Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Prevalence and Determinants of Diabetic Nephropathy in Korea: Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey

Background Diabetic nephropathy is a leading cause of end stage renal disease and is associated with an increased risk of cardiovascular mortality. It manifests as albuminuria or impaired glomerular filtration rate (GFR), and the prevalence of diabetic nephropathy varies with ethnicity. The prevalence of diabetic nephropathy and its determinants in Korean adults have not previously been studied at the national level. This cross-sectional study was undertaken to ascertain the prevalence and determinants of albuminuria and chronic kidney disease (CKD) in Korean patients with diabetes. Methods The Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (KNHANES) V, conducted in 2011, was used to define albuminuria (n=4,652), and the dataset of KNHANES IV-V (2008-2011) was used to define CKD (n=21,521). Selected samples were weighted to represent the entire civilian population in Korea. Albuminuria was defined as a spot urine albumin/creatinine ratio >30 mg/g. CKD was defined as a GFR <60 mL/min/1.73 m2. Results Among subjects with diabetes, 26.7% had albuminuria, and 8.6% had CKD. Diabetes was associated with an approximate 2.5-fold increased risk of albuminuria, with virtually no difference between new-onset and previously diagnosed diabetes. Only systolic blood pressure was significantly associated with albuminuria, and old age, high serum triglyceride levels, and previous cardiovascular disease (CVD) were related with CKD in subjects with diabetes. Conclusion Korean subjects with diabetes had a higher prevalence of albuminuria and CKD than those without diabetes. Blood pressure was associated with albuminuria, and age, triglyceride level, and previous CVD were independent determinants of CKD in subjects with diabetes.
The role of native pastures in the Mid North Coast landscape

Native pastures supported the development of the grazing industry on the Mid North Coast, but their importance was reduced by widespread introduction of exotic species. However, native pasture species still form the major component of pasture biodiversity of the Mid North Coast. Their distribution depends on a number of landscape factors as well as past and present management practices. The major production role for native pastures is where soil limitations are greatest. In the future, economic pressures on farmers, especially increasing fertiliser costs may increase our dependence on native pastures, which are adapted to low/reduced inputs. Increased climatic variability will favour the most adaptable species. contribution to pasture yield. In other areas, where cultivation for maize and other crops led to destruction of native pastures, there is a tendency for introduced species and the pioneer native species such as red grass (Bothriochloa spp.) to dominate. In many paddocks a sudden increase in kangaroo grass (Themeda australis) and other natives can be seen when passing from previously cultivated to uncultivated areas, even when cultivation was conducted decades earlier. Natives are well adapted to coastal soil and landscape limitations. For instance, on many of the grassy headlands on the coast, where salt laden winds make for a harsh environment, kangaroo grass still thrives as a dominant species. In the freshwater swamps of the flood plains most areas are dominated by native species including water couch (Paspalum distichum), mud grasses (Psuedoraphis spp.) and numerous non-grass species. Dry matter (DM) production from water couch, in a ponded swamp, has been measured in excess of 100 kg DM/ha/day during summer and producing high quality forage (Rose & Rose 2005). Not only do such pastures provide a valuable source of feed, biodiversity and wildlife habitat, but they also play a major role in acid sulfate soil management.
Supplemental Information Genetic Mosaic Dissection of Lis 1 and Ndel 1 in Neuronal Migration

Supplemental Figures with Legends Supplemental Figure S1, related to Figure 1. Supplemental Figure S2, related to Figure 1 and Figure 2. Supplemental Figure S3, related to Figure 2. Supplemental Figure S4, related to Figure 2. Supplemental Figure S5, related to Figure 3. Supplemental Figure S6, related to Figure 4 and Figure 5. Supplemental Figure S7, related to Figure 7. Supplemental Figure S8, related to Figure 8. Supplemental Figure S9, related to Figure 8.
tudy on the mechanism of allelopathic influence on yanobacteria and chlorophytes by submerged macrophyte Myriophyllum spicatum ) and its secretion

For revealing the mechanism of allelopathic influence on phytoplankton by aquatic macrophytes, the growth and photosynthetic activities of cyanobacteria Microcystis aeruginosa and the chlorophyte Selenastrum capricornutum were investigated when they coexisted with submerged macrophyte Myriophyllum spicatum and were exposed to allelopathic polyphenols: pyrogallic acid (PA), gallic acid (GA), ellagic acid (EA) and (+)-catechin (CA). According to the results of coexistence assays, the non-photochemical quenching (NPQ) and effective quantum efficiency (YII) of M. aeruginosa were affected earlier and more rapidly than the cell density. However, the influence of M. spicatum on S. capricornutum was not found. When the Toxicity Index (TI) was applied to evaluate the combined effects of binary and multiple mixtures of polyphenols, it was found that the four tested polyphenols with the proportion identified in the M. spicatum-cultured solution were observed to present synergistic effect (0.36–0.49) according to the cell density, NPQ and YII of M. aeruginosa. With the combined effects of polyphenols on S. capricornutum, only additive action (0.52–1.62) was found. On the other hand, PA (2.97 mg L−1), GA (2.65 mg L−1) caused significant reductions of photosystem II (PSII) and whole electron transport chain activities of M. aeruginosa by 71.43 and 18.37%, 70.95 and 40.77% (P < 0.05), respectively, after 24-h exposure, but no inhibition effect was found in S. capricornutum. The dark respiration and photosystem I (PSI) activities of M. aeruginosa were significantly increased by exposure to PA and GA (P < 0.05). Nevertheless, EA and CA had no influence on the electron transport activities of the tested organisms. These results indicate that the reduction in photosynthetic activity of M. aeruginosa and the synergistic effect of allelochemicals may be two important causes for the inhibition of undesired phytoplankton by submersed macrophytes in natural aquatic ecosystems, and PSII in cyanobacteria is considered to be one of the target sites attacked ols. by allelopathic polyphen
Evaluating the Effectiveness of the No-take Zone within the Mona Island Natural Reserve, Puerto Rico

No-take marine reserves or no-take zones (NTZ) have become an effective tool for restoring marine populations threatened by overfishing by allowing populations to recover from excessive extraction and eventually export larvae and/or adults to adjacent areas (spillover). In 2004, a NTZ was established within the Mona Island Natural Reserve, Puerto Rico’s largest and most distant marine protected area (MPA). Mona Island is important as a potential stepping stone across a partial biogeographic barrier, yet populations there are thought to be largely dependent upon self–recruitment. Thus, it is critical that the effectiveness of this NTZ be evaluated. The objective of this study is to evaluate the effectiveness of the Mona Island NTZ with respect to coral reef fish populations threatened by overfishing. We used a before-after-control-impact (BACI) design to analyze these effects. Fish abundance and biomass of selected species known to be fishery targets were used as indicators of NTZ effect. Belt transects and roving surveys, stratified by habitat type and depth, were used to quantify fish abundances and sizes in areas previously sampled in 2005/06 (before reserve effects would be evident). Permutational multivariate analyses of variance (PERMANOVA) were carried out to assess temporal changes between 2005/06 and 2009/10, and spatial differences between take and NTZ of Mona Island. Significant increases in fish abundance and biomass were observed, suggesting a NTZ effect for important fishery resources. This study provides information to determine if marine reserve goals are being achieved at this bio-geographically important Caribbean site.
Leaves of roadside plants as bioindicator of traffic related lead pollution during different seasons in Sargodha, Pakistan.

Plants are important bioindicators of heavy metal environmental pollution. For this purpose a study was conducted during winter and summer seasons in Sargodha, Pakistan. Three roadside plants that is Dalbergia sissoo Roxb. , Prosopis juliflora L. and Eucalyptus spp. were collected from different locations. The study area was divided into five on the basis of traffic density and industrial pollution. These were Urban, Suburban, Industrial, Roadside and Rural. It was found that lead concentration was highest in the plants that were collected from industrial site in Dalbergia during winter and summer that is 421.43 ± 1 9.30 and 429.37 ± 14.49 ug g -1 respectively and lowest at the control site (rural site) 69.57 ± 36.80 ug g -1 in Eucalyptus during winter and 61.89 ± 35.97 ug g -1 in Prosopis during summer. All the three selected plants proved to be good indicators of lead pollution and due to their diverse distribution in different parts of the world their leaves can be used as bioindicators of lead pollution. Key words: Bioindicator, lead, roadside plants, seasonal variation.
THE MAJOR SECTIONS OR GROUPS WITHIN SOBRALIA, WITH FOUR NEW SPECIES FROM PANAMA AND COSTA RICA, S. CRISPISSIMA, S. GLORIANA, S. MARIANNAE AND S. NUTANS

Se presenta una discusion de las secciones o grupos de Sobralia , basada en las secciones nom- bradas por Brieger. Se describen cuatro especies nuevas de Panama y Costa Rica: S. gloriana , una especie escasa y muy llamativa del area de El Valle de Anton, pariente de S. atropubescens pero de flores mas grandes y de coloracion amarilla; S. mariannae , una planta pequena del bosque nuboso de Cerro Jefe, con flores blancas y pelos gruesos en el labelo; S. crispissima , pariente cercana de S. lindleyana , que se extiende d e s d e P a n a m a h a s t a e l s u r d e M e x i c o , y S . n u t a n s , u n a e s p e c i e d i s t i n t i v a d e l a S e c c i o n G l o b o sa e , d e Panama.
Un protocole de validation pour la réplication optimiste dans les syst̀emes ŕepartis śemantiquement riches

We study eventual consistency in an asynchronous system wit h optimistic data replication. A site executes actions submitted by the local client, a d remote actions as they are received. This state is only tentative, because semantic constraints such as conflicts, dependence, or atomicity may cause it to roll back some of its state and compute a new sta te. The system should be eventually consistent, i.e., (i) each local schedule be correct and sta bili e eventually, and (ii) the schedules at each site eventually converge. We propose a decentralised, a ynchronous commitment protocol that ensures this. Each site proposes a set of schedules to all oth er si es. A proposal can be decomposed into one or more semantically-meaningful units, call ed candidates. A candidate wins when it receives a majority or a plurality of the votes in its electio n, leaving room for missing votes. The protocol is fully asynchronous: each site executes its tentati ve schedule independently, and determines locally when a candidate has won an election. The protocol is safe in the presence of non-byzantine faults. It supports a rich repertoire of semantic relations , viz., it resolves conflicts, it guarantees sound executions with respect to dependence or atomicity, a nd it orders non-commuting pairs of actions, but not necessarily commuting ones. We describe th e protocol in detail and prove it safe. Key-words: data replication, optimistic replication, semantic repli cat on, commitment, voting protocols. ∗ LIP6, 104, ave. du Président Kennedy, 75016 Paris, France; mailto:pierre.sutra@lip6.fr Un protocole de validation pour la réplication optimiste dans les syst̀emes ŕepartis śemantiquement riches Résuḿe : Nous examinons à travers ce document la cohérence dans les syst` mes répartis répliquant des données de manière optimiste. Le paradigme de la répl ication optimiste est que les sites composant le système réparti peuvent ré-éxecuter les requ êt s des clients (actions) si la sémantique liant les actions le nécessite. Dans de tels systèmes le critèr e de cohérence est que les sites convergent à terme vers des exécutions équivalentes. Afin d’assurer ce tte onvergence, un protocole de validation est nécessaire. C’est l’objet de cette étude. Notre proto cole procède par éléctions successives sur des ensembles d’actions exécutées de manière optimiste par l système. La sémantique prise en compte dans ce protocole est suffisament riche pour exprimer des not ions telles que la non-commutativité, le conflit ou encore la causalité entre les actions. Nous pro uvons que notre protocole est sûr, et ce en dépit des éventuelles pannes franches pouvant survenir s ur les sites. Mots-clés : réplication optimiste, validation, protocoles de vote An asynchronous, decentralised commitment protocol for se mantic optimistic replication 3
Using aerial photos to produce digital surface models, otrhophotos, and land cover maps of a coastal area in Puget Sound, WA

Using aerial photos to produce Digital Surface Models, orthophotos, and land cover maps of a coastal area in Puget Sound, WA. Jonnie Dunne Chair of Supervisory Committee: Dr. L. Monika Moskal School of Environmental and Forest Science A new method in photogrammetry (the practice of taking spatial measurements from photographs) called Structure from Motion (SfM) produces automated measurements at much lower cost than older techniques. Research has shown that the spatial resolution and accuracy of measurements taken from SfM varies with photo properties such as camera position (terrestrial, aerial), spectral resolution (black and white, color, near infrared), and subject matter (bare earth, buildings, trees). Our first goal was to assess the spatial resolution and accuracy of SfM measurements taken from color infrared aerial photos of a 400 hectare coastal peninsula. We did so by producing and validating several types of Digital Surface Model (DSM, maps displaying elevation data) and orthophotos (photo maps that have been geometrically corrected using elevation data such that the scale is uniform). Results show that SfM measurements we derived from aerial photos are of high spatial resolution (5 points/m 2 ) and accuracy. Orthophotos and DSMs derived from similar SfM measurements have been shown to be suitable for many common geospatial applications, but SfM measurements have not yet been used to produce comprehensive land cover maps. Our second goal was to assess the accuracy of a land cover map derived from fusing a DSM and orthophoto and analyzing similarity between adjacent areas using a technique called Object Based Image Analysis. The land cover map we designed is intended to be suitable for monitoring and regulating land cover at small spatial scales in order to evaluate anthropogenic alterations toward conservation of shoreline ecological function. In this case we have semi-automatically mapped trees, shrubs, groundcover vegetation, bare ground, impervious surfaces, and water with 86% accuracy, and much higher resolution than the best available land cover map of the same area. We believe that the low cost of SfM measurements, and the high accuracy and resolution of products derived from them make SfM well suited to aid in monitoring and regulating land use to conserve shoreline ecological function.
Refraction and Shoaling of Nonlinear Internal Waves at the Malin Shelf Break

Abstract This paper applies a numerical model to explain the refraction and shoaling of nonlinear internal waves observed at the Malin slope for a sequence of tidal cycles in the summer of 1995. The model is first order in dispersion and second order in nonlinearity and is based on the extended Korteweg–de Vries (EKdV) equation. The EKdV model is applied along a set of rays and includes the effect of variable depth. The model predicts that an initial long-wavelength wave, which lies in water of depths between 500 and 900 m, develops into a set of internal solitary waves as it passes across the shelf break and onto the continental shelf, in agreement with observations. The extent of refraction is small because the internal waves are high frequency, and in this case the refraction is not strongly dependent on the nonlinear adjustment to phase speed. In the observations, the internal-wave amplitude, measured in terms of near-surface currents or thermocline displacement, initially grows as the wave crosses th.
Modeling of Water Balance Components in a Small Island via a Numerical Model Application

Abstract PRAVEENA, S.M. ; ABDULLAH, M.H. ; BIDIN, K. , and ARIS, A.Z. , 2012. Modeling of water balance components in a small island via a numerical model application. A numerical model (SEAWAT-2000) was selected to estimate the water balance components in the low-lying area of Manukan Island. The water balance components of the current situation have shown that decreasing freshwater storage is due to irregularities in the patterns of recharge rate and overpumping. Scenarios 1 and 2 were selected for factors that affect the water balance components in the current situation. The water balance components in Scenarios 1 and 2 have illustrated sustainable management and utilization of groundwater resources in the study area. A valuable tool to restore groundwater storage has been demonstrated in Scenario 2, which represents the impact of future El Niño events. The best artificial recharge method must be selected with consideration given to other important factors. Extra meteorological and water usage data will aid sustainable management and utilization of groundwater resources, as well as further reduction of the pumping rate. The results of this study provide a management foundation for restoration of the groundwater resources of Manukan Island. The management foundation can also be used with other small islands that have similar hydrogeological conditions for the purpose of groundwater resource protection.
Effect of Water Quality Model Uncertainty on the Passaic TMDL and Water Quality Trading Program for Total Phosphorus

Water quality modeling is a major source of scientific uncertainty in the Total Maximum Daily Load (TMDL) process. The effects of these uncertainties extend to water quality trading programs designed to implement TMDLs. This study identified how water quality model uncertainty affects outcomes related to the Non-Tidal Passaic River Basin TMDL for total phosphorus (TP) and potential trades of TP between point sources. Although the TMDL scenario showed greater than 10% probability of exceeding TMDL targets for chlorophyll-a (chl-a) at Dundee Lake and TP load diverted to the Wanaque Reservoir, the efficacy of TMDL measures was clearly demonstrated when compared directly to actual conditions in Water Year (WY) 2002. Trading scenario simulations suggest that trading ratios have been well designed. Each scenario demonstrated parity with or improvement from the baseline at the TMDL critical locations of Dundee Lake and the Wanaque South intake, and low risk of hot spots elsewhere.
A Case Study of Hong Kong Undergraduates Undertaking Their Disciplinary Writing Tasks and its Implications for EAP Pedagogy

English has been widely used as the medium of instruction (MOI) in higher education for many countries (Crystal, 2003:112). One of the reasons is that English has become “the medium of a great deal of the world’s knowledge” (Crystal, 2003:110). As Swales (2004) points out, English has been the pre-eminent language of research and publication, especially for research articles that aim at publication in international forums. Since higher education is concerned with access to knowledge in various disciplines, English is often adopted in advanced courses as the medium to acquire the knowledge of that discipline. Another reason, according to Crystal (2003), is the presence of international students in many universities, which makes English as the best choice of a lingua franca. This means that many non-native English speaking (NNES) students pursuing their overseas studies have to use English to learn and particularly to cope with the different writing demands in their disciplinary courses.
Results from a palaeomagnetic investigation of the Brent Group sediments in wells 34/10–16 and 34/10–17 showing evidence for complete remagnetization of the sediment

Abstract Cores from wells 34/10–16 and 34/10–17 in the Tampen Spur area, Norway were studied to establish a magnetic polarity stratigraphy for the Brent Group in the area. Approximately 100 samples from each well were treated by traditional thermal and alternating field demagnetization procedures and the apparent polarities determined. Thin sections were studied and scanning electron microscopy carried out with the purpose of verifying a primary origin of the remanent magnetization. Correlation of the two wells based on the polarity logs was in agreement with the lithoand biostratigraphic correlations. However, the mineralogical analysis did not determine any primary magnetic minerals, although potential remanence carrying diagenetic minerals were observed. This, combined with magnetic data indicating extensive remagnetization of the sediment, lead to the conclusion that the remanent magnetization of these sediments is late diagenetic, probably of Tertiary age. The results are not encouraging with respect to the use of palaeomagnetism as a chronostratigraphic tool for these sediments. It may, however, be useful for dating diagenetic events and, as a result of the strong secondary magnetization, magnetic orientation techniques can be successfully applied to the core material.
Diphtheria and Tetanus Toxoids and Acellular Pertussis Vaccine Adsorbed DAPTACEL ®

DESCRIPTION DAPTACEL, Diphtheria and Tetanus Toxoids and Acellular Pertussis Vaccine Adsorbed, for intramuscular use, manufactured by Aventis Pasteur Limited, is a sterile suspension of pertussis antigens and diphtheria and tetanus toxoids adsorbed on aluminum phosphate in a sterile isotonic sodium chloride solution. After shaking, the vaccine is a white homogeneous cloudy suspension. Each dose of DAPTACEL contains the following active ingredients:
Image‐based 3D Modelling: A Review

In this paper the main problems and the available solutions are addressed for the generation of 3D models from terrestrial images. Close range photogrammetry has dealt for many years with manual or automatic image measurements for precise 3D modelling. Nowadays 3D scanners are also becoming a standard source for input data in many application areas, but image‐based modelling still remains the most complete, economical, portable, flexible and widely used approach. In this paper the full pipeline is presented for 3D modelling from terrestrial image data, considering the different approaches and analysing all the steps involved.
Response of soil carbon pools to plant diversity in semi-natural grasslands of different land-use history

Within the scope of the BIOLOG-DIVA project, funded by the German Federal Ministry of Education and Research (BMBF), we analysed the effects of plant diversity on soil carbon pools as well as on biotic processes within the soil food web. It is a large interdisciplinary research project focusing on the relationship between biodiversity and ecosystem functioning in grassland ecosystems. The results of our study indicate that carbon pools and microbial community composition are influenced by the quantity of plant litter input. Processes of C accumulation are closely linked to vegetation quality and composition which have to be considered in future research.