Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Relay Channel Min Xie

In a relay channel, between the sender X and the the receiver Y lies at least one relay. Generally, the relay can both transmit its own information and help forwarding other sources’ information. This summary considers the latter case, i.e., the relay intends solely to help the receiver. The relay and the transmitter cooperate to resolve the receiver’s uncertainty. Due to the presence of relay, the relay channel capacity is difficult to determine. The capacity is known only for some special cases, e.g., physically degraded relay channel [1, 2], Gaussian relay channel [3, 4] (asymptotic capacity). This summary starts from the simplest relay channel with only one relay. An outer bound for the capacity of the general relay channel is briefly described in Section 2, but the focus is on a degraded relay channel, whose capacity and coding construction leading to the achievable rate will be given in Section 3. Section 4 presents a special degraded relay channel, Gaussian degraded relay channel. The scenario with multiple relays is more complicated and we discuss a simple Gaussian channel in the last section.
Zellimplantation beim idiopathischen Parkinson-Syndrom

Restoration of neuronal cell loss using cell transplantation represents a new strategy to treat neurodegenerative diseases. The replacement of dopaminergic neurons via implantation of embryonic midbrain tissue in patients with Parkinson’s disease has spearheaded this area of research. Animal experiments clearly provided the „proof-of-principle“ to proceed to clinical applications. The first phase 457_psy_10_03_Schwarz 16.10. 2003 16:11 Uhr Seite 460 D ie se s D ok um en t w ur de z um p er so nl ic he n G eb ra uc h he ru nt er ge la de n. V er vi el fa lti gu ng n ur m it Z us tim m un g de s V er la ge s.
Subnets based distributed data-centric hierarchical ant routing for sensor networks

In this paper, a novel routing algorithm is proposed in which the nodes are clustered into different subnets by their geographical location, and a node with maximum surplus energy is selected as the core node in every subnet. The core node set routes for sensor data by using ant algorithm, which needs only local information to find the optimal path to the sink node distributedly. Analysis and simulation results demonstrate that this new algorithm is of better routing performance for sensor networks compared with previous algorithms such as AC and GITDC.
Fluidic self-assembly of multilayered tubular microstructures by axis translation inside two-layered microfluidic devices

Microfluidic devices provide efficient approaches for building cellular tubular structures for in vitro tissue models in tissue engineering. In this paper, we report a novel method of constructing three-dimensional (3D) multilayered tubular structures based on axis translation of two-dimensionally (2D) microstructures inside microfluidic devices. The on-chip fabrication of movable 2D microstructures embedding fibroblasts (NIH/3T3) based on Poly (ethylene glycol) Diacrylate (PEGDA) was reported. Novel two-layered microfluidic devices were fabricated by Polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS), for conducting the fluidic self-assembly of the 2D microstructures. The self-assembly process was experimentally demonstrated. For improving the assembly results, a funneled structure and 3 micro grooves were added inside the microfluidic channel. Improved self-assembly result of constructing a multilayered tubular microstructure with higher efficiency was demonstrated.
Gender Disparities in Osteoporosis

Osteoporosis is a growing health concern worldwide and its complications are as prevalent as other common chronic disease complications such as hypertension and diabetes. In this review, we will discuss the role of gender in osteoporosis, especially related to peak bone mass and maturation, rate of annual bone loss, screening, prevalence of osteoporosis and its related fractures, mortality after osteoporosis-related fracture, fracture risk predication using different technologies and the impact of gender on osteoporosis management.
Cost-effectiveness analysis of universal noninvasive testing for post-treatment confirmation of Helicobacter pylori eradication and the impact of patient adherence

Background The treatment failure rate for Helicobacter pylori eradication therapy is ~20% due to poor patient compliance and increased antibiotic resistance. This analysis assessed the cost-effectiveness of universal post-treatment testing to confirm eradication of H. pylori infection in adults. Methods Decision-analytic models evaluated the cost-effectiveness of universal post-treatment testing (urea breath test [UBT] or monoclonal fecal antigen test [mFAT]) vs no testing (Model 1), and UBT vs mFAT after adjusting for patient adherence to testing (Model 2) in adults who previously received first-line antimicrobial therapy. Patients testing positive received second-line quadruple therapy; no further action was taken for those testing negative or with no testing (Model 1) or for those nonadherent to testing (Model 2). In addition to testing costs, excess lifetime costs and reduced quality-adjusted life-years (QALYs) due to continuing H. pylori infection were considered in the model. Results Expected total costs per patient were higher for post-treatment testing (UBT: US$325.76; mFAT: US$242.12) vs no testing (US$182.41) in Model 1 and for UBT (US$336.75) vs mFAT (US$326.24) in Model 2. Expected QALYs gained per patient were 0.71 and 0.72 for UBT and mFAT, respectively, vs no testing (Model 1), and the same was 0.37 for UBT vs mFAT (Model 2). The estimated incremental costs per QALY gained for post-treatment testing vs no testing were US$82.90–US$202.45 and, after adjusting for adherence, US$28.13 for UBT vs mFAT. Conclusion Universal post-treatment testing was found to be cost-effective for confirming eradication of H. pylori infection following first-line therapy. Better adherence to UBT relative to mFAT was the key to its cost-effectiveness.
Conception and optimization of a bidirectional ultra wide band planar array antennas for C-Band weather radar applications

This paper presents an Ultra Wide Band (UWB) microstrip planar array antennas for weather RADAR application which covers the C-Band. The proposed array antenna is composed of T-junction power divider which has a role to divide the power equally to all antenna elements. This array is etched onto a FR4 printed circuit board with an overall size of (162 × 100 × 1.58) mm3 and dielectric constant er = 4.4. The main objective of this work is to design a directive array antennas with a bidirectional radiation patterns to cover a long distance space vertically to the antennas radiating surface. Substrate type, partial ground technique and the geometry of the array antennas are the key words for the desired band (UWB) with a high gain and bidirectional radiation pattern. The proposed array antenna is able to achieve an impedance bandwidth about, it will provide a high gain which are required in various radar applications. Ansoft's High Frequency Structure Simulator (HFSS) and Computer Simulation Tool (CST) softwares are used to simulate and compare the different radiation characteristics of this array.
The negative knowledge of educational counselors: Forms, expertise-related differences, contextualization, and embeddedness in episodes

We investigate the negative knowledge of educational counselors, its development over their professional careers, and its contextualization in episodes. As a result of experiential learning, negative knowledge is knowledge about how something is not or which strategies are inappropriate for use in solving certain problems. It is assumed that this kind of knowledge is of particular relevance for the professional development of counselors. Data were collected through using a structured interview technique with 31 educational counselors. Analyses revealed discriminative and self-reflective forms of negative knowledge. In addition, they provide insights into transformations in professionals’ knowledge through various stages of professional expertise.
Continuing reductions in HPV 16/18 in a population with high coverage of bivalent HPV vaccination in England: an ongoing cross-sectional study

Objectives The human papillomavirus (HPV) immunisation programme in England was introduced in 2008. Monitoring changes in type-specific HPV prevalence allows assessment of the population impact of this vaccination programme. Methods Residual vulva-vaginal swab specimens were collected from young sexually active women (aged 16–24 years) attending for chlamydia screening across England. Specimens were collected between 2010 and 2013 for type-specific HPV-DNA testing. HPV prevalence was compared to a similar survey conducted in 2008 prior to the introduction of HPV vaccination. Results A total of 7321 specimens collected in the postvaccination period, and 2354 specimens from the prevaccination period were included in this analysis. Among the individuals aged 16–18 years, with an estimated vaccination coverage of 67%, the prevalence of HPV16/18 infection decreased from 17.6% in 2008 to 6.1% in the postvaccination period. Within the postvaccination period, there was a trend towards lower HPV16/18 prevalence with higher vaccination coverage and increasing time since vaccine introduction from 8.5% in the period 2–3 years postvaccination to 4.0% in the period 4–5 years postvaccination. The prevalence of HPV31 reduced from 3.7% in the prevaccination period to 0.9% after vaccine introduction, although this no longer reached statistical significance after additional consideration of the uncertainty due to the assay change. Smaller reductions were seen in the individuals aged 19–21 years with lower estimated vaccination coverage, but there was no evidence of a reduction in the older unvaccinated women. Some overall increase in non-vaccine types was seen in the youngest age groups (ORs (95% CI); 1.3 (1.0 to 1.7) and 1.5 (1.1 to 2.0) for individuals aged 16–18 and 19–21 years, respectively, when adjusted for known population changes and the change in assay) although this should be interpreted with caution given the potential unmasking effect. Conclusions These data demonstrate a reduction in the HPV vaccine types in the age group with the highest HPV vaccination coverage.
Teachers’ perceptions of the benefits and challenges of three-dimensional virtual worlds for social skills practice

Abstract This case study describes how a systematic 7-Step Virtual Worlds Teacher Training Workshop guided the enculturation of 18 special education teachers into three-dimensional virtual worlds. The main purpose was to enable these teachers to make informed decisions about the usability of virtual worlds for students with social skills challenges, such as students with autism. A 10-point rating scale was used to measure the perceived usability of virtual worlds for social skills practice. Although the mean usability was higher after the intervention, a Wilcoxon signed-rank test did not reveal a statistically significant difference between the mean ratings (p = .14). A majority of the participants (76%) tended to be supportive of the idea of using virtual worlds in special education. Three key themes emerged from the qualitative instruments, namely, Virtual World Pedagogy, Virtual World Benefits, and Virtual World Challenges, encompassing 18 codes overall. This article focuses on the benefits and challenges of virtual worlds for social skills practice as perceived by special education teachers. Social skills practice and repeated practice opportunities in a stress-reduced environment emerged as the key benefits, although these affordances were affected by various challenges. The study concludes with suggestions for future research for special education purposes.
Identification of Dishonesty Through the Observation of Non Verbal Cues

The contents of this paper include the details of a sixteen-week experiment and research study. The reason for this study is to continue the research on non-verbal cues of deception to clarify the inconsistent conclusions of which non-verbal cues are in fact deceptions detectors. The experiment was conducted with ten male and ten female participants by individually asking that they provide two true and one false statement about themselves while a boundary separated the researcher and the participant so that neither one could the other. The instrumentation that was used in this experiment was an iPhone 5s for the use of recording the subjects during the interviewing process. The results of this experiment concluded that the most common non-verbal cue is head shifts. The non-verbal cues of deception that were found throughout the course of the experiment are head shifts, leg movements, hand movements, posture shifts, arm movements, smiling, and facial touch. This paper also includes literature related to the topic of non-verbal cues of deception and detecting deception, as well as an analysis of the experimental data.
Differentially expressed miR-3680-5p is associated with parathyroid hormone regulation in peritoneal dialysis patients

Mineral and bone disorder (MBD) is observed universally in patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD). Detrimental MBD-related skeletal changes include increased prevalence of fracture, cardiovascular disease, and mortality. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) have been identified as useful biomarkers in various diseases, and the aim of this study was to identify miRNAs associated with parathyroid hormone level in peritoneal dialysis (PD) patients. Fifty-two PD patients were enrolled and grouped by their intact parathyroid hormone (iPTH) level; 11 patients had low iPTH (<150 pg/mL) and 41 patients had high iPTH (≥150 pg/mL). Total RNA was extracted from whole blood samples. Total RNA from 15 patients (7 and 8 patients in the low and high iPTH groups, respectively) underwent miRNA microarray analysis, and three differentially upregulated (>2-fold change) miRNAs previously associated with human disease were selected for real-time quantitative PCR (qPCR) analysis. Interaction analyses between miRNAs and genes were performed by using TargetScan and the KEGG pathway database. Microarray results revealed 165 miRNAs were differentially expressed between patients with high iPTH levels and low iPTH levels. Of those miRNAs, 81 were upregulated and 84 were downregulated in patients with high iPTH levels. Expression levels of miR-1299, miR-3680-5p, and miR-548b-5p (previously associated with human disease) in 52 patients were analyzed by using qPCR. MiR-3680-5p was differentially expressed in low and high iPTH patients (P < 0.05). The predicted target genes of miR-3680-5p were USP6, USP32, USP46, and DLT, which are involved in the ubiquitin proteolysis pathway. This pathway has roles in PTH and parathyroid hormone related protein degradation and proteolysis. The mechanisms involved in the associations among low PTH, adynamic bone disease, miR-3680-5p, and the target genes should be explored further in order to elucidate their roles in CKD-MBD development.
Crowd-sourcing for smart cities

Smart cities are no longer a vision or a dream, with consolidated steps taken by a majority of the union governments these kind of cities are being promoted and developed to a great extent. It has been well evident in cities such as Barcelona, Stockholm, Seattle that this reality of cities becoming smart has resulted in a jargon of electronic devices pumped into the city ecosystem which has led to the widespread use of Information and Communication Technology. This deep rootedness of ICT in the city & its citizens has resulted in ICT to become truly pervasive and with the great influx of RFID tags, sensor networks, location sensors, cameras it has become as widespread as it possibly can. Crowdsourcing right from when it came to the fore has been seen as a distributed problem solving process which helps the crowd to get involved, participate and in most cases arrive at a well-defined solution. A city is basically its people, so if technology is able to use the species of its creators so as to create a socio-technical human then we may well possibly call it as the result of crowdsourcing work in smart city. Now, time has come when this relation needs a closer look and apt infrastructure and environment should be set up so as to enable citizens to be not a symbolic but a real art of the city. In this review we take a look at the possible scenarios where crowdsourcing activities can be performed and respective incentive models for members taking part in the crowdsourcing process in the context of Smart Cities using a Delphi review & finally conclude with an end to end crowdsourcing architecture.
CD40 Ligand (CD154) Incorporated into HIV Virions Induces Activation-Induced Cytidine Deaminase (AID) Expression in Human B Lymphocytes

Most AIDS-associated non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (AIDS-NHL) arises from errors in immunoglobulin heavy-chain gene (IgH) class switch recombination (CSR) or somatic hypermutation (SHM), events that occur in germinal center (GC) B cells and require the activity of activation induced cytidine deaminase (AID). Several oncogenic viruses (EBV, HCV, HPV) can induce AID gene (AID) expression, and elevated AID expression is seen in circulating lymphocytes prior to AIDS-NHL diagnosis. Here, we report that HIV produced in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) induced AID expression in normal human B cells. Since HIV produced in PBMC contains host cell CD40 ligand (CD40L) incorporated into the viral membrane, and CD40L is known to induce AID expression in human B cells, the role of virion-associated CD40L in HIV-induced AID expression was examined. Only viruses expressing functional CD40L were seen to induce AID expression; CD40L-negative HIV did not induce AID expression. The induction of AID expression by CD40L+ HIV was abrogated by addition of blocking anti-CD40L antibody. AID protein was detected in B cells exposed to CD40L+ HIV using intracellular multicolor flow cytometry, with most AID producing B cells expressing the CD71 activation marker on their surface. Therefore, HIV virions that express CD40L induce AID expression in B cells, and this induction appears to be due to a direct interaction between CD40L on these viruses and CD40 on B cells. These findings are consistent with a role for HIV in the direct stimulation of B cells, potentially leading to the accumulation of molecular lesions that have the potential to contribute to the development of NHL.
Mathematik in den Naturwissenschaften Leipzig The Interaction of Dirac Particles with Non � Abelian Gauge Fields and Gravity � Bound States

We consider a spherically symmetric static system of a Dirac particle interacting with classical gravity and an SU Yang Mills eld The corresponding Einstein Dirac Yang Mills equations are derived Using numerical methods we nd di erent types of soliton like solutions of these equations and discuss their properties Some of these solutions are stable even for arbitrarily weak gravitational coupling
Associative Classification Common Research Challenges

Association rule mining involves discovering concealed correlations among variables often from sales transactions to help managers in key business decision involving items shelving, sales and planning. In the last decade, association rule mining methods have been employed in deriving rules from classification dataset in different business domains. This has resulted in an emergence of new classification approach called Associative Classification (AC), which often produces higher predictive classifiers than classic approaches such as decision trees, greedy and rule induction. Nevertheless, AC suffers from noticeable challenges some of which have been inherited from association rules and others have been resulted from building the classifier phase. These challenges are not limited to the massive numbers of candidate ruleitems found, the very large classifiers derived, the inability to handle multi-label datasets, and the design of rule pruning, ranking and prediction procedures. This article highlights and critically analyzes common challenges faced by AC algorithms that are still sustained. Hence, it opens the door for interested researchers to further investigate these challenges hoping to enhance the overall performance of this approach and increase it applicability in research domains.
On the effect of wireless communication range heterogeneity on WSN performance

In this paper, we investigate how the performance (i.e., the average message delivery delay) of IEEE 802.15. 4-based WSNs is affected by the heterogeneity of wireless communication ranges of sensor nodes. An appropriate control of the wireless communication range of a sensor node should be beneficial in terms of reduced power consumption of the sensor node and performance improvement caused by reduced collisions in wireless communication. Utilizing our fluid-based analysis of large-scale IEEE 802.15. 4 WSNs, we compare performances of WSNs with different settings of wireless communication ranges and also with three types of node placements (i.e., straight, lattice, and random). We conclude that the wireless communication range heterogeneity could improve (or degrade) the WSN performance and that the degree of improvement (or degradation) is more apparent in larger-scale WSNs than in smaller-scale WSNs.
“You two! Take off!”: Creating, modifying and commanding groups of robots using face engagement and indirect speech in voice commands

We present a multimodal system for creating, modifying and commanding groups of robots from a population. Extending our previous work on selecting an individual robot from a population by face engagement, we show that we can dynamically create groups of a desired number of robots by speaking the number we desire, e.g. “You three”, and looking at the robots we intend to form the group. We evaluate two different methods of detecting which robots are intended by the user, and show that an iterated election performs well in our setting. We also show that teams can be modified by adding and removing individual robots: “And you. Not you”. The success of the system is examined for different spatial configurations of robots with respect to each other and the user to find the proper workspace of selection methods.
Efficient Program Exploration by Input Fuzzing

One of the issues of a malware detection service is to update its database. For that, an analysis of new samples must be performed. Usually, one tries to replay the behavior of malware in a safe environment. But, a bot sample may activate a malicious function only if it receives some particular input from its command and control server. The game is to find inputs which activate all relevant branches in a bot binary in order to retrieve its malicious behaviors. From a larger viewpoint, this problem is an aggregation of the program exploration and the message format extraction problem, both of them captures many active researches. This is a work in progress in which we try a new approach to code coverage relying on input tainting.