Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Evaluating the impact of aerosol particles above cloud on cloud optical depth retrievals from MODIS

Using two different operational Aqua Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) cloud optical depth (COD) retrievals (0.86 versus 1.6 µm), we evaluate the impact of above‐cloud smoke aerosol particles on near‐IR (0.86 µm) COD retrievals. Aerosol Index (AI) from the collocated Ozone Monitoring Instrument (OMI) are used to identify above‐cloud aerosol particle loading over the southern Atlantic Ocean, including both smoke and dust from the African subcontinent. Collocated Cloud‐Aerosol Lidar and Infrared Pathfinder Satellite Observation data constrain cloud phase and provide contextual above‐cloud aerosol optical depth. The frequency of occurrence of above‐cloud aerosol events is depicted on a global scale for the spring and summer seasons from OMI and Cloud Aerosol Lidar with Orthogonal Polarization. Seasonal frequencies for smoke‐over‐cloud off the southwestern Africa coastline reach 20–50% in boreal summer. We find a corresponding low COD bias of 10–20% for standard MODIS COD retrievals when averaged OMI AI are larger than 1. No such bias is found over the Saharan dust outflow region off northern Africa, since both MODIS 0.86 and 1.6 µm channels are vulnerable to radiance attenuation due to dust particles. A similar result is found for a smaller domain, in the Gulf of Tonkin region, from smoke advection over marine stratocumulus clouds and outflow into the northern South China Sea in spring. This study shows the necessity of accounting for the above‐cloud aerosol events for future studies using standard MODIS cloud products in biomass burning outflow regions, through the use of collocated OMI AI and supplementary MODIS 1.6 µm COD products.
Influences of mesoscale anticyclonic eddies on the zooplankton community south of the western Aleutian Islands during the summer of 2010

RUI SAITO1†*, ATSUSHI YAMAGUCHI1, ICHIRO YASUDA2, HIROMICHI UENO3,4, HIROMU ISHIYAMA4, HIROJI ONISHI3 AND ICHIRO IMAI1 1 PLANKTON LABORATORY, GRADUATE SCHOOL OF FISHERIES SCIENCES, HOKKAIDO UNIVERSITY, 3–1–1 MINATO-CHO, HAKODATE, HOKKAIDO 041–8611, JAPAN, 2 FISHERIES ENVIRONMENTAL OCEANOGRAPHY LABORATORY, ATMOSPHERE AND OCEAN RESEARCH INSTITUTE, THE UNIVERSITY OF TOKYO, 5–1–1 KASHIWANOHA, KASHIWA, CHIBA 277–8564, JAPAN, PHYSICAL ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE LABORATORY, FACULTY OF FISHERIES SCIENCES, HOKKAIDO UNIVERSITY, 3–1–1 MINATO-CHO, HAKODATE, HOKKAIDO 041–8611, JAPAN AND COURSE IN MARINE BIOGEOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS, GRADUATE SCHOOL OF
Double master’s degree in Industrial engineering and automatic and robotics Deep Reinforcement Learning for Recommender Systems

Recommender Systems aim to help customers find content of their interest by presenting them suggestions they are most likely to prefer. Reinforcement Learning, a Machine Learning paradigm where agents learn by interaction which actions to perform in an environment so as to maximize a reward, can be trained to give good recommendations. One of the problems when working with Reinforcement Learning algorithms is the dimensionality explosion, especially in the observation space. On the other hand, Industrial recommender systems deal with extremely large observation spaces. New Deep Reinforcement Learning algorithms can deal with this problem, but they are mainly focused on images. A new technique has been developed able to convert raw data into images, enabling DRL algorithms to be properly applied. This project addresses this line of investigation. The contributions of the project are: (1) defining a generalization of the Markov Decision Process formulation for Recommender Systems, (2) defining a way to express the observation as an image, and (3) demonstrating the use of both concepts by addressing a particular Recommender System case through Reinforcement Learning. Results show how the trained agents offer better recommendations than the arbitrary choice. However, the system does not achieve a great performance mainly due to the lack of interactions in the dataset. Deep Reinforcement Learning for Recommender Systems Page 3 Summary SUMMARY ___________________________________________________ 3 1. GLOSSARY ______________________________________________ 5 2. INTRODUCTION ___________________________________________ 6 2.1. Scope and methodology . 6 2.2. Objectives . 7 3. PROJECT MANAGEMENT __________________________________ 8 3.1. Planification . 8 3.2. Methodology . 10 3.3. Tools . 11 3.3.1. Git and GitHub . 11 3.3.2. Visual Studio Code. 11 3.3.3. Google Colaboratory . 11 3.4. Economic analysis . 11 3.4.1. Staff cost . 12 3.4.2. Tools cost . 12 3.4.3. Supplies cost . 13 3.4.4. Final budget . 13 3.5. Environmental analysis . 13 4. REINFORCEMENT LEARNING ______________________________ 15 4.1. Key concepts . 15 4.2. Model-free RL algorithms . 17 4.3. RL problem as a finite Markov decision process . 17 4.4. Examples . 18 4.5. Deep reinforcement learning . 18 5. RELATED WORK _________________________________________ 20 5.1. Content-based filtering . 20 5.2. Collaborative filtering . 21 5.3. Deep neural networks . 22 5.4. Reinforcement learning in recommender systems . 24 5.4.1. Model-based approaches. 25 5.4.2. Model-free approaches . 26 5.4.3. Summary . 28 6. PROBLEM FORMULATION _________________________________ 31
North Stradbroke Island; An island ark for Queensland's koala population

South East Queensland (SEQ) is experiencing the fastest human population growth in Australia, with attendant challenges for wildlife conservation due to expanding urbanisation. The documented dramatic decline of koalas Phascolarctos cinereus on mainland SEQ has provoked popular suggestions that North Stradbroke Island (NSI) should become an "island ark" for koalas. A multidisciplinary study was undertaken to determine the status of koalas on NSI. Aboriginal and European references to koalas on NSI were collected and analysed. To study koala distribution, direct and indirect visual surveys were conducted, whilst habitat use and home ranges were determined by fitting 33 koalas with VHF collars and radio-tracking them. Population characteristics, including health status, proximate causes of mortality and genetic profile, were gathered from radio-tracked koalas and from hospital databases of the Department of Environment and Resource Management. ; ;
Correlation of the early Paleogene in northwest Europe: an overview

The last two decades have seen a major resurgence of interest, both commercial and scientific, in the early Paleogene stratigraphy of northwest Europe. The commercial interest has arisen primarily as a result of major oil and gas finds in the central and Northern North Sea, mostly in deep-water sandstones of late Paleocene to mid Eocene age. Increased interest in the onshore sections has been stimulated partly in response to the offshore hydrocarbon exploration, but largely through the activities of international (IUGS/IGCP) working groups, whose primary concern is the establishment of a globally standardized system of series and stages. The onshore sections of the southern North Sea Basin area are of particular importance in these investigations, because they include the historical stratotypes for the Paleocene and Eocene series and for their constituent stages. Unfortunately, these historical stratotypes are inappropriate as global stratotypes because of their stratigraphic incompleteness, and their limited representation of the standard Paleogene biozones. Only through the fullest understanding of these historical stratotype sections, however, can we ensure that the standard stages are defined in a way that ensures the maximum compatibility with traditional assignments in NW Europe (Knox 1994; Schmitz 1994). For a long time the commercially driven and scientifically driven lines of investigation proceeded more or less independently, partly because of the confidential nature of the offshore investigations and partly because of difficulties in correlating widely separated sections of strongly contrasting lithofacies and biofacies. For these reasons, the earlier stratigraphic compliations for the Paleogene of northwest. Europe
Conservation Genetics of the Endangered Delta Smelt ( Hypomesus transpacificus) in the San Francisco Estuary

Delta smelt (Hypomesus transpacificus) are small, planktivorous, pelagic fish endemic to the upper San Francisco Estuary (SFE). The SFE is a highly urbanized ecosystem that is affected by the introduction of nonnative species, water diversions, contaminants, and the creation of an extensive levee system, which are all considered threats to delta smelt. Delta smelt were relatively abundant prior to 1980, with populations declining dramatically after this time. Delta smelt were listed as threatened by both federal and state agencies in 1993, and sustained record-low abundance indices prompted their listing as endangered under the California Endangered Species Act in 2009. In response to this decline, a captive breeding program for delta smelt has been established at the UC Davis Fish Conservation & Culture Laboratory to preserve this species in the event of extinction in the wild. The overall goal of this dissertation is to inform conservation efforts for delta smelt by 1. developing a genetic management and monitoring plan for the captive delta smelt population, and 2. exploring the genetic diversity of this species in its native range. To assess wild delta smelt population genetics and to genetically manage the captive population, I developed 24 microsatellite loci for delta smelt that also crossamplified in longfin smelt (Spirinchus thaleichthys) and wakasagi smelt (Hypomesus nipponensis) (Chapter 1). In Chapter 2, I describe the development and implementation
Till beneath ice stream B: 3. Till deformation: Evidence and implications

Most of the velocity of ice stream B near the Upstream B camp (UpB), West Antarctica, appears to arise from deformation of a seismically detected, subglacial till layer that averages 6 m thick. Available evidence indicates that the entire thickness of this till layer is deforming and is eroding subjacent bedrock into flutes parallel to ice flow and hundreds of meters across. The resulting till flux beneath UpB is equivalent to an average erosion rate of about 0.4 mm yr−1 in the catchment area and suggests that till deltas tens of kilometers long have been deposited at the grounding line during the Holocene. Such deltas should be characterized by partial ice-till decoupling across a water film and by a small ice-air surface slope; they may have been discovered by recent geophysical work.
Probabilistic-mechanistic simulation of bed-normal joint patterns

Abstract Mechanistic and probabilistic methods are individually used to characterize and predict joint networks. Combining these two approaches yields a method where the mechanical controls are honoured and implemented probabilistically in order to efficiently model joint development at the scale of the entire network with a useful ease of implementation. For this approach, bed-normal joints are characterized not with fracture trace geometries, but rather with intersection geometries to bedding. T-intersections represent joint termination at bedding, X-intersections represent joints crossing bedding and E-intersections are those intersections at the sample window edge. Using the intersection counts as input, a new computer program was developed that uses mechanically constrained probabilities to simulate and predict the spatial distribution of bed-normal joints in profiles across bedding. Initially, simulations are compared to ideal joint geometries for one or two lithologies with one or two bed thickness values, and found to match well. Simulations are then compared to joint geometries in four natural profiles from Llantwit Major, Wales, UK and Huntingdon, PA, USA. Simulations visually resemble the natural profiles and reasonably match the natural values of the joint network for density and mean joint height. We also extend the methodology to predicting joint networks beyond sample windows by investigating the minimum count of intersections needed to produce a representative result. Based on the five natural profiles with typical joint geometries, a sample size about 50–100 intersection counts is sufficient to produce a reasonable prediction of the expected count and, hence, the joint geometry in a rock volume.
TINDAK TUTUR DIREKTIF DALAM WACANA NOVEL TRILOGI KARYA AGUSTINUS WIBOWO

Tujuan penelitian tesis ini adalah (1) mengidentifikasi jenis-jenis TTD yang ada di dalam novel Trilogi karya Wibowo; (2) mendeskripsi fungsi TTD dalam novel Trilogi karya Wibowo; (3) menentukan jenis TTD dalam novel Trilogi karya Wibowo,dan (4) menentukan fungsi TTD dalam novel Trilogi karya Wibowo. Pengumpulan data dilakukan dengan metode simak dan teknik catat. Analisis data menggunakan analisis pragmatik dengan teknik padan pragmatis dan teknik agih. Pemaparan hasil analisis data menggunakan metode informal. Hasil penelitian adalah tuturan di dalam wacana novel Trilogi karya Wibowo ditemukan berbagai macam variasi tuturan. Berdasarkan jenis tindak tutur dalam tuturan direktif ditemukan tindak tutur langsung, tindak tutur tidak langsung, tindak tutur harfiah, dan tindak tutur tidak harfiah. Berdasarkan fungsi pragmatis tindak tutur direktif ditemukan fungsi direktif yang meliputi fungsi mengajak, perintah, memperingatkan, bertanya, melarang, menasihati, mendorong, memohon, mengizinkan, menyarankan, mengajak, meminta, dan mengkomando. Berdasarkan dominasi jenis TTD yang paling banyak ditemukan adalah TTD tindak tutur langsung dan tidak langsung, dominasi fungsi yang banyak ditemukan adalah TTD dengan fungsi perintah dan pertanyaan.
Representing model uncertainty in weather and climate prediction

▪ Abstract Weather and climate predictions are uncertain, because both forecast initial conditions and the computational representation of the known equations of motion are uncertain. Ensemble prediction systems provide the means to estimate the flow-dependent growth of uncertainty during a forecast. Sources of uncertainty must therefore be represented in such systems. In this paper, methods used to represent model uncertainty are discussed. It is argued that multimodel and related ensembles are vastly superior to corresponding single-model ensembles, but do not provide a comprehensive representation of model uncertainty. A relatively new paradigm is discussed, whereby unresolved processes are represented by computationally efficient stochastic-dynamic schemes.
Conjunction Assessment Past, Present, and Future

Since 1957, humankind's reliance on the space domain for military, humanitarian, and commercial applications has continued to increase. 1960 first successful use of a meteorological satellite,1963 first use of a geosynchronous communications satellite, 1985 Block I of GPS fielded, 1998 first module of ISS, 2001 first satellite radio broadcast over North America. What you take into space, stays in space: launch vehicle, rocket-bodies, mission-related debris. Debris can also be generated on-orbit: fuel/battery explosions, collisions. Only naturally-occurring retarding effect is orbital decay due to atmospheric drag: some remediation measures available, active debris removal not yet viable option. Because of our reliance on space and the fact that space really isn't limitless, the Big Sky theory is no longer an acceptable risk posture. There have been eight (8) on-orbit collisions reported to date, half of which occurred in the last 10 years.
Plasma Membrane Overgrowth Causes 1 Fibrotic Collagen Accumulation and Immune 2 Activation in Drosophila Adipocytes 3 4

Plasma Membrane Overgrowth Causes 1 Fibrotic Collagen Accumulation and Immune 2 Activation in Drosophila Adipocytes 3 4 Yiran Zang, Wan Ming, Min Liu, Hongmei Ke, Shuangchun Ma, Lu-Ping Liu, Jian5 Quan Ni and José Carlos Pastor-Pareja 6 7 Affiliations: 8 1 School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China 9 2 Gene Regulatory Lab, School of Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China 10 3 Tsinghua Fly Center, School of Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China 11 * These authors contributed equally 12 § To whom correspondence should be addressed: jose.pastor@biomed.tsinghua. edu.cn 13
Predicting the permeability of sediments entering subduction zones

Using end‐member permeabilities defined by a worldwide compilation of sediment permeabilities at convergent margins, we compare permeability predictions using a geometric mean and a two‐component effective medium theory (EMT). Our implementation of EMT includes a threshold fraction of the high‐permeability component that determines whether flow occurs dominantly in the high‐ or low‐permeability component. We find that this threshold fraction in most cases is equal to the silt + sand‐sized fraction of the sediment. This suggests that sediments undergoing primary consolidation tend to exhibit flow equally distributed between the high‐ and low‐permeability components. We show that the EMT method predicts permeability better than the weighted geometric mean of the end‐member values for clay fractions <0.6. This work provides insight into the microstructural controls on permeability in subducting sediments and valuable guidance for locations which lack site‐specific permeability results but have available grain‐size information.
A summer monsoon pump to keep the Bay of Bengal salty

The Bay of Bengal receives a large influx of freshwater from precipitation and river discharge. Outflow of excess freshwater and inflow of saltier water is required to prevent the bay from freshening. Relatively fresh water flows out of the bay along its boundaries and inflow of saltier water occurs via the Summer Monsoon Current (SMC), which flows eastward from the Arabian Sea into the bay. This saltier water, however, slides under the lighter surface water of the bay. Maintaining the salt balance of the bay therefore demands upward mixing of this saltier, subsurface water. Here, we show that an efficient mechanism for this mixing is provided by upward pumping of saltier water in several bursts during the summer monsoon along the meandering path of the SMC. Advection by currents can then take this saltier water into the rest of the basin, allowing the bay to stay salty despite a large net freshwater input.
Stem Cell Oncology

Subjective global assessment is used as a simple way to assess malnutrition without the use of complete body composition analysis. Increased metabolism, characterised by increased resting metabolic rate, is often found in patients with cancer. The aim of this research is to identify the correlation between subjective global assessment, resting metabolic rate and fat free mass in patients with Non-Hodgkin lymphoma. Correlation between resting metabolic rate and fat free mass are measured by bioelectrical impedance analysis and subjective global assessment and then assessed and analysed. A sample of 27 non-Hodgkin lymphoma patients was used, consisting of approximately 60% men and 40% women. Of the subjects, 7.4% were found to be well nourished, 63% were malnourished and 29.6% were severely malnourished. The mean resting metabolic rate and fat free mass were 1346.3 ± 145.7 kcal and 44.5 ± 6.8 kg respectively. Only 3% of the patients were found to have above-normal resting metabolic rates. No correlation was found between subjective global assessment and resting metabolic rate (p = 0.275) or fat free mass (p = 0.850). There was no correlation between subjective global assessment and resting metabolic rate or fat free mass as measured by bioelectrical impedance analysis in non-Hodgkin lymphoma patients.
FERRAMENTAS APLICADAS NO ENSINO DE CARTOGRAFIA: O ATLAS GEOGRÁFICO DIGITAL, O WEBGIS E OS JOGOS DIGITAIS INTERATIVOS (Tools applied in teaching of mapping: the geographic atlas digital, the webgis games and interactive digital)

O presente artigo tem como objetivo analisar e discutir sobre alguns Objetos de Aprendizagem (atlas geografico digital, webgis e jogos digitais Interativos) ( CASTELLAR; SACRAMENTO; MUNHOZ, 2011) que podem ser utilizados por educadores em sala de aula, como recurso no processo de ensino-aprendizado de cartografia, nos ensinos fundamental e medio. Essa discussao surgiu a partir da analise realizada por alunos da graduacao do curso de Geografia da UFPA, durante a disciplina Introducao ao Ensino de Cartografia, nos anos de 2011 e 2012, onde foi observado que essas ferramentas ainda nao sao utilizadas em todo seu potencial pelos educadores de Geografia. Nesse sentido, propoem-se uma breve discussao, a partir da analise de alguns exemplos selecionados, sobre como essas tecnologias podem tornar-se recursos de fundamental importância para o ensino de Cartografia e Geografia, e como devem ser utilizados e aplicados em sala de aula pelos educadores de forma critica, permitindo aos alunos uma aprendizagem adequada do espaco geografico. Normal 0 21 false false false PT-BR X-NONE X-NONE /* Style Definitions */ table.MsoNormalTable {mso-style-name:"Tabela normal"; mso-tstyle-rowband-size:0; mso-tstyle-colband-size:0; mso-style-noshow:yes; mso-style-priority:99; mso-style-parent:""; mso-padding-alt:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; mso-para-margin:0cm; mso-para-margin-bottom:. 0001pt; mso-pagination:widow-orphan; font-size:10.0pt; font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif"; mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman";}
The examination of encrustations in an unlined borehole using the sidewall sampling technique

Abstract In borehole rehabilitation, engineers usually have limited access to information about the borehole condition and the processes involved. This paper describes the use of the sidewall sampling technique to gain information about some manganese encrustations which are considered to be adversely affecting the yield of a large-diameter, unlined, Triassic sandstone borehole in NW England. Trials with the technique proved successful and suggest that it is worth considering in any rehabilitation feasibility or implementation projects in which similar conditions prevail.
Quantified estimates of total GWPs for greenhouse gases taking into account tropospheric chemistry

The purpose of this report is to give interim account of the progress being made at Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory (LLNL) in developing an improved capability for assessing the direct and indirect effects on Global Warming Potentials. Much of our current efforts are being devoted to improving the capability for modeling of global tropospheric processes in our state-of-the-art zonally-averaged chemical-radiative-transport model of the troposphere and stratosphere. These efforts are in preparation for an improved evaluation and better quantification of the indirect GWPs resulting from effects on tropospheric ozone from ethane and other gases with significant human-related emissions. There are three major findings that should result from this project that should have significant impacts on EPA and its programs. First, the current and ongoing studies of the direct and indirect GWPs should have a significant influence on the continuing national and international assessments of climate change. Second, the improved capability for modeling of chemical and physical processes should lead to enhanced understanding of the controlling factors influencing ozone, hydroxyl and other key tropospheric constituents. Third, the enhanced modeling capability should be important to future studies of human-related influences on tropospheric and stratospheric chemical processes.