Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Carbon monoxide poisoning (acute).

INTRODUCTION Carbon monoxide is an odourless, colourless gas, and poisoning causes hypoxia, cell damage, and death. Exposure to carbon monoxide is measured either directly from blood samples and expressed as a percentage of carboxyhaemoglobin, or indirectly using the carbon monoxide in expired breath. Carboxyhaemoglobin percentage is the most frequently used biomarker of carbon monoxide exposure. Although the diagnosis of carbon monoxide poisoning can be confirmed by detecting elevated levels of carboxyhaemoglobin in the blood, the presence of clinical signs and symptoms after known exposure to carbon monoxide should not be ignored. METHODS AND OUTCOMES We conducted a systematic review and aimed to answer the following clinical question: What are the effects of oxygen treatments for acute carbon monoxide poisoning? We searched: Medline, Embase, The Cochrane Library, and other important databases up to March 2007 (BMJ Clinical Evidence reviews are updated periodically; please check our website for the most up-to-date version of this review). We included harms alerts from relevant organisations such as the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) and the UK Medicines and Healthcare products Regulatory Agency (MHRA). RESULTS We found 12 systematic reviews, RCTs, or observational studies that met our inclusion criteria. We performed a GRADE evaluation of the quality of evidence for interventions. CONCLUSIONS In this systematic review, we present information relating to the effectiveness and safety of the following interventions: 100% hyperbaric oxygen, oxygen 28%, and oxygen 100% by non-re-breather mask.
Multi-Unit Activity contains information about spatial stimulus structure in mouse primary visual cortex

This study investigates the spatial and directional tuning of Multi-Unit Activity (MUA) in mouse primary visual cortex and how MUA can reflect spatiotemporal structures contained in moving gratings. Analysis of multi-shank laminar electrophysiological recordings from mouse primary visual cortex indicates a directional preference for moving gratings around 180°, while preferred spatial frequency peaks around 0.02 cycles per degree, which is similar as reported in single-unit studies. Using only features from MUA, we further achieved a significant performance in decoding spatial frequency or direction of moving gratings, with average decoding performances of up to 58.54% for 8 directions, and 44% correctly identified spatial frequencies against chance level of 16.7%.
Efficient Object Localization for Query-by-Subregion

Localizing an object in an image is a common task in the field of computer vision, and correlograms are often used for content-based image retrieval. This paper proposes an efficient object localization algorithm for query-by-sub region. The new algorithm utilizes correlogram back-projection in the chromaticity coordinates to handle the problem of sub-region querying. This approach enables users to identify and locate primary and candidate regions without the need for further information about the object through similar spatial color information. Experimental results show that the color correlogram is markedly much more effective than a color histogram for this task.
Summing up problems in bilingual specific language impairment: Why multiple influences may not be additive

The Keynote Article is a very welcomed, timely, and incisive review article that examines theoretical and clinical implications of research on bilingual development and specific language impairment (SLI). Paradis provides a considered examination of the available evidence and takes into account a number of potential influencing factors. In particular, I want to commend her discussion of potential compensatory mechanisms that may play a role in bilingual development in SLI. This is often a neglected area in discussions concerning SLI. I also want to highlight that I agree wholeheartedly with her conclusion that the evidence to date “leans toward a positive attitude toward dual language learning for children with SLI who are in a supportive context for bilingualism. ” This message is by no means universally accepted, nor is it put into action in therapeutic contexts across the United Kingdom and Europe. There is still much debate as to what type of advice should be given to parents and what the target language or languages of therapy should be (Harulow, 2008). This review article has therefore the potential not only to make a significant contribution to theory but also to practice.
Three Concepts of the International Flow of Social Work Practice in an Egyptian Context

Within the context of the continuously 25 January 2011 Egyptian Youth Revolution, an urgent need has arose to re-read, re-cast and re-structure the available knowledge in relation to the current Egyptian Life Parameters (ELPs; e.g. Dix, 1984), because the current ELPs have proved useless and failed to achieve what the Egyptian people have been hoping. Research has sought to re-understand the significance of youth to public discourse in Egypt. It found that Egyptian youth exceeded the conceptual categories of social scientists and Western observers, definitively demonstrating youth as subjects and agents of history (El Shakry, 2011). The current article is another example of this urgently needed revolutionary re-reading, re-casting, and understanding. It introduces new and innovative concepts such as transmission (transplantation) in relation to international flow of social work practice. It refuses the concept of “professional imperialism” as the only way of understanding this process. It also introduces and detailes the non-traditional authentization (e.g., to follow four steps). It clarifies how the three concepts of transmission (transplantation), authentization, and indigenization originated and produces a unique understanding of these three concepts that have been already differentiated from what has been found in the previous literature related to these concepts.
IL-8 Directly Enhanced Endothelial Cell Survival, Proliferation, and Matrix Metalloproteinases Production and Regulated Angiogenesis1

IL-8, a member of the chemokine family, has been shown to play an important role in tumor growth, angiogenesis, and metastasis. The objective of this study was to determine the mechanism of IL-8-mediated angiogenesis. We examined the direct role of IL-8 in angiogenesis by examining IL-8 receptor expression on endothelial cells and their proliferation, survival, and matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) production. We demonstrate that HUVEC and human dermal microvascular endothelial cells constitutively express CXCR1 and CXCR2 mRNA and protein. Recombinant human IL-8 induced endothelial cell proliferation and capillary tube organization while neutralization of IL-8 by anti-IL-8 Ab blocks IL-8-mediated capillary tube organization. Incubation of endothelial cells with IL-8 inhibited endothelial cell apoptosis and enhanced antiapoptotic gene expression. Endothelial cells incubated with IL-8 had higher levels of Bcl-xL:Bcl-xS and Bcl-2:Bax ratios. Furthermore, incubation of endothelial cells with IL-8 up-regulated MMP-2 and MMP-9 production and mRNA expression. Our data suggest that IL-8 directly enhanced endothelial cell proliferation, survival, and MMP expression in CXCR1- and CXCR2-expressing endothelial cells and regulated angiogenesis.
Fucoidan: Structure and Bioactivity

Fucoidan refers to a type of polysaccharide which contains substantial percentages of l-fucose and sulfate ester groups, mainly derived from brown seaweed. For the past decade fucoidan has been extensively studied due to its numerous interesting biological activities. Recently the search for new drugs has raised interest in fucoidans. In the past few years, several fucoidans’ structures have been solved, and many aspects of their biological activity have been elucidated. This review summarizes the research progress on the structure and bioactivity of fucoidan and the relationships between structure and bioactivity.
Inverse relation of physical activity and apolipoprotein AI to blood pressure in elderly women.

To study the relation of habitual physical activity, diet, and serum lipoproteins to blood pressure, a cross-sectional study was carried out in a cohort of 202 women, age 60-69 yr. Sitting, supine, and standing blood pressure was measured with a standard sphygmomanometer. Physical activity was assessed by questionnaire, diet by food records, serum lipoprotein cholesterol enzymatically, and apolipoprotein AI turbidimetrically. Among the women not taking antihypertensive medication (N = 127), the physically most active (physical activity 5 times per week or more) had sitting diastolic blood pressure of 86 mm Hg (adjusted for high-density-lipoprotein cholesterol, body mass index, and cardiovascular health status), which was 8 mm Hg lower (P = 0.007) than in the least active (physical activity twice per week or less) women. Subjects in the highest tertile of apolipoprotein AI (> 1.46 g.l-1) had a mean sitting systolic blood pressure of 147 mm Hg (adjusted for age, body mass index, and cardiovascular health status), which was 16 and 13 mm Hg lower (P = 0.001) than in women in the middle and lowest tertiles (< 1.32 g.l-1), respectively. The present data suggest that, in elderly women, regular physical activity is associated with a clinically significant lowering of diastolic blood pressure. Moreover, a higher level of serum apolipoprotein AI, the major protein component of high-density lipoprotein particles, is inversely associated with systolic blood pressure.
Simulation tools to compare and optimize mobility plans

In the last decades, cities faced considerable changes, making mobility planning a fundamental issue for their development. The city's complexity, caused by conflicting variables that influence urban behavior, makes necessary introducing a tool to forecast and evaluate the consequences of mobility plans, in order to propose plans aligned with the municipalities' goals. The aim of this research is to show how comparing two different models, based on different mobility plans, can be useful to develop or review a plan, thanks to detailed data of the use of every infrastructure, obtained through simulations. We considered samples of different urban mobility plans of the same city to show how the global behavior changes while changing infrastructures. The case study is the city of Barcelona, where in the last 10 years the municipality applied a new urban mobility plan, reviewed every 5 years (PMU 2008 and 2013). By using MATSim simulation tools, we realized two models of the infrastructure network: in both we built metro, train, tram and car networks. The main differences between the two models are the speed limit of the car network and the presence or absence of the bicycle network. By simulating the two models, we obtained data about the users for each means of transportation, the average travel time, the people traveling per hour and the average use of every station per hour. By setting a low speed limits and increasing the bike infrastructures, the results show that the average travel time decreases and the number of users of the bicycle network increases to the detriment of public and private transport. In particular, we show that the number of users of public transport decreases more than the private transport users. This behavior is probably related to the lack of bus network, not simulated in these models, suggesting that the metro network works properly only when it is integrated with a bus network.
THE LIKELIHOOD NODE DENSITY EFFECT AND CONSEQUENCES FOR EVOLUTIONARY STUDIES OF MOLECULAR RATES

Abstract Many molecular phylogenies show longer root-to-tip path lengths in species-rich groups, encouraging hypotheses linking cladogenesis with accelerated molecular evolution. However, the pattern can also be caused by an artifact called the node density effect (NDE): this effect occurs when the method used to reconstruct a tree underestimates multiple hits that would have been revealed by extra nodes, leading to longer root-to-tip path lengths in clades with more terminal taxa. Here we use a twofold approach to demonstrate that maximum likelihood and Bayesian methods also suffer from the NDE known to affect parsimony. First, simulations deliberately mismatching the simulation and reconstruction models show that the greater the model disparity, the greater the gap between actual and reconstructed tree lengths, and the greater the NDE. Second, taxon sampling manipulation with empirical data shows that NDE can still be present when using optimized models: across 12 datasets, 70 out of 109 sister path comparisons showed significant evidence of NDE. Unless the model fairly accurately reconstructs the real tree length—and given the complexity of real sequence evolution this may be uncommon—it will consistently produce a node density artifact. At commonly encountered divergence levels, a 10% underestimation of tree length results in ≥ 80% of simulated phylogenies showing a positive NDE. Bayesian trees have a slight but consistently stronger effect. This pervasive methodological artifact increases apparent rate heterogeneity, and can compromise investigations of factors influencing molecular evolutionary rate that use path lengths in topologically asymmetric trees.
Real-Time Measurements of Jet Aircraft Engine Exhaust

Abstract Particulate-phase exhaust properties from two different types of ground-based jet aircraft engines—high-thrust and turboshaft—were studied with real-time instruments on a portable pallet and additional time-integrated sampling devices. The real-time instruments successfully characterized rapidly changing particulate mass, light absorption, and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) content. The integrated measurements included particulate-size distributions, PAH, and carbon concentrations for an entire test run (i.e., “run-integrated” measurements). In all cases, the particle-size distributions showed single modes peaking at 20–40nm diameter. Measurements of exhaust from high-thrust F404 engines showed relatively low-light absorption compared with exhaust from a turboshaft engine. Particulate-phase PAH measurements generally varied in phase with both net particulate mass and with light-absorbing particulate concentrations. Unexplained response behavior sometimes occurred with the real-time PAH analyzer, although on average the real-time and integrated PAH methods agreed within the same order of magnitude found in earlier investigations.
Phonetic realization of the suffix-suppressed accentual phrase in Korean

Suffixes can surface or can be suppressed depending on context in Korean. Shin (1982) argues that the case markermarked phrases deliver new information, while the case marker-suppressed phrases given information. The tonal pattern of the Accentual Phrase in Korean, LHLH, is not specific to morphological constituents within the phrase but is a property of the phrase (Jun 1993). Given that prosody often distinguishes pragmatic meanings, this study aims to find the phonetic characteristics of the suffix-suppressed Accentual Phrase through a phonetic experiment. The results indicate that the case marker-marked and -suppressed phrases are realized differently with respect to the degree of AP-final rising and AP-final tone realization. Different phonetic realizations reflect that the suffix-suppressed AP functions differently from the suffix-marked AP in discourse.
The Structural Approach to Direct Practice in Social Work

THE CRAFT OF BOOK WRITING is an arduous one that takes tenacity and a good sense of humor. As with any adventure, many people are involved, all of whom are deserving of our thanks. We are indebted to those who helped with the actual production of the text. First, thanks must go to John Michel at Columbia University Press, who insisted that a new edition of this book was needed. Sadly, he made his transition from this life before this edition was completed. Shelley Reinhardt, our editor at Columbia University Press, guided us through the quagmire of regulations and, although new, did a fi ne job. Gregory McNamee, our copyeditor, is a special guy with a good heart and a sharp blue pencil. His edits were extremely helpful, since we both have trouble knowing where commas actually belong. We deeply value the suggestions, involvement, and willingness to help make this book bette r of those who read and responded to the manuscript draft, Susan Roche and Richard L. Edwards. We especially want to recognize Susan for her enormously helpful comments on our fi rst draft. Laura Gibson and Peggy McGuire computerized many of the fi gures from which the fi nal versions were derived, and they both deserve no small amount of thanks for all their work. Both, we believe, now have a better understanding of how demanding the creation of a text is. Finally, we thank our students. You may have no idea what a profound impact you have on us and on our writing. — Gale Goldberg Wood and Carol T. Tully
Body Odor as a Biometric Authentication

Research on biometrics has noticeably increased. Biometric systems such as Finger print, retinal scan, face, voice, iris, signature and hand geometry are in use today, but they have several drawbacks. Recent surveys revealed the uniqueness of human odor. The body odor as a biometric identifier has the lowest error rate (15%) in comparison to other biometric identifiers such as iris, fingerprints and face recognition. The advantage lies in the fact it is impossible to replicate human odor. Body odor exhibits strong authentication over other recently emerging biometric systems. This paper deals with the feasibility of creating a model system that authenticates people based on their body odor.
Leak Detection of Water Pipeline Using Wavelet Transform Method

In order to solve the leak problem from water pipeline, the principle of water pipeline leak detection using acoustic theory is elaborated and the location algorithm is given. A leak detection technique combines wavelet transform and cross-correlation technique is the focus in this paper. The leak location algorithm using wavelet transform for noise reduction before using cross-correlation technique to calculate the time arrival difference between the two vibration sensors. After wavelet transform denoising, by introducing the optimal maximum likelihood based on cross-correlation technique, the time delay estimate between the two sensors is precisely calculated and obtained. Then a compare between this method and basic cross-correlation method is conducted. Simulation results verifies the validity of the new measuring method.
The Social Dynamics of Trust: Theoretical and Empirical Research, 1985–2012

A phenomenology of everyday life reveals trust as an irreducibly social foundation of interaction in the lifeworld (Weigert 1981:77, 80ff; Weigert 1983:180ff). As such, trust is an objective social reality not reducible to individualistic psychological factors (Lewis and Smith 1980; Kasperson, Golding and Tuler 2005:33-35). This holistic turn adds theoretical robustness and scope to the construct of trust as a social a priori for all levels of social interaction, whether deeply interpersonal or globally transnational in character (Lewis and Weigert 1985b). Trust as a realist social a priori remains relevant throughout emerging sociohistorical eras, such as an aborning global and cosmopolitan postmodern society, wherein cooperative actions may afford realist possibilities of trust emerging among contemporaries who know each other as strangers (Weigert 2012). As postmodern society has generated both new opportunities and new challenges to trust at the interpersonal, organizational and cultural levels, crossdisciplinary research has intensified in all these areas (cf. Lane 2001). The brilliant theoretical insights pioneered by Georg Simmel and Niklas Luhmann that stimulated our early 1980′s interest in trust have been carried forward most forcefully in recent years by Guido Möllering (2001a, 2006). Möllering (2006) also provides a critical assessment of other contemporary concepts of trust that, as Weber and Carter (2002) have noted, offer multiple definitions that are built on a highly rational idea of trust qua expectation. The more rationalistic concept of trust contrasts to our traditional Simmelian view that the rational/cognitive dimension of trust is systemically related to both an emotional dimension and a behavioral dimension. Job (2005:5) similarly writes: “Few researchers see trust as a blend of the rational and the relational, for example, Lewis and Weigert (1985), and Dunn (2000, p. 76), who defines trust as both a ‘passion’, which is the ‘confident expectation of benign intentions in another free agent’, and a ‘modality of action’ which allows people to ‘cope with uncertainty over time. ” In his review of Piotr Sztompka’s (1999) Trust: A Sociological Theory, Möllering (2001b) captures this contrast in more figurative imagery: 90th Anniversary Reflections 25
Motor skills, attention and academic achievements. An intervention study in school years 1–3

The aim was to study effects of an extension of physical education and motor training on motor skills, attention and cognition during a period of three years. The study has two intervention groups (n = 152) that have physical activity and motor training one lesson every school day and one control group (n = 99) that has the school's ordinary physical education two lessons per week. The method is hypothetic‐deductive. The results confirm the hypothesis that children's motor skills improve with extended physical activity and motor training. The hypothesis that children's attention will improve cannot be confirmed. Although pupils in intervention groups have better attention in school year 2 than pupils in the control group, the differences do not remain in school year 3. The third hypothesis concerning academic achievements is confirmed by several results in Swedish and mathematics. The MUGI observation programme was found to be useful both as a screening and as a pedagogic instrument.
Incest versus abstinence: reproductive trade-offs between mate limitation and progeny fitness in a self-incompatible invasive plant

Plant mating systems represent an evolutionary and ecological trade-off between reproductive assurance through selfing and maximizing progeny fitness through outbreeding. However, many plants with sporophytic self-incompatibility systems exhibit dominance interactions at the S-locus that allow biparental inbreeding, thereby facilitating mating between individuals that share alleles at the S-locus. We investigated this trade-off by estimating mate availability and biparental inbreeding depression in wild radish from five different populations across Australia. We found dominance interactions among S-alleles increased mate availability relative to estimates based on individuals that did not share S-alleles. Twelve of the sixteen fitness variables were significantly reduced by inbreeding. For all the three life-history phases evaluated, self-fertilized offspring suffered a greater than 50% reduction in fitness, while full-sib and half-sib offspring suffered a less than 50% reduction in fitness. Theory indicates that fitness costs greater than 50% can result in an evolutionary trajectory toward a stable state of self-incompatibility (SI). This study suggests that dominance interactions at the S-locus provide a possible third stable state between SI and SC where biparental inbreeding increases mate availability with relatively minor fitness costs. This strategy allows weeds to establish in new environments while maintaining a functional SI system.