Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Comparison of the induction characteristics of thiopentone and propofol in children.

The induction characteristics of propofol 2.0-2.5 mg kg-1 were compared with those of thiopentone 4-5 mg kg-1 in 60 fit children aged between 3 and 16 yr. All patients received i.m. premedication with papaveretum 0.4 mg kg-1 (maximum dose 15 mg) and hyoscine 0.008 mg kg-1 (maximum dose 0.3 mg). Seven children (24%) complained of pain after injection with propofol, compared with three (10%) after thiopentone. No child in either group complained of severe pain. Excitatory effects were observed in 10 children (33%) receiving propofol as opposed to five children (16%) after thiopentone, but these were transient and minor and all occurred after completion of injection. Apnoea lasting longer than 30 s occurred in only four children (13%) in each group despite the use of opioid premedication. The mean duration of apnoea was similar in both groups. Propofol caused greater decreases in arterial pressures (systolic, diastolic, mean) than thiopentone, but only the difference in systolic arterial pressure achieved significance. There was a significant difference in heart rate, which did not change after propofol, but increased with thiopentone. The overall quality of induction was assessed as being good in all children receiving thiopentone compared with 20 (66%) of those receiving propofol.
An Algorithm for In-Flight Spectral Calibration of Imaging Spectrometers

Accurate spectral calibration of satellite and airborne spectrometers is essential for remote sensing applications that rely on accurate knowledge of center wavelength (CW) positions and slit function parameters (SFP). We present a new in-flight spectral calibration algorithm that retrieves CWs and SFPs across a wide spectral range by fitting a high-resolution solar spectrum and atmospheric absorbers to in-flight radiance spectra. Using a maximum a posteriori optimal estimation approach, the quality of the fit can be improved with a priori information. The algorithm was tested with synthetic spectra and applied to data from the APEX imaging spectrometer over the spectral range of 385–870 nm. CWs were retrieved with high accuracy (uncertainty <0.05 spectral pixels) from Fraunhofer lines below 550 nm and atmospheric absorbers above 650 nm. This enabled a detailed characterization of APEX’s across-track spectral smile and a previously unknown along-track drift. The FWHMs of the slit function were also retrieved with good accuracy (<10% uncertainty) for synthetic spectra, while some obvious misfits appear for the APEX spectra that are likely related to radiometric calibration issues. In conclusion, our algorithm significantly improves the in-flight spectral calibration of APEX and similar spectrometers, making them better suited for the retrieval of atmospheric and surface variables relying on accurate calibration.
Autoinhibition of Bacteriophage T 4 Mre 11 by Its C-terminal Domain *

Mre11 and Rad50 form a stable complex (MR) and work cooperatively in repairing DNA double strand breaks. In the bacteriophage T4, Rad50 (gene product 46) enhances the nuclease activity of Mre11 (gene product 47), and Mre11 and DNA in combination stimulate the ATPase activity of Rad50. The structural basis for the cross-activation of the MR complex has been elusive. Various crystal structures of the MR complex display limited protein-protein interfaces that mainly exist between the C terminus of Mre11 and the coiled-coil domain of Rad50. To test the role of the C-terminal Rad50 binding domain (RBD) in Mre11 activation, we constructed a series of C-terminal deletions and mutations in bacteriophage T4 Mre11. Deletion of the RBD in Mre11 eliminates Rad50 binding but only has moderate effect on its intrinsic nuclease activity; however, the additional deletion of the highly acidic flexible linker that lies between RBD and the main body of Mre11 increases the nuclease activity of Mre11 by 20-fold. Replacement of the acidic residues in the flexible linker with alanine elevates the Mre11 activity to the level of the MR complex when combined with deletion of RBD. Nuclease activity kinetics indicate that Rad50 association and deletion of the C terminus of Mre11 both enhance DNA substrate binding. Additionally, a short peptide that contains the flexible linker and RBD of Mre11 acts as an inhibitor of Mre11 nuclease activity. These results support a model where the Mre11 RBD and linker domain act as an autoinhibitory domain when not in complex with Rad50. Complex formation with Rad50 alleviates this inhibition due to the tight association of the RBD and the Rad50 coiled-coil.
Spatial super-resolution in coded aperturebased optical compressive hyperspectral imaging systems

The Coded Aperture Snapshot Spectral Imaging system (CASSI) is a remarkable optical imaging architecture, which senses the spectral information of a three dimensional scene by using two-dimensional coded focal plane array (FPA) projections. The projections in CASSI are localized such that each measurement contains spectral information only from a specific spatial region of the data cube. Spatial resolution in CASSI is highly dependent on the resolution the FPA detector exhibits; hence, high-resolution images require high-resolution detectors that demand high costs. To overcome this problem, in this paper is proposed an optical model for spatial superresolution imaging called SR-CASSI. Spatial super-resolution is attained as an inverse problem from a set of low-resolution coded measurements by using a compressive sensing (CS) reconstruction algorithm. This model allows the reconstruction of spatially super-resolved hyper-spectral data cubes, where the spatial resolution is significantly enhanced. Simulation results show an improvement of up to 8 dB in PSNR when the proposed model is used.
An inexpensive monocular vision system for tracking humans in industrial environments

We report on a novel vision-based method for reliable human detection from vehicles operating in industrial environments in the vicinity of workers. By exploiting the fact that reflective vests represent a standard safety equipment on most industrial worksites, we use a single camera system and active IR illumination to detect humans by identifying the reflective vest markers. Adopting a sparse feature based approach, we classify vest markers against other reflective material and perform supervised learning of the object distance based on local image descriptors. The integration of the resulting per-feature 3D position estimates in a particle filter finally allows to perform human tracking in conditions ranging from broad daylight to complete darkness.
A Neural Correlate of the Processing of Multi-Second Time Intervals in Primate Prefrontal Cortex

Several areas of the brain are known to participate in temporal processing. Neurons in the prefrontal cortex (PFC) are thought to contribute to perception of time intervals. However, it remains unclear whether the PFC itself can generate time intervals independently of external stimuli. Here we describe a group of PFC neurons in area 9 that became active when monkeys recognized a particular elapsed time within the range of 1–7 seconds. Another group of area 9 neurons became active only when subjects reproduced a specific interval without external cues. Both types of neurons were individually tuned to recognize or reproduce particular intervals. Moreover, the injection of muscimol, a GABA agonist, into this area bilaterally resulted in an increase in the error rate during time interval reproduction. These results suggest that area 9 may process multi-second intervals not only in perceptual recognition, but also in internal generation of time intervals.
On dual versions of Krull's intersection theorem

Throughout this paper R will denote a commutative ring with an identity. Let R be a Noetherian ring and let I be an ideal of R. A well known version of Krull’s intersection Theorem states that if M is a finitely generated R-module and if L = ∩i=1IM , then L = IL. Another version of this Theorem says that if R is a domain and I is a proper ideal of R, ∩i=1I = 0. In this paper we state and prove the dual versions of the above mentioned results (see 3.1, 3.2, 3.5, and 3.6).
Genes in Streams: Using DNA to Understand the Movement of Freshwater Fauna and Their Riverine Habitat

Today, decisions regarding the management and conservation of populations are often informed to some degree by population genetics. A fundamental measure sought by decisionmakers is the degree of connectivity between populations, which, when approached from a genetic perspective, may be influenced by many factors, making it difficult to generalize across taxa, habitats, or life histories. In the case of freshwater-limited fauna, the shared constraint of habitat structure (e.g., a dendritic stream network) imposed on all species in the system simplifies the task. A number of models have been proposed that predict how populations of taxa with different life-history traits and dispersal capabilities interact within structured freshwater habitats of this kind. In this article, we summarize these models and illustrate the general patterns of phylogeographic structure expected to occur under different scenarios of freshwater population connectivity. Additionally, we describe how the genetic structure of stream inhabitants can reflect historical changes in the physical structure of streams and thus open a window on past patterns of connectivity. A greater understanding of these concepts will contribute to an improved multidisciplinary approach to managing freshwater ecosystems.
Run-time adaptive performance compensation using on-chip sensors

This paper discusses run-time adaptive performance control with on-chip sensors that predict timing errors. The sensors embedded into functional circuits capture delay variations due to not only die-to-die process variation but also random process variation, environmental fluctuation and aging. By compensating circuit performance according to the sensor outputs, we can overcome PVT worst-case design and reduce power dissipation while satisfying circuit performance. We applied the adaptive speed control to subthreshold circuits that are very sensitive to random variation and environmental fluctuation. Measurement results of a 65nm test chip show that the adaptive speed control can compensate PVT variations and improve energy efficiency by up to 46% compared to the worst-case design and operation with guardbanding.
Black–White Latino Racial Disparities in HIV Survival, Florida, 2000–2011

This research aimed to estimate Black/White racial disparities in all-cause mortality risk among HIV-positive Latinos. Florida surveillance data for Latinos diagnosed with HIV (2000–2008) were merged with 2007–2011 American Community Survey data. Crude and adjusted hazard ratios (aHR) were calculated using multi-level Cox regression. Of 10,903 HIV-positive Latinos, 8.2% were Black and 91.9% White. Black Latinos were at increased mortality risk compared with White Latinos after controlling for individual and neighborhood factors (aHR 1.40, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.21–1.62). In stratified analyses, risk factors for Black Latinos included: age ≥60 years compared with ages 13–19 (aHR 4.63, 95% CI 1.32–16.13); US birth compared with foreign birth (aHR 1.56, 95% CI 1.16–2.11); diagnosis of AIDS within three months of HIV diagnosis (aHR 3.53, 95% CI 2.64–4.74); residence in the 3rd (aHR 1.82, 95% CI 1.13–2.94) and 4th highest quartiles (aHR 1.79, 95% CI 1.12–2.86) of neighborhood poverty compared with the lowest quartile; and residence in neighborhood with 25%–49% (aHR 1.59, 95% CI 1.07–2.42) and ≥50% Latinos compared with <25% Latinos (aHR 1.58, 95% CI 1.03–2.42). Significant racial disparities in HIV survival exist among Latinos. Differential access to—and quality of—care and perceived/experienced racial discrimination may be possible explanations.
1 Network Medicine and Alzheimer ’ s Disease Therapy 2

Juliet T. Jarrell 1, Li Gao 2, David S. Cohen 1 and Xudong Huang 1,* 3 1 Neurochemistry Laboratory, Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard 4 Medical School, Charlestown, MA 02129, USA; 5 2 Modern Research Center for Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, China. 6 * Correspondence: Huang.Xudong@mgh.harvard. edu; Tel. +001-617-724-9778 7 8 9 Abstract: Alzheimer’s Disease (AD) is a neurodegenerative condition that currently has no known 10 cure. The principles of the expanding field of network medicine (NM) have recently been applied to 11 AD research. The main principle of NM proposes that diseases are much more complicated than one 12 mutation in one gene, and incorporate different genes, connections between genes, and pathways 13 that may include multiple diseases to create full scale disease networks. AD research findings as a 14 result of the application of NM principles have suggested that functional network connectivity, 15 myelination, myeloid cells, and genes and pathways may play an integral role in AD progression, 16 and may be integral to the search for a cure. Different aspects of the AD pathology could be potential 17 targets for drug therapy to slow down or stop the disease from advancing, but more research is 18 needed to reach definitive conclusions. Additionally, the holistic approaches of network 19 pharmacology in traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) research may be viable options for the AD 20 treatment, and may lead to an effective cure for AD in the future. 21
Speciation in reverse: morphological and genetic evidence of the collapse of a three‐spined stickleback (Gasterosteus aculeatus) species pair

Historically, six small lakes in southwestern British Columbia each contained a sympatric species pair of three‐spined sticklebacks (Gasterosteus aculeatus). These pairs consisted of a ‘benthic’ and ‘limnetic’ species that had arisen postglacially and, in four of the lakes, independently. Sympatric sticklebacks are considered biological species because they are morphologically, ecologically and genetically distinct and because they are strongly reproductively isolated from one another. The restricted range of the species pairs places them at risk of extinction, and one of the pairs has gone extinct after the introduction of an exotic catfish. In another lake, Enos Lake, southeastern Vancouver Island, an earlier report suggested that its species pair is at risk from elevated levels of hybridization. We conducted a detailed morphological analysis, as well as genetic analysis of variation at five microsatellite loci for samples spanning a time frame of 1977 to 2002 to test the hypothesis that the pair in Enos Lake is collapsing into a hybrid swarm. Our morphological analysis showed a clear breakdown between benthics and limnetics. Bayesian model‐based clustering indicated that two morphological clusters were evident in 1977 and 1988, which were replaced by 1997 by a single highly variable cluster. The most recent 2000 and 2002 samples confirm the breakdown. Microsatellite analysis corroborated the morphological results. Bayesian analyses of population structure in a sample collected in 1994 indicated two genetically distinct populations in Enos Lake, but only a single genetic population was evident in 1997, 2000, and 2002. In addition, genetic analyses of samples collected in 1997, 2000, and 2002 showed strong signals of ‘hybrids’; they were genetically intermediate to parental genotypes. Our results support the idea that the Enos Lake species pair is collapsing into a hybrid swarm. Although the precise mechanism(s) responsible for elevated hybridization in the lake is unknown, the demise of the Enos Lake species pair follows the appearance of an exotic crayfish, Pascifasticus lenisculus, in the early 1990s.
Nanostructuring of β-MnO2: The Important Role of Surface to Bulk Ion Migration

Manganese oxide materials are attracting considerable interest for clean energy storage applications such as rechargeable Li ion and Li−air batteries and electrochemical capacitors. The electrochemical behavior of nanostructured mesoporous β-MnO2 is in sharp constrast to the bulk crystalline system, which can intercalate little or no lithium; this is not fully understood on the atomic scale. Here, the electrochemical properties of β-MnO2 are investigated using density functional theory with Hubbard U corrections (DFT+U). We find good agreement between the measured experimental voltage, 3.0 V, and our calculated value of 3.2 V. We consider the pathways for lithium migration and find a small barrier of 0.17 eV for bulk β-MnO2, which is likely to contribute to its good performance as a lithium intercalation cathode in the mesoporous form. However, by explicit calculation of surface to bulk ion migration, we find a higher barrier of >0.6 eV for lithium insertion at the (101) surface that dominates the equilibrium morphology. This is likely to limit the practical use of bulk samples, and demonstrates the quantitative importance of surface to bulk ion migration in Li ion cathodes and supercapacitors. On the basis of the calculation of the electrostatic potential near the surface, we propose an efficient method to screen systems for the importance of surface migration effects. Such insight is valuable for the future optimization of manganese oxide nanomaterials for energy storage devices.
Terrain Aware Inversion of Predictive Models for Planetary Rovers

Planetary rovers will continue to evolve in the direction of enhanced mobility and more challenging terrain. Once the mechatronics are in place, it becomes the job of software to exploit the mobility of the platform to the maximum degree possible while minimizing exposure to risks. Local motion planners for outdoor offroad terrain typically use relatively high fidelity models of vehicle motion to correctly predict the consequences of candidate actions. More correct predictions leads to more intelligent behavior, more effective science, and reduced mobility risk. Our formulation is based on an efficient inversion of the equations of motion to compute the precise controls necessary to achieve a desired position and orientation while following the contours of the terrain under arbitrary wheel terrain interactions. All higher level rover behaviors can benefit from such precision, terrain aware controls. Applications to instrument placement, wheel slip compensation, obstacle avoidance, and regional mobility planning will be presented. Index Terms – motion planning, planetary rover, mobile robot, trajectory generation
A review of the Australian fossil storks of the genus Ciconia (Aves: Ciconiidae), with the description of a new species

Only a single species of stork, the Black-necked Stork Ephippiorhynchus (= Xenorhynchus) asiaticus, occurs in Australia today, and is known from several fossil localities from the Early Pliocene. Two species of smaller fossil storks are also known, one previously named and one described here. The former, found in the Darling Downs, southeastern Queensland, was named Xenorhynchus nanus De Vis, 1888. Some later authors suggested that this species should be transferred to the living genus Ciconia; this decision is confirmed here, the name for this species becoming Ciconia nana. The second species of small stork comes from several Late Oligocene and Early Miocene sites at Riversleigh, northwestern Queensland. This taxon is referred to the genus Ciconia and distinguished as a new species, C. louisebolesae. It constitutes the earliest record of the Ciconiidae from Australia.
Robust tracking and lost target re-acquisition in video sequences using a combined color-gradient orientations based particle filter and covariance matching

Making visual features/trackers cooperate together allows to benefit from the complementary of different features and explores the merits of each individual tracker, which increases the robustness of video tracking. In this paper, two trackers are made in cooperation. The main tracker is based on particle filter and uses a visual model combining color and gradient orientations as the target representation, along with a conditional updating strategy. By using a probabilistic search, this tracker has the advantage of reducing the search space by only generating target hypothesis around the last estimated location. However, it may drift due to unexpected motion, occlusions and out of view problems. For this, covariance matching is used as an auxiliary tracker to assist the former search mechanism. By adopting an exhaustive search, covariance matching takes the control when the main tracker fails in locating the target. Once the target is re-detected, the tracking control is returned back to the probabilistic search based tracker. Many experiments show that the proposed tracker exhibits competitive tracking results when compared with other approaches. In addition, it allows tracking through occlusions and has the capability of re-detecting a target after disappearing and appearing again in a video sequence.
A real-time image stitching method based on memory space conversion

To meet the requirement of real-time processing, an image stitching method based on memory space conversion is proposed. In this method, two banks in a DDR2 SDRAM are used for storing image data alternately to realize the image stitching with image translation and rotation in hardware. The store addresses of two images are calculated based on the given stitching parameters and Bresenham algorithm. This algorithm results in smaller calculation and lower implementation cost. An arbiter scheme is proposed to meet the strict timing requirements of memory writing and reading. To ensure the timing synchronization of visual information from two image sensors, a judge module is used to determine which image should be stored first. Finally the systematic circuit simulation is conducted and the simulation results are compared with the mathematical model. Experimental results show that the proposed method not only avoids the multiplication, but also reduces the addition by 93.75%. It can improve the computation efficiency and decrease the complexity of hardware circuit on the basis of guaranteeing the image quality.
Modified human glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) produced in E. coli has a long-acting therapeutic effect in type 2 diabetic mice

Glucagon-like peptide 1 (GLP-1) is a very potent insulinotropic hormone secreted into the blood stream after eating. Thus, it has potential to be used in therapeutic treatment of diabetes. The half-life of GLP-1, however, is very short due to its rapid cleavage by dipeptidyl peptidase IV (DPP-IV). This presents a great challenge if it is to be used as a therapeutic drug. GLP-1, like many other small peptides, is commonly produced through chemical synthesis, but is limited by cost and product quantity. In order to overcome these problems, a sequence encoding a six codon-optimized tandem repeats of modified GLP-1 was constructed and expressed in the E. coli to produce a protease-resistant protein, 6×mGLP-1. The purified recombinant 6×mGLP-1, with a yield of approximately 20 mg/L, could be digested with trypsin to obtain single peptides. The single mGLP-1 peptides significantly stimulated the proliferation of a mouse pancreatic β cell line, MIN6. The recombinant peptide also greatly improved the oral glucose tolerance test of mice, exerted a positive glucoregulatory effect, and most notably had a glucose lowering effect for as long as 16.7 hours in mice altered to create a type 2 diabetic condition and exerted a positive glucoregulatory effect in db/db mice. These results indicate that recombinant 6×mGLP-1 has great potential to be used as an effective and cost-efficient drug for the treatment of type 2 diabetes.