Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Estimation of some biochemical markers in acute myeloid leukemic patients before and after chemotherapy

The aim of this study was to measure the levels of malondialdehyde (MDA), peroxynitrite (PN), homocysteine (HCY), and uric acid (UA) in acute myeloid leukemic patients (AML) (before and after taking chemotherapy) and compare results with a healthy control group. The present study includes 120 age ranged 18-70 years old suffered from AML as well as 40 healthy group. Subjects were collected from patients and a control group at Erbil’s Nanakali Hospital, they were classified into four groups: Group 1 (G1) which includes 40 healthy subjects, Group 2 (G2) includes 40 AML patients before taking chemotherapy (newly diagnosed cases), Group 3 (G3) includes 40 AML patients after taking chemotherapy (one cycle) and Group 4 (G4) includes 40 AML patients after taking chemotherapy (more than one cycle). The results have shown a high significantly increased in levels of (MDA and UA), and significantly increased in PN in all patient groups (G1, G2, and G3) when compared to (G1). While homocysteine was a high significantly increased in (G2) when compared to (G1), and high significantly decreased in (G3 and G4) as compared to (G1). Additionally, the correlation analysis has shown that there was a significant positive correlation between malondialdehyde and peroxynitrite (r=0.4638), malondialdehyde and homocysteine (r=0.4752), and malondialdehyde with uric acid (r=0.3621). A high area under the curve of our data suggests that the determination of these parameters could be helpful to detect AML
Head Teachers’ Ideologies Behind English Medium Instruction in the Community Schools

English, a global lingua franca, is neither a second nor an offi cial language in Nepal. However, several community schools existing in Nepal have implemented English Medium Instruction (EMI, hereafter). Therefore, this study examines the ideologies of community schools’ head teachers behind starting EMI. In addition to this, it aims to discover implementational challenges during the initial days of EMI adoption. I have adopted narrative inquiry approach of qualitative research to bring out the ideologies of the head teachers behind starting EMI in community schools in Dhangadhi. I purposively selected three head teachers and conducted semi-structured interviews with them to elicit stories. Interpretation of the stories revealed various ideologies of head teachers behind starting EMI in community schools. The study concludes that EMI in community schools is adopted to assist them in enrolling and increasing the number of students. Moreover, it has challenged the stereotyping of the public towards community schools. Likewise, the study reveals several legal challenges, like the admission of preschool-aged children to primary schools and tuition fees charged to the students, which is against the Constitution of Nepal 2015 faced by community schools in the initial days of EMI adoption. The study’s findings present the adoption of EMI in community schools in the form of neoprivatisation. Finally, the study provides insights to stakeholders willing to initiate EMI community schools in Nepal.
A diagnostic approach to constraining flow partitioning in hydrologic models using a multiobjective optimization framework

Hydrologic models are often tasked with replicating historical hydrographs but may do so without accurately reproducing the internal hydrological functioning of the watershed, including the flow partitioning, which is critical for predicting solute movement through the catchment. Here we propose a novel partitioning‐focused calibration technique that utilizes flow‐partitioning coefficients developed based on the pioneering work of L'vovich (1979). Our hypothesis is that inclusion of the L'vovich partitioning relations in calibration increases model consistency and parameter identifiability and leads to superior model performance with respect to flow partitioning than using traditional hydrological signatures (e.g., flow duration curve indices) alone. The L'vovich approach partitions the annual precipitation into four components (quick flow, soil wetting, slow flow, and evapotranspiration) and has been shown to work across a range of climatic and landscape settings. A new diagnostic multicriteria model calibration methodology is proposed that first quantifies four calibration measures for watershed functions based on the L'vovich theory, and then utilizes them as calibration criteria. The proposed approach is compared with a traditional hydrologic signature‐based calibration for two conceptual bucket models. Results reveal that the proposed approach not only improves flow partitioning in the model compared to signature‐based calibration but is also capable of diagnosing flow‐partitioning inaccuracy and suggesting relevant model improvements. Furthermore, the proposed partitioning‐based calibration approach is shown to increase parameter identifiability. This model calibration approach can be readily applied to other models.
Mitochondrial transfer - a novel promising approach for the treatment of metabolic diseases

Metabolic disorders remain a major global health concern in the 21st century, with increasing incidence and prevalence. Mitochondria play a critical role in cellular energy production, calcium homeostasis, signal transduction, and apoptosis. Under physiological conditions, mitochondrial transfer plays a crucial role in tissue homeostasis and development. Mitochondrial dysfunction has been implicated in the pathogenesis of metabolic disorders. Numerous studies have demonstrated that mitochondria can be transferred from stem cells to pathologically injured cells, leading to mitochondrial functional restoration. Compared to cell therapy, mitochondrial transplantation has lower immunogenicity, making exogenous transplantation of healthy mitochondria a promising therapeutic approach for treating diseases, particularly metabolic disorders. This review summarizes the association between metabolic disorders and mitochondria, the mechanisms of mitochondrial transfer, and the therapeutic potential of mitochondrial transfer for metabolic disorders. We hope this review provides novel insights into targeted mitochondrial therapy for metabolic disorders.
Monitoring of typhoons in surface boundary layer and analysis of wind turbulence characteristics

Mean wind speed and wind turbulence characteristics of typhoon winds in surface boundary layer were studied based on three-dimensional wind data,which were recorded from ultrasonic anemometers at 10m height at sites near seashore during land falling of Typhoons Damrey,Chunchu and Paipiroon.The relations among turbulence parameters such as power law index,friction velocity,turbulence intensities and gust factor were analyzed under different types of upwind terrains based on the field measurements results.The results of the analysis reveal that friction velocity strongly depends on mean wind speed,which increases with increasing wind speed.Power law index and turbulence intensities decrease with the increasing of wind speed.Gust factor increases with the increasing of turbulence intensities.By fitting the results of turbulence parameters,the relations among the parameters were proposed which will be useful for the wind resistant design of low rise buildings in typhoon-prone regions.
Characterization of acidophilic bacteria related to Acidiphilium cryptum from a coal-mining-impacted river of South Brazil

Delabary, G.S. ; Lima, A.O. S. & da Silva, M.A.C. , 2017. Characterization of acidophilic bacteria related to Acidiphilium cryptum from a coal-mining-impacted river of South Brazil. Braz. J. Aquat. Sci. Technol. 20(2). eISSN 1983-9057. DOI: 10.14210/bjast.v20n2. Three acidophilic bacteria were isolated from water and sediment samples collected at a coal mining-impacted river, Rio Sangão, located in the city of Criciúma, Santa Catarina state, in southern Brazil. These microorganisms were isolated in acid media and were phylogenetic related to the species Acidiphilium cryptum by its 16S rRNA gene sequences, although they differ from this species in the assimilation of some carbon sources. The optimum and the maximum pH for growth of all strains were nearly 3.0 and 5.0-6.0, respectively. Two of the strains were slightly more acidophilic, with the minimum pH for growth of 2.0. All strains also tolerate the four tested metals (Ni, Zn, Cu and Se) at variable concentrations, with LAMA 1486 being the most metal-resistant strain. These bacteria may belong to different ecotypes of A. cryptum, or even represent new species in the genus. Besides they bear characteristics that make them useful in the development of bioremediation process, for the treatment of sites contaminated with multiple toxic metals, including coal mining drainage.
Role of Hydrogen Sulfide in Oncological and Non-Oncological Disorders and Its Regulation by Non-Coding RNAs: A Comprehensive Review

Recently, myriad studies have defined the versatile abilities of gasotransmitters and their synthesizing enzymes to play a “Maestro” role in orchestrating several oncological and non-oncological circuits and, thus, nominated them as possible therapeutic targets. Although a significant amount of work has been conducted on the role of nitric oxide (NO) and carbon monoxide (CO) and their inter-relationship in the field of oncology, research about hydrogen sulfide (H2S) remains in its infancy. Recently, non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) have been reported to play a dominating role in the regulation of the endogenous machinery system of H2S in several pathological contexts. A growing list of microRNAs (miRNAs) and long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) are leading the way as upstream regulators for H2S biosynthesis in different mammalian cells during the development and progression of human diseases; therefore, their targeting can be of great therapeutic benefit. In the current review, the authors shed the light onto the biosynthetic pathways of H2S and their regulation by miRNAs and lncRNAs in various oncological and non-oncological disorders.
Non-contact, highly sensitive sugar concentration detection based on Co3Sn2S2 Weyl semimetal thin film sensor by terahertz wave

Blood sugar is an important biomedical parameter of diabetic patients. The current blood sugar testing is based on an invasive method, which is not very friendly for patients who require long-term monitoring, while the non-invasive method is still in the developing stage. In this paper, we design a non-invasive and highly sensitive terahertz wave detector with Co3Sn2S2 semimetal thin film to test sugar concentration. As different concentrations have inconsistent responses to terahertz wave, we can deduce the concentration of the sugar solution to realize real-time highly sensitive detection of blood sugar concentration. This novel method can be further expanded to 6 G edge intelligence for non-invasive and real-time monitoring of blood sugar, and promote the development of 6 G technology.
A platform for connecting social media data to domain-specific topics using large language models: an application to student mental health

Abstract Objectives To design a novel artificial intelligence-based software platform that allows users to analyze text data by identifying various coherent topics and parts of the data related to a specific research theme-of-interest (TOI). Materials and Methods Our platform uses state-of-the-art unsupervised natural language processing methods, building on top of a large language model, to analyze social media text data. At the center of the platform’s functionality is BERTopic, which clusters social media posts, forming collections of words representing distinct topics. A key feature of our platform is its ability to identify whole sentences corresponding to topic words, vastly improving the platform’s ability to perform downstream similarity operations with respect to a user-defined TOI. Results Two case studies on mental health among university students are performed to demonstrate the utility of the platform, focusing on signals within social media (Reddit) data related to depression and their connection to various emergent themes within the data. Discussion and Conclusion Our platform provides researchers with a readily available and inexpensive tool to parse large quantities of unstructured, noisy data into coherent themes, as well as identifying portions of the data related to the research TOI. While the development process for the platform was focused on mental health themes, we believe it to be generalizable to other domains of research as well.
Family Resilience With Stunted Children Aged Below 5 Years: A Qualitative Study in Depok City, Indonesia

Stunting is influenced by family and household factors that affect toddler nutrition. As the primary provider of both physical and psychological resources to prevent health problems, the family has a significant role in preventing stunting. Family resilience in supporting child health is mediated by family functioning. A qualitative descriptive study explored the influence of family resilience in fulfilling the nutritional needs of stunted children. This study involved in-depth interviews with 23 mothers of stunted children aged 24 to 59 months. Through content analysis, we identified three main themes: (1) family belief that stunting is hereditary, (2) family belief that stunted children will “grow up,” and (3) lack of communication between family members in discussing stunting. Future studies should explore intervention models to increase family resilience and prevent stunting in children under five.
Evaluating a vertical nurse-led service in the integration of palliative care in a tertiary academic hospital

Background: Groote Schuur Hospital is a large Academic Hospital in South Africa that is in the process of integrating palliative care (PC) via a vertical nurse-led doctor-supported (VNLDS) service that was initially established to deliver clinical care. PC integration should occur across multiple dimensions and may result in variable degrees of integration between levels of the healthcare system. This research evaluates the VNLDS through a theory-driven evaluation to describe how the service affected integration. Methods: A mixed-method sequential design consisting of a narrative literature review on the theory of integration and PC, retrospective quantitative data from a PC service delivery database, qualitative data from semi-structured interviews and document analyses. It was structured in three phases which assisted in confirming and expanding the data. Statistical analyses, deductive thematic coding and documentary analyses were conducted according to the conceptual framework of PC integration. Results: The PC integration process was facilitated in the following ways: (i) the service provided good clinical PC; (ii) it was able to integrate on a professional level into specific diseases, such as cancer but not in all diseases; (iii) developing organizational structures within the service and (iv) the observed benefit of good clinical care increased the value stakeholders assigned to PC, thereby driving the adoption of PC. However, there are still clinicians who do not refer to PC services. This gap in referral may be grounded in assumptions and misconceptions about PC, especially at the organizational level. Discussion: Observed PC service delivery is core to integrating PC across the healthcare system because it challenges normative barriers. However, the VNLDS could not achieve integration in leadership and governance, education and hospital-wide guidelines and policies. Whole system integration, foregrounding organizational commitment to PC excellence, is core to integrating PC. Conclusion: The VNLDS service has effectively linked PC in specific disease profiles and normalized the PC approach where healthcare workers observed the service. These integrational gaps may be grounded in assumptions and misconceptions about PC, especially at the organizational level.
Reliability of Spectral Features of Resting-State Brain Activity: A Magnetoencephalography Study

Background Cognition is a vital sign and its deterioration is a major concern in clinical medicine. It is usually evaluated using neuropsychological assessments, which have innate limitations such as the practice effect. To compensate for these assessments, the oscillatory power of resting-state brain activity has recently become available. The power is obtained noninvasively using magnetoencephalography and is summarized by spectral parameters such as the median frequency (MF), individual alpha frequency (IAF), spectral edge frequency 95 (SEF95), and Shannon’s spectral entropy (SSE). As these parameters are less sensitive to practice effects, they are suitable for longitudinal studies. However, their reliability remains unestablished, hindering their proactive use in clinical practice. Therefore, we aimed to quantify the within-participant reliability of these parameters using repeated measurements of healthy participants to facilitate their clinical use and to evaluate the observed changes/differences in these parameters reported in previous studies. Methodology Resting-state brain activity with eyes closed was recorded using magnetoencephalography for five minutes from 15 healthy individuals (29.3 ± 4.6 years old: ranging from 23 to 28 years old). The following four spectral parameters were calculated: MF, IAF, SEF95, and SSE. To quantify reliability, the minimal detectable change (MDC) and intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) were computed for each parameter. In addition, we used MDCs to evaluate the changes and differences in the spectral parameters reported in previous longitudinal and cross-sectional studies. Results The MDC at 95% confidence interval (MDC95) of MF, IAF, SEF95, and SSE were 0.61 Hz, 0.44 Hz, 2.91 Hz, and 0.028, respectively. The ICCs of these parameters were 0.96, 0.92, 0.94, and 0.83, respectively. The MDC95 of these parameters was smaller than the mean difference in the parameters between cognitively healthy individuals and patients with dementia, as reported in previous studies. Conclusions The spectral parameter changes/differences observed in prior studies were not attributed to measurement errors but rather reflected genuine effects. Furthermore, all spectral parameters exhibited high ICCs (>0.8), underscoring their robust within-participant reliability. Our results support the clinical use of these parameters, especially in the longitudinal monitoring and evaluation of the outcomes of interventions.
Centennial-to-millennial-scale Holocene climate variability in the North Atlantic region induced by noise

Under pre-industrial Holocene boundary conditions, a threedimensional global climate model of intermediate complexity exhibits centennial-to-millennial-scale climate variability in the North Atlantic realm. The climate variability is associated with noise-induced ‘on’ and ‘off’ switches in Labrador Sea convection. On a multicentennial time scale these stochastic mode-transitions can be phase-locked to a small periodic freshwater forcing. These results suggest a stochastic resonance mechanism that can operate under Holocene conditions, involving changes in North Atlantic Deep Water formation as an important amplifying mechanism of relatively weak climate perturbations. We introduce a conceptual nonlinear stochastic model that reproduces the noiseinduced transitions and highlights the importance of polar water flow towards the Labrador Sea in setting the stochastic time scale. Moreover, we present a new hypothesis in an attempt to explain an observed midHolocene mode shift in the power spectrum of North Atlantic climate variability from ∼1500 to 600–1000 years. This hypothesis involves a mid-Holocene increase of polar water flow from the Greenland Sea into the Labrador Sea. The resulting decrease of the stochastic time scale favours the phase-locking to a smaller period in an applied multimodal external forcing, in accordance with stochastic resonance theory.
Association between maternal experiences of intimate partner violence and child stunting: a secondary analysis of the Demographic Health Surveys of four South Asian countries

Objectives To determine the association between maternal exposure to intimate partner violence (IPV) and child stunting using the Demographic Health Survey (DHS) data comparing four South Asian countries. Design A secondary analysis. Setting Data from the seventh round of the DHS data of four South Asian countries; Pakistan, Nepal, India and Maldives. Participants Married women of reproductive age (15–49 years) from each household were randomly selected, having at least one child less than 5 years of age for whom all anthropometric measures were available. Outcome measure The exposure variable was maternal IPV including, sexual violence, physical violence or both. The outcome variable was moderate or severe stunting, measured based on the height-for-age Z-score of children aged 6–59 months old . Multiple Cox proportional regression analyses were used separately on each country’s data to determine the association between maternal IPV and child stunting. Results The prevalence of IPV among women ranged from 10.17% in the Maldives to 31% in India. The burden of child stunting was the lowest in the Maldives at 14.04% and the highest in Pakistan at 35.86%. The number of severely stunted children was the highest in Pakistan (16.60%), followed by India (14.79%). In India, children whose mothers were exposed to IPV showed a 7% increase in the prevalence of moderate to severe child stunting (OR 1.07; 95% CI 1.01 to 1.14). Additionally, in Nepal, severe stunting was strongly associated with the prevalence of physical IPV (OR 1.66; 95% CI 1.01 to 2.87). Conclusion Our study findings suggest that maternal exposure to IPV is associated with child stunting. Further research investigating the relationship between IPV and child outcomes using improved and advanced statistical analyses can provide substantial evidence to enhance public awareness and potentially reduce the burden of child stunting in South Asian countries.
Malignant cell receptor-ligand subtypes guide the prediction of prognosis and personalized immunotherapy of liver cancer

Objective: Liver cancer is a prevalent disease with a dismal prognosis. The aim of the research is to identify subgroups based on malignant cell receptor ligand gene from single-cell RNA, which might lead to customized immunotherapy for patients with liver cancer. Methods: Based on scRNA-seq data, we identified the receptor-ligand genes associated with prognosis and classify patients into molecular subtypes by univariate Cox regression and consensus clustering. LASSO regression was performed to construct a prognostic model, which was validated in TCGA and ICGC datasets. Immune infiltration and prediction of immunotherapy response were analyzed using ssGSEA, ESTIMATE, TIDE, and TRS score calculation. Finally, qPCR and Western blot validation of key genes and protein levels in cell lines. Results: A risk model using 16-gene expression levels predicted liver cancer patients’ prognosis. The RiskScore associated significantly with tumor clinical characteristics and immunity, integrated with clinicopathological features for survival prediction. Differential expression of SRXN1 was verified in hepatocellular carcinoma and normal liver cells. Conclusion: Our study utilizes single-cell analysis to investigate the communication between malignant cells and other cell types, identifying molecular subtypes based on malignant cell receptor ligand genes, offering new insights for the development of personalized immunotherapy and prognostic prediction models.