Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Automated analysis of X-ray topography of 4H-SiC wafers: Image analysis, numerical computations, and artificial intelligence approaches for locating and characterizing screw dislocations

Abstract The physical vapor transport (PVT) crystal growth process of 4H-SiC wafers is typically accompanied by the occurrence of a large variety of defect types such as screw or edge dislocations, and basal plane dislocations. In particular, screw dislocations may have a strong negative influence on the performance of electronic devices due to the large, distorted or even hollow core of such dislocations. Therefore, analyzing and understanding these types of defects is crucial also for the production of high-quality semiconductor materials. This work uses automated image analysis to provide dislocation information for computing the stresses and strain energy of the wafer. Together with using a genetic algorithm this allows us to predict the dislocation positions, the Burgers vector magnitudes, and the most likely configuration of Burgers vector signs for the dislocations in the wafer. Graphical abstract
A biased Monte Carlo technique for calculation of the density of states of polymer films

A new Monte Carlo algorithm is implemented for simulation of the density of states of free-standing polymer films. The algorithm combines the original idea of conducting a random walk in energy space with advanced trial moves such as configurational bias and end-bridging. Excellent agreement is found between the results of this new method and those from simulations in the canonical ensemble, down to temperatures in the vicinity of the apparent glass transition. The efficiency of the new algorithm is studied as a function of the types of trial moves employed. It is found that, depending on the range of energy and density, certain localized moves fail to converge to the correct distribution of states.
Expanding protected areas in a Neotropical hotspot

ABSTRACT The region of central Veracruz is considered a biodiversity hotspot due to its high species richness and environmental heterogeneity, but only 2% of this region is currently protected. This study aimed to assess the current protected area system’s effectiveness and to identify priority conservation areas for expanding the existing protected area system. We used the distribution models of 1186 species from three kingdoms (Animalia, Plantae, and Fungi) together with ZONATION software, a conservation planning tool, to determine areas that could help expand the current network of protected areas. We applied three different parametrizations (including only species, using the boundary quality penalty, and using corridor connectivity). We found that protecting an additional 15% of the area would increase, between 16.2% and 19.3%, the protection of the distribution area of all species. We propose that the regions with a consensus of the three parametrizations should be declared as new protected areas to expand 374 km2 to the 216 km2 already protected. Doing so would double the protected surface in central Veracruz. The priority areas identified in this study have more species richness, carbon stock values, natural vegetation cover, and less human impact index than the existing protected areas. If our identified priority areas are declared protected, we could expect a future recovery of endangered species populations for Veracruz. The proposed new protected areas are planned and designed as corridors connecting currently isolated protected areas to promote biodiversity protection.
Influence of the Neuroprotective Properties of Quercetin on Regeneration and Functional Recovery of the Nervous System

Quercetin is a dietary flavonoid present in vegetables, fruits, and beverages, such as onions, apples, broccoli, berries, citrus fruits, tea, and red wine. Flavonoids have antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects, acting in the prevention of several diseases. Quercetin also has neuroprotective properties and may exert a beneficial effect on nervous tissue. In this literature review, we compiled in vivo studies that investigated the effect of quercetin on regeneration and functional recovery of the central and peripheral nervous system. In spinal cord injuries (SCI), quercetin administration favored axonal regeneration and recovery of locomotor capacity, significantly improving electrophysiological parameters. Quercetin reduced edema, neutrophil infiltration, cystic cavity formation, reactive oxygen species production, and pro-inflammatory cytokine synthesis, while favoring an increase in levels of anti-inflammatory cytokines, minimizing tissue damage in SCI models. In addition, the association of quercetin with mesenchymal stromal cells transplantation had a synergistic neuroprotective effect on spinal cord injury. Similarly, in sciatic nerve injuries, quercetin favored and accelerated sensory and motor recovery, reducing muscle atrophy. In these models, quercetin significantly inhibited oxidative stress and cell apoptosis, favoring Schwann cell proliferation and nerve fiber remyelination, thus promoting a significant increase in the number and diameter of myelinated fibers. Although there is still a lack of clinical research, in vivo studies have shown that quercetin contributed to the recovery of neurological functions, exerting a beneficial effect on the regeneration of the central and peripheral nervous system.
Strain relaxation of metastable SiGe/Si: Investigation with two complementary X-ray techniques

Metastable and strain relaxed SiGe layers with about 20% Ge content have been grown by molecular beam epitaxy on Si substrates at 550 °C. The thickness regime of metastability and the onset of strain relaxation were investigated on dust particle free surfaces obtained by careful chemical cleaning and epitaxy loading under clean room conditions. Compared to earlier results true metastable regime without misfit dislocations was obtained up to 140 nm thickness. The onset of strain relaxation started with heterogeneous nucleation sites of misfit dislocations. X-ray topography proved to be a unique monitoring tool to observe a low density of single dislocations. From these results we suggested to define a critical thickness band with lower bound tcl from dislocation nucleation to an upper bound tco (600 nm in our case) defined by the onset of considerable strain relaxation. The strain relief was measured by X-ray diffraction (reciprocal space mapping) and found to be very abrupt (76% strain relaxation at 800 n.
Effects of Carbohydrase Supplementation on Growth Performance, Intestinal Digestive Enzymes and Flora, Glucose Metabolism Enzymes, and glut2 Gene Expression of Hybrid Grouper (Epinephelus fuscoguttatus♀ × E. lanceolatus♂) Fed Different CHO/L Ratio Diets

An optimal carbohydrate-to-lipid (CHO: L) ratio facilitates fish growth and protein conservation, and carbohydrase promotes nutrient absorption. Therefore, an 8-week feeding trial was conducted to investigate the effects of carbohydrase supplementation on growth performance, intestinal digestive enzymes and flora, glucose metabolism enzymes and glut2 gene expression in juvenile hybrid grouper (Epinephelus fuscoguttatus♀× Epinephelus lanceolatus♂) fed different CHO: L ratios diets. L, M, and H represent CHO:L ratios of 0.91, 1.92 and 3.91, respectively. LE, ME, and HE represent CHO:L ratios of 0.91, 1.92, 3.91, respectively, supplemented with the same ratio of carbohydrase. Results showed that weight gain rate (WGR) and specific growth rate (SGR) reached a maximum in group M and were significantly enhanced by carbohydrase (p < 0.05). Crude lipid content decreased significantly with an increase in the dietary CHO:L ratio (p < 0.05). Significant increases in the trypsin (TRY) and amylase (AMS) activities and significant decreases in the lipase (LPS) activity were observed with increasing dietary CHO:L ratio, and the former two were significantly promoted by carbohydrase (p < 0.05). The content of liver and muscle glycogen increased significantly with the increasing dietary CHO:L ratio but decreased significantly after carbohydrase supplementation (p < 0.05). The glucokinase (GK), pyruvate kinase (PK), Phosphate 6 fructokinase-1 (PFK-1) and phosphoenolpyruvate kinase (PEPCK) activities increased significantly with increasing dietary CHO:L ratio (p < 0.05). Glut2 mRNA expression decreased significantly in liver and increased significantly in intestine with increasing dietary CHO:L ratio (p < 0.05). By linear discriminant analysis (LDA), the abundance of Alistipe was significantly higher in Group ME than in Group M. These results suggested that hybrid grouper can only moderately utilize dietary carbohydrate and lipid in diet, and a certain amount of high glycemic lipids occurred when fed with high-carbohydrate diets. By the weight gain for basis, the supplementation of carbohydrase in Group H with amylase, glycosylase, and pullulanase in a 1:1:1 ratio effectively lowered glycemic lipids, promoted the growth of grouper, digestive enzymes activities and carbohydrate metabolic enzyme, and glut2 gene expression in intestine, effectively balancing the negative effects of high-carbohydrate diet and improving the utilization of carbohydrate.
Thermoelectric properties of the semimetallic Heusler compounds Fe2-xV1+xM (M=Al, Ga)

We have studied the thermoelectric properties of the stoichiometric and off-stoichiometric Heusler compounds Fe 2 - x V 1 + x M (M = Al, Ga) between 10 and 300 K. Seebeck coefficient (S) measurements indicate that stoichiometric Fe 2 VAl and Fe 2 VGa are p-type materials with moderate S values of about 30-40 μV/K at room temperature. Upon substituting the Fe site with V, a significant enhancement on Seebeck coefficients accompanied by a sign change are observed. On the other hand, the low-temperature resistivity (p) grows drastically with V substitution for Fe, while the thermal conductivity (κ) remains almost unaffected in the substitution levels we investigated. These features are consistent with other experimental results and are related to issues raised by band-structure calculations. The thermoelectric performance in these semimetallic Heusler compounds is estimated to be an order of magnitude lower than conventional thermoelectric materials.
Approximate Analysis of Building Frames for Vertical Loads

Approximate methods are useful in preliminary design, and also provide the analyst and the designer with a rapid means of rough checking “exact” solutions. The approximate analysis of building frames for vertical loads is covered in several papers and textbooks. The existing storywise summation method is complicated in computation, and the other approximate methods usually have poor accuracy. This paper presents the simplified storywise summation method, which may be summarized as follows: (1) Divide a building frame into many single-story frames whose number equals the number of stories of the building frames; (2) approximately analyze each single-story frame; and (3) sum the single-story frames. The method is almost as accurate as the existing storywise summation method, and may provide better accuracy than the other approximate methods. The intent of this paper is to develop an approximate analysis of building frames for vertical loads, which may involve less labor in computation than the existing stor.
Magnetic interactions in gadolinium orthochromite, GdCrO3

The magnetic properties of the distorted perovskite GdCrO3 have been investigated by magnetic moment measurements in the temperature range below 100K and specific heat measurements below 10K. Measurements show that the canting of the Cr3+ ions from a simple antiferromagnetic alignment is due to antisymmetric exchange coupling between Cr ions. The value of the weak ferromagnetic moment Fz is 400 emu mol-1. The interaction between the Cr3+ and Gd3+ ions produces an effective field at the Gd sites of 5.5 kOe, acting in the opposite direction to Fz. At a temperature of approximately 7K the Cr-Gd interaction is sufficient to cause the Cr system to undergo a spontaneous spin reorientation from a GxFz to a GzFx mod. At 2.3K the interaction between the Gd3+ ions is sufficient to bring about a co-operative transition to an antiferromagnetic state.
Effect of rootstock quality and height of heading back one-year-old grafts on the quality of two-year-old trees in the nursery

M.26 rootstocks of different diameters (from 6.0 to 12.0 mm) were used for winter grafting of the apple cultivar 'Sampion'. The best and the strongest one-year-old grafts were those grafted on rootstocks 10.0 to 12.0 mm in diameter. One-year-old grafts of 'Jonagored' on M.9 rootstock and 'Sampion' on M.26 rootstock were subjected to four different heading back treatments: 1) Heading back at 65 cm above ground level; 2) Heading back 45 cm above ground level; 3) Heading back at 5 cm above the graft union; and 4) No heading back, with only correctional pruning in May and June as the control. Quality of two-year-old trees depended on the height of heading back and on the diameter of one-year-old grafts. Heading back at 65 cm above ground level produced high quality two-year-old trees with a well-branched, one-year-old crown. Trees that had not been headed back were also of good quality and had the best shoot formation. However, they required very good soil conditions and irrigation after planting in the orchard.
Nondiffracting beam emission from hyperbolic metasurfaces

We demonstrate highly directive and transversely confined emissions from hyperbolic metasurfaces (HMSs) to free-space. The generation of such beams is attributed to the narrow hyperbolic isofrequency contour, such that only propagating waves with their wavevectors near normal incidence can transmit through the medium. The directions of transmitted waves’ Poynting vectors are altered by the medium and become parallel to the propagation direction, resulting in the generation of nondiffracting beams. We also suggest a realization of the proposed HMS using a layered silver-dielectric structure for optical wavelengths.
Computations of Surface Energy Flux and Annual Air–Sea Interaction Cycles of the North Atlantic Ocean

Abstract Energy fluxes through the surface of the North Atlantic Ocean have been calculated using bulk aerodynamic equations with exchange coefficients which vary with wind speed and stability, and radiation equations. Values of the coefficients were determined from published results of many experiments made at sea, coastal installations and in laboratories. Eight million ship weather reports were used for flux calculations. Reliabilities of monthly meteorological and flux averages are found to be good in areas having SW or move observations per average. A chart of the net annual heat gain by the ocean shows regions with characteristic gains or losses such as the Gulf Stream, Norwegian Sea, Labrador Current, trade winds and upwelling areas. Annual cycles of fluxes, winds, temperatures, clouds and rainfall in eight regions are presented and discussed from the point of view of predominating air–sea interaction processes. Contributions of meteorological variables, oceanic currents, atmospheric circulations a.
Radiation Hardness Study of Silicon Carbide Sensors under High-Temperature Proton Beam Irradiations

Silicon carbide (SiC), thanks to its material properties similar to diamond and its industrial maturity close to silicon, represents an ideal candidate for several harsh-environment sensing applications, where sensors must withstand high particle irradiation and/or high operational temperatures. In this study, to explore the radiation tolerance of SiC sensors to multiple damaging processes, both at room and high temperature, we used the Ion Microprobe Chamber installed at the Ruđer Bošković Institute (Zagreb, Croatia), which made it possible to expose small areas within the same device to different ion beams, thus evaluating and comparing effects within a single device. The sensors tested, developed jointly by STLab and SenSiC, are PIN diodes with ultrathin free-standing membranes, realized by means of a recently developed doping-selective electrochemical etching. In this work, we report on the changes of the charge transport properties, specifically in terms of the charge collection efficiency (CCE), with respect to multiple localized proton irradiations, performed at both room temperature (RT) and 500 °C.
Optical reflective metasurfaces based on mirror-coupled slot antennas

Abstract. Electrically connected optical metasurfaces with high efficiencies are crucial for developing spatiotemporal metadevices with ultrahigh spatial and ultrafast temporal resolutions. While efficient metal–insulator–metal (MIM) metasurfaces containing discretized meta-atoms require additional electrodes, Babinet-inspired slot-antenna-based plasmonic metasurfaces suffer from low efficiencies and limited phase coverage for copolarized optical fields. Capitalizing on the concepts of conventional MIM and slot-antenna metasurfaces, we design and experimentally demonstrate a new type of optical reflective metasurfaces consisting of mirror-coupled slot antennas (MCSAs). By tuning the dimensions of rectangular-shaped nanoapertures atop a dielectric-coated gold mirror, we achieve efficient phase modulation within a sufficiently large range of 320 deg and realize functional phase-gradient metadevices for beam steering and beam splitting in the near-infrared range. The fabricated samples show (22 % ± 2 % ) diffraction efficiency for beam steering and (17 % ± 1 % ) for beam splitting at the wavelength of 790 nm. The considered MCSA configuration, dispensing with auxiliary electrodes, offers an alternative and promising platform for electrically controlled reflective spatiotemporal metasurfaces.
Impact of Digital Transformation and Big Data Analytic Capabilities of The Indonesian Bank Profitability

This study analyzed the impact of digital transformation (DT) and big data analytic capabilities (BDAC) on bank profitability, which is proxied by ROA and ROE. This study also examined the moderation effect of institutional ownership on digital transformation (DT) relationships on bank profitability. This research uses a quantitative approach with a panel data model. The sample of this study was 34 banks listed on the Indonesian Stock Exchange from 2018 to 2021, with a total observation of 136 firm years. This research uses secondary data derived from annual reports and company financial reports. This study shows that big data analytic capabilities have no significant effect on bank profitability, which means that the impact of the application of technology is not immediately visible. This study shows that digital transformation decreased the company’s profitability. Institutional ownership failed to moderate the relationship between digital transformation on bank profitability. This finding implies the importance of companies being careful in investing in digital transformation and big data analytics because the costs outweigh the benefits in the short term.
A Statistical Framework to Identify the Influence of Large-Scale Weather Events on Regional Air Pollution

AbstractRegional air pollution episodes occur as a result of increased emissions and prevalence of conducive meteorological conditions. The frequency of occurrence of such favorable conditions on a regional scale may be influenced by large-scale climatic events like ENSO and the Pacific decadal oscillation (PDO). The scarcity of measurements of criteria pollutants, especially ozone and particulate matter (PM), prior to the last 10–15-yr period, limits the scope of observing the influence of climate variability during recent decades on regional pollution levels. The authors propose a novel statistical framework to utilize available measurements and characterize synoptic influences on regional PM pollution in California’s Central Valley during 1998–2008. The identified target conditions are used to develop a classification scheme to scan historical climate datasets dating back to 1948. The procedure identifies exceedance-conducive days during 1950–98, when no PM2.5 measurements were available. Temporal patt.
The Scientific Research Of Lord Rayleigh

Let us confess at the very beginning of this article that Lord Rayleigh did not have very much to do with automotive safety. In fact, when he was born in 1842 the entire concept of self-powered vehicles was still considered to be science fiction, although the steam locomotive had just been invented and railroads were beginning to spread outwards from London. Towards the end of his life, the family acquired a touring car to take him to the railroad station for his many trips to London, but I do not believe Rayleigh himself ever learned to drive a car.
AN INEQUALITY FOR CERTAIN SCHLICHT FUNCTIONS

Let S denote the classical family of schlicht functions f on the unit disk E which have the Taylor expansion f(z) =Z+ j'=2 Ajzi. Recently Ozawa [5] used the Grunsky inequalities and an inequality of Jenkins to show that if A2 >? 0 then RA6 ? 6 with equality occurring only for the Koebe slit function Z/(1 -Z)2. In this note we shall show that if Aa is real for j? p then (RA_ <n for n_ 2p+1 with equality occurring only for one of the Koebe slit functions Z/(1 + z) 2. This will be established by using a continuity argument to deduce from Jenkins' General Coefficient Theorem [i] that the extremal functions for this coefficient problem have real coefficients. Let Sp = {fES: Aj is real for j_p}, S -= {fES: A, is real for every j}. Set Vp,n= {(RA1, , 6A n): fCSp} Let Hn, (e= +1) denote the metric space of symmetric pairs (Q, g) defined as follows. First Q ==P(w)dw2 is a quadratic differential on the Riemann sphere R of the canonical form
Recursive functions of one variable

We say that the function F is obtained by general recursion from A, B, M, and N if (i) FA = M, FB = NF and (ii) every natural number n belongs to (R(BkA) for some k >0. If F satisfies (i), then F(BkAt) =NkMt. If A and B satisfy (ii), then every natural number n is BkAt for some k and t. Hence F is uniquely determined. Furthermore if A, B, M, and N are computable functions, then given n, we can obtain k and t effectively so F is computable. Condition (ii) is satisfied if A is the zero function 0 and B is tlle successor function S. There is a function obtained by general recursion from 0, S, M, and N if and only if M is a constant function, say M=SmO. Then Ft=Nem. Thus, iteration is included in general recursion. If G is a permutation, then F=G-1 can be obtained by general recursion from GS, GO, S, and 0 since FGS = S, FGO = OF, and every n belongs to (R((GO)kGS) for k = 0 or k =1. More generally, if F is determined by FG = H where G assumes all values, then F is obtained by general recursion from GS, GO, HS, and HO since FGS = HS, FGO =HOF, and the side condition holds as before.
A study of quantum dynamics in the classically chaotic regime

The authors examine the effect of the Coulomb singularity on the classical and semiclassical dynamics of the one-dimensional model for atomic hydrogen, sometimes called the surface-state-electron model, in a periodic electric field and determine a necessary condition, in terms of the field strength, frequency and the initial quantum number, for the violation of the uncertainty principle. They show that when this violation occurs the quantal transition probabilities are significantly less than the equivalent classical probabilities. This criterion is tested numerically and shown to provide a good estimate of the boundary to one of the regions in which classical dynamics fails. The authors also show that when the uncertainty principle is not violated the fluctuations of the quantal about the classical probability spectra can be related to structure in classical phase space. These fluctuations are due to different classical and quantal transport through cantori.