Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Construction and analysis of emergency commanding system for serious environmental pollution accident in coal chemical industry zone

This paper analyzes the characteristic of the coal chemical industry zone in Taiyuan city. The actual emergency resources and the emergency management situation are analyzed at the same time. An emergency commanding system for serious environmental pollution accident in the coal chemical industry zone is constructed with a multilevel organization structure. Based on the information transfer sub-network, the emergency response flow of system is analyzed subsequently. This system has a significance meaning in improving the efficiency of emergency commanding in the coal chemical industry zone.
Wavelength stealing: An opportunistic approach to channel sharing in multi-chip photonic interconnects

Silicon photonic technology offers seamless integration of multiple chips with high bandwidth density and lower energy-per-bit consumption compared to electrical interconnects. The topology of a photonic interconnect impacts both its performance and laser power requirements. The point-to-point (P2P) topology offers arbitration-free connectivity with low energy-per-bit consumption, but suffers from low node-to-node bandwidth. Topologies with channel-sharing improve inter-node bandwidth but incur higher laser power consumption in addition to the performance costs associated with arbitration and contention. In this paper, we analytically demonstrate the limits of channel-sharing under a fixed laser power budget and quantify its maximum benefits with realistic device loss characteristics. Based on this analysis, we propose a novel photonic interconnect architecture that uses opportunistic channel-sharing. The network does not incur any arbitration overheads and guarantees fairness. We evaluate this interconnect architecture using detailed simulation in the context of a 64-node photonically interconnected message passing multichip system. We show that this new approach achieves up to 28% better energy-delay-product (EDP) compared to the P2P network for HPC applications. Furthermore, we show that when applied to a cluster partitioned into multiple virtual machines (VM), this interconnect provides a guaranteed 1.27× higher node-to-node bandwidth regardless of the traffic patterns within each VM.
Management of orbital subperiosteal abscess in children.

OBJECTIVES To present guidelines for the management of an orbital subperiosteal abscess (SPA) in children and to assess the efficacy and safety of transnasal endoscopic drainage of an orbital SPA. SETTING Tertiary care children's hospital. PATIENTS Nineteen patients treated for an SPA between July 1997 and December 1999. The age of the patients ranged from 17 months to 14 years (mean, 6 years). The male-female ratio was 10:9. Treatment modalities included transnasal endoscopic drainage (n = 11), external drainage (n = 3), and intravenous antibiotics alone (n = 5). RESULTS Bilateral pansinusitis was the most common cause. All patients received an initial trial of intravenous antibiotics. Based on the Fisher exact test, no statistically significant differences were detected for age, sex, presence of gaze restriction, and radiographic findings. Based on multiple logistic regression, degree of proptosis was the only significant multivariate predictor of surgery (P =.003). The estimated probability of surgery was 6% when there was no proptosis, and 92% for 2 mm of proptosis. The location of the SPA determined the route of surgical drainage. Eleven patients with a medially based SPA underwent drainage via the transnasal endoscopic approach, and 3 with a superior SPA underwent drainage externally. The external approach was associated with a longer hospital stay (median, 7 days) than either the endoscopic or the intravenous antibiotic approach (median, 5 days).
FORMAL SPECIFICATION APPROACH IN DESIGNING DATABASE SYSTEM USING Z

The requirements for a software system set out what the system should do and define constraints on its operation and implementation. Traditionally, users express the requirement specification of system development by natural language. Natural language is ambiguous, thus the requirement specification statement may result in different apprehension among users, analysts and programmers. Anxieties have been raised by several relevant software developers about the weakness use of natural languages in documenting system requirements. Hence, one of the solutions to solve the problem in capturing user requirements is by using the formal specification approach. Formal specifications is an approach to solve the vagueness and contradiction in natural language descriptions by providing an unambiguous and precise specification. This approach can be validated and verified mathematically leading to the initial detection of specification errors. The use of a formal specification will reduces ambiguity between programmer and end-user while eliminates an errors during software development. If this is done, then we can carried out testing the system aligned to the user requirement specification. This work will discuss on how to implement formal specification approach in designing database system.
Multivariate Emulators with Nonseparable Covariance Structures

An emulator is a statistical representation of an expensive computer model that gives fast probabilistic predictions of the output. This article concerns emulators for computer models with multiple outputs that represent different kinds of quantities. Our approach uses multivariate Gaussian processes to model the uncertainty in the input-output relationship of the computer model. The challenge is to specify a covariance structure that adequately captures two kinds of correlation: correlation over the input space, and correlation between different outputs. We propose emulators with nonseparable covariance structures, using convolution methods and the linear model of coregionalization. Much of the previous work on multivariate emulation has considered cases where the output represents values of a single type of physical quantity at multiple points in a field. In such cases it may be appropriate to treat the two kinds of correlation as separable. However, we show that when the outputs represent multiple types of physical quantities, a separable covariance can be too restrictive, resulting in a misspecified spatial correlation functions for some or all of the outputs. We consider methods for constructing nonseparable covariances, which allow outputs to possess different correlation functions. We present case studies from engineering and from climate science. We implement separable and nonseparable multivariate emulators, comparing them with each other and with an independent outputs approach. We show that the nonseparable emulators have advantages over the other approaches. This becomes most apparent when we consider using the emulators to make predictions of functions of the multiple outputs.
Supporting Nurses to Increase Retention: A Literature Review

Background: Nurse retention has become vital to ensure that healthcare settings have a sufficient number of nurses who are confident and knowledgeable in providing safe patient care. Factors that influence nurses to leave their current jobs include self-care, relationships with peers, interprofessional communication, knowledge base, leadership team, and professional development. Objectives: The objectives were to conduct a comprehensive review of the related literature to examine recent findings related to supporting nurses to increase retention, and to identify methodological challenges and the implications of new evidence for future studies. Design: A comprehensive search of the recent literature related to supporting nurses to increase retention was undertaken to summarize relevant findings published in the past 12 years. Data sources: Electronic databases: CINAHL, OVID, PubMed, reference lists of journal publications. Review methods: Keyword searches were conducted for publications published between 2006 and 2018 that examined nurse retention in all healthcare settings, both within the United States and internationally. Literature findings are presented using an integrative approach and a table format to report individual studies. Results: From 100 citations or abstracts that were initially scanned for content relevance, ten studies were included in this summary review. The majority of studies focus on new nurses and the determinants of nurse retention. Recent studies offer insight into generational factors that should be considered in creating nurse retention programs. Conclusions: Primary factors affecting nurses’ decisions to stay at an organization include job satisfaction, nurse self-concept, and burnout. The implementation of nurse residency programs SUPPORTING NURSES TO INCREASE RETENTION 3 and mentor programs in institutions that employ new nurses has been shown to reduce turnover rates, increase the quality of patient care, and empower nurses in professional development. The existing literature supports the use of mentor programs and encourages their implementation in healthcare institutions. Longitudinal research is needed to produce new evidence of the relationship between mentor programs and nurse retention, the impact of these programs on cost, and impact on patient outcomes.
Supercritical carbon dioxide extraction of Leucaena leuco-cephala Pod-Oil Yield & component identification

Relatively previous researches on Leucaena Leucocephala ( L.leucocephala ) were undergone by using traditional method such as hydrodistillation and soxhlet extraction methods which have their own disadvantages such as long extraction time and non-solvent free oil extract. Thus, a clean extraction method of supercritical fluid extraction (SFE) method using supercritical carbon dioxide (SC-CO 2 ) with ethanol as co-solvent was proposed for the extraction of L.leucocephala pods to produce oil with pharmaceutical components. The SC-CO 2 extraction of L.leucocephala was studied by using measurement of yield of oil extracted and component identification. The extraction was conducted at constant CO 2 flowrate of 24mL/min and constant ethanol flowrate of 2.4mL/min at extraction time of 60 minutes within a range of temperature (40°C, 50°C and 60°C) and range of pressure (3000, 4000, 5000, 6000, 7000 psi). The component in L.leucocephala oil with the highest oil yield was determined using Gas Chromotography-Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS). The highest extraction oil yield of 4.92% (g oil/ g sample) was obtained at pressure 6000 psi and temperature 60°C. The component in the oil extract with the highest oil yield was determined based on the major components identified comprised of pentanoic acid, phosphonic acid, ec-gonine, oleic acid and octadecadienoic acid.
Development of Individual Instructions Based on Pupils' Mental Representations of a Gymnastics Skill

Problem Statement In physical education, teachers use instructions to support the learning of motor skills (Wulf, Höß, & Prinz, 1998). Expertise in performing motor skills is characterized by forming and adapting relevant mental representations that are stored hierarchically structured in long-term memory (Land, Volchenkov, Bläsing, & Schack, 2013; Schack & Mechsner, 2006). Scientific findings reveal differences between experts’ and novices’ mental representation structures in the comparison of different skill levels (Bläsing, Tenenbaum, & Schack, 2009), as a consequence a close relationship between mental representation structure and skill performance is presumed, and a development of mental representation structures over the course of learning could be highlighted (Frank, Land, & Schack, 2016). PurposeTherefore, the purpose of this study was to investigate the differences in the effects of two types of instructions (specific vs. general) on pupils’ development of mental representation structures and their performance of a cartwheel. ApproachSixteen pupils were assigned to one of two conditions: specific or general instructions on the performance of a gymnastics skill (cartwheel). Participants in the intervention group received specific instructions, based on their mental representation structure of the cartwheel, whereas participants in the control group received general instructions. ResultsResults revealed that specific instructions based on pupils’ mental representation of a gymnastics skill have a positive impact on their mental representation structure as well as on their motor performance. ConclusionsIt can be concluded that the knowledge about learners’ structure of mental representations could constitute an effective means of developing specific instructions for enhancing motor performance.
Adding Sessions to BPEL

By considering an essential subset of the BPEL orchestration language, we define SeB, a session based style of this subset. We discuss the formal semantics of SeB and we present its main properties. We use a new approach to address the formal semantics, based on a translation into so-called control graphs. Our semantics handles control links and addresses the static semantics that prescribes the valid usage of variables. We also provide the semantics of collections of networked services. Relying on these semantics, we define precisely what is meant by interaction safety, paving the way to the formal analysis of safe interactions between BPEL services.
Meningococcal meningitis: unprecedented incidence of serogroup X-related cases in 2006 in Niger.

BACKGROUND In Niger, epidemic meningococcal meningitis is primarily caused by Neisseria meningitidis (Nm) serogroup A. However, since 2002, Nm serogroup W135 has been considered to be a major threat that has not yet been realized, and an unprecedented incidence of Nm serogroup X (NmX) meningitis was observed in 2006. METHODS Meningitis surveillance in Niger is performed on the basis of reporting of clinically suspected cases. Cerebrospinal fluid specimens are sent to the reference laboratory in Niamey, Niger. Culture, latex agglutination, and polymerase chain reaction are used whenever appropriate. Since 2004, after the addition of a polymerase chain reaction-based nonculture assay that was developed to genogroup isolates of NmX, polymerase chain reaction testing allows for the identification of Nm serogroup A, Nm serogroup B, Nm serogroup C, NmX, Nm serogroup Y, and Nm serogroup W135. RESULTS From January to June 2006, a total of 4185 cases of meningitis were reported, and 2905 cerebrospinal fluid specimens were laboratory tested. NmX meningitis represented 51% of 1139 confirmed cases of meningococcal meningitis, but in southwestern Niger, it represented 90%. In the agglomeration of Niamey, the reported cumulative incidence of meningitis was 73 cases per 100,000 population and the cumulative incidence of confirmed NmX meningitis was 27.5 cases per 100,000 population (74.6 cases per 100,000 population in children aged 5-9 years). NmX isolates had the same phenotype (X : NT : P1.5), and all belonged to the same sequence type (ST-181) as the NmX isolates that were circulating in Niamey in the 1990s. Nm serogroup W135 represented only 2.1% of identified meningococci. CONCLUSIONS This is, to our knowledge, the first report of such a high incidence of NmX meningitis, although an unusually high incidence of NmX meningitis was also observed in the 1990s in Niamey. The increasing incidence of NmX meningitis is worrisome, because no vaccine has been developed against this serogroup. Countries in the African meningitis belt must prepare to face this potential new challenge.
Oxygen isotope content of CO2 in nocturnal ecosystem respiration: 1. Observations in forests along a precipitation transect in Oregon, USA

The oxygen isotope content of nocturnal ecosystem respiration (δ18OR) was examined in forests along a precipitation gradient in Oregon, USA, to determine whether site‐to‐site variation in δ18OR was more strongly related to variation in δ18O of precipitation or to evaporative processes that isotopically modify water pools within ecosystems. Measurements were made over 4 years at sites ranging in mean annual precipitation from 227 to 2760 mm. There was a gradient in the isotopic content (δ18O) of precipitation, with inland sites receiving isotopically depleted precipitation (more negative δ18O) relative to coastal sites. The δ18O of water in plant xylem generally followed the isotopic pattern of precipitation. Inland forests were drier than coastal forests, leading to a gradient in the vapor pressure deficit of air that caused isotopic enrichment of soil and leaf water. The enriched soil and leaf water pools influenced the isotopic composition of respired CO2, leading to variation in observed δ18OR (Keeling‐plot intercepts). Keeling plots with non‐significant (p > 0.01) regression slopes and those sampled over a time period (t) greater than 5 hours yielded unacceptably high uncertainty in δ18OR. The range of observed δ18OR was 21.7 to 35.3‰ (VSMOW), with variation within a single site as large as 10.7‰ (range 24.2 to 34.9‰ at different sites). The results suggested a trend of more positive δ18OR at inland sites relative to those nearer the coast, indicating that fractionation due to evaporative enrichment overshadowed the original isotopic composition of precipitation as a first order control on δ18OR.
Plant@Hand: from activity recognition to situation-based annotation management at mobile assembly workplaces

This paper describes an approach towards situation-based annotation management on the basis of work integrated activity recognition and situation detection. We motivate situation-based annotations as a means for collecting and processing contextual knowledge on the work domain in order to improve the quality of information assistance at mobile assembly workplaces. Especially, when we make use of automated processes which aim to detect the worker's ongoing activities and situations, we have to deal at the same time with errors and wrongly inferred assumptions on reality. Here we see the strengths of annotation management which can be used to revise contextual background knowledge, required for determining the autonomous behavior, in case of errors and deviations between inferred and real situations.
The Radiographic Evaluation of Keeled and Pegged Glenoid Component Insertion

Background: Radiolucent lines about the glenoid component of a total shoulder replacement are a common finding, even on initial postoperative radiographs. The achievement of complete osseous support of the component has been shown to decrease micromotion. We evaluated the ability of a group of experienced shoulder surgeons to achieve complete cementing and support in a series of patients managed with keeled and pegged glenoid components. Methods: We reviewed the initial postoperative radiographs of 493 patients with primary osteoarthritis who had been managed with total shoulder arthroplasty by seventeen different surgeons. One hundred and sixty-five patients were excluded because of inadequate radiographs, leaving 328 patients available for review. Of these, thirty-nine patients had a keeled component and 289 had a pegged component. The method of Franklin was used to grade the degree of radiolucency around the keeled components, and a modification of that method was used to grade the degree of radiolucency around the pegged components. The efficacy of component seating on host subchondral bone was evaluated with a newly constructed five-grade scale based on the percentage of the component that was supported by subchondral bone. Each radiograph was graded four times, by two separate reviewers on two separate occasions. Results: Radiolucencies were extremely common, with only twenty of the 328 glenoids demonstrating no radiolucencies. On a numeric scale (with 0 indicating no radiolucency and 5 indicating gross loosening), the mean radiolucency score was 1.8 ± 0.9 for keeled components and 1.3 ± 0.9 for pegged components (p = 0.0004). After defining categories of "better" and "worse" cementing, we found that pegged components more commonly had "better cementing" than did keeled components (p = 0.0028). Incomplete seating was also common, particularly among patients with keeled components. Ninety-five of the 121 pegged components that had been inserted by the most experienced surgeon had "better cementing," compared with eighty-five of the 168 pegged components that had been inserted by the remaining surgeons (p < 0.00001). Conclusions: Perfectly cementing and seating a glenoid replacement is a difficult task. Radiolucencies and incomplete component seating occur more frequently in association with keeled components compared with pegged components. Surgeon experience may be an important variable in the achievement of a good technical outcome.
Independence of net water flux from paracellular permeability in the intestine of Fundulus heteroclitus, a euryhaline teleost

SUMMARY Paracellular permeability and absorptive water flux across the intestine of the euryhaline killifish were investigated using in vitro gut sac preparations from seawater- and freshwater-acclimated animals. The permeability of polyethylene glycol (PEG), a well-established paracellular probe, was measured using trace amounts of radiolabelled oligomers of three different molecular sizes (PEG-400, PEG-900 and PEG-4000) at various times after satiation feeding. All three PEG molecules were absorbed, with permeability declining as a linear function of increasing hydrodynamic radius. Response patterns were similar in seawater and freshwater preparations, though water absorption and PEG-900 permeability were greater in the latter. Despite up to 4-fold variations in absorptive water flux associated with feeding and fasting (highest at 1–3 h, lowest at 12–24 h and intermediate at 1–2 weeks post-feeding), there were no changes in PEG permeability for any size oligomer. When PEG permeability was measured in the opposite direction (i.e. serosal to mucosal) from net water flux, it was again unchanged. HgCl2 (10–3 mol l–1), a putative blocker of aquaporins, eliminated absorptive water flux yet increased PEG-4000 permeability by 6- to 8-fold in both freshwater and seawater preparations. Experimentally raising the serosal osmolality by addition of 300 mmol l–1 mannitol increased the absorptive water flux rate 10-fold, but did not alter PEG permeability. Under these conditions, HgCl2 reduced absorptive water flux by 60% and again increased PEG permeability by 6- to 8-fold in both freshwater and seawater preparations. Clearly, there was no influence of solvent drag on PEG movement. The putative paracellular blocker 2,4,6-triaminopyrimidine (TAP, 20 mmol l–1) had no effect on net water flux or PEG permeability. We conclude that PEG and water move by separate pathways; absorptive water transport probably occurs via a transcellular route in the intestine of Fundulus heteroclitus.
A Review on Latest Technologies in Big Data Analysis

In this digital world, the modern information systems have produced a large amount of data which needs huge depositary in terms of terabytes for storage. Some of the digital technologies such as cloud computing and Internet of Things (IoT) are considered as the major sources of such large data. It is necessary to extract knowledge by analyzing these huge data which needs several attempts at multiple stages for decision making. Thus, the recent researches have focused on the analysis of big data. The main aim of this paper is to investigate the challenges of big data, applications, opportunities, implantation tools and its research problems. Thus, this study presents a platform to investigate big data at various levels. Moreover, it initiates a novel perspective for researchers to provide the solutions according to the challenges and research problems.