Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
OF YOUNG ’ S MODULUS OF PZT AND Co 80 Ni 20 THIN FILMS BY MEANS OF MICROMACHINED CANTILEVERS

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------DETERMINATION OF YOUNG’S MODULUS OF PZT AND Co80Ni20 THIN FILMS BY MEANS OF MICROMACHINED CANTILEVERS H. Nazeer, L. Abelmann, N. R. Tas, J. W. van Honschoten, M. H. Siekman, M.C. Elwenspoek MESA+ Research Institute, University of Twente, P.O. Box 217, 7500 AE Enschede, The Netherlands FRIAS, Albert-Ludwigs University, Albertstr. 19, 79104 Freiburg, Germany h.nazeer@utwente.nl ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Abstract: This paper presents a technique to determine the Young’s modulus and residual stress of thin films using a simple micromachined silicon cantilever as the test structure. An analytical relation was developed based on the shift in resonance frequency caused by the addition of a thin film on the cantilever. FEM simulations were performed which confirmed the validity of assumptions made in our analytical model. Resonance frequency measurements both before and after the deposition of the thin film improve the accuracy of the results. Experiments were performed on PZT deposited by pulsed laser deposition and on evaporated Co80Ni20 thin films.
Sex and Bipolar Subtype Association with Self-Reported Hazardous Alcohol Consumption in Bipolar Depression

ABSTRACT Despite the high rate of co-morbid alcoholism in bipolar disorder, the relationship between mood state, sex, and alcohol consumption patterns has not been well studied. An anonymous Internet survey was conducted from August 2002 to September 2005. The survey asked participants with bipolar disorder to self-report alcohol “quantity” consumed when euthymic, manic, or depressed. Of 366 persons with bipolar disorder, significantly more males (38%) than females (23%) and bipolar II (31%) than bipolar I (16%) respondents self-reported consuming a hazardous amount of alcohol during depression. These preliminary findings suggest that hazardous drinking in bipolar depression is more common in men and in patients with bipolar II disorder. Further study is encouraged to assess whether this alcohol intake increase is a possible attempt at self-medication of mood symptoms or an independent co-morbid factor related to alcoholism.
Identifying Organizational Identification as a Basis for Attitudes and Behaviors: A Meta-Analytic Review

Organizational identification has been argued to have a unique value in explaining individual attitudes and behaviors in organizations, as it involves the essential definition of entities (i.e., individual and organizational identities). This review seeks meta-analytic evidence of the argument by examining how this identity-relevant construct functions in the nexus of attitudinal/behavioral constructs. The findings show that, first, organizational identification is significantly associated with key attitudes (job involvement, job satisfaction, and affective organizational commitment) and behaviors (in-role performance and extra-role performance) in organizations. Second, in the classic psychological model of attitude-behavior relations (Fishbein & Ajzen, 1975), organizational identification is positioned as a basis from which general sets of those attitudes and behaviors are engendered; organizational identification has a direct effect on general behavior above and beyond the effect of general attitude. Third, the effects of organizational identification are moderated by national culture, a higher-level social context wherein the organization is embedded, such that the effects are stronger in a collectivistic culture than in an individualistic culture. Theoretical and practical implications of the findings and future research directions are discussed.
An Examination of the Influence of Diversity and Stakeholder Role on Corporate Social Orientation

This article examines the extent to which diversity characteristics and stakeholder role influence individuals’ corporate social orientation (CSO). Our findings indicate that one’s relationship to the organization as well as diversity, gender, and race influence one’s CSO. Specifically, we found that employees’ greatest concern was economic whereas customers had a stronger ethical orientation. The results also suggest that women as well as Black employees and customers place more emphasis on whether an organization is fulfilling its discretionary responsibilities than do males and Whites. A model using the concept of value congruence is presented to guide future research.
Market Frustration?

Parents in the UK now have the opportunity to express a preference for their child’s school. However, since there are limits to the number of students any school can admit, published criteria are used to prioritize students to school places. Consequently some parents do not get a school of their choosing. But legislation, such as the 1988 Education Reform Act, has also extended parents’ opportunity to appeal against their allocated placement. The number of parents appealing against rejection of their preference has risen considerably. This suggests that more parents are becoming dissatisfied with the failings of the new market system to allow them access to a school of their choosing. A potential explanation for this is a growing awareness by parents of their rights and the rise of a consumer culture in education. However, significant geographical variations across the UK in the prevalence of appeals suggest further possible causes of market frustration.
Genetic analysis of the (CTG)n NOTCH4 polymorphism in 65 multiplex bipolar pedigrees

A strong genetic association between the NOTCH4 locus on chromosome 6 and schizophrenia was recently reported. Based on the data suggesting overlapping susceptibility for schizophrenia and bipolar disorder, we genotyped the polymorphic (CTG)n encoding polyleucine repeat in exon 1 of NOTCH4 in 65 pedigrees ascertained for a genetic linkage study of bipolar disorder. In addition, we analyzed a subset of our pedigrees with psychotic features at this locus. We failed to find any association between the (CTG)n NOTCH4 polymorphism and either the bipolar or the psychotic bipolar phenotype in our 65 pedigrees.
A GA-based optimized broadband millimeter-wave quasi-Yagi antenna

This paper is aimed to show a design of quasi-Yagi antenna which is optimized from the conventional quasi-Yagi antenna for operating at center frequency of 60 GHz. The design of antenna is initially obtained from theoretical analysis, then is optimized to reach prescribed matching impedance, to exhibit maximum gain, and to obtained a desirable bandwidth which covers the 60 GHz industrial, scientific, and medical (ISM) frequency band spreading from 56 GHz to 66 GHz. Multi-objective cost function and multi-procedure optimization are used for optimizing process that is based on Genetic Algorithm. Computer simulation results of the optimized antenna are presented and discussed.
Association of IL28B SNPs rs12979860 and rs8099917 on Hepatitis C Virus-RNA Status in Donors/Recipients of Living Donor Liver Transplantation

To investigate the effect of IL28B single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) (rs8099917 and rs12979860) in the donors and recipients on the outcome of Hepatitis C virus-RNA clearance after living donor liver transplantation (LDLT). The rs8099917 and rs12979860 genotypes in 50 donor and recipients pairs were explored on the pre-operative day (POD) and post-operative day 30 (POD30). There was a significant difference in HCV-RNA clearance before (12%, 6/50) and after (48%, 24/50) liver transplantation (P < 0.001). The rs8099917 genotype TT was dominant in both the recipients (82%, 41/50) and donors (86%, 43/50), but had no significant effect on HCV-RNA clearance (87.5%, 21/24) and recurrence (76.9%, 20/26) after LDLT. One recipient was detected with genotype GG on POD, which changed to genotype GT on POD30. Prevalence of rs12979860 genotype CT was 98% (49/50 recipient) and 92% (46/50 donor) and prevalence of genotype CC was 2% (1/50 recipient) and 8% (4/50 donor) on POD and POD30, respectively. Of the 4 recipients with rs12979860 genotype CC on POD30, 3 recipients (12.5%, 3/24) exhibited HCV clearance and 1 experienced recurrence (3.9%, 1/26), however, this was not statistically significant. In conclusion, alterations in IL28B SNP genotype may occur after LDLT, leading to modifications in the host genome or donor proteome by HCV. This predicted mechanism will need to be investigated further.
A new approach to gas sensing with nanotechnology

Nanosized gas sensor elements are potentially faster, require lower power, come with a lower limit of detection, operate at lower temperatures, obviate the need for expensive catalysts, are more heat shock resistant and might even come at a lower cost than their macro-counterparts. In the last two decades, there have been important developments in two key areas that might make this promise a reality. First is the development of a variety of very good performing nanostructured metal oxide semiconductors (MOSs), the most commonly used materials for gas sensing; and second are advances in very low power loss miniaturized heater elements. Advanced nano- or micro–nanogas sensors have attracted much attention owing to a variety of possible applications. In this article, we first discuss the mechanism underlying MOS-based gas sensor devices, then we describe the advances that have been made towards MOS nanostructured materials and the progress towards low-power nano- and microheaters. Finally, we attempt to design an ideal nanogas sensor by combining the best nanomaterial strategy with the best heater implementation. In this regard, we end with a discussion of a suspended carbon nanowire-based gas sensor design and the advantages it might offer compared with other more conventional gas sensor devices.
Performance of Randomized Cyclic Delay Code Encoded by Convolutional Coding

We study distributed cooperative communication systems in which a single source transmits its information with the help of multiple relays to a destination. Specifically, we consider decode and forward relay networks based on orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM). Most previous work needs a priori information for antenna allocation to obtain cooperative diversity advantages. A randomized cyclic delay code does not require additional information in order to coordinate relay transmission. We applied randomized cyclic delay code to relay protocols and analyzed its performance. Simulation results show that considerable diversity gain is obtained in cooperative communication systems.
Lactate and H+ effluxes from human skeletal muscles during intense, dynamic exercise.

1. Lactate and H+ efflux from skeletal muscles were studied with the one‐legged knee extension model under conditions in which blood flow, arterial lactate and the muscle‐blood lactate concentration gradient were altered. Subjects exercised one leg twice to exhaustion (EX1, EX2), separated by a 10 min recovery and a period of intense intermittent exercise. After 1 h of recovery the exercise protocol was repeated with the other leg. Low‐intensity exercise was performed with one leg during the recovery periods, while the other leg was passive during its recovery periods. 2. Prior to, and immediately after, EX1 and EX2 and then 3 and 10 min after EX1, a biopsy was taken from the vastus lateralis of the exercised leg for lactate, pH, muscle water and fibre‐type determinations. Measurements of leg blood flow and venous‐arterial differences for lactate (whole blood and plasma), pH, partial pressure of CO2 (PCO2), haemoglobin, saturation and base excess (BE) were performed at the end of exercise and regularly during the recovery period after EX1. 3. The lactate release was linearly related (r = 0.96; P < 0.05) to the muscle lactate gradient over a range of muscle lactate from 0 to 45 mmol (kg wet wt)‐1. The muscle lactate transport was evaluated from the net femoral venous‐arterial differences (V‐Adiff) for lactate. This rose with increases in the muscle lactate gradients, but as the gradient reached higher levels the V‐Adiff lactate responded less than at smaller gradients. Thus, the lactate transport over the muscle membrane appears to be partly saturated at high muscle lactate concentrations. 4. The percentage of slow twitch (%ST) fibres was inversely related to the muscle lactate gradient, but it was not correlated to the lactate release at the end of the exercises. In spite of a significantly higher blood flow during active recovery, the lactate release was the same whether the leg was resting or performed low‐intensity exercise in the recovery periods. In several other conditions the muscle lactate and H+ gradients would have predicted that the V‐Adiff lactate would have been greater than it actually was. Thus, a variety of factors affect muscle lactate transport, including arterial lactate concentration, muscle perfusion, muscle contraction pattern and muscle morphology. 5. The muscle and femoral venous pH declined during EX1 to 6.73 and 7.14‐7.15, respectively, and they increased to resting levels during 10 min of either passive or active recovery. (ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)
In vivo natural reactivity of mice against tumor cells

A rapid in vivo clearance of tumor cells was found in normal mice following intravenous inoculation of [125l]dUrd‐labelled YAC‐1 and RBL‐5 cultured cell lines derived from lymphomas. The ability of mice to eliminate tumor cells from spleen, liver and lungs during the first 4 h, as evaluated by the recovery of radioactivity in these organs, was found to correlate with the level of natural killer (NK) cell reactivity in their spleen and lungs, as measured simultaneously in vitro in a shortterm 51Cr release assay (CRA). Lower recovery of radioactivity was found in mouse strains with high spontaneous levels of NK activity. The degree of clearance was also found to be age‐dependent and older mice of several strains, whose NK activity had declined to low levels, were less effective in eliminating tumor cells. In vivo treatment with interferon and interferon inducers (poly I:C, pyran copolymer, Corynebacterium parvum, murine sarcoma virus) increased the levels of NK activity in the spleen and lungs and also augmented the in vivo clearance of tumor cells from the lungs and liver. Immunopharmacological treatments with antimacrophage agents (silica, iota‐carrageenan, Seakem‐carrageenan), antineoplastic drugs (dexamethasone, cyclophosphamide, 5‐(3,‐3′dimethyl‐I‐triazeno)‐imidazole‐4‐carboxamide, 4‐amino‐L‐D‐arabinofuranosyl‐2‐(IH)‐pyrimidone, adriamycin) or irradiation (850 R γ‐ray) had comparable effects on both in vitro cytolytic activity and in vivo clearance of tumor cells. When the susceptibility to in vitro and in vivocytotoxicity by several other tumors was examined, the lines with detectable sensitivity to lysis by NK cells were found to be cleared in vivo to a greater degree in a high NK strain (CBA) than in a low NK strain (SJL). In contrast, NK‐resistant lines were cleared at approximately the same rate in both strains. However, the actual levels of in vivo clearance and the degree of difference between the strains for the various NK‐sensitive lines did not correlate well with their relative sensitivities to lysis in vitro. In the various situations in which the in vivo recovery of a particular NK‐sensitive line was studied relative to the levels of NK reactivity in the recipients, the best correlations were seen with clearance from the lungs. In several instances, clearance from the spleen did not correlate well with splenic NK activity. These data indicate that rapid in vivo clearance of radiolabelled NK‐sensitive tumor cell lines is appreciably influenced by levels of NK reactivity, but that other factors are probably also involved.
What is poverty? A diachronic exploration of the discourse on poverty from the 1970s to the 2000s

Poverty is central to the concept of development. However, the relevance given to particular aspects of poverty has changed over the years and with it the manner in which poverty has been represented. The following paper explores how concepts of poverty within the ‘poverty discourse’ have altered over a 30-year period. A diachronic analysis is performed to explore changes in the topical and thematic composition of the definitions, in addition to the manner in which poverty has been ‘framed’. The results illustrated that poverty was variably framed across the decades ranging from a ‘neutral’ fact to a highly contested state with little agreement over causes and consequences. Nevertheless, the relational analysis revealed the de-problematization of poverty over time. The finding has clear implications for development praxis: poverty needs to be ‘attacked’, but the root causes, at least from a discursive perspective, may be ignored.Cet article se penche sur la manière dont la conceptualisation de la pauvreté a changé lors des trente dernières années. La pauvreté est un concept central dans le discours sur le développement. La perception de l'importance du phénomène a cependant énormément évolué, et de ce fait, la façon dont la pauvreté a été représentée au sein du discours sur le développement aussi. Cet article propose une analyse diachronique afin de mieux cerner les changements de thèmes et de définitions à travers lesquels le concept de pauvreté a été formulé. Cette analyse démontre que la pauvreté a été représentée de manière extrêmement variable à travers les décennies, comme étant un fait « neutre », mais aussi comme un phénomène fortement contesté à propos duquel il n'y a aucun accord quant aux causes et conséquences. L'analyse démontre aussi que le phénomène de la pauvreté a clairement été « dé-problématisé » au cours des dernières années, ce qui a des implications critiques pour les politiques de développement: la pauvreté est de plus en plus perçue comme étant un phénomène qui doit être attaqué, mais ses causes peuvent être ignorées, au moins dans le discours.
Routability-driven placement and white space allocation

We present a congestion-driven placement flow. First, we consider in the global placement stage the routing demand to replace cells in order to avoid congested regions. Then we allocate appropriate amounts of white space into different regions of the chip according to the congestion map. Finally, a detailed placer is applied to legalize placements while preserving the distributions of white space. Experimental results show that our placement flow can achieve the best routability with the shortest routed wirelength among all publicly available placement tools. Moreover, our white space allocation approach can significantly improve the routabilities of placements generated by other placement tools.
Finding and Remembering Words

Although infant-directed speech is generally slower and has more exaggerated pitch contours than adult-directed speech (Fernald & Simon, 1984), the lack of clear boundaries between successive words is still present. Nevertheless, the word segmentation problem might not pose a serious difficulty for acquiring a vocabulary if new words were always presented to infants as isolated utterances. However, even when parents are explicitly instructed to teach their children new words, they present these words in isolation only about 20% of the time (Woodward & As lin, 1990). Consequently, to make real headway in acquiring a vo cabulary, learners need to solve the word segmentation problem.
BOT's based on nonuniform filter banks

Parallels between orthogonal transforms and filter banks have been drawn before. Block orthogonal transform (BOT) is a special case of orthogonal transform where a nonoverlapping window is used. We relate BOTs to filter banks. Specifically, we show that any BOT can be shown as a perfect reconstruction filter bank, and any tree-structured perfect reconstruction filter bank or any orthonormal filter bank for which no filter length exceeds its decimation factor can be shown as a BOT. We then show that all conventional BOTs map to uniform filter banks. A construction method to design a BOT from any nonuniform filter bank is presented, and finding an optimal tree structure (in the sense of transform coding gain) for a given source is also discussed. The results show that the optimal, nonuniform BOT outperforms uniform BOTs having either the same number of bands or the same size in most cases.
Out of Touch: The Analytic Misconstrual of Social Knowledge

ABSTRACT The schism between positivism and interpretivism in the social sciences is usually explained by the explicit epistemological and methodological commitments of social scientists and philosophers. It can be better understood, though, as a collision between two contrasting cognitive modes and sensibilities, rooted in the predominant recruitment of two distinct networks in the human brain. Since the activation of these networks is negatively correlated, the analytic reasoning typical of positivists and the empathetic, intuitive, and holistic thinking employed by intepretivists produce incommensurate versions of social reality. The analytic cognitive mode is fostered and privileged in complex modern societies and in institutionalized social-science research. It is nevertheless inadequate for understanding the social world, as it facilitates the modeling of causal interactions between inanimate objects.
Representation of 3-d Volumetric Object from the pantomime Effect and Shading Cues in Human Brain

Human ability to process visual information of outside world is yet far ahead of man-made systems in accuracy and speed. In particular, human beings can perceive 3-D object from various cues, such as binocular disparity and monocular shading cues. Understanding of the mechanism of human visual processing will lead to a breakthrough in creating artificial visual systems. Here, we study the human 3-D volumetric object perception that is induced by a visual phenomenon named as the pantomime effect and by the monocular shading cues. We measured human brain activities using fMRI when the subjects were observing the visual stimuli. A coordinated system of brain areas, including those in the prefrontal and parietal cortex, in addition to the occipital visual areas was found to be involved in the volumetric object perception.
In Vitro Systems for Tissue Engineering

Abstract: Tissue engineering, by necessity, encompasses a wide array of experimental directions and scientific disciplines. In vitro tissue engineering involves the manipulation of cells in vitro, prior to implantation into the in vivo environment. In contrast, in vivo tissue engineering relies on the body's natural ability to regenerate over non‐cell‐seeded biomaterials. Cells, biomaterials, and controlled incubation conditions all play important roles in the construction and use of modern in vitro systems for tissue engineering. Gene delivery is also an important factor for controlling or supporting the function of engineered cells both in vitro and post implantation, where appropriate. In this review, systems involved in the context of in vitro tissue engineering are addressed, including bioreactors, cell‐seeded constructs, cell encapsulation, and gene delivery. Emphasis is placed upon investigations that are more directly linked to the treatment of clinical conditions.
The Leader as a Broker of Dreams

The paper presents a grounded theory which explains how a personal vision becomes enacted into reality within a corporate arena. This enactment process is defined as leadership. The theory suggests that leadership is a political process. For enactment to occur in a manner which is engaging and inspirational, the leader must design and maintain through, patterned interactions, a support system. The interactions are brokerage transactions in which the leader modifies and clarifies intentions in response to technical, social, and environmental concerns expressed through exchanges with members of this support system. As this happens the leader matures. Vision also becomes converted into a social dream which is scripted for the purpose of implementation.