Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Presentation, Evaluation, and Treatment of Clavicle Fractures in Preschool Children Presenting to an Emergency Department

Clavicle fractures are a common injury among pediatric patients. Few data exist regarding specific etiologies and their management in the preadolescent patient. Our objective was to determine the specific source of injury and treatment techniques used in the youngest patient population. Methods: Study Design. A multicenter retrospective chart review study. Setting. Twenty New Jersey and New York emergency departments from January, 2000 to February, 2007. Subjects. Consecutive patients younger than 2 years with the primary or secondary diagnosis of "clavicle fracture" according to the International Classification of Diseases, Ninth Revision. A manual chart review was performed for specific data points. Results: Two hundred twenty-eight patients met the inclusion criteria. Complete charts were available for 189 patients: 0 to 6 months (n = 14), 6 to 12 months (n = 41), 12 to 18 months (n = 53), and 18 to 24 months (n = 81). Males comprised 56% of the patients. The 3 most common etiologies of clavicle fractures were as follows: fall from bed/crib, 34%; playful activity, 17%; and fall not otherwise specified (NOS), 16%. Analgesic medications were reported in 32% of children while in the emergency department, and 51% were given a prescription on discharge. The most common immobilization technique was sling in 43% of patients. No immobilization was performed 37% of the time. Two patients (1%) were reported to the Division of Youth and Family Services. Conclusions: In the youngest patient population, falling from a crib or bed is the most common etiology of clavicle fractures. Treatment for these injuries was found to be highly variable.
Planning and Multiculturalism: A Reflection on Australian Local Practice

This paper is set within the Australian local landscape of cultural diversity. Although urban research acknowledges that planning practice must be responsive to cultural diversity, there remains an often muted and erratic response on the ground. Planners have a responsibility to plan for the needs of all citizens who live and work in their locality. However, the notion of ‘planning for all’ is not an easy one to operationalize. This is related to the historical assumptions upon which planning rests and the difficulties that professionals have in understanding different communities and then seeking to plan for them through the use of traditional tools and with outdated and culturally assimilationist attitudes. Rather than blaming practitioners for not keeping pace with theoretical developments in understanding cultural diversity, the city and the consequent practical response that this infers, the paper offers suggestions for practical responses that are achievable in the context of the contemporary planning office. Changes in the professional's mindset and approach are also discussed using the concepts of reflexivity and cultural inclusivity.
Combined detection of respiratory and cardiac rhythm disorders by high-resolution differential cuff pressure measurement

The aim of this paper is to present a new, noninvasive method to detect respiratory and cardiac rhythm disorders. We measure pressure variations within a lightly inflated cuff wrapped around the wrist, related to changes in the blood arterial pressure. By suitable numerical processing, it is possible to extract from this signal the information on respiratory and cardiac rhythms, as well as to detect and differentiate a number of sleep disorders such as central and obstructive apneas. The main ideas are presented through exemplary results with comments.
The Neurocognitive Phenotype of Apathy following Acquired Brain Damage

Apathy is one of the most common neuropsychiatric sequelae of acquired brain damage. The disorder is usually defined in terms of observed deficits in motivation related behavioural, emotional, and cognitive aspects of goal directed activity. Most neuropsychological research on apathy has focused primarily on its associated neurocognitive correlates; particularly those related to executive dysfunction, or its association with other clinical syndromes like depression. Results from these studies have been mixed, probably reflecting the use of different neuropsychiatric samples and assessment tools, or reflecting the differences in the conceptualisation of apathy across studies. In this study we ask whether performance on ‘standard’ executive tests would distinguish brain-damaged patients with apathy symptoms from those without apathy. To potentially strengthen the power of the possible relationships between apathy and executive function we included brain-injured patients with varied aetiologies, and used a much broader range of ‘executive function’ tests than in previous studies. Results indicate that the Tower of Hanoi puzzle is sensitive to apathy symptoms. Patients with apathy symptoms were significantly impaired on the task compared to non-apathetic patients. Performance on the Wisconsin Card Sorting test, the Hayling and Brixton tests, and the Stroop test failed to show this distinction. We discuss these findings and their implications for treatment and rehabilitation.
Research Traditions, Analysis, and Synthesis in Social Psychological Theories

The decreased attenttion to dissonance theory in present-day social psychology is used to illustrate extratheoretical considerations that influence acceptance of a formulation in the scientific community. The authors suggest that dissonance theory currently receives less attention because its motivational emphasis is outside the core assumptions in the research tradition of the now dominant cognitive orientation They also believe social psychology currently favors an analytic over a synthetic approach to research and theorizing, leading to a decreased interest in "big picture" formulations covering many apparently different domains. The condition-seeking research strategy favored by many investigators is discussed. Although this strategy does not necessarily preclude a synthetic approach, it does encourage condition seeking because of its concern with conditions limiting the operation of a particular phenomenon. Finally, attention is given to other considerations (e.g., desire to be innovative) lessening the field's interest in existing theories.
Overexpression of Inducible Heat Shock Protein 70 in COS-1 Cells Fails to Protect From Cytotoxicity of Oxidized LDLs

Abstract —Oxidized low density lipoproteins (OxLDLs) are believed to play a central role in atherogenesis and to possess a wide variety of biological properties; among them, OxLDLs are cytotoxic to cultured vascular cells in that they induce necrosis and apoptosis. Moreover, OxLDLs are known to induce the expression of heat shock protein 70 (Hsp70), a protein that protects cells from several cytotoxic stimuli. To determine whether Hsp70 can protect cells against OxLDL-induced cytotoxicity, COS-1 cells were transfected with a construct containing human Hsp70. A number of cell lines permanently expressing Hsp70 were obtained, 1 of which (cos-Hsp70/10, with high Hsp70 expression) was selected for further studies. Hsp70 overexpression protected cells from toxic stimuli, such as H2O2, UV irradiation, and heat shock, suggesting that the overexpressed protein was functional. When incubated with OxLDLs, however, the clone overexpressing Hsp70 showed a significant decrease in viability, as determined by the [3H]adenine release assay (319.8±3.16% of control for transfected cells versus 217.6±6.08% for control cells exposed to 100 &mgr;g protein/mL of OxLDL), 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide assay (12.5±0.9% versus 28.9±1.99% of control, respectively), and LDH release (48.4±0.04% versus 15.2±0.06% of control cells). The increased expression of Bax and the decreased expression of Bcl-2 (a proapoptotic and an antiapoptotic protein, respectively) in cos-Hsp70/10 cells and in control cells on incubation with OxLDLs suggested that overexpression of Hsp70 did not confer protection against apoptosis induced by OxLDLs. The analysis of nucleosome content and the nuclear staining with Hoechst 33258 confirmed this finding. These data suggest that overexpression of Hsp70 not only fails to protect COS-1 cells against OxLDL-induced apoptosis but rather confers a higher sensitivity to the cytotoxic action of these lipoproteins. Thus, the Hsp70 response, although induced by OxLDLs, cannot protect cells from lipoprotein toxicity.
Role of Organizational Identification on Implicit Leadership Theories (ILTs), Transformational Leadership and Work Attitudes

This investigation explores the effects of organizational identification on employees’ Implicit Leadership Theories (ILTs) and the perception of leader behaviors. The study involved a cross-sectional survey of 439 employees from seven companies based in South Wales. Respondents completed two questionnaires that measured their organizational identification, ILTs, recognition of ILTs in their manager, manager’s leadership behaviors (transactional and transformational), and psychological reactions (job satisfaction, well-being, and turnover intentions). The level of organizational identification did not affect the prototype of an ideal work-based leader. However, high organizational identification was associated with more positive ratings on the actual manager, the extent to which their manager displayed transactional and transformational behaviors, and with more positive psychological reactions to work. Employees high in organizational identification based their judgments of their leader’s transactional and transformational behaviors on the extent to which they recognized their leader as possessing leadership traits. However, those low on organizational identification allowed their prototype of their ideal leader to bias their judgment of their actual leader’s behavior. Finally, there was partial support for the augmenting hypothesis (that tranformational leadership would predict additional variance in psychological outcomes above that predicted by transactional leadership) for those high in organizational identification but not for those low in organizational identification.
Understanding Skill Acquisition: The Enactive vs. the Ecological Approach and Some Consequences

This theoretical contribution aims at shedding light on the XVHRIWKHQRWLRQRI�µHQDFWLYH∂� in research on direct perception and on its contribution to the understanding of skill acquisition. While its founders Varela et al. (1991) in the work µ7KH�(PERGLHG�0LQG∂� have stressed the specificity of the enactive approach and have insisted on the difference between the enactive and the ecological approach, ecological research tends to use the term µHQDFWLYH∂� as a general umbrella term to indicate intrinsically active perception. This contribution makes the point that the VSHFLILFLW\� RIWKHQRWL RQRI� µHQDFWLYH∂� FDQQRW be
Movement Science: Implicit and Explicit Processes during Acquisition of Functional Skills

Two processes are proposed to mediate skill learning. Through an explicit process, the performer develops a set of correspondences between his/her morphology and the environmental constraints leading to goal-attainment. The second, implicit learning process underlies the dynamics of force generation and determines efficiency of performance. These interdependent processes operate in parallel, change at different rates, and give rise to internal models regulating different motor control functions. To facilitate these two learning processes, therapy should differ. For explicit learning, therapists can tap into consciously available processes and directly instruct the performer about key environmental features, movement organization, and task-relevant feedback. These interventions are not useful to enhance force generation, as such processes are not consciously available. For implicit learning, therapists must creatively structure the environment to compel appropriate force generation as an indirect consequen.
Aging and emotional expressions: is there a positivity bias during dynamic emotion recognition?

In this study, we investigated whether age-related differences in emotion regulation priorities influence online dynamic emotional facial discrimination. A group of 40 younger and a group of 40 older adults were invited to recognize a positive or negative expression as soon as the expression slowly emerged and subsequently rate it in terms of intensity. Our findings show that older adults recognized happy expressions faster than angry ones, while the direction of emotional expression does not seem to affect younger adults’ performance. Furthermore, older adults rated both negative and positive emotional faces as more intense compared to younger controls. This study detects age-related differences with a dynamic online paradigm and suggests that different regulation strategies may shape emotional face recognition.
Robust motion filtering as an enabler to video stabilization for a tele-operated mobile robot

An increasing number of inspection and hazardous environment tasks use mobile robotic vehicles manually tele-operated via a live video feed from an on-board camera. The resulting video imagery frequently suffers from vibration artefacts compromising the accuracy and security of operation in addition to the viable duration for human tele-operation. Here we aim to automatically remove these unwanted visual effects using a novel real-time video stabilization approach. Prior work for hand-held and vehicle mounted cameras is ill-suited to the high-frequency, large magnitude (10-15% of image size) vibration encountered on the short wheelbase, non-suspended robotic platforms typically deployed for such tasks. Without prior knowledge of the robot ego-motion (or vibration characteristics) we develop a novel four stage filtering approach to identify robust Local Motion Vectors (LMV) for Global Motion Vector (GMV) estimation in successive video frames whilst preserving the required real-time responsiveness for tele-operation. Experimental results over a range of tele-operation scenarios show that the method provides both significant qualitative visual improvement and a quantitative reduction in measurable video image displacement (caused by vibration).
Hyperdopaminergic Mutant Mice Have Higher “Wanting” But Not “Liking” for Sweet Rewards

What is the role of dopamine in natural rewards? A genetic mutant approach was taken to examine the consequences of elevated synaptic dopamine on (1) spontaneous food and water intake, (2) incentive motivation and learning to obtain a palatable sweet reward in a runway task, and (3) affective “liking” reactions elicited by the taste of sucrose. A dopamine transporter (DAT) knockdown mutation that preserves only 10% of normal DAT, and therefore causes mutant mice to have 70% elevated levels of synaptic dopamine, was used to identify dopamine effects on food intake and reward. We found that hyperdopaminergic DAT knockdown mutant mice have higher food and water intake. In a runway task, they demonstrated enhanced acquisition and greater incentive performance for a sweet reward. Hyperdopaminergic mutant mice leave the start box more quickly than wild-type mice, require fewer trials to learn, pause less often in the runway, resist distractions better, and proceed more directly to the goal. Those observations suggest that hyperdopaminergic mutant mice attribute greater incentive salience (“wanting”) to a sweet reward in the runway test. But sucrose taste fails to elicit higher orofacial “liking” reactions from mutant mice in an affective taste reactivity test. These results indicate that chronically elevated extracellular dopamine facilitates “wanting” and learning of an incentive motivation task for a sweet reward, but elevated dopamine does not increase “liking” reactions to the hedonic impact of sweet tastes.
Synchronous Overexpression of Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor and HER2-neu Protein Is a Predictor of Poor Outcome in Patients with Stage I Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer

Purpose: Despite maximal therapy, surgically treated patients with stage I non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) are at risk for developing metastatic disease. Histopathologic findings cannot adequately predict disease progression, so there is a need to identify molecular factors that serve this purpose. Because the ErbB receptors play an important role in lung cancer progression, we analyzed the expression of epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR), phosphorylated EGFR, transforming growth factor α (TGFα), and HER2-neu as potential prognostic factors in stage I NSCLC. Experimental Design: Using immunohistochemical techniques, we retrospectively analyzed formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded samples from 111 patients with resected pathological stage I NSCLC. Then we correlated these data with patient clinical outcome. Results: Median follow-up was 69.3 months. EGFR overexpression (defined as >10% membranous staining) was found in 66 tumors (59.5%). It was significantly more common in T2 tumors than in T1 tumors (P = 0.001), and in more squamous cell carcinomas than in adenocarcinomas (P = 0.07). HER2-neu overexpression was found in 19 tumors (17.1%) and was significantly more common in adenocarcinomas than in squamous cell carcinomas (P = 0.035). Synchronous overexpression of EGFR and HER2-neu was found in 11 tumors (9.9%). Patients with these tumors had a significantly shorter time to recurrence (P = 0.006) and a trend toward shorter overall survival (P = 0.093). Phosphorylated EGFR and transforming growth factor α were detected but were not related to prognosis. Conclusions: Synchronous overexpression of EGFR and HER2-neu at the protein level predicts increased recurrence risk and may predict decreased survival in patients with stage I NSCLC. This suggests that important interactions take place among the different members of the ErbB family during tumor development and suggests a method for choosing targeted therapy. A prospective study is planned.
Implementing shared decision making in the NHS: lessons from the MAGIC programme

Jose p h-Willia ms, N a t alie , Lloyd, Amy , E dw a r d s , Adria n , S tob b a r t , Lynn e, Tomson, David, M a c p h ail, S h eila, Dod d, Ca role, Brain, Kat h e rin e , Elwyn, Glyn a n d Tho m so n, Rich a r d 2 0 1 7. Im ple m e n ting s h a r e d d e cision m a kin g in t h e N H S: les sons fro m t h e MAGIC p ro g r a m m e. Bri tish M e dic al Jour n al (BMJ) 3 5 7 , j174 4. 1 0.11 3 6/b mj.j174 4 file
An Examination of Blood Lead Levels in Thai Nielloware Workers

Objectives The objectives of this study were to determine the lead levels in blood samples from nielloware workers, to determine airborne lead levels, to describe the workers' hygiene behaviors, and to ascertain and describe any correlations between lead levels in blood samples and lead levels in airborne samples. Methods Blood samples and airborne samples from 45 nielloware workers were collected from nielloware workplaces in Nakhon Sri Thammarat Province, Thailand. Lead levels were determined by flame atomic absorption spectrometry (FAAS), at a wavelength of 283.3 nm. FAAS was used especially adequate for metals at relatively high concentration levels. Results The geometric mean of the 45 airborne lead levels was 81.14 µg/m3 (range 9.0-677.2 µg/m3). The geometric mean blood lead level of the 45 workers was 16.25 µg/dL (range 4.59-39.33 µg/dL). No worker had a blood lead level > 60 µg/dL. A statistically significantly positive correlation was found between airborne lead level and blood lead levels (r = 0.747, p < 0.01). It was observed that personal hygiene was poor; workers smoked and did not wash their hands before drinking or eating. It was concluded that these behaviors had a significant correlation with blood lead levels (p < 0.001). Conclusion Improvements in working conditions and occupational health education are required due to the correlation found between blood leads and airborne lead levels.
Diplexer for terahertz-wave integrated circuit using a photonic-crystal slab

We design a compact diplexer by using a silicon photonic-crystal directional coupler having a length that is comparable to the wavelength for terahertz-wave communication integrated circuits. We experimentally demonstrate gigabit frequency-division communication in the 0.32-THz band by using a wavelength-scale (~1-mm length) diplexer.
When Child Development Meets Economic Game Theory: An Interdisciplinary Approach to Investigating Social Development

Game theory has been one of the most prominent theories in the social sciences, influencing diverse academic disciplines such as anthropology, biology, economics, and political science. In recent years, economists have employed game theory to investigate behaviors relating to fairness, reciprocity, and trust. Surprisingly, this research has not found much resonance in psychological research on social development, even though the two disciplines share a common interest in explaining similar social behaviors and phenomena. We argue that combining economic game theory with developmental psychology can prove to be valuable for both disciplines: developmental psychology can contribute its knowledge about the ontogenesis of social abilities and competencies to economic research, thus providing economists with new theories and understanding. Game theory, on the other hand, can offer developmental psychologists new methodologies and tools for investigating social development.
The Effect of Scheduling Discipline on Spin Overhead in Shared Memory Parallel Systems

Spinning, or busy waiting, is commonly employed in parallel processors when threads of execution must wait for some event, such as synchronization with another thread. Because spinning is purely overhead, it is detrimental to both user response time and system throughput. The effects of two environmental factors, multiprogramming and data-dependent execution times, on spinning are discussed, and it is shown how the choice of scheduling discipline can be used to reduce the amount of spinning in each case. >
Direct and Relational Bullying Among Children and Adolescents: Coping and Psychological Adjustment

Previous research highlighted that pupils actively involved in bullying and victimization are prone to develop diverse psychological problems. The overall aim of our study was to investigate effects of different forms of bullying and victimization on coping with interpersonal stressors and psychological adjustment among children and adolescents. Moreover, the additional contribution of coping in the prediction of effects of direct and relational bullying on psychological adjustment was examined. Four hundred and nine 6th to 9th graders (aged 10—16 years) completed self-report measures, which assessed experiences with bullying and victimization, coping strategies and psychological problems. All forms of victimization were characterized by an increased maladaptive coping as well as heightened emotional and behavioural problems with the most unfavourable pattern among pupils confronted with direct as well as relational victimization. Direct aggressors only and pupils bullying others directionally and relationally showed enhanced externalizing problems. Regression analyses indicated that the adverse effects of direct and, to a lesser degree, relational bullying and victimization on psychological adjustment were primarily enhanced by maladaptive coping among girls and boys. By applying preventive interventions, which are tailored to special needs of the groups actively involved in bullying and victimization, the risk for the development of psychological problems may be effectively diminished.