Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Acoustoelectric properties of graphene under the influence of saw and external electric field

The effect of SAW on the electrical properties of the few-layer (2-3 layers) graphene is studied. Under the influence of SAW the appearence of acoustoelectric current IAEC in graphene is observed. The sign and magnitude of the induced IAEC in graphene conditioned by magnitude and direction of the electromagnetic fields induced by SAW and an external electric field. When the direction of SAW and Vbias is the same IAEC amplified, when at the opposite direction IAEC are reduced in result of the interaction of these fields with each other. As a result of the measurement of the induced acoustoelectric (IAEC) current in graphene under the influence of a surface acoustic wave (SAW) the fluctuation nature of acoustoelectric current in the area of electrical neutrality is established at low voltages of an external bias (Vbias) applied on a graphene. The fluctuation character of the IAEC is manifested in all cases of measurements depending on the action of SAW and Vbias near the point of electrical neutrality. Chaotic fluctuation potential of graphene in the area of electrical neutrality is enhanced by the action of SAW that allows observing it in real conditions of the experiment at room temperature in air. The magnitude of IAEC depends on the power of SAW, while there is a parabolic dependence of the induced IAEC on the amplification current of SAW power (ISAW). The parabolic dependence of IAEC on ISAW explained by specific relaxation of acoustic phonons of the piezocrystallical substrate, which is dominant in the process of electronphonon scattering in graphene and acoustoelectric current induction in it. For large magnitudes of Vbias strict linear dependence of the IAEC on Vbias is observed. Large Vbias effectively suppress the appearance of the fluctuation potential of electrons and holes. The ability to control the magnitude and direction of IAEC induced in graphene by SAW is of practical importance.
An Alternate Pathway for Recruiting Template RNA to the Brome Mosaic Virus RNA Replication Complex

ABSTRACT The multidomain RNA replication protein 1a of brome mosaic virus (BMV), a positive-strand RNA virus in the alphavirus-like superfamily, plays key roles in assembly and function of the viral RNA replication complex. 1a, which encodes RNA capping and helicase-like domains, localizes to endoplasmic reticulum membranes, recruits BMV 2a polymerase and viral RNA templates, and forms membrane-bound, capsid-like spherules in which RNA replication occurs. cis-acting signals necessary and sufficient for RNA recruitment by 1a have been mapped in BMV genomic RNA2 and RNA3. Both signals comprise an extended stem-loop whose apex matches the conserved sequence and structure of the TΨC stem-loop in tRNAs (box B). Mutations show that this box B motif is crucial to 1a responsiveness of wild-type RNA2 and RNA3. We report here that, unexpectedly, some chimeric mRNAs expressing the 2a polymerase open reading frame from RNA2 were recruited by 1a to the replication complex and served as templates for negative-strand RNA synthesis, despite lacking the normally essential, box B-containing 5′ signal. Further studies showed that this template recruitment required high-efficiency translation of the RNA templates. Moreover, multiple small frameshifting insertion or deletion mutations throughout the N-terminal region of the open reading frame inhibited this template recruitment, while an in-frame insertion did not. Providing 2a in trans did not restore template recruitment of RNAs with frameshift mutations. Only those deletions in the N-terminal region of 2a that abolished 2a interaction with 1a abolished template recruitment of the RNA. These and other results indicate that this alternate pathway for 1a-dependent RNA recruitment involves 1a interaction with the translating mRNA via the 1a-interactive N-terminal region of the nascent 2a polypeptide. Interaction with nascent 2a also may be involved in 1a recruitment of 2a polymerase to membranes.
The contribution of proteomics towards deciphering the enigma of Coxiella burnetii

Coxiella burnetii, the causative agent of Q fever, is an intracellular bacterium and a potential weapon for bioterrorism. The widespread throughout the world, zoonosis is manifested clinically as a self‐limited febrile illness, as pneumonia (acute Q fever) or as a chronic illness with endocarditis being its major complication. The recent Netherlands Q fever outbreak has driven the bacterium from a relatively cryptic, underappreciated, “niche” microorganism on the sideline of bacteriology, to one of possibly great impact on public health. Advances in the study of this microorganism proceeded slowly, primarily due to the, until recently, obligatory intracellular nature of the pathogen that in its virulent phase I must be manipulated under biosafety level‐3 conditions. Proteomic studies, in particular, have generated a vast amount of information concerning several aspects of the bacterium such as virulence factors, detection/diagnostic and immunogenic biomarkers, inter‐/intraspecies variation, resistance to antibiotics, and secreted effector proteins with significant clinical impact. The phenomenon observed following the genomics era, that of generation and accumulation of huge amount of data that ultimately end up unexploited on several databases, begins to emerge in the proteomics field as well. This review will focus on the advances in the field of C. burnetii proteomics through MS, attempting in parallel to utilize some of the proteomics findings by suggesting future directions for the improvement of Q fever diagnosis and therapy.
Mechanisms for Solvent Tolerance in Bacteria*

The development of tolerance in Pseudomonas putida DOT-T1 to toluene and related highly toxic compounds involves short- and long-term responses. The short-term response is based on an increase in the rigidity of the cell membrane by rapid transformation of the fatty acid cis-9,10-methylene hexadecanoic acid (C17:cyclopropane) to unsaturated 9-cis-hexadecenoic acid (C16:1,9 cis) and subsequent transformation to the trans isomer. The long-term response involves in addition to the changes in fatty acids, alterations in the level of the phospholipid polar head groups: cardiolipin increases and phosphatidylethanolamine decreases. The two alterations lead to increased cell membrane rigidity and should be regarded as physical mechanisms that prevent solvent penetrance. Biochemical mechanisms that decrease the concentration of toluene in the cell membrane also take place and involve: (i) a solvent exclusion system and (ii) metabolic removal of toluene via oxidation. Mutants unable to carry out cis → trans isomerization of unsaturated lipids, that exhibit altered cell envelopes because of the lack of the OprL protein, or that are unable to exclude toluene from cell membranes are hypersensitive to toluene.
The Secondary Structure of the Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 Transcript Modulates Viral Splicing and Infectivity

ABSTRACT Splicing of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) exon 6D is regulated by the presence of a complex splicing regulatory element (SRE) sequence that interacts with the splicing factors hnRNP H and SC35. In this work, we show that, in the context of the wild-type viral sequence, hnRNP H acts as a repressor of exon 6D inclusion independent of its binding to the SRE. However, hnRNP H binding to the SRE acts as an enhancer of exon 6D inclusion in the presence of a critical T-to-C mutation. These seemingly contrasting functional properties of hnRNP H appear to be caused by a change in the RNA secondary structure induced by the T-to-C mutation that affects the spatial location of bound hnRNP H with respect to the exon 6D splicing determinants. We propose a new regulatory mechanism mediated by RNA folding that may also explain the dual properties of hnRNP H in splicing regulation.
Single-Leg Squat Performance in Active Adolescents Aged 8–17 Years

Abstract Agresta, CE, Church, C, Henley, J, Duer, T, and O'Brien, K. Single-leg squat performance in active adolescents aged 8–17 years. J Strength Cond Res 31(5): 1187–1191, 2017—More than 30 million U.S. adolescents participate in sport and exercise. Lower extremity injury from sport participation accounts for up to 89% of injuries each year. The single-leg squat (SLS) is a simple clinical tool that assesses lower extremity mechanics often associated with injury risk. To date, there is limited information regarding SLS performance in healthy children. Such information could be useful when assessing youth athletes to determine if mechanics demonstrated are different than is to be expected and puts them at the risk for injury. Furthermore, maturity status is thought to influence motor performance. Currently, there is no information regarding the influence of maturity status on SLS performance in adolescents. The purpose of our study was to determine SLS performance in relation to age and maturity level in adolescents. Forty-five children aged 8–17 years were videotaped performing a series of 10 squats using a standardized protocol. Standing height, seated height, and leg length measures were collected. Investigators scored the SLS test using specific scoring criteria. Adolescents were categorized into 3 maturity levels using a peak height velocity calculation. Multiple linear regression analyses and analysis of variance were used to analyze the data. Chronological age was a significant predictor of SLS performance with younger children having poorer SLS scores. Coaches and trainers should consider the chronological age of the youth athlete when assessing SLS performance. Furthermore, tailored training programs by age may help to address faulty areas, like single-leg stability, and improve overall functional performance.
Comparison of Skeletal and Soft-Tissue Changes following Unilateral Mandibular Distraction Osteogenesis

Background: The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between soft-tissue and underlying skeletal structures before and after unilateral mandibular distraction osteogenesis. Methods: The sample consisted of 11 patients (three girls and eight boys) with an average age of 4.6 years at the time of treatment. All patients had unilateral craniofacial microsomia (four right-sided and seven left-sided unilateral craniofacial microsomia) and all underwent unilateral mandibular distraction osteogenesis. Measurements were performed on frontal medical photographs and posteroanterior cephalograms at predistraction (time 1) and postdistraction (time 2) periods. Left and right ramus heights, skeletal midline deviation, and transverse occlusal plane were measured on the posteroanterior cephalograms and compared with the linear distances between the lip commissures and the orbital plane, the circumference of both sides of the faces, and the angulation of the oral commissure plane as recorded on the medical photographs, respectively. To reduce magnification error, ratios of affected to less affected sides of the mandibles and soft-tissue facial structures were selected and studied. Results: A similar relationship was observed between soft-tissue and skeletal components. However, there was no 1:1 relationship between the changes in ramus height and improvement in parallelism of lip commissures to the orbital plane. Conclusions: A significant improvement in soft- and hard-tissue anatomy has been observed following unilateral distraction osteogenesis of the mandible. The relationship between the soft-tissue and skeletal correction was different for all patients because of the large range in severity of the craniofacial malformation. Greater skeletal deficiency requires more correction to achieve symmetry of both hard and soft tissue.
The role of magnetic helicity transport in nonlinear galactic dynamos

We consider the magnetic helicity balance for the galactic dynamo in the framework of the local dynamo problem, as well as in the no-z model (which includes explicitly the radial distribution of the magnetic elds). When calculating the magnetic helicity balance we take into account the redistribution of the small-scale and large-scale magnetic elds between the magnetic helicities, as well as magnetic helicity transport and diusion due to small- scale turbulence. We demonstrate that the magnetic helicity flux through the galactic disc boundaries leads to a steady-state magnetic eld with magnetic energy comparable to the equipartition energy of the turbulent motions of the interstellar medium. If such flux is ignored, the steady-state magnetic eld is found to be much smaller than the equipartition eld. The total magnetic helicity flux through the boundaries consists of both an advective flux and a diusive flux. The exact ratio of these contributions seems not to be crucial for determining the strength of the steady-state magnetic eld and its structure. However at least some diusive contribution is needed to smooth the magnetic helicity prole near to the disc boundaries. The roles of various transport coecients for magnetic helicity are investigated, and the values which lead to magnetic eld congurations comparable with those observed are determined.
Entkerner: A System for Removal of Globally Invisible Triangles from Large Meshes

We present a method that computes a global potentially visible set for the complete region outside the convex hull of an object. The technique is used to remove invisible parts (triangles) from complex tessellated CAD models. Such optimizations are required to achieve interactive frame rates for the visual exploration of huge data sets on graphics workstations. Our algorithm is subdivided into three stages. At the first step the the tesselated object is rendered with OpenGL from various camera positions to detect visible triangles very fast. A hardware-accelerated hemicube test is applied as the second stage, marking all triangles that can directly exchange energy with an infinitely distant environment. Finally, a Monte Carlo ray tracing pass is applied to each remaining triangle, sampling its visibility with arbitrary accuracy. All invisible triangles are completely removed from the mesh. It is therefore not necessary to store visibility information, allowing the reduced mesh to be processed and displayed by any software.
Transthyretin: a multifaceted protein

Abstract Transthyretin is a highly conserved homotetrameric protein, mainly synthetized by the liver and the choroid plexus of brain. The carrier role of TTR is well-known; however, many other functions have emerged, namely in the nervous system. Behavior, cognition, neuropeptide amidation, neurogenesis, nerve regeneration, axonal growth and 14-3-3ζ metabolism are some of the processes where TTR has an important role. TTR aggregates are responsible for many amyloidosis such as familial amyloidotic polyneuropathy and cardiomyopathy. Normal TTR can also aggregate and deposit in the heart of old people and in preeclampsia placental tissue. Differences in TTR levels have been found in several neuropathologies, but its neuroprotective role, until now, was described in ischemia and Alzheimer’s disease. The aim of this review is to stress the relevance of TTR, besides its well-known role on transport of thyroxine and retinol-binding protein.
Higher Topos Theory

This purpose of this book is twofold: to provide a general introduction to higher category theory (using the formalism of "quasicategories" or "weak Kan complexes"), and to apply this theory to the study of higher versions of Grothendieck topoi. A few applications to classical topology are included.
Dentin Noncollagenous Matrix Proteins in Familial Hypophosphatemic Rickets

Familial hypophosphatemic rickets is transmitted in most cases as an X-linked dominant trait and results from the mutation of the PHEX gene predominantly expressed in osteoblast and odontoblast. Patients with rickets have been reported to display important dentin defects. Our purpose was to explore the structure, composition and distribution of noncollagenous proteins (NCPs) of hypophosphatemic dentin. We collected teeth from 10 hypophosphatemic patients whose mineralization occurred either in a hypophosphatemic environment or in a corrected phosphate and vitamin environment. Teeth were examined by scanning electron microscopy, immunohistochemistry and Western blot analysis. An abnormal distribution (accumulation in interglobular spaces) and cleavage of the NCPs and particularly of matrix extracellular phosphoglycoprotein were observed in deciduous dentin. In contrast, it was close to normal in permanent dentin mineralized under corrected conditions. In conclusion, dentin mineralization in a corrected phosphate and vitamin D environment compensates the adverse effect of PHEX mutation.
Lentivirus-mediated shRNA targeting Nanog inhibits cell proliferation and attenuates cancer stem cell activities in breast cancer

Abstract Emerging evidences suggest that cancer stem cells (CSCs) are responsible for tumor growth, metastasis and treatment resistance. Nanog is one of the transcription factors that are essential for stem cellular physiology process. Previous studies reported that Nanog was detected in breast cancer and other solid tumors and indicated that it has oncogenic characteristics. However, expression feature of Nanog in breast cancer stem cells (BCSCs) enriched population and its biological function in BCSCs is poorly understood. In this study, CD44 + CD24− fraction sorting with Fluorescence Activated Cell Sorter and mammosphere culture were used for enriching BCSCs. We report here that Nanog was highly expressed in CSCs-enriched population from the breast cancer cells, as well as stemness-associated genes. In addition, we employed the lentivirus-mediated shRNA targeting Nanog to investigate function of Nanog in BCSCs. We found that targeted inhibition of Nanog could suppress proliferation and colony formation in breast cancer cells. Further studies showed that targeted inhibition of Nanog resulted in a decrease of BCSCs activities, including mammosphere formation, CD44 + CD24− proportion and expressions of stemness-associated genes. These data therefore suggest that Nanog possesses important function in BCSCs and targeted inhibition of Nanog may provide a novel means of targeting and eliminating BCSCs.
TEA: Episode Analytics on Short Messages

Twitter is a widely used micro-blogging service, which in recent times, has become a reliable source of happening news around the world [11]. Breaking news are covered in twitter; the magnitude and volumes of tweets reflecting on the nature and intensity of the news. During events, many tweets are posted either expressing sentiments about the event or just about the occurrence of the event. Events related to an entity that have attracted a large number of tweets can be considered significant in the entity’s twitter lifetime. Entity could represent a person, movie, community, electronic gadgets, software products and like wise. In this work, we attempt to automatically detect significant events related to an entity. An episode, is an event of importance; identified by processing the volumes of tweets/posts in a short time. The key features implemented in Tweet Episode Analytics (TEA) system are: (i) detecting episodes among the streaming tweets related to a given entity over a period of time (from the entity’s birth i.e., mention in the tweet world till date), (ii) providing visual analytics (like sentiment scoring and frequency of tweets over time) of each episode through graphical interpretation.
Technical Note - Path-Dependent and Randomized Strategies in Barberis' Casino Gambling Model

We consider the dynamic casino gambling model initially proposed by Barberis (2012) and study the optimal stopping strategy of a precommitting gambler with cumulative prospect theory (CPT) preferences. We illustrate how the strategies computed in Barberis (2012) [Barberis N (2012) A model of casino gambling. Management Sci. 58(1): 35–51. ] can be strictly improved by reviewing the betting history or by tossing an independent coin, and we explain that the improvement generated by using randomized strategies results from the lack of quasi-convexity of CPT preferences. Moreover, we show that any path-dependent strategy is equivalent to a randomization of path-independent strategies.
New enrichment method for isolation of pathogenic Yersinia enterocolitica serogroup O:3 from pork

A new enrichment medium for the recovery of pathogenic Yersinia enterocolitica serogroup O:3 from naturally infected meat products based on three selective agents, Irgasan, ticarcillin, and potassium chlorate (ITC), was compared with several other one- or two-step enrichments. Y. enterocolitica serogroup O:3 was recovered from 96.5% of 29 pork tongues, 24% of 50 ground pork samples, 16% of 25 masseter muscle samples, and 61% of tonsils. ITC was by far the most sensitive method for the recovery of Y. enterocolitica O:3, especially from ground meat and masseter muscles, while cold and two-step enrichments yielded better results for nonpathogenic strains. Plating of ITC enrichments onto SS-deoxycholate-calcium agar gave overall better results than plating onto cefsulodin-Irgasan-novobiocin agar for serogroup O:3.
Visual Neurons in the Pigeon Brain Encode the Acceleration of Stimulus Motion

Seeing target motion is a vital capability of the visual system in humans and animals. Physically, motion is described by its acceleration, speed, and direction. Motion-sensitive neurons in all the visual areas examined to date are selective for the direction and speed of motion. Here, we show by single-unit recording that one-third of motion-sensitive neurons in the pigeon's pretectal nucleus also encode the acceleration of stimulus motion. These neurons are characterized by plateau-shaped speed-tuning curves in which the firing rate is the same over a wide range of speeds, a feature that allows these neurons to encode unambiguously the rate of change of speed over time. Acceleration-sensitive neurons also show transient responses to the offset of motion in the preferred and/or nonpreferred directions; acceleration-insensitive neurons do not. We observed the same sensitivity to target acceleration for brief ramps of stimulus speed and for sinusoidal modulation of speed. The locations of acceleration-sensitive and -insensitive neurons are segregated in the pretectal nucleus. The visual responses of pretectal neurons indicate that the visual and vestibular systems share not only a spatial but also a temporal reference frame that can detect the acceleration produced by self-motion of an organism.