Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Compendium of thermophysical property measurement methods: Vol. 1, survey of measurement techniques

This book describes the state-of-the-art methods for the measurement of thermal and electrical conductivity, thermal diffusivity, specific heat, thermal expansion, and thermal radiative properties of solid materials, from room temperature to very high temperatures. Topics considered include axial heat flow methods of measuring thermal conductivity, the analysis of apparatus with radial symmetry for steady-state measurements of thermal conductivity, thermophysical property determinations using direct heating methods, the guarded hot-plate method for thermal conductivity measurements, the hot-wire method for the measurement of the thermal conductivity of refractory materials, the B.S. 1902 panel test method for the measurement of the thermal conductivity of refractory materials, high-temperature measurements of electric conductivity, pulse techniques for thermal diffusivity measurement, temperature wave techniques, adiabatic calorimetry, modulation calorimetry, thermal expansion measurement by interferometry, and certified reference materials for thermophysical properties.
Mengkaji Pinjaman Online dalam Perspektif Amsal 22:7

Debt is one option to save your financial situation, or what is known as 'digging a hole and closing a hole. ' Poor financial conditions do not allow a person to pay off previous debts, thereby increasing the tendency to borrow new debts to pay old debts. This condition ultimately gave rise to a phenomenon related to online loans. This article wants to discuss debt from a Christian perspective. Using a qualitative approach through literature study, it was found that the Bible teaches good and reasonable financial advice, emphasizing that predatory loans and taking advantage of the poor are enticements that must be avoided. In Christianity, the basis for the practice of debt and receivables for Christians is love and justice. AbstrakUtang menjadi salah satu opsi untuk menyelamatkan keadaan finansial, atau dikenal dengan istilah ‘gali lubang tutup lubang’. Keadaan finansial yang buruk tidak memungkinkan seseorang untuk membayar utang sebelumnya, sehingga meningkatkan kecenderungan untuk meminjam utang baru untuk membayar utang lama. Kondisi ini akhirnya memunculkan fenomena yang terkait dengan pinjaman online. Artikel ini ingin membahas utang dari perspektif kekristenan. Dengan pendekatan kualitatif melalui studi literatur didapati bahwa Amsal 22:7 mengajarkan nasihat keuangan yang baik dan masuk akal, yang menegaskan bahwa pinjaman yang bersifat predator dan mengambil keuntungan dari orang miskin merupakan suatu bujukan yang harus dihindari. Dalam kekristenan dasar praktik utang piutang bagi orang kristen adalah kasih dan keadilan.
Effects of hyperbaric oxygen exposure on a zymosan-induced shock model.

OBJECTIVE To evaluate the effects of hyperbaric oxygen (HBO) therapy on zymosan-induced shock in rats. Zymosan, a cell wall component of the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae, induces inflammation by causing the production of various cytokines and pro-inflammatory mediators. The administration of zymosan to rats represents a new experimental shock model by inducing acute peritonitis, severe hypotension, and signs of systemic illness. However, it has been recently proposed that the zymosan-induced shock, like septic shock, may be mediated by overproduction of nitric oxide. DESIGN Experimental study. SETTING Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, 2nd University of Naples, Naples, Italy. SUBJECTS Male rats were treated with zymosan (500 mg/kg) by intraperitoneal route, with HBO (2 Absolute Atmosphere) or with zymosan and HBO (2 Absolute Atmosphere). MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS Peritoneal exudate, plasma, and peritoneal nitric oxide metabolites (NOx) and zymosan determined a time-dependent increase in peritoneal and plasma NOx concentrations, and peritoneal leukocytes were determined. Moreover, symptomatology was observed. The administration of zymosan caused the appearance of a severe illness in the rats characterized by ruffled fur, lethargy, conjunctivitis, diarrhea, and a significant loss of body weight. All zymosan-treated rats developed an acute peritonitis, producing turbid exudate. Zymosan determined a time-dependent increase in peritoneal, plasma NOx, and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha concentrations. Morbidity of zymosan shocked rats has been attenuated and no mortality was observed by treatment with HBO. These findings were associated with a significant reduction either of peritoneal leukocytes and exudate, or plasma and peritoneal NOx concentrations. Moreover, TNF-alpha levels were significantly reduced in animals shocked by zymosan and treated with HBO.
Health workers perceptions on chloroquine and sulfadoxine/sulfalene pyrimethamine monotherapies: implications for the change to combination therapy of artemether/lumefantrine in Tanzania.

OBJECTIVE To describe, from health workers (HWs) perspectives, the potential and actual barriers to the implementation of the first change of policy from chloroquine (CQ) to Sulfadoxine / Sulfalane - Pyrimewthamine (SP) in preparation for the second change of policy to Artemisinin based Combination Therapies (ACTs). METHODS A descriptive cross-sectional survey of HWs using questionnaire interviews was carried out in public and private health facilities in Songea Urban district. The interview concerned awareness and knowledge on the commonly used antimalarial drugs as given in the new policy, focusing on SP use and the associated side effects as well as perceptions on the potency and safety of SP versus CQ and the perceived alternative antimalarial drugs to non-response or reaction to SP. RESULTS Awareness on the new policy was very high; 91.4% of HWs were aware that SP was the new drug. Although the majority of HWs (81.9%) reported using the new policy as soon as it was out, a significant percentage (76.2%) reported continued use of SP (P-value < 0.001). SP was perceived to have a low potency in that it was slow in fever clearance. A significant percentage (65.7%) of HWs reported a history of problems with SP use namely headaches and skin reactions. Quinine (QN) was significantly frequently mentioned as the perceived alternative drug to CQ (61.1%) and non-response (56.6%) or reaction (54.1%) to SP. CONCLUSION Findings show that SP was generally not preferred by HWs, and they continued to use CQ despite the evidence that it was no longer effective indicating that. HWs tend to maintain perceptions based on their experiences with drugs currently in use. Pertinent information, education and behaviour change communication strategies related to the change from SP to ACT should focus on the fact that the previous drug is no longer effective so as to induce consistent use of the new drug.
Evaluation of Interconnect-Complexity-Aware Low-Power VLSI Design Using Multiple Supply and Threshold Voltages

This paper presents a high-level synthesis approach to minimize the total power consumption in behavioral synthesis under time and area constraints. The proposed method has two stages, functional unit (FU) energy optimization and interconnect energy optimization. In the first stage, active and inactive energies of the FUs are optimized using a multiple supply and threshold voltage scheme. Genetic algorithm (GA) based simultaneous assignment of supply and threshold voltages and module selection is proposed. The proposed GA based searching method can be used in large size problems to find a near-optimal solution in a reasonable time. In the second stage, interconnects are simplified by increasing their sharing. This is done by exploiting similar data transfer patterns among FUs. The proposed method is evaluated for several benchmarks under 90nm CMOS technology. The experimental results show that more than 40% of energy savings can be achieved by our proposed method.
Predictors of Carbapenem-Resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae Acquisition among Hospitalized Adults and Effect of Acquisition on Mortality

ABSTRACT Carbapenem-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae (CRKP) is an emerging nosocomial pathogen. Little is known about its risk factors or mortality. We performed a case-case-control study to assess the risks for CRKP isolation and a retrospective cohort study to assess mortality in three groups of hospitalized adults: (i) patients from whom CRKP was isolated, (ii) patients from whom carbapenem-susceptible Klebsiella spp. (CSKS) were isolated, and (iii) controls from whom no Klebsiella spp. were isolated. After adjustment for length of stay (LOS), the demographics, comorbidities, and exposures of each case group were compared with those of the controls. Significant covariates were incorporated into LOS-adjusted multivariable models. In the mortality study, we evaluated the effect of CRKP on in-hospital death. There were 48 patients with CRKP isolation (21 died [44%]), 56 patients with CSKS isolation (7 died [12.5%]), and 59 controls (1 died [2%]). Independent risk factors for CRKP isolation were poor functional status (odds ratio [OR], 15.4; 95% confidence interval [CI], 4.0 to 58.6; P < 0.001); intensive care unit (ICU) stay (OR, 17.4; 95% CI, 1.5 to 201.9; P = 0.02); and receipt of antibiotics (OR, 4.4; 95% CI, 1.0 to 19.2; P = 0.05), particularly fluoroquinolones (OR, 7.2; 95% CI, 1.1 to 49.4; P = 0.04). CRKP was independently associated with death when patients with CRKP were compared with patients with CSKS (OR, 5.4; 95% CI, 1.7 to 17.1; P = 0.005) and with controls (OR, 6.7; 95% CI, 2.4 to 18.8; P < 0.001). After adjustment for the severity of illness, CRKP isolation remained predictive of death, albeit with a lower OR (for the CRKP group versus the CSKS group, OR, 3.9; 95% CI, 1.1 to 13.6; and P = 0.03; for the CRKP group versus the controls, OR, 5.0; 95% CI, 1.7 to 14.8; and P = 0.004). CRKP affects patients with poor functional status, an ICU stay, and antibiotic exposure and is an independent predictor of death.
Upper Tract Urothelial Cancer: Guideline of Guidelines

Simple Summary The creation of a guideline of guidelines could help physicians apprehend different approaches to malignancies and better-tailoring patients’ management. In this context, international guidelines on upper tract urothelial carcinoma (UTUC) have previously never been compared in their similarities and differences. The present effort could guide further researchers to provide more high-quality evidence to homogeneously assess, treat, and follow up patients affected by UTUC worldwide. Moreover, by highlighting similarities and differences, we aim to encourage more conscious and critical use of guidelines and push research to fill knowledge gaps. Abstract Background: Upper tract urothelial carcinoma (UTUC) is a rare disease with a potentially dismal prognosis. We systematically compared international guidelines on UTUC to analyze similitudes and differences among them. Methods: We conducted a search on MEDLINE/PubMed for guidelines related to UTUC from 2010 to the present. In addition, we manually explored the websites of urological and oncological societies and journals to identify pertinent guidelines. We also assessed recommendations from the International Bladder Cancer Network, the Canadian Urological Association, the European Society for Medical Oncology, and the International Consultation on Bladder Cancer, considering their expertise and experience in the field. Results: Among all the sources, only the American Urologist Association (AUA), European Association of Urology (EAU), and the National Comprehensive Cancer Network (NCCN) guidelines specifically report data on diagnosis, treatment, and follow-up of UTUC. Current analysis reveals several differences between all three sources on diagnostic work-up, patient management, and follow-up. Among all, AUA and EAU guidelines show more detailed indications. Conclusions: Despite the growing incidence of UTUC, only AUA, EAU, and NCCN guidelines deal with this cancer. Our research depicted high variability in reporting recommendations and opinions. In this regard, we encourage further higher-quality research to gain evidence creating higher grade consensus between guidelines.
Hydraulics of overland flow influenced by litter incorporation under extreme rainfall

Water erosion on hillslopes is a worldwide environmental problem, which is a rainfall‐induced process, especially extreme rainfall. The great intensity of extreme rainfall strongly enhances the power of overland flow to detach soil and transport sediment. Plant litter is one of the most important constituents of ecosystems that often covers the soil surface and can be incorporated into topsoil. However, little attention has been paid to its effect on flow hydraulics owing to the veiled nature. This study aimed to examine the effects of incorporated litter on the hydraulic properties under extreme rainfall condition. To reach this goal, six litter rates of 0, 0.05, 0.10, 0.20, 0.35, and 0.50 kg m−2 and four litter types collected from deciduous trees, coniferous trees, shrubs, and herbs were incorporated into topsoil. Then, simulated rainfall experiments were performed on five slope gradients (5°, 10°, 15°, 20°, and 25°) with an extreme rainfall intensity of 80 mm h−1. The results showed that Froude number and flow velocity of the overland flow decreased, whereas flow resistance increased exponentially with litter incorporation rate. Litter type had an influence on flow hydraulics, which can mainly be attributed to the variations in surface coverage of the exposed litter and the litter morphology. Flow velocity and Darcy–Weisbach coefficient increased markedly with slope gradient. However, the variation of slope gradient did not modify the relationships between flow hydraulics and incorporated litter rate. The random roughness, resulting from heterogeneous erosion due to the uneven protection of surface exposed litter, increased linearly with litter incorporated rate. As rainfall proceeded, flow hydraulics varied with incorporated litter rate and slope gradient complicatedly due to the increases in flow rate and coverage of the exposed litter and the modification of soil surface roughness.
Apparent Stress Estimates of Seismic Events Associated with Underground Mining Operations in Sedimentary Rock Units: Implications for Improving Underground Roof Collapse Warning Systems

We analyze recordings of seismic events induced by underground mining operations at the Moonee Colliery, located in Australia, and at the Springfield Pike Limestone Quarry, located in the United States. The data were recorded underground in the vicinity of active mining operations and were initially used by the monitoring systems at the two mines to evaluate the potential for roof failure based on the temporal and spatial distribution of the seismic activity. In an earlier study, the roof failures at the two underground mine locations were found to be the result of two distinct failure processes, both of which were correlated with escalated seismic activity before the roof collapsed. In this study, we reexamine the recordings of these seismic emissions for a further assessment of the state of instability in the roof. We estimate the static seismic moment and radiated seismic energy for each recorded seismic event induced by mining operations at the two underground mine locations. These seismic source parameters are estimated from source spectra have been corrected for the instrument response, propagation effects and bandwidth limitations. The apparent stress, which provides an estimate of the stress drop (or stress release) associated with a seismic event, is then determined from the product between the modulus of rigidity and the ratio between the radiated seismic energy and static seismic moment. The validity of constant stress drop scaling for the seismic events at the two underground mine locations is tested. Estimation of the seismic source parameters indicate that the stress drop of the mining induced events increases over three orders of magnitude of increasing seismic moment (10 N·m ≤ M0 ≤ 10 N·m) and indicate a divergence from constant stress drop scaling. When these results are compiled with the results from seven other independent studies, which analyzed the seismicity associated with a variety of seismogenic environments, this trend is found to span over ten orders of magnitude of seismic moment (10 N·m ≤ M0 ≤ 10 N·m). The observation that the mining induced events do not conform to constant stress drop scaling may assist in gaining a better understanding of the evolution of the roof failure process. We have found that the stress drop at one of the studied mines appears to increase through time prior to a roof collapse. More data are necessary to test this hypothesis. If this hypothesis is validated, it would have important implications for monitoring roof stability. Incorporation of near-real-time estimates of the stress drop into the existing seismic monitoring protocol may provide improved warning of imminent roof collapse hazards.
Nonvolant mammals in habitats of the Caatinga scrub and cloud forest enclave at Serra da Guia, state of Sergipe

There were identified 19 species of nonvolant mammals on the Serra da Guia region, municipalities of Poco Redondo - Sergipe and Pedro Alexandre - Bahia. The samplings were conducted between December 2008 and August 2009, in two different areas: Caatinga dry scrub and a Cloud Forest enclave, in which were placed 10 Sherman type traps, within three nights per month. To mid and large mammals’ species, existing transects of 1,000 m were traveled, searching for tracks, sightings, feces or vocalizations. Among sampled species, only Leopardus tigrinus is in the IUCN Red List, classified as Vulnerable (VU). Regarding the differences between the study sites, some species were sampled only in exclusive areas, as: Monodelphis domestica and Thrichomys laurentius to Caatinga dry scrub; and Marmosops incanus , Trinomys albispinus and Oecomys catherinae to Cloud Forest. Continued studies may provide more information about the mammal diversity and the role of Cloud Forest in the maintenance of such diversity, to the Caatinga Biome.
Is the Leontief input-output model a production-prices model ?

The Leontief model is generally considered as belonging to the category of the production-prices models , aside of the Ricardian, Marxian and Sra aian models. This paper clearly demonstrates that this is a super cial point of view. As the Leontief model handles price indexes, it is over two periods: the Leontief price indexes solve the model for the base time period. The production-prices model that corresponds to it is over one period: the current prices solve the model for the current time period. Both models diverge generally unless a very strong assumption is done: the interindustry matrix of direct and indirect quantities of labor incorporated per unit of physical output the interindustry matrix of Marxian values is stable over time; this implies that the vertically integrated coe cients of labor are stable or that the physical technical coe cients and the physical coe cients of labor are stable over time, two very strong assumptions. We conclude that the Leontief model is generally not a production-prices model, unless quite Classical-Marxian assumptions are done. JEL classi cation. E11, B51, D57, C67.
The Role of Coping Strategies in Psychological Outcomes for Frontotemporal Dementia Caregivers

Background: Caregiving for a person with frontotemporal dementia (FTD) is related to poor caregiver outcomes. Coping strategies adopted by caregivers are known to influence psychological outcomes in other dementia caregiver populations, however, their influence on psychological outcomes in FTD caregivers is poorly understood at present. Methods: Questionnaire data for 94 German primary caregivers (mean [M] 59.11 years, 68 females) of FTD care-recipients living in the community (M 63.94, 30 females) were investigated. Standardized measures completed by the caregiver included the Caregiver Strain Index (CSI), Beck Depression Inventory II (BDI-II), Quality of Life-Alzheimer’s Disease (QoL-AD), and the Brief Coping Orientations to Problems Experienced (COPE). Care-recipients’ nursing care level was collected as a measure of the intensity of their care needs. Results: Mediation analyses showed that the effect of the intensity of care-recipients’ care needs on caregiver well-being depended on caregivers’ experience of strain. High levels of caregiver strain did not predict depression (−0.22, 95% confidence interval CI: [0.16 to 2.04]) but predicted reduced QoL (−0.44, CI: [−1.15 to −.16]). Moreover, caregivers’ experience of strain was exacerbated by their use of dysfunctional coping (β = .21; p = .04), care-recipients’ intensity of care needs (β = .25; p = .01), and fewer financial resources (β = .23; p = .02). In turn, caregivers’ use of dysfunctional coping as a response to their strain increased the levels of depression (0.46, CI: [0.19-0.82]). By contrast, use of problem-focused coping strategies increased caregivers’ QoL (0.10, CI: [0.00 to 0.31]). Significance: This study identifies variables amenable to clinical interventions that can improve caregivers’ well-being: specifically, caregiver strain and coping strategies. For a disease without cure yet increasing prevalence and cost, ameliorating the caregiver experience through targeted interventions is essential.
Scheduling and routing algorithms for AGVs: A survey

Automated guided vehicles (AGVs) are now becoming popular in automated materials handling systems, flexible manufacturing systems and even container handling applications. In the past few decades, much research has been devoted to the technology of AGV systems and rapid progress has been witnessed. As one of the enabling technologies, scheduling and routing of AGVs have attracted considerable attention. Many algorithms for the scheduling and routing of AGVs have been proposed. However, most of the existing results are applicable to systems with a small number of AGVs, offering a low degree of concurrency. With a drastically increased number of AGVs in recent applications (e.g. in the order of a hundred in a container handling system), efficient algorithms are needed to resolve the increased contention of resources (e.g. path, loading and unloading buffers) among AGVs. This survey paper first gives an account of the emergence of the problem of AGV scheduling and routing. It then differentiates it from several related problems and classifies major existing algorithms for the problem. Finally, the paper points out fertile areas for future study of AGV scheduling and routing.
A Review on Zoonotic Dermal Infections in Humans

Human skin has a major role in protecting several organs from various microbial attacks. It regulates the body’s temperature and its other normal functions. It is usually possessed by various microbes that may vary in different aspects and impacts on human dermal layer and may lead to serious infections in future. Encounter of human dermal layer to any injury or wound can be a forum for microbes to get entered and cause infection. Most of infections occur due to zoonosis. Anthropozoonosis, zooanthroponosis and amphixenoses are the terms acknowledged for transmit of disease or infections. Zoonosis has three major categories on the basis of type of host, etiological agents and life cycle of pathogens. Each category is further sub-categorized into various possible groups. Domestic animals are generally the primary source for humans to get infected. Human skin is affected by the virus, namely Orf zoonosis having corresponding to the genus Parapoxvirus. It is a major threat to human dermal layer.