Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
UDP-Glucuronosyltransferase (UGT) 2B15 Pharmacogenetics: UGT2B15 D85Y Genotype and Gender Are Major Determinants of Oxazepam Glucuronidation by Human Liver

Oxazepam is a commonly used 1,4-benzodiazepine anxiolytic drug that is polymorphically metabolized in humans. However, the molecular basis for this phenomenon is currently unknown. We have previously shown that S-oxazepam glucuronide, the major oxazepam metabolite, is selectively formed by UDP-glucuronosyltransferase (UGT) 2B15, whereas the minor Roxazepam glucuronide is produced by multiple UGTs other than UGT2B15. Phenotype-genotype studies were conducted using microsomes and DNA prepared from the same set of 54 human livers. Sequencing of the UGT2B15 gene revealed three nonsynonymous polymorphisms, D85Y, T352I, and K523T, with variant allele frequencies of 0.56, 0.02, and 0.40, respectively. D85Y genotype showed a significant effect (p = 0.012) on S-oxazepam glucuronidation with lower median activities in 85Y/Y livers (49 pmol/min/mg protein) compared with 85D/D livers (131 pmol/min/mg), whereas 85D/Y livers were intermediate in activity (65 pmol/min/mg). There was also a significant trend (p = 0.049) for higher S-oxazepam activities in the two 352T/I livers (135 and 210 pmol/min/mg) compared with the remaining 352T/T livers (median, 64 pmol/min/mg). Conversely, K523T genotype had no apparent effect on oxazepam glucuronidation (p > 0.05). Donor gender also significantly influenced S-oxazepam glucuronidation with higher median activities in male (65 pmol/min/mg) compared with female (39 pmol/min/ mg) livers (p = 0.042). R-Oxazepam glucuronidation was not affected by either genotype or gender (p > 0.05). In conclusion, gender and D85Y genotype are identified as major determinants of S-oxazepam glucuronidation by human liver and may explain in part polymorphic oxazepam glucuronidation by human subjects.
Crime Type Document Classification from Arabic Corpus

This paper describes an initial prototype for identifying types of crime in a text within the crime domain. Two approaches are explored to perform recognition tasks. The first approach completely relies on direct recognition using gazetteers. In this case, lists of crime verbs and crime names are used. The second approach is a rule-based system. Rules are built based on the predefined crime indicator list that contains some important keywords. Even though the system is still under development, the initial results are promising.
CNN expression recognition based on feature graph

To solve the problem of training rate decline in neural network caused by too much noise in the traditional image, a new method of expression recognition based on CNN was proposed. First, in order to narrow the face range, face image could be detected from the original image by using the AdaBoost cascade classifier. Then, the coordinates of the eye, mouth and other key parts and brow, nasolabial and other fine features could be marked by using the Harr feature and the regression tree collection algorithm. After the fusion, the feature points were generated and sent into the neural network for training. This method was tested on the 2940 face expression peak images selected from the CK + data set. Comparing to the original picture training plan, the method increased the rate by about one in a tenth.
Experimental approaches to identify non-coding RNAs

Cellular RNAs that do not function as messenger RNAs (mRNAs), transfer RNAs (tRNAs) or ribosomal RNAs (rRNAs) comprise a diverse class of molecules that are commonly referred to as non-protein-coding RNAs (ncRNAs). These molecules have been known for quite a while, but their importance was not fully appreciated until recent genome-wide searches discovered thousands of these molecules and their genes in a variety of model organisms. Some of these screens were based on biocomputational prediction of ncRNA candidates within entire genomes of model organisms. Alternatively, direct biochemical isolation of expressed ncRNAs from cells, tissues or entire organisms has been shown to be a powerful approach to identify ncRNAs both at the level of individual molecules and at a global scale. In this review, we will survey several such wet-lab strategies, i.e. direct sequencing of ncRNAs, shotgun cloning of small-sized ncRNAs (cDNA libraries), microarray analysis and genomic SELEX to identify novel ncRNAs, and discuss the advantages and limits of these approaches.
Relationship between consonant recognition in noise and hearing threshold.

PURPOSE Although poorer understanding of speech in noise by listeners who are hearing-impaired (HI) is known not to be directly related to audiometric hearing threshold, HT (f), grouping HI listeners with HT (f) is widely practiced. In this article, the relationship between consonant recognition and HT (f) is considered over a range of signal-to-noise ratios (SNRs). METHOD Confusion matrices (CMs) from 25 HI ears were generated in response to 16 consonant-vowel syllables presented at 6 different SNRs. Individual differences scaling (INDSCAL) was applied to both feature-based matrices and CMs in order to evaluate the relationship between HT (f) and consonant recognition among HI listeners. RESULTS The results showed no predictive relationship between the percent error scores (Pe) and HT (f) across SNRs. The multiple regression models showed that the HT (f) accounted for 39% of the total variance of the slopes of the Pe. Feature-based INDSCAL analysis showed consistent grouping of listeners across SNRs, but not in terms of HT (f). Systematic relationship between measures was also not defined by CM-based INDSCAL analysis across SNRs. CONCLUSIONS HT (f) did not account for the majority of the variance (39%) in consonant recognition in noise when the complete body of the CM was considered.
Comparison of Temperature and Additives Affecting the Stability of the Probiotic Weissella cibaria

Daily use of probiotic chewing gum might have a beneficial effect on oral health, and it is important that the viability of the probiotics be maintained in this food product. In this study, we examined the stability of probiotic chewing gum containing Weissella cibaria. We evaluated the effects of various factors, including temperature and additives, on the survival of freeze-dried probiotic W. cibaria powder. No changes in viability were detected during storage at 4℃ for 5 months, whereas the viability of bacteria stored at 20℃ decreased. The stability of probiotic chewing gum decreased steadily during storage at 20℃ for 4 weeks. The viability of the freeze-dried W. cibaria mixed with various additives, such as xylitol, sorbitol, menthol, sugar ester, magnesium stearate, and vitamin C, was determined over a 4-week storage period at 20℃. Most of the freeze-dried bacteria except for those mixed with menthol and vitamin C were generally stable during a 3-week storage period. Overall, our study showed that W. cibaria was more stable at 4℃ than that at 20℃. In addition, menthol and vitamin C had a detrimental effect on the storage stability of W. cibaria. This is the first study to examine the effects of various chewing gum additives on the stability of W. cibaria. Further studies will be needed to improve the stability of probiotic bacteria for developing a novel probiotic W. cibaria gum.
Comments on: The Global Donor Platform for Rural Development (GDPRD): The Role of Agriculture and Rural Development in achieving the Millennium Development Goals: A joint donor narrative

Introduction Kjell Havnevik This interesting document1 covers a wide array of issues and argues Professor of Rural that increases in agricultural productivity constitute a necessary Development, condition for economic growth to take place in Africa. The Afri~ o r d i c ~ f r i c a Institute can continent is identified as a case where, overall, agricultural productivity remains at very low levels and poverty remains high. The number of poor people in Africa is likely to increase in the period 1990-20 15 unless a change in development patterns occurs. The document also states that 'the success of international donor support has not been as high as hoped for' (GDPRD, 2005: 40). One could possibly add that there has hardly been any success in terms of bringing about agricultural and broad-based development in sub-Saharan Africa (SSA). It could be argued that SSA has gone through two different development models since the period of colonisation: the state-led model, from 1960 to 1980, and the market-based one since the early 1980s (to which democratisation and decentralisation have been added since the early 1990s). However, neither development model has been able to contribute to a structural change of SSA economies and sustained poverty reduction.
Answering Frequent Probabilistic Inference Queries in Databases

Existing solutions for probabilistic inference queries mainly focus on answering a single inference query, but seldom address the issues of efficiently returning results for a sequence of frequent queries, which is more popular and practical in many real applications. In this paper, we mainly study the computation caching and sharing among a sequence of inference queries in databases. The clique tree propagation (CTP) algorithm is first introduced in databases for probabilistic inference queries. We use the materialized views to cache the intermediate results of the previous inference queries, which might be shared with the following queries, and consequently reduce the time cost. Moreover, we take the query workload into account to identify the frequently queried variables. To optimize probabilistic inference queries with CTP, we cache these frequent query variables into the materialized views to maximize the reuse. Due to the existence of different query plans, we present heuristics to estimate costs and select the optimal query plan. Finally, we present the experimental evaluation in relational databases to illustrate the validity and superiority of our approaches in answering frequent probabilistic inference queries.
Disarmament and the transition in Burundi : how soon?

This paper assesses the situation in Burundi with the focus on disarmament initiatives in the period up to the end of 2004. In order to elucidate the complexities involved in the disarmament process, which mirror those of the entire peace process, it first reviews the current situation in Burundi by examining the various structures in place with regard to disarmament. The paper further analyses the various hindrances standing in the way to a peaceful transition in Burundi, expected to take place in the first half of 2005. Various observations emerge at the conclusion of the paper.
Effects of Conventional Physical Therapy and Functional Strength Training on Upper Limb Motor Recovery After Stroke: A Randomized Phase II Study

Background. Functional training and muscle strength training may improve upper limb motor recovery after stroke. Combining these as functional strength training (FST) might enhance the benefit, but it is unclear whether this is better than conventional physical therapy (CPT). Comparing FST with CPT is not straightforward. Objective. This study aimed at assessing the feasibility of conducting a phase III trial comparing CPT with FST for upper limb recovery. Methods. Randomized, observer-blind, phase II trial. Subjects had upper limb weakness within 3 months of anterior circulation infarction. Subjects were randomized to CPT (no extra therapy), CPT + CPT, and CPT + FST. Intervention lasted 6 weeks. Primary outcome measure was the Action Research Arm Test (ARAT). Measurements were taken before treatment began, after 6 weeks of intervention, and 12 weeks thereafter. Attrition rate was calculated and differences between groups were interpreted using descriptive statistics. ARAT data were used to inform a power calculation. Results. Thirty subjects were recruited (8% of people screened). Attrition rate was 6.7% at outcome and 40% at follow-up. At outcome the CPT + FST group showed the largest increase in ARAT score and this was above the clinically important level of 5.7 points. Median (interquartile range) increases were 11.5 (21.0) for CPT; 8.0 (13.3) for CPT + CPT; and 19.5 (22.0) for CPT + FST. The estimated sample size for an adequately powered subsequent phase III trial was 279 subjects at outcome. Conclusion. Further work toward a phase III clinical trial appears justifiable.
The survival and function of baboon red blood cells, platelets, and plasma proteins: a review of the experience from 1972 to 2002 at the Naval Blood Research Laboratory, Boston, Massachusetts

The studies reported in this monograph were performed between 1972 and 2002 when it was possible to study healthy male and female baboons. A colony of baboons was maintained for 30 years without any adverse events observed in these baboons in the numerous studies that were performed. These protocols were reviewed and approved by the institutional animal care and use committees (IACUC) at the sites where the studies were performed and by the veterinarian services of the U.S. Navy’s Bureau of Medicine and Surgery, the Office of Naval Research, and the Department of Defense. The physiology of red blood cells (RBCs), platelets (PLTs), and plasma proteins in the baboon was investigated together with the viability and function of preserved RBCs, PLTs, and plasma proteins. These studies in the baboon could not have been performed in normal volunteers and patients. The data obtained have provided critical information to explain the clinical observations reported in normal volunteers and patients after transfusion of fresh and preserved blood products.
Examining Factors Affecting Customer Intention And Adoption Of Internet Banking In Jordan

This study aims to propose and validate a conceptual model demonstrating the main factors predicting customers’ intention and adoption of Internet banking in Jordan. The conceptual framework was theorised by integrating factors from the Extended Unified Theory of Acceptance and Use of Technology (UTAUT2): performance expectancy (PE), facilitating conditions (FC), and hedonic motivation (HM) along with perceived risk (PR) and trust (TR) were extracted from Internet banking literature. A self-administrative questionnaire has been employed to collect data from a convenience sample of three hundred and forty-eight Jordanian banking customers (69.6% response rate). By facilitating AMOS 21, a structural equation modelling (SEM) has been conducted to validate the proposed model and examine the research hypotheses. Statistical results approved that all predictors of behavioural intention (BI) have been recognised as significant. TR was the most influential factor predicting BI. This study ended by deliberating the research limitations and future directions.
Nomads and their Neighbours in the Russian Steppe: Turks, Khazars and Qipchaqs

Contents: Foreword PEOPLES AND CULTURES: Imperial ideology and the sources of political unity amongst the pre-Cinggisid nomads of Western Eurasia Turkic calques in medieval Eastern Slavic Khazaria and Judaism NOMADS AND THEIR NEIGHBOURS: The Turkic peoples and Caucasia The migrations of the Oguz The question of the Rus' Qaganate Aspects of the nomadic factor in the economic development of Kievan Rus' The Cernii Klobouci The Qipchaqs: The Qipcaqs of medieval Eurasia: an example of stateless adaptation in the Steppes The Polovci Dikii Cumanica I: the Qipcaqs in Georgia Cumanica II : the A-lberli (A-lperli): the fortunes and misfortunes of an inner Asian nomadic clan Cumanica III: Urusoba Wolves, dogs and Qipcaq religion Index.
Indigenous Case of Disseminated Histoplasmosis, Taiwan

We report the first indigenous case of disseminated histoplasmosis in Taiwan diagnosed by histopathology of bone marrow, microbiologic morphology, and PCR assay of the isolated fungus. This case suggests that histoplasmosis should be 1 of the differential diagnoses of opportunistic infections in immunocompromised patients in Taiwan.
Exploring and Modeling the Level of Service of Public Transit in Urban Areas: An Application to the Greater Toronto and Hamilton Area (GTHA), Canada

The design of policies for increasing public transit ridership is integral for strategies leading to sustainable transportation in large metropolitan areas. Assessing the availability of public transit (i.e. supply) as a viable mode of transportation can help in the design of such policies. This study examines transit service intensity at the census tract level by assembling and analyzing a suitable geographic infromation system (GIS) database for the Greater Toronto and Hamilton Area (GTHA). The authors utilize an improved version of the ‘Local Index of Transit Availability’ (LITA), which derives service levels based on the coverage, capacity, and frequency of the transit system. Transit service levels as measured by LITA, are linked to a number of socio-economic and spatial characteristics via a simultaneous auto-regressive (SAR) model. Results indicate that the core areas of municipalities were not necessarily well serviced by public transit. Suburban peripheral tracts and those adjacent to the shoreline were characterized by average transit service at best, and tracts adjacent to municipal borders indicated discontinuity in transit service. Furthermore, previous studies often overlooked the impact of spatial effects by utilizing the conventional ordinary least squares (OLS) regression modeling technique. The use of the SAR model in this study corrected for that and enhanced the overall explanatory power of the modeled data. The estimation results indicate that variables such as population density, income, percentage of recent immigrants, percentage of young adults and percentage of elderly population are key variables to explain transit availability in the GTHA.
Using the metaphysics of quality to define design science

Design has evolved from a craft into an academic discipline, but it still falls short on defining its own science. I review previous approaches to Design Science and conclude that the subject-object dualism is the one of the main obstacles. I then apply the Metaphysics of Quality to overcome the dualism and propose Quality as the phenomenon of Design Science. Next, I propose to utilize the analysis of interaction effects as a mean to investigate Quality. Last, I recommend steps we can take to mature this new Design Science and strategies how we can gain the acknowledgement of the other sciences.
The Kaposi's Sarcoma-Associated Herpesvirus K12 Transcript from a Primary Effusion Lymphoma Contains Complex Repeat Elements, Is Spliced, and Initiates from a Novel Promoter

ABSTRACT Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus (KSHV) latently infects KS tumors, primary effusion lymphomas (PELs), and PEL cell lines. K12 (T0.7) is the most abundant transcript expressed in latent KSHV infection. We characterize here the K12 transcript from a PEL tumor prior to passage in cell culture. The PEL tumor KSHV K12 transcript contained additional complex nucleotide repeat elements compared to the previously described K12 message of the BCBL-1 PEL cell line. The PEL tumor lacked kaposin B, the predominant BCBL-1 K12 protein product, but encoded kaposins A and C. The K12 transcript was spliced and the splicing event occurred in all KSHV isolates tested. The 5′ end of the K12 transcript was mapped by 5′ RACE (rapid amplification of cDNA ends) and S1 nuclease protection assays and was at the site of an active promoter. This work demonstrates that the K12 transcript contains variable, complex repeat elements, is spliced and is expressed from a novel KSHV promoter.
High-resolution light field cameras based on a hybrid imaging system

Compared to traditional digital cameras, light field (LF) cameras measure not only the intensity of rays, but also their light field information. As LF cameras trade a good deal of spatial resolution for extra angular information, they provide lower spatial resolution than traditional digital cameras. In this paper, we show a hybrid imaging system consisting of a LF camera and a high-resolution traditional digital camera, achieving both high spatial resolution and high angular resolution. We build an example prototype using a Lytro camera and a DSLR camera to generate a LF image with 10 megapixel spatial resolution and get high-resolution digital refocused images, multi-view images and all-focused images.
A selection technique for replicated multicast video servers

In this paper, we propose a selection technique for replicated multicast video servers. We assume that each replicated video server transmits the same video source as different quality levels of multicast streams. Using an IGMP facility like m-trace, each receiver monitors packet count information of those streams on routers and periodically selects the one which is expected to provide low loss rate and to be suitable for the current available bandwidth of receivers. Moreover, collection of packet count information is done in a scalable and efficient manner by sharing the collected information across receivers. Our experimental results using the network simulator have shown that our method could achieve much higher quality satisfaction of receivers, under the reasonable amount of tracing traffic.
Linear theory of coupling EM power from waveguide arrays to a plasma in a magnetic field

A general, linear theory of coupling electromagnetic fields from free-space waveguides to an inhomogeneous plasma in a magnetic field is presented. Full account is taken of all the waveguide modes and the complete electrodynamics of the cold, inhomogeneous plasma in the coupling region. Far away from the coupling region the plasma is assumed to be absorptive (or to have a known reflectivity) and the waveguides to propagate only their dominant modes. The formulation is geared to obtain the reflection coefficients in the waveguides and the excitation of waves in the plasma. The results are applicable to RF heating of plasmas whose size is large compared to the waveguide array, as would be the case in a fusion reactor, and valid for the frequency regimes of either ion-cyclotron (harmonic), or lower-hybrid, or electron-cyclotron (harmonic) heating.
Cache cookies for browser authentication

Like conventional cookies, cache cookies are data objects that servers store in Web browsers. Cache cookies, however, are unintentional byproducts of protocol design for browser caches. They do not enjoy any explicit interface support or security policies. In this paper, we show that despite limitations, cache cookies can play a useful role in the identification and authentication of users. Many users today block conventional cookies in their browsers as a privacy measure. The cache-cookie tools we propose can help restore lost usability and convenience to such users while maintaining good privacy. As we show, our techniques can also help combat online security threats such as phishing and pharming that ordinary cookies cannot. The ideas we introduce for cache-cookie management can strengthen ordinary cookies as well. The full version of this paper may be referenced at www.ravenwhite. com