Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Bias in parameter estimation of form errors

The surface form qualities of precision components are critical to their functionalities. In precision instruments algebraic fitting is usually adopted and the form deviations are assessed in the z direction only, in which case the deviations at steep regions of curved surfaces will be over-weighted, making the fitted results biased and unstable. In this paper the orthogonal distance fitting is performed for curved surfaces and the form errors are measured along the normal vectors of the fitted ideal surfaces. The relative bias of the form error parameters between the vertical assessment and orthogonal assessment are analytically calculated and it is represented as functions of the surface slopes. The parameter bias caused by the non-uniformity of data points can be corrected by weighting, i.e. each data is weighted by the 3D area of the Voronoi cell around the projection point on the fitted surface. Finally numerical experiments are given to compare different fitting methods and definitions of the form error parameters. The proposed definition is demonstrated to show great superiority in terms of stability and unbiasedness.
Au Nanoparticles (NPs) Decorated Co Doped ZnO Semiconductor (Co400-ZnO/Au) Nanocomposites for Novel SERS Substrates

Au nanoparticles were decorated on the surface of Co-doped ZnO with a certain ratio of Co2+/Co3+ to obtain a novel semiconductor-metal composite. The optimal substrate, designated as Co400-ZnO/Au, is beneficial to the promotion of separation efficiency of electron and hole in a semiconductor excited under visible laser exposure, which the enhances localized surface plasmon resonance (LSPR) of the Au nanoparticles. As an interesting finding, during Co doping, quantum dots of ZnO are generated, which strengthen the strong semiconductor metal interaction (SSSMI) effect. Eventually, the synergistic effect effectively advances the surface enhancement Raman scattering (SERS) performance of Co400-ZnO/Au composite. The enhancement mechanism is addressed in-depth by morphologic characterization, UV-visible, X-ray diffraction, photoluminescence, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, density functional theory, and finite difference time domain (FDTD) simulations. By using Co400-ZnO/Au, SERS detection of Rhodamine 6G presents a limit of detection (LOD) of 1 × 10−9 M. As a real application, the Co400-ZnO/Au-based SERS method is utilized to inspect tyramine in beer and the detectable concentration of 1 × 10−8 M is achieved. In this work, the doping strategy is expected to realize a quantum effect, triggering a SSSMI effect for developing promising SERS substrates in future.
Research on the Relationship between Physical Literacy, Physical Activity and Sedentary Behavior

During the COVID-19 pandemic, college students’ health-related physical activity and physical literacy aroused widespread concern. This study evaluated the relationship among physical literacy (PL), sedentary behavior (SB), light physical activity (LPA), and moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA); we further explored whether LAP and SB mediated the association between PL and MVPA. Methods: This study was based on a cross-sectional survey of Chinese college students. The Perceived Physical Literacy Instrument Scale (PPLI-SC) and International Physical Activity Questionnaire Short Form (IPAQ-SF) were used to investigate the PL, MVPA, LPA, and SB. Results: There were 2996 valid questionnaires with 829 boys and 2167 girls. The MVPA, LPA, and PL of boys were significantly higher than girls, while the SB values were significantly lower in girls (p < 0.01). The correlation analysis showed that there was a significant correlation between the two indexes except for SB and LPA. Path analysis shows that PL directly, significantly, and positively affects MVPA. PL reduces SB (β = −0.085, p < 0.001) and increases LPA (β = 0.097, p < 0.001). The total mediation effect accounted for 14.014%, and the mediation effects of SB and LPA accounted for 4.417% and 9.597%, respectively. Conclusions: LPA and SB partially mediated the relation between PL and MVPA. SB and LPA partially explain the impact of PL on MVPA. The findings suggest that managing SB and improving LPA could play a significant indirect role in increasing the positive effect of PL on MVPA and that increasing the opportunities for LPA increased the MVPA for Chinese college students.
The Effect of Alexithymia on Adolescent Risk-taking Behavior

: Alexithymia and risk-taking behavior of adolescents are important factors affecting their physical and mental health. Studies have found that alexithymia can affect adolescents' risk-taking behavior. In order to clarify the direct and indirect influence of adolescent alexithymia on risk-taking behavior, this study reviewed the relevant literature. The result of research showed: Alexithymia is a factor that may influence risk-taking behavior through emotion regulation, loss chasing, and executive function. Risk-taking as a teen's strategy for dealing with bad emotion. Individuals with alexithymia are insensitive to loss and tend to chase it, so that they make more risky choices when faced with loss than non-alexithymia individuals. In addition, individuals with alexithymia may have deficits in executive function, affecting rational decision-making and participating in more risk-taking activities. In the future, researchers should try to explore whether specific emotions, such as regret, influence the risk-taking behavior of individuals with alexithymia. Response inhibition can be improved through training, thereby reducing risk-taking behavior in adolescents. In the future, different intervention methods can be studied and applied to different specific risk-taking behavior interventions.
Chirp compensation for attosecond pulse trains using two-color field

The phase compensation of the negatively chirp of the attosecond pulse train is demonstrated experimentally. By adding a weak second harmonic laser field, the phase compensation can be negatively chirp or positively chirp at different time delay, which support a new way to generate the strong transform-limited attosecond pulse.
Altered brain white matter structural motor network in spinocerebellar ataxia type 3

Spinocerebellar ataxia type 3 is a disorder within the brain network. However, the relationship between the brain network and disease severity is still unclear. This study aims to investigate changes in the white matter (WM) structural motor network, both in preclinical and ataxic stages, and its relationship with disease severity.
Effects of Intensive Agricultural Landscapes on Farmland Use by Medium and Large Mammals in Japan

ABSTRACT This study aimed to determine the effects of landscape differences associated with intensive agricultural activities on farmland use by medium and large mammals in Japan. We compared the species diversity of mammals that used farmland within three regions with different agricultural activity levels, and analyzed the relationship between the occurrences and escape responses of mammals in the farmland and surrounding landscape. We used spotlight count in intensive (high agricultural activity), intermediate (moderate agricultural activity), and non-intensive (low agricultural activity) areas. We observed 271 and 199 occurrences of mammals in spring and autumn 2021, respectively. Seasonal changes in mammals occurrence were due to a decrease in the number of raccoon dogs observed. Species richness tended to be lower in intensive agricultural areas than in other areas, suggesting that intensive agricultural landscapes negatively affect the community structure of medium and large mammals. Generalized additive models showed that the effects of the surrounding landscape on the occurrences and escape responses of raccoon dogs, red foxes, and cats differed among species. Only raccoon dogs were negatively affected by the surrounding farmland, suggesting high sensitivity to agricultural activities. Our results have important implications for the management of ecosystems in Japanese agricultural areas. RÉSUMÉ Cette étude visait à déterminer comment les différences dans le paysage associées aux activités d'agriculture intensive affectent l'utilisation de terres agricoles par des mammifères de moyennes et grandes tailles au Japon. Nous avons comparé la diversité spécifique de mammifères utilisant des terres agricoles dans trois régions affectées par différents niveaux d'activité agricole. Nous avons ensuite analysé la relation entre les occurrences et la réaction de fuite des mammifères dans les terres agricoles et les paysages environnants. Nous avons réalisé des comptages nocturnes dans des zones sous activité agricole intensive, intermédiaire et faible. Nous avons observé 271 et 199 occurrences de mammifères au printemps et à l'automne 2021, respectivement. Les changements saisonniers d'occurrence de mammifères étaient dus à une diminution du nombre de chiens viverrins observés. La richesse spécifique avait tendance à être plus faible dans les zones d'agriculture intensive, suggérant un effet négatif sur la structure des communautés de mammifères de moyennes et grandes tailles. Des modèles additifs généralisés ont montré que les effets des paysages environnants sur les occurrences et la réaction de fuite des chiens viverrins, des renards roux et des chats différaient entre les espèces. Seuls les chiens viverrins étaient affectés négativement par les terres agricoles environnantes, suggérant une sensibilité élevée aux activités agricoles. Nos résultats ont des implications importantes pour l'aménagement des écosystèmes dans les zones agricoles au Japon.
Proposing Specific Neuronal Epithelial-to-Mesenchymal Transition Genes as an Ancillary Tool for Differential Diagnosis among Pulmonary Neuroendocrine Neoplasms

Pulmonary neuroendocrine neoplasms (PNENs) are currently classified into four major histotypes, including typical carcinoid (TC), atypical carcinoid (AC), large cell neuroendocrine carcinoma (LCNEC), and small cell lung carcinoma (SCLC). This classification was designed to be applied to surgical specimens mostly anchored in morphological parameters, resulting in considerable overlapping among PNENs, which may result in important challenges for clinicians’ decisions in the case of small biopsies. Since PNENs originate from the neuroectodermic cells, epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) gene expression shows promise as biomarkers involved in the genotypic transformation of neuroectodermic cells, including mutation burden with the involvement of chromatin remodeling genes, apoptosis, and mitosis rate, leading to modification in final cellular phenotype. In this situation, additional markers also applicable to biopsy specimens, which correlate PNENs subtypes with systemic treatment response, are much needed, and current potential candidates are neurogenic EMT genes. This study investigated EMT genes expression and its association with PNENs histotypes in tumor tissues from 24 patients with PNENs. PCR Array System for 84 EMT-related genes selected 15 differentially expressed genes among the PNENs, allowing to discriminate TC from AC, LCNEC from AC, and SCLC from AC. Functional enrichment analysis of the EMT genes differentially expressed among PNENs subtypes showed that they are involved in cellular proliferation, extracellular matrix degradation, regulation of cell apoptosis, oncogenesis, and tumor cell invasion. Interestingly, four EMT genes (MAP1B, SNAI2, MMP2, WNT5A) are also involved in neurological diseases, in brain metastasis, and interact with platinum-based chemotherapy and tyrosine–kinase inhibitors. Collectively, these findings emerge as an important ancillary tool to improve the strategies of histologic diagnosis in PNENs and unveil the four EMT genes that can play an important role in driving chemical response in PNENs.
Language contexts in speech categorization: Testing the double phonetic standard in bilinguals

It is widely known that one’s native language influences where phonetic boundaries are placed. However, it is less understood how bilinguals categorize speech sounds. The goal of this investigation was to test if bilinguals’ phonetic boundary shifts in accordance with the language they use at the moment. In order to accomplish this goal, Spanish‐English bilinguals (N=27) and English monolinguals (N=27) were asked to identify the speech sound ‘‘ta’’ from a 10 token speech continuum varying in VOT in two language contexts, while electrophysiological measures were recorded. It was expected that: (a) Bilinguals, but not monolinguals, would show a shift in their phonetic boundary according to the language context, and (b) bilinguals, but not monolinguals, would show different ERP amplitudes (N2/MMN components) in accordance with the language context. The behavioral results showed that bilinguals, but not monolinguals, perceived specific speech sounds—in the ambiguous zone—differently among language contexts. T.
Predicting the Outcome of Intensive Care Unit Patients

Abstract Statisticians are being asked with increasing frequency to develop models for occurrences in medical environments. Until recently, only subjective models were available to predict mortality for patients in an intensive care unit (ICU). These models were based on variables and associated weights determined by panels of medical “experts. ” This article shows how multiple logistic regression (MLR) can be used to develop an objective model for prediction of hospital mortality among ICU patients. An MLR model to be applied when a patient is admitted to the ICU was developed on 737 ICU patients. The final model is based on the following variables: presence of coma or deep stupor at admission, emergency admission, cancer part of present problem, probable infection, cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) prior to admission, age, and systolic blood pressure at admission. To validate this model, a new cohort of 1,997 consecutive ICU patients was entered into the study. Information was collected for the variabl.
Long-Term Clinical Assessment of Two Modifications of Tunnel Technique in Treatment of Cairo Recession Type 1 in Lower Jaw

Aim: The aim of this study is to compare long-term results after using an MCAT (Modified Coronally Advanced Tunnel) with an SCTG (Subepithelial Connective Tissue Graft) or an MCAT with CM (Collagen Matrices) in the treatment of Cairo recession Type 1 in mandibular single-rooted teeth. Material and method: The study encompassed 80 recessions in 18 patients for whom an MCAT was combined with CM on one side of the mandible and with an SCTG on the contralateral one. The following clinical parameters were measured: gingival recession height (GR) and width (RW), probing depth (PD), clinical attachment level (CAL), width of keratinized tissue (KT), gingival thickness (GT), and mean (MRC). Results: The MRC on the CM- and SCTG-treated sides was 55.25% and 82.35%, respectively. The SCTG side had a significantly greater improvement in MRC, GR, RW, KT, and GT compared to the CM side. The five-year results were stable relative to one-year observations. Conclusions: Both methods of treatment enable the achievement of stable long-term clinical results. Application of subepithelial connective tissue grafts is more effective relative to clinical parameters.
Numerical simulation of bubble growth in film boiling using a coupled level-set and volume-of-fluid method

A coupled level-set and volume-of-fluid method is presented for modeling incompressible two-phase flows with surface tension. The coupled algorithm conserves mass and captures the complicated interfaces very accurately. A planar simulation of bubble growth is performed in water at near critical pressure for different degrees of superheat. The effect of superheat on the frequency of bubble formation has been analyzed. In addition, simulation of film boiling and bubble formation is performed in refrigerant R134a at near critical and far critical pressures. The effect of saturation pressure on the frequency of bubble formation has also been studied. A deviation from the periodic bubble release is observed in the case of superheat beyond 15 K in water. The effect of heat flux on the instability has also been analyzed. It is found that for water at near critical condition, a decrease in superheat from 15 to 10 K leads to oscillations with subharmonics influencing the time period of the ebullition cycle.
Factors Influencing Optimal Glucose Control among Type II Diabetes Patients: From the Health Behaviour Models’ Perspective

Diabetes is a global health issue and one of the top ten causes of mortality, requiring focused research for understanding and implementing appropriate methods of diabetes management. Among the many approaches to managing optimal glucose control, embarking on the factors that influence engaging in health behaviours, such as managing glucose control, plays a pertinent role in addressing effective glucose control management. The present study has attempted to understand the influence of various factors (at the individual level and social level) on optimal glycemic control, which is considered one of the efficient parameters of diabetes management, utilizing the predominant health behaviour models- health belief model, theory of planned behaviour and socio-ecological model. This correlation study was conducted among 266 individuals from the Indian state of Karnataka. The purposive sampling technique was adopted to select participants over 18 years and those suffering from Type II diabetes. The Pearson correlation analysis showed a significant positive relationship between perceived severity and HbA1c value and a inverse correlation with interpersonal relations and community domains. The multiple linear regression analysis results showed the statistically significant predictors of perceived severity, perceived benefits and interpersonal domains on glucose control. The study results put forward the influence of individual-level factors such as perceived severity, perceived benefits, and interpersonal factors in achieving optimal glucose control among type II diabetes patients. The study also highlights the importance of creating more awareness, especially in the Indian context with very low health literacy, which could help enhance the perceived benefits of diabetes specific health behaviours.
Conceptual design of bicycle frames by multiobjective shape annealing

Using the design of bicycle frames as a case study, this paper explores the potential of a multiobjective extension of the shape annealing approach to conceptual design. The key elements of this approach are a randomized search based optimization method (to simulate creativity), a generative structural shape grammar (to allow different configurations to be explored), and a multiobjective optimization approach (to identify competing concepts occupying different parts of the trade-off surface). The results presented demonstrate the success of this approach in exploring a multiplicity of different design configurations and presenting the designer with a variety of Pareto-optimal concepts worthy of further consideration.
Lattice dynamics of MnO

Phonon dispersion relationships have been determined for the acoustic branches in MnO along the [100], [011] and [111] directions by neutron spectrometry. The measurements have been interpreted in terms of the rigid-ion and the shell model. The rigid-ion model does not fit the data adequately and the shell model, while producing a much better fit to the data, cannot be said to give a satisfactory description.
REFLECTIONS ON NETWORKING DYNAMICS TO ADDRESS VIOLENCE AGAINST CHILDREN IN TANZANIA

This article is based on a study conducted to understand the functionality and connectivity of existing networks and their impact on the prevention and response to violence against children (VAC) in East Africa. We adopted an exploratory qualitative approach in which a bottom-up purposive selection of study participants was used. Data were collected using focus group discussions with grassroots actors, interviews with network leads at the grassroots district and national levels, and VAC network funders. The study was carried out in Tanzania’s Dar es Salaam region in three districts (Kigamboni, Temeke, and Ilala) and eight wards. Our findings show that because the nature of VAC is complex and multidimensional, efforts to respond to it also exhibit these qualities. Depending on the goal, networking takes various forms, and VAC networks can have unspecified lifespans. VAC networking results from strategic decision-making that yields many benefits, including a stronger voice and visibility, enhanced impact, and potential efficiency. However, networks also encounter bottlenecks that negatively impact their goals. This is an indication that VAC network actors ought to be more reflexive regarding the space they occupy in the network and intentionally pursue strong relationships among actors and networks.
Financial ratio indicators as early predictors of business failure: Evidence from Serbia

The problem of corporate bankruptcies has intrigued the scientific community for years due to its practical significance. There is no country whose economic well-being is not affected by business failures. The research problem stems from the lack of analyses related to the issue of business failures in the the Republic of Serbia. The main aim of this research paper is to determine whether ratio indicators are relevant in predicting business failure one, two and three years before bankruptcy proceedings start. The research was conducted on a sample of 100 companies from the territory of Serbia. The data for ratios calculation was taken from the official website of the Business Registers Agency. Statistical analysis is based on Mann-Whitney test, which is used to identify differences between two groups with respect to a variable (ratio). The test was conducted in IBM's SPSS v.26 tool. Results of the research indicate that financial ratios can be useful for business failure prediction even three years before bankruptcy proceedings start, since there are statistically significant differences in ratio values between bankrupt and solvent companies.
Recursive prediction error methods for online estimation in nonlinear state-space models

Several recursive algorithms for online, combined state and parameter estimation in nonlinear state-space models are discussed in this paper. Well-known algorithms such as the extended Kalman filter and alternative formulations of the recursive prediction error method are included as well as a new method based on a line-search strategy. A comparison of the algorithms illustrates that they are very similar although the differences can be important to the online tracking capabilities and robustness. Simulation experiments on a simple nonlinear process show that the performance under certain conditions can be improved by including a line-search strategy. <<ETX>>