Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Renewal In The Context Of Stress: A Potential Mechanism Of Stress-Induced Reinstatement

In the animal laboratory, stressors can produce the relapse of drug-seeking behaviors after the behavior has been inhibited by extinction. This type of relapse has been called stress-induced reinstatement, and it models the relapse that is commonly reported in human populations. Interestingly, in the laboratory, stress does not typically reinstate extinguished behaviors that have been reinforced by food. One account of the discrepancy is that drugs of abuse may induce stress; therefore, when organisms learn to respond for drugs, they might learn to make the response in the “context” of stress. If so, then stress-induced reinstatement may be better described as renewal in a stress context. Renewal is the type of relapse that occurs when a behavior is returned to the original training context (or is shifted to a new context) after it has been inhibited or suppressed by extinction. Although renewal has usually been studied with contexts that differ in their exteroceptive cues, interoceptive cues (e.g., mood, food deprivation, and drug states) may also provide contexts. Accordingly, if an interoceptive stress state is present when foodseeking behavior is learned, then extinguished food seeking, like drug seeking, should also renew when the organism is stressed after extinction. In this dissertation, I discuss six experiments that investigated this hypothesis. Experiment 1 found that stressors renew extinguished food-seeking if they are also present during instrumental training. Experiments 2 and 3 then provided preliminary evidence that this effect is not exclusively due to incentive learning. Experiment 4 then suggested that interoceptive stress, and not the particular stressor that produces it, may indeed serve as a general interoceptive context that controls the effect. Experiment 5 found that stressors present for acquisition but not extinction training render behavior susceptible to stress induced relapse. The final experiment found that food-reinforced behavior learned in a context created by a cocaine injection renews after cocaine administration but not after footshock stress. Overall, the results indicate that the presence of interoceptive stress stimuli may play the role of context in a renewal paradigm and promote behavioral relapse when re-encountered after extinction. The implications for relapse that often occur following successful suppression of drug use and overeating behaviors are both discussed.
Tissue Modeling and Analyzing with Finite Element Method: A Review for Cranium Brain Imaging

For the structure mechanics of human body, it is almost impossible to conduct mechanical experiments. Then the finite element model to simulate mechanical experiments has become an effective tool. By introducing several common methods for constructing a 3D model of cranial cavity, this paper carries out systematically the research on the influence law of cranial cavity deformation. By introducing the new concepts and theory to develop the 3D cranial cavity model with the finite-element method, the cranial cavity deformation process with the changing ICP can be made the proper description and reasonable explanation. It can provide reference for getting cranium biomechanical model quickly and efficiently and lay the foundation for further biomechanical experiments and clinical applications.
Homocysteine in plasma: stabilization of blood samples with fluoride.

earhy-eluting analytes, was passed to waste. At 0.2 mm, the column switch redirected the precolumn ehuate to the analytical column, and analytes moderately adsorbed to the precolumn (including homocysteine) were further separated before passing to the detector. At 1.5 mm, the precolumn eluate, containing only species strongly adsorbed to the precolumn, was switched back to waste. Although some contaminants were removed by solidphase extraction prior to chromatography, we found that carryover (presumably from late-eluting species) was reduced substantially by this last cut to waste. The electrochemical detection cycle of 980 ms (inset, Fig. 1) was only slightly modified from that described by Vandeberg and Johnson (3). This form of electrochemical detection-originally called potential-sweep pulsed couhometric detection-depends on transient formation of a gold hydroxide electrode surface, which is the proximal catalyst for amperometric oxidation and reduction of the organosulfur species (8). Detector output is analyzed with Peaknet’” (Dionex) software and generates a display of chromatograms that can be autoscaled to show full-scale deflection between 10 and 1000 nC for widely varying strengths of signal from the ehectrochemical cell. An autoscaled composite of three serum chromatograms is shown in Fig. 1. Calibrators between 0 and 100 mol! L give a linear calibration curve (r = 0.9997), and the assay could detect <1 moI/L, with appropriate adjustment of the full-scale deflection. In our hands, within-run CV was 6.03% (n = 11) at a serum concentration of 5.1 imoI/L, and between-run CV was 9.8% (n = 16) at 12.2 moI/L. Recoveries of 5, 10, and 20 moWL authentic homocysteine added to a serum sample with a nominal homocysteine concentration of 7.9 jmoI/L were 95%, 97%, and 99%, respectively. Further improvements in precision might be achieved by incorporation of an internal standard but we did not examine this possibility. Our reference mean (± SD) was 12.9 ± 1.1 p.moIJL (n = 31); range, 10.2-14.8 moVL. These are very close to reported values (1). In summary, this method appears to offer a reasonable alternative to previously published methods, but with less preparation. An additional potential advantage of this method is the codetermination of other important sulfurcontaining species. With automated serum pretreatment and column injection, such as that described by Fiskerstrand et al. (9), precision might be improved, reagent costs minimized, and sample throughputs of 10/h might be possible without any sacrifice in accuracy.
Non-Tariff Barriers as a Test of Political Economy Theories

This paper provides a rough test of a broad and prominent class of political economy of trade models and finds them wanting. The class features governments with weighted social welfare functions, including the prominent model of Grossman and Helpman. Whether the government is the single domestic player or there are other players involved (as with the lobbies in the Grossman-Helpman case) the government ultimately acts as a unitary player in international dealings. Recent work has shown that such unitary actors care exclusively about terms of trade in international negotiations. This paper pursues the implication that governments' choice of trade instruments may offer a better test of the unitary government framework than existing empirical work. We use the structure of United States protection to argue that governments consistently choose instruments that sacrifice terms of trade, thus casting doubt on the unitary approach. We offer a discussion of alternative theories of political economy that could accommodate this stylized fact.
Social Connectedness: All Sewn Up?

Overview This paper reports on an ongoing PhD study at Duncan of Jordanstone College of Art & Design at the University of Dundee. Loneliness is recognized as one of the most impactful and endemic social problems of our time. And whilst we are susceptible to loneliness regardless of age, older adults are understood to be at particular risk as a result of various age related changes and life transitions. This is highlighted by recent inquiries by the Scottish Government’s Equal Opportunities Committee (2015) and the growing prominence in the media of movements such as the Campaign to End Loneliness: Connections in Older Age (2011). A subjective, negative experience, loneliness is defined as the perception of fewer quality social or interpersonal relationships than desired. As such loneliness might be described as social disconnection. With current figures suggesting that at least 10% of UK adults aged 65 years and over feel lonely all of the time, this necessitates attention to our understanding of what it means and feels like to be truly and socially connected in our later years. Aiming to both understand connectedness as an experience and to design possible future support tools, this study takes inspiration from older adults’ social successes including engagement with family and peers, skills development and community groups. Focusing predominantly on textile crafts and skills, this ongoing PhD study considers phatic – or social – technology in discovering alternative modes for connecting. The intersecting field of e-textiles – where electronic tactile textile objects are used to augment and support digital social interaction back into the physical world – proffers opportunity in bridging issues that perpetuate loneliness or social disconnection, such as poor health, distance and bereavement
Measurement of Situation Similarity

Context-aware computing applications often perform an assessment of similarity between the user’s current situation and the predefined or learned situations in order to trigger appropriate adaptation rules. Because future situations are often not exactly matching with past ones (e.g., time continuously changes), the assessment of similarity between situations is not a straightforward task. This paper reviews approaches to this problem and investigates various measures for similarity in the context of situation similarity. As a result, we propose a novel measurement of situation similarity. The main different between our approach from the existing ones is that we take into consideration of context in which the comparison of two situations occurs. The evaluation shows that our method achieves good results in comparison with others.
Silva Multi-parameter Bifurcation Analysis of the South-Brazilian Power System V

   This paper presents a detailed bifurcation analysis of real multi-parameter power systems. Equilibrium points are used to evaluate the system eigenvalues, obtain different bifurcation diagrams and evaluate the stability for two systems, i.e. a simple theoretical system to illustrate the basic concepts and highlight the main issues, and the southern section of the Brazilian network to demonstrate how these ideas can be applied to a real power system. The paper studies the influence of soft and hard-limits and AVR droop on the systems, using detailed generator models. The stability regions and the effect that various parameters and bifurcations have on them are studied in detail.
Comparison of apical microleakage using Ni-Ti with stainless steel finger spreaders

INTRODUCTION: The purpose of this in vitro study was to compare apical microleakage after obturation with Nickel-Titanium (NiTi) compared to Stainless Steel (SS) finger spreaders. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Eighty straight single-rooted human teeth were instrumented using step-back technique. The specimens were randomly divided into four groups. The two experimental groups (n=30) and the negative control group (n=10) were obturated by lateral condensation technique with Ariadent gutta-percha and AH26 sealer. The roots in the positive control group (n=10) were instrumented but not obturated. In one group, SS and in another group NiTi spreaders were used. Microleakage evaluation was conducted using dye penetration method t-test was used for statistical analysis. RESULTS: The results showed statistically significant differences between NiTi and SS groups (P=0.022), with the greatest dye penetration in SS group and the least in NiTi group. CONCLUSION: According to the results of the present study using NiTi spreader decrease apical microleakage in endodontically treated teeth. [Iranian Endodontic Journal 2009;4(4):149-51]
Muscle, Nerve, and Synovial Changes in Lupus Erythematosus *

Method All material used was autopsy material. Lupus erythematosus was in all cases the primary cause of death. Muscle was available in fifteen cases, peripheral nerves in fifteen, and synovia in five. The tissue was embedded in paraffin blocks and serially sectioned. A minimum of 300 serial sections were cut from each block, and every tenth section was mounted and stained for study. As controls, muscles and nerves were obtained from thirty other autopsies and prepared in a manner identical to the above. In addition, material from ten cases of rheumatoid arthritis was obtained and similarly studied. These latter findings are being more fully reported elsewhere. Findings
Asynchronous telehealth: a scoping review of analytic studies

Background Asynchronous telehealth captures clinically important digital samples (e.g., still images, video, audio, text files) and relevant data in one location and subsequently transmits these files for interpretation at a remote site by health professionals without requiring the simultaneous presence of the patient involved and his or her health care provider. Its utility in the health care system, however, still remains poorly defined. We conducted this scoping review to determine the impact of asynchronous telehealth on health outcomes, process of care, access to health services, and health resources. Methods A search was performed up to December 2006 of MEDLINE, CINAHL, HealthSTAR, the Database of Abstracts of Reviews of Effectiveness, and The Cochrane Library. Studies were included if they contained original data on the use of asynchronous telehealth and were published in English in a peer-reviewed journal. Two independent reviewers screened all articles and extracted data, reaching consensus on the articles and data identified. Data were extracted on general study characteristics, clinical domain, technology, setting, category of outcome, and results. Study quality (internal validity) was assessed using the Jadad scale for randomized controlled trials and the Downs and Black index for non-randomized studies. Summary data were categorized by medical specialty and presented qualitatively. Results The scoping review included 52 original studies from 238 citations identified; of these 52, almost half focused on the use of telehealth in dermatology. Included studies were characterized by diverse designs, interventions, and outcomes. Only 16 studies were judged to be of high quality. Most studies showed beneficial effects in terms of diagnostic accuracy, wait times, referral management, and satisfaction with services. Evidence on the impact of asynchronous telehealth on resource use in dermatology suggests a reduction in the number of, or avoidance of, in-person visits. Reports from other clinical domains also described the avoidance of unnecessary transfer of patients. Conclusions A significant portion of the asynchronous telehealth literature involves its use in dermatology. Although the quality of many original studies remains poor, at least within dermatology, there is consistent evidence suggesting that asynchronous telehealth could lead to shorter wait times, fewer unnecessary referrals, high levels of patient and provider satisfaction, and equivalent (or better) diagnostic accuracy when compared with face-to-face consultations. With the exception of a few studies in pediatric asthma, the impact of this intervention on individual health outcomes remains unknown.
Implementation of an Experimental Platform for the Social Internet of Things

The convergence of the Internet of Things (IoT) technologies with the social networking concepts has led to a new paradigm called the Social Internet of Things (SIoT), where the objects mimic the human behavior and create their own relationships based on the rules set by their owner. This is aimed at simplifying the complexity in handling the communications between billions of objects to the benefits of the humans. Whereas several IoT platforms are already available, the SIoT paradigm has represented only a field for pure research and simulations, until now. The aim of this paper is to present our implementation of a SIoT platform. We begin by analyzing the major IoT implementations, pointing out their common characteristics that could be re-used for our goal. We then discuss the major extensions we had to introduce on the existing platforms to introduce the functionalities of the SIoT. We also present the major functionalities of the proposed system: how to register a new social object to the platform, how the system manages the creation of new relationships, and how the devices create groups of members with similar characteristics. We conclude with the description of possible simple application scenarios.
Agent based Modelling and Simulation using State Machines

Although agent based modelling has drawn significant attention in the recent years, with a significant number of simulation platforms proposed, the latter target usually relatively simple reactive agents. Thus, little has been done toward enhancing the modelling capabilities of platforms with richer agent oriented programming constructs that could potentially lead to the implementation of more sophisticated models. This paper presents an extension to the TSTATES library that aims to support the implementation of state based intelligent agents and a more complex example drawn from the pedestrian simulation domain that demonstrates the potential of the library in programming complex agent systems.
Cryptanalysis of a chaotic image encryption method

The security of digital images attracts much attention recently, and many image encryption methods have been proposed. In IS-CAS2000, a new chaotic key-based algorithm (CKBA) for image encryption was proposed. This paper points out CKBA is very weak to the chosen/known-plaintext attack with only one plain-image, and its security to brute-force ciphertext-only attack is overestimated by the authors. That is to say, CKBA is not secure at all from cryptographic viewpoint. Some experiments are made to show the feasibility of the chosen/known-plaintext attack. We also discuss some remedies to the original scheme and their performance, and we find none of them can essentially improve the security of CKBA.
Fault-Aware Load-Balancing Routing for 2D-Mesh and Torus On-Chip Network Topologies

Routing algorithm design for on-chip networks (OCNs) has become increasingly challenging due to high levels of integration and complexity of modern systems-on-chip (SoCs). The inherent unreliability of components, embedded oversized IP blocks, and finegrained voltage-frequency islands (VFIs) management among others, raise several challenges in OCNs: (a) network topologies become irregular or asymmetric making circular route dependencies that lead to deadlock hard to detect; and (b) routing algorithms that lack strong load-balancing properties often saturate prematurely. In order to address the aforementioned deadlock and loadbalancing problems, we propose the traffic balancing oblivious routing (TBOR) algorithm. It is a two-phase routing algorithm consisting of: (1) construction of the weighted acyclic channel dependency graph (CDG) for the OCN to efficiently maximize available resource utilization; and (2) channel ordering across turn models to keep the underlying CDG cycle-free to guarantee deadlock-freedom using one or more turn-models. Channel bandwidth utilization and traffic balancing are achieved through static virtual channel allocation according to residual bandwidth of healthy links. In addition, we introduce in this work two schemes of different granularity of fault detection and analysis while guaranteeing in-order packet delivery by assigning a unique path to each flow. Extensive experiments demonstrate the proposed routing methodology outperforms previous algorithms.
Pneumoconiosis from Agricultural Dust Exposure among Young California Farmworkers

Background Agricultural workers are exposed to airborne pollutants, including organic and inorganic (mineral) dusts. Objectives Lung autopsy specimens from consecutive coroner’s cases of Hispanic males in Fresno County, California, (n = 112) were obtained to determine whether mineral dust exposure in agricultural work leads to pneumoconiosis. Methods The left lung was fixed by inflation. We evaluated airway and parenchymal pathology using standardized diagnostic criteria and semiquantitative grading schemata, including the grading of small airways for fibrosis and birefringent mineral dust particles. We analyzed lung dust burden on a subset of 37 lungs following bleach digestion, using scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray spectrometry (XRS) and image analysis, and by X-ray diffraction for crystalline silica (CSi). Farmworkers comprised 51.5% and nonfarmworkers 48.5% of the samples. Results Proximal airways demonstrated little mineral dust accumulation, but membranous and respiratory bronchioles had wall thickening, remodeling, and inflammation associated with carbonaceous and mineral dust deposition. These changes were independently associated with agricultural work, cigarette smoking, and increased age. Mineral dust small airways disease, pneumoconiosis (macules and nodules), and pathologic changes consistent with chronic bronchitis, emphysema, and interstitial fibrosis predominated in farmworkers compared with nonfarmworkers. CSi, determined gravimetrically, and aluminum silicate particles, determined by SEM/XRS, were increased in the lungs of farmworkers compared with nonfarmworkers and were significantly (p < 0.05) associated with small airway disease and pneumoconiosis. Conclusion Mineral dust exposure is associated with increased small airway disease and pneumoconiosis among California farmworkers; however, the clinical significance and natural history of these changes remains to be determined.
Socialização Organizacional de Expatriados

A gestão internacional de pessoas engloba a expatriação que consiste na transferência de empregados entre as unidades da organização em diferentes países por período determinado. Para que os resultados da expatriação sejam atingidos, um processo importante é o ajustamento, que compreende a adaptação ao novo contexto. Um dos fatores de influência do ajustamento no país é a socialização organizacional, compreendida como a integração dos empregados com a organização. O objetivo dessa pesquisa foi de analisar a relação entre as táticas organizacionais e o processo de socialização organizacional de expatriados. Por meio de abordagem quantitativa e cunho descritivo, a coleta de dados ocorreu por meio de questionário online. A amostra constituiu-se por expatriados que trabalham em empresas internacionais. Os resultados foram analisados através de estatística descritiva e regressão linear. Demonstrou-se que as empresas utilizam táticas institucionalizadas para ajustar os expatriados. Identificou-se que 14% do processo de socialização organizacional é explicado pelas táticas, sendo que o impacto maior dessas táticas é percebido na dimensão da tarefa, ou seja, no papel que o expatriado irá desempenhar. A quantidade de vezes que o expatriado realizou missões internacionais pode alterar a percepção das táticas utilizadas para seu ajustamento, sendo este um achado importante desta pesquisa.
Design and Efficiency Analysis of New OTP System Using Homomorphic Graph of Fingerprint Features

Security of Internet is becoming the latest important concerns along with extensive application of the Internet. OTP is first security medium for stability strengthening of electron financial transaction. In this paper, we propose the method of one time password key generation of OTP using changed location and angle of fingerprint features and new OTP system. Fingerprint is powerful personal authentication factors, and it can create variable password key for one time using information of fingerprint features. And we performed a simulation for proposed random password key generation method and efficiency analysis.