Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Semantic Activation in Badminton Action Processing and Its Modulation by Action Duration: An ERP Study

Action processing is crucial for sports activities. Using event-related potentials (ERPs), the present study investigated whether semantics were activated in action processing and, if so, whether semantic activation was modulated by action duration. Badminton athletes were recruited to finish a lexical decision task following an action-semantic priming paradigm, in which short (400 ms) or long (1000 ms) action videos served as primes, and semantically congruent or incongruent action words served as targets. The ERP results showed a P300 effect, that is, larger P300 amplitudes were observed for targets primed by semantically incongruent action videos than for targets primed by semantically congruent action videos, only when the action videos were long and not when the action videos were short. Moreover, a late positive component (LPC) was only sensitive to action duration, showing that the targets primed by long action videos elicited larger LPC amplitudes compared to the targets primed by short action videos. These results suggested that semantics could be activated in action processing and that semantic activation was modulated by action duration, supporting a link between the language system and action processing.
A Resilience Related Glial-Neurovascular Network Is Transcriptionally Activated after Chronic Social Defeat in Male Mice

Upon chronic stress, a fraction of individuals shows stress resilience, which can prevent long-term mental dysfunction. The underlying molecular mechanisms are complex and have not yet been fully understood. In this study, we performed a data-driven behavioural stratification together with single-cell transcriptomics of the hippocampus in a mouse model of chronic social defeat stress. Our work revealed that in a sub-group exhibiting molecular responses upon chronic stress, the dorsal hippocampus is particularly involved in neuroimmune responses, angiogenesis, myelination, and neurogenesis, thereby enabling brain restoration and homeostasis after chronic stress. Based on these molecular insights, we applied rapamycin after the stress as a proof-of-concept pharmacological intervention and were able to substantially increase stress resilience. Our findings serve as a data resource and can open new avenues for further understanding of molecular processes underlying stress response and for targeted interventions supporting resilience.
ITG-Champ02: An Improved Gravity Field Model from a Two-Year Observation Period

Global gravity field models have been determined based on kinematic orbits covering an observation period of two years beginning from March 2002. Three different models have been derived up to a maximum degree of n=90 of a spherical harmonic expansion of the gravitational potential. One version, ITG-CHAMP02E, has been regularized beginning from degree n=40 upwards, based on the potential coefficients of the gravity field model EGM96. A second model, ITGCHAMP02K, has been determined based on Kaula’s rule of thumb, also beginning from degree n=40. A third version, ITGCHAMP02S, has been determined without regularization at all. The physical model of the gravity field recovery technique is based on Newton’s equation of motion, formulated as a boundary value problem in the form of a Fredholm type integral equation and corresponds to the model which has been used for the recently published models ITG-CHAMP01S, 01E and 01K. The observation equations are formulated in space domain by dividing the two-year orbit into short pieces of approximately 30-minute arcs. For every short arc, a variance factor has been determined by an iterative computation procedure. The three new gravity field models have been compared to the one-year solutions ITG-CHAMP01 and to a superior GRACE solution GGM01s. It shows that the two-years observation period has a remarkable influence on the satellite-only solution ITGCHAMP02S, when compared to the results based on an observation period of only one year, ITG-CHAMP01S. There is still an improvement in case of 02K while in case of the EGM96regularized solution 02E the degree variances do not show additional improvements compared to the corresponding one-year solution. Citation. Mayer-Gurr, T. , Ilk, K.H. , Eicker, A. : ITGChamp02: An Improved Gravity Field Model from a Two-Year Observation Period, CHAMP/GRACE Science Team Meeting 2004, published online, www.gfz-potsdam.de/pb1/JCG, 2005 Correspondence to: T. Mayer-Gurr (tmg@ geod.uni-bonn.de)
A Data Based Algorithm for Choosing the Window Width when Estimating the Integral of f2(x).

Abstract : A review of different density estimation approaches is given. A new data-based algorithm for choosing the window width when estimating gamma using methods of kernel density estimation is described. The results of a Monte Carlo study comparing the data-based window widths produced by the new algorithm with those produced by an existing method are also presented. Finally, an estimator which is stable over a broad set of sampling situations is recommended. Keywords: Kernel density estimation; Window width; Data-based algorithm.
Difficulties Facing Junior Physicians and Solutions Toward Delivering End-of-Life Care for Patients with Cancer: A Nationwide Survey in Japan

Background: Junior physicians' perceived difficulty in end-of-life care of patients with cancer has not been structurally investigated; therefore, current challenges and solutions in this area remain unknown. Objectives: To identify some difficulties junior physicians face in delivering end-of-life care for patients with cancer and to clarify the support required to reduce these difficulties. Design: A nationwide survey was conducted in over 300 institutions selected randomly from 1037 clinical training hospitals in Japan. Participants: From each of these institutions, two resident physicians of postgraduate year (PGY) 1 or 2, two clinical fellows of PGY 3–5, and an attending physician were requested to respond to the survey. Measurements: The survey investigated issues regarding end-of-life care using the palliative care difficulties scale with two additional domains (“discussion about end-of-life care” and “death pronouncement”). Items related to potential solutions for alleviating the difficulties as well were investigated. Results: A total of 198 resident physicians, 134 clinical fellows, and 96 attending physicians responded to the survey (response rate: 33.0%, 22.3%, and 32.0%). The results revealed that junior physicians face difficulties within specific domains of end-of-life care. The most challenging domain comprised communication and end-of-life discussion with patients and family members, symptom alleviation, and death pronouncement. The most favored supportive measure for alleviating these difficulties was mentorship, rather than educational opportunities or resources regarding end-of-life care. Conclusion: The findings of this study reveal the need for further effort to enrich the mentorship and support systems for junior physicians delivering end-of-life care.
Evaluating the acceptability and accuracy of Phasepy as a Phyton framework to calculate the interfacial properties and phase equilibrium

Phasepy is a scientifically defined open-source package in python for computational thermodynamics. Phasepy indeed calculates the interfacial properties and fluid phases equilibrium using an equation of state. In addition, Phasepy enables the scientists to optimize the relevant parameters to the equilibrium of multicomponent vapor-liquid, liquid-liquid, or vapor-liquid-liquid mixtures. The Phasepy can model the equilibrium in the continuous approach (combining a cubic equation of state and a mixing rule) or the discontinuous approach (using a virial equation and an activity coefficient model). So, this study is to develop a code in a continuous approach using a combination of Soave-Redlich-Kwong (SRK) or Peng Robinson (PR) as the equation of state and quadratic mixing rule (QMR) and modified-Huron-Vidal mixing rule (MHV) as the mixing Rule. Although the algorithm of the developed model is new, it is tried to utilize the predefined function of Phasepy to calculate fluid phase equilibrium and interfacial properties. In fact, the five well-performed previous experimental studies are modeled using Phasepy, and in the following, the outputs of the developed models are compared with the relevant experimental results. The bubble point features, dew point features, liquid and gas composition, and density of multicomponent mixtures are considered parameters in this extended study to evaluate the accuracy of the Phasepy function based on experimental results.
The Economic Value of Natural Resources and Its Implications for Pakistan’s Economic Growth

Natural resources and ecological services provide the foundation for manufactured capital, increasing public financing and decreasing inequality by diversifying the economy. The exploitation of natural resources is frequently the backbone of economic stability in developing and middle-income nations. As a result of their importance, natural resources need vigilant and long-term management. Recent research has tested two hypotheses, the natural resource blessing hypothesis and the natural resource curse hypothesis, on the impact of a country’s natural resources on its economy. This research is an essential contribution to the growing body of work that attempts to quantify natural resource endowments’ role in national economic growth. Investigations focus on Pakistan and span the years 1975 through 2020. Robust Least Square (RLS) estimations show that coal rents, energy use, inbound FDI, and oil rents contribute to a country’s economic growth. While consumption of renewable energy sources and industrial value-added have a detrimental effect. Natural resources, foreign direct investment, energy consumption, and industrial ecology are predicted to significantly impact economic growth during the next decade, according to the Impulse Response Function (IRF) and the Variance Decomposition Analysis (VDA). The findings may provide helpful information for academic and governmental institutions to develop natural resource management policies for sustainable development.
Development of a highly sensitive lateral flow strip device for nucleic acid detection using molecular beacons

Extensive research is focused on the development of highly sensitive, rapid on-site diagnostic devices. The lateral flow strip (LFS) is a paper-based point-of-care diagnostic device, which is highly promising because of its ease of use and low cost. Despite these advantages, LFS device is still less popular than other methods such as enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) or real-time polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) due to its low sensitivity. Here, we have developed a fluorescence-based lateral flow strip (f-LFS) device for DNA detection using a molecular beacon (MB), a short hairpin-forming DNA strand tagged with a fluorophore-quencher pair. Each paper and membrane component of f-LFS device was carefully selected based on their physicochemical properties including porosity, surface functionality, and autofluorescence. The limit of detection (LOD) of this device was substantially improved to 2.1 fg/mL by adding MgCl2 to the reaction buffer and narrowing the test membrane dimension. Also, a portable fluorescence detection system for f-LFS was developed using a multi-pixel photon counter (MPPC), a sensitive detector detecting the signal on site. We anticipate that this highly sensitive paper-based diagnostic device can be utilized for on-site diagnosis of various diseases.
English as a Foreign Language Policy in Latin America: The Neoliberal “Multilingual” Nationalism of Costa Rica

In the last four decades, many Latin American governments have positioned English learning and teaching as a national priority and incorporated it into state-supported políticas sobre lenguas extranjeras (foreign language policies) that position the English language as a desirable characteristic of their citizenry. I argue that this phenomenon is driven by the dynamic ways in which ideologies of neoliberalism and multilingualism have been reframed by nation-states to align with nationalist agendas. In this study, I examine the trajectory of linguistic resources, specifically English proficiency, in the discursive space of Costa Rican foreign language policy. Drawing from document analysis and ethnographic fieldwork in a fourth-grade classroom, I reveal how, despite its global and English-dominant rhetoric, English as a foreign language policy mobilized a neoliberal “multilingual” nationalism in the curriculum, textbook, and instruction.
Development and Validation of an Eating-Related Eco-Concern Questionnaire

Eco-concern, the distress experienced relating to climate change, is associated with mental health, yet no study has examined disordered eating related to eco-concern. This study developed and validated a 10-item scale assessing Eating-Related Eco-Concern (EREC). Participants (n = 224) completed the EREC, Climate Change Worry Scale (CCWS), and Eating Disorder Examination-Questionnaire (EDE-Q). Construct validity, convergent validity, and internal consistency were evaluated. Sex differences in EREC were evaluated using t-tests. Associations among the EREC, CCWS, and EDE-Q were evaluated using linear regression models. Sensitivity analyses were conducted in individuals below EDE-Q global score clinical cut-offs. Factor analysis suggested that all items loaded adequately onto one factor. Pearson’s correlation and Bland–Altman analyses suggested strong correlation and acceptable agreement between the EREC and CCWS (r = 0.57), but weak correlation and low agreement with the EDE-Q global score (r = 0.14). The EREC had acceptable internal consistency (α = 0.88). No sex difference was observed in the EREC in the full sample; females had a significantly higher mean score than males in sensitivity analysis. The EREC was significantly positively associated with the CCWS and EDE-Q global and shape concern scores, but not in sensitivity analysis. The EREC is a brief, validated scale that can be useful to screen for eating-related eco-concern.
What are the factors that determine differing levels of environmental quality? Evidence from Java and other islands in Indonesia

PurposeThis paper aims to identify variables that determine the differing levels of environmental quality on Java and other islands in Indonesia.Design/methodology/approachUsing a quantitative approach, secondary data were sourced from the Central Statistics Agency and the Ministry of Environment and Forestry. The data were obtained through the collection of documentation from 33 provinces in Indonesia. The analytical approach used was discriminant analysis. The research variables are Trade Openness, Foreign Direct Investment (FDI), industry, HDI and population growth.FindingsThe variables that distinguish between the levels of environmental quality in Indonesian provinces on the island of Java and on other islands are Industry, HDI, FDI and population growth. The openness variable is not a differentiating variable for environmental quality. The most powerful variable as a differentiator of environmental quality on Java Island and on other islands is the Industry variable.Research limitations/implicationsThis study has not classified the quality of the environment based on the Ministry of Environment and Forestry's categories, namely, the very good, good, quite good, poor, very poor and dangerous. For this reason, further research is needed using multiple discriminant analysis (MDA). Practical implicationsIndustry is the variable that most strongly distinguishes between levels of environmental quality on Java and other island, while the industrial sector is the largest contributor to gross regional domestic product (GDRP). Government policy to develop green technology is mandatory so that there is no trade-off between industry and environmental quality.Originality/valueThis study is able to identify the differentiating variables of environmental quality in two different groups, on Java and on the other islands of the Indonesian archipelago.
Multiple Correspondence Analysis

The purpose of this monograph is to provide a nontechnical introduction to Multiple Correspondence Analysis (MCA) as a method in its own right; no prior knowledge of Correspondence Analysis (CA) is needed. The presentation will be practically oriented and with the needs of research in mind: gathering relevant data, formulating questions of interest, and linking statistical interpretation to geometric representations. The procedures will be presented in detail using a real example, stressing the unique capacity of \textsc{mca} to handle full--scale research studies.
Influence of the Convergent-Divergent Nozzles Arrangement Parameters on Aerodynamic Losses and Overall Supersonic Turbine Performance

Single-stage axial pressure compound and two-row velocity compound supersonic turbines have a very high specific work, which allows for high power levels at high-pressure ratios and small flow rates in a very compact dimensional envelope. The latter is extremely desirable in certain types of Liquid Rocket Engine (LRE) turbopumps. Besides, due to their compactness, mechanical simplicity, and low cost, such turbines are favorable in high-pressure ratio Organic Rankine Cycles (ORC), gas expanders in chemical and technological processes, various mechanical drive applications, etc. However, despite their mechanical simplicity, the supersonic aerodynamic effects in such turbines are very complex. There are a number of design and analysis methodologies for such turbines, which are currently used in the industry. Nevertheless, some important nozzles arrangement parameters are still insufficiently investigated. It is known that there is an influence of the principle of drilled nozzles arrangement in a cascade and (round cross-section) convergent-divergent nozzles overlapping on overall turbine efficiency. Though, the data were either not formalized in some sort of loss model or formalized in a simplified formula that does not take into account meridional nozzle angle and the diameter where the nozzles are arranged (turbine mean diameter). The paper describes the study of the qualitative and quantitative influence of the mentioned above parameters on aerodynamic losses in drilled convergent-divergent nozzles and overall supersonic turbine performance. Supersonic aerodynamic effects and their influence on turbine performance were determined by employing the state-of-the-art commercial CFD code. Respective mesh sensitivity studies and domains architectures selection considerations are presented. The formalization of the studied nozzle parameters is discussed. The methods used for the determination of the parameters dependencies minimizing the number of CFD calculations are explained. The figures with visualizations of the critical results and numerical values are provided. The obtained loss models are described. The obtained loss models were incorporated into a turbine design and analysis program and then compared with experimental data. The utilization of the improved loss model provides the opportunity to design high-efficient supersonic turbines with conical drilled nozzles and satisfy specific design constraints with the use of nozzle arrangement parameters.
Modelisations markoviennes multiresolutions en vision par ordinateur. Application a la segmentation d'images spot

Dans cette these, nous nous interessons aux modeles markoviens appliques aux problemes de vision pre-attentive. Nous considerons ces problemes dans un cadre general, appele etiquetage d'image, ou le probleme consiste a attribuer des etiquettes aux pixels. Notre approche est fondee sur les champs de markov et l'estimation bayesienne, en particulier l'estimation de maximum a posteriori (map). L'avantage de la modelisation markovienne est de fournir un modele simple qui nous permet de definir les informations a priori par des potentiels locaux. Nous presentons aussi les modeles pyramidaux qui reduisent le temps de calcul et ameliorent le resultat final. L'estimation des parametres est un autre probleme important pour les applications reelles. Nous appliquons quelques methodes connues a l'estimation de parametres du modele monogrille et proposons des nouveaux algorithms d'estimation pour le modele hierarchique. Les premiers resultats sont satisfaisantes mais il reste beaucoup de travail a faire sur le sujet. Tous les modeles markoviens necessitent la minimisation d'une fonction d'energie non-convexe. Nous avons deux choix pour resoudre ce probleme: soit par recuit simule soit par relaxation deterministe. Nous discutons la possibilite de paralleliser ces algorithmes. Notre principal resultat est un modele markovien hierarchique et un algorithme de recuit multi-temperature (mta) pour la minimisation de la fonction d'energie du modele hierarchique. Pour le mta, nous avons prouve la convergence vers un minimum global dans le cas le plus general ou chaque clique a sa propre loi de temperature. Il reste quelques problemes ouverts comme la relation entre les valeurs estimees au sens du map pour les modeles monogrille et hierarchique, l'implantation de l'algorithme mta sur une architecture pyramidale ou bien la mise en uvre une methode beaucoup plus rapide pour l'estimation de parametres
Solar p-mode damping rates: Insight from a 3D hydrodynamical simulation

Space-borne missions such as CoRoT and Kepler have provided a rich harvest of high-quality photometric data for solar-like pulsators. It is now possible to measure damping rates for hundreds of main-sequence and thousands of red-giant stars with an unprecedented precision. However, among the seismic parameters, mode damping rates remain poorly understood and thus barely used for inferring the physical properties of stars. Previous approaches to model mode damping rates were based on mixing-length theory or a Reynolds-stress approach to model turbulent convection. While they can be used to grasp the main physics of the problem, such approaches are of little help to provide quantitative estimates as well as a definitive answer on the relative contribution of each physical mechanism. Indeed, due to the high complexity of the turbulent flow and its interplay with the oscillations, those theories rely on many free parameters which inhibits an in-depth understanding of the problem. Our aim is thus to assess the ability of 3D hydrodynamical simulations to infer the physical mechanisms responsible for damping of solar-like oscillations. To this end, a solar high-spatial resolution and long-duration hydrodynamical 3D simulation computed with the ANTARES code allows probing the coupling between turbulent convection and the normal modes of the simulated box. Indeed, normal modes of the simulation experience realistic driving and damping in the super-adiabatic layers of the simulation. Therefore, investigating the properties of the normal modes in the simulation provides a unique insight into the mode physics. We demonstrate that such an approach provides constraints on the solar damping rates and is able to disentangle the relative contribution related to the perturbation (by the oscillation) of the turbulent pressure, the gas pressure, the radiative flux, and the convective flux contributions. Finally, we conclude that using the normal modes of a 3D numerical simulation is possible and is potentially able to unveil the respective role of the different physical mechanisms responsible for mode damping provided the time-duration of the simulation is long enough.