Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Anatomic relationship of heel spur to surrounding soft tissues: Greater variability than previously reported

The stimulating factor for the development of heel spur (calcaneal exostosis) is controversial. In a sample of elderly cadaveric specimens, using radiographic, gross morphological, and histological investigation, we demonstrate that heel spurs are generally not found in the trajectory of traction from the plantar aponeurosis enthesis or plantar muscles. Rather, they are variably associated with soft tissues including loose connective tissue, fibrocartilage, muscle, and aponeurosis. Furthermore, the bony trabeculae of the spur are not aligned in the direction of soft tissue traction, but rather in the direction of stress on the calcaneus during walking and standing. These results substantiate the view that the heel spur may be a skeletal response to stress and may serve to protect the bone against the development of microfractures. Clin. Anat. 20:950–955, 2007. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Short Sleep Duration as a Risk Factor for Hypertension: Analyses of the First National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey

Depriving healthy subjects of sleep has been shown to acutely increase blood pressure and sympathetic nervous system activity. Prolonged short sleep durations could lead to hypertension through extended exposure to raised 24-hour blood pressure and heart rate, elevated sympathetic nervous system activity, and increased salt retention. Such forces could lead to structural adaptations and the entrainment of the cardiovascular system to operate at an elevated pressure equilibrium. Sleep disorders are associated with cardiovascular disease, but we are not aware of any published prospective population studies that have shown a link between short sleep duration and the incidence of hypertension in subjects without apparent sleep disorders. We assessed whether short sleep duration would increase the risk for hypertension incidence by conducting longitudinal analyses of the first National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (n=4810) using Cox proportional hazards models and controlling for covariates. Hypertension incidence (n=647) was determined by physician diagnosis, hospital record, or cause of death over the 8- to 10-year follow-up period between 1982 and 1992. Sleep durations of ≤5 hours per night were associated with a significantly increased risk of hypertension (hazard ratio, 2.10; 95% CI, 1.58 to 2.79) in subjects between the ages of 32 and 59 years, and controlling for the potential confounding variables only partially attenuated this relationship. The increased risk continued to be significant after controlling for obesity and diabetes, which was consistent with the hypothesis that these variables would act as partial mediators. Short sleep duration could, therefore, be a significant risk factor for hypertension.
Genetic Control of the Cell Division Cycle in Yeast: V. Genetic Analysis of cdc Mutants.

One hundred and forty-eight temperature-sensitive cell division cycle (cdc) mutants of Saccharomyces cerevisiae have been isolated and characterized. Complementation studies ordered these recessive mutations into 32 groups and tetrad analysis revealed that each of these groups defines a single nuclear gene. Fourteen of these genes have been located on the yeast genetic map. Functionally related cistrons are not tightly clustered.Mutations in different cistrons frequently produce different cellular and nuclear morphologies in the mutant cells following incubation at the restrictive temperature, but all the mutations in the same cistron produce essentially the same morphology. The products of these genes appear, therefore, each to function individually in a discrete step of the cell cycle and they define collectively a large number of different steps.The mutants were examined by time-lapse photomicroscopy to determine the number of cell cycles completed at the restrictive temperature before arrest. For most mutants, cells early in the cell cycle at the time of the temperature shift (before the execution point) arrest in the first cell cycle while those later in the cycle (after the execution point) arrest in the second cell cycle. Execution points for allelic mutations that exhibit first or second cycle arrest are rather similar and appear to be cistron-specific. Other mutants traverse several cycles before arrest, and its suggested that the latter type of response may reveal gene products that are temperature-sensitive for synthesis, whereas the former may be temperature-sensitive for function.The gene products that are defined by the cdc cistrons are essential for the completion of the cell cycle in haploids of a and alpha mating type and in a/alpha diploid cells. The same genes, therefore, control the cell cycle in each of these stages of the life cycle.
Simplifying Data Disclosure Configurations in a Cloud Computing Environment

Cloud computing offers a compelling vision of computation, enabling an unprecedented level of data distribution and sharing. Beyond improving the computing infrastructure, cloud computing enables a higher level of interoperability between information systems, simplifying tasks such as sharing documents between coworkers or enabling collaboration between an organization and its suppliers. While these abilities may result in significant benefits to users and organizations, they also present privacy challenges due to unwanted exposure of sensitive information. As information-sharing processes in cloud computing are complex and domain specific, configuring these processes can be an overwhelming and burdensome task for users. This article investigates the feasibility of configuring sharing processes through a small and representative set of canonical configuration options. For this purpose, we present a generic method, named SCON-UP (Simplified CON-figuration of User Preferences). SCON-UP simplifies configuration interfaces by using a clustering algorithm that analyzes a massive set of sharing preferences and condenses them into a small number of discrete disclosure levels. Thus, the user is provided with a usable configuration model while guaranteeing adequate privacy control. We describe the algorithm and empirically evaluate our model using data collected in two user studies (n = 121 and n = 352). Our results show that when provided with three canonical configuration options, on average, 82% of the population can be covered by at least one option. We exemplify the feasibility of discretizing sharing levels and discuss the tradeoff between coverage and simplicity in discrete configuration options.
Role of Postoperative Radiotherapy on High-Risk Stage pIIIA-N2 Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer Patients After Complete Resection and Adjuvant Chemotherapy: A Retrospective Cohort Study

Background The aim of the study was to assess the effectiveness of postoperative radiotherapy in high-risk patients with stage pIIIA-N2 non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) following complete resection and adjuvant chemotherapy. Methods Data from NSCLC patients within the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) database were analyzed. The study examined the association between lymph node ratio (LNR) and both cancer-specific survival (CSS) and overall survival (OS) using restricted cubic spline curves. Patients were categorized into high- and low-risk groups based on established LNR cut-off values, and survival outcomes were compared between those receiving postoperative radiotherapy and those who did not within the high-risk group. Results The study included 1,690 patients. An LNR threshold of 0.29 was identified for both CSS and OS. Patients with an LNR ≥ 0.29 demonstrated significantly worse CSS (hazard ratio (HR) = 1.56, 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.37 - 1.78; P < 0.001) and OS (HR = 1.44, 95% CI: 1.28 - 1.62; P < 0.001) compared to those with an LNR < 0.29. In the high-risk group (LNR ≥ 0.29), postoperative radiotherapy did not significantly affect CSS (HR = 0.98, 95% CI: 0.82 - 1.17; P = 0.809) or OS (HR = 0.95, 95% CI: 0.81 - 1.11; P = 0.533). Conclusions LNR is a significant prognostic factor in patients with stage pIIIA-N2 NSCLC post complete resection and adjuvant chemotherapy. A higher LNR (≥ 0.29) is associated with poorer CSS and OS. However, postoperative radiotherapy does not confer survival benefits in these high-risk patients. Our findings suggest that postoperative radiotherapy should not be routinely performed in this subgroup. Further research is required to explore effective treatment strategies for these patients.
Formate Formation and Formate Conversion in Biological Fuels Production

Biomethanation is a mature technology for fuel production. Fourth generation biofuels research will focus on sequestering CO2 and providing carbon-neutral or carbon-negative strategies to cope with dwindling fossil fuel supplies and environmental impact. Formate is an important intermediate in the methanogenic breakdown of complex organic material and serves as an important precursor for biological fuels production in the form of methane, hydrogen, and potentially methanol. Formate is produced by either CoA-dependent cleavage of pyruvate or enzymatic reduction of CO2 in an NADH- or ferredoxin-dependent manner. Formate is consumed through oxidation to CO2 and H2 or can be further reduced via the Wood-Ljungdahl pathway for carbon fixation or industrially for the production of methanol. Here, we review the enzymes involved in the interconversion of formate and discuss potential applications for biofuels production.
The mass loss rates of sdB stars

The effects of gravitational settling and radiative levitation in the stellar atmospheres and envelopes of subdwarf B (sdB) stars strongly depend on the presence of weak winds. In the paper the existence of weak radiatively driven winds is investigated from a theoretical point of view for sdB stars of half a solar mass, effective temperatures between 25000 K and 35000 K, and surface gravities log g between about 5.0 and 6.0 (cgs units). According to the results, weak winds with mass-loss rates of the order E-11 solar masses per year may exist only for the most luminous sdB stars. For the more compact ones, the decoupling of the metals from the bulk matter (hydrogen and helium) is expected in the wind region, because the momentum exchange via Coulomb collisions is not effective enough. Thus multicomponent effects are of great importance. We suggest that only the metals may be expelled from the star, whereas hydrogen and helium are in hydrostatic equilibrium.
Genealogical trees on the web: a search engine user perspective

This paper presents an extensive study about the evolution of textual content on the Web, which shows how some new pages are created from scratch while others are created using already existing content. We show that a significant fraction of the Web is a byproduct of the latter case. We introduce the concept of Web genealogical tree, in which every page in a Web snapshot is classified into a component. We study in detail these components, characterizing the copies and identifying the relation between a source of content and a search engine, by comparing page relevance measures, documents returned by real queries performed in the past, and click-through data. We observe that sources of copies are more frequently returned by queries and more clicked than other documents.
Impact of ship emission on the Bay of Bengal pollution and climate

Seagoing ships play an important role in the transport sector of economy. However, seagoing ships pollute the clean marine environment and contribute significantly to the total anthropogenic emissions from the transportation sector. Key compounds emitted from shipping are carbon dioxide, nitrogen oxides, carbon monoxide, volatile organic compounds, sulphur dioxide and particulate matter such as sulphate, organic carbon, black carbon and ash into the atmosphere. Ship traffic is currently growing by about 3 percent globally which is leading to considerable increase of long-lived greenhouse gas concentrations in the atmosphere. In this study, we analysed the multi-year satellite data to derive a global distribution of ship emissions and their radiative forcing. We constrained the analysis to shipping corridor over Bay of Bengal by separating ‘clean’ from ‘polluted’ oceanic regions based on the location of shipping routes. The enhanced NO2 emissions in the shipping lane are reducing the surface reaching solar radiation by ~1 W/m 2 during the solar noon hours and heating the lower troposphere by 0.05 K. As ship emissions are released in regions with frequent low marine clouds in an otherwise clean environment, the possible impact of ship emissions on Cloud Condensation Nuclei (CCN) are examined. CCN efficiency varied from 0.56 + 0.06 over relatively pristine location to 0.17 + 0.1 over polluted shipping corridor. The effects seen here may have significant implications for climate mitigation strategies.
Post-Translational Modifications of Histones in Vertebrate Neurogenesis

The process of neurogenesis, through which the entire nervous system of an organism is formed, has attracted immense scientific attention for decades. How can a single neural stem cell give rise to astrocytes, oligodendrocytes, and neurons? Furthermore, how is a neuron led to choose between the hundreds of different neuronal subtypes that the vertebrate CNS contains? Traditionally, niche signals and transcription factors have been on the spotlight. Recent research is increasingly demonstrating that the answer may partially lie in epigenetic regulation of gene expression. In this article, we comprehensively review the role of post-translational histone modifications in neurogenesis in both the embryonic and adult CNS.
Improved step size adaptation for the MO-CMA-ES

The multi-objective covariance matrix adaptation evolution strategy (MO-CMA-ES) is an evolutionary algorithm for continuous vector-valued optimization. It combines indicator-based selection based on the contributing hypervolume with the efficient strategy parameter adaptation of the elitist covariance matrix adaptation evolution strategy (CMA-ES). Step sizes (i.e., mutation strengths) are adapted on individual-level using an improved implementation of the 1/5-th success rule. In the original MO-CMA-ES, a mutation is regarded as successful if the offspring ranks better than its parent in the elitist, rank-based selection procedure. In contrast, we propose to regard a mutation as successful if the offspring is selected into the next parental population. This criterion is easier to implement and reduces the computational complexity of the MO-CMA-ES, in particular of its steady-state variant. The new step size adaptation improves the performance of the MO-CMA-ES as shown empirically using a large set of benchmark functions. The new update scheme in general leads to larger step sizes and thereby counteracts premature convergence. The experiments comprise the first evaluation of the MO-CMA-ES for problems with more than two objectives.
StyleGAN as an AI deconvolution operator for large eddy simulations of turbulent plasma equations in BOUT++

We present the use of StyleGAN, a face-synthesis generative adversarial network (GAN) developed by NVidia, as a deconvolution operator for large eddy simulation (LES) of plasma turbulence. The overall methodology, named style eddy simulation, has been integrated into the BOUT++ solver and tested on the original and modified Hasegawa–Wakatani models using different mesh sizes, 2562 and 5122, and different values of the adiabaticity parameter α and background density gradient κ. Using a LES resolution of 32 × 32 and 64 × 64, i.e., 64× smaller resolution than the corresponding direct numerical simulation (DNS), results show convergence toward the ground truth as we tighten the reconstruction tolerance, and an algorithm complexity O(N log N) is compared to the O(N2) of BOUT++. Finally, the trained GAN can be used to create valid initial conditions for a faster DNS by avoiding to start from nonphysical initial perturbations.
Band structure and symmetry analysis of coherently grown Si1-xGex alloys on oriented substrates.

A semiempirical tight-binding method was used to calculate the band structures of Si 1-x Ge x alloys coherently grown on (001)-, (111)-, and (110)-oriented Si 1-y Ge y substrates. The distorted lattice and Brillouin zone, as well as the band-edge splittings and shifts which vary with the Ge content of both the Si 1-x Ge x strained layer and the substrate, are given. The band structures and symmetry properties of the coherently strained Si 1-x Ge x alloys along high-symmetry lines of the distorted Brillouin zone are analyzed
Random Telegraph Signal in CMOS Image Sensor Pixels

In this work, the 1/f noise of the source follower (SF) in pinned-photodiode CMOS pixels is characterized. It is found that the 1/f noise in these pixels is actually due to a very limited number of traps and results in a random telegraph signal (RTS). It is pointed out how the correlated-double sampling (CDS) reacts on this RTS. The temperature dependency of the imager read noise revealed two mechanisms of RTS during CDS
Sexuality Among Middle-Aged and Older Adults With Diagnosed and Undiagnosed Diabetes

OBJECTIVE To describe sexual activity, behavior, and problems among middle-age and older adults by diabetes status. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS This was a substudy of 1,993 community-residing adults, aged 57–85 years, from a cross-sectional, nationally representative sample (N = 3,005). In-home interviews, observed medications, and A1C were used to stratify by diagnosed diabetes, undiagnosed diabetes, or no diabetes. Logistic regression was used to model associations between diabetes conditions and sexual characteristics, separately by gender. RESULTS The survey response rate was 75.5%. More than 60% of partnered individuals with diagnosed diabetes were sexually active. Women with diagnosed diabetes were less likely than men with diagnosed diabetes (adjusted odds ratio 0.28 [95% CI 0.16–0.49]) and other women (0.63 [0.45–0.87]) to be sexually active. Partnered sexual behaviors did not differ by gender or diabetes status. The prevalence of orgasm problems was similarly elevated among men with diagnosed and undiagnosed diabetes compared with that for other men, but erectile difficulties were elevated only among men with diagnosed diabetes (2.51 [1.53 to 4.14]). Women with undiagnosed diabetes were less likely to have discussed sex with a physician (11%) than women with diagnosed diabetes (19%) and men with undiagnosed (28%) or diagnosed (47%) diabetes. CONCLUSIONS Many middle-age and older adults with diabetes are sexually active and engage in sexual behaviors similarly to individuals without diabetes. Women with diabetes were more likely than men to cease all sexual activity. Older women with diabetes are as likely to have sexual problems but are significantly less likely than men to discuss them.
Prophylactic Antibiotics before Gynecologic Surgery: A Comprehensive Review of Guidelines

Surgical site infections (SSIs) refer to infections in the incision, organ, or postoperative space. As common healthcare-associated infections, SSIs correlate with prolonged hospital stay, additional procedures, ICU stay, and higher mortality rates. Around 8–10% of gynecologic surgery patients may experience infectious complications, influenced by microbial contamination, surgical nature, and patient factors. The goal of this narrative review is to compare and merge recommendations from globally published guidelines concerning the utilization of antibiotics in the perioperative phase. A comparative descriptive/narrative review of the guidelines issued by the American College of Obstetrics and Gynecology (ACOG), Society of Obstetricians and Gynecologists of Canada (SOGC), Royal College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists (RCOG), National Institute for Health and Care Excellence (NICE), Royal Australian and New Zealand College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists (RANZCOG), European Society of Gynecologic Oncology (ESGO), Société Française d’ Anésthesie et de Réanimation (SFAR), Spanish Society of Infectious Diseases and Clinical Microbiology (SEIMC), and Hellenic Society of Obstetrics and Gynecology (HSOG) was conducted. For hysterectomy, first/second-generation cephalosporins are suggested, with metronidazole as an option. Laparoscopy without entering the bowel or vagina typically does not require prophylaxis. Uterine evacuation and hysteroscopy may involve doxycycline or azithromycin based on risk factors, whereas, for vulvectomy, cefazolin is recommended. Urogynecology procedures may include cefazolin with metronidazole. In cases of penicillin allergy, cephalosporins are suggested, and, for obese patients, adjusted doses are advised. Additional doses may be needed for prolonged procedures or excessive blood loss. Timing recommendations are 15–60 min before incision, adjusting for specific antibiotics. Clear indications exist for certain surgeries like hysterectomy, termination of pregnancy, and urogynecologic procedures. Conversely, procedures such as intrauterine device insertion, hysteroscopy, and laparoscopy typically do not necessitate antibiotic prophylaxis. For several other procedures, the evidence is inconclusive, while considering dose, timing, and indications can mitigate infectious complications and provide benefits for the healthcare system.
Microwave Behavior of Absorbing Materials With Spirulina Coated With Pure Iron and Design a Black Body for  $W$ -Band

Nanocomposites consisting of fine particles of spirulina coated with pure iron are able to change the dielectric permittivity and the magnetic permeability. The spirulina coated with pure iron is introduced as a kind of absorbing material, whose dielectric permittivity is ~4-0.5j and the magnetic permeability is ≃ 2.7-0.35j. The physical explanation of the fact that the spirulina structures contribute to the electromagnetic characteristics in W-band (75-110 GHz) is analyzed by the theory of the electrically small bifilar helix antenna. In addition, a black body is designed and fabricated. The emissivity of the black body is above 0.994 for both the TE and TM polarizations in the whole W-band, which meets the demanding of the remote sensing of the atmosphere.