Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The Projection of the Retina in the Lateral Geniculate Body

The question of a localization of some degree in the lateral geniculate body in regard to the termination of fibres from different parts of the retina is no longer a matter of discussion. The Classical work of Henschen and Winkler in support of this conception has been amply substantiated by later investigators. In 1913 and 1914 Ronne published his remarkable observations on the atrophy in the lateral geniculate body which ensued in a series of cases of diabetic and alcoholic amblyopia, and established quite definitely that the central part of the nucleus is concerned with the reception of macular fibres, while the medial and lateral sections are related to peripheral vision. Ten years later, these observations were put to an experimental test on several species of mammals by Brouwer (1923), Brouwer and Zeeman (1925, 1926), and Overbosch (1927) and were confirmed and extended.
Floquet–Green function formalism for harmonically driven Hamiltonians

A method is proposed for the calculation of the Floquet–Green function of a general Hamiltonian with harmonic time dependence. We use matrix continued fractions to derive an expression for the ‘dynamical effective potential' that can be used to calculate the Floquet–Green function of the system. We demonstrate the formalism for the simple case of a space-periodic (in the tight-binding approximation) Hamiltonian with a defect whose on-site energy changes harmonically with time. We study the local density of states for this system and the behaviour of the localized states as a function of the different parameters that characterize the system.
Angular dependence of the tunnel magnetoresistance in transition-metal-based junctions

We have investigated the angular behavior of the tunnel magnetoresistance (TMR) in transition-metal-based junctions using the low-field susceptibility of the crossed magnetic configuration. The noncollinear arrangement, stabilized by combining step anisotropy and interfacial exchange-bias coupling, is shown to be of a particular interest for an accurate analysis of the angular dependence of the TMR. We show that the intrinsic tunnel processes are reflected on a linear behavior of the conductivity giving a more complex form for the resistance, as expected by the model of Slonczewski. The more intuitive ``high-field'' saturating regime deviates the hard layer from its nominal pinning direction and consequently is shown to be less adapted for the experimental study of the intrinsic angular response of the TMR.
Modeling and design particularities for distributed feedback lasers with laterally-coupled ridge-waveguide surface gratings

Unlike the conventional buried-grating distributed feedback lasers, those using surface gratings can be fabricated in a single growth and processing sweep. With the surface gratings resulting from lateral corrugations of the ridge-waveguide the epitaxial overgrowth is avoided, which simplifies the device fabrication and reduces the device cost. However, the laterally-coupled distributed feedback lasers have multiple particularities arising from the distinct grating interaction with the optical field. These particularities, especially the effects of grating geometry, including the limitations imposed by the fabrication technology, are analyzed in the paper.
Martingale and duality methods for utility maximization in a incomplete market

The problem of maximizing the expected utility from terminal wealth is well understood in the context of a complete financial market. This paper studies the same problem in an incomplete market containing a bond and a finite number of stocks whose prices are driven by a multidimensional Brownian motion process W. The coefficients of the bond and stock processes are adapted to the filtration (history) of W, and incompleteness arises when the number of stocks is strictly smaller than the dimension of W. It is shown that there is a way to complete the market by introducing additional “fictitious” stocks so that the optimal portfolio for the thus completed market coincides with the optimal portfolio for the original incomplete market. The notion of a “least favorable” completion is introduced and is shown to be closely related to the existence question for an optimal portfolio in the incomplete market. This notion is expounded upon using martingale techniques; several equivalent characterizations are provided.
Description of the time interval correlation function and its application to lifetime determination

A Poisson point process (PPP) presents a series of characteristics which may be used to define functions with an optimal signal-to-noise ratio. This work describes a statistical function, obtained by measuring time intervals in a PPP, which contains the same information about the signal to be analysed as the autocorrelation function. The advantage of this function is that it can be applied to cases of low light level in which the autocorrelation function gives a low SNR. As a particular case of low light level signals, the authors have used this method in a real experiment of single photon decay spectroscopy and measured the lifetime of the 4T1 state of Mn2+ in an undoped TMMC crystal at room temperature.
Numerical simulations of the alternating current loss in round high-temperature superconducting wire with a hole defect

This paper presents a finite element model to solve the electromagnetic behavior and the AC loss in round high-temperature superconducting wire with a hole defect both in external field condition and self-field condition. The hole defect is assumed to be infinitely long along the wire. The model is based on the H formulation and the highly nonlinear E−J characteristic. The simulation results for the round superconducting wire with a hole defect and the one without defect are compared. It is found that the existence of the hole defect causes small reduction for the magnetization AC loss and large enhancement for the transport AC loss. The influences of the position and shape of the hole on the AC loss are also investigated. We find that the AC loss in external field condition decreases when the hole defect moves towards the edge of the superconducting wire from its center. However, the feature is opposite in self-field condition. Meanwhile, the influence of the shape of the hole on the AC loss is not stron.
A Particle-Surface-Area-Based Parameterization of Immersion Freezing on Desert Dust Particles

AbstractIn climate and weather models, the quantitative description of aerosol and cloud processes relies on simplified assumptions. This contributes major uncertainties to the prediction of global and regional climate change. Therefore, models need good parameterizations for heterogeneous ice nucleation by atmospheric aerosols. Here the authors present a new parameterization of immersion freezing on desert dust particles derived from a large number of experiments carried out at the Aerosol Interaction and Dynamics in the Atmosphere (AIDA) cloud chamber facility. The parameterization is valid in the temperature range between −12° and −36°C at or above water saturation and can be used in atmospheric models that include information about the dust surface area. The new parameterization was applied to calculate distribution maps of ice nuclei during a Saharan dust event based on model results from the regional-scale model Consortium for Small-Scale Modelling–Aerosols and Reactive Trace Gases (COSMO-ART). The .
Feature Selection for Fault Detection in Rolling Element Bearings Using Mutual Information

Rolling element bearings are among the key components in many rotating machineries. It is hence necessary to determine the condition of the bearing with a reasonable degree of confidence. Many techniques have been developed for bearing fault detection. Each of these techniques has its own strengths and weaknesses. In this paper, various features are compared for detecting inner and outer race defects in rolling element bearings. Mutual information between the feature and the defect is used as a quantitative measure of quality. Various time, frequency, and time-frequency domain features are compared and ranked according to their cumulative mutual information content, and an optimal feature set is determined for bearing classification. The performance of this optimal feature set is evaluated using an artificial neural network with one hidden layer. An overall classification accuracy of 97% was obtained over a range of rotating speeds.
Bipartite entanglement measure based on covariance

We propose an entanglement measure for two quNits based on the covariances of a set of generators of the su(N) algebra. In particular, we represent this measure in terms of the mutually unbiased projectors for N prime. For pure states this measure quantifies entanglement, we obtain an explicit expression which relates it to the concurrence hierarchy, specifically the I-concurrence and the three-concurrence. For mixed states we propose a separability criterion.
FOR DIGITAL RECONSTRUCTION OF THE POLYCRYSTALLINE STRUCTURE OF POLYGRAPHIC POLYMERS

Introduction At present, methods and means of Mueller-matrix polarimetric (MMP) diagnostics of the structure of polymer films are being actively developed in optics. It includes a number of original directions: the study of scattering matrices [1–5] and Mueller-matrix polarimetry [6–10]. The further development and generalization of the methods of MMP 3D polycrystalline structure of films with different multiplicity of light scattering, or different depolarizing ability is urgent. Our work is aimed at developing a Mueller-matrix mapping method for reconstructing the distributions of the optical anisotropy parameters of partially depolarizing films of various polymers. Methods It is based on the use of a reference wave of laser radiation, which in the scheme of an optical interferometer is superimposed on a polarization-inhomogeneous image of a polymer film. The resulting interference pattern is recorded using a digital camera. Using diffraction integrals, the digital holographic reproduction of the distributions of the complex amplitudes {Ex(x, y); Ey(x, y)} of the object field of the polymer film is performed. The technique of polarizationcorrelation determination of the distributions of the polarization ellipticity consists in the following set of actions: 1. Formation of planar polarization states in ‘irradiating’ and ‘reference’ laser beams. UDC 681.7:535.5 DOI: 10.20535/2077-7264.2(76). 2022.265683
The Racing Car Problem

The racing car problem can be stated as follows: A spectator at a race track is observing a car race in which the cars are numbered consecutively from one to some unknown number N. He wishes to estimate the number of cars on the race track after observing that M cars numbered Xi, X2, . , XM have passed. Each car is equally likely to hold a given position in the race at any given time. In this paper, we will find the minimum variance unbiased estimate and the maximum likelihood estimate of N. We will also compare these two estimates on the basis of relative efficiency. I like to give this problem in an introductory mathematical statistics course at the level of Mood and Graybill [1], because it illustrates all the points of the theory of minimum variance unbiased estimation without becoming too mathematically intractable.
Sellmeier and thermo-optic dispersion formulas for β-BaB2O4 (revisited)

This paper reports the high-accuracy Sellmeier and thermo-optic dispersion formulas for β-BaB2O4 (β-BBO) that provide the excellent reproduction of our data for second-harmonic generation (SHG) and sum-frequency generation (SFG) down to 0.2048 and 0. 1925μm as well as the optical parametric oscillator (OPO) tuning points up to 3. 2μm, and the temperature-dependent phase-matching angles for SHG and SFG that we have measured in the 0.193-0. 6420μm range as well as the recent data for SFG at 0.1934μm.
The lattice dynamics of calcium oxide

Dispersion relations of phonons propagating along three symmetry directions in calcium oxide have been measured by the triple axis neutron spectrometer method. The experimental results have been interpreted in terms of a shell model showing that the electronic polarizability of both ions must be taken into consideration. The parameters of the most satisfactory model obtained by least squares fitting to neutron, elastic and dielectric data have been used to calculate the frequency distribution at room temperature. The results of the analysis are compared with those of similar analyses of the related crystal, magnesium oxide.
A new multi-stage sub-pixel precision SAR image registration algorithm

This paper presents a methodology for the registration of the synthetic aperture radar (SAR) pair images with a multistage sub-pixel precision performed in the Fourier domain which is used the fast Fourier transform (FFT) and region features. First of all, the registration based on FFT is used for the rough registration of SAR images, and then region features are extracted and their geometric features are accurately described, and at the same time the local areas which are extracted by the region features are interpolated by bilinear interpolation and sub-pixel matrix is obtained, so the automatic images registration are ultimately realized. Experimental results show that the proposed technique allows the co-registration of the SAR images with the accuracy up to one fifth of a pixel and this approach is efficient. (5 pages)
Comprehensive understanding of the effect of electric dipole at high-k/SiO2 interface on the flatband voltage shift in metal-oxide-semiconductor device

Electrical characteristics of HfO2/SiO2 interface are comprehensively studied to clarify the intrinsic origin of flatband voltage (VFB) shift in metal-oxide-semiconductor (MOS) device with high-k/metal gate structure. A methodology for quantitative extraction of the interface dipole and chargers at high-k/SiO2 interface is proposed. The dipole and charges at HfO2/SiO2 interface are extracted to be about −0.38 V and −1.15×1013 cm−2, respectively. This result shows that the high density of negative charges at HfO2/SiO2 interface rather than the interface dipole are the dominant cause of the positive VFB shift in the MOS device with HfO2/SiO2 stack.
Computation of Passive Finite Three Dimensional Mmic Structures Using a Global Method of Moments Approach

—In the present work a general approach to compute three-dimensional Monolithic Microwave Integrated Circuit (MMIC) structures is presented. The MMIC is taken to be of arbitrary geometry, described by orthogonal parallelepiped brick shape "cells", each characterized by finite permittivity and conductivity values. The analysis is based on a full wave approach using integral equation techniques and Method of Moments, while a Galerkin technique is implemented to compute the electromagnetic fields of the structure. Then, transformation of the integral equation system into a linear one takes place, while a Green function is used to take into account the boundary conditions as well. The unknown electric field inside the cells is expanded in terms of plane waves' superposition using entire domain basic functions. The incident, reflected and transferred waves in the circuit's input and output microstrip transmission lines are described in terms of current distribution. The calculation of the unknown coefficients of the electric fields, including reflection and transfer coefficients, is accomplished by the inversion of the derived matrix. Several numerical results have been computed with various values of the circuit parameters, in simple geometries that represent different longitudinal discontinuity cases. High performance, parallel processing techniques are being utilized to reduce the corresponding computational times as much as possible.
Nonlinear Vibrations of Functionally Graded Cylindrical Shells: Effect of the Geometry

In this paper, the effect of the geometry on the nonlinear vibrations of functionally graded (FGM) cylindrical shells is analyzed. The Sanders-Koiter theory is applied to model the nonlinear dynamics of the system in the case of finite amplitude of vibration. The shell deformation is described in terms of longitudinal, circumferential and radial displacement fields. Simply supported boundary conditions are considered. The displacement fields are expanded by means of a double mixed series based on harmonic functions for the circumferential variable and Chebyshev polynomials for the longitudinal variable. In the linear analysis, after spatial discretization, mass and stiff matrices are computed, natural frequencies and mode shapes of the shell are obtained. In the nonlinear analysis, the three displacement fields are re-expanded by using approximate eigenfunctions obtained by the linear analysis; specific modes are selected. The Lagrange equations reduce nonlinear partial differential equations to a set of ordinary differential equations. Numerical analyses are carried out in order to characterize the nonlinear response of the shell. A convergence analysis is carried out to determine the correct number of the modes to be used. The analysis is focused on determining the nonlinear character of the response as the geometry of the shell varies.Copyright © 2012 by ASME
Determination of local tokamak parameters by magnetohydrodynamic spectroscopy

The influence of local equilibrium parameters on the Alfven spectrum is studied. The aim is to solve the inverse problem: identification of the plasma profiles, and especially the safety factor profile, using measurements of magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) waves. A study case is presented to determine what the possible uses of MHD spectroscopy are. The dependence of the TAE (Toroidicity induced Alfven Eigenmode) frequency on the safety factor at the edge is shown. The possible use of Alfven continuum modes near the edge is investigated. A very accurate determination of the safety factor on axis will be presented for plasmas where core-localized TAE's are present. It will be shown how measurements of mode structures can provide information on plasma parameters at particular points in the plasma. The numerical findings will be compared to experimental results from the Joint European Torus (JET) [P. ii. Rebut and the JET Team, Plasma Physics and Controlled Nuclear Fusion Research 1984 (International Atomic Energy Agency,Vienna, 1985), Vol. 1, p. 11] active Alfven wave diagnostic.
Tables and diagrams for dissecting a frequency curve into components by the half-invariant method

1. Introduction. In the preceding paper 1 Carl Burrau has pointed out that the half-invariants introduced by T. N. Thiele are particularly suited for solving the problem of dissecting a given frequency curve into components. Burrau loc. cit. p. 3 gives the relations between the five first half-invariants and the constants of the component typical error laws. The problem with which we shall be concerned in the present paper is to find a convenient way of solving Burrau's equations for the unknown constants. A procedure for solving the equations is worked out in sections 2, 3, 4 and 5. The formulae necessary for practical applications are collected in section 6. In section 7 a few examples are given to illustrate the method. The possibilities of application and the limitation of the moment and half-invariant methods are discussed in section 8. Section 9 contains a number of diagrams and tables referred to in the text.
About Propagation Modes In Nonlinear Dielectric Waveguides

A numerical study of the propagation in Kerr nonlinear prism and grating couplers is presented based on singularity expansions for the field coefficients. The numerical results show that the change of location of pole and zeros in the complex plane explain the bistable behaviour of the prism-coupler and that an analytic description of the hysteresis loops can be obtained. It is also found that the grating coupler is a more complex case but that the relative position of pole and zeros does not change when the guide index is changed, allowing to define a scalar dynamic detuning parameter.
New energy levels, calculated lifetimes and transition probabilities in Xe IX

Twenty-one new experimental energy levels belonging to the 4d96p, 4d94f and 4d95f configurations of Xe IX are presented. They have been deduced from 75 newly classified lines involving the configurations 4d95p, 4d96p, 4d94f, 4d95f and 4d95d, 4d95s, 4d96s for the odd and even parities, respectively. The radiative lifetimes of these levels as well as the weighted oscillator strengths and transition probabilities for all the observed spectral lines have been calculated with optimized parameters deduced from a least-squares fitting procedure applied in the framework of a relativistic Hartree–Fock method including core-polarization effects. The scale of transition probabilities has also been assessed through comparisons with lifetimes calculated using a relativistic multiconfigurational Dirac–Fock approach.
The changes in the form of the crystalline lens in accommodation

The two most important existing theories of the mechanism of the accommodation of the eye are directly opposed in that they assign differently the effect of the ciliary muscle in the production of the change in the form of the crystalline lens. The theory of Helmholtz, which is the more universally accepted, states that the lens swells and increases in convexity during accommodation because the tension upon it is relaxed when the ciliary muscle contracts. In order to explain the change of the anterior surface of the lens to a hyperbolic form in accommodation, Tscherning has propounded a theory according to which the tension of the lens is maintained when the muscle contracts, and the forms of the surfaces are altered by pressure exerted by the vitreous humour upon the periphery of the posterior lens surface. This paper describes the measurement of the radii of curvature of both anterior and posterior surfaces of the lens, and also the movement which the apices of these surfaces make in accommodation. In two selected cases of men of the same age and having the same refractive error, considerable differences in the behaviour of the lens in accommodation were found. The results show that for a given amount of accommodation, whereas the lens surfaces in one case are more increased in curvature than in the other, their apices suffer less movement. It was also found that the surface which was most altered in curvature showed the most pronounced hyperbolic form in both relaxed and accommodated conditions. The elastic property of the lens capsule and its variations in thickness are described. The changes in the form of the lens surfaces and the differences which occur in the lenses of different individuals in accommodation are explained upon the assumption of the Helmholtz theory, by taking into account the properties of the lens capsule.
Spectrophotometry of the quasars in the CTIO 4 meter survey

Spectroscopic observations with the SIT vidicon on the 4 m telescope are now complete for all 71 independently discovered candidates in the Hoag-Smith (HS) sample, and show that 66 are confirmed quasars. An atlas illustrating the spectra of all quasars with previously unpublished observations is presented. The redshifts, magnitudes, and strengths of the principal emission lines are tabulated for all the quasars. These data, together with recent results for the Curtis Schmidt sample, make possible an extensive evaluation of the slitless spectroscopy technique.