Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Assessment of Bovine Tuberculosis and Its Risk Factors in Cattle and Humans, at and around Dilla Town, Southern Ethiopia

A cross-sectional study was carried out from February, 2012 to June, 2013 using comparative intradermal tuberculin (CIDT) test on 440 individual live cattle kept in 118 housholds/farms to determine the prevalence of, and to identify the risk factors associated with, bovine tuberculosis (BTB) infection in cattle and to assess the public awareness on its zoonotic importance through structured questionnaires at and around Dilla town, southern Ethiopia. The herd and individual cattle prevalence of bovine tuberculin positivity were 15.3% (95%, Confidence interval (CI): 8.7 to 21.8) and 4.3% (95%, CI: 2.4 to 6.2), respectively at cut-off greater than 4 mm. The herd prevalence of BTB varied significantly among herd size (P=0.019) and management conditions (P=0.031). Herds which had 5-9 and more than 9 cattle were six (Odds ratio (OR) = 6.4) and twelve (OR=12.0) times more reactive to bovine tuberculin testing than herds that had less than or equals to four cattle in their farms. Among the animal related risk factors only breed (P=0.020) had a significant association with the prevalence of bovine tuberculin positivity with the highest odds ratio in Holstein breeds (OR= 6.1) as compared to Zebu and cross (Holstein X Zebu) breeds. Less than one third (29.7%; 35 of 118) of the respondents recognized BTB, and only 22.9% (27/118) of the respondents had understanding of its zoonotic implication. Awareness rising of cattle owners about BTB and its transmission, and the zoonotic implication of BTB is of extreme importance for effective implementation of TB control measures.
Experiments on human-robot communication with Robota, an imitative learning and communicating doll robot

Note: Also published electronically in full, as part of the Centre for Policy Modelling technical report series: No. CPM-98-38. Reference LSA3-CONF-1998-001 URL: http://www.isab. org/confs/sab98.php Record created on 2005-11-16, modified on 2017-05-10
Tumors of the parotid gland: MR imaging characteristics of various histologic types.

OBJECTIVE The purpose of this investigation was to study the MR imaging characteristics of various histologic types of parotid gland tumors in order to determine if MR findings can be used to categorize these tumors. MATERIAL AND METHODS We retrospectively studied the MR images and pathologic findings in 20 patients with a variety of tumors of the parotid gland. Fat-suppressed T1-weighted images, T2-weighted images, and contrast-enhanced fat-suppressed T1-weighted images were acquired with a 1.5-T MR imager and an anterior neck coil. RESULTS Carcinomas (n = 5) were characterized by infiltration into the muscles along the surface of the mandible and by contrast enhancement. Warthin's tumors (n = 4) showed areas of different signal intensity on T2-weighted images and did not enhance after injection of contrast material. Pleomorphic adenomas (n = 11) showed enhancement after injection of contrast material but did not infiltrate the muscles. CONCLUSION Our findings suggest that MR characteristics are helpful in categorizing parotid gland tumors according to histologic type.
Control Strategy for Multiphase Drives With Minimum Losses in the Full Torque Operation Range Under Single Open-Phase Fault

Fault tolerance is an advantageous characteristic of multiphase machines when compared with three-phase ones. During open-phase fault, the current references need to be adapted to provide ripple-free torque. As a consequence of this modification, the postfault phase currents might be larger than the rated current. Such a situation leads to overheating, and to preserve the integrity of the system, some limits are set to the postfault phase currents. Two main strategies have been proposed for the postfault situation: maximum torque (MT) and minimum losses (ML). The MT strategy allows us to obtain the widest torque operation range (TOR) in the postfault situation but does not minimize the stator winding losses; conversely, the ML strategy provides the minimum stator winding losses for each torque value, at the expense of reducing the TOR. Thus, the solutions proposed so far do not achieve minimum stator winding losses in the entire (that of the MT strategy) TOR. This paper presents the full-range minimum losses (FRML) postfault control strategy, which minimizes the losses in the whole TOR, for multiphase machines with sinusoidally distributed windings under single open-phase fault. The FRML strategy is evaluated for different types of machines, phase numbers, and winding arrangements. Experimental results are provided.
Genome-Wide Landscapes of Human Local Adaptation in Asia

Genetic studies of human local adaptation have been facilitated greatly by recent advances in high-throughput genotyping and sequencing technologies. However, few studies have investigated local adaptation in Asian populations on a genome-wide scale and with a high geographic resolution. In this study, taking advantage of the dense population coverage in Southeast Asia, which is the part of the world least studied in term of natural selection, we depicted genome-wide landscapes of local adaptations in 63 Asian populations representing the majority of linguistic and ethnic groups in Asia. Using genome-wide data analysis, we discovered many genes showing signs of local adaptation or natural selection. Notable examples, such as FOXQ1, MAST2, and CDH4, were found to play a role in hair follicle development and human cancer, signal transduction, and tumor repression, respectively. These showed strong indications of natural selection in Philippine Negritos, a group of aboriginal hunter-gatherers living in the Philippines. MTTP, which has associations with metabolic syndrome, body mass index, and insulin regulation, showed a strong signature of selection in Southeast Asians, including Indonesians. Functional annotation analysis revealed that genes and genetic variants underlying natural selections were generally enriched in the functional category of alternative splicing. Specifically, many genes showing significant difference with respect to allele frequency between northern and southern Asian populations were found to be associated with human height and growth and various immune pathways. In summary, this study contributes to the overall understanding of human local adaptation in Asia and has identified both known and novel signatures of natural selection in the human genome.
Altered glutamine metabolism in platinum resistant ovarian cancer

Ovarian cancer is characterized by an increase in cellular energy metabolism, which is predominantly satisfied by glucose and glutamine. Targeting metabolic pathways is an attractive approach to enhance the therapeutic effectiveness and to potentially overcome drug resistance in ovarian cancer. In platinum-sensitive ovarian cancer cell lines the metabolism of both, glucose and glutamine was initially up-regulated in response to platinum treatment. In contrast, platinum-resistant cells revealed a significant dependency on the presence of glutamine, with an upregulated expression of glutamine transporter ASCT2 and glutaminase. This resulted in a higher oxygen consumption rate compared to platinum-sensitive cell lines reflecting the increased dependency of glutamine utilization through the tricarboxylic acid cycle. The important role of glutamine metabolism was confirmed by stable overexpression of glutaminase, which conferred platinum resistance. Conversely, shRNA knockdown of glutaminase in platinum resistant cells resulted in re-sensitization to platinum treatment. Importantly, combining the glutaminase inhibitor BPTES with platinum synergistically inhibited platinum sensitive and resistant ovarian cancers in vitro. Apoptotic induction was significantly increased using platinum together with BPTES compared to either treatment alone. Our findings suggest that targeting glutamine metabolism together with platinum based chemotherapy offers a potential treatment strategy particularly in drug resistant ovarian cancer.
Events Can Make Sense

Tame is a new event-based system for managing concurrency in network applications. Code written with Tame abstractions does not suffer from the "stack-ripping" problem associated with other event libraries. Like threaded code, tamed code uses standard control flow, automatically-managed local variables, and modular interfaces between callers and callees. Tame's implementation consists of C++ libraries and a source-to-source translator; no platform-specific support or compiler modifications are required, and Tame induces little runtime overhead. Experience with Tame in real-world systems, including a popular commercial Web site, suggests it is easy to adopt and deploy.
The impact of surgery for trochanteric femur fracture on sexuality in men and their female partners

Purpose: This study was aimed to investigate the effects of trochanteric femur fracture treatment methods on erectile functions of the patients and on sexual functions with their female partners. Materials and Methods: A total of 43 patients with trochanteric femur fracture who underwent proximal femoral nail (PFN) or proximal femur locking compression plate (PF-LCP) surgery were included in the study. The PFN implant was applied to group 1 (n = 23) and the PF-LCP implant to group 2 (n = 20). All the patients and their female partners completed the 5-item version of the International Index of Erectile Function (IIEF-5) and the Female Sexual Function Index (FSFI) preoperatively and at 1 year postoperatively after the rehabilitation period. Results: The mean preoperative IIEF-5 and FSFI score was 21.910. 9 and 21.911. 1, 72.319. 7 and 70.516. 2 for the PFN and PF-LCP treatment groups, respectively, and at postoperative 1 year after rehabilitation, change in IIEF-5 score and FSFI score of each group was −6.512. 1 versus −3.811. 6, (p < 0.001) and −16110.7 versus −6.314, (p = 0.001), respectively. Conclusion: These data show that trochanteric femur fractures treated with PFN or PF-LCP had a negative impact on sexual function. PF-LCP had a greater negative effect than PFN on sexual function.
Education, immigration and income as risk factors for hemoglobin A1c >70 mmol/mol when diagnosed with type 2 diabetes or latent autoimmune diabetes in adult: a population-based cohort study

Objectives The aim of this research is to study education, income and immigration as risk factors for high hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c >70 mmol/mol (8.6%)) when diagnosed with type 2 diabetes (T2D) or latent autoimmune diabetes in the adult (LADA). Research design and methods Patients were included from the All New Diabetics in Scania study (2008-2013). Level of education, disposable income and immigration year were retrieved from the longitudinal integrated database for labour market research (LISA) register compiled by Statistics Sweden. Logistic regression models were used to estimate ORs for HbA1c >70 mmol/mol (8.6%) at diagnosis. Results A total of 3794 patients with incident T2D (n=3 525) or LADA (n=269) were included. Patients with T2D with a low (≤9 years) or medium (10-12 years) levels of education were more likely to have high HbA1c at diagnosis compared with patients with T2D with a high (>12 years) level of education (OR 1.34, 95% CI 1.08 to1.66, OR 1.26, 95% CI 1.03 to 1.54). Low-income patients with T2D (<60% of median) were more likely to have high HbA1c at diagnosis compared with high-income patients withT2D (>150% of median) (OR 1.35, 95% CI 1.02 to 1.79). Conclusions Patients with lower levels of education or low income and are more likely to have HbA1c is >70 mmol/mol (8.6%) when diagnosed with T2D. An understanding of how socioeconomic position influences the clinical presentation at diagnosis may facilitate screening programs designed to target populations at risk for delayed diagnosis.
Evaluation of the Benefit of the User Seal Check on N95 Filtering Facepiece Respirator Fit

The objective of this study was to better understand the benefit of the user seal check step for respirator test subjects in the N95 filtering facepiece respirator donning process. To qualify for the study, subjects were required to pass a standard quantitative fit test on at least one of the three N95 filtering facepiece respirator models: 3M 1860 (cup), 3M 1870 (flat-fold), and Kimberly Clark PFR95-270 (duckbill). Eleven subjects were enrolled and performed a series of abbreviated, quantitative fit tests where they were randomly asked either to perform or not perform a user seal check with 20 different respirator samples of each model. The experimental design included 3 respirator models × 10 subjects × 2 treatment levels with 10 replications. Geometric mean (GM) fit factors and percentages of times a fit factor ≥ 100 was achieved for a donning were compared for each subject with and without the user seal check across all models and for each model. Higher GM fit factors and smaller geometric standard deviations across all models were achieved for 10 of the 11 subjects when performing a user seal check compared with not performing a user seal check. Geometric mean fit factors of 148, 184, and 156, compared with 126, 187, and 115, respectively, were obtained for the 3M 1860, 3M 1870, and Kimberly Clark PFR95-270 models when the user seal check was performed vs. not performed. Differences in the GM fit factors for the 3M 1860 and Kimberly Clark PFR95-270 models were statistically significant (p < 0.05) when performing a user seal check vs. not performing a user seal check. These data suggest that there may be some benefit to performing the user seal check for at least some models during the filtering facepiece respirator donning process for workers who have previously passed a fit test for those respirator models. Additional research is needed with larger groups of subjects and respirator models/types.
Olanzapine suppresses the rewarding and discriminative stimulus effects induced by morphine

Atypical antipsychotic medications are effective for treating both the positive and negative symptoms of schizophrenia. Olanzapine is an atypical antipsychotic that blocks dopaminergic, serotonergic, adrenergic, histaminergic, and muscarinic receptors. In this study, we used rodents to investigate whether olanzapine could suppress the hyperlocomotion, rewarding effect, and discriminative stimulus effect induced by the prototypic μ‐opioid morphine, which are all considered to reflect the abuse potential or psychoactive effects of μ‐opioids. Olanzapine at doses that failed to induce motor coordination produced a dose‐dependent reduction in hyperlocomotion induced by morphine in mice. Olanzapine at a dose that did not produce motor dysfunction also inhibited the significant place preference induced by morphine in mice. Furthermore, the discriminative stimulus effect induced by morphine in rats was dose‐dependently and significantly attenuated by olanzapine at the dose that did not induce the motor dysfunction. These results suggest that treatment with both μ‐opioids and olanzapine at a dose lower than that at which it induces motor dysfunction could be very useful for preventing the abuse potential and/or psychoactive effects of μ‐opioids. Synapse, 2012. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Se p 20 08 Maximum memory capacity on neural networks with short-term depression and facilitation

In this work we study, analytically and employing Monte Carlo simulations, the influence of the competition between several activity-dependent synaptic processes, such as short-term synaptic facilitation and depression, on the maximum memory storage capacity in a neural network. In contrast with the case of synaptic depression, which drastically reduces the capacity of the network to store and retrieve “static” activity patterns, synaptic facilitation enhances the storage capacity in different contexts. In particular, we found optimal values of the relevant synaptic parameters (such as the neurotransmitter release probability or the characteristic facilitation time constant) for which the storage capacity can be maximal and similar to the one obtained with static synapses, that is, without activity-dependent processes. We conclude that depressing synapses with a certain level of facilitation allow to recover the good retrieval properties of networks with static synapses while maintaining the nonlinear characteristics of dynamic synapses, convenient for information processing and coding. To appear in Neural Computation, 2009
Automatic generation of requirement scenarios

Participatory Design (PD) methodology has been used to develop user acceptable systems by accommodating various needs of users at the early stage of system development. However, PD is considered difficult to use because of the lack of tools and techniques. This research developed a theoretical framework for automatic generation of requirement scenarios, each of which describes a possible user requirement for the system. Automatically generated requirement scenarios trigger users to identity missing or unnecessary user requirements and allow users to address what should be and what should not be developed.
A Study of Retinal Venous Blood Oxygen Saturation in Human Subjects by Photographic Means

OUR UNDERSTANDING of events in the normal and diseased optic fundus would be aided if it were possible to measure the retinal oxygen tension. The retina has a high rate of oxygen consumption. Its vessels normally change caliber in response to a change in arterial blood oxygen tension, dilating wrhen the tension falls and constricting when it rises. " 2 This suggests that shifts in retinal oxygen tension are opposed by appropriate changes in blood flow. In patients with hypertension or diabetes the retinal vessels are generally less responsive to change in arterial blood oxygen.3-5 Some of the retinal changes that occur in these and other disorders, such as hemorrhages, cotton-wool exudates, and neo-vascularization, appear to be caused by retinal hypoxia or ischemia. To facilitate the study of such phenomena we have d'evised a photographic method for estimating in man the per cent oxygen saturation of retinal venous blood, as an index of the over-all retinal oxygen tension. It is the purpose of this report to describe the method and its validation, and to present information obtained from its use in normal subjects. Certain of the early results obtained with early versions of the method have been summarized briefly elsewhere.6 Method
Overview of Intracoronary Brachytherapy for in-Stent Restenosis of a Drug-Eluting Stent

Percutaneous coronary intervention with stenting is considered recently as the most common procedure for the treatment of symptomatic coronary. The article reviewed 41 studies published during 1997-2019 on intracoronary brachytherapy for in-stent restenosis of a drug-eluting stent. Intracoronary radiation therapy was finally confirmed in the setting of in-stent restenosis using as adjunctive therapy. Irradiation dose to vessels may result in fibrosis, which can, in turn, cause the late formation of an aneurysm due to the weakness of the vessel wall. Intracoronary brachytherapy is a critical treatment which should not be ignored.
Hybrid baculovirus—adeno-associated virus vectors for prolonged transgene expression in human neural cells

To prolong the transient gene expression mediated by baculoviral vector, the inverted terminal repeats and Rep gene of adeno-associated virus were incorporated into the genome of baculovirus, creating a hybrid baculovirus—adeno-associated viral (AAV) vector. By using previously constructed composite neuron-specific and astrocyte-specific promoters in this hybrid viral vector, sustained transgene expressions could be achieved in human neuronal and glial cell lines, but not in the correspondent rodent cell lines. This hybrid baculovirus-AAV vector might be useful for gene therapy of chronic neurological diseases in the central nervous system, such as Parkinson’s disease and Alzheimer’s disease.
Optimal Preview Control of a Dual-Stage Actuator System for Triangular Reference Tracking

This brief proposes an optimal preview control law for a dual-stage actuator (DSA) system to track triangular reference, which is essential in many raster scan motion control applications. The main difficulty of tracking triangular reference is to follow the waveform fast and accurately when its slope switches. For this goal, we first discuss a time-optimal controller (TOC) for the primary stage, which is a double integrator system. The TOC is then proved to achieve the minimum overshoot. This result is a new contribution to DSA control applications because it leads to a reference profile of minimum amplitude for the secondary stage to follow and thus significantly prevents the saturation of the secondary actuator. Subsequently, we propose an optimal preview control with the use of the information of the future reference to further reduce the settling time and overshoot. Finally, the secondary actuator controller is also given. Experimental results are shown to verify the effectiveness of the proposed control design.
Noncommuting mixed states cannot be broadcast.

We show that, given a general mixed state for a quantum system, there are no physical means for {ital broadcasting} that state onto two separate quantum systems, even when the state need only be reproduced marginally on the separate systems. This result extends the standard no-cloning theorem for pure states. {copyright} {ital 1996 The American Physical Society. }
Structural and Regulatory Characterization of the Placental Epigenome at Its Maternal Interface

Epigenetics can be loosely defined as the study of cellular “traits” that influence biological phenotype in a fashion that is not dependent on the underlying primary DNA sequence. One setting in which epigenetics is likely to have a profound influence on biological phenotype is during intrauterine development. In this context there is a defined and critical window during which balanced homeostasis is essential for normal fetal growth and development. We have carried out a detailed structural and functional analysis of the placental epigenome at its maternal interface. Specifically, we performed genome wide analysis of DNA methylation in samples of chorionic villus (CVS) and maternal blood cells (MBC) using both commercially available and custom designed microarrays. We then compared these data with genome wide transcription data for the same tissues. In addition to the discovery that CVS genomes are significantly more hypomethylated than their MBC counterparts, we identified numerous tissue-specific differentially methylated regions (T-DMRs). We further discovered that these T-DMRs are clustered spatially along the genome and are enriched for genes with tissue-specific biological functions. We identified unique patterns of DNA methylation associated with distinct genomic structures such as gene bodies, promoters and CpG islands and identified both direct and inverse relationships between DNA methylation levels and gene expression levels in gene bodies and promoters respectively. Furthermore, we found that these relationships were significantly associated with CpG content. We conclude that the early gestational placental DNA methylome is highly organized and is significantly and globally associated with transcription. These data provide a unique insight into the structural and regulatory characteristics of the placental epigenome at its maternal interface and will drive future analyses of the role of placental dysfunction in gestational disease.
Multi-category classifier and sample width Article (Accepted version)

In a recent paper, the authors introduced the notion of sample width for binary classiﬁers deﬁned on the set of real numbers. It was shown that the performance of such classiﬁers could be quantiﬁed in terms of this sample width. This paper considers how to adapt the idea of sample width so that it can be applied in cases where the classiﬁers are multi-category and are deﬁned on some arbitrary metric space.