Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Elastic-like deformation and elastocaloric effect of a partly ordered iron-platinum alloy exhibiting a weak first-order martensitic transformation

We have studied the temperature dependencies of elastic-like deformation and the elastocaloric effect in an L12-type Fe3Pt alloy with degree of order S = 0.75, which exhibits a weak first-order martensitic transformation (MT) near 85 K (TM). The stress–strain curve under a compressive stress applied in the [0 0 1] direction shows a small stage in the vicinity of TM due to the stress-induced MT. The transformation strain is 0.17% at TM; it decreases linearly as temperature decreases and disappears at 130 K. Thereseems to be a critical point of the MT in the stress–temperature phase diagram at (20 MPa, 130 K). The latent heat of the MT is estimated to be 0.52 J mol−1 from the Clausius–Clapeyron equation. The adiabatic temperature change ΔTadi caused by the latent heat is 0.04 K at 90 K. In contrast, experimentally obtained ΔT is approximately 1 K at 90 K when the applied stress is 100 MPa. The main contribution to ΔT is the temperature dependence of elastic strain caused by softening; the Young’s modulus at 288 K is 55 GPa and it decreases linearly with a slope of 0.28 GPa K−1 as temperature decreases.
Pipe3D stellar and gaseous velocity dispersions for CALIFA Galaxies

We present tables of velocity dispersions derived from CALIFA V1200 datacubes using Pipe3D. Four different dispersions are extracted from emission (ionized gas) or absorption (stellar) spectra, with two spatial apertures (5'' and 30''). Stellar and ionized gas dispersions are not interchangeable and we determine their distinguishing features. We also compare these dispersions with literature values and construct sample scaling relations to further assess their applicability. We consider revised velocity-based scaling relations using the virial velocity parameter S_K^2 = K V_rot^2 + sigma^2 constructed with each of our dispersions. Our search for the strongest linear correlation between S_K and i-band absolute magnitudes favors the common K ~ 0.5, though the range 0.3 - 0.8 is statistically acceptable. The reduction of scatter in our best stellar mass-virial velocity relations over that of a classic luminosity-velocity relation is minimal; this may however reflect the dominance of massive spirals in our sample.
Speckle-correlation-based ciphertext-only attack on the double random phase encoding scheme

The speckle correlation technique is applied to ciphertext-only attack (COA) on optical cryptosystem based on double random phase encoding. According to the inherent merits of speckle correlation, we have revealed a fact that the ciphertext’s autocorrelation is essentially identical to the plaintext’s own autocorrelation. Then, a plaintext image can be directly reconstructed from the autocorrelation of its corresponding ciphertext by employing a iterate phase-retrieval algorithm. This could then lead to a potential security flaw because an unauthorized user could directly retrieve the plaintext from an intercepted ciphertext by performing proposed COA approach. Meanwhile, a series of numerical simulations will also be provided to verify the validity and feasibility of our proposed COA method.
A MOOC Video Viewing Behavior Analysis Algorithm

MOOCs (massive open online courses) are developing rapidly, but they also face many problems. As the MOOC’s most important resource, the course videos have a very important influence on the learning. This article defines the ratio R (R=Average viewing duration/Video length), which reflects the popularity of the video. By analyzing the relationship between the video length, release time, and R, we found a significant negative linear correlation between video length and R and video release time and R. However, when the number of videos is less than the threshold, the release time has less influence on R. This paper presents a video viewing behavior analysis algorithm based on multiple linear regression. The residual independence test proved that the algorithm has a good approximation to the data. It can predict the popularity of similar course videos to help producers optimize video design.
Primary mediastinum Ewing’s sarcoma with pleural effusion: A case report and literature review

Abstract Ewing’s sarcoma (ES) is an aggressive cancer in young adults. Primary ES occurring in the chest with pleural effusion is even rarer. We report the case of a 15-year-old girl who presented with intermittent chest pain occurring for more than 2 months and cough and wheezing for 10 days. Radiological imaging showed a large soft tissue mass with multiple small vessel shadows near the left mediastinum and bloody pleural effusion in the left thorax. ES was diagnosed by positive immunostaining for CD99, FLI-1, and NKX2 combined with fluorescence in situ hybridization detection of the EWSR1 gene arrangement. With chemotherapy, lung computed tomography revealed that the tumor had become much smaller, and the fluid was absorbed. We report a case of extraskeletal Ewing’s sarcoma (EES) in the mediastinum with pleural effusion, which is unusual and challenging. EES is a highly malignant tumor with a poor prognosis. Early diagnosis and treatment can improve the survival rate of patients. Graphic abstract the timeline of the treatment
Young people on the ‘edge of care’: perspectives regarding a residential family intervention programme using social pedagogic and systemic approaches- striving for ‘humane practice’

ABSTRACT Support approaches and interventions to keep families together are major goals in family welfare services. Different service models are used including some targeted at families where the assessment is part of family court pre-proceedings. Although outcomes of family interventions have been extensively researched, there is limited recent research regarding the subjective experiences of young people, their parents/carers and professionals who experience an intervention where they all live together for a short period and where mutually agreed goals and a family programme are co-created. This article presents findings from an exploratory qualitative study into a residential family learning project where families from an English inner-city local authority and professionals reside together for up to a week with engagement in intensive family work. Findings revealed mixed experiences of the intervention with a key theme being that a sense of time and space allowed the families to reflect and listen to each other’s perspectives leading to relationships improving and shifting. However, despite positive changes being made during the intervention sustaining these changes when returning home was often challenging. Findings, which are linked to the systemic idea of punctuation where families saw professionals differently and vice versa, had particular significance for families experiencing social and economic deprivation.
Controllability and observability of cascading failure networks

Cascading failure analysis in previous existing works has mainly focused on random or intentional local attacks, and how to control these failures in complex networks with minimum input from the external signals is a new way of understanding cascades from a global view of network control. In this paper, we are motivated to develop a new framework, which first transforms the original networks (ONs) into cascading failure networks (CFNs) via the attack on each single node. Then, we study the controllability of the CFNs, and try to disclose the cascading failures of the ONs by network control. Furthermore, we analyze the impact of network structure dynamics on the framework. The results show that large-scale cascades are more likely to be triggered by hub node attacks in sparse and inhomogeneous networks, which need more driver nodes in order for them to be controlled. The driver nodes in the CFNs tend to avoid the high-degree nodes in the ONs, and this tendency enhances the homogeneous networks. In addition, networks with strong community strength and heterogeneous community sizes are more robust against attacks, and are easier to control. We also find that the degree distribution of the ONs mainly determines the size of the CFNs, as well as the minimum number of driver nodes, and the latter is also applicable to their observability. Furthermore, a similar impact on the CFNs can be observed by increasing the number of links as well as the capacity of the nodes in the ONs.
Progress in thin-film silicon solar cells based on photonic-crystal structures

We review the recent progress in thin-film silicon solar cells with photonic crystals, where absorption enhancement is achieved by using large-area resonant effects in photonic crystals. First, a definitive guideline for enhancing light absorption in a wide wavelength range (600–1100 nm) is introduced, showing that the formation of multiple band edges utilizing higher-order modes confined in the thickness direction and the introduction of photonic superlattice structures enable significant absorption enhancement, exceeding that observed for conventional random scatterers. Subsequently, experimental evidence of this enhancement is demonstrated for a variety of thin-film Si solar cells: ∼500-nm-thick ultrathin microcrystalline silicon cells, few-µm-thick microcrystalline silicon cells, and ∼20-µm-thick thin single-crystalline silicon cells. The high short-circuit current densities and/or efficiencies observed for each cell structure confirm the effectiveness of using multiple band-edge resonant modes of photonic crystals for enhancing broadband absorption in actual solar cells.
Numerical simulation of mixed convection heat transfer of nanofluid in an inclined enclosure by applying LBM

Mixed convection of Cu-Water nanofluid is studied numerically in a shallow inclined enclosure by applying lattice Boltzmann method. The D2Q9 lattice and internal energy distribution function based on the BGK collision operator are used in order to develop the thermal flow field. The enclosure's hot lid has the constant velocity of U0 while its cold lower wall has no motion. Moreover, sidewalls are taken in to account as adiabatic ones. At 3 modes of convection heat transfer (free convection, force convection and mixed convection), the effects of volume fraction and inclination angle of enclosure are studied for different values of Reynolds number as equal to 10 and 100. Comparison of achieved results as like the streamlines, isotherms and profiles of velocity and temperature versus pervious available ones, implies the appropriate agreement. It is seen that more amount of volume fraction and enclosure inclination angle at the state of free convection would correspond to higher Nusselt number. The incomes of present work show the suitable performance of lattice Boltzmann method in order to simulate the nanofluid mixed convection in an inclined enclosure.
Unidentified γ-ray emission towards the SNR Kes 41 revisited

Kes 41 is one of the Galactic supernova remnants (SNRs) that are proposed to be physically linked to γ-ray emission at GeV energies. The nature of the γ-ray photons has been explained, but inconclusively, as hadronic collisions of particles accelerated at the SNR blast wave with target protons in an adjacent molecular clump. We performed an analysis of Fermi-Large Area Telescope (LAT) data of about nine years to assess the origin of the γ-ray emission. To investigate this matter, we also used spectral modelling constraints from the physical properties of the interstellar medium towards the γ-ray emitting region along with a revised radio continuum spectrum of Kes 41 (α = −0.54 ± 0.10, S ∝ να). We demonstrate that the γ-ray fluxes in the GeV range can be explained through bremsstrahlung emission from electrons interacting with the surrounding medium. We also considered a model in which the emission is produced by pion decay after hadronic collisions, and confirm that this mechanism cannot be excluded.
On Residues of Intertwining Operators in Cases with Prehomogeneous Nilradical

Abstract Let $\text{P}\,\text{=}\,\text{M}\,\text{N}$ be a Levi decomposition of a maximal parabolic subgroup of a connected reductive group $\text{G}$ over a $p$ -adic field $F$ . Assume that there exists ${{w}_{0}}\,\in \,G\left( F \right)$ that normalizes $\text{M}$ and conjugates $\text{p}$ to an opposite parabolic subgroup. When $\text{N}$ has a Zariski dense $\text{Int}\,\text{M}$ -orbit, $\text{F}$ . Shahidi and $\text{X}$ . Yu described a certain distribution $D$ on $\text{M}\left( F \right)$ , such that, for irreducible unitary supercuspidal representations $\pi $ of $\text{M}\left( F \right)$ with $\pi \,\cong \,\pi \,\circ \,\text{Int}\,{{w}_{0}},\,\text{Ind}_{\text{P}\left( F \right)}^{\text{G}\left( F \right)}\,\pi $ is irreducible if and only if $D\left( f \right)\,\ne \,0$ for some pseudocoefficient $f$ of $\pi $ . Since this irreducibility is conjecturally related to $\pi $ arising via transfer from certain twisted endoscopic groups of $\text{M}$ , it is of interest to realize $D$ as endoscopic transfer from a simpler distribution on a twisted endoscopic group $\text{H}$ of $\text{M}$ . This has been done in many situations where $\text{N}$ is abelian. Here we handle the standard examples in cases where $\text{N}$ is nonabelian but admit a Zariski dense $\text{Int}\,\text{M}$ -orbit.
Recent results for column generation based diving heuristics

Math heuristics have become an essential component in mixed integer programming (MIP) solvers. As the Dantzig-Wolfe reformulation of a problem is typically tighter than that of the original compact formulation, heuristics based on rounding its linear program- ing (LP) solution can be more competitive. We focus on the so-called diving methods that used re-optimization after each LP rounding. Our numerical results on generalized assignment, cutting stock, and vertex coloring problems sets new benchmarks, highlighting the performance of diving heuristics as generic procedures in a column generation context and producing better solutions than state-of-the-art specialized heuristics in some cases.
Analysis of Trivium by a Simulated Annealing variant

This paper proposes a new method of solving certain classes of systems of multivariate equations over the binary ﬁeld and its cryptanalytical applications. We show how heuristic optimization methods such as hill climbing algorithms can be relevant to solving systems of multivariate equations. A characteristic of equation systems that may be eﬃciently solvable by the means of such algorithms is provided. As an example, we investigate equation systems induced by the problem of recovering the internal state of the stream cipher Trivium. We propose an improved variant of the simulated annealing method that seems to be well-suited for this type of system and provide some experimental results.
Stability of Nonlinear Functional Differential Equations by the Contraction Mapping Principle

Fixed point theory has a long history of being used in nonlinear differential equations, in order to prove existence, uniqueness, or other qualitative properties of solutions. However, using the contraction mapping principle for stability and asymptotic stability of solutions is of more recent appearance. Lyapunov functional methods have dominated the determination of stability for general nonlinear systems without solving the systems themselves. In particular, as functional differential equations (FDEs) are more complicated than ODEs, obtaining methods to determine stability of equations that are difficult to handle takes precedence over analytical formulas. Applying Lyapunov techniques can be challenging, and the Banach fixed point method has been shown to yield less restrictive criteria for stability of delayed FDEs. We will study how to apply the contraction mapping principle to stability under different conditions to the ones considered by previous authors. We will first extend a contraction mapping stability result that gives asymptotic stability of a nonlinear time-delayed scalar FDE which is linearly dominated by the last state of the system, in order to obtain uniform stability plus asymptotic stability. We will also generalize to the vector case. Afterwards we do further extension by considering an impulsively perturbed version of the previous result, and subsequently we shall use impulses to stabilize an unstable system, under a contraction method paradigm. At the end we also extend the method to a time dependent switched system, where difficulties that do not arise in non-switched systems show up, namely a dwell-time condition, which has already been studied by previous authors using Lyapunov methods. In this study, we will also deepen understanding of this method, as well as point out some other difficulties about using this technique, even for non-switched systems. The purpose is to prompt further investigations into this method, since sometimes one must consider more than one aspect other than stability, and having more than one stability criterion might yield benefits to the modeler.
Does larval ability to modulate body buoyancy explain successful colonization of freshwater environments by diadromous gobies?

Salinity is an environmental factor that strongly characterizes the habitat use patterns of aquatic organisms. However, knowledge is biased toward the effect of differences in osmotic pressure among salinity habitats; how ambient specific gravity (SG) differences determine species distribution is scarcely understood. Diadromous fish, which migrate between marine and freshwater habitats, may encounter this SG problem when they are unexpectedly landlocked in or colonize freshwater areas with low environmental SG. This is particularly serious for planktonic larval fish, which must maintain neutral buoyancy for foraging and passive locomotion, although their swimbladders are generally underdeveloped. Then, we hypothesized that the SG problem limits the establishment of freshwater resident populations in marine-originated diadromous fishes. To test this hypothesis, the SG modulation ability of newly hatched larvae was compared among three closely related diadromous goby species in Gymnogobius, one of which has freshwater resident populations. The aquarium experimental results did not support that only the species deriving freshwater residents can maintain neutral buoyancy even in freshwater conditions; that is, all three species could modulate their body SG almost equally to those of both fresh and sea waters. This suggests that the ability to maintain neutral buoyancy in freshwater had been pre-adaptively acquired prior to larval freshwater colonization. On the other hand, it is highly noteworthy that the early larvae of the target group maintained neutral buoyancy in various SG environments using swimbladders, which is the first such evidence in teleosts.
Centrosome amplification primes for apoptosis and favors the response to chemotherapy in ovarian cancer beyond multipolar divisions

Centrosome amplification is a feature of cancer cells associated with chromosome instability and invasiveness. Enhancing chromosome instability and subsequent cancer cell death via centrosome unclustering and multipolar divisions is an aimed-for therapeutic approach. Here we show that centrosome amplification favors responses to conventional chemotherapy independently of multipolar divisions and chromosome instability. We perform single-cell live imaging of chemotherapy responses in epithelial ovarian cancer cell lines and observe increased cell death when centrosome amplification is induced. By correlating cell fate with mitotic behaviors, we show that enhanced cell death occurs independently of chromosome instability. We identify that cells with centrosome amplification are primed for apoptosis. We show they are dependent on the apoptotic inhibitor BCL-XL, and that this is not a consequence of mitotic stresses associated with centrosome amplification. Given the multiple mechanisms that promote chemotherapy responses in cells with centrosome amplification, we assess such a relationship in an epithelial ovarian cancer patient cohort. We show that high centrosome numbers associate with improved chemotherapy responses and longer overall survival. Our work identifies apoptotic priming as a clinically relevant consequence of centrosome amplification, expanding our understanding of this pleiotropic cancer cell feature.
Accounting for genetic effect heterogeneity in fine-mapping and improving power to detect gene-environment interactions with SharePro

Background Characterizing genetic effect heterogeneity across subpopulations with different environmental exposures is useful for identifying exposure-specific pathways, understanding biological mechanisms underlying disease heterogeneity and further pinpointing modifiable risk factors for disease prevention and management. Classical gene-by-environment interaction (GxE) analysis can be used to characterize genetic effect heterogeneity. However, it can have a high multiple testing burden in the context of genome-wide association studies (GWAS) and requires a large sample size to achieve sufficient power. Methods We adapt a colocalization method, SharePro, to account for effect heterogeneity in finemapping and subsequently improve power for GxE analysis. Through joint fine-mapping of exposure stratified GWAS summary statistics, SharePro can greatly reduce multiple testing burden in GxE analysis. Results Through extensive simulation studies, we demonstrated that accounting for effect heterogeneity can improve power for fine-mapping. With efficient joint fine-mapping of exposure stratified GWAS summary statistics, SharePro alleviated multiple testing burden in GxE analysis and demonstrated improved power with well-controlled false discovery rate. Through analyses of smoking status stratified GWAS summary statistics, we identified genetic effects on lung function modulated by smoking status mapped to the genes CHRNA3, ADAM19 and UBR1. Additionally, using sex stratified GWAS summary statistics, we characterized sex differentiated genetic effects on fat distribution and provided biologically plausible candidates for functional follow-up studies. Conclusions We have developed an analytical framework to account for effect heterogeneity in finemapping and subsequently improve power for GxE analysis. The SharePro software for GxE analysis is openly available at https://github.com/zhwm/SharePro_gxe.
Analysis of human BBS protein homologues in insects support alternative non-ciliary functions

Cilia and flagella were one of the characteristic traits of the last eukaryotic common ancestor and as such, are highly conserved among eukaryotes. Their proteomic makeup is consequently remarkably similar throughout all eukaryotic lineages. Recently, one subgroup of ciliary transport proteins in mammalian cells, the Bardet-Biedl Syndrome (BBS) proteins, was shown to have the ability to traverse the nuclear envelope, and to engage in protein-protein-interactions that modulate gene expression, signalling cascades, and cell homeostasis. Insects have been critically understudied in cilia biology because of their highly specialised cilia being localised on only a small subset of cell types. In this study, we present evidence that the BBSome, a hetero-octameric ciliary transport complex of BBS proteins, is largely conserved in multiple insect lineages. Using the honeybee Apis mellifera as a study system to explore BBS-associated gene expression, our analyses suggest that not all BBSome-associated genes are expressed equally, indicating possible non-ciliary functions. We also demonstrate that the expression of individual BBS proteins varies significantly between the tissues of queens and males in A. mellifera, especially in neuronal tissue. This result raises the question of what role BBS proteins play in these tissues and whether they are involved in gene regulation in insects. The potential gene regulatory function of BBS proteins should be explored in other eukaryotes due to their high degree of conservation.