Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Intrinsic motivation at work : building energy & commitment

What motivates people to do their best work in any endeavor they undertake? Management theory and practice has traditionally focused on "extrinsic motivators": pay, benefits, status, bonuses, commissions, pension plans, expense budgets, and the like. While these are powerful motivators, by themselves they are no longer enough. In today's organizations, where managers expect workers and teams to self-manage their work, intrinsic rewards are essential. This breakthrough book provides the first comprehensive treatment of intrinsic motivation - the psychological rewards workers get directly from the work itself - offering clear advice on how companies can harness its tremendous power to develop a more committed, self-managing workforce. Written in an engaging, accessible style and grounded in solid academic research, Intrinsic Motivation provides a diagnostic framework for addressing problems of intrinsic motivation and essential ways to build it. Thomas describes four intrinsic rewards needed to energize today's work: a sense of purpose or meaningfulness, the ability to choose how the tasks are performed, the ability to control the quality of one's performance, and a sense of progress. He offers detailed information on these rewards, together with the building blocks leaders and workers can use to create them. Finally, he spells out the practical implications for executives, managers, and employees themselves.
Atlas of EEG Patterns

Alpha activity Occipital Alpha rhythm Bancaud's phenomenon Fast alpha variant Slow alpha normal Drowsiness Slow alpha variant Slow alpha abnormal Central Mu rhythm Temporal Wicket rhythm Wicket fragment / spike Generalized with coma Artifacts Cardiac EKG Pulse Ballistocardiographic Electrode Electrode pop Salt Bridge Perspiration Electrode/lead movement EMG Lateral rectus spike Photomyogenic (photomyoclonic) Glossokinetic (chew/swallow) Scalp/facial muscle EOG Blink Flutter Lateral REM Slow / Roving External 50/60 Hz ambient electrical noise Electrical devices Mechanical devices Movement Attenuation Focal Generalized Beta activity Central due to drowsiness Generalized Drowsiness Medications Coma BETS (small sharp spikes) BiPEDs Breach effect Burst suppression Cone wave (O wave, occipital wave) Delta activity Generalized Sleep Medications Abnormal slowing Metabolic abnormality Encephalopathy Coma Hypsarrhythmia Focal IRDA (projected slow waves, rythmes a distance) FIRDA OIRDA Electrocerebral inactivity/silence Brain death Epileptiform discharge, focal Spike w/ or w/o slow wave Polyspike w/ or w/o slow wave Sharp w/ or w/o slow wave MISD Rolandic spike (with dipole) Epileptiform discharge, generalized Spike and slow wave complex at 3.5/sec Polyspikes Secondary bilateral synchrony Fourteen and Six Positive Bursts (ctenoids, 14 and 6 per second positive spikes) Hypersynchrony Hypnapompic and hypnagogic Hyperventilation Ictal pattern Generalized Partial K complex Lambda waves (Sail waves) Occipital spikes of blindness PFA Focal Generalized
Tidig identifiering - av vad?

Att identifiera tidiga tecken pa en kommande schizofreni har av manga ansetts som nodvandigt for att minska negativa konsekvenser av schizofreni och liknande tillstand. Det ar nu aktuellt med anledning av DSM-kommittens forslag pa ny diagnos i nasta version av manualen som kommer publiceras 2013. Men det finns manga svarigheter med tidig identifikation och forslag pa tidig intervention, framst att de foreslagna definitionerna och kriterierna for diagnos har visat sig ha lagt prediktionsvarde. Alltsa finns en stor risk att manga patienter diagnostiseras felaktigt och i forlangningen behandlas felaktigt.
A Formal Semantics of Influence in Bayesian Reasoning

This paper proposes a formal definition of influence in Bayesian reasoning, based on the notions of state (as probability distribution), predicate, validity and conditioning. Our approach highlights how conditioning a joint entwined/entangled state with a predicate on one of its components has 'crossover' influence on the other components. We use the total variation metric on probability distributions to quantitatively measure such influence. These insights are applied to give a rigorous explanation of the fundamental concept of d-separation in Bayesian networks.
2 Tilted D-branes and the Born-Infeld Action 2 . 1 Review of D-branes and T-duality

We consider the spectra of excitations around diagonal and intersecting D-brane configurations on tori. These configurations are described by constant curvature connections in a dual gauge theory description. The low-energy string fluctuation spectrum is reproduced exactly by the gauge theory in the case of vanishing field strength; however, this correspondence breaks down for fixed nonzero field strength. We show that in many cases the full Born-Infeld action correctly captures the low-energy spectrum in the case of non-vanishing field strength. This gives a field theory description of the low-energy physics of systems of diagonally wound branes and branes at angles as considered by Berkooz, Douglas and Leigh. This description extends naturally to non-supersymmetric configurations, where the tachyonic instability associated with brane-anti-brane systems appears as an instability around a saddle point solution of the corresponding Yang-Mills/Born-Infeld theory. In some cases, the field theory description requires a non-abelian generalization of the Born-Infeld action. We follow Tseytlin’s recent proposal for formulating such an action. In the case of intersecting branes, the non-abelian Born-Infeld theory produces a transcendental relation which comes tantalizingly close to reproducing the correct spectrum; however, a discrepancy remains which indicates that a further clarification of the non-abelian Born-Infeld action may be necessary.
Supporting quality of service in the head-end of hybrid filber-coaxial netowrks

Many cable operators have begun the process of upgrading their cable systems in anticipation of delivering a wide range of interactive digital services to the home. These newer hybrid fiber-coaxial (HFC) networks can take advantage of unused bandwidth in broadcast cable television (CATV) and allow for an inexpensive and simple way for home users to have access to many broadband digital applications. The current trend toward more demanding network applications means that these HFC networks will need to support quality of service (QoS) control mechanisms which allocate network resources and can offer users certain network performance guarantees. The unique topology and characteristics of HFC networks present several interesting challenges for controlling and managing access to the system, and solutions developed for other kinds of networks may not be readily applicable. This paper explores techniques to understand these challenges and meet them with possible solutions. The primary goal will be to devise, study, and implement algorithms which demonstrate that support for QoS mechanisms, such as different classes (or priorities) of service, can be implemented with changes only to the head-end of these HFC systems. This solution offers flexibility in the design and distribution of cable modems by making this restriction. Thesis Supervisor: John T. Wroclawski Title: Research Scientist
Deceleration processes of secondary electrons produced by a high-energy Auger electron in a biological context

Abstract Purpose: To simulate the deceleration processes of secondary electrons produced by a high-energy Auger electron in water, and particularly to focus on the spatial and temporal distributions of the secondary electron and the collision events (e.g. ionization, electronic excitation, and dissociative electron attachment) that are involved in the multiplication of lesions at sites of DNA damage. Materials and methods: We developed a dynamic Monte Carlo code that considers the Coulombic force between an ejected electron and its parent cation produced by the Auger electron in water. Thus our code can simulate some return electrons to the parent cations. Using the code, we calculated to within the order of femtoseconds the temporal evolution of collision events, the mean energy, and the mean traveling distance (including its spatial probability distribution) of the electron at an ejected energy of 20 eV. Results: Some of the decelerating electrons in water in the Coulombic field were attracted to the ionized atoms (cations) by the Coulombic force within hundreds of femtoseconds, although the force did not significantly enhance the number of ionization, electronic excitation, and dissociative electron attachment collision events leading to water radiolysis. Conclusions: The secondary electrons are decelerated in water by the Coulombic force and recombined to the ionized atoms (cations). Furthermore, the some return electrons might be prehydrated in water layer near the parent cation in DNA if the electrons might be emitted from the DNA. The prehydrated electron originated from the return electron might play a significant role in inducing DNA damage.
Effect of R667, a Novel Emphysema Agent, on the Pharmacokinetics of Midazolam in Healthy Men

The purpose of this study was to investigate the potential for a CYP3A4‐mediated drug interaction between R667 and midazolam (MDZ) in healthy subjects. R667 is metabolized by CYP3A4 and therefore may interact with CYP3A4 substrates. In the present study, 18 healthy male subjects received a single 15‐mg oral dose of MDZ with and without R667 coadministration. Serial blood samples were collected predose and up to 24 hours after each MDZ dose for pharmacokinetic (PK) evaluation. The PK parameters for MDZ, R667, and metabolites were estimated using noncompartmental methods. MDZ exposure was very similar in the presence and absence of R667 (Cmax = 50.8 vs 46.2 ng/mL; AUC0‐last = 215 vs 216 ng•h/mL; AUC0‐last ratio = 0.26 vs 0.26, respectively). R667 exposure was not affected by midazolam coadministration as compared with historical data. Based on the results of this study, no significant pharmacokinetic interaction should be anticipated between R667 and CYP3A4 substrates.
A valid, accurate, office based non-radioactive test for gastric emptying of solids

BACKGROUND Current breath tests for measurement of gastric emptying of solids are expensive, possibly inaccurate, and require cumbersome calculations. AIMS We wished to validate a simplified solid gastric emptying test using a [13C]Spirulina platensisbreath test for accurate results relative to scintigraphy. SUBJECTS Thirty healthy volunteers. METHODS We measured gastric emptying of egg containing [13C]S platensis and99mTc sulphur colloid by breath13CO2 and scintigraphy over six hours. A generalised linear regression model was used to predict t1/2 and tLAG by scintigraphy from breath13CO2 data. The model was cross validated and normative data calculated for a prepacked [13C]meal. RESULTS Regression models using all breath data over six hours, for the first three hours, and for samples at 75, 90, and 180 minutes (“reduced model”) predicted t1/2 and tLAG values similar to scintigraphy (tLAG 43 (SD 12) min; t1/2 100 (20) min). Standard deviations of differences in t1/2 and tLAG between scintigraphy and the “reduced model” were both 10 minutes. Gastric t1/2 for the prepacked [13C]meal was 91 (15) min (10–90% range: 74–118). CONCLUSION The [13C]S platensis breath test and a simple formula using breath 13CO2 at baseline, 90, and 180 minutes measured gastric emptying t1/2 for solids with results that were comparable with scintigraphy.
An Empirical Study of Software Changes in Statoil ASA - Origin, Priority Level and Relation to Component Size

This paper describes the results of analyzing change requests from 4 releases of a set of reusable components developed by a large Oil and Gas company in Norway, Statoil ASA. These components are total 20348 SLOC (Source Lines of Code), and have been programmed in Java. Change requests in our study cover any change in the requirements. We have investigated the distribution of change requests over the categories perfective, adaptive and preventive changes that characterize aspects of software maintenance and evolution. In total there are 208 combined perfective, adaptive and preventive changes. The results reveal that 59% of changes are perfective, 27% of changes are adaptive and 14% of changes are preventive. The corrective changes (223 in total) are excluded in this paper, since they will be analyzed in future work. We have also investigated the relation between customers' and developers' priority on change requests and found no significant difference between customer and developers' priority of change requests. Larger components had more change requests as expected and priority level of change requests increases with component size. The results are important in that they characterize and explain the changes to components. This is an indication as to which components require more effort and resources in managing software changes at Statoil ASA.
Computing one-loop amplitudes from the holomorphic anomaly of unitarity cuts

We propose a systematic way to carry out the method introduced in F. Cachazo, hep-th/0410077 for computing certain unitarity cuts of one-loop N=4 amplitudes of gluons. We observe that the class of cuts for which the method works involves all next-to-MHV n-gluon one-loop amplitudes of any helicity configurations. As an application of our systematic procedure, we obtain the complete seven-gluon one-loop leading-color amplitude A{sub 7;1}(1{sup -},2{sup -},3{sup -},4{sup +},5{sup +},6{sup +},7{sup +})
Effectiveness of a structured sexual rehabilitation programme following stroke: A randomized controlled trial.

BACKGROUND Sexual activity is an integral part of life; it is important to address sexual health after stroke, but this is often poorly done. OBJECTIVE To assess the effectiveness of a structured sexual rehabilitation programme compared with written information alone regarding sexual and psychological functioning (anxiety, depression, stress), functional independence and quality of life in an Australian stroke cohort. METHODS A total of 68 participants were randomized to a structured sexual rehabilitation programme (treatment group; n = 35) or to written information alone (control group; n = 33). Outcome measures included: Sexual Functioning Questionnaire Short Form; Depression, Anxiety Stress Scale; Functional Independence Measure, and Stroke and Aphasia Quality of Life Scale-39 Generic. Assessments were performed at baseline, 6 weeks and 6 months after the intervention. Participant's preferences regarding how they would like to receive information, who from, and how frequently, were collected at baseline. RESULTS There was no difference between groups for any outcome measures. Half of the participants (51%) wished to receive information and were divided equally into preferring written information vs face-to-face counselling, with the majority (54%) preferring information after discharge from an inpatient setting. CONCLUSION Provision of written information alone appears to be as effective as a 30-min individualized sexual rehabilitation programme in an inpatient setting. Further research is needed regarding longer term outcomes and outpatient settings.
From Tagging to Theorizing: Deepening Engagement with Cultural Heritage through Crowdsourcing

Crowdsourcing, or “obtaining information or services by soliciting input from a large number of people,” is becoming known for the impressive productivity of projects that ask the public to help transcribe, describe, locate, or categorize cultural heritage resources. This essay argues that crowdsourcing projects can also be a powerful platform for audience engagement with museums, offering truly deep and valuable connection with cultural heritage through online collaboration around shared goals or resources. It includes examples of well-designed crowdsourcing projects that provide platforms for deepening involvement with citizen history and citizen science; useful definitions of “engagement”; and evidence for why some activities help audiences interact with heritage and scientific material. It discusses projects with committed participants and considers the role of communities of participants in engaging participants more deeply.
Vascular endothelial growth factor gene variability is associated with increased risk for AD

Converging evidence points to a pivotal role of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) in neuronal protection and a lack of its activity in neurodegenerative disorders. To investigate this possible association, we screened the VEGF gene promoter for various well‐known single‐nucleotide polymorphisms in a series of 249 consecutively recruited Italian patients with sporadic Alzheimer's disease (AD). Genetic analysis indicated different distributions of two single‐nucleotide polymorphisms in the AD population compared with healthy control subjects. In particular, the frequencies of −2578A/A and −1198C/T genotypes were significantly greater in AD patients than in control subjects (23.7 vs 14.7% and 2.8 vs 0%, respectively). The −2578A/A genotype was associated with an increased risk for disease, independently of apolipoprotein E genotype. The risk was significantly increased with respect to various VEGF genotype combinations. In contrast, no difference in serum VEGF levels was detected comparing 96 patients and 49 control subjects. These findings suggest that polymorphisms within the promoter region of the VEGF gene confer greater risk for AD, probably by reducing its neuroprotective effect, and confirm the biological role of VEGF in neurodegenerative processes. Ann Neurol 2005;57:373–380
Time, our lost dimension: toward a new theory of perception, attention, and memory.

A theory of perception and attention that emphasizes the relational nature o{ perceptual invariants is developed within the context of auditory pattern research. The theory is divided into two parts. The first part, addresses world pattern structure; the second describes interaction of organisms with pattern structure. Tn the former, world patterns arc subjectively represented as nested relations within a multidimensional space defined by pilch, loudncss, and time. But dependency of these defining dimensions means that a pattern's lime scale determines the serial integrity of its pitch/loudness structure. Second, the theory proposes a time scale for living things that is manifest in graded perceptual rhythms. These rhythms can be synchronized to corresponding nested time zones within world pattern structure. Related assumptions about the deployment of physical energy across time zones and cognitive locations of perceptual rhythms lead to a simple, but general, attentional theory. Theoretical support, found in research with tone patterns, speech, and sequences of noise is died in a final section. Beyond this focal research, the theory offers a general framework for understanding diverse phenomena thai range from speech perception and aphasia to sleep, growth, and time eslimation.
Emergence of Trichosporon mycotoxinivorans (Apiotrichum mycotoxinivorans) invasive infections in Latin America

We report the first two cases of Trichosporon mycotoxinivorans infections in Latin America. We also conducted a literature review and a microbiological investigation, including that of clinical and environmental isolates. A 30-year-old man with chronic renal failure had disseminated infection after dialysis and a 15-year-old boy with cystic fibrosis (CF) had pulmonary exacerbations with positive respiratory samples. A review of the relevant literature revealed that deep-seated infections were related to immunosuppression or invasive devices, while most of the CF patients showed a decline in lung function after positive cultures. Phylogenetic analyses revealed three distinct circulating genotypes. MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry analysis showed similar spectral profiles and correctly identified all strains/isolates. Biofilm production was documented in a bloodstream isolate and biofilm-producing cells showed high minimum inhibitory concentrations against antifungals.
Age-Related Functional Changes of Prefrontal Cortex in Long-Term Memory: A Repetitive Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation Study

Neuroimaging findings suggest that the lateralization of prefrontal cortex activation associated with episodic memory performance is reduced by aging. It is still a matter of debate whether this loss of asymmetry during encoding and retrieval reflects compensatory mechanisms or de-differentiation processes. We addressed this issue by the transient interference produced by repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS), which directly assesses causal relationships between performance and stimulated regions. We compared the effects of rTMS (a rapid-rate train occurring simultaneously to the presentation of memoranda) applied to the left or right dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC) on visuospatial recognition memory in 66 healthy subjects divided in two classes of age (<45 and >50 years). In young subjects, rTMS of the right DLPFC interfered with retrieval more than left DLPFC stimulation. The asymmetry of the effect progressively vanished with aging, as indicated by bilateral interference effects on recognition performance. Conversely, the predominance of left DLPFC effect during encoding was not abolished in elders, thus probing its causal role for encoding along the life span. Findings confirm that the neural correlates of retrieval modify along aging, suggesting that the bilateral engagement of the DLPFC has a compensatory role on the elders' episodic memory performance.
Sizing the Holin Lesion with an Endolysin-β-Galactosidase Fusion

ABSTRACT Double-stranded DNA phages require two proteins for efficient host lysis: the endolysin, a muralytic enzyme, and the holin, a small membrane protein. In an event that defines the end of the vegetative cycle, the λ holin S acts suddenly to permeabilize the membrane. This permeabilization enables the R endolysin to attack the cell wall, after which cell lysis occurs within seconds. A C-terminal fusion of the R endolysin with full-length β-galactosidase (β-Gal) was tested for lytic competence in the context of the late-gene expression system of an induced λ lysogen. Under these conditions, the hybrid R-β-Gal product, an active tetrameric β-Gal greater than 480 kDa in mass, was fully functional in lysis mediated by the S holin. Western blot analysis demonstrated that the lytic competence was not due to the proteolytic release of the endolysin domain of the R-β-Gal fusion protein. The ability of this massive complex to be released by the S holin suggests that S causes a generalized membrane disruption rather than a regular oligomeric membrane pore. Similar results were obtained with an early lysis variant of the S holin and also in parallel experiments with the T4 holin, T, in an identical lambda context. However, premature holin lesions triggered by depolarization of the membrane were nonpermissive for the hybrid endolysin, indicating that these premature lesions constituted less-profound damage to the membrane. Finally, a truncated T holin functional in lysis with the endolysin is completely incompetent for lysis with the hybrid endolysin. A model for the formation of the membrane lesion within homo-oligomeric rafts of holin proteins is discussed.