Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Emotion-Focused Therapy in the Treatment of Eating Disorders

The role of affect in the pathogenesis, maintenance, and relapse of eating disorders is unequivocal. “Emotional disturbances” (BRUCH, 1978) have long been recognized as underlying these disorders, and affect has been implicated in triggering eating disorder symptoms (JOHNSON & LARSON, 1982; WILSON & VITOUSEK, 1999). Body image disparagement, or the self-loathing directed toward the body, physical appearance, and weight and shape, is understood as the displacement of negative affect onto the body. Attempting to control and change the body can then be understood as an attempt to render feelings amenable to control and change (KEARNEY-COOKE & STRIEGEL-MOORE, 1997). These individuals present with significant impairment in affective functioning. Alexithymia, or the inability to identify and label accurately affective experience, and emotion-processing deficits, characterize the population (BECKER-STOLL & GERLINGHOFF, 2004; BYDLOWSKI ET AL., 2005). A central function of the eating disorder can be understood as an attempt to control affect (COCKELL, GELLER, & LINDEN, 2002; TREASURE, SCHMIDT, & TROOP, 2000; VITOUSEK, WATSON, & WILSON, 1998). 06 Eating/DolhantyK 26.11. 2007 14:51 Uhr Seite 97
Fabrication and Characterization of Electrochemical Glucose Sensors

Electrochemical sensors based on the nanostructure of the semiconductor materials are of tremendous interest to be utilized for glucose monitoring. The sensors, based on the nanostructure of the semiconductor materials, are the third generations of the glucose sensors that are fast, sensitive, and cost-effect for glucose monitoring. Glucose sensors based on pure zinc oxide nanorods (NRs) grown on different substrates, such ITO, FTO, and Si/SiO2/Au, were investigated in this research. Silicon nanowire (NW)based glucose sensors were also studied. First, an enzyme-based glucose sensor was fabricated out of glass/ITO/ZnO NRs/BSA/GOx/nafion membrane. The sensor was tested amperometrically at different glucose concentrations. The device showed a high sensitivity and a lower limit of detection in the order of 10.911 mA/cm 2 mM and 0.22 μM, respectively. In addition, the device exhibited a fast and a sharp amperometric time response of ~3 s with different glucose concentrations. The high surface-to-volume ratio provided by the ZnO NRs was investigated by characterizing the sensor with and without the ZnO NRs grown on Si/SiO2/Au substrates. The sensor showed almost a negligible amperometric response to the changes in the glucose concentrations without ZnO NRs. After applying the ZnO NRs, the sensor exhibited a linear response to the glucose concentrations from 1-8 mM. Furthermore, very clear oxidation peaks were observed at the scan rates of 100 and 200 mV/s in the presence of 2 mM of the glucose. The device showed no dependency on different scan rates without applying the ZnO NRs. An enzyme-free glucose sensor was fabricated based on ZnO NRs grown on FTO and modified with Fe2O3. The device showed a high sensitivity and a wide amperometric linear response on the order of 0.052 μA/cm 2 and from 100-400 mg/dL, respectively. Reactive ion etching and nanosphere lithography methods were utilized to grow the Si NWs vertically on top of a silicon wafer. The sensor showed a high linearity from 1-9 mM for changes in glucose concentrations. In addition, the high surface-to-volume ratio provided by the Si NWs helped in adsorbing higher concentrations of the enzyme.
APPLYING EFFICIENT COMPUTATION OF THE MASS MATRIX FOR DECOUPLING CONTROL OF COMPLEX PARALLEL MANIPULATORS

Abstract Most challenging aspects in the control of complex parallel mechanisms or robotic manipulators is how to deal with the high system nonlinearity and with the coupled dynamics. These aspects can be satisfied by integrating the pose dependent inertia or mass matrix into the control scheme. To satisfy the requirements of real-time application, this paper presents a high efficient method to compute the mass matrix of arbitrarily complex parallel manipulators. Model simplification become dispensable, which leads necessarily to the improvement of control accuracy.
Spatial Power Combining and Splitting in Gap Waveguide Technology

A single-layer spatial power splitter-combiner structure is packaged in gap waveguide technology. The measured metal-only back-to-back structure features an average insertion loss less than 2.3 dB and a return loss larger than 10 to 20 dB over the entire 75-110 GHz W-band. The design procedure is outlined and the measured and simulated results are shown to be in good agreement. The structure can be used as a stand-alone power splitter and/or combiner (single-mode, all-excited in-phase channels), a quasi-optical beamformer to excite an array of slot antennas in the top ground plane by ridge gap waveguides, or as a back-to-back RF component in grid amplifier designs.
High-resolution computed tomography with single-slice computed tomography and 16-channel multidetector computed tomography: a comparison regarding visibility and motion artifacts

Background: High-resolution computed tomography is the image procedure of choice in the evaluation of interstitial lung disease. Multidetector-row computed tomography provides the possibility of simultaneous reconstruction of thin and thick slices from the same raw data, acquired from one single series. Thus, it may be tempting to exclude the step-and-shoot series. Purpose: To compare high-resolution computed tomography (HRCT step-and-shoot) from single-slice CT (SSCT) and 16-channel multidetector CT (MDCT) in terms of visibility and motion artifacts, and to investigate whether thin images reconstructed from helical MDCT are equal to or better than conventional HRCT by SSCT in terms of visibility and motion artifacts. Material and Methods: 20 patients underwent HRCT step-and-shoot by SSCT (SSCT step-and-shoot) and MDCT (MDCT step-and-shoot), and a helical MDCT acquisition (MDCT helical). Images from four anatomical levels were analyzed in random order regarding visibility and motion artifacts. Results: Visibility using MDCT step-and-shoot was significantly better than or equal to SSCT step-and-shoot for segmental bronchi and fissures, but not for subsegmental bronchi. For MDCT helical, visibility was equal to or better than SSCT step-and-shoot for segmental bronchi, but not for fissures and subsegmental bronchi. Concerning motion artifacts, MDCT step-and-shoot and MDCT helical were significantly better than or equal to SSCT step-and-shoot. Conclusion: The image quality (accounting for motion artifacts and visibility) of SSCT step-and-shoot and MDCT step-and-shoot is comparable. The visibility of anatomic structures in images from MDCT helical is inferior to HRCT step-and-shoot.
Robustness Against the Decision-Maker's Attitude to Risk in Problems With Conflicting Objectives

In multiobjective optimization problems (MOPs), the Pareto set consists of efficient solutions that represent the best trade-offs between the conflicting objectives. Many forms of uncertainty affect the MOP, including uncertainty in the decision variables, parameters or objectives. A source of uncertainty that is not studied in the evolutionary multiobjective optimization (EMO) literature is the decision-maker's attitude to risk (DMAR) even though it has great significance in real-world applications. Often the decision-makers change over the course of the decision-making process and thus, some relevant information about preferences of future decision-makers is unknown at the time a decision is made. This poses a major risk to organizations because a new decision-maker may simply reject a decision that has been made previously. When an EMO technique attempts to generate the set of nondominated solutions for a problem, then DMAR-related uncertainty needs to be reduced. Solutions generated by an EMO technique should be robust against perturbations caused by the DMAR. In this paper, we focus on the DMAR as a source of uncertainty and present two new types of robustness in MOP. In the first type, dominance robustness (DR), the robust Pareto solutions are those which, if perturbed, would have a high chance to move to another Pareto solution. In the second type, preference robustness (PR), the robust Pareto solutions are those that are close to each other in configuration space. Dominance robustness captures the ability of a solution to move along the Pareto optimal front under some perturbative variation in the decision space, while PR captures the ability of a solution to produce a smooth transition (in the decision variable space) to its neighbors (defined in the objective space). We propose methods to quantify these robustness concepts, modify existing EMO techniques to capture robustness against the DMAR, and present test problems to examine both DR and PR.
Opus: University of Bath Online Publication Store Running Head: Modelling Password Use Rational Security: Modelling Everyday Password Use

Changes resulting from the publishing process, such as peer review, editing, corrections, structural formatting, and other quality control mechanisms may not be reflected in this document. Changes may have been made to this work since it was submitted for publication. A definitive version was subsequently published in Journal of Human-This version is made available in accordance with publisher policies. Please cite only the published version using the reference above. Abstract To inform the design of security policy, task models of password behaviour were constructed for different user groups – Computer Scientists, Administrative Staff and Students. These models identified internal and external constraints on user behaviour and the goals for password use within each group. Data were drawn from interviews and diaries of password use. Analyses indicated password security positively correlated with the sensitivity of the task, differences in frequency of password use were related to password security and patterns of password reuse were related to knowledge of security. Modelling revealed Computer Scientists viewed information security as part of their tasks and passwords provided a way of completing their work. By contrast, Admin and Student groups viewed passwords as a cost incurred when accessing the primary task. Differences between the models were related to differences in password security and used to suggest six recommendations for security officers to consider when setting password policy.
Expression Subspace Projection for Face Recognition from Single Sample per Person

Discriminant analysis methods are powerful tools in face recognition. However, these methods are not applicable under the single sample per person scenario because the within-subject variability cannot be estimated in this case. In the generic learning solution, this variability is estimated using images of a generic training set, for which more than one sample per person is available. However, because of rather poor estimation of the within-subject variability using a generic set, the performance of discriminant analysis methods is yet to be satisfactory. This is particularly the case when images are under drastic facial expression variation. In this paper, we show that images with the same expression are located on a common subspace, which here we call it the expression subspace. We show that by projecting an image with an arbitrary expression into the expression subspaces, we can synthesize new expression images. By means of the synthesized images for subjects with one image sample, we can obtain more accurate estimation of the within-subject variability and achieve significant improvement in recognition. We performed comprehensive experiments on two large face databases: the Face Recognition Grand Challenge and the Cohn-Kanade AUCoded Facial Expression database to support the proposed methodology.
Seven essential questions on G-quadruplexes

Abstract The helical duplex architecture of DNA was discovered by Francis Crick and James Watson in 1951 and is well known and understood. However, nucleic acids can also adopt alternative structural conformations that are less familiar, although no less biologically relevant, such as the G-quadruplex. G-quadruplexes continue to be the subject of a rapidly expanding area of research, owing to their significant potential as therapeutic targets and their unique biophysical properties. This review begins by focusing on G-quadruplex structure, elucidating the intermolecular and intramolecular interactions underlying its formation and highlighting several substructural variants. A variety of methods used to characterize these structures are also outlined. The current state of G-quadruplex research is then addressed by proffering seven pertinent questions for discussion. This review concludes with an overview of possible directions for future research trajectories in this exciting and relevant field.
Decentralized Transmit Beamforming scheme for interference coordination in small cell networks

To cope with the growing demand of mobile data in hot spot areas of wireless networks, the use of massive small cell deployments with universal frequency reuse is essential. Such an aggressive reuse of spectral resources increases the level of co-channel interference, and calls for advanced multi-cell interference coordination techniques to capitalize cell densification gains. One option to address this problem is to use multiple antennas at the Base Stations (BSs), and implement Transmit Beamforming (TBF) to coordinate the interference generated to neighboring cells. A small cell BS should be low-cost by definition, and should be designed to serve typically a small number of Mobile Stations (MSs). Accordingly, we consider that each BS uses the same TBF vector to communicate with its associated MSs in the whole frequency band, and that the optimal TBF vector is determined utilizing a cooperative decentralized scheme. The proposed scheme seeks the maximization of a global utility function of the whole Small Cell Network (SCN), and relies solely on the exchange of low-rate signaling information among neighboring cells. As expected, the gain of the proposed cooperative TBF scheme increases as the number of MSs per cell decreases. A similar behavior is observed when the number of cooperative BSs per cell cluster grows. Thus, the proposed scheme seems to be applicable to SCNs with notable performance gains.
Species Community Structure and Functional Redundancy in Swedish Headwater Streams

Streams and rivers only contain a small proportion of the Earth's freshwater, but nevertheless harbour much biodiversity. Headwater streams are the most prevalent running water environments, but despite their wide distribution, they are often excluded from important freshwater legislation and national monitoring programmes. This thesis investigated biodiversity patterns of benthic macroinvertebrates and diatoms in headwater streams and the relative importance of local and regional control of community structure. Functional redundancy (i.e. the relative resilience) of a headwater catchment was also assessed. Alpha and beta diversity made significant contributions to the gamma diversity of the investigated headwaters. Local control of community structure peaked in first order streams and at small spatial extents. Also, biological predictors were able to detect additional local control of diatom assemblage structure. Regional control of community structure was less consistent, and depended on macroinvertebrate dispersal abilities and diatom growth form and size. System-specific spatial variables were also able to detect additional regional control of macroinvertebrate assemblage structure. Results indicated low functional redundancy, and that community structure within invertebrate functional feeding groups was, with a few exceptions, the result of both local and regional control. I conclude that we are likely to underestimate biological assets (including both alpha and beta diversity) if headwater streams are not included in bioassessment and management programmes. The conservation of this diversity is likely to be most effective when management targets environmental conditions across multiple local sites within relatively small catchments. However, as regional control was detected at both small and large spatial scales, it is important to manage regional conditions (e.g. landscape connectivity), in addition to local site conditions, irrespective of the scale targeted by management. This is especially important because conservation of headwater functions (in addition to biodiversity) is likely dependent on both. Finally, we can increase the accuracy and performance of predictive models by including additional local and regional predictors which are specific to the system and organism studied.
Helicobacter pylori and two ultrastructurally distinct layers of gastric mucous cell mucins in the surface mucous gel layer

BACKGROUND AND AIMS Helicobacter pylori locate not only on the apical surface of surface mucous cells but also in the mucous gel layer covering the gastric mucosa. The present study was undertaken to observe the mucous gel layer itself and any H pylori in this layer at the electron microscopic level, and to determine whether H pylori proliferate in this layer. METHODS We examined resected human stomachs (five cases, fixed in Carnoy's solution, paraffin embedded) under the light microscope, and gastric biopsy specimens (10 cases, fixed in glutaraldehyde with or without osmium, epoxy embedded) under the electron microscope. We performed histochemical staining for gastric mucins and immunostaining forH pylori, gastric gland mucous type mucins, and intestinal mucins. RESULTS Under the electron microscope, surface mucous cell type mucins and gland mucous cell type mucins in the mucous gel layer covering gastric mucosa without intestinal metaplasia showed reticular and band like structures, respectively. H pylori were frequently found as small aggregates within the mucous gel layer of surface mucous cell type mucins, and H pyloriwithin these aggregates were seen dividing.H pylori were frequently found in the mucous gel layer of the surface mucous cell type mucins along the border with the layer of gland mucous cell mucins. Occasionally, H pylori were trapped by frayed thin threads of the gland mucous cell type mucins. CONCLUSIONS The two types of gastric mucins in the mucous gel layer differ in ultrastructure. H pylori preferentially colonise and form microcolonies within the mucous gel layer of surface mucous cell type mucins. Mucins from gland mucous cells may disturb the movement of H pylori within the mucous gel layer.
PaRS: Fast and near-optimal grid-based cell sizing for library-based design

We propose PaRS, a parallel and randomized tool which solves the discrete gate sizing (cell sizing) problem on a grid. PaRS is formulated based on an optimization framework known as Nested Partitions which uses parallelism and randomization from a novel perspective to better identify the optimization direction. It achieves near-optimal solutions for minimizing total power and area subject to meeting a delay constraint. The embarrassingly-parallel nature of PaRS makes it highly efficient. We show small algorithm run-times, in at most minutes for circuits with over 47,000 cells. We make comparison with the optimal solution generated by a custom and parallel branch-and-bound algorithm. Consequently, we are able to generate the optimal solution within hours. While the optimal algorithm uses up to 200 nodes in our grid, PaRS achieves its speedups and near-optimal solutions using only 20 nodes.
Role of apoptosis in the immune system.

Apoptosis is becoming recognized as a fundamental component of the immune system, i.e., in its development and its regulation. It is involved in many diverse areas that fall into two broad categories: firstly, the development and shaping of the immune receptor repertoire and, secondly, immune effector mechanisms. We have employed several model systems for analysing the development of the immune system, e.g., haemopoietic progenitor cell development and thymocyte development and selection, as well as the role of apoptosis in CD4+ T-cell-mediated cytotoxicity. These studies have helped illustrate the fundamental role of active cell death in the physiological functioning of the immune system. Failure of such a fundamental process would be expected to have serious consequences and we have been particularly involved in analysing the role of inappropriate suppression of apoptosis by the BCL2 family of genes both in oncogenesis in the immune system and in the development of cancer cell resistance to therapy. It seems likely that this is only one of many mechanisms by which apoptosis may be disrupted with pathological consequences.
Bisimulation up-to techniques for psi-calculi

Psi-calculi is a parametric framework for process calculi similar to popular pi-calculus extensions such as the explicit fusion calculus, the applied pi-calculus and the spi calculus. Remarkably, machine-checked proofs of standard algebraic and congruence properties of bisimilarity apply to all calculi within the framework. Bisimulation up-to techniques are methods for reducing the size of relations needed in bisimulation proofs. In this paper, we show how these bisimulation proof methods can be adapted to psi-calculi. We formalise all our definitions and theorems in Nominal Isabelle, and show examples where the use of up to-techniques yields drastically simplified proofs of known results. We also prove new structural laws about the replication operator.
Bayesian approach to design optimization of electromagnetic systems under uncertainty

Bayesian optimization approach to electromagnetic design under uncertainty is addressed. Latin hypercube sampling is used as experimental design criterion for initial set of samples. This set of training samples is used in order to build a suitable surrogate model and also to estimate observed noise variance strongly affecting simulation and optimization results, especially in the case of stochastic objective functions.
Number Theory and Public-Key Cryptography

For a long time, cryptology had been a mystic art more than a science, solv- ing the confidentiality concerns with secret and private techniques. Automatic machines, electronic and namely computers modified the environment and the basic requirements. The main difference was the need of public mechanisms to allow large-scale communi- cations with just a small secret shared between the interlocutors, but that furthermore resist against adversaries with more powerful computers. Unfortunately, the security remained heuristic: with a permanent fight between designers (the cryptographers) and breakers (the cryptanalysts). In 1976, Diffie and Hellman claimed the possibility of achieving confidentiality between two people without any common secret information. However, they needed quite new objects: (trapdoor) one-way functions. Hopefully, mathematics, with algorithmic num- ber theory, have been realized to provide such objects. A new direction in cryptography was under investigations: asymmetric cryptography and provable security. In this paper we review the main problems that cryptography tries to solve, and how it achieves these goals thanks to the algorithmic number theory. After a brief history of the ancient and conventional cryptography, we review the Diffie-Hellman's suggestion with the apparent paradox. Then, we survey the solutions based on the integer factor- ization or the discrete logarithm, two problems that nobody knows how to efficiently solve.