Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Social tolerance : novel insights from wild female crested macaques, Macaca nigra

The diversity in female primate sociality reflects a combination of competitive and cooperative strategies. Different frameworks explain such diversity. The genus Macaca is a good example of social variation. The aim of my thesis is to foster our understanding of macaque societies by studying one little-known species, the crested macaque, Macaca nigra, under natural conditions, the Tangkoko Reserve, in Sulawesi Indonesia. From October 2008 to June 2010, I gathered 2600 hours of behavioural data on 42 adult females. By quantifying a comprehensive set of behaviours, I confirm the females’ tolerant social style. I investigate the function of post-conflict interactions by analysing the relationship between aggression, anxiety, characteristics of conflicts, of dyads involved in conflicts, and the occurrence of post-conflict interactions. Post-conflict interactions did not serve to reduce stress or to “repair” relationships but function as a signal of benign intent or to reassert social status. I analyse the hierarchical and nepotistic influence on social relationships and show that social bonds are not entirely shaped by kinship or dominance. Coalitionary support occurred amongst females close in rank but not amongst close kin or strong affiliates. These patterns represent meaningful contrasts to other animal species and highlight the complexity of social life in tolerant societies. By combining behavioural and genetic data, my thesis brings an empirical basis to theoretical frameworks on the evolution of social diversity, reflects on the interplay between different factors in a comparative perspective and provides a general framework for the evolution of animal societies.
Proposal of a Transformation Method for Iris Codes in Iris Scanning Verification

In this paper, we propose a transformation function for a user’s raw iris data, an “iris code” in iris scanning verification on the server, since the iris code requires to be hidden from even a server administrator. We then show that the user can be properly authenticated on the server, even though the iris code is transformed by the proposed function. The reason is that the function has a characteristic, “The (normalized) Hamming distances between the enrolled iris codes and the verified iris codes are conserved before and after the computation of the function,” that is, the normalized Hamming distance in this scheme is equal to that in the existing scheme. We also show that the transformed iris code is sufficiently secure to hide the original iris code, even if a stronger attack model is supposed than the previously described model. That can be explained from the following two reasons. One reason is that nonlinear function, which consists of the three-dimensional rotation about the x-axis and the y-axis with the iris code lengthened bit by bit, and the cyclic shift, does not enable an attacker to conjecture the iris code. The other reason is that the success probabilities for the exhaustive search attack concerning the iris code in the supposed attack models are lower than those of the previously proposed methods and are negligible. key words: iris scanning verification, iris code, transformation function, hiding, exhaustive search attack
Aspirations and outcomes for people with autism spectrum disorders in emerging adulthood

This thesis focuses on subjectively valued outcomes and aspirations for young adults with autism spectrum disorders (ASD). Part 1 reviews research literature examining adulthood outcomes for people with ASD. The review highlights the on-going needs of adults with ASD, who are commonly reported to have low levels of independence, high rates of unemployment and high levels of social isolation. None of the reviewed studies considered the young adults’ own perspectives on their current circumstances or future in a meaningful way. Part 2 reports a qualitative study using framework analysis to explore the outcomes and aspirations of young adults with ASD and their parents. Semi-structured interviews highlighted families’ varied outcomes and aspirations, beyond the stereotyped outcomes often represented in the literature. A framework for understanding and assessing outcomes is proposed, which may be developed into a tool for clinicians and other professionals working to support adults with ASD to meet their own personally valued goals. Part 3 discusses some of the challenges of using qualitative methodology with people with ASD, and considers the implications of the findings for service provision. Similarities between working with typically developing young adults and young adults with ASD are considered, and the barriers in achieving personally valued outcomes for adults with ASD are highlighted. These include assumptions made by others based on a limited, stereotyped understanding of ASD which may lead to young adults’ own valued goals being overlooked, and idiosyncratic preferences that may place people with ASD at risk of being coerced into inappropriate or uncomfortable activities. The importance of focusing on individuals’ own valued outcomes is emphasised.
Natural and Artificial Stimuli

It has long been assumed that the stress-timed vs. syllabletimed dichotomy is based on perceptual impressions of speech rhythm. However, experimental tests are rare in the literature and not all of them have successfully found perceptual evidence for speech rhythm categorization. Experimental protocols have been very different, sometimes testing naïve vs. non-naïve listeners, sometimes using natural speech stimuli, sometimes preferring synthetic stimuli, sometimes using filters to hide lexical information from speech. In this paper we describe the results of a perceptive test that has been carried out on 43 Italian listeners, who were asked to categorize both natural and artificial stimuli. Results are highly controversial: listeners do not seem to be able to categorize artificial stimuli reproducing prosodic cues of different languages. Yet, there is a mild tendency on the part of speakers to categorize natural speech stimuli of unknown languages in a way that seems to reflect rhythm classes.
Kinetic and Mechanistic Study of Oxidation of Piperazines by Bromamine-T in Acidic Medium

Oxidations of piperazine, 1-methylpiperazine and 1-ethylpiperazine by bromamine-T (BAT) in buffered acidic medium have been kinetically studied at 303 K. The reaction shows a first-order dependence of the rate each on [BAT]0 and [piperazine]0, and an inverse fractional-order dependence on [H+]. The additions of halide ions and the reduction product of BAT, p-toluenesulfonamide, have no effect on the reaction rate. The variation of ionic strength of the solvent medium has no influence on the rate. Activation parameters have been evaluated from the Arrhenius and Eyring plots. A common mechanism consistent with the kinetic data has been proposed for all piperazines. The protonation constants of substrates have been evaluated. The Hammett linear free-energy relationship has been observed for the reaction with ρ = ? 0.5 indicating that the electron-donating groups enhance the reaction rate by stabilizing the transition state. An isokinetic relationship observed shows β = 368 K indicating the dominance of enthalpy factors on the reaction rate.
Storage and Timed Release of Acetaminophen from Porous Carbonaceous Materials

Six carbon powders with varied surface areas and porosities were used to store and release acetaminophen (ACT). A 10 mg/mL solution of acetaminophen in phosphate buffer solution (pH = 7.0) at 25℃ with exposure to carbon powder for 72 hours was used to drive the maximum loading of acetaminophen into the powders. Carboxen 1012 (BET surface area of1500 m2/g) powder exhibited the greatest maximum adsorption of ACT (up to 62% by mass). The maximum ACT adsorption was correlated with surface area and porosity. The most effective carbon powders for binding ACT were ones containing high mesopore volumes. Loaded carbon powder was separated from the ACT solution and then phosphate buffer solution (pH = 7.0) was combined with the loaded carbon powder and ACT absorbance readings at 243 nm were taken over time. The various carbon powders were able to release a portion of the ACT that they originally adsorbed. The Carboxen 1012 powder displayed the greatest ACT release with a rapid initial release followed by a steady but slightly declining release over a time period of 2 to 11 weeks. The results were supportive of mesoporous carbons such as Carboxen 1012 being suitable for drug loading and release.
Den populära pedagogiken - om hur ett kunskapsområde formas i det moderna samhället

This article concerns a special kind of educational knowledge which is neither practical nor academic or political — but all at the same time. The particular knowledge that is investigated is a co-produced knowledge about students and their performances in school during the 1940s. This knowledge was produced and spread by new social and discursive fields developed to both reflecting and making possible a new school organisation. It is argued that this knowledge while foremost supporting the Swedish reform towards a comprehensive school system in the 1940s, had loopi ng effects on academic theories and on educational practice.
A Topic Model for Melodic Sequences

We examine the problem of learning a probabilistic model for melody directly from musical sequences belonging to the same genre. This is a challenging task as one needs to capture not only the rich temporal structure evident in music, but also the complex statistical dependencies among different music components. To address this problem we introduce the Variable-gram Topic Model, which couples the latent topic formalism with a systematic model for contextual information. We evaluate the model on next-step prediction. Additionally, we present a novel way of model evaluation, where we directly compare model samples with data sequences using the Maximum Mean Discrepancy of string kernels, to assess how close is the model distribution to the data distribution. We show that the model has the highest performance under both evaluation measures when compared to LDA, the Topic Bigram and related non-topic models.
Closing the Gap: When Do Cues Eliminate Differences between Sophisticated and Unsophisticated Citizens?

Relatively few scholars assess the conditions under which cues improve citizens’ decisions. I analyze experimentally the conditions under which one cue (the statements of an endorser) enables both sophisticated and unsophisticated citizens to improve their decisions. My results demonstrate that the effectiveness of this cue depends upon the endorser's incentives and citizens’ levels of sophistication. Specifically, I find that under idealized conditions (i.e., when the endorser always has an incentive to make truthful statements), this cue dramatically improves the decisions of (and closes the gap between) sophisticated and unsophisticated subjects. When the endorser's incentives are more realistic (i.e., the endorser may have an incentive to lie), this cue affects sophisticated versus unsophisticated subjects differently: sophisticated subjects do not improve their decisions, whereas unsophisticated subjects typically improve their decisions enough to make them comparable to sophisticated subjects. Thus,.
Algorithms for a switch module routing problem

We consider a awitch module routing problem /or aymmelric array FPGAs. The work is motivated by two applications. The firaf ia that of efficiently evaluating awitch module designs [a]. The second ia that of evaluating the routability of global routing patha for a placement on this architecture. Only an approzimate algorithm was previously known jar this problem. In thin paper, we present an optimal algorithm for the problem based on integer linear programming. Ezperimental rerulta conaistently show that our algorithm is very efficient jor practical sized switch modules. We further improve this technique, by doing some pre-processing on the given switch module. We also idenlijy interesting special cases of the problem which can be solved optimally in polynomial time.
Uniaxial Effective Permittivity of Anisotropic Bicontinuous Random Media Using NMM3D

In this letter, we generate anisotropic bicontinuous media with different vertical and horizontal correlation functions. With the computer-generated bicontinuous medium, we then use numerical solutions of Maxwell equations in 3-dimensions (NMM3D) to calculate the anisotropic effective permittivities and the effective propagation constants of V and H polarizations. The copolarization phase difference (CPD) of VV and HH is then derived. The CPDs have recently been applied to the retrieval of snow water equivalent, snow depth, and anisotropy. The NMM3D simulation results are also compared with the results of the strong permittivity fluctuations in the low frequency limit and compared against the Maxwell-Garnett mixing formula.
MET1 Is a Thylakoid-Associated TPR Protein Involved in Photosystem II Supercomplex Formation and Repair in Arabidopsis

TMET1 is a thylakoid-associated protein that functions in assembly of PSII complexes and interacts with PSII core proteins CP43 and CP47. Photosystem II (PSII) requires constant disassembly and reassembly to accommodate replacement of the D1 protein. Here, we characterize Arabidopsis thaliana MET1, a PSII assembly factor with PDZ and TPR domains. The maize (Zea mays) MET1 homolog is enriched in mesophyll chloroplasts compared with bundle sheath chloroplasts, and MET1 mRNA and protein levels increase during leaf development concomitant with the thylakoid machinery. MET1 is conserved in C3 and C4 plants and green algae but is not found in prokaryotes. Arabidopsis MET1 is a peripheral thylakoid protein enriched in stroma lamellae and is also present in grana. Split-ubiquitin assays and coimmunoprecipitations showed interaction of MET1 with stromal loops of PSII core components CP43 and CP47. From native gels, we inferred that MET1 associates with PSII subcomplexes formed during the PSII repair cycle. When grown under fluctuating light intensities, the Arabidopsis MET1 null mutant (met1) showed conditional reduced growth, near complete blockage in PSII supercomplex formation, and concomitant increase of unassembled CP43. Growth of met1 in high light resulted in loss of PSII supercomplexes and accelerated D1 degradation. We propose that MET1 functions as a CP43/CP47 chaperone on the stromal side of the membrane during PSII assembly and repair. This function is consistent with the observed differential MET1 accumulation across dimorphic maize chloroplasts.
EXEC: An Evolvable and eXtensible Environment for Collaboration

This paper presents an evolvable and extensible environment for collaboration (EXEC), which aims to address the long-identified flexibility and reusability issues in collaborative systems. Due to the clean separation between data and control, both user interface components (data) and coordination service components (control) can be reused for developing collaborative applications and be flexibly bound at run time to address the evolutionary needs of collaboration tasks. Additionally, new collaboration tools can be easily prototyped to extend the functionality of the environment
Forecasting Violent Behaviors for Schizophrenic Outpatients Using Their Disease Insights : Development of a Binary Logistic Regression Model and a Support Vector Model

This study explored the predictive value of disease insight for violent behavior for a group of Taiwanese schizophrenic outpatients over a one-year period. The Schedule of Assessment of Insight in Psychosis and its expanded version were used to provide a baseline insight score for sixty-three schizophrenic outpatients considered to be in remission or to have minimal psychopathology. A psychiatrist reassessed subjects at the end of the period to determine the predictive value of initial insight rating on the presence of violent behaviors. The binary logistic regression model was built first, which could explain 65.2 percent of the variance of patients' violent behavior tendency. Then, a support vector machine (SVM) was developed. After the training with cross validation, no misclassifications were found in the training data, and the average percentage of misclassification for the testing data was 23.8 percent, resulting in a 76.2 percent predictive power. These findings showed that SVM is more robust than a binary logistic regression model due to the good learning capability of an SVM for the nonlinear dependency between the input and output (also called outcome) variables. This SVM might help to build an early-warning and advisory system guiding the medical care of schizophrenic patients living in the community.
Design of antenna in Wireless Body Area Network (WBAN) for biotelemetry applications

Biomedical telemetry system transmits biological signal to a long distance. Antenna finds vital role in transmitting a biological signals. Patch Antennas are integrated with medical devices and used widely because of their design flexibility and shape . This paper proposes two antennas for telemetry application. Yagi antennas provide high directivity. Patch antennas are of light weight and is easy to carry. It can be fabricated on the fabric easily. Hence it proves to be an ideal solution for biotelemetry where the patients can wear the antenna, which in turn can collect the bio signals from the body and send it to the monitoring station. This combination of yagi and patch antennas gives sufficient gain and directivity his paper proposes the design of two Yagi Patch Antennas (YPA) with two different substrates for telemetry purpose. A miniature telemetry antenna model is designed, which captures information from the human body and transmits it to the monitoring station. The biological information is transmitted at a frequency of 2.45 GHz. in WLAN range. The performance of the antenna is simulated and analyzed using FEKO software.
Neuropeptide S selectively inhibits the release of 5‐HT and noradrenaline from mouse frontal cortex nerve endings

Background and purpose: Neuropeptide S (NPS) is a recently identified neurotransmitter/neuromodulator able to increase arousal and wakefulness while decreasing anxiety‐like behaviour. As several classical transmitters play a role in arousal and anxiety, we here investigated the possible presynaptic regulation of transmitter release by NPS.
Neuronal adaptation, novelty detection and regularity encoding in audition

The ability to detect unexpected stimuli in the acoustic environment and determine their behavioral relevance to plan an appropriate reaction is critical for survival. This perspective article brings together several viewpoints and discusses current advances in understanding the mechanisms the auditory system implements to extract relevant information from incoming inputs and to identify unexpected events. This extraordinary sensitivity relies on the capacity to codify acoustic regularities, and is based on encoding properties that are present as early as the auditory midbrain. We review state-of-the-art studies on the processing of stimulus changes using non-invasive methods to record the summed electrical potentials in humans, and those that examine single-neuron responses in animal models. Human data will be based on mismatch negativity (MMN) and enhanced middle latency responses (MLR). Animal data will be based on the activity of single neurons at the cortical and subcortical levels, relating selective responses to novel stimuli to the MMN and to stimulus-specific neural adaptation (SSA). Theoretical models of the neural mechanisms that could create SSA and novelty responses will also be discussed.
Tubulogenesis in a simple cell cord requires the formation of bi-apical cells through two discrete Par domains

Apico-basal polarization is a crucial step in the de novo formation of biological tubes. In Ciona notochord, tubulogenesis occurs in a single file of cells in the absence of cell proliferation. This configuration presents a unique challenge for the formation of a continuous lumen. Here, we show that this geometric configuration is associated with a novel polarization strategy: the generation of bipolar epithelial cells possessing two apical/luminal domains instead of one, as in the conventional epithelium. At the molecular level, cells establish two discrete Par3/Par6/aPKC patches, and form two sets of tight junctions, in opposite points of the cells. The key molecule controlling the formation of both domains is Par3. Changing the position of the cells within the organ fundamentally changes their polarity and the number of apical domains they develop. These results reveal a new mechanism for tubulogenesis from the simplest cell arrangement, which occurs in other developmental contexts, including vertebrate vascular anastomosis.
Effects of self-regulated learning in programming

Effects of self-regulated learning (SRL) have been investigated in a variety of contexts. In this research, we explore advanced learning technologies based on the information processing model of SRL in the context of structured programming. We conducted an experiment to study ways to enhance the use of programmers' working memory, to develop tactics to carry out task level activities during programming, and to learn how to program more effectively. The results of the experiment indicate that programmers who received SRL-based treatment outperformed programmers who did not receive the treatment. We argue that the infusion of SRL-based technological interfaces would have a positive influence on the performances in programming.
lnc RNAs, hypoxia and metastasis

In a variety of pathophysiological conditions oxygen demand exceeds its supply, leading to a compromising condition referred to as hypoxia, which triggers complex adaptive mechanisms mediated primarily through transcriptional reprogramming by hypoxia inducible factors (HIFs). Solid tumors are an example of this condition, as deregulated proliferation generates oxygen deficient microenvironments to which cancer cells need to adapt. Among the adaptive processes, the growth of new vessels (angiogenesis) and metabolic reprogramming are central to cope with low oxygen tension. However, in the context of solid tumors, hypoxic areas perpetuate and expand due to the aberrant activation of angiogenesis which gives rise to abnormal tumor vessels and a dysfunctional tumor vasculature. In fact, the prognostic significance of hypoxic regions is well recognized and tumor hypoxia is causally associated with resistance to therapy. Additionally, hypoxia induces metastasis through regulation of several critical processes implicated in the complex metastatic cascade, especially epithelial-mesenchymal transition and cancer stem cell renewal [1]. Recent studies have implicated HIF target genes in nearly every step of the metastatic process; however, the precise molecular and cellular mechanisms underlying hypoxia-induced metastatic dissemination are just beginning to be uncovered.
Student Cheating and Plagiarism in the Internet Era: A Wake-Up Call

The Internet, high-tech calculators, and other technological advances have made student cheating easier and more common than ever before. This book helps you put a stop to high-tech and more traditional low-tech forms of cheating and plagiarism. Learn to recognize the danger signs for cheating and how to identify material that has been copied. Sample policies for developing academic integrity, reproducible lessons for students and faculty, and lists of helpful online and print resources are just some of the features of this important guide. A must read for concerned educators, administrators, and parents.