Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Simian Immunodeficiency Virus Targeting of CXCR3+ CD4+ T Cells in Secondary Lymphoid Organs Is Associated with Robust CXCL10 Expression in Monocyte/Macrophage Subsets

ABSTRACT Glycosylation of Env defines pathogenic properties of simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV). We previously demonstrated that pathogenic SIVmac239 and a live-attenuated, quintuple deglycosylated Env mutant (Δ5G) virus target CD4+ T cells residing in different tissues during acute infection. SIVmac239 and Δ5G preferentially infected distinct CD4+ T cells in secondary lymphoid organs (SLOs) and within the lamina propria of the small intestine, respectively (C. Sugimoto et al., J Virol 86:9323–9336, 2012, https://doi.org/10.1128/JVI.00948-12 ). Here, we studied the host responses relevant to SIV targeting of CXCR3+ CCR5+ CD4+ T cells in SLOs. Genome-wide transcriptome analyses revealed that Th1-polarized inflammatory responses, defined by expression of CXCR3 chemokines, were distinctly induced in the SIVmac239-infected animals. Consistent with robust expression of CXCL10, CXCR3+ T cells were depleted from blood in the SIVmac239-infected animals. We also discovered that elevation of CXCL10 expression in blood and SLOs was secondary to the induction of CD14+ CD16+ monocytes and MAC387+ macrophages, respectively. Since the significantly higher levels of SIV infection in SLOs occurred with a massive accumulation of infiltrated MAC387+ macrophages, T cells, dendritic cells (DCs), and residential macrophages near high endothelial venules, the results highlight critical roles of innate/inflammatory responses in SIVmac239 infection. Restricted infection in SLOs by Δ5G also suggests that glycosylation of Env modulates innate/inflammatory responses elicited by cells of monocyte/macrophage/DC lineages. IMPORTANCE We previously demonstrated that a pathogenic SIVmac239 virus and a live-attenuated, deglycosylated mutant Δ5G virus infected distinct CD4+ T cell subsets in SLOs and the small intestine, respectively (C. Sugimoto et al., J Virol 86:9323–9336, 2012, https://doi.org/10.1128/JVI.00948-12 ). Accordingly, infections with SIVmac239, but not with Δ5G, deplete CXCR3+ CCR5+ CD4+ T (Th1) cells during the primary infection, thereby compromising the cellular immune response. Thus, we hypothesized that distinct host responses are elicited by the infections with two different viruses. We found that SIVmac239 induced distinctly higher levels of inflammatory Th1 responses than Δ5G. In particular, SIVmac239 infection elicited robust expression of CXCL10, a chemokine for CXCR3+ cells, in CD14+ CD16+ monocytes and MAC387+ macrophages recently infiltrated in SLOs. In contrast, Δ5G infection elicited only modest inflammatory responses. These results suggest that the glycosylation of Env modulates the inflammatory/Th1 responses through the monocyte/macrophage subsets and elicits marked differences in SIV infection and clinical outcomes.
Pulmonary Hypertension and Its Response to Treatment in a Patient with Kyphosis-related Alveolar Hypoventilation

Pulmonary hypertension (PH) with kyphoscoliosis-related alveolar hypoventilation is uncommon, so little is known about the effectiveness of treatments for this condition. A 66-year-old man with kyphosis who had been treated with nocturnal noninvasive positive-pressure ventilation developed PH with a mean pulmonary arterial pressure (PAP) of 32 mmHg and a pulmonary vascular resistance (PVR) of 5.95 Wood units. After addition of oxygen therapy and tadalafil, his condition improved. One year later, his mean PAP and PVR were 25 mmHg and 3.62 Wood units, respectively. This case shows the therapeutic potential of vasoactive medications for alveolar hypoventilation-related PH.
The eukaryotic translation initiation factor eIF4E harnesses hyaluronan production to drive its malignant activity

The microenvironment provides a functional substratum supporting tumour growth. Hyaluronan (HA) is a major component of this structure. While the role of HA in malignancy is well-defined, the mechanisms driving its biosynthesis in cancer are poorly understood. We show that the eukaryotic translation initiation factor eIF4E, an oncoprotein, drives HA biosynthesis. eIF4E stimulates production of enzymes that synthesize the building blocks of HA, UDP-Glucuronic acid and UDP-N-Acetyl-Glucosamine, as well as hyaluronic acid synthase which forms the disaccharide chain. Strikingly, eIF4E inhibition alone repressed HA levels as effectively as directly targeting HA with hyaluronidase. Unusually, HA was retained on the surface of high-eIF4E cells, rather than being extruded into the extracellular space. Surface-associated HA was required for eIF4E’s oncogenic activities suggesting that eIF4E potentiates an oncogenic HA program. These studies provide unique insights into the mechanisms driving HA production and demonstrate that an oncoprotein can co-opt HA biosynthesis to drive malignancy.
Association of Serum Phosphorus Concentration with Mortality and Graft Failure among Kidney Transplant Recipients.

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES Hyperphosphatemia in kidney transplant recipients has been shown to predict poorer graft and patient survival. However, studies examining hypophosphatemia are scarce. DESIGN, SETTING, PARTICIPANTS, & MEASUREMENTS To evaluate the association of serum phosphorus level with patient and graft survival, we performed a retrospective multicenter cohort study. Between January of 1997 and August of 2012, 2786 kidney transplant recipients (41.7±11.4 years; 59.3% men; 73.5% living donors; 26.1% with diabetes; 3.8% with prior history of cardiovascular disease) were classified into seven groups according to serum phosphorus levels 1 year after transplantation, with intervals of 0.5 mg/dl (lowest group, <2.5 mg/dl; highest group, ≥5.0 mg/dl; reference group, 3.5-3.99 mg/dl). Survival analysis was performed by defining baseline time point as 1 year after transplantation. RESULTS During median follow-up of 78.5 months, 60 patient deaths and 194 cases of graft loss occurred. In multivariate analysis, both lowest and highest serum phosphorus groups were associated with higher mortality, compared with the reference group (hazard ratio [HR], 4.82; 95% confidence interval [95% CI], 1.36 to 17.02; P=0.01; and HR, 4.24; 95% CI, 1.07 to 16.84; P=0.04, respectively). Higher death-censored graft loss was observed in the lowest and highest groups (HR, 3.32; 95% CI, 1.42 to 7.79; P=0.01; and HR, 2.93; 95% CI, 1.32 to 6.49; P=0.01, respectively), despite eGFR exhibiting no difference between the lowest group and reference group (65.4±19.3 versus 61.9±16.7 ml/min per 1.73 m2; P=0.33). Moreover, serum phosphorus showed a U-shape association with patient mortality and graft failure in restricted cubic spline curve analysis. CONCLUSIONS Serum phosphorus level 1 year after transplantation exhibits a U-shape association with death-censored graft failure and patient mortality in kidney transplant patients characterized by relatively high rate of living donor transplant and low incidence of diabetes and prior cardiovascular disease compared with Western countries.
Experimental Analysis of Fly Ash & Coir Fiber Mix Cement Concrete for Rigid Pavement

In India Thermal power plants which use pounded coal as a fuel, generates million tones of fly ash every year as a waste. Conservative clearance of this material which gets easily air-borne and constitutes a serious health hazards to the community, is an expensive operation. A part from this compacted fly ash can be used in embankments, road sub-bases and also for structural fills. The major drawbacks of such materials are their limited load carrying capacity and poor settlement characteristics. The concert of such materials can substantially be improved by introducing reinforcing element in the direction of improving its compressive and flexural strength for superior durability. Use of natural materials such as Jute, coir and bamboo, as reinforcing materials to fly ash are very cheap and they are locally available in huge quantity, of all the natural fibers, coir has the greatest tearing strength and it retains this property even in wet conditions. In this framework a composite with fly ash, conventional concrete and treated coconut fibers, available in plenty in rural areas of India have been investigated. These composites can be a good proposition and with this, experimental investigation to study the effects of replacement of cement (by volume) with different percentages of fly ash and the effects of addition of processed natural coconut fiber on flexural strength, compressive strength, splitting tensile strength and modulus of elasticity was taken up. AS per IRC, A Design mix proportion was designed for the normally popular M30 concrete for pavement construction in India. In this, Cement was replaced with percentages (10, 20, 30 and 40%) of Class C fly ash and of coconut fibers (0.50 and 1.0 %) having 40 mm length were used. Test results show that the replacement of 43 grades ordinary Portland cement with fly ash showed an increase in compressive strength and flexural strength for the chosen mix proportion.
Female Athlete Triad

Menstrual dysfunction is very common in female athletes, with close to 40–60% of freshman college athletes giving a history of menstrual irregularity. Pathogenic eating behavior is also very common in female athletes, and these numbers appear to be on the rise. Both of these disturbances have established morbidity, and eating disorders have a mortality rate as high as 18%. Both anorexia and amenorrhea have also been associated with decreased bone mineral density. For the young athlete, low bone mineral density may put them at increased risk for stress fractures. There may also be a long-term risk for premature osteoporosis. Disordered eating, menstrual dysfunction, and osteoporosis have become known together as the “female athlete triad. ” This discussion will discuss these clinical entities, and methods to recognize and treat them. If these abnormalities are sought out and education is provided to the young female athlete, the hope is that these entities can be detected early on and the complications of the triad can be prevented.
Working Memory Training in ADHD: Controlling for Engagement, Motivation, and Expectancy of Improvement (Pilot Study)

Objective: The aim of this study was to evaluate whether a shortened-length session of CogMed Working Memory Training (CWMT) would be a suitable active control group and evaluate study protocol to aid in design refinements for a larger randomized controlled trial (RCT). Method: Thirty-eight post-secondary students diagnosed with ADHD were randomized into 25 sessions of standard (45 min/session) or shortened (15 min/session) CWMT, or into a waitlist control group. Results: There was no significant difference in completion rate or training index score between the standard- and shortened-length groups indicating that both groups showed improvement and put forth good effort during training. Conclusion: Preliminary findings suggest that shorter training sessions may induce similar levels of engagement, motivation, and expectancy of improvement in participants. We conclude that a larger scale RCT that utilizes shortened-length training as an active control group is warranted, but that a few modifications to the study protocol will be required.
Effectiveness of acarbose in treating elderly patients with diabetes with postprandial hypotension

Postprandial hypotension (PPH) is a common condition that occurs primarily in elderly patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). This study aimed to assess the effectiveness of acarbose for PPH; it also investigated possible mechanisms behind PPH development. This single-blind, randomized controlled trial included 91 elderly patients with T2DM, aged between 60 and 80 years, who were inpatients at Beijing Hospital between March 2012 and November 2014. The patients were included into one of three groups: Group A, patients with T2DM without PPH; Group B, patients with T2DM with PPH receiving placebo; and Group C, patients with T2DM with PPH receiving acarbose. After an overnight fast, patients received a single dose of acarbose (100 mg) or placebo and then consumed a standardized 450 kcal meal. Blood pressure, glucose levels, heart rate (HR), and catecholamine levels were evaluated. Acarbose ameliorated PPH as determined by significant improvements in the duration and maximal fall in blood pressure (both p<0.001); however, no differences in HR and blood glucose levels were observed. In patients with PPH, blood pressure was correlated with blood glucose and HR variability values (p<0.05). Correlations between epinephrine and glucagon-like peptide-1 with blood pressure in groups A and C were largely lost in group B. Acarbose reduced postprandial blood pressure fluctuations in elderly patients with diabetes. PPH may be related to impaired autonomic nervous system function, reduced catecholamine secretion, and postprandial fluctuations in blood glucose levels. Trial registration number Chinese Clinical Trial Registry ChiCTR-IPR-15006177.
Polyethylene Terephthalate (Pete) And High Density Polyethylene (Hdpe) Mixture To Fuel Production

nd Floor), Stamford, CT-06902, USA Abstract: - High density polyethylene (HDPE) and polyethylene terephthalate (PETE) mixture to fuel production process was performed with Ferric Oxide (Fe2O3) and activated carbon. HDPE waste plastic was use 75 gm, PETE was use 25 gm, activated carbon was use 5 gm as a 5% and Ferric Oxide was use 2 gm as a 1%. PETE and HDPE waste plastics mixture to fuel production process temperature was use 420 oC and reactor was use Pyrex glass reactor. Total waste plastics sample was 100 gm and 100 gm of waste plastic mixture to fuel was collected 50.1 gm. PETE and HDPE waste plastic mixture to fuel density is 0.76 gm/ml. Liquid fuel was analysis by FT-IR, GC/MS and DSC for fuel functional group, compounds structure and enthalpy value determination. Product fuel is ignited and fuel can use an internal combustion engine.
Correcting for motion artifact in handheld laser speckle images

Abstract. Laser speckle imaging (LSI) is a wide-field optical technique that enables superficial blood flow quantification. LSI is normally performed in a mounted configuration to decrease the likelihood of motion artifact. However, mounted LSI systems are cumbersome and difficult to transport quickly in a clinical setting for which portability is essential in providing bedside patient care. To address this issue, we created a handheld LSI device using scientific grade components. To account for motion artifact of the LSI device used in a handheld setup, we incorporated a fiducial marker (FM) into our imaging protocol and determined the difference between highest and lowest speckle contrast values for the FM within each data set (Kbest and Kworst). The difference between Kbest and Kworst in mounted and handheld setups was 8% and 52%, respectively, thereby reinforcing the need for motion artifact quantification. When using a threshold FM speckle contrast value (KFM) to identify a subset of images with an acceptable level of motion artifact, mounted and handheld LSI measurements of speckle contrast of a flow region (KFLOW) in in vitro flow phantom experiments differed by 8%. Without the use of the FM, mounted and handheld KFLOW values differed by 20%. To further validate our handheld LSI device, we compared mounted and handheld data from an in vivo porcine burn model of superficial and full thickness burns. The speckle contrast within the burn region (KBURN) of the mounted and handheld LSI data differed by <4 % when accounting for motion artifact using the FM, which is less than the speckle contrast difference between superficial and full thickness burns. Collectively, our results suggest the potential of handheld LSI with an FM as a suitable alternative to mounted LSI, especially in challenging clinical settings with space limitations such as the intensive care unit.
Behavior Risk Factors Among Russian Students

Purpose To analyze the prevalence of risk factors among Russian students. Methods In this study, 834 students were included from five Federal universities which were localized in four Federal regions of Russian Federation. Future doctors, school teachers, and wellness trainers were included in this study. Students were specifically asked about smoking, physical activity International Physical Activity Questionnaire (IPAQ), and food preference. Waist, hip, weight, and height were measured. Results The region of study and ethnic group were not influenced with respect to age and body mass index (p > .1), while all other factors had a significant influence (p < .05). High levels of smoking, hypodynamia, and motivation to intake of unhealthy food were found in medical students in comparison with those in future teachers and wellness instructors (p < .05). The indicators of central obesity (due to levels of body mass index and waist–hip ratio) were found in medical students. Perspective Special programs to prevent the most common behavior risk factors in future medical doctors have to be designed.
Larger temperature response of autumn leaf senescence than spring leaf‐out phenology

Climate warming is substantially shifting the leaf phenological events of plants, and thereby impacting on their individual fitness and also on the structure and functioning of ecosystems. Previous studies have largely focused on the climate impact on spring phenology, and to date the processes underlying leaf senescence and their associated environmental drivers remain poorly understood. In this study, experiments with temperature gradients imposed during the summer and autumn were conducted on saplings of European beech to explore the temperature responses of leaf senescence. An additional warming experiment during winter enabled us to assess the differences in temperature responses of spring leaf‐out and autumn leaf senescence. We found that warming significantly delayed the dates of leaf senescence both during summer and autumn warming, with similar temperature sensitivities (6–8 days delay per °C warming), suggesting that, in the absence of water and nutrient limitation, temperature may be a dominant factor controlling the leaf senescence in European beech. Interestingly, we found a significantly larger temperature response of autumn leaf senescence than of spring leaf‐out. This suggests a possible larger contribution of delays in autumn senescence, than of the advancement in spring leaf‐out, to extending the growing season under future warmer conditions.
Molecular Pathogenesis of Genetic and Inherited Diseases Obesity and Hepatosteatosis in Mice with Enhanced Oxidative DNA Damage Processing in Mitochondria

Haihong Zhang,* Chenghui Xie,* Horace J. Spencer, Chunlai Zuo,* Masahiro Higuchi, Gouri Ranganathan, Philip A. Kern, Ming W. Chou, Qin Huang,** Bartosz Szczesny, Sankar Mitra, Amanda J. Watson, Geoffrey P. Margison, and Chun-Yang Fan* From the Departments of Pathology,* Biostatistics, Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, and Internal Medicine, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, Arkansas; the Division of Endocrinology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky; the Division of Biochemical Toxicology, National Center for Toxicological Research, Jefferson, Arkansas; the Department of Pathology, City of Hope National Medical Center, Duarte, California; the Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas; the Cancer Research-UK Carcinogenesis Group, Paterson Institute for Cancer Research, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom; and the Department of Pathology, Central Arkansas Veterans Healthcare System, Little Rock, Arkansas
The effect of in-process cooling conditions on temperature, force, wear resistance, microstructural, and mechanical properties of friction stir processed A356

This paper focused on the effect of in-process cooling conditions (coolants and flow rate) on the temperature history, the tool applied forces, wear resistance, mechanical, and microstructural properties of friction stir processing (FSP) of Al–Si aluminum alloy. FSP was carried out using different compressed air and water coolants with different flow rates. The FSP tool force was measured experimentally using an especially designed load measuring system. Optical microscopy was used to probe the microstructures of the FSPed samples. The results showed that the Si particles size significantly decreases with increasing in-process cooling rate. Mechanical properties of each FSPed sample were also determined using hardness tests. Finally wear tests were conducted using a pin-on-disk tribometer.
Assessment of an organ‐based tube current modulation in thoracic computed tomography

Recently, specific computed tomography (CT) scanners have been equipped with organ‐based tube current modulation (TCM) technology. It is possible that organ‐based TCM will replace the conventional dose‐reduction technique of reducing the effective milliampere‐second. The aim of this study was to determine if organ‐based TCM could reduce radiation exposure to the breasts without compromising the image uniformity and beam hardening effect in thoracic CT examinations. Breast and skin radiation doses and the absorbed radiation dose distribution within a single section were measured with an anthropomorphic phantom and radiophotoluminescent glass dosimeters using four approaches to thoracic CT (reference, organ‐based TCM, copper shielding, and the combination of the above two techniques, hereafter referred to as the combination technique). The CT value and noise level were measured using the same calibration phantom. Organ‐based TCM and copper shielding reduced radiation doses to the breast by 23.7% and 21.8%, respectively. However, the CT value increased, especially in the anterior region, using copper shielding. In contrast, the CT value and noise level barely increased using organ‐based TCM. The combination technique reduced the radiation dose to the breast by 38.2%, but greatly increased the absorbed radiation dose from the central to the posterior regions. Moreover, the CT value increased in the anterior region and the noise level increased by more than 10% in the entire region. Therefore, organ‐based TCM can reduce radiation doses to breasts with only small increases in noise levels, making it preferable for specific groups of patients, such as children and young women. PACS numbers: 87.53. Bn; 87.57. Q‐; 87.57. qp
Gemcitabine, dexamethasone, and cisplatin (GDP) is an effective and well-tolerated salvage therapy for relapsed/refractory diffuse large B-cell lymphoma and Hodgkin lymphoma

Abstract The optimal choice of salvage therapy for patients with relapsed/refractory diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) or Hodgkin lymphoma (HL) remains unknown. Based on promising results of phase II trials, the preferred salvage regimen in British Columbia since 2002 has been the out-patient regimen, gemcitabine, dexamethasone, and cisplatin (GDP). We conducted a retrospective analysis including all patients with relapsed/refractory DLBCL or HL who received GDP as salvage therapy between September 2002 and June 2010. We identified 235 patients: 152 DLBCL, 83 HL. Overall response rates were 49% and 71% for patients with DLBCL and HL, respectively. Within the transplant-eligible population, 52% of patients with DLBCL and 96% of patients with HL proceeded to stem cell transplantation. The 2-year progression-free survival and overall survival were 21% and 28% in the DLBCL cohort, and 58% and 85% in the HL group. GDP is an effective and well-tolerated out-patient salvage regimen for relapsed/refractory DLBCL and HL.