Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Bioaccessibility of Bioactive Compounds and Antioxidant Capacityfrom Orange Peel after Pulsed Electric Fields and High Voltage Electrical Discharges

In the present study changes of bioactive compounds and antioxidant capacity in orange peel treated by pulsed electric fields (PEF), high voltage electrical discharges (HVED) at two equivalent energy inputs (55-364 kJ/kg) as well as relative bioaccessibility was evaluated. PEF treatment led to decrease in ascorbic acid when energy input increased. Moreover TPC after PEF and HVED treatments increased significantly with higher energy input applied. By contrast, HVED at 364 kJ/kg diminished carotenoids content. The relative bioaccessibility of carotenoids after HVED (55 kJ/kg)was 75.3%. When increasing the energy input from 55 to 364 kJ/kg in HVED the bioaccessibility percentage of carotenoids increased in a 82.5%. On the other hand TPC bioaccessibility for PEF at lower energy input was 40.7%. However increasing the energy input to 364 kJ/kg led to decrease of the TPC independently of treatment applied. Consequently, results indicated that non thermal treatments such as (PEF, HVED) can enhance the release of bioactive compounds and total antioxidant capacity after in vitrogastrointestinal digestion in orange peel. However, further research is required tooptimize processing conditions. In the present study changes of bioactive compounds and antioxidant capacity in orange peel treated by pulsed electric fields (PEF), high voltage electrical discharges (HVED) at two equivalent energy inputs (55-364 kJ/kg) as well as relative bioaccessibility was evaluated. PEF treatment led to decrease in ascorbic acid when energy input increased. Moreover TPC after PEF and HVED treatments increased significantly with higher energy input applied. By contrast, HVED at 364 kJ/kg diminished carotenoids content. The relative bioaccessibility of carotenoids after HVED (55 kJ/kg)was 75.3%. When increasing the energy input from 55 to 364 kJ/kg in HVED the bioaccessibility percentage of carotenoids increased in a 82.5%. On the other hand TPC bioaccessibility for PEF at lower energy input was 40.7%. However increasing the energy input to 364 kJ/kg led to decrease of the TPC independently of treatment applied. Consequently, results indicated that non thermal treatments such as (PEF, HVED) can enhance the release of bioactive compounds and total antioxidant capacity after in vitro gastrointestinal digestion in orange peel. However, further research is required tooptimize processing conditions.
The Effect of Fluoroethylene Carbonate as an Additive on the Solid Electrolyte Interphase on Silicon Lithium-Ion Electrodes

Fluoroethylene carbonate (FEC) has become a standard electrolyte additive for use with silicon negative electrodes, but how FEC affects solid electrolyte interphase (SEI) formation on the silicon anode’s surface is still not well understood. Herein, SEI formed from LiPF6-based carbonate electrolytes, with and without FEC, were investigated on 50 nm thick amorphous silicon thin film electrodes to understand the role of FEC on silicon electrode surface reactions. In contrast to previous work, anhydrous and anoxic techniques were used to prevent air and moisture contamination of prepared SEI films. This allowed for accurate characterization of the SEI structure and composition by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and time-of-flight secondary ion mass spectrometry depth profiling. These results show that FEC reduction leads to fluoride ion and LiF formation, consistent with previous computational and experimental results. Surprisingly, we also find that these species decrease lithium-ion solubility and increas.
Environmentally constrained siting and sizing of Distributed Generation

Distributed Generation (DG) technologies are gaining more popularity as an option to satisfy customer energy and capacity needs. On the other hand, DG technologies have the potential to provide better service at a lower cost in many applications since the extra capital expenditure in transmission and distribution grid reinforcement is avoided. Several researchers have worked on the problem of siting and sizing of DG resources within a power network. This paper discusses adding environmental constraints to assure the environmental benefits for DG addition.
Encouraging Cooperation in Multi-Hop Wireless Networks

We present Catch, a protocol that encourages cooperation in multi-hop wireless networks comprised of autonomous nodes. While these nodes depend on each other to relay packets, scarce bandwidth and energy resources may motivate some nodes to cheat and avoid packet forwarding. Catch employs a novel technique based on anonymous messages to significantly increase the difficulty of cheating with impunity. Existing routing protocols simply assume that nodes will act cooperatively and have no mechanisms to encourage this behavior or punish cheaters. Catch imposes minimal requirements and overheads on the system, and so is broadly applicable across routing protocols and system workloads. We show that Catch makes cheating counter-productive, thus encouraging the cooperative behavior on which multi-hop wireless networks are predicated. We evaluate Catch on an 802.11 wireless testbed, as well as through simulation.
The automatic measurement of facial beauty

We develop an automatic facial beauty scoring system based on ratios between facial features. After isolating the face, eyes, eyebrows and mouth in a portrait photograph, we represent a face abstractly as an 8-element vector of ratios between these features. We use a variant of the K-nearest neighbor algorithm, in the context of a parameterized metric space optimized using a genetic algorithm, to learn a beauty assignment function from a training set of photographs rated by humans. We assess performance on a test set of photographs, concluding that when facial ratios are accurately extracted in the computer vision phase, the results of the program are highly correlated with median-human ratings of beauty.
Algorithms and programming models for efficient representation of XML for Internet applications

Abstract XML is poised to take the World-Wide-Web to the next level of innovation. XML data, large or small, with or without associated schema, will be exchanged between increasing numbers of applications running on diverse devices. Efficient storage and transportation of such data is an important issue. We have designed a system called Millau and a series of algorithms for efficient encoding and representation of XML structures. In this paper we describe some of the newer algorithms and APIs in our system for compression of XML structures and data. Our compression algorithms, in addition to separating structure and text for compression, take advantage of the associated schema (if available) in compressing the structure. We also quantify XML documents and their schema with the purpose of defining a decision logic to apply the appropriate compression algorithm for a document or a set of documents following a particular schema. Our system also defines a programming model corresponding to XML Document Object Model and Simple API for XML streams and documents in compressed form. Our experiments have shown significant performance gains of our algorithms and APIs. We describe some of these results in this paper. We also describe some Web applications based on our system.
E_7(7) on the Light Cone

We use the Cremmer-Julia E_7(7) non-linear symmetry of N=8 Supergravity to derive its order $\kappa^2$ on-shell Hamiltonian in terms of one chiral light-cone superfield. By requiring that E_7(7) commute with the super-Poincare group, we deduce to lowest non-trivial order in $\kappa$, the light cone E_7(7) transformations of all fields of the theory, including the graviton. We then derive the dynamical supersymmetry transformation to order $\kappa^2$, and express the Hamiltonian as a quadratic form in the chiral superfield.
High-quality anatomical structure enhancement for cardiac image dynamic volume rendering

Dynamic volume rendering of the beating heart is an important element in cardiac disease diagnosis and therapy planning, providing the clinician with insight into the internal cardiac structure and functional behavior. Most clinical applications tend to focus upon a particular set of organ structures, and in the case of cardiac imaging, it would be helpful to embed anatomical features into the dynamic volume that are of particular importance to an intervention. A uniform transfer function (TF), such as is generally employed in volume rendering, cannot effectively isolate such structures because of the lack of spatial information and the small intensity differences between adjacent tissues. Explicit segmentation is a powerful way to approach this problem, which usually yields a single binary mask volume (MV), where a unit value in a voxel within the MV acts as a tag label representing the anatomical structure of interest (ASOI). These labels are used to determine the TF employed to adjust the ASOI display. Traditional approaches for rendering such segmented volumetric datasets usually deliver unsatisfactory results, such as noninteractive rendering speed, low image quality, intermixing artifacts along the rendered subvolume boundaries, and speckle noise. In this paper, we introduce a new "color coding" approach, based on the graphics processing unit (GPU) accelerated raycasting algorithm and a pre-integrated voxel classification method, to address this problem. The mask tag labels derived from segmentation are first smoothed with a Gaussian filter, and multiple TFs are designed for each of the MVs and the source cardiac volume respectively, mapping the voxel's intensity to color and opacity at each sampling point along the casting ray. The resultant values are composited together using a boundary color adjustment technique, which acts as "coding" the segmented anatomical structure information into the rendered source volume of the beating heart. Our algorithm produces high image quality in real-time without introducing intermixing artifacts in the rendered 4-dimensional (4D) cardiac volumes.
Distal Effect of Amino Acid Substitutions in CYP2C9 Polymorphic Variants Causes Differences in Interatomic Interactions against (S)-Warfarin

Cytochrome P450 2C9 (CYP2C9) is crucial in excretion of commonly prescribed drugs. However, changes in metabolic activity caused by CYP2C9 polymorphisms inevitably result in adverse drug effects. CYP2C9*2 and *3 are prevalent in Caucasian populations whereas CYP2C9*13 is remarkable in Asian populations. Single amino acid substitutions caused by these mutations are located outside catalytic cavity but affect kinetic activities of mutants compared to wild-type enzyme. To relate distal effects of these mutations and defective drug metabolisms, simulations of CYP2C9 binding to anti-coagulant (S)-warfarin were performed as a system model. Representative (S)-warfarin-bound forms of wild-type and mutants were sorted and assessed through knowledge-based scoring function. Interatomic interactions towards (S)-warfarin were predicted to be less favorable in mutant structures in correlation with larger distance between hydroxylation site of (S)-warfarin and reactive oxyferryl heme than wild-type structure. Using computational approach could delineate complication of CYP polymorphism in management of drug therapy.
Testing Part of a DSGE Model by Indirect Inference

We propose a way of testing a subset of equations of a DSGE model. The test draws on statistical inference for limited information models and the use of indirect inference to test DSGE models. Using the numerical small sample distribution of our test for two subsets of equations of the Smets-Wouters model we show that the test has accurate size and good power in small samples, and better power than using asymptotic distribution theory. In a test of the Smets-Wouters model on US Great Moderation data we reject the specification of the wage-price but not the expenditure sector. This points to the wage-price sector as the source of overall model rejection.
Fast Rates for Regularized Least-squares Algorithm

Abstract : We develop a theoretical analysis of generalization performances of regularized least-squares on reproducing kernel Hilbert spaces for supervised learning. we show that the concept of effective dimension of an integral operator plays a central role in the definition of a criterion for the choice of the regularization parameter as a function of the number of samples. In fact a minimax analysis is performed which shows asymptotic optimality of the above mentioned criterion.
Optimized streaming of large web 3D applications

In this paper, we present a web framework for optimizing the streaming of large 3D applications to allow an instant interaction independently from network bandwidth or available processing power of the rendering unit. Content that gets continuously refined is already state of the art for many web apps and improves the user experience. To also achieve this for web 3D applications, we combine the progressive transmission of geometry and texture data and additionally, we propose an overall rating function to control the priorities between different media transmission blocks. However, using streaming techniques usually results in low-quality visualizations of the 3D scenes until enough data has been loaded. Therefore, we introduce a novel method based on texture similarities that greatly reduces the amount of textures that must be transmitted while the visual quality of the scene remains almost the same even during loading.
Optimized superposition coding for hybrid soft-transfer and hard-transfer fronthauling in fronthaul-constrained C-RAN systems

This work considers the downlink of a cloud radio access network (C-RAN) in which a baseband processing unit (BBU) sends independent messages to multiple user equipments (UEs) by controlling a set of remote radio heads (RRHs) which are connected to the BBU via finite-capacity fronthaul links. In standard C-RAN systems, it is prescribed that the fronthaul links are used in a soft-transfer mode whereby quantized signals of the baseband signals, that encode the UEs' messages, are transferred on the fronthaul links. Although this approach is advantageous in a sense that the RRHs do not need to have baseband signal processing functionalities, it has been reported that one can achieve better performance with hard-transfer fronthauling scheme, whereby the fronthaul links are used to transfer hard information of the UEs' messages, particularly when the fronthaul links have relatively large capacity. This work proposes a unified scheme that leverages hybrid soft-transfer and hard-transfer fronthauling strategies. This is enabled by a superposition coding where each UE message is split into two submessages that are delivered to the UEs by means of soft-transfer or hard-transfer schemes. Some numerical results are provided to confirm the advantages of the proposed hybrid scheme.
The contribution of TWIK-1 channels to astrocyte K+ current is limited by retention in intracellular compartments

TWIK-1 two-pore domain K+ channels are expressed abundantly in astrocytes. In the present study, we examined the extent to which TWIK-1 contributes to the linear current-voltage (I–V) relationship (passive) K+ membrane conductance, a dominant electrophysiological feature of mature hippocampal astrocytes. Astrocytes from TWIK-1 knockout mice have a more negative resting potential than those from wild type animals and a reduction in both inward rectification and Cs+ permeability. Nevertheless, the overall whole-cell passive conductance is not altered significantly in TWIK-1 knockout astrocytes. The expression of Kir4.1 and TREK-1, two other major astrocytic K+ channels, or of other two-pore K+ channels is not altered in TWIK-1 knockout mice, suggesting that the mild effect of TWIK-1 knockout does not result from compensation by these channels. Fractionation experiments showed that TWIK-1 is primarily localized in intracellular cytoplasmic fractions (55%) and mildly hydrophobic internal compartment fractions (41%), with only 5% in fractions containing plasma membranes. Our study revealed that TWIK-1 proteins are mainly located in the intracellular compartments of hippocampal astrocyte under physiological condition, therefore a minimal contribution of TWIK-1 channels to whole-cell currents is likely attributable to a relatively low level presence of channels in the plasma membrane.
Impact of Ecological Factors on the Diversity and Community Assemblage of the Bacteria Harbored in the Rhizosphere of Hippophae rhamnoides L

There is concerted understanding that soil bacterial communities have the main influence in directing the structure of soil environment yet little is acknowledged about their ecological distribution. We assessed the distribution pattern for the unique community structure and rich diversity of bacteria including Frankia and the connection between environmental factors and ecological distance. Bacterial communities in Hippophae rhamnoides roots were evaluated along 6 geographically distributed sites in Tibet-Sichuan signifying various soil characteristics. Using Illumina MiSeq sequencing the V3V4 region of bacterial 16S rRNA genes, Actinobacteria, Proteobacteria, and Cyanobacteria were found the dominant phyla across all samples, while in Actinobacteria, the Fankia was abundant and total 5 Frankia operational taxonomic units (OTUs) were classified based on 97% sequence similarity, respectively. pH and altitude correlated to (OTUs) richness in bacteria however in Frankia, it was with Shannon’s diversity indicating its significant effect on community. In addition, the geographic distance and soil characters significantly contributed to the variation in the bacteria and Frankia community and diversity. This is the leading and most comprehensive research that has tested ecological distribution of bacterial assemblage. Our findings support that the environmental factors have direct influence on ecological distribution, shaping bacterial community and diversity of Tibetan and non-Tibetan region, China. © 2018 Friends Science Publishers
Coexistence studies between LTE-Hotspot Indoor and earth station of fixed satellite service in the band 3400–3600MHz

3400–3600MHz band is possibly allocated to LTE-Hotspot Indoor (LTE-Hi) in the future. LTE-Hi will share the same frequency band with Fixed Satellite Service (FSS) in 3400–3600MHz. Therefore, the coexistence interference for the LTE-Hi with the FSS earth station should be studied. The deterministic analysis and Monte Carlo simulation are utilized in the coexistence studies to getting the relationship curve of protection distance and isolation. In this paper, we designed two topology models which are used in deterministic analysis and Monte Carlo simulation respectively. The simulation parameters of LTE-Hi are given referring to the parameters of other existing indoor wireless communication systems, such as LTE Pico, Femto or WLAN. The simulation results show that it is necessary to add a reasonable protection distance or additional isolation in the co-channel, and the coexistence of the two systems in adjacent channels is feasible. Maybe the simulation results are useful to application of LTE-Hi in the future.
Spindle assembly checkpoint strength is linked to cell fate in the Caenorhabditis elegans embryo

The spindle assembly checkpoint (SAC) is a conserved mitotic regulator that preserves genome stability by monitoring kinetochore–microtubule attachments and blocking anaphase onset until chromosome biorientation is achieved. Despite its central role in maintaining mitotic fidelity, the ability of the SAC to delay mitotic exit in the presence of kinetochore–microtubule attachment defects (SAC “strength”) appears to vary widely. How different cellular aspects drive this variation remains largely unknown. Here we show that SAC strength is correlated with cell fate during development of Caenorhabditis elegans embryos, with germline-fated cells experiencing longer mitotic delays upon spindle perturbation than somatic cells. These differences are entirely dependent on an intact checkpoint and only partially attributable to differences in cell size. In two-cell embryos, cell size accounts for half of the difference in SAC strength between the larger somatic AB and the smaller germline P1 blastomeres. The remaining difference requires asymmetric cytoplasmic partitioning downstream of PAR polarity proteins, suggesting that checkpoint-regulating factors are distributed asymmetrically during early germ cell divisions. Our results indicate that SAC activity is linked to cell fate and reveal a hitherto unknown interaction between asymmetric cell division and the SAC.
Effects of dietary conjugated linoleic acid on fatty acid composition and cholesterol content of hen egg yolks

The main objectives of the present study were to determine the effect of dietary conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) isomers on the fatty acid composition and cholesterol content of egg-yolk lipids. Forty-five 25-week-old laying hens were randomly distributed into five groups of nine hens each and maintained in individual laying cages, throughout 12 weeks of the experiment. They were assigned to the five treatments that consisted of commercial layer diets containing 0, 5, 10, 15 or 20g pure CLA/kg. Feed intake of hens varied little and insignificantly. Egg mass was uniformly lower (P<0·05) in the hens fed the CLA-enriched diets. Feed conversion efficiency, when expressed per kg eggs, was impaired (P<0·05), although without obvious relation to the dietary CLA concentration. Feeding the CLA-enriched diets resulted in gradually increasing deposition of CLA isomers (P<0·01) in egg-yolk lipids. Saturated fatty acids were increased (P<0·01) and monounsaturated fatty acids decreased (P<0·01). Polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA), when expressed as non-CLA PUFA, were also significantly decreased (P<0·01). The most striking effects (P<0·01) were observed for palmitic (16 : 0) and stearic (18 : 0) acids, which increased from 23·6 to 34% and from 7·8 to 18%, respectively. On the other hand, oleic acid (18 : 1n-9) decreased from 45·8 to 24·3%. Among non-CLA PUFA, linoleic (18 : 2n-6) and α-linolenic (18 : 3n-3) acids were strongly (P<0·01) decreased, from 14·2 to 7·7% and from 1·3 to 0·3%, respectively. The same was true for arachidonic (20:4n-6) and docosahexaenoic (22 : 6n-3) acids. The cholesterol content of egg yolks, when expressed in mg/g yolk, was not affected by the dietary CLA concentrations. In conclusion, unless the adverse effects of CLA feeding to laying hens on the fatty acid profile of egg yolks are eliminated, the CLA-enriched eggs cannot be considered functional food products.
How Aquifer Characteristics of a Watershed Affect Transit Time Distributions of Groundwater

Transit time distributions (TTDs) have a number of applications in the hydrologic sciences. Our work aligns with the group of researchers who use groundwater flow models to assess the transit time distribution of groundwater, not considering the other components of flow that comprise stream water (Kauffman et al., 2008; Sanford et al., 2012; Engdahl, 2017). If the input of a solute is ubiquitous over the watershed and known through time, then a convolution of the TTD and solute input yields the output concentration of groundwater discharging to a well or stream in the watershed over time (Małoszewski and Zuber, 1982).