Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Enforcing Regulation: Robert Kagan's Contribution—And Some Questions

Robert Kagan has been at the forefront of sociolegal research into regulation for more than thirty years. His work addresses in general the extent to which law fosters or impedes economic activity, and the conditions under which people and organizations both comply with the law and sometimes fail to comply with it. This article analyzes his contributions and suggests some questions for further inquiry prompted by Kagan's work. The survey takes as its starting point Kagan's books Regulatory Encounters (ed. with Axelrad 2000) and Shades of Green (with Gunningham and Thornton 2003), before going on to consider his more recent research, which probes in some detail into the impact of enforcement and the ideas of compliance and deterrence.
Adhesion of bacteria to pyrophyllite clay in aqueous solution

The aim of this study was to investigate the adhesion of bacteria (Escherichia coli) to pyrophyllite clay using batch and flow-through column experiments. Batch results demonstrated that pyrophyllite was effective in removing bacteria (94.5±2.0%) from aqueous solution (1 mM NaCl solution; pyrophyllite dose of 1 g/ml). At solution pH 7.1, negatively-charged bacteria could be removed due to their adhesion to positively-charged surfaces of pyrophyllite (point of zero charge=9.2). Column results showed that pyrophyllite (per cent removal of 94.1±2.3% ) was far more effective in bacterial adhesion than quartz sand (53.6±5.3%) under the given experimental conditions (flow rate of 0.3 ml/min; solution of 1 mM NaCl + 0.1 mM NaHCO3). Bacterial removal in pyrophyllite columns increased from 90 to 100% with decreasing flow rate from 0.6 to 0.15 ml/min due to increasing contact time between bacteria and filter materials. In addition, bacterial removal remained relatively constant at 94–97% even though NaHCO3 concentration increased from 0.1 to 10 mM (flow rate of 0.3 ml/min). This could be related to the fact that pyrophyllite remained positively-charged even though the solution conditions changed. This study demonstrates that pyrophyllite could be used as adsorptive filter materials in the removal of bacteria.
Ist körperliche Aktivität verlaufsmodifizierend bei M. Parkinson?

Zusammenfassung Intensive, körperliche Freizeitaktivität im Vorfeld der Erkrankung scheint das individuelle Parkinsonerkrankungsrisiko zu mindern. Sowohl Ausdauersportarten als auch fernöstliche Bewegungsformen sind geeignet. Physiotherapie optimiert in frühen Krankheitsstadien mit aktiven, evidenzbasierten Therapieverfahren motorische Leistungen, in fortgeschrittenen Krankheitsstadien verlängert sie effektiv motorische Selbstständigkeit und verbessert die Lebensqualität.
Lead halide perovskites: Crystal-liquid duality, phonon glass electron crystals, and large polaron formation

Efficient dynamic screening is key to the success of lead halide perovskites in solar cells and light emitting devices. Lead halide perovskites have been demonstrated as high performance materials in solar cells and light-emitting devices. These materials are characterized by coherent band transport expected from crystalline semiconductors, but dielectric responses and phonon dynamics typical of liquids. This “crystal-liquid” duality implies that lead halide perovskites belong to phonon glass electron crystals, a class of materials believed to make the most efficient thermoelectrics. We show that the crystal-liquid duality and the resulting dielectric response are responsible for large polaron formation and screening of charge carriers, leading to defect tolerance, moderate charge carrier mobility, and radiative recombination properties. Large polaron formation, along with the phonon glass character, may also explain the marked reduction in hot carrier cooling rates in these materials.
Generalized Evidence Pre-propagated Importance Sampling for Hybrid Bayesian Networks

In this paper, we first provide a new theoretical understanding of the Evidence Pre-propagated Importance Sampling algorithm (EPIS-BN) (Yuan & Druzdzel 2003; 2006b) and show that its importance function minimizes the KL-divergence between the function itself and the exact posterior probability distribution in Polytrees. We then generalize the method to deal with inference in general hybrid Bayesian networks consisting of deterministic equations and arbitrary probability distributions. Using a novel technique called soft arc reversal, the new algorithm can also handle evidential reasoning with observed deterministic variables.
Automatic Color-based Image Recognition Technique using LAB Features and a Robust Unsupervised Clustering Algorithm

An automatic color-based image recognition approach is presented in this article. A set of digital images will be clustered in several classes on the color similarity basis. The images are featured using LAB color space. Then, the obtained color-based feature vectors are clustered using a novel automatic unsupervised classification algorithm based on validation indexes. Some experiments, performed using the developed recognition technique, are also described in this paper. Key-Words: image recognition, color-based feature vectors, LAB color space, unsupervised clustering, region-growing, validation indexes.
Novel approach to improvise congestion control over vehicular ad hoc networks (VANET)

Time has come where the communication is not just limited to only amongst humans. Now, the era has come where dreams of communicating vehicles is becoming the reality. Increasing demand of VANET implementation in car to car communication has resulted in congestion in handling multiple request and response among communicating and transiting vehicles. In addition to that, one to one congestion control needs to be addressed at each VANET node due to highly volatile traffic and frequently changing topology of the network. This paper presents a unique technique to control congestion over Vehicular Ad Hoc Networks using simple techniques of early detection of congestion. Further, researchers of this paper analyzed congestion control algorithm by implementing it on real time scenario over the simulation environment of SUMO, MOVE and NS2 to investigate the efficiency and probable improvements in the congestion.
Creating good lives through computer games

In this chapter we aim to explore how videogames can lead to improvements in wellbeing. Following Keyes (2007) and Huppert and So (2012) we view wellbeing as a multidimensional concept with both hedonic and eudaimonic aspects. In this chapter we take a broad approach in terms of exploring the impact of videogames on the psychological, social, and physical components of wellbeing. We explore how videogames have been shown to have an impact in each of these domains. Although there is a great deal of evidence for the actual and potential positive impacts of videogames, there are many unanswered questions regarding the situations in which there is likely to be an impact of videogame play on wellbeing, as well as the aspects of wellbeing that are likely to be impacted by videogame play. We conclude the chapter by outlining the key questions for future research. Our focus in this chapter is on the positive influences of videogames. We do not explore research on contexts in which negative impacts are possible or subgroups for which videogames could cause harm. However, these questions are obviously important and we see balanced engagement with age-appropriate videogames as a key prerequisite for any of the wellbeing benefits discussed below.
Shyness Programme: Longer Term Benefits, Cost-Effectiveness, and Acceptability

Objective: In two randomized controlled trials Titov et al. demonstrated significant benefit from an Internet- and email-based treatment programme for social phobia: the Shyness programme. Data are presented about the longer term outcomes (6 months after treatment), cost-effectiveness relative to face-to-face treatment, and the acceptability of the programme to participants. Method: Participants completed outcome and acceptability questionnaires at 6 months after treatment. Repeated measures analyses of variance were calculated using an intention-to-treat design. Cost-effectiveness in years lived with disability averted were calculated based on between-group effect sizes. Results: A total of 59% of treatment group participants completed the 6 month follow-up questionnaires. Between post-treatment and 6 month follow up participants continued to make improvements in symptoms of social phobia, while maintaining improvements in mood, psychological distress, and disability. At 6 month follow up the mean within-group effect size (Cohen's d) for the two social phobia measures increased from 1.2 to 1.4. Cost-effectiveness in years lived with disability (YLD) averted was calculated as one-quarter that of face-to-face group treatment, or $AUD1495 for one YLD gained, compared to $AUD5686/YLD gained. Participants rated the Internet treatment to be as effective and helpful as face-to-face treatment. Conclusions: The present results confirm the reliability of the short-term findings reported in the first two Shyness programmes. The procedure appears to be very cost-effective, and acceptable to participants. These data provide further support for the development of Internet-based virtual clinics for common mental disorders.
Efficient acquisition of human retinotopic maps

A bifield stimulation method for rapidly obtaining retinotopic maps in human occipital cortex using functional MRI was compared to conventional unifield stimulation. While maintaining central fixation, each participant viewed the conventional display, consisting of a single rotating checkerboard wedge and, in a separate run, the bifield display, consisting of two symmetrically placed rotating checkerboard wedges (a ‘propeller’ configuration). Both stimulus configurations used wedges with 30 degree polar angle width, 6.8 degrees visual angle extension from fixation, and 8.3 Hz contrast polarity reversal rate. Retinotopic maps in each condition were projected onto a distortion corrected computationally flattened cortical surface representation obtained from a high‐resolution structural MRI. An automated procedure to localize borders between early visual areas revealed, as expected, that map precision increased with duration of data acquisition for both conditions. Bifield stimulation required 40% less time to yield maps with similar precision to those obtained using conventional unifield stimulation. Hum. Brain Mapping 18:22–29, 2003. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Stress episode in aviation: the case of China

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to investigate the impact of role stressors on job stress among airline employees in mainland China. More specifically, the aggravating effects of shift work and the mitigating effects of decision latitude are explored to facilitate strategies of intervention aimed at reducing job stress.Design/methodology/approach – Data are collected using a field survey in Mandarin from 485 airline employees, including pilots, flight attendants, and service employees in five major cities in mainland China.Findings – The findings demonstrate that role overload and role conflict have significant positive effects on job stress. Furthermore, both shift work and its interference with non‐work activities significantly elevated the impact of role overload on job stress. Findings also reveal that decision latitude mitigated the detrimental effect of role overload on job stress for employees working on fixed shift, but not for employees working on rotating shift.Research limitations/implic.
Comparing the gaze responses of children with autism and typically developed individuals in human-robot interaction

Robots are becoming a part of humans' social life as assistants, companionbots, therapists, and entertainers. One promising application of the socially assistive robots is in autism therapy, where robots are employed to enhance verbal and nonverbal skills (e.g. eye-gaze attention, facial expression mimicry) of individuals with Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD). One important question is "How the gaze responses of individuals with ASD differ from that of Typically Developing (TD) peers when interacting with a robot? " We present the results of our recent studies for modeling and analyzing the gaze pattern of children with ASD when they interact with a robot called NAO. This paper reports the differences of gaze responses of TD and ASD group in two conversational contexts: Speaking versus Listening. We used Variable-order Markov Model (VMM) to discover the temporal gaze directional patterns of ASD and TD groups. The results reveal that the gaze responses of the TD individuals in speaking and listening contexts, can be best modeled by VMM with order zero and three, respectively. As we expected, the result show that the temporal gaze patterns of typically developed children are varying when the role in the conversational context is changed. However for the ASD individuals for both conversational contexts the VMM with order one could best fit the data. Overall, the results conclude that VMM is a powerful technique to model different gaze responses of TD and ASD individuals in speaking and listening contexts.
Perceptual Control Theory and the Method of Levels: Further Contributions to a Transdiagnostic Perspective

Transdiagnostic approaches to psychological treatment offer the opportunity to consider common processes across seemingly disparate disorders. Although psychological distress exhibits dramatic variability across individuals, it is possible to discern common underlying processes. One of these processes is internal perceptual conflict. Perceptual Control Theory (PCT) provides an explanation for the manifestation and also the resolution of this conflict. A therapeutic approach called the Method of Levels (MOL) has been developed from PCT principles. MOL promotes the reorganization of conflict by shifting an individual's awareness to meta, or more fundamental, goal states. This paper explains PCT and MOL and concludes by describing early empirical evidence for MOL.
A incidência de desvios posturais em meninas de 6 a 17 anos da cidade de Novo Hamburgo

O objetivo deste estudo foi verificar a incidencia de desvios posturais em escolares. Foram realizadas avaliacoes posturais estaticas, goniometricas e medicoes das distancias escapulares em meninas entre 6 e 17 anos de idade (n=154). Os resultados indicaram que e comum a ocorrencia de desvios posturais, principalmente a partir dos 10 anos, quando passa a ocorrer tambem um percentual maior de assimetrias entre as medidas do lado direito e esquerdo da cintura escapular e pelvica. Analisando as faixas etarias como um todo, os desvios mais observados foram: anteriorizacao da coluna cervical (66,23%), protusao de ombros (47,40%), abducao escapular (80,52%), nipercifose dorsal (10,39%), hiperlordose lombar (31,17%) e cifolordose (29,22%). The objective of this study was to identify the incidence of postural deformity in students. Assessments of static posture, goniometrics and scapular measurements were mada in girls from 6 to 17 years old (n=154). The results indicate that the occurrence of postural deviation is common, specially from 10years old, when also starts to occur i righer percentage of asymmetry between the left and right sides of both the scapular and pelvic girths. The deformities most frequently observed were: anteriorization of the cervical spine
ULTIMATE ATTAINMENT IN L2 PHONOLOGY

Within both first and second language acquisition research, a critical or sensitive period for complete attainment has largely been substantiated in phonological studies, although it is questionable whether age should be examined in isolation from sociopsychological influences and the extent of exposure to the second language. This study sets out to challenge the Critical Period Hypothesis (CPH) by examining phonological performance among highly motivated subjects who use German daily as graduate student instructors and who have been immersed in the language through in-country residence, augmented by years of instruction in both language- and content-based courses. The methodology developed seeks to expand the realm of factors that are potentially conflated with age, such as instruction, motivation, suprasegmental training, and self-perception of productive accuracy, and other factors that have not been addressed in previous studies on ultimate attainment. Production tasks target sounds difficult for nonnative speakers (NNSs) according to contrastive analysis, and task types range in complexity from isolated words to sentences, paragraphs, and free speech. A mean rating was computed for each speaker, including native speaker controls, according to native speaker judgments. When averaged across all tasks, nonnative speaker performance did not overlap with native performance. However, several variables correlated significantly with outcome, including suprasegmental training, which indicated performance closer to native level.
Tris{N-[bis(dimethylamino)phosphinoyl]-2,2,2-trichloroacetamido}(triphenylphosphine oxide)holmium(III)

In the title compound, [Ho(C6H12Cl3N3O2P)3(C18H15OP)], the HoIII ion is surrounded by six O atoms from the three bidentate N-[bis(dimethylamino)phosphinoyl]-2,2,2-trichloroacetamido ligands (L −) and by one O atom from the triphenylphosphine oxide ligand, with the formation of a distorted monocapped octahedron. In one ligand L −, the trichloromethyl group is rotationally disordered between two orientations in a 1:1 ratio, while two dimethylamino groups in another ligand L − are disordered between two conformations, each with the same 1:1 ratio.
Acute effects of superimposed electromyostimulation during cycling on myokines and markers of muscle damage

Objectives: The purpose of the present study was to evaluate the effects of superimposed electromyostimulation (E) during cycling on myokines and markers of muscle damage, as E might be a useful tool to induce a high local stimulus to skeletal muscle during endurance training without performing high external workloads. Methods: 13 subjects participated in three experimental trials each lasting 60 min in a randomized order. 1) Cycling (C), 2) Cycling with superimposed E (C+E) and 3) E. Interleukin-6 (IL-6), brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), creatine kinase (CK) and myoglobin were determined before (pre) and 0’, 30’, 60’, 240’ and 24h after each intervention. Results: Only C+E caused significant increases in levels of CK and myoglobin. BDNF and IL-6 significantly increased after C and C+E, however increases for IL-6 were significantly higher after C+E compared to C. Conclusion: The present study showed that superimposed E during cycling might be a useful tool to induce a high local stimulus to skeletal muscle even when performing low to moderate external workloads. This effect might be due the activation of additional muscle fibers and mild eccentric work due to the concomitant activation of agonist and antagonist. However the higher load to skeletal muscle has to be taken into account.
Adaptation of web users self-efficacy scale (WUSE) to Turkish: Validity and reliability study / Web kullanıcıları öz-yeterlik ölçeği’nin (WKÖÖ) Türkçe’ye uyarlanması: Geçerlik ve güvenirlik çalışması

Bu arastirmanin amaci Eachus & Cassidy (2006) tarafindan gelistirilen Web Kullanicilari Oz-yeterlik Olcegini (WKOO) Turkce’ye uyarlamak ve gecerlik-guvenirlik analizlerini yapmaktir. Bu calismaya Karadeniz Teknik Universitesi (KTU), Gazi Universitesi (GU), Sakarya Universitesi (SU) ve Kirikkale Universitesinde (KU) ogrenim goren toplam 706 universite ogrencisi katilmistir. Olcegin oncelikle dilsel esdegerlik islemleri tamamlanip uygunlugu degerlendirildikten sonra gecerlik ve guvenirlik analizleri yapilmistir. Bu calismada yapi gecerligi icin “Acimlayici Faktor Analizi” (AFA) ve elde edilen faktor yapisinin dogrulugunu test etmek icin “Dogrulayici Faktor Analizi” (DFA) yontem olarak belirlenmistir. Olcut bagimli gecerlik islemleri icin WKOO ile birlikte Egitsel Internet Kullanimi Oz Yeterlik Olcegi (EIKO) kullanilmistir. Yapilan analizlerde olcegin orijinal formu ile uyumlu dort alt faktor belirlenmistir. Bu dort faktor “Bilgi Edinme”, “Bilgi Saglama”, “Iletisim” ve “Teknoloji” olarak adlandirilmistir. Olcege iliskin toplam aciklanan varyans %55.26 olarak bulunmustur. Olcut gecerligi icin kullanilan EIKO ile WUSE arasindaki korelasyon . 68 (p<001) duzeyinde yuksek ve pozitif yonde hesaplanmistir. Olcegin ic tutarlik katsayisi testin butunu icin . 90 alt faktorler icin . 82 ile . 90 araliginda ve test-tekrar test guvenirlik katsayilari ise . 79 olarak hesaplanmistir. Ayrica olcegin duzeltilmis madde-toplam korelasyonlarinin. 33 ile . 71 arasinda siralandigi ve %27’lik alt-ust gruplarin ortalamalari arasindaki tum farklarin anlamli oldugu bulunmustur. DFA bulgulari ve bu sonuclara gore olcegin Turkce formunun gecerli ve guvenilir bir olcme araci oldugu sonucuna varilabilir.
Exposing video inter-frame forgery based on velocity field consistency

In recent years, video forensics has become an important issue. Video inter-frame forgery detection is a significant branch of forensics. In this paper, a new algorithm based on the consistency of velocity field is proposed to detect video inter-frame forgery (i.e., consecutive frame deletion and consecutive frame duplication). The generalized extreme studentized deviate (ESD) test is applied to identify the forgery types and locate the manipulated positions in forged videos. Experiments show the effectiveness of our algorithm.
Imperfect Information Processing in Sequential Bargaining Games with Present Biased Preferences

This paper studies an alternating-offers bargaining game between a time-consistent player and a time-inconsistent player who processes information on future self-preferences imperfectly. Time-inconsistency and information processing are modeled by using cognitive and mood state approaches, respectively. This model structure allows for the learning of the partially naive time-inconsistent agent. The results characterize the relationship among the level of naivete, the level of learning probability and the equilibrium. We find critical values of the model parameters that specify whether the agreement is delayed and characterize the probabilistic nature of the agreement. In addition, comparative static results are reported with respect to time preferences.
Ranking intuitionistic fuzzy values with the Euclidean distance

Ranking intuitionistic fuzzy values is a very important research topic in the field of intuitionistic fuzzy set. To address this issue, we attempt to propose an approach, based on the concept of the Euclidean distance, to ordering intuitionistic fuzzy values. Also, we study some properties in our theory, which in turn show that the problems in the existing approaches do not occur in our theory.
Optimal detection for STBC MIMO systems in spatially correlated Rayleigh fast fading channels with imperfect channel estimation

An optimal detector for space-time block coded signals with pilot symbol assisted modulation in multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) systems with imperfect channel estimation is proposed and investigated. We compare its performance with that of traditional mismatched detectors treating channel estimates as perfect in spatially and temporally correlated fading channels. The channel time variations are approximated by using the basis expansion model (BEM). Specifically, the discrete prolate spheroidal basis functions are used. In both spatially uncorrelated and spatially highly correlated MIMO Rayleigh fast fading channels, the optimal detector significantly outperforms the mismatched detectors including the one exploiting minimum mean square error channel estimates.