Low-Cost Integrated Waveguide Antenna Front-End Solutions for Fifth Generation Cellular Systems and Beyond

RESUME : A ondes millimetriques (ou simplement mm - ondes) reseaux d'antennes avec un seul polarisation lineaire (LP ) , double polarisation lineaire ( DLP ) et double polarisation circulaire ( DCP) caracteristiques sont largement utilises pour de nombreuses applications , il y compris la communication de donnees sans fil , capteurs radar , passive imagerie , la recuperation d'energie et les systemes de radiocommunication cognitifs . Parmi les differents types de structure d'alimentation , guide d'ondes presente un excellent candidat pour mettre en oeuvre des reseaux d'alimentation a faible perte et gain eleve reseaux d'antennes sur la plage de frequence a ondes millimetriques . Ces antennes a base de guide d'ondes - ont ete presentant d'excellentes caracteristiques de rayonnement , mais ils ne sont pas faciles a integrer avec des composants actifs . A la frequence a ondes millimetriques , SIW ( substrat de guide d'ondes integre ) est un candidat exceptionnel emergents a mettre en oeuvre une faible perte et des reseaux d'alimentation a faible cout. Antenne SIW - alimente est capable de produire l'efficacite de rayonnement a haute et le comportement d'impedance a large bande . Dans cette these , la technologie de transmission alimentation SIW est choisi pour mettre en oeuvre des reseaux electriques et de phase de distribution pour realiser une grande efficacite antenne extremites avant. Les principales contributions scientifiques et techniques peuvent etre resumees en deux parties . Dans la premiere partie , des solutions pour les ouvertures rayonnantes efficacement ont ete proposes tels que gain eleve reseaux d'antennes LP , DLP reseaux d'antennes et DCP reseaux d'antennes . Le choix de l'element rayonnant avec d'excellentes caracteristiques de rayonnement est vital dans la realisation de gain eleve reseau d'antennes et reseaux phases, electroniquement orientables . Dans la deuxieme partie , de nouvelles techniques ont ete proposees pour diriger le faisceau fixe dans des directions multiples en elevation et azimut en utilisant le reseau de decalage de phase passive. ----------ABSTRACT Millimeter-wave (or simply mm-wave) antenna arrays with single linear polarization (LP), dual linear polarization (DLP) and dual circular polarization (DCP) characteristics are widely being used for numerous applications including wireless data communication, radar sensors, passive imaging, energy harvesting and cognitive radio systems. Among different types of feeding structure, waveguide presents an excellent candidate to implement low-loss feeding networks and high-gain antenna arrays over mm-wave frequency range. Those waveguide-based antennas have been exhibiting excellent radiation characteristics, but they are not easy to integrate with active components. At mm-wave frequency, SIW (substrate integrated waveguide) is an emerging outstanding candidate to implement low loss and low cost feeding networks. SIW-fed antenna is able to yield high radiation efficiency and broadband impedance behavior. In this thesis, SIW feeding transmission technology is chosen to implement power and phase distributing networks for realizing high efficiency antenna front ends. The main scientific and technical contributions can be summarized into two parts. In the first part, solutions for efficiently radiating apertures have been proposed such as high gain LP antenna arrays, DLP antenna arrays and DCP antenna arrays. The radiating element choice with excellent radiation characteristics is vital in realising high gain antenna array and electronically steerable phased arrays. In the second part, new techniques have been proposed to steer the fixed beam into multiple directions in elevation and azimuth utilizing passive phase shifting network. At 60 GHz frequency, dielectric rod antenna is selected for linearly polarized radiation and cavity backed metallic circular patch antenna is selected to obtain circular polarization radiation. Single rod antenna element is experimentally characterized to validate the proposed concept. In the next stage, high gain antenna array with 45o linear polarization utilizing rod antenna radiating element is demonstrated and feeding implemented in three dimensional (3-D) architecture is integrated along with the 4 x 4 antenna array. The data handling capability of single polarization antenna array is increased up to two fold by integrating two orthogonal polarized antenna arrays with an aperture area of one single polarized array.