Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Benchmarking of Lower Hybrid Current Drive Codes with Applications to ITER-Relevant Regimes

This paper discusses the results of a benchmark exercise in which the predictions of several simulation models for lower hybrid current drive (LHCD) were compared using parameters typical of the steady state operating scenario in the ITER device (the so-called Scenario 4). The most complete LHCD simulation models that were used combined 2D velocity space Fokker Planck solvers with toroidal ray tracing packages. These models also predicted the highest LHCD efficiencies with 2.0 – 2.6 MA of driven current for 30 MW of coupled LHRF power. Codes that solved the Fokker Planck equation using a Green’s function approach and then computed the driven LH current using a wave induced RF flux based on 1D parallel velocity damping along ray trajectories were found to predict LH currents 35-40% lower than the 2D Fokker Planck models. We also used an orbit-following Monte Carlo code to study the possible parasitic damping of LH waves on fusion generated alpha particles. The effect of magnetic field ripple and fast ion anomalous transport on the alpha population was considered. It was found that for a large anomalous diffusion coefficient (1m/s), the absorption on fusion alphas can be as high as 7.7% using a LHRF source frequency of 3.7 GHz. This result gives some confidence in the source frequency choice of 5.0 GHz in order to minimize the possibility of this parasitic interaction.
How to Exploit Marker Orientation for SIFT Image Matching

In computer vision, it is very important to obtain reliable corresponding feature points. However, it is not easy to locate the corresponding feature points exactly considering scaling, lighting, viewpoints, etc. Lots of SIFT methods apply the invariant to image scale and rotation and change in illumination, which is due to the feature vector extracted from the corners or edges of the object. However, The SIFT method cannot find feature points easily when the brightness value of the area is similar since we extract feature points along the edges. In addition, this algorithm determined correspondences by vector difference between local descriptors. In this paper, we propose a marker design and a placement way for improving the performance regarding the detection and matching of feature points. The shape of the markers used in the proposed method is formed in a semicircle in order to detect the predominant direction vector by the standard SIFT algorithm depending on the direction of placement regarding the marker. Also, we propose a key point matched way, which is a combination of each features predominant orientation and nearest neighbor. We examined the features for point detection and correspondence matching. The experimental results demonstrated that the proposed method is more accurate and effective compared to the current method.
Aspects of Confinement in Low Dimensions

We briefly review some examples of confinement which arise in condensed matter physics. We focus on two instructive cases: the off-critical Ising model in a magnetic field, and an array of weakly coupled (extended) Hubbard chains in the Wigner crystal phase. In the appropriate regime, the elementary excitations in these 1+1 and quasi-one-dimensional systems are confined into `mesons'. Although the models are generically non-integrable, quantum mechanics and form factor techniques yield valuable information.
Advancing ? : An Analysis of Fifteen Years of Framing Research

i Dedication ii Acknowledgements iii List of Tables vii List of Figures viii Framing 1 How We Ought to Study Framing 5 Scheufele’s Model 14 Borah’s Contributions 16 Beyond Borah: Accounting for Power Relationships 19 Operationalizations 23 Methodology 38 Results 44 Discussion 49 Limitations 60 References 63
Cluster Programming with Shared Memory on Disk

The advent of high-performance workstation clusters with matching highperformance network interconnects offers the opportunity to compute in new ways. Cluster implementations of our hydrodynamics code typically have left domain decomposed independent data contexts in each cluster member’s memory, sending only an updated “halo” of domain boundary information to neighboring nodes. On these new network & processor balanced clusters, we have enough separation between data production and reuse to completely overlap the read or write of two complete contexts to remote node disk with the update of a third context. Any node may update any context, resulting in a simple coarse-grained load balancing capability. In addition to essentially continuous check pointing on local node disk, we may stop and restart a computation on any subset of the cluster, or run “out of core”, solving problems larger than would fit in even the whole cluster’s memory. Our hydrodynamics application is based on a small Fortran or C callable library implementing asynchronous remote I/O, transparently reading and writing named data objects residing anywhere on the cluster. In addition, library routines are supplied to simplify master/worker task queue management. To the application programmer, the library offers the basic interlock-free read/write capabilities of a shared file system without giving up the performance provided by a high-speed network interconnect.
Virtual endocranial cast of earliest Eocene Diacodexis (Artiodactyla, Mammalia) and morphological diversity of early artiodactyl brains

The study of brain evolution, particularly that of the neocortex, is of primary interest because it directly relates to how behavioural variations arose both between and within mammalian groups. Artiodactyla is one of the most diverse mammalian clades. However, the first 10 Myr of their brain evolution has remained undocumented so far. Here, we used high-resolution X-ray computed tomography to investigate the endocranial cast of Diacodexis ilicis of earliest Eocene age. Its virtual reconstruction provides unprecedented access to both metric parameters and fine anatomy of the most complete endocast of the earliest artiodactyl. This picture is assessed in a broad comparative context by reconstructing endocasts of 14 other Early and Middle Eocene representatives of basal artiodactyls, allowing the tracking of the neocortical structure of artiodactyls back to its simplest pattern. We show that the earliest artiodactyls share a simple neocortical pattern, so far never observed in other ungulates, with an almond-shaped gyrus instead of parallel sulci as previously hypothesized. Our results demonstrate that artiodactyls experienced a tardy pulse of encephalization during the Late Neogene, well after the onset of cortical complexity increase. Comparisons with Eocene perissodactyls show that the latter reached a high level of cortical complexity earlier than the artiodactyls.
Pixel Behaviour Metrics for Dynamic Background Modelling with the Projected Difference Pattern Method

This paper presents a new algorithm for modelling the behaviour of dynamic video. The PDP (Projected Difference Pattern) is designed to perform simple spatiotemporal processing with a strong focus on efficiency of real-time implementation. In its simplest implementation, the algorithm is shown to be suitable for generating dynamic background models, motion characterisation, and motion detection. Sample analyses of test video are presented to support this work.
Inducible nitric oxide synthase contributes to ventilator-induced lung injury.

RATIONALE Inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) has been implicated in the development of acute lung injury. Recent studies indicate a role for mechanical stress in iNOS and endothelial NOS (eNOS) regulation. OBJECTIVES This study investigated changes in lung NOS expression and activity in a mouse model of ventilator-induced lung injury. METHODS C57BL/6J (wild-type [WT]) and iNOS-deficient (iNOS(-/-)) mice received spontaneous ventilation (control) or mechanical ventilation (MV; VT of 7 and 20 ml/kg) for 2 hours, after which NOS gene expression and activity were determined and pulmonary capillary leakage assessed by the Evans blue albumin assay. RESULTS iNOS mRNA and protein expression was absent in iNOS(-/-) mice, minimal in WT control mice, but significantly upregulated in response to 2 hours of MV. In contrast, eNOS protein was decreased in WT mice, and nonsignificantly increased in iNOS(-/-) mice, as compared with control animals. iNOS and eNOS activities followed similar patterns in WT and iNOS(-/-) mice. MV caused acute lung injury as suggested by cell infiltration and nitrotyrosine accumulation in the lung, and a significant increase in bronchoalveolar lavage cell count in WT mice, findings that were reduced in iNOS(-/-) mice. Finally, Evans blue albumin accumulation in lungs of WT mice was significant (50 vs. 15% increase in iNOS(-/-) mice compared with control animals) in response to MV and was prevented by treatment of the animals with the iNOS inhibitor aminoguanidine. CONCLUSION Taken together, our results indicate that iNOS gene expression and activity are significantly upregulated and contribute to lung edema in ventilator-induced lung injury.
Inferring the Detection Logic and Evaluating the Effectiveness of Android Anti-Virus Apps

Malware on Android has been reported to be on the rise. There are many anti-virus (AV) apps available on Android. However, most AVs are presented as black-boxes without details given about their workings. In this paper, we propose to determine the key elements used by the AVs, which we call inferring the AV detection logic, through a black-box testing methodology. We perform a large scale experiment on 57 Android AVs using 2000 malware variants to evaluate whether the detection logic can be found and whether the AVs can detect the malware. Our experiments show that a majority of AVs detect malware using simple static features. Such features can be easily obfuscated by renaming or encrypting strings and data, which can make it easy to evade some AVs. We also observe trends showing that AVs use common features to detect malware across all families.
Agile development as a change management approach in software projects: Applied case study

Although a large amount of research has been carried out so far to study the impacts of agile methods in various phases of software engineering, only very few of these have yielded empirical evidence in the form of products being used in real life environment. Very few of these studies have been dedicated to study change management while adopting agile methods. In this paper, it has been argued that that agile software development, with its practices for user involvement and product visibility, can be used as a change management approach in most small to medium scale projects. As an illustration of the theoretical findings, the application of agile methods in managing change in two projects as Saudi Electronic University has been described. The results and findings clearly corroborate our findings and explain why agile methods should be practiced more often with for projects which need specific emphasis on change management.
Ontology-Based Topic Extraction Service from Weblogs

Consumer Generated Media (CGM) has a significant impact on on companies' product marketing strategies. This paper illustrates development of opinion analysis service for marketing research, WOM Scouter. Then we present an algorithm of associated topic extraction, which is one of main features in WOM Scouter. Associated topic extraction finds out competitive products from blog entries commenting on a specified product. The main feature is to apply product ontology in addition to natural language processing. By looking up a term on product ontology, the product domain is identified in blog entries, and general nouns are excluded. Another feature is to evaluate an importance of each product by means of two kinds of smoothing functions based on link popularity and document frequency. The experimental evaluation shows that the proposed algorithm is closer to blog readers' impression than TF-IDF.
Multibit Retention Registers for Power Gated Designs: Concept, Design, and Deployment

Retention registers have been widely used in power gated designs to store data during sleep mode. However, their excessive area and leakage power render it imperative to minimize the total retention storage size. The current industry practice replaces all registers with singlebit retention ones, which significantly limits the design freedom and yields suboptimal designs. Toward this, for the first time in the literature, we propose the concept and the design of multibit retention registers, with which only selected registers need to be replaced. The technique can significantly reduce the number of bits that need to be stored and thus the leakage power, but needs several clock cycles for mode transition. In addition, an efficient assignment algorithm is developed to minimize the total retention storage size subject to mode transition latency constraint. Experimental results show that our framework on average can reduce the leakage power in sleep mode by 84% along with additional mode transition latency of 6 to 11 clock cycles, compared with the singlebit retention register-based design.
THE STEADY STATE GROWTH RATE IN THE NEOCLASSICAL THEORY: A BRIEF SURVEY

The so-called ‘marginalist revolution’ took place around the decade of the 70s of the 19th century. It produced a theory of the level and distribution of output based on the endowments of production factors, technology and consumer preferences. In such a theory, economic growth had to be conceived as the result of the increase in the endowments of factors. Early marginalist analyses of economic growth were developed by Alfred Marshall, Gustav Cassel and Knut Wicksell. We, however, start our survey from Robert Solow’s (1956, 1957) formulation of the neoclassical growth model because it later became the basic point of reference for any discussion on neoclassical exogenous and endogenous growth. In his 1987 Nobel Prize lecture, Robert Solow (1988) reconstructed the development of his research program on growth theory. He recalled how his work started by analyzing the Keynesian growth models by Roy Harrod (1939) and Evsey Domar (1946), and by attempting to solve their critical points. These economists had found that the economy could develop along a balanced growth path, provided that its productive capacity is utilized normally and the existing labour force is fully employed. First, these conditions require that investment (I) is equal to savings (S), the latter being a proportion of the level of output corresponding to normal capacity utilization. This gives us: I=sY*
Un cuarto propio conectado. Feminismo y creación desde la esfera público-privada online / A connected room of one´s own: Feminism and creation from the online public-private sphere

Resumen Apoyandose en la reapropiacion critica de la obra de Virginia Wolf Un cuarto propio (Woolf, 1929) y contextualizando dicho escenario en la actual Cultura-Red, este articulo se pregunta por la vigencia feminista y la redefinicion de los espacios de concentracion y privacidad, convertidos en nodos de relacion y trabajo inmaterial en una sociedad conectada. Bajo la hipotesis de que dicho espacio en red conforma un nuevo escenario publico-privado para la reflexion ciberfeminista, este trabajo se propone indagar en las condiciones y posibilidades de emancipacion y construccion subjetiva en el hogar conectado. Pretende, ademas, reflexionar sobre las consecuencias de la redefinicion de las esferas productivas, derivadas de las nuevas formas de produccion, prosumicion y trabajo online. Palabras clave: Cuarto propio, Ciberfeminismo, Internet, esferas publica y privada, trabajo online, subjetividad, concentracion, imaginario, espacio domestico, creacion, prosumicion, do it yourself, tiempo propio. Abstract Based on the critical reappropiation of «A room of one’s own» (Virginia Woolf, 1929) and setting this work into the actual Net Culture, this paper is about the feminist validity and the redefinition of the spaces of concentration and privacy, converted in nodes of relation and immaterial labor in an online society. According to the hypothesis that this online space makes up a new public-private stage to cyberfeminist reflection, this work want to ask about the conditions and possibilities for emancipation and subjective construction in the online home. Besides that, this paper try to reflect about the consequences of the redefinition of the productive realms, that derive from the new forms of online labor, production and prosumption. Keywords: A room of one’s own, Cyberfeminism, Internet, public and private realms, online labor, subjetivity, concentration, imaginary, domestic space, creation, prosumption, do it yourself, time of one’s own.
Robust multi-modal watermarking using visually encrypted watermark

The paper presents a robust and secure multi-modal strategy for watermarking of the digital images. In this approach, the image is divided into blocks. The blocks are first permuted according to a pseudorandom key. All the blocks of the original image are statistically analyzed and the watermark is embedded into only those blocks in which the standard deviation of the image pixel intensities is greater than a predefined threshold. Leaving some of the blocks un-watermarked decreases chances of blind detection by the attacker due to probability of false detection from the non-watermarked blocks. The watermark is embedded in the blocks using randomly selected transformation strategies using any of the three transforms, viz. Discrete Cosine Transform, Discrete Fourier Transform, and Discrete Wavelet Transform. Each block is independently watermarked with one unique share of original watermark generated through threshold visual cryptography method. Encrypting the watermark before embedding makes the watermark detection and removal very difficult making it secure. Experimental results depict the robustness of the algorithm against prevalent image processing attacks like rotation, scaling, compression, noise addition and filtering, etc.
Effects of Treatment for Depression on Fatigue in Multiple Sclerosis

Objective: There has long been a belief that depression contributes to fatigue in multiple sclerosis (MS) although supporting data are minimal at best. Clinical guidelines for the treatment of fatigue include recommendations for the treatment of depression in the absence of clear empirical support. The goal of this study was to examine the effects of treatment for depression on fatigue in MS. Methods: Sixty patients with a relapsing form of MS and moderate to severe depression were randomly assigned to one of three validated 16‐week treatments for depression: individual cognitive behavioral therapy, group psychotherapy, or sertraline. Assessments at baseline and treatment cessation included the primary outcome measure, fatigue assessment instrument (FAI), and Beck depression inventory (BDI). Results: The total FAI and the global fatigue severity subscale were significantly reduced over the course of treatment (p values <.02). Other subscales did not change significantly. Secondary analyses showed change in global fatigue severity was associated with change in BDI (p = .03) but change in total FAI was only marginally related to change in BDI (p = .05). These relationships were due entirely to change in mood (p values <.02) and not to change in cognitive or vegetative symptoms (p values >.17). Conclusions: These findings suggest that treatment for depression is associated with reductions in the severity of fatigue symptoms, and that this relationship is due primarily to treatment related changes in mood.
A G ] 2 F eb 2 00 1 Descendant invariants and characteristic numbers

On a stack of stable maps, the psi classes are modified by subtracting certain boundary divisors. These modified psi classes are compatible with forgetful morphisms, and are well-suited to enumerative geometry: tangency conditions allow simple expressions in terms of modified psi classes. Topological recursion relations are established among their top products in genus zero, yielding effective recursions for characteristic numbers of rational curves in any projective homogeneous variety. In higher genus, the obtained numbers are only virtual, due to contributions from spurious components of the space of maps. For the projective plane, the necessary corrections are determined in genus 1 and 2 to give the characteristic numbers in these cases.
Outsource Photo Sharing and Searching for Mobile Devices With Privacy Protection

With the proliferation of mobile devices, cloud-based photo sharing and searching services are becoming common due to the mobile devices' resource constrains. Meanwhile, there is also increasing concern about privacy in photos. In this work, we present a framework \ourprotocolNSP, which enables cloud servers to provide privacy-preserving photo sharing and search as a service to mobile device users. Privacy-seeking users can share their photos via our framework to allow only their authorized friends to browse and search their photos using resource-bounded mobile devices. This is achieved by our carefully designed architecture and novel outsourced privacy-preserving computation protocols, through which no information about the outsourced photos or even the search contents (including the results) would be revealed to the cloud servers. Our framework is compatible with most of the existing image search technologies, and it requires few changes to the existing cloud systems. The evaluation of our prototype system with 31,772 real-life images shows the communication and computation efficiency of our system.
Pacing in judo: analysis of international-level competitions with different durations

ABSTRACT The objective of the present study was to analyse pacing in judo matches, considering differences related to match duration, sex and weight category. Time-motion measures of 1960 judo matches from the 2017 Judo World Tour (World Championship, World Masters, Grand Slam, and Grand Prix) were analysed. The sum of high-intensity actions (attack, feints, grip dispute and groundwork combat) were divided by low-intensity actions (pause and displacement without contact) to estimate the pacing of judo combat. Matches lasting 1-min, 2-min, 3-min, 4-min and extra-time were analysed. Comparisons between sex, weight category and match durations were conducted using three-way ANOVA, followed by Tukey test. The effect size was calculated using Cohen’s d. The high-intensity to low-intensity effort ratio was higher in 1-min matches compared to all other durations, and was lower in extra-time matches compared to 2- and 3-min matches. Furthermore, in 1-min matches, the high-intensity to low-intensity effort ratio was higher in female compared to male matches, and higher in heavier compared to lighter categories. In conclusion, 1-min judo matches are more intense than longer ones; in 1-min judo matches, females compete at a higher intensity compared to males, and heavier athletes compete at higher pace compared to lighter ones.