Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
When and How to Disambiguate? Countability in Machine Translation

Potentially all Japanese nouns are under-specified with respect to number and countability. To ask a user to interactively disambiguate each one is not feasible, and it can be impossible for a native speaker to do. Therefore it is important to disambiguate automatically. In addition, even if the system makes a mistake about number, it is rarely fatal. There are some ambiguities involved with the use of classifiers that are more likely to be serious and require world knowledge such as 500-gm-no ringo which could mean either a 500gm apple or 500gm of apple(s). It may be appropriate to ask for user input to disambiguate such examples, although it may be preferable to query a knowledge base first.
WikiMirs 3.0: A Hybrid MIR System Based on the Context, Structure and Importance of Formulae in a Document

Nowadays, mathematical information is increasingly available in websites and repositories, such like ArXiv, Wikipedia and growing numbers of digital libraries. Mathematical formulae are highly structured and usually presented in layout presentations, such as PDF, LATEX and Presentation MathML. The differences of presentation between text and formulae challenge traditional text-based index and retrieval methods. To address the challenge, this paper proposes an upgraded Mathematical Information Retrieval (MIR) system, namely WikiMirs 3.0, based on the context, structure and importance of formulae in a document. In WikiMirs 3.0, users can easily "cut" formulae and contexts from PDF documents as well as type in queries. Furthermore, a novel hybrid indexing and matching model is proposed to support both exact and fuzzy matching. In the hybrid model, both context and structure information of formulae are taken into consideration. In addition, the concept of formula importance within a document is introduced into the model for more reasonable ranking. Experimental results, compared with two classical MIR systems, demonstrate that the proposed system along with the novel model provides higher accuracy and better ranking results over Wikipedia.
Performance Improvement on the Robustness of TCP/Active Queue Management with ECN

—Active Queue Management (AQM) can potentially reduce packet loss rate in the Internet. This is used by routers for control congestion, where packets are dropped before queues become full. It has been shown that the transmission control protocol (TCP) connections through the congested routers can be modeled as a feedback dynamic system. In this paper, a new framework of AQM, namely Variable Structure (VS) based control scheme to handle delays in active queue management algorithm supporting explicit congestion notification (ECN), is proposed. The objective of the new algorithm is to improve performance of congested routers by keeping link utilization high, stable queue size and packet drop rate low. By examining the robustness and system response for the nonlinear TCP/AQM model, we present that the proposed scheme has good performance and robustness with respect to the uncertainties of the round-trip time (RTT) and the number of active TCP connections. The planned AQM is implemented with help of ns2 simulator. The simulation shows that the proposed design outperforms the peer AQM schemes in terms of packet loss, link utilization and buffer fluctuation.
Acted emotional expressions of game-playing children: investigating the influence of emotion intensity on recognition rates

While the intensity of emotions is likely of great importance to automatic emotion recognition systems, it is not an ordinary feature in emotion databases. This paper presents a database of children acting out six basic emotions, in which the intensity of said emotions was manipulated. A judgment task showed emotions were better recognized than chance could predict, while differences in intensity were perceived in two manipulated conditions. In addition, we establish a correlation between intensity and recognition rates for this database. Finally, possibilities for future research are discussed.
Toward RoboCup without Color Labeling

Object recognition and localization methods in RoboCup work on color-segmented camera images. Unfortunately, color labeling can be applied to object-recognition tasks only in very restricted environments, where different kinds of objects have different colors. To overcome these limitations, we propose an algorithm, called the CONTRACTING CURVE DENSITY (CCD) algorithm, for fitting parametric curves to image data. The method neither assumes object-specific color distributions or specific edge profiles, nor does it need threshold parameters. Hence, no training phase is needed. To separate adjacent regions, we use local criteria that are based on local image statistics. We apply the method to the problem of localizing the ball and show that the CCD algorithm reliably localizes the ball even in the presence of heavily changing illumination, strong clutter, specularity, partial occlusion, and texture.
The Tie-2 ligand Angiopoietin-2 destabilizes quiescent endothelium through an internal autocrine loop mechanism

The angiopoietins Ang-1 and Ang-2 have been identified as ligands of the endothelial receptor tyrosine kinase Tie-2, which controls vascular assembly and endothelial quiescence. The largely complementary phenotypes of Ang-1-deficient mice and Ang-2-overexpressing mice have led to an antagonistic model in which Ang-1 acts as Tie-2-activating agonist and Ang-2 acts as a Tie-2-inhibiting antagonist. To date, no mechanistic equivalent of the antagonistic Ang-1/Ang-2 model has been established and the mechanisms of Ang-2 function in particular remain mysterious. We have studied the effector functions of Ang-1 and Ang-2 on quiescent endothelial cells using a three-dimensional co-culture model of endothelial cells and smooth-muscle cells. Endothelial-cell monolayer integrity in this model is dependent on Tie-2 signaling, as evidenced by detaching endothelial cells following exposure to the small molecular weight Tie-2 inhibitor A-422885.66, which cannot be overcome by exogenous Ang-1. Accordingly, exogenous Ang-2 rapidly destabilizes the endothelial layer, which can be observed within 30-60 minutes and leads to prominent endothelial-cell detachment within 4 hours. Exogenous Ang-2-mediated endothelial-cell detachment can be rescued by Ang-1, soluble Tie-2 and vascular endothelial growth factor. Similar findings were obtained in an umbilical-vein explant model. Ang-2 is mainly produced by endothelial cells and therefore acts primarily in an autocrine manner. Thus, stimulated release of endogenous Ang-2 or overexpression of Ang-2 in endothelial cells perturbs co-culture spheroid integrity, which can be rescued by exogenous Ang-1 and vascular endothelial growth factor. However, autocrine Ang-2-mediated endothelial-cell detachment cannot be blocked by soluble Tie-2. Taken together, the data demonstrate for the first time the antagonistic Ang-1/Ang-2 concept in a defined cellular model and identify Ang-2 as a rapidly acting autocrine regulator of the endothelium that acts through an internal autocrine loop mechanism.
Enhancing Technique for Intrusion Detection Using Neural Network and SVM Classifier

Information assurance and security has been a major issue of serious global concern in the wake of rapid expansion of computer systems. Intrusion Detection Systems (IDS) form a key part of system defence, where it identifies abnormal activities happening in a computer system. Different soft-computing based methods have been proposed in recent years for the development of intrusion detection systems. The proposed technique is a four step methodology of which, first step is to perform the Fuzzy C-means clustering. Then, neural network is trained, such that each of the data point is trained with the corresponding neural network associated with the cluster. Subsequently, a vector for SVM classification is formed and in the fourth step, final classification using SVM is performed to detect intrusion has happened or not. Data set used is the KDD cup 99 dataset and we have used sensitivity, specificity and accuracy as the evaluation metrics parameters. In the testing and training phase, about 27000 data points were considered each having 34 attributes. The technique yielded very good results and was compared with the other existing techniques and the comparison proved the validity of our proposed technique. It achieved about 96% accuracy in case of DOS attack and reached peaks of 99% accuracy in case of PROBE, RLA and URA attacks.
Equivalence Relation Based SWoT Ontology Summarization System Implementation

It can be foreseen that the volume of ontology's Abox in Semantic Web of Things is always too large to understand or reason about ontology by machines and users. To solve this problem, a SWoT ontology summarization method based on equivalence relation is proposed, and a system based on this method is designed and implemented. Some experimental result analyses show that this method not only can reserve the original semantics, but also can reduce the redundant assertions, the volume and storage pressure of ontology's Abox, hence it can be more convenient for ontology understanding, reusing and other ontology-related operations.
Improving the visualization of hierarchies with treemaps: design issues and experimentation

Controlled experiments with novice treemap users and real data highlight the strengths of treemaps and provide direction for improvement. Issues discussed include experimental results, layout algorithms, nesting offsets, labeling, animation, and small multiple displays. Treemaps prove to be a potent tool for hierarchy display. The principles discussed are applicable to many information visualization situations. <<ETX>>
VizNet — Dynamic visualization of networks and internet of things

Both the increasing complexity of networked devices and the sheer number of IoT devices raise the problem of proactively knowing when something goes wrong in their normal functioning. How do we know when there is a failure or a malfunction in the network? How do we know if the network is overloaded and how can we evaluate the infrastructure's performance? How do we pinpoint the cause of the problems? How do we organize and present this information to the user in a simple and intuitive way? We introduce here our prototype 3D visualization system for real-time monitoring of both the status of networked devices (wired, wireless, IoT devices) and the network's dynamics (“pulse”) (e.g. configuration, load, traffic, abnormal events, suspicious connections, failed IoT devices, etc.). The user can visualize the current status of the networks of interest, in a very simple and intuitive way, from anywhere on the Internet (even from a mobile device). He can also receive alerts whenever something significant happens in the network by means of short text or instant messages.
Building ontological meaning in a lexico-conceptual knowledge base

Framed within the world of Artificial Intelligence, and more precisely within the project FunGramKB, i.e. a user-friendly environment for the semiautomatic construction of a multipurpose lexico-conceptual knowledge base for Natural Language Processing systems, the aim of this paper is two-fold. Firstly, we shall provide a necessarily non-exhaustive theoretical discussion of FunGramKB in which we will introduce the main elements that make up its Ontology (i.e. Thematic Frames, Meaning Postulates, different types of concepts, etc.). Secondly, we will describe the meticulous process carried out by knowledge engineers when populating this conceptually-driven Ontology. In doing so, we shall examine various examples belonging to the domain of ‘change’ or #TRANSFORMATION (in the COREL notation), in an attempt to show how conceptual knowledge can be modeled in for Artificial Intelligence purposes.
Embolisation of Internal Carotid Artery Aneurysm Using the Double Microcatheter Technique – A Case Report

Summary Background A wide-necked aneurysm is defined as the one with a neck greater than 4 mm in diameter. Embolisation of wide-necked aneurysms is a great challenge for neuroradiologists. To overcome possible complications of endovascular treatment of this type of aneurysms, methods like intracranial stents, balloon remodelling, the double microcatheter and the microcatheter protective technique have been developed. Case Report We report a case of embolisation of a 63-year-old woman with a wide-necked aneurysm using the double microcatheter technique. Introduction of the second microcatheter into the aneurysm allowed for crossing two coils and prevented protrusion into the parent vessel, which resulted in successful treatment without postprocedural complications. Both postembolic and follow-up angiography showed complete exclusion of the aneurysm. Conclusions The double microcatheter technique, owing to creation of a stable coil frame across the neck of the aneurysm, is suitable for treatment of aneurysms with an adverse dome-to-neck ratio. This technique is easy to perform for an experienced neuroradiologist.
Investigating Landscape Topology for Subpopulation Differentiation in Genetic Chromodynamics

Evolutionary algorithms for multimodal optimization are usually radius dependent in subpopulation formation and dynamics. The appropriate setting of a value to cover such a fluctuant threshold (as a result of variously shaped attraction basins) strongly relies upon the knowledge on the problem at hand or the extensive skill in manual parameter tuning. If several thresholds model the disposal of species with the many attraction basins, radii setting significantly increases in complexity. Genetic chromodynamics is one such recent, competent technique, whose performance is practically affected by the existence of such key parameters. It is hence the purpose of present paper to present an enhanced alternative to radii maintenance within this method, by embedding a mechanism to examine the fitness landscape and detect the attractors, around which these species revolve.
Interactive rehabilitation robot for hand function training

Restoring hand functions may greatly improve the post-stroke life quality. In this work, we developed a new interactive rehabilitation robot for hand function training after stroke. The robotic system can provide three modes of training: 1) continuous passive motion; 2) electromyography (EMG)-triggered motion; and 3) continuous EMG-driven motion to simulate the hand opening, grip and pinch tasks. The system also can quantitatively record finger force, finger positions, and EMG during training tasks.
Università di Milano – Bicocca Quaderni di Matematica Preconditioned HSS Method for Finite Element Approximations of Convection-Diffusion Equations

A two-step preconditioned iterative method based on the Hermitian/Skew-Hermitian splitting is applied to the solution of nonsymmetric linear systems arising from the Finite Element approximation of convection-diffusion equations. The theoretical spectral analysis focuses on the case of matrix sequences related to FE approximations on uniform structured meshes, by referring to spectral tools derived from Toeplitz theory. In such a setting, if the problem is coercive, and the diffusive and convective coefficients are regular enough, then the proposed preconditioned matrix sequence shows a strong clustering at unity, i.e., a superlinear preconditioning sequence is obtained. Under the same assumptions, the optimality of the PHSS method is proved and some numerical experiments confirm the theoretical results. Tests on unstructured meshes are also presented, showing the some convergence behavior.
Truck Hacking: An Experimental Analysis of the SAE J1939 Standard

Consumer vehicles have been proven to be insecure; the addition of electronics to monitor and control vehicle functions have added complexity resulting in safety critical vulnerabilities. Heavy commercial vehicles have also begun adding electronic control systems similar to consumer vehicles. We show how the openness of the SAE J1939 standard used across all US heavy vehicle industries gives easy access for safety-critical attacks and that these attacks aren't limited to one specific make, model, or industry. We test our attacks on a 2006 Class-8 semi tractor and 2001 school bus. With these two vehicles, we demonstrate how simple it is to replicate the kinds of attacks used on consumer vehicles and that it is possible to use the same attack on other vehicles that use the SAE J1939 standard. We show safety critical attacks that include the ability to accelerate a truck in motion, disable the driver's ability to accelerate, and disable the vehicle's engine brake. We conclude with a discussion for possibilities of additional attacks and potential remote attack vectors.
Accounting history research and its diffusion in an international context

This paper examines patterns of dissemination in accounting history research. Empirical evidence supporting this investigation was gathered from: (i) all accounting history articles published in three specialised accounting history journals and in 10 generalist journals in accounting between 1990 and 1999; (ii) all papers given at the World Congress of Accounting Historians held in Kyoto (1992) and in Kingston (1996); (iii) the Societat Italiana di Storia della Ragioneria and papers given at its biannual meetings during the 1990s, and (iv) a number of other secondary sources. Patterns of dissemination in accounting history research result in a neglect of the majority of accounting history researchers who are affiliated with non-Anglo-Saxon institutions, conduct their research in non-Anglo-Saxon settings, and focus on observation periods other than 1850-1945. It is argued that accounting history research would benefit from other scholars, settings, and periods of study being reflected in what are usually referred to as "international" journals. The paper poses some suggestions that could enhance the international character of accounting history research.
Complexity regularized pattern matching

We propose a technique that finds optimized descriptors for pattern matching applications. We formulate the pattern matching problem as the search of a pattern library for vectors defined in a query manifold. Our approach trades off the computational complexity involved in the search with matching accuracy by representing the query manifold with its complexity-dependent approximations. This is done in an optimal way so that a user with a given complexity budget accomplishes the optimal matching performance for that budget. Our work can be seen as defining a covering around the query manifold with the aid of the derived descriptors. The higher the allowed computational complexity, the tighter the covering, and the more accurate the match. Our formulation results in sparse descriptors which naturally emerge as the optimal solutions. The proposed descriptors are adaptively optimized for the particular search problem so that application-specific simplifications are taken full advantage of. Thanks to our algebraic approach, the presented formulation is general and can readily be applied to many different types of signals in addition to images and video.
A NOTE ON OPTIMAL STRATEGIC PRICING OF TECHNOLOGICAL INNOVATIONS

The experience curve phenomenon of falling marginal costs associated with accumulated output or production experience has given rise to dynamic pricing models. Optimal pricing policies will depend upon the nature of the dynamic demand and cost functions. In this note we shall show that the demand function employed by Bass (1980) when taken in conjunction with the experience curve cost function leads to a multiperiod pricing strategy which is always less than the myopically optimal price. Further, we present a dynamic programming algorithm for the multiperiod strategy in which we have explored the effects on discounted profits of myopic pricing versus multiperiod pricing. The results of this comparison may, to some, be somewhat surprising and may have managerial significance. (Pricing-Technological Innovations; Diffusion, Experience Curve)
Occurrence of an invasive coral in the southwest Atlantic and comparison with a congener suggest potential niche expansion

Tubastraea tagusensis, a coral native to the Galapagos Archipelago, has successfully established and invaded the Brazilian coast where it modifies native tropical rocky shore and coral reef communities. In order to understand the processes underlying the establishment of T. tagusensis, we tested whether Maxent, a tool for species distribution modeling, based on the native range of T. tagusensis correctly forecasted the invasion range of this species in Brazil. The Maxent algorithm was unable to predict the Brazilian coast as a suitable environment for the establishment of T. tagusensis. A comparison between these models and a principal component analysis (PCA) allowed us to examine the environmental dissimilarity between the two occupied regions (native and invaded) and to assess the species' occupied niche breadth. According to the PCA results, lower levels of chlorophyll-a and nitrate on the Atlantic coast segregate the Brazilian and Galapagos environments, implying that T. tagusensis may have expanded its realized niche during the invasion process. We tested the possible realized niche expansion in T. tagusensis by assuming that Tubastraea spp. have similar fundamental niches, which was supported by exploring the environmental space of T. coccinea, a tropical-cosmopolitan congener of T. tagusensis. We believe that the usage of Maxent should be treated with caution, especially when applied to biological invasion (or climate change) scenarios where the target species has a highly localized native (original) distribution, which may represent only a small portion of its fundamental niche, and therefore a violation of a SDM assumption.
Circulating sCD138 and Some Angiogenesis-Involved Cytokines Help to Anticipate the Disease Progression of Early-Stage B-Cell Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia

Syndecan-1 (CD138) is a transmembrane heparin sulfate proteoglycan expressed on distinct stages of differentiation of B-lymphoid cells. Its prognostic value in B-cell chronic lymphocytic leukemia (B-CLL) has not been evaluated so far. The serum concentration of sCD138 and some angiogenesis-involved cytokines: vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), basis fibroblast growth factor (bFGF), and endostatin were studied in 52 previously untreated patients with B-CLL. We found that bFGF and sCD138 levels were significantly higher in B-CLL patients than in controls. In patients with sCD138 level or endostatin level below the median value the lymphocyte count was higher than in patients with serum level of those cytokines above the median value. In patients with progressive disease bFGF level was significantly higher and sCD138 level significantly lower than in patients with stable one. Moreover, high sCD138 level was associated with longer lymphocyte doubling-free survival, and, on the limit of statistical significance, a high endostatin level was associated with shorter progression-free survival. We conclude that serum sCD138 level is increased in early stage B-CLL patients and may have a positive prognostic value as to the dynamics of the disease.
Spinors, superalgebras and the signature of space-time

Superconformal algebras embedding space-time in any dimension and signature are considered. Dierent real forms of the R-symmetries arise both for usual space-time signature (one time) and for Euclidean or exotic signatures (more than one times). Application of these superalgebras are found in the context of supergravities with 32 supersymmetries, in any dimension D 11. These theories are related to D =1 1;M;M and M 0 theories or D = 10, IIB, IIB theories when compactied on Lorentzian tori. All dimensionally reduced theories fall in three distinct phases specied by the number of (128 bosonic) positive and negative norm states: (n + ;n )= (128; 0); (64; 64); (72; 56).