Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Variation of spontaneous occurrence rates of chromosomal aberrations in the second chromosomes of Drosophila melanogaster.

After accumulating mutations by the aid of marked inversions, spontaneous occurrence rates of chromosome aberrations were estimated for 1148 chromosome lines that originated from five stem line second chromosomes of Drosophila melanogaster. In chromosome lines originating from three stem chromosomes (CH, PQ, and RT), mutations were accumulated for 7550, 7252, and 7256 chromosome generations, respectively, but no structural change was detected. For the chromosome lines that originated from the other two stem chromosomes, the situation was different: Twenty aberrations (19 paracentric inversions and 1 translocation between the second and the third chromosomes) during 45990 chromosome generations took place in the 500 chromosome lines derived from stem line chromosome (AW), and 92 aberrations (83 paracentric inversions, 6 pericentric inversions, 2 translocations between the second and the third chromosomes and 1 transposition) arose during 45006 chromosome generations in the 500 chromosome lines derived from stem line chromosome (JH). For the AW group the occurrence rate becomes 0.00043 per chromosome per generation for all aberrations and 0.00041 for inversions. For the JH group the corresponding rates are 0.00204 and 0.00198, respectively. -A non-random distribution of the breakpoint on the salivary gland chromosome was observed and the breakpoints were concentrated in the regions 26, 29, 33, and 34. -The cytoplasms and the chromosomes (other than the second chromosomes) were made approximately uniform throughout the experiments. Thus, this remarkable variability in the occurrence rate is most probably due to the differences in one or more chromosomal elements on the original five stem chromosomes. The mutable chromosomes (AW and JH) appear to carry a kind of mutator factor such as hi (Ives 1950).
Secondary structure prediction with support vector machines

MOTIVATION A new method that uses support vector machines (SVMs) to predict protein secondary structure is described and evaluated. The study is designed to develop a reliable prediction method using an alternative technique and to investigate the applicability of SVMs to this type of bioinformatics problem. METHODS Binary SVMs are trained to discriminate between two structural classes. The binary classifiers are combined in several ways to predict multi-class secondary structure. RESULTS The average three-state prediction accuracy per protein (Q(3)) is estimated by cross-validation to be 77.07 +/- 0.26% with a segment overlap (Sov) score of 73.32 +/- 0.39%. The SVM performs similarly to the 'state-of-the-art' PSIPRED prediction method on a non-homologous test set of 121 proteins despite being trained on substantially fewer examples. A simple consensus of the SVM, PSIPRED and PROFsec achieves significantly higher prediction accuracy than the individual methods.
Architectural issues in software reuse: it's not just the functionality, it's the packaging

Effective reuse depends not only on finding and reusing components, but also on the ways those components are combined. The informal folklore of software engineering provides a number of diverse styles for organizing software systems. These styles, or architectures, show how to compose systems from components; different styles expect different kinds of component packaging and different kinds of interactions between the components. Unfortunately, these styles and packaging distinctions are often implicit; as a consequence, components with appropriate functionality may fail to work together. This talk surveys common architectural styles, including important packaging and interaction distinctions, and proposes an approach to the problem of reconciling architectural mismatches.
Synaptic Circuit Abnormalities of Motor-Frontal Layer 2/3 Pyramidal Neurons in an RNA Interference Model of Methyl-CpG-Binding Protein 2 Deficiency

Rett syndrome, an autism spectrum disorder with prominent motor and cognitive features, results from mutations in the gene for methyl-CpG-binding protein 2 (MeCP2). Here, to identify cortical circuit abnormalities that are specifically associated with MeCP2 deficiency, we used glutamate uncaging and laser scanning photostimulation to survey intracortical networks in mouse brain slices containing motor-frontal cortex. We used in utero transfection of short hairpin RNA constructs to knock down MeCP2 expression in a sparsely distributed subset of layer (L) 2/3 pyramidal neurons in wild-type mice, and compared input maps recorded from transfected-untransfected pairs of neighboring neurons. The effect of MeCP2 deficiency on local excitatory input pathways was severe, with an average reduction in excitatory synaptic input from middle cortical layers (L3/5A) of >30% compared with MeCP2-replete controls. MeCP2 deficiency primarily affected the strength, rather than the topography, of excitatory intracortical pathways. Inhibitory synaptic inputs and intrinsic eletrophysiological properties were unaffected in the MeCP2-knockdown neurons. These studies indicate that MeCP2 deficiency in individual postsynaptic cortical pyramidal neurons is sufficient to induce a pathological synaptic defect in excitatory intracortical circuits.
Building Member Attachment in Online Communities: Applying Theories of Group Identity and Interpersonal Bonds

Online communities are increasingly important to organizations and the general public, but there is little theoretically based research on what makes some online communities more successful than others. In this article, we apply theory from the field of social psychology to understand how online communities develop member attachment, an important dimension of community success. We implemented and empirically tested two sets of community features for building member attachment by strengthening either group identity or interpersonal bonds. To increase identity-based attachment, we gave members information about group activities and intergroup competition, and tools for group-level communication. To increase bond-based attachment, we gave members information about the activities of individual members and interpersonal similarity, and tools for interpersonal communication. Results from a six-month field experiment show that participants' visit frequency and self-reported attachment increased in both conditions. Community features intended to foster identity-based attachment had stronger effects than features intended to foster bond-based attachment. Participants in the identity condition with access to group profiles and repeated exposure to their group's activities visited their community twice as frequently as participants in other conditions. The new features also had stronger effects on newcomers than on old-timers. This research illustrates how theory from the social science literature can be applied to gain a more systematic understanding of online communities and how theory-inspired features can improve their success.
Specifying conflict of interest in web services endpoint language (WSEL)

A Web service is an autonomous unit of application logic that provides either some business functionalities or information to other applications through an Internet connection. A business process contains a set of activities, and service locators assign an appropriate Web service for each activity.Recently IBM proposed a new XML language called Web Services Endpoint Language (WSEL) for describing endpoint properties of Web services. Web services will be described through endpoint properties by the appropriate extensibility elements in WSEL in order to facilitate the processes of matchmaking and delegation.It is obvious that security issues are important endpoint properties at Web services.This paper extends the WSEL to specify the conflict of interest in the processes of matchmaking and delegation as one of the endpoint properties.In addition to this, this paper also introduces the concepts of separation of duties and security risk factor in the Web service assignments.
Limb Ischemic Preconditioning Protects Endothelium from Oxidative Stress by Enhancing Nrf2 Translocation and Upregulating Expression of Antioxidases

Remote ischemic preconditioning is often performed by limb ischemic preconditioning (LIPC), which has been demonstrated to be beneficial to various cells, including endothelial cells. The mechanisms underlying the protection have not been well clarified. The present study was designed to observe the effects of sera derived from rats after LIPC on human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) injured by hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) -induced oxidative stress and explore the involvement of redox state in the protection. Incubation with 1 mM H2O2 for 2 h induced a significant reduction in HUVECs’ viability with increased production of malondialdehyde (MDA) and reactive oxygen species (ROS). Preincubation with early preconditioning serum (EPS) or delayed preconditioning serum (DPS) derived from rats subjected to LIPC alleviated these changes. Both EPS and DPS increased the nuclear translocation of transcription factor nuclear factor E2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) and the expression of antioxidases. The protective effects of EPS and DPS were blocked neither by MEK/ERK inhibitors U0126 nor by PI3K/Akt inhibitors LY294002. In conclusion, the present study provides the evidence that LIPC protects the HUVECs from H2O2-induced injury by, at least partially, enhancement of Nrf2 translocation and upregulation of antioxidases via signaling pathways independent of MEK/ERK and PI3K/Akt.
Angiographic Appearance of Carotid Occlusion in Acute Stroke

The angiographic appearance of the proximal end of internal carotid artery occlusion is reported in 41 patients with acute stroke in the areas of the brain supplied by the carotid artery. All patients had angiography within 6 days of stroke onset, the majority within 24–48 hours. Three angiographic configurations of internal carotid occlusion were found, in descending order of frequency: a sharp, pointed stump; virtual absence of the artery; and a rounded, blunt stump. The results suggest that the angiographic appearance of the proximal occlusion alone may not accurately predict the age of the occlusion within the first 6 days from stroke onset.
On Hardware Variability and the Relation to Software Variability

In mechatronic and embedded systems, variability stretches from customer-visible features to implementation features, which manifest in software, hardware, and mechanical parts. A good example are automotive systems, which are usually implemented as product lines. There are close connections between hardware and software during the development of such product lines. For example, software usually needs to be heavily tuned towards processors characteristics or optimized for a specific memory size. The problem is that different lifecycles of hardware and software make it difficult to maintain all variability in a single model. In this paper, the notion of hardware variability is discussed. We suggest that software and hardware variability should be kept in separate models. We argue that hardware variability and software variability models should only be loosely coupled. This allows an easier exchange of hardware platforms and variants as well as a test during the configuration whether hardware and software fit to each other. To address this, we propose an approach that distinguishes between software and hardware variants by using separate variability models. Therefore, we introduce a hardware variability model, which has a strong focus on the description of hardware properties. Furthermore, we introduce a concept for modeling the dependencies between hardware and software variants to combine them during the configuration.
Assessment on the coupling effects of drip irrigation and organic fertilization based on entropy weight coefficient model

Water and fertilizer are two important factors influencing crop growth, development and yield formation. To investigate their combined effects on the soil-plant system, and to find out the optimal water and organic fertilizer coupling strategy for tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L), an experiment was carried out from May to October in 2016 in the south of China. The experiment consisted of three drip irrigation quotas (150, 180, 210 m3/ha) and three organic fertilizer application amounts (2,800, 3,600, 4,400 kg/ha). A water-fertilizer treatment (abbreviated as CK) that is in line with local practice was used for comparison. The tomato marketable yield, sugar/acid ratio (SAR) and irrigation water use efficiency (IWUE), as well as the soil salinity and available nutrient concentrations were measured. The results showed that the marketable yield was highly significantly (p < 0.01) affected by irrigation or fertilization. The SAR of tomato were significantly (p < 0.05) affected by irrigation or/and fertilization. The fertilization had an highly significant (p < 0.01) effect on the concentrations of soil nutrients (N, P, K), while the coupling effect of irrigation and fertilization was not pronounced. According to the multi-index analysis and the computed result by the entropy weight coefficient model, a 180 m3/ha irrigation quota in combination with 4,400 kg/ha organic fertilizer application amount was the optimal water-fertilizer coupling strategy which owned the most satisfactory comprehensive benefits. The marketable yield, SAR and IWUE under this optimal strategy were 122.4 t/ha, 9.2, 32.4 kg/m3, respectively, and by 28.0%, 29.6% and 28.1% higher compared to that under CK.
Composite nonwovens in filters: applications

Abstract: This chapter discusses the role of composite nonwoven filters in different structural forms such as combining mechanical support and durability with filtration, providing two or more layers of different filtration efficiency and combining different separation technologies/functionality into one filter medium. In many situations, composite nonwovens might fulfill multiple objectives. Applications of composite nonwovens are quite diverse and increasing in the area of air, liquid and engine filtration. The developmental objectives of composite filtering media are lower energy consumption, longer filter life, high filtration capacity, greater dust holding (in depth filtration) and easy cleanability (of surface filter), satisfying more than one functional requirement and easier maintenance.
Temporal Poverty Prediction in Developing Countries

Poverty reduction is the first of seventeen Sustainable Development Goals that the United Nations hopes to achieve by 2030 [1]. A prerequisite to reducing poverty levels though is understanding how wealth levels are currently distributed throughout a region and how they might change in the future. Using both current information and forecasts, governments and NGOs can then effectively allocate their limited resources. Unfortunately, in many developing countries in Africa, poverty data is particularly scarce: countries conduct surveys infrequently and collect data from only a limited portion of their population [2]. The goal of this project is to reduce this data gap using publicly available data sources. In particular, we train convolutional neural networks (CNNs) to estimate poverty levels using satellite imagery, as aerial footage of a region can identify major landmarks of wealth (e.g. crop fields and buildings). We train our deep learning model to not only estimate poverty levels in a specific year but to also predict changes across years. Each type of prediction serves its own purpose. Single year predictions help fill in data for regions where no surveys were conducted. Temporal predictions can be used to forecast how the distribution of poverty will change over time. Both ultimately would be instrumental in helping policy makers improve their country’s macroeconomical decisions.
Restructuring and employment in the EU: Concepts, measurement and evidence

The European Foundation for the Improvement of Living and Working Conditions is an autonomous body of the European Union, created to assist in the formulation of future policy on social and work-related matters. Further information can be found on the Foundation website at www.eurofound. eu.int. The paper used in this book is chlorine-free and comes from managed forests in Northern Europe. For every tree felled, at least one new tree is planted. Restructuring is at the root of a widespread sense of insecurity in Europe. With unemployment levels still high in many Member States, the loss of a job is often perceived as an irreversible blow, with serious long-term consequences for the welfare of the citizen concerned. Not surprisingly, restructuring is therefore high on the agenda of policymakers in both individual Member States and the European Union. It is a central focus of the European Monitoring Centre for Change (EMCC), within the European Foundation of the Improvement of Living and Working Conditions. There is no direct correlation, however, between this perception of insecurity and the increase in objective measures of job security such as employment turnover and job tenure. Research from the Organisation for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD) and the International Labour Organisation cited in this report show little indication of significant changes in the data. Moreover, there are several countries within the European Union with unemployment rates well below not only the OECD average but also lower than in the United States. Nevertheless, it is indisputable that both new technologies and the entry of new players, not least India and China, into global competitive markets have sharpened the intensity of competition. Handled appropriately, this presents a great trade – and therefore growth – opportunity for Europe; handled inappropriately, it may seriously undermine not only the welfare of our citizens but also the future of the European Union. Progress in finding constructive solutions to the challenges that lie ahead is not well served by an alarmist, exaggerated and non-credible description of the facts – this, indeed, may lead to overly defensive protectionist measures that ultimately lead to even greater hardship. Nor is it well served by complacency. Good policymaking requires a clear understanding of the facts. Policymakers must recognise the extent of job loss in the European Union and know in which sectors and regions it occurs and what demographic and educational and skill groups are affected. This report is …
Numerical analysis and modeling of the electromagnetic interferences in integrated planar structures

This paper outlines a method for the suppression of the parasitic inside electromagnetic interferences (EMI) filters that are used in power supply devices. The paper focuses on EMI filters designed using the electromagnetic integrated planar technology. To accomplish this task the authors set up an optimal design algorithm named OptimCond that is able to find out the optimal arrangement of the windings in order to minimize the structural parasitic capacitance of the filter. The algorithm proposed is applied to increase the EMI filtering performances for a well-known filter realized in planar technology.
Neuronal Inputs from the Hypothalamus and Brain Stem to the Medial Preoptic Area of the Ram: Neurochemical Correlates and Comparison to the Ewe1

Abstract The retrograde tracer, FluoroGold, was used to trace the neuronal inputs from the septum, hypothalamus, and brain stem to the region of the GnRH neurons in the rostral preoptic area of the ram and to compare these imputs with those in the ewe. Sex differences were found in the number of retrogradely labeled cells in the dorsomedial and ventromedial nuclei. Retrogradely labeled cells were also observed in the lateral septum, preoptic area, organum vasculosum of the lamina terminalis, bed nucleus of the stria terminalis, stria terminalis, subfornical organ, periventricular nucleus, anterior hypothalamic area, lateral hypothalamus, arcuate nucleus, and posterior hypothalamus. These sex differences may partially explain sex differences in how GnRH secretion is regulated. Fluorescence immunohistochemistry was used to determine the neurochemical identity of some of these cells in the ram. Very few tyrosine hydroxylase-containing neurons in the A14 group (<1%), ACTH-containing neurons (<1%), and neuropeptide Y-containing neurons (1–5%) in the arcuate nucleus contained FluoroGold. The ventrolateral medulla and parabrachial nucleus contained the main populations of FluoroGold-containing neurons in the brain stem. Retrogradely labeled neurons were also observed in the nucleus of the solitary tract, dorsal raphe nucleus, and periaqueductal gray matter. Virtually all FluoroGold-containing cells in the ventrolateral medulla and about half of these cells in the nucleus of the solitary tract also stained for dopamine β-hydroxylase. No other retrogradely labeled cells in the brain stem were noradrenergic. Although dopamine, β-endorphin, and neuropeptide Y have been implicated in the regulation of GnRH secretion in males, it is unlikely that these neurotransmitters regulate GnRH secretion via direct inputs to GnRH neurons.
Big Two Personality and Religiosity Across Cultures

How are the Big Two personality dimensions of agency (e.g., competence, uniqueness, ambition) and communion (e.g., warmth, relatedness, morality) related to religiosity? A standard view assumes that communion encourages religiosity, whereas agency is independent of religiosity. Our model is more nuanced, taking into account the Big Two’s motivational base as well as culture: Because communal individuals seek assimilation with their ambient culture, they should be most religious in religious cultures and least religious in nonreligious cultures. Conversely, because agentic individuals seek differentiation from their ambient culture, they should be most religious in nonreligious cultures and least religious in religious cultures. Data from 187,957 individuals across 11 cultures supported this model. Thus, direct relations between the Big Two and religiosity are not culturally universal. Instead, communal individuals are religious conformists, whereas agentic individuals are religious contrarians. In this sense, the patterns are culturally universal.
A hardware-based multi-objective thread mapper for tiled manycore architectures

Thread mapping is typically performed as an integral part of cooperative or pre-emptive operating system (OS) scheduling in order to share the processor core(s) among competing applications. Schedulers usually follow a single-objective performance optimization, such as maximizing core utilization or satisfying deadlines by the prioritization of threads. Meeting multiple orthogonal objectives, like performance vs. power or thermal resilience, in the era of manycore processors is a challenge because of the associated scalability and thread management overhead. We tackle these challenges by employing a two stage thread management strategy. In the first stage (not covered in this short paper), threads are assigned to regions or compute tiles. For the second stage we introduce in this paper the TCU (Thread Control Unit), a configurable, low latency, low overhead hardware thread mapper that takes various runtime sensor parameters into account. It can map threads within a small and bounded number of clock cycles in round robin, single or multi-objective manner. TCU is designed to consider not just load balancing or performance criteria but also physical constraints like power budgets, temperature limits and reliability aspects. TCU macro achieves 150K thread mappings per second on a tiled MPSoC FPGA prototype while operating at moderate 50 Mz. Evaluations of different mapping policies show that multi-objective thread mapping provides about 10 to 40% less mapping latency for periodic and bursty traffic compared to single-objective or round robin schemes. FPGA and ASIC syntheses reveal a 9% hardware overhead for the TCU on a four core compute tile.