Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Oncogenic miR-17/20a Forms a Positive Feed-forward Loop with the p53 Kinase DAPK3 to Promote Tumorigenesis*

Background: miR-17/20a are oncogenic microRNAs in human cancers. Results: A p53 kinase DAPK3 was identified as a key target for miR-17/20a to promote tumorigenesis. Conclusion: miR-17/20a and DAPK3 form a positive feed-forward loop to amplify tumorigenic signals. Significance: Data suggest a key microRNA-mediated tumorigenic pathway. MicroRNAs (miRs) are a class of small regulatory RNAs that have been implicated in diverse biological pathways, including cancer. miR-17/20a encoded by the c13orf25 locus is among the first miRs discovered to have oncogenic functions. The E2F family members have been established as the targets for these oncomiRs, which form a negative feedback loop to control cell cycle progression. However, this pathway does not seem to be sufficient to account for elevated expression of these oncomiRs in cancer cells to promote tumorigenesis. Here we report that miR-17/20a targets a p53 activating kinase DAPK3, leading to p53-dependent transcriptional de-repression of the oncomiRs. We demonstrate that DAPK3 plays a central role in preventing miR-17/20a depletion-induced genome instability and in miR-17/20a overexpression-triggered tumor formation. This newly identified tumorigenic pathway may thus contribute to miR-17/20a amplification and tumor growth in diverse human cancers.
Chronic Intermittent Ethanol Treatment Selectively Alters N-Methyl-d-aspartate Receptor Subunit Surface Expression in Cultured Cortical Neurons

A chronic intermittent ethanol (CIE) exposure regimen consists of repeated episodes of ethanol intoxication and withdrawal. CIE treatment has been reported to result in a significant enhancement of N-methyl-d-aspartate (NMDA) receptor-mediated synaptic responses in vivo, and trafficking of NMDA receptors is emerging a key regulatory mechanism that underlies the channel function. Therefore, in the present study, we examined the effects of CIE on NMDA receptor subunit surface expression. Cultured cortical neurons were exposed to 75 mM ethanol for 14 h followed by 10 h of withdrawal, repeated this cycle five times, and followed by 2 or 5 days of withdrawal. Surface-expressed NMDA receptor subunits and their endocytosis were measured by biotinylation and Western blots. CIE significantly increased NMDA receptor (NR) 1 and NR2B but not NR2A subunit surface expression after 5 days of treatment. However, CIE treatment did not reduce the NMDA receptor endocytosis. Quantification of immunocytochemistry confirmed CIE-induced increase in both the total number of NR1 and NR2B subunit clusters and their targeting to synaptic sites. It is noteworthy that this effect persisted even after ethanol withdrawal with a peak expression occurring between 0 and 2 days after withdrawal, and the expression on the plasma membrane was still at high levels after 5 days of withdrawal. In addition, this was accompanied by significant increases in postsynaptic density protein 95 clusters. Protein kinase A inhibitor completely reversed CIE-induced increase in NR1 and partially in NR2B surface level and a long-lasting effect. These changes may contribute to the development of ethanol-induced neurotoxicity and ethanol dependence.
Overcoming Resistance to Persuasion VIA Contiguous Reinforcement and Repetition of Message

This study examined the effects of a contiguity learning model which posited one-trial learning based upon accurate knowledge of results as a reinforcer. A reconceptualization of reinforcing stimuli in the resistance to persuasion paradigm is experimentally tested. Repetition of the persuasive message was tested as part of the developed learning model and as a replication of earlier research. Knowledge of correct results and message repetition were manipulated to overcome resistance to persuasion created by pretreatment inoculation. Inoculation and persuasive attack messages were carefully created to control for a number of important message variables. A pilot study with 219 subjects tested effectiveness of the message. The actual experiment included 162 subjects in a three-way factorial analysis of variance design with inoculation, reinforcement, and repetition of message as predictor variables. Predicted main effects for each independent variable on posttest attitudes were found. Moreover, the pattern of posttest attitude means was exactly as posited. Discussion centered on the use of this learning model in research on persuasion.
Effect of parasitic capacitances and resistances on the RF performance of nanoscale MOSFETs

The effect of parasitic capacitances and resistances on RF performance is investigated for a recently reported 30-nm transistor with regrown source and drain structure which is to reduce the access resistance in nanoscale MOSFETs. The relatively large lateral parasitic capacitances from the gate electrode to the regrown source and drain regions are quantitatively determined to estimate their impact on the transistor's RF performance. The current gain cut-off frequency fT of such a transistor is estimated to be about 320 GHz using small-signal equivalent circuit model calculations. With the significantly reduced parasitic series resistances due to the regrown source and drain structures, the maximum frequency of oscillation fmax can attain up to 530 GHz. The parasitic circuit elements are identified to have varying degree of impact on the RF performance. This brings important implication in the device design and structure optimization in nanoscale transistors for RF applications.
Path Generation for Industrial Robots

Path generation in Cartesian space is discussed and the idea of using lines and arcs to create general paths is presented. To make smooth paths in Cartesian space zones are introduced and two different ways to interpolate zones are given. An algorithm for transforming a Cartesian path into a cubic spline representation in joint space is presented and also evaluated in an example. An important aspect of the proposed algorithm is that the resulting path in joint-space has a bounded Cartesian space error.
Causality Analysis of Neural Connectivity: Critical Examination of Existing Methods and Advances of New Methods

Granger causality (GC) is one of the most popular measures to reveal causality influence of time series and has been widely applied in economics and neuroscience. Especially, its counterpart in frequency domain, spectral GC, as well as other Granger-like causality measures have recently been applied to study causal interactions between brain areas in different frequency ranges during cognitive and perceptual tasks. In this paper, we show that: 1) GC in time domain cannot correctly determine how strongly one time series influences the other when there is directional causality between two time series, and 2) spectral GC and other Granger-like causality measures have inherent shortcomings and/or limitations because of the use of the transfer function (or its inverse matrix) and partial information of the linear regression model. On the other hand, we propose two novel causality measures (in time and frequency domains) for the linear regression model, called new causality and new spectral causality, respectively, which are more reasonable and understandable than GC or Granger-like measures. Especially, from one simple example, we point out that, in time domain, both new causality and GC adopt the concept of proportion, but they are defined on two different equations where one equation (for GC) is only part of the other (for new causality), thus the new causality is a natural extension of GC and has a sound conceptual/theoretical basis, and GC is not the desired causal influence at all. By several examples, we confirm that new causality measures have distinct advantages over GC or Granger-like measures. Finally, we conduct event-related potential causality analysis for a subject with intracranial depth electrodes undergoing evaluation for epilepsy surgery, and show that, in the frequency domain, all measures reveal significant directional event-related causality, but the result from new spectral causality is consistent with event-related time-frequency power spectrum activity. The spectral GC as well as other Granger-like measures are shown to generate misleading results. The proposed new causality measures may have wide potential applications in economics and neuroscience.
Specifications for Multi-Level Security and a Hook-Up

In this paper, we give a brief description of several formalisms for computer security, and discuss some of the problems in their interpretation and application. We define the property of "hook-up security", which can be shown to imply that a collection of hook-up secure systems can be hooked up to form a secure complex system. We believe this result addresses some of the problems with other definitions of security, and will be valuable in the design of large secure systems from simpler secure components.
Electron Micrographs of Myelin Figures of Phospholipide Simulating Intracellular Membranes

In an earlier study (3) it was observed that if cells isolated from guinea pig testis were allowed to stand in Tyrode solution, the endoplasmic reticulum gave rise to concentric systems of membranes (Fig. 1) strongly reminiscent of the myelin figures studied in great detail by Nageotte (6). These findings suggested that an electron microscope study of phospholipide films formed in vitro might shed some light on the behavior of cytoplasmic membranes observed in vivo, and might also provide information of value in interpreting the chemical nature of the membrane components responsible for the dense lines seen in electron micrographs of cells. In thin sections of osmiumfixed tissue, the individual membranes (~90 A) exhibit a characteristic fine structure consisting of two dense layers (~30 A) separated by a region of lower density (~30 A). Owing to our poor understanding of the mechanism of fixation and staining with osmium tetroxide, this doublecontoured appearance has been variously interpreted. Some investigators, adhering to the traditional view that osmium reacts primarily with the double bonds of unsaturated fatty acids, have considered the dense components of the membranes to be lipide. Other workers, taking cognizance of recent studies (I) showing that osmium also reacts with certain amino acids, have interpreted the two dark lines as representing mainly protein, while the light interspace is believed to consist of a bimolecular leaflet of lipide (8-10). The lack of staining of the latter with osmium has usually been attributed to a high degree of saturation of the hydrocarbon chains or to extraction of lipide in the course of specimen preparation. The model systems of membranes described in this preliminary report were produced in vitro by hydrating phospholipides which, although inhomogeneous in lipide content, were essentially
Discriminative weight training for unit-selection based speech synthesis

Concatenative speech synthesis by selecting units from large database has become popular due to its high quality in synthesized speech. The units are selected by minimizing the combination of target and join costs for a given sentence. In this paper, we propose a new approach to train the weight parameters associated with the cost functions used for unit selection in concatenative speech synthesis. We ﬁrst view the unit selection as a classiﬁcation problem, and apply the discriminative training technique which is found an efﬁcient way to parameter estimation in speech recognition. Instead of deﬁning an objective function which accounts for the subjective speech quality, we take the classiﬁcation error as the objective function to be optimized. The classiﬁcation error is approximated by a smooth function and the relevant parameters are updated by means of the gradient descent technique.
Full-star type Ia supernova explosion models

We present full-star simulations of type Ia supernova explosions on the basis of the standard Chandrasekhar-mass deflagration model. Most simulations so far considered only one spatial octant and assumed mirror symmetry to the other octants. Two full-star models are evolved to homologous expansion and compared with previous single-octant simulations. Therefrom we analyze the effect of abolishing the artificial symmetry constraint on the evolution of the flame surface. It turns out that the development of asymmetries depends on the chosen initial flame configuration. Such asymmetries of the explosion process could possibly contribute to the observed polarization of some type Ia supernova spectra.
Epidemiologic Typing of Salmonella enterica Serotype Enteritidis in a Canada-Wide Outbreak of Gastroenteritis due to Contaminated Cheese

ABSTRACT A major Canada-wide outbreak of gastroenteritis due toSalmonella enterica serotype Enteritidis phage type (PT) 8 occurred in 1998, and this was traced to contaminated cheese in a commercial lunch pack product. Phage typing and pulsed-field gel electrophoresis linked the clinical and cheese isolates of serotype Enteritidis but failed to differentiate outbreak from nonoutbreak PT 8 strains. Further differentiation was made by biotyping based on melibiose fermentation.
Coupled-cavity two-dimensional photonic crystal waveguide ring laser

Coupled-cavity hexagonal ringlike photonic crystal lasers are fabricated as a class of single mode photonic crystal laser light sources. The structures are formed by placing one missing hole nanocavity (H1 type) between each two segments at 60° that form the hexagonal ringlike photonic crystal laser. The H1 cavities act as a mode filter, clamping the frequency of emission of the laser device. The emission frequency in these rings with cavities varies as the filling factor is changed, allowing the tuning of the laser emission. Stable single mode lasing occurs with side mode suppression greater than 20dB. This kind of devices may be used as an efficient selective filter of modes and may have important applications in future photonic devices for optical communications and optical sensing.
The Impact of Domestic Responsibilities on the Academic Achievement of Married Women in College of Education, Azare

This study focuses on the impact of domestic responsibilities on the academic achievement of married women in College of Education, Azare, Bauchi state. The study sample was one hundred and twenty (120) married women selected through disproportionate stratified random sampling technique. The design adopted for this study was descriptive survey. The instruments for this study were questionnaire and results records. The questionnaire was administered to the sample and end of semester results were collected from the exams offices of the college. It was observed that married women in the College were performing a lot of domestic activities, such as cooking food for the family, taking care of the children, providing sexual satisfaction to their husbands, conception, giving birth, all during their studies period. It was also discovered that married women were finding it difficult in combining academic and domestic activities together but dedication and hardworking were their weapons. Finally, it was found out that they (married women) were also performing well like other students (males and single women) because they obtained a mean of 2.54 CGPA. It was recommended that the service of house help needs to be employed for married women, special scholarship should be provided for married women. DOI: 10.5901/jesr.2014. v4n7p101
CSMT: Simultaneous Multithreading for Clustered VLIW Processors

Simultaneous MultiThreading (SMT) is a well-known technique that improves resource utilization by exploiting thread-level parallelism at the instruction grain level. However, implementing SMT for VLIWs requires complex structures, which is contrary to the VLIW philosophy of hardware simplicity. In this paper, we propose Cluster-level Simultaneous MultiThreading (CSMT) to allow some degree of SMT in clustered VLIW processors with low hardware cost and complexity. CSMT considers the set of operations that execute simultaneously in a given cluster as the assignment unit. To minimize cluster conflicts between threads, a very simple hardware-based cluster renaming mechanism is proposed. The hardware required to implement CSMT is cheap, realistic, and practical for a clustered VLIW processor. An analysis of the hardware required to implement CSMT shows that it is quite scalable, with up to eight threads easily supported at low hardware cost. The experimental results show that CSMT significantly improves performance when compared with other multithreading approaches suited for VLIW. For instance, with four threads, CSMT shows an average speedup of 110 percent over a single-thread VLIW architecture and 40 percent over Interleaved MultiThreading (IMT). In some cases, speedup can be as high as 225 percent over single-thread architecture and 84 percent over IMT.
PyClaw: Accessible, Extensible, Scalable Tools for Wave Propagation Problems

Development of scientific software involves tradeoffs between ease of use, generality, and performance. We describe the design of a general hyperbolic PDE solver that can be operated with the convenience of MATLAB yet achieves efficiency near that of hand-coded Fortran and scales to the largest supercomputers. This is achieved by using Python for most of the code while employing automatically wrapped Fortran kernels for computationally intensive routines, and using Python bindings to interface with a parallel computing library and other numerical packages. The software described here is PyClaw, a Python-based structured grid solver for general systems of hyperbolic PDEs [K. T. Mandli et al., PyClaw Software, Version 1.0, http://numerics.kaust. edu.sa/pyclaw/ (2011)]. PyClaw provides a powerful and intuitive interface to the algorithms of the existing Fortran codes Clawpack and SharpClaw, simplifying code development and use while providing massive parallelism and scalable solvers via the PETSc library. The.
Genotype combinations of plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 and angiotensin-converting enzyme genes and risk for early onset of coronary heart disease

Background Both angiotensin-converting enzyme genotype and plasminogen activator inhibitor type 1 genotype have an effect on fibrinolytic components and hence, may increase risk or advance occurrence of coronary heart disease. We examined the association of the angiotensin-converting enzyme and the plasminogen activator inhibitor type 1 genotypes, and their combinations, with early onset of coronary heart disease in a cohort of 907 patients with coronary heart disease. Design and methods All patients with a coronary heart disease (International Classification of Diseases, 9th Rev. pos. 410–414), aged 30–70 years and participating in an inpatient rehabilitation program between January 1999 and May 2000 in two clinical centres in Germany were enrolled. The plasminogen activator inhibitor type 1 and the angiotensin-converting enzyme genotypes were determined by polymerase chain reaction, and the distribution was compared between patients with early (>55 years) and late (>55 years) onset of coronary heart disease. A multivariate analysis was employed to adjust for potentially confounding factors. Results Of the 907 included patients, 408 (45.0%) developed coronary heart disease before the age of 55 years. For the 4G/4G genotype of plasminogen activator inhibitor type 1 the odds ratio for early onset of coronary heart disease was 1.68 [95% confidence interval (CI) 1.01–2.57] and for the D/D genotype of angiotensin-converting enzyme the odds ratio was 1.22 (95% CI 0.84–1.76) after adjustment for covariates. In multivariate analysis an odds ratio of 3.10 (95% CI 1.51–6.36) was found for the association between the combined homozygosity for both polymorphisms (plasminogen activator inhibitor type 1 genotype 4G/4G and angiotensin-converting enzyme genotype D/D) and onset of coronary heart disease before the age of 55 years after controlling for sex, age, smoking, diabetes, hypertension, hyperlipidemia and school education. Conclusion The co-existence of the 4G/5G polymorphism of the plasminogen activator inhibitor type 1 gene and the I/D polymorphism of the angiotensin-converting enzyme gene increases the risk for early onset of coronary heart disease in this population. Eur J Cardiovasc Prev Rehabil 13:449–456 © 2006 The European Society of Cardiology
Optimal Contracts for Lenient Supervisors

We analyze optimal contracts in a hierarchy consisting of a principal, a supervisor and an agent. The supervisor is either neutral or altruistic towards the agent, but his preferences are private information. In a model with two supervisor types, we find that the optimal contract may be very simple, paying the supervisor a flat wage independent of his type and his evaluation of the agent's effort. Such a contract induces the neutral type of supervisor to report the agent's performance truthfully, while the altruistic type reports favorably independent of performance. Accordingly, overstated performance (leniency bias) may be the outcome of an optimal contract under informational asymmetries.
Localized zones of Rho and Rac activities drive initiation and expansion of epithelial cell–cell adhesion

Spatiotemporal coordination of cell–cell adhesion involving lamellipodial interactions, cadherin engagement, and the lateral expansion of the contact is poorly understood. Using high-resolution live-cell imaging, biosensors, and small molecule inhibitors, we investigate how Rac1 and RhoA regulate actin dynamics during de novo contact formation between pairs of epithelial cells. Active Rac1, the Arp2/3 complex, and lamellipodia are initially localized to de novo contacts but rapidly diminish as E-cadherin accumulates; further rounds of activation and down-regulation of Rac1 and Arp2/3 occur at the contacting membrane periphery, and this cycle repeats as a restricted membrane zone that moves outward with the expanding contact. The cortical bundle of actin filaments dissolves beneath the expanding contacts, leaving actin bundles at the contact edges. RhoA and actomyosin contractility are activated at the contact edges and are required to drive expansion and completion of cell–cell adhesion. We show that zones of Rac1 and lamellipodia activity and of RhoA and actomyosin contractility are restricted to the periphery of contacting membranes and together drive initiation, expansion, and completion of cell–cell adhesion.