Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Artificial Intelligence for Clinical Interpretation of Bedside Chest Radiographs.

Background Supine chest radiography for bedridden patients in intensive care units (ICUs) is one of the most frequently ordered imaging studies worldwide. Purpose To evaluate the diagnostic performance of a neural network-based model that is trained on structured semiquantitative radiologic reports of bedside chest radiographs. Materials and Methods For this retrospective single-center study, children and adults in the ICU of a university hospital who had been imaged using bedside chest radiography from January 2009 to December 2020 were reported by using a structured and itemized template. Ninety-eight radiologists rated the radiographs semiquantitatively for the severity of disease patterns. These data were used to train a neural network to identify cardiomegaly, pulmonary congestion, pleural effusion, pulmonary opacities, and atelectasis. A held-out internal test set (100 radiographs from 100 patients) that was assessed independently by an expert panel of six radiologists provided the ground truth. Individual assessments by each of these six radiologists, by two nonradiologist physicians in the ICU, and by the neural network were compared with the ground truth. Separately, the nonradiologist physicians assessed the images without and with preliminary readings provided by the neural network. The weighted Cohen κ coefficient was used to measure agreement between the readers and the ground truth. Results A total of 193 566 radiographs in 45 016 patients (mean age, 66 years ± 16 [SD]; 61% men) were included and divided into training (n = 122 294; 64%), validation (n = 31 243; 16%), and test (n = 40 029; 20%) sets. The neural network exhibited higher agreement with a majority vote of the expert panel (κ = 0.86) than each individual radiologist compared with the majority vote of the expert panel (κ = 0.81 to ≤0.84). When the neural network provided preliminary readings, the reports of the nonradiologist physicians improved considerably (aided vs unaided, κ = 0.87 vs 0.79, respectively; P < .001). Conclusion A neural network trained with structured semiquantitative bedside chest radiography reports allowed nonradiologist physicians improved interpretations compared with the consensus reading of expert radiologists. © RSNA, 2022 Online supplemental material is available for this article. See also the editorial by Wielpütz in this issue.
Exploring a Generalized Partial Borda Count Voting System

The main purpose of an election is to generate a “fair” end result in which everyone’s opinion is gathered into a collective decision. This project focuses on Voting Theory, the mathematical study of voting systems. Because different voting systems yield different end results, the challenge begins with finding a voting system that will result in a “fair” election. Although there are many different voting systems, in this project we focus on the Partial Borda Count Voting System, which uses partially ordered sets (posets), instead of the linearly ordered ballots used in traditional elections, to rank its candidates. We introduce the Generalized Partial Borda Count Voting System, and explore which properties of Partial Borda are still satisfied in this general setting.
Inequalities in energy drink consumption among UK adolescents: a mixed-methods study

Abstract Objective: To examine energy drink consumption among adolescents in the UK and associations with deprivation and dietary inequalities. Design: Quantitative dietary and demographic data from the National Diet and Nutrition Survey (NDNS) repeated cross-sectional survey were analysed using logistic regression models. Qualitative data from semi-structured interviews were analysed using inductive thematic analysis. Setting: UK. Participants: Quantitative data: nationally representative sample of 2587 adolescents aged 11–18 years. Qualitative data: 20 parents, 9 teachers and 28 adolescents from Hampshire, UK. Results: NDNS data showed adolescents’ consumption of energy drinks was associated with poorer dietary quality (OR 0·46 per sd; 95 % CI (0·37, 0·58); P < 0·001). Adolescents from more deprived areas and lower income households were more likely to consume energy drinks than those in more affluent areas and households (OR 1·40; 95 % CI (1·16, 1·69); P < 0·001; OR 0·98 per £1000; 95 % CI (0·96, 0·99); P < 0·001, respectively). Between 2008 and 2016, energy drink consumption among adolescents living in the most deprived areas increased, but decreased among those living in the most affluent neighbourhoods (P = 0·04). Qualitative data identified three themes. First, many adolescents drink energy drinks because of their friends and because the unbranded drinks are cheap. Second, energy drink consumption clusters with other unhealthy eating behaviours and adolescents do not know why energy drinks are unhealthy. Third, adolescents believe voluntary bans in retail outlets and schools do not work. Conclusions: This study supports the introduction of age-dependent legal restrictions on the sale of energy drinks which may help curb existing socio-economic disparities in adolescents’ energy drink intake.
Duration Effects on Wingate and Functional Power Threshold Test Outputs in Female Cyclists

Abstract The response of female cyclists depending on the functional test duration has not been studied. This study aims to analyse the effect of modification of the duration of two different functional tests: Wingate (WAnT) and Functional Power Threshold (FTP) in female cyclists. Fourteen cyclists (27±8 years, 1,66±0,08 m, and 60,6±7,2 kg) performed 2 test days with a 24-hour break between days, varying the test duration (WAnT 20- or 30-sec, and FTP 8- or 10-min). Relative power output, cadence, heart rate, local oxygen saturation, lactate, and rating of perceived exertion were measured in each test. Time duration did not affect the power output outcomes in both tests (p>0,05). However, WAnT of 20 sec, compared with the test of 30 sec, resulted in a lower cadence decrease in the last 5 sec (p<0,01, ES=1,3), lower heart rate variables (peak, average and variation; p<0,01, ES>0,5), and higher execution inclination of local oxygen saturation (p<0,05 and ES=1,0). In conclusion, the time variations assessed do not alters power outcomes in female cyclists. However, higher acute fatigue can be observed in the WAnT of 30 sec, which suggests the use of the test of 20 sec to allow continue training afterwards.
Propagation of nonlinear dust magnetoacoustic waves in cylindrical geometry

The cylindrical dust magnetoacoustic shocks in dissipative and solitons in non-dissipative dust-ion plasmas are studied. The dust particles are assumed to be fully negatively charged so that the density of electrons in comparison with dust and ions is negligible. The cylindrical Korteweg-de Vries Burgers and cylindrical Korteweg-de Vries equations are derived for dust magnetosonic waves by employing the reductive perturbation method. It is found that dust plasma parameters such as dust charge number, dust density, and ion temperature have strong influence on the profile of dust magnetoacoustic shocks and solitons. The results are also obtained numerically by using the data from laboratory experiments on dusty plasmas.
Optic nerve involvement in CACNA1F-related disease: observations from a multicentric case series

ABSTRACT Background Congenital Stationary Night Blindness (CSNB) constitutes a group of non-progressive retinal disorders characterized by disturbances in scotopic vision and/or by a delay in adaptation to darkness, as well as by low visual acuity, myopia, nystagmus, and strabismus. Color vision and fundus appearance tend to be normal. To date, several CACNA1F gene variants have been linked to a CSNB phenotype but only few reports have focused on the optic nerve in this disease. Materials and Methods Twelve patients underwent standard ophthalmological and genetic evaluation including spectral domain optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT), full-field electroretinography (ffERG), kinetic perimetry, fundus photography, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), and next-generation sequencing (NGS). Bilateral thinning of the peripapillary nerve fiber layer (pRNFL) and the ganglion cell complex (GCC) supported involvement of the optic nerves. MRI, when available, was assessed for gross intracranial optic pathway abnormalities. Results All patients were shown to carry pathogenic variants in the CACNA1F gene, and all showed signs of optic nerve involvement. All patients showed a certain degree of myopic refractive error. Low average pRNFL thickness was evident in all patients. In three of them, pRNFL thickness was evaluated longitudinally and was proven to be stable over time. MRI imaging was unremarkable in all cases. Conclusion Our data support the hypothesis that CACNA1F could be related to early-onset or congenital optic nerve involvement without any signs of a progressive optic neuropathy. Even though additional data from larger cohorts and longer follow-up periods are needed to further support and confirm our findings, there is a clear significance to our findings in the preparation for future CACNA1F gene therapy trials.
ESTIMATION OF THE VECTOR MOVING AVERAGE MODEL BY VECTOR AUTOREGRESSION

ABSTRACT We examine a simple estimator for the multivariate moving average model based on vector autoregressive approximation. In finite samples the estimator has a bias which is low where roots of the characteristic equation are well away from the unit circle, and more substantial where one or more roots have modulus near unity. We show that the representation estimated by this multivariate technique is consistent and asymptotically invertible. This estimator has significant computational advantages over Maximum Likelihood, and more importantly may be more robust than ML to mis-specification of the vector moving average model. The estimation method is applied to a VMA model of wholesale and retail inventories, using Canadian data on inventory investment, and allows us to examine the propagation of shocks between the two classes of inventory.
Surface structure of neutron stars with high magnetic fields

The equation of state of cold dense matter in strong magnetic fields is calculated in the Thomas-Fermi and Thomas-Fermi-Dirac approximations. For use in the latter calculation, a new expression is derived for the exchange energy of the uniform electron gas in a strong magnetic field. Detailed calculations of the density profile in the surface region of a neutron star are described for a variety of equations of state, and these show that the surface density profile is strongly affected by the magnetic field, irrespective of whether or not matter in a magnetic field has a condensed state bound with respect to isolated atoms. It is also shown that, as a consequence of the field dependence of the screening potential, magnetic fields can significantly increase nuclear reaction rates.
Body image disturbance and associated eating disorder and body dysmorphic disorder pathology in gay and heterosexual men: A systematic analyses of cognitive, affective, behavioral und perceptual aspects

Objective This study contributes to the quantitatively large, yet narrow in scope research on body image in gay men by assessing whether gay and heterosexual men systematically differ on various dimensions of body image disturbance and associated pathology, i.e., eating disorder and body dysmorphic disorder symptoms. Moreover, we examined the influence of general everyday discrimination experiences and involvement with the gay community on body image. Method N = 216 men (n = 112 gay men, n = 104 heterosexual men) participated in an online survey measuring the discrepancy between self-rated current and ideal body fat/ muscularity; drive for leanness, muscularity, and thinness; body satisfaction; body-related avoidance and checking; appearance fixing; overall body image disturbance; eating disorder and body dysmorphic disorder pathology; general everyday discrimination experiences; and involvement with the gay community. Results Gay men showed a greater discrepancy between self-rated current and ideal body fat; higher drive for thinness, body-related avoidance, appearance fixing, overall body image disturbance, eating disorder and body dysmorphic disorder pathology; and lower body appreciation than heterosexual men (all p ≤ .05). Contrary to expectation, everyday discrimination experiences were more strongly associated with body image disturbance and eating disorder/ body dysmorphic disorder pathology in heterosexual men than in gay men (all p ≤ .05). Gay community involvement was not associated with any body image disturbance-, ED-, or BDD aspect in gay men (all p ≥ .20). Discussion The results suggest greater body image disturbance in gay men than in heterosexual men regarding cognitions, emotions, behaviors, and perception as well as higher eating disorder and body dysmorphic disorder pathology. The results also suggest the dilemma of a thin, yet muscular body ideal in gay men. Surprisingly, discrimination experiences and involvement with the gay community did not explain differences in body image disturbance. Gay men may have become resilient to discrimination over time, and body ideals might differ across gay sub-communities.
TNF-α promoter variant (G-308A) is associated with susceptibility to P. falciparum infection and severe malaria: a meta-analysis and trial sequential analysis

Abstract Tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) plays an essential role in Plasmodium falciparum infection, with lower levels associated with susceptibility to infection and higher levels linked with organ failure in severe malaria. Genetic polymorphisms in the promoter region of the TNF-α gene (G-308A and G-238A) affect plasma TNF-α levels. Numerous case-control studies have been conducted to determine the possible association between TNF-α polymorphisms and susceptibility to malaria infection and clinical severity; however, the results are inconsistent. Various databases such as Google Scholar, Science Direct, PubMed, and Scopus were searched for relevant articles for the present meta-analysis. Data were extracted from the eligible studies based on inclusion and exclusion criteria. Meta-analysis was carried out with CMA v.3. 3.070 software, and combined odds ratio, 95% confidence interval, and p values were calculated. Further, a trial sequential analysis was also performed to test whether enough number of case and controls have been enrolled to date to draw a valid conclusion. Allele (OR = 9.757, p value=.049) and heterozygous (OR = 8.98, p value=.016) comparison model revealed the TNF-α G-308A variant as a susceptible genetic factor for P. falciparum infection. Similarly, a significant association of TNF-α G-308A polymorphism with P. falciparum malarial severity was also observed (A versus G: OR = 1.761, p value = .000; and GG + GA versus GG: OR = 1.769, p value = .000). However, no association of TNF-α (G-238A) polymorphism was observed with infection and severity of P. falciparum or Plasmodium vivax malaria. TNF-α G-308A variant is associated with susceptibility to P. falciparum infection and clinical severity. However, further studies on different populations are required.
Subsurface cylindrical object location and material inversion from GPR data-based online SVR

In this paper, an integrated approach is proposed to inverse geometrical and electrical properties of cylindrical objects buried in isotropic and homogeneous medium using Ground penetrating radar imagery. As the peak amplitude of receiving signals depend on electrical properties of objects and background, objects depth, there exist a nonlinear relationship between them. The integrated approach is composed of four steps. First, a symmetry-based algorithm is used to obtain objects depth information. Secondly, different velocity models and the root-mean-square error are applied to perform the estimation of relative permittivity of background. Thirdly, Hough transform is used to estimate the size of objects. After these, the multivariable recursive problem can be reduced to a single-variable parameter inversion task. Finally, online support vector regression is adopted to inverse the object material. The results based on simulated data demonstrate that the proposed approach can efficiently and precisely solve these problems.
Ablation of polymer films by a femtosecond high-peak-power Ti:sapphire laser at 798 nm

Femtosecond infrared pulses from an ultrashort high‐peak‐power Ti:sapphire laser were successfully utilized for ablation of polymer films such as polytetrafluoroethylene, tetrafluoro‐ ethylene‐hexafluoropropylene copolymer, and polyimide. Good agreement between experimental data and calculations from a model suggested that simultaneous absorption of three photons for polyimide and five photons for tetrafluoroethylene‐hexafluoropropylene copolymer predominated over the other absorptive channels and that such a multiphoton absorption was induced efficiently.
Comparison of the Pathogenicity of SARS-CoV-2 Delta and Omicron Variants by Analyzing the Expression Patterns of Immune Response Genes in K18-hACE2 Transgenic Mice.

BACKGROUND The recently emerged variants of the severe acute respiratory coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) pose a threat to public health. Understanding the pathogenicity of these variants is a salient factor in the development of effective SARS-CoV-2 therapeutics. This study aimed to compare the expression patterns of genes involved in immune responses in K18-hACE2 mice infected with the wild-type, Delta, and Omicron SARS-CoV-2 variants. METHODS K18-hACE2 mice were intranasally infected with either wild-type (B.1), Delta (B.1.617.2), or Omicron (B.1.1.529) variants. On day 6 post-infection, lung, brain, and kidney tissues were collected from each variant-infected group. The mRNA expression levels of 39 immune response genes in all three groups were compared by RT-qPCR. Viral titers were measured using the median tissue culture infectious dose (TCID50) assay and expressed as Log10 TCID50/0.1 g. The statistical significance of the differences in gene expression was determined by one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) (alpha = 0.05). RESULTS The expression of toll-like receptors (TLRs) was upregulated in the lung and brain tissues of the wild-type- and Delta-infected groups but not in those of the Omicron-infected group. The highest expression of cytokines, including interleukin (IL)-1α, IL-1β, IL-17α, interferon, and tumor necrosis factors, was observed in the lungs of mice infected with the wild-type variant. Additionally, CCL4, CCL11, CXCL9, and CXCL10 were upregulated (>3-fold) in wild-type-infected mice, with markedly higher expressions in the brain than in the lungs. Most of the apoptotic factors were mainly expressed in the brain tissues of Omicron-infected mice (caspase 8, caspase 9, p53, Bax, Bak, BCL-2, and Bcl-XL), whereas neither the lung nor kidney showed more than 3-fold upregulation of these apoptotic factors. CONCLUSIONS Collectively, our findings revealed that the wild-type SARS-CoV-2 variant exhibited the highest pathogenicity, followed by the Delta variant, then the Omicron variant.
Study on formulation and preparation technology of the composite cellulose-based enteric capsule shells

Abstract Objective To study the new formulation and technology of composite cellulose-based enteric capsule shell with one-time dipping molding without organic solvent. Methods Hydroxypropyl methylcellulose phthalate-55S (Hp55S) was used as the main film-forming material, agar as gelling agent, and hydroxypropyl methylcellulose (HPMC) as disintegrating regulator. The preparation technology was as follows: ① Hp55S was dissolved in dilute ammonia solution with pH of 10 ∼ 11 at room temperature to obtain transparent Hp55S solution. ② The mixture of HPMC, KCl, and Tween-80 was fully dispersed in the agar solution at 90 ∼ 100 °C and cooled to 50 ∼ 55 °C under continuous stirring to obtain a transparent agar/HPMC solution. ③The Hp55S solution was heated to 50 ∼ 55 °C and poured into the agar/HPMC solution and stirred evenly to obtain the composite cellulose solution, which was kept at 50 ∼ 55 °C for standby. ④The composite cellulose-based enteric capsule shells were prepared by dipping, spinning, drying, stripping and trimming, and joining. Results The composite cellulose-based enteric capsule shell prepared according to this formula and process met the quality requirements of ‘enterosoluble vacant capsules’ in Chinese Pharmacopeia. Conclusion Compared with the traditional formula and preparation technology of enteric capsule shell, the product is a plant type enteric capsule shell, no organic solvent is used in the formula, and the forming steps of multiple dipping solution is not used in the process. The advantages of this study are that the production steps are simplified, the production process is environmentally friendly, and the production cost is reduced.
Efficacy of technology-based interventions in psychosis: a systematic review and network meta-analysis

Abstract Background Technology-based interventions (TBIs) are a useful approach when attempting to provide therapy to more patients with psychosis. Methods Randomized controlled trials of outcomes of TBIs v. face-to-face interventions in psychosis were identified in a systematic search conducted in PubMed/Ovid MEDLINE. Data were extracted independently by two researchers, and standardized mean changes were pooled using a three-level model and network meta-analysis. Results Fifty-eight studies were included. TBIs complementing treatment as usual (TAU) were generally superior to face-to-face interventions (g = 0.16, p ≤ 0.0001) and to specific outcomes, namely, neurocognition (g = 0.13, p ≤ 0.0001), functioning (g = 0.25, p = 0.006), and social cognition (g = 0.32, p ≤ 0.05). Based on the network meta-analysis, the effect of two TBIs differed significantly from zero; these were the TBIs cognitive training for the neurocognitive outcome [g = 0.16; 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.09–0.23] and cognitive behavioral therapy for quality of life (g = 1.27; 95% CI 0.46–2.08). The variables educational level, type of medication, frequency of the intervention, and contact during the intervention moderated the effectiveness of TBIs over face-to-face interventions in neurocognition and symptomatology. Conclusions TBIs are effective for the management of neurocognition, symptomatology, functioning, social cognition, and quality of life outcomes in patients with psychosis. The results of the network meta-analysis showed the efficacy of some TBIs for neurocognition, symptomatology, and quality of life. Therefore, TBIs should be considered a complement to TAU in patients with psychosis.
Research and Optimization on BM3D Denoising Algorithm

By grouping up the similar blocks in the picture and Collaborative Filtering, BM3D gets a good denoising effect. But denoising performance declined when the noise enhanced. A reason of poor denoising effect in strong noise was put forward in this paper. Then the denoising ability of BM3D was enhanced by optimizing the parameters.BM3D is proved superior to the traditional filtering denoising algorithm and the optimized BM3D gets a better effect than the original one in strong noise in simulation.
Ray space representation for 3D image processing

This paper presents a novel 3-D image coding scheme based on the 'Ray Space' representation of 3-D spatial information. First, we give the definition of Ray Space and show that the Ray Space representation can be a common data format for the integrated 3-D visual communication. Then, we introduce the vector field in the Ray Space and propose a novel compression scheme in which the Ray Space data is compressed into the vector data on the divergent points. Finally, experimental results of the reconstruction of Ray Space data is presented.