Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The red and blue galaxy populations in the GOODS field: evidence for an excess of red dwarfs

Aims. We study the evolution of the galaxy population up to z ∼ 3 as a function of its colour properties. In particular, luminosity functions and luminosity densities were derived as a function of redshift for the blue/late and red/early populations. Methods. We use data from the GOODS-MUSIC catalogue, which have typical magnitude limits z850 ≤ 26 and Ks ≤ 23.5 for most of the sample. About 8% of the galaxies have spectroscopic redshifts; the remaining have well calibrated photometric redshifts derived from the extremely wide multi-wavelength coverage in 14 bands (from the U band to the Spitzer 8 µm band). We have derived a catalogue of galaxies complete in the rest-frame B-band, which has been divided into two subsamples according to their rest-frame U − V colour (or derived specific star formation rate) properties. Results. We confirm a bimodality in the U − V colour and specific star formation rate of the galaxy sample up to z ∼ 3. This bimodality is used to compute the luminosity functions of the blue/late and red/early subsamples. The luminosity functions of the blue/late and total samples are well represented by steep Schechter functions evolving in luminosity with increasing redshifts. The volume density of the luminosity functions of the red/early populations decreases with increasing redshift. The shape of the red/early luminosity functions shows an excess of faint red dwarfs with respect to the extrapolation of a flat Schechter function and can be represented by the sum of two Schechter functions. Our model for galaxy formation in the hierarchical clustering scenario, which also includes external feedback due to a diffuse UV background, shows a general broad agreement with the luminosity functions of both populations, the larger discrepancies being present at the faint end for the red population. Hints on the nature of the red dwarf population are given on the basis of their stellar mass and spatial distributions.
A stochastic model for critical illness insurance

In this thesis, we present methods and results for the estimation of diagnosis inception rates for Critical Illness Insurance (CII) claims in the UK by cause. This is the first study which provides a stochastic model for the diagnosis inception rates for CII. The data are supplied by the UK Continuous Mortality Investigation and relate to claims settled in the years 1999 2005. First, we develop a model for the delay between dates of diagnosis and settlement of claims in CII using a generalised-lineartype model with Burr errors under both Bayesian and maximum likelihood approach. Variable selection using Bayesian methodology to obtain the best model with different prior distribution setups for the parameters is applied. For comparison purposes, a lognormal model and frequency-based model selection techniques are also considered. The non-recorded dates of diagnosis and settlement have been included in the analysis as missing values using their posterior predictive distribution and Markov Chain Monte Carlo methodology. Missing dates of diagnosis are estimated using the parsimonious claim delay distribution. With this complete data set, diagnosis inception rates for all causes (combined) and for specific causes are estimated using an appropriate claim delay distribution where the observed numbers of claim counts are assumed to have a Poisson distribution. To model the crude rates, a generalised linear model with Poisson errors and log-link function is used.
A Data Aware Web Architecture by Edward Benson

This thesis describes a client-server toolkit called Sync Kit that demonstrates how client-side database storage can improve the performance of data intensive websites. Sync Kit is designed to make use of the embedded relational database defined in the upcoming HTML5 standard to offload some data storage and processing from a web server onto the web browsers to which it serves content. Sync Kit provides various strategies for synchronizing relational database tables between the browser and the web server, along with a client-side template library so that portions web applications may be executed client-side. Unlike prior work in this area, Sync Kit persists both templates and data in the browser across web sessions, increasing the number of concurrent connections a server can handle by up to a factor of four versus that of a traditional server-only web stack and a factor of three versus a recent template caching approach. Thesis Supervisor: David R. Karger Title: Professor
Medical student, physician, and public perceptions of health care disparities.

OBJECTIVES This study investigates first- and fourth-year medical students' perceptions about health care disparities and compares their perceptions with those of physicians and the public. METHODS We conducted an analysis of a national survey of medical students that included questions addressing unfair treatment of patients in the health care system based on insurance status, money, English language ability, and race/ethnicity. Results were compared with previously collected data from surveys of physicians and the public. The study also analyzed students' opinions about workforce diversity and cultural competence curricula. RESULTS Medical students were generally more likely than physicians and the public to perceive unfair treatment of patients. First-year medical students were more likely than fourth-year students, and fourth-year students more likely than physicians, to perceive unfair treatment. Minority medical students and physicians were generally more likely than their white counterparts to perceive unfair treatment. The majority of medical students desired more exposure to disparity issues and endorsed medical workforce diversity. CONCLUSIONS Perceptions of unfair treatment in the health care system differ among medical students, physicians, and the public, as well as among racial/ethnic groups. Minority students and physicians are more likely to perceive greater levels of unfairness. Our results suggest that perceptions of unfair treatment may decline during the process of acculturation to the medical profession. Interventions to reduce health care disparities must address the process of medical education and training.
Five-year results of intracoronary infusion of the mobilized peripheral blood stem cells by granulocyte colony-stimulating factor in patients with myocardial infarction.

AIM To evaluate the long-term effects of peripheral blood stem cell therapy in myocardial infarction (MI) patients. METHODS AND RESULTS A total of 163 patients with MI who were successfully revascularized with drug-eluting stents were enrolled and randomly assigned to four groups: acute MI (AMI) cell infusion, AMI control, old MI (OMI) cell infusion, and OMI control. We compared 5 years' clinical outcomes between the cell infusion group (57 and 22 patients with AMI and OMI, respectively) and the control (60 and 24 patients with AMI and OMI, respectively). In the time-sequence comparison from baseline to 6 and 24 months follow-up after AMI, left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) by cardiac magnetic resonance imaging was significantly improved in the cell infusion group (n = 57), but not in the control group (n = 60). In the between-group comparison, the difference in improvement of LVEF for 2 years after AMI did not reach statistical significance between cell infusion and control groups. Intriguingly, the major adverse cardiac events for 5 years were significantly reduced in the cell infusion group (n = 79) compared with the control (n = 84; composite of cardiac death, non-fatal MI, hospitalization for heart failure and angina, and target vessel revascularization; 22.8 vs. 39.3%, P = 0.015). CONCLUSIONS Peripheral blood stem cell therapy has potential to improve long-term cardiovascular outcomes in MI patients.
Effect of ruminal administration of Escherichia coli wild type or a genetically modified strain with enhanced high nitrite reductase activity on methane emission and nitrate toxicity in nitrate-infused sheep

The effects of two kinds of Escherichia coli (E. coli) strain, wild-type E. coli W3110 and E. coli nir-Ptac, which has enhanced NO2 reduction activity, on oral CH4 emission and NO3 toxicity in NO3-treated sheep were assessed in a respiratory hood system in a 4×6 Youden square design. NO3 (1·3g NaNO3/kg0·75 body weight) and/or E. coli strains were delivered into the rumen through a fistula as a single dose 30min after the morning meal. Escherichia coli cells were inoculated for sheep to provide an initial E. coli cell density of optical density at 660nm of 2, which corresponded to 2×1010 cells/ml. The six treatments consisted of saline, E. coli W3110, E. coli nir-Ptac, NO3, NO3 plus E. coli W3110, and NO3 plus E. coli nir-Ptac. CH4 emission from sheep was reduced by the inoculation of E. coli W3110 or E. coli nir-Ptac by 6% and 12%, respectively. NO3 markedly inhibited CH4 emission from sheep. Compared with sheep given NO3 alone, the inoculation of E. coli W3110 to NO3-infused sheep lessened ruminal and plasma toxic NO2 accumulation and blood methaemoglobin production, while keeping ruminal methanogenesis low. Ruminal and plasma toxic NO2 accumulation and blood methaemoglobin production in sheep were unaffected by the inoculation of E. coli nir-Ptac. These results suggest that ruminal methanogenesis may be reduced by the inoculation of E. coli W3110 or E. coli nir-Ptac. The inoculation of E. coli W3110 may abate NO3 toxicity when NO3 is used to inhibit CH4 emission from ruminants.
Example-based image upscaling using parallel texture synthesis

This paper presents an example-based superresolution image upscale method which extends the current framework. In our approach, we rely on several external example images to represent different scales of the original image. We perform a parallel texture synthesis to reconstruct the miss information in the target image by upsampling. After that, we use correction to make the result more matching to the original low-resolution image. What's more, since the self-loop of example image is allowed, we can create infinitely magnified image which is not practical for current upscale schemas. The abstract is to be in fully-justified italicized text, at the top of the left-hand column as it is here, below the author information. Use the word “Abstract” as the title, in 12-point Times, boldface type, centered relative to the column, initially capitalized. The abstract is to be in 10-point, single-spaced type, and up to 150 words in length. Leave two blank lines after the abstract, then begin the main text.
Computation of Information Content of Data Analyzing their Symmetry

The measure of information of an individual object is considered. It is based on the measure of dissymmetry contained in the object and its description. As the qualitative measure of dissymmetry the orbit power of an object automorphism is suggested. As examples of application to mathematical physics we consider the parameter distributions and form of figures. Some strict definitions and theorems are formulated for the complexity measure for Morse function and geometrical figures.
Correction: Adenosine Prevents TNFα-Induced Decrease in Endothelial Mitochondrial Mass via Activation of eNOS-PGC-1α Regulatory Axis

We tested whether adenosine, a cytoprotective mediator and trigger of preconditioning, could protect endothelial cells from inflammation-induced deficits in mitochondrial biogenesis and function. We examined this question using human microvascular endothelial cells exposed to TNFa. TNFa produced time and dose-dependent decreases in mitochondrial membrane potential, cellular ATP levels, and mitochondrial mass, preceding an increase in apoptosis. These effects were prevented by co-incubation with adenosine, a nitric oxide (NO) donor, a guanylate cyclase (GC) activator, or a cell-permeant cyclic GMP (cGMP) analog. The effects of adenosine were blocked by a nitric oxide synthase inhibitor, a soluble guanylate cyclase inhibitor, a morpholino antisense oligonucleotide to endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS), or siRNA knockdown of the transcriptional coactivator, PGC-1a. Incubation with exogenous NO, a GC activator, or a cGMP analog reversed the effect of eNOS knockdown, while the effect of NO was blocked by inhibition of GC. The protective effects of NO and cGMP analog were prevented by siRNA to PGC-1a. TNFa also decreased expression of eNOS, cellular NO levels, and PGC-1a expression, which were reversed by adenosine. Exogenous NO, but not adenosine, rescued expression of PGC-1a in cells in which eNOS expression was knocked down by eNOS antisense treatment. Thus, TNFa elicits decreases in endothelial mitochondrial function and mass, and an increase in apoptosis. These effects were reversed by adenosine, an effect mediated by eNOS-synthesized NO, acting via soluble guanylate cyclase/cGMP to activate a mitochondrial biogenesis regulatory program under the control of PGC-1a. These results support the existence of an adenosine-triggered, mito-and cytoprotective mechanism dependent upon an eNOS-PGC-1a regulatory pathway, which acts to preserve endothelial mitochondrial function and mass during inflammatory challenge. Citation: Kalogeris TJ, Baines C, Korthuis RJ (2014) Adenosine Prevents TNFa-Induced Decrease in Endothelial Mitochondrial Mass via Activation of eNOS-PGC-1a Regulatory Axis. PLoS ONE 9(6): e98459. doi:10.1371/journal.pone. 0098459 Editor: David Jourd’heuil, Albany Medical College, United States of America Received December 24, 2013; Accepted May 3, 2014; Published June 10, 2014 Copyright: 2014 Kalogeris et al. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited. Funding: This work was supported by National Institutes of Health (NIH) grants: AA014945, HL095486. http://www.niaaa. nih.gov/, http://www.nhlbi. nih.gov/. The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript. Competing Interests: The authors have declared that no competing interests exist. * E-mail: kalogerist@health.missouri. edu
THE ROLE OF PURCHASE INTENTION ON MEDIATING THE RELATIONSHIP OF E-WOM AND E-WOM CREDIBILITY TO PURCHASE DECISION

The aim of this study is explaining the impact of E-WOM (e-WOM) and e-WOM credibility towards purchase decision, with purchase intention as a mediator variable. There is a total response of 115 people collected by using purposive sampling technique. Furthermore, the selected respondents have the following criteria: (a) actively using social media, such as Facebook and Instagram; (b) read the testimonials, photos, and location of a restaurant on social media; (c) have experienced the previously described restaurant; and (d) have graduated from high school. The hypothesis in this study was prepared with Generalized Structured Component Analysis (GeSCA) technique.From the research that has been carried out, it is possible to conclude that: (a) e-WOM has positive and significant influence towards e-WOM credibility; (b) e-WOM encourages the purchase intention; (c) e-WOM has no direct positive and significant effect towards restaurant customers’ purchase decision in Bali, but it affects indirectly through their purchase intention; (d) e-WOM credibility has positive and significant influence towards purchase intention; (e) e-WOM credibility has positive and significant influence towards purchase decision, directly and indirectly; and (f) purchase intention has a positive relationship with purchase decision.
Pseudomonas aeruginosa Exhibits Deficient Biofilm Formation in the Absence of Class II and III Ribonucleotide Reductases Due to Hindered Anaerobic Growth

Chronic lung infections by the ubiquitous and extremely adaptable opportunistic pathogen Pseudomonas aeruginosa correlate with the formation of a biofilm, where bacteria grow in association with an extracellular matrix and display a wide range of changes in gene expression and metabolism. This leads to increased resistance to physical stress and antibiotic therapies, while enhancing cell-to-cell communication. Oxygen diffusion through the complex biofilm structure generates an oxygen concentration gradient, leading to the appearance of anaerobic microenvironments. Ribonucleotide reductases (RNRs) are a family of highly sophisticated enzymes responsible for the synthesis of the deoxyribonucleotides, and they constitute the only de novo pathway for the formation of the building blocks needed for DNA synthesis and repair. P. aeruginosa is one of the few bacteria encoding all three known RNR classes (Ia, II, and III). Class Ia RNRs are oxygen dependent, class II are oxygen independent, and class III are oxygen sensitive. A tight control of RNR activity is essential for anaerobic growth and therefore for biofilm development. In this work we explored the role of the different RNR classes in biofilm formation under aerobic and anaerobic initial conditions and using static and continuous-flow biofilm models. We demonstrated the importance of class II and III RNR for proper cell division in biofilm development and maturation. We also determined that these classes are transcriptionally induced during biofilm formation and under anaerobic conditions. The molecular mechanism of their anaerobic regulation was also studied, finding that the Anr/Dnr system is responsible for class II RNR induction. These data can be integrated with previous knowledge about biofilms in a model where these structures are understood as a set of layers determined by oxygen concentration and contain cells with different RNR expression profiles, bringing us a step closer to the understanding of this complex growth pattern, essential for P. aeruginosa chronic infections.
Ju l 2 00 3 Supergalactic winds driven by multiple superstar clusters

Here we present two dimensional hydrodynamic calculations of free expanding supergalactic winds, taking into consideration strong radiative cooling. Our main premise is that supergalactic winds are powered by collections of superstar clusters, each of which is a source of a high metallicity supersonic diverging outflow. The interaction of winds from neighboring superstar clusters is here shown to lead to a collection of stationary oblique shocks and crossing shocks, able to structure the general outflow into a network of dense and cold, kpc long filaments that originate near the base of the outflow. The shocks also lead to extended regions of diffuse soft X-ray emission and furthermore, to channel the outflow with a high degree of collimation into the intergalactic medium. Subject headings: Galaxies: superwinds, Starbursts: optical and X-ray emissions, general starburst
Autonomic Management of Context-Aware Ambient Overlay Networks

Ambient networks (ANs) introduce a new dynamic and flexible architecture for fixed and mobile networks. The environment is dynamic since they consist of various mobile nodes and flexible since ANs can compose and decompose dynamically and automatically with other ANs. The AN architecture must be sophisticatedly designed to support such high level of dynamicity, heterogeneity and flexibility. Composition and decomposition is performed at the network-level but since the network topology may change, the service delivery should also be adapted accordingly. Indeed, new services should be user-centric. In this paper, for delivering services adapted to the dynamically changing user and network context, we promote the use of service specific overlay networks in ANs that are created on- demand according to specific service requirements. This paper presents an autonomic approach to create, configure, adapt, contextualize, and finally teardown those context-aware overlay networks.
BEwT­E: Basic Elements with Transformations for Evaluation

This paper describes BEwT­E (Basic El­ ements with Transformations for Evalua­ tion), an automatic system for evaluating text summarization or machine transla­ tion tasks. BEwT­E is a new, more so­ phisticated implementation of the BE framework that uses transformations to match short, syntactically well­defined units called Basic Elements (BEs) that are lexically different yet semantically similar.
Energy inequalities for cutoff functions and some applications

We consider a metric measure space with a local regular Dirichlet form. We establish necessary and sufficient conditions for upper heat kernel bounds with sub-diffusive space-time exponent to hold. This characterization is stable under rough isometries, that is it is preserved under bounded perturbations of the Dirichlet form. Further, we give a criterion for stochastic completeness in terms of a Sobolev inequality for cutoff functions. As an example we show that this criterion applies to an anomalous diffusion on a geodesically incomplete fractal space, where the well-established criterion in terms of volume growth fails.
A comparative study of stock scoring using regression and genetic-based linear models

Stock selection has long been a challenging and important task in investment and finance. Researchers and practitioners in this area often use regression models to tackle this problem due to their simplicity and effectiveness. Recent advances in machine learning (ML) are leading to significant opportunities to solve these problems more effectively. In this paper, we present a comparative study between the traditional regression-based and ML-based linear models for stock scoring, which is crucial to the success of stock selection. In ML-based models, Genetic Algorithms (GA), a class of well-known search algorithms in the area of ML, is used for optimization of model parameters and selection of input variables to the stock scoring model. We will show that our proposed genetic-based method significantly outperforms the traditional regression-based method as well as the benchmark. As a result, we expect this genetic-based methodology to advance the research in machine learning for finance and provide an attractive alternative to stock selection over the regression-based approach.
Complex Analysis (Princeton Lectures in Analysis, Volume II)

We know by Weierstrass’s theorem that any continuous function on a compact interval can be approximated uniformly by polynomials. With this result in mind, one may inquire about similar approximations in complex analysis. More precisely, we ask the following question: what conditions on a compact set K ⊂ C guarantee that any function holomorphic in a neighborhood of this set can be approximated uniformly by polynomials on K? An example of this is provided by power series expansions. We recall that if f is a holomorphic function in a disc D, then it has a power series expansion f(z) = ∑∞ n=0 anz n that converges uniformly on every compact set K ⊂ D. By taking partial sums of this series, we conclude that f can be approximated uniformly by polynomials on any compact subset of D. In general, however, some condition on K must be imposed, as we see by considering the function f(z) = 1/z on the unit circle K = C. Indeed, recall that ∫
Regulation of Microtubule Dynamics by Bim1 and Bik1, the Budding Yeast Members of the EB1 and CLIP-170 Families of Plus-End Tracking Proteins

Bim1 promotes microtubule assembly in vitro, primarily by decreasing the frequency of catastrophes. In contrast, Bik1 inhibits microtubule assembly by slowing growth and, consequently, promoting catastrophes. These proteins interact to form a complex that affects microtubule dynamics in much the same way as Bim1 alone.