Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Volumetric strains in neutral surface folding

Neutral surface folding is a significant contributor to fold development. This mechanism produces contrasting strains in the inner and outer arcs of the folded layer that arise from principal stress orientations that are approximately parallel and perpendicular to the layer. We demonstrate that such stress patterns imply significant gradients of mean stress across the folding layer, being more tensional on the outer arc and more compressive in the inner arc. This could pump fluids towards the outer arc during folding and result in heterogeneous volume changes. We conclude that the neutral surface folding model should be adapted to accommodate volumetric strains, in order to explain dilatational structures (e.g. open fractures, veining) on the extrados and volume‐loss structures (e.g. pressure solution seams, stylolitic cleavages) on the intrados. This dilatation has economic implications as it allows prediction of sites of mineralization and zones of secondary permeability in fold‐related hydrocarbon traps.
SPARC Regulates Processing of Procollagen I and Collagen Fibrillogenesis in Dermal Fibroblasts*

A characterization of the factors that control collagen fibril formation is critical for an understanding of tissue organization and the mechanisms that lead to fibrosis. SPARC (secreted protein acidic and rich in cysteine) is a counter-adhesive protein that binds collagens. Herein we show that collagen fibrils in SPARC-null skin from mice 1 month of age were inefficient in fibril aggregation and accumulated in the diameter range of 60-70 nm, a proposed intermediate in collagen fibril growth. In vitro, procollagen I produced by SPARC-null dermal fibroblasts demonstrated an initial preferential association with cell layers, in comparison to that produced by wild-type fibroblasts. However, the collagen I produced by SPARC-null cells was not efficiently incorporated into detergent-insoluble fractions. Coincident with an initial increase in cell association, greater amounts of total collagen I were present as processed forms in SPARC-null versus wild-type cells. Addition of recombinant SPARC reversed collagen I association with cell layers and decreased the processing of procollagen I in SPARC-null cells. Although collagen fibers formed on the surface of SPARC-null fibroblasts earlier than those on wild-type cells, fibers on SPARC-null fibroblasts did not persist. We conclude that SPARC mediates the association of procollagen I with cells, as well as its processing and incorporation into the extracellular matrix.
Input randomization and automatic derivation of systolicarrays for matrix computationsDinh

Many standard matrix algorithms are diicult to implement as systolic arrays, because they involve data movement that cannot be determined a priori, resulting in high timing complexity. In the case of dense matrix inversion, Gaussian elimination (GE) with pivoting has largely been supplanted by alternative schemes, such as Givens rotations and the Gram-Schmidt method, which are costly and complex, and the simpler GE with pairwise pivoting and GE without pivoting, which can break down on \degenerate" inputs, i.e., invertible matrices with noninvertible submatrices. A new input randomization technique eeciently transforms the linear problem Ax = b into the randomized problem (VA)x = (V b), where the matrix V is chosen from a special class of random matrices. If A is nonsingular, then, with probability 1, GE without pivoting can be successfully applied to VA. As is demonstrated by an extended tuto-rial example, this simple algorithm is amenable to current-generation matrix algorithm compilers, such as UCLA's Mamacg system.
Anti‐platelet antibodies in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus and the primary antiphospholipid antibody syndrome: their relationship with the observed thrombocytopenia

The role of antiphospholipid antibodies in the pathogenesis of the thrombocytopenia observed during primary antiphospholipid antibody syndrome (APAS) and systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) remains controversial. We have used the MAIPA test to examine the frequency and specificity of anti‐platelet antibodies directed against the major platelet membrane glycoproteins (GP IIb–IIIa, GP Ib–IX, GP Ia–IIa and GP IV) in patients where SLE and APAS were associated or not with thrombocytopenia. Results were compared with a series of 26 ITP patients, 46% of whom were shown to possess anti‐platelet antibodies directed against one or more of the platelet surface glycoproteins. When APAS was associated with thrombocytopenia, 7/10 patients possessed antibodies against GP IIb–IIIa and/or GP Ib–IX. For SLE patients with thrombocytopenia, 6/10 patients were shown to have antiplatelet antibodies against GP IIb–IIIa, GP Ib–IX or GP IV. In contrast, for APAS (n=11) and SLE patients (n=11) without thrombocytopenia, only one patient had an antibody directed against GP IIb–IIIa and one patient had an antibody to GP IV. Our results suggest that antibodies directed against major platelet membrane glycoproteins may play a role in the thrombocytopenia that is seen during SLE and APAS.
Carbon budget in the eastern and central Arabian Sea: An Indian JGOFS synthesis

The carbon budget for the eastern and central Arabian Sea was constructed using results from the Modular Ocean Model and biogeochemical data collected largely under the Indian Joint Global Ocean Flux Study programme. The study region (east of 64°E and between 11° and 21°N) was divided into two vertical boxes; a surface box of the top 100 m that largely undergoes exchanges with atmosphere and exhibits relatively strong seasonal variability and a subsurface box between 100 and 1000 m. Water transport rates in surface layers were maximal (up to 83 × 1012 m3) in the southwest monsoon season. Sinking from surface driven by convection (25 × 1012 m3) largely supports lateral outflows of water in subsurface layers in the northeast monsoon. Surface waters are renewed 10 times faster (τ = 0.8 years) than intermediate waters (τ = 8 year). A net supply of 25 Tg C yr−1 is estimated to the upper 1000‐m water column of the study area by the physical pump. Photosynthetic activity (234 Tg C yr−1) does not seem to support total carbon demands (1203 Tg C yr−1) by bacteria and microzooplankton and mesozooplankton in the surface layers. Carbon demand rate requires organic carbon nearly double that of the total living biomass production rate (644 Tg yr−1) suggesting that most of the demand might be met from internal cycling involving zooplankton grazing/excretion activities. Sinking flux (69 Tg C yr−1) from surface accounts for about 30% of the total photosynthetic production rate indicating intense remineralization of organic matter in the surface layers of the Arabian Sea. Grazing and excretion of carbon by the microzooplankton and mesozooplankton appear to easily sustain perennial supersaturation of carbon dioxide in surface waters of the Arabian Sea and emission of 32 Tg C yr−1 to the atmosphere.
Human polymorphonuclear leukocytes produce and express functional tissue factor upon stimulation 1

Summary. Background: Blood‐borne tissue factor (TF) plays a crucial role in thrombogenesis. Aim: To study whether polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMN) are a source of TF. Methods and Results: Human PMN were carefully separated from other blood cells and stimulated for 3 min with purified P‐selectin or the chemotactic peptide formyl‐MetLeuPhe (fMLP): they expressed both TF procoagulant activity, as identified by specific TF MoAb and inactivated factor VIIa blockade; and TF:Ag (four to six times), as shown by flow‐cytometry and immunocytochemistry. About 40% of permeabilized PMN, both resting and stimulated, contained TF:Ag, indicating that stimulation only modifies the location of TF:Ag within PMN. By real time‐polymerase chain reaction (RT‐PCR), a very low amount of TF mRNA was detectable in resting PMN, but a 3‐ to 5‐fold increase was observed after 1‐h stimulation with P‐selectin or fMLP, respectively. Conclusions: These findings suggest that TF is not constitutively expressed in peripheral PMN, but can be up‐regulated and produced upon stimulation and specific gene transcription, as for instance during contact with activated platelets or endothelium. The stored TF is rapidly expressed in vitro as a functional molecule on the surface of activated PMN. The availability of PMN TF supports the relevance of inflammatory cells and their interaction with platelets for fibrin deposition and thrombus formation.
Hydrogen peroxide dry deposition lifetime determined from observed loss rates in a power plant plume

Hydrogen peroxide measurements made aboard the NOAA WP-3D aircraft in the summer of 1995 as part of the Southern Oxidants Study revealed loss of hydrogen peroxide within fossil fuel power plant plumes and the Nashville urban plume. On July 7 the Cumberland power plant plume was intercepted at five different downwind distances. H2O2 mixing ratios within the plume decreased with increasing distance from the plant. Conversely, ozone mixing ratios increased. The H2O2 loss was likely a result of the lowered rate of formation due to suppression of HO2 radical concentrations in the high NOx environment and subsequent removal of H2O2 by photolysis, reaction with HO, and dry deposition. From steady state model estimates of the chemical loss rates in the plume and an analytical approximation of the influx of H2O2 into the plume center due to horizontal dispersion, a simple budget for H2O2 was formulated, from which a dry deposition lifetime of 19 hours ±55% was inferred.
A SiC Varactor With Large Effective Tuning Range for Microwave Power Applications

SiC Schottky diode varactors have been fabricated for use in microwave power applications, specifically the dynamic load modulation of power amplifiers. A custom doping profile has been employed to spread the C(V) over a large bias voltage range, thereby increasing the effective tuning range under large voltage swing conditions. The small-signal tuning range is approximately six, and punch through is reached at a bias voltage of -60 V, while the breakdown voltage is on the order of -160 V. An interdigitated layout is utilized together with a self-aligned Schottky anode etch process to improve the Q-factor at 2 GHz, which is 20 at zero bias and approximately 160 at punch through.
Defining security in steganographic systems

Intuitively, the security of a steganographic communication between two principals lies in the inability of an eavesdropper to distinguish cover-objects from stego-objects, that is objects which contain secret messages. A system should be already considered insecure, if an eavesdropper can suspect the presence of secret communication. Several definitions of steganographic security were proposed in the literature. However, they all consider only perfectly secure steganographic systems, where even a computationally unbounded observer cannot detect the presence of a secret message exchange. Second, it might be difficult to construct secure schemes usable in practice following these definitions. Third, they all require the knowledge of the probability distribution of normal covers; although it might be possible in certain cases to compute this probability, it will in general be infeasible to obtain. In this paper, we propose a novel approach for defining security in steganographic systems. This definition relies on a probabilistic game between the attacker and a judge. Given the ability to observe the normal communication process and the steganographic system, the attacker has to decide whether a specific object (given to him by a judge) is in fact a plain cover or a stego-object. We discuss the applicability of this new definition and pose the open problem of constructing provably secure steganographic systems.
A Condition Number for Non‐Rigid Shape Matching

Despite the large amount of work devoted in recent years to the problem of non‐rigid shape matching, practical methods that can successfully be used for arbitrary pairs of shapes remain elusive. In this paper, we study the hardness of the problem of shape matching, and introduce the notion of the shape condition number, which captures the intuition that some shapes are inherently more difficult to match against than others. In particular, we make a connection between the symmetry of a given shape and the stability of any method used to match it while optimizing a given distortion measure. We analyze two commonly used classes of methods in deformable shape matching, and show that the stability of both types of techniques can be captured by the appropriate notion of a condition number. We also provide a practical way to estimate the shape condition number and show how it can be used to guide the selection of landmark correspondences between shapes. Thus we shed some light on the reasons why general shape matching remains difficult and provide a way to detect and mitigate such difficulties in practice.
Examining the Qualitative Gains of Mediating Human Interruptions during HCI

Recent trends in software development directed toward intelligence, distribution, and mobility have brought sophisticated software artifacts that often come with some unwanted side effects; frequent interruptions, for instance. In general, people are less effective when exposed to interruptions. We have created a framework that helps in selecting the most appropriate timing for interruption as a way to mediate human interruptions by the computer. The proposed framework is based on a new Interruption Taxonomy and uses Bayesian Belief Networks for selecting the best timing when mediating interruptions. An empirical study was conducted to empirically measure the qualitative gains of mediating interruptions compared to condition with no interruption control i.e., interruptions were presented immediately at random-generated points. The experimental results suggest that mediated coordination of interruption was effective in decreasing some disruptive effects of interruptions on a socioemotional level, such as: the feelings of frustration, distraction, annoyance and workload.
SINR threshold lower bound for SINR-based call admission control in CDMA networks with imperfect power control

Signal to interference plus noise ratio (SINR)-based call admission control schemes admit calls as long as SINR is higher than a threshold value (SINR/sub th/). Setting a relatively low SINR/sub th/ results in more users admitted into the system and this in turn yields an increased outage probability (P/sub out/). Hence, determining the lower bound of SINR/sub th/ (SINR/sub th/spl I.bar/lb/) is vital to keep P/sub out/ below a maximum value, P/sub out/spl I.bar/max/x. In this letter, we derive SINR/sub th/spl I.bar/lb/ in the reverse link of CDMA systems with imperfect power control by finding the relationship between P/sub out/ (due to power control infeasibility and SINR fluctuation) and SINR/sub th/. Then, SINR/sub th/spl I.bar/lb/ is determined as the lowest SINR/sub th/ that keeps P/sub out/ below a certain P/sub out/spl I.bar/max/.
Energy-efficient PCF operation of IEEE 802.11a wireless LAN

In this paper, we demonstrate the energy-efficient point coordination function (PCF) operation of IEEE 802.11a wireless LAN (WLAN) via both transmit power control (TPC) and physical layer (PHY) rate adaptation. First, we derive the energy-consumption performance analytically for uplink data transmissions under the PCF. From the evaluation results, we observe that significant energy savings can be achieved by combining TPC with adaptive PHY rate selection. A key requirement for a transmitter to select the most energy-efficient combination of transmit power level and PHY rate is the knowledge of the path loss between the receiver and itself. We present a novel scheme for accurate path loss estimation in 802.11 WLAN. Results and conclusions presented in this paper can serve as a valuable guidance or reference for the design of future 5 GHz 802.11 WLAN systems.
Canals under sediment-based ice sheets

Abstract Classical theories of channelized subglacial drainage identify a melting vs creep balance at the channel-ice boundary that is crucial in determining its steady flow properties, but this consideration neglects the role of erodible-deformable basal sediments, especially in controlling channel morphology. Here we present a mathematical model for channel/underneath ice sheets, which incorporates the detailed mechanics of sediment transport over a mobile till-bed interface, and which allows a variable, wide channel cross section also. The resulting drainage conditions depend on the sediment flux (q) as well as the water flux (Q) through the channel - these quantities being controlled by the rates at which sediment and meltwater are captured by the flow. An approximate analytical solution indicates a "canal"-type drainage law (Walder and Fowler, 1994) of the form where N2 is thε effective channel pτessUτe, n is the exponent in Glen’s flow law for ice, and Ψ is the imposed hydraulic gradient (due to topography). By solving the downstream problem numerically, the canal characteristic has been confirmed and found to be insensitive to upstream conditions. Thus, low effective pressures can result from high basal water flux or melt rates. This supports the contention that canals may be a central component in fast ice flow over soft beds The proposed model also establishes a fundamental link between the plumbing system of a glacier and its sediment budget.
Diagnostic reliability of prebioptic methods in the prediction of a histological basis of cervical lesions and its correlation with accuracy of colposcopically directed biopsy in patients with cervical neoplasia.

OBJECTIVE High incidence of cervical cancer in the Czech Republic leads us to look for an optimal model of screening. The evaluation of the realiability of prebiopsy (cytology and colposcopy) and of punch biopsy is an important diagnostic step. MATERIAL AND METHODS In a prospective study we examined 308 women detected by cytological screening who afterwards underwent surgery for a cervical lesion. Punch biopsy before the operation, most frequently by conization, was performed in every patient after assessing the prebioptic prediction (colposcopy and cytology). RESULTS Reliable cytological screening associated with good colposcopy permits a correct diagnosis with high reliability. The rate of errors which increase the risk (threatening of health or the life of women) was 2.9% by prebioptic methods (high reliability) and 4.4% by punch biopsy. CONCLUSION These good results are achieved in centers led by trained physicians and experts in cytology and skilled in colposcopy.
A novel mtDNA mutation in the ND5 subunit of complex I in two MELAS patients

We identified a novel heteroplasmic mutation in the mitochodrial DNA gene encoding the ND5 subunit of complex I. This mutation (13514A→G) hits the same codon affected by a previously reported mitochondrial encephalomyopathy, lactic acidosis, and strokelike episodes (MELAS)‐associated mutation (13513G→A), but the amino acid replacement is different (D393G vs D393N). The 13514A→G mutation was found in two unrelated MELAS‐like patients. However, in contrast to typical MELAS, lactic acidosis was absent or mild and the muscle biopsy was morphologically normal. Strongly positive correlation between the percentage of heteroplasmy and defective activity of complex I was found in cybrids. We found an additional 13513G→A‐positive case, affected by a progressive mitochondrial encephalomyopathy. Our results clearly demonstrate that the amino acid position D393 is crucial for the function of complex I. Search for D393 mutations should be part of the routine screening for mitochondrial disorders. Ann Neurol 2001;49:106–110
Observations on electromagnetic bias in radar altimeter sea surface measurements

Because the relative radar cross section of the sea surface increases below mean sea level and decreases above it, the range measurements of satellite radar altimeters are biased toward the wave troughs. Published and unpublished direct measurements of this electromagnetic (EM) bias are examined as well as the predictions of theoretical developments. The EM bias is predominantly a function of the radar frequency used, averaging 1.2 percent of the wave height of Ka band and 3.3 percent of the wave height at X band. The airborne measurements present a consistent picture of the variation of the relative radar cross section as a function of deviation from mean sea level. A technique to measure EM bias at the Ku and C band operating frequencies of the Topex satellite altimeter is described.
Classifying Korean comparative sentences for comparison analysis

Abstract Comparisons sort objects based on their superiority or inferiority and they may have major effects on a variety of evaluation processes. The Web facilitates qualitative and quantitative comparisons via online debates, discussion forums, product comparison sites, etc., and comparison analysis is becoming increasingly useful in many application areas. This study develops a method for classifying sentences in Korean text documents into several different comparative types to facilitate their analysis. We divide our study into two tasks: (1) extracting comparative sentences from text documents and (2) classifying comparative sentences into seven types. In the first task, we investigate many actual comparative sentences by referring to previous studies and construct a lexicon of comparisons. Sentences that contain elements from the lexicon are regarded as comparative sentence candidates. Next, we use machine learning techniques to eliminate non-comparative sentences from the candidates. In the second task, we roughly classify the comparative sentences using keywords and use a transformation-based learning method to correct initial classification errors. Experimental results show that our method could be suitable for practical use. We obtained an F1-score of 90.23% in the first task, an accuracy of 81.67% in the second task, and an overall accuracy of 88.59% for the integrated system with both tasks.
Android malware detection: An eigenspace analysis approach

The battle to mitigate Android malware has become more critical with the emergence of new strains incorporating increasingly sophisticated evasion techniques, in turn necessitating more advanced detection capabilities. Hence, in this paper we propose and evaluate a machine learning based approach based on eigenspace analysis for Android malware detection using features derived from static analysis characterization of Android applications. Empirical evaluation with a dataset of real malware and benign samples show that detection rate of over 96% with a very low false positive rate is achievable using the proposed method.