Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Single-victim and serial sexual homicide offenders: differences in crime, paraphilias and personality traits.

BACKGROUND Information on psychopathological characteristics of sexual homicide offenders is scarce. AIMS To investigate criminal, paraphilic and personality trait differences between serial and single-victim sexual homicide offenders. METHODS All 73 single-victim and 13 serial sexual homicide offenders presenting within a cohort of 671 men sentenced for sexual crimes between 1994 and 2005 and serving their sentence in one high-security Canadian prison and who consented to interview were assessed and compared on their offending patterns, personality pathology and paraphilic behaviours. RESULTS Serial sexual homicide offenders were more likely than the single offenders to report deviant sexual fantasies, having selected victims with distinctive characteristics, to have targeted strangers, structured premeditation and/or verbal humiliation of their victims during the offences. Personality pathology, defined by at least two Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders IV criteria for personality disorder, was common in both groups, but the serial offenders were more likely to have narcissistic, schizoid and/or obsessive-compulsive traits; they were also more likely to engage in sexual masochism, partialism, homosexual paedophilia, exhibitionism and/or voyeurism. IMPLICATIONS FOR PRACTICE Samples of serial sexual homicide offenders will, fortunately, always be small, and it may be that more could be learned to assist in preventing such crimes if data from several studies or centres were pooled. Our findings suggest that an investigation of sexual homicide offenders should include strategies for evaluating premeditation as well as personality and paraphilic characteristics. Crime scene features that should alert investigators should include similar characteristics between victims and particular aspects of body exposure or organisation.
Hippocampal place fields : relevance to learning and memory

Historical Perspective: Place cells in Ann Arbor and Brooklyn PART I. PLACE CELLS AND SPATIAL CONTEXT 1. The hippocampus and context revisited 2. A context for hippocampal place cells during learning 3. Context-dependent firing of hippocampal place cells: does it underlie memory? 4. The place cells - cognitive map or memory system? 5. Context-specific versus context-invariant spatial coding in the hippocampal formation: Implications for episodic memory 6. The roles of hippocampal subfields in processing spatial contexts of events: Neurophysiological and behavioral analyses 7. Plasticity, attention, and the stabilization of hippocampal representations 8. What do place cells tell us about learning to associate and learning to segregate? 9. Do place cells guide spatial behaviors? 10. Place cells identify hippocampus with location-specific construction of mental images 11. Hippocampal neuronal activity and memory: Should we still be talking about place cells? PART II: PRIMATE HIPPOCAMPUS AND PLACE REPRESENTATION 12. Place-differential neural responses in the monkey hippocampal formation during real and virtual navigation 13. Spatial view cells in the primate hippocampus, and memory 14. Learning, memory, and the monkey hippocampus PART III. NEURAL SYSTEMS PERSPECTIVE ON SIGNIFICANCE OF PLACE FIELDS 15. Entorhinal grid cells and the neural basis of navigation 16. Neocortical influences on hippocampal place cells 17. Spatial learning and the selectivity of hippocampal place fields: Modulation of by dopamine 18. Spatial decisions and neuronal activity in hippocampal projection zones in prefrontal cortex and striatum PART IV. THEORETICAL SIGNIFICANCE OF PLACE FIELDS 19. Hippocampal theta rhythm and memory-guided behavior 20. Network analysis of the significance of hippocampal subfields 21. Storage of the distance between place cell firing fields in the strength of plastic synapses with a novel learning rule PART V. PLACE FIELDS AND AGE-RELATED CHANGES IN MEMORY 22. Hippocampal place cells as a window into age-related memory impairments 23. Aging ensembles: circuit contributions to memory deficits
Sequence Learning and Speech Recognition

This paper describes application possibilities for statistical methods and particulary hidden Markov models in the domain of sequence learning after treating the required basics. Especially the task of natural language processing is treated by elaborating on speech recognition and speech translation. Furthermore a network intrusion detection system to detect complex and coordinated Internet attacks is presented briefly to illustrate the universality in the concept of sequence learning. 1 Fundamentals In this section a brief overview of the needed fundamentals to understand the further discussed concepts is given and the domain of sequence learning is outlined. Further literature references are given at adequate spots to permit the consultation of more detailed background information. 1.1 Notation Overview Some syntax rules for better comprehension: • P denotes probabilities whereas p is used for probability densities. • Calligraphic letters like V are employed for sets. • Capital letters like N are utilized for constant values. 1.2 Statistical Basics Here we define stochastic processes and Markov chains – a time-restricted stochastic process. Both concepts are essential to understand the principle of hidden Markov models. Some very elementary statistical principles – that means Bayes’ rule, random variables, probability distributions and similar things are assumed to be familiar. 1.2. 1 Stochastic Processes A stochastic process constitutes a series of random variables q1, q2, . which adopt values Qt out of a discrete or continous domain according to specific probability distributions. The distribution function of the Qt may depend on the current state qt and its predecessors q1, q2, . , qt−1. The stochastic process is called stationary if its behaviour is independent of the absolute value of time t. It is called causal if additionally the distribution of Qt is only a function of the previous states q1, q2, . , qt−1, i.e. it does not rely on states in the future. P (qt = Qt|q1 = Q1, q2 = Q2, . . . , qt−1 = Qt−1)
Random Assignment Respecting Group Priorities ∗

When allocating indivisible objects, agents may be partitioned into several groups and different groups are granted different priority rights. Group-wise random serial dictatorship (GRSD) and group-wise probabilistic serial mechanism (GPS) can be applied to such problems to restore fairness within and across groups. GPS outperforms GRSD not only in efficiency but also in stability ex-ante. The family of group-wise eating mechanisms characterizes the set of sd-efficient and ex-ante stable assignments, while the family of asymmetric GRSDs characterizes the set of ex-post stable and efficient assignments. However, GRSD satisfies a mild consistency concept based on Bayesian update while GPS does not, and consequently the advantages of GPS may disappear in cases of non-simultaneous assignment. We finish by characterizing GPS and considering comparative statics results as the group structure becomes more dense.
A Meta-Analytic Investigation of Job Applicant Faking on Personality Measures

This study investigates the extent to which job applicants fake their responses on personality tests. Thirty-three studies that compared job applicant and non-applicant personality scale scores were meta-analyzed. Across all job types, applicants scored significantly higher than non-applicants on extraversion (d=.11), emotional stability (d=.44), conscientiousness (d=.45), and openness (d=.13). For certain jobs (e.g., sales), however, the rank ordering of mean differences changed substantially suggesting that job applicants distort responses on personality dimensions that are viewed as particularly job relevant. Smaller mean differences were found in this study than those reported by Viswesvaran and Ones (Educational and Psychological Measurement, 59(2), 197-210), who compared scores for induced "fake-good" vs. honest response conditions. Also, direct Big Five measures produced substantially larger differences than did indirect Big Five measures.
A recommender system framework combining neural networks & collaborative filtering

Most recommender systems use collaborative filtering or content-based methods to predict new items of interest for a user. While both methods have their own advantages, individually they fail to provide good recommendations in many situations. An alternative method to content-based filtering could be the use of neural networks which also incorporate the essence of progressive learning as this filtering method is increasingly used by a system. Incorporating components from both methods, a hybrid recommender system can overcome these shortcomings. In this paper, we present an elegant and effective framework for combining neural networks and collaborative filtering. Our approach uses a neural network to recognize implicit patterns between user profiles and items of interest which are then further enhanced by collaborative filtering to personalized suggestions. Our preliminary study indicates that this hybrid approach is particularly promising when compared to pure content-based or collaborative filtering methods.
The First Bioluminescence Tomography System for Simultaneous Acquisition of Multiview and Multispectral Data

We describe the system design of the first bioluminescence tomography (BLT) system for parallel acquisition of multiple bioluminescent views around a mouse in a number of spectral channels simultaneously. The primary component of this BLT system is a novel mirror module and a unique mouse holder. The mirror module consists of a mounting plate and four mirrors with stages. These mirror stages are right triangular blocks symmetrically arranged and attached to the mounting plate such that the hypotenuse surfaces of the triangular blocks all make 45∘ to the plate surface. The cylindrical/polygonal mouse holder has semitransparent rainbow bands on its side surface for the acquisition of spectrally resolved data. Numerical studies and experiments are performed to demonstrate the feasibility of this system. It is shown that bioluminescent signals collected using our system can produce a similar BLT reconstruction quality while reducing the data acquisition time, as compared to the sequential data acquisition mode.
Accelerating the Sequence Annotation using Split Annotation with Active Learning

Active learning succeeds in reducing the size of labeled cor pus while maintaining the high accuracy. However, active learn ing requires several iterations of the tagger training, which w ill not be practical when the training of an iteration takes long tim e. In this paper, we propose to simplify the all-entity labelin g task by splitting the task into a set of single-entity labeling su btasks. After all entity types are labeled, we merge the data sets int o a all-entity corpus and train the final tagger using the merged s t. The proposed method achieved the competitive F1 to the multientity learning but required much less computational time o n the CoNLL chunking and named entity recognition data sets.
Predictive Utility of Pulse Pressure and Other Blood Pressure Measures for Cardiovascular Outcomes

Data are sparse regarding the actual predictive utility of pulse pressure and other blood pressure measures for cardiovascular events. We included all of the participants from the Chicago Heart Association Detection Project in Industry who were free of cardiovascular disease and not receiving antihypertensive treatment at baseline (1967–1973). Baseline blood pressure measures were assessed for predictive utility for fatal and nonfatal events over 33 years. Among 36 314 participants (mean age: 39±13 years; 43.4% women), there were 11 452 deaths: 745 were attributed to stroke, 2812 to coronary disease, and 599 to heart failure. Of the 16 393 participants who attained Medicare eligibility, 3050, 1367, and 2207 had ≥1 hospitalization for stroke, myocardial infarction, or heart failure, respectively. In univariate analyses, hazards ratios for stroke death per SD of pulse, systolic, and diastolic pressure, respectively, were 1.49, 1.75, and 1.71. Likelihood ratio &khgr;2 (134.3, 302.0, and 232.6, respectively), Bayes information criteria values (15 142, 14 974, and 15 044, respectively), and areas under receiver-operating characteristic curves (0.59, 0.64, and 0.63, respectively) all indicated better predictive utility for systolic and diastolic compared with pulse pressure. Results for coronary or heart failure death and stroke, myocardial infarction, or heart failure hospitalization were similar. Pulse pressure had weaker predictive utility at all ages but particularly for those <50 years. In this large cohort study, pulse pressure had predictive utility for cardiovascular events that was inferior to systolic or diastolic pressure. These findings support the approach of current guidelines in the use of systolic and diastolic blood pressure to assess risk and the need for treatment.
Mutant PFN1 causes ALS phenotypes and progressive motor neuron degeneration in mice by a gain of toxicity

Significance ALS is an incurable neurodegenerative disease caused by loss of motor neurons leading to paralysis and death. To understand the disease mechanism and develop therapeutics, mammalian models that phenocopy human disease are crucial. For more than two decades, transgenic animals expressing mutant copper zinc superoxide dismutase (SOD1) gene represented the only model that faithfully reproduced the human disease. Despite recent identification of new causal genes, construction of another mammalian model with progressive loss of motor neurons and concomitant clinical phenotypes has proven difficult. In this study, we have generated a transgenic mouse model by expressing mutant profilin 1. These mice replicate key features of human ALS and thus provide an in vivo system for study of disease mechanisms and development of therapeutics. Mutations in the profilin 1 (PFN1) gene cause amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), a neurodegenerative disease caused by the loss of motor neurons leading to paralysis and eventually death. PFN1 is a small actin-binding protein that promotes formin-based actin polymerization and regulates numerous cellular functions, but how the mutations in PFN1 cause ALS is unclear. To investigate this problem, we have generated transgenic mice expressing either the ALS-associated mutant (C71G) or wild-type protein. Here, we report that mice expressing the mutant, but not the wild-type, protein had relentless progression of motor neuron loss with concomitant progressive muscle weakness ending in paralysis and death. Furthermore, mutant, but not wild-type, PFN1 forms insoluble aggregates, disrupts cytoskeletal structure, and elevates ubiquitin and p62/SQSTM levels in motor neurons. Unexpectedly, the acceleration of motor neuron degeneration precedes the accumulation of mutant PFN1 aggregates. These results suggest that although mutant PFN1 aggregation may contribute to neurodegeneration, it does not trigger its onset. Importantly, these experiments establish a progressive disease model that can contribute toward identifying the mechanisms of ALS pathogenesis and the development of therapeutic treatments.
A comparison between arbitrary and kinematic mandibular hinge axis location in full mouth rehabilitation patients (An in vivo study)

Casts are often transferred to the adjustable articulator by arbitrary means because the method of locating the mandibular terminal hinge axis is thought to be complicated and time-consuming. The aim of this study was to compare between the arbitrary and kinematic location of the hinge axis in full mouth rehabilitation patients. Materials and methods: Arbitrary hinge axis was marked at eleven mm from the superior border of the tragus of the ear on both sides of fifty full mouth rehabilitation patients. Terminal hinge axis of each patient was located using the TMJ kinematic hinge axis locator. Position differences between the arbitrary and terminal hinge axes were recorded. Results: Results indicated that 28% of the patients possessed terminal hinge axes located in an anterior-inferior position to their arbitrary hinge axes from the superior border of the tragus of the ear. Conclusion: Careful location of the terminal hinge axis as the posterior reference point instead of depending upon an arbitrary marking is recommended to avoid potential sources of error in mounting casts on the adjustable articulator thus preventing statistically different articulator settings.
ACUTE ORAL TOXICITY OF SODIUM CYANIDE IN BIRDS

Sensitivities of six avian species, black vulture (Coragyps atratus), American kestrel (Falco sparverius), Japanese quail (Coturnix japonica), domestic chicken (Gallus domesticus), eastern screech-owl (Otus asio), and European starling (Sturnus vulgaris), to acute poisoning by sodium cyanide (NaCN) were compared by single dose LD50's. Three species, domestic chickens, black vultures, and turkey vultures (Cathartes aura), were dosed with NaCN to determine cyanide residues in those that died and also in survivors, in addition to postmortem fate. Three flesh-eating species (black vulture, American kestrel, and eastern screech-owl; LD50's 4.0–8.6 mg/kg) were more sensitive to NaCN than three species (Japanese quail, domestic chicken, and European starling; LD50's 9.4–21 mg/kg) that fed predominantly on plant material. Elevated concentrations of cyanide were found in the blood of birds that died of cyanide poisoning; however, concentrations in birds that died overlapped those in survivors. Blood was superior to liver as the tissue of choice for detecting cyanide exposure. No gross pathological changes related to dosing were observed at necropsy.
The Biological Macromolecule Crystallization Database: crystallization procedures and strategies.

The Biological Macromolecule Crystallization Database (BMCD) archives crystallization data from published reports for all forms of biological macromolecules that have produced crystals suitable for X-ray diffraction studies. The information includes the crystallization conditions, crystal data, comments about the crystallization procedure and information on the biological macromolecule or biological macromolecule complex. Crystallization procedures, including fast screens and more general procedures, can be developed effectively using this web-based resource (http://wwwbmcd.nist.gov:8080/bmcd/bmcd.html).
Comparative Study of Offline Signature Verification Techniques

Today in the world of profit aiming mind, trust of people is at high risk where forgery is monotonous in which fake signature has come into limelight. The fraudulent signature thus needs to be verified using verification techniques. The signature forgery can be restricted by either online signature verification or offline signature verification techniques. Online signature on one hand verifies the signature by performing a match with the pre-processed signature dynamically by detecting the motion of stylus during signature while on other hand, offline verifies by performing a match using the two dimensional scanned image of the signature. This paper studies about the various techniques available in offline signature verification along with their shadows.
Psychosocial and Cultural Contexts in Intercultural Group Conflict and Social Problem Behaviors among High Risk Youth: Preliminary Findings.

The relationship between psychosocial and cultural factors, as potential mediators of intercultural group conflict among adolescents was studied. The study population for this ongoing study consists of mostly adolescent males aged 13 to 18 years who are attending court schools in California, and who are likely to be on probation or in restricted residential placements. Phase I activities of the study center on establishing new cultural measures and developing a better understanding of the targeted population by using a sample of San Jose County, urban high school students. In Phase 2, over 200 targeted youth will participate in an intervention in the court-operated schools that will provide skills training and cultural awareness and sensitivity training. This study focuses on the Phase 1 study of 205 local high school students and more than 400 adolescents representing the target population. Existing cultural measures were adapted for the surveys, and a new measure was developed. Phase 1 findings lead to challenging questions about intergroup and intragroup variability across cultural and gender groups. Results suggest the importance of cultural factors in intercultural group relations and in the psychosocial functioning of adolescent youths. Questions remain regarding the developmental differences among adolescents. (Contains one table and four references.) (SLD) ******************************************************************************** Reproductions supplied by EDRS are the best that can be made from the original document. ******************************************************************************** PSYCHOSOCIAL AND CULTURAL CONTEXTS IN INTERCULTURAL GROUP CONFLICT AND SOCIAL PROBLEM BEHAVIORS AMONG HIGH RISK YOUTH: PRELIMINARY FINDINGS
Emerging Oral Therapies for Multiple Sclerosis

Despite notable advances in the understanding of multiple sclerosis (MS) and the availability of several treatment options, there is a need for therapies that are more effective, safe, convenient, and well tolerated. Several new oral MS therapies are being investigated. Because data on these new therapies continue to emerge, nurses will play a pivotal role in educating patients regarding the benefits and risks of potential treatments and in monitoring patients for response, safety, tolerability, and adherence. This article reviews the oral MS therapies recently approved as well as those currently in development or submitted for Food and Drug Administration approval.
Comparison and unification of genomic signatures in breast cancer

The concept of deriving a gene signature in breast cancer has been addressed by different research groups, each one proposing a different solution with minor overlap among them. There is still an open issue of unifying results among different research groups. In this study we evaluate two published signatures, namely the 70 gene signature of Netherlands group and a 57 gene signature published in our previous study and propose an evaluation platform under which the underlined signatures could be compared effectively. After such an evaluation, we proceed with a unified signature and assess its performance with improved efficiency over the initial signatures.
Retinal vein occlusion: a venous complication in an “arterial” patient?

ypertension, hyperlipidaemia and diabetes are classical risk factors predisposing to retinal vein occlusion (RVO). The search for thrombophilic risk factors in these patients has been controversial and there is no agreement on which tests should be included and if the evaluation will offer some benefit or if it is just academic. At least, it has become clear that the classical venous thrombophilia (antithrombin III, protein S and protein C deficiency) is not associated with RVO, but the role of factor V Leiden and prothrombin mutation is less defined. M. Janssen et al (2; see pages1021-6) found in their meta-analysis that only antiphospholipid antibodies and hyperhomocysteinemia are significantly associated with RVO.