Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Effects of Static and Dynamic Stretching on Injury Prevention in High School Soccer Athletes: A Randomized Trial.

OBJECTIVE To determine if there is any benefit to static stretching after performing a dynamic warm-up in the prevention of injury in high school soccer athletes. DESIGN Prospective cluster randomized nonblinded study. SETTING 12 high schools with varsity and junior varsity boys' soccer teams (24 soccer teams) across the state of Michigan. PARTICIPANTS Four hundred ninety-nine student-athletes were enrolled, and 465 completed the study. One high school dropped out of the study in the first week, leaving a total of 22 teams. INTERVENTIONS Dynamic stretching protocol vs dynamic + static (D+S) stretching protocol. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Lower-extremity, core, or lower-back injuries per team. RESULTS Twelve teams performed the dynamic stretching protocol and 10 teams performed the D+S stretching protocol. There were 17 injuries (1.42 ± 1.49 injuries/ team) among the teams that performed the dynamic stretching protocol and 20 injuries (2.0 ± 1.24 injuries/ team) among the teams that performed the D+S protocol. There was no statistically significant difference in injuries between the 2 groups (P = .33). CONCLUSIONS There is no difference between dynamic stretching and D+S stretching in the prevention of lower-extremity, core, and back injuries in high school male soccer athletes. Static stretching does not provide any added benefit to dynamic stretching in the prevention of injury in this population before exercise.
Generic Screen Representations for Future Proof Systems - Is It Possible? Two-model approach to a generic GUI

Semantic interoperability should not only cover system interpretation of incoming information, but should be extended to include screen representation. This article describes a two-model approach to generate a screen representation for archetype-based information, which is inspired by the two-model approach used by openEHR for their archetypes. It provides a separation between software-related display knowledge and domain-related display knowledge and is designed with reuse of components in mind. This approach leads to a flexible GUI that can adapt not only to information structures that are not predefined within the receiving system and display them in a meaningful way, but also to novel ways of displaying the information. We are working on a proof of concept implementation to validate the approach.
Authentication of the R06E Fruit Bat Cell Line

Fruit bats and insectivorous bats are believed to provide a natural reservoir for a wide variety of infectious diseases. Several lines of evidence, including the successful isolation of infectious viruses, indicate that Marburg virus and Ravn virus have found a major reservoir in colonies of the Egyptian rousette (Rousettus aegyptiacus). To facilitate molecular studies on virus-reservoir host interactions and isolation of viruses from environmental samples, we established cell lines from primary cells of this animal. The cell lines were given to several laboratories until we realized that a contamination with Vero cells in one of the cultures had occurred. Here we describe a general diagnostic procedure for identification of cross-species contamination with the focus on Vero and Rousettus cell lines, and summarize newly discovered properties of the cell lines that may pertain to pathogen discovery.
Coverage Optimization Techniques in WSN using PSO: A Survey

Focus of this study is the sensor coverage problem which is a crucial issue, where a high coverage rate will ensure a high quality of service (QoS) of the Wireless Sensor Network (WSN). The coverage strategies are categorized into three groups based on the approaches used, namely; force based, grid based or computational geometry based. PSO is a popular multidimensional optimization technique. The objective of this paper is to present a state of the art survey on these strategies used to optimize sensor coverage using Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO).
RB1-mediated cell-autonomous and host-dependent oncosuppressor mechanisms in radiation-induced osteosarcoma

The mechanisms by which retinoblastoma 1 (RB1) mediates oncosuppressive functions are still being elucidated. We found that radiation-induced senescence in the bone depends on RB1 and is associated with the secretion of multiple bioactive factors, including interleukin-6 (IL-6), as well as with the infiltration of natural killer T (NKT) cells. Importantly, the inhibition of RB1, IL-6 or NKT cells predisposed mice to radiation-induced osteosarcomas, unveiling a cancer cell-extrinsic mechanisms that underlie the oncosuppressive activity of RB1.
The Epsilon-2 hybrid dataflow architecture

Epsilon-2 is a general parallel computer architecture that combines the fine-grain parallelism of dataflow computing with the sequential efficiency common to von Neumann computing. Instruction-level synchronization, single-cycle context switches, and reduced-instruction-set-computer-like sequential efficiency are all supported in Epsilon-2. Epsilon-2 is based on an intrinsically parallel computation model. The instruction scheduling model of Epsilon-2 is a generalization of both the von Neumann and dataflow models. The storage model of Epsilon-2 is a parallel generalization of a traditional stack-based storage model. The system is built around a module consisting of a processor board and structure memory board, connected by a four-by-four crossbar, an input/output port, and the global interconnect. In this way, each additional unit of processing brings with it a unit of structure memory, a unit of I/O bandwidth, and a unit of global interconnect bandwidth. A sample code is presented in detail, and the progress of the physical implementation discussed. <<ETX>>
Effects of Astaxanthin from Litopenaeus Vannamei on Carrageenan-Induced Edema and Pain Behavior in Mice

Carrageenan produces both inflammation and pain when injected in mouse paws via enhancement of reactive oxygen species formation. We have investigated an effect of astaxanthin extracted from Litopenaeus vannamei in carrageenan-induced mice paw edema and pain. The current study demonstrates interesting effects from astaxanthin treatment in mice: an inhibition of paw edema induced in hind paw, an increase in mechanical paw withdrawal threshold and thermal paw withdrawal latency, and a reduction in the amount of myeloperoxidase enzyme and lipid peroxidation products in the paw. Furthermore the effect was comparable to indomethacin, a standard treatment for inflammation symptoms. Due to adverse effects of indomethacin on cardiovascular and gastrointestinal systems, our study suggests promising prospect of astaxanthin extract as an anti-inflammatory alternative against carrageenan-induced paw edema and pain behavior.
Discretization Using Clustering and Rough Set Theory

The majority of the data mining algorithms are applied to data described by discrete or nominal attributes. In order to apply these algorithms effectively to any dataset the continuous attribute need to be transformed to discretized ones. This paper presents an approach using clustering and rough set theory (RST). The experiments are performed on four datasets from UCI ML repository. The performance of the proposed approach is compared with some common discretization methods based on the two parameters - the number of intervals and the class-attribute interdependence redundancy (CAIR) value. The results of the proposed method show a satisfactory trade off between the number of intervals and the information loss due to discretization
Effect of Temperature and Acidity of Sulfuric Acid on Concrete Properties

Concrete corrosion caused by sulphuric acid attack is a known phenomenon in sewer systems, resulting in significant economic losses and environmental problems. However, there is a scarcity of reported laboratory simulations and experimental work investigating the contributing factors controlling the corrosion. In this EPSRC (Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council, UK) funded investigation the effect of temperature and the acidity of sulphuric acid solution on concrete specimens extracted from brand new concrete sewers has been investigated. In this investigation the concrete samples are submerged in three sulphuric acid solutions (pH = 0.5, 1 and 2) for 91 days under different temperatures (10oC, 20oC and 30oC). Mass loss and compressive strength of the concrete specimens were tested and recorded at 7, 14, 28, 42, 56 and 91 days providing interesting data for visualising the changes taking place in the concrete samples (change in properties) during the time of immersion. The results revealed that samples overall mass increased at the early stages of the corrosion process. It also was observed that the overall mass of the samples decreased significantly at the later stages of the testing process with respect to the acidity of the solutions used. Although the change in temperature did not have a significant effect on the compressive strength of the tested samples, rise in temperature however, had considerable effect on the mass loss of the concrete samples which were immersed in the most aggressive solution (i.e., pH=0.5 and temperature = 30oC) at 91 days. This research clearly demonstrated a high correlation between the acidity of the solution and the rate of corrosion with respect to time.
Antiinflammatory Activity of Melatonin in Central Nervous System

Melatonin is mainly produced in the mammalian pineal gland during the dark phase. Its secretion from the pineal gland has been classically associated with circadian and circanual rhythm regulation. However, melatonin production is not confined exclusively to the pineal gland, but other tissues including retina, Harderian glands, gut, ovary, testes, bone marrow and lens also produce it. Several studies have shown that melatonin reduces chronic and acute inflammation. The immunomodulatory properties of melatonin are well known; it acts on the immune system by regulating cytokine production of immunocompetent cells. Experimental and clinical data showing that melatonin reduces adhesion molecules and pro-inflammatory cytokines and modifies serum inflammatory parameters. As a consequence, melatonin improves the clinical course of illnesses which have an inflammatory etiology. Moreover, experimental evidence supports its actions as a direct and indirect antioxidant, scavenging free radicals, stimulating antioxidant enzymes, enhancing the activities of other antioxidants or protecting other antioxidant enzymes from oxidative damage. Several encouraging clinical studies suggest that melatonin is a neuroprotective molecule in neurodegenerative disorders where brain oxidative damage has been implicated as a common link. In this review, the authors examine the effect of melatonin on several neurological diseases with inflammatory components, including dementia, Alzheimer disease, Parkinson disease, multiple sclerosis, stroke, and brain ischemia/reperfusion but also in traumatic CNS injuries (traumatic brain and spinal cord injury)
SemEval-2007 Task 11: English Lexical Sample Task via English-Chinese Parallel Text

We made use of parallel texts to gather training and test examples for the English lexical sample task. Two tracks were organized for our task. The first track used examples gathered from an LDC corpus, while the second track used examples gathered from a Web corpus. In this paper, we describe the process of gathering examples from the parallel corpora, the differences with similar tasks in previous SENSEVAL evaluations, and present the results of participating systems.
Pain Thresholds and Tolerances of Competitive Rowers and Their Use of Spontaneous Self-Generated Pain-Coping Strategies

Experimental ischaemic pain was induced in 20 male competitive rowers in training and a control group of 20 males not in training. Pain tolerances, but not thresholds, were higher for competitive rowers. The rowers also reported using a range of self-generated pain-coping strategies during testing which, they claimed, they also used during training. Pain tolerances were correlated with the number and quality of coping strategies used during testing.
Mitigating the Problem of Unmeasured Outcomes in Quality Reports

Abstract Quality reports or profiles of health care providers are inevitably based on only a measurable subset of the ``outputs" of the organization. Hospitals, for example, are being profiled on their mortality in the cardiac area but not in some other areas where mortality does not seem to be the appropriate measure of quality. If inputs used for outputs included in the profile also affect outputs outside the scope of the profile, it can be taken into account in constructing a profile of the measured outputs. This paper presents a theory for how such a commonality in production should be taken into account in designing a profile for a hospital or other health care provider. We distinguish between ``conventional" weights in a quality profile, and ``optimal" weights that take into account a commonality in the production process. The basic idea is to increase the weights on discharges for which output is measured that use inputs that are important to other discharges whose outputs are not included in the profile.
Regulation of the Yeast Transcriptional Factor PHO2 Activity by Phosphorylation*

The induction of yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae gene PHO5 expression is mediated by transcriptional factors PHO2 and PHO4. PHO4 protein has been reported to be phosphorylated and inactivated by a cyclin-CDK (cyclin-dependent kinase) complex, PHO80-PHO85. We report here that PHO2 can also be phosphorylated. A Ser-230 to Ala mutation in the consensus sequence (SPIK) recognized by cdc2/CDC28-related kinase in PHO2 protein led to complete loss of its ability to activate the transcription of PHO5 gene. Further investigation showed that the Pro-231 to Ser mutation inactivated PHO2 protein as well, whereas the Ser-230 to Asp mutation did not affect PHO2 activity. Since the PHO2 Asp-230 mutant mimics Ser-230-phosphorylated PHO2, we postulate that only phosphorylated PHO2 protein could activate the transcription of PHO5 gene. Two hybrid assays showed that yeast CDC28 could interact with PHO2. CDC28 immunoprecipitate derived from the YPH499 strain grown under low phosphate conditions phosphorylated GST-PHO2 in vitro. A phosphate switch regulates the transcriptional activation activity of PHO2, and mutations of the (SPIK) site affect the transcriptional activation activity of PHO2 and the interaction between PHO2 and PHO4. BIAcore® analysis indicated that the negative charge in residue 230 of PHO2 was sufficient to help PHO2 interact with PHO4 in vitro.
Continuous and multiple waves of emotional responses: Mother's experience with a premature infant

Background: In recent years, there has been a rise in the number of premature births. Mothers of these newborns experience a high degree of stress over time. Since a more comprehensive understanding of this phenomenon can help the healthcare teams in detecting the deficiencies and needs of such newborns’ mothers for a better and more effective intervention, the present study was carried out to describe the mothers’ experiences in the area of premature birth. Materials and Methods: The present study is a qualitative study with a content analysis approach. The data collection process included 15 semi-structured and in-depth interviews with the mothers delivering premature babies during 2012-2013 in the medical educational centers of north and northwest of Iran. A purposive sampling method was used. All the interviews were recorded, typed, and finally analyzed using a qualitative content analysis with a conventional method. Results: Data analysis led to the extraction of continuous and multiple waves of emotional responses in mothers with premature birth. This has been revealed in mothers by the different categories of affective reactions, symptoms of anxiety, and mood disturbances including decline in performance, individual shortcomings, and mental irritation. Conclusions: Mothers’ unpreparedness and unexpected childbirth make them encounter the multiple and continuous waves of emotional responses, which will consequently lead to decline in performance, individual shortcomings, and mental irritation among them. Therefore, in order to prevent the negative and long-term consequences of such reactions, it is recommended that more attention should be given to support these mothers as the main caregivers of such infants.
Alcoholic Dementia

thereby producing in the affected chimpanzees a clinical picture and pathological findings similar in nature to those in the human subject. In the other form, the inoculation of material from cases of Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease has not produced the syndrome in chimpanzees. The age and onset of the signs and symptoms in this patient are consistent with a diagnosis of Type lb Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease. The EEG abnormality and the myoclonic jerks present fifteen years previously are extremely unusual in that so protracted a course for this complaint has probably not been recorded before.
Plasmonic enhanced pyroelectrics for microfluidic manipulation

Plasmon enhanced micromanipulation addresses some of the drawbacks associated with more traditional optical based methods, particularly in regard to the nature of laser excitation required for actuation. The resonant electromagnetic field enhancement observed as a result of the plasmon resonance phenomenon, enables trapping of nanoscale objects, and reduces the risk of photoinduced sample damage by reducing excitation power required for trapping. Plasmon resonance introduces an unavoidable heating effect which hinders stable trapping in microfluidic environments as a result of phenomena such as convection. In this work, the heating associated with plasmon resonance is used constructively, to devise a new micromanipulation technique. Plasmonic nanostructures are patterned on pyroelectric substrates which create an electric field in response to changes in temperature. This electric field results in the generation of local and global electrokinetic phenomena which are used in high throughput trapping of suspended particles. To demonstrate the versatility of this technique, particles are patterned into arbitrary shapes. A suggested application for this technique is as an optically controlled photoresist free lithographic method for use in microfluidic environments.
Dose-Dependent Responses of I3C and DIM on T-Cell Activation in the Human T Lymphocyte Jurkat Cell Line

Indole-3-carbinol (I3C) and its dimer diindolylmethane (DIM) are bioactive metabolites of a glucosinolate, glucobrassicin, found in cruciferous vegetables. Both I3C and DIM have been reported to possess pro-apoptotic, anti-proliferative and anti-carcinogenic properties via modulation of immune pathways. However, results from these studies remain inconclusive since they lack thorough evaluation of these bioactives’ physiological versus pharmacological effects. In the present study, we investigated I3C and DIM’s dose-dependent effects on cytokines production in human T lymphocytes Jurkat cell line (Clone E6-1). The results showed that I3C and DIM pretreatment, at higher concentrations of 50 and 10 μM, respectively, significantly increased PMA/ionomycin-induced interleukin-2 (IL-2), interleukin-8 (IL-8) and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) production, measured by real time polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). As a plausible mechanism underlying such pronounced cytokine release, we found robust increase in downstream nuclear factor κB (NF-κB) and nuclear factor of activated T-cells 1 (NFAT1) signaling with I3C pretreatment, whereas DIM pretreatment only significantly induced NF-κB activation, but not NFAT1. We hypothesize that I3C/DIM pretreatment primes the T cells to become hyperresponsive upon PMA/ionomycin stimulation which in turn differentially induces two major downstream Ca2+-dependent inflammatory pathways, NF-κB and NFAT1. Our data show novel insights into the mechanisms underlying induction of pro-inflammatory cytokine release by pharmacological concentrations of I3C and DIM, an effect negligible under physiological conditions.
Hydroxyurea-Increased Fetal Hemoglobin Is Associated with Less Organ Damage and Longer Survival in Adults with Sickle Cell Anemia

Background Adults with sickle cell anemia (HbSS) are inconsistently treated with hydroxyurea. Objectives We retrospectively evaluated the effects of elevating fetal hemoglobin with hydroxyurea on organ damage and survival in patients enrolled in our screening study between 2001 and 2010. Methods An electronic medical record facilitated development of a database for comparison of study parameters based on hydroxyurea exposure and dose. This study is registered with ClinicalTrials.gov, number NCT00011648. Results Three hundred eighty-three adults with homozygous sickle cell disease were analyzed with 59 deaths during study follow-up. Cox regression analysis revealed deceased subjects had more hepatic dysfunction (elevated alkaline phosphatase, Hazard Ratio = 1.005, 95% CI 1.003–1.006, p<0.0.0001), kidney dysfunction (elevated creatinine, Hazard Ratio = 1.13, 95% CI 1.00–1.27, p = 0.043), and cardiopulmonary dysfunction (elevated tricuspid jet velocity on echocardiogram, Hazard Ratio = 2.22, 1.23–4.02, p = 0.0082). Sixty-six percent of subjects were treated with hydroxyurea, although only 66% of those received a dose within the recommended therapeutic range. Hydroxyurea use was associated with improved survival (Hazard Ratio = 0.58, 95% CI 0.34–0.97, p = 0.040). This effect was most pronounced in those taking the recommended dose of 15–35 mg/kg/day (Hazard Ratio 0.36, 95% CI 0.17–0.73, p = 0.0050). Hydroxyurea use was not associated with changes in organ function over time. Further, subjects with higher fetal hemoglobin responses to hydroxyurea were more likely to survive (p = 0.0004). While alkaline phosphatase was lowest in patients with the best fetal hemoglobin response (95.4 versus 123.6, p = 0.0065 and 96.1 versus 113.6U/L, p = 0.041 at first and last visits, respectively), other markers of organ damage were not consistently improved over time in patients with the highest fetal hemoglobin levels. Conclusions Our data suggest that adults should be treated with the maximum tolerated hydroxyurea dose, ideally before organ damage occurs. Prospective studies are indicated to validate these findings.
Maternal Separation Induces Alterations in Reversal Learning and Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor Expression in Adult Rats

Aims: Early postnatal maternal and/or sibling separation (MS) can play an important role in the development of psychopathologies during ontogeny. The purpose of the present study is to investigate the effects of repeated MS on the cognitive and brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) function of rats. Methods: We investigated the effects of repeated MS that lasted 3 h/day during postnatal days 1-21 on spatial learning and reversal learning in Morris water maze tests in male rats. The rats were tested in 4 trials. Moreover, we examined the effects of MS on BDNF protein expression in the medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC), the nucleus accumbens, and the hippocampus via immunohistochemistry measurements. Results: We found that repeated MS modestly disrupted reversal learning performance in the Morris water maze and decreased BDNF protein expression in the mPFC. Conclusion: The present study enhances our understanding of the neurobiological and behavioral consequences of repeated episodes of MS in rats to some degree.