Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Bound states, Cooper pairing, and Bose condensation in two dimensions.

For a dilute gas of fermions interacting via an arbitrary pair potential in d = 2 dimensions, we show that the many-body ground state is unstable to s-wave pairing at T = 0 if and only if a two-body bound state exists. We further obtain, within a variational pairing Ansatz, a smooth crossover from a Cooper-paired state (xi/sub 0/k/sub f/>>1) to a Bose condensed state of tightly bound pairs (xi/sub 0/k/sub f/<<1). We briefly discuss non--s-wave superconductors. Insofar as this model is appli- cable to the high-T/sub c/ materials, they are in the interesting regime with the coherence length xi/sub 0/ comparable to the interparticle spacing K/sub f//sup -1/.
GIP(3-30)NH2 is a potent competitive antagonist of the GIP receptor and effectively inhibits GIP-mediated insulin, glucagon, and somatostatin release

Alternative processing of the precursor protein pro-GIP results in endogenously produced GIP(1–30)NH 2 , that by DPP-4 cleavage in vivo results in the metabolite GIP(3–30)NH 2 . We showed previously that GIP(3– 30)NH 2 is a high afﬁnity antagonist of the human GIPR in vitro . Here we determine whether it is suitable for studies of GIP physiology in rats since effects of GIP agonists and antagonists are strictly species-dependent. Transiently transfected COS-7 cells were assessed for cAMP accumulation upon ligand stim- ulation or assayed in competition binding using human 125 I-GIP(1–42) as radioligand. In isolated perfused rat pancreata, insulin, glucagon, and somatostatin-releasing properties were evaluated. Competition binding demonstrated that on the rat GIP receptor (GIPR), rat GIP(3–30)NH 2 bound with high afﬁnity (K i of 17 nM), in contrast to human GIP(3–30)NH 2 (K i of 250 nM). In cAMP studies, rat GIP (3–30)NH 2 inhibited GIP(1–42)-induced rat GIPR activation and schild-plot analysis showed competitive antagonism with a pA 2 of 13 nM and a slope of 0.9 ± 0.09. Alone, rat GIP(3–30)NH 2 displayed weak, low-potent partial agonistic properties (EC 50 > 1 m M) with an efﬁcacy of 9.4% at 0.32 m M compared to GIP(1– 42). In perfused rat pancreata, rat GIP(3–30)NH 2 efﬁciently antagonized rat GIP(1–42)-induced insulin, somatostatin, and glucagon secretion. In summary, rat GIP(3–30)NH 2 is a high afﬁnity competitive GIPR antagonist and effectively antagonizes GIP-mediated G protein-signaling as well as pancreatic hormone release, while human GIP(3–30)NH 2 , despite a difference of only one amino acid between the two (arginine in position 18 in rat GIP(3–30)NH 2 ; histidine in human), is unsuitable in the rat system. This underlines the importance of species differences in the GIP system, and the limitations of testing human peptides in rodent systems.
ATP-Binding Cassette Transporter G5 and G8 Polymorphisms and Several Environmental Factors with Serum Lipid Levels

Background The association of ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transporter single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) and serum lipid profiles is inconsistent. The present study was undertaken to detect the association of ABCG5/G8 SNPs and several environmental factors with serum lipid levels. Methodology/Principal Findings Genotyping of the ABCG5 (rs4131229 and rs6720173) and ABCG8 (rs3806471 and rs4148211) SNPs was performed in 719 unrelated subjects of Mulao nationality and 782 participants of Han nationality. There were no differences in the genotypic and allelic frequencies of four SNPs between the two ethnic groups besides the genotypic frequencies of rs4131229 SNP in Han. The levels of triglyceride (TG), apolipoprotein (Apo) A1, and ApoA1/ApoB ratio (rs4131229); low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) and ApoB (rs6720173); high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), ApoA1, ApoB, and ApoA1/ApoB ratio (rs3806471); and HDL-C, ApoA1, and ApoA1/ApoB ratio (rs4148211) in Han were different among their genotypes (P<0.05–0.001). The levels of LDL-C (rs6720173) and ApoA1 (rs3806471) in Mulao were also different among their genotypes (P<0.05 for each). The levels of TC, TG, HDL-C, ApoA1, and ApoA1/ApoB ratio (rs4131229); LDL-C and ApoB (rs6720173); HDL-C, ApoA1, and ApoA1/ApoB ratio (rs3806471); and TG, HDL-C, ApoA1, and ApoA1/ApoB ratio (rs4148211) in Han males; and ApoA1/ApoB ratio (rs4131229); LDL-C, ApoB, and ApoA1/ApoB ratio (rs3806471); HDL-C, ApoA1, and ApoA1/ApoB ratio (rs4148211) in Han females were different between the genotypes (P<0.05–0.001). The levels of LDL-C in Mulao females were also different between GG and GC/CC genotypes of rs6720173 (P<0.05). The correlation between serum lipid parameters and genotypes of four SNPs was observed in Han, especially in Han males. Serum lipid parameters were also correlated with several environmental factors. Conclusions The associations of four ABCG5/G8 SNPs and serum lipid levels are different between the Mulao and Han populations, or between males and females, suggesting that there may be a racial/ethnic- and/or sex-specific association between ABCG5/G8 SNPs and some serum lipid parameters.
Non-Boronized Operation of ASDEX Upgrade with Full-Tungsten Plasma Facing Components

Abstract After completion of the tungsten coating of all plasma facing components, ASDEX Upgrade has been operated without boronization for 1 1/2 experimental campaigns. This has allowed the study of fuel retention under conditions of relatively low D co-deposition with low-Z impurities as well as the operational space of a full-tungsten device for the unfavourable condition of a relatively high intrinsic impurity level. Restrictions in operation were caused by central accumulation of tungsten in combination with density peaking, resulting in H-L backtransitions induced by too low separatrix power flux. Most important control parameters have been found to be the central heating power, as delivered predominantly by ECRH, and the ELM frequency, most easily controlled by gas puffing. Generally, ELMs exhibit a positive impact, with the effect of impurity flushing out of the pedestal region overbalancing the ELM induced W source. The accumulation of tungsten around the pedestal top is supposed to be connected to the large neoclassical impurity inward pinch caused by the steep density gradients in the edge transport barrier region. ICRF operation suffered from the higher intrinsic low-Z impurity content, causing a large W source due to ICRF induced sheath acceleration. Clearly more favourable conditions were observed after boronization, where the ICRF induced W influx was considerably reduced. The restrictions of plasma operation in the unboronized W machine occured predominantly under low or medium power conditions. In the operation domain above about 60% of the target power load limit ( 10 MW/m2), stable operation with virtually no difference between boronized and unboronized discharges was achieved.
A Framework for Modeling Influence, Opinions and Structure in Social Media

The Blogosphere provides an interesting opportunity to study social interactions. Blogs provide a channel to express opinions, facts and thoughts. Through these pieces of information, also known as memes, bloggers influence each other and engage in conversations that ultimately lead to exchange of ideas and spread of information. We aim to characterize and model the Blogosphere to study the spread of influence, opinion formation and social interaction. Further, we propose a simple generative process that models creation and evolution of blogs. This model is an extension of existing preferential attachment and random surfer model. Using available samples of the Blogosphre (represented as a blog graph) and the proposed generative model, we hypothesize, compare and validate different approaches to modeling influence and opinion formation in social media.
Asymmetric Migration of Human Keratinocytes under Mechanical Stretch and Cocultured Fibroblasts in a Wound Repair Model

Keratinocyte migration during re-epithelization is crucial in wound healing under biochemical and biomechanical microenvironment. However, little is known about the underlying mechanisms whereby mechanical tension and cocultured fibroblasts or keratinocytes modulate the migration of keratinocytes or fibroblasts. Here we applied a tensile device together with a modified transwell assay to determine the lateral and transmembrane migration dynamics of human HaCaT keratinocytes or HF fibroblasts. A novel pattern of asymmetric migration was observed for keratinocytes when they were cocultured with non-contact fibroblasts, i.e., the accumulative distance of HaCaT cells was significantly higher when moving away from HF cells or migrating from down to up cross the membrane than that when moving close to HF cells or when migrating from up to down, whereas HF migration was symmetric. This asymmetric migration was mainly regulated by EGF derived from fibroblasts, but not transforming growth factor α or β1 production. Mechanical stretch subjected to fibroblasts fostered keratinocyte asymmetric migration by increasing EGF secretion, while no role of mechanical stretch was found for EGF secretion by keratinocytes. These results provided a new insight into understanding the regulating mechanisms of two- or three-dimensional migration of keratinocytes or fibroblasts along or across dermis and epidermis under biomechanical microenvironment.
Semantic Web Techniques for Yellow Page Service Providers

Use of web pages providing unstructured information poses variety of problems to the user, such as use of arbitrary formats, unsuitability for machine processing and likely incompleteness of information. Structured data alleviates these problems but we require more. Very often yellow page systems are implemented using a centralized database. In some cases, human intermediaries accessible over the phone network examine a centralized database and use their reasoning ability to deal with the user's need for information. Scaling up such systems is difficult. This paper explores an alternative - a highly distributed system design meeting a variety of needs - considerably reducing efforts required at a central organization, enabling large numbers of vendors to enter information about their own products and services, enabling end-users to contribute information such as their own ratings, using an ontology to describe each domain of application in a flexible manner for uses foreseen and unforeseen, enabling distributed search and mash-ups, use of vendor independent standards, using reasoning to find the best matches to a given query, geo-spatial reasoning and a simple, interactive, mobile application/interface. We give importance to geo-spatial information and mobile applications because of the very wide-spread use of mobile phones and their inherent ability to provide some information about the current location of the user. We have created a prototype using the Jena Toolkit and geo-spatial extensions to SPARQL. We have tested this prototype by asking a group of typical users to use it and to provide structured feedback. We have summarized this feedback in the paper. We believe that the technology can be applied in many contexts in addition to yellow page systems.
A fast parallel squarer based on divide-and-conquer

Fast and small squarers are needed in many applications such as image compression. A new family of high-performance parallel squarers based on the divide-and-conquer method is reported. Our main result was realized for the basis cases of the divide-and-conquer recursion by using optimized n-bit primitive squarers, where n is in the range of two to six. This method reduced the gate count and provided shorter critical paths. A chip implementing an 8-b squarer was designed, fabricated, and successfully tested, resulting in 24 million operations per second (MOPS) using a 2-/spl mu/m CMOS fabrication technology. This squarer had two additional features: increased number of squaring operations per unit circuit area and the potential for reduced power consumption per squaring operation.
Increasing breastfeeding rates to reduce infant illness at the community level.

OBJECTIVE Although breastfeeding is associated with lower rates of a variety of infant illnesses, skeptics have suggested that much of the association is attributable to confounding, even after appropriate statistical adjustment. This article utilizes a novel design to investigate changes in infant illness at the community level after a successful breastfeeding promotion program. METHODS In this population-based cohort study, the medical records of all infants born in one Navajo community the year before a breastfeeding promotion program (n = 977) and the year during the intervention (n = 858) were reviewed. Outcomes assessed include changes after the intervention in: proportion breastfeeding and/or breastfeeding exclusively; incidence of common infant illnesses in the first year of life; and feeding-group specific incidence of illness. RESULTS The proportion of women breastfeeding exclusively for any period of time increased from 16.4% to 54.6% after the intervention. The percent of children having pneumonia and gastroenteritis declined 32. 2% and 14.6%, respectively, after the intervention. Feeding-group specific rates of these illnesses were unchanged, indicating that the decline observed was attributable to the increased proportion of infants breastfeeding. In contrast, rates of croup and bronchiolitis increased after the intervention among those fed formula from birth, suggesting a viral epidemic which was limited to those never exclusively breastfed. Finally, sepsis declined in both formula-fed and breastfed infants after the intervention, suggesting that other factors affected this illness outcome after the intervention. CONCLUSIONS Increasing the proportion of exclusively breastfed infants seems to be an effective means of reducing infant illness at the community level. The experimental design suggests that the increased incidence of illness among minimally breastfed infants is causally related to lack of breast milk, rather than being attributable to confounding.
Multiple Attractors Involving Chaos in Predator-prey Model with Non-monotonic Response Function

A research on a periodically forced predator-prey system with non-monotonic response function is carried out, taking into account inhibitory and seasonal effects. The autonomous system exhibits eighteen topologically different configurations of equilibrium and periodic solutions. The latter system possesses at most three equilibria in the interior of the first quadrant. Multiple attractors appear in the phase space involving a stable periodic orbit and two stable equilibrium solutions. It is shown by mean of computer simulation that the seasonal effect can give rise to complicated dynamics. Certain values of parameters feature large chaotic strange attractors. Largest Lyapunov exponents and Hausdorff dimensions of these attractors are numerically computed. Index Term— Predator-prey, seasonal effects, nonmonotonic, multiple attractors, strange attractors.
BMAL1 controls the diurnal rhythm and set point for electrical seizure threshold in mice

The epilepsies are a heterogeneous group of neurological diseases defined by the occurrence of unprovoked seizures which, in many cases, are correlated with diurnal rhythms. In order to gain insight into the biological mechanisms controlling this phenomenon, we characterized time-of-day effects on electrical seizure threshold in mice. Male C57BL/6J wild-type mice were maintained on a 14/10 h light/dark cycle, from birth until 6 weeks of age for seizure testing. Seizure thresholds were measured using a step-wise paradigm involving a single daily electrical stimulus. Results showed that the current required to elicit both generalized and maximal seizures was significantly higher in mice tested during the dark phase of the diurnal cycle compared to mice tested during the light phase. This rhythm was absent in BMAL1 knockout (KO) mice. BMAL1 KO also exhibited significantly reduced seizure thresholds at all times tested, compared to C57BL/6J mice. Results document a significant influence of time-of-day on electrical seizure threshold in mice and suggest that this effect is under the control of genes that are known to regulate circadian behaviors. Furthermore, low seizure thresholds in BMAL1 KO mice suggest that BMAL1 itself is directly involved in controlling neuronal excitability.
Contrast Dose and Radiation Dose Reduction in Abdominal Enhanced Computerized Tomography Scans with Single-phase Dual-energy Spectral Computerized Tomography Mode for Children with Solid Tumors

Background: Contrast dose and radiation dose reduction in computerized tomography (CT) scan for adult has been explored successfully, but there have been few studies on the application of low-concentration contrast in pediatric abdominal CT examinations. This was a feasibility study on the use of dual-energy spectral imaging and adaptive statistical iterative reconstruction (ASiR) for the reduction of radiation dose and iodine contrast dose in pediatric abdominal CT patients with solid tumors. Methods: Forty-five patients with solid tumors who had initial CT (Group B) and follow-up CT (Group A) after chemotherapy were enrolled. The initial diagnostic CT scan (Group B) was performed using the standard two-phase enhanced CT with 320 mgI/ml concentration contrast, and the follow-up scan (Group A) was performed using a single-phase enhanced CT at 45 s after the beginning of the 270 mgI/ml contrast injection using spectral mode. Forty percent ASiR was used for the images in Group B and monochromatic images with energy levels ≥60 keV in Group A. In addition, filtered back-projection (FBP) reconstruction was used for monochromatic images <60 keV in Group A. The total radiation dose, total iodine load, contrast injection speed, and maximum injection pressure were compared between the two groups. The 40 keV and 60 keV spectral CT images of Group A were compared with the images of Group B to evaluate overall image quality. Results: The total radiation dose, total iodine load, injection speed, and maximum injection pressure for Group A were decreased by 19%, 15%, 34.4%, and 18.3%, respectively. The optimal energy level in spectral CT for displaying the abdominal vessels was 40 keV. At this level, the CT values in the abdominal aorta and its three branches, the portal vein and its two branches, and the inferior vena cava were all greater than 340 hounsfield unit (HU). The abdominal organs of Groups A and B had similar degrees of absolute and relative enhancement (t = 0.36 and −1.716 for liver, −0.153 and −1.546 for pancreas, and 2.427 and 0.866 for renal cortex, all P > 0.05). Signal-to-noise ratio of the abdominal organs was significantly lower in Group A than in Group B (t = −8.11 for liver, −7.83 for pancreas, and −5.38 for renal cortex, all P < 0.05). However, the subjective scores for the 40 keV (FBP) and 60 keV (40% ASiR) spectral CT images determined by two radiologists were all >3, indicating clinically acceptable image quality. Conclusions: Single-phase, dual-energy spectral CT used for children with solid abdominal tumors can reduce contrast dose and radiation dose and can also maintain clinically acceptable image quality.
Reply: Atherosclerosis and vascular cognitive impairment neuropathological guideline.

Sir, Our aim in developing the vascular cognitive impairment neuropathological guidelines (VCING) was to establish criteria that we could show to be highly reproducible between neuropathologists in different centres, for post-mortem assessment of the likelihood that cognitive impairment was attributable to cerebrovascular pathology. To ensure reproducibility, we performed blinded post-mortem assessment of sections of brain tissue that were circulated to nine neuropathologists in centres across the UK. The advantage of this approach was that it enabled us to develop a protocol that can easily and reliably be applied in centres other than those participating in the VCING project. However, as noted by Oveisgharan and Hachinski (2016), our approach did impose certain practical constraints on the scope …
Bank-firm Relationships dan Kinerja Keuangan: Analisis pada Sektor Industri di Indonesia

Sesuai dengan fungsinya, bank berperan menstabilkan sistem keuangan, melalui perusahaan membantu meningkatkan kinerjanya. Namun peran ini mulai berkurang sejalan dengan adanya berbagai alternatif sumber keuangan bagi perusahaan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menguji pengaruh bank-firm relationships terhadap kinerja perusahaan dengan sampel perusahaan non keuangan yang tercatat pada Bursa Efek Indonesia sampai dengan tahun 2016. Data laporan keuangan bersumber pada Osiris database, sedangkan data sektor industri dikelompokkan menjadi dua sektor. Metode penelitian menggunakan analisis regresi data panel. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa melalui hutang perusahaan kepada bank, bank masih berperan meningkatkan kinerja yaitu basic earnings power pada perusahaan dalam kelompok sektor industri tertentu. Disamping itu, bank berperan meningkatkan pertumbuhan penjualan perusahaan tersebut. Hal ini menunjukkan bahwa pada sektor industri tertentu peran bank dalam membantu menyelesaikan permasalahan kesulitan keuangan perlu ditingkatkan.
Aromatase: Biologic Relevance of Tissue-Specific Expression

Aromatase p450 (p450arom) catalyzes the formation of estrogen in several human tissues under the control of alternatively used promoters. Each promoter is regulated by a distinct signaling pathway in a tissue- and hormone-specific manner. This article reviews these regulatory mechanisms in the ovary, adipose tissue, placenta, bone, brain, and various malignant cells. Moreover, the physiological and pathologic impacts of local estrogen biosynthesis in contrast to circulating estrogen or estrogen-responsive human tissues are discussed.
Efficient Graph-Based Resource Allocation Scheme Using Maximal Independent Set for Randomly- Deployed Small Star Networks

In future scenarios of heterogeneous and dense networks, randomly-deployed small star networks (SSNs) become a key paradigm, whose system performance is restricted to inter-SSN interference and requires an efficient resource allocation scheme for interference coordination. Traditional resource allocation schemes do not specifically focus on this paradigm and are usually too time consuming in dense networks. In this article, a very efficient graph-based scheme is proposed, which applies the maximal independent set (MIS) concept in graph theory to help divide SSNs into almost interference-free groups. We first construct an interference graph for the system based on a derived distance threshold indicating for any pair of SSNs whether there is intolerable inter-SSN interference or not. Then, SSNs are divided into MISs, and the same resource can be repetitively used by all the SSNs in each MIS. Empirical parameters and equations are set in the scheme to guarantee high performance. Finally, extensive scenarios both dense and nondense are randomly generated and simulated to demonstrate the performance of our scheme, indicating that it outperforms the classical max K-cut-based scheme in terms of system capacity, utility and especially time cost. Its achieved system capacity, utility and fairness can be close to the near-optimal strategy obtained by a time-consuming simulated annealing search.