Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Implantology and Periodontal Disease: The Panacea to Problem Solving?

Introduction: The specialty of periodontology has changed dramatically in recent years. With the long-standing goal of retaining teeth in a functional and esthetical state, the periodontology has developed a high level of expertise in the regeneration of bone and connective tissues that support the teeth. However, periodontists have also joined maxillofacial surgeons as the primary providers of implant surgery. Methods: The tremendous innovations of periodontists induced also by the marketplace resulted in predictable periodontal treatment outcomes for most patients by the implants led to a dramatically different marketplace in which many patients with periodontitis can be treated by the implants rather than the traditional periodontal treatment. Results: The aim of this article is to focus on the innovator’s dilemma for periodontists today is that key elements of our rewarding contributions to dentistry in recent decades are unlikely to be part of a strong and rewarding future for the profession. Conclusions: With the intriguing role of the personalized medicine approach that integrates genomic and clinical information to predict a possible predisposition, we do not suggest a reduced role for periodontists in dental implant surgery but rather a more prominent role in complex cases to achieve surgical implant needs and proper reconstruction and long-term maintenance of the patient’s health.
Circadian rhythm of metabolic oscillation in suprachiasmatic nucleus depends on the mitochondrial oxidation state, reflected by cytochrome C oxidase and lactate dehydrogenase

Metabolic activity in the suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN), a center of biological rhythm, is higher during the daytime than at night. The rhythmic oscillation in the SCN is feedback controlled by the Clock/Bmal1 heterodimer binding to the E‐box in target genes (e.g., Arg‐vasopressin). Similar transcriptional regulation by Npas2/Bmal1 heterodimer formation operates in the brain, which is dependent on the redox state (i.e., NAD/NADH). To clarify the metabolic function of SCN in relation to the redox state and glycolysis levels, we measured glucose, lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), LDH mRNA, and cytochrome C oxidase, energy‐producing biochemical materials from mitochondria/cytosol, in rats kept under a light‐dark cycle. Mitochondrial cytochrome C oxidase activity, measured by the changes in absorption at 550 nm, was higher during the light period than during the dark period. Glucose concentration was higher during the light period. In contrast, LDH and its coding mRNA were higher during the dark period. Mitochondrial aggregation, which is reflected by mitochondrial membrane potential, indexed by JC‐1 fluorescence, was higher during the light period. The results indicate that the glycolysis energy pathway in the SCN, which exhits higher metabolic activity during the day than at night, might be involved in the generation of circadian rhythm. © 2011 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Honeybee navigation: critically examining the role of the polarization compass

Although it is widely accepted that honeybees use the polarized-light pattern of the sky as a compass for navigation, there is little direct evidence that this information is actually sensed during flight. Here, we ask whether flying bees can obtain compass cues derived purely from polarized light, and communicate this information to their nest-mates through the ‘waggle dance’. Bees, from an observation hive with vertically oriented honeycombs, were trained to fly to a food source at the end of a tunnel, which provided overhead illumination that was polarized either parallel to the axis of the tunnel, or perpendicular to it. When the illumination was transversely polarized, bees danced in a predominantly vertical direction with waggles occurring equally frequently in the upward or the downward direction. They were thus using the polarized-light information to signal the two possible directions in which they could have flown in natural outdoor flight: either directly towards the sun, or directly away from it. When the illumination was axially polarized, the bees danced in a predominantly horizontal direction with waggles directed either to the left or the right, indicating that they could have flown in an azimuthal direction that was 90° to the right or to the left of the sun, respectively. When the first half of the tunnel provided axial illumination and the second half transverse illumination, bees danced along all of the four principal diagonal directions, which represent four equally likely locations of the food source based on the polarized-light information that they had acquired during their journey. We conclude that flying bees are capable of obtaining and signalling compass information that is derived purely from polarized light. Furthermore, they deal with the directional ambiguity that is inherent in polarized light by signalling all of the possible locations of the food source in their dances, thus maximizing the chances of recruitment to it.
Morphometry and Patterns of Lamellar Bone in Human Haversian Systems

The lamellar architecture of secondary osteons (Haversian systems) has been studied with scanning electron microscopy (SEM) in transverse sections of human cortical bone. Na3PO4 etching was used to improve the resolution of the interface between neighboring lamellae and the precision of measurements. These technical improvements permitted testing of earlier morphometry assumptions concerning lamellar thickness while revealing the existence of different lamellar patterns. The mean lamellar thickness was 9.0 ± 2.13 μm, thicker and with a wider range of variation with respect to earlier measurements. The number of lamellae showed a direct correlation with the lamellar bone area, and their thickness had a random distribution for osteonal size classes. The circular, concentrical pattern was the more frequently observed, but spiral and crescent‐moon‐shaped lamellae were also documented. Selected osteons were examined by either SEM or SEM combined with polarized light microscopy allowing comparisons of corresponding sectors of the osteon. The bright bands observed with polarized light corresponded to the grooves observed in etched sections by SEM. The dark bands corresponded to the lamellar surface with the cut fibrils oriented approximately longitudinally along the central canal axis. However, lamellae with large and blurred bright bands could be observed, which did not correspond to a groove observed by SEM. These findings are in contrast with the assumption that all the fibril layers within a lamella are oriented along a constant and unchangeable angle. The different lamellar patterns may be explained by the synchronous or staggered recruitment and activation of osteoblasts committed to the osteon's completion. Anat Rec, 2012. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Towards a unifying view on security contracts

A key property of software component technology is predictability, which means that the properties of an overall system can be deduced from the properties of the individual components. One of the crucial building blocks in component technology is the notion of component contract. In order to leverage predictability for the construction of secure systems, security requirements and properties must be adequately supported by component contracts, which is currently a challenging and open problem. This paper provides an overview of the problem domain by presenting an initial taxonomy of security contracts and their representative security properties.
Periodic direct current does not promote wound closure in an in vitro dynamic model of cell migration.

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE A prevailing paradigm is that electrical fields can promote cell migration and tissue healing. To further validate this paradigm, we tested the hypothesis that periodic direct current (DC) can enhance wound closure using an in vitro dynamic model of cell migration. METHODS AND RESULTS Layers of primary fibroblasts were wounded and treated with DC under various voltages. Repair area, cell velocity, and directionality as well as lamellipodium area were evaluated at different times. Direct current had no beneficial effect on cell migration. Moreover, prolonged stimulation under the highest voltage led to significant reduction in wound closure and cell velocity. The reduction of membrane protusions in stimulated cells may be associated with the deleterious effect of DC. DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION Contrary to the authors' expectations, they found that periodic DC did not promote wound closure, a finding that emphasizes the need to clarify the complex effects of electrical fields on migrating cells.
How to write a paper

I. Pre-Writing/Information Gathering Step At the start of the writing process, the writer needs to make sure that he/she understands what his/her teacher’s expectations are for this particular assignment. Then he/she needs to develop a topic, focus statement (thesis) and do research A. Brainstorming This is a great step that helps get the brain going. Basically in a list format write down all the ideas that come into the writer’s mind. Brainstorming can be useful in generating ideas for a paper as well as for points to support and explain each point. Below is an example of a student’s brainstorming list over possible topics for a health sciences course research paper:
I/O Attacks in Intel PC-based Architectures and Countermeasures

For a few years now, attacks involving I/O controllers have been subject to a growing interest. Unlocking smart phones and game consoles through USB connections, or bypassing authentication through Fire Wire are examples of such attacks. Our study focuses on I/O-based attacks targeting Intel PC-based information systems such as laptop or desktop computers. This paper provides a survey of such attacks and proposes a characterization and a classification of these attacks. Then, an overview of various techniques which mitigate the risks related to I/O attacks are described and their respective limitations are discussed. Finally, several I/O attacks we are currently investigating are presented.
HAMSTER: Using Search Clicklogs for Schema and Taxonomy Matching

We address the problem of unsupervised matching of schema information from a large number of data sources into the schema of a data warehouse. The matching process is the first step of a framework to integrate data feeds from third-party data providers into a structured-search engine's data warehouse. Our experiments show that traditional schema-based and instance-based schema matching methods fall short. We propose a new technique based on the search engine's clicklogs. Two schema elements are matched if the distribution of keyword queries that cause click-throughs on their instances are similar. We present experiments on large commercial datasets that show the new technique has much better accuracy than traditional techniques.
58.3: A Solid‐state Multi‐planar Volumetric Display

The DepthCube™ 3D display is a solid‐state multi‐planar volumetric display system in which a DLP based high speed projector projects slices of the 3D scene onto a stack of LC scattering shutters acting as an electronically controlled projection volume. The scattering shutters are based on Polymer Stabilized Cholesteric Texture material. Highly continuous appearing 3D images are obtained through multi‐planar anti‐aliasing.
Model-Based Methodology for Requirements Traceability in Embedded Systems

We present a model-based methodology for requirements traceability proposed in the framework of the MeMVaTEx project. The methodology relies on the EAST-ADL language and the two UML 2.0 profiles:MARTE for real-time embedded systems, and SysML for system requirements modeling. Along the paper, we illustrate the proposed methodology by an automotive case study, namely a knock controller, focusing on the time aspects of the requirements specified with the MARTE UML 2.0 profile. We explain how to define the requirements according to a proposed classification, and we present the tracing mechanisms based on the SysML UML 2.0 profile. Finally, we describe the proposed MeMVaTEx methodology which extends the EAST-ADL methodology in order to take into consideration the expression of requirements, and their traceability along the life cycle.
Friedgut-Kalai-Naor Theorem for Slices of the Boolean Cube

The Friedgut--Kalai--Naor theorem states that if a Boolean function $f\colon \{0,1\}^n \to \{0,1\}$ is close (in $L^2$-distance) to an affine function $\ell(x_1,.,x_n) = c_0 + \sum_i c_i x_i$, then $f$ is close to a Boolean affine function (which necessarily depends on at most one coordinate). We prove a similar theorem for functions defined over $\binom{[n]}{k} = \{(x_1,.,x_n) \in \{0,1\}^n : \sum_i x_i = k \}$.
Heme-Induced Biomarkers Associated with Red Meat Promotion of colon Cancer Are Not Modulated by the Intake of Nitrite

Red and processed meat consumption is associated with the risk of colorectal cancer. Three hypotheses are proposed to explain this association, via heme-induced oxidation of fat, heterocyclic amines, or N-nitroso compounds. Rats have often been used to study these hypotheses, but the lack of enterosalivary cycle of nitrate in rats casts doubt on the relevance of this animal model to predict nitroso- and heme-associated human colon carcinogenesis. The present study was thus designed to clarify whether a nitrite intake that mimics the enterosalivary cycle can modulate heme-induced nitrosation and fat peroxidation. This study shows that, in contrast with the starting hypothesis, drinking water added with nitrite to mimic the salivary nitrite content did not change the effect of hemoglobin on biochemical markers linked to colon carcinogenesis, notably lipid peroxidation and cytotoxic activity in the colon of rat. However, ingested sodium nitrite increased fecal nitroso-compounds level, but their fecal concentration and their nature (iron-nitrosyl) would probably not be associated with an increased risk of cancer. We thus suggest that the rat model could be relevant for study the effect of red meat on colon carcinogenesis, in spite of the lack of nitrite in the saliva of rats.
Characteristics of laboratory markers in alcohol-related organ damage.

In the evaluation of a patient with either an incidental finding of pathologic laboratory values pointing to alcohol-related organ damage or with more advanced symptoms requiring hospitalization, the history of heavy alcohol intake before hospital admission is strongly suggestive of an alcoholic etiology for the disease. Simplified screening questions and questionnaires may improve the information (for references, see Ref. 1). They identify rather well severe alcoholism with its dismal social consequences, but in the evaluation of a heavy drinker's personal drinking history they are often unreliable. Therefore the search for laboratory markers of heavy drinking (1,2) and/or for the differentiation between alcohol-related and non-alcoholic organ damage (3) has been active during recent years.
Texture-based color constancy using local regression

Color constancy endows the machines with the ability of identifying the color regardless of the illuminant. Considering none of single algorithms available is universal, this paper presents a novel combination approach based on local texture features and local regression. To better represent images, local texture features based on integratedWeibull distribution are firstly extracted on the overlapping patches of the images. Then we define a new image distance metric to search for K most similar images of the test image. Incorporating a priori knowledge into the data-driven strategy, we finally combine individual algorithms using a local penalized regression according to the frequency ratio of best single algorithms. Experiment on a widely used dataset shows that the proposed approach outperforms the state-of-the-art single algorithms as well as popular combination approaches.
A model for strength and strain analysis of steel fiber reinforced concrete

Abstract The article proposes a model for strength and stain analysis of steel fiber reinforced concrete (SFRC). The model is based on general principles for creating and modelling structural composites and on reinforced concrete code. Differently from other examples, the elastic and plastic properties of the components (concrete and steel) of the introduced model are directly taken into account. The model gives an opportunity to determine tension and compression strength, the elasticity modulus of fiber concrete and the main parameters of its elasticity and plasticity. A good agreement between the obtained results and those of experiments performed by other investigators was confirmed. Differences between the ratios of theoretical and experimental values are insignificant and vary within the limits of 1.06–1.10. This model may be used for the analysis of reinforced concrete members reinforced by steel fibers (SFRC) in a dispersible way assuming stress distribution diagrams.
Stochastic games with branching-time winning objectives

We consider stochastic turn-based games where the winning objectives are given by formulae of the branching-time logic PCTL. These games are generally not determined and winning strategies may require memory and or randomization. Our main results concern history-dependent strategies. In particular, we show that the problem whether there exists a history-dependent winning strategy in 1frac12-player games is highly undecidable, even for objectives formulated in the Lscr(F<sup>=5/8 </sup>,F<sup>=1</sup>,F<sup>>0</sup>,G<sup>=1</sup>) fragment of PCTL. On the other hand, we show that the problem becomes decidable (and in fact EXPTIME-complete) for the Lscr(F<sup>=1</sup>,F<sup>>0</sup>,G<sup>=1</sup>) fragment of PCTL, where winning strategies require only finite memory. This result is tight in the sense that winning strategies for Lscr(F<sup>=1</sup>,F<sup>>0</sup>,G<sup>=1</sup>,G<sup>>0 </sup>) objectives may already require infinite memory
Asset Pricing with Heterogeneous Preferences

Finding a stochastic discount factor that is robust to model misspecification is not trivial. I consider a general equilibrium model with many agents who can invest their wealth in many assets. As long as (i) agents have (individual-, time-, and state-dependent) recursive preferences that are homothetic in current consumption and continuation value with a common relative risk aversion coefficient and (ii) asset returns and individual state variables are conditionally independent (e.g., GARCH processes), I prove that the th power of market return is a valid stochastic discount factor. Within this class of models, asset prices are determined by relative risk aversion and technology alone, and “returns-based asset pricing” is robust to model misspecification as opposed to the consumption-based approach. Using the historical returns on portfolios of U.S. stocks sorted by size and book-to-market value, I find that a relative risk aversion coefficient of around 2 explains asset returns. The conditionaland unconditional moment restrictions are not rejected. I recast the equity premium puzzle as a macroeconomics puzzle, not as a finance puzzle.
New Learning of Music after Bilateral Medial Temporal Lobe Damage: Evidence from an Amnesic Patient

Damage to the hippocampus impairs the ability to acquire new declarative memories, but not the ability to learn simple motor tasks. An unresolved question is whether hippocampal damage affects learning for music performance, which requires motor processes, but in a cognitively complex context. We studied learning of novel musical pieces by sight-reading in a newly identified amnesic, LSJ, who was a skilled amateur violist prior to contracting herpes simplex encephalitis. LSJ has suffered virtually complete destruction of the hippocampus bilaterally, as well as extensive damage to other medial temporal lobe structures and the left anterior temporal lobe. Because of LSJ’s rare combination of musical training and near-complete hippocampal destruction, her case provides a unique opportunity to investigate the role of the hippocampus for complex motor learning processes specifically related to music performance. Three novel pieces of viola music were composed and closely matched for factors contributing to a piece’s musical complexity. LSJ practiced playing two of the pieces, one in each of the two sessions during the same day. Relative to a third unpracticed control piece, LSJ showed significant pre- to post-training improvement for the two practiced pieces. Learning effects were observed both with detailed analyses of correctly played notes, and with subjective whole-piece performance evaluations by string instrument players. The learning effects were evident immediately after practice and 14 days later. The observed learning stands in sharp contrast to LSJ’s complete lack of awareness that the same pieces were being presented repeatedly, and to the profound impairments she exhibits in other learning tasks. Although learning in simple motor tasks has been previously observed in amnesic patients, our results demonstrate that non-hippocampal structures can support complex learning of novel musical sequences for music performance.
Electroconvulsive Therapy in the Eyes of Undergraduate Nursing Students

Despite the fact that electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) is an established safe and effective procedure, its use has continued to attract controversy with considerable stigma associated with it. This often overshadows the established effectiveness. Poor knowledge, negative attitude and bias towards ECT by the nurses may translate to poor education and support to patients from whom they are expected to obtain informed consent before an ECT procedure. This study assessed the perception of undergraduate nursing students of a Nigerian university about ECT. A total of 81 students who had completed all relevant lectures and practical/clinical exposures in psychiatry as prescribed in their academic curricular participated in the study. All the consenting students were administered the socio-demographic questionnaire and modified questionnaire on attitude and knowledge of electroconvulsive therapy (QuAKE). Majority of the students responded appropriately to the principal uses of ECT. Few believed that ECT was an out-moded form of treatment, that the procedure was cruel and barbaric, that psychiatrists who still administered ECT were wicked and not responsible physicians, and that it caused permanent brain damage. The total mean score of the students was 7.53 ± 2.65. Fifty eight (71.6%) students observed an ECT procedure and followed up the patients during the posting. They scored 7.17 ± 2.55 while 23 (28.4%) students who had not observed the procedure scored 6.98 ± 1.92 on the QuAKE (t = -0.36, p = 0.72). Thirty one (38.3%) students who would accept the procedure if indicated scored 7.14 ± 2.21 while 50 (61.7%) of them who would not allow ECT carried out on them scored 6.88 ± 1.96 (t = 0.56, p = 0.58). The mean score of 29 (35.8%) students who might pursue psychiatry as a career was 8.10 ± 1.90 while 52 (64.2%) of them who would not specialise in psychiatry scored 6.05 ± 1.79 (t = 5.00, p
Experiences with Streaming Construction of SAH KD-Trees

A major reason for the recent advancements in ray tracing performance is the use of optimized acceleration structures, namely kd-trees based on the surface area heuristic (SAH). Though algorithms exist to build these search trees in O(n log n), the construction times for larger scenes are still high and do not allow for rebuilding the kd-tree every frame to support dynamic changes. In this paper we propose modifications to previous kd-tree construction algorithms that significantly increase the coherence of memory accesses during construction of the kd-tree. Additionally we provide theoretical and practical results regarding conservatively sub-sampling of the SAH cost function