Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Na+-dependent Ca2+ Extrusion Governs Response Recovery in Frog Olfactory Receptor Cells

To study the mechanism by which Ca2+, which enters during the odor response, is extruded during response recovery, recordings were made from isolated frog olfactory receptor cells using the suction pipette technique, while superfusing the olfactory cilia with solutions of modified ionic composition. When external Na+ was substituted with another cation, the response to odor was greatly prolonged. This prolongation of the response was similar irrespective of whether Na+ was replaced with Li+, which permeates the cyclic nucleotide-gated conductance, or choline, which does not. The prolonged current was greatly reduced by exposure to 300 μM niflumic acid, a blocker of the calcium-activated chloride channel, indicating that it is carried by this conductance, and abolished if Ca2+ was omitted from the external solution, demonstrating that Ca2+ influx is required for its generation. When the cilia were exposed to Na+-free solution after odor stimulation, the recovery of the response to a second stimulus from the adaptation induced by the first was greatly reduced. We conclude that a Na+-dependent Ca2+ extrusion mechanism is present in frog olfactory cilia and that it serves as the main mechanism that returns cytoplasmic Ca2+ concentration to basal levels after stimulation and mediates the normally rapid recovery of the odor response and the restoration of sensitivity after adaptation.
MR imaging in multiple system atrophy: Its role in “splitting” parkinsonism

We report the case of a 59-year-old woman with Multiple System Atrophy cerebellar (MSA-C) type, who presented with two years history of gait unsteadiness associated with dysarthria and bladder incontinence of one-year duration. There was no family history of similar illness. She had hypomimia, with a reduced blink rate. The mini-mental score (Folstein) was 29/30. The patients eye movement revealed slow dysmetric saccades and broken pursuits. Her speech was slow, hypophonic and monotonous. There was cogwheel rigidity of right > left upper extremity. Intention tremor, dyssynergia and dysmetria, and dysdiadokinesia were noted. The muscle stretch reflexes were brisk and her plantar response was ß exor. The gait was broad-based, with variable stride length, poor foot clearance, sway towards the right, with reduced arm swing, and start and turn hesitation. Autonomic function test revealed signiÞ cant postural hypotension (20 mmHg) on tilt table test; mild detrusor over activity with sphincter dyssynergia, signiÞ cant residual urine and reduced bladder capacity on urodynamic assessment. There was no improvement with levo-dopa. A possibility of MSA-c was considered in view of prominent cerebellar signs, Parkinsonism and dysautonomia.
Maternal Employment

Relations between maternal employment and young adults' work and family expectations, and self-efficacy were examined with 721 college students (mean age = 21 years). Young men expected more work hours per day and older retirement age, whereas women expected full-time work at a younger age and more time with spouse and children each week. Individuals with employed mothers reported less traditional family attitudes (e.g., fewer children planned, egalitarian division of household duties). Although women with employed mothers expected to spend less time per week with families than women with nonemployed mothers, men with employed mothers expected to spend more time with their families than men with nonemployed mothers. Women reported greater general, parenting, and work self-efficacy than men, and individuals with employed mothers reported greater parenting self-efficacy. Men with consistently non-employed mothers were particularly likely to report lower self-efficacy. Processes within dual-earner families are discussed as potential mechanisms underlying development of offspring self-efficacy.
Efficacy of Cetuximab in Combination with FOLFIRI in a Patient with KRAS Wild-Type Metastatic Anal Cancer

Anal canal cancer is a rare tumor without clear treatment evidence in the metastatic setting. In terms of the bad prognosis of patients with metastatic anal cancer, further therapeutic options are urgently needed. In this paper we present the case of a 64-year-old man suffering from undifferentiated squamous cell carcinoma with liver metastases. After progression on cisplatin and fluorouracil, tumor tissue was analyzed with respect to anti-EGFR therapy with cetuximab. There was no KRAS mutation and the EGFR expression level in the tumor tissue was 2+; ideal conditions for the immunotherapy. Encouraged by these results we started a therapy using FOLFIRI in combination with cetuximab. Fortunately the patient showed a partial response after 6 cycles. On patient’s preference we did a therapy break of 6 weeks. Within this time period the disease was progressive indicating its aggressiveness. However, the same immunotherapy was able to stabilize the disease for a further 3 months. The patient died 21 months after diagnosis because of liver failure. Nevertheless, from our perspective the combination of FOLFIRI and cetuximab is quite a promising therapeutic option for patients with metastatic anal cancer. Potential predictive factors of the immunochemotherapy are discussed in this paper.
Rhema: A Real-Time In-Situ Intelligent Interface to Help People with Public Speaking

A large number of people rate public speaking as their top fear. What if these individuals were given an intelligent interface that provides live feedback on their speaking skills? In this paper, we present Rhema, an intelligent user interface for Google Glass to help people with public speaking. The interface automatically detects the speaker's volume and speaking rate in real time and provides feedback during the actual delivery of speech. While designing the interface, we experimented with two different strategies of information delivery: 1) Continuous streams of information, and 2) Sparse delivery of recommendation. We evaluated our interface with 30 native English speakers. Each participant presented three speeches (avg. duration 3 minutes) with 2 different feedback strategies (continuous, sparse) and a baseline (no feeback) in a random order. The participants were significantly more pleased (p < 0.05) with their speech while using the sparse feedback strategy over the continuous one and no feedback.
Restless legs syndrome: Evidence for nocturnal hypothalamic‐pituitary‐adrenal system activation

Epidemiological studies consistently point to a relationship between restless legs syndrome (RLS) and cardiovascular disease. The mechanism underlying this association is unclear. Activation of the hypothalamic‐pituitary‐adrenal (HPA) system has been shown to contribute to the metabolic syndrome and an enhanced cardiovascular risk. We investigated cortisol levels as an indicator of HPA system activity in RLS during the nighttime, when RLS symptoms are at their maximum. We assessed nocturnal urinary cortisol excretion in 73 patients with RLS and 34 healthy controls, controlling for age and gender. Urine sampling was paralleled by polysomnographic recordings. We found significantly enhanced nocturnal cortisol excretion in RLS, demonstrating nocturnal HPA system overactivity in RLS. HPA system overactivity is a possible mechanism contributing to the enhanced load of cardiovascular disease in RLS patients. Nocturnal cortisol release showed weak correlations with some polysomnographic parameters of disturbed sleep, making a potential contribution of RLS‐induced sleep disruption to HPA system activation conceivable. © 2010 Movement Disorder Society
Health Education in South Asia: an 'Experiment' With Itinerant Medicine Men

In recent years health planners have increasingly recognised the fact that in South Asia 80 per cent of the doctors and clinical facilities are situated in urban areas and 80 per cent of the people live in rural areas, so that any improvement in public health on the subcontinent must be aimed at the villages. This community-based orientation has entailed a shift of medical ressources away from the establishment of curative facilities in
American Kin Terms and Terms for Kinsmen: A Critique of Goodenough's Componential Analysis of Yankee Kinship Terminology

THE combination of a good anthropologist and an intelligent informant is very hard to beat as this paper by Goodenough clearly shows. If we really want to see just what componential analysis can do, this is the very best place to see it. It is the best place to see what componential analysis can do for a number of different reasons. One is that this paper provides a fine instance of the great difference between a systematically undertaken adequate analysis that aims at completion and programmatic efforts that merely aim at illustration. But the most important reason this paper is the best place to see just what componential analysis can do and how it does it is that the reader can evaluate every step of the procedure. The American reader, like the Yankee author and his informant, is a fluent speaker of the language. The American reader, like the Yankee author, is his own informant. The American reader can easily call on other informants to check the material. But the American reader can do one more thing which is perhaps most important of all, and that is to consider the product of the analysis and evaluate it in terms of his own knowledge of American culture and kinship. In other words, he can take the analytic outcome of this componential analysis and ask if it fits with a new body of ethnographic data which was not used in the analysis. This is a test we can seldom use, but it is one of the best tests of the validity of any analysis. This point is fundamental. When Goodenough provides us with a componential analysis of Trukese kinship terms, he has collected the material himself, analyzed it himself and he is about the only person who really has any command over the basic data. Since practically none of his readers knows Truk as Goodenough does, one of the major bases for the evaluation of any analysis is therefore not generally available to his readers. He knows how his analysis fits the data and, if it did not fit, he would tell us so and tell us where it didn't fit. If there had been inconsistent data he would have resolved the inconsistencies or acknowledged them. But the evaluation by the reader would have to be based on marginal considerations-the connection between data and conclusion, redundancy, internal consistency, and of course, the great "So What! "' The relationship between the basic data and the Procrustean bed in which it is displayed is an especially important one where componential analysis is concerned, for componential anaysis is useful precisely insofar as it
Linking Bacillus cereus Genotypes and Carbohydrate Utilization Capacity

We characterised carbohydrate utilisation of 20 newly sequenced Bacillus cereus strains isolated from food products and food processing environments and two laboratory strains, B. cereus ATCC 10987 and B. cereus ATCC 14579. Subsequently, genome sequences of these strains were analysed together with 11 additional B. cereus reference genomes to provide an overview of the different types of carbohydrate transporters and utilization systems found in B. cereus strains. The combined application of API tests, defined growth media experiments and comparative genomics enabled us to link the carbohydrate utilisation capacity of 22 B. cereus strains with their genome content and in some cases to the panC phylogenetic grouping. A core set of carbohydrates including glucose, fructose, maltose, trehalose, N-acetyl-glucosamine, and ribose could be used by all strains, whereas utilisation of other carbohydrates like xylose, galactose, and lactose, and typical host-derived carbohydrates such as fucose, mannose, N-acetyl-galactosamine and inositol is limited to a subset of strains. Finally, the roles of selected carbohydrate transporters and utilisation systems in specific niches such as soil, foods and the human host are discussed.
The Complexity of Two Register and Skew Arithmetic Computation

We study two register arithmetic computation and skew arithmetic circuits. Our main results are the following: • For commutative computations, we show that an exponential circuit size lower bound for a model of 2-register straight-line programs (SLPs) which is a universal model of computation (unlike width-2 algebraic branching programs that are not universal [AW11]). • For noncommutative computations, we show that Coppersmith’s 2-register SLP model [BOC88], which can efficiently simulate arithmetic formulas in the commutative setting, is not universal. However, assuming the underlying noncommutative ring has quaternions, Coppersmith’s 2-register model can simulate noncommutative formulas efficiently. • We consider skew noncommutative arithmetic circuits and show: – An exponential separation between noncommutative monotone circuits and noncommutative monotone skew circuits. – We define k-regular skew circuits and show that (k + 1)-regular skew circuits are strictly powerful than k-regular skew circuits, where k ≤ n ω(logn) . – We give a deterministic (white box) polynomial-time identity testing algorithm for noncommutative skew circuits. 1 Two register arithmetic computations An arithmetic circuit over a field F and indeterminates X = {x1, x2, · · · , xn} is a directed acyclic graph with each node of indegree zero labeled by a variable or a scalar constant. Each internal node g of the DAG is labeled by + or × (i.e. it is a plus or multiply gate) and is of indegree two. A node of the DAG is designated as the output gate. Each gate of the arithmetic circuit computes a polynomial, in the commutative ring F[X], by adding or multiplying its input polynomials. The polynomial computed at the output gate is the polynomial computed by the circuit. If the indeterminates X = {x1, x2, · · · , xn} are noncommuting with no relations between them, then the circuit is called a noncommutative circuit and it computes a polynomial in the free noncommutative ring F〈X〉. 1 ISSN 1433-8092 Electronic Colloquium on Computational Complexity, Report No. 28 (2014)
Why Teaching Portfolios?

After holding faculty development positions at two colleges, I have discovered two rudimentary axioms. First, new faculty development movements come and go very rapidly (often without any faculty becoming suspicious of their existence). Second, most faculty development movements have little lasting effect on college teachers. Although there are many reasons for this second axiom, a major reason involves a lack of fit between what faculty development specialists believe faculty need and what teachers truly want. Often teaching specialists recommend techniques they believe to be useful across many disciplines. Unfortunately, attempts to address the lowest common denominator often appear bland and, perhaps, even insulting to veteran faculty. Veteran faculty want something that addresses their unique needs. Moreover, veteran faculty usually do not need to be developed; they need renewalrenewal of the spirit. They need a chance to recall and reflect on why they became teachers. They need an opportunity to renew their desire to pass the love of their discipline on to new generations. Renewing veteran faculty requires individualizing at least some aspects of faculty development. While exploring ways to individualize faculty development to better match instructors' needs and styles, I came upon the small but growing body of literature on teaching portfolios. Teaching portfolios can inspire and direct personal renewal. Teaching
Assessing the willingness to change: optimising behaviour change in the management of chronic eye conditions

Background: Globally, low vision self-management programmes remain relatively novel, with limited discussion on how acceptance, motivation and readiness to change affect successful and sustainable behaviour change. Aim: To explore the relationship between acceptance, motivation and readiness to change in a group of people participating in low vision self-management programmes. Methods: A participatory action research framework was used with a steering group comprising clinicians and researchers to identify barriers to participation and challenges in the implementation of a self-management low vision programme in Singapore. Results: Many participants were not ready to make changes as they not only did not accept their condition, but were also unmotivated to make changes. We also found that the programme did not meet the psychosocial needs of the participants. Conclusions: Prior to inclusion in self-management programmes, it is recommended that motivational interviewing strategies are used to assess whether.
Pygmalion and Employee Learning: The Role of Leader Behaviors

The aim of this study was to investigate which leader behaviors mediate the relationship between leader expectations and employee engagement in learning activities. Based on Rosenthal’s Pygmalion model, five potential mediators of the Pygmalion effect were distinguished: leader—member exchange relationship, goal setting (i.e., goal specificity, goal difficulty), providing learning opportunities, and feedback. Data from 904 manager—subordinate dyads in six organizations showed that leader expectations were related to employee engagement in learning activities. Goal specificity, goal difficulty, and providing learning opportunities proved to be mediators. These findings suggest that goal setting lies at the heart of the Pygmalion effect.
Quantifying the Relative Contributions of Forest Change and Climatic Variability to Hydrology in Large Watersheds: A Critical Review of Research Methods

Forest change and climatic variability are two major drivers for influencing change in watershed hydrology in forest–dominated watersheds. Quantifying their relative contributions is important to fully understand their individual effects. This review paper summarizes the progress on quantifying the relative contributions of forest or land cover change and climatic variability to hydrology in large watersheds using available case studies. It compared pros and cons of various research methods, identified research challenges and proposed future research priorities. Our synthesis shows that the relative hydrological effects of forest changes and climatic variability are largely dependent on their own change magnitudes and watershed characteristics. In some severely disturbed watersheds, impacts of forest changes or land use changes can be as important as those from climatic variability. This paper provides a brief review on eight selected research methods for this type of research. Because each method or technique has its own strengths and weaknesses, combining two or more methods is a more robust approach than using any single method alone. Future research priorities include conducting more case studies, refining research methods, and considering mechanism-based research using landscape ecology and geochemistry approaches.
Indoor air pollution from household use of solid fuels

This chapter summarizes the methodology used to assess the burden of disease caused by indoor air pollution from household use of solid fuels. Most research into and control of indoor air pollution worldwide has focused on sources of particular concern in developed countries, such as environmental tobacco smoke (ETS), volatile organic compounds from furnishings and radon from soil. Although these pollutants have impacts on health, little is known about their global distribution. Thus, we focus solely on indoor smoke from household use of solid fuels, the most widespread traditional source of indoor air pollution on a global scale. In order to be consistent with the epidemiological literature, binary classifications of household use of solid fuels (biomass and coal) were used as a practical surrogate for actual exposure to indoor air pollution. Specifically, household solid fuel use was estimated at the national level using binary classifications of exposure to household fuel use, i.e. solid fuel and non-solid fuel (gas, kerosene, electricity). We estimated exposure to smoke from solid fuel by combining a number of national surveys of household fuel use into a regression model that predicts use according to independent, development-related variables, such as income and urbanization. Although this method was necessary owing to the current paucity of quantitative data on exposure, we acknowledge that it overlooks the large variability of exposure within households using solid fuels. As pollution emissions from the use of solid fuel may not always indicate high exposures, we have adjusted exposure estimates by a second term, the ventilation factor, which is based on qualitative measures of ventilation. Estimates of relative risk obtained from epidemiological studies were combined in meta-analyses for three disease end-points for which there is strong evidence of an association with use of solid fuels: acute lower respiratory infections (ALRI) in children aged <5 years, chronic Chapter 18
Nasal Septal Deviation and Concha Bullosa – Do They Have an Impact on Maxillary Sinus Volumes and Prevalence of Maxillary Sinusitis?

Summary Background The aim of the study was to assess if the presence of nasal septal deviation and concha bullosa is connected with the development of sinuses and the incidence of inflammation within them. Material/Methods We retrospectively analysed 214 patients who underwent paranasal sinus computed tomography. There were 125 females and 89 males, the mean age being 47.67±16.74 years (range 18–97). Exclusion criteria included: age under 18 years, prior sinonasal surgery and S-shaped septum. Results Mean volume of the right maxillary sinus was 17.794 cm3, while for the left one it was 17.713 cm3. Nasal septal deviation was found in 79.9% of computed tomography examinations and concha bullosa was observed in 42.1% of the patients’ examinations. There was an association between the presence of unilateral or dominant concha bullosa and contralateral direction of septal deviation [right-sided (p=0.039), left-sided (p=0.003)]. There was higher incidence of bilateral maxillary sinusitis in patients with septal deviation (p=0.007). Bilateral concha bullosa did not influence the incidence of bilateral maxillary sinusitis (p=0.495). Neither septal deviation (right sided: p=0.962; left-sided: p=0.731), nor unilateral/dominant concha bullosa (right: p=0.512; left: p=0,430) affected the asymmetry in volumes of maxillary sinuses. Bilateral concha bullosa was connected with larger volume of maxillary sinuses (right sinus: p=0.005; left sinus: p=0.048). Conclusions Nasal septal deviation, contrary to concha bullosa, has influence on the development of maxillary sinusitis. There is a connection between the presence of concha bullosa and direction of septal deviation. Only bilateral concha bullosa affects maxillary sinus volumes.