Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
A Local Network Based on the UNIX Operating System

The design and implementation of a local network operating ystem based on the UNIX1operating system is described. UNIX has been extended to allow existing programs to access remote resources with no source program changes. Programs may access remote files, have a remote working directory, execute remote programs, and communicate with remote processes using the standard UNIX interprocess communication mechanism (pipe's). An efficient message-oriented interprocess communication mechanism and asynchronous I/O were added to the system to support the development of distributed applications and to make it easier to connect the local network to packet-switched networks.
Quality control of serum albumin depletion for proteomic analysis.

BACKGROUND Prefractionation techniques such as serum albumin depletion are useful precursors to proteomic analysis, but they may introduce preanalytical bias if the depletion is not reproducible. We examined the reproducibility of albumin immunodepletion and describe a method of QC for this process. METHODS Depletion of albumin from pooled serum, performed using IgY immunoaffinity spin columns, was assessed for 21 runs on each of 4 columns. We measured albumin concentrations, after albumin depletion, by use of an immunoturbidimetric assay on the Beckman LX 20 analyzer and assessed mass spectra of albumin-depleted samples by use of SELDI-TOF mass spectrometry. RESULTS There was substantial run-to-run variation in efficiency of albumin depletion, with systematic decline in efficiency after multiple uses of the columns. Mean depletion efficiency was >95% for 15 of the 1st 17 runs and <90% for runs 18 to 21. We evaluated the 10 highest-intensity peaks present in all spectra from runs 1, 8, 17, and 21 and assessed the effect of albumin depletion on SELDI-TOF mass spectrometry reproducibility. Comparing the %CV of relative intensities for low and high m/z measurements revealed a significant difference of run 21 compared with runs 1, 8, and 17 (P <0.0001). Six-fold more peaks were found in albumin-depleted than unfractionated serum at both high and low m/z. CONCLUSIONS Sporadic and systematic variation in efficiency of albumin depletion by spin columns may contribute significant preanalytical bias to proteomic approaches of biomarker discovery. This variation requires ongoing QC of the albumin depletion process by quantification of albumin concentration to assess depletion efficiency.
Slow-light optical buffers: capabilities and fundamental limitations

This paper presents an analysis of optical buffers based on slow-light optical delay lines. The focus of this paper is on slow-light delay lines in which the group velocity is reduced using linear processes, including electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT), population oscillations (POs), and microresonator-based photonic-crystal (PC) filters. We also consider slow-light delay lines in which the group velocity is reduced by an adiabatic process of bandwidth compression. A framework is developed for comparing these techniques and identifying fundamental physical limitations of linear slow-light technologies. It is shown that slow-light delay lines have limited capacity and delay-bandwidth product. In principle, the group velocity in slow-light delay lines can be made to approach zero. But very slow group velocity always comes at the cost of very low bandwidth or throughput. In many applications, miniaturization of the delay line is an important consideration. For all delay-line buffers, the minimum physical size of the buffer for a given number of buffered data bits is ultimately limited by the physical size of each stored bit. We show that in slow-light optical buffers, the minimum achievable size of 1 b is approximately equal to the wavelength of light in the buffer. We also compare the capabilities and limitations of a range of delay-line buffers, investigate the impact of waveguide losses on the buffer capacity, and look at the applicability of slow-light delay lines in a number of applications.
An Interdisciplinary Perspective to the Design and Decision Support of Integral Safety Systems

Next generation integral safety systems are expected to provide better protection against traffic accidents by interlinking sensors and actuators of active and passive safety. A series of advanced functions will be used to mitigate collisions and if they cannot be avoided they will at least reduce their severity. We explore the interplay between key technology areas towards a holistic approach in the design and decision support of integral safety systems. First, we refer to the main problems in the design of effective systems and the associated software engineering challenges. Recent advances in sensor data analytics are then explored and their integration with decision support for vehicle control is examined. Finally, we envision that rigorous design techniques based on models for human-machine interaction are essential for achieving adequate performance and robustness of integral safety systems.
arsRBOCT Arsenic Resistance System Encoded by Linear Plasmid pHZ227 in Streptomyces sp. Strain FR-008

ABSTRACT In the arsenic resistance gene cluster from the large linear plasmid pHZ227, two novel genes, arsO (for a putative flavin-binding monooxygenase) and arsT (for a putative thioredoxin reductase), were coactivated and cotranscribed with arsR1-arsB and arsC, respectively. Deletion of the ars gene cluster on pHZ227 in Streptomyces sp. strain FR-008 resulted in sensitivity to arsenic, and heterologous expression of the ars gene cluster in the arsenic-sensitive Streptomyces strains conferred resistance on the new hosts. The pHZ227 ArsB protein showed homology to the yeast arsenite transporter Acr3p. The pHZ227 ArsC appears to be a bacterial thioredoxin-dependent ArsC-type arsenate reductase with four conserved cysteine thioredoxin-requiring motifs.
Machine Learning for Sentiment Analysis on the Experience Project

The goal of sentiment analysis is to extract human emotions from text. This paper applies various machine learning algorithms to predict reader reaction to excerpts from the Experience Project. Metrics such as accuracy of prediction and precision/recall are presented to gauge the success of these different algorithms. We propose a system to process the documents and to predict human reactions, as well as provide results. We discuss various methods and their advantages and disadvantages in sentiment analysis for these documents. Finally, we comment on applying our findings to sentiment analysis in a more general sense.
Direct experience and attitude change towards bears and wolves

Understanding how changes in the sizes of large carnivore populations affect the attitudes of the public is vital in order to mitigate social conflicts over large carnivore management issues. Using data from two Swedish postal surveys in 2004 and 2009, we examined the probable social effects of a continued increase in the Swedish populations of bear and wolf by comparing levels of direct experience of bears and wolves with public attitudes towards these animals. We report an increase in direct experience of bears and wolves, lower levels of acceptance of the existence of these animals, and a lower degree of support for the policy goals of both species in 2009 compared to 2004. We also find that these changes are more prominent in areas with local carnivore populations than in other areas of Sweden. Our results imply that attitudes towards bears and wolves are likely to become more negative as populations continue to grow. The uneven distributions of the carnivore populations are likely to generate more frequent social conflicts in the future as they could cause an increase in the attitudinal divide between those members of the Swedish public who have had direct experiences of carnivores and those who have not.
Empirical Evidence of Airline Merger Waves Based on A Selective Entry Model

Ever since the Deregulation Act in 1978 in the U.S. airline industry, there have been series of major airline mergers and acquisitions, notably three major waves in the 1980’s, 1990’s, and late 2000’s. These mergers, especially the more recent multi-billion mergers (e.g. DeltaNorthwest, United-Continental) have shown a trend of substantial market consolidation that inevitably worries consumers as well as the U.S. Department of Justice (DoJ). Most academic literature to date have tried to study mergers in a static setting where these mergers are assumed to be exogenous. However, the clear pattern of merger waves in the airline industry, as well as many other industries, suggests strong correlation between mergers. A few studies that attempted at a dynamic merger model remain theoretical due to computational barriers. In this paper, I found empirical evidence of merger waves by investigating the change of airline carriers’ incentive to merge after another merger between two other carriers. These results are based on a structural model of the U.S. airline industry, in which I estimate demand with a standard (for differentiated product markets) discrete-choice nested logit model, but allow for selection on entrants’ costs and qualities, i.e. firms with lower costs and higher qualities would have been selected into the market before the merger, suggesting that post-merger entry is less likely than what non-selective entry models have predicted. JEL Classification Numbers: L13; L25; L93.
Chemotherapy-induced peripheral neuropathy in adults: a comprehensive update of the literature

Commonly used chemotherapeutic agents in oncology/hematology practice, causing toxic peripheral neuropathy, include taxanes, platinum compounds, vinca alkaloids, proteasome inhibitors, and antiangiogenic/immunomodulatory agents. This review paper intends to put together and discuss the spectrum of chemotherapy-induced peripheral neuropathy (CIPN) characteristics so as to highlight areas of future research to pursue on the topic. Current knowledge shows that the pathogenesis of CIPN still remains elusive, mostly because there are several sites of involvement in the peripheral nervous system. In any case, it is acknowledged that the dorsal root ganglia of the primary sensory neurons are the most common neural targets of CIPN. Both the incidence and severity of CIPN are clinically under- and misreported, and it has been demonstrated that scoring CIPN with common toxicity scales is associated with significant inter-observer variability. Only a proportion of chemotherapy-treated patients develop treatment-emergent and persistent CIPN, and to date it has been impossible to predict high-and low-risk subjects even within groups who receive the same drug regimen. This issue has recently been investigated in the context of pharmacogenetic analyses, but these studies have not implemented a proper methodological approach and their results are inconsistent and not really clinically relevant. As such, a stringent approach has to be implemented to validate that information. Another open issue is that, at present, there is insufficient evidence to support the use of any of the already tested chemoprotective agents to prevent or limit CIPN. The results of comprehensive interventions, including clinical, neurophysiological, and pharmacogenetic approaches, are expected to produce a consistent advantage for both doctors and patients and thus allow the registration and analysis of reliable data on the true characteristics of CIPN, eventually leading to potential preventive and therapeutic interventions.
Simply Invertible Matrices and Fast Prediction

We study invertibility of big n× n matrices. There exists a number of algorithms, especially in mathematical statistics and numerical mathematics, requiring to invert step by step large matrices which are closely related to each other. Standard inverting methods require O(n) arithmetical operations therefore using of these algorithms for big values of n becomes problematic. In this paper we introduce some classes of matrices that can be inverted by O(n) operations if we use inverse matrices of other closely related matrices. The most important among them are matrices having big common submatrix and modified sample covariance matrices. We apply our theoretical results constructing a fast algorithm for prediction. This algorithm demonstrates the advantage of our inverting methods and can be used, for example, for safety control in the plant.
Cost of Placement and Complications Associated With Osseointegrated Bone-Conducting Hearing Prostheses: A Retrospective Analysis of Medicare Billing Data

Objective To report the cost of placement and complications related to osseointegrated bone-conducting hearing prostheses (OBHPs) in a Medicare population. Materials and Methods We performed a retrospective analysis of nationwide Medicare claims data for operative and nonoperative complications associated with the placement of percutaneous OBHPs between the first quarter of 2007 and the second quarter of 2009 for which there were 6 subsequent quarters of follow-up. We used Medicare Standard Analytical Files (SAF), which contain a 5% random sample of Medicare fee-for-service beneficiaries, excluding those that also were enrolled in a managed-care organization. Results We identified 118 patients who had OBHPs placed in the requisite period. Their complication billing data were analyzed for the six-quarters after initial placement. Seventy patients (59%) had no billing codes for complications or repeat procedures after receiving the implant, whereas 48 patients (41%) had such codes. The total adjusted mean cost with repeat/revision operations or complications was $7,812 per patient compared with $6,733 for those without these issues, an increase of $1,079 or 16%. Discussion We estimate that complications associated with the implantation of percutaneous OBHPs led to $417,616 in additional costs in the entire Medicare fee-for-service population during the study period and that the total cost of placement of these devices together with the cost of their complications totaled $6,789,248. In conclusion, the Medicare SAF database suggests that complications associated with OBHP increased the overall cost of placement by 16%. Like all surgical procedures, these complications and their associated costs should be taken into account when considering treatment options for patients who experience hearing loss.
Posterior insular cortex – a site of vestibular–somatosensory interaction?

In previous imaging studies the insular cortex (IC) has been identified as an essential part of the processing of a wide spectrum of perception and sensorimotor integration. Yet, there are no systematic lesion studies in a sufficient number of patients examining whether processing of vestibular and the interaction of somatosensory and vestibular signals take place in the IC.
High-Resolution Radio Observations of the Colliding-Wind Binary WR 140

Milliarcsecond resolution Very Long Baseline Array (VLBA) observations of the archetype W-R+O star colliding-wind binary (CWB) system WR 140 are presented for 23 epochs between orbital phases 0.74 and 0.97. At 8.4 GHz, the emission in the wind-collision region (WCR) is clearly resolved as a bow-shaped arc that rotates as the orbit progresses. We interpret this rotation as due to the O star moving from southeast to approximately east of the W-R star, which leads to solutions for the orbital inclination of 122° ± 5°, longitude of the ascending node of 353° ± 3°, and an orbit semimajor axis of 9.0 ± 0.5 mas. The distance to WR 140 is determined to be 1.85 ± 0.16 kpc, which requires the O star to be a supergiant. The inclination implies that the mass of the W-R and O star is 20 ± 4 and 54 ± 10 M☉, respectively. We determine a wind momentum ratio of 0.22, with an expected half-opening angle for the WCR of 63°, consistent with 65° ± 10° derived from the VLBA observations. Total flux measurements from Very Large Array (VLA) observations show that the radio emission from WR 140 is very closely the same from one orbit to the next, pointing strongly toward emission, absorption, and cooling mechanism(s) that are controlled largely by the orbital motion. The synchrotron spectra evolve dramatically through the orbital phases observed, exhibiting both optically thin and optically thick emission. We discuss a number of absorption and cooling mechanisms that may determine the evolution of the synchrotron spectrum with orbital phase.
Search for abnormal thermal patterns in clinical thermal infrared imaging

This paper presents a technique to uncover abnormal thermal patterns in clinical thermal infrared images. When little information is known about pathological states, the search for abnormal thermal patterns is difficult. Supervised approaches require extensive knowledge about the distribution of abnormal patterns and are not appropriate for blind searches. We propose an approach that is based on a fusion of clusters from feature images and from an unsupervised clustering adaptive resonance theory (ART) neural network. We show that abnormal thermal patterns can be recovered in a selected number of controlled cases, where the number and location of anomalies are known. First results indicate the potential usefulness of our method for large scale screening of patients.
Porcine Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells Require LIF and Maintain Their Developmental Potential in Early Stage of Embryos

Porcine induced pluripotent stem (piPS) cell lines have been generated recently by using a cocktail of defined transcription factors, however, the features of authentic piPS cells have not been agreed upon and most of published iPS clones did not meet the stringent requirements of pluripotency. Here, we report the generation of piPS cells from fibroblasts using retrovirus carrying four mouse transcription factors (mOct4, mSox2, mKlf4 and mc-Myc, 4F). Multiple LIF-dependent piPS cell lines were generated and these cells showed the morphology similar to mouse embryonic stem cells and other pluripotent stem cells. In addition to the routine characterization, piPS cells were injected into porcine pre-compacted embryos to generate chimera embryos and nuclear transfer (NT) embryos. The results showed that piPS cells retain the ability to integrate into inner and outer layers of the blastocysts, and support the NT embryos development to blastocysts. The generations of chimera embryos and NT embryos derived from piPS clones are a practical means to determine the quality of iPS cells ex vivo.
A review of the causes, prevention, and welfare of nonambulatory cattle.

A major animal welfare issue facing the livestock industry is the care, handling, and transport of nonambulatory cattle. Consumers, researchers, practitioners , and animal protection organizations have questioned the quality of care provided to and management of nonambulatory cattle and raised questions about possible food safety concerns. Veterinarians and producers continue to be challenged with providing quality care for nonambulatory cattle. In addition, veterinarians are recognized as a credible source of information for consumers , regulators, and policy makers. Thus, it would be beneficial to provide peer-reviewed information to practitioners and others who must make clinical and policy decisions. Several sources a-f were searched by use of various key words to identify relevant peer-reviewed citations for the information reported here. In addition, governmental and lay reports were reviewed to ascertain policies , regulations, and historical data concerning non-ambulatory cattle. Existing peer-reviewed information was considered adequate by the authors for the development of recommended on-farm management practices that could result in a decrease in the incidence of, an improvement in the prognosis for, and a benefit to the well-being of nonambulatory cattle. Wide variation exists in the case definition and related terms applied to nonambulatory cattle. The colloquial term downer has been used since the 1950s to describe cattle that are too injured, weak, or sick to stand and walk. 1 The term creeper has been used to describe cattle that are unable to use their hind limbs but that could propel themselves short distances with their forelimbs. 2 More recently, the term downer has commonly denoted cattle that are unable to stand after 24 hours of recum-bency but that can maintain sternal recumbency. 3 Such cattle are sometimes referred to as alert downers to differentiate them from lethargic or moribund recumbent cattle that are unable to stand. The inclusion criteria A review of the causes, prevention, and welfare of nonambulatory cattle used to define cattle as nonambulatory are critically important when making comparisons among scientific studies, particularly when examining incidence rates and prognosis. The incidence of nonambulatory cattle in the United States has been estimated in a number of surveys conducted by industry, academia, and the government. Assessments of culled cattle in holding pens at 21 slaughter facilities throughout the United States provided estimated overall incidences of 1.15% 4 and 0.8% 5 for nonambulatory cattle during 1994 and 1999, respectively. Based on estimates of the number of non-fed cattle slaughtered …
The dimensions of maintenance

The area of software maintenance has been described by one author as an “iceberg. ” (EDP Analyzer, 1972) Much goes on here that does not currently meet the eye. In part, this is the consequence of measurement difficulties. Practitioners and researchers can benefit from an understanding of the “dimensionality” of the maintenance problem. Some measures are suggested for coming to grips with this dimensionality, and problems of utilization associated with these measures are explored.
Neutrophil extracellular traps involvement in corneal fungal infection

Purpose Neutrophils release neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) when defending against invading microorganisms. We investigated the existence of NETs in fungal keratitis. Methods Fourteen patients with unilateral fungal keratitis were included. Detailed information about each patient was recorded, including (1) patient history (onset of symptoms and previous therapy), (2) ocular examination findings by slit-lamp biomicroscopy, (3) laboratory findings from direct smear examination and culture of corneal scrapings, (4) NET formation, and (5) treatment strategy and prognosis. Immunofluorescence staining was used to evaluate the existence of NETs on corneal scrapings. The relationship between the quantification of NETs and the clinical character of the fungal keratitis was identified. Results NETs were identified in all 14 patients. Patients with a higher grade of NET formation and fewer fungal hyphae always showed a good treatment response and a short course of infection. NETs were consistently found mixed with fungal hyphae in the corneal scrapings from infected patients. No statistical significance was found between the grade of NETs formed and the course of infection before presentation, and no relationship between the quantification of NETs and the size of the ulcer was found. Conclusions The results suggest that NETs are involved in fungal keratitis. The number of NETs in infected corneas may provide a tool for evaluating the prognosis for fungal keratitis.
Süßer (und lebenswichtiger) Schlaf

Summary Summary: Um Schlafproblemen vorzubeugen oder sie zu behandeln, ist es wichtig, durch ausreichende Information über den Schlaf Missverständnissen und Mythen vorzubeugen. Schlaf wird in vier Stadien unterteilt: NREM (N1, N2, N3) und REM. Sie folgen zyklisch aufeinander und sind durch verschiedene physiologische Parameter gekennzeichnet. Die drei wichtigsten Funktionen des Schlafs sind: Erholung und Regeneration, Informationsverarbeitung und Entwicklung. Laut aktueller Forschung hat der Schlaf viele weitere (zum Teil noch unbekannte) Aufgaben inne.