Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The relationship between unit diversity and perceptions of organizational performance in the military

Structural equation modeling techniques are used to examine the relationship between demographic diversity and perceptions of organizational performance in military units. Analyzing data from the Military Equal Opportunity Climate Survey reveals higher female and minority representation reduces females’ and minorities’ perceptions of organizational effectiveness, respectively. Identical factors appear to influence the perceptions of organizational performance across these two subgroups of employees. The results demonstrate the importance of conducting separate analyses for subgroups in examining the effects of demographic diversity on organizational performance.
A convolution technique for the calculation of local densities of states

A convolution technique is proposed for the calculation of local densities of states (LDOS) within the tight-binding (TB) model. It relies on the separability of the variables in the Hamiltonian. This technique allows one to carry out calculations for the two- and three-dimensional lattices if the one-dimensional LDOS is known. The approach avoids K-space integration as well as the processing of large clusters. The results are checked against known results produced by the straight TB model, and some new cases, such as that of the LDOS for a two-dimensional lattice in the presence of an external electric field, are also considered.
Filtering of discrete‐time Markov jump linear systems with uncertain transition probabilities

This article addresses the filtering design problem for discrete‐time Markov jump linear systems (MJLS) under the assumption that the transition probabilities are not completely known. We present the methods to determine ℋ︁2‐ and ℋ︁∞‐norm bounded filters for MJLS whose transition probability matrices have uncertainties in a convex polytope and establish an equivalence with the ones with partly unknown elements. The proposed design, based on linear matrix inequalities, allows different assumptions on Markov mode availability to the filter and on system parameter uncertainties to be taken into account. Under mode‐dependent assumption and internal model knowledge, observer‐based filters can be obtained and it is shown theoretically that our method outperforms some available ones in the literature to date. Numerical examples illustrate this claim. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
An EM algorithm for regression analysis with incomplete covariate information

Regression analysis is often challenged by the fact that some covariates are not completely observed. Among other approaches is a newly developed semiparametric maximum likelihood (SML) method that requires no parametric specification of the selection mechanism or the covariate distribution and that yields efficient inference, at least in some specific models. In this paper, we propose an EM algorithm for finding the SML estimate and for variance estimation. Simulation results suggest that the SML method performs reasonably well in moderate-sized samples. In contrast, the analogous parametric maximum likelihood method is subject to severe bias under model mis-specification, even in large samples.
Topologies on Abelian Groups

A filter on an abelian group G is called a T-filter if there exists a Hausdorff group topology under which converges to zero. G{} will denote the group G with the largest topology among those making converge to zero. This method of defining a group topology is completely equivalent to the definition of an abstract group by defining relations. We shall obtain characterizations of T-filters and of T-sequences; among these, we shall pay particular attention to T-sequences on the integers. The method of T-sequences will be used to construct a series of counterexamples for several open problems in topological algebra. For instance there exists, on every infinite abelian group, a topology distinguishing between sequentiality and the Frechet-Urysohn property (this solves a problem posed by V.I. Malykhin); we also find a topology on the group of integers admitting no nontrivial continuous character, thus solving a problem of Nienhuys. We show also that on every infinite abelian group there exists a free ultrafilter which is not a T-ultrafilter.
Research on Smooth Support Vector Regression Based on Hermite

Polynomial smooth techniques are applied to Support Vector Regression model by an accurate smooth approximation which is offered by Hermite Interpolation polynomial. We use Hermite Interpolation to generate a new polynomial smooth function which is proposed for the function in ε-insensitive support vector regression of interpolation functions. Their important property is discussed. It can be shown that the approximation accuracy and smoothing rank of polynomial functions can be as high as required.
Estimation of Sparse Jacobian Matrices

When finding a numerical solution to a system of nonlinear equations, one often estimates the Jacobian by finite differences. Curtis, Powell and Reid [J. Inst. Math. Applics. ,13 (1974), pp. 117–119] presented an algorithm that reduces the number of function evaluations required to estimate the Jacobian by taking advantage of sparsity. We show that the problem of finding the best of the Curtis, Powell and Reid type algorithms is NP-complete, and then propose two procedures for estimating the Jacobian that may use fewer function evaluations.
HERBIG-HARO OBJECTS IN THE \RHO OPHIUCHI CLOUD

Using deep, narrow-band images of the main ρ Oph dark cloud centered on the wavelengths of Hα and [S~II], we present evidence for three new Herbig-Haro objects. This increases the total number in the cloud to five. In addition, positions for 5 candidate Herbig-Haro objects are given. Relatively high [S~II]/Hα ratios indicate low excitation conditions for all of these nebulae. We list potential exciting stars for each Herbig-Haro object and candidate by identifying nearby young stellar objects with strong infrared excesses and/or millimeter continuum emission. The location of most of these nebulae near the cloud edges underscores the important role that extinction by dust plays in the ρ Oph cloud in masking the presence of Herbig-Haro objects. Among the newly identified Herbig-Haro objects is a jet-like string of emission nebulae emanating from the classical T Tauri star SR~4. [S~II] emission is also found coincident with a knot of strong molecular hydrogen emission associated with the highly-collimated VLA~1623 molecular outflow. Indeed, the low excitation nature of all of the objects in our study, coupled with the high extinction of the cloud, suggests that a deep survey for shocked molecular hydrogen at λ=2.122 μm would be the best way to search for evidence of strong winds from the large population of young stellar objects in the cloud.
Free-free transitions of an electron in the presence of an atomic system

A multichannel theory of free-free transitions of an electron in the presence of a general atomic system is developed. Expressions are presented for total and differential cross sections, and full account is taken of both fully polarised and non-polarised photons. The evaluation of the association reduced matrix elements is discussed within the framework of the R-matrix theory of electron-atom scattering.
On Suslinian Continua

Abstract A continuumis said to be Suslinian if it does not contain uncountably many mutually exclusive nondegenerate subcontinua. We prove that Suslinian continua are perfectly normal and rim-metrizable. Locally connected Suslinian continua have weight atmost ${{\omega }_{1}}$ and under appropriate set-theoretic conditions are metrizable. Non-separable locally connected Suslinian continua are rim-finite on some open set.
Longitudinal Data Analysis for the Behavioral Sciences Using R

This book represents an attempt by Jeffrey D. Long to provide behavioral science researchers with a stand-alone resource for modeling longitudinal data in the R statistical software package (2009), by no means an easy endeavor. He emphasizes use of the linear mixed-effects modeling framework for model specification and analysis, and introduces a more recent alternative to null hypothesis testing for the evaluation of model fit. The material is presented in an almost technical manual style, similar to that of other books on the topic (e.g., Bates, 2010; Pinheiro & Bates, 2000), and the text benefits from the didactic value of coupling syntax listings with programmatic output. The publisher also maintains an accompanying Web site, where readers can access the R syntax listings, the example data sets, and other supplemental materials free of charge. The book opens with a brief introduction to the major conceptual topics to be covered. The author does a nice job of quickly building from a succinct review of core statistical concepts— means versus correlations, measurement issues—to the goals of longitudinal modeling and the importance of random effects. The three main R packages used in the text are: the lme4 package (Bates & Maechler, 2009) containing the function “lmer()” that is used for fitting linear mixed-effects regression models; the ggplot2 package (Wickham, 2011), used to generate all of the visual displays presented in the text; and the plyr package (Wickham, 2009), used to simplify many of the programmatic operations that would otherwise require more sophisticated syntax to accomplish; many of the examples mimic the functionality of the “apply()” family of functions in the base package of R. In the first chapter the author also introduces the Minneapolis Public School District (MPLS) data set that is used throughout the text with some occasional augmentation. A subset of these data, which represent yearly reading achievement scores for students followed from fifth through eighth grade, are modeled and manipulated to demonstrate many of the techniques presented. Additional demographic covariates, such as gender, ethnicity, and English language
Double-Semiparametric Method for Missing Covariates in Cox Regression Models

The problem of nuisance covariate model specification is considered in Cox regression where the maximum semiparametric likelihood method is used to handle the missing covariates. A component of the covariates is modeled nonparametrically to achieve robustness against covariate model misspecification and to reduce the number of possibly intractable integrations involved in the parametric modeling of the covariates. The statistical properties of the proposed method are examined. It is found that in some important situations, the maximum semiparametric likelihood can be applied without making any additional parametric model assumptions on covariates. The proposed method can yield a more efficient estimator than the nonparametric imputation methods and does not require specification of the missingness mechanism when compared with the inverse probability weighting method. A real data example is analyzed to demonstrate use of the proposed method.
Multigrid solution of the incompressible Navier-Stokes equations for three-dimensional recirculating flow : Coupled and decoupled smoothers compared

A comparison of multigrid methods for solving the incompressible Navier-Stokes equations in three dimensions is presented. The continuous equations are discretised on staggered grids using a second-order monotonic scheme for the convective terms and implemented in defect correction form. The convergence characteristics of a decoupled method (SIMPLE) are compared with those of the cellwise coupled method (SCGS). The convergence rates obtained for computations of the three-dimensional lid-driven cavity problem are found to be very similar to those obtained for computations of the corresponding two-dimensional problem with comparable grid density. Although the convergence rate of SCGS is thus superior to that of SIMPLE, the decoupled method is found to be more efficient computationally and requires less computing time for a given level of convergence. The linewise implementation of the coupled method (CLGS) is also investigated and shown to be more efficient than SCGS, although the convergence rate and computing time required per cycle are both found to depend on the direction of sweep
Progress on Predicting the Breadth of Droplet Size Distributions Observed in Small Cumuli

AbstractA modeling framework representing variations in droplet growth by condensation, resulting from different saturation histories experienced as a result of entrainment and mixing, is used to predict the breadth of droplet size distributions observed at different altitudes within trade wind cumuli observed on 10 December 2004 during the Rain in Cumulus over the Ocean (RICO) field campaign. The predicted droplet size distributions are as broad as those observed, contain similar numbers of droplets, and are generally in better agreement with the observations when some degree of inhomogeneous droplet evaporation is considered, allowing activation of newly entrained cloud condensation nuclei. The variability of the droplet growth histories, resulting primarily from entrainment, appears to explain the magnitude of the observed droplet size distribution widths, without representation of other broadening mechanisms. Additional work is needed, however, as the predicted mean droplet diameter is too large relat.
A spherical basis function neural network for approximating acoustic scatter

This paper describes a neural network for approximation problems on the sphere. The von Mises basis function is introduced, whose response depends on polar rather than Cartesian input coordinates. The architecture of the von Mises basis function (VMBF) neural network is presented along with the corresponding gradient descent learning rules. The VMBF neural network is used to solve a specific benchmark spherical problem of approximating a known function, the reflection factor of a plane wave scattering at a rigid sphere.
Weak lensing constraints on the dark matter haloes of early type galaxies

Abstract Constraints on the masses of dark matter haloes associated with galaxies in the field and in clusters have been successfully obtained used galaxy-galaxy lensing techniques. Weak lensing thus provides important information on the mass distribution in galaxies at large radii in a statistical fashion. Current work suggests that all galaxies possess extended dark matter haloes, however those that host galaxies in clusters are less extended and less massive.
Optimal estimation of gradient damage parameters from localization phenomena in quasi‐brittle materials

Non-local and gradient enhanced damage models are able to properly model localization phenomena in quasi-brittle materials. By the introduction of an internal length scale they avoid mesh-size sensitivity in finite element calculations and are capable of describing size effects. To experimentally determine the internal length scale and other damage model parameters, indirect identification methods have to be used. The method presented is based on the Markov estimation procedure, which also permits to evaluate the accuracy and the well-posedness of the identification problem, characterized by the uniqueness and identifiability of the estimated values. This information offers the possibility to compare and optimize the designs of laboratory tests in order to minimize the effect of errors on the estimated values. The indirect determination of the gradient damage parameters based on global response measurements far from the crack on one-size specimens is sensitive to the problem of ill-posedness due the high correlation between the gradient damage parameters, which dominate the localization process. The size effect method can be used as an accurate identification method for the gradient damage parameters, when information on the tensile behaviour is included and a sufficient size range is considered. Local displacement analysis close to the crack provides sufficient information with respect to the identification problem independent of the size of the specimen and gives the most accurate parameter estimations. Copyright © 1999 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A posteriori error estimator for harmonic A‐φ formulation

Purpose – In this paper, the aim is to propose a residual‐based error estimator to evaluate the numerical error induced by the computation of the electromagnetic systems using a finite element method in the case of the harmonic A‐φ formulation.Design/methodology/approach – The residual based error estimator used in this paper verifies the mathematical property of global and local error estimation (reliability and efficiency). Findings – This estimator used is based on the evaluation of quantities weakly verified in the case of harmonic A‐φ formulation.Originality/value – In this paper, it is shown that the proposed estimator, based on the mathematical developments, is hardness in the case of the typical applications.
Investigations on the Role of the Fibrinolytic Pathway on Outflow Facility Regulation

Purpose To understand the role and further dissect pathways downstream of tissue plasminogen activator (tPA) and the fibrinolytic pathway in modulating outflow facility. Methods Outflow facility of tissue plasminogen activator (Plat) knockout (KO) mice was determined and compared to that of wild-type (WT) littermates. Gene expression of urokinase plasminogen activator (Plau), plasminogen activator inhibitor (Pai-1), plasminogen (Plg), and matrix metalloproteinases (Mmp-2, -9, and -13) was measured in angle tissues. Expression of the same genes and outflow facility were measured in KO and WT mice treated with triamcinolone acetonide (TA). Amiloride was used to inhibit urokinase plasminogen activator (uPA) in Plat KO mice, and outflow facility was measured. Results Plat deletion resulted in outflow facility reduction and decreased Mmp-9 expression in angle tissues. Plasminogen expression was undetectable in both KO and WT mice. TA led to further reduction in outflow facility and decreases in expression of Plau and Mmp-13 in plat KO mice. Amiloride inhibition of uPA activity prevented the TA-induced outflow facility reduction in Plat KO mice. Conclusions tPA deficiency reduced outflow facility in mice and was associated with reduced MMP expression. The mechanism of action of tPA is unlikely to involve plasminogen activation. tPA is not the only mediator of TA-induced outflow facility change, as TA caused reduction in outflow facility of Plat KO mice. uPA did not substitute for tPA in outflow facility regulation but abrogated the effect of TA in the absence of tPA, suggesting a complex role of components of the fibrinolytic system in outflow regulation.
Computer simulations of nonlinear propagation of an optical pulse using a finite-difference in the frequency-domain method

To simulate propagation of an optical pulse in a nonlinear medium, a finite-difference in frequency-domain (FDFD) method was developed. In this method, Maxwell's equations were solved rigorously without introducing an electric-field envelope function commonly used in conventional methods. This method was used to calculate the propagation of an optical soliton in a fused-silica-like material, and results were compared with those of a finite-difference in time-domain (FDTD) method. It was found that the FDFD method was efficient and more robust than the FDTD method. Another advantage of the FDFD method is the case of incorporating arbitrary linear dispersion relations into the calculations.
Tracking in clutter and effects of thermal blooming on HEL beams

The tracking algorithm is presented that reduces the influence of the camera motion on the tracking performance. The algorithm uses a change detector. The target motion is described by parameterized optical flow. The flow parameters are estimated using Kalman filtering. The algorithm allows us to estimate the target motion without any bias associated with the camera motion. The effects of thermal blooming on high-energy laser beacon for air-to-ground directed energy system are evaluated. The laser fluence at the target and power in the bucket are evaluated for various tactical engagement scenarios and different atmospheric conditions. The critical laser power that can be efficiently transmitted through the atmosphere is evaluated. Two techniques for mitigating the effects of thermal blooming including a method based on pointing of a high energy beam "downwind" to correct for the thermal blooming tilt and focusing a high energy beam beyond the target range are evaluated. We found that the power in the bucket at the target at the optical axis of a high energy beam for tactical directed energy system increases about one order of magnitude due to correction of the thermal blooming tilt.
Response to “Revisiting the Influence of Campaign Tone on Turnout in Senate Elections”

Robert Jackson and Jason Sides (2005) conclude in their article, Revisiting the Influence of Campaign Tone on Turnout in Senate Elections, “We are hard-pressed to conclude that respondents' political profiles condition the influence of campaign tone on their turnout behavior. … Kahn and Kenney's conclusions about differential citizen responsiveness to campaign negativity should not become part of accepted wisdom in this area of scholarship. ” We disagree and our reasoning rests on three points: the measurement and operationalization of a key variable: mudslinging; the selection of an appropriate estimation strategy; and the employment of theoretical expectations to make sense of the central findings.
Algorithm study of the space transformation factor in the transformed‐space nonuniform pseudo‐spectral time‐domain scheme

In this paper, we explore algorithms for an evaluation of the space transformation factor (STF) in the application of the transformed‐space nonuniform pseudo‐spectral time‐domain (TSNU‐PSTD) scheme. We apply these algorithms to both typical propagation problems and scattering analyses. Before implementing the PSTD technique, we first transform nonuniform grids {xi}, {yj}, and {zk} sampled in a real, nonuniform space to uniform ones {ui}, {vj}, and {wk}. Next, we utilize a uniform‐sampled, standard FFT and inverse FFT to calculate spatial derivatives in the space domain of (u, v, w). We then convert the spatial derivatives back to the real space (x, y, z) by simply multiplying space transformation factors (STFs) du/dx, dv/dy and dw/dz. For comparison, we adopt both the Lagrange polynomial interpolation and the cubic spline interpolation to carry out the task. In the Lagrange's case, we evaluate those factors by solving for coefficients of the Lagrange polynomials from a Vandermonde linear system; in the cubic spline algorithm, we calculate the factors after solving for values of the second derivative of the interpolating function from a tridiagonal linear system. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 48: 2367–2372, 2006; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/mop.22018
In situ observation of surface deformation of polymer films by atomic force microscopy

The tensile X–Y stage, providing a load cell and a stretching device, has been constructed to observe the surface deformation of polymer film in situ by using an atomic force microscope (AFM). From the three-dimensional AFM images, the streak-like bumps were observed on a polyethylene terephalate (PET) film surface. By monitoring the change in the distance between them by the tensile load, the strain was evaluated in the direction both parallel and perpendicular to the tensile direction. The microscopic stress–strain relationship by AFM coincided with the macroscopic one, which indicates so-called affine deformation of PET film. Young’s modulus was obtained as 2.3 GPa for PET from the initial slope of the stress–strain curve by AFM. The apparent Poisson ratio of the PET film surface could be also evaluated.