Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Measuring exposure to protobacco marketing and media: a field study using ecological momentary assessment.

INTRODUCTION The aims of this study were to validate ecological momentary assessment (EMA) as a method for measuring exposure to tobacco-related marketing and media and to use this method to provide detailed descriptive data on college students' exposure to protobacco marketing and media. METHODS College students (n = 134; ages 18-24 years) recorded their exposures to protobacco marketing and media on handheld devices for 21 consecutive days. Participants also recalled exposures to various types of protobacco marketing and media at the end of the study period. RESULTS Retrospectively recalled and EMA-based estimates of protobacco marketing exposure captured different information. The correlation between retrospectively recalled and EMA-logged exposures to tobacco marketing and media was moderate (r = .37, p < .001), and EMA-logged exposures were marginally associated with the intention to smoke at the end of the study, whereas retrospective recall of exposure was not. EMA data showed that college students were exposed to protobacco marketing through multiple channels in a relatively short period: Exposures (M = 8.24, SD = 7.85) occurred primarily in the afternoon (42%), on weekends (35%), and at point-of-purchase locations (68%) or in movies/TV (20%), and exposures to Marlboro, Newport, and Camel represented 56% of all exposures combined and 70% of branded exposures. CONCLUSIONS Findings support the validity of EMA as a method for capturing detailed information about youth exposure to protobacco marketing and media that are not captured through other existing methods. Such data have the potential to highlight areas for policy change and prevention in order to reduce the impact of tobacco marketing on youth.
Study on welding thermal cycle and residual stress of UNS S32304 duplex stainless steel selected as external shield for a transport packaging of Mo-99

Thin plates of duplex stainless steel UNS S32304 were welded using the pulsed gas tungsten arc GTAW process (butt joint) without filler addition. The used shielding gas was pure argon and 98% argon plus 2% of nitrogen. The thermal cycles were acquired during welding, in regions near the melting pool. This alloy is candidate for the external clad of a cask for the transport of high activity radiopharmaceuticals substances. For the residual stress measurements in austenite phase an X-ray diffractometer was used in a Bragg-Brentano geometry with CuKα radiation (λ= 0.154 nm) and for ferrite phase was used a pseudo-parallel geometry with CrKα radiation (λ= 0.2291nm). The results of residual stress using sin2y methodology shown that the influence of the high welding temperature leads to compressive stresses for both phase of the duplex steels mainly in heat-affected zone. It was observed a high temperature peak and an increase of the mean residual stress after addition of nitrogen to the argon shielding gas.
Micro‐computed X‐ray tomography: a new non‐destructive method of assessing sectional, fly‐through and 3D imaging of a soft‐bodied marine worm

The detailed examination of the internal and functional anatomy of soft‐bodied marine worms has, until now, only been possible using the time consuming and destructive techniques of dissection, histology and electron microscopy. This is the first description of soft body morphology in polychaetes (Nephtys hombergii) derived by means of a bench‐top X‐ray micro‐CT scanner. The data are augmented, for comparison, by dissections, microscopy and scanning electron microscopy of the same species to show how this non‐destructive technique can rapidly and reliably produce high‐quality morphological data. It can also be applied to rare or unique invertebrate soft tissue material from museum collections and also to large‐scale invertebrate comparative anatomical studies possibly leading to greater evolutionary and taxonomic understanding. High‐definition images were obtained without the use of special tissue enhancing stains or radio‐opaque fluids and it is believed that this is the first time the technique has been successfully applied to this group of invertebrates. Extrapolation of the sectional imaging of regions of the gut and the production of three‐dimensional rotating and ‘fly‐through’ imaging can assist in assessment of aspects of functional anatomy.
Cloud security architecture based on user authentication and symmetric key cryptographic techniques

Cloud computing environment gives people to share resources, services and information. This environment is adopted by large number of organizations, so the rapid transition towards the cloud has fuelled concerns on security perspective. Encryption algorithms play main role in solving such kind of problems in the cloud computing environment. This paper proposes the structure for cloud security with efficient security in communication system and AES based file encryption system. This security architecture can be easily applied on PaaS, IaaS and SaaS and one time password provides extra security in the authenticating users. This paper presents the security of whole cloud computing environment.
Mean shift based orientation and location tracking of targets

The mean shift based tracking algorithm has achieved considerable success in tracking targets' location due to its simplicity and robustness. It finds local minima of a similarity measure between the color histograms or kernel density estimates of the model and target image. However, it can't track the targets' orientation. This paper proposed a novel mean shift based tracking method that can track both location and orientation of targets. It was realized by proposing an orientation tracking method that utilized the probability density distribution of the target gradient angle as the feature and constructed a similarity function that can be optimized by mean shift method, thus orientation tracking was transformed into an optimization problem. Thanks to the fast convergence of mean shift, this method can be run in real-time. A complete tracking method was constructed by using alternate iteration of the orientation tracking and Meer's location tracking algorithm.
Conformational Analysis of TMC114, a Novel HIV-1 Protease Inhibitor

TMC114, a potent novel HIV-1 protease inhibitor, remains active against a broad spectrum of mutant viruses. In order to bind to a variety of mutants, the compound needs to make strong, preferably backbone, interactions and have enough conformational flexibility to adapt to the changing geometry of the active site. The conformational analysis of TMC114 in the gas phase yielded 43 conformers in which five types of intramolecular H-bond interactions could be observed. All 43 conformers were subject to both rigid and flexible ligand docking in the wild-type and a triple mutant (L63P/V82T/I84V) of HIV-1 protease. The largest binding energy was calculated for the conformations that are close to the conformation observed in the X-ray complexes of TMC114 and HIV-1 protease.
Detecting controversies in Twitter: a first study

Social media gives researchers a great opportunity to understand how the public feels and thinks about a variety of topics, from political issues to entertainment choices. While previous research has explored the likes and dislikes of audiences, we focus on a related but different task of detecting controversies involving popular entities, and understanding their causes. Intuitively, if people hotly debate an entity in a given period of time, there is a good chance of a controversy occurring. Consequently, we use Twitter data, boosted with knowledge extracted from the Web, as a starting approach: This paper introduces our task, an initial method and encouraging early results.
The Aetiology, Prevention and Treatment of Chronic Bronchitis*

No one can pretend that the treatment of chronic bronchitis at the present time is anything but profoundly unsatisfactory. No attempts are made at prevention, whilst treatment of the established case depends to a large extent upon the depth of the patient's purse, and consists of a bottle of cough mixture for the poor patient, and advice to winter in South Africa for his wealthier fellow-sufferer. It is therefore quite clear that a reconsideration of the whole problem is urgently indicated, especially as this disease is well known to be an extremely common condition in England, and one of great economic importance, extending in most cases over many years of the patient's working life, and rendering him year by year progressively less capable of following his occupation. The final result is likely to be a state of miserable invalidism, the patient himself crippled by prohibitive shortness of breath, and both he and his family irritated beyond endurance by his constant ineffectual coughing.
Biomarkers in Prostate Cancer Epidemiology

Understanding the etiology of a disease such as prostate cancer may help in identifying populations at high risk, timely intervention of the disease, and proper treatment. Biomarkers, along with exposure history and clinical data, are useful tools to achieve these goals. Individual risk and population incidence of prostate cancer result from the intervention of genetic susceptibility and exposure. Biochemical, epigenetic, genetic, and imaging biomarkers are used to identify people at high risk for developing prostate cancer. In cancer epidemiology, epigenetic biomarkers offer advantages over other types of biomarkers because they are expressed against a person's genetic background and environmental exposure, and because abnormal events occur early in cancer development, which includes several epigenetic alterations in cancer cells. This article describes different biomarkers that have potential use in studying the epidemiology of prostate cancer. We also discuss the characteristics of an ideal biomarker for prostate cancer, and technologies utilized for biomarker assays. Among epigenetic biomarkers, most reports indicate GSTP1 hypermethylation as the diagnostic marker for prostate cancer; however, NKX2-5, CLSTN1, SPOCK2, SLC16A12, DPYS, and NSE1 also have been reported to be regulated by methylation mechanisms in prostate cancer. Current challenges in utilization of biomarkers in prostate cancer diagnosis and epidemiologic studies and potential solutions also are discussed.
Simplest ODE Equivalents of Chua's equations

The so-called elementary canonical state models of the third-order piecewise-linear (PWL) dynamical systems, as the simplest ODE equivalents of Chua's equations, are presented. Their mutual relations using the linear topological conjugacy are demonstrated in order to show in detail that Chua's equations and their canonical ODE equivalents represent various forms of qualitatively equivalent models of third-order dynamical systems. New geometrical aspects of the corresponding transformations together with examples of typical chaotic attractors in the stereoscopic view, give the possibility of a deeper insight into the third-order system dynamics.
Regulation of Central Nervous System Myelination in Higher Brain Functions

The hippocampus and the prefrontal cortex are interconnected brain regions, playing central roles in higher brain functions, including learning and memory, planning complex cognitive behavior, and moderating social behavior. The axons in these regions continue to be myelinated into adulthood in humans, which coincides with maturation of personality and decision-making. Myelin consists of dense layers of lipid membranes wrapping around the axons to provide electrical insulation and trophic support and can profoundly affect neural circuit computation. Recent studies have revealed that long-lasting changes of myelination can be induced in these brain regions by experience, such as social isolation, stress, and alcohol abuse, as well as by neurological and psychiatric abnormalities. However, the mechanism and function of these changes remain poorly understood. Myelin regulation represents a new form of neural plasticity. Some progress has been made to provide new mechanistic insights into activity-independent and activity-dependent regulations of myelination in different experimental systems. More extensive investigations are needed in this important but underexplored research field, in order to shed light on how higher brain functions and myelination interplay in the hippocampus and prefrontal cortex.
Scanning Electron Microscope Study of Ancient Parasite Eggs Recovered From Korean Mummies of the Joseon Dynasty

Abstract We have previously shown that parasite eggs have been identified in the coprolites of Korean mummies. These eggs have shed light on parasitic infection patterns in Korean populations living several hundred years ago. We conducted a scanning electron microscopy (SEM) study on ancient Trichuris trichiura, Ascaris lumbricoides, Metagonimus yokogawai, Paragonimus westermani, and Gymnophalloides seoi eggs recovered from Korean mummies of the Joseon Dynasty. We anticipated that the taphonomic conditions of mummification would alter the eggs of certain species but not of others. Our SEM data show that each species of ancient egg exhibited different degrees of preservation. Thus, some of them, for example, M. yokogawai, exhibited a better preservation status than others, suggesting that they should be the first candidates considered when choosing subjects for future paleoparasitological studies.
Immunosuppressive therapies in the management of acquired immune-mediated marrow failures

Purpose of reviewImmunosuppression is a key treatment strategy for patients suffering from aplastic anemia or related immune-mediated bone marrow failure syndromes. Several attempts have been performed to improve the standard immunosuppression regimen of horse antithymocyte globulin (h-ATG) and cyclosporine A (CyA). Recent findingsThe addition of a third immunosuppression agent to h-ATG + CyA did not result in any improvement. Antilymphocyte agents other than h-ATG have been investigated. A rabbit-ATG preparation, which was known to be more immunosuppressive than h-ATG, resulted in markedly inferior outcome in a large randomized study from the National Institutes of Health. These data seem to be confirmed in additional experiences with rabbit-ATG from other groups. Cyclophosphamide and alemtuzumab have been proven to be biologically active in small studies, but available data suggest inferior outcomes when compared with h-ATG. All these alternative agents result in a more pronounced lymphocyte depletion, suggesting that the actual mechanisms of action of immunosuppressive therapy in aplastic anemia are not fully understood. SummaryImmunosuppression by h-ATG and CyA remains the standard of care for aplastic anemia patients lacking a low-risk transplant procedure, resulting in a 60–70% response rate. Rabbit-ATG, cyclophosphamide and alemtuzumab demonstrated a biological activity, but resulted in inferior outcome as compared with h-ATG; thus, they are not recommended as front-line therapy of aplastic anemia.
Knowledge-based modeling of peptides at protein interfaces: PiPreD

MOTIVATION Protein-protein interactions (PPIs) underpin virtually all cellular processes both in health and disease. Modulating the interaction between proteins by means of small (chemical) agents is therefore a promising route for future novel therapeutic interventions. In this context, peptides are gaining momentum as emerging agents for the modulation of PPIs. RESULTS We reported a novel computational, structure and knowledge-based approach to model orthosteric peptides to target PPIs: PiPreD. PiPreD relies on a precompiled and bespoken library of structural motifs, iMotifs, extracted from protein complexes and a fast structural modeling algorithm driven by the location of native chemical groups on the interface of the protein target named anchor residues. PiPreD comprehensive and systematically samples the entire interface deriving peptide conformations best suited for the given region on the protein interface. PiPreD complements the existing technologies and provides new solutions for the disruption of selected interactions. AVAILABILITY AND IMPLEMENTATION Database and accessory scripts and programs are available upon request to the authors or at http://www.bioinsilico. org/PIPRED. CONTACT narcis.fernandez@gmail.com.
Non-Disjunction as Proof of the Chromosome Theory of Heredity.

Page 15, table 1, column 4, for "158" read "138". Page 16, line 7, for "1146" read "1246". Page 30, table 16, heading, for "we" read "w". Page 42, table 34 A , pedigree 1320, under heading wevf s, for "— —" read "47". Page 43, table 34 C , pedigree 1348, under sf, for "49" read "39". Page
Pulmonary Effects of Indoor- and Outdoor-Generated Particles in Children with Asthma

Most particulate matter (PM) health effects studies use outdoor (ambient) PM as a surrogate for personal exposure. However, people spend most of their time indoors exposed to a combination of indoor-generated particles and ambient particles that have infiltrated. Thus, it is important to investigate the differential health effects of indoor- and ambient-generated particles. We combined our recently adapted recursive model and a predictive model for estimating infiltration efficiency to separate personal exposure (E) to PM2.5 (PM with aerodynamic diameter ≤2.5 μm) into its indoor-generated (Eig) and ambient-generated (Eag) components for 19 children with asthma. We then compared Eig and Eag to changes in exhaled nitric oxide (eNO), a marker of airway inflammation. Based on the recursive model with a sample size of eight children, Eag was marginally associated with increases in eNO [5.6 ppb per 10-μg/m3 increase in PM2.5; 95% confidence interval (CI), −0.6 to 11.9; p = 0.08]. Eig was not associated with eNO (−0.19 ppb change per 10μg/m3). Our predictive model allowed us to estimate Eag and Eig for all 19 children. For those combined estimates, only Eag was significantly associated with an increase in eNO (Eag: 5.0 ppb per 10-μg/m3 increase in PM2.5; 95% CI, 0.3 to 9.7; p = 0.04; Eig: 3.3 ppb per 10-μg/m3 increase in PM2.5; 95% CI, −1.1 to 7.7; p = 0.15). Effects were seen only in children who were not using corticosteroid therapy. We conclude that the ambient-generated component of PM2.5 exposure is consistently associated with increases in eNO and the indoor-generated component is less strongly associated with eNO.
Tip Me!: Tipping is Changing Social Interactions on Live Streams in China

Live streaming is a proliferating social media generating special social interactions on the platforms especially in China. For example, tipping in live streaming, in which viewers buy virtual gifts to reward the streamers. This paper explores people's tipping behaviors and how it impacts interactions between viewers and streamers. We analyzed 12 videos of live streams by labeling the viewer-streamer interactions, and found that viewers were motivated by the reciprocal acts of streamers. Furthermore, we interviewed 5 streamers to understand their motivations behind the viewer-streamer interactions. Our future study would investigate tipping motivations from the viewers' perspective.
On the Power of Optical Contactless Probing: Attacking Bitstream Encryption of FPGAs

Modern Integrated Circuits (ICs) employ several classes of countermeasures to mitigate physical attacks. Recently, a powerful semi-invasive attack relying on optical contactless probing has been introduced, which can assist the attacker in circumventing the integrated countermeasures and probe the secret data on a chip. This attack can be mounted using IC debug tools from the backside of the chip. The first published attack based on this technique was conducted against a proof-of-concept hardware implementation on a Field Programmable Gate Array (FPGA). Therefore, the success of optical probing techniques against a real commercial device without any knowledge of the hardware implementation is still questionable. The aim of this work is to assess the threat of optical contactless probing in a real attack scenario. To this end, we conduct an optical probing attack against the bitstream encryption feature of a common FPGA. We demonstrate that the adversary is able to extract the plaintext data containing sensitive design information and intellectual property (IP). In contrast to previous optical attacks from the IC backside, our attack does not require any device preparation or silicon polishing, which makes it a non-invasive attack. Additionally, we debunk the myth that small technology sizes are unsusceptible to optical attacks, as we use an optical resolution of about 1 um to successfully attack a 28 nm device. Based on our time measurements, an attacker needs less than 10 working days to conduct the optical analysis and reverse-engineer the security-related parts of the hardware. Finally, we propose and discuss potential countermeasures, which could make the attack more challenging.
Sirolimus-Eluting Stent for the Treatment of In-Stent Restenosis: A Quantitative Coronary Angiography and Three-Dimensional Intravascular Ultrasound Study

Background—We have previously reported the safety and effectiveness of sirolimus-eluting stents for the treatment of de novo coronary lesions. The present investigation explored the potential of this technology to treat in-stent restenosis. Methods and Results—Twenty-five patients with in-stent restenosis were successfully treated with the implantation of 1 or 2 sirolimus-eluting Bx VELOCITY stents in São Paulo, Brazil. Nine patients received 2 stents (1.4 stents per lesion). Angiographic and volumetric intravascular ultrasound (IVUS) images were obtained after the procedure and at 4 and 12 months. All vessels were patent at the time of 12-month angiography. Angiographic late loss averaged 0.07±0.2 mm in-stent and −0.05±0.3 mm in-lesion at 4 months, and 0.36±0.46 mm in-stent and 0.16±0.42 mm in-lesion after 12 months. No patient had in-stent or stent margin restenosis at 4 months, and only one patient developed in-stent restenosis at 1-year follow-up. Intimal hyperplasia by 3-dimensional IVUS was 0.92±1.9 mm3 at 4 months and 2.55±4.9 mm3 after 1 year. Percent volume obstruction was 0.81±1.7% and 1.76±3.4% at the 4- and 12-month follow-up, respectively. There was no evidence of stent malapposition either acutely or in the follow-up IVUS images, and there were no deaths, stent thromboses, or repeat revascularizations. Conclusion—This study demonstrates the safety and the potential utility of sirolimus-eluting Bx VELOCITY stents for the treatment of in-stent restenosis.
Evaluation of Commonly Used Anthelmintics Resistance Against Nematodes Infection in Different Breeds of Sheep in Balochistan

In present study, four sheep breeds (i.e., Balochi, Rakhshani, Karakul and Cross) were evaluated for resistance with three anthelmintics (Oxfendazole. Levamisole and Ivermectin) against nematodes (Haemonchus, Trichostrongylus, Nematodirus and Ostertagia) between April 2011 to March 2012 at Maslakh Sheep Farm, Pishin district, Balochistan. The overall results showed that there was reduction of EPG between 95% to 99% indicating the susceptibility of these anthelmintics against nematodes in the study area. The results of egg hatch test showed LC 50 less than 0. 1µg/ml of oxfendazole. This indicated that no resistance was found in eggs hatching to oxfendazole. In addition, the Egg hatch test also confirmed the result of Faecal Egg Count Reduction Test. The qualitative examination of faecal samples after Coproculture revealed four gastrointestinal nematode genera, Haemonchus contortus, Trichostrongylus, Nematodirus and Ostertagia.