Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
I/O streaming evaluation of batch queries for data-intensive computational turbulence

We describe a method for evaluating computational turbulence queries, including Lagrange Polynomial interpolation, based on partial sums that allows the underlying data to be accessed in any order and in parts. We exploit these properties to stream data from disk in a single pass and concurrently evaluate batch queries. The combination of sequential I/O and data sharing improves performance by an order of magnitude when compared with direct evaluation of each query. The technique also supports distributed evaluation of queries in a database cluster, assembling the partial sums from each node at the query mediator. Interpolation is fundamental to computational turbulence, over 95% of queries use these routines, and the partial sums method al- lows the JHU Turbulence Database Cluster to realize scale and throughput for our scientists' data-intensive workloads.
Quality of life in dementia: more than just cognition. An analysis of associations with quality of life in dementia

Objectives: To explore the extent to which commonly used measures of specific outcomes in dementia are an appropriate proxy for quality of life in dementia. Methods: This was a cross sectional study set in communities in London and Nottingham, comprising 101 people with dementia and their 99 main family caregivers. The main outcome measures were health related quality of life in dementia (measured by the DEMQOL-Proxy), cognition (Mini Mental State Examination), functional impairment (Barthel Index), behavioural and psychological symptoms in dementia (Neuropsychiatric Inventory; NPI), and carer mental health (General Health Questionnaire). Results: On univariate analysis, decreased quality of life was statistically significantly correlated with higher levels of behavioural and psychological disturbance (NPI total score and its agitation, depression, anxiety, disinhibition, and irritability subscales); younger age of the person with dementia; and poorer mental health of the carer. Quality of life was not statistically significantly associated with cognition or carer age. In a multivariate model, psychological and behavioural disturbance and patient age remained statistically significantly associated with quality of life. Carer mental health was no longer statistically significantly associated, and cognition and functional limitation remained statistically insignificant. Conclusions: These data suggest that quality of life in dementia is complex, and that simple proxy substitutions of discrete measures such as cognition or function are likely to miss important factors.
A Cognitive Neuroscience of Social Groups

We used functional magnetic resonance imaging to investigate how the human brain processes information about social groups in three domains. Study 1: Semantic knowledge. Participants were scanned while they answered questions about their knowledge of both social categories and non-social categories like object groups and species of nonhuman animals. Brain regions previously identified in processing semantic information are more robustly engaged by nonsocial semantics than stereotypes. In contrast, stereotypes elicit greater activity in brain regions implicated in social cognition. These results suggest that stereotypes should be considered distinct from other forms of semantic knowledge. Study 2: Theory of mind. Participants were scanned while they answered questions about the mental states and physical attributes of individual people and groups. Regions previously associated with mentalizing about individuals were also robustly responsive to judgments of groups. However, multivariate searchlight analysis revealed that several of these regions showed distinct multivoxel patterns of response to groups and individual people. These findings suggest that perceivers mentalize about groups in a manner qualitatively similar to mentalizing about individual people, but that the brain nevertheless maintains important distinctions between the representations of such entities. Study 3: Social categorization. Participants were scanned while they categorized the sex and race of unfamiliar Black men, Black women, White men, and White women.
Author Judgements about Works They Cite: Three Studies from Psychology Journals

Many researchers use citation counts to study science. But few studies explore the meanings of those citations. Oddly enough, least explored of all are judgements by the authors who cite them. This paper describes three empirical studies of citations in psychology journals that explored these judgements. In general, highly cited scholarly works are rated as exemplars and as being of higher quality, although there were differences between older and newer works in these ratings. More interestingly, works rated as highly creative had mixed fates. Creative works were judged to be higher quality exemplars; but creative works also had the lowest citation counts once quality and exemplar ratings were taken into account. It may be that some creative works fit poorly into existing conceptual or methodological structures, and so are used less.
Intergroup neighbouring in urban China: Implications for the social integration of migrants

There is an emerging literature on social interaction and neighbourhood attachment of various social groups in China. However, few have directly addressed the interaction between the locals and migrants at the neighbourhood level. This paper examines the variation of intergroup neighbouring in the city of Nanjing and how housing characteristics and hukou status may affect this process. Measured by intergroup communication and mutual support, this study reveals that migrants are more likely to interact with their urban neighbours, which suggests that migrants might not only interact with each other but also are willing to interact and help with local neighbours. Furthermore, compared with modern commodity housing neighbourhoods developed through the real estate market, older and physically more deprived neighbourhoods characterised by courtyard housing and provisional shelters have higher levels of this intergroup bridging social interaction. This implies that the government’s extensive redevelopment schemes of older neighbourhoods will likely impede on the social integration of migrants and reduce the habitat of intergroup social ties.
Induction of in vitro differentiation and immunoglobulin synthesis of human leukemic B lymphocytes

Successful induction of in vitro differentiation and immunoglobulin synthesis of the leukemic lymphocytes was carried out in two cases of chronic lymphocytic leukemia. Few plasma cells and little specific Ig secretion were detected in the cultures of isolated leukemic B cells in either the presence or the absence of autologous T cells. Up to 30% of the leukemic B cells matured to plasma cells, and a 32-fold increase in specific Ig synthesis was observed when T cells from normal individuals were added to the cultures of these leukemic B cells. In one of the two cases, autologous T cells were able to induce greater than 50% of the leukemic B cells to differentiate further to plasma cells in the presence of pokeweed mitogen. This markedly accelerated in vitro differentiation was only achieved with leukemic cells from cases in which there was evidence of slight differentiation in vivo. No evidence could be obtained for excessive suppressor T cells in these patients. However, a T-cell defect in the generation of allogeneic effect helper factors was identified. This defect may be responsible for the reduced rate of leukemic maturation in vivo.
An intestine-specific homeobox gene regulates proliferation and differentiation

Precise regulation of cellular proliferation, differentiation, and senescence results in the continuous renewal of the intestinal epithelium with maintenance of a highly ordered tissue architecture. Here we show that an intestine-specific homeobox gene, Cdx2, is a transcription factor that regulates both proliferation and differentiation in intestinal epithelial cells. Conditional expression of Cdx2 in IEC-6 cells, an undifferentiated intestinal cell line, led to arrest of proliferation for several days followed by a period of growth resulting in multicellular structures containing a well-formed columnar layer of cells. The columnar cells had multiple morphological characteristics of intestinal epithelial cells. Enterocyte-like cells were polarized with tight junctions, lateral membrane interdigitations, and well-organized microvilli with associated glycocalyx located at the apical pole. Remarkably, there were also cells with a goblet cell-like ultrastructure, suggesting that two of the four intestinal epithelial cell lineages may arise from IEC-6 cells. Molecular evidence for differentiation was shown by demonstrating that cells expressing high levels of Cdx2 expressed sucrase-isomaltase, an enterocyte-specific gene which is a well-defined target for the Cdx2 protein. Taken together, our data suggest that Cdx2 may play a role in directing early processes in intestinal cell morphogenesis and in the maintenance of the differentiated phenotype by supporting transcription of differentiated gene products. We propose that Cdx2 is part of a regulatory network that orchestrates a developmental program of proliferation, morphogenesis, and gene expression in the intestinal epithelium.
Methodology and framework for the development of scientific applications with high-performance computing through web services

One of the biggest problems in the development of high-performance scientific applications is the need for programming environments that allow source code development in an efficient way. However, there is a clear lack of approaches with specific methodologies or optimal working environments to develop high-performance computing software systems. Additionally, existing frameworks are focused on the design and implementation phases, forgetting software component reuse from the earliest stages of the development process. An aspect-oriented and component-based approach is proposed for the development of complex parallel applications from existing functional components and new component definitions, according to business rules established by the users, through a web service entry of the platform. The proposed approach includes a specific methodology to develop high-performance scientific applications through the reuse of components from the earliest stages. Finally, an additional supercomputing-oriented framework aims to facilitate the development of these systems and to make creation, cataloguing, validation and reuse of each application and its components easier.
Spatial and Temporal Reasoning

In the last few decades significant progress has been made in the area of spatial and temporal reasoning. There is a growing interest in this area, especially within the artificial intelligence community, which may be attributed to the large number of application domains in which one has to deal directly or indirectly with temporal or spatial information, or both. However, dealing with time and space is not restricted to artificial intelligence. The analysis of concurrent programs, for example, faces difficult temporal questions, while the design of complex hardware for modern computing machines is plagued by spatial problems. Geographic information systems, tracking systems, mobile networks, distributed systems, cooperating autonomous agents, distributed databases, planning, robot motion, and many other complex systems challenge the capabilities of existing knowledge representation methods and reasoning techniques. Even long-standing research areas such as natural language understanding and production line management are brimming with unanswered questions about the interpretation and control of time and space. There is a large body of methods and techniques to attack problems involving space and time, including nonmonotonic and modal logics, circumscription methods, chronological minimization methods, relation algebras, and applications of constraint-based reasoning. At the International Joint Conference on Artificial Intelligence (IJCAI) in Chambéry, France in 1993, a first Workshop on Spatial and Temporal Reasoning was held with the purpose of both presenting current research
Public environmental skepticism: A cross-national and multilevel analysis

Environmental skepticism, defined as doubt about the authenticity or severity of environmental degradation, is common among the general public. This study attempts to identify its social bases, using a large and recent (2010) dataset that covers 45,119 individuals from 32 countries. Using multilevel modeling, it explores both individual-level and country-level influences on public environmental skepticism. The results support four individual-level perspectives (knowledge deficit, cultural orientation, social trust, and competing priority) and their interplay. Environmental skepticism stems from insufficient education and self-assessed environmental knowledge, religious and conservative values, lack of trust in general society and science, and other concerns competing with environmental concern. Moreover, the skepticism-reducing effect of education and self-assessed knowledge is found to be contingent on individuals’ religiosity and political ideologies. Education and self-assessed knowledge are more effective in reducing skepticism among less religious individuals and left-leaning liberals than among religious people and right-leaning conservatives.
At the sharp end of new organizational ideologies Ethnography and the study of multinationals

The discipline of international management has favoured predominantly functional and structural approaches to data collection and analysis, and its concepts are usually based on rather unitarist, ethnocentric interpretations of `global business' that sideline local features and exaggerate the impact of change. On the other hand, the `varieties of capitalism' approach, while sensitive to national differences in institutions and `national business systems', also relies heavily on functionalist concepts and theories, and is vulnerable to overplaying national differences and underplaying the extent of change. We argue that the epistemic thinking of both approaches suppresses the significance of two issues crucial for explaining the restructuring of national regulatory systems and international firms: (1) the subjective interpretations of human actors in large transnational work organizations; and (2) the ideologies and philosophies surrounding the creation of `efficient' organizational forms. To construct a method for comparative international management that is sensitive to these twin forces of action and ideology, we turn to the traditions of anthropology. In particular, we demonstrate how community-based ethnography sheds light on the tougher edges of global restructuring, and facilitates the grounded analysis of the `new organizational ideology' that has taken root throughout developed capitalist economies, regardless of national differences in business systems.
Experimenting with Heuristics for Answer Set Programming

Answer Set Programming (ASP) is a novel programming paradigm, which allows to solve problems in a simple and highly declarative way. The language of ASP (function-free disjunctive logic programming) is very expressive, and allows to represent even problems of high complexity (every problem in the complexity class P2 = NPNP). As for SAT solvers, the heuristic for the selection of the branching literal (i.e., the criterion determining the literal to be assumed true at a given stage of the computation) dramatically affects the performance of an ASP system. While heuristics for SAT have received a fair deal of research in AI, only little work in heuristics for ASP has been done so far. In this paper, we extend to the ASP framework a number of heuristics which have been successfully employed in existing systems, and we compare them experimentally. To this end, we implement such heuristics in the ASP system DLV, and we evaluate their respective efficiency on a number of benchmark problems taken from various domains. The experiments show interesting results, and evidence a couple of promising heuristic criteria for ASP, which sensibly outperform the heuristic of DLV.
The Implicit Prejudiced Attitudes of Teachers

Ethnic minority students are at risk for school failure and show a heightened susceptibility to negative teacher expectancy effects. In the present study, whether the prejudiced attitudes of teachers relate to their expectations and the academic achievement of their students is examined. The prejudiced attitudes of 41 elementary school teachers were assessed via self-report and an Implicit Association Test. Teacher expectations and achievement scores for 434 students were obtained. Multilevel analyses showed no relations with the self-report measure of prejudiced attitudes. The implicit measure of teacher prejudiced attitudes, however, was found to explain differing ethnic achievement gap sizes across classrooms via teacher expectations. The results of this study also suggest that the use of implicit attitude measures may be important in educational research.
RELATIVE IMPORTANCE OF TECHNOLOGY ACCEPTANCE DIMENSIONS IN USING OF ELECTRONIC BANKING IN MESHKIN CITY'S PUBLIC BANKS

The main objective of this research is relationship between technology acceptance dimensions and use of electronic banking. Statistical population consists of all the customers of public bank of Meshkin city. According to sample volume method, 384 persons have been selected. The environment research consists of the Melli, Maskan and Sepah bank in Meshkin city. In order to collect data, a 31 items questionnaire was prepared and distributed among the sample members. Eventually, 317 filled-out questionnaires were collected. In order to enhance the questionnaire validity researchers consulted with professional faculty members and its reliability confirmed based on Cronbach's alpha coefficient. To analysis of data we have used descriptive statistics i.e. frequencies, valid percent of demographic characteristics. Spearman correlation test and the relative importance were also used to analyze of hypotheses. Findings show that technology acceptance dimensions are significantly related with use of electronic banking. Also was found among technology acceptance dimensions, Trial ability and Usefulness perceived have the highest relative weight.
Pathological forms of dental anxiety: Aetiology, prevalence and fear evoking aspects

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Combination of Jacobi–Davidson and conjugate gradients for the partial symmetric eigenproblem

To compute the smallest eigenvalues and associated eigenvectors of a real symmetric matrix, we consider the Jacobi–Davidson method with inner preconditioned conjugate gradient iterations for the arising linear systems. We show that the coefficient matrix of these systems is indeed positive definite with the smallest eigenvalue bounded away from zero. We also establish a relation between the residual norm reduction in these inner linear systems and the convergence of the outer process towards the desired eigenpair. From a theoretical point of view, this allows to prove the optimality of the method, in the sense that solving the eigenproblem implies only a moderate overhead compared with solving a linear system. From a practical point of view, this allows to set up a stopping strategy for the inner iterations that minimizes this overhead by exiting precisely at the moment where further progress would be useless with respect to the convergence of the outer process. These results are numerically illustrated on some model example. Direct comparison with some other eigensolvers is also provided. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Culture Moves

List of Figures List of Tables Preface Data Sources PART ONE: Theoretical Perspective CHAPTER ONE Adaptation in Human Communities CHAPTER TWO Critical Communities and Movements CHAPTER THREE The Acceptance of New Cultural Values PART TWO: Microfoundations CHAPTER FOUR The Creation of Solidarity CHAPTER FIVE Political Engagement PART THREE: Social and Political Structures CHAPTER SIX Diffusion of Change in Society CHAPTER SEVEN Political and Social Alliances CHAPTER EIGHT Advancing Our Understanding of Cultural Change References Index
Plasmacytoid dendritic cells and cancer

Cancer develops in a complex microenvironment comprising cancer cells, stromal cells, and host immune cells with their soluble products. The counteracting host‐protective and tumor‐promoting roles of different immune cell populations have been elegantly clarified in the last decade by pertinent genetically modified mouse models. Among cells with a potential role in cancer immunity, PDCs might represent important players as a result of their capacity to bring together innate and adaptive immunity. This review summarizes current knowledge about the role of PDCs in cancer immunity. PDCs have been documented in primary and metastatic human neoplasms; however, the clinical significance of this finding is still unknown. Once into the tumor bed, PDCs can be hijacked by the tumor microenvironment and lose their propensity to produce the required amount of endogenous I‐IFN. However, when properly reprogrammed (i.e., by TLR agonists), PDCs might mediate tumor rejection in a clinical setting. Tumor rejection, at least partially, is driven by I‐IFN and seems to require a cross‐talk with other innate immune cells, including IFN DCs. The latter evidence, although still limited to skin cancers, can provide a leading model for developing adjuvant immune therapy for other neoplasms. To this end, the generation of appropriate mouse models to modulate the frequency and activation state of murine PDCs will also be of remarkable importance.
NEUROLOGY AND PSYCHIATRY FACTORS AFFECTING RECOVERY OF MOTOR FUNCTION AFTER NERVE LESIONS

nerve lesions would be easier if there was less doubt about the variables which control the speed and degree of recovery. This paper reports the results of an attempt to define more exactly the influence on final recovery of (1) the nature of the lesion, (2) its level, (3) interference with blood supply of the limb, (4) age of the subject, (5) infection, and (6) delay of suture. Study of clinical material has failed in the past to provide answers to these questions mainly because the variables were so numerous. The cases generally have followed war wounds or accidents; the nerve has been injured over varying lengths; the blood supply has been damaged or there has been infection; surgical treatment has varied from case to case and many other factors have been involved which have made comparisons of clinical cases difficult or impossible. Experiments