Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
“Well; I think…”, the Dominant Hedges Uttered by Males in Daily Communication: A Sociolinguistic Study

Hedges are linguistics features that were previously considered by some researchers as the characterization of women's speech to show hesitation and uncertainty of the speech regarding the character of discussion and the sensitivity of the questions. However, this claim was remain debatable by another researcher since the use of hedges cannot be correlated to any specific gender. This study was conducted to reveal the use of hedges can also be employed by males in an informal daily conversation, discussing lights topic and questions that often appear. The conducted study was supported by the transcription from the recorded online meeting with males native and non-native English speakers. The transcribed recorded online meeting was useful to examine the hedges as the participants' expressions in the discussion. The results of the study showed that males also utilized hedges in an informal discussion, and the most frequent one is verbal filler will. The hedges uttered by both males native and non-native were various such as to give them chance to think, to reduce the impact delivered, self-disclosure, and appraise someone's idea. The findings also found that the use of hedges by males in casual daily conversation is normal, in regard to saving the speaker's name toward the interlocutor when discussing a sensitive topic or answering a sensitive question.
Cosmic black-hole hair growth and quasar OJ287

An old result (astro-ph/9905303) by Jacobson implies that a black hole with Schwarzschild radius rs acquires scalar hair, Qrs2μ, when the (canonically normalized) scalar field in question is slowly time-dependent far from the black hole, ∂t μMp with μrs << 1 time-independent. Such a time dependence could arise in scalar-tensor theories either from cosmological evolution, or due to the slow motion of the black hole within an asymptotic spatial gradient in the scalar field. Most remarkably, the amount of scalar hair so induced is independent of the strength with which the scalar couples to matter. We argue that Jacobson's Miracle Hair-Growth Formula© implies, in particular, that an orbiting pair of black holes can radiate dipole radiation, provided only that the two black holes have different masses. Quasar OJ287, situated at redshift z 0.306, has been argued to be a double black-hole binary system of this type, whose orbital decay recently has been indirectly measured and found to agree with the predictions of General Relativity to within 6%. We argue that the absence of observable scalar dipole radiation in this system yields the remarkable bound |μ| < (16 days)−1 on the instantaneous time derivative at this redshift (as opposed to constraining an average field difference, Δ, over cosmological times), provided only that the scalar is light enough to be radiated — i.e. m10−23 eV — independent of how the scalar couples to matter. This can also be interpreted as constraining (in a more model-dependent way) the binary's motion relative to any spatial variation of the scalar field within its immediate vicinity within its host galaxy.
Language Style Used in the Body of Truck : Grammatical Fluidity and Social Function

Style in a language is frequently used to bring up the intention between the writer and the reader as a real interaction between the speaker and the hearer. Therefore, the phenomenon of language style used in the body of the truck is rewarding to convey different information that presents specific messages. To build a message that relates to social life, the words need context in the view of pragmatics in which the role of semantic meaning is needed as well inflicts the humor sense as regards the social function. In discovering the analysis, a qualitative approach is required for the research. The result shows three language styles appear on words in the body of the truck namely formal style, informal style, and colloquial style. Then, elaborate language meaning in the side of context in pragmatic. The result indicates that physical, epistemic, linguistic, and social contexts are beneficial to point out the message of words on the body truck. Finally, this study found the extent of semantic meaning from words on the body truck relates to social life which contains senses relation of analytic, synthetic, and contradictory. This may suggest that delivering messages in the written mode can be beneficial to the reader especially if it conceives a sense of humor which produce different stereotypes inside the language and is connected through social life.
RelEmb: A relevance-based application embedding for Mobile App retrieval and categorization

Information Retrieval Systems have revolutionized the organization and extraction of Information. In recent years, mobile applications (apps) have become primary tools of collecting and disseminating information. However, limited research is available on how to retrieve and organize mobile apps on users' devices. In this paper, authors propose a novel method to estimate app-embeddings which are then applied to tasks like app clustering, classification, and retrieval. Usage of app-embedding for query expansion, nearest neighbor analysis enables unique and interesting use cases to enhance end-user experience with mobile apps.
Micropropagation and cytological studies of Aole vera Linn

Aloe vera Linn. is an essential medicinal plant. In this present research work, a protocol of in vitro regeneration and karyomorphological analysis of Aloe vera was developed using different concentrations and compositions of media. Shoot apices of field-grown plants were used as explant and aseptically cultured on Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium fortified with different concentrations and combinations of auxins (IAA and NAA) and cytokinins (BAP and Kn). The highest number of multiple shoot buds (4.36 ± 0.07) was obtained from MS + 2.0 mg/l BAP + 1.0 mg/l IAA and induced shoot buds underwent rapid elongation (4.24 ± 0.06 cm) on the same medium composition. Half strength MS media with 2.0 mg/l IBA was suitable for induction and proliferation (6.31 ± 0.05) of roots and 95% of plantlets were acclimatized to field conditions successfully. Somatic chromosome numbers of mother and in vitro grown plants were confirmed to be 2n = 14. Chromosome length ranged from 4.28 - 13.74 µm in the naturally grown plants and 4.46 - 14.1 µm for in vitro grown plants. The total form percent (TF%) of mother and in vitro grown plants was 41.69% and 42.23%, respectively. The karyotype formula of in vivo grown plants was 2n = 14 = 4Lsm + 6Mm + 4Sm, whereas that of the micropropagated plants was 2n = 14 = 4Lsm + 4Mm + 6Sm. The frequency of the chromosome having arm more than 2:1 was 0.08 for mother plants and 0.15 for in vitro grown plants. Therefore, the karyotype of both plants falls into the 2B symmetrical type based on Stebbins classification (1971).
Weak lensing with sizes, magnitudes and shapes

Weak lensing can be observed through a number of eects on the images of distant galaxies; their shapes are sheared, their sizes and uxes (magnitudes) are magnied and their positions on the sky are modied by the lensing eld. Galaxy shapes probe the shear eld whilst size, magnitude and number density probe the convergence eld. Both contain cosmological information. In this paper we are concerned with the magnication of the size and magnitude of individual galaxies as a probe of cosmic convergence and address three key questions: given a size, magnitude and redshift, how do we estimate the convergence eld? What is the intrinsic distribution of sizes and magnitudes for a typical lensing survey and how does the shape of this distribution determine our ability to infer convergence? For the observed size-magnitude distribution, how much additional information might we expect to extract from magnication in addition to cosmic shear? We develop a Bayesian approach for inferring the convergence eld from a measured size, magnitude and redshift and demonstrate that the inference on convergence requires detailed knowledge of the joint distribution of intrinsic sizes and magnitudes. We build a simple parameterised model for the sizemagnitude distribution and estimate this distribution for CFHTLenS galaxies. In light of the measured distribution, we show that the typical dispersion on convergence estimation is 0:8, compared to 0:38 for shear. We discuss the possibility of physical systematics for magnication (similar to intrinsic alignments for shear) and compute the expected gains in the Dark Energy Figure-of-Merit (FoM) from combining magnication with shear for dierent
Angular Signatures of Annihilating Dark Matter in the Cosmic Gamma-Ray Background

The extragalactic cosmic gamma-ray background (CGB) is an interesting channel to look for signatures of dark matter annihilation. In particular, besides the imprint in the energy spectrum, peculiar anisotropy patterns are expected compared to the case of a pure astrophysical origin of the CGB. We take into account the uncertainties in the dark matter clustering properties on subgalactic scales, deriving two possible anisotropy scenarios. A clear dark matter angular signature is achieved when the annihilation signal receives only a moderate contribution from subgalactic clumps and/or cuspy haloes. Experimentally, if galactic foreground systematics are efficiently kept under control, the angular differences are detectable with the forthcoming GLAST observatory, provided that the annihilation signal contributes to the CGB for a fraction $\ensuremath{\gtrsim}10\char21{}20%$. If, instead, subgalactic structures have a more prominent role, the astrophysical and dark matter anisotropies become degenerate, correspondingly diluting the dark matter signature. As complementary observables we also introduce the cross correlation between surveys of galaxies and the CGB and the cross correlation between different energy bands of the CGB, and we find that they provide a further sensitive tool to detect the dark matter angular signatures.
Surface and volume plasmons in metallic nanospheres in a semiclassical RPA-type approach: Near-field coupling of surface plasmons with the semiconductor substrate

The random-phase-approximation semiclassical scheme for description of plasmon excitations in large metallic nanospheres, with radius range 10-60 nm, is formulated in an all-analytical version. The spectrum of plasmons is determined including both surface and volume type excitations and their mutual connections. The various channels for damping of surface plasmons are evaluated and the relevant resonance shifts are compared with the experimental data for metallic nanoparticles of different size located in dielectric medium or on the semiconductor substrate. The strong enhancement of energy transfer from the surface plasmon oscillations to the substrate semiconductor is explained in the regime of a near-field coupling in agreement with recent experimental observations for metallically nanomodified photo-diode systems.
Impact of chitosan on quality and storability of plums (Prunus salicina) under supermarket conditions

In the present study, effect of chitosan coating on storage quality of plum fruit (Prunus salicina Lindley. cv. Santa Rosa) was investigated under supermarket conditions during 2013 at ICAR-IARI. After coating the plum fruits with 2% chitosan and water, they were stored at 20Â±1Â°C and 90Â±2% RH for 15 days. Fruit firmness, colour characteristics (hue and chroma), respiration and ethylene evolution rate, physiological loss in weight, antioxidant activity and total phenols were measured along with the activities for pectin methylesterase and malondialdehyde content. Chitosan application resulted in better firmness of fruits, retarded ethylene evolution and respiration rates and least colour changes as compared with the control. Reduction of total phenolics and antioxidant activity were also significantly inhibited by chitosan. Furthermore, fruits coated with chitosan also exhibited a significantly lower pectin methylesterase activity throughout the storage period. Moreover, the production of malondialdehyde was significantly reduced in the coated samples. The results clearly demonstrate that dip treatment of fruits in 2% chitosan could be an effective means to enhance the shelf-life and maintain postharvest quality of Santa Rosa plums during storage.
Strong-field ionization of N2 and CO molecules using two-color laser field

Two-color strong-field photoionization of two diatomic molecules (N2, CO) is studied using a velocity map imaging (VMI) spectrometer. The fundamental frequency, along with the second harmonic (800 + 400 nm) at different phases, with the two different polarization schemes viz, orthogonal and parallel, is employed for measuring the ion yields and photoelectron momentum distributions. The yield of the parent ion and its charged fragments as a function of the phase difference between the two-color field has been studied thoroughly, and the results are presented here. The correlation trends of the parent ion with their fragments as a function of the relative phase are discussed. It is observed that the ionized CO and its fragments have different correlation trends at different polarization schemes. Additionally, the photoelectron momentum distribution of N2 and CO due to orthogonal two-color (OTC) and parallel two-color (PTC) is performed in order to understand the modulation of electron dynamics as a function of phase between 800 nm and 400 nm. Further, the asymmetry parameter as a function of electron momenta due to the two-color fields has been estimated and discussed.
ESTIMATES OF EIGENVALUES FOR UNIFORMLY ELLIPTIC OPERATOR OF SECOND ORDER

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The Impact of Professional Development on Inservice Teachers’ Culturally Responsive Practices and Students’ Reading Achievement

ABSTRACT This study examined the impact of a professional development in culturally responsive practices on in-service teacher practices and student achievement in reading. Using a concurrent explanatory mixed method design that incorporated quasi-experimental analysis of implementation and achievement data alongside inductive analysis of interview data, researchers investigated effects of the professional development on 21 K-8 teachers and their students. Results indicated that participating teachers grew significantly in their implementation of culturally responsive practices as compared to a control group. Students whose teachers participated in the professional development made significantly higher gains in reading achievement than students in control classes. Teachers linked changes in family collaboration, instruction, discourse, and critical consciousness to higher student achievement.
Opposite eco-hydrological processes in flood and drought years caused comparable anomaly in dry-season canopy growth over southern Amazon

While the influences of droughts on Amazon rainforest have been extensively examined, little attention was paid to the extremely wet years characterized by low radiation which may limit the rainforest growth. Here, based on a series of satellite-observed vegetation and hydro-meteorological products, we found a two-stage canopy growth anomaly in the record-breaking wet year 2009, i.e. negative anomalies during April–July followed by positive ones during August–November. Our analysis suggests that, in April–July, low radiation associated with above-average rainfall and cloud cover was the most likely cause for negative anomalies in the canopy growth. In August–November, the rainfall and cloud cover were close to the average, but the solar radiation reaching the land surface was considerably above the average. This was because the atmospheric aerosols were extremely low, resulting from reduced biomass burning activities under the wet conditions. Large-scale positive anomalies in the canopy growth were observed during this 4 month period, mainly driven by the above-average radiation. During the severe drought year 2005, the forest canopy growth also experienced a two-stage process, but in the opposite order from the one in 2009. In April–July, enhanced canopy growth was observed in response to the above-average radiation. With the drought progress and soil water depletion, the canopy senescence was observed during the drought peak in August–November. Interestingly, if we examined the regional canopy growth anomaly during the typical dry season (i.e. July–September), both years showed similarly negative anomalies, but resulting from opposite eco-hydrological processes. This study identifies the explanation for the negative anomalies in the dry-season canopy growth over southern Amazon rainforest in both flood and drought years, and also underscores the necessity to separate different hydro-meteorological stages to better understand vegetation responses to extreme events.
The Inﬂuence of Atlantic Sea Surface Temperature Anomalies on the North Atlantic Oscillation *

The inﬂuence of Atlantic sea surface temperature (SST) anomalies on the atmospheric circulation over the North Atlantic sector during winter is investigated by performing experiments with an atmospheric general circulation model. These consist of a 30-yr run with observed SST anomalies for the period 1961–90 conﬁned geographically to the Atlantic Ocean, and of a control run with climatological SSTs prescribed globally. A third 30-yr integration with observed SSTs conﬁned to the South Atlantic is made to conﬁrm present ﬁndings. The simulated interannual variance of 500-hPa wintertime geopotential heights over the North Atlantic attains much more realistic values when observed Atlantic SSTs are prescribed. Circulation patterns that resemble the positive phase of the North Atlantic oscillation (NAO) become more pronounced in terms of the leading EOF of winter means, and a cluster analysis of daily ﬁelds. The variance of an interannual NAO index increases by ﬁvefold over its control value. Atlantic SST variability is also found to produce an appreciable rectiﬁed response in the December–February time mean. Interannual ﬂuctuations in the simulated NAO are found to be signiﬁcantly correlated with SST anomalies over the tropical and subtropical South Atlantic. These SST anomalies are accompanied by displacements in the simulated summer monsoonal circulation over South America and the cross-equatorial regional Hadley circulation.
The Weight Function in the Subtree Kernel is Decisive

Tree data are ubiquitous because they model a large variety of situations, e.g., the architecture of plants, the secondary structure of RNA, or the hierarchy of XML files. Nevertheless, the analysis of these non-Euclidean data is difficult per se. In this paper, we focus on the subtree kernel that is a convolution kernel for tree data introduced by Vishwanathan and Smola in the early 2000's. More precisely, we investigate the influence of the weight function from a theoretical perspective and in real data applications. We establish on a 2-classes stochastic model that the performance of the subtree kernel is improved when the weight of leaves vanishes, which motivates the definition of a new weight function, learned from the data and not fixed by the user as usually done. To this end, we define a unified framework for computing the subtree kernel from ordered or unordered trees, that is particularly suitable for tuning parameters. We show through eight real data classification problems the great efficiency of our approach, in particular for small datasets, which also states the high importance of the weight function. Finally, a visualization tool of the significant features is derived.
Tunable Coulomb blockade in nanostructured graphene

We report on Coulomb blockade and Coulomb diamond measurements on an etched, tunable single-layer graphene quantum dot. The device consisting of a graphene island connected via two narrow graphene constrictions is fully tunable by three lateral graphene gates. Coulomb blockade resonances are observed and from Coulomb diamond measurements, a charging energy of ≈3.5meV is extracted. For increasing temperatures, we detect a peak broadening and a transmission increase of the nanostructured graphene barriers.
Three-dimensional neutrino-driven supernovae: neutron star kicks, spins, and asymmetric ejection of nucleosynthesis products

We present three-dimensional (3D) simulations of supernova explosions of nonrotating stars, triggered by the delayed neutrinoheating mechanism with a suitable choice of the core-neutrino luminosity. Our results show that asymmetric mass ejection caused by hydrodynamic instabilities can accelerate the neutron star (NS) up to recoil velocities of more than 700 km s 1 by the “gravitational tug-boat mechanism”, which is su cient to explain most observed pulsar space velocities. The associated NS spin periods for our nonrotating progenitors are about 100 ms to 8000 ms without any obvious correlation between spin and kick magnitudes or directions. This suggests that faster spins and a possible spin-kick alignment might require angular momentum in the progenitor core prior to collapse. Our simulations for the first time demonstrate a clear correlation between the size of the NS kick and anisotropic production and distribution of heavy elements created by explosive burning behind the shock. In the case of large pulsar kicks the explosion is significantly stronger opposite to the kick vector. Therefore the bulk of the explosively fused iron-group elements, in particular nickel, is ejected mostly in large clumps against the kick direction. This contrasts with the case of low recoil velocity, where the nickel-rich lumps are more isotropically distributed. Explosively produced intermediate-mass nuclei heavier than 28 Si (like 40 Ca and 44 Ti) also exhibit a significant enhancement in the hemisphere opposite to the direction of fast NS motion, while the distribution of 12 C, 16 O, and 20 Ne is not a ected, and that of 24 Mg only marginally. Mapping the spatial distribution of the heavy elements in supernova remnants with identified pulsar motion may o er an important diagnostic test of the kick mechanism. Di erent from kick scenarios based on anisotropic neutrino emission, our hydrodynamical acceleration model predicts enhanced ejection of iron-group elements and of their nuclear precursors in the direction opposite to the NS recoil.
Inertial effects on two-particle relative dispersion in turbulent flows

We report experimental results on the relative motion of pairs of solid spheric particles with initial separations in the inertial range of fully developed turbulence in water. The particle densities were in the range of 1⪅ρp/ρf⪅8, i.e., from neutrally buoyant to highly inertial; and their sizes were of the Kolmogorov scale. For all particles, we observed a Batchelor-like regime, in which particles separated ballistically. Similar to the Batchelor regime for tracers, this regime was observed in the early stages of the relative separation for times t⪅0.1t0 with t0 determined by the turbulence energy dissipation rate and the initial separation between particle pairs. In this time interval heavier particles separated faster than fluid tracers. The second-order Eulerian velocity structure functions was found to increase with density. In other words, both observations show that the relative velocity between inertial particles was larger than that between tracers. Based on the widely used, simplified equation of motion for inertial point-particles, we derived a model that shows an increase in relative velocity between inertial particles. In its scale dependence, however, it disagrees quantitatively with the experimental results. This we attribute to the preferential sampling of the flow field by inertial particles, which is not captured by the model.