Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
LMC X-3 May Be a Relic of a GRB Similar to Cosmological GRBs

The present scenario for high-luminosity long gamma-ray bursts is strongly influenced by the paper of Fruchter and coworkers. Whereas the main contention of this paper that these GRBs occur in low-metallicity irregular galaxies is based on a considerable collection of observational results and although the main thesis is doubtless correct, the paper does not explain the dynamics that produces such GRBs and much of the discussion not directly concerning the main thesis is incorrect. We propose a dynamics and elucidate how the Fruchter et al. results may be tested, in our neighborhood in the LMC, suggesting that LMC X-3 is a relic of a high-luminosity explosion, probably accompanied by a GRB and hypernova explosion. The way to test our suggestion is to measure the system velocity of the present black hole. We correct errors of the Fruchter et al. paper in stellar evolution, so that the study of GRBs is consistent with it. We show that the subluminous GRB 060218 had a low-mass black hole as central engine.
Experimental Evidence of the Tonic Vibration Reflex during Whole-Body Vibration of the Loaded and Unloaded Leg

Increased muscle activation during whole-body vibration (WBV) is mainly ascribed to a complex spinal and supraspinal neurophysiological mechanism termed the tonic vibration reflex (TVR). However, TVR has not been experimentally demonstrated during low-frequency WBV, therefore this investigation aimed to determine the expression of TVR during WBV. Whilst seated, eight healthy males were exposed to either vertical WBV applied to the leg via the plantar-surface of the foot, or Achilles tendon vibration (ATV) at 25Hz and 50Hzfor 70s. Ankle plantar-flexion force, tri-axial accelerations at the shank and vibration source, and surface EMG activity of m. soleus (SOL) and m. tibialis anterior (TA) were recorded from the unloaded and passively loaded leg to simulate body mass supported during standing. Plantar flexion force was similarly augmented by WBV and ATV and increased over time in a load- and frequency dependent fashion. SOL and TA EMG amplitudes increased over time in all conditions independently of vibration mode. 50Hz WBV and ATV resulted in greater muscle activation than 25Hz in SOL when the shank was loaded and in TA when the shank was unloaded despite the greater transmission of vertical acceleration from source to shank with 25Hz and WBV, especially during loading. Low-amplitude WBV of the unloaded and passively loaded leg produced slow tonic muscle contraction and plantar-flexion force increase of similar magnitudes to those induced by Achilles tendon vibration at the same frequencies. This study provides the first experimental evidence supporting the TVR as a plausible mechanism underlying the neuromuscular response to whole-body vibration.
MECHANISMS OF PACING AND DEFIBRILLATION

Kinetics of defibrillation shock-induced response: design implications for the optimal defibrillation waveform Mowrey and colleagues investigated the response of the myocardium with respect to defibrillation shocks . However, their trials are concerned with effective (Fig. 10) or partially ineffective (Fig. 6) voltage pulses within or outside the absolute refractory period. This is remarkable as they assume an equal mechanism for defibrillation and stimulation without expressing it, a thesis which we presented in 1990. If the cell response is equal for stimulation and defibrillation, one has a simple opportunity to test the defibrillation hypotheses, for instance concerning efficient waveforms, by electrostimulation of the heart with higher accuracy and less physiological damage to the heart as must always be expected with defibrillation. Under this assumption we can ascertain that several statements of the authors contradict the stimulation theory or stimulation results:
Radio Resource Management Strategies in UMTS

1,247,803. #-Semi-carbazido propionic acid hydrazide. FARBENFABRIKEN BAYER A.G. 30 May, 1969 [7 June, 1968], No. 38781/70. Divided out of 1,247,802. Heading C2C. #-Semi-carbazido propionic acid hydrazide may be prepared by reacting a #-alanine ester hydrochloride, particularly the ethyl ester, with an ester of chlorocarbonic acid, particularly phenyl chlorocarbonate, and then reacting the resulting di-ester of #-carboxyethylene carbamic acid, e.g. #-carbethoxyethylenecarbamic acid phenyl ester, with hydrazine, preferably in the form of its hydrate.
Measuring user experience in digital gaming: theoretical and methodological issues

There are innumerable concepts, terms and definitions for user experience. Few of them have a solid empirical foundation. In trying to understand user experience in interactive technologies such as computer games and virtual environments, reliable and valid concepts are needed for measuring relevant user reactions and experiences. Here we present our approach to create both theoretically and methodologically sound methods for quantification of the rich user experience in different digital environments. Our approach is based on the idea that the experience received from a content presented with a specific technology is always a result of a complex psychological interpretation process, which components should be understood. The main aim of our approach is to grasp the complex and multivariate nature of the experience and make it measurable. We will present our two basic measurement frameworks, which have been developed and tested in large data set (n=2182). The 15 measurement scales extracted from these models are applied to digital gaming with a head-mounted display and a table-top display. The results show how it is possible to map between experience, technology variables and the background of the user (e.g., gender). This approach can help to optimize, for example, the contents for specific viewing devices or viewing situations.
MIXTURE OF GLMS AND THE TRIMMED LIKELIHOOD METHODOLOGY

The Maximum Likelihood Estimator (MLE) has been widely used to estimate the unknown parameters in the inite mixture of Generalized Linear Models (GLMs). However, the MLE can be very sensitive to outliers in the data. In this paper we consider an approach based on the Trimmed Likelihood Estimator (TLE) to estimate mixtures of GLMs in a robust way. The superiority of this approach in comparison with the MLE is illustrated through a simulation study.
Francisella tularensis: No Evidence for Transovarial Transmission in the Tularemia Tick Vectors Dermacentor reticulatus and Ixodes ricinus

Background Tularemia is a zoonosis caused by the Francisella tularensis, a highly infectious Gram-negative coccobacillus. Due to easy dissemination, multiple routes of infection, high environmental contamination and morbidity and mortality rates, Francisella is considered a potential bioterrorism threat and classified as a category A select agent by the CDC. Tick bites are among the most prevalent modes of transmission, and ticks have been indicated as a possible reservoir, although their reservoir competence has yet to be defined. Tick-borne transmission of F. tularensis was recognized in 1923, and transstadial transmission has been demonstrated in several tick species. Studies on transovarial transmission, however, have reported conflicting results. Objective The aim of this study was to evaluate the role of ticks as reservoirs for Francisella, assessing the transovarial transmission of F. tularensis subsp. holarctica in ticks, using experimentally-infected females of Dermacentor reticulatus and Ixodes ricinus. Results Transmission electron microscopy and fluorescence in situ hybridization showed F. tularensis within oocytes. However, cultures and bioassays of eggs and larvae were negative; in addition, microscopy techniques revealed bacterial degeneration/death in the oocytes. Conclusions These results suggest that bacterial death might occur in oocytes, preventing the transovarial transmission of Francisella. We can speculate that Francisella does not have a defined reservoir, but that rather various biological niches (e.g. ticks, rodents), that allow the bacterium to persist in the environment. Our results, suggesting that ticks are not competent for the bacterium vertical transmission, are congruent with this view.
Simultaneous Magnetic Resonance Imaging and Consolidation Measurement of Articular Cartilage

Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) offers the opportunity to study biological tissues and processes in a non-disruptive manner. The technique shows promise for the study of the load-bearing performance (consolidation) of articular cartilage and changes in articular cartilage accompanying osteoarthritis. Consolidation of articular cartilage involves the recording of two transient characteristics: the change over time of strain and the hydrostatic excess pore pressure (HEPP). MRI study of cartilage consolidation under mechanical load is limited by difficulties in measuring the HEPP in the presence of the strong magnetic fields associated with the MRI technique. Here we describe the use of MRI to image and characterize bovine articular cartilage deforming under load in an MRI compatible consolidometer while monitoring pressure with a Fabry-Perot interferometer-based fiber-optic pressure transducer.
Updated Guidance for Palivizumab Prophylaxis Among Infants and Young Children at Increased Risk of Hospitalization for Respiratory Syncytial Virus Infection

Guidance from the American Academy of Pediatrics (AAP) for the use of palivizumab prophylaxis against respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) was first published in a policy statement in 1998. Guidance initially was based on the result from a single randomized, placebo-controlled clinical trial conducted in 1996–1997 describing an overall reduction in RSV hospitalization rate from 10.6% among placebo recipients to 4.8% among children who received prophylaxis. The results of a second randomized, placebo-controlled trial of children with hemodynamically significant heart disease were published in 2003 and revealed a reduction in RSV hospitalization rate from 9.7% in control subjects to 5.3% among prophylaxis recipients. Because no additional controlled trials regarding efficacy were published, AAP guidance has been updated periodically to reflect the most recent literature regarding children at greatest risk of severe disease. Since the last update in 2012, new data have become available regarding the seasonality of RSV circulation, palivizumab pharmacokinetics, the changing incidence of bronchiolitis hospitalizations, the effects of gestational age and other risk factors on RSV hospitalization rates, the mortality of children hospitalized with RSV infection, and the effect of prophylaxis on wheezing and palivizumab-resistant RSV isolates. These data enable further refinement of AAP guidance to most clearly focus on those children at greatest risk.
EMPIRICAL ESTIMATION OF COGNITIVE ENHANCEMENT BY TRAINING WITH ACTION VIDEO GAME ON THE BASIS OF PSYCHOPHYSIOLOGICAL TESTING

Objective: Here we conduct a pilot study to analyze the effects of training using action video game (AVG) on cognitive enhancement by analyzing the electroencephalograph (EEG) signals measured during psychophysiological testing. Background: 9Â healthy subjects, 6 male and 3 female of age range (21 to 24 years) with no neurological disorders participated in our study. Methods:Features like energy, event related Synchronization (ERS) and global field power (GFP) are measured. Neuronal oscillation differenceÂ is measured using Sloreta.Psychological test: Reaction time test, determination test, visual memory test, visual pursuit test were measured using the Vienna test system. Result: The energy, GFP, and ERS were found to be higher in beta waves in post training conditionÂ when compared to pretraining condition. The neuron oscillation for the beta band was found to be higher in the superior frontal gyrusÂ for the post-training participants when compared to pre-training participants. Conclusions: Higher beta activity in the brain suggestsÂ higher concentration, processing speed, accuracy and attention due to video game training.
Thrombolytic therapy of acute ischemic stroke: correlation of angiographic recanalization with clinical outcome.

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE The effect of vessel patency, following recombinant tissue plasminogen activator (rtPA) administration, on clinical outcome in acute ischemic stroke (AIS) has been controversial. We studied the effect of recanalization following intraarterial (IA) and intravenous/IA (IV/IA) rtPA on clinical outcome in AIS. METHODS Recanalization was classified angiographically as complete (as compared with unoccluded vessel, thrombolysis in myocardial infarction classification [TIMI] 3), none (with no change from prethrombolysis, TIMI 0), and partial (when a change in the flow from baseline was noted, TIMI 1-2). Outcomes were symptomatic intracranial hemorrhage (sICH), 90-day modified Rankin scale (< or = 2 as a good outcome), and 3-month mortality. RESULTS Ninety-six patients had either combined IV/IA (41) or IA (55) rtPA for AIS during a 7-year period. Any recanalization occurred in 69%; 55% of those had a good outcome versus 23% in the rest (Odds ratio = 3.9; 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.4-11.2; P = .007). Only 24% had complete recanalization; 74% had a good outcome versus 36% in the nonrecanalization group (OR = 5.1; 95% CI = 1.6-16.8; P = .002). When adjusted to time to therapy and vessel occluded, these results lessened but remained significant. The sICH rate with any recanalization was 7.6% versus 13.3% in patients with persistent clot (relative risk (RR) = 0.6; 95% CI = 0.2-2.0; P = . 45). Death occurred in 19.7% of those whose vessels recanalized versus 33.3% in the rest (RR = 0.56; 95% = 0.26-1.19; P = .2). CONCLUSION A total of 24% and 69% of patients had complete and any recanalization, respectively, following endovascular rtPA therapy of AIS. The degree of recanalization was directly related to time to therapy and associated with good clinical outcome without an increase in the rate of adverse effect.
Genome-Wide Identification, Characterization and Expression Analysis of the Chalcone Synthase Family in Maize

Members of the chalcone synthase (CHS) family participate in the synthesis of a series of secondary metabolites in plants, fungi and bacteria. The metabolites play important roles in protecting land plants against various environmental stresses during the evolutionary process. Our research was conducted on comprehensive investigation of CHS genes in maize (Zea mays L.), including their phylogenetic relationships, gene structures, chromosomal locations and expression analysis. Fourteen CHS genes (ZmCHS01–14) were identified in the genome of maize, representing one of the largest numbers of CHS family members identified in one organism to date. The gene family was classified into four major classes (classes I–IV) based on their phylogenetic relationships. Most of them contained two exons and one intron. The 14 genes were unevenly located on six chromosomes. Two segmental duplication events were identified, which might contribute to the expansion of the maize CHS gene family to some extent. In addition, quantitative real-time PCR and microarray data analyses suggested that ZmCHS genes exhibited various expression patterns, indicating functional diversification of the ZmCHS genes. Our results will contribute to future studies of the complexity of the CHS gene family in maize and provide valuable information for the systematic analysis of the functions of the CHS gene family.
On Being Relevant to the Future of IS Practice

In this essay, we argue that being relevant to practice must imply a concern with influencing future IS practices. Discussions of IS research relevance, however, are rarely explicit about how research is meant to shape the future. Drawing on Feenberg’s (2002) critical theory of technology and his concepts of primary-secondary instrumentalization and potentialities, we consider how IS research about the past can inform the future of IS practice. We then explore implicit assumptions about shaping the future in positivism, interpretivism and critical research, and consider how design science and action research may be addressing technological potentialities. We draw attention to Zald’s (1993) enlightenment model as an alternative to suggest how IS researcher might be more open to research approaches drawn from the humanities for social and technical critique. We conclude by considering the feasibility of our suggestions.
Independent Component Analysis for Identification of Artifacts in Magnetoencephalographic Recordings

We have studied the application of an independent component analysis (ICA) approach to the identification and possible removal of artifacts from a magnetoencephalographic (MEG) recording. This statistical technique separates components according to the kurtosis of their amplitude distributions over time, thus distinguishing between strictly periodical signals, and regularly and irregularly occurring signals. Many artifacts belong to the last category. In order to assess the effectiveness of the method, controlled artifacts were produced, which included saccadic eye movements and blinks, increased muscular tension due to biting and the presence of a digital watch inside the magnetically shielded room. The results demonstrate the capability of the method to identify and clearly isolate the produced artifacts.
Establishing PCK for teaching statistics

This report considers the pedagogical content knowledge (PCK) of 42 teachers selected to be part of a professional learning program in statistics. As part of a profile measuring many aspects of teacher confidence, beliefs, teaching practice, assessment practice, and background, PCK is addressed through responses to student survey items and how the items could be used in the classroom. Rasch analysis is used to obtain a measure of teacher ability in relation to PCK. Based on measured ability, three hierarchical clusters of teacher ability are identified, and the characteristics of each described in terms of the items likely to be achieved. These are exemplified with kidmaps of individual teachers’ performances from each of the three clusters.
THE ROLE OF CIVIL SOCIETY AND THE BUSINESS COMMUNITY IN RURAL RESTRUCTURING

Central Research Unit The views expressed in this report are those of the researchers and do not necessarily represent those of the Department or Scottish Ministers. Further copies of this report are available priced £5.00. Cheques should be made payable to The Stationery Office Ltd and addressed to: ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS The author would like to express thanks to all those who have assisted with the production of this report. In particular, those at The Arkleton Centre for Rural Development Research, who offered literature advice and other assistance, especially Professor Mark Shucksmith who managed the research. Thanks also go to several individuals at organisations in Scotland, and also individuals in the research community, who offered information on their relevant research work.
Volatility Transfers between Cycles: A Theory of Why the "Great Moderation" Was More Mirage than Moderation

In this paper we use a New Keynesian model to explain why volatility transfer from high frequency to low frequency cycles can and did occur during the period commonly referred to as the "great moderation". The model suggests that an increase in inflation aversion and/or a reduction to a commitment to output stabilization could have caused this volatility transfer. Together, the empirical and theoretical sections of the paper show that the "great moderation" may have been mostly an illusion, in that lower frequency cycles can be expected to be more volatile, given that there has been no apparent reversal in any of the policy parameters and hence in the volatility found in the low frequency cycles identified by use of time-frequency empirical techniques. In fact, those cycles appear to have increased in power and volatility in both relative and absolute terms. Keywords: New Keynesian model, business cycles, growth cycles, time-frequency domain, discrete wavelet analysis, Empirical Mode Decomposition
An innovative cost effective approach towards tension control in automated filament winding composite manufacturing

When designing a low cost filament winding machine, one of the most challenging tasks is to design an inexpensive and effective winder tension control. Applying and maintaining an appropriate fiber tension when filament winding a composite part is a complex nonlinear process. The tension in fiber is dependent on number of factors, such as friction, elastic characteristics of the fiber and the winding angle. In this paper, a novel actuation system for tension controlling fibers is mathematically modeled. Then a comparison between the conventional PI controller and a Mamdani type Fuzzy inference based control system is proposed. In this process a novel technique for making PI controller capable of handling known nonlinearities in the system is introduced.
The mechanism of ABCG5/ABCG8 in biliary cholesterol secretion in mice1 Published, JLR Papers in Press, June 1, 2006.

The main player in biliary cholesterol secretion is the heterodimeric transporter complex, ABCG5/ABCG8, the function of which is necessary for the majority of sterols secreted into bile. It is not clear whether the primary step in this process is flopping of cholesterol from the inner to the outer leaflet of the canalicular membrane, with desorption by mixed micelles, or decreasing of the activation energy required for cholesterol desorption from the outer membrane leaflet. In this study, we investigated these mechanisms by infusing Abcg8+/+, Abcg8+/−, and Abcg8−/− mice with hydrophilic and hydrophobic bile salts. In Abcg8−/− mice, this failed to substantially stimulate biliary cholesterol secretion. Infusion of the hydrophobic bile salt taurodeoxycholate also resulted in cholestasis, which was induced in Abcg8−/− mice at a much lower infusion rate compared with Abc8−/− and Abcg8+/− mice, suggesting a reduced cholesterol content in the outer leaflet of the canalicular membrane. Indeed, isolation of canalicular membranes revealed a reduction of 45% in cholesterol content under these conditions in Abcg8−/− mice. Our data support the model that ABCG5/ABCG8 primarily play a role in flopping cholesterol (and sterols) from the inner leaflet to the outer leaflet of the canalicular membrane.
Exploiting Long Distance Collocational Relations in Predictive Typing

In this paper, we report about some preliminary experiments in which we tried to improve the performance of a state-of-the-art Predictive Typing system for the German language by adding a collocation-based prediction component. This component tries to exploit the fact that texts have a topic and are semantically coherent. Thus, the appearance in a text of a certain word can be a cue that other, semantically related words are likely to appear soon. The collocation-based module exploits this kind of topical/semantic relatedness by relying on statistics about the co-occurrence of words within a large window of text in the training corpus. Our current experimental results indicate that using the collocation-based prediction module has a small but consistent positive effect on the performance of the system.