Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Acute Adverse Reactions to Nonionic Iodinated Contrast Media: A Meta-Analysis.

OBJECTIVES We aimed to meta-analytically compare the incidence of acute adverse reactions (AARs) to nonionic iodinated contrast media (ICM) according to the type of ICM in patients who underwent radiologic examinations with administration of ICM via intravascular route. MATERIALS AND METHODS A systematic literature search identified studies evaluating the incidence of AARs to 7 nonionic ICM (iobitridol, iohexol, iomeprol, iopamidol, iopromide, ioversol, and iodixanol) with extractable outcomes. These outcomes were pooled using a random-effects model, and the effect of ICM type on the incidence of overall and severe AARs was evaluated using meta-regression analysis. RESULTS Thirty studies with 1,360,488 exposures to ICM were included. The pooled incidences of overall and severe AARs to nonionic ICM were 1.03% (95% confidence interval [CI], 0.81%-1.30%; I = 0.99) and 0.0141% (95% CI, 0.0108%-0.0183%; I = 0.56), respectively. Iomeprol had the highest overall AAR incidence (1.74%; 95% CI, 0.79%-3.76%; I = 0.99), followed by iohexol (1.21%; 95% CI, 0.67%-2.17%; I = 0.99), iopamidol (1.10%; 95% CI, 0.60%-2.03%; I = 0.99), ioversol (0.88%; 95% CI, 0.43%-1.83%; I = 0.96), iodixanol (0.85%; 95% CI, 0.36%-1.95%; I = 0.99), iopromide (0.82%; 95% CI, 0.43%-1.55%; I = 0.99), and iobitridol (0.77%; 95% CI, 0.36%-1.62%; I = 0.99). Multivariable meta-regression analysis revealed that study design (P = 0.0014) and premedication (P = 0.0230) were statistically significant determinants affecting the incidence of overall AARs. Iodinated contrast media type did not affect the incidence of overall and severe AARs (P = 0.1453 and 0.4265, each). CONCLUSIONS The varying pooled incidences of overall and severe AARs to specific types of nonionic ICM do not remain as significant after adjusting confounders. Our results may support nonrestriction of certain types of nonionic ICM in the context of AAR avoidance.
Akari Observations of the Interstellar Medium

AKARI has 4 imaging bands in the far-infrared (FIR) and 9 imaging bands that cover the nearinfrared (NIR) to mid-infrared (MIR) contiguously. The FIR bands probe the thermal emission from sub-micron dust grains, while the MIR bands observe emission from stochastically-heated very small grains and the unidentified infrared (UIR) band emissions from carbonaceous materials that contain aromatic and aliphatic bonds. The multi-band characteristics of the AKARI instruments are quite efficient to study the spectral energy distribution of the interstellar medium, which always shows multi-component nature, as well as its variations in the various environments. AKARI also has spectroscopic capabilities. In particular, one of the onboard instruments, Infrared Camera (IRC), can obtain a continuous spectrum from 2.5 to 13 ㎛ with the same slit. This allows us to make a comparative study of the UIR bands in the diffuse emission from the 3.3 to 11.3 ㎛ for the first time. The IRC explores high-sensitivity spectroscopy in the NIR, which enables the study of interstellar ices and the UIR band emission at 3.3? 3.5 ㎛ in various objects. Particularly, the UIR bands in this spectral range contain unique information on the aromatic and aliphatic bonds in the band carriers. This presentation reviews the results of AKARI observations of the interstellar medium with an emphasis on the observations of the NIR spectroscopy.
A New Class of Representations of EALA Coordinated by Quantum Tori in Two Variables

Abstract We study the representations of extended affine Lie algebras $s{{\ell }_{\ell +1}}\left( {{\mathbb{C}}_{q}} \right)$ where $q$ is $N$ -th primitive root of unity ( $({{\mathbb{C}}_{q}}$ is the quantum torus in two variables). We first prove that $\oplus \,s{{\ell }_{\ell +1}}\left( \mathbb{C} \right)$ for a suitable number of copies is a quotient of $s{{\ell }_{\ell +1}}\left( {{\mathbb{C}}_{q}} \right)$ . Thus any finite dimensional irreducible module for $\oplus \,s{{\ell }_{\ell +1}}\left( \mathbb{C} \right)$ lifts to a representation of $s{{\ell }_{\ell +1}}\left( {{\mathbb{C}}_{q}} \right)$ . Conversely, we prove that any finite dimensional irreducible module for $s{{\ell }_{\ell +1}}\left( {{\mathbb{C}}_{q}} \right)$ comes from above. We then construct modules for the extended affine Lie algebras $s{{\ell }_{\ell +1}}\left( {{\mathbb{C}}_{q}} \right)\oplus \mathbb{C}{{d}_{1}}\oplus \mathbb{C}{{d}_{2}}$ which is integrable and has finite dimensional weight spaces.
Robust and Fast Spatial Verification

Spatial verification for object retrieval is often time-consuming and susceptible to viewpoint changes. In this paper, we propose a novel spatial verification method that is robust to viewpoint changes. Firstly, the affine covariant neighborhoods (ACNs) of corresponding local regions are matched to eliminate possible false matches. Secondly, the RANSAC is performed to estimate the affine transformation from each single pair of corresponding local regions without the gravity vector assumption used in previous spatial verification methods. Experimental results demonstrate that this method is more robust and fast than previous spatial verification methods.
Which parts of language are the most stable?

Abstract This paper presents an algorithm intended to quantify the diachronic stability of linguistic characteristics. It is argued that a linguistic feature whose presence or absence is best predicted by language families is a stable feature. Conversely, a feature that correlates better with geographical areas than with families is one that is sensitive to diffusion. Contrasting the structural heterogeneity within families with that found within geographical areas, it is thus possible to make a statement regarding the varying diachronic stability of specific features. While the main aim of the paper is methodological exploration, and while the method certainly not devoid of problems, I propose that the current approach can be useful in studies of language contact and long-range historical comparison.
Double Split-Ring Resonators: Analytical Modeling and Numerical Simulations

In this paper we consider double split-ring resonators recently suggested and used as inclusions in artificial composites with negative real parts of the permittivity and permeability (Veselago media). In the known literature, the polarization effects in these particles are not completely explained. Here, an analytical model for inclusion polarizabilities is designed, and the polarization effects explained. The results are compared with numerical simulations. The model can be used in optimizing the size and shape of complex inclusions used in the design of novel artificial composites.
A Bayesian Approach for Analyzing Longitudinal Structural Equation Models

This article considers a Bayesian approach for analyzing a longitudinal 2-level nonlinear structural equation model with covariates, and mixed continuous and ordered categorical variables. The first-level model is formulated for measures taken at each time point nested within individuals for investigating their characteristics that are dynamically changed over time. The second level is defined for individuals for assessing their characteristics that are invariant with time. The proposed longitudinal structural equation model also accommodates missing data. A Bayesian approach is developed for estimation of parameters and model comparison. The newly developed methodologies are applied to a longitudinal study concerning cocaine use.
PERFORMANCE OF TWO-WAY ANOVA PROCEDURES WHEN CELL FREQUENCIES AND VARIANCES ARE UNEQUAL

A fixed effect two-way ANOVA model with unequal cell frequencies and unequal error variances is considered. Under the Neyman-Pearson theory, exact tests for testing the interaction effect and main effect do not exist for this problem. When variances are unequal, classical F-tests which are calculated under the equal error variance assumption will provide only approximate solutions. For testing the interaction effect, we compare the performance of the generalized F-test and the classical F-test. Generalized F-test (generalized p-value) is a recently developed exact test which is based on an extended definition of the p-values. Using simulation, size, power and robustness comparisons are made. According to the simulation study, when heteroscedasticity is present under the normality, the size of the generalized F-test does not exceed the intended level allthough the size of the classical F-test exceeds the intended level. When the size is adjusted at the same level, for all the studied cases, the power of the generalized test is nearly equal or better than the power of the classical F-test. Both procedures are quite robust in terms of the size when heteroscedasticity is present under non-normality. Gamma distribution was used for non-normal comparisons. When the size is adjusted, for all the considered cases, the power of the generalized F-test is as good or better than the power of the classical F-test.
The determination of minimal projections and extensions in

Equations are derived which are shown to be necessary and sufficient for finite rank projections in L1 to be minimal. More generally, these equations are also necessary and sufficient to determine operators of minimal norm which extend a fixed linear action on a given finite-dimensional subspace of L1 and thus may be viewed as an extension of the Hahn-Banach theorem to higher dimensions in the L1 setting. These equations are solved in terms of an L1 best approximation problem and the required orthogonality conditions. Moreover, this solution has a simple geometric interpretation. Questions of uniqueness are considered and a number of examples are given to illustrate the usefulness of these equations in determining minimal projections and extensions, including the minimal L1 projection onto the quadratics.
Three-dimensional vortex formation from an oscillating, non-uniform cylinder

A cylinder having mild variations in diameter along its span is subjected to controlled excitation at frequencies above and below the inherent shedding frequency from the corresponding two-dimensional cylinder. The response of the near wake is characterized in terms of timeline visualization and velocity traces, spectra, and phase plane representations. It is possible to generate several types of vortex formation, depending upon the excitation frequency. Globally locked-in, three-dimensional vortex formation can occur along the entire span of the flow. Regions of locally locked-in and period-doubled vortex formation can exist along different portions of the span provided the excitation frequency is properly tuned. Unlike the classical subharmonic instability in free shear flows, the occurrence of period-doubled vortex formation does not involve vortex coalescence; instead, the flow structure alternates between two different states.
Numerical correction of distorted images in full-field optical coherence tomography

We propose a numerical method which can numerically correct the distorted en face images obtained with a full field optical coherence tomography (FF-OCT) system. It is shown that the FF-OCT image of the deep region of a biological sample is easily blurred or degraded because the sample has a refractive index (RI) much higher than its surrounding medium in general. It is analyzed that the focal plane of the imaging system is segregated from the imaging plane of the coherence-gated system due to the RI mismatch. This image-blurring phenomenon is experimentally confirmed by imaging the chrome pattern of a resolution test target through its glass substrate in water. Moreover, we demonstrate that the blurred image can be appreciably corrected by using the numerical correction process based on the Fresnel–Kirchhoff diffraction theory. The proposed correction method is applied to enhance the image of a human hair, which permits the distinct identification of the melanin granules inside the cortex layer of the hair shaft.
Calibration of energy-dispersive X-ray detectors at BESSY I and BESSY II

The undispersed synchrotron radiation from bending magnets at the primary standard source BESSY I has been used for many years for the calibration of energy-dispersive X-ray detectors. It has the advantage of continuously covering a broad spectral range from a few electronvolts up to a few kiloelectronvolts with lower uncertainty of the calculated spectral photon flux than any other source in that spectral range. With the recent establishment of BESSY II as a primary source standard, the range of radiometry is further extended into the X-ray range up to about 50 keV. In this paper we present results on the calibration of a Si(Li) detector at BESSY I and II. BESSY I was operated at a nominal electron energy of 800 MeV and BESSY II at 900 MeV and 1700 MeV. The comparison of the primary source standards BESSY I and II yielded perfect agreement. The relative uncertainty of the comparison of 0.007 is dominated by the measurement at B1. It is demonstrated that BESSY II operated at 1700 MeV electron energy is much more suitable for the calibration of energy-dispersive X-ray detectors.
Double ionisation of Ar atoms by single electron impact

With the aid of translational energy spectroscopy the authors have studied the double ionisation of Ar by single electron impact at collision energies between threshold and 600 eV. On the one hand the authors have determined the total cross section for double ionisation, sigma t, and on the other hand they have measured, for the first time, apparent partial cross sections for production of Ar2+ in specific long-lived states: 3P, 1D2, 1S0, 5Ddegrees 4 and 3Fdegrees 4. The experimental setup, the principle of the applied method and the evaluation procedure are described. Where possible the results are compared with other experimental results, yielding rather good agreement.
PONTRYAGIN DUALITY IN K-THEORY

Let K* and K* denote the Z2-graded cohomology and homology theories arising from the unitary spectrum. For G a finite group denote by BG a classifying space for G. In [13] it was observed as a direct result of calculation of the groups that for G=Z,, p a prime, K? (BZp) is the Pontryagin dual of K1(BZ,). That is, k? (BZp) is a compact group isomorphic to the character group of the discrete group K1(BZ,). Our purpose is to prove the following:
Lactate Stimulates a Potential for Hypertrophy and Regeneration of Mouse Skeletal Muscle

The effects of lactate on muscle mass and regeneration were investigated using mouse skeletal muscle tissue and cultured C2C12 cells. Male C57BL/6J mice were randomly divided into (1) control, (2) lactate (1 mol/L in distilled water, 8.9 mL/g body weight)-administered, (3) cardio toxin (CTX)-injected (CX), and (4) lactate-administered after CTX-injection (LX) groups. CTX was injected into right tibialis anterior (TA) muscle before the oral administration of sodium lactate (five days/week for two weeks) to the mice. Oral lactate administration increased the muscle weight and fiber cross-sectional area, and the population of Pax7-positive nuclei in mouse TA skeletal muscle. Oral administration of lactate also facilitated the recovery process of CTX-associated injured mouse TA muscle mass accompanied with a transient increase in the population of Pax7-positive nuclei. Mouse myoblast-derived C2C12 cells were differentiated for five days to form myotubes with or without lactate administration. C2C12 myotube formation with an increase in protein content, fiber diameter, length, and myo-nuclei was stimulated by lactate. These observations suggest that lactate may be a potential molecule to stimulate muscle hypertrophy and regeneration of mouse skeletal muscle via the activation of muscle satellite cells.
A Model-Free Test for Reduced Rank in Multivariate Regression

We propose a test of dimension in multivariate regression. This test is in the spirit of tests on the rank of the coefficient matrix in a multivariate linear model, but it does not require a prespecified model. The test may be particularly useful at the outset of an analysis before a multivariate model is posited, because it can lead to low-dimensional summary plots that are inferred to contain all of the sample information on the multivariate mean function.
Number of Prime Divisors of ? k ( n), where ? k Is the k-fold Iterate of ?

Abstract In this paper we obtain the distribution of the functionω(ϕk(n)) which counts the number of distinct prime factors of thek-fold iterate of the Eulerϕfunction. With coefficientsak=1/(k+1)! andbk=1/ (2k+1) (k! ) we prove that lim x→∞ 1 x # n⩽x ω(ϕ k (n))−a k (log log x) k+1 b k (log log x) k+1/2 = 1 2π ∫ Z −∞ e −t 2 /2 dt An analogous result is obtained forω(ϕk(p−1)). This extends the results known through the work of P. Erdos and C. Pomerance, M. R. Murty and V. K. Murty, and I. Katai.
THE BROWNIAN MOTION OF DUST PARTICLES IN THE SOLAR NEBULA : AN EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH TO THE PROBLEM OF PRE-PLANETARY DUST AGGREGATION

Abstract Laboratory experiments were performed to study the Brownian motion of μm-sized dust grains and small aggregates under pre-planetary nebula conditions, i.e., in a thin gas atmosphere (Epstein drag regime), in the ballistic limit, and under microgravity conditions. The results of these experiments, i.e., the grain diffusivities, are in quantitative agreement with theoretical predictions for single spherical grains. Deviations from particle sphericity, i.e., in our case aggregates consisting of monodisperse spherical grains, cause only minor deviations between the Epstein drag formula for spheres and our experimental results for equal particle cross section. Thus, we find a quantitative agreement of our measurements with the Epstein relation D ∝ 1/σ a between grain diffusivity and geometrical (aerodynamic) cross section. The results of our investigations can be used for the calculation of the gas–grain stopping time τ f = ϵ ( m /σ a ) (1/ρ g v m ) which, in turn, is an important grain characteristic for the calculation of pre-planetary dust aggregation. Here, m and σ a are the mass and the aerodynamic, i.e., geometric cross section of the grain, ρ g and v m are the mass density of the gas and the mean thermal velocity of the gas molecules, and ϵ is a proportionality factor which we determined to be ϵ = 0.68 ± 0.10. The gas–grain stopping time describes the strength of grain coupling to a given gas motion and its value determines relative velocties and, hence, collision frequencies between dust grains due to sedimentation, drag-induced orbital decay, and gas turbulence in the solar nebula.
A multiarm curl antenna for GPS applications

A single-feed dual-band antenna with wide-beam circularly polarized (CP) radiation is introduced for application in the global positioning system (GPS). The primary radiating element is a planar multiarm curl antenna. The dual-band operation is achieved by dividing the arms of the antenna into two branches of different lengths. To generate CP radiation, the radiator is fed by double vacant-quarter printed rings, which allows direct matching of the antenna to a single 50 Ω coaxial line. To enable unidirectional CP radiation and improve the 3 dB axial ratio (AR) beamwidth, the planar multiarm curl radiator is backed by a rectangular cavity-backed reflector. The final design, with an overall GPS-L2 frequency size of approximately λo/2.45 × λo/2.45 × λo/8, resulted in a |S11|<–10 dB bandwidth of 1.221–1.282 GHz (4.9%) and 1.546–1.660 GHz (7.1%) and a 3 dB AR bandwidth of 1.212–1.240 GHz (2.2%) and 1.560–1.590 GHz (1.9%). Furthermore, it showed excellent right-hand CP (RHCP) radiation at both operating bands, namely wide beamwidth, similar gain, a high front-to-back ratio, and high radiation efficiency.
Property transformation of graphene with Al2O3 films deposited directly by atomic layer deposition

Al2O3 films are deposited directly onto graphene by H2O-based atomic layer deposition (ALD), and the films are pinhole-free and continuously cover the graphene surface. The growth process of Al2O3 films does not introduce any detective defects in graphene, suppresses the hysteresis effect and tunes the graphene doping to n-type. The self-cleaning of ALD growth process, together with the physically absorbed H2O and oxygen-deficient ALD environment consumes OH− bonds, suppresses the p-doping of graphene, shifts Dirac point to negative gate bias and enhances the electron mobility.
Achromatic phase matching for second harmonic generation of femtosecond pulses

A scheme is proposed by which the phase matching bandwidth can be increased by adjusting higher-order terms in frequency shift in the phase-matching condition. This is achieved by introducing a spectral angular dispersion so that the different spectral components propagate at their phase-matching angles. This is equivalent to canceling the group velocity mismatch. The equations describing the requirements on the angular dispersion are discussed and applied to the particular case of type I phase matching. A possible experimental setup is shown that would meet all the conditions required. >
Rail gun experimental results due to varying bore and arc materials, and varying the number of barrel turns

We have built rail guns in a range of square bore Configurations (5, 8, 16 and 25 mm) and tested them with one, two and three turn barrels. We have achieved 4 km/s with both the 5 mm and 8 mm barrels. We use these guns for routine hypervelocity impact testing, gun development, and SDI launch environment testing. We have fired a total of over 300 shots, accelerating both polycarbonate cubes and projectiles in sabots, in vacuum and at ambient pressure. Our capacitor power supply is capable of a maximum of 190 kJ at 5 KV. Our routine diagnostics consist of a Rogowski coil and integrator for the gun current, eight dB/dt coils along the barrel, and a breakwire velocity screen. When the velocity predicted from integrating the area under the measured \int i^{2} dt curve was compared to the measured velocity (using projectile mass and barrel L'), a consistent trend was observed. While there was considerable scatter in the data, the maximum velocity achieved always agreed with or exceeded the predicted velocity until a velocity of approximately 3 km/s was reached. Beyond this velocity, the maximum velocity consistently fell below the predicted velocity. Within experimental error, this trend appears to be independent of the inductance gradient of the barrel. The cause for this deviation from predicted behavior is unknown, but the arc armature is suspected as being the prime cause.
LC/polymer composite and its applications in photonics devices

Traditionally LC/polymer composite, such as polymer dispersed liquid crystal (PDLC), holographic PDLC (H-PDLC), and polymer stabilized liquid crystal (PSLC) etc. is primarily used as display devices. Recently, with electrical, optical and thermal tunability, easy fabrication and fast response time, they have attracted much attention in photonics devices (grating, diffractive optical elements, optical switches etc.) with potential applications in communications, imaging, and biology. The intrinsic tunable property of LC/polymer composite (by means of mechanic, electronic, magnetic, thermal stimulus) makes it an attractive material used in dynamic photonics devices. In this paper, we will first introduce the preparation of LC/polymer material for various objectives. Then two essential fabrication approaches i.e. multibeams interference lithography for periodic structures and programmable projection lithography for specific designed patterns are introduced respectively. At last, our recent results in applying LC/polymer composite in photonic devices, such as tunable 3D photonics crystals, 2D tunable lasing source, focusing elements and binary Airy beams generation etc. are reviewed.