Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Managing time: An interpretative phenomenological analysis of patients' and physiotherapists' perceptions of adherence to therapeutic exercise for low back pain

Purpose. Physiotherapy for low back pain (LBP) includes exercise therapy. Unfortunately adherence is problematic. This study explores patients' and physiotherapists' perceptions of exercise adherence. Method. Nine LBP patients and eight physiotherapists were interviewed. Interpretative Phenomenological Analysis (IPA) was used to explore transcript data. Results. The main theme ‘managing time’, reveals how pressure on time reflects society's view of time as a commodity. Theme components include ‘the bargaining process’: physiotherapists spend time listening, exploring patient beliefs, but modify patients' expectations of quick cures with the need to own their back care. ‘Reviewing the future’ identifies fears about long-term disability, highlighting the importance of recovery time knowledge. Conclusions. Interpreting participants' stories illustrates how investing in routine exercise could help re-interpret LBP as part of everyday life.
The clinical efficacy of neuronavigation-assisted minimally invasive operation on hypertensive basal ganglia hemorrhage.

OBJECTIVE To explore the therapeutic effect of neuronavigation-assisted minimally invasive operation on hypertensive basal ganglia hemorrhage patients with hematoma volume less than 30 mL. PATIENTS AND METHODS 25 hypertensive basal ganglia hemorrhage patients with hematoma volume varied from 15 to 30 mL were enrolled. 13 patients were recuited to undertook puncture aspiration and catheter drainage under real-time neuronavigation. The operations were carried out under CT imaging guidance. Twelve patients with conservative treatment were recruited as control. RESULTS Neuronavigation operation group was superior to the conservative treatment group in terms of hematoma clearance time, duration of hospitalization, 6-month Glasgow coma score (GCS) scores and neurological deficiency scores. CONCLUSIONS Neuronavigation-assisted minimally invasive operation is suitable for low volume hypertensive basal ganglia hemorrhage and improves the prognosis of these patients significantly.
Social Capital and Entrepreneurship: A Schema and Research Agenda

This introduction to the special issue considers past and current research on “Social Capital and Entrepreneurship” to develop a schema and an associated research agenda. With the general goal of establishing social capital as a foundational theory of entrepreneurship, we discuss how future research can utilize social capital perspectives across levels of analysis and contexts to explain a wide variety of entrepreneurship phenomena.
Maximum Lifetime Combined Barrier-Coverage of Weak Static Sensors and Strong Mobile Sensors

Recently, the concept of barrier-coverage of wireless sensor network has been introduced for various civilian and military defense applications. This paper studies the problem of how to organize hybrid sensor network, which consists of a number of energy-scarce ground sensors with homogenous initial battery level and energy-plentiful mobile sensors, to maximum the lifetime of barrier-coverage. Two key observations are (a) as the lifetime of each mobile sensor is much longer than that of the static ground sensors, each mobile sensor is capable of contributing multiple sensor barrier formations, and (b) no mobile sensor node can join two hybrid barriers which will be successively used to continuously protect the area of interest due to the moving delay. Based on these, we introduce a new maximum lifetime barrier-coverage problem in hybrid sensor network. We first propose a simple heuristic algorithm by combining existing ideas along with our own. Then, we design another efficient algorithm for the problem and prove that the lifetime of hybrid barrier constructed by this algorithm is at least three times greater than the existing one on average. Our simulation result shows that the second algorithm outperforms the first algorithm at least 33 percent and up to 100 percent.
THE RAINFALL TREND OVER CEARA AND ITS IMPLICATIONS

The Ceara State is located in the Northeast of Brazil, which presents a rainy season centered on the months of March and April as show at table 1. This peculiar rainy season can be explained by the migration towards South, crossing the line of the equator, of the Intertropical Convergence Zone (ITCZ). In these months the ITCZ reaches its more southerly latitude in reaction to the surface characteristics, such as the interhemispheric gradient of Sea Surface Temperature (SST) of the Atlantic Ocean (Hastenrath and Druyan, 1993; Chang et al., 2000). The interannual variability of the precipitation in the Northeast of Brazil has an influence on the anomalies of SST in the Equatorial Atlantic Ocean (Moura and Shukla, 1981) and through teleconection with anomaly of SST of the Equatorial Pacific Ocean, El-Nino, (Uvo et al. 1998) The work of Haylock et al (2004) investigating the precipitation trend in South America over period of 1960 to 2000 only used the data of 3 rainfall stations in the Ceara. Crato and Aquiraz had presented a reduction trend of the Total Annual Precipitation (PRCPTOT) and Iguatu an increase trend PRCPTOT. These trends had not significant with p<0,05. The report of the "The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change" (IPCC) available at the webpage http://www.grida. no/climate/ipcc_tar/wg1/077.htm shows the precipitation trend in diverse regions of the globe on a grid of 5° x 5°. The figure 2.25(ii) shows a trend of reduction of the annual precipitation on the Northeast of Brazil of 8% per decade in the period of 1976 to 1999.
H8 Inverter to Reduce Leakage Current in Transformerless Three-Phase Grid-Connected Photovoltaic systems

In this paper, a three-phase grid-connected photovoltaic (PV) topology (named H8) is proposed to address the leakage current issue. AC common-mode voltage and earth leakage current cause problems in the transformerless grid-connected PV systems. Leakage current increases the distortion of the current injected into the grid and the losses, also it generates unwanted radiated and conducted electromagnetic interference. The voltage source full-bridge inverter, which is also known as B6-type converter is widely used for three-phase PV systems. The B6-type inverter suffers from the leakage current, which limits its application to transformerless grid-connected PV systems. The proposed H8 topology reduces the leakage current as well as common-mode voltage variations through the separation of the PV array from the grid during the zero voltage states. Through analysis, simulations, and experimental results, a comparison between the proposed topology and the conventional B6-type topology is performed. Results validate the performance improvements of H8 inverter in terms of leakage current and total harmonic distortion of the output currents injected into the grid. Experimental results are presented for a 2-kW grid-connected PV system.
Understanding Poverty through the Eyes of Low-salaried Government Employees: A Case Study of the NED University of Engineering and Technology

The last few decades have witnessed a significant shift in the concept of development. Research focusing on development has shifted its focus from macroeconomic to more microeconomic development. More recently, poverty has become an important interest area for researchers, governments, United Nations agencies, NGOs and some specialised international development agencies. The United Nations has designated the period 1997-2006 as the decade for poverty eradication [World Summit for Social Development (1995)]. The millennium meeting at the United Nations headquarters and its follow-up meeting at Brussels set up on ambitious target for reducing poverty by half by the year 2015. [Altaf (2004)]. Since the overall objective is "human development," people are presumed to play a major role in assuming the initiative, management of, and control over resources, as well as the setting of priorities for poverty reduction. The translation of this idea into reality necessitates the investigation of people's understanding and experiences of poverty and adjustment to, or coping with, chaotic socio-economic situations and catastrophes (both human and natural), be they food insecurity, hunger, famine outbreaks, or poverty. Some of these crises, in many cases, are not occasional occurrences; rather they are the consequences of long term processes, especially poverty, which is caused by a combination of interacting factors related to social, economic, political, and natural dimensions [Abdel (1996)].
Color phenotypes are under similar genetic control in two distantly related species of Timema stick insect

Ecology and genetics are both of general interest to evolutionary biologists as they can influence the phenotypic and genetic response to selection. The stick insects Timema podura and Timema cristinae exhibit a green/melanistic body color polymorphism that is subject to different ecologically based selective regimes in the two species. Here, we describe aspects of the genetics of this color polymorphism in T. podura, and compare this to previous results in T. cristinae. We first show that similar color phenotypes of the two species cluster in phenotypic space. We then use genome‐wide association mapping to show that in both species, color is controlled by few loci, dominance relationships between color alleles are the same, and SNPs associated with color phenotypes colocalize to the same linkage group. Regions within this linkage group that harbor genetic variants associated with color exhibit elevated linkage disequilibrium relative to genome wide expectations, but more strongly so in T. cristinae. We use these results to discuss predictions regarding how the genetics of color could influence levels of phenotypic and genetic variation that segregate within and between populations of T. podura and T. cristinae, drawing parallels with other organisms.
Assessment of left ventricular function with magnetic resonance imaging vs. echocardiography, contrast echocardiography, and single-photon emission computed tomography in patients with recent ST-elevation myocardial infarction.

AIMS Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is often considered to be the gold standard in measuring left ventricular function and volumes. The aim of this study was to assess the agreements between standard echocardiography (standard echo), contrast echocardiography (contrast echo), single-photon emission computed tomography (SPECT), and MRI in the determination of left ventricular ejection fraction (EF) and end-diastolic volumes (EDV) in patients treated for acute ST-elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI). METHODS AND RESULTS Standard echo, contrast echo, SPECT and MRI were performed on the same day, 3 months after STEMI in 150 patients participating in the NORwegian Study on District Treatment of ST-Elevation Myocardial Infarction (NORDISTEMI). Bland-Altman analysis of EF measured by all four imaging modalities showed generally low mean differences but wide limits of agreement. The mean EDV difference, however, was consistently higher when MRI was compared with standard echo (54.9 mL), contrast echo (41.7 mL) and SPECT (54.6 mL), and the limits of agreement were wider. The mean EDV differences between contrast echo vs. standard echo, SPECT vs. standard echo and contrast echo vs. SPECT were small. CONCLUSION Our data suggest that all four imaging modalities measured EF closely similar after STEMI as demonstrated by a very small bias. The limits of agreement were however wide. EDV measured by MRI was consistently higher when compared with the other methods which may be caused by different tracing-methods and imaging principles. As echocardiography is preferable from a cost-benefit point of view, further analysis would be needed to clarify the nature of such differences.
The Longitudinal Relation between Smoking and Muscle Strength in Healthy Adults

Aim: To assess longitudinally whether smoking tobacco is related to muscle strength in healthy adults and to assess the influence of lifestyle covariates on this relation. Methods: Data were obtained from the observational Amsterdam Growth and Health Longitudinal Study, with four repeated measurements at the ages of 21 (n = 181), 27 (n = 144), 32 (n = 426) and 36 (n = 373) years. Knee muscle strength (KMS) was measured at an angle of 300° per second. Smoking and the covariates physical activity and dietary intake were assessed with a questionnaire. Other covariates included physical fitness and body fat percentage. Cardiopulmonary fitness was assessed with a maximal running test and body fatness with skinfold measurements. Sex-specific longitudinal analyses were carried out using generalized estimating equations. Results: In men and women, an inverse relationship between smoking tobacco and KMS was found. Smoking 100 g of tobacco a week resulted in a reduction of 2.9% in KMS in men and a reduction of 5.0% in women. This relation existed largely independently of lifestyle covariates. Conclusion: This study indicates that smoking is inversely related to skeletal muscle strength in healthy adults.
High-frequency rTMS on DLPFC increases prosocial attitude in case of decision to support people

Engaging in prosocial behavior was explored in the present research, by investigating the role of dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC) in modulation of intention to support other people and of emotional attuning as it was expressed by facial feedback (electromiography, EMG). High-frequency rTMS was applied on DLPFC to 25 subjects when they were required to choose to directly intervene or not to support other people in emotionally valenced social situations (cooperative, noncooperative, conflictual, neutral contexts). Two control conditions were included in the experimental design to control the simple stimulation effect (sham condition with absence of TMS stimulation) and the location effect (control site condition with Pz stimulation). In comparison with sham and control condition, rTMS stimulation induced increased prosocial behavior in all the emotional situations. Moreover, as a function of valence, zygomatic (for positive situations) and corrugators (for negative situations) muscle activity was increased, with significant effect by DLPFC stimulation which induced a “facilitation effect”. In addition, negative situations showed a higher rTMS impact for both behavioral and EMG responsiveness. Finally, prosocial behavior was found to be predicted (regression analysis) by EMG variations, as a function of the negative versus positive valence. The prefrontal circuit was suggested to support emotional responsiveness and facial feedback in order to facilitate the prosocial behavior.
One size does not fit all: implications of sports club diversity for their effectiveness as a policy tool and for government support

Through research into English netball clubs, this paper examines the tension between government policy to promote sports participation being directed through sports clubs that use more formal management practices; and the possibility that this will ignore the contribution made by smaller clubs and their distinctive culture. This is illustrated by netball, a sport ranked 13th in popularity by participation in clubs, but with a very low average club size. Analysis supports previous indications that sports clubs can be divided into those that embrace formal management and those that do not. Greater formality is associated with club size, and performance, however in most clubs formal management procedures are minimal. A weak relationship between club success, as reflected in extrinsic performance, and the satisfaction of volunteers, is understood through volunteers being motivated more by intrinsic rewards of membership. An implication is that if government support to sports clubs is directed to those with most formal management practices, it will miss out the smaller clubs, which in some sports account for a large proportion of participation. The counter argument is that the smaller clubs will be least able to use such support, so the present policy is the most effective use of resources.
Myocardial Infarction and Ischemic Stroke after Exacerbations of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease

Rationale: Previous studies have suggested that acute exacerbations of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) may be associated with increased risk of myocardial infarction and ischemic stroke. Objectives: We aimed to quantify the increased risks of myocardial infarction and ischemic stroke risk associated with both moderate and severe acute exacerbation, and to investigate factors that may modify these risks. Methods: We performed a self‐controlled case series to investigate the rates of myocardial infarction and ischemic stroke after acute exacerbation compared with stable time, within individuals. The participants were 5,696 adults with COPD with a first myocardial infarction (n = 2,850) or ischemic stroke (n = 3,010) and at least one acute exacerbation from the UK Clinical Practice Research Datalink with linked Hospital Episodes Statistics data. Results: The risks of both myocardial infarction and ischemic stroke were increased in the 91 days after an acute exacerbation. The risks were greater after a severe exacerbation (incidence rate ratio [IRR], 2.58; 95% confidence interval [CI], 2.26‐2.95 for myocardial infarction; and IRR, 1.97; 95% CI, 1.66‐2.33 for ischemic stroke) than after a moderate exacerbation (IRR, 1.58; 95% CI, 1.46‐1.71 for myocardial infarction; and IRR, 1.45; 95% CI, 1.33‐1.57 for ischemic stroke). The relative risks of myocardial infarction and ischemic stroke associated with acute exacerbation were lower among those with more frequent exacerbations (IRR, 1.42; 95% CI, 1.24‐1.62 vs. IRR, 1.69; 95% CI, 1.50‐1.91 for myocardial infarction; and IRR, 1.30; 95% CI, 1.15‐1.48 vs. IRR, 1.68; 95% CI, 1.50‐1.89 for ischemic stroke). Higher GOLD stage was associated with a lower rate of myocardial infarction (IRR, 1.98; 95% CI, 1.61‐2.05 vs. IRR, 1.69; 95% CI, 1.45‐1.98) but not for ischemic stroke. Aspirin use at baseline was associated with a lower risk of ischemic stroke (IRR, 1.28; 95% CI, 1.10‐1.50 vs. IRR, 1.63; 95% CI, 1.47‐1.80) but not with myocardial infarction. Conclusions: Acute exacerbations of COPD are associated with an increased risk of myocardial infarction and ischemic stroke within 28 days of their onset. Several patient characteristics were identified that are associated with these events.
Switching to second-line antiretroviral therapy in resource-limited settings: comparison of programmes with and without viral load monitoring

Background:In high-income countries, viral load is routinely measured to detect failure of antiretroviral therapy (ART) and guide switching to second-line ART. Viral load monitoring is not generally available in resource-limited settings. We examined switching from nonnucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor (NNRTI)-based first-line regimens to protease inhibitor-based regimens in Africa, South America and Asia. Design and methods:Multicohort study of 17 ART programmes. All sites monitored CD4 cell count and had access to second-line ART and 10 sites monitored viral load. We compared times to switching, CD4 cell counts at switching and obtained adjusted hazard ratios for switching (aHRs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) from random-effects Weibull models. Results:A total of 20 113 patients, including 6369 (31.7%) patients from 10 programmes with access to viral load monitoring, were analysed; 576 patients (2.9%) switched. Low CD4 cell counts at ART initiation were associated with switching in all programmes. Median time to switching was 16.3 months [interquartile range (IQR) 10.1–26.6] in programmes with viral load monitoring and 21.8 months (IQR 14.0–21.8) in programmes without viral load monitoring (P < 0.001). Median CD4 cell counts at switching were 161 cells/μl (IQR 77–265) in programmes with viral load monitoring and 102 cells/μl (44–181) in programmes without viral load monitoring (P < 0.001). Switching was more common in programmes with viral load monitoring during months 7–18 after starting ART (aHR 1.38; 95% CI 0.97–1.98), similar during months 19–30 (aHR 0.97; 95% CI 0.58–1.60) and less common during months 31–42 (aHR 0.29; 95% CI 0.11–0.79). Conclusion:In resource-limited settings, switching to second-line regimens tends to occur earlier and at higher CD4 cell counts in ART programmes with viral load monitoring compared with programmes without viral load monitoring.
The Analgesic Effects of Maternal Milk Odor on Newborns: A Meta-Analysis.

OBJECTIVE The objective of this study was to evaluate the analgesic effects of maternal milk odor on newborns. MATERIALS AND METHODS We searched the literature in PubMed, MEDLINE, CINAHL, EMBASE, Web of Science, and the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL) and collected all the randomized controlled trials (RCTs) investigating the effects of maternal milk odor versus scentless or other odors on procedural pain in newborns. The quality of included studies was assessed by the Cochrane Collaboration Risk of Bias tool. A meta-analysis was undertaken with the Review Manager 5.3 software and Stata version 11.0. Subgroup comparisons were prespecified according to the types of control groups. RESULTS Eight RCTs included a total of 453 participants. The results of meta-analysis showed that compared with the scentless group, the maternal milk odor group had lower pain scores during blood sampling (standardized mean difference, -0.81; 95% confidence interval [95% CI], -1.18 to -0.44; p < 0.001) and shorter crying time afterward (mean difference, -8.10; 95% CI, -15.46 to 0.73; p = 0.03). The maternal milk odor group had lower heart rate variability and oxygen saturation variability during and after a procedure, compared with both the scentless group and the vanilla group. However, no significant difference was identified in the mean heart rate and mean oxygen saturation in terms of the maternal milk odor group compared with amniotic fluid odor or mother's scent. The maternal milk odor group versus the formula milk odor group had shorter crying duration and lower levels of salivary cortisol after sampling. CONCLUSIONS Maternal milk odor appears to play an analgesic role in newborns. However, more high-quality studies are needed to confirm and quantitate the effect.
Inhibition of mushroom tyrosinase by a newly synthesized ligand: inhibition kinetics and computational simulations

Alterations in the synthesis of melanin contribute to a number of diseases; therefore, the design of new tyrosinase inhibitors is very important. Mushroom tyrosinase (MT) is a metalloenzyme, which plays an important role in melanin biosynthesis. In this study, the inhibitory effect of a novel designed compound, i.e. 2-((1Z)-(2-(2,4-dinitrophenyl)hydrazin-1-ylidene)methyl)phenol, as a specific ligand which can bind to the copper ion of MT, has been assessed. The ligand was found to competitively inhibit both the cresolase and catecholase activities of MT, with small inhibition constants of 2.8 and 2.6 μM, respectively. Intrinsic fluorescence studies were performed to gain more information on the binding constants. Docking results indicated that the ligand binds to copper ions in the active site of MT via the OH group of the ligand. The ligand makes four hydrogen bonds with aspartic acid and one hydrogen bond with the histidine residue in the active site. Molecular dynamics results show that ligand binds to the MT via both electrostatic and hydrophobic interactions with its different parts.