Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Synthesis and Characterization of Thin Ferroelectric PbZr0.52Ti0.48O3 Fibrils

Thin fibrils (usually 20–100 nm in diameter) of ferroelectric PbZr0.52Ti0. 48O3 have a preferred nucleation and growth in the [001] direction in small particles. X-ray diffraction with the X-ray beam facing the fibril surfaces, which lie along the [001] direction, thus involves reflections of manifested intensity from (100) and (010) planes. No reflection occurs from the perpendicular planes to the [001] fibrils. A transmission electron micrograph with the corresponding electron diffraction from fibrils confers the results of the preferred growth. The fibrils have a modified orthorhombic crystal structure of lattice parameters a=0.4038 nm, b=0.4017 nm, and c=04148 nm, with an enhanced 8.033 g/cm3 density over 8.006 g/cm3 in the usual tetragonal structure of a=0.4036 nm and c=04146 nm. Surface anisotropy in a fibril that imposes (and drives) a shear stress over growing crystallites (within the fibril) along the [001] surface favors this specific crystal structure in them according to the precursor structure. A single-phase sample is obtained in 2 h by heating of an amorphous template of precursor (of the metal cations with a polymer of polyvinyl alcohol and sucrose) at 500°–800°C in air.
Overall Design of Multi-module Offshore Floating Bridge and a Method for Random Analysis of Anchor Tension

This paper proposes a multi-module floating bridge design for offshore applications and establishes a coupled motion response analysis method for the anchoring system of the floating bridge. Time-domain coupled analysis is performed under the combined effects of wind, wave, and current loads, resulting in the maximum tension of the anchor chain in random waves. Using the typical island and reef sea area of Zhoushan, China as an example, the randomness of waves is considered, and a random sampling method is adopted. The main configuration, connection structure, and mooring system design schemes are presented, and the maximum tension of the anchoring system is numerically calculated and analyzed. The random distribution of the maximum anchor chain tension is obtained, the goodness-of-fit test is conducted for the fitting results, and the main degree-of-freedom motion response is analyzed under different exceedance probabilities. The results show that the multi-module offshore floating bridge meets the design requirements, and the statistical characteristics of the maximum tension of the anchor chain under random waves conform to the Gumbel distribution. The mode of the random distribution of the maximum anchor chain tension increases by 7.65% when fully loaded compared to the unloaded condition. In different exceedance probability scenarios, there are significant differences in the maximum tension of the anchor chain and the motion response of the main degrees of freedom of the floating bridge.
Aligning tweets with events: Automation via semantics

Microblogging platforms, such as Twitter, now provide web users with an on-demand service to share and consume fragments of information. Such fragments often refer to real-world events (e.g., shows, conferences) and often refer to a particular event component (such as a particular talk), providing a bridge between the real and virtual worlds. The utility of tweets allows companies and organisations to quickly gauge feedback about their services, and provides event organisers with information describing how participants feel about their event. However, the scale of the Web, and the sheer number of Tweets which are published on an hourly basis, makes manually identifying event tweets difficult. In this paper we present an automated approach to align tweets with the events which they refer to. We aim to provide alignments on the sub-event level of granularity. We test two different machine learning-based techniques: proximity-based clustering and classification using Naive Bayes. We evaluate the performance of our approach using a dataset of tweets collected from the Extended Semantic Web Conference 2010. The best F0.2 scores obtained in our experiments for proximity-based clustering and Naive Bayes were 0.544 and 0.728 respectively.
Bayesian clustering of 109 worldwide countries according to the trend of prostate cancer mortality rates from 1990 to 2019

Neglecting possible growth heterogeneity and focusing only on the overall pattern of prostate cancer mortality rates can result in misunderstandings and incorrect conclusions about the growth process of the outcome. The main goal of this study was to capture the heterogeneity of prostate cancer mortality rates among countries from 1990 to 2019. To accomplish this aim, we performed the Bayesian latent Growth Mixture Model (GMM). In this longitudinal study, Prostate cancer mortality rates data from 1990 to 2019, as well as the Human Development Index (HDI), the Gross National Income (GNI), and the Life Expectancy at Birth (LEB), were obtained from WHO and UNDP platforms. The Bayesian GMM was used to discover homogeneous subgroups and estimate the pattern of prostate cancer mortality rates in each subgroup. The HDI, GNI and life expectancy effects were estimated using a Bayesian conditional Latent Growth Model (LGM). Globally, the intercept and the slope of the Bayesian LGM were equal to 8.77 and 0.19, respectively. The Bayesian GMM classified the 109 countries into four groups, which had significant positive growth patterns with different slopes except for the first class. The effect of HDI was not significant on the overall prostate cancer death rates, but GNI and LEB had a significantly positive effect on the model’s intercepts and a significantly negative effect on the slope. Although the prostate cancer mortality rate increased globally, it has four distinct latent subgroups with various patterns. Additionally, the effects of HDI, GNI, and LEB on prostate cancer mortality rates varied significantly among the four subgroups, indicating a need for further investigation to identify causal factors.
Periodontal treatment and subsequent clinical outcomes and medical care costs: A retrospective cohort study

Introduction Periodontitis is a common oral disease associated with coronary artery disease (CAD), cerebrovascular disease (CBVD) and type 2 diabetes (T2D). We studied if periodontitis treatment improves clinical outcomes and reduces medical care costs in patients with CAD, CBVD or T2D. Methods We used clinic records and claims data from a health care system to identify patients with periodontitis and CAD, CBVD or T2D, and to assess periodontal treatments, hospitalizations, medical costs (total, inpatient, outpatient, pharmacy), glycated hemoglobin, cardiovascular events, and death following concurrent disease diagnoses. We compared clinical outcomes according to receipt of periodontal treatment and/or maintenance care in the follow-up period, and care costs according to treatment status within one year following concurrent disease diagnoses, while adjusting for covariates. The data were analyzed in 2019–21. Results We identified 9,503 individuals, 4,057 of whom were in the CAD cohort; 3,247 in the CBVD cohort; and 4,879 in the T2D cohort. Patients who were selected and elected to receive treatment and maintenance care were less likely to be hospitalized than untreated individuals (CAD: OR = 0.71 (95% CI: 0.55, 0.92); CBVD: OR = 0.73 (0.56, 0.94); T2D: OR = 0.80 (0.64, 0.99)). Selection to treatment and/or maintenance care was not significantly associated with cardiovascular events, mortality, or glycated hemoglobin change. Total care costs did not differ significantly between treated and untreated groups over 4 years. Treated patients experienced lower inpatient costs but higher pharmacy costs. Conclusions Patients with periodontitis and CAD, CBVD or T2D who were selected and elected to undergo periodontal treatment or maintenance care had lower rates of hospitalizations, but did not differ significantly from untreated individuals in terms of clinical outcomes or total medical care costs.
Investigating linkage to care between hospitals and primary care clinics for people with TB in rural South Africa

People with tuberculosis (TB) are often lost to follow-up during treatment transition to another facility. These losses may result in substantial morbidity and mortality but are rarely recorded. We conducted a record review on adults diagnosed with TB at 11 hospitals in Limpopo, South Africa, who were subsequently transferred to a local clinic to initiate or continue treatment. We then performed in-depth record reviews at the primary care clinic to which they were referred and called participants who could not be identified as starting treatment. Between August 2017 and April 2018, we reviewed records of 778 individuals diagnosed with TB in-hospital and later referred to local clinics for treatment. Of the 778, 88 (11%) did not link to care, and an additional 43 (5.5%) died. Compared to people without cough, those with cough had higher odds of linking to care (aOR = 2.01, 95% CI: 1.26–3.25, p = 0.005) and were also linked more quickly [adjusted Time Ratio (aTR) = 0.53, 95% CI:0.36–0.79, p<0.001], as were those diagnosed microbiologically (aOR = 1.86, 95% CI: 1.16–3.06, p = 0.012; aTR = 0.58, 95% CI: 0.34–0.98, p = 0.04). People diagnosed with TB in hospitals often disengage following referral to local clinics. Interventions to identify and re-engage people who do not present to local clinics within days of referral might close an important gap in the TB treatment cascade.
Clinical features of brain metastases in breast cancer: an implication for hippocampal-sparing whole-brain radiation therapy

Objective: The objectives of this study were to describe the distribution of brain metastases (BM) in breast cancer patients and investigate the risk factors for perihippocampal metastases (PHM). Patients and methods: Retrospective analysis of the clinicopathological characteristics and patterns of BM was performed. Associations between clinicopathological characteristics and PHM (the hippocampus plus 5 mm margin) were evaluated using logistic regression analyses. Results: A total of 1,356 brain metastatic lesions were identified in 192 patients. Patients with 1–3 BM, 4–9 BM, and $ 10 BM accounted for 63.0%, 18.8%, and 18.2%, respectively. There were only 7 (3.6%) patients with hippocampal metastases (HM) and 14 (7.3%) patients with PHM. On logistic regression, the number of BM was an independent risk factor for PHM. Patients with $ 10 BM had a significantly higher risk of PHM compared with those with , 10 BM. Breast cancer subtype (BCS) was not associated with PHM. The number of BM was significantly correlated with various BCSs. Patients with hormone receptor (HR) + /human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) + , HR - /HER2 + , and HR - /HER2 - subtypes had a higher probability of $ 10 BM, relative to patients with an HR + /HER2 - subtype. Conclusion: Our study suggests that a low incidence of PHM may be acceptable to perform hippocampal-sparing whole-brain radiation therapy for breast cancer patients. Patients with extensive diffuse metastases ( $ 10 BM) were associated with higher odds of PHM.
Psychological Factors Motivating Male Japanese Workers With Type 2 Diabetes to Engage in Dietary Modifications: A Qualitative Descriptive Study

Introduction Japanese men with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) usually encounter work-related difficulties when engaging in dietary modifications. Hence, healthcare providers must understand the psychological factors, such as the needs and goals, that motivate them to engage in dietary modifications. Objective We aimed to describe the psychological factors motivating male Japanese workers with T2DM to engage in dietary modifications. Methods Using a qualitative descriptive design, we conducted semi-structured interviews with 11 male Japanese workers with T2DM and identified categories based on semantic differences using qualitative content analysis. Results The following eight categories emerged: (I want to) demonstrate my skills at work, be able to engage in dietary modifications on my own, avoid unpleasant symptoms caused by eating, avoid burdensome treatment, maintain my healthy life, get positive results in medical examinations, maintain my relationships with others, and enjoy healthy food. Conclusion The factors motivating the participants to engage in dietary modifications were realistic and sincere desires rooted in their ideal lives. Their desire to prioritize work emerged as an important factor. Healthcare providers should identify an individual's ideal daily life, including work aspects, and encourage individuals to set realistic and valuable goals.
Beyond Graphene: Progress in Novel Two-Dimensional Materials and van der Waals Solids

Interest in 2D materials and van der Waals solids is growing exponentially across various scientific and engineering disciplines owing to their fascinating electrical, optical, chemical, and thermal properties. Whereas the micromechanical exfoliation technique has been adopted for rapid material characterization and demonstration of innovative device ideas based on these 2D systems, significant advances have recently been made in large-scale homogeneous and heterogeneous growth of these materials. This review reflects recent progress and outlines future prospects of these novel 2D materials. We provide a holistic overview of the different synthesis and characterization techniques, electronic and photonic device characteristics, and catalytic properties of transition metal dichalcogenides and their heterostructures. We also comment on the challenges that need to be overcome for full-scale commercial implementation of this novel class of layered materials.
Remimazolam for sedation: A protocol for a systematic review with meta‐analysis, trial sequential analysis, and GRADE approach

Procedural sedation aims to facilitate a successful diagnostic or therapeutic procedure. The pharmacokinetic properties and pharmacodynamic effects need to be taken into consideration when choosing the ideal sedative. Midazolam and propofol are frequently employed. However, they are associated with respiratory depression with increasing dosage. Also, midazolam has a potentially unpredictable pharmacodynamic response and propofol may cause hypotension and injection site pain. Remimazolam may provide a superior alternative due to its rapid pharmacodynamic profile and insignificant circulatory effects.
Milton assembles large mitochondrial clusters, mitoballs, to sustain spermatogenesis

Significance This work unveils the intriguing phenomenon of large mitochondrial clusters (mitoballs) formed during insect spermatogenesis. It offers unparalleled insights into the dynamic nature of mitochondria and their remarkable ability to adapt to developmental needs. The identification of Milton’s role in mitoball formation and mitochondrial function prompts further exploration of its involvement in human male fertility, given the conserved function of insect and human Milton in mitochondrial trafficking. Moreover, our findings lay the foundation for future investigations connecting subcellular mitochondrial distribution to mitochondrial function and male fertility.
Efficacy of anti‐CD3 monoclonal antibodies in delaying the progression of recent‐onset type 1 diabetes mellitus: A systematic review, meta‐analyses and meta‐regression

Type 1 diabetes mellitus is widely recognized as a chronic autoimmune disease characterized by the pathogenic destruction of beta cells, resulting in the loss of endogenous insulin production. Insulin administration remains the primary therapy for symptomatic treatment. Recent studies showed that disease‐modifying agents, such as anti‐CD3 monoclonal antibodies, have shown promising outcomes in improving the management of the disease. In late 2022, teplizumab received approval from the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) as the first disease‐modifying agent for the treatment of type 1 diabetes. This review aims to evaluate the clinical evidence regarding the efficacy of anti‐CD3 monoclonal antibodies in the prevention and treatment of type 1 diabetes.
Alterations in Ferrisia gilli (Hemiptera: Pseudococcidae) phenology in California pistachios and potential impacts on controls

The mealybug, Ferrisia gilli Gullan, attacks important crops such as almonds, grapes, and pistachios in California. In pistachios, F. gilli has 3 generations per year, and a single insecticide application timed to the presence of first instars of the first or second generation provided sufficient control. This strategy has, recently, become less effective, and here we tested the possible explanation that F. gilli life stages are smeared, with different life stages present concurrently, reducing the efficacy of a single pesticide application. We monitored F. gilli populations and their natural enemies in central California pistachio orchards from 2021 through 2022. We found the first generation of F. gilli was synchronous, but occurred 3 wk earlier than previously reported. Subsequent generations were smeared. Increased yearly temperatures are a likely explanation for the changes observed in phenology. Almost all natural enemies found were lacewings (n > 10,000). Parasitoids were recovered from pistachios in 2021 (n = 4) and 2022 (n = 164), most were hyperparasitoids. Based on these studies, recommendations are made to monitor F. gilli in early May rather than late May to better target insecticide applications for the first instars.
Soil formation as an indication of relative age of glacial deposits in Eastern Greenland

Jakobsen, Bjarne Holm: Soil formation as an indication of relative age of glacial deposits in Eastern Greenland. Geografisk Tidsskrift 90: xx-xx Copenhagen 1990. A chrono-sequence of soils has been studied in a proglacial valley extending from the Midtluagkat Glacier on the island Angmags-salik O in Eastern Greenland. The relative age of soils and a probable sequence of especially translocation processes are discussed in relation to soil characteristics.
Cell‐free RNA and fully convolutional dense network‐based early preeclampsia prediction

Dear Editor, We propose a fully convolutional dense network (FCDN) model1,2 to predict preeclampsia (PE) with circulating cellfree RNA (cfRNA). 3–5 The Individual Risk Score (IRS) output of the proposed FCDN model contributes to the literature on consistently monitoring the risk of PE, evaluating the effect of prophylactic treatments, and providing accurate as well as rapid screening and diagnosis of PE in populous developing countries with a high incidence of PE, such as China. PE is a pregnancy-specific hypertensive disorder and leads to 10.2 deaths per 100 000 pregnancies,6–8 reaming the second death cause of pregnant women in China.
Singlet oxygen‐induced alteration of bacteria associated with phytodetritus: Effect of irradiance

Contrasting irradiation of senescent cells of the diatom Thalassiosira sp. in association with the bacterium Pseudomonas stutzeri showed the effect of intensity of irradiance on the transfer of singlet oxygen (1O2) to bacteria attached to phytoplanktonic cells. Under low irradiances, 1O2 is produced slowly, favors the oxidation of algal unsaturated lipids (photodynamic effect), and limits 1O2 transfer to attached bacteria. However, high irradiances induce a rapid and intense production of 1O2, which diffuses out of the chloroplasts and easily reaches the attached bacteria, where it efficiently oxidizes their unsaturated membrane components. Analysis of numerous sinking particle samples collected in different regions of the Canadian Arctic showed that the photooxidation state of attached bacteria increased from ice‐covered areas to open water, in agreement with in vitro results. Photooxidation of bacteria appeared to be particularly intense in sea ice, where the sympagic algae–bacteria association is maintained at relatively high irradiances for long periods of time.
Determination of 3D Object Coordinates from Overlapping Omni-directional Images Acquired by a Mobile Mapping System

This research aims to develop a method to determine the 3D coordinates of an object point from overlapping omni-directional images acquired by a ground mobile mapping system and assess their accuracies. In the proposed method, we first define an individual coordinate system on each sensor and the object space and determine the geometric relationships between the systems. Based on these systems and their relationships, we derive a straight line of the corresponding object point candidates for a point of an omni-directional image, and determine the 3D coordinates of the object point by intersecting a pair of straight lines derived from a pair of matched points. We have compared the object coordinates determined through the proposed method with those measured by GPS and a total station for the accuracy assessment and analysis. According to the experimental results, with the appropriate length of baseline and mutual positions between cameras and objects, we can determine the relative coordinates of the object point with the accuracy of several centimeters. The accuracy of the absolute coordinates is ranged from several centimeters to 1 m due to systematic errors. In the future, we plan to improve the accuracy of absolute coordinates by determining more precisely the relationship between the camera and GPS/INS coordinates and performing the calibration of the omni-directional camera
The ecological effects of slope and aspect in chalk grassland

The microclimate of plants growing close to the ground is strongly influenced by the orientation of a soil/vegetation surface with respect to the sun's rays (slope and aspect). In chalk grassland in the UK, slopes of contrasting aspect frequently have distinctive patterns of vegetation. A series of climatic and microclimatic measurements were made at field sites indifferent regions on the English chalk (North Dorset and the Yorkshire Wolds) during the period June 2000 to September 2002. Using digital terrain models (DTMs), process-based models of microclimatic variables at different points in the landscape were developed. The mechanisms through which topography may influence vegetation and species distribution were investigated with field experiments and measurements. Both existing vegetation data from Perring (1956) and new data collected from the field sites were analysed using detrended correspondence analysis (DCA) and generalised additive models (GAMs), to elucidate the relationships between vegetation and soil, topography and climate. A consistent gradient in chalk grassland vegetation was found across spatial scales, associated with the frequency of species with a "stress tolerant” strategy. This gradient in vegetation is apparently driven by species' responses to several separate, but often correlated, variables including soil moisture, maximum summer temperatures and soil fertility. Over the past 50 years, stress tolerant species have declined in frequency at the North Dorset field site, Ellenberg fertility indices have increased and light indices have decreased. The observed changes are consistent with fertilization from atmospheric N deposition and/or relaxation of rabbit grazing after the myxomatosis outbreak in the 1950s. Plots on sloping ground, and in particular, south-west facing slopes, were least affected by these changes, suggesting that high temperatures, phosphorus and water limitation have acted as a buffer against vegetation change, and that complex topography creates refuges for stress tolerant species in the landscape.