Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The Gender Stereotyping of Emotions

Three studies documented the gender stereotypes of emotions and the relationship between gender stereotypes and the interpretation of emotionally expressive behavior. Participants believed women experienced and expressed the majority of the 19 emotions studied (e.g., sadness, fear, sympathy) more often than men. Exceptions included anger and pride, which were thought to be experienced and expressed more often by men. In Study 2, participants interpreted photographs of adults' ambiguous anger/sadness facial expressions in a stereotype-consistent manner, such that women were rated as sadder and less angry than men. Even unambiguous anger poses by women were rated as a mixture of anger and sadness. Study 3 revealed that when expectant parents interpreted an infant's ambiguous anger/sadness expression presented on videotape only high-stereotyped men interpreted the expression in a stereotype-consistent manner. Discussion focuses on the role of gender stereotypes in adults' interpretations of emotional expressions and the implications for social relations and the socialization of emotion.
USING HISTORY TO STRENGTHEN A RESEARCH METHODS COURSE

Teaching about small N designs is a common element of the modern research methods course. Further, these designs are the central feature of courses in applied behavior analysis and an important part of any course in counseling or clinical psychology. The history of these small N designs typically is traced no further than the work of B. F. Skinner, who argued strongly for a philosophy of science grounded in the in-depth study of individuals behaving in their environments. Yet, the logic of the small N design has a more complex history, and it was common during experimental psychology's earliest days. From the beginning of the "new laboratory psychology" of the late 19th century, studies often featured the detailed study of single individuals, with additional subjects used for the purpose of replication.
Distinguishing between two types of musical emotions and reconsidering the role of appraisal

The target article inventories mechanisms underlying musical emotions. We argue that the inventory misses important mechanisms and that its structure would benefit from the distinction between two types of musical emotions. We also argue that the authors' claim that appraisal does not play a crucial role in the causation of musical emotions rests on a narrow conception of appraisal.
XTribe: A Web-Based Social Computation Platform

In the last few years the Web has progressively acquired the status of an infrastructure for social computation that allows researchers to coordinate the cognitive abilities of human agents in on-line communities so to steer the collective user activity towards predefined goals. This general trend is also triggering the adoption of web-games as a very interesting laboratory to run experiments in the social sciences and whenever the contribution of human beings is crucially required for research purposes. Nowadays, while the number of on-line users has been steadily growing, there is still a need of systematization in the approach to the web as a laboratory. In this paper we present Experimental Tribe (XTribe in short), a novel general purpose web-based platform for web-gaming and social computation. Ready to use and already operational, XTribe aims at drastically reducing the effort required to develop and run web experiments. XTribe has been designed to speed up the implementation of those general aspects of web experiments that are independent of the specific experiment content. For example, XTribe takes care of user management by handling their registration and profiles and in case of multi-player games, it provides the necessary user grouping functionalities. XTribe also provides communication facilities to easily achieve both bi-directional and asynchronous communication. From a practical point of view, researchers are left with the only task of designing and implementing the game interface and logic of their experiment, on which they maintain full control. Moreover, XTribe acts as a repository of different scientific experiments, thus realizing a sort of showcase that stimulates users' curiosity, enhances their participation, and helps researchers in recruiting volunteers.
On "Politics, Markets, and American Schools.".

When mid‐19th‐century educational reformers described the system of common schools which they envisioned for the USA, they talked about an institution that would be accessible to all children and that would provide them with a shared educational experience. As these early proponents of public schooling saw it, a system of universal schooling that educated all children had particular virtues for the new republic. It would ensure that all segments of the citizenry would have an equal opportunity to develop democratic character and enjoy the benefits that education brought. Now John E. Chubb and Terry M. Moe come to challenge this ideal with ‘an institutional perspective’ which seeks to show that Americans would be much better off sending their children to schools of their choice. There are two basic problems with their proposal: one is methodological, the other democratic. Both are explored in this review.
Model-Based Clustering of Non-Gaussian Panel Data Based on Skew-t Distributions

We propose a model-based method to cluster units within a panel. The underlying model is autoregressive and non-Gaussian, allowing for both skewness and fat tails, and the units are clustered according to their dynamic behavior, equilibrium level, and the effect of covariates. Inference is addressed from a Bayesian perspective, and model comparison is conducted using Bayes factors. Particular attention is paid to prior elicitation and posterior propriety. We suggest priors that require little subjective input and have hierarchical structures that enhance inference robustness. We apply our methodology to GDP growth of European regions and to employment growth of Spanish firms.
Evaluation of Leptospirillum ferrooxidans for Leaching

The importance of Leptospirillum ferrooxidans for leach processes has been evaluated by studying the lithotrophic flora of three mine biotopes and a heap leaching operation, by percolation experiments with inoculated, sterilized ore, and by morphological, physiological, and genetic investigations of pure and mixed cultures of L. ferrooxidans, Thiobacillus ferrooxidans, and Thiobacillus thiooxidans. In biotopes of 20°C or above, Leptospirillum-like bacteria are as abundant as T. ferrooxidans. Leptospirilli represent at least one-half of the ferrous-iron-oxidizing population. Percolation experiments confirmed this result. Leptospirilli were as numerous as T. ferrooxidans. At reduced temperatures, the generation times of leptospirilli increase more so than those of T. ferrooxidans. At 14°C, Leptospirillum grows slowly and T. ferrooxidans dominates the population. Physiological investigations indicate that L. ferrooxidans is a strict chemolithoautotroph, metabolizing only ferrous iron and pyrite. Even an addition of 0.05% (wt/vol) yeast extract inhibited its growth. The maximum ferrous-iron-oxidizing activity of L. ferrooxidans amounts to about 40% of the activity of T. ferrooxidans. After growth on sulfidic ore, both species exhibit reduced iron-oxidizing activities, L. ferrooxidans exhibiting one-third and T. ferrooxidans exhibiting one-seventh of their maximum activities. Surprisingly, the absolute values are similar. For indirect leaching, L. ferrooxidans is as important as T. ferrooxidans. This was confirmed by the results of percolation experiments. L. ferrooxidans together with T. thiooxidans mobilized metals at least as well as T. ferrooxidans did. The best results were obtained with a mixed culture of all three species.
OPERAÇÕES INTERTEXTUAIS NA CATEGORIA TÍTULO NO JORNAL CARIOCA MEIA HORA

In order to demonstrate that in popular newspapers news can also be pervaded by an opinion, but from unconventional strategies, this article will analyze the construction of the title "Pope asks to quit", the news published in the popular carioca newspaper Meia Hora on 12/02/2013. Our focus is on how the establishing of an intertextual relationship in the title adds and directs senses of the text in an argumentative mode. One of our conclusions is that the title would be the placeholder for the newspaper to suggest an opinion rather than develop it throughout the text, a strategy that could violate the contract of communication between newspaper and reader of this segment. Our theoretical frame includes the notion of "communication contract" developed in discourse analysis (CHARAUDEAU, 1996; 2001); the characterization of "news-values" (Amaral, 2006); and in "intertextuality" (BEAUGRANDE a DRESSLER (1981); BAKHTIN (2003), Koch (2003), among others) process.
INSTANTANEOUS POWER FACTOR CORRECTION IN THREE-PHASE USING POWER FACTOR PREREGULATOR IN CONVERTERS

In this paper a novel three phase power -factor correction scheme is proposed using two single phase PFC modules. A Power Factor Preregulator (PFP) is used to provide soft switching . In this approach the three phase input is first transformed to two phase by means of bifilar winding transformer . Two standard single phase PFC modules are then employed to process the two phase power to dc output. The proposed approach has simplified control and high performance features. KeyWords: Power factor correction , PFP, Soft switching .
Using boar spermatozoa for drug toxicity screening

I POPULÄRVETENSKAPLIG SAMMANFATTNING . II LIST OF PAPERS . V ABBREVIATIONS . VI TABLE OF CONTENTS . VIII GENERAL INTRODUCTION . 1 REVIEW OF THE LITERATURE . 3 The pig spermatozoon . 3 Spermatogenesis . 3 Sperm maturation . 4 Structure of the ejaculated pig spermatozoon . 5 The sperm plasma membrane . 7 Sperm membrane proteins . 8 Sperm metabolism . 9 Sperm motility . 12 The boar ejaculate . 13 Ejaculation, ejaculate fractions . 13 Seminal plasma . 14 Sperm transport in the female genital tract . 15 The interactive spermatozoon (capacitation, hyperactivation, acrosome reaction, zona pellucida binding and fertilization) . 15 Sperm handling in vitro . 18 Factors affecting boar sperm survival in vitro . 18 The pig in research, the 3R principles . 20 AIMS. 21
How Creative Are the Creative Industries? A Case of the Music Industry

enerally, an industry can be defined in terms of the technology shared G by its members. The phonographic industry-the production, distribution, and marketing of phonographic products-embodies the core technology of the music industry. The major companies of the phonographic industry see (and portray) themselves as protectors and promoters of artists’ creativity. I In this article, I assess whether the major companies in the phonographic industry truly foster artistic creativity. After a brief and critical discussion of the shortcomings of economic concepts of newness, I derive a model of creativity from psychological and sociological findings and then model the interrelationships between creativity and innovation in an empirical-descriptive discussion of the radical shifts in the phonographic industry’s structure that occurred during the twentieth century. Finally, based on those discussions, I make predictions about the future of the music industry and suggest several implications for cultural policy and management.
A spheroplast rate assay for determination of cell wall integrity in yeast

The rate of formation of spheroplasts of yeast can be used as an assay to study the structural integrity of cell walls. Lysis can be measured spectrophotometrically in hypotonic solution in the presence of Zymolyase, a mixture of cell wall‐digesting enzymes. The optical density of the cell suspension decreases as the cells lyse. We optimized this assay with respect to enzyme concentration, temperature, pH, and growth conditions for several strains of Saccharomyces cerevisiae. The level of variability (standard deviation) was 1–5% between trials where the replications were performed on the same culture using enzyme prepared from the same lot, and 5–15% for different cultures of the same strain. This assay can quantitate differences in cell wall structure (1) between exponentially growing and stationary phase cells, (2) among different S. cerevisiae strains, (3) between S. cerevisiae and Candida albicans, (4) between parental and mutated lines, and (5) between drug‐ or chemically‐treated cells and controls. © 1998 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
THE ESTIMATED EFFECT OF MATERNAL EMPLOYMENT ON CHILDREN UNDER MANDATORY AND NON-MANDATORY EMPLOYMENT CIRCUMSTANCES

Maternal employment's association with young school-age children's academic and behavioural outcomes was examined in a sample of families currently or recently receiving welfare. The sample comprised 1,197 African-American mothers and their preschool-age children who were randomly assigned either to the ‘human capital development’ (HCD) programme, the ‘labor force attachment’ (LFA) programme or to the control group in the Atlanta site of the Child Outcomes Study, a substudy of the National Evaluation of Welfare-to-Work Strategies (NEWWS). Once observed selection effects were controlled, maternal employment — regardless of whether obtained under mandatory or non-mandatory circumstances — was largely unrelated to contemporaneous measures of five to seven year olds’ academic school readiness and behaviour. There was one exception: maternal employment secured through Atlanta's HCD programme significantly predicted fewer and/or less frequent antisocial behaviours even after observed selection factors were controlled. Implications for policy and future research are discussed.
Occupational first aid training: Decay in cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) skills

One hundred and twenty four occupational first aiders were tested on their ability to carry out cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) at varying times following training (up to three years). Expert assessment of printouts from a Recording Resusci-Anne manikin indicated that only 12 per cent of those tested would be capable of carrying out effective CPR. Measures derived from the same printouts showed that there was a rapid and linear decay in CPR skills over time with fewer than 20 per cent of subjects achieving a score of 75 per cent on performance after only six months had elapsed since training. Variables such as age, sex, height, weight and practice on a manikin were not found to influence performance. Despite certain drawbacks in the design of the study it is clear that retraining in CPR skills should be more frequent than the three years recommended by present industrial first aid legislation.
Effective Determination of Mobile Agent Itineraries for Data Aggregation on Sensor Networks

A key feature of wireless sensor networks (WSNs) is the collaborative processing, where the correlation existing over the local data of sensor nodes (SNs) is exploited so that the total data volume can be reduced (data aggregation). The use of Mobile Agents (MAs), i.e., software entities able of migrating among nodes and resuming execution naturally, fits in this scenario; the local data of an SN can be combined with the data collected by an MA from other SNs in a way that depends on the specific program code of the MA. In this paper, we consider the problem of calculating near-optimal routes for MAs that incrementally aggregate the data as they visit the nodes in a distributed sensor network. Our algorithm follows a greedy-like approach always selecting the next node to be included in an itinerary in such a way that the cost of the so far formed itineraries is kept minimum at each step. Simulation results confirm the high effectiveness of the proposed algorithm as well as its performance gain over alternative approaches. Also, with the use of proper data structures, the computational complexity of the algorithm is kept low as it is formally proved in the paper.
Effect of Awareness on an Indicator of Cognitive Load

Prior research has shown that the rate of eye blinking is inversely related to cognitive load. In the present study, as in the prior work, some subjects were never told that their eyeblinks were being monitored. However, other subjects were deliberately informed. Each group of subjects performed both easy and difficult arithmetic. Awareness of being monitored reduced the blinking rate. However, the rate was still inversely related to difficulty of the task, even for the informed subjects. The methodological and theoretical implications of these findings were discussed.
Efficient and Accurate Tracing of Events in Linux Clusters

The Linux Trace Toolkit is a low overhead, accurate, extensi ble tracing infrastructure for Linux systems. It is used ext ensively for embedded systems and is included in all major Linux distributions tar geting embedded systems. It was recently optimized and expa nded to offer per CPU lockless tracing and near clock cycle level accuracy, ma king it suitable for high performance SMP systems. Further w ork is underway to manipulate several traces side by side, typically collec ted on parallel systems within a cluster, and to allow custom trace analysis plugin modules. This makes the Linux Trace Toolkit particularly su ited for performance analysis and debugging of high perform ance SMP clusters. Indeed, it can collect unobtrusively and most accurately an y needed information directly from the operating system or t he applications and offers a convenient offline graphical display and analysis t ool.
Evaluation of advanced receiver autonomous integrity monitoring performance on predicted aircraft trajectories

The development of new GNSS constellations, and the modernization of existing ones, has increased the availability and the number of satellites-in-view, paving the way for new navigation algorithms and techniques. These offer the opportunity to improve the navigation performance while at the same time potentially reducing the support which has to be provided by Ground and Satellite Based Augmented Systems (GBAS and SBAS). These enhanced future capabilities can enable GNSS receivers to serve as a primary means of navigation, worldwide, and have provided the motivation for the Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) to form the GNSS Evolution Architecture Study (GEAS). This panel, formed in 2008, investigates the new GNSS-based architectures, with a focus on precision approach down to LPV-200 operations. GEAS identified ARAIM as the most promising system. The literature, produced through a series of studies, has analysed the performance of this new technique and has clearly shown that the potential of ARAIM architectures to provide the Required Navigation Performance for LPV 200. Almost all of the analysis was performed by simply studying a constellation's configuration with respect to fixed points on a grid on the Earth's surface, with full view of the sky, evaluating ARAIM performance from a geometrical point of view and using nominal performance in simulated scenarios lasting several days. In this paper, we will evaluate the ARAIM performance in simulated operational configurations. Aircraft flights can last for hours and on-board receivers don't always have a full view of the sky. Attitude changes from manoeuvers, obscuration by the aircraft body and shadowing from the surrounding environment could all affect the incoming signal from the GNSS constellations, leading to configurations that could adversely affect the real performance. For this reason, the main objective of the algorithm developed in this research project is to analyse these shadowing effects and compute the performance of the ARAIM technique when integrated with a predicted flight path using different combinations of three constellations (GPS, GLONASS and Galileo), considered as fully operational.
Bullying in secondary schools: through a discursive lens

Abstract This paper analyses students’ constructions of bullying from a social constructionist perspective. Interviews were conducted with 24 students at a small semi-rural secondary school in New Zealand. These were taped, transcribed and a discourse analysis, informed by the work of Foucault, was carried out. It was found that students made sense of bullying by drawing on constructions that included bullying as a consequence of differences and as a form of discipline. These constructions had the effect of legitimizing the school's institutional power imbalance. This was supported by students and teachers who both played an active role in simultaneously enforcing, and being subjected to, the disciplinary technologies of normalization characterized by bullying. The goal of this research is to provide a critical focus to the political nature, power relations and ideological effects of these prevailing discourses that function to both create and support bullying behaviour in our schools.
Design of High Performance Single-Port 5T SRAM Cell

In this paper, a novel single-port five-transistor (5T) Static Random Access Memory (SRAM) cell and associated read/write assist is proposed. Amongst them, a word line suppression circuit is to provide a voltage of the respective connected word line to be lower than the power supply voltage VDD, as such the read/write- ability of the cell can be improved and the half-selected cells disturbance can be reduced. Furthermore, a voltage control circuit is coupled to the sources corresponding to the driver transistors of each row memory cells. This configuration is aimed to control the source voltages of driver transistors under different operating modes. In addition, a pre-charging circuit is design to pull up the bit line BL of a selected column to the voltage VDD before the read or write operation. Finally, with the standby start-up circuit design, the memory cell can rapidly switch to the standby mode, and thereby reduce leakage current in standby.
Bromocresol Purple and the Measurement of Albumin

This study was undertaken to investigate the extent of the reported discrepancy between serum and plasma albumin concentrations measured by the bromocresol purple (BCP) method. We have shown that plasma albumin concentrations are falsely increased by turbidity due to the precipitation of fibrinogen when plasma is diluted into the BCP reagent. Modification of the BCP buffer (to 0·1M acetate containing 0·15M NaCl, pH 5·5) eliminates the turbidity and thus permits the measurement of albumin in either serum or plasma. Plasma albumin concentrations measured with the modified BCP reagent show excellent correlation with results by an immunoturbidimetric method.
Alert Verification Based on Attack Classification in Collaborative Intrusion Detection

The traditional intrusion detection system has the disadvantages of alert flooding and high false positive due to weak collaboration-awareness. The collaborative intrusion detection mechanism is advocated to overcome shortcomings of traditional IDS and alert verification and correlation are two important techniques to perform collaborative mechanisms. The goal of alert verification is to distinguish the false positives from true positives or confirm the confidence of the alert by integrating context information of protected network with alerts. In this paper, we present an alert verification scheme based on attack classification to achieve the objectives of low cost and high efficiency of verification process.