Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The outcome and repair integrity of completely arthroscopically repaired large and massive rotator cuff tears.

BACKGROUND The impact of a recurrent defect on the outcome after rotator cuff repair has been controversial. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the functional and anatomic results after arthroscopic repair of large and massive rotator cuff tears with use of ultrasound as an imaging modality to determine the postoperative integrity of the repair. METHODS Eighteen patients who had complete arthroscopic repair of a tear measuring >2 cm in the transverse dimension were evaluated at a minimum of twelve months after surgery and again at two years after surgery. The evaluation consisted of a standardized history and physical examination as well as calculation of the preoperative and postoperative shoulder scores according to the system of the American Shoulder and Elbow Surgeons. The strength of both shoulders was quantitated postoperatively with use of a portable dynamometer. Ultrasound studies were performed with use of an established and validated protocol at a minimum of twelve months after surgery. RESULTS Recurrent tears were seen in seventeen of the eighteen patients. Despite the absence of healing at twelve months after surgery, thirteen patients had an American Shoulder and Elbow Surgeons score of >/=90 points. Sixteen patients had an improvement in the functional outcome score, which increased from an average of 48.3 to 84.6 points. Sixteen patients had a decrease in pain, and twelve had no pain. Although eight patients had preoperative forward elevation to <95 degrees, all eighteen regained motion above shoulder level and had an average of 152 degrees of elevation. At the second evaluation, a minimum of twenty-four months after surgery, the average score, according to the system of the American Shoulder and Elbow Surgeons, had decreased to 79.9 points; only nine patients had a score of >/=90 points, and six patients had a score of </=79 points. The average forward elevation decreased to 142 degrees. CONCLUSIONS Arthroscopic repair of large and massive rotator cuff tears led to a high percentage of recurrent defects. The minimum twelve-month evaluation showed excellent pain relief and improvement in the ability to perform activities of daily living despite the high rate of recurrent defects; however, at a minimum follow-up of two years, the results deteriorated with only twelve patients who had an American Shoulder and Elbow Surgeons score of >/=80.
Analysis and Design of Delay Lines for Dynamic Voltage Scaling Applications

Dynamic voltage scaling of bundled-data asynchronous design has the promise to lead to far more energy efficient systems than traditionally clocked alternatives. However, this approach relies on the development of energy-efficient delay lines, whose delay must track that of the combinational datapath over a wide range of voltages. This paper presents a thorough analysis of the design of such delay lines and describes how sizing affects their delay across different voltages. It proposes a design methodology for minimizing energy consumption subject to delay matching constraints. It then applies this methodology to delay lines that consist of four different delay elements in two different technologies, exploring the underlying trade-offs they present.
Estimating body mass in leatherback turtles Dermochelys coriacea

Body mass is a major life-history trait and provides a scale for all living processes of organisms. Unfortunately body mass cannot be easily measured for many species, because of the logistical difficulties involved in actually catching and weighing them. This is particularly true for sea turtles, which are large vertebrates that spend most of their life at sea. Here, we developed a general linear model to predict body mass from 17 morphometric measurements obtained from 49 leatherback turtles Dermochelys coriacea nesting on Awala Yalimapo beach, French Guiana, South America. A stepwise backward analysis removing independent parameters with p > 0.001 indicated that body mass can be estimated with 93% accuracy by body mass (kg) = -709.146 + 3.391 Median- BodyCirc (cm) + 2.664SCCL (cm), where SCCL is the standard curvilinear carapace length and Medi- anBodyCirc is body circumference at half of SCCL. A sensibility test showed that this parsimonious model is robust, as estimated body mass may change by 0.7 to 1.3% for 1 to 2 cm changes in SCCL and by 0.9 to 1.7% for 1 to 2 cm changes in circumference. Leatherback turtles from French Guiana were larger and heavier than at all other nesting sites studied so far, suggesting either that gravid leatherbacks feed during the nesting season in French Guiana and/or that this species may exhibit site-specific growth strategies. Further studies are required to test these hypotheses, including imple- mentation of similar simple models for other nesting populations, in order to better understand the life history of this endangered species.
Transmural Variation in Autoregulation of Coronary Blood Flow in Hyperperfused Canine Myocardium

We assessed transmurally the coronary autoregulatory response to elevated perfusion pressure in 85 anesthetized, open-chest dogs. Steady state and transient flow distributions were measured with 9 ± 1 /im radioactive microspheres. Steady state distributions of myocardial blood flow were uniform transmurally (P > 0.05) at perfusion pressures of 103 ± 1 (n= 81) and 146 ± 2 (n= 34) mm Hg, whereas Endo:Epi ratios of 1.26 ± 0.05 and 1.51 ± 0.07 at perfusion pressures of 194 ± 1 (n= 60) and 221 ± 3 (n = 14) mm Hg, respectively, indicated progressive redistribution (P < 0.05) of flow toward subendocardium. As perfusion pressure was increased, autoregulation failed first in subendo-cardium. At high perfusion pressures, subendocardial flow exceeded subepicardial flow (P < 0.05) whether or not subepicardial flow was autoregulated. The initial, transient response to elevation of coronary perfusion pressure from 99 ± 1 to 145 ± 2 (n = 5) mm Hg was an increase (P< 0.05) in Endo: Epi ratio from 1.05 ± 0.06 to 1.30 ± 0.06. By 2 minutes this ratio had returned to near control. In contrast, the initial Endo:Epi ratio of 1.32 ± 0.05 caused by elevation of perfusion pressure to 190 ± 5 (n = 6) mm Hg did not wane (P > 0.05). A selective increase in subendocardial oxygen demand could not explain greater subendocardial flow since (1) elevated perfusion pressure had no effect on aortic and left ventricular pressures, cardiac output, and heart rate, (2) left ventricular oxygen consumption was constant in the presence of preferential subendocardial perfusion, (3) regional myocardial oxygen tension increased in parallel with blood flow to subepicardium and subendocardium. Also, elevated perfusion pressure caused a greater steady state increase in subendocardial flow in four empty, nonworking hearts. The results demonstrate transmural variation in coronary autoregulatory poten-tial; the subepicardial vasculature appears better adapted to autoregulate blood flow at elevated perfusion pressures. Circ Res 47: 599-609, 1980
Mid‐ to late term hypoxia in the mouse alters placental morphology, glucocorticoid regulatory pathways and nutrient transporters in a sex‐specific manner

Maternal hypoxia is a common perturbation that may impair fetal development and programme sex specific disease outcomes in offspring. There is growing interest in the role of the placenta in mediating the effects of maternal hypoxia on fetal development, particularly in late gestation during maximal fetal growth. Multiple mechanisms have been proposed to play a role in hypoxia induced impairment of placental development. Here we investigated the role of glucocorticoids and glucose regulation. This study shows that fetal sex determines placental adaptations to maternal hypoxia: while maternal hypoxia increased maternal glucose and corticosterone levels in both sexes, placental adaptations to impaired maternal physiology were more evident in female fetuses, in which factors responsible for the regulation of glucocorticoids and nutrient transport were most severely affected by maternal hypoxia.
A Fuzzy Interval based Approach for Handling Conflicts in AORE

AORE, a conflict occurs when two or more crosscutting concerns i.e aspects having the same priority contribute negatively to each other, need to be composed in the same match point. Conflict resolution is a process that establishes a critical trade-off among such kind of aspects. So, the conflict resolution process is a compulsory process and need to achieve it. Over the last few years, several research efforts have been devoted to resolve conflict in AORE but, still a lot of work is needed. The use of fuzzy logic to conflict resolution is an emerging area that will incorporate one domain in other. In this paper, an attempt is made to apply fuzzy logic for the conflict resolution in AORE.
Timestamp Based Execution Control for C and Java Programs

Many programmers have had to deal with an overwritten variable resulting for example from an aliasing problem. The culprit is obviously the last write-access to that memory location before the manifestation of the bug. The usual technique for removing such bugs starts with the debugger by (1) finding the last write and (2) moving the control point of execution back to that time by re-executing the program from the beginning. We wish to automate this. Step (2) is easy if we can somehow mark the last write found in step (1) and control the execution-point to move it back to this time. In this paper we propose a new concept, position, that is, a point in the program execution trace, as needed for step (2) above. The position enables debuggers to automate the control of program execution to support common debugging activities. We have implemented position in C by modifying GCC and in Java with a bytecode transformer. Measurements show that position can be provided with an acceptable amount of overhead.
Upper and Lower Limb Muscles in Patients With COPD: Similarities in Muscle Efficiency But Differences in Fatigue Resistance

BACKGROUND: Peripheral muscle dysfunction is a common finding in patients with COPD; however, the structural adaptation and functional impairment of the upper and lower limb muscles do not seem to be homogenous. We compared muscle fatigue and recovery time between 2 representative muscles: the middle deltoid and the quadriceps femoris. METHODS: Twenty-one subjects with COPD (FEV1 46.1 ± 10.3% of predicted) underwent maximal voluntary isometric contraction and an endurance test (60% of maximal voluntary isometric contraction, to the limit of tolerance). The maximal voluntary isometric contraction test was repeated after 10 min, 30 min, 60 min, and 24 hours for both the quadriceps femoris and middle deltoid. Surface electromyography was recorded throughout the endurance test. RESULTS: Maximal voluntary isometric contraction significantly decreased only for the middle deltoid between 10 and 60 min after the endurance test. A significant increase of the root mean square and a greater decline in median frequency throughout the endurance test occurred for the middle deltoid, compared with the quadriceps femoris. When dyspnea and fatigue scores were corrected by endurance time, higher values were observed for the middle deltoid (0.07 and 0.08, respectively) in relation to the quadriceps femoris (0.02 and 0.03, respectively). CONCLUSIONS: Subjects with COPD had a higher fatigability of a representative upper limb muscle (middle deltoid) than a lower limb muscle (quadriceps femoris).
Effect of Chronic Escitalopram versus Placebo on Personality Traits in Healthy First-Degree Relatives of Patients with Depression: A Randomized Trial

Introduction The serotonergic neurotransmitter system is closely linked to depression and personality traits. It is not known if selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRI) have an effect on neuroticism that is independent of their effect on depression. Healthy individuals with a genetic liability for depression represent a group of particular interest when investigating if intervention with SSRIs affects personality. The present trial is the first to test the hypothesis that escitalopram may reduce neuroticism in healthy first-degree relatives of patients with major depressive disorder (MD). Methods The trial used a randomized, blinded, placebo-controlled parallel-group design. We examined the effect of four weeks escitalopram 10 mg daily versus matching placebo on personality in 80 people who had a biological parent or sibling with a history of MD. The outcome measure on personality traits was change in self-reported neuroticism scores on the Revised Neuroticism-Extroversion-Openness-Personality Inventory (NEO-PI-R) and the Eysenck Personality Inventory (EPQ) from entry until end of four weeks of intervention. Results When compared with placebo, escitalopram did not significantly affect self-reported NEO-PI-R and EPQ neuroticism and extroversion, EPQ psychoticism, NEO-PI-R openness, or NEO-PI-R conscientiousness (p all above 0.05). However, escitalopram increased NEO-PI-R agreeableness scores significantly compared with placebo (mean; SD) (2.38; 8.09) versus (−1.32; 7.94), p = 0.046), but not following correction for multiplicity. A trend was shown for increased conscientiousness (p = 0.07). There was no significant effect on subclinical depressive symptoms (p = 0.6). Conclusion In healthy first-degree relatives of patients with MD, there is no effect of escitalopram on neuroticism, but it is possible that escitalopram may increase the personality traits of agreeableness and conscientiousness. Trial Registration Clinicaltrials.gov NCT00386841
Opinion Expression Mining by Exploiting Keyphrase Extraction

In this paper, we shall introduce a system for extracting the keyphrases for the reason of authors’ opinion from product reviews. The datasets for two fairly different product review domains related to movies and mobile phones were constructed semiautomatically based on the pros and cons entered by the authors. The system illustrates that the classic supervised keyphrase extraction approach – mostly used for scientific genre previously – could be adapted for opinion-related keyphrases. Besides adapting the original framework to this special task through defining novel, taskspecific features, an efficient way of representing keyphrase candidates will be demonstrated as well. The paper also provides a comparison of the effectiveness of the standard keyphrase extraction features and that of the system designed for the special task of opinion expression mining.
Education as a Predictor of Chronic Periodontitis: A Systematic Review with Meta-Analysis Population-Based Studies

Background The impact of socioeconomic inequalities on health is well-documented. Despite the links of periodontal disease with cardiovascular diseases, adverse pregnancy outcomes and diabetes, no meta-analysis of socioeconomic variations in periodontal disease exists. This meta-analytic review was conducted to determine the extent to which education attainment influences risk of periodontitis in adults aged 35+ years in the general population. Methods The authors searched studies published until November 2010 using EMBASE and MEDLINE databases. References listed were then scrutinised, our own files were checked, and, finally, we contacted experts in the field. The authors included only general population-based studies conducted in adults aged 35 years and more. All articles were blind reviewed by two investigators. In the case of disagreement, a third investigator arbitrated. Using PRISMA statement, two reviewers independently extracted papers of interest. Results Relative to the higher education group, people with low education attainment experience a greater risk of periodontitis (OR: 1.86 [1.66–2.10]; p<0.00001). The association was partially attenuated after adjustment for covariates (OR: 1.55 [1.30–1.86]; p<0.00001). Sensitivity analyses showed that methods used to assess periodontitis, definition of cases, study country and categorization of education are largely responsible for the heterogeneity between studies. No significant bias of publication was shown using both the Egger (p = 0.16) and rank correlation tests (p = 0.35). Conclusions In the studies reviewed, low educational attainment was associated with an increased risk of periodontitis. Although this evidence should be cautiously interpreted due to methodological problems in selected studies, efforts to eliminate educational inequalities in periodontitis should focus on early life interventions.
A fast adaptive guided filtering algorithm for light field depth interpolation

Light field camera provides 4D information of the light rays, from which the scene depth information can be inferred. The disparity/depth maps calculated from light field data are always noisy with missing and false entries in homogeneous regions or areas where view-dependant effects are present. In this paper we proposed an adaptive guided filtering (AGF) algorithm to get an optimized output disparity/depth map. A guidance image is used to provide the image contour and texture information, the filter is able to preserve the disparity edges, smooth the regions without influence of the image texture, and reject the data entries with low confidence during coefficients regression. Experiment shows AGF is much faster in implementation as compared to other variational or hierarchical based optimization algorithms, and produces competitive visual results.
Selective Molecular Potassium Channel Blockade Prevents Atrial Fibrillation

Background— Safety and efficacy limit currently available atrial fibrillation (AF) therapies. We hypothesized that atrial gene transfer would allow focal manipulation of atrial electrophysiology and, by eliminating reentry, would prevent AF. Methods and Results— In a porcine AF model, we compared control animals to animals receiving adenovirus that encoded KCNH2-G628S, a dominant negative mutant of the IKr potassium channel &agr;-subunit (G628S animals). After epicardial atrial gene transfer and pacemaker implantation for burst atrial pacing, animals were evaluated daily for cardiac rhythm. Electrophysiological and molecular studies were performed at baseline and when animals were euthanized on either postoperative day 7 or 21. By day 10, none of the control animals and all of the G628S animals were in sinus rhythm. After day 10, the percentage of G628S animals in sinus rhythm gradually declined until all animals were in AF by day 21. The relative risk of AF throughout the study was 0.44 (95% confidence interval 0.33 to 0.59, P<0.01) among the G628S group versus controls. Atrial monophasic action potential was considerably longer in G628S animals than in controls at day 7, and KCNH2 protein levels were 61% higher in the G628S group than in control animals (P<0.01). Loss of gene expression at day 21 correlated with loss of action potential prolongation and therapeutic efficacy. Conclusions— Gene therapy with KCNH2-G628S eliminated AF by prolonging atrial action potential duration. The effect duration correlated with transgene expression.
Relaxed conditions can provide memory cues in both undergraduates and primary school children.

BACKGROUND Memory can be impaired by changes between the contexts of learning and retrieval (context-dependent memory, CDM). However, the reminder properties of context have usually been investigated by experimental manipulation of cues in isolation, underestimating CDM that results from interactions between cues. AIMS To test whether CDM can be demonstrated using multiple contextual cues combined to create relaxing versus neutral contexts at separate learning and memory testing stages of the experiments. SAMPLE Forty university undergraduates (in Experiment 1), and forty 9-10 year-olds (in Experiment 2). METHODS All participants were given age-appropriate tasks under either relaxing or neutral conditions. The next day they were tested for retrieval or practice effects, under the same or different (relaxing versus neutral) conditions. RESULTS For both age groups, there was a (mostly asymmetric) CDM effect with performance generally best in the relaxing-relaxing condition. There was also some overall benefit of having learned under relaxed conditions. CONCLUSION A relaxed learning environment can provide effective retrieval cues, as well as improve learning. COMMENT For both primary school children and university students, the educational implication of these findings is that learning can be improved in a relaxed state. For this benefit to be fully manifest, the assessment of learning should also take place under relaxed conditions.
Productivity and Real Wages: Is There a Puzzle?

IN RECENT PUBLIC DISCUSSION of labor income in the United States, considerable concern has been voiced that real wages are not keeping up with productivity growth (or are declining), that sharply rising fringe benefit costs are undermining gains in take-home pay, and that workers in other countries are enjoying better pay increases than U.S. workers. Two frequently cited measures published by the Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS), which are shown in figure 1, highlight some of these concerns. The first measure-the growth in real hourly compensation in the nonfarm business sector-has slowed to 0.4 percent a year from 2.4 percent a year over the 1960-73 period. Meanwhile, hourly output per worker has grown at 0.9 percent a year-noticeably faster than hourly compensation, although down considerably from its 1960-73 annual growth rate of 2.5 percent. In an economy where real wage growth has paralleled the rise in productivity over the long run, this apparent divergence implies that the benefits of increased productivity have not been distributed in the expected way over the past two decades. The second BLS measure-real hourly earnings of nonsupervisory employees-excludes employer payments for pension, health care, employment taxes, and other nonwage costs that are counted in real hourly
Graphlet decomposition of a weighted network

We introduce the graphlet decomposition of a weighted network, which encodes a notion of social information based on social structure. We develop a scalable inference algorithm, which combines EM with Bron-Kerbosch in a novel fashion, for estimating the parameters of the model underlying graphlets using one network sample. We explore some theoretical properties of the graphlet decomposition, including computational complexity, redundancy and expected accuracy. We demonstrate graphlets on synthetic and real data. We analyze messaging patterns on Facebook and criminal associations in the 19th century.
Strong enhancement of transport by interaction on contact links

Strong repulsive interactions within a one-dimensional Fermi system in a two-probe configuration normally lead to a reduced off-resonance conductance. We show that if the repulsive interaction extends to the contact regions, a strong increase of the conductance may occur, even for systems where one would expect to find a reduced conductance. An essential ingredient in our calculations is a momentum-space representation of the leads, which allows a high energy resolution. Furthermore, we demonstrate that these results are independent of the high-energy cutoff and that the relevant scale is set by the Fermi velocity.