Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Ultrasonic Attenuation Caused by Thermoelastic Heat Flow

Expressions for the attenuation of sound waves in a standard linear viscoelastic body have been derived and have been applied to the attenuation due to the thermoelastic effect.The thermoelastic attenuation for sound waves has been computed for single crystals and polycrystalline materials under application of the high‐frequency approximation of sound propagation. For single crystals the attenuation in the main propagation directions have been computed explicitly for cubic and hexagonal crystals taking into account the anisotropy of the elastic properties and thermal expansion.Comparison with experiments in the megacycle region shows that the attenuation caused by heat flow between the grains of a polycrystalline specimen is usually overpowered by scattering at the grain structure. Also the computed attenuation caused by heat flow between the regions of compressions and rarefaction of the wave is for many materials much smaller than the measured values.For single crystals of certain metals, however, the c.
Optimal control of service in tandem queues

Customers arrive in a Poisson stream into a network consisting of two M/M/1 service stations in tandem. The service rate u \in [0, a] at station 1 is to be selected as a function of the state ( x_{1}, x_{2} ) where x i is the number of customers at station i so as to minimize the expected total discounted or average cost corresponding to the instantaneous cost c_{1}x_{1} + c_{2}x_{2} . The optimal policy is of the form u=a or u=0 according as x_{1} and S is a switching function. For the case of discounted cost, the optimal process can be nonergodic, but it is ergodic for the case of average cost.
Three-dimensional noniterative full-vectorial beam propagation method based on the alternating direction implicit method

The alternating direction implicit (ADI) method is adopted in the full-vectorial beam propagation formulation, which was discretized in the longitudinal direction via the standard Crank-Nicholson scheme. Through proper operator decomposition, operator inversions for the cross coupling terms existing in the full-vectorial formulation are avoided and second order accuracy along the propagation direction is achieved in the proposed algorithm. With the aid of the ADI method, our full-vectorial algorithm also has good performance in efficiency. This implicit scheme can theoretically be shown to be numerically unconditionally stable. Several numerical simulations have been performed and compared with those obtained by the finite difference mode solving scheme based on the shifted inverse power method (SIPM) in order to examine the accuracy of our algorithm.
SOME NEW TRIPLANES OF ORDER TWELVE

Up to isomorphism there are 72 symmetric (71,15,3) designs admitting an automorphism of order 6 acting with one xed point. Full automorphism groups of those designs are isomorphic to one of the following groups: S3 E4, A4 Z2, E4 A4, E8 : F21, (E8 : F21) Z2.
Readout electronics and fast photometry with the Canarias InfraRed Camera Experiment (CIRCE)

We present the design for a high-speed readout imaging mode for the Canarias InfraRed Camera Experiment (CIRCE), a visitor-class near-IR imager, spectrograph, and polarimeter for the 10.4 meter Gran Telescopio Canarias (GTC). This mode, along with the polarimetric and spectroscopic capabilities of the instrument will provide a powerful and unique instrument for the study of fast variability objects. Modification in the firmware of the readout control electronics of the HAWAII-2 2048×2048 detector will allow us to select the effective detector size and hence reduce the readout time. We present a description of the final design along with a discussion of potential future improvements.
A parabolic variational inequality arising from the valuation of fixed rate mortgages

In this paper a one-dimensional parabolic variational inequality which typically arises in option pricing of fixed rate mortgage loan is studied. The main goal is to study the properties of the free boundary. The monotonicity and $C^\infty$ smoothness of free boundary are proved and its behavior near expiry is considered as well.
MULTIWAVELENGTH OBSERVATIONS OF GRB 110731A: GeV EMISSION FROM ONSET TO AFTERGLOW

We report on the multiwavelength observations of the bright, long gamma-ray burst GRB 110731A, by the Fermi and Swift observatories, and by the MOA and GROND optical telescopes. The analysis of the prompt phase reveals that GRB 110731A shares many features with bright Large Area Telescope bursts observed by Fermi during the first three years on-orbit: a light curve with short time variability across the whole energy range during the prompt phase, delayed onset of the emission above 100 MeV, extra power-law component and temporally extended high-energy emission. In addition, this is the first GRB for which simultaneous GeV, X-ray, and optical data are available over multiple epochs beginning just after the trigger time and extending for more than 800 s, allowing temporal and spectral analysis in different epochs that favor emission from the forward shock in a wind-type medium. The observed temporally extended GeV emission is most likely part of the high-energy end of the afterglow emission. Both the single-zone pair transparency constraint for the prompt signal and the spectral and temporal analysis of the forward-shock afterglow emission independently lead to an estimate of the bulk Lorentz factor of the jet Γ ∼ 500–550.
A speech microscope

The speech microscope is a software system designed to conveniently record, store, display, playback, and analyse the waveform of speech signals. The system is highly interactive, allowing control of a variety of options through a keyboard and display oscilloscope. A display window enables the user to “walk through” a recorded sound and examine successive segments of the waveform. The window acts as a “temporal microscope,” showing a whole syllable at a time or only a few milliseconds. For any segment, the user may obtain a spectral or linear prediction analysis. An analysis window (rectangular, Kaiser, cosine) appropriate for the signal is selected and the program then calculates the discrete Fourier transform and linear‐prediction coefficients. The linear prediction analysis provides center frequencies and bandwidths of formants and the vocal tract function. The user can then select any of a variety of printouts, such as copies of waveform segments, the waveform with phase spectrum, etc. The temporal fl.
Collision Rates of Cloud Droplets in Turbulent Flow.

Direct numerical simulations of an evolving turbulent flow field have been performed to explore how turbulence affects the motion and collisions of cloud droplets. Large numbers of droplets are tracked through the flow field and their positions, velocities, and collision rates have been found to depend on the eddy dissipation rate of turbulent kinetic energy. The radial distribution function, which is a measure of the preferential concentration of droplets, increases with eddy dissipation rate. When droplets are clustered there is an increased probability of finding two droplets closely separated; thus, there is an increase in the collision kernel. For the flow fields explored in this study, the clustering effect accounts for an increase in the collision kernel of 8%–42%, as compared to the gravitational collision kernel. The spherical collision kernel is also a function of the radial relative velocities among droplets and these velocities increase from 1.008 to 1.488 times the corresponding gravitational value. For an eddy dissipation rate of about 100 cm 2 s 3 , the turbulent collision kernel is 1.06 times the magnitude of the gravitational value, while for an eddy dissipation rate of 1500 cm 2 s 3 , this increases to 2.08 times. Therefore, these results demonstrate that turbulence could play an important role in the broadening and evolution of the droplet size distribution and the onset of precipitation.
PhysioCell^®; — a Novel, Bio-relevant Dissolution Apparatus: Hydrodynamic Conditions and Factors Influencing the Dissolution Dynamics

The physiologically relevant dissolution apparatuses simulate various aspects of gastrointestinal physiology and help to understand and predict the in vivo behavior of an oral dosage form. In this paper, we present and characterize for the first time a novel bio-relevant dissolution apparatus — PhysioCell ^®;. We evaluated the impact of several factors on the hydrodynamic conditions in the key vessel of the apparatus — the StressCell. We observed that the medium flow rate, but not the glass beads’ size or amount, significantly influenced the dissolution rate. The relationship was disproportional: the increase in the flow rate from 4.6 to 9.0 mL/min reduced the dissolution time of 85% (T_85) of the NaCl tablet by 46%, but from 134 to 300 mL/min decreased the T_85 only by 24%. At the same time, the contractions of the StressCell’s elastic walls promoted the content mixing and enhanced the dissolution rate of the paracetamol tablets: even very rare mixing contractions (1 per 10 min) decreased the T_85 over twofold for the flow rate of 8 mL/min. In conclusion, the hydrodynamic conditions in the StressCell affect the dissolution of solid dosage forms and the understanding of these effects is crucial for modeling physiologically-based test conditions in the novel apparatus. Combinations of the unique PhysioCell ^®;features — adjustable medium flow, temperature control, controllable pH gradients and predefined mechanical agitation — can create a set of dissolution test scenarios for characterization of oral dosage forms and, in the future, making the in vitro - in vivo predictions. Graphical Abstract
An Overview of Taste-Masking Technologies: Approaches, Application, and Assessment Methods

It is well-known that plenty of active pharmaceutical ingredients (API) inherently possess an unpleasant taste, which influences the acceptance of patients, especially children. Therefore, manufacturing taste-masked dosage forms has attracted a lot of attention. This review describes in detail the taste-masking technologies based on the difference in the taste transmission mechanism which is currently available. In particular, the review highlights the application of various methods, with a special focus on how to screen the appropriate masking technology according to the properties of API. Subsequently, we overviewed how to assess taste-masking efficacy, guiding researchers to rationally design taste-masking formulations. Graphical Abstract
Homogenization of bone elasticity based on tissue‐independent (‘universal’) phase properties

As candidates for tissue‐independent phase properties of cortical and trabecular bone we consider (i) hydroxyapatite, (ii) collagen, (iii) ultrastructural water and non‐collagenous proteins, and (iv) marrow (water) filling the Haversian canals and the intertrabecular space. From experiments reported in the literature, we assign stiffness properties to these phases (experimental set I).
MAKING HOMEWORKING WORK: PREFERENCES AND EXPERIENCES OF FULL-TIME WORKERS DURING COVID-19

SUMMARY The COVID-19 pandemic has forced a large section of the global labour force who were working in centralised locations to suddenly switch to homeworking. This report uses primary longitudinal data from two surveys of 808 full-time workers in the UK which were conducted before (Nov 2019-Feb 2020) and during (May-June 2020) the period of COVID-19 restrictions in order to examine the impact of COVID-19 and homeworking on workers’ homeworking preferences and on their self-rated levels of stress, well-being and productivity.
Interannual Covariance between Japan Summer Precipitation and Western North Paciﬁc SST

A statistical analysis is conducted of the covariance between summer precipitation in Japan and concurrent variations of sea surface temperature (SST) in the Western North Paciﬁc (WNP; 120–160 (cid:1) E, 0–60 (cid:1) N). To this end, a singular value decomposition (SVD) is applied to observed monthly anomalies of the two ﬁelds for the period 1961–1998 (38 summer seasons). The ﬁrst coupled mode of the SVD explains as much as 71% of the total cross-covariance between WNP SST and Baiu precipitation. It is characterized by a zonally elongated dipole in the SST anomaly with opposite loadings on either side of about 30 (cid:1) N and a precipitation anomaly with its maximum in southern Japan. The patterns indicate a negative correlation between Japan’s summer precipitation and the sea surface temperature in the East China Sea, Japan Sea and Kuroshio-Oyashio extension. Simpler composite analyses conﬁrm the robustness of the coupling. In a linear regression analysis, the score of the WNP SST explains 30% of the domain mean summer precipitation variance, which is larger than the variance accounted for by lagged and concurrent ENSO-indices. Composites related to the mode’s precipitation score were found to support both directions of the atmosphere–ocean interaction. On the one hand, the anomalies in radiation and evaporation at the sea surface would be sufﬁciently large to induce the observed temperature variations in the northern pole of the SST pattern. On the other hand, the possibility for an atmospheric response to the SST is supported by the consistency of anomalies in lower–tropospheric baroclinicity and moisture ﬂux divergence with the underlying SST distribution.
Actinomycosis of parotid gland after maxillary molar extraction, case report and review of literature

Although actinomycosis is frequently seen in the cervicofacial region, it is very rare in the parotid gland. Furthermore, it can be confused with salivary gland malignancies in imaging. The most important underlying causes are cervicofacial trauma, tooth extraction history and poor oral hygiene. A 43-year-old male patient was admitted to otorhinolaryngology department with a complaint of progressive swelling on his cheek. The histopathological examination of fine-needle aspiration (FNA) biopsy showed acute suppurative polymorphous leukocytes and actinomycese hyphae balls within histiocytes. The patient was started on amoxicillin 2 gm per day for two months. With antibiotherapy, the swelling in the patient's parotid gland decreased and completely healed at the end of six months. Primary parotid actinomycosis has been rarely reported in the literature, differential diagnosis is usually problematic as both clinical and radiological findings may mimic parotid tumour; however, it can be useful to apply FNA cytology for a quick diagnosis and treatment.
Visualizing and Ranking the Influence of Users who Post Memes in Social Networks

Memes evolve and mutate through their diffusion in social media. They have the potential to propagate ideas and, by extension, products. Many studies have focused on memes, but none so far, to our knowledge, on the users who post them, their relationships, and the reach of their influence. In this project, we define a meme influence graph together with suitable metrics to visualize and quantify influence between users who post memes. Then, we describe a process to implement our definitions using a new approach to meme detection based on text-to-image area ratio and contrast. After applying our method to a set of users of the Instagram platform, we conclude that our metrics add information to already existing user characteristics and that our methodology can also be used to study the popularity of memes types among the users.
Enhanced assessment of a supplier selection problem by integration of soft sets and hesitant fuzzy linguistic term set

Selecting the most appropriate supplier is a key issue in supply chain management and is linked to the success of the entire supply chain. Supplier selection is a multiple-criteria decision-making problem that has qualitative and quantitative factors. The traditional method by which this is calculated adopts a precise value or single linguistic terms to represent attribute data. However, real-life situations have many uncertainties and imprecise or missing data with regard to supplier selection. Moreover, experts equivocate between several values in assessing attribute data in real-world situations. These factors increase the difficulty selecting suppliers, causing decision-makers to make incorrect choices. To solve this issue, we present an integrated approach, using a soft set and hesitant fuzzy linguistic term set, for selecting the appropriate supplier in the supply chain. A practical example of liquid crystal display module supplier selection is presented to illustrate the proposed approach, the results of which are compared with those of the arithmetic average method and hesitant fuzzy linguistic term set method. The proposed approach effectively solves the problems of incomplete attribute data and expert hesitation in assessing attribute data.
Robust Two-Dimensional Tree Encoding of Images

A class of robust two-dimensional (2-D) tree coding procedures are described for efficient encoding of monochrome images. The encoding filter is designed on the basis of ensemble properties of a particular class of stochastic random fields which have been shown to provide a useful model for typical imagery data. We make use of the ( M; K', L' ) algorithm in instrumenting the 2-D tree search. Results are demonstrated for both synthetic images and a number of head-and-shoulders images. These results demonstrate the effectiveness of 2-D tree encoding using fairly moderate search intensities and the inherent robustness of 2-D tree encoding more generally. In particular, it is demonstrated that, by logical design of the encoding filter under an appropriate stochastic modeling assumption, the 2-D tree encoder provides relatively efficient performance for a rather wide range of real-world imagery.
Cluster Sequencing to Analyze Synoptic Transitions Affecting Regional Ozone

Abstract Synoptic conditions are known to strongly influence mesoscale flows and hence local ozone levels in the San Francisco Bay Area of California. Sets of individual days sharing certain combinations of synoptic features constitute “static” meteorological patterns (or regimes) that account for much of the variability in regional ozone levels. Upon labeling each day of the core Bay Area ozone season using a small number of synoptic regimes, the resulting daily sequence of static patterns indicates the time evolution of the synoptic system through a series of regimes realized for various durations. Further insight into ozone buildup processes can be gained by examining this sequence of static labels to identify “dynamic” meteorological patterns affecting local ozone levels. Transition probabilities between each pair of synoptic regimes are modeled using binomial statistics to determine transitions that are either energetically favored or disfavored to occur. The persistency of the meteorological regimes.
Tribological behaviour of polycarbonate urethane against Ti-6Al-4V for long-term resilient

Polycarbonate urethane has gained popularity as a bearing material to replace the existing hard polymeric materials in artificial joints. However, the viability of using polycarbonate urethane in artificial disc replacement over its metal counterpart is the challenge addressed in this research work. The present study is carried out to find the tribological behaviour of polycarbonate urethane against Ti-6Al-4V, which is the most frequently used endplate material in artificial disc replacement. The wear test is performed in pin-on-disc tribometer under lubricated condition using Hank's balanced salt solution with the variation in load as 10, 15, and 20 N, speed as 0.31, 0.63, and 0.94 m/s, and the number of cycles being 10,000, 25,000, and 50,000. A long-term wear evaluation is carried out to find the wear behaviour of polycarbonate urethane against Ti-6Al-4V. The wear is measured based on gravimetric analysis, and microscopic images are taken to analyze the wear pattern. The multi-objective optimization is also carried out to study the effect of control parameters. The wear pattern reveals that polycarbonate urethane has good tribological behaviour against Ti-6Al-4V. As the number of cycles increases, the polycarbonate urethane worn surfaces were found to be smooth. These results indicate that the polycarbonate urethane exhibits good resilience even after prolonged use.
Analysis of the near‐wall behaviour of some self‐adaptive subgrid‐scale models in finite‐differenced simulations of channel flow

Self‐adaptive subgrid‐scale models are proposed and assessed. They are based on the use of the Germano–Lilly dynamic procedure and the use of a selection function. These models, which do not incorporate any information related to the location of the solid walls, are well suited for the simulation of turbulent flows in complex geometries. Their reliability, when used together with a second‐order non‐dissipative numerical method, is assessed on the plane channel configuration for two values of the Reynolds number (Reτ = 180 and 395) for two grid resolutions. The selection function approach for deriving self‐adaptive subgrid models is found to yield results very similar to those obtained using a dynamic model, without requiring any numerical stabilization procedure. The use of the selection function is shown to be the only one which is able to capture the backscatter process in the buffer layer, while producing a strictly positive subgrid viscosity. This is demonstrated to be linked to the capability of the selection function to permit a decorrelation between the mean strain and the fluctuations of the subgrid stresses. That point is illustrated thanks to the introduction of a new decomposition of the fluctuating strain subgrid dissipation. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Surface Defect Detection System for Carrot Combine Harvest Based on Multi-Stage Knowledge Distillation

Carrots are a type of vegetable with high nutrition. Before entering the market, the surface defect detection and sorting of carrots can greatly improve food safety and quality. To detect defects on the surfaces of carrots during combine harvest stage, this study proposed an improved knowledge distillation network structure that took yolo-v5s as the teacher network and a lightweight network that replaced the backbone network with mobilenetv2 and completed channel pruning as a student network (mobile-slimv5s). To make the improved student network adapt to the image blur caused by the vibration of the carrot combine harvester, we put the ordinary dataset Dataset (T) and dataset Dataset (S), which contains motion blurring treatment, into the teacher network and the improved lightweight network, respectively, for learning. By connecting multi-stage features of the teacher network, knowledge distillation was carried out, and different weight values were set for each feature to realize that the multi-stage features of the teacher network guide the single-layer output of the student network. Finally, the optimal lightweight network mobile-slimv5s was established, with a network model size of 5.37 MB. The experimental results show that when the learning rate is set to 0.0001, the batch size is set to 64, and the dropout is set to 0.65, the model accuracy of mobile-slimv5s is 90.7%, which is significantly higher than other algorithms. It can synchronously realize carrot harvesting and surface defect detection. This study laid a theoretical foundation for applying knowledge distillation structures to the simultaneous operations of crop combine harvesting and surface defect detection in a field environment. This study effectively improves the accuracy of crop sorting in the field and contributes to the development of smart agriculture.