Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Oxygen consumption during pranayamic type of very slow-rate breathing.

To determine whether the yogic Ujjayi pranayamic type of breathing that involves sensory awareness and consciously controlled, extremely slow-rate breathing including at least a period of end-inspiration breath holding in each respiratory cycle would alter oxygen consumption or not, ten males with long standing experience in pranayama, and volunteering to participate in the laboratory study were assessed. These subjects aged 28-59 yr, had normal health appropriate to their age. Since kumbhak (timed breath holding) is considered as an important phase of the respiratory cycle in the pranayama, they were categorised into two groups of five each, one group practising the short kumbhak varieties of pranayama, and the other the long kumbhak varieties of pranayama. The duration of kumbhak phase was on an average 22.2 percent of the respiratory cycle in the short kumbhak group, and 50.4 per cent in the long kumbhak group. The oxygen consumption was measured in test sessions using the closed circuit method of breathing oxygen through the Benedict-Roth spirometer. Each subject was tested in several repeat sessions. Values of oxygen consumption of the period of pranayamic breathing, and of post-pranayamic breathing period, were compared to control value of oxygen consumption of the prepranayamic breathing period of each test session. The results revealed that the short kumbhak pranayamic breathing caused a statistically significant increase (52%) in the oxygen consumption (and metabolic rate) compared to the pre-pranayamic base-line period of breathing. In contrast to the above, the long kumbhak pranayamic breathing caused a statistically significant lowering (19% of the oxygen consumption (and metabolic rate). (ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Efficient Node Cooperation and Security in MANET using Closeness Technique

— By description, a mobile ad hoc network does not stay on any permanent infrastructure; in its place, all networking utilities (e.g., routing, mobility management, etc.) are accessed by the nodes themselves in a self-organizing manner. On the other hand, it is rigid to support cooperativeness among the nodes for their own restricted resources that require to be conserved. These scrupulous nodes which are also termed as selfish nodes decline to help other nodes in forwarding packets owing to the anxiety of having resource. Several researches design a new method that aims at attaining confidentiality of the location for an efficient communication . Thus, privacy appears from the mobile network and users gain control over the disclosure of their locations. In this work, we propose closeness mechanism accepted from the assumption of small-world event or also termed as degrees of separation to persuade cooperativeness among nodes in a trusted node’s community. This paper also provides some general idea on how to develop security on the trusted MANET community by adapting security features of trust. The simulation of the proposed Efficient Node Cooperation and Security [ENCS] in MANET work is done for varying topology, node size, attack type and intensity with different pause time settings and the performance evaluations are carried over in terms of node cooperativeness, clustering efficiency, communication overhead and compared with an existing secured key model.
Toward a Concept and Theory of Organization-Public Relationships

This article explores the concept of relationships in the theory and practice of public relations. Even though the public relations function builds and maintains organizations' relationships with publics, we found few definitions of such relationships in public relations literature. We also found the same paucity of useful definitions in the literature of other fields in which the concept of relationships is central. We concluded that the absence of a fully explicated definition precludes the development of valid operational measures of organization-public relationships and limits theory building in public relations. Without such definition, both scholars and practitioners will continue to use indirect measures to draw inferences about relationships without measuring the relationships themselves. We suggest a concept of relationships with measurable properties distinct from their antecedents and consequences and independent of the parties intherelationships. We also posit a theoretical model for constmcti.
CAT - caching address tags - a technique for reducing area cost of on-chip caches

This paper presents a technique for minimizing chip-area cost of implementing an on-chip cache memory of microprocessors. The main idea of the technique is Caching Address Tags, or CAT cache for short. The CAT cache exploits locality property that exists among addresses of memory references for the purpose of minimizing chip area-cost of address tags. By keeping only a limited number of distinct tags of cached data rather than having as many tags as cache lines, the CAT cache can reduce the cost of implementing tag memory by an order of magnitude without noticeable performance difference from ordinary caches. Therefore, CAT represents another level of caching for cache memories. Simulation experiments are carried out to evaluate performance of CAT cache as compared to existing caches. Performance results of SPEC92 programs show that the CAT cache with only a few tag entries performs as well as ordinary caches while chip-area saving is significant. Such area saving will increase as the address space of a processor increases. By allocating the saved chip area for larger cache capacity, or more powerful functional units, CAT is expected to have a great impact on overall system performance.
Transport of vitamin A across blood‐tissue barriers is facilitated by STRA6

Vitamin A bound to retinol binding protein 4 (RBP4) constitutes the major transport mode for retinoids in fasting circulation. Emerging evidence suggests that membrane protein, STRA6 (stimulated by retinoic acid 6), is the RBP4 receptor and vitamin A channel; however, the role of STRA6 in vitamin A homeostasis remains to be defined in vivo. We subjected Stra6‐knockout mice to diets sufficient and insufficient for vitamin A and used heterozygous siblings as controls. We determined vitamin A levels of the eyes, brain, and testis, which highly express Stra6, as well as of tissues with low expression, such as lung and fat. We also studied the consequence of STRA6 deficiency on retinoid‐dependent processes in tissues. Furthermore, we examined how STRA6 deficiency affected retinoid homeostasis of the aging mouse. The picture that emerged indicates a critical role for STRA6 in the transport of vitamin A across blood‐tissue barriers in the eyes, brain, and testis. Concurrently, fat and lung rely on dietary vitamin A. In testis and brain, Stra6 expression was regulated by vitamin A. In controls, this regulation reduced vitamin A consumption when the dietary supply was limited, sequestering it for the eye. Thus, STRA6 is critical for vitamin A homeostasis and the adaption of this process to the fluctuating supply of the vitamin. —Kelly, M. , Widjaja‐Adhi, M. A. K. , Palczewski, G. , von Lintig, J. Transport of vitamin A across blood‐tissue barriers is facilitated by STRA6. FASEB J. 30, 2985‐2995 (2016). www.fasebj. org
Protein Trafficking to Apical Organelles of Malaria Parasites – Building an Invasion Machine

Malaria is caused by four species of apicomplexan protozoa belonging to the genus Plasmodium. These parasites possess a specialized collection of secretory organelles called rhoptries, micronemes and dense granules (DGs) that in part facilitate invasion of host cells. The mechanism by which the parasite traffics proteins to these organelles as well as regulates their secretion has important implications for understanding the invasion process and may lead to development of novel intervention strategies. In this review, we focus on emerging data about trafficking signals, mechanisms of biogenesis and secretion. At least some of these are conserved in higher eukaryotes, suggesting that rhoptries, micronemes and DGs are related to organelles such as secretory lysosomes that are well known to mainstream cell biologists.
Interference across Multi-hop Wireless Chains

Chains or multi-hop paths are the fundamental communication structure in Multi-Hop Wireless Networks. Understanding chain behavior is critical in order to build effective higher layer protocols. This paper examines the problem of how MAC level interactions influence chain behavior in a general multi-hop wireless network where multiple chains coexist. We first classify chains based on the MAC interactions observed between its hops when there is no external traffic. Then we identify the interactions across two interfering chains for the most common categories of chains. We study the probability of occurrence, and estimate the effect of MAC interactions on the performance of the chains. We also show that different chains exhibit different transmission patterns; this is an effect that is necessary for accurately estimating chain performance. We observe that destructive interactions arise more frequently among two interfering chains than they do within a single chain. Moreover, chains that have hidden terminals due to self-interference are more prone to have cross-chain hidden terminals. Thus, both intra-chain as well as cross-chain interactions, ultimately provide significant insight into how chains interact.
Tourist Destination Choice: Motivational Factors Among Social Science Students' Associations At

Understanding relationships between future behavioral intentions and its antecedents allow tourism operators to manipulate their tourism product offers to optimize customer satisfaction, and improve marketing efforts. Um and Crompton‟s (1990) model of travel destination choice process was adopted as a conceptual framework to assess the various motivational factors influencing destination choices of student associations within the Faculty of Social Sciences at KNUST. The study revealed price and distance as important factors motivating destination choice among student groups.
Dissertation : Enabling Realistic and Practical File-System Benchmarking

My research interests broadly lie in operating systems and d istributed systems. My doctoral research focuses on file and storage systems, with an emphasis on novel technique s for practical and realistic benchmarking of applications and file systems. As part of my dissertation I address the prob lem of creating realistic file-system state and synthetic workloads for benchmarking. I develop techniques and build systems that provide substantial improvements in the state of the art in conducting experimental file and storage s ystems research. During graduate school, I have also worked on a number of other systems topics including solid st ate drives (SSDs), reliability issues in the storage stack, and distributed storage clusters. In this document, I first d iscuss tangible contributions of my research. I then discus my thesis research, other research topics on which I have wor ked, and finally describe my future research agenda.
Correlation of HIV-1 Detection and Histology in AIDS-Associated Emphysema

HIV-seropositive individuals are at an increased risk for an accelerated form of emphysema. The purpose of this study was to determine the distribution of HIV-1 RNA in lung tissues and correlate this with the histologic findings and expression of matrix metalloproteases (MMPs). Reverse transcriptase (RT) in situ PCR analysis was performed on 11 AIDS lung autopsy specimens which showed varying degrees of emphysematous changes. In each lung, HIV-1 RNA was detected. In areas of histologically normal lung, very rare HIV-1-infected cells were evident. In contrast, many HIV-1-infected cells were noted in areas of emphysema. HIV-1 gag RNA was evident primarily in macrophages; infected pneumocytes were also seen. Similarly, MMP mRNA and protein, primarily MMP-9, localized to the areas of emphysema. Colabeling experiments documented that MMP expression was found primarily in cells that were HIV-1 negative and adjacent to HIV-1-infected macrophages. These results suggest that AIDS-related emphysema may be due, in part, to direct infection by HIV-1 of, primarily, alveolar macrophages, and concomitant up-regulation of MMP expression in the neighboring, noninfected cells.
On the performance of joint channel estimation and PAPR reduction scheme

In this paper, we address the performance of joint Peak-to-Average Power Ratio (PAPR) reduction and channel estimation schemes. The target of this work is multifold. First, we propose a novel PAPR reduction scheme for Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (OFDM) systems: instead of using dedicated pilots for PAPR reduction as with Tone Reservation (TR) method existing in the literature, we propose to use the reserved channel estimation pilots. In this way, we avoid the use of reserved tones and we improve the spectral efficiency. Second, in order to allow their recovery at the receiver, we investigate a multiplicative law to be applied on the transmitted pilots. This law will permit a blind detection at the receiver and avoid sending side information. Third, using the new DVB-T2 standard parameters, the performance of the proposed technique is analyzed and compared with other techniques. We show that the proposed technique is efficient in terms of PAPR reduction value and of spectral efficiency while the channel estimation performance is maintained.
The new good: exploring the potential of philosophy of technology to contribute to human-computer interaction

As a result of the increased interest in issues such as engagement, affection, and meaning, contemporary human-computer interaction (HCI) has increasingly come to examine the nature of interactions between artifacts, humans, and environments through concepts such as user experience and meaning. In the transition from usability metrics to user experience, what appears lacking is a more explicit characterization of what it is HCI now strives for as a discipline--i.e. what constitutes a 'good' user experience? Through a detailed look at two contemporary philosophies of technology--Albert Borgmann's notion of the device paradigm and Don Ihde's non-neutrality of technology-mediated experience--this paper seeks to explore the potential of the philosophy of technology to contribute new insights and provide well-grounded conceptual tools for coming to terms with what may become HCI's 'new good'.
Dens invaginatus: a cone beam computed tomography case report

One of the most common dental anomalies is dens invaginatus. As the name indicates, it is an invagination of the coronary or root surface, bounded by enamel, which can be so profound as to simulate the appearance of a tooth inside another. Usually occurs in permanent maxillary lateral incisors, followed by maxillary central incisors, premolars, canines and less frequently molars. In this article we will describe the cone beam computed tomography features of a type III dens invaginatus. Descriptors: Dens in dente; Cone-beam computed tomography; Tooth abnormalities
Contesting Property Development in Coastal New Zealand: A Case Study of Ocean Beach, Hawke's Bay

This article considers the contested process of coastal development in New Zealand and the implications of both governmental regulation and public concern for understanding property. Its empirical focus is a proposal for a substantial, new urbanist development at Ocean Beach, located in the Hawke's Bay region of the North Island. Three key sources of data inform the research: published reports; public submissions to council; and interviews with a sample of those involved in the planning process. Opposition to development is explained in terms of three broad areas of concern: the dramatic physical and social changes that would accompany subdivision and construction; fears of a loss of control over a valued local landscape; and a morally informed sense of propriety. The article finds that the ownership model of property is not especially powerful at Ocean Beach; rather, there is a broad consensus that private property rights exist within a public planning framework. It is this framework that contributes, in large part, to ensuring that voices of community opposition to property development at Ocean Beach (and elsewhere along the coast) are heard. Nevertheless, private property rights are rarely dismissed completely. Copyright (c) 2009 The Author. Journal Compilation(c) 2009 Joint Editors and Blackwell Publishing Ltd.
Change in Bacterial Community Structure during In Situ Biostimulation of Subsurface Sediment Cocontaminated with Uranium and Nitrate

ABSTRACT Previous studies have demonstrated that metal-reducing microorganisms can effectively promote the precipitation and removal of uranium from contaminated groundwater. Microbial communities were stimulated in the acidic subsurface by pH neutralization and addition of an electron donor to wells. In single-well push-pull tests at a number of treated sites, nitrate, Fe(III), and uranium were extensively reduced and electron donors (glucose, ethanol) were consumed. Examination of sediment chemistry in cores sampled immediately adjacent to treated wells 3.5 months after treatment revealed that sediment pH increased substantially (by 1 to 2 pH units) while nitrate was largely depleted. A large diversity of 16S rRNA gene sequences were retrieved from subsurface sediments, including species from the α, β, δ, and γ subdivisions of the class Proteobacteria, as well as low- and high-G+C gram-positive species. Following in situ biostimulation of microbial communities within contaminated sediments, sequences related to previously cultured metal-reducing δ-Proteobacteria increased from 5% to nearly 40% of the clone libraries. Quantitative PCR revealed that Geobacter-type 16S rRNA gene sequences increased in biostimulated sediments by 1 to 2 orders of magnitude at two of the four sites tested. Evidence from the quantitative PCR analysis corroborated information obtained from 16S rRNA gene clone libraries, indicating that members of the δ-Proteobacteria subdivision, including Anaeromyxobacter dehalogenans-related and Geobacter-related sequences, are important metal-reducing organisms in acidic subsurface sediments. This study provides the first cultivation-independent analysis of the change in metal-reducing microbial communities in subsurface sediments during an in situ bioremediation experiment.
The Genesis of Chua's circuit

Following a non-technical personal reminiscence of the author's conception of Chua's circuit, this paper presents the systematic sequence of technical steps which the author used to design his chaotic circuit. The design procedure. though straightforward in nature. could not have been concocted without a working knowledge of several crucial properties of nonlinear circuits and their physical realizations. Die Entstehung der Chua-Schaltung
Mutismus und Aphasie - eine Literaturübersicht

Mutism in the sense of a complete inability to produce oral language is a rare symptom in aphasic disorders and most often occurs as a transient initial sign. Among the pathomechanisms causing muteness in aphasia, disturbances of speech initiation and of limbic aspects of speech production on the one hand and speech motor programming impairments on the other are considered. This article reviews clinical reports of extremely reduced speech or complete muteness in the context of aphasia, discussing the observed symptom patterns as well as their neuroanatomic correlates and aspects of their recovery.
Extension of score function difference for frequency domain blind source separation

Recent theoretical developments in the field of blind source separation (BSS) introduced the score function difference (SFD) and showed its close relationship with the differential of the mutual information. These results are of great interest for developing BSS methods since the mutual information can be seen as the canonical cost function for BSS. However these results were only proposed in the real case. In this paper, we extend these results to the complex case and propose a frequency domain approach of BSS based on the complex equivalent of the SFD.
Saliency detection using two-stage scoring

In this paper, we propose a novel saliency detection approach, which is robust to images with complex background. In our algorithm, an intuitive and straightforward pre-treatment method is formulated for conducting over-segmentation adaptively. To detect saliency effectively, a two-stage scoring method is adopted, in which both background prior and foreground cues are considered. In the first stage, we conduct random walk on absorbing Markov chain with background prior. And in the second stage, we use the saliency scores computed by the first stage scoring as foreground cues for manifold ranking. Experimental results on publicly available datasets demonstrate that our method outperforms the state-of-the-art methods in detecting salient objects.
Significant Role for Microbial Autotrophy in the Sequestration of Soil Carbon

ABSTRACT Soils were incubated for 80 days in a continuously labeled 14CO2 atmosphere to measure the amount of labeled C incorporated into the microbial biomass. Microbial assimilation of 14C differed between soils and accounted for 0.12% to 0.59% of soil organic carbon (SOC). Assuming a terrestrial area of 1.4 × 108 km2, this represents a potential global sequestration of 0.6 to 4.9 Pg C year−1. Estimated global C sequestration rates suggest a “missing sink” for carbon of between 2 and 3 Pg C year−1. To determine whether 14CO2 incorporation was mediated by autotrophic microorganisms, the diversity and abundance of CO2-fixing bacteria and algae were investigated using clone library sequencing, terminal restriction fragment length polymorphism (T-RFLP), and quantitative PCR (qPCR) of the ribulose 1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase (RubisCO) gene (cbbL). Phylogenetic analysis showed that the dominant cbbL-containing bacteria were Azospirillum lipoferum, Rhodopseudomonas palustris, Bradyrhizobium japonicum, Ralstonia eutropha, and cbbL-containing chromophytic algae of the genera Xanthophyta and Bacillariophyta. Multivariate analyses of T-RFLP profiles revealed significant differences in cbbL-containing microbial communities between soils. Differences in cbbL gene diversity were shown to be correlated with differences in SOC content. Bacterial and algal cbbL gene abundances were between 106 and 108 and 103 to 105 copies g−1 soil, respectively. Bacterial cbbL abundance was shown to be positively correlated with RubisCO activity (r = 0.853; P < 0.05), and both cbbL abundance and RubisCO activity were significantly related to the synthesis rates of [14C]SOC (r = 0.967 and 0.946, respectively; P < 0.01). These data offer new insights into the importance of microbial autotrophy in terrestrial C cycling.