Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Type Analysis and Type-test Elimination in Oberon-2

This article shows how to enhance the well-established framework of abstract interpretation to the object-oriented setting considering an Oberon-2-like language for illustration. The focus of the presentation lies on the exibility resulting from the genericity of the framework, which is demonstrated by diierent type analysis algorithms. Their results can be used for various optimizations like the elimination of unnecessary type tests and type assertions. Moreover, this article shows how a previously proposed approach for intraprocedural type analysis by Corney and Gough can be modeled in our approach, and even interprocedurally be enhanced. 1 Motivation Type analysis of object-oriented programs is a necessary, but diicult task of program optimization in order to generate eecient code. In contrast to the imperative paradigm, where abstract interpretation (cf. 2, 8]) provides a uniform and theoretically well-founded platform for the construction of powerful analysis and optimization algorithms, for the object-oriented paradigm the situation is still characterized by approaches being quite speciic or ad-hoc. Recently, Knoop and Schreiber have shown how to improve on this situation by transferring the abstract interpretation based approach for analysing and optimizing imperative programs to the object-oriented paradigm considering an Oberon-2-like language (cf. 6, 12]). Here, we put emphasis on the exibility of this approach, which is demonstrated by two diierent type analysis algorithms focusing on eeciency and precision, respectively. Related work. Type analysis for object-oriented programs has been an active eld of research for years. The majority of approaches proposed (e.g. 10, 11]) focuses on untyped object-oriented languages, and does not (directly) apply to statically typed languages. In particular, the complex interplay of pointer variables and type-bound procedures in Oberon-2 lacks a direct counterpart in the settings considered there. Most closely related to our approach are the approaches of Corney and Gough 1], and Knoop and Golub-ski 4]. Corney and Gough proposed an intraprocedural type analysis algorithm for Sim-pleOberon; Knoop and Golubski demonstrated how to extend the abstract interpretation framework to untyped object-oriented languages. We consider an Oberon-2-like programming language (cf. 9]), called SimpleOberon, which omits complex data structures like arrays or multilevel pointer structures, but is complex enough to demonstrate the essential features of the approach. The syntax of SimpleOberon is essentially given by the contextfree-like grammar of Figure 1. Central is the concept of Wirth's type-extension (cf. 14]), which allows a programmer to create a new record-type by adding elds to an existing record-type as illustrated in Figure …
Conceptualisation of knowledge construction in community service-learning programmes in nursing education.

BACKGROUND Practices in higher education have been criticised for not developing and preparing students for the expertise required in real environments. Literature reports that educational programmes tend to favour knowledge conformation rather than knowledge construction; however, community service learning (CSL) is a powerful pedagogical strategy that encourages students to make meaningful connections between the content in the classroom and real-life experiences as manifested by the communities. Through CSL, learning is achieved by the active construction of knowledge supported by multiple perspectives within meaningful real contexts, and the social interactions amongst students are seen to play a critical role in the processes of learning and cognition. This article reflects facilitators’ perspective of the knowledge construction process as used with students doing community service learning in basic nursing programmes. OBJECTIVES The aim of this article was to conceptualise the phenomenon of knowledge construction and thereby provide educators with a shared meaning and common understanding, and to analyse the interaction strategies utilised by nurse educators in the process of knowledge construction in community service-learning programmes in basic nursing education. METHOD A qualitative research approach based on a grounded theory research design was used in this article. Two nursing education institutions were purposively selected. Structured interviews were conducted with 16 participants. RESULTS The results revealed that the knowledge construction in community service-learning programmes is conceptualised as having specific determinants, including the use of authentic health-related problems, academic coaching through scaffolding, academic discourse-dialogue, interactive learning in communities of learners, active learning, continuous reflection as well as collaborative and inquiry-based learning. Upon completion of an experience, students create and test generated knowledge in different contextual health settings. CONCLUSION It was concluded that knowledge is constructed by students as a result of their interaction with the communities in their socio-cultural context and is mediated by their prior concrete experiences. The implication of this is that students construct knowledge that can be applied in their future work places.
Teenagers' Use of Social Network Websites and Privacy Concerns: A Survey

In the last few years students use the internet services and social network websites daily either at school or at home. Students create profiles, find friends and share with them personal information, thoughts and photos. In this work we have conducted a research, where we studied the relationship of Greek high school students with social networking sites as long as the information they publish and the privacy settings they make. Particular focus was given on gender differences concerning the use of social networking sites as well as their privacy settings.
Chicken gga-miR-19a Targets ZMYND11 and Plays an Important Role in Host Defense against Mycoplasma gallisepticum (HS Strain) Infection

Mycoplasma gallisepticum (MG), one of the most pathogenic Mycoplasmas, can cause chronic respiratory disease (CRD) in chickens. It has been suggested that micro-ribonucleic acids (miRNAs) are involved in microbial pathogenesis. However, little is known about the roles of miRNAs in MG infection. Previously, we found by deep sequencing that gga-miR-19a was significantly up-regulated in the lungs of MG-infected chicken embryos. In this work, we confirmed that gga-miR-19a was up-regulated in both MG-infected chicken embryonic lungs and MG-infected DF-1 (chicken embryo fibroblast) cells. At 72 h post-transfection, we found that the over-expression of gga-miR-19a significantly enhanced the proliferation of MG-infected DF-1 cells by promoting the transition from the G1 phase to the S and G2 phases, while a gga-miR-19a inhibitor repressed the proliferation of MG-infected DF-1 cells by arresting the cell cycle in the G1 phase. Moreover, we found that gga-miR-19a regulated the expression of the host zinc-finger protein, MYND-type containing 11 (ZMYND11), through binding to its 3′ untranslated region (3′-UTR). DAVID analysis revealed that ZMYND11 could negatively regulate the NF-kappaB (NF-κB) signaling pathway in chickens (Gallus gallus). Upon MG infection, gga-miR-19a, NF-κB, MyD88, and TNF-α were all up-regulated, whereas ZMYND11 was down-regulated. The over-expression of gga-miR-19a in the DF-1 cells did not affect the above gene expression patterns, and gga-miR-19a inhibitor repressed the expression of NF-κB, MyD88, and TNF-α, but enhanced the expression of ZMYND11. In conclusion, gga-miR-19a might suppress the expression of ZMYND11 in MG-infected chicken embryonic lungs and DF-1 cells, activate the NF-κB signaling pathway, and promote pro-inflammatory cytokines expression, the cell cycle progression and cell proliferation to defend against MG infection.
Mathematical Structure of Quantum Decision Theory

One of the most complex systems is the human brain whose formalized functioning is characterized by decision theory. We present a "Quantum Decision Theory" of decision-making, based on the mathematical theory of separable Hilbert spaces. This mathematical structure captures the effect of superposition of composite prospects, including many incorporated intentions, which allows us to explain a variety of interesting fallacies and anomalies that have been reported to particularize the decision-making of real human beings. The theory describes entangled decision-making, non-commutativity of subsequent decisions, and intention interference of composite prospects. We demonstrate how the violation of the Savage's sure-thing principle (disjunction effect) can be explained as a result of the interference of intentions, when making decisions under uncertainty. The conjunction fallacy is also explained by the presence of the interference terms. We demonstrate that all known anomalies and paradoxes, documented in the context of classical decision theory, are reducible to just a few mathematical archetypes, all of which allow the finding of straightforward explanations in the frame of the developed quantum approach.
Computational Analysis of Coherence Relations in Dutch

The NWO-programme Modelling textual organisation: coherence and cohesion studies the organisation of text into structural units by means of coherence (discourse relations between clausal and larger textual units) and cohesion (lexico-semantic relations between words in textual units). The programme is organised around two related PhD-projects, focussing on coherence and cohesion, respectively. Both projects rely on the availability of an annotated corpus of Dutch texts. Below, we propose a modification of the first project (on coherence). The original project concentrated on an in depth study of a theoretical issue with practical implications (the structure of discourse relations). In the modified proposal, we emphasize computational issues related to discourse annotation and discourse structure. In particular, we propose a project which studies coherence in Dutch texts, and the mechanisms that are used to establish coherence. We are interested in the following computational research questions:
Recent advances in computational models of natural argument

This article reviews recent advances in the interdisciplinary area lying between artificial intelligence and the theory of argumentation. The article has two distinct foci: first, examining the ways in which argumentation has inspired new models of logical and computational intelligence, and second, exploring how AI techniques have been used and extended to model and handle real world argument in a wide variety of domains including law, education, medicine, and e‐commerce. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Int J Int Syst 22: 1–15, 2007.
Expressive group counseling as a model for increasing self-awareness to reduce trauma symptoms experienced by children in Palestine

The purpose of this study was to test the effectiveness of a time-limited group counseling program based on expressive activities in improving levels of self awareness and reducing PTSD symptoms for children experiencing symptoms of trauma in the West Bank of Palestine. The sample consisted of 30 children who have all experienced significant losses and trauma from Nablus, Palestine ranging from 9-12 years of age. Participants were randomly assigned to either a treatment or control group (15 in each condition). Results demonstrated that using expressive techniques in a counseling group over a 16 week period improved the level of self-awareness and reduced symptoms of PTSD significantly when compared to a no treatment control group. These findings support the implementation of time limited counseling groups using expressive techniques with children in situations of high intensity and multiple exposure trauma. Key words: Group counseling for children, expressive activities, self- awareness, trauma symptoms, Palestine.
Signal-based late residual echo spectral variance estimation

A commonly used technique to attenuate acoustic echo signals in hands-free devices is acoustic echo cancellation (AEC). In practice, the AEC is unable to provide sufficient echo reduction due to system misalignment, modeling errors and the insufficient length of the estimated acoustic echo path. Hence, AEC is usually used in conjunction with one or more postfilters to suppress the remaining echo. For the estimation of the postfilter the residual echo is required. In the past, several approaches have been proposed which estimate the late residual echo spectral variance using the far-end signal and parameters that are obtained from the estimated echo path. In this work, we propose a signal-based algorithm to estimate the parameters. Thus, among other advantages, the postfilter can also be used in combination with acoustic echo suppression.
Norm Varieties and Algebraic Cobordism

We outline briefly results and examples related with the bijectivity of the norm residue homomorphism. We define norm varieties and describe some constructions. We discuss degree formulas which form a major tool to handle norm varieties. Finally we formulate Hubert's 90 for symbols which is the hard part of the bijectivity of the norm residue homomorphism, modulo a theorem of Voevodsky.
Arbitrage free cointegrated models in gas and oil future markets

In this article we present a continuous time model for natural gas and crude oil future prices. Its main feature is the possibility to link both energies in the long term and in the short term. For each energy, the future returns are represented as the sum of volatility functions driven by motions. Under the risk neutral probability, the motions of both energies are correlated Brownian motions while under the historical probability, they are cointegrated by a Vectorial Error Correction Model. Our approach is equivalent to defining the market price of risk. This model is free of arbitrage: thus, it can be used for risk management as well for option pricing issues. Calibration on European market data and numerical simulations illustrate well its behavior.
Blind equalization of MIMO channels

This paper introduces a blind MIMO equalization algorithm for convolutive mixtures. A parametrization of the equalizer is proposed when observations are whitened. From theoretical results, a numerical algorithm is then derived. This algorithm is based on the solution of a polynomial system, which some values of output cumulant multi-correlations enter. Simulations and performance of the numerical algorithm are also included.
Anomalous U(1) vortices and the dilaton

The role of the (dynamical) dilaton in the vortices associated with the spontaneous breaking of an anomalous U(1) from heterotic string theory is examined. We demonstrate how the anomaly (and the coupling to the dilaton and axion) can appear in the Lagrangian and associated field equations as a controlled perturbation about the standard Nielsen-Olesen equations. In such a picture, the additional field equation for the dilaton becomes a series of corrections to a constant dilaton VEV as the anomaly is turned on. In particular we find that even the first nontrivial correction to a constant dilaton generically leads to a (positive) logarithmic divergence of the heterotic dilaton near the vortex core. Since the dilaton field governs the strength of quantum fluctuations in string theory, this runaway behavior implies that anomalous U(1) vortices in string theory are intrinsically quantum mechanical objects.
Distributed Dynamic Spectrum Management Algorithm for Mixed ADSL CO/RT Deployments

This paper investigates the dynamic spectrum management (DSM) problem in mixed asymmetric digital subscriber line (ADSL) CO/RT deployments. A new distributed DSM algorithm is developed with an objective of enlarging the achievable rate region. The results show that the new algorithm achieves significant performance gains over the existing distributed DSM algorithm iterative water-filling (IW). Simulation results also show that the proposed algorithm enlarges the rate region in the upstream transmission of very-high bit-rate digital subscriber lines (VDSL) systems
Toward autonomous disassembling of randomly piled objects with minimal perturbation

Autonomous capabilities for manipulating randomly piled objects may enhance current methods of path planning and open a new field of development for mobile manipulation and Urban Search And Rescue (USAR) robotics. This paper introduces the challenge of achieving such manipulation capabilities and as a first step presents three algorithms, including a proposed novel solution, for the selection of objects to remove from a pile. The proposed algorithm determines a removability rank for each object according to the degree of its encapsulation within other objects. Using the contact vectors of the examined object, it is possible to obtain the motions that will not violate the object's unilateral contact constraints. The removability rank of the object is proportional to the union of all such motions. All algorithms were tested in simulation in full and partial knowledge modes, and evaluated on a physical robot with a simple manipulator and sensor. This work contributes: the introduction of an important autonomous manipulation challenge, the solution of which will be useful in the field of manipulation in general and USAR in particular; a specific novel algorithm for the construction of disassembly plans for piled objects; and an experimental evaluation of three algorithms targeted at such construction.
Clicked phrase document expansion for sponsored search ad retrieval

We present a document expansion approach that uses Conditional Random Field (CRF) segmentation to automatically extract salient phrases from ad titles. We then supplement the ad document with query segments that are probable translations of the document phrases, as learned from a large commercial search engine's click logs. Our approach provides a significant improvement in DCG and interpolated precision and recall on a large set of human labeled query-ad pairs.
Reasonable Python or how to Integrate F-Logic into an Object-Oriented Scripting Language

Python is an object-oriented scripting language known for its ability to support various programming paradigms. In Python one can write procedural, functional, object-oriented, and thanks to metaclasses even aspect-oriented code. Even if some efforts were done to support the last major programming paradigm, logic programming is still not supported in a Python programmer friendly way. In this paper a solution that aims on this target using F-Logic (particularly FLORA-2), which syntax is much more compatible with the Python language than traditional Prolog syntax, is presented. In order to make such an integration useful ZODB (Zope object base) is used to facilitate permanent storage of Python objects, while the FLORA-2 engine built on XSB is used for reasoning facilities. To take advantage of logic programming concepts like facts, rules, variables or queries, special logical Python object are introduced. In the end some examples of usage are shown and future development guidelines are given.
The effects of ERP-implementations on organizational benefits in small and medium-sized enterprises in the Netherlands

In this paper we try to assess the impact of ERP-implementations on the development of organizational benefits, as described by Shang and Seddon (2002) and Eckartz et al. (2009). We assess this impact for Dutch small and medium-sized enterprises, using a small but unique dataset. Several types of organizational benefits (concerning, among others, employee morale and the creation of a common vision among employees) are compared before and after the introduction of an ERP-system in a variety of organizations, taking into account a three-year period, and correcting/controlling for several possibly influential factors in the process (like organizational size, financial health and sectoral differences). We conclude that by and large, organizational benefits did not increase significantly more for organizations that implemented an ERP-system in the last three years than for organizations that did not implement such a system. We can also conclude that organizations that recently implemented an ERP-system did not have significantly lower organizational benefits three years ago than organizations that did not implement such a system. Albeit limited to Dutch SMEs, these results contradict some of the views expressed in the ERP-related literature on the subject.
Is the use of electronic cigarettes while smoking associated with smoking cessation attempts, cessation and reduced cigarette consumption? A survey with a 1‐year follow‐up

Abstract Aims To use a unique longitudinal data set to assess the association between e‐cigarette use while smoking with smoking cessation attempts, cessation and substantial reduction, taking into account frequency of use and key potential confounders. Design Web‐based survey, baseline November/December 2012, 1‐year follow‐up in December 2013. Setting Great Britain. Participants National general population sample of 4064 adult smokers, with 1759 (43%) followed‐up. Measurements Main outcome measures were cessation attempt, cessation and substantial reduction (≥50% from baseline to follow‐up) of cigarettes per day (CPD). In logistic regression models, cessation attempt in the last year (analysis n = 1473) and smoking status (n = 1656) at follow‐up were regressed on to baseline e‐cigarette use (none, non‐daily, daily) while adjusting for baseline socio‐demographics, dependence and nicotine replacement (NRT) use. Substantial reduction (n = 1042) was regressed on to follow‐up e‐cigarette use while adjusting for baseline socio‐demographics and dependence and follow‐up NRT use. Findings Compared with non‐use, daily e‐cigarette use at baseline was associated with increased cessation attempts [odds ratio (OR) = 2.11, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 1.24–3.58, P = 0.006], but not with cessation at follow‐up (OR = 0.62, 95% CI = 0.28–1.37, P = 0.24). Non‐daily use was not associated with cessation attempts or cessation. Daily e‐cigarette use at follow‐up was associated with increased odds of substantial reduction (OR = 2.49, 95% CI = 1.14–5.45, P = 0.02), non‐daily use was not. Conclusions Daily use of e‐cigarettes while smoking appears to be associated with subsequent increases in rates of attempting to stop smoking and reducing smoking, but not with smoking cessation. Non‐daily use of e‐cigarettes while smoking does not appear to be associated with cessation attempts, cessation or reduced smoking.
A Labelling Proposal to Annotate Dialogues

Stochastic models are widely used in some ﬁelds of Language Technology. Dialogue systems are one interesting application in Language Technology. In recent years, the stochastic modelling approach of dialogue systems has gained interest. These stochastic models are estimated from a set of annotated dialogues. The deﬁnition of the set of labels to annotate dialogues is therefore an important issue in the development of stochastic dialogue models. We propose a set of labels, which is composed of three levels, and a set of rules for using them. The application of this labelling to a speciﬁc set of dialogues is reported. The adequacy of the set of labels for stochastic modelling is also demonstrated.