Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
MIKE: A Double Echelle Spectrograph for the Magellan Telescopes at Las Campanas Observatory

The Magellan Inamori Kyocera Echelle (MIKE) is a double echelle spectrograph designed for use at the Magellan Telescopes at Las Campanas Observatory in Chile. It is currently in the final stages of construction and is scheduled for commissioning in the last quarter of 2002. In standard observing mode, the blue (320-480 nm) and red (440-1000 nm) channels are used simultaneously to obtain spectra over the full wavelength range with only a few gaps in wavelength coverage at the reddest orders. Both channels contain a three-group set of all-spherical, standard optical glass and calcium fluoride lenses which function as both camera and collimator in a double pass configuration. A single, standard echelle grating is used on each side and is illuminated close to true Littrow. Prism cross-dispersers are also used double-pass, and provide a minimum separation between orders of 6 arcsec. Spectral resolution is 19,000 and 25,000 on the red and blue sides, respectively, with a 1 arcsec slit. Typical rms image diameter is less than 0.2 arcsec, so that resolution increases linearly with decreasing slit width. The standard observing mode will use a slit up to 5" long, however a fiber-fed mode will also be available using blocking filters to select the desired orders for up to 256 objects at a time. In this paper, we describe the optical and mechanical design of the instrument.
Early Life Stress, Coping, and Cardiovascular Reactivity to Acute Social Stress

ABSTRACT Objective Early life stress (ELS) occurring during childhood and adolescence is an established risk factor for later cardiovascular disease and dysregulated reactivity to acute social stress. This study examined whether ELS associations with baseline cardiovascular functioning, cardiovascular stress reactivity and recovery, and emotional stress reactivity vary across levels of emotion-oriented, task-oriented, and avoidant coping styles. Methods The sample included 1027 adolescents and young adults (mean age = 19.29 years; 50% female; 64% Black, 34% non-Hispanic White) who reported on their ELS exposure and coping styles. Participants completed a standardized acute social stress test (the Trier Social Stress Test [TSST]), with heart rate (HR) and blood pressure (BP) measured before, during, and after the TSST. Self-reports of negative emotions during the TSST indexed emotional stress reactivity. Results Multiple regression models adjusting for demographic factors and body mass index showed that ELS was associated with lower HR stress reactivity, avoidant coping was related to lower systolic BP and diastolic BP during stress and lower systolic BP during recovery, and higher emotion-oriented coping and lower task-oriented coping predicted greater emotional stress reactivity. A consistent pattern emerged where emotion-oriented coping amplified the associations between ELS and maladaptive stress responses (blunted cardiovascular stress reactivity and recovery; enhanced emotional stress reactivity), whereas lower levels of emotion-oriented coping were associated with resilient profiles among those who experienced ELS (lower resting HR, lower emotional stress reactivity, average HR and BP stress reactivity and recovery). However, low levels of emotion-oriented coping also conferred a risk of higher BP during recovery for those with high levels of ELS. Conclusions These results suggest that low to moderate levels of emotion-oriented coping promote optimal cardiovascular and emotional reactivity to acute stress among individuals exposed to ELS.
Buoyancy of Convective Vertical Motions in the Inner Core of Intense Hurricanes. Part I: General Statistics

Abstract The buoyancy of hurricane convective vertical motions is studied using aircraft data from 175 radial legs collected in 14 intense hurricanes at four altitudes ranging from 1.5 to 5.5 km. The data of each leg are initially filtered to separate convective-scale features from background mesoscale structure. Convective vertical motion events, called cores, are identified using the criteria that the convective-scale vertical velocity must exceed 1.0 m s−1 for at least 0.5 km. A total of 620 updraft cores and 570 downdraft cores are included in the dataset. Total buoyancy is calculated from convective-scale virtual potential temperature, pressure, and liquid water content using the mesoscale structure as the reference state. Core properties are summarized for the eyewall and rainband regions at each altitude. Characteristics of core average convective vertical velocity, maximum convective vertical velocity, and diameter are consistent with previous studies of hurricane convection. Most cores are superi.
Le nom de marque déposée : nom propre, nom commun et terme

La classe des noms de marques deposees (desormais ND) est tres diversifiee, voire heterogene, et ne se superpose pas a l’une des categories lexicales traditionnellement reconnues. Elle s’inscrit en porte-a-faux relativement a la bipartition noms propres et noms communs, meme si cette derniere fait l’objet de debats et de renegociations. Le but de cet article est de montrer que la semiotique hybride des ND les fait participer aussi bien du regime du nom propre que de celui du nom commun ou du terme technique sans pour autant investir pleinement l’ensemble ou l’une des proprietes caracteristiques de ces unites. Nous envisagerons successivement les proprietes syntaxiques, referentielles, semantiques et juridiques des ND. A la diversite structurelle, correspond une heterogeneite semiotique qui fait de cette classe une pierre d’achoppement de la reflexion lexicologique.
Expert consensus guidance on respiratory physiotherapy and rehabilitation of patients with rib fractures: An international, multidisciplinary e-Delphi study

Read the new @CWISociety international expert consensus guidelines for the physiotherapy management of patients with rib fractures, now available online. #CWISociety #physiotherapy #ribfractures BACKGROUND There is limited research supporting optimal respiratory physiotherapy or physical rehabilitation strategies for patients with rib fractures. The aim of this study was to develop key recommendations for the physiotherapy management of patients with rib fractures. METHODS A three-round modified e-Delphi survey design, using an international Delphi panel including physiotherapy clinicians, researchers and lecturers, physician associates, trauma surgeons, and intensivists, was used in this study. The draft recommendations were developed by the Steering Group, based on available research. Over three rounds, panelists rated their agreement (using a Likert scale) with regard to recommendation for physiotherapists delivering respiratory physiotherapy and physical rehabilitation to patients following rib fractures. Recommendations were retained if they achieved consensus (defined as ≥70% of panelists ≥5/7) at the end of each round. RESULTS A total of 121 participants from 18 countries registered to participate in the study, with 87 (72%), 77 (64%), and 79 (65%) registrants completing the three rounds, respectively. The final guidance document included 18 respiratory physiotherapy and rehabilitation recommendations, mapped over seven clinical scenarios for patients (1) not requiring mechanical ventilation, (2) requiring mechanical ventilation, (3) with no concurrent fracture of the shoulder girdle complex, (4) with a concurrent fracture of the shoulder girdle complex, (5) with/without concurrent upper limb orthopedic injuries, (6) undergoing surgical stabilization of rib fractures, and (7) at hospital discharge. CONCLUSION This guidance provides key recommendations for respiratory physiotherapy and physical rehabilitation of patients with rib fractures. It could also be used to inform future research priorities in the field. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE Therapeutic/Care Management; Level IV.
Race, employment, and the pandemic: An exploration of covariate explanations of COVID-19 case fatality rate variance

We derive a simple asymptotic approximation for the long-run case fatality rate of COVID-19 (alpha and delta variants) and show that these estimations are highly correlated to the interaction between US State median age and projected US unemployment rate (Adj. r2 = 60%). We contrast this to the high level of correlation between point (instantaneous) estimates of per state case fatality rates and the interaction of median age, population density and current unemployment rates (Adj. r2 = 50.2%). To determine whether this is caused by a “race effect,” we then analyze unemployment, race, median age and population density across US states and show that adding the interaction of African American population and unemployment explains 53.5% of the variance in COVID case fatality rates for the alpha and delta variants when considering instantaneous case fatality rate. Interestingly, when the asymptotic case fatality rate is used, the dependence on the African American population disappears, which is consistent with the fact that in the long-run COVID does not discriminate on race, but may discriminate on access to medical care which is highly correlated to employment in the US. The results provide further evidence of the impact inequality can have on case fatality rates in COVID-19 and the impact complex social, health and economic factors can have on patient survival.
Association Between Foundation Strength and Weightlifting Exercises in Highly Trained Weightlifters: Support for a General Strength Component

Abstract Zecchin, A, Puggina, EF, Hortobágyi, T, and Granacher, U. Association between foundation strength and weightlifting exercises in highly trained weightlifters: support for a general strength component. J Strength Cond Res 37(7): 1375–1381, 2023—In addition to specific weightlifting exercises (i.e., clean and jerk and snatch), foundation strength exercises (i.e., overhead press, front squat, and deadlift) constitute an integral part of the weightlifters' training regime. The unexamined concept behind this training plan is that foundation strength exercises are associated with clean and jerk and snatch performance, implying the existence of a general strength component. We thus determined the relationship between performance in foundation strength exercises (overhead press, front squat, and deadlift) and weightlifting exercises (clean and jerk and snatch) in weightlifters. Well-trained weightlifters (N = 19, age: 26.8 ± 4.4 years; body mass index: 27.6 ± 2.3 kg·m−2; and training history: 4.6 ± 0.8 years) performed 1 repetition maximum tests (1RM) in foundation strength and weightlifting exercises, over 14 days, in a randomized order. We observed significant correlations in 1RM performance between the overhead press and snatch (r = 0.69), front squat and snatch (r = 0.73), overhead press and clean and jerk (r = 0.67), and front squat and clean and jerk (r = 0.72, all r values: p < 0.01). No significant correlations were found for 1RM performance between the snatch and deadlift or between the clean and jerk and deadlift (r-range: 0.20–0.58; p > 0.05). Stepwise linear regression revealed that 1RM performance in the overhead press and front squat explained 62% of the variance in snatch 1RM performance (F = 5.51; p < 0.04). Overhead press and front squat 1RM performance explained 59% of the variance in the clean and jerk 1RM performance (F = 5.14; p < 0.04). Our results demonstrate the existence of a general strength component between selected foundation strength exercises and weightlifting performance. However, the use of the front squat and overhead press to increase 1RM performance in weightlifting exercises needs to be determined in future research using a different methodological approach (i.e., longitudinal protocols), given that the observed correlations do not necessarily imply causation.
Risk Factors for Disabling and Nondisabling Neck Pain in a Large Cohort of Adolescents

Objectives Neck pain is extremely common and represents a substantial economic burden to our society. We aimed to investigate risk factors for nondisabling and disabling neck pain in a large cohort of Italian adolescents with a cross-sectional study. Design Six thousand two hundred eighty-one students (14–19 yrs old) answered an online questionnaire, investigating the following: anthropometric data, lifestyle-related items, neck pain frequency and intensity, need for medical examination, and several risk factors. Students who had to give up social activities because of neck complaints constituted the disabling neck pain group. Results Our findings revealed that sex, age, sports practice, hours of sleep, and family history were risk factors (P < 0.001) for neck pain in our cohort. Moreover, disabling neck pain group experienced neck pain more frequently (P < 0.001) and with higher levels of pain (P < 0.001) compared with the nondisabling group. The number of hours of sleep was the only risk factor that showed a trend to differ comparing the disabling neck pain group with the nondisabling neck pain one (P = 0.057). Conclusions Different risk factors for neck pain were detected in a very large cohort of adolescents. This study may pave the way for future prospective studies and for the development of preventive strategies for neck pain in adolescents. To Claim CME Credits Complete the self-assessment activity and evaluation online at http://www.physiatry. org/JournalCME CME Objectives Upon completion of this article, the reader should be able to: (1) Identify different risk factors for neck pain in adolescents; (2) Determine the differences between adolescents with nondisabling neck pain and disabling neck pain; and (3) Recognize that most risk factors for disabling neck pain are still unknown, but insufficient sleep quantity could potentially contribute to the development of this condition. Level Advanced Accreditation The Association of Academic Physiatrists is accredited by the Accreditation Council for Continuing Medical Education to provide continuing medical education for physicians. The Association of Academic Physiatrists designates this Journal-based CME activity for a maximum of 1.0 AMA PRA Category 1 Credit(s)™. Physicians should only claim credit commensurate with the extent of their participation in the activity.
Impact of pterygium on central corneal thickness measured by optical coherence tomography in older adults

Purpose To measure the central corneal thickness (CCT) using anterior segment optical coherence tomography (AS-OCT) in older adults with and without pterygium from the Brazilian Amazon Region Eye Survey (BARES). Methods BARES is a population-based epidemiological cross-sectional study conducted in Parintins city. Participants were residents ≥45 years of age identified through a door-to-door interview. Eligible participants were invited for a comprehensive eye exam. Pterygium occurrence and severity were assessed by ophthalmologists through slit-lamp examination considering its location (nasal or/and temporal) and severity (lesion with extension <3 mm, ≥3 mm not reaching the pupillary margin or ≥3 mm reaching the pupillary margin). CCTs were obtained and measurements from the more severely affected eye were included. Images were analyzed offline by masked observers. Results A total of 671 subjects, 533 (79.4%) with pterygium in at least one eye and 138 (20.6%) without pterygium in either eye, were examined. The mean CCT evaluated by multiple linear regression and adjusted for demographic variables and pterygium severity was 521 ± 34 μm (median = 521; range = 304–665). Decreased CCT was significantly associated with age and pterygium severity. Individuals aged 65–74 years had CCT 7 μm thinner than those aged 45–54 years (p = 0.044), individuals aged 75 years and older had CCT 15 μm thinner than those aged 45–54 years (p = 0.001), and eyes with severe pterygium had CCT 33 μm thinner than eyes without pterygium (p < 0.001). Conclusions The CCT analysis in this population-based sample shows that a thinner cornea is associated with pterygium severity and older age.
Latent Class Analysis of Depressive Symptom Phenotypes Among Black/African American Mothers

Background Depression is a growing global problem with significant individual and societal costs. Despite their consequences, depressive symptoms are poorly recognized and undertreated because wide variation in symptom presentation limits clinical identification—particularly among African American (AA) women—an understudied population at an increased risk of health inequity. Objectives The aims of this study were to explore depressive symptom phenotypes among AA women and examine associations with epigenetic, cardiometabolic, and psychosocial factors. Methods This cross-sectional, retrospective analysis included self-reported Black/AA mothers from the Intergenerational Impact of Genetic and Psychological Factors on Blood Pressure study (data collected in 2015–2020). Clinical phenotypes were identified using latent class analysis. Bivariate logistic regression examined epigenetic age, cardiometabolic traits (i.e., body mass index ≥ 30 kg/m2, hypertension, or diabetes), and psychosocial variables as predictors of class membership. Results All participants were Black/AA and predominantly non-Hispanic. Over half of the sample had one or more cardiometabolic traits. Two latent classes were identified (low vs. moderate depressive symptoms). Somatic and self-critical symptoms characterized the moderate symptom class. Higher stress overload scores significantly predicted moderate-symptom class membership. Discussion In this sample of AA women with increased cardiometabolic burden, increased stress was associated with depressive symptoms that standard screening tools may not capture. Research examining the effect of specific stressors and the efficacy of tools to identify at-risk AA women are urgently needed to address disparities and mental health burdens.
Nanoscale Multi-Line Patterning Using Sidewall Structure

A patterning technique to define nanoscale multiple lines is developed and optimized using sidewall structure. About 50 nm poly-Si multiple lines, which have 70 nm as one of the narrowest space, are defined by sidewall multi-line patterning technique. These patterns have a good uniformity (deviation 1.5–4.7 nm). In addition, we can control line/space of patterns very easily by sidewall width control in this technique. And this is free from the proximity effect because of the process using sidewall hard mask. So, it is expected that the sidewall multi-line patterning technique can be applied to fabricate single electron devices, quantum devices, and other nanoscale devices.
Association between Dietary Patterns and Serum Low Density Lipoprotein Cholesterol in Japanese Women and Men: The Japan Multi-Institutional Collaborative Cohort (J-MICC) Study

Aims: The association between dietary patterns and serum low density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol would be changing in recent dietary habits in Japan. We investigated the relationship between dietary patterns and serum LDL cholesterol in a large general population. Methods: From the baseline survey of Japan Multi-Institutional Collaborative Cohort Study between 2005 and 2013, 27,237 participants (13,994 were women) aged 35–69 years were cross-sectionally analyzed. Using a semi-quantitative food frequency questionnaire, five major sex-specific dietary patterns were identified using factor analysis. We assessed serum LDL cholesterol by quintiles of dietary pattern factor score. Results: We identified dietary patterns; “vegetable rich pattern” , “meat and fried food rich pattern” and “high bread and low rice pattern” in women and men; “fish and shellfish rich pattern” and “high confectioneries and low alcohol pattern” in men; “healthy Japanese diet pattern” and “high alcohol and low rice pattern” in women. Serum LDL cholesterol in men was associated with “high bread and low rice pattern” score (Q5 was 4.2 mg/dL higher than Q1,p for trend ＜0.001) and “high confectioneries and low alcohol pattern” scores (Q5 was 9.5 mg/dL higher than Q1,p for trend ＜0.001). In women, serum LDL cholesterol was associated with “high bread and low rice pattern” score (Q5 was 7.1 mg/dL higher than Q1,p for trend ＜0.001). Conclusion: Some recent dietary patterns in Japan were associated with serum LDL cholesterol. Serum LDL cholesterol was associated with high bread and low rice pattern in both sex, and high confectioneries and low alcohol pattern in men.
A Formula for the $A$-Polynomials of $(-2,3,1+2n)$-Pretzel Knots

for some l,m ∈ C. Note that any element of R can be conjugated to such a representation because λ and μ are commutative and that the Zariski closure of the image of the eigenvalue map ξ : RU → C2 defined by ξ(ρ) = (l,m) is an algebraic subset of C2. Let C1, C2, · · · , Ck be the one-dimensional components of the closure of ξ(RU ) and g1(l,m), g2(l,m), · · · , gk(l,m) ∈ Z[l,m] their defining polynomials which are supposed to be reduced. Then, the A-polynomial of M is defined by
Biological Burden of Adverse Childhood Experiences in Children

ABSTRACT Objective This study aimed to examine relationships between adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) and related life events and allostatic load (AL)—“wear and tear” from chronic stress—in a pediatric population. Methods Children were screened with the PEdiatric ACEs and Related Life Event Screener (PEARLS) tool, a 17-item questionnaire capturing experiences of abuse, neglect, household challenges, and related life events. Biological data were available for 207 participants, and AL was operationalized using clinical or empirical cutoff points across 4 physiological systems (i.e., cardiac, metabolic, inflammatory, neurologic). Covariate-adjusted multivariable regression models were used to examine associations between AL with adversity and health. Results Children (mean age = 6.5 years, range = 1–11 years) had an average AL score of 1.9 (standard deviation = 1.7), and a U-shaped relationship was observed with child’s age. Continuous PEARLS and original ACE scores were not associated with AL. However, children with a reported PEARLS score of 1 to 2 or original ACEs score of 1 to 3 had 1.5 (incidence rate ratio [IRR] = 1.50, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.09–2.08) and 1.4 (IRR = 1.41, 95% CI = 1.08–1.84) times greater AL, respectively, compared with participants with none reported. In secondary analyses, caregiver mental illness was associated with higher child AL (adjusted IRR = 1.27, 95% CI = 1.01–1.58). AL was also associated with poorer perceived child general health (adjusted β = −0.87, 95% CI = −1.58 to −0.15) and greater odds of child obesity (adjusted odds ratio = 1.51, 95% CI = 1.23–1.89). Conclusions Measuring AL in a pediatric population requires careful consideration of age. Higher AL was associated with a greater number of reported adversities and worse child health.