Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Assessing niche width of endothermic fish from genes to ecosystem

Significance In large pelagic fish, as in birds and mammals, significant questions remain concerning the selective pressures that drove the evolution of endothermy. We examined cold tolerance and niche breadth on molecular, organism, and food web levels in three closely related tuna species. We show that energetic benefits of increased cold tolerance in fishes are context dependent: advantageous when quality prey is abundant, but not when such prey is scarce. We broaden our findings to the global level using published literature to show that endothermic bluefin species in all the world’s oceans specialize, to some degree, on high energy prey. Our multifaceted approach demonstrates the concept that the advantage of a “beneficial” adaptation is dependent on environmental and anthropogenic influences. Endothermy in vertebrates has been postulated to confer physiological and ecological advantages. In endothermic fish, niche expansion into cooler waters is correlated with specific physiological traits and is hypothesized to lead to greater foraging success and increased fitness. Using the seasonal co-occurrence of three tuna species in the eastern Pacific Ocean as a model system, we used cardiac gene expression data (as a proxy for thermal tolerance to low temperatures), archival tag data, and diet analyses to examine the vertical niche expansion hypothesis for endothermy in situ. Yellowfin, albacore, and Pacific bluefin tuna (PBFT) in the California Current system used more surface, mesopelagic, and deep waters, respectively. Expression of cardiac genes for calcium cycling increased in PBFT and coincided with broader vertical and thermal niche utilization. However, the PBFT diet was less diverse and focused on energy-rich forage fishes but did not show the greatest energy gains. Ecosystem-based management strategies for tunas should thus consider species-specific differences in physiology and foraging specialization.
Academic Resilience: A Retrospective Study of Adults With Learning Difficulties

This article reports qualitative analyses of two sets of retrospective interviews with adults with learning difficulties. The purpose of the study was to examine the high school experiences of these adults from a holistic perspective to understand possible factors that contributed to one group staying in school and the other group leaving school early. One set of interviews was conducted with adults who had returned to complete high school at an adult learning center (the late successful group). The second set of interviews was conducted with the early successful group, adults who had completed high school during adolescence. Interview questions focused on interests, friends, and general aspects of the high school experience. Analyses yielded three themes: intrapersonal support, interpersonal support, and institutional support. These data suggest that schools might act in a number of ways to counter the high rate of early leaving by adolescents with learning disabilities, including building strong teacher-student relationships, using students' interests to develop curricula and structured activities, and fostering a sense of purpose.
The influence of prior expectations on facial expression discrimination in schizophrenia

Background Belief inflexibility is a thinking style observed in patients with schizophrenia, in which patients tend to refute evidence that runs counter to their prior beliefs. This bias has been related to a dominance of prior expectations (prior beliefs) over incoming sensory evidence. In this study we investigated the reliance on prior expectations for the processing of emotional faces in schizophrenia. Method Eighteen patients with schizophrenia and 18 healthy controls were presented with sequences of emotional (happy, fearful, angry or neutral) faces. Perceptual decisions were biased towards a particular expression by a specific instruction at the start of each sequence, referred to as the context in which stimuli occurred. Participants were required to judge the emotion on each face and the effect of the context on emotion discrimination was investigated. Results For threatening emotions (anger and fear), there was a performance cost for facial expressions that were incongruent with, and perceptually close to, the expression named in the instruction. For example, for angry faces, participants in both groups made more errors and reaction times (RTs) were longer when they were asked to look out for fearful faces compared with the other contexts. This bias against sensory evidence that runs counter to prior information was stronger in the patients, evidenced by a group by context interaction in accuracy and RTs for anger and fear respectively. Conclusions Overall, the present data suggest an overdependence on prior expectations for threatening stimuli, reflecting belief inflexibility, in schizophrenia.
A pilot study of the effect of providing daily free fruit to primary-school children in Auckland, New Zealand

Abstract Objective To determine the uptake of a free fruit provision to low-decile primary-school children by quantitatively assessing changes in fruit intake. Design A randomised controlled trial using a paired, cluster randomisation. Setting Twenty low-decile primary schools (schools attended by the most deprived children) in Auckland, New Zealand. Subjects In total 2032 children, aged 7–11 years, provided data on at least one occasion. Intervention Ten pairs of low-decile primary schools matched by roll size and location were randomly allocated to control (no free fruit) or intervention (free fruit) for a school term. Dietary assessments using the 24 h recall methodology were made at baseline, on the last week of the intervention and 6 weeks post-intervention. Results Fruit intakes in this cohort were lower than the national average with over 40 % reporting no fruit intake at baseline and did not differ between groups. After the free fruit period the intervention group increased school fruit intakes by 0·39 pieces/school d from baseline (P ≤ 0·001) and the proportion of children consuming no fruit reduced to 22 %. This increase, however, was not sustained and fruit intakes fell below baseline levels at 6 weeks post-intervention. Control subjects did not significantly alter their fruit intakes throughout the study. Conclusions Improving exposure and accessibility to fruits at school increases fruit intakes of low socio-economic group children, particularly those who do not normally eat fruit. The present pilot study demonstrates some possible negative effects of short-term free fruit interventions, but is informative for developing and evaluating sustained fruit intervention programmes.
Facial expression at retrieval affects recognition of facial identity

It is well known that memory can be modulated by emotional stimuli at the time of encoding and consolidation. For example, happy faces create better identity recognition than faces with certain other expressions. However, the influence of facial expression at the time of retrieval remains unknown in the literature. To separate the potential influence of expression at retrieval from its effects at earlier stages, we had participants learn neutral faces but manipulated facial expression at the time of memory retrieval in a standard old/new recognition task. The results showed a clear effect of facial expression, where happy test faces were identified more successfully than angry test faces. This effect is unlikely due to greater image similarity between the neural training face and the happy test face, because image analysis showed that the happy test faces are in fact less similar to the neutral training faces relative to the angry test faces. In the second experiment, we investigated whether this emotional effect is affected by the expression at the time of learning. We employed angry or happy faces as learning stimuli, and angry, happy, and neutral faces as test stimuli. The results showed that the emotional effect at retrieval is robust across different encoding conditions with happy or angry expressions. These findings indicate that emotional expressions do not only affect the stages of encoding and consolidation, but also the retrieval process in identity recognition.
Relationships Between Exhaustive Mood State and Changes in Stress Hormones Following an Ultraendurance Race

To investigate how the pituitary-adrenal and sympathetic nervous hormones change in psychologically exhaustive states following an ultraendurance race, the Profile of Mood States (POMS), plasma ACTH, beta-endorphin, adrenaline, noradrenaline, and serum cortisol were measured in 29 male athletes two days before, immediately after, and one day after a triathlon. Psychological exhaustion was defined as possessing low POMS vigour and high fatigue immediately post-race. Eleven subjects met the criteria for the exhaustive group, and another ten were placed in the vigour group, which possessed high vigour regardless of fatigue score and the remaining eight subjects were excluded from analysis because they did not satisfy experimental protocol. Student's t-tests revealed no significant group differences in age, race time, pre-race POMS and hormone values. Immediately post-race, serum cortisol and plasma adrenaline did not differ between groups. However, significantly lower levels of plasma beta-endorphin (p = 0.03) and noradrenaline (p = 0.05), and relatively lower levels of plasma ACTH (P = 0.08) immediately post-race were observed in the exhaustive group when compared with the vigour group. We conclude that pituitary and sympathetic nervous hormone reactivity is attenuated following ultraendurance race in athletes showing psychological exhaustion and this is independent of race performance.
Novel Sampling Algorithm for Human Mobility-Based Mobile Phone Sensing

Smart phones or mobile phones enabled with global positioning system (GPS), different types of sensors, and communication technologies have become ubiquitous application development platform for Internet of Things (IoT) and new sensing technologies. Improving sensing area coverage, reducing overlap of sensing area, and energy consumption are important issues under mobile phone sensing. This paper presents human mobility-based mobile phone sensors sampling algorithm. Human mobility patterns and geographical constraints have an impact on performance of mobile phone sensing applications. The real-outdoor location traces of volunteers, collected using GPS-enabled mobile phones are used for performance analysis of proposed work. The proposed mobile phone sensor sampling algorithm considers velocity of human mobility as an important parameter for improving sensing area coverage and reduction of energy consumption. To an extent overlap between sensing area coverage is allowed to overcome, the reduction of sensor data samples caused by spatial regularities of human mobility. The performance is analyzed and evaluated by considering general regular sampling and proposed sampling method for mobile phone sensing activity. The results show that for normal human walking velocity (<;1.5 m/s) proposed mobile phone sensor sampling algorithm performs better in terms of sensing area coverage and reduction of battery energy consumption for mobile phone sensing activity.
Continuous Finite-Time Output Regulation of Nonlinear Systems With Unmatched Time-Varying Disturbances

In this letter, a new continuous nonlinear controller ensuring finite-time output regulation is proposed for a class of nonlinear systems subject to unmatched time-varying disturbances. The controller is developed in a composite manner which combines invariant manifold principle, feedback domination, and disturbance observation techniques. A key idea is to realize the finite-time estimation of system steady states by means of finite-time disturbance observers. A feedback domination approach with dynamic disturbance compensation in each step of virtual control design is then developed by using the tool of adding a power integrator. Finite-time stability of the closed-loop system is established by means of Lyapunov theories, which shows that finite-time convergence of output tracking error is guaranteed even in the presence of time-varying disturbances subject to mismatching condition. The claimed performances of the proposed method are validated by a simulation example.
On a diacritics due part-of-speech tagging ambiguity in Romanian

In this paper we investigate lack-of-diacritics due ambiguity when doing Part-of-Speech tagging in Romanian. This means that some words, if they are written with no diacritcs, could have associated more than one Part-of-Speech tag, even if this is not the case when the diacritcs are employed. A method for dealing with this problem is proposed. By developing an existing Hidden Markov Model and employing a large dictionary and trigrams set, the solution allows doing Part-of-Speech tagging for Romanian even if the words are written with no diacritics. The performance is evaluated on a set of sentences manually built to illustrate the situation.
Cytoplasm to vacuole trafficking of aminopeptidase I requires a t‐SNARE–Sec1p complex composed of Tlg2p and Vps45p

Aminopeptidase I (API) is imported into the yeast vacuole/lysosome by a constitutive non‐classical vesicular transport mechanism, the cytoplasm to vacuole targeting (Cvt) pathway. Newly synthesized precursor API is sequestered in double‐membrane cytoplasmic Cvt vesicles. The Cvt vesicles fuse with the vacuole, releasing single‐membrane Cvt bodies containing proAPI into the vacuolar lumen, and maturation of API occurs when the Cvt body is degraded, releasing mature API. Under starvation conditions, API is transported to the vacuole by macroautophagy, an inducible, non‐selective mechanism that shares many similarities with the Cvt pathway. Here we show that Tlg2p, a member of the syntaxin family of t‐SNARE proteins, and Vps45p, a Sec1p homologue, are required in the constitutive Cvt pathway, but not in inducible macroautophagy. Fractionation and protease protection experiments indicate that Tlg2p is required prior to or at the step of API segregation into the Cvt vesicle. Thus, the early Vps45–Tlg2p‐dependent step of the Cvt pathway appears to be mechanistically distinct from the comparable stage in macroautophagy. Vps45p associates with both the Tlg2p and Pep12p t‐SNAREs, but API maturation is not blocked in a pep12ts mutant, indicating that Vps45p independently regulates the function of multiple t‐SNARES at distinct trafficking steps.
Scaling behavior in the beta -relaxation regime of a supercooled Lennard-Jones mixture.

We report the results of a molecular dynamics simulation of a supercooled binary Lennard-Jones mixture. By plotting the self intermediate scattering functions vs. rescaled time, we find a master curve in the $\beta$-relaxation regime. This master curve can be fitted well by a power-law for almost three decades in rescaled time and the scaling time, or relaxation time, has a power-law dependence on temperature. Thus the predictions of mode-coupling-theory on the existence of a von Schweidler law are found to hold for this system; moreover, the exponents in these two power-laws are very close to satisfying the exponent relationship predicted by the mode-coupling-theory. At low temperatures, the diffusion constants also show a power-law behavior with the same critical temperature. However, the exponent for diffusion differs from that of the relaxation time, a result that is in disagreement with the theory.
Criticality-based optimizations for efficient load processing

Some instructions have more impact on processor performance than others. Identification of these critical instructions can be used to modify and improve instruction processing. Previous work has shown that the criticality of instructions can be dynamically predicted with high accuracy, and that this information can be leveraged to optimize the performance of load value prediction and instruction steering for clustered architectures. In this work, we revisit the idea of criticality, but we propose several processor enhancements that can exploit criticality information and can be directly applied to modern x86 microarchitectures. For the investment of a small (less than 1KB) criticality predictor, we can make a conventional single-read-port data cache achieve the performance of an ideal dual-read-port cache, yielding an average 10% performance improvement. Our remaining techniques can reuse the predictor (i.e., no additional overhead) to further optimize other aspects of load processing (e.g., caching decisions, store-to-load forwarding, etc.), yielding an overall performance improvement of 16% over a conventional processor. Some of these techniques also allow us to decrease power and area costs for several related hardware structures.
Estimating the Esophagus Cancer Incidence Rate in Ardabil, Iran: A Capture-Recapture Method

Background: Accurate cancer registry and awareness of cancer incidence rate is essential in order to define strategies for cancer prevention and control programs. Capture-recapture methods have been recommended for reducing bias and increase the accuracy of cancer incidence estimation. Objectives: This study aimed to estimate the esophagus cancer incidence by capture-recapture method based on Ardabil population-based cancer registry data. Patients and Methods: Total new cases of esophagus cancer reported by three sources of pathology reports, medical records, and death certificates to Ardabil province cancer registry center in 2006 and 2008 were enrolled in the study. All duplicated cases between three sources were identified and removed using Excel software. Some characteristics such as name, surname, father’s name, date of birth and ICD codes related to their cancer type were used for data linkage and finding the common cases among three sources. The incidence rate per 100,000 was estimated based on capture-recapture method using the log-linear models. We used BIC, G2 and AIC statistics to select the best-fit model. Results: After removing duplicates, total 471 new cases of esophagus cancer were reported from three sources. The model with linkage between pathology reports, medical record sources and independence with the death certificates source was the best fitted model. The reported incidence rate for the years 2006 and 2008 was 18.77 and 18.51 per 100,000, respectively. In log-linear analysis, the estimated incidence rate for the years 2006 and 2008 was 49.71 and 53.87 per 100,000 populations, respectively. Conclusions: Based on the obtained results, it can be concluded that none of the sources of pathology reports, death certificates and medical records individually or collectively were fully covered the incidence cases of esophagus cancer and need to apply some changes in data abstracting and case finding.
A robust approach to high‐speed navigation for unrehearsed desert terrain

This article presents a robust approach to navigating at high speed across desert terrain. A central theme of this approach is the combination of simple ideas and components to build a capable and robust system. A pair of robots were developed, which completed a 212 km Grand Challenge desert race in approximately 7 h. A pathcentric navigation system uses a combination of LIDAR and RADAR based perception sensors to traverse trails and avoid obstacles at speeds up to 15 m/s. The onboard navigation system leverages a human‐based preplanning system to improve reliability and robustness. The robots have been extensively tested, traversing over 3500 km of desert trails prior to completing the challenge. This article describes the mechanisms, algorithms, and testing methods used to achieve this performance. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Obtaining Web services from relational databases

Database reverse engineering in general has only been used to recover the conceptual schema employed during its construction. To the best of our knowledge, none of this work has made use of that static structure to perform a deep analysis to infer functionality, or in other words, services over data that could be offered via Web services. Our work goes beyond the discovery of functionality, generating Web service-based applications to allow the remote access and management of legacy databases
Clinical applications of stereotactic radiation therapy for oligometastatic cancer patients: a disease-oriented approach

Oligometastases from solid tumors are currently recognized as a distinct clinical entity, corresponding to an intermediate state between local and widespread disease. It has been suggested that local ablative therapies (including surgery, radiofrequency ablation and radiation therapy) play an important role in this setting, in combination or not with systemic therapies, particularly in delaying disease progression and hopefully in increasing the median survival time. Stereotactic body radiation therapy (SBRT) rapidly emerged in recent years as one of the most effective and less toxic local treatment modalities for lung, liver, adrenal, brain and bone metastases. The aim of this review was to focus on its clinical role for oligometastatic disease in four major cancer subtypes: lung, breast, colorectal and prostate. On the basis of the available evidence, SBRT is able to provide high rates of local tumor control without significant toxicity. Its global impact on survival is uncertain; however, in specific subpopulations of oligometastatic patients there is a trend towards a significant improvement in progression-free and overall survival rates; these important data might be used as a platform for clinical decision-making and establish the basis for the current and future prospective trials investigating its role with or without systemic treatments.
Single-molecule imaging of electroporated dye-labelled CheY in live Escherichia coli

For the past two decades, the use of genetically fused fluorescent proteins (FPs) has greatly contributed to the study of chemotactic signalling in Escherichia coli including the activation of the response regulator protein CheY and its interaction with the flagellar motor. However, this approach suffers from a number of limitations, both biological and biophysical: for example, not all fusions are fully functional when fused to a bulky FP, which can have a similar molecular weight to its fused counterpart; they may interfere with the native interactions of the protein and the chromophores of FPs have low brightness and photostability and fast photobleaching rates. A recently developed technique for the electroporation of fluorescently labelled proteins in live bacteria has enabled us to bypass these limitations and study the in vivo behaviour of CheY at the single-molecule level. Here we show that purified CheY proteins labelled with organic dyes can be internalized into E. coli cells in controllable concentrations and imaged with video fluorescence microscopy. The use of this approach is illustrated by showing single CheY molecules diffusing within cells and interacting with the sensory clusters and the flagellar motors in real time. This article is part of the themed issue ‘The new bacteriology’.