Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Sind Ereignisgesteuerte Prozessketten besser für Fachanwender geeignet als UML Aktivitätsdiagramme? Eine empirische Untersuchung

Die Modellierung und Verbesserung von Gesch sen gehzu den zentralen Aufgaben in Unternehmen. Um diese Aufgabe ezient umzusetzen, ist es erforderlich, dass die eingesetzte Modellierungssprache neben Analysten und Entwicklern auch Fachanwendern eine aktive Beteiligung er- laubt. Im Rahmen des Beitrags werden zwei weitverbrei- tete Sprachen, Ereignisgesteuerte Prozessketten und UML Aktivitempirisch untersucht. Im Mittelpunkt steht dabei die Frage, welche Notation fFachanwender besser zur Abbildung von Geschgeeignet ist und durch welche sprachlichen Eigenschaften Unterschie- de entstehen. Grundlage der Untersuchung ist eine Studie, in der 73 Teilnehmer Geschunter kontrollierten Bedingungen mit beiden Sprachen modellierten. Die Ergeb- nisse der Studie werden explorativ ausgewertet, um wissen- schaftlich gesicherte Erkenntnisse  uber die Eignung beider Sprachen zu gewinnen und zur Theoriebildung beizutragen. 1. EINLEITUNG
Inhibition of Human Cytochrome P450 Enzymes by Allergen Removed Rhus verniciflua Stoke Standardized Extract and Constituents

Objective. Potential interactions between herbal extracts and the cytochrome P450 (CYP) system lead to serious adverse events or decreased drug efficacy. Rhus verniciflua stoke (RVS) and its constituents have been reported to have various pharmacological properties. We evaluated the inhibitory potential of RVS and its constituents on the major CYP isoforms. Methods. The effects of allergen removed RVS (aRVS) standardized extract and major components, fustin and fisetin isolated from aRVS, were evaluated on CYP1A2, CYP2C9, CYP2C19, CYP2D6, and CYP3A4 isoenzyme activity by a luminescent CYP recombinant human enzyme assay. Results. The aRVS extract showed relative potent inhibitory effects on the CYP2C9 (IC50, <0.001 μg/mL), CYP2C19 (IC50, 9.68 μg/mL), and CYP1A2 (IC50, 10.0 μg/mL). However, it showed weak inhibition on CYP3A4 and CYP2D6. Fustin showed moderate inhibitory effects on the CYP2C19 (IC50, 64.3 μg/mL) and weak inhibition of the other CYP isoforms similar to aRVS. Fisetin showed potent inhibitory effects on CYP2C9, CYP2C19, and CYP1A2. Fisetin showed moderate inhibition of CYP2D6 and weak inhibition of CYP3A4. Conclusions. These results indicate that aRVS, a clinically available herbal medicine, could contribute to herb-drug interactions when orally coadministered with drugs metabolized by CYP2C9, CYP2C19, and CYP1A2.
Efficient Translation of Pelargonium line pattern virus RNAs Relies on a TED-Like 3´-Translational Enhancer that Communicates with the Corresponding 5´-Region through a Long-Distance RNA-RNA Interaction

Cap-independent translational enhancers (CITEs) have been identified at the 3´-terminal regions of distinct plant positive-strand RNA viruses belonging to families Tombusviridae and Luteoviridae. On the bases of their structural and/or functional requirements, at least six classes of CITEs have been defined whose distribution does not correlate with taxonomy. The so-called TED class has been relatively under-studied and its functionality only confirmed in the case of Satellite tobacco necrosis virus, a parasitic subviral agent. The 3´-untranslated region of the monopartite genome of Pelargonium line pattern virus (PLPV), the recommended type member of a tentative new genus (Pelarspovirus) in the family Tombusviridae, was predicted to contain a TED-like CITE. Similar CITEs can be anticipated in some other related viruses though none has been experimentally verified. Here, in the first place, we have performed a reassessment of the structure of the putative PLPV-TED through in silico predictions and in vitro SHAPE analysis with the full-length PLPV genome, which has indicated that the presumed TED element is larger than previously proposed. The extended conformation of the TED is strongly supported by the pattern of natural sequence variation, thus providing comparative structural evidence in support of the structural data obtained by in silico and in vitro approaches. Next, we have obtained experimental evidence demonstrating the in vivo activity of the PLPV-TED in the genomic (g) RNA, and also in the subgenomic (sg) RNA that the virus produces to express 3´-proximal genes. Besides other structural features, the results have highlighted the key role of long-distance kissing-loop interactions between the 3´-CITE and 5´-proximal hairpins for gRNA and sgRNA translation. Bioassays of CITE mutants have confirmed the importance of the identified 5´-3´ RNA communication for viral infectivity and, moreover, have underlined the strong evolutionary constraints that may operate on genome stretches with both regulatory and coding functions.
Adaptive CMOS LNAs for beyond-3G RF receivers - A multi-standard GSM/WCDMA/BT/WLAN case study

This paper reviews the main circuit strategies reported so far for the implementation of multi-standard Low-Noise Amplifiers (LNAs) and presents a reconfigurable and adaptive LNA intended for Beyond-3G RF hand-held devices. The circuit, designed and implemented in a 90-nm CMOS technology, combines a reduced number of inductors with PMOS-varactors and programmable load to adapt its performance to different standard specifications with optimized power consumption. As a case study, the LNA has been designed to cope with the requirements of four standards: GSM, WCDMA, Bluetooth (BT) and WLAN (IEEE 802.11b-g). Simulation results, including technology and packaging parasitics, demonstrate correct operation of the circuit for all the standards under study, featuring NF≪2.8dB, S21≫13.3dB and IIP3≫10.9dBm over a 1.85–2.48GHz band, with an adaptive power consumption between 17.4mW and 21.7mW from a 1-V supply voltage.
Cognitive dysfunction in depression: Difference between depressed and nondepressed elderly patients and differential cognitive effects of nomifensine

The main aim of the study was to establish the degree of disturbance of the cognitive functions typical of the elderly depressed patients. The analysis was based on the results of a 4‐week, double‐blind, placebo‐controlled therapeutic study in which the effects and tolerance of the antidepressant nomifensine were tested in a randomized group of 100 patients. Half the patients were depressed and half nondepressed (a priori stratification, HAM‐D ≥ 18). Tests of central nervous arousal, attention, perceptual grouping, short‐term and long‐term memory, and complex reaction time were performed. The findings were analyzed as follows: First, baseline differences in cognitive performance, correlative of the stratification into depressed and nondepressed patients, were examined. Second, changes reflecting normalization of cognitive function resulting from the antidepressant treatment were analyzed. For antidepressant treatment, nomifensine, a noradrenaline and dopaminereuptake inhibitor, was used. Results showed that cognitive impairment in primary depression was fairly generalized over different cognitive functions. A global factor of cognitive impairment and a general cognitive improvement factor was found. Both factors are closely connected with the severity as well as the improvement in cardinal symptoms of depression. This relationship was interpreted as due to alterations in central nervous arousal.
An Illumination Insensitive Representation for Face Verification in the Frequency Domain

We present a comparison of several face representation methods from the point of view of their sensitivity to illumination changes. The sensitivity is measured in terms of the overlap of the distributions of normalized correlations used for inter class and intra class image comparisons. The result suggests, that better illumination invariance could be achieved in feature spaces in the frequency domain derived for a differentiated image rather than using the original input image
Heidelberg Neuro-Music Therapy Enhances Task-Negative Activity in Tinnitus Patients

Background: Suffering from tinnitus causes mental distress in most patients. Recent findings point toward a diminished activity of the brain's default-mode network (DMN) in subjects with mental disorders including depression or anxiety and also recently in subjects with tinnitus-related distress. We recently developed a therapeutic intervention, namely the Heidelberg Neuro-Music Therapy (HNMT), which shows an effective reduction of tinnitus-related distress following a 1-week short-term treatment. This approach offers the possibility to evaluate the neural changes associated with the improvements in tinnitus distress. We previously reported gray matter (GM) reorganization in DMN regions and in primary auditory areas following HNMT in cases of recent-onset tinnitus. Here we evaluate on the same patient group, using functional MRI (fMRI), the activity of the DMN following the improvements tinnitus-related distress related to the HNMT intervention. Methods: The DMN activity was estimated by the task-negative activation (TNA) during long inter-trial intervals in a word recognition task. The level of TNA was evaluated twice, before and after the 1-week study period, in 18 treated tinnitus patients (“treatment group,” TG), 21 passive tinnitus controls (PTC), and 22 active healthy controls (AC). During the study, the participants in TG and AC groups were treated with HNMT, whereas PTC patients did not receive any tinnitus-specific treatment. Therapy-related effects on DMN activity were assessed by comparing the pairs of fMRI records from the TG and PTC groups. Results: Treatment of the TG group with HNMT resulted in an augmented DMN activity in the PCC by 2.5% whereas no change was found in AC and PTC groups. This enhancement of PCC activity correlated with a reduction in tinnitus distress (Spearman Rho: −0.5; p < 0.005). Conclusion: Our findings show that an increased DMN activity, especially in the PCC, underlies the improvements in tinnitus-related distress triggered by HNMT and identify the DMN as an important network involved in therapeutic improvements.
Theory-Guided Materials Design of Multi-Phase Ti-Nb Alloys with Bone-Matching Elastic Properties

We present a scale-bridging approach for modeling the integral elastic response of polycrystalline composite that is based on a multi-disciplinary combination of (i) parameter-free first-principles calculations of thermodynamic phase stability and single-crystal elastic stiffness; and (ii) homogenization schemes developed for polycrystalline aggregates and composites. The modeling is used as a theory-guided bottom-up materials design strategy and applied to Ti-Nb alloys as promising candidates for biomedical implant applications. The theoretical results (i) show an excellent agreement with experimental data and (ii) reveal a decisive influence of the multi-phase character of the polycrystalline composites on their integral elastic properties. The study shows that the results based on the density functional theory calculations at the atomistic level can be directly used for predictions at the macroscopic scale, effectively scale-jumping several orders of magnitude without using any empirical parameters.
Event-Triggered Adaptive Dynamic Programming for Continuous-Time Systems With Control Constraints

In this paper, an event-triggered near optimal control structure is developed for nonlinear continuous-time systems with control constraints. Due to the saturating actuators, a nonquadratic cost function is introduced and the Hamilton–Jacobi–Bellman (HJB) equation for constrained nonlinear continuous-time systems is formulated. In order to solve the HJB equation, an actor-critic framework is presented. The critic network is used to approximate the cost function and the action network is used to estimate the optimal control law. In addition, in the proposed method, the control signal is transmitted in an aperiodic manner to reduce the computational and the transmission cost. Both the networks are only updated at the trigger instants decided by the event-triggered condition. Detailed Lyapunov analysis is provided to guarantee that the closed-loop event-triggered system is ultimately bounded. Three case studies are used to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed method.
Immunohistochemical description of the endogenous cannabinoid system in the rat cerebellum and functionally related nuclei

We report a detailed analysis of the distribution of relevant proteins of the endogenous cannabinoid system in the rat cerebellum (cerebellar cortex and deep cerebellar nuclei) and the two functionally related nuclei, the vestibular nuclei and the inferior olive. These proteins include the two main cannabinoid receptors (CB1 and CB2), the enzymes involved in cannabinoid biosynthesis (DAGLα, DAGLβ, and NAPE‐PLD), and the endocannabinoid‐degradating enzymes (FAAH and MAGL). With regard to the cerebellar cortex, these data confirm several published reports on the distribution of cannabinoid CB1 receptors, DAGLα, MAGL, and FAAH, which suggests a role of endocannabinoids as retrograde messengers in the synapses of the Purkinje cells by either parallel fibers of granule cells or climbing fibers from the inferior olive or GABAergic interneuron. Additionally, we describe the presence of CB2 receptors in fibers related to Purkinje somata (Pinceau formations) and dendrites (parallel fibers), suggesting a potential role of this receptor in the retrograde cannabinoid signaling. A remarkable finding of the present study is the description of the different elements of the endogenous cannabinoid system in both the main afferent nuclei to the cerebellar cortex (the inferior olive) and the efferent cerebellar pathway (the deep cerebellar nuclei). The presence of the endogenous cannabinoid system at this level establishes the basis for endocannabinoid‐mediated synaptic plasticity as a control mechanism in motor learning, opening new research lines for the study of the contribution of this system in gait disorders affecting the cerebellum. J. Comp. Neurol. 509:400–421, 2008. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
New Directions in Cyberbullying Research

This introduction provides an overview of the special issue of the Journal of School Violence. We present a rationale for the need for new directions in cyberbullying research, and include a brief overview of the state of scholarship on this topic. We then include a brief outline of the articles included in the special issue, and point out how they address novel questions and use innovative methods to answer those questions.
Characterization and Decoding the Spatial Patterns of Hand Extension/Flexion using High-Density ECoG

During awake brain surgeries, electrocorticogram (ECoG) was recorded using a high density electrode grid from the motor cortex of two subjects while they were asked to execute spontaneous hand extension and flexion. Firstly, we characterized the spatio-spectral patterns of high-density ECoG during the hand movements. In both subjects, we observed event related desynchronization (ERD) in low frequency band (LFB: 8–32 Hz) and event related synchronization (ERS) in high frequency band (HFB: 60–200 Hz) where HFB-ERS was more spatially localized and movement specific compared to LFB-ERD. In particular, improved spatial resolution of high density ECoG revealed HFB-ERS patterns with distinct timing in different anatomical regions. A few channels located anterior to the central sulcus were associated with HFB-ERS which started several hundred milliseconds prior to the movement onset. Several channels were associated with HFB-ERS which started close to the movement onset. Most importantly, only a small number of channels in the motor cortex regions exhibited long duration ERS which lasted while the subjects maintained their hand posture. A common spatial pattern (CSP) algorithm fused with linear discriminant analysis (LDA) was used to distinguish between hand extension and flexion at different time points based on subband features. ECoG data recorded from the channels located either anterior or posterior to the central sulcus were tested separately in classification. For both subjects, using channels located in motor area, HFB yielded almost 100% classification accuracy within 150–250 ms after the movement onset. The classification accuracies obtained from sensory areas were poor compared to motor areas and lagged the movement onset. These results suggest that spatial patterns of motor cortex captured with high-density ECoG in HFB can effectively drive a neural prosthetic to perform hand flexion and extension.
Chinese Americans’ Help Seeking for Emotional Distress

This study examines help‐seeking behaviors for emotional distress among 1,747 Chinese Americans. Seventy‐five percent of respondents did not seek any help, but among those who did, informal help was most solicited, followed by alternative help. Only 15 percent of individuals with a mental disorder sought mental health services. Sociodemographics, acculturation, and personality traits significantly predict help seeking. Acculturation increases general respondents’ tendency to seek mental health and informal help but reduces the tendency of respondents with a diagnosable psychiatric disorder to seek help. Individuals are also inclined to seek help if they view challenges as a normal part of life.
Ontology for the Object Recognition in Images

Object reconstruction from images is an actual research topic in computer vision, photogrammetry and spatial information science. Ontology can provide all necessary support we needed for its natural language appearance and flexible hierarchy structure. However, most current relative studies on field ontology are deduced from philosophical theme and not applicable for the raster expression-which is actually a kind of field-like phenomenon but does not physically coincide to the general concept of philosophical field. That's why we specifically discuss the pixel-based ontology in this paper. The discussion starts at the investigation of the physical characteristics of the pixel-based objects along with the processing of its compare to the philosophical field ontology terms. Then a unified pixel-based ontology framework for the recognition of the pixel-based objects is introduced, from which the connection of the human epistemology and the computer world is built for better knowledge discovery and sharing.
Intersegmental Eye-Head-Body Interactions during Complex Whole Body Movements

Using state-of-the-art technology, interactions of eye, head and intersegmental body movements were analyzed for the first time during multiple twisting somersaults of high-level gymnasts. With this aim, we used a unique combination of a 16-channel infrared kinemetric system; a three-dimensional video kinemetric system; wireless electromyography; and a specialized wireless sport-video-oculography system, which was able to capture and calculate precise oculomotor data under conditions of rapid multiaxial acceleration. All data were synchronized and integrated in a multimodal software tool for three-dimensional analysis. During specific phases of the recorded movements, a previously unknown eye-head-body interaction was observed. The phenomenon was marked by a prolonged and complete suppression of gaze-stabilizing eye movements, in favor of a tight coupling with the head, spine and joint movements of the gymnasts. Potential reasons for these observations are discussed with regard to earlier findings and integrated within a functional model.
Impedance Monitoring During Radiofrequency Catheter Ablation in Humans

Radiofrequency catheter ablation of accessory pathways and the atrioventricular junction often requires multiple applications of energy. The inability to determine the effects of any given application on the underlying tissue may contribute to this problem. In the present study, impedance was monitored in 20 patients undergoing radio/requency catheter ablation, and the relationship between an initial decrease in impedance and subsequent effects were examined. An initial fall in impedance of more than 10 Ω was 78% sensitive and 88% specific for predicting subsequent evidence of tissue heating (interruption of conduction or an abrupt rise in impedance due to coagulum formation). In contrast, initial values of voltage, current, or impedance did not distinguish between effective and ineffective applications of radiofrequency energy. Continuous monitoring of impedance may facilitate radiofrequency catheter ablation.
Sexually antagonistic coevolution of a postmating-prezygotic reproductive character in desert Drosophila

Rapid divergence in postmating-prezygotic characters suggests that selection may be responsible for generating reproductive barriers between closely related species. Theoretical models indicate that this rapid divergence could be generated by a series of male adaptations and female counteradaptations by means of sexual selection or conflict, but empirical tests of particular mechanisms are generally lacking. Moreover, although a male–female genotypic interaction in mediating sperm competition attests to an active role of females, molecular or morphological evidence of the female's participation in the coevolutionary process is critically needed. Here we show that postmating-prezygotic variation among populations of cactophilic desert Drosophila reflects divergent coevolutionary trajectories between the sexes. We explicitly test the female's role in intersexual interactions by quantifying differences in a specific postmating-prezygotic reproductive character, the insemination reaction mass, in two species, Drosophila mojavensis and Drosophila arizonae. A series of interpopulation crosses confirmed that population divergence was propelled by male–female interactions, a prerequisite if the selective forces derive from sexual conflicts. An association between the reaction mass and remating and oviposition behavior argues that divergence has been propelled by sexually antagonistic coevolution, and potentially has important implications for speciation.
Katyusha: Accelerated Variance Reduction for Faster SGD

We consider minimizing f(x) that is an average of n convex, smooth functions fi(x), and provide the first direct stochastic gradient method Katyusha that has the accelerated convergence rate. It converges to an ε-approximate minimizer using O((n + √ nκ) · log f(x0)−f(x ∗) ε ) stochastic gradients where κ is the condition number. Katyusha is a primal-only method, supporting proximal updates, non-Euclidean norm smoothness, mini-batch sampling, as well as non-uniform sampling. It also resolves the following open questions in machine learning • If f(x) is not strongly convex (e.g., Lasso, logistic regression), Katyusha gives the first stochastic method that achieves the optimal 1/ √ ε rate. • If f(x) is strongly convex and each fi(x) is “rank-one” (e.g., SVM), Katyusha gives the first stochastic method that achieves the optimal 1/ √ ε rate. • If f(x) is not strongly convex and each fi(x) is “rank-one” (e.g., L1SVM), Katyusha gives the first stochastic method that achieves the optimal 1/ε rate. The main ingredient in Katyusha is a novel “negative momentum on top of momentum” that can be elegantly coupled with the existing variance reduction trick for stochastic gradient descent. As a result, since variance reduction has been successfully applied to fast growing list of practical problems, our paper implies that one had better hurry up and give Katyusha a hug in each of them, in hoping for a faster running time also in practice.