Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Reconsidering Literary Autonomy: From an Individual towards a Relational Paradigm

The idea of autonomy has been constitutive of the development of modern literature. The central question occupying debates on literature’s social role is whether autonomy is inalienable. The debate between “autonomists” and “anti-autonomists” is however based on a distorted historical picture. It will be argued that the notion of “autonomy” emerged within an eighteenth-century “individual” paradigm that has according to the general history of ideas transformed into a “relational” paradigm. In the literary theory this shift has however not been conceptualized. The result is a theoretical impasse after the end of Romanticism in which autonomists and anti-autonomists are opposed.
Work Values and Organizational Commitment: A Study in the Asian Context

This paper seeks to investigate the association between work values and organizational commitment in the Asian context. Two major dimensions of work values, that is, intrinsic and extrinsic, were derived from a factor analysis of Wollack et al.'s scale. Organizational commitment was defined in terms of an individual's degree of identification and involvement in the work organization. This variable was measured using Porter et al.'s scale. The analysis suggested that intrinsic work values relate more closely to organizational commitment than either the global measure of work values or extrinsic work values.
An Adaptive Hierarchical Approach to the Extraction of High Resolution Medial Surfaces

We introduce a novel algorithm for medial surfaces extraction that is based on the density-corrected Hamiltonian analysis. The approach extracts the skeleton directly from a triangulated mesh and adopts an adaptive octree-based approach in which only skeletal voxels are refined to a lower level of the hierarchy, resulting in robust and accurate skeletons at extremely high resolution. The quality of the extracted medial surfaces is confirmed by an extensive set of experiments.
Child care and feminism in West Germany and Sweden in the 1960s and 1970s

Feminist welfare-state research has repeatedly pointed to the link between women’s social rights and the extent to which they are freed from family obligations. Thus the availability of sufficient extra-familial child care in order to combine work and family life should be a central claim of women activists. Swedish child-care politics of the 1960s and 1970s reflects this logic well: Swedish feminists lobbied intensely for the expansion of public child care. In West Germany, however, second-wave feminists made no major demand for child-care services: German feminist politics does not fit with the assumptions about women’s interests underlying most feminist research on welfare states. Rather than assuming a fixed set of women’s interests, this paper argues for a dynamic and contextualizing approach to women’s collective agency in modern welfare states. It is argued that national variations in feminist politics concerning women’s social rights are the result of differences in women’s collective identity formation and their reactions to historically specific political and discursive opportunity structures.
Administration of a highly attenuated, live respiratory syncytial virus vaccine to adults and children

A highly attenuated respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) experimental vaccine, RSV ts-2, was sequentially evaluated in adults, seropositive children, and finally, fully susceptible seronegative children. The vaccine was administered intranasally in doses ranging from 10(5.2) to 10(6.3) PFU/ml. In both adults and children, the vaccine proved to be poorly infectious. Although poor infectivity would not have been predicted from tissue culture studies of RSV ts-2 growth, the human experience closely parallels the experience in a series of animal models, including the chimpanzee. The poor infectivity of this RSV vaccine virus preparation suggests that the postulated defect in the RSV ts-2 fusion protein may be important in determining in vivo infectivity of RSV.
Pfiesteria piscicida and other Pfiesreria‐like dinoflagellates: Behavior, impacts, and environmental controls

Toxic Pfiesteria‐like dinoflagellates have been implicated as causative agents of major fish kills (affecting 103– 109 fish) in estuaries and coastal waters of the mid‐Atlantic and southeastern U.S. Transformations among an array of flagellated, amoeboid, and encysted stages in the complex life cycle of the representative species, Pfiesteria piscicida, are controlled by the availability of fresh secretions, blood, or other tissues of fish prey. P. piscicida also is a voracious predator on other estuarine microorganisms. Pfiesteria‐like dinoflagellates require an unidentified substance(s) commonly found in fresh fish excreta‐secreta to initiate toxin production. P. piscicida is lethal to fish at low cell densities (>250–300 cells ml−1), and at sublethal levels (∼100–250 cells m1−1) it has been shown to cause ulcerative fish diseases. P. piscicida also has been linked to serious human health impacts. This dinoflagellate is eurythermal and euryhaline, with optima for toxic activity by the most lethal stage (toxic zoospores, TZs) at ≥26°C and 15 psu, respectively. Thus far it has shown no light optimum and is capable of killing fish at any time during a 24‐h cycle. In warmer waters (≥ 15°C) flagellated stages predominate while fish are dying, whereas amoebae predominate in colder conditions and when fish are dead. Nutritional stimuli influencing P. piscicida are complex; inorganic phosphate apparently can directly stimulate TZs, whereas inorganic phosphate and nitrate indirectly promote increased production of nontoxic zoospores (NTZs, maintained in the absence of live fish, as potential precursors to lethal TZs) by stimulating their algal prey. Organic phosphate (Po) and nitrogen are taken up by P. piscicida osmotrophically, and Po is stimulatory to both TZs and NTZs. The available data point to a critical need to characterize the chronic and acute impacts of toxic Pfiesteria‐like dinoflagellates on fish and other targeted prey in estuarine and coastal waters that are adversely affected by cultural eutrophication.
To Optimize the Therapeutic Dose and Time Window of Picroside II in Cerebral Ischemic Injury in Rats by Orthogonal Test

The paper aims to optimize the therapeutic dose and time window of picroside II by orthogonal test in cerebral ischemic injury in rats. The forebrain ischemia models were established by bilateral common carotid artery occlusion (BCCAO) methods. The successful models were randomly divided into sixteen groups according to orthogonal experimental design and treated by injecting picroside II intraperitonenally at different ischemic time with different dose. The concentrations of neuron-specific enolase (NSE), neuroglial marker protein S100B and myelin basic protein (MBP) in serum were determined by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay to evaluate the therapeutic effect of picroside II in cerebral ischemic injury. The results indicated that best therapeutic time window and dose of picroside II in cerebral ischemic injury were ischemia 1.5 h with 20 mg/kg body weight according to the concentrations of NSE, S100B and MBP in serum. It is concluded that according to the principle of lowest therapeutic dose with longest time window, the optimized therapeutic dose and time window are injecting picroside II intraperitonenally with 20 mg/kg body weight at ischemia 1.5 h in cerebral ischemic injury in rats.
Sensor for Distance Estimation Using FFT of Images

In this paper, the problem of how to estimate the distance between an infrared emitter diode (IRED) and a camera from pixel grey-level intensities is examined from a practical standpoint. Magnitudes that affect grey level intensity were defined and related to the zero frequency component from the FFT image. A general model was also described and tested for distance estimation over the range from 420 to 800 cm using a differential methodology. Method accuracy is over 3%.
An inter-molecular adaptive collision scheme for Chemical Reaction Optimization

Optimization techniques are frequently applied in science and engineering research and development. Evolutionary algorithms, as a kind of general-purpose metaheuristic, have been shown to be very effective in solving a wide range of optimization problems. A recently proposed chemical-reaction-inspired metaheuristic, Chemical Reaction Optimization (CRO), has been applied to solve many global optimization problems. However, the functionality of the inter-molecular ineffective collision operator in the canonical CRO design overlaps that of the on-wall ineffective collision operator, which can potential impair the overall performance. In this paper we propose a new inter-molecular ineffective collision operator for CRO for global optimization. To fully utilize our newly proposed operator, we also design a scheme to adapt the algorithm to optimization problems with different search space characteristics. We analyze the performance of our proposed algorithm with a number of widely used benchmark functions. The simulation results indicate that the new algorithm has superior performance over the canonical CRO.
A Procedural Critique of Deontological Reasoning

This paper describes a prototype game that learns its rules from the actions and commands of the player. This game can be seen as an implementation and procedural critique of Kant’s categorical imperative, suggesting to the player that (1) the maxim of an action is in general underdetermined by the action and its context, so that an external observer will more often than not get the underlying maxim wrong, and that (2) most ingame actions are morally “wrong” in the sense that they do not contribute to wellbalanced game design. But it can also be seen as an embryo for an authoring tool for game designers, where they can easily and fluidly prototype new game mechanics.
Different Message-Framing for Different Direct Response Marketing Goals: Choice versus Attitude Formation

Understanding the process through which direct response appeals influence behavior should be a major focus of marketing research. Our thesis is that when constructing direct response offers, especially direct mail offers—with direct mail's maximal opportunity to tailor offers to different segments—one should consider not only behavior/response, but also attitude formation, in order to enhance long-run profitability. Current attitude formation often is reflected in future behavior. In this paper we consider several message framing tactics/communications, and study their impact on two different goals: choice and attitude formation. We use a carefully constructed fractional factorial design to study these framing factors simultaneously; we also study three categories/segments of prior category knowledge. We find that superior choices of framing tactics differ, depending on whether the goal is behavior or attitude formation, and that in addition, the effectiveness of these strategies is modified by prior category knowledge.
Current Conceptions of Sex Roles and Sex Typing: Theory and Research

Overview by D. Bruce Carter Theory and Measurement Issues in Sex Role Research Current Theoretical Issues in Sex Roles and Sex Typing by Jaipaul L. Roopnarine and Nina S. Mounts Measurement Issues in Sex Roles and Sex Typing by Michael S. Windle Lifespan Developmental Issues in Sex Roles and Sex Typing The Ontogeny and Phylogeny of Sex Difference in Development: A Biopsychosocial Synthesis by Kathryn E. Hood, Patricia Draper, Lisa J. Crokett, and Anne C. Petersen Sex Role Development and Early Educational Experiences by Ruth L. Wynn and Christine Fletcher Socialization of Sex Roles within the Family by Beverly I. Fagot and Mary D. Leinbach The Roles of Peers in Sex Role Socialization by D. Bruce Carter The Roles of Cognition in Sex Role Acquisition by Carol Lynn Martin and Charles F. Halverson Gender and Conversation: Mixing and Matching Styles by Laura A. McCloskey Sex Roles in Adulthood and Old Age by Jan D. Sinnott Implications of Sex Roles and Sex Typing Sex Roles and Labor Force Participation by Susan R. Borker Two-Paycheck Families: Psychological Responses to Social Change by Joan S. Rabin Sex Roles and Adjustment by Jerome B. Dusek Future Directions for Sex Role Research Adolescence: Gateway to Gender-Role Transcendence by Jacquelynne S. Eccles Sex Role Research and the Future: New Directions for Research by D. Bruce Carter Bibliography Subjecct Index Author Index
Intracellular ionic consequences of dietary salt loading in essential hypertension. Relation to blood pressure and effects of calcium channel blockade.

To study the ionic basis of salt sensitivity in hypertension, 19F-, 13P-, and 23Na-nuclear magnetic resonance techniques were used to measure cytosolic free calcium (Cai), pH (pHi), free magnesium (Mgi), and sodium (Nai) in erythrocytes of essential hypertensive subjects (n = 19). Individuals were studied for 2 mo each on low- (UNaV < 50 meq/d) and high- (UNaV > 200 meq/d) salt diets, with the concomitant administration of nifedipine (10 mg t.i.d.) or placebo tablets for 1 mo of each diet. Salt loading elevated Cai and Nai while suppressing Mgi and pHi; these changes occurred predominantly in salt-sensitive subjects (n = 9). Nifedipine blunted the pressor response to salt loading > 50% (delta diastolic BP [high-low salt vs placebo] = 5 +/- 2 vs 14 +/- 2 mmHg, P < 0.05) and reversed salt-induced ionic changes, lowering Cai and elevating Mgi and pHi. Regardless of the definition of salt sensitivity, continuous relationships were observed between the pressure response to salt loading, the levels of Cai (r = 0.726, P < 0.001), Nai (r = 0.747, P < 0.001), and pHi (r = -0.754, P < 0.001), and the salt-induced change in Mgi (r = -0.757, P < 0.001). Altogether, these results emphasize the reciprocal and coordinate nature of intracellular ionic changes in response to dietary salt loading and calcium channel blockade in essential hypertension. They suggest that salt sensitivity is mediated by cellular calcium accumulation from the extracellular space, in association with magnesium depletion and acidification. Lastly, interpretation of intracellular ion measurements in the future will require concurrent assessment of dietary salt intake.
A randomized trial to increase physical activity in breast cancer survivors.

PURPOSE Interventions to increase physical activity among breast cancer survivors are needed to improve health and quality of life and possibly to reduce the risk of disease recurrence and early mortality. Therefore, we report the feasibility and preliminary outcomes of a pilot randomized trial designed to increase physical activity in sedentary breast cancer survivors receiving hormone therapy. METHODS Forty-one sedentary women on estrogen receptor modulators or aromatase inhibitors for stage I, II, or IIIA breast cancer were randomly assigned to receive a 12-wk multidisciplinary physical activity behavior change intervention or usual care. RESULTS Recruitment was 34%, intervention adherence was 99%, and complete follow-up data were obtained on 93%. Most participants (93%) were white with mean age of 53 +/- 9 yr. Differences favoring the intervention group were noted for accelerometer physical activity counts (mean difference = 72,103; 95% confidence interval (CI) = 25,383-119,000; effect size (d) = 1.02; P = 0.004), aerobic fitness (mean difference = 2.9; 95% CI = -0.1 to 5.8; d = 0.64; P = 0.058), back/leg muscle strength (mean difference = 12.3; 95% CI = 0.4-15.9; d = 0.81; P = 0.017), waist-to-hip ratio (mean difference = -0.05; 95% CI = -0.01 to -0.08; d = -0.77; P = 0.018), and social well-being (mean difference = 2.0; 95% CI = 0.3-3.8; d = 0.76; P = 0.03). However, the intervention group also reported a greater increase in joint stiffness (mean difference = 1.1; 95% CI = 0.1-2.2; d = 0.70; P = 0.04). CONCLUSIONS A behavior change intervention for breast cancer survivors based on the social cognitive theory is feasible and results in potentially meaningful improvements in physical activity and selected health outcomes. Confirmation in a larger study is warranted.
Prevention of influenza by targeting host receptors using engineered proteins

Significance We have developed a new class of host-targeted biologics to prevent influenza by engineering multivalent carbohydrate-binding modules that bind with high affinity to sialic acid, the critical component of the influenza virus cell surface receptor. Mouse studies reveal a remarkable efficacy: a single 1-μg dose of the lead biologic given 7 d before a lethal challenge with 2009 pandemic H1N1 influenza virus provides complete protection. This new approach has the potential to be a front-line defense against any current and future influenza virus, overcoming viral escape to vaccines and antivirals. In addition, the biologics may have broader application against other respiratory pathogens. There is a need for new approaches for the control of influenza given the burden caused by annual seasonal outbreaks, the emergence of viruses with pandemic potential, and the development of resistance to current antiviral drugs. We show that multivalent biologics, engineered using carbohydrate-binding modules specific for sialic acid, mask the cell-surface receptor recognized by the influenza virus and protect mice from a lethal challenge with 2009 pandemic H1N1 influenza virus. The most promising biologic protects mice when given as a single 1-μg intranasal dose 7 d in advance of viral challenge. There also is sufficient virus replication to establish an immune response, potentially protecting the animal from future exposure to the virus. Furthermore, the biologics appear to stimulate inflammatory mediators, and this stimulation may contribute to their protective ability. Our results suggest that this host-targeted approach could provide a front-line prophylactic that has the potential to protect against any current and future influenza virus and possibly against other respiratory pathogens that use sialic acid as a receptor.
Towards Juristocracy: The Origins and Consequences of the New Constitutionalism

Towards Juristocracy: The Origins and Consequences of the New Constitutionalism. By Ran Hirschl. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 2004. 294p. $49.95. To the various systems of government known to political science we may now add another—“juristocracy. ” Although not rigorously defined in this book, the term refers to a process of judicial empowerment in which judiciaries take on powers and responsibilities previously exercised by representative institutions. While there is little new in recognizing that courts often make decisions with profound political consequences, this study considers recent transfers of power to judiciaries to be unprecedented in their breadth and scope, features of what the author describes as “the new constitutionalism. ”
Collective Intelligence: Aggregation of Information from Neighbors in a Guessing Game

Complex systems show the capacity to aggregate information and to display coordinated activity. In the case of social systems the interaction of different individuals leads to the emergence of norms, trends in political positions, opinions, cultural traits, and even scientific progress. Examples of collective behavior can be observed in activities like the Wikipedia and Linux, where individuals aggregate their knowledge for the benefit of the community, and citizen science, where the potential of collectives to solve complex problems is exploited. Here, we conducted an online experiment to investigate the performance of a collective when solving a guessing problem in which each actor is endowed with partial information and placed as the nodes of an interaction network. We measure the performance of the collective in terms of the temporal evolution of the accuracy, finding no statistical difference in the performance for two classes of networks, regular lattices and random networks. We also determine that a Bayesian description captures the behavior pattern the individuals follow in aggregating information from neighbors to make decisions. In comparison with other simple decision models, the strategy followed by the players reveals a suboptimal performance of the collective. Our contribution provides the basis for the micro-macro connection between individual based descriptions and collective phenomena.
Researching With NVivo

This paper is based on a project created for the KWALON conference in April, 2010. Due to time constraints and the lack of research experience of some of the people working on the project, we took a team based approach to develop the analysis, and focused on descriptive coding. This paper addresses both the items for reflection in the "instructions for developers" and the research question posed. Though the analysis of the data was done using software which enabled more to be done than would otherwise have been the case, it is argued that the results obtained are influenced by the researchers themselves, and factors such as the time available, rather than the software itself. URN: http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:0114-fqs1101234
A Test of Reciprocal Causal Relationships among Parental Supervision, Affective Ties, and Delinquency

Current family-delinquency research suggests that the relationships between parenting and delinquency should be viewed from interactional and developmental perspectives. The relationship between parent and child is thought to change over time, partly as a function of reciprocal causal influences between them. In this study, using panel data from a representative sample of 838 urban adolescents, the authors test the hypothesis that parenting and delinquency are reciprocally related. They also hypothesize that two central parenting dimensions, affective ties and supervision, are bidirectionally related. It is found that delinquency and parental supervision are reciprocally related, whereas affective ties appear to be a consequence rather than a cause of delinquency, at least by middle adolescence. In general, the interrelationships among these variables are more complex than those suggested by earlier unidirectional theories, and they underline the importance of interactional perspectives in understanding the interrelationship of adolescent behavior and parenting.
Mismatch Negativity: Different Water in the Same River

The mismatch negativity (MMN) is a frontal negative deflection in the human event-related potential that typically occurs when a repeating auditory stimulus changes in some manner. The MMN can be elicited by many kinds of stimulus change, varying from simple changes in a single stimulus feature to abstract changes in the relationship between stimuli. The main intracerebral sources for the MMN are located in the auditory cortices of the temporal lobe. Since it occurs whether or not stimuli are being attended, the MMN represents an automatic cerebral process for detecting change. The MMN is clinically helpful in terms of demonstrating disordered sensory processing or disordered memory in groups of patients. Improvements in the techniques for measuring the MMN and in the paradigms for eliciting it will be needed before the MMN can become clinically useful as an objective measurement of such disorders in individual patients.