Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Hilbert Space Methods for Partial Differential Equations

This book is an outgrowth of a course which we have given almost periodically over the last eight years. It is addressed to beginning graduate students of mathematics, engineering, and the physical sciences. Thus, we have attempted to present it while presupposing a minimal background: the reader is assumed to have some prior acquaintance with the concepts of ``linear ''and ``continuous'' and also to believe (\L^2\) is complete. An undergraduate mathematics training through Lebesgue integration is an ideal background but we dare not assume it without turning away many of our best students. The formal prerequisite consists of a good advanced calculus course and a motivation to study partial differential equations.
Fibre Bundles and Generalised Dimensional Reduction

We study some geometrical and topological aspects of the generalised dimensional reduction of supergravities in D=11 and D=10 dimensions, which give rise to massive theories in lower dimensions. In these reductions, a global symmetry is used in order to allow some of the fields to have a non-trivial dependence on the compactifying coordinates. Global consistency in the internal space imposes topological restrictions on the parameters of the compactification as well as the structure of the space itself. Examples that we consider include the generalised reduction of the type IIA and type IIB theories on a circle, and also the massive ten-dimensional theory obtained by the generalised reduction of D=11 supergravity.
Shorter Anogenital Distance Predicts Poorer Semen Quality in Young Men in Rochester, New York

Background: In male rodents, anogenital distance (AGD) provides a sensitive and continuous correlate of androgen exposure in the intrauterine environment and predicts later reproductive success. Some endocrine-disrupting chemicals can alter male reproductive tract development, including shortening AGD, in both rodents and humans. Whether AGD is related to semen quality in human is unknown. Objective: We examined associations between AGD and semen parameters in adult males. Methods: We used multiple regression analyses to model the relationships between sperm parameters and two alternative measures of AGD [from the anus to the posterior base of the scrotum (AGDAS) and to the cephalad insertion of the penis (AGDAP)] in 126 volunteers in Rochester, New York. Results: AGDAS, but not AGDAP, was associated with sperm concentration, motility, morphology, total sperm count, and total motile count (p-values, 0.002–0.048). Men with AGDAS below (vs. above) the median were 7.3 times more likely (95% confidence interval, 2.5–21.6) to have a low sperm concentration (< 20 × 106/mL). For a typical study participant, sperm concentrations were 34.7 × 106/mL and 51.6 × 106/mL at the 25th and 75th percentiles of (adjusted) AGDAS. Conclusions: In our population, AGDAS was a strong correlate of all semen parameters and a predictor of low sperm concentration. In animals, male AGD at birth reflects androgen levels during the masculinization programming window and predicts adult AGD and reproductive function. Our results suggest, therefore, that the androgenic environment during early fetal life exerts a fundamental influence on both AGD and adult sperm counts in humans, as demonstrated in rodents.
The early‐ and late‐time spectral and temporal evolution of GRB 050716

We report on a comprehensive set of observations of gamma-ray burst 050716, detected by the Swift satellite and subsequently followed-up rapidly in X-ray, optical and near-infrared (NIR) wavebands. The prompt emission is typical of long-duration bursts, with two peaks in a time interval of T 90 = 68 s (15-350 keV). The prompt emission continues at lower flux levels in the X-ray band, where several smaller flares can be seen on the top of a decaying light curve that exhibits an apparent break around 220 s post-trigger. This temporal break is roughly coincident with a spectral break. The latter can be related to the extrapolated evolution of the break energy in the prompt y -ray emission, and is possibly the manifestation of the peak flux break frequency of the internal shock passing through the observing band. A possible 3o change in the X-ray absorption column is also seen during this time. The late-time afterglow behaviour is relatively standard, with an electron distribution power-law index of p = 2; there is no notable temporal break out to at least 10 d. The broad-band optical/NIR to X-ray spectrum indicates a redshift of z ≥ 2 for this burst, with a host-galaxy extinction value of E B-V ≈ 0.7 that prefers a small magellanic cloud (SMC)-like extinction curve.
Calmodulin activation of the Ca2+ pump revealed by fluorescent chelator dyes in human red blood cell ghosts

Ca2+ transport in red blood cell ghosts was monitored with fura2 or quin2 incorporated as the free acid during resealing. This is the first report of active transport monitored by the fluorescent intensity of the chelator dyes fura2 (5-50 microM) or quin2 (250 microM) in hemoglobin-depleted ghosts. Since there are no intracellular compartments in ghosts and the intracellular concentrations of all assay chelator substances including calmodulin (CaM), the dyes, and ATP could be set, the intracellular concentrations of free and total Ca [( Cafree]i and [Catotal]i) could be calculated during the transport. Ghosts prepared with or without CaM rapidly extruded Ca2+ to a steady- state concentration of 60-100 nM. A 10(4)-fold gradient for Ca2+ was routinely produced in medium containing 1 mM Ca2+. During active Ca2+ extrusion, d[Cafree]i/dt was a second order function of [Cafree]i and was independent of the dye concentration, whereas d[Catotal]i/dt increased as a first order function of both the [Cafree]i and the concentration of the Ca:dye complex. CaM (5 microM) increased d[Catotal]i/dt by 400% at 1 microM [Cafree]i, while d[Cafree]i/dt increased by only 25%. From a series of experiments we conclude that chelated forms of Ca2+ serve as substrates for the pump under permissive control of the [Cafree]i, and this dual effect may explain cooperativity. Free Ca2+ is extruded, and probably also Ca2+ bound to CaM or other chelators, while CaM and the chelators are retained in the cell.
Mass distribution of modified Newtonian dynamics within highly flattened galaxies

Dynamics of spiral galaxies derived from a given surface mass density has been derived by Toomre in a classic paper. We try to transform the singular elliptic function in the integral into a regular elliptic function. The result makes corresponding numerical evaluations and analytic analysis easier. It is applied to the study of the dynamics of Newtonian system and MOND as well. One shows clearly that careful treatment is needed in dealing with the cutoff of the input data. Explicit examples with simple models are also shown in this paper.
Charging of one or several cylindrical particles in monoionized electric fields

In many electrostatic processes (precipitation of dust, separation of granular mixtures, spraying of powders) insulating particles are subjected to unipolar charging in the presence of other bodies. The present paper addresses this problem from both a computational and an experimental point of view, with the aim to extend an original numerical method of unipolar charge computation to the case of two or more particles, relatively close to each other. The charge acquired by cylinders of various dielectric constants was evaluated with a computer program based on the boundary element method of field analysis. A group of simulations concerned two infinite-length parallel cylinders spaced at various distances and with their axes defining a plane either parallel or normal to the direction of the electric field generated between two parallel plate electrodes. In another group of simulations, an insulating cylinder was situated between two equally spaced conducting cylinders, in a plane normal to the applied electric field. The experimental set-up simulated the charging conditions in a roll-type electrostatic separator. The unipolar space charge was generated by a wire-type electrode. An electrometer was used to measure the charge acquired by millimeter-size calibrated cylinders of polyvinyl chloride on a rotating roll electrode. The experimental results, which were in good agreement with the theoretical predictions, put forward that the relative spacing between the particles changes the value of the saturation charge, an effect, which is stronger for particles of higher dielectric constant. These facts should be taken into account in the design of any electrostatic technology based on the corona charging of granular matter.
Winner Determination in Sequential Majority Voting with Incomplete Preferences

Voting rules map collections of preference orderings over a set of candidates (one for each voter) to candidates. Now, in many contexts, we have to consider the case where either the voters’ preferences or the voting rule itself are incompletely specified. We consider here the family of voting rules consists of sequential majority comparisons, where the winner is computed from a series of majority comparisons along a binary tree. We address the computation of the winner of such voting rules, when the preferences and/or the binary tree are incompletely specified.
Line spectra of Liners. The contribution of the different ionization mechanisms

The physical conditions which characterize individ- ual Liners are obtained by tting the observational spectra of the Ho et al. (1993) sample by model calculations. Composite models which consistently account both for shocks, accompa- nying the radial outward motion of the gaseous clouds, and a photoionizing radiation flux are used. Power-law or black body radiation is considered, depending on the characteristics of the line spectra. The SUMA code is used. The contributions of the differentionizationmechanismstothespectrumemittedbyeach object are calculated and compared with the observations. ThemostsignicantlineratiosofLinerspectraareanalyzed to show the relative importance of photoionization by radiation from the active center or from starbursts, of photoionization by diffuse radiation, and of collisional ionization by shocks. Model results show that (NeV) lines can be strong due to collisional ionization and/or photoionization. Lines from the II and III ionization levels are usually due to photoionization, but a strong contribution by collisional ionization appears in case of high densities and/or of a strong shock. Neutral lines are enhanced by diffuse radiation. The contribution of high density gastothelineintensitiesinLinerspectraisverysmall,indicating that the high density region, located between the NLR and the BLR, is also small. The results show that shocks play an important role, even if a photoionizing flux is present. On average, higher than cosmic N/H and lower S/H are indicated. The physical characteristics of Seyfert galaxies and of starburst galaxies are conrmed. The satisfactory results obtained interpreting the heteroge- neous observational sample by SUMA strengthen the hypothe- sis that shock signature in AGN spectra is due to cloud motions in galaxies.
A homotopy recursive-in-model-order algorithm for weighted Lasso

A fast algorithm to solve weighted ℓ1-minimization problems with N × N square “measuring” matrices is proposed. The method is recursive-in-model-order and tracks a homotopy path that goes through solutions of the optimization sub-tasks in the order of 1 through N. It thus yields solutions for all model orders and performs this task faster than the other compared methods. We show applications of this method in sparse linear system identification, in particular, the estimation of sparse target-cancellation filters for audio source separation.
Arabidopsis RADICAL-INDUCED CELL DEATH1 Belongs to the WWE Protein–Protein Interaction Domain Protein Family and Modulates Abscisic Acid, Ethylene, and Methyl Jasmonate Responses

Experiments with several Arabidopsis thaliana mutants have revealed a web of interactions between hormonal signaling. Here, we show that the Arabidopsis mutant radical-induced cell death1 (rcd1), although hypersensitive to apoplastic superoxide and ozone, is more resistant to chloroplastic superoxide formation, exhibits reduced sensitivity to abscisic acid, ethylene, and methyl jasmonate, and has altered expression of several hormonally regulated genes. Furthermore, rcd1 has higher stomatal conductance than the wild type. The rcd1-1 mutation was mapped to the gene At1g32230 where it disrupts an intron splice site resulting in a truncated protein. RCD1 belongs to the (ADP-ribosyl)transferase domain–containing subfamily of the WWE protein–protein interaction domain protein family. The results suggest that RCD1 could act as an integrative node in hormonal signaling and in the regulation of several stress-responsive genes.
AN EXTENSION OF WOLPERT'S DERIVATIVE FORMULA

Let Σ be an oriented hyperbolic surface and let C be a simple closed geodesic on Σ. The Fenchel Nielsen twist about C is a deformation of Σ in which the surface is cut along Σ and reglued after twisting one boundary curve distance t relative to the other. Let γ be a geodesic transverse to C, with hyperbolic length l(γ); measured relative to a suitable base point, l(γ) is a function of the twist parameter t. Wolpert [10], see also Kerckhoff [5], proved the following well known formula for the derivative with respect to t:
Can Working Memory Interference Explain Need for Cognitive Closure Effects in the Perception of Discrimination

by Michaela M. Bucchianeri People often are faced with situations that seem as though they may be discriminatory (e.g., racist, sexist) but which are vague enough to provoke a variety of judgments. Prior research has shown that people take into account the characteristics of the executor of the ambiguous behavior, and also that certain personality traits of the perceivers as well as certain conditions of the environment influence these judgments. One particular construct that has been shown to moderate perceptions of discrimination is the need for cognitive closure (e.g., Bucchianeri & Corning, under review). This need is defined as the tendency to jump quickly to a conclusion – right or wrong – and stick tightly to it. Whereas there is empirical evidence to support the operation of this factor in the perception of discrimination (i.e., heightening one’s tendency toward prototype use), there also is cause for criticism of this construct. In particular, the purpose of the studies presented here was to test whether a more basic and parsimonious explanation, situational interference with working memory, may account for previous studies' results regarding Michaela M. Bucchianeri prototype use in the perception of discrimination. Results provided mixed support for this hypothesis. Contrary to expectations, Study 1 demonstrated that prototype use in the perception of discrimination was in fact related to higher levels of verbal working memory capacity. Study 2 did not support the hypothesized exacerbation of the prototype effect by interference with working memory, but provided preliminary evidence in support of this effect via a near-significant prototype main effect within the working memory interference condition.
Neural Hyperactivity of the Central Auditory System in Response to Peripheral Damage

It is increasingly appreciated that cochlear pathology is accompanied by adaptive responses in the central auditory system. The cause of cochlear pathology varies widely, and it seems that few commonalities can be drawn. In fact, despite intricate internal neuroplasticity and diverse external symptoms, several classical injury models provide a feasible path to locate responses to different peripheral cochlear lesions. In these cases, hair cell damage may lead to considerable hyperactivity in the central auditory pathways, mediated by a reduction in inhibition, which may underlie some clinical symptoms associated with hearing loss, such as tinnitus. Homeostatic plasticity, the most discussed and acknowledged mechanism in recent years, is most likely responsible for excited central activity following cochlear damage.
Pagetovabolestkostiju:prikazslučaja Paget's Disease of the Bone: a Clinical Report

Adresa za dopisivanje Dr. Rashmi Venkatesh K.M. Shah Dental College & Hospital Whagodia road, Pipariya, 391760 Vadodara, India tel: 919638100495 drrashmivenkatesh@gmail.com Sažetak Pagetova bolest kostiju (PBK) kronični je poremećaj remodeliranja kostiju s povećanom resorpcijom posredstvom osteoklasta te stvaranjem nove kosti, što rezultira neorganiziranim mozaikom „divlje“ i lamelarne kosti na pogođenim područjima kostura. Ta se bolest obično klinički ne zapaža prije dobi od 40 godina. Kliničke manifestacije mogu biti u rasponu od asimptomatičnih do bolnih deformiteta više od jedne kosti. Od PBK najčešće obolijevaju bijelci europskog podrijetla, ali i crnci, no vrlo rijetko žuta rasa. Mnogi se simptomi mogu liječiti antiosteoklastnom terapijom, poput kalcitonina i bifosfanata. Nažalost gotovo da i nema dokumentiranih dugoročnih rezultata. U ovom radu izvještavamo o kliničkom slučaju Pagetove bolesti kostiju i dajemo kratak pregled literature.
Comparative Effects of Preoperative Angiotensin-converting Enzyme In-hibitor, Statin and Beta-blocker Treatment on Human Internal Mammary Artery Reactivity in Patients with Coronary Artery Disease: A Pilot Study

Purpose: We investigated the effect of angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE)- inhibitor, statin, and beta-blocker usage before coronary bypass surgery (CABG) on vascular reactivity of the internal mammary artery (IMA). Methods: Patients, who underwent elective CABG were evaluated. Samples of IMA obtained from 22 patients were divided into 4 groups in respect of drugs used by patients before bypass surgery (control group, ACE inhibitor + statin group, ACE inhibitor + statin + beta-blocker group, and ACE inhibitor + beta-blocker group). The discarded, distal end section of IMA was carefully removed, and the vasoreactivity of IMA rings was evaluated in vitro using an organ chamber. Smooth muscle contractile function was tested on artery segments exposed to 10-80 mM KCl and norepinephrine. The endothelial function of IMA rings was assessed with acetylcholine (ACh) and bradykinin, while endothelium-independent vasorelaxation was evaluated by sodium nitroprusside (SNP). Results: Both ACh and bradykinin caused concentration-dependent relaxation in endothelium-intact IMA rings. However, the maximal effect produced by endothelium-dependent agents in all treatment groups was more prominent when compared with the control group. There was no significant difference in the endothelium-dependent relaxation response of IMA between ACE inhibitor + statin, ACE inhibitor + beta-blocker and ACE inhibitor + statin + beta-blocker groups. The vasodilatory potency of SNP was similar in all groups. Similarly, contractile response to KCl or norepinephrine was not significantly different between groups. Conclusion: Use of ACE inhibitors and statins before bypass surgery may influence IMA vasoreactivity by improving endothelial control of vascular tone.
Potential Use of Microbial Electrolysis Cells in Domestic Wastewater Treatment Plants for Energy Recovery

Globally, large amounts of electrical energy are spent every year for domestic wastewater (dWW) treatment. In the future, energy prices are expected to rise as the demand for energy resources increases and fossil fuel reserves become depleted. By using appropriate technologies, the potential chemical energy contained in the organic compounds present in dWWs might help to improve the energy and economic balance of dWW treatment plants. Bioelectrochemical Systems (BESs) in general and microbial electrolysis cells (MECs) in particular represent an emerging technology capable of harvesting part of this energy. This study offers an overview of the potential of using MEC technology in dWW treatment plants (dWWTPs) to reduce the energy bill. It begins with a brief account of the basics of BESs, followed by an examination of how MECs can be integrated in dWW treatment plants (dWWTPs), identifying scaling-up bottlenecks and estimating potential energy savings. A simplified analysis showed that the use of MEC technology may help to reduce up to ~20% the energy consumption in a conventional dWWTP. The study concludes with a discussion of the future perspectives of MEC technology for dWW treatment. The growing rates of municipal water and wastewater treatment markets in Europe offer excellent business prospects and it is expected that the first generation of MECs could be ready within 1-4 years. However, before MEC technology may achieve practical implementation in dWWTPs, it needs not only to overcome important techno-economic challenges, but also to compete with other energy-producing technologies.
Survey on Data Mining Using Dynamic Query Forms Technique

Different kinds of databases such as modern scientific database, web database. These are maintaining large and heterogeneous data. This kind of database contains sometimes hundreds or thousands types of relations and attributes. Traditional query forms which are already defined are not able to satisfy various types of ad-hoc queries with the help of user on those databases. So that user‟s requirements are not fulfil successfully. Thus, a new query form generated which overcome the problems of previously generated query forms and the name to be given as Dynamic Query Forms. Dynamic query forms are the new database query interface which able to generate query forms dynamically. The primary function of dynamic query forms are- 1) Capture the user preferences and rank those query forms components. 2) Assist user to make their decision. The generation of query form is intentionally guided by user and iterative process. The system automatically generates ranking lists of form components and the user then adds the desired form components into the query form. Based on the captured user preference ranking of form components can be done. User can also fill the query form and submit queries to see the query result. A query form could be dynamically refined till the user satisfies with the query results. The expected F-measure for the query form goodness measuring is utilized in this approach. In DFQ, for estimating the goodness of a query form, a probabilistic model is developed. The effectiveness and the efficiency of DQF are proved after experimental evaluation and user study.
Exogenous administration of lipids to steers alters aspects of the innate immune response to endotoxin challenge

This study examined the effects of increasing energy availability from both dextrose and lipid treatments on the pro-inflammatory response to LPS in Holstein steers. Steers were randomly assigned to one of three groups: saline at 0.5 ml/kg body weight (Control) or 50% dextrose [0.5 ml/kg body weight (Dextrose) to mimic calm cattle’s response to LPS] administered immediately prior to LPS (0.5 µg/kg body weight at 0 h) or continuous lipid emulsion infusion from −1 to 6 h [Intralipid 20% (Baxter, Deerfield, IL USA); 0.5 ml/kg/hr (Lipid) to mimic temperamental cattle]. Concentrations of non-esterified fatty acids (NEFA) were greater in Lipid compared with Control and Dextrose steers. A greater decrease in the change in rectal temperature, relative to baseline, was observed in response to LPS in Dextrose in comparison to control and Lipid steers. Cortisol was greater in Lipid than Dextrose and Control steers from −0.5 to 0 h, yet decreased from 0.5 to 5.5 h relative to LPS challenge. Concentrations of IL-6 were decreased in Lipid steers compared with Dextrose and Control steers, and were decreased in Dextrose compared with Control steers post-LPS challenge. These data suggest that increasing circulating NEFA using an exogenous Lipid emulsion may modulate the pro-inflammatory response in steers.