Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
It’s just a (sexist) joke: comparing reactions to sexist versus racist communications

Abstract Two experiments test whether using humor moderates the effect of the type of prejudice (racist or sexist) on evaluations of discriminatory communications. Experiment 1 examined a) the offensiveness of sexist and racist humor and b) whether jokes were judged as confrontation-worthy compared to statements expressing the same prejudicial sentiment. Racist jokes and statements were rated as more offensive and confrontation-worthy than sexist statements and jokes, respectively. Additionally, sexist jokes were rated as less offensive than sexist statements. Experiment 2 examined a) the perceived appropriateness of three responses (ignoring, saying “that’s not funny,” or labeling as discrimination) to sexist or racist jokes and b) the likeability of the confronter. Saying “that’s not funny” was the most acceptable response to jokes, but labeling a racist joke as racism was perceived as more appropriate than labeling a sexist joke as sexism. Finally, confronters of racism were liked more than those who confronted sexism.
Making many-to-many parallel coordinate plots scalable by asymmetric biclustering

Datasets obtained through recently advanced measurement techniques tend to possess a large number of dimensions. This leads to explosively increasing computation costs for analyzing such datasets, thus making formulation and verification of scientific hypotheses very difficult. Therefore, an efficient approach to identifying feature subspaces of target datasets, that is, the subspaces of dimension variables or subsets of the data samples, is required to describe the essence hidden in the original dataset. This paper proposes a visual data mining framework for supporting semiautomatic data analysis that builds upon asymmetric biclustering to explore highly correlated feature subspaces. For this purpose, a variant of parallel coordinate plots, many-to-many parallel coordinate plots, is extended to visually assist appropriate selections of feature subspaces as well as to avoid intrinsic visual clutter. In this framework, biclustering is applied to dimension variables and data samples of the dataset simultaneously and asymmetrically. A set of variable axes are projected to a single composite axis while data samples between two consecutive variable axes are bundled using polygonal strips. This makes the visualization method scalable and enables it to play a key role in the framework. The effectiveness of the proposed framework has been empirically proven, and it is remarkably useful for many-to-many parallel coordinate plots.
Damage-mediated Phosphorylation of Human p53 Threonine 18 through a Cascade Mediated by a Casein 1-like Kinase

The p53 tumor suppressor protein is stabilized in response to ionizing radiation and accumulates in the nucleus. Stabilization is thought to involve disruption of the interaction between the p53 protein and Mdm2, which targets p53 for degradation. Here we show that the direct association between a p53 N-terminal peptide and Mdm2 is disrupted by phosphorylation of the peptide on Thr18 but not by phosphorylation at other N-terminal sites, including Ser15 and Ser37. Thr18 was phosphorylated in vitro by casein kinase (CK1); this process required the prior phosphorylation of Ser15. Thr18 was phosphorylated in vivo in response to DNA damage, and such phosphorylation required Ser15. Our results suggest that stabilization of p53 after ionizing radiation may result, in part, from an inhibition of Mdm2 binding through a phosphorylation-phosphorylation cascade involving DNA damage-activated phosphorylation of p53 Ser15 followed by phosphorylation of Thr18.
Improved Experimental Procedures for Achieving Efficient Germ Line Transmission of Nonobese Diabetic (NOD)-Derived Embryonic Stem Cells

The manipulation of a specific gene in NOD mice, the best animal model for insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (IDDM), must allow for the precise characterization of the functional involvement of its encoded molecule in the pathogenesis of the disease. Although this has been attempted by the cross-breeding of NOD mice with many gene knockout mice originally created on the 129 or C57BL/6 strain background, the interpretation of the resulting phenotype(s) has often been confusing due to the possibility of a known or unknown disease susceptibility locus (e.g., Idd locus) cosegregating with the targeted gene from the diabetes-resistant strain. Therefore, it is important to generate mutant mice on a pure NOD background by using NOD-derived embryonic stem (ES) cells. By using the NOD ES cell line established by Nagafuchi and colleagues in 1999 (FEBSLett., 455, 101–104), the authors reexamined various conditions in the context of cell culture, DNA transfection, and blastocyst injection, and achieved a markedly improved transmission efficiency of these NOD ES cells into the mouse germ line. These modifications will enable gene targeting on a “pure” NOD background with high efficiency, and contribute to clarifying the physiological roles of a variety of genes in the disease course of IDDM.
T-Cell Immunity to Infection with Dengue Virus in Humans

Dengue virus (DENV) is the etiologic agent of dengue fever, the most significant mosquito-borne viral disease in humans. Up to 400 million DENV infections occur every year, and severity can range from asymptomatic to an acute self-limiting febrile illness. In a small proportion of patients, the disease can exacerbate and progress to dengue hemorrhagic fever and/or dengue shock syndrome, characterized by severe vascular leakage, thrombocytopenia, and hemorrhagic manifestations. A unique challenge in vaccine development against DENV is the high degree of sequence variation, characteristically associated with RNA viruses. This is of particular relevance in the case of DENV since infection with one DENV serotype (primary infection) presumably affords life-long serotype-specific immunity but only partial and temporary immunity to other serotypes in secondary infection settings. The role of T cells in DENV infection and subsequent disease manifestations is not fully understood. According to the original antigenic sin theory, skewing of T-cell responses induced by primary infection with one serotype causes less effective response upon secondary infection with a different serotype, predisposing to severe disease. Our recent study has suggested an HLA-linked protective role for T cells. Herein, we will discuss the role of T cells in protection and pathogenesis from severe disease as well as the implications for vaccine design.
Emotion recognition in parents attending Child and Adolescent Mental Health Services

Objectives: This review aims to investigate whether parenting interventions lead to long-term positive outcomes for children’s mental health. Theoretical models of attachment suggest that parental sensitivity is a defining element in the development of positive mental health, yet there have been few substantive reviews investigating effects of parent-training on children’s internalising symptoms beyond an immediate post-training period. Methods: A systematic search identified 30 studies which directly addressed this question. These studies report on training for parents of 0-12 year-olds designed to promote the development of sensitivity or skill with addressing children’s emotional or social needs. Studies were included if they reported outcomes directly pertaining to children’s internalising symptoms at least 5 months post-intervention. Studies were categorised as low, moderate or high quality according to the degree of bias that had been controlled for in the study design. Results: 2 studies of high quality, 13 of moderate quality and 14 of low quality were included in the review. All significant positive results derived from low or moderate quality studies, and were outnumbered by studies reporting a no such effect. Conclusions: These results indicate relatively weak evidence supporting the claim that children’s internalising symptoms decrease in relation to parenting interventions. The review suggests that an alternative parent-training approach may be needed to elicit lasting improvements in this area.
ADHD in Adulthood: Is it Mere Persistence? A Whorfian Dilemma.

The present review sought to examine the validity of an Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) diagnosis in adults. Several problems were pointed out, beginning with the controversy surrounding an ADHD diagnosis in childhood. The main issue targeted was the disorder’s inconsistent manifestations across the child’s lifespan. These included the disappearance of hallmarks and inconsistent symptoms and epidemiology. Other problems rendering an adult-ADHD diagnosis problematic included ADHD’s poor specificity, high sensitivity, and the use of a retrospective diagnosis. The review suggests that ADHD’s apparent persistence could be the result of a childhood lived with the disorder, an ADHD comorbidity, or ADHD’s transformation into a non-ADHD disorder. As a result of the present discussion, it was concluded that adult-ADHD fulfills all requirements for validity, except for its being an independent disorder.
Population Growth Parameters of Tuta absoluta (Lepidoptera: Gelechiidae) on Tomato Plant Using Organic Substrate and Biofertilizers

The tomato leafminer, Tuta absoluta (Meyrick) is a devastating pest associated with tomato. In this study, effects of tomato plants treated with vermicompost (20, 40, and 60%), humic fertilizer (2, 4 and 6 g/kg soil) and plant growth promoting rhizobacteria (Pseudomonas fluorescens and Bacillus subtilis) were investigated on the life table parameters of T. absoluta in a growth chamber at 25 ± 2 °C, 65 ± 5% RH, and 16:8 (L:D) h. Significant differences were found for the total developmental time, fecundity, and oviposition period of T. absoluta on the treatments tested. The net reproductive rate (R0), intrinsic rate of natural increase (rm), finite rate of increase (λ), mean generation time (T), and doubling time (DT) of T. absoluta were significantly different among treatments tested. We found that in all vermicompost, humic fertilizer and plant growth promoting rhizobacteria treatments, values of R0, rm, and λ were lower than control treatment. However, the lowest values of these parameters were obtained on 2 g/kg humic fertilizer and 40% vermicompost. Furthermore, T. absoluta had longest T and DT values on 2 g/kg humic fertilizer treatment. Data obtained showed that the addition of 2 g/kg humic fertilizer and 40% vermicompost to the growing soil reduced T. absoluta populations in tomato cultures. In addition, these levels of fertilizers improved growth parameters of tomato seedlings (plant height, wet weight, and dry weight) compared with other treatments. These results could be useful in improving the sustainable management of the moth.
Fructose improves the ability of hyperglycemia per se to regulate glucose production in type 2 diabetes.

The ability of hyperglycemia per se to suppress endogenous glucose production (GP) is blunted in type 2 diabetes. This could be due in part to decreased glucose-induced flux through glucokinase (GK). Because fructose activates hepatic GK, we examined whether catalytic amounts of fructose could restore inhibition of GP by hyperglycemia in humans with type 2 diabetes. Glucose fluxes ([3-(3)H]glucose) were measured during euglycemia (5 mmol/l) and after abrupt onset of hyperglycemia (10 mmol/l; variable dextrose infusion) under fixed hormonal conditions (somatostatin infusion for 6 h with basal insulin/glucagon/growth hormone replacement). A total of 10 subjects with moderately controlled type 2 diabetes and 7 age- and BMI-matched nondiabetic subjects were studied on up to three separate occasions under the following conditions: without fructose (F(-)) or with infusion of fructose at two dosages: 0.6 mg/kg center dot min (low F) and 1.8 mg/kg center dot min (high F). Although GP failed to decrease in response to hyperglycemia in type 2 diabetes, the coinfusion of both doses of fructose was associated with comparable decreases in GP in response to hyperglycemia (low F = -27%, high F = -33%; P < 0.01 vs. F(-) at both dosages), which approached the 44% decline in GP observed without fructose in the nondiabetic subjects. GP responses to hyperglycemia were not altered by the addition of fructose in the nondiabetic group (low F = -47%, high F = -42%; P > 0.05 vs. F(-)). Thus, the administration of small amounts of fructose to type 2 diabetic subjects partially corrected the regulation of GP by hyperglycemia per se, yet did not affect this regulation in the nondiabetic subjects. This suggests that the liver's inability to respond to hyperglycemia in type 2 diabetes, likely caused by impaired GK activity, contributes substantially to the increased GP in these individuals.
Clinical Usefulness of EGFR Gene Copy Number as a Predictive Marker in Colorectal Cancer Patients Treated with Cetuximab: A Fluorescent In situ Hybridization Study

Purpose: To evaluate the usefulness and the pitfalls inherent to the assessment of the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) gene copy number (GCN) by fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) for outcome prediction to cetuximab in metastatic colorectal cancer. The value of testing KRAS mutation status, in addition to EGFR GCN, was also explored. Experimental Design: FISH analysis of 87 metastatic colorectal cancer patients treated with cetuximab was done, recording individual GCN per cell and using different samples per tumor. Performances of published cutoff points and different summaries of EGFR GCN distribution were assessed for response prediction. Results: In our data set, two published cutoff points performed less well than in their training set, yielding positive predictive values and negative predictive values between 40.0% and 48.3% and between 81.0% and 86.5%, respectively. Among summaries of GCN distribution explored, mean and right-tailed distribution of GCN yielded the highest performances. A mean EGFR GCN ≥2.83 provided an area under the curve of 0.71. Important heterogeneity of repeated measures of mean EGFR GCN was observed within tumors (intraclass correlation, 0.61; within-class SD, 0.40), leading to potential misclassifications of FISH status in 7 of 18 (38.8%) patients if a cutoff point were used. In multivariable analysis, EGFR GCN testing provided significant information independent of the KRAS status to predict response (P = 0.016) and overall survival (P = 0.005). Conclusions: We confirm the association between increased EGFR GCN and outcome after cetuximab. However, because of reproducibility concerns, any decision making based on published cutoff points is not warranted.
Personality and direct assessment of behaviour

A c c o r d i n g l y , an a l t e r n a t i v e approach based on d i r e c t assessment o f behaviour which may provide a b a s i s f o r the a m e l i o r a t i o n o f the: d i f f i c u l t i e s t h a t a p p a r e n t l y i n h e r e i n the former p o s i t i o n s , was proposed. More s p e c i f i c a l l y , a p e r s o n a l i t y dimension based on accumulated evidence was suggested and o f p a r t i c u l a r concern was the e x t e n t t o which people cons i s t e n t l y m a n i f e s t behaviour which can j u s t i f y the p o s t u l a t i o n o f two be h a v i o u r a l o r i e n t a t i o n s , s t y l e s o r p e r s o n a l i t y types. An e m p i r i c a l i n v e s t i g a t i o n o f the t r a n s s i t u a t i o n a l c o n s i s t e n c y o f p e r s i s t e n c e o f behav i o u r o f elementary s c h o o l c h i l d r e n was re p o r t e d . The r e s u l t s g e n e r a l l y supported the hypothesis t h a t the d i r e c t assessment o f behaviour across
Concepts for computer assisted engineering process management

This paper presents concepts for computer aided support of engineering processes. We briefly discuss the basic tenets of the engineering enterprise and fundamental design and analysis techniques. Then, process modeling definitions are given and extended to encompass engineering process capture. An architecture is introduced that comprises executive, coordination, and execution layers, intended to provide an information system infrastructure for computer assisted support of engineering activities.
Nested Implicit Runge-Kutta Method for Simulating Cardiac Cell Models

The simulation of the electrical activity in cardiac cells is known to require a large number of stiff ordinary differential equations (ODEs). This system of ODEs has been continually developed to provide an increasingly detailed description of cellular physiology. An efficient simulation is needed to contribute significantly in the numerical solution of two and three dimensional electrical activity of the myocardium. In this paper, we will be exploring the usage and efficiency of Gauss-type nested implicit Runge-Kutta technique to solve cardiac cell models. The method is of order 4 and has only explicit internal stage that leads to practical implementations. Comparison with other numerical methods employed in the context of electrocardiology will be presented.
Development Approach for e-Science Ontology: A Case Study in Biological Domain

This paper describes QDA ontology - Quality Driven Approach for e-Science Ontologies, composed of stages, activities, participants, artifacts and quality criteria. The development process is centered in an evolutionary model, therefore, cycles can be repeated at each ontology evolution. The proposal approach is illustrated with artifacts from Cell Component Ontology (CelO) construction process. This ontology captures both structure of a cell model and properties of functional components. We use this ontology in a Web project (CelOWS) to describe, query and compose CellML models, using semantic web services. For e-Science applications, integration with other ontologies is always a main goal to guarantee interoperability and semantic exchange, and the proposal highlights this step, as well as documentation and quality evaluation.
Evaluation of AllergiSense Smartphone Tools for Adrenaline Injection Training

Anaphylaxis is an increasingly prevalent life-threatening allergic condition that requires people with anaphylaxis and their caregivers to be trained in the avoidance of allergen triggers and in the administration of adrenaline autoinjectors. The prompt and correct administration of autoinjectors in the event of an anaphylactic reaction is a significant challenge in the management of anaphylaxis. Unfortunately, many people do not know how to use autoinjectors and either fail to use them or fail to use them correctly. This is due in part to deficiencies in training and also to the lack of a system encouraging continuous practice with feedback. Assistive smartphone healthcare technologies have demonstrated potential to support the management of chronic conditions such as diabetes and cardiovascular disease, but there have been deficiencies in their evaluation and there has been a lack of application to anaphylaxis. This paper describes AllergiSense, a smartphone app and sensing system for anaphylaxis management, and presents the results of a randomized, controlled, prepost evaluation of AllergiSense injection training and feedback tools with healthy participants. Participants whose training was supplemented with AllergiSense injection feedback achieved significantly better practiced injections with 90.5% performing correct injections compared to only 28.6% in the paper-only control group. In addition, the results provide insights into possible self-efficacy failings in traditional training and the benefits of embedding self-efficacy theory into the technology design process.
Long-distance communication and signal amplification in systemic acquired resistance

Systemic acquired resistance (SAR) is an inducible defense mechanism in plants that confers enhanced resistance against a variety of pathogens. SAR is activated in the uninfected systemic (distal) organs in response to a prior (primary) infection elsewhere in the plant. SAR is associated with the activation of salicylic acid (SA) signaling and the priming of defense responses for robust activation in response to subsequent infections. The activation of SAR requires communication by the primary infected tissues with the distal organs. The vasculature functions as a conduit for the translocation of factors that facilitate long-distance intra-plant communication. In recent years, several metabolites putatively involved in long-distance signaling have been identified. These include the methyl ester of SA (MeSA), the abietane diterpenoid dehydroabietinal (DA), the dicarboxylic acid azelaic acid (AzA), and a glycerol-3-phosphate (G3P)-dependent factor. Long-distance signaling by some of these metabolites also requires the lipid-transfer protein DIR1 (DEFECTIVE IN INDUCED RESISTANCE 1). The relative contribution of these factors in long-distance signaling is likely influenced by environmental conditions, for example light. In the systemic leaves, the AGD2-LIKE DEFENSE RESPONSE PROTEIN1 (ALD1)-dependent production of the lysine catabolite pipecolic acid (Pip), FLAVIN-DEPENDENT MONOOXYGENASE1 (FMO1) signaling, as well as SA synthesis and downstream signaling are required for the activation of SAR. This review summarizes the involvement and interaction between long-distance SAR signals and details the recently discovered role of Pip in defense amplification and priming that allows plants to acquire immunity at the systemic level. Recent advances in SA signaling and perception are also highlighted.
On the Age Estimation of LBDS 53W091

The recent spectral analysis of LBDS 53W091 by Spinrad and his collaborators has suggested that this red galaxy at z = 1.552 is at least 3.5 Gyr old. This imposes an important constraint on cosmology, suggesting that this galaxy formed at z ≳ 6.5, assuming recent estimates of cosmological parameters. While their analysis was heavily focused on the use of some UV spectral breaks as age indicators, we have performed χ2 tests to the continuum of this galaxy using its UV spectrum and photometric data (R, J, H, and K: 2000-9000 Å in rest frame). We have used the updated Yi models that are based on the Yale tracks. We find it extremely difficult to reproduce such large age estimates, under the assumption of the most probable input parameters. Using the same configuration as in Spinrad et al. (conventional solar abundance models), our analysis suggests an age of approximately 1.4-1.8 Gyr. We have improved our models over conventional ones by taking into account convective core overshoot in the stellar model calculations and realistic metallicity distributions in the galaxy population synthesis. Overshoot affects the visible continuum normalized to the UV and raises the photometry-based age estimates by 25%. The use of metallicity mixtures affects the whole spectrum and raises all continuum-based age estimates by up to a factor of 2. If the mean metallicity of the stars in this galaxy is assumed to be twice solar, the models including these two effects match the UV spectrum and photometric data of LBDS 53W091 near the age of 1.5-2.0 Gyr. Our results cannot be easily reconciled with that of Spinrad et al. The discrepancy between Spinrad et al.'s age estimate (based on the Jimenez models) and ours originates from the large difference in the model integrated spectrum: the Jimenez models are much bluer than the Yi models and the Bruzual & Charlot models. We propose to apply some viable tests to them for verification and search for the origin of the difference through a more thorough investigation. Considering the significance of the age estimates of distant galaxies as probes of cosmology, it would be an urgent task.