Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Molecular characterization of Sarocladium oryzae isolates causing sheath rot in paddy (Oryza sativa)

Sheath rot, caused by Sarocladium oryzae (Sawada) W. Gams & D. Hawksw, is an important seed borne fungal disease of paddy (Oryza sativa L.). In the present investigation, diseased specimens were collected in kharif 2016 and 2017 from more than 55 different geographical locations spread across 15 states of the country and variability in 30 isolates of Sarocladium oryzae was studied by molecular methods. The molecular characterization using two marker systems, i.e. Inter-Simple Sequence Repeat (ISSR) and Random Amplified Polymorphic DNA (RAPD) was carried out which revealed differences in isolates collected from different geographical locations. After preliminary screening, out of 22 ISSR and 24 RAPD primers, 8 ISSR and 7 RAPD primers were used against all the isolates. Percent polymorphic ranging between 53. 1â€“100% in ISSR and 61.4â€“100% in RAPD was recorded with all the isolates. The average number of bands in ISSR markers was 63.3, and 71.8 in RAPD markers. All RAPD primers showed 100% polymorphism except OPS13 (61.4%) and OPD5 (74%). Among ISSR primers ISSR5 and ISSR18 showed 100% polymorphism. Cluster analysis of individual and combined primers was done. In the combined cluster analysis of RAPD and ISSR markers, the isolates from same geographical region were in same cluster as evident from the cluster I that includes Kadapa, Ragolu, Maruteru, West Godavari and Adutharai, which are from southern plain region of the country. Similar observations were recorded when data analysis of individual marker system was carried out which revealed that the two different marker systems applied complement each other in characterizing various isolates.
Decoherence and Measurement of Charge Qubits in Double Quantum Dots

In this thesis, theoretical studies of decoherence properties and the measurement process of a charge qubit defined in a double quantum dot structure are summarized. There have been three experimental realizations of charge qubits in double quantum dots already, where the quality factors have been quite small. Therefore, the theoretical analysis of possible decoherence mechanisms and how measurements can ideally be performed could be beneficial for the further development in new experiments.
An investigation of visual comprehension in memory for 360-degree video advertisements amongst adolescents

PurposeThe purpose of this study is to investigate visual comprehension in memory for 360-degree video advertisements amongst adolescents under single and repeated viewing conditions.Design/methodology/approachThis study explored visual comprehension in memory for 360-degree video advertisements using the theoretical assumptions of the social psychology theory of social information processing by Wyer (2003). The authors conducted two experiments over a timeline of three months. In the first experiment, participants watched the 360-degree video advertisement once, and after one week, the same set of participants watched the same advertisement again. The theoretical assumptions in the comprehension unit were used to design the experiments and to explore visual comprehension in memory for 360-degree video advertisements. The data were collected using surveys and interviews through an experimental research design approach. NVivo software was used to analyse the data.FindingsThis study found that while female participants were able to comprehend colours in the visuals better, male participants were better able to comprehend facial expressions presented in the visuals. Further, both female and male participants were able to comprehend locations within the advertisement visuals. It was found that participants understood the plot or the story of the advertisement better after the second viewing than after the first viewing.Practical implicationsThe two main contributions from this study are as follows: from a theoretical perspective, the application of a social psychology theory for the advertising sector enables us to gather more insights about the social cognition stages of a human mindset such as information retrieval, judgement, decision making, goal stimulation and short- and long-term memory. In doing so, this study not only explored adolescents' visual comprehension memory of 360-degree video advertisements, but it also contributed to the theory of social information processing by Wyer (2003) by exploring consumer visual comprehension memory. From a practical perspective, the findings of this study provide a solid foundation for future advertising firms or agencies, marketers, and salespeople on how to design effective advertisements using 360-degree video versions in a way that appeals to consumer visual memory.Originality/valueThis paper can be considered as amongst the first studies which combine social psychology with advertising to investigate visual comprehension memory for 360-degree video advertisements amongst adolescents.
Charge injection into light-emitting diodes: Theory and experiment

An analytic theory is presented for dark injection from a metallic electrode into a random hopping system, e.g., a conjugated polymer or a molecularly doped polymer. It encompasses injection of a charge carrier from the Fermi level of the electrode into tail states of the distribution of hopping states of the dielectric followed by either return of the charge carrier to the electrode or diffusive escape from the attractive image potential. The latter process resembles Onsager-type geminate pair dissociation in one dimension. The theory yields the injection current as a function of electric field, temperature and energetic width of the distribution of hopping states. At high electric fields it resembles that the current calculated from Fowler-Nordheim tunneling theory although tunneling transitions are not included in the theory. Good agreement with experimental data obtained for diode structures with conjugated polymers as a dielectric is found.
Equilibrium Properties of the Gas of Atoms of Which a Part is Excited within Cluster Expansion Method

A gas of atoms some of which are in excited electronic state is under consideration. Since the lifetime of an excited state is to great extent larger than the time required for establishing the equilibrium over translational degrees of freedom the system possesses equilibrium properties. They are determined essentially by many-particle resonance interactions that appear in the system of identical differently excited atoms. The present paper contains the results of numerical calculations dealing with the examination of virial state equation and density expansion for canonical pair spatial distribution function of the system in question with the accuracy up to three-particle contributions. The obtained results permit to study the excited atoms influence on gas-liquid phase transition and the excimer molecules formation in the gas with excited atoms.
Superlarge‐scale structure in the Durham/UKST Galaxy Redshift Survey

We report on the progress of the compilation and analysis of the Durham/UKST galaxy redshift survey. This survey will probe a large contiguous volume of space within a 1500 sq. deg. area of sky around the SGP. It will contain redshifts of ∼ 4000 galaxies of bj, l0h‐1 Mpc.
Information Search Efficacy: A New Measure and Its Initial Tests

Communication scholars have recently begun incorporating self-efficacy beliefs as a central theoretical concept in information-seeking models. However, extant research is limited by the lack of a standardized measure of information search efficacy. The current study develops and tests a short, multi-item measure of information search efficacy. The measure is developed over a series of scale-purification studies and tested for its dimensionality, reliability, and validity. The final five-item, search efficacy measure is unidimensional, internally consistent, and stable in different search contexts and across different samples (students and adults). The measure is also valid and demonstrates acceptable criterion-related, convergent, and discriminant validity.
Comparison of tele-operation and supervisory control for navigation and driving with degraded communications

Teleoperation is the currently accepted method of control of military unmanned ground vehicles (UGVs) in the field. Degraded communications affects the operator's tasks of driving, navigating and maintaining UGV situation awareness. A potential approach to address this challenge is to provide the UGV with local autonomy to generate driving commands (translation and rotation rates). This paper describes an experiment and preliminary results comparing "point-and-go" supervisory control in which the operator designates a goal point on the 2D driving display to teleoperation as a function of communications degradation and terrain roughness. Three methods of visual supervisory control were tested (visual dead reckoning and two visual sevoing methods) and compared to teleoperation.
Inscription and characterization of Bragg gratings in single-crystal sapphire optical fibres for high-temperature sensor applications

We report the fabrication and high-temperature characteristics of Bragg gratings in single-crystal sapphire fibres inscribed by infrared femtosecond laser pulses. For stable read-out of the multimode Bragg reflection signal, the sapphire fibre was illuminated by broadband light from a superluminescent diode applying a long section of a step-index multimode silica fibre. This evenly distributed excitation of many guided modes in the sapphire fibre resulted in the polychromator measurement of stable reflection peak shapes and allowed for multiplexed temperature sensing up to 1745 °C at remote read-out with repeatability better than 1 °C. During the temperature tests an annealing process of the sapphire grating was observed at temperatures above 1400 °C. Possibilities for further improvement of sensors performance are discussed with a view to avoiding instabilities from the lack of a fibre cladding that shields the sapphire waveguide from the environment.
Improved Large-Eddy Simulation Validation Methodology: Application to Supersonic Inlet/Isolator Flow

A process was demonstrated that enables more meaningful comparisons of experimental and large-eddy simulation results of the same flowfield. This approach was motivated by recent studies, which show the importance of modeling the measurement device or process when making comparisons of this nature. In the current case, a large-eddy simulation of a Mach 5 inlet/isolator flow is the subject of the validation process, a flow that was previously validated using particle image velocimetry measurements. In the present study, the particle image velocimetry measurement process is emulated by adding particles with inertia to the large-eddy simulation and using synthetic particle image velocimetry to mimic the process by which velocity data are extracted. Analysis of the particle response reveals modifications to the underlying flow consistent with the original particle image velocimetry measurements, including a drastic decrease in rms velocities in the vicinity of shockwaves and weaker velocity gradients througho.
Need for uniqueness moderates the effectiveness of different types of scarcity appeals

Marketers frequently implement scarcity messages in promoting their products. Scarcity due to demand and scarcity due to supply have both been found to influence consumers’ product evaluations positively. However, the differential effects of these two types of scarcity messages have been understudied. Study 1 manipulated scarcity appeals type and need for uniqueness orthogonally and examined their effects on purchase intention. Study 2 manipulated scarcity appeals type and tested its effect on perceived uniqueness. Study 3 manipulated scarcity appeals type and tested the moderated mediation model that perceived uniqueness mediated the interactive effects of scarcity type and need for uniqueness on purchase intention. Across three studies, we find that consumers perceive supply-based scarcity products as more unique than demand-based scarcity products. Consequently, in comparison with demand-based scarcity messages, supply-based scarcity messages increase purchase intention for consumers with high need for uniqueness. In contrast, these messages decrease purchase intention for consumers with low need for uniqueness. Our findings contribute to the research on scarcity appeals, uniqueness perception, and need for uniqueness. Our research also suggests that marketers need to implement different types of scarcity appeals to convey uniqueness information and to attract different consumers.
Optimal Planning of Parking Lots of PEVs Incorporating V2G for Reliability Improvement of Distribution Systems

The number of plug-in electric vehicles (PEV) increased significantly over the past few years and is expected to increase further in the next years due to environmental concerns and fossil fuel depletion. Distribution systems were not originally designed to accommodate this continuous prevalence of PEVs, challenging system planners to install parking lots (PLs) that support PEV charging. The literature has presented many studies for planning PLs, although it did not consider the vehicle-to-grid (V2G) contribution to improving system reliability. This paper proposes an optimal planning framework for allocating and sizing the PLs of PEVs incorporating V2G to improve the reliability of distribution systems. A combined probabilistic model of Markov Chain Monte Carlo simulation (MCMCS) and Monte Carlo simulation (MCS) is applied to capture the stochastic existence of PEVs in PLs. Reliability is evaluated based on a group of energy-oriented indices and the customer’s annual cost of interruption. A comprehensive investigation is presented to test the proposed framework on a distribution system for grid-to-vehicle (G2V) and V2G case studies. The results show the efficiency of the proposed framework in improving the reliability indices by 12% and reducing the customer cost of interruption by 10.06% while prioritizing critical customers.
A time-dependent Dyson expansion - the nuclear resonance signal in a rotating single crystal

We generalize the usual Dyson expansion to incorporate a time-dependent unperturbed Hamiltonian. The formalism is then used to perform a non-stochastic calculation of the free induction nuclear magnetic resonance decay of transverse magnetization (i.e. the Bloch decay) in a rotating single-crystal sample. We assume the magnetic nuclei to have spin one-half, to be located on a simple cubic lattice and to interact with each other by the direct dipolar interaction only. We have computed our analytic expression for a case of possible experimental interest namely a single-crystal sample of CaF2 rotating about the [1, 1, 1] axis with the main field initially along the [1, 0, 0] axis of the crystal.
A Moisture Budget Analysis of the Protracted Heat Wave in the Southern Plains during the Summer of 1980

Abstract Extreme heat and drought plagued much of the south central United States during the summer of 1980 in response to a quasi-stationary persistent anticyclone aloft. Numerous weather reporting stations in the Southern Plains experienced a dewpoint temperature decrease of about 1°C per week from late June to late July in response to the intense heat. In this paper evaporation is computed as a residual from the large-scale moisture budget based upon the observed twice daily radiosonde data. From 1 June to 31 August 1980 the average daily evaporation amounted to 8 mm for a 4 × 105 km2 region centered over Oklahoma. On individual days the evaporation was as high as 10–15 mm. Strong diurnal variations were computed in the water vapor flux, vertical velocity and horizontal divergence fields. These variations, when superimposed over persistent large-scale subsidence, yielded enhanced subsidence, low-level divergence and anticyclonic vorticity production by day and weakened subsidence by night. The maximum .
Magnetostrictive properties of amorphous and partially crystalline TbDyFe thin films

A series of amorphous and partially crystalline giant magnetostrictive thin films of the composition (Tb0.3Dy0.7)39Fe61 has been prepared by dc magnetron sputtering. The sputtering conditions were the same for all samples apart from the substrate temperature TS, which varied between 330 and 510 °C. The crystalline state and the magnetic properties of the samples were investigated in relation to the substrate temperature. Films deposited at TS=330–400 °C were amorphous. Crystallization started at TS=425 °C. The magnetostrictive coefficient λ, at 4 kOe and at room temperature, increased with increasing TS from 185 to 750 ppm at Hmax. This was related also to an increase of the Curie temperature TC from 35 to 315 °C. The hysteresis loops of the amorphous samples showed coercivities lower than 10 Oe. These samples presented λ≈300 ppm in a field of 1000 Oe. The direction of the magnetic moments in the amorphous films changed gradually from perpendicular to parallel to the film plane with increasing TS. The sam.
Causal relationship between particulate matter 2.5 and hypothyroidism: A two-sample Mendelian randomization study

Background Epidemiological surveys have found that particulate matter 2.5 (PM2.5) plays an important role in hypothyroidism. However, due to the methodological limitations of traditional observational studies, it is difficult to make causal inferences. In the present study, we assessed the causal association between PM2.5 concentrations and risk of hypothyroidism using two-sample Mendelian randomization (TSMR). Methods We performed TSMR by using aggregated data from genome-wide association studies (GWAS) on the IEU Open GWAS database. We identified seven single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) associated with PM2.5 concentrations as instrumental variables (IVs). We used inverse-variance weighting (IVW) as the main analytical method, and we selected MR-Egger, weighted median, simple model, and weighted model methods for quality control. Results MR analysis showed that PM2.5 has a positive effect on the risk of hypothyroidism: An increase of 1 standard deviation (SD) in PM2.5 concentrations increases the risk of hypothyroidism by ~10.0% (odds ratio 1.10, 95% confidence interval 1.06–1.13, P = 2.93E-08, by IVW analysis); there was no heterogeneity or pleiotropy in the results. Conclusion In conclusion, increased PM2.5 concentrations are associated with an increased risk of hypothyroidism. This study provides evidence of a causal relationship between PM2.5 and the risk of hypothyroidism, so air pollution control may have important implications for the prevention of hypothyroidism.
Valuation of Goat and Sheep By-Products: Challenges and Opportunities for Their Use

Simple Summary Goat and sheep by-products are the source of many healthy and biologically active compounds that have significant potential to provide new and valuable food ingredients. However, the lack of data on these small ruminants and their undervaluation challenges the community to determine the best way to use this resource. This review highlights challenges and opportunities regarding the use of goat and sheep by-products in many different food applications. Although these by-products undoubtedly present themselves as a rich source of nutrition and allow the elaboration of many dishes, and the development of several technological applications, it is still necessary to investigate their potential use for the extraction of bioactive components, through obtaining peptides from the hydrolysis of proteins that have different biological and technological properties, in addition to the hydrolyzed use of these by-products as precursors for the production of flavorings. Abstract Goat and sheep meat production is a challenge for the meat industry as well as for environmental management. Yet within cultures, certain by-products, such as liver, the lungs, heart, brain, spleen, blood, tail and ears, are traditionally used in the production of typical dishes for regional or local cuisine. These by-products are a rich source of lipids, proteins, essential amino acids, B-complex vitamins, and minerals. They can be effectively exploited for higher (value-added) applications, including functional foods or feed ingredients, food supplements, enzymes and other chemical products such as hydrolyzed proteins and flavorings. This review article gathers data on: (i) the production of by-products obtained from slaughter and available for processing, and (ii) potential strategies for using and applying these by-products in obtaining new value-added ingredients. Other than proteins, the review discusses other macromolecules and possible uses of these by-products in culinary dishes, as hydrolyzed enzymes, and as food additives. Even though these by-products undoubtedly present themselves as rich in nutrients, there remains an unfortunate lack of documented information on the potential use of these by-products for their bioactive components, peptides that have various biological and technological properties, and the use of hydrolyzed versions of these by-products as precursors for the production of flavorings.
Large-Eddy Simulations of the Flow past Bluff Bodies: State-of-the Art.

The flow past bluff bodies, which occurs in many engineering situations, is very complex, involving often unsteady behaviour and dominant large-scale structures, and it is therefore not very amenable to simulation by statistical turbulence models. The large-eddy simulation technique is more suitable for these flows, and recent work in the area of large-eddy simulations of bluff body flows is summarised, with emphasis on work by the author's research group as well as on experiences gained from two LES workshops. Results are presented and compared for the vortex-shedding flow past square and circular cylinders and for the flow around a surface-mounted cube. The performance, the cost and the potential of the LES method for simulating bluff body flows, also vis-a-vis statistical turbulence models, is assessed.
First-Principles Determination of the Soft Mode in Cubic ZrO 2

A direct approach to calculate the phonon dispersion using an ab initio force constant method is introduced. The phonon dispersion and structural instability of cubic ${\mathrm{ZrO}}_{2}$ are found using a supercell method in the local-density approximation. The force constants are determined from the Hellmann-Feynman forces induced by the displacement of an atom in the $2\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}2\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}2$ fcc supercell. This size of the supercell gives ``exact'' phonon frequencies at $\ensuremath{\gamma},X,L,W$ Brillouin zone points. The phonon dispersion curves show a pronounced soft mode at the $X$ point, in agreement with the experimentally observed cubic to tetragonal phase transition.
Global asymptotic solutions of the wave equation

The coherent-state transform is used in obtaining a global, uniform asymptotic solution of the wave equation. This solution approximates high-frequency propagation of acoustic, optical, and seismic waves in generally heterogeneous media. The coherent-state approximation has an advantage over more traditional methods, because it leads to a well-defined approximation independent of the complexity of the caustics. As illustrations, homogeneous media, focusing and edge diffraction are discussed. The homogeneous and waveguide solutions reduce to the exact solution; and the diffracted wave has the correct asymptotic form but the accuracy depends on a parameter. Numerical calculations demonstrate how the accuracy is influenced by variations of this parameter