Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Disaster cassification net: A disaster classification algorithm on remote sensing imagery

As we all know, natural disasters have a great impact on people’s lives and properties, and it is very necessary to deal with disaster categories in a timely and effective manner. In light of this, we propose using tandem stitching to create a new Disaster Cassification network D-Net (Disaster Cassification Net) using the D-Conv, D-Linear, D-model, and D-Layer modules. During the experiment, we compared the proposed method with “CNN” and “Transformer”, we found that disaster cassification net compared to CNN algorithm Params decreased by 26–608 times, FLOPs decreased by up to 21 times, Precision increased by 1.6%–43.5%; we found that disaster cassification net compared to Transformer algorithm Params decreased by 23–149 times, FLOPs decreased by 1.7–10 times, Precision increased by 3.9%–25.9%. Precision increased by 3.9%–25.9%. And found that disaster cassification net achieves the effect of SOTA(State-Of-The-Art) on the disaster dataset; After that, we compared the above-mentioned MobileNet_v2 with the best performance on the classification dataset and CCT network are compared with disaster cassification net on fashion_mnist and CIFAR_100 public datasets, respectively, and the results show that disaster cassification net can still achieve the state-of-the-art classification effect. Therefore, our proposed algorithm can be applied not only to disaster tasks, but also to other classification tasks.
Modification of the Euler equations for ‘‘vorticity confinement’’: Application to the computation of interacting vortex rings

A new ‘‘vorticity confinement’’ method is described which involves adding a term to the momentum conservation equations of fluid dynamics. This term depends only on local variables and is zero outside vortical regions. The partial differential equations with this extra term admit solutions that consist of Lagrangian‐like confined vortical regions, or covons, in the shape of two‐dimensional (2‐D) vortex ‘‘blobs’’ and three‐dimensional (3‐D) vortex filaments, which convect in a constant external velocity field with a fixed internal structure, without spreading, even if the equations contain diffusive terms. Solutions of the discretized equations on a fixed Eulerian grid show the same behavior, in spite of numerical diffusion. Effectively, the new term, together with diffusive terms, constitute a new type of regularization of the inviscid equations which appears to be very useful in the numerical solution of flow problems involving thin vortical regions. The discretized Euler equations with the extra term ca.
Effect of chemical modifications of tannins on their antimicrobial and antibiofilm effect against Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacteria

Background Tannins have demonstrated antibacterial and antibiofilm activity, but there are still unknown aspects on how the chemical properties of tannins affect their biological properties. We are interested in understanding how to modulate the antibiofilm activity of tannins and in delineating the relationship between chemical determinants and antibiofilm activity. Materials and methods The effect of five different naturally acquired tannins and their chemical derivatives on biofilm formation and planktonic growth of Salmonella Typhimurium, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus was determined in the Calgary biofilm device. Results Most of the unmodified tannins exhibited specific antibiofilm activity against the assayed bacteria. The chemical modifications were found to alter the antibiofilm activity level and spectrum of the tannins. A positive charge introduced by derivatization with higher amounts of ammonium groups shifted the anti-biofilm spectrum toward Gram-negative bacteria, and derivatization with lower amounts of ammonium groups and acidifying derivatization shifted the spectrum toward Gram-positive bacteria. Furthermore, the quantity of phenolic OH-groups per molecule was found to have a weak impact on the anti-biofilm activity of the tannins. Conclusion We were able to modulate the antibiofilm activity of several tannins by specific chemical modifications, providing a first approach for fine tuning of their activity and antibacterial spectrum.
Abnormal functional connectivity of the frontostriatal circuits in type 2 diabetes mellitus

Background Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is a metabolic disorder associated with an increased incidence of cognitive and emotional disorders. Previous studies have indicated that the frontostriatal circuits play a significant role in brain disorders. However, few studies have investigated functional connectivity (FC) abnormalities in the frontostriatal circuits in T2DM. Objective We aimed to investigate the abnormal functional connectivity (FC) of the frontostriatal circuits in patients with T2DM and to explore the relationship between abnormal FC and diabetes-related variables. Methods Twenty-seven patients with T2DM were selected as the patient group, and 27 healthy peoples were selected as the healthy controls (HCs). The two groups were matched for age and sex. In addition, all subjects underwent resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging (rs-fMRI) and neuropsychological evaluation. Seed-based FC analyses were performed by placing six bilateral pairs of seeds within a priori defined subdivisions of the striatum. The functional connection strength of subdivisions of the striatum was compared between the two groups and correlated with each clinical variable. Results Patients with T2DM showed abnormalities in the FC of the frontostriatal circuits. Our findings show significantly reduced FC between the right caudate nucleus and left precentral gyrus (LPCG) in the patients with T2DM compared to the HCs. The FC between the prefrontal cortex (left inferior frontal gyrus, left frontal pole, right frontal pole, and right middle frontal gyrus) and the right caudate nucleus has a significant positive correlation with fasting blood glucose (FBG). Conclusion The results showed abnormal FC of the frontostriatal circuits in T2DM patients, which might provide a new direction to investigate the neuropathological mechanisms of T2DM.
The role of RNA-binding proteins in orchestrating germline development in Caenorhabditis elegans

RNA passed from parents to progeny controls several aspects of early development. The germline of the free-living nematode Caenorhabditis elegans contains many families of evolutionarily conserved RNA-binding proteins (RBPs) that target the untranslated regions of mRNA transcripts to regulate their translation and stability. In this review, we summarize what is known about the binding specificity of C. elegans germline RNA-binding proteins and the mechanisms of mRNA regulation that contribute to their function. We examine the emerging role of miRNAs in translational regulation of germline and embryo development. We also provide an overview of current technology that can be used to address the gaps in our understanding of RBP regulation of mRNAs. Finally, we present a hypothetical model wherein multiple 3′UTR-mediated regulatory processes contribute to pattern formation in the germline to ensure the proper and timely localization of germline proteins and thus a functional reproductive system.
MODAL PROPAGAT13N ANGLES I N A CYLINDRICAL DUCT WITH FLOW AND THEIR RELATION TO SOUND RADIATION

Rice.E>. , "Multimoda: F a r F i e l d Acous t ic Radiar i o n P a t t e r n u s i n g Mode C u t o f f R a t i o , " & J o u r n a l , Vol. 16, S e p t . 1978, pp. 906-911. Also NASA TM-73721. Cumprty, N. A. , "Tone Noi re from R o t o r / S t a t o r 1 n t e r a c t i o r . s i n High Speed Fans," Journa l of Sound an? V i b r a t i o n , Vol. 24 , Oct . 1972, pp. 393-409. Lansixrg, D. L. , D r i r c h l e r , J . A. , m d P u r r y , C. G. , "Radia t ion of Sound From ~n Unflanged C i r c u l a r Duct w i t h P l w , " p a p e r p r e s e n t e d a t t h e 79th Meeting o f t h e A c t m a t i c a l S o c i e t y , A t l a n t i c C i t y , N. J . , A p r i l 21-24, 1970. S m l e , A. V. m d R i c e , E. J . , "Far -F ie ld Mul t i modal A c o u s t i c R a d i a t i o n D i r e c t i v i t y , " NASA Tn-73839, 1977. 14. Savkar, S. D. ,"Radiation of Cylindrical Duct Acoustic Modes with Flow Mismatch," Journal of S o m d and Vibration, Vol. 62, Oct. 1975, p ~ . 363-386. 15. Heidelberg. L. J., Rice, E. J., and Homyak, L. , "Experimental Evaluation of a Spinning Mode Acorrstic Trertmtnt Design Concept for Aircraft Inle:s,"Proposed NASA Technical Paper. 16. Heidelberg, L. J. m d Homyak, I. , ''Full-Scale Engine Tests of Bulk Abrorber Acoustic Inlet Treatment," proposed paper for presentation at the A I M 5th Aeroacoustics Conference, Seattle, Warhington, March 12-14, 1979. Flgure 1. Sketch of the p-opagallon angle, I n the duct. loorDUCT MACH 17. Williams, John, "Ground-Based Facilities with Forvard-Speed Reprecentation for Aircraft Noise Research," Aerodynsmic Noise, AGARD-LS-80, 1977, pp. 11-1 to 11-43. 18. tleibann, H. F. m d Dietrich, D. A. , "Siaulat~on of Flight-Type Engine Fan Noire in the NASALevis 9x15 Anechoic Wind Tunnel," NASA TM X73540, ,1976. 15. Horse, P. H. and Ingard, K. U. , ~ ~ e o x e t i c a l Acoustics, McCrn4iil1, New York, 1966. DUCT MACH 0 EXAMPLE APPROACH CONDITION NUMBER. 0 EXAMPLE TAKEOFf CONDITION 0 . 1 . 2 . 3 . 4 . 5 . 6 . 7 . 8 EXTLRNAL VELOCITY. -& Flgure 4. Effect of external and duct veloclt~es on farheld propagation angle lor near cutoff modes. /\r,:n, TO C ~ V E /' '. / . h. WAVE FRONT' -
Design of multi-band metamaterial perfect absorbers with stacked metal–dielectric disks

Simple periodic structures of stacked metal and dielectric microdisks can display very high absorbance over multiple bands at infrared frequencies (3–10 μm wavelengths). The stack can be envisaged as intersecting tri-layers, each tri-layer composed of metal–dielectric–metal disks that form independent impedance matched resonators, and give rise to large absorbance at different frequencies. Numerical simulations show that dual-band and multi-band absorbers with near unity absorbance on all their bands can be flexibly designed whereby the dielectric materials determine the absorption band of the metamaterial. The multi-band absorber is reasonably polarization insensitive and the absorbance remains large even with large angles of incidence. This approach of multi-layered stacked metamaterials is compared and shown to be superior to another approach to multiple-band metamaterial perfect absorbers having closely packed resonators within a unit cell.
Identification of differences in the magnitude and specificity of SARS-CoV-2 nucleocapsid antibody responses in naturally infected and vaccinated individuals

Background: As there are limited data on B cell epitopes for the nucleocapsid protein in SARS-CoV-2, we sought to identify the immunodominant regions within the N protein, recognized by patients with varying severity of natural infection with the Wuhan strain (WT), delta, omicron and in those who received the Sinopharm vaccines, which is an inactivated, whole virus vaccine. Methods: Using overlapping peptides representing the N protein, with an in-house ELISA, we mapped the immunodominant regions within the N protein, in seronegative (n=30), WT infected (n=30), delta infected (n=30), omicron infected+vaccinated (n=20) and Sinopharm (BBIBP-CorV) vaccinees (n=30). We then investigated the sensitivity and specificity of these immunodominant regions and analysed their conservation with other SARS-CoV-2 variants of concern, seasonal human coronaviruses and bat Sarbecoviruses. We then investigated the kinetics of responses to these regions in those with varying severity of acute COVID-19. Results: We identified four immunodominant regions aa 29-52, aa 155-178, aa 274 to 297 and aa 365 to 388, were highly conserved within SARS-CoV-2 and the bat coronaviruses. The magnitude of responses to these regions varied based on the infecting SARS-CoV-2 variants, with WT infected individuals predominantly recognizing aa155 to 178 regions, delta infected individuals and vaccinated+omicron infected individuals predominantly recognizing regions aa 29 to 52 and aa 274 to 294 regions. Sinopharm vaccinees recognized all four regions, with the magnitude of responses significantly lower than other groups. >80% of individuals gave responses above the positive cut-off threshold to many of the four regions, with some differences with individuals who were infected with different VoCs. These regions were found to be 100% specific, as none of the seronegative individuals gave any responses. Conclusions: N-protein specific responses appear to be detectable in over 90% of those who were naturally infected or vaccinated with a whole virus inactivated vaccine, with responses mainly directed against four regions of the protein, which were highly conserved. As these regions were highly specific with high sensitivity, they have a potential to be used to develop diagnostic assays and to be used in development of vaccines.
Effect of Exercise Interventions on Irisin and Interleukin-6 Concentrations and Indicators of Carbohydrate Metabolism in Males with Metabolic Syndrome

Irisin (IR) is a biomarker that is associated with metabolic syndrome (MetS). However, the available evidence on the association of IR, physical activity, and MetS status are contradictory. Therefore, the present study aimed to investigate the effect of exercise intervention on IR and interleukin-6 (IL-6) levels and indicators of carbohydrate metabolism in males with MetS. The study included 62 males with MetS (age 36.6 ± 6.9 years, BMI 33.6 ± 4.4 kg/m2) randomly assigned to: examined group 1 (EG1, n = 21) with aerobic exercise intervention, examined group 2 (EG2, n = 21) with combined aerobic and resistance exercise intervention, both for 12 weeks, and the control group (CG, n = 20) without intervention. Anthropometric measurements, body composition (body fat [BF], fat free mass [FFM]) as well as a biochemical blood analysis (irisin [IR], interleukin-6 [IL-6], insulin [INS] and glucose [GL]) were performed at baseline, 6 and 12 weeks of intervention, and 4 weeks after ending the intervention (follow-up). Intergroup and intragroup comparisons were performed. In EG1, an increase in IR level was observed as well as decreases in IL-6, BF, and GL levels in relation to the initial measurement. In EG2, decreases in IL-6, BF, and INS levels were observed as well as an increase in FFM level. In CG, no changes were found. Aerobic-resistance exercise led to a greater reduction in the concentrations of IL-6 and INS and more favorable changes in body composition (BF and FFM) than the use of aerobic training alone in males with MetS.
Coefficients in Expansions of Certain Rational Functions

The constant term of certain rational functions has attracted much attention recently. For example the Dyson conjecture; that the constant term of is the multinomial coefficient has spawned many generalizations (see [2], [7]). In this paper we consider some other families of rational functions which have interesting constant terms. For example, Corollary 4 states that the constant term of (1.1) is . Here, and throughout this paper, A and B denote fixed positive integers. In order to prove this result, we consider the rational function in two variables
Nonlinear Analysis of Moderately Thick Laminated Rectangular Plates

Analytical solutions to the geometrically nonlinear boundary value problems of laminated-composite plate undergoing moderately large deformations and subjected to various boundary conditions are presented in this paper. The nonlinear coupled partial differential equations are linearized using a quadratic extrapolation technique. The spatial discretization of the linear differential equations is carried out using fast-converging Chebyshev polynomials. A convergence study reveals that 8–10 terms of expansion of the function is sufficient to yield quite accurate results. The results for uniformly loaded, moderately thick laminated-composite plates with simply supported immovable edges, clamped immovable edges, free edges, and their combinations are presented. Some new results are presented, and it is observed that the present method is efficient and less expensive.
Chemoselective Synthesis of Mannich Adducts from 1,4-Naphthoquinones and Profile as Autophagic Inducers in Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma

Oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) is a worldwide public health problem, accounting for approximately 90% of all oral cancers, and is the eighth most common cancer in men. Cisplatin and carboplatin are the main chemotherapy drugs used in the clinic. However, in addition to their serious side effects, such as damage to the nervous system and kidneys, there is also drug resistance. Thus, the development of new drugs becomes of great importance. Naphthoquinones have been described with antitumor activity. Some of them are found in nature, but semi synthesis has been used as strategy to find new chemical entities for the treatment of cancer. In the present study, we promote a multiple component reaction (MCR) among lawsone, arylaldehydes, and benzylamine to produce sixteen chemoselectively derivated Mannich adducts of 1,4-naphthoquinones in good yield (up to 97%). The antitumor activities and molecular mechanisms of action of these compounds were investigated in OSCC models and the compound 6a induced cytotoxicity in three different tumor cell lines (OSCC4, OSCC9, and OSCC25) and was more selective (IS > 2) for tumor cells than the chemotropic drug carboplatin and the controls lapachol and shikonin, which are chemically similar compounds with cytotoxic effects. The 6a selectively and significantly reduced the amount of cell colony growth, was not hemolytic, and tolerable in mice with no serious side effects at a concentration of 100 mg/kg with a LD50 of 150 mg/kg. The new compound is biologically stable with a profile similar to carboplatin. Morphologically, 6a does not induce cell retraction or membrane blebs, but it does induce intense vesicle formation and late emergence of membrane bubbles. Exploring the mechanism of cell death induction, compound 6a does not induce ROS formation, and cell viability was not affected by inhibitors of apoptosis (ZVAD) and necroptosis (necrostatin 1). Autophagy followed by a late apoptosis process appears to be the death-inducing pathway of 6a, as observed by increased viability by the autophagy inhibitor (3-MA) and by the appearance of autophagosomes, later triggering a process of late apoptosis with the presence of caspase 3/7 and DNA fragmentation. Molecular modeling suggests the ability of the compound to bind to topoisomerase I and II and with greater affinity to hPKM2 enzyme than controls, which could explain the mechanism of cell death by autophagy. Finally, the in-silico prediction of drug-relevant properties showed that compound 6a has a good pharmacokinetic profile when compared to carboplatin and doxorubicin. Among the sixteen naphthoquinones tested, compound 6a was the most effective and is highly selective and well tolerated in animals. The induction of cell death in OSCC through autophagy followed by late apoptosis possibly via inhibition of the PKM2 enzyme points to a promising potential of 6a as a new preclinical anticancer candidate.
Management of Endocrine and Metabolic Toxicities of Immune-Checkpoint Inhibitors: From Clinical Studies to a Real-Life Scenario

Simple Summary Immune checkpoint inhibitors currently represent the standard of care for the treatment of different tumor types and have also been proven to be effective in several disease settings. However, their use is associated with a peculiar toxicity profile, related to the enhancement of the immune response, affecting several organs. The identification of predictive biomarkers has a crucial importance to select those patients that can better benefit from immunotherapy, improving their outcomes, while potentially avoiding toxicities with these drugs. In this review we will include the most recent data and current knowledge on immune-related endocrine and metabolic adverse events and on biomarkers and risk factors with a notable predictive value for their incidence. Furthermore, we will summarize the latest studies and recommendations on the clinical approach to these types of adverse events with the purpose of optimizing the diagnostic algorithm and their therapeutic management. Abstract Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) have revolutionized the therapeutic landscape of solid tumors. However, although ICIs are better tolerated than conventional chemotherapy, their use is associated with a peculiar toxicity profile, related to the enhancement of the immune response, affecting several organs. Among immune-related adverse events (irAEs), up to 10% involve the endocrine system. Most of them are represented by thyroid disorders (hypothyroidism and hyperthyroidism), mainly correlated to the use of anti-PD-1 and/or anti-PD-L1 agents. Less common endocrine irAEs include hypophysitis, adrenalitis, and metabolic irAEs. A deeper understanding of endocrine toxicities is a critical goal for both oncologists and endocrinologists. A strict collaboration between these specialists is mandatory for early recognition and proper treatment of these patients. In this review we will provide a comprehensive overview of endocrine and metabolic adverse events of ICIs, with particular interest in the pathogenesis, predisposing factors and clinical presentation of these irAEs, and their impact on clinical outcomes of patients. Furthermore, we will summarize the most recent studies and recommendations on the clinical approach to immune-related endocrinopathies with the purpose to optimize the diagnostic algorithm, and to help both oncologists and endocrinologists to improve the therapeutic management of these unique types of irAEs, in a real-life scenario.
Mechanisms and Health Aspects of Food Adulteration: A Comprehensive Review

Food adulteration refers to the alteration of food quality that takes place deliberately. It includes the addition of ingredients to modify different properties of food products for economic advantage. Color, appearance, taste, weight, volume, and shelf life are such food properties. Substitution of food or its nutritional content is also accomplished to spark the apparent quality. Substitution with species, protein content, fat content, or plant ingredients are major forms of food substitution. Origin misrepresentation of food is often practiced to increase the market demand of food. Organic and synthetic compounds are added to ensure a rapid effect on the human body. Adulterated food products are responsible for mild to severe health impacts as well as financial damage. Diarrhea, nausea, allergic reaction, diabetes, cardiovascular disease, etc., are frequently observed illnesses upon consumption of adulterated food. Some adulterants have shown carcinogenic, clastogenic, and genotoxic properties. This review article discusses different forms of food adulteration. The health impacts also have been documented in brief.
Prototropy, Intramolecular Interactions, Electron Delocalization, and Physicochemical Properties of 1,8-dihydroxy-9-anthrone—DFT-D3 Study of Substituent Effects

1,8-dihydroxy-9-anthrone are tricyclic compounds with a ketone group in the middle ring and two hydroxyl groups substituted in the side-aromatic rings what results in formation of two intramolecular hydrogen bonds in which the oxygen atom from the ketone group is the proton acceptor. 1,8-dihydroxy-9-anthrones in which intramolecular proton transfer between C10 and CO in the middle ring occurs, can exist in a tautomeric keto-enol equilibrium. For anthralin, the most important representative of this group, this equilibrium has been studied previously, but it has not been studied for its derivatives. Substituents in the middle ring change the geometry of 1,8-dihydroxy-9-anthrones so they are also expected to affect the keto-enol equilibrium. It is also important to study the effect of intramolecular hydrogen bonds on the structure of both tautomeric forms. It was found that the nature of the substituent in the middle ring could affect the antioxidant properties of the investigated compound.