Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
M Star Astrosphere Size Fluctuations and Habitable Planet Descreening

Stellar astrospheres—the plasma cocoons carved out of the interstellar medium by stellar winds—are continually influenced by th eir passage through the fluctuating interstellar medium (ISM). Inside d ense interstellar regions, an astrosphere may be compressed to a size smaller than the liquidwater habitable zone distance. Habitable planets then enjoy no astrospheric buffering from the full flux of Galactic cosmic rays and inter stellar dust and gas, a situation we call “descreening. ” Recent papers (Yeghikyan and Fahr, Pavlov et al.) have suggested such global consequences as severe ozone depletion and glaciation. Using a ram-pressure balance model that includes gravitational focusing of the interstellar flow, we compute the size of the astrosphere in the apex direction as a function of parent star mass. We derive a dependence on the parent-star mass M due to gravitational focusing for densities larger than about 100 (M/M⊙) −2 cm −3 . We calculate the interstellar densities required to descreen planets in the habit able zone of solarand subsolar-mass stars and find a critical descreening dens ity of roughly 600 (M/M⊙) −2 cm −3 for the Sun’s velocity relative to the local ISM. Finally, we estimate from ISM observations the frequency of descreening encounters as 1‐10 Gyr −1 for solar-type stars and 10 2 ‐10 9 times smaller for M
Towards a platform independent real-time panoramic vision based localisation system.

This paper demonstrates a proof of concept for a platform independent vision based localisation system that can be mounted on any mobile platform and operates in real-time. The system is able to globally localise given a pre-scanned 3D model of the environment. This is a deliberate deviation from the SLAM (Simultaneous Localisation and Mapping) approach because we are interested in global localisation, which assumes a map is readily available. A panoramic mirror and a webcam is used as the vision sensor. A particle filter is used for localisation. Typically, the particle filter requires odometry feedback from the mobile platform to know where to move the particles. This dependency is relocated to visual odometry from the camera, which provides rotation and translation feedback, reinforcing the concept of a portable and platform independent localisation system. Currently, our visual odometry does not provide metric values for translation, but instead derives it by assuming the platform moves at a some average speed. We suggest some solutions to this problem in the discussion. Our system is analogous to a GPS device but can operate in conditions where a GPS signal is not available and can provides greater accuracy than current consumer GPS.
Steering stability improvement of electric vehicle by DYC based on new target defination

This paper examines the feasibility of proposed control for independent four-wheel drive electric vehicle. According to vehicle longitudinal velocity and the tire-road condition, a new method to determine the target value, i.e., vehicle yaw rate and side slip angle, is presented. The effectiveness of the designed controller based on sliding mode control is investigated by simulations using a seven-degree-of-freedom dynamic model with a unified non-linear and non-steady tire model. The simulation results indicate a satisfactory handling performance through an external yaw moment which is achieved by sliding mode control strategy.
Send Orders of Reprints at Reprints@benthamscience.net Chemokine Contribution in Stem Cell Engraftment into the Infarcted Myocardium

Modern life styles have made cardiovascular disease the leading cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. Although current treatments substantially ameliorate patients' prognosis after MI, they cannot restore the affected tissue or entirely re-establish organ function. Therefore, the main goal of modern cardiology should be to design strategies to reduce myocardial necrosis and optimize cardiac repair following MI. Cell-based therapy was considered a novel and potentially new strategy in regenerative medicine; however, its clinical implementation has not yielded the expected results. Chemokines seem to increase the efficiency of cell-therapy and may represent a reliable method to be exploited in the future. This review surveys current knowledge of cell therapy and highlights key insights into the role of chemokines in stem cell engraftment in infarcted myocardium and their possible clinical implications.
EVOLUTION OF X-RAY SPECTRA AND LIGHT CURVES OF V1494 AQUILAE

We present six Chandra X-ray spectra and light curves obtained for the nova V1494 Aql (1999 No. 2) in outburst. The first three observations were taken with the Advanced CCD Imaging Spectrometer (ACIS-I) on days 134, 187, and 248 after outburst. The count rates were 1.00, 0.69, and 0.53 counts s−1, respectively. We found no significant periodicity in the ACIS light curves. The X-ray spectra show continuum emission and lines originating from N and O. We found acceptable spectral fits using isothermal APEC models with significantly increased elemental abundances of O and N for all observations. On day 248 after outburst a bright soft component appeared in addition to the fading emission lines. The Chandra observations on days 300, 304, and 727 were carried out with the High Resolution Camera/Low Energy Transmission Grating Spectrometer (LETGS). The spectra consist of continuum emission plus strong emission lines of O and N, implying a high abundance of these elements. On day 300, a flare occurred and periodic oscillations were detected in the light curves taken on days 300 and 304. This flare must have originated deep in the outflowing material since it was variable on short timescales. The spectra extracted immediately before and after the flare are remarkably similar, implying that the flare was an extremely isolated event. Our attempts to fit blackbody, cloudy, or APEC models to the LETGS spectra failed, owing to the difficulty in disentangling continuum and emission-line components. The spectrum extracted during the flare shows a significant increase in the strengths of many of the lines and the appearance of several previously undetected lines. In addition, some of the lines seen before and after the flare are not present during the flare. On day 727 only the count rate from the zeroth order could be derived, and the source was too faint for the extraction of a light curve or spectrum.
On the Beaten Path : Exploitation of Entities Interactions For Predicting Potential Link

We propose a new non-parametric link analysis algorithm tha t predicts a potential link between entities given a set of different relational pa tterns. The proposed method first represents different types of relations among entitie s by constructing the corresponding number of factorized matrices from the original en tity-by-relation matrices. The prediction of a possible link between entities is done by linearly summing the weighted distances in the latent spaces. A logistic regress ion is used to estimate regression coefficients of distances in the latent spaces. From the exp rimental comparisons with various algorithms, our algorithm performs best in pre cision and second-best in recall measure.
Author ' s personal copy Automated traceability analysis for UML model refinements

During iterative, UML-based software development, various UML diagrams, modeling the same system at different levels of abstraction are developed. These models must remain consistent when changes are performed. In this context, we refine the notion of impact analysis and distinguish horizontal impact analysis–that focuses on changes and impacts at one level of abstraction–from vertical impact analysis–that focuses on changes at one level of abstraction and their impacts on another level. Vertical impact analysis requires that some traceability links be established between model elements at the two levels of abstraction. We propose a traceability analysis approach for UML 2.0 class diagrams which is based on aion. We propose a traceability analysis approach for UML 2.0 class diagrams which is based on a careful formalization of changes to those models, refinements which are composed of those changes, and traceability links corresponding to refinements. We show how actual refinements and corresponding traceability links are formalized using the OCL. Tool support and a case study are also described. 2008 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
Memetic Algorithm: Hybridization of Hill Climbing with Selection Operator

Genetic Algorithms are the population based search and optimization technique that mimic the process of natural evolution. Premature Convergence and genetic drift are the inherent characteristics of genetic algorithms that make them incapable of finding global optimal solution. A memetic algorithm is an extension of genetic algorithm that incorporates the local search techniques within genetic operations so as to prevent the premature convergence and improve performance in case of NP-hard problems. This paper proposes a new memetic algorithm where hill climbing local search is applied to each individual selected after selection operation. The experiments have been conducted using four different benchmark functions and implementation is carried out using MATLAB. The function's result shows that the proposed memetic algorithm performs better than the genetic algorithm in terms of producing more optimal results and maintains balance between exploitation and exploration within the search space. Index Terms—benchmark functions, hybrid genetic algorithms, hill climbing, memetic algorithms.
I'm more driven now: Resilience and resistance among transgender and gender expansive youth and young adults experiencing homelessness

ABSTRACT Background : Little is known about the resilience strategies of transgender and gender expansive youth and young adults (YYA) experiencing homelessness. In addition to difficulties accessing trans-affirming supports and services, transgender and gender expansive YYA must contend with structural constraints and oppressive messages about who they are and who they can become. Despite these challenges, transgender and gender expansive YYA experiencing homelessness are finding innovative ways to resist the multiple and overlapping institutionalized challenges they face. Methods : This qualitative study examined the ways a group of transgender and gender expansive YYA demonstrate resilience and resist dominant narratives about what it means to be young, transgender and experiencing homelessness. Results : Two primary themes were identified through which transgender and gender expansive YYA experiencing homelessness demonstrated resilience in the midst of structural constraints and oppressive narratives about who they are and who they can become: personal agency and future orientation. Participants exercised personal agency through self-definition and making their own choices. They oriented themselves to future possibilities through positive meaning-making and re-visioning the meaning of home. Participants engaged in these acts of resilience and resistance despite receiving negative messages about themselves. Conclusions : Study findings illustrate the capacity of transgender and gender expansive YYA experiencing homelessness to reframe their challenges as positive experiences, integral to the people they have become or will be in the future. Findings point to the need to expand conceptualizations about people experiencing homelessness, and to utilize a strengths-based framework in practice and research.
A stakeholder-driven service life cycle model for SOA

Service-orientation is a relatively new paradigm aiming at developing software systems that are adaptive and dynamic. Service-oriented systems are developed by composing services that are shared across organizations. Because new roles and new development tasks are introduced in service-oriented development as opposed to traditional software engineering, a new approach to service life cycle management is required. In this paper, based on the observations of the state of the art in the field, we propose a stakeholder-driven service life cycle model for service oriented architecture (SOA). Horizontally, the model shows the activities that associated with the stakeholders in SOA. While vertically, the model shows the interactions and cooperation between the stakeholders. This model facilitates the researchers to gain further insight into service-oriented development and governance.
Neural basis of protracted developmental changes in visuo-spatial working memory

Developmental studies have shown that visuo-spatial working memory (VSWM) performance improves throughout childhood and adolescence into young adulthood. The neural basis of this protracted development is poorly understood. In this study, we used functional MRI (fMRI) to examine VSWM function in children, adolescents, and young adults, ages 7–22. Subjects performed a 2-back VSWM experiment that required dynamic storage and manipulation of spatial information. Accuracy and response latency on the VSWM task improved gradually, extending into young adulthood. Age-related increases in brain activation were observed in focal regions of the left and right dorsolateral prefrontal cortex, left ventrolateral prefrontal cortex (including Broca's area), left premotor cortex, and left and right posterior parietal cortex. Multiple regression analysis was used to examine the relative contributions of age, accuracy, and response latency on activation. Our analysis showed that age was the most significant predictor of activation in these brain regions. These findings provide strong evidence for a process of protracted functional maturation of bilateral fronto-parietal neural networks involved in VSWM development. At least two neural systems involved in VSWM mature together: (i) a right hemisphere visuo-spatial attentional system, and (ii) a left hemisphere phonological storage and rehearsal system. These observations suggest that visually and verbally mediated mnemonic processes, and their neural representations, develop concurrently during childhood and adolescence and into young adulthood.
Noncommutative field theory

We review the generalization of field theory to space-time with noncommuting coordinates, starting with the basics and covering most of the active directions of research. Such theories are now known to emerge from limits of M theory and string theory, and to describe quantum Hall states. In the last few years they have been studied intensively, and many qualitatively new phenomena have been discovered, both on the classical and quantum level. To appear in Reviews of Modern Physics.
Density Adaptive Urban Data Collection in Vehicular Sensor Networks

Research on vehicular sensor networks (VSNs) has drawn increasing attentions recently. By collecting data from onboard sensors and gathering them with VSNs, vehicles can serve as data sources for many applications such as intelligent transportation system, smart cities and etc. Existing data collection solutions in VSNs focused on temporal or spacial influence but did not address the influence of vehicle density. In this paper, we present a novel data collection solution for collecting data within a specific geographical region in urban scenario. The objective of proposed algorithm is to satisfy the specific requirement of applications by collecting certain number or ratio of data. It is able to adjust the required collection life cycle adaptively according to vehicle density. The mobility nature of vehicles determines that the topology of VSN is dynamic. To adapt with mobility, the algorithm is designed to be decentralized and stateless. Therefore, vehicles implementing this algorithm do not require neighboring information or link state. The network transmission latency is analytically characterized and modeled. Evaluations show that the results of the algorithm match the mathematical model well and outperforms existing protocols in terms of efficiency and effectiveness.
Tension analysis of cable-driven parallel mechanisms

A cable-driven parallel mechanism (CDPM) possesses a number of promising advantages over the conventional rigid-link mechanisms, such as simple and light-weight mechanical structure, high-loading capacity, and large workspace. However, the formulations and results obtained for the rigid-link mechanisms cannot be directly applied to CDPMs due to the unilateral property of cables. For a CDPM, cable tensions appear to be the most important part in analyzing kinetostatic issues such as stability, workspace, stiffness, etc. This paper mainly focuses on the tension analysis issue. The equilibrium constraints such as force-closure condition, feasible wrench condition and wrench set condition are addressed. Generic analysis approaches based on dimension reduction techniques, which are successfully implemented through computationally effective recursive algorithms, are proposed.
Behavioral Recovery in MPTP-Treated Monkeys: Neurochemical Mechanisms Studied by Intrastriatal Microdialysis

Parkinson's disease (PD) patients express motor symptoms only after 60–80% striatal dopamine (DA) depletion. The presymptomatic phase of the disease may be sustained by biochemical modifications within the striatum. We used an appropriate specific 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP) monkey model (Mounayar et al., 2007) to study the compensatory mechanisms operating in recovery from PD motor symptoms. We assessed the levels of DA and its metabolites (DOPAC, homovanillic acid), GABA, glutamate (Glu), serotonin (5-HT) and its metabolite (5HIAA) by repeated intracerebral microdialysis in awake animals before exposure to MPTP during full expression of the motor symptoms induced by MPTP and after recovery from these symptoms. Measurements were obtained from two functionally and anatomically different striatal areas: the associative-limbic territory and sensorimotor territory. Animals with motor symptoms displayed an extremely large decrease in levels of DA and its metabolites and an increase in Glu and GABA levels, as reported by other studies. However, we show here for the first time that serotonin levels increased in these animals. We found that increases in DA levels in the sensorimotor and/or associative-limbic territory and high levels of 5-HT and of its metabolite, 5HIAA, were associated with recovery from motor symptoms in this model. Determining whether similar changes in DA and 5-HT levels are involved in the compensatory mechanisms delaying the appearance of motor symptoms in the early stages of PD might make it possible to develop new treatment strategies for the disease.
Energy and data throughput for asymmetric inter-session network coding

In this paper we investigate the impact of asymmetric traffic patterns on the energy consumption and throughput in a wireless multi hop network. Network coding is a novel technique for communication systems and a viable solution for wireless multi hop networks. State of the art research is mainly focusing on ideal scenarios with symmetric traffic patterns that are not realistic in a real life scenario. The main contribution of this paper is the investigation of the asymmetric traffic patterns in terms of throughput and energy consumption, and a validation of these results by real measurements on commercial platforms. The outcome of this paper confirms the analytical expression, and the results shows that even with a large asymmetric data rate there is a gain in terms of energy consumption and throughput when network coding is applied in compare to the case when network coding is not applied.
Demonstration of Adaptive Functional Differences Seen in Kidneys Accompanying a Nonfunctioning/Hypofunctioning Partner, using Camera Based Tc 99m MAG3 Clearance Measurement Technique

Objective: The aim of this study was to demonstrate the functional compensation that occurs in kidneys which accompany a partner with total or partial loss of renal functioning mass, using camera-based Tc 99m MAG3 clearance technique. Material and Methods: Eighty five patients (43M, 42F, age: 44.8±12.6, range: 18-77 years) with normal serum creatinine levels and normal (<Grade 1) Tc 99m MAG3 renogram curves were enrolled for this retrospective study. Patients were grouped as having; group 1: solitary normal kidney (unilateral atrophied/agenetic) (n=23), group 2: normal kidney with contralateral hypoplasic/hypofunctioning kidney (split renal function<30%), (n=24), group 3: bilateral normal kidneys (n=38). The measured camera based Tc 99m MAG3 clearances of normal kidneys in each group were compared. Results: Total Tc 99m MAG3 clearances (mL/min/1.73m2) were significantly lower in group 1 and group 2 compared to group 3 (281.5±46, 260.5±61.7 and 316.1±84, respectively). Highest isolated Tc 99m MAG3 clearances among normal functioning kidneys were observed in group 1 (281.5±45.6) followed by group 2 (204.4±55) and group 3 (157.5±44). Moderate negative correlation was detected between the Tc99m MAG3 clearances of normal kidneys and contralateral renal function (r=-0.5, p<0.001). Conclusion: Normal kidneys can compensate for the loss of contralateral kidney function via increasing their clearances, which seems to be dependent on the residual function of their partner. Camera based Tc 99m MAG3 clearance measurement is an objective method to demonstrate compensatory differences in renal function seen between kidneys with contralateral normofunctioning, hypofunctioning and nonfunctioning partner. Conflict of interest:None declared.
Within pair association between birth weight and blood pressure at age 8 in twins from a cohort study

Abstract Objectives: To study the association between birth weight and blood pressure in children from multiple pregnancies (multiplets), mostly twins, to determine whether maternal or genetic factors are responsible for the association. Design: Cohort study. Setting: Southern Tasmania. Subjects: 888 children including 104 multiplets (32 monozygotic, 72 dizygotic). Main outcome measure: Systolic blood pressure (mm Hg). Results: Blood pressure decreased with birth weight and increased with current body mass. After adjustment for age and body mass, systolic blood pressure changed by −1.94 mm Hg (95% confidence interval −2.89 to −0.98) per 1 kg increase in birth weight of singletons. For multiplets, blood pressure changed by −7.0 mm Hg (−10.1 to −3.9) for each 1 kg increase in birth weight. This was little altered in within pair analyses (−5.3, −13.8 to 3.2) and was similar for both monozygotic (−6.5, −22.5 to 9.4) and dizygotic (−4.9, −15.8 to 6.0) pairs. Conclusion: Because the association between birth weight and blood pressure was largely unchanged in within pair analyses, exposures originating in the mother (such as nutritional status) cannot be wholly responsible. The association also remained within monozygotic pairs, suggesting that genetic predisposition is not wholly responsible either. The principal causal pathway must concern mechanisms within the fetoplacental unit. The stronger association in multiplets suggests that factors adversely influencing both blood pressure and birth weight are more prevalent in multiple pregnancies. Key messages Low birthweight is associated with high blood pressure from an early age Maternal factors, including diet during pregnancy, cannot wholly explain the association between fetal development and later risk of cardiovascular disease Because the association between blood pressure and birthweight remained in monozygotic twins, genetic factors are unlikely to be responsible for the association Important causes of the association seem to be operating within the fetoplacental unit during fetal life Further research should now focus on placental function and fetal exposures