Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The impact of remittances on household consumption: evidence from Morocco

: Remittances play a very important role in a country's economic growth and development, while at the same time having a substantial impact on improving household well-being at the microeconomic level. This paper uses propensity score matching as an econometric model to assess the impact of remittances on household consumption. The main source of the analysis is the National Survey on Household Consumption and Expenditure (ENCDM) conducted by the High Commission for Planning (HCP) during the period 2013-2014. This method consists of associating each household that has received remittances from a Moroccan Resident Abroad (MRA) with a household with similar demographic, socio-economic and geographical characteristics but which, for its part, has not received remittances. The results show that there is a significate and positive relationship between remittances and consumption. As an additional income, remittances increase household consumption expenditure which indicates that higher the level of remittances, higher would be the consumption. As a consequence, these remittances decrease household poverty levels.
Determinants of the timeliness of income tax administrative case proceedings of large Brazilian banks in the country’s Administrative Council of Tax Appeals

This research analyzes the determinants of the timeliness of administrative case proceedings within Brazil’s Administrative Council of Tax Appeals (CARF) involving the six major Brazilian banks. The study specifically focus on cases related to profit taxation and withheld income tax, emphasizing the role of accounting. Grounded in the need to optimize public administration and ensure tax justice, this analytical study examines cases concluded between January 2000 and December 2021. Methodologically, we analyze the final decisions and the use of ordinary legal appeals. The results confirm the significant impact of these elements on the duration of the cases. These findings suggest a need to simplify tax procedures to expedite resolutions, thus leading to a more efficient tax administration, with a substantial contribution from the field of accounting.
An evaluation and regional error modeling methodology for near‐real‐time satellite rainfall data over Australia

In providing uniform spatial coverage, satellite‐based rainfall estimates can potentially benefit hydrological modeling, particularly for flood prediction. Maximizing the value of information from such data requires knowledge of its error. The most recent Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission (TRMM) 3B42RT (TRMM‐RT) satellite product version 7 (v7) was used for examining evaluation procedures against in situ gauge data across mainland Australia at a daily time step, over a 9 year period. This provides insights into estimating uncertainty and informing quantitative error model development, with methodologies relevant to the recently operational Global Precipitation Measurement mission that builds upon the TRMM legacy. Important error characteristics highlighted for daily aggregated TRMM‐RT v7 include increasing (negative) bias and error variance with increasing daily gauge totals and more reliability at detecting larger gauge totals with a probability of detection of <0.5 for rainfall < ~3 mm/d. Additionally, pixel location within clusters of spatially contiguous TRMM‐RT v7 rainfall pixels (representing individual rain cloud masses) has predictive ability for false alarms. Differences between TRMM‐RT v7 and gauge data have increasing (positive) bias and error variance with increasing TRMM‐RT estimates. Difference errors binned within 10 mm/d increments of TRMM‐RT v7 estimates highlighted negatively skewed error distributions for all bins, suitably approximated by the generalized extreme value distribution. An error model based on this distribution enables bias correction and definition of quantitative uncertainty bounds, which are expected to be valuable for hydrological modeling and/or merging with other rainfall products. These error characteristics are also an important benchmark for assessing if/how future satellite rainfall products have improved.
The Programa Subsidio de Alimentos in Mozambique: Baseline Evaluation

The Food Subsidy Programme (Programa Subsidio de Alimentos, PSA) is the main basic social protection programme of the government of Mozambique in terms of coverage. It was established in 1990 to help the destitute elderly (women above 55 and men above 60), people living with a disability, the chronically sick and their dependants by providing a monthly cash transfer. The programme falls under the mandate of the Ministry for Women and Social Action (MMAS), while implementation is the responsibility of the National Institute for Social Action (INAS), the Ministry? s executing agency. By the end of 2008, the PSA covered 143,455 households with a total of 287,454 beneficiaries. The main direct beneficiaries were the elderly (93 per cent), followed by people living with disabilities (6 per cent) and the chronically ill (1 per cent). The general eligibility criteria are: age, residency for more than six months in the selected area, per capita earnings less than the minimum benefit on the PSA scale, and/or recognised by medical declaration to be chronically ill or living with a disability. Potential beneficiaries are selected by a local intermediary (known as a Permanente) chosen by the community and appointed by INAS, after which the application undergoes an approval process within the INAS delegation. Although the PSA is a national programme, it does not reach the entire eligible population and its coverage is unequally distributed across districts. This is the result of the absence of an expansion strategy based on poverty incidence and population density. Expansion of the PSA was initially restricted to urban areas in order to mitigate the effects of the post-war structural adjustment programme on the urban population (Low et al., 1999). Currently, expansion to remote rural areas is a programme priority. The programme? s administrative cost is considered high relative to the amount transferred to the beneficiaries (Ellis, 2007). Though the programme is the largest in terms of the number of beneficiaries, its coverage is low relative to the potential universe of beneficiaries. Expansion of the programme tends to diminish the administrative costs in relative terms. In 2008, the PSA underwent two important reforms. First, the subsidy scale increased. The subsidy amount for the first (direct) beneficiaries rose from 70 to 100 meticais (US$2.5 to US$3.6), and the additional benefit for dependants increased from 10 to 50 meticais (US$0.36 to US$1.80) per dependant up to four. The second reform was the greater focus on the inclusion of eligible dependants as indirect beneficiaries in the payment scheme, and the monitoring and evaluation system. Though it is a relatively old programme, it has never been evaluated before. An opportunity to conduct an evaluation has arisen in the context of the reforms. This Policy Research Brief seeks to improve knowledge of the PSA by presenting the first part of the PSA impact evaluation? that is, the summary of the baseline report.
Credit Caed Fraud Detection with Automated Machine Learning Systems

- Electronic trade or web based business is a plan of action that lets organizations and people over the web trade anything. As of late, in the age of the Internet and sending to E-business, parts of information are put away and moved starting with one area then onto the next. Information that moved can be presented to risk by fraudsters. There is an enormous expansion in misrepresentation which is prompting the deficiency of a huge number of dollars worldwide consistently. There are different current methods of distinguishing extortion that is consistently proposed and applied to a few business fields. The primary undertaking of Fraud identification is to notice the activities of huge loads of clients to recognize undesirable conduct. To recognize these different sorts, information mining strategies and AI to have been proposed and carried out to decrease down the assaults. A quite some time ago, numerous strategies are used for misrepresentation discovery framework like Support Vector Machine (SVM), K-closest Neighbor (KNN), neural organizations (NN), Fuzzy Logic, Decision Trees, and numerous more. This large number of methods have yielded respectable outcomes yet expecting to further develop the precision even further, by fostering the actual strategies or by utilizing a crossover learning approach for distinguishing cheats.
Sensible and Latent Heat Flux Measurements over the Ocean

Abstract This papar presents an extensive act of sensible heat (Reynolds flux and dissipation methods) and latent heat (dissipation method) flux measurements from a stable deep water tower and from ships on the deep sea. Operational difficulties associated with ship spray and flow distortion and with sensor calibration, response and contamination are discussed. The influence of atmospheric stability on the dissipation measurements and the bulk transfer coefficients is considered and a parameterization of Z/ L in terms of wind speed and the sea-air potential temperature difference is found to be adequate. Temperature variances, Stanton numbers and w–t cospectra from the Roynolds flux measurements are compared to previous results. The dissipation method is shown to be a viable means of measuring the heal fluxes over the deep sea by comparison with simultaneous Reynolds flux measurements, using our data for the sensible heat and the data of others for the latent heat. The neutral drag coefficient at 10 m hei.
Visualization for text-based research in philosophy

Conceptual analysis and close reading form an important part of philosophy research. A researcher focuses on an individual text passage from a collection of works to analyse its full interpretation. This can be a very time-consuming process if this is done manually since it is often also involved with complex work that have a high conceptual density. The analysis can lead to the generation of hypotheses based on contradicting text passage interpretations. This thesis introduces BolVis, an interactive visualization tool for text-based research in philosophy that can be used to accept or reject these hypotheses. We designed and implemented a prototype that uses semantic similarity search on individual words, phrases and sentences. The visualization allows investigators to quickly discover the most relevant parts of the corpus corresponding to their search query and provides functionalities that makes the exploration of the semantic context easier. We apply our tool to a corpus containing the works of polymath Bernard Bolzano (1781-1848) consisting of around 11,000 pages to show the beneﬁts of BolVis.
A NEW METHOD OF MOBILE ROBOT NAVIGATION: SHORTEST NULL SPACE

In this paper, a new method was proposed for the navigation of a mobile robot in an unknown dynamic environment. The robot could detect only a limited radius of its surrounding with its sensors and it went on the shortest null space (SNS) toward the goal. In the case of no obstacle, SNS was a direct path from the robot to goal; however, in the presence of obstacles, SNS was a space around the robot where fewer or no obstacles existed. In every time step, the robot went to null space. The simulation of robot navigation by SNS method showed that SNS can be a simple and very robust method.
GMAC: A simple measure to quantify upper limb use from wrist-worn accelerometers

Various measures have been proposed to quantify upper-limb use through wrist-worn inertial measurement units. The two most popular traditional measures of upper-limb use -- thresholded activity counts (TAC) and the gross movement (GM) score suffer from high sensitivity and specificity, respectively. We had previously proposed a hybrid version of these two measures -- the GMAC -- that showed better overall detection performance. However, the previously proposed GMAC used both accelerometer and gyroscope data and used the same parameter values from the TAC and GM measures. In this paper, we aim to answer two important questions to improve the usefulness of the GMAC measure: (a) can the GMAC measure be implemented using only the accelerometer data? (b) what are the optimal parameter values for the GMAC measure? We propose a modified version of the GMAC that works with only accelerometer data, and optimize this measure's parameters. This optimized GMAC showed better detection performance than the previously proposed GMAC and surprisingly had comparable performance to that of the best-performing machine learning-based measure (random forest inter-subject model). Although intra-subject machine learning-based measures perform better than the optimized GMAC, the latter is simpler, well suited for real-time upper-limb use detection, and is the best option when a trained machine learning-based intra-subject model or labeled data is unavailable. The optimized GMAC measure can be a useful measure for either offline detection or for real-time detection and feedback of upper limb use.
Retention of uninfected red blood cells causing congestive splenomegaly is the major mechanism of anemia in malaria

Abstract Splenomegaly frequently occurs in patients with Plasmodium falciparum (Pf) or P. vivax (Pv) malarial anemia, but mechanisms underlying this co‐occurrence are unclear. In malaria‐endemic Papua, Indonesia, we prospectively analyzed red blood cell (RBC) concentrations in the spleen and spleen‐mimetic retention in 37 subjects splenectomized for trauma or hyperreactive splenomegaly, most of whom were infected with Plasmodium. Splenomegaly (median 357 g [range: 80–1918 g]) was correlated positively with the proportion of red‐pulp on histological sections (median 88.1% [range: 74%–99.4%]; r = .59, p = .0003) and correlated negatively with the proportion of white‐pulp (median 8.3% [range: 0.4%–22.9%]; r = −.50, p = .002). The number of RBC per microscopic field (>95% uninfected) was correlated positively with spleen weight in both Pf‐infected (r = .73; p = .017) and Pv‐infected spleens (r = .94; p = .006). The median estimated proportion of total‐body RBCs retained in Pf‐infected spleens was 8.2% (range: 1.0%–33.6%), significantly higher than in Pv‐infected (2.6% [range: 0.6%–23.8%]; p = .015) and PCR‐negative subjects (2.5% [range: 1.0%–3.3%]; p = .006). Retained RBCs accounted for over half of circulating RBC loss seen in Pf infections. The proportion of total‐body RBC retained in Pf‐ and Pv‐infected spleens correlated negatively with hemoglobin concentrations (r = −.56, p = .0003), hematocrit (r = −.58, p = .0002), and circulating RBC counts (r = −.56, p = .0003). Splenic CD71‐positive reticulocyte concentrations correlated with spleen weight in Pf (r = 1.0; p = .003). Retention rates of peripheral and splenic RBCs were correlated negatively with circulating RBC counts (r = −.69, p = .07 and r = −.83, p = .008, respectively). In conclusion, retention of mostly uninfected RBC in the spleen, leading to marked congestion of the red‐pulp, was associated with splenomegaly and is the major mechanism of anemia in subjects infected with Plasmodium, particularly Pf.
Physiological Adaption of Winter Wheat Seedling’s Root to Soil Drought

Deals with the physiological adaption of winter wheat seedling’s root to soil drought. The results showed that root water potential, root RWC and root activity decreased with soil water decreasing, and root WSD, soluble sugar content, proline content, the permeability of plasma membrane, and SOD activity, POD activity in root of Luomai 9133 and Jimai 21 increased with soil water decreasing. In conclusion, winter wheat seedling’s root increased drought-resistance by physiological changes in root, such as water potential, RWC and root activity reduced, soluble sugar content and proline content increased, and SOD and POD activity enhanced, etc. On the basis of above physiological changes in root, winter wheat seedling adapted to soil drought.
Characterization of materials used for 3D printing dental crowns and hybrid prostheses.

OBJECTIVES To compare the filler weight percentage (wt%), filler and resin composition, flexural strength, modulus, and hardness of several 3D-printed resins to direct and indirect restorative materials. MATERIALS AND METHODS Four 3D-printed resins (C&B MFH, Ceramic Crown, OnX, and OnX Tough), one milled resin composite (Lava Ultimate), one conventional composite (Filtek Supreme), and one ceramic (IPS e.max CAD) were evaluated. Filler wt% was determined by the burned ash technique, and filler particle morphology and composition were analyzed by scanning electron microscopy and energy-dispersive spectroscopy, respectively. Organic resin composition was analyzed by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. Three-point bend flexural strength and modulus of the materials were determined by ISO 4049 or ISO 6872. Vickers microhardness was measured. Data were compared with a one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) and Tukey post hoc analysis. Linear regression analysis was performed for filler wt% versus flexural strength, modulus, and hardness. RESULTS 3D-printed resins were composed of various sized and shaped silica fillers and various types of methacrylate resins. Significant differences were found among filler wt% with some materials around 3% (C&B MFH), others between 33% and 38% (OnX Tough and OnX), others around 50% (Ceramic Crown), and some around 72% (Filtek Supreme and Lava Ultimate). All 3D-printed resins had significantly lower flexural strength, modulus, and hardness than the conventional and milled resin composites and ceramic material (p < 0.001). Filler wt% demonstrated a linear relationship with modulus (p = 0.013, R2 = 0.821) and hardness (p = 0.018, R2 = 0.787) but not flexural strength (p = 0.056, R2 = 0.551). CONCLUSIONS 3D-printed resins contain from 3% to 50% filler content. Filler wt% alone does not affect flexural strength, but strength may be affected by resin composition as well. Although the 3D-printed resins had lower flexural strength, modulus, and hardness than milled and conventional composite and ceramic, they demonstrated nonbrittle plastic behavior. CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE The properties of 3D-printed resins vary based on their composition, which affects their clinical applications.
SIRT2 transgenic over‐expression does not impact lifespan in mice

The NAD+‐dependent deacylase family of sirtuin enzymes have been implicated in biological ageing, late‐life health and overall lifespan, though of these members, a role for sirtuin‐2 (SIRT2) is less clear. Transgenic overexpression of SIRT2 in the BubR1 hypomorph model of progeria can rescue many aspects of health and increase overall lifespan, due to a specific interaction between SIRT2 and BubR1 that improves the stability of this protein. It is less clear whether SIRT2 is relevant to biological ageing outside of a model where BubR1 is under‐expressed. Here, we sought to test whether SIRT2 over‐expression would impact the overall health and lifespan of mice on a nonprogeroid, wild‐type background. While we previously found that SIRT2 transgenic overexpression prolonged female fertility, here, we did not observe any additional impact on health or lifespan, which was measured in both male and female mice on standard chow diets, and in males challenged with a high‐fat diet. At the biochemical level, NMR studies revealed an increase in total levels of a number of metabolites in the brain of SIRT2‐Tg animals, pointing to a potential impact in cell composition; however, this did not translate into functional differences. Overall, we conclude that strategies to enhance SIRT2 protein levels may not lead to increased longevity.
Climate implications of biomass appropriation: Integrating bioenergy and animal feeding systems

A review of biomass use by humans and the greenhouse gas (GHG) implications of using biomass to supply energy services is presented. Human appropriation of global terrestrial net primary productivity is a ratio of appropriation and production; it currently stands at 15-30% of NPP. Over half of used biomass is fed to animals, while equal amounts are eaten directly by humans and burned for energy services. Published estimates of the potential for biomass to supply global energy services vary widely, but a range of 200-500 EJ/ yr has been proposed that considers limitations due to water scarcity, food demand and biodiversity protection. With respect to climate change, uncertainty regarding soil carbon storage capacity, nitrous oxide (N2O) emissions, and emissions from land use change (LUC) influence the attractiveness of biomass energy (bioE) for GHG abatement. While humans have altered terrestrial biomass patterns for millennia, recent rates of carbon emissions from LUC have been relatively large. In the US, expanded biomass production for bioE could exacerbate the already unsustainable use of water for irrigation, although substantial opportunities exist for increased irrigation efficiency. I calculate that plausible life cycle GHG balances for annual and perennial bioE feedstocks in the Unites States (US) are 14 and 7 g CO2eq/ MJ, respectively, not including any land use or C stock changes. The influence of biofuel policies on land use change and the degree to which C storage in terrestrial ecosystems can reduce cost of climate change abatement is reviewed. I conclude Chapter 1 with an estimate that appropriating all US biomass exports and all roughage fed to beef cattle would supply about 8 EJ of bioE feedstock. 1.1 Primary production of biomass Autotrophs such as trees and grasses are living organisms which use light (electromagnetic radiation) as an energy source in order to build complex organic materials (e.g. carbohydrates). The organic compounds produced by autotrophs are referred to as “primary production”. Gross primary production is a measure of the amount of organic matter produced, and includes the 1 Some organisms harness energy stored in the chemical bonds of inorganic compounds (e.g. H2S and NH3) to function and build new biomass, and use CO2 as the carbon source. These chemoautotrophes are often found around under-ocean thermal vents and other extreme environments. They are primary producers as long as their inorganic energy sources are produced within the Earth’s interior (not biogenic).