Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
A Nonparametric Sum of Ranks Procedure for Relative Spread in Unpaired Samples

Abstract A nonparametric procedure is presented to test the null hypothesis that two independent samples come from the same population against the alternative hypothesis that the samples come from populations differing in variability or “spread. ” Extensive tables of critical values are included for n 1≤n 2≤20. Large sample procedures are presented which include a correction for tied observations. The test is entirely distribution-free under the usual randomization procedures against the null hypothesis that the two distributions are identical. The absence of any normality assumption is a particularly important feature of the test, because its parametric alternative, the F test for variance differences, is quite sensitive to departures from normality. The test has the additional advantage of being directly applicable to non-numerical ordinal data.
Potential flood hazard assessment by integration of ALOS PALSAR and ASTER GDEM: a case study for the Hoa Chau commune, Hoa Vang district, in central Vietnam

Abstract The potential flood hazard was assessed for the Hoa Chau commune in central Vietnam in order to identify the high flood hazard zones for the decision makers who will execute future rural planning. A new approach for deriving the potential flood hazard based on integration of inundation and flow direction maps is described. Areas inundated in the historical flood event of 2007 were extracted from Advanced Land Observing Satellite (ALOS) phased array L-band synthetic aperture data radar (PALSAR) images, while flow direction characteristics were derived from the ASTER GDEM to extract the depressed surfaces. Past flood experience and the flow direction were then integrated to analyze and rank the potential flood hazard zones. The land use/cover map extracted from LANDSAT TM and flood depth point records from field surveys were utilized to check the possibility of susceptible inundated areas, extracting data from ALOS PALSAR and ranking the potential flood hazard. The estimation of potential flood hazard areas revealed that 17.43% and 17.36% of Hoa Chau had high and medium potential flood hazards, respectively. The flow direction and ALOS PALSAR data were effectively integrated for determining the potential flood hazard when hydrological and meteorological data were inadequate and remote sensing images taken during flood times were not available or were insufficient.
The optical light curve of SN 1985f in NGC 4618

The 4930-A optical light curve obtained for the bizarre 1985f supernova in NGC 4618 covers a six-month interval; care has been taken to eliminate contamination by bright underlying H II regions. The light curve is well approximated by a constant decline of 0.0153 mag/day. The spectroscopic work of Gaskell et al. (1986) suggests that this supernova is a Type Ib object; if so, the present observations represent the first light curve of an object of this type at late times in its evolution, furnishing a standard against which future sightings can be compared.
Explicit evaluation of Euler sums

In response to a letter from Goldbach, Euler considered sums of the form where s and t are positive integers. As Euler discovered by a process of extrapolation (from s + t ≦ 13), σh(s, t) can be evaluated in terms of Riemann ζ-functions when s + t is odd. We provide a rigorous proof of Euler's discovery and then give analogous evaluations with proofs for corresponding alternating sums. Relatedly we give a formula for the series This evaluation involves ζ-functions and σh(2, m).
Tests in von Mises and isotropic Hoffman elastoplasticity

Plane strain constitutive behaviour of von Mises and isotropic Hoffman materials is examined using single element tests. Two kinds of tests are conducted – (a) prescribed displacement tests; and (b) tests with a mixture of displacements and boundary tractions prescribed. While (a) are used to understand the manner of stress traversal on the yield surface in principal stress space, (b) are employed to study the load displacement response and the possibility of ensuing localization. Associated plasticity is assumed throughout. The tests are conducted using perfect and strain softening plasticity. It is found that for the von Mises criterion limited exact solutions can be evolved even under softening (or hardening) conditions. For isotropic Hoffman materials the nature of the stress traversal, load deflection response and the satisfaction of the localization conditions are strongly influenced by the ratio and difference of uniaxial yield strengths, in tension and compression, as well as by the softening parameters.
Students' Development of The Relationship Between The Cartesian Product, Relation and The Definition of Function

This study investigated the students’ development of the relationship between the Cartesian Product, relation and the function concepts. Six 9th grade students in a private school participated in mathematics lessons, 4 hours per week for four consecutive weeks. Students were asked to engage in GeoGebra and non-GeoGebra Tasks through focused questioning. Data from the transcripts of the audiotapes of the classroom discussions and the teacher’s reflections together with the written artifacts from the students were analyzed. Results revealed that students came to the understanding of the Cartesian Product between two sets as the matching of all elements in the sets. Results also indicated that students were able to detect why the elements of a Cartesian Product needs to be in ordered pairs. In addition, students were able to determine the graph of a function and a relation given a graph of a Cartesian Product and explain how they are related to each other. Data further pointed to some student difficulties in graphing a Cartesian Product defined on two finite and infinite sets and in considering equal sign as showing the output in terms of the input values. In this paper, we intend to contribute to the field by showing the kinds of students’ reasoning on their development of the relationship between these concepts. Also, we propose a set of GeoGebra and non-GeoGebra tasks and problems developing and assessing such relationships
Evaluation of the bridger range winter cloud seeding experiment using control gages

Abstract A randomized exploratory single-area cloud seeding experiment was carried out in the Bridger Range of southwestern Montana during the winters of 1969–72. Seeding was accomplished using ground-based silver iodide (AgI) generators located more than midway up the west (windward) slope of the north–south Main Ridge, thereby avoiding trapping by lower stable layers. A secondary ridge from 5 to 20 km east of the Main Ridge was the expected target. An extensive airborne plume tracing program provided strong evidence of successful targeting of the AgI seeding material, with further evidence furnished by tracking of pibals and silver-in-snow analysis. The experimental unit was 24 h beginning at local noon, a natural diurnal minimum in precipitation intensity. The response variable was daily precipitation amount as measured by a dense network of recording gages. Locally-launched rawinsondes and a thermograph atop the Main Ridge provided data for partitioning the experimental days. A post hoc statistical an.
Modeling interfacial heat transfer from single or multiple deforming droplets

This paper presents a method to simulate heat transfer across the interface separating immiscible liquids. One-field volume tracking is used which involves solving one set of equations for conservation of mass, momentum and energy. The original idea behind volume tracking methods has been used not only to advect mass and momentum but also energy across cell boundaries. The van Leer method is used to approximate advection temperatures across the sharp temperature gradients existing at fluid/fluid interface. As applications to this method, the fall of single and multiple molten tin droplets in oil, and the rise of octane droplets in water are simulated. For molten tin droplets, results show a region of high temperature in the wake region behind the droplets and a temperature distribution along the droplet surface. During the simulation of the fall of two successive droplets, the heat dissipation from the downstream droplet causes a dramatic change in temperature distribution of the upstream droplet. Finally, large deformations are observed during the rise of octane droplets which greatly affects the heat transfer from these droplets to water.
Combining Data from Surveys and Administrative Record Systems. The Norwegian Experience

At Statistics Norway administrative data have been extensively used in order to improve the quality of survey data. Various techniques have been used to reduce sampling variance and/or to reduce the effects of non‐response. In the present article some of the most commonly used methods are being presented, and based on empirical rather than theoretical evaluations, we give our conclusions concerning their potentials and limitations.
Motions of rigid bodies and criteria for overturning by earthquake excitations

This investigation deals with motions of rigid bodies on a rigid floor subjected to earthquake excitations, and criteria for overturning of the bodies. In order to study any motions of a body in a plane, the motions are classified into six types, i.e. (1) rest, (2) slide, (3) rotation, (4) slide rotation, (5) translation jump and (6) rotation jump. Then, the following are studied: the equations of motion, transitions of motion, and motions after impact between the body and the floor. One of the features of this investigation is the introduction of the tangent restitution coefficient which enables us to estimate the magnitude of the tangent impulse at the instant of impact. A computer program was developed to simulate the motions of bodies subjected to horizontal and vertical ground motions, numerically solving the non-linear equations of motion. Several types of simulation were carried out and the following conclusions were found. The coefficient of friction must be greater than the breadth—height-ratio in order for the body to rock. The motions after impact from translation jump are greatly influenced by the normal and tangent restitution coefficients. As criteria for overturning of bodies, at least two factors must be taken into account: the horizontal acceleration and the velocity of the floor. Then it is possible to estimate the motions of the floor from the overturning of bodies in a more reliable manner than before.
Nonmodal Development of Baroclinic Waves Undergoing Horizontal Shear Deformation

Abstract The evolution of waves in a basic state containing a constant vertical shear and a smaller constant horizontal shear is considered. The “PV-thinking” associated with counterpropagating Rossby potential vorticity (PV) edge waves found at the horizontal boundaries is used to interpret the evolution of the waves. The presence of the barotropic shear introduces a time-dependent y wavenumber, which, in turn, makes the total horizontal wavenumber a function of time. For properly configured initial (x, y) wavenumbers, the horizontal wavenumber decreases at first. This decrease induces an increase in the scale of the disturbances and a growth associated with downgradient momentum fluxes. The PV edge waves grow by mutual interactions when properly phase shifted. This growth is due to a downgradient flux of heat. These ideas are illustrated on a paradigm of type-B cyclogenesis. The nonlinear dynamics is also computed in the spirit of a weakly nonlinear analysis. This simple weakly nonlinear model captures .
Bayesian inference and prediction for modified Weibull distribution under generalized order statistics

Abstract Based on generalized order statistics (gos), Bayes estimators have been obtained for parameters, reliability and hazard function from modified Weibull distribution. The Bayes estimators are studied under squared error loss and LINEX error loss functions. The Bayesian prediction intervals for gos from the modified Weibull distribution are obtained in one sample case. Finally, a real life data set and simulation data are used to illustrate the theoretical results.
Alternatives for Mixed-Effects Meta-Regression Models in the Reliability Generalization Approach

Since heterogeneity between reliability coefficients is usually found in reliability generalization studies, moderator analyses constitute a crucial step for that meta-analytic approach. In this study, different procedures for conducting mixed-effects meta-regression analyses were compared. Specifically, four transformation methods for the reliability coefficients, two estimators of the residual between-studies variance, and two methods for testing regression coefficients significance were combined in a Monte Carlo simulation study. The different methods were compared in terms of bias and mean square error (MSE) of the slope estimates, and Type I error and statistical power rates for the slope statistical tests. The results of the simulation study did not vary as a function of the residual variance estimator. All transformation methods provided negatively biased estimates, but both bias and MSE were reasonably small in all cases. In contrast, important differences were found regarding statistical tests, with the method proposed by Knapp and Hartung showing a better adjustment to the nominal significance level and higher power rates than the standard method.
Selection of variables in multiple regression for prediction and control

Si presentano due metodi bayesiani per la scelta delle variabili nella regressione multipla. Il primo metodo si applica quando lo scopo dell'analisi e la previsione dell 'osservazione futura, il secondo quando si vuole controllare la risposta ad un valore preassegnato. I due metodi vengono confrontati ed illustrati con due esempi numerici.
Marcinkiewicz Integrals with Rough Kernel Associated with Schrodinger Operator on Vanishing Generalized Morrey Spaces (pp.40-54)

Let L=-Δ+V be a Schrodinger operator, where Δ is the Laplacian on R n , while nonnegative potential V belongs to the reverse Holder class. In this paper, we study the boundedness of the Marcinkiewicz operator with rough kernel associated with Schrodinger operator μ L j,Ω on vanishing generalized Morrey spaces VM p, φ (R n ). We find the sufficient conditions on the pair ( φ 1 , φ 2 ) which ensures the boundedness of the operators μ L φ,Ω from one vanishing generalized Morrey space VM p, φ 1 (R n ) to another VM p, φ 2 (R n ), 1<p< ∞ and from the space VM 1, φ 1 (R n ) to the weak space WVM 1, φ 2 (R n ).
Econometric models based on count data. Comparisons and applications of some estimators and tests

This paper deals with specification, estimation and tests of single equation reduced form type equations in which the dependent variable takes only non-negative integer values. Beginning with Poisson and compound Poisson models, which involve strong assumptions, a variety of possible stochastic models and their implications are discussed. A number of estimators and their properties are considered in the light of uncertainty about the data generation process. The paper also considers the role of tests in sequential revision of the model specification beginr ing with the Poisson case and provides a detailed application of the estimators and tests to a model of the number of doctor consultations.
Spin-Wave Emitting Diodes and Spin Diffusion in Magnetic Multilayers

When a dc current traverses a magnetic multilayer, a spontaneous precession of the magnetization is predicted to arise. In the present work, we discuss three different configurations for this device. We show that the multilayer must not exhibit complete mirror symmetry with respect to the median plane of the precessing layer. Also, we solve the Valet-Fert spin-diffusion equations in the various layers. The results lead to certain optimum values for the layer thicknesses and for the conduction-electron spin-relaxation time in some layers. Finally, we propose an alternate mechanism to "pump" the conduction-electron spins.
Kinematic subpopulations in dwarf spheroidal galaxies

We present new spectroscopic data for 26 stars in the recently discovered Canes Venatici I (CVn I) dwarf spheroidal galaxy, obtained with the Gemini Multi-Object Spectrograph North (GMOS-N) on the Gemini North telescope. We use these data to investigate the recent claim of the presence of two dynamically inconsistent stellar populations in this system. While we find no evidence for kinematically distinct subpopulations in our sample, we also show that the available kinematic data set in CVnI is likely too small to draw robust conclusions about its subpopulations. We are, however, able to obtain a mass estimate for CVn I that is consistent with all available data, including previously published data. We discuss possible differences between our sample and the earlier data set, and study the general detectability of subpopulations in small kinematic samples. We conclude that, in the absence of additional supporting observational evidence (e.g. metallicity gradients), subpopulations in small kinematic samples (typically fewer than 100 stars) should be treated with caution, as their identification depends on multiple parameters and rarely produces a signal at a high confidence level. It is therefore essential to explicitly determine the statistical significance of any suggested subpopulation.
Coupling estimation and control for a two dimensional Burgers type equation

The aim of this paper is to study the boundary feedback stabilization of a two dimensional Burgers type equation with a Dirichlet boundary control and boundary measurements. Thus we have to deal with highly unbounded control and observation operators. We study the well posedness of the infinite dimensional system obtained by coupling a linear estimator with a linear feedback control law for the corresponding linearized parabolic system in a neighborhood of an unstable stationary solution. We prove the local stabilization of the system obtained by applying to the nonlinear equation the linear feedback control coupled with the linear compensator. Numerical experiments confirm the theoretical results.
Fast particle generation and energy transport in laser-solid interactions

The generation of MeV electron and ion beams using lasers with intensities of up to 1020 W cm−2 is reported. Intense ion beams with high energies (up to 40 MeV and to 3×1012 protons >5 MeV) are observed. The properties of these particle beams were measured in considerable detail and the results are compared to current theoretical explanations for their generation.
Temperature of Particulates in Low‐Pressure rf‐Plasmas in Ar, Ar/H2 and Ar/N2 Mixtures

The temperature of micro‐particles, confined in the sheath of a capacitively coupled low‐pressure rf‐discharge in front of an Adaptive Electrode, has been measured for different plasma conditions and in different gas mixtures by using temperature‐dependent optical features of the particles. In the range from 10 to 50 Pa, the temperature increase with rising discharge power is found to be more pronounced at low pressures than at higher pressures. Addition of molecular gases to the argon‐plasma may either result in a temperature decrease (as in the case of nitrogen) or in additional heating of the particles (when hydrogen is added). The measured particle temperature is discussed with respect to appearing plasma‐particle interactions which contribute to the particle's energy balance (© 2010 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Layer Structures of Magnetic Oxides

In most of the ferromagnetic oxides, the anion lattices are constructed by piling up two dimentional trigonal lattice layers in succession. Metallic ions locate on the proper interstices of these anion layers, forming themselves also several kinds of layers. It has been shown that the crystal lattices of these oxides can be constructed uniquely by assuming 1) the layer structures outlined above, 2) requirement of minimizing the sum of electrostatic energy and interionic repulsive energy and, 3) the numbers of cations locating between two neighbouring anion layers are all the same, e. g. equal to that corresponding to the molecular ratio notwithstanding that there may be several kinds of cation structures as such inter-layer cation arragements. From this consideration, 13 M–O–M configurations are derived as possible configurations acting for the superexchange interaction in magnetic oxides. It is shown that the magnetic lattices also have layer structures.
Synthesis of Chitosan–TiO 2 Antimicrobial Composites via a 2-Step Process of Electrospinning and Plasma Sputtering

Electrospun chitosan (Cs) ﬁbers were deposited with titanium dioxide (TiO 2 ) particles through plasma-enhanced chemical vapor process using a compact planar magnetron device. Molecular constructs of Cs and Cs–TiO 2 were modeled using the Gaussian software package to inves-tigate their physicochemical properties and establish the mechanism of interaction between biopolymer and metal oxide. XRD crystalline peak at 25 . 3 ◦ conﬁrmed the integration of TiO 2 into the chitosan ﬁbers. Both experiment and simulation conﬁrmed Cs and TiO 2 combined to become one composite unit Cs–TiO 2 via the glycosidic bond C–O–C of the glucose ring. FTIR and simulated vibrational spectra showed band splittings at 978 and 800 cm − 1 , respectively, which suggests the integration and intermolecular attraction between Cs and TiO 2 at said linkage. SEM shows TiO 2 beads of 100–200nm sizes scattered over the chitosan ﬁbers. The molecular model of Cs–TiO 2 showed optimized geometry withlargerdipolemoment,highernegativeenergy,lowerion-ization potential and narrower HOMO–LUMO energy gap compared to pure Cs; indicative of a resultant composite with enhanced structure and reactivity. Composites synthesized at longer plasma treatment time showed better dispersion of TiO 2 deposits exhibiting higher antimicrobial power with inhibition zones approximately 11.5 mm in diameter.
Fixed point results using weak ˛ w -admissible mapping in G b -metric spaces with applications

In this paper, we propose a new kind of non-linear contraction mappings in the structure of G b -metric spaces. Some related ﬁxed point results are proved for such mappings. Our results extend, generalize and modify many famous results that exist in literature. As applications, these are used in the problems of spring mass system and non-linear integral equations
Chemical-Looping Combustion of Methane Using CaSO 4 as an Oxygen Carrier: Effects of MgO Addition

This work focused on the performance of CaSO 4 as an oxygen carrier with the addition of varying levels of MgO. The reduction of the oxygen carrier by CH 4 was investigated in a laboratory-scale ﬁxed-bed reactor. The effect of the reaction temperature was examined on the reduction of CaSO 4 . The results indicated that a higher temperature led to high combustion efﬁciency and induced CaO formation, which decreased the performance and recyclability of CaSO 4 . The addition of MgO to the CaSO 4 accelerated the reduction reaction and impeded the formation of CaO. Moreover, the MgO / CaSO 4 composite oxygen carriers manifested a better recyclability with increasing MgO levels of up to 50 wt% by reducing the formation of CaO. However, the combustion efﬁciency of CH 4 was optimal at 30 wt% MgO. Therefore, the mass fraction of MgO must be controlled to conﬁne the side reactions that are catalyzed by MgO itself, yet still help improve the overall performance of the CaSO 4 -based oxygen carrier.
A study on binding energies of Λ hypernuclei

The ground-state binding energies of hypernuclei containing single Λ hyperon have been studied in the framework of the non-relativistic Schr¨odinger equation with Hulth´en potential as the interaction potential between the Λ hyperon and the nuclei core. The results obtained were found to be in good agreement with the experimental data and other theoretical estimates, which indicates that the interaction between Λ hyperon and the core of the nucleus may be well described by the Hulth´en potential