Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
First light measurements with the XMM-Newton reflection grating spectrometers: Evidence for an inverse first ionisation potential effect and anomalous Ne abundance in the Coronae of HR 1099

The RS CVn binary system HR 1099 was extensively observed by the XMM-Newton observatory in February 2000 as its first-light target. A total of 570 ks of exposure time was accumulated with the Reflection Grating Spectrometers (RGS). The integrated X-ray spectrum between 5-38A is of unprecedented quality and shows numerous features attributed to transitions of the elements C, N, O, Ne, Mg, Si, S, Fe. Ni, and probably others. We perform an in-depth study of the elemental composition of the average corona of this system, and find that the elemental abundances strongly depend on the first ionisation potential (FIP) of the elements. But different from the solar coronal case, we find an inverse FIP effect, i.e., the abundances (relative to oxygen) increase with increasing FIP. Possible scenarios, e.g., selective enrichment due to Ne-rich flare-like events, are discussed.
Proxy home agents for route optimization in HAP networks

Proxy Home Agent (PHA) functionality is proposed for platform nodes in High Altitude Platform (HAP) networks. The solution enables more efficient backhaul link utilization due to path optimization capabilities in an environment with mobile routers. The existing route optimization function of Mobile IP (MIP) cannot solve this problem, while Hierarchical MIP based route optimization does not map well on the HAP network architecture. Optimal inter-platform routes may be achieved even when mobility management for mobile routers does not include support for route optimization. The solution can be rewarding in network architectures where access network is separated from global network through bottleneck links and the majority of users accessing the network are mobile routers.
Genetic Control of Flower Development by Homeotic Genes in Antirrhinum majus

Homeotic mutants have been useful for the study of animal development. Such mutants are also known in plants. The isolation and molecular analysis of several homeotic genes in Antirrhinum majus provide insights into the underlying molecular regulatory mechanisms of flower development. A model is presented of how the characteristic sequential pattern of developing organs, comprising the flower, is established in the process of morphogenesis.
Evaluation of different quality functions for road course estimation using imaging radar

This work presents three different quality functions for road course estimation using an imaging radar sensor. The quality functions work on gridmap data. A gridmap integrates each measurement in chronological order. Range estimation is found out to be necessary on country roads and a solution is introduced. All quality functions are evaluated using a huge set of data consisting of highways and country roads. The driven trajectory is taken as ground truth for the evaluation. The results show that on highways the quality functions perform nearly equal. However on country roads there are differences. The huge error reduction achieved by the range estimation is pointed out. At the end the quality function performing best is determined.
Values-Driven Leadership Through Institutional Structures and Practices: How Successful Schools in England and Hong Kong “Absorb” Policy

ABSTRACT This article analyzes how principals of high-performing secondary schools in England and Hong Kong establish structural arrangements aligned to their core values as educators. Such values-driven structures provide a platform by which principals create the conditions in which policy and reform can be managed and absorbed without compromising the core purpose and contextual priorities of these schools. The findings reveal how the participating school principals have carefully embedded and institutionalized these structures within the cultures of their organizations as part of a multilayered approach to leadership.
Position- and Hippo signaling-dependent plasticity during lineage segregation in the early mouse embryo

The segregation of the trophectoderm (TE) from the inner cell mass (ICM) in the mouse blastocyst is determined by position-dependent Hippo signaling. However, the window of responsiveness to Hippo signaling, the exact timing of lineage commitment and the overall relationship between cell commitment and global gene expression changes are still unclear. Single-cell RNA sequencing during lineage segregation revealed that the TE transcriptional profile stabilizes earlier than the ICM and prior to blastocyst formation. Using quantitative Cdx2-eGFP expression as a readout of Hippo signaling activity, we assessed the experimental potential of individual blastomeres based on their level of Cdx2-eGFP expression and correlated potential with gene expression dynamics. We find that TE specification and commitment coincide and occur at the time of transcriptional stabilization, whereas ICM cells still retain the ability to regenerate TE up to the early blastocyst stage. Plasticity of both lineages is coincident with their window of sensitivity to Hippo signaling. DOI: http://dx.doi. org/10.7554/eLife.22906. 001
The Supply of Natural Amenities: Moving from Empirical Anecdotes to a Theoretical Basis

Although a significant amount of empirical research makes linkages between natural amenities and developmental attributes within the context of rural change, there has yet to be forwarded a defensible, comprehensive, and explanatory theoretical construct upon which to better understand the presence, use, and production of natural amenities within the context of development. Key unique attributes of natural amenity resources identify short-term issues of irreversibility, non-producibility, and nontradability. Given alternative temporal specification, however, our ability to manipulate, produce, and utilize natural amenities is obvious, albeit indirect. How does resource management affect the presence and quality of natural amenity resources? How compatible are amenity resources with jointly produced market-based natural resource outputs? How are natural amenities used to produce tourism? What is the relevant set of externalities involved in supplying natural amenity resources? Upon what theoretical basis do we develop public policy that acts to alter regional natural amenity resources? These are the key questions addressed in this manuscript that provide a theoretical basis for characterizing the supply of amenities and their use in affecting rural economic change. In developing a consistent and robust set of amenity supply concepts, we provide an interdisciplinary basis to substantiate a theory of the post-productivist countryside thus allowing a more complete understanding of amenity-based development phenomena. * Authors are Professor of Urban and Regional Planning and Ph.D. Dissertator in Forest Ecology and Management respectively. This manuscript builds from earlier work funded by a variety of federal and state agencies.
Biological clocks and the practice of psychiatry

Endogenous biological clocks enable living species to acquire some independence in relation to time. They improve the efficiency of biological systems, by allowing them to anticipate future constraints on major physyological systems and cell energy metabolism. The temporal organization of a giwen biological function can be impaired in its coordination with astronomical time or with other biological function. There are also external conditions that influence biological clocks. This temporal organization is complex, and it is possible that a series of psychiatric disorders and syndromes involve primary or secondary changes in biological clocks: seasonal and other mood disorders, premenstrual syndromes, social jet lag, free-running rhythms, and several sleep disorders are among them. In this review, we describe the main concepts relevant to chronobiology and explore the relevance of knowledge about biological clocks to the clinical practice of psychiatry
Provenance in Scientific Workflow Systems

The volume of information in natural languages in electronic format is increasing exponentially. The demographics of users of information management systems are becoming increasingly multilingual. Together these trends create a requirement for information management systems to support processing of information in multiple natural languages seamlessly. Database systems, the backbones of information management, should support this requirement effectively and efficiently. Earlier research in this area had proposed multilingual operators [7, 8] for relational database systems, and discussed their implementation using existing database features. In this paper, we specifically focus on the SemEQUAL operator [8], implementing a multilingual semantic matching predicate using WordNet [12]. We explore the implementation of SemEQUAL using OrdPath [10], a positional representation for nodes of a hierarchy that is used successfully for supporting XML documents in relational systems. We propose the use of OrdPath to represent position within the Wordnet hierarchy, leveraging its ability to compute transitive closures efficiently. We show theoretically that an implementation using OrdPath will outperform those implementations proposed previously. Our initial experimental results confirm this analysis, and show that the OrdPath implementation performs significantly better. Further, since our technique is not specifically rooted to linguistic hierarchies, the same approach may benefit other applications that utilize alternative hierarchical ontologies.
Compression Behaviour and Enteric Film Coating Properties of Cellulose Esters

COMPRESSION BEHAVIOUR AND ENTERIC FILM COATING PROPERTIES OF CELLULOSE ESTERS Guo, H. X. , 2002, Dissertations Biocentri Viikki Universitatis Helsingiensis 19/2002 pp. 40 ISBN 952-10-0653-6 (print), ISBN 952-10-0654-4 (pdf), ISSN 1239-9469 The main purpose of this study was to investigate the phenomena related to the compression behaviour and enteric film coating properties of pharmaceutical cellulose esters. The particle deformation in the tablet compression and drug diffusion of film-coated pellets were studied using non-invasive confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM). Autofluorescent riboflavin sodium phosphate (RSP) was used as a model drug for preparing tablets and pellets. Tablets of 1% RSP with two grades of microcrystalline cellulose (MCC) were individually compressed at compression forces of 1.0 kN and 26.8 kN. The matrices were made by direct compression of mixtures of two established enteric cellulose esters, i.e. cellulose acetate phthalate (CAP) and hydroxypropyl methylcellulose acetate succinate (HPMCAS), and MCC. Pellets were made with the extrusion/spheronisation technique. The pellets were film-coated by the air-suspension method with an aqueous dispersion of CAP. The results suggested that the compression behaviour of both the autofluorescent drug RSP and the non-fluorescent filler MCC can be visualised simultaneously by using fluorescence and reflection modes in CLSM. RSP particles partly dissolved under compression and then recrystallised. In studying the compression of matrix tablets confocal images confirmed the Heckel plot results. CLSM micrographs of the surface of the tablets made from CAP and MCC (1:1) showed more deformation than the one from HPMCAS and MCC (1:1). Slight aggregation of HPMCAS particles may influence their deformation. There were larger voids in the tablets made from cellulose ester and MCC (1:3) mass than in the one made from cellulose ester and MCC (1:1) mass. A well-behaving enteric film-coating formulation was developed and patented. The coating formulation was based on waxy maize starch (amylopectin) as a co-filler in the pellet cores, and this innovation evidently prevented the premature drug migration from the core into the film coat layer. Confocal images of film-coated pellets at 30% theoretical weight increase showed that the amylopectin-containing pellets had a more appreciable coalescence of the polymer spheres than the respective lactose-containing pellets. The dissolution test was consistent with the confocal microscopy results. Amylopectin as subcoating material can prevent the influx of the dissolution medium into the pellet core, and thus decrease the premature dissolution and release of the drug from the enteric-coated pellets in 0.1 N HCl solution. The drug release mechanism appeared to be osmotically driven release, followed by diffusion through the polymer film. Therefore, particle deformation in the tablet compression, drug migration of enteric-coated pellets and release mechanism can be studied using a non-invasive CLSM technique.
Near-Rational Alternatives and the EmpiricalEvaluation of Real Business Cycle

This paper shows that if the consumers in a \standard" real business cycle (RBC) model are permitted to use near-rational decision rules|that is, decision rules from which they suuer trivial utility losses|then it is diicult to distinguish the standard model from several competing extensions on the basis of the models' implications for a small set of key time series statistics. Moreover, there exist near-rational alternatives to the standard model which reproduce exactly the values of these statistics in observed time series. These ndings suggest that RBC researchers should examine much larger sets of second moments when evaluating the empirical performance of RBC models.
IIA/B, wound and wrapped

We examine the T-duality relation between 1+1 NCOS and the DLCQ limit of type-IIA string theory. We show that, as long as there is a compact dimension, one can meaningfully define an ``NCOS'' limit of IIB/A string theory even in the absence of D-branes (and even if there is no B-field). This yields a theory of closed strings with strictly positive winding, which is T-dual to DLCQ IIA/B without any D-branes. We call this the type-IIB/A Wound String Theory. The existence of decoupled sectors can be seen directly from the energy spectrum, and mirrors that of the DLCQ theory. It becomes clear then that all of the different p+1 NCOS theories are simply different states of this single Wound IIA/B theory which contain D-branes. We study some of the properties of this theory. In particular, we show that upon toroidal compactification, Wound String Theory is U-dual to various Wrapped Brane theories which contain OM theory and the ODp theories as special states.
Evaluation of HDR tone mapped image and single exposure image

HDR imaging is becoming increasingly popular in several areas, but most of current photography is still captured with single exposures and most of the display devices commercially available nowadays are not able to display HDR content. To capture/display single exposure image is easier than capture/display HDR image, why we capture HDR images laborious and display them on typical device? Is tone mapped image better than single exposure image? In this paper, we evaluate an experiment to compare HDR tone mapped images and single exposure images, the results shows that they have no large difference to observers.
Schauen Sie, was Sie hören – Wie das Gehirn mit allen seinen Sinnen die Welt wahrnimmt

Zusammenfassung Unsere Sinne werden fortwährend mit den unterschiedlichsten Signalen bombardiert. Um dieses Sinneschaos zu verstehen, muss das Gehirn Sinnesreize integrieren, wenn sie von einer Quelle kommen, aber separate verarbeiten, wenn sie von unterschiedlichen Quellen kommen. Somit beruht multisensorische Wahrnehmung entscheidend auf dem Erfassen der kausalen Struktur, die die Sinnesreize erzeugt hat. Verhaltensstudien legen nahe, dass das Gehirn zwischen Integration and Segregation wie von normativen Modellen der Bayesianischen kausalen Inferenz vorhergesagt abwägt. Neueste funktionelle Magnetresonanztomographie (fMRI) und Elektroenzephalographie (EEG) Studien zeigten, dass das Gehirn Bayesianische kausale Inferenz durchführt, indem es mehrere Wahrnehmungsschätzwerte dynamisch auf verschiedenen Ebenen der corticalen Hierarchie der Sinnesverarbeitung enkodiert. Erst an der Spitze der Hierarchie in anterioren parietalen Arealen formt das Gehirn Wahrnehmungsschätzwerte, die die Ungewissheit des Beobachters über die kausal Struktur der Umgebung berücksichtigt, wie von Modellen der Bayesianischen kausalen Inferenz vorhergesagt.
Solving an MRI spin relaxometry problem with parallel computing

MRI spin relaxometry is the process of recovering the spin density spectrum from the time samples of the spin signal for each pixel of a magnetic resonance image. Since healthy tissue exhibits different spin relaxation rates from diseased tissue, MRI spin relaxometry potentially has utility for diagnosing disease. However, recovering the spin relaxation rates involves solving an inverse problem which requires substantial computation. The computation’s running time can be reduced by processing the pixels in parallel on a parallel computer. A parallel program for solving the MRI spin relaxometry problem, SRSolve, was implemented in Java with MPI, its running time was measured on a 32-processor cluster parallel computer, and its performance was compared to the CONTIN program. CONTIN required about 44 sec on the average to solve one pixel and about 3600 sec to solve an entire 64×64-pixel test image (with 2,597 unmasked pixels) on the parallel computer. SRSolve required 3.04 sec on the average to solve one pixel and 263 sec to solve the entire image on the parallel computer. 1 Magnetic Resonance Imaging Hornak [1] describes magnetic resonance imaging. Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) is an imaging technique used by radiologists to diagnose disease in the human body. Radiologists are continually looking for ways to extract more information from magnetic resonance images and hence make a better diagnosis. It has been suggested that relaxometry, or the distribution of MRI spin-lattice relaxation rate (R1) and the spin-spin relaxation rate (R2) of the tissues may have diagnostic utility. [2] This diagnostic utility is based on R1 and R2 being a measure of the mobility of molecules, which is useful as the mobility of molecules in a tissue changes with disease state. An MRI scanner takes images of two-dimensional slices through the object being scanned, such as a human body. By taking a series of images at different locations, a three-dimensional
OFDM impairment mitigation techniques

OFDM is an attractive option for high speed wired/wireless data transmission due to its inherent resistance to inter symbol interference (ISI). However, lack of frequency diversity makes it vulnerable to frequency selective impairments such as narrowband interference, frequency selective fading, frequency dependent attenuations etc. In this work, we describe a novel Adaptive Weighting (AW) technique as an efficient method to improve the BER performance of grouped linear constellation preceding (GLCP) OFDM which is used to achieve frequency diversity. In this method during maximum likelihood sequence detection (MLSD), the distance of the possible constellation points from the received symbols are weighted according to the SNR of each subcarrier before the sequence with the minimum distance is chosen. The proposed technique is shown to outperform previous GLCP-OFDM and GLCP-ACS (Adaptive Subcarrier Selection) OFDM over all SNR ranges at the expense of slightly increased complexity.
Process improvement and the corporate balance sheet

The Software Engineering Initiative, process-improvement program undertaken by the Software Systems Laboratory in Raytheon's equipment division in mid-1988 is reviewed. The three phases of the program are the process-stabilization phase, in which the emphasis is on distilling the elements of the process actually being used and progressively institutionalizing it across all projects, the process-control phase, in which emphasis shifts to instrumenting projects to gather significant data and analyze the data to understand how to control the process, and the process-change phase, in which the emphasis is on determining how to adjust the process as a result of measurement analysis and how to diffuse the new methods among practitioners. It is shown that the process-improvement initiative has improved the equipment division's bottom line, increased productivity, and changed the corporate culture. Much of the savings came from reducing rework. <<ETX>>
Genome rearrangement with gene families

MOTIVATION The theory and practice of genome rearrangement analysis breaks down in the biologically widespread contexts where each gene may be present in a number of copies, not necessarily contiguous. In some of these contexts it is, however, appropriate to ask which members of each gene family in two genomes G and H, lengths lG and lH, are its true exemplars, i.e. which best reflect the original position of the ancestral gene in the common ancestor genome. This entails a search for the two exemplar strings of same length n (= number of gene families, including singletons), having the smallest possible rearrangement distance: the exemplar distance. RESULTS A branch and bound algorithm calculates these distances efficiently when based on easily calculated traditional rearrangement distances, such as signed reversals distance or breakpoint distance, which also satisfy a property of monotonicity in the number of genes. Simulations show that in two random genomes, the expected exemplar distance/n is sensitive to the number and size of gene families, but approaches 1 as the number of singleton families increases. When the basic rearrangement distance is just the number of breakpoints, the expected cost of computing the exemplar breakpoints distance (EBD), as measured by total calls to the underlying breakpoint distance routine, is highly dependent on both n and the configuration of gene families. On the other hand, basing exemplar distance on exemplar reversals distance (ERD), the expected computing cost depends on the configuration of gene families but is not sensitive to n. AVAILABILITY Code for EBD and ERD is available from the author or may be accessed at http://www.crm. umontreal.ca/viart/exemplar_di s. html CONTACT sankoff@ere.umontreal.ca.
The Proteomics of N-terminal Methionine Cleavage*S

Methionine aminopeptidase (MAP) is a ubiquitous, essential enzyme involved in protein N-terminal methionine excision. According to the generally accepted cleavage rules for MAP, this enzyme cleaves all proteins with small side chains on the residue in the second position (P1′), but many exceptions are known. The substrate specificity of Escherichia coli MAP1 was studied in vitro with a large (>120) coherent array of peptides mimicking the natural substrates and kinetically analyzed in detail. Peptides with Val or Thr at P1′ were much less efficiently cleaved than those with Ala, Cys, Gly, Pro, or Ser in this position. Certain residues at P2′, P3′, and P4′ strongly slowed the reaction, and some proteins with Val and Thr at P1′ could not undergo Met cleavage. These in vitro data were fully consistent with data for 862 E. coli proteins with known N-terminal sequences in vivo. The specificity sites were found to be identical to those for the other type of MAPs, MAP2s, and a dedicated prediction tool for Met cleavage is now available. Taking into account the rules of MAP cleavage and leader peptide removal, the N termini of all proteins were predicted from the annotated genome and compared with data obtained in vivo. This analysis showed that proteins displaying N-Met cleavage are overrepresented in vivo. We conclude that protein secretion involving leader peptide cleavage is more frequent than generally thought.