Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Modern mammography screening and breast cancer mortality: population study

Objective To evaluate the effectiveness of contemporary mammography screening using individual information about screening history and breast cancer mortality from public screening programmes. Design Prospective cohort study of Norwegian women who were followed between 1986 and 2009. Within that period (1995-2005), a national mammography screening programme was gradually implemented, with biennial invitations sent to women aged 50-69 years. Participants All Norwegian women aged 50-79 between 1986 and 2009. Main outcome measures Multiple Poisson regression analysis was used to estimate breast cancer mortality rate ratios comparing women who were invited to screening (intention to screen) with women who were not invited, with a clear distinction between cases of breast cancer diagnosed before (without potential for screening effect) and after (with potential for screening effect) the first invitation for screening. We took competing causes of death into account by censoring women from further follow-up who died from other causes. Based on the observed mortality reduction combined with the all cause and breast cancer specific mortality in Norway in 2009, we used the CISNET (Cancer Intervention and Surveillance Modeling Network) Stanford simulation model to estimate how many women would need to be invited to biennial mammography screening in the age group 50-69 years to prevent one breast cancer death during their lifetime. Results During 15 193 034 person years of observation (1986-2009), deaths from breast cancer occurred in 1175 women with a diagnosis after being invited to screening and 8996 women who had not been invited before diagnosis. After adjustment for age, birth cohort, county of residence, and national trends in deaths from breast cancer, the mortality rate ratio associated with being invited to mammography screening was 0.72 (95% confidence interval 0.64 to 0.79). To prevent one death from breast cancer, 368 (95% confidence interval 266 to 508) women would need to be invited to screening. Conclusion Invitation to modern mammography screening may reduce deaths from breast cancer by about 28%.
The Influence of 150-Cavity Binders on the Dynamics of Influenza A Neuraminidases as Revealed by Molecular Dynamics Simulations and Combined Clustering

Neuraminidase inhibitors are the main pharmaceutical agents employed for treatments of influenza infections. The neuraminidase structures typically exhibit a 150-cavity, an exposed pocket that is adjacent to the catalytic site. This site offers promising additional contact points for improving potency of existing pharmaceuticals, as well as generating entirely new candidate inhibitors. Several inhibitors based on known compounds and designed to interact with 150-cavity residues have been reported. However, the dynamics of any of these inhibitors remains unstudied and their viability remains unknown. This work reports the outcome of long-term, all-atom molecular dynamics simulations of four such inhibitors, along with three standard inhibitors for comparison. Each is studied in complex with four representative neuraminidase structures, which are also simulated in the absence of ligands for comparison, resulting in a total simulation time of 9. 6µs. Our results demonstrate that standard inhibitors characteristically reduce the mobility of these dynamic proteins, while the 150-binders do not, instead giving rise to many unique conformations. We further describe an improved RMSD-based clustering technique that isolates these conformations – the structures of which are provided to facilitate future molecular docking studies – and reveals their interdependence. We find that this approach confers many advantages over previously described techniques, and the implications for rational drug design are discussed.
Inline Ka-band Transitional combline / evanescent-mode filter in conventional RF substrate using grounded vias

The Ka-band is considered a viable band for future 5G backhaul links. Planar filters in this frequency range have low aspect ratios for substrates thicker than 10 mil, since the required 50 Ω line width becomes comparable to a guided wavelength. This paper proposes the use of grounded through-hole plated vias as transitional combline / evanescent-mode resonators. The principle is demonstrated with a 4th order, 27.5-29.5 GHz filter in a conventional 32 mil thickness RF substrate. The simulated filter features below 2 dB insertion loss across the band and occupies 3.8 × 1 mm board space.
A 65 nm, 850 MHz, 256 kbit, 4.3 pJ/access, Ultra Low Leakage Power Memory Using Dynamic Cell Stability and a Dual Swing Data Link

This paper presents the design of a high-speed ultra low power SRAM memory. Divided bit lines improve dynamic cell stability while at the same time decreasing active energy consumption. To limit unnecessary activity, word lines are divided on a word-by-word basis. Local write sense amplifiers make it possible to use low swing signaling on the global bit lines. To control this architecture, a distributed decoder is used. The use of dual swing data links on the global bit lines limits the impact of local write sense amplifier offset on the overall energy consumption. Using high threshold transistors in the memory cells reduces static power consumption and improves the cell's read stability. A partly dynamic decoder structure increases memory speed at a very low energy cost. The timing of this memory is made configurable to be able to cope with PVT variations without increasing design margins. The designed 256 kbit memory was fabricated in a 65 nm triple-VT process. It operates up to a speed of 850 MHz while only consuming 4.3 pJ/access for a word length of 32 bit. Standby leakage power is 25.2 W. This memory clearly outperforms other state-of-the-art designs when targeting high-speed, low-leakage and low active energy applications.
Künstliche Intelligenz in der Ingenieurgeodäsie

141 131. Jg. 3/2006 zfv Zusammenfassung In der modernen Ingenieurgeodäsie werden zunehmend komplexe Sensorsysteme bzw. -verbunde gefordert. Diese erfordern auch die Entwicklung neuer Ansätze für die Steuerung, die Auswertung sowie die Interpretation der erfassten Daten. Im Bereich der künstlichen Intelligenz (KI) besteht eine Reihe von Techniken, die für eine effiziente Lösung solcher Probleme eingesetzt werden können. Dieser Artikel gibt einen Überblick über die wichtigsten Techniken aus diesem Bereich und ihre möglichen Einsatzgebiete in der Ingenieurgeodäsie.
Floating-point roundoff noise analysis of 2-D state-space digital filters

In this paper the analysis of roundoff noise in floating point state-space realizations of 2-D digital filters is considered. The variance of the roundoff noise at the output of a 2-D digital filter is derived. It is shown that this variance is proportional to the input signal variance and depends on the order of the system, the entries of the state matrices and the diagonal elements of the covariance and noise matrices. <<ETX>>
A Computational Systems Biology Study for Understanding Salt Tolerance Mechanism in Rice

Salinity is one of the most common abiotic stresses in agriculture production. Salt tolerance of rice (Oryza sativa) is an important trait controlled by various genes. The mechanism of rice salt tolerance, currently with limited understanding, is of great interest to molecular breeding in improving grain yield. In this study, a gene regulatory network of rice salt tolerance is constructed using a systems biology approach with a number of novel computational methods. We developed an improved volcano plot method in conjunction with a new machine-learning method for gene selection based on gene expression data and applied the method to choose genes related to salt tolerance in rice. The results were then assessed by quantitative trait loci (QTL), co-expression and regulatory binding motif analysis. The selected genes were constructed into a number of network modules based on predicted protein interactions including modules of phosphorylation activity, ubiquity activity, and several proteinase activities such as peroxidase, aspartic proteinase, glucosyltransferase, and flavonol synthase. All of these discovered modules are related to the salt tolerance mechanism of signal transduction, ion pump, abscisic acid mediation, reactive oxygen species scavenging and ion sequestration. We also predicted the three-dimensional structures of some crucial proteins related to the salt tolerance QTL for understanding the roles of these proteins in the network. Our computational study sheds some new light on the mechanism of salt tolerance and provides a systems biology pipeline for studying plant traits in general.
Children With Cerebral Palsy: Racial Disparities in Functional Limitations

Background: Previous studies of the frequency of cerebral palsy in the United States have found excess prevalence in black children relative to other groups. Whether the severity of cerebral palsy differs between black and white children has not previously been investigated. Methods: A population-based surveillance system in 4 regions of the United States identified 476 children with cerebral palsy among 142,338 8-year-old children in 2006. Motor function was rated by the Gross Motor Function Classification System and grouped into 3 categories of severity. We used multiple imputation to account for missing information on motor function and calculated the race-specific prevalence of each cerebral palsy severity level. Results: The prevalence of cerebral palsy was 3.7 per 1000 black children and 3.2 per 1000 white children (prevalence odds ratio [OR]=1.2 [95% confidence interval=1.0–1.4]). When stratified by severity of functional limitation, the racial disparity was present only for severe cerebral palsy (black vs. white prevalence OR=1.7 [1.1–2.4]). The excess prevalence of severe cerebral palsy in black children was evident in term and very preterm birth strata. Conclusion: Black children in the United States appear to have a higher prevalence of cerebral palsy overall than white children, although the excess prevalence of cerebral palsy in black children is seen only among those with the most severe limitations. Further research is needed to explore reasons for this disparity in functional limitations; potential mechanisms include racial differences in risk factors, access to interventions, and under-identification of mild cerebral palsy in black children.
On connected k-domination in graphs

Let G = (V (G), E(G)) be a simple connected graph, and let k be a positive integer. A subset D ⊆ V (G) is a connected k-dominating set of G if its induced subgraph is connected and every vertex of V (G) −D is adjacent to at least k vertices of D. The connected k-domination number γ k(G) is the minimum cardinality among the connected k-dominating sets of G. In this paper, we give some properties of connected graphs G with γ k(G) = n − 2. Then we provide a complete characterization of connected cubic graphs G with γ 2(G) = n − 2 and connected 4-regular claw-free graphs with γ 3(G) = n− 2.
Edge-Markovian dynamic graph based performance evaluation for Delay Tolerant Networks

Groups of people with mobile phones using short range connections like WiFi and Bluetooth to propagate messages can be modeled as, with regard to regular absence of end-to-end connection, Delay Tolerant Networks (DTNs). The study of message transmission speed in such kind of networks has attracted increasing attention in recent years. In this paper, we present a realistic framework to model the message propagation process, and give a detailed expression of average information dissemination delay based on message size, users' selfishness, number of involved subscribers and other related parameters. We apply our model to real-life traces to assess its reliability by comparing the theoretical results with measured statistics, and present extensive upshots to evaluate the influence of various parameters on system performance.
Consistent Estimation of Cross-Sectional Models in Event Studies

Event studies often include cross-sectional regressions of announcement effects on exogenous variables. If the event is voluntary and investors are rational, then standard OLS and GLS estimators are inconsistent. Consistent ML estimators are constructed for a cross-sectional model of horizontal mergers relating announcement effects to exgeneous characteristics of firms and industries. The OLS and ML estimates differ dramatically for bidders but not for targets. The evidence suggests that managers of bidders, but not targets, have valuable private information about the potential synergies from proposed mergers. Article published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the Society for Financial Studies in its journal, The Review of Financial Studies.
On the noise sensitivity of monotone functions

It is known that for all monotone functions f : {0, 1}n → {0, 1}, if x ∈ {0, 1}n is chosen uniformly at random and y is obtained from x by flipping each of the bits of x independently with probability ϵ = n−α, then P[f(x) ≠ f(y)] < cn−α+1/2, for some c > 0.
Down-Regulating Narcissistic Tendencies

Narcissism has been conceptualized as a set of coherent, mutually reinforcing attributes that orients individuals toward self-enhancement and positive self-feelings. In this view, reducing one element of narcissism—such as a greater concern for agency than communion—may situationally reduce narcissism in a state-like manner. Across five studies, we found that increasing communal focus toward others decreases state narcissism. In Study 1, participants induced to feel empathy reported less state narcissism. In Studies 2 to 4, participants primed with interdependent self-construal reported less state narcissism than control participants and those primed with independent self-construal. Furthermore, in Study 4, changes in state narcissism mediated changes in desire for fame and perceptions that others deserve help. Thus, changes in one element of narcissism may situationally reduce narcissistic tendencies. These findings suggest that narcissism is more state-like and context-dependent than previously assumed.
Mode Selection in MU-MIMO Downlink Networks: A Physical-Layer Security Perspective

In this paper, we consider a homogenous multiantenna downlink network, where a passive eavesdropper intends to intercept the communication between a base station and multiple secure users (SUs) over Rayleigh fading channels. In order to guarantee the security of information transfer, physical-layer security is employed accordingly. For such a multiple user (MU) secure network, the number of accessing SUs, i.e., the transmission mode, has a great impact on the secrecy performance. Specifically, on one hand, a large number of accessing SUs will result in high interuser interference at SUs, resulting in a reduction in the capacity of the legitimate channel. On the other hand, high interuser interference will interfere with the eavesdropper and thus degrades the performance of the eavesdropper channel. Generally speaking, the harmful interuser interference may be transformed as a useful tool in antieavesdropping. The focus of this paper is on selecting the optimal transmission mode according to channel conditions and system parameters to maximize the sum secrecy outage capacity. Moreover, through asymptotic analysis, we present several simple mode selection schemes in some extreme cases. Finally, simulation results validate the effectiveness of the proposed mode selection schemes in MU secure communications.
Approche informée pour l'analyse du son et de la musique. (Informed approach applied to sound and music analysis)

En traitement du signal audio, l'analyse est une etape essentielle permettant de comprendre et d'interagir avec les signaux existants. En effet, la qualite des signaux obtenus par transformation ou par synthese des parametres estimes depend de la precision des estimateurs utilises. Cependant, des limitations theoriques existent et demontrent que la qualite maximale pouvant etre atteinte avec une approche classique peut s'averer insufﬁsante dans les applications les plus exigeantes (e.g. ecoute active de la musique). Le travail presente dans cette these revisite certains problemes d'analyse usuels tels que l'analyse spectrale, la transcription automatique et la separation de sources en utilisant une approche dite "informee". Cette nouvelle approche exploite la conﬁguration des studios de musique actuels qui maitrisent la chaine de traitement avant l'etape de creation du melange. Dans les solutions proposees, de l'information complementaire minimale calculee est transmise en meme temps que le signal de melange aﬁn de permettre certaines transformations sur celui-ci tout en garantissant le niveau de qualite. Lorsqu'une compatibilite avec les formats audio existants est necessaire, cette information est cachee a l'interieur du melange lui-meme de maniere inaudible grâce au tatouage audionumerique. Ce travail de these presente de nombreux aspects theoriques et pratiques dans lesquels nous montrons que la combinaison d'un estimateur avec de l'information complementaire permet d'ameliorer les performances des approches usuelles telles que l'estimation non informee ou le codage pur.
Phase Transitions for the Uniform Distribution in the Pattern Maximum Likelihood Problem and its Bethe Approximation

The pattern maximum likelihood (PML) estimate, introduced by Orlitsky et al., is an estimate of the multiset of probabilities in an unknown probability distribution p, the estimate being obtained from n independent and identically distributed samples drawn from p. The PML estimate involves solving a difficult optimization problem over the set of all probability mass functions of finite support. In this paper, we describe an interesting phase transition phenomenon in the PML estimate: at a certain sharp threshold, the uniform distribution goes from being a local maximum to being a local minimum for the optimization problem in the estimate. We go on to consider the question of whether a similar phase transition phenomenon also exists in the Bethe approximation of the PML estimate, the latter being an approximation method with origins in statistical physics. We show that the answer to this question is a qualified ``yes. '' Our analysis involves the computation of the mean and variance of the (i,j)th entry, (i,j)th in a random k x k nonnegative integer matrix A with row and column sums all equal to M, drawn according to a distribution that assigns to A a probability proportional to Pi(i,j) (M-a(i,j))! /a(i),(j)!
Oligonucleotide Microarray Analysis of Intact Human Pancreatic Islets: Identification of Glucose-Responsive Genes and a Highly Regulated TGFβ Signaling Pathway

Human pancreatic islets are a major focus of diabetes research due to their key role in glucose homeostasis and their potential for transplantation in the treatment of type 1 diabetes. Currently, no comprehensive analysis of baseline or glucose-stimulated islet gene expression is available. Using oligonucleotide microarrays we analyzed isolated intact human islets incubated at low and high glucose. We identified ∼6000 islet genes, several with clinical implications, as well as a number of glucose-regulated genes. Interestingly, two transforming growth factor β (TGFβ) superfamily members were highly regulated by glucose. One of them, PDF, was found to have a very high expression level compared to other TGFβ superfamily members. Quantitative reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction confirmed these results and demonstrated that the highly expressed PDF was∼ 10-fold down- regulated by glucose while other TGFβ superfamily members and target genes were up-regulated. These results suggest that a highly re.
Reproducibility of Single-Subject Functional Connectivity Measurements

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Measurements of resting-state functional connectivity have increasingly been used for characterization of neuropathologic and neurodevelopmental populations. We collected data to characterize how much imaging time is necessary to obtain reproducible quantitative functional connectivity measurements needed for a reliable single-subject diagnostic test. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We obtained 100 five-minute BOLD scans on a single subject, divided into 10 sessions of 10 scans each, with the subject at rest or while watching video clips of cartoons. These data were compared with resting-state BOLD scans from 36 healthy control subjects by evaluating the correlation between each pair of 64 small spheric regions of interest obtained from a published functional brain parcellation. RESULTS: Single-subject and group data converged to reliable estimates of individual and population connectivity values proportional to 1 / sqrt(n). Dramatic improvements in reliability were seen by using ≤25 minutes of imaging time, with smaller improvements for additional time. Functional connectivity “fingerprints” for the individual and population began diverging at approximately 15 minutes of imaging time, with increasing reliability even at 4 hours of imaging time. Twenty-five minutes of BOLD imaging time was required before any individual connections could reliably discriminate an individual from a group of healthy control subjects. A classifier discriminating scans during which our subject was resting or watching cartoons was 95% accurate at 10 minutes and 100% accurate at 15 minutes of imaging time. CONCLUSIONS: An individual subject and control population converged to reliable different functional connectivity profiles that were task-modulated and could be discriminated with sufficient imaging time.
The Role of Stakeholders Related to the Management of Ecological Function of Urban Green Open Space. Case Study: City of Depok, Indonesia

Urban green open space is one of the assets that provide substantial benefits to the urban community. One important function of urban green open space is a function of ecology. This study will provide initial explanation on the various studies related to the ecological function of urban green open space. The study of urban space management approach related to ecological function will explain the extent of the role of stakeholders in the urban areas that will further strengthen the importance of the existence of green open space, especially in city of Depok. With so many problems related to the supply and use of green open space in the city of Depok. This approach was originally applied by the private sector and many applications made a great contribution, so it began to be used by the government in managing public assets there. This study will use descriptive method, at the beginning of the study will explain the existence of the reality of urban green open space as part of the urban space by viewing it from theoretical overview of space, function and role of the various problems that occur in it. The results of this study indicate there are six problems in the management of green open spaces in city of Depok. Using the stages in asset management will provide space for participation of existing stakeholders in the management of green open spaces in city of Depok. This essay discusses the asset management as an approach in the management of the urban park, which includes the role of government, the public and the private sector. In an effort to understand the problems of managing the urban park, this essay comprehensively will also discuss in detail the existence of an urban park as part of urban space, function and problems.