Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Combining Mass Spectrometry and X-Ray Crystallography for Analyzing Native-Like Membrane Protein Lipid Complexes

Membrane proteins represent a challenging family of macromolecules, particularly related to the methodology aimed at characterizing their three-dimensional structure. This is mostly due to their amphipathic nature as well as requirements of ligand bindings to stabilize or control their function. Recently, Mass Spectrometry (MS) has become an important tool to identify the overall stoichiometry of native-like membrane proteins complexed to ligand bindings as well as to provide insights into the transport mechanism across the membrane, with complementary information coming from X-ray crystallography. This perspective article emphasizes MS findings coupled with X-ray crystallography in several membrane protein lipid complexes, in particular transporters, ion channels and molecular machines, with an overview of techniques that allows a more thorough structural interpretation of the results, which can help us to unravel hidden mysteries on the membrane protein function.
Developing and debugging algebraic specifications for Java classes

Modern programs make extensive use of reusable software libraries. For example, a study of a number of large Java applications shows that between 17% and 30% of the classes in those applications use container classes defined in the java.util package. Given this extensive code reuse in Java programs, it is important for the interfaces of reusable classes to be well documented. An interface is well documented if it satisfies the following requirements: (1) the documentation completely describes how to use the interface; (2) the documentation is clear; (3) the documentation is unambiguous; and (4) any deviation between the documentation and the code is machine detectable. Unfortunately, documentation in natural language, which is the norm, does not satisfy the above requirements. Formal specifications can satisfy them but they are difficult to develop, requiring significant effort on the part of programmers. To address the practical difficulties with formal specifications, we describe and evaluate a tool to help programmers write and debug algebraic specifications. Given an algebraic specification of a class, our interpreter generates a prototype that can be used within an application like a regular Java class. When running an application that uses the prototype, the interpreter prints error messages that tell the developer in which way the specification is incomplete or inconsistent with a hand-coded implementation of the class. We use case studies to demonstrate the usefulness of our system.
Stoichiometric study of activated glass powder hydration

The focus of this work was to study the reactivity of glass powder of a certain fineness by using a new experimental approach and to establish specifications for the use of glass powder as a pozzolanic material in concrete by developing glass powder hydration reaction equations. Experiments were carried out to determine the different quantities and proportions of glass powder, calcium hydroxide and water to establish the hydration reaction. Models that describe the hydration of the glass powder with and without calcium hydroxide are also developed in this paper. The developed models are validated using the results of the experiments. Using these models, predictions of the structure of the hydration products are obtained.
Performance Analysis of Cryogenically Treated HSS Profile Cutter by Experimental and FEA

The main objective of the research was to study the effect of cryogenic treatment and double tempering on the tool life of HSS profile cutter in machining EN47 Spring Steel cutting tool components. TiAlN coated HSS profile cutters were cryogenically treated at-175 °C and double tempered at 200 °C. Milling exercises were carried out using un-treated and treated and double tempered tools on EN-47 spring steel reamer components at different machining conditions. The treated HSS profile cutter showed 40 % greater tool life than that of the un-treated in machining EN-47 spring steel components for making flutes. FEA for temperature profile of the cutting tools of the treated and non-treated was performed. Tool tip temperature for untreated and treated were found to be 22 °C and 20 °C respectively.
Phytochemistry, Pharmacological Profile and Therapeutic Uses of Piper Betle Linn.Ã¢ÂÂ An Overview.

The Betle (Piper betle Linn.) is the leaf of a vine belonging to the Piperaceae family. The most likely place of origin of betle vine is Malaysia but it is also cultivated in India, Srilanka, Bangladesh, Burma and Nepal. The betle plant is an evergreen and perennial creeper, with glossy heart-shaped leaves and white catkin. Phytochemical studies show that Piper betle contains a wide variety of biologically active compounds whose concentration depends on the variety of the plant, season and climate. It is valued as a stimulant and also for its medicinal properties. Piper betle contains diosgenin, eugenol, allylpyrocatechol, methyl eugenol, chavibetol, hydroxychavicol, triterpenes and β-sitosterol. Pharmacological Profile has shown antiplatelet, anti-inflammatory effects as well as immunomodulatory, gastroprotective and antidiabetic activity. In India, Burma, Nepal, Srilanka and other parts of South Asia, the leaves of Piper betle are chewed together in a wrapped package along with the areca nut (which, by association is often called the betle nut) and mineral slaked lime (Calcium hydroxide). The areca nut contains the alkaloid arecoline, which promotes salivation and itself acts as a stimulant. In this review emphasis is lead upon research related to Therapeutic properties, Phytochemistry, and Pharmacological profile of Piper betle Linn.
Dynamic Hotspot Clustering Using White Space

The proliferation of smart phones is growing demand anywhere wireless access to data in our daily life. This issue of the increasing demand for mobile broadband with a lack of spectrum, especially in densely populated areas is a major problem. This article presents an innovative technique to solve the above problem by clustering approach. The proposed solution Clustering improves scalability and coverage of cellular networks high density animal. The proposed approach organizes the node groups; each group (cluster) has one primary node that is directly on the base station (BS) while the other node (slave) primary media through their respective nodes. The proposed configuration requires lower power consumption for transmitting and receiving data. In addition, it allows reuse of the frequency without causing disruption, and increases the scalability of the network and reduces the number blocked and stopped. Keywords—Clustering, TV White-Space, Wireless Networks, Cellular Networks, LTE 4G
Renal medullary oxidative stress, pressure-natriuresis, and hypertension.

Renal dysfunction has long been a recognized feature of essential hypertension as first suggested by Dr Richard Bright’s mid-19th century observations of small, shrunken, scarred kidneys associated with cardiac hypertrophy and the seminal studies in the 1930s by Dr Harry Goldblatt directly linking the kidney to chronic hypertension. Attention was originally and appropriately focused on the renal cortex, which represents more than 90% of the renal mass, is the site of glomerular filtration, and receives more than 95% or renal blood flow. Reductions of glomerular filtration and the morphological changes within cortical structures such as vascular medial wall hypertrophy, hyperplasia, and fibrinoid necrosis of the glomeruli have been well described,1 especially in patients with chronic hypertension and glomerulosclerosis. By comparison, interest in the involvement of the renal medulla in the initiation and development of hypertension evolved much later and was stimulated by two different observations. First, studies in the 1960s by Dr Eric Muirhead showed that the medullary interstitial cells produced an antihypertensive principle that he called medullipin.2 Second, studies by our own group in the mid-1980s reported that renal medullary blood flow (MBF) was importantly linked to the phenomena of pressure-natriuresis and diuresis and that MBF was reduced in several forms of experimental hypertension.3,4 Before these studies, the physiological importance of the renal medullary circulation was focused on the unique countercurrent structure of the vasa recta vessels as first appreciated in the 1950s by Hargitay and Kuhn5 and Wirz et al,6 who introduced the modern concept of the urinary concentrating mechanism. Subsequent studies have shown that the structure-function relationships of the outer medulla make this region especially vulnerable to chronic ischemia and tubulointerstitial injuries.7 MBF was found to be a critical requirement for an adequate O2 delivery to match the high metabolic …
Effect of vanadium, nitrogen, and aluminium on the mechanical properties of reinforcing bar steels

AbstractA systematic study has been made of the effects of vanadium, nitrogen, and aluminium on the properties of 18 and 30 mm rolled bars, having a base composition of 0·24%C–1·250%Mn–0·475%Si, as used for high-strength reinforcing bars. It has been shown that additions of vanadium up to 0·18% can increase the yield strength by 207–256 N/mm2, depending on the diameter and the level of other elements, without impairing the bend and rebend properties. The effect of vanadium on a 0·13C–1·5Mn–0·45Si steel has also been studied. Variations in finish-rolling temperature had very little effect on the properties. The weldability of a limited number of steels was shown to be equal to that of C–Mn steels. The properties of a number of commercial steel reinforcing bars having similar compositions are also included for comparison.
Design and Fabrication of a Dielectricless Substrate-Integrated Waveguide

A process for the fabrication of dielectricless rectangular waveguides (RWGs) integrated in the substrate is presented and experimentally validated. First, two complementary circuits are realized through milling the guide in a substrate and, then, are metallized with traditional additive processes used in printed-circuit board industry. Next, the circuits are joined together, and electric continuity is enforced through two additional rows of conductive holes along the guide sidewall, as it occurs in the substrate-integrated waveguide technology. A comparison between the propagative characteristics of a classic RWG and a waveguide with this methodology is reported. Finally, a slotted waveguide realized by this technology is fabricated and measured.
Accelerated epipolar geometry computation for 3D reconstruction using projective texturing

The process of <i>3D reconstruction,</i> or depth estimation, is a complex one, and many methods often have several parameters that may require fine tunning to adapt to the scene and improve reconstruction results. Usability of these methods is directly related to their response time. Epipolar geometry, a fundamental tool used in 3D reconstruction, is commonly computed on the CPU. We propose to take advantage of the advances of graphic cards, to accelerate this process. Projective texturing will be used to transfer a significant part of the computational load from the CPU into the GPU. The new approach will be illustrated in the context of a previously published work for 3D point reconstruction from a set of static images. Test results show that gains of up to two orders of magnitude in terms of computation times can be achieved, when comparing current CPU's and GPU's. We conclude that this leads to an increase in usability of 3D reconstruction methods.
Service-oriented power management for an integrated multi-function home server

A home server usually is an integrated system of communication, broadcast, game, media center, and home automation. It is a kind of a multi-function all-in-one system. The home server should be turned on for all day long because it plays a role of network hub, multimedia contents server, and home automation controller. Therefore it is necessary to reduce its power consumption to lower the operational cost. To achieve this power reduction, this paper proposes service-oriented power management method for an integrated multi-function home server. This method classifies the resources of the home server into small functional blocks according to the kind of service and turns on only the resources needed for the requested services. When a new service is requested only necessary resources are turned on. And when a service exit occurs, unnecessary resources are turned off. This power management greatly reduces a waste of power dissipation. We also present some scenarios utilizing this
Correlation between high‐sensitivity C‐reactive protein and brain gray matter volume in healthy elderly subjects

Although elevated serum high‐sensitivity C‐reactive protein (hsCRP) is related to atherosclerosis, brain infarction, and cognitive decline, it has not been clarified whether increased hsCRP is associated with the decline in brain gray matter volume. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to determine the relationship between hsCRP levels and brain regional gray matter volume using brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) data from 109 community‐dwelling healthy elderly subjects. Brain MRIs were processed with voxel‐based morphometry using a custom template by applying diffeomorphic anatomical registration using the exponentiated lie algebra (DARTEL) procedure. We found a significant negative correlation between regional gray matter volume of the posterior and lateral aspects of the left temporal cortex and hsCRP level after adjusting for age, gender, and intracranial volume. Our results suggest that subjects who have mild inflammation related to arteriosclerosis have decreased regional gray matter volume in the posterior and lateral aspects of the left temporal cortex. Thus, preventing the progression of arteriosclerosis may be important for preventing a decrease in gray matter volume in healthy elderly subjects. Hum Brain Mapp 34:2418–2424, 2013. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Protein turnover in growing pigs. Effects of age and food intake

1. Measurements were made of the nitrogen and energy balances of pigs of 30, 60 and 90 kg given a conventional diet at various daily rates. 2. Body protein synthesis was estimated from the irreversible loss of leucine from the blood following the infusion of [1-14C]leucine, and from the oxidation of the labelled amino acid. 3. Protein synthesis (g/d) increased by 2.17 for each 1 g increase in daily protein accretion and by 1.55 for each 1 g increase in daily protein intake. 4. At 30 kg, pigs close to energy equilibrium synthesized 270 g protein daily compared with 406 g and 512 g when their ration supplied twice and three times their maintenance requirement. 5. There was a close correlation between the daily urinary excretion of urea + ammonia and total amino acid catabolism estimated from the catabolism of leucine, but the latter underestimated the observed excretion by 2.5 g N/d. 6. The results imply that protein turnover accounts for only a proportion of the heat production associated with protein deposition.
Mammosphere culture of cancer stem cells in a microfluidic device

It is known that tumor-initiating cells with stem-like properties will form spherical colonies - termed mammospheres - when cultured in serum-free media on low-attachment substrates. Currently this assay is performed in commercially available 96-well trays with low-attachment surfaces. Here we report a novel microsystem that features on-chip mammosphere culture on low attachment surfaces. We have cultured mammospheres in this microsystem from well-studied human breast cancer cell lines. To enable the long-term culture of these unattached cells, we have integrated diffusion-based delivery columns that provide zero-convection delivery of reagents, such as fresh media, staining agents, or drugs. The multi-layer system consists of parallel cell-culture chambers on top of a low-attachment surface, connected vertically with a microfluidic reagent delivery layer. This design incorporates a reagent reservoir, which is necessary to reduce evaporation from the cell culture micro-chambers. The development of this microsystem will lead to the integration of mammosphere culture with other microfluidic functions, including circulating tumor cell recovery and high throughput drug screening. This will enable the cancer research community to achieve a much greater understanding of these tumor initiating cancer stem cells.
Advance and stagnation in the treatment of patients with lymphoma and myeloma: Analysis using population‐based cancer registry data in Japan from 1993 to 2006

There have been significant advances in the treatment of patients with lymphoma and myeloma. Although the improvements in survival outcome have been clearly addressed by clinical trials, these studies includes patients who are otherwise healthy and would be eligible for trials that the actual improvement in survival in the general patient population over time is yet to be elucidated. Therefore, we reviewed the cancer‐registry data of patients with lymphoma and myeloma in Japan from 1993 to 2006 and estimated relative survival (adjusted for competing causes of death in same‐age members of the general population) according to three periods of diagnosis (1993–1997, 1998–2002 and 2003–2006). We also estimated conditional 5‐year relative survival (5‐year survival rate of patients who have survived 5 years). A total of 26,141 patients were reviewed and analyzed. Relative survival improved in Hodgkin lymphoma (HL, N = 853, +20% improvement), diffuse large B‐cell lymphoma (DLBCL, N = 4,919, +14% improvement) and follicular lymphoma (FL, N = 1,333, +13% improvement). In contrast, we found no significant improvement in survival since 1993 in peripheral T‐cell lymphoma (PTCL, N = 667, +4% improvement), adult T‐cell leukemia/lymphoma (ATLL, N = 2,166, −5% improvement) or multiple myeloma (MM, N = 4,914, −2% improvement). Conditional 5‐year survival of HL, DLBCL, FL, PTCL, ATLL and MM was 88, 87, 79, 63, 53 and 45%, respectively. Relative survival of patients with HL, DLBCL and FL significantly improved from 1993 to 2006 in Japan; in contrast, no improvement was seen in other diseases, suggesting unmet need of novel treatment strategies.
Cross-linker system between neurofilaments, microtubules and membranous organelles in frog axons revealed by the quick-freeze, deep-etching method

The elaborate cross-connections among membranous organelles (MO), microtubules (MT), and neurofilaments (NF) were demonstrated in unifixed axons by the quick-freeze, deep-etch, and rotary-shadowing method. They were categorized into three groups: NF-associated cross-linker, MT-associated cross-bridges, and long cross-links in the subaxolemmal space. Other methods were also employed to make sure that the observed cross-connections in the unfixed axons were not a result of artifactual condensation or precipitation of soluble components or salt during deep-etching. Axolemma were permeablized either chemically (0.1% saponin) or physically (gentle homogenization), to allow egress of their soluble components from the axon; or else the axons were washed with distilled water after fixation. After physical rupture of the axolemma or saponin treatment, most of the MO remained intact. MT were stabilized by adding taxol in the incubation medium. Axons prepared by these methods contained many longitudinally oriented NF connected to each other by numerous fine cross-linkers (4-6 nm in diameter, 20-50 nm in length). Two specialized regions were apparent within the axons: one composed of fascicles of MT linked with each other by fine cross-bridges; the other was in the subaxolemmal space and consisted of actinlike filaments and a network of long cross-links (50-150 nm) which connected axolemma and actinlike filaments with NF and MT. F-actin was localized to the subaxolemmal space by the nitrobenzooxadiazol phallacidin method. MO were located mainly in these two specialized regions and were intimately associated with MT via fine short (10-20 nm in length) cross-bridges. Cross-links from NF to MO and MT were also common. All these cross-connections were observed after chemical extraction or physical rupture of the axon; however, these procedures removed granular materials which were attached to the filaments in the fresh unextracted axons. The cross-connections were also found in the axons washed with distilled water after fixation. I conclude that the cross- connections are real structures while the granular material is composed of soluble material, probably protein in nature.
Effect of ferrule height and glass fibre post length on fracture resistance of endodontically treated teeth / Shurooq Sh Abdulrazzak

Objectives: 1. To evaluate the effect of ferrule height (FH) and post length (PL) on fracture resistance of endodontically treated teeth (ETT) restored with glass fibre post, composite resin core and crown. 2. To assess the effect of FH and PL on the failure mode of these teeth. Methods: Ninety endodontically treated maxillary central incisors were randomly divided into three groups of 30 according to their FH: 4, 2 and 0 mm. Post space was prepared according 2/3, 1/2 and 1/3 of the root length (N = 10 each). RelyX™ fibre posts (3M/ESPE, USA) were then cemented with self adhesive resin cement (RelyX™ Unicem, 3M/ESPE, USA). Core build-ups were done using composite resin (Filtek™ Z350, 3M/ESPE, USA). Cast metal crowns were cemented on the prepared specimens using RelyX Unicem. The specimens were thermocycled and compressive static load was applied at an angle of 135 degrees to the crown. The load (N) at failure and mode of failure were recorded. Statistical analysis was performed with Two-way ANOVA. Results: No significant interaction between ferrule heights and post lengths was observed (p = 0.801). Significant difference in the failure load was found in the ferrule height groups (p < 0.001) but not in the post length groups (p = 0.102). 4 mm ferrule group had significantly higher failure load (FL) (536.7 N ± 195.4) compared to 2 mm (414.6 N ± 133) and 0 mm ferrule groups (319.8 N ± 54.7) (p = 0.018, p < 0.001). 2 mm ferrule group had significantly higher FL than 0 mm ferrule group (p = 0.002). More favourable failure modes were observed in almost all subgroups. Conclusion: Increasing the FH significantly increased the fracture resistance of ETT restored with glass fibre post, composite resin core and a crown. Post length had no significant effect on the fracture resistance. Most groups had favourable failure mode.
Framework of ontology extraction in efficiently deployed dynamic intelligent tutoring systems

Recently all institutions are concentrating their efforts on deploying the efficient online learning mechanism with goal of saving time, costs, resources etc. The advantage is that it saves time, efforts and costs. Intelligent tutoring systems (ITSs) are one such online learning framework which is frequently and increasingly adopted by various universities and institutions. In that research we introduced the new method for ITSs for solving the problem of interoperability and information security. In this paper, novel method is proposed for automatic ontology generation using fuzzy ontology algorithm in order save efforts of end users those are required to analyze the large number of messages in ITS of big universities or organizations. In ITSs, during online session or teaching process, it may happen that large number of messages coming at student's end or teachers end, hence manual discovering and browsing the many different messages is tedious and time consuming process for end user which is very difficult and impossible during ongoing session. Therefore, our main contribution in this paper is to present automated method which can sorts all messages on behalf of end users. The concept of map generation of fuzzy ontology extraction method is utilized in order to build the concept map using the incoming and posted messages on ongoing session wall. Proposed method is practically evaluated in terms of precision, recall and f-measure metrics.