Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Revisiting the Authoritative–Dialogic Tension in Inquiry-Based Elementary Science Teacher Questioning

Building on the ‘questioning-based discourse analytical’ framework developed by Singapore-based science educator and discourse analyst, Christine Chin, this study investigated the extent to which fifth-grade science teachers' use of questions with either an authoritative or dialogic orientation differentially restricted or expanded the quality and complexity of student responses in the USA. The author analyzed approximately 10 hours of classroom discourse from elementary science classrooms organized around inquiry-based science curricula and texts. Teacher questions and feedback were classified according to their dialogic orientation and contextually inferred structural purpose, while student understanding was operationalized as a dynamic interaction between cognitive process, syntacto-semantic complexity, and science knowledge type. The results of this study closely mirror Chin's and other scholars' findings that the fixed nature of authoritatively oriented questioning can dramatically limit students' op.
Differential Regulation of P27Kip1 Expression by Mitogenic and Hypertrophic Factors

Platelet-derived growth factor-BB (PDGF-BB) acts as a full mitogen for cultured aortic smooth muscle cells (SMC), promoting DNA synthesis and cell proliferation. In contrast, angiotensin II (Ang II) induces cellular hypertrophy as a result of increased protein synthesis, but is unable to drive cells into S phase. In an effort to understand the molecular basis for this differential growth response, we have examined the downstream effects of PDGF-BB and Ang II on regulators of the cell cycle machinery in rat aortic SMC. Both PDGF-BB and Ang II were found to stimulate the accumulation of G1 cyclins with similar kinetics. In addition, little difference was observed in the expression level of their catalytic partners, Cdk4 and Cdk2. However, while both factors increased the enzymatic activity of Cdk4, only PDGF-BB stimulated Cdk2 activity in late G1 phase. The lack of activation of Cdk2 in Ang II-treated cells was causally related to the failure of Ang II to stimulate phosphorylation of the enzyme on threonine and to downregulate p27Kip1 expression. By contrast, exposure to PDGF-BB resulted in a progressive and dramatic reduction in the level of p27Kip1 protein. The time course of p27Kip1 decline was correlated with a reduced rate of synthesis and an increased rate of degradation of the protein. Importantly, the repression of p27Kip1 synthesis by PDGF-BB was associated with a marked attenuation of Kip1 gene transcription and a corresponding decrease in Kip1 mRNA accumulation. We also show that the failure of Ang II to promote S phase entry is not related to the autocrine production of transforming growth factor-β1 by aortic SMC. These results identify p27Kip1 as an important regulator of the phenotypic response of vascular SMC to mitogenic and hypertrophic stimuli.
Japanese Lesson Study: Teacher Professional Development through Communities of Inquiry

Japanese Lesson Study has come under increasing attention from educators in the West and throughout South-East Asia since it was revealed outside Japan through the release of the TIMSS Video Study. In this paper we argue that Japanese Lesson Study provides a model for large scale, sustainable professional development. In particular, we draw on our own experience of Japanese Lesson Study and the research literature to describe its characteristic features and examine some of the cultural assumptions that underpin its implementation.
Multiple Language Gender Identification for Blog Posts

In data-driven gender identification, it has been so far largely assumed that the same types of (mostly content-oriented) data features can be used to differentiate between male and female authors. In most cases, this distinction is done in a monolingual scenario. In this work, we discuss a set of features that distinguish between genders in six different datasets of blog data in English, Spanish, French, German, Italian and Catalan with accuracies that range from 77% to 88%. Using a reduced set of language-independent structural features in a multilingual scenario we first identify the gender and then the gender and language of the author, achieving accuracies higher than 74%.
Community Culture and School Climate.

Educational research confirms the importance of school climate and culture to the academic attainment of students. Culture is the shared assumptions and ideologies of an organization, its philosophical base (Schein, 1992). Climate is the particular school’s ambience, the feeling one receives upon entering the building. Climate is viewed separately from culture but is a subdivision of culture (Hoy, Tarter & Kottkamp, 1991). Climate is nebulous. It cannot be seen or touched, only felt. Principals and teachers are the architects of climate in a school; students just walk into it. A positive, open, and nurturing climate creates an environment that fosters productivity and achievement for both teachers and students. This type of climate is intimate, supportive, and collegial. A child educated in this type of environment is eager to learn and enjoys his/her time in school. Children in this environment develop motivation, respect, and care for one another. They become contributory members of the student body (Hoy, Tarter, & Kottkamp, 1991). Qualitative analysis demonstrates the importance of a healthy, open, positive climate on academic achievement and self-esteem. Motivation can lead to higher achievement. Intellectual ability alone does not constitute school success; intellect must be propelled by motivation and channeled by instruction. The relationships among school personnel contribute to the school’s climate, as does the physical plant of the school itself. Schools must be a second home for children, orderly, attractive, warm, comfortable. Schools should be welcoming. But the major facet that creates climate is the attitude of the people who inhabit the building. So, the question remains, how do we change the school environment? How do we enable all schools to have open, positive climates that are inviting, intimate, collegial, supportive and nurturing?
Get the cogs in synch: time horizon aspects of industry--academia collaboration

In industry--academia collaboration projects, there are many issues related to different time horizons in industry and academia. If not adressed upfront, they may hinder collaboration in such projects. We analyze our experiences from a 10 year industry--academia collaboration program, the EASE Industrial Excellence Center in Sweden, and identify issues and feasible practices to overcome the hurdles of different time horizons. Specifically, we identify issues related to contracts, goals, results, organization (in)stability, and work practices. We identify several areas where the time horizon is different, and conclude that mutual awareness of these differences and management commitment to the collaboration are the key means to overcome the differences. The launch of a mediating institute may also be part of the solution.
Alternative-Splicing in the Exon-10 Region of GABAA Receptor β2 Subunit Gene: Relationships between Novel Isoforms and Psychotic Disorders

Background Non-coding single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in GABRB2, the gene for β2-subunit of gamma-aminobutyric acid type A (GABAA) receptor, have been associated with schizophrenia (SCZ) and quantitatively correlated to mRNA expression and alternative splicing. Methods and Findings Expression of the Exon 10 region of GABRB2 from minigene constructs revealed this region to be an “alternative splicing hotspot” that readily gave rise to differently spliced isoforms depending on intron sequences. This led to a search in human brain cDNA libraries, and the discovery of two novel isoforms, β2S1 and β2S2, bearing variations in the neighborhood of Exon-10. Quantitative real-time PCR analysis of postmortem brain samples showed increased β2S1 expression and decreased β2S2 expression in both SCZ and bipolar disorder (BPD) compared to controls. Disease-control differences were significantly correlated with SNP rs187269 in BPD males for both β2S1 and β2S2 expressions, and significantly correlated with SNPs rs2546620 and rs187269 in SCZ males for β2S2 expression. Moreover, site-directed mutagenesis indicated that Thr365, a potential phosphorylation site in Exon-10, played a key role in determining the time profile of the ATP-dependent electrophysiological current run-down. Conclusion This study therefore provided experimental evidence for the importance of non-coding sequences in the Exon-10 region in GABRB2 with respect to β2-subunit splicing diversity and the etiologies of SCZ and BPD.
Transforming gifts into talents: the DMGT as a developmental theory1

The Differentiated Model of Giftedness and Talent (DMGT) presents the talent development process (P) as the transformation of outstanding natural abilities, or gifts (G), into outstanding systematically developed skills which define expertise, or talent (T) 3 in a particular occupational field. This developmental sequence constitutes the heart of the DMGT. Three types of catalysts help or hinder that process: (a) interpersonal (I) catalysts, like personal traits and self‐management processes; (b) environmental (E) catalysts, like socio‐demographic factors, psychological influences (e.g., from parents, teachers, or peers), or special talent development facilities and programs; and (c) chance (C). The DMGT includes a 5‐level metric‐based (MB) system to operationalize the prevalence of gifted or talented individuals, with a basic ‘top 10 per cent’ threshold for mild giftedness or talent, through successive 10 per cent cuts for moderate, high, exceptional and extreme levels. Complex interactions between the six components are surveyed. The text ends with a proposed answer to a fundamental question: ‘What factor(s) make(s) a difference, on average, between those who emerge among the talented and those who remain average? ’
Social thinking to design social software: A course experience report

Open-source development, social production, social networks and other factors change the way we understand software systems. The paper motivates the use of social thinking to design social software. We report on our experience in teaching a social software engineering course. We evaluate the course and the use of social thinking. We conclude with further research questions.
What Next for the Community Colleges? An ERIC Review

The imminence of a millennial year has stimulated a wealth of studies on the future of community colleges. Statewide commissions in Maryland, Alabama, Virginia, North Carolina, Connecticut, to name only a few, have projected prospects and possibilities for the colleges. This paper summarizes the trends noted in several state reports and, drawing on the numerous documents that flow into the ERIC Clearinghouse for Junior Colleges, reviews the steps that colleges are taking toward furthering enrollments, stabilizing curriculum, and reporting their own effects.
Parents' experiences of applied behaviour analysis (ABA)‐based interventions for children diagnosed with autistic spectrum disorder

Applied behaviour analysis (ABA)-based programmes are endorsed as the gold standard for treatment of children with autistic spectrum disorder (ASD) in most of North America. This is not the case in most of Europe, where instead a non-specified ‘eclectic’ approach is adopted. We explored the social validity of ABA-based interventions with 15 European families who had experience with home-based, mainly self-managed, ABA-based programmes for their own child/ren with ASD. The results of the study highlighted the overwhelmingly positive impact that ABA-based interventions had on their children in areas such as social skills, challenging behaviour, communication, gross and fine motor skills, concentration, interaction, independence, overall quality of life and, most importantly, a feeling of hope for the future. Implications for European policy on ASD are discussed.
Effects of Anti-Juvenile Hormone (Precocene II) Treatment on Phase Changes and Pheromone Production in the Desert Locust, Schistocerca gregaria (Forskal) (Orthoptera: Acrididae)

The roles of anti-juvenile hormone (precocene II) on phase changes and pheromone production were examined in laboratory-bred gregarious desert locust, Schistocerca gregaria. Precocene II was applied to last instar nymphs and newly emerged adults in gregarious phase. Generally, the 5 th instar nymphs exhibited a higher sensitivity to topical appli- cation of precocen II than the adults. In contrast, the adults exhibited a higher sensitivity to injection of precocen II in comparison to 5 th instar nymphs. Topical application or injection of precocene II inhibited pheromone production (as measured by the amount of phenylacetonitrile released). Both topical application to 5 th instar nymphs and injection to adults affected the external body coloration, sexual behavior and mating of gregarious adult males, S. gregaria in com- parison to control insects.
The local distribution of highly divergent mitochondrial DNA haplotypes in toque macaques Macaca sinica at Polonnaruwa, Sri Lanka

Surveys of mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) variation in macaque monkeys have revealed extremely high levels of intraspecific divergence among haplotypes. One consistent pattern that has emerged from these studies is that divergent haplotypes are geographically segregated so that sampling a few matrilines from a given region shows them to be identical, or a closely related subset of haplotypes. Geographically structured mtDNA variation has also been commonly observed in other taxa. In this study, haplotype variation and distribution are studied in detail within a local population of toque macaques. The results show that highly divergent haplotypes, differing by 3.1% in their nucleotide sequences, coexist in this population and that they may be spatially segregated even on this micro‐geographic scale. Furthermore, these differences are maintained between social groups that exchange male migrants, and thus nuclear genes, frequently.
Key Distribution versus Key Enhancement in Quantum Cryptography

It has been said that quantum cryptography in general offers a secure solution to the problem of key enhancement. This means that two parties who already share a small secret key, can use quantum protocols to establish a new large secret key. This large secret key can be arbitrarily long and is unbreakable. Thus, to date, the main contribution of quantum cryptography has been believed to be quantum key enhancement. This paper shows that quantum cryptography can do significantly more. The quantum protocol described here distributes an unbreakable secret key to the two parties by relying on public information only. This is the first time that quantum cryptography is shown to be able to produce secret information using only public information. This contribution is also unique for cryptography in general, classical and quantum.
Áhrif alkóhólisma foreldra og forráðaaðila á börn þeirra

According to the World Health Organisation, alcohol consumption in Iceland and other western countries has increased and is now considered the third major influence on poor health of individuals worldwide. Number of individuals who consume alcohol can develop alcoholism which is considered to have dramatic influence on the individual and the people around him. The purpose of this thesis was to explore whether and how exposure to alcoholism can influence children’s development. Possible solutions in Iceland and other countries for children exposed to parental alcoholism were examined as well as useful methods nurses can assist and support these children were indentified. Comparison research outcomes on children exposed to parental alcoholism show increased risk for these children developing problems associated with development, learning abilities, behaviour in addition to emotional and psychological health of the individual. Children exposed to parental alcoholism may find it more difficult to bond with others and build romantic relationship later in life. They are also less likely to achieve acceptable self-control which is considered linked to positive development. Some children seem to develop a kind of resilience to be able to deal with increased pressure without giving in. Sadly this does not include all children and therefore it is vital to react early and help these children build up defences against countering the risk.
Expository Paragraph Properties That Influence Literal Recall

Carroll and Freedle (1972) have speculated that the structure of prose paragraphs may constitute a form of plan that influences the manner in which information is processed and/or recalled by the reader. This study investigated the influence of prose structure on sixth grade readers' literal recall scores. Internal and external structural properties of meaningful and less meaningful paragraphs were manipulated. Internal as well as external structural properties had a significant joint influence with paragraph meaningfulness on literal recall. Students reading paragraphs with compact subtopic structure obtained significantly higher recall scores than those reading paragraphs employing a discontinous subtopic structure. At each level of paragraph meaningfulness, the presentation of a main idea statement appeared to have a significant influence on recall.
EFFECTIVENESS OF COPING SKILLS TRAINING BASED ON “MARLATT RELAPSE PREVENTION MODEL” IN RELAPSE PREVENTION AND RESILIENCY ENHANCEMENT IN SUBJECTS WITH SUBSTANCE DEPENDENCY

Introduction: The aim of this study was to determine the effectiveness of coping skills training based on “Marlatt Relapse Prevention Model” in relapse prevention and resiliency enhancement in subjects with substance dependency. Method: In a semi-experimental study, 27 subjects with diagnosis of opiate dependency who successfully detoxified were divided into two experimental group (13 subjects) and control group (14 subjects) selected by available sampling method. The experimental group received 12 sessions of coping skills training and the control group did not receive any treatment. All subjects were assessed by Conner-Davidson Resiliency Scale (CD-RIS) and morphine test before treatment, after treatment, and after a 4-month follow up stage. Data were analyzed using χ2 test and covariance analysis. Results: χ2 test result showed that experimental and control groups had a significant difference in relapse rates. In addition, covariance analysis showed a significant difference between two groups in resiliency enhancement at periods of post test and follow up. Conclusion: Study results indicated that coping skills training is effective in resiliency enhancement and relapse prevention in people with substance dependency.
Evidenciação das Informações Ambientais das Empresas do Setor de Energia Elétrica do Brasil no ano de 2012

Nos ultimos anos a questao ambiental ganhou espaco no meio empresarial e tem proporcionado uma maior divulgacao das externalidades ecologicas. Nesse sentido, o presente estudo objetiva identificar o nivel de evidenciacao ambiental nas demonstracoes contabeis das empresas do setor de energia eletrica do Brasil, no ano de 2012. Para tanto, foram selecionadas as empresas brasileiras do setor de energia eletrica classificadas como 100 maiores empresas do Brasil de acordo com a Revista Exame. Desse contingente foram encontradas um total de 13 organizacoes, destas apenas 8 tiveram suas demonstracoes divulgadas no site da BM&F Bovespa. Assim, foi realizada uma analise das Notas Explicativas e Relatorios da Administracao levando em consideracao a NBC-T 15, para identificar o nivel de evidenciacao ambiental destas empresas, atraves de um criterio de classificacao que variou entre otimo, bom, regular ou ruim. O software check list Word foi utilizado para realizar a analise de conteudo. Os resultados evidenciam que a divulgacao das informacoes de natureza ambiental ainda e muito timida. As empresas com o nivel mais satisfatorio (regular) com 36,36% de evidenciacao foram Petrobras, AES Eletropaulo, Cemig Distribuicao e Copel e as empresas com nivel menos satisfatorio de evidenciacao (ruim) com 0% de evidenciacao foram Eletrobras e Ligth Distribuicao, denotando que deste segmento empresarial o nivel de evidenciacao ambiental ainda e fragil e necessita de regulamentacao e maior transparencia.
Torque control characterization of a rotary series elastic actuator for knee rehabilitation

This paper presents the evaluation of a rotary Series Elastic Actuator (SEA) designed to assist in flexion/extension of the knee joint during physical therapy. The proposed device includes a DC motor, a worm gear and a customized torsion spring. Since the elastic element is the most important component in the SEA design, an analysis procedure based on Finite Element Method (FEM) is used in order to meet the specific requirements of knee assistance. With a total weight of 2.53 kg, it is possible to directly mount the actuator on a knee orthosis frame. Torque controller is implemented to ensure secure interaction with the patient and enable new strategies for rehabilitation. The design specifications as well as the controllers performance are verified by experiments.
Whence Democracy? A Review and Critique of the Conceptual Dimensions and Implications of the Business Case for Organizational Democracy

Predominantly in the USA, the business case for organizational democracy has recently emerged out of new wave management and is characterized by a communitarian challenge to the economic efficiency of hierarchical modes of organizational governance. It presents democratization as a pragmatic remedial device to counter the symptoms of employee alienation and ameliorate the organizational problems associated with destabilized capitalism. This paper outlines the origins and nature of the business case for organizational democracy through a comparison with new wave management; uncovers its underlying rationale in terms of an array of constitutive assumptions that justify and differentiate its prescriptions for the workplace; and considers the implications of using a business case to legitimate the democratization of work organizations. It concludes by outlining the paradoxes inherent in the business case and suggests that, rather than appropriating the business case’s functionalist teleology, it is at the interconnection of politics, ethics and knowledge, together with more consideration of the values and particularism which underpin trust in hierarchy, whence organizational democracy can best gather its rationale and legitimization.
Applying Cooperative Learning Technique in the Classroom: An Examination of Leadership Styles in CIS Majors

Cooperative learning is becoming more prevalent in the classroom and has been shown to be an effective method for both faculty and students; however, it can often be difficult for faculty without expertise in leadership styles to implement the principles of cooperative learning and, more specifically, create successful teams. This paper (1) examines the leadership styles of Computer and Information Systems graduate and undergraduate students, (2) analyzes the validity of using students’ self-reported leadership style, and (3) demonstrates how faculty could use an easily understood measure to help ensure successful cooperative learning experiences.
Approximability of virtual machine allocation: much harder than bin packing

The allocation of virtual machines (VMs) to physical machines in data centers is a key optimization problem for cloud service providers. It is well known that the VM allocation problem contains the classic bin packing problem as special case. This paper investigates to what extent the existing approximability results on bin packing and its generalizations can be applied to the VM allocation problem.