Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
CHAPTER 39 Isolated Triglyceridemia

The various forms of hyperlipoproteinemia used to be designated type I to type V, depending on whether chylomicron triglyceride , VDRL triglyceride or both were elevated and whether LDL cholesterol was or not raised as well, has fallen into disuse. Now we distinguish : [1] Combined hyperlipidemia if triglycerides and LDL cholesterol are elevated. [2] Isolated moderate or severe hypertriglyceridemia if triglycerides are raised but LDL cholesterol is normal [3] High LDL cholesterol with normal triglycerides [4] Low HDL cholesterol with or without other abnormalities. By definition all patients with forms of moderate pure hypertriglyceridemia have a normal LDL cholesterol level, but that is not to say that all patients with moderate hypertriglyceridemia are the same.There are two forms :one with a normal apoB and one with an elevated apoB. The distinction is important as several studies have shown that risk is markedly increased in the latter only. Unfortunately, the two forms can not be distinguished accurately by measurement of lipid values. Thus many causes of hypertriglyceridemia exist, and not all hypertriglyceridemias are associated with increased cardiovascular risk. Clinicians have several tools to assess risk in individual patients, including nonHDL cholesterol levels, the triglyceride-to-HDL ratio, apoprotein B levels and lipoprotein particle subfractionation. Most important, however, is interpretation of triglyceride levels in the overall clinical context.
Effect of Antiischemic Therapy on Coronary Flow Reserve and the Pressure‐Maximal Coronary Flow Relationship in Anesthetized Swine

The effect Of nifedipine (0.5, 1.0, and 2.0 μg/kg/min); metoprolol (0.1, 0.5, and 1.0 mg/kg), the (β1-selective adrenoceptor partial agonist epanolol (10, 50, and 200 μ.g/kg), or equivalent volumes of isotonic saline (n = 6. in each group), on coronary blood flow capacity were studied in anesthetized swine.Intracoronary bolus injections of adenosine (20 μg/kg/10.2 ml) were administered without and during three levels of coronary stenosis, prior to and following each dose of drug, to obtain maximal coronary blood flows at different perfusion pressures in the autoregulatoryrange. Coronary perfusion pressures were varied by partial inflation of a balloon around the left anterior descending coronary artery. Special care was taken that the stenoses not lead to myocardial ischemia. Three indices of coronary blood flow capacity were used: absolute coronary flow reserve (ACFR, the ratio of maximal to resting coronary blood flow). the slope and the extrapolated pressure at zero flow (P2f) of the pressure-maximal coronary flow (PMCF) relationship, and relative coronary flow reserve (RCFR, the ratio of maximal coronary blood flow with a stenosis to maximal coronary blood flow without a stenosis) at two of the three levels of stenosis. Nifedipine decreased ACFR from 4.5 + 1.9 to 1.9 + 0.3 (mean ± SD: p < 0.05), reflecting in part the increase in resting coronary blood flow. The nifedipine-induced changes in maximal coronary blood flow were not only due to a drop in perfusion pressure, as the slope of the PMCF relationship decreased from 2.27 + (49 m1/(min.mm Hg) to 1.54 + 0.51 mll(min.mm Hg) (p < 0.05), and P2f decreased from 30 ± 4 mm Hg to 20 ± 7 mm Hg (p < 0.05). Consequently, calculated maximal coronary blood flow was attenuated from 114 31 ml/min to 93 ± 37 ml/min at 80 mm Hg; but was enhanced from 23 ± 13 to 37 + 24 ml/min at 40 mm Hg coronary perfusion pressure. In concert with the change in the PMCF relationship. RCFR at equivalent severe stenosis increased from 0.33 ± 0.06 to 0.47 ± 0.10 (p < 0.05). No changes were observed with metoprolol, epanolol, or saline. The effect of nifedipine on the PMCF relationship not only provides a mechanism for the drug's anti ischemic action, but should also he considered in the interpretation of coronary flow reserve measurements in patients on nifedipine treatment.
Controlling malware HTTP communications in dynamic analysis system using search engine

Malware is one of the most serious threats on the Internet. Countermeasures have been developed, but still many users are infected. Detecting and preventing communication by infected users from the network side would effectively mitigate the threats of malware. For this, we need to collect information about the destinations or payloads of malware communication. Dynamic analysis is usually used to obtain this information. Since some malware requires access to the Internet, e.g., bots and downloaders, the dynamic analysis environment must connect to the Internet. Recently developed malware communicates with remote hosts by HTTP protocol for not only command-and-control (C&C) or malware downloading but also attacks. For secure dynamic analysis in an environment with Internet connectivity, it is necessary to determine if the destination is for C&C or malware downloading and to only allow connection to these servers. We propose a dynamic analysis system with Internet connection that controls HTTP communication by using a search engine. To control HTTP connections, we built a classifier using a support vector machine based on the assumption that sites for C&C or malware downloading, for example, are harder to find and have a lower backlink count than benign sites. Our classifier, which is trained on popular URLs and URLs based on malware analysis, has 99.69% cross-validation accuracy. We evaluated other known benign popular sites with our classifier, and they were all classified as benign. Our evaluation confirms that our classifier can distinguish benign sites, so the proposed dynamic analysis system is effective for safe analysis in an environment with Internet connection.
An Efficient Approach for Image Recognition using Data Mining

— Skin region detection plays an important role in a variety of applications such as face detection, adult image filtering and gesture recognition. We present some definitions about digital imaging or numerical imaging and also the several image preprocessing and normalization. In this paper, we will tackle with two sub-problems which is the skin detection and face detection. We will propose skin detection method and some realized works in this area. Thus, we will detail the methods proposed for the face detection and the related studies found in literature. We will finish, by showing and analyzing the results obtained from tests made on a base of colored images with a complex background and make comparison to similar works which demonstrate that our algorithm achieve good accuracy
Measuring bandwidth

Accurate network bandwidth measurement is important to a variety of network applications. Unfortunately, accurate bandwidth measurement is difficult. We describe some current bandwidth measurement techniques: using throughput, and packet pair. We explain some of the problems with these techniques, including poor accuracy, poor scalability, lack of statistical robustness, poor agility in adapting to bandwidth changes, lack of flexibility in deployment, and inaccuracy when used on a variety of traffic types. The authors solutions to these problems include the use of a packet window to adapt quickly to bandwidth changes, receiver only packet pair to combine accuracy and ease of deployment, and potential bandwidth filtering to increase the accuracy. These techniques are at least as accurate as previously used filtering algorithms, and in some situations, they are more than 37% more accurate.
Recovery potential and conservation options for elasmobranchs.

Many elasmobranchs have experienced strong population declines, which have been largely attributed to the direct and indirect effects of exploitation. Recently, however, live elasmobranchs are being increasingly valued for their role in marine ecosystems, dive tourism and intrinsic worth. Thus, management plans have been implemented to slow and ultimately reverse negative trends, including shark-specific (e.g. anti-finning laws) to ecosystem-based (e.g. no-take marine reserves) strategies. Yet it is unclear how successful these measures are, or will be, given the degree of depletion and slow recovery potential of most elasmobranchs. Here, current understanding of elasmobranch population recoveries is reviewed. The potential and realized extent of population increases, including rates of increase, timelines and drivers are evaluated. Across 40 increasing populations, only 25% were attributed to decreased anthropogenic mortality, while the majority was attributed to predation release. It is also shown that even low exploitation rates (2-6% per year) can halt or reverse positive population trends in six populations currently managed under recovery plans. Management measures that help restore elasmobranch populations include enforcement or near-zero fishing mortality, protection of critical habitats, monitoring and education. These measures are highlighted in a case study from the south-eastern U.S.A. , where some evidence of recovery is seen in Pristis pectinata, Galeocerdo cuvier and Sphyrna lewini populations. It is concluded that recovery of elasmobranchs is certainly possible but requires time and a combination of strong and dedicated management actions to be successful.
Greening organizations through leaders' influence on employees' pro-environmental behaviors

Summary Climate change is a serious global issue that poses many risks to environmental and human systems. Although human activity is cited as the main cause of climate change and organizations significantly contribute to climate change, research that investigates workplace pro-environmental behaviors remains scarce. We develop and test a model that links environmentally-specific transformational leadership and leaders’ workplace pro-environmental behaviors to employees’ pro-environmental passion and behaviors. Structural equation modeling on data from 139subordinate–leaderdyads(Mages=37.42and40.17years,respectively)showedthatleaders’environmental descriptive norms predicted their environmentally-specific transformational leadership and their workplace pro-environmental behaviors, both of which predicted employees’ harmonious environmental passion. In turn, employees’ own harmonious environmental passion and their leaders’ workplace pro-environmental behaviors predicted their workplace pro-environmental behaviors. These findings show that leaders’environmental descriptive norms and the leadership and pro-environmental behaviors they enact play an important role in the greening of organizations. Conceptual and practical implications are discussed. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Mining of product reviews at aspect level

Todays world is a world of Internet, almost all work can be done with the help of it, from simple mobile phone recharge to biggest business deals can be done with the help of this technology. People spent their most of the times on surfing on the Web it becomes a new source of entertainment, education, communication, shopping etc. Users not only use these websites but also give their feedback and suggestions that will be useful for other users. In this way a large amount of reviews of users are collected on the Web that needs to be explored, analyse and organized for better decision making. Opinion Mining or Sentiment Analysis is a Natural Language Processing and Information Extraction task that identifies the users views or opinions explained in the form of positive, negative or neutral comments and quotes underlying the text. Aspect based opinion mining is one of the level of Opinion mining that determines the aspect of the given reviews and classify the review for each feature. In this paper an aspect based opinion mining system is proposed to classify the reviews as positive, negative and neutral for each feature. Negation is also handled in the proposed system. Experimental results using reviews of products show the effectiveness of the system.
Learning in a Fixed or Evolving Network of Agents

This paper investigates incremental multiagent learning in static or evolving structured networks. Learning examples are incrementally distributed among the agents, and the objective is to build a common hypothesis that is consistent with all the examples present in the system, despite communication constraints. Recently, a first mechanism was proposed to deal with static networks, but its accuracy was reduced in some topologies. We propose here several possible improvements of this mechanism, whose different behaviors with respect to some efficiency requirements (redundancy, computational cost and communicational cost) are experimentally investigated. Then, we provide an experimental analysis of some variants for evolving networks.
UvA-DARE (Digital Academic Repository) Pulsar polarisation below 200 MHz: Average profiles and propagation effects

Aims. We present the highest-quality polarisation proﬁles to date of 16 non-recycled pulsars and four millisecond pulsars, observed below 200 MHz with the LOFAR high-band antennas. Based on the observed proﬁles, we perform an initial investigation of expected observational e ﬀ ects resulting from the propagation of polarised emission in the pulsar magnetosphere and the interstellar medium. Methods. The polarisation data presented in this paper have been calibrated for the geometric-projection and beam-shape e ﬀ ects that distort the polarised information as detected with the LOFAR antennas. We have used RM Synthesis to determine the amount of Faraday rotation in the data at the time of the observations. The ionospheric contribution to the measured Faraday rotation was estimated using a model of the ionosphere. To study the propagation e ﬀ ects, we have compared our low-frequency polarisation observations with archival data at 240, 400, 600, and 1400 MHz. Results. The predictions of magnetospheric birefringence in pulsars have been tested using spectra of the pulse width and fractional polarisation from multifrequency data. The derived spectra o ﬀ er only partial support for the expected e ﬀ ects of birefringence on the polarisation properties, with only about half of our sample being consistent with the model’s predictions. It is noted that for some pulsars these measurements are contaminated by the e ﬀ ects of interstellar scattering. For a number of pulsars in our sample, we have observed signiﬁcant variations in the amount of Faraday rotation as a function of pulse phase, which is possibly an artefact of scattering. These variations are typically two orders of magnitude smaller than that observed at 1400 MHz by Noutsos et al. (2009), for a di ﬀ erent sample of southern pulsars. In this paper we present a possible explanation for the di ﬀ erence in magnitude of this e ﬀ ect between the two frequencies, based on scattering. Finally, we have estimated the magnetospheric emission heights of low-frequency radiation from four pulsars, based on the phase lags between the ﬂux-density and the PA proﬁles, and the theoretical framework of Blaskiewicz et al. (1991, ApJ, 370, 643). These estimates yielded heights of a few hundred km; at least for PSR B1133 + 16, this is consistent with emission heights derived based on radius-to-frequency mapping, but is up to a few times larger than the recent upper limit based on pulsar timing. Conclusions. Our work has shown that models, like magnetospheric birefringence, cannot be the sole explanation for the complex polarisation behaviour of pulsars. On the other hand, we have reinforced the claim that interstellar scattering can introduce a rotation of the PA with frequency that is indistinguishable from Faraday rotation and also varies as a function of pulse phase. In one case, the derived emission heights appear to be consistent with the predictions of radius-to-frequency mapping at 150 MHz, although this interpretation is subject to a number of systematic uncertainties.
Scaling Multidimensional Inference for Structured Gaussian Processes

Exact Gaussian process (GP) regression has <formula formulatype="inline"><tex Notation="TeX">${\cal O}(N^{3})$</tex> <mathgraphic graphicformat="GIF" fileref="gilboa-ieq1-192.gif"/></formula> runtime for data size <formula formulatype="inline"><tex Notation="TeX">$N$</tex><mathgraphic graphicformat="GIF" fileref="gilboa-ieq2-192.gif"/></formula>, making it intractable for large <formula formulatype="inline"><tex Notation="TeX">$N$</tex> <mathgraphic graphicformat="GIF" fileref="gilboa-ieq3-192.gif"/></formula>. Many algorithms for improving GP scaling approximate the covariance with lower rank matrices. Other work has exploited structure inherent in particular covariance functions, including GPs with implied Markov structure, and inputs on a lattice (both enable <formula formulatype="inline"><tex Notation="TeX">${\cal O}(N)$</tex><mathgraphic graphicformat="GIF" fileref="gilboa-ieq4-192.gif"/> </formula> or <formula formulatype="inline"><tex Notation="TeX">${\cal O}(N\; \log\; N)$</tex> <mathgraphic graphicformat="GIF" fileref="gilboa-ieq5-192.gif"/></formula> runtime). However, these GP advances have not been well extended to the multidimensional input setting, despite the preponderance of multidimensional applications. This paper introduces and tests three novel extensions of structured GPs to multidimensional inputs, for models with additive and multiplicative kernels. First we present a new method for inference in additive GPs, showing a novel connection between the classic backfitting method and the Bayesian framework. We extend this model using two advances: a variant of projection pursuit regression, and a Laplace approximation for non-Gaussian observations. Lastly, for multiplicative kernel structure, we present a novel method for GPs with inputs on a multidimensional grid. We illustrate the power of these three advances on several data sets, achieving performance equal to or very close to the naive GP at orders of magnitude less cost.
Performance evaluation and resource allocation in HetNets under joint offloading and frequency reuse

Offloading users from an overloaded macro base station (BS) to a lightly loaded small cell BS is critical to alleviate the congestion of the macro BSs. However to overcome the signal-to-interference-plus-noise ratio (SINR) degradation of the offloaded users, offloading should be done in conjunction with an efficient interference management technique. Strict fractional frequency reuse (Strict-FFR) is an attractive interference management technique due to its bandwidth efficiency and its fitness to orthogonal frequency division multiple access based cellular networks. We provide a mathematical framework for evaluating the performance of the users under a flexible user association and a Strict-FFR interference management mechanism. Furthermore, we propose a novel resource allocation mechanism based on the BSs bias values and FFR thresholds that achieves higher user throughput and rate coverage probability. The accuracy of analysis and the effectiveness of the Strict-FFR mechanism is verified by numerical experiments in different scenarios.
Profile of Maternal and Foetal Complications during Labour and Delivery among Women Giving Birth in Hospitals in Matlab and Chandpur, Bangladesh

Worldwide, for an estimated 358,000 women, pregnancy and childbirth end in death and mourning, and beyond these maternal deaths, 9-10% of pregnant women or about 14 million women per year suffer from acute maternal complications. This paper documents the types and severity of maternal and foetal complications among women who gave birth in hospitals in Matlab and Chandpur, Bangladesh, during 2007-2008. The Community Health Research Workers (CHRWs) of the icddr,b service area in Matlab prospectively collected data for the study from 4,817 women on their places of delivery and pregnancy outcomes. Of them, 3,010 (62.5%) gave birth in different hospitals in Matlab and/or Chandpur and beyond. Review of hospital-records was attempted for 2,102 women who gave birth only in the Matlab Hospital of icddr,b and in other public and private hospitals in the Matlab and Chandpur area. Among those, 1,927 (91.7%) records were found and reviewed by a physician. By reviewing the hospital-records, 7.3% of the women (n=1,927) who gave birth in the local hospitals were diagnosed with a severe maternal complication, and 16.1% with a less-severe maternal complication. Abortion cases—either spontaneous or induced—were excluded from the analysis. Over 12% of all births were delivered by caesarean section (CS). For a substantial proportion (12.5%) of CS, no clear medical indication was recorded in the hospital-register. Twelve maternal deaths occurred during the study period; most (83%) of them had been in contact with a hospital before death. Recommendations include standardization of the hospital record-keeping system, proper monitoring of indications of CS, and introduction of maternal death audit for further improvement of the quality of care in public and private hospitals in rural Bangladesh.
Isolation and Characterization of a Rice Dwarf Mutant with a Defect in Brassinosteroid Biosynthesis1

We have isolated a new recessive dwarf mutant of rice (Oryza sativa L. cv Nipponbare). Under normal growth conditions, the mutant has very short leaf sheaths; has short, curled, and frizzled leaf blades; has few tillers; and is sterile. Longitudinal sections of the leaf sheaths revealed that the cell length along the longitudinal axis is reduced, which explains the short leaf sheaths. Transverse sections of the leaf blades revealed enlargement of the motor cells along the dorsal-ventral axis, which explains the curled and frizzled leaf blades. In addition, the number of crown roots was smaller and the growth of branch roots was weaker than those in the wild-type plant. Because exogenously supplied brassinolide considerably restored the normal phenotypes, we designated the mutantbrassinosteroid-dependent 1(brd1). Further, under darkness, brd1showed constitutive photomorphogenesis. Quantitative analyses of endogenous sterols and brassinosteroids (BRs) indicated that BR-6-oxidase, a BR biosynthesis enzyme, would be defective. In fact, a 0.2-kb deletion was detected in the genomic region ofOsBR6ox (a rice BR-6-oxidase gene) in thebrd1 mutant. These results indicate that BRs are involved in many morphological and physiological processes in rice, including the elongation and unrolling of leaves, development of tillers, skotomorphogenesis, root differentiation, and reproductive growth, and that the defect of BR-6-oxidase caused thebrd1 phenotype.
Giving and Receiving Peer Advice in an Online Breast Cancer Support Group

People have access to experiential information and advice about health online. The types of advice exchanged affect the nature of online communities and potentially patient decision making. The aim of this study was to examine the ways in which peers exchange advice within an online health forum in order to better understand online groups as a resource for decision making. Messages collected over a one-month period from an online breast cancer support forum were analyzed for examples of advice exchange. The majority of the messages solicited advice through problem disclosure or requests for information and opinion. A novel form of advice solicitation-"anyone in the same boat as me"-was noted as was the use of personal experience as a form of advice giving. Women construct their advice requests to target like-minded people. The implications in terms of decision making and support are discussed.