Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
1 1 2 3 4 5 Sphingosine-1-phosphate elicits receptor-dependent 6 calcium signaling in retinal amacrine cells 7 8 9 10

36 Evidence is emerging indicating that Sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P) participates in 37 signaling in the retina. To determine whether S1P might be involved in signaling in the inner 38 retina specifically, we examine the effects of this sphingolipid on cultured retinal amacrine cells. 39 Whole cell voltage clamp recordings reveal that S1P activates a cation current that is dependent 40 upon signaling through Gi and phospholipase C. These observations are consistent with the 41 involvement of members of the S1P receptor family of G protein-coupled receptors in the 42 production of the current. Immunocytochemistry and PCR amplification provide evidence for 43 the expression of S1P1R and S1P3R in amacrine cells. The receptor-mediated channel activity is 44 shown to be highly sensitive to blockade by lanthanides consistent with the behavior of TRPC 45 channels. PCR products amplified from amacrine cells reveal that TRPCs 1, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7 channel 46 subunits have the potential to be expressed. Because TRPC channels provide a Ca entry 47 pathway, we asked whether S1P caused cytosolic Ca elevations in amacrine cells. We show 48 that S1P-dependent Ca elevations do occur in these cells and that they might be mediated by 49 S1P1R and S1P3R. The Ca elevations are partially due to release from internal stores, but the 50 largest contribution is from influx across the plasma membrane. The effect of inhibition of 51 sphingosine kinase suggests that the production of cytosolic S1P underlies the sustained nature 52 of the Ca elevations. Elucidation of the downstream effects of these signals will provide clues 53 to the role of S1P in regulating inner retinal function. 54
Global Motion tracking with six parameter model

Generally a sequence of image is taken by a camera which is attached with the robot. The camera takes the image of the background. When the robot moves the camera moves as well. We can have the motion direction by comparing the image sequences with six parameter model. But If we want to draw the travelling path with the change of motion direction, then to get the path of the robot that it has crossed is a problem. This paper proposes an image processing approach to find the solution to this problem.
Modeling and simulation of transistor and circuit variability and reliability

Statistical variability associated with discreteness of charge and granularity of matter is one of limiting factors for CMOS scaling and integration. The major MOSFET statistical variability sources and corresponding physical simulations are discussed in detail. Direct statistical parameter extraction approach is presented and the scalability of 6T and 8T SRAM of bulk CMOS technology is investigated. The standard statistical parameter generation approaches are benchmarked and newly developed parameter generation approach based on nonlinear power method is outlined.
A review of Armington trade substitution elasticities

Les resultats obtenus avec les modeles appliques d’equilibre general et partiel utilises pour analyser les politiques commerciales sont presque tous sensibles aux elacticites d’Armington. Alors que de tres nombreuses estimations econometriques ont ete effectuees depuis trente ans, beaucoup d’economistes considerent que les valeurs obtenues sont trop faibles. Quelques resultats robustes se degagent de la litterature econometrique : les valeurs estimees a long terme sont plus elevees que celles a court terme ; les analyses desagregees a un niveau plus fin donnent des elasticites plus elevees ; les analyses sur series temporelles en forme reduite donnent des elasticites plus basses que celles obtenues dans les etudes en coupe. Cet article propose une revue de la litterature et des resultats de ces exercices de simulation afin d’illustrer la sensibilite des modeles d’equilibre general aux elasticites d’Armington.Classification JEL : C20 ; C68 ; F10.
How do humans distinguish different people with identical names on the web?

This research investigates how humans distinguish different people with identical names on the web to improve web people search. We asked subjects to classify 20 pages of web people-search results for each of 20 person names and analyzed their decision processes through questionnaire, protocol analysis, and interview. We found that keywords, vocations, works (for a real person, works are those made by the individual and, for a fictional person, works are those in which the individual appears), facial images, and the names of related people are important for distinguishing individuals. We proposed a model for distinguishing individuals and a knowledge-structure model based on the experiment's results.
Effects of MLC601 on Early Vascular Events in Patients After Stroke: The CHIMES Study

Background and Purpose— Early vascular events are an important cause of morbidity and mortality in the first 3 months after a stroke. We aimed to investigate the effects of MLC601 on the occurrence of early vascular events within 3 months of stroke onset. Methods— Post hoc analysis was performed on data from subjects included in the CHInese Medicine Neuroaid Efficacy on Stroke recovery (CHIMES) study, a randomized, placebo-controlled, double-blinded trial that compared MLC601 with placebo in 1099 subjects with ischemic stroke of intermediate severity in the preceding 72 hours. Early vascular events were defined as a composite of recurrent stroke, acute coronary syndrome, and vascular death occurring within 3 months of stroke onset. Results— The frequency of early vascular events during the 3-month follow-up was significantly less in the MLC601 group than in the placebo group (16 [2.9%] versus 31 events [5.6%]; risk difference=−2.7%; 95% confidence interval, −5.1% to −0.4%; P=0.025) without an increase in nonvascular deaths. Kaplan–Meier survival analysis showed a difference in the risk of vascular outcomes between the 2 groups as early as the first month after stroke (Log-rank P=0.024; hazard ratio, 0.51; 95% confidence interval, 0.28–0.93). Conclusions— Treatment with MLC601 was associated with reduced early vascular events among subjects in the CHIMES study. The mechanisms for this effect require further study. Clinical Trial Registration— URL: http://www.clinicaltrials. gov. Unique identifier: NCT00554723.
The Case for Peer-to-Peer Wireless LAN Consortia ∗

∗ This work is partly supported by EU's Fifth Framework project "Market Management of Peer-to-Peer Services" - MMAPPS (RTD No IST-2001-34201) ABSTRACT We make the case for Consortia of Peer-to-Peer (P2P) Wireless Local Area Networks (WLAN). A P2P WLAN Consortium (PWC) is a community of WLAN Administrative Domains (ADs) that offer network access to each other's registered users. The ubiquitous network access that these roaming members of an AD enjoy can compensate for their AD's cost of providing access to visitors. Existing WLAN roaming schemes utilize central authorities or bilateral contracts to control access to resources. In contrast, a PWC forms a P2P community in which participating ADs are autonomous entities. ADs make independent decisions concerning the amount of resources (e.g. access bandwidth) they contribute. As a result, similarly to existing P2P systems, a PWC will suffer from abusive behavior (free riding) if no incentive mechanisms exist to ensure that ADs offer the amount of resources that is economically justified. Flexible rules on reciprocity can be set to delimit domain policies in order to bring the system to a near-optimum equilibrium, by forcing peers to contribute in order to consume. In addition to making the case for PWC, in this paper we discuss a number of technologies and issues related to the implementation of PWC such as rule design, security and differentiated QoS in such a distributed environment.
Implications for the formation of star clusters from extragalactic star formation rates

Observations indicate that young massive star clusters in spiral and dwarf galaxies follow a relation between luminosity of the brightest young cluster and the star formation rate (SFR) of the host galaxy, in the sense that higher SFRs lead to the formation of brighter clusters. Assuming that the empirical relation between maximum cluster luminosity and SFR reflects an underlying similar relation between maximum cluster mass (M ecl,max ) and SFR, we compare the resulting SFR(M ecl,max ) relation with different theoretical models. The empirical correlation is found to suggest that individual star clusters form on a free-fall time-scale with their pre-cluster molecular-cloud-core radii typically being a few parsecs independent of mass. The cloud cores contract by factors of 5-10 while building up the embedded cluster. A theoretical SFR(M ecl,max ) relation in very good agreement with the empirical correlation is obtained if the CMF of a young population has a Salpeter exponent of β 2.35 and if this cluster population forms within a characteristic time-scale of a 1-10 Myr. This short time-scale can be understood if the interstellar medium is pressurized, thus precipitating rapid local fragmentation and collapse on a galactic scale. Such triggered star formation on a galactic scale is observed to occur in interacting galaxies. With a global SFR of 3-5 M ○. yr -1 , the Milky Way appears to lie on the empirical SFR(M ecl,max ) relation, given the recent detections of very young clusters with masses near 10 5 M ○. in the Galactic disc. The observed properties of the stellar population of very massive young clusters suggests that there may exist a fundamental maximum cluster mass, 10 6 < M ecl,max */M ○. < 10 7 .
The structural variables of multi-layer networks and early warning mechanism for industrial cluster risks

Compared with researches on the competitive advantages of industrial clusters, the studies which focus on the risks of industrial clusters are very limited. In this paper, we demonstrated the multi-layer network structures of industrial clusters, and identified clustering coefficient, average length of geodesic path and skewness of degree distribution as key structural variables which could effectively measure potential cluster risks. With theoretical analysis and computer simulation, we found that industrial clusters with multi-layer inter-firm networks which were characterized by high values of clustering coefficient, geodesic path length and skewness were more fragile under cluster risks. Based on our findings, we proposed an early warning mechanism for industrial cluster risks.
Dynamic vision sensor camera based bare hand gesture recognition

This paper proposes a method to recognize bare hand gestures using a dynamic vision sensor (DVS) camera. Different from conventional cameras, DVS cameras only respond to pixels with temporal luminance differences, which can greatly reduce the computational cost of comparing consecutive frames to track moving objects. Due to differences in available information, conventional vision techniques for gesture recognition may not be directly applicable in DVS based applications. This paper attempts to classify three different hand gestures made by a player during rock-paper-scissors game. We propose novel methods to detect the point where the player delivers a throw, to extract hand regions, and to extract useful features for machine learning based classification. Preliminary results show that our method produces enhanced accuracy of hand gesture recognition.
Literary history as provocation of national identity, national identity as provocation of literary history

Empirical research into political sentiments gives force to the proposition that, in the context of the 2013–14 Euromaidan and subsequent war, Ukrainian national identity, for most of its history predominantly ethno-cultural, has undergone changes justifying its qualification as ‘civic’. In this article I discuss the ethno-cultural orientation, conventional during the 19th and 20th centuries, of Ukrainian literary history, a scholarly genre that has a tradition of promoting the cause of Ukrainian nation-building; I identify contemporary examples of discourses in the literary sphere – literary works themselves, literary anthologies and the public statements and debates of writers – that embody or applaud civic identities akin to those in evidence on the Euromaidan; and I reflect upon the values, inclusive and multicultural, that a Ukrainian national literary history rhetorically in harmony with post-Euromaidan sentiment would evince.
Ranking Model with a Reduced Feature Set for an Automated Question Generation System

A metric has been proposed to automatically generate well-formed-ness rank for machine generated questions. The grammatical correctness of a question, challenge due to the negation in the source text and number of transformations required to convert an ill-formed (not appealing to humans) question to a well-formed (meaningful and human appealing) question seem the prominent features. We used 135 questions generated by Heilman and Smith’s system (Heilman and Smith, 2011), developed a regression model using our feature set and tested it. The R-squared value is 93.5% which is quiet acceptable. Relevance of the model has been corroborated by means of the residual plot. (Heilman and Smith, 2011) Metric is of 187 features and that of (Liu, 2012) is of 11. We suggested 16 features for a general automatic question quality enhancer to look into. However, the present model has been built by considering only 10 out of them. (Heilman and Smith , 2011)generated questions do not possess any infirmities indicated by the remaining ones. 75 questions were used in training and 60 were tested. Recognition accuracy is 94.4%.
Efficient feature extraction for highway traffic density classification

Traffic density estimation is one of the most challenging problems in Intelligent Transportation Systems. In this paper, we estimate the traffic flow density based on classification. Various new efficient features are introduced for distinguishing between different traffic states, including number of key-points, edges of difference-image and moving edges. These features describe the traffic flow without any need to individual vehicles detection and tracking. We experiment our proposed approach on a standard database and some real videos from Tehran roads. The results show high accuracy performance of our method, even in changes of environmental conditions (e.g., lighting), by using efficient features. Duo to low computational cost, our proposed approach for traffic density estimation is applicable in real time applications.
Prediction and investigation of the turbulent flow over a rotating disk

Large-eddy simulation (LES) has been used to predict the statistically threedimensional turbulent boundary layer (3DTBL) over a rotating disk. LES predictions for six parameter cases were compared to the experimental measurements of Littell & Eaton (1994), obtained at a momentum thickness Reynolds number of 2660. A signaldecomposition scheme was developed by modifying the method of Spalart (1988) to prescribe time-dependent boundary conditions along the radial direction, entrainment towards the disk surface was prescribed by satisfying global mass conservation. Predictions of the mean velocities and r.m.s. fluctuations are in good agreement with data, with the largest discrepancy occurring in the prediction of the wall-normal intensities. The primary and two secondary shear stresses are also in good agreement with the measurements and one-dimensional energy spectra of the velocity fluctuations agree well with established laws, i.e. a −1 slope in the buffer region and −5/3 slope near the edge of the boundary layer. Conditionally averaged velocities provide new evidence in support of the structural model of Littell & Eaton (1994) concerning the interaction of mean-flow threedimensionality and shear-stress producing structures. Inside the buffer region under strong ejections, the conditionally averaged crossflow (radial) velocity is larger than the unconditioned mean, and the profile conditioned on strong sweeps is smaller than the mean. This is consistent with the notion that streamwise vortices having the same sign as the mean streamwise vorticity, and beneath the peak crossflow location, are mostly responsible for strong sweep events; streamwise vortices with opposite sign as the mean streamwise vorticity promote strong ejections. Comparison of two-point spatial correlations with previous measurements in two-dimensional turbulent boundary layers (2DTBLs) indicates interesting structural similarities, e.g. the correlation of wall pressure and surface-normal velocity fluctuations is an odd function of streamwise separation, being positive downstream and negative upstream. These similarities offer quantitative indirect support to the hypothesis advanced by Littell & Eaton (1994) and Johnston & Flack (1996) that structural models describing 2DTBLs may be employed as a baseline in (equilibrium) 3DTBL structural studies.
Wireless Sensor Networks for Monitoring Physiological Signals of Multiple Patients

This paper presents the design of a novel wireless sensor network structure to monitor patients with chronic diseases in their own homes through a remote monitoring system of physiological signals. Currently, most of the monitoring systems send patients' data to a hospital with the aid of personal computers (PC) located in the patients' home. Here, we present a new design which eliminates the need for a PC. The proposed remote monitoring system is a wireless sensor network with the nodes of the network installed in the patients' homes. These nodes are then connected to a central node located at a hospital through an Internet connection. The nodes of the proposed wireless sensor network are created by using a combination of ECG sensors, MSP430 microcontrollers, a CC2500 low-power wireless radio, and a network protocol called the SimpliciTI protocol. ECG signals are first sampled by a small portable device which each patient carries. The captured signals are then wirelessly transmitted to an access point located within the patients' home. This connectivity is based on wireless data transmission at 2.4-GHz frequency. The access point is also a small box attached to the Internet through a home asynchronous digital subscriber line router. Afterwards, the data are sent to the hospital via the Internet in real time for analysis and/or storage. The benefits of this remote monitoring are wide ranging: the patients can continue their normal lives, they do not need a PC all of the time, their risk of infection is reduced, costs significantly decrease for the hospital, and clinicians can check data in a short time.
Mediation of Knowledge Construction of Historic Sites through Embodied Interaction

This paper focuses upon the reframing of cultural heritage as bodily experience articulated through narrative based media. The concept of mediation is introduced and explored, as a knowledge intensive process that integrates the production and construction of information interfaces. Such interfaces are negotiated through, and translated by, bodily interaction and bodily reasoning. As such, the mediation process is shaped through the reformulation of kineasthetic, somatic and embodied experiences, that both, customize the interaction process, and shape the resultant outputs that effect construction of knowledge. For enhancement of the mediation process, guidelines for maintaining the integrity of the mediation are discussed. The approach is demonstrated over several projects that explore these concerns through low fidelity prototypes executed in an experimental manner.
Effective Output Patterns for Torque Display

In the previous paper in ICAT2002, we reported that a non-grounded palm-top torque display "GyroCube" was developed. Although it requires no grounding base for supporting the counter torque to the objective one, and consequently is suitable for mobile use, it generates superfluous negative resetting torque after presenting the objective one in terms of principle. When the control voltage is increased uniformly over the operation time to increase the magnitude of torque, the resetting torque becomes stronger as same as the objective torque becomes stronger. It is not clear whether the stronger resetting torque would weaken the effect of the objective torque, or it could strengthen the sensitivity of human palm because of the after-effect of the human sensing system. Therefore we conducted new experiments concerning the above issue. The results are as follows. There was no predominant difference between stronger resetting torque case and weaker one. The minimum torque stimulus the user could sense was approximately 200 [gfcm] in either hands. There was no significant difference in the ways of grasping the device “GyroCube”. One of the applications of such device would be, for example, a haptic navigation system for pedestrians.
An adaptation of prolonged exposure therapy for pediatric single incident trauma: a case series.

OBJECTIVE To assess the efficacy of a modification for Prolonged Exposure (PE) therapy for single incident trauma in youth and examine the effective component(s) of treatment. METHOD Fifteen youth (2 boys, 13 girls; mean age= 10.8 years) were treated with a developmentally modified version of PE called Trauma Mastery Therapy (TMT). The youth were evaluated pre-treatment, every 2 treatment sessions, and at 1 month follow-up. PRIMARY OUTCOME MEASURE the Child PTSD Symptom Scale (CPSS), a self administered PTSD questionnaire. RESULTS Post-treatment, 13 participants did not meet criteria for PTSD. Patients showed significant improvement at post-treatment. Analysis of variance models with pair-wise contrasts showed significantly higher scores at initiation of treatment as compared to the end of the exposure phase and, to a lesser extent, as compared to the psychoeducational phase, but no further significant improvement following the relapse prevention or follow-up phases. CONCLUSIONS TMT appears to be a promising treatment for single incident trauma in youth. Flexibility within the structure of TMT may facilitate treatment success. The study suggests exposure, and to some extent, psychoeducation, to be important components of treatment. Additional research is required to further validate these initial findings.
What Differentiates News Articles with Short and Long Shelf Lives? A Case Study on News Articles at Bloomberg.com

In this paper, we apply discriminant analysis on a large set of historic news articles published at www.bloomberg. com and investigate what features make the difference between news articles with short and long shelf lives. We define the shelf life of an article as the time to reach 60% of its total hits throughout its overall life time. The "bag-of-words" model is used to represent the content of an article as a vector of features, which are uni-, bi-, or tri-gram keywords. The thesaurus approach is applied to group words with similar meanings to a set of root words to reduce the size of the feature space. Normalized TF-IDF (Term Frequency -- Inverse Document Frequency) scheme is used to encode the feature vectors. By applying Linear Discriminant Analysis (LDA) on the articles with short and long shelf lives, near or over 80% precision and recall on both categories are achieved. Surprisingly, we also find that the sentiment of news articles has little correlation with their shelf lives.