Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Panel - learning science and technology R&D: a roadmap to the future of learning

This panel discusses the learning science and technology R&D roadmap developed by the learning federation, a partnership among industry, academia, and private foundations to stimulate research and development in learning science and technology. The roadmap outlines a detailed research plan for developing next-generation learning environments focused on post-secondary science, math, engineering, and technology education. Developed over a three-year period with advice provided by over seventy experts from educational institutions, government, and industry, the roadmap identifies key research priorities, along with metrics and milestones for each research focus area. The panel, comprised of researchers who participated in the development of the roadmap, will summarize the key research challenges, R&D chronology, and five and ten-year goals identified in the roadmap. The panelists will encourage comment from the audience regarding the research priorities identified in the roadmap and effective management strategies for building multi-disciplinary teams to undertake the research.
RELATIONS BETWEEN PREDICTION‐ AND ESTIMATION‐RESPONSES IN CUE‐PROBABILITY LEARNING AND TRANSFER

Bauer Marianne Relations between prediction- and estimation-responses in cue-probability learning and transfer. Scand. J. Psychol. , 1972, 13, 198–207. —Comparisons were made between prediction- and estimation-responses, preceded by training with different types of responding and when task probabilities were shifted. The main results were: (a) differential effects of procedure of learning and shift in task structure on predictions and estimates support the hypothesis of two different processes, (b) estimates as indicators of probability learning reflect traits assumed to characterize the perception process, viz. sensitivity to shifts in probabilities, and robustness against influence from procedure of learning, and (c) prediction-responses were affected in the direction of more extreme responses by simultaneous estimation, which result strengthens the supposition that probability estimates are insufficient as indicators of the complete perception process in a prediction task.
Animal models of antiretroviral prophylaxis for HIV prevention

Purpose of reviewOral and topical pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) with antiretroviral drugs are novel biomedical interventions recently found to prevent HIV transmission among high-risk populations. In this review, we outline lessons learned from animal studies and discuss next steps in preclinical PrEP research including the study of new PrEP modalities, pharmacologic correlates of protection, and biological factors that may modulate PrEP efficacy. Recent findingsStudies using macaque or humanized mice models of mucosal simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV), HIV, or simian/human immunodeficiency virus (SHIV) transmission have provided efficacy data against rectal and vaginal infection. A multitude of oral and topical PrEP regimens including drugs such as tenofovir (TFV), tenofovir disoproxil fumarate (TDF) and emtricitabine (FTC) were tested against either wild-type or drug-resistant viruses. These models have also helped define prophylactic windows of protection of nondaily dosing and are being used increasingly to study pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic relationships. SummaryAs human data from PrEP trials validate animal models or help fine tune them, it is expected that these models will play increasingly important roles in PrEP development as the field extends into new drug classes and combinations, episodic dosing, and novel long-acting drug formulations. By providing both efficacy and pharmacologic information these models can define correlates and mechanisms of protection, inform dose selection, and advance the most promising PrEP candidates and dosing modalities.
Multi‐array silicon probes with integrated optical fibers: light‐assisted perturbation and recording of local neural circuits in the behaving animal

Recordings of large neuronal ensembles and neural stimulation of high spatial and temporal precision are important requisites for studying the real‐time dynamics of neural networks. Multiple‐shank silicon probes enable large‐scale monitoring of individual neurons. Optical stimulation of genetically targeted neurons expressing light‐sensitive channels or other fast (milliseconds) actuators offers the means for controlled perturbation of local circuits. Here we describe a method to equip the shanks of silicon probes with micron‐scale light guides for allowing the simultaneous use of the two approaches. We then show illustrative examples of how these compact hybrid electrodes can be used in probing local circuits in behaving rats and mice. A key advantage of these devices is the enhanced spatial precision of stimulation that is achieved by delivering light close to the recording sites of the probe. When paired with the expression of light‐sensitive actuators within genetically specified neuronal populations, these devices allow the relatively straightforward and interpretable manipulation of network activity.
Early panretinal photocoagulation for ERG‐verified ischaemic central retinal vein occlusion

Purpose: We have previously shown that photopic cone b‐wave implicit time ≥35.0 ms in 30 Hz flicker electroretinography (ERG) predicts ocular neovascularization (NV) in central retinal vein occlusion (CRVO). Here, we evaluate the effects of early panretinal photocoagulation (PRP) in patients with ERG‐verified ischaemic CRVO.
A Reexamination of the Perceptual-to-Conceptual Shift in Mental Representations

The authors discuss the origins of categorical representations in young infants, using recent evidence on the categorization of animals. This evidence suggests that mature conceptual representations for animals derive from the earliest perceptually based representations of animals formed by young infants, those based on the surface features characteristic of each species, including humans. The shift from perceptually to conceptually based representation is a gradual and continuous process marked by initial, relatively simple, perceptually based representations coming to include more and more specific values of common animal properties. Development is thus a process of enrichment by perceptual systems, including that for language, and without the need of specialized processes that alter the nature of human thought and the representation of human knowledge.
Recognising diversity and developing skills: The proper role of transcultural communication

This paper opens by identifying the different historical routes European countries have followed in becoming multi-ethnic, and the consequent very different understandings that underpin contemporary national approaches to managing diversity. A discussion of the politics of equal recognition, and of difference, provides the basis for a critique of liberal universalism and of the discourse of 'tolerance'. A model of transcultural communicative competence is presented. It is argued that the introduction of training in transcultural communication into social work education can too easily slip into an individualistic acquisition of interpersonal skills. Referring back to the earlier discussion of the politics of multiculturalism, it is argued that effective social work requires both individual and institution learning.
Household economic impact and attitudes toward school closures in two cities in Argentina during the 2009 influenza A (H1N1) pandemic

Please cite this paper as: Basurto‐Dávila et al. (2012) Household economic impact and attitudes toward school closures in two cities in Argentina during the 2009 influenza A (H1N1) pandemic. Influenza and Other Respiratory Viruses. DOI: 10.1111/irv.12054.
Plasma homocysteine concentration predicts mortality in non-insulin-dependent diabetic patients with and without albuminuria.

BACKGROUND A high plasma total homocysteine (tHcy) concentration is a risk factor for cardiovascular disease in the nondiabetic population and in nondiabetic patients with end-stage renal disease. METHODS We prospectively evaluated the impact of tHcy concentrations on mortality in 211 white non-insulin-dependent diabetic (NIDDM) patients of less than 70 years of age at entry (61 with microalbuminuria and 44 with macroalbuminuria). They were followed for a median of 6.4 (range 0.2 to 7.1) years. RESULTS At the end of the follow-up period, 49 of 211 (23%) patients had died, 30 (61%) from cardiovascular disease. Univariate Cox survival analysis revealed that baseline tHcy level (1 micromol/liter) was associated with an increased all-cause mortality risk of 1.11 [95% confidence interval (CI) 1.08 to 1.15, P < 0.0001], and a cardiovascular mortality risk of 1.09 (CI 1.03 to 1.16, P < 0.01). The six-year cumulative all-cause mortality hazard was 44%, 14%, and 15% in the high (tHcy >/= 8.2 micromol/liter), the middle (tHcy 6. 2-8.1 micromol/liter), and the low (tHcy </= 6.1 micromol/liter) tertile of tHcy levels, respectively (P < 0.001 high vs. middle; P < 0.001 high vs. low; and P = 0.88 middle vs. low). Cox proportional hazards regression analysis revealed significant predictors of all-cause mortality to be tHcy level (per 1 micromol/liter), relative risk 1.09 (1.03 to 1.14); pre-existing coronary heart disease (yes vs. no), relative risk 1.98 (1.09 to 3.61); log10 albumin excretion rate (AER; factor 10), relative risk 1.89 (1.31 to 2.74); and age (per 1 year), relative risk 1.08 (1.03 to 1.13). Predictors of cardiovascular mortality were pre-existing coronary heart disease, log10 AER, and age. tHcy level did not predict cardiovascular mortality independently of these risk factors. CONCLUSION Plasma tHcy concentration is a significant predictor of mortality in NIDDM patients with or without albuminuria.
A layer 2 multipath solution and its performance evaluation for Data Center Ethernets

Data Center Ethernet is likely to be deployed as the communication infrastructure for future data centers, which carries multiple types of traffic with very different characteristics and handling requirements. Conventional Spanning Tree Protocol (STP) cannot meet the requirement of a Data Center Ethernet framework because of its poor bandwidth utilization and lack of multipathing capability. In this paper, we propose a layer 2 multipathing solution, namely optimized dynamic load‐balancing multipathing (ODLBMP), to be deployed in Data Center Ethernet. Our proposed method utilizes all available links and ports for frame delivery and can split traffic of a communication pair along multiple paths. In ODLBMP, the traffic loads of all paths are continuously monitored so that traffic assigned to each path can be dynamically adjusted to avoid path/link over‐utilization. Per‐flow forwarding is observed in ODLBMP to guarantee the in‐order delivery, which is important for most storage traffic. In addition, ODLBMP finely differentiates flows from application perspective so it has more flexibility in traffic splitting and route selection, and achieves better multipath load balancing. Computer simulations show that our proposed algorithm performs better than other compared algorithms, including STP, Transparent Interconnection of Lots of Links, and DLBMP, in all simulation scenarios in terms of frame delivery ratio and network throughput. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Decreased density of interstitial cells of Cajal and neuronal cells in patients with slow‐transit constipation and acquired megacolon

Background: The pathophysiology of constipation is not clearly identified as yet, and the interstital cells of Cajal (ICC), known to generate the slow wave activity and to be involved in intestinal neurotransmission and the enteric nervous system (ENS), are suspected to play an important role. The aims of the present study were to assess the distribution of ICC and neuronal cells of ENS in patients with slow‐transit constipation and acquired megacolon.
Clinical Options for the Reduction of Elevated Intraocular Pressure

Elevated IOP in clinical practice is usually seen in glaucoma or ocular hypertension. Glaucoma affects 60 million people worldwide and 8.4 million are bilaterally blind from this chronic disease. 1 Options for reducing IOP rely on pharmacological agents, laser treatments and surgery which may be penetrating or non-penetrating. The last twenty years has seen significant changes in all of these strategies. This review aims to cover these clinical options and introduce some of the new technologies currently in development for the clinical lowering of IOP.
Developmental models of supervision: Is it development?

Developmental models of supervision have become the Zeitgeist of supervision thinking and research. Eighteen different models of supervision that refer to developmental principles have been cited in the psychiatric, psychological, and social work disciplines (Worthington, 1984). Numerous empirical studies have been designed to investigate developmental paradigms (Roehlke, 1984). If these models are to continue to influence research and practice, it seems warranted that the underlying assumptions and principles of the proposed models be critically examined. This article contains such a critical examination, and the conceptual and methodological approaches currently applied in the research of this topic are discussed from a developmental perspective.
Proceduralist readings: how to find meaning in games with graphical logics

Newsgames and artgames, two genres in which designers wish to communicate messages to players, often deploy procedural representation. Understanding these proceduralist games requires special attention to a game's processes as well as how these interact with its theme and aesthetics. In this paper we present a method for proceduralist readings of arcade-like 2D games so that players can determine their range of intended and unintended meanings, critics can assess the strengths and weaknesses of the presented arguments, and designers can identify ways to refine their rhetorical strategies. Through identifying the components of games that can be interpreted and emphasizing where cultural considerations influence interpretations, we present a framework for meaning derivations that strive to take the entirety of a game into consideration. As demonstrated by several examples, this framework requires much more explicit and formal arguments for why a game carries a meaning and precisely where each component of one's argument came from.
The Combined Effects of Exogenous and Endogenous Variability on the Spatial Distribution of Ant Communities in a Forested Ecosystem (Hymenoptera: Formicidae)

ABSTRACT Spatial patterns observed in ecosystems have traditionally been attributed to exogenous processes. Recently, ecologists have found that endogenous processes also have the potential to create spatial patterns. Yet, relatively few studies have attempted to examine the combined effects of exogenous and endogenous processes on the distribution of organisms across spatial and temporal scales. Here we aim to do this, by investigating whether spatial patterns of under-story tree species at a large spatial scale (18 ha) influences the spatial patterns of ground foraging ant species at a much smaller spatial scale (20 m by 20 m). At the regional scale, exogenous processes (under-story tree community) had a strong effect on the spatial patterns in the ground-foraging ant community. We found significantly more Camponotus noveboracensis, Formica subsericae, and Lasius alienus species in black cherry (Prunis serotine Ehrh.) habitats. In witch-hazel (Hamamelis virginiana L.) habitats, we similarly found significantly more Myrmica americana, Formica fusca, and Formica subsericae. At smaller spatial scales, we observed the emergence of mosaic ant patches changing rapidly in space and time. Our study reveals that spatial patterns are the result of both exogenous and endogenous forces, operating at distinct scales.
From single genes to entire genomes: the search for a function of nuclear organization

The existence of different domains within the nucleus has been clear from the time, in the late 1920s, that heterochromatin and euchromatin were discovered. The observation that heterochromatin is less transcribed than euchromatin suggested that microscopically identifiable structures might correspond to functionally different domains of the nucleus. Until 15 years ago, studies linking gene expression and subnuclear localization were limited to a few genes. As we discuss in this Review, new genome-wide techniques have now radically changed the way nuclear organization is analyzed. These have provided a much more detailed view of functional nuclear architecture, leading to the emergence of a number of new paradigms of chromatin folding and how this folding evolves during development. Summary: This Review highlights the genome-wide techniques used to shed light on the mechanisms of genome folding and unravel the regulatory functions of nuclear organization.
Detection and Prediction of Adverse and Anomalous Events in Medical Robots

Adverse and anomalous (A&A) events are a serious concern in medical robots. We describe a system that can rapidly detect such events and predict their occurrence. As part of this system, we describe simulation, data collection and user interface tools we build for a robot for small animal biopsies. The data we collect consists of both the hardware state of the robot and variables in the software controller. We use this data to train dynamic Bayesian network models of the joint hardware-software state-space dynamics of the robot. Our empirical evaluation shows that (i) our models can accurately model normal behavior of the robot, (ii) they can rapidly detect anomalous behavior once it starts, (iii) they can accurately predict a future A&A event within a time window of it starting and (iv) the use of additional software variables beyond the hardware state of the robot is important in being able to detect and predict certain kinds of events.
FORMAL STABILITY OF THE CR CROSS-CAP

For m < n, any real analytic m-submanifold of complex n-space with a non-degenerate CR singularity is shown to be locally equivalent, under a formal holomorphic coordinate change, to a xed real algebraic variety de ned by linear and quadratic polynomials. The situation is analogous to Whitney's stability theorem for cross-cap singularities of smooth maps. The formal coordinate change is obtained from a sequence of approximations whose norms are controlled only on polydiscs shrinking to a point, so the analytic classi cation remains an open question.
Zero-resource Dependency Parsing: Boosting Delexicalized Cross-lingual Transfer with Linguistic Knowledge

This paper studies cross-lingual transfer for dependency parsing, focusing on very low-resource settings where delexicalized transfer is the only fully automatic option. We show how to boost parsing performance by rewriting the source sentences so as to better match the linguistic regularities of the target language. We contrast a data-driven approach with an approach relying on linguistically motivated rules automatically extracted from the World Atlas of Language Structures. Our findings are backed up by experiments involving 40 languages. They show that both approaches greatly outperform the baseline, the knowledge-driven method yielding the best accuracies, with average improvements of +2.9 UAS, and up to +90 UAS (absolute) on some frequent PoS configurations.
Action , outcome and value 1 RUNNING HEAD : ACTION , OUTCOME AND VALUE Action , outcome and value : A dual-system framework for morality and more

Dual-system approaches to psychology explain fundamental properties of human judgment, decision-making and behavior across a diverse domains. Yet, the appropriate characterization of each system is a source of debate. For instance, a large body of research on moral psychology makes use of the contrast between “emotional” and “rational/cognitive” processes—a distinction that is widely used outside the moral domain, as well—and yet even the chief proponents of this division recognize its shortcomings. Largely independently, research in the computational neurosciences has identified a broad division between two algorithms for learning and choice derived from formal models of reinforcement learning. One assigns value to actions intrinsically based on past experience, while another derives representations of value from an internally represented causal model of the world. This division between action-based and outcomebased value representation provides an ideal framework for a dual-system theory in the moral domain and beyond.
The Role of Personality Differences in Judgments of Roadside Quality

Within the brief history of environmental research, comparatively little systematic treatment has been given to the role which individual differences play in environmental response. While it is relatively easy to demonstrate the existence of behavioral variations in experimental data it has often been difficult to know what significance, if any, should be attached to these variations. From both a theoretical and practical standpoint, however, it seems reasonable to inquire about the conditions under which it would be appropriate to include the notion of individual differences in either a descriptive or decision-making framework.
Simulation of Voltage Controlled Tunable All Pass Filter Using LM13700 OTA

In recent years Operational Transconductance Amplifier based high frequency integrated circuits, filters and systems have been widely investigated. The usefulness of OTAs over conventional OP-Amps in the design of both first order and second order active filters are well documented. This paper discusses some of the tunability issues using the Matlab/Simulink® software which are previously unreported for any commercial OTA. Using the simulation results two first order voltage controlled all pass filters with phase tuning capability are proposed. Keywords—All pass filter, Operational Transconductance Amplifier, Simulation.
Low-power RF circuits for multi-standard WLAN transceivers

Circuit design techniques for integrating low-power multi-standard WLAN transceivers are presented in this paper. Several circuital approaches have been implemented and successfully demonstrated for the most critical blocks of a WLAN transceiver. The transmitter front-end is implemented by means of a current-reuse variable-gain up-converter. The circuit provides an output 1-dB compression point of 5.3 dBm, while consuming only 45 mA from a 3-V supply voltage. Moreover, a linear-in-dB gain control characteristic is achieved over a 35-dB dynamic range. In the receiver chain, a variable-gain LNA allows excellent noise figure and linearity performance to be achieved with low power consumption. The PLL makes use of a transformer-based VCO featuring low-phase noise and wide tuning range performance.