Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The Kinetic Foundations of Non-Local Nonequilibrium Thermodynamics

In this paper we solve the Boltzmann equation for a dilute monatomic gas in terms of an infinite series around the local equilibrium state described by a local Maxwellian distribution function. The coefficients of each term in the expansion, the well known moments introduced by Grad, are identified with the state variables of the gas describing its non local equilibrium states. The resulting equations for these variables are afterwards linearized neglecting all bilinear and higher order terms as well as products of the gradients of the conserved variables times the moments. Also, Boltzmann's equation is transformed into a balance type equation for an entropy density in the standard way. After linearization the resulting equation allows us to derive all original postulates of irreversible thermodynamics as set forth by Onsager in 1931. Such a theory originally conceived to be valid for states in local equilibrium is thus shown to hold true for those states described by the full set of variables. We refer to this states as non local equilibrium states. Other implications on thermodynamics are also discussed including some rather debatable questions that have been raised in extensions of linear irreversible thermodynamics.
Circovirus Hepatitis Infection in Heart-Lung Transplant Patient, France

In March 2022, a 61-year-old woman in France who had received a heart-lung transplant sought treatment with chronic hepatitis mainly characterized by increased liver enzymes. After ruling out common etiologies, we used metagenomic next-generation sequencing to analyze a liver biopsy sample and identified an unknown species of circovirus, tentatively named human circovirus 1 (HCirV-1). We found no other viral or bacterial sequences. HCirV-1 shared 70% amino acid identity with the closest known viral sequences. The viral genome was undetectable in blood samples from 2017–2019, then became detectable at low levels in September 2020 and peaked at very high titers (1010 genome copies/mL) in January 2022. In March 2022, we found >108 genome copies/g or mL in the liver and blood, concomitant with hepatic cytolysis. We detected HCirV-1 transcripts in 2% of hepatocytes, demonstrating viral replication and supporting the role of HCirV-1 in liver damage.
Rapid synaptic and gamma rhythm signature of mouse critical period plasticity

Significance Critical periods are developmental windows of rapid plasticity and remodeling of brain networks, whose trajectories are not yet fully understood. Here, we identify transient γ-oscillations induced by sensory imbalance in the mouse visual cortex as a signature of rapid TC plasticity, only when these windows are open. Using computational modeling, we explain the origin of these transient γ-rhythms and their role in rewiring TC networks to initiate the precritical to critical period transition. These findings offer a robust noninvasive biomarker of open critical period state with which to probe derailed trajectories of brain development.
PREVALENCE OF RANAVIRUS IN SPOTTED SALAMANDER (AMBYSTOMA MACULATUM) LARVAE FROM CREATED VERNAL POOLS IN WEST VIRGINIA, USA

Abstract: Ranavirosis is a disease of high concern for amphibians due to widespread documentation of its lethal and sublethal impacts and its high transmission potential across populations and species. We investigated whether spotted salamander (Ambystoma maculatum) ranavirus prevalence and viral load were associated with habitat characteristics, genetic diversity, corticosterone levels, and body size. In 2015 and 2016, we sampled 34 recently created vernal pools in the Monongahela National Forest, West Virginia, USA. We collected tail clippings from 1,128 spotted salamander larvae and waterborne hormone samples from 436 of those larvae, along with eight environmental characteristics of the pools. Over the 2-yr period, we detected ranavirus in 62% of pools, with prevalence ranging from 0% to 63% (mean, 7.68%). Spotted salamander size was positively correlated with ranavirus presence and viral load; however, we did not find associations between ranavirus prevalence or viral load and habitat characteristics, spotted salamander genetic diversity, relatedness, effective number of breeders, or corticosterone levels. The widespread occurrence of ranavirus in the vernal pools illustrates the potential for rapid natural introduction of the pathogen to created wetlands. Managers could consider monitoring local distributions of ranavirus before creation of new vernal pools to guide strategic placement of the wetlands to minimize occurrence and prevalence of this pathogen.
Fabrication and characterization of ultra-water-repellent alumina–silica composite films

Ultra-water-repellent (UWR) films were prepared by microwave plasma-enhanced chemical vapour deposition using trimethylmethoxysilane and aluminium (III) diisopropoxide ethylacetoacetate (ADE) as raw materials. The film was mainly composed of silica and alumina and was apparently transparent. The film thickness was approximately 500 nm. The sample surface was treated with an organosilane in order to introduce hydrophobic groups. The hydrophobic modification led to a water contact angle of more than 150°, whose value corresponds to the UWR surface. The hardness of film with an optimized Al content was significantly improved compared with that without Al. The maximum hardness was 1.71 GPa. In consequence, we successfully prepared an UWR film in the silica–alumina system.
Effect of thermal treatment on the performance of ZnO based metal-insulator-semiconductor ultraviolet photodetectors

The article reports fabrication, characterization, and testing of the performance of ZnO-based metal-insulator-semiconductor (MIS) Schottky barrier ultraviolet photodetectors under varying thermal treatment. The ZnO thin film was grown on p-type Si ⟨100⟩ substrate by using sol-gel technique. The electrical and optical characteristics of MIS photodetector were studied. The study revealed that the performance of the device improves with increasing postmetal deposition annealing temperature up to 250 °C approximately. For annealing temperature beyond 250 °C the performance of the device degrades drastically. The variation in the electrical and photoresponse properties of MIS photodetector can be attributed to combined effects of interfacial reaction and phase transition during the annealing process.
Endothelial TFEB signaling-mediated autophagic disturbance initiates microglial activation and cognitive dysfunction

ABSTRACT Cognitive impairment caused by systemic chemotherapy is a critical question that perplexes the effective implementation of clinical treatment, but related molecular events are poorly understood. Herein, we show that bortezomib exposure leads to microglia activation and cognitive impairment, this occurs along with decreased nuclear translocation of TFEB (transcription factor EB), which is linked to macroautophagy/autophagy disorder, STAT3 (signal transducer and activator of transcription 3) phosphorylation and IL23A (interleukin 23 subunit alpha) expression. Pharmacological enhancement of TFEB nuclear translocation by digoxin restores lysosomal function and reduces STAT3-dependent endothelial IL23A secretion. As a consequence, we found that brain endothelial-specific ablation of Il23a ameliorated both microglia activation and cognitive dysfunction. Thus, the endothelial TFEB-STAT3-IL23A axis in the brain represents a critical cellular event for initiating bortezomib-mediated aberrant microglial activation and synapse engulfment. Our results suggest the reversal of TFEB nuclear translocation may provide a novel therapeutic approach to prevent symptoms of cognitive dysfunction during clinical use of bortezomib. Abbreviations: AAV: adeno-associated virus; BBB: blood-brain barrier; BTZ: bortezomib; DG: digoxin; DGs: dentate gyrus; DLG4/PSD95: discs large MAGUK scaffold protein 4; HBMECs: human brain microvascular endothelial cells; HP: hippocampus; IL23A: interleukin 23 subunit alpha; MBVECs: mouse brain vascular endothelial cells; mPFC: medial prefrontal cortex; NORT: novel object recognition test; OLT: object location test; PLX5622: 6-fluoro-N-([5-fluoro-2-methoxypyridin-3-yl]methyl)-5-(5-methyl-1H-pyrrolo[2,3-b]pyridin-3- yl)methyl; PPP3/calcineurin: protein phosphatase 3; SBEs: STAT3 binding elements; shRNA: small hairpin RNA; SLC17A7/VGLUT1: solute carrier family 17 member 7; SLC32A1/VGAT: solute carrier family 32 member 1; STAT3: signal transducer and activator of transcription 3, TFEB: transcription factor EB; Ub: ubiquitin.
Sea-swell interaction as a mechanism for the generation of freak waves

The probability of freak waves in an inhomogeneous ocean is studied by integration of Alber’s equation. The special phase structure of the inhomogeneous disturbance, required for instability, is provided by bound waves, generated by the quadratic interaction of the stochastic sea with a deterministic, long swell. The probability of freak waves higher than twice the significant wave height increases by a factor of up to 20 compared to the classical value given by Rayleigh’s distribution. The probability of exceptionally high freak waves, with height larger than three times the significant wave height, is shown to increase some 30 000-fold compared to that given by the Rayleigh distribution, which renders their encounter feasible.
Spiked volleyballs, dribbled basketballs, and kicked footballs: Excitation of the fundamental breathing mode in inflated sport balls

The analyses of the sound from a hand‐struck or ‘‘spiked’’ volleyball, a ‘‘dribbled’’ basketball, and a place‐kicked football show that in each case the fundamental ‘‘breathing’’ vibrational mode is excited in these inflated sport balls. Under regulation conditions the resonant frequency of a volleyball was found to be approximately 150 Hz; a basketball, which is larger but has a higher inflation pressure, was found to have a slightly higher frequency. Due to the shell material these vibrations are quickly damped. The results support the theoretical work [P. M. Morse and H. Feshbach, Methods of Theoretical Physics (McGraw‐Hill, New York, 1953), p. 1469] for a hollow, flexible sphere. It was found that ‘‘good’’ hits strongly excite this mode, ‘‘poor’’ ones do not. Acoustic analysis may be an important tool in determining optimum performance.
LONG-TERM CHANGE AND PREDICTORS OF CHANGE IN PHYSICAL AND MENTAL FUNCTION AFTER REHABILITATION: A MULTI-CENTRE STUDY

Objective To investigate changes and predictors of change in physical and mental function over a 3-year period after rehabilitation. Design Prospective cohort. Participants Patients, across diseases, living in western Norway, accepted for somatic spesialized interprofessional rehabilitation (n = 984). Methods Physical and mental function were assessed at admittance (baseline), and after 1 and 3 years using the Medical Outcome Study Short Form 36 (SF-36). Associations between changes in SF-36 component summary scores and sense of coherence, pain, disease group (musculoskeletal, neoplasm, cardiovascular, neurological, other), exercise habits and demographic variables were analysed using linear mixed modelling. Results In the total group, mean (standard deviation) physical component summary scores improved by 2.9 (8.4) and 3.4 (9.3) points at 1 and 3 years, respectively. Mental component summary scores improved by 2.1 (9.7) and 1.6 (10.8) points. Improvement in physical component summary was significantly greater for patients with higher sense of coherence (b = 0.09, p = 0.001) and for the neoplasm disease group (b = 2.13, p = 0.046). Improvement in mental component summary was significantly greater for patients with low sense of coherence (b = –0.13, p = < 0.001) and higher level of education (b = 3.02, p = 0.0302). Interaction with age (physical component summary: b = 0.22, p = 0.039/mental component summary b = 0.51, p = 0.006) indicated larger effect at 1 year than at 3 years. Conclusion Physical and mental function improved in the total study group over the 3-year period. Sense of coherence at baseline was associated with improved physical and mental function, suggesting that coping resources are important in rehabilitation. LAY ABSTRACT Rehabilitation aims to improve function among people with disabilities. This study investigated how physical and mental function change in a 3-year period after rehabilitation, and the factors related to these changes. In a cohort of 984 rehabilitation patients, physical and mental function were measured before rehabilitation (baseline) and at 1 and 3 years after rehabilitation. Both physical and mental function improved over a period of 3 years, with the greatest improvement from baseline to 1 year. Improved function at 1 year remained relatively stable over time. Participants with higher coping resources at baseline, measured by sense of coherence, had the greatest improvement in physical function, and less improvement in mental function. Participants’ disease group influenced change in physical function. Participants with a higher level of education demonstrated greater improvement in mental function. These results imply that coping resources should be addressed as an important part of rehabilitation.
Spleen tyrosine kinase inhibition restores myeloid homeostasis in COVID-19

Spleen tyrosine kinase (SYK) is a previously unidentified therapeutic target that inhibits neutrophil and macrophage activation in coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). Fostamatinib, a SYK inhibitor, was studied in a phase 2 placebo-controlled randomized clinical trial and was associated with improvements in many secondary end points related to efficacy. Here, we used a multiomic approach to evaluate cellular and soluble immune mediator responses of patients enrolled in this trial. We demonstrated that SYK inhibition was associated with reduced neutrophil activation, increased circulation of mature neutrophils (CD10+CD33−), and decreased circulation of low-density granulocytes and polymorphonuclear myeloid-derived suppressor cells (HLA-DR−CD33+CD11b−). SYK inhibition was also associated with normalization of transcriptional activity in circulating monocytes relative to healthy controls, an increase in frequency of circulating nonclassical and HLA-DRhi classical monocyte populations, and restoration of interferon responses. Together, these data suggest that SYK inhibition may mitigate proinflammatory myeloid cellular and soluble mediator responses thought to contribute to immunopathogenesis of severe COVID-19.
Nanothermometry with Enhanced Sensitivity and Enlarged Working Range Using Diamond Sensors.

ConspectusNanothermometry is increasingly demanded in frontier research in physics, chemistry, materials science and engineering, and biomedicine. An ideal thermometer should have features of reliable temperature interpretation, high sensitivity, fast response, minimum disturbance of the target's temperature, applicability in a variety of environments, and a large working temperature range. For applications in nanosystems, high spatial resolution is also desirable. Such requirements impose great challenges in nanothermometry since the shrinking of the sensor volume usually leads to a reduction in sensitivity.Diamond with nitrogen-vacancy (NV) centers provides opportunities for nanothermometry. NV center spins have sharp resonances due to their superb coherence. NV centers are multimodal sensors. They can directly sense magnetic fields, electric fields, temperature, pressure, and nuclear spins and, through proper transduction, measure other quantities such as the pH and deformation. In particular, their spin resonance frequencies vary with temperature, making them a promising thermometer. The high thermal conductivity, high hardness, chemical stability, and biocompatibility of diamond enable reliable and fast temperature sensing in complex environments ranging from erosive liquids to live systems. Chemical processing of diamond surfaces allows various functionalities such as targeting. The small size and the targeting capability of nanodiamonds then enable site-specific temperature sensing with nanoscale spatial resolution. However, the sensitivity of NV-based nanothermometry is yet to meet the requirement of practical systems with a large gap of a few orders of magnitude. On the other hand, although NV-based quantum sensing works well from 0.3 to 600 K, extending the sensing scheme to high temperature remains challenging due to uncertainty in identifying the exact physical limits and possible solution at elevated temperatures.This Account focuses on our efforts to enhance the temperature sensitivity and widen the working temperature range of diamond-based nanothermometry. We start with explaining the working principle and features of NV-based thermometry with examples of applications. Then a transducer-based concept is introduced with practical schemes to improve the sensitivity of the nanodiamond thermometer. Specifically, we show that the temperature signal can be transduced and amplified by adopting hybrid structures of nanodiamond and magnetic nanoparticles, which results in a record temperature sensitivity of 76 μK/√Hz. We also demonstrate quantum sensing with NV at high temperatures of up to 1000 K by adopting a pulsed heating-cooling scheme to carry out the spin polarization and readout at room temperature and the spin manipulation (sensing) at high temperatures. Finally, unsolved problems and future endeavors of diamond nanothermometry are discussed.
Theoretical and Experimental Studies of the Ultra-Thin-Channel Solar Water Collector

Ultra-thin-channel solar water collector efficiency (UCSWC) was investigated theoretically and experimentally. An ultra-thin-channel solar water collector was constructed using several flat plates with an ultra-thin fluid channel formed using an adjustable flexible silicon frame inserted between the absorber plate and bottom plate. The advantages of the ultra-thin-channel solar water collector are low absorber plate temperature and low total water mass flow rate, resulting in considerable collector efficiency improvement with high outlet fluid temperature and low pump power requirement. A simple and general modeling method was developed to predict the collector efficiencies and mean temperatures of the glass cover, absorber plate and fluid. Good agreement was achieved between the calculated and experimental values. The superior collector efficiencies of the UCSWC are obtained as 82.2% and 75.5% for the inlet temperatures 30°C and 70°C, respectively, operating at a total fluid mass flow 8.3 × 10−3 kg/s and solar radiation incident of 1100 W/m2.
Physical activity during pregnancy and adverse birth outcome: a prospective cohort study in China

Abstract Objectives The relationship between prenatal physical activity (PA) and adverse birth outcomes is still inconclusive. We aimed to investigate the association between PA during pregnancy and adverse birth outcomes by using data from the Guangxi Zhuang birth cohort (GZBC) in China. Study Design A total of 11,292 mother-infant pairs were included from GZBC in China. The information on PA status, intensity, adequacy, and volume and birth outcomes were collected. Multivariable linear and logistic regression models were applied to analyze the effects of PA during pregnancy on birth weight z-scores (BW z-scores) and gestational age and risk of small-for-gestational age (SGA) and preterm birth (PTB), respectively. Cubic spline analysis was conducted to detect a nonlinear dose-response of total weekly activity metabolic equivalents (MET) and birth outcomes. Results Compared to no regular PA during pregnancy, moderate and high-intensity PA (MVPA) was associated with increase BW z-scores (β = 0.08, 95%CI: 0.002, 0.15, p = .044) and associated with a marginal significant decrease in risk of PTB (OR = 0.73, 95%CI: 0.51, 1.05, p = .093). However, PA had no relationship with gestational age and risk of SGA, and Nonlinear relationships were not observed between total weekly activity MET and risk of SGA and PTB. Conclusion These finding shows that PA during pregnancy may increase the BW z-score and reduce risk of PTB, supporting the guidelines that pregnant women should be encouraged to engage in appropriate physical activity during pregnancy in China.
Long-term risk of new-onset arrhythmia in ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction according to revascularization status

Abstract Aims Emerging data show that complete revascularization (CR) reduces cardiovascular death and recurrent myocardial infarction in ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI). However, the influence of revascularization status on development of arrhythmia in the long-term post-STEMI phase is poorly described. We hypothesized that incomplete revascularization (ICR) compared with CR in STEMI is associated with an increased long-term risk of new-onset arrhythmia. Methods and results Patients with STEMI treated with primary percutaneous coronary intervention (PPCI) at Copenhagen University Hospital, Rigshospitalet, Denmark, with CR or ICR were identified via the Eastern Danish Heart registry from 2009 to 2016. Using unique Danish administrative registries, the outcomes were assessed. The primary outcome was new-onset arrhythmia defined as a composite of atrial fibrillation/flutter (AF), sinoatrial block, advanced second- or third-degree atrioventricular block, ventricular tachycardia/fibrillation (VT), or cardiac arrest (CA), with presentation >7 days post-PPCI. Secondary outcomes were the components of the primary outcome and all-cause mortality. A total of 5103 patients (median age: 62.0 years; 76% men) were included, of whom 4009 (79%) and 1094 (21%) patients underwent CR and ICR, respectively. Compared with CR, ICR was associated with a higher risk of new-onset arrhythmia [hazard ratio (HR), 1.33; 95% confidence interval (CI), 1.07–1.66; P = 0.01], AF (HR, 1.29; 95% CI, 1.00–1.66; P = 0.05), a combined outcome of VT and CA (HR, 1.77; 95% CI, 1.10–2.84; P = 0.02) and all-cause mortality (HR, 1.27; 95% CI, 1.05–1.53; P = 0.01). All HRs adjusted. Conclusion Among patients with STEMI, ICR was associated with an increased long-term risk of new-onset arrhythmia and all-cause mortality compared with CR.
Spatial PD‐L1, immune‐cell microenvironment, and genomic copy‐number alteration patterns and drivers of invasive‐disease transition in prospective oral precancer cohort

Studies of the immune landscape led to breakthrough trials of programmed death‐1 (PD‐1) inhibitors for recurrent/metastatic head and neck squamous cell carcinoma therapy. This study investigated the timing, influence of somatic copy‐number alterations (SCNAs), and clinical implications of PD‐L1 and immune‐cell patterns in oral precancer (OPC).