Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
COMPUTATIONAL MORPHOLOGY BY LEXICAL RULES

In this paper we outline a lexical organization for Turkish that makes use of lexical rules for innections, derivations, and lexical category changes to control the proliferation of lexical entries. Lexical rules handle changes in grammatical roles, enforce type constraints, and control the mapping of subcategorization frames in valency-changing operations. A lexical inheritance hierarchy facilitates the enforcement of type constraints. The resulting grammar architecture has morphology embedded in the lexicon. The design has been tested as part of an HPSG grammar for Turk-ish. Rebracketing in compounds and phrasal scope in aaxation present formidable diiculties for lexical rules. In terms of performance, run-time execution of the rules seems to be a far better alternative than precompilation. The latter causes exponential growth in the lexicon due to intensive use of innections and derivations in Turkish.
Extracting Corporate Responsibility: Towards a Human Rights Impact Assessment

1. The concepts presented in this paper took seed in an initial conversation with Kenny Bruno of Earth Rights International in early March of 2005 and ripened during the course of Professor Jenik Radon’s seminar, Energy, Corporate Responsibility and Human Rights. Though all faults remain our own, we would like to extend our gratitude to Jenik for his initial guidance and to J. Paul Martin of the Center for the Study of Human Rights at Columbia Univeristy, John Johnnidis of Emagin Corporation, and Clinton Matter of ARX Investment Management for many fruitful and thought-provoking discussions and comments. † Tarek Maassarani holds a Juris Doctorate from Georgetown University Law Center and a Master’s in International Affairs from Columbia University, as well as a Bachelor of Science in Environmental Studies and a Bachelor of Arts in Cultural Anthropology both from the University of California, Santa Barbara. Mr. Maassarani has worked in Latin America, Africa, and the Middle East on issues of community development, environmental protection, gender, peacebuilding, and human rights. Mr. Maassarani is currently finishing a book on corporate whistleblowing and serves as Westwood Fellow and staff attorney for the Neighborhood Legal Services Program in Washington, DC. †† Margo Tatgenhorst Drakos is a 2007 candidate for a Master’s in Human Rights from Columbia University and holds a Bachelor of Music in Cello Performance from the Curtis Institute of Music in Philadelphia. Ms. Drakos is the Chief Operating Officer of Fortuna Classical, a classical music digital media enterprise. Ms. Drakos is a concert cellist, having performed throughout Asia, Australia, Europe, South America, and the United States. She has served as Principal cellist of the Oregon and San Diego Symphonies and Associate/Assistant Principal of the Pittsburgh Symphony. Ms. Drakos serves on the cello faculty of the Manhattan School of Music. ††† Joanna Pajkowska completed the Environmental Science and Policy graduate program, obtaining a Master’s in Public Administration from Columbia University in 2005. Ms. Pajkowska also holds a Bachelor of Business Administration from Bernard M. Baruch College, City University of New York, and the equivalent of a Bachelor degree in Finance and Banking from the School of Finance and Management in Bialystok, Poland. She has work for three years at MetLife and most recently served as a consultant to the United Nations Environment Programme’s Regional Office for North America in Washington, DC.
Multipurpose fiber optic sensor for determination of temperature, density and refractive index

Determination of density, refractive Index and temperature of liquids & solvents is of paramount importance in chemical and pharmaceutical industries. The degree of accuracy in determining the above will speak about the quality of the liquid or solvent, to a great extent. Conventional methods for the determination of the above involves the use of three different setups which is costly and time consuming. A method is proposed in our paper to determine the above three using optical fibers to very great accuracy of the order of sixth decimal place. The present setup is simple, cost effective and multipurpose for the determining all the above. With little effort the system can be used to measure the above parameters online either in chemical or pharmaceutical industry or both.
Using multi-objective genetic programming to evolve stochastic logic gate circuits

A new stochastic logic gate language is presented. Blossey et al.'s stochastic gene gate language is extended with a complete set of stochastic Boolean gates. Although the gates have behavioural similarities to conventional logic gates, a major difference is that they operate on quantities of products or substances that dynamically vary over time. A gene gate circuit's behaviour is characterized by a time-course plot of the substance quantities. The paper studies the Boolean gate language by using multi-objective genetic programming to evolve logic gate circuits that conform to a number of different target systems. Circuit behaviour is characterized by sets of up to 15 time course statistics, and sum of ranks is used as a many-objective scoring strategy. Results show that the language is highly compositional, just like conventional logic expressions, and that multiple circuits can exhibit similar behaviours. The new gate language uses Blossey et al.'s gates as a rudimentary basis within evolved circuits, with the advantage of using higher-level Boolean gates when necessary. The identification of candidate solutions can be challenging, however, and must account for noise inherent in the time course behaviours. Circuit behaviour is also highly dependent on channel rates, and future work applying the language to real-world data will need to address this sensitivity.
Developing secured biometric payments model using Tokenization

This paper proposes Secured Biometric Payments model using Tokenization. Proposed model will facilitate users to make payment at a merchant Point-of-sale terminal using their fingerprints in a secured manner, hence, eliminating the need to carry multiple physical payment cards. It will be a technological revolution in the consumer payments industry to have built such secured model that will accept payments through biometric means without exposing the real card number of the user during transaction processing, hence making it very secure.
Please Scroll down for Article Journal of Neurogenetics Tolerance in Drosophila

This article may be used for research, teaching and private study purposes. Any substantial or systematic reproduction, redistribution , reselling , loan or sub-licensing, systematic supply or distribution in any form to anyone is expressly forbidden. The publisher does not give any warranty express or implied or make any representation that the contents will be complete or accurate or up to date. The accuracy of any instructions, formulae and drug doses should be independently verified with primary sources. The publisher shall not be liable for any loss, actions, claims, proceedings, demand or costs or damages whatsoever or howsoever caused arising directly or indirectly in connection with or arising out of the use of this material.
Evaluation of radiative transfer schemes for mesoscale model data assimilation: a case study

Abstract. The assimilation of Special Sensor Microwave Imager (SSM/I) data into the Mesoscale Model 5 (MM5) allows for improving the weather forecast. However the results suggested an update the Radiative Transfer Equation (RTE) within the three-dimensional variational (3DVAR) algorithm which is tailored for non rainy conditions only. To this purpose, a new RTE algorithm is tested, in order to account for radiometric response in rainy regions. The new brightness temperatures (TB) are estimated by using hydrometeor profiles from the MM5 mesoscale model, running with two different microphysical parameterizations. The goodness of the results is assessed by comparing the new TB with those of the original RTE algorithm in the 3DVAR code and the SSM/I observed data. The results confirm a better reliability of the new RTE compared to the old one.
A FINITE-VOLUME SHARP INTERFACE SCHEME FOR DENDRITIC GROWTH SIMULATIONS: COMPARISON WITH MICROSCOPIC SOLVABILITY THEORY

We present and validate a numerical technique for computing dendritic growth of crystals from pure melts. The solidification process is computed in the diffusion-driven limit. The governing equations are solved on a fixed Cartesian mesh and a mixed Eulerian-Lagrangian framework is used to treat the immersed phase boundary as a sharp solid-fluid interface. A conservative finite-volume discretization is employed which allows the boundary conditions to be applied exactly at the moving surface. The results from our calculations are compared with two-dimensional microscopic solvability theory. It is shown that the method predicts dendrite tip characteristics in good agreement with the theory. The sharp interface treatment allows discontinuous material property variation at the solid-liquid interface. Calculations with such discontinuities are also shown to produce results in agreement with solvability and with other sharp interface simulations.
Accurate Silhouette Extraction of a Person in Video Data by Shadow Evaluation

This paper presents a new shadow detecting method for silhouette extraction of a person in gray-level video sequences. We use a shadow evaluator to verify each raw shadow pixel which was detected by Gaussian distribution analysis. The evaluator considers a raw shadow pixel initially to be a fake shadow pixel, and marks it as a silhouette pixel if it is enclosed or semienclosed by moving occlusion boundaries of a person. Those were extracted by subtracting edges in the current frame from edges of the background. We also propose a silhouette-compensation technique to recover some missing (i.e. removed) silhouette pixels by using a similarity criterion between silhouette pixels and their neighbors. Experimental results show us that the proposed algorithm keeps a silhouette of a person more accurate compared to other methods. Methods advocated by other researchers in YUV or RGB color space, typically remove silhouette pixels as shadow if the color of these pixels is similar to that of the surrounding background. Keywords—Shadow removal, silhouette detection, shadow evaluator, silhouette compensation
Security Vulnerabilities in Web Application - An Attack Perspective.

Security is the essential and important topic in web applications. The choice of communication made the web technology a essential one in the environment. The importance of web application and its security increasing day by day, but traditional networks fails to provide security for web application. This paper discuss about some of the vulnerable online attacks commonly occurs in web applications and providing solution for preventing such attacks by using penetration tool BACKTRACK. The testing aspect of vulnerabilities is carried out for SQL injection. The various methodologies are also discussed.
On Bayesian Network and Outlier Detection

Existing studies on data mining has largely focused on the design of measures and algorithms to identify outliers in large and high dimensional categorical and numeric databases. However, not much stress has been given on the interestingness of the reported outlier. One way to ascertain interestingness and usefulness of the reported outlier is by making use of a domain knowledge. In this paper, we present a new measure to discover outliers based on background knowledge, represented by a Bayesian network. We define outliers as “unlikely events under the current favored theory of the domain”. We introduce two quantitative rules derived from the Bayesian network to uncover outliers. Furthermore, we use these rules to rank the instances based on joint probability distribution in the Bayesian network. In our approach, we not only identified outliers but also explain why they are likely to be so. A critical analysis on distance based technique is also presented to show why there is a mismatch between outliers as entities “which are far away from their neighbors” and “real” outliers as identified using Bayesian Networks.
An Assessment of Recent Attacks on Specific Embedded Systems

In this paper, we present an assessment of recent attacks on embedded systems, in particular mobile phones, wireless sensor networks, unmanned aerial vehicles and unmanned ground vehicles. As these systems become increasingly connected and networked, the number of attacks on them increases exposing them to real threats and risks, particularly when used in mission critical applications. It is necessary to investigate all aspects of the security systems associated with embedded systems in order to help protect these systems from attackers. In this we present a survey on a number of embedded systems to show system vulnerabilities, recent attacks and the security measurements undertaken to protect the embedded systems.
How memory fades: very-long-term recall of Bach

A cellist memorized the Prelude from J. S. Bach’s Suite No. 6 for solo cello and identified performance cues (PCs) that she attended to in performance. During the next three years, she recalled the piece twice, playing and writing out the score from memory on both occasions, in counterbalanced order. Played recall was better than written recall. Written recall was better at expressive and structural PCs, suggesting that these cues provided content accessible access to declarative memory. Written recall was worse at PCs for basic technique but less so when written recall followed played recall. In written recall, serial cuing was impaired by the absence of sensorimotor cues, particularly at basic PCs. These directed the cellist’s attention to her actions. Reinstating sensorimotor memory by playing through the piece reduced the impairment caused by the absence of these actions during written recall.
Video Segmentation Using Background Subtraction

Image segmentation is the problem of finding objects in an image. For example, in a picture of a bird sitting on a tree branch in front of a blue sky, the bird and the branch could both be segmented as separate objects. The ability to segment images is often the foundational step in the process of understanding a scene. Activities at higher cognitive levels, such as identifying objects and their actions, depend on first perceiving what objects are visible and where. The image segmentation problem, however, is complicated by several factors, such as object occlusion and shadows. Typical methods for segmenting a single image involve edge-detection or region-filling. A recent algorithm by Gibou and Fedkiw uses a deformable model called a level-set model (Gibou 2005). The contour of an object in two-dimensional space corresponds a cut of a corresponding three-dimensional surface, which is iteratively deformed until an equilibrium is reached. Using a clever simplification, the method presented by Gibou and Fedkiw uses a quickly-computed iteration and reaches equilibrium in very few steps. The algorithm is also highly parallelizable. Image segmentation methods for single images can only use spatial information to find image regions. Image segmentation methods for image sequences, however, can use both spatial and temporal information, i.e., the relationship between pixels in a single frame, and the relationship between pixels in the current and previous frames. Segmentation for video is then typically equivalent to identifying movement. This problem shares the same challenges mentioned above, such as occlusion (which can cause apparent discontinuities in the movement of objects) and shadows (which can be erroneously identified as moving objects). One measure of the movement in a image sequence is optical flow. Theoretically, measurement of optical flow gives the instantaneous local velocity at every pixel location by dividing the temporal gradient by the spatial gradient (Borst 1989). However, in practice this computation will not be completely accurate because we cannot have a continuous representation of the data. By computing the optical flow we obtain a vector field indicating the velocity of each pixel at a certain time. Similar regions in the vector field can be grouped to find moving objects in the image sequence. The classic problem with optical flow is called the aperture problem, which states that the local velocity is not always sufficient to completely determine motion (Horn 1981). This is best illustrated by imagining looking through a ring at …
The Action of Glycine on Bacterial Suspensions *

In the course of some experimental work it was noticed that the addition of glycine to broth cultures or aqueous suspensions of bacteria resulted, after some hours, in the apparent lysis of the cells. Closer examination of the phenomenon revealed that the first visible action was an immediate increase in the turbidity of the cell suspension, depending in degree upon the concentration of the glycine. This initial turbidity increase was followed by a slow and progressive decrease in turbidity, until, after some hours, the cloudiness of the suspension, provided too many cells had not been added, had entirely vanished. With heavy suspensions of cells complete clarification is not obtained. Although Escherichia coli and Bacillus mesentericus have been used in most of the work, all of the species of bacteria examined have proved susceptible. Curiously, the pneumococcus lyses slowly, as is the rule with other species, and does not dissolve almost at once as it does in bile. If the course of the reaction be followed by the examination of samples removed at intervals and stained, it will be seen that the first apparent change is a loss of the ability of the cells to retain the violet dye, if the species be Gram-positive. This is followed by the appearance of poorly staining cells and amorphous debris, while the number of normal cells becomes smaller, until eventually only occasional cells can be seen. As shown by subculture, however, days may be required for the suspension to become sterile. Concentrations of glycine as low as 0.1 M are active with light cell suspensions, but stronger solutions of 1 M or even 3 M are more effective. Of other amino acids, serine and alanine are almost as potent as is glycine. In fact, the action of these three seems to be additive, for if one third of the minimal lytic amount of each be placed in one tube with cells, lysis ensues. Curiously, beta alanine is markedly less effective , as are other alpha amino acids.
Issues for the Next Generation of Criminal Network Investigation Tools Uffe Kock Wiil The

Criminal network investigation involves a number of complex knowledge management tasks and both humans and software tools play a central role in performing such tasks. The paper presents issues for future criminal network investigation tools. The research agenda is inspired partly by previous research from the hypertext field on how to build tools to structure, visualize, and manage knowledge and partly from previous research from the intelligence and security informatics field on tool support for criminal network investigation. CrimeFighter is used as an example to explore the limitations of current criminal network investigation tools and to propose issues that needs to be addressed by future tools. Keywords-research agenda, hypertext, intelligence and security informatics, CrimeFighter
Teaching, Gender and Labour Market Incentives

The concentration of women in the teaching profession is widely noted and generally attributed to gender differences in preferences and social roles. Further, gender segregation exists within this profession – women make up almost all of the primary and pre-primary teaching cohorts, while men who choose to become teachers tend to specialise in secondary schooling and administrative roles. To what extent is this gender structure in teaching a response to economic incentives from the labour market? Our research addresses this question by studying the effects of wage structure on the decision to become a teacher. In particular, we ask what the most attractive choice is for a graduate given the wage structure of the previous graduate cohort. We show that the labour market, especially the relative returns to education across occupations for men and women, can explain these vocational choices in the Australian context. Women with bachelor qualifications receive higher returns as teachers, while men with bachelor qualifications receive higher returns in other occupations. In contrast, while both men and women with postgraduate qualifications earn higher returns in other occupations, the difference is consistently smaller for women than men. Women face a lower opportunity cost for becoming a teacher compared to men. A more balanced gender representation among teachers seems unlikely given the existing structure of returns to education, by gender, across professions.
Association of glucocorticoid receptor polymorphisms with clinical and metabolic profiles in polycystic ovary syndrome

OBJECTIVES: We aimed to investigate whether glucocorticoid receptor gene polymorphisms are associated with clinical and metabolic profiles in patients with polycystic ovary syndrome. Polycystic ovary syndrome is a complex endocrine disease that affects 5-8% of women and may be associated with metabolic syndrome, which is a risk factor for cardiovascular disease. Cortisol action and dysregulation account for metabolic syndrome development in the general population. As glucocorticoid receptor gene (NR3C1) polymorphisms regulate cortisol sensitivity, we hypothesized that variants of this gene may be involved in the adverse metabolic profiles of patients with polycystic ovary syndrome. METHOD: Clinical, metabolic and hormonal profiles were evaluated in 97 patients with polycystic ovary syndrome who were diagnosed according to the Rotterdam criteria. The alleles of the glucocorticoid gene were genotyped. Association analyses were performed using the appropriate statistical tests. RESULTS: Obesity and metabolic syndrome were observed in 42.3% and 26.8% of patients, respectively. Body mass index was positively correlated with blood pressure, triglyceride, LDL-c, total cholesterol, glucose and insulin levels as well as HOMA-IR values and inversely correlated with HDL-c and SHBG levels. The BclI and A3669G variants were found in 24.7% and 13.4% of alleles, respectively. BclI carriers presented a lower frequency of insulin resistance compared with wild-type subjects. CONCLUSION: The BclI variant is associated with a lower frequency of insulin resistance in women with polycystic ovary syndrome. Glucocorticoid gene polymorphism screening during treatment of the syndrome may be useful for identifying subgroups of at-risk patients who would benefit the most from personalized treatment.