Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
‘I Didn’t Know Where to Go’: A Mixed-Methods Approach to Explore Migrants’ Perspectives of Access and Use of Health Services during the COVID-19 Pandemic

The COVID-19 pandemic put pressure on health systems, affecting populations’ use of health services, especially those experiencing increased difficulties in healthcare access, as some migrant groups. This study aimed to investigate access and use of health services during the COVID-19 pandemic among migrants in Portugal. A mixed-methods approach was used. A community-based cross-sectional survey was conducted involving migrant communities residing in the Lisbon Metropolitan Area. Analyses of a subsample of participants (n = 929) examined factors associated with perceived worsening of access to health services during the pandemic. Semi-structured interviews with 14 migrants were conducted and thematically analyzed to further understand experiences and difficulties in health services’ use. Around 44% of surveyed participants reported worsening of access to health services since the pandemic, more frequently women, those with lower income, and those who perceived being at moderate or high risk for COVID-19 infection. Digital change in services and lack of formal and informal support during lockdowns were highlighted by interviewers as main barriers in access to healthcare for migrants. The pandemic renewed concerns about inequalities in healthcare access among migrants. It is key that in following years health systems are able to address the potential accumulated burden of disease.
Test of Lightguides for the J-PET Detector

The aim of this work was to test the impact of the lightguides insertion in the J-PET detection system and to choose the best of available solutions. At the two strip J-PET test system a series of measurements was performed with different combinations concerning the length of the lightguides (3 mm and 3 cm) and scintillators (3, 15 and 30 cm), shape of lightguides (trapezoidal and cylindrical, with and without a cut matching the scintillator size) and optical connection between elements (optical gel and glue). It was proven that the insertion of the thin lightguide does not spoil the time resolution and the light output. Additionally,the correlation between the time resolution and the light output was confirmed.
A polarimetric method for measuring black hole masses in Active Galactic Nuclei

The structure of the broad emission line region (BLR) in active galactic nuclei (AGN) remains unclear. We test in this paper a flattened configuration model for BLR. The virial theorem, by taking into account the disc shape of BLR, allows us to get a direct connection between the mass of a supermassive black hole (SMBH) and the inclination angle of the accretion flow. The inclination angle itself is derived from the spectropolarimetric data on broad emission lines using the theory for the generation of polarized radiation developed by Sobolev and Chandrasekhar. As the result, the new estimates of SMBH masses in AGN with measured polarization of BLR are presented. It is crucial that the polarimetric data allow also to determine the value of the virial coefficient that is essential for determining SMBH masses.
THE COS/UVES ABSORPTION SURVEY OF THE MAGELLANIC STREAM. II. EVIDENCE FOR A COMPLEX ENRICHMENT HISTORY OF THE STREAM FROM THE FAIRALL 9 SIGHTLINE

We present a multi-wavelength study of the Magellanic Stream (MS), a massive gaseous structure in the Local Group that is believed to represent material stripped from the Magellanic Clouds. We use ultraviolet, optical and radio data obtained with HST/COS, VLT/UVES, FUSE, GASS, and ATCA to study metal abundances and physical conditions in the Stream toward the quasar Fairall 9. Line absorption in the MS from a large number of metal ions and from molecular hydrogen is detected in up to seven absorption components, indicating the presence of multi-phase gas. From the analysis of unsaturated S ii absorption, in combination with a detailed photoionization model, we obtain a surprisingly high α abundance in the Stream toward Fairall 9 of [S/H] = −0.30 ± 0.04 (0.50 solar). This value is five times higher than what is found along other MS sightlines based on similar COS/UVES data sets. In contrast, the measured nitrogen abundance is found to be substantially lower ([N/H] = −1.15 ± 0.06), implying a very low [N/α] ratio of −0.85 dex. The substantial differences in the chemical composition of MS toward Fairall 9 compared to other sightlines point toward a complex enrichment history of the Stream. We favor a scenario, in which the gas toward Fairall 9 was locally enriched with α elements by massive stars and then was separated from the Magellanic Clouds before the delayed nitrogen enrichment from intermediate-mass stars could set in. Our results support (but do not require) the idea that there is a metal-enriched filament in the Stream toward Fairall 9 that originates in the LMC.
Massive runaway stars in the Small Magellanic Cloud

Using archival Spitzer Space Telescope data, we identified for the first time a dozen runaway OB stars in the Small Magellanic Cloud (SMC) through the detection of their bow shocks. The geometry of detected bow shocks allows us to infer the direction of motion of the associated stars and to determine their possible parent clusters and associations. One of the identified runaway stars, AzV471, was already known as a high-velocity star on the basis of its high peculiar radial velocity, which is offset by � 40 kms −1 from the local systemic velocity. We discuss implications of our findings for the problem of the origin of field OB stars. Several of the bow shockproducing stars are found in the confines of associations, suggesting that these may be “alien” stars contributing to the age spread observed for some young stellar systems. We also report the discovery of a kidney-shaped nebula attached to the early WN-type star SMC-WR3 (AzV60a). We interpreted this nebula as an interstellar structure created owing to the interaction between the stellar wind and the ambient interstellar medium.
(RE) CONSTRUÇÃO DO TERRITÓRIO NO RESIDENCIAL VISTA BELA

Esta pesquisa insere-se no debate sobre a política habitacional, mais especificamente sobre os efeitos territoriais dos empreendimentos implantados pelo Programa Minha Casa Minha Vida. A partir do conceito de territorialização, investiga os aspectos demográficos, socioeconômicos e espaciais que influenciam os processos de (re)construção do território do Residencial Vista Bela, em Londrina-PR. A pesquisa utiliza como procedimento analítico, o mapeamento das informações do atendimento das famílias, que foram sistematizadas em uma base de dados georreferenciada do empreendimento de estudo. As aproximações sucessivas como método permitiram entender o processo de remoção a partir da origem dos moradores e dos aspectos de vulnerabilidade social, evidenciaram as relações de poder que sobre o território, e elucidaram como decisões institucionais se articularam com aspectos espaciais criando uma configuração territorial particular que impacta diretamente nos processos de (re)territorialização das famílias no novo local de moradia. Nesse sentido, a pesquisa contribui para a reflexão sobre ações e programas que visem a retenção das famílias nos empreendimentos e a criação de estratégias para fortalecimento dos vínculos afetivos com o lugar.
The ephemeris of X 1822−371

From the analysis of eclipses observed with the HEAO-1, Einstein, Exosat and Ginga satellites, it is shown that the orbital period of X1822 - 371 is increasing on a time-scale of 2.9 million yr. The period change, one of only three determined amongst the LMXBs, is in the opposite sense to the expected evolutionary trend, but in the same sense as the period change of Cyg X-3. The observation of an eclipse simultaneously in the X-ray and optical bands shows that the optical eclipse is asymmetric and has a minimum 3 min later than that of the X-ray eclipse, reflecting a pronounced asymmetry in the optically emitting disk structure.
Signatures of entanglement in an optical tomogram

We theoretically study the optical tomograms of maximally entangled states generated at the output modes of a beam splitter. We consider even and odd coherent states in one of the input modes and vacuum state in the other input mode of the beam splitter. We have shown that the signatures of entanglement can be observed directly in the single-mode optical tomogram of the state without reconstructing the density matrix of the system. Two distinct types of optical tomograms are observed in any one of the output modes of the beam splitter based on the quadrature measurement in the other output mode if the output modes are entangled. The different features shown by the optical tomograms are verified by investigating the photon-number statistics of the corresponding state. We analyze the effect of decoherence on the optical tomograms of the entangled states.
Folk physics for apes : the chimpanzee's theory of how the world works

An initial word about 'folk physics' Preface 1. Folk physics cannot be assumed 2. Escaping the argument by analogy 3. Causality, tool use, and folk physics: a comparative approach 4. The trap-tube problem 5. The trap-table problem 6. The inverted- and broken-rake problems 7. The flimsy-tool problem 8. The tool-insertion problem: the question of shape 9. The rope, hook, touching-stick, and related problems: the question of physical connection 10. The support problem: physical connection revisited 11. The bendable-tool and tool-construction problems: the question of tool modification 12. Toward a folk physics for chimpanzees References
Polynomial procedure of avoiding multiqubit errors arising due to qubit-qubit interaction

Recently proposed implementations of quantum computer suffer from unavoidable interaction between quantum bits depending upon data being written in them. Novel procedure of avoiding multiqubit errors arising due to uncontrollable qubit-qubit interaction by using addititonal intermediate qubits is proposed. It is shown that the scheme requires only polynomial increase in number of qubits and algorithmic steps.
A Variable-Order Fractional Constitutive Model to Characterize the Rate-Dependent Mechanical Behavior of Soft Materials

Building an accurate constitutive model for soft materials is essential for better understanding its rate-dependent deformation characteristics and improving the design of soft material devices. To establish a concise constitutive model with few parameters and clear physical meaning, a variable-order fractional model is proposed to accurately describe and predict the rate-dependent mechanical behavior of soft materials. In this work, the discrete variable-order fractional operator enables the predicted stress response to be entirely consistent with the whole stress history and the fractional order’s path-dependent values. The proposed model is further implemented in a numerical form and applied to predict several typical soft materials’ tensile and compressive deformation behavior. Our research indicates that the proposed variable-order fractional constitutive model is capable of predicting the nonlinear rate-dependent mechanical behavior of soft materials with high accuracy and more convinced reliability in comparison with the existing fractional models, where the fractional order contains a constant initial order to depict the initial elastic response and a linear variable-order function to account for the strain hardening behavior after acrossing the yield point.
Experimental investigation of the effective parameters and performance of different types of structural tools in drilling CFRP/AL alloy stacks

In the modern aerospace industry, the application of hybrid multilayers (CFRP)/aluminum7075 stacks to manufacture various parts of modern aircraft fuselages is increasing in order to improve the quality of the structure. This study investigates the effective parameters when drilling carbon fiber composite (CFRP) and aluminum alloy 7075 stacks with different tool geometries/materials to compare dry machining with the cooling method and investigate the effect of cutting input variables of the drilling operation on machining results. With ANOVA analysis, the most influential parameter for the drilling operation of this kind of multilayer stack was determined as the feed rate. According to the experimental results, the surface roughness of the cooling system drilling was 38% lower than the average roughness of the other two tools (B and C). Moreover, the tool’s geometry and the cooling conditions (friction) have a greater influence on the drilling performance than the spindle speed and feed rate.
TIDAL PERTURBATIONS TO THE GRAVITATIONAL INSPIRAL OF J0651+2844

The recently discovered J0651+2844 is a detached, eclipsing white dwarf binary with an orbital period of 765 s. We investigate the prospects for the detection of gravitational radiation from this system and estimate the effect of the tidal deformation of the low-mass component on the period evolution of the system. Because of the high inclination of the system, the amplitude of the gravitational waves at Earth will be as much as a factor of two lower than that from an optimally oriented system. The dominant contribution of tidal corrections to the period evolution comes from the increase in rotational energy of the components as they spin up to remain tied to the orbital period. This contribution results in an advance of the timing of the eclipses by an additional 0.3 s after one year.
Phase modelling and its application to sinusoidal transform coding

In the context of a sinusoidal representation for speech waveforms [1-4], it is shown that the excitation sine-wave phases can be modelled as a linear function of frequency, the slope being determined by the onset time of the underlying pitch pulse. An algorithm for estimating the pitch onset time from the original sine-wave parameters is derived. The new phase model has been used to improve the coding efficiency of the sinusoidal transform coder (STC) and for compensating phase errors introduced by the quantization of the sine-wave frequencies.
Pattern Recognition Receptor for Bacterial Lipopolysaccharide in the Cytosol of Human Macrophages

Endotoxin - bacterial lipopolysaccharide (LPS) - is a driver of the lethal infection sepsis through activation of innate immune responses. When delivered to the cytosol of macrophages, LPS (cLPS) induces the assembly of an inflammasome that contains caspases-4/5 in humans or caspase-11 in mice. Whereas activation of all other inflammasomes is triggered by sensing of pathogen products by a specific host cytosolic pattern recognition receptor protein, whether pattern recognition receptors for cLPS exist has been doubted by many investigators, as caspases-4, -5, and -11 bind and activate LPS directly in vitro. Here we show that the primate-specific protein NLRP11 is a pattern recognition receptor for cLPS required for efficient activation of the caspase-4 inflammasome in human macrophages. NLRP11 is present in humans and other primates, but absent in mice, likely explaining why it has been missed in screens looking for innate immune signaling molecules, most of which have been carried out in mice. NLRP11 is a previously missing link and a component of the human caspase-4 inflammasome activation pathway. One Sentence Summary Discovery that human macrophages contain a cytosolic receptor for bacterial lipopolysaccharide.
Connectome-based predictions reveal developmental change in the functional architecture of sustained attention and working memory

Sustained attention (SA) and working memory (WM) are critical processes, but the brain networks supporting these abilities in development are unknown. We characterized the functional brain architecture of SA and WM in 9–11-year-old children and adults. First, we found that adult network predictors of SA generalized to predict individual differences and fluctuations in SA in youth. A WM network model predicted WM performance both across and within children—and captured individual differences in later recognition memory—but underperformed in youth relative to adults. We next characterized functional connections differentially related to SA and WM in youth compared to adults. Results revealed two network configurations: a dominant architecture predicting performance in both age groups and a secondary architecture, more prominent for WM than SA, predicting performance in one. Thus, functional connectivity predicts SA and WM in youth, with networks predicting WM changing more from preadolescence to adulthood than those predicting SA.
Niche differences, not fitness differences, explain coexistence across ecological groups

Understanding the drivers of species coexistence is an important objective in ecology. Yet, the multitude of methods to study coexistence hampers cross-community comparisons. Here, we standardized niche and fitness differences (i.e how species limit themselves compared to others and their competitive ability, respectively) across 1018 species pairs to investigate species coexistence across ecological groups and methodological settings (experimental setup, natural co-occurrence, population model used, and growth method). We find that, first, coexistence is driven by large niche differences, not by small fitness differences. Second, species group into clear clusters of coexisting and non-coexisting species along the niche axis. Finally, these clusters are not driven by ecological or methodological settings. This suggests differences between coexisting and non-coexisting communities transcending those measured in our empirical systems. Overall, our results show that species coexistence is mainly influenced by mechanisms acting on niche differences.
Simultaneous dual recordings from hair cells and their calyx afferents reveal the functional significance of these specialized endings in the vestibular periphery

In the vestibular periphery, transmission via conventional synaptic boutons is supplemented by postsynaptic calyceal endings surrounding Type I hair cells. This review focusses on the multiple modes of communication between these receptors and their enveloping calyces as revealed by simultaneous dual electrode recordings. Classic orthodromic transmission is facilitated and supplemented by two forms of bidirectional communication enabled by the extensive cleft between the Type I hair cell and its calyx. The slowest mode of transmission occurs over tens of milliseconds: potassium ions accumulate in the synaptic cleft, depolarizing both the hair cell and afferent to potentials allowing rapid vesicle fusion in the receptor and large excitatory postsynaptic potentials that trigger action potentials in the afferent. On the millisecond timescale, conventional glutamatergic quantal transmission occurs when hair cells are depolarized to potentials sufficient for calcium influx and vesicle fusion. A third form of transmission occurs over tens of microseconds, resulting from the large voltage- and ion-sensitive cleft-facing conductances in both the hair cell and the calyx that are open at their resting potentials. Current flowing out of either the hair cell or the afferent divides into the fraction flowing across the cleft into its cellular partner, and the remainder flowing out of the cleft and into the surrounding fluid compartment. These findings suggest multiple biophysical bases for the extensive repertoire of response dynamics seen in the population of primary vestibular afferent fibers. The results further suggest that evolutionary pressures drive selection for the calyx afferent.
Apolipoprotein M attenuates anthracycline cardiotoxicity and lysosomal injury

Objectives Determine the role of apolipoprotein M (ApoM) in anthracycline (Dox) cardiotoxicity. Background ApoM binds the cardioprotective sphingolipid sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P). Circulating ApoM is inversely associated with mortality in human heart failure (HF). Methods In the Penn HF Study (PHFS), we tested the relationship between ApoM and mortality in a subset with anthracycline-induced cardiomyopathy. We measured ApoM in humans and mice treated with Dox and utilized hepatic ApoM transgenic (ApomTG), ApoM knockout (ApomKO), ApoM knock-in mice with impaired S1P binding, and S1P receptor 3 (S1PR3) knockout mice in Dox cardiotoxicity. We assayed autophagy in left ventricular tissue from anthracycline-induced HF patients versus donor controls. Results ApoM was inversely associated with mortality in PHFS, and Dox reduced circulating ApoM in mice and breast cancer patients. ApomTG mice were protected from Dox-induced cardiac dysfunction and loss of left ventricular mass. ApomTG attenuated Dox-induced impairment in autophagic flux in vivo and accumulation of insoluble p62, which was also observed in the myocardium of patients with anthracycline-induced HF. In vehicle-treated mice, ApoM negatively regulated transcription factor EB (TFEB), a master regulator of autophagy and lysosomal biogenesis. The effect of ApoM on TFEB required both S1P binding and S1PR3. In the presence of Dox, ApoM preserved TFEB and cardiomyocyte lysosomal abundance assessed as lysosomal associated membrane protein 1 positive structures in vivo, while S1P mimetic pretreatment of cardiomyocytes prevented Dox-induced changes in lysosomal pH. Conclusions ApoM attenuates Dox cardiotoxicity via the autophagy-lysosome pathway. The association between ApoM and reduced mortality may be explained by its role in sustaining autophagy. Highlights Circulating ApoM is inversely associated with survival in human anthracycline-induced cardiomyopathy Anthracycline treatment reduces circulating ApoM in humans and mice Increasing ApoM attenuates doxorubicin cardiotoxicity, lysosomal injury and preserves myocardial autophagic flux, but does not impact doxorubicin anti-neoplastic efficacy Autophagic impairment is characteristic of human anthracycline cardiomyopathy
Distortion of infall regions in redshift space-I

We show that spherical infall models (SIMs) can better describe some galaxy clusters in redshift slice space than in traditional axially-convolved projection space. This is because in SIM, the presence of transverse motion between cluster and observer, and/or shear flow about the cluster (such as rotation), causes the infall artifact to tilt, obscuring the characteristic two-trumpet profile; and some clusters resemble such tilted artifacts. We illustrate the disadvantages of applying SIM to convolved data and, as an alternative, introduce a method fitting a tilted 2D envelope to determine a 3D envelope. We also introduce a fitting algorithm and test it on toy SIM simulations as well as three clusters (Virgo, A1459, and A1066). We derive relations useful for using the tilt and width-to-length ratio of the fitted envelopes to analyze peculiar velocities. We apply them to our three clusters as a demonstration. We find that transverse motion between cluster and observer can be ruled out as sole cause of the observed tilts, and that a multi-cluster study could be a feasible way to find our infall toward Virgo cluster.
Thermal Transitions in Dense Two-Colour QCD

The infamous sign problem makes it impossible to probe dense (baryon density μB > 0) QCD at temperatures near or below the deconfinement threshold. As a workaround, one can explore QCD-like theories such as twocolour QCD (QC2D) which don’t suffer from this sign problem but are qualitively similar to real QCD. Previous studies on smaller lattice volumes have investigated deconfinement and colour superfluid to normal matter transitions. In this study we look at a larger lattice volume Ns = 24 in an attempt to disentangle finite volume and finite temperature effects. We also fit to a larger number of diquark sources to better allow for extrapolation to zero diquark source.