Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
General comments from Murat Aydin :

We are thankful to Murat Aydin and Vas Petrenko for their constructive comments on our article. We listed below our responses to the major and minor specific comments. Murat Aydin's comments are shown in blue, Vas Petrenko's in green. Our corresponding responses are below in black. For clarity we have regrouped different comments of the two referees, to provide a common answer. All the section and figure numbering included in our response to reviewers refers to the updated manuscript and SI.
Computational Techniques for Fluid Dynamics : A Solutions Manual

This complementary text provides detailed solutions for the problems that appear in Chapters 2 to 18 of Computational Techniques for Fluid Dynamics (CTFD), Second Edition. Consequently there is no Chapter 1 in this solutions manual. The solutions are indicated in enough detail for the serious reader to have little difficulty in completing any intermediate steps. Many of the problems require the reader to write a computer program to obtain the solution. Tabulated data, from computer output, are included where appropriate and coding enhancements to the programs provided in CTFD are indicated in the solutions. In some instances completely new programs have been written and the listing forms part of the solution. All of the program modifications, new programs and input/output files are available on an IBM compatible floppy direct from C.A. J. Fletcher. Many of the problems are substantial enough to be considered miniprojects and the discussion is aimed as much at encouraging the reader to explore ex tensions and what-if scenarios leading to further dcvelopment as at providing neatly packaged solutions. Indeed, in order to givc the reader a better intro duction to CFD reality, not all the problems do have a "happy ending". Some suggested extensions fail; but the reasons for the failure are illuminating.
Status of toxicology education in US Doctor of Pharmacy programs

Purpose: Pharmacists play a significant role in toxicology from research to clinical practice. Adequate toxicology content coverage is expected in the curricula of US PharmD programs. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the status of toxicology education in the professional PharmD programs in US schools and colleges of pharmacy. Method: The websites of 142 pharmacy programs were visited. Pages with PharmD curriculum, course catalog, student handbook were identified and retrieved. The toxicology course titles and catalog descriptions were compiled and uploaded into the qualitative data analysis software, NVivo® 12. A word cloud analysis of the toxicology course descriptions was conducted. Standard data coding strategies were employed for the thematic analysis of the course descriptions. Results: Toxicology content integrated with other biomedical sciences was found in 108 (78%) pharmacy programs. Standalone toxicology required courses and didactic elective courses were identified in 21 and 34 programs, respectively. The number of semester hours dedicated to the stand-alone toxicology courses varied from 1.0 to 4.0 (median 1⁄4 2.5, mode1⁄4 3.0, mean1⁄4 2.7). The thematic dimensions related to toxicology in the titles and the course descriptions included acute and chronic toxicity of drugs, drug overdoses, drugeadverse reactions, poisons, diverse types of toxicants, toxicological manifestations, detection of toxicants/clinical assessments, and prevention/management of poisoning. Conclusion: Most of the pharmacy programs integrate toxicology within biomedical science courses while a smaller proportion offer standalone courses either as required or elective courses. Our study may be a useful guide for pharmacy schools/colleges to review toxicology content offerings.
A New Types Interval Valued Fuzzy Ideals in Gamma-Semigroups

—In this paper, we deﬁne the new types of interval valued fuzzy ideals, and interval valued fuzzy almost ideals in Γ -semigroups. We discuss the properties of new types interval valued fuzzy ideals. The relation between interval valued fuzzy almost ideals and almost ideals are proved. Finally, we examine the properties of minimal interval valued fuzzy ideals, and minimal interval valued fuzzy almost ideals in Γ -semigroups.
Facing Death and Life After: The Posttraumatic Growth (PTG) of Generation Z COVID-19 Survivors

: This paper delved into the experience of posttraumatic growth of severely traumatized Generation Z COVID-19 survivors. The descriptive type of research was utilized as it only explains the fundamentals of the results without manipulating and influencing the data gathered. The exploratory sequential mixed method was specifically employed to triangulate, homogenize, and support quantitative and qualitative results and their relationship with each other through the use of the COVID-19 Peritraumatic Distress Index to screen their trauma level, Posttraumatic Growth Inventory to assess their growth level, and an in-depth interview method to further explain their lived experiences respectively. The purposive sampling method was applied to gather 100 respondents and 7 participants both belonging to generation z ages 18 to 25 for quantitative and qualitative data respectively. It was discovered that it is through successful meaning management or making sense of the world after a trauma transformed people. This finding was supported by the Meaning Management Theory which suggested that people can seek and reconstruct meaning amidst existential uncertainties and the Posttraumatic Growth theory which states that life-altering and life-disruptive trauma results in growth. The quantitative finding revealed a high score of growth among respondents; this also mirrors the qualitative data in which several themes per domain of PTG were interpreted. Participants reported having heightened feelings of courage, resiliency, & perseverance in terms of facing adversities, embarking on a newly discovered path with a sense of contentment and determination, developing a meaningful connection within their social circle, having a greater sense of appreciation for the value of live through priority shifting, and realignment of values, and developing a deeper faith anchored with a deeper meaning and purpose in life.
Fuel Efficiency in Saudi Arabia’s Aviation Sector: Progress and Future Implications

Despite the fast global expansion of the aviation industry, due to its sustainability issues, the industry’s concerns about energy efficiency and emissions are still very important. Studying the changing energy consumption patterns in Saudi Arabia is crucial, as the country is expected to see significant changes in the coming years with new infrastructure, an increase in tourism, and new airlines.
Detecting Deception through Telephone Sketches in an Insurance Setting

In the present experiment, carried out via Zoom, we ex - amined the effect of (i) sketching and (ii) having the video turned on or off on the verbal accounts of truth tellers and lie tellers. Truth tellers reported an incident of loss, theft or accidental damage they experienced in the last 24 months, whereas lie tellers made up an incident. Half of the partici - pants were asked to sketch the event whilst reporting it, whereas the other half did not sketch. Half of the partici - pants were interviewed with the video turned on and the other half with the video turned off. We measured, total details, complications, plausibility and ‘it could have been worse’ (playing down the incident). We expected truth tell - ers to provide more total details, more complications, more ‘It could have been worse’ comments and more plausible statements than lie tellers, particularly when they sketch with the video turned off. Truth tellers provided more com - plications, more plausible statements and, particularly, more ‘It could have been worse’ comments than lie tellers. The sketching and video factors yielded no effects.
Vers une mécanique quantique sans nombre complexe

L'equation de Dirac est ecrite a l'aide de matrices reelles. Le formalisme reel introduit trois matrices distinctes jouant le role de i. Les matrices unitaires sont remplacees par les matrices orthogonales. Un groupe de jauge SO(8) s'introduit naturellement. On etudie les sous-groupes laissant invariantes les parties droites et gauches de l'onde. Le formalisme reel permet d'obtenir des equations d'onde de fermions chiraux et dotes d'une masse propre. On associe a chaque type de fermion un type d'equation d'onde relativiste. On etudie les tenseurs constructibles a partir des spineurs utilises. Deux de ces tenseurs redonnent l'electromagnetisme du photon de L. de Broglie. Le formalisme reel modifie la problematique des energies negatives.
Entrepreneurial Intentions: Between Entrepreneurial Knowledge, Entrepreneurial Skills and Perceived Control Behavior

This study aims to analyze the effect of entrepreneurial knowledge, entrepreneurial skills, and planned control behavior on entrepreneurial intentions. The grand theory used is Teri Planned Behavior from Ajzen (1991). The explanatory survey method was employed as the research method of the study. The research population comprised 506 students with a sample size of 218 respondents. The research sample was taken from a population of all Indonesian accounting education students consisting of students who had attended entrepreneurship courses from the Universitas Pendidikan Indonesian (UPI), Universitas Negeri Yogyakarta Negeri (UNY), Universitas Sebelas Maret (UNS), Universitas Negeri Surabaya (UNESA), Universitas Negeri Malang (UM), Universitas Negeri Makasar (UNM) and Universitas Negeri Medan (UNIMED). As the strategy to collect data, all questionnaires in this study have been tested for validity and reliability. Data were analyzed through descriptive analysis and path analysis. The results indicate that entrepreneurial knowledge did not affect perceived control behavior. Thus, variable trimming is conducted. Entrepreneurial skills have a positive effect on perceived control behavior. Similarly, entrepreneurial skills impact entrepreneurial intentions. Perceived behavior control has a positive effect on entrepreneurial intentions. Perceived behavior control is the most dominant variable in influencing entrepreneurial intentions. Future research is recommended to increase entrepreneurship from indicators of experience such as knowing client's problems and entrepreneurial skills, for example, indicators of recognizing opportunities, perceived behavior control through indicators of having opportunities for success, and entrepreneurial intentions through the business ability to start a business.
Change Management: Strategies for Successful Organizational Transitions

This journal article explores the concept of change management and its significance in facilitating successful organizational transitions. It delves into the challenges associated with change, the importance of effective change management strategies, and the role of leadership in driving and supporting change initiatives. Drawing from a comprehensive review of literature and empirical evidence, this article provides valuable insights and practical recommendations for implementing change management in organizations.
ALGEBRAIC COMBINATORICS

The multiple flag variety X = Gr( C p + q ,r ) × (Fl( C p ) × Fl( C q )) can be considered as a double flag variety associated to the symmetric pair ( G,K ) = (GL p + q ( C ) , GL p ( C ) × GL q ( C )) of type AIII. We consider the diagonal action of K on X . There is a finite number of orbits for this action, and our first result is a description of these orbits: parametrization (by a certain set of graphs), dimensions, closure relations and cover relations. In [5], we defined two generalized Steinberg maps from the K -orbits of X to the nilpotent K -orbits in k and those in the Cartan complement of k , respectively. The main result in the present paper is a complete, explicit description of these two Steinberg maps by means of a combinatorial algorithm which extends the classical Robinson–Schensted correspondence.
COMPORTAMIENTO ASIMÉTRICO DE LOS COSTOS EN EMPRESAS ARGENTINAS LISTADAS EN EL MERCADO DE VALORES DE LOS SECTORES CONSTRUCCIÓN, COMERCIO Y SERVICIOS

La funcion de costos a corto plazo supone una proporcionalidad simetrica entre los costos y el nivel de actividad, es decir que los costos aumentan y disminuyen en la misma proporcion ante un mismo aumento o disminucion del nivel de actividad de la empresa. En la practica, los costos presentan un comportamiento diferente segun la direccion de cambio del nivel de actividad mostrando asimetrias en su comportamiento. A partir del modelo propuesto por Anderson, se incorporan coeficientes aleatorios para descomponer las fuentes de variabilidad entre las empresas. La muestra esta conformada por un conjunto de empresas Argentinas listadas en el mercado de valores pertenecientes a los sectores Comercio Construccion y Servicios durante el periodo 2004-2012. Las expectativas sobre la actividad economicas afectan las decisiones gerenciales en relacion al ajuste de los costos de las empresa; para medir este efecto se incorporan en el analisis los periodos 2004-2007 y 2008-2012, encontrando diferencias en el comportamiento de los costos de las empresas relacionados con el contexto economico de cada uno.
Optimal Load-Balanced Scalable Distributed Agreement

We consider the fundamental problem of designing classical consensus-related distributed abstractions for large-scale networks, where the number of parties can be huge. Specifically, we consider tasks such as Byzantine Agreement, Broadcast, and Committee Election, and our goal is to design scalable protocols in the sense that each honest party processes 1 and sends a number of bits which is sub-linear in n , the total number of parties. In this work, we construct the first such scalable protocols for all of the above tasks. In our protocols, each party processes and sends ˜ O ( √ n ) bits throughout ˜ O (1) rounds of communication, and correctness is guaranteed for at most 1 / 3 − ϵ fraction of static byzantine corruptions for every constant ϵ > 0 (in the full information model). All previous protocols for the considered agreement tasks were non-scalable, either because the communication complexity was linear or because the computational complexity was super polynomial. We complement our result with a matching lower bound showing that any Byzantine Agreement protocol must have Ω( √ n ) complexity in our model. Previously, the state of the art was the well-known ˜Ω( 3 √ n ) lower bound of Holtby, Kapron, and King (Distributed Computing, 2008).
Effects of Different Methods and Relationship Matrices on Reliabilities of Genomic Selection in Dairy Cattle

Since genomic prediction is widely used in dairy cattle, we aimed to evaluate the performance of pedigree based (ABLUP), SNP based (GBLUP) and single-step GBLUP (ss-GBLUP) methods with different sets of information in terms of reliability of genomic prediction. Four different methods were evaluated: (Method 1) ABLUP with all available phenotypes and pedigree; (Method 2) GBLUP with SNP genotypes and phenotypes of genotyped cows; (Method 3) single-step GBLUP with SNP genotypes, phenotypes of genotyped cows and all pedigree and (Method 4) single-step GBLUP with SNP genotypes, all phenotypes of both genotyped and nongenotyped cows and all pedigree. SNP based methods also used different genomic relationship matrices (GRMs) formed by different approaches: vanRaden , Astle , Yang and Endelman . The simulated dataset replicates a common dairy cattle population. A significant increase in reliability of prediction was observed in ss-GBLUP with all phenotypes and pedigree beside genotyped cows. This increase was apparent for both first lactation milk yield (LMY) and milk fat percentage (Fat%). Combining all available information with ss-GBLUP gave about 1.6 and 1.2 times higher reliabilities for LMY
Is Hot Drought a Risk in the US Mid-Atlantic? - a Potomac Basin Case Study

We propose a new nonparametric approach for assessing future changes in annual stream ﬂows in extreme drought years based on an ensemble of climate projections. We apply the method to the Potomac River basin, investigating whether future ﬂows in the river may be impacted by “hot drought”, that is, increasing severity of hydrological drought caused by rising temperatures coupled with variability in precipitation. Long time series representative of annual climate in time periods of interest are constructed by pooling and concatenating shorter time series sampled from an ensemble of bias corrected and spatially downscaled climate projections, where the K-nearest neighbor method is used to select pool members. The pooled time series are of suﬃcient length to allow estimation of the probability distribution of a full range of future annual ﬂows, including 1st percentile values, indicative of ﬂow in an extreme drought year. An empirically derived climate response function for annual mean ﬂow is used as this study’s simple hydrologic model. The resulting set of cumulative probability distributions can be used to compute scaling factors for future annual Potomac River ﬂow which demonstrate the disparate impacts of climate change on high ﬂow, average ﬂow, and low ﬂow years. For most scenarios considered, results indicate that though long-term mean precipitation and river ﬂow will increase modestly in future years, annual ﬂows in an extreme drought year will decrease. This new approach can provide multi-model consensus inputs for water supply planning models to support decision-making regarding new infrastructure for climate resilience.
Precipitation Preventing a Deficit of Readily Available Soil Water in Arable Soils in Poland

Plants grown in arable soils mainly use rainwater stored in the soil at matric potential between −10 kPa and −100 kPa, which corresponds to the readily available soil water (RASW). RASW in the 100-cm soil layer of Polish arable soils is relatively low and ranges from about 12 mm in mountain clay soils up to 75 mm in black earths, which, at an average daily evapotranspiration of 3.8 mm·day−1 and spatio—temporal variability of precipitation, determines water scarcity of crop plants. The aim of the study is to estimate the values and the frequency of critical rainfall which ensures that soil water is kept in the range of readily available to plants and prevents water shortages for plants in arable soils. In order to meet this condition, the decade (10-day) sums of this precipitation, included in the ranges 16–27, 22–31, 26–35 and 33–39 mm, occur in 20.8, 13.4, 11.3 and 5.9%, respectively, of the decades of the vegetation period (April to September). Maps of critical rainfall spatial diversity in the background of the actual soil cover in Poland were generated. They may be useful for preliminary, estimated operational planning of irrigation needs.
Smith Predictor Controller for Exoskeleton Robot Driven by Electrohydraulic Servo System with Time Delay

—Electrohydraulic servo system (EHSS) are usually used to actuate the exoskeleton robots for their abilities to deliver accurate and high power. However, their exists an inevitable time delay for EHSS, because it costs a certain time to make the oil pumped from the tank into the servo and cylinder. To overcome this problem, this paper utilizes the Smith predictor to compensate the time delay. Firstly, the dynamic model is built to compute the desired torque based on the Lagrange equation and fluid equation. The desired torque is transformed into the form of transfer function, and the control law is designed by introducing a time constant. Moreover, this time constant is supposed to be set as the same as the time delay. The results demonstrate that the Smith predictor deeply decreases the time delay and promotes the control performance.
Evaluation of Perceived Stress and Lifestyle Choices at the Beginning of the COVID-19 Pandemic Among Students at A School of Pharmacy in the United States

Purpose: Academic stress is a well-known component of life as a healthcare professional student, with the COVID-19 pandemic ushering in additional challenges. This study investigated trends in perceived stress, in relation to demographic and lifestyle choice variables among pharmacy students, during the initial months of the COVID-19 pandemic, at a U.S. school of pharmacy. Methods: A cross-sectional, descriptive study was conducted at Samford University's McWhorter School of Pharmacy utilizing a web-based questionnaire that was distributed to all enrolled second-, third-, and fourth-year Doctor of Pharmacy students. The survey instrument contained 22 items and was arranged into three sections to characterize demographic information, lifestyle choices, and perceived stress e using the validated 10-item Perceived Stress Scale (PSS-10). Results were analyzed using SPSS. Results: A total of 332 students were invited to participate in the study. One-hundred fifty-seven responses were received (47.2% response rate). The median (IQR) Perceived Stress Scale (PSS-10) score of students was 22 (4.0), suggestive of a moderate level of perceived stress. There were no respondents with a PSS-10 score of 0e13, which would indicate low perceived stress. Thirteen (8.2%) students reported a PSS-10 score of ≥27, which is suggestive of a high level of perceived stress. Most students reported positive lifestyle choices (e.g., 75.2% reported sleeping 6e8 h per night and 60.5% exercised 6e8 h per week). In the analysis of mean rank PSS-10 score by demographic and lifestyle variables, a statistically significant difference was noted only by gender (p 1⁄4 .009), with the female gender reporting a higher mean
Functional Characterization of BMP Binding Sites and Smad1/5 Activation in Human Vascular Cells

Mutations in the bone morphogenetic protein type II receptor (BMPR-II) gene cause familial pulmonary arterial hypertension (FPAH), a disease characterized by excessive smooth muscle and endothelial cell proliferation. However, the specific receptors mediating responses to BMPs in human vascular cells are not known. We show that human pulmonary artery smooth muscle cells [HPASMCs] express high specific 125 I-BMP4 binding whereas HMEC-1 and human pulmonary artery endothelial cells [HPAECs] exhibit low binding. BMP4 competes for both high and low affinity 125 I-BMP4 binding sites on HPASMCs, yet BMP2 only competes at the low affinity binding sites. Also, BMP4, but not BMP2, induced Smad1/5 phosphorylation at low concentrations in HPASMCs. Conversely, HMEC-1 cells exhibited a single binding site population with equal affinity for BMP2 and BMP4. In both cell types, growth differentiation factor-5 (GDF5), BMP6 and BMP7 stimulated Smad1/5 phosphorylation and competed for 125 I-BMP4 less efficiently than BMP2 or BMP4. HPAECs exhibited weak Smad responses to BMPs. Expression analysis suggested the low binding in endothelial cells corresponded to lower ALK3 and ALK6 expression. Although transfection of siRNAs for ALK3 and BMPR-II abrogated Smad1/5 phosphorylation to BMP4, BMP2 and GDF5 in HMEC-1 and HPASMCs, they had little effect on 125 I-BMP4 binding. ALK6 siRNA did not alter binding or Smad1/5 responses, even to GDF5, a reported ALK6 selective ligand. Therefore, ALK3/BMPR-II is the BMP4/BMP2/GDF5-responsive receptor in human vascular cells, but these studies suggest a BMP4/GDF5 selective binding protein exists in HPASMCs. These cell-specific differences in BMP responses are important for understanding the pathogenesis of FPAH.