Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Genome‐Wide Association Mapping of Leaf Rust Response in a Durum Wheat Worldwide Germplasm Collection

Thirteen durum wheat accessions showed resistance to all Puccinia triticina races tested GWAS revealed 88 SNPs (37 loci) associated with leaf rust response in durum wheat Associations were identified on all chromosomes except 1B and 7B GWAS revealed 14 previously uncharacterized loci for leaf rust resistance
The peloton bicycling simulator

Peloton is a sports simulator that uses the Virtual Reality Modeling Language (VRML) to create virtual environments for athletic training and competition. In particular, it creates environments suitable for touring or racing along road courses. Users participate in simulations by walking or running on treadmills or by pedaling stationary bicycles. Each user’s exercise equipment is attached to a local computer, and these computers are connected to simulation servers by the World Wide Web. Users may exercise alone or share Peloton virtual spaces with others. Peloton’s virtual environments reproduce sights, sounds, and terrain features from actual road courses. The visual component of this environment is a synthetic, three-dimensional landscape, modeled in VRML, which combines computer-generated graphics with images of actual road courses. The virtual environment also provides simulation participants with force feedback corresponding to a course’s changing terrain. The simulator changes the incline of the treadmill or alters the pedaling resistance to create this feedback. This paper describes the bicycling simulations enabled by Peloton. It also discusses the role of VRML in the system’s implementation, focusing on how its virtual worlds are generated from topological data, how cameras and third-person viewpoints are managed, and how unconventional input/output devices are incorporated. CR
Toward a Descriptive Model of Parent–Offspring Communication about Alcohol and Other Drugs

This study examined the narratives of 75 parent–offspring pairs who were asked to relate their shared drug prevention conversations. A descriptive model of parent–offspring drug talks (PODT) was developed to address the form, content, and function of parent–offspring discourse about drugs and drug use. Additionally, two temporal approaches to socializing conservative drug use norms were identified – targeted socialization and integrated socialization. Over two-thirds of the respondents reported integrating ongoing socialization efforts into the fabric of their everyday lives in contrast to more targeted one-shot ‘drug talks. ’
From Intended Strategies to Unintended Outcomes: The Impact of Change Recipient Sensemaking

The tendency for intended strategies to lead to unintended consequences is well documented. This longitudinal, real-time analysis of planned change implementation provides an explanation for this phenomenon. We focus on the social processes of interaction between middle managers as change recipients as they try to make sense of the change interventions. We show the extent to which lateral, informal processes of inter-recipient sensemaking contribute to both intended and unintended change outcomes, and therefore the unpredictable, emergent nature of strategic change. The findings raise the issue of the extent to which it is possible to manage evolving recipient interpretations during change implementation.
Relating First-Order Set Theories and Elementary Toposes

Abstract We show how to interpret the language of first-order set theory in an elementary topos endowed with, as extra structure, a directed structural system of inclusions (dssi). As our main result, we obtain a complete axiomatization of the intuitionistic set theory validated by all such interpretations. Since every elementary topos is equivalent to one carrying a dssi, we thus obtain a first-order set theory whose associated categories of sets are exactly the elementary toposes. In addition, we show that the full axiom of Separation is validated whenever the dssi is superdirected. This gives a uniform explanation for the known facts that cocomplete and realizability toposes provide models for Intuitionistic Zermelo–Fraenkel set theory (IZF).
Identification of Functional Subclasses in the DJ-1 Superfamily Proteins

Genomics has posed the challenge of determination of protein function from sequence and/or 3-D structure. Functional assignment from sequence relationships can be misleading, and structural similarity does not necessarily imply functional similarity. Proteins in the DJ-1 family, many of which are of unknown function, are examples of proteins with both sequence and fold similarity that span multiple functional classes. THEMATICS (theoretical microscopic titration curves), an electrostatics-based computational approach to functional site prediction, is used to sort proteins in the DJ-1 family into different functional classes. Active site residues are predicted for the eight distinct DJ-1 proteins with available 3-D structures. Placement of the predicted residues onto a structural alignment for six of these proteins reveals three distinct types of active sites. Each type overlaps only partially with the others, with only one residue in common across all six sets of predicted residues. Human DJ-1 and YajL from Escherichia coli have very similar predicted active sites and belong to the same probable functional group. Protease I, a known cysteine protease from Pyrococcus horikoshii, and PfpI/YhbO from E. coli, a hypothetical protein of unknown function, belong to a separate class. THEMATICS predicts a set of residues that is typical of a cysteine protease for Protease I; the prediction for PfpI/YhbO bears some similarity. YDR533Cp from Saccharomyces cerevisiae, of unknown function, and the known chaperone Hsp31 from E. coli constitute a third group with nearly identical predicted active sites. While the first four proteins have predicted active sites at dimer interfaces, YDR533Cp and Hsp31 both have predicted sites contained within each subunit. Although YDR533Cp and Hsp31 form different dimers with different orientations between the subunits, the predicted active sites are superimposable within the monomer structures. Thus, the three predicted functional classes form four different types of quaternary structures. The computational prediction of the functional sites for protein structures of unknown function provides valuable clues for functional classification.
Average error exponent of undetected error probability of binary matrix ensembles

We evaluate average error exponent of the undetected error probability of binary matrix ensembles by applying statistical-mechanics approach, which is called the “quenched” average error exponent. In the exixting analysis, the “annealed” average error exponent, which is the error exponent of the average undetected error probability, has been evaluated. The quenched average error exponent is more suitable to capture typical behaviors. We show that there are some cases where the annealed exponent is overestimated for the irregular sparse matrix ensemble. We also show that the quenched average error exponent is equivalent to the annealed average error exponents for the regular sparse matrix ensemble.
Anti-human-cytomegalovirus immunoglobulin G levels in glioma risk and prognosis

The role of human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) in glioma development and progression remains controversial. The purpose of our study was to assess the potential associations between anti‐HCMV antibodies (immunoglobulin G [IgG] and immunoglobulin M [IgM]) and glioma risk and prognosis using data from the Harris County Case–Control Study. Multivariable logistic regression models were utilized to estimate odds ratios and 95% confidence intervals (CI) for the associations between glioma status and antibody levels among glioma cases (n = 362) and cancer‐free controls (n = 462). Hazard ratios and 95% CIs were calculated using Cox proportional hazards regression, adjusting for age, race, and sex, to determine if antibody levels were associated with survival over time among cases. Among IgG‐positive participants, increasing anti‐HCMV IgG levels were associated with decreasing glioma risk (P for trend = 0.0008), and those with the lowest level of anti‐HCMV IgG (<10 U/mL) had the highest glioma risk, controlling for age, sex, and race/ethnicity (OR: 2.51, 95% CI: 1.42–4.43). Antibody levels were not associated with survival among glioma cases. Our study contributes new evidence toward the potential importance of the direct and indirect effects of HCMV infection in gliomagenesis.
Perspective, meaning, and remembering

Historical truth does not founder chiefly on the unreliability of memory or the arbitrariness of an interpreter's reconstructive attempts, but on the reflective mutability of meanings themselves. Rosenwald and Ochberg (1992) An essential premise of cognitive psychology is that people selectively process the information available to them in their world. Attention is limited and tends to be guided by goals, expectancies, or prior knowledge. Because we categorize situations and events according to features abstracted and generalized from experience, we may overlook or misinterpret information when a familiar pattern can be easily read into a situation. Although processing is selective, it has a coherence that derives from the distinctive organization of knowledge and feeling that characterizes each person. Thus, experiencing is inevitably an expression of a perspective or point of view. Perspective is an ill-defined concept, but Novak's characterization of standpoint provides a working definition of the term: A standpoint … is a complex of all those things that compose an inquiring who . It is the complex of past experience, a range of sensibility, accumulated images and imaginative patterns, interests, bodies of insights already appropriated, purposes, structured and unstructured passions, criteria of evidence and relevance, the repertoire of already affirmed concrete judgments, values, goals, decisions. (1978, p. 55) In effect perspective is the integrated operation of both stable and transient factors that shape a person's state of mind moment by moment. Research on memory and on social cognition has amply demonstrated that events can be experienced in qualitatively different ways.
Emotionally Assisted Human–Robot Interaction Using a Wearable Device for Reading Facial Expressions

Abstract In this paper, we introduce a novel paradigm of emotionally assisted interaction between humans and robots. We present a personal wearable device that can be worn on the side of the face to unobtrusively and continuously detect physiological signals that are a mixture of facial electromyographic signals. Through real-time pattern classification, facial expressions can be identified from them and interpreted as positive and negative responses from a human. We report on successful facial expression identification using Independent Component Analysis and an Artificial Neural Network, and show the design of the interface device that can be used for coaching a real robot.
Noname Manuscript No. Hierarchical Linear Models for Energy Prediction Using Inertial Sensors: a Comparative Study for Treadmill Walking

Walking is a commonly available activity to maintain a healthy lifestyle. Accurately tracking and measuring calories expended during walking can improve user feedback and intervention measures. Inertial sensors are a promising measurement tool to achieve this purpose. An important aspect in mapping inertial sensor data to energy expenditure is the question of normalizing across physiological parameters. Common approaches such as weight scaling require validation for each new population. An alternative is to use a hierarchical approach to model subject-specic parameters at one level and cross-subject parameters connected by physiological variables at a higher level. In this paper, we evaluate an inertial sensor-based hierarchical model to measure energy expenditure across a target population. We rst determine the optimal movement and physiological features set to represent data. Periodic-ity based features are more accurate (p<0.1 per subject) when generalizing across populations. Weight is the most accurate parameter (p<0.1 per subject) measured as percentage prediction error. We also compare the hierarchical model with a subject-specic regression model and weight exponent scaled models. Subject-specic models perform signicantly better (p<0.1 per subject) than weight exponent scaled models at all exponent scales whereas the hierarchical model performed worse than both. However, using an informed prior from the hierarchical model produces similar errors to using a subject-specic model with large amounts of training data (p<0.1 per subject). The results provide evidence that hierarchical modeling is a promising technique for generalized prediction energy expenditure prediction across a target population in a clinical setting.
Carl Reinhold August Wunderlich and the evolution of clinical thermometry.

For > 100 years, the thermometer has been used by physicians as a clinical divining rod for ferreting out true disease among the many aches and minor perturbutations of otherwise healthy existence. Over this period, clinical thermometry has become such an integral part of everyday life that its origins are shrouded in a misty general suspicion that the body temperature has probably always been monitored as a means of distinguishing health from disease. Few but the most devoted medical historians could give more than a rudimentary account of the origins of the thermometer or of clinical thermometry. Fewer still could identify the source or explain the pertinacity of the generally accepted notion that 98.6? F (37? C) is the normal temperature. Although most people believe that there is a specific temperature that defines the lower limits of the febrile range, there is not a consensus as to what this temperature is, in spite of the fact that the generally accepted definitive work on clinical thermometry clearly identified the limit as 100.4? F (38? C) [1]. One man casts a longer shadow than any other over the history of the clinical application of the thermometer. Carl Reinhold August Wunderlich (figure 1), who lived during a pivotal period in the evolution of clinical thermometry, published an opus magnus in 1868, which persists to this day as the definitive work on the subject. In the book Das Verhalten der Eigenwdrlne in Krankheilen (The Course of Temperature in Diseases) [I], Wunderlich gave 98.6? F (37? C) its special significance vis-a-vis the normal temperature [2]. He described diurnal variation of the body temperature and, in the process, alerted clinicians to the fact that the "normal temperature" is a temperature range rather than a specific temperature. In an analysis of temperature measurements obtained from a patient population whose size has never been
Standardizing Methodologies for Economic Evaluation in Health Care: Practice, Problems, and Potential

Abstract There has been an exponential growth in the literature on economic evaluation in health care. As the range and quality of analytical work has improved, economic studies are becoming more influential with health care decision makers. The development of standards for economic evaluation methods would help maintain the scientific quality of studies, facilitate the comparison of economic evaluation results for different health care interventions, and assist in the interpretation of results from setting to setting. However, standardization might unnecessarily stifle methodological developments. This paper reviews the arguments for and against standardization, assesses attempts to date, outlines the main areas of agreement and disagreement on methods for economic evaluation, and makes recommendations for further work.
Statistical Learning for Effective Visual

For effective retrieval of visual information, statistical learning plays a pivotal role. Statistical learning in such a context faces at least two major mathematical challenges: scarcity of training data, and imbalance of training classes. We present these challenges and outline our methods for addressing them: active learning, recursive subspace co-training, adaptive dimensionality reduction, class-boundary alignment, and quasi-bagging.
Enriching distinctive microbial communities from marine sediments via an electrochemical-sulfide-oxidizing process on carbon electrodes

Sulfide is a common product of marine anaerobic respiration, and a potent reactant biologically and geochemically. Here we demonstrate the impact on microbial communities with the removal of sulfide via electrochemical methods. The use of differential pulse voltammetry revealed that the oxidation of soluble sulfide was seen at +30 mV (vs. SHE) at all pH ranges tested (from pH = 4 to 8), while non-ionized sulfide, which dominated at pH = 4 was poorly oxidized via this process. Two mixed cultures (CAT and LA) were enriched from two different marine sediments (from Catalina Island, CAT; from the Port of Los Angeles, LA) in serum bottles using a seawater medium supplemented with lactate, sulfate, and yeast extract, to obtain abundant biomass. Both CAT and LA cultures were inoculated in electrochemical cells (using yeast-extract-free seawater medium as an electrolyte) equipped with carbon-felt electrodes. In both cases, when potentials of +630 or +130 mV (vs. SHE) were applied, currents were consistently higher at +630 then at +130 mV, indicating more sulfide being oxidized at the higher potential. In addition, higher organic-acid and sulfate conversion rates were found at +630 mV with CAT, while no significant differences were found with LA at different potentials. The results of microbial-community analyses revealed a decrease in diversity for both CAT and LA after electrochemical incubation. In addition, some bacteria (e.g., Clostridium and Arcobacter) not well-known to be capable of extracellular electron transfer, were found to be dominant in the electrochemical cells. Thus, even though the different mixed cultures have different tolerances for sulfide, electrochemical-sulfide removal can lead to major population changes.
Spontaneous gestures during mental rotation tasks: insights into the microdevelopment of the motor strategy.

This study investigated the motor strategy involved in mental rotation tasks by examining 2 types of spontaneous gestures (hand-object interaction gestures, representing the agentive hand action on an object, vs. object-movement gestures, representing the movement of an object by itself) and different types of verbal descriptions of rotation. Hand-object interaction gestures were produced earlier than object-movement gestures, the rate of both types of gestures decreased, and gestures became more distant from the stimulus object over trials (Experiments 1 and 3). Furthermore, in the first few trials, object-movement gestures increased, whereas hand-object interaction gestures decreased, and this change of motor strategies was also reflected in the type of verbal description of rotation in the concurrent speech (Experiment 2). This change of motor strategies was hampered when gestures were prohibited (Experiment 4). The authors concluded that the motor strategy becomes less dependent on agentive action on the object, and also becomes internalized over the course of the experiment, and that gesture facilitates the former process. When solving a problem regarding the physical world, adults go through developmental processes similar to internalization and symbolic distancing in young children, albeit within a much shorter time span.
Prevalence of malocclusion and its relationship with caries among school children aged 11 - 15 years in southern India

Objective To assess the prevalence of malocclusion and its relationship with dental caries among school children in southern India. Methods This cross-sectional study included 1,800 students aged 11 - 15 years whose Dental Aesthetic Index (DAI) and dentition status were recorded and analyzed. The chi-square test, ANOVA, and Spearman's correlation tests were carried out. Results The mean DAI score ± the standard deviation was 18.61 ± 6.1. Approximately 85% of the students (83.0% males, 86.8% females) had DAI scores of < 26 and were classified as not requiring orthodontic treatment. One tenth of the sample had mean DAI scores between 26 - 30 (indicating definite malocclusion and elective treatment), while about 3% had mean scores between 31 - 35 (indicating severe malocclusion and treatment desirability). Only 29 children (1.6%; 16 boys, 13 girls) had a DAI score of > 35, which suggested very severe or handicapping malocclusion requiring mandatory treatment. The mean decayed, missing, filled teeth (DMFT) was 2.28 ± 1.47. A DMFT of > 0 was observed in 91.8% of the study subjects. Children with a DAI score of > 35 were found to have significantly (p < 0.001) higher caries experience as compared to other children. Moreover, the DAI scores showed a significant correlation with the mean DMFT scores (r = 0.368, p < 0.05). Conclusions A positive correlation was found between the severity of malocclusion and dental caries.
Molecular and Cellular Pathobiology Intragenic Rearrangement and Altered RNA Splicing of the Androgen Receptor in a Cell-Based Model of Prostate Cancer Progression

Androgen depletion for advanced prostate cancer (PCa) targets activity of the androgen receptor (AR), a steroid receptor transcription factor required for PCa growth. The emergence of lethal castration-resistant PCa (CRPCa) is marked by aberrant reactivation of the AR despite ongoing androgen depletion. Recently, alternative splicing has been described as a mechanism giving rise to COOH-terminally truncated, constitutively active AR isoforms that can support the CRPCa phenotype. However, the pathologic origin of these truncated AR isoforms is unknown. The goal of this study was to investigate alterations in AR expression arising in a cell-based model of PCa progression driven by truncated AR isoform activity. We show that stable, high-level expression of truncated AR isoforms in 22Rv1 CRPCa cells is associated with intragenic rearrangement of an approximately 35-kb AR genomic segment harboring a cluster of previously described alternative AR exons. Analysis of genomic data from clinical specimens indicated that related AR intragenic copy number alterations occurred in CRPCa in the context of AR amplification. Cloning of the break fusion junction in 22Rv1 cells revealed long interspersed nuclear elements (LINE-1) flanking the rearranged segment and a DNA repair signature consistent with microhomology-mediated, break-induced replication. This rearrangement served as a marker for the emergence of a rare subpopulation of CRPCa cells expressing high levels of truncated AR isoforms during PCa progression in vitro. Together, these data provide the first report of AR intragenic rearrangements in CRPCa and an association with pathologic expression of truncated AR isoforms in a cell-based model of PCa progression. Cancer Res; 71(6);