Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
A comprehensive human computation framework: with application to image labeling

Image and video labeling is important for computers to understand images and videos and for image and video search. Manual labeling is tedious and costly. Automatically image and video labeling is yet a dream. In this paper, we adopt a Web 2.0 approach to labeling images and videos efficiently: Internet users around the world are mobilized to apply their "common sense" to solve problems that are hard for today's computers, such as labeling images and videos. We first propose a general human computation framework that binds problem providers, Web sites, and Internet users together to solve large-scale common sense problems efficiently and economically. The framework addresses the technical challenges such as preventing a malicious party from attacking others, removing answers from bots, and distilling human answers to produce high-quality solutions to the problems. The framework is then applied to labeling images. Three incremental refinement stages are applied. The first stage collects candidate labels of objects in an image. The second stage refines the candidate labels using multiple choices. Synonymic labels are also correlated in this stage. To prevent bots and lazy humans from selecting all the choices, trap labels are generated automatically and intermixed with the candidate labels. Semantic distance is used to ensure that the selected trap labels would be different enough from the candidate labels so that no human users would mistakenly select the trap labels. The last stage is to ask users to locate an object given a label from a segmented image. The experimental results are also reported in this paper. They indicate that our proposed schemes can successfully remove spurious answers from bots and distill human answers to produce high-quality image labels.
Modifying road shape in digital map based on convexity and concavity

With the unprecedented growing of city economy and the crying need for public transportation, the ease of traffic related problems such as traffic jams has been a hard nut to crack everywhere. In this paper, a new method based on convexity and concavity to better position the roads and streets of urban areas in order for further GPS/GIS integrated system, which is used for traffic flow analysis, traffic forecast, traffic induction and car positioning and tracking etc, is proposed. Compared with our previous work, this method can yield better results, and the accuracy that we get can be comparable to Google map. Our experiments are based on the data of the city of Shanghai and the results are very satisfying.
Polar vortices on Earth and Mars: A comparative study of the climatology and variability from reanalyses

Polar vortices on Mars provide case‐studies to aid understanding of geophysical vortex dynamics and may help to resolve long‐standing issues regarding polar vortices on Earth. Due to the recent development of the first publicly available Martian reanalysis dataset (MACDA), for the first time we are able to characterise thoroughly the structure and evolution of the Martian polar vortices, and hence perform a systematic comparison with the polar vortices on Earth. The winter atmospheric circulations of the two planets are compared, with a specific focus on the structure and evolution of the polar vortices. The Martian residual meridional overturning circulation is found to be very similar to the stratospheric residual circulation on Earth during winter. While on Earth this residual circulation is very different from the Eulerian circulation, on Mars it is found to be very similar. Unlike on Earth, it is found that the Martian polar vortices are annular, and that the Northern Hemisphere vortex is far stronger than its southern counterpart. While winter hemisphere differences in vortex strength are also reported on Earth, the contrast is not as large. Distinctions between the two planets are also apparent in terms of the climatological vertical structure of the vortices, in that the Martian polar vortices are observed to decrease in size at higher altitudes, whereas on Earth the opposite is observed. Finally, it is found that the Martian vortices are less variable through the winter than on Earth, especially in terms of the vortex geometry. During one particular major regional dust storm on Mars (Martian year 26), an equatorward displacement of the vortex is observed, sharing some qualitative characteristics of sudden stratospheric warmings on Earth.
What Counts as an Apology? Exploring Stakeholder Perceptions in a Hypothetical Organizational Crisis

Many scholars have studied the role of organizational apologies in crisis communication, but they have defined and operationalized apologies inconsistently. This study uses a grounded theory approach to explore what constitutes an effective organizational apology from the perspective of organizational stakeholders. One hundred participants were asked to imagine being the victims of a data breach at an online retailer and to write the kind of apology they would like to receive from the organization. One hundred more participants were asked to write suggestion lists for how the organization could make its apology effective. These data were analyzed using a constant comparative method. Fifteen apology elements were identified and organized along two dimensions: (a) whether the element involved primarily words or behavior and (b) whether the element focused on fixing the problem or rebuilding relationships. Based on the data, these elements must be combined to make an apology effective with stakeholders.
Introduction to This MPQ Special Issue

MPQ 63. 1_01. indd Page 1 15/11/17 9:45 AM Julie Wargo Aikins, Merrill Palmer Skillman Institute and Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neuroscience; Hilary Horn Ratner, Merrill Palmer Skillman Institute and Department of Psychology. Address correspondence to Julie Wargo Aikins, Merrill Palmer Skillman Institute, 71 East Ferry Street, Detroit, MI 48202. Phone (313) 664-2547. E-mail: julie.wargo. aikins@wayne.edu. Me r r i l l Pa l M e r Qu a r t e r ly , Vo l . 63, No. 1
Management of stable angina: summary of NICE guidance

The management of patients with stable angina presents clinicians and healthcare providers with a major clinical and health economic challenge. The Health Survey for England 2006 reported that around 8% of men and 3% of women aged between 55 and 64 years have or have had angina, and these figures rise to 14% and 8% respectively for men and women aged between 65 and 74 years.1 Large randomised trials suggest that people with stable angina have a good prognosis with an all-cause mortality of around 1.5% a year,2 but population-based studies have reported substantially higher annual cardiovascular death rates.3 4 Moreover, a diagnosis of angina has a significant impact on quality of life, which deteriorates progressively in proportion to the severity of symptoms.5 The Euro Heart survey of 3779 patients with a new diagnosis of stable angina disclosed considerable differences between participating countries in the prescription of anti-anginal drugs, use of non-invasive and invasive investigations and rates of myocardial revascularisation.6 This variation in practice reflects uncertainty about the appropriate management of patients with stable angina and highlights the need for evidence-based clinical guidelines. The recently published NICE clinical guideline (CG126) on the management of stable angina offers advice on treatment of episodes of angina, anti-anginal drug treatment, secondary prevention, the role of risk scores and non-invasive functional investigation, myocardial revascularisation, life-style adjustments and the management of refractory angina. Detailed review of the evidence for the guideline can be found in the full version (http://guidance.nice.org.uk/CG126) and this article summarises the most important recommendations (see box 1). Other NICE clinical guidelines deal with the diagnosis of …
Single Phase Adaptive Reclosure of Transmission Lines Based on EMD Approximate Entropy and LS-SVM with BCC

Empirical mode decomposition (EMD) approximate entropy and least squares support vector machines (LS-SVM) with bacterial colony chemotaxis (BCC) were used to detect the fault signals in single phase earth, and then distinguish the transient faults and permanent faults on transmission lines. After faults occur, different kinds of faults have different complex levels of voltage transient signals which can be measured on busbar. By analyzing the characteristics of the voltage transient signals, this paper used EMD to decompose the voltage transient signals, then calculated the approximate entropy of intrinsic mode functions as the eigenvectors, BCC algorithm is used to optimize LS-SVM, faults are classified using EMD approximate entropy and LS-SVM with BCC. A lot of simulation results of EMTP and matlab calculation show that the method can distinguish the transient faults and permanent faults accurately and verify its correctness and practicability. Compared with LSSVM with grid search, the superiority of applying LS-SVM with BCC to single phase adaptive reclosure is proved. KeywordsEMD; approximate entropy; LS-SVM; BCC; single phase adaptive reclosure; transient faults; permanent faults
The “Macro” World of microRNAs in Hepatocellular Carcinoma

Hepatotropic viruses such as hepatitis B virus (HBV) and hepatitis C virus (HCV) are the major etiological agents associated with development of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Progression of HCC is a multistep process that requires sequential or parallel deregulation of oncogenic and tumor suppressive pathways leading to chromosomal instability and neoplastic phenotype. In the recent years, microRNAs (miRNAs) have carved their own niche alongside oncogenes and tumor suppressors, owing to their innate ability to receive and relay multiple signals. Not surprisingly, miRNAs are fast emerging as central player in myriads of malignancies including HCC. miRNAs are reported to participate in initiation and progression of HCC, and have also been clinically correlated with risk assessment, disease grade, aggressiveness, and prognosis. Despite extensive data available on the role of miRNAs in HCC, there is a pressing need to integrate and evaluate these datasets to find its correlation, if any, with causal agents in order to devise novel interventional modalities. Through this review, we attempt to bridge the gap by consolidating the current knowledge and concepts in the field of HCC-related miRNAs with special emphasis on HBV and HCV. Further, we assess the potential of common as well as unique signatures that may be useful in developing novel biomarkers and therapeutics.
DESDSim: A dynamic energy-saving deployment simulation platform for web server cluster

To facilitate researchers to evaluate a web cluster dynamic energy-saving deployment strategy or choose key parameters for it, this paper proposes a CouldSim-based simulation platform called DESDSim. It can simulate web cluster's actual operation, web request's lifecycle, and three important energy-saving measures, namely server dynamic switching on/off, CPU core's dynamic switching on/off, and CPU dynamic frequency scaling. Rational design of interfaces and classes allows users to easily define their own request load features, energy-saving deployment algorithm, and request scheduling algorithm. Some important indicators, such as average response time, drop rate, and energy consumption, can be calculated by the platform. Specially, for considering various possible states and substates of server, the energy consumption calculation is more accurate. In addition, a threshold-based greedy deployment strategy is proposed and simulated by the platform. It bases on thresholds and greedy idea to schedule requests and adjust cluster's deployment. The simulation results accord with our expectations for the strategy on both energy saving and QoS, which demonstrates the feasibility of DESDSim.
Hand gesture actuated robotic arm’s motion with haptic feedback for surgical applications

Human-robot symbiotic systems have been studied extensively in recent years, considering that robots will play an important role in the future. Similarly robotic surgery has seen a lot of advancement in the past decade. They are based on either a pre-programmed instruction for a particular surgical method or a manually controlled system where the surgeon gives the robot instructions during the surgery. These systems possesses the limitations of poor judgment, limited hand-eye co-ordination, it's rather limited to simple procedures only and really expensive. This paper proposes a simple gyroscopic and force sensitive based robotic arm apparatus which is controlled by hand gestures. Innate hand gestures can be used as a discerning and robust method to interact with the surgical robot. The movement of fingers and wrists of the surgeon procures a signal which is used by the motors of the robotic arm. This unique methodology can be implemented as a resilient telesurgical system for low cost and high accuracy surgical demands.
Stochastic inference with spiking neurons in the high-conductance state

The highly variable dynamics of neocortical circuits observed in vivo have been hypothesized to represent a signature of ongoing stochastic inference but stand in apparent contrast to the deterministic response of neurons measured in vitro. Based on a propagation of the membrane autocorrelation across spike bursts, we provide an analytical derivation of the neural activation function that holds for a large parameter space, including the high-conductance state. On this basis, we show how an ensemble of leaky integrate-and-fire neurons with conductance-based synapses embedded in a spiking environment can attain the correct firing statistics for sampling from a well-defined target distribution. For recurrent networks, we examine convergence toward stationarity in computer simulations and demonstrate sample-based Bayesian inference in a mixed graphical model. This points to a new computational role of high-conductance states and establishes a rigorous link between deterministic neuron models and functional stochastic dynamics on the network level.
Fuzzy virtual torque approach for coverage control of nonholonomic mobile robots

In this paper we study the problem of covering an environment using a group of mobile robots with nonholonomic kinematic and dynamic constraints. We introduce a fuzzy logic based approach in which repulsive and attractive torques generated by fuzzy inference system make a network of robots deploy in an unknown environment, and avoid collision among themselves and with obstacles. In comparison with previous studies, we take into account kinematic and dynamic constraints of nonholonomic mobile robots in the coverage control algorithm and also consider the mobile robots modeled as circular disks instead of being point-robots. Simulation results approve the effectiveness of the proposed method.
TARP Redundancy Is Critical for Maintaining AMPA Receptor Function

Transmembrane AMPA receptor regulatory proteins (TARPs) are AMPA receptor auxiliary subunits that influence diverse aspects of receptor function. However, the full complement of physiological roles for TARPs in vivo remains poorly understood. Here we find that double knock-out mice lacking TARPs γ-2 and γ-3 are profoundly ataxic and fail to thrive. We demonstrate that these TARPs are critical for the synaptic targeting and kinetics of AMPA receptors in cerebellar Golgi cells, but that either alone is sufficient to fully preserve function. By analyzing the few remaining synaptic AMPA receptors in the γ-2, γ-3 double knock-out mice, we unexpectedly find that these TARPs specify AMPA receptor subunit composition. This study establishes a new role for TARPs in regulating AMPA receptor assembly and suggests that TARPs are necessary for proper AMPA receptor localization and function in most, if not all, neurons of the CNS.
A fluid model for layered queueing networks

Layered queueing networks are a useful tool for the performance modeling and prediction of software systems that exhibit complex characteristics such as multiple tiers of service, fork/join interactions, and asynchronous communication. These features generally result in nonproduct form behavior for which particularly efficient approximations based on mean value analysis (MVA) have been devised. This paper reconsiders the accuracy of such techniques by providing an interpretation of layered queueing networks as fluid models. Mediated by an automatic translation into a stochastic process algebra, PEPA, a network is associated with a set of ordinary differential equations (ODEs) whose size is insensitive to the population levels in the system under consideration. A substantial numerical assessment demonstrates that this approach significantly improves the quality of the approximation for typical performance indices such as utilization, throughput, and response time. Furthermore, backed by established theoretical results of asymptotic convergence, the error trend shows monotonic decrease with larger population sizes-a behavior which is found to be in sharp contrast with that of approximate mean value analysis, which instead tends to increase.
COCCIDIOSIS IN YOUNG CALVES

Discharges of blood per rectum, associated with oocysts of coccidia, were observed occurring in young calves during the warmer season of the year. In a small percentage of the cases death was probably due directly to the coccidiosis. Although the disease, known as red dysentery in Switzerland, may have existed in this country for some time, there seems to have been no knowledge of its existence and no reports of it have thus far been published. The coccidia have been artificially cultivated and shown to produce four spores. Two oocysts of quite different dimensions and having minor differential characters were encountered in the same animal in several instances. The invasion of the epithelium of the small intestine was slight. The chief seat of the parasitism was the large intestine. The lesions following the loss of epithelium were superficial hemorrhages and filling up of the denuded tubules with polymorphonuclear leukocytes.
Global budget of methanol : Constraints from atmospheric observations

factor of 3 higher for young than from mature leaves. The atmospheric lifetime of methanol in the model is 7 days; gas-phase oxidation by OH accounts for 63% of the global sink, dry deposition to land 26%, wet deposition 6%, uptake by the ocean 5%, and aqueous-phase oxidation in clouds less than 1%. The resulting simulation of atmospheric concentrations is generally unbiased in the Northern Hemisphere and reproduces the observed correlations of methanol with acetone, HCN, and CO in Asian outflow. Accounting for decreasing emission from leaves as they age is necessary to reproduce the observed seasonal variation of methanol concentrations at northern midlatitudes. The main model discrepancy is over the South Pacific, where simulated concentrations are a factor of 2 too low. Atmospheric production from the CH3O2 self-reaction is the dominant model source in this region. A factor of 2 increase in this source (to 50–100 Tg yr � 1 ) would largely correct the discrepancy and appears consistent with independent constraints on CH3O2 concentrations. Our resulting best estimate of the global source of methanol is 240 Tg yr � 1 . More observations of methanol concentrations and fluxes are needed over tropical continents. Better knowledge is needed of CH3O2 concentrations in the remote troposphere and of the underlying organic chemistry.
Gabor-Based RCM Features for Ear Recognition

Ear biometrics has received deficient attention compared to the more popular techniques of face, eye, or fingerprint recognition. The ear as a biometric is no longer in its infancy and it has shown encouraging progress so far. ears have played an important role in forensic science for many years, especially in the United States, where an ear classification system based on manual measurements was developed by (Iannarelli, 1989). In recent years, biometrics recognition technology has been widely investigated and developed. Human ear, as a new biometric, not only extends existing biometrics, but also has its own characteristics which are different from others. Iannarelli has shown that human ear is one of the representative human biometrics with uniqueness and stability (Iannarelli, 1989). Since ear as a major feature for human identification was firstly measured in 1890 by Alphonse Bertillon, so-called ear prints have been used in the forensic science for a long time (Bertillon, 1890). Ears have certain advantages over the more established biometrics; as Bertillon pointed out, they have a rich and stable structure that does not suffer from the changes of ages, skin-color, cosmetics, and hairstyles. Also the ear does not suffer from changes in facial expression, and is firmly fixed in the middle of the side of the head so that the background is more predictable than is the case for face recognition which usually requires the face to be captured against a controlled background. The ear is large compared with the iris, retina, and fingerprint and therefore is more easily captured at a distance. We presented gabor-based region covariance matrix as an efficient feature for ear recognition. In this method, we construct a region covariance matrix by using gabor features, illumination intensity component, and pixel location, and use it as an efficient and robust ear descriptor for recognizing peoples. The feasibility of the proposed method has been successfully tested on ear recognition using two USTB databases, specifically used total 488 ear images corresponding to 137 persons. The effectiveness of the proposed method is shown in terms of the comparative performance against some popular ear recognition methods. This chapter is organized as follows. In section 2, related works are presented. In section 3, region covariance matrix (RCM) and the method for fast RCM computation are presented. In section 4, the proposed method presented in detail. In section 5, ear image databases are introduced. In section 6, experimental results are shown and commented. The chapter concludes in section 7.
Tapping the nucleotide pool of the host: novel nucleotide carrier proteins of Protochlamydia amoebophila

Protochlamydia amoebophila UWE25 is related to the Chlamydiaceae comprising major pathogens of humans, but thrives as obligate intracellular symbiont in the protozoan host Acanthamoeba sp. The genome of P. amoebophila encodes five paralogous carrier proteins belonging to the nucleotide transporter (NTT) family. Here we report on three P. amoebophila NTT isoforms, PamNTT2, PamNTT3 and PamNTT5, which possess several conserved amino acid residues known to be critical for nucleotide transport. We demonstrated that these carrier proteins are able to transport nucleotides, although substrate specificities and mode of transport differ in an unexpected manner and are unique among known NTTs. PamNTT2 is a counter exchange transporter exhibiting submillimolar apparent affinities for all four RNA nucleotides, PamNTT3 catalyses an unidirectional proton‐coupled transport confined to UTP, whereas PamNTT5 mediates a proton‐energized GTP and ATP import. All NTT genes of P. amoebophila are transcribed during intracellular multiplication in acanthamoebae. The biochemical characterization of all five NTT proteins from P. amoebophila in this and previous studies uncovered that these metabolically impaired bacteria are intimately connected with their host cell’s metabolism in a surprisingly complex manner.