Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Lithium in the Young Cluster NGC 2264

We use moderate-resolution, moderate signal-to-noise ratio spectroscopy to derive Li abundances for six F and G stars in the young (few Myr) cluster NGC 2264. These are combined with consistently determined abundances of five NGC 2264 G and K stars having published Li data. The mean non-LTE abundance, calculated with photometric temperatures, is log N(Li) = 3.27 ± 0.05. This is essentially identical to the meteoritic value, providing no evidence of Galactic Li enrichment over the past 4.6 Gyr—at least to the extent that the meteoritic value represents a typical "cosmic" value at that time. The scatter of 0.16 dex is well within the expected uncertainties and does not indicate any unexpected differential Li depletion. Our mean Li abundance is 0.2–0.3 dex larger than that in the hotter stars of IC 2602 (30 Myr) and the Pleiades (100 Myr), which have consistently determined abundances. This might indicate prior modest differential enrichment, very recent Galactic Li enrichment that is not a global process, or the increasing effect of Li depletion at the young ages of these clusters; such depletion cannot be satisfactorily understood in terms of extant standard or rotational stellar models. Li is not overabundant in the cluster short-period binary W134, a result consistent with the predictions of tidal theory and rotational stellar models. The flatness of Li with Teff (mass) persists to 4000 K (∼0.5 M⊙), a morphology in agreement with both standard and rotational stellar models having ages ≲4 Myr. We note that some spectral type–based Teff scales lead to Li abundances in all of the five cooler cluster stars that are 0.3–0.8 dex larger than abundances in the six hotter stars. Interestingly, such behavior also is inferred for the near-initial Li-Teff (mass) morphology of IC 2602 and the Pleiades when model depletion factors are mapped onto their observed current abundances. No physical origin of such an abundance pattern, which might suggest an initial cluster Li abundance over a factor of 2 larger than meteoritic, is identified. Rather, we believe that it is caused by lingering deficiencies in the model depletion predictions and errant spectral type–based relative Teff values; comparison of independent spectral classifications and the effects of their differences on the derived Li abundances provide direct support for the latter. This underscores the need for accurate relative spectroscopic Teff values derived for a larger number of cluster stars from higher quality data. Finally, radial velocities are derived for our NGC 2264 stars. Our heliocentric estimate of 24 km s-1 is in fine agreement with recent determinations from early-type cluster stars, but shows ample scatter. Some candidate pre–main-sequence spectroscopic binaries are noted, including a multiple-lined star not included in the Li study.
Hydrological response to different time scales of climatological drought: an evaluation of the Standardized Precipitation Index in a mountainous Mediterranean basin

Abstract. At present, the Standardized Precipitation Index (SPI) is the most widely used drought index to provide good estimations about the intensity, magnitude and spatial extent of droughts. The main advantage of the SPI in comparison with other indices is the fact that the SPI enables both determination of drought conditions at different time scales and monitoring of different drought types. It is widely accepted that SPI time scales affect different sub-systems in the hydrological cycle due to the fact that the response of the different water usable sources to precipitation shortages can be very different. The long time scales of SPI are related to hydrological droughts (river flows and reservoir storages). Nevertheless, few analyses empirically verify these statements or the usefulness of the SPI time scales to monitor drought. In this paper, the SPI at different time scales is compared with surface hydrological variables in a big closed basin located in the central Spanish Pyrenees. We provide evidence about the way in which the longer (>12 months) SPI time scales may not be useful for drought quantification in this area. In general, the surface flows respond to short SPI time scales whereas the reservoir storages respond to longer time scales (7–10 months). Nevertheless, important seasonal differences can be identified in the SPI-usable water sources relationships. This suggests that it is necessary to test the drought indices and time scales in relation to their usefulness for monitoring different drought types under different environmental conditions and water demand situations.
Alkaline Phosphatase and Leucine Aminopeptidase Association in Plasma of the Chicken

Two electrophoretic vari ants of leucine aminopeptidase show direct association with two genetically controlled forms of alkaline phosphatase. Treatment of plasma with neuraminidase converted the faster-migrating form of both enzymes to slower-moving forms, but plasmas with slowermigrating forms were unaffected by this treatment. The two forms of the enzymes may be due to the presence or absence of a single gene controlling the attachment of sialic acid to the enzyme molecules.
Distribution of inflammation and atrophy in the stomach of Helicobacter pylori-positive and -negative patients with chronic gastritis.

OBJECTIVES To investigate the extent of inflammation and atrophy in the stomach of Helicobacter pylori-positive and -negative patients with chronic gastritis. METHODS Endoscopy with biopsies from the lesser curvatures of the antrum, angulus, middle body, and the greater curvature of the middle body of the stomach was performed in 59 patients with histologically confirmed chronic gastritis. The extent of atrophic gastritis was assessed endoscopically as well histologically. H. pylori status was assessed by histology as well as enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. The histological severity of chronic and acute inflammation, glandular atrophy, and intestinal metaplasia was assessed according to the Sydney system. RESULTS In H. pylori-positive patients, H. pylori was evenly distributed throughout the stomach when the extent of atrophic gastritis was limited to the antrum and the lesser curvature of the body, but disappeared from the antrum of patients with more extensive atrophic gastritis. The severity of acute and chronic inflammation at the greater curvature of the body increased with the extension of atrophic gastritis. In H. pylori-negative patients, the severity of chronic inflammation at the greater curvature of the body was significantly higher in patients with extensive atrophic gastritis than in those with a lesser extent of atrophic gastritis. CONCLUSION At the greater curvature of the body, the development of atrophy is closely associated with the increase in the severity of inflammation, which is more marked in H. pylori-positive patients.
Comparison of severe trauma care effect before and after advanced trauma life support training.

OBJECTIVE To study the emergency care effect of in-hospital severe trauma patients with the injury severity score (ISS) larger than or equal to 16 after medical staff received advanced trauma life support (ATLS) training. METHODS ATLS training was implemented by lectures, scenarios, field practices, and examinations. The clinical effect of in-hospital severe trauma care was compared 2 years before and after ATLS training. RESULTS During 2 years (from January 1, 2004, to December 31, 2005) before ATLS training, 438 cases of severe trauma were admitted and treated emergently in our department. Among them, ISS score was 28.6+/-7.8 on average, and 87 cases died with the mortality of 19.9%. The duration in emergency department and from admission to operation were 69.5 min+/-11.5 min and 89.6 min+/-9.3 min respectively. Two years (from January 1, 2007, to December 31, 2008) after ATLS training, 382 cases of severe trauma were admitted and treated. The ISS was 25.3+/-6.1 on average and 62 cases died with the mortality of 15.1%. The duration in emergency department and from admission to operation were 47.8 min+/-10.7 min and 61.5 min+/-9.9 min respectively. The ISS score showed no significant difference between the two groups (P > 0.05), but the mortality, the duration in emergency department and from admission to operation were markedly decreased after ATLS training and showed significant difference between the two groups (P <0.05). CONCLUSION ATLS course training can improve the emergency care effect of in-hospital severe trauma patients, and should be put into practice as soon as possible in China.
Presumed Arterial Gas Embolism After Breath-Hold Diving in Shallow Water

Dive-related injuries are relatively common, but almost exclusively occur in recreational or scuba diving. We report 2 children with acute central nervous system complications after breath-hold diving. A 12-year-old boy presented with unilateral leg weakness and paresthesia after diving beneath the water surface for a distance of ∼25 m. After ascent, he suddenly felt extreme thoracic pain that resolved spontaneously. Neurologic examination revealed right leg weakness and sensory deficits with a sensory level at T5. Spinal MRI revealed a nonenhancing T2-hyperintense lesion in the central cord at the level of T1/T2 suggesting a spinal cord edema. A few weeks later, a 13-year-old girl was admitted with acute dizziness, personality changes, confusion, and headache. Thirty minutes before, she had practiced diving beneath the water surface for a distance of ∼25 m. After stepping out, she felt sudden severe thoracic pain and lost consciousness. Shortly later she reported headache and vertigo, and numbness of the complete left side of her body. Neurologic examination revealed reduced sensibility to all modalities, a positive Romberg test, and vertigo. Cerebral MRI revealed no pathologic findings. Both children experienced a strikingly similar clinical course. The chronology of events strongly suggests that both patients were suffering from arterial gas embolism. This condition has been reported for the first time to occur in children after breath-hold diving beneath the water surface without glossopharyngeal insufflation.
Bacteriological follow-up of tuberculosis treatment: a comparative study of smear microscopy and culture results at the second month of treatment.

SETTING Significance of a positive bacillary examination of sputum at 2 months of treatment in relation to the viability of the bacilli and the final treatment result. OBJECTIVE To compare the results of smear microscopy and sputum culture at the second month of tuberculosis treatment and to follow the progress of the patients. METHODS Follow-up of 297 patients with smear-positive pulmonary tuberculosis in Madagascar, 152 of whom were smear-positive at 2 months of treatment and 145 smear-negative. The number of bacilli was recorded, as were the culture results and the final outcome of treatment. RESULTS Among the 152 patients who were smear-positive at the second month, 77 (51%) were culture-negative; there were 12 (8%) treatment failures and four relapses (4.6%). Among the 145 smear-negative patients, 22 (15%) were culture-positive, of which one was a treatment failure (1%). CONCLUSION The majority of failures and relapses were observed in the group of smear-positive patients. It is important to reinforce the surveillance of these patients in order to reduce the number lost to follow-up. Furthermore, a positive smear microscopy at the end of the second month is not sufficiently specific for early identification of treatment failures. It is preferable to wait until the fifth month, as the great majority of patients who are positive at 2 months achieve cure. The treatment strategy currently recommended in Madagascar is satisfactory.
An analysis of formal inter-agent dialogues

This paper studies argumentation-based dialogues between agents. It defines a set of locutions by which agents can trade arguments, a set of agent attitudes which relate what arguments an agent can build and what locutions it can make, and a set of protocols by which dialogues can be carried out. The paper then considers some properties of dialogues under the protocols, in particular termination and complexity, and shows how these relate to the agent attitudes.
Predictive factors, microbiology and outcome of patients with parapneumonic effusion

We aimed to determine the incidence, clinical consequences and microbiological findings related to the presence of pleural effusion in community-acquired pneumonia, and to identify predictive factors for empyema/complicated parapneumonic effusion. We analysed 4,715 consecutive patients with community-acquired pneumonia from two acute care hospitals. Patients were classified into three groups: no pleural effusion, uncomplicated parapneumonic effusion and empyema/complicated parapneumonic effusion. A total of 882 (19%) patients had radiological evidence of pleural fluid, of whom 261 (30%) met criteria for empyema/complicated parapneumonic effusion. The most important event related to the presence of uncomplicated parapneumonic effusion was a longer hospital stay. Relevant clinical and microbiological consequences were associated with empyema/complicated parapneumonic effusion. Five independent baseline characteristics could predict the development of empyema/complicated parapneumonic effusion: age <60 yrs (p=0.012), alcoholism (p=0.002), pleuritic pain (p=0.002), tachycardia >100 beats·min−1 (p=0.006) and leukocytosis >15,000 mm−3 (p<0.001). A higher incidence of anaerobes and Gram-positive cocci was found in this subgroup of patients. We conclude that only the development of empyema/complicated parapneumonic effusion carried relevant consequences; this condition should be suspected in the presence of some baseline characteristics and managed by using antimicrobials active against Gram-positive cocci and anaerobes.
Distributed minimum outage removal algorithm for multi-rate CDMA wireless communication systems

In this paper we propose heuristic and efficient algorithm to minimize the dropped connections in real time congested communication networks. This problem can be classified as combinatorial optimization problem. It is well known that there is no general closed form solution for this type of problems. Furthermore finding the optimal solutions in medium and large size cases of these problems is usually very expensive. Our proposed heuristic algorithm is very simple to implement and gives a close solution to the optimum in many different cases.
Ecosystem metabolism controls nitrogen uptake in streams in Grand Teton National Park, Wyoming

Streams and rivers regulate nitrogen transport (N) to downstream ecosystems. Rates of N uptake can be high in streams, but controls on the variation in uptake rates of N among streams are not known. We measured ammonium (NH+4) and nitrate (NO−3 ) uptake velocities (Vf) and compared these with whole‐reach estimates of gross primary production (GPP) and community respiration (CR) in 11 low‐nitrogen streams in Grand Teton National Park, Wyoming. We predicted that increased metabolism would positively relate to higher N demand because of stoichiometric N requirements associated with carbon fixation. Rates of GPP and CR explained 82% of variation in NH+4 Vf. Nitrate Vf was controlled by GPP, not CR, with GPP explaining 75% of variation in NO−3 Vf. Nitrate concentrations did not increase downstream during NH+4 addition in all streams, including streams with zero NO−3 uptake, suggesting low nitrification rates relative to NH+4 uptake. Using a stoichiometric model, we show that areal N uptake estimated from microbial and algal production was similar to measured areal N uptake. High primary production could be a prerequisite for streams exhibiting high NO−3 uptake rates.
Religious Identification and Marriage Patterns in Australia

This study analyzed religious marriage patterns among Australian couples. Results obtained by log-linear modeling techniques indicated that husbands and wives tend to choose conjugal partners with religious identifications, or non-identifications, identical to their own. Homogeneity along religious and non-religious lines is a characteristic feature of Australian marriage patterns. This pattern is strongest among Other Protestants, notably weaker among Catholics, Liberal Protestants, and Independents, and weakest of all among Anglicans.
Impact of Curing Protocol on Conversion and Shrinkage Stress

Since considerable shrinkage stress develops during the curing of dental composites, various soft-start photocuring protocols, aiming to lower stress but not compromise conversion, have been proposed. We hypothesized that utilizing soft-start photocuring will result in not only reduced stress, but also decreased conversion. We evaluated the impact of 3 protocols (soft-start, pulse, and standard) on the stress development and polymerization extent of an experimental composite. A novel set-up capable of simultaneous shrinkage stress, conversion, and temperature measurements on the same specimen was utilized. Analysis of the data shows that stress rises dramatically as a function of conversion in the vitrified state, and the utilization of soft-start or pulse curing results in specimens with reduced final conversion and shrinkage stress, compared with specimens cured according to the standard full-intensity protocol. Finally, this study demonstrates that the predominant reason for the reduced shrinkage stress attained with soft-start or pulse curing is a modest decrease in final conversion.
Communicative acts and interaction protocols in a distributed information system

In FIPA-style multi-agent systems, agents coordinate their activities by sending messages representing particular communicative acts (or performatives). Agent communication languages must strike a balance between simplicity and expressiveness by defining a limited set of communicative act types that fit the communication needs of a wide set of problems. More complex requirements for particular problems must then be handled by defining domain-specific predicates and actions within ontologies. This paper examines the communication needs of a multi-agent distributed information retrieval system and discusses how well these are met by the FIPA ACL.
Kernel Reference Set and Its Computation Algorithm

This paper proposes a new concept of graphs: kernel reference set. A kernel reference set is a fraction of vertices in a graph such that if their positions are known, positions of all other vertices can be derived from information of the distance matrix. We present an algorithm to find kernel reference set of graphs. Because the problem of kernel reference set is firstly proposed in this paper, and the theoretical limit of computation complexity is unknown currently. So we implement our algorithm with C to do the simulation. From simulation results, we verified the validity of our algorithm and evaluate its performance. Inspired by anchor nodes in wireless sensor networks, kernel reference set could be used to analyze anchorbased localization schemes of WSNs applications such as coalmine security monitoring, etc.
Efficient Mitigation of Frequency-Selective I/Q Imbalance in OFDM Receivers

I/Q imbalance is one of the main practical obstacles in the implementation of direct-conversion receivers. This paper presents novel DSP-based techniques for the estimation and compensation of frequency-selective receiver I/Q imbalances in OFDM systems. The estimation is based on a special pilot or preamble structure, and frequency-domain smoothing is utilized to effectively reduce the effect of noise. Reliable estimation is attained with a minimum of two OFDM symbols. Further, it is shown that estimation of frequency-selective I/Q imbalance and the frequency-selective radio channel can be decoupled, which is beneficial from the computational complexity point of view. Simulation analysis shows impressive performance with fast convergence.
circulantes no período de margem do ritual de passagem: o caso dos peritos criminais em estágio probatório

El objetivo de esa investigacion es identificar las representaciones sociales construidas por los peritos criminales en curso probatorio, o sea, en el periodo de margen del ritual de pasaje. La concepcion de ritual que nortea el articulo esta basada en los autores Turner (1974), Van Gennep (1978), DaMatta (1978, 1983), Riviere (1997), Segalen (2000) y Peirano (2003) y es definida como un momento extraordinario donde los valores y conocimientos son presentados a los novatos como una manera de ponerlos en el universo cultural donde estan ingresando. Las representaciones sociales construidas a lo largo de ese periodo van presentar caracteristicas propias a la posicion ocupada por los novatos. Tenemos que las representaciones sociales segun Sperber (2001), en una vision antropologica, surgen de una composicion articulada alrededor de la representacion en si mismo, del contenido de esa representacion, de un usuario y de un productor (que en algunos casos puede ser el propio usuario). Las representaciones mentales son aquellas construidas en el interior del usuario. Las representaciones publicas son las representaciones mentales compartidas entre las personas de un determinado grupo. Los sujetos integrantes de una comunidad o grupo social, en cada uno hay una gama de representaciones donde parte de ese saber o de esas representaciones seran cuando publicas compartidas entre los integrantes del grupo. Asi, los sujetos van a construir sus representaciones mentales iguales a que originalmente fue publicada. El metodo etnografico permitio acompanar los ingresantes desde el periodo de la separacion hasta el momento de la margen. La observacion participante y simple fue empleada desde mayo de 2009 hasta junio de 2012 junto a los novatos. Las representaciones circulantes en la fase de la liminaridad contemplaron el trabajo como: desgaste emocional, un valor positivo, interfiriendo en la vida familiar, identificado como CSI, positivo y negativo a los ojos de la policia, humor sarcastico y falta de recursos. Cabe destacar que la humildad y las criticas acompanadas de aspectos positivos se accionaron, aunque los novatos fuesen ingresantes del sector publico, lo que confirma las tesis elaboradas por antropologos que enfatizan la humildad y el comedimiento como comportamientos esperados en la fase de margen del ritual de pasaje.
A photometric mode identification method, including an improved non-adiabatic treatment of the atmosphere

We present an improved version of the method of photometric mode identification of Heynderickx et al. ([CITE]). Our new version is based on the inclusion of precise non-adiabatic eigenfunctions determined in the outer stellar atmosphere according to the formalism recently proposed by Dupret et al. ([CITE]). Our improved photometric mode identification technique is therefore no longer dependent on ad hoc parameters for the non-adiabatic effects. It contains the complete physical conditions of the outer atmosphere of the star, provided that rotation does not play a key role. We apply our method to the two slowly pulsating B stars HD 74560 and HD 138764 and to the β Cephei star EN (16) Lac. Besides identifying the degree $\ell$ of the pulsating stars, our method is also a tool for improving the knowledge of stellar interiors and atmospheres, by imposing constraints on parameters such as the metallicity and the mixing-length parameter α (a procedure we label non-adiabatic asteroseismology).