Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
A universally acceptable smoothing factor for kernel density estimates

We define a minimum distance estimate of the smoothing factor for kernel density estimates, based on a methodology first developed by Yatracos. It is shown that if f nh denotes the kernel density estimate on R d for an i.i. d. sample of size n drawn from an unknown density f, where h is the smoothing factor, and if f n is the kernel estimate with the same kernel and with the proposed new data-based smoothing factor, then, under a regularity condition on the kernel K, formula math. This is the first published smoothing factor that can be proven to have this property.
IMPLEMENTATION OF EFFECTIVE BED ALLOCATION AND JOB SCHEDULING IN HOSPITALS USING ANT COLONY OPTIMIZATION

In this work, Ant Colony Optimization (ACO) algorithm based applications have been developed and implemented for effective bed allocation system for patients and job scheduling system for employees of hospital. For the task of assigning beds to patients, constraints considered were total number of beds available, number of beds available unoccupied, number of days of patient admission in bed i.e. discharge details, nature of treatment to be provided, nature of lab that will be utilised for diagnostics, doctors invigilating the patient, etc. The task of job scheduling to employees includes inputs like employee background and details, number of employees of similar qualification in the duty period, inpatient details, location of the employee and his department, etc. The output of the algorithm developed for the above discussed systems keeping into consideration few of the mentioned constraints were satisfactory. The outputs were simulated for different distributions and number of nodes and the results obtained were highly optimized. Providing the constraints to the algorithm, the graphical output provides efficient results reducing the cost such as money, manpower, distance travelled, time etc in a probabilistic manner and when iterated for several times the error reduces to minimum and the output generated becomes constant. The simulation time consumed after providing the inputs were completely dependent on the number of nodes and its distribution. The time consumed for a complex distribution with lesser number of nodes was higher than that of the case with greater number of uniformly distributed nodes. The work has been extended to calculate the correlation coefficient between the number of nodes and number of iterations. The implementation can also be extended to other departments present in the hospital to bring them under a common platform with their own constraints and provide effective optimization techniques individually.
Modeling distributed automation systems in cyber-physical view

With increasing complexity of automation processes, distributed automation systems are required to meet real-time constraints of control and communication for processes. On the other hand, cyber-physical system is committed for solving complexities of networked embedded systems. In the cyber-physical view, distributed systems are combination of control, computation and communication. One key research topic is to solve design complexities of industrial cyber-physical systems by applying modeling techniques. In this paper, an IEC 61499-based modeling language is propsed for industrial cyber-physical systems. Furthermore, how these modeling techniques could be beneficial for industrial cyber-physical systems are investigated. Finally, an industrial cyber-physical system design tool is implemented by applying the proposed IEC 61499-based modeling language.
Fast, Processor-Cardinality Agnostic PRNG with a Tracking Application

As vision algorithms mature with increasing inspiration from the learning community, statistically independent pseudo random number generation (PRNG) becomes increasingly important. At the same time, execution time demands have seen algorithms being implemented on evolving parallel hardware such as GPUs. The Mersenne Twister (MT) has proven to be the current state of the art for generating high quality random numbers, and the Nvidia provided software for parallel MT is in widespread use. While execution time is important, development time is also critical. As processor cardinality changes, a foundation for generating simulations that will vary only in execution time and not in the actual result is useful; otherwise the development time will be impacted. In this paper, we present an implementation of the Lagged Fibonacci Generator (LFG) considered to be of quality equal to MT on the GPU. Unlike MT, LFG has this important processor-cardinality agnostic capability -- that is -- as the number of processing resources changes, the overall sequence of random numbers remains the same. This feature not withstanding, our basic implementation is roughly as fast as the parallel MT; an in-memory version is actually 25% faster in execution time. Both parallel MT as well as parallel LFG show enormous speed up over their sequential counterparts. Finally, a prototype particle filter tracking application shows that our method works not just in parallel computing theory, but also in practice for vision applications, providing a decrease of 60% in execution time.
Commentary Empiricism and Theorizing in Epidemiology and Social Network Analysis

The connection between theory and data is an iterative one. In principle, each is informed by the other: data provide the basis for theory that in turn generates the need for new information. This circularity is reflected in the notion of abduction, a concept that focuses on the space between induction (generating theory from data) and deduction (testing theory with data). Einstein, in the 1920s, placed scientific creativity in that space. In the field of social network analysis, some remarkable theory has been developed, accompanied by sophisticated tools to develop, extend, and test the theory. At the same time, important empirical data have been generated that provide insight into transmission dynamics. Unfortunately, the connection between them is often tenuous and the iterative loop is frayed. This circumstance may arise both from data deficiencies and from the ease with which data can be created by simulation. But for whatever reason, theory and empirical data often occupy different orbits. Fortunately, the relationship, while frayed, is not broken, to which several recent analyses merging theory and extant data will attest. Their further rapprochement in the field of social network analysis could provide the field with a more creative approach to experimentation and inference.
Correlator of fundamental and anti-symmetric Wilson loops in AdS/CFT correspondence

We study the two circular Wilson loop correlator in which one is of anti-symmetric representation, while the other is of fundamental representation in 4-dimensional = 4 super Yang-Mills theory. This correlator has a good AdS dual, which is a system of a D5-brane and a fundamental string. We calculated the on-shell action of the string, and clarified the Gross-Ooguri transition in this correlator. Some limiting cases are also examined.
Twenty five year follow-up for breast cancer incidence and mortality of the Canadian National Breast Screening Study: randomised screening trial

Objective To compare breast cancer incidence and mortality up to 25 years in women aged 40-59 who did or did not undergo mammography screening. Design Follow-up of randomised screening trial by centre coordinators, the study’s central office, and linkage to cancer registries and vital statistics databases. Setting 15 screening centres in six Canadian provinces,1980-85 (Nova Scotia, Quebec, Ontario, Manitoba, Alberta, and British Columbia). Participants 89 835 women, aged 40-59, randomly assigned to mammography (five annual mammography screens) or control (no mammography). Interventions Women aged 40-49 in the mammography arm and all women aged 50-59 in both arms received annual physical breast examinations. Women aged 40-49 in the control arm received a single examination followed by usual care in the community. Main outcome measure Deaths from breast cancer. Results During the five year screening period, 666 invasive breast cancers were diagnosed in the mammography arm (n=44 925 participants) and 524 in the controls (n=44 910), and of these, 180 women in the mammography arm and 171 women in the control arm died of breast cancer during the 25 year follow-up period. The overall hazard ratio for death from breast cancer diagnosed during the screening period associated with mammography was 1.05 (95% confidence interval 0.85 to 1.30). The findings for women aged 40-49 and 50-59 were almost identical. During the entire study period, 3250 women in the mammography arm and 3133 in the control arm had a diagnosis of breast cancer, and 500 and 505, respectively, died of breast cancer. Thus the cumulative mortality from breast cancer was similar between women in the mammography arm and in the control arm (hazard ratio 0.99, 95% confidence interval 0.88 to 1.12). After 15 years of follow-up a residual excess of 106 cancers was observed in the mammography arm, attributable to over-diagnosis. Conclusion Annual mammography in women aged 40-59 does not reduce mortality from breast cancer beyond that of physical examination or usual care when adjuvant therapy for breast cancer is freely available. Overall, 22% (106/484) of screen detected invasive breast cancers were over-diagnosed, representing one over-diagnosed breast cancer for every 424 women who received mammography screening in the trial.
Computerized Planning for Multiprobe Cryosurgery using a Force-field Analogy

Cryosurgery is the destruction of undesired biological tissues by freezing. For internal organs, multiple cryoprobes are inserted into the tissue with the goal of maximizing cryoinjury within a predefined target region, while minimizing cryoinjury to the surrounding tissues. The objective of this study is to develop a computerized planning tool to determine the best locations to insert the cryoprobes, based on bioheat transfer simulations. This tool is general and suitable for all available cooling techniques and hardware. The planning procedure employs a novel iterative optimization technique based on a force-field analogy. In each iteration, a single transient bioheat transfer simulation of the cryoprocedure is computed. At the end of the simulation, regions of tissue that would have undesired temperatures apply “forces” to the cryoprobes directly moving them to better locations. This method is more efficient than traditional numerical optimization techniques, because it requires significantly fewer bioheat transfer simulations for each iteration of planning. For demonstration purposes, 2D examples on cross sections typical of prostate cryosurgery are given.
A Unifying Market Power Measure for Deregulated Transmission-Constrained Electricity Markets

Market power assessment is a prime concern when designing a deregulated electricity market. In this paper, we propose a new functional market power measure, termed transmission constrained network flow (TCNF), that unifies three large classes of transmission constrained structural market power indices in the literature: residual supply based, network flow based, and minimal generation based. Furthermore, it is suitable for demand-response and renewable integration and hence more amenable to identifying market power in the future smart grid. The measure is defined abstractly, and allows incorporation of power flow equations in multiple ways; we investigate the current market operations using a DC approximation and further explore the possibility of including detailed AC power flow models through semidefinite relaxation, and interior-point algorithms from Matpower. Finally, we provide extensive simulations on IEEE benchmark systems and highlight the complex interaction of engineering constraints with market power assessment.
Efficient real-time similarity detection for video caching and streaming

We present an enterprise-level Internet video cache and streaming system that generalizes “cache hits” to videos that are at least similar, human perception-wise. When a user requests a video not in our cache, our system starts streaming the video from the Internet, and forwards it to the user. We efficiently extract feature vectors from the incoming byte stream, comparing them to feature vectors of cached videos, all in real time. After a short period, we may decide that we have a similar video (but that is not byte-wise identical). We then stop the Internet-side download, and continue streaming to the user using the similar video instead, saving valuable resources. Our system makes similarity decisions with rates of incorrectness approaching zero, after only 30 seconds of Internet-side streaming.
Elastic service definition in computational clouds

Cloud computing is rapidly changing the landscape of traditional IT service provisioning. It presents service providers with the potential to significantly reduce initial capital investment into hardware by removing costs associated with the deployment and management of hardware resources and enabling them to lease infrastructure resources on demand from a virtually unlimited pool. This introduces a great degree of flexibility, permitting providers to pay only for the actual resources used per unit time on a “pay as you go” basis and enabling them to optimise their IT investment whilst improving the overall availability and scale of their services. In this manner, the need for overprovisioning of services to meet potential peaks in demand can be considerably reduced in favour of driving resource allocations dynamically according to the overall application workload. This however requires means of defining rules by which the service should scale and mechanisms must be provided by the infrastructure to monitor this state and enforce the rules accordingly. We discuss in this paper an elastic service definition language and service management that are developed in the context of the RESERVOIR project to facilitate dynamic service provisioning in clouds. This language builds on the Open Virtualisation Format, a DMTF standard for the packaging and deployment of virtual services, and introduces new abstractions to support service elasticity. In addition, we detail the functional requirements that the the cloud infrastructure must meet to handle these abstractions.
Architecture Based Ripple Effect Analysis: a Software Quality Maintenance Perspective

one of the major challenges for software developer is to fulfill the quality requirements of the software systems. This emphasis on, software quality has some serious implications in terms of customer satisfaction and system acceptance. On the other hand, software architecture as an artifact can be used to deal with software qualities such as maintainability, performance and reliability etc. With rapid expansion on software systems to cater to the need of automation, software intensive systems are becoming large and complex. This is enhancing our emphasis on system quality which ultimately gives rise to the need for software quality maintenance. This software quality maintenance is not without ripple effect cost. This paper is an attempt to analyse architecture based quality maintenance ripple effect and for this purpose, a process for architecture based quality maintenance ripple effect analysis is proposed. A technique for ripple effect analysis is described.
Resource Allocation for OCI Reduction in OFDM-Based Asynchronous Cellular Systems

Orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) is considered as one of the most promising techniques for next generation mobile systems. When the OFDM is applied to cellular environments, it may suffer from so-called other-cell interference (OCI). In this paper, we propose a novel resource allocation scheme in OFDM-based asynchronous cellular systems. It can reduce the OCI by exploiting the repetitive property of a cyclic prefix (CP) of OFDM symbols. The proposed scheme can be applied to OFDM-frequency division multiple access (FDMA) and OFDM-code division multiple access (CDMA) systems. Computer simulation results show that the proposed scheme can reduce the OCI by nearly up to 1 dB in a typical cellular OFDM environment, compared to the conventional scheme.
Investigation of Relaying Node Placement in Wireless Mesh Networks

The aim of this paper is to use analytical means to discover the effective functional range of a node in Wireless Mesh Networks (WMNs) and to determine the optimized position of the relaying node when placed between two mesh routers in WMNs. A simple source to destination model with two transmission distance schemes and simple relaying node model with three relaying node position schemes were designed for analyzing the network capacity. The main results are achieved by analyzing the capacity of network model and simulation programs are also developed in OPNET Modeler. The main contribution of the paper is analytically to show the relaying node can operate to forward packets to receiver when the relaying node is deployed within the range of both transmitter and receiver when the receiver is deployed out of the range of the transmitter. It also shows that in the relaying node functional area, the maximum capacity could be achieved when the relaying node is deployed in the middle between the transmitter and the receiver.
A Review of Time-Scale Modification of Music Signals †

Time-scale modification (TSM) is the task of speeding up or slowing down an audio signal’s playback speed without changing its pitch. In digital music production, TSM has become an indispensable tool, which is nowadays integrated in a wide range of music production software. Music signals are diverse—they comprise harmonic, percussive, and transient components, among others. Because of this wide range of acoustic and musical characteristics, there is no single TSM method that can cope with all kinds of audio signals equally well. Our main objective is to foster a better understanding of the capabilities and limitations of TSM procedures. To this end, we review fundamental TSM methods, discuss typical challenges, and indicate potential solutions that combine different strategies. In particular, we discuss a fusion approach that involves recent techniques for harmonic-percussive separation along with time-domain and frequency-domain TSM procedures.
Children's Recognition of their own Voice: Influence of Phonological Impairment

This study explores the ability to identify the recorded voice as one’s own, in three groups of children: one group of children with phonological impairment (PI) and two groups of children with typical speech and language development; 4-5 year-olds and 7-8 year-olds. High average performance rates in all three groups suggest that these children indeed recognize their recorded voice as their own, with no significant difference between the groups. Signs indicating that children with deviant speech use their speech deviance as a cue to identifying their own voice are discussed. Index Terms: children, speech perception, phonological impairment
Coronary Microvascular Rarefaction and Myocardial Fibrosis in Heart Failure With Preserved Ejection Fraction

Background— Characterization of myocardial structural changes in heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF) has been hindered by the limited availability of human cardiac tissue. Cardiac hypertrophy, coronary artery disease (CAD), coronary microvascular rarefaction, and myocardial fibrosis may contribute to HFpEF pathophysiology. Methods and Results— We identified HFpEF patients (n=124) and age-appropriate control subjects (noncardiac death, no heart failure diagnosis; n=104) who underwent autopsy. Heart weight and CAD severity were obtained from the autopsy reports. With the use of whole-field digital microscopy and automated analysis algorithms in full-thickness left ventricular sections, microvascular density (MVD), myocardial fibrosis, and their relationship were quantified. Subjects with HFpEF had heavier hearts (median, 538 g; 169% of age-, sex-, and body size–expected heart weight versus 335 g; 112% in controls), more severe CAD (65% with ≥1 vessel with >50% diameter stenosis in HFpEF versus 13% in controls), more left ventricular fibrosis (median % area fibrosis, 9.6 versus 7.1) and lower MVD (median 961 versus 1316 vessels/mm2) than control (P<0.0001 for all). Myocardial fibrosis increased with decreasing MVD in controls (r=–0.28, P=0.004) and HFpEF (r=–0.26, P=0.004). Adjusting for MVD attenuated the group differences in fibrosis. Heart weight, fibrosis, and MVD were similar in HFpEF patients with CAD versus without CAD. Conclusions— In this study, patients with HFpEF had more cardiac hypertrophy, epicardial CAD, coronary microvascular rarefaction, and myocardial fibrosis than controls. Each of these findings may contribute to the left ventricular diastolic dysfunction and cardiac reserve function impairment characteristic of HFpEF.
Impact of seawater carbonate chemistry on the calcification of marine bivalves

Abstract. Bivalve calcification, particularly of the early larval stages, is highly sensitive to the change in ocean carbonate chemistry resulting from atmospheric CO2 uptake. Earlier studies suggested that declining seawater [CO32−] and thereby lowered carbonate saturation affect shell production. However, disturbances of physiological processes such as acid-base regulation by adverse seawater pCO2 and pH can affect calcification in a secondary fashion. In order to determine the exact carbonate system component by which growth and calcification are affected it is necessary to utilize more complex carbonate chemistry manipulations. As single factors, pCO2 had no effects and [HCO3-] and pH had only limited effects on shell growth, while lowered [CO32−] strongly impacted calcification. Dissolved inorganic carbon (CT) limiting conditions led to strong reductions in calcification, despite high [CO32−], indicating that [HCO3-] rather than [CO32−] is the inorganic carbon source utilized for calcification by mytilid mussels. However, as the ratio [HCO3-] / [H+] is linearly correlated with [CO32−] it is not possible to differentiate between these under natural seawater conditions. An equivalent of about 80 μmol kg−1 [CO32−] is required to saturate inorganic carbon supply for calcification in bivalves. Below this threshold biomineralization rates rapidly decline. A comparison of literature data available for larvae and juvenile mussels and oysters originating from habitats differing substantially with respect to prevailing carbonate chemistry conditions revealed similar response curves. This suggests that the mechanisms which determine sensitivity of calcification in this group are highly conserved. The higher sensitivity of larval calcification seems to primarily result from the much higher relative calcification rates in early life stages. In order to reveal and understand the mechanisms that limit or facilitate adaptation to future ocean acidification, it is necessary to better understand the physiological processes and their underlying genetics that govern inorganic carbon assimilation for calcification.