Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
On characterizations of Metropolis type algorithms in continuous time

In the continuous time framework, a new definition is proposed for the Metropolis algorithm ( e Xt)t≥0 associated to an a priori given exploratory Markov process (Xt)t≥0 and to a tarjet probability distribution π. It should be the mini- mizer for the relative entropy of the trajectorial law of ( e Xt)t∈(0,T) with respect to the law of (Xt)t∈(0,T), when both processes start with π as initial law and when π is assumed to be reversible for ( e Xt)t≥0. This definition doesn't depend on the time horizon T > 0 and the corresponding minimizing process is not difficult to describe. Even if this procedure can be made general, the details were only worked out in situation of finite jump processes and of compact manifold-valued diffusion processes (a sketch is also given for Markov processes admitting both a diffusive part and a jump part). The proofs rely on an alternative approach to general Gir- sanov transformations in the spirit of Kunita. The case of ϕ-relative entropies is also investigated, in particular to make a link with a previous work of Billera and Diaconis on the traditional Metropolis algorithm in the discrete time setting.
$K$-Clique Community Detection in Social Networks Based on Formal Concept Analysis

With the advent of ubiquitous sensing and networking, future social networks turn into cyber-physical interactions, which are attached with associated social attributes. Therefore, social network analysis is advancing the interconnections among cyber, physical, and social spaces. Community detection is an important issue in social network analysis. Users in a social network usually have some social interactions with their friends in a community because of their common interests or similar profiles. In this paper, an efficient algorithm of <inline-formula><tex-math notation="LaTeX">$k$</tex-math></inline-formula>-clique community detection using formal concept analysis (FCA)—a typical computational intelligence technique, namely, FCA-based <inline-formula><tex-math notation="LaTeX">$k$</tex-math></inline-formula>-clique community detection algorithm, is proposed. First, a formal context is constructed from a given social network by a modified adjacency matrix. Second, we define a type of special concept named <inline-formula><tex-math notation="LaTeX">$k$</tex-math></inline-formula>-equiconcept, which has the same <inline-formula><tex-math notation="LaTeX">$k$</tex-math></inline-formula>-size of extent and intent in a formal concept lattice. Then, we prove that the <inline-formula><tex-math notation="LaTeX">$k$</tex-math></inline-formula>-clique detection problem is equivalent to finding the <inline-formula><tex-math notation="LaTeX">$k$</tex-math></inline-formula>-equiconcepts. Finally, the efficient algorithms for detecting the <inline-formula><tex-math notation="LaTeX">$k$</tex-math></inline-formula>-cliques and <inline-formula><tex-math notation="LaTeX">$k$</tex-math></inline-formula>-clique communities are devised by virtue of <inline-formula><tex-math notation="LaTeX">$k$</tex-math></inline-formula>-equiconcepts and <inline-formula><tex-math notation="LaTeX">$k$</tex-math></inline-formula>-intent concepts, respectively. Experimental results demonstrate that the proposed algorithm has a higher <inline-formula><tex-math notation="LaTeX">$F$</tex-math></inline-formula>-measure value and significantly reduces the computational cost compared with previous works. In addition, a correlation between <inline-formula><tex-math notation="LaTeX">$k$</tex-math></inline-formula> and the number of <inline-formula><tex-math notation="LaTeX">$k$</tex-math></inline-formula>-clique communities is investigated.
Substance P increases liver fibrosis by differential changes in senescence of cholangiocytes and hepatic stellate cells

Substance P (SP) is involved in the proliferation of cholangiocytes in bile duct–ligated (BDL) mice and human cholangiocarcinoma growth by interacting with the neurokinin‐1 receptor (NK‐1R). To identify whether SP regulates liver fibrosis during cholestasis, wild‐type or NK‐1R knockout (NK‐1R–/–) mice that received BDL or sham surgery and multidrug resistance protein 2 knockout (Mdr2–/–) mice treated with either an NK‐1R antagonist (L‐733,060) or saline were used. Additionally, wild‐type mice were treated with SP or saline intraperitoneally. In vivo, there was increased expression of tachykinin precursor 1 (coding SP) and NK‐1R in both BDL and Mdr2–/– mice compared to wild‐type mice. Expression of tachykinin precursor 1 and NK‐1R was significantly higher in liver samples from primary sclerosing cholangitis patients compared to healthy controls. Knockout of NK‐1R decreased BDL‐induced liver fibrosis, and treatment with L‐733,060 resulted in decreased liver fibrosis in Mdr2–/– mice, which was shown by decreased sirius red staining, fibrosis gene and protein expression, and reduced transforming growth factor‐β1 levels in serum and cholangiocyte supernatants. Furthermore, we observed that reduced liver fibrosis in NK‐1R–/– mice with BDL surgery or Mdr2–/– mice treated with L‐733,060 was associated with enhanced cellular senescence of hepatic stellate cells and decreased senescence of cholangiocytes. In vitro, L‐733,060 inhibited SP‐induced expression of fibrotic genes in hepatic stellate cells and cholangiocytes; treatment with L‐733,060 partially reversed the SP‐induced decrease of senescence gene expression in cultured hepatic stellate cells and the SP‐induced increase of senescence‐related gene expression in cultured cholangiocytes. Conclusion: Collectively, our results demonstrate the regulatory effects of the SP/NK‐1R axis on liver fibrosis through changes in cellular senescence during cholestatic liver injury. (Hepatology 2017;66:528–541).
Autoantibodies in Autoimmune Liver Diseases—Methods of Detection and Interpretation

Autoimmune liver disease (AILD) is a type of chronic liver disease with autoimmune etiology. The diagnosis of the disease is multipronged and detection of autoantibodies in AILDs is an important diagnostic tool and it also helps in the classification of the disease. There are multiple autoantibodies that are detected in AILDs but none is diagnostic. Moreover, these autoantibodies are detected in many other pathological and nonpathological conditions. So the significance of seropositivity for these autoantibodies should be known by both the pathologists as well as the clinicians. In addition, there is prognostic significance associated with some of the antibodies and they also sometimes help in the disease monitoring. The whole array of antibodies detected in AILDs is discussed in detail in this review along with their clinical significance and interpretation.
Quantitative Trait Nucleotide Analysis Using Bayesian Model Selection

Abstract Although much attention has been given to statistical genetic methods for the initial localization and fine mapping of quantitative trait loci (QTLs), little methodological work has been done to date on the problem of statistically identifying the most likely functional polymorphisms using sequence data. In this paper we provide a general statistical genetic framework, called Bayesian quantitative trait nucleotide (BQTN) analysis, for assessing the likely functional status of genetic variants. The approach requires the initial enumeration of all genetic variants in a set of resequenced individuals. These polymorphisms are then typed in a large number of individuals (potentially in families), and marker variation is related to quantitative phenotypic variation using Bayesian model selection and averaging. For each sequence variant a posterior probability of effect is obtained and can be used to prioritize additional molecular functional experiments. An example of this quantitative nucleotide analysis is provided using the GAW12 simulated data. The results show that the BQTN method may be useful for choosing the most likely functional variants within a gene (or set of genes). We also include instructions on how to use our computer program, SOLAR, for association analysis and BQTN analysis.
On the Proper Role of Coercion in Semantic Typing

In this paper, we discuss the phenomenon of logical polysemy in natural language as addressed by Generative Lexicon Theory. We discuss generally the role of type and sortal coercion operations in the semantics, and specifically the conditions on the application of coercion in aspectual predicates and other contexts. We reply to some recent discussion regarding the use of coercion in the grammar, and show that type changing operations are both useful and explanatory mechanisms for capturing linguistic and computational generalizations.
Visual control of flight speed in Drosophila melanogaster

SUMMARY Flight control in insects depends on self-induced image motion (optic flow), which the visual system must process to generate appropriate corrective steering maneuvers. Classic experiments in tethered insects applied rigorous system identification techniques for the analysis of turning reactions in the presence of rotating pattern stimuli delivered in open-loop. However, the functional relevance of these measurements for visual free-flight control remains equivocal due to the largely unknown effects of the highly constrained experimental conditions. To perform a systems analysis of the visual flight speed response under free-flight conditions, we implemented a `one-parameter open-loop' paradigm using `TrackFly' in a wind tunnel equipped with real-time tracking and virtual reality display technology. Upwind flying flies were stimulated with sine gratings of varying temporal and spatial frequencies, and the resulting speed responses were measured from the resulting flight speed reactions. To control flight speed, the visual system of the fruit fly extracts linear pattern velocity robustly over a broad range of spatio–temporal frequencies. The speed signal is used for a proportional control of flight speed within locomotor limits. The extraction of pattern velocity over a broad spatio–temporal frequency range may require more sophisticated motion processing mechanisms than those identified in flies so far. In Drosophila, the neuromotor pathways underlying flight speed control may be suitably explored by applying advanced genetic techniques, for which our data can serve as a baseline. Finally, the high-level control principles identified in the fly can be meaningfully transferred into a robotic context, such as for the robust and efficient control of autonomous flying micro air vehicles.
Association of Myelopathy Scores With Cervical Sagittal Balance and Normalized Spinal Cord Volume: Analysis of 56 Preoperative Cases From the AOSpine North America Myelopathy Study

Study Design. Post hoc analysis of prospectively collected data. Objective. Development of methods to determine in vivo spinal cord dimensions and application to correlate preoperative alignment, myelopathy, and health-related quality-of-life scores in patients with cervical spondylotic myelopathy (CSM). Summary of Background Data. CSM is the leading cause of spinal cord dysfunction. The association between cervical alignment, sagittal balance, and myelopathy has not been well characterized. Methods. This was a post hoc analysis of the prospective, multicenter AOSpine North America CSM study. Inclusion criteria for this study required preoperative cervical magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and neutral sagittal cervical radiography. Techniques for MRI assessment of spinal cord dimensions were developed. Correlations between imaging and health-related quality-of-life scores were assessed. Results. Fifty-six patients met inclusion criteria (mean age = 55.4 yr). The modified Japanese Orthopedic Association (mJOA) scores correlated with C2–C7 sagittal vertical axis (SVA) (r = −0.282, P = 0.035). Spinal cord volume correlated with cord length (r = 0.472, P < 0.001) and cord average cross-sectional area (r = 0.957, P < 0.001). For all patients, no correlations were found between MRI measurements of spinal cord length, volume, mean cross-sectional area or surface area, and outcomes. For patients with cervical lordosis, mJOA scores correlated positively with cord volume (r = 0.366, P = 0.022), external cord area (r = 0.399, P = 0.012), and mean cross-sectional cord area (r = 0.345, P = 0.031). In contrast, for patients with cervical kyphosis, mJOA scores correlated negatively with cord volume (r = −0.496, P = 0.043) and mean cross-sectional cord area (r = −0.535, P = 0.027). Conclusion. This study is the first to correlate cervical sagittal balance (C2–C7 SVA) to myelopathy severity. We found a moderate negative correlation in kyphotic patients of cord volume and cross-sectional area to mJOA scores. The opposite (positive correlation) was found for lordotic patients, suggesting a relationship of cord volume to myelopathy that differs on the basis of sagittal alignment. It is interesting to note that sagittal balance but not kyphosis is tied to myelopathy score. Future work will correlate alignment changes to cord morphology changes and myelopathy outcomes. Summary Statements. This is the first study to correlate sagittal balance (C2–C7 SVA) to myelopathy severity. We found a moderate negative correlation in kyphotic patients of cord volume and cross-sectional area to mJOA scores. The opposite (positive correlation) was found for lordotic patients, suggesting a relationship of cord volume to myelopathy that differs on the basis of sagittal alignment.
Study Of Performance Parameters Effects On OFDM Systems

The actual and next communication schemes tend to use OFDM systems in order to provide high baud rates, less intercarrier interference, and less intersymbol interference. OFDM has become the core of most 4G communication systems as fixed Wi- Fi system (IEEE802.11a standard), mobile Wi-Fi system (IEEE802.11b standard), fixed WiMAX system (IEEE802.16a standard), mobile WiMAX system (IEEE802.16e standard), and Long Term Evolution (LTE) system. In this paper the detailed simulation of different OFDM systems with different constellation mapping schemes will be obtained using MATLAB-2011 program to study the effect of various design parameters on the
Author`s Reply

We thank you for your comments on our study published in the September 2014 issue of The Anatolian Journal of Cardiology entitled "Assessment of serum hepcidin levels in patients with non-ST elevation myocardial infarction (NSTEMI). " (1). They have raised some questions. Hepcidin is produced mainly in the liver and increases in response to inflammation, and its expression is regulated by anemia, hypoxia, and inflammation (2). In this single-center study, we evaluated whether the level of hepcidin increased in the acute phase in NSTEMI, known as acute inflammatory aggravation of a chronic atherosclerotic process. There are conflicting results for hepcidin in coronary artery disease patients (3, 4). The first remark was about blood sampling time and symptom onset. We did not investigate hepcidin kinetics in this study; our aim was fundamentally to use hepcidin as a new cardiac marker instead of troponin. Another remark was about the time interval between the onset of the symptoms and blood sampling. According to our study design, we aimed to compare hepcidin levels with troponin levels in the diagnosis of NSTEMI. It is important that the hepcidin levels did not increase; meanwhile, the levels of troponin were increased in NSTEMI patients in the acute phase. The observed differences in these parameters, performed simultaneously from the same patients, forced us to think that there was no need to take the time interval between the onset of symptoms and blood sampling. The other remark was about the study of Suzuki et al. (4). The patient population and the design of the two studies were different, as the authors (4) studied ST elevation myocardial infarction patients, but we did not. Also, the sample of their study was extremely low, and their aim was also different. As stated in the criticism, if we performed a correlation analysis between CRP and hepcidin levels, it should have corroborated our results, showing hepcidin as a surrogate marker of inflammation.
Categories of Emotion names in Web retrieved texts

The categorization of emotion names, i.e., the grouping of emotion words that have similar emotional connotations together, is a key tool of Social Psychology used to explore people’s knowledge about emotions. Without exception, the studies following that research line were based on the gauging of the perceived similarity between emotion names by the participants of the experiments. Here we propose and examine a new approach to study the categories of emotion names the similarities between target emotion names are obtained by comparing the contexts in which they appear in texts retrieved from the World Wide Web. This comparison does not account for any explicit semantic information; it simply counts the number of common words or lexical items used in the contexts. This procedure allows us to write the entries of the similarity matrix as dot products in a linear vector space of contexts. The properties of this matrix were then explored using Multidimensional Scaling Analysis and Hierarchical Clustering. Our main findings, namely, the underlying dimension of the emotion space and the categories of emotion names, were consistent with those based on people’s judgments of emotion names similarities.
Optimizing success in supply chain partnerships

Purpose – The purpose of this research is to take an emergent process theory perspective and model the supply chain partnering process as a series of four linked models that correspond to the phases of the partnership lifecycle, from initiation to maturity/termination, and discuss the management issues in those phases critical for optimal success of partnerships. The framework developed in this paper provides a road‐map to manage and optimize realization of partnership benefits.Design/methodology/approach – The “partnership formation to business value” process is described as a series of four linked models that correspond to the phases of partnership lifecycle: foundation, implementation, shakedown, and onwards and upwards. The outcomes of one phase become starting conditions for the next. Thus, decisions and actions in a phase may subsequently increase or decrease the potential for optimal success.Findings – Optimal partnership success is conceptualized and a framework for approaching optimal success in .
Downlink MIMO Systems Using Cooperation Among Base Stations in a Slow Fading Channel

To increase the achievable sum rate of downlink MIMO (Multiple Input Multiple Output) systems, the cooperation among Base Stations (BS) is investigated in a slow fading channel. Three levels of BS coordination are considered: full coordination, partial coordination, and no coordination. This paper assumes that the downlink MIMO channel state information (CSI) is sent to the corresponding BS through a feedback link with some delay. In a fully coordinated system, the CSI at each BS needs to be collected at the central coordinator, and this process may result in significant additional delay. In this paper, the achievable throughput of each coordination level is evaluated and compared including the effects of the delay in CSI. A quasi-static fading is considered where the channel is static within one codeword, but it gradually changes over time based on the well-known Jake's model. Also, dirty paper coding (DPC) is applied, which is a transmission method shown to achieve the sum capacity of MIMO broadcast channels (BC). The results show that under certain delay conditions, the partially-coordinated system outperforms the fully-coordinated system. In addition, this paper presents a new partial-coordination method that provides higher throughput than the conventional partial-coordinated system.
Transient skin effect in power electronic applications

This study describes transient electromagnetic phenomena in electrical conductors that are connected to modern power electronic circuits and therefore subjected to current controlled pulses with fast rise times and high peak current ratings. Electromagnetic field diffusion is discussed and a brief review of alternating current skin effect phenomena is presented before it is generalised to transient regimes of operation. It is shown that the magnetic field diffuses into the conductor from the outside on the initiation of a current pulse and therefore the axial current density distribution inside the conductor changes with time under a transient current due to the well-known electromagnetic relations – the current begins at the conductor surface and diffuses inwards. The implications of such behaviour are briefly discussed in the context of modern power electronics and its applications.
A Polymerase Chain Reaction Based DNA Fingerprinting Technique: Amplified Fragment Length Polymorphism for Molecular Typing of Perchlorate Reducing Bacteria

Genetic profiling of environmentally important organisms is very essential for easy identification of biodegrading bacteria. In the previous study, we have reported the perchlorate biodegrading bacteria and characterized them by biochemical analysis and 16 S sequencing. We have observed a very similar isolates of Arthrobacter (Actinobacteria) degrading 4.1 mM and 4.7 mM of ammonium perchlorate [1] 08D0C9EA79F9BACE118C8200AA004BA90B02000000080000000E0000005F005200650066003300390038003100390037003300340037000000 . In this study, we report PCR based DNA fingerprinting technique to generate the genomic signature of these closely related group of Arthrobacter species. This study also effectively generates unique genomic signature for each of these isolates that has potential for use in molecular monitoring as well as for tracking genomic variation and rearrangements.
Highly Accurate Antibody Assays for Early and Rapid Detection of Tuberculosis in African and Asian Elephants

ABSTRACT Tuberculosis (TB) in elephants is a reemerging zoonotic disease caused primarily by Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Current methods for screening and diagnosis rely on trunk wash culture, which has serious limitations due to low test sensitivity, slow turnaround time, and variable sample quality. Innovative and more efficient diagnostic tools are urgently needed. We describe three novel serologic techniques, the ElephantTB Stat-Pak kit, multiantigen print immunoassay, and dual-path platform VetTB test, for rapid antibody detection in elephants. The study was performed with serum samples from 236 captive African and Asian elephants from 53 different locations in the United States and Europe. The elephants were divided into three groups based on disease status and history of exposure: (i) 26 animals with culture-confirmed TB due to M. tuberculosis or Mycobacterium bovis, (ii) 63 exposed elephants from known-infected herds that had never produced a culture-positive result from trunk wash samples, and (iii) 147 elephants without clinical symptoms suggestive of TB, with consistently negative trunk wash culture results, and with no history of potential exposure to TB in the past 5 years. Elephants with culture-confirmed TB and a proportion of exposed but trunk wash culture-negative elephants produced robust antibody responses to multiple antigens of M. tuberculosis, with seroconversions detectable years before TB-positive cultures were obtained from trunk wash specimens. ESAT-6 and CFP10 proteins were immunodominant antigens recognized by elephant antibodies during disease. The serologic assays demonstrated 100% sensitivity and 95 to 100% specificity. Rapid and accurate antibody tests to identify infected elephants will likely allow earlier and more efficient treatment, thus limiting transmission of infection to other susceptible animals and to humans.