Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Where do the Progenitors of Millisecond Pulsars come from

Observations of a large population of Millisecond Pulsars (MSPs) show a wide divergence in the orbital periods (from approximately hours to a few months). In the standard view, Low-Mass X-Ray Binaries (LMXBs) are considered as progenitors for some MSPs during the recycling process. We present a systematic study that combines different types of compact objects in binaries such as Cataclysmic Variables (CVs), LMXBs and MSPs. We plot them together in the so called Corbet diagram. Larger and different samples are needed to better constrain the result as a function of the environment and formations. A scale diagram showing the distribution of MSPs for different orbital periods and the aspects for their progenitors relying on Accretion Induced Collapse (AIC) of white dwarfs in binaries. Thus massive CVs (M >1.1M\odot) can play a vital role on binary evolution, as well as of the physical processes involved in the formation and evolution of neutron stars and their magnetic fields, and could turn into binary MSPs with different scales of orbital periods; this effect can be explained by the AIC process. This scenario also suggests that some fraction of isolated MSPs in the Galactic disk could be formed through the same channel, formingthe contribution of some CVs to the single-degenerate progenitors of Type Ia supernova. Furthermore, we have refined the statistical distribution and evolution by using updated data. This implies that the significant studies of compact objects in binary systems can benefit from the Corbet diagram.
Microwave readout of Majorana qubits

Majorana qubits offer a promising way to store and manipulate quantum information by encoding it into the state of Majorana zero modes. As the information is stored in a topological property of the system, local noise cannot lead to decoherence. Manipulation of the information is achieved by braiding the zero modes. The measurement, however, is challenging as the information is well hidden and thus inherently hard to access. Here, we discuss a setup for measuring the state of a Majorana qubit by employing standard tools of microwave engineering. The basic physical effect that we employ is the fact that a voltage-biased Josephson junction hosting Majorana fermions allows photons to be emitted and absorbed at half the Josephson frequency. We show that in the dispersive regime, our setup allows us to perform a quantum nondemolition measurement and to reach the quantum limit. An appealing feature of our setup is that the interaction of the Majorana qubit with the measurement device can be turned on and off at will by changing the dc bias of the junction.
Piecewise straightening and Lipschitz simplicial volume

We study the Lipschitz simplicial volume, which is a metric version of the simplicial volume. We introduce the piecewise straightening procedure for singular chains, which allows us to generalize the proportionality principle and the product inequality to the case of complete Riemannian manifolds of finite volume with sectional curvature bounded from above. We obtain also yet another proof of the proportionality principle in the compact case by a direct approximation of the smearing map.
Determinants of Behavioral Intention to Use E-Government in Thailand: Mediating Role of Perceived Value of E-Government

The aim of this study was to know about the impact of social influence (SI), trust worthiness (TW), degree of openness (DO), technological risks (TR) and facilitating conditions (FC) on behavioral intention to use (BIU). This paper also aims to know the mediating role that perceived value of E-governance (PVG). This study was conducted in Thailand. Out of the total 292 respondents of this research, 112 were male and 180 respondents were females, which means that majority of the respondents were females. Â Out of the total 292 respondents of this research, twenty-three of the respondents had completed their graduation, one hundred and thirty-six respondents had completed their post-graduation, one hundred and twenty-three respondents had completed their masters and ten respondents had other degrees. Â Out of the total 292 respondents, 230 of the respondents were between the age of 21 to 30 years, 42 were in the age range of 31 to 40 years, 18 were between the age of 41 to 50 years, and lastly 2 were more than 50 years old in age. Â The research showed that the impact of FC and SI is positive and significant on BIU. Whereas, TR, DO and TW have insignificant impact on BIU. The study also proposed that the mediating role of PVG is significant between FC, TW, TR and BIU is significant. Whereas, the mediating role of PVG between DO, SI and BIU is insignificant.
Patients’ Experiences with Nutritional Care during Hospitalization and Proposals for Improvement

Background: Disease-related malnutrition is prevalent among hospitalized patients and further deterioration is seen during hospitalization. Objectives: The aim of this study was to investigate hospitalized patients’ experiences regarding nutritional care during their hospitalization and to come up with suggestions for improvement. Methods: The design was a qualitative interview study using a semi-structured interview guide. Participants were inpatients at nutritional risk recruited by nurses and dieticians from 31 units at a Danish University Hospital. Findings: Fifty-four patients were included. The content analysis identified three main themes: 1) Experiences with nutritional care, 2) Facilitators and barriers for sufficient food intake during hospital stay and 3) Proposals for improvement regarding nutritional care. Some participants were satisfied with the nutritional care, while other were dissatisfied. Facilitators improving food intake were the presentation of the food, the smell of the food, favorable food products, eating in the living room, a manned snack trolley and the social aspect of eating together with both relatives and fellow patients. Barriers were the presentation and smell of the food, disturbing fellow patients and the implication of care activities in patient rooms during meals, lack of social eating and nutritional impact symptoms. Some patients missed having their diet intake recorded, as they found it important during admission, and to have a dialog about insufficient food intake with nurses or dieticians. Proposals for improvement include dialogue about food and difficulty of eating, as well as better food quality. Finally, a proposal was to individualize and visualize the menu of the day, ordering and diet recording. Conclusions: Some patients were satisfied with the nutritional care during their hospitalization, while others were dissatisfied. Suggestions for improvement to optimize nutritional care in hospitals were improved dialog with staff about nutrition including monitoring nutrition intake, and an individualized and visualized menu.
Progress and Development of Cytokines Therapy

Cytokines are known as a group of protein messengers released by infected cells. This process takes place at the cell membrane: the cytokines bind with the specific receptors to present a signal to warn the existence of invaders and activate the defender to destroy the invaders and prevent further separation. After a long history of discovery and evolution, cytokines are now regarded as an effective cancer therapy and an important basis for new medicine development. Although the bottlenecks of the cytokines still exist, scientists are studying new developments to avoid some potential risks and problems, and achieve higher improvement on the existing basis. The possible future development in the field also has great expectancy. By combining various methods, the efficacy of drugs can be significantly improved, and some side effects can be avoided; by combining nanotechnology and light control technology, drugs can achieve specific and targeted treatment. This overview of the progress and development of cytokines includes the introduction of types and mechanisms of typical types of cytokines, application of cytokines in the therapy of specific cancer, the bottleneck of the present stage of cytokines, and possible directions of future improvement.
Unstable mass-outflows in geometrically thick accretion flows around black holes

Accretion flows around black holes generally result in mass-outflows that exhibit irregular behavior quite often. Using 2D time-dependent hydrodynamical calculations, we show that the mass-outflow is unstable in the cases of thick accretion flows such as the low angular momentum accretion flow and the advection-dominated accretion flow. For the low angular momentum flow, the inward accreting matter on the equatorial plane interacts with the outflowing gas along the rotational axis and the centrifugally supported oblique shock is formed at the interface of both the flows, when the viscosity parameter $\alpha$ is as small as $\alpha \le 10^{-3}$. The hot and rarefied blobs, which result in the eruptive mass-outflow, are generated in the inner shocked region and grow up toward the outer boundary. The advection-dominated accretion flow attains finally in the form of a torus disc with the inner edge of the disc at $3R_{\rm g} \le r \le 6R_{\rm g}$ and the center at $6R_ {\rm g} \le r \le 10R_{\rm g}$, and a series of hot blobs is intermittently formed near the inner edge of the torus and grows up along the outer surface of the torus. As a result, the luminosity and the mass-outflow rate are modulated irregularly where the luminosity is enhanced by 10-40% and the mass-outflow rate is increaed by a factor of few up to ten. We interpret the unstable nature of the outflow to be due to the Kelvin-Helmholtz instability, examining the Richardson number for the Kelvin-Helmholtz criterion in the inner region of the flow. We propose that the flare phenomena of Sgr A* may be induced by the unstable mass-outflow as is found in this work.
A survey of lens spaces and large scale CMB anisotropy

The cosmic microwave background (CMB) anisotropy possesses the remarkable property that its power is strongly suppressed on large angular scales. This observational fact can naturally be explained by cosmological models with a non-trivial topology. The paper focuses on lens spaces L(p, q) which are realised by a tessellation of the spherical 3-space S 3 by cyclic Deck groups of order p 6 72. The investigated cosmological parameter space covers the interval tot 2 [1.001,1.05]. Several spaces are found which have CMB correlations on angular scales # > 60 ◦ suppressed by a factor of two compared to the simply-connected S 3 space. The analysis is based on the S statistics, and a comparison to the WMAP 7yr data is carried out. Although the ~
Low Interface Trapped Charge Density for AlO/β-GaO (001) Metal-Insulator-Semiconductor Capacitor

In this letter, high-performance Al2O3/<inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\beta$ </tex-math></inline-formula>-Ga2O3 (001) metal-insulator-semiconductor (MIS) capacitor has been demonstrated. The capacitance-voltage (C–V) curves of the Al2O3/<inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\beta$ </tex-math></inline-formula>-Ga2O3 (001) MIS capacitor remain stable under different measurement frequencies. The leakage current density is lower than <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$2.0 \times 10^{-8}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> A/cm2 when the gate voltage is in the range of −5~13 V. The fixed charge and trapped charge densities in Al2O3 film are <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$4.4 \times 10^{12}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> and <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$6.0 \times 10^{11}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> cm−2, respectively. Average and minimum interface trapped charge density (<inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">${\mathrm {D}}_{it}$ </tex-math></inline-formula>) for Al2O3/<inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\beta$ </tex-math></inline-formula>-Ga2O3 (001) interface has been extracted to be as low as <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$3.3 \times 10^{11}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> and <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$2.3 \times 10^{11}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> cm−2 eV−1 via the Terman method, respectively. The low <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">${\mathrm {D}}_{it}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> is probably attributed to the modification of vacancy defects and the introduction of hydroxyl groups at the Al2O3/<inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\beta$ </tex-math></inline-formula>-Ga2O3 (001) interface after piranha solution pretreatment for <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\beta$ </tex-math></inline-formula>-Ga2O3.
Evaluation of two bio-fungicides for control of leaf rust (Puccinia triticina Eriks.) on durum wheat cultivar CIRNO C 2008

Leaf, stem, and stripe rusts are the most important diseases of wheat worldwide. In southern Sonora, Mexico, leaf rust is endemic and has caused serious epiphytotics; proper control relies on breeding for resistance and fungicide applications. The extensive utilization of chemicals to control diseases of plants, the emergence of resistant phytopathogens to fungicides, and the damage to the health of producers and consumers, has promoted the search for viable alternatives that guaranty a sustainable agriculture production, minimizing the impact on the environment. In this work, the biofungicides Roya Out® and Best Ultra®F were evaluated for control of leaf rust on cultivar CIRNO C2008, under a randomized complete block experimental design with three replications. After one application of the biofungicides and the inoculation with a urediniospore suspension, two other applications were carried out. Disease severity was evaluated following Cobb´s modified scale and the analysis of variance was performed with SAS, and the mean comparison with Duncan´s multiple range test (α = 0.05). Other variables measured were: spike length and weight, number of grains per spike, grain length and weight, a thousand grain weight, and grain yield per plot. The disease showed up during the soft dough stage and disease severity was 32% for plots treated with Best Ultra®F, 27% with Roya Out®, and 25% in the untreated check plots. Despite the infection, the highest grain yield estimated was obtained from plots treated with Roya Out® (7.22 t ha-1), followed by Best Ultra®F (7.03), and the untreated check (6.12 t ha-1).
Coordination of Mixed Platoons and Eco-Driving Strategy for a Signal-Free Intersection

This paper investigates the collaborative control of vehicular traffic for a signal-free intersection. The traffic under consideration is mixed with connected autonomous vehicles (CAVs) and human-piloted vehicles with advanced driver assistance systems (ADAS). The proposed collaborative control is of two levels. At the upper level, the objective is to minimize total delay via platoon control and dynamic priority control of conflicting movements. We formulate the platoon coordination of mixed traffic as a mixed-integer linear programming problem (MILP). This MILP determines whether adjacent vehicles will form a platoon and prioritize any two conflicting movements subject to lateral safety and rear-end safety constraints. At the lower level, we propose an eco-driving strategy to minimize the energy consumption by optimizing the speed profile of the platoon leading vehicles subject to the dynamic priority control from the upper level, i.e., the entry time to the merging zone. We deduce an analytical solution to the eco-driving problem using optimal control theory. Compared with existing benchmarks, such as the first-come-first-served policy, the proposed method outperforms the state-of-the-art controllers in reducing the total delay. Sensitivity analysis regarding the penetration rate of CAVs shows that substantial improvements can be achieved even at low to medium penetration rates of CAVs.
Two Power-Law States of the Ultraluminous X-Ray Source IC 342 X-1

In order to elucidate the emission properties of ultraluminous X-ray sources (ULXs) during their power-law (PL) state, we examined long-term X-ray spectral data of IC 342 X-1 during its PL state by using our own Suzaku data and archival data by XMM-Newton, Chandra, and Swift observations. The PL state of this source seems to be classified into two sub-states in terms of the X-ray luminosities in the 0.5–10 keV band: the low-luminosity PL state with (4–6) � 10 39 erg s � 1 and the high-luminosity one with (1.1–1.4) � 10 40 erg s � 1 . During Suzaku observations, which were made in 2010 August and 2011 March, X-1 stayed in the low-luminosity PL state. The observed X-ray luminosity (4.9–5.6 � 10 39 erg s � 1 ) and the spectral shape (photon index = 1.67–1.83) slightly changed between the two observations. Using the Suzaku PIN detector, we for the first time confirmed a PL tail extending up to at least 20 keV with no signatures of a high-energy turnover in both of the Suzaku observations. In contrast, a turnover at about 6 keV was observed during the high-luminosity PL state in 2004 and 2005 with XMM-Newton. Importantly, the photon indices are similar between the two PL states, and so are the Compton y-parameters of y � 1, which indicates a similar energy balance (between the corona and the accretion disk) holding in the two PL states despite different electron temperatures. From spectral similarities with recent studies about other ULXs, and the Galactic black-hole binary GRS 1915+105, IC 342 X-1 is also likely to be in a state with a supercritical accretion rate, although more sensitive higher energy observations would be necessary to make any conclusion.
Improving the discoverability of biodiversity data using the Global Names Finder

The majority of biodiversity data is not findable, accessible, integratable, or reusable, partially because of a lack of metadata. Taxonomic names as metadata are useful, but not sufficient because these names may be updated as knowledge progresses. There is a great need for tools and services that can scale up to create and maintain metadata for the vast and varied long tail of dark data. Here we examine the use of GNFinder as a tool for creating and maintaining metadata using mentions of taxa in text from publications corresponding to data sets deposited in Dryad. Most studied taxa were mentioned in the publication using a properly formed scientific name, with a few exceptions for studies that only used vernacular names and only mentioned taxa in the corresponding files. GNFinder had a high F1 Score (0.86) representing a balance between precision (0.91) and recall (0.82). GNFinder had lower performance when a name string was an irregular abbreviation, had unexpected capitalization or punctuation, or contained a qualifier (like aff. or cf.). Approximately 14% of the name strings identified in text published from 1996 to 2012 were outdated and updated to a current, valid name. Automated metadata creation and maintenance at scale using GNFinder can make it easier to find biodiversity publications as demonstrated by the Biodiversity Heritage Library and HathiTrust.
Automatic diagnosis of sleep apnea from biomedical signals using artificial intelligence techniques: Methods, challenges, and future works

Apnea is a sleep disorder that stops or reduces airflow for a short time during sleep. Sleep apnea may last for a few seconds and happen for many while sleeping. This reduction in breathing is associated with loud snoring, which may awaken the person with a feeling of suffocation. So far, a variety of methods have been introduced by researchers to diagnose sleep apnea, among which the polysomnography (PSG) method is known to be the best. Analysis of PSG signals is very complicated. Many studies have been conducted on the automatic diagnosis of sleep apnea from biological signals using artificial intelligence (AI), including machine learning (ML) and deep learning (DL) methods. This research reviews and investigates the studies on the diagnosis of sleep apnea using AI methods. First, computer aided diagnosis system (CADS) for sleep apnea using ML and DL techniques along with its parts including dataset, preprocessing, and ML and DL methods are introduced. This research also summarizes the important specifications of the studies on the diagnosis of sleep apnea using ML and DL methods in a table. In the following, a comprehensive discussion is made on the studies carried out in this field. The challenges in the diagnosis of sleep apnea using AI methods are of paramount importance for researchers. Accordingly, these obstacles are elaborately addressed. In another section, the most important future works for studies on sleep apnea detection from PSG signals and AI techniques are presented. Ultimately, the essential findings of this study are provided in the conclusion section.
HIGH-DENSITY CIRCUMSTELLAR INTERACTION IN THE LUMINOUS TYPE IIn SN 2010jl: THE FIRST 1100 DAYS

Hubble Space Telescope and ground-based observations of the Type IIn supernova (SN) 2010jl are analyzed, including photometry and spectroscopy in the ultraviolet, optical, and near-IR bands, 26–1128 days after first detection. At maximum, the bolometric luminosity was ∼3 × 1043 erg s−1 and even at 850 days exceeds 1042 erg s−1. A near-IR excess, dominating after 400 days, probably originates in dust in the circumstellar medium (CSM). The total radiated energy is ≳ 6.5 × 1050 erg, excluding the dust component. The spectral lines can be separated into one broad component that is due to electron scattering and one narrow with expansion velocity ∼100 km s−1 from the CSM. The broad component is initially symmetric around zero velocity but becomes blueshifted after ∼50 days, while remaining symmetric about a shifted centroid velocity. Dust absorption in the ejecta is unlikely to explain the line shifts, and we attribute the shift instead to acceleration by the SN radiation. From the optical lines and the X-ray and dust properties, there is strong evidence for large-scale asymmetries in the CSM. The ultraviolet lines indicate CNO processing in the progenitor, while the optical shows a number of narrow coronal lines excited by the X-rays. The bolometric light curve is consistent with a radiative shock in an r−2 CSM with a mass-loss rate of . The total mass lost is ≳ 3 M☉. These properties are consistent with the SN expanding into a CSM characteristic of a luminous blue variable progenitor with a bipolar geometry. The apparent absence of nuclear processing is attributed to a CSM that is still opaque to electron scattering.
Distribution and Molecular Characteristics of Vibrio Species Isolated from Aquatic Environments in China, 2020

To understand the characteristics of Vibrio isolates in aquatic environments in China and their public health significance, this study investigated water samples in six cities in China in 2020. A total of 88 sampling locations were included and Vibrio isolates were identified in 81 of them. A total of 143 Vibrio isolates belonging to 16 species were selected for characterization. The population structure of Vibrio species showed great differences among the six cities, indicating regional specificity. The presence of virulence genes was examined for the isolates (n = 78) of five pathogenic Vibrio species. All isolates except one (n = 77) contained at least one virulence gene and isolates belonging to the same species showed very similar virulence gene profiles. Then, 26 isolates from 12 species were examined by multilocus sequence typing and were assigned to 25 STs, of which 24 STs were new. Also, the presence of antibiotic-resistant genes was investigated for all 143 isolates and only three isolates were found to contain genes from aminoglycosides, phenicols, beta-lactams or the tetracycline family. Our results provide valuable insights into the Vibrio community in Chinese aquatic environments and can be applied as guidance for the environmental surveillance of the risk of Vibrio isolates.