Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
An Algebra for Composing Access Control Policies in Grid

Policy composition is an essential requirement of grid access control, not only because of the integrity of local and global policies, but also the dynamic collaboration under jointly controlled policies among multiple partners across different domains. In this paper, we propose an algebra for compositing attribute-based access control policies. Traditional arithmetic operators are extended and semantically redefined, as well as new operators are introduced to satisfy unique grid scenarios. The powerful expressiveness of our proposed algebra is illustrated by applying to scenarios and comparing with related works.
European League Against Rheumatism (EULAR) recommendations for the management of psoriatic arthritis with pharmacological therapies: 2015 update

Background Since the publication of the European League Against Rheumatism recommendations for the pharmacological treatment of psoriatic arthritis (PsA) in 2012, new evidence and new therapeutic agents have emerged. The objective was to update these recommendations. Methods A systematic literature review was performed regarding pharmacological treatment in PsA. Subsequently, recommendations were formulated based on the evidence and the expert opinion of the 34 Task Force members. Levels of evidence and strengths of recommendations were allocated. Results The updated recommendations comprise 5 overarching principles and 10 recommendations, covering pharmacological therapies for PsA from non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), to conventional synthetic (csDMARD) and biological (bDMARD) disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs, whatever their mode of action, taking articular and extra-articular manifestations of PsA into account, but focusing on musculoskeletal involvement. The overarching principles address the need for shared decision-making and treatment objectives. The recommendations address csDMARDs as an initial therapy after failure of NSAIDs and local therapy for active disease, followed, if necessary, by a bDMARD or a targeted synthetic DMARD (tsDMARD). The first bDMARD would usually be a tumour necrosis factor (TNF) inhibitor. bDMARDs targeting interleukin (IL)12/23 (ustekinumab) or IL-17 pathways (secukinumab) may be used in patients for whom TNF inhibitors are inappropriate and a tsDMARD such as a phosphodiesterase 4-inhibitor (apremilast) if bDMARDs are inappropriate. If the first bDMARD strategy fails, any other bDMARD or tsDMARD may be used. Conclusions These recommendations provide stakeholders with an updated consensus on the pharmacological treatment of PsA and strategies to reach optimal outcomes in PsA, based on a combination of evidence and expert opinion.
Guidelines for using quantitative measures of brain magnetic resonance imaging abnormalities in monitoring the treatment of multiple sclerosis

The change of brain lesion load, measured on T2‐weighted magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) using computer‐assisted techniques, is a widely used secondary endpoint for phase III clinical trials in multiple sclerosis (MS). Collections, transfer, and analysis of the electronic data across multiple centers have all proved challenging and give rise to potential errors. However, many new acquisition schemes and postprocessing techniques have been developed; these may reduce scan times and result in better lesion conspicuity or lessen the human interaction needed for data analysis. This review considers many aspects of the use of MRI in clinical trials for MS and provides international consensus guidelines, derived from a task force of the European Magnetic Resonance Networks in Multiple Sclerosis (MAGNIMS) together with a group of North American experts. The main points considered are the organization of correctly powered trials and selection of participating sites; the appropriate choice of pulse sequences and image acquisition protocol given the current state of technology; quality assurance for data acquisition and analysis; accuracy and reproducibility of lesion load assessments; and the potential for the application of quantitative methods to other MRI‐derived measures of disease burden.
Survey research with preliterate adult populations in post conflict situations using researcher-assisted self-completion questionnaires

Abstract This paper presents an innovative and effective approach for conducting surveys with preliterate adults in a context of limited infrastructure in post conflict Burundi, Africa. We conducted surveys with parents/carers of children with a disability and community members, as a component of mixed methods research with children and adults to provide baseline data for Handicap International in developing programs to prevent sexual abuse among children with a disability. To meet the challenges of conducting surveys on the sensitive topic in such field conditions, we developed specifically adapted researcher-assisted self-completion questionnaires (RASCQ) using images and verbal guidance. RASCQ allowed researchers to provide respondents with supports needed to complete surveys and the privacy and confidentiality needed to encourage honest answers. This paper discusses the development process, details of survey implementation, and quality of data obtained. RASCQ proposed in the current study can be used in various studies with marginalised groups and people in developing countries.
Pressure‐induced thermostabilization of glutamate dehydrogenase from the hyperthermophile pyrococcus furiosus

In this paper, elevated pressures up to 750 atm (1 atm = 101 kPa) were found to have a strong stabilizing effect on two extremely thermophilic glutamate dehydrogenases (GDHs): the native enzyme from the hyperthermophile Pyrococcus furiosus (Pf), and a recombinant GDH mutant containing an extra tetrapeptide at the C‐terminus (rGDHt). The presence of the tetrapeptide greatly destabilized the recombinant mutant at ambient pressure; however, the destabilizing effect was largely reversed by the application of pressure. Electron spin resonance (ESR) spectroscopy of a spin‐label attached to the terminal cysteine of rGDHt revealed a high degree of mobility, suggesting that destabilization is due to weakened intersubunit ion‐pair interactions induced by thermal fluctuations of the tetrapeptide. For both enzymes, the stabilizing effect of pressure increased with temperature as well as pressure, reaching 36‐fold for rGDHt at 105 C and 750 atm, the largest pressure‐induced thermostabilization of an enzyme reported to date. Stabilization of both native GDH and rGDHt was also achieved by adding glycerol. Based on the kinetics of thermal inactivation and the known effects of glycerol on protein structure, a mechanism of pressure‐induced thermostabilization is proposed.
Le capital social

Le concept de « capital social » forge par Pierre Bourdieu est aujourd’hui largement utilise dans la sociologie anglophone. Ce transfert des sociologues francophones vers leurs collegues anglophones est suffisamment rare pour etre souligne. Dans La Distinction (1979), Pierre Bourdieu resume la hierarchie sociale au travers des concepts de « capital economique » et de « capital culturel ». Puis dans l’article presente ici [1] , initialement publie en 1980, il ajoute le « capital social », ensemble des ressources actuelles ou potentielles liees au reseau social. Le capital social n’est pas independant des deux autres types de capitaux : il n’existe que parce que les contacts sont eux-memes dotes de capitaux economique et culturel. Ainsi, selon la celebre metaphore du capital, le reseau s’accumule, se legue (principalement au sein de la famille) et rapporte des profits materiels et symboliques. Les individus et les groupes se livrent a un travail (conscient ou non) d’investissement en capital social dans les echanges sociaux, qui cree des obligations mutuelles (comme le montrent ses travaux sur le don en Kabylie) et des signes de reconnaissance (confere l’etude des pratiques socialement selectives).
Feasibility and Outcome of Reducing Salt in Bread: A Community Trial in Southern Iran.

BACKGROUND Salt is linked to hypertension, stomach cancer, kidney stone, and some other diseases. Given the harmful effect of eating too much salt, which has been reported in recent years more than ever before, culture-bound interventions are emphasized to be designed in Middle Eastern Countries in order to reduce dietary salt. OBJECTIVES This research was aimed at studying the feasibility of gradually reducing salt in bread and its effect on blood pressure. PATIENTS & METHODS In this community trial, two cities from the southeast of Iran with similar cultural conditions were selected. In addition to the installation of educational banners and door-to-door distribution of pamphlets, salt in bread in one of the cities reduced by 40% over a 4-week period. In the control city, only door-to-door distribution of pamphlets was carried out. Urinary sodium, systolic and diastolic blood pressure, and individuals' height and weight were measured before and 12 weeks after the intervention. RESULTS The average age, weight, and height in the intervention city (n=346) and control city (n=310) were comparable (P>0.05). Perceived harm of salt was similar in both groups (P>0.05). ANCOVA results indicated that salt intake and post-intervention systolic blood pressure had a significantly greater reduction in the intervention group than in the control group (P<0.05). CONCLUSION Reduction of salt in bread by 40% was an acceptable intervention to people, which reduced urinary sodium and systolic blood pressure.
Tecnis Symfony Intraocular Lens with a “Sweet Spot” for Tolerance to Postoperative Residual Refractive Errors

Purpose: To investigate the impact of residual astigmatism on visual acuity (VA) after the implantation of a novel extended range of vision (ERV) intraocular lens (IOL) based on the correction of spherical and chromatic aberration. Method: The study enrolled 411 patients bilaterally implanted with the ERV IOL Tecnis Symfony. Visual acuity and subjective refraction were analyzed during the 4- to 6-month follow-up. The sample of eyes was stratified for four groups according to the magnitude of postoperative refractive astigmatism and postoperative spherical equivalent. Results: The astigmatism analysis included 386 eyes of 193 patients with both eyes of each patient within the same cylinder range. Uncorrected VAs for distance, intermediate and near were better in the group of eyes with lower level of postoperative astigmatism, but even in eyes with residual cylinders up to 0.75 D, the loss of VA lines was clinically not relevant. The orientation of astigmatism did not seem to have an impact on the tolerance to the residual cylinder. The SE evaluation included 810 eyes of 405 patients, with both eyes of each patient in the same SE range. Uncorrected VAs for distance, intermediate and near, were very similar in all SE groups. Conclusion: Residual cylinders up to 0.75 D after the implantation of the Tecnis Symfony IOL have a very mild impact on monocular and binocular VA. The Tecnis Symfony IOL shows a good tolerance to unexpected refractive surprises and thus a better “sweet spot”.
Fate map of the avian anterior forebrain at the four-somite stage, based on the analysis of quail-chick chimeras.

To better understand the topological organization of the primordia within the anterior forebrain, we made a fate map of the rostral neural plate in the chick. Homotopic grafts at the four-somite stage were allowed to survive for up to 9 days to enable an analysis of definitive brain structures. In some cases, the topography of the grafted neuroepithelia was compared with gene expression patterns. The midpoint of the anterior neural ridge maps upon the anterior commissure in the closed neural tube, continuing concentrically into the preoptic area and optic field. Non-neural epithelium just in front of this median ridge gives rise to the adenohypophysis. Areas for the presumptive pallial commissure, septum, and prosencephalic choroidal tissue lie progressively more posteriorly along the ridge, peripheral to the telencephalic entopeduncular and striatopallidal primordia (the subpallium), and the pallium (olfactory bulb, dorsal ventricular ridge, and cortical domains). Subpallial structures lie topologically anterior to the pallial formations, and both are concentric to the septum. Within the pallium, the major cortical domains (Wulst and caudolateral, parahippocampal, and hippocampal cortices) appear posterior to the dorsal ventricular ridge. The amygdaloid region appears concentrically across both the subpallial and pallial regions. This fate map shows that the arrangement of the prospective primordia in the neural plate is basically a flattened representation of topological relationships present in the mature brain, though marked phenomena of differential growth and selective tangential migration of some cell populations complicate the histogenetic constitution of the mature telencephalon.
A Glass half full: Contrarian trading in the flash crash 1

Stocks with better past returns crash more than other stocks on May 6, 2010. I find evidence that this is related to such stocks being unattractive to contrarian buyers. This suggests the importance of contrarian investors in stabilizing price fluctuations. However, the glass is half full---that the contrarian investors shun certain types of stocks limits the extent of price stability that relies heavily on this and other similar types of trading strategies. Stocks with better past returns exhibit more negative coskewness, which holds in almost every month since the 1960s and for past return horizons ranging from one month to three years. This has interesting implications for risk premia associated with short-term reversal, medium-term momentum, and long-run reversal portfolios.
Evaluating Six Common Stereotypes About Older Workers with Meta‐Analytical Data

This study evaluates the cumulated empirical evidence on 6 common age stereotypes. These stereotypes suggest that older workers are: (a) less motivated, (b) generally less willing to participate in training and career development, (c) more resistant and less willing to change, (d) less trusting, (e) less healthy, and (f) more vulnerable to work-family imbalance. The meta-analysis included 418 empirical studies (N= 208,204) and examined the relationships of age to 39 variables representing the content domain of age stereotypes. The only stereotype consistent with empirical evidence is that older workers are less willing to participate in training and career development activities. The paper concludes with implications for future theory development and management practice.
Designing for Virtual Communities in the Service of Learning: COMING TO TERMS WITH COMMUNITY

Part I. Coming To Terms With Community: 1. Introduction: designing for virtual communities in the service of learning Sasha Barab, Rob Kling and James Gray 2. Models of community learning and online learning in communities Margaret Riel and Linda Polin Part II. Designing for Web-supported Community: 3. Designing system dualities: building online community Sasha Barab, James MaKinster and Rebecca Scheckler 4. Characterizing collective behavior online: the social organization of hangouts, clubs, associations, teams and communities Rob Kling and Christina Courtright 5. Online teacher communities: technology snake-oil or powerful catalysts for professional development? Mark Schlager and Judi Fucso 6. Community of practice a metaphor for online design? Thomas Schwen Part III. Characterizing Community/Member Participation: 7. Autonomy, interaction and knowledge-building as bases for learning at the math forum Ann Renninger 8. An exploration of community in a knowledge forum classroom: an activity system analysis Jim Hewitt 9. Co-evolution of technological design and pedagogy in an online learning community Amy Bruckman 10. From ambitious vision to partially satisfying reality: an evolving socio-technical design supporting community and collaborative learning in teaching education Sharon Derry, Julia Lee, Jong-Baeg Kim and Jennifer Seymour Part IV. Researching Online Community: 11. Using social network analysis to study online learning communities Emmanuel Koku and Barry Wellman 12. Computer-mediated discourse analysis: an approach to researching online communities Susan Herring 13. Shared 'we' and shared 'they' indicators of group identity in online teacher professional development Kirk Sluder and Sasha Barab 14. Sociocultural analysis of online professional development: a case study of personal, interpersonal, and community aspects James Gray and Deborah Tatar.
Some of My Favourite Results in Classic Process Algebra

2003, Luca Aceto.BRICS, Department of Computer ScienceUniversity of Aarhus. All rights reserved.Reproduction of all or part of this workis permitted for educational or research useon condition that this copyright notice isincluded in any copy.See back inner page for a list of recent BRICS Notes Series publications.Copies may be obtained by contacting:BRICSDepartment of Computer ScienceUniversity of AarhusNy Munkegade, building 540DK–8000 Aarhus CDenmarkTelephone:+45 8942 3360Telefax: +45 8942 3255Internet: BRICS@brics.dkBRICS publications are in general accessible through the World WideWeb and anonymous FTP through these URLs:http://www.brics. dkftp://ftp.brics. dkThis document in subdirectory NS/03/2/
Tracking maneuvering targets with a soft bound on the number of maneuvers

We revisit the problem of tracking the state of a hybrid system capable of performing a bounded number of mode switches. In a previous paper we have addressed a version of the problem where we have assumed the existence of a deterministic, known hard bound on the number of mode transitions. In addition, it was assumed that the system can possess only two modes, e.g., the maneuvering and non-maneuvering regimes of a tracked target. In the present paper we relax both assumptions: we assume a soft, stochastic bound on the number of mode transitions, and altogether remove the restriction on the number of modes of the system (thus, e.g., the target can have multiple different maneuvering modes, in addition to the non-maneuvering one). Similarly to the case where the number of transition was deterministically hard-bounded, the existence of the bound renders the mode switching mechanism non-Markov. Thus, the two formulations address similar, though not identical, problems, that cannot be solved by direct application of standard algorithms for hybrid systems. The novel solution approach is based on transforming the non-Markovian mode switching mechanism to an equivalent Markovian one, at the price of augmenting the mode definition. A standard interacting multiple model (IMM) filter is then applied to the transformed problem in a straightforward manner. The performance of the new method is demonstrated via a simulation study comprising three examples, in which the new method is compared with 1) the filter for hard-bounded mode transitions, and 2) a standard IMM filter directly applied to the original problem. The study shows that even when working outside its operating envelope, the new filter closely approximates the best filter for the scenario.
An Agent‐Based Model of Evolving Community Flood Risk

Although individual behavior plays a major role in community flood risk, traditional flood risk models generally do not capture information on how community policies and individual decisions impact the evolution of flood risk over time. The purpose of this study is to improve the understanding of the temporal aspects of flood risk through a combined analysis of the behavioral, engineering, and physical hazard aspects of flood risk. Additionally, the study aims to develop a new modeling approach for integrating behavior, policy, flood hazards, and engineering interventions. An agent‐based model (ABM) is used to analyze the influence of flood protection measures, individual behavior, and the occurrence of floods and near‐miss flood events on community flood risk. The ABM focuses on the following decisions and behaviors: dissemination of flood management information, installation of community flood protection, elevation of household mechanical equipment, and elevation of homes. The approach is place based, with a case study area in Fargo, North Dakota, but is focused on generalizable insights. Generally, community mitigation results in reduced future damage, and individual action, including mitigation and movement into and out of high‐risk areas, can have a significant influence on community flood risk. The results of this study provide useful insights into the interplay between individual and community actions and how it affects the evolution of flood risk. This study lends insight into priorities for future work, including the development of more in‐depth behavioral and decision rules at the individual and community level.
Distinct Cysteine Residues in Keap1 Are Required for Keap1-Dependent Ubiquitination of Nrf2 and for Stabilization of Nrf2 by Chemopreventive Agents and Oxidative Stress

ABSTRACT A common feature of diverse chemopreventive agents is the ability to activate expression of a genetic program that protects cells from reactive chemical species that, if left unchecked, would cause mutagenic DNA damage. The bZIP transcription factor Nrf2 has emerged as a key regulator of this cancer-preventive genetic program. Nrf2 is normally sequestered in the cytoplasm by a protein known as Keap1. Chemopreventive agents allow Nrf2 to escape from Keap1-mediated repression, although the molecular mechanism(s) responsible for activation of Nrf2 is not understood. In this report, we demonstrate that Keap1 does not passively sequester Nrf2 in the cytoplasm but actively targets Nrf2 for ubiquitination and degradation by the proteosome under basal culture conditions. We have identified two critical cysteine residues in Keap1, C273 and C288, that are required for Keap1-dependent ubiquitination of Nrf2. Both sulforaphane, a chemopreventive isothiocyanate, and oxidative stress enable Nrf2 to escape Keap1-dependent degradation, leading to stabilization of Nrf2, increased nuclear localization of Nrf2, and activation of Nrf2-dependent cancer-protective genes. We have identified a third cysteine residue in Keap1, C151, that is uniquely required for inhibition of Keap1-dependent degradation of Nrf2 by sulforaphane and oxidative stress. This cysteine residue is also required for a novel posttranslational modification to Keap1 that is induced by oxidative stress. We propose that Keap1 is a component of a novel E3 ubiquitin ligase complex that is specifically targeted for inhibition by both chemopreventive agents and oxidative stress.
D Pose from 3 Corresponding Points under Weak-Perspective Projection

Model-based object recognition commonly involves using a minimal set of matched model and image points to compute the pose of the model in image coordinates. Furthermore, recognition systems often rely on the \weak-perspective" imaging model in place of the perspective imaging model. This paper discusses computing the pose of a model from three corresponding points under weak-perspective projection. A new solution to the problem is proposed which, like previous solutions, involves solving a biquadratic equation. Here the biquadratic is motivated geometrically and its solutions, comprised of an actual and a false solution, are interpreted graphically. The nal equations take a new form, which lead to a simple expression for the image position of any unmatched model point.