Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
P2Y12 Receptor Inhibitors in Acute Coronary Syndromes: From the Research Laboratory to the Clinic and Vice Versa

The P2Y12 receptor plays a pivotal role in platelet activation and aggregation through a complex cascade of actions. Laboratory and clinical data have convincingly shown the benefit of P2Y12 inhibition combined with aspirin in patients with acute coronary syndrome (ACS)/undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI). Newer agents - like prasugrel, ticagrelor, and cangrelor - provide more consistent, faster, and stronger platelet inhibition than clopidogrel. In large clinical trials newer agents have resulted in fewer ischemic complications (though with increased bleeding potential) than clopidogrel. High-risk subpopulations like ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction, diabetes, chronic kidney disease, elderly, and low body weight patients have been identified. A ‘return to the laboratory' has been observed recently, with several pharmacodynamic studies being performed particularly in these cohorts. This interplay between research laboratory and clinical data may lead to a more efficient and safer use of P2Y12 inhibitors.
Chondrosarcoma and Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptor

Induction of differentiation and apoptosis in cancer cells by ligands of PPARγ is a novel therapeutic approach to malignant tumors. Chondrosarcoma (malignant cartilage tumor) and OUMS-27 cells (cell line established from grade III human chondrosarcoma) express PPARγ. PPARγ ligands inhibited cell proliferation in a dose-dependent manner, and induced apoptosis of OUMS-27. The higher-grade chondrosarcoma expressed a higher amount of antiapoptotic Bcl-xL in vivo. The treatment of OUMS-27 by 15d-PGJ2, the most potent endogenous ligand for PPARγ, downregulated expression of Bcl-xL and induced transient upregulation of proapoptotic Bax, which could accelerate cytochrome c release from mitochondria to the cytosol, followed by induction of caspase-dependent apoptosis. 15d-PGJ2 induced the expression of CDK inhibitor p21 protein in human chondrosarcoma cells, which appears to be involved in the mechanism of inhibition of cell proliferation. These findings suggest that targeted therapy with PPARγ ligands could be a novel strategy against chondrosarcoma.
The Logic of Gift: Inspiring behavior in organizations beyond the limits of duty and exchange

Giving without the expectation of reward is difficult to understand in organizational contexts. In opposition to a logic based on self-interest or a sense of duty, a â€œlogic of giftâ€ has been proposed as a way to understand the phenomenon of free, unconditional giving. However, the rationale behind, and effects of, this logic have been under-explored. This paper responds by first clarifying the three logics of actionâ€”the logic of exchange, the logic of duty, and the logic of giftâ€”and then explains how their balanced integration promises to enhance organizational life and outcomes. Having explicated the unique character and contributions of the logic of gift, the paper further suggests practical implications for management. Encouraging the logic of gift fosters more humane relationships within organizations and to enable individuals to be generous in ways that inspire trust and promote creativity.
The Large Audit Firm Fee Premium: A Case of Selectivity Bias?

Audit fee studies often find large (Big 5) audit firms earn significantly higher fees than small (non-Big 5) firms, but they treat auditor choice as exogenous. In contrast, this paper takes into account that companies are not randomly assigned to audit firms. We find the effects of auditor selection bias on audit fees are statistically and economically significant. Consistent with the predictions of analytical research, our results suggest large (small) audit firms experience advantageous (adverse) selection in attracting high (low) quality companies. Our results indicate the premium earned by large audit firms is more than twice as large when selectivity effects are taken into account (53.4% compared to 19.2%).
User impressions of a stuffed doll robot's facing direction in animation systems

This paper investigates the effect on user impressions of the body direction of a stuffed doll robot in an animation system. Many systems that combine a computer display with a robot have been developed, and one of their applications is entertainment, for example, an animation system. In these systems, the robot, as a 3D agent, can be more effective than a 2D agent in helping the user enjoy the animation experience by using spatial characteristics, such as body direction, as a means of expression. The direction in which the robot faces, i.e., towards the human or towards the display, is investigated here. User impressions from 25 subjects were examined. The experiment results show that the robot facing the display together with a user is effective for eliciting good feelings from the user, regardless of the user's personality characteristics. Results also suggest that extroverted subjects tend to have a better feeling towards a robot facing the user than introverted ones.
Empirical analysis of object-oriented design metrics for predicting high, medium and low severity faults using mallows Cp

An object-oriented approach has become a commonly-used method in software-related activities. Many design metrics for object-oriented systems have been proposed and also employed for predicting and managing the quality of processes and products. To enhance the practical utility of object-oriented metrics in software industry, various researchers have tried to find relations between these metrics and fault proneness, but very few focus on relating them with the number-offaults in different levels as per their severity rating. In this study, empirical validation is carried out on object-oriented design metrics (i.e. Chidamber and Kemerer CK-metrics suite and source lines of codes) for predicting number-of-faults in different severity levels. Different statistical methods are used to analyze the data, including correlation.
Sex differences in stress response: a multivariate analysis.

The study examined the configuration of 10 behavioral, physiological, and subjective measures of stress among subjects classified on the basis of sex and exposure to a stressor (mutilated bodies) and a benign stimulus. Multivariate analysis of variance indicated highly significant main effects of stress and stimulus conditions but no Sex X Stimulus interaction, although separate uni-variate analyses were in the direction of higher subjective reactivity to threat on the part of females. Discriminant functions corresponding to the significant multivariate main effects showed heterogeneity in discriminant variance within and between the subsets of subjective, behavioral, and physiological measures. Postexperimental judgments of stress-and attention-eliciting stimulus properties did not differ between male and female judges suggesting that sex differences may have reflected differing modes of response to stimuli with similar properties for each sex. Implications for assessing stress-reducing treatments are briefly discussed. A recurring "problem" in the assessment of stress has been the elusive agreement among stress indexes on the degree of stress indicated (Lazarus, 1967). Alternative approaches to this problem have placed it within the framework of a methodological weakness (cf. McGrath, 1970), a source of information about coping processes (e.g., Lazarus, 1967), and a combination of methodological weakness and informational source with the former component offset by ipsative types of research techniques (Lazarus, Speisman, & Mordkoff, 1963). In the clinical setting, the configuration of indexes of distress has been seen as possibly reflecting the partial independence of various components of fear in response to treatment (e.g., Lang & Lazovik, 1963). For example, in his review of measures of desensitization, Mathews (1971) has postulated a tentative sequential order of change in indexes of stress for phobic disturbance. Such approaches suggest the utility of analytical procedures simultaneously assessing relationships of stress indexes both to conditions of stress as well as to each other. While indexes of stress may differentially change with exposure to threat, it may be expected that the configuration of these indexes may also vary between males and females (Gray, 1971). Sex differences in stress reaction are well documented in the animal literature (Anderson, 1940; Swanson, 1967). However, there are relatively few studies of such differences between human males and females (Silverman, 1970). While clinical lore has it that verbal reports of distress are generally less frequent in human males than in human females (Gray & Buffrey, 1971), physiological reactivity to aversive stimuli is not necessarily less for males than for …
Barriers to Medication Error Reporting from Nurses' Perspective: A Private Hospital Survey

Background and Objectives: Not reporting medication errors by the clinical staff prevent identification of type and frequency of these errors, and thereby developing effective strategies to alleviate the problem. Most investigation of barriers to medication error reporting comes from public hospitals. This study aimed to explore the issue from a nurse’s perspective in private hospital. Methods: A sample of 97 nurses from a 180-bed private hospital situated in Mashhad City (Western Iran) was surveyed. A literature-based questionnaire consisting of 16 questions asking the reasons for medication error underreporting from the nurse’s perspective was used as the survey tool. The content validity of the survey tool was explored by using nursing experts’ opinions. The reliability of the tool was examined using test-retest method. Data were summarized using descriptive statistical methods. The factors contributing to the medication error underreporting were ranked based on their importance scores, and clustered into three major ranking categories: very important, moderately important, and slightly important. T-test and ANOVA were used for comparison of the medical error factors between the demographic groups. Findings: Fear of legal involvement, fear of losing job, and fear of the consequences of error were identified as the three major factors contributing to medication error under reporting. Age, work experience, working department, shift work and marital status were found to be significantly influential on reporting medication errors. Conclusions: According to our results, factors related to the potential consequences of reporting are the major concern of nurses in reporting. This observation that is corroborated by numerous previous findings emphasizes the importance of developing rational and blameless climate for honest reporting of un-intended medication errors and taking the advantages of these reports for improving patient safety.
Climate change, human land use and future fires in the Amazon

There is increasing consensus that the global climate will continue to warm over the next century. The biodiversity‐rich Amazon forest is a region of growing concern because many global climate model (GCM) scenarios of climate change forecast reduced precipitation and, in some cases, coupled vegetation models predict dieback of the forest. To date, fires have generally been spatially co‐located with road networks and associated human land use because almost all fires in this region are anthropogenic in origin. Climate change, if severe enough, could alter this situation, potentially changing the fire regime to one of increased fire frequency and severity for vast portions of the Amazon forest. High moisture contents and dense canopies have historically made Amazonian forests extremely resistant to fire spread. Climate will affect the fire situation in the Amazon directly, through changes in temperature and precipitation, and indirectly, through climate‐forced changes in vegetation composition and structure. The frequency of drought will be a prime determinant of both how often forest fires occur and how extensive they become. Fire risk management needs to take into account landscape configuration, land cover types and forest disturbance history as well as climate and weather. Maintaining large blocks of unsettled forest is critical for managing landscape level fire in the Amazon. The Amazon has resisted previous climate changes and should adapt to future climates as well if landscapes can be managed to maintain natural fire regimes in the majority of forest remnants.
Estimating Sample Size for Magnitude-Based Inferences

Sample-size estimation based on the traditional method of statistical significance is not appropriate for a study designed to make an inference about realworld significance, which requires interpretation of magnitude of an outcome. I present here a spreadsheet using two new methods for estimating sample size for such studies, based on acceptable uncertainty defined either by the width of the confidence interval or by error rates for a clinical or practical decision arising from the study. The new methods require sample sizes approximately onethird those of the traditional method, which is included in the spreadsheet. The following issues are also addressed in this article: choice of smallest effect, sample size with various designs, sample size "on the fly", dealing with suboptimal sample size, effect of validity and reliability of dependent and predictor variables, sample size for comparison of subgroups, sample size for individual differences and responses, sample size when adjusting for subgroups of unequal size, sample size for more than one important effect, the number of repeated observations in single-subject studies, sample sizes for measurement studies and case series, and estimation of sample size by simulation.
VII. Moving toward integrative feminist evolutionary behavioral sciences

There is a long history of mostly antagonist interactions between feminist and evolutionary scholarship in the behavioral sciences. However, recent theoretical and empirical advances have highlighted that “nature” and “nurture” are not mutually exclusive, or even divorceable, levels of explanation. New developments in evolutionary theory, articulated under the name of “the extended synthesis,” show significant promise for integrating feminist and evolutionary approaches to the study of human behavior. The extended synthesis provides feminist inquiry and research an expanded ground on which to enter the conversation, such as with the inclusion of “fast” evolution – the idea that genetic and epigenetic (environmentally influenced gene expression) traits can change within a generation – which demonstrates that there has in fact been evolutionary time to (adaptively) alter behavior and physiology. This integration has the potential to lead to new research paradigms that bridge the old divide between “nature” and “nurture”, resulting in transdisciplinary frameworks that show the interaction effects between each. Feminism and feminist psychology will be more complete descriptors and analyzers of human behavior in this model, and crucial interaction effects historically ignored by both the sciences and humanities may now receive due consideration.
Genetic Variation in Preferences for Giving and Risk Taking

In this paper, we use the classical twin design to provide estimates of genetic and environmental influences on experimentally elicited preferences for risk and giving. Using standard methods from behavior genetics, we find strong prima facie evidence that these preferences are broadly heritable and our estimates suggest that genetic differences explain approximately twenty percent of individual variation. The results thus shed light on an important source of individual variation in preferences, a source that has hitherto been largely neglected in the economics literature.
SURVEY OF THE PSYCHOLOGICAL ANXIETY OF COLLEGE STUDENTS IN A UNIVERSITY

[Objective] To investigate level of anxiety disorders in college students,so as to provide basis for carrying out psychological work in university.Methods By cluster sampling method,1430 students including 500 male and 930 female students of different grades in 3 universities were collected to investigate with ZUNG’s Self-Rating Anxiety Scale.Results The total detection rate of anxiety disorders for college students was 13.29%,and the rate for male students was 16.40% while for female was 11.59%,moreover significant difference was found between the detection rates of male and female(χ2 = 6.548,P = 0.011);The detection rate of anxiety disorders for freshmen,sophomores and juniors were 9.02%,14.72% and 15.42%,respectively,significant differences had found(χ2 = 9.167,P = 0.01);Students in school of broadcasting and journalism,medical and science were 10.68%,16.53% and 11.04%,respectively,and there was significant difference(χ2 = 9.941,P = 0.007). Conclusion Students in medical college are high risk people of anxiety disorders,the detection rate of anxiety disorders for students of higher grade is higher than that in students of lower grade,and rate for male students is higher than that for female students.
Red Ginseng Extract Reduced Metastasis of Colon Cancer Cells In Vitro and In Vivo

This study investigated the effect of red ginseng extract on metastasis of colon cancer cells in vitro and in vivo. Wound healing migration, cell motility, invasion, and activity, protein expression, and mRNA expression of matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) were examined in SW480 human colon cancer cells. SW480 cells were cultured with or without 100 μg/L PMA in the absence or presence of various concentrations (100, 200, or 300 μg/mL) of red ginseng extract. Red ginseng extract treatment caused significant suppression of cell motility and invasion (p<0.05) in SW480 cells. Red ginseng extract inhibited MMP-2 and MMP-9 activity and their protein and mRNA expression in a dose-dependent manner (p<0.05) in SW480 cells. For experimental metastasis, BALB/c mice were injected intravenously with CT-26 mouse colon cancer cells in the tail vein, and were orally administered various concentrations (0, 75, 150, or 300 mg/kg body weight) of red ginseng extract for 3 weeks. Numbers of pulmonary nodules were significantly decreased in mice that were fed red ginseng extract (p<0.05). Plasma MMP-2 and MMP-9 activity significantly decreased in response to treatment with red ginseng extract in mice (p<0.05). These data suggest that red ginseng extract may be useful for prevention of cancer invasion and metastasis through inhibition of MMP-2 and MMP-9 pathways.
Combining Policies for Renewable Energy: Is the Whole Less than the Sum of its Parts?

Since the energy crisis in the 1970s and later the growing concern for climate change in the 1990s, policymakers at all levels of government and around the world have been enthusiastically supporting a wide range of incentive mechanisms for electricity from renewable energy sources (RES-E). Motivations range from energy security to environmental preservation to green jobs and innovation, and measures comprise an array of subsidies to mandates to emissions trading. But do these policies work together or at cross-purposes? To evaluate RES-E policies, one must understand how specific policy mechanisms interact with each other and under what conditions multiple policy levers are necessary. In this article, we review the recent environmental economics literature on the effectiveness of RES-E policies and the interactions between them, with a focus on the increasing use of tradable quotas for both emissions reduction and RES-E expansion.
Coordination and symmetry patterns during the drop vertical jump, 6‐months after first‐time lateral ankle sprain

To evaluate the adaptive movement and motor control patterns of a group with a 6‐month history of first‐time lateral ankle sprain (LAS) injury during a drop vertical jump (DVJ) task. Fifty‐one participants with a 6‐month history of first‐time acute LAS injury and twenty controls performed a DVJ task. 3D kinematic and sagittal plane kinetic profiles were plotted for the lower extremity joints of both limbs for the drop jump (phase 1) and drop landing (phase 2) phases of the DVJ. Inter‐limb symmetry and the rate of impact modulation (RIM) relative to bodyweight (BW) during both phases of the DVJ were also determined. LAS participants displayed bilateral increases in knee flexion and an increase in ankle inversion during phases 1 and 2, respectively. They also displayed reduced ankle plantar flexion on their injured limb during both phases of the DVJ (p < 0.05); increased inter‐limb asymmetry of RIM was noted for both phases of the DVJ, while the moment‐of‐force profile exhibited bilaterally greater hip extensor dominance during phase 1. Participants with a 6‐month history of first‐time LAS display some movement patterns consistent with those observed in chronic ankle instability populations during similar tasks. © 2015 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Orthop Res 33:1537–1544, 2015.
Ultrathin Graphene Nanofiltration Membrane for Water Purification

A method of fabricating ultrathin (≈22–53 nm thick) graphene nanofiltration membranes (uGNMs) on microporous substrates is presented for efficient water purification using chemically converted graphene (CCG). The prepared uGNMs show well packed layer structure formed by CCG sheets, as characterized by scanning electron microscopy, atomic force microscopy, and transmission electron microscopy. The performance of the uGNMs for water treatment was evaluated on a dead end filtration device and the pure water flux of uGNMs was high (21.8 L m−2 h−1 bar−1). The uGNMs show high retention (>99%) for organic dyes and moderate retention (≈20–60%) for ion salts. The rejection mechanism of this kind of negatively charged membranes is intensively studied, and the results reveal that physical sieving and electrostatic interaction dominate the rejection process. Because of the ultrathin nature of uGNMs, 34 mg of CCG is sufficient for making a square meter of nanofiltration membrane, indicating that this new generation graphene‐based nanofiltration technology would be resource saving and cost‐effective. The integration of high performance, low cost, and simple solution‐based fabrication process promises uGNMs great potential application in practical water purification.