Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Dynamics of electronic dephasing in the Fenna–Matthews–Olson complex

Electronic coherence has been shown to persist in the Fenna–Matthews–Olson (FMO) antenna complex from green sulfur bacteria at 77 K for at least 660 fs, several times longer than the typical lifetime of a coherence in a dynamic environment at this temperature. Such long-lived coherence was proposed to improve energy transfer efficiency in photosynthetic systems by allowing an excitation to follow a quantum random walk as it approaches the reaction centre. Here we present a model for bath-induced electronic transitions, demonstrating that the protein matrix protects coherences by globally correlating fluctuations in transition energies. We also quantify the dephasing rates for two particular electronic coherences in the FMO complex at 77 K using two-dimensional Fourier transform electronic spectroscopy and find that the lifetimes of individual coherences are distinct. Within the framework of noise-assisted transport, this result suggests that the FMO complex has been locally tuned by natural selection to optimize transfer efficiency by exploiting quantum coherence.
Evaluation Of The Grey-level Co-occurrence Matrix Method For Land-cover Classification Using Spot Imagery

Absfruct-Nine cover types have been classified using a textural/ spectral approach. The texture analysis is based on the grey-level cooccurrence matrix method. Texture features are created from a SPOT near-infrared image using four texture indices, seven window sizes, and two quantization levels. A supervised classification based on the maximum-likelihood algorithm is applied to the three SPOT multispectral bands combined with each texture image individually and to the three bands combined with all four texture images. Classification accuracy is measured by Kappa coefficients calculated from confusion matrices. A factor analysis, based on principal components, is performed to evaluate the contribution to the classification accuracy of each variable involved in the creation of the texture features. The addition of texture features provides a significant improvement in the classification accuracy of each cover type when compared with the results obtained from the multispectral analysis alone. The window size accounts for 90% of the classification variability, 7% is explained by the statistics used as texture measures, and only 3% by the quantization level. There is a window size that optimizes the discrimination of each cover type.
The ø‐Entropy in the Selection of a Fixed Number of Experiments

Consideration is given to the problem of optimally choosing of a fixed number of experiments in sequential form from a class of available experiments. The applications of o entropy measure in the sequential design of experiments is studied by defining o terminal entropy. Finally, the process is established when a sufficient experiment exists. An illustrative example, which demonstrates the usefulness of the results obtained, is included.
Star Formation Through Cosmic Time

Abstract This paper reviews the star formation history of the Universe, from the first stars to the current day, with emphasis on the critical analysis of the techniques that have been used to determine it, especially considering the role of dust. We consider the first population of stars, the Population III stars, were formed at redshifts ranging as high as z ~ 60, the formation of the Globular Clusters, the main epoch of galaxy formation. In the sub-mm galaxies and high-redshift radio galaxies the collapse of massive galaxies was surprisingly rapid, and that the growth of super-massive black holes at their centers provides the energy input to eject the galactic interstellar medium while at the same time precipitating a final burst of star formation and the ejection of their ISM so that the subsequent evolution of these galaxies is passive.
Structure functions of temperature fluctuations in turbulent shear flows

Structure functions of turbulent temperature and velocity fluctuations are measured both for the atmosphere, in the surface layer over land, and for the laboratory, in the inner region of a thermal boundary layer and on the axis of a heated jet. Even-order temperature structure functions, up to order eight, generally compare favourably with the analysis of Antonia & Van Atta over the inertial subrange. The Reynolds number dependence of these structure functions, as predicted by the analysis, is in qualitative agreement with the measured data. Odd-order temperature structure functions depart significantly from the isotropic value of zero, particularly at large time delays. This departure is reasonably well predicted, over the inertial subrange, by postulating a simple ramp model for the temperature fluctuations. Assumptions involved in this model are directly tested by measurements in the heated jet. The ramp structure does not seriously affect either the even-order temperature structure functions or the mixed velocity-temperature functions, which include even-order moments of the temperature difference.
Low-rank tensor methods for linear systems and eigenvalue problems

This thesis is concerned with methods for the approximate solution of high-dimensional linear systems and eigenvalue problems, using low-rank tensor techniques. In recent years, new low-rank tensor decompositions have been developed, which allow the black box approximation of a tensor at a given accuracy, and still have storage requirements that grow only linearly in the number of dimensions for a fixed rank. We have implemented a Matlab toolbox allowing the storage of a tensor in the Hierarchical Tucker decomposition (HTD), one of the aforementioned low-rank tensor decompositions. Additionally, basic operations such as the addition or inner product of two tensors in HTD are featured. Moreover, we introduce a new variant of approximation in HTD. A detailed description of all operations in the htucker toolbox is provided, as well as many examples. Applications to parameter-dependent linear systems, stochastic elliptic partial differential equations (PDEs), high-dimensional parabolic PDEs and high-dimensional elliptic PDE eigenvalue problems are presented. Through discretization on a tensor grid, our examples result in linear systems, A(X ) = B, and eigenvalue problems, A(X ) = λX . The operator A : Rn1×···×nd → Rn1×···×nd typically is a short sum of Kronecker products of matrices. The approximability of the solution tensor in HTD is discussed for the case of analytically parameter-dependent linear systems. For the case of linear systems, we adapt well-known vector iterations, specifically the preconditioned Richardson, the preconditioned conjugate gradients and the preconditioned BiCGstab methods, to the low-rank case by replacing the iterated tensors with a low-rank approximation in each step. Different schemes for choosing the accuracy of these approximations in each step are presented. The application to a certain space-time discretization of parabolic evolution equations is discussed in detail. For high-dimensional eigenvalue problems a variant of the LOBPCG method, a vector iteration for determining the smallest eigenvalue and the respective eigenvector of a matrix, is developed, following the ideas used for high-dimensional linear systems. Alternatively, we explore the DMRG or (M)ALS method, first introduced in the context of computational quantum chemistry. Finally, a combination of both (M)ALS and our variant of LOBPCG is presented.
Direct probe of anisotropy field dispersion in perpendicular media

A complex transverse alternating-current (ac) susceptibility (χT) technique based on magneto-optical detection has been developed with sufficient sensitivity for thin film recording media. The technique has been used to measure the dispersions in grain size and anisotropy field in perpendicular magnetic recording media. Applying a direct-current (dc) field perpendicular to the easy axis effectively reduces the thermal energy barrier, which leads to thermally activated switching on the time scale of the ac field applied in the easy-axis (perpendicular) direction. The dc field dependence of the resulting imaginary transverse ac susceptibility Im(χT) is sensitive to dispersions in both the grain size and the anisotropy field. The sensitivity has been used to extract the amount of both dispersions. It has been found that the extracted grain size dispersion values agree well with those obtained from plane-view transmission electron microscopy micrographs.
Precise measurement of velocity dependent friction in rotational motion

Frictional losses are experimentally determined for a uniform circular disc exhibiting rotational motion. The clockwise and anticlockwise rotations of the disc, that result when a hanger tied to a thread is released from a certain height, give rise to vertical oscillations of the hanger as the thread winds and unwinds over a pulley attached to the disc. It is thus observed how the maximum height is achieved by the hanger decrements in every bounce. From the decrements, the rotational frictional losses are measured. The precision is enhanced by correlating vertical motion with the angular motion. This method leads to a substantial improvement in precision. Furthermore, the frictional torque is shown to be proportional to the angular speed. The experiment has been successfully employed in the undergraduate lab setting.
Interband cascade laser emitting at λ=3.75μm in continuous wave above room temperature

We report a five-stage interband cascade laser that operates at λ=3. 75μm in cw mode up to a maximum temperature of 319K. With gold electroplating, epitaxial-side-up mounting, and one facet coated for high reflectivity, a 3mm×9. 2μm ridge emits over 10mW of cw power at 300K.
Numerical simulation of the 7 to 9 September 2006 AMMA mesoscale convective system: Evaluation of the dynamics and cloud microphysics using synthetic observations

This paper presents a numerical simulation of a Mesoscale Convective System (MCS) observed during the AMMA (African Monsoon Multidisciplinary Analysis) experiment with the BRAMS model (Brazilian Regional Atmospheric Modelling System). The aim is to document the life cycle of the MCS and to identify key cloud microphysical processes and their signatures by making use of synthetic observations calculated from the simulated fields. These observations: ARM (Atmospheric Radiation Measurement) 95 GHz equivalent radar reflectivity factor and Doppler velocity and infrared brightness temperatures in three SEVIRI (Spinning Enhanced Visible and InfraRed Imager) channels centred at 8.7, 10.6 and 12 µm are simulated using respectively Mie scattering theory and FASDOM (Fast Discrete Ordinate Method), a fast radiative transfer code. Synthetic observations and model variables are compared to various measurements from several platforms (W‐band and Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) ground‐based Doppler radars, soundings, aircraft measurements, and Meteosat Second Generation) to evaluate the model at different scales and to identify the signatures of microphysical properties with a focus on the anvil part of the MCS. A method using both the ARM and the MIT radar data is used to identify the different regimes within the MCS. A relatively good agreement with direct comparisons is found, as well as discrepancies in the microphysical scheme parametrization that clearly need improvements (using in situ measurements). Microphysical signatures are also studied using joint radar reflectivity/Doppler‐height histograms. Their analysis shows that the model tends to overplay the role of the riming processes, even in the anvil part of the MCS. Comparisons of the Particle Size Distributions (simulated and measured in situ) show the model's ability to reproduce complex PSDs (e.g. a multimodal behaviour). Copyright © 2010 Royal Meteorological Society
Optical gas sensing responses in transparent conducting oxides with large free carrier density

Inherent advantages of optical-based sensing devices motivate a need for materials with useful optical responses that can be utilized as thin film functional sensor layers. Transparent conducting metal oxides with large electrical conductivities as typified by Al-doped ZnO (AZO) display attractive properties for high temperature optical gas sensing through strong optical transduction of responses conventionally monitored through changes in measured electrical resistivity. An enhanced optical sensing response in the near-infrared and ultraviolet/visible wavelength ranges is demonstrated experimentally and linked with characteristic modifications to the dielectric constant due to a relatively high concentration of free charge carriers. The impact of light scattering on the magnitude and wavelength dependence of the sensing response is also discussed highlighting the potential for tuning the optical sensing response by controlling the surface roughness of a continuous film or the average particle size of a n.
“A LIFE THAT YOU WOULDN’T HAVE IMAGINED”: QUALITATIVE EVALUATION OF AN HIV-LIVELIHOOD-EMPOWERMENT INTERVENTION FOR SINGLE MOTHERS IN KENYA

Women bear the overwhelming global burden of HIV/AIDS, particularly in low- and middle-income countries (LMIC) where they experience significant social and economic disadvantages. Integrated HIV and livelihood programs (IHLP) simultaneously targeting health promotion and income generation are increasingly being explored as a potential public health best practice for addressing HIV/AIDS in low resource settings, yet evidence remains limited. Moreover, little is known about the participant experience or programs’ broader effects on women’s quality of life. This study examined the impact of an IHLP in Kenya utilizing qualitative interviews to explore participants’ lived experiences. Four themes and ten sub-themes emerged depicting the most salient program outcomes for women: (1) Wellbeing (Physical Health; Emotional Wellness; Spiritual Wellness), (2) Economic Security (Livelihood Skills; Assets & Resources), (3) Empowerment (Empowered Women; Empowered Mothers), and (4) Social Inclusion (Diminished Stigma; Social Support; Social Influence). Overall, results revealed dramatic transformations for many participants—from severe illness, financial instability, and social exclusion to healthy, empowered entrepreneurs considered valued family and community members. While longitudinal evaluation of program effects is needed, these qualitative findings suggest that IHLPs may meaningfully enhance the physical, emotional, economic, and social wellbeing of single mothers facing dual challenges of HIV/AIDS and extreme poverty.
A Twice Denoising Autoencoder Framework for Random Seismic Noise Attenuation

Many seismic denoising algorithms are easily trapped in the dilemma of signal leaking and noise remaining. However, between the two situations, more complex and common situations happen that both signal leaking and noise remaining exist. We have presented a denoising framework for random seismic noise attenuation to mitigate the dilemma and achieve a better denoising performance. The framework consists of a denoising autoencoder (DAE) and data generator. The DAE attenuates random noise without ground truth and works with a vectoring patching technique to reduce time complexity. In the data generator, local correlation (LC) is first developed to nonlinear LC to detect and extract the signal leakage with noise components suppressed. Then, the extracted signal leakage is compensated back to the DAE output in a supersaturated way to generate a new record. After that, DAE is used again to suppress the remaining noise in the new record. The supersaturated compensation of the first signal leakage counteracts the signal leakage of the second DAE noise attenuation. Formally, the proposed framework can be implemented like a nonlinear geological inversion by thinking of the data generator as the forward operator. Four 2-D/3-D synthetic and field examples test the performance of the proposed framework. Experiments demonstrate that the proposed method is effective in random noise attenuation and signal leakage compensation and thus significantly mitigates the mentioned dilemma.
Thermal conductivity modeling of periodic two-dimensional nanocomposites

In this paper, the phonon Boltzmann equation model is established to study the phonon thermal conductivity of nanocomposites with nanowires embedded in a host semiconductor material. Special attention has been paid to cell\char21{}cell interaction using periodic boundary conditions. The simulation shows that the temperature profiles in nanocomposites are very different from those in conventional composites due to ballistic phonon transport at nanoscale. Such temperature profiles cannot be captured by existing models in literature. The general approach is applied to study silicon wire/germanium matrix nanocomposites. We predict the thermal conductivity dependence on the size of the nanowires and the volumetric fraction of the constituent materials. At constant volumetric fraction the smaller the wire diameter, the smaller is the thermal conductivity of periodic two-dimensional nanocomposites. For fixed silicon wire dimension, the lower the atomic percentage of germanium, the lower the thermal conductivity of the nanocomposites. Comparison is also made with the thermal conductivity of superlattices. The results of this study can be used to direct the development of high efficiency thermoelectric materials.
Spatial distribution and temporal variation of tropical mountaintop vegetation through images obtained by drones

Modern UAS (Unmanned Aerial Vehicles) or just drones have emerged with the primary goal of producing maps and imagery with extremely high spatial resolution. The refined information provides a good opportunity to quantify the distribution of vegetation across heterogeneous landscapes, revealing an important strategy for biodiversity conservation. We investigate whether computer vision and machine learning techniques (Object-Based Image Analysis—OBIA method, associated with Random Forest classifier) are effective to classify heterogeneous vegetation arising from ultrahigh-resolution data generated by UAS images. We focus our fieldwork in a highly diverse, seasonally dry, complex mountaintop vegetation system, the campo rupestre or rupestrian grassland, located at Serra do Cipó, Espinhaço Range, Southeastern Brazil. According to our results, all classifications received general accuracy above 0.95, indicating that the methodological approach enabled the identification of subtle variations in species composition, the capture of detailed vegetation and landscape features, and the recognition of vegetation types’ phenophases. Therefore, our study demonstrated that the machine learning approach and combination between OBIA method and Random Forest classifier, generated extremely high accuracy classification, reducing the misclassified pixels, and providing valuable data for the classification of complex vegetation systems such as the campo rupestre mountaintop grassland.
Analisis Pengelolaan Keuangan Daerah Terhadap Akuntabilitas Kinerja Pemerintah Kabupaten Boalemo

This research was conducted to analyze the role of regional financial management including budget planning, budget execution, budget reporting/accountability and evaluation of performance accountability of the local government of Boalemo Regency. This research method uses quantitative research with an observation process. The results of the study show that budget planning, budget execution, budget accountability and budget evaluation have a significant effect on the performance accountability of the Boalemo District Government. In terms of financial management, especially in terms of budget planning to focus more on budgets that support the agreed program and performance targets.
RENORMALIZATION OF THE HILBERT SPACE IN THE MASS SHIFT MODEL.

The (φ2)s+1 quantum field theory model can be solved exactly, where the number of space dimensions is s ≤ 3. Thus this model explicitly illustrates many properties of nontrivial models such as (φ2n)2 and Yukawa2. In particular we study hyperbolicity, the energy spectrum, local Fockness, and the change of Hilbert space as the spatial cut off is removed.
Prophylactic Radical Fimbriectomy with Delayed Oophorectomy in Women with a High Risk of Developing an Ovarian Carcinoma: Results of a Prospective National Pilot Study

Simple Summary Risk-reducing salpingo-oophorectomy is the gold standard for the prophylaxis of ovarian cancer in high-risk women. However, 20–30% of women delay or refuse early oophorectomy due to significant adverse effects related to induced early menopause. We performed a pilot study to evaluate a two-step ovarian cancer risk-reducing approach with radical fimbriectomy followed by a delayed oophorectomy. A total of 121 patients underwent radical fimbriectomy. This approach appears to be safe, well tolerated, and avoids surgery-induced early menopause, while no high-grade serous adnexal carcinomas have been reported to date in this cohort with a median follow-up of 7.3 years. Abstract Risk-reducing salpingo-oophorectomy is the gold standard for the prophylaxis of ovarian cancer in high-risk women. Due to significant adverse effects, 20–30% of women delay or refuse early oophorectomy. This prospective pilot study (NCT01608074) aimed to assess the efficacy of radical fimbriectomy followed by a delayed oophorectomy in preventing ovarian and pelvic invasive cancer (the primary endpoint) and to evaluate the safety of both procedures. The key eligibility criteria were pre-menopausal women ≥35 years with a high risk of ovarian cancer who refused a risk-reducing salpingo-oophorectomy. All the surgical specimens were subjected to the SEE-FIM protocol. From January 2012 to October 2014, 121 patients underwent RF, with 51 in an ambulatory setting. Occult neoplasia was found in two cases, with one tubal high-grade serous ovarian carcinoma. Two patients experienced grade 1 intraoperative complications. No early or delayed grade ≥3 post-operative complications occurred. After 7.3 years of median follow-up, no cases of pelvic invasive cancer have been noted. Three of the fifty-two patients developed de novo breast cancer. One BRCA1-mutated woman delivered twins safely. Twenty-five patients underwent menopause, including fifteen who had received chemotherapy for breast cancer, and twenty-three underwent menopause before the delayed oophorectomy, while two did not undergo a delayed oophorectomy at all. Overall, 46 women underwent a delayed oophorectomy. No abnormalities were found in any delayed oophorectomy specimens. Radical fimbriectomy followed by delayed oophorectomy appears to be a safe and well-tolerated risk-reducing approach, which avoids early menopause for patients with a high risk of breast and ovarian cancer.
Unsupervised color image segmentation using graph cuts with multi-components

A novel unsupervised color image segmentation method based on graph cuts with multi-components is proposed, which finds an optimal segmentation of an image by regarding it as an energy minimization problem. First, L*a*b* color space is chosen as color feature, and the multi-scale quaternion Gabor filter is employed to extract texture feature of the given image. Then, the segmentation is formulated in terms of energy minimization with an iterative process based on graph cuts, and the connected regions in each segment are considered as the components of the segment in each iteration. In addition, canny edge detector combined with color gradient is used to remove weak edges in segmentation results with the proposed algorithm. In contrast to previous algorithms, our method could greatly reduce computational complexity during inference procedure by graph cuts. Experimental results demonstrate the promising performance of the proposed method.