Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Unemployment and economic security for young adults in Finland Norway and Sweden : from unemployment protection to poverty relief

In this study, we investigated if there has been a displacement in the type and coverage of welfare services available for young unemployed adults in Finland, Norway and Sweden over the last two decades. This question is important because a number of studies have argued that the generous unemployment benefits and extensive labour market intervention found in the Nordic welfare states shield young people from the most severe consequences of economic inactivity. In this article, we instead show that during this period, less generous means-tested unemployment and social assistance benefits have become the most important form of income protection for young people. In evidence, earnings-related unemployment benefits now cover only 10 per cent of unemployed Swedes and Finns and 45 per cent of unemployed Norwegians aged 24 years or younger. This development marks a significant change in our understanding of unemployment protection for young people in Nordic countries.
Native Internal Migration and the Labor Market Impact of Immigration

This paper presents a theoretical and empirical study of how immigration influences the joint determination of the wage structure and internal migration behavior for native-born workers in local labor markets. Using data from the 1960–2000 decennial censuses, the study shows that immigration is associated with lower in-migration rates, higher out-migration rates, and a decline in the growth rate of the native workforce. The native migration response attenuates the measured impact of immigration on wages in a local labor market by 40 to 60 percent, depending on whether the labor market is defined at the state or metropolitan area level.
Lectin Site Ligation of CR3 Induces Conformational Changes and Signaling*

Background: CR3 is a β2 integrin that contains a lectin-like domain that binds the fungal pathogen-associated molecular pattern β-glucan. Results: Soluble β-glucan stabilizes an intermediate CR3 conformation that induces differential intracellular phosphorylation. Conclusion: CR3 is a signaling pattern recognition receptor for β-glucan. Significance: The CR3 receptor is a target for the design of novel immune modulators. Neutrophils provide an innate immune response to tissues infected with fungal pathogens such as Candida albicans. This response is tightly regulated in part through the interaction of integrins with extracellular matrix ligands that are distributed within infected tissues. The β2 integrin, CR3 (CD11b/CD18), is unique among integrins in containing a lectin-like domain that binds the fungal pathogen-associated molecular pattern β-glucan and serves as the dominant receptor for recognition of fungal pathogens by human granulocytes. β-Glucan, when isolated in soluble form, has been shown to be a safe and effective immune potentiator when administered therapeutically. Currently a pharmaceutical grade preparation of β-glucan is in several clinical trials with an anti-cancer indication. CR3 binding of extracellular matrix, carbohydrate, or both ligands simultaneously differentially regulates neutrophil function through a mechanism not clearly understood. Using FRET reporters, we interrogated the effects of soluble β-glucan on intracellular and extracellular CR3 structure. Although the canonical CR3 ligand fibrinogen induced full activation, β-glucan alone or in conjunction with fibrinogen stabilized an intermediate conformation with moderate headpiece extension and full cytoplasmic tail separation. A set of phosphopeptides differentially regulated by β-glucan in a CR3-dependent manner were identified using functional proteomics and found to be enriched for signaling molecules and proteins involved in transcriptional regulation, mRNA processing, and alternative splicing. These data confirm that CR3 is a signaling pattern recognition receptor for β-glucan and represent the first direct evidence of soluble β-glucan binding and affecting a signaling-competent intermediate CR3 conformation on living cells.
Strategic Planning and Implementation Success in Public Service Organizations: Evidence from Canada

Abstract In this article, we examine the role that formal strategic planning plays in determining the success of strategy implementation in a set of more than 150 public service organizations from Canada. We also analyse the mediating effects of managerial involvement in strategic planning and the moderating effects of stakeholder uncertainty on the planning-implementation relationship. A structured online questionnaire was used to collect the data. Our findings suggest that formal strategic planning has a strong positive relationship with implementation, which, though mediated by managerial involvement, becomes even more salient in the face of stakeholder uncertainty. Several implications of these findings are discussed.
Fatal case of bilateral internal jugular vein thrombosis following IVIg infusion in an adolescent girl treated for ITP

Intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIg) is often used as therapy in immune‐mediated diseases and is generally considered a safe therapeutic agent. However, thrombotic complications such as myocardial infarction and deep vein thrombosis have been reported, although primarily in older adults. We describe a 13‐year‐old girl who received one dose of IVIg for immune thrombocytopenic purpura and developed fatal bilateral jugular venous thromboses. This is the first known case of IVIg‐associated thrombosis in an adolescent and alsothe first report describing internal jugular vein thrombosis associated with IVIg infusion. We identify additional risks that may potentiate the agent's thrombotic risk. Am. J. Hematol. , 2008. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Should We Be Worried About Income Inequality in Ireland

Despite the recession Ireland remains a country with relatively high income inequality. Ireland sits just behind the UK near the top of the inequality rankings in Europe behind the Baltic and Southern European states. Is this a problem? Should we be concerned about levels of income inequality in Irish society? Debates about this issue often centre on the moral acceptability of income inequality with protagonists adopting well worn ideological positions but is there actually any evidence that higher levels of income inequality are a problem? Some may have moral misgivings about excessively high incomes at the top and those at the bottom being left behind as middle incomes increase, but does inequality in itself, as opposed to being poor, actually have any consequences? Recent ESRI research suggests that the answer is yes. First, it should be made clear that having less income is bad for your health. There is ample evidence for Ireland that those with less income, education or from a lower social class have a lower life expectancy and poorer health while alive. This ‘health gradient’ is not just between those at the bottom and everyone else. Those in the top income or class grouping have better health and a higher life expectancy than those just below them and the pattern is repeated all the way to the bottom. But social scientists have also found that high income inequality at the country level also lowers life expectancy, health and well-being. Even the wealthy appear to die younger in more unequal societies. For many years it was argued by some that the association was just a statistical artefact but in the last decade a growing literature using increasingly sophisticated data and methodology has shown that income inequality has a detrimental effect not only on health and life expectancy but a range of other troubling social issues including low educational performance in schools, rates of teenage pregnancy, levels of obesity, even the ‘agreeableness’ of the population. What unites these phenomena and why does inequality have these effects?
Credit Supply Dynamics and Economic Activity in Euro Area Countries: A Time-Varying Parameter VAR Analysis

This paper aims to shed light on the role of credit supply shocks in euro area countries during the recent pre-crisis, bust, and post-crisis periods. A time-varying parameter vector autoregression (TVP-VAR) with stochastic volatility JEL Classification: C11, C32, E32, E51
Vaginocervical cytology in victims of sexual assault

To investigate the role of vaginocervical smears in alleged victims of rape, we reviewed the findings in 4,220 consecutive rape victims between the years 1982 and 1989. These rape victims showed a slight increase in cellular abnormalities (1.18% vs .93%) when compared to a group of 17,187 routine smears from an indigent population in 1989. While the differences in the spectrum of cellular abnormalities were not statistically significant, the increase in abnormal smears is remarkable because of the younger age distribution and lower risk factors for cervical cancer in this group of rape victims (41% of the victims were never seen at our institution before their evaluation for alleged rape and were most probably of higher socioeconomic status and at lower risk for cervical cancer than the indigent population served at our hospital). This finding may reflect the low incidence of vaginocervical cytology screening among the general population of which rape victims are a random sample. Fifty‐seven percent of the rape victims with cellular abnormalities who were also regular patients at our hospital returned for follow‐up by appropriate repeat smears or biopsies. This was lower than the 95% general follow‐up rate of vaginocervical smear abnormalities among the rest of the population screened at our hospital. We detected spermatozoa in 56% of the smears from victims who were examined within three days of the alleged sexual assault. Cytology adds to the criminal investigation of rape cases as we detected spermatozoa in four of 16 semen‐negative cases from a random sample of 53 cases evaluated by the state crime lab.
Human Resource Management: A Multiparadigmatic Analysis

The decade has witnessed unprecedented interest in what has been seen as a radically new direction in the management of people in organisations: human resource management (HRM). HRM has, however, been bedevilled by controversy and ambiguity to the extent of being regarded as just another “flavour of the month” management rhetoric. There is little consensus about what HRM means and what it entails in practice. Conceptual clarity is sought by adopting a multiparadigmatic approach to analyse HRM, which is classified into “hard” and “soft” variants. The use of paradigmatic “frames” or “lenses” enriches our understanding of them, and should enhance our appreciation of the implications of different approaches in the management of employees.
Human Postmortem Brain Tissue and 2-mm Tissue Microarrays

The authors constructed tissue microarray (TMA) blocks from human postmortem brain including numerous core samples measuring 2 mm in diameter from various anatomic regions. These TMA sections were then processed using various stainings and pretreatment techniques to evaluate their properties. The loss of core samples ranged from 2% to 100% and was significantly influenced by the type of glass slide used; it was lowest (2–8%) with SuperFrost Plus slides. The losses were not significantly altered when applying the most demanding pretreatment procedures or using human brain tissue with a long postmortem delay. A slight influence on the quality and the repeatability of some of the IHC stainings was seen by the postmortem delay, by the brain region, or by the glass slide used. One special feature of the constructed brain TMA block including many anatomic brain regions is that persons who lack skills in neuroanatomy can identify various brain structures simply by following the x-y coordinates. Thus, the applications of this brain TMA block in neurologic research by scientists with different skill bases remain to be determined.
Visual impairment and risk of falls and fracture

We welcome the article from Legood and colleagues on visual impairment and risk of injury.1 More results from the Blue Mountains Eye Study which may be of interest to readers have recently been published. In June 2002 we published a paper in Osteoporosis International detailing visual and other risk factors for wrist, shoulder, …
Effective governance : the transformation of a community college board

DEDICATION To Vanessa, for your grace, love, patience and understanding throughout the journey. I am your biggest fan. v ACKNOWLEDGMENTS This endeavor would not have been possible without the support of many individuals. Some offered scholarly advice, some their friendship and laughter, and yet others provided limitless patience, understanding and thoughtfulness. Life truly is about relationships and the special people who help make dreams come true. although you may have questioned why we had to meet while I was in graduate school, I know it is because I needed your words to keep me inspired, your strength to keep me motivated, your laughter to keep me grounded and your love to remind me that yes, this is where I need to be. Here is to our new family and a joyous future. and understanding as I pursued my doctorate over the past three years has been nothing short of amazing. Thanks for the love and the laughter…now we can go have some fun! Dissertation Defense Committee Members, you have inspired hundreds of students to pursue their dreams and I am honored to have had your guidance as I pursued mine. You encouraged, motivated, and nudged…all at the right time. Thank you for believing in me. thank you supporting my research when doing otherwise would have been easier, for forging ahead when retreating would have been far less demanding and for always putting the students first. Albert Palacios, thanks a million for the technological expertise and the emotional support. vi Annalisa Palacios, were it not for your encouragement, love and support, I would not be here today. You and Stephen gave me the confidence and strength I needed to pursue my educational goals. Thank you for all you have done to make this journey possible. Esperanza and Aaron Palacios, your strength and determination taught me to never give up my dreams. The values you instilled in us, your five children, guided us and have helped us find our places in life. Your love taught us compassion; your sacrifices, and there were many, made us strong. you helped in more ways than you will ever know. Thanks for your reassurance and encouragement along the way. Patricia Ugwu, my Blockmate, roommate, and friend. Here's to the many, many late nights spent studying, commiserating, eating and laughing. You are the quintessential phenomenal woman. Thanks for everything my friend. UT Block 58 Colleagues, the absolute …
Different Mutations in Three Prime Repair Exonuclease 1 and Ribonuclease H2 Genes Affect Clinical Features in Aicardi-Goutières Syndrome

Aicardi-Goutières syndrome is a rare encephalopathy of mutational origin characterized by increased levels of interferon alpha in cerebrospinal fluid. The aim of this study was to explore the influence of different Aicardi-Goutières syndrome genotypes on the clinical course of patients, seeking to identify specific gene expression profiles able to explain Aicardi-Goutières syndrome phenotype differences. We detected the occurrence of Aicardi-Goutières syndrome mutations in 21 patients and compared microarray gene-expression data of cerebrospinal fluid lymphocytes with clinical variables. The levels of interferon alpha in cerebrospinal fluid were high in all patients; we found differences in the expression of genes encoding for Toll-like receptor, endogenous RNases, T lymphocyte activation, angiogenesis inhibition, and peripheral interferon alpha production. These results indicate that further to interferon alpha production in the central nervous system, a variety of other pathogenic mechanisms is activated in Aicardi-Goutières syndrome to various degrees in different patients, thus explaining the interindividual difference in Aicardi-Goutières syndrome course.
Effects of temperature, soil substrate, and microbial community on carbon mineralization across three climatically contrasting forest sites

Abstract How biotic and abiotic factors influence soil carbon (C) mineralization rate (R S) has recently emerged as one of the focal interests in ecological studies. To determine the relative effects of temperature, soil substrate and microbial community on R s, we conducted a laboratory experiment involving reciprocal microbial inoculations of three zonal forest soils, and measured R S over a 61‐day period at three temperatures (5, 15, and 25°C). Results show that both R s and the cumulative emission of C (R cum), normalized to per unit soil organic C (SOC), were significantly affected by incubation temperature, soil substrate, microbial inoculum treatment, and their interactions (p < .05). Overall, the incubation temperature had the strongest effect on the R S; at given temperatures, soil substrate, microbial inoculum treatment, and their interaction all significantly affected both R s (p < .001) and R cum (p ≤ .01), but the effect of soil substrate was much stronger than others. There was no consistent pattern of thermal adaptation in microbial decomposition of SOC in the reciprocal inoculations. Moreover, when different sources of microbial inocula were introduced to the same soil substrate, the microbial community structure converged with incubation without altering the overall soil enzyme activities; when different types of soil substrate were inoculated with the same sources of microbial inocula, both the microbial community structure and soil enzyme activities diverged. Overall, temperature plays a predominant role in affecting R s and R cum, while soil substrate determines the mineralizable SOC under given conditions. The role of microbial community in driving SOC mineralization is weaker than that of climate and soil substrate, because soil microbial community is both affected, and adapts to, climatic factors and soil matrix.
Late postnatal transmission of HIV-1 in breast-fed children: an individual patient data meta-analysis.

BACKGROUND We analyzed individual patient data to determine the contribution of late postnatal transmission to the overall risk of mother-to-child transmission of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) and the timing and determinants of late postnatal transmission. METHODS Eligible trials were conducted where breast-feeding was common; included >/=2 HIV-1 tests by 3 months, and, if follow-up continued, >/=2 tests at 3-12 months; and regularly assessed infant-feeding modality. Data on children born before January 2000 were analyzed. RESULTS Of 4085 children from 9 trials (breast-fed singletons for whom HIV-1 testing was performed), 993 (24%) were definitively infected (placebo arms, 25.9%; treatment arms, 23.4%; P=.08). Of 539 children with known timing of infection, 225 (42%) had late postnatal transmission. Late postnatal transmission occurred throughout breast-feeding. The estimated hazard function for time to late postnatal transmission was roughly constant. The cumulative probability of late postnatal transmission at 18 months was 9.3%. The overall risk of late postnatal transmission was 8.9 transmissions/100 child-years of breast-feeding and was significantly higher with lower maternal CD4(+) cell counts and male sex. CONCLUSIONS Late postnatal transmission contributes substantially to overall mother-to-child transmission of HIV-1. The risk of late postnatal transmission is generally constant throughout breast-feeding, and late postnatal transmission is associated with a lower maternal CD4(+) cell count and male sex. Biological and cultural mechanisms underlying the association between sex and late postnatal transmission should be further investigated. Interventions to decrease transmission of HIV-1 through breast-feeding are urgently needed.
Rethinking risk and return: Part 1 – novel norms for non‐normality?

Purpose - The purpose of this paper (the first of two) is to consider measures of risk commonly used in the analysis of both investment and insurance portfolios, and argue that there is a need for more appropriate measures to capture the uncertainty inherent in non-normal (i.e. asymmetric and/or long tailed) probability distributions. Design/methodology/approach - In Part 1, the risk measures used most frequently in finance and insurance – i.e. the standard deviation (variance), value at risk, tail value at risk, default value, etc. – are reviewed and then the paper explores whether such measures are sufficient for all contexts, including those in which the subject random variable is characterized by asymmetry and/or long tails. As an alternative to conventional measures, the paper assesses the potential of a general Findings - Virtually, all commonly used risk measures, even those designed specifically to capture the behavior of asymmetric randomness, require that the underlying random variable possess a finite variance, or at least a finite mean. To overcome such difficulties, the paper considers a general definition of “risk” based upon a quantity closely related to the Originality/value - The paper explores the use of
Palaeoecology of the Spathian Virgin Formation (Utah, USA) and Its Implications for the Early Triassic Recovery

The Spathian (late Early Triassic) Virgin Formation of south-western Utah (USA) yields a comparatively diverse benthic fauna that flourished ∼2 Ma after the end-Permian mass extinction. In this study, we present quantitative palaeoecological data, which are analysed in the context of depositional environments. This integrated approach helps to discriminate between effects of the end-Permian mass extinction event and local environmental factors on alpha diversity and ecological structure of the Virgin Fauna. Shallow subtidal environments yield the highest species richness and lowest dominance values as recorded in two benthic associations, the Eumorphotis ericius Association and the Protogusarella smithi Association, both of which contain 20 benthic species (bivalves, gastropods, brachiopods, echinoderms, and porifers). Tidal inlet deposits yield a low diverse fauna (Piarorhynchella triassica Association) with a very high dominance of filter feeders adapted to high energy conditions. Another comparably low diverse fauna is recorded by the Bakevellia exporrecta Association, which occurs in deposits of the offshore transition zone, most likely reflecting unconsolidated substrates. A single sample containing five bivalve species (Bakevellia costata Assemblage) is recorded from a marginal-marine setting. The Virgin fauna yields a bulk diversity of 30 benthic species (22 genera) of body fossils and 14 ichnogenera and, thus, represents the most diverse marine bottom fauna known so far from the Early Triassic. Our results suggest that oceanographic conditions during the early Spathian enabled ecosystems to rediversify without major abiotic limitations. However, taxonomical differentiation between habitats was still low, indicating a time lag between increasing within-habitat diversity (alpha diversity) and the onset of taxonomical differentiation between habitats (beta diversity). We suggest that taxonomical habitat differentiation after mass extinction events starts only when within-habitat competition exceeds a certain threshold, which was not yet reached in the Spathian of the investigated area. This interpretation is an alternative to previous suggestions that the prevalence of generalistic taxa in the aftermath of mass extinction events reflects protracted environmental stress. The onset of increasing beta diversity is a potential criterion for distinguishing two major recovery phases, the first ending with habitat saturation and the second ending with the completion of ecosystem differentiation.