Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Can Community Social Cohesion Prevent Posttraumatic Stress Disorder in the Aftermath of a Disaster? A Natural Experiment From the 2011 Tohoku Earthquake and Tsunami

In the aftermath of a disaster, the risk of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is high. We sought to examine whether the predisaster level of community social cohesion was associated with a lower risk of PTSD after the earthquake and tsunami in Tohoku, Japan, on March 11, 2011. The baseline for our natural experiment was established in a survey of older community-dwelling adults who lived 80 kilometers west of the epicenter 7 months before the earthquake and tsunami. A follow-up survey was conducted approximately 2.5 years after the disaster. We used a spatial Durbin model to examine the association of community-level social cohesion with the individual risk of PTSD. Among our analytic sample (n = 3,567), 11.4% of respondents reported severe PTSD symptoms. In the spatial Durbin model, individual- and community-level social cohesion before the disaster were significantly associated with lower risks of PTSD symptoms (odds ratio = 0.87, 95% confidence interval: 0.77, 0.98 and odds ratio = 0.75, 95% confidence interval: 0.63, 0.90, respectively), even after adjustment for depression symptoms at baseline and experiences during the disaster (including loss of loved ones, housing damage, and interruption of access to health care). Community-level social cohesion strengthens the resilience of community residents in the aftermath of a disaster.
Identification of Species of Nontuberculous Mycobacteria Clinical Isolates from 8 Provinces of China

Pulmonary diseases caused by nontuberculous mycobacteria (NTM) are increasing in incidence and prevalence worldwide. In this study, we identified NTM species of the clinical isolates from 8 provinces in China, in order to preliminarily provide some basic scientific data in the different species and distribution of NTM related to pulmonary disease in China. A total of 523 clinical isolates from patients with tuberculosis (TB) diagnosed clinically from 2005 to 2012 were identified to the species using conventional and molecular methods, including multilocus PCR, rpoB and hsp65 PCR-PRA, hsp65, rpoB, and 16S-23S internal transcribed spacer region sequencing. The isolates were identified into 3 bacterium genera, including NTM, Gordonia bronchialis, and Nocardia farcinica, and, for the 488 NTM isolates, 27 species were identified. For all the 27 species of NTM which were found to cause pulmonary infections in humans, the most prevalent species was M. intracellulare, followed by M. avium and M. abscessus. And seven other species were for the first time identified in patients with TB in China. NTM species identification is very important for distinguishing between tuberculosis and NTM pulmonary diseases, and the species diversity drives the creation of diverse and integrated identification methods with higher accuracy and efficacy.
Screening for New Delhi metallo-β-lactamase-1 in Enterobacteriaceae: Is there a role for the modified Hodge test?

Objective: The New Delhi metallo-β-lactamase-1 (NDM-1) enzyme is a plasmid-encoded enzyme that inactivates carbapenem antibiotics. This study aims to ascertain if the modified Hodge test (MHT) has a role in screening for NDM-1 in Enterobacteriaceae with reduced carbapenem susceptibility. Methods: Over a period of one year, all Enterobacteriaceae isolates from all clinical specimens with reduced susceptibility to at least one carbapenem were subjected to MHT and conventional polymerase chain reaction (PCR) detection of the NDM-1 gene. Results: A total of 13,098 Enterobacteriaceae isolates were screened and 63 (0.48%) had reduced susceptibility to at least one carbapenem. Out of the 63 isolates, 45 (71.4%) were MHT-positive. The NDM-1 gene was detected in 18 of the 63 isolates (28.6%). All 18 PCR-positive isolates were also MHT-positive. Thus, the sensitivity and specificity of the MHT in detecting NDM-1 in Enterobacteriaceae with reduced carbapenem susceptibility are 100% and 40%, respectively. Conclusion: The MHT is a useful test to screen for the presence of NDM-1 in Enterobacteriaceae with reduced carbapenem susceptibility. However, due to its rather low specificity, all MHT-positive isolates should be subjected to alternative tests (e.g. PCR) for confirmation, especially if other types of carbapenemases (e.g. KPC) are prevalent.
Controller-switching based gait transition for a quadruped robot

In this paper, we propose a gait transition strategy for a quadruped robot using the Hopf Oscillator model and trajectory planning. The Hopf Oscillator model is used to generate rhythmic moving pattern during trot gait, and trajectory planning based on the Stability Margin (SM) is employed to implement walk gait as well as the transition between walk gait and trot gait. Especially, we develop a moving sequence based on SM to control the transition, and the method can completes gait transition along with switches between conventional trajectory planning controller and Central Pattern Generator (CPG) based on Hopf Oscillator. So the quadruped robot can achieve the stable transition between walk gait and trot gait, and the transition approach can achieve switches between controllers. Finally, we conduct the simulation and the results are discussed. Both the walk-to-trot and trot-to-walk transitions can be achieved within less than one second.
Syntax over focus

This paper compares three factors affecting prosodic phrasing in Korean: syntax, focus and speech rate. The Syntax and Focus constraints have been claimed to be stronger than the Speech Rate constraint, but it is not known which of these -the syntactic constraint (SYNTAX) or the focus constraint (FOCUS) – is stronger. Based on production and perception data, it is found that SYNTAX is stronger than FOCUS, both at normal and fast speech rates, though less so at fast rate.
SHape REtrieval Contest (SHREC) 2008

Since 2006 the 3D shape retrieval contest SHREC has been organized. The general objective is to evaluate the effectiveness of 3D shape retrieval algorithms. 3D media retrieval is overlooked in most commercial search engines, while at the same time it is expected to represent a huge amount of traffic and data stored in the Internet. Recent advances in technology have made available cost-effective scanning devices that could not even be imagined a decade ago. It is now possible to acquire 3D data of a physical object in a few seconds and produce a digital model of its geometry that can be easily shared on the Internet. On the other hand, most PCs connected to the Internet are nowadays equipped with high-performance 3D graphics hardware, that support rendering, interaction and processing capabilities from home environments to enterprise scenarios.
An analysis of a comprehensive planning framework for customizing SQA

Software quality assurance (SQA) is an important part of software development that ensures the software quality. The effectiveness of the process is highly dependent on the technique(s) and tools(s) that are employed for the execution of the process. However, the choice of technique or tool to use is a hard and complicated decision that involves many factors. Research has been done to formalize the method of defining and characterizing these factors. In this paper we have analyzed the framework proposed by Frank Elberzhanger and Christian Denger. The shortcomings and limitations are highlighted and possible improvements are given. We further propose a new model/framework on the basis of above discussion.
The roles of long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids in pregnancy, lactation and infancy: review of current knowledge and consensus recommendations

Abstract This paper reviews current knowledge on the role of the long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (LC-PUFA), docosahexaenoic acid (DHA, C22:6n-3) and arachidonic acid (AA, 20:4n-6), in maternal and term infant nutrition as well as infant development. Consensus recommendations and practice guidelines for health-care providers supported by the World Association of Perinatal Medicine, the Early Nutrition Academy, and the Child Health Foundation are provided. The fetus and neonate should receive LC-PUFA in amounts sufficient to support optimal visual and cognitive development. Moreover, the consumption of oils rich in n-3 LC-PUFA during pregnancy reduces the risk for early premature birth. Pregnant and lactating women should aim to achieve an average daily intake of at least 200 mg DHA. For healthy term infants, we recommend and fully endorse breastfeeding, which supplies preformed LC-PUFA, as the preferred method of feeding. When breastfeeding is not possible, we recommend use of an infant formula providing DHA at levels between 0.2 and 0.5 weight percent of total fat, and with the minimum amount of AA equivalent to the contents of DHA. Dietary LC-PUFA supply should continue after the first six months of life, but currently there is not sufficient information for quantitative recommendations.
Impact of sensor ageing on iris recognition

Similar to the impact of ageing on human beings, digital image sensors develop ageing effects over time. Since these imager's ageing effects (commonly denoted as pixel defects) leave marks in the captured images, it is not clear whether this affects the accuracy of iris recognition systems. This paper proposes a method to investigate the influence of sensor ageing on iris recognition by simulative ageing of an iris test database. A pixel model is introduced and an ageing algorithm is discussed to create the test database. To establish practical relevance, the simulation parameters are estimated from the observed ageing effects of a real iris scanner over the timespan of 4 years.
Atratividade de destino turístico: a percepção dos atores locais de Ouro Preto, MG, Brasil

EnglishTourism marketing is still a theme which faces difficulties to stablish solid theoretical basis, given the complexity of the tourism amalgam. The touristic attractions and infrastructure-related elements of a tourist location are mentioned in the literature as important for attracting visitors. However, the elements perceived by actors of a touristic destination remain unknown. Therefore, the objective of this paper was to identify the main elements of attractiveness perceived by stakeholders of an historical destination. Through a qualitative approach the research is based on in-depth interviews with local stakeholders from Ouro Preto, Minas Gerais, Brazil. The study showed that the perception of attractiveness of local actors covers the historical and cultural distinct attractions and problems such as lack of service innovation and professionalism. It also points solutions such as the exploitation of potential attractions and product differentiation towards competitors. portuguesO marketing turistico ainda e uma area que enfrenta dificuldades em estabelecer bases teoricas solidas, dada a complexidade do amalgama turistico. Os atrativos turisticos e os elementos relacionados a infraestrutura dos servicos e dos produtos de uma localidade turistica sao mencionados pela literatura como importantes para a atracao de visitantes. Contudo, nao se sabe exatamente os elementos percebidos por atores de um destino turistico. Assim, o objetivo deste trabalho foi identificar os principais elementos de atratividade local percebidos por stakeholders de um destino turistico historico-cultural. A abordagem do estudo foi qualitativa e se baseou em entrevistas em profundidade com atores do trade turistico de Ouro Preto, Minas Gerais, Brasil. O estudo demonstrou que a percepcao de atratividade dos atores entrevistados abrange os atrativos historico-culturais diferenciados e problemas como amadorismo e falta de inovacao na prestacao de servicos. Tambem foram apontadas solucoes como a possibilidade de exploracao de atrativos naturais e a diferenciacao dos produtos frente a concorrencia de destinos competidores.
An Analysis of Popular Mpi Implementations

| T h e MPI 1:1 deenition includes routines for nonblocking point-to-point communication that are intended to support the overlap of communication with computation. We describe two experiments that test the ability o f M P I implementations to actually perform this overlap. One experiment tests synchronization overlap, and the other tests data-transfer overlap. We g i v e results for vendor-supplied MPI implementations on the CRAY T3E, IBM SP, and SGI Origin2000 at the CEWES MSRC, along with results for MPICH on the T3E. All the implementations show full support for synchronization overlap. Conversely, n o n e of them support data-transfer overlap at the level needed for signiicant performance improvement in our experiment. We suggest that programming for overlap may n o t b e w orth-while for a broad class of parallel applications using many current MPI implementations.
(Re‐)Interpreting Fiduciary Duty to Justify Socially Responsible Investment for Pension Funds?

Manuscript Type: ConceptualResearch Issue: A critical issue for the future growth of socially responsible investment (SRI) is to what extent institutional investors such as pension funds can be persuaded to engage in it. This paper considers attempts at justifying such engagement stemming from a range of (re‐)interpretations of the fiduciary duties owed by pension funds to their beneficiaries, and thereby develops a hypothesis concerning the most effective political or legal remedy. Research Findings: Previous commentary suggests that fiduciary duty either already mandates SRI for pension funds, or at least can be made to do so rather easily. In contrast with this, however, this paper finds that none of the considered interpretations is able to justify engagement on social and environmental issues across the board. Indeed, the problem to some extent seems rooted in the very concept of fiduciary duty. Theoretical Implications: The paper is relevant to current attempts at justifying SRI through reinterpretations of fiduciary duty, provided mainly by legal scholars and practitioners. By addressing the more philosophical issue of how far the concept of fiduciary duty can be “stretched” to accommodate SRI (a project of conceptual rather than legal clarification), it provides an evaluation of the contemporary debate which is independent of squabbles about existing law. Policy Implications: The paper shows that there are conceptual limits to attempts at redefining fiduciary duty. But this does not mean that pension funds' engagement in SRI is unjustified or unjustifiable more generally. A more promising way to legally mandate SRI may be through what is dubbed independent social and environmental obligations.
Structure of L-A Virus: A Specialized Compartment for the Transcription and Replication of Double-stranded RNA

The genomes of double-stranded (ds)RNA viruses are never exposed to the cytoplasm but are confined to and replicated from a specialized protein-bound compartment—the viral capsid. We have used cryoelectron microscopy and three-dimensional image reconstruction to study this compartment in the case of L-A, a yeast virus whose capsid consists of 60 asymmetric dimers of Gag protein (76 kD). At 16-Å resolution, we distinguish multiple domains in the elongated Gag subunits, whose nonequivalent packing is reflected in subtly different morphologies of the two protomers. Small holes, 10–15 Å across, perforate the capsid wall, which functions as a molecular sieve, allowing the exit of transcripts and the influx of metabolites, while retaining dsRNA and excluding degradative enzymes. Scanning transmission electron microscope measurements of mass-per-unit length suggest that L-A RNA is an A-form duplex, and that RNA filaments emanating from disrupted virions often consist of two or more closely associated duplexes. Nuclease protection experiments confirm that the genome is entirely sequestered inside full capsids, but it is packed relatively loosely; in L-A, the center-to-center spacing between duplexes is 40–45 Å, compared with 25–30 Å in other double-stranded viruses. The looser packing of L-A RNA allows for maneuverability in the crowded capsid interior, in which the genome (in both replication and transcription) must be translocated sequentially past the polymerase immobilized on the inner capsid wall.
Force transduction and strain dynamics in actin stress fibres in response to nanonewton forces

It is becoming clear that mechanical stimuli are crucial factors in regulating the biology of the cell, but the short-term structural response of a cell to mechanical forces remains relatively poorly understood. We mechanically stimulated cells transiently expressing actin–EGFP with controlled forces (0–20 nN) in order to investigate the structural response of the cell. Two clear force-dependent responses were observed: a short-term (seconds) local deformation of actin stress fibres and a long-term (minutes) force-induced remodelling of stress fibres at cell edges, far from the point of contact. By photobleaching markers along stress fibres we were also able to quantify strain dynamics occurring along the fibres throughout the cell. The results reveal that the cell exhibits complex heterogeneous negative and positive strain fluctuations along stress fibres in resting cells that indicate localized contraction and stretch dynamics. The application of mechanical force results in the activation of myosin contractile activity reflected in an ~50% increase in strain fluctuations. This approach has allowed us to directly observe the activation of myosin in response to mechanical force and the effects of cytoskeletal crosslinking on local deformation and strain dynamics. The results demonstrate that force application does not result in simplistic isotropic deformation of the cytoarchitecture, but rather a complex and localized response that is highly dependent on an intact microtubule network. Direct visualization of force-propagation and stress fibre strain dynamics have revealed several crucial phenomena that take place and ultimately govern the downstream response of a cell to a mechanical stimulus.
Research of BP Algorithm Based on Fusion Technique

The BP neural network algorithm data can be parallel processing, information processing capability is strong, itself is learning, association and memory capacity, avoids the limitations of traditional methods and the subjective and arbitrary of expert evaluation, the source of a single cause data with evaluation objects evaluation model is not between objective simplified, and a single source of data led to the not objective simplification between evaluation model and evaluation. But it also has the network training time is too long, easily falling into local minima, cann't training and other shortcomings. In this paper, we design a algorithm with principal component analysis, particle swarm optimization algorithm and BP neural network. The new algorithm has well application ability, and compared with the BP algorithm, it has small errors and short training time.
Using while moving: HCI issues in fieldwork environments

“Using while moving” is the basic ability fieldwork users require of a mobile computer system. These users come from a wide range of backgrounds but have in common an extremely mobile and dynamic workplace. We identify four specific characteristics of this class of users: dynamic user configuration, limited attention capacity, high-speed interaction, and context dependency. A prototype is then presented that was designed to assist fieldworkers in data collection tasks and to explore the HCI design issues involved. The prototype was used in an extensive field trial by a group of ecologists observing giraffe behavior in Kenya. Following this trial, improvements were made to the prototype interface which in turn was tested in a subsequent field trial with another group of ecologists. From this experience, we have formulated our resulting ideas about interface design for fieldworkers into two general principles: Minimal Attention User Interfaces (MAUIs) and context awareness. The MAUI seeks to minimize the attention, though not necessarily the number of interactions, required from the user in operating a device. Context awareness enables the mobile device to provide assistance based on a knowledge of its environment.
Performance comparison of Daubechies wavelet family in infant cry classification

Infant cry is a non-stationary, loud, high-pitched signal made by infants in response to certain situations. This acoustic signal can be used to identify physical or psychology status of infant. The aim of this work is to compare the performance of Daubechies wavelet family in infant cry classification. The orders of db1, db3, db4, db6 and db10 are chosen randomly for this investigation. Infant cry signals are decomposed into five levels using wavelet packet transform. Energy and entropy features are computed at different sub bands. Two different case studies such as, normal versus asphyxia and normal versus hypoacoustic are performed. Two different types of radial basis artificial neural networks namely, Probabilistic Neural Network (PNN) and General Regression Neural Network (GRNN) are used to classify the infant cry signals. The results emphasized that the proposed features and classification algorithms can be used to aid the medical professionals for diagnosing pathological status of infant cry.
The Social Structure of Interlocal Cooperation in Metropolitan Areas

This paper reviews the literature on local government cooperation and finds an over-reliance on environmentally imposed incentives and constraints as explanatory factors. By contrast, there is insufficient treatment of the actions, interactions, and reactions exhibited by the actors who govern local institutions. By conceptualizing local government actors as embedded in a larger social structure, it is possible to see the ways in which these actors, as parts of a whole, might interact to achieve regional objectives. This paper examines the metropolitan social structure of institutional actors, along with the social psychology of organizing, and proposes some specific avenues to a better understanding of how and why cooperation occurs in metropolitan areas. Rather than assume the fortunes of local governments are solely dependent on external initiatives, this view holds that actors help to create the metropolitan environment of which they are a part.
Ultralow-Amplitude Cepheids in the Large Magellanic Cloud

The MACHO variables of LMC field 77 that lie in the vicinity of the Cepheid instability strip are reexamined. Among the 144 variables that we identify as Cepheids, we find 14 that have Fourier amplitudes <0.05 mag in the MACHO red band, of which seven have an amplitude <0.006 mag: we dub the latter group of stars ultralow-amplitude (ULA) Cepheids. The variability of these objects is verified by a comparison of the MACHO red with the MACHO blue light curves and with those of the corresponding OGLE LMC stars. The occurrence of ULA Cepheids is in agreement with theory. We have also discovered two low-amplitude variables whose periods are about a factor of 5-6 smaller than those of F Cepheids of equal apparent magnitude. We suggest that these objects are Cepheids undergoing pulsations in a surface mode and that they belong to a novel class of Strange Cepheids (or surface mode Cepheids) whose existence was predicted by Buchler et al. (1997).