Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Executive function profiles of preschool children with autism spectrum disorder and attention‐deficit/hyperactivity disorder: A systematic review

Abstract Background Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) and Attention‐Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) are both associated with differences in Executive Functioning (EF). There is lack of clarity around the specificity or overlap of EF differences in early childhood when both disorders are first emerging. Method This systematic review aims to delineate preschool EF profiles by examining studies comparing the EF profiles of children with and without ASD or ADHD. Five electronic databases were systematically searched (last search in May 2022) to identify published, quantitative studies of global and specific EF (Inhibition, Shifting, Working Memory (WM), Planning and Attentional Control), comparing children aged 2‐6 with a diagnosis of ASD or ADHD to peers without ASD or ADHD. Results Thirty‐one empirical studies (10 ADHD and 21 ASD studies) met criteria for inclusion. EF profiles in preschool ASD were characterised by consistent Shifting, and, in most cases, Inhibition impairments. ADHD studies consistently reported impairments in Inhibition and Planning, and in most cases WM. Findings with regards to sustained Attention and Shifting in ADHD and WM and Planning in ASD were mixed. Conclusions Overall, current evidence indicates overlap but also some specificity in EF impairments in preschool ASD and ADHD. There were differences in the degree to which individual domains were impaired, with Shifting more consistently impaired in ASD, and Inhibition, WM and Planning in ADHD. Methodological issues and differences in methods of outcome measurement could potentially underlie mixed findings, as informant‐based measures revealed more robust EF impairments than laboratory‐based tasks.
On shell membranes of Enneper type: generalized Dupin cyclides

It is demonstrated that a class of generalized Dupin cyclides arises naturally out of a classical system of equilibrium equations for shell membranes. This class consists of all families of parallel canal surfaces on which the lines of curvature are planar. Various examples of viable membrane geometries such as particular L-minimal surfaces are presented.
Occurrence patterns of F layer patches over the north magnetic pole

An analysis of some 523 F layer patches observed over Eureka, Northwest Territories, Canada (89° corrected geomagnetic latitude) during the four winters from 1990–1991 to 1993–1994 has given some definitive results on their occurrence patterns and characteristics. They are observed on average about 25% of the time and are seen at all hours of the day but with more present in the local evening hours than the morning hours. For the 182 patches for which interplanetary magnetic field data were available, 143 of the patches occurred with Bz negative and 39 with Bz positive. In most of the latter cases, Bz was either near zero or had changed to positive only 30–120 min prior to the patch observation. The average optical emission intensity of the patches over the 4-year period was 150 R of 630 nm and 55 R of 558 nm. The excitation is by dissociation recombination of the oxygen ion with a branching ratio O[1S]/O[1D] of 0.37. They were on average less bright during the midnight hours (by about 50 R) than through the midday, a fact perhaps due to the offset of the Eureka station from the magnetic pole. The average patch intensity has decreased from 190 R in 1990–1991 to 120 R in 1993–1994 as solar activity has declined. While patch sizes in the dawn-dusk direction varied up to >2000 km, the average cross-sectional dimension was 500–600 km.
Error analysis for reducing noisy wide‐gap concentric cylinder rheometric data for nonlinear fluids: Theory and applications

This work discusses the propagation of errors for the recovery of the shear rate from wide‐gap concentric cylinder viscometric measurements of non‐Newtonian fluids. A least‐square regression of stress on angular velocity data to a system of arbitrary functions is used to propagate the errors for the series solution to the viscometric flow developed by Krieger and Elrod and Pawlowski, and for the first term of the series developed by Krieger (‘‘power‐law’’ approximation). A numerical experiment shows that, for measurements affected by significant errors, the first term of the Krieger–Elrod–Pawlowski series (‘‘infinite radius’’ approximation) and the power‐law approximation may recover the shear rate with equal accuracy as the full Krieger–Elrod–Pawlowski solution. An experiment on a clay slurry indicates that the clay has a larger yield stress at rest then during shearing, and that, for the range of shear rates investigated, a four‐parameter constitutive equation approximates reasonably well its rheology.
Software-Defined Event-Triggering Control for Large-Scale Networked Systems Subject to Stochastic Cyberattacks

In large-scale networked control systems (NCSs), an important issue is how to guarantee the system performance under the limited network bandwidth and stochastic cyberattacks. Centralized event-triggering mechanisms (ETMs) are now regarded as a desirable solution to ease the bandwidth pressure, but the application in large-scale NCSs is constrained by overall management complexity. In this article, we will first propose a software-defined centralized ETM to cost-efficiently conduct an event-triggering decision based on global system states to ensure system transmission performance. Then, by taking deception attacks, which can hardly be detected and pose serious threats to NCSs into account, we study a secure control problem over a large-scale NCS with the presented centralized ETM. The considered deception attacks compromise controller-to-actuator channels, and the specific behaviors of the attacks on different channels are depicted by different Bernoulli processes. To solve the problem, a formal model of the envisioned large-scale system is established, the sufficient conditions that achieve the uniformly ultimately bounded stability of the formulated system are analyzed, and then the controller gains are designed accordingly. The effectiveness of the proposed approach is finally validated by an illustrative example.
The Effect of Clozapine and Novel Glutamate Modulator JNJ-46356479 on Nitrosative Stress in a Postnatal Murine Ketamine Model of Schizophrenia

Schizophrenia (SZ) is a heterogeneous mental disorder, affecting ~1% of the worldwide population. One of the main pathophysiological theories of SZ is the imbalance of excitatory glutamatergic pyramidal neurons and inhibitory GABAergic interneurons, involving N-methyl-D-aspartate receptors (NMDAr). This may lead to local glutamate storms coupled with excessive dendritic pruning and subsequent cellular stress, including nitrosative stress, during a critical period of neurodevelopment, such as adolescence. Nitrosative stress is mediated by nitric oxide (NO), which is released by NO synthases (NOS) and has emerged as a key signaling molecule implicated in SZ. Regarding glutamatergic models of SZ, the administration of NMDAr antagonists has been found to increase NOS levels in the prefrontal cortex (PFC) and ventral hippocampus (HPC). We hypothesized that suboptimal NOS function in adolescence could be a target for early treatments, including clozapine (CLZ) and the novel metabotropic glutamate receptor modulator JNJ-46356479 (JNJ). We analyzed the protein levels of NOS isoforms in adult PFC and HPC of a postnatal ketamine induced murine model of SZ receiving CLZ or JNJ during adolescence by western blot. Endothelial NOS and neuronal NOS increased under ketamine administration in PFC and decreased in CLZ or JNJ treatments. The same trends were found in the HPC in neuronal NOS. In contrast, inducible NOS was increased under JNJ treatment with respect to ketamine induction in the HPC, and the same trends were found in the PFC. Taken together, our findings suggest a misbalance of the NOS system following NMDAr antagonist administration, which was then modulated under early CLZ and JNJ treatments.
Unique or not unique? Comparative genetic analysis of bacterial O-antigens from the Oxalobacteraceae family

Many plants and animals have symbiotic relationships with microorganisms, including bacteria. The interactions between bacteria and their hosts result in different outcomes for the host organism. The outcome can be neutral, harmful or have beneficial effects for participants. Remarkably, these relationships are not static, as they change throughout an organism’s lifetime and on an evolutionary scale. One of the structures responsible for relationships in bacteria is O-antigen. Depending on the characteristics of its components, the bacteria can avoid the host’s immune response or establish a mutualistic relationship with it. O-antigen is a key component in Gram-negative bacteria’s outer membrane. This component facilitates interaction between the bacteria and host immune system or phages. The variability of the physical structure is caused by the genomic variability of genes encoding O-antigen synthesis components. The genes and pathways of O-polysaccharide (OPS) synthesis were intensively investigated mostly for Enterobacteriaceae species. Considering high genetic and molecular diversity of this structure even between strains, these findings may not have caught the entire variety possibly presented in non-model species. The current study presents a comparative analysis of genes associated with O-antigen synthesis in bacteria of the Oxalobacteraceae family. In contrast to existing studies based on PCR methods, we use a bioinformatics approach and compare O- antigens at the level of clusters rather than individual genes. We found that the O-antigen genes of these bacteria are represented by several clusters located at a distance from each other. The greatest similarity of the clusters is observed within individual bacterial genera, which is explained by the high variability of O-antigens. The study describes similarities of OPS genes inherent to the family as a whole and also considers individual unique cases of O-antigen genetic variability inherent to individual bacteria
On the existence of a symplectic desingularization of some moduli spaces of sheaves on a K3 surface

Let Mc be the moduli space of semistable torsion-free sheaves of rank 2 with Chern classes c1 = 0 and c2 = c over a K3 surface with generic polarization. When $c=2n\ge 4$ is even, Mc is a singular projective variety which admits a symplectic form, called the Mukai form, on the smooth part. A natural question raised by O'Grady asks if there exists a desingularization on which the Mukai form extends everywhere nondegenerately. In this paper we show that such a desingularization does not exist for many even integers c by computing the stringy Euler numbers.
An Enhanced High Q-Factor Resonance of Quasi-Bound States in the Continuum With All-Dielectric Metasurface Based on Multilayer Film Structures

Confinement of light is very important to the field of optics, and it is theoretically possible to achieve the perfect confinement for optical modes located in the continuous domain radiation state. Achieving perfect confinement is possible for bound states in the continuum (BIC), which localize waves that lie in the continuous spectrum of the radiative state and remain in a perfect localized state. In this article, we propose a metasurface that consists of arrays of silicon nanoellipsoidal pairs and calculate its transmission spectra and energy bands. Based on an all-dielectric metasurface, a dielectric multilayer film is incorporated to improve the quality factor of the array composed of ellipsoidal table pairs by an order of magnitude. By breaking the symmetry of ellipsoidal table pairs, quasi-BIC resonance modes excited by electric quadrupole (EQ) and magnetic dipoles (MDs) are realized using asymmetric silicon nanoellipsoid surfaces, where the quasi-BIC modes have high ${Q}$ -factors. In this article, the relationship between the structural asymmetry of Fano resonance controlled by symmetry-protect BICs and the radiation ${Q}$ -factor is analyzed and demonstrated theoretically. At the same time, we use quasi-BIC resonances in asymmetric silicon nanoellipsoidal pairs of metasurfaces to achieve a huge Goos–Hänchen (GH) shift enhancement, which exceeds the third-order wavelength and a very large group index to achieve excellent slow-light effects. Our work is centered on the design of simulations for the BIC metasurface. Meanwhile, based on the simulation design results, we propose to advance the application of optical communication devices, BIC sensing, optical switches, and optical modulators.
Root cause determination of on-orbit degradation of the VIIRS rotating telescope assembly

The Visible Infrared Imaging Radiometer Suite (VIIRS) is a sensor onboard the recently launched Suomi NPP spacecraft. Shortly after launch, VIIRS was found to exhibit a pronounced decrease in the optical throughput of several bands, with the near-infrared bands being more affected than those in the visible. The anomaly investigation team performed several experiments that concluded the primary source of degradation was throughput loss in the VIIRS rotating telescope assembly, likely caused by ultraviolet light illumination. This paper will discuss the laboratory investigation that determined the root cause of the telescope degradation to be UV photo-darkening of a tungsten oxide contaminant film that had been inadvertently deposited during the mirror manufacturing process. We will present data from experiments conducted on witness mirrors manufactured along with the telescope, as well as other mirrors of the same type that were not contaminated.
Effect of low nitrogen concentrations on the electronic properties of InAs1-xNx.

We report cyclotron resonance (CR), transverse magnetoresistance (MR), and Hall effect studies of a series of n-type InAs1−xNx epilayers grown on GaAs with x up to 1%. The well-resolved CR absorption lines, the classical linear MR, Shubnikov–de Haas magneto-oscillations, and negative MR revealed in our experiments provide a means of probing the effect of the N atoms on the electronic properties of this alloy system and reveal qualitative differences compared to the case of the wider gap III-N-V compounds, such as GaAs1−xNx. In GaAs1−xNx electron localization by N levels that are resonant with the extended band states of the host crystal act to degrade the electrical conductivity at small x (∼0.1%). These phenomena are significantly weaker in InAs1−xNx due to the smaller energy gap and higher energy of the N levels relative to the conduction band minimum. In InAs1−xNx the electrical conductivity retains the characteristic features of transport through extended states, with electron coherence lengths (lφ∼100 nm at 2 K) and electron mobilities (μ=6×103 cm2 V−1 s−1 at 300 K) that remain relatively large even at x=1%.
An Approximate Analytical Model of the Vapor Deposition and Aggregation Growth of Snowflakes

Abstract It is well known that snowflakes tend to distribute exponentially with respect to their melted diameter. This fact is used to formulate an approximate analytical model of the deposition and aggregation growth of snow in stratiform clouds. The model predicts the height evolution in a steady-state, vertically heterogeneous cloud of the slope and intercept parameters, N(h) and λ (h), of the size distribution of snowflakes which is assumed to be given by n(D,h)=N(h) exp[−λ(h)D], where h is the height in the cloud and D the snowflake diameter. Solutions for N(t) and λ(t) for a time-dependent spatially homogeneous cloud are also presented. Results from this technique compare well with numerical integrations for the case of perfect geometric coalescence of raindrops. This stratiform snow model predicts the existence of radar reflectivity-snowfall rate relations although, for this first-order model, there is fair agreement between theoretical and observed values. The model suggests that “equilibrium” sno.
Hyperparameter-Free Localized Simple Multiple Kernel K-means With Global Optimum

The newly proposed localized simple multiple kernel k-means (SimpleMKKM) provides an elegant clustering framework which sufficiently considers the potential variation among samples. Although achieving superior clustering performance in some applications, we observe that it is required to pre-specify an extra hyperparameter, which determines the size of the localization. This greatly limits its availability in practical applications since there is a little guideline to set a suitable hyperparameter in clustering tasks. To overcome this issue, we firstly parameterize a neighborhood mask matrix as a quadratic combination of a set of pre-computed base neighborhood mask matrices, which corresponds to a group of hyperparameters. We then propose to jointly learn the optimal coefficient of these neighborhood mask matrices together with the clustering tasks. By this way, we obtain the proposed hyperparameter-free localized SimpleMKKM, which corresponds to a more intractable minimization-minimization-maximization optimization problem. We rewrite the resultant optimization as a minimization of an optimal value function, prove its differentiability, and develop a gradient based algorithm to solve it. Furthermore, we theoretically prove that the obtained optimum is the global one. Comprehensive experimental study on several benchmark datasets verifies its effectiveness, comparing with several state-of-the-art counterparts in the recent literature. The source code for hyperparameter-free localized SimpleMKKM is available at https://github.com/xinwangliu/SimpleMKKMcodes/.
Synoptic-Scale Structure and the Character of Coastally Trapped Wind Reversals

Abstract Coastally trapped wind reversals that occur along the U.S. West Coast have been described in numerous other studies. The synoptic-scale environment and the forcing of a coastally trapped Kelvin wave are highly linked in the development of these wind reversals. However, not all wind reversals appear to behave like propagating Kelvin waves and the analysis of coastal buoy observations for three years indicates that different types of disturbances occur. Both propagating disturbances and nonpropagating disturbances occur with similar frequencies. While the synoptic-scale characteristics associated with propagating and nonpropagating wind reversals are sometimes rather subtle, several distinct differences occur that suggest a direct link between the coastal dynamics and the synoptic-scale forcing. Synoptic forcing characterized by persistent low-level offshore flow favors the development of propagating disturbances, while weak, nonsustained offshore flow characterizes nonpropagating disturbances. The.
Cathissa villasina (Hyacinthaceae), a new endemic species from the southeastern Iberian Peninsula

Abstract A new species, Cathissa villasina, endemic to the Sierra de Las Villas (Jaén province, Eastern Andalusia, Spain), is described, illustrated and compared to its closest relative (C. reverchonii), with which it was initially confused in this area. A comparative morphometric study (quantitative and qualitative) of both species including a statistical analysis of 39 macroscopic characters and the detailed microscopic observation of stigma, seminal testa and pollen was performed. In terms of its ecology and phytogeography, C. villasina grows in pockets of clayey soils on limestone pavements on terrain with little or no incline. Humidity levels in these soils are high and they can become temporarily waterlogged. This species is a narrow endemic to the Cazorlense biogeographical district. By comparison, C. reverchonii is clearly a rupicolous species that grows in the shade of vertical or steeply sloping limestone rocks, and is found in numerous scattered localities in the biogeographical Rondense district.
BACH, the beamline for advanced dichroic and scattering experiments at ELETTRA

A beamline for advanced dichroism (BACH), to perform light polarization dependent experiments in the 35–1600 eV photon energy range is under construction at the ELETTRA Synchrotron Radiation Source in Trieste, Italy. The radiation source, based on two APPLE-II helical undulators, is designed for high photon flux and high resolving powers. The photons dispersion system is based on a Padmore variable angle spherical grating monochromator with a typical resolving power of 20 000–6000, 20 000–6000, and 15 000–5000 in the energy ranges 35–200 eV, 200–500 eV, and 500–1600 eV, respectively. Two separate branches after the monochromator allow setting two independent experimental chambers. The photon flux in the experimental chamber(s), calculated at the best resolutions achievable and with the aperture of the slits set at 10 μm, is expected to be above 1011 photons’s with linearly or circularly polarized light. In addition, a fourth grating operates in the 400–1600 eV range to provide a higher flux, 1012 photons’.
The frequency and damping of ion acoustic waves in hydrocarbon (CH) and two‐ion‐species plasmas

The kinetic theory of ion‐acoustic waves in multi‐ion‐species plasmas is discussed. Particular application is made to hydrocarbon (CH) plasmas, which are widely used in laser–plasma experiments. The mode frequencies and Landau damping of the two, dominant, ion‐acoustic modes in CH plasmas are calculated by numerical solution of the kinetic dispersion relation. In addition, some useful results are obtained analytically from expansions of the kinetic dispersion relation and from fluid models. However, these results disagree with the numerical results in domains of particular practical interest. When ion temperatures exceed two‐tenths of the electron temperature, the least damped mode is the one with the smaller phase velocity, and this mode is then found to dominate the ponderomotive response of the CH plasma.
Generation of concise 3D building model from dense meshes by extracting and completing planar primitives

The generation of a concise building model has been and continues to be a challenge in photogrammetry and computer graphics. The current methods typically focus on the simplicity and fidelity of the model, but those methods either fail to preserve the structural information or suffer from low computational efficiency. In this paper, we propose a novel method to generate concise building models from dense meshes by extracting and completing the planar primitives of the building. From the perspective of probability, we first extract planar primitives from the input mesh and obtain the adjacency relationships between the primitives. Since primitive loss and structural defects are inevitable in practice, we employ a novel structural completion approach to eliminate linkage errors. Finally, the concise polygonal mesh is reconstructed by connectivity‐based primitive assembling. Our method is efficient and robust to various challenging data. Experiments on various building models revealed the efficacy and applicability of our method.