Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
High sample rate architectures for block adaptive filters

In this paper we propose a variety of architectures for implementing block adaptive filters in the time-domain. These filters are based on a block implementation of the least mean squares (BLMS) algorithm. First, we present an architecture which directly maps the BLMS algorithm into an array of processors. Next, we describe an architecture where the weight vector is updated without explicitly computing the filter error. Third, we describe an architecture which exploits the redundant computations of overlapping windows. All the architectures have a significantly smaller sample period compared to frequency domain implementations. Moreover, the sample periods can be reduced even further by applying relaxed look-ahead techniques. <<ETX>>
Protected Packet Routing : Achieving Fast Failure Recovery in the IP Layer

Failure recovery in IP networks has gained much attention from both academic and industrial circles. The main challenge of this issue is how to achieve fast recovery while keep the implementation complexity and resource requirement at low level. Current IP networks rely on either routing table recalculation or lower layer protection for failure recovery. Although resource-efficient, routing recalculation takes seconds even minutes to complete. On the other hand, lower layer protection requires much redundant resource to achieves the speed of millisecond recovery. This paper proposes a pure IP layer scheme to achieve fast failure recovery with neither redundant resource reservation nor routing recalculation on the fly, called protected packet routing (PPR). The idea is to include a protection output port in each entry of the routing tables. Once a failure occurs, a number of routers switch to their protection ports for packet forwarding, thus bypass the failed equipment automatically. The challenges of this approach are: 1. Is a single protection port always sufficient to guarantee failure recovery? 2. How to find such ports? 3. How to coordinate the routers for failure recovery without little signaling? 4. How to realize distributed implementation? Focusing on single-link and single-node failure scenarios, this paper provides answers to the above questions and presents the performance evaluation of the proposed algorithms. Based on this work, it is promising to study double-failure scenario such that the survivability of IP networks can be intensified to tolerate the majority of network failures.
Teriflunomide: a novel oral treatment for relapsing multiple sclerosis

Introduction: Multiple sclerosis is a disabling chronic inflammatory disease of the CNS. New emerging oral treatments can offer efficacy with higher levels of therapeutic adherence. Teriflunomide is one such oral agent that has recently been approved for the treatment of relapsing multiple sclerosis (RMS). Areas covered: The aim of this review is to describe the pharmacological profile of teriflunomide and review the vast clinical development program that paved the way for its approval, with emphasis on its safety and tolerability. Expert opinion: Teriflunomide is a safe new oral medication for treating RMS. It is effective at reducing relapses, MRI activity and slowing disability progression. It is well tolerated, with mild and transitory side effects. Although teriflunomide is given a pregnancy category ‘X’ by the FDA and an effective contraception is needed, to date, there has been no evidence of teratogenicity in humans and a rapid washout procedure can lead to a virtually complete elimination. Its effectiveness appeared to be at least comparable to that of high-dose IFN-β-1a, and although direct comparisons with other orals are still lacking, its tolerability and encouraging safety data suggest that teriflunomide could be considered an ideal first-line medication for RMS.
On the position of subjects in spanish

In this paper I analyze the contrast between the pre and postverbal subject positions in Spanish under the guidelines proposed in The Minimalist Program (Chomsky 1995). I will claim that preverbal subjects are Clitic Left Dislocated constructions, i.e. base-generated adjuncts to the maximal inflectional projection coindexed with an empty pronominal in argument position. As a result, sentences with preverbal subjects and sentences with postverbal subjects will be analyzed as the result of different numerations. In the former case there is a pro element in the numeration that is absent in the latter. I will then propose that the positions of subjects in Spanish interrogative sentences and relative clauses can be accounted for if we assume that there is covert I-to-C movement in Spanish. Left-dislocated constituents block I-to-C movement and render preverbal subjects in interrogative constructions ungrammatical. Since this type of movement is not present in relative clauses the left-dislocated constituents (preverbal subjects, for instance) are ruled in. This hypothesis also predicts that Wh-elements that are base-generated need not be licensed by covert I-to-C and therefore will allow the presence of preverbal subjects.
G Protein-Coupled Receptor-Dependent Development of Human Frontal Cortex

The mammalian cerebral cortex is characterized by complex patterns of anatomical and functional areas that differ markedly between species, but the molecular basis for this functional subdivision is largely unknown. Here, we show that mutations in GPR56, which encodes an orphan G protein–coupled receptor (GPCR) with a large extracellular domain, cause a human brain cortical malformation called bilateral frontoparietal polymicrogyria (BFPP). BFPP is characterized by disorganized cortical lamination that is most severe in frontal cortex. Our data suggest that GPCR signaling plays an essential role in regional development of human cerebral cortex.
Coherence vs. Fragmentation in student epistemologies: A reply to Smith & Wenk

In the literature on conceptual change and students' intuitive preconceptions about the natural world, a long-running paradigm debate pits the Coherence perspective against the Fragmentation perspective. The Coherence perspective attributes stable, robust, context-independent concepts or intuitive theories to students, while the Fragmentation perspective describes students' reasoning in terms of the context-dependent activation of finer-grained knowledge elements that are more loosely organized than "theories. " Over the past few years, this paradigm debate has entered the literature on students' personal epistemologies, their views about the nature of knowledge of knowing. Epistemology researchers have generally assumed student epistemologies to consist of robust, globally applicable cognitive structures - epistemological theories, belief systems, or stages - that fit into the Coherence perspective. However, cognitive frameworks that fit largely or wholly into the Fragmentation camp recently began to challenge this consensus. And two years ago, Smith & Wenk published the first large-N study specifically designed to experimentally distinguish the Coherence and Fragmentation perspectives. Smith & Wenk conclude that their data favor Coherence over Fragmentation. With the emergence of this paradigm debate in the epistemology literature, a crucial methodological issue becomes, What counts as evidence for Coherence at the expense of Fragmentation, or vice versa? This article attempts to further the scholarly discussion of this issue. To do so, I use a critique of Smith & Wenk's study as a launching point from which to make more general methodological arguments.
EXPLORING THE PARADOX

This paper explores work-to-family conflict among 77 managerial fathers in Sweden by focusing on flexible working arrangements. Sweden provides a unique setting for the study of fathers’ work-to-family conflict as it has a 30-year-old social policy tradition of promoting gender equality in the workplace and in the home. Our results show that managerial fathers experience high levels of work-to-family conflict, despite high access to flexible working arrangements. Using a border theory perspective, hierarchical regression analysis shows the importance of gender egalitarianism in the family (taking responsibility for children and being in a dual earner family), as well as flexible working arrangements (satisfaction with job flexibility and access to flexleave) in explaining work-to-family conflict for managerial fathers. Organizational time demands (time pressure at work and average work hours) and use of flextime were less important. Our results imply that gender egalitarian managerial fathers with access to flexleave have a win–win situation. They experience less work-to-family conflict and set a good example for their employees.
Anatomy and Biomechanics of the Medial Side of the Knee and Their Surgical Implications

In order to reconstruct the medial knee to restore the original biomechanical function of its ligamentous structures, a thorough understanding of its anatomic placement and relationship with surrounding structures is required. To restore the knee to normal kinematics, the diagnosis and surgical approach have to be aligned, to successfully reconstruct the area of injury. Three important ligaments maintain primary medial knee stability: the superficial medial collateral ligament, posterior oblique ligament, and deep medial collateral ligament. It is important not to exclude the assistance that other ligaments of the medial knee provide, including support of patellar stability by the medial patellofemoral ligament and multiligamentous hamstring tendon attachments. Valgus gapping and medial knee stability is accounted for collectively by every primary medial knee stabilizing structure. The following will review the principal medial knee anatomic and biomechanical properties.
SPLIT SELECTION METHODS FOR CLASSIFICATION TREES

Classification trees based on exhaustive search algorithms tend to be bi- ased towards selecting variables that afford more splits. As a result, such trees should be interpreted with caution. This article presents an algorithm called QUEST that has negligible bias. Its split selection strategy shares similarities with the FACT method, but it yields binary splits and the final tree can be selected by a direct stopping rule or by pruning. Real and simulated data are used to compare QUEST with the exhaustive search approach. QUEST is shown to be substantially faster and the size and classification accuracy of its trees are typically comparable to those of exhaustive search. A classification tree is a rule for predicting the class of an object from the values of its predictor variables. The tree is constructed by recursively parti- tioning a learning sample of data in which the class label and the values of the predictor variables for each case are known. Each partition is represented by a node in the tree. Two approaches to split selection have been proposed in the statistical liter- ature. The first and more popular approach examines all possible binary splits of the data along each predictor variable to select the split that most reduces some measure of node impurity. It is used, for example, by the THAID (Morgan and Sonquist (1963), Morgan and Messenger (1973)) and CART (Breiman, Friedman, Olshen and Stone (1984)) algorithms. If X is an ordered variable, this approach searches over all possible values c for splits of the form X ≤ c. (1)
The Robbery of Motorcycle Taxi Drivers (Dake Zai) in China

Using official police records, interviews with motorcycle taxi drivers and the participant observation of their working activities in Tianzhi city, China, this paper examines how and why a dimension of social stratification-household registration (hukou)-is related to the risk of robbery victimization and attempts to evaluate the effectiveness of applying lifestyle/routine activity theory to contemporary urban China. It discloses that migrant motorcycle taxi drivers are highly overrepresented in robbery victimization. Their night-time working practices enhance their chances of being robbed by both increasing exposure to likely offenders and reducing the presence of capable guardians. The study further explores how a structural factor-motorcycle ban policy-shapes different routine activities between migrant and resident motorcycle taxi drivers and, by extension, differential risks of robbery victimization. The paper concludes by pointing out the importance of locating lifestyle/routine activities in a larger Chinese macro-social structural context. The outcome is one of the very first ethnographic analyses of crime conducted in situ in China.
Functional Geometric Morphometric Analysis of Masticatory System Ontogeny in Papionin Primates

The three‐dimensional configuration of the primate masticatory system is constrained by the need to maximize bite forces while avoiding distraction of the temporomandibular joint (TMJ). Within these bounds, shape variation has predictable effects on functional capacities such as mechanical advantage and gape. In this study, geometric morphometric analysis is used to investigate the ontogeny of masticatory function in papionin monkeys and test the hypothesis that biomechanical constraints determine the location of molar eruption. This “constrained eruption hypothesis” predicts that the distalmost molar (DMX) will occupy a consistent location anterior to the TMJ and that jaw adductor muscles will maintain consistent positions relative to both DMX and TMJ. Craniometric landmarks were digitized on cross‐sectional ontogenetic series of nine papionin species. Form‐space PCA of Procrustes residuals, visualization of Bookstein shape coordinates, and nonparametric ANOVA were used to identify ontogenetic shape trends and test for significant ontogenetic changes in relative landmark positions. In most taxa, DMX maintains a consistent position relative to the TMJ while the anterior dentition migrates anteriorly. Where significant intraspecific ontogenetic differences occur, they involve anterior migration of DMX in later dental stages, likely due to late adolescent growth of the posterior palate. Attachments of the anterior temporalis and deep masseter also maintain consistent positions relative to the TMJ; however, the superficial masseter migrates anteriorly throughout ontogeny. All muscle attachments migrate laterally relative to the TMJ, reflecting positive scaling of adductor PCSA. Overall, results support the constrained eruption hypothesis and suggest mechanisms by which functional capacity is maintained during ontogeny. Anat Rec, 298:48–63, 2015. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Intrégration des facteurs temps et autorité sociale dans un modèle bayésien de recherche de tweets

We present in this paper a social-based approach for information retrieval in mi- croblogs that integrates various sources of evidences using Bayesian networks. In addition to textual similarly, we propose to integrate new relevance factors such as the social importance of microbloggers and the time magnitude of microblogs. In this work, the social importance of a microblogger is assimilated to his influence on the social network and computed by applying PageRank algorithm on the retweet network. We propose to estimate the time magnitude from the temporal neighbors that include query terms. To validate our approache, we conduct a se- ries of experiments on the TREC Tweets2011 dataset. Results show that our model overpass the median of official runs with an improvement of 24%.
Temperature and Switching Rate Dependence of Crosstalk in Si-IGBT and SiC Power Modules

The temperature and dV/dt dependence of crosstalk has been analyzed for Si-IGBT and SiC-MOSFET power modules. Due to a smaller Miller capacitance resulting from a smaller die area, the SiC module exhibits smaller shoot-through currents compared with similarly rated Si-IGBT modules in spite of switching with a higher dV/dt and with a lower threshold voltage. However, due to high voltage overshoots and ringing from the SiC Schottky diode, SiC modules exhibit higher shoot-through energy density and induce voltage oscillations in the dc link. Measurements show that the shoot-through current exhibits a positive temperature coefficient for both technologies, the magnitude of which is higher for the Si-IGBT, i.e., the shoot-through current and energy show better temperature stability in the SiC power module. The effectiveness of common techniques of mitigating shoot-through, including bipolar gate drives, multiple gate resistance switching paths, and external gate-source and snubber capacitors, has been evaluated for both technologies at different temperatures and switching rates. The results show that solutions are less effective for SiC-MOSFETs because of lower threshold voltages and smaller margins for negative gate bias on the SiC-MOSFET gate. Models for evaluating the parasitic voltage have also been developed for diagnostic and predictive purposes. These results are important for converter designers seeking to use SiC technology.
A novel regulator RcdA of the csgD gene encoding the master regulator of biofilm formation in Escherichia coli

The FixJ/LuxR family transcription factor CsgD is a master regulator of biofilm formation in Escherichia coli. Previously, we identified more than 10 transcription factors that participate in regulation of the csgD promoter. After genomic SELEX screening of regulation targets, an uncharacterized TetR‐type transcription factor YbjK was found to be involved in regulation of the csgD promoter. In addition, a number of stress‐response genes were found to be under the direct control of YbjK. Taken together, we propose to rename it to RcdA (regulator of csgD). One unique feature of RcdA is its mode of DNA binding. Gel shift, DNase‐I footprinting, and atomic force microscopic (AFM) analyses indicated that RcdA is a DNA‐binding protein with a high level of cooperativity, with which it covers the entire surface of probe DNA through protein–protein interaction and moreover it induces the formation of aggregates of DNA–RcdA complexes.
The Contribution of Handwriting and Spelling Remediation to Overcoming Dyslexia

Subjects referred to English Dyslexia Centres tend to be those with the most severe problems. Normal provision has failed with them. Remedial help within class and as an additional support has also failed. In the English system the diagnosis of need for referral for specialist tuition thus comes late, often at the transfer age of 10/11 years when the pupil is about to leave primary and enter secondary school. The delay in diagnosis is due to the Statementing system needed to gain additional resources, the specialist tuition, and lack of agreed diagnostic indicators in the early years.
Referral patterns, cancer diagnoses, and waiting times after introduction of two week wait rule for breast cancer: prospective cohort study

Objective To investigate the long term impact of the two week wait rule for breast cancer on referral patterns, cancer diagnoses, and waiting times. Design Prospective cohort study. Setting A specialist breast clinic in a teaching hospital in Bristol. Participants All patients referred to breast clinic from primary care between 1999 and 2005. Main outcome measures Number, route, and outcome of referrals from primary care and waiting times for urgent and routine appointments. Results The annual number of referrals increased by 9% over the seven years from 3499 in 1999 to 3821 in 2005. Routine referrals decreased by 24% (from 1748 to 1331), but two week wait referrals increased by 42% (from 1751 to 2490) during this time. The percentage of patients diagnosed with cancer in the two week wait group decreased from 12.8% (224/1751) in 1999 to 7.7% (191/2490) in 2005 (P<0.001), while the number of cancers detected in the “routine” group increased from 2.5% (43/1748) to 5.3% (70/1331) (P<0.001) over the same period. About 27% (70/261) of people with cancer are currently referred in the non-urgent group. Waiting times for routine referrals have increased with time. Conclusion The two week wait rule for breast cancer is failing patients. The number of cancers detected in the two week wait population is decreasing, and an unacceptable proportion is now being referred via the routine route. If breast cancer services are to be improved, the two week wait rule should be reviewed urgently.
Declines in High School Mathematics and Science Participation: Evidence of Students’ and Future Teachers’ Disengagement with Maths

Recent national analyses have shown declines in the number of high school students studying maths and science and there is concern over participation in STEM education. We report on mathematics and science subject combination choices made by students in the New South Wales (NSW) Higher School Certificate (HSC) between 2001 and 2013 and show a substantial decline in the proportion of students undertaking at least one maths and one science subject. We identify a decline in intermediate (2 unit) mathematics as central to the decline in maths and science combinations and explore this in two further analyses: examining HSC maths participation in general; and among students receiving offers for university Initial Teacher Education (ITE). Between 2001 and 2013 the proportion of students going on to study HSC without any maths tripled (from 3.2 to 9.7%), a small increase is seen in elementary level General maths (from 28.9 to 31.9), while intermediate, 2 unit maths, declined (16.8 to 11.4) and advanced, extension courses, remained stable. For students receiving ITE university offers between 2001 and 2013 there was: a tripling in the proportion with no mathematics at HSC (4.8 to 15.6%); with a large a growing majority in General maths (55.1 to 64.5%); and halving of 2 Unit (30.6 to 14.2%) and extension courses (9.5 to 5.46%). Together these analyses raise serious concerns for maths and numeracy standards and for STEM education and industry. In particular, the declining participation rates among prospective teachers’ are deeply concerning, with the potential to create a vicious cycle of declining engagement with maths in New South Wales schools.
The efficacy and complications of radiofrequency ablation of thyroid nodules

Purpose of reviewThe use of radiofrequency ablation has increased rapidly in recent years and is receiving increased attention as a minimally invasive method to treat benign and malignant thyroid nodules. Recent findingsRadiofrequency ablation has been shown to be an alternative to surgery in the treatment of benign thyroid nodules. Radiofrequency ablation of benign cold nodules showed volume reductions of 32.7–58.2% at 1 month and 50.7–84.8% at 6 months, while reducing symptoms and cosmetic problems. Radiofrequency ablation of autonomously functioning thyroid nodules effectively improves thyroid function and reduces nodule volume. Recently, radiofrequency ablation of recurrent thyroid cancers showed good short-term results for locoregional control of well differentiated thyroid carcinoma in patients at high risk for surgery. Various complications of radiofrequency ablation have been reported, including pain, voice change, hematoma, skin burn at the puncture site, thyrotoxicosis, hypothyroidism, edema, and fever, but most patients recovered spontaneously without sequelae. SummaryRadiofrequency ablation is an effective and well tolerated treatment option for benign thyroid nodules. Radiofrequency ablation of recurrent thyroid cancers may be an alternative to surgery in patients at high surgical risk.