Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Manipulation of carbohydrate availability to promote training adaptations in endurance trained individuals

Salokannel, M. 2018. Manipulation of carbohydrate availability to promote training adaptations in endurance trained individuals, University of Jyväskylä, Master’s Thesis, Science of Sport Coaching and Fitness Testing, pp. 60. Training with low CHO availability has been shown to improve fat oxidation which is important for endurance performance by sparing glycogen. Therefore, the aim was to investigate whether performing high intensity interval training (HIIT) in the evening, followed by overnight fast and commencing low intensity training (LIT) in the following morning with low CHO availability will enhance training adaptations. First, pilot study was delivered to explore the acute effect of this strategy on fat oxidation. Training intervention was then delivered to investigate the effect of this strategy on endurance training adaptations. Subjects were endurance trained healthy males and females. Six subjects took part in the pilot study, which was delivered in crossover design. In that all subjects performed two HIIT-LIT combinations with staying either fasted after HIIT until finishing LIT or consumed food after HIIT and before LIT. Altogether 17 subjects completed training intervention, which included four-week training period, where HIIT-LIT training combination was performed twice a week. Subjects were divided into two groups: FASTED (stayed fasted after HIIT until finishing LIT) and FED (consumed food after HIIT and before LIT). Preand post-testing included VO2max test, anaerobic test, 60 min submaximal test to evaluate substrate oxidation and venous blood samples were taken. In the pilot study fat oxidation was higher during LIT (p<0.05) after staying fasted than when consuming food after HIIT and before LIT. After the intervention VO2max increased significantly in both groups (FASTED: 4±1%, FED: 5±2%, p<0.05) with same magnitude, whereas maximal speed was greater only in the FASTED group (p<0.05). Change in lactate concentrations were significantly higher in the FASTED than FED group after the VO2max test (p<0.05). The running time in the anaerobic test was improved in the FASTED group, but not in FED (from 64.1±5.2 s to 86.3±5.2 s and from 56.4±5.4 to 66.9±7.5 s, respectively). Substrate oxidation did not change after training period in either of the groups. HR was lower during submaximal test in the FASTED group after the intervention (p<0.05), whereas no change was found in the FED group (p>0.05). In conclusion, training with periodised CHO availability around specific training sessions do not hinder training adaptations and enhances the capacity to perform high intensity exercise and may promote other adaptations. We could speculate that the enhanced capacity to perform high intensity exercise is due to elevated muscle glycogen stores and enhanced glycolytic enzymes, however future studies are needed to verify this.
Migratory Dermal Dendritic Cells Act as Rapid Sensors of Protozoan Parasites

Dendritic cells (DC), including those of the skin, act as sentinels for intruding microorganisms. In the epidermis, DC (termed Langerhans cells, LC) are sessile and screen their microenvironment through occasional movements of their dendrites. The spatio-temporal orchestration of antigen encounter by dermal DC (DDC) is not known. Since these cells are thought to be instrumental in the initiation of immune responses during infection, we investigated their behavior directly within their natural microenvironment using intravital two-photon microscopy. Surprisingly, we found that, under homeostatic conditions, DDC were highly motile, continuously crawling through the interstitial space in a Gαi protein-coupled receptor–dependent manner. However, within minutes after intradermal delivery of the protozoan parasite Leishmania major, DDC became immobile and incorporated multiple parasites into cytosolic vacuoles. Parasite uptake occurred through the extension of long, highly dynamic pseudopods capable of tracking and engulfing parasites. This was then followed by rapid dendrite retraction towards the cell body. DDC were proficient at discriminating between parasites and inert particles, and parasite uptake was independent of the presence of neutrophils. Together, our study has visualized the dynamics and microenvironmental context of parasite encounter by an innate immune cell subset during the initiation of the immune response. Our results uncover a unique migratory tissue surveillance program of DDC that ensures the rapid detection of pathogens.
Winding Inductances of Fractional Slot Surface-Mounted Permanent Magnet Brushless Machines

Permanent magnet (PM) brushless machines equipped with fractional-slot concentrated-windings (FSCW) have been receiving considerable attention over the past few years, due to the fact that they have short end-windings, a high slot fill factor, a high efficiency and power density, and good flux- weakening and fault-tolerance capabilities. A key design parameter for such machines is the phase winding inductance since this has a significant impact on the performance, as well as on the magnitude of any reluctance torque. The paper describes a detailed investigation of the various components of the winding inductance in machines equipped with both overlapping and non- overlapping windings and different slot/pole number combinations. It also examines the influence of key design parameters, which affect the inductance components, with particular reference to the inductances of machines in which all the teeth are wound and those in which only alternate teeth are wound. It is shown that the main component of the winding inductance is the relatively large slot leakage component. Both analytical and finite element models are employed and predicted results are validated on several prototype machines.
SPECIES DIVERGENCE IN SEXUALLY SELECTED TRAITS: INCREASE IN SONG ELABORATION IS RELATED TO DECREASE IN PLUMAGE ORNAMENTATION IN FINCHES

Abstract Elaborate plumage and complex songs of male birds are two of the best-known examples of sexually selected traits, yet the interaction between these traits is poorly understood. Theory suggests that among a suite of potential displays, animals will emphasize traits that are most conspicuous, least costly, or best signal condition and reduce display of other traits. Here we examined the relationship between song and plumage elaborations in cardueline finches, songbirds that are highly variable in plumage displays and songs, but that share a similar mating system. We statistically controlled for body mass, habitat characteristics, and phylogenetic relationships and found that across species song complexity was strongly negatively related to elaboration of plumage ornamentation. When plumage coloration was partitioned into carotenoid-based and melanin-based components, song complexity was negatively related to elaboration of male carotenoid-based coloration but unrelated to elaboration of melanin-based coloration. These observations support the idea that, for condition-dependent traits, animal species trade off trait expression in response to changes in the costs or the information content of these traits. We discuss several alternative explanations for the observed pattern. Corresponding Editor: T. Smith
Exploiting inter-event stream correlations between output event streams of non-preemptively scheduled tasks

In this paper we present a new technique which exploits timing-correlation between tasks for scheduling analysis in multiprocessor and distributed systems with non-preemptive scheduled resources. Previously developed techniques also allow capturing and exploiting timing-correlation in distributed systems. However, they focus on timing correlations resulting from data dependencies between tasks. The new technique presented in this paper is orthogonal to the existing ones and allows capturing timing-correlations between the output event streams of tasks resulting from the use of a non-preemptive scheduling policy on a resource. We also show how these timing-correlations can be exploited to calculate tighter bounds for the worst-case response time analysis for tasks activated by such correlated event streams.
On History-Aware Multi-Activity Expertise Models

Durant l’evolution d’un projet de logiciel, les contributions individuelles d’un developeur present dans le projet vont lentement se faire remplacer par les contributions d’autre developeurs. Ceci engendrera l’erosion de l’empreinte des contributions de ce developeur. Bien que les connaissances de ce developeur n’ont pas disparu du jour au lendemain, pour une personne externe au projet, l’expertise de ce developeur est devenue invisible. Grace a une etude empirique sur une periode de 5 annees de developement de Linux, nous etudions le phenomene de l’erosion de l’expertise en creant un modele bidimentionnel. La premiere dimention de notre modele prend en compte les differentes activites entreprises par les membres de la communaute de developpement de Linux, comme les contributions en termes de code, les contributions aux revues de code soumit par d’autre developeurs, ou encore la soumission de code d’autres developeurs en amont. La deuxieme dimention de notre modele prend en compte l’historique des contributions citees plus haut pour chaque developeurs. En applicant ce modele, nous decouvrons que, bien que les empreintes de contributions de certain developeurs diminuent avec le temps, leurs expertise survit grace a leurs implications dans les divereses activites mentionees plus haut. ----------ABSTRACT: As software evolves, a maintainer’s contributions will gradually vanish as they are being replaced by other developers’ code, resulting in a slow erosion of the maintainer’s footprint in the software project. Even though this maintainer’s knowledge of the file did not disappear overnight, to outsiders, the maintainer and her expertise have become invisible. Through an empirical study on 5 years of Linux development history, this paper analyses this phenomenon of expertise erosion by building a 2-dimensional model of maintainer expertise involving a range of maintainer activity data on more than one release. Using these models, we found that although many Linux maintainers’ own coding footprint has regressed over time, their expertise is perpetuated through involvement in other development activities such as patch reviews and committing upstream on behalf of other developers. Considering such activities over time further improves recommendation models.
Estimation of doubly-selective channels in block transmissions using data-dependent superimposed training

We propose to estimate time-varying frequency-selective channels using data-dependent superimposed training (DDST) and a basis expansion model (BEM). The proposed method is an extension of the DDST-based method recently proposed for time-invariant channels. The superimposed training consists of the sum of a known sequence and a data-dependent sequence, which is unknown to the receiver. The data-dependent sequence cancels the effects of the unknown data on channel estimation. Simulation results show that the proposed method compares favorably with time-division multiplexing training.
Manufacturing Technology and Cost Estimation Research on Special Nozzle

During development process of the static mixer, design and manufacture of the nozzle is key and difficult. In satisfying product quality requirements, try to reduce the manufacturing cost, and shorten development cycle, are main goal of the product developers. This article carried out practical manufacturing technology research though the manufacturing processing design, machining method selection, quality testing, cost analysis of special nozzle, and so on. The results show that the manufacturing process and machining methods are the crucial factors influencing the product manufacturing costs, and reasonably planning manufacturing process, carefully selecting machining method is an important means of reducing manufacturing cost and shorten development cycle.
Serum Neopterin Is Not Increased in Obese Juveniles

Objective. Cardiovascular disease is associated with inflammation and immune activation, concentrations of immune activation markers like neopterin predict outcome in adults. Methods. Serum neopterin concentrations and early metabolic and pre-atherosclerotic symptoms were analyzed in 295 obese juveniles and 101 normal weight controls of similar age. Additionally, the influence of a 12 months weight reduction program on neopterin levels was investigated in 31 obese juveniles. Results. Intima-media thickness of common carotid arteries (IMT) and the concentrations of C-reactive protein (CRP) were increased in the obese juveniles (P < .001). Also triglycerides, oxidized LDL, fasted insulin levels, HOMA-index, leptin, liver transaminases and uric acid were increased compared to the controls. However, serum neopterin was decreased in the obese versus non-obese juveniles (P < .03). The intervention consisting of regular sports, nutritional devices, and a psychologic attendance led after 12 months to an increase of neopterin concentration (P < .05; paired test). Conclusions. Neopterin concentrations in juvenile obesity behaved considerably different from what was demonstrated in adults, levels did not correlate with metabolic and pre-atherosclerotic symptoms found in early phases although early vascular burden and chronic low grade inflammation was indicated by increased IMT and CRP. Neopterin concentrations increased after a 12 months intervention program.
Evaluation of Compliance in Control and Prevention Study of Vancomycin Resistant Enterococcus Outbreak

Objective. Vancomycin resistant enterococci (VRE) colonization and the spread decrease with compliance and isolation guidelines. For the isolation methods to succeed, compliance with the isolation guidelines needs to be overseen. In this study, VRE outbreak among the Pediatric Ward patients, the preventative efforts to control this outbreak, and the impact of scoring tables used in controlling this outbreak on the success are explained. Design. Rectal swab cultures were taken from patients who were admitted to the Ward between October and December 2010 due to diagnoses of VRE and urinary tract infection. Results. VRE were isolated in the rectal swab samples of 34 patients. VRE infection findings were clinically detected in two of the cases with VRE isolation. Two isolations of VRE were detected on cultures from patient room door handle surface and the telephone in the room for common use. Close contact isolation was achieved and barrier precautions were taken for all cases, as soon as the detections were made. A scoring system was developed to evaluate the feasibility of and the compliance with the precautions to be taken. Conclusions. With the method presented in this study, the outbreak at our hospital was under control within two months.
Quantifying the Effects of Aspect-Oriented Programming: A Maintenance Study

One of the main promises of aspect-oriented programming (AOP) is to promote improved modularization of crosscutting concerns, thereby enhancing the software stability in the presence of changes. This paper presents a quantitative study that assesses the positive and negative effects of AOP on typical maintenance activities of a Web information system. The study consists of a systematic comparison between the object-oriented and the aspect-oriented versions of the same application in order to assess to what extent each solution provides maintainable software decompositions. Our analysis was driven by fundamental modularity attributes, such as coupling, cohesion, conciseness, and separation of concerns. We have found that the aspect-oriented design has exhibited superior stability and reusability through the changes, as it has resulted in fewer lines of code, improved separation of concerns, weaker coupling, and lower intra-component complexity
Solow and Heterogeneous Labour: A Neoclassical Explanation of Wage Inequality

The paper analyzes the effect of human-capital investments of heterogeneous individuals on the dynamics of the wage structure within a neoclassical growth model. The accumulation of physical capital changes relative factor prices and thus incentives to acquire skills, thereby altering the composition of the labor force. Without relying on exogenous shocks, our framework generates dynamics that resembles several important observations on wage inequality (e.g., the non-monotone evolution of the skill premium). Additional incorporation of wage rigidities emphasizes the trade off between residual wage inequality and employment opportunities for unskilled labor that is consistent with country-specific evidence.
Histogram Based Circle Detection

Summary Circle detection is important for many applications. We propose a method for circle detection using a histogram based accumulator space. Our method uses a single accumulator space to find different size circles. It is tested to be robust and able to detect partial circles or circles in partial occlusion. The method is based on finding the distance transform between pixels and edge pixels in the image. A histogram is then used to count the frequency of the distances that participates in the accumulator space votes.
Biculturalism 101: A Self-Study Exploring Culturally Responsive Practice

ABSTRACT There has been strong advocacy for teacher educators to be culturally responsive in their teaching, but less attention has been focused on the process and journey of becoming more culturally responsive. In this self-study, two teacher educators enrolled in a year-long, foundation-level Māori language course to learn the indigenous language of their country. Putting themselves into roles as students in a bicultural context was a powerful way to learn about Māoritanga and culturally responsive pedagogy, which they then applied in their own teaching. Data were generated through regular reflective journal entries, with significant moments being identified, discussed, and shared with their critical friend. Discussion highlighted that interactions in a bicultural context generated a great deal more than rudimentary language skills. By incorporating aspects of their experiences into their teaching, Dawn and Alan were able to examine the rationale for their actions as an important commitment to modelling culturally appropriate pedagogy for their students. They acknowledge that their status will always be as “other” but they have respectfully navigated paths to ensure that they practice in ways that are sensitive and appropriate to their rich bicultural context.
Einstein’s Biggest Blunder? High‐Redshift Supernovae and the Accelerating Universe

Nearly 4 years ago, two teams of observational astronomers reported that high‐redshift Type Ia supernovae are fainter than expected in a decelerating or freely coasting universe. The radical conclusion that the universe has been accelerating in the past few billion years, possibly because of a nonzero value for Einstein’s cosmological constant, has gripped the worlds of astronomy and physics, causing a flurry of new research. Having participated on both teams (but much more closely with one than the other), here I provide a personal, historical account of the story.
A logarithmic-depth quantum carry-lookahead adder

We present an efficient addition circuit, borrowing techniques from classical carry-lookahead arithmetic. Our quantum carry-lookahead (QCLA) adder accepts two n-bitnumbers and adds them in O(log n) depth using O(n) ancillary qubits. We present bothin-place and out-of-place versions, as well as versions that add modulo 2n and modulo2n - 1. Previously, the linear-depth ripple-carry addition circuit has been the methodof choice. Our work reduces the cost of addition dramatically with only a slight increasein the number of required qubits. The QCLA adder can be used within current modularmultiplication circuits to reduce substantially the run-time of Shor's algorithm.
Evidence that phospholipase D mediates ADP ribosylation factor- dependent formation of Golgi coated vesicles

Formation of coatomer-coated vesicles from Golgi-enriched membranes requires the activation of a small GTP-binding protein, ADP ribosylation factor (ARF). ARF is also an efficacious activator of phospholipase D (PLD), an activity that is relatively abundant on Golgi- enriched membranes. It has been proposed that ARF, which is recruited onto membranes from cytosolic pools, acts directly to promote coatomer binding and is in a 3:1 stoichiometry with coatomer on coated vesicles. We present evidence that cytosolic ARF is not necessary for initiating coat assembly on Golgi membranes from cell lines with high constitutive PLD activity. Conditions are also described under which ARF is at most a minor component relative to coatomer in coated vesicles from all cell lines tested, including Chinese hamster ovary cells. Formation of coated vesicles was sensitive to ethanol at concentrations that inhibit the production of phosphatidic acid (PA) by PLD. When PA was produced in Golgi membranes by an exogenous bacterial PLD, rather than with ARF and endogenous PLD, coatomer bound to Golgi membranes. Purified coatomer also bound selectively to artificial lipid vesicles that contained PA and phosphatidylinositol (4,5)-bisphosphate (PIP2). We propose that activation of PLD and the subsequent production of PA are key early events for the formation of coatomer-coated vesicles.
Managing the construction and use of Functional Performance Models in a Grid environment

This paper presents a tool, the Performance Model Manager, which addresses the complexity of the construction and management of a set of Functional Performance Models on a computing server in a Grid environment. The operation of the tool and the features it implements to achieve this goal are described. Integration of Functional Performance Models with a GridRPC middleware, using the tool's interfaces is illustrated. Finally, an example application is used to demonstrate the construction of the models and experiments that show the benefit of using the detailed models are presented.
The Fate of Chromosomes and Alleles in an Allohexaploid Brassica Population

Production of allohexaploid Brassica (2n = AABBCC) is a promising goal for plant breeders due to the potential for hybrid heterosis and useful allelic contributions from all three of the Brassica genomes present in the cultivated diploid (2n = AA, 2n = BB, 2n = CC) and allotetraploid (2n = AABB, 2n = AACC, and 2n = BBCC) crop species (canola, cabbages, mustards). We used high-throughput SNP molecular marker assays, flow cytometry, and fluorescent in situ hybridization (FISH) to characterize a population of putative allohexaploids derived from self-pollination of a hybrid from the novel cross (B. napus × B. carinata) × B. juncea to investigate whether fertile, stable allohexaploid Brassica can be produced. Allelic segregation in the A and C genomes generally followed Mendelian expectations for an F2 population, with minimal nonhomologous chromosome pairing. However, we detected no strong selection for complete 2n = AABBCC chromosome complements, with weak correlations between DNA content and fertility (r2 = 0.11) and no correlation between missing chromosomes or chromosome segments and fertility. Investigation of next-generation progeny resulting from one highly fertile F2 plant using FISH revealed general maintenance of high chromosome numbers but severe distortions in karyotype, as evidenced by recombinant chromosomes and putative loss/duplication of A- and C-genome chromosome pairs. Our results show promise for the development of meiotically stable allohexaploid lines, but highlight the necessity of selection for 2n = AABBCC karyotypes.