Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Optical Properties of GaAs 2D Archimedean Photonic Lattice Tiling With the p4g Symmetry

In this paper we present our investigation of 2D Archimedean lattice photonic crystals with p4g space group symmetry. The structures are made of GaAs both as air holes and dielectric rods in air. In order to analyze the photonic crystal optical properties we performed calculations of the band structures, equi-frequency contours and electromagnetic propagation through the basic structures and waveguides. In addition, we investigated negative refraction and left-handedness in the p4g photonic crystal.
Subcellular Localization of G‐Protein Alpha Subunits in Adult Rat Islets

The heterotrimeric guanine nucleotide-binding proteins (G-proteins) act as switches that regulate information processing circuits connecting cell-surface receptors to a variety of effectors. G-proteins have been implicated in regulating insulinsecretion by pancreatic p cells. ' Vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP), pituitary adenylate cyclase-activating polypeptide (PACAP), gastric inhibitory peptide (GIP), glucagon and truncated glucagon-like peptide 1 (tGLP,), that are ligands that activate receptors spanning the plasma membrane stimulate insulin secretion by acting through G-proteins.
A Simulation Study on the Efficacy of Advanced Belt Restraints to Mitigate the Effects of Obesity for Rear-Seat Occupant Protection in Frontal Crashes

Objective: Recent field data analyses have shown that the safety advantages of rear seats relative to the front seats have decreased in newer vehicles. Separately, the risks of certain injuries have been found to be higher for obese occupants. The objective of this study is to investigate the effects of advanced belt features on the protection of rear-seat occupants with a range of body mass index (BMI) in frontal crashes. Methods: Whole-body finite element human models with 4 BMI levels (25, 30, 35, and 40 kg/m2) developed previously were used in this study. A total of 52 frontal crash simulations were conducted, including 4 simulations with a standard rear-seat, 3-point belt and 48 simulations with advanced belt features. The parameters varied in the simulations included BMI, load limit, anchor pretensioner, and lap belt routing relative to the pelvis. The injury measurements analyzed in this study included head and hip excursions, normalized chest deflection, and torso angle (defined as the angle between the hip–shoulder line and the vertical direction). Analyses of covariance were used to test the significance (P <.05) of the results. Results: Higher BMI was associated with greater head and hip excursions and larger normalized chest deflection. Higher belt routing increased the hip excursion and torso angle, which indicates a higher submarining risk, whereas the anchor pretensioner reduced hip excursion and torso angle. Lower load limits decreased the normalized chest deflection but increased the head excursion. Normalized chest deflection had a positive correlation with maximum torso angle. Occupants with higher BMI have to use higher load limits to reach head excursions similar to those in lower BMI occupants. Discussion and Conclusion: The simulation results suggest that optimizing load limiter and adding pretensioner(s) can reduce injury risks associated with obesity, but conflicting effects on head and chest injuries were observed. This study demonstrated the feasibility and importance of using human models to investigate protection for occupants with various BMI levels. A seat belt system capable of adapting to occupant size and body shape will improve protection for obese occupants in rear seats.
Making cluster applications energy-aware

Power consumption has become a critical issue in large scale clusters. Existing solutions for addressing the servers' energy consumption suggest "shrinking" the set of active machines, at least until the more power-proportional hardware devices become available. This paper demonstrates that leveraging the sleeping state, however, may lead to unacceptably poor performance and low data availability if the distributed services are not aware of the power management's actions. Therefore, we present an architecture for cluster services in which the deployed services overcome this problem by actively participating in any action taken by the power management. We propose, implement, and evaluate modifications for the Hadoop Distributed File System and the MapReduce clone that make them capable of operating efficiently under limited power budgets.
Impact of V2X privacy strategies on Intersection Collision Avoidance systems

User privacy is a requirement for wireless vehicular communications, and a number of privacy protection strategies have already been developed and standardized. In particular, methods relying on the use of temporary pseudonyms and silent periods have proved their ability to confuse attackers who would attempt to track vehicles. In addition to their ability to protect privacy, it is important to ensure that these privacy strategies do not hinder the safety applications which rely on vehicular communications. This paper addresses this concern and presents an experimental analysis of the impact of privacy strategies on Intersection Collision Avoidance (ICA) systems. We simulate traffic scenarios at a road intersection and compare the ability of a collision avoidance system to avoid collisions for different pseudonym change schemes. The privacy level is analyzed, as well as the influence of the duration of the silent period on the safety performance of the ICA system. The results highlight the need to jointly design safety applications and privacy strategies.
Control the Flow: How to Safely Compose Streaming Services into Business Processes

Although workflow languages are widely used for composing discrete services, these are not suitable for stream based interactions. In this paper we address the problem of how to extend a conventional Web service composition language with the ability to deal with data streaming services. The paper discusses several modeling alternatives and presents a marker based semantics for safely dealing with pipelined processing in service compositions. The paper also presents application examples that illustrate the advantages of the proposed approach
Spectrum breathing and cell load balancing for self organizing wireless networks

In this paper, we develop a self organizing mechanism for spectrum breathing and user association in cellular networks employing fractional frequency reuse. In doing this we specifically focus on flow-level cell load balancing under spatially inhomogeneous traffic distributions. Our work adaptively changes the spectrum bandwidth of each base station (BS) so that spectrums of the BSs breathe in and out to balance the loads of the BSs. Spectrum breathing is further combined with α-optimal user association for better load balancing. Our problem is challenging in the sense that the problem is not necessarily a convex optimization. To tackle the difficulty we decouple spectrum breathing and user association by introducing the concept of reference load, which is independent of the spectrum bandwidth. We propose an iterative algorithm that always converges to a fixed point, which is possibly an optimal solution. We verify that the proposed algorithm achieves the optimality by performing exhaustive search. Our extensive simulations demonstrate that the proposed algorithm significantly improves the system performs: decreasing the delay more than 10 times or increasing the admittable traffic load by more than 125%.
A highly integrated 3D millimeter-wave filter using LTCC system-on-package (SOP) technology for V-band WLAN gigabit wireless systems

In this paper, the development of highly integrated three-dimensional (3D) filter solutions in multilayer low temperature cofired ceramic (LTCC) technologies is presented for millimeter-wave (mmW) compact, low-cost wireless front-end modules utilizing system-on-package (SOP) technology. These stacked-cavity embedded filters demonstrate an excellent performance (IL < 2.37 dB, 3-dB BW /spl sim/ 3.5 % at the center frequency of 57.3 GHz) and great potential for high level of 3D integration potential. The slot-coupled cavity filters have been realized by vertically stacking three identical cavity resonators employing rows of vias as sidewalls, thus representing a new class of devices that enable the 3D integration for V-band WLAN gigabit wireless systems.
Universality of data retrieval languages

We consider the question of how powerful a relational query language should be and state two principles that we feel any query language should satisfy. We show that although relational algebra and relational calculus satisfy these principles, there are certain queries involving least fixed points that cannot be expressed by these languages, yet that also satisfy the principles. We then consider various extensions of relational algebra to enable it to answer such queries. Finally, we discuss our extensions to relational algebra in terms of a new programming language oriented model for queries.
Reduction of acute renal allograft rejection by daclizumab. Daclizumab Double Therapy Study Group.

BACKGROUND Acute rejection is still a major problem in renal transplantation and is one of the most important causes of chronic graft dysfunction and late graft loss. Selective immunosuppression with a humanized antibody against the alpha-chain of the interleukin (IL)-2 receptor (CD25) was evaluated to demonstrate the efficacy of this type of immunoprophylaxis in combination with dual immunosuppression. METHODS We studied the effect of daclizumab, a humanized monoclonal antibody against the alpha-chain of the IL-2 receptor, in a randomized double-blind, prospective phase III clinical trial in 275 patients receiving a first cadaveric renal allograft. Among them 111 (83%) in the placebo arm and 116 (82%) in the daclizumab arm received the full regimen of five doses (1.0 mg/kg) every other week. Baseline immunosuppression consisted of cyclosporine and corticosteroids. RESULTS At 6 months, 39 (28%) of the patients in the daclizumab group had biopsy-proven rejections, as compared with 63 (47%) in the placebo group (P=0.001). The need for additional antilymphocyte therapy, antithymocyte globulin, antilymphocyte globulin (ATG, ALG, OKT3) was also lower in the daclizumab group (8% vs. 16%, P=0.02), and they required significantly lower mean (+/- SD) cumulative doses of prednisone (3750+/-1981 mg vs. 4438+/-2667 mg in the placebo group, P=0.01). Graft function was significantly better (P=0.02) in the daclizumab group (graft function rate: 58 vs. 51 ml/min, mean) as was patient survival (P=0.01, 99% vs. 94%). No specific adverse events were observed in daclizumab-treated patients. Patients receiving daclizumab experienced fewer cytomegalovirus infections (18% vs. 25%), and none died from severe infectious complications, compared to four patients in the placebo arm. No patient in the daclizumab group had a lymphoproliferative disorder or any other form of immunosuppression-related tumor during the first year after transplant. CONCLUSIONS Administration of daclizumab in addition to dual immunosuppression therapy significantly reduced biopsy-proven acute rejection after renal transplantation, improved patient survival, and did not add to the toxicity of the immunosuppressive regimen.
EFFECTS OF DIESEL EXHAUST ON MURINE ALVEOLAR MACROPHAGES AND A MACROPHAGE CELL LINE

To investigatethe effects of diesel exhaust particles (DEP) and mycobacterial infection on macrophages, we examined protein and mRNA expression levels of various cytokines, including tumor necrosis factor- α (TNF- α) , interleukin (IL)-1 β, IL-12, and IL-18 in BALB/c mouse alveolar macrophages (AM) and a macrophagecell line (RAW264.7) after in vitro stimulation with diesel exhaust (DE), with and without Mycobacterium bovis bacillus Calmette-Guerin (BCG). The cells were exposed to DE freshly generated in an in vitro system. When AM were exposed to DE (mean DEP exposure level, 300 μ g/m 3) , the levels of TNF- α and IL-12 decreased significantly (by 51% to 61% for TNF- α and by 69% to 78% for IL-12), whereas those of IL-1 β and IL-18 remained unchanged. When AM were exposed to DE and then treated with BCG, the level of TNF- α decreased by 45% to 71%, whereas the level of IL-1 β increased by 154%, compared with AM treated with BCG alone. Similarly, RAW264.7 cells were stimulated with DE with and without M. bovis BCG and cytokine mRNA levels examined by reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). Longer exposure to DE decreased TNF- α and IL-12 mRNA levels in the RAW264.7 cells. When the cells were exposed to DE and subsequently treated with BCG, levels of TNF- α, IL-1 β, and IL-12 mRNAs decreased compared with those of cells treated with BCG alone. These results show that DE exposure has complex and diverse effects on cytokine production by AM, and that longer exposure (> 8 hours) may suppress cytokine production by AM in vitro. Longer exposure of DE may therefore suppress the host defense in the lung and may increase susceptibility to lung infections such as mycobacterial infection.
Association of carbamazepine major metabolism and transport pathway gene polymorphisms and pharmacokinetics in patients with epilepsy.

AIM The aim of this study was to evaluate the association of genetic variants in the major genes involved in carbamazepine (CBZ) metabolism and transport with its pharmacokinetics in epilepsy patients. MATERIALS & METHODS Twenty-five SNPs within seven CBZ pathway genes, namely CYP3A4, CYP3A5, EPHX1, NR1I2, UGT2B7, ABCB1 and ABCC2, were analyzed for association with CBZ pharmacokinetics in 90 epilepsy patients. RESULTS The CYP3A4*1B SNP was significantly associated with CBZ clearance. Significant association of EPHX1 SNPs was observed with greater carbamazepine-10,11-trans dihydrodiol:carbamazepine 10-11 epoxide ratios. Among drug transporters, ABCB1 and ABCC2 SNPs were significantly associated with altered CBZ clearance. CONCLUSION SNPs within CBZ pathway genes contribute to interpatient variation in CBZ pharmacokinetics and might contribute to pharmacoresistant epilepsy. Although our results need further clinical validation in a larger patient cohort, they indicate that genetic variation in CBZ pathway genes could influence its pharmacokinetics, and hence would have clinical significance.
Importing perceived features into false memories

False memories sometimes contain specific details, such as location or colour, about events that never occurred. Based on the source-monitoring framework, we investigated one process by which false memories acquire details: the reactivation and misattribution of feature information from memories of similar perceived events. In Experiments 1A and 1B, when imagined objects were falsely remembered as seen, participants often reported that the objects had appeared in locations where visually or conceptually similar objects, respectively, had actually appeared. Experiment 2 indicated that colour and shape features of seen objects were misattributed to false memories of imagined objects. Experiment 3 showed that perceived details were misattributed to false memories of objects that had not been explicitly imagined. False memories that imported perceived features, compared to those that presumably did not, were subjectively more like memories for perceived events. Thus, perception may be even more pernicious than imagination in contributing to false memories.
Homocysteine as a risk factor for CVD mortality in men with other CVD risk factors: the Kuopio Ischaemic Heart Disease Risk Factor (KIHD) Study

Objective. Based on case–control and prospective studies elevated blood total homocysteine (tHcy) has been suggested to be an independent risk factor for cardiovascular diseases (CVD). The purpose of the study was to explore the joint effect of increased serum tHcy concentration and other risk factors on the risk of CVD mortality in middle‐aged men without a history of heart disease or stroke.
Evaluation of Extract from Sweet Flag Rhizome for Biological Activity against House Fly

The problem of house fly has become more acute everywhere especially in poultry and piggery farms. They act as potential vector for many viral, bacterial, helminthic and protozoan diseases and as nuisance pests. The control of fly is very much effected by the use of synthetic organic insecticides. These drugs, even though efficacious, can be detrimental to the mankind and environment and also lead to the development of resistance. Hence, in the present study, the larvicidal and adulticidal effect of Vasambu ( Acorus calamus) were evaluated against the housefly. For larvicidal evaluation, the test drug, Vasambu at different concentrations (1 per cent, 2 per cent, 3 per cent and 4 per cent) was sprayed on the dung sample containing 100 number of 3rd instar larvae of house fly. The larvae were observed daily for the development of pupae and subsequent emergence of adult fly. Lowest fly emergence (Highest mortality of larvae) was observed in 4 per cent and 3 per cent treatment groups and they differed highly significantly (P<0.01) with rest of the groups. There is no significant difference between 4 and 3 per cent treated groups and between the 1 per cent, 2 per cent and control groups. For adulticidal effect, Vasambu at different concentrations (2, 4 and 6 per cent) were used as bait (consisting of rice bran, jaggery and Vasambu). Fifty number of house fly pupae were placed in a fly rearing chamber. Immediately after the emergence of the first fly, the Vasambu bait was kept inside the fly rearing chamber and observed daily for the mortality. Highest fly mortality was observed in bait incorporated with 6 per cent concentration and it differed significantly (P<0.05) with control and 2 per cent treated treatment groups. However, there is no significant difference between 6 per cent and 4 per cent treatment groups and between 4 per cent, 2 per cent and control groups.
Scavenger Receptor Class B, Type I, Mediates Selective Uptake of Low Density Lipoprotein Cholesteryl Ester*

Scavenger receptor, class B, type I (SR-BI) is a cell-surface glycoprotein that mediates selective uptake of high density lipoprotein cholesteryl ester (CE) without the concomitant uptake and degradation of the particle. We have investigated the endocytic and selective uptake of low density lipoprotein (LDL)-CE by SR-BI using COS-7 cells transiently transfected with mouse SR-BI. Analysis of lipoprotein uptake data showed a concentration-dependent LDL-CE-selective uptake when doubly labeled LDL particles were incubated with SR-BI-expressing COS-7 cells. In contrast to vector-transfected cells, SR-BI-expressing COS-7 cells showed marked increases in LDL cell association and CE uptake by the selective uptake pathway, but only a modest increase in CE uptake by the endocytic pathway. SR-BI-mediated LDL-CE-selective uptake exceeded LDL endocytic uptake by 50–100-fold. SR-BI-mediated LDL-CE-selective uptake was not inhibited by the proteoglycan synthesis inhibitor,p-nitrophenyl-β-d-xylopyranoside or by the sulfation inhibitor sodium chlorate, indicating that SR-BI-mediated LDL-CE uptake occurs independently of LDL interaction with cell-surface proteoglycan. Analyses with subclones of Y1 adrenocortical cells showed that LDL-CE-selective uptake was proportional to the level of SR-BI expression. Furthermore, antibody directed to the extracellular domain of SR-BI blocked LDL-CE-selective uptake in adrenocortical cells. Thus, in cells that normally express SR-BI and in transfected COS-7 cells SR-BI mediates the efficient uptake of LDL-CE via the selective uptake mechanism. These results suggest that SR-BI may influence the metabolism of apoB-containing lipoproteins in vivo by mediating LDL-CE uptake into SR-BI-expressing cells.
The Neural Basis of Time-Varying Resting-State Functional Connectivity

Dynamic network analysis based on resting-state magnetic resonance imaging (rsMRI) is a fairly new and potentially powerful tool for neuroscience and clinical research. Dynamic analysis can be sensitive to changes that occur in psychiatric or neurologic disorders and can detect variations related to performance on individual trials in healthy subjects. However, the appearance of time-varying connectivity can also arise in signals that share no temporal information, complicating the interpretation of dynamic functional connectivity studies. Researchers have begun utilizing simultaneous imaging and electrophysiological recording to elucidate the neural basis of the networks and their variability in animals and in humans. In this article, we review findings that link changes in electrically recorded brain states to changes in the networks obtained with rsMRI and discuss some of the challenges inherent in interpretation of these studies. The literature suggests that multiple brain processes may contribute to the dynamics observed, and we speculate that it may be possible to separate particular aspects of the rsMRI signal to enhance sensitivity to certain types of neural activity, providing new tools for basic neuroscience and clinical research.
Modeling Mental Models

This paper outlines the Mental Model Algorithm (MMA), a model of spatial reasoning that uses a simple analogical representation in 3-D space to specify the spatial boundaries of prepositions. Based on humans’ performance on undetermined spatial reasoning problems, the MMA predicted preferences in the resolutions of undetermined positions of shapes. Additionally, the MMA is proposed to be a simpler and more scalable algorithm than propositional calculus models in that only a small set of rules are required to build spatial configurations. Introduction Spatial comprehension in discourse can be claimed to require a construction process: A is left of B, B is left of C, that generates inferences such as A is left of C (Graesser, Singer, & Trabasso, 1994). In this construction process an important component consists of constructing mental models that arguably are generated from analog-based representations (Johnson-Laird, 1983; Johnson-Laird & Byrne, 1991). This theory has traditionally been contrasted with context-free propositional calculus (PC) models. The PC models stipulate that humans construct mental propositions by context-free formal rules of inference that apply to explicit assertions and that derive conclusions that are not sensitive to an argument’s content (Hagert, 1985). PC models have formally been applied to the generation of spatial inferences but fail to make predictions of human spatial reasoning that are compatible with mental models (Byrne & Johnson-Laird, 1989). Nevertheless a formal algorithm for mental models needs to be specified to advance theory development and experimentation on mental models. In creating such an algorithm, it is assumed that mental models are neither proposition lists nor detailed images, but a hybrid of symbolic representations that get instantiated in a formalized coordinate space (Johnson-Laird, 1983), much like Barsalous’s (1999) perceptual symbol system. This distinction could be seen as a formalization of the “what” and “where” system of Landau and Jackendoff (1993). The “what” system handles object meaning and the “where” system handles the spatial orientations of objects in space. The purpose of this paper is to show how a simple coordinate system can generate inferences about where objects are located on a wide variety of spatial reasoning problems without extensive rules. Mental models and Propositional calculus Byrne and Johnson-Laird (1989) gave evidence that mental models predict difficulty for certain spatial reasoning problems. Consider problem 1. A is to the left of B. C is to the left of B. D is below B. E is below C. What is the relationship between D and E? In this problem two mental models can be constructed: