Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
BCS-like critical fluctuations with limited overlap of Cooper pairs in FeSe

In conventional superconductors, very narrow superconducting fluctuation regions are observed above $T_c$ because of the strong overlapping of Cooper pairs in a coherence volume. In the bulk form of iron chalcogenide superconductor FeSe, it is argued that the system may locate in the crossover region of BCS to BEC, indicating a strong superconducting fluctuation. In this respect, we have carried out measurements of magnetization, specific heat and Nernst effect on FeSe single crystals in order to investigate the superconducting fluctuation effect near $T_c$. The region of diamagnetization induced by superconducting fluctuation seems very narrow above $T_c$. The crossing point of temperature dependent magnetization curves measured at different magnetic fields, which appears in many systems of cuprate superconductors and is regarded as indication of strong critical fluctuation, is however absent. The magnetization data can be scaled based on the Ginzburg-Landau fluctuation theory for a quasi-two-dimensional system, but the scaling result cannot be described by the theoretical function of the fluctuation theory because of the limited fluctuation regions. The specific heat jump near $T_c$ is rather sharp without the trace of strong superconducting fluctuation. This is also supported by the Nernst effect measurements which indicate a very limited region for vortex motion above $T_c$. Associated with very small value of Ginzburg number and further analyses, we conclude that the superconducting fluctuation is very weak above $T_c$ in this material. Our results are strongly against the picture of significant phase fluctuation in FeSe single crystals, although the system has a very limited overlapping of Cooper pairs in the coherence volume. This dichotomy provides new insights into the superconducting mechanism when the system is with a dilute superfluid density.
The Final Word on sports podcasts: Audience perceptions of media engagement and news consumption

Sports podcasting has spread rapidly over the past decade and reflects how sports media have been quick to embrace new technologies. Despite being a relatively recent medium, podcasts have expanded the sports field with their format and content. The rise in podcast shows and episodes has been noticeable, but less is known, particularly in an academic context, about the audience's desire for sports news and information. Utilising the audience of The Final Word, a global podcast focusing on cricket, this study will examine perceptions of media engagement and news consumption through a survey of 333 listeners. The Final Word is a popular podcast that has gained critical acclaim for its content and format, and is hosted by two cricket writers, who are based in Australia and the United Kingdom. The findings provide important global insights and descriptive results of the habits and perceptions of listeners in relation to media engagement and news consumption of a journalistic podcast
Colour gradients in cluster ellipticals at z ̃ 1.4: the hidden content of the galaxy central regions

We present F775W-F850LP (rest-frame UV-U) and F850LP-F160W (rest-frame U-R) colour gradients for a sample of 17 elliptical galaxies morphologically selected in the cluster XMMU J2235.3-2557 at $z$=1.39. We detected significant negative (redder inwards) U-R colour gradients in $\sim$70 per cent of the galaxies and flat gradients for the remaining ones. On the other hand, the UV-U gradients are significant positive (bluer inwards) for $\sim$80 per cent of the galaxies and flat for the remaining ones. Using stellar population synthesis models, we found that the behaviour of the two colour gradients cannot be simultaneously explained by a radial variation of age, metallicity and/or dust. The observed U-R gradients are consistent with a metallicity gradient (mean value $\nabla_{Z} =-0.4$) in agreement with the one observed in the local elliptical galaxies. The positive UV-U gradients cannot be explained with age or metallicity variations and imply an excess of UV emission towards the galaxies' central regions.This excess calls into question mechanisms able to efficiently produce UV emission. The data require either steady weak star formation (< 1 M$_\odot$ yr$^{-1}$) or an He-rich population in the cores of these galaxies in order to simultaneously reproduce both the colour gradients. On the contrary, the presence of a QSO cannot account for the observed UV excess on its own. We discuss these hypotheses on the basis of current observations and available models.
E-MPSPNet: Ice-Water SAR Scene Segmentation Based on Multi-Scale Semantic Features and Edge Supervision

Distinguishing sea ice and water is crucial for safe navigation and carrying out offshore activities in ice zones. However, due to the complexity and dynamics of the ice–water boundary, it is difficult for many deep learning-based segmentation algorithms to achieve accurate ice–water segmentation in synthetic aperture radar (SAR) images. In this paper, we propose an ice–water SAR segmentation network, E-MPSPNet, which can provide effective ice–water segmentation by fusing semantic features and edge information. The E-MPSPNet introduces a multi-scale attention mechanism to better fuse the ice–water semantic features and designs an edge supervision module (ESM) to learn ice–water edge features. The ESM not only provides ice–water edge prediction but also imposes constraints on the semantic feature extraction to better express the edge information. We also design a loss function that focuses on both ice–water edges and semantic segmentations of ice and water for overall network optimization. With the AI4Arctic/ASIP Sea Ice Dataset as the benchmark, experimental results show our E-MPSPNet achieves the best performance compared with other commonly used segmentation models, reaching 94.2% for accuracy, 93.0% for F-score, and 89.2% for MIoU. Moreover, our E-MPSPNet shows a relatively smaller model size and faster processing speed. The application of the E-MPSPNet for processing a SAR scene demonstrates its potential for operational use in drawing near real-time navigation charts of sea ice.
Mesoporous Silica as a Carrier for Amorphous Solid Dispersion

In the past decade, the discovery of active pharmaceutical substances with high therapeutic value but poor aqueous solubility has increased, thus making it challenging to formulate these compounds as oral dosage forms. The bioavailability of these drugs can be increased by formulating these drugs as an amorphous drug delivery system. Use of porous media like mesoporous silica has been investigated as a potential means to increase the solubility of poorly soluble drugs and to stabilize the amorphous drug delivery system. These materials have nanosized capillaries and the large surface area which enable the materials to accommodate high drug loading and promote the controlled and fast release. Therefore, mesoporous silica has been used as a carrier in the solid dispersion to form an amorphous solid dispersion (ASD). Mesoporous silica is also being used as an adsorbent in a conventional solid dispersion, which has many useful aspects. This review focuses on the use of mesoporous silica in ASD as potential means to increase the dissolution rate and to provide or increase the stability of the ASD. First, an overview of mesoporous silica and the classification is discussed. Subsequently, methods of drug incorporation, the stability of dispersion and, much more are discussed.
Rate‐independent processes in viscous solids at small strains

The so‐called generalized standard solids (of Halphen–Nguyen type) involving also activated typically rate‐independent processes such as plasticity, damage, or phase transformations are described as a system of a momentum equilibrium equation and a variational inequality for inelastic evolution of internal‐parameter variables. Various definitions of solutions are examined, especially from the viewpoint of the ability to combine rate‐independent processes and other rate‐dependent phenomena, as viscosity or also inertia. If those rate‐dependent phenomena are suppressed, then the system becomes fully rate‐independent. Illustrative examples are presented as well. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Technological progress and optimal income taxation

Facing technological progress, how should a government reform income taxation? To address this question, optimal capital and labor income taxation is obtained for an economy of heterogeneous individuals. Technological progress raises optimal capital income tax rate and lowers optimal average marginal labor income tax rate if it is capital-biased by increasing relative capital productivity. Technological progress does the opposite if it is labor-biased by decreasing relative capital productivity. Neither capital-biased nor labor-biased technological progress affects optimal slope of labor income tax rate schedule. Technological progress does not affect optimal income taxation if it is unbiased by preserving relative capital productivity.
Variation in Linguistic Characteristics Between the Types of Computer-Mediated Academic Discourse

The article presents the results of empirical research investigating the specific linguistic characteristics of the types of Computer-Mediated Academic Discourse (CMAD) – the English language use by language teaching professionals in academic computer-mediated seminars (webinars), synchronous conferences (chats), asynchronous discussion fora, e-mails, weblogs and hypertexts. Six specialised corpora were complied to represent each type of CMAD. Multidimensional analysis of the variance of linguistic features (Biber, 1988) was applied as the main quantitative research method. Considerable differences have been revealed in the use of fifty-five types of linguistic features in the sub-corpora. The results of Scheffé’s test show that there is a significant statistical difference between at least one pair of the mean values on each dimension. This indicates that the studied types of CMAD are rather similar on one dimension but different on another. The author demonstrates that each type of CMAD has specific linguistic characteristics distinguishing it from other types. The findings obtained in the research may be of interest to researchers investigating varieties of computer-mediated language, language educators and other specialists in applied linguistics.
Modeling Calcium Cycling in the Heart: Progress, Pitfalls, and Challenges

Intracellular calcium (Ca) cycling in the heart plays key roles in excitation–contraction coupling and arrhythmogenesis. In cardiac myocytes, the Ca release channels, i.e., the ryanodine receptors (RyRs), are clustered in the sarcoplasmic reticulum membrane, forming Ca release units (CRUs). The RyRs in a CRU act collectively to give rise to discrete Ca release events, called Ca sparks. A cell contains hundreds to thousands of CRUs, diffusively coupled via Ca to form a CRU network. A rich spectrum of spatiotemporal Ca dynamics is observed in cardiac myocytes, including Ca sparks, spark clusters, mini-waves, persistent whole-cell waves, and oscillations. Models of different temporal and spatial scales have been developed to investigate these dynamics. Due to the complexities of the CRU network and the spatiotemporal Ca dynamics, it is challenging to model the Ca cycling dynamics in the cardiac system, particularly at the tissue sales. In this article, we review the progress of modeling of Ca cycling in cardiac systems from single RyRs to the tissue scale, the pros and cons of the current models and different modeling approaches, and the challenges to be tackled in the future.
Modelling and predicting temporal frequency of foot‐and‐mouth disease cases in countries with endemic foot‐and‐mouth disease

Summary. Foot‐and‐mouth disease (FMD) is a highly contagious viral disease that affects a variety of cloven‐hoofed animals. It spreads rapidly and results in considerable economic loss for agriculture in regions where the disease occurs. The main objective of this study is to develop statistical models that will reasonably predict temporal FMD case counts in endemic regions or countries, and which will also perform well under sporadic epidemic phases that increase FMD counts beyond background endemic circumstances. We used FMD data from Iran to develop correlated data models for predicting the number of FMD cases at future times and to assess the statistical importance of risk factors for increased frequency of FMD. Model selection and validation are accomplished by using the deviance information criterion and the mean absolute prediction error.
Dissipative Soliton Fiber Lasers with Higher-Order Nonlinearity, Multiphoton Absorption and Emission, and Random Dispersion

We study the generation of dissipative solitons (DSs) in the model of the fiber-laser cavities under the combined action of cubic-quintic nonlinearity, multiphoton absorption and/or multiphoton emission (nonlinear gain) and gain dispersion. A random component of the group-velocity dispersion (GVD) is included too. The DS creation and propagation is studied by means of a variational approximation and direct simulations, which are found to be in reasonable agreement. With a proper choice of the gain, robust DS operation regimes are predicted for different combinations of multiphoton absorption and emission, in spite of the presence of the perturbation in the form of the random GVD. Importantly, the zero background around the solitons remains stable in the presence of the (necessary) linear gain. The solitons are stable too against a certain (realistic) level of noise. Another essential finding is that the quintic gain in the form of three-photon emission (3PE) offers an alternative mechanism for supporting stable solitons, provided that it is not too strong. The DSs coexist in low- and high amplitude forms, for a given value of their width. The low-amplitude DS is stable, while its high-amplitude counterpart is subject to the blowup instability, in the presence of the 3PE. Interactions between DSs show various scenarios of the creation of breather states through merger of the two solitons.
Entanglement monotones

Abstract In the context of quantifying entanglement we study those functions of a multipartite state which do not increase under the set of local transformations. A mathematical characterization of these monotone magnitudes is presented. They are then related to optimal strategies of conversion of shared states. More detailed results are presented for pure states of bipartite systems. It is shown that more than one measure is required simultaneously in order to quantify completely the non-local resources contained in a bipartite pure state, while examining how this fact does not hold in the so-called asymptotic limit. Finally, monotonicity under local transformations is proposed as the only natural requirement for measures of entanglement.
The Spectrum of Pathogenic Yeast Infection in a Tertiary Care Hospital in Assam, India

Context: In view of the growing incidence of pathogenic yeast infection all over the world, this study was undertaken to understand its etiology and epidemiology in Assam. Aims: To characterize and study the antifungal susceptibility pattern of the pathogenic yeasts from the clinical samples. Settings and Design: The study was a hospital-based cross-sectional study. Methods and Material: 150 patients were enrolled in the study and from which clinical samples were collected. A total of 83 samples showing the growth of yeast in culture were included in the study. The yeasts were identified by conventional and BioMerieux ID 32C and VITEK 2TM. Antifungal susceptibility test was done by disk diffusion method as per Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI), M44-A2. Statistical analysis used: Data was analyzed using statistical software Epi-Info 7.1.2.0 (2013; CDC, Atlanta, USA). For comparison of categorical data, the Chi-square test or Fisher exact test was used. A value of p less than 0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results: The most affected population was the age group of ≤10 years (32.5%) with male preponderance (67.5%). Yeasts were mostly isolated bloodstream infections (49.3%). The major risk factor was prolonged antibiotic intake. Predominant yeast isolates were Candida albicans (43.4%) followed by Candida tropicalis (19.3%). Emerging yeasts like Kodaemea ohmeri (4.8%), Pichia anomala (2.4%), and Candida auris (1.2%) were also isolated. Amphotericin B was effective against all yeast isolates. All the isolates of Candida krusei were resistant to all the azoles. Conclusions: The study reflects that there is a growing incidence of emerging yeast infections and efforts are to be made for their identification and antifungal susceptibility testing for the initiation of appropriate therapy.
School social climate and personal and social responsiblity of high school students in secondary school according to their motivational profile

The aim of the present study was to analyze the motivational profile of high school students and how it was related to responsibility, basic psychological needs and school social climate, as well as to assess gender differences. For this purpose, a total sample of 302 students (M = 14.48; SD = 1.40) participated and were administered a multiple-choice questionnaire, where, in turn, gender and date of birth were asked. A profile analysis was performance using Ward’s method and k-means using the motivation scale (intrinsic motivation, identified, introjected and external regulation, amotivation) as variables for its elaboration. Two cluster profiles were finally created and named: a) “high motivation and low amotivation” (n = 212); b) “low motivation and high amotivation” (n = 95). Next, a multivariate analysis was performed, which showed that high motivation profile had statistically significant results at p < . 001, higher in the satisfaction of the basic psychological needs of autonomy, competence and relatedness, personal and social responsibility and school social climate. On the other hand, attending to gender, no significant differences were found in the number of students in the profiles after analyzing the standardized residuals. It is concluded that an increase in self-determined motivation can be associated to an improvement in basic psychological needs, responsibility and school social climate, regardless of the student’s gender.
The Relationship Between Physical Activity And Peak Height Velocity In Children Aged 9 – 11 Years

The purpose of this research was to determine the relationship between physical activity and the age of PHV in children aged 9-11 years. The method used in this research is a test survey with data collection techniques using questionnaires and measurement tests. The population in this research is SSB Tugumuda athletes and grade 4 students at SDN Karangjati 04. The samples were taken from as many as 29 boys from SSB Tugumuda and 23 boys from SDN Karangjati 04 aged 9-11 years. The sampling technique uses purposive sampling. The data analysis technique in this research used the Pearson bivariate correlation test. The results showed that 1) The level of physical activity of 1 child (1.9%) had a "low" level of activity, as many as 18 children (34.6%) had physical activity said to be "sufficient", 32 children (61.5%) with a "high" level of physical activity and 1 child (1.9%) had a "very high" level of activity, 3) The average age of PHV in 52 respondents was 14.02 years. It was concluded that there was a relationship between physical activity to the age of PHV in the 2 groups.
Doppler effect on indirect detection of dark matter using dark matter only simulations

Indirect detection of dark matter is a major avenue for discovery. However, baryonic backgrounds are diverse enough to mimic many possible signatures of dark matter. In this work, we study the newly proposed technique of dark matter velocity spectroscopy\,\cite{speckhard2016}. The non-rotating dark matter halo and the Solar motion produce a distinct longitudinal dependence of the signal which is opposite in direction to that produced by baryons. Using collisionless dark matter only simulations of Milky Way like halos, we show that this new signature is robust and holds great promise. We develop mock observations by high energy resolution X-ray spectrometer on a sounding rocket, the Micro-X experiment, to our test case, the 3.5 keV line. We show that by using six different pointings, Micro-X can exclude a constant line energy over various longitudes at $\geq$ 3$\sigma$. The halo triaxiality is an important effect and it will typically reduce the significance of this signal. We emphasize that this new {\it smoking gun in motion} signature of dark matter is general, and is applicable to any dark matter candidate which produces a sharp photon feature in annihilation or decay.
Khristianovich-Geertsma-de Klerk problem with stress contrast

The paper contains an extension of the Khristianovich-Geertsma-de Klerk (KGD) model to the case when the confining rock pressure, which closes a hydraulic fracture, varies in the direction of its propagation. The extension is impelled by the need to simulate fracture hampering (acceleration) when it penetrates into a layer with increased (decreased) rock pressure. The paper presents the problem formulation, an efficient numerical method for its solving, examples of fractures propagating through layers with various stresses and general conclusions. It is established that when the fracture enters a layer with increased rock stresses (positive stress contrast), it actually stops. In this case, the fluid particle velocity drops practically to zero and the velocity near the tip oscillates about a small value until the fluid pressure increases to the level of the increased rock pressure. In the opposite case, when the fracture enters a layer with decreased stresses (negative stress contrast), the fracture front accelerates until the fluid pressure drops to the level of the decreased rock pressure. Physical considerations and numerical results imply that the transition through a boundary of layers with different stresses may be characterized by a simple dimensionless parameter. The latter is defined as the ratio of the average difference between the fluid and rock pressures (at the moment of reaching the contact) to the stress jump at the contact. The parameter is applicable to contacts with positive as well as negative contrasts. The model and the method developed are to serve for improvement of the popular pseudo three-dimensional (P3D) model.