Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The Oxford India Elwin : selected writings

PUBLISHER'S NOTE O 1. FOREWORD (LEAVES FROM THE JUNGLE) O 2. 'DEAR AS THE MOON' (THE TRIBAL WORLD OF VERRIER ELWIN) O 3. 'PHILANTHROPOLOGY' (PHILANTHROPOLOGIST): MARIAS-MURIAS-KUTTIA KONDS-TRUE TREASURE-BONDOS-SAORAS O 4. 'ORGANIZATION OF THE TRIBE' (THE MURIAS AND THEIR GHOTUL): THE CLAN SYSTEM-THE ORIGIN OF THE CLANS-CLAN RULES-THE FAMILY-SUMMARY-AN EVENING IN THE GHOTUL-SONGS-GHOTUL DISCIPLINE O 5. PREFACE (PHILANTHROPOLOGIST) O 6. 'PRIESTS AND SHAMANS' (THE RELIGION OF AN INDIAN TRIBE): PRIESTS AND SHAMANS-THE BUYYA-THE KURANMARAN-REMINISCENCES-THE IDAIMARAN-THE ART OF THE IKON-IKONS DESIGNED TO PROMOTE OR PRESERVE THE FERTILITY OF THE CROPS-IKONS DEDICATED TO GODS TO AVERT DISEASE-IKONS MADE TO ASSIST CHILDBIRTH-IKONS WHICH REPRESENT SHRINES AND HILLS-IKONS MADE IN HONOUR OF TUTELARIES O 7. 'FOLK-SONGS OF THE MAIKAL HILLS' (PHILANTHROPOLOGIST): INTRODUCTION O 8. 'INTRODUCTION: THE CREATION OF THE WORLD AND MANKIND' (MYTHS FROM MIDDLE INDIA): AGARIA-MURIA-BHARIA-BAIGA-RAJNENGI PARDHAN-GOND-AHIR-KOL-DHULIA-DHANWAR-PARDHAN-OJHA-PANKA-BHUI MARIA-LOHAR-KAHAR-KOND-LANJHIA SAORA-GADABA-JHORIA-KAMAR-GOGIA PARDHAN-CHOKH AGARIA-ASUR-BONDO-MURIA-SOME ASPECTS OF RELIGION: AHIR-WITCHCRAFT AND MAGIC: DEWAR, PARDHAN-FESTIVALS, SONG, AND DANCE: BADI, GOND O 9. 'TRAVELS IN THE NEFA HIGHLANDS' (PHILANTHROPOLOGIST): A PILGRIMAGE TO TAWANG-A SCRAMBLE AMONG THE TAGINS-PROMENADES IN SIANG-THE STRANGE FASCINATION OF LOHIT-VISITS TO TIRAP O 10. 'THE ART OF THE NORTH-EAST FRONTIER' (PHILANTHROPOLOGIST): INTRODUCTION-A FRONTIER OF HOPE O 11. 'NAGALAND' (PHILANTHROPOLOGIST): A FINE PEOPLE-THE KIRATAS-THE NAGA COUNTRYSIDE-THE WORD 'NAGA'-THE NAGA GROUPS-NAGA LIFE AND CULTURE-THE NAGA VILLAGES AND HOMES-RELIGION-FEASTS OF MERIT-HEAD-HUNTING-THE NAGA LANGUAGES-NAGA POETRY-THE BIRD REPLIES-A TIME OF CHANGE O 12. 'MYTHS OF THE NORTH-EAST FRONTIER' (PHILANTHROPOLOGIST): INTRODUCTION O 13. 'DEMOCRACY IN NEFA' (PHILANTHROPOLOGIST): THE TRIBAL COUNCILS IN NEFA O 14. FOLK SONGS OF CHHATTISGARH: SELECTED SONGS O NOTES
Development of Organs-on-Chips and Their Impact on Precision Medicine and Advanced System Simulation

Drugs may undergo costly preclinical studies but still fail to demonstrate their efficacy in clinical trials, which makes it challenging to discover new drugs. Both in vitro and in vivo models are essential for disease research and therapeutic development. However, these models cannot simulate the physiological and pathological environment in the human body, resulting in limited drug detection and inaccurate disease modelling, failing to provide valid guidance for clinical application. Organs-on-chips (OCs) are devices that serve as a micro-physiological system or a tissue-on-a-chip; they provide accurate insights into certain functions and the pathophysiology of organs to precisely predict the safety and efficiency of drugs in the body. OCs are faster, more economical, and more precise. Thus, they are projected to become a crucial addition to, and a long-term replacement for, traditional preclinical cell cultures, animal studies, and even human clinical trials. This paper first outlines the nature of OCs and their significance, and then details their manufacturing-related materials and methodology. It also discusses applications of OCs in drug screening and disease modelling and treatment, and presents the future perspective of OCs.
The Aneto glacier's (Central Pyrenees) evolution from 1981 to 2022: ice loss observed from historic aerial image photogrammetry and remote sensing techniques

Abstract. The Aneto glacier, although it may be considered a very small glacier (<0.5 km2), is the largest glacier in the Pyrenees. Its surface and thickness loss have been continuous in recent decades, and there have been signs of accelerated melting in recent years. In this study, thickness and surface losses of the Aneto glacier from 1981 to 2022 are investigated using historical aerial imagery, airborne lidar point clouds and unoccupied aerial vehicle (UAV) imagery. A ground-penetrating radar (GPR) survey conducted in 2020, combined with data from photogrammetric analyses, allowed us to reconstruct the current ice thickness and also the existing ice distribution in 1981 and 2011. Over the last 41 years, the total glacierised area has decreased by 64.7 %, and the ice thickness has decreased, on average, by 30.5 m. The mean remaining ice thickness in autumn 2022 was 11.9 m, as against the mean thickness of 32.9, 19.2 and 15.0 m reconstructed for 1981 and 2011 and observed in 2020, respectively. The results demonstrate the critical situation of the glacier, with an imminent segmentation into two smaller ice bodies and no evidence of an accumulation zone. We also found that the occurrence of an extremely hot and dry year, as observed in the 2021–2022 season, leads to a drastic degradation of the glacier, posing a high risk to the persistence of the Aneto glacier, a situation that could extend to the rest of the Pyrenean glaciers in a relatively short time.
Soil Fertility Atlas for Karnataka, India

Our research during the last decade showed that soil testing is an effective tool for diagnosing nutrient problems in farmers' fields. Soil test-based nutrient management allows a judicious use of fertilizers supplying various nutrient elements. This Atlas comprises of results from Bhoochetan Mission Project Under which a large-scale sampling was undertaken on farmers' fields in all the district of Karnataka. Bhoochetana is a mission project for enchancing agricultural productivity of rain-fed systems in the state of Karnataka by adopting science-led approach with technical backstopping from ICRISAT-led consortium. The recommendations on nutrient applications are made by using critical limits in the soil for major, secondary and micronutrients. The soil test results are categorised as sufficient (Soil test value above the critical limit of an element) or deficient (Soil test value below the critical limit).
Effect of Liquidity Risk on the Financial Performance of Quoted Deposit Money Banks in Nigeria

This study examines the effect of liquidity risk on the financial performance of quoted deposit money banks in Nigeria. The ratio of loans and advances to total assets and the ratio of loans and advances to total deposits were used to measure liquidity risk, while Return on Assets (ROA) was used to measure financial performance. Data were collected from the annual financial reports of each of the deposit money banks. The study utilized panel regression to analyse the data from a sample of eleven (11) quoted deposit money banks on the Nigerian Exchange Group from 2014- 2021. The results of the panel regression revealed that the loans and advances to total assets and loans and advances to deposit have a significant effect on the performance of the quoted deposit money banks in Nigeria. The study recommends that quoted deposit money banks management should diversify their loan portfolio to reduce concentration risk. By diversifying the loan portfolio, banks can spread the risk and reduce the impact of defaults on their performance. The current loans to deposit of 65% ordered by the Central Bank of Nigeria should be sustained. However, bank management should manage their deposit growth to ensure that they have sufficient funds to support their loan and advance activities. This can be achieved by setting appropriate deposit rates.
Optimization of an urban monitoring network for emergency response applications: An approach for characterizing the source of hazardous releases

The aim of this study is to optimize sensor networks for fast deployment in order to reconstruct an unknown source of intentional or accidental release in local urban topography. In such emergency circumstances, only the meteorological conditions are available in real time and the network deployed must be efficient enough regardless of a source's position and intensity. To determine the optimal positions to be instrumented by the sensors, an adequate cost function is defined based on the renormalization inversion method. This function, named the entropic criterion, quantifies the amount of information contained in a network of the sensors to estimate the intensity and the location of an unknown source. The optimal design is approached as combinatorial optimization (NP‐Hard) and a stochastic algorithm (simulated annealing, SA) is employed to solve this problem. The computation is performed by coupling the CFD adjoint fields in an urban environment, the renormalization algorithm and the SA. The optimization is evaluated with 20 trials of the Mock Urban Setting Test (MUST) tracer field experiment for the reconstruction of a continuous point release in an idealized urban geometry using optimal networks of sizes 10 and 13 sensors. The process is achieved successfully and the results showed that the reduction of an original network of 40 sensors to one third (13) and one quarter (10) does not degrade the performance of this network. Also, a comparison of the optimal design efficiency based on apriori information and without apriori information about the source showed that the present entropic criterion leads to network design and performance that can accurately retrieve an unknown emission source in an urban environment.
Contrast-Induced Encephalopathy in Patients with Chronic Kidney Disease and End-Stage Kidney Disease: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Background: Contrast-induced encephalopathy (CIE) is an infrequent but serious neurological condition that occurs shortly after the administration of contrast during endovascular and angiography procedures. Patients suffering from chronic kidney disease (CKD) or end-stage kidney disease (ESKD) are considered to be at a higher risk of contrast medium neurotoxicity, due to the delayed elimination of the contrast medium. However, the occurrence and characteristics of CIE in CKD/ESKD patients have not been extensively investigated. Methods: We conducted a comprehensive literature search, utilizing databases such as MEDLINE, EMBASE, the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, and the Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, up to September 2022. The purpose was to identify documented cases of CIE among patients with CKD or ESKD. Employing a random-effects model, we calculated the pooled incidence and odds ratio (OR) of CIE in CKD/ESKD patients. Results: Our search yielded a total of eleven articles, comprising nine case reports and two observational studies. Among these studies, 2 CKD patients and 12 ESKD patients with CIE were identified. The majority of the CKD/ESKD patients with CIE (93%) had undergone intra-arterial contrast media and/or endovascular procedures to diagnose acute cerebrovascular disease, coronary artery disease, and peripheral artery disease. The male-to-female ratio was 64%, and the median age was 63 years (with an interquartile range of 55 to 68 years). In the two observational studies, the incidence of CIE was found to be 6.8% in CKD patients and 37.5% in ESKD patients, resulting in a pooled incidence of 16.4% (95% CI, 2.4%–60.7%) among the CKD/ESKD patients. Notably, CKD and ESKD were significantly associated with an increased risk of CIE, with ORs of 5.77 (95% CI, 1.37–24.3) and 223.5 (95% CI, 30.44–1641.01), respectively. The overall pooled OR for CIE in CKD/ESKD patients was 32.9 (95% CI, 0.89–1226.44). Although dialysis prior to contrast exposure did not prevent CIE, approximately 92% of CIE cases experienced recovery after undergoing dialysis following contrast exposure. However, the effectiveness of dialysis on CIE recovery remained uncertain, as there was no control group for comparison. Conclusions: In summary, our study indicates an association between CIE and CKD/ESKD. While patients with CIE showed signs of recovery after dialysis, further investigations are necessary, especially considering the lack of a control group, which made the effects of dialysis on CIE recovery uncertain.
Drug-Coated Balloon-Only Strategy for De Novo Coronary Artery Disease: A Meta-analysis of Randomized Clinical Trials

Backgrounds Many clinical trials have demonstrated the value of drug-coated balloons (DCB) for in-stent restenosis. However, their role in de novo lesions is not well documented. The aim of this study is to evaluate the safety and efficacy of the DCB-only strategy compared to other percutaneous coronary intervention strategies for de novo coronary lesions. Methods The PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, and Cochrane Library Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL) electronic databases were searched for randomized controlled trials published up to May 6, 2023. The primary outcomes were major adverse cardiac events and late lumen loss. Results A total of eighteen trials with 3336 participants were included. Compared with drug-eluting stents, the DCB-only strategy was associated with a similar risk of major adverse cardiac events (risk ratio (RR) = 0.90; 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.59 to 1.37, P = 0.631) and a significant decrease in late lumen loss (standardized mean difference (SMD) = −0.29, 95% CI: −0.53 to −0.04, P = 0.021). This effect was consistent in subgroup analysis regardless of indication, follow-up time, drug-eluting stent type, and dual antiplatelet therapy duration. However, DCBs were inferior to DESs for minimum lumen diameter and percentage diameter stenosis. The DCB-only strategy showed significantly better outcomes for most endpoints compared to plain-old balloon angioplasty or bare metal stents. Conclusions Interventions with a DCB-only strategy are comparable to those of drug-eluting stents and superior to plain-old balloon angioplasty or bare metal stents for the treatment of selected de novo coronary lesions. Additional evidence is still warranted to confirm the value of DCB before widespread clinical utilization can be recommended.
Miniaturized P-Band MW-Level Klystron With CeSRRs for CSNS Linac Application

In this article, a metamaterial (MTM)-inspired <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">${P}$ </tex-math></inline-formula>-band klystron using the second harmonic bunching technology is investigated by means of theory and simulation for the China Spallation Neutron Source (CSNS) linac application. The MTM-inspired klystron includes a high-frequency structure (HFS) with a 53% volume reduction compared to conventional counterparts while keeping high power and high efficiency. The diameter reduction is achieved by loading MTM unit cells, complementary electric split ring resonators (CeSRRs), into resonant cavities. Thus, a compact five-cavity MTM-inspired HFS using CeSRRs with a second harmonic cavity (SHC) is constructed. The particle-in-cell (PIC) jointing simulation results of the HFS and the electron-optical system indicate that the MTM-inspired klystron with CeSRRs can generate 2.97 MW output power at 324 MHz with a beam voltage of 110 kV and a beam current of 47.23 A, corresponding to an electronic efficiency of 57.2% and a gain of 50.6 dB. Vacuum breakdown and thermal analyses confirm the reliability of the miniaturization technique applied to MW-level klystron at <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">${P}$ </tex-math></inline-formula>-band.
A Model Framework for Stochastic Representation of Uncertainties Associated with Physical Processes in NOAA’s Next Generation Global Prediction System (NGGPS)

In this study, we propose a physical-process-based stochastic parameterization scheme using cellular automata for NOAA’s Next Generation Global Prediction System. The cellular automata, used to simulate stochastic processes such as the production and destruction of subgrid convective elements, are conditioned on unresolved vertical motion that follows a prescribed stochastically generated skewed distribution (SGS). The SGS is described by a stochastic differential equation and linked to observations by taking into account the first four moments from an observed dataset. In the proposed parameterization framework, we emphasize the need for a dynamical memory term to be included in physical-process-based stochastic parameterizations, and we illustrate the requirement for the dynamical memory using the Mori–Zwanzig formalism. Although this paper focuses on the methodology, early results indicate that if we apply our stochastic framework to deep cumulus convection, it is found that the frequency distribution of precipitation is improved in a single-member stochastic forecast, and some improved spread–skill relationship in ensemble runs can be found in state variables in the tropics, as well as in the subtropics.
Spectra and anisotropy during GLE # 4 on 19 November 1949 derived using historical records

A methodological study of solar energetic particles provides the necessary basis to understand the mechanisms of their acceleration and propagation in interplanetary space. According to the current paradigm, following solar eruptive processes, such as solar flares and/or coronal mass ejections, solar ions can be accelerated to high energies. In most cases, the energy of the accelerated solar ions is several tens of MeV/n, yet in some cases, it exceeds 100 MeV/n and occasionally reaches the GeV/n range. In the latter case, the energy is sufficient for solar ions to generate an atmospheric cascade in the Earth’s atmosphere with secondary particles reaching the ground and registered by ground-based detectors. This particular class of events is known as ground-level enhancements (GLEs). At present, 73 GLEs in total have been detected, starting with the Forbush first observations in 1942. The first three events were registered only by ionization chambers; the fourth event was recorded by ionization chambers, muon telescopes, and a non-standard neutron monitor. Using the historical records of ionization chambers, namely their count-rate increases, and a state-of-the-art model, we assessed the spectra of GLE # 4 that occurred on 19 November 1949. We employed a method adapted from neutron monitor data analysis, that is, modelling the ionization chamber responses and other detectors and optimization over the experimental count rate increases. Hence, we assessed the GLE # 4 spectra, hgere presenting preliminary results
Self-Assembly of Polymer-Modified FePt Magnetic Nanoparticles and Block Copolymers

The fabrication of nanocomposites containing magnetic nanoparticles is gaining interest as a model for application in small electronic devices. The self-assembly of block copolymers (BCPs) makes these materials ideal for use as a soft matrix to support the structural ordering of the nanoparticles. In this work, a high-molecular-weight polystyrene-b-poly(methyl methacrylate) block copolymer (PS-b-PMMA) was synthesized through anionic polymerization. The influence of the addition of different ratios of PMMA-coated FePt nanoparticles (NPs) on the self-assembled morphology was investigated using transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and small-angle X-ray scattering (SAXS). The self-assembly of the NPs inside the PMMA phase at low particle concentrations was analyzed statistically, and the negative effect of higher particle ratios on the lamellar BCP morphology became visible. The placement of the NPs inside the PMMA phase was also compared to theoretical descriptions. The magnetic addressability of the FePt nanoparticles inside the nanocomposite films was finally analyzed using bimodal magnetic force microscopy and proved the magnetic nature of the nanoparticles inside the microphase-separated BCP films.
Seroprevalence of IgG Antibodies Directed against Dengue, Chikungunya and West Nile Viruses and Associated Risk Factors in Madagascar, 2011 to 2013

Arboviruses have been shown to circulate in Madagascar, including West Nile, dengue, and chikungunya viruses, though the extent of their circulation remains poorly documented. We estimated the seroprevalence of these three arboviruses in Madagascar and determined risk factors associated with seropositivity. Serum samples obtained from 1680 individuals surrounding the Sentinel Health Centers network in all regions of the country were analyzed using ELISA and hemagglutination inhibition assays for dengue, chikungunya, and West Nile viruses IgG antibodies, and multivariate logistic regression models were run. Overall, 6.5% [IC 95% 3.2–9.9] were seropositive for dengue virus, predominantly of Dengue serotype 1, 13.7% [IC 95% 6.5–20.9] for chikungunya virus, and 12.7% [IC 95% 9.0–16.5] for West Nile virus. There was no association with age, showing that dengue and chikungunya viruses were likely recently introduced. Eastern and Northern parts were more affected by dengue and chikungunya viruses, while West Nile virus seemed to circulate in all parts of the country. Dengue and chikungunya seropositivity were notably associated with high levels of vegetation, as well as frequent work in the forest, and West Nile seropositivity with the presence of cultivated areas, as well as standard of living. This analysis gives a new insight into arboviruses circulation and transmission patterns in Madagascar.
Development of a gas chromatography system coupled to a metal-oxide semiconductor (MOS) sensor, with compensation of the temperature effects on the column for the measurement of ethene

Abstract. A possible way to reduce the size and complexity of common gas chromatography (GC) systems is the economization of the column temperature regulation system. To this end, a temperature compensation method was developed and validated on a benchtop GC-PDD (pulsed discharge detector) with ethene. An in-house-developed algorithm correlates the retention index of a test gas to the retention index of a previously selected reference gas. To investigate further methods of cost reduction, commercial gas sensors were tested as cheap, sensitive, and versatile detectors. Therefore, CO2 was chosen as a naturally occurring reference gas, while ethene was chosen as a maturity marker for climacteric fruits and hence as a test gas. A demonstrator, consisting of a simple syringe injection system, a PLOT (porous layer open tubular) column boxed in a polystyrene-foam housing, a commercial MOS (metal-oxide semiconductor) sensor for the test gas, and a CO2-specific IR (infrared) sensor, was used to set up a simple GC system and to apply this method on test measurements. Sorption parameters for ethene and CO2 were determined via a van 't Hoff plot, where the entropy S was −11.982 J mol−1 K−1 ΔSEthene0 and 1.351 J mol−1 K−1 ΔSCarbondioxide0, and the enthalpy H was −20.622 kJ mol−1 ΔHEthene0 and −14.792 kJ mol−1 ΔHCarbondioxide0, respectively. Ethene (100 ppm) measurements revealed a system-specific correction term of 0.652 min. Further measurements of ethene and interfering gases revealed a mean retention time for ethene of 3.093 min; the mean predicted retention time is 3.099 min. The demonstrator was able to identify the test gas, ethene, as a function of the reference gas, CO2, in a first approach, without a column heating system and in a gas mixture by applying a temperature compensation algorithm and a system-specific holdup time correction term.