Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
GMAP210 and IFT88 are present in the spermatid golgi apparatus and participate in the development of the acrosome–acroplaxome complex, head–tail coupling apparatus and tail

We describe the localization of the golgin GMAP210 and the intraflagellar protein IFT88 in the Golgi of spermatids and the participation of these two proteins in the development of the acrosome–acroplaxome complex, the head–tail coupling apparatus (HTCA) and the spermatid tail. Immunocytochemical experiments show that GMAP210 predominates in the cis‐Golgi, whereas IFT88 prevails in the trans‐Golgi network. Both proteins colocalize in proacrosomal vesicles, along acrosome membranes, the HTCA and the developing tail. IFT88 persists in the acrosome–acroplaxome region of the sperm head, whereas GMAP210 is no longer seen there. Spermatids of the Ift88 mouse mutant display abnormal head shaping and are tail‐less. GMAP210 is visualized in the Ift88 mutant during acrosome–acroplaxome biogenesis. However, GMAP210–stained vesicles, mitochondria and outer dense fiber material build up in the manchette region and fail to reach the abortive tail stump in the mutant. In vitro disruption of the spermatid Golgi and microtubules with Brefeldin‐A and nocodazole blocks the progression of GMAP210‐ and IFT88‐stained proacrosomal vesicles to the acrosome–acroplaxome complex but F‐actin distribution in the acroplaxome is not affected. We provide the first evidence that IFT88 is present in the Golgi of spermatids, that the microtubule‐associated golgin GMAP210 and IFT88 participate in acrosome, HTCA, and tail biogenesis, and that defective intramanchette transport of cargos disrupts spermatid tail development. Developmental Dynamics 240:723–736, 2011. © 2011 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Grooming in mandrills and the time frame of reciprocal partner choice

In this study, we examined the time frame of reciprocal partner choice in the grooming interactions of captive mandrills (Mandrillus sphinx) in order to test the hypothesis that the cognitive limitations of primates constrain the occurrence of reciprocation to short time intervals. In contrast to this hypothesis, mandrills groomed preferentially those individuals that groomed them more even when cases of immediate reciprocation were excluded from the analysis. These results show that mandrills were not limited to reciprocating grooming over short time intervals. It is proposed that a system of emotional bookkeeping may support the ability of primates to reciprocate over long time frames. Am. J. Primatol. 71:884–888, 2009. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Housing Implications of Social, Spatial and Structural Change

Over the past few decades Australia, like a number of other countries, has experienced a significant polarisation of household incomes as a result of social, demographic and economic changes. At the same time there has been a significant decline in home purchase rates amongst younger households. The paper uses micro data from the 1986 and 1996 censuses to explore some of the spatial and socio-economic implications of this change in housing tenure. It raises the question whether these changes are both related and interrelated. It suggests that tenure might be yet another factor that contributes to a process of social and spatial polarisation.
Communications Environment and its Relationship to Organizational Structure

This paper is concerned with the relationships between modes of communication, the communication environment and organizational structure. This is a very neglected area of organizational analysis, which is surprising considering the possible implications of such relationships. A framework is presented within which the above relationships can be identified and studied. Field research methodology is essential to the effort and is discussed in some detail, along with the associated problems of measure and measurement of organizational communications behaviour and organizational structure. An empirical study is described, and some initial propositions tested. Distance appears to be a dominant factor in the mode of communication chosen, and it strongly influences the association of formal structural relations with modes of communication. Such conclusions are tentative, however, as we are describing an on-going research effort.
The Taylor rule: can it be supported by the data?

The Taylor equation is a simple monetary policy rule that determines the Central Bank’s policy rate as a function of inflation and output. A significant body of literature verifies the consistency of the Taylor rule with the data. However, recently there has been a growing literature regarding the validity of the estimated parameters due to the non-stationarity of the interest rate. In this paper I test the consistency of the Taylor rule with the Greek data for the period 1996-2004. It appears that the data do not support the Taylor rule in the sense that they do not form a cointegration set of variables. Therefore, the estimated parameters should be considered fragile and the forecasting for the interest rate as a function of inflation and output should not be expected to be adequately consistent with the actual data.
Exploring Emotion, Affect and Technology in the Urban Environment

With the vision of ubiquitous computing becoming increasingly realized, a new technological layer is being added to the urban environment. This offers the possibility to augment our experience of the city, but to that end, there is a growing need to better understand person-place relationships. Urban HCI studies are increasingly focusing on emotion and affect to create a better understanding of people's experience of the urban environment, and to investigate how technology can play a role in augmenting this urban lived experience. This paper outlines a thesis that seeks to understand how people's experiences of places in the urban environment that are meaningful to them on a personal level, and in particular their stories and emotions connected to those places, could potentially inform the design of future technological devices and services. It investigates the different forms this data could take and the potential for sharing this personal data with others.
Characterization of Cyclin L2, a Novel Cyclin with an Arginine/Serine-rich Domain

A novel method employing filter arrays of a cDNA expression library for the identification of substrates for protein kinases was developed. With this technique, we identified a new member of the cyclin family, cyclin L2, as a substrate of the nuclear protein kinase DYRK1A. Cyclin L2 contains an N-terminal cyclin domain and a C-terminal arginine/serine-rich domain (RS domain), which is a hallmark of many proteins involved in pre-mRNA processing. The gene for cyclin L2 encodes the full-length cyclin L2, which is predominantly expressed in testis, as well as a truncated splicing variant (cyclin L2S) that lacks the RS domain and is ubiquitously expressed in human tissues. Full-length cyclin L2, but not cyclin L2S, was associated with the cyclin-dependent kinase PITSLRE. Cyclin L2 interacted with splicing factor 2 in vitro and was co-localized with the splicing factor SC35 in the nuclear speckle compartment. Photobleaching experiments showed that a fusion protein of green fluorescent protein and cyclin L2 in nuclear speckles rapidly exchanged with unbleached molecules in the nucleus, similar to other RS domain-containing proteins. In striking contrast, the closely related green fluorescent protein-cyclin L1 was immobile in the speckle compartment. DYRK1A interacted with cyclin L2 in pull-down assays, and overexpression of DYRK1A stimulated phosphorylation of cyclin L2 in COS-7 cells. These data characterize cyclin L2 as a highly mobile component of nuclear speckles and suggest that DYRK1A may regulate splicing by phosphorylation of cyclin L2.
Cubic platinum-tungsten alloy nanocrystals in-situ grown on molybdenum disulfide nanosheets for high specific and ultra sensitive detection of hydrogen peroxide

This work reports a novel nanocomposite material, PtW nanocrystals modified MoS2 nanosheets (PtW/MoS2) for the first time. Having been tuned into electrochemical sensor, it is found that this kind of nanocomposite material shows great anti-interference ability toward uric acid (UA) and ascorbic acid (AA). Furthermore, the incorporation of two different nanomaterials in conjunction with each other to form novel composites improves the selective interaction of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) with sensing material surface, achieving efficient transport of reactant species, and further increases the sensitivity and selectivity of electrochemical sensor.
The Impact of Financial Futures on the Cash Market for Treasury Bills

Abstract This paper is concerned with the effect of futures trading in Treasury bills on the volatility of yields in the cash market. It is found that futures trading led to a decrease in volatility initially, but the effect disappeared when futures volume became large and possibly resulted in increased volatility in the secondary cash market. The results also indicated that the deliverable bill appears to sell at a small premium relative to the adjacent maturities prior to the delivery date.
Evaluation of the New Consensus Criteria for the Diagnosis of Primary Progressive Aphasia Using Fluorodeoxyglucose Positron Emission Tomography

Background: New consensus criteria have been proposed to classify primary progressive aphasia (PPA) into three variants: agrammatic, semantic, and logopenic. Some studies have subsequently addressed the usefulness of these criteria, with controversial results. We aimed to determine the correlation between the clinical diagnosis according to the new criteria and brain topography in 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography (FDG-PET). Methods: Patients meeting the PPA criteria were prospectively recruited in a single center during a period of 18 months. They were clinically classified according to the new criteria and underwent FDG-PET. The cerebral metabolism of each patient was compared to a healthy control group using statistical parametric mapping. The expected variant according to the analysis of PET imaging was compared with the clinical diagnosis using the consensus criteria. Results: 32 patients were included. 90% of them fulfilled the consensus criteria and could be classified into one of the three clinical variants. The correlation with the cerebral metabolism was high: the kappa index was 0.91 in the agrammatic variant, 0.71 in the semantic variant, and 0.74 in the logopenic variant. Conclusions: A high correlation with the diagnosis obtained using FDG-PET was found. However, an overdiagnosis of the logopenic variant was observed. These results support the use of the new criteria, but some modifications or complementary studies may still be necessary.
Pharmacological Amelioration of Cone Survival and Vision in a Mouse Model for Leber Congenital Amaurosis

RPE65, an abundant membrane-associate protein in the retinal pigment epithelium (RPE), is a key retinoid isomerase of the visual cycle necessary for generating 11-cis-retinal that functions not only as a molecular switch for activating cone and rod visual pigments in response to light stimulation, but also as a chaperone for normal trafficking of cone opsins to the outer segments. Many mutations in RPE65 are associated with Leber congenital amaurosis (LCA). A R91W substitution, the most frequent LCA-associated mutation, results in a severe decrease in protein level and enzymatic activity of RPE65, causing cone opsin mislocalization and early cone degeneration in the mutation knock-in mouse model of LCA. Here we show that R91W RPE65 undergoes ubiquitination-dependent proteasomal degradation in the knock-in mouse RPE due to misfolding. The 26S proteasome non-ATPase regulatory subunit 13 mediated degradation specifically of misfolded R91W RPE65. The mutation disrupted membrane-association and colocalization of RPE65 with lecithin:retinol acyltransferase (LRAT) that provides the hydrophobic substrate for RPE65. Systemic administration of sodium 4-phenylbutyrate (PBA), a chemical chaperone, increased protein stability, enzymatic activity, membrane-association, and colocalization of R91W RPE65 with LRAT. This rescue effect increased synthesis of 11-cis-retinal and 9-cis-retinal, a functional iso-chromophore of the visual pigments, led to alleviation of S-opsin mislocalization and cone degeneration in the knock-in mice. Importantly, PBA-treatment also improved cone-mediated vision in the mutant mice. These results indicate that PBA, a U.S. Food and Drug Administration-approved safe oral medication, may provide a noninvasive therapeutic intervention that delays daylight vision loss in patients with RPE65 mutations. SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT LCA is a severe early onset retinal dystrophy. Recent clinical trials of gene therapy have implicated the need of an alternative or combination therapy to improve cone survival and function in patients with LCA caused by RPE65 mutations. Using a mouse model carrying the most frequent LCA-associated mutation (R91W), we found that the mutant RPE65 underwent ubiquitination-dependent proteasomal degradation due to misfolding. Treatment of the mice with a chemical chaperone partially corrected stability, enzymatic activity, and subcellular localization of R91W RPE65, which was also accompanied by improvement of cone survival and vision. These findings identify an in vivo molecular pathogenic mechanism for R91W mutation and provide a feasible pharmacological approach that can delay vision loss in patients with RPE65 mutations.
Homeowner warranties and building codes

A game‐theoretic model of moral hazard associated with unobservable builder effort is postulated to examine the effectiveness of homeowner warranties and building code enforcement by local government in assuring desired builders’ effort. Builders have an incentive to claim and charge for high unobservable effort level in constructing homes, but actually exert low effort to earn higher profits. We find that a homeowner warranty increases the unobservable effort of the builder, but cost minimizing behavior by the builder results in an effort choice less than the most efficient level. On the other hand, building code enforcement essentially converts unobservable builder effort to observable effort and efficient effort is indeed possible if enforcement cost is justifiable. However, an overly strict building code may be detrimental to buyers. The conditions under which a buyer would prefer one alternative over the other and where both measures can co‐exist are also examined. The model provides several interesting implications and testable hypotheses. A survey of builders and building codes provides preliminary evidence to support the proposed model.
Measuring Central Bank Independence in Selected Transition Countries and the Disinflation Process

The paper measures the degree of legal and actual central bank independence (CBI) in five Central and Eastern European transition economies striving for EU accession, namely the Czech Republic, Hungary, Poland, Slovakia and Slovenia (CEEC-5). The degree of legal CBI is measured by applying the two most widely used indices, the Cukierman and the Grilli-Masciandaro-Tabellini (GMT) indices. Moreover, the turnover rate of central bank governors is used as a proxy to measure actual CBI. The paper gives an interpretation of computed results, comparing the findings with those of other authors and earlier calculations. Furthermore, the indices on legal and actual CBI themselves are critically reviewed, in particular against the background of the Maastricht Treaty requirements, which in practice constitute the driving force for any amendment of central bank laws in the CEEC-5. Moreover, the role of CBI in bringing down inflation in the CEEC-5 at different stages of transition is briefly discussed. The paper concludes that the overall degree of legal CBI is comparatively high in all countries examined, while the measured turnover rates of governors do not seem to fully reflect the degree of actual CBI in the CEEC-5. Looking at the role of CBI in the disinflation process at different stages of transition, the main causes for inflation seem to have been beyond the direct control of the central bank. A high degree of CBI, together with a reasonable mix of fiscal and monetary policies as well as structural reforms, will be necessary for the CEEC-5 to meet all requirements for joining the EU and, in a more distant future, for adopting the euro.
The relationship between organizational culture and knowledge management in the Islamic Republic of Iran ' s National

In this century, knowledge is seen as a major source of institutional and other resource management needs, so the present study investigates the relationship between organizational culture and knowledge management in the National Olympic Committee. The study is correlation, field and applied research. Statistical population is all National Olympic Committee staff (107 people). Sampling method, here, is census, but due to limitations in the study, 92 questionnaires were returned. Organizational Culture Inventory (2009) and management knowledge Inventory (2009) were administered. The knowledge management questionnaire included four dimensions of commitment to collaboration, Compatibility, adaptation and mission. Ten sports management professors confirmed its validity and reliability Organizational Culture (α=0.86) and Inventory Management (α=0.92). For data analysis Kolmogr of Smirnov test, Pearson and multiple linear regressions were used. Results showed a significant relationship between organizational culture and its factors with knowledge management (P<0.01). The logistic regression analysis showed that the compatibility (β=0.324), adaption (β=0.337) and mission (β=0.227) are significant predictors for knowledge management (P<0.01). With respect to the survey results, it can be said that organizational culture has a fundamental role in the establishment of knowledge management at the NOC.
Comparative diagnostic accuracy of magnetic resonance imaging and immunoscintigraphy for detection of bone marrow involvement in patients with malignant lymphoma.

PURPOSE To compare the diagnostic accuracy of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and immunoscintigraphy (IS) for detection of bone marrow infiltration in malignant lymphoma. PATIENTS AND METHODS In 32 patients with Hodgkin's disease (HD) or non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (NHL), MRI of the axial skeleton and whole-body IS using technetium-99m (99mTc)-labeled monoclonal antibodies were reviewed and compared with iliac crest biopsies. Criterion for marrow infiltration was a positive biopsy or concordant positive results of MRI and IS. RESULTS In 16 patients (50%), MRI, IS, and iliac crest biopsies were negative for marrow infiltration. Iliac crest biopsy showed infiltration in only four patients (13%). Infiltration was missed in two of 32 patients with IS and in one patient with MRI. In one additional patient, MRI was false-positive because of pelvic hematopoietic hyperplasia. A subset of nine patients (28%) with negative biopsies had bone marrow involvement according to MRI and IS with identical location and pattern of infiltration. In eight of these nine patients, diagnostic imaging indicated marrow involvement only in noncrest marrow. Subsequent biopsy confirmed infiltration in five patients. The clinical course suggested true-positive imaging results in the remaining four patients. Two patients (6%) remained equivocal. Overall concordance of MRI and IS for marrow infiltration was 88% (28 of 32 patients). CONCLUSION Diagnostic imaging is essential for optimal staging in malignant lymphoma, as blind biopsies appear to have low sensitivity for bone marrow infiltration because of frequent involvement in noncrest marrow. both imaging modalities show a high rate of detection of bone marrow infiltration.
Lesions of basolateral amygdala impair extinction of CS motivational value, but not of explicit conditioned responses, in Pavlovian appetitive second‐order conditioning

The basolateral amygdala (BLA) is important for the modification of the motivational significance of events through associative learning. In previous work, we found that BLA was critical for the acquisition of conditioned reinforcement value to a visual conditioned stimulus (CS) paired with food. Unlike normal rats, rats with neurotoxic lesions of the BLA failed to acquire Pavlovian second‐order conditioning to an auditory stimulus paired with the first‐order visual CS in the absence of food. In this experiment, we examined the role of BLA in the extinction of the previously acquired conditioned reinforcement value of a Pavlovian CS. Rats received first‐order visual CS‐food pairings prior to either BLA‐ or sham‐lesions. Subsequent CS‐alone extinction training reduced the ability of the visual CS to reinforce second‐order conditioning of an auditory stimulus in the sham‐lesioned rats, but not in the BLA‐lesioned rats. Despite this persistence of the conditioned reinforcement value of the visual first‐order CS in the BLA‐lesioned rats, no effects of the lesions were observed on extinction of the explicit behavioural conditioned responses elicited by that CS.
Switched Local Area network bit-carrying capacity determination

The capacity of Switched Local Area Networks (Switched LANs) is an important parameter for managing their performance. But, there do not seem to be a formal method, or methods, available, for determining this parameter. This paper reports the development of a formal method for determining the capacity of switched LANs. The practical utility of the formula was demonstrated with a real LAN installation.
Vestibular compensation: new clinical and basic science perspectives.

This symposium on vestibular compensation was held in Baltimore, Maryland, on February 16, 2009, at the 32nd annual midwinter research meeting of the Association for Research in Otolaryngology. The meeting program and abstracts have been published online (http://aro.org/abstracts/abstracts.html). The articles, which underwent peer-review for this special issue, address different aspects of vestibular compensation, with the objective of covering a wide spectrum of topics rather than focusing on one approach. Thus, both clinical and basic science studies are presented. The roles of the vestibular nuclei, other brainstem nuclei, vestibular inner ear, cerebellum, and spinal cord in vestibular compensation are discussed. The experiments apply a wide range of approaches, from testing the subject’s balance on stationary and moving platforms to recording vestibulo-ocular reflex (VOR) activity and extracellular single units in intact animals, and whole-cell patch-clamp recordings in brain slices. The presentations emphasize new perspectives on patient diagnosis, treatment, and the basic mechanisms underlying vestibular compensation. We would like to thank the Journal of Vestibular Research for this special issue devoted to this symposium.