Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Epinephrine-induced lactic acidosis following cardiopulmonary bypass.

OBJECTIVE To determine if lactic acidosis occurring after cardiopulmonary bypass could be attributed to the metabolic or other effects of epinephrine administration. DESIGN Prospective, randomized study. SETTING Postsurgical cardiothoracic intensive therapy unit. PATIENTS Thirty-six adult patients, without acidosis, requiring vasoconstrictors for the management of hypotension after cardiopulmonary bypass. INTERVENTIONS Randomized administration of either epinephrine or norepinephrine by infusion. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS Hemodynamic and metabolic data were collected before commencement of vasoconstrictor therapy (time 0) and then 1 hr (time 1), 6 to 10 hrs (time 2), and 22 to 30 hrs (time 3) later. Six of the 19 patients who received epinephrine developed lactic acidosis. None of the 17 patients receiving norepinephrine developed lactic acidosis. In the epinephrine group, but not in the norepinephrine group, lactate concentration increased significantly at times 1 and 2 (p = .01), while pH and base excess decreased (p < or = .01). Blood glucose concentration was higher in the epinephrine group at time 2 (p = .02), while the cardiac index (p < .03) and the mixed venous Po2 (p = .04) were higher at time 1. compared with the norepinephrine group, the patients receiving epinephrine had higher femoral venous lactate concentrations (p = .03), increased lower limb blood flow (p = .05), and increased femoral venous oxygen saturations (p = .04). CONCLUSIONS The use of epinephrine after cardiopulmonary bypass precipitates the development of lactic acidosis in some patients. This phenomenon is presumably a beta-mediated effect, and is associated with an increase in whole-body and lower limb blood flow and a decrease in whole-body and transfemoral oxygen extraction. The phenomenon does not appear to be related to reduced tissue perfusion and does not have the poor outlook of lactic acidosis associated with shock.
Demographic Changes: The Impact for Safe Blood Supply

The population structure in most European countries is currently changing, with a shift from younger to older age groups. Only sparse data exist on the impact of these demographic changes on future blood demand and supply. Data on blood recipients are sparse and unconnected to data on blood donors. The first part of this review summarizes studies on the effect of the demographic change on blood supply and demand. With respect to studies in North America and Europe on the impact of demographic changes on future blood supply, the demographic trends will affect many regions in the Western world similarly. These effects are most pronounced in the new member states of the European Union where birth rates declined abruptly after 1989. Coordinated efforts will be required to prevent blood shortages based upon these demographic trends in Western societies. The second part of this review is an overview of methodological approaches to obtain data on the sociodemographic background of the blood donor population.
Reverse engineering using optical 3D sensors

Optical 3D sensors are used as tools for reverse engineering: First the shape of an object is digitized by acquisition of multiple range images from different view points. Then the range images are registered and the data is turned into a CAD description, e.g. tensor product surfaces, by surface modeling software. For many applications however it is sufficient to generate a polyhedral surface. We present a nearly automatic procedure covering the complete task of data acquisition, calibration, surface registration and surface reconstruction using a mesh of triangles. A couple of measurements, such as teeth, works of art and cutting tools are shown.
Torque production improvement of a five phase fractional-slot PM machine under faulty operation

The paper deals with several approach to recover the torque production capability of a five phase double-layer fractional-slot PM machine under faulty operation. The considered fault is an open-circuit coil in a given phase. The application of the star of slots approach has led to three locally grouped coils per phase, which represents a crucial benefit with respect to their re-arrangement in case of a failure. In a first step, the mean futures, such as the phase back-EMFs and the electromagnetic torque, are computed by FEA under healthy operation, and are taken as references. Then, they are investigated, under a faulty coil, for different approaches to recover the torque production capability. These concern (i) the re-arrangement of the armature winding, and (ii) the readjustment of the machine current supply. A comparison of the potentialities of the torque recovery approaches has clearly highlight the superiority of the one consisting in the re-adjustment of the current initial phases, in an attempt to equilibrate the resulting air gap MMF.
Overviewing Information Structure of Review Documents Using Syntax Constraints on Evaluation Descriptions

This paper describes a method to detect evaluation points from freely written Web review for overviewing review structure. In freely written review, evaluation points and relationships between these points are unclear. We consider that overviewing Web review structure helps us to understand review documents. Based on our experiments, we confirmed that the proposed method detected evaluation points to be presented with high precision without dependence on kinds of evaluation target. Moreover, our proposed method realized to present relationships among evaluation points to be presented referring syntax features that were used to detect evaluation points to be presented.
The Two Faces of the Internet: Introduction to the Special Issue on the Internet and Sexuality

The Internet has two faces, positive and negative. Its positive aspect is that the Internet enables the enrichment and improvement of human functioning in many areas, including health, education, commerce, and entertainment. On its negative side, the Internet may provide a threatening environment and expose individuals to great risks. Paralleling this overall dual perspective, the Internet facilitates sexual exploration, education, and pleasure; on the other hand, it furnishes an opportunity for criminal and other negative and harmful sexual conduct. The current special issue presents a multi-perspective view of sexuality issues related to the Internet, reflecting its dual nature.
The effects of cyclooxygenase-2 gene silencing by siRNA on cell proliferation, cell apoptosis, cell cycle and tumorigenicity of Capan-2 human pancreatic cancer cells

The prognosis of pancreatic cancer is still very poor. No specific effective gene therapy for pancreatic cancer has been found. As a key enzyme of the metabolic process of arachidonic acid, cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) has been found to be closely related to the tumorigenesis of epithelial cancers. However, the antitumor effect of small interfering RNA (siRNA) targeting COX-2 in pancreatic cancer has not yet been verified. Therefore, the aim of this study was to investigate the effects of COX-2 gene silencing by siRNA on cell proliferation, cell apoptosis, cell cycle and tumorigenicity of pancreatic cancer cells. COX-2 mRNA was detected by RT-PCR and real-time PCR. COX-2 protein was detected by Western blotting. The cell proliferation was measured by cell counting using microscopy. The cell apoptosis and cell cycle were measured by flow cytometry. The tumorigenicity of Capan-2 pancreatic cancer cells transfected with COX-2 siRNA was evaluated using a nude mouse xenograft model. The expression of COX-2 mRNA as well as COX-2 protein were downregulated after COX-2 siRNA transfection. COX-2 siRNA could inhibit the growth of Capan-2 cells significantly by decreasing the cell proliferation, increasing cell apoptosis and regulating cell cycle as well. In vivo experiments demonstrated that the mean volume and weight of subcutaneous xenografts in nude mice derived from Capan-2 cells transfected with COX-2 siRNA were significantly decreased. COX-2 siRNA could inhibit the growth of Capan-2 pancreatic cancer cells and also decrease the tumorigenicity of Capan-2 cells, implicating a new potential therapeutic target in pancreatic cancer.
Atherosclerotic Narrowing of the Left Main Coronary Artery: A Necropsy Analysis of 152 Patients with Fatal Coronary Heart Disease and Varying Degrees of Left Main Narrowing

Histologic sections of the left main (LM) and the other three major coronary arteries were studied in 152 patients. The lumen of the LM in 35 patients was >75% narrowed; in thirty, 50–75%; and in 87, <50% narrowed. The patients with >75% narrowing were younger. Angina pectoris and hyperlipoproteinemia, specifically type II, were more common (P < 0.02) and acutetransmural and healed subendocardial myocardial infarcts were less frequent (P < 0.05) in the patients with >75% LM narrowing than in those with <50% narrowing. Of the three other major coronary arteries, the average number narrowed in the patients with >75% LM narrowing was 2.9; in those with 50–75% LM narrowing, 2.7, and in those with <50% LM narrowing, 2.4. Of the 35 patients with >75% LM narrowing, 33 had >75% luminal narrowing of each of the other three major coronary arteries. Narrowing of the LM, therefore, indicates severe narrowing of usually all major coronary arteries.
Brefeldin A: insights into the control of membrane traffic and organelle structure

THE definition of cellular organelles has evolved over the last hundred years largely driven by morphologic observations, but more recently has been supplemented and complemented by functional and biochemical studies (Palade, 1975) . Thus, organelles are now identified both by their morphology and by the set ofcomponents that comprise them . Determining how organelle identity is established and maintained and how newly synthesized protein and membrane are sorted to different organelles are the central issues of organellogenesis . Essential to the many cellular functions that take place within the central vacuolar system (which consists ofthe ER, Golgi apparatus, secretory vesicles, endosomes, and lysosomes) is membrane traffic which mediates the exchange of components between different organelles . There are two critical characteristics of membrane traffic . First, only certain sets oforganelles exchange membrane and the patterns of this exchange define what are called membrane pathways . Second, multiple pathways intersect at specific points within the central vacuolar system . For specific components to "choose" the correct pathway at such points of crossing, mechanisms exist to impose choices on specific molecules . This process is called sorting . The characteristicsofeachorganelle within the central vacuolar system are likely to be intimately tied to the properties ofmembrane traffic . An imbalance in the magnitude ofmembrane input into and egress from an organelle would have profound effects on the size ofthat compartment . In addition, failures in sorting or aberrations in targeting pathways would be expected to profoundly affect the identity of individual organelles . Recently, the relationship between the control of membrane traffic and the maintenance of organelle structure has been investigated with the use ofa remarkable drug, brefeldin A (BFA). ' In this review we will summarize recent findings with BFA and propose some speculative models concerning the mechanism and regulation ofmembrane traffic within the central vacuolar system .
A novel MAC layer protocol for space division multiple access in wireless ad hoc networks

Recently, MAC protocols using directional antennas for wireless ad hoc networks that are based on and similar to IEEE 802.11 type WLAN have been proposed. These protocols, however, are unable to attain substantial performance improvements because they do not enable the nodes to perform multiple simultaneous transmissions/receptions. In this paper, we propose a MAC layer protocol that exploits space division multiple access, thus using the property of directional reception to receive more than one packet from spatially separated transmitter nodes (equipped with smart antenna systems). Our simulation results show that drastic throughput improvements may be achieved through this scheme.
Heat-Shock Proteins and Acute Ischaemic Kidney Injury

The incidence of acute kidney injury due to ischaemia-reperfusion injury (IRI) is rising but effective treatments and preventative approaches are currently lacking. IRI is also an inevitable consequence of kidney transplantation and significantly contributes to delayed graft function. Heat-shock proteins (Hsps) are highly conserved and ubiquitously expressed molecular chaperones that help maintain and restore normal cellular function in the kidney following IRI. Hsp70 is one of the most frequently studied Hsps because of potential cytoprotective properties and attractiveness as a therapeutic target. However, the protective properties of Hsp70 in renal IRI are not fully understood and putative modes of protection include correction of protein conformation, cytoskeletal stabilisation, anti-inflammatory effects, requirement in autophagy, anti-apoptotic properties, influence over macrophage phenotype and stimulation of regulatory T cells. Significant clinical interest has been generated about the possibility of applying pharmacological agents to induce Hsp70 and prevent renal IRI, but prior to this, an increased mechanistic understanding of the protective nature of Hsp70 is needed. In particular, further investigation of Hsp expression on inflammatory cell behaviour is required as this could lead to the development of new therapeutic strategies for enhancing recovery following renal IRI and broaden the range of these therapies to a wider group of patients.
On the benefits of using a large IXP as an internet vantage point

In the context of measuring the Internet, a long-standing question has been whether there exist well-localized physical entities in today's network where traffic from a representative cross-section of the constituents of the Internet can be observed at a fine-enough granularity to paint an accurate and informative picture of how these constituents shape and impact much of the structure and evolution of today's Internet and the actual traffic it carries. In this paper, we first answer this question in the affirmative by mining 17 weeks of continuous sFlow data from one of the largest European IXPs. Examining these weekly snapshots, we discover a vantage point with excellent visibility into the Internet, seeing week-in and week-out traffic from all 42K+ routed ASes, almost all 450K+ routed prefixes, from close to 1.5M servers, and around a quarter billion IPs from all around the globe. Second, to show the potential of such vantage points, we analyze the server-related portion of the traffic at this IXP, identify the server IPs and cluster them according to the organizations responsible for delivering the content. In the process, we observe a clear trend among many of the critical Internet players towards network heterogenization; that is, either hosting servers of third-party networks in their own infrastructures or pursuing massive deployments of their own servers in strategically chosen third-party networks. While the latter is a well-known business strategy of companies such as Akamai, Google, and Netflix, we show in this paper the extent of network heterogenization in today's Internet and illustrate how it enriches the traditional, largely traffic-agnostic AS-level view of the Internet.
Siglecs as sensors of self in innate and adaptive immune responses

Siglecs are expressed on most white blood cells of the immune system and are known to modulate the activity of cell signaling receptors via regulatory motifs in their cytoplasmic domains. This immunoglobulin subfamily of coreceptors recognize sialic acid containing glycans as ligands, which are found on glycoproteins and glycolipids of all mammalian cells. By virtue of their ability to recognize this common structural element, siglecs are increasingly recognized for their ability to help immune cells distinguish between self and nonself, and dampen autoimmune responses.
Model refinement by integrated processing of laser scanning and photogrammetry

For tasks such as the generation of realistic visualizations from pedestrian viewpoints in virtual reality and multimedia applications, urban models extracted from airborne data are too coarse and therefore have to be refined. Within the paper, terrestrial LIDAR data as well as facade imagery is used to increase the quality and amount of detail for the respective 3D building models. These models, typically available from airborne data collection, provide a-priori information, which can be integrated efficiently both for the georeferencing of the terrestrial data and the subsequent geometric and visual enhancement. We introduce two approaches to increase the geometric detail of facades. One approach is based on a planar mapping of point clouds, called LASERMAP, the other is based on cell decomposition.
Semantic Web Services : A conceptual comparison of OWLS , WSMO and METEORS approaches

Today’s business is strongly connected with the idea of electronic commerce. E-commerce is changing the way businesses interact with consumers, as well as the way they interact with each other. In order for the next era of e-commerce -enabling automatic business interactionto be realized, not only the e-services approach has to be adopted but also the vision of Semantic Web Services has to be considered. In this text, I intend to conceptually compare the most significant Semantic Web Services initiatives; the OWL-S Semantic Markup for Web Services, the Web Service Modeling Ontology (WSMO) and the METEOR-S Web Service Annotation Framework, considering the discovery, interoperation, composition and invocation lifecycle stages involved in business interactions.
Decay of charge deposited on the wall of gaseous void

After partial discharge activity within a gaseous void, charges accumulate on the wall of the void. The decay of such charges due to surface currents at the void wall is studied analytically, and the factors affecting this decay are indicated. The results show that in terms of the basic time constant, the decay can take a considerable amount of time. The decay rate is significantly reduced by an increase in the permittivity of the bulk medium. The dominating influence of this permittivity is likewise reflected in the increased duration and thereby prolonged inhomogeneity of the electric field sustained in the void. However, the absolute value of this field is reduced with an increase in bulk permittivity. It is concluded that the present choice of a point charge to simulate the wall charge has the disadvantage that such a source is associated with a field singularity, and thus it is not possible to represent the maximum field at the void wall in a realistic manner. >
Glucagon decreases cytokine induction of nitric oxide synthase and action on insulin secretion in RIN5F cells and rat and human islets of Langerhans.

Nitric oxide synthase, induced by cytokines in insulin-containing cells, produces nitric oxide which inhibits function and may promote cell killing. Since glucagon was shown to prevent inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) expression in rat hepatocytes it was of interest to examine the action of glucagon (and cyclic AMP) on iNOS induction in insulin-producing cells. Cultured RIN5F cells and primary rat and human islets of Langerhans were treated with interleukin 1beta (IL-1beta) or a combination of cytokines, and were co-treated or pre-treated with glucagon. In RIN5F cells, the activity of iNOS induced by IL-1beta (10 pM, 24 h), was significantly reduced by glucagon (1000 nM), which raises cyclic AMP, and by forskolin (1-10 microM), a non specific activator of adenylate cyclase. Glucagon and forskolin also decreased iNOS expression in RIN5F cells, and rat and human islets, as shown by Western blotting. The inhibitory action of IL-1beta (100 pM, 24 h) on rat islet insulin secretion was partially reversed by 1-h pre-treatment with glucagon (10-1000 nM), while the contrasting stimulatory effect of 48-h treatment with cytokines on insulin secretion from human islets was similarly prevented by glucagon (1000 nM) pre-treatment. These results suggest that glucagon inhibits iNOS expression in insulin-containing cells and imply that glucagon could modulate the inhibitory effects of cytokines.
Size and Effort Estimation Techniques for Software Development

Software development Cost estimation is process of predicting the most realistic use of cost required for developing software based on some parameters. The estimation of various project parameters that include project size, effort required to develop the software, project duration and cost. It has always the biggest challenges in computer science for last decades because cost and time estimate at the early stage are difficult to obtain and they are often least accurate. Nowadays software project managers should be aware about increasing of project failures. The main reason for project failure is imprecision in the estimation. Project managers stress on importance of improving estimation accuracy and methods to support better estimates. The researchers have examined several existing methods for software development cost estimation. Suitability of estimation methods depends on factors like software application domain, product complexity, availability of historical data, team expertise etc.
The Loss of a Life Partner: Narratives of the Bereaved

IntroductionInterviewsOverviewChapter One Theories of Grief: How They Inform Our Understanding of the Loss of a PartnerClassical Paradigm of GriefPostmodern Paradigm of GriefIntegrating the ParadigmsChapter Two Loss of a Partner: Current IssuesReview of Literature on Loss of a SpouseGender and GriefReview of Literature on Opposite-Sex Partner LossReview of Literature on Same-Sex Partner LossSimilarities and Differences Among Types of Partner LossChapter Three Loss of a SpouseYoung WidowsBereaved Older SpousesChapter SummaryChapter Four Loss of an Opposite-Sex PartnerDisenfranchised GriefChapter SummaryChapter Five Loss of a Gay PartnerIssues Faced by a Bereaved Gay PartnerChapter SummaryChapter Six Loss of a Lesbian PartnerIssues Faced by a Bereaved Lesbian PartnerChapter SummaryChapter Seven Similar and Diverse Themes Among Bereaved PartnersAmbivalence Regarding Existing Ties with Deceased PartnerDiscrimination Experienced by Surviving Partners in Nontraditional RelationshipsUsing Memories and Continuing Bonds with the Bereaved to Cope with GrievingDeveloping New Relationships While Continuing Bonds with the Deceased PartnerMaking Meaning from the Experience of the Death of a PartnerChapter SummaryChapter Eight InterventionsA Classical Model of Interventions with Bereaved PartnersA Postmodern Model of Interventions with Bereaved PartnersInterventions with Bereaved SpousesInterventions with Young WidowsInterventions with Bereaved MenInterventions with Bereaved Domestic PartnersInterventions with Bereaved Lesbian PartnersInterventions with Bereaved Gay PartnersWorking with Gay and Lesbian Bereaved PartnersChapter SummaryChapter Nine Clinical ImplicationsClinical Implications for Interventions with Bereaved PartnersClinical Implications for Interventions with Same-Sex and Opposite-Sex PartnersClinical Implications for a Response to the Events of September 11, 2001ConclusionsReferencesIndex