Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Rational Choice Institutionalism

Word Count: 6174 " An irrational passion for dispassionate rationality will take all the joy out of life, " wrote the economist John Maurice Clark a century ago. Canonical rational choice theory has been a staple in political science for four decades. While it may have taken the joy out of life for many traditionalists in the field and a behavioralist or two, it has become an engine of social scientific research, producing theoretical micro-foundations, an equilibrium orientation, deductively derived theorems and propositions about political activity, a comparative statics methodology yielding testable hypotheses, and an accumulation of tools and approaches that are routinely found in the curriculum of major graduate programs. We think more sophisticatedly today about optimizing political actors, the organizations of which they are a part, and most recently the role of information in retrospective assessment, systematic foresight, and strategic calculation more generally – that is, we think more sophisticatedly about political purposes, beliefs, opinions, and behavior. We also have more nuanced views about the contexts in which political activity unfolds, the way these contexts channel behavior, and the way behavior, in turn, maintains or alters contexts. These contexts are inhabited by political actors and organizations to be sure, but it is the institutions that arise and persist there that provide scripts for political processes. These institutional arrangements and the patterns and regularities they produce are the subject of the present chapter.
Infrastructure Preference and Value Among Transportation Cyclists in the U.S.

A decade of surging bicycle use has attracted little research seeking to measure bicycle utility, infrastructure preferences, and the tension between transportation budgets versus the demands of cyclists, pedestrians, and motorists. A review of the literature shows only one study applying non-market valuation tools to study this issue and demographic surveys tracking gender, age, and income have provided little guidance. Using paired comparison and contingent valuation methods, this paper adds to existing research regarding cyclists’ infrastructure preference and attempts to identify a model for valuing specific infrastructure options. Results suggest strong and easily identifiable preference ordering but do not return an explanatory model for infrastructure valuation.
“Functional” higher education in the present economic context

The last half-century was marked by an academic revolution, which brought unprecedented changes in terms of application and diversity. Understanding the ongoing and dynamic process is not an easy task, but is extremely important, especially when you are in the midst of the changes it brings. Currently, scientists believe that higher education systems are facing a lot of changes and many are starting to question the functionality of these systems. Starting from the current economic context and from the controversies existing in the academic environment concerning the functionality of the higher education system, this paper aims to emphasize the features of the functionality of a higher education system. The paper scope is also to underline some of the problems affecting the functionality of the higher education system, staring form the access to the system and finishing with the connection existing between the labour market and the output of the universities functioning inside the system.
Autonomous Attitude Determination and Control System for the Ørsted Satellite 1996

The Ørsted satellite mission imposes comparatively high requirements on autonomy of the attitude control system. Cost requirements, on the other hand, impose simple hardware and cheap actuators in form of magnetorquer coils. These conflicting requirements are fulfilled through development of novel attitude and control algorithms and wide on-board autonomy. The entire control and attitude determination system has the ability to reconfigure in real time, based on mission phase and contingency operation requirements. Attitude determination embraces three different strategies, dependent on the availability of attitude sensors. Possible sensor faults are detected and a control system supervisor autonomously reconfigures attitude determination. Estimated satellite attitude and angular velocity are used in the attitude controller. Control tasks vary with the mission phase. Initially, after release from the launch vehicle, the angular velocity is controlled. In subsequent mission phases, the satellite is three-axis stabilized. The main contributions are development of novel algorithms for attitude control applying magnetic torquing, attitude determination schemes based on the geomagnetic field measurements, and integration into a supervisory control architecture. The salient feature of this system is fault tolerant autonomous operation with a minimum of hardware redundancy. Work supported by the Ørsted Satellite Project.
Crouch, Hold and Engage: Spatial Aspects of Augmented Reality Browsing

Displays that use an AR browser to augment a printed poster are nowadays commonplace in many cities. Whilst much research exists on the technical issues and interaction techniques related to such AR displays, currently there has been little research on how these applications are actually used. In this paper, we present the first study reporting on usage comfort and spatial aspects when using an AR browsing app on to browse augmented content on a physical poster. Key findings are that the mean distance users preferred to stand from the poster content was 129 cm (SD = 34 cm) and that standing further from the poster enabled a browsing task to be completed more quickly. Based on our findings we make recommendations on the content and spatial location of AR poster installations.
Measuring the Oblateness and Rotation of Transiting Extrasolar Giant Planets

We investigate the prospects for characterizing extrasolar giant planets by measuring planetary oblateness from transit photometry and inferring planetary rotational periods. The rotation rates of planets in the solar system vary widely, reflecting the planets' diverse formational and evolutionary histories. A measured oblateness, assumed composition, and equation of state yields a rotation rate from the Darwin-Radau relation. The light curve of a transiting oblate planet should differ significantly from that of a spherical one with the same cross-sectional area under identical stellar and orbital conditions. However, if the stellar and orbital parameters are not known a priori, fitting for them allows changes in the stellar radius, planetary radius, impact parameter, and stellar limb-darkening parameters to mimic the transit signature of an oblate planet, diminishing the oblateness signature. Thus, even if HD 209458b had an oblateness of 0.1 instead of our predicted 0.003, it would introduce a detectable departure from a model spherical light curve at the level of only one part in 105. Planets with nonzero obliquity break this degeneracy because their ingress light curve is asymmetric relative to that from egress and their best-case detectability is of order 10-4. However, the measured rotation rate for these objects is nonunique due to degeneracy between obliquity and oblateness and the unknown component of obliquity along the line of sight. Detectability of oblateness is maximized for planets transiting near an impact parameter of 0.7, regardless of obliquity. Future measurements of oblateness will be challenging because the signal is near the photometric limits of current hardware and inherent stellar noise levels.
Automatic Clause Boundary Annotation in the Hindi Treebank

In this paper, we propose a method for automatic clause boundary annotation in the Hindi Dependency Treebank. We show that the clausal information implicitly encoded in a dependency structure can be made explicit with no or less human intervention. We exercised the proposed approach on 16,000 sentences of Hindi Dependency Treebank. Our approach gives an accuracy of 94.44% for clause boundary identification evaluated over 238 clauses. The resultant corpus has varied usages and can be utilized for developing a statistical clause boundary identifier.
Information Goods Pricing and Copyright Enforcement: Welfare Analysis

We consider how the government should set the fine for copying, tax on copying medium, and subsidy on legitimate purchases, whereas a monopoly publisher sets price and spending on detection. There are two segments of potential software users--ethical users who will not copy, and unethical users who would copy if the benefit outweighs the cost. In deciding on policy, the government must consider how the publisher adjusts price and detection to changes in the fine, tax, and subsidy. Our key welfare result is that increases in detection affect welfare more negatively than price cuts. We also show that the tax is welfare superior to the fine, and that a subsidy is optimal. Generally, government policies that focus on penalties alone will miss the social welfare optimum.
A credit based routing mechanism to contrast selfish nodes in Delay tolerant networks

Delay Tolerance Networks (DTNs) are the networks in which no end to end path is present between nodes or may partially present with limited period of time. To forward a packet, DTN uses store, carry and forward mechanism. Security is one of the key issues in DTN. There are various security threats such as message modification, packet dropped, and selfish node etc. Nodes which are the part of a DTN, can behave selfishly due to the network reservation policy, especially for node energy or storage space. This paper proposes a secure credit based incentive scheme to contrast selfish behavior and stimulate bundle forwarding cooperation among DTN nodes. The contact graphs are created to distribute credits to the participating nodes. The proposed scheme can be implemented in a fully distributed manner to thwart various attacks without relying on any tamperproof hardware. The vulnerability of the above mentioned protocols is simulated using ONE simulator.
Evidence for “Propeller” Effects in X-Ray Pulsars GX 1+4 and GRO J1744–28

We present observational evidence for “propeller” effects in two X-ray pulsars, GX 1+4 and GRO J1744-28. Both sources were monitored regularly by the Rossi X-ray Timing Explorer (RXTE) throughout a decay period in the X-ray brightness. Quite remarkably, strong X-ray pulsation became unmeasurable when total X-ray flux had dropped below a certain threshold. Such a phenomenon is a clear indication of the propeller effects that take place when pulsar magnetosphere grows beyond the co-rotation radius as a result of the decrease in mass accretion rate and the centrifugal force prevents accreting matter from reaching the magnetic poles. The entire process should simply reverse as the accretion rate increases. Indeed, steady X-ray pulsation was reestablished as the sources emerged from the nonpulsating faint state. These data allow us to directly derive the surface polar magnetic field strength for both pulsars: 3.1 × 1013 G for GX 1+4 and 2.4 × 1011 G for GRO J1744-28. The results are likely to be accurate to within a factor of 2, with the total uncertainty dominated by the uncertainty in estimating the distances to the sources. Possible mechanisms for the persistent emission observed in the faint state are discussed in light of the extreme magnetic properties of the sources.
Panobinostat as part of induction and maintenance for elderly patients with newly diagnosed acute myeloid leukemia: phase Ib/II panobidara study

This phase Ib/II trial combined the pan-deacetylase inhibitor panobinostat with chemotherapy followed by panobinostat maintenance in elderly patients with newly diagnosed acute myeloid leukemia. Patients with prior history of myelodysplastic syndrome were excluded and 38 evaluable patients were included in the study (median age: 71 years; range: 65–83). Study patients received an induction with idarubicin (8 mg/m2 iv days 1–3) plus cytarabine (100 mg/m2 iv days 1–7) plus panobinostat po at escalating doses (days 8, 10, 12, 15, 17 and 19) that could be repeated in non-responding patients. Patients achieving complete remission received a consolidation cycle with the same schema, followed by panobinostat maintenance (40 mg po 3 days/week) every other week until progression. Thirty-one patients were treated at the maximum tolerated dose of panobinostat in the combination (10 mg) with good tolerability. Complete remission rate was 64% with a time to relapse of 17.0 months (12.8–21.1). Median overall survival for the whole series was 17 months (5.5–28.4). Moreover, in 4 of 5 patients with persistent minimal residual disease before maintenance, panobinostat monotherapy reduced its levels, with complete negativization in two of them. Maintenance phase was well tolerated. The most frequent adverse events were thrombocytopenia (25% grades 3/4), and gastrointestinal toxicity, asthenia and anorexia (mainly grades 1/2). Five patients required dose reduction during this phase, but only one discontinued therapy due to toxicity. These results suggest that panobinostat is one of the first novel agents with activity in elderly acute myeloid leukemia patients, and suggest further investigation is warranted, particularly in the context of maintenance therapy. This trial is registered at clinicaltrials.gov identifier: 00840346.
Effects of Dietary Forage and Calf Starter Diet on Ruminal pH and Bacteria in Holstein Calves during Weaning Transition

We investigated the relationship between ruminal pH and bacteria in calves fed calf starter with and without forage during weaning transition. First, 16 Holstein bull calves were obtained from dairy farms and equipped with rumen cannulas by cannulation surgery. Then, calves (73.5 ± 4.2 kg; mean ± SE) were assigned to groups fed calf starter either with forage (HAY, n = 8) or without forage (CON, n = 8), and all calves were weaned at 8 weeks of age. Ruminal pH was measured continuously, and rumen fluid samples were collected at 7, 8, 9, and 11 weeks of age, namely −1, 0, 1, and 3 weeks after weaning, respectively, to assess volatile fatty acid concentrations and bacterial DNA. The 24-h mean ruminal pH was significantly (P < 0.05) different between the two groups. Diurnal changes in the 1-h mean ruminal pH were observed throughout the study in the HAY group; however, they were not observed at 0 and 1 weeks after weaning in the CON group. Moreover, the HAY group had significantly (P < 0.05) higher proportions of acetate and butyrate and lower proportion of propionate, and significantly (P < 0.05) lower ruminal acetate-to-propionate ratios were observed in the CON group. The ruminal bacterial diversity indices decreased after −1 week in both groups and increased at 0 and 1 weeks after weaning in the HAY and CON groups, respectively. From the 454 pyrosequencing analysis, significant differences (P < 0.05) were observed in the relative abundance of several phyla (Bacteroidetes, Actinobacteria, and Tenericutes) and one genus (Prevotella) between the two groups. From quantitative real-time PCR analysis, the HAY group had the higher copy numbers of cellulolytic bacteria (Ruminococcus flavefaciens and Ruminococcus albus) compared with the CON group. This study demonstrated that feeding of dietary forage alleviates subacute ruminal acidosis due to diurnal changes in ruminal pH. Furthermore, changes in ruminal pH affect the ruminal bacterial diversity and relative abundance, and these changes might have influenced the establishment of fermentative ruminal functions during weaning transition.
An Alternative Approach to Data Acquisition Using Keyboard Emulation Technique

A number of data acquisition systems depend on human interface to access computer for measuring, processing and analyzing data and to prepare it for presentation and storage. Data acquisition software is installed on the computer and all intended operations are performed manually. The data acquisition software requires user intervention for operations like selection of measurement setup, acquisition and storage of data to computer. The duty of users becomes laborious if the data acquisition process lasts for a long duration and requires continuous repetition of steps. An appropriate solution to overcome such problem is to replace the physical operator with a virtual user. This software generated simulated user sits at the data acquisition process through out and automate all the intended steps of data acquisition. This paper presents a new approach for data acquisition by using keyboard emulation technique. A keyboard emulation software is developed which runs beside the main data acquisition software and acts as a virtual user. All the operations which require user interface are performed through fully automated computer program. The developed software/system is executed in a real time environment and the functionality of the software is verified. In the end, potential application areas of the designed keyboard emulation software are explored.
Eductive stability in sequential exchange economies: An introduction (with Roger Guesnerie)

This paper provides a survey of results concerning "eductive stability" of equilibrium in an abstract 2-period exchange economy. "Eductive stability" is based on the Common Knowledge considerations underlying the work reported in the book "Assessing rational expectations: "eductive" stability in economics" from which this paper is a chapter. "Iteratively Expectational stability" is a necessary condition of "eductive stability": conditions for IE stability as well as for local "eductive stability" are provided and discussed: these conditions stress a key role for the income effects of savings decisions as well as for their sensitivity to relative prices tomorrow.
Performance of QAM Schemes with Dual-Hop DF Relaying Systems over Mixed $η$-$μ$ and $κ$-$μ$ Fading Channels

Performance of quadrature amplitude modulation (QAM) sche mes is analyzed with dual-hop decodeand-forward (DF) relaying systems over mixed η-μ andκ-μ fading channels. Closed-form expressions are obtained for the average symbol error rate (ASER) for gen eral order rectangular QAM and cross QAM schemes using moment generating function based approac h. Derived expressions are in the form of Lauricella’s (F (n) D (·),Φ 1 (·)) hypergeometric functions which can be numerically evaluat ed using either integral or series representation. The obtained ASE R expressions include other mixed fading channel cases addressed in the literature as special cases s uch as mixed Hoyt, and Rice fading, mixed Nakagamim, and Rice fading. We further obtain a simple expression for t he asymptotic ASER, which is useful to determine a factor governing the system perform ance at high SNRs, i.e., the diversity order. Additionally, we analyze the optimal power allocati on, which provides a practical design rule to optimally distribute the total transmission power betwe en the source and the relay to minimize the ASER. Extensive numerical and computer simulation results are presented that confirm the accuracy of presented mathematical analysis.
L@@K! MINING EBAY: A THREE-PART INTEGRATED PROJECT FOR UNDERGRADUATE CIS STUDENTS

Industry often criticizes Computer Information Systems (CIS) courses for failing to help students see the “large picture. ” CIS students may not always make the connection between an information system’s design and how design impacts users and consumers in the larger e-commerce marketplace. A three-part integrated project utilized eBay and allowed students to explore online auction system functionality, with emphasis on the search function and how keyword variation, photos, text descriptions and additional graphics impact sellers and buyers in the marketplace. Student evaluations of the various activities and recommendations for their refinement are included.
Mapping the Design Space of Assessment Forms in Gameful Classrooms : Rationales , Patterns , Issues , Solutions

This symposium brings together a range of gameful assessment designs at different levels of formal education to explore how gameful design might lead to greater student engagement and improved learning outcomes. We use the term “gameful assessment” to describe assessment frameworks or approaches that employ game design principles to foster student motivation and learning. The symposium examines systems in both K-12 and higher education, and considers both the conceptual underpinnings of these systems and the design space of current tools developed to make it easier for instructors to implement gameful grading systems. Data related to the success (and struggles) of each system will be discussed.
Summer Bridge Programs: Supporting All Students. ERIC Digest.

Summer Bridge Programs: Supporting All Students. ERIC Digest. 2 RANGE OF ACTIVITIES AND TYPES OF SUMMER BRIDGE PROGRAMS. 2 RESEARCH TO SUPPORT THE IMPORTANCE OF SUMMER BRIDGE PROGRAMS.3 BENEFITS FOR STUDENTS. 3 MODEL PROGRAMS: INDIVIDUALIZING TO MEET TARGETED CAMPUS NEEDS. 4 EVALUATION OF PROGRAMS.5 SUMMARY. 5 REFERENCES. 5
Transcriptional Auto-Regulation of RUNX1 P1 Promoter

RUNX1 a member of the family of runt related transcription factors (RUNX), is essential for hematopoiesis. The expression of RUNX1 gene is controlled by two promoters; the distal P1 promoter and the proximal P2 promoter. Several isoforms of RUNX1 mRNA are generated through the use of both promoters and alternative splicing. These isoforms not only differs in their temporal expression pattern but also exhibit differences in tissue specificity. The RUNX1 isoforms derived from P2 are expressed in a variety of tissues, but expression of P1-derived isoform is restricted to cells of hematopoietic lineage. However, the control of hematopoietic-cell specific expression is poorly understood. Here we report regulation of P1-derived RUNX1 mRNA by RUNX1 protein. In silico analysis of P1 promoter revealed presence of two evolutionary conserved RUNX motifs, 0.6kb upstream of the transcription start site, and three RUNX motifs within 170bp of the 5’UTR. Transcriptional contribution of these RUNX motifs was studied in myeloid and T-cells. RUNX1 genomic fragment containing all sites show very low basal activity in both cell types. Mutation or deletion of RUNX motifs in the UTR enhances basal activity of the RUNX1 promoter. Chromatin immunoprecipitation revealed that RUNX1 protein is recruited to these sites. Overexpression of RUNX1 in non-hematopoietic cells results in a dose dependent activation of the RUNX1 P1 promoter. We also demonstrate that RUNX1 protein regulates transcription of endogenous RUNX1 mRNA in T-cell. Finally we show that SCL transcription factor is recruited to regions containing RUNX motifs in the promoter and the UTR and regulates activity of the RUNX1 P1 promoter in vitro. Thus, multiple lines of evidence show that RUNX1 protein regulates its own gene transcription.