Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Radio observations of the Marano Field and the faint radio galaxy population

Radio surveys with the Australia Telescope Compact Array have been carried out at 1.4 and 2.4 GHz with a limiting flux of ∼0.2 mJy at each frequency in the Marano Field, in which deep optical and X-ray (ROSAT) data are also available. In this paper we present the two radio samples, complete at the 5�local level, consisting of 63 and 48 sources respectively at 1.4 and 2.4 GHz. The 1.4 GHz normalized differential source counts show a flattening below about one mJy, in agreement with the results from previous surveys. The 2.4 GHz counts, which are the deepest at this or similar frequencies (e.g. 2.7 GHz), agree well with the 2.7 GHz counts at higher fluxes and with the extrapolations down to ∼2 mJy based on fluctuation analyses. The 2.4–1.4 GHz spectral index distributions are presented for both the complete samples in two flux density intervals. The median spectral index for the 1.4 GHz sample remains constant at � ∼0.8, down to the lowest fluxes (S1.4 ≃ 0.2 mJy), while for the higher frequency sample the spectral index distribution flattens in the lower flux density interval (S2.4 < 0.8 mJy). A significant number of sources with inverted spectrum (� < 0) does appear in both samples, at low flux level (< 2 mJy). These sources, which are about 25% of the complete sample at 2.4 GHz, are probably the “bright” counterpart of the inverted spectrum sources which appear to be almost 50% of the sources in the even deeper radio surveys (at ∼20–40 µJy).
Superfluid state of atomic 6 Li in a magnetic trap

We report on a study of the superfluid atate of spin-polarized atomic 6-Li confined in a magnetic trap. Density profiles of this degenerate Fermi gas, and the spatial distribution of the BCS order parameter are calculated in the local density approximation. The critical temperature is determined as a function of the number of particles in the trap. Furthermore we consider the mechanical stability of an interacting two-component Fermi gas, both in the case of attractive and repulsive interatomic interactions. For spin-polarized 6-Li we also calculate the decay rate of the gas, and show that within the mechanically stable regime of phase space, the lifetime is long enough to preform experiments on the gas below and above the critical temperature if a bias magnetic field of about 5 T is applied. Moreover, we propose that a measurement of the decay rate of the system might signal the presence of the superfluid state.
4U 1344-60 : a bright intermediate Seyfert galaxy at z = 0.012 with a relativistic Fe Kα emission line

We present analysis of the optical and X-ray spectra of the low Galactic latitude bright (F 2-10 = 3.6 x 10 -11 erg cm -2 s -1 ) source 4U 1344-60. On the basis of the optical data we propose to classify 4U 1344-60 as an intermediate type Seyfert galaxy and we measure a value of z = 0.012 ± 0.001 for its redshift. From the XMM-Newton observation we find that the overall X-ray spectral shape of 4U 1344-60 is complex and can be described by a power-law continuum (F ≈ 1.55) obscured by two neutral absorption components (N f H ∼ 10 22 cm -2 and N p H ∼ 4 × 10 22 cm -2 ), the latter covering only the ∼50% of the primary X-ray source. The X-ray data therefore lend support to our classification of 4U 1344-60. It exhibits a broad and skewed Fe Ka line at ∼6.4 keV, which suggests the existence of an accretion disk that is able to reprocess the primary continuum down to a few gravitational radii. Such a line represents one of the clearest examples of a relativistic line observed by XMM-Newton so far. Our analysis has also revealed the marginal presence of two narrow line-like emission features at ∼4.9 and ∼5.2 keV.
Time-Dependent ECG-AI Prediction of Fatal Coronary Heart Disease

Background Sudden cardiac death (SCD) affects >4 million people globally, and ~300,000 yearly in the US. Fatal coronary heart disease (FCHD) is used as a proxy to SCD when coronary disease is present and no other causes of death can be identified. Electrocardiographic (ECG) artificial intelligence (AI) models (ECG-AI) show promise in predicting adverse coronary events yet their application to FCHD is limited. Objectives This research aimed to develop accurate ECG-AI models to predict risk for FCHD within the general population using waveform 12- and single-lead ECG data as well as assess time-dependent risk. Methods Standard 10-second 12-lead ECGs sampled at 250Hz, demographic and clinical data from University of Tennessee Health Science Center (UTHSC) were used to develop and validate models. Eight models were developed and tested: two classification models with convolutional neural networks (CNN) using 12- and single-lead ECGs as inputs (12-ECG-AI and 1-ECG-AI, respectively) and six time-dependent cox proportional hazard regression (CPHR) models using demographics, clinical data and ECG-AI outputs. The dataset was split into 80% for model derivation, with five-fold cross-validation, and 20% holdout test set. Models were evaluated using the AUC and C-Index. Correlation of predicted risks from the 12-lead (12-ECG-AI) and single-lead (1-ECG-AI) CNN models was assessed. Results A total of 50,132 patients were included in this study (29,093 controls and 21,039 cases) with a total of 167,662 ECGs with mean age of 62.50{+/-}14.80years, 53.4% males and 48.5% African-Americans. The 12- and 1-ECG-AI models resulted AUCs=0.77 and 0.76, respectively on the holdout data. The best performing model was C12-ECG-AI-Cox (demographics+clinical+ECG) with no time restriction AUC=0.85(0.84-0.86) and C-Index= 0.78(0.77-0.79). 2-year FCHD risk prediction reached AUC=0.91(0.90-0.92). The 12-/1-ECG-AI models' predictions were highly correlated (R2 = 0.72). Conclusion 2-year risk for FCHD can be predicted with moderate accuracy from ECG data alone. When combined with other data, a very high accuracy was obtained. High correlation between single-lead and 12-lead ECG models infer opportunities for screening larger patient populations for FCHD risk.
The transverse-traceless spin-2 gravitational wave cannot be a standalone observable because it is acausal

We show, through an explicit calculation of the relevant Green’s functions, that the transverse-traceless (TT) portion of the gravitational perturbations of Minkowski spacetime and of spatially flat cosmologies with a constant equation-of-state w receive contributions from their isolated matter source(s) outside the past null cone of the observer. This implies the TT gravitational wave (GW) cannot be a standalone observable—despite widespread (apparent) claims in the gravitational wave literature to the contrary. About a Minkowski background, all 4 of the gauge-invariant variables—the two scalars, one vector and tensor—play crucial roles to ensure the spatial tidal forces encoded within the gauge-invariant linearized Riemann tensor are causal. These gravitational tidal forces do not depend solely on the TT graviton but rather on the causal portion of its acceleration. However, in the far zone radiative limit, the flat spacetime ‘TT’ graviton Green’s function does reduce to the causal ‘tt’ ones, which are the ones commonly used to compute gravitational waveforms. Similar remarks apply to the spin-1 photon; for instance, the electric field does not depend solely on the photon, but is the causal part of its velocity. As is known within the quantum theory of photons and linearized gravitons, there are obstacles to the construction of simultaneously gauge-invariant and Lorentz-covariant descriptions of these massless spin-1 and spin-2 states. Our results transparently demonstrate that the quantum operators associated with the helicity-1 photon and helicity-2 linear graviton both violate micro-causality: namely, they do not commute outside the light cone in flat and cosmological spacetimes.
Onset, retreat and length of the rainy season over Cameroon

Observed precipitation from 24 stations in Cameroon during 1962–1993 were used to study onset, retreat and length of the rainy season. Results were compared to control simulations by four IPCC 4AR AOGCMs. CSIRO‐mk3.5 and MPI‐echam5 AOGCMs best captured onset, retreat and duration of the rainy season. Projections for 2082–2098 under the SRES A2 emission scenario were also analysed. For that period, onset dates are expected to be later by 1 pentad or more than in the current climate and retreat by less than half a pentad in zones 1 and 2. This will lead to a slight decrease in the duration of the rainy season. The situation is reverse in zone 3, where the season will be longer. Copyright © 2012 Royal Meteorological Society
Stratiﬁcation and π -cosupport: ﬁnite groups

We introduce the notion of π -cosupport as a new tool for the stable module category of a ﬁnite group scheme. In the case of a ﬁnite group, we use this to give a new proof of the classiﬁcation of tensor ideal localising subcategories. In a sequel to this paper, we carry out the corresponding classiﬁcation for ﬁnite group schemes.
A Z 2 -Index of Symmetry Protected Topological Phases with Time Reversal Symmetry for Quantum Spin Chains

: We introduce a Z 2 -index for time reversal invariant Hamiltonians with unique gapped ground state on quantum spin chains. We show this is an invariant of a C 1 classiﬁcation of gapped Hamiltonians. Analogous results hold for more general on-site ﬁnite group symmetry, with the 2-cohomology class as the invariant.
Bott Periodicity for Z2 Symmetric Ground States of Gapped Free-Fermion Systems

Building on the symmetry classification of disordered fermions, we give a proof of the proposal by Kitaev, and others, for a “Bott clock” topological classification of free-fermion ground states of gapped systems with symmetries. Our approach differs from previous ones in that (i) we work in the standard framework of Hermitian quantum mechanics over the complex numbers, (ii) we directly formulate a mathematical model for ground states rather than spectrally flattened Hamiltonians, and (iii) we use homotopy-theoretic tools rather than K -theory. Key to our proof is a natural transformation that squares to the standard Bott map and relates the ground state of a d-dimensional system in symmetry class s to the ground state of a (d + 1)-dimensional system in symmetry class s + 1. This relation gives a new vantage point on topological insulators and superconductors.
Proof of the Wehrl-type Entropy Conjecture for Symmetric SU ( N ) Coherent States

: The Wehrl entropy conjecture for coherent (highest weight) states in representations of the Heisenberg group, which was proved in 1978 and recently extended by us to the group SU ( 2 ) , is further extended here to symmetric representations of the groups SU ( N ) for all N . This result gives further evidence for our conjecture that highest weight states minimize group integrals of certain concave functions for a large class of Lie groups and their representations.
Minigap in superconductor-ferromagnet junctions with inhomogeneous magnetization

We consider the minigap in a disordered ferromagnet (F) in contact with a superconductor (S) in the situation when the magnetization of the F layer is inhomogeneous in space and noncollinear. If the magnetization is strongly inhomogeneous, it effectively averages out, and the minigap survives up to the exchange field $h_c ~ (L/a) E_{Th}$, where $L$ is the thickness of the F layer, $a$ is the scale on which the magnetization varies, and $E_{Th}$ is the Thouless energy. Technically, we use the "triplet" version of the Usadel equations including both singlet and triplet components of the Green's functions. In many cases, the effect of disordered magnetization may be effectively included in the conventional Usadel equations as the spin-flip scattering term. In the case of low-dimensional magnetic inhomogeneities (we consider spiral magnetization as an example), however, the full set of "triplet" equations must be solved.
Reports of deaths are an exaggeration: German (PCR-test-positive) fatality counts during the SARS-CoV-2 era in the context of all-cause mortality

As of March 2020, counts of SARS-CoV-2-related ('CoViD-19') deaths have been key numbers for justifying severe political, social, and economical measures put into action by authorities world-wide. A particular focus thereby was the concomitant excess mortality (EM), i.e. fatalities above the normally expected all-cause mortality (AM). Recent reports and studies, inter alia by the WHO, estimated the SARS-CoV-2-related EM in Germany between 2020 and 2021 as high as 200,000. In this study, we attempt to scrutinise these numbers by putting them into the context of German AM since the year 2000. To this end, we propose two straightforward, low-parametric models to estimate German AM, and thus EM, for the years 2020 and 2021 as well as the flu seasons 2020/21 and 2021/22. Additionally, we give a forecast of the AM expected in 2022. After having derived age-cohort-specific mortality rates out of historical data, weighted with their corresponding demographic proportion, EM is obtained by subtracting (model-)calculated AM counts from observed ones. For Germany, we find even an overall negative EM ('under-mortality') of about -18,500 for the year 2020, and a minor positive EM of about 7,000 for 2021, unveiling that officially communicated EM numbers are a great exaggeration. Further, putting CoViD-19 "cases" (defined by positive PCR test outcomes) and their related death counts into the context of AM, we are able to estimate how many Germans have died due to rather than with CoViD-19; an analysis not provided by the appropriate authority, the RKI. Thereby, varying governmental PCR test strategies are shown to heavily obscure reliable estimations of SARS-CoV-2-related EM, particularly within the second year of the proclaimed pandemic.
Graph-Based Clinical Recommender: Predicting Specialists Procedure Orders using Graph Representation Learning

An automated medical procedure order recommender can facilitate patient referrals and consultations from primary care providers to specialty care sites. Here, we propose to solve this task using a novel graph representation learning approach. We develop a heterogeneous graph neural network to model structured electronic health records and formulate the procedure recommender task as a link prediction problem. Our experimental results show that our model achieves a 14% improvement in personalized recommendations over state-of-the-art neural network models and existing clinical tools including referral guidelines and check lists.
Alterations in PTPN11 and other RAS-/MAP-Kinase pathway genes define ganglioglioma with adverse clinical outcome and atypic histopathological features

The PTPN11 gene was recently described as a novel lesional epilepsy gene by extensive exome-wide sequencing studies. However, germline mutations of PTPN11 and other RAS-/MAP-Kinase signaling pathway genes cause Noonan syndrome, a multisystem disorder characterized by abnormal facial features, developmental delay, and sporadically, also brain tumors. Herein, we performed a deep phenotype-genotype analysis of a comprehensive series of ganglioglioma (GG) with brain somatic alterations of the PTPN11 gene compared to GG with other common MAP-Kinase signaling pathway alterations. Seventy-two GG were submitted to whole exome sequencing and genotyping and 86 low grade epilepsy associated tumors (LEAT) to DNA-methylation analysis. Clinical data were retrieved from hospital files including postsurgical disease onset, age at surgery, brain localization, and seizure outcome. A comprehensive histopathology staining panel was available in all cases. We identified eight GG with PTPN11 alterations, copy number variant (CNV) gains of chromosome 12, and the commonality of additional CNV gains in FGFR4, RHEB, NF1, KRAS as well as BRAFV600E alterations. Histopathology revealed an atypical and complex glio-neuronal phenotype with subpial tumor spread and large, pleomorphic, and multinuclear cellular features. Only three out of eight patients with GG and PTPN11 alterations were free of disabling-seizures two years after surgery (38% Engel I). This was remarkably different from our series of GG with BRAFV600E mutations (85% Engel I). Our data point to a subgroup of GG with cellular atypia in glial and neuronal cell components, adverse postsurgical outcome, and genetically characterized by PTPN11 and other Noonan syndrome-related alterations of the RAS-/MAP-Kinase signaling pathway. These findings need prospective validation in clinical practice as they argue for an adapted WHO grading system in developmental, glio-neuronal tumors associated with early-onset focal epilepsy. These findings also open avenues for targeted medical treatment.
Application of The (-Expansion Method For Solving The Generalized Forms B (n, 1 ) andB (-n, 1 ) of Burgers’ Equation

Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee, Saharanpur campus, Saharanpur, U.P.-247001, India Abstract In this paper, the exact traveling wave solutions of thegeneralized forms B(n, 1) and B(-n, 1) of Burgers' equation are obtained by using (G`/G)-expansion method. It has been shown that the (G`/G)-expansion method, with the help of computation, provides a very effective and powerful tool for solving non-linear partial differential equations
A generalized pricing framework addressing correlated mortality and interest risks: a change of probability measure approach

Annuity-contingent derivatives involve both mortality and interest risks, which could have a correlation. In this article, we propose a generalized pricing framework in which the dependence between the two risks can be explicitly modelled. We also utilize the change of measure technique to simplify the valuation expressions. We illustrate our methodology in the valuation of a guaranteed annuity option (GAO). Using both forward measure associated with the bond price as numéraire and the newly introduced concept of endowment-risk-adjusted measure, we derive a simplified formula for the GAO price under the generalized framework. Numerical results show that the methodology proposed in this article is highly efficient and accurate.
The skills, knowledge and attributes needed as a first-contact physiotherapist in musculoskeletal healthcare.

OBJECTIVES The provision of musculoskeletal assessment and pathway management by physiotherapists in primary care is an expanding innovation within the UK National Health Service. This new model of care is challenging physiotherapists to work in new ways, and so an understanding of these roles is timely and wil contribute to the growing knowledge regarding these practitioners and their impact. METHODS This qualitative study aimed to improve the understanding of the clinical practice of first-contact clinicians in musculoskeletal healthcare. The study used a think-aloud method to explore eight clinicians' views via a stage 1 semi-structured interview process. This was followed by a stage 2 focus group involving physiotherapists and a general practitioner trainer. A thematic analysis then followed, which involved the researcher and a research colleague coding the data and subsequently developing themes. RESULTS The themes identified were: medical assessment and systems knowledge; speed of thought in an uncertain environment; breadth of knowledge; people and communication skills; common sense/simplify; and responsibility and experience. CONCLUSIONS The identified themes should help to underpin the competence, capability and training requirements for these new roles, and should be considered when developing new services utilizing first-contact primary care physiotherapy practice.
Communications in Mathematical Physics Elliptic Genera of 2 d N = 2 Gauge Theories

We compute the elliptic genera of general two-dimensional N = (2, 2) and N = (0, 2) gauge theories. We find that the elliptic genus is given by the sum of Jeffrey– Kirwan residues of a meromorphic form, representing the one-loop determinant of fields, on the moduli space of flat connections on T 2. We give several examples illustrating our formula, with both Abelian and non-Abelian gauge groups, and discuss some dualities for U (k) and SU (k) theories. This paper is a sequel to the authors’ previous paper (Benini et al., Lett Math Phys 104:465–493, 2014).
The semi‐annual oscillation in upper stratospheric and mesospheric water vapour as observed by HALOE

In this paper observations made by the Halogen Occultation Experiment (HALOE) instrument are used to investigate the semi‐annual oscillation (SAO) in water vapour mixing ratio in the upper stratosphere. We also present first observations of an SAO in water vapour in the mid to upper equatorial mesosphere. The HALOE data set, which spans a period of greater than four years, also facilitates the examination of interannual variability, and in particular the effects of quasi‐biennial oscillation (QBO)/SAO interaction on the water vapour distribution. The data show an SAO in equatorial water vapour near 1 mb, with troughs in February and August and peaks in May and November. This SAO travels downwards in time to around the 5 mb level, approximately in phase with contemporaneous zonal winds calculated from United Kingdom Meteorological Office (UKMO) analyses. In addition, the UKMO winds show a seasonal variation in the strength of the SAO, related to which is an annual cycle in HALOE water vapour near 1 mb. There is also an SAO in the upper mesosphere, which has a maximum amplitude approximately 2 1/2 times larger than that in the upper stratosphere. This SAO propagates downwards in time, approximately in phase with the zonal winds observed by the High‐Resolution Doppler Imager instrument. However, the pattern of the water vapour maxima between 0.04 and 0.1 mb does not appear to be consistent with the vertical transport that is induced by the SAO in zonal wind. There is also an annual cycle in mesospheric water vapour, which results from the modulation of the winds in the mesosphere by the seasonal cycle in the upper stratospheric SAO in zonal wind. Latitude/pressure sections show that the amplitude of both the upper stratospheric and mesospheric SAO in water vapour decreases away from the equator. However, between 30 and 35° S the SAO in the mesosphere is again large, possibly due to upward transport in winter associated with breaking gravity waves. There are also considerable bieninal cycles in upper stratospheric and mesospheric water vapour, which appear to result chiefly from the phase of the QBO modulating the SAO in zonal wind.
DISCRETE MODELS FOR FORECASTING AND CONTROL.

Abstract : The authors first describe a class of discrete linear time series models capable of representing nonstationary as well as stationary behavior. In control problems these models are used to describe disturbances to the system. Dynamic models which represent relationships between variables which control and are controlled are later introduced. The identification, fitting, checking and practical use of such models in forecasting and control are discussed. The models employed are empirico-mechanistic in that while they can be interpreted as descriptions of physical phenomena having the right general character they do not claim to represent exact physical reality and are fitted to data empirically. An important principle in the choice of such models is that, they should, while adequately representing the data, contain the fewest possible number of parameters. This is called the principle of parsimony or of parsimonious parametrization. (Author)