Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Characterization, localization and transmembrane organization of the three proteins PrtD, PrtE and PrtF necessary for protease secretion by the Gram‐negative bacterium Erwinia chrysanthemi

Erwinia chrysanthemi, a Gram‐negative phythopathogenic bacterium, secretes two related extracellular metalloproteases, B and C, which do not have N‐terminal signal sequences. The specific pathway by which they are secreted, which has been reconstituted in Escherichia coli, comprises three proteins — PrtD, PrtE and PrtF. Hybrid proteins containing segments of these proteins fused to the C‐terminus of protease B were purified and used to immunize rabbits. The antisera thus obtained were used to study the location and membrane topology of the three proteins. PrtD and PrtE were found to cofractionate almost exclusively with the cytoplasmic membrane, whereas PrtF was found to co‐fractionate mostly with the outer membrane. Proteinase K accessibility experiments as well as sequence data lead us to propose that PrtF has one or both ends exposed to the periplasm, that PrtE has one transmembrane segment with its amino‐terminus facing the cytoplasm and its C‐terminal hydrophilic domain exposed to the periplasm, and that PrtD has six transmembrane segments with its N‐terminus and its C‐terminal hydrophilic domain in the cytoplasm.
Fear of spiders: The effect of real threat on the interference caused by symbolic threat

The effect of the presence of a real spider on attentional biases for symbolic spider stimuli was examined in 42 low-fearful and 26 high-spider-fearful participants. They completed a word colour-naming task as well as a picture orientation-judgement task, both with versus without a spider present in the experimental room. In both tasks, spider-related words and pictures interfered with task performance in high-fearfuls, but not low-fearfuls, revealing an attentional bias for spider-related stimuli in spider-fearfuls. This was true both with and without a real spider present. These results suggest that, partly in contrast to earlier findings, the presence of a real threat stimulus had no influence on the interference caused by symbolic threat stimuli.
Priming the Governance System for Climate Change Adaptation: The Application of a Social-Ecological Inventory to Engage Actors in Niagara, Canada

Climate change adaptation presents a challenge to current top-down governance structures, including the tension between provision of public goods and actions required by diverse stakeholders, including private actors. Alternative governance approaches that facilitate participation and learning across scales are gaining attention for their ability to bring together diverse actors across sectors and to foster adaptive capacity and resilience. We have described the method and outcomes from the application of a social-ecological inventory to "prime," i.e., hasten the development of, a regional climate change adaptation network. The social-ecological inventory tool draws on the social-ecological systems approach in which social and ecological systems are considered linked. The tool bridges the gap between conventional stakeholder analysis and biological inventories, drawing on a social-ecological systems approach, and incorporates local knowledge as an explicit component. The process, which is dynamic and iterative, includes six phases: preparations, preliminary identification, identification of key individuals, interviewing, reviewing and enriching the inventory, and engagement. By considering the social and ecological aspects of a system, a more comprehensive inventory is achieved that provides a foundational platform to facilitate or support climate change adaptation processes that are participatory and learning oriented. Although social- ecological inventories have been used for ecosystem management, the intent of this research was to understand the potential of the tool for climate change adaptation. A social-ecological inventory was undertaken in the Niagara Region of Canada to assemble and facilitate a regional governance group to champion climate change adaptation. Moreover, the social-ecological inventory was purposefully undertaken as the initial step in priming the governance system and led into an adaptive comanagement process for climate change adaptation. Early indicators suggest that the social-ecological inventory has been instrumental in facilitating a multisectoral adaptive comanagement governance approach to climate change in the Niagara Region.
A yeast tRNA precursor containing a pre‐mRNA intron is spliced via the pre‐mRNA splicing mechanism.

We have replaced the 14 nucleotide long intervening sequence of the Saccharomyces cerevisiae SUP6 (ochre) tRNA(Tyr) gene by the 52 nucleotide long second intron of the S. cerevisiae MATa1 gene. Yeast cells containing this modified pre‐tRNA showed the typical suppressor phenotype indicating that the MATa1 pre‐mRNA intron was exactly excised in vivo from the primary tRNA transcript and a mature and functional tRNA was formed. Several lines of evidence show that the splicing reaction proceeded via the pre‐mRNA splicing mechanism: the reaction yielded a lariat shaped excised intron with a lariat shaped intron‐exon 2 molecule as intermediate; point mutations in the conserved UAC‐UAAC box of the intron impaired splicing of the precursor RNA; in a temperature sensitive rna2 strain splicing of this tRNA precursor was inhibited at the restrictive temperature. Our results imply that in yeast the excision of a pre‐mRNA intron is not dependent on the transcription apparatus by which it was generated and that transcription and splicing are uncoupled processes in vivo, too. Furthermore these data demonstrate that recognition of an RNA as a substrate for a pre‐mRNA splicing reaction is, at least qualitatively, only intron dependent.
Identity in organizations : building theory through conversations

Preface - David Whetten Why Organizational Identity and Why Conversations? The Definition and MetaDefinition of Identity - Stuart Albert PART ONE: WHAT DOES ORGANIZATIONAL IDENTITY MEAN? From Individual to Organizational Identity - Dennis Gioia The Identity of Organizations - Dennis Gioia et al PART TWO: WHAT DOES IDENTITY IMPLY FOR STRATEGY? Organizational Identity within the Strategic Management Conversation - Larry Stimpert, Yolanda Sarason and Loren Gustafson Contributions and Assumptions A Strategy Conversation on the Topic of Organization Identity - Rhonda Reger et al PART THREE: HOW DO PEOPLE IDENTIFY WITH ORGANIZATIONS? To Be or Not To Be - Michael Pratt Central Questions in Organizational Identification Identification with Organizations - Blake Ashforth et al Epilogue - Paul C Godfrey et al What Does the Concept of Identity Add to Organization Science? Postscript - Paul C Godfrey Observations on Conversation as a Theory-Building Methodology
On the mechanism of metabolic N‐dealkylation. Isolation of a relatively stable carbinolamine

The constituents of mixtures, such as kaolin and morphine mixture B.P.C. , with high solids content are mixture of ethanol and water. The method of assay was continued as previously described for the determination usually determined on a weight in weight basis. We were able to pipette the homogeneous mixture providing that the pipette was allowed to drain thoroughly. This is reflected in the recoveries of morphine from the mixtures, and we therefore recommend that the determination for total anhydrous morphine be on a weight in volume basis. The ‘free’ morphine content (that in the dekaolinated solution) of the mixtures was determined by taking a portion of the homogeneous mixture and centrifuging it in such a way that 20.0ml of the supernatant liquid could be pipetted into a separator. To this were added 5 ml ethanol (96% v/v), 5 ml water and 2 ml dilute ammonia solution (10% w/w). This mixture was extracted with 3 x 30 ml of a 2 : 1 mixture of chloroform and ethanol. Each chloroform fraction, after separation, was washed with the same 20 ml of a 1 : 1 of the total anhydrous morphine content commencing at the words ‘. The combined chloroform fractions were evaporated . ’. The ‘free’ morphine content of the mixtures under test is given in Table l(b). We found that only about 75% of the morphine content appears to be ‘free’ in solution. March 20, 1980
Antegrade Intramedullary Nailing of Pediatric Femoral Fractures Using an Interlocking Pediatric Femoral Nail and a Lateral Trochanteric Entry Point

Background: The treatment of femoral shaft fractures in older children and adolescents using rigid intramedullary (IM) nail fixation offers the advantages of decreased soft tissue stripping, low incidence of malalignment, leg length discrepancy, early ambulation, and decreased hospital stay. Recent reports have described the development of osteonecrosis of the femoral head in children after IM nailing through the piriformis fossa and the tip of the greater trochanter. Others have noted secondary proximal femoral valgus and femoral neck narrowing after antegrade IM nailing. Using the lateral aspect of the greater \trochanter as the starting point avoids the tenuous blood supply of the proximal femur and did not seem to produce avascular necrosis or proximal femoral deformity in early reports. Methods: A retrospective clinical and radiographic review of 78 children and adolescents with 80 femoral shaft fractures who underwent IM nail fixation through the lateral aspect of the greater trochanter, with a mean follow-up of 99 weeks, was performed. Twenty-four fractures were observed until skeletal maturity. Final standing anteroposterior radiographs of both lower extremities were used to assess for evidence of osteonecrosis, limb length discrepancy, fracture alignment, and indices around the hips. Results: All patients went on to union in good clinical alignment without loss of reduction. No nonunions, delayed unions, or malunions were observed. Two patients developed infections postoperatively (2.5%). No patient had evidence of osteonecrosis of the femoral head. There was no significant difference in neck-shaft angle, articulotrochanteric distance, or femoral diameter when compared with the nonsurgical, normal side in these patients. Conclusions: Intramedullary nail fixation through the lateral aspect of the greater trochanter in children and adolescents is effective. It does not produce clinically important femoral neck valgus or narrowing. We did not observe osteonecrosis of the femoral head. Level of Evidence: Level IV, case series.
A Linear $\Sigma$–$\Delta$ Digital IF to RF DAC Transmitter With Embedded Mixer

A noise-shaped direct digital IF to RF (DIF2RF) DAC with embedded upconverter mixer is presented. The digital IF signal is noise shaped by a bandpass Sigma-Delta modulator with 1-bit IF output followed by a semidigital finite impulse response (FIR) filter. The current mode FIR filter combines scaled values of the local oscillator (LO) signal for performing reconstruction filtering and upconversion in a single module. The DIF2RF design modulates the digital IF signal with a digital LO signal. This topology eliminates the transconductance nonlinearity of conventional mixers and is inherently linear due to single-bit digital IF input. The presented architecture reduces clock jitter sensitivity of 1-bit DACs by masking IF clock transitions with LO signals. A prototype of the DIF2RF DAC is designed and fabricated in a five-layer metal 0.25-mum digital CMOS process. The architecture can be used in low-power software-defined digital-IF transmitters. The DIF2RF DAC consumes 49 mA from a 2.5-V supply, achieving -64.7-dBc third-order intermodulation at 1.03 GHz with a spurious-free dynamic range of 72 dB in a 15-MHz bandwidth.
Surface chemistry study of the interactions of benzalkonium chloride with films of meibum, corneal cells lipids, and whole tears.

PURPOSE To perform a surface chemistry study of the interactions between benzalkonium chloride (BAC), a common preservative used in ophthalmic formulations, and tear film (TF) constituents. METHODS The interactions between BAC and human tears, meibum, and rabbit corneal cell lipid extracts at the air-water interface were examined in vitro during controlled compression-expansion of the film area by a Langmuir surface balance, surface potential measurements, and pendant drop-axisymmetric drop shape analysis (PD-ADSA). Surface pressure-area isotherms and isocycles were used to assess the sample's lateral elasticity and capability of compressing and spreading during dynamic area changes. Lipid film morphology was monitored by Brewster angle microscopy. The viability of BAC-treated Statens Seruminstitut rabbit cornea (SIRC) cell cultures was also examined. The BAC concentration was kept within the clinical range of 0.001% to 0.02%. RESULTS In the Langmuir balance and PD-ADSA experiments, the interactions between BAC and lipids or tears resulted in (1) impaired lipid spread and formation of discontinuous nonuniform surface layers, (2) increased surface pressure-area hysteresis during compression and expansion, and (3) displacement of the lipids by BAC from the surface. A decrease (>50%) in SIRC cell viability was observed. The effects occurred within seconds after BAC exposure, and their magnitude increased with BAC concentration. CONCLUSIONS The surface chemistry approach used in this study provided molecular-scale insights into the detrimental effect of BAC on TF, which well explain the TF instability and corneal epithelial barrier dysfunction after exposure to BAC in the in vivo human eye.
Identification à la limite de langages dans le cadre d ’ un bruit systématique

Pourétudier l’apprentissagè a partir de donń ees bruit́ ees, il est usuel de se baser sur un mod èle de bruit statistique. L’influence du bruit est alors envisaǵee selon des crit ères pragmatiques ou eux-m ê es statistiques, en se basant donc sur un paradigme prenant en compte une distribution des donn ées. Dans cet article, nouśetudions le bruit comme un ph énom̀ene non statistique, en d éfinissant la notion de bruit syst ématique. Nouśetablissons diff́ erentes mani ères d’apprendre (̀a la limite) à partir de donń ees bruit́ ees. La premi ère se base sur une technique de ŕ eduction entre probl èmes et consistè a apprendrèa partir des donń ees qu’on sait bruit́ ees, puis̀a d́ebruiter la fonction apprise. La seconde consiste à débruiterà la voĺee les exemples d’apprentissage, à identifier ainsià la limite les bons exemples, et à apprendre alors̀ a partir d’exemples non corrompus. Nous donnons dans les deux cas des conditions suffisantes pour que l’appr ntissage soit possible et montrons̀ a travers diff́ erents exemples (provenant en particulier du domaine de l’inf́ erence grammaticale) que nos techniques sont compl é entaires. Mots-clés: Identificationà la limite, langages, bruit, pr étopologie.
LOFAR: Detecting Cosmic Rays with a Radio Telescope

LOFAR (the Low Frequency Array), a distributed digital radio telescope with stations in the Netherlands, Germany, France, Sweden, and the United Kingdom, is designed to enable full-sky monitoring of transient radio sources. These capabilities are ideal for the detection of broadband radio pulses generated in cosmic ray air showers. The core of LOFAR consists of 24 stations within 4 square kilometers, and each station contains 96 low-band antennas and 48 high-band antennas. This dense instrumentation will allow detailed studies of the lateral distribution of the radio signal in a frequency range of 10-250 MHz. Such studies are key to understanding the various radio emission mechanisms within the air shower, as well as for determining the potential of the radio technique for primary particle identification. We present the status of the LOFAR cosmic ray program, including the station design and hardware, the triggering and filtering schemes, and our initial observations of cosmic-ray-induced radio pulses.
Obesity Levels in Institutionalized Mentally Retarded Adults

The purpose of this investigation was to determine the percent body fat of 553 institutionalized mentally retarded adults, ages 18 to 40 yrs, from the Denton State School in Texas. The subjects included 343 males and 210 females. Their percent body fat was estimated with generalized regression equations. Body density for males was measured by the sum of three skinfolds, two girths, and age. Body density for females was measured by the sum of three skinfolds and age. The results from this study revealed that 45.2% of the males and 50.5% of the females were obese. The percent body fat of the female subjects was significantly greater than that of the male subjects. A post hoc analysis revealed that profoundly mentally retarded subjects had significantly lower percent body fat than those subjects functioning at the severe and mild levels. These findings indicate a serious need for more investigation of the caloric intake and expenditure of this population in an institutional environment.
Discrimination of Left-Right Orientation with Directional Markers

Pre-reading kindergartners (n = 64) were divided equally into experimental and control groups of similar age and IQ. The experimentals discriminated the reversible letters, b, d, p, q, using special left and right markers plus brief instruction in both up-down and left-right discrimination. The controls had no markers and no instruction. The experimentals improved significantly on the over-all discrimination of letters, but the significant reduction of left-right reversal errors was partly offset by a significant increase of up-down inversion errors. These results held for both a detection task and a recognition task, and there were no interactions with age or sex. The results were interpreted as evidence that the difficulty that young children have in discriminating left-right orientation is due simply to the lack of obvious directional reference points.
Folding meshes: hierarchical mesh segmentation based on planar symmetry

Meshes representing real world objects, both artist-created and scanned, contain a high level of redundancy due to (possibly approximate) planar reflection symmetries, either global or localized to different subregions. An algorithm is presented for detecting such symmetries and segmenting the mesh into the symmetric and remaining regions. The method, inspired by techniques in Computer Vision, has foundations in robust statistics and is resilient to structured outliers which are present in the form of the non symmetric regions of the data. Also introduced is an application of the method: the folding tree data structure. The structure encodes the non redundant regions of the original mesh as well as the reflection planes and is created by the recursive application of the detection method. This structure can then be unfolded to recover the original shape. Applications include mesh compression, repair, skeletal extraction of objects of known symmetry as well as mesh processing acceleration by limiting computation to non redundant regions and propagation of results.
Neuronal Expression of Neural Nitric Oxide Synthase (nNOS) Protein Is Suppressed by an Antisense RNA Transcribed from an NOS Pseudogene

Here, we show that a nitric oxide synthase (NOS) pseudogene is expressed in the CNS of the snail Lymnaea stagnalis. The pseudo-NOS transcript includes a region of significant antisense homology to a previously reported neuronal NOS (nNOS)-encoding mRNA. This suggested that the pseudo-NOS transcript acts as a natural antisense regulator of nNOS protein synthesis. In support of this, we show that both the nNOS-encoding and the pseudo-NOS transcripts are coexpressed in giant identified neurons (the cerebral giant cells) in the cerebral ganglion. Moreover, reverse transcription-PCR experiments on RNA isolated from the CNS establish that stable RNA–RNA duplex molecules do form between the two transcripts in vivo. Using an in vitro translation assay, we further demonstrate that the antisense region of the pseudogene transcript prevents the translation of nNOS protein from the nNOS-encoding mRNA. By analyzing NOS RNA and nNOS protein expression in two different identified neurons, we find that when both the nNOS-encoding and the pseudo-NOS transcripts are present in the same neuron, nNOS enzyme activity is substantially suppressed. Importantly, these results show that a natural antisense mechanism can mediate the translational control of nNOS expression in the Lymnaea CNS. Our findings also suggest that transcribed pseudogenes are not entirely without purpose and are a potential source of a new class of regulatory gene in the nervous system.
Use of a Feedforward Neural Network for Predicting the Development Duration of Software Projects

Context: In the software engineering field, only 20 percent of software projects finish on time relative to their original plan. A software project can be classified as a new development, an enhanced development or a re-development. Goal: To propose a feed forward neural network (FFNN) for predicting the duration of new software development projects. Hypothesis: The accuracy of duration prediction for an FFNN is statistically better than the accuracy obtained from a statistical regression (SR) when an adjusted function points (AFPs) value, obtained from new software development projects, is used as the independent variable. Method: A sample obtained from the International Software Benchmarking Standards Group (ISBSG) Release 11 corresponding to new development projects was used. The accuracy of the FFNN was compared against that of an SR model. The criteria for evaluating the accuracy of these two models were the Mean Magnitude of Relative Error (MMRE) and an ANOVA statistical test. Results: Prediction accuracy of an FFNN was statistically better than that of an SR model at the 90% confidence level. Conclusion: An FFNN could be applied for predicting the duration of new software development projects when AFPs were used as independent variable.
Using PVM for Hunting Snake In The Box Codes

An In coil in Qn the n dimensional unit cube is a simple cycle C in Qn such that C has no chords in Qn An In snake is a simple open path S in Qn which has no chords in Qn The problem of nding a snake of maximum length su ers from severe combinatorial explosion This paper describes the use of a Genetic Algorithm for nding snakes and how this code was interfaced with the software package PVM Parallel Virtual Machine allowing us to adapt GA code written for single processor machines for use on a cluster of single processor machines acting in parallel
NIMBUS: A Hybrid Cloud-Crowd Realtime Architecture for Visual Learning in Interactive Domains

Robotic architectures that incorporate cloud-based resources are just now gaining popularity. However, researchers have very few investigations into their capabilities to support claims of their feasibility. We propose a novel method to exchange quality for speed of response. Further, we back this assertion with empirical findings from experiments performed with Amazon Mechanical Turk and find that our method improves quality in exchange for response time in our cognitive architecture.