Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Transmission of Influenza Virus via Aerosols and Fomites in the Guinea Pig Model

Abstract Limited data on the relative contributions of different routes of transmission for influenza virus are available. Person-to-person transmission is central to seasonal and pandemic spread; nevertheless, the modes of spread are a matter of ongoing debate. Resolution of this discussion is paramount to the development of effective control measures in health care and community settings. Using the guinea pig model, we demonstrated that transmission of influenza A/Panama/2007/1999 (H3N2) virus through the air is efficient, compared with spread through contaminated environmental surfaces (fomites). We also examined the aerosol transmission efficiencies of 2 human influenza virus A strains and found that A/Panama/2007/1999 influenza virus transmitted more efficiently than A/Texas/36/1991 (H1N1) virus in our model. The data provide new and much-needed insights into the modes of influenza virus spread and strain-specific differences in the efficiency of transmission
The Changing Incentives for Security Regionalization

In this article I argue that the systemic shift to unipolarity has created an incentive to invest in security regionalization, both on the part of the American hegemon and on the part of the regional states. After defining what I mean by ‘security regionalization’, I examine the hegemonic incentives for encouraging the building of regional security institutions. Such institutions, I suggest, can advance its three main goals: to maintain regional stability, to maintain its unipolar position and to achieve system-maintenance at low cost. At the same time, regional states have increased incentives to invest in building regional security arrangements. Such arrangements, I suggest, are necessary should the hegemon choose to abandon them. They can also help prevent such abandonment by offering meaningful burden-sharing. They can serve as a ‘pact of restraint’ to restrain the hegemon, and finally they can be an avenue to a new division of labor. I apply this framework to the changes in security regionalization in Europe after the end of the Cold War (11/9 - beginning of the fall of the Berlin wall) and after the events of 9/11. I conclude by highlighting some of the tensions and paradoxes built into this security regionalization thesis.
Clinical challenges in the assessment and management of suicidal behaviour in patients with bordeline personality disorder

Abstract Self-injurious and suicidal behaviours are highly prevalent in patients with borderline personality disorder (BPD) and the risk of completed suicide is high. Borderline patients often present with heterogeneous clinical pictures and widespread comor-bidity complicating clinical assessments and management. This calls for increased efforts in systematic evaluation and monitoring of self-harming and suicidal behaviours; these behaviours should be addressed actively as high priority treatment targets. Early drop-out is common for BPD patients in treatment but is possible to counteract by fostering a strong therapeutic relationship through adopting a realistic, but consistent and supportive approach carefully avoiding reinforcement of suicidal behaviours. Suicidal crises should primarily be managed in an outpatient setting giving priority to keeping the patient safe adopting a safety plan procedure, while helping the patient as quickly as possible to return emotionally to a more acceptable level of arousal and mental functioning. Pharmacological treatments should primarily be used for management of comorbid conditions, but may possibly also be helpful when used to reduce specific symptoms such as anger, hostility and impulsivity. There is currently a range of different integrated short-term and long-term psychological treatments in different stages of development and some of them have been shown to be efficacious in reducing suicidal behaviours; notably dialectical behaviour therapy and mentalization-based therapy. Declaration of Interest: None.
The daily variation in sleepiness and its relation to the preceding sleep episode—a prospective study across 42 days of normal living

Sleepiness is linked to accidents and reduced performance, and is usually attributed to short/poor prior sleep and sleepiness. However, while the link between reduced sleep and subsequent sleepiness is well established in laboratory experiments of sleep reduction, very little is known about the day‐to‐day variation of sleepiness in everyday life and its relation to the immediately preceding sleep episode. The purpose of the present study was to investigate the characteristics of this relation across 42 consecutive days. Fifty volunteers participated. Self‐reports of sleep were given in the morning and recorded with actigraphy; health was rated in the evening; and sleepiness was rated at eight points during the day (on a scale of 1–9). Results from mixed‐model regression analyses showed that, on average, total sleep time predicted sleepiness during the rest of the day across the 42 days, with sleepiness increasing with shorter preceding sleep (β = −0.15 units h−1, P < 0.001). Sleepiness also increased with earlier time of rising and lower‐rated sleep quality. Days off reduced sleepiness, but was accounted for by sleep. Self‐rated health improved when sleepiness was low during the same day (β = −0.36 unit unit−1 of rated health, P < 0.001), but the two were measured simultaneously. Napping was related to high sleepiness during the same day. Actigraphy measures of sleep duration showed similar, but somewhat weaker, effects than diary measures. It was concluded that the main determinants of daytime sleepiness in a real‐life day‐to‐day context were short sleep, poor sleep and early rising, and that days with high sleepiness ended with ratings of poorer health.
Cancer/Testis genes in relation to sperm biology and function

Cancer testis antigens (CTAs), a large family of tumor-associated and immunogenic antigens expressed in human tumors of various histological origins, are highly restricted to the testis and trophoblast. CTAs have been identified as potent targets for tumor-specific immunotherapeutic advances and have immensely lead to the development of different clinical trials of CTA-based vaccine therapy because of their resilient in vivo immunogenicity and tumor-restricted expression pattern. Bladder cancer, non-small cell lung carcinoma, and melanoma are grouped as high CT gene expressors. Prostate and breast cancer as moderate, and colon and renal cancers are considered as low CT gene expressors. Large percentages of these identified CT genes are expressed during spermatogenesis but their function is still vaguely unknown. Researchers have taken a keen interest in CT genes as pertaining to their role in tumor growth and spermatogenesis. Testis has many similarities with cancerous tissues like cell division, immigration, and immortalization. The aim is to give a concise in-depth review on the role of some specific CT genes in spermatogenesis.
The omp-1 Major Outer Membrane Multigene Family of Ehrlichia chaffeensis Is Differentially Expressed in Canine and Tick Hosts

ABSTRACT Sixteen of 22 omp-1 paralogs encoding 28-kDa-range immunodominant outer membrane proteins of Ehrlichia chaffeensis were transcribed in blood monocytes of dogs throughout a 56-day infection period. Only one paralog was transcribed by E. chaffeensis in three developmental stages of Amblyomma americanum ticks before or after E. chaffeensis transmission to naïve dogs.
Noncoding RNAs as Predictive Biomarkers of Therapeutic Response to Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitors in Metastatic Cancer

Since their discovery, noncoding RNAs have acquired extensive attention due to their eminent role in the regulation of gene expression and thus also in the pathogenesis of many diseases. Currently, strong evidence is showing that noncoding RNAs are integral parts of key cancer-related cellular pathways, and the deregulation of their levels is pathogenetic on one hand but feasible as a biomarker of pathogenesis itself on the other hand. In cancer, diagnosis, prognosis, and prediction of therapy outcome can be derived from levels of various noncoding RNAs. This chapter is focused on potential application of noncoding RNAs in prediction of therapeutic response to tyrosine kinase inhibitors commonly used as targeted therapy in a wide range of metastatic cancers.
Does Merger Simulation Work? Lessons from a Case in the Swedish Analgesics Market

In April 2009 the Swedish competition authority cleared a merger in the market for analgesics or painkillers. We confront the predictions from a merger simulation analysis we conducted during the investigation with information on what actually happened over a period of two years after the merger. We based the merger simulation on a constant expenditures speci…cation for the aggregate logit model (as an alternative to the common unit demand speci…cation). We …nd that prices of the merging …rms actually increased by 35% after the merger, very close to the predicted 34% price increase in the preferred speci…cation of our merger simulation. A closer look leads to somewhat more mixed conclusions. First, some competitors also raised their prices, which was not predicted by the model. Second, both merging …rms raised their prices by a similar percentage, while the simulation model predicted a larger price increase for the smaller …rm. Third, the merging …rms market shares dropped, as predicted by the model, but some of the outsider …rms’market shares also dropped (in favor of other …rms). We discuss the possible reasons for the divergence between the predicted and
Science gateway technologies for the astrophysics community

The availability of large‐scale digital surveys offers tremendous opportunities for advancing scientific knowledge in the astrophysics community. Nevertheless, the analysis of these data often requires very powerful computational resources. Science gateway technologies offer Web‐based environments to run applications with little concern for learning and managing the underlying infrastructures that execute them. This paper focuses on the issues related to the development of a science gateway customized for the needs of the astrophysics community. The VisIVO Science Gateway is wrapped around a WS‐PGRADE/grid User Support Environment portal integrating services for processing and visualizing large‐scale multidimensional astrophysical data sets on distributed computing infrastructures. We discuss the core tools and services supported including an application for mobile access to the gateway. We report our experiences in supporting specialized astrophysical communities requiring development of complex workflows for visualization and numerical simulations. Further, available platforms are discussed for sharing workflows in collaborative environments. Finally, we outline our vision for creating a federation of science gateways to benefit astrophysical communities by sharing a set of services for authentication, computing infrastructure access and data/workflow repositories. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Sizing of two stage Op-Amp using OHS algorithm

An optimally designed CMOS Op-Amp has been presented in this article. Opposition concept based harmony Search (OHS) algorithm is applied for obtaining the minimum MOS area of the proposed Op-Amp. The proposed OHS based analog CMOS Op-Amp circuit design has alleviated from the problems of suboptimal convergence and stagnation, unlike Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) and Harmony Search (HS). The least total MOS area of 121.8 μm2 is obtained in 0.35 μm CMOS technology with a power dissipation of 616.3 μW.
Amplification of Mycn, Ddx1, Rrm2, and Odc1 in rat uterine endometrial carcinomas

The BDII rat is genetically predisposed to estrogen‐dependent endometrial adenocarcinoma and represents a valuable model for this type of tumor. Tumors arising in strain crosses involving the BDII rats had previously been screened for DNA copy number changes using comparative genome hybridization (CGH). It was found that extra copies of the proximal region of rat chromosome (RNO) 6 commonly could be detected in these tumors. Based on RH‐mapping data and comparative mapping with mouse and human, seven cancer‐related genes were predicted to be situated in RNO6q14–q16. Rat PACs were isolated for the N‐myc proto‐oncogene (Mycn), apolipoprotein B (Apob), the DEAD box gene 1 (Ddx1), ornithine decarboxylase 1 (Odc1), proopiomelanocortin (Pomc1), ribonucleotide reductase, M2 polypeptide (Rrm2), and syndecan 1 (Sdc1). The localization of the genes to the region was verified by FISH (fluorescence in situ hybridization) mapping, and the detailed order among them was determined by dual‐color FISH. By Southern blot analysis, it was found that the Mycn locus was highly amplified in two out of 10 cell cultures derived from the tumors. In one of them (designated RUT30), the amplification level of Mycn was estimated at 140×. Two other genes were coamplified (Ddx1 and Rrm2) at much lower levels. Similarly, in another culture (designated RUT2), Mycn was amplified more than 40×, whereas three of the other genes (Ddx1, Rrm2, and Odc1) were coamplified at lower levels. Using FISH on metaphase chromosomes from the cell cultures analyzed, the amplified sequences were shown to be located in typical HSRs. With competitive RT‐PCR, distinct overexpression of Mycn and Ddx1 could be demonstrated in both RUT2 and RUT30. In addition, Mycn was overexpressed in two other tumors not exhibiting Mycn amplification. Taken together, our results suggest that overexpression of Mycn plays an important role in the development of endometrial cancer in the BDII rat. In humans, Mycn amplification has been reported mainly from tumors of neuronal origin. To our knowledge, this is the first report of Mycn amplification and overexpression in hormone‐dependent tumors. © 2001 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Current diagnosis and management of infectious mononucleosis

Purpose of reviewInfectious mononucleosis is a common, usually self-limited disease. However, infectious mononucleosis may present with severe manifestations. Complications may also occur. Consequently, diagnostic and treatment issues regarding infectious mononucleosis are of major importance. Recent findingsIn this review, we focus on the evaluation of articles providing diagnosis and treatment data for infectious mononucleosis, published during the past 2 years. Twelve studies, deriving from extended search in PubMed, were included. Nine studies provided diagnosis data. The evaluated diagnostic methods were real-time PCR (RT-PCR), IgM/IgG antibodies measured with different assays [measurement of Epstein–Barr virus viral load (EBV-VL) in peripheral blood, neutrophil/lymphocyte/monocyte counts, C-reactive protein values, and monospot test]. The sensitivities reported for RT-PCR were high. The available treatment data were scarce (three studies). Two of them suggested that antivirals (mainly acyclovir and valacyclovir) may have a role in the treatment of infectious mononucleosis with complications, whereas the remaining study presented novel potential therapeutic patents including 5-substituted uracyle, azacytosine derivatives, and peptides inhibiting EBV-mediated membrane fusion. SummaryRT-PCR and measurement of EBV-VL may provide useful tools for the early diagnosis of infectious mononucleosis in cases with inconclusive serological results. Antiviral agents may provide a useful treatment option in patients with severe infectious mononucleosis.
Domain walls and vortices in two-mode photonic systems

We investigate 1D and 2D domain-wall (DW) states in systems of two nonlinear-Schrödinger (NLS) equations, which are coupled by the linear mixing and by the XPM (cross-phase-modulation). The system applies to the bimodal light propagation in nonlinear optics and two-component Bose-Einstein condensates. Approximate analytical solutions for the DWs are found near the point of the symmetry-breaking bifurcation of the CW (continuous-wave) states. An exact DW solution is obtained for ratio 3 ∶ 1 of the XPM and SPM coefficients. The DWs between flat asymmetric CW states, which are mirror images to each other, are stable, while all other species of the DWs, with zero crossing(s) in one or two components, are unstable. An effective potential of attraction between DWs is derived. An exact stable solution is also found for the DW trapped by an external single-peak potential. In the 2D geometry, stable two-component vortices are found, with topological charges s = 1, 2, 3. Radial oscillations of annular DW-shaped pulsons, with s = 0, 1, 2, are studied too.
Improving Access to Hearing Services for People With Low Vision: Piloting a “Hearing Screening and Education Model” of Intervention

Objectives: The aims of this study were to investigate the potential unmet need for hearing services among older people attending low-vision rehabilitation, and pilot a “Hearing Screening and Education Model” (HSEM) of intervention to promote use of hearing services and aids among these individuals. Design: In the Vision-Hearing project, 300 clients attending low-vision clinics in Sydney, Australia, participated in baseline interviews and the HSEM (2010–2011). The HSEM consisted of: (1) standard pure-tone audiometry; (2) discussion of hearing loss and implications of dual sensory impairment; and (3) provision of information on hearing services and facilitated referral. Those with hearing loss who did not own hearing aids, reported low use (<1 hr/day), or used a single aid with bilateral loss were referred for full assessment by an audiologist and to the follow-up arm of the study (n = 210). Follow-up interviews were conducted within 12 months to ascertain actions taken and audiological and other health outcomes. Results: Of 169 participants in the follow-up study, 68 (40.2%) sought help for hearing loss within 12 months. Help-seekers had higher mean hearing handicap scores at baseline compared with non–help-seekers. The majority of help-seekers (85.3%) underwent a complete hearing assessment. Fifty-four percent (n = 37) were recommended hearing aids and the majority of these (n = 27) obtained new hearing aids. Seven participants had existing aids adjusted, and 3 obtained alternate assistive listening devices. Almost half of those receiving new aids or adjustments to hearing aids reported low use (<1 hr/day) at follow-up. Among help-seekers, 40% were unsure or did not believe their audiologist knew of their visual diagnosis. Of concern, 60% of participants did not seek help largely due to perceptions their hearing loss was not bad enough; the presence of competing priorities; concerns over dealing with vision loss and managing hearing aids with poor vision. Conclusions: Hearing- and vision-rehabilitation services need to better screen for, and take account of, dual sensory impairment among their older clients. If audiologists are made more aware of visual conditions affecting their clients, they may be better placed to facilitate access to appropriate technologies and rehabilitation, which may improve aid retention and benefit.
A novel SiGe-On-Insulator IMOS device with reduced bias voltages

In this paper we have investigated the possibility of implanting SiGe-on-insulator technology to reduce the breakdown voltage in an p-IMOS device. Of course the concept can be extended to n-IMOS devices as well. The structure of the proposed SGOI-IMOS is shown and the parameters employed in simulation are listed in table 1.
Memristive Device Modeling and Circuit Design Exploration for Computation-in-Memory

Memristive devices can be exploited for memory as well as logic operation paving the way for non von-Neumann Computation-In-Memory architectures. To validate the potential of such architectures accurate compact models for the memristive devices are required. As a standard device is not available, evaluating the performance of such an architecture is ambiguous. This paper proposes a flexible model for bipolar, filamentary switching, redox-based memristive devices. The model does catch both the device resistance ratio as well as the nonlinearity of the switching kinetics. It is used to perform design exploration for three memristive based circuit design (IMPLY, MAGIC and CRS) for computation-in-memory architectures.
Catalytic activity of P2O5-natural zeolite on hydration reaction of turpentine into α-terpineol

Alpha-pinene compound can be derived into α-terpineol. The high content of this compound in turpentine oil will increase their selling value. Formation of α-terpineol by turpentine hydration reaction occurs with the aid of a catalyst. The catalyst can be derived from combination of homogenous and heterogeneous catalyst, namely phosphoric acid and activated natural zeolite (P2O5-natural zeolite). Characterization of P2O5-natural zeolite catalyst includes crystallinity analysis with XRD, functional group analysis with FTIR and acidity analysis with the gravimetric method. Hydration reaction was carried out in a batch reactor with variations of time (120, 240, 360, 480 minutes) and catalyst types (H3PO4, H-natural zeolite, P2O5-natural zeolite). Hydration reaction product were analysed using FT-IR, GC, and GC-MS. The result show that modification of catalyst by developing P2O5 is not significantly affected the crystalline structure of the H-natural zeolite. Hydration reaction reach optimum condition on the use of catalyst with H3PO4 10% and P2O5-natural zeolite 40%, while reaction time 480 minutes’ yield α-terpineol selectivity of 61,81% and 5,25% respectively.
Forecasting the Effectiveness of Work-Trip Gasoline Conservation Policies through Conjoint Analysis

Policies such as tax surcharges on gasoline and reductions in transit fare were examined for their potential effectiveness in conserving gasoline. Individual level preference functions to predict work-trip modal choice (auto, public transit, or car pool) were estimated through conjoint analysis using attributes such as travel cost and additional ride time. Respondents’ preferences for each travel mode were computed using the modified attribute values corresponding to each policy option. The preferences were then used to forecast potential shifts to transit or car pool and the resulting gasoline savings.
CRACM1 Is a Plasma Membrane Protein Essential for Store-Operated Ca2+ Entry

Store-operated Ca2+ entry is mediated by Ca2+ release–activated Ca2+ (CRAC) channels following Ca2+ release from intracellular stores. We performed a genome-wide RNA interference (RNAi) screen in Drosophila cells to identify proteins that inhibit store-operated Ca2+ influx. A secondary patch-clamp screen identified CRACM1 and CRACM2 (CRAC modulators 1 and 2) as modulators of Drosophila CRAC currents. We characterized the human ortholog of CRACM1, a plasma membrane–resident protein encoded by gene FLJ14466. Although overexpression of CRACM1 did not affect CRAC currents, RNAi-mediated knockdown disrupted its activation. CRACM1 could be the CRAC channel itself, a subunit of it, or a component of the CRAC signaling machinery.