Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
DOH1, a Class 1 knox Gene, Is Required for Maintenance of the Basic Plant Architecture and Floral Transition in Orchid

We report here the isolation and identification of an orchid homeobox gene, DOH1, from Dendrobium Madame Thong-In. Analyses of its sequence and genomic organization suggest that DOH1 may be the only class 1 knox gene in the genome. DOH1 mRNA accumulates in meristem-rich tissues, and its expression is greatly downregulated during floral transition. In situ hybridization analysis demonstrates that DOH1 is also expressed in the incipient leaf primordia and is later detected in the same region of the inflorescence apex, as in DOMADS1. Overexpression of DOH1 in orchid plants completely suppresses shoot organization and development. Transgenic orchid plants expressing antisense mRNA for DOH1 show multiple shoot apical meristem (SAM) formations and early flowering. In addition, both the sense and antisense transformants exhibit defects in leaf development. These findings suggest that DOH1 plays a key role in maintaining the basic plant architecture of orchid through control of the formation and development of the SAM and shoot structure. Investigations of DOMADS1 expression in the SAM during floral transition reveal that the precocious flowering phenotype exhibited by DOH1 antisense transformants is coupled with the early onset of DOMADS1 expression. This fact, together with the reciprocal expression of DOH1 and DOMADS1 during floral transition, indicates that downregulation of DOH1 in the SAM is required for floral transition in orchid and that DOH1 is a possible upstream regulator of DOMADS1.
SINGULARLY SINGLE: CULTURAL REPRESENTATION AND EXPERIENCE OF THE 'SPINSTER' AND THE UNMARRIED MOTHER IN THE LONG 1950S

This is a study which investigates the forms of femininity both available to, and created by, certain unmarried women in the immediate post-war period 1945-1965 in Britain. Utilizing varied historical and literary approaches the study conducts a detailed analysis of a variety of contemporary texts and sources including film, fiction, autobiography and oral testimony, as well as archival material. It examines how portrayals of the post-war unmarried woman increasingly resisted or re-articulated traditional notions of femininity and the feminine role, and how different types of independent women („spinsters‟, single-mothers, career/working women) were able to develop and explore potential femininities through the creative use of cultural texts and other opportunities available to them. The study questions prevalent assumptions that the era was a low point for feminism, evidencing instead a contemporary awareness amongst many women that the war, and certain developments in the preceding two decades, had significantly challenged the validity of traditional gender dynamics. The study demonstrates how, as opportunities for employment and social provision expanded for post-war women, the feminine norm of the stay at home „wife and mother‟ became unstable, producing conditions in which unmarried women might imagine alternative feminine identities and Second Wave Feminism might come into being.
Mechanisms of Induction and Expression of Long-Term Depression at GABAergic Synapses in the Neonatal Rat Hippocampus

Synaptic plasticity at excitatory glutamatergic synapses is believed to be instrumental in the maturation of neuronal networks. Using whole-cell patch-clamp recordings, we have studied the mechanisms of induction and expression of long-term depression at excitatory GABAergic synapses in the neonatal rat hippocampus (LTDGABA-A). We report that the induction of LTDGABA-A requires a GABAA receptor-mediated membrane depolarization, which is necessary to remove the Mg2+ block from postsynaptic NMDA receptors. LTDGABA-A is associated with an increase in the coefficient of variation of evoked GABAA receptor-mediated synaptic currents and a decrease in the frequency, but not amplitude, of Sr2+-induced asynchronous GABAA quantal events. We conclude that LTDGABA-A induction requires the activation of both GABAA and NMDA postsynaptic receptors and that its expression is likely presynaptic.
Citizenship In A Global Age: Society, Culture, Politics

Part one Models of citizenship: the liberal theory of citizenship - rights and duties communitarian theories of citizenship - participation and identity the radical theories of politics - citizenship and democracy. Part two The cosmopolitan challenge: cosmopolitan citizenship - beyond the nation-state human rights and citizenship - the emergence of the embodied self globalization and the deterritorialization of space - between order and chaos the transformation of the nation-state - nationalism, the city, migration and multi-culturalism European integration and postnational citizenship - four kinds of postnationalization. Part three Rethinking citizenship: the reconfiguration of citizenship - postnational governance in the multi-levelled polity. Conclusion: the idea of civic cosmopolitanism.
A novel method to classify organizational data using CIA tree approach

Data classification plays an important role in an organizational information and communication technology. An efficient data classification technique reduces the complexity of data management. Here we focusing the main security threats such as Confidentiality (C), Integrity (I) and Availability (A). A tree approach is used for data classification. CIA tree is a binary tree which each level represents confidentiality, Integrity and Availability. The three tree approaches are: - Binary tree approach, weighted tree approach and Complex network approach. The binary tree approach directs user into a specified path, where the file gets a path value. In weighted tree approach user get four choices based on root value. Left or right sub tree is activated at a time based on the root value. User can select a value depends on the security of the file. In Complex network approach the full network is activate every time and user can select a value from eight different values. The security, accuracy, processing speed etc of each tree varies differently.
Fast Motion Estimation and Intermode Selection for H.264

H.264/AVC provides various useful features such as improved coding efficiency and error robustness. These features enable mobile devices to adopt H.264 standard to achieve effective video communications. However, the encoder complexity is greatly increased mainly due to motion estimation (ME) and mode decision. In this paper, we propose a new scheme to jointly optimize intermode selection and ME using the multiresolution analysis. Experimental results show that the proposed method is over 3 times faster than other existing methods while maintaining the coding efficiency.
A brief history of G-protein coupled receptors (Nobel Lecture).

The idea of receptors has fascinated scientists for more than a century and has certainly fascinated me and Brian throughout the entirety of our research careers. Today we know that the G protein coupled receptors, also known as seven transmembrane receptors, represent by far the largest, most versatile and most ubiquitous of the several families of plasma membrane receptors. They comprise almost a thousand genes which regulate virtually all known physiological processes in humans including the sensory modalities of vision, taste and smell. Moreover, these receptors are the targets for drugs accounting for more than half of all prescription drug sales in the world (1). Despite the very central role that the study of receptors plays in biomedical research today, it is only in the last thirty years or so that there has been any general acceptance they even exist. Prior to that time, the notion of cellular receptors was highly controversial and associated with a great deal of skepticism. Perhaps the earliest explicit assertion concerning the existence of receptors was made by the British pharmacologist, J.N. Langley. In 1905 he wrote the following: “So we may suppose that in all cells two constituents at least are to be distinguished. The chief substance which is concerned with the chief function of the cell as contraction and secretion and receptive substances which are acted upon by chemical bodies and in certain cases by nervous stimuli. The receptive
Social-Ecological Systems A General Framework for Analyzing Sustainability

www.sciencemag. org (this information is current as of September 10, 2009 ): The following resources related to this article are available online at http://www.sciencemag. org/cgi/content/full/325/5939/419 version of this article at: including high-resolution figures, can be found in the online Updated information and services, found at: can be related to this article A list of selected additional articles on the Science Web sites http://www.sciencemag. org/cgi/content/full/325/5939/419#related-content http://www.sciencemag. org/cgi/content/full/325/5939/419#otherarticles , 11 of which can be accessed for free: cites 21 articles This article http://www.sciencemag. org/cgi/collection/sociology Sociology : subject collections This article appears in the following http://www.sciencemag. org/about/permissions.dtl in whole or in part can be found at: this article permission to reproduce of this article or about obtaining reprints Information about obtaining
Diagnostic accuracy and prognostic relevance of the measurement of cardiac natriuretic peptides: a review.

BACKGROUND The pathophysiologic and clinical relevance of cardiac natriuretic hormone (CNH) assays has been investigated in numerous experimental and clinical studies. Authors have sought to evaluate the diagnostic accuracy and prognostic relevance of the measurement of CNHs according to evidence-based laboratory medicine principles. METHODS In June 2003, we ran a computerized literature search on National Library of Medicine using keywords "ANP" and "BNP" and found more than 12 300 and 1200 articles, respectively. A more refined search with keywords "ANP or BNP assay" extracted approximately 7000 and 800 articles, respectively. Only studies specifically designed to evaluate the diagnostic accuracy and prognostic relevance of CNH measurements were selected from this huge mass of articles to be discussed in this review. CONTENT Several studies suggested that CNH assays may be clinically useful for the screening and classification of patients with heart failure, as a prognostic marker in cardiovascular disease, in the follow-up of patients with heart failure, and because they may reduce the need for further cardiac investigation. However, it is difficult to compare even the best-designed studies because not only did the authors evaluate different populations, they also used different gold standards. CONCLUSIONS CNH assays and conventional diagnostic work-ups provide complementary information for evaluation of the presence and severity of cardiac dysfunction and clinical disease. Several aspects of CNH assays are still to be elucidated, and further work is needed to carefully assess their diagnostic accuracy and prognostic value in cardiac disease.
Metal release and metal allergy after total hip replacement with resurfacing versus conventional hybrid prosthesis

Background — Metal-on-metal (MOM) total hip arthroplasties were reintroduced because of the problems with osteolysis and aseptic loosening related to polyethylene wear of early metal-on-polyethylene (MOP) arthroplasties. The volumetric wear rate has been greatly reduced with MOM arthroplasties; however, because of nano-size wear particles, the absolute number has been greatly increased. Thus, a source of metal ion exposure with the potential to sensitize patients is present. We hypothesized that higher amounts of wear particles result in increased release of metal ions and ultimately lead to an increased incidence of metal allergy. Methods — 52 hips in 52 patients (median age 60 (51–64) years, 30 women) were randomized to either a MOM hip resurfacing system (ReCap) or a standard MOP total hip arthoplasty (Mallory Head/Exeter). Spot urine samples were collected preoperatively, postoperatively, after 3 months, and after 1, 2, and 5 years and tested with inductively coupled plasma-sector field mass spectrometry. After 5 years, hypersensitivity to metals was evaluated by patch testing and lymphocyte transformation assay. In addition, the patients answered a questionnaire about hypersensitivity. Results — A statistically significant 10- to 20-fold increase in urinary levels of cobalt and chromium was observed throughout the entire follow-up in the MOM group. The prevalence of metal allergy was similar between groups. Interpretation — While we observed significantly increased levels of metal ions in the urine during the entire follow-up period, no difference in prevalence of metal allergy was observed in the MOM group. However, the effect of long-term metal exposure remains uncertain.
SLA based profit optimization in autonomic computing systems

With the development of the Service Oriented Architecture (SOA), organizations are able to compose complex applications from distributed services supported by third party providers. Under this scenario, large data centers provide services to many customers by sharing available IT resources. This leads to the efficient use of resources and the reduction of operating costs. Service providers and their customers often negotiate utility based Service Level Agreements (SLAs) to determine costs and penalties based on the achieved performance levels. Data centers often employ an autonomic computing infrastructure and use a centralized dispatch and control component (a dispatcher) to distribute the user requests to backend servers, and to set the scheduling policies at each server. This dispatcher can also decide to turn ON or OFF servers depending on the system load. This paper designs a set of dispatching and control policies for the dispatcher in such service oriented environments. The objective is to maximize the provider's profits associated with multiple class of SLAs. We show that the overall problem is NP-hard, and develop meta-heuristic solutions based on the tabu-search algorithm. Experimental results are presented to show the benefits of our approach.
Affine projection sign subband adaptive filter

Sign algorithms (SAs) have attracted much attention because of their robustness against impulsive interference. To reduce the computational cost of SAs, a sign subband adaptive filter (SSAF) has recently been proposed. In this paper, an affine projection sign subband adaptive filter (APSSAF) is proposed, which updates the tap-weight vector based on several previous input vectors. The APSSAF not only maintains the robustness against impulsive interference, but also increases the convergence rate. Simulation results are presented to demonstrate the improved performance of the proposed algorithm.
Development and Evaluation of an iPad App for Measuring the Cost of a Nutritious Diet

Background Monitoring food costs informs governments of the affordability of healthy diets. Many countries have adopted a standardized healthy food basket. The Victorian Healthy Food Basket contains 44 food items necessary to meet the nutritional requirements of four different Australian family types for a fortnight. Objective The aim of this study was to describe the development of a new iPad app as core to the implementation of the Victorian Healthy Food Basket. The app significantly automates the data collection. We evaluate if the new technology enhanced the quality and efficacy of the research. Methods Time taken for data collection and entry was recorded. Semi-structured evaluative interviews were conducted with five field workers during the pilot of the iPad app. Field workers were familiar with previous manual data collection methods. Qualitative process evaluation data was summarized against key evaluation questions. Results Field workers reported that using the iPad for data collection resulted in increased data accuracy, time savings, and efficient data management, and was preferred over manual collection. Conclusions Portable digital devices may be considered to improve and extend data collection in the field of food cost monitoring.
Author's Personal Copy Theoretical Computer Science an Analysis of Optimal Link Bombs

In most cases authors are permitted to post their version of the article (e.g. in Word or Tex form) to their personal website or institutional repository. Authors requiring further information regarding Elsevier's archiving and manuscript policies are encouraged to visit: a b s t r a c t We analyze the phenomenon of collusion for the purpose of boosting the pagerank of a node in an interlinked environment. We investigate the optimal attack pattern for a group of nodes (attackers) attempting to improve the ranking of a specific node (the victim). We consider attacks where the attackers can only manipulate their own outgoing links. We show that the optimal attacks in this scenario are uncoordinated, i.e. the attackers link directly to the victim and no one else; nodes do not link to each other. We also discuss optimal attack patterns for a group that wants to hide itself by not pointing directly to the victim. In these disguised attacks, the attackers link to nodes l hops away from the victim. We show that an optimal disguised attack exists and how it can be computed. The optimal disguised attack also allows us to find optimal link farm configurations. A link farm can be considered as a special case of our approach: the target page of the link farm is the victim and the other nodes in the link farm are the attackers for the purpose of improving the rank of the victim. The target page can however control its own outgoing links for the purpose of improving its own rank, which can be modeled as an optimal disguised attack of 1-hop on itself. Our results are unique in the literature as we show optimality not only in the pagerank score, but also in the rank based on the pagerank score. We further validate our results with experiments on a variety of random graph models.
Does probe's eye subthalamic nucleus length on T2W MRI correspond with microelectrode recording in patients with deep brain stimulation for advanced Parkinson's disease?

AIM Subthalamic nucleus (STN) deep brain stimulation (DBS) has become a well-accepted treatment for patients with advanced Parkinson's disease (PD). During surgical planning for DBS, the length of the STN is taken into account and verified during microelectrode recording (MER) intraoperatively. Here, we addressed the question to which extent the length of the STN measured with the T2 weighted MRI in the probe's eye view corresponded with the intraoperatively determined length of the STN with MER. MATERIAL AND METHODS We included 10 consecutive Parkinson's disease patients who underwent STN DBS surgery. The length of the STN in the probe's eye view mode was calculated along the trajectory of the central MER electrode crossing the STN. RESULTS Our analysis showed no statistical difference between the length of the STN measured with the T2 weighted probe's eye view mode and the MER (right STN length 5.8 ± 0.9 mm MRI vs. 6.3 ± 0.5 mm MER, p > 0.05; left STN length 5.6 ± 0.4 mm MRI vs 5.8 ± 1 mm MER, p > 0.05). CONCLUSION This means that the entry and the exit of the STN can be adequately estimated using the probe's eye view preoperatively.
Getting Its Kicks: A VLBA Parallax for the Hyperfast Pulsar B1508+55

The highest velocity neutron stars establish stringent constraints on natal kicks, asymmetries in supernova core collapse, and the evolution of close binary systems. Here we present the first results of a long-term pulsar astrometry program using the VLBA. We measure a proper motion and parallax for the pulsar B1508+55, leading to model-independent estimates of its distance (2.37 kpc) and transverse velocity (1083 km s-1), the highest velocity directly measured for a neutron star. We trace the pulsar back from its present Galactic latitude of 52. °3 to a birth site in the Galactic plane near the Cyg OB associations, and find that it will inevitably escape the Galaxy. Binary disruption alone is insufficient to impart the required birth velocity, and a natal kick is indicated. A composite scenario including a large kick along with binary disruption can plausibly account for the high velocity.
INFLUENCE OF PHARMACOGENETICS ON DRUG DISPOSITION AND RESPONSE

1. Pharmacogenetics deals with clinically significant hereditary variations in the response to drugs due to altered drug disposition and abnormal drug action in affected persons. In general, two types of pharmacogenetic conditions can be differentiated. Genetic conditions transmitted as a single factor altering the way drugs act on the body (altered drug action) or genetic conditions transmitted as single factors altering the way the body acts on drugs (altered drug metabolism). These pharmacogenetic conditions can occur either as rare defects or as polymorphisms.
The Nonmusical Outcomes of Music Education: A Review of the Literature

sion, all arts education in the school curriculum. The problem lies in the fact that it is extremely difficult to state precisely just what benefits a student derives which make music instruction an essential part of his education. It may be assumed that a music education of good quality will make growth in musical understanding and skill possible and even likely. Many music educators are convinced that such learning will foster increased aesthetic sensitivity and will make a lasting contribution to the quality of a student's life "through a heightened ability to share more of the affective power of the art of music. "1 While such thinking is the basis for most school music programs, it seems quite probable that there also may be concomitant effects which are not so obvious to the public or even to music educators themselves, but which are nevertheless products of music education. Because rich experiences in music and the other arts involve both the mind and the feelings, they become a special means of learning about the nature of man. It is possible that they may influence a student's thinking and behavior in ways that have not been fully explored. Nonmusical outcomes may occur whether or not the objectives of the teacher include provision for them. It is the position of the Music Educators National Conference that these ancillary effects of music instruction "accrue to the student regardless of the motivation that initially led to the inclusion of music in the curriculum. "2 Whatever that motivation may have been -art of its intrinsic value or art as a tool of learning- it is important for music educators to examine these ancillary effects for the information they may yield about the result of the teaching process and for the justification they may provide for maintaining strong arts programs. It is for these reasons that an evaluative review of the research was undertaken. The literature related to the arts in education abounds with statements regarding the positive effect of the arts on the learning process. The following is typical: