Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Performance of a GPU-based Direct Summation Algorithm for Computation of Small Angle Scattering Profile

Small Angle Scattering (SAS) of X-rays or neutrons is an experimental technique that provides valuable structural information for biological macromolecules under physiological conditions and with no limitation on the molecular size. In order to refine molecular structure against experimental SAS data, ab initio prediction of the scattering profile must be recomputed hundreds of thousands of times, which involves the computation of the sinc kernel over all pairs of atoms in a molecule. The quadratic computational complexity of predicting the SAS profile limits the size of the molecules and and has been a major impediment for integration of SAS data into structure refinement protocols. In order to significantly speed up prediction of the SAS profile we present a general purpose graphical processing unit (GPU) algorithm, written in OpenCL, for the summation of the sinc kernel (Debye summation) over all pairs of atoms. This program is an order of magnitude faster than a parallel CPU algorithm, and faster than an FMM-like approximation method for certain input domains. We show that our algorithm is currently the fastest method for performing SAS computation for small and medium size molecules (around 50000 atoms or less). This algorithm is critical for quick and accurate SAS profile computation of elongated structures, such as DNA, RNA, and sparsely spaced pseudo-atom molecules.
Hippocampal neuropathology of domoic acid–induced epilepsy in California sea lions (Zalophus californianus)

California sea lions (Zalophus californianus) are abundant human‐sized carnivores with large gyrencephalic brains. They develop epilepsy after experiencing status epilepticus when naturally exposed to domoic acid. We tested whether sea lions previously exposed to DA (chronic DA sea lions) display hippocampal neuropathology similar to that of human patients with temporal lobe epilepsy. Hippocampi were obtained from control and chronic DA sea lions. Stereology was used to estimate numbers of Nissl‐stained neurons per hippocampus in the granule cell layer, hilus, and pyramidal cell layer of CA3, CA2, and CA1 subfields. Adjacent sections were processed for somatostatin immunoreactivity or Timm‐stained, and the extent of mossy fiber sprouting was measured stereologically. Chronic DA sea lions displayed hippocampal neuron loss in patterns and extents similar but not identical to those reported previously for human patients with temporal lobe epilepsy. Similar to human patients, hippocampal sclerosis in sea lions was unilateral in 79% of cases, mossy fiber sprouting was a common neuropathological abnormality, and somatostatin‐immunoreactive axons were exuberant in the dentate gyrus despite loss of immunopositive hilar neurons. Thus, hippocampal neuropathology of chronic DA sea lions is similar to that of human patients with temporal lobe epilepsy. J. Comp. Neurol. 522:1691–1706, 2014. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Elevating Fingerprint Matching with a Unified dHash, SIFT, and LSH Model

User authentication is essential for maintaining the security, privacy, and integrity of systems and data. It ensures that only authorized individuals can access specific resources, applications, or sensitive information, preventing potential data breaches, unauthorized modifications, or malicious activities. Biometric identification, particularly fingerprint recognition, has revolutionized authentication. This research paper proposes combining cutting-edge algorithms such as dHash, SIFT-Harris feature points, and Locality-Sensitive hashes to create a more efficient fingerprint-matching system. It aims to improve matching accuracy, data breach avoidance, robustness, and processing speed in fingerprint recognition systems. The final proposed model works for almost all altered (obliteration, central rotation, and z-cut) images. A total of 55,273 images were tested, giving an accuracy of 0.99.
The Legacy of Lynching and Southern Homicide

This article assesses the influence of the legacy of lynching on homicide levels within the contemporary South. Drawing upon literature relating to the brutalizing effects of capital punishment and “self-help” in the absence of access to formal law, this study hypothesizes that a measure of the frequency of lynching in the past will exhibit positive effects on contemporary homicide levels for the overall population and for race-specific populations (white and black offending). The results of negative binomial regression analyses of counties and county-clusters in the South are generally consistent with expectations. The measure of lynching exhibits consistently positive effects on overall homicide levels and levels of black offending in models with controls for other theoretically relevant covariates. For whites, the effect of lynching emerges for a particular type of homicide: interracial homicides that evolve out of interpersonal conflicts. At a general level, our findings underscore the relevance of the historical context for understanding variation in contemporary levels of homicide.
Parameter Estimation of Neuroachfet Circuit using Advanced Algorithm for Application in Neurology

In 1952, Hodgkin-Huxley have developed an electronic circuit describing the biophysical nature of a neuron. Acetylcholine field effect transistor (AchFET) has been developed in this paper for detection of Acetylcholine (neurotransmitter) and then the AchFET is used in an electronic circuit to reproduce neuronal signals. AchFET is an enzyme field effect transistor (ENFET) fabricated by immobilizing acetylcholine in the gate terminal for proper detection of Acetylcholine. The neuron signals obtained from the circuit using AchFET is named as NEUROAchFET (Neuro Acetylcholine field effect transistor). In the next step, estimation of parameters is done using Firefly Algorithm for signals obtained from the NEURO AchFET. There are various parameters related to neuron signals described in this paper and estimation are done for NEUROAchFET circuit to validate the circuit. Firefly algorithm is used since it is an advanced algorithm and proved to be better than other metaheuristic algorithms. Keywords: Neuron, Acetlycholine, Hodgkin-Huxley, NeuroAchFET, Firefly Algorithm.
Optimal feedforward controller design for periodic inputs

This article presents an optimal design methodology for feedforward controllers that face periodic reference/disturbance inputs. The feedforward controller is parametrised as a finite impulse response filter, and its parameters are computed to minimise the worst-case tracking error in the presence of uncertainty on the input period and the plant model. Numerical results indicate that for nonminimum-phase systems exploiting the periodic input characteristics in the feedforward controller design is worthwhile, and reveal the superiority of the developed design methodology with respect to current design approaches when period-time and/or plant uncertainty is present.
Electric Vehicle Charging Load Prediction Based On Real-Time Road Traffic

As an environment-friendly transportation, electric vehicles have the characteristics of both transportation and mobile load, and they have great uncertainty in travel time and space, which are two important factors affecting the charging load prediction of electric vehicles. The prediction of EV charging load considering spatiotemporal distribution is of great significance for studying its interaction with the power grid and the location and capacity determination of EV charging stations. In this paper, an EV load prediction method based on residual neural network considering spatial and temporal distribution is proposed after analyzing the behavioral habits of three objects, namely, private cars, cabs and public vehicles, to start with. Firstly, a travel probability model is established based on the travel habits of users, then the real-time traffic flow predicted by the residual neural network framework taking into account the date, weather, temperature and other factors is used to invert the starting and finishing points of EVs, then the vehicle travel speed and power consumption are calculated based on the traffic flow, and finally the continuous change of battery charge state is considered, and the charging load model of EVs is established based on the Monte Carlo method.
Job-Family Role Strain among Employed Single Mothers of Preschoolers.

This article examines correlates of job-family strain in 160 Canadian employed single mothers with preschoolers. Strain was positively related to hours worked, number of children, and child's age and negatively associated with more positive attitudes to work and higher work satisfaction. Child care variables were not associated with strain, suggesting further study to elucidate what aspects of the process of finding child care, or the child care setting itself, may contribute to job/family strain.
Random Generators and Normal Numbers

Pursuant to the authors' previous chaotic-dynamical model for random digits of fundamental constants [Bailey and Crandall 01], we investigate a complementary, statistical picture in which pseudorandom number generators (PRNGs) are central. Some rigorous results are achieved: We establish b-normality for constants of the form Σ 1/(b mi c ni) for certain sequences (mi), (ni) of integers. This work unifies and extends previously known classes of explicit normals. We prove that for coprime b, c > 1 the constant α b,c = Σ n=c,c 2,c 3 , … 1/(nb n ) is b-normal, thus generalizing the Stoneham class of normals [Stoneham 73a]. Our approach also reproves b-normality for the Korobov class [Korobov 90] β b, c d , for which the summation index n above runs instead over powers cd , cd2 , cd3 , … with d > 1. Eventually we describe an uncountable class of explicit normals that succumb to the PRNG approach. Numbers of the α,β classes share with fundamental constants such as π, log 2 the property that isolated digits can be directly calculated, but for these new classes such computation tends to be surprisingly rapid. For example, we find that the googol-th (i.e., 10100 -th) binary bit of α2,3 is 0. We also present a collection of other results—such as digit-density results and irrationality proofs based on PRNG ideas—for various special numbers.
Toll/Interleukin-1 Receptor Domain Dimers as the Platform for Activation and Enhanced Inhibition of Toll-like Receptor Signaling*

Background: TIR domains mediate TLR signaling and are hijacked for immunosuppression by bacteria. Results: Tethering of TIR domains or their dimerization by fusion with coiled-coil segment strongly improved inhibition of TLR signaling. Conclusion: The presence of a coiled-coil segment in bacterial TCPs potentiates inhibition while preventing the constitutive activity of TIR domain dimer. Significance: Dimeric TIR domain represents the platform for the formation of Myddosome. TIR (Toll/IL-1 receptor) domains mediate interactions between TLR (Toll-like) or IL-1 family receptors and signaling adapters. While homotypic TIR domain interactions mediate receptor activation they are also usurped by microbial TIR domain containing proteins for immunosuppression. Here we show the role of a dimerized TIR domain platform for the suppression as well as for the activation of MyD88 signaling pathway. Coiled-coil dimerization domain, present in many bacterial TCPs, potently augments suppression of TLR/IL-1R signaling. The addition of a strong coiled-coil dimerization domain conferred the superior inhibition against the wide spectrum of TLRs and prevented the constitutive activation by a dimeric TIR platform. We propose a molecular model of MyD88-mediated signaling based on the dimerization of TIR domains as the limiting step.
Intrusion Detection Using Artificial Intelligence Techniques: Review

The rising frequency of cyberattacks emphasizes the vital necessity for resilient Intrusion Detection Systems (IDS) to safeguard computer networks, focusing on the application of artificial intelligence approaches. This study delivers a comprehensive overview of intrusion detection methodologies. The review includes a thorough examination of current research articles that present innovative intrusion detection methods. The realm of intrusion detection delves into diverse artificial intelligence approaches, encompassing ensemble learning, meta-learning, deep learning algorithms, and traditional machine learning techniques. One of the primary accomplishments assessed in the articles is the effective utilization of deep learning techniques, including CNN, LSTM, and DNN, resulting in remarkable detection accuracies. The effectiveness of ensemble fusion and feature-level aggregation in boosting the prediction potential of machine-learning models is demonstrated by the novel meta-learning system INFUSE. The adaptability of intrusion detection models is further demonstrated by the application of attention mechanisms, adaptive voting algorithms, and ensemble methodologies. Even though these approaches have shown promising results, some drawbacks are noted, including difficulties with real-world implementation, the requirement for better feature selection, and inadequacies in comprehensive evaluations.
Compressive Sensing Image Sensors-Hardware Implementation

The compressive sensing (CS) paradigm uses simultaneous sensing and compression to provide an efficient image acquisition technique. The main advantages of the CS method include high resolution imaging using low resolution sensor arrays and faster image acquisition. Since the imaging philosophy in CS imagers is different from conventional imaging systems, new physical structures have been developed for cameras that use the CS technique. In this paper, a review of different hardware implementations of CS encoding in optical and electrical domains is presented. Considering the recent advances in CMOS (complementary metal–oxide–semiconductor) technologies and the feasibility of performing on-chip signal processing, important practical issues in the implementation of CS in CMOS sensors are emphasized. In addition, the CS coding for video capture is discussed.
A Case Study in Treebank Collaboration and Comparison: Accusativus cum Infinitivo and Subordination in Latin

A Case Study in Treebank Collaboration and Comparison: Accusativus cum Infinitivo and Subordination in Latin We describe here a collaboration between two separate treebank projects annotating data for the same language (Latin). By working together to create a common standard for the annotation of Latin syntax and sharing our annotated data as it is created, we are each able to rely on the resources and expertise of the other while also ensuring that our data will be compatible in the future. This compatibility allows us to conduct diachronic studies involving both datasets, and we add our results to an ongoing discussion of one such issue, the gradual replacement of the Accusativus cum Infinitivo construction in Latin with subordinate clauses headed by conjunctions such as quod and quia.
Oxidative Cost of Reproduction Is Sex Specific and Correlated with Reproductive Effort in a Cooperatively Breeding Bird, the Florida Scrub Jay

Reproduction is energetically demanding, and how much an individual is able to invest in reproduction is often a function of its health state. An understanding of the relationship between oxidative balance and reproductive decisions, especially in free-living species, is still very limited. We evaluated the relationship between oxidative health and reproductive effort in a free-living population of the cooperatively breeding Florida scrub jay Aphelocoma coerulescens. Specifically, we assessed whether prebreeding oxidative damage levels predicted reproductive effort and subsequently whether postbreeding oxidative damage levels reflected reproductive effort. Prebreeding oxidative damage levels were negatively correlated with reproductive effort in males. In males, postbreeding levels of oxidative damage were significantly greater than prebreeding levels. Given that females exhibited no such patterns, our results suggest that in this species, males bear the brunt of the oxidative costs associated with reproduction.
A preliminary report on answering complex queries related to drug discovery using answer set programming

We introduce a new method for integrating relevant parts of knowledge extracted from biomedical ontologies and answering complex queries related to drug safety and discovery, using Semantic Web technologies and answer set programming. The applicability of this method is illustrated in detail on some parts of existing biomedical ontologies. Its effectiveness is demonstrated by computing an answer to a real-world biomedical query that requires the integration of NCBI Entrez Gene and the Gene Ontology.
Dynamics of grooming and grooming reciprocation in a group of captive chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes)

Grooming relationships between adult male chimpanzees are often reciprocal, i.e. individuals receive grooming from those they groom. Grooming may be reciprocated at the same time it is received (mutual grooming), or later within the same grooming session. Alternatively, it can be reciprocated at a much later stage, in another session. An analysis of individual grooming sessions at the dyadic level was used to investigate how chimpanzees reciprocate grooming within these sessions. This study describes the grooming and reciprocation of grooming by male chimpanzees, living in a multi-male, multi-female group at the Edinburgh Zoo, Scotland. A method for the analysis of dyadic grooming relationships was based on the presence or absence of mutual and unilateral grooming in a session, which allows seven types of grooming session to be distinguished. Grooming session was defined empirically, and the duration of the bout criterion interval (BCI) depended on the presence or absence of oestrous females. For comparison, however, the same BCI was used throughout. Without oestrous females, grooming was primarily reciprocated in sessions with mutual grooming and unilateral grooming by both participants. This kind of session proved highly cooperative and each male adjusted the duration of his unilateral grooming to that of mutual grooming, rather than to the duration of unilateral grooming by the other male. Mutual grooming was less important to dyads which had a strong grooming relationship. It is suggested that mutual grooming serves as an indication of the motivation to groom unilaterally. There was no indication that males reciprocated on the basis of TIT-FOR-TAT within these sessions, or between sessions in general. Alternative hypotheses of mutual grooming were only partly confirmed in that some dyads used mutual grooming to reduce the (already very short) time they spent in grooming. However, mutual grooming did not arise from the accidental overlap in the grooming of two partners. In the presence of oestrous females, grooming cooperation between the males broke down, and this was the result of heightened aggression as well as the presence of oestrous females itself. The balance in grooming given and received shifted in the direction of dominants (i.e. dominants received more) under the influence of oestrous females, but in the opposite direction under the influence of aggression. Feeding had no effect on the reciprocity of grooming. There was considerable dyadic variation. Some dyads groomed more when there were oestrous females, others groomed less. Some dyads had proportionally less mutual grooming with increasing numbers of oestrous females, others had more. There were generally no clear patterns of grooming reciprocation over longer time-spans than the session, but the overall degree of reciprocity of a dyad was frequently reached at the end of each day. Tracing the degree of reciprocation over a few weeks indicated that some dyads' grooming was governed by dominance, whereas that of others by cooperation
Singing the Russian Blues: An Argument for Culturally Basic Color Terms

The universal inventory of basic color terms (BCTs) consists of 11 terms, including a single blue term. Russian has two terms for blue, sinij (dark blue) and goluboj (light blue). The proposed status of goluboj as the 12th basic term challenges theory stating the upper limit of BCTs. This article reviews a body of research on the Russian blues and draws on arguments from lexical-semantic analysis and linguistic and psycholinguistic studies. It is argued that goluboj, being symbolically charged, emerged in Russian as culturally basic. Counterparts of the Russian blues in other languages are considered. Within a context beyond Russian, the potential refinement of the blue area is suggested to follow perceptual-cognitive universals. This is reinforced by language and culturally specific semiotics. By drawing attention to a distinction between denotative and designative meaning, the issue of the Russian blues calls into question the proper definition of a basic color term.
Cloning of rfaG, B, I, and J genes for glycosyltransferase enzymes for synthesis of the lipopolysaccharide core of Salmonella typhimurium

R-prime plasmids carrying the pyrE-rfa-cysE region of the chromosome of Salmonella typhimurium were isolated by using the vector pULB113 (RP4::mini-Mu). One of the R-prime plasmids was used as a source of DNA to clone the rfa genes for lipopolysaccharide synthesis to pBR322. The following three hybrid plasmids were constructed: pKZ15, with a 4.0-kilobase EcoRI fragment of S. typhimurium DNA, containing the rfaG gene; pKZ27, a 9-kilobase BglII fragment with the rfaG, rfaB, and rfaI genes; and pKZ26, a 7.7-kilobase HindIII fragment with the rfaG, rfaB, rfaI, and rfaJ genes. We propose that these cloned genes code for four glycosyltransferases used for synthesis of the lipopolysaccharide core region (rfaG for glucosyltransferase I; rfaI for galactosyltransferase I; rfaB for galactosyltransferase II; and rfaJ for glucosyltransferase II). For all four genes, mutants which lacked the appropriate enzyme activity were complemented by the plasmids to give completed core lipopolysaccharide with O (somatic) side chains; for rfaG, rfaB, and rfaI, mutants gave restored or even amplified levels of the appropriate glycosyltransferase in in vitro assays. We show that the order of genes in the region is pyrE-rfaG-(rfaB-rfaI)-rfaJ-rfaL-rfaF -cysE.
Inhibition of ANO1/TMEM16A Chloride Channel by Idebenone and Its Cytotoxicity to Cancer Cell Lines

The expression levels of anoctamin 1 (ANO1, TMEM16A), a calcium-activated chloride channel (CaCC), are significantly increased in several tumors, and inhibition of ANO1 is known to reduce cell proliferation and migration. Here, we performed cell-based screening of a collection of natural products and drug-like compounds to identify inhibitors of ANO1. As a result of the screening, idebenone, miconazole and plumbagin were identified as novel ANO1 inhibitors. Electrophysiological studies showed that idebenone, a synthetic analog of coenzyme Q10, completely blocked ANO1 activity in FRT cells expressing ANO1 without any effect on intracellular calcium signaling and CFTR, a cAMP-regulated chloride channel. The CaCC activities in PC-3 and CFPAC-1 cells expressing abundant endogenous ANO1 were strongly blocked by idebenone. Idebenone inhibited cell proliferation and induced apoptosis in PC-3 and CFPAC-1 cells, but not in A549 cells, which do not express ANO1. These data suggest that idebenone, a novel ANO1 inhibitor, has potential for use in cancer therapy.