Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
GENETIC DIVERSITY AMONG INDONESIAN RICE ( Oryza Sativa L.) GENOTYPES FOR DROUGHT TOLERANCE

The availability of broad genetic diversity, including drought tolerance, in rice is essential in crop genetic improvement programs. Thus, the evaluation of genetic diversity is a critical step in a breeding program. We report a genetic diversity analysis of Indonesian rice germplasm based on Simple Sequence Repeat (SSR) markers linked to drought tolerance traits in rice. Forty-five rice germplasm consisting of 41 genotypes and four check cultivars were used in this study. Nine markers consisting of eight SSR markers and one custom marker designed based on the deeper rooting gene were used to analyze rice germplasm. Results showed a low number of alleles and moderate genetic diversity. An unweighted pair group method with an arithmetic mean dendrogram generated by cluster analysis revealed four major clusters. A biplot generated via principal coordinate analysis divided rice germplasm into two major groups and confirmed the cluster analysis results. Rice genotypes in clusters I and II belonged to the first group. Similarly, the members of clusters III and IV belonged to the second group. The members of cluster I were predicted to be tolerant of drought stress because they belonged to the same cluster as the drought-tolerant check. This finding will be useful for the acceleration of rice breeding programs for drought stress tolerance.
Job Prospects for Welfare Recipients: Employers Speak Out

has centered on the supply side of the labor market—how to motivate welfare recipients to search for and take jobs— less attention has been paid to the demand side. Under what conditions will employers hire people on welfare? What are their requirements and expectations? What kinds of jobs are available to people leaving welfare, and what pay and benefits are offered? This brief presents the key results of a nationwide survey conducted by the Economic and Social Research Institute (ESRI) as part of the Assessing the New Federalismproject to determine employers’ attitudes about hiring welfare recipients. The survey was predicated on the idea that if states have a better understanding of employers’ attitudes and requirements, they will be better able to design successful approaches to moving people into jobs and helping them stay there. The survey included 500 businesses at the establishment level (e.g., individual stores, plants, or offices) in industries likely to have higher-than-average numbers of entry-level workers. 1 The ESRI sample consists mostly of small employers with fewer than 50 workers. In order to gain insight into any potential differences in attitudes among establishments of different sizes, however, we oversampled those with 100 or more employees. 2
Landau level evolution driven by band hybridization in mirror symmetry broken ABA-stacked trilayer graphene

Layer stacking and crystal lattice symmetry play important roles in the band structure and the Landau levels of multilayer graphene. ABA-stacked trilayer graphene possesses mirror-symmetry-protected monolayer-like and bilayer-like band structures. Broken mirror symmetry by a perpendicular electric field therefore induces hybridization between these bands and various quantum Hall phases emerge. We experimentally explore the evolution of Landau levels in ABA-stacked trilayer graphene under electric field. We observe a variety of valley and orbital dependent Landau level evolutions. These evolutions are qualitatively well explained by considering the hybridization between multiple Landau levels possessing close Landau level indices and the hybridization between every third Landau level orbitals due to the trigonal warping effect. These observations are consistent with numerical calculations. The combination of experimental and numerical analysis thus reveals the entire picture of Landau level evolutions decomposed into the monolayer- and bilayer-like band contributions in ABA-stacked trilayer graphene.
From limits of quantum nonlinear operations to multicopy entanglement witnesses and state spectrum estimation

Limits of nonlinear in quantum mechanics are studied. Impossibility of physical implementation of the transformation $\varrho^{\otimes n} \to \varrho^{n}$ in quantum mechanics is proved. For sake of further analysis the simplest notion of structural completely positive approximation (SCPA) and structural physical approximations (SPA) of unphysical map are introduced. Both always exist for linear hermitian maps and can be optimised under natural assumptions. However it is shown that some intuitively natural SPA of the nonlinear operation $\varrho^{\otimes 2} \to \varrho^{2}$ that was already proven to be unphysical is impossible. It is conjectured that there exist no SPA of the operation $\varrho^{\otimes n} \to \varrho^{n}$ at all. It is pointed out that, on the other hand, it is physically possible to measure the trace of the second power of the state $Tr(\varrho^{2})$ if only two copies of the system are available. This gives the interpretation of one of Tsallis entropy as mean value of some ``multicopy'' observable. The (partial) generalisation of this idea shows that each of higher order Tsallis entropies can be measured with help of only two multicopy observables. Following this observations the notion of multicopy entanglement witnesses is defined and first example is provided. Finally, with help of multicopy observables simple method of spectrum state estimation is pointed out and discussed.
The Liverpool Telescope Spectrograph: FRODOSpec

We describe in some detail one of the instruments that will be available in 2004 to the research community. FRODOSpec is an integral field unit spectrograph that will be available for use with the 2 m robotic Liverpool Telescope on the island of La Palma. We anticipate that this instrument will open up major areas of research that cannot be carried out with conventionally operated telescopes. Some of these research areas relate to indirect imaging of astronomical objects like Doppler tomography and eclipse mapping.
Quantum computing on long-lived donor states of Li in Si

We predict a gigantically long lifetime of the first excited state of an interstitial lithium donor in silicon. The nature of this effect roots in the anomalous level structure of the $1s$ Li manifold under external stress. Namely, the coupling between the lowest two states of the opposite parity is very weak and occurs via intervalley phonon transitions only. We propose to use these states under the controlled ac and dc stress to process quantum information. We find an unusual form of the elastic-dipole interaction between different donors. This interaction scales with the interdonor distance $R$ as ${R}^{\ensuremath{-}3}$ or ${R}^{\ensuremath{-}5}$ for the transitions between the states of the same or opposite parity, respectively. The long-range ${R}^{\ensuremath{-}3}$ interaction provides a high fidelity mechanism for two-qubit operations.
Distances of Dwarf Carbon Stars

Parallaxes are presented for a sample of 20 nearby dwarf carbon stars. The inferred luminosities cover almost two orders of magnitude. Their absolute magnitudes and tangential velocities confirm prior expectations that some originate in the Galactic disk, although more than half of this sample are halo stars. Three stars are found to be astrometric binaries, and orbital elements are determined; their semimajor axes are 1–3 au, consistent with the size of an AGB mass-transfer donor star.
Nonuniversal critical quantities from variational perturbation theory and their application to the Bose-Einstein condensation temperature shift

For an $\mathrm{O}(N)$-symmetric scalar field theory with Euclidean action $\ensuremath{\int}{d}^{3}\phantom{\rule{0.3em}{0ex}}x[\frac{1}{2}\ensuremath{\mid}\ensuremath{\nabla}\ensuremath{\phi}{\ensuremath{\mid}}^{2}+\frac{1}{2}r{\ensuremath{\phi}}^{2}+\frac{1}{4! }u{\ensuremath{\phi}}^{4}]$, where $\ensuremath{\phi}=({\ensuremath{\phi}}_{1},\dots{},{\ensuremath{\phi}}_{N})$ is a vector of $N$ real-field components, variational perturbation theory through seven loops is employed for $N=0,1,2,3,4$ to compute the renormalized value of $r∕(N+2){u}^{2}$ at the phase transition. Its exact large-$N$ limit is determined as well. We also extend an earlier computation of the interaction-induced shift $\ensuremath{\Delta}⟨{\ensuremath{\phi}}^{2}⟩∕Nu$ from $N=1,2,4$ to $N=0,3$. For $N=2$, the results for the two quantities are used to compute the second-order shift of the condensation temperature of a dilute Bose gas, both in the homogenous case and for the wide limit of a harmonic trap. Our results are in agreement with earlier Monte Carlo simulations for $N=1,2,4$. The Appendix contains previously unpublished numerical seven-loop data.
Modal expansions in dispersive material systems with application to quantum optics and topological photonics

It is proven that in the lossless case the electrodynamics of a generic inhomogeneous possibly bianisotropic and nonreciprocal system may be described by an augmented state-vector whose time evolution is determined by a Hermitian operator. As a consequence, it is shown that a generic electromagnetic field distribution can be expanded into a complete set of normal modes that satisfy generalized orthogonality relations. Importantly, the modal expansions in dispersive systems are not unique because the electromagnetic degrees of freedom do not span the entire Hilbert space. The developed theory is used to obtain a modal expansion of the system Green function. Furthermore, it is highlighted that the Hermitian-type formulation of the dispersive Maxwell's equations enables one to extend the powerful ideas of topological photonics to a wide range of electromagnetic systems and to characterize electromagnetic topological phases. In addition, we illustrate how the developed formalism can be applied to quantum optics. We present a simple procedure to quantize the electromagnetic field in a generic bianisotropic and nonreciprocal cavity and derive the quantum correlations of the electromagnetic fields.
Extending LSQR methods to solve the generalized Sylvester‐transpose and periodic Sylvester matrix equations

It is well known that the least‐squares QR‐factorization (LSQR) algorithm is a powerful method for solving linear systems Ax = b and unconstrained least‐squares problem minx | | Ax − b | | . In the paper, the LSQR approach is developed to obtain iterative algorithms for solving the generalized Sylvester‐transpose matrix equation ∑k=1p(AkXBk + CkXTDk) +∑j=1q(EjY Fj + GjYTHj) = M, the minimum Frobenius norm residual problem ||M −∑k=1p(AkXBk + CkXTDk) −∑j=1q(EjY Fj + GjYTHj)|| and the periodic Sylvester matrix equation ÃlX̃lB̃l + C̃lX̃l+1D̃l = Ẽlforl = 1,2,. ,λ. Numerical results are given to illustrate the effect of the proposed algorithms. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Learning to Identify the Navigable Path in Unstructured and Oﬀ-Road Scenes from a Single Dataset

One of the most important tasks in a visual perception sys-tem for automotive navigation and Navigable Path Detection (NPD) is the perception of the environment and detection of obstacles. This task is a challenge still to be overcome for navigation on heavily damaged and unpaved roads. To address this, we applied methods previously developed by us, in particular multi-resolution methods and successive training methods, and new, state-of-the-art, multi-resolution methods using only the TAS500 dataset in the context of the DAGM GCPR 2021 Outdoor Semantic Segmentation Challenge. As our multiresolution approach, we investigated a classical U-Net architecture using the one cycle training policy and an adaptation of a successive growing resolution training strategy. As a second solution, we employed the HRNet model, which has an architecture that naturally learns multiple resolutions during the training, in two versions: the original implementation and a reﬁned Semantic Segmentation version, called SemTorch , which also employs the one cycle training policy. The results show that SemTorch HRNets have the potential to be architectures-of-choice for embedded navigable path detection as they achieved 0.659 mIoU in the test set (third place in the challenge) and 15.74 FPS in a TensorRT engine on an NVIDIA JETSON TX2.
Characterization Experiments of Secondary Arcs on Solar Arrays: Secondary Arc Physical Parameters

Secondary arcs on solar arrays are a serious threat to the safety of spacecraft operation. Experiments to characterize secondary arcs are currently being conducted. In this study, the effect of external capacitance in the test circuit on the transition from a primary discharge to secondary is investigated. In addition, the effect of flashover current with a long duration of the order of 100 μs is also investigated. The time delay from the inception of the primary discharge to secondary arc formation and the resistance of secondary arc plasma are investigated by analyzing the experimental waveforms. The transition to secondary arc occurs within 10–20 μs from the inception of the primary discharge. The flashover duration does not affect secondary arc occurrence. To maintain a temporary sustained arc, a gap voltage of 30 V can be regarded as the physical threshold for multijunction solar cells. The occurrence of a permanent sustained arc depends on the string current rather than on the energy of the primar.
Interlayer Diffusion of Adatoms: A Scanning-Tunneling Microscopy Study

Low coverages of Co are deposited at room temperature on a Pt(111) surface with vacancy is providing a high density of steps. Scanning-tunneling microscopy images with chemical contrast s that Co atoms do not descend Pt steps by diffusing over the step, but descend from the upper terr the lower by an exchange diffusion process with the Pt atoms at the step edge. The Co atoms de a Pt step edge by this process neither at straight A nor atB steps, but rather at the corners or kinks o the vacancy islands. [S0031-9007(99)09409-0]
Weight-space probability densities and convergence times for stochastic learning

The authors extend the theory of search dynamics for stochastic learning algorithms, address the time evolution of the weight-space probability density and the distribution of convergence times, with particular attention given to escape from local optima, and develop a theoretical framework that describes the evolution of the weight-space probability density. The primary results are exact predictions of the statistical distribution of convergence times for simple backpropagation and competitive learning problems. <<ETX>>
Efficient post‐processing with the integral equation method

Purpose – To show for magnetostatic problems, how the numerically expensive post‐processing with the integral equation method (IEM) can be accelerated with the fast multipole method (FMM) and how this approach can be used to generate post‐processing data that allow for drawing streamlines.Design/methodology/approach – In general, post‐processing with the IEM requires computation of the induced field due to solution variables, the field of permanent magnets and of free currents. For each of the three parts an approach to apply the FMM. With these approaches, large numbers of evaluation points can be used which are needed when streamlines are to be drawn. It is shown that this requires specially tailored meshes.Findings – Post‐processing time can be largely reduced by applying the FMM. Additional memory requirements are acceptable even for high numbers of evaluation points. In order to obtain streamline breaks at material discontinuities, flat volume elements can be used.Research limitations/implications – .
Sparsity regularized image reconstruction

Most image reconstruction problems are under-determined: there are far more pixels to be resolved than there are measurements available. This means that the image space has more degrees of freedom than the measurement space. To make headway in such under-determined image reconstruction problems one must either incorporate domain knowledge or regularize. Domain knowledge restricts the size of the image space while regularization introduces bias, e.g., by forcing the reconstructed image to be smooth or have limited support. Both approaches are equivalent and can be interpreted as making the image sparse in some domain. This paper will provide a selective overview of some of the principal methods of sparsity regularized image reconstruction.
Numerical method for calculating the current distributions along antennas immersed in arbitrary homogeneous, isotropic media

A cylindrical, center-fed antenna is placed in a homogeneous, isotropic medium with arbitrary electrical constants. A numerical technique employing digital Fourier transforms is used to solve for the current distribution along the antenna. It is found that there is an infinite set of ‘eigen-distributions’ satisfying the differential-integral equation describing the antenna current. These eigen-distributions are not restricted to a finite interval; however, by superposing them in the appropriate way a limiting current distribution is formed, in which the important nonzero currents are confined to arms of the antenna. The current distributions found in this way for antennas in media with various values of α/β compare favorably with experimental and theoretical results presented in the literature.
Time evolution, cyclic solutions and geometric phases for general spin in an arbitrarily varying magnetic field

A neutral particle with general spin and magnetic moment moving in an arbitrarily varying magnetic field is studied. The time evolution operator for the Schrodinger equation can be obtained if one can find a unit vector that satisfies the equation obeyed by the mean of the spin operator. There exist at least 2s + 1 cyclic solutions in any time interval. Some particular time interval may exist in which all solutions are cyclic. The nonadiabatic geometric phase for cyclic solutions generally contains extra terms in addition to the familiar one that is proportional to the solid angle subtended by the closed trace of the spin vector.
Carrier diffusion in amorphous semiconductors

The increasing use of amorphous semiconducting films in various commercial applications has stimulated considerable interest in the electronic transport properties of such materials. In this review, the authors describe the above phenomenon of 'anomalous dispersion'. Having initially outlined the present view of band structure and carrier transport mechanisms in non-crystalline materials, they continue with a description of the experimental techniques used in the investigation of the drift velocity of excess charge carriers. Details are then provided of the various characteristics associated with both 'conventional' and 'anomalous' dispersion. Models, in which the anomalous behaviour has been associated with both hopping and trap-limited band transport, are reviewed and assessed. Although anomalous dispersion was initially investigated as a phenomenon of interest in its own right, attention has increasingly turned towards the possibility that a detailed examination of the transient behaviour may be of use in determining details of the energy distribution of localised states in disordered films. The authors outline the various techniques which have been suggested and examine their successes and limitations, concluding with an indication of likely future developments and directions of investigations.
The generation of an array of nondiffracting beams by a single composite computer generated hologram

Nondiffracting beams have generated great interest recently owing to their potential applications and unique properties. In this paper, we propose and validate a simple and effective method to generate arrays of various nondiffracting modes using a composite computer-generated hologram, which comprises N × N holograms each generating an individual nondiffracting beam. Employing the composite hologram approach, we can modulate individual nondiffracting beam in an array by varying the location, dimension, and phase information coded on each hologram. We experimentally generated regular arrays of Bessel beams, customized-shaped arrays of Bessel beams, and arrays of self-imaged optical bottle beams. The interference among the beams in the arrays was found to be weak within the nondiffracting distance.
Instability of dark energy with mass-varying neutrinos

An interesting dynamical model for dark energy which does not require extremely light scalar fields such as quintessence, and at the same time explains the (near) coincidence between the neutrino and dark energy densities is the model of dark energy coupled to mass-varying neutrinos (MaVaNs). Despite the attractions of this model, we show that, generically, this model contains a catastrophic instability which occurs when neutrinos become nonrelativistic. As a result of this instability, as neutrinos become nonrelativistic, they condense into neutrino nuggets which redshift away similar to cold dark matter, and thus cease to act as dark energy. Any stable MaVaNs dark energy model is extremely contrived and is virtually indistinguishable from a cosmological constant.
Survival Analysis: A Self-Learning Text

Introduction to Survival Analysis. - Kaplan-Meier Survival Curves and the Log-Rank Test. - The Cox Proportional Hazards Model and Its Characteristics. - Evaluating the Proportional Hazards Assumption. - The Stratified Cox Procedure. - Extension of the Cox Proportional Hazards Model for Time-Dependent Variables. - Parametric Survival Models. - Recurrent Events Survival Analysis. - Competing Risks Survival Analysis.
Measuring the Growth Rate of Structure with Type IA Supernovae from LSST

We investigate the peculiar motions of galaxies up to z = 0.5 using Type Ia supernovae (SNe Ia) from the Large Synoptic Survey Telescope (LSST) and predict the subsequent constraints on the growth rate of structure. We consider two cases. Our first is based on measurements of the volumetric SNe Ia rate and assumes we can obtain spectroscopic redshifts and light curves for varying fractions of objects that are detected pre-peak luminosity by LSST (some of which may be obtained by LSST itself, and others that would require additional follow-up observations). We find that these measurements could produce growth rate constraints at that significantly outperform those found using Redshift Space Distortions (RSD) with DESI or 4MOST, even though there are fewer objects. For our second case, we use semi-analytic simulations and a prescription for the SNe Ia rate as a function of stellar mass and star-formation rate to predict the number of LSST SNe IA whose host redshifts may already have been obtained with the Taipan+WALLABY surveys or with a future multi-object spectroscopic survey. We find ∼18,000 and ∼160,000 SNe Ia with host redshifts for these cases, respectively. While this is only a fraction of the total LSST-detected SNe Ia, they could be used to significantly augment and improve the growth rate constraints compared to only RSD. Ultimately, we find that combining LSST SNe Ia with large numbers of galaxy redshifts will provide the most powerful probe of large-scale gravity in the regime over the coming decades.
Effects of neutrino oscillation on supernova neutrino: inverted mass hierarchy

We study the eﬀects of neutrino oscillation on supernova neutrino in the case of the inverted mass hierarchy ( m 3 ≪ m 1 < m 2 ) as well as the normal mass hierarchy ( m 1 < m 2 ≪ m 3 ). Numerical analysis using a realistic supernova and presupernova model allows us to discuss quantitatively a possibility to probe neutrino oscillation parameters. We show that information about the mass hierarchy can be obtained if θ 13 is rather large (sin 2 2 θ 13 > 10 − 3 ) and that θ 13 can be well probed by SuperKamiokande if the neutrino mass hierarchy is the inverted case. Errors due to the uncertainty of the original neutrino spectra and the Earth eﬀect are also discussed.