Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Design of unknown input observers and robust fault detection filters

Fault detection filters are a special class of observers that can generate directional residuals for the purpose of fault isolation. This paper proposes a new approach to design robust (in the disturbance de-coupling sense) fault detection filters which ensure that the residual vector, generated by this filter, has both robust and directional properties. This is done by combining the unknown input observer and fault detection filter principles. The paper proposes a new full-order unknown input observer, and gives necessary and sufficient conditions for its existence. After the disturbance de-coupling conditions are satisfied, the remaining design freedom can be used to make the residual have the directional property, based on the fault detection filter principle. A nonlinear jet engine system is used to illustrate the robust fault isolation approach presented. It is shown that linearization errors can be approximately treated as unknown disturbances and be de-coupled in the design of a robust fault detect.
Employees Working from Home: Do Leadership Factors Influence Work-Related Stress and Musculoskeletal Pain?

In March 2020, the COVID-19 pandemic necessitated a rapid public health response, which included mandatory working from home (WFH) for many employees. However, given the rapid change from traditional ways of working, evidence is limited on the role of leaders, managers, and supervisors in supporting their employees’ physical and mental health whilst WFH. The study aimed to examine the impact of leaders through their management of psychosocial working conditions on employees’ stress and musculoskeletal pain (MSP) levels whilst WFH. Methods: Data from 965 participants (230 males, 729 females, 6 other) involved in the Employees Working from Home (EWFH) study, collected in October 2020, and April and November 2021, were analysed. Generalised mixed-effect models were used to test relationships between psychosocial leadership factors and employees’ stress and MSP levels. Results: Higher quantitative demands are associated with increased stress (B: 0.289, 95%CI 0.245, 0.333), presence of MSP (OR: 2.397, 95%CI 1.809, 3.177), and increased MSP levels (RR: 1.09, 95%CI 1.04, 1.14). Higher levels of vertical trust decreased stress (B: −0.094, 95%CI −0.135, −0.052) and presence of MSP (OR: 0.729, 95%CI 0.557, 0.954). Role clarity decreased stress (B: −0.055, 95%CI −0.104, −0.007) and levels of MSP (RR: 0.93, 95%CI 0.89, 0.96). Working with interruptions was associated with increased stress (B: 0.199, 95%CI 0.119, 0.280) and MSP (OR: 1.834, 95%CI 1.094, 3.072). Conclusion: Leaders will need to take a broad view of job design, taking into account physical and psychosocial aspects of work, to effectively support employees WFH and manage stress and MSP.
Network meta-analysis: application and practice using R software

The objective of this study is to describe the general approaches to network meta-analysis that are available for quantitative data synthesis using R software. We conducted a network meta-analysis using two approaches: Bayesian and frequentist methods. The corresponding R packages were “gemtc” for the Bayesian approach and “netmeta” for the frequentist approach. In estimating a network meta-analysis model using a Bayesian framework, the “rjags” package is a common tool. “rjags” implements Markov chain Monte Carlo simulation with a graphical output. The estimated overall effect sizes, test for heterogeneity, moderator effects, and publication bias were reported using R software. The authors focus on two flexible models, Bayesian and frequentist, to determine overall effect sizes in network meta-analysis. This study focused on the practical methods of network meta-analysis rather than theoretical concepts, making the material easy to understand for Korean researchers who did not major in statistics. The authors hope that this study will help many Korean researchers to perform network meta-analyses and conduct related research more easily with R software.
Prospects for Biodiesel Production from Emerging Algal Resource: Process Optimization and Characterization of Biodiesel Properties

The present work focuses on the optimization of the energy conversion process and the use of algal resources for biodiesel production with ultrasound and microwave techniques in Oedogonium, Oscillatoria, Ulothrix, Chlorella, Cladophora, and Spirogyra for the first time. The fuel properties are investigated to optimize the efficiency of the newly emerging algal energy feedstock. The study indicates that the optimized microwave technique improves the lipid extraction efficiency in Oedogonium, Oscillatoria, Ulothrix, Chlorella, Cladophora, and Spirogyra (38.5, 34, 55, 48, 40, and 33%, respectively). Moreover, the ultrasonic technique was also effective in extracting more lipids from Oedogonium sp. , Oscillatoria sp. , Ulothrix sp. , Chlorella, Cladophora sp. , and Spirogyra sp. (32, 21, 51, 40, and 36%, respectively) than from controls, using an ultra-sonication power of 80 kHz with an 8-min extraction time. The fatty acid composition, especially the contents of C16:0 and C18:1, were also enhanced after the microwave and sonication pretreatments in algal species. Enhancement of the lipids extracted from algal species improved the cetane number, high heating value, cold filter plugging point, and oxidative stability as compared to controls. Our results indicate that the conversion of biofuels from algae could be increased by the ultrasound and microwave techniques, to develop an eco-green and sustainable environment.
Determination of HIF-1α degradation pathways via modulation of the propionyl mark

The hypoxia-inducible factor-1α (HIF-1α) is a key regulator of hypoxic stress under physiological and pathological conditions. HIF-1α protein stability is tightly regulated by the ubiquitin-proteasome system (UPS) and autophagy in normoxia, hypoxia, and the tumor environment to mediate the hypoxic response. However, the mechanisms of how the UPS and autophagy interplay for HIF-1α proteostasis remain unclear. Here, we found a HIF-1α species propionylated at lysine (K) 709 by p300/CREB binding protein (CBP). HIF-1α stability and the choice of degradation pathway were affected by HIF-1α propionylation. K709-propionylation prevented HIF-1α from degradation through the UPS, while activated chaperon-mediated autophagy (CMA) induced the degradation of propionylated and nonpropionylated HIF-1α. CMA contributed to HIF-1α degradation in both normoxia and hypoxia. Furthermore, the pan-cancer analysis showed that CMA had a significant positive correlation with the hypoxic signatures, whereas SIRT1, responsible for K709-depropionylation correlated negatively with them. Altogether, our results revealed a novel mechanism of HIF-1α distribution into two different degradation pathways.
A finite volume method for the solution of fluid flows coupled with the mechanical behavior of compacting porous media

A Finite Volume Method is employed for solving the coupled fluid/structure problem encountered in porous deformable media, namely the flow in the porous rock of a petroleum reservoir coupled with the stress field in the porous matrix. As oil is produced, the porous pressure diminishes changing the porosity of the structure, requiring careful monitoring of the structure of the matrix to avoid rock collapse. This coupled problem is normally solved using two different methodologies, finite volume, or finite-differences, for the flow in the porous media, and finite element for the rock mechanics. The reason for this approach is the belief that finite volume methods are suitable only for fluid flow problems. In fact, the momentum conservation equation is, obviously, the same for both problems, allowing the proposition of a single method, using a single grid for solving the coupled problem. As a consequence, it is not required grid interpolation to transfer results from one problem to another and, even more att.
Methods for stability evaluation for linear time varying, discrete-time systems on finite time horizon

This paper develops a method for determining stability of discrete-time (DT), linear time-varying (LTV) systems defined on a finite time horizon (FTH). In our considerations we use a collection of stability definitions for linear time invariant (LTI) and LTV systems which are defined on an infinite time horizon (ITH). Based on the analysis carried out and the introduced operator-matrix notation we define four stability functions. These functions allow examination of the stability of a system described by an LTV state space model. Moreover, using these functions we introduce the time stability margin and making use of the operator-matrix notation we propose a method of determining the stability on a finite time horizon. The theoretical considerations are numerically verified on two examples of LTV systems with a variable degree of non-stationarity depending on a parameter ε. Several examples illustrate the application of the introduced concepts and definitions to examination of the system stability also depending on parameter ε.
To lead or not to lead: analysis of the sprint in track cycling

Abstract This paper uses a statistical analysis of match sprint outcomes to guide tactical decisions in this highly tactical contest and to provide competitors and coaches with a potential, marginal gain. Logistic regression models are developed to predict the probability of the leading rider winning at different points of the race, based on how the race proceeds up to each point. Key tactics are successfully identified from the models, including how the leading rider might hold the lead and how the following rider might optimize overtaking.
Confined and interface optical phonon emission in GaN/InGaN double barrier quantum well heterostructures

In GaN-based high electron mobility transistors (HEMTs), the fast emission of longitudinal optical (LO) phonons can result in the formation of hot spots near the gate region where high electric fields produce hot electrons. In this work, we investigate the probability of phonon emission as a function of electron energy for confined and interface (IF) phonon modes for wurtzite GaN/InGaN/GaN heterostructures. Hot electrons radiate optical phonons which decay, anharmonically, into acoustic phonons that are essentially heat carriers. Herein, phonon engineering concepts are introduced which facilitate thermal management through the production of polar optical phonons. Some of the electrons near a semiconductor gate which manifests a strong electric field, are accelerated and the resulting hot electrons will produce confined and interface modes when the electrons are incident on a suitably-placed quantum well. This paper focuses on the production of confined and interface phonons. It is shown that interface modes may be preferentially produced which lead to elongated, lower-temperature hot spots.
Response to Critics

Let me begin by sincerely thanking the commentators for taking the time to share their insightful reactions to the target article [Callender 2022a]. I am very fortunate to have so many talented, diverse and rich responses. They have put me on an intellectual journey for the past two years, one that has been very rewarding and led me to change and hopefully improve my view. These developments wouldn’t have been possible without such challenging feedback. To avoid missing the forest for the trees, let me highlight what is most important to me. It’s a practical problem. In some social sciences and especially cost-benefit analysis it is common to blame many problems on people having ‘irrational’ time preferences. In neo-classical economics the value of the temporal discount rate was often targeted as the cause of many individual and societal ills. People discounted future value too steeply, it was thought, not caring about the future. Modern researchers instead focus on the form of the temporal discount function. Due largely to a dominance result by Strotz [1955], an exponential form is considered the normatively correct function. Non-exponential functions, which it turns out the folk use, are thought to be temporally inconsistent and therefore irrational. Because credit card debt, obesity, smoking, and more are associated with non-exponential discounting, our ‘irrational’ time preferences are thought to partly cause our misfortunes, which in turn suggests certain types of policy intervention. Not everyone subscribes to this paradigm—but most do. Yet this paradigm often gets things the wrong way around. In neo-classical economics, the poor were blamed for their fate because it was said that they didn’t care about the future. But, of course, the causal arrow might go the other way: when food and shelter are under threat and mortality high, it can be entirely rational to not care so much about the distant future. Modern work that focuses on the form of the discount function faces the same possible reversal. Given certain contexts, it may make sense to employ non-exponential discount functions. What I try to show is that the number of assumptions needed to bestow a normative glow on exponential discounting are substantial; without getting into the dirty contextual details, we cannot assume that non-exponential discounting is irrational [Callender 2022a]. The standard paradigm is quick to assume time preferences are the problem. This style of thinking can be traced right back to Strotz’s seminal paper. He writes
Improvement of Corrosion and Wear Resistance of CoCrNiSi0.3 Medium-Entropy Alloy by Sputtering CrN Film

In this study, Co, Cr, and Ni were selected as the equal-atomic medium entropy alloy (MEA) systems, and Si was added to form CoCrNiSi0.3 MEA. In order to further improve its wear and corrosion properties, CrN film was sputtered on the surface. In addition, to enhance the adhesion between the soft CoCrNiSi0.3 substrate and the super-hard CrN film, a Cr buffer layer was pre-sputtered on the CoCrNiSi0.3 substrate. The experimental results show that the CrN film exhibits a columnar grain structure, and the film growth rate is about 2.022 μm/h. With the increase of sputtering time, the increase in CrN film thickness, and the refinement of columnar grains, the wear and corrosion resistance improves. Among all CoCrNiSi0.3 MEAs without and with CrN films prepared in this study, the CoCrNiSi0.3 MEA with 3 h-sputtered CrN film has the lowest wear rate of 2.249 × 10−5 mm3·m−1·N−1, and the best corrosion resistance of Icorr 19.37 μA·cm–2 and Rp 705.85 Ω·cm2.
Faster and Lighter Meteorological Satellite Image Classification by a Lightweight Channel-Dilation-Concatenation Net

With the development of satellite photography, meteorologists are inclined to rely on methods for the automatic and efficient classification of weather images. However, many popular networks require numerous parameters and a lengthy inference time, making them unsuitable for real-time classification tasks. To solve these problems, a lightweight convolutional network termed the channel-dilation-concatenation network (CDC-net) is constructed for meteorological satellite image classification. When extracting features, CDC-net utilizes depth-wise convolution rather than standard convolution. Additionally, a FeatureCopy operation was employed instead of a half-convolution operation. CDC-net extracts high-dimensional features and contains a local importance-based pooling layer, reducing the network's depth, the number of network parameters and inference time. Based on these techniques, the CDC-net achieves an accuracy of 93.56% on the large-scale satellite cloud image database for meteorological research, with a graphics processing unit (GPU) inference time of 3.261 ms and 1.12 million parameters. Because many weather images reveal multiple weather patterns, multiple labels are necessary. Therefore, we propose a prediction method and conduct experiments on multilabel data. Experiments on single-label and multilabel meteorological satellite image datasets demonstrate the superiority of the CDC-net over other structures. Thus, the proposed CDC-net can provide a faster and lighter solution in meteorological satellite image classification.
Framed, 16-image, Kirkpatrick–Baez microscope for laser–plasma x-ray emission

A framed, 16-image, Kirkpatrick–Baez (KB)-type x-ray microscope has been designed for use in imaging laser–plasma x-ray emission. The reflecting elements are 16 pairs of concave mirrors arranged to reflect and focus x rays emanating from a laser-produced plasma. The resolution of the elements is 3 μm at best focus and is better than 5 μm within a 400-μm-diam region. A framing camera will be used in combination with the KB optic to produce 16 gated x-ray images in the energy range from 1.5 to 7 keV over a typical interval of 1.5 ns. This system is designed for use on the University of Rochester’s OMEGA laser facility [T. R. Boehly et al., Opt Commun. 133, 495 (1997)].
Toward a critical social theory of AI: Knowledge, information, and intelligence in the later works of André Gorz

In his last scholarly work, L’Immatériel, André Gorz grapples with the emergence of the new cognitive capitalism based on immaterial labor and capital and, crucially, he seeks to comprehend how advanced technologies—such as nanotechnology, biotechnology, ICTs, and specifically, AI—reshape the very nature of the human subject. Despite its vital contributions, his conventional form of humanism—one that draws clear lines between organic human culture and inorganic machinic systems—is questioned and challenged by the increasingly complex and pervasive interplay between the two domains. Focusing on his later writings, this essay critically examines Gorz’s social theory of cognitive capitalism with particular reference to knowledge, information and intelligence. In doing so, the essay draws out some theoretical implications of Gorz’s defense of the humanities against post-human civilization for the development of a critical social theory of AI.
Jitter reduction through feedback for picosecond pulsed InGaAsP lasers

Following a comparison of picosecond-pulse generation techniques, feedback schemes are reported for the generation of picosecond pulse trains with improved jitter for both multicontact and conventional single-contact InGaAsP-InP lasers. Subpicosecond jitter is achieved for Q-switched laser sources using a novel optoelectronic feedback scheme. The use of resonant electrical feedback is shown to improve the timing jitter of gain-switched pulses by up to six times. Pulse-to-pulse timing jitter as low as 250 fs is demonstrated for a hybrid of optical and electrical feedback schemes. Limits for timing jitter in diode lasers are established for optoelectronic, electrical, and optical feedback schemes, and the key picosecond pulse generation schemes are compared in terms of timing jitter for the first time.
Slowing down the light by using coupled stereoscopic dielectric metamaterials

New designs "meta-atom" and "meta-material" composed from all-dielectric resonators with high Q and low loss, this kind metamaterial is coupled from propagating plane wave and generates electromagnetic response like electromagnetically induced transparency in atomic vapor. The "meta-atom" or "meta-molecular" are not only workable in room temperature but also enable three dimensional ommidirectionally incident with superposition stacking. Meanwhile, the EIT-like via dielectric metamaterial with high transmittance, dramatic index change and tunable operating frequency. The simulation result agrees the possibility electromagnetically induced transparency -like bulk exists from microwave to THz region.
Genome-wide copy number variant screening of Saudi schizophrenia patients reveals larger deletions in cases versus controls

Introduction Genome-wide association studies have discovered common polymorphisms in regions associated with schizophrenia. No genome-wide analyses have been performed in Saudi schizophrenia subjects. Methods Genome-wide genotyping data from 136 Saudi schizophrenia cases and 97 Saudi controls in addition to 4,625 American were examined for copy number variants (CNVs). A hidden Markov model approach was used to call CNVs. Results CNVs in schizophrenia cases were twice as large on average than CNVs in controls (p = 0.04). The analyses focused on extremely large >250 kilobases CNVs or homozygous deletions of any size. One extremely large deletion was noted in a single case (16.5 megabases on chromosome 10). Two cases had an 814 kb duplication of chromosome 7 spanning a cluster of genes, including circadian-related loci, and two other cases had 277 kb deletions of chromosome 9 encompassing an olfactory receptors gene family. CNVs were also seen in loci previously associated with schizophrenia, namely a 16p11 proximal duplication and two 22q11.2 deletions. Discussion Runs of homozygosity (ROHs) were analyzed across the genome to investigate correlation with schizophrenia risk. While rates and sizes of these ROHs were similar in cases and controls, we identified 10 regions where multiple cases had ROHs and controls did not.
Regular Partitions of Graphs

Abstract : A crucial lemma in recent work of the author (showing that k-term arithmetic progression-free sets of integers must have density zero) stated (approximately) that any large bipartite graph can be decomposed into relatively few 'nearly regular' bipartite subgraphs. In this note the author generalizes this result to arbitrary graphs, at the same time strengthening and simplifying the original bipartite result.
Editorial: Interactive digital narratives representing complexity

This Research Topic provides a slice of current research on Interactive Digital Narrative (IDN), a growing field of study and a design discipline with roots going back to Buckles (1985); Laurel (1986) early PhD research in the 1980s and work on text adventures in the 1970s. The seminal work by Murray (1997) initiated continuous development in both theory and design (c.f. (Aylett, 2000; Montfort, 2003; Jenkins, 2004; Louchart and Aylett, 2004; Pearce, 2004; Louchart et al., 2008; Koenitz, 2010; Fernández-Vara, 2011; Koenitz, 2015; Koenitz et al., 2015; Dubbelman, 2016; Eladhari, 2018). IDN works manifest in different forms, with narrativefocused video games being the most well-known form to general audiences. At the same time, virtual reality/augmented reality/mixed reality works as well as interactive documentaries, and journalistic interactives are reaching increased audiences. The most prominent outlet for IDN research is the International Conference on Interactive Digital Storytelling (ICIDS) which is now in its 15th year, organized by the Association for Research in Digital Interactive Narratives (ARDIN). The Research Topic is also discussed in many other places including AI-focused conferences such as the Conference on Artificial Intelligence and Interactive Digital Entertainment (AIIDE), the Workshop on Intelligent Narrative Technologies (INT), the Foundations of Digital Games conference series (FDG), and the conference of the Digital Games Research Association (DIGRA) as well as ZIPScene. Variants of IDN have been discussed in the long-running conference of the Electronic Literature organization (ELO), but also in the context of cinema and VR at places such as the DocLab at the International Documentary Film Festival Amsterdam (IDFA), the Sundance and Tribeca Festivals and many others. OPEN ACCESS