Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The promoter for a variant surface glycoprotein gene expression site in Trypanosoma brucei.

The variant‐specific surface glycoprotein (VSG) gene 221 of Trypanosoma brucei is transcribed as part of a 60 kb expression site (ES). We have identified the promoter controlling this multigene transcription unit by the use of 221 chromosome‐enriched DNA libraries and VSG gene 221 expression site specific transcripts. The start of transcription was determined by hybridization and RNase protection analysis of nascent RNA. The 5′ ends of the major transcripts coming from the initiation region map at nucleotide sequences that do not strongly resemble rRNA transcriptional starts even though the transcripts are synthesized by an RNA polymerase highly resistant to alpha‐amanitin. The cloned VSG gene 221 ES transcription initiation region promotes high CAT gene expression, when reintroduced by electroporation into T. brucei. We show that the activity of this expression site is controlled at or near transcription initiation in bloodstream trypanosomes. The 221 ES is inactivated without any sequence alteration within 1.4 kb of the transcription start site. This excludes mechanisms of promoter inactivation involving DNA rearrangements in the vicinity of the transcription start site, e.g. promoter inversion or conversion.
Hegel and Marx

The High Tide of Prophecy. The Rise of Oracular Philosophy - The Aristotelian Roots of Hegelianism, hegel and The New Tribalism. Marx's Method - Marx's Sociological Determinism, The Autonomy of Sociology, Economic Historicism, The Classes, The Legal and the Cocial System. Marx's Prophecy - The Coming of Socialism, The Social Revolution, Capitalism and Its Fate, An Evaluation of the Prophecy. Marx's Ethics - The Moral Theory of Historicism. The Aftermath - The Sociology of Knowledgy, Oracular Philosophy and the Revolt aganist Reason. Conclusion - Has History any Meaning? Addenda (1961, 1965).
Three Perspectives on an Australasian Monetary Union

Whether Australia and New Zealand should have a single currency is periodically debated in New Zealand. There was a resounding ‘No’ when the question was discussed in the early 1990s, but there was less agreement when the debate resurfaced two or three years ago.2 Indeed, the idea now has considerable support within New Zealand amongst academics, businessmen, and the general public.3 Even the Prime Minister, Helen Clark, has suggested that an Australasian monetary union might be sensible. While there have been different motives for the debate, underlying them all is the following question: what policy goals are New Zealand hoping to achieve by having an independent currency and monetary policy, and are there alternative means to achieving these goals?
Effects of ABCA1 R219K Polymorphism and Serum Lipid Profiles on Mild Cognitive Impairment in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus

Background: Accumulated evidence suggests that adverse lipid changes are risk factors for type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and neurodegenerative disorders. The ATP-binding cassette A1 transporter (ABCA1) gene contributes to both lipid processing and amyloid-β formation and thus shows promise as a biological target in the pathology of mild cognitive impairment (MCI) in T2DM. Objective: This study aimed to investigate the interactions among lipids, ABCA1 R219K polymorphism, and cognitive function in T2DM. Methods: Clinical parameters, including lipids, were measured. The testing scores of different cognitive domains were recorded, and the ABCA1 R219K polymorphisms were analyzed. Results: A total of 226 patients, including 124 MCI patients and 102 controls, were enrolled in this study. T2DM patients with MCI showed lower cognitive functions, serum high-density lipoprotein (HDL-c), and apolipoprotein A1 (apoA-I) levels; and higher total cholesterol level than the controls. Serum HDL-c (P = 0.001) and apoA-I (P = 0.016) were positively associated with the MoCA score in MCI patients. Further stratification analyses revealed that the subjects with higher HDL-c concentration showed better attention and memory for verbal, visual, and logical functions than the group with lower HDL-c concentration (P < 0.05). No significant differences were observed among the distributions of ABCA1 R219K variants between MCI patients and controls; however, the KK genotype carriers presented higher apoA-I levels than those with RR genotype in MCI individuals. Conclusion: This study does not support the association between R219K polymorphism and T2DM-related MCI. However, our data suggested that the serum HDL-c level might positively influence cognition, especially memory function, in T2DM patients. Further studies are needed to determine the interaction between lipids and ABCA1 genotype and its effect on cognition in T2DM patients. Trial registration: Advanced Glycation End Products Induced Cognitive Impairment in Diabetes: BDNF Signal Meditated Hippocampal Neurogenesis ChiCTR-OCC-15006060; http://www.chictr. org.cn/showproj.aspx? proj=10536.
The Fanconi Anemia Gene Product FANCF Is a Flexible Adaptor Protein*

The Fanconi anemia (FA) protein FANCF is an essential component of a nuclear core complex that protects the genome against chromosomal instability, but the specific function of FANCF is still poorly understood. Based upon the homology between human and Xenopus laevis FANCF, we carried out an extensive mutagenesis study to examine which domains are functionally important and to gain more insight into the function of FANCF. In contrast to previous suggestions, we show that FANCF does not have a ROM-like function. We found that the C terminus of FANCF interacts directly with FANCG and allows the assembly of other FA proteins into a stable complex. The N terminus appears to stabilize the interaction with FANCA and FANCG and is essential for the binding of the FANCC/FANCE subcomplex. We identified several important amino acids in this N-terminal region but, surprisingly, many amino acid changes failed to affect the function of the FANCF protein. Our data demonstrate that FANCF acts as a flexible adaptor protein that plays a key role in the proper assembly of the FA core complex.
Triggering trust: to what extent does the question influence the answer when evaluating the perceived importance of trust triggers?

Trust is a critical component of business to consumer (B2C) e-Commerce success. In the absence of typical environmental cues that consumers use to assess vendor trustworthiness in the offline retail context, online consumers often rely on trust triggers embedded within e-Commerce websites to contribute to the establishment of sufficient trust to make an online purchase. This paper presents and discusses the results of a series of studies which took an initial look at the extent to which the context or manner in which trust triggers are evaluated may exert influence on the perceived importance attributed to individual triggers. We hope that our investigations will help inform the evaluation approaches adopted to assess consumer trust.
Analysis of checksum-based execution schemes for pipelined processors

The performance requirements for contemporary microprocessors are increasing as rapidly as their number of applications grows. By accelerating the clock, performance can be gained easily but only with high additional power consumption. The electrical potential between logic `0' and `1' is decreased as integration and clock rates grow, leading to a higher susceptibility for transient faults, caused e.g. by power fluctuations or single event upsets (SEUs). We introduce a technique which is based on the well-known cyclic redundancy check codes (CRCs) to secure the pipelined execution of common microprocessors against transient faults. This is done by computing signatures over the control signals of each pipeline stage including dynamic out-of-order scheduling. To correctly compute the checksums, we resolve the time-dependency of instructions in the pipeline. We first discuss important physical properties of single event upsets (SEUs). Then we present a model of a simple processor with the applied scheme as an example. The scheme is extended to support n-way simultaneous multithreaded systems, resulting in two basic schemes. A cost analysis of the proposed SEU-detection schemes leads to the conclusion that both schemes are applicable at reasonable costs for pipelines with 5 to 10 stages and maximal 4 hardware threads. A worst-case simulation using software fault-injection of transient faults in the processor model showed that errors can be detected with an average of 83% even at a fault rate of 10-2. Furthermore, the scheme is able to detect an error within an average of only 5.05 cycles
Encyclopedia of Body Image and Human Appearance

This scholarly work is the most comprehensive existing resource on human physical appearance - how people's outer physical characteristics and their inner perceptions and attitudes about their own appearance (body image) affect their lives. The encyclopedia's 117 full-length chapters are composed and edited by the world's experts from a range of disciplines-social, behavioral, and biomedical sciences. The extensive topical coverage in this valuable reference work includes: important theories, perspectives, and concepts for understanding body image and appearance; scientific measurement of body image and physical attributes (anthropometry); the development and determinants of human appearance and body image over the lifespan: how culture and society influences the meanings of human appearance; the psychosocial effects of appearance-altering disease, damage, and visible differences; appearance self-change and self-management; and, the prevention and treatment of body image problems, including psychosocial and medical interventions. Chapters are written in a manner that is accessible and informative to a wide audience, including the educated public, college and graduate students, and scientists and clinical practitioners. Each well-organized chapter provides a glossary of definitions of any technical terms and a Further Reading section of recommended sources for continued learning about the topic. This title is available online via "ScienceDirect" or in a limited-release print version. "The Encyclopedia of Body Image and Human Appearance" is a unique reference for a growing area of scientific inquiry. It brings together in one source the research from experts in a variety of fields examining this psychological and sociological phenomenon. The breadth of topics covered, and the current fascination with this subject area ensure this reference will be of interest to researchers and a lay audience alike.
White spots on the mucosal surface of the duodenum in dogs with lymphocytic plasmacytic enteritis

Distended lacteals, described as expanded white villi in duodenum, are strongly indicative of primary intestinal lymphangiectasia. In the present study, we evaluated the significance of white spots present in the duodenal mucosa of dogs with lymphocytic plasmacytic enteritis (LPE). Fifty dogs with LPE were included in this study, and white spots were detected in the duodenal mucosa in 22 dogs during endoscopy. Hypoproteinemia was more frequent in dogs with white spots than in dogs without spots (p = 0.02). Serum protein and albumin concentration were significantly lower in LPE dogs with white spots (p = 0.038) compared to LPE dogs without white spots (p = 0.039). There was a significant correlation between white spots density and lymphatic dilatation histological scores (p = 0.023; ρ = 0.481). These results suggest that the presence of white spots in the duodenal mucosa of dogs is not a finding exclusive for intestinal lymphangiectasia. Low serum protein and albumin concentrations together with lymphatic dilatation seem to be related to the presence of white spots in the duodenal mucosa of LPE dogs.
Bi-dimensional position detection using TDOA estimation through cross correlation of the acoustic signals. Part 1: Theoretical background

The paper deals with a positioning acoustic method that uses the time difference of arrival estimation through the cross-correlation techniques. The method will be applied for the determination of the position of the impact points of the air-dropped bombs. Firstly, the acoustic methods for position detection are presented, and the methodology for air dropped bombs impact points position estimation is chosen. The proposed method and the positioning system architecture are described.
Symmetry of quantum torus with crossed product algebra

In this paper, we study the symmetry of quantum torus with the concept of crossed product algebra. As a classical counterpart, we consider the orbifold of classical torus with complex structure and investigate the transformation property of classical theta function. An invariant function under the group action is constructed as a variant of the classical theta function. Then our main issue, the crossed product algebra representation of a quantum torus with complex structure under the symplectic group, is analyzed as a quantum version of orbifolding. We perform this analysis with Manin’s so-called model II quantum theta function approach. The symplectic group Sp(2n,Z) satisfies the consistency condition of a crossed product algebra representation of quantum torus times the algebra of functions on the Siegel space. However, only a subgroup of Sp(2n,Z) satisfies the consistency condition for orbifolding of the quantum torus.
The Eeg of Drowsiness

Contents: Drowsiness in the Adult EEG: Definition of Drowsiness Eye Movements and Drowsiness EEG Patterns in Drowsiness Subjects Without Awake Alpha Overlapped Awake and Drowsy Features Paroxysmal Patterns Differences in Drowsy/Awake Patterns Discussion/Overview of the EEG Drowsy Transition Utility of Classification System Significance for EEG Interpretation Significance for Diagnosis A Drowsiness Data Base: Methods Definitions and Classification System EEG Awake Ocular Movements and Drowsiness Subjects with Awake Posterior Alpha Subjects with Alpha Variants Subjects Without Alpha Sequencing of Drowsy States Differences in Drowsy/Awake Patterns Related to Gender, Age, and Degree of Sleepiness. Discussion/Overview of the EEG Drowsy Transition.
Influence of dietary vitamin E on behavior of Listeria monocytogenes and color stability in ground turkey breast meat following electron beam irradiation

There is growing concern that the free radical scavenging effect of antioxidants added to meats might reduce the antimicrobial effectiveness of ionizing radiation. A study was conducted to determine the effect of vitamin E on the behavior of Listeria monocytogenes and color stability in turkey meat following electron beam irradiation. Raw ground turkey breast meat from birds fed diets containing O ( control), 50, 100, and 200 IU of vitamin E per kg was inoculated with a 5-strain mixture of L. monocytogenes to give ~ 10 7 CFU/ g. Inoculated samples were irradiated at 0, 0.5, 1, and 2 kGy, and stored aerobically (12 days) or under vacuum ( 42 days) at 4 °C. L. monocytogenes survivors were determined by plating diluted samples on Modified Oxford Medium (MOX) and counting bacterial colonies on MOX plates after 48h at 35°C. Meat color was measured using a Hunter Lab colorimeter. Irradiation at 2.0 kGy resulted in ~3.5 log reduction of initial numbers of L. monocytogenes. There were no significant differences in D-values for L. monocytogenes in meat irrespective of vitamin E treatment (P>0.05). Also, vitamin E treatments did not affect growth rate of the pathogen in aerobic or vacuum-packaged samples following irradiation (P>0.05). Compared to controls, irradiated meat from birds fed 100 or 200 IU vitamin E demonstrated significant improvement in color stability (Hunter L * and a*values) during aerobic storage (P<0.05).
Time and space profiling for non-strict, higher-order functional languages

We present the first profiler for a compiled, non-strict, higher-order, purely functional language capable of measuring time as well as space usage. Our profiler is implemented in a production-quality optimising compiler for Haskell, has low overheads, and can successfully profile large applications. A unique feature of our approach is that we give a formal specification of the attribution of execution costs to cost centres. This specification enables us to discuss our design decisions in a precise framework. Since it is not obvious how to map this specification onto a particular implementation, we also present an implementation-oriented operational semantics, and prove it equivalent to the specification.
Purification to homogeneity and properties of mannosidase II from mung bean seedlings.

Mannosidase II was purified from mung bean seedlings to apparent homogeneity by using a combination of techniques including DEAE-cellulose and hydroxyapatite chromatography, gel filtration, lectin affinity chromatography, and preparative gel electrophoresis. The release of radioactive mannose from GlcNAc[3H]Man5GlcNAc was linear with time and protein concentration with the purified protein, did not show any metal ion requirement, and had a pH optimum of 6.0. The purified enzyme showed a single band on SDS gels that migrated with the Mr 125K standard. The enzyme was very active on GlcNAcMan5GlcNAc but had no activity toward Man5GlcNAc, Man9GlcNAc, Glc3Man9GlcNAc, or other high-mannose oligosaccharides. It did show slight activity toward Man3GlcNAc. The first product of the reaction of enzyme with GlcNAcMan5GlcNAc, i.e., GlcNAcMan4GlcNAc, was isolated by gel filtration and subjected to digestion with endoglucosaminidase H to determine which mannose residue had been removed. This GlcNAcMan4GlcNAc was about 60% susceptible to Endo H indicating that the mannosidase II preferred to remove the alpha 1,6-linked mannose first, but 40% of the time removed the alpha 1,3-linked mannose first. The final product of the reaction, GlcNAcMan3GlcNAc, was characterized by gel filtration and various enzymatic digestions. Mannosidase II was very strongly inhibited by swainsonine and less strongly by 1,4-dideoxy-1,4-imino-D-mannitol. It was not inhibited by deoxymannojirimycin.
Design-time management of run-time data in industrial embedded real-time systems development

Efficient design-time management and documentation of run-time data elements are of paramount importance when developing and maintaining modern real-time systems. In this paper, we present the results of an industrial case-study in which we have studied the state of practice in data management and documentation. Representatives from five companies within various business segments have been interviewed and our results show that various aspects of current data management and documentation are problematic and not yet mature. Results show that companies today have a fairly good management of distributed signals, while internal ECU signals and states are, in many cases, not managed at all. This lack of internal data management results in costly development and maintenance and is often entirely dependent of the know-how of single individual experts. Furthermore, it has, in several cases, resulted in unused and excessive data in the systems due to the fact that whether or not a data is used is unknown.
Reporting Results in Ossiculoplasty

Objective To review and modify past methods of reporting ossiculoplasty results, improve analysis, standardize presentation formats, and achieve greater veracity of the reported outcomes. Study Design A review of past and present evaluation methods. Background Past ossiculoplasty evaluation methods have been often poorly comparable, based on questionable methodology, and frequently failed to adequately verify the results described. Guidelines set by the American Academy in 1995 to improve matters appear unsatisfactory in several respects. Methods Past evaluation techniques and the Academy modifications are examined for areas that may be subject to modification and improvement, particularly the choice of audiologic frequencies, the calculation of the air-bone gap, and the description of the pathologic findings within the caseload itself. Findings Some audiologic measures and disease evaluations are potentially inaccurate or inadequate. The Academy frequency selections may be flawed. Insufficient emphasis is given to the evaluation of case pathologic findings, which is the major factor pertinent in series comparisons and preoperative case prognostication. Conclusions Further in-depth analysis of reporting methods is overdue. The matter is one of an international measure standard and should be subject to a global discussion, written and oral, to produce an adequately researched and formulated consensus. This in turn may provide the clinical and theoretical tools by which this troubled area can be more effectively analyzed.
Length of the Circulating T Cell Pool Cytomegalovirus Infection Reduces Telomere

Short telomeres of circulating leukocytes are a risk factor for age-related diseases, such as atherosclerosis, but the exact mechanisms generating variations in telomere length are unknown. We hypothesized that induction of differentiated T cells during chronic CMV infection would affect T cell telomere length. To test this, we measured the amount of differentiated T cells and telomere length of lymphocytes during primary CMVinfection as well as CMV-seropositive and -seronegative healthy individuals. After primary CMVinfection, we observed an increase in highly differentiated cells that coincided with a steep drop in telomere length. Moreover, we found in a cohort of 159 healthy individuals that telomere shortening was more rapid in CMV-seropositive individuals and correlated with the amount of differentiated T cells in both CD4 + T cells and CD8 + T cells. Finally, we found that telomere length measured in blood leukocytesiscorrelatedwithlymphocytetelomerelength.Thus,CMVinfectioninducesastrongdecreaseinTcelltelomerelength,which can be explainedbychanges inthe compositionofthe circulating lymphocytepool. TheJournal of Immunology , 2010, 184: 3417–3423. fraction as well as the granulocyte pellet was collected. We then lysed the erythrocytes in the total leukocyte, granulocyte, and mononuclear fractions and performed the telomere staining and analysis according to protocol. PBMCsofonedonorwerestainedwithﬂuorchrome-labeledAbsforCD3, CD8, CD27, CD45RA, and CMV-pp65 tetramer. Subsequently, cells were sortedintonaive,CD27 + CD45RA + CD8 + CD3 + cells,CD27 2 CD45RA + CD8 + CD3 + cells,andtetramer + CD8 + CD3 + cells.Aftersort,cellswerelabeledwith protein nucleic acid (PNA)-telomere probe using the ﬂow-ﬂuorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) method and subsequently analyzed.
Games at Work: The Recreational Use of Computer Games During Working Hours

The present study investigated the recreational use of video and computer games in the workplace. In an online survey, 833 employed users of online casual games reported on their use of computer games during working hours. The data indicate that playing computer games in the workplace elicits substantial levels of recovery experience. Recovery experience associated with gameplay was the strongest predictor for the use of games in the workplace. Furthermore, individuals with higher levels of work-related fatigue reported stronger recovery experience during gameplay and showed a higher tendency to play games during working hours than did persons with lower levels of work strain. Additionally, the social situation at work was found to have a significant influence on the use of games. Persons receiving less social support from colleagues and supervisors played games at work more frequently than did individuals with higher levels of social support. Furthermore, job control was positively related to the use of games at work. In sum, the results of the present study illustrate that computer games have a significant recovery potential. Implications of these findings for research on personal computer use during work and for games research in general are discussed.