Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Ctcompare: Code clone detection using hashed token sequences

There is much research on the use of tokenized source code to find code clones both within and between trees of source code. Some approaches have used suffix trees [1], [3]; others have used variations of longest common substring algorithms [4], [5]. This paper outlines an algorithm, embodied in a new tool called ctcompare, that takes a different tokenization approach. Each code base to be compared is first lexically analysed to produce a sequence of tokens. These are then broken into overlapping tuples of N consecutive tokens. The tuples are then hashed and the hash values of token tuples are used to identify type-1 and type-2 clone pairs. Hashed token sequences combined with a database have already been used in earlier ctcompare versions and elsewhere [2], but with a significant performance penalty due to database insertions. The benefits of this approach over the existing research include the simultaneous comparison of multiple large code bases and fast absolute performance.
Predicting “When” in Discourse Engages the Human Dorsal Auditory Stream: An fMRI Study Using Naturalistic Stories

The hierarchical organization of human cortical circuits integrates information across different timescales via temporal receptive windows, which increase in length from lower to higher levels of the cortical hierarchy (Hasson et al., 2015). A recent neurobiological model of higher-order language processing (Bornkessel-Schlesewsky et al., 2015) posits that temporal receptive windows in the dorsal auditory stream provide the basis for a hierarchically organized predictive coding architecture (Friston and Kiebel, 2009). In this stream, a nested set of internal models generates time-based (“when”) predictions for upcoming input at different linguistic levels (sounds, words, sentences, discourse). Here, we used naturalistic stories to test the hypothesis that multi-sentence, discourse-level predictions are processed in the dorsal auditory stream, yielding attenuated BOLD responses for highly predicted versus less strongly predicted language input. The results were as hypothesized: discourse-related cues, such as passive voice, which effect a higher predictability of remention for a character at a later point within a story, led to attenuated BOLD responses for auditory input of high versus low predictability within the dorsal auditory stream, specifically in the inferior parietal lobule, middle frontal gyrus, and dorsal parts of the inferior frontal gyrus, among other areas. Additionally, we found effects of content-related (“what”) predictions in ventral regions. These findings provide novel evidence that hierarchical predictive coding extends to discourse-level processing in natural language. Importantly, they ground language processing on a hierarchically organized predictive network, as a common underlying neurobiological basis shared with other brain functions. SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT Language is the most powerful communicative medium available to humans. Nevertheless, we lack an understanding of the neurobiological basis of language processing in natural contexts: it is not clear how the human brain processes linguistic input within the rich contextual environments of our everyday language experience. This fMRI study provides the first demonstration that, in natural stories, predictions concerning the probability of remention of a protagonist at a later point are processed in the dorsal auditory stream. Results are congruent with a hierarchical predictive coding architecture assuming temporal receptive windows of increasing length from auditory to higher-order cortices. Accordingly, language processing in rich contextual settings can be explained via domain-general, neurobiological mechanisms of information processing in the human brain.
Wheelchair ergonomics and physiological testing of prototypes.

Abstract Two hand rim propelled wheelchairs, a daily-use (active) wheelchair (R) and a marathon sports wheelchair (S), were compared to a three-wheeled crank (C) and a (synchronic) lever (L) propelled wheelchair. All wheelchairs were analysed with respect to cardio-respiratory parameters ([Vdot] E, [Vdot] O2 , HR, RER), power output and gross mechanical efficiency during a continuous exercise test (speed of the treadmill V = 0·96 ms-1; every third minute a one degree increase of the slope). Non-wheelchair users (NW: N = 10) were compared to wheelchair sportsmen (WS: N = 3). The cardio-respiratory strain of hand rim propulsion increases more swiftly for both R and S wheelchairs than for the C and L systems. Mechanical efficiency is significantly lower for the hand rim wheelchairs with a remarkably low efficiency for the S wheelchair. The S wheelchair however showed the lowest energy losses and a lower [Vdot]O 2 compared to the R wheelchair, these being important modalities for high speed and long distance .
Environmentally Benign Solution for Recycling Electronic Waste Using the Principles of Green Chemistry

In electronic waste recycling industry, printed wire boards (PWBs)/integrated chips (ICs) recycling is one of the most challenge tasks due to the fact that PWBs/ICs are diverse and complex in terms of materials and components makeup,as well as the original equipment manufacturing processes. In this paper, we will present environmental benign solution to recover valuable metals from PWB and integrated circuit chips (ICs) dissembled from waste PWB, based on green chemistry methodologies. We will demonstrate that the process/chemistry can selectively separate and recover precious metals from base metals. The 95%-99% recovery rate of precious metals can be achieved from the recycling of PWB and integrated circuit chips.
Turbulence Models in Pulsating Flows

The performances of four low-Reynolds-number models are compared for the unsteady Reynolds-average d Navier–Stokes equations applied to the ow in a channel driven by a pressure gradient oscillating around a nonzero mean. The models considered are the one-equation Spalart–Allmaras model, the k–" model with the wall functions of Lam and Bremhorst, the k–! 2 model of Saffman and Wilcox, and the k–"–v 2 model of Durbin. The results are compared with experiments, direct simulations, and large-eddy simulations. The models give similar and reasonably accurate results as far as predicting the velocity prole in the channel as a func tion of the phase and reproduce the observed behavior during part of the cycle. However, large differences exist between the models themselves, as well as with respect to the large eddy simulations, at the level of the Reynolds shear stress, turbulent kinetic energy, and dissipation rate. The k–"–v2 model is overall superior to the other models considered.
Effect of Freezing and Thawing Process on Betamethasone Acetate Release from Polyvinyl Alcohol Nanospheres

Betamethasone acetate (BA) is a glucocorticoid steroid with anti-inflammatory and immunosuppressive properties which can be used in treatment of asthma and itching. In this research, polyvinyl alcohol nanospheres loaded by betamethasone acetate were prepared by oil in water emulsion method after which they were exposed to 1, 2 and 4 cycles of freeze-thawing (F-T) process including 24 hours freezing cycle at -25 °C and 24 hours thawing at ambient temperature. Nanospheres fabrication was confirmed by transmission electron microscopy and betamethasone release was analyzed by UV spectrophotometer at 245 nm. The results revealed that by increasing the number of F-T cycles the rate of drug release decreased. The effect of BA concentration was also investigated on human chondrosarcoma (sw 1353). The MTT assay was utilized to assess the cell proliferation. The results showed that these biocompatible nanospheres can be used for sustained release of such drugs for more than four months and drug release rate can be effectively controlled by implementing F-T cycles.
Flow Cytometric DNA Analysis and Histopathologic Re-Evaluation of Paraffin Embedded Samples from Hydatidiform Moles and Hydropic Abortions

Background Distinction of hydatidiform moles (HMs) from non-molar abortions and sub-classification of HMs are important for clinical practice; yet, diagnosis based solely on morphology is affected by interobserver variability. The objective of this study was to determine the role of DNA flow cytometry in distinguishing molar from non-molar pregnancies. Materials and Methods This retrospective study was conducted at the Department of Pathology, Women’s Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran, between 2006 and 2010. DNA ploidy analysis and histopathologic re-evaluation were performed on paraffin-embedded tissue from 36 (17 complete and 19 partial) molar and 24 hydropic abortus (HA) cases which were previously diagnosed based on histomorphologic study. Results Of the 17 cases initially diagnosed as complete HM (CHM), 9 were diploid, 2 were triploid, 5 were tetraploid and 1 was aneuploid. Of the 19 initial partial HMs (PHMs), 2, 8, 1 and 8 cases were diploid, triploid, tetraploid and aneuploid, respectively. In the initial HA category (n=24), 14 diploid, 1 triploid, 5 tetraploid, and 4 aneuploid cases existed. Following flow cytometry and histopathologic reevaluation, 1 case with previous diagnosis of HA was reclassified as PHM, 2 initial PHMs were reclassified as CHM and 2 initial CHMs were categorized as PHM. Conclusion The results show that correct diagnosis of PMH is the main challenge in histological diagnosis of gestational trophoblastic disease (GTD). DNA flow cytometric analysis could be an informative supplement to the histological interpretation of molar and hydropic placentas.
Porous tubular structures with controlled fibre orientation using a modified electrospinning method

Electrospinning offers an avenue to produce small diameter tubes made out of nanofibres. However, to date, most tubes from electrospun fibres have been either random fibres or from sheets that were rolled into tubes. Although there have been suggestions of getting tubes made of circumferentially aligned fibres, this is the first time that a method used to create a tube made of diagonally aligned electrospun fibres has been described. This tube was formed by depositing fibres on a rotating tube during electrospinning to give a resultant tube with uniform thickness and superior all round mechanical strength without any line of weakness. A knife-edged auxiliary electrode was given a charge that was opposite to that of the charge given to the needle to create an electrostatic field that encouraged fibre alignment on a rotating tube collector. A tubular structure made of nanofibres aligned in a diagonal direction was produced through electrospinning.
Topological rearrangements and local search method for tandem duplication trees

The problem of reconstructing the duplication history of a set of tandemly repeated sequences was first introduced by Fitch (1977). Many recent studies deal with this problem, showing the validity of the unequal recombination model proposed by Fitch, describing numerous inference algorithms, and exploring the combinatorial properties of these new mathematical objects, which are duplication trees. In this paper, we deal with the topological rearrangement of these trees. Classical rearrangements used in phylogeny (NNI, SPR, TBR, .) cannot be applied directly on duplication trees. We show that restricting the neighborhood defined by the SPR (Subtree Pruning and Regrafting) rearrangement to valid duplication trees, allows exploring the whole duplication tree space. We use these restricted rearrangements in a local search method which improves an initial tree via successive rearrangements. This method is applied to the optimization of parsimony and minimum evolution criteria. We show through simulations that this method improves all existing programs for both reconstructing the topology of the true tree and recovering its duplication events. We apply this approach to tandemly repeated human Zinc finger genes and observe that a much better duplication tree is obtained by our method than using any other program.
Unstructured Viscous Grid Generation by Advancing-Front Method

A new method of generating unstructured triangular/tetrahedral grids with high-aspect-ratio ceUs is proposed. The method is based on a new grid-marching strategy referred to as 'advancing-layers' for construction of highly stretched cells in the boundary layer and the conventional advancing-front technique for generation of regular, equilateral cells in the inviscid-flow region. Unlike the existing semi-structured viscous grid generation techniques, the new procedure relies on a totally unstructured advancing-front grid strategy resulting in a substantially enhanced grid flexibility and efficiency. The method is conceptually simple but powerful, capable of producing high quality viscous grids for complex configurations with ease. A number of two-dimensional, triangular grids are presented to demonstrate the methodology. The basic elements of the method, however, have been primarily designed with three-dimensional problems in mind, making it extendible for tetrahedral, viscous grid generation.
Boundary filters without DC leakage for paraunitary filter banks

The construction of boundary filters without DC leakage for two-channel paraunitary FIR filter banks is considered. The design procedure is based on orthogonal boundary filters which are optimal in a weighted mean square error sense in the Fourier domain and on Householder transformation of boundary filter matrices. Simulation results are presented for boundary filters based on minimum-phase Daubechies filters.
Automated protein sequence database classification. I. Integration of compositional similarity search, local similarity search, and multiple sequence alignment

MOTIVATION Genome sequencing projects require the periodic application of analysis tools that can classify and multiply align related protein sequence domains. Full automation of this task requires an efficient integration of similarity and alignment techniques. RESULTS We have developed a fully automated process that classifies entire protein sequence databases, resulting in alignment of the homologous sequences. The successive steps of the procedure are based on compositional and local sequence similarity searches followed by multiple sequence alignments. Global similarities are detected from the pairwise comparison of amino acid and dipeptide compositions of each protein. After the elimination of all but one sequence from each detected cluster of closely related proteins, the remaining sequences are compiled in a suffix tree which is self-compared to detect local sequence similarities. Sets of proteins which share similar sequence segments are then weighted according to their closeness and multiply aligned using a fast hierarchical dynamic programming algorithm. Computational strategies were devised to minimize computer processing time and memory space requirements. The accuracy of the sequence classifications has been evaluated for 12 462 primary structures distributed over 341 known families. The percentage of sequences with missed or incorrect family assignments was 6.8% on the test set. This low error level is only twice that of the manually constructed PROSITE database ( 3.4% ) and is substantially better than that found for the automatically built PRODOM database ( 34.9% ). AVAILABILITY The resulting database, called DOMO, is available through database search routine SRS at Infobiogen (http://www.infobiogen.fr/srs5/), EBI (http://srs.ebi.ac.uk:5000/) and EMBL (http://www.embl-heidelberg.de/srs5/) World Wide Web sites. CONTACT gracy@infobiogen.fr
Cache-oblivious streaming B-trees

A <b><i>streaming B-tree</i></b> is a dictionary that efficiently implements insertions and range queries. We present two cache-oblivious streaming B-trees, the <b><i>shuttle tree</i></b>, and the <b><i>cache-oblivious lookahead array (COLA)</i></b>. For block-transfer size <i>B</i> and on <i>N</i> elements, the shuttle tree implements searches in optimal <i>O</i>(log <sub><i>B</i>+1</sub><i>N</i>) transfers, range queries of <i>L</i> successive elements in optimal <i>O</i>(log <sub><i>B</i>+1</sub><i>N</i> +<i>L/B</i>) transfers, and insertions in <i>O</i>((log <sub><i>B</i>+1</sub><i>N</i>)/<i>B</i><sup>Θ(1/(log log <i>B</i>)<sup>2</sup>)</sup>+(log<sup>2</sup><i>N</i>)/<i>B</i>) transfers, which is an asymptotic speedup over traditional B-trees if <i>B</i> ≥ (log <i>N</i>)<sup>1+<i>c</i> log log log<sup>2</sup> <i>N</i></sup> for any constant <i>c</i> >1. A COLA implements searches in <i>O</i>(log <i>N</i>) transfers, range queries in O(log <i>N</i> + <i>L/B</i>) transfers, and insertions in amortized <i>O</i>((log <i>N</i>)/<i>B</i>) transfers, matching the bounds for a (cache-aware) buffered repository tree. A partially deamortized COLA matches these bounds but reduces the worst-case insertion cost to <i>O</i>(log <i>N</i>) if memory size <i>M</i> = Ω(log <i>N</i>). We also present a cache-aware version of the COLA, the <b><i>lookahead array</i></b>, which achieves the same bounds as Brodal and Fagerberg's (cache-aware) B<sup>ε</sup>-tree. We compare our COLA implementation to a traditional B-tree. Our COLA implementation runs 790 times faster for random inser-tions, 3.1 times slower for insertions of sorted data, and 3.5 times slower for searches.
The challenge of measuring E-Iearning quality: some ideas from He!

: This paper discusses the concept of e-Ieaming quality, critically reviews current practice in measuring e-leaming quality and suggests several Human Computer Interaction (HCI) methods that can be used to measure the usability of e-Ieaming. Usability evaluation and user-centred design are seen as essential to ensure e-Ieaming quality. Several of these methods were used to evaluate the quality of a web design tutorial developed at the University of Port Elizabeth (UPE).
Conceptual transfer: Using local classifiers for transfer selection

A key challenge for Machine Translation is transfer selection, i.e. to find the right translation for a given word from a set of alternatives (1:n). This problem becomes the more important the larger the dictionary is, as the number of alternatives increases. The contribution presents a novel approach for transfer selection, called conceptual transfer, where selection is done using classifiers based on the conceptual context of a translation candidate on the source language side. Such classifiers are built automatically by parallel corpus analysis: Creating subcorpora for each translation of a 1:n package, and identifying correlating concepts in these subcorpora as features of the classifier. The resulting resource can easily be linked to transfer components of MT systems as it does not depend on internal analysis structures. Tests show that conceptual transfer outperforms the selection techniques currently used in operational MT systems.
Controller Failure Analysis for T-S Fuzzy Systems with Time-Varying Delay via a Switched Approach

This paper deals with the problem of controller failure analysis for T-S fuzzy systems with time-varying delay. The T-S fuzzy systems can be stabilized by a pre-designed state feedback controller. Our objective is to establish conditions concerning controller failure time and frequency, under which the systems still keep exponentially stable. Based on piecewise Lyapunov functional method, exponential stability of such systems is guaranteed. All the results are presented in terms of linear matrix inequalities (LMIs). An example is provided to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed technique.
Improvement in TF-IDF scheme for Web pages based on the contents of their hyperlinked neighboring pages

The TF-IDF scheme is widely used to characterize documents in an information retrieval (IR) system based on the vector space model. However, for documents having a hyperlink structure such as Web pages, the Web page contents can be characterized more accurately by using the contents of hyperlinked neighboring pages. Therefore, in this paper, we propose several techniques for using the contents of hyperlinked neighboring pages to improve the TF-IDF scheme for Web pages and then verify the effectiveness of our techniques. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Syst Comp Jpn, 36(14): 56–68, 2005; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/scj.20189
Analysis of Soil Nutrient Content Characteristic for Inductive Transformed Low-Quality Forest in Greater Higgnan Mountains

In This paper, the miscellaneous tree low-quality forest and Oak low-quality forest in the Greater Hinggan Mountains region were transformed inductively by planting Siberian Korean pine, Mongolica, and Larch, respectively. With the method of using different bandwidth and gap area, the soil nutrient characteristics were changed. The results indicated that the pH of soil increased slightly by different ways of induced transformation, but the variance was not significant (P﹤0.05). After reforming the induced soil organic matter content was balanced, while the basic content of hydrolysable nitrogen increased, and the availiable phosphorus decreased. Soil rapidly-available potassium content in Oak coppice was reduced but raised in the region of secondary performed miscellaneous wood. The variation coefficient of Siberia Korean pine was the largest with different soil pH value of various bandwidth and soil nutrient content (except for availiable phosphorus). Content of soil organic matter and hydrolysis nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium content are significantly positive correlated. At the same time, clear-cutting bandwidth and soil organic matter and hydrolysis nitrogen content are significantly negative correlated. During the transformation of forest gap in the sunny and shady slope, smaller area of forest gap owed the larger soil nutrient content. Generally, soil nutrient content in sunny slope is higher than the shady one.
Lysosome-Membrane Fusion Mediated Superoxide Production in Hyperglycaemia-Induced Endothelial Dysfunction

Lysosomal exocytosis and fusion to cellular membrane is critical in the oxidative stress formation of endothelium under apoptotic stimulus. We investigated the role therein of it in hyperglycaemia-induced endothelial dysfunction. The lysosome-membrane fusion was shown by the expression of lamp1, the lysosomal membrane marker, on cellular membrane and the transportation of lysosomal symbolic enzymes into cultural medium. We also examined the ceramide production, lipid rafts (LRs) clustering, colocalization of gp91phox, a NADPH oxidase subunit (NOX) to LRs clusters, superoxide (O2 . -) formation and nitric oxide (NO) content in human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVEC) and the endothelium-dependent NO-mediated vasodilation in isolated rat aorta. As compared to normal glucose (5.6 mmol/l, Ctrl) incubation, high glucose (22 mmol/l, HG) exposure facilitated the lysosome-membrane fusion in HUVEC shown by significantly increased quantity of lamp1 protein on cellular membrane and enhanced activity of lysosomal symbolized enzymes in cultural medium. HG incubation also elicited ceramide generation, LRs clustering and gp91phox colocalization to LRs clusters which were proved to mediate the HG induced O2 . - formation and NO depletion in HUVEC. Functionally, the endothelium-dependent NO-mediated vasodilation in aorta was blunted substantially after HG incubation. Moreover, the HG-induced effect including ceramide production, LRs clustering, gp91phox colocalization to LRs clusters, O2 . - formation and endothelial dysfunction could be blocked significantly by the inhibition of lysosome-membrane fusion. We propose that hyperglycaemia-induced endothelial impairment is closely related to the lysosome-membrane fusion and the following LRs clustering, LRs-NOX platforms formation and O2 . - production.