Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Wage-setting and employment behavior of enterprises during the period of economic transition

Based on the dynamic labor demand model, we investigate wage-setting and employment behavior of enterprises during the period of transition. Using panel data on large-sized and medium-sized enterprises in the Novosibirsk region (1993–1998), we make an effort to identify the type of enterprises' behavior and to determine specific factors that affect it. We found that the type of behavior exhibited by these enterprises corresponds to the "right to manage" model's prediction, i.e., the contract curve coincides with the labor demand curve. We also found that wage-setting and employment behavior of enterprises was influenced by the dominant group of owners during the first period of transition (1994–1996). According to our analysis, workers appropriate some of the enterprise-specific rents in their wages, and the amount of this rent decreases if managers are the dominant group of owners.
IEEE 802.11 Based MAC Improvements for MANET

Multihop ad-hoc wireless networks offer great challenges for protocol designers. Stations in such networks are constrained by factors like low power, limited bandwidth, link errors, and collisions. Changes are needed at various levels of the protocol stack, most importantly at the medium access layer (MAC). The medium access mechanism in multihop wireless networks should minimize collisions, and take care of the hidden and exposed node problems. The IEEE 802.11 MAC with Distributed Coordination Function (DCF) does not scale well in such networks.
Ameliorant Application on Variation of Carbon Stock and Ash Content on Peatland South Kalimantan

Carbon stock on peatlands are large and will be easily emitted if the land is opened or drained, therefore the measurements of carbon stocks and ash content are important to know the amount of emissions and agricultural sustainability in peatlands. This study aimed to determine carbon stock and ash content on peatlands in the Indonesia Climate Change Trust Fund (ICCTF) located in South Kalimantan on the geographic position S. 03°25’52" and E. 114°47’6.5". The experiment consisted of six treatments of ameliorant materials namely; mineral soil, peat fertilizer A, peat fertilizer T, manure, ash, and control. The results showed that the variation of peat soil properties was very high at this location. Peat thickness ranged from 36-338 cm, and this led to high variations in carbon stocks ranged between 161.8 – 1142.2 Mg ha-1. Besides ash contents of the soil were also highly varied ranged from 3.4 – 28.5%. This natural variation greatly affected the ICCTF study design. Mineral soil treatment had a mean carbon stock (961.3 ± 61.5 Mg ha-1) which was higher and different from other treatments. High ash content was obtained in the ash treatment (18.6 ± 2.5%) and manure (15.7 ± 3.6%). It is recommended that the analysis of plant responses and greenhouse gas emissions using a single regression analysis and multiple regression with ash content as one of the independent variables are needed. J Trop Soils, Vol. 18, No. 1, 2013: 11-16 ISSN 0852-257X INTRODUCTION Available online at: http://journal.unila. ac.id/index.php/tropicalsoil DOI: 10.5400/jts.2012. 18.1. 11
Economic Optimal Design of Vertical Breakwaters

In the design of coastal structures, the choice of the safety level for which the structure has to be designed is a major problem. This is also the case for vertical breakwaters. This paper applies the concept of economic optimisation to derive the appropriate safety level and at the same time the optimal geometry. Application to a design case shows that it can be economically optimal not to distribute the acceptable failure probability equally over all failure modes, but rather let one or two failure modes determine the total probability of failure. Introduction In Europe the interest in and the importance of vertical breakwaters is growing. A central point is the optimal geometry, e.g a ratio of the width and height of a vertical breakwater in the sense that the total lifetime costs are minimised. For a given safety level it is possible to choose the width and height of the breakwater in such a way that the construction costs are minimised. In practice however one has to determine the optimal level of safety. In general there are two boundary conditions for the acceptable safety level: • The individual acceptable risk. The probability accepted by an individual to die in case of collapse of a structure; • The societal acceptable risk. The probability of occurrence of a certain number of casualties in case of collapse of a structure. In addition to these limits, it is possible in some cases to derive the optimal probability of failure based on an economic analysis. In the case of a breakwater without amenities the probability of loss of life due to failure is very small, but the economic losses can be severe. Therefore an economical point of view for optimising the structures design is suitable and sufficient. In this paper the concept of economic optimisation is applied to a fictitious design case of a vertical (caisson) breakwater. The relation between a full probabilistic optimisation procedure and the simpler approach of minimising the construction costs for a given safety level is shown. It is also shown that the system probability of failure of an optimal designed breakwater is largely determined by only Associate Professor 3 Professor Delft University of Technology, Hydraulic and Offshore Engineering Section Stevinweg 1, NL-2628 CN Delft, The Netherlands Homepage: http://hydr.ct. tudelft.nl/wbk/
Changes in microRNA (miRNA) expression during pancreatic cancer development and progression in a genetically engineered KrasG12D;Pdx1-Cre mouse (KC) model

Differential expression of microRNAs (miRNAs) has been demonstrated in various cancers, including pancreatic cancer (PC). Due to the lack of tissue samples from early-stages of PC, the stage-specific alteration of miRNAs during PC initiation and progression is largely unknown. In this study, we investigated the global miRNA expression profile and their processing machinery during PC progression using the KrasG12D;Pdx1-Cre (KC) mouse model. At 25 weeks, the miRNA microarray analysis revealed significant downregulation of miR-150, miR-494, miR-138, miR-148a, miR-216a, and miR-217 and upregulation of miR-146b, miR-205, miR-31, miR-192, and miR-21 in KC mice compared to controls. Further, expression of miRNA biosynthetic machinery including Dicer, Exportin-5, TRKRA, and TARBP2 were downregulated, while DGCR8 and Ago2 were upregulated in KC mice. In addition, from 10 to 50 weeks of age, stage-specific expression profiling of miRNA in KC mice revealed downregulation of miR-216, miR-217, miR-100, miR-345, miR-141, miR-483-3p, miR-26b, miR-150, miR-195, Let-7b and Let-96 and upregulation of miR-21, miR-205, miR-146b, miR-34c, miR-1273, miR-223 and miR-195 compared to control mice. Interestingly, the differential expression of miRNA in mice also corroborated with the miRNA expression in human PC cell lines and tissue samples; ectopic expression of Let-7b in CD18/HPAF and Capan1 cells resulted in downregulation of KRAS and MSST1 expression. Overall, the present study aids an understanding of miRNA expression patterns during PC pathogenesis and helps to facilitate the identification of promising and novel early diagnostic/prognostic markers and therapeutic targets.
Cyclone: java-based querying and computing with Pathway/Genome databases

UNLABELLED Cyclone aims at facilitating the use of BioCyc, a collection of Pathway/Genome Databases (PGDBs). Cyclone provides a fully extensible Java Object API to analyze and visualize these data. Cyclone can read and write PGDBs, and can write its own data in the CycloneML format. This format is automatically generated from the BioCyc ontology by Cyclone itself, ensuring continued compatibility. Cyclone objects can also be stored in a relational database CycloneDB. Queries can be written in SQL, and in an intuitive and concise object-oriented query language, Hibernate Query Language (HQL). In addition, Cyclone interfaces easily with Java software including the Eclipse IDE for HQL edition, the Jung API for graph algorithms or Cytoscape for graph visualization. AVAILABILITY Cyclone is freely available under an open source license at: http://sourceforge.net/projects/nemo-cyclone. SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION For download and installation instructions, tutorials, use cases and examples, see http://nemo-cyclone.sourceforge.net.
MOTIVATING FOREIGN MOTIVATING FOREIGN TOURISTS TO VISIT THE RURAL SITE IN JORDAN, VILLAGE OF PETRA

In Jordan, Rural Tourism, (soft or green), has recently attracted lots of international tourists, and become a rapid growing activity in some world regions, hence, experienced important governmental programs and revitalizing strategies, such as market segmentation analysis, to elevate the government economic and social impacts. Consequently, the study aims to determine the main motivations (factors) that attract foreign tourists to visit Petra, the Jordanian rural site. An objective achieved by applying a self-structured data collection questionnaire on Petra tourists in 2008 to end up concluding that well-facilitated rural environment is the main motivational factor for Petra visiting.
HUMPBACK WHALE (Megaptera novaeangliae): Western North Pacific Stock 2015

The humpback whale is distributed worldwide in all ocean basins. In winter, most humpback whales occur in the subtropical and tropical waters of the Northern and Southern Hemispheres. Humpback whales in the high latitudes of the North Pacific are seasonal migrants that feed on euphausiids and small schooling fishes (Nemoto 1957, 1959; Clapham and Mead 1999). The humpback whale population was considerably reduced as a result of intensive commercial exploitation during the 20th century. A large-scale study of humpback whales throughout the North Pacific was conducted in 2004-2006 (the Structure of Populations, Levels of Abundance, and Status of Humpbacks (SPLASH) project). Initial results from this project (Calambokidis et al. 2008, Barlow et al. 2011), including abundance estimates and movement Figure 1. Approximate distribution of humpback whales in the information, have been reported in Baker et western North Pacific (dark shaded areas). Feeding and al. (2008, 2013) and are also summarized in wintering grounds are presented above (see text). Area within Fleming and Jackson (2011); however, these the hash lines is a probable distribution area based on sightings results are still being considered for stock in the Beaufort Sea (Hashagen et al. 2009). See Figure 1 in the structure analysis. Central North Pacific humpback whale Stock Assessment The historical summer feeding range Report for humpback whale distribution in the eastern North of humpback whales in the North Pacific Pacific. encompassed coastal and inland waters Revised 12/30/2015
A lifespan view of anxiety disorders

Neurodevelopmental changes over the lifespan, from childhood through adulthood into old age, have important implications for the onset, presentation, course, and treatment of anxiety disorders. This article presents data on anxiety disorders as they appear in older adults, as compared with earlier in life. In this article, we focus on aging-related changes in the epidemiology, presentation, and treatment of anxiety disorders. Also, this article describes some of the gaps and limitations in our understanding and suggests research directions that may elucidate the mechanisms of anxiety disorder development later in life. Finally we describe optimal management of anxiety disorders across the lifespan, in “eight simple steps” for practitioners.
Contact person

Financial markets have been subjected to numerous regulations during the last two decades. MiFID2/MiFIR and MAD2/MAR are two extensive regulations that will apply on European level during 2016 2018. Both these regulations stress areas that are of relevance to trade surveillance. Trade surveillance systems are IT systems applied to the market for financial instruments to identify market abuse or other harmful patterns in participants’ trading activity. The purpose of this report is to map the market of trade surveillance technology in Stockholm, Sweden, and examine the impact on these actors in conjunction with the regulations. Since MiFID2/MiFIR and MAD2/MAR are extensive regulations, these were condensed to key points that were considered as relevant for surveillance. This research is a qualitative study and data was gathered by interviews with market actors. A pre-study and a literature study were made. These were used as basis to construct an analytical framework for market dynamics, which was used as a descriptive concept to design interview questions, structure data and analyze results. The framework was named Market Dynamics Framework and considered the macroenvironmental factors: Technology, Actors’ preferences, Market structure and Regulations. The market was segmented in order to more accurately examine regulatory impact. Market actors were divided into four groups. The results were analyzed according to the framework and for each of the segmented market actor groups. Preference of surveillance solution was shown to be one distinct difference between every segment. A purchased surveillance system from a vendor was most common, and actors of smaller scale preferred to outsource. The market is concluded to be prepared in terms of having systems and arrangement for monitoring trades in place. Expected impact is mostly related to new market structures and more detailed data of larger amounts. Increased capacity need for surveillance departments is expected in combination with a need for more advanced technologies; e.g. automatic screening of social media, efficient minimization of false positives, functionality coverage for a broader range of financial instruments. This research introduces two concepts as descriptive frames, Market Dynamics Framework and a segmentation. These are proposed as methods when conducting a market analysis. A validation study for these methods is suggested as a possible topic for future studies. Key-words: Financial market, trade surveillance, MiFID2, MiFIR, MAD2, MAR, market dynamics, segmentation
The business intelligence value chain: data-driven decision support in a data warehouse environment: an exploratory study

The recent introduction of a spate of data access applications, such as CLAP and data mining tools, has led to an increased interest on the part of both scholars and practitioners on how best to use and benefit from these tools. This paper reports on six exploratory case studies involving eight decision-makers and seven end-users. A process model based on the Value Chain is proposed and explained. Results show that database usage and information processing practices have indeed grown more sophisticated. Implications for practice and future research aimed at testing the Value Chain model are proposed.
The Use of Real-Time Information in Phillips Curve Relationships for the Euro Area

The dynamics of the Phillips Curve in New Keynesian, Expectations Augmented and Hybrid forms are extremely sensitive to the choice, timing and restrictions on variables. An important element of the debate revolves round what information decision-makers took into account at the time and round what they thought was going to happen in the future. The original debate was conducted using up to date, revised estimates of the data as in the most recent official publications. In this paper, however, we explore how much three aspects of the specification of the information available at the time affect the performance of the various Phillips curves and the choice of the most appropriate dynamic structures. First we consider the performance of forecasts, published at the time, as representations of expectations. Second, we explore the impact of using 'real time data' in the sense of what were the most recently available estimates of the then present and past. Finally we review whether it helps to use the information that was available at the time in the choice of instruments in the estimation of the relationships rather than the most up to date estimate of the data series that has been published. Thus different datasets are required in the instrument set for every time period. We use a single consistent source for 'real-time' data on the past, estimates of the present and forecasts, from OECD Economic Outlook and National Accounts. We set this up as a panel for the euro area countries covering the period since 1977. The OECD publishes forecasts twice a year, which permits a more detailed exploration of the importance of the timing of information. Our principal conclusions are (1) that the most important use of real time information in the estimation of the Phillips curve is in using forecasts made at the time to represent expectations; (2) real time data indicate that the balance of expectations formation was more forward than backward-looking; (3) by contrast using the most recent, revised, data suggests more backward-looking and less well-determined behaviour.
Asymmetric Information in Credit Markets and Entrepreneurial Risk Taking

The paper constructs a search-theoretic model of credit markets with a bilateral trading mechanism that enables the manageable introduction of asymmetric information.Borrowers success probabilities are unobservable to financiers, but the degree of risk in observable projects can be used as a sorting device.We find that the efficiency of a perfect Bayesian equilibrium depends negatively/ positively on the credit market tightness /liquidity. In general equilibrium, where the underlying market conditions are endogenously determined, steady states with greater credit market tightness are always associated with increasingly excessive investment in risky projects.Since tighter market conditions also imply less intense competition among financiers, the commonly asserted trade-off between competition and efficiency does not emerge.Tighter monetary policy is shown to worsen the adverse effect of informational frictions on efficiency. Key words: credit market, asymmetric information, search, risk taking
Web services transaction (ws-transaction)

This specification describes coordination types that are used with the extensible coordination framework described in the WS-Coordination specification. It defines two coordination types: Atomic Transaction (AT) and Business Activity (BA). Developers can use either or both of these coordination types when building applications that require consistent agreement on the outcome of distributed activities. Composable Architecture By using the SOAP [SOAP] and WSDL [WSDL] extensibility model, SOAP-based and WSDL-based specifications are designed to work together to define a rich Web services environment. As such, WS-Transaction by itself does not define all features required for a complete solution. WS-Transaction is a building block used with other specifications of Web services (e.g., WS-Coordination, WS-Security) and application-specific protocols that are able to accomodate a wide variety of coordination protocols related to the coordination actions of distributed applications. Status of this Document WS-Transaction and related specifications are provided for use as-is and for review and evaluation only. Microsoft, BEA, and IBM will solicit your contributions and suggestions in the near future. Microsoft, BEA, and IBM make no warranties or representations regarding the specification in any manner whatsoever. Acknowledgements The following individuals have provided invaluable input into the design of the WS-Transaction specification: Francisco Curbera, IBM Gert Drapers, Microsoft
VARNA: Interactive drawing and editing of the RNA secondary structure

Description: VARNA is a tool for the automated drawing, visualization and annotation of the secondary structure of RNA, designed as a companion software for web servers and databases. Features: VARNA implements four drawing algorithms, supports input/output using the classic formats dbn, ct, bpseq and RNAML and exports the drawing as five picture formats, either pixel-based (JPEG, PNG) or vector-based (SVG, EPS and XFIG). It also allows manual modification and structural annotation of the resulting drawing using either an interactive point and click approach, within a web server or through command-line arguments. Availability: VARNA is a free software, released under the terms of the GPLv3.0 license and available at http://varna.lri.fr Contact: ponty@lri.fr Supplementary information: Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.
P M Max−planck−institut Fü R Biologische Kybernetik

support was obtained Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG, grant number MA 1038/6-1). We are grateful to Heinrich H. B ulthoo and Sibylle D. Steck for intellectual and practical support. Preliminary versions of this paper have been presented at ECVP (Gillner and Mallot 1996) and ARVO (Mallot and Gillner 1997). Abstract. The usage of landmark information in a route navigation task is investigated in a virtual environment. After learning a route, subjects were released at intermediate points along the route and asked to indicate the next movement direction required to continue the route. At each decision point, three landmarks were present, one of which was viewed centrally and two which appeared in the periphery of the visual eld when approaching the decision point. Replacement of the landmarks in the test phase did not aaect subjects' performance as long as the direction informations associated with each landmark and landmark position (left, central, right) during the learning phase were consistent. Only if landmarks were combined that carried connicting movement informations, a reduced performance is observed. We conclude that local views and objects are recognized individually and that the associated directions are combined in a voting scheme. No evidence was found for a recognition of places as panoramic views or conngurations of objects.
Geochemical study of Bara Formation from boreholes SB-14-TC and ST-24-TC, Thar Coalfield, Sindh, Pakistan

The coal resources of Sindh are encased into two stratigraphic horizons; Bara Formation (Middle Paleocene) and Sonhari member of Laki Formation (Eocene). Being coal bearing Formation of Thar coalfield, the Bara Formation warrants a detailed geochemical study of its sediments for better understanding of depositional environment and sedimentary processes operational at the time of its deposition. Major elements of twenty samples of Bara Formation from two selected Boreholes SB-14-TC and ST-24-TC were analyzed through X-ray fluorescence. The investigation of major elements (Si, Ti, Al, Na, Ca, K, Mn, Mg, Fe+3, P & S ), major elemental ratios and their correlation coefficient (r2) show that the origin of its constituting silica content is detrital, which is further confirmed by difference in the source of silica and alumina. The studied sediments have potentially deposited along the fringe of basin of deposition in deltaic to near shore depositional environment. The deposition of sediments took place under humid climatic condition, with relatively fast rate of sedimentation, showing better conditions for the growth, accumulation and preservation of organic source material of its coal. The studied sediments are potentially derived from igneous and metamorphic source rocks.