Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
A NEW HIGH-ORDER NON-UNIFORM TIMOSHENKO BEAM FINITE ELEMENT ON VARIABLE TWO-PARAMETER FOUNDATIONS FOR VIBRATION ANALYSIS

Abstract A new finite element model of a Timoshenko beam is developed to analyze the small amplitude, free vibrations of non-uniform beams on variable two-parameter foundations. An important characteristic of the model is that the cross-sectional area, the second moment of area, the Winkler foundation modulus and the shear foundation modulus are all assumed to vary in polynomial forms, implying that the beam element can deal with commonly seen non-uniform beams having different cross-sections such as rectangular,, circular, tubular and even complex thin-walled sections as well as the foundation of beams which vary in a general way. Thus this new beam element model enables users to handle vibration analysis of more general beam-like structures. In this paper, by using cubic polynomial expressions for the total deflection and the bending slope of the beam, the mass and stiffness matrices of the element are derived from energy expressions. The element model can accommodate various boundary conditions to represent a Timoshenko beam accurately. Excellent agreement with other investigators' results and a rapid rate of convergence with relatively few elements are demonstrated. This study also brings out the fact that the complicated form of this new beam model is necessary because of its advantage over linear or uniform approximation of the non-uniform foundation and/or geometrical properties of beams. The same accuracy being achieved with fewer elements is the main advantage. Finally, an optimum design problem is illustrated to emphasize the? practical application of this element.
Conductance of a finite missing hydrogen atomic line on Si(001)-(2×1)- H

Institute of Physics, Basel University, Klingelbergstrasse 82, CH-4056 Basel, Switzerland~Received 11 February 1999! We present the results of a calculation of zero-temperature elastic conductance through a ﬁnite ‘‘atomicwire’’ between Au pads, all supported by a Si~001! -~231! -H surface. The atomic wire consists of a line ofdangling bonds which can be fabricated by removing hydrogen atoms by applying voltage pulses to a scanningtunneling microscopy ~STM! tip along one side of a row of H-passivated silicon dimers. Two different lineconﬁgurations, without and with Peierls distortion, have been considered. We ﬁnd that the nondistorted linebehaves like a single ballistic transmission channel. Conversely, with Peierls distortion present, tunnelingoccurs through the small resulting energy gap (0.2 eV), leading to inverse decay length of the current of0.09 A
Patient-Reported Outcome Measures (PROMs) – eine Übersicht

Zusammenfassung PROMs sind Fragebogen-Instrumente, mit denen ein Patient kostengünstig und ohne relevanten medizinischen Personalaufwand mittels Selbstevaluation den Funktionellen Status eines Organsystemes erheben kann. In Bereich der Unfallchirurgie und Orthopädie stehen mittlerweile eine Vielfalt an PROMs für verschiedene Fragestellungen zur Verfügung. Mit PROMS kann ein objektives Feedback über den Krankheits-/Heilungsverlauf erstellt werden. Hiermit können individuelle Behandlungsverläufe überwacht werden, aber auch Daten für wissenschaftliche oder gesundheitsökonomische Auswertungen generiert werden.
Poisson bounds for moments of shot noise processes

Starting from general moment formulas for shot noise processes (v(t)), for which a simple proof is given by means of the CAMPBELL theorem concerning marked point pro¬cesses, and using certain monotonicity property, bounds are obtained for E[v(t)]2 resp. for the variance Var v(t) under the additional assumption that the intershot times are inde¬pendent random variables with distribution having the property 1SFBXJE (NWTJE)
Maximum likelihood estimation and model selection for locally stationary processes

The Gaussian maximum likelihood estimate is investigated for time series models that have locally a stationary behaviour (e.g. for time varying autoregressive models). The asymptotic properties are studied in the case where the fitted model is either correct or misspecified. For example the behaviour of the maximum likelihood estimate is explained in the case where a stationary model is fitted to a nonstationary process. As a general model selection criterion the AIC is considered. It can for example automatically select between stationary models, nonstationary models and deterministic trends.
The stress-dilatancy relation for static equilibrium of an assembly of particles in contact

The dilatancy and strength of an assembly of individual particles in contact when subjected to a deviatoric stress system is found to depend on the angle of friction ϕμ between the particle surfaces, on the geometrical angle of packing, a, and on the degree of energy loss during remoulding. The Mohr-Coulomb criterion of failure which is strictly applicable to a continuum is shown not to have general application to a discontinuous assembly of particles. A theoretical and experimental study of ideal assemblies of rods and uniform spheres establishes expressions for the relation between the rate of dilatancy and the maximum stress ratio for any ideal packing. The solution is extended to the case of a random assembly of irregular particles by investigating the conditions under which the mass dilates such that the rate of internal work absorbed in frictional heat is a minimum. Experiments on random masses of steel, glass, and quartz in which all the physical properties are measured independently show that the minimum energy criterion is closely obeyed by highly dilatant dense over-consolidated and reloaded assemblies throughout deformation to failure. An additional rate of energy has to be supplied to account for losses due to rearranging of loose packings, when the value of ϕ to satisfy the theory increases to ϕf by an amount dependent on the degree of remoulding. The external stresses applied to an assembly are to be integrated over the a-plane defined with reference to figure 14(a) as a plane of repetition of pattern over which the particles interlock, and the resulting forces are to be in equilibrium for sliding on particle interfaces at (45 — 1/2ϕf) to the direction of the major principal stress. For the special case of no volume change these two planes are identical and the solution agrees then with that based on the Mohr-Coulomb theory. The well-known slip plane in drained discontinuous assemblies is proved to be the result of failure and nothing whatsoever to do with the peak strength. The findings are discussed in the light of previous contributions to the subject.
A spherical envelope approach to ciliary propulsion

In this paper, an attempt has been made to model the dynamics of ciliary propulsion through the concept of an ‘envelope’ covering the ends of the numerous cilia of the microscopic organism. This approximation may be made in the case when the cilia are close together, as can occur in the case of the symplectic metachronal wave (i.e. the wave travels in the same direction as the effective beat). For simplicity, a spherical model has been chosen, and the analysis which follows is a correction to Lighthill's (1952) paper on squirming motions of a nearly spherical organism. The velocity and efficiency compared to the work done in pushing an inert organism are obtained, and compared to that of a ciliated organism.
Impurity-Band Tails in the High-Density Limit. I. Minimum Counting Methods

A new approximate method is presented for calculating the density of states and one-electron Green's function in the low-energy tail of a high-density impurity band. Such states occur in regions of large attractive potential produced by unusually high (random) concentrations of attractive centers and/or unusually low concentrations of repulsive centers. These well-separated deep wells each have one bound state of lowest energy. The distribution of these lowest levels vields the low-energy tail. For any one well, a bound-state energy $E({\mathbf{x}}_{0})$ is estimated variationally using $\ensuremath{\psi}(\mathbf{x})=f(\mathbf{x}\ensuremath{-}{\mathbf{x}}_{0})$, where $f(\mathbf{x})$ has any fixed form. The best energy for any well is obtained by minimizing $E({\mathbf{x}}_{0})$ with respect to ${\mathbf{x}}_{0}$ in the vicinity of that well. The number of wells that contribute to the density of states at energy $E$ is given by the number of local minima in $E({\mathbf{x}}_{0})$ that occur at the level $E$. In the high-density limit, Gaussian statistics are adequate for treating the potential fluctuations and the expectation value for the density of states is easily calculated. At low energies the best choice for the function $f$ is that which maximizes the expected density of states. Application to an exactly soluble one-dimensional model, a Gaussian "white noise" potential, yields the correct asymptotic form $\ensuremath{\rho}(E)=\mathrm{const}|E|\mathrm{exp}[\ensuremath{-}(\frac{4}{3}){|2E|}^{\frac{3}{2}}]$. In three dimensions, the density of states in the Gaussian approximation is found to have the form $\ensuremath{\rho}(E)=[\frac{A(E)}{{\ensuremath{\xi}}^{2}}]\mathrm{exp}[\frac{\ensuremath{-}B(E)}{(2\ensuremath{\xi})}]$, where $\ensuremath{\xi}$ is proportional to the concentration of impurities and to the square of the strength of the impurity potential. For screened, charged impurities, $B(E)={E}_{{Q}^{2}}b(\ensuremath{\nu})$, $A(E)={Q}^{3}{E}_{{Q}^{3}}a(\ensuremath{\nu})$, where ${E}_{Q}=\frac{{\ensuremath{\hbar}}^{2}{Q}^{2}}{(2{m}^{*})}$, ($\frac{1}{Q}$) is the screening radius, and $\ensuremath{\nu}=\frac{({E}_{0}\ensuremath{-}E)}{{E}_{Q}}$ is the energy below the mean potential ${E}_{0}$ in units of ${E}_{Q}$. Computer-calculated curves are provided for the "universal" dimensionless functions $a(\ensuremath{\nu})$ and $b(\ensuremath{\nu})$. The exponent $b(\ensuremath{\nu})$ behaves like ${\ensuremath{\nu}}^{\frac{1}{2}}$ when $\ensuremath{\nu}$ is small (strong screening) and behaves like ${\ensuremath{\nu}}^{2}$ when $\ensuremath{\nu}$ is large (weak screening).
Testing Equality between Two Diagnostic Procedures in Paired‐Sample Ordinal Data

When a new diagnostic procedure is developed, it is important to assess whether the diagnostic accuracy of the new procedure is different from that of the standard procedure. For paired‐sample ordinal data, this paper develops two test statistics for testing equality of the diagnostic accuracy between two procedures without assuming any parametric models. One is derived on the basis of the probability of correctly identifying the case for a randomly selected pair of a case and a non‐case over all possible cutoff points, and the other is derived on the basis of the sensitivity and specificity directly. To illustrate the practical use of the proposed test procedures, this paper includes an example regarding the use of digitized and plain films for screening breast cancer. This paper also applies Monte Carlo simulation to evaluate the finite sample performance of the two statistics developed here and notes that they can perform well in a variety of situations. (© 2004 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Fabrication of L10-ordered FePt granular media using an in-line sputtering system

FePtAg-SiO2 granular films were fabricated using an in-line sputtering system with a composite alloy target. Two heating methods were investigated in consideration of practical manufacturing processes. Structural analyses showed that the FePtAg-SiO2 film had better L10 ordered structure and clearer grain boundaries when deposited on the preheated substrate than when annealed after deposition. Adding Ag improved both the L10 ordering and the face centered tetragonal (001) texture. Torque magnetometry indicated that the FePtAg-SiO2 film had a uniaxial perpendicular anisotropy of 1.4 × 107 (erg/cc) at an ordering parameter S of 0.72.
A Bayesian semiparametric model for organism based environmental reconstruction

Reconstruction of past environment based on fossil data is an important scientific problem and much work has been done to address this. One important issue in this regard is the relationship between species and environment. The available statistical approaches, both classical and Bayesian, make the assumption that species abundances occur symmetrically around a single preferable environmental condition. In other words, it is generally assumed that the relationship between species and environment is unimodal. However, this may not be true in reality.
Nonlinear dynamics of three-dimensional long-wave Marangoni instability in thin liquid films

The three-dimensional evolution of the long-wave Marangoni instability of thin liquid films is studied. According to earlier theoretical predictions no continuous steady states exist and the film ruptures. As in two dimensions, the mechanism of fingering is found to be a main route to rupture. A four-fold rotational symmetry of the film interface is retained, when a square periodic domain and the harmonic initial disturbance are used. A use of initial random disturbances in general eliminates the square symmetry of the solution. An increase of the domain size results in a growing complexity of the emerging patterns. In contrast with the dynamics in two dimensions the evolution of the interface in three dimensions and in particular the pattern emerging at rupture may strongly depend on the choice of the initial condition. The two-dimensional evolution of the film is found to be unstable to small three-dimensional random disturbances.
Observation of the Dispersion Relation for Spin Waves in Hexagonal Cobalt

The acoustic branch of the spin‐wave spectrum of hexagonal cobalt has been measured for values of the magnon wave vector q up to qc/2π=0.2 by observing the inelastic scattering of polarized neutrons by the diffraction method. The results indicate a decided departure from the dispersion law expected for a Heisenberg ferromagnet. In particular, if the energy is expressed as a sum of q2 and q4 terms, then the q4 term should only contribute 3% to the energy, whereas a contribution of 35% is observed. The coefficient of the q2 term yields an exchange stiffness parameter D=490±20 meV·A2.
The relationship between depression, anxiety, e-health literacy, and health-promoting behavior in nursing students during COVID-19

The purpose of this study was to identify the correlation between depression, anxiety, e-health literacy (eHL), and health-promoting behaviors among nursing students during the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, and to identify the factors affecting health-promoting behaviors. A cross-sectional study was conducted online, recruiting 301 nursing students recruited from 4 universities in the Chungcheng Province and Daejeon Metropolitan City in South Korea between May 28 and June 30, 2021. Data were analyzed using SPSS WIN 27.0. The general characteristics of the study participants were analyzed by frequency and percentage, and the degree of depression, anxiety, eHL, and health-promoting behaviors were calculated as averages and standard deviations. Differences in health-promoting behaviors according to general characteristics were analyzed using independent t tests and analysis of variance, and a post hoc Scheffe test was conducted. Correlations between depression, anxiety, eHL, and health-promoting behaviors were measured using Pearson correlation matrices. Stepwise multiple regression was performed to identify factors affecting health-promoting behaviors. During the COVID-19 pandemic, the average level of depression and anxiety was reported to be 3.93 (4.71) and 3.40 (4.30), respectively; 33.2% of nursing students experienced more than mild depression and 29.2% experienced anxiety. The average eHL level was 3.91 (0.56), and the average of health-promoting behaviors was 2.43 (0.45). Depression was positively correlated with anxiety (R = 0.734, P < .001) and negatively correlated with health-promoting behaviors (r = −0.198, P = .001), whereas eHL had a positive correlation with health-promoting behaviors (R = 0.347, P < .001). The factors affecting health-promoting behaviors were religion (β = −0.160, standard error [SE] = 0.048), current health status (β = −0.097, SE = 0.032), frequency of searching the Internet for health-related information in a week (β = −0.070, SE = 0.026), interest in health (β = −0.191, SE = 0.039), and critical eHL (β = 0.243, SE = 0.040); the explanatory power was 27.4%. Results demonstrate that during the COVID-19 pandemic, higher depression and anxiety among nursing students decreased health-promoting behaviors, while higher eHL increased health-promoting behaviors, and eHL was a major factor affecting health-promoting behaviors. These results contribute to the provision of basic data for the development of nursing intervention programs and educational strategies that can establish correct health-promoting behaviors by managing depression and anxiety among nursing students and improving eHL.
The usefulness of image-enhanced endoscopy to distinguish gastric carcinoma in tumors initially diagnosed as adenomas by endoscopic biopsy: A retrospective study

Superficial epithelial gastric neoplasms can be divided into adenomas and early carcinomas. Histological diagnosis by endoscopic forceps biopsy is crucial for the diagnosis and management of gastric neoplasms. It is difficult to distinguish features of gastric neoplasms in small biopsy specimens; hence, gastric carcinomas can be underdiagnosed as adenomas. Recent developments in image-enhanced endoscopy have improved the ability to differentiate between carcinomatous and non-carcinomatous lesions. To investigate the prevalence of gastric carcinoma in lesions initially diagnosed as adenomas by forceps biopsy and assess the usefulness of image-enhanced endoscopy in distinguishing carcinomas. A total of 142 lesions of gastric adenomas, diagnosed by biopsy and resected endoscopically between January 2010 and May 2020, were retrospectively evaluated. Images were captured by white-light endoscopy (WLE), magnifying endoscopy with narrow-band imaging (M-NBI), and magnifying endoscopy with acetic acid and narrow-band imaging (M-AANBI); they were analyzed and compared with histopathological results. The diagnostic performance of M-AANBI was compared with that of M-NBI. Of the 142 lesions, 58 (40.8%) were pathologically diagnosed as adenocarcinomas. On WLE images, a depressed macroscopic type and size ≥20 mm were significant predictors of carcinoma (P < .001); however, they displayed low sensitivities (32.8% and 41.4%, respectively). M-AANBI displayed significantly higher sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy for distinguishing carcinomas than M-NBI (94.8% vs 74.1%, 81.0% vs 72.6%, and 86.6% vs 73.2%, P < .05). In conclusion, carcinoma was prevalent in 40.8% of gastric lesions initially diagnosed as adenomas by forceps biopsy. M-AANBI may be more useful than M-NBI and WLE in distinguishing gastric carcinomas from adenomas.
Imposed layer-by-layer growth by pulsed laser interval deposition

Pulsed laser deposition has become an important technique to fabricate novel materials. Although there is the general impression that, due to the pulsed deposition, the growth mechanism differs partially from continuous physical and chemical deposition techniques, it has hardly been used. Here, we will introduce a growth method, based on a periodic sequence: fast deposition of the amount of material needed to complete one monolayer followed by an interval in which no deposition takes place and the film can reorganize. This makes it possible to grow in a layer-by-layer fashion in a growth regime (temperature, pressure) where otherwise island formation would dominate the growth.
Gender-related differences in the coagulofibrinolytic responses and long-term outcomes in patients with isolated traumatic brain injury: A 2-center retrospective study

Coagulation function differs by gender, with women being characterized as more hypercoagulable. Even in the early stages of trauma, women have been shown to be hypercoagulable. Several studies have also examined the relationship between gender and the prognosis of trauma patients, but no certain conclusions have been reached. Patients with isolated traumatic brain injury (iTBI) are known to have coagulopathy, but no previous studies have examined the gender differences in detail. This is a retrospective analysis of a prospective registry conducted at 2 centers. The study included adult patients with iTBI enrolled from April 2018 to March 2021. Coagulofibrinolytic markers were measured in each patient at 1 hour, 24 hours, 3 days, and 7 days after injury, and neurological outcomes were assessed with the Glasgow Outcome Scale Extended at 6 months. Subgroup analysis was also performed by categorizing patients into groups according to neurological prognosis or age at 50 years. Males (n = 31) and females (n = 21) were included in the analysis. In males, there was a significant difference in the levels of activated partial thromboplastin time (P = .007), fibrin/fibrinogen degradation products (P = .025), D-dimer (P = .034), α2-plasmin inhibitor (P = .030), plasmin-α2-plasmin inhibitor complex (P = .004) at 1 hour after injury between favorable and unfavorable long-term neurological outcome groups, while in females there was no significant difference in these markers between 2 groups. In the age group under 50 years, there were significant gender differences in fibrinogen (day 3: P = .018), fibrin/fibrinogen degradation products (1 hour: P = .037, day 3: P = .009, day 7: P = .037), D-dimer (day 3: P = .005, day 7: P = .010), plasminogen (day 3: P = .032, day 7: P = .032), and plasmin-α2-plasmin inhibitor complex (day 3: P = .001, day 7: P = .001), and these differences were not evident in the age group over 50 years. There were differences in coagulofibrinolytic markers depending on gender in patients with iTBI. In male patients, aggravation of coagulofibrinolytic markers immediately after traumatic brain injury may be associated with poor neurologic outcome 6 months after injury.
Complementary split-ring resonator-based accelerating structure

We describe a novel particle accelerating structure consisting of Complementary Split-Ring Resonators (C-SRRs) etched into the lower and upper walls of a copper rectangular waveguide. Outer cylindrical cavities enclosing the C-SRR sections allow a vacuum to be maintained. The accelerating gradient of a 1 GHz cavity is simulated to be 8.76 MV/m, when referenced to the actual accelerating gap, for only 10.7 kW of input power. Particle simulation results confirm the efficacy of the proposed structure. A simple analytical model of the structure is given as a design aid to compute the relationship between the key geometrical parameters and the resonance frequency.
Macrosonics and the Ultrasonic Motor

Macrosonics is presented as a part of a complete periodic motion and mechanical vibration spectrum, followed by a resume of the uses of ultrasonic motors, including the category of macrosonic motors that covers a frequency range dipping down into the sonic and subsonic levels. Several features of ultrasonic motor design, to which the author has contributed, are presented and are connected with practical problems that arise in applying such motors in the macrosonic sense. These features include the production of high output motor velocities without benefit of effects normally associated with ultrasonic horns or mechanical impedance transformers; the incorporation into a macrosonic motor of a “flywheel” effect; and the provision of macrosonic energy storage by means of motor elements whose cross section is not limited by the usual quarter wavelength requirements. The elementary properties of macrosonic motors are reviewed together with the relevance of such properties to macrosonic technological applications. Specifically, some of these properties are illustrated in greater detail in reference to joining metals and plastics, as well as to metal deformation. The special areas selected are confined to methods and means arising directly out of the author's work.