Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Universally optimal privacy mechanisms for minimax agents

A scheme that publishes aggregate information about sensitive data must resolve the trade-off between utility to information consumers and privacy of the database participants. Differential privacy [5] is a well-established definition of privacy--this is a universal guarantee against all attackers, whatever their side-information or intent. Can we have a similar universal guarantee for utility? There are two standard models of utility considered in decision theory: Bayesian and minimax [13]. Ghosh et. al. [8] show that a certain "geometric mechanism" gives optimal utility to all Bayesian information consumers. In this paper, we prove a similar result for minimax information consumers. Our result also works for a wider class of information consumers which includes Bayesian information consumers and subsumes the result from [8]. We model information consumers as minimax (risk-averse) agents, each endowed with a loss-function which models their tolerance to inaccuracies and each possessing some side-information about the query. Further, information consumers are rational in the sense that they actively combine information from the mechanism with their side-information in a way that minimizes their loss. Under this assumption of rational behavior, we show that for every fixed count query, the geometric mechanism is universally optimal for all minimax information consumers. Additionally, our solution makes it possible to release query results, when information consumers are at different levels of privacy, in a collusion-resistant manner.
Analgesic Effect of Low Dose Subcutaneous Ketamine Administration Before and After Cesarean Section

Background: Pain is considered as an importantissue after cesarean section. Multimodal approach to post cesarean pain management may not only enhance analgesia but also reduce side effects after the surgery. Objectives: This study was aimed to evaluate the clinical efficacy of subcutaneous injection of low dose ketamine at the incision site to reduce cesarean section pain. Patients and Methods: Sixty patients, aged between 18 and 25 years old, scheduled for elective cesarean section, were enrolled to this double-blind randomized controlled trial study. Patients were divided into three groups of 20 patients each group one (k-pre) received 0.5 mg/kg ketamine before skin incision and normal saline after skin closure, group two (k-post) received normal saline before skin incision and 0.5 mg/kg ketamine after skin closure and group three (C) received normal saline before skin incision and after skin closure; subcutaneously at the incision site. The first analgesic request, the amount of analgesic and the pain intensity were evaluated for 24 hours. Results: The first time analgesic requested was longer and the amount of analgesic used during the first 24 hours was significantly lower in groups K-pre and K-post compared with group C (P < 0.05). Pain intensity was significantly lower at 2, 4, 6 and 12 hours in groups K-pre and K-post compared with group C (P < 0.05). Nevertheless, pain intensity was not significantly different at 18 and 24 hours in group C (P > 0.05). The first requested time, total used amount of analgesicand pain intensity were not meaningfully different in K-pre and K-post groups (P > 0.05). Conclusions: Patients who were given ketamine before or after cesarean section subcutaneously at incision site had lower pain intensity and less analgesic consumption than patients who were given placebo.
Inactivation of Protein-tyrosine Phosphatases as Mechanism of UV-induced Signal Transduction*

UV irradiation of cells causes ligand-independent activation of receptor tyrosine kinases. On the basis of dephosphorylation kinetics, UV-induced inactivation of receptor-directed tyrosine phosphatases (PTP) has been proposed as the mechanism of receptor activation (Knebel, A., Rahmsdorf, H. J., Ullrich, A., and Herrlich, P. (1996) EMBO J. 15, 5314–5325). Here we show that four defined protein-tyrosine phosphatases (PTPs), SHP-1, RPTPα, RPTPς, and DEP-1, are partially inactivated upon UV irradiation of PTP-overexpressing cells. The dephosphorylation of coexpressed platelet-derived growth factor β (PDGFβ) receptor by RPTPα is inhibited upon UV irradiation. UV converts RPTPα into a substrate-trapping enzyme which can coprecipitate PDGFβ receptor, similarly to the PTP mutant at the active-center cysteine: C433S. In agreement with the proposed mechanism that inactivation of PTPs accounts for receptor tyrosine kinase activation, no evidence for a UV-induced receptor cross-linking could be obtained in PDGFβ receptor-enriched membrane micelle preparations and in PDGFβ receptor overexpressing 293 cells. The intrinsic activity of PDGFβ receptor kinase was required for the UV-induced enhancement of receptor phosphorylation, but was not changed upon UV irradiation. The data support a mechanism of UV-induced signal transduction involving inactivation of PTPs through an unknown reactive intermediate that oxidizes the conserved cysteine in the active sites of PTPs.
Estimating Mutual Information in Under-Reported Variables

Under-reporting occurs in survey data when there is a reason to systematically misreport the response to a question. For example, in studies dealing with low birth weight infants, the smoking habits of the mother are very likely to be misreported. This creates problems for calculating effect sizes, such as bias, but these problems are commonly ignored due to lack of generally accepted solutions. We reinterpret this as a problem of learning from missing data, and particularly learning from positive and unlabelled data. By this formalisation we provide a simple method to incorporate prior knowledge of the misreporting and we present how we can use this knowledge to derive corrected point and interval estimates of the mutual information. Then we show how our corrected estimators outperform more complex approaches and we present applications of our theoretical results in real world problems and machine learning tasks.
NTP-CERHR expert panel report on the reproductive and developmental toxicity of soy formula.

The National Toxicology Program (NTP) and the National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences (NIEHS) established the NTP Center for the Evaluation of Risks to Human Reproduction (CERHR) in June 1998. The purpose of the Center is to provide timely, unbiased, scientifically sound evaluations of human and experimental evidence for adverse effects on reproduction and development caused by agents to which humans may be exposed.
Estimating the Burden of Irritable Bowel Syndrome: Analysis of a Nationwide Korean Database

Background/Aims Management of irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) imposes a heavy economic burden. This study was to estimate the epidemiologic features of IBS and to report the IBS burden for the first time in the Korean population. Methods A cross-sectional study was conducted using the National Health Insurance (NHI) system database, which covers the entire population of Korea. IBS was defined as diagnostic code −10 in adults with any outpatient clinic visits or hospitalization related to IBS. We excluded diseases that mimic IBS symptoms. Results A total of 2.42 million (58.2% female) individuals were identified as patients with IBS, yielding an age- and gender-adjusted prevalence of 5.1% in males and 6.9% in females. The prevalence of IBS increased proportionally with age, with higher medical costs in middle-aged patients. Outpatient clinics were visited by 98.6% of IBS patients, and 1.9% were treated upon admission. Of these patients, 87.6% were given a prescription. Co-morbidities that commonly accompanied IBS included upper gastrointestinal (36.1%), respiratory (12.3%), musculoskeletal (8.0%) disease, somatoform (4.3%) and depression/anxiety disorders (3.1%). The NHI costs of IBS, which include the NHI covered cost and beneficiary copayment charges, were estimated to be 155 million USD, which accounts for 0.46% of the total NHI costs for the entire Korean population. Conclusions According to the Korean national claims database, about 6% of the Korean population seeks medical care for IBS at least once per year. This high prevalence places a large economic burden on the Korean healthcare system, accounting for 0.46% of overall national medical expenditure.
Generality, Specificity And Discovery

This paper offers a meta-theory concerning the relation between the general and the specific in science. This issue was recently called back to attention by Hodgson (2001). A heuristic of discovery, developed in earlier work (Nooteboom 1992, 1996, 1999b, 2000a), is used in an attempt to contribute to an understanding and a resolution of the tension between generality and specificity. That tension can be resolved if we look at general theory and specific conditions (or data, experience) not as separate entities or approaches that one has to choose from, in a static perspective, thus choosing to be a generalist or an empiricist, but as complementary, in a dynamic, dialectical process of theory development, in the process of discovery. The paper argues that there is an alternation of the general and the specific, in an ongoing cycle of formation and application of theory. Generalisation and abstraction are necessary to lift experience from specific contexts and carry it into new contexts with their own specificity. That, in turn, is needed for the theory to face failure and collect the experience that will lead to new generalisation. In the face of failure, adaptations are made to the specific context, in differentiation, and hints are found for novel specific elements to be absorbed, which yields hybridisation. This exerts pressure, and provides the material and the directions, to develop a new unity out of novel combinations, and we are back at the beginning of the cycle.
A deep wide-field sub-mm survey of the Carina Nebula complex

Context. The Great Nebula in Carina is one of the most massive (M�; total >25 000 M�) star-forming complexes in our Galaxy and contains several stars with (initial) masses exceeding �100 M�; it is therefore a superb location in which to study the physi cs of violent massive star-formation and the resulting feedback effects, including cloud dispersal and triggered star-format ion. Aims. We aim to reveal the cold dusty clouds in the Carina Nebula complex, to determine their morphology and masses, and to study the interaction of the luminous massive stars with these clouds. Methods. We used the Large APEX Bolometer Camera LABOCA at the APEX tel escope to map a 1: 25 � � 1: 25 � (b 50� 50 pc 2 ) region at 870� m with 18 00 angular resolution (= 0.2 pc at the distance of the Carina Nebula) and an r.m.s. noise level of�20 mJy/beam.
Temperature effect on electric vehicle battery cycle life in Vehicle-to-grid applications

Electric vehicles (EVs) can form a massive energy storage system (referred as Vehicle-to-grid, V2G) in electrical power system, charging during low demand times and discharging when power is in need and prices are high, with consequences of reduced peak load, system reliability improvement, CO2 emission reduction and economic benefits. Regulators, policy analysts, utility companies and EV owners have been debating the merits of using EVs as mass energy storages in power system operation. At the core of this debate is the cost and benefits of EV batteries in V2G application. The paper analyses three types of EV batteries: lead-acid, lithium-ion and NiMH, which have been the top three contending technologies for EV batteries due to a combination of performance capability, safety, life and cost. Simulation studies were carried out based on applications in China. Numerical results show that ambient temperature plays a crucial role in the cost of battery wear; consequently the cost of EV participating in V2G in summer is much greater than that in any other season. An increase in ambient temperature results in reduced EV battery cycle life. Results also show that given current vehicle battery costs and current utility electricity tariff structure in China, no EV would be cost-effective as peak power resources. However, lithium-ion based EVs have the greatest potential for V2G due to its long lifetime and lower sensitivity to ambient temperature. The results presented in this paper can be a reference for the policy maker to stipulate incentives encouraging EVs to participate in V2G application.
The Arabidopsis thaliana Transcription Factor AtMYB102 Functions in Defense Against The Insect Herbivore Pieris rapae

In Arabidopsis thaliana the R2R3-MYB transcription factor family consists of over 100 members and is implicated in many biological processes, such as plant development, metabolism, senescence, and defense. The R2R3-MYB transcription factor gene AtMYB102 has been shown to respond to salt stress, ABA, JA, and wounding, suggesting that AtMYB102 plays a role in the response of plants to dehydration after wounding. Here, we studied the role of AtMYB102 in the response of A. thaliana to feeding by larvae of the white cabbage butterfly Pieris rapae. A. thaliana reporter lines expressing GUS under control of the AtMYB102 promoter revealed that AtMYB102 is expressed locally at the feeding sites of herbivore-damaged leaves, but not systemically in uninfested plant parts. Knockout AtMYB102 transposon-insertion mutant plants (myb102) allowed a faster development of P. rapae caterpillars than wild-type Col-0 plants. Moreover, the number of caterpillars that had developed into pupae within 14 days was significantly higher on myb102, indicating that in wild-type plants AtMYB102 contributes to basal resistance against P. rapae feeding. Microarray analysis of wild-type Col-0 and AtMYB102 over-expressing 35S::MYB102 plants revealed a large number of differentially expressed genes. Besides several defense-related genes, a relatively large number of genes is associated with cell wall modifications.
Introduction à la psychiatrie génétique: Progrès vers la découverte des gènes de susceptibilité aux troubles psychiatriques

Les progrès récents de la génétique humaine laissent entrevoir des retombées majeures pour la pra t ique clinique, y compris en psychiatrie. Le but de cet ar ti cle est de familiariser le lecteur avec les méthodes de re cher che utilisées en psychiatrie génétique et d'en illustrer l'application, afin de mieux comprendre les défis auxquels fait face la psychiatrie génétique ainsi que les stratégies utilisées pour les relever. Nous réviserons les preuves de la participation de facteurs génétiques à l'étiologie des troub les psychiatriques et nous examinerons la spécificité et non-spécificité de leur ex pres sion. Nous évoquerons les difficultés liées à la précision imparfaite des méthodes diagnostiques, à la pénétrance incomplète des trou bles psychiatriques, à leur hétérogénéité génétique, à la présence de phénocopies et finalement à l'incertitude quant au mode de trans mis sion des trou bles psychiatriques. Finalement, nous donnerons un aperçu des résultats les plus prometteurs et dégagerons les priorités pour les études à venir.
Factors Affecting the Cellulolytic Activity of Rumen Contents

The cellulolytic activity of rumen contents was assayed by measuring losses in weight and tensile strength of cotton yarn incubated in rumen contents in the presence of dietary additives (barley, tallow) and at different pH values. The addition of barley depressed cellulolysis and the titer of filter paper-degrading bacteria only if the pH was allowed to fall. Lowering the pH from 7.0 to 6.0 by addition of HCl almost completely inhibited attack of cotton and greatly reduced the titer of filter paper-degrading bacteria. The layering of tallow on cotton inhibited attack of cotton but did not decrease the titer of filter paper-degrading bacteria. The results are discussed with special reference to the importance of the study of cellulosic substrates, which require a known enzyme or mixture of enzymes for attack.
Semiologie et grammatologie

Trois livres d'une visée particulièrement profonde ont imposé récemment une pensée dont l'intérêt pour la sémiologie nous semble capital : celle de Jacques Derrida. L'écriture et la différence (Paris, Éd. du Seuil, collection Tel Quel, 1967), De la grammatologle (Paris, Éd. de Minuit, collection Critique, 1967), La voix et le phénomène (Paris, P.U.F., Collection Épimé thée, 1967) ouvrent un nouvel espace de réflexion sur le signe, ses présupposés et ses procédés, et par conséquent, sur la sémiofogie ainsi que sur la science en général. Pour mieux présenter. en résumant, les lignes de force de ces livres qui contestent une certaine étape de la sémiologie. mais qui tracent aussi, en avant d'elle, de nouvelles perspectives, nous avons posé à Jacques Derrida quelques questions qui nous ont paru être une première approche de l'essen tiel de sa réflexion. On lira ici les réponses de l'auteur. Remarquons que la rigueur de la problématique soulevée par Jacques Derrida suscite et, sans doute, provoquera des questiolls et des discussions sur les fondements théoriques de la sémiologie et plus particulièrement sur le modèle du signe qui définit sa démarche. "Recherches sémiotiques" ouvrira les pages de ses prochains numéros à un tel débat.
The sub-national embeddedness of international HRM

This article argues that international human resource management has failed to examine adequately the relations between multinational corporations (MNCs) and the geographies they operate in at sub-national levels. In particular, it needs to go much further in integrating insights from literatures on changing levels of governance, the role of sub-national sites of regulation in the creation and transmission of knowledge, and the geographical and organizational fragmentation of production. In reviewing these literatures alongside relevant contributions within international human resource management, it develops a research agenda by which the degree and nature of sub-national embeddedness of MNCs, and their effects on sub-national business and employment systems, can be analysed.
An agglomeration multigrid method for unstructured grids

A new agglomeration multigrid method is proposed in this paper for general unstructured grids. By a proper local agglomeration of finite elements, a nested sequence of finite dimensional subspaces are obtained by taking appropriate linear combinations of the basis functions from previous level of space. Our algorithm seems to be able to solve, for example, the Poisson equation discretized on any shape-regular finite element grids with nearly optimal complexity. In this paper, we discuss a multilevel method applied to problems on general unstructured grids. We will describe an approach for designing a multilevel method for the solution of large systems of linear algebraic equations, arising from finite element discretizations on unstructured grids. Our interest will be focused on the performance of an agglomeration multigrid method for unstructured grids. One approach of constructing coarse spaces is based on generating node-nested coarse grids, which are created by selecting subsets of a vertex set, retriangulating the subset, and using piecewise linear interpolation between the grids (see [8, 5]). This still provides an automatic way of generating coarse grids and faster implementations of the interpolation in O(n) time. The drawback is that in three dimensions, retetrahedralization can be problematic. Another effective coarsening strategy has been proposed by Bank and Xu [1]. It uses the geometrical coordinates of the fine grid and the derefinement algorithm is based on the specified patterns of fine grid elements. The interpolation between grids is done by interpolating each fine grid node using only 2 coarse grid nodes. As a consequence of that the fill-in in the coarse grid matrices is reasonably small. The hierarchy of spaces is defined by interpolating the basis. Recently a new approach, known as auxiliary space method, was proposed by Xu [16]. In this method only one non-nested (auxiliary) grid is created and then all consecutive grids are nested. This can be done by using as auxiliary grid a uniform
Concerns about appearing prejudiced: Implications for anxiety during daily interracial interactions

We investigated the relationship between Whites’ and ethnic minorities’ concerns about appearing prejudiced and anxiety during daily interracial interactions. College roommate pairs completed an individual difference measure of concerns about appearing prejudiced at the beginning of the semester. Then they completed measures of anxiety and perceptions of their roommates’ anxiety-related behaviors for 15 days. Results indicated that among interracial roommate pairs, Whites’ and ethnic minorities’ concerns about appearing prejudiced were related to their self-reported anxiety on a daily basis; but this was not the case among same-race roommate pairs. In addition, among interracial roommate pairs, roommates who were concerned about appearing prejudiced began to “leak” their anxiety towards the end of the diary period, as indicated by their out-group roommate who perceived their anxious behaviors as increasing across time, and who consequently liked them less. The implications of these findings for intergroup relations are discussed in this article.
Successful Radiofrequency Catheter Ablation of Left Ventricular Tachycardia Following Surgical Correction of Tetralogy of Fallot

A 13‐year‐old boy had recurrent ventricular tachycardia following surgical correction of tetralogy of Fallot. Pharmacological management with multiple an‐tiarrhythmic drugs failed, and the patient underwent electrophysiological evaluation. A reentrant tachycardia involving a slowly conducting region in the left ventricular outflow tract was demonstrated. We performed radiofrequency catheter ablation after identifying the essential components of the reentrant circuit. The ventricular tachycardia could no longer be induced and did not recur spontaneously during a 13‐month follow‐up.
The Internet of Multimedia Nano-Things in the Terahertz Band

Nanotechnology is providing the engineering community with a new set of tools to design and manufacture advanced devices which are able to generate, process and transmit multimedia content at the nanoscale. The wireless interconnection of pervasively deployed multimedia nano-devices with existing communication networks and ultimately the Internet defines a truly cyber physical system which is further referred to as the Internet of Multimedia Nano-things (IoMNT). This paper discusses the state of the art and major research challenges in the realization of this novel networking paradigm, which has innumerable applications in the biomedical, defense, environmental and industrial fields. Fundamental research challenges and future research trends are outlined in terms of multimedia data and signal processing, Terahertz channel modeling for communication among nano-things, and protocols for the Internet of Multimedia Nano-Things. These include novel medium access control techniques, addressing schemes, neighbor discovery and routing mechanisms, a novel QoS-aware cross-layer communication module, and novel security solutions for the IoMNT.
PCR Detection Method of Clostridium scindens and C. hiranonis in Human Fecal Samples

Clostridium scindens and C. hiranonis have high bile acid 7α‐dehydroxylating activity. Direct PCR and nested PCR with the specific primers for C. scindens and C. hiranonis were developed and tested for the detection of them in human fecal samples. Nested PCR detected C. scindens in all samples, but direct PCR detected it in 27 of 34 samples. Regarding C. hiranonis, nested PCR detected it in only 18 of 34 samples although nested PCR has a high level of sensitivity. Nested PCR was a specific and sensitive method for the detection of C. scindens and C. hiranonis in fecal samples.