Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Endothelial Dysfunction and Inflammation: Immunity in Rheumatoid Arthritis

Inflammation, as a feature of rheumatoid arthritis (RA), leads to the activation of endothelial cells (ECs). Activated ECs induce atherosclerosis through an increased expression of leukocyte adhesion molecules. Endothelial dysfunction (ED) is recognized as a failure of endothelial repair mechanisms. It is also an early preclinical marker of atherosclerosis and is commonly found in RA patients. RA is now established as an independent cardiovascular risk factor, while mechanistic determinants of ED in RA are still poorly understood. An expanding body of study has shown that EC at a site of RA is both active participant and regulator of inflammatory process. Over the last decade, a role for endothelial dysfunction in RA associated with cardiovascular disease (CVD) has been hypothesized. At the same time, several maintenance drugs targeting this phenomenon have been tested, which has promising results. Assessment of endothelial function may be a useful tool to identify and monitor RA patients.
Giant cell tumour of bone.

The cases referred to in this paper are derived from the Bristol Bone Tumour Registry, and they are gathered from a number of separate orthopaedic and radiotherapeutic centres. For this reason the methods of treatment used have differed from case to case so that we have no considerable number treated by any constant method and cannot produce anything very significant in the way of statistics. We can, however, produce examples of a certain variety of techniques. The giant cell tumours referred to are all osteoclastomata. So far as is possible, the Registry has excluded variants such as aneurysmal bone cyst, fibrous dysplasia, chondroblastoma, etc. Like many other tumours, osteoclastoma should be graded for malignancy. We have followed the method described by Lichstenstein, who places the tumours into three grades judged by the microscopic morphological appearances. The grade 3 tumours are the most malignant and should, in my opinion, be treated from the outset as sarcomata. They include the tumours which m.
Strategic L2 lexical innovation: case study of a university-level ab initio learner of German

The article is a case study of one learner's use of lexical innovation. She is a university-level ab initio learner of German, and a subject in the Trinity College, Dublin, Modern Languages Research Project. In the target language production tasks performed over a two-year period, she exhibits a particular tendency towards lexical innovation as a strategy to cope with lack of TL lexical knowledge. From her introspective reports there is evidence to suggest that this type of strategic behaviour is related to her conscious approach towards vocabulary learning.
Development of Cognitive and Affective Trust in Teams

The present research examines the development of two dimensions of trust, cognitive and affective, in student project teams over the course of a semester. Empirical examination of the evolution of multidimensional trust and its unique antecedents was explored. The results show that early trust emerges as a one-dimensional factor early in the life span of a team; cognitive and affective trust emerge as separate components over time; unique and distinct predictors positively and negatively affect early trust, cognitive trust, and affective trust; and affective trust has a stronger positive relationship with team performance than cognitive trust.
Time course of conscious and unconscious semantic brain activation

Event-related brain potentials (ERPs) were used to investigate the neurophysiological correlates of conscious and unconscious semantic processing. Masked words, which do not enter consciousness, as well as visible words, were shown to modulate the N400 ERP potential to subsequently presented, meaningfully related target words. The N400 is known as an electrophysiological index of semantic processing. However, for unconsciously perceived words semantic brain activation decays fast within 200 ms, but increases with time for consciously perceived words. Thus, conscious and unconscious semantic activation involves similar brain areas, but both forms of processes exhibit distinct, qualitatively different time courses.
Comparison of phosphorylation of two polyoma virus middle T antigens in vivo and in vitro

Two species of polyoma virus middle T antigen were detected in both lytically infected and transformed cells by in vitro kinase assay of immunoprecipitates. A minor species with an apparent molecular weight of 58,000 (58K) represented less than 10% of the total middle T protein. This species was roughly 10 times more active as a phosphate acceptor than was the predominant 56K form. Partial proteolytic mapping experiments showed that the same site was phosphorylated in both species. Mapping of the middle T antigens from a series of deletion mutants suggested that the major site of phosphorylation is tyrosine residue 315. Phosphorylation occurred on both middle T species in vivo, involving sites predominantly other than the tyrosine labeled in vitro. The 56K and 58K middle T forms differed from each other in their in vivo phosphorylation patterns. Some phosphate was incorporated into the 58K species in a region of the molecule to which at least part of the apparent molecular weight different could be mapped. hr-t mutant NG-59, which codes for a slightly altered middle T, produced only a single species (56K) which was inactive in the in vitro kinase reaction. Moreover, no 58K species appeared in vivo with this mutant. hr-t mutants are therefore defective in both aspects of phosphorylation. Phenotypically normal revertant cells of a polyoma transformed line failed to express any middle T antigens or associated kinase activity.
Neural correlates of hyperalgesia in the monosodium iodoacetate model of osteoarthritis pain

Background The mechanisms driving osteoarthritic pain remain poorly understood, but there is increasing evidence for a role of the central nervous system in the chronification of pain. We used functional magnetic resonance imaging to investigate the influence of a model of unilateral knee osteoarthritis on nociceptive processing. Results Four to five weeks post intra-articular injection of monosodium iodoacetate (MIA, 1 mg) into the left knee, Sprague Dawley rats were anesthetized for functional magnetic resonance imaging studies to characterize the neural response to a noxious stimulus (intra-articular capsaicin injection). In a two-arm cross-over design, 5 µM/50 µl capsaicin was injected into either the left knee (n = 8, CAPS-MIA) or right control knee (n = 8, CAPS-CON), preceded by contralateral vehicle (SAL) injection. To assess neural correlates of mechanical hyperalgesia, hindpaws were stimulated with von Frey hairs (8 g: MIA; 15 g: control knee, based on behavioral withdrawal responses). The CAPS-MIA group exhibited significant activation of the periaqueductal gray, unilateral thalamus and bilateral mensencephalon, superior-colliculus, and hippocampus, with no significant activation in the other groups/conditions. Capsaicin injection increased functional connectivity in the mid-brain network and mediodorsal thalamic nucleus, hippocampus, and globus pallidus, which was significantly stronger in CAPS-MIA compared to CAPS-CON groups. Mechanical stimulation of the hyperalgesic (ipsilateral to MIA knee) and normalgesic (contralateral) hindpaws evoked qualitatively different brain activation with more widespread brainstem and anterior cingulate (ACC) activation when stimulating the hyperalgesic paw, and clearer frontal sensory activation from the normalgesic paw. Conclusions We provide evidence for modulation of nociceptive processing in a chronic knee osteoarthritis pain model with stronger brain activation and alteration of brain networks induced by the pro-nociceptive stimulus. We also report a shift to a medial pain activation pattern following stimulation of the hyperalgesic hindpaw. Taken together, our data support altered neural pain processing as a result of peripheral and central pain sensitization in this model.
FluidCheck

Soft errors have become a serious cause of concern with reducing feature sizes. The ability to accommodate complex, Simultaneous Multithreading (SMT) cores on a single chip presents a unique opportunity to achieve reliable execution, safe from soft errors, with low performance penalties. In this context, we present FluidCheck, a checker architecture that allows highly flexible assignment and migration of checking duties across cores. In this article, we present a mechanism to dynamically use the resources of SMT cores for checking the results of other threads, and propose a variety of heuristics for migration of such checker threads across cores. Secondly, to make the process of checking more efficient, we propose a set of architectural enhancements that reduce power consumption, decrease the length of the critical path, and reduce the load on the Network-on-Chip (NoC). Based on our observations, we design a 16 core system for running SPEC2006 based bag-of-tasks applications. Our experiments demonstrate that fully reliable execution can be attained with a mere 27% slowdown, surpassing traditional redundant threading based techniques by roughly 42%.
School Success and Cognitive Instruction for Students with ADHD

NOTICE TO NON-PROFESSIONALS The information contained in this newsletter is not intended as a substitute for consultation with health care professionals. In 2003, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, analyzing the National Survey of Children’s Health, found that approximately 4.4 million U.S. children between the ages of 4t and 17 had been given a diagnosis of ADHD. The American Psychological Association estimated that this number constitutes 3% to 5% of the school-aged population. To put it another way: in a typical classroom, it is likely that at least one student will have ADHD. The difficulties associated with ADHD are extensive. However, often unrecognized are the underachievement and school difficulties common among students with ADHD (DuPaul & Eckert, 1998). In comparison to their peers, children with ADHD are at a greater risk for academic and social failures within the school setting (Barkley, 2006). Additionally, children with either the primarily inattentive or combined type of ADHD have significant weaknesses on cognitive and achievement tests, lower grades, and need to use special education resources more often than their peers within the general population (Todd et al., 2002). In fact, it is estimated that the majority of children with ADHD have related school struggles. Students with ADHD have higher lifetime rates of dysfuncOur 20th Year—With Much Gratitude to Our Subscribers
El abuso de alcohol de los jóvenes en España

Si bien el consumo global de alcohol esta descendiendo en Espana, estamos asistiendo desde hace anos a un incremento del consumo de alcohol por parte de los jovenes en forma de borracheras o de consumos de alcohol concentrados en pocas horas para alcanzar un cierto nivel de embriaguez, lo que los anglosajones llaman ‘binge drinking’. La expresion mas tipica – aunque no unica- de este fenomeno es el botellon, que en realidad no es mas que una de las expresiones del consumo de alcohol a lo largo de los espacios recreativos nocturnos del fin de semana. Preocupa que junto con la posicion de liderazgo en el consumo de drogas ilegales en Europa, Espana este ademas incorporando tan rapidamente este patron de consumo de alcohol que no formaba parte de nuestras tradiciones. Sin embargo no parece que para la sociedad espanola estos asuntos sean una prioridad tal como lo confirman los estudios sociologicos o la forma en que se ha producido la retirada reciente de la ley que iba a regular el consumo de alcohol por los menores. Diversas cuestiones se deben tener en cuenta si queremos que la situacion actual revierta: el papel activo de las industrias alcoholera y recreativa, el papel globalmente pasivo de los profesionales del alcohol y las drogas en el debate publico, la falta de determinacion de las autoridades, el discurso mediatico, la dificultad que tiene el mundo adulto en posicionarse sobre estas conductas de riesgo,… No comenzar a actuar ahora, hara que todo sea mas dificil mas adelante.
Desmosomal Dysfunction due to Mutations in Desmoplakin Causes Arrhythmogenic Right Ventricular Dysplasia/Cardiomyopathy

Arrhythmogenic right ventricular dysplasia/cardiomyopathy (ARVD/C) is characterized by progressive degeneration of the right ventricular myocardium, ventricular arrhythmias, fibrous-fatty replacement, and increased risk of sudden death. Mutations in 6 genes, including 4 encoding desmosomal proteins (Junctional plakoglobin (JUP), Desmoplakin (DSP), Plakophilin 2, and Desmoglein 2), have been identified in patients with ARVD/C. Mutation analysis of 66 probands identified 4 variants in DSP; V30M, Q90R, W233X, and R2834H. To establish a cause and effect relationship between those DSP missense mutations and ARVD/C, we performed in vitro and in vivo analyses of the mutated proteins. Unlike wild-type (WT) DSP, the N-terminal mutants (V30M and Q90R) failed to localize to the cell membrane in desomosome-forming cell line and failed to bind to and coimmunoprecipitate JUP. Multiple attempts to generate N-terminal DSP (V30M and Q90R) cardiac-specific transgenes have failed: analysis of embryos revealed evidence of profound ventricular dilation, which likely resulted in embryonic lethality. We were able to develop transgenic (Tg) mice with cardiac-restricted overexpression of the C-terminal mutant (R2834H) or WT DSP. Whereas mice overexpressing WT DSP had no detectable histologic, morphological, or functional cardiac changes, the R2834H-Tg mice had increased cardiomyocyte apoptosis, cardiac fibrosis, and lipid accumulation, along with ventricular enlargement and cardiac dysfunction in both ventricles. These mice also displayed interruption of DSP-desmin interaction at intercalated discs (IDs) and marked ultra-structural changes of IDs. These data suggest DSP expression in cardiomyocytes is crucial for maintaining cardiac tissue integrity, and DSP abnormalities result in ARVD/C by cardiomyocyte death, changes in lipid metabolism, and defects in cardiac development.
Risk factors for childhood overweight: a 30-month longitudinal study of 3- to 6-year-old children

Abstract Objective The increasing prevalence of childhood overweight is an important health issue. There is a need for longitudinal research among children in order to identify risk factors for childhood overweight. The objective of the present research was to identify potential sociodemographic and behavioural risk factors for development of childhood overweight among 3- to 6-year-old children. Design Longitudinal study. Setting Sixteen pre-primary and primary schools. Subjects BMI Z-scores at baseline and two follow-up measurements were calculated for 568 children. Sociodemographic, parental adiposity, familial composition, child's diet, physical activity and sedentary behavioural data were collected through questionnaires. Results Several risk factors for the development of childhood overweight were found. Being an only child, lower maternal educational level, maternal and paternal overweight, more than 1 h screen time on weekdays and high soft drinks consumption were shown to be positively associated with the development of childhood overweight. Conclusions Although behavioural factors are important, our findings support the thesis that interventions on the prevention of childhood overweight should focus on high-risk groups, i.e. children from low socio-economic background or with high parental BMI. Interventions should address the whole family and take into account their lifestyle and structure.
Reintegrating Braithwaite: Shame and Consensus in Criminological Theory

Crime, Shame and Reintegration presents a general theory of criminal behavior and social control based on a novel conception of shaming. Although it is steeped in classic criminological theory, Braithwaite's treatment of crime, law, and justice has a bracing freshness. The author's broad strokes paint an enormous area-an integrated general theory of crimein remarkably short order. Braithwaite's optimism, his adroit application of well-established theories and concepts, and his abiding concern for the good have drawn deserved praise from many quarters. ' As a student growing restless with the classics, I found Braithwaite's creative affirmation of learning, labeling, opportunity, and bonding theories to be inspiring. As one unconvinced by previous attempts to combine or "integrate" these theories, I was struck by his ability to meaningfully assemble each of them around a single unifying concept.2 Yet this unifying vision at the model's core, the provocative concept of reintegrative sham-
A Method for the Solution of the Nth Best Path Problem

A. Definition of a Network. By a network, in this paper, we mean a connected linear graph consisting of points called nodes and directed line segments joining pairs of nodes called links. Associated with each link is a positive real number called the value of the link. Let the variable s with range s = 1, 2, . , n designate the links in the network; let the variable p with range p = 1, 2, • • • , m designate the nodes of the network. Since the links are directed line segments, each link has an initial node and a terminal node. For a given link s let i (s) designate its initial node and t(s) designate its termina! node; let v(s) denote its value. I t is clear, then, tha t a network is completely specified by a tabulat ion of its links which gives, for each link
The Purpose of Comparative Education

These two questions are basic to any serious discussion of our discipline; yet many workers and writers in our field continue to ignore them in practice. To improve the quality of research and teaching in Comparative Education, they try to determine in advance what data may be relevant, what methods may most tellingly reveal them, and how to set their findings forth. Important though these aids to scientific treatment may be, they miss the whole point if we specialists fail to decide realistically what we are setting out to do. Provided we are fairly clear about that, appropriate methods and relevant data may show themselves as we proceed. To decide where and how we can use Comparative Education, we must first take stock of our present position. We are facing the last third of the twentieth century. That is the most important thing to consider. Whatever Comparative Education has been in the past, it is now called upon to play a variety of roles in a series of new situations. Indeed, education as a whole has had its prospects quite altered during the postwar period. We now have to deal with a public instrument used for the maximum instruction and entire education of whole populations, and one which is deliberately used for the long-term planning of social, economic and national relationships. The very materials studied by Comparative Education are thus transformed already; and the dynamic of future continuing change is already built into the situation in which we study those materials. Therefore to study and use Comparative Education in pre-war terms (or yesterday's terms) is an anachronism. In order to give greater precision to our activities in Comparative Education we may as well begin by making another distinction. We may distinguish between the academic and the scientific study of our subject. In some languages this distinction is not easy (and perhaps the separation of the two ideas should not always be made in those languages where they can be distinguished, for both elements are often interdependent); but at this critical turning for Comparative Education we should try to make clear whether we are devoting ourselves to a mainly academic study in libraries and classrooms, or to one which is closely related to the other social sciences. These are applied sciences. If we do not pay proper attention to this latter aspect of Comparative Education as a social science, other people will. They may not then call their work Comparative Education, but will nevertheless work over our proper concerns without benefit of our insights. Alternatively, they may claim that their activities are 'genuine' comparative studies-not only as elements of statecraft but as proper academic disciplines in universities. It is then only one step to saying that Comparative Education not merely does not belong to the constructive social sciences, but does not even belong to the genuine academic disciplines
LLLT Effects on Oral Keratinocytes in an Organotypic 3D Model

Several in vitro studies evaluated the cellular and molecular events related to interactions between phototherapy and target tissues, including oral keratinocytes and fibroblasts, providing elucidative data about phototherapy‐induced healing. However, these interactions were limited to the application of a bidimensional cell culture model of oral mucosal cells. Thus, thisstudy evaluated the use of an organotypic oral epithelium model to elucidate the morphological and phenotypic responses of cells subjected to low‐level laser therapy (LLLT). Oral keratinocytes were seeded in the ex vivo‐produced oral mucosal equivalent (EVPOME) model, with a porcine acellular dermal matrix. LLLT was applied by means of the LaserTABLE device (780 nm, 25 mW) at 0.5, 1.5 and 3 J cm−2. After three irradiations, morphology, proliferation and gene expression of growth factors were assessed. LLLT and control groups presented similar morphological features, characterized by the formation of a stratified, differentiated and keratinized epithelium. LLLT enhanced the cell proliferation and gene expression of keratinocytes (hKGF) as well as epidermal (hEGF) growth factors. In general, analysis of these data shows that the three‐dimensional cell culture model can be applied for phototherapy studies and that the positive effects of LLLT were confirmed by the use of an organotypic model.
Primary structure of the alcelaphine herpesvirus 1 genome

Alcelaphine herpesvirus 1 (AHV-1) causes wildebeest-associated malignant catarrhal fever, a lymphoproliferative syndrome in ungulate species other than the natural host. Based on biological properties and limited structural data, it has been classified as a member of the genus Rhadinovirus of the subfamily Gammaherpes-virinae. Here, we report on cloning and structural analysis of the complete genome of AHV-1 C500. The low GC content DNA (L-DNA) region of the genome consists of 130,608 bp with low (46.17%) GC content and marked suppression of CpG dinucleotide frequency. Like in herpesvirus saimiri, the prototype of the rhadinoviruses, the L-DNA is flanked by approximately 20 to 25 GC-rich (71.83%) high GC content DNA (H-DNA) repeats of 1,113 to 1,118 nucleotides. The analysis of the L-DNA sequence revealed 70 open reading frames (ORFs), 61 of which showed homology to other herpesviruses. The conserved ORFs are arranged in four blocks collinear to other Rhadinovirus genomes. These gene blocks are flanked by nonconserved regions containing ORFs without similarities to known herpesvirus genes. Notably, a spliced reading frame with a coding capacity for a 199-amino-acid protein is located in a position homologous to the transforming genes of herpesvirus saimiri at the left end of the L-DNA. A gene with homology to the semaphorin family is located adjacent to this. Despite common biological and epidemiological properties, AHV-1 differs significantly from herpesvirus saimiri with regard to cell homologous genes, probably using a different set of effector proteins to achieve a similar T-lymphocyte-transforming phenotype.