Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Neural Correlates of People's Hypercorrection of Their False Beliefs

Despite the intuition that strongly held beliefs are particularly difficult to change, the data on error correction indicate that general information errors that people commit with a high degree of belief are especially easy to correct. This finding is called the hypercorrection effect. The hypothesis was tested that the reason for hypercorrection stems from enhanced attention and encoding that results from a metacognitive mismatch between the person's confidence in their responses and the true answer. This experiment, which is the first to use imaging to investigate the hypercorrection effect, provided support for this hypothesis, showing that both metacognitive mismatch conditions—that in which high confidence accompanies a wrong answer and that in which low confidence accompanies a correct answer—revealed anterior cingulate and medial frontal gyrus activations. Only in the high confidence error condition, however, was an error that conflicted with the true answer mentally present. And only the high confidence error condition yielded activations in the right TPJ and the right dorsolateral pFC. These activations suggested that, during the correction process after error commission, people (1) were entertaining both the false belief as well as the true belief (as in theory of mind tasks, which also manifest the right TPJ activation) and (2) may have been suppressing the unwanted, incorrect information that they had, themselves, produced (as in think/no-think tasks, which also manifest dorsolateral pFC activation). These error-specific processes as well as enhanced attention because of metacognitive mismatch appear to be implicated.
Plasmonics: Merging Photonics and Electronics at Nanoscale Dimensions

Electronic circuits provide us with the ability to control the transport and storage of electrons. However, the performance of electronic circuits is now becoming rather limited when digital information needs to be sent from one point to another. Photonics offers an effective solution to this problem by implementing optical communication systems based on optical fibers and photonic circuits. Unfortunately, the micrometer-scale bulky components of photonics have limited the integration of these components into electronic chips, which are now measured in nanometers. Surface plasmon–based circuits, which merge electronics and photonics at the nanoscale, may offer a solution to this size-compatibility problem. Here we review the current status and future prospects of plasmonics in various applications including plasmonic chips, light generation, and nanolithography.
Effects of ligand binding on the stability of aldo–keto reductases: Implications for stabilizer or destabilizer chaperones

Ligands such as enzyme inhibitors stabilize the native conformation of a protein upon binding to the native state, but some compounds destabilize the native conformation upon binding to the non‐native state. The former ligands are termed “stabilizer chaperones” and the latter ones “destabilizer chaperones. ” Because the stabilization effects are essential for the medical chaperone (MC) hypothesis, here we have formulated a thermodynamic system consisting of a ligand and a protein in its native‐ and non‐native state. Using the differential scanning fluorimetry and the circular dichroism varying the urea concentration and temperature, we found that when the coenzyme NADP+ was absent, inhibitors such as isolithocholic acid stabilized the aldo–keto reductase AKR1A1 upon binding, which showed actually the three‐state folding, but destabilized AKR1B10. In contrast, in the presence of NADP+, they destabilized AKR1A1 and stabilized AKR1B10. To explain these phenomena, we decomposed the free energy of stabilization (ΔΔG) into its enthalpy (ΔΔH) and entropy (ΔΔS) components. Then we found that in a relatively unstable protein showing the three‐state folding, native conformation was stabilized by the negative ΔΔH in association with the negative ΔΔS, suggesting that the stabilizer chaperon decreases the conformational fluctuation of the target protein or increase its hydration. However, in other cases, ΔΔG was essentially determined by the delicate balance between ΔΔH and ΔΔS. The proposed thermodynamic formalism is applicable to the system including multiple ligands with allosteric interactions. These findings would promote the development of screening strategies for MCs to regulate the target conformations.
IMORPHĒ: An Inheritance and Equivalence Based Morphology Description Compiler

IMORPHĒ is a significantly extended version of MORPHE, a morphology description compiler. MORPHEs morphology description language is based on two constructs: 1) a morphological form hierarchy, whose nodes relate and differentiate surface forms in terms of the common and distinguishing inflectional features of lexical items; and 2) transformational rules, attached to leaf nodes of the hierarchy, which generate the surface form of an item from the base form stored in the lexicon. While MORPHEs approach to morphology description is intuitively appealing and was successfully used for generating the morphology of several European languages, its application to Modern Standard Arabic yielded morphological descriptions that were highly complex and redundant. Previous modifications and enhancements attempted to capture more elegantly and concisely different aspects of the complex morphology of Arabic, finding theoretical grounding in Lexeme-Based Morphology. Those extensions are being incorporated in a more flexible and less ad hoc fashion in IMORPHE, which retains the unique features of our previous work but embeds them in an inheritance-based framework in order to achieve even more concise and modular morphology descriptions and greater runtime efficiency, and lays the groundwork for IMORPHE to become an analyzer as well as a generator.
IMPROVED CONTROL FOR SELECTIVE MINIMIZATION OF MASKING USING INTER- CHANNEL DEPENDANCY EFFECTS

A digital audio effect for real time mixing applications, which dynamically adapts to the multi-channel input, has been implemented. The resulting audio mix is the direct result of the analysis of the content of each individual channel with respect to the other channels. The implementation permits the enhancement of a source with respect to the rest of the mixture by selectivity unmasking its spectral content from spectrally related channels. A masking measurement has also been implemented in order to measure the efficiency of the algorithm.
Manufacturing of recycled carbon fiber reinforced polypropylene composites by high speed thermo-kinetic mixing for lightweight applications

Recycled carbon fiber reinforced polypropylene (PP) composites were fabricated by using high speed thermo-kinetic mixer. The effect of recycled carbon fiber on the morphological, chemical, physical, thermal, and mechanical properties of PP composites was investigated. The results indicate that the tensile and flexural strength of PP increase with addition of recycled carbon fiber up to 20 wt%. When 40 wt% recycled carbon fiber was added into PP, the tensile and flexural moduli were increased by about 177 and 359%, respectively. The coefficient of thermal expansion was found to be decreased by increasing recycled carbon fiber weight fraction. The addition of low weight fraction of recycled carbon fibers (up to 5 wt%) increased the nucleation process on PP crystallization. POLYM. COMPOS. , 2017. © 2017 Society of Plastics Engineers
Bending Strength of EN AC-44200 – Al2O3 Composites at Elevated Temperatures

The paper presents results of bend tests at elevated temperatures of aluminium alloy EN AC-44200 (AlSi12) based composite materials reinforced with aluminium oxide particles. The examined materials were manufactured by squeeze casting. Preforms made of Al 2 O 3 particles, with volumetric fraction 10, 20, 30 and 40 vol.% of particles joined with sodium silicate bridges were used as reinforcement. The preforms were characterised by open porosity ensuring proper infiltration with the EN AC-44200 (AlSi12) liquid alloy. The largest bending strength was found for the materials containing 40 vol.% of reinforcing ceramic particles, tested at ambient temperature. At increased test temperature, bending strength R g of composites decreased in average by 30 to 50 MPa per 100°C of temperature increase. Temperature increase did not significantly affect cracking of the materials. Cracks propagated mainly along the interfaces particle/matrix, with no effect of the particles falling-out from fracture surfaces. Direction of cracking can be affected by a small number of agglomerations of particles or of non-reacted binder. In the composites, the particles strongly restrict plastic deformation of the alloy, which leads to creation of brittle fractures. At elevated temperatures, however mainly at 200 and 300°C, larger numbers of broken, fragmented particles was observed in the vicinity of cracks. Fragmentation of particles occurred mainly at tensioned side of the bended specimens, in the materials with smaller fraction of Al 2 O 3 reinforcement, i.e. 10 and 20 vol.%.
Improved pre-warping for wide angle, head mounted displays

High-quality head mounted displays are becoming available in the consumer space. These displays provide an immersive gaming experience by filling the wearer's field of view. To achieve immersion with low cost, a commodity display panel is placed a short distance in front of each eye, and wide-angle optics are used to bring the image into focus. However, these optics introduce spatial and chromatic distortion into the image seen by the viewer. As a result, the images to be displayed must be pre-warped to cancel this distortion. This correction can be performed by warping the image in a post-processing step, by warping the scene geometry before rendering, or by modeling corrective optics in the virtual camera. Here, we examine the image quality and performance of several correction methods. Though image warping with a bilinear filter is common [Antonov et al. 2013], we find that bicubic filtering yields improved image quality with minimal performance impact. We also propose a new method for correcting chromatic distortion by warping the image using distortion meshes, and we propose a method for correcting spatial and chromatic distortion accurately in-camera.
The Mechanism of DNA Cytosine-5 Methylation

Kinetic and binding studies involving a model DNA cytosine-5-methyltransferase, M.HhaI, and a 37-mer DNA duplex containing a single hemimethylated target site were applied to characterize intermediates on the reaction pathway. Stopped-flow fluorescence studies reveal that cofactorS-adenosyl-l-methionine (AdoMet) and productS-adenosyl-l-homocysteine (AdoHcy) form similar rapidly reversible binary complexes with the enzyme in solution. The M.HhaI·AdoMet complex (k off = 22 s− 1, K D = 6 μm) is partially converted into products during isotope-partitioning experiments, suggesting that it is catalytically competent. Chemical formation of the product M.HhaI·MeDNA·AdoHcy (k chem = 0.26 s− 1) is followed by a slower decay step (k off = 0.045 s− 1), which is the rate-limiting step in the catalytic cycle (k cat = 0.04 s− 1). Analysis of reaction products shows that the hemimethylated substrate undergoes complete (>95%) conversion into fully methylated product during the initial burst phase, indicating that M.HhaI exerts high binding selectivity toward the target strand. The T250N, T250D, and T250H mutations, which introduce moderate perturbation in the catalytic site, lead to substantially increasedK D DNA ( ternary ) ,k off DNA ( ternary ) ,K M AdoMet ( ternary ) values but small changes inK D DNA ( binary ) ,K D AdoMet ( binary ) ,k chem, and k cat. When the target cytosine is replaced with 5-fluorocytosine, the chemistry step leading to an irreversible covalent M.HhaI·DNA complex is inhibited 400-fold (k chem 5 FC = 0.7 × 10− 3s− 1), and the Thr-250 mutations confer further dramatic decrease of the rate of the covalent methylationk chem. We suggest that activation of the pyrimidine ring via covalent addition at C-6 is a major contributor to the rate of the chemistry step (k chem) in the case of cytosine but not 5-fluorocytosine. In contrast to previous reports, our results imply a random substrate binding order mechanism for M.HhaI.
GMRT radio halo survey in galaxy clusters at z = 0.2–0.4 - I. The REFLEX sub-sample

Aims. We present the first results of an ongoing project devoted to the search of giant radio halos in galaxy clusters located in the redshift range $z=0.2$–0.4. One of the main goals of our study is to measure the fraction of massive galaxy clusters in this redshift interval hosting a radio halo, and to constrain the expectations of the particle re-acceleration model for the origin of non-thermal radio emission in galaxy clusters. Methods. We selected 27 REFLEX clusters and here we present Giant Metrewave Radio Telescope (GMRT) observations at 610 MHz for 11 of them. The sensitivity (1 σ ) in our images is in the range 35–100 μ Jy beam -1 for all clusters. Results. We found three new radio halos, doubling the number of halos known in the selected sample. In particular, giant radio halos were found in A 209 and RXCJ 2003.5–2323, and one halo (of smaller size) was found in RXCJ 1314.4–2515. Candidate extended emission on smaller scale was found around the central galaxy in A 3444 which deserves further investigation. Furthermore, a radio relic was found in A 521, and two relics were found in RXCJ 1314.5–2515. The remaining six clusters observed do not host extended emission of any kind.
Enhancing E-mail Security by CAPTCHA based Image Grid Master Password

Identity theft, privacy invasion, loss of key information is the major reasons for which E-mail security is breached these days. Hence, it is very essential that effective security prevention measures are taken. This paper, proposes many such hacking prevention measures with approaches to recover a hacked account. It also puts forward a novel CAPTCHA (Completely Automated Public Turing Test to tell Computers and Humans Apart) based mechanism, which can protect the crucial information even if the account is hacked.
Periodontal bacteria aggravate experimental autoimmune myocarditis in mice.

Periodontitis is one of the most common infections in humans. Recently, published reports assert that periodontitis is associated with cardiovascular disease. Although it is said that viral, bacterial infections and autoimmune diseases may be the cause of myocarditis, the pathogenesis of it remains unclear. The aim of this study was to investigate the influence of a periodontal pathogen on experimental autoimmune myocarditis (EAM). Porphyromonas gingivalis (P.g.), PBS as a control, were injected into the mice. Histopathological and immunohistochemical analyses were performed. We examined heart mRNA levels using quantitative RT-PCR. The anti-P.g. IgG antibody level in plasma samples of the P.g. -injected group significantly increased compared with the PBS-injected group. Histopathological analysis detected that the myocarditis-affected areas and the fibrotic area in the P.g. -injected EAM group significantly increased compared with the PBS-injected EAM group (P < 0.05). Immunohistochemical analysis detected that more CD11b-positive cells were shown in the heart of the P.g. -injected EAM group compared with the PBS EAM-injected group (P < 0.05). Hearts from the P.g. -injected EAM group showed significantly increased expression of monocyte chemoattractant protein-1, IFN-γ, and matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9) mRNA compared with the hearts from the PBS-injected EAM group (P < 0.05). On day 7, serum levels of IL-6 were significantly enhanced in the P.g. -injected EAM group compared with the PBS-injected EAM group (P < 0.05). These results showed that P.g. injection could deteriorate EAM in mice through CD11b-positive cells, cytokines, and MMP-9 expression.
Cavity opto-mechanics using an optically levitated nanosphere

Institute for Quantum Information and Center for the Physics of Information, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125;Norman Bridge Laboratory of Physics 12-33, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125;JILA, National Institute of Standards and Technology, and Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309;Department of Applied Physics, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125; and Institute for Quantum Optics and Quantum Information of the Austrian Academy of Sciences, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria
Persistence and adherence to single-tablet regimens in HIV treatment: a cohort study from the French National Healthcare Insurance Database.

OBJECTIVES To compare adherence and persistence (continuous treatment with a prescribed medication) in HIV adult patients who received combination ART (cART) as a once-daily single-tablet regimen (STR) versus other administration schedules. METHODS A representative random sample of the French National Healthcare Insurance Database was used. Adherence and persistence were compared according to their administration schedules using χ(2) and survival analyses. STRs were marketed in France in 2009 and the study period was selected to allow a sufficient number of patients with an STR and a relevant duration of follow-up. RESULTS During the period covered (2006-11), 362 HIV-positive adult antiretroviral-naive patients (566 lines of treatments) were selected. The mean rates of adherence were 89.6% for the STR (tenofovir/emtricitabine/efavirenz; n = 76), 86.4% for cART with >1 pill once daily (n = 242) and 77.0% for cART with >1 daily intake (n = 248; P < 0.0001 versus STR). Kaplan-Meier estimations of persistence after 2 years of treatment were 79.1% for the STR, 53.3% for cART with >1 pill once daily and 51.8% for cART with >1 daily intake (P = 0.001; log-rank test). Sensitivity analyses confirmed these results. After excluding treatment sequences showing a switch from tenofovir/emtricitabine plus efavirenz to the similar STR, the rates of persistence were 80.3% for the STR (n = 60), 77.3% for atazanavir-containing cART (n = 96) and 68.3% for darunavir-containing cART (n = 56) at 18 months (global P = 0.006). CONCLUSIONS These results suggest that persistence is higher in HIV patients treated with an STR compared with other administration schedules. Significant benefit in terms of adherence was observed with the STR in comparison with regimens with >1 daily intake but no difference was observed when comparing with regimens involving >1 pill once daily.
Porous hydroxyapatite scaffolds fabricated from nano-sized powder via honeycomb extrusion

In this study, we have developed hydroxyapatite (HA) scaffolds for synthetic bone graft from nano-sized HA particles using ceramic extrusion. We also demonstrate that these HA scaffolds show enhanced compressive strength (29.4 MPa), whilst possessing large pore sizes (> 600 µm) that are suitable for bone grafting. The extrusion process involved forming a ceramic paste by mixing the HA powder with a binder and distilled water. The ceramic paste was then fabricated using a ram extruder that was fitted with a honeycomb die to impart large, structured pores. Several green bodies were extruded and then subjected to the same drying and thermal debinding treatment. The samples underwent three different sintering temperatures and two varied dwell times, in order to determine the optimum sintering parameters. The scaffolds were then analysed for their chemical, physical, mechanical and biological properties to elucidate the effects of the sintering parameters on extruded HA scaffolds. The results revealed that the nano-sized particles exhibited a high sinterability, and XRD analysis showed phase purity until 1300 oC. At 1300 oC, trace amounts of phase impurities were detected, however, scaffolds sintered at this temperature exhibited the highest mean compressive strength. The findings demonstrated that traces of phase impurities were not detrimental to the scaffold’s compressive strength. In addition, scanning electron microscopy and density measurements revealed a highly densified solid phase was attained.
Spectrum Distribution in Cognitive Radio: Error Correcting Codes Perspective

Cognitive radio is a growing zone in wireless communication which offers an opening in complete utilization of incompetently used frequency spectrum: deprived of crafting interference for the primary (authorized) user, the secondary user is indorsed to use the frequency band. Though, scheming a model with the least interference produced by the secondary user for primary user is a perplexing job. In this study we proposed a transmission model based on error correcting codes dealing with a countable number of pairs of primary and secondary users. However, we obtain an effective utilization of spectrum by the transmission of the pairs of primary and secondary users' data through the linear codes with different given lengths. Due to the techniques of error correcting codes we developed a number of schemes regarding an appropriate bandwidth distribution in cognitive radio.
The trade-offs of social assistance programs in the labor market: The case of the “Seguro Popular” program in Mexico

In 2002, the Mexican government began a tremendous financial effort to provide health insurance, Seguro Popular (SP), to the 50 million uninsured in Mexico. In doing so, the states and municipalities offered virtually free health insurance to uncovered self-employed and informal salaried workers substantially altering the incentives for workers and firms to operate in the formal economy. We take advantage of the staggered implementation of the program across municipalities to estimate the effects of the SP in the labor market. We find that the SP had a negative effect in the creation of formal jobs, especially in small and medium sized firms. According to our estimates, had the program not been in place, 31.000 more employers and 300.000 new formal jobs should have been registered with Mexican social security. These represent 3.8% and 2.4% of the stock of registered employers and employees in 2002 when the program started.
University of New Hampshire Scholars' Repository University of New Hampshire Scholars' Repository

The problem of perceptually optimizing complex visualizations is a difficult one, involving perceptual as well as aesthetic issues. In our experience, controlled experiments are quite limited in their ability to uncover interrelationships among visualization parameters, and thus may not be the most useful way to develop rules-of-thumb or theory to guide the production of high-quality visualizations. In this paper, we propose a new experimental approach to optimizing visualization quality that integrates some of the strong points of controlled experiments with methods more suited to investigating complex highly-coupled phenomena. We use human-in-the-loop experiments to search through visualization parameter space, generating large databases of rated visualization solutions. This is followed by data mining to extract results such as exemplar visualizations, guidelines for producing visualizations, and hypotheses about strategies leading to strong visualizations. The approach can easily address both perceptual and aesthetic concerns, and can handle complex parameter interactions. We suggest a genetic algorithm as a valuable way of guiding the human-in-the-loop search through visualization parameter space. We describe our methods for using clustering, histogramming, principal component analysis, and neural networks for data mining. The experimental approach is illustrated with a study of the problem of optimal texturing for viewing layered surfaces so that both surfaces are maximally observable.