Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
A New Model for the Spiral Structure of the Galaxy. Superposition of 2+4-armed patterns

We investigate the possibility of describing the spiral pattern of the Milky Way in terms of a model of superposition 2- and 4-armed wave harmonics (the simplest description, besides pure modes). Two com-plementary methods are used: a study of stellar kinematics, and direct tracing of positions of spiral arms. In the ﬁrst method, the parameters of the galactic rotation curve and the free parameters of the spiral density waves were obtained from Cepheid kinematics, under diﬀerent assump-tions. To turn visible the structure corresponding to these models, we computed the evolution of an ensemble of N -particles, simulating the ISM clouds, in the perturbed galactic gravitational ﬁeld. In the second method, we present a new analysis of the longitude-velocity ( l − v ) diagram of the sample of galactic HII regions, converting positions of spiral arms in the galactic plane into locii of these arms in the l − v diagram. Both methods indicate that the “self-sustained” model, in which the 2-armed and 4-armed mode have diﬀerent pitch angles (6 ◦ and 12 ◦ , respectively) is a good description of the disk structure. An important conclusion is that the Sun happens to be practically at the corotation circle. As an additional result of our study, we propose an independent test for localization of the corotation circle in a spiral galaxy: a gap in the radial distribution of interstellar gas has to be observed in the corotation region.
Off-fermi surface cancellation effects in spin-Hall conductivity of a two-dimensional Rashba electron gas

We calculate the spin-Hall conductivity of a disordered two-dimensional Rashba electron gas within the self-consistent Born approximation and for arbitrary values of the electron density, parametrized by the ratio $E_F /E_0$, where $E_F$ is the Fermi level and $E_0$ is the spin-orbit energy. We confirm earlier results indicating that in the limit $E_F/E_0 \gg 1$ the vertex corrections suppress the spin-Hall conductivity. However, for sufficiently low electron density such that $E_F\lesssim E_0$, we find that the vertex corrections no longer cancel contributions from the Fermi surface, and they cannot therefore suppress the spin current. This is instead achieved by contributions away from the Fermi surface, disregarded in earlier studies, which become large when $E_F\lesssim E_0$.
The Sloan Digital Sky Survey Quasar Catalog. II. First Data Release

We present the second edition of the Sloan Digital Sky Survey (SDSS) Quasar Catalog. The catalog consists of the 16,713 objects in the SDSS First Data Release that have luminosities larger than Mi = -22 (in a cosmology with H0 = 70 km s-1 Mpc-1, ΩM = 0.3, and ΩΛ = 0.7), have at least one emission line with FWHM larger than 1000 km s-1, and have highly reliable redshifts. The area covered by the catalog is ≈1360 deg2. The quasar redshifts range from 0.08 to 5.41, with a median value of 1.43. For each object, the catalog presents positions accurate to better than 0. ″2 rms per coordinate, five-band (ugriz) CCD-based photometry with typical accuracy of 0.03 mag, and information on the morphology and selection method. The catalog also contains some radio, near-infrared, and X-ray emission properties of the quasars, when available, from other large-area surveys. Calibrated digital spectra of all objects in the catalog, covering the wavelength region 3800–9200 Å at a spectral resolution of 1800–2100, are available. This publication supersedes the first SDSS Quasar Catalog, which was based on material from the SDSS Early Data Release. A summary of corrections to current quasar databases is also provided. The majority of the objects were found in SDSS commissioning data using a multicolor selection technique. Since the quasar selection algorithm was undergoing testing during the entire observational period covered by this catalog, care must be taken when assembling samples from the catalog for use in statistical studies. A total of 15,786 objects (94%) in the catalog were discovered by the SDSS; 12,173 of the SDSS discoveries are reported here for the first time. Included in the new discoveries are five quasars brighter than i = 16.0 and 17 quasars with redshifts larger than 4.5.
Flow Regimes of Mesoscale Circulations Forced by Inhomogeneous Surface Heating

Urbanization is one of the extreme process that increases uncertainty in future climate projections. Flow regimes of mesoscale circulations associated with surface heating due to urbanization have been investigated using a wavelet based computational fluid dynamics~(CFD) model. The results of our numerical model have been validated against that of a laboratory model, as well as reference numerical simulations. Characteristics of urban induced circulations have been studied for surface heat flux perturbation ($H_0$) between $28.93$Wm$^{-2}$ and $925.92$Wm$^{-2}$, and the results have been analyzed against available boundary layer measurements under similar physical conditions. Our primary study shows that urban/rural heat flux anomalies introduce strong oscillations in the convective boundary layer (CBL), and transfers a fraction of the turbulent kinetic energy vertically through internal waves. Such results complement previous investigators' hypothesis that temporal oscillations in urban-induced mesoscale circulations are primarily due to a downscale energy cascade. Although a further detailed study is necessary, the present numerical observations provide useful feedback for the impacts of urbanization on regional climate.
Numerical study on a shelled gas bubble submerged in soft tissue.

Ultrasound contrast agents have been recently utilized in therapeutical implementations for targeted delivery of pharmaceutical substances. Radial pulsations of the encapsulated microbubbles under the action of an ultrasound field are complex and high nonlinear, particularly for drug and gene delivery applications with high acoustic pressure amplitudes. The dynamics of a polymer-shelled agent is inspected \textit{in vivo} through applying the method of chaos physics whereas the effects of the outer medium compressibility and the shell were considered. The stability of the ultrasound contrast agent is examined by plotting the bifurcation diagrams over a wide range of variations of influential parameters. The results imply that the composition of the surrounding medium alters the microbubble dynamics, strongly. Furthermore, influences of various parameters which present a comprehensive view of the radial oscillations of the microbubble are quantitatively discussed with clear descriptions of the stable and unstable regions of the microbubble oscillations.
Observational Artifacts of NuSTAR: Ghost Rays and Stray Light

The Nuclear Spectroscopic Telescope Array (NuSTAR), launched in June 2012, flies two conical approximation Wolter-I mirrors at the end of a 10.15m mast. The optics are coated with multilayers of Pt/C and W/Si that operate from 3--80 keV. Since the optical path is not shrouded, aperture stops are used to limit the field of view from background and sources outside the field of view. However, there is still a sliver of sky (~1.0--4.0 degrees) where photons may bypass the optics altogether and fall directly on the detector array. We term these photons Stray-light. Additionally, there are also photons that do not undergo the focused double reflections in the optics and we term these Ghost Rays. We present detailed analysis and characterization of these two components and discuss how they impact observations. Finally, we discuss how they could have been prevented and should be in future observatories.
Energy density in expanding universes as seen by an Unruh detector

We consider the response of an Unruh detector to scalar fields in an expanding spacetime. When combining transition elements of the scalar field Hamiltonian with the interaction operator of detector and field, one finds at second order in time-dependent perturbation theory a transition amplitude, which actually dominates in the ultraviolet over the first order contribution. In particular, the detector response faithfully reproduces the particle number implied by the stress energy of a minimally coupled scalar field, which is inversely proportional to the energy of a scalar mode. This finding disagrees with the contention that in de Sitter space, the response of the detector drops exponentially with particle energy and therefore indicates a thermal spectrum.
Mass evaporation rate of globular clusters in a strong tidal field

The mass evaporation rate of globular clusters evolving in a strong Galactic tidal field is derived through the analysis of large, multi-mass $N$-body simulations. For comparison, we also study the same evaporation rates using MOCCA Monte Carlo models for globular cluster evolution. Our results show that the mass evaporation rate is a dynamical value; that is, far from a constant single number found in earlier analytical work and commonly used in the literature. Moreover, the evaporation rate derived with these simulations is higher than values previously published. These models also show that the value of the mass evaporation rate depends on the strength of the tidal field. We give an analytical estimate of the mass evaporation rate as a function of time and galactocentric distance xi(R_{GC},t). Upon extrapolating this formula to smaller R_{GC} values, our results provide tentative evidence for a very high xi value at small R_{GC}. Our results suggest that the corresponding mass loss in the inner Galactic potential could be high and it should be accounted for when star clusters pass within it. This has direct relevance to nuclear cluster formation/growth via the infall of globular clusters through dynamical friction. As an illustrative example, we estimate how the evaporation rate increases for a ~10^5 solar masses globular cluster that decays through dynamical friction into the galactic centre. We discuss the findings of this work in relation to the formation of nuclear star clusters by inspiraling globular clusters.
Parallel Computation of Polynomial Greatest Common Divisors

We present a parallel algebraic PRAM algorithm that can compute the greatest common divisor of two polynomials of maximal degree n with coe cients from a eld simultaneously in O(log(n) 2 ) time using n ! +1 processors, where ! denotes the matrix multiplication exponent (currently the best being 2.37 (Coppersmith and Winograd 1987)). Our algorithm actually can nd all subresultants of the input polynomials and the corresponding multiplier polynomials in the extended Euclidean scheme on an algebraic circuit of
A Novel Layered Learning Approach for Forecasting Respiratory Disease Excess Mortality during the COVID-19 pandemic

Forecasting model selection and model combination are the two contending approaches in the time series forecasting literature. Ensemble learning is useful for addressing a given predictive task by different predictive models when direct mapping from inputs to outputs is inaccurate. We adopt a layered learning approach to an ensemble learning strategy to solve the predictive tasks with improved predictive performance and take advantage of multiple learning processes into an ensemble model. In this proposed strategy, we build each model with a specific holdout and make the ensemble model of time series with a dynamic selection approach. For the experimental section, we studied more than twelve thousand observations in a portfolio of 61-time series of reported respiratory disease deaths to show the amount of improvement in predictive performance of excess mortality. Then we compare the forecasting outcome of our model with the corresponding total deaths of COVID-19 for selected countries. © 2021 Associacao Portuguesa de Sistemas de Informacao. All rights reserved.
Large-scale structure tests of warm dark matter

The nature of the dark matter critically affects the large-scale structure of the universe. Under the assumptions that the universe is spatially flat with zero cosmological constant and that primordial perturbations were adiabatic with a Harrison-Zeldovich spectrum, neither hot dark matter (HDM) nor cold dark matter (CDM) appears consistent with the observed large-scale structure. Warm dark matter (WDM) is an intriguing alternative from the point of view of both cosmology and particle physics. We consider a one-parameter family of WDM models. The linear power spectra for these models is calculated and compared with the corresponding spectra for CDM, HDM, and mixed dark matter (MDM), as well as the power spectrum derived from observations. Our linear analyses suggest that a model universe dominated by a particle whose mass-to-temperature ratio {ital m}{sub {ital x}}/{ital T}{sub {ital x}} is increased by a factor of 2 as compared with the standard HDM neutrino gives a reasonable fit to the data on large ({approx_gt}8{ital h}{sup {minus}1} Mpc) scales. {ital N}-body simulations for this particular WDM model show features of both HDM and CDM. As in HDM, the first objects to collapse are large pancake-like structures. The final matter distribution is rather smooth, and structures asmore » small as galaxy halos are excluded. However, there appear to be virialized rich clusters evident in the CDM but not in the HDM simulations. Unfortunately, a simple comparison of the matter distribution and its statistical properties with observations indicates that WDM, like CDM, has too much power at small scales. This is particularly evident in the small-scale pairwise velocity dispersion. The cluster multiplicity function has the wrong shape, with too many rich clusters being produced, although this conclusion is based on the simple assumption that light traces mass in groups of galaxies. {copyright} {ital 1996 The American Astronomical Society. }« less
Equilibrium stellar configurations in Rastall theory and linear equation of state

Amongst a number of modified theories of gravity, the Rastall theory has been propounded to address some shortcomings of the standard theory of general relativity. Our purpose is to investigate this framework's capacity to analyse stellar structure in the context of elementary requirements for physical plausibility such as positive definite functions for the energy density and pressure, conformity to the causality criterion and the existence of an equation of state. We consider the analogue of the Saslaw \textit{et al} \cite{saslaw} isothermal model of general relativity and show that the Rastall version satisfies the basic requirements unlike its counterpart. Then we examine in turn the consequences of suppressing one of the inverse square law fall off of the energy density or the linear equation of state. In addition, the case of a constant spatial gravitational potential is studied on account of this prescription being a necessary and sufficient condition for isothermal behaviour in Einstein theory and its most general tensor extension Lovelock gravity.
Radiation dose of prostatic artery embolization for benign prostatic hyperplasia: A protocol for systematic review

Background: Increasing evidence supports the efficacy and safety of prostatic artery embolization (PAE) in the treatment of benign prostatic hyperplasia. However, PAE relies on ionizing radiation, which has not been studied systematically so far. Therefore, the potential associated risks remain largely unknown and are subject to intense debate. We performed a protocol for systematic review and meta-analysis to evaluate the clinical benefits of different radiation doses in patients with benign prostatic hyperplasia undergoing PAE. Methods: A comprehensive search of several databases from 1966 to October 2022 was conducted. The databases include Ovid Medline In-Process & Other Non-Indexed Citations, Ovid MEDLINE, Ovid EMBASE, Ovid PsycINFO, Ovid Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, Ovid Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, and PubMed. Risk of bias of the included studies was assessed by the “Risk of Bias Assessment Tool” of the Cochrane Handbook for randomized controlled trials. All data were analyzed using the Comprehensive Meta-Analysis software package (Biostat, Engelwood, NJ). Results: The results will be submitted to a peer-reviewed journal once completed. Conclusion: This review will provide reliable evidence for extensive application of PAE for benign prostatic hyperplasia and determine the most rational radiation dose for these patients.
Porridge for influenza: Protocol for a systematic review and meta-analysis

Background: Influenza is a common disease. If it is not treated in time, it may induce related chronic respiratory diseases and seriously endanger people’s health. Porridge, as a food of the East, has been recorded by doctors of all ages to treat influenza with porridge. However, due to insufficient research, there is a certain controversy about porridge in the treatment of influenza. We therefore plan to conduct a systematic review and meta-analysis to collect data from all published studies on this issue in order to obtain reliable evidence. Method and analysis: We will search for relevant trials in various databases published by December 2022. To study the efficacy and safety of a RCT of porridge in the treatment of influenza. Standardized data tables will be used to complete data search and extraction in duplicate. All differences will be resolved by consensus. The main result was to observe the symptom score of influenza patients, and the secondary results included body temperature, nasal secretions, nasal resistance and viral culture titers in the nasal secretions. Data synthesis and statistical analysis will be performed for each outcome with Stata V.14. 0. Results: Our study will be a systematic review and meta-analysis to evaluate the efficacy and safety of porridge in the treatment of influenza. Conclusion: The conclusion of this study has a certain reference value for the clinical use of porridge in the treatment of influenza.
Pioglitazone on nonalcoholic steatohepatitis: A systematic review and meta-analysis of 15 RCTs

Background: Nonalcoholic steatohepatitis is regarded as a risk factor of many liver diseases. Methods: Relevant studies were searched from The National Library of Medicine, Cochrane Library, Elsevier, China National Knowledge Infrastructure, Web of Science and WANFANG databases. A total of 15 eligible studies were analyzed in the Reviewer Manager 5.3 software, including 7 English articles and 8 Chinese articles. Results: Fifteen studies are selected for this meta-analysis, which includes totally 623 patients in the treatment group and 594 patients in the control group. As a result, 8 studies show that the total effective rate of the treatment group is higher than that of the control group [Z = 3.64, 95% confidence intervals (CI): 1.78 (1.31–2.43), P = . 0003]; eleven studies show that fasting plasma glucose levels of the experimental group are lower than that of the control group [Z = 4.38, 95% CI: −0.95 (−1.38 to −0.53), P < . 0001]; ten studies show that glutamic-pyruvic transaminase levels of the experimental group are lower than that of the control group [Z = 3.69, 95% CI: −11.76 (−18.01 to −5.51), P = . 0002]; 6 studies show that glutamic oxalacetic transaminase levels of the experimental group are lower than that of the control group [Z = 7.40, 95% CI: −3.01 (−3.81 to −2.22), P < . 00001]; 6 studies show that gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase levels of the experimental group are lower than that of the control group [Z = 2.43, 95% CI: −23.77 (−42.98 to −4.57), P = . 02]; 9 studies show that triglyceride levels of the experimental group are lower than that of the control group [Z = 3.06, 95% CI: −0.62 (−1.01 to −0.22), P = . 002]; 6 studies show that the homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance of the experimental group is lower than that of the control group [Z = 3.22, 95% CI: −2.33 (−3.75 to −0.91), P = . 001]; 6 studies show that the glycated hemoglobin A1c of the experimental group is lower than that of the control group [Z = 4.50, 95% CI: −1.90 (−2.72 to −1.07), P < . 00001]; five studies show that the fasting insulin of the experimental group is lower than that of the control group [Z = 3.42, 95% CI: −2.25 (−3.53 to −0.96), P = . 0006]. Conclusion: Pioglitazone intake is effective in nonalcoholic steatohepatitis management.
Information theory of open fragmenting systems

An information theory description of ﬁnite systems explicitly evolving in time is presented. We impose a MaxEnt variational principle on the Shannon entropy at a given time while the constraints are set at a former time. The resulting density matrix contains explicit time odd components in the form of collective ﬂows. As a speciﬁc application we consider the dynamics of the expansion in connection with heavy ion experiments. Lattice gas and classical molecular dynamics simulations are shown.
Prognostic potential of miR-144 in various cancers: A meta-analysis

Background: MicrorNA-144 (MiR-144) has been shown to be an attractive prognostic tumor biomarker and play a fundamental role in various cancers, However, the conclusion was inconsistency. The aim of this study was to identify the prognostic role of miR-144 in cancers. Methods: Relevant studies were searched in PubMed, EMBASE and Web of Science up to April 20, 2022. Hazard ratios (HR), odds ratio (OR) and 95% confidence intervals were pooled from the selected studies. Results: A total of 15 articles involving 1846 participants fulfilled the inclusion criteria. The results revealed that low miR-144 expression was significantly associated with favorable overall survival (HR: 0.68, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.53–0.88) in various cancers. Low miR-144 expression had better predictive value in patients with urinary system cancer (HR: 0.48, 95% CI: 0.35–0.64). In addition, low miR-144 expression was associated with tumor diameter (big vs small) (OR: 1.69, 95% CI: 1.08–2.75), tumor stage (III–IV vs I–II) (OR: 2.52, 95% CI: 3.76–8.14) and invasion depth (T3 + T4 vs T2 + T1) (OR: 3.24, 95% CI: 1.72–4.89). Conclusion: miR-144 may serve as a prognostic biomarker in cancers.
Phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate (PIP 2 ) and Ca 2 (cid:2) are both required to open the Cl (cid:3) channel TMEM16A

Transmembrane member 16A (TMEM16A) is a widely expressed Ca 2 (cid:2) -activated Cl (cid:3) channel with various physiological functions ranging from mucosal secretion to regulating smooth muscle contraction. Understanding how TMEM16A controlsthesephysiologicalprocessesandhowitsdysregulation may cause disease requires a detailed understanding of how cel-lularprocessesandsecondmessengersalterTMEM16Achannel gating. Here we assessed the regulation of TMEM16A gating by recording Ca 2 (cid:2) -evoked Cl (cid:3) currents conducted by endogenous TMEM16A channels expressed in Xenopus laevis oocytes, using the inside-out configuration of the patch clamp technique. During continuous application of Ca 2 (cid:2) , we found that TMEM16A-conducted currents decay shortly after patch excision. Such current rundown is common among channels regulated by phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate (PIP 2 ). Thus, we sought to investigate a possible role of PIP 2 in TMEM16A gating. Con-sistently, synthetic PIP 2 rescued the current after rundown, and the application of PIP 2 modulating agents altered the speed kinetics of TMEM16A current rundown. First, two PIP 2 seques-tering agents, neomycin and anti-PIP 2 , applied to the intracellular surface of excised patches sped up TMEM16A current rundown to nearly twice as fast. Conversely, rephosphorylation of phosphatidylinositol (PI) derivatives into PIP 2 using Mg-ATP or inhibiting dephosphorylation of PIP 2 using (cid:4) -glycerophos-phate slowed rundown by nearly 3-fold. Our results reveal that TMEM16A regulation is more complicated than it initially appeared; not only is Ca 2 (cid:2) necessary to signal TMEM16a open-ing,butPIP 2 isalsorequired.Thesefindingsimproveourunder-standing of how the dysregulation of these pathways may lead to disease and suggest that targeting these pathways could have utility for potential therapies.