Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Role of proline isomerization in folding of ribonuclease A at low temperatures.

In unfolded RNase A there is an interconversion between slow-folding and fast-folding forms (U(S) right harpoon over left harpoon U(F)) that is known to show properties characteristic of proline isomerization in model peptides. Here, we accept the evidence that U(S) molecules contain nonnative proline isomers and we ask about the isomerization of these proline residues during folding. The U(S) right harpoon over left harpoon U(F) reaction in unfolded RNase A is used both to provide data on the kinetics of proline isomerization in the unfolded protein and as the basis of an assay for measuring proline isomerization during folding.The tyrosine-detected folding kinetics at low temperatures have been compared to those of proline isomerization in unfolded RNase A. The comparison is based on the recent observation that the U(S) right harpoon over left harpoon U(F) kinetics are independent of guanidinium chloride concentration, so that they can be extrapolated to low guanidinium chloride concentrations, at which folding takes place. At 0 degrees C the tyrosine-detected folding reaction is 100-fold faster than the conversion of U(S) to U(F) in unfolded RNase A. Consequently, the folding reaction is not rate-limited by proline isomerization as it occurs in unfolded RNase A. An assay is given for proline isomerization during folding. The principle is that native RNase A yields U(F) on unfolding, whereas protein molecules that still contain nonnative proline isomers yield U(S). Unfolding takes place at 0 degrees C, at which proline isomerization is slow compared to unfolding. This assay yields two important results: (i) The kinetics of proline isomerization during folding are substantially faster than in unfolded RNase A-e.g., 40-fold at 0 degrees C. The mechanism of the rate enhancement is unknown. (ii) At low temperatures (0-10 degrees C), and also in the presence of (NH(4))(2)SO(4), the tyrosine-detected folding reaction occurs before proline isomerization and yields a folded intermediate I(N) that is able to bind the specific inhibitor 2'-CMP. The results demonstrate that a folding intermediate is spectrally detectable when folding occurs at low temperatures. They suggest that low temperatures provide suitable conditions for determining the kinetic pathway of folding by characterizing folding intermediates.
Cessation of tillering in spring wheat in relation to light interception and red : far-red ratio.

BACKGROUND AND AIMS The production of axillary shoots (tillering) in spring wheat (Triticum aestivum) depends on intraspecific competition. The mechanisms that underlie this competition are complex, but light within the wheat canopy plays a key role. The main objectives of this paper are to analyse the effects of plant population density and shade on tillering dynamics of spring wheat, to assess the canopy conditions quantitatively at the time of tillering cessation, and to analyse the relationship between the tiller bud and the leaf on the same phytomer. METHODS Spring wheat plants were grown at three plant population densities and under two light regimes (25 % and 100 % light). Tiller appearance, fraction of the light intercepted, and red : far-red ratio at soil level were recorded. On six sampling dates the growth status of axillary buds was analysed. KEY RESULTS Tillering ceased earlier at high population densities and ceased earlier in the shade than in full sunlight. At cessation of tillering, both the fraction of light intercepted and the red : far-red ratio at soil level were similar in all treatments. Leaves on the same phytomer of buds that grew out showed more leaf mass per unit area than those on the same phytomer of buds that remained dormant. CONCLUSIONS Tillering ceases at specific light conditions within the wheat canopy, independent of population density, and to a lesser extent independent of light intensity. It is suggested that cessation of tillering is induced when the fraction of PAR intercepted by the canopy exceeds a specific threshold (0.40-0.45) and red : far-red ratio drops below 0.35-0.40.
Report on Performance Results in the NIST 2010 Speaker Recognition Evaluation

In the spring of 2010, the National Institute of Standards and Technology organized a Speaker Recognition Evaluation in which several factors believed to affect the performance of speaker recognition systems were explored. Among the factors considered in the evaluation were channel conditions, duration of training and test segments, number of training segments, and level of vocal effort. New cost function parameters emphasizing lower false alarm rates were used for two of the tests in the evaluation, and the reduction in false alarm rates exhibited by many of the systems suggests that the new measure may have helped to focus research on the low false alarm region of operation, which is important in many applications.
The New Classical Macroeconomics: A Sceptical Inquiry

Part 1 Introduction: the varieties of maroeconomics. Part 2 The labour market and business cycles: clearing labour markets market-clearing models of the business cycle. Part 3 Monetary theory and policy: the limits of monetary policy - macroeconomic models the new monetary economics formal models of monetary economies the limits of policy - micromodels. Part 4 Econometric issues: econometrics and the analysis of policy. Part 5 The new classical methodology: two types of monetarism? an Austrian revival.
Characterization of chemical exchange using residual dipolar coupling.

NMR line shape analysis and relaxation dispersion measurements for N,N-dimethyltrichloroacetamide (DMTCA) weakly aligned using poly-γ-benzyl-l-glutamate, which forms a lyotropic nematic phase when dissolved in chloroform, were used to characterize chemical exchange kinetics for the rotation around the C−N amide bond. At low temperatures ( 312 K), a single population-averaged 13C methyl quartet is observed; in this regime, the differences in RDCs contribute to differential line broadening of the quartet components. Self-consistent measurements of the difference in RDCs are obtained from both line shape and relaxation dispersion techniques. The results show that NMR spectroscopy of weakly aligned molecules allows complete characterization of chemical exchange processes using RDCs, even if exchange broadening is absent in isotropic samples.
Novel dual-band decoupling network for two-element closely spaced L-shape antenna array

An innovative dual-band decoupling network for two-element closely spaced L-shape antenna array is proposed for MIMO applications. The new architecture, combining the reactive element decoupling technique and the eigenmode decoupling approach, provides dual-band decoupling capability with good radiation characteristics. The core building block is a unique dual-mode four-port network; it functions as a conventional 180° hybrid coupler in one frequency band but is equivalent to a pair of isolated direct-thru transmission lines in the other band. The design concept, circuit topology and experimentally results will be discussed in this paper.
A Video‐Based 3D‐Reconstruction of Soccer Games

In this paper we present SoccerMan, a reconstruction system designed to generate animated, virtual 3D views from two synchronous video sequences of a short part of a given soccer game. After the reconstruction process, which needs also some manual interaction, the virtual 3D scene can be examined and ‘replayed’ from any viewpoint. Players are modeled as so‐called animated texture objects, i.e. 2D player shapes are extracted from video and texture‐mapped onto rectangles in 3D space. Animated texture objects have shown very appropriate as a 3D representation of soccer players in motion, as the visual nature of the original human motion is preserved. The trajectories of the players and the ball in 3D space are reconstructed accurately. In order to create a 3D reconstruction of a given soccer scene, the following steps have to be executed: 1) Camera parameters of all frames of both sequences are computed (camera calibration). 2) The playground texture is extracted from the video sequences. 3) Trajectories of the ball and the players' heads are computed after manually specifying their image positions in a few key frames. 4) Player textures are extracted automatically from video. 5) The shapes of colliding or occluding players are separated automatically. 6) For visualization, player shapes are texture‐mapped onto appropriately placed rectangles in virtual space. SoccerMan is a novel experimental sports analysis system with fairly ambitious objectives. Its design decisions, in particular to start from two synchronous video sequences and to model players by texture objects, have already proven promising.
Ganciclovir Inhibits Human Adenovirus Replication and Pathogenicity in Permissive Immunosuppressed Syrian Hamsters

ABSTRACT Adenovirus infections of immunocompromised patients can develop into deadly multiorgan or systemic disease. The virus is especially threatening for pediatric allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplant recipients; according to some studies, 10% or more of these patients succumb to disease resulting from adenovirus infection. At present, there is no drug approved for the treatment or prevention of adenovirus infections. Compounds that are approved to treat other virus infections are used off-label to combat adenovirus, but only anecdotal evidence of the efficacy of these drugs exists. Ganciclovir, a drug approved for the treatment of herpesvirus infection, was previously reported to be effective against human adenoviruses in vitro. To model adenovirus infections in immunocompromised humans, we examined ganciclovir's efficacy in immunosuppressed Syrian hamsters intravenously infected with type 5 human adenovirus (Ad5). This animal model is permissive for Ad5 replication, and the animals develop symptoms similar to those seen in humans. We demonstrate that ganciclovir suppresses Ad5 replication in the liver of infected hamsters and that it mitigates the consequences of Ad5 infections in these animals when administered prophylactically or therapeutically. We show that ganciclovir inhibits Ad5 DNA synthesis and late gene expression. The mechanism of action for the drug is not clear; preliminary data suggest that it exerts its antiadenoviral effect by directly inhibiting the adenoviral DNA polymerase. While more extensive studies are required, we believe that ganciclovir is a promising drug candidate to treat adenovirus infections. Brincidofovir, a drug with proven activity against Ad5, was used as a positive control in the prophylactic experiment.
The Folded Trapezius Flap for Through-and-through Cheek Defects

A through-and-through defect of the cheek is a reconstructive challenge—functionally, technically, and cosmetically. The goal of reconstruction is to reliably and expediently bridge a poorly vascularized gap with healthy tissue. Since 1979, five patients have undergone folded trapezius flap reconstruction of the cheek. Despite a history of radiation In four of the five, all flaps have healed and complications have been minimal. The key to success seems to be careful attention to the venous drainage. This technique provides a one-stage reconstruction of a difficult surgical defect.
The Buffer-Stock Consumption Model with Endogenous Income Shifts

Abstract Credit-constrained households must use savings both to smooth consumption and to finance productive investments. This non-separability between consumption and production decisions is ignored in the standard intertemporal buffer-stock consumption model where income growth is exogenous. This paper develops an intertemporal model of household consumption and investment in the presence of credit constraints and income uncertainty. Investment options are modelled as irreversible, indivisible, and non-stationary, allowing for endogenous income growth. The resulting behaviour is markedly different from that of the standard buffer-stock model.
Arf6 and its ZEB1-EPB41L5 mesenchymal axis are required for both mesenchymal- and amoeboid-type invasion of cancer cells

ABSTRACT Modes of cancer invasion interchange between the mesenchymal type and amoeboid type in response to the microenvironment, in which RhoA and Rac1 are selectively required to perform different modes of actin-cytoskeletal remodeling. Membrane remodeling is another integral part of invasion. Arf6 regulates the recycling of molecules at the cell periphery, and is often overexpressed in malignant cancers together with its effector AMAP1/ASAP1/DDEF1. This pathway promotes mesenchymal-type invasion when AMAP1 binds to EPB41L5, a mesenchymal-specific protein induced by ZEB1. Here we show that the Arf6-AMAP1-EPB41L5 pathway, and ZEB1, are also crucial for amoeboid-type invasion, via receptor tyrosine kinase and G-protein-coupled receptor signaling. Thus, Arf6 appears to be necessary for both RhoA- and Rac1-driven cancer invasion. Moreover, amoeboid-type cancer invasion may require the activation of some type of mesenchymal program within the cancer cells.
Effect of leukemia inhibitory factor (LIF) on the quality of in vitro produced mouse blastocysts and subsequent derivation of embryonic stem (ES) cells.

OBJECTIVE To determine the effect of leukemia inhibitory factor (LIF) on the quality of in vitro produced mouse blastocyst and the efficiency of embryonic stem (ES) cell derivation. DESIGN Experimental study SETTING Reproductive Medicine Unit, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University MATERIAL AND METHOD In vivo fertilized zygotes were collected and subjected to in vitro culture in potassium simplex optimized medium (KSOM) containing 1,000 unit/ml LIF. The developmental ability of the zygote to blastocyst-stage and the cell numbers in blastocysts were evaluated Expanded blastocysts developed in different culture media were subsequently subjected to ES cell derivation. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE (s): The influence of LIF on the quality of and the total cell numbers of blastocyst developed in vitro. RESULTS Supplementation of LIF in KSOM increased the rate of hatching blastocysts (63.8% vs. 53.7%; p < 0.05) and total cell numbers (91.4 +/- 15.0 vs. 85.1 +/- 7.7; p < 0.05) compared to KSOM alone. ES cells were obtained 66.7% from blastocysts developed in KSOM-LIF versus 41.7% in KSOM (p > 0.05). Established ES cell lines showed typical colony and characteristics of pluripotent murine ES cells. CONCLUSION LIF improved the quality of in vitro produced blastocysts but not enhanced ES cell derivation.
DNA barcoding for species identification and discovery in diatoms

D iatoms are the largest group of microalgae, play an enormous role in the biosphere, and have major significance as bioindicators. Traditional identification requires inter alia long training, considerable microscopical skill, and use of av ast and scattered literature. During the life cycle, diatom cells change in size and pattern, often also shape, but the full cycle is known in <1% of described species. Recent evidence shows that there are many pseudocryptic and cryptic species of diatoms, requiring molecular methods for discovery and recognition. These and other factors argue that DNA barcoding would be highly beneficial. It could be 'strong', resolving nearly all species, or 'weak', resolving mostly species already recognized from light microscopy. Attempts have already been made to identify suitable genes and we evaluate these on the basis of universality and practicality, and ability to discriminate between species in the very few 'model' systems offering likely examples of sister-species-pairs. No candidate marker is ideal but LSU rDNA and rbc Lm ay be acceptable, though their discriminatory power is lower than that of some other markers. We discuss the next steps in developing af ull barcode system. COI /b arcoding /d iatoms /D NA barcodes /i dentification /I TS rDNA /m olecular systematics / rbc L/L SU rDNA /s pecies discovery /S SU rDNA /t axonomy Resume -L es diatomees representent le plus grand groupe d'algues unicellulaires, jouent un role fondamental dans la biosphere, et sont importantes en tant qu'indicateurs biologiques. L'identification sur des bases morphologique exige entre autres un long entrainement, des competences considerables en microscopie, et l'acces au ne vaste litterature publiee pour l'essentiel sous forme d'articles. Durant leur cycle de vie, les cellules de diatomees modifient leur taille et leurs motifs, souvent aussi leur forme, mais le cycle complet n'est connu que pour moins de 1% des especes decrites. De recentes etudes ont demontre l'existence d'especes pseudocryptiques et cryptiques parmi les diatomees, necessitant des methodes moleculaires pour leur decouverte et reconnaissance. Ces facteurs entre autres soutiennent le developpement d'un systeme de taxinomie moleculaire tel que le code barre ADN. Ceci pourrait etre un barcoding «p uissant », pouvant resoudre presque toutes les especes, ou «f aible », ne pouvant resoudre que des especes deja reconnues en
Phosphorylation of SNAP-23 in Activated Human Platelets*

Phosphorylation of SNARE proteins may provide a critical link between cell activation and secretory processes. Platelets contain all three members of the SNAP-23/25/29 gene family, but by comparison to brain tissue, SNAP-23 is the most highly enriched of these proteins in platelets. SNAP-23 function is required for exocytosis from platelet α, dense, and lysosomal granules. SNAP-23 was phosphorylated largely on serine residues in platelets activated with thrombin. Phosphorylation kinetics paralleled or preceded granule secretion. Inhibition studies suggested that SNAP-23 phosphorylation proceeds largely through a protein kinase C (PKC) mechanism and purified PKC directly phosphorylated recombinant (r-) SNAP-23 (up to 0.3 mol of phosphate/mol of protein). Five major tryptic phosphopeptides were identified in cellular SNAP-23 isolated from activated platelets; three phosphopeptides co-migrated with those identified in PKC-phosphorylated r-SNAP-23. In contrast, only one major phosphopeptide was identified when SNAP-23, engaged in a ternary SNARE complex, was phosphorylated by PKC. Ion trap mass spectrometry revealed that platelet SNAP-23 was phosphorylated at Ser23/Thr24 and Ser161, after cell activation by thrombin; these sites were also identified in PKC-phosphorylated r-SNAP-23. SNAP-23 mutants that mimic phosphorylation at Ser23/Thr24 inhibited syntaxin 4 interactions, whereas a phosphorylation mutant of Ser161 had only minor effects. Taken together these studies show that SNAP-23 is phosphorylated in platelets during cell activation through a PKC-related mechanism at two or more sites with kinetics that parallel or precede granule secretion. Because mutants that mimic SNAP-23 phosphorylation affect syntaxin 4 interactions, we hypothesize that SNAP-23 phosphorylation may be important for modulating SNARE-complex interactions during membrane trafficking and fusion.
Online Fake Drug Detection System in Heterogeneous Platforms Using Big Data Analysis

The widespread use of internet provides extensive heterogeneous platforms for drug sales. The internet has greatly facilitated the development of merchandise sales, meanwhile, many fake drug sellers that has been strongly restricted in the market by law enforcement agencies build their own platforms for sales via the internet. In order to against the fake drug website, reduce time and human resource consumption, it is necessary to screen and identify the drug information on the internet automatically. In this paper, we develop an automatic drug information screening and content analytical system which online distract the information and mine the hidden relationship and find the source of the sellers. Our major contributions lie in those aspects as follows: (1) We apply focused crawler technique to transform the unstructured data on the drug website into structured data, and stored the data in the local database. (2) An integrated fake drug identification method is proposed which consists of an image recognition module and information retrieval module. Based on this method, the fake drug website is not only identified one by one, but we also extract the hidden connections of multiple platforms. Experimental results demonstrate that our system can successfully identify a large number of fake drug website.
Segment intenders and non‐intenders in China’s property market: a hybrid approach

This study employed psychological variables such as consumer sentiment and attitude to debt as complementary measures to traditionally used consumer demographic or economic variables in predicting housing purchase intention with a consumer sample in China. The result indicates that psychological factors add incremental explanatory and predictive power to traditionally used demographic variables. Results from discriminant analysis showed that, except for household income level, psychological factors were better than demographic variables in differentiating intenders from non‐intenders in China’s emerging property market. Conceptual contributions and managerial implications of the study are discussed.
The Effect of Service Convenience toward Patient’s Loyalty in Cendana Policlinic Dr.Soeradji Tirtonegoro General Hospital Klaten

The changes of social economic, technology development, competitions in business environment, and the increasing of opportunity cost along with income, have a role in increasing the consumer’s demand toward convenience. Service convenience is perceived as being instrumental in directing the behavior of loyal consumers to a service provider. The aims is to estimate the effect of service convenience in forming loyal behavior to policinic. This research is a descriptive study using a mix method, conducted in 2013 involved 176 patients. The research instrument was a questionnaire consisting of 19 closed statements and 5 open-ended questions supported by interviews, observation and documents. Analysis conducted is logistic regression test to determine the dimension of service convenience that acts in affecting patient loyalty. The results showed that the dimension of the transaction, benefits, and post benefit convenience, while the other two are decision access convenience do not affect the consumer’s loyalty of Cendana Policlinic in Dr.Soeradji Tirtonegoro General Hospital Klaten. Significant influence is shown by the results of statistical test P<. 05. observation and brief interview results showed several factors which play a role in the service convenience in Cendana Policlinic; they are company factors (service environment, consumer information, company brand, service system design) and individual differences of consumers (time orientation, perceive time pressure, empathy, experience). Keywords: service convenience, consumer loyalty, Dr.Soeradji Tirtonegoro General Hospital Klaten