Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Noodles processing, quality and nutritional aspects: A review-based study

Snacks are one of the most popular products not only in India but also all over the world because of convenience, variety, quality and because easy to carry from one place to another. Noodles are mainly cereal based, that lack some essential amino acids example tryptophan, threonine and lysine. Quality parameters that are important for noodles are color, flavor, texture, cooking quality, rehydration rates during final preparation and the presence or absence of rancid taste after extending the storage period. The wheat flour used to make noodles is substituted with potato flour, soy flour, see weed flour, apple pomace, carrot puree, pearl millet flour, mushroom powder. Gums/Hydrocolloids are widely used in starch-based noodles because it has ability to improve stability, to modify texture and facilitating processing the noodles. Xanthan gum, Guar Gum and Arabic gum which are heteropolysaccharides that are water soluble with high molecular weights, are often used together with starches to provide the desired texture, control moisture, water mobility and overall quality of the product . Wheat flour fortification is a practice that is done to reduce the risk of anemia that is caused by deficiencies of the nutrition and the neural tube defects that is caused by insufficient folic acid. The effects of polyphenols that are health promoting as catechins exert positive impact on plasma antioxidant biomarkers and quercetin that influence the carcinogenesis markers were widely studied. Noodles in particular are important basic food, which is widely consumed not only in India but also across the world and is among one of the food to be authorized by food and drug administration as a good vehicle for incorporation of bioactive compounds in the product.
Mitochondrial sequence divergence among Antarctic killer whale ecotypes is consistent with multiple species

Recently, three visually distinct forms of killer whales (Orcinus orca) were described from Antarctic waters and designated as types A, B and C. Based on consistent differences in prey selection and habitat preferences, morphological divergence and apparent lack of interbreeding among these broadly sympatric forms, it was suggested that they may represent separate species. To evaluate this hypothesis, we compared complete sequences of the mitochondrial control region from 81 Antarctic killer whale samples, including 9 type A, 18 type B, 47 type C and 7 type-undetermined individuals. We found three fixed differences that separated type A from B and C, and a single fixed difference that separated type C from A and B. These results are consistent with reproductive isolation among the different forms, although caution is needed in drawing further conclusions. Despite dramatic differences in morphology and ecology, the relatively low levels of sequence divergence in Antarctic killer whales indicate that these evolutionary changes occurred relatively rapidly and recently.
University of Birmingham Informing antimicrobial stewardship with explainable AI

The accuracy and flexibility of artificial intelligence (AI) systems often comes at the cost of a decreased ability to offer an intuitive explanation of their predictions. This hinders trust and discourage adoption of AI in healthcare, exacerbated by concerns over liabilities and risks to patients’ health in case of misdiagnosis. Providing an explanation for a model’s prediction is possible due to recent advances in the field of interpretable machine learning. We considered a data set of hospital admissions linked to records of antibiotic prescriptions and sus-ceptibilities of bacterial isolates. An appropriately trained gradient boosted decision tree algorithm, supplemented by a Shapley explanation model, predicts the likely antimicrobial drug resistance, with the odds of resistance informed by characteristics of the patient, admission data, and historical drug treatments and culture test results. Applying this AI-based system, we found that it substantially reduces the risk of mismatched treatment compared with the observed prescriptions. The Shapley values provide an intuitive association between observations/data and outcomes; the associations identified are broadly consistent with expectations based on prior knowledge from health specialists. The results, and the ability to attribute confidence and explanations, support the wider adoption of AI in
Expression of Membrane Proteins in Escherichia coli as Fusions to the Phage phi6 Major Envelope Protein

A large portion of an organism’s proteome comprises membrane proteins; these proteins are physiologically important and are often major drug targets. Despite eliciting substantial academic interest and having great economic importance, current understanding of the structures and functions of membrane proteins lags behind that of soluble proteins. One of the major reasons for this delay is the difficulty associated with producing membrane proteins in large quantities. In fact, bacterial expression of membrane proteins remains a major challenge in recombinant DNA technology. Here, we report the use of the major envelope protein (P9) of bacteriophage phi6 as a fusion partner for successful expression of bacterial membrane proteins in Escherichia coli . Of the ten membrane proteins included in the study, eight were produced in an intact form in large quantities. One protein degraded and one was not expressed at all. All of the proteins examined in this study contained more than eight trans membrane segments. Future work will focus on the purification of these overproduced proteins and verification of their biological functions.
Water Quality Deterioration and its Socio-economic Implications

From ancient times, people have chosen to live close to water sources, settling in river valleys. Improved water supply and water resources management boosts countries’ economic growth and contributes greatly to poverty eradication. An adequate supply of safe drinking water is one of the major prerequisites for a healthy life but, because of surface water pollution, waterborne disease became, and still is, a major cause of death in many parts of the world, particularly in children. Rapid urbanisation has exacerbated surface water pollution by increasing point pollution and non-point source pollution entering surface waterbodies. Physico-chemical and microbiological properties of water are used to assess water quality as they give a good impression of the status, productivity and sustainability of waterbodies. Water pollution control has been a matter of public concern for more than a century. Currently, human beings and natural ecosystems in many river basins suffer from debilitating effects of water pollution. Hence, development of better water conservation practices and policies are critical to the sustenance of our water both in terms of quantity and quality to ensure protection of public health.
Themed Section: Opioids: New Pathways to Functional Selectivity

Sainte-Justine Hospital Research Center, Montreal, QC, Canada, Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Montreal, Montreal, QC, Canada, Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada, and Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Montreal, Montreal, QC, Canada Correspondence Graciela Pineyro, Centre de Recherche du CHU Ste-Justine, 3175, Cote Ste-Catherine, Bureau 2722, Montréal, QC H3T 1C5, Canada. E-mail: graciela.pineyro. filpo@umontreal.ca
Mechanical Systems and

Exact dynamic stiffness (DS) formulations for free vibration of membranes and their assemblies in polar coordinates are presented in this paper. First, the exact general solutions of the governing differential equations of membranes in polar coordinates are derived, in the form of Bessel functions. Then, by substituting the general solutions into the displacement and force boundary conditions (BCs), the frequency-dependent elemental DS matrices of various shaped membranes are developed. Finally, assembling the elemental stiffness matrices and applying BCs leads to the final DS matrix. By utilizing the Wittrick–Williams (W–W) algorithm, the natural frequencies and mode shapes are computed. The difficult problem in applying the W–W algorithm, the so called 𝑗 0 count, is resolved by determining the zeros of Bessel equation and applying an indirect method. The proposed method is applied to representative examples of individual membranes and their assemblies under arbitrary BCs. The efficiency and accuracy of the dynamic stiffness method (DSM) are demonstrated by comparing results by the DSM with those by the finite element method (FEM). The proposed method can serve as an exact but efficient tool for modal analysis of membranes in structural dynamics as well as fluid–structure interaction problems.
Designing Long-Term Interaction for Robot-Assisted Recovery after Critical Injury

Social robots have demonstrated their potential to undertake aspects of a therapist’s role, while showing a positive effect on user engagement. To deliver impact in the real world, these robots must have the capability to effect long-term decision making through continued personalization to 1) the patient’s progressive exercise performance ability, and 2) their social behavior preferences. We undertook a series of collaborative workshops with domain experts to inform a rich knowledge representation for long-term upper limb recovery. We introduce a planned Hierarchical Reinforcement Learning (HRL) approach to exploit the natural hierarchical structure found in our problem, and promote more sample efficient learning, a common challenge in current RL-based HRI personalization. Our end goal is to deploy this system in-situ, over long-term engagement with recovering patients.
Novel Methylation Biomarker Panel for the Early Detection of Pancreatic Cancer

Purpose: Pancreatic cancer is the fourth leading cause of cancer deaths and there currently is no reliable modality for the early detection of this disease. Here, we identify cancer-specific promoter DNA methylation of BNC1 and ADAMTS1 as a promising biomarker detection strategy meriting investigation in pancreatic cancer. Experimental Design: We used a genome-wide pharmacologic transcriptome approach to identify novel cancer-specific DNA methylation alterations in pancreatic cancer cell lines. Of eight promising genes, we focused our studies on BNC1 and ADAMTS1 for further downstream analysis, including methylation and expression. We used a nanoparticle-enabled methylation on beads (MOB) technology to detect early-stage pancreatic cancers by analyzing DNA methylation in patient serum. Results: We identified two novel genes, BNC1 (92%) and ADAMTS1 (68%), that showed a high frequency of methylation in pancreatic cancers (n = 143), up to 100% in PanIN-3 and 97% in stage I invasive cancers. Using the nanoparticle-enabled MOB technology, these alterations could be detected in serum samples (n = 42) from patients with pancreatic cancer, with a sensitivity for BNC1 of 79% [95% confidence interval (CI), 66%–91%] and for ADAMTS1 of 48% (95% CI, 33%–63%), whereas specificity was 89% for BNC1 (95% CI, 76%–100%) and 92% for ADAMTS1 (95% CI, 82%–100%). Overall sensitivity using both markers is 81% (95% CI, 69%–93%) and specificity is 85% (95% CI, 71%–99%). Conclusions: Promoter DNA methylation of BNC1 and ADAMTS1 is a potential biomarker to detect early-stage pancreatic cancers. Assaying the promoter methylation status of these genes in circulating DNA from serum is a promising strategy for early detection of pancreatic cancer and has the potential to improve mortality from this disease. Clin Cancer Res; 19(23); 6544–55. ©2013 AACR.
Antifungal and Plant Growth Promoting Properties of Endophytic Pseudomonas aeruginosa from Zingiber officinale

Zingiber officinale (ginger) is commercially cultivated in many parts of the world especially in India because of its use in culinary and medicinal purposes. One of the major disease that limit the yield of ginger is the rhizome rot disease caused by Pythium myriotylum . A feasible ecofriendly method is yet to be devised to prevent the plant from this threatening disease. Since there are reports on endophytic bacteria capable of enhancing plant growth both by growth promoting effects and disease resistance, such studies from ginger is very important. In the current study, an endophytically associated Pseudomonas aeruginosa with plant growth promoting properties and activity against Pythium myriotylum was isolated from ginger.
ACCUMULATION OF THE FOUR MYELIN BASIC PROTEINS IN MOUSE BRAIN DURING DEVELOPMENT 1

Myelin was isolated from the brains of mice 15, 20, 30, and 60 days after birth. The total amount of basic protein present in the isolated myelin was determined by radioimmunoassay. The 4 myelin basic proteins, with molecular weights of 21,500, 18,500, 17,000 and 14,000, were separated by sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and their relative amounts were determined densitometrically. The absolute amount of each of the basic proteins was calculated from its relative amount on the gel and from the total amount of myelin basic protein in the sample as determined by radioimmunoassay. The results show that between 10 and 30 days after birth each protein accumulates at a characteristic rate so that the molar ratios among the 4 basic proteins are (in descending order according to their molecular weights) 1:5:2:10 during this period. Between 30 and 60 days after birth the 14 K and 18.5 K proteins continue to accumulate at reduced rates while the 21.5 K and 17 K proteins begin to disappear from the myelin membrane; 60 days after birth the molar ratios among the 4 basic proteins are 1:10:3.5:35. These developmental patterns of accumulation are discussed in relation to the possible role of each of the 4 myelin basic proteins in myelination.
A Morphology-Aware Network for Morphological Disambiguation

Agglutinative languages such as Turkish, Finnish andHungarian require morphological disambiguation beforefurther processing due to the complex morphologyof words. A morphological disambiguator is usedto select the correct morphological analysis of a word.Morphological disambiguation is important because itgenerally is one of the first steps of natural languageprocessing and its performance affects subsequent analyses.In this paper, we propose a system that uses deeplearning techniques for morphological disambiguation.Many of the state-of-the-art results in computer vision,speech recognition and natural language processinghave been obtained through deep learning models.However, applying deep learning techniques to morphologicallyrich languages is not well studied. In this work,while we focus on Turkish morphological disambiguationwe also present results for French and German inorder to show that the proposed architecture achieveshigh accuracy with no language-specific feature engineeringor additional resource. In the experiments, weachieve 84.12 , 88.35 and 93.78 morphological disambiguationaccuracy among the ambiguous words forTurkish, German and French respectively.
The Calcium and Voltage Clocks in Sinoatrial Node Automaticity

Recent evidence indicates that the voltage (cyclic activation and deactivation of membrane ion channels) and Ca2+ clocks (rhythmic spontaneous sarcoplasmic reticulum Ca2+ release) jointly regulate sinoatrial node (SAN) automaticity. Since the intact SAN is a heterogeneous structure that includes multiple different cell types interacting with each other, the relative importance of the voltage and Ca2+ clocks for pacemaking may be variable in different regions of the SAN. Recently, we performed optical mapping in isolated and Langendorff-perfused canine right atria. We mapped the intracellular calcium (Cai) and membrane potentials of the intact SAN simultaneously. Using previously described criteria of the timing of the late diastolic Cai elevation (LDCAE) relative to the action potential upstroke to detect Ca2+ clock activity, we demonstrated that the sinus rate increased and the leading pacemaker shifted to the superior SAN with the robust LDCAE during β-adrenergic stimulation. We also showed that the LDCAE was caused by spontaneous diastolic SR Ca2+ release and was closely related with heart rate changes. We conclude that the Ca2+ and voltage clocks work synergistically to generate SAN automaticity.
Bioeconomy and SDGs: Does the Bioeconomy Support the Achievement of the SDGs?

This paper evaluates how bioeconomy activities, stated in the concepts of the European Union, Organisation for Economic Co‐operation and Development, and the German government, potentially affect the targets of the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). The aim of the bioeconomy is to substitute the use of fossil resources by renewable resources, while the SDGs set targets for a holistic sustainable global development. A literature‐based influence analysis on empirical studies is employed to derive three bioeconomy scenarios (business as usual, bioeconomy, and sustainable bioeconomy) and to quantify their effects on the individual SDG targets. It is shown that the bioeconomy scenario has positive as well as negative effects on the SDG targets. While targets for cleaner industrial production are strongly supported, socioeconomic targets are subject to mixed effects and environmental targets significantly hurt. This paper outlines which SDGs need special attention when implementing a bioeconomy according to the above‐mentioned concepts. The results add to the debate on SDG trade‐offs and on the substitutability of SDG targets. Without regulations, policies, and investments ensuring sustainability, or in case the substitutability of SDG targets is not allowed, the bioeconomy concepts have the potential to jeopardize the achievement of several SDGs. In contrast, the sustainable bioeconomy scenario assumes strong sustainability measures that reveal the extensive potential of the bioeconomy to support the achievement of the SDGs.
Effects of local biotic neighbors and habitat heterogeneity on seedling survival in a spruce‐fir valley forest, northeastern China

Abstract Seedlings are vulnerable to many biotic and abiotic agents, and studying seedling dynamics helps understand mechanisms of species coexistence. In this study, the relative importance of biotic neighbors and habitat heterogeneity to seedling survival was examined by generalized linear mixed models for 33 species in a spruce‐fir valley forest in northeastern China. The results showed that the relative importance of these factors varied with species and functional groups. Conspecific negative density dependence (CNDD) was important to the survival of Abies nephrolepis and Picea koraiensis seedling, whereas phylogenetic negative density dependence (PNDD) was critical to Pinus koraiensis and Betula platyphylla, as well as functional groups of tree, deciduous, and shade‐intolerant seedlings. For shrubs and Acer ukurunduense, habitat heterogeneity was significant. Despite of the significance of CNDD, PNDD, and habitat heterogeneity on seedling survival, large proportions of the total variance were not accounted for by the studied variables, suggesting the needs to examine the influences of other factors such as pests, diseases, herbivores, forest structure, species functional traits, and microclimatic conditions on seedling survival in the future.
P16(INK4a) correlates to human papillomavirus presence, response to radiotherapy and clinical outcome in tonsillar carcinoma.

BACKGROUND Human papillomavirus (HPV) in tonsillar carcinoma is correlated with favourable clinical outcome. Here, p16(INK4A), in situ HPV DNA hybridisation (ISH) and HPVL1 capsid detection were evaluated in tonsillar carcinoma to predict the response to radiotherapy (RT) and prognosis. MATERIALS AND METHODS Fifty-one pre-treatment paraffin-embedded tonsillar cancer biopsies were analysed. Immunohistochemistry (IHC) was used for p16(INK4A) and HPVL1 capsid analysis and PCR and ISH for HPV detection. RESULTS High-risk HPV DNA was detected by PCR in 49% of the tumours. P16(INK4a) staining was correlated to HPV In the high-grade p16(INK4a) staining group, 94% had a complete RT response. High p16(INK4a) staining as well as the HPV PCR-positive cases had a favourable prognosis. HPV DNA ISH and L1 IHC could not predict RT response or clinical outcome. CONCLUSION P16(INK4a) overexpression was correlated to HPV in tonsillar carcinoma and is useful for predicting RT response and prognosis in tonsillar carcinoma patients.
Target price forecasts: Fundamental and non- fundamental factors

This paper reveals both fundamental and non-fundamental factors play an important role in analysts’ target price formation. Analysts’ forecasts of short-term earnings and long-term growth are shown to be important explanatory variables for target prices; equally, the following salient non-fundamental factors are also shown to explain target price levels and especially target price biases: the 52-week high price and recent market sentiment. Here, increases in the 52-week high and market sentiment measures of one standard deviation correspond to increases in positive target price bias of 4.8% and 14.7%, respectively. Initially our analysis is constrained to analysts who provide long-term growth forecasts, however, our findings are robust to the removal of this constraint and the broader set of analysts. Our analysis reveals that analysts place greater weight on these non-fundamental factors in settings with greater task complexity and/or resource constraints, and when they rely on valuation heuristics as opposed to more rigorous valuation methodology, and that this greater weight is associated with increased optimistic bias. Finally, our results show that analysts’ target prices are useful in predicting future stock returns beyond earnings forecasts and commonly used risk proxies. However, in an internally consistent fashion, the informativeness of target prices for future returns is significantly reduced when greater weight is placed on either the 52-week high or recent market sentiment in the target price formation process.
Candidaemia in special care nurseries: comparison of albicans and parapsilosis infection.

OBJECTIVES Candidaemia caused by Candida parapsilosis (CP) is being increasingly reported among infants in neonatal intensive care units (NICU). To assess relative severity, clinical manifestations of candidaemia caused by C. albicans (CA) and CP in a NICU were compared. METHODS Between January 1994 and July 1997, episodes of candidaemia occurring among infants hospitalized in the NICU were identified in a children's hospital. The demographic characteristics, associated risk factors, clinical manifestations and outcome of the infants with CP fungaemia were collected and compared with those of the infants with CA fungaemia. RESULTS Twenty-four episodes caused by CA and 22 episodes caused by CP were included in this study. No significant differences were found between the two groups for gestational age, birth weight, male gender, post-natal age at onset of candidaemia, frequency of antecedent neonatal events, prior duration of antibiotic therapy and hyperalimentation, as well as presence of central venous catheter (CVC). Infants with CA fungaemia were significantly more likely than those with CP fungaemia to present with hypoxaemia, bradycardia and respiratory distress requiring intubation, and have a longer prior duration of indwelling CVC and a higher dissemination rate. The eradication rate of candidaemia and overall case fatality rate were comparable in both groups. but CP fungaemia did not appear to cause acute lethal events. CONCLUSION The presenting signs of CP fungaemia are relatively not so severe, but CP fungaemia, which is relatively difficult to eradicate, increases the morbidity and mortality of the infants.