Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Amazon River Discharge and Climate Variability: 1903 to 1985

Reconstruction of an 83-year record (1903 to 1985) of the discharge of the Amazon River shows that there has been no statistically significant change in discharge over the period of record and that the predominant interannual variability occurs on the 2- to 3-year time scale. Oscillations of river discharge predate significant human influences in the Amazon basin and reflect both extrabasinal and local factors. Cross-spectrum analyses of Amazon flow anomalies with indicators of the El Ni�o-Southern Oscillation phenomenon suggest that the oscillations in the hydrograph are coupled to the tropical Pacific climate cycle.
A Long and Winding Road: 40 Years of R&D Management

Established in 1970, R&D Management is today one of the leading journals of the technology and innovation management (TIM) field that spans the business and management subject areas. It publishes innovative research with high academic interest. This paper reviews the journal's history and the major contributions of its first 40 years, examines its present position in the context of TIM literature, and then looks at the factors which might affect the journal in the future. Descriptive and nonparametric bibliometric methods are used to examine the historic performance of the journal and the field, its current position, and the factors shaping future development.
Rapid Mechanically Controlled Rewiring of Neuronal Circuits

CNS injury may lead to permanent functional deficits because it is still not possible to regenerate axons over long distances and accurately reconnect them with an appropriate target. Using rat neurons, microtools, and nanotools, we show that new, functional neurites can be created and precisely positioned to directly (re)wire neuronal networks. We show that an adhesive contact made onto an axon or dendrite can be pulled to initiate a new neurite that can be mechanically guided to form new synapses at up to 0.8 mm distance in <1 h. Our findings challenge current understanding of the limits of neuronal growth and have direct implications for the development of new therapies and surgical techniques to achieve functional regeneration. SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT Brain and spinal cord injury may lead to permanent disability and death because it is still not possible to regenerate neurons over long distances and accurately reconnect them with an appropriate target. Using microtools and nanotools we have developed a new method to rapidly initiate, elongate, and precisely connect new functional neuronal circuits over long distances. The extension rates achieved are ≥60 times faster than previously reported. Our findings have direct implications for the development of new therapies and surgical techniques to achieve functional regeneration after trauma and in neurodegenerative diseases. It also opens the door for the direct wiring of robust brain–machine interfaces as well as for investigations of fundamental aspects of neuronal signal processing and neuronal function.
[Interactive dynamic scalp acupuncture combined with occupational therapy for upper limb motor impairment in stroke: a randomized controlled trial].

OBJECTIVE To compare the clinical efficacy on upper limb motor impairment in stroke between the interactive dynamic scalp acupuncture therapy and the traditional scalp acupuncture therapy. METHODS The randomized controlled trial and MINIMIZE layering randomization software were adopted. Seventy patients of upper limb with III to V grade in Brunnstrom scale after stroke were randomized into an interactive dynamic scalp acupuncture group and a traditional scalp acupuncture group, 35 cases in each one. In the interactive dynamic scalp acupuncture group, the middle 2/5 of Dingnieqianxiexian (anterior oblique line of vertex-temporal), the middle 2/5 of Dingniehouxiexian (posterior oblique line of vertex-temporal) and Dingpangerxian (lateral line 2 of vertex) on the affected side were selected as the stimulation areas. Additionally, the rehabilitation training was applied during scalp acupuncture treatment. In the traditional scalp acupuncture group, the scalp stimulation areas were same as the interactive dynamic scalp acupuncture group. But the rehabilitation training was applied separately. The rehabilitation training was applied in the morning and the scalp acupuncture was done in the afternoon. The results in Fugl-Meyer for the upper limb motor function (U-FMA), the Wolf motor function measure scale (WM- FT) and the modified Barthel index in the two groups were compared between the two groups before treatment and in 1 and 2 months of treatment, respectively. RESULTS After treatment, the U-FMA score, WMFT score and the score of the modified Barthel index were all apparently improved as compared with those before treatment (all P < 0.01). The improvement in the U-FMA score after treatment in the interactive dynamic scalp acupuncture group was better than that in the traditional scalp acupuncture group (P < 0.05). For the patients of IV to V grade in Brunnstrom scale, WMFT score in 2 months of treatment and the score of Barthel index after treatment in the interactive dynamic scalp acupuncture group were improved apparently as compared with those in the traditional scalp acupuncture group (P < 0.05, P < 0.01). But, for the patients of III grade in Brunnstrom scale, WMFT score and the score of Barthel index after treatment in the interactive dynamic scalp acupuncture group were not different significantly as compared with those in the traditional scalp acupuncture group (both P > 0.05). CONCLUSION For the patients of IV to V grade in Brunnstrom scale in stroke, the interactive dynamic scalp acupuncture therapy achieves the superior improvements of the upper limb motor function and the activity of daily life as compared with the traditional scalp acupuncture therapy, and the longer the treatment lasts, the more apparent the improvements are. For the patients of III grade in Brunnstrom scale, the interactive dynamic scalp acupuncture therapy achieves the similar improvement in the upper limb motor impairment as compared with the traditional scalp acupuncture therapy.
Assessing generation y readiness to meet job demand: A case study of internship students at large government invested company

This paper will discuss the survey that was carried out in Large Government Invested Company.Every year, the organization accepted more than 100 internship student placement ranging from various public and private higher learning institutions (HLI) in the country. Those internship students are categorized as generation y.This generation will take over current job position when the baby boomer generation reaches their retirement ages.Survey was conducted to access the readiness of internship students towards job demand.Data were collected through online survey that was developed on the Microsoft SharePoint Portal.The result of the survey will be used to create a profile of future recruitment and developing new working surrounding for generation y in the organization.
Three-Way Handshake for Intermediate System to Intermediate System (IS-IS) Point-to-Point Adjacencies

The IS-IS routing protocol (ISO 10589) requires reliable protocols at the link layer for point-to-point links. As a result, it does not use a three-way handshake when establishing adjacencies on point-to- point media. This paper defines a backward-compatible extension to the protocol that provides for a three-way handshake. It is fully interoperable with systems that do not support the extension.
Cadenas globales de valor, comercio internacional y actuación empresaria Global value chains, international trade and business performance

Global value chains (GVC) take strong momentum in the last decade and generate a new configuration of the distribution of global production tasks. It also impacts on international trade and raises questions about bilateral and regional agreements and their relation with the World Trade Organization.Both companies and governments have opportunities and challenges to participate in these GVC, but it is also a strategy that involves risks.
The BASES Expert Statement on emotion regulation in sport

Abstract Emotions experienced before and during sports competition have been found to influence sports performance. Emotion regulation is defined as the automatic or deliberate use of strategies to initiate, maintain, modify or display emotions (Gross & Thompson, 2007) and is proposed to occur when a discrepancy exists between current and desired emotions. Two distinct motivations to regulate emotion – hedonic and instrumental (in short, for pleasure or for purpose) – have been proposed (Tamir, 2009). The instrumental approach might provide a more fruitful area of investigation for sports researchers as some athletes hold beliefs that supposedly pleasant emotions such as happiness and calmness associate with poor performance and supposedly unpleasant emotions such as anxiety and anger associate with good performance (Hanin, 2010). Athletes are more likely to try to regulate an emotion if they believe that doing so will facilitate performance. Strategies that encourage re-appraisal of factors that trigger emotions are proposed to be preferable. In this British Association of Sport and Exercise Sciences (BASES) expert statement, a summary of the key theoretical issues are offered leading to evidence-based recommendations for practitioners and researchers.
Safety and efficacy of ocrelizumab in patients with rheumatoid arthritis and an inadequate response to methotrexate: results of a forty-eight-week randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, parallel-group phase III trial.

OBJECTIVE To evaluate the efficacy and safety of treatment with ocrelizumab plus methotrexate (MTX) in patients with active rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and an inadequate response to MTX. METHODS STAGE was a phase III randomized, double-blind, parallel-group international study to evaluate the safety and efficacy of ocrelizumab compared with placebo in patients with active RA continuing MTX treatment. Patients receiving stable doses of MTX were randomized to receive 2 infusions of placebo (n = 320), ocrelizumab 200 mg (n = 343), or ocrelizumab 500 mg (n = 343) on days 1 and 15 as well as weeks 24 and 26. Coprimary end points were the proportion of patients with an American College of Rheumatology 20% improvement criteria (ACR20) response at weeks 24 and 48. Secondary end points included the change from baseline in the modified Sharp/van der Heijde score (SHS) and the ACR50/70 responses. RESULTS The ACR20 response rates were 35.7% in the placebo group, 56.9% in the ocrelizumab 200 mg group, and 54.5% in the ocrelizumab 500 mg group at 24 weeks, and 27.6%, 58.3%, and 62.1%, respectively, at 48 weeks (P < 0.0001 versus placebo for each dose at both time points). At week 48, both of the ocrelizumab doses improved the ACR50 and ACR70 response rates 3-fold as compared with placebo and showed a statistically significant (P < 0.0001) reduction in joint damage progression relative to placebo (mean change in SHS reduced by 85% and 100% for the 200-mg and 500-mg doses, respectively). Rates of serious infection were comparable in the placebo (3.48 per 100 patient-years) and ocrelizumab 200 mg (3.54 per 100 patient-years) groups but were elevated in the ocrelizumab 500 mg group (8.66 per 100 patient-years). CONCLUSION With both ocrelizumab doses, the primary end point was met, and the signs and symptoms of RA were significantly improved at weeks 24 and 48. Ocrelizumab also significantly inhibited the progression of joint damage. A higher rate of serious infections was observed with 500 mg of ocrelizumab as compared with ocrelizumab 200 mg or placebo.
Analysis of data from the Twitter account of the Berlin Police for public safety awareness

Nowadays, social networks are an essential part of modern life and they are being adopted as an additional channel for informing people about extreme events and incidents. Emergency agencies actively use the potential of the social networks from the perspective of providing situational and public safety awareness. One of such agencies is the Berlin Police that is the subject of our interest in this paper. They use its Twitter account to inform Berlin inhabitants about incidents that happen in the city. Also, they provide the Twitter marathons and campaigns to demonstrate how the police work and to motivate users to support the police by posting tweets about incidents if they became witnesses. In this paper, we analyze data from the Twitter account of the Berlin Police to understand the public safety situation in the city. We provide the analysis of the entire gathered data and data of two police Twitter marathons. Our analysis results show the different views on the public safety situation in the city: distribution of incidents in districts of the city, distribution of different types of incidents, the intensity of the incidents during the day and others.
Expression of P0 glycoprotein in CNS glia: Effects of overexpression in N20.1 cells

To examine effects of expression of the PNS myelin P0 glycoprotein in glial cells of CNS lineage, we transfected murine N20.1 glial cells with a rat P0 cDNA. A stably transfected cell line expressing high levels of P0 message showed P0 immunostaining, along with changes in morphology. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) identified the predicted rat P0 sequence in the transfected N20.1 cells and further revealed low levels of mouse P0 message in the nontransfected cells and in primary mouse astrocytes. This is the first evidence of endogenous expression of message for P0 glycoprotein in CNS glia. Quantitative RT‐PCR confirmed the expression of rat P0 mRNA in the transfected N20.1 cells, at levels about 400 times greater than murine P0 in nontransfected cells. A 27‐kD band was detected in the transfected cells by Western blot with P0 antibody, but not in mock‐transfected or nontransfected N20.1 cells. Immunocytochemistry following permeabilization showed intracellular vesicular localization of P0 in the cytoplasm and perinuclear rings in transfected cells, with a similar pattern but much lower levels in nontransfected cells. Faint surface staining for P0 protein without permeabilization was seen only on the transfected cells. A few transfected cells with membrane sheets stained more intensely for surface P0. Quantitative RT‐PCR was used to determine if P0 overexpression altered expression of other myelin‐related genes compared with glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP); the ratios of myelin basic protein (MBP)/GFAP and proteolipid protein (PLP)/GFAP were increased 2‐ to 3‐fold in the P0‐transfected cells. We conclude that P0 overexpression alters N20.1 gene expression and cell morphology, and shifts the cells from astroglial to oligodendroglial phenotype. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Urgent suspected cancer referrals from general practice: audit of compliance with guidelines and referral outcomes.

BACKGROUND Late diagnosis contributes to the UK having poorer cancer survival than many countries in Europe. Cancer referral guidelines help GPs decide which patients to refer urgently for further investigation. AIM To examine primary care referral patterns, compliance with referral guidance, and eventual outcome for patients. DESIGN AND SETTING Prospective audit within general practice in Scotland. METHOD GPs in Scotland reviewed all urgent suspected cancer referrals over a 6-month period. They noted the final diagnosis and assessed whether the referral was in accordance with agreed referral guidelines. RESULTS A total of 18 775 urgent suspected cancer referrals were analysed from 516 GP practices. The referral rate ranged from 3.7 to 24.0 per 1000 per annum; 30.8% of referrals were for patients aged under 50 years, yet this age group accounts for only 11.1% of all diagnosed cancers; 10.3% of all urgent cancer referrals were for suspected melanoma, despite this cancer accounting for only 4.1% of new cancers. The proportion of patients subsequently diagnosed with cancer was greatest for leukaemia (61.7%), prostate (52.6%), and lung cancer referrals (39.7%), and lowest for melanoma (11.8%), oesophago-gastric (11.2%), brain (10.6%), and laryngeal cancer referrals (7.8%). Compliance with referral guidelines was 90.9%. A large proportion of referrals considered to be outside the guidelines still had a cancer diagnosed (urological 15.9%, lung 8.8%, colorectal 8.4%, and breast 6.4%). CONCLUSION There is wide variation in GP referral rates for suspected cancer with a greater than expected proportion of referrals for younger people. Many referrals considered to be outside the national guidelines were diagnosed with cancer, suggesting factors other than those in referral guidelines alert GPs to the possibility of cancer.
Effects of supplemental feeding interval on adult cows in western Texas.

Two experiments involving Brangus and Hereford x Brangus cows (3 to 10 yr) were conducted at four locations in western Texas to determine the effects of supplemental feeding interval on serum urea nitrogen (SUN) patterns, intake of supplement and forage, and winter changes in live body weight and condition score. Treatments were control (Control; no supplemental feed) and the equivalent of . 91 kg/d of cottonseed meal (CSM) fed daily (Daily), three times per week (3T/WK), or one time per week (WK). At each location, one pasture group was given all four treatments (four cows/treatment) using Calan gates. In Exp. 1, conducted in 1994-95, blood samples were obtained for determining SUN during the last week of the study. Experiment 2, conducted in 1995-96, included both an individually fed herd and four additional herds at each location that were group-fed the four treatments. Experiment 2 included estimates of intakes of both CSM and forage in both individually fed and group-fed herds. A bolus containing chromium (Cr-bolus) was used to estimate fecal output in the individually fed cows. A double marker technique was used to determine total (Cr-bolus) and CSM (Yb) intakes in the group-fed cows. Data included initial and final cow weights and condition scores (Exp. 1 and 2), SUN patterns (Exp. 1), and supplement, forage, and total intakes (Exp. 2). Feeding CSM to range cows increased SUN concentrations (Exp. 1), reduced losses in live body weight and body condition score (Exp. 1 and 2), and tended to decrease forage intake by the approximate amount of the supplement (Exp. 2). Generally, providing supplement as infrequently as once per week reduced losses in live body weight and body condition score compared with control and was as effective as once daily supplementation. For the group-fed cows, supplement intake, forage intake, and live body weight change were more variable within groups with once daily feeding than when supplement was fed less frequently. These data indicate that feeding as infrequently as one time per week can be effective nutrition management for adult cows grazing native range.
Invasive bark beetle‐associated microbes degrade a host defensive monoterpene

Conifers respond to herbivore attack with defensive chemicals, which are toxic to both insects and their associated microorganisms. Microorganisms associated with insects have been widely reported to metabolize toxic chemicals, which may help both microorganisms and host insects overcome host conifer defense. Dendroctonus valens LeConte, an introduced exotic pest from North America to China, has killed millions of healthy pines. Alpha‐pinene is the most abundant defensive monoterpene in Chinese Pinus tabuliformis. Although microorganisms associated with D. valens have already been investigated, little is known about their bioactivities when encountering host defensive monoterpenes. In this study, we evaluated the influences of different concentrations of α‐pinene to D. valens and the three most frequently isolated yeasts and bacteria of D. valens, and further assayed microorganisms’ capabilities to degrade α‐pinene. Results showed that the gallery lengths and body weight changes of bark beetles were significantly affected by 6 mg/mL and 12 mg/mL of α‐pinene applied in media compared to controls. The tolerance of experimental microorganisms to α‐pinene varied depending on the microbial species. Two out of three yeast strains and all three bacterial strains degraded 20%–50% of α‐pinene compared to controls in 24 h in vitro. The microorganisms capable of α‐pinene degradation in vitro and their tolerance to high levels of α‐pinene suggested that D. valens‐associated microorganisms may help both microorganisms and the bark beetle overcome host α‐pinene defense.
Present and future drug treatment for Parkinson’s disease

Considerable advances made in defining the aetiology, pathogenesis, and pathology of Parkinson’s disease (PD) have resulted in the development and rapid expansion of the pharmacopoeia available for treatment. Anticholinergics were used before the introduction of levodopa which is now the drug most commonly used. Dopamine agonists are effective when used alone or as an adjunct to levodopa, while monoamine oxidase B inhibitors improve motor function in early and advanced PD. However, treatment mainly addresses the dopaminergic features of the disease and leaves its progressive course unaffected; the drug treatment available for the management of non-motor symptoms is limited. This article seeks to set current treatment options in context, review emerging and novel drug treatments for PD, and assess the prospects for disease modification. Surgical therapies are not considered.
The role of class I and class II HLA antigens in primary open angle glaucoma (POAG)

Several clinical and epidemiological studies have shown the role of genetic factors in the pathogenesis of primary open angle glaucoma (POAG). In this study, 30 patients affected by this disease were tissue‐typed for HLA Class I and Class II antigens. The results pointed up an increased incidence of some antigens and, particularly, a statistically significant association with DQ1 and DR11 alleles.
Race and ethnic differences in a multicenter study of home safety with vouchers redeemable for free safety devices.

BACKGROUND Most injuries to infants occur at home and are known to have a modifiable component. Additional information on safety behaviors, practices, and device ownership could inform prevention programs aimed at reducing injury-related race and ethnic disparities. METHODS This study is a secondary data analysis of race and ethnic differences in home safety using data collected by the Connecticut, Ohio, Pennsylvania, Minnesota, and New York sites of the Injury Free Coalition for Kids. Study participants were English- and Spanish-speaking parents/guardians of infants aged 4 months to 6 months. All participants received a voucher redeemable for free safety devices and educational materials. RESULTS Five hundred forty-two study participants were 37.8% black, 41.7% Hispanic, 10.5% white, and 10.0% other race. Whites more frequently owned/had safety devices including cabinet latches (chi2 =28.9, p < 0.0001), drawer latches (chi2 =21.4, p < 0.0001), bath thermometers (chi2 =22.5, p < 0.0001), electric outlet covers (chi2 =15.9, p = 0.0004), and poison control number (chi 2=93.8, p < 0.0001). Practice of unsafe behaviors, such as stomach sleep position, was higher in blacks (29.3%) than whites (15.8%) or Hispanics (17.7%) (chi2 =11.8, p < 0.0083). Overall, 62.1% redeemed vouchers, but this varied significantly by ethnicity: blacks (42.2%), non-Hispanic whites (64.6%), and Hispanics (76.3%) (chi2 = 48.5, p < 0.0001). CONCLUSIONS Compared with whites, both blacks and Hispanics were less likely to own a variety of safety devices at baseline, but Hispanics were more likely than blacks to redeem vouchers. This one shot voucher program was effective at increasing device ownership, but was not sufficient alone to achieve population saturation of safety devices.