Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Planar inductor with ferrite layers for DC-DC converter

We fabricated planar inductors with ferrite layers by a screen printing, photolithography, and electroplating process. The screen printing method made it possible to obtain a coil spacing filled with ferrite. In this structure, the perpendicular leakage magnetic flux preferentially passes through the coil spacing and bypasses the copper conductor line, a path that is expected to reduce eddy current loss. Trial samples of a planar inductor with ferrite layers achieved a high-quality Q factor of 40-70 at 5 MHz. Magnetic field analysis revealed that the eddy current loss of the conductor line was only 2.4% of total loss.
Evolutionary Patterns of the Chloroplast Genome in Vanilloid Orchids (Vanilloideae, Orchidaceae)

The Vanilloideae (vanilloids) is one of five subfamilies of Orchidaceae and is composed of fourteen genera and approximately 245 species. In this study, the six new chloroplast genomes (plastomes) of vanilloids (two Lecanorchis, two Pogonia, and two Vanilla species) were decoded, and then the evolutionary patterns of plastomes were compared to all available vanilloid plastomes. Pogonia japonica has the longest plastome, with 158,200 bp in genome size. In contrast, Lecanorchis japonica has the shortest plastome with 70,498 bp in genome size. The vanilloid plastomes have regular quadripartite structures, but the small single copy (SSC) region was drastically reduced. Two different tribes of Vanilloideae (Pogonieae and Vanilleae) showed different levels of SSC reductions. In addition, various gene losses were observed among the vanilloid plastomes. The photosynthetic vanilloids (Pogonia and Vanilla) showed signs of stage 1 degradation and had lost most of their ndh genes. The other three species (one Cyrotsia and two Lecanorchis), however, had stage 3 or stage 4 degradation and had lost almost all the genes in their plastomes, except for some housekeeping genes. The Vanilloideae were located between the Apostasioideae and Cypripedioideae in the maximum likelihood tree. A total of ten rearrangements were found among ten Vanilloideae plastomes when compared to the basal Apostasioideae plastomes. The four sub-regions of the single copy (SC) region shifted into an inverted repeat (IR) region, and the other four sub-regions of the IR region shifted into the SC regions. Both the synonymous (dS) and nonsynonymous (dN) substitution rates of IR in-cooperated SC sub-regions were decelerated, while the substitution rates of SC in-cooperated IR sub-regions were accelerated. A total of 20 protein-coding genes remained in mycoheterotrophic vanilloids. Almost all these protein genes show accelerated base substitution rates compared to the photosynthetic vanilloids. Two of the twenty genes in the mycoheterotrophic species faced strong “relaxed selection” pressure (p-value < 0.05).
Characterization of patients with IgA nephropathy with and without associated minimal change disease

Introduction Immunoglobulin A nephropathy (IgAN) presents various clinical manifestations and pathological phenotypes. Approximately 5% of patients with IgAN present with early onset nephrotic syndrome, mild mesangial lesions, and diffuse foot process effacement of podocytes, which resemble minimal change disease (MCD). These patients are defined as MCD-IgAN. Whether MCD-IgAN is a special type of IgAN or simply MCD accompanied by IgA deposition remains controversial. Methods A total of 51 patients diagnosed with MCD-IgAN at Beijing Anzhen Hospital from January 2010 to September 2022 were recruited. The clinical and pathological characteristics of IgA-MCD were analyzed. Patients with IgAN but without MCD (non-MCD-IgAN) and healthy participants were enrolled as controls. Galactose-deficient immunoglobulin A1 (Gd-IgA1) and complement C3 were detected both in the circulation and in renal tissues. Results We found that the levels of serum Gd-IgA1 were lower in participants with MCD-IgAN than in those with non-MCD-IgAN, but higher than in healthy participants. Gd-IgA1 was rarely deposited in the glomeruli of participants with MCD-IgAN, with a positive rate of only 13.7% (7/51); in contrast, the positive rate in participants with non-MCD-IgAN was 82.4% (42/51). Among renal Gd-IgA1-positive patients, Gd-IgA1 and immunoglobulin A (IgA) colocalized along the glomerular mesangial and capillary areas. Interestingly, we found that the circulating levels of complement C3 were significantly higher in participants with MCD-IgAN than in participants with non-MCD-IgAN. In addition, the intensity of C3c in glomeruli in participants with MCD-IgAN was significantly weaker than in participants with non-MCD-IgAN. Conclusions Our study suggests that, in MCD-IgAN, most of the IgA that is deposited on glomeruli is not the same pathogenic Gd-IgA1 as found in general IgAN. Complement activation both in the circulation and in the renal locality was much weaker in MCD-IgAN than in non-MCD-IgAN. Our study suggests that IgAN with MCD might be MCD with coincidental IgA deposition.
Adaptive Beam Former Algorithms for Smart Antennas

Adaptation algorithms that adjust the adaptive filters coefficients in order to minimized the associated error norm. In this paper we have discussed the two main adaptation algorithms least mean square (LMS) and recursive least square (RLS) algorithms. These two common algorithms that have found widespread application are least squares . LMS algorithm is a linear adaptive filtering algorithm which involves the automatic adjustment of the Parameter of the filter in accordance with estimation error. RLS algorithm is used in adaptive filters to find the filter coefficients that relate to recursively producing the least squares of the error signal and estimate the desired output results . These algorithms to reduce the mean square between the input signal and reference signal . we have also discussed formulation of the LMS algorithm, convergence and stability of the LMS algorithm and RLS algorithm. ii i x t s t a u t a n t      
Evolutionary Analysis of Respiratory Burst Oxidase Homolog (RBOH) Genes in Plants and Characterization of ZmRBOHs

The respiratory burst oxidase homolog (RBOH), as the key producer of reactive oxygen species (ROS), plays an essential role in plant development. In this study, a bioinformatic analysis was performed on 22 plant species, and 181 RBOH homologues were identified. A typical RBOH family was identified only in terrestrial plants, and the number of RBOHs increased from non-angiosperms to angiosperms. Whole genome duplication (WGD)/segmental duplication played a key role in RBOH gene family expansion. Amino acid numbers of 181 RBOHs ranged from 98 to 1461, and the encoded proteins had molecular weights from 11.1 to 163.6 kDa, respectively. All plant RBOHs contained a conserved NADPH_Ox domain, while some of them lacked the FAD_binding_8 domain. Plant RBOHs were classified into five main subgroups by phylogenetic analysis. Most RBOH members in the same subgroup showed conservation in both motif distribution and gene structure composition. Fifteen ZmRBOHs were identified in maize genome and were positioned in eight maize chromosomes. A total of three pairs of orthologous genes were found in maize, including ZmRBOH6/ZmRBOH8, ZmRBOH4/ZmRBOH10 and ZmRBOH15/ZmRBOH2. A Ka/Ks calculation confirmed that purifying selection was the main driving force in their evolution. ZmRBOHs had typical conserved domains and similar protein structures. cis-element analyses together with the expression profiles of the ZmRBOH genes in various tissues and stages of development suggested that ZmRBOH was involved in distinct biological processes and stress responses. Based on the RNA-Seq data and qRT-PCR analysis, the transcriptional response of ZmRBOH genes was examined under various abiotic stresses, and most of ZmRBOH genes were up-regulated by cold stress. These findings provide valuable information for further revealing the biological roles of ZmRBOH genes in plant development and abiotic stress responses.
Active unbalance control in an asymmetrical rotor system using a suspension with linear actuators

This work deals with the problem of the active unbalance control in an asymmetrical rotor-bearing system with two disks supported by an active suspension based on two lateral linear actuators. For the analysis and control synthesis a mathematical model is developed using Finite Element Methods (FEM). A linear quadratic regulator (LQR) is applied in order to minimize the displacements of the two disks by means of the application of an active bearing with control forces provided by an arrangement of two linear actuators. The control scheme is designed to attenuate the overall system response in the natural frequencies (resonances), taking into account the unbalance response associated to both disks and shaft and, hence, controlling the system performance during the first modes. To do this, a Luenberger type observer is used to estimate those not measurable states from the displacements in only one shaft point and, therefore, making possible the synthesis of an optimal LQR control based on the estimated state feedback. The control forces obtained from LQR control are introduced to the mathematical model of actuators and taking into account their dynamics, we get the voltage inputs necessary to provide the unbalance compensation forces. The proposed control scheme is proved by numerical results and then, validated experimentally on a test rig which was designed and constructed. Numerical and experimental results show significant reductions in the unbalance response of the overall system.
Nonlinear MPC of kites under varying wind conditions for a new class of large‐scale wind power generators

In this paper we investigate nonlinear model predictive control (NMPC) for control of power generating kites under changing wind conditions. We derive a realistic nonlinear model for a kite and compute energy optimal loops for different wind speeds. We formulate the optimal control problem used by NMPC with an adaptive periodic reference orbit. Under changing wind conditions we use the corresponding energy optimal orbit as reference. To assure that the references do not unnecessarily depend on the wind conditions, we added extra constraints. We solve this NMPC problem numerically with the real‐time iteration scheme using direct multiple shooting. Finally, we present numerical simulations which show how this approach can handle even large disturbances of the wind direction and speed with negligible energy losses. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Can vertical environmental regulation become a sharp weapon in China's green development process? The moderating role of pollution dividend

Optimizing the vertical environmental regulation (VER) effect of the central government and reducing the negative execution motivation of local governments have become the priority points to accelerate the green development of China. Based on the spatial Durbin model, this paper not only examines the influence of VER on green development efficiency (GDE), but also discusses the moderating effect of politically and economically motivated pollution dividend (PPD and EPD) on the relationship between them. The research results are as follows: (1) VER has a U-shaped effect on local GDE, the green governance effect of which began to appear when VER was higher than 1.561. VER has an inverted N-shaped effect on adjacent GDE. When the VER intensity lies in (0.138, 3.012), it has a positive spatial spillover effect. (2) PPD weakens the local green governance effect of VER, while EPD positively moderates it. Both of them have no significant moderating effect on it in neighboring areas. (3) Cross-regional cooperative governance moderates the short-term weakness and pollution transfer of VER, and generally facilitates the positive moderating effect of PPD and EPD. In China's two major economic belts, VER, PPD and EPD also have different performances. This study proves the important influence of local inter-governmental competition and promotion tournament on the central environmental regulation for the first time, which is of great significance for optimizing the top-level design of the central government and implementing the governance responsibility of local governments.
Particle size measurements on turbid latex systems using heterodyne intensity autocorrelation spectroscopy

A heterodyne scattering instrument using a novel, thick walled, thin pathlength cell is described. By circumventing multiple scattering problems the instrument enables measurements of particle size in the submicron region at concentrations 103 times higher than previously obtainable. Representative measurements are given for a polystyrene latex dispersion. The experimental technique is expected to be helpful for materials which do not retain their integrity upon dilution and to provide a tool for studying the validity of theoretical expressions for free and bounded diffusional motion.
Management and sustenance of digital transformations in the Irish microbusiness sector: examining the key role of microbusiness owner-manager

ABSTRACT Despite the economic and societal significance of microbusinesses (MBs), digital transformation (DT) efforts in the MB sector have been rather sporadic. Further, prior DT studies have primarily examined large- and mid-sized organisations, leaving a perceptible void in the literature. In this paper, we leverage the unique context of MBs and recognise the key role of microbusiness owner-managers (MBOMs) for the management and sustenance of DT initiatives. Specifically, we theorise the influence of MBOMs’ DT readiness in terms of their growth and technology mindsets contributing to their DT learning resources and processes. Drawing on qualitative data from a series of structured interviews and focus groups with MBOMs and other key stakeholders in the Irish MB digital ecosystem, we identity three MBOM digital transformer archetypes comprising unique configurations of MBOMs’ growth and technology mindsets, namely: champion digital transformers, emerging digital transformers, and aspiring digital transformers. For each of these archetypes, we explore the different learning capabilities and mechanisms through which MBOMs manage and sustain their digital transformation efforts. Our findings offer theoretical contributions to the fields of digital transformation in microbusinesses, digital leadership, and digital capabilities. Our study also has significant implications for policy and practice.
Physiological Variables that Contribute to Aerobic Fitness in Boys during Early Adolescence in the Context of Basketball Training and the Maturity Level

The aim of this study was to assess physiological variables that contribute to aerobic fitness in respect to basketball training and the maturity level in adolescent boys. Our subjects were 28 basketball-trained and 22 control-group boys (average age: 11.83 ± 0.43 years). An incremental treadmill running test to exhaustion was performed twice with a 1-year interval between the sessions to determine the following peak aerobic fitness variables: oxygen uptake, stroke volume, cardiac output, minute ventilation, and others. Maturity offset was used to evaluate the maturity level. The basketball-trained group exhibited a higher peak ratio-scaled oxygen uptake (1st session: 50.55 ± 6.21 and 46.57 ± 5.68 ml/kg/min in basketball and control-group boys, respectively, p = 0.024; 2nd session: 54.50 ± 6.50 and 45.33 ± 5.99 ml/kg/min, respectively, p < 0.001) during both testing sessions. During the 2nd session, the basketball-trained group also showed a significantly higher peak arteriovenous oxygen difference (basketball-trained boys: 14.02 ± 2.17 ml/100 ml; control-group boys: 12.52 ± 2.49 ml/100 ml; p = 0.027) and peak minute ventilation (basketball-trained boys: 96.08 ± 21.71 l/min; control-group boys: 83.14 ± 17.85 l/min; p = 0.028). The maturity level among the basketball-trained boys was correlated with peak variables: oxygen uptake, stroke volume, cardiac output, and minute ventilation, but not with the ratio-scaled oxygen uptake. In conclusion, basketball training at a young age among boys improved aerobic fitness compared with sedentary boys. More mature basketball players were not superior to their less mature peers regarding aerobic fitness after adjusting for body dimensions.
Contextualizing resilience to critical infrastructure maintenance supply networks

Purpose To be able to continuously provide affordable services to consumers, managers of critical infrastructure (CI) maintenance supply networks have to balance investments in resilience with costs. At the same time, CI providers need to consider factors that influence resilience such as the geographical spread or the location of the network. This study aims to contextualize supply chain resilience knowledge by exploring how maintenance resource configurations impact resilience and costs in CI supply networks. Design/methodology/approach An in-depth longitudinal single case study of a representative CI provider that has centralized its maintenance supply network is used. Data were collected before and after the change to evaluate the effect of the changes on the maintenance supply network. Findings This study shows that in this specific CI maintenance context, structural resource choices such as the quantity or location of spare parts and tools, the creation and exploitation of tacit knowledge and staff motivation impact both resilience and costs due to geographical spread, network location and other network properties. Originality/value This study extends general supply chain resilience knowledge to a new setting (i.e. CI) and shows how existing insights apply in this context. More specifically, it is shown that even in engineered supply networks there is a need to consider the effect of human agency on resilience as the creation and exploitation of tacit knowledge are of immense importance in managing the network. In addition, the relationship between normal accidents theory and high reliability theory (HRT) is revisited as findings indicate that HRT is also important after a disruption has taken place.
Altitude profile of atmospheric radiation in the Arctic region obtained during a scientific balloon flight with MDU-1 Liulin

Measurements of the natural radiation background, specifically in the upper troposphere and low stratosphere, are important in order to compare and eventually inter-calibrate different experimental set-ups, as well as to provide a reliable basis for improving the existing models related to the environmental radiation in the Earth’s atmosphere. Here, we report results from a new zero-pressure stratospheric balloon flight in the frame of the HEMERA-2 mission, obtained by measurements performed with a small portable device, (MDU)-1 Liulin. We derived the altitude profile of the atmospheric radiation in the Arctic region, namely in between Esrange Kiruna, Sweden and Rovaniemi, Finland. The preliminary analysis shows a good agreement between the measurements and Oulu models for atmospheric ionization and exposure to radiation.
Numerical simulation of three‐dimensional gas‐solid particle flow in a horizontal pipe

A three-dimensional model of particulate flows using the Reynolds Averaged NavierStokes method is presented. The governing equations of the gas–solids flow are supplemented with appropriate closure equations to take into account all the relevant forces exerted on the solid particles, such as particle-turbulence interactions, turbulence modulation, particle–particle interactions, particle–wall interactions, as well as gravitational, viscous drag, and lift forces. A finite volume numerical technique was implemented for the numerical solution of the problem. The method has been validated by comparing its results with the limited number of available experimental data for the velocity and turbulence intensity of the gas–particle flow. The results show that the presence of particles in the flow has a significant effect on all the flow variables. Most notably, the distribution of all the parameters becomes asymmetric, because of the gravitational effect on the particles and particle sedimentation. V C 2011 American Institute of Chemical Engineers AIChE J, 57: 2977–2988, 2011
Orthogonal control of femtosecond mode-locked laser having zero carrier-offset frequency with three-axis PZT

The authors demonstrate an optical frequency synthesizer based on a femtosecond (fs) mode-locked Ti:sapphire (Ti:s) laser by simultaneously stabilizing the carrier-offset frequency f/sub ceo/ and repetition rate f/sub rep/, referenced to the Cs atomic frequency standard. By using two wide-band digital phase-detectors they realize a phase-coherent link between f/sub rep/ and f/sub ceo/ with the relation f/sub ceo/=f/sub AOM/-5/6f/sub rep//spl equiv/0, where f/sub AOM/=5/6f/sub rep/ is the phase-locked driving frequency of an acousto-optic modulator in a self-referencing interferometer and f/sub rep/=100 MHz. For the simultaneous control of f/sub rep/ and f/sub ceo/, an orthogonalization scheme using a three-axis piezoelectric transducer is introduced by which the end mirror of fs laser is controlled. As a result, the authors could stabilize all components of the fs laser comb at once with an equal frequency separation f/sub rep/=100 MHz with f/sub ceo/=0. In their optical frequency synthesizer, the frequency of the nth component (f/sub n/) is given exactly by the simple relation f/sub n/=nf/sub rep/, enabling them to use the fs laser comb as a frequency ruler in the optical frequency metrology.
A fully discrete stabilized finite-element method for the time-dependent Navier-Stokes problem

A fully discrete stabilized finite-element method is presented for the two-dimensional time-dependent Navier-Stokes problem. The spatial discretization is based on a finite-element space pair (X h , M h ) for the approximation of the velocity and the pressure, constructed by using the Q 1 - P 0 quadrilateral element or the P 1 - P 0 triangular element; the time discretization is based on the Euler semi-implicit scheme. It is shown that the proposed fully discrete stabilized finite-element method results in the optimal order error bounds for the velocity and the pressure.
DEVELOPING p-VALUES: A BAYESIAN-FREQUENTIST CONVERGENCE

Various p -values for a composite null hypothesis have had extensive attention in the Bayesian literature, with some preference shown for two versions designated pppost and pcpred ; and it has been indicated that certain candidate p -values can be upgraded to the preceding prefered p -values by the parametric bootstrap. Also recent likelihood theory gives a factorization of a statistical model into a marginal density for a full dimensional ancillary and a conditional density for the maximum likelihood variable. For any given initial or trial statistic that provides a location for a data point we develop: a special version of the Bayesian pcpred , an ancillary based p -value designated panc , and a bootstrap based p -value designated pbs . Then we show under moderate regularity that these are equivalent to the third order and have uniqueness as a determination of the statistical location of the data point, as of course derived from the initial location measure; we also show that