Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Arabian Journal of Business and Management Review (Kuwait Chapter)

Relationship marketing is emerging as a new phenomenon however; relationship oriented marketing practices date back to the pre-Industrial era. This study expressed that how relationship marketing helps to build the customer loyalty. Relationship marketing has been measured through following indicators such as trust, communication, commitment, and conflict handling. 122 questionnaires were administered to customers of banks and all of that questionnaire has been taken to evaluation. Relationship marketing contributes significantly to customer loyalty and predicts thirty percent of the variation found. Trust and communication in the relationship marketing contribute significantly to customer loyalty and customer loyalty is not contributed significantly by commitment and conflict handling in the relationship marketing. And, also there is a significant mean different in customer loyalty among different age groups.
The Benefits and Challenges of e-Health Applications: A Content Analysis of the South African context

Image binarization is the process of separation of pixel values into two groups, black as background and white as foreground. Thresholding can be categorized into global thresholding and local thresholding. This paper describes a locally adaptive thresholding technique that removes background by using local mean and standard deviation. Most common and simplest approach to segment an image is using thresholding. In this work we present an efficient implementation for threshoding and give a detailed comparison of Niblack and sauvola local thresholding algorithm. Niblack and sauvola thresholding algorithm is implemented on medical images. The quality of segmented image is measured by statistical parameters: Jaccard Similarity Coefficient, Peak Signal to Noise Ratio .
Covariance Structure of Sri Lankan Share Market Returns

: Covariance measures the dependence between two or more random variables. Stock market is a population consist mutually exclusive subsets (business sectors). Elements within these subsets are homogeneous in nature of business and heterogeneous between subsets. These sub sets or elements of the sub sets are not independent. Therefore occurrence or non occurrence of one event may depend on the others. This study focused on identifying the covariance structure of the Sri Lankan share market and making use it for forecasting returns. Covariance between individual company returns, sector returns and total market returns were studied and regression analysis was conducted between variables with significant relationships.
Voltage Stability Augmentation And Active Power Loss Reduction By Hybrid Evolutionary Firefly Optimization Algorithm

: This paper presents an algorithm for solving the multi-objective reactive power dispatch problem in a power system. Modal analysis of the system is used for static voltage stability assessment. Loss minimization and maximization of voltage stability margin are taken as the objectives. Generator terminal voltages, reactive power generation of the capacitor banks and tap changing transformer setting are taken as the optimization variables. Global optimization methods play an important role to solve many real-world problems. However, the implementation of single methods is excessively preventive for high dimensionality and nonlinear problems, especially in term of the accuracy of finding best solutions and convergence speed performance. In recent years, hybrid optimization methods have shown potential achievements to overcome such challenges. In this paper, a new hybrid optimization method called Hybrid Evolutionary Firefly Algorithm (HEFA) is proposed. The method combines the standard Firefly Algorithm (FA) with the evolutionary operations of Differential Evolution (DE) method to improve the searching accuracy and information sharing among the fire flies. In order to evaluate the proposed algorithm, it has been tested on IEEE 30 bus system and compared to other specified algorithms.
Factors Affecting Sleeping Pattern with Reflection on Quality of Life among Patients with Chronic Heart Failure

: Sleeping is a basic and vital human need. It affects different dimensions of individuals' quality of life and health. There are several factors affecting sleeping pattern as; some chronic disease e.g. chronic heart failure which might be associated with disturbances of sleeping pattern. So, it is essential to identify these factors in order to specify the avoidable ones and make a corrective nursing action to control over them with a final aim of improving patient's quality of life. Accordingly, this study is aiming to identify factors affecting sleeping pattern with reflection on quality of life among patients with chronic heart failure. A descriptive correlational research design was adopted. A purposeful sample including 59 patients was recruited from one of the Teaching Hospitals in Cairo according to inclusion and exclusion criteria. Three tools were used: First: Patient's demographic data assessment tool. Second: Sleeping pattern and factors affecting it assessment tool, and third: Patient's quality of life assessment tool. Results: proved that, slightly more than one tenth of the studied sample had very good sleeping pattern, while approximately one third had fairly good sleeping pattern, and the rest had either fairly bad or very bad sleeping pattern. The most important factors that affect sleeping pattern and could be avoided are types of medication and their schedule, as well as environmental factors. However, the most dominant non-avoidable factors that affect sleeping pattern were breathing related complaints. Finally, a positive highly statistically significant relation was proved between total quality of sleeping pattern and total quality of life among patients. This study concluded that, there are non-avoidable and avoidable factors which affected negatively on the patient's sleeping pattern. The avoidable factors could be properly managed to improve the patients' sleeping pattern and improve their quality of life. Based on the findings of this study, it is recommended to deliver awareness sessions for the nurses regarding the importance of assessing factors affecting sleeping pattern negatively in order to develop corrective actions aiming to support patients and their families. It is also recommended to repeat the study on a wider scale in order to make generalization of the findings.
How do headphone checks impact perception data?

Headphone checks have rapidly become an assumed part of best practices in online perception studies. Do they actually improve our ability to find phonological patterns? This study attempts to replicate several perceptual effects that depend on different aspects of the acoustic signal, testing whether requiring participants to pass two commonly used headphone checks (Huggins pitch perception, Milne et al., 2021; dichotic loudness perception, Woods, Siegel, Traer, & McDermott, 2017) impacts the results or the sample population being used. Participants who pass the Huggins check exhibit a larger effect of spectral tilt on perceived vowel duration, but no other effects were strengthened by either headphone check. Headphone checks actually resulted in a weaker effect of coda voicing on perceived vowel duration. A look at who is excluded by the headphone checks shows that both of them produce exclusions that are imbalanced by participants’ age, gender, education, and geographic region. These imbalanced exclusions have the potential to impact experimental results in a range of ways. Thus, while headphone checks are likely to be valuable for some types of experiments, for others they might have unintended effects, and for many studies they are unlikely to have any substantial effect on the results.
Cutaneous haptic feedback for robotics and Virtual Reality

], [55], [57]. It is composed of a supernumerary robotic ﬁnger and a wearable cutaneous ﬁnger interface, called hRing [ 9]. The picture shows the integrated system used by a patient in Activities of Daily Living (ADL). The hRing controls the opening/closing motion of the robotic ﬁnger and provides the wearer with information about the forces exerted by the robotic ﬁnger.
Money supply, inflation and economic growth of Sri Lanka: co-integration and causality analysis

Purpose – GDP growth, money growth and inflation are essential to an economy ’ s macroeconomic stability and have a direct impact on the policymaking process. Sri Lanka is currently concerned about high inflation. Inflation is a monetary phenomenon. Inflation has been caused by monetary policy in several nations. According to the economic theories of Karl Marx, Irving Fisher and Milton Friedman, a continuous increase in the money supply causes inflation. This paper aims to investigate the relationship between Sri Lanka ’ s GDP growth, money growth and inflation. Design/methodology/approach – AneconometricmodelandtheeconomictheoriesofFisherandFriedman are used to figure out how money supply, inflation and economic growth are linked. Between 1990 and 2021, data were gathered from secondary sources. Findings – The increaseinthe moneysupplyisfoundtocauseinflation.Inflationhasnegativeeffectsonboth short-and long-term economic growth. Long-term, the increase in money supply has a negative effect on economic growth. Research limitations/implications – According to research, the money supply and inflation are inextricablylinked,andthemoneysupplyhasadirectimpactoneconomicgrowth.Asaresult,thegovernment shouldhaveanappropriatemonetarypolicyandproposalstocontrolinflationlevelsandstimulateeconomicgrowth. Originality/value – Thepaperaddstotheexistingliteratureintwoways.First,itfillsinthelackofstudiesin Sri Lanka, where there are no papers on this important relationship, especially with a modern econometric study. Second, it tries to shed light on the asymmetric shocks (both positive and negative shocks and changes) between the three variables, which was not done in previous studies.
High entropy oxide electrodes with ionic liquid electrolyte

Metal-based high entropy oxides are considered promising electrode materials for use in Li-ion batteries. In this work, the most widely studied high entropy oxide Mg 0.2 Ni 0.2 Cu 0.2 Co 0.2 Zn 0.2 O (M-HEO) with rock salt structure was successfully synthesized by Modified Pechini synthesis, characterized by X-ray diffraction analysis, and investigated as anode active material (negative electrode) in a coin cell. M-HEO has the concept of entropy stabilisation of crystal structure in oxide system with the configurational entropy value of 1,6R which confirmed that M-HEO classified as high entropy oxide. To test the electrochemical performance, full cells comprising M-HEO as anode, lithium manganese oxide (LMO) as cathode together with ionic liquid electrolyte were assembled to explore their potential for practical applications. The electrochemical cycling performance was studied by two electrochemical experiments which are three-electrode cyclic voltammetry and galvanostatic charge/discharge. The cyclic voltammetry measurement was used to determine the behaviour of the system such as potential window and scan rate, while galvanostatic charge/discharge was used to determine the performance of the battery over time by applying constant current. The results demonstrate that high entropy oxide possess a stable structure. This points out the direction for the preparation of M-HEOs with stable structure and excellent performance and provides a promising candidate for anode materials for LIBs.
EXTERNAL RESOURCES INFLOWS AND ECONOMIC GROWTH IN NIGERIA

: The world today exhibits the attribute of a single economic entity. In most instances, scholars refer to it as global economy. Global economy is deepened by increasing activities of producers, traders and financial markets actors beyond national boundaries. Thus, the paper investigates the effect of external resources inflow on the economic growth in Nigeria from 1986 to 2021. The Real Gross Domestic Product (RGDP) served as the dependent variables while foreign direct investment (FDI), foreign portfolio investment (FPI), personal remittances (PRR), official development assistance (ODA) and external debt inflow (EDI) as the explanatory variables to proxy external resources inflow in the economic model. These variables were analyzed using the descriptive statistics, unit root test, bound cointegration test as well as ARDL modelling techniques. Data for the empirical analysis were sourced from secondary sources like World Development Indicator (WDI) and Central Bank of Nigeria (CBN) Statistical Bulletin (Various-Issues). The analyses of the data revealed that foreign direct investment enhance output while foreign portfolio investment does not. Furthermore, it was found that, Personal remittances official development assistance and External debt inflow reduces economic growth too. The paper therefore concludes that external resources inflow have not enhanced the economic growth in Nigerian significantly within the period under review. The paper does recommends that government should encourage FDI inflows by offering tax incentives, infrastructure subsidies, import duty exemptions and other measures will make FDI to boost economic growth in Nigeria. Government should make favourable trade policies and investment conditions friendlier to boost continuous inflow of foreign portfolio investment in Nigeria.
Seismic behavior of joints of prefabricated steel reinforced concrete integral frame

The seismic behavior of joints of the prefabricated steel reinforced concrete integral frame has been investigated based on the experiment and analysis of 2 groups of full-sized joint specimens, under cyclic loading.Each group contains 2 specimens, in which the first group is the interior joints designed as weak connection and the second group is the exterior joints designed as strong connection, and a specimen in the second group is treated with dog-bone style weakening on the upper and lower flanges of the H-type steel at the beam end near the joint core. The test results show that the ductility factors of the 4 specimen joints are from 5.1 to 7.27, which meet the requirement of the ductile frame in seismic design, and their equivalent viscous damping coefficients at the maximum loads are from 0.19 to 0.34, tests indicate that the energy dissipation is quite higher. The analyzed results show that in the condition of the same axial compression ratio, all the 2 groups specimens present better ductility, but the capacity of energy dissipation of the second group specimens is clearly higher than that of the first group specimens. When the dog-bone style weakening is taken on the flanges of the H-type steel at the beam end near the joint, the plastic hinge of the beam may be transferred from the root of beam end to the weakened position, thus the seismic behavior of the joints may be improved effectively.
Characterization of the benthic biogeochemical dynamics after flood events in the Rhône River prodelta: a data–model approach

Abstract. At the land–sea interface, the benthic carbon cycle is strongly influenced by the export of terrigenous particulate material across the river–ocean continuum. Episodic flood events delivering massive sedimentary materials can occur, but their short-term impact on carbon cycling is poorly understood. In this paper, we use a coupled data–model approach to estimate the temporal variations in sediment–water fluxes, biogeochemical pathways and their reaction rates during these abrupt phenomena. We studied one episodic depositional event in the vicinity of the Rhône River mouth (NW Mediterranean Sea) during the fall–winter of 2021/22. The distributions of dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC), sulfate (SO42-) and methane (CH4) were measured in sediment porewaters collected every 2 weeks before and after the deposition of a 25 cm sediment layer during the main winter flood event. Significant changes in the distribution of DIC, SO42- and CH4 concentrations were observed in the sediment porewaters. The use of an early diagenetic model (FESDIA) to calculate biogeochemical reaction rates and fluxes revealed that this type of flood event can increase the total organic carbon mineralization rate in the sediment by 75 % a few days after deposition. In this period, sulfate reduction is the main process contributing to the increase in total mineralization relative to non-flood deposition. The model predicts a short-term decrease in the DIC flux out of the sediment from 100 to 55 mmolm-2d-1 after the deposition of the new sediment layer with a longer-term increase by 4 %, therefore implying an initial internal storage of DIC in the newly deposited layer and a slow release over relaxation of the system. Furthermore, examination of the stoichiometric ratios of DIC and SO42- as well as model output over this 5-month window shows a decoupling between the two modes of sulfate reduction following the deposition – organoclastic sulfate reduction (OSR) intensified in the newly deposited layer below the sediment surface, whereas anaerobic oxidation of methane (AOM) intensified at depth below the former buried surface. The bifurcation depth of sulfate reduction pathways, i.e., the sulfate–methane transition zone (SMTZ), is shifted deeper by 25 cm in the sediment column following the flood deposition. Our findings highlight the significance of short-term transient biogeochemical processes at the seafloor and provide new insights into the benthic carbon cycle in the coastal ocean.
Negation Scope Reﬁnement via Boundary Shift Loss

Negation in language may affect many NLP applications, e.g., information extraction and sentiment analysis. The key sub-task of negation detection is negation scope resolution which aims to extract the portion of a sentence that is being negated by a negation cue ( e.g., key-word “not” and “never”) in the sentence. Due to the long spans, existing methods tend to make wrong predictions around the scope boundaries. In this paper, we propose a simple yet effective model named R-BSL which engages the Boundary Shift Loss to reﬁne the predicted boundary. 1 On multiple benchmark datasets, we show that the extremely simple R-BSL achieves best results.
Putting the F in FBD analyses: tree constraints or morphological 1 data ? 2

14 The fossilized birth-death (FBD) process provides an ideal model for inferring phylogenies from 15 both extant and fossil taxa. Using this approach, fossils (with or without character data) are 16 directly considered as part of the tree. This leads to a statistically coherent prior on divergence 17 times, where the variance associated with node ages reflects uncertainty in the placement of fossil 18 taxa in the phylogeny. Since fossils are typically not associated with molecular sequences, additional 19 information is required to place fossils in the tree. Previously, this information has been provided 20 in two different forms: using topological constraints, where the user specifies monophyletic clades 21 based on established taxonomy, or so-called total-evidence analyses, which use a morphological data 22 matrix with data for both fossil and extant specimens in addition to the molecular alignment. In 23 this work, we use simulations to evaluate these different approaches to handling fossil placement in 24 FBD analyses, both in ideal conditions and in datasets including uncertainty or even errors. We also 25 explore how rate variation in fossil recovery or diversification rates impacts these approaches. We 26 find that the extant topology is well recovered under all methods of fossil placement. Divergence 27 times are similarly well recovered across all methods, with the exception of constraints which 28 contain errors. These results are consistent with expectations: in FBD inferences, divergence times 29 are mostly informed by fossil ages, so variations in the position of fossils strongly impact these 30 estimates. On the other hand, the placement of extant taxa in the phylogeny is driven primarily 31 by the molecular alignment. We see similar patterns in datasets which include rate variation, 32 however one notable difference is that relative errors in extant divergence times increase when 33 more variation is included in the dataset, for all approaches using topological constraints, and 34 particularly for constraints with errors. Finally, we show that trees recovered under the FBD 35 model are more accurate than those estimated using non-FBD (i.e., non-time calibrated) inference. 36 This result holds even with the use of erroneous fossil constraints and model misspecification under 37 the FBD. Overall, our results underscore the importance of core taxonomic research, including 38 morphological data collection and species descriptions, irrespective of the approach to handling 39 phylogenetic uncertainty using the FBD process. 40
Context-dependent alarm signalling in an insect

Animals often respond to danger by raising alarm to inform others. Alarm signals come in many different forms, such as visual or mechanical display, sound or odour. Some animals produce vocal alarm signals that vary with the level of danger. For chemical alarm signals, virtually nothing is known about such context‐dependent signalling due to a general notion that alarm pheromones have fixed compositions. Here, we show that larvae of the Western flower thrips (Frankliniella occidentalis) produce an alarm pheromone whose composition varies with the level of danger they face: the presence of a relatively harmless predator or a very dangerous preda‐ tor, that is either actually attacking or not. The frequency of alarm pheromone excretion increases with the level of danger. Moreover, the composition of excreted alarm pheromone varies in the relationship between total and relative amount of the putative two components, decyl acetate (DAc) and dodecyl acetate (DDAc). When pheromone is excreted with a predator present but not attacking, the percentage DDAc increases with the total amount of pheromone. When a predator does attack, how‐ ever, the relationship between percentage DDAc and total amount of pheromone is reversed. Taken together, the alarm signal of thrips larvae appears to be context‐dependent. Unpublished manuscript 84 CHAPTER 5 Paulien-chap5_Nicola-chap3.qxd 11/05/2015 01:27 Page 84