Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Ökonomie der Familie-Session : Asymmetric Information and Incentives , No . A 8V 2 Provided in Cooperation with : Verein für Socialpolitik / German Economic Association

We study the effects of preselection on an expert’s incentive to give truthful advice. In a decision environment in which certain decisions yield more precise estimates about the expert’s expertise, a mediocre expert’s advice is biased. We show that this bias can be undone by the introduction of a preselection stage, where the decision maker himself sometimes studies the case, and thereby alters the expert’s perception of the problem. We identify a parameter range in which the decision maker’s choice is inefficient if it is not possible to commit to a certain preselection level.
The effect of features of the metabolic syndrome on atherosclerotic risk in relatively long-surviving patients with type 1 diabetes.

BACKGROUND Increasing numbers of patients with type 1 diabetes (T1DM) are developing features of the metabolic syndrome. The additional effect of this on the development of atherosclerosis, as inferred by the carotid artery intima media thickness (IMT), has not previously been assessed. The aim of this study was to assess the effect of features of the metabolic syndrome on carotid artery IMT in a cohort of long-surviving patients with T1DM. METHODS Long-surviving patients with T1DM attending the Centre for Diabetes and Endocrinology were assessed regarding their risk factor profile. All underwent measurement of carotid artery IMT. In all, 156 patients who had T1DM for more than 18 years had their carotid artery IMT measured. All had been attending the clinic for over 10 years, and past clinical and laboratory records were available. RESULTS A total of 37 patients had metabolic syndrome according to the International Diabetes Federation (IDF) definition. Those with metabolic syndrome had a significantly increased carotid artery IMT (P = 0.003) compared to those without the syndrome. There was a significant relationship between the number of features of metabolic syndrome and increased atherosclerotic risk according to the carotid artery IMT (P = 0.01). A significant correlation was found between carotid artery IMT and both waist circumference (P < 0.001) and insulin resistance (P = 0.005). CONCLUSIONS In long-surviving patients with T1DM, those that develop metabolic syndrome are more likely to have thicker carotid artery IMT, and, by inference, be at higher risk of atherosclerosis and possibly cardiovascular disease. A linear relationship was present between both waist circumference and insulin resistance and carotid artery IMT.
Fairness with EXPTIME Bundled CTL Tableau

The Computational Tree Logic (CTL) has difficulty expressing some fairness properties. One solution is to instead use the syntactic extension Full CTL (CTL) or the more limited CTL+ extension, but either way the satisfiability problem then becomes doubly exponential. We discuss how the limit closure axiom of CTL makes representing fairness difficult. Removing this restriction results in Bundled CTL (BCTL). We present a singly exponential tableau for BCTL and show how BCTL can represent fairness properties in a similar way to CTL. We further show how to combine the BCTL tableau with an existing BCTL tableau, to give the full expressivity of BCTL while retaining a singly exponential running time when the number of BCTL operators is limited.
Data cultures of mobile dating and hook-up apps: Emerging issues for critical social science research

The ethical and social implications of data mining, algorithmic curation and automation in the context of social media have been of heightened concern for a range of researchers with interests in digital media in recent years, with particular concerns about privacy arising in the context of mobile and locative media. Despite their wide adoption and economic importance, mobile dating apps have received little scholarly attention from this perspective – but they are intense sites of data generation, algorithmic processing, and cross-platform data-sharing; bound up with competing cultures of production, exploitation and use. In this paper, we describe the ways various forms of data are incorporated into, and emerge from, hook-up apps’ business logics, socio-technical arrangements, and cultures of use to produce multiple and intersecting data cultures. We propose a multi-layered research agenda for critical and empirical inquiry into this field, and suggest appropriate conceptual and methodological frameworks for exploring the social and political challenges of data cultures.
SPARSE LATENT STRUCTURE

There has been a large amount of interest, both in the past and particularly recently, into the relative advantage of different families of universal function approximators, for instance neural networks, polynomials, rational functions, etc. However, current research has focused almost exclusively on understanding this problem in a worstcase setting: e.g. characterizing the best L1 or L∞ approximation in a box (or sometimes, even under an adversarially constructed data distribution.) In this setting many classical tools from approximation theory can be effectively used. However, in typical applications we expect data to be high dimensional, but structured – so, it would only be important to approximate the desired function well on the relevant part of its domain, e.g. a small manifold on which real input data actually lies. Moreover, even within this domain the desired quality of approximation may not be uniform; for instance in classification problems, the approximation needs to be more accurate near the decision boundary. These issues, to the best of our knowledge, have remain unexplored until now. With this in mind, we analyze the performance of neural networks and polynomial kernels in a natural regression setting where the data enjoys sparse latent structure, and the labels depend in a simple way on the latent variables. We give an almost-tight theoretical analysis of the performance of both neural networks and polynomials for this problem, as well as verify our theory with simulations. Our results both involve new (complex-analytic) techniques, which may be of independent interest, and show substantial qualitative differences with what is known in the worst-case setting.
Adaptive skew-sensitive fusion of ensembles and their application to face re-identification

Adaptive classifier ensembles have been shown to improve the accuracy and robustness of systems for face recognition (FR) in video surveillance. However, it is often assumed that the proportions of faces captured for target and non-target individuals are balanced, or they are known a priori, and constant over time. Some active approaches have been proposed to update the ensemble during operations according to class imbalance of the input data stream. Beyond the estimation operational class imbalance, these approaches commonly generate diverse pools of classifiers by selecting balanced training data, limiting the potential diversity provided by the abundant non-target data. In this paper, a skew-sensitive ensemble is proposed to adaptively combine classifiers trained with data selected to have varying levels of imbalance and complexity. Given a face re-identification application, faces captured for each person appearing in the scene are tracked and regrouped into trajectories. During enrollment, faces in a reference trajectory are combined with those of selected non-target trajectories to generate a pool of 2-class classifiers using data with various levels of imbalance and complexity. During operations, the level of imbalance is periodically estimated by comparing input trajectories and pre-computed histograms using Hellinger distance quantification. Ensemble fusion functions are then adapted based on the imbalance and complexity of operational data. Finally, ensemble scores are accumulated over trajectories for robust spatio-temporal FR. Results obtained in experiments with synthetic data and Face in Action videos reveal that the proposed approach can significantly improve performance across operational imbalances.
Fusion of global statistical and segmental spectral features for speech emotion recognition

Speech emotion recognition is an interesting and challenging speech technology, which can be applied to broad areas. In this paper, we propose to fuse the global statistical and segmental spectral features at the decision level for speech emotion recognition. Each emotional utterance is individually scored by two recognition systems, the global statistics-based and segmental spectrum-based systems, and a weighted linear combination is applied to fuse their scores for final decision. Experimental results on an emotional speech database demonstrate that the global statistical and segmental spectral features are complementary, and the proposed fusion approach further improves the performance of the emotion recognition system.
Pages ix-xviii in Cooperative breeding in birds : Long-term studies of ecology and behaviour

America had previously been restricted to the Pleistocene of Argentina, Brazil and Venezuela (Brodkorb 1978, Tambussi and Tonni 1986, Cuello 1988, Noriega 1991). In this contribution we report the first passeriform fossil from the Miocene of South America (Noriega and Chiappe 1991). Recent joint paleontological expeditions of the State University of New York (Stony Brook) and the Museo Argentino de Ciencias Naturales have recovered abundant avian remains from the Miocene deposits of southern Patagonia (Chiappe 1991). The material on which we report comes from beds of the middle part of the Pinturas Formation, which outcrops at the locality of "Portezuelo Sumich Sur" (Bown and Larriestra 1990), northwestern Santa Cruz Province, Argentina. The age of these deposits has been considered to be Early-Middle Miocene by several authors (Marshall et al. 1983, Bown and Larriestra 1990, MacFadden 1990). Description. --The fossil is a nearly complete distal end of a right humerus (MACN-SC-1411; Museo Argentino de Ciencias Naturales, Secci6n Paleontologla de Vertebrados, Buenos Aires; Fig. lB). In cranial view, the brachial fossa (Fossa M. brachialis) is shallow, not well delimited, and of subelliptical shape. The ventral supracondylar tubercle (Tuberculum supracondylare ventrale) is large and subtriangular. This area is situated just distal and lateral to the brachial fossa. The distal condyles are globose and well defined. The dorsal condyle (Condylus dorsalis) is very convex and its proximal area curves medially. The distal margin of the ventral condyle (Condylus ventralis) is remarkably convex, and it projects distally with respect to the dorsal condyle. On its medial half, the ventral condyle exhibits a smooth depression, which is proximally bounded by the superior margin of the condyle. Proximal to the dorsal condyle there is a subelliptical papilla of insertion of the ventral head of the M. extensor metacarpi radialis. The dorsal supracondylar process is well-developed, hook-shaped, and proximally projected. The ventral epicondyle (Epicondylus ventralis) is missing. However, the large area of break indicates that it must have been exten-
The Practices and Developmental Pathways of Professional and Olympic Serial Winning Coaches

In 2011, the Innovation Group of Leading Agencies of the International Council for Coaching Excellence initiated a project aimed at supporting the identification and development of the next generation of high performance coaches. The project, entitled Serial Winning Coaches, studied the personalities, practices and developmental pathways of professional and Olympic coaches who had repeatedly achieved success at the highest level of sport. This paper is the third publication originating from this unique project. In the first paper, Mallett and Coulter (2016) focused on the development and testing of a novel multilayered methodology in understanding a person through a single case study of a successful Olympic coach. In the second, Mallett and Lara-Bercial (2016) applied this methodology to a large sample of Serial Winning Coaches and offered a composite account of their personality. In this third instalment, we turn the focus onto the actual practices and developmental pathways of these coaches. The composi.
Assessing Quality of Life and Depression Among People Living With HIV/AIDS and TB-HIV Coinfection in Kathmandu, Nepal

Introduction: Assessing the health related quality of life (HQoL) and depression in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) positive people and TB-HIV co infected people is of extreme importance in designing strategies and implementing interventional programs on treatment care and support to People living with HIV and AIDS. Methodology : A cross-sectional study was conducted among People living with HIV/AIDS and TB-HIV Co infection from July to December 2011 at care and support canters in Kathmandu, Nepal. The list HIV care and Support centre registered at Kathmandu were selected using the lottery proportionately to meet the sample size of 154. The method of data collection was summarized in the World Health Organization’s questionnaire for Health related Quality of life and Beck Depression Inventory Scale II for depression. Data was collected using verbal information of respondents, entered on Epi Data version3.4. 1 and analyzed using SPSS version 16.0. Results: TB-HIV co infected people had lower quality of life in all domains compared to HIV/AIDS infected people. The prevalence of depression was found higher in TB-HIV co infected people than HIV/AIDS group. CD4 count, educational status, occupation, ethnicity, family size and depression were statistically significant with the QoL domains. Among co infected patients, depression was 3.86 times more likely to influence QoL while adjusted odds ratio was 4.21 times higher. Conclusion : The TB control program should design strategies to improve the quality of life of TB-HIV co infected people and depression should be targeted as an intervention to improve the quality of life of people living with HIV with or without TB. DOI: http://dx.doi. org/10.3126/saarctb.v11i2. 12428 SAARC J TUBER LUNG DIS HIV/AIDS, 2014;XI(2) Page: 7-14
THERMODYNAMIC PROGNOSIS OF MICROBIAL INTERACTION WITH IRON COMPOUNDS

Microbial redox-transformation of iron compounds is closely related to the environmental conditions defined by a set of physical and chemical factors, including the pH and Eh value. Thermodynamic calculations of all theoretically feasible ways of microbial interaction with iron compounds (mobilization/immobilization, oxidation/reduction) are presented. It was theoretically grounded that microorganisms were capable to perform a high activity in the biogeochemical cycles of carbon and iron. Obtained results can be used to prognose the transformation of iron compounds by microorganisms in natural and man-made ecosystems and create biotechnologies of microbial purification of water sources and wastewater from iron compounds.
Achievement Motivation as an Internal Factor of Student's Personality Development

This article presents the results of scientific studies on achievement motivation and selfactualization features among students of humanitarian and economic specialties in the learning process. Analysis of these results shows that the optimal level of achievement motivation increases the level of self-actualization. Students with a strong achievement motivation tend to reveal and develop personal potential. The significance of this study is that the revealed interrelations between achievement motivation and self-actualization level of students allows us to conclude that a high level of achievement motivation is a stimulus for students’ self-actualization.
Title ActiveRDF : Object-oriented semantic web programming

Object-oriented programming is the current mainstream programming paradigm but existing RDF APIs are mostly tripleoriented. Traditional techniques for bridging a similar gap between relational databases and object-oriented programs cannot be applied directly given the different nature of Semantic Web data, for example in the semantics of class membership, inheritance relations, and object conformance to schemas. We present ActiveRDF, an object-oriented API for managing RDF data that offers full manipulation and querying of RDF data, does not rely on a schema and fully conforms to RDF(S) semantics. ActiveRDF can be used with different RDF data stores: adapters have been implemented to generic SPARQL endpoints, Sesame, Jena, Redland and YARS and new adapters can be added easily. In addition, integration with the popular Ruby on Rails framework enables rapid development of Semantic Web applications.
Sleep deprivation increases seizures induced by cocaine in rats

Study carried out at the Department of Psychobiology, Universidade Federal de São Paulo � UNIFESP, São Paulo (SP), Brazil. Department of Psychobiology, Universidade Federal de São Paulo � UNIFESP, São Paulo (SP), Brazil. Conflict of interest: The authors declared no conflict of interest. Corresponding author: Monica Levy Andersen � Departamento de Psicobiologia, Universidade Federal de São Paulo � Rua Napoleão de Barros, 92� � Vila Clementino � CEP 04024-002 � São Paulo (SP), Brazil � Phone: (11) 2149-01�� � Fax: (11) ��72-�092 � E-mail: mandersen@psicobio.epm. br Received: 26/02/2009; Accepted: 28/07/2010 ABSTRACT Objective: Medical emergency units have increasingly to deal with seizures associated with cocaine abuse, which are seen as a determinant of cocaine-related lethality in humans. Cocaine is an excitatory drug that inhibits catecholamine reuptake and induces sleep deprivation. In view of the fact that stress plays an important role in modulating drug action, the aim of this study was to compare whether paradoxical sleep deprivation and other modalities of chronic stress influence the proportion of cocaine-induced seizures in male rats. Methods: The incidence of seizures was measured for 60 minutes after acute administration of cocaine to rats (40, 4�, �0 and 70 mg/kg) that have been submitted to different modalities of stress (paradoxical sleep deprivation, footshock, swimming and immobilization), applied repeatedly for 4 days, and then compared with non-stressed rats. Results: Cocaine induced seizures in 10% of control rats, and among stressful events this effect was potentiated only by paradoxical sleep deprivation, since 90% of the rats had seizures. Conclusion: Our data show that selective sleep loss triggers a marked increase in the number of cocaine-induced seizures, suggesting that the absence of sleep per se has a relevant effect in modulating such events.
Multi User Diversity Evaluation in MIMO HSDPA Downlink Channels

A multiple transmit antenna, single receive antenna (per receiver) downlink channel with limited channel feedback is considered. Given a constraint on the total system-wide channel feedback, the following question is considered: is it preferable to get low-rate feedback from a large number of receivers or to receive high-rate/high-quality feedback from a smaller number of (randomly selected) receivers. Acquiring feedback from many users allows multi-user diversity to be exploited, while highrate feedback allows for very precise selection of beamforming directions. It is shown that systems in which a limited number of users feedback high-rate channel information significantly outperform low-rate/many user systems. The marginal benefit of channel feedback is very significant up to the point where the CSI is essentially perfect. keywords: Multi-user multi-input multi-output, Base Station, Channel Feedback, Channael State Information(CSI), Random Beforming.
Medicines in parallel trade in the European Union: a gravity specification

While recent research has explored the phenomenon of drug parallel trade in regulated environments such as the European Union (EU), or the European Economic Area, little is known about the mechanisms that explain its origin or the role of the distribution chain in exporting and importing countries in determining its extent. By building on theoretical literature explaining the role of the distribution chain, this paper draws on an empirical specification of a gravity model to examine the determinants of inter-country flows of parallel-traded drugs. In this context, the paper deals with the effect of differences in the regulation of and competition in the distribution chain in the countries of origin and destination. The paper draws on proprietary data from the Intercontinental Medical Statistics database (for the Netherlands and other EU countries that export to the Netherlands) which identify the country of origin of parallel-imported medicines from 1997-2002 for a therapeutic group (statins) for which there is no generic competition. The study reveals that although parallel trade is a specific form of arbitrage, it is primarily a regulation-induced phenomenon. As a result, although the driving force for parallel trade is price differences across countries, the propagation mechanism lies in (a) the way drug prices are regulated across countries and (b) fragmentation and the underlying incentive structure in the wholesale distribution chain in countries where drug prices are regulated. The implications that flow from our study are that a more flexible and competitive and less fragmented (along national borders) distribution chain, particularly at wholesale level, might reduce the extent of and potential for parallel trade.
A Task Definition Language for Virtual Agents

The use of Virtual Environments as a user interface can be important for certain types of applications, especially in the fields of education and entertainment. These synthetic worlds are even more attractive for the user when they exhibit dynamic c haracteristics and are populated b y virtual agents. There is, however, a lack of generalpurpose tools for designing and implementing intelligent virtual environments, and especially in the ca se of defining virtual agents’ tasks, where there is a strong dependence between the task execution and the context. In this paper, we present our approach towards a c ontext-independent definition of tasks using a high-level language. With the proposed task definition language, one ca n combine numerous built-in functions and commands to d escribe c omplex tasks as a c ombination of parallel, sequential and conditional execution of actions. It can be used to program complicated virtual agent interactions with the environment without going into much detail on h ow these tasks are implemented and how parallelism is achieved. The main advantage of the proposed language is that it enables tasks to be easily constructed and reused by different agents and in different environments. Our approach h as been based o n SimHuman, a platform for r endering and animating Virtual Agents in real-time.