Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Eﬀicient Algorithms for Non-convex Isotonic Regression through Submodular Optimization

We consider the minimization of submodular functions subject to ordering constraints. We show that this optimization problem can be cast as a convex optimization problem on a space of uni-dimensional measures, with ordering constraints corresponding to ﬁrst-order stochastic dominance. We propose new discretization schemes that lead to simple and eﬃcient algorithms based on zero-th, ﬁrst, or higher order oracles; these algorithms also lead to improvements without isotonic constraints. Finally, our experiments show that non-convex loss functions can be much more robust to outliers for isotonic regression, while still leading to an eﬃcient optimization problem.
Eﬃcient Fronthaul and Backhaul Connectivity for IoT Traﬃc in Rural Areas

In this paper, internet of things (IoT) connectivity in rural areas is investigated. Both fronthaul and backhaul considerations are studied. First, intelligent radio resource management (RRM) and network planning techniques are discussed for IoT access/fronthaul networks. The proposed RRM scheduling approach was shown to lead to good performance in scheduling IoT devices. Then, several backhauling techniques for providing connectivity to rural areas are investigated and their cost eﬃciency is analyzed. Techniques based on free space optics with solar powered devices are found to be a suitable backhaul solution
Journal of Integral Sciences [JIS] [An International Open Access Journal]

Sustained release is a method to reduce therapeutic drugs side effects by preventing the therapeutic concentration of the drug from fluctuating in the body. Sustained release is used to describe a pharmaceutical dosage form formulated to retard the release of therapeutic drug so that it remains in the systemic circulation for prolonged time and its plasma profile is sustained in duration. Sustained release drug delivery system has been formulated in form of tablets to slow down release of drug from tablets. It works on various mechanisms to control the release rate of drugs. Formulation approaches that have been utilized are drug dissolution, drug diffusion, matrix erosion. Present review work deals with the different aspect of the sustained release tablets.
Comparison of the imaginary part of the atmospheric 1 refractive index structure parameter and aerosol flux based 2 on different measurement methods 3

: The complexity of aerosol particle properties and the diversity of characterizations make 14 aerosol vertical transport flux measurements and analysis difficult. Although there are different 15 methods, such as aerosol particle number concentration flux and aerosol mass flux based on the eddy 16 covariance principle, and aerosol mass flux measurements based on the light-propagated large-17 aperture scintillation principle, there is a lack of mutual validation among the different methods. In 18 this paper, a comparison of aerosol mass flux measurements based on the eddy covariance principle 19 and aerosol mass flux measurements based on the light-propagated large aperture scintillation 20 principle is carried out. The key idea of aerosol mass flux measurements based on the light-21 propagated large-aperture scintillation principle is the determination of the imaginary part of the 22 atmospheric equivalent refractive index structure parameter (AERISP). In this paper, we will first 23 compare the AERISPs measured by two different methods and then compare the aerosol mass 24 vertical transport fluxes obtained by different methods. The experiments were conducted on the 25 campus of the University of Science and Technology of China (USTC). The light propagation 26 experiment was carried out between two tall buildings to obtain the imaginary and real parts of 27 AERISPs for the whole path, which in turn can be used to obtain the aerosol vertical transport flux. 28 An updated visibility meter is installed on the meteorological tower in the middle of the light path, 29 which is utilized to obtain the single-point visibility, which is then converted to the imaginary part 30 of the atmospheric equivalent refractive index (AERI). The imaginary parts of the AERISP were 31 obtained using spectral analysis with visibility data. The results show that the imaginary parts of the 32 AERISPs obtained by different methods are in good agreement. The imaginary part of the AERI 33 measured by the visibility meter and the vertical wind speed obtained by the ultrasonic anemometer 34 were used for covariance calculation to obtain the aerosol vertical transport flux. The trends of 35 aerosol vertical transport fluxes obtained by different methods are consistent, and there are 36 differences in some details, which may be caused by the inhomogeneity of the vertical transport of 37 aerosol fluxes. The experimental results also show that urban green land is a sink area for aerosol 38 particles.
SMEs’ Digital Transformation: A Bibliometric Analysis

Digital transformation is a rapidly growing trend among Small and Medium-sized enterprises (SMEs), enabling them to keep up with the ever-changing business landscape. The objective of this paper is to present a bibliometric analysis of 512 academic research documents on the integration of digital transformation of SMEs using R-Studio and VOS viewer software. The findings suggest that research in this field has made significant progress in the past seven years, and Peter Mk is the most influential author, while Germany is the country with the greatest influence in all aspects of this field. Results also show that the most relevant university is Lut University, and the most relevant journal is Sustainability.
QUACK: Hindering Deserialization Attacks via Static Duck Typing

—Managed languages facilitate convenient ways for serializing objects, allowing applications to persist and transfer them easily, yet this feature opens them up to attacks. By manipulating serialized objects, attackers can trigger a chained execution of existing code segments, using them as gadgets to form an exploit. Protecting deserialization calls against attacks is cumbersome and tedious, leading to many developers avoiding deploying defenses properly. We present Q UACK , a framework for automatically protecting applications by fixing calls to deseri-alization APIs. This “binding” limits the classes allowed for usage in the deserialization process, severely limiting the code available for (ab)use as part of exploits. Q UACK computes the set of classes that should be allowed using a novel static duck typing inference technique. In particular, it statically collects all statements in the program code that manipulate objects after they are deserialized, and puts together a filter for the list of classes that should be available at runtime. We have implemented Q UACK for PHP and evaluated it on a set of applications with known CVEs, and popular applications crawled from GitHub. Q UACK managed to fix the applications in a way that prevented any attempt at automatically generating an exploit against them, by blocking, on average, 97% of the application’s code that could be used as gadgets. We submitted a sample of three fixes generated by Q UACK as pull requests, and their developers merged them.
Financial Sentiment Analysis: Techniques and Applications

Financial Sentiment Analysis (FSA) is an important domain application of sentiment analysis that has gained increasing attention in the past decade. FSA research falls into two main streams. The first stream focuses on defining tasks and developing techniques for FSA, and its main objective is to improve the performances of various FSA tasks by advancing methods and using/curating human-annotated datasets. The second stream of research focuses on using financial sentiment, implicitly or explicitly, for downstream applications on financial markets, which has received more research efforts. The main objective is to discover appropriate market applications for existing techniques. More specifically, the application of FSA mainly includes hypothesis testing and predictive modeling in financial markets. This survey conducts a comprehensive review of FSA research in both the technique and application areas and proposes several frameworks to help understand the two areas’ interactive relationship. This article defines a clearer scope for FSA studies and conceptualizes the FSA-investor sentiment-market sentiment relationship. Major findings, challenges, and future research directions for both FSA techniques and applications have also been summarized and discussed.
Life cycle dynamics of Greenland blocking from a potential vorticity perspective

Blocking over Greenland has substantial impacts on surface weather in particular over Europe and North America, and can increase melting of the Greenland Ice Sheet. Climate models notoriously underestimate the frequency of blocking over Greenland in historical periods, but the reasons for this are not entirely clear, as we are still lacking a full dynamical understanding of Greenland blocking from formation through maintenance to decay. This study investigates the dynamics of blocking life cycles over Greenland based on ERA5 reanalysis data from 1979–2021. A year-round weather regime definition 5 allows us to identify Greenland blocking as consistent life cycles with an objective onset, maximum, and decay stage. By applying a new quasi-Lagrangian potential vorticity (PV) perspective, following the negative, upper-tropospheric PV anomalies (PVAs − ) associated with the block, we examine and quantify the contribution from different physical processes, including dry and moist dynamics, to the evolution of the PVA − amplitude. We find that PVAs − linked to blocking do not form locally over Greenland but propagate into the region along two distinct 10 pathways (termed "upstream" and" retrogression") during the days before the onset. Remarkably, the development of PVAs − differs more between the pathways than between seasons. Moist processes play a key role in the amplification of PVAs − before the onset and are linked to midlatitude warm conveyor belts. Interestingly, we find moist processes supporting the westward propagation of retrograding PVAs − from Europe, too, previously thought to be a process dominated by dry-barotropic Rossby wave propagation. After onset, moist processes remain the main contribution to PVA − amplification and maintenance. How-15 ever, moist processes weaken markedly after the maximum stage and dry processes, i.e. barotropic, non-linear wave dynamics, dominate the decay of the PVAs − accompanied by a general decrease in blocking area. Our results corroborate the importance of moist processes in the formation and maintenance of Greenland blocking, and suggest that a correct representation of moist processes might help reducing forecast errors linked to blocking in numerical weather prediction models and blocking biases in climate models.
� antifying the Relationships between Everyday Objects and Emotional States through Deep Learning Based Image Analysis Using Smartphones

There has been an increasing interest in the problem of inferring emotional states of individuals using sensor and user-generated information as diverse as GPS traces, social media data and smartphone interaction patterns. One aspect that has received little attention is the use of visual context information extracted from the surroundings of individuals and how they relate to it. In this paper, we present an observational study of the relationships between the emotional states of individuals and objects present in their visual environment automatically extracted from smartphone images using deep learning techniques. We developed MyMood, a smartphone application that allows users to periodically log their emotional state together with pictures from their everyday lives, while passively gathering sensor measurements. We conducted an in-the-wild study with 22 participants and collected 3,305 mood reports with photos. Our � ndings show context-dependent associations between objects surrounding individuals and self-reported emotional state intensities. The applications of this work are potentially many, from the design of interior and outdoor spaces to the development of intelligent applications for positive behavioral intervention, and more generally for supporting computational psychology studies
Preference-Guided Bayesian Optimization for Control Policy Learning: Application to Personalized Plasma Medicine

This paper investigates the adaptation of control policies for personalized dose delivery in plasma medicine using preference-learning based Bayesian optimization. Preference learning empowers users to incorporate their preferences or domain expertise during the exploration of optimal control policies, which often results in fast attainment of personalized treat-ment outcomes. We establish that, compared to multi-objective Bayesian optimization (BO), preference-guided BO oﬀers statistically faster convergence and computes solutions that better reﬂect user preferences. Moreover, it enables users to actively provide feedback during the policy search procedure, which helps to focus the search in sub-regions of the search space likely to contain preferred local optima. Our ﬁndings highlight the suitability of preference-learning-based BO for adapting control policies in plasma treatments, where both user preferences and swift convergence are of paramount importance
Gender-Fair (Machine) Translation

Recent years have seen an increased visibility of non-binary people in public discourse. Ac-cordingly, gender-fair language strategies that go beyond a binary conception of gender have been proposed. Such strategies pose a challenge for both translators and machine translation (MT), and gender-fair (machine) translation represents a relatively novel research ﬁeld. With this survey and discussion, we hope to provide a starting point for this ﬁeld and contribute a detailed overview of (machine) translation strategies to counteract the misrepresentation of an individual’s gender. The results show that gender-fair translation studies (TS) approaches largely focus on media translation, such as sub-titles or news articles, and the MT results show that the need to include non-binary debiasing methods is increasingly acknowledged, however, hardly ever implemented. Ideas on a closer mutually beneﬁcial interaction between MT and translation studies are presented to advance multilingual gender-fair language use.
METHOD FOR QUANTIFYING ADVECTION, TURBULENT MIXING, AND GRAVITATIONAL SETTLING OF RIVER-BORNE SUSPENDED SEDIMENTS IN COASTAL AREAS FROM THERMOHALINE AND OPTICAL MEASUREMENTS

This work presents an original method for quantifying advection and turbulent mixing of river-borne suspended sediments. The main idea of the method consists in joint analysis of surface distributions of salinity and sediment concentration in coastal areas influenced by river discharge. Basing on the Lagrangian approach we represent a river plume as a set of individual water particles, which inflow from a river mouth, mix with ambient sea water during their motion within a river plume and finally dissipate. Surface salinity and sediment concentration of a particle provides information about its turbulent mixing with undelaying ambient sea waters and gravitational settling of its sediments respectively during the period from its origin in the river estuary till the moment of measurement. Using these integrated Lagrangian characteristics calculated for the whole study area we reconstruct advection streamlines within the river plume and ratio between turbulent mixing and gravitational settling of river-borne suspended sediments. This method was applied to coastal areas situated in the north-eastern part of the Black Sea and the western part of the Philippine Sea. High resolution thermohaline and sediment concentration data were collected using a pump-through system equipped by a CTD instrument and a turbidity sensor.
Topographical heterogeneity governs species distribution and regeneration potential by mediating soil attributes in Western Himalayan forests

18 The present study is an attempt to understand variation in species composition 19 and diversity and soil properties along topographic gradients in Western Himalayan reserve 20 forests (400-3000m asl). To analyze changes in floristic composition, diversity, and 21 regeneration status, we measured woody vegetation in forest plots at different altitudinal levels 22 and contrasting aspects (North and south). Trees (diameter at breast height (DBH)>10cm) and 23 saplings (3-10cm DBH) were sampled in 10m×10m plots, shrubs were sampled in 5m×5m 24 plots and seedlings (0-3cm DBH) were sampled in 1m×1m plots. To study variation in soil 25 properties, samples were collected from each forest stand in five replicates from layers of 0-26 10cm, 10-20cm, and 20-30cm in soil depths. Canonical Correspondence Analysis (CCA) was 27 applied to identify important factors that govern species distribution. Variance partitioning was 28 conducted to quantify the relative contribution of elevation, slope aspect, vegetation attributes, 29 and soil properties on regeneration potential of tree species. We found that environmental 30 filtering shapes local species composition and associated edaphic factors in the region. Species 31 richness and diversity were found to decrease with elevation. Soil properties (Organic Carbon, 32 pH, and texture) and associated vegetation parameters did not vary significantly between the 33 aspects. CCA confirmed that species composition was positively related to moisture content 34 and available phosphorous at higher elevations, while reduced weathering rates and bulk 35 density at lower elevations might have caused relatively lower nutrient turnover rates. Our 36 study concludes that topographical variation and increased sum of soil nutrients are highly 37 favorable for growth and development of plant species.
River Meuse suspended sediment yield: a new estimate and past estimates revisited by P.J. Ward

P.J. Ward disagrees with the conclusions of the above-mentioned authors, in large part because he finds no adequate explanation for the increase in load during the past century. He argues that there has been no climatic change, no increase in rainfall intensity, and no soil utilization changes that can explain such variations in suspended sediment yield. He concludes that the changes are without significance because the data reflect either inter-annual variability or differences in methodologies.
New luminescence ages reveal Early to Middle Weichselian deposits in central Latvia

New optically stimulated luminescence (OSL) ages show that sandy deposits overlain by Late Weichselian subglacial till in central Latvia are of Early to Middle Weichselian age. The finer chronological resolution of unconsolidated sediment deposition in the Central Latvian Lowland (CLL) remains relatively unstudied, and here we provide a first characterisation of the deposits with respect to their age. Three OSL ages ranging between 84 ± 9 ka and 112 ± 11 ka suggest that the deposits studied in the CLL are of Early Weichselian age (MIS 5). We found no Middle Weichselian deposits in the CLL, and assume that any such younger sediments might have been eroded during the advance of the Zemgale Lobe in the Late Weichselian. One site, in the ice-marginal zone adjacent to the interlobate area, has nevertheless deposits dated to 44 ± 10 ka corresponding to the Middle Weichselian (MIS 3). Our results are compatible with existing ESR ages on three sets of Portlandia arctica shells from the central part of the lowland; the shells had been incorporated into glacial deposits during later glacial advances. Finally, our findings largely support ice-free conditions during the Early and Middle Weichselian in the middle and southern part of central Latvia.
Factors Influencing Intention and Behaviour of Agricultural Extension Staff Concerting Post-Covid-19 Digital Technical Guidance: A Study in Yogyakarta, Indonesia

Agriculture extension staffs are encouraged to attempt more efficient methods to enhance their competency through digital webinars or technical guidance, in Bahasa Bimbingan Teknis (Bimtek) programs. The research aims to explore factors influencing the intention and behavior of agricultural extension staff towards the Technical guidance online Ministry of Agriculture in Special Region Yogyakarta, Indonesia. This research included the Behavior Intention (BI) and Use Behavior (UB) models with significant construct. The research used the quantitative method and analyzed PLS-SEM. One hundred eighty extension staffs participated, chiefly 34-42 years old. All of the indicators passed the outer model assessment. The analysis results conclude that significant effects are Attitude to BI, Control Behavior to BI, Perceived Usefulness to BI, and Behavior Intention to UB. The perception of extension staffs about Technical guidance online can enhance their performance to continue using it in obtaining agricultural technology information, extension materials, information on agricultural policies, and the latest agricultural development programs. The insignificant constructs are Subjective Norm, Motivation, and Perceived Ease to Use. The validated research model explains 61% of the variance (R2 = 0.61) in Attitude, Perceived Usefulness, and Control Behaviour towards Behavior Intention (BI). Moreover, BI explains 8.9% of the variance (R2 = 0.089) in UB of Technical guidance online. This research found that BI and UB have Q2 values of 0.538 and 0.077. The practical implication could be applied as preliminary development planning studies to enhance the efficiency of Technical guidance online as Bank Data.
Lung Function Abnormalities in Sickle Cell Anaemia

Background Abnormalities in lung function tests have been shown to commonly occur in a majority of patients with sickle cell disease (SCD) even at steady state. The prevalence and pattern of these lung function abnormalities have been described in other populations but this is unknown among our sickle cell cohort. There is generally little information available on risk factors associated with the lung function abnormalities and its relevance in patient care. Method This was an analytical cross-sectional study involving 76 clinically stable, hydroxyurea-naive adult Hb-SS participants and 76 nonsickle cell disease (non-SCD) controls. A structured questionnaire was used to obtain sociodemographic data and clinical history of the participants. Investigations performed included spirometry, pulse oximetry, tricuspid regurgitant jet velocity (TRV) measurements via echocardiogram, complete blood counts, free plasma haemoglobin, serum urea, and creatinine. Results Weight, BMI, mean FVC, and FEV1% predicted values were comparatively lower among the Hb-SS patients (p < 0.001). Abnormal spirometry outcome occurred in 70.4% of Hb-SS patients, predominantly restrictive defects (p < 0.001), and showed no significant association with steady-state Hb, WBC count, free plasma haemoglobin, frequency of sickling crisis, chronic leg ulcers, and TRV measurements (p > 0.05). The mean oxygen saturation was comparatively lower among Hb-SS patients (p < 0.001). Conclusion Measured lung volumes were significantly lower in Hb-SS patients when compared to non-SCD controls and this difference was not influenced by anthropometric variance. Lung function abnormalities, particularly restrictive defects, are prevalent in Hb-SS patients but showed no significant association with recognized markers of disease severity.