Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Major histocompatibility complex class II expression distinguishes two distinct B cell developmental pathways during ontogeny

All mature B cells coexpress major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class II molecules, I-A and I-E, which are restriction elements required for antigen presentation to CD4+ T cells. However, the expression of class II during the early stages of B cell development has been unclear. We demonstrate here that there is a difference in the expression of class II during murine B cell development in the fetal liver and adult bone marrow (BM). These differences define two distinct B cell developmental pathways. The Fetal-type (FT) pathway is characterized by pre-B and immature IgM+ B cells generated in the fetal liver which initially lack all class II expression. In contrast, the Adult-type (AT) pathway is typified by B cells developing in the adult BM which express class II molecules from the pre-B cell stage. In vitro stromal cell cultures of sorted fetal liver and adult BM pro-B cells indicated that the difference in I-A expression during B cell development is intrinsic to the progenitors. In addition, we show that FT B cell development is not restricted to the fetal liver but occurs in the peritoneal cavities, spleens, liver, and BM of young mice up to at least 1 mo of age. The AT B cell development begins to emerge after birth but is, however, restricted to the BM environment. These findings indicate that there are two distinct B cell developmental pathways during ontogeny, each of which could contribute differentially to the immune repertoire and thus the functions of B cell subsets and lineages.
A Shallow Text Processing Core Engine

In this article we present SMES–SPPC, a high–performance system for intelligent extraction of structured data from free text documents. SMES–SPPC consists of a set of domain–adaptive shallow core components that are realized by means of cascaded weighted finite–state machines and generic dynamic tries. The system has been fully implemented for German; it includes morphological and on–line compound analysis, efficient POS–filtering, high–performance named–entity recognition and chunk parsing based on a novel divide–and–conquer strategy. The whole approach proved to be very useful for processing free word order languages such as German. SMES–SPPC has a good performance (more than 6000 words per second on standard PC environments) and achieves high linguistic coverage, especially for the divide–and–conquer parsing strategy, where we obtained an f–measure of 87.14% on unseen data.
APA with evolving order and variable step-size for echo cancellation

Variable step-size APA (VSS-APA) has become one of the most popular algorithm in the application of acoustic feedback cancellation, the step of VSS-APA is adjusted based on the error vector magnitude, which leads to faster convergence and smaller steady-state error. However, the high computational complexity of this algorithm limits its wide application. The computational complexity of APA is tremendously growth with the projection order increasing, to reduce the computational complexity, we propose a evolving projection order (E-APA) version based on VSS-APA, called VSS-E-APA. The simulation results indicate that the proposed algorithm obtains a much reduced numerical complexity with faster convergence and lower misalignment.
Deformed Products and Maximal Shadows of PolytopesNina Amenta

We present a construction of deformed products of polytopes that has as special cases all the known constructions of linear programs with \many pivots," starting with the famous Klee-Minty cubes from 1972. Thus we obtain sharp estimates for the following geometric quantities for d-dimensional simple polytopes with at most n facets: the maximal number of vertices on an increasing path, the maximal number of vertices on a \greedy" greatest increase path, and the maximal number of vertices of a 2-dimensional projection. This, equivalently, provides good estimates for the worst-case behaviour of the simplex algorithm on linear programs with these parameters with the worst-possible, the greatest increase, and the shadow vertex pivot rules. The bounds on the maximal number of vertices on an increasing path or a greatest increase path unify and slightly improve a number of known results. One bound on the maximal number of vertices of a 2-dimensional projection is new: we show that a 2-dimensional projection of a d-dimensional polytope with n facets may have as many as (n bd=2c) vertices for xed d. This provides the same bound for the worst-case behaviour of the simplex algorithm with the shadow vertex pivot rule. The maximal complexity of shadows in xed dimension is also relevant for problems of Computational Geometry. We give a new algorithm for the construction of the shadow of a d-dimensional polytope. However, we nd that for even d 4 the polars of cyclic polytopes, C d (n) , which have the maximal number of vertices for any given n, do not maximize the shadow: for example, any 2-dimensional projection of C 4 (n) has not more than 3n vertices.
Dairy stock development and milk production with smallholders.

Dutch experiences wi th assisting livestock development from 1978-1 984were published in 1987 and categorized in 5 phases: 1) supply of l ivestock and 2) large scale dairy farming; 3) small-scale farming and 4) the integrated approach; and 5) the importance of a macro-economic and agro-ecological frame work. The new Dutch policy view on livestock development in developing countries is briefly explained together with recent developments in dairying in selected countries. The National Dairy Development Project in Kenya is highlighted wi th its "zero grazing" package. Farm Liquidity Budget Form and Dairy Extension and Advice Forms. Dairy developments in Tanzania are described from the early attention to the large-scale farming sector towards livestock/dairy development programmes in Kagera and Tanga regions wi th integrated components of heifer breeding units, training, extension and veterinary supplies, attention to women farmers and a special credit scheme called Heifer-in-Trust. For Sri Lanka the efforts in dairy stock supply, training, extension, straw utilization, dairying in new settlement areas, calf rearing schemes, small-scale milk processing under a low milk price regime are discussed. Technical comments as well as questions asked by socio-economists on Operation Flood are presented for India. Dairy development in East Java, Indonesia is reviewed for the period 1 9801990 wi th a large influx of imported cattle against the provision of feeds and price developments over t ime. The paper concludes wi th prerequisites for dairy development in Asia and Africa: a producer friendly pricing environment, attention to surplus rural milk, integration of programme components including the internal generation of dairy stock, credit schemes for the rural poor and women, Napier grass and leguminous fodder tree development. 1 Paper presented, on behalf of the Directorate General of International Development Cooperation, at the FAO seminar held in Harare in July 1993 on Dairy Development Policy and Implementation: sharing experiences between Africa and Asia (De Jong and Zwart, 1994). 2 Scientific project officer of the Department of Tropical Animal Production, Agricultural University, P.O. Box 338, 6700 AH Wageningen, the Netherlands. 3 Head of the Department of Tropical Animal Production, Agricultural University, P.O. Box 338, 6700 AH Wageningen, the Netherlands. DGIS experiences in dairy development in Africa and Asia 57
Constructivism and non‐western science education research

In this paper it is argued that science education research and curriculum development efforts in non‐western countries can benefit by adopting a constructivist view of science and science learning. The past efforts at transferring curricula from the West, and local development projects that result in curricula only marginally different from western curricula, stem from an acultural view of science. These efforts also ground science learning in concepts of logical thinking rather than understanding. The resulting level of science learning, however, has not met expectations. Constructivism offers a very different view of science and science learning. It assumes that logical thinking is an inherently human quality regardless of culture, and instead focuses attention on the processes of interpretation that lead to understanding. Constructivism leads on to expect that students in different cultures will have somewhat different perspectives on science. Science education research should inform curriculum project.
Impact of interference on throughput in dense WLANs with multiple APs

The popularity of wireless local area networks (WLANs) has resulted in their dense deployments around the world. While this increases capacity and coverage, the problem of increased interference can severely degrade the performance of WLANs. However, the impact of interference on throughput in dense WLANs with multiple access points (APs) has had very limited prior research. This is believed to be due to 1) the inaccurate assumption that throughput is always a monotonically decreasing function of interference and 2) the prohibitively high complexity of an accurate analytical model. In this work, firstly we provide a useful classification of commonly found interference scenarios. Secondly, we investigate the impact of interference on throughput for each class based on an approach that determines the possibility of parallel transmissions. Extensive packet-level simulations using OPNET have been performed to support the observations made. Interestingly, results have shown that in some topologies, increased interference can lead to higher throughput and vice versa.
Fuzzy-DDE: a fuzzy method for the extraction of document cluster descriptors

Good cluster descriptors facilitate the efficient stor- age and retrieval of information. In particular, when the im- precision and uncertainty of textual information is considered, the extraction of cluster descriptors, which represent the com- patibility of a document with a cluster in a more precise way, is a challenging problem. Therefore, in this paper we present the method named Fuzzy-DDE (Fuzzy method for document descriptors extraction), by which two issues are addressed: (1) how to consider the imprecision and uncertainty present in the document clustering and (2) how to extract cluster descriptor from this kind of information. The experimental evaluation shows that the insertion of the information about the compat- ibility of a document with a cluster improves the fuzzy clus- ter descriptor extraction. Furthermore, the proposed method demonstrate its usefulness and effectiveness not only as a de- scriptor extraction, but also as a feature selection method for document categorization.
Arabidopsis Germination in HFR 1 Sequesters PIF 1 to Govern the Transcriptional Network Underlying Light-Initiated Seed

This information is current as of October 31, 2013 Supplemental Data http://www.plantcell. org/content/suppl/2013/10/21/tpc.113. 117424.DC1. html Permissions https://www.copyright. com/ccc/openurl.do? sid=pd_hw1532298X&issn=1532298X&WT. mc_id=pd_hw1532298X eTOCs http://www.plantcell. org/cgi/alerts/ctmain Sign up for eTOCs at: CiteTrack Alerts http://www.plantcell. org/cgi/alerts/ctmain Sign up for CiteTrack Alerts at: Subscription Information http://www.aspb. org/publications/subscriptions.cfm is available at: Plant Physiology and The Plant Cell Subscription Information for
Designing a Super-Peer semantic Network based on Hierarchical Clusters

In super-peer semantic network, when a new peer joins the network, the peer will use the semantic feature of local share documents to select super-peers. In traditionally networks, client-peers use the semantic feature of clusters in peers to select the super-peers to connect. But the clusters are fixed, general, single-level, and not effective to represent the features of all documents. And, while selecting super-peers to connect, the client-peer cannot select some relative clusters in different level accord to the semantic categories of super-peers semantic group. In this paper, a Super-Peer semantic Network based on Hierarchical Clustering Tree (HCTSPN) is presented. First, an improved hierarchical clustering algorithm for organizing the share documents in a client-peer is proposed. Secondly, the method of constructing a super-peer semantic network based on hierarchical clustering tree and search mechanism are proposed. Finally, the experiments are implemented, and the results show that search efficiency and retrieval quality are improved in the network.
A Reliable Multi-Channel Measurement Based on ECG for Atherosclerosis Assessment

For two non-invasive measurements, Pulse Wave Velocity by Digital Volume Pulse and Pulse Wave Velocity by Digital Volume Pulse Easy, only a few minutes are needed for self arterial stiffness assessment. But since they have some limitations for those who are not healthy, ECG is used in this study are the common reference point for performance enhancement. Fifteen subjects without cardiovascular disease are included for PWV measurements on six positions on the body. The PWV value on the ear is the smallest, and the toe is the largest. In addition, the PWV values on the six regions have no consistency to each other, so subjects may have smaller PWV in a region than others, which means this region is ok for arterial stiffness, but we still need to know PWV values of other parts. For both sides and on all regions, all subjects’ average PWV has a high correlation. Keywords-PWV; ECG; non-invasive; homecare
Online Education for Lifelong Learning: A Silent Revolution

This book was edited by, Yukiko Inoue, professor of educational research at the University of Guam, where she teaches online and face-to-face courses. It was published by Information Science Publishing in 2007. The authors of the chapters in this book are selected from different universities from Guam, Australia, Turkey and Greece. Online education has provided considerable opportunities for all people in lifelong learning. People who use online learning materials has interactive medium for lifelong learning. The aim of this book is to examine online environment in terms of development, implementation, theories, technology and case studies. It provides theoretical and practical information about online lifelong learning; consequently, it can appeal to researchers, practitioners, online learners and anyone interested in online lifelong learning. This book covers 14 chapters divided into five sections. CONTENTS OF THE BOOK Foreword Preface SECTION
Experiments to confront the environmental extremes of climate change

Extreme climate conditions can dramatically alter ecosystems and are expected to become more common in the future; however, our understanding of species and ecosystem responses to extreme conditions is limited. We must meet this challenge by designing experiments that cover broad ranges of environmental stress, extending to levels well beyond those observed currently. Such experiments are important because they can identify physiological, community, and biogeochemical thresholds, and improve our understanding of mechanistic ecological responses to climate extremes. Although natural environmental gradients can be used to observe a range of ecological responses, manipulation experiments – including those that impose drought and heat gradients – are necessary to induce variation beyond common limits. Importantly, manipulation experiments allow for determination of the cause and effect of species and ecosystem threshold responses. We present a rationale and recommendations for conducting extreme experiments that extend beyond the historical and even the predicted ranges of environmental conditions.
The Dearth of Technology Leadership Coverage

This study focused on understanding the extent to which technology leadership is discussed, framed, and given voice in the fields of educational leadership and educational administration. To do this, we collected data and conducted content analyses on conference programs from three leading professional organizations in the field and on a selection of professional journals spanning 1997 to 2009. We found 2.12% of American Educational Research Association presentations had a technology leadership focus, compared to 2.94% for the University Council for Educational Administration and 7.40% for the National Council of Professors of Educational Administration. After determining the 25 most often-cited journals in the field, we found that 43 articles in these journals had a focus on technology leadership, most often centering on technology integration, staff development, and technology policy. Suggestions for moving forward are included.
Cooperative Precoding and Beamforming for Co-Existing Multi-User MIMO Systems

Interference among multiple base stations that co-exist in the same location limits the capacity of wireless networks. In this paper, we propose a nonlinear multi-user MIMO cooperative downlink transmission scheme. The algorithm eliminates the interference and achieves symbol error rate (SER) fairness among different users. To eliminate the interference, Tomlinson Harashima precoding (THP) is used to cancel part of the interference while the transmit-receive antenna weights cancel the remaining part. The uplink-downlink duality principle is used to calculate transmit-receive antenna weights. The proposed scheme is then extended to work when the receiver does not have complete Channel State Informations (CSIs). The simulation results show that the proposed schemes considerably outperform existing cooperative transmission schemes in terms of SER performance and approach an interference free performance under the same configuration.
IR remote sensing image registration based on multi-scale feature extraction

Infrared remote sensing image has poor contrast and lower SNR so that real-time and robustness are not superior in image registration. In order to solve it, a novel registration based on Multi-scale feature extraction is proposed in this paper. This algorithm is designed in two aspects. Firstly, Gaussian convolution template size adjusts adaptively with the increasing of scale factors. Then the Multi-space is reconstructed. Secondly, feature points bidirectional matching based on the City-block distance is introduced into image registration. So the real-time performance and robustness are enhanced further. Finally, the experimental results showed that by this improved algorithm the infrared remote sensing images are registered more quickly and accurately than by traditional SIFT algorithm.
Ambiguity Aversion in a Multitask Moral Hazard Framework

This article explores the consequences of ambiguity aversion on multitask moral hazard. The optimal contract for a wide set of parameters is characterized and closed-form solutions are derived. The setting allows for dierent distributions of (bounded) noise, finite state spaces, heterogeneous levels of ambiguity and ambiguity aversion. Although ambiguity aversion is now quite established in the literature, applications to a contract theory framework have been relatively scarce. Finally the article scrutinises the comparative statics of the model. It is shown that ambiguity may lead to a lower level of incentives than risk. Additionally, the principal’s expected utility decreases. Consequently the principal might prefer a more objective and less ambiguous performance measure, even if this is a slightly distortionary measure of the real performance. In terms of risk sharing the less ambiguity averse a party is, the more uncertainty she bears. JEL classifications: D80, D86
Characterizing Accuracy and Performance Tradeoffs in Graph Sampling for Graph Property Computations

In this thesis, we present a systematic way to characterize the tradeoffs between accuracy and cost in graph sampling. This characterization is heavily dependent on graph structure. Here we focus on vector graph properties, which consist of a value per node in the graph (e.g., PageRank, degree). We present a new technique for assessing the accuracy of a property based on the algorithm used to compute it. Next, we describe how to interpret several features of accuracy-performance tradeoff curves. Finally, we present our analysis of actual accuracy-cost curves for both real-world and synthetic graphs. Conclusions from the analysis include that the structure of a graph is more important than its scale for the purposes of sampling, and that different structures require different sampling approaches.
Validated Simulation for Cloud Scheduler Engineering

Researchers have contributed promising new techniques for allocating cloud resources in more robust, efficient, and ecologically sustainable ways. Unfortunately, the wide-spread use of these techniques in production systems has, to date, remained elusive as their evaluation frequently relies on exploratory, modeldriven simulation only. We present a new methodology that complements existing model-driven simulation with platform-specific and statistically validated quantitative results. We simulate systems at scales and on time frames that are testable, and then, based on the statistical validation of these simulations enable investigation of scenarios beyond those feasibly observable in practice.
Diagrammatic Reasoning about Actions Using Artificial Potential Fields

In this paper we propose a diagrammatic framework, as a way of performing spatial reasoning about dynamic scenarios. Our proposal is based on intrinsically dynamic models, that act as some sort of mental simulation, a "mental movie" of the evolution of the represented world. This simulation is generated starting from some reference "pictures", or "snapshots" of the represented situation (that we call icons). Icons are interpolated by suitable generative processes, and they drive the dynamic simulation. The mechanism that interpolates icons in mental simulations is based on the model of artificial potential fields (APFs). APFs are a well-known method used for motion planning in Robotics. We show that the use of APFs can be extended to different domains, in order to face various problems of spatial reasoning and planning. In the paper we present our method by describing and discussing a series of examples, concerning both spatial reasoning and the interaction of reasoning with perception.
Semantically Enriched POI as Ontological Foundation for Web-Based and Mobile Spatial Applications

While developing a Web-based travel planning system, the necessity to implement a mobile component has been identified. Such a conception is aimed at a comprehensive support of a workflow that enables users to plan a trip in advance using the Web-based application, but to modify the original plan wherever and whenever they want while carrying out the journey. Within both components, Point-of-Interest (POI) plays a significant role to determine a tour. It is one claim of this chapter that the relevance of POI is dependent on the perspective of a user. As a consequence, the originally used POI database was replaced by a POI ontology which promised to support the workflow more comprehensively. This conceptual change raised several questions concerning the domain dependence of the POI ontology on the one side and universal aspects of the ontology on the other. DOI: 10.4018/978-1-4666-0327-1.ch008