Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Pre-versus post-exercise protein intake has similar effects on muscular adaptions

The purpose of this study was to test the anabolic window theory by investigating muscle strength, hypertrophy, and body composition changes in response to an equal dose of protein consumed either immediately pre- versus post-resistance training (RT) in trained men. Subjects were 21 resistance-trained men (> 1 year RT experience) recruited from a university population. After baseline testing, participants were randomly assigned to 1 of 2 experimental groups: a group that consumed a supplement containing 25g protein and 1g carbohydrate immediately prior to exercise (PRE-SUPP) (n = 9) or a group that consumed the same supplement immediately post-exercise (POST-SUPP) (n = 12). The RT protocol consisted of 3 weekly sessions performed on non-consecutive days for 10 weeks. A total-body routine was employed with 3 sets of 8-12 repetitions for each exercise. Results showed that pre- and post-workout protein consumption had similar effects on all measures studied (p > 0.05). These findings refute the contention of a narrow postexercise anabolic window to maximize the muscular response and instead lends support to the theory that the interval for protein intake may be as wide as several hours or perhaps more after a training bout depending on when the pre-workout meal was consumed . Abstract The purpose of this study was to test the anabolic window theory by investigating muscle 25 strength, hypertrophy, and body composition changes in response to an equal dose of protein 26 consumed either immediately pre- versus post-resistance training (RT) in trained men. Subjects 27 were 21 resistance-trained men (> 1 year RT experience) recruited from a university population. 28 After baseline testing, participants were randomly assigned to 1 of 2 experimental groups: a 29 group that consumed a supplement containing 25g protein and 1g carbohydrate immediately 30 prior to exercise (PRE-SUPP) (n = 9) or a group that consumed the same supplement 31 immediately post-exercise (POST-SUPP) (n = 12). The RT protocol consisted of 3 weekly 32 sessions performed on non-consecutive days for 10 weeks. A total-body routine was employed 33 with 3 sets of 8-12 repetitions for each exercise. Results showed that pre- and post-workout 34 protein consumption had similar effects on all measures studied (p > 0.05). These findings refute 35 the contention of a narrow post-exercise anabolic window to maximize the muscular response 36 and instead lends support to the theory that the interval for protein intake may be as wide as 37 several hours or perhaps more after a training bout depending on when the pre-workout meal was 38 consumed. Effect sizes were small for both groups. Overall the findings show a modest reduction in body fat for both groups over the course of the study.
Spectral analysis of Ahuna Mons from Dawn mission's visible‐infrared spectrometer

Ahuna Mons is the highest mountain on Ceres. A unique complex in terms of size, shape, and morphology, Ahuna is bordered by flanks of the talus around its summit. Recent work by Ruesch et al. ( ) based on Dawn's Framing Camera images shed light on the possible origin of Ahuna Mons. According to Ruesch et al. (2016), Ahuna Mons is formed by a volcanic process involving the ascent of cryomagma and extrusion onto the surface followed by dome development and subsequent spreading. Here we analyzed in detail the composition of Ahuna Mons, using data acquired by the visible and infrared spectrometer aboard Dawn. The spectral analysis reveals a relatively high abundance of carbonates and a nonhomogeneous variation in carbonate composition and abundance along Ahuna's flanks, associated with a lower amount of the Ceres's ubiquitous NH4‐phyllosilicates over a large portion of the flanks. The grain size is coarser on the flanks than in the surrounding regions, suggesting the presence of fresher material, also compatible with a larger abundance of carbonates. Thermal variations are seen in Ahuna, supporting the evidence of different compactness of the surface regolith in specific locations. Results of the spectral analysis are consistent with a possible cryovolcanic origin which exposed fresher material that slid down on the flanks.
Cluster activation theory as an explanation of the linear dependence between formation rate of 3nm particles and sulphuric acid concentration

According to atmospheric observations new particle formation seems to be a function of sulphuric acid concentration to the power from one to two. The nucleation theorem then predicts that the critical cluster contains one to two sulphuric acid molecules. However, existing nucleation theories predicts that the power is more (or equal) than 2. Here we present an activation theory, which can explain the observed slope. In cluster activation the clusters containing one sulphuric acid molecule will activate for further growth due to heterogeneous nucleation, heterogeneous chemical reactions including polymerization or activation of soluble clusters. In the activation process organic vapours are typically needed as condensing agents.
Expressiveness and Complexity of XML Schema

The common abstraction of XML Schema by unranked regular tree languages is not entirely accurate. To shed some light on the actual expressive power of XML Schema, intuitive semantical characterizations of the Element Declarations Consistent (EDC) rule are provided. In particular, it is obtained that schemas satisfying EDC can only reason about regular properties of ancestors of nodes. Hence, w.r. t. expressive power, XML Schema is closer to DTDs than to tree automata. These theoretical results are complemented with an investigation of the XML Schema Definitions (XSDs) occurring in practice, revealing that the extra expressiveness of XSDs over DTDs is only used to a very limited extent. As this might be due to the complexity of the XML Schema specification and the difficulty to understand the effect of constraints on typing and validation of schemas, a simpler formalism equivalent to XSDs is proposed. It is based on contextual patterns rather than on recursive types and it might serve as a light-weight front end for XML Schema. Next, the effect of EDC on the way XML documents can be typed is discussed. It is argued that a cleaner, more robust, larger but equally feasible class is obtained by replacing EDC with the notion of 1-pass preorder typing (1PPT): schemas that allow to determine the type of an element of a streaming document when its opening tag is met. This notion can be defined in terms of grammars with restrained competition regular expressions and there is again an equivalent syntactical formalism based on contextual patterns. Finally, algorithms for recognition, simplification, and inclusion of schemas for the various classes are given.
Public perceptions to travel demand management measures in Lahore, Pakistan

This study aims to analyze travel behavior pattern, and identify the nature of relationships among socio-economic demographics (SEDs) and travel demand management (TDM) measures. A questionnaire survey was conducted in Lahore, Pakistan and 631 samples were collected. Initially, cross analysis of vehicle ownership and modal share was conducted to classify the sample into four segments, i.e., car oriented, motorcycle oriented, public transport roiented, and non-motorized modes oriented. The results of cross analysis indicated that the use of cars increased with an increase in education level, and decreased with size of the households. People having private vehicles prefer to use those, instead of availing public transport. However, most of the private vehicle users have favorable evaluation of public transport improvement strategy. Perceptions for TDM measures vary among the four segments of mode users. Optimal ranking of TDM measures places advance traffic information and public transport improvement at the top, and parking charges and fuel tax at the bottom. Ordinal regression analysis was conducted by applying Logit model, and relationships were determined among various SED variables and TDM measures. Modeling results revealed that income, education, gender, and current travel mode are significant determinants of commuter’s attitudes towards the selected TDM measures. Among all factors, respondent’s education level was observed to be the most influencing factor. However, different SED factors affect the consideration of TDM measures differently. The results of this study can help the transport planners and policy makers in arriving at appropriate TDM measures for specific segment of the travel market.
FastRoute : A Scalable Load-Aware Anycast Routing Architecture for Modern CDNs

Performance of online applications directly impacts user satisfaction. A major component of the user-perceived performance of the application is the time spent in transit between the user’s device and the application existing in data centers. Content Delivery Networks (CDNs) are typically used to improve user-perceived application performance through a combination of caching and intelligent routing via proxies. In this paper, we describe FastRoute, a highly scalable and operational anycastbased system that has significantly improved the performance of numerous popular online services. While anycast is a common technique in modern CDNs for providing high-performance proximity routing, it sacrifices control over the load arriving at any individual proxy. We demonstrate that by collocating DNS and proxy services in each FastRoute node location, we can create a highperformance, completely distributed system for routing users to a nearby proxy while still enabling the graceful avoidance of overload an any individual proxy.
VeCare: Statistical Acoustic Sensing for Automotive In-Cabin Monitoring

On average, every 10 days a child dies from in-vehicle heat-stroke. The life-threatening situation calls for an automatic Child Presence Detection (CPD) solution to prevent these tragedies. In this paper, we present V E C ARE , the ﬁrst CPD system that leverages existing in-car audio without any hardware changes. To achieve so, we explore the fundamental properties of acoustic reﬂection signals and develop a novel paradigm of statistical acoustic sensing , which allows to detect motion, track breathing, and estimate speed in a uniﬁed model. Based on this, we build an accurate and robust CPD system by introducing a set of techniques that overcome multiple challenges concerning sound interference and sensing coverage. We implement V E C ARE using commodity speakers and a single microphone and conduct experiments with infant simulators and adults, as well as 15 young children for the real-world in-car study. The results demonstrate that V E C ARE achieves an average detection rate of 98.8% with a false alarm rate of 2.1% for 15 children in various cars, boosting the coverage by over 2.3 × compared to state-of-the-art and achieving whole-car detection with no blind spot.
Iceberg ploughmarks in the SW Barents Sea imaged using high-resolution P-Cable 3D seismic data

Iceberg ploughmarks are common features of glaciated continental margins worldwide. They form when iceberg keels plough through sediments on the ocean floor. They occur in various sizes and shapes, but generally exhibit a linear or curvilinear geometry. The SW Barents Sea is a heavily glaciated margin and its seafloor shows numerous ploughmarks among other glacial landforms (Andreassen et al. 2008). We present seafloor features formed during the late Weichselian glaciation (Solheim et al. 1990) imaged using high-resolution P-Cable 3D seismic data. P-Cable 3D seismic data have a spatial resolution of 6×6 m which is better than many hull-mounted multibeam systems, particularly in deep water. However, the cumulative seismic response of the seafloor is slightly different due to the lower-frequency bandwidth (30–350 Hz) of P-Cable compared to multibeam systems (up to 500 kHz). In addition, amplitude information is readily available and complements grid-based interpretations. Numerous linear and curvilinear depressions occur on the seafloor near …
Original Papers

The purpose of this study was to investigate the mediational role of relational psychological contract in social beliefs and work input attitude dependency. We analyzed data taken from employees (N = 258) in four different organizations operating in the Pomeranian market. A mediation analysis showed a strongly mediating role of psychological contract in the negative relationship between perception of life as a zero-sum game (BZSG) and work input. The motivational effect of the relational psychological contract, that is the role of job security, interesting work, a career in the company, opportunities for promotion and other HRM practices prevail over the significance of personal beliefs, especially when these are negative. If the company lacks the appropriate HRM systems then day-to-day social exchanges can be crucial in modifying the social beliefs of the employee.
Bulletin of Electrical Engineering and Informatics

Received May 26, 2022 Revised Aug 8, 2022 Accepted Sep 3, 2022 In this paper a self-startup DC-DC boost converter for thermal energy harvesting applications is presented. A startup circuit boosts an internal supply voltage using a low voltage generated from a thermoelectric generator to operate the internal circuitry of the converter. To reduce power dissipation, the startup circuit is disabled after the startup operation is finished. A boosted output voltage is obtained by alternating an auxiliary converter for the internal supply voltage and a main converter for the output voltage. The converter has been implemented in a 0.35 μm complementary metal–oxide–semiconductor (CMOS) process. Measurement results shows that the designed converter is capable of generating an output voltage close to 3V from an input voltage of 200 mV, and can provide a maximum output power of 278 μW with an end-to-end power efficiency of 46.5%. It occupies an active area of 0.36 mm.
The Switching of Learning Management System: A Case Study on UUM Online Learning Acceptance

Learning Management System (LMS) has been widely used in most of education institutions. In order to stay relevant, changes and improvement must be implemented from time to time. Thus, Universiti Utara Malaysia (UUM) has taken several actions for UUM’s LMS to evolve and be competent. This paper begins with some introduction on LMS and the chronology of LMS in UUM. Then, this paper continues with the next section explaining the need of switching from the current LMS, Learning zone to UUM Online Learning. This paper further describes the research method undertaken in this study in section III, presents the results and findings in section IV and conclude the paper in the last section.
Adaptive Synchronization of Chaotic Systems with Known Response System Parameters

A kind of adaptive synchronous control method was proposed to solve a special synchronization problem between two chaotic systems, where the response system is totally known without uncertainty but the driven system contains both unknown parameters and uncertain nonlinear functions. An update law of estimation of unknown parameters of driven system by constructing a proper Lyapunov energy function and the stability of the whole system was guaranteed by Lyapunov stability theorem. What is worthy pointing out is that the chaotic systems are not required to satisfy the Lipscitz condition. At last, detailed numerical situation was done to show the rightness and effectiveness of the proposed method.
Ironworking in northwest Wales: An evolutionary analysis.

This thesis investigates technological evolution in bloomery iron production. Patterns of variation in archaeological, historical, and metallurgical data on early ironworking systems are tracked across space-time and explained in terms of evolutionary processes. While some patterns may be attributable to localised resource constraints, others may be explained by the differential success of technological variants in ever-changing socioeconomic environments. Models derived from neo-Darwinian theory are constructed to identify lineages of technological knowledge from the bulk chemistries of ironworking residues, especially slag. Lineages are then explained in terms of evolutionary sorting processes. In order to minimise the effects of resource constraints, case studies are drawn from a single geographic region northwest Wales. Study sites include: Crawcwellt West (300 BC to AD 50), Bryn y Castell (150 BC to AD 250), and Llwyn Du (AD 1357 to AD 1450). While neither complete nor continuous in their temporal coverage, these sites offer a basis for examining evolutionary processes at different scales and in different socioeconomic settings. Bulk chemistries of slag, ore, and furnace materials are determined by polarising energy dispersive x-ray fluorescence spectrometry (P)ED-XRF. These data are supplemented with reflected-light microscopy of smelting slag. Both archaeological and experimentally derived materials were analyzed. The experimental data provides technological insights and a controlled means of evaluating analytical models. Historical data are used to model socioeconomic conditions. Results stress the importance of analyzing variation in early ironworking technology. Considerable variation is observed in slag chemistry between the Iron Age and medieval sites and between activity phases of the same site. The later phases of Llwyn Du contain coexisting chemical groups suggesting the coordinated use of multiple ironmaking recipes. Adaptive processes account for most of the observed patterns of variation building optimal recipes and strategies for fluctuating environments. Specific technological trajectories are historically contingent and geologically constrained.
Technological Frontiers and Embeddings: A Visualization Approach

The paper concerns the measurement and forecasting of technological change, a topic relevant to many high-tech organizations and their customers. We revisit recent and classic datasets from technology forecasting data envelopment analysis (TFDEA) research and technometrics in light of a new visualization technique known as t-distributed stochastic neighbor embedding (t-SNE). The technique is a nonlinear visualization technique for preserving local structure in high-dimensional spaces of data. The technique may be classified as a form of topological data analysis. Specifically, each point in the space represents a potential technological design or implementation, and each line segment in the space represents a local measure of technological improvement or degradation. We hypothesize five distinct kinds of performance development in technology within this space including the frontier, the fold, the salient, the soliton, and the lock-in. Then we examine the spaces to determine which kinds of development are the best explanations for the observed development. The technique is not extrapolative, and therefore cannot fully supplant existing technometric methods. Nonetheless, the approach offers a useful diagnostic to existing technometric methods, and may help advance theories of technological development.
Genetic Diversity and Ecotypic Differentiation in Arctic and Alpine Populations of Polygonum viviparum

In high arctic, subarctic, and alpine populations of Polygonum viviparum L. (Bistorta vivipara [L.] S.E Gray) intermediate to high levels of genetic diversity were detected. In lowland populations in the Alps, which are outside of the typical ecological range of P. viviparum, none or very little genetic variability was found. Most genotypes were restricted to one or a few populations. High arctic, subarctic, and alpine populations had no genotype in common. Plants from Scandinavia needed considerably longer photoperiods for floral induction than plants from lower latitudes (Alps). The Scandinavian plants proved to be genetically adapted to the long, continuous daylight in summer at high latitudes. Stem length differences of lowland and highland clones of the Alps persisted under identical conditions in culture. Polygonum viviparum reproduces almost exclusively asexually by bulbils, but the development of seeds can occasionally be observed even in arctic and alpine populations. The differentiation of ecotypes and medium to high levels of genetic diversity in arctic and alpine populations is thought to be the result of occasional sexual reproduction.
Electrically switchable bistable dual frequency liquid crystal light shutter with hyper-reflection in near infrared

ABSTRACT Bistable light shutter based on dual frequency cholesteric liquid crystals (LCs) have attracted intensive interests due to low energy consumption. Herein, we demonstrated an electrically switchable bistable dual frequency LC light shutter with a hybrid structure of cholesteric LC and chiral polymer film. The fabricated device can be switched between planar state which is transparent and focal conic state which is opaque in visible light through voltage pulse while keeping hyper-reflection in near infrared light in both states. The increase of reflection in near infrared light dramatically reduces the interior heat from solar energy, thus making it quite useful in temperature control. In addition, the reflection of near infrared light can be further improved by using cholesteric LC with larger birefringence. The proposed device is useful in smart windows of automobiles, energy-saving buildings and other photonic applications. Graphical Abstract
Reduced tumor volume and increased necrosis of human breast tumor xenograft in mice pretreated by a cocktail of three speci�c anti-HER2 scFvs: Involvement of stereological methods

Purpose: We assessed the effects of a cocktail of three speci�c anti HER2-scFvs on breast tumor formation in a xenograft mouse model and evaluated the quantitative changes of the tumor using stereological analysis. Methods: Three speci�c anti-HER2 phage-antibody were produced from a scFv-library using phage display technology. Cell binding capacities of the antibodies were assessed by FACS analysis. Soluble forms of antibodies were prepared by infection of HB2151-Ecoli and puri�ed using anity-based spin column puri�cation method. SDS-PAGE-analysis evaluated the puri�cation process. A cocktail containing equal amount/phage of each scFv was prepared. Inbred female BALB/c-mice were pretreated with 5 and 20-mg/kg of soluble-scFv cocktail and 10 11 phage-cocktail/kg. The mice received 2×10 6 SKBR-3 human breast cancer cells. Tumor volumes were estimated using Cavalieri principle after preparation of photomicrograph slides. Results: Anti-HER2-scFvs bound to SKBR-3 cells signi�cantly higher than isotype control. SDS-PAGE-analysis showed high puri�cation of scFvs. Stereological analysis revealed that the highest reductions in total tumor volume, non-inammatory and in�ammatory volumes, 73%, 78% and 72%, respectively, belonged to the group pretreated with 20-mg/kg of the soluble scFvs-cocktail in comparison with PBS-pretreated mice (P-value < 0.0001). The volumetric ratio of the necrotic tissue to the total tumor increased 2.2 and 2 folds in the 20-mg/kg and phage displayed scFvs-cocktail groups in comparison with the PBS-treated mice, respectively (P-value <0.05). Conclusions: Signi�cant reduction of tumor volume and increased necrotic area of human breast cancer cells xenograft by pre-treating with 20-mg/kg anti-HER2-scFv cocktail offers the remarkable anti-tumor effect of the cocktail in vivo.