Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Contractual Report of Findings from the National Vietnam Veterans Readjustment Study

ed from the personnel records assQciated with the sampled registry numbers. To project the number of registry numbers required, the 1980 Census of Population's one-percent sample of veterans of the Vietnam era was used to estimate the race/ethnicity distribution of veterans; the est~mated distribution is 4.297 percent Hispanic, 9.064 percent black, and 86.639 percent white and other. Based on VA data and on two recent studies of Vietnam Era veterans (Fischer, Boyle, Bucuvales, &Schulman, 1980; Hammond, 1980), the distribution of veterans of the Vietnam era by sex, ethnicity, and theater status was estimated (Exhibit B-7). Based on these estimates, Hispanic male theater veterans were identified as the smallest subgroup, representing approximately 1.852 percent of the population of Vietnam era veterans. Allowing for a projected screening rate of 56.36 eligible era veterans per 100 Registry numbers, a one-percent missing personnel record rate, and a l8-percent combined location and participation rate, a sample of 34,000 registry numbers was selected to yield the required 300 Hispanic male theater veterans. The size of the registry numQer sample was driven by the requirement that the study sample include an oversample of Hispanic males (to support subgroup analyses). As a result, the registry number sample would yield many more veterans in the larger demographic subgroups (for example, white/other) than were required. The sample of registry numbers was chosen so that each service branch received its proportional allocation of the sample •. The frame of registry numbers was sorted to permit proportional allocation of the within-service sample across the years of the Vietnam era. Chromy's (1979) sequential selection procedure was used to select the sample. Additionally, the 34,000 registry number sample was divided into 10 random subsamples, or replicators. Abstraction data were processed by replicate, permitting in-process projection of certain key sample characteristics. For the supplemental frames, sampling fractions were projected for each stratum based on the desired respondent sample sizes and the estimated count of veterans in each stratum. A total sample of 966 personnel were selected from these supplemental frame samples. This total included 432 personnel from among the 857,836 individuals classified as post-chronological model veterans, and 534 personnel from among the 1,294,159 Reserve and National Guard personnel.
Comparison of Social Networks, Perceived Risk and HIV Risk Behaviors between Older and Younger African Americans Living in High HIV Prevalence Zip Codes of Atlanta, Georgia

The prevalence of HIV/AIDS in the United States is still high despite advances in prevention and therapies. Among all races and ethnic groups, African Americans are the most severely affected and face a disproportionate burden. African Americans account for a higher proportion of HIV infections and deaths than other races and ethnicities. In addition, one of the fastest growing segments of AIDS cases is patients more than 50 years of age. This segment receives little attention concerning HIV infection and as the U.S. population continues to age, it is important to be aware of specific HIV-related risks faced by these older African Americans and to ensure that they get information and services to help protect them from infection. This study aims to understand and compare the social network characteristics, perceived risk of getting HIV infection and HIV risk behaviors between younger (18 to 49 years of age) and older (50 plus years of age) African Americans living in high HIV prevalence zip codes of Atlanta, Georgia. The study population included 897 African Americans. Controlling for socio-demographic variables, multivariate analyses revealed that older African Americans have significant higher proportion of injection drug use, are less likely to get tested for HIV and more likely to have a risky sex partner iv (i.e., exchange sex for money or drugs); however, older African Americans were less likely to engage in sexual risk behaviors. Groups did not differ in terms of their perceived risk for HIV and social network characteristics. More research is necessary to understand their HIV-related risk behaviors, both sexual and drug use, and the specific needs for primary prevention effort of HIV/AIDS transmission among older African Americans. In presenting this thesis as a partial fulfillment of the requirements for an advanced degree from Georgia State University, I agree that the Library of the University shall make it available for inspection and circulation in accordance with its regulations governing materials of this type. I agree that permission to quote from, to copy from, or to publish this thesis may be granted by the author or, in his/her absence, by the professor under whose direction it was written, or in his/her absence, by the Associate Dean, College of Health and Human Sciences. Such quoting, copying, or publishing must be solely for scholarly purposes and will not involve potential financial gain. It is understood that any copying from or publication of this dissertation which …
Broadband rectangular microstrip antenna loaded with a pair of U-shaped slot

In this paper analysis of double U-slot loaded patch antenna is presented. The parameter of the antenna significantly depends on slot dimensions. Bandwidth of the proposed antenna is found 21.59 %. The 3dB beamwidth of the antenna is found to be 90° for the central frequency of 1.9 GHz. The theoretical results obtained from the analysis are compared with IE3D simulated and experimental results which are in good agreement.
A literature survey of conceptions of the role of culture in foreign language education in China (1980–2014)

ABSTRACT The nature of culture and its place in foreign-language teaching (FLT) have been explored at considerable length in Western scholarly literature. These topics have also received the attention of FLT scholars in China, which, with its vast educational system and increasing involvement on the international stage, has the potential to provide an instructive contribution to the debate. The Chinese literature is, however, largely unknown outside the Mandarin-speaking world. We therefore conducted an extensive survey of the relevant literature in China, from its inception in 1980 through 2014. Our aim is to provide a relatively comprehensive overview of the main themes and research perspectives, and the development and current state of culture teaching and intercultural communication studies in that country. This paper presents the main findings of that survey, against the background of the history of Chinese EFL syllabi. The survey indicates that culture is principally perceived from an anthropological or sociological perspective as the way of life. Culture learning is predominantly viewed as static knowledge of products, practices and perspectives rather than a dynamic process of meaning making. There has been a gradual transition in pedagogical theory and practice from the transmission of knowledge about culture and cultures to the development of intercultural communicative competence. Some innovative and empirically based ideas have been proposed, but our findings suggest that the question of culture teaching in FLT has not yet been explored in a thorough-going and systematic manner.
Coronary artery disease epidemic in Pakistan: more electrocardiographic evidence of ischaemia in women than in men

Indo-Pakistani populations have one of the highest risks of coronary artery disease (CAD) in the world. A population-based, cross-sectional survey was conducted on 3143 adults aged ⩾40 years from 12 randomly selected communities in Karachi, Pakistan. Apart from smoking, women had more CAD risk factors (diabetes, hypertension, obesity, dyslipidaemia) than men. Definite CAD (history and Q waves on ECG) was more prevalent in men than in women (6.1% vs 4.0%; p = 0.009). In contrast, ischaemic and major ECG changes were twice as prevalent in women as in men (29.4% vs 15.6%, and 21.0% vs 10.5%; p<0.001 for each, respectively). All measures of CAD were strongly predicted by the metabolic syndrome, but that failed to account for the greater prevalence of ECG abnormalities in women than in men. The findings indicate that one in five middle-aged adults in urban Pakistan may have underlying CAD. Women are at greater risk than men. Trial registration number: NCT00327574
Insecticide-Mediated Up-Regulation of Cytochrome P450 Genes in the Red Flour Beetle (Tribolium castaneum)

Some cytochrome P450 (CYP) genes are known for their rapid up-regulation in response to insecticide exposures in insects. To date, however, limited information is available with respect to the relationships among the insecticide type, insecticide concentration, exposure duration and the up-regulated CYP genes. In this study, we examined the transcriptional response of eight selected CYP genes, including CYP4G7, CYP4Q4, CYP4BR3, CYP12H1, CYP6BK11, CYP9D4, CYP9Z5 and CYP345A1, to each of four insecticides in the red flour beetle, Tribolium castaneum. Reverse transcription quantitative PCR (RT-qPCR) revealed that CYP4G7 and CYP345A1 can be significantly up-regulated by cypermethrin (1.97- and 2.06-fold, respectively), permethrin (2.00- and 2.03-fold) and lambda-cyhalothrin (1.73- and 1.81-fold), whereas CYP4BR3 and CYP345A1 can be significantly up-regulated by imidacloprid (1.99- and 1.83-fold) when 20-day larvae were exposed to each of these insecticides at the concentration of LC20 for 24 h. Our studies also showed that similar levels of up-regulation can be achieved for CYP4G7, CYP4BR3 and CYP345A1 by cypermethrin, permethrin, lambda-cyhalothrin or imidacloprid with approximately one fourth of LC20 in 6 h. Our study demonstrated that up-regulation of these CYP genes was rapid and only required low concentrations of insecticides, and the up-regulation not only depended on the CYP genes but also the type of insecticides. Our results along with those from previous studies also indicated that there were no specific patterns for predicting the up-regulation of specific CYP gene families based on the insecticide classification.
A Survey on Green Mobile Networking: From The Perspectives of Network Operators and Mobile Users

Efficient usage of energy in wireless networks represents a major concern in academia and industry, mainly because of environmental, financial, and quality-of-experience considerations. Various solutions have been proposed to enable efficient energy usage in wireless networks, and these approaches are referred to as green wireless communications and networking. In this survey, we mainly focus on energy-efficient techniques in base stations and mobile terminals as they constitute the major sources of energy consumption in wireless access networks, from the operator and user perspectives, respectively. Unlike the existing articles and surveys, we aim to present a unified treatment of green solutions and analytical models for both network operators and mobile users. Such a unified treatment will help in the future to develop green solutions that enable an improved and balanced efficient usage of energy by operators and end users.
Conflict-free automated guided vehicles routing using multi-objective genetic algorithm

The study presents an algorithm for conflict-free Automated Guided Vehicle (AGV) routing minimizing travel time and total job tardiness. The problem is represented using one sub-chromosome for dispatching represented with random keys and the remaining sub-chromosomes for routing represented with priority-based encoding. The algorithm used weight mapping crossover (WMX) and Insertion Mutation (IM) for priority-based representation and parameterized uniform crossover (PUX) for random-key based representation. Conflict is detected and avoided using the route occupation time of each segment. Numerical experiment was conducted on the developed algorithm.
Reactive object queries: consistent views in object-oriented languages

Maintaining consistency between data throughout a system using scattered, imperative code fragments is challenging. Some mechanisms address this challenge by making data dependencies explicit. Among these mechanisms are reactive collections, which define data dependencies for collections of objects, and object queries, which allow developers to query their program for a subset of objects. However, on their own, both of these mechanisms are limited. Reactive collections require an initial collection to apply reactive operations to and object queries do not update its result as the system changes. Using these two mechanisms in conjunction allows each to mitigate the disadvantage of the other. To do so, object queries need to respond to state changes of the system. In this paper, we propose a combination of both mechanisms, called reactive object queries. Reactive object queries allow the developer to declaratively select all objects in a program that match a particular predicate, creating a view. Additionally, views can be composed of other views using reactive operations. All views are automatically updated when the program state changes. To better integrate with existing imperative systems, we provide fine-grained events signaling view updates. We implemented the proposed concepts in JavaScript. Our initial experience with example applications shows that the combined concept eases the integration of reactive mechanisms with object-oriented environments by avoiding scattered update code.
Demonstration of Genome-Wide Association Studies for Identifying Markers for Wood Property and Male Strobili Traits in Cryptomeria japonica

Genome-wide association studies (GWAS) are an alternative to bi-parental QTL mapping in long-lived perennials. In the present study, we examined the potential of GWAS in conifers using 367 unrelated plus trees of Cryptomeria japonica D. Don, which is the most widely planted and commercially important tree species in Japan, and tried to detect significant associations between wood property traits and quantity of male strobili on the one hand, and 1,032 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) assigned to 1,032 genes on the other. Association analysis was performed with the mixed linear model taking into account kinship relationships and subpopulation structure. In total, 6 SNPs were found to have significant associations with the variations in phenotype. These SNPs were not associated with the positions of known genes and QTLs that have been reported to date, thus they may identify novel QTLs. These 6 SNPs were all found in sequences showing similarities with known genes, although further analysis is required to dissect the ways in which they affect wood property traits and abundance of male strobili. These presumptive QTL loci provide opportunities for improvement of C. japonica, based on a marker approach. The results suggest that GWAS has potential for use in future breeding programs in C. japonica.
Fast and real-time moment computation methods of gray images using image block representation

Moments constitute a well known tool in the field of image analysis and pattern recognition but they suffer from the drawback of high computational cost. Efforts for the reduction of the required computational complexity have been reported, but are mainly focused on binary images. Image Block Representation (IBR) has been introduced some years ago and is applicable only on binary images. The block represented binary image is well suited for fast implementation of various processing and analysis algorithms and a real-time algorithm for the computation of moments has been presented in the past. In this paper an application of the image block representation on gray images and two fast algorithms for the computation of moments are presented. The first algorithm provides the exact moment values and is fast implemented. The second algorithm derives from the first, computes approximated moment values with an error of 2-3% from the exact values and operates in real-time.
A Prototype System for Autism Rehabilitation Based on Broken Mirror Theory

It is seems that the dysfunction of the human mirror neuron system plays an important role in the autism spectrum disorder (ASD). In this paper, we described a novel information system for autism therapy by means of mirror neural training induced by virtual reality in brain-computer interfaces. This system was designed to improve the mirror neuron system's functions of autistic individuals as well as the ability to understand other's intentions by self-interaction in a virtual reality training environment, in which some trials for training such as action observation, facial expression recognition and action imitation were designed.
CNGA3: A Target of Spinal Nitric Oxide/cGMP Signaling and Modulator of Inflammatory Pain Hypersensitivity

A large body of evidence indicates that nitric oxide (NO) and cGMP contribute to central sensitization of pain pathways during inflammatory pain. Here, we investigated the distribution of cyclic nucleotide-gated (CNG) channels in the spinal cord, and identified the CNG channel subunit CNGA3 as a putative cGMP target in nociceptive processing. In situ hybridization revealed that CNGA3 is localized to inhibitory neurons of the dorsal horn of the spinal cord, whereas its distribution in dorsal root ganglia is restricted to non-neuronal cells. CNGA3 expression is upregulated in the superficial dorsal horn of the mouse spinal cord and in dorsal root ganglia following hindpaw inflammation evoked by zymosan. Mice lacking CNGA3 (CNGA3−/− mice) exhibited an increased nociceptive behavior in models of inflammatory pain, whereas their behavior in models of acute or neuropathic pain was normal. Moreover, CNGA3−/− mice developed an exaggerated pain hypersensitivity induced by intrathecal administration of cGMP analogs or NO donors. Our results provide evidence that CNGA3 contributes in an inhibitory manner to the central sensitization of pain pathways during inflammatory pain as a target of NO/cGMP signaling.
A MODAL APPROACH FOR CHAOTIC VIBRATIONS OF A DRILLSTRING

The purpose of this paper is to present a methodology to predict vibrations of drilllstrings for oil recovery service. The paper extends a previous model in the literature to include drill collar flexibility utilizing a modal coordinate condensed, finite element approach. The nonlinear effects of drillstring / borehole contact, friction and quadratic damping are included. Bifurcation diagrams are presented to illustrate the effects of speed, friction, stabilizer gap and drill collar length on chaotic vibration response. A study is conducted on factors for improving the accuracy of Lyapunov Exponents to predict the presence of chaos. This study considers the length of time to steady state, the number and duration of linearization sub-intervals, the presence of rigid body modes and the number of finite elements and modal coordinates. The results may be helpful for computing Lyapunov exponents of other types of nonlinear vibrating systems with many degrees of freedom.
Design of Low-Cost Frequency-Selective Analog and Digital Filters

Classical filter design is typically based on the assumption that the cost is proportional to the filter order. Here we revisit this assumption and show that is may be advantageous to instead use filter structures that have low sensitivity to element errors. We first discuss the mechanism behind the low sensitivity of doubly resistively terminated lossless networks and estimated of the passband deviation due to element errors as well as lossy elements. These estimates yield insight into how the frequency response approximation can be used to reduce the passband sensitivity. Furthermore, we compare the properties of classical approximations, Butterworth, Chebyshev I and II, and Cauer filters from a sensitivity and cost point of view. Finally we compare the sensitivity of three classes of wave digital filter structures: ladder, lattice, and circulator-tree structures. We find it is important that the transmission zeros are created by reflection and not by cancellation as is done in lattice structures. Keyword; low-sensitivity, approximation. analog filters, digital filters, wave digital filters.
Musical Missteps: The Severity of the Sophomore Slump in the Music Industry

This study looks at alternative models of follow-up album success in order to determine if there is a relationship between the decrease in Metascore ratings between the first and second album for a musician or band and the 1) music genre or 2) the number of years between the first and second album release. The results support the dominant thought, which suggests that neither belonging to a certain genre of music nor waiting more or less time to drop the second album makes an artist more susceptible to the Sophomore Slump. This finding is important because it forces us to identify other potential causes for the observed disappointing performance of a generally favorable musician’s second album.
Highly stable power efficient noise tolerant circuits for analog and digital systems

Noise is an important factor in the analog and digital circuits which determine the characteristics of the system. The work aims at developing a noise robust circuit with high frequency response and the same can be implemented in a dynamic logic system with reduced number of transistor and also the dynamic logic will have the probability of signal switching activity to be low which will subsequently reduce the power of the system. The circuits have been constructed using cadence ADE and the same has been simulated with Spectre using 45nm GPDK technology. The simulation results show that the power consumption has been reduced multi-fold and the bandwidth has been increased by 102 Hz and the delay is reduced by 50%.
Novel ant colony optimization approach to optimal control

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to propose a novel ant colony optimization (ACO) approach to optimal control. The standard ACO algorithms have proven to be very powerful optimization metaheuristic for combinatorial optimization problems. They have been demonstrated to work well when applied to various nondeterministic polynomial‐complete problems, such as the travelling salesman problem. In this paper, ACO is reformulated as a model‐free learning algorithm and its properties are discussed.Design/methodology/approach – First, it is described how quantizing the state space of a dynamic system introduces stochasticity in the state transitions and transforms the optimal control problem into a stochastic combinatorial optimization problem, motivating the ACO approach. The algorithm is presented and is applied to the time‐optimal swing‐up and stabilization of an underactuated pendulum. In particular, the effect of different numbers of ants on the performance of the algorithm is studied.Findings – The sim.