Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Seasonality in Polyps of a Tropical Cubozoan: A latina nr mordens

A latina nr mordens have been located in large predictable spawning aggregations near Osprey Reef in the Coral Sea eight to ten days after a full moon; however, polyps have never been located in-situ. The polyp stage contributes to the abundance of medusae through asexual reproduction and metamorphosis, and may influence the periodicity of medusae by metamorphosis of the polyp. To elucidate the relationship between medusae periodicity and polyp ecology, polyps were exposed to thermal and osmotic treatments in order to determine the theoretical environmental limits to their distribution. Maximum fecundity occurred in thermal treatments of 21 to 25ºC and the theoretical minimum thermal requirement for population stability was approximately 17ºC. Polyps were also exposed to five feeding regimes and fecundity was found to be positively correlated with feeding frequency. Thermal and osmotic variations did not induce metamorphosis in this species, however, reduced food did. The implications of asexual reproduction and cues for metamorphosis in relation to population dynamics of this species are discussed.
Control of Urania Crystallite Size by HMTA-Urea Reactions in the Internal Gelation Process for Preparing (U, Pu)O2Fuel Kernels

In the development of (U,Pu)O{sub 2} kernels by the internal gelation process for the Direct Press Spheroidized process at Oak Ridge National Laboratory, a novel crystal growth step was discovered that made it possible to prepare calcined porous kernels that could be used as direct-press feed for Fast Breeder Reactor pellet fabrication. High-quality pellets were prepared that were near theoretical density and that (upon examination) revealed no evidence of sphere remnants. The controlled crystal growth step involved using hexamethylenetetramine (HMTA)-urea stock solutions that were boiled for 60 min or less. Before this discovery, all the other crystal growth steps (when utilized) could reduce the tap density to only {approx}1.3 g/cm{sup 3}, which was not sufficiently low for use in ideal pellet pressing. The use of the boiled HMTA-urea solution allowed the tap density to be lowered to 0.93 g/cm{sup 3}, with the ideal density being about 1.0 g/cm{sup 3}. This report describes the development of this technology and its scaleup.
Capacity Allocation and Pricing Strategies for Wireless Femtocell Services

Indoor cell phone users often suffer from poor connectivity. One promising solution, femtocell technology, has been rapidly developed and deployed over the past few years. One of the biggest challenges for femtocell deployment is lack of a clear business model. This paper investigates the economic incentive for the cellular operator (also called macrocell operator) to enable femtocell service by leasing spectrum resource to an independent femtocell operator. On the one hand, femtocell services can increase communication service quality and thus increase the efficiency of the spectrum resource. On the other hand, femtocell services may introduce more competition to the market. We model the interactions between a macrocell operator, a femtocell operator, and users as a three-stage dynamic game, and derive the equilibrium pricing and capacity allocation decisions. We show that when spectrum resources are very limited, the macrocell operator has incentive to lease spectrum to femtocell operators, as femtocell service can provide access to more users and efficiently increase the coverage. However, when the total spectrum resource is large, femtocell service offers significant competition to macrocell service. Macrocell operator thus has less incentive to enable femtocell service. We also investigate the issue of additional operational cost and limited coverage of femtocell service on equilibrium decisions, consumer surplus and social welfare.
Soldering with solid state and diode lasers: Energy coupling, temperature rise, process window

The increasing number of electrical contacts in automobiles in combination with more complex and miniaturized components leads to higher requirements for the joining technologies. In that context, laser soldering represents an interesting alternative to conventional techniques. So far, solid state lasers [Nd:yttrium–aluminum–garnet (YAG)] and CO2 lasers have been successfully applied in industrial production. Recently, the development of high power diode lasers has offered a new laser source for soldering with technological advantages. Absorptivity of laser radiation on metals, generally increases with shorter wavelength and, consequently, diode lasers may lead to a higher process efficiency compared to Nd:YAG lasers. The absorptivity of copper alloys with different surface conditions has been measured at 808 nm (diode) and 1064 nm (Nd:YAG). When heating up the solder joint, the intensity distribution of the different laser spots becomes important, too. This effect is demonstrated by means of process mode.
“One of our hosts in another country”: Challenges of data geolocation in cloud storage

Physical location of data in cloud storage is an increasingly urgent problem. In a short time, it has evolved from the concern of a few regulated businesses to an important consideration for many cloud storage users. One of the characteristics of cloud storage is fluid transfer of data both within and among the data centres of a cloud provider. However, this has weakened the guarantees with respect to control over data replicas, protection of data in transit and physical location of data. This paper addresses the lack of reliable solutions for data placement control in cloud storage systems. We analyse the currently available solutions and identify their shortcomings. Furthermore, we describe a high-level architecture for a trusted, geolocation-based mechanism for data placement control in distributed cloud storage systems, which are the basis of an on-going work to define the detailed protocol and a prototype of such a solution. This mechanism aims to provide granular control over the capabilities of tenants to access data placed on geographically dispersed storage units comprising the cloud storage.
Cascaded estimation architecture for integration of foot-mounted inertial sensors

An algorithm for integrating foot-mounted inertial sensor platforms is presented. The proposed integration scheme is based on a cascaded estimation architecture. A lower Kalman filter is used to estimate the step-wise change of position and direction of one or optionally both feet respectively. These estimates are used in turn as measurements in an upper particle filter, which is able to incorporate nonlinear map-matching techniques. To ease the integration of both feet a simple mechanical pedestrian model is developed. The proposed algorithm is verified using computer simulations and experimental data.
Regulation of Salmonella typhimurium virulence gene expression by cationic antimicrobial peptides

Cationic antimicrobial peptides (CAMP) represent a conserved and highly effective component of innate immunity. During infection, the Gram‐negative pathogen Salmonella typhimurium induces different mechanisms of CAMP resistance that promote pathogenesis in animals. This study shows that exposure of S. typhimurium to sublethal concentrations of CAMP activates the PhoP/PhoQ and RpoS virulence regulons, while repressing the transcription of genes required for flagella synthesis and the invasion‐associated type III secretion system. We further demonstrate that growth of S. typhimurium in low doses of the α‐helical peptide C18G induces resistance to CAMP of different structural classes. Inducible resistance depends on the presence of PhoP, indicating that the PhoP/PhoQ system can sense sublethal concentrations of cationic antimicrobial peptides. Growth of S. typhimurium in the presence of CAMP also leads to RpoS‐dependent protection against hydrogen peroxide. Because bacterial resistance to oxidative stress and CAMP are induced during infection of animals, CAMP may be an important signal recognized by bacteria on colonization of animal tissues.
Pluggable Type Systems

Traditionally, statically typed programming languages incorporate a built-in static type system. This system is typically mandatory: every legal program must successfully typecheck according to the rules of the type system. In contrast, optional type systems are neither syntactically nor semantically required, and have no effect on the dynamic semantics of the language. This in turn enables pluggable type systems [Bra03, Bra04], allowing multiple type systems to be used simultaneously and/or sequentially for various semantic analyses. We argue that pluggable types can provide most of the advantages of mandatory type systems without most of the drawbacks. 1 Mandatory Typing Considered Harmful Mainstream programming languages incorporate mandatory type systems. These type systems are widely perceived to enhance software reliability and security, by mechanically proving program properties. Paradoxically, such mandatory type systems inhibit software reliability and security, because they contribute to system complexity and brittleness. The advantages of mandatory typing are widely recognized: • Types provide a form of machine-checkable documentation. • Types provide a conceptual framework for the programmer, that is extremely useful for program design, maintenance and understanding. • Types support early error detection. • Languages with mandatory types can be optimized based on type information, yielding significant performance advantages. The disadvantages of mandatory typing are not as universally acknowledged. Types constrain the expressiveness of the language. While all major programming languages are Turing-complete, and so may be considered “equally expressive”, the fact is that a mandatory type system greatly reduces the number of legal programs that can be expressed in a language.
Supporting Information Reconstructing the History of Marriage and Residence Strategies in Indo-European—Speaking Societies

Cross-Cultural Data. Variable identifiers in this section follow Gray’s (1999) Ethnographic Atlas (EA) codebook. I collated the cross-cultural sample by matching societies scored as speaking Indo-European (IE) languages (based on EA variable 98) with speech varieties in Dyen et al.’s (1992) IE basic vocabulary database, where needed using information from additional ethnographic and linguistic sources (e.g., Gordon 2005; Levinson 1991–1996; Price 1989; Ruhlen 1991). I also checked for correspondence between speech varieties in the linguistic database and the 62 societies in the EA with linguistic affiliation unknown and located in East Eurasia or in the Circum-Mediterranean region (based on EA variable 91). In some cases, more than one speech variety in the linguistic database could be matched with the same society in the EA. For example, Dyen et al. (1992) include five entries for Greek: three for dialectal forms (Greek D, Greek K, Greek ML), one for modern Greek (Greek Mod), and one for modern spoken
Left ventricle motion estimation for cardiac cine MRI using graph matching

A novel approach based on graph matching for myocardial motion estimation using cine MRI is presented in this paper. The dissimilarity measure between nodes and that between edges are defined to construct a cost function to measure the dissimilarity between two graphs. The sparsity constraint and affine constraint are introduced into the cost function. The alternating direction method of multipliers (ADMM) is employed to optimized the cost function. By evaluating the performance of our approach on the public cardiac dataset, experimental results show that our approach is more robust to estimate the correspondence between contours of LV than existed graph matching algorithms, which achieves more accurate motion estimation results.
Two-way source coding through a relay

A 3-node lossy source coding problem for a 2-DMS (X1,X2) is considered. Source nodes 1 and 2 observe X1 and X2, respectively, and each wishes to reconstruct the other source with a prescribed distortion. To achieve these goals, nodes 1 and 2 send descriptions of their sources to relay node 3. The relay node then broadcasts a joint description to the source nodes. A cutset outer bound and a compress-linear code inner bound are established and shown to coincide in several special cases. A compute-compress inner bound is then presented and shown to outperform the compress-linear code in some cases. An outer bound based on Kaspi's converse for the two-way source coding problem is shown to be strictly tighter than the cutset outer bound.
Oxygen incorporation in aluminum nitride via extended defects: Part II. Structure of curved inversion domain boundaries and defect formation

Three distinct morphologies of curved (curved, facetted, and corrugated) inversion domain boundaries (IDB’s), observed in aluminum nitride, have been investigated using conventional transmission electron microscopy, convergent beam electron diffraction, high-resolution transmission electron microscopy, analytical electron microscopy, and atomistic computer simulations. The interfacial structure and chemistry of the curved and facetted defects have been studied, and based upon the experimental evidence, a single model has been proposed for the curved IDB which is consistent with all three observed morphologies. The interface model comprises a continuous nitrogen sublattice, with the aluminum sublattice being displaced across a {1011} plane, and having a displacement vector R = 0.23〈0001〉. This displacement translates the aluminum sublattice from upwardly pointing to downwardly pointing tetrahedral sites, or vice versa, in the wurtzite structure. The measured value of the displacement vector is between 0.05〈0001〉 and 0.43〈0001〉; the variation is believed to be due to local changes in chemistry. This is supported by atomistic calculations which indicate that the interface is most stable when both aluminum vacancies and oxygen ions are present at the interface, and that the interface energy is independent of displacement vector in the range of 0.05〈0001〉 to 0.35〈0001〉. The curved IDB’s form as a result of nonstoichiometry within the crystal. The choice of curved IDB morphology is believed to be controlled by local changes in chemistry, nonstoichiometry at the interface, and proximity to other planar IDB’s (the last reason is explained in Part III). A number of possible formation mechanisms are discussed for both planar and curved IDB’s. The Burgers vector for the dislocation present at the intersection of the planar and curved IDB’s was determined to be b = 1/3〈1010〉 + t 〈0001〉, where t _meas = 0.157 and t _calc = 0.164.
Cholesterol Metabolism in Cholesteatoma and Cholesterol Granuloma

Based on biochemical and morphological studies, the significance of cholesterol in cholesteatoma and cholesterol granuloma is discussed. In cholesteatoma, cholesterol is synthesized through desmosterol and Δ7-cholestenol (lathosterol), possibly in the matrix. Cholesterol crystal might have educed from keratin layers or a cell-disintegrated layer adjacent to the matrix by a physicochemical rather than by a biochemical process. Production of cholesterol in the matrix may differ depending on the cell cycle. In cholesterol granuloma, cholesterol may be derived from blood with some other compositions such as albumin and cholestanol. although other sources cannot be denied. Crystallized cholesterol is treated by the surrounding tissue as a foreign body; this results in formation of granuloma. The Δ7-cholestenol is not involved in the biosynthesis of cholesterol in cholesterol granuloma.
Covariance Versus Precision Matrix Estimation for Efficient Asset Allocation

Asset allocation constitutes one of the most crucial and most challenging tasks in financial engineering, which often requires the estimation of large covariance or precision matrices, from short time-span multivariate observations, a mandatory yet difficult step. The present contribution reviews and compares a large selection of estimators for covariance and precision matrices, organized into classes of estimation principles (direct, factor, shrinkage, sparsity). This includes the theoretical derivation of several additional estimators not available in the literature. Rather than assessing estimation performance from synthetic data based on a priori selected models of questionable practical interest, it is chosen here to evaluate practically the quality of these estimators directly from portfolio selection performance, quantified by financial criteria. Portfolio selection is conducted over two datasets of different natures: a 15-year large subset (within Stoxx Europe 600) of 244 European stock returns, and a 50-year benchmark dataset of 90 US equity portfolios. This large scale comparative study addresses issues such as the relative benefits and difficulties of using robust versus direct estimates, of choosing precision or covariance estimates, of quantifying the impacts of constraints.
BMP and Delta/Notch signaling control the development of amphioxus epidermal sensory neurons: insights into the evolution of the peripheral sensory system

The evolution of the nervous system has been a topic of great interest. To gain more insight into the evolution of the peripheral sensory system, we used the cephalochordate amphioxus. Amphioxus is a basal chordate that has a dorsal central nervous system (CNS) and a peripheral nervous system (PNS) comprising several types of epidermal sensory neurons (ESNs). Here, we show that a proneural basic helix-loop-helix gene (Ash) is co-expressed with the Delta ligand in ESN progenitor cells. Using pharmacological treatments, we demonstrate that Delta/Notch signaling is likely to be involved in the specification of amphioxus ESNs from their neighboring epidermal cells. We also show that BMP signaling functions upstream of Delta/Notch signaling to induce a ventral neurogenic domain. This patterning mechanism is highly similar to that of the peripheral sensory neurons in the protostome and vertebrate model animals, suggesting that they might share the same ancestry. Interestingly, when BMP signaling is globally elevated in amphioxus embryos, the distribution of ESNs expands to the entire epidermal ectoderm. These results suggest that by manipulating BMP signaling levels, a conserved neurogenesis circuit can be initiated at various locations in the epidermal ectoderm to generate peripheral sensory neurons in amphioxus embryos. We hypothesize that during chordate evolution, PNS progenitors might have been polarized to different positions in various chordate lineages owing to differential regulation of BMP signaling in the ectoderm.
Physical-chemical Characterization OfA Galvanic Sludge And Its InertizationBy Vitrification Using Container Glass

Several industrial processes produce large amounts of heavy metals-rich wastes, which could be considered as “trash-can raw materials”. The incorporation in ceramic systems can be regarded as a key process to permanently incorporate hazardous heavy metals in stable matrixes. In particular the aim of this work is to prepare and evaluate environmental risk assessment of coloured glass and glass-ceramic with the addition of chromium(III) galvanic sludge having a high content of Cr2O3 (15.91 wt%). Trivalent chromium compounds generally have low toxicity while hexavalent chromium is recognized by the International Agency for Research on Cancer and by the US Toxicology Program as a pulmonary carcinogen. The sludge has been characterized by ICP –AES chemical analysis, powder XRD diffraction, DTA, SEM, leaching test after different thermal treatments ranging from 400°C to 1200°C. Batch compositions were prepared by mixing this sludge with glass containers. The glass container composition is rich in SiO2 (69.89 wt%), Na2O (12.32 wt%) and CaO (11.03 wt%), while the sludge has a high amount of CaO (42.90 wt%) and Cr2O3 (15.91 wt%). The vitrification was carried out at 1450°C in an electrical melting furnace for 2 h followed by quenching in water or on graphite mould. Chromium incorporation mechanisms, vitrification processability, effect of initial Cr oxidation state, and product performance were investigated. In particular toxic characterization by leaching procedure and chemical durability studies of the glasses and glass-ceramics were used to evaluate the leaching of heavy metals (in particular of Cr). The results indicate that all the glasses obtained were inert and the heavy metals were immobilized.
Discriminating between similar languages in Twitter using label propagation

Identifying the language of social media messages is an important first step in linguistic processing. Existing models for Twitter focus on content analysis, which is successful for dissimilar language pairs. We propose a label propagation approach that takes the social graph of tweet authors into account as well as content to better tease apart similar languages. This results in state-of-the-art shared task performance of $76.63\%$, $1.4\%$ higher than the top system.
Rheological and Textural Properties of Short (Cookie) Dough Made with Two Types of Resistant Starch

The influence of two types of resistant starch, type 3 (RS3) and type 4 (RS4), on the rheological and textural properties of short (cookie) dough was studied. RS3 or RS4 were added in dough as a replacement of flour in concentrations of 0, 5, 10 and 15%. In all dough samples, the use of RS resulted in the increase of elastic and viscous moduli and the lowering of loss tangent, which indicates that it is characteristically more elastic (because of the ability of RS to bind water). Generally, the incorporation of the RSs reduced creep and recovery compliance and elevated zero shear viscosity. Samples with the RS3 and RS4 addition had a less destructive structure and a greater ability for recovery. Control sample had significantly lower extensibility and resistance to extension than all samples containing the RSs. The increasing proportion of both RS ingredients in the formulation produced softer doughs. Practical Applications Resistant starch (RS) is included in the definition of dietary fiber and demonstrates similar physiological benefits as dietary fiber. RS has better taste, color and aroma than “conventional” fibers. The application of RS in cookie formulations can improve nutritional quality of cookies by increasing the fiber content and reducing the energy value. The present results demonstrated that both RS ingredients have good potential for developing fiber-rich cookies and similar products.
Ellipsometric spectroscopy studies of compaction and decompaction of Si-SiO2 systems

The influence of the strain on the optical properties of Si-SiO2 system has been investigated by spectroscopic ellipsometry (SE), interferometry and weighing methods. Subtle changes of densification (compaction degree) in silicon dioxide layers on silicon substrates have been determined by weight technique (relying on measurements of the silicon dioxide layer mass and calculations of the volume). Elastic stress in the oxide layers has been measured by Fizeau fringes image analysis method. A comparison is made between the density of the silicon dioxide (ρ ) and the results of calculations made using ρ = f (n) relations (where n is the refractive index) given in the literature. Keywords— Si-SiO2 system, density, refractive index, spectroscopic ellipsometry.