Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Techno-Economic Assessment of On-Site Production of Biomethane, Bioenergy, and Fertilizer from Small-Scale Anaerobic Digestion of Jabuticaba By-Product

Bioenergy recovery from biomass by-products is a promising approach for the circular bioeconomy transition. However, the management of agri-food by-products in stand-alone treatment facilities is a challenge for the low-capacity food processing industry. In this study, the techno-economic assessment of a small-scale anaerobic digestion process was evaluated for the management of jabuticaba by-product and the production of biomethane, electricity, heat, and fertilizer. The process was simulated for a treatment capacity of 782.2 m3 y−1 jabuticaba peel, considering the experimental methane production of 42.31 L CH4 kg−1 TVS. The results of the scaled-up simulated process demonstrated the production of biomethane (13,960.17 m3 y−1), electricity (61.76 MWh y−1), heat (197.62 GJ y−1), and fertilizer (211.47 t y−1). Economic analysis revealed that the process for biomethane recovery from biogas is not profitable, with a net margin of −19.58% and an internal rate of return of −1.77%. However, biogas application in a heat and power unit can improve project feasibility, with a net margin of 33.03%, an internal rate of return of 13.14%, and a payback of 5.03 years. In conclusion, the application of small-scale anaerobic digestion can prevent the wrongful open-air disposal of jabuticaba by-products, with the generation of renewable energy and biofertilizer supporting the green economy toward the transition to a circular economy.
RSG: Beating SGD without Smoothness and/or Strong Convexity

In this paper, we propose a novel {\bf R}estarted {\bf S}tochastic sub{\bf G}radient (RSG) method that can find an $\epsilon$-optimal solution for a broad class of non-smooth and/or non-strongly convex optimization problems with a lower iteration complexity than vanilla stochastic subgradient descent (SGD). In particular, for general non-smooth and non-strongly convex optimization, RSG reduces the dependence of SGD's iteration complexity on the distance to the optimal set of the initial solution to that of points on the $\epsilon$-level set. For a special family of non-smooth and non-strongly convex optimization problems whose epigraph is a polyhedron, we further show that RSG could converge linearly. In addition, RSG has an $O(\frac{1}{\epsilon}\log(\frac{1}{\epsilon}))$ iteration complexity for problems with a much weaker notion of strong convexity, namely locally semi-strongly convexity. For a family of (non-) smooth optimization problems that admit a local (Kurdyka-) \L ojasiewicz property with a power constant of $\beta\in(0,1)$, RSG has an $O(\frac{1}{\epsilon^{2\beta}}\log(\frac{1}{\epsilon}))$ iteration complexity, which is better that that of SGD for such optimization problems whose iteration complexity is $O(\frac{1}{\epsilon^2})$. The novelty of our analysis lies at exploiting the lower bound of the subgradient or gradient of the objective function at the $\epsilon$-level set. It is this novelty that allows us to explore the local properties of functions (e.g., local semi-strong convexity, local (Kurdyka-) \L ojasiewicz property, more generally local error bounds) to develop improved convergence of RSG.
Smoothing parameter selection in quasi-likelihood models

We derive an improved version of the Akaike information criterion (AICC) for quasi-likelihood models with nonparametric functions. This selection criterion is designed as approximately unbiased estimates of the expected Kullback–Leibler information for nonparametric functions under quasi-likelihood models. The finite sample performance of the AICC is demonstrated via Monte Carlo simulations for nonparametric logistic and Poisson regression models. The results show that AICC is better than both the Akaike information criterion and the generalized cross-validation critserion.
HYDRODYNAMICAL CODE FOR NUMERICAL SIMULATION OF THE GAS COMPONENTS OF COLLIDING GALAXIES

In this paper, a new hydrodynamical code for the numerical simulation of the collision of the gas components of galaxies is described. The code is based on the Fluids-in-Cells method with the Godunov-type scheme at the Eulerian stage. Also, the velocity correction is employed at the Lagrangian stage and energy imbalance is minimized. The performance of the code is shown by the simulation of the collision of gas components of two similar disk galaxies in the course of the central collision of the galaxies in the polar direction. As a result of the numerical simulations within the model, we succeeded in determining the main scenarios of the collision of galaxies. At low velocities, both galaxies and their gas components coalesce. At high velocities, the massive stellar components of galaxies dissipate almost freely, leaving their gaseous components slowed down and heated by the collision. If the common gas component of the colliding galaxies cools down to the virial temperature, a new galaxy is formed from the two. With the high collision velocity, the gas component has no time to cool and therefore the gas dissipates in the intergalactic medium.
Wilson’s Disease—Genetic Puzzles with Diagnostic Implications

(1) Introduction: Wilson’s disease (WND) is an autosomal recessive disorder of copper metabolism. The WND gene is ATP7B, located on chromosome 13. WND is characterized by high clinical variability, which causes diagnostic difficulties. (2) Methods: The PubMed, Science Direct, and Wiley Online Library medical databases were reviewed using the following phrases: “Wilson’s disease”, “ATP7B genotype”, “genotype-phenotype”, “epigenetics”, “genetic modifiers”, and their combinations. Publications presenting the results of experimental and clinical studies, as well as review papers, were selected, which concerned: (i) the diversity of genetic strategies and tests used in WND diagnosis; (ii) the difficulties of genetic diagnosis, including uncertainty as to the pathogenicity of variants; (iii) genetic counseling; (iv) phenotypic effects of ATP7B variants in patients with WND and in heterozygous carriers (HzcWND); (v) genetic and epigenetics factors modifying the clinical picture of the disease. (3) Results and conclusions: The genetic diagnosis of WND is carried out using a variety of strategies and tests. Due to the large number of known variants in the ATP7B gene (>900), the usefulness of genetic tests in routine diagnostics is still relatively small and even analyses performed using the most advanced technologies, including next-generation sequencing, require additional tests, including biochemical evidence of abnormal copper metabolism, to confirm the diagnosis of WND. Pseudodominant inheritance, the presence of three various pathogenic variants in the same patient, genotypes indicating the possibility of segmental uniparental disomy, have been reported. Genotype–phenotype relationships in WND are complex. The ATP7B genotype, to some extent, determines the clinical picture of the disease, but other genetic and epigenetic modifiers are also relevant.
Switching the light off: A break in photosynthesis and sap flow of forest trees under total solar eclipse

In mature trees of Picea abies, Fagus sylvatica and Quercus robur, photosynthesis and transpiration were assessed in response to the total solar eclipse that occurred in Central Europe during the late morning hours of August 11, 1999, a day with changing cloudiness. Measurements were conducted at three forest sites located in the totality zone and the 99% area of the eclipse within a radius of about 100 km around the city of Munich (southern Germany). The eclipse lasting 164 minutes lowered the photosynthetic photon flux density (PPFD) to about 1 μmol m -2 s -1 during the 2-minute totality period, when the sky was clear. During totality, photosynthesis was reduced to an extent that allowed CO 2 release to dominate the gas exchange of leaves. Effects on transpiration were less pronounced as the totality was apparently too short to induce distinct stomatal closure in response to low PPFD. Transpiration was strongly reduced, however, by increased air humidity and wet leaf surfaces during sporadic rain showers which preceded or succeeded the eclipse during the same day, whereas low PPFD through intermittent cloudiness during rain only moderately reduced photosynthesis. Although transpiration was lowered to a minor extent only by the eclipse, the latter affected the water transport through the whole tree, as reflected in a decline in the sap flow rate through the basal stem part with a time delay depending on the species. Nevertheless, trees responded in a synchronous way, regardless of the site, species or the percent degree of the eclipse.
Electromagnetic and Thermodynamic Analysis to Predict the Serious Life-threatening Implications of Future Massive Solar Energy Application

In this article, by an electromagnetic and thermodynamic analysis, it is finally predicted that future massive solar power application will pose a serious threat to life. To the eventual aim, it is first argued that life feeds on low entropy. Then, two physical theorems are proven, which clearly show the severe limitations in doing macroscopic work for future large-scale solar power use: First, low-density solar radiation limitation, and second, positive entropy generation limitation. These limitations force the observation that solar radiation must be extremely concentrated to produce a gigantic amount of work. Accordingly, some future practical implications of concentrated solar power use are considered. Combining these physical limitations with a discussion of the biophysical limit, some inferences are made leading to the final prediction above. In conclusion, for the preservation of life, it is proposed that present and future massive energy consumption must be strictly avoided.
Device-Free Indoor Localization Based on Multidimensional CSI Features Classification

With the rapid development of location-based service applications in recent years, indoor localization based on Wi-Fi channel state information (CSI) has attracted extensive attention. Although spatial variations are explicitly reflected in CSI measurements, representation differences caused by small contextual changes tend to be submerged by overall multipath fluctuations, especially in device-free localization. Most existing model-based solutions either underutilize the spatial and time-frequency information carried by CSI, or the employed models fail to capture small representational changes in CSI well, which makes them struggle to get satisfactory expectations. To address these problems, this paper proposes a progressive device-free localization scheme using multidimensional CSI features classification, named ProLoc. Different from previous works that directly extract the features of raw measurements, ProLoc constructs a model input containing multi-category information of CSI to perform better location inference. First, a time-frequency correlation matrix with low rank is created based on the CSI amplitude, and a 3-order CSI tensor is planned combined with spatial diversity. Second, using a novel low-rank matrix factorization algorithm and the time-frequency gradients of CSI, a 4-order tensor containing multidimensional information is generated as input data. Finally, employing 3D convolutional neural networks and gated recurrent unit, we build a progressive dual-model system to realize the mapping from CSI to target locations in various spatial contexts. Extensive self-evaluations and comparisons with several state-of-the-art methods highlight the superiority of the proposed ProLoc.
A newly developed and fully validated HPLC method for simultenous determination of in-situ single pass intestinal permeability of domperidone, metoprolol tartarate and phenol red

: One of the most popular methods for figuring out a drug’s intestinal permeability is the intestinal perfusion (SPIP) approach. Metoprolol as tartrate and phenol red are frequently utilized as reference compounds in perfusion tests to assess the permeability coefficient of the study’s focus component, Domperidone maleate. Our study’s goal was to create and validate a reversed-phase liquid chromatographic technique for the simultaneous detection of Domperidone maleate, metoprolol, and phenol red for use in intestinal perfusion studies. The analysis was performed on a C18 column 150 × 1.5 mm, 5.0 µm using a mobile phase consisting of methanol: 20 mM potassium dihydrogen phosphate buffer 43:57, v/v ; pH 3.1. The procedure was validated using the FDA’s standards for stability, linearity, precision, and accuracy. All calibration curves were linear r 2 > 0.99. The system suitability parameters of the method are the required limits all analytes. The in situ intestinal permeability experiments can easily be standardized with the help of this newly created and proven approach.
Using an inquiry approach to teach science to secondary school science teachers

Leaders in science education have actively promoted inquiry science since the 1960s and continue to do so today. The US National Science Education Standards recommend that science instruction and learning should be well grounded in inquiry. In spite of these efforts, however, little has changed in the way science is taught. Teacher-talk and textbooks are still the primary providers of science information for students. The objective of this paper is to: (a) define inquiry as a strategy for teaching science, (b) review the history of inquiry science teaching, and (c) present the Physics by Inquiry model for in-servicing middle school science teachers in order to provide assistance for teachers to successfully implement an inquiry approach to teaching science.
Constipation-Predominant Irritable Bowel Syndrome (IBS-C): Effects of Different Nutritional Patterns on Intestinal Dysbiosis and Symptoms

Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) is a chronic functional gastrointestinal disorder characterized by abdominal pain associated with defecation or a change in bowel habits. The pathogenesis of IBS is not completely clear, but it is known to be multifactorial and complex. Endogenous and exogenous factors such as abnormal GI motility, low-grade inflammation, increased epithelial permeability and visceral hypersensitivity, but diet and psychosocial aspects are also recognized as important actors. Furthermore, the interaction between diet and gut microbiota has gained interest as a potential contributor to the pathophysiology of IBS. To date, there is no specific diet for IBS with constipation (IBS-C); however, many studies show that fiber intake, especially soluble fiber such as inulin, could have a positive effect on symptoms. This review aims to evaluate the effects of some nutritional components such as fibers but also functional foods, prebiotics, probiotics and symbiotics on symptoms and microbiota in IBS-C subjects.
Unsteady Aerodynamic Modeling of Aircraft Control Surfaces by Indicial Response Methods

This study is part of a larger effort to create reduced-order models for aerodynamic forces and moments acting on a maneuvering aircraft with moving control surfaces. The aircraft used in this study was inspired by the T-38 jet trainer and includes elevators, rudder, ailerons, and trailing-edge flaps on the wing for landing and takeoff. A hybrid unstructured overset mesh was generated to move these control surfaces and simulate the unsteady flowfields around the aircraft. The static results are first compared to experimental data available at different flap deflection angles, with good agreement obtained at low to moderate angles of attack and deflection angles. Unsteady airloads predictions were then made using the indicial response methods and response functions due to step changes in control surface deflection angles. A time-dependent surrogate model was also used to approximate the response function variation with changes in the angle of attack. The model outputs were then compared with time-accurate .
An introduction to dynamic meteorology

During the past decade, the science of dynamic meteorology has continued its rapid advance. The scope of dynamic meteorology has broadened considerably. Much of the material is based on a two-term course for seniors majoring in atmospheric sciences. This book presents a cogent explanation of the fundamentals of meteorology and explains storm dynamics for weather-oriented meteorologists. It discusses climate dynamics and the implications posed for global change. The new edition has added a companion website with MATLAB exercises and updated treatments of several key topics. * Provides clear physical explanations of key dynamical principles* Contains a wealth of illustrations to elucidate text and equations, plus end-of-chapter problems* Holton is one of the leading authorities in contemporary meteorology, and well known for his clear writing style* Instructor's Manual available to adopters NEW IN THIS EDITION * A companion website with MATLAB exercises and demonstrations* Updated treatments on climate dynamics, tropical meteorology, middle atmosphere dynamics, and numerical prediction
Study on Improving Measures of Mechanical Properties of Geopolymer Materials and Its Effect on CO2 Emission

Using construction and demolition waste composites (CDWC) and fly ash (FA) to replace cement to produce concrete can reduce CO2 emissions. However, the CDWC-based geopolymer materials have two imperfections: the compressive strength is prone to decrease with the increase of curing age (strength shrinkage) under heat curing conditions, and the strength develops slowly under ambient curing conditions. To solve the problems of these materials, on the one hand, we designed an experiment of preparing CDWC-based geopolymer concrete (CDWGC) with pretreated CDWC at different high temperatures. We analyzed the influence of different pretreatment temperatures on the mechanical properties of CDWGC through compressive strength, SEM-EDS and XRD. On the other hand, we added CaO to improve the mechanical properties of CDWC-based geopolymer paste (CDWGP) under ambient curing conditions. Further, the CO2 emissions of pretreating CDWC and adding CaO were calculated by life cycle assessment (LCA). The results show that: (1) Pretreatment of CDWC can effectively solve the problem of CDWGC strength shrinkage. (2) The compressive strength of CDWGP cured at ambient can be significantly improved by adding CaO, and the compressive strength can be increased by 180.9% when the optimum content is 3%. (3) Adding CaO had less impact on CO2 emissions, a low-carbon way to improve its strength effectively.
Reconstructing the pupil function of microscope objectives from the intensity PSF

The quality of high performance microscope objectives is usually verified by interferometric measurement of the wave front. However, a non-interferometric method might be preferable, when appropriate light sources of sufficient coherence length or an interferometric setup are difficult to realize. Under these circumstances, the complex pupil function of an optical system can also be determined from its intensity point spread function (PSF), i.e. from the image of a sub-resolution point object. We present a system that can determine the pupil function of high-NA microscope objectives from defocused images of an artificial point source. An extended version of the "Misell" algorithm is used, which utilizes 4 or more PSF images to overcome the Fourier phase ambiguity and which generally converges rapidly to the correct pupil function both in phase and amplitude. The algorithm can also compensate small errors in the x-, y- and z-positions of the images, which might be caused by vibrations, thermal drift or the limited accuracy of the z-drive.
Electrical characterization of semiconductor nanowires by scanning tunneling microscopy

In order to understand the structural and electronic properties of semiconductor nanowires, scanning tunneling microscopy is an appealing technique that can supplement transmission electron microscopies and conventional electrical characterization techniques. It is able to probe the surface of semiconductor materials at the atomic scale and can be successfully applied to study the nanofaceting morphology, the atomic structure and the surface composition of oxide-free nanowire sidewalls. Based on the advantages provided by the unique geometry of semiconductor nanowires for a low-cost and efficient integration into nanoscale devices, additional characterization schemes performed with multiple probe scanning tunneling microscopy are also presented to get a deeper understanding of their transport properties.
Chirality dependent spin polarization of carbon nanotubes

The spin polarization of carbon nanotubes (CNTs) offers a tunable building block for spintronic devices and is also crucial for realizing carbon-based electronics. However, the effect of chiral CNTs is still unclear. In this paper, we use the density functional theory (DFT) method to investigate the spin polarization of a series of typical finite-length chiral CNTs (9, m). The results show that the spin density of chiral CNTs (9, m) decreases gradually with the increase in m and vanishes altogether when m is larger than or equal to 6. The armchair edge units on both ends of the (9, m) CNTs exhibit a clear inhibition of spin polarization, allowing control of the spin density of (9, m) CNTs by adjusting the number of armchair edge units on the tube end. Furthermore, analysis of the orbitals shows that the spin of the ground state for (9, m) CNTs mainly comes from the contributions of the frontier molecular orbitals (MOs), and the energy gap decreases gradually with the spin density for chiral CNTs. Our work further develops the study of the spin polarization of CNTs and provides a strategy for controlling the spin polarization of functional molecular devices through chiral vector adjustment.
Temperature and Climatic Seasonality Affecting C3 Versus C4 Plants Since the Last Deglacial on the Northeastern Tibetan Plateau

The climate reconstruction of the Tibetan Plateau, which was called the Third Pole Environment, has been a research hotspot in recent years. However, there are few studies on C3 and C4 plants evolution and it is an area of active debate on whether there are C4 plants existing on the Tibetan Plateau. In this study, the paleoclimate of the Hurleg Lake on the northeastern Tibetan Plateau is reconstructed based on n‐alkane‐induced indicators, while the C4 plant evolution history is established by compound‐specific isotope of long‐chain n‐alkanes since 14.1 cal kyr BP. The response of C4 plant evolution history to climate change on the northeastern margin of the Tibetan Plateau demonstrated that C3 and C4 plants were sensitive to local and global climate change. Solar radiation in summer, insolation‐affected East Asian monsoon, and seasonal climate (including seasonal variation of the solar radiation, temperature, and precipitation) had significant effects on the long‐term growth of C4. On the other hand, factors such as temperature, precipitation, and other potential factors affected the detailed variation of C4 plants in a relatively short‐term. Our finding maintained the existence of C4 plants in the high‐altitude region and indicated that the abundance of C4 plants might increase significantly and the ecological pattern of vegetation on the Tibetan Plateau will change distinctly in the coming warmer climate conditions.