Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Clinical Applications of Polyetheretherketone in Removable Dental Prostheses: Accuracy, Characteristics, and Performance

The high-performance thermoplastic polyetheretherketone (PEEK) has excellent mechanical properties, biocompatibility, chemical stability, and radiolucency. The present article comprehensively reviews various applications of PEEK in removable dental prostheses, including in removable partial dentures (RPDs) (frameworks and clasps), double-crown RPDs, and obturators. The clinical performance of PEEK in removable dental prostheses is shown to be satisfactory and promising based on the short-term clinical evidence and technical complications are scarce. Moreover, the accuracy of RPDs is a vital factor for their long-term success rate. PEEK in removable dental prostheses is fabricated using the conventional lost-wax technique and CAD/CAM milling, which produces a good fit. Furthermore, fused deposition modeling is considered to be one of the most practical additive techniques. PEEK in removable prostheses produced by this technique exhibits good results in terms of the framework fit. However, in light of the paucity of evidence regarding other additive techniques, these manufacturers cannot yet be endorsed. Surface roughness, bacterial retention, color stability, and wear resistance should also be considered when attempting to increase the survival rates of PEEK removable prostheses. In addition, pastes represent an effective method for PEEK polishing to obtain a reduced surface roughness, which facilitates lower bacterial retention. As compared to other composite materials, PEEK is less likely to become discolored or deteriorate due to wear abrasion.
Harnack Inequalities for SDEs with Multiplicative Noise and Non-regular Drift

The log-Harnack inequality and Harnack inequality with powers for semigroups associated to SDEs with non-degenerate diffusion coefficient and non-regular time-dependent drift coefficient are established, based on the recent papers \cite{Flandoli, Zhang11}. We consider two cases in this work: (1) the drift fulfills the LPS-type integrability, and (2) the drift is uniformly H\"older continuous with respect to the spatial variable. Finally, by using explicit heat kernel estimates for the stable process with drift, the Harnack inequality for the stochastic differential equation driven by symmetric stable process is also proved.
Distributed acoustic sensing for fence monitoring: deep learning approach for detection and classification of events on various types of fence

One of the most prominent applications of fiber optic Distributed Acoustic Sensing (DAS) is Perimeter Security via fence monitoring, which is possible when we attach a fiber to the fence. In this study, we aim to detect and classify events occurring around said fence, such as climbing, cutting, and bending. For this, we investigate Deep Learning algorithms, more specifically Convolutional Neural Networks (CNN), as a mean to detect anomalies and classify them. We recorded 48,445 samples of the mentioned events, which were carefully processed and labeled. From each record, we exploited multiple data instances, resulting in a large enough training dataset to produce a robust classifier. We report the optimum network architecture that suited our study for both the anomaly detection and classification task. The optimal model is tested before and after deployment on-site, we report the quantified performance on a test set via a confusion matrix, and observations about the model’s behaviour on the field. Furthermore, we compare our trials and results on two types of fences, namely rigid and loose, to show how it affects the performance of the trained CNN models, as the signal propagates differently between rigid and loose clotures. We report an overall accuracy of 96.15% for the optimal anomaly detection model, and a lower 52.9% for the 3-class classification model. These results are explained and commented on. Finally, we conclude by providing an educated proposal for future improvements.
PHYSICAL PROPERTIES AND MORPHOLOGY OF A NEWLY IDENTIFIED COMPACT z = 4.04 LENSED SUBMILLIMETER GALAXY IN ABELL 2218

We present the identification of a bright submillimeter (submm) source, SMM J163555.5+661300, detected in the lensing cluster Abell 2218, for which we have accurately determined the position using observations from the Submillimeter Array (SMA). The identified optical counterpart has a spectroscopic redshift of z = 4.044 ± 0.001 if we attribute the single emission line detected at λ = 6140 Å to Lyα. This redshift identification is in good agreement with the optical/near-infrared photometric redshift as well as the submm flux ratio S450/S850∼ 1.6, the radio–submm flux ratio S1.4/S850 < 0.004, and the 24 μm to 850 μm flux ratio S24/S850 < 0.005. Correcting for the gravitational lensing amplification of ∼5.5, we find that the source has a far-infrared luminosity of 1.3 × 1012 L☉, which implies a star formation rate (SFR) of 230 M☉ yr−1. This makes it the lowest-luminosity submillimeter galaxy (SMG) known at z>4 to date. Previous CO(4–3) emission line observations yielded a non-detection, for which we derived an upper limit of the CO line luminosity of K km s−1 pc−2, which is not inconsistent with the –LFIR relation for starburst galaxies. The best-fit model to the optical and near-infrared photometry give a stellar population with an age of 1.4 Gyr and a stellar mass of 1.6 × 1010 M☉. The optical morphology is compact and in the source plane the galaxy has an extent of ∼6 × 3 kpc with individual star-forming knots of <500 pc in size. J163556 is not resolved in the SMA data, and we place a strict upper limit on the size of the starburst region of 8 kpc × 3 kpc, which implies a lower limit on the SFR surface density of 12 M☉ yr−1 kpc2. The redshift of J163556 extends the redshift distribution of faint, lensed SMGs, and we find no evidence that these have a different redshift distribution than bright SMGs.
Shooting swarm algorithm for solving two-point boundary value problems

Boundary value problems (BVPs) are solved using the more detailed swarm algorithm (SA) based on particle swarm optimization (PSO) and firefly algorithm (FA). In the field of optimization techniques, both PSO and FA have good features to solve many problems in applied mathematics. Due to the sensitivity of the use of the controversial shooting method for solving BVPs, which can not able to reach the exact solution oftentimes. A shooting Swarm algorithm (SSA) is proposed based on PSO and FA. Several BVPs including stiff BVPs were principally used to investigate the SSA. The numerical experiments and analyses revealed that the algorithm was able to overcome the shooing method drawbacks. On another hand, the proposed method that is based on FA significantly reduces the number of iterations required for solving BVPs, because of its flexible properties in the exploration and exploitation phases, and it is in good agreement with the exact solution of BVPs. The SSA was investigated to solve stiff BVPs and Its efficacy has been proven with the accurate solutions.
Altered entropy in the precuneus and posterior cingulate cortex in Alzheimer’s disease: A resting functional magnetic resonance imaging study

The human brain has been described as a complex system. Its study by means of neurophysiological signals has revealed the presence of linear and nonlinear interactions. In this context, entropy metrics have been used to uncover brain behavior in the presence and absence of neurological disturbances. Entropy mapping is of great interest for the study of progressive neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer’s disease. The aim of this study was to characterize the dynamics of brain oscillations in such disease by means of entropy and amplitude of low frequency oscillations from Bold signals of the default network and the executive control network in Alzheimer’s patients and healthy individuals, using a database extracted from the Open Access Imaging Studies series. The results revealed higher discriminative power of entropy by permutations compared to low-frequency fluctuation amplitude and fractional amplitude of low-frequency fluctuations. Increased entropy by permutations was obtained in regions of the default network and the executive control network in patients. The posterior cingulate cortex and the precuneus showed differential characteristics when assessing entropy by permutations in both groups. There were no findings when correlating metrics with clinical scales. The results demonstrated that entropy by permutations allows characterizing brain function in Alzheimer’s patients, and also reveals information about nonlinear interactions complementary to the characteristics obtained by calculating the amplitude of low frequency oscillations.
The Atacama B-Mode Search: CMB Polarimetry with Transition-Edge-Sensor Bolometers

The Atacama B-mode Search (ABS) experiment is a 145 GHz polarimeter designed to measure the B-mode polarization of the Cosmic Microwave Background (CMB) at large angular scales. The ABS instrument will ship to the Atacama Desert of Chile fully tested and ready to observe in 2010. ABS will image large-angular-scale CMB polarization anisotropies onto a focal plane of 240 feedhorn-coupled, transition-edge sensor (TES) polarimeters, using a cryogenic crossed-Dragone design. The ABS detectors, which are fabricated at NIST, use orthomode transducers to couple orthogonal polarizations of incoming radiation onto separate TES bolometers. The incoming radiation is modulated by an ambient-temperature half-wave plate in front of the vacuum window at an aperture stop. Preliminary detector characterization indicates that the ABS detectors can achieve a sensitivity of 300 $\mu K \sqrt{s}$ in the field. This paper describes the ABS optical design and detector readout scheme, including feedhorn design and performance, magnetic shielding, focal plane architecture, and cryogenic electronics.
Specific viscosity of neutron-rich nuclear matter from a relaxation time approach

The specific viscosity of neutron-rich nuclear matter is studied from the relaxation time approach using an isospin- and momentum-dependent interaction and the nucleon-nucleon cross sections taken as those from the experimental data modified by the in-medium effective masses as used in the isospin-dependent BoltzmannUehling-Uhlenbeck (IBUU) transport model calculations. The relaxation time of neutrons is larger while that of protons is smaller in neutron-rich nuclear matter compared with that in symmetric nuclear matter, and this leads to a larger specific viscosity in neutron-rich nuclear matter. In addition, the specific viscosity decreases with increasing temperature because of more frequent collisions and weaker Pauli blocking effect at higher temperatures. At lower temperatures the specific viscosity increases with increasing density due to the Pauli blocking effect, while at higher temperatures it slightly decreases with increasing density as a result of smaller in-medium effective masses at higher densities.
Computational illumination for high-speed in vitro Fourier ptychographic microscopy

We demonstrate a new computational illumination technique that achieves large space-bandwidth-time product, for quantitative phase imaging of unstained live samples in vitro. Microscope lenses can have either large field of view (FOV) or high resolution, not both. Fourier ptychographic microscopy (FPM) is a new computational imaging technique that circumvents this limit by fusing information from multiple images taken with different illumination angles. The result is a gigapixel-scale image having both wide FOV and high resolution, i.e. large space-bandwidth product (SBP). FPM has enormous potential for revolutionizing microscopy and has already found application in digital pathology. However, it suffers from long acquisition times (on the order of minutes), limiting throughput. Faster capture times would not only improve imaging speed, but also allow studies of live samples, where motion artifacts degrade results. In contrast to fixed (e.g. pathology) slides, live samples are continuously evolving at various spatial and temporal scales. Here, we present a new source coding scheme, along with real-time hardware control, to achieve 0.8 NA resolution across a 4x FOV with sub-second capture times. We propose an improved algorithm and new initialization scheme, which allow robust phase reconstruction over long time-lapse experiments. We present the first FPM results for both growing and confluent in vitro cell cultures, capturing videos of subcellular dynamical phenomena in popular cell lines undergoing division and migration. Our method opens up FPM to applications with live samples, for observing rare events in both space and time.
Tuning magnetotransport in PdPt/Y3Fe5O12: Effects of magnetic proximity and spin-orbit coupling

We report that anisotropic magnetoresistance (AMR) and anomalous Hall conductivity (AHC) in the Pd1−xPtx/Y3Fe5O12 (YIG) bilayers could be tuned by varying the Pt concentration (x) and also temperature (T). In particular, the AHC at low T changes its sign when x increases from 0 to 1, agreeing with the negative and positive AHC predicted by our ab initio calculations for the magnetic proximity (MP)-induced ferromagnetic Pd and Pt, respectively. The AMR ratio is enhanced by ten times when x increases from 0 to 1. Furthermore, the AMR of PdPt/YIG bilayers shows similar T-dependence as the magnetic susceptibility of the corresponding bulk Pd/Pt, also indicating the MP effect as the origin of the AMR. The present work demonstrates that the alloying of Pt and Pd not only offers tunable spin-orbit coupling but also is useful to reveal the nature of the AMR and AHC in Pt/YIG bilayers, which are useful for spintronics applications.
Particle-hole symmetry and the dirty boson problem

We study the role of particle-hole symmetry on the universality class of various quantum phase transitions corresponding to the onset of superfluidity at zero temperature of bosons in a quenched random medium. The functional integral formulation of this problem in d spatial dimensions yields a (d+1)-dimensional classical XY-model with extended disorder--the so-called random rod problem. Particle-hole symmetry may then be broken by adding nonzero site energies. We may distinguish three cases: (i) exact particle-hole symmetry, in which the site energies all vanish, (ii) statistical particle-hole symmetry in which the site energy distribution is symmetric about zero, vanishing on average, and (iii) complete absence of particle-hole symmetry in which the distribution is generic. We explore in each case the nature of the excitations in the non-superfluid Mott insulating and Bose glass phases. We find that the Bose glass compressibility, which has the interpretation of a temporal spin stiffness or superfluid density, is positive in cases (ii) and (iii), but that it vanishes with an essential singularity as full particle-hole symmetry is restored. We then focus on the critical point and discuss the relevance of type (ii) particle-hole symmetry breaking perturbations to the random rod critical behavior. We argue that a perturbation of type (iii) is irrelevant to the resulting type (ii) critical behavior: the statistical symmetry is restored on large scales close to the critical point, and case (ii) therefore describes the dirty boson fixed point. To study higher dimensions we attempt, with partial success, to generalize the Dorogovtsev-Cardy-Boyanovsky double epsilon expansion technique to this problem. The qualitative renormalization group flow picture this technique provides is quite compelling.
Sulfur chemistry: 1D modeling in massive dense cores

The main sulfur-bearing molecules OCS, H2S, SO, SO2, and CS have been observed in four high mass dense cores (W43-MM1, IRAS 18264, IRAS 05358, and IRAS 18162). Our goal is to put some constraints on the relative evolutionary stage of these sources by comparing these observations with time-dependent chemical modeling. We used the chemical model Nahoon, which computes the gas-phase chemistry and gas-grain interactions of depletion and evaporation. Mixing of the different chemical compositions shells in a 1D structure through protostellar envelope has been included since observed lines suggest nonthermal supersonic broadening. Observed radial profiles of the temperature and density are used to compute the chemistry as a function of time. With our model, we underproduce CS by several orders of magnitude compared to the other S-bearing molecules, which seems to contradict observations, although some uncertainties in the CS abundance observed at high temperature remain. The OCS/SO2, SO/SO2, and H2S/SO2 abundance ratios could in theory be used to trace the age of these massive protostars since they show a strong dependence with time, but the sources are too close in age compared to the accuracy of chemical models and observations. Our comparison between observations and modeling may, however, indicate that W43-MM1 could be chemically younger than the three other sources. Turbulent diffusivity through the protostellar envelopes has to be less efficient than 2e14 cm2s-1. Otherwise, it would have smoothed out the abundance profiles, and this would have been observed. The sulfur chemistry depends strongly on the 1D physical conditions. In our case, no conclusion can be given on the relative age of IRAS 18264, IRAS 18162 and IRAS 05358 except that they are very close. W43-MM1 seems younger than the other sources.
Multiparametric Programming-Based Coordinated Economic Dispatch of Integrated Electricity and Natural Gas System

Continuous development and application of gas-fired units worldwide have raised concerns about the inherent interdependency between electricity and natural gas systems. The coordinated dynamic economic dispatch for integrated electricity and natural gas systems (IENs) is increasingly essential. Since electricity and natural gas systems belong to different administrative organizations, we build a coordinated economic dispatch model for IENs and propose a decentralized algorithm to realize collaborative distributed control. A distributed algorithm based on multiparametric programming and benders cuts is proposed to crack the optimization problem in a decentralized way. The quadratic exchanging function is built to accelerate the convergence speed, and the auxiliary variables relaxation method is applied to deal with the infeasible subproblems. The global convergence of the proposed methods is proved in detail. Furthermore, from the point of view of both iteration number and computation time, simulation results demonstrate that the computational performance of the proposed method is far superior to the popular decentralized methods.
Half-metallic and thermodynamic properties of new d 0 CsCaZ (Z= Ge, Sn and Pb) half Heusler alloys: A spin-based devices vision for the future

Density functional theory (DFT) was applied to investigate the structural, electronic, elastic, magnetic, thermodynamic and half-metallic properties of the newly d0 Heusler alloys (HAs) CsCaZ (Z= Ge, Sn and Pb). Spin-polarised calculations show that the compounds studied are half-metallic with a magnetic moment of 1.00 μB at the equilibrium lattice parameter, which obeys the well-known Slater–Pauling rule Mtot = 8 – Zt. The half-metallic behavior of the compounds CsCaGe, CsCaSn and CsCaPb is predicted with respect to the equilibrium lattice constants for CsCaGe, CsCaSn and CsCaPb with a narrow band gap in the majority spin channel. Furthermore, the elastic constants (Cij) showed that these materials are ductile and anisotropic. In addition, the negative values of the calculated formation energy and cohesion energy indicate that CsCaZ (Z= Ge, Sn and Pb) are likely to be experimentally synthesized. Non-equilibrium Gibbs function is employed to calculate the thermodynamic properties through the quasi-harmonic Debye model in which the bulk modulus, heat capacity, Debye temperature, thermal expansion coefficient, and entropy are investigated at 0-20 Gpa pressure and 0-1200 K temperature ranges. The significant half-metallic behavior makes the CsCaZ (Z= Ge, Sn and Pb) compounds strong candidates for spintronic applications.
Quasi-normal frequencies: Semi-analytic results for highly damped modes

Black hole highly-damped quasi-normal frequencies (QNFs) are very often of the form ωn = (offset) + in (gap). We have investigated the genericity of this phenomenon for the Schwarzschild-deSitter (SdS) black hole by considering a model potential that is piecewise Eckart (piecewise Poschl–Teller), and developing an analytic "quantization condition" for the highly-damped quasi-normal frequencies. We find that the ωn = (offset) + in (gap) behaviour is common but not universal, with the controlling feature being whether or not the ratio of the surface gravities is a rational number. We furthermore observed that the relation between rational ratios of surface gravities and periodicity of QNFs is very generic, and also occurs within different analytic approaches applied to various types of black hole spacetimes. These observations are of direct relevance to any physical situation where highly-damped quasi-normal modes are important.
A GENERALIZED TWO-COMPONENT MODEL OF SOLAR WIND TURBULENCE AND AB INITIO DIFFUSION MEAN-FREE PATHS AND DRIFT LENGTHSCALES OF COSMIC RAYS

We extend a two-component model for the evolution of fluctuations in the solar wind plasma so that it is fully three-dimensional (3D) and also coupled self-consistently to the large-scale magnetohydrodynamic equations describing the background solar wind. The two classes of fluctuations considered are a high-frequency parallel-propagating wave-like piece and a low-frequency quasi-two-dimensional component. For both components, the nonlinear dynamics is dominanted by quasi-perpendicular spectral cascades of energy. Driving of the fluctuations by, for example, velocity shear and pickup ions is included. Numerical solutions to the new model are obtained using the Cronos framework, and validated against previous simpler models. Comparing results from the new model with spacecraft measurements, we find improved agreement relative to earlier models that employ prescribed background solar wind fields. Finally, the new results for the wave-like and quasi-two-dimensional fluctuations are used to calculate ab initio diffusion mean-free paths and drift lengthscales for the transport of cosmic rays in the turbulent solar wind.
Scalably Detecting Third-Party Android Libraries With Two-Stage Bloom Filtering

Third-party library (TPL) detection is important for Android app security analysis nowadays. Unfortunately, the existing techniques often suffer from poor scalability. In some situations, the detection time cost is even unacceptable. Although a few existing methods run relatively fast, they cannot provide enough effectiveness, especially for non-structure-preserving obfuscated apps, e.g., repackaged and flattened. In this paper, we treat TPLs detection as a set inclusion problem to effectively and efficiently analyze obfuscated apps, and develop a scalable two-stage detection approach, Libloom. Specifically, the package and class signatures are encoded into two levels of Bloom filters respectively. At the first stage, the package filters are used to identify a limited number of candidate TPLs via set overlapping measurement to avoid unnecessary class-level set analysis. Subsequently, with the class filters, a similarity score is computed between the query app and each candidate to detect the integrated TPLs, and a novel entropy-based metric is presented to specially handle the repackaged and flattened apps. We have evaluated Libloom on some large-scale benchmarks involving tens of thousands of TPL instances. The experiment results demonstrate that Libloom outperforms state-of-the-art tools in both effectiveness and efficiency. Especially, the proposed two-stage method can run about ten times faster than the straightforward class-level analysis on flattened apps, and without loss of accuracy.