carpathian Late Eocene bryozoan faunas.

From a critical examination of the previous papers about the Upper Eocene bryozoan faunas of NE Italy (Venetia region) and Western Carpathian Mountains (Slovakia and Hungary) it appears that there are 148 valid species (97 Cheilostomata and 50 Cyclostomata). The remarkable lithological and faunistocal affinities of the two sedimentary basins are compared and emphasized, especially with regard to the bryozoan associations. The paleogeography and relationships of these Tethyan areas are briefly examined.
Alpha-effect in three-dimensional coherent vortex of conducting rotating liquid

We study one-point statistics of spiral turbulent pulsations on the background of three-dimensional large-scale vortex in a rotating fluid. Assuming that the helical flow is created by a statistically axially symmetric random force with broken mirror symmetry, we analytically calculate velocity-vorticity mean including its magnitude and the anisotropy. For electrically conducting liquid, we examine the $\alpha$-effect in the system. The found elements of $\alpha$-matrix strongly depend on relation between Rossby $\mathrm{Ro}$ and magnetic Prandtl $\mathrm{Pr}_{\mathrm{m}}$ numbers in considered region $\mathrm{Ro}\lesssim 1$, $\mathrm{Pr}_{\mathrm{m}} \lesssim 1$. We establish criterion for the numbers when the $\alpha$-effect leads to instability of large-scale magnetic field
UvA-DARE (

: Active landslides have three major effects on landscapes: (1) land cover change, (2) topographical change, and (3) above ground biomass change. Data derived from multi-temporal Light Detection and Ranging technology (LiDAR) are used in combination with multi-temporal orthophotos to quantify these changes between 2006 and 2012, caused by an active deep-seated landslide near the village of Doren in Austria. Land-cover is classiﬁed by applying membership-based classiﬁcation and contextual improvements based on the synergy of orthophotos and LiDAR-based elevation data. Topographical change is calculated by differencing of LiDAR derived digital terrain models. The above ground biomass is quantiﬁed by applying a local-maximum algorithm for tree top detection, in combination with allometric equations. The land cover classiﬁcation accuracies were improved from 65% (using only LiDAR) and 76% (using only orthophotos) to 90% (using data synergy) for 2006. A similar increase from respectively 64% and 75% to 91% was established for 2012. The increased accuracies demonstrate the effectiveness of using data synergy of LiDAR and orthophotos using object-based image analysis to quantify landscape changes, caused by an active landslide. The method has great potential to be transferred to larger areas for use in landscape change analyses.
Multiobjective autocalibration for semidistributed water quality models

ESWAT is a simulator that integrates catchment and river water quantity and quality processes. The integration leads to a high number of model parameters, which complicates model calibration. As the model is semidistributed, the water quality and quantity variables at different observation sites inside the catchment can, and should, be used during this process, in order to use all the available information. A simultaneous use of all the different observed series and a high number of free parameters, however, creates a complex mathematical problem. Existing methods such as Pareto‐optimization are practically very difficult, if not impossible, to implement. We present therefore a new methodology that reduces the many objective functions to a single global criterion in an objective way, excluding the weighting problem. The global criterion then is minimized using a global search algorithm, i.e., the shuffled complex evolution method. The methodology is applied on the Dender River basin (Belgium), a heavily modified river basin with irregular flows.
Multiibjective optimization : an inertial dynamical approach to Pareto optima

We present some first results concerning a gradient-based dynamic approach to multi-objective optimization problems, involving inertial effects. We prove the existence of global solution trajectories for this second-order differential equation, and their convergence to weak Pareto points in the convex case. It is a first step towards the design of fast numerical methods for multi-objective optimization.
Characteristics of soil seed bank and its relationship with aboveground vegetation in Lake Dongting

The size,composition,vertical distribution and species diversity of seed bank as well as its relationship with aboveground vegetation were studied in three dominant plant communities(Miscanthus sacchariflorus,Carex sp.,and Phalaris arundinacea) distributing with different water levels in Lake Dongting.The density of seed bank was highest in M.sacchariflorus(44656 seeds/m2),followed by P.arundinacea(31725 seeds/m2) and lowest in Carex sp. (15146 seeds/m2). Seeds in the seed bank distributed mainly within 0～5cm soil layer and decreased rapidly along with the soil depth.The seed banks of the three communities were composed of 53 species belonging to 18 families,39 genera.Among them,20 species were perennial while 33 were annual or biannual.The proportions of perennial species were 29.9%,35.2% and 38.0% in the soil seed bank of M.sacchariflorus,C.sp. and P.arundinacea communities,respectively.The diversity indexes of seed bank and aboveground vegetation were 0.76 and 0.53 in M.sacchariflorus,0.70 and 0.17 in C.sp. ,0.72 and 0.45 in P.arundinacea,respectively.The similarity indexes between seed bank and aboveground vegetation were 0.28 in C.sp. ,0.40 in M.sacchariflorus and 0.52 in P.arundinacea,respectively.The diversity index of seed bank was higher than that of aboveground vegetation and the similarity was relatively low.Therefore,perennial aboveground vegetation has limited contribution to the soil seed bank in large Yangtze-connected lake wetlands,where seeds might be mainly imported into seed bank through other pathways,such as water flow.
Performance targets from supervisors’ and employees perspectives

In almost all organizations, supervisors set performance targets and budgets for their employees. This research shows that supervisors who have worked on the employees’ task themselves before, overemphasize their own experiences and tend to discount other relevant information. Furthermore, it was shown that by increasing targets based on past performance, supervisors can make sure that employees invest more in future productivity improvements. Finally, when employees are responsible for different tasks such as short-term production and also creative tasks, performance targets around the routine task can provide the necessary cognitive closure to achieve a free-mind and hence use the available time for creative work most efficiently. Thus, by setting performance targets on short-term output tasks companies can increase the efficacy of the growing practice to allow certain amount of time for creative work.
Phenotypic association analyses with copy number variation in recurrent depressive disorder

Citation for published version (Harvard): Rucker, JJH, Tansey, KE, Rivera, M, Pinto, D, Cohen-woods, S, Uher, R, Aitchison, KJ, Craddock, N, Owen, MJ, Jones, L, Jones, I, Korszun, A, Barnes, MR, Preisig, M, Mors, O, Maier, W, Rice, J, Rietschel, M, Holsboer, F, Farmer, AE, Craig, IW, Scherer, SW, Mcguffin, P & Breen, G 2015, 'Phenotypic association analyses with copy number variation in recurrent depressive disorder' Biological Psychiatry. DOI: 10.1016/j.biopsych. 2015.02. 025
Replacing Missing Values in the Standard MISR Radiometric Camera-by-Camera Cloud Mask (RCCM) Data Product

Abstract. The Multi-angle Imaging SpectroRadiometer (MISR) is one of the five instruments hosted on-board the NASA Terra platform, launched on 18 December 1999. This instrument has been operational since 24 February 2000 and is still acquiring Earth Observation data as of this writing. The primary missions of MISR are to document the state and properties of the atmosphere, and in particular the clouds and aerosols it contains, as well as the planetary surface, on the basis of 36 data channels gathered by each of its nine cameras (pointing in different directions along the orbital track) in four spectral bands (blue, green, red and near-infrared). The Radiometric Camera-by-Camera Cloud Mask (RCCM) is derived from the calibrated measurements at the nominal top of the atmosphere, and is provided separately for each of the nine cameras. This RCCM data product is permanently archived at the NASA Atmospheric Science Data Center (ASDC) in Langley, VA, USA and is openly accessible (Diner et al., 1999 and https://doi.org/10.5067/Terra/MISR/MIRCCM_L2.004). For various technical reasons described in this paper, this RCCM product exhibits missing data, even though an estimate of the clear or cloudy status of the environment at each individual observed location can be deduced from the available measurements. The aims of this paper are (1) to describe how to replace most missing values by estimates and (2) to briefly describe the software to process MISR RCCM data products, which is openly available to the community from the GitHub web site (https://github.com/mmverstraete or https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3240018). Limited amounts of updated MISR RCCM data products are also archived in South Africa and can be made available upon request.
The hybrid process that combines traditional requirements and use cases

For many years systems engineers have produced traditional system requirements specifications containing shall-statement requirements. The rapid adoption of use case modeling for capturing functional requirements in the software community has caused systems engineers to examine the utility of use case models for capturing system-level functional requirements. A transition from traditional shall-statement requirements to use case modeling has raised some issues and questions. This paper advocates a hybrid requirements process in which use case modeling and traditional shall-statement requirements are applied together to effectively express both functional and nonfunctional requirements for complex, hierarchical systems. This paper also presents a practical method for extracting requirements from the use case text to produce a robust requirements specification. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Syst Eng 7: 303–319, 2004
ISO/IEC JTC 1/SC 2/WG 2

PROPOSAL SUMMARY FORM TO ACCOMPANY SUBMISSIONS FOR ADDITIONS TO THE REPERTOIRE OF ISO/IEC 10646TP1PT Please fill all the sections A, B and C below. Please read Principles and Procedures Document (P & P) from HTU http://www.dkuug. dk/JTC1/SC2/WG2/docs/principles.html UTH for guidelines and details before filling this form. Please ensure you are using the latest Form from HTU http://www.dkuug. dk/JTC1/SC2/WG2/docs/summaryform.html UTH. See also HTU http://www.dkuug. dk/JTC1/SC2/WG2/docs/roadmaps.html UTH for latest Roadmaps. A. Administrative 1. Title: Proposal to add old Cyrillic titlo-letters to the UCS 2. Requester's name: On behalf of the Slavonic Typography Community: Alexey Kryukov <anagnost@yandex.ru>, Vladislav Dorosh <irmologion@narod.ru> 3. Requester type (Member body/Liaison/Individual contribution): Individual contribution 4. Submission date: 01/30/2006 5. Requester's reference (if applicable): 6. Choose one of the following: This is a complete proposal: YES (or) More information will be provided later: B. Technical – General 1. Choose one of the following: a. This proposal is for a new script (set of characters): Proposed name of script: b. The proposal is for addition of character(s) to an existing block: YES Name of the existing block: Combining marks for Cyrillic U+2DE0–U+2DF5 2. Number of characters in proposal: 22 3. Proposed category (select one from below see section 2.2 of P&P document): A-Contemporary B.1-Specialized (small collection) Yes B.2-Specialized (large collection) C-Major extinct D-Attested extinct E-Minor extinct F-Archaic Hieroglyphic or Ideographic G-Obscure or questionable usage symbols 4. Proposed Level of Implementation (1, 2 or 3) (see Annex K in P&P document): 3 Is a rationale provided for the choice? YES If Yes, reference: Combining characters 5. Is a repertoire including character names provided? YES a. If YES, are the names in accordance with the “character naming guidelines” in Annex L of P&P document? YES b. Are the character shapes attached in a legible form suitable for review? YES 6. Who will provide the appropriate computerized font (ordered preference: True Type, or PostScript format) for publishing the standard? Slavonic Typography Community (http://fonts.improvement.ru) If available now, identify source(s) for the font (include address, e-mail, ftp-site, etc.) and indicate the tools used: http://irmologion.ru/unicode/ocsup.zip 7. References: a. Are references (to other character sets, dictionaries, descriptive texts etc.) provided? YES b. Are published examples of use (such as samples from newspapers, magazines, or other sources) of proposed characters attached? YES 8. Special encoding issues: Does the proposal address other aspects of character data processing (if applicable) such as input, presentation, sorting, searching, indexing, transliteration etc. (if yes please enclose information)? YES
Transcending the Attention Paradigm: Representation Learning from Geospatial Social Media Data

While transformers have pioneered attention-driven architectures as a cornerstone of language modeling, their dependence on explicitly contextual information underscores limitations in their abilities to tacitly learn overarching textual themes. This study challenges the heuristic paradigm of performance benchmarking by investigating social media data as a source of distributed patterns. In stark contrast to networks that rely on capturing complex long-term dependencies, models of online data inherently lack structure and are forced to detect latent structures in the aggregate. To properly represent these abstract relationships, this research dissects empirical social media corpora into their elemental components, analyzing over two billion tweets across population-dense locations. We create Bag-of-Word embedding specific to each city and compare their respective representations. This finds that even amidst noisy data, geographic location has a considerable influence on online communication, and that hidden insights can be uncovered without the crutch of advanced algorithms. This evidence presents valuable geospatial implications in social science and challenges the notion that intricate models are prerequisites for pattern recognition in natural language. This aligns with the evolving landscape that questions the embrace of absolute interpretability over abstract understanding and bridges the divide between sophisticated frameworks and intangible relationships.