Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
EMU, MONETARY POLICY AND THE ROLE OF FINANCIAL CONSTRAINTS

This paper presents some preliminary findings on the impact of a single European monetary policy on industrial performance. Literature on the potential for differential monetary policy impact to drive asymmetric responses across the Union is surveyed, and the importance of the credit channel of policy is identified. The key role of financial constraints on firms is noted. A different treatment of the constraint is then suggested, and shown through modelling to be consistent with the stylised facts of firm size. An econometric approach based on this model is then outlined as the basis for future research.
Customer Referral Management: Optimal Reward Programs

Sellers who plan to capitalize on the lifetime value of customers need to manage the sales potential from customer referrals proactively. To encourage existing customers to generate referrals, a seller can offer exceptional value to current customers through either excellent quality or a very attractive price. Rewards to customers for referring other customers can also encourage referrals. We investigate when referral rewards should be offered to motivate referrals and derive the optimal combination of reward and price that will lead to the most profitable referrals. We define a delighted customer as one who obtains a positive level of surplus above a threshold level and, consequently, recommends the product to another customer. We show that the use of referral rewards depends on how demanding consumers are before they are willing to recommend i.e., on the delight threshold level. The optimal mix of price and referral reward falls into three regions: 1 When customers are easy to delight, the optimal strategy is to lower the price below that of a seller who ignores the referral effect but not to offer rewards. 2 In an intermediate level of customer delight threshold, a seller should use a reward to complement a low-price strategy. As the delight threshold gets higher in this region, price should be higher and the rewards should be raised. 3 When the delight threshold is even higher, the seller should forsake the referral strategy all together. No rewards should be given, and price reverts back to that of a seller who ignores referrals. These results are consistent with the fact that referral rewards are not offered in all markets. Our analysis highlights the differences between lowering price and offering rewards as tools to motivate referrals. Lowering price is attractive because the seller "kills two birds with one stone": a lower price increases the probability of an initial purchase and the likelihood of referral. Unfortunately, a low price also creates a "free-riding" problem, because some customers benefit from the low price but do not refer other customers. Free riding becomes more severe with an increasing delight threshold; therefore, motivating referrals through low price is less attractive at high threshold levels. A referral reward helps to alleviate this problem, because of its "pay for performance" incentive only actual referrals are rewarded. Unfortunately, rewards can sometimes be given to customers who would have recommended anyway, causing a waste of company resources. The lower the delight threshold level, the bigger the waste and, therefore, motivating referrals through rewards loses attractiveness. Our theory highlights the advantage of using referral rewards in addition to lowering price to motivate referrals. It explains why referral programs are offered sometimes but not always and provides guidelines to managers on how to set the price and reward optimally.
Explicating Open Innovation: Clarifying an Emerging Paradigm for Understanding Innovation

We explore the growth, scope and impact of the academic literature that has arisen since the publication of Open Innovation back in 2003. Moreover, we further clarify and develop the conceptualization of open innovation, which we define as a distributed innovation process based on purposively managed knowledge flows across organizational boundaries, using pecuniary and non-pecuniary mechanisms in line with the organization's business model. On this basis, we then discuss divergent views on open innovation and we call for greater consistency in future research. Next, we address some of the critiques on the notion and development of open innovation as they have emerged in the literature so far. Finally, we consider the progress open innovation research has made, relative to the research agenda identified in Chesbrough, Vanhaverbeke, and West (2006), and extend the possible research subjects and units of analysis.
Magnet flux nulling control of interior PM machine drives for improved response to short-circuit faults

This paper proposes a control method to null the magnet flux in an interior permanent magnet (IPM) motor following short-circuit type faults in either the inverter drive or motor stator windings. Phase control is employed to implement the flux nulling control method so that it is possible to take advantage of a zero sequence current in order to minimize the current in the shorted phase. It is shown that phase control results in a smaller induced current than employing a synchronous frame dq0 current regulator. The induced torque is also less than employing a purposely commanded symmetrical short-circuit in response to a short-circuit type fault. In the paper, the complete magnet flux nulling control algorithm is derived with reference to the proposed phase current control method. The impact of controlling the zero sequence on the resulting phase currents is presented. Both simulation and experimental results are presented verifying operation of the proposed methods.
Cost & Effect: Using Integrated Cost Systems to Drive Profitability and Performance

Preface 1. Introduction: Cost and Performance Management Systems 2. Four-Stage Model for Designing Cost and Performance Measurement Systems 3. Stage II: Standard Cost and Flexible Budgeting Systems Appendix: GPK Cost System 4. Stage III Systems for Learning and Improvement: Upgrading and Supplementing Standard Cost Systems 5. Stage III Systems for Learning and Improvement: Kaizen Costing and Pseudo-Profit Centers 6. Activity-Based Costing: Introduction Appendix: ABC Activity and Process Dictionary 7. Measuring the Cost of Resource Capacity 8. Activity-Based Management: Operational Applications Appendix: Value- and Non-Value-Added Activities 9. Strategic Activity-Based Management: Product Mix and Pricing 10. Strategic Activity-Based Management: Customers 11. Strategic Activity-Based Management: Supplier Relationships and Product Development Appendix: Target Costing 12. ABC in Service Industries 13. Extending Activity-Based Cost Systems 14. Stage IV: Integrating ABC with Enterprise-Wide Systems 15. Stage IV: Using ABC for Budgeting and Transfer Pricing Notes Index About the Authors
Novel dual‐band WLAN antennas with integrated band‐select filter for 802.11 a/b/g WLAN radios in portable devices

Novel dual‐band WLAN antenna system with integrated band‐select filter is designed. This integrated antenna design system provide VSWR <2:1 for both 2.4–2.5 GHz and 4.9–5.85 GHz with omni‐directional radio patterns. Based on these features, a novel architecture for a dual‐band WLAN radio Front‐End in portable devices can be achieved. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 49: 1868–1872, 2007; Published online in Wiley Inter‐Science (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/mop.22601
Printable ink holograms

The development of single-step printable holographic recording techniques can enable applications in rapid data storage, imaging, and bio-sensing. The personalized use of holography is limited due to specialist level of knowledge, time consuming recording techniques, and high-cost equipment. Here, we report a rapid and feasible in-line reflection recording strategy for printing surface holograms consisting of ink using a single pulse of a laser light within seconds. The laser interference pattern and periodicity of surface grating as a function of tilt angle are predicted by computationally and demonstrated experimentally to create 2D linear gratings and three-dimensional (3D) images. We further demonstrate the utility of our approach in creating personalized handwritten signatures and 3D images.
Nonenzymatic domains of Kalirin7 contribute to spine morphogenesis through interactions with phosphoinositides and Abl

Several Rho GDP/GTP exchange factors include a Sec14 domain and spectrin repeats. The Sec14 domain of Kalirin 7 is a determinant of spine length. Together the noncatalytic Sec14 domain and spectrin repeats of Kalirin 7 support spine formation, localize to the postsynaptic density, and attract presynaptic endings.
Inter‐island movements and population differentiation in a pelagic seabird

We used mark–resight data and amplified fragment length polymorphism (AFLP) markers to assess movements and gene flow between Central Pacific breeding colonies of the great frigatebird, Fregata minor. Of 715 adult frigatebirds marked on Tern Island and Johnston Atoll, 21.3% were resighted at other frigatebird colonies at least 582 km away. Mark–resight data indicated regular movement of males and females between Tern Island and Johnston Atoll (873 km apart), and less frequent movements to other islands; no birds marked on Tern or Johnston were seen on Christmas Island, but one was seen in the Philippines, 7627 km from where it was marked. Despite the regular occurrence of interisland movements, Bayesian analyses of AFLP data showed significant genetic differentiation between Tern Island and Johnston Atoll, and more pronounced differentiation between these two islands and the more distant Christmas Island. The AFLP profiles of three birds breeding on Tern Island fell within the profile‐cluster typical for Christmas Island birds, both in a nonmetric multidimensional scaling analysis and in a population assignment test, suggesting dispersal events from Christmas Island to Tern Island. Several factors could explain the persistence of genetic structure despite frequent movements between colonies: many movements occurred during the nonbreeding season, many breeding‐season movements did not involve mate‐acquisition behaviours and individuals that do disperse may be selected against, as suggested by morphometric differences between colonies. The persistence of genetic structure among breeding colonies despite significant interisland movements suggests limits to the effectiveness of migration as a homogenizing force in this broadly distributed, extremely mobile species.
Conflicting Agents in Distributed Search

We extend here the work on interleaved distributed graph based backjumping, IDIBT/GBJ7,6,5 by considering conflicting agents.13 The resulting method IDIBT/CBJ-DkC for Conflict-directed Back-Jumbing and Directed k-Consistency combines distributed and parallel explorations of search spaces with more efficient backtrack steps. We take advantage of the asynchronous framework to implement a more refined and efficient update of conflicts. A fine analysis of these conflicts allows to some extent the detection of k-inconsistent values. Our experiments show a large improvement over graph based distributed/interleaved search.
Dependency-structure Annotation to Corpus of Spontaneous Japanese

In Japanese, syntactic structure of a sentence is generally represented by the relationship between phrasal units, or bunsetsus inJapanese, based on a dependency grammar. In the same way, thesyntactic structure of a sentence in a large, spontaneous, Japanese-speech corpus, the Corpus of Spontaneous Japanese (CSJ), isrepresented by dependency relationships between bunsetsus. This paper describes the criteria and definitions of dependency relationships between bunsetsus in the CSJ. The dependency structure of the CSJ is investigated, and the difference in the dependency structures ofwritten text and spontaneous speech is discussed in terms of thedependency accuracies obtained by using a corpus-based model. It is shown that the accuracy of automatic dependency-structure analysis canbe improved if characteristic phenomena of spontaneous speech such as self-corrections, basic utterance units in spontaneous speech, and bunsetsus that have no modifiee are detected and used for dependency-structure analysis.
Validity and Agreement between the 28-Joint Disease Activity Score Based on C-Reactive Protein and Erythrocyte Sedimentation Rate in Patients with Rheumatoid Arthritis

Objective. To validate the agreement between the 28-joint disease activity score based on erythrocyte sedimentation rate (DAS28-ESR) and the 28-joint disease activity score based on C-reactive protein (DAS28-CRP) in a group of Danish patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA). Methods. Data from 109 Danish RA patients initiating biologic treatment were analysed at baseline and following one year of treatment. Participants were retrospectively enrolled from a previous cohort study and were considered eligible for this project if CRP and ESR were measured at baseline and at the follow-up visit. To assess the extent of agreement between the two DAS28 definitions, the “European League Against Rheumatism” (EULAR) response criteria based on each definition were calculated with cross-classification. Weighted Kappa (κ) coefficients were calculated, and Bland-Altman plots were used to illustrate degree of agreement between DAS28 definitions. Results. The 75 eligible patients were classified as EULAR good, moderate, and nonresponders with good agreement (61/75; 81%) between DAS28-CRP and DAS28-ESR (κ = 0.75 (95% CI: 0.63 to 0.88)). Conclusions. According to our findings, DAS28-CRP and DAS28-ESR are interchangeable when assessing RA patients and the two versions of DAS28 are comparable between studies.
Absolute polarization position angle profiles of southern pulsars at 1.4 and 3.1 GHz

We present here a direct comparison of the polarization position angle (PA) profiles of 17 pulsars, observed at 1.4 and 3.1 GHz. Absolute PAs are obtained at each frequency, permitting a measurement of the difference in the profiles. By doing this, we obtain more precise rotation measure (RM) values for some of the pulsars in the current catalogue. We find that, apart from RM corrections, there are small, pulse-longitude-dependent differences in PA with frequency. Such differences go beyond the interpretation of a geometrical origin. We describe in detail the PA evolution between the two frequencies and discuss possible causes, such as orthogonal and nonorthogonal polarization modes of emission. We also use the PA and total power profiles to estimate the difference in emission height at which the two frequencies originate. In our data sample, there are changes in the relative strengths of different pulse components, especially overlapping linearly polarized components, which coincide with intrinsic changes of the PA profile, resulting in interesting PA differences between the two frequencies.
Understanding the behavioral intention to use ERP systems: An extended technology acceptance model

Over the past few years, firms around the world have implemented enterprise resource planning (ERP) systems to have a standardized information system in their organizations. While millions of dollars have been spent on implementing ERP systems, previous research indicates that potential users may still not use them. This study, based on data from 75 potential end-users, examines various factors affecting users' behavioral intention to use the ERP system. The results indicate that subjective norms, perceived usefulness and education level are determinants of behavioral intention to use the system. In addition, perceived usefulness affects attitude towards use, and both perceived ease of use and compatibility affect perceived usefulness. Implications of these findings are discussed and further research opportunities described.
A predictive model for recognizing human behaviour based on trajectory representation

The automatic understanding of the behaviour conducted by humans in scenarios using images as input of the system is a very important and challenging problem involving different areas of computational intelligence. In this paper human activity recognition is studied from a prediction point of view. We propose a model that, in addition to the capabilities of it to predict behaviour from new inputs, it is able to detect behaviour using a portion of the input. Specifically, we propose a prediction activity method based on the Activity Description Vector (ADV) to early detect the behaviour performed by a person in a scene. ADV is used to extract features that are normalized to be the cue of behaviour classifiers. We use complete sequences for training and partial sequences to evaluate the prediction capabilities having a specific observation time of the scene. CAVIAR dataset and different classic classifiers have been used for experimentation in order to evaluate the proposal obtaining great accuracy on the early recognition.
Sequence Specific Binding of Beta Carboline Alkaloid Harmalol with Deoxyribonucleotides: Binding Heterogeneity, Conformational, Thermodynamic and Cytotoxic Aspects

Background Base dependent binding of the cytotoxic alkaloid harmalol to four synthetic polynucleotides, poly(dA). poly(dT), poly(dA-dT). poly(dA-dT), poly(dG). poly(dC) and poly(dG-dC). poly(dG-dC) was examined by various photophysical and calorimetric studies, and molecular docking. Methodology/Principal Findings Binding data obtained from absorbance according to neighbor exclusion model indicated that the binding constant decreased in the order poly(dG-dC). poly(dG-dC)>poly(dA-dT). poly(dA-dT)>poly(dA). poly(dT)>poly(dG). poly(dC). The same trend was shown by the competition dialysis, change in fluorescence steady state intensity, stabilization against thermal denaturation, increase in the specific viscosity and perturbations in circular dichroism spectra. Among the polynucleotides, poly(dA). poly(dT) and poly(dG). poly(dC) showed positive cooperativity where as poly(dG-dC). poly(dG-dC) and poly(dA-dT). poly(dA-dT) showed non cooperative binding. Isothermal calorimetric data on the other hand showed enthalpy driven exothermic binding with a hydrophobic contribution to the binding Gibbs energy with poly(dG-dC). poly(dG-dC), and poly(dA-dT). poly(dA-dT) where as harmalol with poly(dA). poly(dT) showed entropy driven endothermic binding and with poly(dG). poly(dC) it was reported to be entropy driven exothermic binding. The study also tested the in vitro chemotherapeutic potential of harmalol in HeLa, MDA-MB-231, A549, and HepG2 cell line by MTT assay. Conclusions/Significance Studies unequivocally established that harmalol binds strongly with hetero GC polymer by mechanism of intercalation where the alkaloid resists complete overlap to the DNA base pairs inside the intercalation cavity and showed maximum cytotoxicity on HepG2 with IC50 value of 14 µM. The results contribute to the understanding of binding, specificity, energetic, cytotoxicity and docking of harmalol-DNA complexation that will guide synthetic efforts of medicinal chemists for developing better therapeutic agents.
Permission based implementation of Dynamic Separation of Duty (DSD) in Role based Access Control (RBAC)

Role based Access Control (RBAC) is known as an evolution in the field of access control. The strength of RBAC is considered due to the incorporation of concept of roles. Separation of Duty (SOD) is a constraint that implements least privilege principle in RBAC. Dynamic Separation of Duty (DSD) is a powerful constraint to control internal security threats. Current RBAC standard implements DSD on the level of roles. This creates various problems. In this paper, various problems in case of implementing DSD on the level of roles are identified. We show and prove that RBAC's strength is the incorporation of concept of roles but this is not for better security in terms of authorization. Instead this helps in better administration or usability for users. The RBAC usability can be improved if RBAC administration is being implemented on the basis of roles and access control can be more secure if DSD is being implemented on the basis of conflicting permissions. The concept of normalized roles is also introduced. The proposed model implements access control on the basis of normalized role. DSD is being implemented on the basis of conflicting permissions and non-conflicting permissions are exercised under the umbrella of role. This becomes a hybrid approach for access control. The administrators are given freedom in implementing DSD in various modes according to the organizational requirements from lenient to strict implementation. The proposed model is also formally specified and the benefits as a result of implementing the proposed model are discussed.
Derivation and validation of a prognostic model for pulmonary embolism.

RATIONALE An objective and simple prognostic model for patients with pulmonary embolism could be helpful in guiding initial intensity of treatment. OBJECTIVES To develop a clinical prediction rule that accurately classifies patients with pulmonary embolism into categories of increasing risk of mortality and other adverse medical outcomes. METHODS We randomly allocated 15,531 inpatient discharges with pulmonary embolism from 186 Pennsylvania hospitals to derivation (67%) and internal validation (33%) samples. We derived our prediction rule using logistic regression with 30-day mortality as the primary outcome, and patient demographic and clinical data routinely available at presentation as potential predictor variables. We externally validated the rule in 221 inpatients with pulmonary embolism from Switzerland and France. MEASUREMENTS We compared mortality and nonfatal adverse medical outcomes across the derivation and two validation samples. MAIN RESULTS The prediction rule is based on 11 simple patient characteristics that were independently associated with mortality and stratifies patients with pulmonary embolism into five severity classes, with 30-day mortality rates of 0-1.6% in class I, 1.7-3.5% in class II, 3.2-7.1% in class III, 4.0-11.4% in class IV, and 10.0-24.5% in class V across the derivation and validation samples. Inpatient death and nonfatal complications were <or= 1.1% among patients in class I and <or= 1.9% among patients in class II. CONCLUSIONS Our rule accurately classifies patients with pulmonary embolism into classes of increasing risk of mortality and other adverse medical outcomes. Further validation of the rule is important before its implementation as a decision aid to guide the initial management of patients with pulmonary embolism.
Fertility and Rural Electrification in Bangladesh

We use a household-level panel dataset from Bangladesh to examine the household-level relationship between fertility and the access to electricity. We find that the household's access to electricity reduces the change in the number of children by about 0.1 to 0.25 children in a period of five years in most estimates. This finding also applies to retrospective panel data and is robust to the choice of covariates and estimation methods. Our finding passes falsication test and corroborates with the predictions of our theoretical model on the households' time use and consumption pattern.