Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
A three-dimensional view of software ecosystems

The concept of a Software ecosystem is gaining in popularity amongst large organizations and inherently relies on the adoption of common architectural development for multiple product development. The adoption of these approaches represents a significant shift in traditional software development style and process methodology. Currently several organizations are in practice with this new process model which embraces business, third party involvement and open architecture as its central pillars and these institutions have thrived as a result. The advent of software ecosystems have caused major players in the software industry to rethink their operating practices and engage with third parties, opening their platforms to external entities to attain business objectives. In this paper we present a three dimensional view of the software ecosystem model examine the role played by each of the three central pillars; business; architecture; and social aspects. We further highlight their relationships and conclude that this study will help in further aiding understanding of the overall engineering process of ecosystem software.
Directed symbolic execution for binary vulnerability mining

Despite more than two decades of independent, academic, and industry-related research, software vulnerabilities remain the main reason that undermine the security of our systems. Taint analysis and symbolic execution are among the most promising approaches for vulnerability detection, but either one can't remit the problem separately. In this paper, we try to combine taint analysis and symbolic execution for binary vulnerability mining and proposed a method named directed symbolic execution. Our three-step approach firstly adopts dynamic taint analysis technology to identify the safety-related data, and then uses symbolic execution system to execute the binary software while marks those safety-related data as symbols, and finally discovers vulnerabilities with our check-model. The evaluation shows that our method can be used to detect vulnerabilities in binary software more efficiently.
Effects of defaunation on fermentation characteristics and biotin balance in an artificial rumen-simulation system (RUSITEC) receiving diets with different amounts and types of cereal

Biotin is required by rumen microbes for efficient fermentation. To evaluate the role of protozoa in ruminal biotin metabolism, five diets composed of grass hay or of grass hay/cereal grain mixtures were supplied to faunated or defaunated RUSITEC fermenters. In the mixed diets, hay was replaced to 33:67 or 67:33 w/w on an air-dried basis by either wheat or maize grain in order to simulate different cellulolytic and amylolytic fermentation conditions. Defaunation increased SCFA production, whereas NH4 concentration and the release of CH4 were reduced. Biotin input declined when cereal grain was used to replace the hay. With the exception of the high-wheat treatment, defaunated fermenters yielded higher biotin outputs than faunated fermenters. The biotin balance, calculated as the difference between the total biotin output (biotin in the solid residue contained in the nylon bags after fermentation plus the biotin in the effluent) and the biotin input with the feed, was negative for all the dietary treatments apart from fermenters supplied with the high-maize diet. It was less negative or, in the case of the high-maize diets, more positive for defaunated compared with faunated fermenters. It was concluded that, under normal faunated conditions, protozoa directly utilise or indirectly affect the bacterial synthesis and/or utilisation of biotin. With diets of a high fermentation potential, as realised with the high-wheat diet, protozoa prevent the development of a bacterial population that would utilise high or synthesise low amounts of biotin.
Political Opportunity and the TEA Party – Why and Where TEA Party Protests Occurred

The TEA Party initially formed in 2009 to protest excessive government spending and skyrocketing debt. Very quickly their message caught on with many Americans across the country. Local groups sprouted up across America without any hierarchical organization directing their efforts. While some national TEA Party groups provide training and funding to certain local organizations, many of these local groups remain fiercely independent of any national affiliation. By examining their most basic political tool, the protest, this paper explains why the TEA Party movement chose certain congressional districts to hold its protests. It discovers that the TEA Party rationally chose certain moderate to conservative districts in which to hold protests. They represented the greatest opportunity for the TEA Party to successfully accomplish its goals.
Saliency analysis based on depth contrast increased

Humans can understand their surroundings by an additional depth cue that provides by stereopsis, which plays an important role in the human visual system. Recently, depth saliency has been attracted much attention. But depth image differs a lot from color image. Feature extraction in depth image is an important problem in depth saliency analysis. Previous studies always extract features from depth map directly. This paper proposes a method which can make the saliency analysis easier and more accurate by increasing the depth contrast between the salient object and distractors. Then, we extended a recent saliency analysis approach to evaluate the saliency of the difference map. Finally, after the optimization by depth information and color information the final saliency map can be obtained. Our experiments on public dataset show that our method significantly outperforms state-of-the-art.
Pengaruh Budaya Organisasi terhadap Motivasi Kerja dan Kinerja Karyawan Klumpu Bali Resort Sanur

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menguji pengaruh budaya organisasi terhadap motivasi kerja dan kinerja karyawan Klumpu Bali Resort Sanur. Penelitian ini dilakukan di Klumpu Bali Resort Sanur dengan menggunakan sampel jenuh yaitu 52 orang karyawan. Data diperoleh melalui wawancara dan melalui penyebaran kuisioner dengan menggunakan skala Likert.Data dianalisis menggunakan analisis deskriptif, analisis faktor konfirmatori dan analisis jalur.Hasil penelitian menyimpulkan bahwa budaya organisasi berpengaruh positif dan signifikan terhadap motivasi kerja karyawan, semakin baik budaya organisasi maka semakin tinggi tingkat motivasi kerja yang dimiliki oleh karyawan.Selanjutnya ditemukan bahwa budaya organisasi dan motivasi kerja juga berpengaruh positif dan signifikan terhadap kinerja karyawan, dimana jika budaya organisasi semakin baikdan motivasi kerja semakin tinggi maka dapat memberikan efek pada peningkatan kinerja karyawan. Kata Kunci: budaya organisasi, motivasi kerja, kinerja karyawan
Evaluation of LDMOS transistors for 10 Gbps switched mode applications and X-band power amplifier

In this article we report on the capability of integrated LDMOS transistors for power amplifiers in 10 gigabit per second (Gbps) communication systems, smart power systems and X-band power amplifiers. The switched mode properties of the amplifier were evaluated using a 10.3125 Gbps pseudo random bit error sequence (PRBS) signal. A test mask according to the IEEE P802.3aq 10GBASE-LRM Ethernet standard was applied to evaluate the recorded eye diagram. No single hit was detected in the forbidden test mask regions after measuring 6 million data points. Load-pull measurements at 11 GHz show an operational gain of 16 dB, a maximum power added efficiency (PAE) of 30 % and a maximum drain efficiency (EFF) of 38 %. RF small signal scattering parameters of the LDMOS transistor were measured up to 67 GHz. A cutoff frequency of 27 GHz and a maximum oscillation frequency of 61 GHz were extracted. The investigated n-LDMOS transistor is modularly integrated into a 0.25 μm SiGe:C BiCMOS Technology.
Testing Dimension Reduction Methods for Text Retrieval

In this paper, we compare performance of several dimension reduction techniques, namely LSI, random projections and FastMap. The qualitative comparison is based on rank lists and evaluated on a subset of TREC 5 collection and corresponding TREC 8 ad-hoc queries. Moreover, projection times and intrinsic dimensionality were measured to present a common baseline for methods' usability.
Frequency scanning study of sub-synchronous resonance in power systems

This paper presents a frequency scanning analysis for detecting the potential of subsynchronous resonance (SSR) in induction generator based wind farms. Two types of induction generator: single-cage and double-cage based wind farms are considered. The wind farms are connected to modified IEEE First Benchmark and IEEE Second Benchmark System. Detailed positive sequence model of the study systems are developed and frequency scanning is carried out by calculating effective impedance looking from the rotor circuit of the induction generators. It is found that induction generator based wind farms are quite susceptible to SSR due to induction generator effect when they are connected to IEEE First Benchmark System. In this case, SSR may occur at realistic levels of series compensation if the wind farms employ double-cage induction generators. Incidentally, no SSR phenomenon is found in wind farms which are connected to IEEE Second Benchmark System. The frequency scanning results are compared and validated with eigenvalue analysis. Hence, frequency scanning technique can be successfully utilized for initial investigation of any potential for SSR in wind farms connected to a series compensated transmission line.
Distributed parameter modelling of urban residential energy demand

The paper presents a conceptual model illustrating the potential use of remotely sensed imagery for improving the prediction of residential energy demand in urban areas. The model is composed of four seqments: (1) the evaluation, selection, and application of existing econometric models built to predict energy demand (2) the use of data from remote sensor systems and collateral sources to provide spatially distributed estimates of the magnitude of and change in the independent variables contained in the econometric models (3) the use of imagery from successive time periods to construct a predictive land use change model and (4) the development of a predictive energy demand model based on changing land use patterns. Such a model, when fully operational, could effectively attain two important goals: (1) provide the ability to forecast gross future energy consumption and (2) have the capability to predict the spatial location of such future demand. The research reported describes a conceptual model designed to predict the magnitude and location of residential energy demand in an urban environment and also predict its future location.
COLLECTIVISM AND ITS CONSEQUENCES FOR ORGANIZATIONAL CULTURE

Collectivism is a peoples’ tendency to think of themselves as parts of different collectives and subordinate their behavior to norms, duties, and obligations imposed by these collectives. The collectivistic attitudes influence, besides other social institutions, also the organizational behavior. The main goal of this study was to explore how three different types of collectivist attitudes (familism, companionship, and patriotism) shape organizational culture in the context of various sociodemographic characteristics, including ethnicity. One thousand three hundred and twenty eight employees from 16 different organizations in Estonia were studied in respect to their attitudes towards organizational culture and collectivism. It was demonstrated that independently of sociodemographic variables, the collectivistic attitudes were related to the way the organization members accept organizational goals and evaluate in terpersonal relationships within the organization. The constructed model of the relationship between collectivistic and organizational attitudes revealed potential sources of organizational tension, namely, between work and family, between workers and adminis trators, and between different ethnic groups with diverse cultural background.
National Environmental Policy Act: a view of intent and practice

Creative and innovative intentions boldly stated in the preambles of legislation become diluted and deferred in the practical chore of translating what legislatures say into what government does. However, the National Environmental Policy Act of 1969 (NEPA) is an exception to the general rule that the targets and goals of the formulators of policy ebb away as the implementors take over. In NEPA's case, the objectives were expanded during implementation, and the impact of the Act was enhanced beyond initial expectations. This article argues that the goals of NEPA have been reinterpreted and in many ways extended beyond those intended by the sponsors and states that there is much disagreement among NEPA scholars about the locus and extent of the impact. There is little question, though, that NEPA has changed the influence of participants in environmental policymaking. Here, the aims are: (1) to revisit the legislative process, to recreate the decision-making context, and to recall the motives and intentions of several key legislative actors; and (2) to comment upon events, from the frame of reference of a close observer and staff participant with some insight into congressional intent, that have occurred in a half dozen years of implementation. (MCW)
Very small embryonic/epiblast-like stem cells (VSELs) and their potential role in aging and organ rejuvenation – an update and comparison to other primitive small stem cells isolated from adult tissues

Very small embryonic-like stem cells (VSELs) are a population of developmentally early stem cells residing in adult tissues. These rare cells, which are slightly smaller than red blood cells, i) become mobilized during stress situations into peripheral blood, ii) are enriched in the Sca1+Lin−CD45− cell fraction in mice and the CD133+ Lin−CD45− cell fraction in humans, iii) express markers of pluripotent stem cells (e.g., Oct4, Nanog, and SSEA), and iv) display a distinct morphology characterized by a high nuclear/cytoplasmic ratio and undifferentiated chromatin. Recent evidence indicates that murine VSELs are kept quiescent in adult tissues and protected from teratoma formation by epigenetic modification of imprinted genes that regulate insulin/insulin like growth factor signaling (IIS). The successful reversal of these epigenetic changes in VSELs that render them quiescent will be crucial for efficient expansion of these cells. The most recent data in vivo from our and other laboratories demonstrated that both murine and human VSELs exhibit some characteristics of long-term repopulating hematopoietic stem cells (LT-HSCs), are at the top of the hierarchy in the mesenchymal lineage, and may differentiate into organ-specific cells (e.g., cardiomyocytes). Moreover, as recently demonstrated the number of these cells positively correlates in several murine models with longevity. Finally, while murine BM-derived VSELs have been extensively characterized more work is needed to better characterize these small cells at the molecular level in humans.
Stimulation by Toll-Like Receptors Inhibits Osteoclast Differentiation1

Osteoclasts, the cells capable of resorbing bone, are derived from hemopoietic precursor cells of monocyte-macrophage lineage. The same precursor cells can also give rise to macrophages and dendritic cells, which are essential for proper immune responses to various pathogens. Immune responses to microbial pathogens are often triggered because various microbial components induce the maturation and activation of immunoregulatory cells such as macrophages or dendritic cells by stimulating Toll-like receptors (TLRs). Since osteoclasts arise from the same precursors as macrophages, we tested whether TLRs play any role during osteoclast differentiation. We showed here that osteoclast precursors prepared from mouse bone marrow cells expressed all known murine TLRs (TLR1-TLR9). Moreover, various TLR ligands (e.g., peptidoglycan, poly(I:C) dsRNA, LPS, and CpG motif of unmethylated DNA, which act as ligands for TLR2, 3, 4, and 9, respectively) induced NF-κB activation and up-regulated TNF-α production in osteoclast precursor cells. Unexpectedly, however, TLR stimulation of osteoclast precursors by these microbial products strongly inhibited their differentiation into multinucleated, mature osteoclasts induced by TNF-related activation-induced cytokine. Rather, TLR stimulation maintained the phagocytic activity of osteoclast precursors in the presence of osteoclastogenic stimuli M-CSF and TNF-related activation-induced cytokine. Taken together, these results suggest that TLR stimulation of osteoclast precursors inhibits their differentiation into noninflammatory mature osteoclasts during microbial infection. This process favors immune responses and may be critical to prevent pathogenic effects of microbial invasion on bone.
Proof Methods for Corecursive Programs

Recursion is a well-known and powerful programming technique, with a wide variety of applications. The dual technique of corecursion is less well-known, but is increasingly proving to be just as useful. This article is a tutorial on the four main methods for proving properties of corecursive programs: fixpoint induction, the approximation (or take) lemma, coinduction, and fusion.
Handwriting Model Adjustable to Writers

A new handwriting model is proposed for simulating complex handwriting variation in obedience to individual handwriting tendencies. Individual handwriting t,endency is represented as a set of deformation rules each of which deforms one structure of pen movements. Characters are represented as hierarchical descriptions of pen movements, so that deformation rules for various types of pen movements structure can be easily and uniformly applied to characters. Several writers' handwriting of Kanji characters have been simulated using this model and the experimental results demonstrate t.he capability of this model.
An inducible, modular system for spatio-temporal control of gene expression in stomatal guard cells

Stomata, flanked by pairs of guard cells, are small pores on the leaf surfaces of plants and they function to control gas exchange between plants and the atmosphere. Stomata will open when water is available to allow for the uptake of carbon dioxide for photosynthesis. During periods of drought, stomata will close to reduce desiccation stress. As such, optimal functioning of stomata will impact on water use efficiency by plants. The development of an inducible, modular system for robust and targeted gene expression in stomatal guard cells is reported here. It is shown that application of ethanol vapour to activate the gene expression system did not affect the ability of stomata to respond to ABA in bioassays to determine the promotion of stomatal closure and the inhibition of stomatal opening. The system that has been developed allows for robust spatio-temporal control of gene expression in all cells of the stomatal lineage, thereby enabling molecular engineering of stomatal function as well as studies on stomatal development.
Projective iterative hard thresholding algorithm for sparse signal recovery

Recovering sparse signals from a few linear measurements is attracting growing attention. Bsides sparsity, the signals usually are nonnegative, nonpositive or restricted in some domain. This paper proposes an algorithm for recovering the sparse signal with some certain property on learning the sparsity. We propose this algorithm by combining the projective method with the iterative hard thresholding strategy. We prove that this algorithm is linear convergent provided the sensing matrix has suitable property. Numerical results demonstrate the efficiency of the algorithm.
Reputation Systems: Facilitating Trust in Internet Interactions

The Internet has created vast new opportunities to interact with strangers. The interactions can be fun, informative, even profitable. But they also involve risks. Is the advice from a self-proclaimed expert at expertcentral.com reliable? Will an unknown dot-com site or eBay seller ship with appropriate packaging, and will the product be as described? Before the Internet, such questions were answered, in part, through reputations. Vendors provided references, Better Business Bureaus tallied complaints, and past personal experience and person-to-person gossip told you whom you could rely upon and whom you could not. And a businessman’s standing in the community, e.g., his role at church, served as a valuable hostage. Internet services operate on a vastly larger scale than Main Street and permit virtually anonymous interactions. Nevertheless, reputation systems are playing a major role. Systems are emerging that respect anonymity and operate on the Internet’s scale. A reputation system collects, distributes, and aggregates feedback about participants’ past behavior. Though few of the producers or consumers of the ratings know each other, these systems help people decide whom to trust, encourage trustworthy behavior, and deter participation by those who are unskilled or dishonest. For example, consider eBay, the largest person-to-person online auction site, with more than 4 million auctions open at a time. eBay offers no warranty for its auctions; it only serves as a listing service while the buyers and the sellers assume all the risks associated with transactions. There are fraudulent transactions to be sure. Nonetheless, the overall rate of successful transactions remains astonishingly high for a market as “ripe with the possibility of largescale fraud and deceit” as is eBay [ref. Kollock]. eBay attributes its high rate of successful transactions to its reputation system, the Feedback Forum. After a transaction is completed, the buyer and seller have the opportunity to rate each other (1, 0, or -1) and leave comments (“Good transaction. Nice person to do business with! Would highly recommend.”). Each participant has his running total of feedback points attached visibly to
A bio-inspired TDMA scheduling algorithm for underwater robotic swarms

In this paper, the frog-call-inspired anti-phase synchronization algorithm is investigated and applied to allocate communication time slots among robotic swarms. The main goal of the work is to solve interference and jamming problems which becomes vital in swarm robot communication and sensing, especially in underwater application. A novel distributed model of this biologically-inspired approach is investigated to improve scalability and enable decentralization of the algorithm. It is proven from the simulated experiment that the model can be applied for scheduling underwater swarm communication within a limited local communication range, however with an acceptable amount (less than 5%) of packet loss. In the end, a real robot experiment using underwater swarm robot platforms is also presented.
Beyond steganography for Voice Over IP (VOIP)

The functional and cost advantages of Internet telephony are evident. By today's technical standards, however, Voice Over IP (VOIP) is still less secure than traditional telephony. At the same time, the hacker scene is constantly looking for new weak spots and developing ingenious methods of attack to gain access to confidential information and penetrate further into the network. One of the most security issues faced by VOIP is end-to-end user identity, specially the responder identity and how to authenticate it. This is important specially to guarantee the privacy and the integrity of the response information. In this paper we will introduce some security issues about VOIP, the role of steganography in VOIP communication, and OTSIP which is a proposed mechanism to secure VOIP based on steganography and One Time Password.