Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
A structured multi-signature scheme and its security proof

A new structured multi-signature scheme is proposed based on a sequential multi-signature scheme. The advantages of the proposed scheme are as follows: the multi-signature is a co-signature which is generated by multiple signers in collaborative, rather than accumulating per signer's single signature; the order of signature doesn't need to be fixed beforehand; any secret messages can be transmitted between different signers with confidentiality and integrality guarantee in the scheme; the length of signature is independent of signer's number. The proposed scheme can against existing attacks to multi-signature. The security of scheme is proved based on the difficulty assumption of factoring and quadratic residue in the random oracle model.
HIV-1 Trans Infection of CD4+ T Cells by Professional Antigen Presenting Cells

Since the 1990s we have known of the fascinating ability of a complex set of professional antigen presenting cells (APCs; dendritic cells, monocytes/macrophages, and B lymphocytes) to mediate HIV-1 trans infection of CD4+ T cells. This results in a burst of virus replication in the T cells that is much greater than that resulting from direct, cis infection of either APC or T cells, or trans infection between T cells. Such APC-to-T cell trans infection first involves a complex set of virus subtype, attachment, entry, and replication patterns that have many similarities among APC, as well as distinct differences related to virus receptors, intracellular trafficking, and productive and nonproductive replication pathways. The end result is that HIV-1 can sequester within the APC for several days and be transmitted via membrane extensions intracellularly and extracellularly to T cells across the virologic synapse. Virus replication requires activated T cells that can develop concurrently with the events of virus transmission. Further research is essential to fill the many gaps in our understanding of these trans infection processes and their role in natural HIV-1 infection.
Post-concussion syndrome after a mild traumatic brain injury: a minefield for clinical practice

In this clinical practice review, the controversies and difficulties managing post concussion symptoms following mild traumatic brain injury are discussed. Based on considerable clinical experience in a designated Concussion Clinic, the authors (a neuropsychologist, a psychiatrist, and a neurologist) review relevant literature and issues for clinical practice, particularly with respect to understanding risk factors for and vulnerability to, development of chronic post-concussion symptoms. We contend it is not just the kind of head that matters but also the kind of complications, the kind of outcomes and the kind of management that can influence injury recovery. Given these complexities, a bio-psychosocial conceptualization of chronic post-concussion syndrome is appropriate. Though understanding is still elusive, management should not be biased by physiogenic or psychogenic aetiological theories for management needs to address patient reported outcomes regardless of underpinning aetiology.
Segmenting Moving Objects in MPEG Videos in the Presence of Camera Motion

The distinction of translational and rotational camera motion and the recognition of moving objects is an important topic for scientific film studies. In this paper, we present an approach to distinguish between camera and object motion in MPEG videos and provide a pixel-accurate segmentation of moving objects. Compressed domain features are used as far as possible in order to reduce computation time. First, camera motion parameters are estimated and translational movements are distinguished from rotational movements based on a three-dimensional (3D) camera model. Then, motion vectors which do not fit to the camera motion estimate are assigned to object clusters. The moving object information is utilized to refine the camera motion estimate, and a novel compressed domain tracking algorithm is applied to verify the temporal consistency of detected objects. In contrast to previous approaches, the tracking of both moving objects and background allows to perform their separation iteratively only once per shot. The object boundary is estimated with pixel accuracy via active contour models. Experimental results demonstrate the feasibility of the proposed algorithm.
Mitochondrial Acclimation Capacities to Ocean Warming and Acidification Are Limited in the Antarctic Nototheniid Fish, Notothenia rossii and Lepidonotothen squamifrons

Antarctic notothenioid fish are characterized by their evolutionary adaptation to the cold, thermostable Southern Ocean, which is associated with unique physiological adaptations to withstand the cold and reduce energetic requirements but also entails limited compensation capacities to environmental change. This study compares the capacities of mitochondrial acclimation to ocean warming and acidification between the Antarctic nototheniid Notothenia rossii and the sub-Antarctic Lepidonotothen squamifrons, which share a similar ecology, but different habitat temperatures. After acclimation of L. squamifrons to 9°C and N. rossii to 7°C (normocapnic/hypercapnic, 0.2 kPa CO2/2000 ppm CO2) for 4–6 weeks, we compared the capacities of their mitochondrial respiratory complexes I (CI) and II (CII), their P/O ratios (phosphorylation efficiency), proton leak capacities and mitochondrial membrane fatty acid compositions. Our results reveal reduced CII respiration rates in warm-acclimated L. squamifrons and cold hypercapnia-acclimated N. rossii. Generally, L. squamifrons displayed a greater ability to increase CI contribution during acute warming and after warm-acclimation than N. rossii. Membrane unsaturation was not altered by warm or hypercapnia-acclimation in both species, but membrane fatty acids of warm-acclimated L. squamifrons were less saturated than in warm normocapnia−/hypercapnia-acclimated N. rossii. Proton leak capacities were not affected by warm or hypercapnia-acclimation of N. rossii. We conclude that an acclimatory response of mitochondrial capacities may include higher thermal plasticity of CI supported by enhanced utilization of anaplerotic substrates (via oxidative decarboxylation reactions) feeding into the citrate cycle. L. squamifrons possesses higher relative CI plasticities than N. rossii, which may facilitate the usage of energy efficient NADH-related substrates under conditions of elevated energy demand, possibly induced by ocean warming and acidification. The observed adjustments of electron transport system complexes with a higher flux through CI under warming and acidification suggest a metabolic acclimation potential of the sub-Antarctic L. squamifrons, but only limited acclimation capacities for N. rossii.
Development of a Curved, Stratified, In Vitro Model to Assess Ocular Biocompatibility

Purpose To further improve in vitro models of the cornea, this study focused on the creation of a three-dimensional, stratified, curved epithelium; and the subsequent characterization and evaluation of its suitability as a model for biocompatibility testing. Methods Immortalized human corneal epithelial cells were grown to confluency on curved cellulose filters for seven days, and were then differentiated and stratified using an air-liquid interface for seven days before testing. Varying concentrations of a commercial ophthalmic solution containing benzalkonium chloride (BAK), a known cytotoxic agent, and two relevant ocular surfactants were tested on the model. A whole balafilcon A lens soaked in phosphate buffered saline (BA PBS) was also used to assess biocompatibility and verify the validity of the model. Viability assays as well as flow cytometry were performed on the cells to investigate changes in cell death and integrin expression. Results The reconstructed curved corneal epithelium was composed of 3–5 layers of cells. Increasing concentrations of BAK showed dose-dependent decreased cell viability and increased integrin expression and cell death. No significant change in viability was observed in the presence of the surfactants. As expected, the BA PBS combination appeared to be very biocompatible with no adverse change in cell viability or integrin expression. Conclusions The stratified, curved, epithelial model proved to be sensitive to distinct changes in cytotoxicity and is suitable for continued assessment for biocompatibility testing of contact lenses. Our results showed that flow cytometry can provide a quantitative measure of the cell response to biomaterials or cytotoxic compounds for both the supernatant and adherent cell populations. As a specifically designed in vitro model of the corneal epithelium, this quantitative model for biocompatibility at the ocular surface may help improve our understanding of cell-material interactions and reduce the use of animal testing.
The SP theory of intelligence and the SP machine , in brief

∗Dr Gerry Wolff, BA (Cantab), PhD (Wales), CEng, MBCS (CITP); CognitionResearch.org, Menai Bridge, UK; jgw@cognitionresearch.org; +44 (0) 1248 712962; +44 (0) 7746 290775; Skype: gerry.wolff; Web: www.cognitionresearch.org. The name “SP” is short for Simplicity and Power, because compression of any given body of information, I, may be seen as a process of reducing “redundancy” of information in I and thus increasing its “simplicity”, whilst retaining as much as possible of its non-redundant descriptive and explanatory “power”.
Intervertebral Disc Repair by Autologous Mesenchymal Bone Marrow Cells: A Pilot Study

Background. Degenerative disc disease may cause severe low-back pain, a large public health problem with significant economic and life quality impact. Chronic cases often require surgery, which may lead to biomechanical problems and accelerated degeneration of the adjacent segments. Cell-based therapies may circumvent these problems and have exhibited encouraging results in vitro and in animal studies. We designed a pilot study to assess feasibility and safety and to obtain early indications on efficacy of treatment with mesenchymal stem cells (MSC) in humans. Methods. Ten patients with chronic back pain diagnosed with lumbar disc degeneration with intact annulus fibrosus were treated with autologous expanded bone marrow MSC injected into the nucleus pulposus area. Clinical evolution was followed for 1 year and included evaluation of back pain, disability, and quality of life. Magnetic resonance imaging measurements of disc height and fluid content were also performed. Results. Feasibility and safety were confirmed and strong indications of clinical efficacy identified. Patients exhibited rapid improvement of pain and disability (85% of maximum in 3 months) that approached 71% of optimal efficacy. This outcome compares favorably with the results of other procedures such as spinal fusion or total disc replacement. Although disc height was not recovered, water content was significantly elevated at 12 months. Conclusions. MSC therapy may be a valid alternative treatment for chronic back pain caused by degenerative disc disease. Advantages over current gold standards include simpler and more conservative intervention without surgery, preservation of normal biomechanics, and same or better pain relief.
Extended Generative Lexicon

This paper proposes an elaboration of the Generative Lexicon (GL) in Pustejovsky (1995) based on a survey of BCCWJ (2009). I manually classified the JapaneseNP1-no NP2 “NP1’s NP2” construction in accordance with semantic relations between the two nominals. The result indicates the need for the expansion of GL for computing the meaning of the NP1no NP2 construction by incorporating referential module, as I call, that predicates temporary location, time, and manner of the referent. For example, in ma-no nihon “the present Japan,” ima-no modifies the time of the event argument in the referential module.
Authentication protocols with nonrepudiation services in personal communication systems

Through the combination of public-key digital signature and hash-chaining techniques, a new set of authentication protocols is proposed with the capability of arbitrating disputed bills. These protocols provide security services required by regular authentication protocols and are efficient in consideration of the specific personal communication systems (PCS) environment. They protect subscribers from incorrect service charges and provide service providers legal evidence to collect bills that are denied. They also help identify whether an accounting error, an internal fraud, or a security breach of the service provider causes the incorrect service charge.
Content-based image retrieval in surface inspection

In this paper, a prototype system is described for the management and content-based retrieval of defect images in huge image databases. This is a real problem in surface inspection applications, since modern inspection systems may produce up to thousands of defect images in a day. The retrieval is based on shape and internal structure characteristics of defects, so neither manual labeling nor annotation needs to be made. We are using a noncommercial, generic content-based image retrieval (CBIR) system called PicSOM that is modified to fit the special requirements of our application. The results of experiments show that the prototype system works fast with good retrieval results.
Low complexity acquisition of GPS signals

In this paper, a low complexity algorithm for GPS signal acquisition is proposed. It is shown that the samples acquired by a bank of much fewer correlators suffice to detect the GPS signals in contrast to that in existing GPS acquisition algorithms. Our acquisition scheme is based on the recently developed analog compressed sensing framework and employs compressive multichannel correlators as the matched filters, which allows to identify the strongest satellite signals in the field of view and pinpoint the correct code-phase and Doppler shifts for acquisition.
Semi-supervised Identification of Rarely Appearing Persons in Video by Correcting Weak Labels

Some recent approaches for character identification in movies and TV broadcasts are realized in a semi-supervised manner by assigning transcripts and/or subtitles to the speakers. However, the labels obtained in this way achieve only an accuracy of $80\% - 90\%$ and the number of training examples for the different actors is unevenly distributed. In this paper, we propose a novel approach for person identification in video by correcting and extending the training data with reliable predictions to reduce the number of annotation errors. Furthermore, the intra-class diversity of rarely speaking characters is enhanced. To address the imbalance of training data per person, we suggest two complementary prediction scores. These scores are also used to recognize whether or not a face track belongs to a (supporting) character whose identity does not appear in the transcript etc. Experimental results demonstrate the feasibility of the proposed approach, outperforming the current state of the art.
eXLEpse : An Eclipse-based, Easy-to-Use Editor for Computational LFG Grammars

We present eXLEpse, an easy-to-use editor for creating computational grammars based on the Lexical-Functional Grammar (LFG) formalism (Dalrymple, 2001). The editor is implemented as a plugin for the open-source program development platform Eclipse. eXLEpse provides functionality for editing computational LFG grammars and an interface to the XLE grammar development platform (Crouch et al., 2011). The editor can replace Emacs as an editor and provides a graphically enriched user interface as an alternative to the shell-based interface of the XLE platform. It is available free of charge on the internet.
Niche Occupation Limits Adaptive Radiation in Experimental Microcosms

Adaptive radiations have played a key role in the evolution of biological diversity. The breadth of adaptive radiation in an invading lineage is likely to be influenced by the availability of ecological niches, which will be determined to some extent by the diversity of the resident community. High resident diversity may result in existing ecological niches being filled, inhibiting subsequent adaptive radiation. Conversely, high resident diversity could result in the creation of novel ecological niches or an increase in within niche competition driving niche partitioning, thus promoting subsequent diversification. We tested the role of resident diversity on adaptive radiations in experimental populations of the bacterium Pseudomonas fluorescens that readily diversify into a range of niche specialists when grown in a heterogeneous environment. We allowed an undiversified strain to invade resident communities that varied in the number of niche specialists. The breadth of adaptive radiation attainable by an invading lineage decreased with increasing niche occupation of the resident community. Our results highlight the importance of niche occupation as a constraint on adaptive radiation.
d-Omix: a mixer of generic protein domain analysis tools

Domain combination provides important clues to the roles of protein domains in protein function, interaction and evolution. We have developed a web server d-Omix (a Mixer of Protein Domain Analysis Tools) aiming as a unified platform to analyze, compare and visualize protein data sets in various aspects of protein domain combinations. With InterProScan files for protein sets of interest provided by users, the server incorporates four services for domain analyses. First, it constructs protein phylogenetic tree based on a distance matrix calculated from protein domain architectures (DAs), allowing the comparison with a sequence-based tree. Second, it calculates and visualizes the versatility, abundance and co-presence of protein domains via a domain graph. Third, it compares the similarity of proteins based on DA alignment. Fourth, it builds a putative protein network derived from domain–domain interactions from DOMINE. Users may select a variety of input data files and flexibly choose domain search tools (e.g. hmmpfam, superfamily) for a specific analysis. Results from the d-Omix could be interactively explored and exported into various formats such as SVG, JPG, BMP and CSV. Users with only protein sequences could prepare an InterProScan file using a service provided by the server as well. The d-Omix web server is freely available at http://www.biotec. or.th/isl/Domix.
Proportionate-type hard thresholding adaptive filter for sparse system identification

Recently proposed Hard Thresholding based Adaptive Filtering (HTAF) algorithm provides an on-line counterpart of a compressed sensing based greedy sparse recovery algorithm called iterative hard thresholding (IHT) by constructing a sliding-window based cost function. This leads to an adaptive algorithm with data reuse gradient term (i.e. with multi-regressors) followed by a fixed hard thresholding operator. The HTAF algorithm achieves both robustness against colored input (due to the data reuse in gradient update) and smaller steady state error (due to hard thresholding operator) while identifying a sparse system. In this paper, we propose a new sparse adaptive technique called Proportionate type Hard Thresholding Adaptive Filter (PtHTAF) using a proportionate-type gradient update followed by a variable hard thresholding operator. The proposed PtHTAF algorithm enjoys faster initial convergence rate (due to proportionate type gradient update) while maintaining low steady-state excess mean square error like the HTAF. Simulation results establish superiority of the proposed algorithm over existing sparse adaptive algorithms.
Complete analysis of the Eigen functions of Fourier transform

In this paper, we proposed an analysis of Eigen functions of the n-Dimensional Fourier transform. We extended the theory developed in our previous publication [1]. We applied our extended theory of systematic construction of Eigen function concept for sine and cosine functions. We explained the concept in a clear way through example construction of Eigen functions of 1-D and 2-D Fourier transform for real even case with negative Eigen value. PP Vaidyanathan discussed in his paper [2] that construction of complex Eigen function f1+ jf2 is possible when both functions f1 and f2 are either real even or real odd. But he didn't discuss what will happen when f1 and f2 are different. We subjected this concept and derived the necessary expressions for complex Eigen functions when function f1 is even and function f2 is odd vice versa.
Study on remote PLC experiment system based on web

According to requirements, a solution of remote PLC experiment system has been introduced, including total architecture, hardware and software design. We made a remote experiment in order to control simple mechanical equipment with S7–200 PLC. Then through CP243-1IT, mechanism, PLC, server and clients from internet are mutually connected. By visiting lab web and operating panel of console interface, students can finish required tests at any time. Exams indicate that the scheme of system is feasible.
Deoxynucleotide-polymerizing enzymes in normal and malignant human cells.

The cytoplasmic (175,000 × g supernatant) and the chromatin fractions from phytohemagglutinin-stimulated normal human lymphocytes, human thymus tissue, lymphocytes from chronic lymphocytic leukemia and acute lymphoblastic leukemia patients and cultured cells of normal (RPMI 1788), multiple myeloma (RPMI 8226), Burkitt lymphoma (HR1K), and acute lymphoblastic leukemia (Molt-4) origin were examined for deoxynucleotide-polymerizing enzymes by diethylaminoethyl cellulose and phosphocellulose chromatography, glycerol gradient centrifugation, and other properties. In all the cells examined, 6 to 7 S (polyribosyladenyl acid-dependent polymerase, 3 to 4 S DNA-directed DNA polymerase, and 3 to 4 S terminal deoxynucleotidyltransferase were found both in the cytoplasmic (latter two enzymes only in small amounts) and in the chromatin fraction; whereas 6 to 7 S DNA-directed DNA polymerase was found only in the cytoplasmic fraction. In glycerol gradients containing 0.1 m NaCl, the 6 to 7 S DNA-directed DNA polymerase and 6 to 7 S polyribosyladenylic acid-dependent DNA polymerase sedimented as 10 S aggregate and the 3 to 4 S DNA-directed DNA polymerase sedimented as the 7 S aggregate, whereas at 0.2 to 0.4 m NaCl they sedimented in unaggregated form. Both 3 to 4 S DNA-directed DNA polymerase and 6 to 7 S polyribosyladenylic acid-dependent DNA polymerase could give double peaks on diethylaminoethyl cellulose column. In addition to this examination of chromatographic and glycerol gradient behavior of enzymes, the template-primer and metal requirements and the effect of sulfhydryl inhibitors and monovalent cations were also studied. These results, in addition to the demonstration of four doexynucleotide-polymerizing enzymes in the two fractions examined, showed that terminal deoxynucleotidyltransferase was not specific for thymus or thymocytes. The results also suggest that several analytical steps as used here may be necessary to avoid reporting of artifact peaks as new enzymes.
Surfaces To Lines: Rendering Rich Line Drawings

Rendering algorithms have tended to restrict themselves to represent the eeect of light sources on scenes as could be observed by the human eye. For certain applications, like teaching surgery and anatomy, somewhat more schematic renditions are called for. Such graphics tend to be line-oriented and encode other information than just the eeect of light. In the lack of appropriate computer-based tools, such images are practically always drawn by hand by a scientiic illustrator. In this paper, we study techniques for rendering what we call rich line drawings. We develop tools for selectively mapping attributes of surfaces of an object onto lines which depict it. This enables us to render images which encode only those properties which are needed for the application at hand.