Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
O-Acetylserine and O-acetylhomoserine sulfhydrylase of yeast. Further purification and characterization as a pyridoxal enzyme.

O-Acetylserine-O-acetylhomoserine sulfhydrylase [EC class 4.2. 99], catalyzing the sulfhydrylation of both O-acetyl-L-serine (OAS) and O-acetyl-L-homoserine (OAH) (O-acetyl-L-serine(O-acetyl-L-homoserine) + H2S leads to L-cysteine (L-homocysteine) + acetate), was extracted and purified from bakers' yeast by an improved method. The purified enzyme was shown to be homogeneous on polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis both in the absence and presence of sodium dodecylsulfate and by ultracentrifugal analysis. The apo-enzyme was protected by pyridoxal phosphate (PALP) from inactivation by heat, urea, and trypsin [EC 3.4.21.4], suggesting that the binding of PALP to the apo-enzyme rendered the conformation of the protein more stable. The holo-enzyme showed absorption peaks at 420 and 330 nm due to bound PALP, in addition to a peak at 280 nm. Upon reduction with borohydride, the 420-nm peak disappeared and an increase in the 330-nm peak occurred concomitant with loss of the catalytic activity. Lysine appeared to be the pyridoxal binding site, based on identification of pyridoxyl-lysine in the hydrolyzate of the holo-enzyme. It was shown by both spectral and chemical determinations that 4 moles of PALP could bind to 200,000 g of apo-protein. The apo-enzyme showed a lower association constant with PALP than some other enzymes. Pyridoxal inhibited the activity competitively with respect to PALP. Based on these findings, it appears that the reaction mechanism of this enzyme is similar to those of other pyridoxal enzymes.
Metabolic syndrome 1 Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus and the Metabolic Syndrome

The prevalence of type 2 diabetes mellitus and of the metabolic syndrome is rising worldwide and reaching epidemic proportions. These pathologies are associated with significant morbidity and mortality, in particular with an excess of cardiovascular deaths. Type 2 diabetes mellitus and the cluster of pathologies including insulin resistance, central obesity, high blood pressure, and hypertriglyceridemia that constitute the metabolic syndrome are associated with low levels of HDL cholesterol and the presence of dysfunctional HDLs. We here review the epidemiological evidence and the potential underlying mechanisms of this association. We first discuss the well-established association of type 2 diabetes mellitus and insulin resistance with alterations of lipid metabolism and how these alterations may lead to low levels of HDL cholesterol and the occurrence of dysfunctional HDLs. We then present and discuss the evidence showing that HDL modulates insulin sensitivity, insulin-independent glucose uptake, insulin secretion, and beta cell survival. A dysfunction in these actions could play a direct role in the pathogenesis of type 2 diabetes mellitus. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-09665-0_12 Posted at the Zurich Open Repository and Archive, University of Zurich ZORA URL: https://doi.org/10.5167/uzh-120755 Published Version Originally published at: Vollenweider, Peter; von Eckardstein, Arnold; Widmann, Christian (2015). HDLs, diabetes, and metabolic syndrome. In: von Eckardstein, Arnold; Kardassis, Dimistris. High Density Lipoproteins : From Biological Understanding to Clinical Exploitation. Berlin Heidelberg New York: Springer, 405-421. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-09665-0_12 HDLs, Diabetes, and Metabolic Syndrome Peter Vollenweider, Arnold von Eckardstein, and Christian Widmann
Application of a single‐colony coculture technique to the isolation of hitherto unculturable gut bacteria

Molecular studies have led to postulation of a relationship between gut microbiota and certain diseases. However, because studies of hitherto uncultured species in vivo are essential for characterizing the biology and pathogenic properties of gut bacteria, techniques for culturing and isolating such bacteria must be developed. Here, a technique is described that partially overcomes the obstacles that prevent detection of interbacterial communication in vitro and are thus responsible for the failure to culture certain bacterial species. For this purpose, a ring with a membrane filter at the bottom was designed and a relatively simple nutrient medium was used instead of conventional media. Gut bacteria were cocultivated in soft agar separated by the membrane filter to simulate interbacterial communication in vitro. Use of this soft agar coculture technique led to the successful isolation of hitherto uncultured bacteria and the demonstration of multistage interbacterial communication among gut bacteria in vitro. Cultivation and isolation of single colonies of bacteria that require other bacteria for growth will enhance efforts to better understand the physiological and pathogenic roles of gut microbiota.
On the Effect of Neuron Activation Gain on Robustness of Complete Stability

The paper addresses robustness of complete stability with respect to perturbations of the interconnections of nominal symmetric neural networks. The inuence of the maximum neuron activation gain on complete stability robustness is discussed for a class of third-order neural networks. It is shown that high values of the gain lead to an extremely small complete stability margin of all nominal symmetric neural networks, thus allowing to conclude that complete stability robustness cannot be, in general, guaranteed.
An Overview of Efficient Computation of PageRank

With the rapid growth of the Web, users get easily lost in the rich hyper structure. Providing relevant information to the users to cater to their needs is the primary goal of website owners. Therefore, finding the content of the Web and retrieving the users’ interests and needs from their behavior have become increasingly important. Web mining is used to categorize users and pages by analyzing the users’ behavior, the content of the pages, and the order of the URLs that tend to be accessed in order. Web structure mining plays an important role in this approach. Two page ranking algorithms, HITS and PageRank, are commonly used in web structure mining. Both algorithms treat all links equally when distributing rank scores. Several algorithms have been developed to improve the performance of these methods. This paper discusses efficient techniques for computing PageRank. How to rank Web resources is critical to Web Resource Discovery (Search Engine). This paper points out the weakness of current approaches, we discuss several methods for analyzing the convergence of PageRank based on the induced ordering of the pages KeywordsHITS, Web search, web graph, link analysis, PageRank, search in context, personalized search, ranking algorithm, Weighted PageRank, Adaptive PageRank.
A fully-digital, 0.3V, 270 nW capacitive sensor interface without external references

This paper presents a fully-digital capacitive sensor interface. By directly transforming the sensor value instead of using an intermediate step in the voltage domain, the architecture can cope with very low signal swings. An implementation for barometric pressure sensing with a supply voltage of 0.3 V demonstrates the benefits. With a power consumption of only 270 nW and an acquisition time of 1 ms, an ENOB of 6.1 is obtained, resulting in a FOM of 2.1 pJ/conv for the entire interface. This is at least an order of magnitude better than current state-of-the-art implementations.
Infection of Goose with Genotype VIId Newcastle Disease Virus of Goose Origin Elicits Strong Immune Responses at Early Stage

Newcastle disease (ND), caused by virulent strains of Newcastle disease virus (NDV), is a highly contagious disease of birds that is responsible for heavy economic losses for the poultry industry worldwide. However, little is known about host-virus interactions in waterfowl, goose. In this study, we aim to characterize the host immune response in goose, based on the previous reports on the host response to NDV in chickens. Here, we evaluated viral replication and mRNA expression of 27 immune-related genes in 10 tissues of geese challenged with a genotype VIId NDV strain of goose origin (go/CH/LHLJ/1/06). The virus showed early replication, especially in digestive and immune tissues. The expression profiles showed up-regulation of Toll-like receptor (TLR)1–3, 5, 7, and 15, avian β-defensin (AvBD) 5–7, 10, 12, and 16, cytokines [interleukin (IL)-8, IL-18, IL-1β, and interferon-γ], inducible NO synthase (iNOS), and MHC class I in some tissues of geese in response to NDV. In contrast, NDV infection suppressed expression of AvBD1 in cecal tonsil of geese. Moreover, we observed a highly positive correlation between viral replication and host mRNA expressions of TLR1-5 and 7, AvBD4-6, 10, and 12, all the cytokines measured, MHC class I, FAS ligand, and iNOS, mainly at 72 h post-infection. Taken together, these results demonstrated that NDV infection induces strong innate immune responses and intense inflammatory responses at early stage in goose which may associate with the viral pathogenesis.
Joint data aggregation and encryption using Slepian-Wolf coding for clustered wireless sensor networks

This paper proposes a joint data aggregation and encryption scheme using Slepian-Wolf coding for efficient and secured data transmission in clustered wireless sensor networks (WSNs). We first consider the optimal intra-cluster rate allocation problem in using Slepian-Wolf coding for data aggregation, which aims at finding a rate allocation subject to Slepian-Wolf theorem such that the total energy consumed by all sensor nodes in a cluster for sending encoded data is minimized. Based on the properties of Slepian-Wolf coding with optimal intra-cluster rate allocation, a novel encryption mechanism, called spatially selective encryption, is then proposed for data encryption within a single cluster. This encryption mechanism only requires a cluster head to encrypt its data while allowing all its cluster members to send their data without performing any encryption. In this way, the data from all cluster members can be protected as long as the data of the cluster head (called virtual key) is protected. This can significantly reduce the energy consumption for performing data encryption. Furthermore, an energy-efficient key establishment protocol is also proposed to securely and efficiently establish the key used for encrypting the data of a cluster head. Simulation results show that the joint data aggregation and encryption scheme can significantly improve energy efficiency in data transmission while providing a high level of data security. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The Mode of Replication Is a Major Factor in Segregational Plasmid Instability in Lactococcus lactis

The effects of the rolling-circle and theta modes of replication on the maintenance of recombinant plasmids in Lactococcus lactis were studied. Heterologous Escherichia coli or bacteriophage λ DNA fragments of various sizes were inserted into vectors based on either the rolling-circle-type plasmid pWV01 or the theta-type plasmid pAMβ1. All pAMβ1 derivatives were stably maintained. pWV01 derivatives, however, showed size-dependent segregational instability, in particular when large DNA fragments were inserted. All recombinant pWV01 derivatives generated high-molecular-weight plasmid multimers (HMW) in amounts that were positively correlated with plasmid size and inversely correlated with the copy numbers of the monomeric plasmid forms. Formation of HMW or reductions in copy numbers were not observed with pAMβ1 derivatives. The results indicate that HMW formation and/or reduction in plasmid copy numbers is an important factor in the maintenance of pWV01 derivatives. It is concluded that theta-type plasmids are superior to rolling-circle-type plasmids for cloning in lactococci.
Beyond Multiple Intelligences: Implications for Multicultural Teachers.

Since intelligence is a highly respected universal value, education must build on sociocultural and educational expectations of diverse learners. Multicultural education is useful in tapping diverse learners' multiple intelligences. The concept of multiple intelligences is linked to multicultural education, with the interface between the two resulting in multiple opportunities for learning in diverse settings. Several assumptions underlie interest in the study of intelligence, including: all learners are intelligent in their own way and innately intelligent given their biological endowment, all avenues of intelligence relate to and enhance one another, and intelligence drives instruction and vice versa. In multicultural contexts, multiple learning opportunities can occur through full engagement of all learners. Intelligence-driven pedagogy appeals to diverse learners in cognitive and affective ways. Proposed guidelines for underlying the structure of intelligence-based curriculum and instruction emphasize tapping, transferring, activating, assessing, and manifesting intelligence. As teachers implement intelligence-based practices, they should remember that: pedagogical practices must relate to and enhance all learners' intelligence within and outside of school; the construct of intelligence must be conceptualized within the global context of multicultural competence; and cultural, linguistic, and social variables exert a huge influence on intelligent learning and skill development. (Contains 11 references.) (SM) Reproductions supplied by EDRS are the best that can be made from the original document. Beyond Multiple Intelligences: Implications for Multicultural Teachers Mahmoud F. Suleiman, Ph.D. Teacher Education Department California State University, Bakersfield Bakersfield, CA 93311 Tel. (661) 664-3032 Fax (661) 664-2199 E-mail: msuleiman@csub.edu PERMISSION TO REPRODUCEAND DISSEMINATE THIS MATERIALHAS BEEN GRANTED BY
Rationality and Group Decision-Making in Practical Healthcare

I hereby declare that I am the sole author of this thesis. This is a true copy of the thesis, including any required final revisions, as accepted by my examiners. I understand that this thesis may be made electronically available to the public. Abstract In this paper, a view of non-compliance in practical healthcare is provided that identifies certain non-compliant behaviours as rational. This view of rational non-compliance is used to update a current form of doctor patient relationships with the aim of reducing non-compliance. In addition to reforming one standard doctor patient relationship model, the normative implications of understanding non-compliance as a rational form of human behaviour are described. iv Acknowledgements
Implementation of a Microwave-assisted Tissue-processing System and an Automated Embedding System for Breast Needle Core Biopsy Samples: Morphology, Immunohistochemistry, and FISH Evaluation

A platform composed of a microwave (MW)-assisted tissue-processing system and an automated embedding system has been recently introduced in pathology laboratories. Needle core biopsy (NCB) is an established, highly accurate method for diagnosing breast lesions and for providing important pathologic, predictive, and prognostic information such as biomarker expression in case of breast carcinoma. The aim of this study was to evaluate whether breast NCBs processed with the MW-assisted tissue-processing system and automatically embedded show good-quality histology preparations and whether they are suitable for the assessment of estrogen receptor (ER), progesterone receptor (PR), Ki-67, and HER2 in breast carcinoma. A series of 233 consecutive breast NCBs processed by both conventional and MW-assisted tissue-processing systems was included in this study. The histomorphologic and immunohistochemical quality, as well as the results of the evaluation of the biomarkers, were compared—the conventional processing method being the gold standard for comparison. The quality of hematoxylin-eosin and immunohistochemical tissue sections provided by the new system is comparable to that obtained after the conventional processing method. Moreover, in breast carcinomas, a perfect agreement between the paired tissues when evaluating ER and PR status (Cohen &kgr;=1) and a very good agreement when evaluating Ki-67 (&kgr;=0.91) and HER2 (&kgr;=0.93) have been found. In conclusion, applying strict criteria in tissue-handling steps, breast NCB can be processed and automatically embedded with these platforms. The diagnosability and the evaluation of the main prognostic and predictive biomarkers have been proved to be reliable.
Synergistic relationship between auxin and cytokinin in the ovary and the participation of the transcription factor SPATULA

ABSTRACT The phytohormones auxin and cytokinin are key regulators of plant development, and both regulate almost all aspects of plant growth and development. Communication between auxin-cytokinin signaling pathways has been the subject of intense research. However, few studies have focused specifically on the development of the early gynoecium. We have recently discovered that cytokinin signaling plays a role in the regulation of auxin biosynthesis and transport in the ovary region of the gynoecium, and that the transcription factor SPATULA (SPT) is necessary. Here, we provide evidence that indicates that cytokinin and auxin have a synergistic relationship at the medial domain during gynoecium development, and that SPT is important for this interaction.
Is vitamin D deficiency a feature of pediatric celiac disease?

Abstract Background: Celiac disease (CD) is an autoimmune enteropathy characterized by villus atrophy and malabsorption of essential nutrients. Vitamin D deficiency has been described in autoimmune diseases, but its status in prepubertal children with CD has not been adequately studied. Objective: To determine the vitamin D status of prepubertal children with CD. Study design: A retrospective study of prepubertal children aged 3–12 years with CD (n=24) who were compared to prepubertal, non-CD children of the same age (n=50). Children were included in the study if they had a diagnosis of CD by intestinal biopsy, and were not on a gluten-free diet (GFD). Patients were excluded if they had diseases of calcium or vitamin D metabolism, or were receiving calcium or vitamin D supplementation or had other autoimmune diseases. All subjects had their serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D] level measured. Results: There was no difference in 25(OH)D level between the CD and non-CD children (27.58±9.91 vs. 26.20±10.45, p=0.59). However, when the patients were subdivided into obese and non-obese groups, the non-obese CD patients had a significantly higher 25(OH)D level than the obese normal children (28.39±10.26 vs. 21.58±5.67, p=0.009). In contrast, there was no difference in 25(OH)D level between non-obese CD patients and non-obese normal children (28.39±10.26 vs. 30.64±12.08, p=0.52). The season of 25(OH)D measurement was not a significant confounder (p=0.7). Conclusions: Our data showed no difference in 25(OH)D levels between normal children and those with CD when adjusted for body mass index.
A study in stability of the regional land-use landscape pattern

Regional Land use changes display not only in land quantity and quality but also in land use pattern. As an important characteristic of land use, the stability is also a major characteristic of land use dynamic and ecological process in land use pattern, For the coordinate of regional land use patterns and environmental condition, we should pay attention to land use changes, at the same time, pay more attention to land use landscape stability. This paper selects landscape pattern acreage, landscape number, patch number rate, patch density, patch average, average patch area, patch change coefficient, patch shape index, diversity index, landscape dominance index, landscape evenness, fractal dimension etc to analysis landscape pattern from landscape pattern structure, landscape pattern patch characteristics and landscape pattern heterogeneity. Based on that to determine the weights of principal components by principal component analysis method, establish synthetic evaluation system in land use stability. Results show that, (1) as the main component to regulation land use landscape pattern, the major part of landscape pattern in Changde city is cultivated land and woodland, it makes up the regional advantages landscape for study. In the whole of landscape pattern, the cultivated land is in a dominant position, has a great significance on landscape overall spatial pattern. (2) The difference of stability in Changde city land use landscape is obvious. (3) Because of the complexity of the land use problem and limitation in understanding land use stability, the stable inner drive mechanism, process and effect of land use landscape are awaiting further study.
Teaching signal detection theory with pseudoscience

Citation: Anderson ND (2015) Teaching signal detection theory with pseudoscience. The Utility of Signal Detection Theory Signal detection theory (SDT) is a technique that can be used to evaluate sensitivity in decision-making. Initially developed by radar researchers in the early 1950s (Peterson et al., 1954), the value of SDT was quickly recognized by cognitive scientists and adapted for application in human decision-making (Tanner and Swets, 1954; Green and Swets, 1966). The general premise of SDT is that decisions are made against a background of uncertainty, and the goal of the decision-maker is to tease out the decision signal from background noise. SDT can be applied to any binary decision-making situation where the response of the decision maker can be compared to the actual presence or absence of the target. The advantage of SDT as a measure of decision-making is that it provides a unitless measure of sensitivity, regardless of subject bias, that can be compared to other sensitivities over widely different situations. SDT has been applied within a broad range of topics, including memory research (e.g., Banks, 1970), accuracy in radiology diagnostics (e.g., Obuchowski, 2003), and sustained attention in individuals with ADHD (e.g., Huang-Pollock et al., 2012). Further testament to the utility of SDT comes from the fact that SDT is often discussed in introductory courses and textbooks (e.g., Wade et al., 2013; Lilienfeld et al., 2015). However even with the ubiquity of SDT as an evaluative tool, the mechanics of SDT are not typically discussed in undergraduate textbooks, suggesting that many students are not taught how to practically apply SDT in their university careers. One reason for this is that the procedure itself may appear deceptively complex. Most SDT sources discuss the theory with a rigor that is beyond the mathematical knowledge of most undergraduate students (Fisher, 2014). However, the application of basic SDT principles requires only rudimentary statistical knowledge and can easily be taught at an undergraduate level. Another reason that SDT may not typically be covered in the undergraduate curriculum is a lack of compelling examples to demonstrate the utility of SDT. Oftentimes, examples are related to sensory performance and the practical application of SDT techniques to more high-level decision-making situations is not immediately apparent to students. For example, Goldstein (2014) and Wolfe et al. (2015), two common introductory textbooks for Sensation and Perception, discuss the theory of SDT in relation to hearing sensitivity in the context …
Prosodic Characteristics of Emotional Speech: Measurements of Fundamental Frequency Movements

Recent data on prosodic features of emotional speech in German are reported. Ten sentences, spoken by actors in a happy, fearful, sad, bored, angry and a neutral way served as the basis of the analyses. The features under investigation are 1. different range parameters (differences between sentence accent peak, word accent peaks, minima between accent peaks and sentence final lowest F0), 2. the declination within phrases and 3. the duration and steepness of rising and falling F0 movements within accents. Significant differences between emotions were found for most of the measurements.