Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Chaperoning Roles of Macromolecules Interacting with Proteins in Vivo

The principles obtained from studies on molecular chaperones have provided explanations for the assisted protein folding in vivo. However, the majority of proteins can fold without the assistance of the known molecular chaperones, and little attention has been paid to the potential chaperoning roles of other macromolecules. During protein biogenesis and folding, newly synthesized polypeptide chains interact with a variety of macromolecules, including ribosomes, RNAs, cytoskeleton, lipid bilayer, proteolytic system, etc. In general, the hydrophobic interactions between molecular chaperones and their substrates have been widely believed to be mainly responsible for the substrate stabilization against aggregation. Emerging evidence now indicates that other features of macromolecules such as their surface charges, probably resulting in electrostatic repulsions, and steric hindrance, could play a key role in the stabilization of their linked proteins against aggregation. Such stabilizing mechanisms are expected to give new insights into our understanding of the chaperoning functions for de novo protein folding. In this review, we will discuss the possible chaperoning roles of these macromolecules in de novo folding, based on their charge and steric features.
Self-Esteem in the Classroom

This paper reviews well-controlled experimental studies which have sought to enhance children's self-esteem in classroom settings. Different approaches are examined in six sections, namely, (1) curriculum packages directly aimed at self-esteem enhancement, (2) interventions aimed primarily at improving academic performance, (3) counselling interventions, (4) other forms of direct curriculum intervention, (5) changing teacher behaviour, (6) changing pupil behaviour. The paper concludes with a discussion of related issues and of the implications for classroom strategies to enhance children's self-esteem.
A Conjecture on Numeral Systems

A numeral system is an infinite sequence of different closed normal $\lambda$-terms intended to code the integers in $\lambda$-calculus. H. Barendregt has shown that if we can represent, for a numeral system, the functions : Successor, Predecessor, and Zero Test, then all total recursive functions can be represented. In this paper we prove the independancy of these particular three functions. We give at the end a conjecture on the number of unary functions necessary to represent all total recursive functions.
VR-Scale: Runtime dynamic phase scaling of processor voltage regulators for improving power efficiency

A voltage regulator (VR) for a processor is one of the most critical platform components. Particularly, a VR is required to support fast, accurate, and fine-grained voltage changes for efficient processor power management. Such requirements, nonetheless, can be relaxed when a processor consumes low power at runtime. Thus, manufacturers begin to offer some knobs so that a processor can adapt VR's operating parameters to cost-effectively satisfy the requirements with high efficiency. In this paper, we first demonstrate that: (1) VR efficiency heavily depends on load current (i.e., current delivered to a processor) and a VR operating parameter (e.g., the number of active phases) at given voltage; (2) a processor running a parallel application mostly consumes small current due to aggressive power management; and (3) when the processor is in active state, all the phases are always activated in the VR. (2) and (3) in turn lead to poor VR efficiency at most runtime. Second, we present VR-Scale that dynamically scales the number of active phases based on the predicted load current for the next interval. Our evaluations based on an Intel processor running emerging parallel applications show that VR-Scale can reduce the total power consumed by a processor and its VR by more than 19% with negligible performance impact.
Sex differences in quality of health care related to ischemic heart disease prevention in patients with diabetes: the translating research into action for Diabetes (TRIAD) study, 2000-2001.

Diabetes is a greater risk factor for ischemic heart disease (IHD) in women than in men (1,2). In the U.S., IHD-related mortality has declined among men with and without diabetes (3). Among women, a decrease in IHD-related mortality has been observed only for those without diabetes (3). This difference may be attributable to biological (4) and behavioral factors (5) or possibly differences in the quality of health care received (3). We investigated whether there were differences between men and women regarding the quality of health care related to IHD prevention in a population-based cohort of patients with diabetes, aged 20–80 years and sampled from 10 managed care health plans and 68 provider groups in the U.S. (6). Participants were surveyed using a standardized computer-assisted telephone interview or self-administered written instrument. Of contacted eligible people, 91% responded to the survey. We examined data from the participants for whom medical records were available to document diabetes care. Interrater reliability (κ) for the main quality measures derived from medical record data ranged from 0.85 to 0.92. The quality of diabetes care related to IHD prevention received by patients during a 12-month period was measured by the frequency of selected process of care measurements: 1 ) current use of …
Uma experiência internacional de formação de professores para a inclusão

Se pretendemos proporcionar a todos os alunos uma educacao de qualidade, respeitando o principio da igualdade de oportunidades, o sistema educativo tem de dar a devida atencao a diversidade. A educacao inclusiva constitui-se como o melhor meio para o conseguir. Embora esteja a apostar-se na inclusao como modelo dos sistemas educativos, em varias frentes nacionais e internacionais, nao podemos afirmar que esse modelo esteja a ser um exito na maioria dos centros educativos. Esta realidade evidencia, entre outras, a necessidade de formar os professores para fazer face ao desafio de alargar o sucesso a todos os alunos. Apresentamos uma experiencia desenvolvida em nove centros educativos de Espanha e da Costa Rica, baseada num projecto centrado na formacao de professores para a inclusao, com a qual se conseguiu desencadear processos de transformacao inclusivos. Abordam-se as principais linhas de actuacao, as resistencias e dificuldades manifestadas, bem como os resultados obtidos. As conclusoes mostram que estes processos pressupoem uma mudanca substancial para as escolas. Palavras-chave : Inclusao educativa; formacao de professores; projecto internacional.
Evaluation of the implementation of the alert issued by the UK National Patient Safety Agency on the storage and handling of potassium chloride concentrate solution

Objectives: To assess the effectiveness of the response of NHS hospital trusts to an alert issued by the National Patient Safety Agency designed to limit the availability of concentrated potassium chloride in hospitals in England and Wales, and to determine the nature of any unintended consequences. Design: Multi-method study involving interviews and a physical inspection of clinical areas. Setting: 207 clinical areas in 20 randomly selected acute NHS trusts in England and Wales between 31 October 2002 and 31 January 2003. Participants: Senior managers and ward based medical and nursing staff. Main outcome measures: Degree of staff awareness of and compliance with the requirements of the national alert, withdrawal of concentrated potassium chloride solutions from non-critical areas, provision of pre-diluted alternatives, storage and recording in accordance with controlled drug legislation. Results: All trusts required that potassium chloride concentrate be stored in a separate locked cupboard from common injectable diluents (100% compliance). Unauthorised stocks of potassium chloride were found in five clinical areas not authorised by the trust (98% compliance). All trusts required documentation control of potassium chloride concentrate in clinical areas, but errors were recorded in 20 of the 207 clinical areas visited (90% compliance). Of those interviewed, 78% of nurses and 30% of junior doctors were aware of the alert. Conclusions: The NPSA alert was effective and resulted in rapid development and implementation of local policies to reduce the availability of concentrated potassium chloride solutions. The success is likely to be partly due to the nature of the proposed changes and it cannot be assumed that future alerts will be equally effective. Continued vigilance will be necessary to help sustain the changes.
Unraveling the Genetic Architecture of Cryptic Genetic Variation

Cryptic genetic variation (CGV), hidden under most conditions, is the repressed genetic potential that can facilitate adaptation and evolution. The conditional manifestation of CGV has been claimed to explain the background dependence of causal loci as well as missing heritability. However, despite being proposed over 60 years ago, the genetic architecture and regulation of CGV and its contribution towards regulation of complex traits remains unclear. Using linkage mapping of mean and variance effects, we have identified loci that regulate phenotypic manifestation of standing genetic variation in a previously published dataset of biparental Saccharomyces cerevisiae population grown in 34 diverse environments. Based on our results we propose the existence of a gradient of buffering states for a population determined by the environment. Most environments show a tight buffering with additive, independent causal loci with little epistasis. However, as this buffering is disrupted, the underlying highly interconnected environment-specific genetic interactome is revealed such that each causal locus is a part of this network. Interspersed within these networks are generalist capacitors that regulate CGV across multiple environments, with one allele behaving as a capacitor and the other as a potentiator. Our study demonstrates the connecting link between architecture of hidden and visible genetic variation and uncovers the genetic networks which potentially underlie all complex traits. Our study establishes CGV as a significant contributor to phenotypic variation, and provides evidence for a predictable pattern underlying gene-gene and gene-environment interactions that can explain background dependence and missing heritability in complex traits and diseases. SUMMARY The phenotypic effects of cryptic genetic variation (CGV) are mostly hidden and manifested only under certain rare conditions and have the potential to facilitate adaptation. However, little is understood about its genetic regulation. We performed variance QTL mapping to understand the regulation of phenotypic manifestation of standing genetic variation in a biparental yeast population. We propose a model describing the connecting link between visible variation and CGV. We identify generalist capacitors and environment-specific networks that potentially underlie all phenotypes. This fresh approach of mapping causal loci can solve the long-standing mystery of missing heritability in complex traits and diseases.
Computational Properties of Peri-Dendritic Calcium Fluctuations

Using a model of the extracellular space, we show how external calcium fluctuations, engendered during normal neural activity, can act as a rapid information-bearing signal in nervous systems. We demonstrate that action potentials propagating along a dendrite can induce large peri-dendritic calcium fluctuations, lowering significantly the external calcium available to overlying presynaptic terminals. The geometrical distribution of active calcium sinks critically influences the time and spatial extent of fluctuations in external calcium. In particular, clusters of coactive dendrites can prolong and amplify an external calcium fluctuation. This latter effect provides a natural substrate for a computational mechanism that locates specific volumes of neural tissue on rapid time scales. Such an interpretation suggests that the detailed structure of the extracellular space, in combination with the three-dimensional distribution of active calcium sinks, may play a role in neural information processing.
Research on Restraining Thrust Force Ripple for Permanent Magnet Linear Synchronous Motor

Direct thrust force control will be applied to control permanent magnet linear synchronous motor. Thrust force ripple because of special end-effect of linear motor is bigger problem in the linear motor direct driving system without any conversion block. There are different controls methods like traditional hysteresis ring control and based on space voltage vector control to analyze the linear motor direct thrust force control in the paper. Its theory is first discussed in detail. Experiment and simulation results show us the torque ripple for rotating motor and thrust force ripple for linear motor also. It is proved that the thrust force ripple is obviously reduced and restrained by suitable voltage supply in different ways
BTF Compression via Sparse Tensor Decomposition

In this paper, we present a novel compression technique for Bidirectional Texture Functions based on a sparse tensor decomposition. We apply the K‐SVD algorithm along two different modes of a tensor to decompose it into a small dictionary and two sparse tensors. This representation is very compact, allowing for considerably better compression ratios at the same RMS error than possible with current compression techniques like PCA, N‐mode SVD and Per Cluster Factorization. In contrast to other tensor decomposition based techniques, the use of a sparse representation achieves a rendering performance that is at high compression ratios similar to PCA based methods.
Occupational exposure of healthcare and research staff to static magnetic stray fields from 1.5–7 Tesla MRI scanners is associated with reporting of transient symptoms

Objectives Limited data is available about incidence of acute transient symptoms associated with occupational exposure to static magnetic stray fields from MRI scanners. We aimed to assess the incidence of these symptoms among healthcare and research staff working with MRI scanners, and their association with static magnetic field exposure. Methods We performed an observational study among 361 employees of 14 clinical and research MRI facilities in The Netherlands. Each participant completed a diary during one or more work shifts inside and/or outside the MRI facility, reporting work activities and symptoms (from a list of potentially MRI-related symptoms, complemented with unrelated symptoms) experienced during a working day. We analysed 633 diaries. Exposure categories were defined by strength and type of MRI scanner, using non-MRI shifts as the reference category for statistical analysis. Non-MRI shifts originated from MRI staff who also participated on MRI days, as well as CT radiographers who never worked with MRI. Results Varying per exposure category, symptoms were reported during 16–39% of the MRI work shifts. We observed a positive association between scanner strength and reported symptoms among healthcare and research staff working with closed-bore MRI scanners of 1.5 Tesla (T) and higher (1.5 T OR=1.88; 3.0 T OR=2.14; 7.0 T OR=4.17). This finding was mainly driven by reporting of vertigo and metallic taste. Conclusions The results suggest an exposure-response association between exposure to strong static magnetic fields (and associated motion-induced time-varying magnetic fields) and reporting of transient symptoms on the same day of exposure. Trial registration number 11-032/C
Label Distribution Learning Forests

Label distribution learning (LDL) is a general learning framework, which assigns to an instance a distribution over a set of labels rather than a single label or multiple labels. Current LDL methods have either restricted assumptions on the expression form of the label distribution or limitations in representation learning, e.g., to learn deep features in an end-to-end manner. This paper presents label distribution learning forests (LDLFs) - a novel label distribution learning algorithm based on differentiable decision trees, which have several advantages: 1) Decision trees have the potential to model any general form of label distributions by a mixture of leaf node predictions. 2) The learning of differentiable decision trees can be combined with representation learning. We define a distribution-based loss function for a forest, enabling all the trees to be learned jointly, and show that an update function for leaf node predictions, which guarantees a strict decrease of the loss function, can be derived by variational bounding. The effectiveness of the proposed LDLFs is verified on several LDL tasks and a computer vision application, showing significant improvements to the state-of-the-art LDL methods.
The taxonomic status of Astragalus mokiacensis (Fabaceae), a species endemic to the southwestern United States

Astragalus mokiacensis has been a problematic species since it was first described in 1877. Every major revision delimited this taxon differently. A principal components analysis of morphological data from herbarium specimens was used to determine the affinities between type specimens and extant populations ofA. mokiacensis. The taxon recently recognized asA. lentiginosus var.trumbullensis is morphologically similar to the lectotype ofAstragalus mokiacensis. Astragalus lentiginosus var.trumbullensis is herein recognized as a lowelevation minor variant and considered a synonym ofA. mokiacensis. A taxonomic key and complete synonymy are included.
Indoor Channel Measurements and Analysis in the Frequency Bands 2 GHz and 60 GHz

This paper describes the wideband measurements conducted at the frequencies 58 GHz and 2.25 GHz in an indoor environment. Normalized received power (NRP) and root-mean-squared (RMS) delay spread are calculated and used to compare the characteristics of radio wave propagation in both line-of-sight and non-line-of-sight areas at the two frequencies. The results show that on top of the difference in free space, the NRP at 58 GHz is several dBs lower than at 2.25 GHz in average. This difference is also reflected in the fitted log-(virtual) distance NRP models. In the deep shadow region, the poor diffraction level at 58 GHz will reduce the power level, but meanwhile the reflected waves from walls have a strong contribution to the received signal. In addition, it is observed that the radio channel at 58 GHz shows much less time dispersion in terms of RMS delay spread. The results can be quite useful for the 60 GHz system design, which might be very different from the design of conventional systems which operate in the lower frequency bands
Antibiotic-Induced Mesenteric Adenopathy in an Intussusception Mouse Model: A Randomized, Controlled Trial

Background: Idiopathic intussusception is a leading cause of intestinal obstruction in young children. Although the etiology remains obscure, lymphoid hyperplasia is found in a majority of cases. Antibiotics, the most frequently prescribed medication class in the pediatric population, have been recently associated with intussusception. The authors sought to determine whether enteral antibiotic exposure influences the development of mesenteric adenopathy, bowel dilation or intussusception in an animal model. Materials and Methods: The authors conducted a randomized, controlled animal trial using a previously described intussusception model. Mice were gavaged with normal saline, amoxicillin-clavulanate or azithromycin twice daily for 5 days to assess the influence of enteral antibiotic exposure on intussusception, mesenteric adenopathy and bowel dilation. One pediatric surgeon performed all laparotomies and was blinded to group designation. χ2 and Fisher exact tests were used to evaluate differences between antibiotic exposed and control groups. Results: Mesenteric adenopathy was identified in 4.1% of the normal saline controls compared with 54.1% (P < 0.01) and 38.9% (P < 0.01) of the amoxicillin-clavulanate and azithromycin exposed animals, respectively. A total of four intussusceptions were observed in the antibiotic-exposed groups combined whereas no intussusception cases were identified in the control group (P = 0.30). Conclusions: This is the first study to describe a significant association between antibiotic use and mesenteric adenopathy in any animal species.
LES ANTÉCÉDENTS DE LA SATISFACTION ENVERS LA SÉLECTION D'UN PRODUIT EN CONTEXTE DE CYBERMAGASINAGE: UN MODÈLE DE 'FIT' COGNITIF 1

Cette recherche propose un modele de ‘fit’ cognitif entre le format de presentation de l’information et la charge informationnelle de la tâche de selection d’un produit en contexte de cybermagasinage. Le modele propose que le ‘fit’ influence l’entropie estimee, la facilite d’utilisation percue et l’effort cognitif percu et que ces deux dernieres variables sont des antecedents a la satisfaction envers la selection effectuee. En contexte de cybermagasinage, la tâche de selection de produit est primordiale puisque la transaction d’achat ne s’effectuera que lorsque le consommateur aura trouve un produit satisfaisant. Les antecedents de la satisfaction envers la selection de produit n’ont pas encore ete etudies par les chercheurs en systemes d’information. Cette etude s’interesse a ces antecedents et examine l’impact du format de presentation de l’information au client d’un cybermagasin sur la satisfaction envers le choix de produit par le consommateur. Le modele propose ici s’appuie sur le modele de Wixom et Todd (2005), selon lequel la satisfaction envers l’information fournie par un systeme d’information est un antecedent de l’utilite percue (PU) et la satisfaction envers le systeme est un antecedent de la facilite d’utilisation percue (PEOU); PU et PEOU influencent a leur tour l’attitude envers la T.I . et l’intention de s’en servir de nouveau. Le modele de la presente etude a ete teste dans le cadre d’une experience menee aupres de 561 internautes qui devaient accomplir une tâche de selection de televiseur.
Establishment of an Alzheimer’s disease model with latent herpesvirus infection using PS2 and Tg2576 double transgenic mice

A relationship between Alzheimer’s disease and herpes simplex virus infection has been pointed out. We established a model of Alzheimer’s disease with a latent herpesvirus infection using a mouse model of Alzheimer’s disease (PS2Tg2576) and examined the changes in amyloid β (Aβ) in the brain. We crossbred female PS2 mice with male Tg2576 hemi mice and chose PS2Tg2576 mice. After priming 5-week-old male mice with anti-pseudorabies virus swine serum, we challenged the mouse with 100 LD50 of YS-81, a wild-type strain of pseudorabies virus. The viral DNA was detected in nasal swabs by a reactivation test and in the trigeminal ganglia. At two months after infection, the Aβ40 and Aβ42 levels in the brains of the mice of the latently infected group were increased; the increase was greater than that observed in the noninfected group. Latent pseudorabies virus infection was established in PS2Tg2576 mice and the level of Aβ increased with the reactivation of the latent virus.