Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Mechanisms Underlying Rare Inherited Pediatric Retinal Vascular Diseases: FEVR, Norrie Disease, Persistent Fetal Vascular Syndrome

Familial Exudative Vitreoretinopathy (FEVR), Norrie disease, and persistent fetal vascular syndrome (PFVS) are extremely rare retinopathies that are clinically distinct but are unified by abnormal retinal endothelial cell function, and subsequent irregular retinal vascular development and/or aberrant inner blood-retinal-barrier (iBRB) function. The early angiogenesis of the retina and its iBRB is a delicate process that is mediated by the canonical Norrin Wnt-signaling pathway in retinal endothelial cells. Pathogenic variants in genes that play key roles within this pathway, such as NDP, FZD4, TSPAN12, and LRP5, have been associated with the incidence of these retinal diseases. Recent efforts to further elucidate the etiology of these conditions have not only highlighted their multigenic nature but have also resulted in the discovery of pathological variants in additional genes such as CTNNB1, KIF11, and ZNF408, some of which operate outside of the Norrin Wnt-signaling pathway. Recent discoveries of FEVR-linked variants in two other Catenin genes (CTNND1, CTNNA1) and the Endoplasmic Reticulum Membrane Complex Subunit-1 gene (EMC1) suggest that we will continue to find additional genes that impact the neural retinal vasculature, especially in multi-syndromic conditions. The goal of this review is to briefly highlight the current understanding of the roles of their encoded proteins in retinal endothelial cells to understand the essential functional mechanisms that can be altered to cause these very rare pediatric retinal vascular diseases.
HPV co‐infections with other pathogens in cancer development: A comprehensive review

High‐risk human papillomaviruses (HR‐HPVs) cause various malignancies in the anogenital and oropharyngeal regions. About 70% of cervical and oropharyngeal cancers are caused by HPV types 16 and 18. Notably, some viruses including herpes simplex virus, Epstein–Barr virus, and human immunodeficiency virus along with various bacteria often interact with HPV, potentially impacting its replication, persistence, and cancer progression. Thus, HPV infection can be significantly influenced by co‐infecting agents that influence infection dynamics and disease progression. Bacterial co‐infections (e.g., Chlamydia trachomatis) along with bacterial vaginosis‐related species also interact with HPV in genital tract leading to viral persistence and disease outcomes. Co‐infections involving HPV and diverse infectious agents have significant implications for disease transmission and clinical progression. This review explores multiple facets of HPV infection encompassing the co‐infection dynamics with other pathogens, interaction with the human microbiome, and its role in disease development.
Limits of photon-mediated interactions in one-dimensional photonic baths

The exchange of off-resonant propagating photons between distant quantum emitters induces coherent interactions among them. The range of such interactions, and whether they are accompanied by dissipation, depends on the photonic energy dispersion, its dimensionality, and/or the light-matter couplings. In this manuscript, we characterize the limits of photon-mediated interactions for the case of generic one-dimensional photonic baths under the typical assumptions, that are, having finite range hoppings for the photonic bath plus local and rotating-wave light-matter couplings. In that case, we show how, irrespective of the system's parameter, the coherent photon-mediated interactions can always be written as a finite sum of exponentials, and thus can not display a power-law asymptotic scaling. As an outlook, we show how by relaxing some of these conditions, e.g., going beyond local light-matter couplings (e.g., giant atoms) or with longer-range photon hopping models, power-law interactions can be obtained within certain distance windows, or even in the asymptotic regime for the latter case.
On the anti-rolling performance of a train using a vortex generator array

Vortex generators (VGs) have shown the potential to mitigate the train's operational instability issues caused by strong wind. Numerical simulations are used to predict the flow structures around a train with VGs of different heights. The improved delayed detached eddy simulation (IDDES) hybrid modeling method is adopted to predict the trailing vortices on the leeward field. The numerical method is validated by reproducing wind tunnel test results. The study results reveal that VGs are capable of reducing the rolling moment coefficient around the leeward rail of a train by about 5% ∼ 15% while keeping the drag of the train still lower than its operational drag without crosswind. The control mechanism lies on that the streamwise vortices generated by VGs are attracted to the large-scale trailing vortices, resulting in the pressure on the leeward wall rising. The differences in the domain frequencies between VGs and Baseline cases in POD modes indicate that the VGs changed the periodicity and symmetry of the vorticity fluctuation. This study provides a new method to improve the safety of trains under crosswinds.
Focal mechanism solutions of M_L≥4.0 events in the M_S6.1 Panzhihua-Huili earthquake sequence of Aug 30, 2008

For the M_S 6. 1 Panzhihua-Huili, Sichuan, earthquake sequence of Aug 30, 2008, this study determines the focal mechanism solutions of the mainshock event and the M_L≥4. 0 aftershock events in the sequence using the CAP method and the broadband waveform records from the digital seismic networks of Sichuan and Yunnan. The result shows that the focal mechanism solution of the mainshock has two principal stress axes with low dip angles of 10°, and the principal compressive stress axis trends 140°. One of the two nodal planes of the focal mechanism solution of the mainshock strikes in 185°, dips westward at 83°, has a rake of 5°, and shows left-lateral strike-slip faulting with a small thrust component. This nodal plane has been identified to be representative of the seismogenic fault plane of the mainshock by considering the distributions of the aftershocks and the seismic intensities, as well as the local active geologic structure. The corresponding seismogenic fault has been determined to be the nearly N-S-trending Hongge fault (its southern segment) running through the epicentral area of the sequence. The best misfit depth of the mainshock s focal mechanism solution is estimated to be 10 km, being consistent with the located depth of this event. It is also found that the other 6 M_L≥4. 0 aftershocks have similar focal mechanism solutions with that of the mainshock. A preliminary analysis suggests that spatially the focal mechanism solutions of the M_S 6. 1 Panzhihua-Huili earthquake sequence of 2008 are coordinated with those of the previous events in the study region. This reflects that the 2008 sequence has been resulted from the left-lateral strike-slip faulting with a thrusting component along the nearly N-S-trending Hongge fault, under the SE- to SSE-ward horizontal motion of the Sichuan-Yunnan massif.
Layered Chirp Spread Spectrum Modulations for LPWANs

This article examines two chirp spread spectrum techniques specifically devised for low-power wide-area networks (LPWANs) to optimize energy and spectral efficiency (SE). These methods referred to as layered CSS (LCSS) and layered dual-mode CSS (LDMCSS), involves utilizing multiple layers for multiplexing symbols with varying chirp rates. These waveform designs exemplify a high degree of SE compared to existing schemes. Additionally, LDMCSS necessitates a lesser number of layers than LCSS to attain comparable SE, thereby reducing computational complexity. These proposed techniques can employ coherent and non-coherent detection and can be adjusted to achieve various spectral efficiencies by altering the number of multiplexed layers. Unlike our proposed LCSS and LDMCSS, other CSS alternatives for LPWANs cannot provide the same level of flexibility and SE. The performance of these techniques is evaluated in terms of bit error rate under different channel conditions, as well as with phase and frequency offsets.
Functions of nonsuicidal self-injurious behavior in Russian patients with suicidal ideation

Introduction Nonsuicidal self-injurious behavior (NSSI) is an important risk factor for future suicide attempts. Previous research has identified a number of motivations for engaging in NSSI. The aim of the present study was to translate the Inventory of Statements About Self-Injury (ISAS) into Russian and then to evaluate its psychometric properties in a sample of patients with non-psychotic mental disorders and suicidal ideation (SI). Other aims were to determine the prevalence of specific NSSI functions in this population and to assess the relationship between different NSSI functions and clinical and psychological parameters. Participants and methods The study was conducted at the largest center for non-psychotic mental disorders in Moscow. All admitted patients with both NSSI and SI completed the Russian version of the ISAS-II, underwent the Self-Injurious Thoughts and Behaviors Interview, and completed the Personality Inventory for DSM-5 and ICD-11 Brief Form Plus-Modified, the Beck Depression Inventory, and the State–Trait Anxiety Inventory. Results A total of 614 patients were included in the study. 543 (88.4%) patients were assigned female at birth with a mean age of 24.86 (7.86) years. Factor analysis supported a two-factor structure (Intrapersonal and Interpersonal) of the Russian version of the ISAS-II, but in contrast to the original study, the “Marking distress” function loaded more strongly on the Interpersonal factor. In people with non-psychotic mental disorders and SI, Interpersonal functions of NSSI are associated with more severe depressive symptoms (r = 0.34), 12 months history of NSSI (r = 0.30), higher number of NSSI methods (r = 0.41), likelihood of future NSSI (r = 0.35) and psychoticism (r = 0.32). Conclusion The Russian version of the ISAS-II is a valid and reliable instrument for assessing NSSI functions in a population at high risk for suicide attempts. Interpersonal functions are associated with a number of unpleasant clinical and psychological features.
Root Traits and Soil Bacterial Composition Explain the Rhizosphere Effects along a Chronosequence of Rubber Plantations

Rubber tree plantations (Hevea brasiliensis) are expanding into the tropical regions of southwest China to ensure production to meet the growing demand for latex. The effects of long-term plantations on soil carbon processes are still unclear. Also, the effects of the plant’s rhizosphere on the decomposition of soil organic matter (SOM) play a crucial role in predicting soil carbon dynamics. The rhizosphere and soils corresponding to a chronosequence of ages (4, 15 and 30 years) of rubber plantations were collected and incubated to determine the effect of the rhizosphere (RE) on SOM decomposition. We also examined the soil physicochemical properties; bacterial community structure; and root morphological, chemical, and physiological traits to further explore the underlying mechanisms of the RE on SOM decomposition. The REs on SOM decomposition varied significantly in the different age classes of the rubber plantations, and the higher the REs on SOM decomposition in an older plantation might limit the accumulation of organic carbon in the soil. Root traits, including the specific root length, root nitrogen content, and root carbon/nitrogen ratio, varied significantly in response to the plantation age and explained more of the variance in the RE on SOM decomposition than the soil and microbial properties. Due to the changing root morphological and chemical traits along the age chronosequence, the rhizosphere bacterial community composition tended to shift the carbon utilisation strategy and the bulk soil nitrogen content decreased. These variations also affected the RE on SOM decomposition. Our results indicate that the development of rubber plantations would prevent soil carbon accumulation, especially in the rhizosphere, by increasing the RE on SOM decomposition, which would be predicated by root morphological and chemical traits.
New methodologies for the digital age? How methods (re-)organize research using social media data

Abstract As “big and broad” social media data continues to expand and become a more prevalent source for research, much remains to be understood about its epistemological and methodological implications. Drawing on an original data set of 12,732 research articles using social media data, we employ a novel dictionary-based approach to map the use of methods. Specifically, our approach draws on a combination of manual coding and embedding-enhanced query expansion. We cluster journals in groups of densely connected research communities to investigate how heterogeneous these groups are in terms of the methods used. First, our results indicate that research in this domain is largely organized by methods. Some communities tend to have a monomethod culture, and others combine methods in novel ways. Comparing practices across communities, we observe that computational methods have penetrated many research areas but not the research space surrounding ethnography. Second, we identify two core axes of variation—social sciences vs. computer science and methodological individualism vs. relationalism—that organize the domain as a whole, suggesting new methodological divisions and debates.
Deep Learning Approach for Accurate Segmentation of Sand Boils in Levee Systems

Sand boils can contribute to the liquefaction of a portion of the levee, leading to levee failure. Accurately detecting and segmenting sand boils is crucial for effectively monitoring and maintaining levee systems. This paper presents SandBoilNet, a fully convolutional neural network with skip connections designed for accurate pixel-level classification or semantic segmentation of sand boils from images in levee systems. In this study, we explore the use of transfer learning for fast training and detecting sand boils through semantic segmentation. By utilizing a pretrained CNN model with ResNet50V2 architecture, our algorithm effectively leverages learned features for precise detection. We hypothesize that controlled feature extraction using a deeper pretrained CNN model can selectively generate the most relevant feature maps adapting to the domain, thereby improving performance. Experimental results demonstrate that SandBoilNet outperforms state-of-the-art semantic segmentation methods in accurately detecting sand boils, achieving a Balanced Accuracy (BA) of 85.52%, Macro F1-score (MaF1) of 73.12%, and an Intersection over Union (IoU) of 57.43% specifically for sand boils. This proposed approach represents a novel and effective solution for accurately detecting and segmenting sand boils from levee images toward automating the monitoring and maintenance of levee infrastructure.
Automatic landslide and mudflow detection method via multichannel sparse representation

Landslide and mudflow detection is an important application of aerial images and high resolution remote sensing images, which is crucial for national security and disaster relief. Since the high resolution images are often large in size, it’s necessary to develop an efficient algorithm for landslide and mudflow detection. Based on the theory of sparse representation and, we propose a novel automatic landslide and mudflow detection method in this paper, which combines multi-channel sparse representation and eight neighbor judgment methods. The whole process of the detection is totally automatic. We make the experiment on a high resolution image of ZhouQu district of Gansu province in China on August, 2010 and get a promising result which proved the effective of using sparse representation on landslide and mudflow detection.
Climate-correlative modeling of phytogeography at the watershed scale.

The goal of this research was to develop a watershed-scale model for predicting changes in plant species distribution and abundance (phytogeography) that might occur as a result of changes in climatic factors with global warming. The model was designed: 1) to be spatially explicit and applicable across the entire watershed; 2) to apply to a number of particular species rather than general vegetation types; 3) to predict abundance as well as presence/absence; and 4) to work with simple environmental data, but reflect a biological rationale. Correlations were sought between current phytogeography in the watershed and the synoptic climate variables mean annual temperature, total annual precipitation and cool-/warm-season precipitation ratio. The contribution of edaphic and topographic variables to correlative models was examined and found to be negligible. The correlations established for current conditions were extended to hypothetical future conditions of changed climate in which the values of the variables were manipulated and the model run to produce predictions of altered future phytogeographies. Twenty-seven different hypothetical climate scenarios were modeled, incorporating a 1°C or 2°C rise in temperature with as much as a 10% increase or decrease in seasonal precipitation. Spatial articulation of the model was achieved through raster analysis of gridcell based data layers in a geographic information system. Primary input layers were a
Micro-CT evaluation of the removal of root fillings using rotary and reciprocating systems supplemented by XP-Endo Finisher, the Self-Adjusting File, or Er,Cr:YSGG laser

Objectives This study aimed to compare the effectiveness of a single-file reciprocating system (WaveOne Gold, WOG) and a multi-file rotary system (ProTaper Universal Retreatment, PTUR) in removing canal filling from severely curved canals and to evaluate the possible adjunctive effects of XP-Endo Finisher (XPF), the Self-Adjusting File (SAF), and an erbium, chromium: yttrium, scandium, gallium garnet (Er,Cr:YSGG) laser using micro-computed tomography (μCT). Materials and Methods Sixty-six curved mandibular molars were divided into 2 groups based on the retreatment technique and then into 3 based on the supplementary method. The residual filling volumes and root canals were evaluated with μCT before and after retreatment, and after the supplementary steps. The data were statistically analyzed with the t-test, Mann-Whitney U test, analysis of covariance, and factorial analysis of variance (p < 0.05). Results PTUR and WOG showed no significant difference in removing filling materials (p > 0.05). The supplementary techniques were significantly more effective than reciprocating or rotary systems only (p < 0.01). The supplementary steps showed no significant differences in canal filling removal effectiveness (p > 0.05), but XPF showed less dentin reduction than the SAF and Er,Cr:YSGG laser (p < 0.01). Conclusions The supplementary methods significantly decreased the volume of residual filling materials. XPF caused minimal changes in root canal volume and might be preferred for retreatment in curved root canals. Supplementary approaches after retreatment procedures may improve root canal cleanliness.
Tectonomagmatic evolution of the South Dehshir Ophiolite, Central Iran

Abstract The South Dehshir Ophiolite, exposed along the southwestern margin of the Central Iranian microcontinent, comprises a mantle and a crustal sequence. This massif contains serpentinized peridotites, gabbros and diabase sheeted dykes cutting across wherlite, pegmatitic gabbro and plagiogranite, and is tectonically covered by radiolarites, pelagic limestones with Late Cretaceous microfauna and lavas. Under a microscope, the gabbros exhibit mesocumulate, adcumulate and hetradcumulate textures presumably formed in open magma chambers. Hypabyssal and lava samples show tholeiitic to calc-alkaline affinities, and their compositions cluster in the fields of arc or supra-subduction zone magmatism. Binary diagrams display compositional trends of magmatic differentiation, plotting away from the mid-ocean-ridge basalt (MORB) (tholeiitic) trend and following the arc (calc-alkaline) trend. Rare Earth element (REE) and spider diagrams display various enrichments at different levels. Moderate enrichment of the large-ion lithophile elements (LILE; Rb, Ba, Th, U, La, Sr) relative to the high-field-strength elements (HFSE; Nb, Ta) and slight depletion of Ti and Zr in some patterns may be attributed to variable influences of subduction components over the depleted mantle wedge. Elemental ratios display evidence for the contribution of both fluids and melt released from the subducted slab. Few patterns display ocean-island basalt (OIB) characteristics, possibly attributed to the involvement of local mantle plumes on the partial melting of the mantle wedge. This evidence indicates that the crustal rocks of the South Dehshir Ophiolite formed in a supra-subduction zone.
MiRNA-Responsive CRISPR-Cas System via a DNA Regulator

Clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR)- CRISPR-associated protein 9 (Cas9) genome editing technology is widely used for gene editing because it provides versatility in genetic manipulation. Several methods for regulating CRISPR activity already exist for accurate editing, but these require complex engineering. Thus, a simple and convenient regulatory system is required. In this study, we devised a CRISPR activation system using a DNA regulator that can be activated by miRNAs. The designed regulator was divided into two parts. The inhibition component consisted of the protospacer-adjacent motif (PAM) and seed sequence, which are important for Cas9 target recognition and bind to the ribonucleoprotein (RNP) complex for inhibition. The miRNA recognition component has a single-stranded toehold DNA for target miRNA binding and a partial double-stranded DNA complementary to the remaining miRNA sequence. In the presence of target miRNAs, the structure of the regulator is disrupted by the miRNAs, leading to its dissociation from the RNP complex and subsequent restoration of CRISPR activity. This method is easy to design and can be applied to various miRNAs via simple sequence manipulation. Therefore, this strategy provides a general platform for controlled genome editing.