Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Changes of Physical Capacity and Soccer-Related Skills in Young Soccer Players within a One-Year Training Period

Background: The aim of this study was to determine changes in both aerobic and anaerobic physical capacity as well as in sport-specific skills in footballers as a result of the applied training load within a one-year training period. It was assumed that the type of applied training load would have a significant influence on changes in physical capacity indexes and on differences in soccer technical skills. Material/Methods: The tests applied in the research were: Wingate test 30 sec. version for lower extremities (used to assess anaerobic capacity), PWC170 test (used to assess aerobic capacity) and German Football Association test of soccer technique skills known as DFB test (Deutsche Fussball Bund test). Results: The highest values of maximal power (Pmax=11.2 W·kg) and maximal total work volume (W=270.1 J·kg) obtained in Wingate test were noted at the end of the preparatory season. Statistically significant differences (p≤0.05) of mean values of the maximal power occurred between the first and the second test. No differences were stated between mean values of total work volume. However, aerobic capacity index and VO2max determined by an indirect method reached the highest values at the end of the competitive season and amounted to 18.6 kgm·kg·min and 51.8 ml·kg·min respectively. The best results in soccer technical skills test were registered at the end of the preparatory season (343.6 points) and at the end of the competitive season (340.2 points). Conclusions: It is stated that training load applied had a beneficial influence on changes in physical capacity indexes and results of soccer-related skills. Word count: 4,864 Tables: 5 Figures: 11 References: 30 Received: November 2011 Accepted: November 2011 Published: December 2011 Corresponding author: Dr hab. prof. nadzw. Zbigniew Jastrzębski Gdansk University of Physical Education and Sport, 80-336 Gdańsk, Poland, ul. K. Górskiego 1 Phone: +4858 554-71-38, e-mail: zb.jastrzebski@op.pl Z. Jastrzębski, W. Barnat, A. Konieczna, P. Rompa, Ł. Radzimiński, Physical Capacity and Soccer-Related Skills in Young Soccer Players
Slang and Sociability: In-Group Language Among College Students

Slang is often seen as a lesser form of language, one that is simply not as meaningful or important as its 'regular' counterpart. Connie Eble refutes this notion as she reveals the sources, poetry, symbolism, and subtlety of informal slang expressions. In Slang and Sociability , Eble explores the words and phrases that American college students use casually among themselves. Based on more than 10,000 examples submitted by Eble's students at the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill over the last twenty years, the book shows that slang is dynamic vocabulary that cannot be dismissed as deviant or marginal. Like more formal words and phrases, slang is created, modified, and transmitted by its users to serve their own purposes. In the case of college students, these purposes include cementing group identity and opposing authority. The book includes a glossary of the more than 1,000 slang words and phrases discussed in the text, as well as a list of the 40 most enduring terms since 1972. Examples from the glossary: group gropes -- encounter groups squirrel kisser -- environmentalist Goth -- student who dresses in black and listens to avant-garde music bad bongos -- situation in which things do not go well triangle -- person who is stupid or not up on the latest za -- pizza smoke -- to perform well dead soldier -- empty beer container toast -- in big trouble, the victim of misfortune parental units -- parents |In this updated edition of his balanced and concise look at the still-controversial decision to use atomic bombs against Japan, Walker takes into account more recent scholarship on the topic, including new findings on the Japanese decision to surrender.
Understanding consumer ethical decision making with respect to purchase of pirated software

This paper examines the influence of consumers’ moral intensity, perceived risks and moral judgment on their purchase intention of pirated software. The aspects of moral intensity include magnitude of consequence, social consensus, probability of effect and temporal immediacy. The perceived risks of consumers are related to financial, performance, prosecution and social risks. Moral judgment is based on cognitive moral development and reasoning. Ten hypotheses were developed and tested with data collected using a scenario‐based questionnaire. A hierarchical regression analysis is used to control for variations that are attributed to factors such as gender, age, educational attainment, income, price levels and past software experience of consumers. Results revealed that consumer purchase intention is influenced by certain aspects of their perceived moral intensity, magnitude of consequence, temporal immediacy and social consensus; perceived risks, financial, prosecution and social; and moral judgment, cognitive moral development and moral reasoning. Applicability and implication of the findings as well as suggestions for further research are discussed.
Nosocomial Viral Infections: IV. Guidelines for Cohort Isolation, the Communicable Disease Survey, Collection and Transport of Specimens for Virus Isolation, and Considerations for the Future

Abstract Virus transmission within the hospital is related to trans-missibility of the virus and susceptibility of the population at risk. General guidelines for the use of cohort isolation, for the control of virus transmission in the hospital, and for the use of the communicable disease survey for pediatric patients and visitors to the hospital are outlined. We also present a brief review of how to collect and transport specimens for virus isolation to assist the infection control practitioner and the clinician, and conclude with recommendations for future investigations in the areas of virology and infection control [Infect Control 1981; 2(3):236-245. ]
Usual sleep duration and cognitive function in older adults in Spain

The few studies that have examined the association between usual sleep duration and cognitive function have shown conflicting results. This cross‐sectional study examined the association between sleep duration and cognitive function among 3212 people, representative of the non‐institutionalized population aged 60 years and over in Spain. Sleep duration was self‐reported, and cognitive function was measured with the Mini‐Examen Cognoscitivo (MEC), a version of the Mini‐Mental State Examination that has been validated in Spain. Linear regression, with adjustment for the main confounders, was used to obtain mean differences in the MEC between the categories of sleep duration (≤5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, ≥11 h day−1). The MEC score decreased progressively (became worse) across sleep categories from 7 to ≥11 h (P for linear trend <0.001). People who slept for ≥11 h had a significantly lower MEC score than those who slept for 7 h (mean difference −1.48; 95% confidence interval −2.12 to −0.85). This difference in the MEC was similar to that observed for a 10‐year increase in age. The results did not vary significantly by sex (P for interaction >0.05). No association was observed between short sleep duration (<7 h) and cognitive function. We conclude that long sleep duration is associated with poorer cognitive function in older adults from the general population.
Automatic error detection in second language learner's writing

Abstract This article presents a system designed for automatic detection of errors in second language learner's writing. The system contains two modules, one aimed at detecting and correcting of spelling errors, and a second module providing a broad detection of higher level language errors. The article describes extensions to existing error detection algorithms and introduces a novel method of context-based ranking of spelling correction candidates based on probabilistic context-free grammars. The performance of the system is evaluated on real data with manually marked and classified errors.
Mapping Functional Domains of Colicin M

ABSTRACT Colicin M (Cma) lyses Escherichia coli cells by inhibiting murein biosynthesis through hydrolysis of the phosphate ester between C55-polyisoprenol and N-acetylmuramyl (MurNAc)-pentapeptide-GlcNAc in the periplasm. To identify Cma functional domains, we isolated 54 point mutants and small deletion mutants and examined their cytotoxicity levels. Activity and uptake mutants were distinguished by osmotic shock, which transfers Cma into the periplasm independent of the specific FhuA receptor and the Ton system. Deletion of the hydrophobic helix α1, which extends from the compact Cma structure, abolished interference with the antibiotic albomycin, which is transported across the outer membrane by the same system as Cma, thereby identifying α1 as the Cma site that binds to FhuA. Deletion of the C-terminal Lys-Arg strongly reduced Cma translocation across the outer membrane after binding to FhuA. Conversion of Asp226 to Glu, Asn, or Ala inactivated Cma. Asp226 is exposed at the Cma surface and is surrounded by Asp225, Asp229, His235, Tyr228, and Arg236; replacement of each with alanine inactivated Cma. We propose that Asp226 directly participates in phosphate ester hydrolysis and that the surrounding residues contribute to the active site. These residues are strongly conserved in Cma-like proteins of other species. Replacement of other conserved residues with alanine inactivated Cma; these mutations probably altered the Cma structure, as particularly apparent for mutants in the unique open β-barrel of Cma, which were isolated in lower yields. Our results identify regions in Cma responsible for uptake and activity and support the concept of a three-domain arrangement of Cma.
Identifying Relevant Competencies for Secondary Teachers of English Learners

This study examined the English Learner (EL) teacher knowledge base from three perspectives: (a) competencies the current literature recommends that all teachers need know and use for teaching English learners in their content classes, (b) competencies the current literature recommends secondary teachers of English learners need to know and use for teaching English learners across the grades, and (c) views practicing secondary teachers of English learners hold about competencies they need to be successful with these students in academic subject-area classes. We identified the points of commonality between what is considered critical for all teachers and what secondary teachers need to know and be able to do, as well how they differ, and also what view practicing secondary teachers express about knowledge and practices the literature claims they need to be effective with English learners. This research identified the relevant competencies for secondary teachers of English learners, “to get a better sense of where we are starting from” (Lucas & Grinberg, 2008, p. 628) with respect to the kinds of knowledge and practices that preservice and in-service teachers are being asked to learn, question, implement, and reflect upon.
β‐Hydroxybutyrate as a Precursor to the Acetyl Moiety of Acetylcholine

Abstract— Rat brain cortex slices were incubated with 10 mm‐glucose and trace amounts of [6‐3H]glucose and [3‐14C]β‐hydroxybutyrate. The effects of (‐)‐hydroxycitrate, an inhibitor of ATP‐citrate lyase; methylmalonate, an inhibitor of β‐hydroxybutyrate dehydrogenase; and increasing concentrations of unlabeled acetoacetate were examined. The incorporation of label into lactate, citrate, malate, and acetylcholine (ACh) was measured and 3H:14C ratios calculated. Incorporation of [14C]β‐hydroxybutyrate into lactate was limited because of the low activity of gluconeogenic enzymes in brain, whereas incorporation of 14C label into Krebs cycle intermediates and ACh was higher than in previous experiments with [3H‐,14C]‐glucose. (–)‐Hydroxycitrate (5.0 mM) reduced incorporation of [3H]glucose and [14C]β‐hydroxybutyrate into ACh. In contrast, slices incubated with methylmalonate (1 mm) showed a decrease in 14C incorporation without appreciably affecting glucose metabolism. The effects of high concentrations of methylmalonate were nonselective and yielded a generalized decrease in metabolism. Acetoacetate (1 mm) also produced a decreased 14C incorporation into ACh and its precursors. At 10 mm, acetoacetate reduced 3H and 14C incorporation into ACh without substantially affecting total ACh content. From the results, it is suggested that in adult rats β‐hydroxybutyrate can contribute to the acetyl moiety of ACh, possibly via the citrate cleavage pathway, though it is quantitatively less important than glucose and pyruvate. This contribution of ketone bodies could become significant should their concentration become abnormally high or glucose metabolism be reduced.
Value priorities and readiness for out-group social contact.

Relations of individuals' value priorities to their readiness for out-group social contact were examined in dominant and minority groups. Study I examined readiness of 151 Israeli Jewish teachers (dominant group) for contact with Israeli Arabs (minority). Readiness correlated positively with emphasizing universalism and self-direction values and negatively with emphasizing tradition, security, and conformity values. This confirmed an integrated set of hypotheses from S. H. Schwartz's (1992) value theory. Study 2 examined readiness of Israeli Arab Muslim (N = 111) and Christian (N = 88 ) teachers for contact with Israeli Jews. Hypotheses took account of differences between the two Arab minorities in motivation to integrate into the dominant society versus to preserve their uniqueness. Correlations with values confirmed most hypotheses.
Penetrating zone II neck injury by broken windshield

All penetrating neck wounds are potentially dangerous and require emergency treatment because there are important vessels, nerves and organs in the neck. We present the case of a patient who had an unusual penetrating neck injury caused by a broken windshield, noticed accidentally. Because fragments of windshield glass consist of sharp material, and the neck contains vital structures, such penetrating neck injury may cause life‐threatening complications. Radiological examinations should be offered before the management of all neck wounds. The risk of retained foreign bodies and related complications can be prevented by using fluoroscopy during surgical exploration of the neck.
On the edge of supply: designing renewable energy supply into everyday life

With peak oil behind us, nuclear generation capacity dwindling, and increasingly daunting looking carbon emissions targets, we are moving to a world where we must consider transitioning to renewable energy sources. Renewables are time varying and their inherent unpredictability must challenge our everyday assumptions around energy availability—leading, we believe, to an emphasis on ‘supply’ rather than ‘demand’. Using a range of methods including action research, participatory design and technology mediated enquiry, we report on our work in partnership with the community of Tiree as an exemplar of this future. Tiree is the outermost of the Scottish Inner Hebrides— a remote island on the edge of the national electricity grid with a precarious grip on energy—here we uncover the role of renewables and the resilience of a community in moving away from traditional energy provision. We offer opportunities for designing ICT to support supply driven practices in this context, and a simple framework for exploiting under and over supply.
Combining geographical information of users and content of items for accurate rating prediction

Recommender systems have attracted attentions lately due to their wide and successful applications in online advertising. In this paper, we propose a bayesian generative model to describe the generative process of rating, which combines geographical information of users and content of items. The generative model consists of two interacting LDA models, where one LDA model for location-based user groups (user dimension) and the other for the topics of content of items(item dimension). A Gibbs sampling algorithm is proposed for parameter estimation. Experiments have shown our proposed method outperforms baseline methods.
A parallel algorithm for computing minimum spanning trees

We present a simple and implementable algorithm that computes a minimum spanning tree of an undirected weighted graph G = (V;E) of n = jV j vertices andm = jEj edges on an EREW PRAM in O(log3=2n) time using n+m processors. This represents a substantial improvement in the running time over the previous results for this problem using at the same time the weakest of the PRAM models. It also implies the existence of algorithms having the same complexity bounds for the EREW PRAM, for connectivity, ear decomposition, biconnectivity, strong orientation, st-numbering and Euler tours problems.
Unbounding the Managerial Mind

Management theory has been heavily influenced by Simon’s concept of bounded rationality, so much so that bounded rationality has become a first principle in many modern theories of management and organization. But this influence has come at a price. It has devolved into a view of managers as “small brains” myopically trapped in local environments. We take issue with small-brained management theory, and argue that the time is ripe to refashion the microfoundations of managerial cognition into a “big-brained” alternative.
Dissecting prostate carcinogenesis through ETS gene rearrangement studies: implications for anticancer drug development

The discovery of ETS gene fusions as common events in prostate cancer represents a paradigmatic shift in the significance attributed to chromosomal translocations as a key mechanistic player in carcinogenesis. However, these chromosomal fusion events are poorly understood, as their functional significance and therapeutic potential remain unclear. Nonetheless, they have generally been used as novel molecular handles to sub-categorise the broad diversity of prostate cancers mainly via the use of fluorescence in-situ hybridisation-based “break-apart assays”. Thus, the potential roles of these ETS gene fusion events are being actively explored and are discussed in this review within the context of the existing scientific and clinical climates. Examples include their possible utilities as screening tools, markers for risk stratification and predictors of responses to therapies (in particular hormonal manipulation), biomarkers to guide early phase clinical trials, as well as therapeutic targets. Work is ongoing to address the many questions surrounding these pursuits in a very rapidly evolving area of research, and it is believed that an improved understanding of the biology underpinning these genetic events is vital in order to optimise their use in anticancer drug development.
Relations of Dietary Magnesium Intake to Biomarkers of Inflammation and Endothelial Dysfunction in an Ethnically Diverse Cohort of Postmenopausal Women

OBJECTIVE Although magnesium may favorably affect metabolic outcomes, few studies have investigated the role of magnesium intake in systemic inflammation and endothelial dysfunction in humans. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS Among 3,713 postmenopausal women aged 50–79 years in the Women's Health Initiative Observational Study and free of cardiovascular disease, cancer, and diabetes at baseline, we measured plasma concentrations of high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP), interleukin-6 (IL-6), turnor necrosis factor-α receptor 2 (TNF-α-R2), soluble intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (sICAM-1), soluble vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 (sVCAM-1), and E-selectin. Magnesium intake was assessed using a semiquantitative food frequency questionnaire. RESULTS After adjustment for age, ethnicity, clinical center, time of blood draw, smoking, alcohol, physical activity, energy intake, BMI, and diabetes status, magnesium intake was inversely associated with hs-CRP (P for linear trend = 0.003), IL-6 (P < 0.0001), TNF-α-R2 (P = 0.0006), and sVCAM-1 (P = 0.06). Similar findings remained after further adjustment for dietary fiber, fruit, vegetables, folate, and saturated and trans fat intake. Multivariable-adjusted geometric means across increasing quintiles of magnesium intake were 3.08, 2.63, 2.31, 2.53, and 2.16 mg/l for hs-CRP (P = 0.005); 2.91, 2.63, 2.45, 2.27, and 2.26 pg/ml for IL-6 (P = 0.0005); and 707, 681, 673, 671, and 656 ng/ml for sVCAM-1 (P = 0.04). An increase of 100 mg/day magnesium was inversely associated with hs-CRP (−0.23 mg/l ± 0.07; P = 0.002), IL-6 (−0.14 ± 0.05 pg/ml; P = 0.004), TNF-α-R2 (−0.04 ± 0.02 pg/ml; P = 0.06), and sVCAM-1 (−0.04 ± 0.02 ng/ml; P = 0.07). No significant ethnic differences were observed. CONCLUSIONS High magnesium intake is associated with lower concentrations of certain markers of systemic inflammation and endothelial dysfunction in postmenopausal women.
A comparative study of classification methods for traffic signs recognition

This paper presents a comparative study of several classification methods for the task of recognizing traffic signs in urban areas. These classification methods are artificial neural network (ANN), k-nearest neighbors (kNN), support vector machine (SVM), and random forest (RF). First, HSI-based color segmentation process is applied to obtain candidate regions. Using centroid-based feature, these regions will be classified into three shape classes, such as circle, rectangle and triangle. Hereafter, histograms of oriented gradient (HOG) features are extracted from each region that will be utilized in recognizing step. For comparison, well-known public databases will be used. The comparison based on the implementation result from those data with difference condition of intensity and angle of view. Comprehensive comparative results to illustrate the performance result of each classification method are presented.