Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The Uplink Capacity Evaluation of Wireless Networks: Spectral Analysis Approach

In this paper we study the capacity of wireless cellular network, in particular the uplink of WCDMA system by using the two dimensional continuous-time Markov chain (CTMC) technique. Considering two types of calls: real-time (RT) calls that characterized by a quasi fixed transmission rate, and best-effort (BE) calls which do not require strict demand but need some reliability conditions. We develop an approach based on the spectral analysis for evaluating the cell capacity. We explicitly obtain the simultaneous distribution of the number of RT connections and the number of BE connections in the steady-state. This analysis allows us to simplify the computation of the performance measures including expected delay and throughput of BE traffic. These performances are obtained explicitly in both cases (finite and infinite) of BE calls as function of system parameters like arrival rate of BE and RT calls, service rate of BE and RT calls. These results allow the operator to evaluate the cell capacity by varying these parameters independently of the number of BE calls according to its policy to manage the network. Note that this analysis can be applied to various systems such as WiMAX/HSPA, and for both uplink and downlink scenarios, so our spectral analysis approach is not only applicable to the uplink of WCDMA system. We further propose some CAC (Call admission control) policies for BE traffic. We finally conclude this work by some numerical and simulation results. The simulation results obtained by the network simulator (NS2) are closely to the numerical results of our analytical results which validate our theoretical model.
A 2GS/s 3b /spl Delta//spl Sigma/-modulated DAC with a tunable switched-capacitor bandpass DAC mismatch shaper

A 3b /spl Delta//spl Sigma/-modulated mismatch-shaped DAC is presented. The mismatch shaper uses 7 tunable 1.5b switched-capacitor bandpass /spl Delta//spl Sigma/ modulators to dynamically route the digital signals to the DACs. The DAC can generate narrowband signals from 250 to 750MHz with /spl ges/68dB SNR, /spl ges/74dB SFDR, and -80dBc intermodulation distortion.
Title: Optimizing Data Page Placement for Similarity Join in Metric Spaces

In this paper, we address the similarity join problem in metric space. We describe how page locality may be improved by reorganizing disk pages using an algorithm borrowed from numerical methods concerning the reorganization of the rows and columns of matrices to form banded matrices. The model is further exploited as a method to schedule the operations of similarity join for finding all pairs of neighbors in a metric space. Experimental results demonstrate significant performance improvements over the symmetric clustering join algorithm proposed in [15] and the cost-based clustering algorithm presented in [7].
Algorithm that Solves 3-SAT in Polynomial Time

The question of whether the complexity class P is equal to the complexity class NP has been a seemingly intractable problem for over 4 decades. It has been clear that if an algorithm existed that would solve the problems in the NP class in polynomial time then P would equal NP. However, no one has yet been able to create that algorithm or to successfully prove that such an algorithm cannot exist. The algorithm that will be presented in this paper solves the 3-satisfiability or 3-CNF-SAT problem, which has been proven to be NP-complete.
On the Identification of Inference Rules for Automatic Metadata Generation

Learning objects metadata (LOM) facilitate search, evaluation, acquisition, and use of learning objects, which may contain any kind of multimedia information, by learners, instructors or automated software processes. As a result, learning objects reuse is promoted and thus, development cost for new ones is reduced. However, manual indexing of learning resources according to metadata standards is a laborious task. This fact suspends the full usage and reduces the intended advantages of standards, like IEEE LOM. The introduction of automatic metadata generation processes is a developing research field with diverse approaches. In this paper, we present a step-by-step methodology for automatic generation of metadata that exploits relations between the resources to be described. The methodology comprises the execution of consecutive steps of actions aiming at identifying inference rules for automatic generation of a resource’s metadata based on pre-existing metadata of its related resources.
Remote Development and Distance Delivery of Innovative Courses: Challenges and Opportunities

The Rochester Institute of Technology (RIT) offers programs of study at several of RIT's international campuses: Dubrovnik and Zagreb (Croatia), Dubai (United Arab Emirates) and Priatina (Kosovo). At RIT Croatia, some courses are delivered as distance education courses using Polycom, a video conferencing system, supported by other online education tools. Although distance learning methods and tools provide an effective way to offer instructions remotely, delivering a course that emphasizes team-based software development, with laboratory exercises and in-class team activities, creates new challenges that need to be addressed. This paper discusses the authors' experiences with the remote development and delivery of one of those courses - the SWEN-383 Software Design Principles and Patterns course in the Information Technology program at RIT Croatia. The paper first explains the role and need for offering this particular course. It then discusses how the collaborative development of this new course was conducted between the U.S. And the Croatian campuses, including remote delivery from Zagreb to Dubrovnik. The paper concludes with observations and suggestions for those who may engage in such a project in the future.
Generalized analysis of regional fire risk using data visualization of incidents

Fire has been a worldwide disaster, and it is important to analyze regional fire risk for better fire prevention. Regional fire risk can be generally analyzed by using data visualization of fire incidents. A dataset of 20 622 fire incidents in Changsha City of China from 2011 to 2017 was processed and filtered as the origin risk points. Then, a generalized risk model (GRM) was established for calculating fire risk values of anywhere in Changsha. By using JavaScript and HTML5, the generalized fire risk graphics were drawn based on mapping different fire risk values with different colors. For visualizing fire incidents, the inner and outer generalization radiuses of the origin risk point were set to be 1 (110 m) and 10 (1100 m), respectively. It was found that the high and medium fire risk areas were mainly distributed in urban areas and market towns, especially in central city. The spatial distribution characteristics of fire risk of different time ranges and different causes were significantly varied. The results can provide guidance of fire prevention for the fire department in Changsha. Other cities' regional fire risk and even other types of disaster risk can also be generally analyzed using GRM.
Critique of the Schema Concept

A basic concept in most theories in cognitive psychology, as well as in many versions of constructivism, is that of the schema. The questions behind this paper concern the nature of schemata and what role the concept plays in educational theory and practice. It starts with a brief look at the historical development of the concept, from Kant to its use in some modern textbooks of psychology. One argument is that during its history the originally hypothetical character of the concept has been forgotten. It is now more or less taken for granted that schemata exist. But there are logical inconsistencies in applications of the concept and its usefulness within educational theories can be questioned. The concept also lends itself to manipulatory psychological practices, illustrated by the example of a US advertising company. The paper ends with a suggestion that we return to Aristotle and a more phenomenological approach to the questions of learning and knowledge formation.
Facial expression of pain, empathy, evolution, and social learning

The experience of pain appears to be associated, from early infancy and across pain stimuli, with a consistent facial expression in humans. A social function is proposed for this: the communication of pain and the need for help to observers, to whom information about danger is of value, and who may provide help within a kin or cooperative relationship. Some commentators have asserted that the evidence is insufficient to account for the consistency of the face, as judged by technical means or in the perceptions of observers, or that facial expression is epiphenomenal to a gross behavioural defensive response to pain. The major criticism is that it is unnecessary to invoke evolutionary mechanisms beyond the emergence of an unconditioned facial response to pain in neonates, subsequently shaped and maintained by instrumental and social reinforcement throughout life. These criticisms are addressed, acknowledging the need for further data to address some, and elaborating the areas in which evolutionary and operant mechanisms would predict different behavioural interactions, rather than acting synergistically. Several supportive commentaries propose extending evolutionarily-based hypotheses to sex differences, the complexities of others' responses within the social relationship, and the role of empathy. A number of commentators provided valuable suggestions for experimental paradigms or methodological issues. Overall, addressing these issues indicates the need for further conceptual development and for collection of data specifically in relation to these hypotheses.
An Efficient Trojan Horse Classification (ETC)

For the past few years, malware or also known as malicious code is seen as one of the biggest threats of the cyber attacks. It has caused lot of damages, loss of money and productivity to many organizations and end users. Malicious code can be divided into many categories such as viruses, worms and trojan horses. Each of these categories has it owns implications and threats, and trojan horse has been chosen as the domain of this research paper. Prior to the formation of a new trojan horse detection model, an in-depth study and investigation of the existing trojan horse classification is presented in this paper. Surprisingly, not much research related with trojan horse has been done. On 16 th January 2013, Troj/InvoZip has caused chaos by masquerading as an invoice from Europcar and spreading via email. Therefore, in this research paper, a new trojan horse classification called Efficient Trojan Horse Classification (ETC) is developed. This ETC later is used as a basis to build a model to detect trojan horse efficiently. The methods used to develop the ETC are the static and dynamic analyses. As for the dynamic analysis, cuckoo sandbox has been integrated to speed up the analysis and reverse engineering processes.
The association between erectile dysfunction and depressive symptoms in men treated for prostate cancer.

INTRODUCTION The relationship between erectile dysfunction (ED) and depressive symptoms is well established. However, this relationship is not well explored in men with prostate cancer. Limited data suggest men with prostate cancer may experience less ED bother than men with ED who do not have prostate cancer, implying that ED and depressive symptoms may not be associated in men with prostate cancer. AIM To determine if ED is associated with depressive symptoms in men with prostate cancer. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Assessments of quality-of-life (The Functional Assessment of Cancer Therapy [FACT-P]), anxiety/depression (Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale [HADS]), and erectile function. Erectile function was measured with one question from the FACT-P similar to that used by the Massachusetts Male Aging Study. METHODS Men with prostate cancer, and naïve of hormone treatment, completed the study questionnaires at a single time point. RESULTS The average age of the 339 men was 67±10 years. The average time since diagnosis was 3.9±3 years. When answering the question, "I am able to have and maintain an erection" on a 1 to 5 scale (5 representing the best function), the mean score was 2 indicating "a little bit. " On univariate analysis, erectile function and depression were associated, r=-0.12, P<0.05. Other variables associated with depression were marital status, r=0.11, P<0.05; anxiety scores, r=0.56, P<0.01; and social support, r=-0.42, P<0.01. On multivariate analysis, erectile function remained a significant predictor of depression, beta=-0.10, P<0.05. CONCLUSIONS Erectile function was associated with depressive symptoms in both univariate and multivariate analysis, indicating that ED is independently associated with depressive symptoms even though patients were approximately 4 years post diagnosis. These cross-sectional data suggest ED in men with prostate cancer can have lasting psychological effects.
Modulation of Atherosclerotic Lesions by Circulating Cells : The Translational Spectrum

Atherosclerosis: Current Understanding Nowadays, increasing life expectancy, insufficient exercise, and an unhealthy diet foster a disease, which has been accompanying mankind already for a long time. Atherosclerosis, as revealed by computed tomography scanning of mummies from various ancient populations, already eliminated Egyptian pharaohs, but also Hungarian hunters. Despite this long history, it was only 100 years ago that Nikolai Anitschkow introduced the lipid theory after showing that rabbits fed with pure cholesterol established similar lipid-rich structures in arterial vessels like those seen in humans. Notably, in his additional work, he already described hallmarks of atherosclerotic disease pathophysiology like foam cell formation, white blood cell infiltration, and lipid accumulation.
A gendered analysis of community perceptions and attitudes towards green spaces in a Durban Metropolitan residential area: Implications for climate change mitigation

abstract Understanding how people perceive green spaces in their surrounding environments is important for planning of residential areas in a city. Green spaces provide various benefits to communities in the form of recreation, education, relaxation and aesthetic appeal. This Article reports on research on residents' opinions and understanding of green spaces and their access and use of green spaces. It also assesses perceptions regarding climate change and the value of urban green spaces in mitigating against climate change impacts and threats. The importance of urban green spaces in the context of climate change is well documented, specifically to relieve the impacts of increased temperatures and natural disaster events. It also plays a critical role in preserving biodiversity and improving air quality. While several studies focus on residents' perceptions of green spaces, very few (if any) examine differences between men and women. This Article disaggregates results from a resident survey conducted in the South Durban Area (SDA), one of the most environmentally contested locations in South Africa. In total, 200 households residing in close proximity to the Bluff Conservancy were interviewed. Key thematic issues examined include differences in the way in which men and women value and use green spaces, attitudes towards green spaces, the types of green spaces that respondents prefer accessing, knowledge of green spaces and links to climate change. It was found that a greater proportion of men used existing green spaces within their community. Differences in terms of how men and women value and perceive green spaces were also noted. This study concludes that there is a gendered dimension to residential perceptions of the use of green spaces and this should be considered in the formulation of climate change policy and urban planning efforts.
INFINITESIMAL RIGIDITY OF POLYHEDRA WITH VERTICES IN CONVEX POSITION

Let P C R 3 be a polyhedron. It was conjectured that if P is weakly convex (that is, its vertices lie on the boundary of a strictly convex domain) and decomposable (that is, P can be triangulated without adding new vertices), then it is infinitesimally rigid. We prove this conjecture under a weak additional assumption of codecomposability. The proof relies on a result of independent interest about the Hilbert― Einstein function of a triangulated convex polyhedron. We determine the signature of the Hessian of that function with respect to deformations of the interior edges. In particular, if there are no interior vertices, then the Hessian is negative definite.
GPs' views on their role in cancer genetics services and current practice.

BACKGROUND Increasing demand for cancer genetics services has necessitated an urgent review of how these services are organized and, in particular, identification of an effective role for primary care. OBJECTIVES We aimed to assess the views of GPs on their role in cancer genetics services and their confidence in performing that role; to assess their understanding of cancer genetics, current practice and referral behaviour; and to identify needs for information and training to enable GPs to play an effective role in these services. METHOD A cross-sectional questionnaire survey of GPs was conducted through general practices in SE Scotland; 397 (response rate 59.3%) GPs returned a completed questionnaire. Outcome measures were: responders' perceptions of their role in cancer genetics services; confidence within that role; understanding of cancer genetics; current practice regarding patients presenting with concerns about their family history of cancer; and perceived information and training needs. RESULTS GPs identified their role to be: taking a family history; making appropriate referrals to specialist services; providing emotional support; teaching breast self-examination; and discussing need for screening. Lack of confidence within this role was reflected in low levels of understanding of cancer genetics and in inappropriate referral practices. Concerns were expressed about the increasingly specialist role demanded of primary care. A desire for referral guidelines and community genetics clinics was identified. CONCLUSIONS GPs readily identify a role for themselves in cancer genetics services, but admit to a lack of confidence in this area, calling for clear referral guidelines and specialist community support. Current inappropriate referral to specialist services results from a lack of confidence in estimating cancer risk, highlighting the need for the development of clear referral criteria. Given the rapidly increasing demand for cancer genetics services and the vital role of primary care, it is important to identify a model of these services that facilitates effective involvement of GPs without further increasing their workload.
HUMAN CAPITAL: A CRITIQUE

ABSTRACT Human Capital Theory argues that a person’s formal education determines his or her earning power. This article seeks to highlight the discrepancies surrounding the notion that education should be construed as a direct form of investment in one’s financial future. An analysis of the use of quantitative techniques in measuring human capital, particularly the full/ elaborate and the regression methods is presented. The ways in which returns are measured by using the full/elaborate method and regression method are explained and a critical assessment of their applications is discussed. There are several reasons to dispute the nation that one’s education influences earnings. The first is that non-educational factors also influence earnings. Secondly, there are weaknesses in the way ‘benefits’ and ‘costs’ of education in Human Capital research are defined. Thirdly, there is scepticism of the indicators of social benefits claimed to have resulted from investment in education. Fourthly, limitations of data sources generally used in Human Capital research tend to distort reality. And finally, weaknesses are inherent in the way that Human Capital research is conducted due to its nature as an economic research.
Transkranielle Gleichstromstimulation in der Psychiatrie

Zusammenfassung Ziel: Die transkranielle Gleichstromstimulation ist ein nicht invasives Verfahren zur Neuromodulation, das seit etwa zehn Jahren intensiv in der Behandlung von neuropsychia trischen Erkrankungen erforscht wird. Es wird ein Überblick über Einsatz und Entwicklung des Verfahrens bei psychiatrischen Erkrankungen gegeben. Material und Methoden: Eine Literaturrecherche wurde über die Literaturdatenbank des US-amerikanischen National Institute of Mental Health (Pubmed) durchgeführt mit den Stichworten “tDCS” bzw. “transcranial direct current stimulation” und dem jeweiligen gesuchten Krankheitsbild. Ergebnisse: Vor allem in der Behandlung der Depression liegen doppelblinde randomisierte klinische Studien vor, die eine Wirksamkeit der tDCS belegen konnten, wobei diese mit steigender Therapieresistenz abnimmt. In der Behandlung der Schizophrenie liegen wenige Studien zur Verbesserung von klinischer Symptomatik oder Kognition vor. Relativ gut erforscht ist der Einsatz der tDCS bei der Behandlung der Tabakabhängigkeit bezüglich Reduktion des Rauchverlangens, ebenso bei der Alkoholabhängigkeit. Die Modulation des Essverlangens konnte in mehreren Studien nachgewiesen werden. Für die Behandlung der Alzheimer Demenz liegen gemischte Resultate aus Studien vor. Die Behandlung sonstiger psychiatrischer Erkrankungen, ebenso wie die Behandlung psychiatrischer Komorbidität bei neurologischen Erkrankungen, ist meist nur auf Ebene von Fallberichten beschrieben. Schlussfolgerung: Nur für wenige Krankheitsbilder besteht eine ausreichend gute Datenlage, um die tDCS als Zusatztherapie empfehlen zu können. Für eine Zulassung der tDCS als etablierte Therapie sind noch umfassende systematische Untersuchungen bei den meisten psychiatrischen Erkrankungen nötig. Insgesamt gilt die Anwendung als sicher und nebenwirkungsarm, selbst bei intensivierter Anwendung. Dennoch bedarf es weiterer Standardisierung des Verfahrens bezüglich Elektrodenpositionierung, Stromstärke, Dauer und Frequenz der Anwendung sowie Gesamtzahl der Anwendungen.
The Strength of Weak Points

It is argued that the substantial heuristics used by scientists offer the most adequate explanations of theoretical developments in science. In contrast to formal or procedural heuristics (such as generate and test), substantial heuristics are the implications for problem-solving which can be derived from the theoretical principles on the basis of which scientists work (such as conservation notions). They provide directives indicating where to find problems (such as violations of conservation principles) and where to search for solutions. Reconstruction of the substantial heuristics in a particular domain not only leads to a deeper historical understanding, but also enables theoretical psychologists themselves to make a contribution towards theory development. This general thesis is illustrated by references to the work of Freud. To a considerable extent, the birth and growth of psychoanalysis can be understood from Freud's psychological transformation of biomedical heuristics. The focus is on contributions of the traditional aetiological search scheme. This scheme requires the specification of external noxious influences and constitutional weak points. Freud did so, again and again.