Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Initial Glasgow Coma Scale score predicts outcome following thrombolysis for posterior circulation stroke.

BACKGROUND Randomized trials of thrombolytic stroke treatment have either excluded patients with posterior circulation ischemia or used inclusion criteria making enrollment of these patients less likely. Consequently, there is less published information on thrombolytic therapy for posterior circulation stroke. OBJECTIVE To determine effective thrombolytic treatment times for posterior circulation stroke and factors that might help predict clinical outcome. DESIGN We describe our experience treating 21 consecutive patients with either intravenous or intra-arterial thrombolytic therapy for posterior circulation ischemic stroke between October 9, 1993, and February 19, 2001. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale, Glasgow Coma Scale, and modified Rankin Scale scores were evaluated at baseline, and the modified Rankin Scale was measured 3 months after stroke, with a good outcome being a modified Rankin Scale score of 2 or less. RESULTS Nine patients received intravenous therapy; 12 patients received intra-arterial therapy. The median National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale score at onset was 20 (range, 2-39), and the median Glasgow Coma Scale score was 9 (range, 3-15). Twelve patients were treated within 8 hours of symptom onset (range, 1 1/2 hours to 16 days). Nine patients (43%) had a modified Rankin Scale score of 2 or less at 3 months. The initial Glasgow Coma Scale score and treatment within 8 hours of symptom onset were each associated with good outcome, but the initial National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale score was not predictive. CONCLUSIONS Thrombolytic therapy for posterior circulation stroke may be beneficial even when initiated 8 hours after symptom onset. Level of consciousness, as measured by Glasgow Coma Scale score, seems to be a more important predictor of outcome than the initial National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale score.
Regularity of solutions to a time-fractional diffusion equation

We prove estimates for the partial derivatives of the solution to a time-fractional diffusion equation posed over a bounded spatial domain. Such estimates are needed for the analysis of effective numerical methods, particularly since the solution is typically less regular than in the familiar case of classical diffusion. doi:10.1017/S1446181111000617
Exploring Qualitative Probabilistic Networks for knowledge modeling in Cognitive Wireless Networks

The suitability of using Qualitative Probabilistic Networks (QPN) for knowledge modeling and inference in Cognitive Wireless Networks is studied in this paper. This can be considered as a light weight approach compared to the complexity associated with the use of Bayesian Networks. This study brings out the advantages and issues involved in using QPN for modeling the dynamic behavior of wireless networks. Application and limitations of using QPN is illustrated with the modeling of a cognitive radio link and subsequently its performance while driving a link adaptation. The same methodology is extendable to model network layer behaviors as well.
A slack-based method to clamping force optimization for fixture design

After being located on a machine bed or a fixture, a workpiece will be actuated by gravity, cutting and inertia force during the machining operation. In order to keep the locating precision as well as the production safety, it is necessary to maintain the workpiece stability during the entire machining process. However, insufficient clamping forces cannot prevent the workpiece from translation and rotations whereas excessive clamping forces may cause strongly the improper workpiece deformations. Therefore, analysis and characterization of clamping forces are important in the fixture design task. This paper presents a mechanistic model for optimally determining the clamping forces. The fixture and workpiece are considered to be rigid bodies, and the model solution is proposed as a constrained quadratic optimization by applying the minimum norm principle. In order to efficiently compute the clamping forces, the constrained quadratic optimization is feasibly slacked into the constrained linear programming problem. The presented approach is conceptually simple and computationally efficient. It is particularly useful in the early stages of fixture design and process planning.
Defining the Checkpoint Interval for Uncoordinated Checkpointing Protocols

Parallel applications running on large computers suffer from the absence of a reliable environment. Fault tolerance proposals, in general, rely on rollback-recovery strategies supported by checkpoint and/or message logging. There are well-defined models that address the optimum checkpoint interval for coordinated checkpointing. Nevertheless, there is a lack of models concerning uncoordinated checkpointing combined with message logging. First we present a model designed for serial applications or coordinated checkpointing-based solutions. Our contribution is the extension of this model to a scenario based on uncoordinated checkpointing combined with message logging. We introduce two key points to minimise the fault tolerance overhead for parallel applications. The first is the use of a factor to represent the dependency relation between processes. The second is the use a specific checkpoint intervals for each process. Experiments show that our model performs as well as previous studies for serial applications or coordinated checkpointing. While running parallel applications using uncoordinated checkpointing combined with message logging, our checkpoint interval model effectively minimises the overhead introduced by the fault tolerance tasks. Moreover, the overhead prediction error is smaller than 5% for all applications tested.
DEEP EXTRAGALACTIC X-RAY SURVEYS

▪ Abstract Deep surveys of the cosmic X-ray background are reviewed in the context of observational progress enabled by the Chandra X-Ray Observatory and the X-Ray Multi-Mirror Mission-Newton. The sources found by deep surveys are described along with their redshift and luminosity distributions, and the effectiveness of such surveys at selecting active galactic nuclei (AGN) is assessed. Some key results from deep surveys are highlighted, including (a) measurements of AGN evolution and the growth of supermassive black holes, (b) constraints on the demography and physics of high-redshift AGN, (c) the X-ray AGN content of infrared and submillimeter galaxies, and (d) X-ray emission from distant starburst and normal galaxies. We also describe some outstanding problems and future prospects for deep extragalactic X-ray surveys.
3p14 De Novo Interstitial Microdeletion in a Patient with Intellectual Disability and Autistic Features with Language Impairment: A Comparison with Similar Cases

To date, few cases of 3p proximal interstitial deletions have been reported and the phenotype and genotype correlation is not well understood. Here, we report a new case of a 3p proximal interstitial deletion. The patient is an 11-year-old female with speech and social interaction difficulties, learning disability, and slight facial dysmorphism, but no other major malformations. An 8 Mb de novo interstitial deletion at 3p14.2-p14.1, from position 60.461. 316 to 68.515. 453, was revealed by means of array comparative genomic hybridization and confirmed using quantitative reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction assays. This region includes six genes: FEZF2, CADPS, SYNPR, ATXN7, PRICKLE, and MAGI1, that are known to have a role in neurodevelopment. These genes are located on the proximal side of the deletion. We compare our case with previously well-defined patients reported in the literature and databases.
Paleoenvironmental and Cultural Implications of Late Holocene Archaeological Faunas from the Orange Free State and North-Central Cape Province, South Africa

Paleoenvironmental and Cultural Implications of Late Holocene Archaeological Faunas from the Orange Free State and North-Central Cape Province, South Africa Author(s): Richard G. Klein Source: The South African Archaeological Bulletin, Vol. 34, No. 129 (Jun., 1979), pp. 34-49 Published by: South African Archaeological Society Stable URL: http://www.jstor. org/stable/3888169 Accessed: 20-05-2015 19:27 UTC
Implication of New WHO Growth Standards on Identification of Risk Factors and Estimated Prevalence of Malnutrition in Rural Malawian Infants

Background The World Health Organization (WHO) released new Child Growth Standards in 2006 to replace the current National Center for Health Statistics (NCHS) growth reference. We assessed how switching from the NCHS to the newly released WHO Growth Standards affects the estimated prevalence of wasting, underweight and stunting, and the pattern of risk factors identified. Methodology/Principal Findings Data were drawn from a village-informant driven Demographic Surveillance System in Northern Malawi. Children (n = 1328) were visited twice at 0–4 months and 11–15 months. Data were collected on the demographic and socio-economic environment of the child, health history, maternal and child anthropometry and child feeding practices. Weight-for-length, weight-for-age and length-for-age were derived in z-scores using the two growth references. In early infancy, prevalence estimates were 2.9, 6.1, and 8.5 fold higher for stunting, underweight, and wasting respectively using the WHO standards compared to NCHS reference (p<0.001 for all). At one year, prevalence estimates for wasting and stunting did not differ significantly according to reference used, but the prevalence of underweight was half that with the NCHS reference (p<0.001). Patterns of risk factors were similar with the two growth references for all outcomes at one year although the strength of association was higher with WHO standards. Conclusions/Significance Differences in prevalence estimates differed in magnitude but not direction from previous studies. The scale of these differences depends on the population's nutritional status thus it should not be assumed a priori. The increase in estimated prevalence of wasting in early infancy has implications for feeding programs targeting lactating mothers and ante-natal multiple micronutrients supplementation to tackle small birth size. Risk factors identified using WHO standards remain comparable with findings based on the NCHS reference in similar settings. Further research should aim to identify whether the young infants additionally diagnosed as malnourished by this new standard are more appropriate targets for interventions than those identified with the NCHS reference.
Cardiac motion analysis from magnetic resonance imaging: Cine magnetic resonance versus tagged magnetic resonance

The objective of this work is to compare the results obtained from the motion analysis of tagged vs. CINE MR sequences when using spatio-temporal non-rigid registration techniques based on pixel intensity. Those techniques have been previously validated on tagged MR images. Moreover, registration algorithms have been applied to MR CINE sequences to obtain radial displacement and strain parameters demonstrating its usefulness to quantify regional myocardial function. Tagged and CINE MR short axis sequences from 10 subjects were examined. Four segments were manually selected in both the tagged MR and CINE sequences. Automatic estimation of the myocardial motion field was performed using a consecutive non-rigid registration algorithm based on a semilocal Bspline parametric model. Finally, a statistical analysis was applied to compare the systolic displacement and strain estimations from both types of sequences. An important discrepancy between results obtained from tagged MR based strain analysis and CINE MR has been found.
The Kindergarten Rule of Sustainable Growth 3 / 13 / 2003

The relationship between economic growth and the environment is not well understood: we have only limited understanding of the basic science involved and very limited data. Because of these difficulties it is especially important to develop a series of relatively simple theoretical models that generate stark predictions. This paper presents one such model where societies implement “the Kindergarten rule of sustainable growth. ” Following the Kindergarten rule means implementing zero emission technologies in either finite time or asymptotically. The underlying simplicity of the model allows us to provide new predictions linking the path of environmental quality to pollutant characteristics (stocks vs. flows; toxics vs. irritants) and primitives of the economic system. It also provides a novel Environmental Catch-up Hypothesis. Address for Correspondence: Department of Economics, University of WisconsinMadison, 6448 Social Science Bldg, 1180 Observatory Drive, Madison, WI, 53705. Email: staylor@ssc.wisc. edu; wbrock@ssc.wisc. edu. We gratefully acknowledge funding from the National Science Foundation and the UW-Vilas Trust.
High-Speed Multi-Stage ATM Switch Based on Hierarchical Cell Resequencing Architecture and WDM Interconnection

This paper proposesd a non-blocking multistage ATM switch based on a hierarchical-cell-resequencing (HCR) mechanism and high-speed WDM interconnection and reports on its feasibility study. In a multi-stage ATM switch, cellbased routing is effective to make the switch non-blocking, because all traffic is randomly distributed over intermediate switching stages. But due to the multi-path conditions, cells may arrive out of sequence at the output of the switching fabric. Therefore, resequencing must be performed either at each output of the final switching stage or at the output of each switching stage. The basic HCR switch performs cell resequencing in a hierarchical manner when switching cells from an input-lines to a output-line. As a result, the cell sequence in each output of the basic HCR switch is recovered. A multi-stage HCR switch is constructed by interconnecting the input-lines and output-lines of these basic HCR switches in a hierarchical manner. Therefore, the cell sequence in each final output of the switching fabric is conserved in a hierarchical manner. In this way, cell-based routing becomes possible and a multi-stage ATM switch with the HCR mechanism can achieve 100% throughput without any internal speedup techniques. Because a large-capacity multi-stage HCR switch needs a huge number of high-speed signal interconnections, a breakthrough in compact optical interconnection technology is required. Therefore, this paper proposes a WDM interconnection system with an optical router arrayed waveguide filter (AWGF) that interconnects high-speed switch elements effectively and reports its feasibility study. In this architecture, each switch element is addressed by a unique wavelength. As a result, a switch in a previous stage can transmit a cell to any switch in the next stage by only selecting its cell transmission wavelength. To make this system feasible, we developed a wide-channel-spacing optical router AWGF and compact 10-Gbit/s optical transmitter and receiver modules with a compact high-power electroabsorption distributed feedback (EA-DFB) laser and a new bit decision circuit. Using these modules, we confirmed stable operation of the WDM interconnection. This switch architecture and WDM interconnection system should enable the development of highspeed ATM switching systems that can achieve throughput of over 1 Tbit/s. key words: ATM, non-blocking, multi-stage switch, WDM, interconnection
BOOSTER: Development of a toolbox for triage of large group of individuals exposed to radioactive material

The effective management of an event involving the exposure of a large number of people to radioactive material requires a mechanism for fast triage of exposed people. BOOSTER is a project founded by the European Union under the Seventh Framework Programme, addressing this requirement. It is a capability project designed to provide an integrated system which could easily be deployed and used. For this purpose, the BOOSTER consortium, relying on the expertise of seven members, researches and develops new approaches to allow an effective and fast management of most kind of nuclear threats. BOOSTER System was designed to help first responders mitigating the crisis by providing the necessary information to quickly assess the radiological situation, to support triage staff in performing an efficient and fast categorization of the potentially affected victims, and to give medical staff crucial information for further treatment at medium or long term post-accident.
Establishment of an Interprofessional, Student-Led, Community-Based, Free Clinic

This report describes an innovative, team-based model for the development of an interprofessional, student-led, community-based, free clinic. The 12th Street Health and Wellness Centerâ€™s creation was a direct collaboration of university administration, faculty from the various university colleges, students, and the community for the purpose of providing basic healthcare for the neighboring medically underserved population. Inclusion of the target community in the planning and implementation processes allowed for easy identification of neighborhood needs while providing community stakeholders a leadership role in creation and operations. Challenges in establishing the clinic are discussed including financial support, volunteer recruitment, and scheduling. Primary care services are provided by student teams from five colleges and a graduate school in a model that engages all students in interprofessional interactions throughout the patient visit. Each student team presents their assessment and plan to an interprofessional preceptor team who oversees and facilitates discussions regarding refining the diagnosis, identifying further assessment needed, and outlining the most appropriate plan. This model of patient care is embraced by students, preceptors, and patients while providing the opportunity for interprofessional education as healthcare students from several professions learn from, about, and with each other.
FORMAL SPECIFICATION OF RELATIONAL MODEL OF DATA IN Z-NOTATION *

The aim of this paper is to specify formally the Relational Model of Data. This specification could be extended to cover Object-Relational Model of Data and Data Streams. 1. Introduction. In this paper, a Relational Model of Data (RMD) is specified following its original presentation given in [1]. Z-notation is used as formal notation. It is now an international standard [2]. The original presentation of RDM is not formalized, nor detailed or consistent. It contains many open topics, which have been solved later in different ways. In a formal specification such topics could not be evaded. The investigation on the topic shows that there is only one attempt in that direction [3]. It is a Master Thesis that is very huge and impractical to be used as a basis for any extensions.
Coupled Interannual Variability of Wind and Sea Surface Temperature in the Caribbean Sea and the Gulf of Mexico

<p>This work describes dominant patterns of coupled interannual variability of the 10-m wind and sea surface temperature in the Caribbean Sea and the Gulf of Mexico (CS&GM) during the period 1982&#8211;2016. Using a canonical correlation analysis (CCA) between the monthly mean anomalies of these fields, four coupled variability modes are identified: the dipole (March&#8211;April), transition (May&#8211;June), interocean (July&#8211;October), and meridional-wind (November&#8211;February) modes. Results show that El Ni&#241;o&#8211;Southern Oscillation (ENSO) influences almost all the CS&GM coupled modes, except the transition mode, and that the North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO) in February has a strong negative correlation with the dipole and transition modes. The antisymmetric relationships found between the dipole mode and the NAO and ENSO indices confirm previous evidence about the competing remote forcings of both teleconnection patterns on the tropical North Atlantic variability. Precipitation in the CS and adjacent oceanic and land areas is sensitive to the wind&#8211;SST coupled variability modes from June to October. These modes seem to be strongly related to the interannual variability of the midsummer drought and the meridional migration of the intertropical convergence zone in the eastern Pacific. These findings may eventually lead to improving seasonal predictability in the CS&GM and surrounding land areas. </p>
Microfluidic Chip for Direct Detection of E. coli O157:H7 in Ground Beef via Anti-Digoxigenin Immuno-PCR Assay

Microfluidic chip was successfully fabricated from polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) and used for direct detection of E.coli O157:H7 in ground beef via anti-digoxigenin immuno-PCR. The PDMS channels were functionalized with 100 µg/ml streptavidin at room temperature for 6 min. A recovery of 60% ± 3.4 was obtained when bacterial cells were extracted from seeded ground beef using differential centrifugation. ProMag bind- TM
Design, analysis, and performance verification of a water jet thruster for amphibious jumping robot

In nature, certain aquatic animals and seabirds are capable of leaping from water surface and overcoming aquatic obstacles with ease. Inspired by that, researchers have developed various underwater robots, which can perform the aquatic jumping motion. Although there are several ways to achieve it, the water jet propulsion is the most appropriate approach for the amphibious jumping robot, which is under development. In this paper, a high-performance water jet thruster powered by liquid nitrogen is proposed to be the potential actuator for the amphibious jumping robot. The theoretical jumping model is built to optimize the initial volume fraction of water inside thruster and analyze its parameters' variation during water jet. Then the computational fluid dynamics simulations by ANSYS FLUENT software are carried out to analyze the self-pressurization process of liquid nitrogen as well as the water jet process. Finally, the proof-of-concept outdoor experiments present that the 3.7 kg thruster's maximum aquatic and terrestrial jumping heights are 25.1 m and 24.4 m, respectively. A simple heat transfer analysis between water and liquid nitrogen is also conducted, and the order of magnitude estimation of heat transfer coefficient is given to be 265W/ (m2·K) based on the experimental reaction time.
Factors Related to Preventive Behaviors Among Parent Caregivers of Children Under Five Years with Acute Respiratory Tract Infection in Myanmar

Background : Acute respiratory tract infection (ARI) is the second-leading cause of death worldwide among children, especially among those aged <5 years. Thus, it is imperative to understand parent caregivers' perception of ARI and their preventive behaviors. Methods : This descriptive correlation study included 116 parent caregivers at an out-patient department of a 550-bedded Children Hospital, in Mandalay, Myanmar. The correlation between preventive behaviors and parent caregivers' perception on ARI was measured using Becker's Health Belief Model-based questionnaires. Descriptive statistics and spearmen's rank-order collection test were used for data analysis. Results : Our results revealed that parent caregivers' perception was at a moderate level, and preventive behaviors among parent caregivers were at a poor level during wellness and sickness conditions. The average score of the parent caregivers' preventive behaviors in ARI was 23.57 ± 3.22). Significant positive relationships were noted between perceived susceptibility, perceived severity, perceived benefits, and cues to action and preventive behaviors of parent caregivers ( p < 0.05, p < 0.01, p < 0.05, and p < 0.01, respectively). Conclusion : The results supported the health belief model: Health care personnel should provide a theory-based health education program toward improving the parent caregivers' preventive behaviors with ARI children.