Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Group theoretical approach to computing phonons and their interactions

Here we present four independent advances which facilitate the computation of phonons and their interactions from first-principles. First, we implement a group-theoretical approach to construct the order N Taylor series of a d-dimensional crystal purely in terms of space group irreducible derivatives (ID), which guarantees symmetry by construction and allows for a practical means of communicating and storing phonons and their interactions. Second, we prove that the smallest possible supercell which accommodates N given wavevectors in a d-dimensional crystal is determined using the Smith Normal Form of the matrix formed from the corresponding wavevectors; resulting in negligible computational cost to find said supercell, in addition to providing the maximum required multiplicity for uniform supercells at arbitrary N and d. Third, we develop a series of finite displacement methodologies to compute phonons and their interactions which exploit the first two developments: lone and bundled irreducible derivative (LID and BID) approaches. LID computes a single ID, or as few as possible, at a time in the smallest supercell possible, while BID exploits perturbative derivatives for some order less than N (e.g. Hellman-Feynman forces) in order to extract all ID in the smallest possible supercells using the fewest possible computations. Finally, we derive an equation for the order N-2 volume derivatives of the phonons in terms of the order N ID. Given that the former are easily computed, they can be used as a stringent, infinite ranged test of the ID. Our general framework is illustrated on graphene, yielding irreducible phonon interactions to fifth order. Additionally, we provide a cost analysis for the rock-salt structure at N=3, demonstrating a massive speedup compared to popular finite displacement methods in the literature.
Computational Complexity of Stable Marriage and Stable Roommates and Their Variants

This paper gives an overview on and summarizes existing complexity and algorithmic results of some variants of the Stable Marriage and the Stable Roommates problems. The last section defines a list of stable matching problems mentioned in the paper. If you find any corrections, suggestions, new or missing results, please send them to jiehua.chen2@gmail.com.
End-to-End Denoising of Dark Burst Images Using Recurrent Fully Convolutional Networks

When taking photos in dim-light environments, due to the small amount of light entering, the shot images are usually extremely dark, with a great deal of noise, and the color cannot reflect real-world color. Under this condition, the traditional methods used for single image denoising have always failed to be effective. One common idea is to take multiple frames of the same scene to enhance the signal-to-noise ratio. This paper proposes a recurrent fully convolutional network (RFCN) to process burst photos taken under extremely low-light conditions, and to obtain denoised images with improved brightness. Our model maps raw burst images directly to sRGB outputs, either to produce a best image or to generate a multi-frame denoised image sequence. This process has proven to be capable of accomplishing the low-level task of denoising, as well as the high-level task of color correction and enhancement, all of which is end-to-end processing through our network. Our method has achieved better results than state-of-the-art methods. In addition, we have applied the model trained by one type of camera without fine-tuning on photos captured by different cameras and have obtained similar end-to-end enhancements.
Isomaltooligosaccharides Sustain the Growth of Prevotella Both In Vitro and in Animal Models

The Prevotella enterotype type is a human traditional enterotype with high dietary fiber intake, which is related to healthy ageing and Parkinson’s disease development. Manipulations of the dwelled gut microbes by dietary isomalto-oligosaccharides efficiently sustained Prevotella type enterotypes, indicating that it can be used in the improvement of elderly health by increasing the gut transit time. ABSTRACT The human digestive tract is colonized by trillions of bacterial cells that play important roles in human health and diseases. It is well known that dietary habits are associated with human microbiota enterotypes. However, the factors that determine the enterotype still remain elusive. In this study, it was first examined, via in vitro batch fermentation, how different carbohydrates affect the Bacteroides and Prevotella enterotypes. Among the 11 substrates (fructo-, galacto-, xylo-, manno-, and isomalto-oligosaccharides [IMO] and lactulose, raffinose, starch, inulin [INU], mannitol, and xylitol) tested, IMO, INU, and starch were found to sustain the growth of Prevotella through batch fermentation. The development of the Prevotella and Bacteroides enterotypes was further simulated in chemostats using fecal samples. IMO coupled with faster dilution rates and lower pH were required to sustain the growth of Prevotella copri in the chemostat based on 16S rRNA gene and metagenomic sequencing. Meanwhile, starch with relatively lower dilution rates and higher pH was required to support the development of the Bacteroides enterotype. Amylo-α-1,6-glucosidase, pectin, and xylan lyases were the carbohydrate-active enzymes associated with the Prevotella enterotype. The Bacteroides enterotype was associated with more diversified carbohydrate-active enzymes. Consistently, since honey contains high isomaltose content, mice fed IMO and honey displayed an increased relative abundance of Prevotella in the colon. In conclusion, both in vitro systems and a mouse model were used to demonstrate that IMO maintains the Prevotella enterotype. This result provides insight into the nutritional requirements underlying gut enterotype formation. IMPORTANCE The Prevotella enterotype type is a human traditional enterotype with high dietary fiber intake, which is related to healthy ageing and Parkinson’s disease development. Manipulations of the dwelled gut microbes by dietary isomalto-oligosaccharides efficiently sustained Prevotella type enterotypes, indicating that it can be used in the improvement of elderly health by increasing the gut transit time.
Supersymmetric Q-balls and boson stars in (d + 1) dimensions

We construct supersymmetric Q-balls and boson stars in (d + 1) dimensions. These non-topological solitons are solutions of a scalar field model with global U(1) symmetry and a scalar field potential that appears in gauge-mediated supersymmetry (SUSY) breaking in the minimal supersymmetric extension of the Standard Model (MSSM). We are interested in both the asymptotically flat as well as in the asymptotically Anti-de Sitter (AdS) solutions. In particular, we show that for our choice of the potential gravitating, asymptotically flat boson stars exist in (2 + 1) dimensions. We observe that the behaviour of the mass and charge of the asymptotically flat solutions at the approach of the maximal frequency depends strongly on the number of spatial dimensions. In particular, we find that in the “thick-wall limit” Q-balls are always unstable in flat space-time, but that they can become stable in AdS. Moreover, for the asymptotically AdS solutions the model on the conformal boundary can be interpreted as describing d-dimensional condensates of scalar glueballs.
Hyperfine structure of Li and Be

A large-scale relativistic configuration-interaction (CI) calculation is performed for the magnetic-dipole and the electric-quadrupole hyperfine structure splitting in $^{7,6}\mathrm{Li}$ and $^{9}\mathrm{Be}^{+}$. Numerical results for the $2\phantom{\rule{0.2em}{0ex}}^{2}S$, $3\phantom{\rule{0.2em}{0ex}}^{2}S$, $2\phantom{\rule{0.2em}{0ex}}^{2}P_{1∕2}$, and $2\phantom{\rule{0.2em}{0ex}}^{2}P_{3∕2}$ states are reported. The CI calculation based on the Dirac-Coulomb-Breit Hamiltonian is supplemented with separate treatments of the QED, nuclear-magnetization distribution, recoil, and negative-continuum effects.
On UJ-rings

ABSTRACT UJ-rings are studied, i.e., ring in which all units can be presented in a form 1+x, for some x∈J(R). The behavior of UJ-rings under various algebraic construction is investigated. In particular, it is shown that the problem of lifting the UJ property from a ring R to the polynomial ring R[x] is equivalent to the Köthe’s problem for 𝔽2-algebras.
Deriving the velocity distribution of Galactic dark matter particles from the rotation curve data

The velocity distribution function (VDF) of the hypothetical Weakly Interacting Massive Particles (WIMPs), currently the most favored candidate for the Dark Matter (DM) in the Galaxy, is determined directly from the circular speed ("rotation") curve data of the Galaxy assuming isotropic VDF. This is done by "inverting" --- using Eddington's method --- the Navarro-Frenk-White universal density profile of the DM halo of the Galaxy, the parameters of which are determined, by using Markov Chain Monte Carlo (MCMC) technique, from a recently compiled set of observational data on the Galaxy's rotation curve extended to distances well beyond the visible edge of the disk of the Galaxy. The derived most-likely local isotropic VDF strongly differs from the Maxwellian form assumed in the "Standard Halo Model" (SHM) customarily used in the analysis of the results of WIMP direct-detection experiments. A parametrized (non-Maxwellian) form of the derived most-likely local VDF is given. The astrophysical "g-factor" that determines the effect of the WIMP VDF on the expected event rate in a direct-detection experiment can be lower for the derived most-likely VDF than that for the best Maxwellian fit to it by as much two orders of magnitude at the lowest WIMP mass threshold of a typical experiment.
Reinforcement Learning Based Emotional Editing Constraint Conversation Generation

In recent years, the generation of conversation content based on deep neural networks has attracted many researchers. However, traditional neural language models tend to generate general replies, lacking logical and emotional factors. This paper proposes a conversation content generation model that combines reinforcement learning with emotional editing constraints to generate more meaningful and customizable emotional replies. The model divides the replies into three clauses based on pre-generated keywords and uses the emotional editor to further optimize the final reply. The model combines multi-task learning with multiple indicator rewards to comprehensively optimize the quality of replies. Experiments shows that our model can not only improve the fluency of the replies, but also significantly enhance the logical relevance and emotional relevance of the replies.
Semicircle Law for a Class of Random Matrices with Dependent Entries

In this paper we study ensembles of random symmetric matrices $\X_n = {X_{ij}}_{i,j = 1}^n$ with dependent entries such that $\E X_{ij} = 0$, $\E X_{ij}^2 = \sigma_{ij}^2$, where $\sigma_{ij}$ may be different numbers. Assuming that the average of the normalized sums of variances in each row converges to one and Lindeberg condition holds we prove that the empirical spectral distribution of eigenvalues converges to Wigner's semicircle law.
Quantacell: powerful charging of quantum batteries

We study the problem of charging a quantum battery in finite time. We demonstrate an analytical optimal protocol for the case of a single qubit. Extending this analysis to an array of N qubits, we demonstrate that an N-fold advantage in power per qubit can be achieved when global operations are permitted. The exemplary analytic argument for this quantum advantage in the charging power is backed up by numerical analysis using optimal control techniques. It is demonstrated that the quantum advantage for power holds when, with cyclic operation in mind, initial and final states are required to be separable.
Quasi-best approximation in optimization with PDE constraints

We consider finite element solutions to quadratic optimization problems, where the state depends on the control via a well-posed linear partial differential equation. Exploiting the structure of a suitably reduced optimality system, we prove that the combined error in the state and adjoint state of the variational discretization is bounded by the best approximation error in the underlying discrete spaces. The constant in this bound depends on the inverse square root of the Tikhonov regularization parameter. Furthermore, if the operators of control action and observation are compact, this quasi-best approximation constant becomes independent of the Tikhonov parameter as the mesh size tends to 0 and we give quantitative relationships between mesh size and Tikhonov parameter ensuring this independence. We also derive generalizations of these results when the control variable is discretized or when it is taken from a convex set.
Recovery of Superquadrics from Range Images using Deep Learning: A Preliminary Study

It has been a longstanding goal in computer vision to describe the 3D physical space in terms of parameterized volumetric models that would allow autonomous machines to understand and interact with their surroundings. Such models are typically motivated by human visual perception and aim to represents all elements of the physical word ranging from individual objects to complex scenes using a small set of parameters. One of the de facto stadards to approach this problem are superquadrics - volumetric models that define various 3D shape primitives and can be fitted to actual 3D data (either in the form of point clouds or range images). However, existing solutions to superquadric recovery involve costly iterative fitting procedures, which limit the applicability of such techniques in practice. To alleviate this problem, we explore in this paper the possibility to recover superquadrics from range images without time consuming iterative parameter estimation techniques by using contemporary deep-learning models, more specifically, convolutional neural networks (CNNs). We pose the superquadric recovery problem as a regression task and develop a CNN regressor that is able to estimate the parameters of a superquadric model from a given range image. We train the regressor on a large set of synthetic range images, each containing a single (unrotated) superquadric shape and evaluate the learned model in comparaitve experiments with the current state-of-the-art. Additionally, we also present a qualitative analysis involving a dataset of real-world objects. The results of our experiments show that the proposed regressor not only outperforms the existing state-of-the-art, but also ensures a $270\times$ faster execution time.
Complementary Media Use for Health Information Seeking and the Role of Health Orientation: A Survey Study in India

Mass media are offering numerous ways to obtain health information. As people are facing with a plethora of media sources, it is important to investigate how they navigate and select multiple media sources in the process of searching for health information. With the basis of the channel complementarity theory, the current study aims to explore the patterns of media complementarity for health information seeking in the context of India. Our survey study among 1,005 participants in India showed that media complementarity did not occur within print media (e.g., newspaper, book, magazine) or within broadcast media (e.g., television and radio), but existed between these two categories of media. Also, the Internet had some complementary relationships with both print media and broadcast media. Besides, users’ health orientation served as a moderating factor that strengthened the media complementarity. The theoretical and practical implications were also discussed.
NIRISS aperture masking interferometry: an overview of science opportunities

JWST’s Near-Infrared Imager and Slitless Spectrograph (NIRISS) includes an Aperture Masking Interferometry (AMI) mode designed to be used between 2. 7μm and 4. 8μm. At these wavelengths, it will have the highest angular resolution of any mode on JWST, and, for faint targets, of any existing or planned infrastructure. NIRISS AMI is uniquely suited to detect thermal emission of young massive planets and will permit the characterization of the mid-IR flux of exoplanets discovered by the GPI and SPHERE adaptive optics surveys. It will also directly detect massive planets found by GAIA through astrometric accelerations, providing the first opportunity ever to get both a mass and a flux measurement for non-transiting giant planets. NIRISS AMI will also enable the study of the nuclear environment of AGNs.
A STATISTICAL ANALYSIS OF SEEDS AND OTHER HIGH-CONTRAST EXOPLANET SURVEYS: MASSIVE PLANETS OR LOW-MASS BROWN DWARFS?

We conduct a statistical analysis of a combined sample of direct imaging data, totalling nearly 250 stars. The stars cover a wide range of ages and spectral types, and include five detections (κ And b, two ∼60 MJ brown dwarf companions in the Pleiades, PZ Tel B, and CD−35 2722B). For some analyses we add a currently unpublished set of SEEDS observations, including the detections GJ 504b and GJ 758B. We conduct a uniform, Bayesian analysis of all stellar ages using both membership in a kinematic moving group and activity/rotation age indicators. We then present a new statistical method for computing the likelihood of a substellar distribution function. By performing most of the integrals analytically, we achieve an enormous speedup over brute-force Monte Carlo. We use this method to place upper limits on the maximum semimajor axis of the distribution function derived from radial-velocity planets, finding model-dependent values of ∼30–100 AU. Finally, we model the entire substellar sample, from massive brown dwarfs to a theoretically motivated cutoff at ∼5 MJ, with a single power-law distribution. We find that p(M, a)∝M−0.65 ± 0.60a−0.85 ± 0.39 (1σ errors) provides an adequate fit to our data, with 1.0%–3.1% (68% confidence) of stars hosting 5–70 MJ companions between 10 and 100 AU. This suggests that many of the directly imaged exoplanets known, including most (if not all) of the low-mass companions in our sample, formed by fragmentation in a cloud or disk, and represent the low-mass tail of the brown dwarfs.
Extreme residues of Dedekind zeta functions

Abstract In a family of S d+1-fields (d = 2, 3, 4), we obtain the conjectured upper and lower bounds of the residues of Dedekind zeta functions except for a density zero set. For S 5-fields, we need to assume the strong Artin conjecture. We also show that there exists an infinite family of number fields with the upper and lower bounds, resp.
Pixel-Adaptive Convolutional Neural Networks

Convolutions are the fundamental building blocks of CNNs. The fact that their weights are spatially shared is one of the main reasons for their widespread use, but it is also a major limitation, as it makes convolutions content-agnostic. We propose a pixel-adaptive convolution (PAC) operation, a simple yet effective modification of standard convolutions, in which the filter weights are multiplied with a spatially varying kernel that depends on learnable, local pixel features. PAC is a generalization of several popular filtering techniques and thus can be used for a wide range of use cases. Specifically, we demonstrate state-of-the-art performance when PAC is used for deep joint image upsampling. PAC also offers an effective alternative to fully-connected CRF (Full-CRF), called PAC-CRF, which performs competitively compared to Full-CRF, while being considerably faster. In addition, we also demonstrate that PAC can be used as a drop-in replacement for convolution layers in pre-trained networks, resulting in consistent performance improvements.
Comparison of outcomes in patients with or without ARC‐HBR criteria undergoing PCI with polymer‐free biolimus coated stents: The BioFreedom France study

The polymer‐free biolimus coated stent (BioFreedom) was shown to be superior to bare metal stents in the LEADERS FREE randomized trial in high bleeding risk (HBR) patients treated with 1‐month dual antiplatelet therapy (DAPT). However, there is limited outcome data with this device in an all‐comers' population.
THE H i CHRONICLES OF LITTLE THINGS BCDs: EVIDENCE FOR EXTERNAL PERTURBATIONS IN THE MORPHOLOGY AND KINEMATICS OF HARO 29 AND HARO 36

We analyze high angular and velocity resolution H i line data of two LITTLE THINGS blue compact dwarfs (BCDs): Haro 29 and Haro 36. Both of these BCDs are disturbed morphologically and kinematically. Haro 29's H i data reveal a kinematic major axis that is offset from the optical major axis, and a disturbed outer H i component, indicating that Haro 29 may have had a past interaction. Position–velocity diagrams of Haro 36 indicate that it has two kinematically separate components at its center and a likely tidal tail in front of the galaxy. We find that Haro 36 most likely had an interaction in the past, is currently interacting with an unknown companion, or is a merger remnant.
THE CURIOUS CASE OF GLASS I: HIGH IONIZATION AND VARIABILITY OF DIFFERENT TYPES

Our Spitzer IRS observation of the infrared companion Glass Ib revealed fine-structure emission with high ionization ([Ne iii]/[Ne ii] = 2.1 and [S iv]/[S iii] = 0.6) that indicates that the gas is likely illuminated by hard radiation. While models suggest that extreme-ultraviolet radiation could be present in T Tauri stars, this is the first detection of [S iv] and such a high [Ne iii]/[Ne ii] ratio in a young star. We also find that Glass Ib displays the molecules HCN, CO2, and H2O in emission. Here we investigate the Glass I binary system and consider possible mechanisms that may have caused the high ionization, whether from an outflow or disk irradiation. We also model the spectral energy distributions of Glass Ia and Ib to test if the system is a young member of the Chameleon I star-forming region, and we consider other possible classifications for the system. We find that Glass Ib is highly variable, showing changes in continuum strength and emission features at optical, near-infrared, and mid-infrared wavelengths. The optical light curve indicates that a central stellar component in Glass Ib became entirely visible for 2.5 years beginning in mid-2002 and possibly displayed periodic variability with repeated, short-period dimming during that time. As the fine-structure emission was not detected in observations before or after our Spitzer IRS observation, we explore whether the variable nature of Glass Ib is related to the gas being highly ionized, possibly due to variable accretion or an X-ray flare.