Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The UTAUT2 to Explains How Tiktok Shop Application Affects Consumers' Behavior

This study aims to determine the effect of m-commerce adoption on consumer buying interest in TikTok Shop application users in Indonesia. The trend of trading through mobile applications has made several social commerce companies take advantage of this very lucrative market opportunity. TikTok Shop is one of the social commerce platforms that is currently growing, so there is still little research that analyzes consumer buying interest in the TikTok Shop application. To achieve the objectives of this study, the author uses the Unified Theory of Acceptance and Use of Technology (UTAUT2) approach model by using the variables of performance expectancy, effort expectancy, social influence, and price value as independent variables, on the variable intention to buy as the dependent variable mediated by perceived trust as an intervening variable. The research survey was conducted on 200 respondents (Hair et al. Theory) who have made transactions on the TikTok Shop application. The research method used is a quantitative method with a purposive sampling technique. The analysis technique uses PLS-SEM. The results showed that performance expectancy positively affected the intention to buy, but had no effect on perceived trust. Meanwhile, effort expectancy, social influence, and price value did not affect the intention to buy but had a positive effect on perceived trust. In addition, Perceived trust had no significant effect as a connecting variable between performance expectancy, effort expectancy, social influence, and price value on intention to buy. Keywords: technology commerce, M-commerce adoption, intention to buy, UTAUT2, TikTok shop
Statistical inference for generalized case-cohort design under the proportional hazards model with parameter constraints

ABSTRACT The generalized case-cohort design is widely used in large cohort studies to reduce the cost and improve the efficiency. Taking prior information of parameters into consideration in modeling process can further raise the inference efficiency. In this paper, we consider fitting proportional hazards model with constraints for generalized case-cohort studies. We establish a working likelihood function for the estimation of model parameters. The asymptotic properties of the proposed estimator are derived via the Karush-Kuhn-Tucker conditions, and their finite properties are assessed by simulation studies. A modified minorization-maximization algorithm is developed for the numerical calculation of the constrained estimator. An application to a Wilms tumor study demonstrates the utility of the proposed method in practice.
Measuring the cosmic bulk flow with 6dFGSv

Abstract While recent years have seen rapid growth in the number of galaxy peculiar velocity measurements, disagreements remain about the extent to which the peculiar velocity field - a tracer of the large-scale distribution of mass - agrees with both ΛCDM expectations and with velocity field models derived from redshift surveys. The 6dF Galaxy Survey includes peculiar velocities for nearly 9 000 early-type galaxies (6dFGSv), making it the largest and most homogeneous galaxy peculiar velocity sample to date. We have used the 6dFGS velocity field to determine the amplitude and scale of large-scale cosmic flows in the local universe and test standard cosmological models. We also compare the galaxy density and peculiar velocity fields to establish the distribution of dark and luminous matter and better constrain key cosmological parameters such as the redshift-space distortion parameter.
Delivery of Low-Diluted Toothpaste during Brushing Improves Enamel Acid Resistance

Toothpaste viscosity decreases rapidly when diluted with saliva during brushing, potentially causing premature washout of high-risk caries areas and reducing the uptake of dental fluoride ions. However, no reports have examined the acid resistance of enamel from the perspective of the toothpaste’s physical properties. This study aimed to elucidate the impact of toothpaste dilution on the acid resistance of the enamel, using bovine enamel as the subject. Five diluted toothpaste groups were created: a control group without toothpaste, and 100% (1.00×), 67% (1.50×), 50% (2.00×), and 25% (4.00×) dilution groups. Acid resistance was evaluated through pH cycling after toothpaste application. The results revealed a significant increase in substantial defects, compared to 67% (1.50×) at dilutions of 50% (2.00×) or higher, accompanied by a decrease in Vickers hardness. Moreover, the mineral loss increased with dilution, and a significant difference was observed between 67% (1.50×) and 50% (2.00×) (p < 0.01). This study revealed that the acid resistance of the enamel decreased when the dilution of toothpaste during brushing exceeded 67% (1.5×). Therefore, delivering toothpaste with a lower dilution to high-risk caries areas, including interproximal spaces and adjacent surfaces, could maintain a higher concentration of active ingredients in the toothpaste, thereby enhancing its medical effects.
Horizontal Deceleration Performance in Professional Female Handball Players

Given the multidirectional nature of the sport, handball athletes must frequently perform high-intensity decelerations to avoid defenders, generate space, or perform directional changes. The aim of the present study was twofold: (i) to investigate different kinematic measures of horizontal deceleration performance by comparing the acceleration-deceleration assessment (ADA) with the 5-0-5 test and (ii) to investigate relationships between force-time characteristics derived from the countermovement vertical jump (CVJ) and measures of horizontal deceleration performance. Eleven female handball players competing in the first-tier professional league in Europe performed three CVJs while standing on a uni-axial force plate system sampling at 1000 Hz, followed by two ADAs (i.e., maximal-effort acceleration over a 10 m distance, followed by rapid deceleration) and 5-0-5 test trials. Tripod-mounted radar sampling at 47 Hz, placed 5 m behind the start line, was used to record horizontal velocity data. Each test was separated by a 5–7 min rest interval to minimize the influence of fatigue. No statistically significant differences were found in horizontal deceleration performance parameters between ADA and the 5-0-5 test. However, athletes with a higher CVJ height and reactive strength index-modified showed better performance in terms of horizontal deceleration measures such as maximal approach velocity and average and maximal deceleration. Overall, these results may be of interest to practitioners working with multidirectional sport athletes such as handball players as they provide critical insight for the selection of assessments and training strategies targeted toward optimizing on-court athlete performance.
Wave motion in an elastic solid due to a nonuniformly moving line load

The wave motion resulting from a line load moving through an unbounded elastic solid is considered. The line load suddenly appears in the body, and then moves in a fixed direction with nonuniform speed. Exact expressions are derived for the displacement potential functions for all places in the body, for all time, by Laplace transform methods. The wavefronts, particularly the Mach waves trailing the moving load, are determined by integrating the bicharacteristic equations. The details of the wavefront shapes are illustrated and discussed for a load accelerating or decelerating in a prescribed way. Finally, a sample first-motion calculation is carried out in which the mean normal stress is determined immediately behind the dilatational wavefront by asymptotic methods. Introduction. The problem of determining the response of an elastic solid to moving loads has been of interest for some time. The motivation for studying problems of this kind has been provided by the fields of structural dynamics, seismology, and related areas. The particular moving-load problems which have been studied may be put into one of three categories, according to the way in which the position of the load depends on time. The three categories are: (i) steady wave motion due to a load moving with constant velocity for all time, (ii) transient wave motion due to a load which begins to act at a certain instant and then moves with constant velocity, and (iii) transient wave motion due to a load which begins to act at a certain instant and then moves in some direction with time-dependent speed. The problem considered here is of the third kind. Representative of the first kind of problem is the steady motion of a line load on the surface of an elastic half-space, which was studied by Sneddon [1] and Cole and Huth [2]. The three-dimensional problem, in which the steady motion of a point force in an unbounded body is studied, was considered by Eason, Fulton and Sneddon [3], The transient problem of a line load which suddenly appears on the surface of an elastic half-space and then moves off with constant velocity, which is typical of type (ii), was considered by Ang [4] and by Pay ton [5]. Both employed integral transform methods and a version of the Cagniard-de Hoop [6] technique. The corresponding three-dimensional problem of a pressure-spot suddenly appearing on the surface of an elastic half-space and then moving with constant velocity was considered by Payton [7]. A number of other references to problems of the first and second kinds may be found in the paper by Gakenheimer [8]. * Received August 5, 1971; revised version received October 9, 1971. The support of the National Science Foundation through grant GK26002X to Brown University is gratefully acknowledged.
Statistical Power and Effect Size in Informative Retrieval Experiments

Statistical tests are used in information retrieval to test various hypotheses such as which indexing method is better or which retrieval system is better. Sometimes when using these statistical tests there is not enough evidence to reject the null hypothesis. Then either we have correctly discovered a true null hypothesis or made a type II error (probability denoted by b) and falsely accepted a .
D-type iterative learning control for a class of parabolic partial difference systems

In this paper, an iterative learning control problem is addressed for a class of parabolic partial difference systems. Several discrete D-type iterative learning control algorithms with initial state learning are proposed for the systems which have no direct channel between the input and output as well as the initial state value being unfixed in the learning process. Based on fundamental mathematical analysis tools and the discrete Gronwall inequality, sufficient conditions for tracking error convergence in the iterative domain for open-loop, closed-loop and open-closed-loop iterative learning control are established and proven respectively. Numerical simulations verify the effectiveness of the theoretical results.
Numerical Simulation of Breast Cancer in the Early Diagnosis with Actual Dimension and Characteristics Using Photoacoustic Tomography

A numerical study and simulation of breast imaging in the early detection of tumors using the photoacoustic (PA) phenomenon are presented. There have been various reports on the simulation of the PA phenomenon in the breast, which are not in the real dimensions of the tissue. Furthermore, the diﬀerent layers of the breast have not been considered. Therefore, it has not been possible to rely on the values and characteristics of the resulting data and to compare it with the actual state. Here, the real dimensions of the breast at three-dimensional and diﬀerent constituent layers have been considered. After reviewing simulation methods and software for diﬀerent stages of the PA phenomenon, a single suitable platform, which is commercially available ﬁnite element software (COMSOL), has been selected for simulating. The optical, thermal, elastic, and acoustic characteristics of diﬀerent layers of breast and tumor at radiated laser wavelength (800 nm) were accurately calculated or obtained from a reliable source. Finally, by deﬁning an array of 32 ultrasonic sensors on the breast cup at the deﬁned arcs of the 2D slices, the PA waves can be collected and transmitted to MATLAB software to reconstruct the images. We can study the resulting PA wave and its changes in more detail using our scenarios.
Recent Advances in Electrochemical Sensors for Sulfur-Containing Antioxidants

Sulfur-containing antioxidants are an important part of the antioxidant defense systems in living organisms under the frame of a thiol–disulfide equilibrium. Among them, l-cysteine, l-homocysteine, l-methionine, glutathione, and α-lipoic acid are the most typical representatives. Their actions in living systems are briefly discussed. Being electroactive, sulfur-containing antioxidants are interesting analytes to be determined using various types of electrochemical sensors. Attention is paid to the chemically modified electrodes with various nanostructured coverages. The analytical capabilities of electrochemical sensors for sulfur-containing antioxidant quantification are summarized and discussed. The data are summarized and presented on the basis of the electrode surface modifier applied, i.e., carbon nanomaterials, metal and metal oxide nanoparticles (NPs) and nanostructures, organic mediators, polymeric coverage, and mixed modifiers. The combination of various types of nanomaterials provides a wider linear dynamic range, lower limits of detection, and higher selectivity in comparison to bare electrodes and sensors based on the one type of surface modifier. The perspective of the combination of chromatography with electrochemical detection providing the possibility for simultaneous determination of sulfur-containing antioxidants in a complex matrix has also been discussed.
A Comprehensive Survey of Generative Adversarial Networks (GANs) in Cybersecurity Intrusion Detection

Generative Adversarial Networks (GANs) have seen significant interest since their introduction in 2014. While originally focused primarily on image-based tasks, their capacity for generating new, synthetic data has brought them into many different fields of Machine Learning research. Their use in cybersecurity has grown swiftly, especially in tasks which require training on unbalanced datasets of attack classes. In this paper we examine the use of GANs in Intrusion Detection Systems (IDS) and how they are currently being employed in this area of research. GANs are currently in use for the creation of adversarial examples, editing the semantic information of data, creating polymorphic samples of malware, augmenting data for rare classes, and much more. We have endeavored to create a paper that may act as a primer for cybersecurity specialists and machine learning researchers alike. This paper details what GANs are and how they work, the current types of GAN in use in the area, datasets used in this research, metrics for evaluation, current areas of use in intrusion detection, and when and how they are best used.
Generalized Euclidean distance degree and numerical algebraic geometry

This is a study of the critical points of the squared Euclidean distance function associated with two smooth algebraic varieties in $\mathbb{C}^n$. The main result is a numerical homotopy that can be used to approximate all the isolated critical points. This homotopy has the optimal number of paths under certain genericity assumptions. Applications include the optimization problem of computing the distance between two real varieties. Relations to triangulation of real varieties and meshing algorithms used in computer graphics are also discussed in the paper. The resulting algorithms have been implemented using \emph{Bertini} and \emph{Macaulay2}.
On the Finite Mixture Modelling via Normal Mean-variance Birnbaum-Saunders Distribution

This paper presents a new finite mixture model using the normal meanvariance mixture of Birnbaum-Saunders distribution. The proposed model is multimodal with wider ranges of skewness and kurtosis. Moreover, it is useful for modeling highly asymmetric data in various theoretical and applied statistical problems. The maximum likelihood estimates of the parameters of the model are computed iteratively by feasible EM algorithm. To illustrate the finite sample properties and performance of the estimators, we conduct a simulation study and illustrate the usefulness of the new model by analyzing a real dataset.
Comparison of Aero-Elastic Simulations and Measurements Performed on NENUPHAR’s 600kW Vertical Axis Wind Turbine: Impact of the Aerodynamic Modelling Methods

Aero-elastic solver predictions are compared to measured data from the NENUPHAR’s 1HS prototype, with a focus on the blade loads. Two solvers are investigated, namely the HAWC2 solver, and DeepLinesWindTM, respectively based on a linear and a non-linear formulation of the Timoshenko beam theory. Various aerodynamic models are used, from simple Multiple Streamtube models up to the Actuator-Cylinder flow model and 2D/3D Vortex flow solvers. A special attention is also given to the influence of the dynamic stall on the results. Aero-elastic solvers predictions are accurate and fit well with the measured blade loads, but this work emphasizes the fact that suitable aerodynamic model and stall model should be used.
The Effect of Operating Parameters on Total Cross-membrane Flux in a PVDF Flat Sheet Membrane

Membrane distillation (MD) is an emerging thermal membrane technology that involves water vapor driven by a vapor pressure gradient over a hydrophobic membrane. MD faces several challenges, one of which is the flux of water vapor. The total cross-membrane flux in membrane distillation was investigated in this paper using the co-current PVDF flat sheet for direct contact. membrane distillation applications. The goal of this research is to improve total cross-membrane flux. The effect of various operational parameters is studied, including feed inlet temperature (333.15–358.15 K), feed flow rate (1–2.5 kg/s), permeate inlet temperature (288.15–313.15 K), and feed inlet NaCl concentration (0.035 to 0.485 kg/kg). To acquire a good value of total cross-membrane flux, their interactions with the total cross-membrane flux are studied in this work. The obtained results were computed during MATLAB-Simulations under several scenarios adopting the Trial-&-Error approach. This last inputs various parameters' values and thus draws the required curves to be discussed and analyzed. The results indicated that the PVDF flat sheet membranes provide a significantly higher total cross-membrane flux at higher feed input temperatures, producing a 73.2075 kg/(m2 h) at a feed inlet temperature of 358.15 K, a permeate inlet temperature of 293.15 K, and a flow rate of 2.5 kg/s, with a feed inlet NaCl concentration of 0.035 kg/kg. Feed inlet temperature significantly affected the total flux through the membrane; however, flow rate, permeate inlet temperature, and feed inlet NaCl concentration had a less significant effect.
Lung Abnormalities in Liver Cirrhosis

This article aims to provide what lung disorders can be caused by liver cirrhosis and also explain the pathophysiology of each etiologies. Regardless of preexisting lung illness, patients suffering from liver cirrhosis, especially decompensated liver cirrhosis can develop distinct pulmonary complications. Liver cirrhosis patients should be assessed for hepatopulmonary syndrome (HPS), portopulmonary hypertension (PoPH), hepatic hydrothorax (HH), and spontaneous bacterial empyema (SBEM) which are the most clinically significant pulmonary consequences, in particular when dyspnea develops in conjunction with hepatic cirrhosis. These entities differ in terms of pathophysiology, clinical characteristics, diagnosis, and suitable treatment options. This emphasizes the need for a specific diagnostic algorithm in liver cirrhosis patients presenting with dyspnea or other pulmonary symptoms. These pulmonary complications might be rare in patients with liver cirrhosis and portal hypertension but these complications might carry significant morbidity and mortality risks and, therefore, strong clinical suspicion is required to make an early accurate diagnosis. There are several medical therapies available for each condition in multiple studies but most of the treatments and procedures don’t have a significant benefit or have short-lived benefits. The only treatment that changes the clinical prognosis of decompensated cirrhosis effectively in the long term is liver transplantation. However, liver transplantation also needs careful consideration as in some cases it might increase the risk of morbidity and mortality.
Automated Gait Analysis Based on a Marker-Free Pose Estimation Model

Gait analysis is an essential tool for detecting biomechanical irregularities, designing personalized rehabilitation plans, and enhancing athletic performance. Currently, gait assessment depends on either visual observation, which lacks consistency between raters and requires clinical expertise, or instrumented evaluation, which is costly, invasive, time-consuming, and requires specialized equipment and trained personnel. Markerless gait analysis using 2D pose estimation techniques has emerged as a potential solution, but it still requires significant computational resources and human involvement, making it challenging to use. This research proposes an automated method for temporal gait analysis that employs the MediaPipe Pose, a low-computational-resource pose estimation model. The study validated this approach against the Vicon motion capture system to evaluate its reliability. The findings reveal that this approach demonstrates good (ICC(2,1) > 0.75) to excellent (ICC(2,1) > 0.90) agreement in all temporal gait parameters except for double support time (right leg switched to left leg) and swing time (right), which only exhibit a moderate (ICC(2,1) > 0.50) agreement. Additionally, this approach produces temporal gait parameters with low mean absolute error. It will be useful in monitoring changes in gait and evaluating the effectiveness of interventions such as rehabilitation or training programs in the community.
Stability analysis of crown pillar under the zone of relaxation around sub-level open stopes using numerical modelling

Abstract The stability of stopes and pillars is a critical concern in deep underground metal mining due to the potential for stress concentration and relaxation that can cause the dynamic failure of pillars. This study employs a finite element approach to investigate the behaviour of crown pillars to various stress and geo-mining parameters. The analysis includes examining stresses, deformations, and yielding zones around the crown pillars using variations in rock mass parameters. The study involves 240 non-linear numerical models with the Mohr–Coulomb elastoplastic failure criteria under plane strain conditions. The results indicate that increasing the crown pillar thickness from 5 to 8 m reduces maximum vertical deformation by 55.8% and the maximum extent of yielding zones from 2.2 to 0 m. The study suggests a 6 m crown pillar for depths up to 670.56 m and thicker pillars of 7 m or more for greater depths.