Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Intestinal calcium transport in mole‐rats (Cryptomys damarensis and Heterocephalus glaber) is independent of both genomic and non‐genomic vitamin D mediation

The role of vitamin D in mineral uptake in the gastrointestinal tract (GIT) of mole‐rats (Heterocephalus glaber and Cryptomys damarensis; family Bathyergidae), animals with a naturally impoverished vitamin D status, was investigated. We measured relative rates of passage of radioactive markers, mode of calcium (Ca) uptake, paracellular movement and the opening of voltage‐sensitive Ca channels (VSCCs) along the GIT with and without oral vitamin D3 supplementation. The ratio of relative absorption of labelled 45Ca to [14C]polyethylene glycol ([14C]PEG) indicated that within 24 h more than 88% of the Ca in the diet had been absorbed. Most absorption occurred in the duodenum within 12 h. The contribution of the hindgut (caecum and proximal and distal colon) to total Ca absorption was small (approximately 11%). Only passive uptake occurred in the duodenum (serosal (S): mucosal (M) ratios approximately 1). Active uptake occurred in the hindgut (S:M > 2), although hindgut absorption appears to play a secondary role to passive uptake in the duodenum. Vitamin D3 supplementation had no effect on the mode of Ca uptake in either the small intestine or the hindgut. Although we found VSCCs in mole‐rat intestinal epithelial cells, they occurred in very low concentrations. Calcium influx through VSCCs did not change following vitamin D stimulation. Furthermore, mole‐rats pretreated with intraperitoneal (I.P.) 1,25(OH)2D3 showed no enhancement of VSCC Ca uptake, indicating that active uptake plays a minor role, if any, in GIT mineral absorption. Our data support the hypothesis that intestinal Ca transport in mole‐rats is independent of both genomic and non‐genomic vitamin D mediation.
An advanced Study on Cryptography Mechanisms for Wireless Sensor Networks

Wireless Sensor Network (WSN) is consisting of independent and distributed sensors to monitor physical or environmental conditions, such as temperature, sound, pressure, etc. The most crucial and fundamental challenge facing WSN is security. Due to minimum capacity in-term of memory cost, processing and physical accessibility to sensors devices the security attacks are problematic. They are mostly deployed in open area, which expose them to different kinds of attacks. In this paper, we present an illustration of different attacks and vulnerabilities in WSN. Then we describe and analyze security requirement, countermeasures based on cryptography mechanisms in literature. Finally, we present possible directions in future research.
Comparison of CT and MR Imaging in Staging of Neck

1 From the Department of Radiology, Massachusetts Eye and Earlnfirmary, 243 Charles St, Boston, MA 021 14 (H.D.C.); the Departments of Radiology (H.D.C., B.J.M.) and Health Care Policy (D.J.C., B.J.M.), Harvard Medical School, Boston, Mass; the Department of Mathematics and Statistics, University of Ottawa, Ontario, Canada (HI.); the Department of Radiology, Shands Hospital and Universityof Florida CollegeofMedidne, Gainesville (AAM.); the Department of Radiology, University of Washington Medical Center, Seattle (R.W.D.); and the Department of Radiology, Brigham and Wornen’s Hospital, Boston, Mass (B.J.M.). From the 1995 RSNA scientific assemb’y. Received August 7, 1997; revision requested October 23; revision received November 26; accepted December 10. Supported in part by National Cancer Institute and National Institutes of Health grant UO1 CA5401 9. Address reprint requests to H.D.C.
Critical Discourse Analysis as a Theory and Review Methodology

Research disciplines and subdisciplines are steeped in epistemological beliefs that guide and constrain research. These beliefs both enable scientific inquiry and limit scientific progress. Theory and review papers tend to be a means for reproducing ideological assumptions. However, review papers can also challenge ideological assumptions. This paper presents a method for systematically conducting critical reviews of IS literature by employing Habermasian strains of critical discourse analysis.
Early sample test technique

Classical test pattern generator (TPG) only concern about producing maximum length of test vector. It does not consider the previous (history) of test vectors which have been generated in producing next test vectors. As a result, succeeding test vector may capture the same fault which resulted in low accumulated fault coverage. In this paper we introduced a new approach for testing both combinational circuits and sequential circuits with the aim to highlight on the importance to consider previous test vectors which have been generated in trying to capture different faults as the generation proceeds to produce consequence test vector. The proposed test method also manages to produce high fault coverage even though the test was sampled early without the need to wait till the last clock. Several experiments have been carried out on ISCAS benchmarks circuit and the results were compared with different test methods. The proposed test method proved effective, producing high fault coverage with a limited number of test vectors.
A low-power inverted ladder D/a converter

Interpolating, dual resistor ladder digital-to-analog converters (DACs) typically use the fine, least significant bit (LSB) ladder floating upon the static most significant bit (MSB) ladder. The usage of the LSB ladder incurs a penalty in dynamic performance due to the added output resistance and switch matrix parasitic capacitance. Current biasing of the LSB ladder addresses this issue by employing active circuitry. We propose an inverted ladder DAC, where an MSB ladder slides upon two static LSB ladders. While using no active components this scheme achieves lower output resistance and parasitic capacitance for a given power budget. We present a 0.35-mum, 3.3-V implementation consuming 22-muA current with output resistance of 40 kOmega and effective parasitic capacitance of 650 fF
TACO: temperature aware clock-tree optimization

In this paper, an efficient linear time algorithm TACO is proposed for the first time to minimize the worst case clock skew in the presence of on-chip thermal variation. TACO, while tries to minimize the worst case clock skew, also attempts to minimize the clock tree wirelength by building up merging diamonds in a bottom-up manner. As an output, TACO provides balanced merging points and the modified clock routing paths to minimize the worst case clock skew under thermal variation. Experimental results on a set of standard benchmarks show 50-70% skew reduction with less than 0.6% wirelength overhead.
Teach Music to Aid Beginning Readers.

MOST YOUNG children love music. Even children who may not like singing derive great satisfaction from beating on drums, stamping their feet, or moving to music. In addition to being enjoyable, the experiences gained in music can help develop and reinforce abilities in beginning reading. Learning music and learning to read closely parallel each other. Both depend upon being able to perceive likenesses and differences in sounds and in the shapes of symbols. Music is read from left to right and top to bottom, the same as reading words. It is not common for children to read music in kindergarten and grade one; but actually, reading music notation, as long as it is not on a stave, is much easier than reading the alphabet. The notes have the advan tage of being consistent with the sounds they represent. The notes should have the tradi tional shapes to show duration. However, they can be placed all in a row, with no need for the customary five-line stave. They can be repre sented in one colour if they are to be used for percussion band sheets, and in eight colours (one for each note of the scale of C major) for instruments such as xylophone, resonator bells, or piano. Each key or bar on the instrument can have a coloured disc of paper attached to it and familiar songs using these eight notes can be copied in those colours. (There are at least 35 well-known songs and nur sery rhymes that can be played on these eight notes.) Percussion band sheets can be made on large pieces of paper with notes an inch in diameter for easy reading by the whole class. Plenty of space should be allowed between lines to make the reading process
Emergence of Plasmid-Mediated Quinolone Resistance in Escherichia coli in Europe

ABSTRACT Although quinolone resistance results mostly from chromosomal mutations, it may also be mediated by a plasmid-encoded qnr gene in members of the family Enterobacteriaceae. Thus, 297 nalidixic-acid resistant strains of 2,700 Escherichia coli strains that had been isolated at the Bicêtre Hospital (Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France) in 2003 were screened for qnr by PCR. A single E. coli isolate that carried a ca. 180-kb conjugative plasmid encoding a qnr determinant was identified. It conferred low-level resistance to quinolones and was associated with a chromosomal mutation in subunit A of the topoisomerase II gene. The qnr gene was located on a sul1-type class 1 integron just downstream of a conserved region (CR) element (CR1) comprising the Orf513 recombinase. Promoter sequences for qnr expression overlapped the extremity of CR1, indicating the role of CR1 in the expression of antibiotic resistance genes. This integron was different from other qnr-positive sul1-type integrons identified in American and Chinese enterobacterial isolates. In addition, plasmid pQR1 carried another class 1 integron that was identical to In53 from E. coli. The latter integron possessed a series of gene cassettes, including those coding for the extended-spectrum β-lactamase VEB-1, the rifampin ADP ribosyltransferase ARR-2, and several aminoglycoside resistance markers. This is the first report of plasmid-mediated quinolone resistance in Europe associated with an unknown level of plasmid-mediated multidrug resistance in Enterobacteriaceae.
Internal RNA Replication Elements are Prevalent in Tombusviridae

Internal replication elements (IREs) are RNA structures that are present at internal positions in the genomes of different types of plus-strand RNA viruses. Members of the genus Tombusvirus (family Tombusviridae) contain an IRE within the polymerase coding region of their genomes and this RNA element participates in both genome targeting to sites of replication and replicase complex assembly. Here we propose that other members of the virus family Tombusviridae also possess comparable IREs. Through sequence and structural analyses, candidate IREs in several genera of this family were identified, including aureusviruses, necroviruses, carmoviruses, and pelarspoviruses. The results from subsequent mutational analysis of selected proposed IREs were consistent with a critical role for these structures in viral genome accumulation during infections. Our study supports the existence of IREs in several genera in Tombusviridae and points to previously unappreciated similarities in genome replication strategies between members of this virus family.
Amblyomma americanum tick saliva serine protease inhibitor 6 is a cross‐class inhibitor of serine proteases and papain‐like cysteine proteases that delays plasma clotting and inhibits platelet aggregation

We previously demonstrated that Amblyomma americanum tick serine protease inhibitor 6 (AamS6) was secreted into the host during tick feeding and that both its mRNA and protein were ubiquitously and highly expressed during the first 3 days of tick feeding. This study demonstrates that AamS6 is a cross‐class inhibitor of both serine‐ and papain‐like cysteine proteases that has apparent antihaemostatic functions. Consistent with the typical inhibitory serpin characteristics, enzyme kinetics analyses revealed that Pichia pastoris‐expressed recombinant (r) AamS6 reduced initial velocities of substrate hydrolysis (V0) and/or maximum enzyme velocity (Vmax) of trypsin, chymotrypsin, elastase, chymase, and papain in a dose–response manner. We speculate that rAamS6 inhibited plasmin in a temporary fashion in that while rAamS6 reduced V0 of plasmin by up to ∼53%, it had no effect on Vmax. Our data also suggest that rAmS6 has minimal or no apparent effect on V0 or Vmax of thrombin, factor Xa, and kallikrein. We speculate that AamS6 is apparently involved in facilitating blood meal feeding in that various amounts of rAamS6 reduced platelet aggregation by up to ∼47% and delayed plasma clotting time in the recalcification time assay by up to ∼210 s. AamS6 is most likely not involved with the tick's evasion of the host's complement defense mechanism, in that rAamS6 did not interfere with the complement activation pathway. Findings in this study are discussed in the context of expanding our understanding of tick proteins that control bloodmeal feeding and hence tick‐borne disease transmission by ticks.
Serum irisin concentration in women with gestational diabetes

Abstract Irisin is a novel myokine and adipokine which induces an increase in total body energy expenditure, improving insulin sensitivity and glucose tolerance in experimental animals. In the present study, serum irisin concentration was measured by an enzyme immunoassay in 130 women with gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) and 140 BMI-matched patients with normal glucose tolerance (NGT). Median irisin level was significantly lower in the patients with GDM than in the NGT subjects (1703.3 [1354.8–2097.9 ng/ml] versus 1873.8 [1519.8–2294.8 ng/ml], p = 0.01); however, 3 months after childbirth its concentrations did not differ markedly between the two groups (1165.9 [872.1–1497.5] ng/ml versus 1139.0 [984.0–1376.7] ng/ml). In the whole group, irisin concentration correlated negatively with 2 h glucose level (R = −0.14, p = 0.03). In the women with NGT, irisin concentration correlated positively with ISOGTT (R = 0.22, p = 0.04) and the disposition index (DI120) (R = 0.24, p = 0.03), as well as negatively with 2 h insulin level (R = −0.23, p = 0.03) and HOMA-IR (R = −0.24, p = 0.02). Multiple regression analysis revealed that 2 h glucose and DI120 were the only variables significantly influencing serum irisin (β = 0.158, p = 0.03 and β = 0.159, p = 0.02, respectively). Our results suggest that serum irisin concentration increases markedly in pregnant women, but this increase seems to be significantly lower in patients with GDM. Chinese abstract 鸢尾素是一种新发现的肌细胞因子和脂肪因子，在动物实验中，可以提高全身能量消耗，提高胰岛素敏感性和糖耐量。 本研究通过酶免测定法测定了130名妊娠糖尿病(GDM)妇女和140名BMI值相匹配的糖耐量正常(NGT)妇女血清鸢尾素浓度。 GDM患者中位血清鸢尾素浓度较NGT妇女明显降低(1703.3 [1354.8–2097.9 ng/ml] 比1873.8 [1519.8–2294.8 ng/ml], p=0.01)；而在分娩三个月后两组妇女血清鸢尾素浓度并无明显差异(1165.9 [872.1–1497.5] ng/ml 比 1139.0 [984.0–1376.7]ng/ml)。 所有受试对象的血清鸢尾素浓度均与餐后2h 血糖呈负相关(R=－0.14, p=0.03)。 NGT妇女血清鸢尾素浓度与处置指数（DI120）(R=0.24, p=0.03)和ISOGTT(R=0.22, p=0.04)正相关，与2h胰岛素水平(R=－0.23, p=0.03)和HOMA-IR (R=﹣0.24, p=0.02)负相关。 多元回归分析显示只有餐后2h血糖与DI120是显著影响血清鸢尾素浓度的变量(分别为β=0.158, p=0.03 和β=0.159, p=0.02)。 研究结果显示妊娠妇女血清鸢尾素浓度明显增高，而在GDM妇女这种升高值则明显降低。
Slithering towards autonomy: a self-contained soft robotic snake platform with integrated curvature sensing

Soft robotic snakes promise significant advantages in achieving traveling curvature waves with a reduced number of active segments as well as allowing for safe and adaptive interaction with the environment and human users. However, current soft robot platforms suffer from a lack of accurate theoretical dynamic models and proprioceptive measurements, which impede advancements toward full autonomy. To address this gap, this paper details our recent results on the design, fabrication, and experimental evaluation of a new-generation pressure-operated soft robotic snake platform we call the WPI SRS, which employs custom magnetic sensors embedded in a flexible backbone to continuously monitor the curvature of each of its four bidirectional bending segments. In addition, we present a complete and accurate dynamic undulatory locomotion model that accounts for the propagation of frictional moments to describe linear and rotational motions of the SRS. Experimental studies indicate that on-board sensory measurements provide accurate real-time curvature feedback, and numerical simulations offer a level of abstraction for lateral undulation under ideal conditions.
Design and implementation of an all-CMOS 802.11a wireless LAN chipset

The tremendous growth in wireless LANs has generated interest in technologies that provide higher data rates and greater system capacities. The IEEE 802.11a standard, based on coded OFDM modulation, provides nearly five times the data rate and at least 20 times the overall system capacity compared to the incumbent 802.11b wireless LAN systems. This article describes the design challenges and circuit implementation of a two-chip set that forms a complete 802.11a solution in 0.25 μm CMOS technology. Wherever possible, sophisticated digital signal processing techniques are used to compensate for possible analog impairments associated with integrating RF circuitry in a CMOS technology. The analog portion of the chip set implements a 5 GHz transceiver comprising all the necessary RF and analog circuits of the 802.11a standard integrated on a single chip. Some features of this IC include 22 dBm peak transmitted power, 8 dB overall receive-chain noise figure, and -112 dBc/Hz synthesizer phase noise at 1 MHz frequency offset. The digital portion of the chip set, the baseband and MAC processor, contains dual ADCs/DACs and all the digital circuits for synchronization, detection, and 802.11 MAC layer data processing. This IC delivers up to 54 Mb/s in a 20 MHz channel according to the 802.11a standard, and includes proprietary modes supporting up to 108 Mb/s in a 40 MHz channel.
Localized adherence and attaching-effacing properties of nonenteropathogenic serotypes of Escherichia coli

Traditional enteropathogenic Escherichia coli serotypes demonstrate a plasmid-mediated localized adherence in cultured HeLa or HEp-2 cells and induce an attaching-effacing intestinal lesion, both of which are considered pathognomonic and causes of diarrhea. This study describes three E. coli strains from infantile diarrhea which share these properties but belong to serotypes (O2:H2, O2:H25 and O15:H2) not considered enteropathogenic.
ELABORACIÓN Y ANÁLISIS DE UNA ESCALA DE SUGESTIONABILIDAD

Nowdays hypnosis is becoming a technology increasingly used in several areas of basic and applied psychology. However, it is not clear what is the psychological variable that causes the differences observed between subjects with respect to the ability to be hypnoptized. The main goal of this paper is to construct a rigorous questionnaire in order to assess the susceptibility of people to hypnosis. A sample of 102 participants were used (57 men and 45 women). The ten items questionnaire built has a high internal consistency, measured by means of the Coefficient Alpha (α = 0.97). The factor analysis of the items showed that susceptibility to hypnosis, as measured by this questionaire, has a unidimensional structure. Responses to the
Effect of price information on residential water demand

Microeconomic theory predicts that people decrease consumption when price increases, the magnitude of the effect depending on price elasticity. The law of demand, however, implicitly assumes that consumers know prices, an assumption that is not always satisfied in markets with ex post billing. When prices are not transparent, elasticity estimates are potentially lower than their full information potential. Evidence of low price elasticity abounds in residential water demand studies, limiting the effectiveness and desirability of using price signals as a conservation tool. It is hypothesized that resident's sluggish response to price is partly due to the absence of price information on water bills. Differences in the informational content of bills are documented for the first time on the basis of sample bills collected from 383 utilities across the USA. A standard aggregate water demand model is augmented with qualitative variables describing differences in billing information, allowing such variables to affect the intensity with which consumers respond to price signals. No evidence is found that non-price information items affect price elasticity but there is a statistically significant effect in the case of price-related information; in our sample, price elasticity increases by 30% or more when price information is given on the bill.
Partial Contribution of Tumor Necrosis Factor-Related Apoptosis-Inducing Ligand (TRAIL)/TRAIL Receptor Pathway to Antitumor Effects of Interferon-α/5-Fluorouracil against Hepatocellular Carcinoma

Purpose: Our purpose was to explore the contribution of tumor necrosis factor-related apoptosis-inducing ligand (TRAIL)/TRAIL receptor pathway to antitumor effects of IFNα and 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) combination therapy for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Experimental Design: Susceptibility of HCC cell lines to TRAIL and/or 5-FU was examined by 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide assay. The effects of 5-FU, IFNα, or both on the expression of TRAIL receptors (R1, R2, R3, and R4) on HCC cells or TRAIL in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) were examined by flow cytometry. IFNα-induced cytotoxic effects of PBMC on HCC cell lines were examined by 51Cr release assay. TRAIL expression in peripheral blood mononuclear cells and liver tissue from patients was examined by real-time reverse transcription-PCR or immunohistochemistry. Results: HLE and HepG2 were sensitive to TRAIL, but HuH7, PLC/PRF/5, and HLF were resistant. 5-FU had synergistic effect on TRAIL in HLF and additive effect in four other HCC cell lines. TRAIL receptors on HCC cells were up-regulated by 5-FU, and IFNα induced TRAIL on CD4+ T cells, CD14+ monocytes, and CD56+ NK cells. Treatment of effector cells by IFNα and target HCC cells by 5-FU enhanced the cytotoxicity of CD14+ monocytes and CD56+ NK cells against HCC cells via a TRAIL-mediated pathway. TRAIL mRNA overexpression was noted in PBMC of HCC patients who clinically responded to IFNα/5-FU combination therapy, and TRAIL+ mononuclear cells were found in cancer tissue of a responder. Conclusion: Our results suggest that modulation of TRAIL/TRAIL receptor-mediated cytotoxic pathway might partially contribute to the anti-HCC effect of IFNα and 5-FU combination therapy.
ปัจจัยที่ใช้ในการตัดสิน“ความสุภาพ” ในการสนทนาของเพศชายและเพศหญิงในกลุ่มตัวอย่างระดับอุดมศึกษาของไทย The factors used for identifying “politeness” in male and female conversations among Thai undergraduate students

งานวจยนมวตถประสงคเพอวเคราะหปจจยทใชในการตดสนความสภาพในการสนทนาของเพศชายและเพศหญง และเพอสงเคราะหความหมายของ “ความสภาพ” ในการสนทนาของเพศชายและเพศหญงจากปจจยทใชในการตดสนความสภาพ ผลการวจยพบวาในการพจารณาวาบทสนทนาของเพศชายสภาพหรอไมนน ขนกบปจจยเรองปรบทการใชภาษา ไดแก เรองทสนทนา การใชภาษาไดเหมาะสมกบความสนทสนมคนเคยระหวาง ผพด ผฟง และสถานทในการสนทนา สวนในเพศหญงพบวาปจจยเรองรปภาษาถอเปนปจจยหลกในการตดสนความสภาพ ผลการวเคราะหขอมลทงหมดสรปไดวา ความสภาพในการสนทนาของเพศชายหมายถง การใชภาษาไดเหมาะสมกบปรบทของการใชภาษา สวนความสภาพในการสนทนาของเพศหญงหมายถง การใชรปภาษาทสภาพ การใชคำลงทาย และไมใชคำหยาบ
Loop Equations and Virasoro Constraints in Non-perturbative 2-D Quantum Gravity

We give a derivation of the loop equation for two-dimensional gravity from the KdV equations and the string equation of the one matrix model. We find that the loop equation is equivalent to an infinite set of linear constraints on the square root of the partition function satisfying the Virasoro algebra. We give an interpretation of these equations in topological gravity and discuss their extension to multi-matrix models. For the multi-critical models the loop equation naturally singles out the operators corresponding to the primary fields of the minimal models. ∗(rhd@pupthy.princeton.edu) †(hlv@pupthy.princeton.edu) ‡(verlinde@iassns)