Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Extensive games with possibly unaware players

Standard game theory assumes that the structure of the game is common knowledge among players. We relax this assumption by considering extensive games where agents may be unaware of the complete structure of the game. In particular, they may not be aware of moves that they and other agents can make. We show how such games can be represented; the key idea is to describe the game from the point of view of every agent at every node of the game tree. We provide a generalization of Nash equilibrium and show that every game with awareness has a generalized Nash equilibrium. Finally, we extend these results to games with awareness of unawareness, where a player i may be aware that a player j can make moves that i is not aware of.
Mouse Tumor Biology Database (MTB): enhancements and current status

The Mouse Tumor Biology Database (MTB) is a Web-based resource that provides access to information on tumor frequency and latency, genetics and pathology in genetically defined mice (transgenics, targeted mutations and inbred strains). MTB is designed to serve as an information resource for cancer genetics researchers who use the laboratory mouse as a model system for understanding human disease processes. Data in MTB are obtained from the primary scientific literature and direct submissions by the research community. MTB is accessible from the Mouse Genome Informatics Web site (http://www. informatics.jax.org). User support is available for MTB via Email at mgi-help@informatics.jax. org
Climate Warming Effects on Epiphytes in Spruce Forests of the Alps

Abstract: Nascimbene J., Nimis P.L. , Mair P. & Spitale D. 2018: Climate warming effects on epiphytes in spruce forests of the Alps. – Herzogia 31: 374–384. Climate warming in the Alps is setting major challenges to biodiversity conservation, potentially threatening epiphytic bryophytes and lichens, whose poikilohydric nature makes their eco-physiology strongly dependent on ambient temperature. In this work, we used species occurrence data along steep elevational-temperature gradients within the range of Alpine spruce-dominated forests for modelling the response of epiphytes to temperature shifts. Results provide evidence for species-specific and differently shaped species-temperature relationships, indicating that the sensitiveness of single species to climate warming is likely to influence community composition. Many epiphytes that currently occur in Alpine forests are vulnerable to warming, and may soon experience local extinction. The local assessment of the current altitudinal range of species may provide a tool to monitor the effects of warming by identifying the most critical species and the locations where their conservation is expected to be more effective.
Protocol merging: a VHDL-based method for clock cycle minimizing and protocol preserving scheduling of IO-operations

This paper presents a new algorithm for clock cycle minimizing and protocol preserving scheduling of input and output operations. The algorithm relies on the possibility to overlap protocols at di erent ports in time without changing the behavior. It merges the operations required for complete protocols and allows thus for a compact schedule of a set of correlated protocols. Both, input and scheduled output for subsequent High-Leveland RT-Synthesis use VHDL for description.
Aerobic bacterial flora of oral and nasal fluids of canines with reference to bacteria associated with bites

Oral and nasal fluids of 50 dogs were examined to determine the prevalence of aerobic bacteria frequently associated with animal bite wounds. The most frequently isolated microorganisms included: IIj, EF-4, Pasteurella multocida, Staphylococcus aureus, Staphylococcus epidermidis, group D streptococci, Corynebacterium sp. , Enterobacteria, Neisseria sp. , Moraxella sp. , and Bacillus sp. Other species and genera were infrequently recovered and may represent transient flora. The high incidence of IIj, EF-4, P. multocida, and S. aureus, all known human pathogens, suggests that they should be considered as probably contaminants in bite wounds.
Supercharge me: Boost Router Convergence with SDN

By enabling logically-centralized and direct control of the forwarding behavior of a network, Software-Defined Networking (SDN) holds great promise in terms of improving network management, performance, and costs. Realizing this vision is challenging though as SDN proposals to date require substantial and expensive changes to the existing network architecture before the benefits can be realized. As a result, the number of SDN deployments has been rather limited in scope. To kickstart a wide-scale SDN deployment, there is a need for low-risk, high return solutions that solve a timely problem. As one possible solution, we show how we can significantly improve the performance of legacy IP routers, i.e. "supercharge" them, by combining them with SDN-enabled devices. In this abstract, we supercharge one particular aspect of the router performance: its convergence time after a link or a node failure.
Domain Architecture and Activity of Human Pex19p, a Chaperone-like Protein for Intracellular Trafficking of Peroxisomal Membrane Proteins*

Pex19p is a peroxin involved in peroxisomal membrane biogenesis and probably functions as a chaperone and/or soluble receptor specific for cargo peroxisomal membrane proteins (PMPs). To elucidate the functional constituents of Pex19p in terms of the protein structure, we investigated its domain architecture and binding affinity toward various PMPs and peroxins. The human Pex19p cDNA was overexpressed in Escherichia coli, and a highly purified sample of the Pex19p protein was prepared. When PMP22 was synthesized by cell-free translation in the presence of Pex19p, the PMP22 bound to Pex19p was soluble, whereas PMP22 alone was insoluble. This observation shows that Pex19p plays a role in capturing PMP and maintaining its solubility. In a similar manner, Pex19p was bound to PMP70 and Pex16p as well as the Pex3p soluble fragment. Limited proteolysis analyses revealed that Pex19p consists of the C-terminal core domain flanking the flexible N-terminal region. Separation of Pex19p into its N- and C-terminal halves abolished interactions with PMP22, PMP70, and Pex16p. In contrast, the flexible N-terminal half of Pex19p was bound to the Pex3p soluble fragment, suggesting that the binding mode of Pex3p toward Pex19p differs from that of other PMPs. This idea is supported by our detection of the Pex19p-Pex3p-PMP22 ternary complex.
Dutch football prediction using machine learning classifiers

Sports betting is becoming more popular every year and more people are betting now than ever. With the growth of the betting market comes the growth of research done on match prediction. Research done in the 1950s has been the basis for match predictions up until the 1980s. Since then prediction techniques have shifted from distribution prediction towards a more modern data mining predicting. Using machine learning methods has been proved to be good analyzing methods for tournaments and league matches. In this research paper multiple data mining techniques are analyzed and prediction results are compared to come to a good model for predicting matches of the Dutch football team (soccer team, in American English). Based on the prediction results of a random tree model, Naïve Bayes model and a k-nearest neighbor model one single model is chosen and results are looked at more in-depth. By using the best prediction model, one can see which variables of the dataset have little predictive power and which variables have a lot of predictive power. From the random tree model, which was the most predictive power, it is surprising to see that tactics of the coach hold little predictive value for predicting the end results of a match. To support this claim more research has to be done the prediction of the Dutch football team.
Understanding and constructing shared spaces with mixed-reality boundaries

We propose an approach to creating shared mixed realities based on the construction of transparent boundaries between real and virtual spaces. First, we introduce a taxonomy that classifies current approaches to shared spaces according to the three dimensions of transportation, artificiality, and spatiality. Second, we discuss our experience of staging a poetry performance simultaneously within real and virtual theaters. This demonstrates the complexities involved in establishing social interaction between real and virtual spaces and motivates the development of a systematic approach to mixing realities. Third, we introduce and demonstrate the technique of mixed-reality boundaries as a way of joining real and virtual spaces together in order to address some of these problems.
Mustard Gas Massacres and Atrocities Committed by Italy in 1939 Against the Inhabitant of Menz, Merhabete, and Jamma in Amesegna Washa/Zeret Cave

Following the 1934 Wal Wal incident which was used as a pretext for the second Italo-Ethiopian war, Italy had used prohibited chemical weapons in different battles. Among the chemical warfare agents Italy had used mustard gas, the most deadly poison gas and chemical available, against Ethiopian fighters. Nevertheless, the five year Italian rule over Ethiopia was not a peaceful experience of colonial rule. They were continuously harassed by Ethiopian patriots and had to live entrenched in their isolated fortifications. Sadly, Italy had committed several crimes against humanity. In this case, Ametsegna Washa, some call it “the cave of Zeret” was one of the forgotten massacres which happened in 1939, where up to more than 5,500 Ethiopians were gassed and machine-gunned. This paper, therefore, attempted to describe and analyze the forgotten massacres of the inhabitant of Menz, Merhabete, and South Wollo provinces in Ametsegna Washa (The cave of Zeret) by Fascist Italy in 1939. In doing so, the study employed qualitative research in which empirical data were collected from primary and secondary data. Primary data were gathered through qualitative field research observation, key informant interview with direct victims and their descendants, elders and experts at Menz keya gebreal woreda tourism office. Secondary data were gathered from books, published and unpublished journals, and historical records of the patriot. In view of that, the study employed qualitative method of data analysis in particular descriptive narration. The findings of the study shows that through the approval of Badoglio to use chemical weapons, the fascist soldiers had thrown several barrel with a mustard gas through the mouth of the cave then they attacked the mouth of the cave with artillery and machine-gun fire, and as a result more than 5,500 peoples have lost their live while those escaped from the massacre had faced a number of problems. The survival of the catastrophic massacre had faced physical injury which includes blindness, skin related problem, respiratory problem and as a result they had lived their remaining age with misery. This study, therefore, calls for the need of further investigation in the area. Along this, the place is not well-protected and, therefore, the government as well as the other concerning bodies should give serious attention in preserving and memorizing the historical cave.
How I treat a first single seizure in a child

An epileptic seizure is defined as transient occurrence of signs and/or symptoms due to abnormal excessive or synchronous neuronal activity in brain. There are diverse etiologies for acute seizure in infants and children. The present review provides a broad approach to diagnosis and treatment plan for acute seizure in children. The approach to a child with acute seizure is discussed with special emphasis on clinical approach based on history and focused examination with judicious choice of investigation and further management plan. The review also emphasizes on recognizing common nonepileptic events that masquerade as true seizure among infants and children.
Non-Accidental Health Impacts of Wildfire Smoke

Wildfires take a heavy toll on human health worldwide. Climate change may increase the risk of wildfire frequency. Therefore, in view of adapted preventive actions, there is an urgent need to further understand the health effects and public awareness of wildfires. We conducted a systematic review of non-accidental health impacts of wildfire and incorporated lessons learned from recent experiences. Based on the literature, various studies have established the relationship between one of the major components of wildfire, particulate matter (particles with diameter less than 10 µm (PM10) and less than 2.5 µm (PM2.5)) and cardiorespiratory symptoms in terms of Emergency Rooms visits and hospital admissions. Associations between wildfire emissions and various subclinical effects have also been established. However, few relationships between wildfire emissions and mortality have been observed. Certain segments of the population may be particularly vulnerable to smoke-related health risks. Among them, people with pre-existing cardiopulmonary conditions, the elderly, smokers and, for professional reasons, firefighters. Potential action mechanisms have been highlighted. Overall, more research is needed to better understand health impact of wildfire exposure.
Autoimmune neuropathies: insights from animal models

Autoimmune neuropathies comprise a diverse group of conditions resulting from an immune attack on the peripheral nervous system. In some of these disorders, the antigenic target has been identified. In other conditions such as chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyradiculoneuropathy, the initial trigger and the antigenic target remain elusive. Animal models have provided some important information regarding their pathogenetic mechanisms. This review summarizes the background information and recent highlights from studies in animal models such as experimental autoimmune neuritis and spontaneous autoimmune polyneuropathy in B7‐2 knockout non‐obese diabetic mice.
Context-dependent ‘safekeeping’ of foraging tools in New Caledonian crows

Several animal species use tools for foraging, such as sticks to extract embedded arthropods and honey, or stones to crack open nuts and eggs. While providing access to nutritious foods, these behaviours may incur significant costs, such as the time and energy spent searching for, manufacturing and transporting tools. These costs can be reduced by re-using tools, keeping them safe when not needed. We experimentally investigated what New Caledonian crows do with their tools between successive prey extractions, and whether they express tool ‘safekeeping’ behaviours more often when the costs (foraging at height), or likelihood (handling of demanding prey), of tool loss are high. Birds generally took care of their tools (84% of 176 prey extractions, nine subjects), either trapping them underfoot (74%) or storing them in holes (26%)—behaviours we also observed in the wild (19 cases, four subjects). Moreover, tool-handling behaviour was context-dependent, with subjects: keeping their tools safe significantly more often when foraging at height; and storing tools significantly more often in holes when extracting more demanding prey (under these conditions, foot-trapping proved challenging). In arboreal environments, safekeeping can prevent costly tool losses, removing a potentially important constraint on the evolution of habitual and complex tool behaviour.
Distribution and Management of Heracleum species in Reykjavík, Iceland

Invasive alien species can negatively impact ecosystems in a number of ways that include declines in biodiversity, economic losses, human health issues, and risks to native species. Given these impacts, the City of Reykjavík, Iceland, is concerned about three alien hogweed species: Heracleum mantegazzianum, H. persicum, and H. sphondylium. To assess this concern, these species were mapped in 11 districts in Reykjavík between May and August 2017 on both managed and unmanaged sites, using ArcGIS. The study also focused on the area of Laugarnes, where vegetation cover was measured and efforts to eradicate H. mantegazzianum were implemented in June 2017. Overall, hogweed was found in 53 public land locations and 70 private land locations. Results indicate that H. mantegazzianum is abundant and widely distributed in Laugarnes. H. sphondylium is prevalent in Vesturbær and is spreading at a faster rate than H. mantegazzianum. This is the first time H. sphondylium is being recorded as an invasive species in Iceland. H. persicum is not a threat at this time but should be monitored. Key findings reveal early detection and monitoring of the species and surrounding plant community is needed to reduce the threats and costs of hogweed control, so the City of Reykjavík can adopt more focused and effective management strategies. Finally, public interaction and participation is important to increase community awareness and support towards future management decisions regarding invasive species. Abstract in Icelandicin Icelandic Framandi ágengar tegundir eru sívaxandi ógn fyrir vistkerfi og geta haft alvarleg áhrif á velferð líffræðilegrar fjölbreytni en einnig á heilsu fólks og efnahag. Í Reykjavíkurborg hefur hópur framandi plantna, tröllahvannir af ættkvíslinni Heracleum, vakið áhyggjur. Um er að ræða þrjár tegundir – H. mantegazzianum, H. persicum og H. sphondylium. Til að meta núverandi ástand var útbreiðsla þessara þriggja tegunda í Reykjavík kortlögð sumarið 2017 með notkun landupplýsingatækja (ArcGIS), bæði á borgarlandi og einkalóðum. Eitt svæði, Laugarnestangi, var tekið til sérstakrar skoðunar og gróðurþekja á svæðum þar sem Heracleum vex var metin með tilliti til tegundasamsetningar. Niðurstöður gefa til kynna að H. mantegazzianum er útbreidd um borgina og sums staðar í miklum mæli m.a. á Laugarnesi. H. sphondylium er mjög algeng í Vesturbæ en annars með nokkuð takmarkaða útbreiðslu sem fer þó ört vaxandi. H. persicum er mun sjaldgæfari. Niðurstöðurnar eru grunnforsenda fyrir skipulag og framfylgd aðgerða til að stemma stigu við frekari útbreiðslu tröllahvanna í Reykjavík.
Dexamethasone Treatment after the First Week of Life for Bronchopulmonary Dysplasia in Preterm Infants: A Systematic Review

Background: Dexamethasone has powerful anti-inflammatory effects and has been used to treat established bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD), but it is uncertain whether the benefits outweigh the risks of treatment. Objectives: To determine the effect of late (>7 days) postnatal dexamethasone treatment compared with control (placebo or nothing) to prevent or treat BPD in the preterm infant. Methods: Randomised controlled trials (RCTs) of late postnatal dexamethasone therapy to treat or prevent BPD were sought using methods of the Cochrane Collaboration. Data regarding clinical outcomes including mortality, BPD, death or BPD, complications during the primary hospitalisation, and long-term outcome were abstracted and analysed using RevMan 5. Results: 19 RCTs enrolling 1,345 participants were eligible for this review. Late dexamethasone treatment reduced neonatal mortality, but not later mortality. Benefits of late dexamethasone included reductions in failure to extubate, BPD and the combined outcome of death or BPD. There were clear short-term complications, including hyperglycaemia and hypertension, but not intestinal perforation. Trends of an increase in cerebral palsy or abnormal neurological examination were partly offset by a trend in the opposite direction in death before late follow-up. Conclusions: The benefits of late dexamethasone may not outweigh actual or potential adverse effects. Given the evidence of both benefits and harms of treatment, and the limitations of the evidence at present, it appears prudent to reserve the use of late dexamethasone to infants who cannot be weaned from mechanical ventilation, and to minimise the dose and duration of any course of treatment.
Effects of hypothyroidism on cell proliferation and neuroblasts in the hippocampal dentate gyrus in a rat model of type 2 diabetes

We observed how the hypothyroid state affects diabetic states and modifies cell proliferation and neuroblast differentiation in the hippocampal dentate gyrus (DG). For this, 0.03% methimazole, an anti-thyroid drug, was administered to 7-week-old, pre-diabetic Zucker diabetic fatty (ZDF) rats by drinking water for 5 weeks, and the animals were sacrificed at 12 weeks of age. At this age, corticosterone levels were significantly increased in the ZDF rats compared to those in the control (Zucker lean control, ZLC) rats. Methimazole (methi) treatment in the ZDF rats (ZDF-methi rats) significantly decreased corticosterone levels and diabetes-induced hypertrophy of adrenal glands. In the DG, Ki67 (a marker for cell proliferation)- and doublecortin (DCX, a marker for neuronal progenitors)-immunoreactive cells were much lower in the ZDF rats than those in the ZLC rats. However, in ZDF-methi rats, numbers of Ki67- and DCX-immunoreactive cells were similar to those in the ZLC rats. These suggest that methi significantly reduces diabetes-induced hypertrophy of the adrenal gland and alleviates the diabetes-induced reduction of cell proliferation and neuronal progenitors in the DG.
Thorium and Uranium in the Rock Raw Materials Used For the Production of Building Materials

Thorium and uranium are constant components of all soils and most minerals thereby rock raw materials. They belong to the particularly dangerous elements because of their natural radioactivity. Evaluation of the content of the radioactive elements in the rock raw materials seems to be necessary in the early stage of the raw material evaluation. The rock formations operated from deposits often are accumulated in landfills and slag heaps where the concentration of the radioactive elements can be many times higher than under natural conditions. In addition, this phenomenon may refer to buildings where rock raw materials are often the main components of the construction materials. The global control system of construction products draws particular attention to the elimination of used construction products containing excessive quantities of the natural radioactive elements. In the presented study were determined the content of thorium and uranium in rock raw materials coming from the Bełachatów lignite deposit. The Bełchatów lignite deposit extracts mainly lignite and secondary numerous accompanying minerals with the raw material importance. In the course of the field works within the framework of the carried out work has been tested 92 samples of rocks of varied petrographic composition. There were carried out analyses of the content of the radioactive elements for 50 samples of limestone of the Jurassic age, 18 samples of kaolinite clays, and 24 samples of siliceous raw materials, represented by opoka-rocks, diatomites, gaizes and clastic rocks. The measurement of content of the natural radioactive elements thorium and uranium based on measuring the frequency counts of gamma quantum, recorded separately in measuring channels. At the same time performed measurements on volume patterns radioactive: thorium and uranium. The studies were carried out in Mazar spectrometer on the powdered material. Standardly performed ten measuring cycles, after which were calculated the concentration of radioactive elements in the sample. The highest concentration of thorium and uranium has been found in the clayey raw material. Their value was respectively from 8 to 12 mg/kg for thorium and from 2.3 to 3.5 mg/kg for uranium. In carbonate sediments the content of thorium was at the level from 0.5 to 2.1 mg/kg and uranium from 0.5-2.2 mg/kg. From a group of the siliceous raw materials the diatomite had a highest concentrations of radioactive elements where the content of thorium was from 1.5 to 1.8 mg/kg and uranium from 1.3 to 1.7 mg/kg.