Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Semantics for Possibilistic Disjunctive Programs*

Abstract In this paper, a possibilistic disjunctive logic programming approach for modeling uncertain, incomplete, and inconsistent information is defined. This approach introduces the use of possibilistic disjunctive clauses, which are able to capture incomplete information and states of a knowledge base at the same time. By considering a possibilistic logic program as a possibilistic logic theory, a construction of a possibilistic logic programming semantic based on answer sets and the proof theory of possibilistic logic is defined. It shows that this possibilistic semantics for disjunctive logic programs can be characterized by a fixed-point operator. It is also shown that the suggested possibilistic semantics can be computed by a resolution algorithm and the consideration of optimal refutations from a possibilistic logic theory. In order to manage inconsistent possibilistic logic programs, a preference criterion between inconsistent possibilistic models is defined. In addition, the approach of cuts for restoring consistency of an inconsistent possibilistic knowledge base is adopted. The approach is illustrated in a medical scenario.
Intracellular and plasma pharmacokinetics of efavirenz in HIV-infected individuals.

OBJECTIVES The site of action of efavirenz is inside HIV-infected cells. Measurement of intracellular (IC) concentrations of efavirenz may therefore provide further understanding of therapeutic failure, especially where virological rebound occurs despite adequate plasma levels, and a lack of detectable viral resistance. Here, we determined IC and plasma pharmacokinetics of efavirenz and their relationship with plasma protein binding and P-glycoprotein (P-gp, an active drug efflux transporter) expression. PATIENTS AND METHODS Venous blood samples from 10 HIV-infected patients receiving efavirenz (600 mg once a day plus two nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors) were collected over the 24 h dosing interval. Plasma and peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) were isolated. Plasma protein bound and unbound efavirenz were separated using ultrafiltration. IC (or cell-associated), total plasma and unbound plasma efavirenz levels were quantified using HPLC-UV. P-gp expression was measured by flow cytometry. Area under the concentration-time curves (AUC0-24) were then calculated using non-compartmental analyses and the IC accumulation expressed as a ratio of IC to plasma AUC0-24. RESULTS The median (range) % unbound and IC accumulation ratio was 0.6% (0.4-1.5%) and 1.3 (0.7-3.3), respectively. There was a linear relationship between IC and total AUC0-24 (r2= 0.59, P = 0.01) but not unbound AUC0-24 (r2= 0.13, P = 0.75). An inverse correlation between IC AUC0-24 and % unbound was observed (r2= 41, P = 0.05). There was no relationship between IC AUC0-24 and P-gp expression on the cell surface (r2< 0.01, P = 0.98). CONCLUSIONS There was a direct relationship between % bound efavirenz in plasma and IC accumulation implying that the IC accumulation of efavirenz is related to binding to IC proteins or other cellular constituents. Studies investigating the unbound concentration of antiretrovirals inside the cell are now required.
Small Antisense RNA RblR Positively Regulates RuBisCo in Synechocystis sp. PCC 6803

Small regulatory RNAs (sRNAs) function as transcriptional and post-transcriptional regulators of gene expression in organisms from all domains of life. Cyanobacteria are thought to have developed a complex RNA-based regulatory mechanism. In the current study, by genome-wide analysis of differentially expressed small RNAs in Synechocystis sp. PCC 6803 under high light conditions, we discovered an asRNA (RblR) that is 113nt in length and completely complementary to its target gene rbcL, which encodes the large chain of RuBisCO, the enzyme that catalyzes carbon fixation. Further analysis of the RblR(+)/(−) mutants revealed that RblR acts as a positive regulator of rbcL under various stress conditions; Suppressing RblR adversely affects carbon assimilation and thus the yield, and those phenotypes of both the wild type and the overexpressor could be downgraded to the suppressor level by carbonate depletion, indicated a regulatory role of RblR in CO2 assimilation. In addition, a real-time expression platform in Escherichia coli was setup and which confirmed that RblR promoted the translation of the rbcL mRNA into the RbcL protein. The present study is the first report of a regulatory RNA that targets RbcL in Synechocystis sp. PCC 6803, and provides strong evidence that RblR regulates photosynthesis by positively modulating rbcL expression in Synechocystis.
Hyperspectral Image Segmentation with Discriminative Class Learning

This paper presents a Bayesian approach to hyperspectral image segmentation that boosts the performance of th e discriminative classifiers. This is achieved by combining class densities based on discriminative classifiers with a Multi-Level Logistic Markov-Gibs prior. This density favors neighboring labels of the same class. The adopted discriminative classifier is the Fast Sparse Multinomial Regression. The discrete optimization problem one is led to is solved efficiently via graph cut tools. The effectiveness of the proposed method is evaluated, with simulate d and real hyperspectral images, in two directions: 1) to improve the classification/segmentation performance and 2) to decrease the size of the training sets.
Verifying Architecture

As processors get smaller and faster, they become to more vulnerable to transient errors. Minor imperfections in a chip, cosmic rays, or similar phenomenon can cause transistors to occasionally produce wrong results. This does not mean that we cannot use advanced processors because we are afraid of those errors. We can detect those transient errors more stable processors and execute instructions again if an error occurs. If the probability of errors are very low, the overhead of additional verifying processors won't be high. DIVA[1] showed that the idea is feasible. DIVA has a second, slower processor which verifies the output of each individual instruction. We used the idea that we can verify groups of instructions. It is implemented as a dual-processor system with SimpleScalar[2]. A proper system could produce executable programs with no intervention of an operator. Currently, multiple compiler passes and human intervention is required. Our implementation works on a small scale. We believe that the verifying architecture can be applied to a real system with modifications.
ARTS: Adaptive Rule Triggers on Sensors for Energy Conservation in Applications using Coarse-Granularity Data

Communicating extensive in-network data generated by resource-constrained wireless sensor nodes is an energy consuming process. To minimise the amount of data exchanged in sensor networks, several researchers have proposed novel and efficient protocols to perform data aggregations, clustering or regression on sensor nodes. Most of these approaches focus on optimising conventional mining techniques to work on resource-constrained sensor nodes. However, the application of association rules for sensor networks is an area of study that has not been investigated. This is due to the high computational cost of obtaining meaningful rules. Thus, in this paper, we propose adaptive rule triggers on sensors ARTS, to extract highly correlated rules from sensor data and apply them. The learnt rules are used to extend sensor lifetime by controlling sensor operations using triggers. Our approach is optimised to run on non-critical sensing applications/data-aggregation applications that can tolerate a coarse-granularity for sensed data. For this category of applications, our approach can derive meaningful rules efficiently to further conserve energy of wireless sensors. In this paper, these energy savings are evidenced in our experiments that adapt ARTS to a state-of-the-art clustering protocol.
Common metabolic constraints on dive duration in endothermic and ectothermic vertebrates

Dive duration in air-breathing vertebrates is thought to be constrained by the volume of oxygen stored in the body and the rate at which it is consumed (i.e., “oxygen store/usage hypothesis”). The body mass-dependence of dive duration among endothermic vertebrates is largely supportive of this model, but previous analyses of ectothermic vertebrates show no such body mass-dependence. Here we show that dive duration in both endotherms and ectotherms largely support the oxygen store/usage hypothesis after accounting for the well-established effects of temperature on oxygen consumption rates. Analyses of the body mass and temperature dependence of dive duration in 181 species of endothermic vertebrates and 29 species of ectothermic vertebrates show that dive duration increases as a power law with body mass, and decreases exponentially with increasing temperature. Thus, in the case of ectothermic vertebrates, changes in environmental temperature will likely impact the foraging ecology of divers.
Rapid slip‐deficit rates at the eastern margin of the Tibetan Plateau prior to the 2008 Mw 7.9 Wenchuan earthquake

The Longmen Shan is the steepest topographic front at the India‐Asia collision zone and the site of the Mw 7.9 Wenchuan earthquake. Here to explain the interseismic GPS velocities across the greater Longmen Shan region, we develop a boundary element model including earthquake cycle effects, topography, the westward dipping Beichuan Fault and a ∼20 km deep, shallowly dipping, detachment, inferred from observed afterslip and from structural considerations. Previous analyses which neglected the detachment and earthquake cycle effects have found shortening rates near zero. In contrast, we find that interseismic GPS data are consistent with a shortening rate of 5.7±1.5mm/yr and maximum surface slip‐deficit rate of 9.5±2.5mm/yr. This model unifies the interpretation of geodetic deformation throughout the earthquake cycle and suggests that the Longmen Shan is an active fold‐and‐thrust belt with of Wenchuan‐like recurrence intervals as short as 600 years.
Feature Level Fusion of Speech and Face Image Based Person Identification System

Person identification system that used multiple biometric can improve performance than using a single biometric. This paper presents feature level fusion of dual tree complex wavelet transform speech and face image features for person identification system. Results of experiments using a VidTIMIT database presented to show the identification rate of multibiometric system more improved compared with single biometric system.
Towards a Design Methodology for Multiprocessor Platforms

We discuss a design methodology for SegBus, a multicore segmented bus platform. The methodology supports the modeling of the platform at several abstraction levels, enabling the designer to focus only on the relevant aspects of the architecture at a given development stage. We employ the unified modeling language (UML) as a specification language for the SegBus platform and we customize its elements to serve our specific purposes via the profiling mechanism. The approach enables us to take advantage of graphical models of the platform and of automated refinements of these models towards implementation.
Weak Lensing by Large-Scale Structure: A Dark Matter Halo Approach

Weak gravitational lensing observations probe the spectrum and evolution of density fluctuations and the cosmological parameters that govern them, but they are currently limited to small fields and subject to selection biases. We show how the expected signal from large-scale structure arises from the contributions from and correlations between individual halos. We determine the convergence power spectrum as a function of the maximum halo mass and so provide the means to interpret results from surveys that lack high-mass halos either through selection criteria or small fields. Since shot noise from rare massive halos is mainly responsible for the sample variance below 10', our method should aid our ability to extract cosmological information from small fields.
Effects of Laser Peripheral Iridotomy in Subgroups of Primary Angle Closure Based on Iris Insertion

Purpose. To investigate the effect of laser peripheral iridotomy (LPI) in subgroups of primary angle closure based on iris insertion configuration. Methods. Anterior segment optical coherence tomography (AS-OCT) images were obtained before and two weeks after LPI. Qualitative classification of angle closure eyes according to iris insertion (basal insertion group (BG) and nonbasal insertion group (NBG)) was performed. Anterior chamber depth (ACD), lens vault (LV), iris curvature, iris area, iris thickness (IT750), and angle opening distance (AOD750) 750 microns from scleral spur were calculated. Uni- and multivariate regression analysis was carried out to evaluate factors associated with AOD750 before and after LPI. Results. Ninety-two eyes of 92 subjects were categorized as NBG (39 eyes) or BG (53 eyes). The mean change after LPI was not significantly different between two groups in all parameters. In both groups, AOD750 was affected by ACD (p < 0.001, p = 0.044) before LPI. AOD750 was affected by LV (p = 0.012) in NBG, but by ACD (p < 0.001) and IT750 (p = 0.039) in BG after LPI. Conclusions. The outcomes of LPI are not significantly different between angle closure subgroups with different iris insertions. However, factors affecting AOD750 show differences between two subgroups after LPI.
Interference suppression with minimal signal distortion

We propose a two-stage adaptive filtering process for canceling narrowband interference from a wideband signal process, based on a reference signal consisting of a Doppler shifted version of the interference. The first stage uses the time-varying behavior of NLMS with large step-size to produce an estimate of the interference signal, in which the Doppler shift is mitigated. The second stage uses NLMS with small step-size, as an approximation to the Wiener filter, in order to modify amplitude and phase of the Doppler-mitigated reference signal so that an estimate of the interference signal is produced suitable for interference cancellation. Simulations with a wideband QPSK signal corrupted by strong sinusoidal interference, for which a Doppler shifted reference is available, show the performance of the proposed approach in terms of signal-to-interference ratio and bit-error rate improvement.
Information Security Culture Critical Success Factors

The purpose of this paper is to examine information security culture critical success factors. The current existing literature analyses have not clearly identified factors that have significant influence on information security culture adoption. This paper has examined current influential factors that could have influence information security culture creation within the organization setting. We found information security culture critical success factors to be: top management support for information security, establishing an effective information security policy, information security awareness, information security training and education, information security risk analysis and assessment, information security compliance, ethical conduct policies, and organization culture. This paper contributes to the existing knowledge by proving top critical factors that are necessary for information security culture creation in order to assist managing information security successfully.
Investigation of muscle fatigue using temporal and spectral moments

When a muscle cannot maintain the sustained contraction against a certain force level, this situation points out the onset of muscle fatigue. In many bio-mechanical studies, it is pursued to determine the fatigue by using electromyography signals, but none of them is capable of characterizing the fatigue in a quantitative manner. The need for determination of a fatigue index from the point of view of quantitative evaluation is derived from the use in physiotherapy exercises. In this study, EMG signals are recorded from biceps and triceps muscles during isometric contraction from 12 healthy subjects. Then, median frequency, and temporal and spectral moments, which are characterizing features of EMG signals are calculated. It is concluded that using higher order temporal and spectral moments for determining the muscle fatigue improves the performance compared to using only change in the median frequency.
COMPOSTED ALMOND WASTE BLENDED WITH COMMERCIAL FERTILIZERS FEASIBILITY

Composting is becoming more and more pressured into today's agricultural industry. With this comes a business idea that has the potential to be economically viable. This business consists of taking the waste produced from almond hullers in the Central Valley, which consists of foliage, dirt, and twigs, composting it, mixing it with some sort of synthetic fertilizer to create a blend, and selling the product to farmers in the area. The problem is that agriculturalists don't know for sure if it can be profitable. This study takes a closer look at the costs and revenues associated with such a business to determine whether it is economically viable. The tools used to gauge whether or not a business of such kind would work are, the amount of compost that could theoretically be produced, which is an indirect reading of the demand for the product in the area, the net present value (NPV) of the business over a ten year span, and the internal rate of return (IRR) of the business while it produces this amount of compost over the ten years It was found that the average composter size in the Central Valley produces 68,000 cubic yards of compost per year. Because of the space available to the known location and learning curve faults this number was dropped to 50,000 cubic yards. Producing these 50,000 cubic yards of compost creates a NPV of $228,228.41 and an IRR of 31%. Analyzing these numbers, a business such as this and located in the Central Valley, is in fact economically viable.
Cancer Resistance Protein ABCG 2 Breastand Tectochrysin as Potent and Specific Inhibitors of Flavonoid Structure-Activity Studies Identify 6-Prenylchrysin

Overexpression of breast cancer resistance protein ABCG2 confers multidrug resistance in cancer cells. The GF120918sensitive drug efflux activity of human wild-type (R482) ABCG2-transfected cells was used for rational screening of inhibitory flavonoids and establishment of structure-activity relationships. Flavones were found more efficient than flavonols, isoflavones, and flavanones. Differentially substituted flavone derivatives indicated positive OH effects at position 5, in contrast to positions 3 and 7. A methoxy at position 7 was slightly positive in tectochrysin, whereas a strong positive effect was produced by prenylation at position 6. The potency of 6-prenylchrysin was comparable with that of GF120918 (IC50 = 0.3 Mmol/L). Both 6-prenylchrysin and tectochrysin seemed specific for ABCG2 because no interaction was detected with either P-glycoprotein or MRP1. The ABCG2 resistance profile in vitro is altered by mutation at amino acid 482. The R482T mutation limited the effect of prenylation on ABCG2 inhibition. Whereas GF120918 strongly inhibited the ATPase activity of wild-type ABCG2, neither 6-prenylchrysin nor tectochrysin altered the activity. In contrast, all three inhibitors stimulated the ATPase activity of mutant ABCG2. 6-Prenylchrysin at 0.5 Mmol/L efficiently sensitized the growth of wild-type ABCG2-transfected cells to mitoxantrone, whereas higher concentrations were required for the mutant ones. In contrast, 1 Mmol/L tectochrysin was sufficient to fully sensitize mutant ABCG2-transfected cells, whereas higher concentrations were required for the wild-type ones. Both flavones exhibited a lower intrinsic cytotoxicity than GF120918 and were apparently not transported by ABCG2. 6-Prenylchrysin and tectochrysin therefore constitute new and promising inhibitors for the reversal of ABCG2-mediated drug transport. (Cancer Res 2005; 65(11): 4852-60)
Feasibility of Using Gyro and EMG Fusion as a Multi-position Computer Interface for Amputees

This paper demonstrates how a wearable armband that incorporates Gyro and EMG sensor fusion, can be used as a simple input device for upper body amputees. The armband enables any user with some level of yaw and pitch arm movement, and arm muscle voluntary contraction, to potentially control an electrical device like a computer, robotic arm, or mobile phone. Simple Gyro data calculates pitch and yaw, while EMG threshold based techniques are used for a virtual enter button. Only light weight signal processing is required to achieve acceptable results, reducing the required processing time on the microcontroller and receiving device, thereby allowing the Fusion Band to be interfaced with almost any device. Three locations on a users arm: wrist, upper forearm and bicep were tested, in order to simulate variations in amputation, while experiments on text input and computer navigation were preformed to analyze the devices usability as a computer interface. The device aims to make interaction in computer applications more intuitive for amputee users.
Flavopiridol induces apoptosis of normal lymphoid cells, causes immunosuppression, and has potent antitumor activity In vivo against human leukemia and lymphoma xenografts.

Flavopiridol is a novel semisynthetic flavone derivative of the alkaloid rohitukine. Flavopiridol is known to inhibit potently the activity of multiple cyclin-dependent kinases. We have assessed its effects on normal and malignant cells in preclinical animal models of localized and disseminated human hematopoietic neoplasms. Flavopiridol, when administered as daily bolus intravenous (IV) injections, produced selective apoptosis of cells in the thymus, spleen, and lymph nodes, resulting in atrophy of these organs. With the exception of the intestinal crypts, apoptosis or tissue damage was absent in all other organs investigated (kidneys, liver, lungs, bone/bone marrow, muscle, and heart). Flavopiridol had a marked apoptotic effect documented by DNA nick-end labeling, or DNA agarose gels in xenografts of human hematopoietic tumors HL-60, SUDHL-4, and Nalm/6. After treatment with 7.5 mg/kg flavopiridol bolus IV or intraperitoneal on each of 5 consecutive days, 11 out of 12 advanced stage subcutaneous (s.c.) human HL-60 xenografts underwent complete regressions, and animals remained disease-free several months after one course of flavopiridol treatment. SUDHL-4 s.c. lymphomas treated with flavopiridol at 7.5 mg/kg bolus IV for 5 days underwent either major (two out of eight mice) or complete (four out of eight mice) regression, with two animals remaining disease-free for more than 60 days. The overall growth delay was 73.2%. The acquired immunodeficiency syndrome-associated lymphoma AS283 showed no significant response when flavopiridol was used in advanced s.c. tumors, but when treatment was initiated in early stages, there was a complete regression of the early tumors, and a significant overall growth delay (>84%). When flavopiridol was used in severe combined immunodeficient mice bearing disseminated human acute lymphoblastic leukemia Nalm/6 cells, there was 15-day prolongation in survival (P = .0089). We conclude that flavopiridol greatly influences apoptosis in both normal and malignant hematopoietic tissues. This activity was manifested in our study as a potent antileukemia or antilymphoma effect in human tumor xenografts, which was dose and schedule dependent. These findings provide compelling evidence for the use of flavopiridol in human hematologic malignancies.