Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Same Same, but Different? Relations between Facets of Conscientiousness and Grit

The constructs grit and conscientiousness are closely connected. However, this relationship has not been analysed while accounting for the complex structure of conscientiousness and the multifaceted conception of grit (perseverance of effort; consistency of interest). In this study, we analysed the connection while considering the hierarchical structure of conscientiousness, differentiating between a superordinate factor, a first–level common factor (industriousness), and lower level unique factors. Drawing on two samples (N = 413, Mage = 15.29, and N = 530, Mage = 31.75), we applied an extension procedure for confirmatory factor analysis that enables a simultaneous investigation of the relationships on all levels. The perseverance facet of grit was tightly aligned to the common factors (95% shared variance) and was strongly related to the industriousness factor. Consistency shared less variance with the common factors of conscientiousness (53%), but it was additionally correlated with the self–discipline facet. The results for the global grit scale were most similar to the results for perseverance. Grit appears to be a construct that combines the superordinate and industrious aspects of conscientiousness and shares the unique aspect of the self–discipline facet; this suggests that grit and its facets can be fully integrated into the hierarchical structure of conscientiousness.
A fine-grained, controllable, user-to-user delegation method in RBAC

This paper addresses the issues surrounding user-to-user delegation in RBAC. We show how delegations can be incorporated into the RBAC model in a simple and straightforward manner. A special feature of the model is that it allows fine-grained control over what rights a user wishes to delegate as opposed to delegation at the role level where all the rights of a role must be delegated. In addition, the model provides a rich set of controls regarding further delegations of a right, generic constraints that further control delegations, and an innovative model for revocations. Properties of both delegation and revocation are discussed, and our work is compared with other related research.
Optimizing Russian Gender : A preliminary analysis

Research has established that nouns are assigned to gender classes as a function of meaning and shape (Corbett 1991, Comrie 1999). Once this point has been made for several individual languages, research should move towards the establishment of a typologically robust theory of gender assignment. One example of such a theory is optimal gender assignment theory (Rice 2004), which formalizes several of the key insights in Steinmetz’ (1985, 1986) theory. A robust theory of gender assignment must identify the general principles that are relevant for gender assignment, while at the same time providing a strategy for correctly assigning nouns to their gender category. The burdens on a theory of gender assignment also include the requirement that the theory be crosslinguistically robust. Finally, the construction of a theory of gender assignment should avoid theoretical idiosyncrasies and instead aspire to a formalism independently shown to be motivated for other domains of grammar.
Meander-line UHF RFID tag antenna loaded with split ring rersonator

In this paper, a new meander line UHF RFID tag antenna loaded with split ring resonator is presented. The antenna has a simple structure and low profile with only one layer of FR4 dielectric substrate and metallization. To achieve a good and impedance matching, the antenna has been loaded with a metamaterial structure (SRR). The obtained impedance bandwidth covers the American band (900–928 MHz). The proposed design provided quasi omnidirectional radiation pattern and radiation efficiency near to 90% in the operating band. The calculated reading range was 4.36 m at center frequency band.
Domain adaptation augmented by state-dependence

In the development of spoken dialog systems, domain adaptation and dialog state-dependent language model are usually researched separately. This paper proposes a new approach for domain adaptation augmented by the dialog state-dependence, which means a dialog turn based cache model decaying synchronously with the dialog state change. Through this approach it's more simple and rapid to adapt a Chinese spoken dialog system to a new task. Two different tasks, the train ticket reservation and the park guide are selected respectively as the target task in the experiments. The consistent reductions of perplexity and character error rate are observed during the adaptation.
The pathophysiology of lifelong premature ejaculation

For many decades it has been thought that lifelong premature ejaculation (PE) is only characterized by persistent early ejaculations. Despite enormous progress of in vivo animal research, and neurobiological, genetic and pharmacological research in men with lifelong PE, our current understanding of the mechanisms behind early ejaculations is far from complete. The new classification of PE into four PE subtypes has shown that the symptomatology of lifelong PE strongly differs from acquired PE, subjective PE and variable PE. The phenotype of lifelong PE and therefore also the pathophysiology of lifelong PE is much more complex. A substantial number of men with lifelong PE not only have PE, but also premature erection and premature penile detumescence as part of an acute hypertonic or hypererotic state when engaged in an erotic situation or when making love. As both erectio praecox, ejaculatio praecox, detumescentia praecox, and the hypererotic state are part of the phenotype lifelong PE, it is argued that lifelong PE is not only a disturbance of the timing of ejaculation but also a disturbance of the timing of erection, detumescence and arousal. Since 1998, the pathophysiology of lifelong PE was thought to be mainly mediated by the central serotonergic system in line with genetic polymorphisms of specific serotonergic genes. However, by accepting that lifelong PE is characterized by the reversible hypertonic state the hypothesis of mainly serotonergic dysfunction is no longer tenable. Instead, it has been postulated that the pathophysiology of lifelong PE is mediated by a very complex interplay of central and peripheral serotonergic, dopaminergic, oxytocinergic, endocrinological, genetic and probably also epigenetic factors. Progress in research of lifelong PE can only be accomplished when a stopwatch is used to measure the IELT and the cut-off point of 1 minute for the definition of lifelong PE is maintained. Current use of validated questionnaires, neglect of stopwatch research, clinically inexperienced investigators and inclusion of anonymous men in a study performed by the Internet endanger the continuation of objective research of lifelong PE.
Individual Differences in the Recognition of Enjoyment Smiles: No Role for Perceptual–Attentional Factors and Autistic-Like Traits

Adults show remarkable individual variation in the ability to detect felt enjoyment in smiles based on the Duchenne marker (Action Unit 6). It has been hypothesized that perceptual and attentional factors (possibly correlated to autistic-like personality traits in the normative range) play a major role in determining individual differences in recognition performance. Here, this hypothesis was tested in a sample of 100 young adults. Eye-tracking methodology was employed to assess patterns of visual attention during a smile recognition task. Results indicate that neither perceptual–attentional factors nor autistic-like personality traits contribute appreciably to individual differences in smile recognition.
Pseudo-Traveling-Wave Resonator With Magnetically Tunable Phase Gradient of Fields and Its Applications to Beam-Steering Antennas

A pseudo-traveling-wave resonator with magnetically tunable phase gradient of field distribution is investigated, and a new type of beam-steering antenna based on the resonator is experimentally demonstrated for the first time. It is a short-ended transmission-line resonator and is composed of a nonreciprocal phase-shift composite right/left-handed transmission line using a polycrystalline yttrium-iron-garnet rod. The resonator operates as zeroth-order resonator if there is no dc magnetic field, and the radiation beam directs to broadside. By increasing an externally applied dc magnetic field normal to the substrate, the effective dc magnetization in the ferrite increases under the unsaturated regime. The phase gradient of the field distribution along the resonator is then continuously increased. As a result, the radiation beam direction changes obliquely with respect to broadside. Continuous backfire-to-endfire beam steering with more than 40° was achieved with almost constant gain of 5 dBi. In addition, numerical simulation results show considerably high radiation efficiency of 85%-95%, and the measured beam angle and gain were found almost constant within the relative bandwidth of 2%.
Composition Kernel: A Software Solution for Constructing a Multi-OS Embedded System

Modern high-end embedded systems require both predictable real-time scheduling and high-level abstraction interface to their OS kernels. Since these features are difficult to be balanced by a single OS, some methods that accommodate multiple different versions of OS kernels, typically real-time OS and general purpose OS, into a single device have been proposed. The hybrid kernel, one of those methods, executes a general purpose OS kernel as a task of real-time OS which can support those features with reasonable engineering effort. However when adapting the approach to various combinations of OS kernels, which is required in the real-world embedded system design, the engineering effort of modifying the kernel becomes not negligible. This article introduce a method called a composition kernel which uses a thin abstraction layer for accommodating kernels without making direct dependencies between them. The authors developed the abstraction layer on an SH-4A processor and executed kernels on top of it. The amount of modifications to the kernels was significantly smaller than that in related work, while introducing only negligible verhead to the performance of the kernels.
The Heart-Placenta Axis in the First Month of Pregnancy: Induction and Prevention of Cardiovascular Birth Defects

Extrapolating from animal studies to human pregnancy, our studies showed that folate (FA) deficiency as well as one-time exposure to environmental factors in the first two to three weeks of human gestation can result in severe congenital heart defects (CHDs). Considering that approximately 49% of pregnancies are unplanned, this period of pregnancy can be considered high-risk for cardiac, as well as for neural, birth defects, as the woman usually is not aware of her pregnancy and may not yet be taking precautionary actions to protect the developing embryo. Using avian and mouse vertebrate models, we demonstrated that FA supplementation prevents CHD induced by alcohol, lithium, or elevation of the metabolite homocysteine, a marker for FA deficiency. All three factors affected the important Wnt signaling pathway by suppressing Wnt-mediated gene expression in the heart fields, resulting in a delay of cardiomyocyte migration, cardiomyogenesis, and CHD. Optimal protection of cardiogenesis was observed to occur with FA supplementation provided upon morning after conception and at higher doses than the presently available in prenatal vitamin supplementation. Our studies demonstrate pathways and cell processes that are involved with protection of one-carbon metabolism during heart development.
The presence of wild type p53 in hematological cancers improves the efficacy of combinational therapy targeting metabolism

Manipulation of metabolic pathways in hematological cancers has therapeutic potential. Here, we determined the molecular mechanism of action of the metabolic modulator dichloroacetate (DCA) in leukemic cells. We found that DCA induces the AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK)/p53 pathway with increased efficacy in tumors expressing wild type (wt p53). Clinically relevant, low concentrations of doxorubicin synergize in vitro and in vivo with DCA to further enhance p53 activation and to block tumor progression. Leukemia cell lines and primary leukemic cells containing mutant p53 are resistant to the above-described combination approach. However, DCA synergized with the Hsp90 inhibitor 17-AAG to specifically eliminate these cells. Our studies strongly indicate that depending on the p53 status, different combination therapies would provide better treatment with decreased side effects in hematological cancers.
Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) communication patterns in an emerging market

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to explore the concept of Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) communication. This paper specifically aims at introspecting into CSR communication patterns in the Egyptian context, where the top ten companies in the Egyptian Stock Exchange–Environmental, Social and Governance Index (EGX-ESG) are sampled. Design/methodology/approach The paper presents an exploratory study where content analysis of the communications of the ten top-listed companies in the ESG Index in Egypt was analyzed. Findings The results showed that most companies are using the “stakeholder information” strategy, with the “stakeholder involvement” strategy being the least used. Research limitations/implications The results are limited to the use of the content analysis method which is a qualitative methodology. Hence, the results should be generalized with caution. Practical implications CSR communication is crucial to the success of companies, regardless of business size, industry or culture. Several aspects of CSR communication, to this day, remain vague for academics and practitioners alike. Therefore, additional insights about the topic should be generated. The present work aids in the understanding of CSR communication as a facet of organizational change and a new trend in emerging markets. Social implications The current exploratory study sheds light on the topic of CSR communication in an important emerging market in transition, namely Egypt. The results of the communication strategies utilized by the top-listed companies can be generalized to other similar contexts. Originality/value The majority of the studies conducted on this particular topic took place in the USA and Europe; hence, few insights are provided about the concept in emerging markets.
Longitudinal dynamics of the HIV-specific B cell response during intermittent treatment of primary HIV infection

Background Neutralizing antibodies develop in natural HIV-1 infection. Their development often takes several years and may rely on chronic virus exposure. At the same time recent studies show that treatment early in infection may provide opportunities for immune preservation. However, it is unknown how intermittent treatment in early infection affects development of the humoral immune response over time. We investigate the effect of cART in early HIV infection on the properties of the memory B cell compartment following 6 months of cART or in the absence of treatment. The patients included participated in the Primo-SHM trial where patients with an early HIV-1 infection were randomized to no treatment or treatment for 24 or 60 weeks. Methods Primo-SHM trial patients selected for the present study were untreated (n = 23) or treated for 24 weeks (n = 24). Here we investigate memory B cell properties at viral set-point and at a late time point (respectively median 54 and 73 weeks) before (re)-initiation of treatment. Results At viral set-point, the memory B cell compartment in treated patients demonstrated significantly lower fractions of antigen-primed, activated, memory B cells (p = 0.006). In contrast to untreated patients, in treated patients the humoral HIV-specific response reached a set point over time. At a transcriptional level, sets of genes that showed enhanced expression in memory B cells at viral setpoint in untreated patients, conversely showed rapid increase of expression of the same genes in treated patients at the late time point. Conclusion These data suggest that, although the memory B cell compartment is phenotypically preserved until viral setpoint after treatment interruption, the development of the HIV-specific antibody response may benefit from exposure to HIV. The effect of viral exposure on B cell properties is also reflected by longitudinal changes in transcriptional profile in memory B cells over time in early treated patients.
A proxy architecture for reliable multicast in heterogeneous environments

IP Multicast has proven to be an e ective communication primitive for best e ort, large-scale, multi-point audio/video conferencing applications. While the best-e ort transport of real-time digital audio/video is a relatively straightforward and well understood problem, many other applications like multicast-based shared whiteboards and shared text editors are more challenging to design because their underlying media require reliable transport, i.e., a \reliable multicast" protocol. The design of scalable end-to-end reliable multicast protocols has unfortunately proven to be an especially hard problem, exacerbated by the enormous degree of network and system heterogeneity present in the Internet. In this paper, we propose to tackle the heterogeneity problem with a hybrid model for reliable multicast that relies in part on end-to-end loss recovery mechanisms and in part on intelligent and application-aware adaptation carried out within the network. In our framework, application-aware agents | or proxies | use detailed knowledge of application semantics to hide the e ects of heterogeneity from the rest of the system. We present a general architecture for proxy-based reliable multicast called the Reliable Multicast proXy (RMX) model and describe a prototype implementation of an RMX for a shared whiteboard application
Performance Analysis of Novel Prime Code Family in Coherent Optical CDMA Network

A novel prime code, hereby referred to as 'double- padded modified prime code', is introduced and employed in a coherent optical code-division multiple-access (OCDMA). We have analyzed this system signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) penalty as a function of the number of simultaneous users incurred to maintain an appropriate value of the bit-error rate (BER). As a coherent modulation the binary phase-shift keying (BPSK) is analyzed and finally signals are heterodyne-detected and processed at the receiver end. Also, in the analysis both the receiver noise and multiple access interference (MAI) are investigated.
Impact of genetic polymorphisms on chemotherapy toxicity in childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia

The efficacy of chemotherapy in pediatric acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) patients has significantly increased in the last 20 years; as a result, the focus of research is slowly shifting from trying to increase survival rates to reduce chemotherapy-related toxicity. At the present time, the cornerstone of therapy for ALL is still formed by a reduced number of drugs with a highly toxic profile. In recent years, a number of genetic polymorphisms have been identified that can play a significant role in modifying the pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of these drugs. The best example is that of the TPMT gene, whose genotyping is being incorporated to clinical practice in order to individualize doses of mercaptopurine. However, there are additional genes that are relevant for the metabolism, activity, and/or transport of other chemotherapy drugs that are widely use in ALL, such as methotrexate, cyclophosphamide, vincristine, L-asparaginase, etoposide, cytarabine, or cytotoxic antibiotics. These genes can also be affected by genetic alterations that could therefore have clinical consequences. In this review we will discuss recent data on this field, with special focus on those polymorphisms that could be used in clinical practice to tailor chemotherapy for ALL in order to reduce the occurrence of serious adverse effects.
Why is the universe accelerating

The universe appears to be accelerating, but the reason why is a complete mystery. The simplest explanation, a small vacuum energy (cosmological constant), raises three dicult issues: why the vacuum energy is so small, why it is not quite zero, and why it is comparable to the matter density today. I discuss these mysteries, some of their possible resolutions, and some issues confronting future observations.
Implementation of a new Single-phase Cycloconverter based on Single-phase Matrix Converter Topology using Sinusoidal Pulse Width Modulation with Passive Load Condit

In this work the single-phase matrix converter (SPMC) topology for cycloconverter operation are proposed for direct AC-AC conversion with step-down frequency operation. The well-known sinusoidal pulse width modulation (SPWM) scheme is used to synthesize the output. A Xilinx field programmable gate array (FPGA) was used to implement the controlling algorithm with IGBTs as power switching device. Prior to hardware implementation, simulations were performed to predict the behaviour. A laboratory model test-rig of the SPMC was developed to experimentally verify the result. Good agreement was obtained between simulation and laboratory experiments
An Immunity Based Hybrid Evolutionary Algorithm for Engineering Optimization

The immune system has been recognized possesses pattern recognition ability in which the lymphocytes can learn to distinguish selves and match a variety of pathogens. Consequently, sufficient antibodies are generated to eliminate the growth of the foreign antigens. This paper describes the inspiration from the immune system and how to apply immune system principles to develop the global unconstrained and constrained optimization algorithms. The features of the proposed approach contain: the affinity maturation in immune system has been employed as the primary principle, the real number code has been used as genes representation in this development; the modified expression strategy for constraints handling and a diverse multiplication generated in genetic algorithm. Numerical structural engineering optimization problems demonstrate that the proposed immunity based evolutionary approach has the solution consistency; avoiding premature and can achieve a robust final design.
Protective Effect of Astaxanthin on Liver Fibrosis through Modulation of TGF-β1 Expression and Autophagy

Liver fibrosis is a common pathway leading to cirrhosis and a worldwide clinical issue. Astaxanthin is a red carotenoid pigment with antioxidant, anticancer, and anti-inflammatory properties. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of astaxanthin on liver fibrosis and its potential protective mechanisms. Liver fibrosis was induced in a mouse model using CCL4 (intraperitoneal injection, three times a week for 8 weeks), and astaxanthin was administered everyday at three doses (20, 40, and 80 mg/kg). Pathological results indicated that astaxanthin significantly improved the pathological lesions of liver fibrosis. The levels of alanine aminotransferase aspartate aminotransferase and hydroxyproline were also significantly decreased by astaxanthin. The same results were confirmed in bile duct liagtion, (BDL) model. In addition, astaxanthin inhibited hepatic stellate cells (HSCs) activation and formation of extracellular matrix (ECM) by decreasing the expression of NF-κB and TGF-β1 and maintaining the balance between MMP2 and TIMP1. In addition, astaxanthin reduced energy production in HSCs by downregulating the level of autophagy. These results were simultaneously confirmed in vivo and in vitro. In conclusion, our study showed that 80 mg/kg astaxanthin had a significant protective effect on liver fibrosis by suppressing multiple profibrogenic factors.