Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
University of Huddersfield Repository Crystal engineering of ibuprofen using starch derivatives in crystallization medium to produce promising ibuprofen with improved pharmaceutical performance

Ibuprofen exhibits poor ﬂ ow, poor compaction and dissolution behaviour, and it is prone to capping after ejection from the die. Therefore, the aim of the present research was to engineer ibuprofen crystals in the presence of two disintegrants (starch and sodium starch glycolate) in order to improve its ﬂ ow, compactibility and dissolution behaviour simultaneously. To this end ibuprofen and di ﬀ erent concentrations of disintegrant (0.25 to 10% w/w in case of starch and 0.25 to 7% w/w in case of sodium starch glycolate) were dissolved in ethanol and water respectively. The ibuprofen solution was then added to the aqueous solutions containing the di ﬀ erent concentrations of disintegrant. Ibuprofen precipitated within 10 min and the crystals were separated and dried for further studies. The obtained crystals were characterized in terms of ﬂ ow, density, tablet hardness, dissolution behaviour and solid state. The results showed most of engineered ibuprofen to have better ﬂ ow with a high compactibility. The results also showed that an increase in the concentration of starch in the crystallization medium resulted in a reduction in the hardness of ibuprofen tablets, but this was not the case for ibuprofen samples engineered in the presence of sodium starch glycolate. It is interesting to note that although engineered ibuprofen showed superior dissolution as compared to untreated ibuprofen, the highest concentration of starch (10%) or sodium starch glycolate (7%) slowed down the release remarkably due to an increase in the viscosity of the dissolution medium around drug particles. Solid state analysis (FT-IR, XRPD and DSC) ruled out the presence of di ﬀ erent polymorphic forms and also any interaction between these disintegrants and ibuprofen. In conclusion, the engineering of ibuprofen in the presence of disintegrant showed how properties such as ﬂ ow, compaction and dissolution behaviour can be simultaneously manipulated to suit a desired application.
MR staging of endometrial cancer: needed or wanted?

Over the last Christmas and New Year period one of our ‘urogenital’ magnetic resonance (MR) lists which happened to fall on a public holiday in two consecutive weeks was lost. Just prior to the holiday one of our senior colleagues came to the department seeking an urgent MR examination of a young women for whom ovarian cancer was suspected on the basis of an ‘indeterminate’ ultrasound examination. He thought she probably had complex benign disease and that MR imaging would confirm his suspicions and allow a simple resection rather than cancer surgery. We looked at our packed diary and pointed to a handful of pending request cards. He made a wry comment that he could probably do without most of the endometrial cancer staging requests as they had far less impact on how he, as a Cancer Centre surgeon, managed his patients than did other gynaecological MR examinations. A lively discussion ensued.
Stochastic delay differential equations driven by fractional Brownian motion with Hurst parameter H

We consider the Cauchy problem for a stochastic delay differential equation driven by a fractional Brownian motion with Hurst parameter H > \. We prove an existence and uniqueness result for this problem, when the coefficients are sufficiently regular. Furthermore, if the diffusion coefficient is bounded away from zero and the coefficients are smooth functions with bounded derivatives of all orders, we prove that the law of the solution admits a smooth density with respect to Lebesgue measure on IR.
Schema Driven Assignment and Implementation of Life Science Identifiers (lsids)

Life sciences identifier (LSIDs) is a formal global unique identifier standard intended to help rationalize the unique archival requirements of biological data. We describe an LSID implementation architecture such that data managed by a relational database management system may be integrated with the LSID protocol as an add-on layer. The approach requires a database administrator (DBA) to specify an export schema detailing the structure of the archived data, and a mapping of the existing database to that schema. This specification is accomplished through the equivalent of SQL view definitions. In effect, we define a domain specific language for implementing LSIDs. We describe the mapping of the view definition to an implementation as a set of database triggers and a fixed runtime library. This suggests a compiler for the domain specific language could be written that would reduce the implementation of LSIDs to the task of writing SQL view definitions.
Multi-Person Pose Estimation via Column Generation

We study the problem of multi-person pose estimation in natural images. A pose estimate describes the spatial position and identity (head, foot, knee, etc.) of every non-occluded body part of a person. Pose estimation is difficult due to issues such as deformation and variation in body configurations and occlusion of parts, while multi-person settings add complications such as an unknown number of people, with unknown appearance and possible interactions in their poses and part locations. We give a novel integer program formulation of the multi-person pose estimation problem, in which variables correspond to assignments of parts in the image to poses in a two-tier, hierarchical way. This enables us to develop an efficient custom optimization procedure based on column generation, where columns are produced by exact optimization of very small scale integer programs. We demonstrate improved accuracy and speed for our method on the MPII multi-person pose estimation benchmark.
Comparative efficacy of interventions to promote hand hygiene in hospital: systematic review and network meta-analysis

Objective To evaluate the relative efficacy of the World Health Organization 2005 campaign (WHO-5) and other interventions to promote hand hygiene among healthcare workers in hospital settings and to summarize associated information on use of resources. Design Systematic review and network meta-analysis. Data sources Medline, Embase, CINAHL, NHS Economic Evaluation Database, NHS Centre for Reviews and Dissemination, Cochrane Library, and the EPOC register (December 2009 to February 2014); studies selected by the same search terms in previous systematic reviews (1980-2009). Review methods Included studies were randomised controlled trials, non-randomised trials, controlled before-after trials, and interrupted time series studies implementing an intervention to improve compliance with hand hygiene among healthcare workers in hospital settings and measuring compliance or appropriate proxies that met predefined quality inclusion criteria. When studies had not used appropriate analytical methods, primary data were re-analysed. Random effects and network meta-analyses were performed on studies reporting directly observed compliance with hand hygiene when they were considered sufficiently homogeneous with regard to interventions and participants. Information on resources required for interventions was extracted and graded into three levels. Results Of 3639 studies retrieved, 41 met the inclusion criteria (six randomised controlled trials, 32 interrupted time series, one non-randomised trial, and two controlled before-after studies). Meta-analysis of two randomised controlled trials showed the addition of goal setting to WHO-5 was associated with improved compliance (pooled odds ratio 1.35, 95% confidence interval 1.04 to 1.76; I2=81%). Of 22 pairwise comparisons from interrupted time series, 18 showed stepwise increases in compliance with hand hygiene, and all but four showed a trend for increasing compliance after the intervention. Network meta-analysis indicated considerable uncertainty in the relative effectiveness of interventions, but nonetheless provided evidence that WHO-5 is effective and that compliance can be further improved by adding interventions including goal setting, reward incentives, and accountability. Nineteen studies reported clinical outcomes; data from these were consistent with clinically important reductions in rates of infection resulting from improved hand hygiene for some but not all important hospital pathogens. Reported costs of interventions ranged from $225 to $4669 (£146-£3035; €204-€4229) per 1000 bed days. Conclusion Promotion of hand hygiene with WHO-5 is effective at increasing compliance in healthcare workers. Addition of goal setting, reward incentives, and accountability strategies can lead to further improvements. Reporting of resources required for such interventions remains inadequate.
Numerical study of effects of pour box design on tundish flow characteristics

In the paper, the effects of special pour box design on tundish flow characteristics are investigated with the help of computational fluid dynamics. The numerical model is based on an Eulerian–Lagrangian approach for melt flow and non-metallic inclusion behaviour, respectively. For a prototypical twin strand tundish configuration, basic features of the mean tundish flow, residence time distributions and parameters of the melt history are discussed. It is shown that the pour box design is not only of importance for the tundish flow field but also of significance for processes of secondary metallurgy.
Bayes smoothing algorithms for segmentation of images modeled by Markov random fields

A new image segmentation algorithm is presented, based on recursive Bayes smoothing of images modeled by Markov random fields and corrupted by independent additive noise. The Bayes smoothing algorithm presented is an extension of a 1-D algorithm to 2-D and it yields the a posteriori distribution and the optimum Bayes estimate of the scene value at each pixel, using the total noisy image data. Computational concerns in 2-D, however, necessitate certain simplifying assumptions on the model and approximations on the implementation of the algorithm. In particular, the scene (noiseless image) is modeled as a Markov mesh random field and the algorithm is applied on (horizontal/vertical) strips of the image. The Bayes smoothing algorithm is applied to segmentation of two level test images and remotely sensed SAR data obtained from SEASAT, yielding remarkably good segmentation results even for very low signal to noise ratios.
Vibrations of a Composite Cylindrical Shell Made of a Glass Reinforced Plastic Material

The vibrational characteristics of a composite cylindrical shell were ex perimentally determined and evaluated. The composite cylindrical shell, which is com mercially available, is made of a glass reinforced plastic material. An impedance test was conducted to study the effectiveness of damping and vibration related properties of the composite. For comparison purposes, an identical test was conducted on a cylindrical shell made of steel. Impedance results are presented, discussed and compared between the com posite shell and the steel shell. The significance of this article is that the forced vibrational characteristics of a glass reinforced plastic composite shell are evaluated in an impedance format, and are compared with those of an equivalent shell made of steel.
Progress and Problems in the Theory of Regenerative Phenomena

Regenerative phenomena were introduced some forty years ago to address problems in the theory of continuous‐time Markov processes. The early work in the theory left a number of difficult unsolved problems, in the classification of p‐functions, oscillation and inequalities, the multiplicative theory, and the theory of unbounded semi‐p‐functions. Recent years have shown progress on all of these fronts, and this paper surveys these results, while drawing attention to significant problems that remain open. 2000 Mathematics Subject Classification 60J25 (primary), 26A51 (secondary).
Environmental factors and cancer incidence and mortality in different countries, with special reference to dietary practices

Incidence rates for 27 cancers in 23 countries and mortality rates for 14 cancers in 32 countries have been correlated with a wide range of dietary and other variables. Dietary variables were strongly correlated with several types of cancer, particularly meat consumption with cancer of the colon and fat consumption with cancers of the breast and corpus uteri. The data suggest a possible role for dietary factors in modifying the development of cancer at a number of other sites. The usefulness and limitations of the method are discussed.
DL4‐mediated Notch signaling is required for the development of fetal αβ and γδ T cells

T‐cell development depends upon interactions between thymocytes and thymic epithelial cells (TECs). The engagement of delta‐like 4 (DL4) on TECs by Notch1 expressed by blood‐borne BM‐derived precursors is essential for T‐cell commitment in the adult thymus. In contrast to the adult, the earliest T‐cell progenitors in the embryo originate in the fetal liver and migrate to the nonvascularized fetal thymus via chemokine signals. Within the fetal thymus, some T‐cell precursors undergo programmed TCRγ and TCRδ rearrangement and selection, giving rise to unique γδ T cells. Despite these fundamental differences between fetal and adult T‐cell lymphopoiesis, we show here that DL4‐mediated Notch signaling is essential for the development of both αβ and γδ T‐cell lineages in the embryo. Deletion of the DL4 gene in fetal TECs results in an early block in αβ T‐cell development and a dramatic reduction of all γδ T‐cell subsets in the fetal thymus. In contrast to the adult, no dramatic deviation of T‐cell precursors to alternative fates was observed in the fetal thymus in the absence of Notch signaling. Taken together, our data reveal a common requirement for DL4‐mediated Notch signaling in fetal and adult thymopoiesis.
Sensorless Vector Controlled Drive For Reciprocating Compressor

This paper presents a new algorithm for position sensorless vector control of the permanent magnets synchronous motors (PMSM), which is based on the well-known approach, when rotor position and speed information is obtained by using current error between actual and estimated currents. Estimated current is calculated using motor model, which is written in the synchronous reference frame dq. The current difference is decomposed into two components. One of them is used for motor back-emf and speed estimation and another one is used as a correction term. Rotor position is calculated as an integral of the estimated speed. Utilization of two current error components allows to build reliable system with low estimation error, where one current error component is used for estimation in static modes and another one in dynamic mode. Robustness of the proposed algorithm and its sensitivity to the motor parameters variations are also described. This paper pays attention to the drive starting procedure in the sensorless mode as well.
Stabilizing the recall in similarity search

The recent techniques for approximate similarity search focus on optimizing answer precision/recall and they typically improve the average of these measures over a set of sample queries. However, according to our observation, the recall for particular indexes and queries can fluctuate considerably. In order to stabilize the recall, we propose a query-evaluation model that exploits several variants of the search index. This approach is applicable to a significant subset of current approximate methods with a focus on techniques based purely on metric postulates. Applying this approach to the M-Index structure, we perform extensive measurements on large datasets and we show that this approach has a positive impact on the recall stability and it suppresses the most unsatisfactory cases. Further, the results indicate that the proposed approach can also increase the general average recall for given overall search costs.
Author's Personal Copy Computational Statistics and Data Analysis Estimating Smooth Distribution Function in the Presence of Heteroscedastic Measurement Errors

In most cases authors are permitted to post their version of the article (e.g. in Word or Tex form) to their personal website or institutional repository. Authors requiring further information regarding Elsevier's archiving and manuscript policies are encouraged to visit: a b s t r a c t Measurement error occurs in many biomedical fields. The challenges arise when errors are heteroscedastic since we literally have only one observation for each error distribution. This paper concerns the estimation of smooth distribution function when data are contaminated with heteroscedastic errors. We study two types of methods to recover the unknown distribution function: a Fourier-type deconvolution method and a simulation extrapolation (SIMEX) method. The asymptotics of the two estimators are explored and the asymptotic pointwise confidence bands of the SIMEX estimator are obtained. The finite sample performances of the two estimators are evaluated through a simulation study. Finally, we illustrate the methods with medical rehabilitation data from a neuro-muscular electrical stimulation experiment.
Theoretical foundations for user-controlled forgetting in scrutable long term user models

Emerging technologies are making it feasible for people to capture large amounts of personal information that can support important aspects of their lives. When that information is stored in a persistent storage so that it can drive personalisation, it is called a user model. There has been little exploration of systematic approaches to enable people to gain control over such user models using forgetting mechanisms. This paper first presents reasons why such forgetting mechanisms are desirable. Then it analyses core forms of human forgetting as the basis for a theoretical model of forgetting in user models. Our key contribution is to establish theoretical foundations for the design of mechanisms and interfaces for forgetting in stores of personal information, with the goal of user control of these mechanisms, so that we can enable people to achieve a new form of control over their personal information and its use.
Gas fingerprinting using carbon nanotubes transistor arrays

This paper deals with the fabrication of carbon nanotube field effect transistors (CNTFETs) for gas sensing applications. Such devices exploit the extremely sensitive change of the Schottky barrier heights between carbon nanotubes (CNTs) and drain/source metal electrodes: the gas adsorption creates an interfacial dipole that modifies the metal work function and so the band bending and the height of the Schottky barrier at the contacts. Our aim is to achieve the fingerprinting of a specific gas using a CNTFET based sensor array. This fingerprinting concept is based on the fact that the change of the metal electrode work function strictly depends on the metal/gas interaction. Consequently the CNTFET transfer characteristics will change specifically as a function of this interaction. To demonstrate this new concept, we have fabricated arrays of CNTFETs with different metal contacts: Au, Pd, Ti and Pt. Using these transistors, we have shown that a particular gas, in our case DiMethyl-Methyl-Phosphonate (DMMP, a sarin simulant), interacts specifically with each metal: 1 ppm of DMMP (15 min of exposure) reduces the transistor ON current by about 20% for Pt contacted CNTFETs and by nearly one order of magnitude for Pd contacted CNTFETs. We believe that this new approach can be applied for highly selective sensing of various gases, using ultra-compact, room temperature and very low power devices.
Multi-Mode Transmission for the MIMO Broadcast Channel with Imperfect Channel State Information

This paper proposes an adaptive multi-mode transmission strategy to improve the spectral efficiency achieved in the multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) broadcast channel with delayed and quantized channel state information. The adaptive strategy adjusts the number of active users, denoted as the transmission mode, to balance transmit array gain, spatial division multiplexing gain, and residual inter-user interference. Accurate closed-form approximations are derived for the achievable rates for different modes, which help identify the active mode that maximizes the average sum throughput for given feedback delay and channel quantization error. The proposed transmission strategy can be easily combined with round-robin scheduling to serve a large number of users. As instantaneous channel information is not exploited, the proposed algorithm cannot provide multiuser diversity gain, but it is still able to provide throughput gain over single-user MIMO at moderate signal-to-noise ratio. In addition, it has a light feedback overhead and only requires feedback of instantaneous channel state information from a small number of users. In the system with a feedback load constraint, it is shown that the proposed algorithm provides performance close to that achieved by opportunistic scheduling with instantaneous feedback from a large number of users.
Exploring Hierarchically Organized Georeferenced Multimedia Annotations in the MobiTOP System

We introduce MobiTOP, a map-based interface for accessing hierarchically organized georeferenced annotations. Each annotation contains multimedia content associated with a location, and users are able to annotate existing annotations, in effect creating a hierarchy. MobiTOP’s interface was designed using a participatory design methodology to ensure that the user interface meets the needs of potential users. A pilot study to compare the MobiTOP interface with a space-filling thumbnail (SFT) interface suggested that participants preferred the MobiTOP design for accessing annotations even though the SFT interface was conceptually easier to understand resources.
A fuzzy-based approach to remove clock skew and reset from one-way delay measurement

One-way delay (OWD) traces are important measurements for analyzing end-to-end performance on the Internet. It is still a great challenge to provide a scalable solution for large-scale OWD measurement. Because the clocks at end systems are usually not synchronized, the OWD measurements are often inaccurate. For the more challenging case with clock resets to some reference times during the measurement, the OWD measurements are more inaccurate. Furthermore, the measurement data often exhibit considerable network-induced noise when the network is heavily loaded. All the existing OWD measurement techniques, such as linear programming and convex-hull approach (CHA), try to solve this problem by deterministic mathematics model. However, they often fail to distinguish clock resets from temporary Internet congestion. Based on the fuzzy-clustering analysis, this paper proposes a new algorithm to estimate and remove the clock skews and resets from measurement results. This algorithm has been implemented as a tool called fuzzy-based OWD corrector (FOC). The paper then presents OWD measurements of several Internet paths using FOC. Numerical experiments demonstrate that FOC is more accurate and robust than the existing techniques. FOCs computation complexity O(N) is similar to that of CHA and its computing time is much less than that of convex-hull technique.