Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Severity of cardiomyopathy associated with adenine nucleotide translocator-1 deficiency correlates with mtDNA haplogroup

Mutations of both nuclear and mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA)–encoded mitochondrial proteins can cause cardiomyopathy associated with mitochondrial dysfunction. Hence, the cardiac phenotype of nuclear DNA mitochondrial mutations might be modulated by mtDNA variation. We studied a 13-generation Mennonite pedigree with autosomal recessive myopathy and cardiomyopathy due to an SLC25A4 frameshift null mutation (c.523delC, p.Q175RfsX38), which codes for the heart-muscle isoform of the adenine nucleotide translocator–1. Ten homozygous null (adenine nucleotide translocator–1−/−) patients monitored over a median of 6 years had a phenotype of progressive myocardial thickening, hyperalaninemia, lactic acidosis, exercise intolerance, and persistent adrenergic activation. Electrocardiography and echocardiography with velocity vector imaging revealed abnormal contractile mechanics, myocardial repolarization abnormalities, and impaired left ventricular relaxation. End-stage heart disease was characterized by massive, symmetric, concentric cardiac hypertrophy; widespread cardiomyocyte degeneration; overabundant and structurally abnormal mitochondria; extensive subendocardial interstitial fibrosis; and marked hypertrophy of arteriolar smooth muscle. Substantial variability in the progression and severity of heart disease segregated with maternal lineage, and sequencing of mtDNA from five maternal lineages revealed two major European haplogroups, U and H. Patients with the haplogroup U mtDNAs had more rapid and severe cardiomyopathy than those with haplogroup H.
Study of hydrophobic interactions between acylated proteins and phospholipid bilayers using BIACORE

Intracellular proteins of eukaryotic cells are frequently covalently modified by the addition of long chain fatty acids. These modifications are thought to allow otherwise soluble proteins to associate with membranes by lipid–lipid based hydrophobic interactions. The purpose of this work was to quantify the effect of acyl chain length on hydrophobic interactions between acylated proteins and phospholipid monolayers. The binding of an artificially acylated model protein to electrically neutral phospholipids was studied by surface plasmon resonance, using BIACORE. Kinetic rates for the binding of bovine pancreatic ribonuclease A (RNase A), monoacylated on its N‐terminal lysine with fatty acids of 10, 12, 14, 16 or 18 carbon atoms, to phospholipids on hydrophobic sensor chips, were measured. Unlike unmodified ribonuclease, acylated RNase A bound to the phospholipids, and the association level increased with the acyl chain length to reach a maximum for C16. Reproducible kinetics were obtained which did not fit a 1:1 Langmuir model but rather a two‐step binding profile. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Optimizing the Detection of Venous Invasion in Colorectal Cancer: The Ontario, Canada, Experience and Beyond

Venous invasion (VI) is a well-established independent prognostic indicator in colorectal cancer (CRC). Its accurate detection is particularly important in stage II CRC as it may influence the decision to administer adjuvant therapy. The Royal College of Pathologists (RCPath) of the United Kingdom state that VI should be detected in at least 30% of CRC resection specimens. However, our experience in Ontario, Canada suggests that this (conservative) benchmark is rarely met. This article highlights the “Ontario experience” with respect to VI reporting and the key role that careful morphologic assessment, elastin staining and knowledge transfer has played in improving VI detection provincially and beyond.
Accenting accessible information

In a perception experiment in German, subjects judged the appropriateness of three types of nuclear pitch accent (including deaccentuation) on non-pronominal anaphoric referring expressions, which were either textuall y or inferentiall y accessible from the preceding context. Results confirm that accessible information can indeed be accented – and in some cases must be. However, not all accents are equall y appropriate. The type of accent preferred depends on the relation between the antecedent and the anaphor. Results further suggest a continuum of degrees of activation for referring expressions which is to some extent iconicall y reflected by the pitch height on the lexicall y stressed syllable of the target word.
The treatment of sex offenders: Risk management and good lives.

How would a good lives model of sex offender treatment differ from a risk-need model? In the good lives model, risk factors are viewed as obstacles that erode individuals' capacities to live more fulfilling lives The therapeutic focus is thus on implementing offenders' good lives plans rather than simply managing risk. To develop our argument, we first outline the risk-need approach and briefly comment on its core assumptions. We then present the good lives model and discuss the clinical utility of an integrated approach by way of a case example.
Depression and predictors in Taiwanese survivors with oral cancer.

BACKGROUND Depression is a comorbid disabling problem and potentially affects patient likelihood of survival. The aims of this study were to recognize the characteristics of depression and investigate associated predictor factors in patients with oral cancers. METHODS A cross-sectional and correlational design was used to collect data for this study conducted in northern Taiwan. A set of questionnaires was used to measure depression, symptom distress, performance status, social support, and demographic and disease-related information. Logistic regression was conducted to determine important factors predicting depression. RESULTS A total of 132 oral cancer patients participated in this study. Of these, 18.2% were identified as depression cases. The patient average performance status score was 90 or higher. Patients reported mild-to-moderate levels of symptom distress. The majority of social support was from families. Religious belief, alcohol use, symptom distress, and social support from family were found to be important factors predicting depression. Patients with religious belief with alcohol use reported greater symptom distress, and those with lower levels of social support from families were significantly more likely to develop depression. CONCLUSIONS Clinicians should assess patient emotional status and manage symptoms in a timely manner to enhance coping abilities. Supportive care provides assurance during the acute survivor phase.
A Computation Method of Concept Semantic Similarity in Heterogeneous Ontologies

In allusion to the shortcoming of the existing methods for concept similarity computation that just limited to a certain aspect of concept and can't fully reflect the degree of concept similarity, this paper presents a calculate method of the concept semantic similarity in heterogeneous ontologies. Joining the concept of bridge-connected, this paper improves the classical computation methods of similarity at present that the distance-based similarity computation method. The improved method takes all the efforts to consider the impact of computation result cased by the semantic distance, concept attributes and the number of causes, and then set different weights to calculate the comprehensive semantic similarity between concepts. Finally compare the computation method with probability statistic method and the human subjective judgment, proving this method is valid.
Sparse multiple kernels for impulse response estimation with majorization minimization algorithms

This contribution aims to enrich the recently introduced kernel-based regularization method for linear system identification. Instead of a single kernel, we use multiple kernels, which can be instances of any existing kernels for the impulse response estimation of linear systems. We also introduce a new class of kernels constructed based on output error (OE) model estimates. In this way, a more flexible and richer representation of the kernel is obtained. Due to this representation the associated hyper-parameter estimation problem has two good features. First, it is a difference of convex functions programming (DCP) problem. While it is still nonconvex, it can be transformed into a sequence of convex optimization problems with majorization minimization (MM) algorithms and a local minima can thus be found iteratively. Second, it leads to sparse hyper-parameters and thus sparse multiple kernels. This feature shows the kernel-based regularization method with multiple kernels has the potential to tackle various problems of finding sparse solutions in linear system identification.
Using Hadoop for Large Scale Analysis on Twitter: A Technical Report

Sentiment analysis (or opinion mining) on Twitter data has attracted much attention recently. One of the system's key features, is the immediacy in communication with other users in an easy, user-friendly and fast way. Consequently, people tend to express their feelings freely, which makes Twitter an ideal source for accumulating a vast amount of opinions towards a wide diversity of topics. This amount of information offers huge potential and can be harnessed to receive the sentiment tendency towards these topics. However, since none can invest an infinite amount of time to read through these tweets, an automated decision making approach is necessary. Nevertheless, most existing solutions are limited in centralized environments only. Thus, they can only process at most a few thousand tweets. Such a sample, is not representative to define the sentiment polarity towards a topic due to the massive number of tweets published daily. In this paper, we go one step further and develop a novel method for sentiment learning in the MapReduce framework. Our algorithm exploits the hashtags and emoticons inside a tweet, as sentiment labels, and proceeds to a classification procedure of diverse sentiment types in a parallel and distributed manner. Moreover, we utilize Bloom filters to compact the storage size of intermediate data and boost the performance of our algorithm. Through an extensive experimental evaluation, we prove that our solution is efficient, robust and scalable and confirm the quality of our sentiment identification.
An innovative implementation for directory-based cache coherence in shared memory multiprocessors

Directory-based cache coherence protocol is accepted as the common technique in large scale shared memory multiprocessors because of its scalability. Although it was extensively studied in the past, however, the memory overhead and long miss penalty entailed by this protocol are the major obstacles to scale for large scale multiprocessors. On the other hand, the ever-increasing cache line size makes the false sharing problem more serious than before, which will lead to high miss rate. Based on the scope consistency, we propose a lock-specific home-based cache coherence protocol. In this new cache coherence protocol, all directory memory overhead are eleminated completely and false sharing problem and high miss rate will be sloved greatly at the cost of small write notice buffer in each processor.
Fuzzy morphological operators in image processing

First of all, in this paper we propose a family of fuzzy implication operators, which the generalised Lukasiewicz's one, and to analyse the impacts of Smets and Magrez properties on these operators. The result of this approach will be a characterisation of a proposed family of inclusion grade operators (in Bandler and Kohout's manner) that satisfies the axioms of Divyendu and Dogherty. Second, we propose a method to define fuzzy morphological operators (erosions and dilations). A family of fuzzy implication operators and the inclusion grade are the basis for this method.
Avulsion fracture of the pelvis: Separation of the secondary ossification center in the superior margin of the acetabulum

A 13‐year‐old female sustained a rare avulsion fracture of the secondary ossification center in the superior margin of the acetabulum as the result of contraction of the reflected head of the rectus femoris muscle. Diagnosis was made from plain films and CT scans with 3D image reconstruction. The patient was treated non‐operatively by bed rest with semiflexion of the hip and knee, and appropriate analgesia. Clin. Anat. 16:458–460, 2003. © 2003 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
WHAT IS A MATROID

Matroids were introduced by Whitney in 1935 to try to capture abstractly the essence of dependence. Whitney's definition em- braces a surprising diversity of combinatorial structures. Moreover, ma- troids arise naturally in combinatorial optimization since they are pre- cisely the structures for which the greedy algorithm works. This survey paper introduces matroid theory, presents some of the main theorems in the subject, and identifies some of the major problems of current research interest.
Alcohol Consumption and Endometrial Cancer: Some Unresolved Issues

The role of hormonal factors, in particular unopposed estrogens, on endometrial cancer occurrence is well established. Progesterone deficiency has also been suggested as a possible risk factor. Alcohol use has been shown to be associated with elevated estrogen levels and reduced progesterone. Epidemiologic studies, however, have not offered much support for a positive association between alcohol intake and endometrial cancer, with results generally indicating no association or suggesting an inverse relationship with endometrial cancer. However, certain methodologic limitations, such as small sample size, limited range of alcohol intake, and confounding may have explained those findings. Moreover, there are some unexplored aspects of the possible effect of alcohol, such as the possible interaction with use of exogenous estrogens, and other factors, that need clarification.
Volatile Secondary Metabolite Pattern of Callus Cultures of Chamomilla recutita

Abstract The effects of various plant growth regulators and culture conditions on the production of volatile secondary metabolites from callus cultures of Chamomile (Chamomilla recutita) inflorescence were investigated and the most efficient conditions were determined. The essential oil composition was assayed by GC-MS analysis and found to contain chamomillol, gossonorol, cubenol, α-cadinol, (-)-α-bisabolol, 1-azulenethanol acetate and (-)-α-bisabolol acetate.
The syntax, pragmatics, and prosody of parenthetical what

This article contributes to the discussion of parentheticals. It focuses on a specific one-word parenthetical in English, namely what. To account for its distributional behaviour we offer a multifaceted approach. Specifically, our study explains why parenthetical what strongly prefers the position immediately preceding a cardinal number. In this respect, we identify three key questions which can only be answered collectively by looking into its syntactic properties, semantic and pragmatic motivation, and prosodic characteristics. While syntax accounts for parenthetical what being attached to the node that dominates the number, pragmatics takes care of its position immediately preceding the number, and prosody explains the unacceptability of what in sentence-initial position. In this way, this study supports the idea that to fully account for the behaviour of parenthetical structures, the phenomenon should not be restricted to a single component of the grammar. The strength of the present approach also lies in the authenticity and amount of data we used.
A Systematic Review of the Empirical Literature Evaluating IRBs: What We Know and What We Still Need to Learn

Institutional review boards (IRBs) are integral to the U.S. system of protection of human research participants. Evaluation of IRBs, although difficult, is essential. To date, no systematic review of IRB studies has been published. We conducted a systematic review of empirical studies of U.S. IRBs to determine what is known about the function of IRBs and to identify gaps in knowledge. A structured search in PubMed identified forty-three empirical studies evaluating U.S. IRBs. Studies were included if they reported an empirical investigation of the structure, process, outcomes, effectiveness, or variation of U.S. IRBs. The authors reviewed each study to extract information about study objectives, sample and methods, study results, and conclusions. Empirical evidence collected in forty-three published studies shows that for review of a wide range of types of research, U.S. IRBs differ in their application of the federal regulations, in the time they take to review studies, and in the decisions made. Existing studies show evidence of variation in multicenter review, inconsistent or ambiguous interpretation of the federal regulations, and inefficiencies in review. Despite recognition of a need to evaluate effectiveness of IRB review, no identified published study included an evaluation of IRB effectiveness. Multiple studies evaluating the structure, process, and outcome of IRB review in the United States have documented inconsistencies and inefficiencies. Efforts should be made to address these concerns. Additional research is needed to understand how IRBs accomplish their objectives, what issues they find important, what quality IRB review is, and how effective IRBs are at protecting human research participants.
High Ca2+ concentrations induce a low activity mode and reveal Ca2(+)‐independent long shut intervals in BK channels from rat muscle.

1. Large‐conductance calcium‐activated K+ channels (BK channels) often display long closed intervals at higher levels of Ca2+. To gain further insight into possible mechanisms for these intervals, currents were recorded from single BK channels, using the patch clamp technique, from patches of membrane excised from primary cultures of rat skeletal muscle. 2. High intracellular calcium concentrations ([Ca2+]i; 10‐1000 microM) induced a low activity mode and revealed isolated long shut intervals. Neither of these phenomena were due to the Ba2+ that typically contaminates reagent grade salts. 3. The low activity mode was characterized by typically single brief open intervals with mean durations of 0.1 ms, separated by long shut intervals with mean durations of 100 ms. The very low open probability of about 0.001 during the low activity mode would make a sojourn to this mode functionally equivalent to a sojourn to an inactive state. The durations of sojourns in the low activity mode were exponentially distributed, with the mean durations ranging from about 1 s in 10 microM Ca(i)2+, to 4.5 s in 1000 microM Ca(i)2+. With increased filtering, the brief open intervals would escape detection so that a sojourn to the low activity mode would appear as a single shut interval. A typical channel spent less than 5% of its time in the low activity mode for [Ca2+]i < 10 microM. This increased to about 30% for [Ca2+]i > 100‐1000 microM. A kinetic model with three closed states and two open states could approximate the gating of the low activity mode. 4. The isolated long shut intervals were not from the low activity mode, suggesting a different underlying mechanism. Their frequency of occurrence of about 0.3 s‐1 did not increase with increasing [Ca2+]i, indicating that they did not arise from a slow Ca2+ block. Their durations were exponentially distributed, with a mean of 127 ms, which was independent of [Ca2+]i, suggesting that a single Ca(2+)‐independent closed state or block underlies the isolated long shut intervals. At higher [Ca2+]i, up to 60% of the shut time could be spent in the isolated long shut intervals. 5. These observations suggest that activation of BK channels by high [Ca2+]i can be limited by sojourns to a low activity mode and also by isolated long shut intervals, two additional phenomena that will have to be accounted for in the gating of BK channels.
VO2 max and training indices as determinants of competitive running performance

Abstract The importance of the maximal oxygen uptake (VO2 max) for competitive running performance is established. Although of clear importance, the quantitative association between the volume and intensity of training, and running performance has not been established. The purpose of this investigation was to quantify the relative importance of VO2 max, training volume (miles/week) and intensity for running performance at distances ranging from 1.0 to 26.2 miles. Seventy‐eight well‐trained runners of widely varying ability were studied during uphill treadmill running to determine VO2 max. They provided training records to determine training volume and intensity, and participated in races of 1.0 (n = 31), 2.0 (n = 55), 3.0 (n = 28), 6.0 (n= 17), 10.0 (n = 20) and 26.2 (n = 25) miles. The relationship of VO2 max and training volume and intensity to performance was determined using multiple regression. Performance (running time) was highly correlated with VO2 max (r= ‐0.91, ‐0.92, ‐0.94, ‐0.96, ‐0.95 and ‐0.
Low-dose naloxone provides an abuse-deterrent effect to buprenorphine

In developmental research, plasma buprenorphine concentrations comparable to a 2 mg buprenorphine–naloxone (BN) sublingual tablet have been achieved with a 0.75 mg dose of BN buccal film, a small, bioerodible polymer film for application to mucosal membranes. This was a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, single-dose, four-period crossover study in opioid-dependent subjects with chronic pain receiving >100 mg oral morphine equivalents daily who experienced withdrawal following a naloxone challenge dose. The objective of the study was to determine if intravenous (IV) naloxone doses of 0.1 and 0.2 mg would produce a withdrawal response when coadministered with a 0.75 mg IV dose of buprenorphine. Fifteen subjects receiving 90–1,260 mg oral morphine equivalents per day enrolled and completed the study. Precipitated withdrawal occurred in 13% (2/15) of placebo-treated subjects and 47% (7/15) of buprenorphine-treated subjects. When combined with the 0.75 mg dose of buprenorphine, a 0.1 mg dose of naloxone increased the incidence of precipitated withdrawal to 60%, and a 0.2 mg dose of naloxone increased the incidence to 73%. By 15 minutes postdose, the mean change in Clinical Opioid Withdrawal Scale (COWS) score from predose was 3.0 for placebo, 6.9 for buprenorphine, 9.8 for BN 0.1 mg, and 12.4 for BN 0.2 mg. The mean COWS score with each active treatment was significantly greater than placebo (P<0.001), and the mean COWS score for each of the naloxone-containing treatments was significantly greater than for buprenorphine alone (P<0.001). Naloxone doses as low as 0.1 mg added an abuse-deterrent effect to a 0.75 mg IV dose of buprenorphine.
School‐based prevention: current status and future challenges

The field of school‐based prevention of behavioral problems and promotion of caring and competence has grown dramatically in the past decade. This article provides a brief summary of current progress in the field and a discussion of future challenges and directions in research and practice. The article presents four future directions for research in the field of school‐based prevention and health promotion: building the science of implementation and sustainability, building greater integration between educational policy and prevention, understanding factors influencing program integration with ongoing programming in schools, and the continued development and refinement of new programs and models. These future directions are driven by two significant research‐to‐service challenges faced both by practitioners and researchers that involve systems integration across developmental stages and levels of care. There is little question that further advances in the development and application of effective preventio.