Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
In-vivo investigation of dimethoate toxicity on serum enzymes, target organs and intestinal tissues of albino rats

Dimethoate is a broad spectrum organophosphate insecticide used to control agricultural, industrial and domestic pests. Despite its benefits, toxicities in non-target organisms have been widely reported. This study investigated acute and sub-chronic toxicities of dimethoate in rats. The arithmetic method of Karbar and a modification of repeated 8-week oral toxicity were adopted for the determination of acute and sub-chronic toxicities of dimethoate, respectively. Symptoms of acute toxicity evaluated include muscular weakness, respiratory distress, convulsion and death. Animals that were used for the sub-chronic toxicity studies were divided into 4 groups of 5. Groups 2, 3 and 4 were fed with feeds containing 200, 500 and 800 mg/kg dimethoate respectively, while group 1 served as the control. The weight of the animals were determined weekly for 8 weeks, and thereafter sacrificed. Blood samples were collected for biochemical tests, and the liver, kidney, lung, intestine and heart were excised and processed for histopathological analysis. The calculated median lethal dose (LD50) was 176 mg/kg. Animals in all groups gained weight progressively. However, a dose-dependent significant rise in alanine transaminase and alkaline phosphatise, but not aspartate transaminase accompanied with significant focal necrosis in liver, eosinphilic casts in kidney and intestinal ulceration in group 3 and 4 in animals. In addition, dimethoate- induced inflammation was observed in the liver, kidney, lung and intestine tissues. The derangement of biochemical parameters and relevant histopathological alterations observed in rats exposed to dimethoate are suggestive of toxicity. Therefore necessary precautionary measures should be taking during handling and use.
An Acoustic Analysis of Word Stress Production by Indonesian Learners of English

: Although word stress is a crucial aspect of English speaking, it is not given much emphasis in Indonesia's EFL instruction. Students, consequently, lack the theoretical understanding of how to properly stress syllables in English words. This study uses a program named Praat to examine the acoustic parameters of word stress produced by EFL students in terms of its intensity level. These parameters can indicate whether the students pronounce two-syllable words of nouns and verbs accurately. The subjects of this research were the third-year students of English Education Department who were selected purposively based on the students’ results of EF SET (Standardized English Test). The findings revealed that the students produced more inaccurate word stress when pronouncing nouns than they did when pronouncing verbs. Moreover, the inaccurate word stress produced by the students was divided into three categories: equation stress, no-stress placement, and reverse stress. Among the three categories, equation stress is the most common error found in this study. This study provides insight into the features of word stress and the acoustic measurement of word stress produced by Indonesian learners of English. It implies that there is a need to integrate explicit instruction on word stress. This could involve dedicated lessons on stress placement, incorporating practical exercises and feedback mechanisms to help students develop a theoretical understanding and practical skills in pronouncing English words accurately. The study also encourages future research in related areas, suggesting a focus on other pronunciation problems like intonation. This broader approach to research can contribute to a more comprehensive understanding of the challenges Indonesian learners face in mastering English pronunciation that can provide a foundation for curriculum development and instructional strategies aimed at enhancing English language proficiency in Indonesia.
Research on Corrosion Characteristics of Towers and Grounding Grids in Power Systems

Due to the increasingly severe corrosion of transmission line towers and grounding grids by the environment in which they are located, we analyse the corrosion characteristics of transmission line towers and grounding grids and provide a theoretical basis for the stable operation of the power grid. This article studies the corrosion components composed of various factors, including water content, temperature, potential difference, area ratio of the cathode to anode, and accelerated corrosion time, through experimental simulation of heavy industrial pollution environment. The research results indicate that water content, potential difference between positive and negative electrodes, area ratio of positive and negative electrodes, and test temperature significantly impact the accelerated corrosion rate test results.
Impact of Fusarium Crown Rot on Root System Area and Links to Genetic Variation within Commercial Wheat Varieties

Fusarium crown rot (FCR), caused by the fungal pathogen Fusarium pseudograminearum (Fp), is a major constraint to cereal production worldwide. The pathogen restricts the movement of solutes within the plant due to mycelial colonisation of vascular tissue. Yield loss and quality downgrades are exacerbated by this disease under water stress conditions. Plant root systems are adaptive and can alter their architecture to optimise production in response to changes in environment and plant health. This plasticity of root systems typically favours resource acquisition of primarily water and nutrients. This study examined the impact of FCR on the root system architecture of multiple commercial bread and durum wheat varieties. Root system growth was recorded in-crop in large transparent rhizoboxes allowing visualization of root architecture over time. Furthermore, electrical resistivity tomography was used to quantify spatial root activity vertically down the soil profile. Results demonstrated a significant reduction in the total root length and network area with the inoculation of FCR. Electrical resistivity measurements indicated that the spatial pattern of water use for each cultivar was influenced differently from infection with FCR over the growing season. Specifically temporal water use can be correlated with FCR tolerance of the varieties marking this investigation the first to link root architecture and water use as tolerance mechanisms to FCR infection. This research has implications for more targeted selection of FCR tolerance characteristics in breeding programs along with improved specific varietal management in-crop.
GEOG RAPHIC VARIATION IN THE LEAF ESSENTIAL OILS OF JUNIPERUS CALIFORNICA

The volatile leaf oils of Juniperus californica were analyzed from throughout the species range in the United States. Three groups of J. californica were found: the Central Valley, the deserts of southern California, and a northwestern Arizona group. The oils of the Central Valley populations were very uniform and very low in α-pinene, with a moderate amount of sabinene, and high in camphor. Their oils contain 8 diterpenes not found in other J. californica populations. The oils from the southern California desert populations ranged from Vasek and Scora’s ‘Cal A’ oil [high in α-pinene (30.3%), sabinene (19.3%) and low in camphor (5.8%)] to ‘Cal B’ oil [moderate amounts of α-pinene and sabinene and a high concentration of camphor (21.9%)]. However, the chemical races of Vasek and Scora (1967) were found as a mosaic that did not fit any geographic pattern in southern California. The differentiation of the Central Valley populations appears to be due to a post-Pleistocene migration from germplasm in the southern California deserts. Phytologia 93(2): 245-259 (August 1, 2011).
Holding space at the margins: a decolonial approach to academic publishing in Africa

ABSTRACT Publishing in Africa has long been debated among academics in the global south who recognise the marginal status of African academics' ideas and knowledge. Many of the solutions proffered in global north academies, such as internationalisation and collaborative research, often fail to address specific issues that continue to mark the unequal status of publications from the continent because of the location of the interventions. More recently, a growing number of scholars have argued for a decolonial approach to thinking about African academic publishing. The current paper adds to this growing body of literature and examines alternative considerations to publishing in Africa. This article focuses on the idea of space holding as a tool for navigating the publishing world and suggests the conscientious work by editors, experimental writing and thinking, peer learning and identification of scholarly archives that aligns with theoretical and methodological needs of African scholars.
N-Channel MOSFET Reliability Issue Induced by Visible/Near-Infrared Photons in Image Sensors

Image sensors such as single-photon avalanched diode (SPAD) arrays typically adopt in-pixel quenching and readout circuits, and the under-illumination first-stage readout circuits often employs high-threshold input/output (I/O) or thick-oxide metal-oxide-semiconductor field-effect transistors (MOSFETs). We have observed reliability issues with high-threshold n-channel MOSFETs when they are exposed to strong visible light. The specific stress conditions have been applied to observe the drain current (Id) variations as a function of gate voltage. The experimental results indicate that photo-induced hot electrons generate interface trap states, leading to Id degradation including increased off-state current (Ioff) and decreased on-state current (Ion). The increased Ioff further activates parasitic bipolar junction transistors (BJT). This reliability issue can be avoided by forming an inversion layer in the channel under appropriate bias conditions or by reducing the incident photon energy.
ANALYSIS OF STUDENT SELECTION FOR SPORT SCIENCES FACULTIES: THE CASE OF SIVAS REPUBLIC UNIVERSITY, TURKEY

The interest in Physical Education and Sports Departments in Turkey is increasing every year and the number of faculties and colleges providing education in this field is increasing day by day. Special aptitude exams are held for student recruitment and the physical abilities of the candidates are tested in these exams. In Sivas Cumhuriyet University, the School of Physical Education and Sports was transformed into the Faculty of Sports Sciences. There are Physical Education and Sports Teaching, Coaching Education, and Sports Management departments within the faculty. Student admission is done by special aptitude exam every year. In recent years, there has not been a unity in the examinations of Physical Education and Sports Schools throughout Turkey, so there is a need for a scientific evaluation of the examination systems. In this study, the accuracy of different exam systems in our country is investigated and the effect of exam parameters on passing the exam is examined. Article visualizations:
Modelling spatial patterns of wildfire occurrence in South-Eastern Australia

ABSTRACT This paper describes the development and validation of spatial models for wildfire occurrence at a broad landscape scale. The hotspots databases from the Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) and logistic regression models are investigated for the comprehensive understanding of environmental and socioeconomic determinants regulating the spatial distribution of wildfires over the 11-year period 2003–2013. The probability of occurrence of at least one fire on a 1 km2 grid cell in a 1,030,000 km2 region located in South-Eastern Australia is studied for the prediction of future fire occurrence. Our research shows that wildfires are most likely to occur in mountainous areas, forests, savannas and lands with high vegetation coverage, and are less likely to occur on grasslands and shrublands. Wildfires also tend to occur in areas near human infrastructures. Environmental variables are strong individual predictors of fire occurrence while socioeconomic variables contribute more to the final model. The influence of environmental and socioeconomic conditions on wildfire occurrence and the spatial patterns of wildfires identified in this study can assist fire managers in implementing appropriate management actions in South-Eastern Australia. This paper also demonstrates the potential of applying the MODIS active fire product in wildfire occurrence studies.
Maladaptive cognitive regulation moderates the mediating role of emotion dysregulation on the association between psychosocial factors and non-suicidal self-injury in depression

Introduction Non-suicidal self-injury (NSSI) is highly prevalent in depression, and is associated with psychosocial factors, emotion dysregulation, and strategies of cognitive emotion regulation. However, the internal combination and interactions of these risk factors in depression remain unclear. Methods Data from 122 patients with depression, including 56 with NSSI and 66 without NSSI, were analyzed. Self-rating scales were used to assess psychosocial factors, emotion dysregulation, and cognitive regulation strategies. Sparse partial least squares discriminant analysis (sPLS-DA) was employed to explore internal combinations in each profile. A moderated mediation model was applied to examine their interactional relationship. Results The results identified an NSSI-related psychosocial profile characterized by high neuroticism, childhood trauma, poor family functioning, and low psychological resilience. Emotion dysregulation, including high levels of alexithymia, anhedonia, and emotion regulation difficulties, mediated the association between this psychosocial profile and NSSI. The mediated effect was further moderated by maladaptive cognitive regulation strategies. Limitations Lack of sufficient information on NSSI frequency and severity. Relatively small sample size for discussing the impact of gender and age of depressive patients with NSSI. Conclusion These findings hold important implications for the prevention, treatment, and rehabilitation of NSSI.
Sampling TMDL Implementation Rates and Patterns in the North Central US

The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) Total Maximum Daily Load (TMDL) program has accounted for the listing of over 40,000 impaired waters nationwide and the development of over 37,000 TMDLs since the program’s creation. Case-specific accounts of implementation are widespread, but the actual rate of implementing TMDLs nationally or regionally has remained virtually unknown because full census and tracking of every implemented practice would be an overwhelming if not impossible task. To gain insights on implementation, EPA’s TMDL Program Results Analysis Project conducted a sample-based analysis of TMDL implementation rates and characteristics in the six EPA Region 5 states (IL, IN, MI, MN, OH and WI). A probabilistic sample was drawn from all TMDLs established through FY2007. Sampled TMDLs were allocated proportionally to states based on each state’s total TMDL production. Regional but not specific state-level statistics were the goal of the study. Subpopulations of interest contrasted older (through FY2003) versus newer (FY2004 – FY2007) TMDLs, and nonpoint-source (NPS)-only TMDLs versus point source (PS)-only and mixed (PS/NPS) TMDLs. The project team extracted information on each of the 138 sample TMDLs and their proposed NPS and PS controls from EPA data systems in advance of working with each state to verify implementation rates and patterns across the Region. Findings demonstrated that, within a +/- 10% margin of error at 90% C.I. , an estimated 80.3% of Region 5 TMDLs were at least partially implemented. Full implementation was uncommon. No implementation was observed in approximately 20% of the sample, but the diffuse nature of control practices typical of many TMDLs made complete verification of every practice difficult. Among subpopulations, implementation rates did not differ significantly between older or newer TMDLs, but the mixed TMDLs implementation rate exceeded the NPS-only rate by 16.1%. Implementation plans existed for 79.6% of TMDLs, and NPS-only TMDLs showed more plans than the mixed TMDL subpopulation. TMDLs generated as part of large watershed, multiTMDL efforts comprised 13.2% more of the newer TMDLs subpopulation than the older TMDLs subpopulation. Post-analysis steps included exploring GIS data on the watershed traits of each sampled TMDL for other possible associations with patterns of implementation. Analysis of predominant land cover in the samples’ watersheds did not reveal significant differences among implementation rates associated with urbanized, heavily agricultural, lightly agricultural, and rural non-agricultural watersheds.
Effect of a Ketogenic Diet on Some Biochemical Parameters in Obese People

This study examined the effects of a few biochemical variables on obese Iraqi males and females with a 30.5 body mass index (BMI) when they were fed a ketogenic diet. The present study demonstrates how an individual who follows a ketogenic diet has an increase in low-density lipoprotein (LDL-cholesterol). This research's objective was to assess the levels of some biochemical variables in obese people who were eating a ketogenic diet. Following 35 days on a ketogenic diet, the results show a significantly higher P ≤ 0.05 level of low-density lipoprotein (LDL) and total cholesterol (TC). Additionally, insulin, fasting blood sugar (FBS), cortisol, HOMA-IR, urea, BMI, and creatinine all show a considerable reduction, P ≤ 0.05.
Nummulites alsharhani n.sp. (Late Lutetian) from Jabal Hafit and Al Faiyah: Western side of the Northern Oman Mountains, United Arab Emirates

Nummulites alsharhani n.sp. (Group: Nummulites distans) is taxonomically analysed and described from fossiliferous limestones on the western limb (Tle4) of Jabal Hafit anticline, Al-Ain area, and from Al-Faiyah Range Mountains (northeast of Jabal Al Aqabah, U.A.E.). This species evolved in parallel lineage with the phyletic line of Nummulites maximus d’ARCHIAC, 1850. The phylogeny of the lineage of Nummulites alsharhani is from tight to lax while the opposite trend is found in the lineage of Nummulites maximus. This species conforms well with that described from Turkey by DECROUEZ & SELCUK (1981) as Nummulites aff. maximus.
Peering Through the Digital Window: Assessing Online Disclosure of the Public Procurement Data in Bima City

This article explores the level of "online data disclosure" or "website-based transparency" concerning Open Government and Electronic Public Procurement. It specifically focuses on the availability and accessibility of procurement data on the official public procurement website of the Bima City Government, which can be found at https://lpse.bimakota. go.id/eproc4. The transparency indicator used by researchers to explore this issue is the Municipal Transparency Index (MTI) from Portugal's Transparência e Integridade Associação Cívica (TIAC). The unit of analysis boils down to website-based transparency of public procurement documents and the activities inherent in its management. The researchers used two types of data, namely (i) primary data, obtained directly through in-depth interviews with several informants determined by purposive sampling technique, from the management of the government's electronic procurement system; and (ii) secondary data, obtained through a literature study of official documents, mass media articles, internet news sites, and others. This research is intended to add to the empirical case study on the level of website-based transparency managed by local governments in Indonesia, where this aspect is reflected by data openness in its provision and accessibility, which is an important prerequisite for building transparency and a core part of the Open Government initiative. The official website of the Bima City Government's EPP currently does not show an indication of ideal openness in terms of data availability and accessibility, due to specific constraints in the form of budget limitations, staff competence, and the commitment of political leaders. Corruption allegations against certain elite in the city illustrate the vulnerability of goods and services procurement to the worst maladministration practices or abuse of power.
Numbers and distribution of New Zealand king shag (Leucocarbo carunculatus) colonies in the Marlborough Sounds, September-December 2006

A survey of the entire 1500 km coastline of the Marlborough Sounds between Sep - Dec 2006 located 9 king shag (Leucocarbo carunculatus) breeding colonies, including 2 new colonies. The total population was estimated at 687 birds, a figure similar to the 10-year average estimated for the period 1992-2002. The 4 largest colonies supported 85% of all birds recorded. The total population appears stable compared to earlier surveys, but there was a tendency for some of the smaller breeding colonies to be occupied only temporarily. Bell, M. 2010. Numbers and distribution of New Zealand king shag (Leucocarbo carunculatus) colonies in the Marlborough Sounds, September-December 2006. Notornis 57(1): 33-36.
A Hybrid of NHPP and Generalized Gaussian Mixture Model: A Combinatorial Approach for Background Elimination

For background removal, a software reliability model based on NHPP's combinatorial method and parametric modeling using the Chimp Optimization Algorithm (ChOA) and Generalized Gaussian Mixture Model is proposed in this paper. A novel combination of ChOA and GGMM algorithms with the NHPP strategy is devised to solve the major shortcomings of the original algorithms. The model is examined using the provided data set (COCO 2017). This methodology demonstrates how the suggested work more successfully recognizes background photos. The evaluation of the results is done by using several metrics like Accuracy, Recall, Precision, F-Score, Peak Signal Noise Ratio, and Mean Square Error. The outcomes are evaluated against several models based on frame differences, adaptive background removal, adaptive frame differences, and the Gaussian mixture model.
Analysis of the Influence of Socio-Demographic Variables and Some Nutrition and Lifestyle Habits on Beverage Consumption in the Spanish Population

Beverages and drinks play a significant role in maintaining the integral health of individuals. The aim of this study is to discover the pattern of beverage consumption in different groups of the Spanish population and to investigate its relationship with other nutritional variables and habits. To achieve the objectives, an observational, descriptive and cross-sectional study was conducted. For data collection, a questionnaire was designed and validated that explored different beverage and food consumption variables as well as socio-demographic and lifestyle variables. The instrument was disseminated, among the Spanish young adult population, through snowball sampling using social networks, collecting a sample of 17,541 valid surveys. Bivariate comparative analyses and correlation analyses were performed, and finally, the principal component analysis (PCA) method was used in order to study the relationships between variables related to drinking and health. The main results show significant differences in the pattern of beverage consumption between the socio-demographic variables of sex, age and educational level, as well as between different areas of Spain, while the PCA model shows the relationship between the consumption of sugar-sweetened beverages with the Healthy Nutrition Index of the population and sport practice. Based on the results of the study, the following conclusions were reached: the beverage consumption pattern of the Spanish population is affected by socio-demographic variables. Healthier drinking habits affect the nutrition and health of the population.