Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Oxidative stress‐induced cataract: mechanism of action

This review examines the hypothesis that oxidative stress is an initiating factor for the development of maturity onset cataract and describes the events leading to lens opacification Data are reviewed that indicate that extensive oxidation of lens protein and lipid is associated with human cataract found in older individuals whereas little oxidation (and only in membrane components) is found in control subjects of similar age. A significant proportion of lenses and aqueous humor taken from cataract patients have elevated H2O2 levels. Because H2O2, at concentrations found in cataract, can cause lens opacification and produces a pattern of oxidation similar to that found in cataract, it is concluded that H2O2 is the major oxidant involved in cataract formation. This viewpoint is further supported by experiments showing that cataract formation in organ culture caused by photochemically generated superoxide radical, H2O2, and hydroxyl radical is completely prevented by the addition of a GSH peroxidase mimic The damage caused by oxidative stress does not appear to be reversible and there is an inverse relationship between the stress period and the time required for loss of transparency and degeneration of biochemical parameters such as ATP, GPD, nonprotein thiol, and hydration. After exposure to oxidative stress, the redox set point of the single layer of the lens epithelial cells (but not the remainder of the lens) quickly changes, going from a strongly reducing to an oxidizing environment. Almost concurrent with this change is extensive damage to DNA and membrane pump systems, followed by loss of epithelial cell viability and death by necrotic and apoptotic mechanisms. The data suggest that the epithelial cell layer is the initial site of attack by oxidative stress and that involvement of the lens fibers follows, leading to cortical cataract. —Spector, A‐ Oxidative stress‐induced cataract: mechanism of action. FASEB J. 9, 1173‐1182 (1995)
Évaluer les troubles neurovisuels chez les enfants avec troubles cognitifs et/ou comportementaux

A ce jour, les praticiens ne disposent d’aucune batterie de depistage des troubles neurovisuels (TNV) destinee a evaluer les enfants souffrant de troubles cognitifs et ou comportementaux. Or, d’apres la litterature, certains TNV seraient frequents chez ces patients. De plus, les atypies de leur traitement perceptif pourraient etre en lien avec leur niveau de developpement cognitif et social. Nous avons donc elabore un outil assez sensible pour explorer la cognition visuelle au sein d’une population d’enfants genes dans la passation de tests du fait d’une deficience intellectuelle (DI), associee ou non a des troubles du comportement et/ou des traits autistiques. Cela est a double portee : creer un outil faisant defaut actuellement et recolter des donnees epidemiologiques sur la prevalence des TNV dans ces populations, afin d’ouvrir une nouvelle voie therapeutique pour leur prise en charge. Les resultats ont mis en exergue une prevalence des TNV dans notre population d’etude mais egalement des comportements neurovisuels specifiques des tableaux cliniques etudies : trisomie 21, enfants avec TED et patients DI avec troubles du langage. Nous avons donc pu demontrer la validite et la sensibilite de la BENCO.
Visual Search Versus Memory in a Paired Associate Task

The Digit Symbol Substitution Test (DSST) has been used to study various effects, like aging and fatigue. Multiple cognitive and perceptual processes, like associative memory and visual search, are prominently utilized in the DSST. Understanding how these processes contribute to execution of tasks like the DSST is important to human factors research, as moderators like age and fatigue may differentially affect these processes. This study investigates performance on variants of the DSST that emphasize either visual search or associative memory with experimentation and computational cognitive modeling. While there are similarities in performance across task variants, the observed data suggests that, when visual search is possible, people appear to not utilize memory to the extent they would if relying on memory alone. The modeling suggests that behavior differences in the DSST variants results partly from procedural (i.e. strategic) choices and partly from the demands of the tasks.
Framelet features for pedestrian detection in noisy depth images

Pedestrian detection based on the framelet features in noisy depth images is investigated in this paper. For capturing the local features and attenuating the effects of noise in depth images, a features optimization model is proposed to adaptively select the framelet features for classification. The selected framelet features extracted by the model and SVM with a linear kernel is adopted as the feature and classifier, respectively. The proposed framelet features under a tight and redundant system can preserve the shape information while reducing the impact of noise. Experimental results also show that the proposed method based on framelet features can achieve a great improvement in noisy depth images, and the improvement is over one order of magnitude than HDD and HOG.
Global Village or Cyberbalkans: Modeling and Measuring the Integration of Electronic Communities

Information technology can link geographically separated people and help them locate interesting or useful resources. These attributes have the potential to bridge gaps and unite communities. Paradoxically, they also have the potential to fragment interaction and divide groups. Advances in technology can make it easier for people to spend more time on special interests and to screen out unwanted contact. Geographic boundaries can thus be supplanted by boundaries on other dimensions. This paper formally defines a precise set of measures of information integration and develops a model of individual knowledge profiles and community affiliation. These factors suggest specific conditions under which improved access, search, and screening can either integrate or fragment interaction on various dimensions. As IT capabilities continue to improve, preferences--not geography or technology--become the key determinants of community boundaries.
Principals as gatekeepers of language policy implementation in Kazan, Russia

ABSTRACT The purpose of the paper is to shed light on potential driving forces that guide principals’ decisions on how to implement language policies in their schools in Kazan, Russia. Kazan is the capital of Tatarstan and home for the second biggest ethnic group in Russia, called Tatars, whose native language proficiency is gradually declining. After briefly reviewing the history of language policies in the USSR, Russia and their impact on Tatar community in Tatarstan, the paper examines several factors – external pressures (official language policies, social interest groups, language status), internal pressures (school mission, motivation, curriculum, resources and staff) and principals’ ideologies – that impact Tatar language education in the school system. The analysis reveals that principals play a crucial role in creating a language environment and inculcating attitudes toward learning, speaking and developing literacy and proficiency in multiple languages, including Tatar. Given the fact that the implementation of language laws in Tatarstan and in Russia is not clearly specified, there is no infrastructure to monitor its realization. Thus, principals’ beliefs, attitudes toward and knowledge of the benefits of multilingualism, and the role of mother language learning and instruction become paramount to enhancing or hindering language development among Tatars.
Hepatocellular carcinoma: a review

Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the most common primary liver malignancy and is a leading cause of cancer-related death worldwide. In the United States, HCC is the ninth leading cause of cancer deaths. Despite advances in prevention techniques, screening, and new technologies in both diagnosis and treatment, incidence and mortality continue to rise. Cirrhosis remains the most important risk factor for the development of HCC regardless of etiology. Hepatitis B and C are independent risk factors for the development of cirrhosis. Alcohol consumption remains an important additional risk factor in the United States as alcohol abuse is five times higher than hepatitis C. Diagnosis is confirmed without pathologic confirmation. Screening includes both radiologic tests, such as ultrasound, computerized tomography, and magnetic resonance imaging, and serological markers such as α-fetoprotein at 6-month intervals. Multiple treatment modalities exist; however, only orthotopic liver transplantation (OLT) or surgical resection is curative. OLT is available for patients who meet or are downstaged into the Milan or University of San Francisco criteria. Additional treatment modalities include transarterial chemoembolization, radiofrequency ablation, microwave ablation, percutaneous ethanol injection, cryoablation, radiation therapy, systemic chemotherapy, and molecularly targeted therapies. Selection of a treatment modality is based on tumor size, location, extrahepatic spread, and underlying liver function. HCC is an aggressive cancer that occurs in the setting of cirrhosis and commonly presents in advanced stages. HCC can be prevented if there are appropriate measures taken, including hepatitis B virus vaccination, universal screening of blood products, use of safe injection practices, treatment and education of alcoholics and intravenous drug users, and initiation of antiviral therapy. Continued improvement in both surgical and nonsurgical approaches has demonstrated significant benefits in overall survival. While OLT remains the only curative surgical procedure, the shortage of available organs precludes this therapy for many patients with HCC.
Improving Sampling-based Alignment by Investigating the Distribution of N-grams in Phrase Translation Tables

This paper describes an approach to improve the performance of sampling-based multilingual alignment on translation tasks by investigating the distribution of n-grams in the translation tables. This approach consists in enforcing the alignment of n-grams. The quality of phrase translation tables output by this approach and that of MGIZA++ is compared in statistical machine translation tasks. Significant improvements for this approach are reported. In addition, merging translation tables is shown to outperform state-of-the-art techniques.
Representing time-dependent information in Multidimensional XML

Multidimensional XML (MXML) is an extension of XML that incorporates dimensions in order to represent in an elegant and concise way context-dependent data, that is, data which can exhibit different variations in value or structure (e.g. that can exist in different languages or various degrees of detail). We show that MXML dimensions can be used to express time and associate it with XML elements and attributes. We discuss the properties of the time domain and the features of MXML which are necessary in order to represent time, and give key points that motivate further investigation on the use of MXML for representing time-dependent data.
Occurrence of Subtle Scoliosis in Accordance with Development of Ipsilateral Cerebellar Diaschisis on Brain SPECT in a Patient with Head Injury

A 23-year-old male patient with a head injury 20 months ago visited our OPD on account of shortening height from 167 cm to 165 cm within a 2-month period. Scoliosis series of the whole spine X-rays revealed a slight convex in the left side with a 4-degree curve of scoliosis measured by the Cobb's method. Brain SPECT with (superscript 99m)Tc-HMPAO images showed a reduction of perfusion to the left cerebellar hemisphere, e.g. ipsilateral cerebellar diaschisis (ICD), because the left cerebral cortex had severely wronged including the left frontal, temporal and parietal-occipital regions. We speculated that the occurrence of scoliosis together with impaired cerebellar perfusion following head injury might be associated with damage to the efferent fibers from the cerebellum and the ICD observed in the chronic stage of brain damage probably was caused by a late involvement of the cortico-ponto-cerebellar tract at the level of the frontal cortex.
Estimating the ground-state probability of a quantum simulation with product-state measurements

One of the goals in quantum simulation is to adiabatically generate the ground state of a complicated Hamiltonian by starting with the ground state of a simple Hamiltonian and slowly evolving the system to the complicated one. If the evolution is adiabatic and the initial and final ground states are connected due to having the same symmetry, then the simulation will be successful. But in most experiments, adiabatic simulation is not possible because it would take too long, and the system has some level of diabatic excitation. In this work, we quantify the extent of the diabatic excitation even if we do not know {\it a priori} what the complicated ground state is. Since many quantum simulator platforms, like trapped ions, can measure the probabilities to be in a product state, we describe techniques that can employ these simple measurements to estimate the probability of being in the ground state of the system after the diabatic evolution. These techniques do not require one to know any properties about the Hamiltonian itself, nor to calculate its eigenstate properties. All the information is derived by analyzing the product-state measurements as functions of time.
Gender Disparities – Issue Of The Contemporary Society?

The purpose of this paper is to illustrate the situation of gender disparities in Romania, an important subject of our days, based both on literature review and official data analysis. Since the status of the woman in contemporary society cannot be treated independently from what is largely debated nowadays in relation to the presence of women in different fields on the labor market, we have firstly proceeded to review the main theoretical and empirical literature in this respect. The paper starts with a short introduction in the field, followed by a brief analysis of important data regarding education, wage and hierarchical positions. The second part represents a correlation between the main determinants of the overall progress of society, trying to highlight the main conclusions of this delicate issue
The concept of mental toughness: tests of dimensionality, nomological network, and traitness.

Mental toughness has received increased scholarly attention in recent years, yet conceptual issues related to its (a) dimensionality, (b) nomological network, and (c) traitness remain unresolved. The series of studies reported in this article were designed to examine these three substantive issues across several achievement contexts, including sport, education, military, and the workplace. Five studies were conducted to examine these research aims-Study 1: N = 30; Study 2: calibration sample (n = 418), tertiary students (n = 500), athletes (n = 427), and employees (n = 550); Study 3: N = 497 employees; Study 4: N = 203 tertiary students; Study 5: N = 115 army candidates. Collectively, the results of these studies revealed that mental toughness may be best conceptualized as a unidimensional rather than a multidimensional concept; plays an important role in performance, goal progress, and thriving despite stress; and can vary and have enduring properties across situations and time. This series of studies provides a foundation for further basic and applied research of mental toughness across various achievement contexts.
Development of Social Networks in Email Communication

In this paper, we perform an empirical analysis of email traffic logs obtained from a large university to better understand the development of social networks. We analyzed data containing records of emails sent over a period of 10 months – the largest dataset we are aware of. We study the long term evolution of social networks on real world data. The initial analysis of data is followed by an exploration of existence of how social network impacts the anonymity. We describe possibilities of modeling social network and describe dynamics of their development. Based on our result we design attack of proper selection, which could cause higher successfulness of disclosure attacks.
Automatic validation of protocol narration

We perform a systematic expansion of protocol narrations into terms of process algebra in order to make precise some of the detailed checks that need to be made in a protocol. We then apply static analysis technology to develop an automatic validation procedure for protocols. Finally, we demonstrate that these techniques suffice for identifying a number of authentication flaws in symmetric key protocols such as Needham-Schroeder, Otway-Rees, Yahalom and Andrew Secure RPC.
Evaluating the quality of approximations to the non-dominated set

: The growing interest in hard multiple objective combinatorial and non-linear problems resulted in a significant number of heuristic methods aiming at generating sets of feasible solutions as approximations to the set of non-dominated solutions. The issue of evaluating these approximations is addressed. Such evaluations are useful when performing experimental comparisons of different multiple objective heuristic algorithms, when defining stopping rules of multiple objective heuristic algorithms, and when adjusting parameters of heuristic algorithms to a given problem. A family of outperformance relations that can be used to compare approximations under very weak assumptions about a decision-maker’s preferences is introduced. These outperformance relations define incomplete orders in the set of all approximations. It is shown that in order to compare approximations, which are incomparable according to the outperformance relations, much stronger assumptions about the decision-maker's preferences are necessary. A general framework that can be used to compare and evaluate approximations under the presence of various types of additional information is proposed. Some particular comparison and evaluation methods based on this framework are suggested. The proposed framework is also used to characterize some previously proposed evaluation methods.
Segmentation of Premolar Based on Geodesic Active Region

To find borders between homogeneous regions in the various morphologies, several segmentation resulting from edge-based and region-growing can not produce exactly the same, and a combination of results often work more accurately. Also, clinically usable segmentation for medical imaging requires a high degree of interaction with registration algorithms such as the Insight Toolkit (ITK) and the Visualization Toolkit (VTK). In this paper, we proposed the geodesic active region segmentation to find the inner structure of premolar teeth acquired by microcomputed tomography (micro-CT) scanner. As a result, we discriminated enamel, dentin and pulp zones. Furthermore, we showed that the 3D geometric models of premolar would be useful for the tooth morphology.
Fast visibility analysis in 3D procedural modeling environments

This paper presents a unique solution to the visibility problem in 3D urban environments generated by procedural modeling. We shall introduce a visibility algorithm for a 3D urban environment, consisting of mass modeling shapes. Mass modeling consists of basic shape vocabulary with a box as the basic structure. Using boxes as simple mass model shapes, one can generate basic building blocks such as L, H, U and T shapes, creating a complex urban environment model computing visible parts. Visibility analysis is based on an analytic solution for basic building structures as a single box. A building structure is presented as a continuous parameterization approximating of the building's corners. The algorithm quickly generates the visible surfaces' boundary of a single building and, consequently, its visible pyramid volume. Using simple geometric operations of projections and intersections between these visible pyramid volumes, hidden surfaces between buildings are rapidly computed. Real urban environment from Boston, MA, approximated to the 3D basic shape vocabulary model demonstrates our approach.
Fully Automatic Texture Mapping for Image-Based Modeling

Image based modeling techniques construct digital shape models from 2D images of physical objects. They are used in a wide range of applications, where both virtual and real data is required. Texture information is a crucial part of virtual models used to represent real world objects in simulations, animations, virtual and augmented reality, reverse engineering, and various other applications. In this paper, we describe a fully automated method for creating digital 3D models of real world objects with high quality texture maps from digital images. The camera calibration is obtained automatically by using selfidentifying markers. The approach for texture mapping is mainly based on Hernandez-Esteban [5] and Rocchini et al. [10]. Examples of results obtained using the proposed application are presented and discussed.
A Run-Time Page Selection Methodology for Efficient Quality-Based Resuming

With the strong demands in the fast start-up of many mobile devices, hibernation has shown its clear superiority in such system designs. Different from the past work, a methodology is proposed to downsize the hibernation image without sacrificing the user experience in the resuming procedure of hibernation. Two approximation algorithms with bounds are proposed to remove selected pages from the hibernation image and shift them to page-in activities. The proposed methodology was evaluated over a series of experiments, for which we had more than 10% of improvement on the resuming time for many system configurations.
FACE RECOGNITION USING PCA, LDA AND ICA APPROACHES ON COLORED IMAGES

In this paper, the performances of appearance-based statistical methods such as Principal Component Analysis (PCA), Linear Discriminant Analysis (LDA) and Independent Component Analysis (ICA) are tested and compared for the recognition of colored face images. Three sets of experiments are conducted for relative performance evaluations. In the first set of experiments, the recognition performances of PCA, LDA and ICA are demonstrated. The effect of illumination variations is evaluated in the second set, whereas input images are partially occluded in the third set of experiments. The results show that PCA is better than LDA and ICA under different illumination variations but LDA is better than ICA. On the other hand, LDA is more sensitive than PCA and ICA on partial occlusions, but PCA is less sensitive to partial occlusions compared to LDA and ICA sensitivity. That is, PCA performance is better than LDA and ICA while performance of ICA performance is better than LDA on partial occlusions.
Inkjet-printed wearable microwave components for biomedical applications

This paper presents technology for the implementation of inkjet-printed wearable microwave components on paper substrate for biomedical applications such as washable inkjet-printed antenna, inkjet-printed antenna on artificial magnetic conductor (AMC), and substrate integrated waveguide (SIW). The Parylene-C is deposited on the inkjet-printed antenna to protect antenna from ambient humidity and small AMC which isolates a RF radiator from human body. Lastly, low cost inkjet-printed SIW on paper substrate is introduced for wearable applications.