Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Dose-Response Relationship of Neuromuscular Training for Injury Prevention in Youth Athletes: A Meta-Analysis

Background: Youth athletes with intensive sports participation are at an increased risk of sustaining injuries. Neuromuscular training programs reduce sports-related injury risk in this population, however, the dose-response relationship is largely unknown. Thus, the aim of this meta-analysis was to identify the optimal frequency, volume, duration, and period of neuromuscular training to prevent injuries in youth athletes. Methods: Computerized database searches (PubMed, Scopus, SPORTDiscus, The Cochrane Library, PEDro) were conducted in January 2017, with search terms related to youth sports, neuromuscular training, and injury prevention. Eligible trials (i) evaluated a neuromuscular training program; (ii) included youth athletes of 21 years or younger; (iii) had an analytical design (RCTs, quasi-experimental, cohort studies); (iv) contained original data; (v) and provided injury data. Two reviewers independently extracted data and assessed quality of eligible studies. Injury rate ratios (IRRs) for lower extremity injuries were pooled meta-analytically, and moderator analyses examined the effect of training frequency, duration, volume, and period. Results: Data from 16 trials yielded an overall risk reduction of 42% with neuromuscular training (IRR = 0.58, 95%CI 0.47–0.72). Training frequencies of two (IRR = 0.50; 95%CI 0.29–0.86) or three times (IRR = 0.40; 95%CI 0.31–0.53) per week revealed the largest risk reduction, and a weekly training volume of more than 30 min tended to be more effective compared to lower volumes. Programs with 10–15 min (IRR = 0.55; 95%CI 0.42–0.72) session duration produced effects comparable to those with longer session duration (IRR = 0.60; 95%CI 0.46–0.76). Interventions lasting more than 6 months were not superior to shorter programs. Conclusion: This meta-analysis revealed that NMT performed in short bouts of 10–15 min, two to three times per week, with a weekly training volume of 30–60 min had the largest preventive effect for lower extremity injuries in youth athletes. These effects can be achieved within 20–60 sessions and training periods of <6 months. The present results are derived from a relatively small number of studies with heterogeneous methodological quality and should be treated with caution. The study was a priori registered at PROSPERO (CRD42016053473).
Combining Theta Burst Stimulation With Training After Subcortical Stroke

Background and Purpose— Repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation of the primary motor cortex (M1) may improve outcomes after stroke. The aim of this study was to determine the effects of M1 theta burst stimulation (TBS) and standardized motor training on upper-limb function of patients with chronic stroke. Methods— Ten patients with chronic subcortical stroke and upper-limb impairment were recruited to this double-blind, crossover, sham-controlled study. Intermittent TBS of the ipsilesional M1, continuous TBS of the contralesional M1, and sham TBS were delivered in separate sessions in conjunction with standardized training of a precision grip task using the paretic upper limb. Results— Training after real TBS improved paretic-hand grip-lift kinetics, whereas training after sham TBS resulted in deterioration of grip-lift. Ipsilesional M1 excitability increased after intermittent TBS of the ipsilesional M1 but decreased after continuous TBS of the contralesional M1. Action Research Arm Test scores deteriorated when training followed continuous TBS of the contralesional M1, and this was correlated with reduced ipsilesional corticomotor excitability. Conclusions— Generally, TBS and training led to task-specific improvements in grip-lift. Specifically, continuous TBS of the contralesional M1 led to an overall decrement in upper-limb function, indicating that the contralesional hemisphere may play a pivotal role in recovery after stroke.
Game of Zones: how actin-binding proteins organize muscle contraction

ABSTRACT Locomotion of C. elegans requires coordinated, efficient transmission of forces generated on the molecular scale by myosin and actin filaments in myocytes to dense bodies and the hypodermis and cuticle enveloping body wall muscles. The complex organization of the acto-myosin scaffold with its accessory proteins provides a fine-tuned machinery regulated by effectors that guarantees that sarcomere units undergo controlled, reversible cycles of contraction and relaxation. Actin filaments in sarcomeres dynamically undergo polymerization and depolymerization. In a recent study, the actin-binding protein DBN-1, the C. elegans ortholog of human drebrin and drebrin-like proteins, was discovered to stabilize actin in muscle cells. DBN-1 reversibly changes location between actin filaments and myosin-rich regions during muscle contraction. Mutations in DBN-1 result in mislocalization of other actin-binding proteins. Here we discuss implications of this finding for the regulation of sarcomere actin stability and the organization of other actin-binding proteins.
Kv3.1b Is a Novel Component of CNS Nodes

We herein demonstrate that Kv3.1b subunits are present at nodes of Ranvier in the CNS of both rats and mice. Kv3.1b colocalizes with voltage-gated Na+ channels in a subset of nodes in the spinal cord, particularly those of large myelinated axons. Kv3.1b is abundantly expressed in the gray matter of the spinal cord, but does not colocalize with Na+ channels in initial segments. In the PNS, few nodes are Kv3.1b-positive. During the development of the CNS, Kv3.1b clustering at nodes occurs later than that of Na+ channels, but precedes the juxtaparanodal clustering of Kv1.2. Moreover, in myelin-deficient rats, which have severe CNS dysmyelination, node-like clusters of Kv3.1b and Na+ channels are observed even in regions devoid of oligodendrocytes. Ankyrin G coimmunoprecipitates Kv3.1b in vivo, indicating that these two proteins may interact in the CNS at nodes. 4-Aminopyridine, a K+ channel blocker, broadened the compound action potential recorded from adult rat optic nerve and spinal cord, but not from the sciatic nerve. These effects were also observed in Kv3.1-deficient mice. In conclusion, Kv3.1b is the first K+ channel subunit to be identified in CNS nodes; but Kv3.1b does not account for the effects of 4-aminopyridine on central myelinated tracts.
Related Clones Containing SCCmec Type IV Predominate among Clinically Significant Staphylococcus epidermidis Isolates

ABSTRACT SCCmec is a mobile genetic element that carries the gene (mecA) mediating methicillin resistance in staphylococci. For Staphylococcus aureus, four SCCmec types have been described, one (type IV) of which has been associated with newly identified community-acquired methicillin-resistant S. aureus. However, the distribution of SCCmec types among S. epidermidis is not known. SCCmec typing of a collection of 44 methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus epidermidis (MRSE) isolates recovered between 1973 and 1983 from the blood of patients with prosthetic valve endocarditis (PVE) was performed by PCR amplification of key genetic elements (mecA, mecI, IS1272, and ccrAB). Of the 44 isolates, 1 (2%) harbored SCCmec type I, 15 (34%) harbored type II, 12 (28%) harbored type III, and 16 (36%) harbored type IV. The complete nucleotide sequence of SCCmec type IV was determined for 16 isolates and found to be identical in size (24 kb) and 98% homologous to DNA sequences published for S. aureus. Type IV SCCmec was also common (5 of 10 isolates) among a geographically dispersed collection of 10 recent (1998 to 2001) S. epidermidis bloodstream isolates. Multilocus sequence typing (MLST) (using the same seven genes presently employed for S. aureus MLST) of these MRSE isolates and of 10 additional recent geographically dispersed methicillin-susceptible isolates demonstrated that all 16 PVE isolates and 2 of 5 recent isolates harboring type IV SCCmec were in three related clonal groups. All three MSSE PVE isolates recovered from patients between 1976 and 1979 were in the same clonal groups as type IV SCCmec MRSE isolates. These data support the hypothesis of intra- and interspecies transfer of type IV SCCmec and suggest that there are clonal associations in S. epidermidis that correlate with SCCmec type.
On the Cause of Ventricular Asystole during Vagal Stimulation

In anesthetized dogs the vagus nerve was stimulated for 2 min; during the first minute the ventricles were driven at a rate higher than the control sinus rate; after discontinuation of the drive, the duration of asystole was prolonged. When the ventricles were driven at a rate lower than the sinus rate during vagal stimulation the subsequent asystole was shortened. Slowing sinus activity by graded vagal stimulation before maximal vagal stimulation led to a shorter asystole. Driving the ventricles at a rate higher than the sinus node rate before vagal stimulation resulted in longer asystole. In animals with chronic atrioventricular block, “overdriving” the ventricles resulted in subsequent temporary inhibition of ventricular pacemakers. In dogs with atrioventricular block, coronary sinus plasma potassium increased during the period of ventricular overdriving, and the magnitude of the rise was a function of the driving rate. These results support the concept that ventricular asystole results from the suppressive action of the fast rate imposed by the sinus node upon the slowly discharging ventricular pacemakers. Suppression of sinus node activity by the vagus reveals the rate-dependent inhibition of ventricular pacemakers. The mechanism of inhibition may be related to changes in ionic concentration gradients.
Increased expression of microRNA in the inflamed colonic mucosa of patients with active ulcerative colitis

Background and Aims: MicroRNA (miRNA) are endogenous, approximately 22‐nucleotide non‐coding RNA that suppress gene expression at post‐transcriptional levels by binding to the 3′‐untranslated region of specific mRNA targets through base‐pairing. It has been recently reported that miRNA have critical functions in key biological processes such as cell proliferation and cell death in various cancer cells. However, the relationship between intestinal inflammation and miRNA expression remains unclear. In the present study, we used microarray technology to identify miRNA induced in the colonic mucosa of patients with active ulcerative colitis (UC).
Microprocessor Based Sinusoidal PWM Inverter by DMA Transfer

The implementation of three-phase sinusoidal pulse-width-modulated inverter control strategy using microprocessor is discussed in this paper. To save CPU time, the DMA technique is used for transferring the switching pattern from memory to the pulse amplifier and isolation circuits of individual thyristors in the inverter bridge. The method of controlling both voltage and frequency is discussed here.
Distributing entanglement and single photons through an intra-city, free-space quantum channel

Entangled photons are distributed directly through the atmosphere to a receiver station 7.8 km away at night over the city center of Vienna, Austria. Without a time-stable connection, the two stations found coincidence counts in the detection events through the cross-correlation of locally-recorded time stamps shared over a public Internet channel. As such, the sending and receiver stations were completely independent. The polarization correlations contained in the measured time tags are sufficient to convincingly violate a CHSH-Bell inequality and demonstrate entanglement between the two city buildings.
Interoperability of Disease Concepts in Clinical and Research Ontologies: Contrasting Coverage and Structure in the Disease Ontology and SNOMED CT

Objectives To contrast the coverage of diseases between the Disease Ontology (DO) and SNOMED CT, and to compare the hierarchical structure of the two ontologies. Methods We establish a reference list of mappings. We characterize unmapped concepts in DO semantically and structurally. Finally, we compare the hierarchical structure between the two ontologies. Results Overall, 4478 (65%) the 6931 DO concepts are mapped to SNOMED CT. The cancer and neoplasm subtrees of DO account for many of the unmapped concepts. The most frequent differentiae in unmapped concepts include morphology (for cancers and neoplasms), specific subtypes (for rare genetic disorders), and anatomical subtypes. Unmapped concepts usually form subtrees, and less often correspond to isolated leaves or intermediary concepts. Conclusion This detailed analysis of the gaps in coverage and structural differences between DO and SNOMED CT contributes to the interoperability between these two ontologies and will guide further validation of the mapping.
Micro rotary-linear ultrasonic motor for endovascular diagnosis and surgery

We present a micro ultrasonic motor having rotary and linear motions (rotary-linear motor) suitable for endovascular diagnosis and surgery. The rotary-linear motor is miniaturized to the size needed to function in a blood vessel. The stator prototype is a cube of side 3.5 mm, and the main body is fabricated as a single metallic cube with a through-hole. Four piezoelectric elements are bonded to the sides of the stator. When AC voltage at each resonant frequency is applied to the piezoelectric elements, the circumference of the stator generates elliptical motions at each natural frequency. We can obtain the output from a shaft inserted through the hole. We developed the first prototype of the stator using the finite element method (FEM), and experimentally determined the output of the rotary-linear motor. In the rotary sense, approximately 260 rpm and 0.1 mNm were attained at a resonant frequency of 270 kHz, and in the linear sense about 50 mm/s and 0.01 mN was attained at 306 kHz by driving the system at applied voltages of 42 Vrms.
Optimal intervention intensity

Abstract Empirical evidence exists for many of the different interventions in speech-language pathology. However, relatively little is known about the optimal intensity of those interventions. In order for speech-language pathology services to be both effective and efficient speech-language pathologists need to know how to faithfully administer ideal doses of the active ingredients of interventions, in what forms, how often and for how long. This is the lead paper to a scientific forum on this fundamental yet under-studied issue of clinical practice. Borrowing from the work of Warren, Fey, and Yoder, the concept of intervention intensity is described. Issues involved in establishing the optimal intensity of interventions are identified, including what and how intervention goals are targeted. Given that speech-language pathology interventions can involve the delivery of therapeutic inputs (e.g., conversational recasts, questions) and/or clients carrying out an act (e.g., speech production, voice production, comprehending, naming, swallowing), a framework is proposed for measuring all potential inputs and acts that might contribute to the calculation of an intervention intensity. Client-, clinician-, condition-, and service-related variables that could influence the investigation and practical application of an optimal intervention intensity are also discussed.
The prevalence and incidence of hepatitis C virus infections among dialysis patients in the Netherlands: a nationwide prospective study.

A nationwide prospective survey on hepatitis C virus (HCV) infections among dialysis patients in The Netherlands was performed. Patients were recruited from 34 dialysis centers and were tested for antibodies and HCV RNA in 1995 and 1997. Seronegative serum samples were analyzed by reverse-transcriptase polymerase chain reaction in pools. HCV-RNA-positive serum samples were genotyped and were partly sequenced. In the first and second rounds, 67 (2.9%) of 2281 and 76 (3.4%) of 2286 patients were HCV positive, respectively. Of 960 patients with paired serum samples, 35 were HCV positive in both rounds, and 9 HCV-positive cases were newly identified in the second round. The incidence of HCV infection was 0.5 per 100 dialysis years. Phylogenetic analysis revealed clustered sequences that indicated nosocomial transmission. Sixty percent of HCV infections, however, can be attributed to 4 interdependent risk factors (i.e., hemodialysis before 1992, kidney transplantation before 1994, and birth or dialysis in a foreign country). In conclusion, the prevalence of HCV infections in The Netherlands does not decline, and transmission within dialysis units continues. Adequate screening of HCV infections and strict enforcement of universal infection control practices are required.
Fuzzy Adaptive Internal Model Control Schemes for PMSM Speed-Regulation System

In this paper, the speed regulation problem for permanent magnet synchronous motor (PMSM) system under vector control framework is studied. First, a speed regulation scheme based on standard internal model control (IMC) method is designed. For the speed loop, a standard internal model controller is first designed based on a first-order model of PMSM by analyzing the relationship between reference quadrature axis current and speed. For the two current loops, PI algorithms are employed respectively. Second, considering the disadvantages that the standard IMC method is sensitive to control input saturation and may lead to poor speed tracking and load disturbance rejection performances, a modified IMC scheme is developed based on a two-port IMC method, where a feedback control term is added to form a composite control structure. Third, considering the case of large variations of load inertia, two adaptive IMC schemes with two different adaptive laws are proposed. A method based on disturbance observer is adopted to identify the inertia of PMSM and its load. Then a linear adaptive law is developed by analyzing the relationship between the internal model and identified inertia. Considering the control input saturation in practical applications, a fuzzy adaptive law based IMC scheme is developed based on apriori experimental tests and experiences, where a fuzzy inferencer based supervisor is designed to automatically tune the parameter of speed controller according to the identified inertia. The effectiveness of the proposed methods have been verified by Matlab simulation and TMS320F2808 DSP experimental results.
Foreword and Editorial International Journal of Multimedia and Ubiquitous Engineering

Authors of the paper “Modeling Software Platform of Multi-Organization Core Based on Voxels Interpolation Method”, states that the multi-organization modeling technology is widely used in medical field. But there is no application in reservoir cores which correlative study is also rare. In this paper, a new segmentation modeling method of multi-organization core based on labeled voxels interpolation is proposed. Firstly, the surface model of core is constructed by using the image processing technology and surface model reconstructed technology based on the CT images of the core. Then, the tetrahedral model of core is constructed by using constrained Delaunay triangulation algorithm. The information of model elements is obtained through labeling data information and interpolating model information on the tetrahedron model. Finally, the model units of different organization were segmented to organization model with a single attribute of the reservoir core which realized the multi-organization core reconstruction. The visualization and interaction functions of CT images and core models are realized based on the OpenGL technology. The software is good for attempt of multi-organization core modeling which provides data support for the following simulation experiments and finite element analyses.
Nonlinear phase noise in pulse-overlapped transmission based on return-to-zero differential-phase-shift-keying

Pulse-overlapped transmission employing RZ-DPSK is investigated. The nonlinear phase noise from Gordon-Mollenauer effect is reduced, while there exists another noise source resulting from intrachannel FWM. Simulations show superior 40-Gbit/s RZ-PDSK transmission over a NZDSF link
Large Quasi-Tree Drawing: A Neighborhood Based Approach

In this paper, we present an algorithm to lay out a particular class of graphs coming from real case studies: the quasi-tree graph class. Protein and internet mappings projects have shown the interest of devicing dedicated tools for visualizing such graphs. Our method addresses a challenging problem which consists in computing a layout of large graphs (up to hundred of thousands of nodes) that emphasizes their tree-like property in an efficient time. In order to validate our approach, we compare our results on real data to those obtained by well known algorithms.
Prevention of Platelet Glycoprotein IIb/IIIa Activation by 3,4-Methylenedioxy-β-Nitrostyrene, A Novel Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitor

Binding fibrinogen to activated glycoprotein (GP)IIb/IIIa is the final common pathway of platelet aggregation and has become a successful target for antiplatelet therapy. In the present study, we found that a small chemical compound, 3,4-methyl-enedioxy-β-nitrostyrene (MNS), exhibited potent and broad-spectrum inhibitory effects on human platelet aggregation caused by various stimulators. Moreover, addition of MNS to human platelets that had been aggregated by ADP caused a rapid disaggregation. We demonstrated that the antiaggregatory activity of MNS is due to inhibition of GPIIb/IIIa activation by measuring the binding amount of PAC-1 in platelets. In contrast, MNS is not a direct antagonist of GPIIb/IIIa, because MNS did not affect fibrinogen binding to fixed ADP-stimulated platelets. By investigating how MNS inhibits GPIIb/IIIa activation, we found that MNS potently inhibited the activity of tyrosine kinases (Src and Syk) and prevented protein tyrosine phosphorylation and cytoskeletal association of GPIIb/IIIa and talin, but it had no direct effects on protein kinase C, Ca2+ mobilization, Ca2+-dependent enzymes (myosin light chain kinase and calpain), and arachidonic acid metabolism, and it did not affect the cellular levels of cyclic nucleotides. Therefore, MNS represents a new class of tyrosine kinase inhibitor that potently prevents GPIIb/IIIa activation and platelet aggregation without directly affecting other signaling pathways required for platelet activation. Because MNS inhibits GPIIb/IIIa functions in a manner different from GPIIb/IIIa antagonists, this feature may provide a new strategy for treatment of platelet-dependent thrombosis.
A Modular Approach to Promote Creativity and Inspiration in Search

When searching through collections of books or written texts, the efficient yet limiting query paradigm is still the most dominant entry point. Previous work characterizes search processes in various contexts and describes them as integral and closely related to creative endeavours. We revisit this work from a design perspective, proposing guidelines for versatile search interfaces that are based on a modular approach to search. Inspired by aspects of search in physical environments, our recommendations address learning, creativity, inspiration, and pleasure as positive aspects of (book) search. Based on in-depth interviews with library patrons about search practises in physical and digital environments and drawing from previous work on search behaviour, we discuss search patterns as modular constructs consisting of micro-strategies. We illustrate how the structure of these patterns is highly flexible. Much like creative processes, they fluidly evolve based on learning and ideation during search, particularly in physical environments. This modular perspective provides a basis for designing interfaces that facilitate creative approaches to search in digital environments.