Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Trends in the Development of Machinery and Associated Technology ” TMT 2007 , Hammamet , Tunisia , 05-09 September , 2007 . MACHINING STABILITY AND MACHINE TOOL DYNAMICS Erhan

Machining is a common manufacturing process in industry due to its high flexibility and ability to produce parts which excellent quality. The productivity and quality in machining operations can be limited by several process constraints one of which is the self-excited chatter vibrations. Under certain conditions, the process may become unstable yielding oscillations with high amplitudes which result in poor surface finish and damage to the cutting tool, part and the machine tool itself. Stability analysis of the dynamic cutting process can be used to determine chatter-free machining conditions with high material removal rate. Since chatter is a result of the dynamic interactions between the process and the structures both cutting and machine tool dynamics are important elements of the stability analysis. In this paper, methods developed for stability analysis of cutting processes and machine tool dynamics will be presented. Implications of these methods in the selection of process parameters and machine tool design will be also discussed with example applications.
Role of nitrosative stress in early neuropathy and vascular dysfunction in streptozotocin-diabetic rats.

Evidence for important roles of the highly reactive oxidant peroxynitrite in diabetic complications is emerging. We evaluated the role of peroxynitrite in early peripheral neuropathy and vascular dysfunction in STZ-diabetic rats. In the first dose-finding study, control and STZ-diabetic rats were maintained with or without the potent peroxynitrite decomposition catalyst Fe(III)tetrakis-2-(N-triethylene glycol monomethyl ether) pyridyl porphyrin (FP15) at 3, 5, or 10 mg.kg(-1). day(-1) in the drinking water for 4 wk after an initial 2 wk without treatment for assessment of early neuropathy. In the second study with similar experimental design, control and STZ-diabetic rats were maintained with or without FP15, 5 mg.kg(-1). day(-1), for vascular studies. Rats with 6-wk duration of diabetes developed motor and sensory nerve conduction velocity deficits, mechanical hyperalgesia, and tactile allodynia in the absence of small sensory nerve fiber degeneration. They also had increased nitrotyrosine and poly(ADP-ribose) immunofluorescence in the sciatic nerve and dorsal root ganglia. All these variables were dose-dependently corrected by FP15, with minimal differences between the 5 and 10 mg.kg(-1). day(-1) doses. FP15, 5 mg.kg(-1). day(-1), also corrected endoneurial nutritive blood flow and nitrotyrosine, but not superoxide, fluorescence in aorta and epineurial arterioles. Diabetes-induced decreases in acetylcholine-mediated relaxation by epineurial arterioles and coronary and mesenteric arteries, as well as bradykinin-induced relaxation by coronary and mesenteric arteries, were alleviated by FP15 treatment. The findings reveal the important role of nitrosative stress in early neuropathy and vasculopathy and provide the rationale for further studies of peroxynitrite decomposition catalysts in long-term diabetic models.
Ultra low power full adder circuit using carbon nanotube field effect transistor

After the invention of the MOSFET, continuous scaling of the device is going on as predicted by Moore in 1970. This reduction in device size is giving higher performance in terms of increased speed, lower power consumption at lower cost with greater chip density. At the same time, because of the scaling, the channel length is decreasing continuously leading to short-channel effects (SCE) in nanoscale regime. To overcome these limitations many alternate devices are proposed. Among these various alternative devices, carbon nanotube field effect transistor (CNTFET) is found to be one of the most promising alternatives for MOSFET. The CNTFET is a field effect transistor in which a carbon nanotube (CNT) is used in the channel region. In this paper we have used CNTFETs for designing a 10 transistor adder circuit, from which power, delay and power delay products are calculated. We have then calculated all these performance parameters for CMOS logic and compared the results with that obtained for CNTFET logic. The comparison shows circuits using CNTFET consumes almost 80 percent less power compared to its CMOS counterpart and hence advantageous over CMOS design.
User Name Disambiguation in Community Question Answering

Community question answering sites provide us convenient and interactive platforms for problem solving and knowledge sharing, which are attracting an increasing number of users. Accordingly, it will be very common that different people have the same user name. When a query question is given, some potential answer providers would be recommended to the asker in the form of user name. However, some user names are ambiguous and not unique in the community. To help question askers match the ambiguous user names with the right people, in this paper, we propose to disambiguate same-name users by ranking their tag-based relevance to a query question. Empirical studies on three community question answering datasets demonstrate that our method is effective for disambiguating user names in community question answering.
Confronting Bias Through Teaching

Research in social psychology has the potential to address real-world issues involving racial stereotyping, prejudice, and discrimination. Literature on confrontation suggests that addressing racism can be seen as a persuasive act that will allow for more effective interpersonal interactions. In this article, we explore the persuasive communication literature in the context of classroom education on the pervasiveness of racial bias. We examine some of the challenges instructors might face from students. Finally, we suggest strategies that might allow for a more effective classroom experience.
Bimodal Emotion Recognition from Speech and Text

This paper presents an approach to emotion recognition from speech signals and textual content. In the analysis of speech signals, thirty-seven acoustic features are extracted from the speech input. Two different classifiers Support Vector Machines (SVMs) and BP neural network are adopted to classify the emotional states. In text analysis, we use the two-step classification method to recognize the emotional states. The final emotional state is determined based on the emotion outputs from the acoustic and textual analyses. In this paper we have two parallel classifiers for acoustic information and two serial classifiers for textual information, and a final decision is made by combing these classifiers in decision level fusion. Experimental results show that the emotion recognition accuracy of the integrated system is better than that of either of the two individual approaches.
Stochastic Volatility, Trading Volume, and the Daily Flow of Information

We use state-space methods to investigate the relation between volume, volatility, and ARCH effects within a mixture of distributions hypothesis (MDH) framework. Most recent studies of the MDH fit AR(1) specifications that require the information flow to be highly persistent. Using a more general specification, we find evidence of a large nonpersistent component of volatility that is closely related to the contemporaneous nonpersistent component of volume. However, in contrast to studies that fit volume-augmented GARCH models, we find no evidence that volume subsumes ARCH effects. Since volume-augmented GARCH models are subject to simultaneity bias, our findings should be more robust than these prior results.
The Coxiella burnetii Dot/Icm System Delivers a Unique Repertoire of Type IV Effectors into Host Cells and Is Required for Intracellular Replication

Coxiella burnetii, the causative agent of human Q fever, is an intracellular pathogen that replicates in an acidified vacuole derived from the host lysosomal network. This pathogen encodes a Dot/Icm type IV secretion system that delivers bacterial proteins called effectors to the host cytosol. To identify new effector proteins, the functionally analogous Legionella pneumophila Dot/Icm system was used in a genetic screen to identify fragments of C. burnetii genomic DNA that when fused to an adenylate cyclase reporter were capable of directing Dot/Icm-dependent translocation of the fusion protein into mammalian host cells. This screen identified Dot/Icm effectors that were proteins unique to C. burnetii, having no overall sequence homology with L. pneumophila Dot/Icm effectors. A comparison of C. burnetii genome sequences from different isolates revealed diversity in the size and distribution of the genes encoding many of these effectors. Studies examining the localization and function of effectors in eukaryotic cells provided evidence that several of these proteins have an affinity for specific host organelles and can disrupt cellular functions. The identification of a transposon insertion mutation that disrupts the dot/icm locus was used to validate that this apparatus was essential for translocation of effectors. Importantly, this C. burnetii Dot/Icm-deficient mutant was found to be defective for intracellular replication. Thus, these data indicate that C. burnetii encodes a unique subset of bacterial effector proteins translocated into host cells by the Dot/Icm apparatus, and that the cumulative activities exerted by these effectors enables C. burnetii to successfully establish a niche inside mammalian cells that supports intracellular replication.
The Crowdsourcing Scheme as an Innovative Management Tool in University Spin-Offs

Crowdsourcing is an emerging technique adopted by companies in the process of innovation. It can be also adopted by university spin-offs that play the significant role in the process of knowledge and technology transfer. In recent years, they have been researched from diverse perspectives. However, there are hardly any studies based on university spin-offs that have implemented crowdsourcing. This chapter presents how crowdsourcing business model might be applied to develop a university spin-off. The paper explains the rationale behind the adaptation of crowdsourcing by innovation-driven spin-offs. One overarching question of the chapter is “Can crowdsourcing be well adopted by university spin-offs? ” Our study will open new paths for research and discussion, and its results will be supportive for decision making in the context of innovation and entrepreneurship. The logic of this paper is to speculate how university spin-offs can create value with the groups of online users through adopting crowdsourcing in its operation.
Estimating International Adverse Selection in Annuities

Abstract It is well known that purchasers of annuities have lower mortality than the general population. Less widely known is the quantitative extent of this adverse selection and how it varies across countries. This paper proposes and applies several methods for comparing alternative mortality tables and illustrates their impact on annuity valuation for men and women in the U.S. and the U.K. Our results indicate that the relatively lower mortality among older Americans who purchase annuities is equivalent to using a discount rate that is 50–100 basis points below the U.K. rate for compulsory annuitants or 10–20 basis points lower than the U.K. rate for voluntary annuitants. We then draw on the mortality experience of over half a billion lives to estimate mortality differentials due to varying degrees of adverse selection controlling for country, gender, and an allowance for mortality improvements. Results show that adverse selection associated with the purchase of individual annuities reduces mortality rates by at least 25% in the international context. We also find that the system of mortality tables used to value Japanese annuities is quite distinct from international norms. ‡
Virtual Human Representation and Communication in VLNET Networked Virtual Environment

The pace in computing, graphics and networking technologies together with the demand from real-life applications made it a requirement to develop more realistic virtual environments (VEs). Realism not only includes believable appearance and simulation of the virtual world, but also implies the natural representation of participants. This representation fulfils several functions: - The visual embodiment of the user, - The means of interaction with the world, - The means of feeling various attributes of the world using the senses. The realism in participant representation involves two elements: believable appearance and realistic movements. This becomes even more important in multiuser networked virtual environments (NVE), as participants' representation is used for communication. A NVE can be defined as a single environment which is shared by multiple participants connected from a different host. The local program of the participants typically store the whole or a subset of the scene description, and they use their own avatars to move around the scene and render from their own viewpoint. This avatar representation in NVEs has crucial functions in addition to those of single-user virtual environments: - perception (to see if anyone is around) - localization (to see where the other person is) - identification (to recognize the person) - visualization of others' interest focus (to see where the person's attention is directed) - visualization of others' actions (to see what the other person is doing and what she means through gestures )
A new MANETs clustering algorithm based on nodes performances

A mobile ad hoc network (MANET) is a dynamic wireless network which can be formed without the need for any pre-existing infrastructure in which each node can act as a router. In comparison with fixed networks, some new security issues have arisen with the introduction of MANETs. Secure routing, in particular, is an important and complicated issue. Organizing mobile nodes into manageable clusters can limit the amount of secure routing information. Under a cluster structure, mobile nodes are managed by nodes called cluster heads. The clusterhead role is resource consuming since its always switched on and is responsible for the long-range transmission. If a node has this role, it would burn its resource quickly, and after it died, all its members would be headless. In this work, we propose a new clustering algorithm for ad hoc networks, where the clusters are formed around the most powerful nodes, i.e, the node that has the best material resources such as residual energy, free memory, processor speed and hard disk space is elected as cluster head. Our algorithm takes into account the node range by including in our calculation the node density. Therefore, we are sure that the cluster head is represented by the most powerful and the less mobile node in the network that can perform its roles in the best conditions. This solution will be used to manage cryptographic keys in an ad hoc network. Our algorithm gives major improvements regarding the number and the performance of elected cluster heads. Analysis and simulation results are used to show the performance of our algorithm, compared with other clustering algorithms in literature.
Crafting knowledge exchange in the social science agenda

To any social science researcher the term “Knowledge Exchange” is a key buzzword in the academic community and wider society. In an article by Contandriopoulos, Lemire, Denis, and Tremblay (2010, p. 456) it was pointed out that knowledge exchange “rests on an implicit commonsense notion that this ‘knowledge’ must be evidence based”. This evidence, based within a social science context, relies upon two strands: theoretical data and empirical data. When examining the notion of Knowledge Exchange it becomes apparent that the concept has deep and meaningful connotations. These connotations have been driven by the involvements of the public and private sectors. Moreover, work carried out by Benneworth and Cunha (2015, p. 509) concludes that higher education institutions’ involvement in knowledge exchange “remains dynamic and influenced by universities” own strategic choices and relationships’. Traditionally, universities have had two key missions: to teach undergraduate/postgraduate students and to undertake research. Striukova and Rayna (2015, p. 488) have recently observed that universities now have a third mission, “knowledge exchange”, and that knowledge exchange plays a vital “integral part of the mix, without which the other two missions cannot run successfully. ” Knowledge exchange is also a fundamental feature of “sustainable communities” (Powell, 2013) through the partnerships between HEIs and communities by which they serve. This is a point we will return to.
Optimal decentralized formation of k-member partnerships (May 9, 2010)

oTo keep pace with constantly changing markets, many companies are seeking strategic partnerships. In this paper, we assume that a company can electronically provide a prole of the product or service it has to offer. This prole is described in such a way that potential partners can assess the tness of the company for eventually teaming up. We concentrate on the fully decentralized optimal formation of teams consisting of k members. This problem boils down to developing a decentralized, efcient algorithm for solving a variant of the maximal weighted k-subgraph problem. We provide a rst solution, along with an assessment of its perfor- mance, thereby concentrating on the feasibility of an actual embedding in real-world scenarios consisting of thousands of companies. In particular, any solution should be highly adaptive when new or fresh information concerning potential partners comes available.
Acetylated Triterpene Glycosides and Their Biological Activity from Holothuroidea Reported in the Past Six Decades

Sea cucumbers have been valued for many centuries as a tonic and functional food, dietary delicacies and important ingredients of traditional medicine in many Asian countries. An assortment of bioactive compounds has been described in sea cucumbers. The most important and abundant secondary metabolites from sea cucumbers are triterpene glycosides (saponins). Due to the wide range of their potential biological activities, these natural compounds have gained attention and this has led to their emergence as high value compounds with extended application in nutraceutical, cosmeceutical, medicinal and pharmaceutical products. They are characterized by bearing a wide spectrum of structures, such as sulfated, non-sulfated and acetylated glycosides. Over 700 triterpene glycosides have been reported from the Holothuroidea in which more than 145 are decorated with an acetoxy group having 38 different aglycones. The majority of sea cucumber triterpene glycosides are of the holostane type containing a C18 (20) lactone group and either Δ7(8) or Δ9(11) double bond in their genins. The acetoxy group is mainly connected to the C-16, C-22, C-23 and/or C-25 of their aglycone. Apparently, the presence of an acetoxy group, particularly at C-16 of the aglycone, plays a significant role in the bioactivity; including induction of caspase, apoptosis, cytotoxicity, anticancer, antifungal and antibacterial activities of these compounds. This manuscript highlights the structure of acetylated saponins, their biological activity, and their structure-activity relationships.
Excavating Culture: Summary of Results

This is a companion paper to the seven articles also published in this special issue of Applied Developmental Science. This paper summarizes and discusses the results from common analyses that were conducted on different datasets. The common analyses were designed to disentangle contextual and ethnic influences on parenting. Initial ethnic group differences were found in many of the datasets with multiple ethnic groups. Although certain ethnic group differences were explained by contextual influences, some ethnic group differences remained after contextual influences were controlled. Follow-up analyses with datasets containing cultural variables revealed within group differences in the degree to which ethnic differences in parenting may be accounted for by contextual factors versus culturally-specific processes. Methodological and theoretical implications are discussed and future directions are offered.
A Study on Obstacle Avoiding Rectilinear Steiner Tree Algorithms

The Rectilinear steiner tree problem is to find a minimum length rectilinear interconnection of a set of points in the plane. In practical routing applications, macro cells, IP blocks, and prerouted nets are the obstacles present in the routing area. Obstacle avoiding Rectilinear Steiner minimal tree algorithms are useful for practical routing applications. This paper presents a comprehensive survey on Techniques of OARST, with an emphasis on the problems routing multiple nets with good wirelength and time efficiency in VLSI circuits under various design styles. The survey begins with a coverage of traditional approaches such as modeling geometric problem to different kind of graph problem and then discusses other approaches such as steiner point selection method, Full steiner tree method or Maze routing method, which have attracted a good deal of attention recently. The group of OARSMT techniques and several of its variants are then overviewed. While many traditional techniques focus on the conventional objective of managing good wirelength and time among complex rectilinear obstacles, newer objectives have come into play with the advances in VLSI technology. This Paper is intended to survey various Obstacle avoiding Rectilinear Steiner tree algorithms available till date
Use of the Three-Spined Stickleback (Gasterosteus aculeatus) As a Sensitive in Vivo Test for Detection of Environmental Antiandrogens

We have previously shown that exposure to exogenous androgens causes female sticklebacks (Gasterosteus aculeatus) to produce the glue protein, spiggin, in their kidneys. This protein can be quantified by an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay developed and validated at the Centre for Environment, Fisheries and Aquaculture Science. Here we report the development of an in vivo test for the detection of environmental antiandrogens. The system involves the simultaneous exposure of female sticklebacks to 17α-methyltestosterone (a model androgen) at 500 ng/L and suspected environmental antiandrogens over a period of 21 days. The spiggin content of the kidneys is then measured, and any antiandrogenic activity is evaluated by comparing the spiggin levels of female fish exposed to antiandrogens to those of female fish exposed solely to the model androgen. The assay detects the antiandrogenic activity of flutamide, vinclozolin (both used at 250 μg/L), linuron (at 150 μg/L), and fenitrothion (at 15 and 150 μg/L). These results provide the first evidence of in vivo antiandrogenic activity of both linuron and fenitrothion in teleosts. Although there are other suggested fish species that could be used for this purpose, the stickleback is the only widely available species in which it is now possible to study both estrogenic and antiandrogenic end points in the same individual. Furthermore, the species is endemic and ubiquitous in Europe, and it possesses many ecological traits that make it better suited than other potential species for field research into endocrine disruption.