Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Removing 1/f noise stripes in cosmic microwave background anisotropy observations

Removal of systematic eects is crucial in present and future CMB experiments mapping large fraction of the sky. Accurate CMB measurements ask for multi-feed array instruments observing the sky with a redundant scanning strategy covering the same sky region on dierent time scales and with dierent detectors for a better control of systematic eects. We investigate the capability to suppress 1=f noise features in Time Ordered Data (TOD) by using the destriping technique described in Maino et al. (1999), under realistic assumptions for crossing condition between dierent scan circles and sky signal fluctuations on small angular scales. We perform, as aw orking case,Planck-LFI simulated observations with few arcminutes pixel size convolved with LFI beam resolutions. In the noiseless case for crossing condition based on pixels with side larger than the input one, the destriping algorithm inserts extra-noise in the nal map of the order of Ki n rms and fewK in peak-to-peak amplitude at 30 GHz. However including instrumental noise (white and 1=f noise) in the TOD, the impact of the sky signal on the destriping is found to be very small. In addition, for crossing condition based on pixels with side half of the one of the nal map (typically1/3 of the FWHM), we nd only a small improvement (1% level) in the destriping quality with respect to the case when crossings are searched on pixels with same size of the nal map one. We can conclude that the receiver noise is the driver for destriping quality. We extend the analysis to high values of the knee frequency and nd that, although signicantly suppressed by destriping, the residual additional noise rms is31% larger than the pure white noise rms at fk = 1 Hz which could be a critical issue in the extraction of CMB angular power spectrum. We veried that the approximation of the 1=f noise on averaged scan circles as a single baseline still works well even for these high values of the knee frequency. Furthermore, by comparing simulations with dierent noise levels and dierent sampling rates, we nd that the destriping quality does not signicantly depend on the receiver sensitivity whereas it improves proportionally to the improvement of sampling rate. Therefore given a noise level, the higher the sampling rate, the better the destriping quality. This paper is based upon Planck-LFI activities.
Analyse comparative du profil développemental de jeunes enfants dépistés "à risque autistique" : valeur prédictive de l'indice d'hétérogénéité du développement global, socio-émotionnel et cognitif sur le diagnostic à 5 ans

Objectif : cette etude vise a analyser le profil developpemental de jeunes enfants avec troubles envahissants du developpement (TED) et a etudier la valeur predictive du degre d'heterogeneite du developpement global, socio-emotionnel et cognitif mesure a la batterie d'evaluation cognitive et socio-emotionnelle (BECS) a 3 ans, sur le diagnostic a 5 ans. Methode : dans cette etude de type retrospectif, 16 enfants depistes "a risque autistique" ont ete evalues grâce a la BECS et ont beneficie d'une seconde evaluation a l'aide de l'Autism Diagnostic Interview-Revised et de l'Autism Diagnostic Observation Schedule-Generic : 11 ont un diagnostic d'autisme typique et 5 un diagnostic de troubles envahissants du developpement non specifies (TED-NOS). Resultats : l'heterogeneite du developpement avant 3 ans, dans le sens d'une heterogeneite cognitive plus marquee, est une caracteristique de la population des enfants TED au sens large. Cependant, les trois indices d'heterogeneite du developpement ne different pas significativement entre les enfants AT et les TED-NOS. Conclusion et perspectives : le degre d'heterogeneite du developpement global a 3 ans, bien que non predictif du diagnostic d'AT a 5 ans, peut neanmoins etre considere comme un "signal d'alerte". En outre, le niveau de developpement cognitif, significativement superieur a celui du developpement socio-emotionnel dans les deux groupes, vient renforcer l'idee d'urgence a la mise en place de prises en charge precoces, a un âge ou le retard n'est pas encore fixe.
Light-regulated translation of chloroplast proteins. I. Transcripts of psaA-psaB, psbA, and rbcL are associated with polysomes in dark-grown and illuminated barley seedlings

We have previously observed (Klein, R. R., and J. E. Mullet, 1986, J. Biol. Chem. 261:11138-11145) that translation of two 65-70-kD chlorophyll a-apoproteins of Photosystem I (gene products of psaA and psaB) and a 32-kD quinone-binding protein of Photosystem II (gene product of psbA) was not detected in plastids of dark-grown barley seedlings even though transcripts for these proteins were present. In the present study it was found that nearly all of the psaA-psaB transcripts in plastids of dark-grown plants were associated with membrane-bound polysomes. Membrane-associated polysomes from plastids of dark-grown plants synthesized the 65-70-kD chlorophyll a-apoproteins at low levels when added to a homologous in vitro translation extract capable of translation elongation. However, when etioplast membranes were disrupted with detergent, in vitro synthesis of the 65-70-kD chlorophyll a-apoproteins increased to levels observed with polysomes of plastids from illuminated plants. These results suggest that synthesis of the chlorophyll a-apoproteins of Photosystem I is arrested on membrane-bound polysomes at the level of polypeptide chain elongation. In addition to the selective activation of chlorophyll a- apoprotein translation, illumination also caused an increase in chloroplast polysomes (membrane-associated and stromal) and induced a recruitment of psbA and rbcL transcripts into chloroplast polysomes. These results indicate that in conjunction with the selective activation of chlorophyll a-apoprotein elongation, illumination also caused a general stimulation of chloroplast translation initiation.
Self assessment in continuous professional development: a valuable tool for individual physicians and scientific societies

Objectives: To assess the appreciation of self assessment (SA) by multiple choice question (MCQ) tests during continuous professional development (CPD) meetings and to evaluate the attitude towards the option of recertification. Methods: A questionnaire was completed at a meeting of the Swiss Societies of Rheumatology and Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation in 2003 (response rate 94.9% (223/235)). Results: 60.9% of members found SA useful to assess rheumatological knowledge by MCQ tests; 71.3% thought it motivating to receive an anonymous feedback; 47.2% wanted an additional individualised feedback; 70.8% asked for SA to be continued every 2 years during CPD sessions; 26.3% favoured the option of recertification with identical standards to the Swiss certifying examination in rheumatology. Physicians in private practice less often chose the option of recertification than physicians employed by hospitals (OR = 2.09, 95% CI 1.03 to 4.18). No correlations between the type and duration of specialisation, personal reading time, frequency of attendance at CPD meetings, sex of the members, and the choices made were found. Conclusions: SA by MCQ tests during CPD meetings is highly accepted by Swiss rheumatologists. This reliable, valid, and economic method of learning needs assessment enables individual physicians and scientific societies to plan educational with specific goals in mind.
Serum Neuroinflammatory Disease-Induced Central Nervous System Proteins Predict Clinical Onset of Experimental Autoimmune Encephalomyelitis

There is an urgent need in multiple sclerosis (MS) patients to develop biomarkers and laboratory tests to improve early diagnosis, predict clinical relapses, and optimize treatment responses. In healthy individuals, the transport of proteins across the blood–brain barrier (BBB) is tightly regulated, whereas, in MS, central nervous system (CNS) inflammation results in damage to neuronal tissues, disruption of BBB integrity, and potential release of neuroinflammatory disease-induced CNS proteins (NDICPs) into CSF and serum. Therefore, changes in serum NDICP abundance could serve as biomarkers of MS. Here, we sought to determine if changes in serum NDICPs are detectable prior to clinical onset of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) and, therefore, enable prediction of disease onset. Importantly, we show in longitudinal serum specimens from individual mice with EAE that pre-onset expression waves of synapsin-2, glutamine synthetase, enolase-2, and synaptotagmin-1 enable the prediction of clinical disease with high sensitivity and specificity. Moreover, we observed differences in serum NDICPs between active and passive immunization in EAE, suggesting hitherto not appreciated differences for disease induction mechanisms. Our studies provide the first evidence for enabling the prediction of clinical disease using serum NDICPs. The results provide proof-of-concept for the development of high-confidence serum NDICP expression waves and protein biomarker candidates for MS.
Tropical canine pancytopenia: Clinical, hematologic, and serologic response of dogs to Ehrlichia canis infection, tetracycline therapy, and challenge inoculation.

For further elucidation of the pathogenesis of tropical canine pancytopenia (TCP), 14 German shepherd dogs were evaluated following infection with Ehrlichia canis, therapy with tetracycline, and challenge inoculation. Nine dogs developed severe chronic TCP, characterized by severe pancytopenia, hemorrhage, and secondary bacterial infection. In all dogs antibody titers increased for more than 80 days after infection, and all dogs developed hypergammaglobulinemia. Prolonged and incomplete hematologic recovery followed termination of infection by tetracycline therapy in dogs with severe chronic disease. After treatment levels of serum y-globulin returned to normal. A second inoculation of treated dogs with E. canis resulted in reinfection and hypergammaglobulinemia, but with variable increases in serum antibody. Results indicate that aplastic anemia may be important in the pathogenesis of severe chronic TCP, and that increasing antibody titers and hypergammaglobulinemia reflect persistent infection with E. canis. Differences in response to challenge may reflect underlying immunologic differences between dogs with severe disease and those that do not become seriously ill.
Validity of diagnostic coding within the General Practice Research Database: a systematic review.

BACKGROUND The UK-based General Practice Research Database (GPRD) is a valuable source of longitudinal primary care records and is increasingly used for epidemiological research. AIM To conduct a systematic review of the literature on accuracy and completeness of diagnostic coding in the GPRD. DESIGN OF STUDY Systematic review. METHOD Six electronic databases were searched using search terms relating to the GPRD, in association with terms synonymous with validity, accuracy, concordance, and recording. A positive predictive value was calculated for each diagnosis that considered a comparison with a gold standard. Studies were also considered that compared the GPRD with other databases and national statistics. RESULTS A total of 49 papers are included in this review. Forty papers conducted validation of a clinical diagnosis in the GPRD. When assessed against a gold standard (validation using GP questionnaire, primary care medical records, or hospital correspondence), most of the diagnoses were accurately recorded in the patient electronic record. Acute conditions were not as well recorded, with positive predictive values lower than 50%. Twelve papers compared prevalence or consultation rates in the GPRD against other primary care databases or national statistics. Generally, there was good agreement between disease prevalence and consultation rates between the GPRD and other datasets; however, rates of diabetes and musculoskeletal conditions were underestimated in the GPRD. CONCLUSION Most of the diagnoses coded in the GPRD are well recorded. Researchers using the GPRD may want to consider how well the disease of interest is recorded before planning research, and consider how to optimise the identification of clinical events.
Physiology in perspective: The Wisdom of the Body. Neural control of the kidney.

Cannon equated the fluid matrix of the body with Bernard's concept of the internal environment and emphasized the importance of "the safe-guarding of an effective fluid matrix. " He further emphasized the important role of the autonomic nervous system in the establishment and maintenance of homeostasis in the internal environment. This year's Cannon Lecture discusses the important role of the renal sympathetic nerves to regulate various aspects of overall renal function and to serve as one of the major "self-regulatory agencies which operate to preserve the constancy of the fluid matrix. "
A framework for constructing cognition ontologies using 3 WordNet, FrameNet, and SUMO

11 Psychoinformatics is an emerging discipline that uses tools from the information sciences to organize psychological data. This article 12 supports that objective by proposing a framework for constructing cognition ontologies by using WordNet, FrameNet, and the Sug-13 gested Upper Merged Ontology (SUMO). The ﬁ rst section describes the major characteristics of each of these tools. WordNet is a large 14 lexical data base that was begun in the 1980s by George Miller. FrameNet is a database of event schemas based on a theory of frame 15 semantics developed by the linguist Charles Fillmore. SUMO is a formal ontology of concepts expressed in mathematical logic that sup-16 ports deductive reasoning. The next section discusses the objectives of science ontologies and includes examples for psychoses and for 17 emotion. The article then describes potential applications of cognition ontologies for (1) studying how people organize knowledge, 18 (2) analyzing major theoretical concepts such as abstraction, and (3) formulating premises that can serve as a link between informal taxo-19 nomies and formal ontologies. The ﬁ nal section discusses extending cognition ontologies to related domains such as arti ﬁ cial intelligence 20 and cognitive neuroscience. 21 �
Peer review audit of occupational health reports--process and outcomes.

BACKGROUND Peer review is widely used in the selection and publication of scientific research. Its application in clinical practice is emerging, particularly with increased emphasis on clinical governance and the imminent introduction of revalidation. AIMS To formalize our peer review process of occupational health (OH) reports and formally assess the outcomes of this process. METHODS A prospective internal audit was carried out of all peer reviewed OH reports between June and August 2010. An abbreviated assessment form, based on Questions 4-12 of the Sheffield Assessment Instrument for Letters (SAIL) was utilized. The report was assessed using the abbreviated SAIL, with one of four possible outcome options-no action, no changes made to report following discussion with author, changes made without discussion with author and changes made following discussion with author. RESULTS The audit identified that 27% of OH reports required modifications. Eighteen per cent were related to typographical errors, spelling, grammar and administrative fields being incomplete. Nine per cent were related to more complex reasons, most commonly, all the manager's questions not being addressed, review arrangements not being clear and the report not being clear and understandable to the intended readership. CONCLUSIONS Peer review can be a useful tool in improving the standard of OH reports, specifically picking up minor errors and potentially more significant areas of concern. It can also be a valuable educational tool in terms of personal feedback, benchmarking and exposure to different styles of report writing.
Bounds on option prices for semimartingale market models

We propose a methodology for the determination of the range of option prices of a European option in a general semimartingale market model, with a convex payoff function. Prices are obtained as expectations along the set of equivalent martingale measures. Since the set of prices is an interval on the real line, two main questions are considered: (i) how to find upper and lower estimates for the range of prices, and (ii) how to establish the attainability of these estimates. To solve the first question, we introduce a partial ordering in the set of distributions of the discounted stock prices (adapted from the theory of statistical experiments), which allows us to find extremal distributions and, correspondingly, upper and lower bounds for the range of option prices. Weak convergence of probability measures is used to answer the second question, whether the bounds obtained at the first step are exact. Exploiting stochastic calculus, we give answers to both questions in (the most natural for this problem) terms of predictable characteristics of the stochastic logarithm of the discounted stock price process. Particular attention is given to two examples: discrete time and diffusion with jumps market models. ∗The first author’s research was partially supported by INTAS Grant 97-30204. †Steklov Mathematical Institute, Moscow, Russia ‡Facultad de Ciencias, Centro de Matematica, Montevideo, Uruguay
Enumerative geometry for the real Grassmannian of lines in projective space

For any collection of Schubert conditions on lines in projective space which generically determine a finite number of lines, we show there exist real generic conditions determining the expected number of real lines. This extends the classical Schubert calculus of enumerative geometry for the Grassmann variety of lines in projective space from the complex realm to the real. Our main tool is an explicit description of rational equivalences which also constitutes a novel determination of the Chow rings of these Grassmann varieties. The combinatorics of these rational equivalences suggests a non-commutative associative product on the free abelian group on Young tableaux. We conclude by considering some enumerative problems over other fields.
Continuous positive airways pressure for obstructive sleep apnoea in adults.

BACKGROUND Obstructive sleep apnoea is the periodic reduction (hypopnoea) or cessation (apnoea) of breathing due to narrowing or occlusion of the upper airway during sleep. The main symptom is daytime sleepiness and it has been suggested it is linked to premature death, hypertension, ischaemic heart disease, stroke and road traffic accidents. OBJECTIVES The main treatment for sleep apnoea is with the use of continuous positive airways pressure (CPAP), which requires a flow generator and mask. These are used at night to prevent apnoea, hypoxia and sleep disturbance. The objective was to assess the effects of CPAP in the treatment of obstructive sleep apnoea in adults. SEARCH STRATEGY We searched the Cochrane Airways Group Trials Register and reference lists of articles. We consulted experts in the field. Searches were current to July 2005. SELECTION CRITERIA We included randomised trials comparing nocturnal CPAP with an inactive control or oral appliances in adults with obstructive sleep apnoea (an apnoea and hypopnoea index greater than five per hour). Trials had a minimum intervention period of two weeks. DATA COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS Trial quality was assessed and two review authors extracted data independently. Study authors were contacted for missing information. Parallel and crossover group trials were analysed separately. MAIN RESULTS Thirty-six trials involving 1718 people met the inclusion criteria. Study quality was mixed. Compared with control, CPAP showed significant improvements in certain objective and subjective sleepiness, measures of quality of life and cognitive function (parallel-group studies: Epworth sleepiness scale (ESS) -3.83 units, 95% CI -4.57 to -3.09; crossover studies: ESS -1.84 units, 95% CI -2.57 to -1.11). Twenty-four hour systolic and diastolic blood pressures were lower with CPAP compared with control (parallel-group trials). Compared with oral appliances, CPAP significantly reduced the apnoea and hypopnoea index (crossover studies: -7.97 events/hr, 95% CI -9.56 to -6.38) and improved sleep efficiency (crossover studies: 2.31%, 95% CI 0.02 to 4.6) and minimum oxygen saturation (4.14%, 95% CI 3.25 to 5.03). Responders to both treatments expressed a strong preference for the oral appliance. However, participants were more likely to withdraw on OA than on CPAP therapy. AUTHORS' CONCLUSIONS CPAP is effective in reducing symptoms of sleepiness and improving quality of life measures in people with moderate and severe obstructive sleep apnoea (OSA). It is more effective than oral appliances in reducing respiratory disturbances in these people but subjective outcomes are more equivocal. Certain people tend to prefer oral appliances to CPAP where both are effective. This could be because they offer a more convenient way of controlling OSA. Short-term data indicate that CPAP leads to lower blood pressure than control. Long-term data are required for all outcomes in order to determine whether the initial benefits seen in short-term clinical trials persist.
Phenomenology and Ecological Systems Theory: Development of Diverse Groups

The theoretical framework addresses the life course human development of diverse groups. It acknowledges that all humans are vulnerable, and that patterned and unique outcome variations emerge given perception-linked and context-based interactions between culture and ethnicity. The perspective emphasizes not only the “what” or outcomes of development but also the “how. ” The theory explores the many paths for obtaining both resiliency (i.e., positive outcomes independent of significant challenge) and unproductive outcomes given structured inequalities. In providing an identity-focused cultural ecological (ICE) perspective as applied to diverse humans, the framework examines the broad patterns of coping processes and identity formation that result. Keywords: coping processes; cultural diversity; ecological contexts; human vulnerability and resiliency; identity formation; social cognition and perception
Identification of Genes Differentially Regulated in Rat Alveolar Bone Wound Healing by Subtractive Hybridization

Periodontal healing requires the participation of regulatory molecules, cells, and scaffold or matrix. Here, we hypothesized that a certain set of genes is expressed in alveolar bone wound healing. Reciprocal subtraction gave 400 clones from the injured alveolar bone of Wistar rats. Identification of 34 genes and analysis of their expression in injured tissue revealed several clusters of unique gene regulation patterns, including the up-regulation at 1 wk of cytochrome c oxidase regulating electron transfer and energy metabolism, presumably occurring at the site of inflammation; up-regulation at 2.5 wks of pro-α-2 type I collagen involving the formation of a connective tissue structure; and up-regulation at 1 and 2 wks and down-regulation at 2.5 and 4 wks of ubiquitin carboxyl-terminal hydrolase l3 involving cell cycle, DNA repair, and stress response. The differential expression of genes may be associated with the processes of inflammation, wound contraction, and formation of a connective tissue structure.