Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
From Policy “Frames” to “Framing”

The concept of frames or framing, especially cast as “frame analysis,” has an established history in public policy. Taking off from the work of Donald Schön and Martin Rein, we develop the idea of policy analytic framing, the more dynamic of the two terms, in ways that strengthen what we see as its promise for a more process-oriented and politically sensitive understanding of the activities it is used to characterize. We argue that such an approach needs to engage the following aspects of the work that framing does: sense-making; selecting, naming, and categorizing; and storytelling. In addition, frame theorizing needs to engage not only the way issues are framed but also the intertwining of framing and frame-makers’ identities, and the meta-communicative framing of policy processes.
A New Scale for Measuring Adults' Prosocialness

Abstract. In the present study, the authors proposed a novel self-report 16-item scale for assessing individual differences in adult prosocialness and tested its measurement properties by employing an item response theory (IRT) analysis of data collected from a sample of 2,574 Italian adults. Prior work employing classical psychometric methods of analysis had already established the reliability and validity of the instrument. The present study furthered this scrutiny by examining whether the different prosocialness items were equally effective in discriminating people and equally informative; it also examined gender differences in the functioning of the items. The results of IRT analyses strongly supported the measurement effectiveness and sensitivity of the 16 prosocialness items, and findings are discussed for their implications in behavioral assessment research on prosocialness.
On Culture and Biological Man

ed from it, are learned. Its expression is mediated through the central nervous system and, in particular, through the integrating properties of the cortex. Every species, therefore, has its set of limits, which perceptually represents the possible input from the environment and whether the organism can handle this input. Thus, animals that cannot synthesize light signals into three-dimensional images differ anatomically and physiologically from those that can. Much of the discussion of culture presents comparative material from man and the lower animals. Many examples can only be analogies, since comparable work is not available for man-either because it has not yet been done or because it cannot properly be done within ethical limitations. The use of such evidence derives from the fundamental assumption that there is a continuity of process across species, however significant the differences in detail. Provided one is careful to establish both the similarities and the differences, extrapolations can be a fruitful guide to hypotheses which can be experimentally tested. The beststudied and perhaps the most striking such analogy (but in no sense the only one) is the way in which spatial distance is utilized not merely to make interaction possible, but also to set in motion particular emotional-interactional patterns, specifically the initiative and dominance variables. The investigation of culture might properly be called cultural anthropology (or for that matter, social anthropology, if these terms are considered equivalent-as they are not in England, for example) provided its area of concern is distinguished from behavioral anthropology as here defined. This investigation is twofold. First, it is built upon a systematic use of the science of learning, dependent to a large extent upon, but by no means limited by, what psychology has so far contributed. Second, it concentrates on the logical systems special to each of the cultural dimensions into which culture can be divided. These logical systems are based on criteria other than those of the natural sciences. The assumptions-and the logical combinations which result-may be economic or mechanical, or both, in the case of the technology of the work flow; they may be perceptual and architectural in the case of space. In communication, there are logical systems based on color and form, on properties of sound and rhythm, on symbolic logic or visual concordance. Combining these two main areas of inquiry, cultural anthropology can explicitly concern itself with the constraints within which the human animal lives, constraints which one can no more exclude from the behavioral side than one can study a fish as a functioning organism and ignore the ocean within which he swims. FOUNDATIONS OF BEHAVIORAL
SmartTouch: electric skin to touch the untouchable

Augmented haptics lets users touch surface information of any modality. SmartTouch uses optical sensors to gather information and electrical stimulation to translate it into tactile display. Augmented reality is an engineer's approach to this dream. In AR, sensors capture artificial information from the world, and existing sensing channels display it. Hence, we virtually acquire the sensor's physical ability as our own. Augmented haptics, the result of applying AR to haptics, would allow a person to touch the untouchable. Our system, SmartTouch, uses a tactile display and a sensor. When the sensor contacts an object, an electrical stimulation translates the acquired information into a tactile sensation, such as a vibration or pressure, through the tactile display. Thus, an individual not only makes physical contact with an object, but also touches the surface information of any modality, even those that are typically untouchable.
Endurance Training in Normobaric Hypoxia Imposes Less Physical Stress for Geriatric Rehabilitation

Rationale: Evidence suggests that training in hypoxia can be very effective even while requiring less physical effort. We therefore aimed to measure the effect of endurance training under hypoxic conditions on pulmonary and cardiovascular parameters in an elderly population undergoing inpatient rehabilitation. Methods: Forty patients over age 65 years with multiple co-morbid conditions were recruited during a 3-week stay in a geriatric rehabilitation center. Using a randomized, single-blinded, placebo-controlled design, patients were assigned to a hypoxic (HG) or normoxic (NG) group. HG patients completed seven training sessions of 30 min duration on a treadmill in a normobaric chamber with inspired oxygen fraction (FiO2) of 15.27%, with 10–30 min active training. Training was conducted with target heart rate at 80% of peak oxygen consumption (VO2-peak). NG group performed similar training in sham hypoxia (room air or FiO2 = 20.94%). At pre- and post-test completion, measures included: (1) cycle ergometry with ECG monitoring and measurement of VO2-peak, and (2) echocardiography for ejection fraction. Results: The physical effort required of patients to reach target heart rate was reduced significantly (−28%, p = 0.043) in the HG compared to NG. Cardiopulmonary parameters showed no differences between groups. Conclusion: Endurance training at 3,000 meters elevation imposes less stress on the locomotor systems while resulting in a similar physiological strain (i.e., heart rate). Hypoxic training holds promise for successful geriatric rehabilitation by being more accommodating to physical limitations in geriatric patients. Trial registration: Registration at DRKS. (Approval No. 359/12, Trial No. DRKS00005241).
Thinking for speaking and thinking for listening: The interaction of thought and language in typical and non-fluent comprehension and production

In this paper, we reconsider some of the processes that distinguish production and comprehension. In particular, we discuss the specific forms of thinking involved in each: “thinking for speaking” and “thinking for listening” (Black & Chiat, 2000; Slobin, 1996). We argue that thinking for speaking (or for any form of language output) crucially involves schematisation or “paring down” of conceptual information (Dipper, 1999), a process partly driven by the language system itself. Thinking for listening, on the other hand, involves an “enrichment” of skeletal conceptual information derived from the linguistic input, using pragmatic principles. Production and comprehension involve distinct forms of interaction between thought and language, and should not be characterised as a simple reversal of the same processes. This approach allows us to account for different patterns of production and comprehension in non-fluent aphasia, and predict some of the factors the facilitate processing for people with these language impairments.
Scheduling of generators with a hybrid genetic algorithm

In the new competitive electricity supply industry, there is a renewed interest in algorithms that can provide savings in operation costs. An optimal scheduling of generators can provide substantial annual savings in fuel costs, but this highly constrained nonlinear mixed integer optimisation problem can only be fully solved by complete enumeration, a process which is not computationally feasible for realistic power systems. An attempt has been made in this work to incorporate a priority list scheme in a hybrid genetic algorithm to solve the generator scheduling problem. Test results on networks with up to 110 generators are presented.
[Respiratory infection caused by Chlamydia pneumoniae].

INTRODUCTION Chlamydia pneumoniae is a pathogen usually associated with respiratory pathology. It has been estimated that this agent causes 5 to 15% of all pneumonias but its incidence among hospitalised children with respiratory infections is unknown. OBJECTIVE Characterization of the Chlamydia pneumoniae respiratory infections in hospitalised children. PATIENTS AND METHODS Retrospective longitudinal study of the Chlamydia pneumoniae respiratory infections in children admitted between January 1999 and June 2001 in the Department of Pediatrics in the Fernando Fonseca Hospital-Portugal. Sex, age, race, socio-economic status, number of scholar siblings, frequency of nursery/school, parents smoking habits, familiar atopy, personal history, clinical presentation, diagnosis, treatment and follow-up were analysed for each child. RESULTS 55 cases were documented, 60% males and 73% whites. The age on admission varied between 17 days and 14 years-old, with a higher incidence below 5 years-old (60%). Twenty-three (42%) of the children were in nursery or in school and 12 (44%) had siblings at school-ages. Parent smoking habits were documented in 21 (38%) and familiar atopy in 21 (38%) children. Respiratory atopy (6 children), gastroesophageal reflux (3), cerebral palsy (1), cleft palate (1) and prematurity (1). Pneumonia was the most frequent clinical presentation (63%), followed by bronchiolitis (20%). The clinical presentation was not specific, with cough (84%), respiratory distress (65%) and fever (58%) being the most frequent signs. The most prevalent radiological pattern was the interstitial (42%). Coinfection by other agents occurred in five cases: S. pneumoniae (2), H. influenzae tipo b (1), P. aeruginosa (1) and tuberculosis (1). Complications were documented in 32 (58%) children: hypoxemia (20), pleural effusion (8), atelectasis (2) e atelectasis and hypoxemia (2). Macrolides were prescribed in 44% cases. DISCUSSION This study calls the attention to the fact that Chlamydia pneumoniae infection is an etiology to be considered in children with respiratory infection and hospitalisation criteria. This infection can occur in all ages. Because the clinical presentation is not specific and complications can occur, a high level of suspicion is necessary for its diagnosis.
Simpson's Paradox: An Anatomy

Simpson's Paradox: An Anatomy Cognitive Systems Laboratory Computer Science Department University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90024 judea@cs.ucla. edu Judea Pearl This report discusses the reversal e ect known as Simpson's paradox from a causal- theoretic viewpoint. It analyzes the reasons why the e ect has been (and still is) considered paradoxical and why its resolution has been so late in coming. The re- port is extracted from a forthcoming book Causality Pearl, 2000], and assumes some familiarity with causal diagrams and the do ( ) (or set ( )) notation (e.g., Pearl, 1995]). Abstract 0.1 A Tale of a Non-Paradox Simpson's paradox Simpson, 1951 Blyth, 1972], rst encountered by Pearson in 1899 Aldrich, 1995], refers to the phenomenon whereby an event C increases the probability of E in a given population p and, at the same time, decreases the probability of E in ev- ery subpopulation of p . In other words, if F and : F are two complementary properties describing two subpopulations, we might well encounter the inequalities P ( E j C ) > P ( E j: C ) P ( E j C F ) < P ( E j: C F ) P ( E j C : F ) < P ( E j: C : F ) : Although such order reversal might not surprise students of probability, it is paradoxical when given causal interpretation. For example, if we associate C (connoting cause ) with taking a certain drug, E (connoting e ect ) with recovery, and F with being a female then| under the causal interpretation of (2){(3)|the drug seems to be harmful to both males and females yet bene cial to the population as a whole (equation (1)). Intuition deems such a result impossible, and correctly so. The tables in Fig. 1 represent Simpson's reversal numerically. We see that, overall, the recovery rate for patients receiving the drug ( C ) at 50% exceeds that of the control ( : C ) at 40% and so the drug treatment is apparently to be preferred. However, when we inspect the separate tables for males and females, the recovery rate for the untreated patients is 10% higher than that for the treated ones, for males and females both.
Global Image Dissimilarity in Macaque Inferotemporal Cortex Predicts Human Visual Search Efficiency

Finding a target in a visual scene can be easy or difficult depending on the nature of the distractors. Research in humans has suggested that search is more difficult the more similar the target and distractors are to each other. However, it has not yielded an objective definition of similarity. We hypothesized that visual search performance depends on similarity as determined by the degree to which two images elicit overlapping patterns of neuronal activity in visual cortex. To test this idea, we recorded from neurons in monkey inferotemporal cortex (IT) and assessed visual search performance in humans using pairs of images formed from the same local features in different global arrangements. The ability of IT neurons to discriminate between two images was strongly predictive of the ability of humans to discriminate between them during visual search, accounting overall for 90% of the variance in human performance. A simple physical measure of global similarity—the degree of overlap between the coarse footprints of a pair of images—largely explains both the neuronal and the behavioral results. To explain the relation between population activity and search behavior, we propose a model in which the efficiency of global oddball search depends on contrast-enhancing lateral interactions in high-order visual cortex.
The Effects of Ethnic Identity Formation on Bilingual Maintenance and Development: An Analysis of Asian American Narratives

This study examines one stage of ethnic identity formation and its effects on attitudes toward the heritage language (HL) among a group of Americans of Asian descent in the US. Previous research suggests that Ethnic Ambivalence/Evasion is a period when ethnic minority individuals have little or no interest in their ethnic heritage, with some actively rejecting ethnic identification. This study examines published narratives of Americans of Asian descent to discover whether these feelings extend to the heritage language, and if so, how they affect language beliefs and behaviours. The results suggest that for many, the HL is closely associated with the ethnic group so that attitudes toward the ethnic group and its language speakers also extend to the narrators' own language ability and their interest (or lack of interest) in maintaining and developing their HL. The findings are discussed and implications for HL education are presented.
Control charts for the on-line diagnostics of CMM performances

The quality of a production process is increasing its dependence on both the manufacturing technology, and the production control. In most applications controls are operated by relying on intelligent instrumentation to 'automatically' perform the programmed checks. However, the performance systems that verify the product's quality can deteriorate, as can the production process. This paper presents a method for the on-line verification of the performance of a coordinate measuring machine (CMM) using statistically based control charts. The method is automated and performed on-line during a normal measurement cycle. Some experimental results are then presented and discussed.
The Ownership of English

M Given the theme of this convention, Designing Our World, and at a time when territorial disputes and matters of ownership and identity are so prominent in the affairs of the world in general, this is perhaps an appropriate occasion to raise the question of how we stake out our own territory as English teachers in delimiting and designing our world. And to ask who does the designing and on what authority. To start with, who determines the demarcation of the subject itself? We are teaching English and the general assumption is that our purpose is to develop in students a proficiency which approximates as closely as possible to that of native speakers. But who are these native speakers? One answer might be: the English. And why not? A modest proposal surely. England is where the language originated and this is where the English (for the most part) live. The language and the people are bound together by both morphology and history. So they can legitimately lay claim to this linguistic territory. It belongs to them. And they are the custodians. If you want real or proper English, this is where it is to be found, preserved, and listed like a property of the National Trust.
A virtual equipment as a test bench for evaluating Virtual Metrology algorithms

This paper presents a Virtual Equipment which serves as a testing environment for evaluating Virtual Metrology (VM) algorithms prior to their implementation into semiconductor fab structures. The Virtual Equipment merges statistical simulation with physical simulation to generate test data sets for various common and uncommon states of the processing equipment. The input data is based on historical fab data and synthetically generated data. Main result of the presented work is the bidirectional link of statistical methods with physical simulations which is the core of the virtual test environment. The testing of VM algorithms can be controlled via a Graphical User Interface (GUI). A simplified physical simulation of a Chemical Vapor Deposition (CVD) reaction chamber is set up based on CAD data as an example of the physical simulation part.
Compact Lowpass Filters With Sharp and Expanded Stopband Using Stepped Impedance Hairpin Units

This letter presents a novel compact lowpass filter with two transmission zeros. By tap-connecting the stepped-impedance hairpin unit, two transmission zeros can be generated when an interdigital structure is introduced between the two low-impedance sections. Further, the two transmission zeros can be adjusted easily to obtain a larger zero separation without the need to change the stepped-impedance unit. Therefore, a sharp transition, an expanded stopband, a low insertion loss, and a compact size can be obtained simultaneously. Two filters with single and two asymmetric units are designed, fabricated, and tested. The measured results demonstrate good performance: compact size, low passband insertion loss, broad stopband, and sharp skirt characteristic.
Building the right cloud solutions

Given that cloud computing is still one of, if not the most hyped buzzword in technology these days, we think it is important to bring the community of developers together to discuss and share the initial experiences in building the cloud solutions that makes the most sense in todays reality. According to NIST[2], the four deployment models of cloud computing are community clouds, private clouds, public clouds and hybrid clouds. The workshop aims to discuss and share experiences and state of the practice in deploying these cloud models.
Choroidal Characteristics of Acute and Chronic Central Serous Chorioretinopathy Using Enhanced Depth Imaging Optical Coherence Tomography

Purpose Central serous chorioretinopathy (CSC) is an idiopathic disorder characterized by serous detachments of the neurosensory retina and/or the retinal pigment epithelium affecting the macular area in the majority of cases. The objective of this study was to describe choroidal findings in patients with acute and chronic CSC based on enhanced depth imaging optical coherence tomography analysis. Methods This is a cross-sectional, noninterventional study performed at Luigi Sacco University Hospital of Milan. Inclusion criteria were the presence of diagnosed (acute or chronic) CSC and being 18 years or older. Patients were evaluated with Spectralis spectral-domain optical coherence tomography enhanced depth imaging by 2 operators. The main features analyzed were intrachoroidal hyperreflective spots and hyperreflective choroidal vessel walls, as actual measurements of wall thickness could not be performed. Results Patients with chronic CSC had hyperreflective spots in 83.3% of the cases and hyperreflective choroidal vessel walls in 75%, whereas patients with acute course had the same alterations in 33% and 6.7% of cases, respectively. Conclusions These findings, if proven, may be indicative of chronic forms, thus guiding more accurate treatments and guiding clinicians through more accurate prognosis.
The antibacterial activity of ethanolic extract of some Plant containing polyphenols component against Streptococcus mutans isolated from teeth caries

Caries is still considered one of the main problems of public health and many researchers in the world have been searching for alternatives to prevent the occurrence of this process. Streptococcus mutans has been isolated and identified from dental caries. The colonies of bacteria were identified by simple biochemical tests. The inhibitory effect of alcoholic plant extracts (Coffee, Cacao, Green and Black tea) on S. mutans isolated were studied by using agar well diffusion method and turbidity analysis. Coffee and Green tea showed the maximum inhibition zone against S. mutans compare with Cacao and Black tea . the result showed the MBC of Coffee, Cacao, Green and Black tea against S. mutans was 200, 500, 300 and 400 mg/ml respectively and MIC was 600, 900, 700, 900 mg/ml respectively. Key Word : Minimum inhibitory concentration , Minimum bactericidal concentration, Coffee, Cacao, Green tea , Black tea.