Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
RBCD: redundant binary coded decimal adder

The major advantage of the binary coded decimal (BCD) system is in providing rapid binary-decimal conversion. The shortcoming of the BCD system is that BCD arithmetic operations are often slow and require complex hardware. The performance of BCD operations can be improved through a redundant binary coded decimal (RBCD) representation which leads to carry-free operations. This paper introduces the VLSI design of an RBCD adder. The design consists of two small PLAs and two 40-bit binary adders for one digit of the RBCD adder. The addition delay is constant for n-digit RBCD addition (no carry propagation delay). The VLSI time and space complexities of the design as well as its layout are presented. In addition, the authors show that BCD to RBCD conversion can be carried out in a constant time. However, RBCD to BCD conversion requires a carry-ripple operation which can be accomplished with a complexity equivalent to that of the carry-look-ahead circuitry. < >
Development of 3D Printed Multi-Layered Orodispersible Films with Porous Structure Applicable as a Substrate for Inkjet Printing

The direct tailoring of the size, composition, or number of layers belongs to the advantages of 3D printing employment in producing orodispersible films (ODFs) compared to the frequently utilized solvent casting method. This study aimed to produce porous ODFs as a substrate for medicated ink deposited by a 2D printer. The innovative semi-solid extrusion 3D printing method was employed to produce multilayered ODFs, where the bottom layer assures the mechanical properties. In contrast, the top layer provides a porous structure for ink entrapment. Hydroxypropyl methylcellulose and polyvinyl alcohol were utilized as film-forming polymers, glycerol as a plasticizer, and sodium starch glycolate as a disintegrant in the bottom matrix. Several porogen agents (Aeroperl® 300, Fujisil®, Syloid® 244 FP, Syloid® XDP 3050, Neusilin® S2, Neusilin® US2, and Neusilin® UFL2) acted as porosity enhancers in the two types of top layer. ODFs with satisfactory disintegration time were prepared. The correlation between the porogen content and the mechanical properties was proved. A porous ODF structure was detected in most samples and linked to the porogen content. SSE 3D printing represents a promising preparation method for the production of porous ODFs as substrates for subsequent drug deposition by 2D printing, avoiding the difficulties arising in casting or printing medicated ODFs directly.
Place Mechanisms of Auditory Frequency Analysis

One of the central problems in auditory theory is to reconcile (a) the acute perception of slight changes in pitch displayed by the human listener with (b) the broad tuning of his cochlear analyzing mechanism. This paper attempts to describe and to relate a number of theoretical solutions to that problem. The hypotheses involve mechanisms, both mechanical and neural, for sharpening the analysis inherent in the cochlear transformation from frequency of stimulation to locus of vibration. These mechanisms operate in the domain of place—they are place theories that supplement the classical place theory. In a future paper, we plan to describe and discuss other sharpening mechanisms that operate in the domain of time.
Summary of tracking and identification methods

Over the last two decades, many solutions have arisen to combine target tracking estimation with classification methods. Target tracking includes developments from linear to non-linear and Gaussian to non-Gaussian processing. Pattern recognition includes detection, classification, recognition, and identification methods. Integrating tracking and pattern recognition has resulted in numerous approaches and this paper seeks to organize the various approaches. We discuss the terminology so as to have a common framework for various standards such as the NATO STANAG 4162 - Identification Data Combining Process. In a use case, we provide a comparative example highlighting that location information (as an example) with additional mission objectives from geographical, human, social, cultural, and behavioral modeling is needed to determine identification as classification alone does not allow determining identification or intent.
Electron-Positron Pair Equilibria in Relativistic Plasmas

The physical properties of a thermal plasma of size R in the temperature range theta (equivalentkT/mc/sup 2/, where m is the electron mass) = 1/3--100 are studied assuming pair equilibrium and thermal balance. The radiation field is obtained by multiplying the spectral emissivities by the photon escape time. The effect of scattering is approximately allowed for by treating them as coherent. All important pair and photon producing processes in a plasma with a Thomson scattering optical depth tau/sub T/ of order unity or less are included. The spectral emissivities and the cooling rates for bremsstrahlung and pair annihilation are discussed. The photon-photon, photon-particle, and particle-particle pair production rates, and the pair annihilation rate as well as the opacities are calculated. Simple approximate expressions are given for several rates.
Local Parameter Estimation and Unsupervised Segmentation of Sar Images

1. Abstract Our work deals with the unsupervised statistical segmentation of SAR images. However the method here developped is a general parameter estimation technique and can be used for most types of images. We adopt a contextual method in which each pixel is classified from the measurements taken in its neighborhood. In this approach the previous statistical problem is the estimation of components of a distribution mixture. We showed in some previous studies that the SEM is well adapted to the problem in this frame, when stationary random fields are considered. In this paper we present a new distribution mixture estimator in which priors can depend on the position of the considered pixel. This makes it valid in the non-stationary case. We describe some situations, based on synthetic images sampled by stationary or non stationary random fields, in which the contextual method based on parameters estimated by our algorithm is more efficient than the same method based on parameters estimated by the SEM algorithm.
The minimum energy decay rate in quasi-isotropic grid turbulence

We consider high Reynolds number, freely-decaying, isotropic turbulence in which the large scales evolve in a self-similar manner when normalized by the integral scales, u and l. As it is well known, a range of possible behaviors may be observed depending on the form of the longitudinal velocity correlation at large separation, u2f∞=u2f(r→∞). We consider the cases u2f∞=cmr-m,2≤m≤6, whose spectral counterpart is E(k→0)~cmkm-1 for m<6, with or without a lnk correction, and E(k→0)~Ik4 for m=6. (I is Loitsyansky’s integral.) It has long been known that the cm are invariants for m<6, which demands u2lm=constant during the decay. This, in turn, sets the energy decay rate as u2~t-(1-p)2m/(m+2), where p is the power-law exponent for the normalized dissipation rate, ɛl/ɛlu3u3~t-p, observed empirically to be a small positive number in grid turbulence. We systematically explore the properties of these different classes of turbulence and arrive at the following conclusions. (i) The invariance of cm is a direct conseq.
Socioeconomic Status and Domostic Violence Interact in Perdict of Quality of Life in Married Women: A Population-Based Study in Westeren Iran

Objective: Women’s quality of life is essential both for women’s and their family’s health. The aim of this study was to examine the quality of life status and interaction of subjective socioeconomic status and violence, on quality of life of married women in west of Iran. Materials and methods: This was a cross-sectional study that recruited 1533 married women using multi-stages sampling method. Multiple linear regression was employed for estimating adjusted association and 95% confidence intervals. Results: The mean (SD) age of the participants was 33.67(11). The majority of participants (92%) experienced some degree of domestic violence. Less than half of women (46.70%) perceived medium socioeconomic status. Mean (SD) score of quality of life was 3.57 (0.94). There was a significant statistical interaction between socioeconomic status and domestic violence on quality of life. Conclusion: These findings suggest that considering the interaction of subjective socioeconomic status with domestic violence in prevention program, especially in poor categories of family, appears to be one of the important ways in improving married-females’ quality of life.
GMM Estimation of Short Dynamic Panel Data Models with Interactive Fixed Effects

In this paper, we propose GMM estimators for short dynamic panel data models with interactive fixed effects. Moment conditions are obtained for the model where the projection method is applied to remove the correlation between regressors and interactive fixed effects. Monte Carlo simulation shows that the proposed GMM estimators perform reasonably well in finite sample.
Specific cannabinoids revive adaptive immunity by reversing immune evasion mechanisms in metastatic tumours

Emerging cancers are sculpted by neo-Darwinian selection for superior growth and survival but minimal immunogenicity; consequently, metastatic cancers often evolve common genetic and epigenetic signatures to elude immune surveillance. Immune subversion by metastatic tumours can be achieved through several mechanisms; one of the most frequently observed involves the loss of expression or mutation of genes composing the MHC-I antigen presentation machinery (APM) that yields tumours invisible to Cytotoxic T lymphocytes, the key component of the adaptive cellular immune response. Fascinating ethnographic and experimental findings indicate that cannabinoids inhibit the growth and progression of several categories of cancer; however, the mechanisms underlying these observations remain clouded in uncertainty. Here, we screened a library of cannabinoid compounds and found molecular selectivity amongst specific cannabinoids, where related molecules such as Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinol, cannabidiol, and cannabigerol can reverse the metastatic immune escape phenotype in vitro by inducing MHC-I cell surface expression in a wide variety of metastatic tumours that subsequently sensitizing tumours to T lymphocyte recognition. Remarkably, H3K27Ac ChIPseq analysis established that cannabigerol and gamma interferon induce overlapping epigenetic signatures and key gene pathways in metastatic tumours related to cellular senescence, as well as APM genes involved in revealing metastatic tumours to the adaptive immune response. Overall, the data suggest that specific cannabinoids may have utility in cancer immunotherapy regimens by overcoming immune escape and augmenting cancer immune surveillance in metastatic disease. Finally, the fundamental discovery of the ability of cannabinoids to alter epigenetic programs may help elucidate many of the pleiotropic medicinal effects of cannabinoids on human physiology.
Tunable Hybrid Plasmonic Semiconductor Laser Based on Loss Perturbation

We propose a tunable plasmonic semiconductor laser that exploits loss perturbation as a tuning mechanism. A metal oxide semiconductor (MOS) capacitive structure is added on top of an edge-emitting Fabry-Perot (FP) diode laser, such that a hybrid plasmonic TM mode that overlaps partly with the MOS capacitor and the semiconductor gain region is supported as the lasing mode. We also propose the use of a layer of conductive oxide, e.g., indium tin oxide (ITO), as the semiconductor of the MOS structure, because the epsilon near zero (ENZ) condition can be attained therein under accumulation, thereby producing a very large change in the effective index of the hybrid plasmonic TM mode. The change in the imaginary part of the effective index is used to tune the lasing wavelength - exploiting loss perturbation to achieve laser tuning is paradigm-shifting. The laser proposed operates at telecom wavelengths, requiring an electrical forward bias to pump the active layer, and a gate voltage to drive the MOS tuning capacitor. Simulations yield a tuning range of over 7 nm in the O-band for a $100 \mu \text{m}$ long FP laser cavity.
Thermal impedance at the interface of contacting bodies: 1-D examples solved by semi-derivatives

Simple 1-D semi-infinite heat conduction problems enable to demonstrate the potential of the fractional calculus in determination of transient thermal impedances of two bodies with different initial temperatures contacting at the interface (x = 0) at t = 0. The approach is purely analytic and uses only semi-derivatives (half-time) and semi-integrals in the Riemann-Liouville sense. The example solved clearly reveals that the fractional calculus is more effective in calculation the thermal resistances than the entire domain solutions.
Plant and controller reduction problems for closed-loop performance

Model-reduction problems which consider preserving closed-loop performance (H/sub 2/, H/sup infinity /, and mu ) in the presence of reduction error are developed. These are formulated as weighted multiplicative error problems (for plant reduction) and weighted additive error problems (for controller reduction), with the weight function incorporating explicitly such control information as the desired sensitivity operator bound, the setpoint/disturbance spectrum, and the process uncertainties. These problems are efficiently solved using the frequency-weighted balanced realization technique. The methodology presented applies to linear, time-invariant multivariable plants. The benefits of these reduction problems are illustrated with examples taken from the control of a binary distillation column. <<ETX>>
Parabolic Induction Via Hecke Algebras and the Zelevinsky Duality Conjecture

This paper describes parabolic induction, for smooth representations of finite length of the general linear group GL(N, F) of a non‐archimedean local field F, in terms of a functor between categories of modules over certain affine Hecke algebras, using the categorical equivalences developed in the Bushnell‐Kutzko classification of the admissible dual of GL(N, F). This result is used to prove that the Zelevinsky automorphism, which is an involutive automorphism on the representation ring of the category of smooth representations of finite length of GL(N, F), preserves the irreducible representations. The result also implies a simplification of the study of multiplicities of composition factors of induced representations. 1991 Mathematics Subject Classification: 11S37, 22E50.
Improved resonance characteristics of GaAs beam resonators by epitaxially induced strain

Micromechanical-beam resonators were fabricated using a strained GaAs film grown on relaxed In0.1Ga0. 9As∕In0.1Al0. 9As buffer layers. The natural frequency of the fundamental mode was increased 2.5–4 times by applying tensile strain, showing good agreement with the model calculation assuming strain of 0.35% along the beam. In addition, the Q factor of 19 000 was obtained for the best sample, which is one order of magnitude higher than that for the unstrained resonator. This technique can be widely applied for improving the performance of resonator-based micro-/nanoelectromechanical devices.
Wireless Network Analysis and Optimization Based on the Social Media Data

With the development of 5G, the number of mobile communication users is growing rapidly. The requirements for network communication quality are becoming increasingly high. Then the demand for wire less network optimization, especially based on social media data, rises at a super-linear rate. This paper aims to improve the performance of wireless network quality. To do this, we first collect social media data (Twitter). Clustering algorithms are one kind of machine learning (ML). We then apply two established clustering methods: K-means and Density-Based Spatial Clustering of Applications with Noise (DBSCAN) to achieve data classifier. Furthermore, we discuss the clustering results of these two algorithms and the deployment of base stations using it. Finally, the results show that it is helpful for operators to design the coverage of wireless network.
New figure of merit for transparent conductors

A figure of merit for transparent electrode materials has been defined by φTC=T10/Rs, where T is the optical transmission and Rs is the electrical sheet resistance. Expressions are derived to predict the transparent electrode properties of a material from its fundamental electrical and optical constants. The performance of thin metal films is compared to semiconducting oxide coatings.
Bitumen binders modified with chemically-crosslinked chitosan

Nowadays, the observed trend in road materials technology covers the study of environmentally-friendly modifiers. Therefore, the possibility of modifying bitumen with chitosan and its mixtures with epichlorohydrin was evaluated. The studies were carried out for four different percentages of biopolymer (1.0%, 2.5%, 4.0% and 5.5%) and two percentages (1% and 2%) of crosslinking agents and included the assessment of their influence on the basic binder properties, surface free energy parameters and chemical structure. The results indicate that the appropriately selected quantitative chitosan/epichlorohydrin ratio leads to their crosslinking inside the bitumen causing a softening effect. The study also shows the possible benefits of using biopolymer-modified binders in the production of asphalt mixtures by the enhancement of surface-free energy parameters and reduction of the dynamic viscosity. Chitosan is an environmentally-friendly biodegradable biopolymer, and its chemical crosslinking has a positive effect on the properties of modified bitumen.
Segmental myocardial viability by echocardiography at rest

Abstract Background Myocardial viability assessment adds value to the therapeutic decision-making of patients with ischemic heart disease. In this feasibility study, we investigated whether established echocardiographic measurements of post-systolic shortening (PSS), strain, strain rate and wall motion score (WMS) can discover viable myocardial segments. Our hypothesis is that non-viable myocardial segments are both akinetic and without PSS. Methods The study population consisted of 26 examinations strictly selected by visible dysfunction. We assessed WMS, strain by speckle tracking and strain rate by tissue Doppler. The segments (16*26 = 416) were categorized into either normokinetic/hypokinetic or akinetic/dyskinetic and whether there was PSS. The reference method was the presence of scar with segmental percentage volume scar fraction >50%, detected by late gadolinium-enhanced cardiovascular magnetic resonance. Agreement with echocardiography was evaluated by Kappa coefficient. Results WMS had Kappa coefficient 0.43 (sensitivity 99%, specificity 35%). Kappa coefficient of strain was 0.28 (sensitivity 98%, specificity 23%). By combining PSS in akinetic segments with WMS and strain, the Kappa coefficient was 0.06 and 0.08 respectively. Conclusion Segmental viability was best shown by the presence of systolic function. Post-systolic shortening adds no value to the assessment of segmental myocardial viability.
Efficient computation of generalized scattering matrix for analyzing multilayered periodic structures

An efficient technique is proposed for the computation of the generalized scattering matrix (GSM) of a dielectric interface with periodic metallizations. The technique is based on a spectral domain moment method, but assuming multiple incident Floquet-harmonics and computing the GSM directly. Also, some symmetry properties are exploited, and the whole GSM is computed with similar computer effort as that required for a single scattering coefficient. The technique has been applied to the analysis of periodic surfaces involving rectangular and arbitrarily-shaped metallizations using entire- and sub-domain basis functions, respectively. Losses in both dielectric layers and metallizations have been included in the formulation. Multilayered periodic structures are analyzed in a very flexible and efficient way by cascading iteratively the GSM of each interface with or without metallizations considered as building blocks. Numerical results have been provided for different multilayered structures, and a good agreement with other experimental and theoretical data has been obtained. The proposed technique is very appropriate for the analysis of composite structures when the separation between interfaces is small, and therefore higher-order Floquet-harmonic interaction cannot be neglected. >
Sepsis-Induced Coagulopathy Phenotype Induced by Oxidized High-Density Lipoprotein Associated with Increased Mortality in Septic-Shock Patients

Sepsis syndrome is a highly lethal uncontrolled response to an infection, which is characterized by sepsis-induced coagulopathy (SIC). High-density lipoprotein (HDL) exhibits antithrombotic activity, regulating coagulation in vascular endothelial cells. Sepsis induces the release of several proinflammatory molecules, including reactive oxygen species, which lead to an increase in oxidative stress in blood vessels. Thus, circulating lipoproteins, such as HDL, are oxidized to oxHDL, which promotes hemostatic dysfunction, acquiring prothrombotic properties linked to the severity of organ failure in septic-shock patients (SSP). However, a rigorous and comprehensive investigation demonstrating that oxHDL is associated with a coagulopathy-associated deleterious outcome of SSP, has not been reported. Thus, we investigated the participation of plasma oxHDL in coagulopathy-associated sepsis pathogenesis and elucidated the underlying molecular mechanism. A prospective study was conducted on 42 patients admitted to intensive care units, (26 SSP and 16 non-SSP) and 39 healthy volunteers. We found that an increased plasma oxHDL level in SSP was associated with a prothrombotic phenotype, increased mortality and elevated risk of death, which predicts mortality in SSP. The underlying mechanism indicates that oxHDL triggers an endothelial protein expression reprogramming of coagulation factors and procoagulant adhesion proteins, to produce a prothrombotic environment, mainly mediated by the endothelial LOX-1 receptor. Our study demonstrates that an increased plasma oxHDL level is associated with coagulopathy in SSP through a mechanism involving the endothelial LOX-1 receptor and endothelial protein expression regulation. Therefore, the plasma oxHDL level plays a role in the molecular mechanism associated with increased mortality in SSP.
Optical Determination of Dielectric Constant in Black Phosphorus

Three components of dielectric constant along three principal crystal axes in black phosphorus are determined for the first time. Two of them are obtained from far-infrared interference spectra for thin cleaved samples. The remaining one is determined by analyzing far-infrared absorption peaks observed in p-type sample at 1.4 K, which are ascribed to optical transitions from the acceptor ground state to its excited states.
Low current resistive switching in Cu–SiO2 cells

Resistive switching in Ir∕SiO2∕Cu memory cells was investigated. The proposed switching mechanism is the formation and dissolution of a Cu filament. Under positive bias, Cu cations migrate through SiO2 and are reduced at the counterelectrode forming a filament. The filament is dissolved under reverse bias. The write current can be reduced down to 10pA which is four orders of magnitude below published values and shows the potential of extremely low power-consuming memory cells. Furthermore, a comparison of the charge flow in the high resistance state and the energy for writing is given for write currents between 25pA and 10nA.