Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Transceiver for Differential Wave PipeLined Serial Interconnect with Surfing

In the literature, surfing technique has been proposed for single ended wave-pipelined serial interconnects to increase the data transfer rate. In this paper a novel surfing technique is proposed for differential wave-pipelined serial interconnects, which uses a 'Controllable inverter pair' for surfing. To evaluate the efficiency of this technique, a transceiver with transmitter, receiver, delay locked loop (DLL) along with 40mm metal 4 interconnects using the proposed surfing technique is implemented in UMC 180nm technology and their performances are studied through post layout simulations. From the study, it is observed that the proposed scheme permits 1.875 times higher data transmission rate compared to the single ended scheme whose maximum data transfer rate is 1.33 GB/s. The proposed scheme has the ability to receive the correct data even with stuck-at-faults in the complementary line. Keywords—Controllable inverter pair, differential interconnect, serial link, surfing, wave pipelining.
YLR419W is the homolog of the mammalian translation initiation factor DHX29

27 years after the yeast genome sequencing, the function of many ORFs remain unknown. Despite the evolutionary distance between human and yeast, homology with the conserved DEAH/DExH-box helicase domains allowed us to list DHX29, DHX36 and DHX57 as three putative homologs of the yeast Ylr419wp. Functional studies first linked the Ylr419w protein to the translating ribosome and cross-linking and analysis of cDNA (CRAC) experiments determined the precise region of Ylr419wp in contact with the ribosome. It corresponds to the loop of the h16 helix in the 18S rRNA designing the translation initiation factor DHX29, as the functional homolog of Ylr419wp.
DESIGN AND COLLECTION OF A CORPUS OF POLYPHONES AND PROSODIC CONTEXTS FOR SPEECH SYNTHESIS RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT

The design principles and collection procedures behind a speech synthesis corpus directly impact the performance of the resulting text-to-speech system. This paper describes the design and collection of the Victoria corpus, created to support speech synthesis research and development at Apple Computer. This corpus is composed of (cid:12)ve constituent parts, each designed to cover a speci(cid:12)c aspect of speech synthesis: polyphones, prosodic contexts, reiterant speech, function word sequences, and continuous speech. It was spoken in general U.S. English by one linguistically-trained adult female. Portions of the corpus are being used in the statistical estimation of duration and pitch models for Apple’s next-generation text-to-speech system, MacinTalk 4.
BPDec: Unveiling the Potential of Masked Language Modeling Decoder in BERT pretraining

BERT (Bidirectional Encoder Representations from Transformers) has revolutionized the field of natural language processing through its exceptional performance on numerous tasks. Yet, the majority of researchers have mainly concentrated on enhancements related to the model structure, such as relative position embedding and more efficient attention mechanisms. Others have delved into pretraining tricks associated with Masked Language Modeling, including whole word masking. DeBERTa introduced an enhanced decoder adapted for BERT's encoder model for pretraining, proving to be highly effective. We argue that the design and research around enhanced masked language modeling decoders have been underappreciated. In this paper, we propose several designs of enhanced decoders and introduce BPDec (BERT Pretraining Decoder), a novel method for modeling training. Typically, a pretrained BERT model is fine-tuned for specific Natural Language Understanding (NLU) tasks. In our approach, we utilize the original BERT model as the encoder, making only changes to the decoder without altering the encoder. This approach does not necessitate extensive modifications to the model's architecture and can be seamlessly integrated into existing fine-tuning pipelines and services, offering an efficient and effective enhancement strategy. Compared to other methods, while we also incur a moderate training cost for the decoder during the pretraining process, our approach does not introduce additional training costs during the fine-tuning phase. We test multiple enhanced decoder structures after pretraining and evaluate their performance on the GLUE benchmark. Our results demonstrate that BPDec, having only undergone subtle refinements to the model structure during pretraining, significantly enhances model performance without escalating the inference time and serving budget.
Weighted Sum-of-Squares Lower Bounds for Univariate Polynomials imply VP 6 = VNP

For a polynomial f , a weighted sum-of-squares representation (SOS) has the form f = (cid:80) i 2 [ s ] c i f 2i , where the weights c i are (cid:12)eld elements. The size of the representation is the number of monomials that appear across the f i ’s. Its minimum across all such decompositions is called the support-sum S ( f ) of f . For a univariate polynomial f of degree d of full support, a lower bound for the support-sum is S ( f ) (cid:21) p d . We show that the existence of an explicit univariate polynomial f with support-sum just slightly larger than the lower bound, that is, S ( f ) (cid:21) d 0.5 + ε , for some ε > 0 , implies that VP 6 = VNP , the major open problem in algebraic complexity. In fact, our proof works for some subconstant functions ε ( d ) > 0 as well. We also consider the sum-of-cubes representation (SOC) of polynomials. We show that an explicit hard polynomial implies both blackbox-PIT is in P , and VP 6 = VNP .
A Study of Consecutive Terrestrial Gamma‐ray Flashes Using the Gamma‐ray Burst Monitor

The Fermi Gamma‐ray Burst Monitor (GBM) has detected terrestrial gamma‐ray flash (TGF) pulses and TGF pairs with separations from submilliseconds to several minutes. Enhancements in the TGF rate are reobserved on successive orbits. We report on the distribution of TGF pulse separations observed with Fermi GBM. Additionally, a detailed analysis is performed on TGFs that have temporal associations within 3.5 ms with radio atmospheric signals (sferics) from the World Wide Lightning Location Network or the Earth Networks Total Lightning Network. Sferics are typically associated with lightning discharges, but the relativistic runaway electron avalanche process, according to models, should also produce radio emissions. The separations times between TGFs show a gap from 10 ms to 1 s that we interpret as showing differing origins for the separations below 10 ms and those above 1 s. Analysis of paired TGFs with separation time ≥1 s reveals 51 pairs with a sferic association with both members. The majority of these pairs have members originating from separate cells in thunderstorm systems, but 10 pairs have geolocations consistent with originating from the same cell. The minimum separation time of pairs from the same cell is 10 s, with an average separation time of 56 s. This leads to implications on TGF generation models and the recharge time of the large‐scale electric field at the source of the production of the TGF. This separation time would result in a constraint on the recharge time of the large‐scale electric field before an additional TGF can be produced.
TaLAM: Mapping Land Cover in Lowlands and Uplands with Satellite Imagery

Identifying Pressures Agriculture, forestry, land use change and other land uses account for about 24% of global greenhouse gas emissions. Ireland therefore requires maps of land cover and land use to aid assessment and reporting activities, including calculations of the annual greenhouse gas budget, as well as identify issues such as habitat loss, improve environmental management and support policy implementation. Field surveys allow mapping of habitats to individual species and assemblages, which is invaluable for small areas but unfeasible at a national level. As of 2016, the most detailed national land cover dataset for Ireland is the European Coordination of Information on the Environment (CORINE) map. However, despite being widely used, this has limitations because of its spatial scale, the types of land cover classified and the update cycle. With other European countries adopting best practice national mapping techniques that combine satellite imagery and spatial geoinformation to populate vector objects, this project aims to determine whether similar approaches can be adopted in Ireland.
Running a Red Light: An Investigation into Why Software Engineers (Occasionally) Ignore Coverage Checks

Many modern code coverage tools track and report code coverage data generated from running tests during continuous integration. They report code coverage data through a variety of channels, including email, Slack, Mattermost, or through the web interface of social coding platforms such as GitHub. In fact, this ensemble of tools can be configured in such a way that the software engineer gets a failing status check when code coverage drops below a certain threshold. In this study, we broadly investigate the opinions and experience with code coverage tools through a survey among 279 software engineers whose projects use the Codecov coverage tool and bot. In particular, we are investigating why software engineers would ignore a failing status check caused by drop in code coverage. We observe that >80% of software engineers — at least sometimes — ignore these failing status checks, and we get insights into the main reasons why software engineers ignore these checks.
Online Submission ID : 0 Embedding , Clustering and Coloring for Dynamic Maps

We describe a practical approach for visualizing dynamic relational data, or multiple relationships defined on the same dataset, using a geographic map metaphor, where clusters of nodes form countries and neighboring countries correspond to nearby clusters. Our aim is to provide a visualization that allows us to compare two or more such maps (showing an evolving dynamic process, or obtained using different relationships). In the case where we are considering multiple relationships, e.g., different similarity metrics, we also provide an interactive tool to visually explore the effect of combining two or more such relationships. Our method ensures good readability and mental map preservation, based on dynamic node placement with node stability, dynamic clustering with cluster stability, and dynamic coloring with color stability.
Effective reaction parameters for mixing controlled reactions in heterogeneous media

Sound understanding of mixing‐controlled reactions in heterogeneous media is needed for the realistic modeling of contaminant transport in aquifers and is a precondition for the evaluation of natural attenuation processes, the design of nuclear waste disposal, and the engineered remediation of contaminated sites. In this work, we study the bimolecular dissolution‐precipitation equilibrium reaction, adapted after De Simoni et al. (2005). Because of advective and dispersive transport of the reacting species, the system is globally in nonequilibrium because the effective reaction rate is limited by the finite rate of transport and thus is affected by the heterogeneity of the formation. We study the macroscopic formulation of such a reactive transport system in terms of mixing‐controlled reaction parameters which integrate the impact of spatial heterogeneity. The apparent chemical saturation is found to be a function of the concentration variance and is generally greater than its local‐scale equivalent. This explains why water samples taken from pumping wells are normally nonequilibrium with respect to minerals existing in the aquifer, even when local equilibrium is to be expected. The reaction rate is given by the product of a reaction factor, associated with the local equilibrium constant and concentration variance, and a mixing factor, which is the product of the microdispersion coefficient and the square gradient of the mean and perturbation concentration fields. The mixing factor dominates the description of the reaction rate in the upscaled macroscopic models. The reaction rate predicted by macroscopic models is controlled by two competing effects: The large heterogeneity‐induced macrodispersion coefficient leads to an increase of reaction rate, while a more smoothed concentration gradient may lead to a decrease of the reaction rate. Macroscopic models may only give a good approximation at large time and away from the plume center of mass because of the balanced variance budget but significantly underestimate reaction rate near the plume center because of the smoothed concentration gradient field. In fact, in an application example, reaction rate is maximum around the plume center, where a homogeneous equivalent medium would predict zero rates.
ABACAS: algorithm-based automatic contiguation of assembled sequences

Summary: Due to the availability of new sequencing technologies, we are now increasingly interested in sequencing closely related strains of existing finished genomes. Recently a number of de novo and mapping-based assemblers have been developed to produce high quality draft genomes from new sequencing technology reads. New tools are necessary to take contigs from a draft assembly through to a fully contiguated genome sequence. ABACAS is intended as a tool to rapidly contiguate (align, order, orientate), visualize and design primers to close gaps on shotgun assembled contigs based on a reference sequence. The input to ABACAS is a set of contigs which will be aligned to the reference genome, ordered and orientated, visualized in the ACT comparative browser, and optimal primer sequences are automatically generated. Availability and Implementation: ABACAS is implemented in Perl and is freely available for download from http://abacas.sourceforge. net Contact: sa4@sanger.ac. uk
Apical dehydration impairs the cystic ﬁ brosis airway epithelium barrier via a β 1-integrin/YAP1 pathway

Defective hydration of airway surface mucosa is associated with lung infection in cystic ﬁ brosis (CF), partly caused by disruption of the epithelial barrier integrity. Although rehydration of the CF airway surface liquid (ASL) alleviates epithelium vulnerability to infection by junctional protein expression, the mechanisms linking ASL to barrier integrity are unknown. We show here the strong degradation of YAP1 and TAZ proteins in well-polarized CF human airway epithelial cells (HAECs), a process that was prevented by ASL rehydration. Conditional silencing of YAP1 in rehydrated CF HAECs indicated that YAP1 expression was necessary for the maintenance of junctional complexes. A higher plasma membrane tension in CF HAECs reduced endocytosis, concurrent with the maintenance of active β 1-integrin ectopically located at the apical membrane. Pharmacological inhibition of β 1-integrin accumulation restored YAP1 expression in CF HAECs. These results indicate that dehydration of the CF ASL affects epithelial plasma membrane tension, resulting in ectopic activation of a β 1-integrin/YAP1 signaling pathway associated with degradation of junctional proteins.
The Occurrence and resistance of Shigella flexneri CECT4804 to acid stress: Impact of acid stress in vitro and in vivo

acids profiles has been studied. Moreover, an infection with the stressed strain was realized on rats in rates and examined for their toxicity in intestine tissue. The obtained results show that the strain survival is strongly influenced by acidity. Indeed, the stressed and unstressed strains became biofilm positive after acid stress. A significant increase in the hydrophobicity percentage compared to the values found under normal conditions, is also noticed. For the membrane fatty acids analysis, the acidity induces several modifications in the membrane composition. After the infection, the gravest lesion was registered in the intestine of rats administered with the bacteria stressed at the lowest pH.
Neutrosophic Sets and Systems Neutrosophic Sets and Systems

: Women with heart disease during pregnancy are at higher risk, which can harm the fetus. This risk can be reduced if we diagnose and treat it early. The decision-making system is very helpful in such situations. Many clinical decision-making systems have been proposed, but they are too complicated for medical experts to understand and adapt. Here, we develop a new neutrosophic model for early diagnosis and explain it using explainable artiﬁcial techniques. Our model is taking eight symptoms and signs as inputs and determines the diagnosis, type of treatment, and prognosis. Age, obesity, smoking, family pathological history, personal pathological history, electrocardiogram, ultrasound, and functional class are the inputs of this model. Six diagnoses can be made-obstruction at existing, obstruction at entry, rhythm disorder, conduction disorders, congenital diseases, genetic diseases. The types of treatments are-pregnancy interruption, diuretic treatment, anti-arrhythmic treatment, treatment with beta-blockers and anticoagulants treatment. The prognosis is-eutectic delivery, dystocic delivery, the child with complications, child without complications, mother with complications, and mother without complications. The main parts of this system are neutrosophication, knowledge base, inference engine, de-neutrosophication, and explainability. To present the entire execution of the proposed system, we design an algorithm and compute its time complexity to demonstrate the working of the entire system. We compared the results of different methods to gain conﬁdence in our model.
A new framework to support mobility in multi-hop hybrid networks

Connecting wireless devices to the Internet is of major interest in today’s research. It is well known that the Wireless Local Area Network (WLAN) standard will play a major role in the future communication networks. WLAN can be deployed in infrastructure or infrastructure-less mode, referred to as Ad hoc. WLAN offers high bit rate services. However, it is difficult to avoid not covered areas. To overcome this, a Mobile Host (MH) could use an intermediate MH as a relay to the Access Point (AP). This leads to the so called hybrid multi-hops network structure, which can be created by enabling mobility support between infrastructure and infrastructure-less networks when the MH moves from an Ad hoc network connected to one AP to another which is connected to another one. In order to achieve this, new adequate solutions for inter-connecting infrastructure-based networks and Ad hoc networks should be developed. Throughout this paper, we propose a new solution to achieve a fast handoff in multi-hop hybrid networks. We extend the Ad hoc On-Demand Distance Vector routing protocol AODV to use the principle of fast authentication as it is described in Mobile IP Fast Authentication Protocol (MIFA), in such a way that the MH that moves from one network to another can still obtain Internet connectivity. Our solution should outperform the other solution with respect to the handoff latency. The MN can fast resume receiving and transmitting of data.
on Circuit , Power and Computing Technologies [ ICCPCT ] Hidden Markov Model : Application towards Genomic Analysis

Hidden Markov Model (HMM) has become one of the interesting methods for the researchers, especially in bioinformatics where different analysis are carried out. These are widely used in science, engineering and many other areas such as bioinformatics, genomic mapping, computer vision, finance and economics, and in social science. HMMs require much smaller training sets, and that the examination of the inner structure of the model provides often a deeper understanding of the phenomenon. In this survey, we first describe the important algorithms for the HMMs, and provide useful comparisons, aiming at their advantages and shortcomings. We then consider the major g applications, such as annotations, gene alignment and profiling of sequences, DNA structure prediction, and pattern recognition. We also list some analysis on how to use HMM for DNA genomes. Finally, we conclude use and perspectives of HMMs in bioinformatics and provide a critical appraisal for the same. Keywords—Hidden Markov Model; Multiple Sequence Alignment; pattern recognition; sequence analysis
Is the groundwater reservoir linear? Learning from data in hydrological modelling

Although catchment behaviour during recession periods is better identifiable than in other periods, the representation of hydrograph recession is often weak in hydrological simulations. Among the various aspects that influence model performance during low flows, in this paper we concentrate on those more inherently related to the modelling, such as the development of a suitable model conceptualization, and the choice of an appropriate calibration strategy. In this context we develop a methodology where the calibration procedure is combined with an iterative process of model improvement, to obtain an optimal model configuration that performs well both during low flows and high flows. The methodology starts by calculating a synthetic master recession curve that represents the long-term recession of a given catchment. Subsequently, using a simple reservoir model, we determine the storage-discharge relation that simulates the slow hydrograph component. This relation is determined without making any a-priori assumption on its form and is inferred from discharge data available through an iterative process. Next, high flow related parameters are recalibrated separately, to avoid that the simulation of low discharges is neglected in favour of a higher performance in simulating peak discharges. This methodology is applied on several catchments in Luxembourg, and as a result we determined that in all catchments except one (where human interference is high) within the chosen model structure a linear reservoir describes best the observed groundwater behaviour. This result is used to trigger a discussion as to the general suitability of the use of a linear groundwater reservoir in hydrological modelling
Heterogeneity in the Financial-Reporting Effects of ASC 606 Adoptions: Evidence from an Industry-Focused Approach

This paper examines the financial-reporting effects of ASC 606 (Revenue from Contracts with Customers) adoptions. Given the expected heterogeneous effects of ASC 606 for companies in different industries, we employ an industry-focused approach to evaluate the effects of ASC 606. Specifically, we focus on firms in the software industry, which is expected to be more significantly affected by ASC 606, and use firms in the electronic computer industry as a control group. We find the adoption of ASC 606 is associated with improvement in financial-statement comparability, informativeness, and mapping of revenue accruals to cash collections, for firms in the software industry compared with firms in the electronic computer industry. We also document significant increases in liquidity for software firms relative to electronic computer firms, reinforcing our inferences of ASC 606’s effects on improving financial reporting. Collectively, these findings based on the industry-focused approach suggest the importance of controlling for underlying economic comparability and pre-existing accounting differences, supporting that the evaluation of the effects of new accounting standards can benefit from a series of narrow-sample studies.