Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
A Physics-Based Impact Ionization Model Using Six Moments of the Boltzmann Transport Equation

Due to the ever decreasing device geometries nonlocal eects gain more and more importance. It is particularly well known that impact ionization is not properly described by neither a local eld nor a local energy model because it is mainly determined by the highenergy tail of the carrier distribution function. Information about the high-energy tail is lost when only the average carrier energy is taken into account. To overcome this limitation, we use the fourth moment of the distribution function to account for the population of the high-energy tail. We propose a new impact ionization model using this tail temperature and compare the results obtained with existing models and Monte-Carlo simulations which show improvements obtained by our new model.
Genomic Heritability: What Is It?

Whole-genome regression methods are being increasingly used for the analysis and prediction of complex traits and diseases. In human genetics, these methods are commonly used for inferences about genetic parameters, such as the amount of genetic variance among individuals or the proportion of phenotypic variance that can be explained by regression on molecular markers. This is so even though some of the assumptions commonly adopted for data analysis are at odds with important quantitative genetic concepts. In this article we develop theory that leads to a precise definition of parameters arising in high dimensional genomic regressions; we focus on the so-called genomic heritability: the proportion of variance of a trait that can be explained (in the population) by a linear regression on a set of markers. We propose a definition of this parameter that is framed within the classical quantitative genetics theory and show that the genomic heritability and the trait heritability parameters are equal only when all causal variants are typed. Further, we discuss how the genomic variance and genomic heritability, defined as quantitative genetic parameters, relate to parameters of statistical models commonly used for inferences, and indicate potential inferential problems that are assessed further using simulations. When a large proportion of the markers used in the analysis are in LE with QTL the likelihood function can be misspecified. This can induce a sizable finite-sample bias and, possibly, lack of consistency of likelihood (or Bayesian) estimates. This situation can be encountered if the individuals in the sample are distantly related and linkage disequilibrium spans over short regions. This bias does not negate the use of whole-genome regression models as predictive machines; however, our results indicate that caution is needed when using marker-based regressions for inferences about population parameters such as the genomic heritability.
Local Ignition in Carbon-Oxygen White Dwarfs. I. One-Zone Ignition and Spherical Shock Ignition of Detonations

The details of ignition of Type Ia supernovae remain fuzzy, despite the importance of this input for any large-scale model of the final explosion. Here, we begin a process of understanding the ignition of these hot spots by examining the burning of one zone of material, and then we investigate the ignition of a detonation due to rapid heating at single point. We numerically measure the ignition delay time for onset of burning in mixtures of degenerate material and provide fitting formulae for conditions of relevance in the Type Ia problem. Using the neon abundance as a proxy for the white dwarf progenitor's metallicity, we then find that ignition times can decrease by ~20% with the addition of even 5% of neon by mass. When temperature fluctuations that successfully kindle a region are very rare, such a reduction in ignition time can increase the probability of ignition by orders of magnitude. If the neon comes largely at the expense of carbon, a similar decrease in the ignition time can occur. We then consider the ignition of a detonation by an explosive energy input in one localized zone, for example, a Sedov blast wave leading to a shock-ignited detonation. Building on previous work on curved detonations, we confirm that surprisingly large inputs of energy are required to successfully launch a detonation, leading to required match heads of ≈4500 detonation thicknesses—tens of centimeters to hundreds of meters—which is orders of magnitude larger than naive considerations might suggest. This is a very difficult constraint to meet for some pictures of a deflagration-to-detonation transition, such as a Zel'dovich gradient mechanism ignition in the distributed burning regime.
Weighted Decisions in a Fuzzy Random Forest

A multi-classifier system - obtained by combining sev- eral individual classifiers - usually exhibits a better performance (precision) than any of the original classifiers. In this work we use a multi-classifier based on a forest of randomly generated fuzzy deci- sion trees (Fuzzy Random Forest), and we propose a new method to combine their decisions to obtain the final decision of the forest. The proposed combination is a weighted method based on the concept of local fusion and on the data set Out Of Bag (OOB) error. Keywords— combination methods, fuzzy trees, local fusion, multi-classifier, random forest
aEEG Evolution during Therapeutic Hypothermia and Prediction of NICU Outcome in Encephalopathic Neonates

Background: Initial aEEG background pattern has been used as a predictor of neurological outcome after asphyxia and has been used as inclusion criterion for trials evaluating efficacy of therapeutic hypothermia in encephalopathic newborns. The utility of continuous aEEG monitoring during hypothermia has not been well described. Objectives: (1) To describe the evolution of aEEG during therapeutic hypothermia in newborns with encephalopathy, and (2) to evaluate the utility of continuous aEEG monitoring during therapeutic hypothermia. Methods: This is a retrospective review of continuous aEEG data from encephalopathic newborns treated with whole-body hypothermia. aEEG segments were scored for background and sleep-wake cycling (SWC). Sensitivity and specificity calculations and logistic regression analyses were performed to evaluate the ability of aEEG to predict death or severe MRI abnormality/significant neurological deficit at discharge. Results: aEEG data from 75 encephalopathic newborns were reviewed. Abnormal aEEG background was predictive of adverse outcome with increasing positive predictive value over the course of hypothermia. Few patients (5%) had early SWC, but 58% developed SWC by rewarming and all had favorable outcome. Conclusions: Persisting aEEG background abnormality beyond 48 h of life and lack of SWC over the course of hypothermia is predictive of adverse NICU outcome in encephalopathic newborns.
A novel broadband polarization diversity antenna using a cross-pair of folded dipoles

A /spl plusmn/45/spl deg/ polarization diversity antenna with wide bandwidth is presented in this paper. The antenna has a half-power beam width of 65/spl deg/ in the horizontal plane for use in wireless telecommunication base stations. Especially, a folded dipole antenna with a protruding part is used as a +45/spl deg/ polarization element and the another folded dipole with a concave part is used as a -45/spl deg/ polarization element. The protruding part and the concave part of dipoles make the two folded dipoles with the same height but not touching each other. With such a cross-pair of folded dipoles, a small polarization diversity antenna is constructed. The antenna was analyzed and optimized by the high frequency structure simulation software, and a good agreement was achieved between computation and experiments on the half-power beam width in the horizontal plane.
Diversity in planktonic communities: An experimental test of the intermediate disturbance hypothesis

According to Connell's intermediate disturbance hypothesis (IDH), diversity within a community is maximal at intermediate frequencies and intensities of disturbances. In order to test the IDH, disturbances of different frequencies and intensities were imposed on natural plankton communities in controlled field experiments. These disturbances consisted of an artificial deepening of the mixed layer, leading to the dilution of epilimnetic populations and to a higher level of nutrients. Intervals between disturbances ranged from 2 to 12 d. Different intensities of disturbance were caused by differences in the experimental mixing depth (150 and 225% of the original epilimnion depth). Investigation focused on the effect that disturbances had on the diversity of natural phytoplankton communities. Additionally, we were interested in determining the effect of grazing by zooplankton. The results of the field experiments show for the first time the applicability of the IDH to phytoplankton within complete planktonic communities. Diversity showed a clear maximum at the intermediate disturbance interval of 6 d. Similarly, species number peaked at intermediate interval length (6–10 d).
Dobutamine-atropine stress echocardiography for the detection of coronary artery disease in patients with left ventricular hypertrophy. Importance of chamber size and systolic wall stress.

BACKGROUND Left ventricular hypertrophy is a heterogeneous disorder with distinct morphologies. Changes in wall thickness, left ventricular chamber diameter, and mass alter systolic wall stress of the left ventricle and may influence ischemic threshold. Thus, the goal of this study was to investigate the effect of the different patterns of left ventricular hypertrophy on the accuracy of dobutamine-atropine stress echocardiography. METHODS AND RESULTS Three-hundred eighty-six patients underwent multistage dobutamine-atropine stress echocardiography and diagnostic angiography. Echocardiograms were measured for mean and relative wall thicknesses, chamber size, left ventricular mass, and end-systolic wall stress. The patterns of ventricular hypertrophy were concentric hypertrophy (increased wall thickness and mass), eccentric hypertrophy (normal wall thickness and increased mass), and concentric remodeling (increased wall thickness and normal mass). The overall sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy of dobutamine-atropine stress echocardiography for the detection of coronary artery disease were 85%, 87%, and 86%, respectively. Increased left ventricular mass index alone did not affect accuracy. Sensitivity was markedly reduced (36%) only in those with concentric remodeling. The univariate predictors of false-negative studies were single-vessel left circumflex disease, increased wall thickness, small chamber size, hyperdynamic ejection fraction, and left ventricular concentric remodeling. Multivariate predictors were concentric remodeling (P<0.0001; odds ratio, 13.5), left ventricular ejection fraction >2 SD above normal (P<0.0001), and single-vessel left circumflex disease (P<0.0007; odds ratio, 7.6). Sensitivity was excellent in patients with small ventricles and normal wall thickness and in those with normal or large chambers regardless of wall thickness. CONCLUSIONS Dobutamine-atropine stress echocardiography is an accurate test in most patients with left ventricular hypertrophy, but it is insensitive in the small subset with concentric remodeling.
Overview of fingerprint recognition system

This article is an overview of a current research based on fingerprint recognition system. In this paper we highlighted on the previous studies of fingerprint recognition system. This paper is a brief review in the conceptual and structure of fingerprint recognition. The basic fingerprint recognition system consists of four stages: firstly, the sensor which is used for enrolment & recognition to capture the biometric data. Secondly, the pre-processing stage which is used to remove unwanted data and increase the clarity of ridge structure by using enhancement technique. Thirdly, feature extraction stage which take the input from the output of the pre-processing stage to extract the fingerprint features. Fourthly, the matching stage is to compare the acquired feature with the template in the database. Finally, the database which stores the features for the matching stags. The aim of this paper is to review various recently work on fingerprint recognition system and explain fingerprint recognition stages step by step and give summaries of fingerprint databases with characteristics.
Book recommendation system for utilisation of library services

In addition to using the many conventional approaches for making recommendation systems, this paper proposes a complementary recommendation methodology. It is focused on book recommendation. It proposes to make a comprehensive data repository of existing books, available at the level of the user (in a library or a personal bookshelf). Further, by retrieving web reviews of available books and new books by using existing web services, an infrastructure has been developed for need-based book recommendation system. Implementation results show that our book recommendation allows a user to eliminate irrelevant books and presents the desired books to the user from given book set. The proposed book recommender is one of the first systems in terms of focusing on meeting individuals' needs rather than calculating similarity or preferences automatically, which is adopted by the traditional recommender system.
Applicant Age as a Subjective Employability Factor: A Study of Workers Over and Under Age Fifty

Three hundred employers in a suburban area of the Pacific Northwest were surveyed by mail. Ninety-eight (i.e., 33%) responded with their perceptions of older (ages 50 and over) and younger (aged 49 and under) workers on 12 attributes. In contrast to previous research, this study found more favorable ratings for older workers overall, including such categories as attendance and salary expectations. Younger workers were rated more favorably on the attributes computer skills, energy levels, flexibility, and learning ability. An in-group bias was found for ratings of older workers by older employers.
Visible-Light-Induced Bactericidal Activity of a Nitrogen-Doped Titanium Photocatalyst against Human Pathogens

ABSTRACT The antibacterial activity of photocatalytic titanium dioxide (TiO2) substrates is induced primarily by UV light irradiation. Recently, nitrogen- and carbon-doped TiO2 substrates were shown to exhibit photocatalytic activities under visible-light illumination. Their antibacterial activity, however, remains to be quantified. In this study, we demonstrated that nitrogen-doped TiO2 substrates have superior visible-light-induced bactericidal activity against Escherichia coli compared to pure TiO2 and carbon-doped TiO2 substrates. We also found that protein- and light-absorbing contaminants partially reduce the bactericidal activity of nitrogen-doped TiO2 substrates due to their light-shielding effects. In the pathogen-killing experiment, a significantly higher proportion of all tested pathogens, including Shigella flexneri, Listeria monocytogenes, Vibrio parahaemolyticus, Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus pyogenes, and Acinetobacter baumannii, were killed by visible-light-illuminated nitrogen-doped TiO2 substrates than by pure TiO2 substrates. These findings suggest that nitrogen-doped TiO2 has potential application in the development of alternative disinfectants for environmental and medical usages.
Two-Dimensional Inverse FDA for Face Recognition

In this paper, we propose a two-dimensional Inverse Fisher Discriminant Analysis (2DIFDA) method for feature extraction and face recognition. This method combines the ideas of two-dimensional principal component analysis and Inverse FDA and it can directly extracts the optimal projective vectors from 2D image matrices rather than image vectors based on the inverse fisher discriminant criterion. Experiments on the FERET face databases show that the new method outperforms the PCA , 2DPCA, Fisherfaces and the inverse fisher discriminant analysis.
Acute alcohol intoxication impairs controlled search across the visual field.

OBJECTIVE The objective of the two experiments reported was to examine the effects of acute alcohol intoxication and of alcohol expectancies on controlled search across the visual field. METHOD After receiving an oral dose of 0.5 g/kg alcohol (Experiment 1), an oral dose of 0.7 g/kg alcohol (Experiment 2), or a placebo, participants searched for a target in large arrays of homogeneous distractors that were either highly similar or less similar to the target. Targets were systematically placed at fixation and at visual angles of 2.5 degrees , 5.0 degrees , 7.5 degrees , and 10.0 degrees . RESULTS Target detection was less accurate in the placebo condition of both experiments than in the no-beverage control group, suggesting that alcohol expectancies had a negative effect on controlled search. The effects of alcohol at the lower dose and of the placebo on visual search were not different (Experiment 1). At the higher dose, the negative effects of target eccentricity on the accuracy of target detection were larger when targets appeared among highly similar distractors, compared with the placebo condition and with a no-beverage control group. Target eccentricity effects on accuracy or speed were not observed at either dose when targets and distractors were dissimilar. CONCLUSIONS Acute alcohol intoxication at either a low or high dose and placebo-associated intoxication expectancies have a detrimental effect on controlled visual search in large arrays. Acute alcohol intoxication at a high dosage exaggerates the detrimental effects of target eccentricity and of task difficulty on controlled visual search.
Wire-Speed Implementation of Sliding-Window Aggregate Operator over Out-of-Order Data Streams

This paper shows the design and evaluation of an FPGA-based accelerator for sliding-window aggregation over data streams with out-of-order data arrival. We propose an order-agnostic hardware implementation technique for windowing operators based on a one-pass query evaluation strategy called Window-ID, which is originally proposed for software implementation. The proposed implementation succeeds to process out-of-order data items, or tuples, at wire speed due to the simultaneous evaluations of overlapping sliding-windows. In order to verify the effectiveness of the proposed approach, we have also implemented an experimental system as a case study. Our experiments demonstrate that the proposed accelerator with a network interface achieves an effective throughput around 760 Mbps or equivalently nearly 6 million tuples per second, by fully utilizing the available bandwidth of the network interface.
Why Teachers Must Become Change Agents

Teaching at its core is a moral profession. Scratch a good teacher and you will find a moral purpose. At the Faculty of Education, University of Toronto, we recently examined why people enter the teaching profession (Stiegelbauer 1992). In a random sample of 20 percent of 1,100 student teachers, the most frequently mentioned theme was "to make a difference in the lives of students. " Of course, such statements cannot be taken at face value because people have a variety of motives for becoming teachers. Nonetheless, there is a strong kernel of truth to this conclusion.
China’s Policies for Minority Nationalities in Higher Education: Negotiating National Values and Ethnic Identities

The last quarter of the twentieth century brought increasing tensions between those who demand local and those who demand national identities. In some cases these tensions led to the dissolution of nation-states along ethnic lines, as in the former Soviet Union and Yugoslavia. Because schools serve not only the economic but also the political integration needs of nation-states, the education system provides an arena within which to view the relations between national and ethnic identities. Political authorities and educators in many nations claim that their public educational systems are meant to provide disadvantaged minorities with educational and economic opportunities equal to those of the majority. Yet the challenge facing all systems is how schools can help minorities to gain access to a social and economic system that is dominated by the values of the majority while, at the same time, retaining their separate ethnic group cultures and identities. China’s approach to the problem of educating its more than 100 million minority nationalities is relevant to this question. With the world’s largest population and up to 100 different mother tongues, China grants numerous preferences to minorities. Since the 1980s preferential policies for minorities have been promoted in China toward decreasing differences in education and living standards as well as reducing tensions between various minority groups and the majority Han. These policies have the ultimate aim of ensuring ethnic stability, national integration, and economic development in minority areas. Such policies include bilingual education and university admissions quotas for minority applicants. This study explores China’s educational policies for ethnic minorities in one particular academic setting, the Central University for Nationalities (CUN) in Beijing, and how these policies are experienced by the students who are supposed to benefit from them. The study takes an emic perspective by looking at the perceptions of minority students at CUN on how these policies shape their social and economic opportunities and at how these
Universal Global Imprints of Genome Growth and Evolution – Equivalent Length and Cumulative Mutation Density

Background Segmental duplication is widely held to be an important mode of genome growth and evolution. Yet how this would affect the global structure of genomes has been little discussed. Methods/Principal Findings Here, we show that equivalent length, or , a quantity determined by the variance of fluctuating part of the distribution of the -mer frequencies in a genome, characterizes the latter's global structure. We computed the s of 865 complete chromosomes and found that they have nearly universal but (-dependent) values. The differences among the of a chromosome and those of its coding and non-coding parts were found to be slight. Conclusions We verified that these non-trivial results are natural consequences of a genome growth model characterized by random segmental duplication and random point mutation, but not of any model whose dominant growth mechanism is not segmental duplication. Our study also indicates that genomes have a nearly universal cumulative “point” mutation density of about 0.73 mutations per site that is compatible with the relatively low mutation rates of (15)10/site/Mya previously determined by sequence comparison for the human and E. coli genomes.
Co-Teaching at the Secondary Level: Unique Issues, Current Trends, and Suggestions for Success

This paper provides readers with an overview of the unique issues present in secondary classrooms and their impact on the practice of collaborative teaching between general and special educators. The authors focus on the changes that are occurring in secondary classrooms related to varied structures (such as block scheduling), higher standards, high stakes testing, a more diverse society, and how co-teaching can better address these issues. Readers are provided with practical strategies to enhance the effectiveness of teachers working together as well as tips to avoid the potential pitfalls when teaming at the secondary level.