Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Global Lung Oncology Branch trial 3 (GLOB3): final results of a randomised multinational phase III study alternating oral and i.v. vinorelbine plus cisplatin versus docetaxel plus cisplatin as first-line treatment of advanced non-small-cell lung cancer.

BACKGROUND The study compared the efficacy of a first-line treatment with day 1 i.v. vinorelbine (NVBiv) and day 8 oral vinorelbine (NVBo) versus docetaxel (DCT) in a cisplatin-based combination in advanced non-small-cell lung cancer, in terms of time to treatment failure (TTF), overall response, progression-free survival (PFS), overall survival (OS), tolerance and quality of life (QoL). METHODS Patients were randomly assigned to receive cisplatin 80 mg/m2 with NVBiv 30 mg/m2 on day 1 and NVBo 80 mg/m2 on day 8 every 3 weeks, after a first cycle of NVBiv 25 mg/m2 on day 1 and NVBo 60 mg/m2 on day 8 (arm A) or cisplatin 75 mg/m2 and DCT 75 mg/m2 on day 1 every 3 weeks (arm B), for a maximum of six cycles in both arms. RESULTS From 2 February 2004 to 1 January 2006, 390 patients were entered in a randomised study and 381 were treated. The patient characteristics are as follows (arms A/B): metastatic (%) 80.5/84.8; patients with three or more organs involved (%) 45.3/40.8; median age 59.4/62.1 years; male 139/146; squamous (%) 34.2/33.5; adenocarcinoma (%) 41.6/39.3; median TTF (arms A/B in months) [95% confidence interval (CI)]: 3.2 (3.0-4.2), 4.1 (3.4-4.5) (P = 0.19); overall response (arms A/B) (95% CI): 27.4% (21.2% to 34.2%), 27.2% (21.0% to 34.2%); median PFS (arms A/B in months) (95% CI): 4.9 (4.4-5.9), 5.1 (4.3-6.1) (P = 0.99) and median OS (arms A/B in months) (95% CI): 9.9 (8.4-11.6), 9.8 (8.8-11.5) (P = 0.58). The median survival for squamous histology was 8.87/9.82 months and for adenocarcinoma 11.73/11.60 months for arms A and B, respectively. Main haematological toxicity was grade 3-4 neutropenia: 24.4% (arm A) and 28.8% (arm B). QoL as measured by the Lung Cancer Symptom Scale was similar in both arms. CONCLUSIONS Both arms provided similar efficacy in terms of response, time-related parameters and QoL, with an acceptable tolerance profile. In the current Global Lung Oncology Branch trial 3, NVBo was shown to be effective as a substitute for the i.v. formulation. This can relieve the burden of the i.v. injection on day 8 and can optimise the hospital's resources and improve patient convenience.
The strength of uncoated and coated ultra-thin flexible glass under cyclic load

Ultra-thin flexible glass with thicknesses of 100 µm or below is a substrate in the fields of optics, electronics, and semiconductors. Its brittleness is challenging in production processes like physical vapor deposition processes, especially in roll-to-roll production. In many cases, multiple geometric deformations take place and each step, like coating or cutting, influences the glass strength. By now, the relation between the strength of ultra-thin glass under quasi-static conditions and its strength under cyclic load has not been studied. Moreover, the effect of coatings has not been investigated. Both aspects are crucial to design reliable production processes. Therefore, the strength of ultra-thin glass under cyclic load was studied for uncoated and coated substrates. Two coating types were investigated: a single indium tin oxide film and a seven-layer antireflective layer stack. The coatings significantly influence the strength of the underlying glass in both test modes. The barrier properties, thin film stress, and the morphology/crystalline structure are identified as the major characteristics influencing the strength.
An assessment of beliefs about mental health care among veterans who served in Iraq.

OBJECTIVE This study assessed beliefs about mental health treatment in a group of soldiers newly returning from the war in Iraq. METHODS Participants were 20 National Guard soldiers who had served in Operation Iraqi Freedom. Soldiers who in phone interviews screened positive for a mental disorder were asked about advantages and disadvantages of seeking treatment, who would or would not support treatment seeking, and facilitators and barriers to treatment seeking. RESULTS Stigma was portrayed as a major disadvantage to treatment seeking. Yet most participants indicated that people would be supportive of treatment seeking. Reducing symptoms was a major advantage of care. Barriers, especially those viewed as "self-induced," such as pride, not being able to ask for help, and not being able to admit to having a problem, were considered major impediments. CONCLUSIONS The findings suggest that interventions developed to engage veterans in care must be directed toward cognitive factors that motivate treatment seeking.
Evaluating Machine Translation Quality Using Short Segments Annotations

Abstract We propose a manual evaluation method for machine translation (MT), in which annotators rank only translations of short segments instead of whole sentences. This results in an easier and more efficient annotation. We have conducted an annotation experiment and evaluated a set of MT systems using this method. The obtained results are very close to the official WMT14 evaluation results. We also use the collected database of annotations to automatically evaluate new, unseen systems and to tune parameters of a statistical machine translation system. The evaluation of unseen systems, however, does not work and we analyze the reasons
Temporal and Object Relations in Plan and Activity Recognition for Robots Using Topic Models

Plan recognition (PR) and activity recognition (AR) systems are essential for effective human-robot interaction (HRI) since the robot needs to predict what other agents in the environment are doing (Lösch et al. 2007). Even when robots are designed to perform simple tasks such as lending an object to a person (Levine and Williams 2014), they cannot follow simple time-stamped commands. There is often considerable uncertainty about the way in which people operate and the duration of time they need to complete each action. Consequently, a robot that needs to perform complementary actions must be able to observe and understand what the person is doing, and the AR process must be executed in real time in order to respond to the current situation in a timely manner. Topic models such as Latent Dirichlet Allocation (LDA) (Blei, Ng, and Jordan 2003) have been used for this purpose (Sung et al. 2012; Zhang and Parker 2011). The goal of this work is twofold. First, we explore a new way of representing RGB-D sensor readings for use with LDA as an integration of both a PR and AR system. We follow this with a proposition of extensions of LDA that take temporal and/or object relational information into account during the recognition process.
Central Java Teachers’ Perspective on Science, Technology, Engineering and Mathematics (STEM) Learning

The purpose of this study is to investigate central java teachers’ perspective about STEM. Science, technology, engineering and mathematics or STEM recently has been becoming the most discussed in education practice. Integrating engineering and technology with science and mathematics will help teachers to deliver material using real world problem. Using project based learning to solve the problem can enhance students’ interest, collaboration, discipline, critical and creative thinking skills. In fact, survey research showed that 35 of 72 teachers in central java do not know about STEM and teachers that have implemented STEM in the class have difficulties while teaching it. The highest hurdles teachers met was time allocation. Indonesian curriculum has a lot of materials that should have delivered in a limited time makes teachers hard to implement STEM in the learning process. Followed by teachers’ difficulties to integrate between science, technology, engineering and math because there is no curriculum materials to guide them and other difficulties are school infrastructure, students motivation, and lack of preparation. Time allocation, school infrastructures, STEM integration, and preparation are the most hurdles that teacher met in the class.
Towards Detecting Open Spina Bifida in the First Trimester: The Examination of the Posterior Brain

Introduction: Our aim was to examine the value of indirect signs of open spina bifida in the mid-sagittal view of the posterior brain at the 11-13 weeks' ultrasound examination and to summarize the current evidence for the first-trimester diagnosis of spina bifida. Methods: This was a prospective study in routine obstetric population. The presence of four almost parallel lines (four-line view) in the posterior brain was recorded. Biparietal diameter (BPD), intracranial translucency (IT) and cisterna magna (CM) were measured. The ratio of IT to CM (R ratio) was calculated. Results: 2,491 pregnancies were examined prospectively. Updated reference ranges for IT and CM were constructed. There were 3 cases with open spina bifida, and the four-line view was abnormal in 2 of them. The abnormal fetuses had smaller BPD as well as pronounced reduction in the CM and increase in the R ratio. Discussion: Examination of the posterior brain was feasible in all fetuses in the setting of the routine 11-13 weeks' ultrasound examination. Indirect signs of spina bifida are visible in the mid-sagittal view of the posterior brain, and the assessment of these structures can be a reliable tool in the early identification of this abnormality.
Deep kernel map networks for image annotation

Deep multiple kernel learning is a powerful technique that selects and deeply combines multiple elementary kernels in order to provide the best performance on a given classification task. This technique, particularly effective, becomes intractable when handling large scale datasets; indeed, multiple nonlinear kernel combinations are time and memory demanding. , In this paper, we propose a new framework that significantly reduces the complexity of deep multiple kernels. Given a deep kernel network (DKN), our method designs its equivalent deep map network (DMN), using multi-layer explicit maps that approximate the initial DKN with a high precision. When combined with support vector machines, the design of DMN preserves high classification accuracy compared to its underlying DKN while being (at least) an order of magnitude faster. Experiments conducted on the challenging Im-ageCLEF2013 annotation benchmark, show that the proposed DMN is indeed effective and highly efficient.
Discriminating between natural versus induced seismicity from long-term deformation history of intraplate faults

Long-term fault slip history can diagnose natural versus induced earthquakes, independent of correlations with fluid injection. To assess whether recent seismicity is induced by human activity or is of natural origin, we analyze fault displacements on high-resolution seismic reflection profiles for two regions in the central United States (CUS): the Fort Worth Basin (FWB) of Texas and the northern Mississippi embayment (NME). Since 2009, earthquake activity in the CUS has increased markedly, and numerous publications suggest that this increase is primarily due to induced earthquakes caused by deep-well injection of wastewater, both flowback water from hydrofracturing operations and produced water accompanying hydrocarbon production. Alternatively, some argue that these earthquakes are natural and that the seismicity increase is a normal variation that occurs over millions of years. Our analysis shows that within the NME, faults deform both Quaternary alluvium and underlying sediments dating from Paleozoic through Tertiary, with displacement increasing with geologic unit age, documenting a long history of natural activity. In the FWB, a region of ongoing wastewater injection, basement faults show deformation of the Proterozoic and Paleozoic units, but little or no deformation of younger strata. Specifically, vertical displacements in the post-Pennsylvanian formations, if any, are below the resolution (~15 m) of the seismic data, far less than expected had these faults accumulated deformation over millions of years. Our results support the assertion that recent FWB earthquakes are of induced origin; this conclusion is entirely independent of analyses correlating seismicity and wastewater injection practices. To our knowledge, this is the first study to discriminate natural and induced seismicity using classical structural geology analysis techniques.
A Generalized QSQR Evaluation Method for Horn Knowledge Bases

We generalize the QSQR evaluation method to give the first set-oriented depth-first evaluation method for Horn knowledge bases. The resulting procedure closely simulates SLD-resolution (to take advantages of the goal-directed approach) and highly exploits set-at-a-time tabling. Our generalized QSQR evaluation procedure is sound and complete. It does not use adornments and annotations. To deal with function symbols, our procedure uses iterative deepening search, which iteratively increases term-depth bound for atoms and substitutions occurring in the computation. When the term-depth bound is fixed, our evaluation procedure runs in polynomial time in the size of extensional relations.
Real-time out-of-core trimmed NURBS rendering and editing

For rendering purposes trimmed NURBS surfaces have to be converted into a polygonal representation. In order to fulfill the high quality visualization demands posed by various design and quality control applications, current NURBS rendering methods require a careful preparation of the converted models which often needs manual user intervention. This preprocessing step prevents the user from interactively modifying, removing or adding surfaces during a visualization session. In this paper we present a high quality, out-ofcore trimmed NURBS rendering algorithm that supports both an automatic preprocessing of gigabyte sized models and a real-time rendering of the preprocessed models allowing for the seamless integration of interactive editing of the NURBS surfaces. Additional advantages of our method are the conservative error bounds both for the geometry and the shading, making it suitable even for quality control applications.
ASR satisficing: the effects of ASR accuracy on speech retrieval

We examine how differences in the accuracy of Automatic Speech Recognition transcripts affect users’ ability to use these in tasks requiring the retrieval of speech “documents”. We compare performance measures, processing strategies, and preference data for subjects using transcripts and speech data to perform a series of relevance judgment and summary tasks on transcripts with different levels of accuracy. Results show effects for transcript quality on solution accuracy, time to solution, amount of speech played for the task, likelihood of subjects abandoning use of a transcript, and subject perceptions of task difficulty, transcript utility, readability, and comprehensibility.
Nutrient Intake according to Weight Gain during Pregnancy, Job Status, and Household Income

The objective of this study was to investigate the association of nutrient intake and pregnancy outcome mediated by weight gain during pregnancy, job status, and household income. Maternal age, educational level, self-reported pre-pregnancy weights, educational level, and household income were collected from the women at 2 months postpartum. For each offspring, weight at birth, length at birth, and gestational age were collected. Participants were asked to report the frequency of consumption of foods between 28–42 weeks into the pregnancy. Diet was assessed by using a validated 106-item semi-quantitative food-frequency questionnaire (SQFFQ) and women were asked portions and quantities based on pictures, food models, and measuring tools such as cups or teaspoons. Results showed that women who gained below the recommended weight gain during pregnancy, within, and over were 25.3%, 38.7%, 36.0%, respectively. In comparison to weight gain and the offspring's length and weight at birth, the offspring of mothers with a lower weight gain had a higher length. Energy, protein, vitamin B2, vitamin C, calcium, and potassium were significantly lower at employed group. We did not observe a significant difference between birth characteristics and maternal nutrient intake by income. Infants with a higher ponderal index at birth were born to women with a higher pre-pregnancy body mass index (BMI).
Control Plane Latency With SDN Network Hypervisors: The Cost of Virtualization

Software defined networking (SDN) network hypervisors provide the functionalities needed for virtualizing software-defined networks. Hypervisors sit logically between the multiple virtual SDN networks (vSDNs), which reside on the underlying physical SDN network infrastructure, and the corresponding tenant (vSDN) controllers. Different SDN network hypervisor architectures have mainly been explored through proof-of-concept implementations. We fundamentally advance SDN network hypervisor research by conducting a model-based analysis of SDN hypervisor architectures. Specifically, we introduce mixed integer programming formulations for four different SDN network hypervisor architectures. Our model formulations can also optimize the placement of multi-controller switches in virtualized OpenFlow-enabled SDN networks. We employ our models to quantitatively examine the optimal placement of the hypervisor instances. We compare the control plane latencies of the different SDN hypervisor architectures and quantify the cost of virtualization, i.e., the latency overhead due to virtualizing SDN networks via hypervisors. For generalization, we quantify how the hypervisor architectures behave for different network topologies. Our model formulations and the insights drawn from our evaluations inform network operators about the trade-offs of the different hypervisor architectures and help choosing an architecture according to operator demands.
Pep1, a Secreted Effector Protein of Ustilago maydis, Is Required for Successful Invasion of Plant Cells

The basidiomycete Ustilago maydis causes smut disease in maize. Colonization of the host plant is initiated by direct penetration of cuticle and cell wall of maize epidermis cells. The invading hyphae are surrounded by the plant plasma membrane and proliferate within the plant tissue. We identified a novel secreted protein, termed Pep1, that is essential for penetration. Disruption mutants of pep1 are not affected in saprophytic growth and develop normal infection structures. However, Δpep1 mutants arrest during penetration of the epidermal cell and elicit a strong plant defense response. Using Affymetrix maize arrays, we identified 116 plant genes which are differentially regulated in Δpep1 compared to wild type infections. Most of these genes are related to plant defense. By in vivo immunolocalization, live-cell imaging and plasmolysis approaches, we detected Pep1 in the apoplastic space as well as its accumulation at sites of cell-to-cell passages. Site-directed mutagenesis identified two of the four cysteine residues in Pep1 as essential for function, suggesting that the formation of disulfide bridges is crucial for proper protein folding. The barley covered smut fungus Ustilago hordei contains an ortholog of pep1 which is needed for penetration of barley and which is able to complement the U. maydis Δpep1 mutant. Based on these results, we conclude that Pep1 has a conserved function essential for establishing compatibility that is not restricted to the U. maydis / maize interaction.
Erythrocyte Aging: A More than Superficial Resemblance to Apoptosis?

In physiological circumstances, erythrocyte aging leads to binding of autologous IgG followed by recognition and removal through phagocytosis, mainly by Kupffer cells in the liver. This process is triggered by the appearance of a senescent erythrocyte-specific antigen. The functional and structural characteristics of senescent erythrocytes strongly suggest that this antigen originates on band 3, probably by calcium-induced proteolysis. Generation of vesicles enriched in denatured hemoglobin is an integral part of the erythrocyte aging process. These versicles are also removed by Kupffer cells, with a major role for exposure of phosphatidylserine. Moreover, senescent erythrocyte-specific antigens are present on vesicles. Thus, vesicles and senescent erythrocytes may be recognized and removed through the same signals. These and other, recent data support the theory that erythrocyte aging is a form of apoptosis that is concentrated in the cell membrane, and provide the context for future studies on initation and regulation of the erythrocyte aging process. Insight into the normal aging mechanism is essential for understanding the fate of erythrocytes in pathological circumstances and the survival of donor erythrocytes after transfusion.
Effect of Ocular Hypotony Secondary to Cyclodialysis Cleft on Corneal Topography

Purpose: To report the changes in corneal topography in 2 cases of ocular hypotony induced by cyclodialysis cleft after blunt trauma, which were successfully treated by argon laser photocoagulation. Methods: For both patients, a full ophthalmic clinical examination and corneal topography were performed before and after argon laser cleft closure. Results: In the first case, the corneal topography showed 3.81-D astigmatism at 96°, which was reduced to 1.1 D at 124° 1 week after treatment and 0.66 D at 122° at 3 weeks after treatment. In the second case, the corneal astigmatism was 3.91 D at 104°, which decreased to 1.44 D at 104° and 0.35 D at 118° at 1 week and 4 months after treatment, respectively. Conclusions: In both cases, the with-the-rule astigmatism reduced significantly after successful closure of the cleft and an increase in intraocular pressure.
Recruitment of plasma membrane voltage‐dependent calcium‐permeable channels in carrot cells.

Numerous biological assays and pharmacological studies have led to the suggestion that depolarization‐activated plasma membrane Ca2+ channels play prominent roles in signal perception and transduction processes during growth and development of higher plants. The recent application of patch‐clamp techniques to isolated carrot protoplasts has led to direct voltage‐clamp evidence for the existence of Ca2+ channels activated by physiological depolarizations in the plasma membrane of higher plant cells. However, these voltage‐dependent Ca2+ channels were not stable and their activities decreased following the establishment of whole‐cell recordings. We show here that large pre‐depolarizing pulses positive to 0 mV induced not only the recovery of Ca2+ channel activities, but also the activation of initially quiescent voltage‐dependent Ca2+ channels in the plasma membrane (recruitment). This recruitment was dependent on the intensity and duration of membrane depolarizations, i.e. the higher and longer the pre‐depolarization, the greater the recruitment. Pre‐depolarizing pulses to +118 mV during 30 s increased the initial calcium currents 5‐ to 10‐fold. The recruited channels were permeable to Ba2+ and Sr2+ ions. The data suggested that voltage‐dependent Ca(2+)‐permeable channels are regulated by biological mechanisms which might be induced by large pre‐depolarizations of the plasma membrane. In addition, this study provides evidence for the existence in the plasma membrane of higher plant cells of a large number of voltage‐dependent Ca2+ channels of which a major part are inactive and quiescent. It is suggested that quiescent Ca2+ channels can be rapidly recruited for Ca(2+)‐dependent signal transduction.