Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Classification of Swift's gamma-ray bursts

Context. Two classes of gamma-ray bursts have been identified in the BATSE catalogs characterized by durations shorter and longer than about 2 seconds. There are, however, some indications for the existence of a third class. Swift satellite detectors have different spectral sensitivity than pre-Swift ones for gamma-ray bursts. Therefore we reanalyze the durations and their distribution and also the classification of GRBs. Aims. We analyze the bursts duration distribution, published in The First BAT Catalog, whether it contains two, three or more groups. Methods. Using The First BAT Catalog the maximum likelihood estimation was used to analyze the duration distribution of GRBs. Results. The three log-normal fit is significantly (99.54% probability) better than the two for the duration distribution. Monte-Carlo simulations also confirm this probability (99.2%). Similarly, in previous results we found that the fourth component is not needed. The relative frequencies of the distribution of the groups are 7% short 35% intermediate and 58% long. Conclusions. Similarly to the BATSE data, three components are needed to explain the BAT GRBs’ duration distribution. Although the relative frequencies of the groups are different than in the BATSE GRB sample, the difference in the instrument spectral sensitivities can explain this bias. This means theoretical models may be needed to explain three different type of gamma-ray bursts.
Evolutionary Algorithms in Aircraft Trim Optimization

In this paper, the calculation of aircraft trimming process is presented in a sufficiently understandable way using a unique combination of global optimization theory and the direct hand-on computer simulation. The methods of artificial intelligence and heuristic algorithms handling with the equations of airplane motion are presented in this paper. The main aim was to use them for trimming the flying aircraft to the steady state flight upon setting the flight conditions of various kinds. New approach of SOMA (self organizing migrating algorithm) has been used here to find the vehicle equilibrium state. The method can be practically utilized in construction of airplanes as well as the flight simulators design.
The influence of meiotic spindle configuration by cysteamine during in vitro maturation of mouse oocytes.

BACKGROUND The aim of this study was to assess effects of cysteamine as an anti-oxidant on rate of in vitro maturation of oocyte and determination of its effects on spindle size and shape. METHODS Pre-mature mice were primed with pregnant mare stimulating gonadotrophin (PMSG) and germinal vesicle (GV) stage oocytes were obtained 48 h after. The oocytes were cultured in tissue culture medium (TCM 199) with 50, 100, 200 and 500 microM cysteamine. Experiments also included a group of ovulated oocytes (in vivo matured) after priming with PMSG and human chorionic gonadotrophin. For spindle immuno-cytochemistry of metaphase II (MII), oocytes alpha and beta tubulin antibody were performed. Chromosome staining was performed with Hoechst. RESULTS Our results showed that the rate of GV breakdown (GVBD) and MII increased in all cysteamine groups except in group cultured with 500 microM cysteamine. Immuno-cytochemistry analysis showed that spindle area in all in vitro Maturation oocytes increased when compared to in vivo oocytes. Spindle shape and size (spindle area) in 100 microM cysteamine in comparison to in vivo group was insignificant (P > 0.05). CONCLUSION Our results revealed that cysteamine improved IVM rate in a dose dependant manner. The size and shape of spindle in the presence of given concentration of cysteamine was similar to in vivo. Therefore, cysteamine improved microtubule organization, rate of GVBD and MII development.
Neuroimaging of child abuse: a critical review

Childhood maltreatment is a stressor that can lead to the development of behavior problems and affect brain structure and function. This review summarizes the current evidence for the effects of childhood maltreatment on behavior, cognition and the brain in adults and children. Neuropsychological studies suggest an association between child abuse and deficits in IQ, memory, working memory, attention, response inhibition and emotion discrimination. Structural neuroimaging studies provide evidence for deficits in brain volume, gray and white matter of several regions, most prominently the dorsolateral and ventromedial prefrontal cortex but also hippocampus, amygdala, and corpus callosum (CC). Diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) studies show evidence for deficits in structural interregional connectivity between these areas, suggesting neural network abnormalities. Functional imaging studies support this evidence by reporting atypical activation in the same brain regions during response inhibition, working memory, and emotion processing. There are, however, several limitations of the abuse research literature which are discussed, most prominently the lack of control for co-morbid psychiatric disorders, which make it difficult to disentangle which of the above effects are due to maltreatment, the associated psychiatric conditions or a combination or interaction between both. Overall, the better controlled studies that show a direct correlation between childhood abuse and brain measures suggest that the most prominent deficits associated with early childhood abuse are in the function and structure of lateral and ventromedial fronto-limbic brain areas and networks that mediate behavioral and affect control. Future, large scale multimodal neuroimaging studies in medication-naïve subjects, however, are needed that control for psychiatric co-morbidities in order to elucidate the structural and functional brain sequelae that are associated with early environmental adversity, independently of secondary co-morbid conditions.
Acid reducing agents to neonates – lack of evidence and guidelines

Abstract Objective: The aim of this retrospective study was to investigate the clinical practice, i.e. the frequency of use and the treatment strategies, for acid reducing drugs to neonates in a Swedish hospital. Methods: Retrospective reviews of charts and interviews with nurses at the neonatal wards of Karolinska University Hospital were performed to identify difficulties that might occur with drug administration. All patients admitted over a 2-month period were included. Main outcome measure were the number of patients treated with acid reducing drugs and the dosages. Results: Nine out of 215 patients (4.2%) received an acid reducing drug. Patients treated with acid reducing drugs had significantly lower birth weight, lower gestational age and longer duration of hospitalization. Eight of the patients were treated with omeprazole. One of these patients started treatment with omeprazole but continued later on with ranitidine. One patient was exclusively treated with ranitidine. The doses of omeprazole (intravenous or oral administration) were within the range 0.16–1.26 mg/kg/day. Conclusions: A wide variation in treatment regimens of acid reducing drugs is given to newborn infants. The percentage of treated children was much lower than earlier reports from the US and UK. No conclusions can be drawn as to whether the doses and dosing intervals used give sufficient acid suppression, since the effect of the therapy was not recorded. The present study is only retrospective and data are not truly comparable with other studies. Further studies are therefore warranted to evaluate effective doses and pharmacokinetics of acid reducing drugs in newborn infants.
Spike Train Analysis

Sequences of action potentials are the basis for our perception of the world. E.g., all information about the visual world is transmitted by action potentials of retinal ganglion cells from the eye to the brain. However, responses to identical stimulation can be very variable. Which features of the spike sequences of neuronal populations are most important to encode sensory information is still a matter of intense scientific debate. To address this question, the activity of neurons is recorded in electrophysiological experiments. Based on this data, computational methods are applied to reconstruct the stimulus that was present during the recording. In this tutorial, we will use the example of multi-electrode recordings from retinal ganglion cells. During the experiments, the retina was stimulated with a moving pattern. The goal of the analyses techniques introduced here is to reconstruct the velocity of the moving stimulus from the retinal ganglion cell responses. After a short summary of the basic methods of sampling rate, spike rate, population responses and stimulus tuning, two more advanced data analysis techniques are introduced: Bayesian stimulus reconstruction is used to analyze rate coding based on a population of simultaneously recorded neurons. Metric based clustering is a computationally more expensive technique which allows conclusions about relevant time scales of encoding for single neurons or a small number of cells.
Navigating the rising metrics tide in the 21st century: which way for academic librarians in support of researchers in sub-Saharan Africa?

Academic librarians in sub-Saharan Africa, just like their counterparts in the rest of the world, are under pressure to provide relevant information services to satisfy varied client needs. Research administrators, grant offices, researchers, students and university managers, among others, are increasingly turning to academic librarians for information to meet their myriad research-related information and metrics needs. Sub-Saharan African countries’ emphasis on strengthening science, technology and innovation has exerted further pressure on information professionals and other stakeholders to develop and appropriately apply bibliometrics and altmetrics to inform decision-making and policy-formulation processes. Research output and impact metrics are not only quickly evolving but their volume has been unprecedented. This paper’s focus is the application of bibliometrics and altmetrics by academic librarians to support researchers in their respective universities. The paper argues that there is need for up-skilling or re-skilling the 21 st -century sub-Saharan African academic librarian to select and apply appropriate metrics, tools and strategies to support researchers as they execute their responsibilities. The paper offers possible areas of training for academic librarians.
Analysis of Associative Classification for Prediction of HCV Response to Treatment

objective of this research is the analysis of predicting the response for treatment in patient with hepatitis C virus. The Interferon Alfa (IFN) in combination with ribavirin (RBV) is used as a standard therapy for chronic hepatitis C (CHC), it is very expensive and accompanied with great side effects, with that it fails in more than half cases. For the prediction of treatment response, a knowledge discovery framework including two main phases: pre- processing and data mining was developed. In pre- processing phase, the cleaning and selection of suitable features from patients' data were done. In data mining phase the selected patients' features were mined using Associative Classification (AC) technique to generate a set of Class Association Rules (CARs). The most suitable rules from the generated CARs were selected to build a classifier, which predicts patients' response for treatment. Using our classification model, 220 patients treated with IFN plus RBV were analyzed, 92 patients resulted responders and 128 non- responders at the end of treatment and during the follow up. 170 cases had been used to train our intelligent models and 50 patients had been used to test the models. The experiment results showed that the proposed technique is an effective classification technique with high prediction accuracy reach up to 90%.
Zileuton, 5-Lipoxygenase Inhibitor, Acts as a Chemopreventive Agent in Intestinal Polyposis, by Modulating Polyp and Systemic Inflammation

Purpose Leukotrienes and prostaglandins, products of arachidonic acid metabolism, sustain both systemic and lesion-localized inflammation. Tumor-associated Inflammation can also contribute to the pathogenesis of colon cancer. Patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) have increased risk of developing colon cancer. The levels of 5-lipoxygenase (5-LO), the key enzyme for leukotrienes production, are increased in colon cancer specimens and colonic dysplastic lesions. Here we report that Zileuton, a specific 5-LO inhibitor, can prevent polyp formation by efficiently reducing the tumor-associated and systemic inflammation in APCΔ468 mice. Experimental Design In the current study, we inhibited 5-LO by dietary administration of Zileuton in the APCΔ468 mouse model of polyposis and analyzed the effect of in vivo 5-LO inhibition on tumor-associated and systemic inflammation. Results Zileuton-fed mice developed fewer polyps and displayed marked reduction in systemic and polyp-associated inflammation. Pro-inflammatory cytokines and pro-inflammatory innate and adaptive immunity cells were reduced both in the lesions and systemically. As part of tumor-associated inflammation Leukotriene B4 (LTB4), product of 5-LO activity, is increased focally in human dysplastic lesions. The 5-LO enzymatic activity was reduced in the serum of Zileuton treated polyposis mice. Conclusions This study demonstrates that dietary administration of 5-LO specific inhibitor in the polyposis mouse model decreases polyp burden, and suggests that Zileuton may be a potential chemo-preventive agent in patients that are high-risk of developing colon cancer.
Board Expertise: Do Directors from Related Industries Help Bridge the Information Gap?

We analyze the role of "directors from related industries" (DRIs) on a firm's board. DRIs are officers and/or directors of companies in the upstream/downstream industries of the firm. DRIs are more likely when the information gap vis-a-vis related industries is more severe or the firm has greater market power. DRIs have a significant impact on firm value/performance, especially when information problems are worse. Furthermore, DRIs help firms handle industry shocks and shorten their cash conversion cycles. Overall, our evidence suggests that firms choose DRIs when the adverse effects due to conflicts of interest are dominated by the benefits due to DRIs' information and expertise.
Wireless power transfer system for capsule endoscopy based on strongly coupled magnetic resonance theory

Capsule endoscopy is a new technique that allows complete exploration of the small intestine, and widely used all over the world, for its convenience and less pains compared with traditional endoscopy. However, the limited power supplies of batteries handicap the development of capsule endoscopy. This paper presents a novel wireless power transfer system for the capsule endoscopy utilizing the strongly coupled magnetic resonances theory. The wireless power transfer system consists of four coils, an excitation source and a load. In order to evaluate the system performance, experiments were carried out in which the working frequency is determined at 8.2MHz. The results demonstrate that the distance between two sets of transmission coils have great effect on the system efficiency and the maximal system efficiency can reach 26.14%. Therefore, this power supply system has a promising prospect on wireless power transfer for capsule endoscopy. Improving the quality factor of coils can effectively increase the efficiency of the system, which is the key to the future work.
Do we Plan through Gestures? Evidence from Children, Adolescents and Adults in Solving of Tower of Hanoï Task

The aim of this research was to study the planning of the execution of the Tower of Hanoi task (TOH) through gesture and speech. The effects of age and task complexity on gestures-speech mismatches were analyzed in 144 participants (48 children from 8 to 10 years old, 48 adolescents from 12 to 14 years old, and 48 adults from 18 to 20 years old) during their early explanations of the solution to the problem of the TOH. Results suggested effects from task complexity but not from age. Gesture-speech mismatches could be a possible way to analyze early explanations of the tasks, and the level of difficulty could be considered as a developmental indicator. The question of the relationship between gestures and speech during the planning of complex problems is in fact at the center of a passionate debate on the close relationship between thought and language. It is also at the heart of research on multimodal communication and thinking, according to which human cognition is based on verbal and nonverbal aspects of communicative behavior.
Mean-square optimal weight design for average consensus

In this work we investigate the best possible convergence of average consensus in the mean-square sense with weights that change over time. Although this convergence may be hard to achieve in practice, it provides useful practical insights into the behavior of average consensus. In particular, we show that the correlation between the states plays an important role in the design of the weights and that the weight-morphing scheme proposed in our previous work is close to optimal both for correlated and uncorrelated measurements.
Involvement of Cognitive Resources in Sensory and Sensorimotor Functioning with Age

Epidemiological research indicates a link between hearing loss and poor mobility (Lin & Ferrucci, 2012; Viljanen et al., 2009). One explanation for this association is cognitive compensation, wherein older adults compensate for hearing loss and declines in mobility by recruiting higher-level cognitive resources. A growing body of research using various approaches demonstrates that cognitive resources are involved in both hearing and mobility with age. Our work complements these studies by using experimental, intervention and modeling techniques to investigate how these domains relate in an aging population. Using an experimental approach, older adults and older adults with hearing loss completed a cognitive-motor dual-task protocol, in which they performed an auditory working memory task and a balance recovery task singly or concurrently. Older adults with mild hearing loss showed disproportionately greater dual-task costs on the auditory working memory task, particularly when auditory challenge was added. Given the involvement of cognitive resources in challenging dual-task conditions and particularly among a hearing loss population, the second study took a cognitive enhancement approach. Specifically, older adults with and without hearing loss were given either simultaneous or sequential cognitive-physical training formats. While sequential training appeared to benefit performance on the auditory working memory task, older adults with hearing loss appeared to improve on this same task regardless of format. To complement these group-wise effects we took a structural equation modeling approach using data pooled from the two previous studies to examine individual differences in hearing and cognition which might influence mobility. An additional consideration was the impact of self-efficacy. It was found that the association between greater hearing loss and reduced mobility was mediated by cognitive status, and that self-efficacy in the hearing domain may be an important contributor to balance confidence. Taken together, the current work points to the importance of cognitive resources in both sensory and motor aging, particularly among older adults with age-related hearing loss. As such, the work suggests that cognitive remediation may be a useful complement to traditional hearing and mobility rehabilitation. Moreover, self-efficacy appears to be an important contributor in understanding the relation between hearing loss and mobility.
Training a prosody-based dialog act tagger from unlabeled data

Dialog act tagging is an important step toward speech understanding, yet training such taggers usually requires large amounts of data labeled by linguistic experts. Here we investigate the use of unlabeled data for training HMM-based dialog act taggers. Three techniques are shown to be effective for bootstrapping a tagger from very small amounts of labeled data: iterative relabeling and retraining on unlabeled data; a dialog grammar to model dialog act context, and a model of the prosodic correlates of dialog acts. On the SPINE dialog corpus, the combined use of prosodic information and unlabeled data reduces the tagging error between 12% and 16%, compared to baseline systems using word information and various amounts of labeled data only.
Re: Estimation of tamoxifen's efficacy for preventing the formation and growth of breast tumors.

The recent report by Radmacher and Simon (1) addressed the issue of whether the effect of tamoxifen observed in the National Surgical Adjuvant Breast and Bowel Project’s Breast Cancer Prevention Trial (BCPT) (2) was “mainly due to prevention of newly forming tumors or to treatment of occult disease. ” On the basis of analyses in various tumor growth models, those authors (1) concluded that the reduced tumor incidence in the tamoxifen-treated group was probably due to both effects. By contrast, our recent data (3) obtained with the use of a transgenic mice model of spontaneous development of HER2/neu-positive, estrogen-independent tumors suggest that the protective effect observed in the BCPT is due only to treatment of occult disease. Indeed, in our animal model, early treatment with tamoxifen inhibited the formation of terminal buds in the mammary gland and clearly prevented spontaneous tumors. In contrast, late treatment—when subclinical tumors were already present—had no effect, as expected for the treatment of estrogen-independent tumors. In the clinical trial, protection only from estrogen receptor-positive tumors was observed, consistent with the dependence on receptor expression of the therapeutic effect of tamoxifen—if tamoxifen acted to prevent new tumors by reducing the number of normal breast epithelial cells at risk of transformation, then both estrogen receptor-positive and estrogen receptor-negative tumors should have been prevented. Moreover, the reduced incidence of breast cancer associated with tamoxifen was not more pronounced in premenopausal women, in whom tamoxifen is likely to inhibit the hormones that govern homeostasis of the normal epithelial cells during the different phases of the menstrual cycle. Therefore, we think that the protective effect observed in the BCPT is due mainly to the treatment of occult disease. However, it might well be that a longer follow-up period in the BCPT will also reveal a reduced incidence of estrogen receptor-negative tumors after long-term treatment with tamoxifen, indicating the prevention of newly formed tumors.
Fruit and Vegetable Consumption by School Lunch Participants: Implications for the Success of New Nutrition Standards

Following the Healthy, Hunger-Free Kids Act of 2010, USDA instituted many changes to the National School Lunch Program (NSLP). School lunches have had to meet new nutrition standards since the fall of 2012. Using data collected as part of the 2005 School Nutrition and Dietary Assessment III, this report examines whether students who attended schools serving more fruits and vegetables, in amounts that would meet the new standards, actually ate more of them than students at schools that did not. Student consumption data were matched by date to lunch menu records for the same day. Tobit models were used to estimate consumption of fruits and vegetables in school lunches by NSLP participants, controlling for other characteristics of students and school food operations. Students in schools that offered more fruits and vegetables and in quantities that met daily standards consumed greater quantities of many of those foods. But most students did not eat any of the offered fruits and vegetables in 2005, suggesting that additional methods may need to be considered in order to meet nutritional goals.