Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Atoms of segmental structure: components, gestures and dependency

In this article I discuss some aspects of a model of segmental structure, in particular the representation of vowels. The central claim is that vowels can be represented in terms of three unary primitives, organised in a binary structure involving both DOMINANCE and DEPENDENCY relations. My goal is to explore the consequences of this claim. Certain aspects of the proposal differ in matters of principle from the theory of segmental structure advanced in Chomsky & Halle (1968; henceforth SPE), and subsequent work in this tradition up to and including the ‘geometrical model’ as developed in Steriade (1982), Clements (1985), Sagey (1986), McCarthy (1988) and Halle (1988), even though it is argued in some of these works that certain features are unary, that they are organised hierarchically and that certain features enter into dependency relations.
Transcriptional Repression of E-Cadherin by Human Papillomavirus Type 16 E6

There is increasing evidence supporting DNA virus regulation of the cell adhesion and tumour suppressor protein, E-cadherin. We previously reported that loss of E-cadherin in human papillomavirus (HPV) type 16-infected epidermis is contributed to by the major viral proto-oncogene E6 and is associated with reduced Langerhans cells density, potentially regulating the immune response. The focus of this study is determining how the HPV16 E6 protein mediates E-cadherin repression. We found that the E-cadherin promoter is repressed in cells expressing E6, resulting in fewer E-cadherin transcripts. On exploring the mechanism for this, repression by increased histone deacetylase activity or by increased binding of trans-repressors to the E-cadherin promoter Epal element was discounted. In contrast, DNA methyltransferase (DNMT) activity was increased in E6 expressing cells. Upon inhibiting DNMT activity using 5-Aza-2′-deoxycytidine, E-cadherin transcription was restored in the presence of HPV16 E6. The E-cadherin promoter was not directly methylated, however a mutational analysis showed general promoter repression and reduced binding of the transactivators Sp1 and AML1 and the repressor Slug. Expression of E7 with E6 resulted in a further reduction in surface E-cadherin levels. This is the first report of HPV16 E6-mediated transcriptional repression of this adhesion molecule and tumour suppressor protein.
Genetic Research

The National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism (NIAAA) was founded 40 years ago to help elucidate the biological underpinnings of alcohol dependence, including the potential contribution of genetic factors. Twin, adoption, and family studies conclusively demonstrated that genetic factors account for 50 to 60 percent of the variance in risk for developing alcoholism. Case–control studies and linkage analyses have helped identify DNA variants that contribute to increased risk, and the NIAAA-sponsored Collaborative Studies on Genetics of Alcoholism (COGA) has the expressed goal of identifying contributing genes using state-of-the-art genetic technologies. These efforts have ascertained several genes that may contribute to an increased risk of alcoholism, including certain variants encoding alcohol-metabolizing enzymes and neurotransmitter receptors. Genome-wide association studies allowing the analysis of millions of genetic markers located throughout the genome will enable discovery of further candidate genes. In addition to these human studies, genetic animal models of alcohol’s effects and alcohol use have greatly advanced our understanding of the genetic basis of alcoholism, resulting in the identification of quantitative trait loci and allowing for targeted manipulation of candidate genes. Novel research approaches—for example, into epigenetic mechanisms of gene regulation—also are under way and undoubtedly will further clarify the genetic basis of alcoholism.
Overexpression of the Mitotic Checkpoint Genes BUB1 and BUBR1 is Associated with Genomic Complexity in Clear Cell Kidney Carcinomas

Background: A defective mitotic checkpoint has been proposed to contribute to chromosomal instability (CIN). We have previously shown that expression changes of the mitotic arrest deficiency (MAD) gene family plays a role in renal cell cancer (RCC) characterized by numerical chromosomal changes, namely papillary and chromophobe carcinomas, but nothing is known about the expression of mitotic checkpoint genes in the clear cell histotype (ccRCC). Methods: We analyzed the mRNA expression levels of the major mitotic checkpoint genes of the budding uninhibited by benzimidazole family (BUB1, BUBR1, BUB3) and of the MAD gene family (MAD1, MAD2L1, MAD2L2) by real-time quantitative PCR in 39 ccRCC and in 36 normal kidney tissue samples.We have additionally analyzed these tumors by comparative genomic hybridization (CGH) in order to evaluate the relationship between mitotic checkpoint defects and the pattern of chromosome changes in this subset of RCC. Results: BUB1, BUBR1, MAD1 and MAD2L1 showed significant expression differences in tumor tissue compared to controls (BUB1, BUBR1 and MAD2L1 were overexpressed, whereas MAD1 was underexpressed). Overexpression of BUB1 and BUBR1 was significantly correlated with the number of genomic copy number changes (p < 0.001 for both genes) and with Furhman grade of the tumors (p = 0.006 and p = 0.005, respectively). Conclusions: We conclude that BUB1 and BUBR1 overexpression plays a role in cytogenetic and morphologic progression of ccRCC.
The influence of the ram effect in 10 - 11 month old Merino ewes on their subsequent performance when introduced to rams again at 15 months of age.

An experiment was conducted to test the hypothesis that the response of 15 month-old ewes to the 'ram effect' in spring would be improved if they had been conditioned by exposure to rams for six weeks at an earlier age. In June, only 5% of l0-11 month-old Merino ewes were ovulating spontaneously. The introduction of 3% of harnessed testosterone primed wethers (TW) induced a further 7% of anovular ewes to ovulate within five days. The ovular ewes were heavier than their anovular flockmates (33.2 + 0.62 v 29.9 t 0.27, kg, x + S.E.M.; P < 0.01). Four months later, in October the ewes were 14-15 months old with an average live weight of 40 kg and 18% were ovulating spontaneously. Introduction of TW induced a further 30% of the anovular ewes to ovulate compared with 74% of seasonally anovular adult flockmates (P < 0.001). During the 45 joining period more young ewes with prior contact with TW were marked (38%, 77/204) than their flockmates with no prior contact (24%, 48/200; P < 0.01). However, more adult ewes (62%, 31/50; P < 0.001) were marked than young ewes.
Harshali Patil and Dr . Seema Purohit A Competitive Spectrum Sharing using A Game Theoretic Approach in Cognitive Radio Network

Cognitive Radio is a radio network has a capability to obtain knowledge of its environment autonomously and dynamically adjust to the operational parameter. It establishes the policies and learns from the results obtained. Radio spectrum is a limited resource in wireless network so efficient utilization of it; becomes an important issue. Resource allocation and sharing is one of the most challenging and important aspect of radio communication networks. We have considered the problem of spectrum sharing among a primary user and multiple secondary users, in this paper. This problem is formulated as an oligopoly market competition and use a Cournot game to obtain the spectrum allocation for secondary users. The static Cournot game formulation is used when all secondary users Nash equilibrium is used to can observe the adopted strategies and payoff of each other. The strategic selection of secondary user is solely depending on the pricing information obtained from primary user. Nash equilibrium is considered as a solution of this game
Hormone-Dependent Aging Problems in Women

One of the major social issues nowadays is the aging society. Korea is already an aging society, and 63 cities and districts are ultra-aged societies where the rate of people older than 65 yr exceeds 20%. Among them, more than 67% are women. These statistics reveal the importance of healthcare for older women. Disease and disability of older women are very closely related to the loss of female sex hormones after menopause. Major hormone-dependent aging problems in women such as osteoporosis, Alzheimer's disease (AD), urinary incontinence, and coronary atherosclerosis were surveyed in this review, and the key role of hormones in those diseases and hormone replacement therapy (HRT) were summarized. We expect that this review would provide some understanding of factors that must be considered to give optimal care to older women for healthy lives.
DP: A Library for Building Portable, Reliable Distributed Applications

DP is a library of process management and communication tools for writing portable, reliable distributed applications. It provides support for a flexible set of message operations as well as process creation and management. It has been successfully used in developing distributed Monte Carlo, disjunctive programming and integer goal programming codes.It differs from PVM and similar libraries in its support for lightweight, unreliable messages, as well as asynchronous delivery of interrupt-generating messages. In addition, DP supports the development of long-running distributed applications tolerant to the failure or loss of a subset of its processors.
Noncommutative residue invariants for CR and contact manifolds

Abstract In this paper we produce several new invariants for CR and contact manifolds by looking at the noncommutative residue traces of various geometric Ψ H DO projections. In the CR setting these operators arise from the -complex and include the Szegö projections acting on forms. In the contact setting they stem from the generalized Szegö projections at arbitrary integer levels of Epstein-Melrose and from the contact complex of Rumin. In particular, we recover and extend recent results of Hirachi and Boutet de Monvel and we answer a question of Fefferman.
Discrete Continuity of Information System, Knowledge System, and e-Business System

Since information systems are pervasive in the business and non-business areas, the issue of extending researches on information systems to knowledge systems and e-business systems is one of the most profitable topics of researches. We propose a historical, discontinuous changes introducing ambiguity in explaining and interpreting innovative nature of three paradigms of systems: information systems, knowledge systems, and e-business systems. Resorting to the historical perspective in developing ideas into meaningful themes, we proposed a discrete continuity in interpreting changes of paradigms of systems. Discrete continuity may be explained by ambiguously-shared meaningful perspectives applied to different paradigms of systems and interpretive elements of each system. The discrete continuity has been adopted to make ambiguity utilized may have instrumental contribution in researches. The engrafted ambiguity in systems design, development, and use could have enduring instrumental value in interpreting the types or variants of systems in each paradigm of systems.
Sudden cardiac death, genes, and arrhythmogenesis : consideration of new population and mechanistic approaches from a national heart, lung, and blood institute workshop, part I.

Malignant ventricular arrhythmias are the leading mechanism of death in patients with acute and chronic cardiac pathologies. The extent to which inherited mutations and polymorphic variation in genes determining arrhythmogenic mechanisms affect these patients remains unknown, but based on recent population studies, this risk appears significant, deserving much greater investigation. This report summarizes a National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute workshop that considered sources of genetic variation that may contribute to sudden cardiac death in common cardiac diseases. Evidence on arrhythmogenic mechanisms in recent population studies suggests a significant portion of the risk of sudden cardiac death in such broad populations may be unrelated to traditional risk factors for predisposing conditions such as atherosclerosis, hypertension, and diabetes and instead may involve unrecognized genetic and environmental interactions that influence arrhythmic susceptibility more directly. Additional population and genetic studies directed at discovering the sources of inherited molecular risk that are most directly linked to arrhythmia initiation and propagation, in addition to studies on previously well-described risk factors, would appear to have considerable potential for reducing premature cardiovascular mortality.
Localization of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha (PPARα) and N-acyl phosphatidylethanolamine phospholipase D (NAPE-PLD) in cells expressing the Ca2+-binding proteins calbindin, calretinin, and parvalbumin in the adult rat hippocampus

The N-acylethanolamines (NAEs), oleoylethanolamide (OEA) and palmithylethanolamide (PEA) are known to be endogenous ligands of PPARα receptors, and their presence requires the activation of a specific phospholipase D (NAPE-PLD) associated with intracellular Ca2+ fluxes. Thus, the identification of a specific population of NAPE-PLD/PPARα-containing neurons that express selective Ca2+-binding proteins (CaBPs) may provide a neuroanatomical basis to better understand the PPARα system in the brain. For this purpose, we used double-label immunofluorescence and confocal laser scanning microscopy for the characterization of the co-existence of NAPE-PLD/PPARα and the CaBPs calbindin D28k, calretinin and parvalbumin in the rat hippocampus. PPARα expression was specifically localized in the cell nucleus and, occasionally, in the cytoplasm of the principal cells (dentate granular and CA pyramidal cells) and some non-principal cells of the hippocampus. PPARα was expressed in the calbindin-containing cells of the granular cell layer of the dentate gyrus (DG) and the SP of CA1. These principal PPARα+/calbindin+ cells were closely surrounded by NAPE-PLD+ fiber varicosities. No pyramidal PPARα+/calbindin+ cells were detected in CA3. Most cells containing parvalbumin expressed both NAPE-PLD and PPARα in the principal layers of the DG and CA1/3. A small number of cells containing PPARα and calretinin was found along the hippocampus. Scattered NAPE-PLD+/calretinin+ cells were specifically detected in CA3. NAPE-PLD+ puncta surrounded the calretinin+ cells localized in the principal cells of the DG and CA1. The identification of the hippocampal subpopulations of NAPE-PLD/PPARα-containing neurons that express selective CaBPs should be considered when analyzing the role of NAEs/PPARα-signaling system in the regulation of hippocampal functions.
Quad tree based algorithm for building of network model from road layers of vector maps

Modeling of a graph corresponding to transport network from vector layers of a digital map is essential to carry out any sort of network analysis operations. In vector maps, feature objects in road layers are generally modeled as simple features which do not capture the connectivity information. This paper proposes a method for building a network/graph model from such road layers of a vector map. In this work a quad tree based algorithm for building of network is proposed, which offers a linear time complexity whereas the trivial method is quadratic in order of complexity.
Adaptive Noise Cancellation Based on Neural Network

There are many noise cancellation applications which require utilization of adaptive filters. An adaptive noise canceller adaptively filters a noise reference input to maximally match and subtract out noise or interference from the primary (signal plus noise) input. In this work we use a simple neural network called Adaline as adaptive filter. Our experiments are based on engine noise cancellation in cars
Developing Software Architecture Comparison Analysis Method for Critical Socio-Technical Systems

Summary Software Architecture Comparison Analysis Methods provide organizations with a rationale for an architecture selection process by comparing the fitness of software architecture candidates for required systems. Comparing software architectures for any nontrivial system is a difficult task. Software architectures are designed with particular requirements and constraints, and are often poorly documented. With the lack of data about software architecture, developing comparison methods based on a black box approach is considered very helpful, and architectures can be compared based on a set of criteria derived from the business goals of an organization. A popular method for comparing software architectures as black box is the Software Architecture Comparison Analysis Method (SACAM) developed by the Software Engineering Institute (SEI). SACAM compares the architectures of software systems and not the implementation code. SACAM does not address enterprise architecture issues such as implemented software evolution and maintenance. This paper discusses and presents a proposed adaptation of SACAM to be applied in the context of critical socio-technical systems where issues of architecture evolution and maintenance are considered important factors in selecting a strategy to software modernization. The proposed method is called software Architecture Comparison Analysis Method for Critical Systems (SACAM-CS). SACAM-CS is an architecture selection method based on multi-criteria decision analysis. The proposed method has been validated using a suitable case study to compare among two check-in systems used in international airports.
Anti-Enterovirus 71 Effects of Chrysin and Its Phosphate Ester

Enterovirus 71 (EV71) can cause severe disease and even lead to death in children, and an effective antiviral drug is currently unavailable. The anti-EV71 effect of chrysin (5,7-dihydroxyflavone), a natural flavonoid commonly found in many plants, was tested in this report. By using the predicting program Autodock 4.0 and an in vitro protease inhibition assay, we found that chrysin could suppress viral 3Cpro activity. Replication of viral RNA and production of viral capsid protein and the infectious virion were strongly inhibited by chrysin, without noticeable cytotoxicity. Cytopathic effects on cells were also prevented. Diisopropyl chrysin-7-yl phosphate (CPI), the phosphate ester for chrysin, was generated through a simplified Atheron-Todd reaction to achieve stronger anti-viral activity. CPI was also able to bind with and inhibit viral 3Cpro activity in vitro. As expected, CPI demonstrated more potent antiviral activity against EV71.
A Method for Polyhedron Object Rapid Prototyping Based on Its Digital Images

Rapid prototyping (RP) plays an important part in reverse engineering. This paper presents a method for polyhedron object rapid prototyping with the theory of image-based modeling. The method for camera calibration was introduced firstly and all of the parameters of the camera were calculated. From normal digital camera and calculation, the image coordinates of corners were obtained. The CAD model was established based on calculated 3D coordinates of the interested points on the object. At last, the physical prototype of the object was fabricated on a RP machine. The examples show that the results are satisfactory.
Packet Filtering for FPGA-Based Routing Accelerator

In this paper, we present a novel approach for Binary Decision Diagram based semantically extended representation of packet filters called Filter Decision Diagrams (FDD), used for efficient filter processing and lookup in a hardware accelerator that uses a lookup engine employing CAM and comparison instructions kept in SRAM. We present the most important operations for FDDs and also give some complexity estimate. We also analyze and compare expressing power of the most commonly available packet filters.
Design and Power Management of Energy Harvesting Embedded Systems

Harvesting energy from the environment is a desirable and increasingly important capability in several emerging applications of embedded systems such as sensor networks, biomedical implants, etc. While energy harvesting has the potential to enable near-perpetual system operation, designing an efficient energy harvesting system that actually realizes this potential requires an in-depth understanding of several complex tradeoffs. These tradeoffs arise due to the interaction of numerous factors such as the characteristics of the harvesting transducers, chemistry and capacity of the batteries used (if any), power supply requirements and power management features of the embedded system, application behavior, etc. This paper surveys the various issues and tradeoffs involved in designing and operating energy harvesting embedded systems. System design techniques are described that target high conversion and storage efficiency by extracting the most energy from the environment and making it maximally available for consumption. Harvesting aware power management techniques are also described, which reconcile the very different spatio-temporal characteristics of energy availability and energy usage within a system and across a network
Design Assurance Arguments for Intrusion Tolerance

We introduce the notion of a design assurance argument as a diverse assembly of design choices, evidence, and reasoning that makes a convincing case that the design of the system, from abstract architecture to the most concrete details of implementation and operation, meets appropriate operational and security requirements. We sketch an approach to forming design assurance arguments and discuss its advantages and applicability to intrusion tolerant systems, using an intrusion tolerant Web server as an illustration.
Orientation-Preserving Rod Elements for Real-Time Thin-Shell Simulation

We propose a new computation model for simulating elastic thin shells at interactive rates. Existing graphical simulation methods are mostly based on dihedral angle energy functions, which need to compute the first order and second order partial derivatives with respect to current vertex positions as bending forces and stiffness matrices. The symbolic derivatives are complicated in nonisometric element deformations. To simplify computing the derivatives, instead of directly constructing the dihedral angle energy, we use the orientation change energy of mesh edges. A continuum-mechanics-based orientation-preserving rod element model is developed to provide the bending forces. The advantage of our method is simple bending force and stiffness matrix computation, since in the rod model, we apply a novel incremental construction of the deformation gradient tensor to linearize both tensile and orientation deformations. Consequently, our model is efficient, easy to implement, and supports both quadrilateral and triangle meshes. It also treats shells and plates uniformly.
Multiphase Technique to Speed-up Delay Measurement via Sub-sampling

A multi-phase technique for speeding up the measurement of delays via sub-sampling is presented. Measurement of delays using the sub-sampling approach leads to a very simple system implementation, and also provides the opportunity of trading off between bandwidth and accuracy. Such a scheme becomes extremely attractive for deep sub-micron processes due to its highly-digital nature and the ability to offer compact, low power, mixed-signal implementation alternatives. However, a drawback is the amount of averaging (measurement time) that is needed to get accurate results. A multiphase input clock scheme is proposed to address this issue, especially for the measurement of small delays, thereby speeding up the overall measurement. Simulation results from MATLAB Simulink confirm the speedup achieved upto a factor of eight with an eight-phase clock input for sufficiently small fixed test delays and also an improvement in SNR upto 11dB for slowly varying test delays.