Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Pyrrolobenzothiazepinones and pyrrolobenzoxazepinones: novel and specific non-nucleoside HIV-1 reverse transcriptase inhibitors with antiviral activity.

Two novel classes of pyrrolobenzothiazepinones and pyrrolobenzoxazepinones were investigated as potential anti-AIDS drugs. These compounds were found to inhibit HIV-1 reverse transcriptase (RT) enzyme in vitro and to prevent HIV-1 cytopathogenicity in T4 lymphocytes, without appreciable activity on HIV-2 cytopathic effects, and against HBV as well as calfthymus DNA alpha-polymerase. Their potency is influenced by substituents at position 6 and on the fused aromatic ring. Specifically, small lipophilic substituents at C-6 were preferred, whereas substitutions on the benzo-fused ring were found to be detrimental to activity, with respect to the unsubstituted compounds. Modification of the pie-system at C-6 is well tolerated, although the replacement of the benzo-fused with a [2,3]naphtho-fused ring leads to a less active compound. Maximum potency and specificity is achieved with a phenyl and an ethyl group at position 6 of the pyrrolobenzoxazepinone system. In the enzymatic assay the oxazepinone derivative (+/-)-6-ethyl-6-phenylpyrrolo[2,1-d][1,5] benzoxazepin-7(6H)-one 16e (IC50 = 0.25 microM) was found to be more potent than nevirapine (IC50 = 0.5 microM), tested in the same experimental conditions using rC.dG as a template-primer. In cell culture assay benzoxazepine 16e was active against HIV-1, both wild type and AZT-sensitive, and HIV-1 (IIIB) strains, but not against HIV-2. In enzyme assay although 16e inhibited HIV-1 RT, it was inactive against the nevirapine-resistant recombinant RT Y181C at 50 microM. Molecular modeling studies suggest that these derivatives present a 3D pharmacophoric arrangement similar to that of other non-nucleoside inhibitors such as nevirapine.
Serum alpha-fetoprotein levels in acute viral hepatitis

Serum alpha-fetoprotein levels were measured serially by radioimmunoassay in 32 patients with acute viral hepatitis. With one exception, the levels were increased during the course of the illness. Raised concentrations of the protein occurred almost equally in patients with and without the hepatitis-B antigen. In the majority of patients the rise was modest but in seven levels were reached at which alpha-fetoprotein could be detected by immunodiffusion. Very high levels were more likely to occur in children. In eight patients the concentration increased as the serum glutamic pyruvic transaminase (SGPT) level, used as an index of hepatocyte damage, was returning to normal, a pattern which favoured increased synthesis of the protein during hepatocellular regeneration. In the remainder, the alpha-fetoprotein level paralleled that of SGPT, suggesting rather an acutephase reaction to liver injury.
Sleep disturbances in fibromyalgia syndrome: relationship to pain and depression.

OBJECTIVE This study is an examination of sleep, pain, depression, and physical functioning at baseline and 1-year followup among patients with fibromyalgia syndrome (FMS). Although it is clear that these symptoms are prevalent among FMS patients and that they are related, the direction of the relationship is unclear. We sought to identify and report sleep problems in this population and to examine their relationship to pain, depression, and physical functioning. METHODS Patients diagnosed with fibromyalgia were recruited from a Southern California health maintenance organization and evaluated according to American College of Rheumatology criteria in the research laboratory. Six hundred patients completed the baseline assessment and 492 completed the 1-year assessment. Measures included the Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale, the McGill Pain Questionnaire, the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index, and the Fibromyalgia Impact Questionnaire. RESULTS The majority of the sample (96% at baseline and 94.7% at 1 year) scored within the range of problem sleepers. Path analyses examined the impact of baseline values on 1-year values for each of the 4 variables. No variable of interest predicted sleep, sleep predicted pain (beta = 0.13), pain predicted physical functioning (beta = -0.13), and physical functioning predicted depression (beta = -0.10). CONCLUSION These findings highlight the high prevalence of sleep problems in this population and suggest that they play a critical role in exacerbating FMS symptoms. Furthermore, they support limited existing findings that sleep predicts subsequent pain in this population, but also extend the literature, suggesting that sleep may be related to depression through pain and physical functioning.
The pattern of energy metabolism in the mouse oöcyte and zygote.

In vitro methods for the quantitative culture of cleaving mouse embryos on chemically defined medial' 2 have demonstrated that their basic patterns of energy metabolism differ from those found in later embryonic stages and the adult. The late 2-cell stage can only use lactate, pyruvate, phosphoenolpyruvate (PEP), and oxaloacetate to support cleavage.3 were found. The mice were stuperovulated by an intraperitoneal injection of 5 IU of pregnant mare serum gonadotrophin (PMIS) (Equinex, Ayerst), followed 48 hr later by an intraperitoneal injection of 5 IU of human chorionic gonadotrophin (HCG) (A.P.L., Ayerst). The medium used for the initial collection of the ova in all experiments contained sodium pyruvate at a concentration of 0.316 mM in the basic medium. The cumulus cells were removed with hyaluronidase. One ml of Dulbecco's phosphate-buffered salt solution' (pH 7.2) with 300 units of hyaluronidase and 1 mg of polyvinylpyrrolidone was added to 1 ml of medium containing the ova and cumulus. The final concentration of 150 U/ml of hyaluronidase resulted in the removal of the cumulus cells surrounding the ova within several minutes. The enzyme was made up initially in phosphate-buffered saline to enable its storage at -20'C before use. The ova were washed free of hya- luronidase in two changes of pyruvate medium (2 ml/wash), and then free of pyruvate by washing in two changes of basic medium without an energy source (2 ml/wash). This latter pro- cedure was used so that the different energy sources could be tested simultaneously. In experiments where the cumulus cells and ova were left intact, similar procedures of washing them free of pyruvate were used. The ova were set up in the different substrates 20-24 hr after the injection of HCG, and cultured according to the method previously described by Brinster.1 Twenty- four hr later the number of ova which had undergone the first cleavage division was noted.
Within-die process variations: How accurately can they be statistically modeled?

Within-die process variations arise during integrated circuit (IC) fabrication in the sub-100nm regime. These variations are of paramount concern as they deviate the performance of ICs from their designers' original intent. These deviations reduce the parametric yield and revenues from integrated circuit fabrication. In this paper we provide a complete treatment to the subject of within-die variations. We propose a scan-chain based system, vMeter, to extract within-die variations in an automated fashion. We implement our system in a sample of 90 nm chips, and collect the within-die variations data. Then we propose a number of novel statistical analysis techniques that accurately model the within-die variation trends and capture the spatial correlations. We propose the use of maximum-likelihood techniques to find the required parameters to fit the model to the data. The accuracy of our models is statistically verified through residual analysis and variograms. Using our successful modeling technique, we propose a procedure to generate synthetic within-die variation patterns that mimic, or imitate, real silicon data.
Migrations in Central and Eastern Europe

The conference "Central and Eastern Europe New Migration Space" served as a forum for presentation and discussion of recent empirical research and theoretical reflection on international population mobility in post-commu? nist Europe. Organized by the Institute of Social Studies of the University of Warsaw and the Friedrich Ebert Stiftung and cosponsored by the Committee for Scientific Research, the Stefan Batory Foundation, the Department for Migration and Refugees of the Ministry of Internal Affairs, and Ministry of Education, it took place in the castle of Pultusk, Poland, on December 11-13, 1997. The collapse of communist regimes, disintegration of the Soviet Block and the Soviet Union itself, the end of the cold war, and unprecedented political and economic reforms that countries of Central and Eastern Europe (CEE) embarked on since 1989 were certainly key historical events of the late twen? tieth century. The changes and their various consequences have had a tremen? dous impact on migration trends in the region and on broader migratory con? figuration in Eurasia. Many developments surprised observers by their scale, varied forms, or intensity: the skyrocketing figures of cross-border mobility, dramatic migrations following the eruptions of ethnic strife, the phenomenon of mass international petty trade and pendular migrations, the emergence of transit migration across the region, the development of informal migrant labor markets, etc. Reliable data about the new migrations was minimally available; not surprisingly, knowledge of them as well as understanding were very limited. In response, in recent years researchers undertook a number of empirical inquiries of international migration in most countries of the region. The variety and reach of these projects is significant. Yet, interested outsiders suffer from relatively poor access to their results and, even more so, to the underlying conceptual and methodological premises. Many researchers expressed the need for a comprehensive and penetrating discussion and eval? uation of the results as well as concepts, research methods, and analytical techniques applied in the research. The conference evoked considerable interest and eventually gathered 61 scholars and experts from 17 countries (Austria, Belarus, Croatia, Czech Republic, Estonia, France, Germany, Great Britain, Holland, Hungary, Italy,
Leveraging Technology to Improve Social Dynamics

Although the authors of the focal article (Pulakos, Mueller Hanson, Arad, & Moye, 2015) have provided some well-grounded guidelines on how to fix the performance management (PM) dilemma companies are facing today, in this commentary, I seek to extend their thesis to include innovating the process by leveraging new social technologies that have the opportunity to truly change the social dynamics of the entire process. Furthermore, it is critical to also consider how well the PM process is aligned with the company's formal and informal work structures. Traditional work structures were hierarchical, with employees reporting to one manager and having responsibility primarily for their own work product. Today's contemporary work structures often rely on teamwork and/or matrixed work structures in which an employee has two managers.
Earthquakes, volcanoes, and rectified diffusion

Rectified diffusion is a mechanism by which a strain wave can rapidly pump volatiles into a bubble and therefore increase the pressure in a closed system. The dynamic strain of either distant regional tectonic earthquakes or local volcanic tremor can be translated to static strain inside a magma chamber via this process. We formulate a theory appropriate to the conditions of a magma chamber and calculate the increased pressure using realistic physical parameters. For a basaltic system initially at 130 MPa pressure, the excess pressure from rectified diffusion is between 0.4 and 4 MPa for a regional M≥8 earthquake. The pressure from rectified diffusion is often significantly above the static stress caused by deformation for documented cases of triggered eruptions and thus presents a more viable mechanism for triggering. Prolonged tremor can have a similar effect since the total pressure added increases linearly with the duration of the excitation.
Tabloidisation Revisited: The Regeneration of Journalism in Conditions of 'Advanced Liberalism'

For the last two decades, the problem of how to understand contemporary transformations in journalism has frequently revolved around concerns about an alleged 'tabloidisation', that has not only provided the basis for a proliferation of 'infotainment' texts and genres but is also seen by critics to have affected the field of journalism as a whole. This article revisits these debates to develop an alternative, genealogical perspective on contemporary forms and practices of journalism which, it is argued, provides a basis for engaging with this problem that is more realistic and, consequently, more critically useful. To this end, it begins by highlighting how most contributions to the 'infotainment' debate tend to divide into one of three perspectives on the present: as a moment of historical decline, continuity or progress. While acknowledging the importance of recognising, and taking account of, substantive changes within the field, this article questions the critical practice of providing a meta-historical 'assessment' of the present. By contrast, the advantage of a genealogical perspective is that it enables engagement with both continuities and change within journalism, as a basis for understanding how the present is marked by particular characteristics and challenges. To this end, the work of Nikolas Rose and Erik Neveu are drawn upon to consider how each provides suggestive directions for an analysis of how journalists and journalism have been substantially challenged and transformed in conditions of 'advanced liberalism'. Finally, the article reflects on what such analysis might offer, both in the critical perspective it provides on journalism, and the contribution such work might make to the field itself.
Correlates of plasma total homocysteine in patients with hyperlipidaemia

The study sought to define the relation of plasma total homocysteine to biological and clinical variables and to serum vitamin concentrations in patients with primary hyperlipidaemia. Fasting plasma total homocysteine was measured in 219 men and 159 women; vitamin concentrations were available for about 60% of the sample. Men had significantly higher plasma total homocysteine than women [median (25th, 75th percentiles) 9.4 (8.2, 11.5) μmol L−1 vs. 8.5 (7.0, 10.2) μmol L−1; P = 0.0001]. Plasma total homocysteine was lower in women taking lipid‐lowering drugs than in women who were not taking drugs. Serum folate and vitamin B12 concentrations were normal for all but one and four subjects respectively. Correlations (P ≤ 0.06) were found between plasma total homocysteine and age, triglyceride concentration in women, uric acid concentration in men, serum folate, vitamin B12 and creatinine concentrations. In multiple regression analysis, the association between plasma total homocysteine and sex and between plasma total homocysteine and use of lipid‐lowering drugs disappeared when creatinine concentration was entered into the analysis. This study shows that plasma total homocysteine is related to vitamin concentrations within the normal range, suggesting that plasma total homocysteine may be modifiable by diet in hyperlipidaemic subjects with normal vitamin nutritition. Sex‐related differences appear to be related to men's higher creatinine concentration. Whether lipid‐lowering drugs interact with total homocysteine concentration requires further study.
Ligand-mediated autophosphorylation activity of the epidermal growth factor receptor during internalization

The association of EGF with its receptor in endosomes isolated from rat liver homogenates was assessed biochemically by polyethylene glycol precipitation and morphologically by electron microscope radioautography. The proportion of receptor-bound ligand in endosomes at 15 min after the injection of doses of 0.1 and 1 microgram EGF/100 g body weight was 57%. This value increased to 77% for the dose of 10 micrograms EGF injected. Quantitative electron microscope radioautography carried out on endosomes isolated at 15 min after the injection of 10 micrograms 125I-EGF demonstrated that most radiolabel was over the endosomal periphery thereby indicating that ligand- receptor complexes were in the bounding membrane but not in intraluminal vesicles of the content. EGF receptor autophosphorylation activity during internalization was evaluated in plasmalemma and endosome fractions. This activity was markedly but transiently reduced on the cell surface shortly after the administration of saturating doses of EGF. The same activity, however, was augmented and prolonged in endosomes for up to 30 min after EGF injection. The transient desensitization of cell surface activity was not due to prior in vivo phosphorylation since receptor dephosphorylation in vitro failed to restore autophosphorylation activity. Transient desensitization of cell surface autophosphorylation activity coincided with a diminished capacity for endocytosis of 125I-EGF with endocytosis returning to normal after the restoration of cell surface autophosphorylation activity. The inhibition of cell surface autophosphorylation activity and the activation of endosomal autophosphorylation activity coincident with downregulation suggest that EGF receptor traffic is governed by ligand-regulated phosphorylation activity.
Finding the Different Patterns in Buildings Data Using Bag of Words Representation with Clustering

The understanding of the buildings operation has become a challenging task due to the large amount of data recorded in energy efficient buildings. Still, today the experts use visual tools for analyzing the data. In order to make the task realistic, a method has been proposed in this paper to automatically detect the different patterns in buildings. The K Means clustering is used to automatically identify the ON (operational) cycles of the chiller. In the next step the ON cycles are transformed to symbolic representation by using Symbolic Aggregate Approximation (SAX) method. Then the SAX symbols are converted to bag of words representation for hierarchical clustering. Moreover, the proposed technique is applied to real life data of adsorption chiller. Additionally, the results from the proposed method and dynamic time warping (DTW) approach are also discussed and compared.
Molecular Genetics Evidence for the in Vivo Roles of the Two Major NADPH-dependent Disulfide Reductases in the Malaria Parasite*

Malaria-associated pathology is caused by the continuous expansion of Plasmodium parasites inside host erythrocytes. To maintain a reducing intracellular milieu in an oxygen-rich environment, malaria parasites have evolved a complex antioxidative network based on two central electron donors, glutathione and thioredoxin. Here, we dissected the in vivo roles of both redox pathways by gene targeting of the respective NADPH-dependent disulfide reductases. We show that Plasmodium berghei glutathione reductase and thioredoxin reductase are dispensable for proliferation of the pathogenic blood stages. Intriguingly, glutathione reductase is vital for extracellular parasite development inside the insect vector, whereas thioredoxin reductase is dispensable during the entire parasite life cycle. Our findings suggest that glutathione reductase is the central player of the parasite redox network, whereas thioredoxin reductase fulfils a specialized and dispensable role for P. berghei. These results also indicate redundant roles of the Plasmodium redox pathways during the pathogenic blood phase and query their suitability as promising drug targets for antimalarial intervention strategies.
Phytogenic Compounds as Alternatives to In-Feed Antibiotics: Potentials and Challenges in Application

This article summarizes current experimental knowledge on the efficacy, possible mechanisms and feasibility in the application of phytogenic products as feed additives for food-producing animals. Phytogenic compounds comprise a wide range of plant-derived natural bioactive compounds and essential oils are a major group. Numerous studies have demonstrated that phytogenic compounds have a variety of functions, including antimicrobial/antiviral, antioxidative and anti-inflammation effects and improvement in the palatability of feed and gut development/health. However, the mechanisms underlying their functions are still largely unclear. In the past, there has been a lack of consistency in the results from both laboratory and field studies, largely due to the varied composition of products, dosages, purities and growing conditions of animals used. The minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) of phytogenic compounds required for controlling enteric pathogens may not guarantee the best feed intake, balanced immunity of animals and cost-effectiveness in animal production. The lipophilic nature of photogenic compounds also presents a challenge in effective delivery to the animal gut and this can partially be resolved by microencapsulation and combination with other compounds (synergistic effect). Interestingly, the effects of photogenic compounds on anti-inflammation, gut chemosensing and possible disruption of bacterial quorum sensing could explain a certain number of studies with different animal species for the better production performance of animals that have received phytogenic feed additives. It is obvious that phytogenic compounds have good potential as an alternative to antibiotics in feed for food animal production and the combination of different phytogenic compounds appears to be an approach to improve the efficacy and safety of phytogenic compounds in the application. It is our expectation that the recent development of high-throughput and “omics” technologies can significantly advance the studies on the mechanisms underlying phytogenic compounds’ functions and, therefore, guide the effective use of the compounds.
A Propositional Proof System with Quantification Over Permutations

We introduce a new propositional proof system, which we call H, that allows quantification over permutations. In H we may write (∃ab)α and (∀ab)α, which is semantically equivalent to α(a,b)∨α(b,a) and α(a,b)∧ α(b,a), respectively. We show that H with cuts restricted to Σ$_1$ formulas (we denote this system H$_1$) simulates efficiently the Hajos calculus (HC) for constructing graphs which are non-3-colorable. This shows that short proofs over formulas that assert the existence of permutations can capture polynomial time reasoning (as by [9], HC is equivalent in strength to EF, which in turn captures polytime reasoning). We also show that EF simulates efficiently H$^*_1$, which is H$_1$ with proofs restricted to being tree-like. In short, we show that H$^*_1$l$_p$ EFl$_p$ H$_1$.
Structured Light Based Reconstruction under Local Spatial Coherence Assumption

3D scanning techniques based on structured light usually achieve robustness against outliers by performing multiple projections to simplify correspondence. However, for cases such as dynamic scenes, the number of frames captured from a certain view must be kept as low as possible, which makes it difficult to reconstruct complex scenes with high frequency shapes and inappropriate reflection properties. To tackle this problem, we present a novel set of color stripe patterns and a robust correspondence algorithm that assume local spatial coherence in the captured data. This assumption allows us to design our stripe sequences with globally unique neighborhood properties to effectively avoid wrong correspondences. The concept of local spatial coherence is further exploited to make the ensuing surface reconstruction practically insensitive to noise, outliers, and anisotropic sampling density. Thus, the recovery of a topologically consistent manifold surface can be drastically simplified. We have successfully generated high quality meshes of various colored objects using a minimalistic projector-camera system. In particular, the full sampling capabilities of our devices can be exhausted by taking only three shots.