Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
INDUCTION OF IMMUNITY AND TOLERANCE IN VITRO BY HAPTEN PROTEIN CONJUGATES

Of many dinitrophenylated (DNP) protein conjugates tested, only DNP conjugated to polymerized flagellin (DNP-POL) (or the structurally related bacterial flagella) elicited a primary anti-DNP response in vitro. Other DNP proteins, such as DNP-monomeric flagellin (DNP-MON), were capable of inducing secondary responses in vitro. The capacity of DNP-POL to immunize spleen cell suspensions devoid of thymus-derived cells was the reason for the greater immunogenicity of DNP-POL, since even large numbers of flagellin-reactive activated thymus cells did not increase the anti-DNP response of normal spleen cells immunized with DNP-POL, whereas the thymus-dependent response to DNP-MON was markedly increased. The capacity of various batches of DNP-POL to immunize normal spleen cells in vitro varied markedly, depending on the number of DNP groups conjugated. DNP-POL with few DNP groups conjugated was immunogenic, but even at very high concentrations did not induce tolerance. In contrast, highly conjugated DNP-POL did not immunize, but readily induced tolerance. DNP-POL with intermediate degrees of conjugation were, like unconjugated polymeric flagellin, capable of inducing both immunity and tolerance. Since DNP-POL immunizes bone marrow-derived lymphocytes (B cells) directly the reduced response was not due to a masking of carrier determinants, necessary for cell collaboration. By using mixed DNP-5-(dimethylamino)-1-naphthalyl (dansyl)-POL conjugates, it was found that the inhibitory effect of a high degree of hapten conjugated was hapten specific. Depolymerization of DNP-POL to DNP-MON, which does not induce primary anti-DNP responses, was excluded by centrifugation analysis and electron microscopy. The relationship of the degree of hapten conjugation on DNP-POL to the capacity to induce tolerance and immunity in B cells has clarified the mechanism of immunological triggering of these cells. A model of the mechanism of "signal" discrimination between immunity and tolerance in B cells, based on these findings, is proposed.
Generalized plasma-like permittivity and thermal Casimir force between real metals

The physical reasons why the Drude dielectric function is not compatible with the Lifshitz formula, as opposed to the generalized plasma-like permittivity, are presented. Essentially, the problem is connected with the finite size of metal plates. It is shown that the Lifshitz theory combined with the generalized plasma-like permittivity is thermodynamically consistent.
CHOREOGRAPHING COMPUTER LITERACY: CRAFTING DEMONSTRATIONS TO ENGAGE THE GENERAL EDUCATION STUDENT

Computer literacy classes for non-computing majors are received with less than enthusiastic regard by many students. Viewed as simply another general education requirement toward graduation, these classes do not command the attention we would like from students forming the next generation of professionals and policy makers. This paper profiles an attempt to engage these students by supplementing traditional lectures with a series of demonstrations and experiences specifically designed to expose them to both computing principles and possibilities.
Insider Trading Subsequent to Initial Public Offerings: Evidence from Expirations of Lock-Up Provisions

This paper explores the role of investment bankers and lock-up provisions in the market for new equity issues. In a sample of 1,948 IPOs, we find support for the notion that lock-ups serve as commitment mechanisms at the time of the IPO. Insiders of firms that are associated with greater informational asymmetries lock-up their shares for a longer period of time. We also find that underpricing is higher for firms that lock-up their shares for a longer period of time or lock-up a larger fraction of their shares. The average abnormal return at lock-up expiration is -1.2% and is larger for firms that lock-up a greater fraction of their shares and firms that are backed by venture capitalists. This price drop is inconsistent with rational expectations on the part of investors. Finally, we find that earnings forecasts made by both affiliated and unaffiliated analysts are more optimistic around lock-up expiration.
Does posture impact affective word processing? Examining the role of posture across adulthood in an incidental encoding task

Research in emotional aging has primarily investigated mechanisms that could explain the age-related increase in positive emotionality despite various age-related losses. Of particular note is the increasing importance of age-related positivity effects and underlying biological influences on affective processes. Despite evidence of weakened mind-body connectivity in older adulthood presented in the maturation dualism framework, research shows age-similarities in subjective and objective reactivity for certain negative emotional states across adulthood. Thus, robust physiological-experiential associations may still exist in later life. Investigations of integrated mind-body connectivity have lead researchers to examine the influence of posture on cognitive outcomes. Prior evidence has observed that specific postural manipulations (i.e., stooped posture) is linked to negative affective biases in memory and emotional experiences. To interrogate potential posture effects on word recognition, an incidental encoding task was utilized. Although no age differences emerged for concrete words, younger adults outperformed older adults on both negative and neutral abstract words, and older adults remembered more positive relative to neutral abstract words. These results provide partial support for age-related positivity, perhaps in line with older adults’ motivated positive affective goals. Although posture effects were absent in both age groups, there remains considerable room for other integrative research assessing mind-body connectivity within emotion-cognition links across adulthood. iv TABLE OF CONTENTS Page ABSTRACT . iii LIST OF TABLES . v LIST OF FIGURES . vi CHAPTER
Analysis of combining multiple query representations with varying lengths in a single engine

We examine the issues of combining multiple query representations in a single IR engine. Differing query representations are used to retrieve different documents. Thus, when combining their results, improvements are observed in effectiveness. We use multiple TREC query representations (title, description and narrative) as a basis for experimentation. We examine several combination approaches presented in the literature (vector addition, CombSUM and CombMNZ) and present a new combination approach using query vector length normalization. We examine two query representation combination approaches (title + description and title + narrative) for 150 queries from TREC 6, 7 and 8 topics. Our QLN (Query Length Normalization) technique outperformed vector addition and data fusion approaches by as much as 32% and was on average 24% better. Additionally, QLN always outperformed the single best query representation in terms of effectiveness.
Subaru/HDS Abundances in Three Giant Stars in the Ursa Minor Dwarf Spheroidal Galaxy ∗

With the HDS (High Dispersion Spectrograph) on the Subaru Telescope, we obtained high-resolution optical region spectra of three red giant stars (COS 4, COS 82, and COS 347) in the Ursa Minor dwarf spheroidal galaxy. The chemical abundances in these stars were analyzed for 26 elements, including α-, iron-peak, and neutron-capture elements. All three stars show low abundances of α-elements (Mg, Si, and Ca), and two stars (COS 82 and COS 347) show high abundances of Mn compared to Galactic halo stars of similar metallicity. One star (COS 4) has been confirmed to be very metal deficient ([Fe/H] = −2.7) and found to show anomalously low abundances of Mn, Cu, and Ba. In another star, COS 82 ([Fe/H] = −1.5), we have found a large excess of heavy neutron-capture elements with a general abundance pattern similar to the scaled solar system r-process abundance curve. These observational results are rather puzzling: low abundances of α-elements and high abundance of Mn seem to suggest a significant contribution of SNe Ia at low metallicity, while there is no hint of an s-process (i.e., AGB stars) contribution, even at [Fe/H] = −1.5, suggesting a peculiar nucleosynthetic history of the UMi dSph galaxy. The origin of the Galactic dwarf spheroidal (dSph) galaxies is closely related to the formation and evolutionary history of the Milky Way. Modern cosmological models based on the Cold Dark Matter paradigm demonstrate the importance of hierarchical structure formation on all scales. Galaxies like the Milky Way and M31 form as part of a local overdensity in the primordial matter distribution via the agglomeration of numerous smaller building blocks that can independently develop into dwarf galaxies. In the Local Group the leftovers of this process are seen in the distribution and properties of the dwarf galaxies, with the dwarf spheroidals found mainly close in to the giant spirals, while the dwarf irregulars are more evenly distributed throughout the Local Group. The gravitationally bound dwarf galaxies that have managed to avoid tidal destruction and subsequent merging have undergone episodic star formation over a Hubble time. The relatively gas-rich dwarf irregulars still exhibit ongoing star formation, while the dwarf spheroidals, being devoid of significant amounts of gas and dust, are now quiescent, and are therefore, in principle, much simpler systems to study. The proximity of the Galactic dSphs offers a unique opportunity for investigating ∗ Based on data collected at the Subaru Telescope, which is operated by the
Top 10 Free Web-Mail Security Test Using Session Hijacking

This research presents the results of the experimental about security level of the top 10 popular free Web-mail. These 10 Web mails were hacked by means of session hijacking. The researcher conducted this experiment on the LAN system and used information capturing technique to gain cookies and session ID inside cookies. Then, hijacking was conducted by using two hijacking methods. The first method, which was common and easy to conduct, used only one cookie. The second method, which was not very popular but offered high penetrating power, used all cookies (cookies cloned by SideJacking tools). The results show that the Web mails with the height security level are AOL Mail, GMX Mail and Yahoo Mail; and the Web mails with the low security level are Gmail, Inbox Mail and Hotmail.
A Reappraisal of the Blood Glucose Homeostat which Comprehensively Explains the Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus–Syndrome X Complex

Blood glucose concentrations are unaffected by exercise despite very high rates of glucose flux. The plasma ionised calcium levels are even more tightly controlled after meals and during lactation. This implies ‘integral control’. However, pairs of integral counterregulatory controllers (e.g. insulin and glucagon, or calcitonin and parathyroid hormone) cannot operate on the same controlled variable, unless there is some form of mutual inhibition. Flip‐flop functional coupling between pancreatic α‐ and β‐cells via gap junctions may provide such a mechanism. Secretion of a common inhibitory chromogranin by the parathyroids and the thyroidal C‐cells provides another. Here we describe how the insulin:glucagon flip‐flop controller can be complemented by growth hormone, despite both being integral controllers. Homeostatic conflict is prevented by somatostatin‐28 secretion from both the hypothalamus and the pancreatic islets. Our synthesis of the information pertaining to the glucose homeostat that has accumulated in the literature predicts that disruption of the flip‐flop mechanism by the accumulation of amyloid in the pancreatic islets in type 2 diabetes mellitus will lead to hyperglucagonaemia, hyperinsulinaemia, insulin resistance, glucose intolerance and impaired insulin responsiveness to elevated blood glucose levels. It explains syndrome X (or metabolic syndrome) as incipient type 2 diabetes in which the glucose control system, while impaired, can still maintain blood glucose at the desired level. It also explains why it is characterised by high plasma insulin levels and low plasma growth hormone levels, despite normoglycaemia, and how this leads to central obesity, dyslipidaemia and cardiovascular disease in both syndrome X and type 2 diabetes.
Electronic Communications of the EASST Volume 3 ( 2006 ) Proceedings of the Third Workshop on Software Evolution through Transformations : Embracing the Change ( SeTra 2006 ) EMF Model Refactoring based on Graph Transformation Concepts

The Eclipse Modeling Framework (EMF) provides a modeling and code generation framework for Eclipse applications based on structured data models. Within model driven software development based on EMF, refactoring of EMF models become a key activity. In this paper, we present an approach to define EMF model refactoring methods as transformation rules being applied in place on EMF models. Performing an EMF model refactoring, EMF transformation rules are applied and can be translated to corresponding graph transformation rules, as in the graph transformation environment AGG. If the resulting EMF model is consistent, the corresponding result graph is equivalent and can be used for validating EMF model refactoring. Results on conflicts and dependencies of refactorings for example, can help the developer to decide which refactoring is most suitable for a given model and why.
Integrating a Lexical Database and a Training Collection for Text Categorization

Automatic text categorization is a complex and useful task for many natural language processing applications. Recent approaches to text categorization focus more on algorithms than on resources involved in this operation. In contrast to this trend, we present an approach based on the integration of widely available resources as lexical databases and training collections to overcome current limitations of the task. Our approach makes use of WordNet synonymy information to increase evidence for bad trained categories. When testing a direct categorization, a WordNet based one, a training algorithm, and our integrated approach, the latter exhibits a better perfomance than any of the others. Incidentally, WordNet based approach perfomance is comparable with the training approach one.
Realization of Analog Circuits using Double Gate MOSFET at 32nm CMOS Technology

n this paper, design of analog circuit using double gate (DG) MOSFET where the front gate output is changed by control voltage on the back gate. The DG devices can be used to improve the performance and reduce the power dissipation when the front gate and back gate both are independently controlled. The analysis of the analog circuits such as CMOS amplifier pair, Schmitt trigger circuit and operational trans- conductance amplifier. Transient response and output DC response of analog tunable circuits are going to be analyzed. These circuit blocks are used for low-noise, high performance integrated circuits for analog and mixed-signal applications. The design and simulation results are predicted by Microwind tool in 32nm complementary metal oxide semiconductor (CMOS) technology. KeywordsCircuits, Double Gate, Transient and output DC response
Don't Make Me Angry! A Psychophysiological Examination of the Anger–Performance Relationship in Intermediate and Elite Fencers

We aimed to identify the effect of state-anger on precision, speed, and power components of performance during fencing attacks. We conducted a laboratory-based, single-case research experiment to test the fine motor task performance of two experienced and two elite-level fencers under two emotional states: anger and emotion-neutral. We assessed anger via psychophysiological and self-report measures, and we induced anger via a brief imagery intervention. Through the use of an innovative design, which included multiple measures of change, we showed that anger had a consistent negative effect on precision but an inconsistent relationship with response time and muscle activity. The current research design and protocol offer a novel and in-depth method for examining the specific relationships between affective states, emotions, and the complexities that underpin performance. The specific effects of anger on performance were multifarious, complex, and inconsistent. Nonetheless, the results tend to indicate that anger facilitates reaction time and debilitates performance, and these effects were clearer for the most elite performers. The effects of anger on performance are clearly complex, so it would be rather premature to make any suggestions for future practice at this point. Nonetheless, the clearer findings with the elite fencers indicate that researchers will likely yield the most fruitful insights by examining the effects of emotion of performance in elite performers.
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Using Social Network Analysis to Unveil Cartels in Public Bids

In recent years, the study of complex networks has attracted great attention. Several fields of science have used techniques of social network analysis and complex networks to represent a wide range of structures such as, social networks, political influence, communication, epidemics and several other aspects of human behavior. Most of the complex networks show community structures. Revealing these communities is highly relevant to understanding several social phenomena such as the organizing of groups, the flow of information and the strength of the influence of some members over the group. In this article, we use techiques of social network analysis and complex networks to represent the relationship between companies that are participating in public bids to unveil community structures analog to cartels. Several nations are facing injuries trough the misuse of public money caused by the formation of cartels, which are groupings of companies aiming to defraud the free competition. Our main goal in this work is to present a methodology for identifying these communities. Furthermore, we aim to address whether companies that have high success rates in public bids are grouped and identify whether they are taking advantage of their influence in the network.
Fermi level pinning and chemical interactions at metal–InxGa1−xAs(100) interfaces

Soft x‐ray photoemission spectroscopy (SXPS) measurements of metals on clean, ordered InxGa1−xAs(100) surfaces reveal that Fermi level stabilization energies depend strongly on the particular metal, i.e., the Fermi level is not pinned. For InxGa1−xAs, x>0, the range of Fermi level movement is comparable to or greater than the semiconductor band gap. For the same metal on different alloys, we observe regular trends in stabilization energies. The trend for Au is strikingly different from previous, air‐exposed values. Our results challenge Schottky barrier models based on simple native defects, metal‐induced gap states, or the ‘‘common‐anion’’ rule. Observed variations in semiconductor outdiffusion provide a chemically‐modified interface work function model which accounts for the data across the alloy series.
Design of Approximate Compressors for Multiplication

Approximate computing is a promising technique for energy-efficient Very Large Scale Integration (VLSI) system design. It is best suited for error-resilient applications such as signal processing and multimedia. Approximate computing reduces accuracy but still provides significant and faster results with lower power consumption. This is attractive to arithmetic circuits. In this article, various novel design approaches of approximate 4-2 and 5-2 compressors have been proposed for reduction of the partial product stages in multiplication. Three approximate 8 × 8 Dadda multiplier designs using three novel approximate 4-2 compressors and two approximate 8 × 8 Dadda multiplier designs using two novel approximate 5-2 compressors have proposed. The synthesis results show that the proposed designs achieved significant accuracy improvement together with power and delay reductions compared to the existing approximate designs.
Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug use and risk of acute kidney injury and hyperkalemia in older adults: a population-based study.

BACKGROUND Clinical guidelines caution against nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) use in older adults. The study objective was to quantify the 30-day risk of acute kidney injury (AKI) and hyperkalemia in older adults after NSAID initiation and to develop a model to predict these outcomes. METHODS We conducted a population-based retrospective cohort study in Ontario, Canada from 2007 to 2015 of patients ≥66 years. We matched 46 107 new NSAID users with 46 107 nonusers with similar baseline health. The primary outcome was 30-day risk of AKI and secondary outcomes were hyperkalemia and all-cause mortality. RESULTS NSAID use versus nonuse was associated with a higher 30-day risk of AKI {380 [0.82%] versus 272 [0.59%]; odds ratio (OR) 1.41 [95% confidence interval (CI) 1.20-1.65]} and hyperkalemia [184 (0.40%) versus 123 (0.27%); OR 1.50 (95% CI 1.20-1.89); risk difference 0.23% (95% CI 0.13-0.34)]. There was no association between NSAID use and all-cause mortality. A prediction model incorporated six predictors of AKI or hyperkalemia: older age, male gender, lower baseline estimated glomerular filtration rate, higher baseline serum potassium, angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor or angiotensin receptor blocker use or diuretic use. This model had moderate discrimination [C-statistic 0.72 (95% CI 0.70-0.74)] and good calibration. CONCLUSIONS In older adults, new NSAID use compared with nonuse was associated with a higher 30-day risk of AKI and hyperkalemia but not all-cause mortality. Prescription NSAID use among many older adults may be safe, but providers should use caution and assess individual risk.