Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Oligomerization and post-translational processing of glycoprotein G of human respiratory syncytial virus: altered O-glycosylation in the presence of brefeldin A.

The post-translational maturation of the attachment G glycoprotein of human respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) was investigated. The G protein formed homo-oligomers which sedimented in sucrose gradients at the same rate as the fusion F protein tetramer. Oligomerization of the G protein was insensitive to carbonylcyanide m-chlorophenylhydrazine, showing that this step occurs in the endoplasmic reticulum prior to O-glycosylation which initiated in the trans-Golgi compartment. The sedimentation of the G protein oligomer was essentially unchanged by the subsequent addition of O-linked sugars. This indicated that their contribution to the M(r) of the G protein is less than that estimated by electrophoretic mobility. It also suggested that O-glycosylation is not an important determinant of G protein oligomerization and, by implication, of polypeptide folding. The G protein is palmitylated. In short labelling pulses, the G protein accumulated as two species of 48K and 50K which contained only N-linked sugars, whose difference in M(r) was due solely to an N-linked sugar, which both assembled into oligomers, but which differed in the rate of subsequent O-glycosylation. The G protein was not detectably O-glycosylated in the presence of monensin, confirming previous work. In the presence of brefeldin A (BFA), it accumulated as a partially O-glycosylated species (BFA-G) of 68K to 78K. But further analysis by chase incubations following BFA-washout, by lectin-binding, and by glycosidase treatment suggested that BFA-G was not a fully authentic processing intermediate. In particular, some of the O-linked side-chains of the BFA-G protein were found to be sialylated. Rather than being a normal step in processing, this sialylation probably was due to altered distribution or activity of sialyltransferases during BFA treatment and may have resulted in the premature termination of elongation of some of the O-linked side-chains. Thus, these studies (i) indicate that O-glycosylation of the G protein begins in the trans-Golgi compartment and (ii) suggest that O-glycosylation is completed in as a subsequent compartment, but this latter suggestion is complicated by the evidence that the BFA-G protein is not a fully authentic intermediate. (ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)
APPLICATION OF THE RECURSIVE FEATURE ELIMINATION AND THE RELAXED LINEAR SEPARABILITY FEATURE SELECTION ALGORITHMS TO GENE EXPRESSION DATA ANALYSIS

Most of the commonly known feature selection methods focus on selecting ap- propriate predictors for image recognition or generally on data mining issues. In this paper we present a comparison between widely used Recursive Feature Elimination (RFE) with resampling method and the Relaxed Linear Separability (RLS) approach with application to the analysis of the data sets resulting from gene expression experiments. Different types of classification algorithms such as K-Nearest Neighbours (KNN), Support Vector Machines (SVM) and Random Forests (RF) are exploited and compared in terms of classification ac- curacy with optimal set of genes treated as predictors selected by either the RFE or the RLS approaches. Ten-fold cross-validation was used to determine classification accuracy.
Constructing Perspectives on Language Diversity in the U.S. Midwest

This paper examines perspectives on language diversity that surfaced prior to, during, and immediately following the implementation of a two-way immersion program in a public school district in Iowa. Using a social constructionist paradigm, combined with Habermas’ understanding of the public sphere, the paper explores local and regional media coverage of the two-way immersion program alongside coverage of emerging language legislation on Official English in Iowa, spanning the last years of the 20th century into the beginning of the 21st. The analysis reveals a variety of postures within the public discourse related to the presence and use of languages other than English in this Midwestern context. The paper argues that it is precisely this interface of varying perspectives that will potentially facilitate a more lasting receptive social environment towards language diversity in the state.
Praising Young Children for Being Smart Promotes Cheating

Praise is one of the most commonly used forms of reward. It is convenient, is nearly effortless, and makes the recipient feel good. However, praising children for being smart carries unintended consequences: It can undermine their achievement motivation in a way that praising their effort or performance does not (Cimpian, Arce, Markman, & Dweck, 2007; Kamins & Dweck, 1999; Mueller & Dweck, 1998; see Dweck, 2007). In this study, we investigated whether the negative consequences of praising children for being smart extend to the moral domain, by encouraging cheating. There is some prior work suggesting that evaluative feedback can influence children’s moral behaviors (Fu, Heyman, Qian, Guo, & Lee, 2016; Mueller & Dweck, 1998; Zhao, Heyman, Chen, & Lee, 2017). Telling 5-yearolds (but not younger children) that they have a reputation for being good leads to a reduction in their cheating, presumably because they are interested in maintaining this reputation (Fu et al., 2016). We propose that telling children that they are smart, a form of ability praise, may have the opposite effect by motivating them to cheat to appear smarter. In a study consistent with this possibility, Mueller and Dweck (1998) found that 10-year-olds exaggerated how well they had performed after receiving ability praise. However, little is known about whether ability praise can influence young children’s moral behavior. The present research addressed this question by comparing the effects of ability and performance praise on preschool children’s cheating.
Vocabulary — Building Blocks of Comprehension?

This paper describes an investigation designed to probe the causal ordering between vocabulary and comprehension skills of primary grade pupils. Five causal methods were used to analyze a set of reading data obtained in a panel situation from second- and third-graders. The results suggest that the two reading components are probably causally related and that vocabulary is likely to be the predominant causal factor. There is strong evidence that the causal links are congruent. Similar patterns of results were obtained from the second- and third-grade samples included in the study. Considerable convergent validity was obtained through the use of the five causal methods.
CONFRONTING THE ETHICS OF QUALITATIVE RESEARCH

Abstract In this article we question the “ethicism” that often permeates the discourse on qualitative research, that is, the implicit idea that qualitative research is ethically good in itself, or at least ethically superior to the uncaring quantitative approaches. In order to throw light on the ethics of qualitative interviews in contemporary consumer societywhat has also been called “the interview society”we draw on microethics as well as macroethics, that is, on the relationships within the interview situation, as well as the relations to society and culture at large. We argue that prevailing forms of warm, empathic interviews are ethically questionable, and, as an antidote, we propose various forms of actively confronting interviews. We argue that ethics is a real and inescapable domain of the human world, and we propose that “The real has to be described, not constructed or formed” (Merleau-Ponty, 1945, p. xi). Therefore we relocate the focus away from the construction of our ethics, to the question of how the researcher should be enabled to skillfully confront ethical reality, particularly by mastering the art of “thick ethical description. ”
Sleeping patterns in upper-middle-class families when the child awakens ill or frightened.

Prior research on whether parents and children ever share a bed is scanty. Some experts have written that if parents take their frightened child into bed with them, there will be "devil to pay. " Using a questionnaire, we surveyed 415 upper-middle-class parents of 576 children. We asked if, when their child awoke ill or frightened, they took the child into their bed. They commonly did. We question whether explanations that ascribe the cause of psychopathologic disorders to specific events may not be too simplistic. To date, too much attention may have been paid to the events, such as parents and children sharing a bed, are not enough has been devoted to the context, motivation, and setting in which these events occur.
Is Body Fat a Predictor of Race Time in Female Long-Distance Inline Skaters?

Purpose The aim of this study was to evaluate predictor variables of race time in female ultra-endurance inliners in the longest inline race in Europe. Methods We investigated the association between anthropometric and training characteristics and race time for 16 female ultra-endurance inline skaters, at the longest inline marathon in Europe, the ‘Inline One-eleven’ over 111 km in Switzerland, using bi- and multivariate analysis. Results The mean (SD) race time was 289.7 (54.6) min. The bivariate analysis showed that body height (r=0.61), length of leg (r=0.61), number of weekly inline skating training sessions (r=-0.51) and duration of each training unit (r=0.61) were significantly correlated with race time. Stepwise multiple regressions revealed that body height, duration of each training unit, and age were the best variables to predict race time. Conclusion Race time in ultra-endurance inline races such as the ‘Inline One-eleven’ over 111 km might be predicted by the following equation (r2=0.65): Race time (min)=-691.62+521.71 (body height, m)+0.58 (duration of each training unit, min)+1.78 (age, yrs) for female ultra-endurance inline skaters.
A Privacy Threat for Internet Users in Internet-censoring Countries

Online surveillance has been increasingly used by different governments to control the spread of information on the Internet. The magnitude of this activity differs widely and is based primarily on the areas that are deemed, by the state, to be critical. Aside from the use of keywords and the complete domain name filtering technologies, Internet censorship can sometimes even use the total blocking of IP addresses to censor content. Despite the advances, in terms of technology used for Internet censorship, there are also different types of circumvention tools that are available to the general public. In this paper, we report the results of our investigation on how migrants who previously had access to the open Internet behave toward Internet censorship when subjected to it. Four hundred and thirty-two (432) international students took part in the study that lasted two years. We identified the most common circumvention tools that are utilized by the foreign students in China. We investigated the usability of these tools and monitored the way in which they are used. We identified a behaviour-based privacy threat that puts the users of circumvention tools at risk while they live in an Internet-censoring country. We also recommend the use of a user-oriented filtering method, which should be considered as part of the censoring system, as it enhances the performance of the screening process and recognizes the real needs of its users.
Managing intentionally created communities of practice for knowledge sourcing across organisational boundaries: Insights on the role of the CoP manager

Purpose – The purpose of this article is to explore strategies used by communities of practice (CoPs) managers when managing intentionally created CoPs.Design/methodology/approach – Four intentionally created CoPs in Ireland are explored, using a qualitative research design with data from observation, interviews and analysis of documents.Findings – The study identified a number of specific strategies CoP managers use to develop trust, facilitate collaboration, facilitate the negotiation of shared meaning and manage power issues within the CoP. These strategies were shared by the four managers who participated in the study.Research limitations/implications – The study is based on a small sample of managers in Ireland. The context and process imposed constraints and the findings are context specific which implications for the application of findings to other CoPs.Originality/value – The study highlights the concept of CoP is not confined to traditional understandings but includes intentionally created highl.
Understanding Public Evaluation: Quantifying Experimenter Intervention

Public evaluations are popular because some research questions can only be answered by turning "to the wild. " Different approaches place experimenters in different roles during deployment, which has implications for the kinds of data that can be collected and the potential bias introduced by the experimenter. This paper expands our understanding of how experimenter roles impact public evaluations and provides an empirical basis to consider different evaluation approaches. We completed an evaluation of a playful gesture-controlled display not to understand interaction at the display but to compare different evaluation approaches. The conditions placed the experimenter in three roles, steward observer, overt observer, and covert observer, to measure the effect of experimenter presence and analyse the strengths and weaknesses of each approach.
On the Equivalence of Weighted Finite-state Transducers

Although they can be topologically different, two distinct transducers may actually recognize the same rational relation. Being able to test the equivalence of transducers allows to implement such operations as incremental minimization and iterative composition. This paper presents an algorithm for testing the equivalence of deterministic weighted finite-state transducers, and outlines an implementation of its applications in a prototype weighted finite-state calculus tool.
Health economic benefits and quality of life during improved glycemic control in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus: a randomized, controlled, double-blind trial.

CONTEXT Although the long-term health benefits of good glycemic control in patients with diabetes are well documented, shorter-term quality of life (QOL) and economic savings generally have been reported to be minimal or absent. OBJECTIVE To examine short-term outcomes of glycemic control in type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM). DESIGN Double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled, parallel trial. SETTING Sixty-two sites in the United States. PARTICIPANTS A total of 569 male and female volunteers with type 2 DM. INTERVENTION After a 3-week, single-blind placebo-washout period, participants were randomized to diet and titration with either 5 to 20 mg of glipizide gastrointestinal therapeutic system (GITS) (n = 377) or placebo (n = 192) for 12 weeks. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Change from baseline in glucose and hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) levels and symptom distress, QOL, and health economic indicators by questionnaires and diaries. RESULTS After 12 weeks, mean (+/-SE) HbA1c and fasting blood glucose levels decreased with active therapy (glipizide GITS) vs placebo (7.5% 0.1% vs 9.3%+/-0.1% and 7.0+/-0.1 mmol/L [126+/-2 mg/dL] vs 9.3+/-0.2 mmol/L [168+/-4 mg/ dL], respectively; P<.001). Quality-of-life treatment differences (SD units) for symptom distress (+0.59; P<.001), general perceived health (+0.36; P= .004), cognitive functioning (+0.34; P=.005), and the overall visual analog scale (VAS) (+0.24; P=.04) were significantly more favorable for active therapy. Subscales of acuity (+0.38; P=.002), VAS emotional health (+0.35; P=.003), general health (+0.27; P=.01), sleep (+0.26; P=.04), depression (+0.25; P=.05), disorientation and detachment (+0.23; P= .05), and vitality (+0.22; P=.04) were most affected. Favorable health economic outcomes for glipizide GITS included higher retained employment (97% vs 85%; P<.001), greater productive capacity (99% vs 87%; P<.001), less absenteeism (losses = $24 vs $115 per worker per month; P<.001), fewer bed-days (losses = $1539 vs $1843 per 1000 person-days; P=.05), and fewer restricted-activity days (losses = $2660 vs $4275 per 1000 person-days; P=.01). CONCLUSIONS Improved glycemic control of type 2 DM is associated with substantial short-term symptomatic, QOL, and health economic benefits.
Secrets and Lies: Barriers to the Exchange of Genetic Origins Information following Donor Assisted Conception

Until the Warnock Report of 1984, the veil of secrecy surrounding donor assisted conception in the UK went more or less unchallenged. Starting with a look at the Report and subsequent legislation, Eric Blyth explores the main arguments for and against releasing information about their genetic origins to donor assisted offspring. Factors contributing to the debate include increasing public awareness of the importance of genetics in defining identity, the significant shift in attitudes towards openness in adoption which has taken place in England and Wales since the early 1990s and reluctance on the part of semen donors to be known to their offspring. Different attitudes in different parts of the world are also examined, as are the limitations of human rights legislation at both national and international levels.
Treatment with the dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitor vildagliptin improves fasting islet-cell function in subjects with type 2 diabetes.

CONTEXT Dipeptidyl peptidase 4 (DPP-4) inhibitors are proposed to lower blood glucose in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) by prolonging the activity of the circulating incretins, glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide (GIP) and glucagon-like peptide 1 (GLP-1). Consistent with this mechanism of action, DPP-4 inhibitors improve glucose tolerance after meals by increasing insulin and reducing glucagon levels in the plasma. However, DPP-4 inhibitors also reduce fasting blood glucose, an unexpected effect because circulating levels of active GIP and GLP-1 are low in the postabsorptive state. OBJECTIVE The objective of the study was to examine the effects of DPP-4 inhibition on fasting islet function. DESIGN We conducted a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. SETTING The study was performed in General Clinical Research Centers at two University Hospitals. SUBJECTS Forty-one subjects with T2DM were treated with metformin or diet, having good glycemic control with glycosylated hemoglobin values of 6.2-7.5%. INTERVENTION Subjects were treated with vildagliptin (50 mg twice daily) or placebo for 3 months, followed by a 2-wk washout. Major Outcome Measure: We measured insulin secretion in response to iv glucose and arginine before and after treatment and after drug washout. RESULTS There were small and comparable reductions in glycosylated hemoglobin in both groups over 3 months. Vildagliptin increased fasting GLP-1 levels in subjects taking metformin, but not those managed with diet, and raised active GIP levels slightly. DPP-4 inhibitor treatment improved the acute insulin and C-peptide responses to glucose (50 and 100% respectively; P < 0.05) and increased the slope of the C-peptide response to glucose (33%; P = 0.023). CONCLUSION Vildagliptin improves islet function in T2DM under fasting conditions. This suggests that DPP-4 inhibition has metabolic benefits in addition to enhancing meal-induced GLP-1 and GIP activity.
The Concept of “Opportunity” in Entrepreneurship Research: Past Accomplishments and Future Challenges

Opportunity is a central concept within the entrepreneurship field, and there is now a critical mass of literature centered on the concept. The authors seek to make two main contributions to this literature. First, we provide a detailed review of research on the opportunity concept and the processes surrounding it, highlighting extant insights and future needs. Second, we describe ways that the entrepreneurship literature’s insights about the opportunity concept could be enhanced by research in other fields, both inside and outside business-related domains.
FPGA based system for video compression and transmission over bluetooth

An implementation of real-time video compression and transmission method using low-cost Field-Programmable Gate Array (FPGA) is presented in this paper. The proposed system utilizes Bluetooth link in order to transmit 88x136 pictures at the rate of up to 17 frames per second. The main focus was on the low-power implementation of the system because of its mobility. This is why the Bluetooth was chosen as wireless carrier. Also the demand for this kind of systems is growing. Therefore the hardware design effort was targeted to the lowest FPGA area usage at the appropriate performance level. This was done by modifying the existing image compression methods in order to simplify the design. The system captures input from widely known CMUCam video camera module and transmits picture to the PC system.
Typical properties of optimal growth in the Von Neumann expanding model for large random economies

We calculate the optimal solutions of the fully heterogeneous Von Neumann expansion problem with N processes and P goods in the limit N → ∞. This model provides an elementary description of the growth of a production economy in the long run. The system turns from a contracting to an expanding phase as N increases beyond P. The solution is characterized by a universal behaviour, independent of the parameters of the disorder statistics. Associating technological innovation with an increase of N, we find that while such an increase has a large positive impact on long term growth when N << P, its effect on technologically advanced economies (N >> P) is very weak.
Mapping and ablation of left atrial flutters.

BACKGROUND Typical right atrial isthmus-dependent flutters have been described in detail, but very little is known about left atrial (LA) flutters. METHODS AND RESULTS We performed conventional and 3D mapping of the LA for 22 patients with atypical flutters. Complete maps in 17 patients demonstrated macroreentrant circuits (n=15) with 1 to 3 loops rotating around the mitral annulus, the pulmonary veins, and a zone of block or a silent area. In 2 patients, a small reentry circuit with a zone of markedly slow conduction was identified. Linear ablation performed across the most accessible part of the circuit cured 16 patients (73%) with a follow-up of 15+/-7 months. CONCLUSIONS LA reentrant tachycardias are related to individually varying circuits and are amenable to mapping guided radiofrequency ablation.
A Methodology to Detect and Update Active Deformation Areas Based on Sentinel-1 SAR Images

This work is focused on deformation activity mapping and monitoring using Sentinel-1 (S-1) data and the DInSAR (Differential Interferometric Synthetic Aperture Radar) technique. The main goal is to present a procedure to periodically update and assess the geohazard activity (volcanic activity, landslides and ground-subsidence) of a given area by exploiting the wide area coverage and the high coherence and temporal sampling (revisit time up to six days) provided by the S-1 satellites. The main products of the procedure are two updatable maps: the deformation activity map and the active deformation areas map. These maps present two different levels of information aimed at different levels of geohazard risk management, from a very simplified level of information to the classical deformation map based on SAR interferometry. The methodology has been successfully applied to La Gomera, Tenerife and Gran Canaria Islands (Canary Island archipelago). The main obtained results are discussed.