Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
An Algorithm for Solving Stochastic Chance-Constrained Programming Problem

Stochastic chance-constrained programming which is one of important stochastic programming widely exits in different fields. For searching an algorithm that can more effectively solve this problem,a new algorithm for its combined stochastic particle swarm optimization with stochastic simulation for approximation of the fitness function and checking feasibility of solution is presented. It overcomes the defaults such as needing a long time, complex calculation,resapsing into local optimum in the hybrid intelligence algorithm based on GA. After testing its performance and comparing with GA, the results show that the algorithm is more preferable.
Configuration Design and Dynamic Characteristics Analysis for Space Membrane Mechanism Based on Deployable Booms

To meet the requirements of deployable structures in aerospace engineering with light weight and high stiffness, this paper proposes the triangular space membrane deployable mechanism based on deployable booms, then conducts dynamic analysis and multiobjective optimization. The configuration design and mass calculation for the membrane mechanism are carried out, including its unfolding support mechanism and tensioned membrane scheme. With a view to performing the dynamic characteristics analysis and parametric studies, the finite element simulation model of the membrane mechanism, including boom, cable and membrane, is built and validated against test results obtained by Polytec. On the basis of the simulation results, a surrogate model of fundamental frequency is established by adopting the response surface method and applied to multiobjective optimization combined with the mass formula. Then, the optimal dynamic and lightweight design parameters are solved via the genetic algorithm. The results provide an indication to aid with the design and analysis of space membrane deployable mechanisms according to the required properties and space mission requirements.
A study of ten quasars with redshifts greater than four

Four quasars with redshifts greater than four were detected in a low-resolution CCD grism survey. CCD photometry and high S/N, moderate resolution spectra are presented for these quasars and the six other known quasars with redshifts above 4. The M sub B values of nine of the objects are between -27.5 and -25, with the tenth quasar having an M sub B value of -29. The emission lines and shapes of the continua of these ten quasars are similar to those of lower-redshift quasars. The results suggest that the C IV emission lines in high-redshift quasars may be weaker than those in lower-redshift quasars. The continua of all of the high-redshift quasars display strong depressions blueward of the Ly-alpha emission line. 31 refs.
Rubidium-stabilized diode laser for high-precision interferometer

An Rb-stabilized diode laser has been developed for use in a high-precision interferometer. The light source is a commercially available external-cavity tunable diode laser. The laser frequency is stabilized to a Doppler-free absorption line of Rb by the third-harmonic technique. The laser emits an output beam with a high power (more than 7 mW) and fast frequency modulation (10 kHz). The relative optical frequency uncertainty of 4.3×10 –10 is achieved for a 0.01-s averaging time.
Single-Siet Spin Fluctuation Theory of Itinerant-Electron Systems with Narrow Bands

The spin fluctuation theory of itinerant-electron magnetism is developed by using the static functional integral method combined with the single-site alloy analogy approximation. The theory is shown to provide an interpolating description of itinerant electron magnetism yielding good results in some important limits; in the weak interaction limit or T =0 K it reduces to the Hartree-Fock theory, and in the strong coupling limit for the half-filled band it reproduces the results of the molecular-field theory. With the use of the half-filled Bell shape band the temperature dependences of the average moment, the local moment, the susceptibility and the specific heat are calculated numerically for various values of the electron-electron interaction.
Maximal mixing rate in turbulent stably stratified Couette flow

A rigorous upper bound on the long-time-averaged vertical buoyancy flux is derived from the Navier–Stokes equations for a Boussinesq fluid confined between two parallel horizontal plates a distance d apart, maintained at a constant statically stabilizing temperature difference ΔT and driven at a constant relative velocity ΔU. The upper bound on the volume and long-time-averaged vertical buoyancy flux B≔limt→∞1/t∫0t 〈ρu3〉g/ρ0 dt is B⩽Bmax=(1−16√/Re)(ΔU)3/(64√d), where Re=ΔUd/ν and ρ0 is some reference density. Significantly, Bmax is independent of the bulk Richardson number of the flow and is achieved by an optimal solution with a mixing efficiency (or flux Richardson number) which approaches 0.5 as the Reynolds number becomes large. The time-averaged turbulent dissipation of kinetic energy and the time-averaged vertical buoyancy flux are then in equipartition for the optimizing flow.
Efficient Quantile Regression Analysis With Missing Observations

This article examines the problem of estimation in a quantile regression model when observations are missing at random under independent and nonidentically distributed errors. We consider three approaches of handling this problem based on nonparametric inverse probability weighting, estimating equations projection, and a combination of both. An important distinguishing feature of our methods is their ability to handle missing response and/or partially missing covariates, whereas existing techniques can handle only one or the other, but not both. We prove that our methods yield asymptotically equivalent estimators that achieve the desirable asymptotic properties of unbiasedness, normality, and -consistency. Because we do not assume that the errors are identically distributed, our theoretical results are valid under heteroscedasticity, a particularly strong feature of our methods. Under the special case of identical error distributions, all of our proposed estimators achieve the semiparametric efficiency bound. To facilitate the practical implementation of these methods, we develop an iterative method based on the majorize/minimize algorithm for computing the quantile regression estimates, and a bootstrap method for computing their variances. Our simulation findings suggest that all three methods have good finite sample properties. We further illustrate these methods by a real data example. Supplementary materials for this article are available online.
A NUMERICAL MODEL FOR PHASE-CHANGE SUSPENSION FLOW IN MICROCHANNELS

A model is developed for simulation of the laminar hydrodynamic and heat transfer characteristics of suspension flow with micro-nano-size phase-change material (PCM) particles in a microchannel ( D / d p = 12.2–500). The demonstrated simultaneous solutions for the two-phase conservation equations of mass, momentum, and energy allow the investigation of heat transfer enhancement mechanisms and their limits, due to nonthermal equilibrium melting of PCM suspension particles in a flow, such as the existence of a particle-depleted layer, particle–wall interaction, phase-change (melting) region propagation, and local heat transfer coefficients for both constant wall heat flux and constant wall temperature boundary conditions.
Life without a Sporophyte: The Origin and Genomic Consequences of Asexual Reproduction in a Gametophyte-Only Fern

Premise of research. The vast majority of eukaryotes reproduce by sexual reproduction, which is accompanied by meiotic recombination. Asexual reproduction, including the loss of meiosis, has been well characterized in several animal lineages but is vastly understudied in plants and particularly in the gametophyte life stage. Here, we explore the genomic consequences of strict clonal reproduction in the gametophyte-only fern Vittaria appalachiana. Methodology. Using publicly available transcriptome assemblies, we assessed how asexual reproduction can alter genomic features by comparing the transcriptomes of the asexually reproducing V. appalachiana (Pteridaceae) with sexually reproducing species in the same family, including congener Vittaria lineata. We explored several hypotheses relating asexual reproduction to the efficacy of purifying selection, transposable element load, GC-biased gene conversion, and the role of whole-genome duplications (WGDs). Pivotal results. We found putative support for predicted genomic consequences of asexual reproduction, including decreased efficacy of purifying selection (particularly in genes related to the cell cycle), altered transposable element load, and decreased GC content in V. appalachiana. We identified two putative WGDs, shared by Pteridaceae and the most recent common ancestor of the Vittaria genus, which may have contributed to V. appalachiana’s persistence over evolutionary time without sexual reproduction. Conclusions. Vittaria appalachiana is a gametophyte-only fern that is well suited to address fundamental questions regarding the long-term genomic effects of asexual reproduction in ferns, where this phenomenon has had little scientific attention in plants. This initial exploration into the genomic consequences of asexual reproduction is one of the first in ferns and highlights several avenues for future research.
Posterior Probability of Discovery and Expected Rate of Discovery for Multiple Hypothesis Testing and High Throughput Assays

Technologies of measuring millions of quantities at once have been rapidly developed and used in biological and biomedical research and other fields in the past decade. Yet a key issue remains unsettled, namely, how to control spurious findings for the ensuing massive number of hypothesis tests. An emerging consensus is to control false discovery rate (FDR), with FDR defined as the expected proportion of true nulls among discoveries, and a discovery the rejection of a null hypothesis. However, the very concept of counting true nulls, implicitly or explicitly, is problematic, for nulls are rarely true in reality. We propose an approach that is philosophically different from the FDR and other approaches. Taking advantage of the massive measurements, we can and should directly evaluate the reproducibility of a discovery by calculating the posterior probability of discovery (PPD) given observed data. A discovery with a great PPD is deemed to be highly reproducible, that is, not spurious. For a subset of hypotheses tested, mean PPD yields the expected rate of discovery (ERD), a measure useful for various applications such as subset enrichment analysis. We present here the rationale, theoretical basis, and an algorithm for computing PPDs and ERDs from data. Their validity, utility, and optimal performance are demonstrated using both simulated and real data. Supplementary material is available online.
Complex 3‐D Surface Deformation in the 1971 San Fernando, California Earthquake Reveals Static and Dynamic Controls on Off‐Fault Deformation

The shallow 1971 MW 6.6 San Fernando, California earthquake involved a complex rupture process on an immature thrust fault with a non‐planar geometry, and is notable for having a higher component of left‐lateral surface slip than expected from seismic source models. We extract its 3‐D coseismic surface displacement field from aerial stereo photographs and document the amount and width of the vertical and fault trace‐parallel components of distributed deformation along strike. The results confirm the significant left‐lateral surface offsets, suggesting a slip vector rotation at shallow depths. Comparing our offsets against field measurements of fault slip, we observe that most of the offset was accommodated in the damage zone, with off‐fault deformation averaging 69% in both the fault trace‐parallel and vertical components. However, the magnitude and width of off‐fault deformation behave differently between the vertical and fault trace‐parallel components, which, along with the rotation in rake near the surface, can be explained by dynamic rupture effects.
Normal Bases over Finite Fields

Interest in normal bases over finite fields stems both from mathematical theory and practical applications. There has been a lot of literature dealing with various properties of normal bases (for finite fields and for Galois extension of arbitrary fields). The advantage of using normal bases to represent finite fields was noted by Hensel in 1888. With the introduction of optimal normal bases, large finite fields, that can be used in secure and efficient implementation of several cryptosystems, have recently been realized in hardware. The present thesis studies various theoretical and practical aspects of normal bases in finite fields. We first give some characterizations of normal bases. Then by using linear algebra, we prove that Fqn has a basis over Fq such that any element in Fq represented in this basis generates a normal basis if and only if some groups of coordinates are not simultaneously zero. We show how to construct an irreducible polynomial of degree 2 with linearly independent roots over Fq for any integer n and prime power q. We also construct explicitly an irreducible polynomial in Fp[x] of degree p with linearly independent roots for any prime p and positive integer n. We give a new characterization of the minimal polynomial of α for any integer t when the minimal polynomial of α is given. When q ≡ 3 mod 4, we present an explicit complete factorization of x2n − 1 over Fq for any integer n. The principal result in the thesis is the complete determination of all optimal normal bases in finite fields, which confirms a conjecture by Mullin, Onyszchuk, Vanstone and Wilson. Finally, we present some explicit constructions of normal bases with low complexity and some explicit constructions of self-dual normal bases.
On the Mechanism of Membrane Permeabilization by Tamoxifen and 4-Hydroxytamoxifen

Tamoxifen (TMX), commonly used in complementary therapy for breast cancer, also displays known effects on the structure and function of biological membranes. This work presents an experimental and simulation study on the permeabilization of model phospholipid membranes by TMX and its derivative 4-hydroxytamoxifen (HTMX). TMX induces rapid and extensive vesicle contents leakage in phosphatidylcholine (PC) liposomes, with the effect of HTMX being much weaker. Fitting of the leakage curves for TMX, yields two rate constants, corresponding to a fast and a slow process, whereas in the case of HTMX, only the slow process takes place. Interestingly, incorporation of phosphatidylglycerol (PG) or phosphatidylethanolamine (PE) protects PC membranes from TMXinduced permeabilization. Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) shows that, in the presence of TMX there is a shift in the νCH2 band frequency, corresponding to an increase in gauche conformers, and a shift in the νC=O band frequency, indicating a dehydration of the polar region. A preferential association of TMX with PC, in mixed PC/PE systems, is observed by differential scanning calorimetry. Molecular dynamics (MD) simulations support the experimental results, and provide feasible explanations to the protecting effect of PG and PE. These findings add new information to explain the various mechanisms of the anticancer actions of TMX, not related to the estrogen receptor, and potential side effects of this drug.
Deblurring in digital tomosynthesis by iterative self-layer subtraction

Recent developments in large-area flat-panel detectors have made tomosynthesis technology revisited in multiplanar xray imaging. However, the typical shift-and-add (SAA) or backprojection reconstruction method is notably claimed by a lack of sharpness in the reconstructed images because of blur artifact which is the superposition of objects which are out of planes. In this study, we have devised an intuitive simple method to reduce the blur artifact based on an iterative approach. This method repeats a forward and backward projection procedure to determine the blur artifact affecting on the plane-of-interest (POI), and then subtracts it from the POI. The proposed method does not include any Fourierdomain operations hence excluding the Fourier-domain-originated artifacts. We describe the concept of the self-layer subtractive tomosynthesis and demonstrate its performance with numerical simulation and experiments. Comparative analysis with the conventional methods, such as the SAA and filtered backprojection methods, is addressed.
In vitro studies of the efficiency of two-photon activation of photodynamic therapy agents

Age related macular degeneration (AMD) is a major cause of severe vision loss in the older population, due to ingrowth of new leaky blood vessels (neovasculature) from the choriocapillaris, which results in destruction of photoreceptors in the fovea and loss of central vision. "Standard" one-photon (1-γ) photodynamic therapy (PDT) using Visudyne(R) is an approved method of AMD treatment but has the potential to damage healthy tissues lying above and below the neovasculature due to photosensitizer accumulation and its wide-beam 1-γ excitation. Highly-targeted two-photon (2-γ) excitation may avoid this, since, due to its non-linear intensity dependence, the probability of 2-γ excitation is greatest in the focal plane, which intrinsically avoids out-of-focus damage to healthy tissues. The aim of the present study is to evaluate the 2-γ efficiency of Visudyne and to compare it to the archetypal photosensitizer Photofrin(R). Since neovascular endothelium is targeted in AMD, an endothelial cell line (YPEN-1) was selected as the in vitro model. 2-γ PDT was delivered using tightly focused ~300 fs laser pulses from a Ti:sapphire laser operating at 850 nm with 90 MHz pulse repetition rate. An assay was developed for quantification of the cellular damage using the permeability stain Hoechst 33258 and the viability stain SYTOX. Visudyne (LD50= dose to kill 50% of cells: 500 J/cm2, 10 M, 7.2 μg/ml) was about an order of magnitude more effective than Photofrin (LD50 : 7500 J/cm2, ~42 μM, 25 μg/ml). We also demonstrate for the first time the quadratic dependence of the cellular response to 2-γ PDT. This in vitro work will lead to the design of optimized in vivo studies in animal models of AMD.
Identification of Kinase Targets for Enhancing the Antitumor Activity of Eribulin in Triple-Negative Breast Cell Lines

Background: Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) is the most aggressive molecular subtype of breast cancer, and current treatments are only partially effective in disease control. More effective combination approaches are needed to improve the survival of TNBC patients. Eribulin mesylate, a non-taxane microtubule dynamics inhibitor, is approved by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration to treat metastatic breast cancer after at least two previous chemotherapeutic regimens. However, eribulin as a single agent has limited therapeutic efficacy against TNBC. Methods: High-throughput kinome library RNAi screening, Ingenuity Pathway Analysis, and STRING analysis were performed to identify target kinases for combination with eribulin. The identified combinations were validated using in vivo and ex vivo proliferation assays. Results: We identified 135 potential kinase targets whose inhibition enhanced the antiproliferation effect of eribulin in TNBC cells, with the PI3K/Akt/mTOR and the MAPK/JNK pathways emerging as the top candidates. Indeed, copanlisib (pan-class I PI3K inhibitor), everolimus (mTOR inhibitor), trametinib (MEK inhibitor), and JNK-IN-8 (pan-JNK inhibitor) produced strong synergistic antiproliferative effects when combined with eribulin, and the PI3K and mTOR inhibitors had the most potent effects in vitro. Conclusions: Our data suggest a new strategy of combining eribulin with PI3K or mTOR inhibitors to treat TNBC.
Comparative Analysis of Network Quality Using QOS Parameters on Mikrotik Routers Using the Queue Tree and Simple Queue Methods

The research was conducted by researchers at Trienggadeng State Vocational School located on Jl Banda Aceh-Medan KM 152, Kec. Trienggadeng Regency. Pidie Jaya. This research is based on the importance of the network in the ongoing teaching and learning process in the network and computer labs, the network in the lab is currently not managed properly and the distribution of bandwidth is not evenly distributed. To get a good internet connection, it is necessary to distribute bandwidth evenly, which can be done using a proxy router. One of the features for distributing bandwidth evenly in the proxy router can be applied using the simple queue and queue tree methods, knowing network quality can be done using Quality of Service (QoS) measurements. This study aims to determine the analysis of network quality using Qos on proxy routers using the simple queue and queue tree methods. The method used in this study is to use the action research method (action research), the stages of the research are analyzing, data collection, data completeness, making network designs, and taking action. The results obtained for network analysis in a comparative study between simple queue and queue tree networks, the results for the delay obtained by the queue tree are 9 ms, packet loss = 0%, and throughput = 549 k. Whereas the simple queue obtains the value from the QoS measurement by performing calculations with the equation formula to obtain a value of delay = 8 ms, packet loss = 0.15% and throughput = 629 k. Based on the Tiphon standard, it can be concluded that for delay, a queue tree is better with a value above the simple queue with a very good index, the packet loss queue tree is better than the simple queue, the index is very good, the throughput of the simple queue is better compared to the throughput queue tree. This research shows that overall Queue Tree is more optimal for QoS.