Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Joint Center for Housing Studies Harvard University The Policy Implications of Portfolio Choice in Underserved Mortgage Markets

Homeownership increases the incentive to maintain property and neighborhood, as well as decreasing the outflow of rents from low-income zones. However these benefits are not costless to homeowners. With a mortgage comes the possibility of default, the financial demands of maintenance, a reduction in alternate investment opportunities, an increased exposure to fluctuations in local economic conditions, and a drastic reduction in the liquidity of personal wealth. Recently, policy makers have sought to increase mortgage lending in traditionally underserved markets. In this paper we consider the effects of this policy in light of the risk and return of housing and the current tax treatment of the home mortgage deduction. We find housing to be a relatively poor asset class in which to invest the bulk of family wealth. Trends in housing suggest that a large percentage of homeowners who bought and sold within a five-year horizon in the United States over the last 20 years lost money on the investment. Lowering the equity required to purchase a home does little to alleviate the problem. We show that the current tax code if anything encourages renting over buying and gentrification of low-income housing markets. If the government wishes to encourage homeownership among low-income families despite the risks, then we argue that government agencies should share information about the risk and return of homeownership with its citizens. In addition, a direct subsidy through a tax credit may be both warranted and necessary to achieve the desired result.
Ca. Nitrososphaera and Bradyrhizobium are inversely correlated and related to agricultural practices in long-term field experiments

Agricultural land management, such as fertilization, liming, and tillage affects soil properties, including pH, organic matter content, nitrification rates, and the microbial community. Three different study sites were used to identify microorganisms that correlate with agricultural land use and to determine which factors regulate the relative abundance of the microbial signatures of the agricultural land-use. The three sites included in this study are the Broadbalk Experiment at Rothamsted Research, UK, the Everglades Agricultural Area, Florida, USA, and the Kellogg Biological Station, Michigan, USA. The effects of agricultural management on the abundance and diversity of bacteria and archaea were determined using high throughput, barcoded 16S rRNA sequencing. In addition, the relative abundance of these organisms was correlated with soil features. Two groups of microorganisms involved in nitrogen cycle were highly correlated with land use at all three sites. The ammonia oxidizing-archaea, dominated by Ca. Nitrososphaera, were positively correlated with agriculture while a ubiquitous group of soil bacteria closely related to the diazotrophic symbiont, Bradyrhizobium, was negatively correlated with agricultural management. Analysis of successional plots showed that the abundance of ammonia oxidizing-archaea declined and the abundance of bradyrhizobia increased with time away from agriculture. This observation suggests that the effect of agriculture on the relative abundance of these genera is reversible. Soil pH and NH3 concentrations were positively correlated with archaeal abundance but negatively correlated with the abundance of Bradyrhizobium. The high correlations of Ca. Nitrososphaera and Bradyrhizobium abundances with agricultural management at three long-term experiments with different edaphoclimatic conditions allowed us to suggest these two genera as signature microorganisms for agricultural land use.
A Mobile-Agent-Based Adaptive Data Fusion Algorithm for Multiple Signal Ensembles in Wireless Sensor Networks

Distributed Compressed Sensing (DCS) is an emerging field that exploits both intra- and inter-signal correlation structures and enables new distributed coding algorithms for multiple signal ensembles in wireless sensor networks. The DCS theory rests on the joint sparsity of a multi-signal ensemble. In this paper we propose a new mobile-agent-based Adaptive Data Fusion (ADF) algorithm to determine the minimum number of measurements each node required for perfectly joint reconstruction of multiple signal ensembles. We theoretically show that ADF provides the optimal strategy with as minimum total number of measurements as possible and hence reduces communication cost and network load. Simulation results indicate that ADF enjoys better performance than DCS and mobile-agent-based full data fusion algorithm including reconstruction performance and network energy efficiency.
A Calibration-Free PVTD-Variation-Tolerant Sensing Scheme for Footless-8T SRAM Designs

We propose a calibration-free sensing scheme to solve the diminishing sensing margin and unstable trip-point problems of the sense amplifier caused by process, voltage, and temperature variations and by data dependency in conventional single-ended-and footless-8T SRAM designs. The key designs in this new scheme include an NMOS keeper for enlarging and uniformizing the sensing margin across operating conditions, a continuously variable trip-point sense amplifier for automatically adapting the trip-point, and a new corresponding sensing operation. The proposed scheme has been applied in the design of a 512-kb SRAM frame buffer in a video-recording SoC in 65-nm LP CMOS. For a 1-MHz operating frequency, the minimal supply voltage, Vmin, of the frame buffer is 0.45 V. At 0.48 V, the frame buffer has a minimum energy consumption of 26.5 pJ/cycle.
HED-ID: An Affective Adaptation Model Explaining the Intensity-Duration Relationship of Emotion

Intensity and duration are both pertinent aspects of an emotional experience, yet how they are related is unclear. Though stronger emotions usually last longer, sometimes they abate faster than the weaker ones. We present a quantitative model of affective adaptation, the process by which emotional responses to unchanging affective stimuli weaken with time, that addresses this intensity-duration problem. The model, described by three simple linear algebraic equations, assumes that the relationship between an affective stimulus and its experiencer can be broken down into three parameters. Self-relevance and explanation level combine multiplicatively to determine emotion intensity whereas the interaction of these with explanatory ease determines its duration. The model makes predictions, consistent with available empirical data, about emotion intensity, its duration, and adaptation speed for different scenarios. It predicts when the intensity-duration correlation is positive, negative or even absent, thus offering a solution to the intensity-duration problem. The model also addresses the shortcomings of past models of affective adaptation with its enhanced predictive power and by offering a more complete explanation to empirical observations that earlier models explain inadequately or fail to explain altogether. The model has potential applications in areas such as virtual reality training, games, human-computer interactions, and robotics.
Online kernel receiver for multiaccess MIMO channels

This paper introduces an online receiver for multiaccess multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) channels by using kernel functions. The receiver implicitly operates, with linear complexity, in a general infinite dimensional Reproducing Kernel Hilbert Space (RKHS). Given a training sequence of symbols, the problem is viewed as a sequential multiregression oprimization problem, where any continuous convex cost function, even non-differentiable, can be used. Numerical examples show that the proposed receiver outperforms linear receivers, built upon the well-known orthogonal space-time block codes, in cases where severe multiaccess interference is present.
From Obscurity to Prominence in Minutes: Political Speech and Real-Time Search

Recently, all major search engines introduced a new feature: real-time search results, embedded in the first page of organic search results. The content appearing in these results is pulled by Twitter, blogs, and news websites within minutes of its generation. In this paper, we argue that in the context of political speech, this feature provides disproportionate exposure to personal opinions, fabricated content, unverified events, lies and misrepresentations that would otherwise not find their way in the first page, giving them the opportunity to spread virally. We provide evidence from the recent Massachusetts senate race between Martha Coakley and Scott Brown, analyzing attacks launched inside Twitter.
Analysis of chromosomal aberration (1, 3, and 8) and association of microRNAs in uveal melanoma

Purpose Uveal melanoma is the most common intraocular primary tumor, involving iris, ciliary body and choroid. More than 90% of the patients develop hepatic metastasis with an average survival time of 7 months. We have used formalin fixed paraffin embedded sections to validate the presence of monosomy 3, an accurate predictor of metastasis, chromosome 8 isochromosome (8q22), and 1p36 deletion. This study also tested the presence of oncomirs in uveal melanoma samples by microRNA (miRNA) expression profiling. Methods Chromogenic in situ hybridization (CISH) was performed in formalin fixed, paraffin embedded sections of uveal melanoma to analyze chromosome 1, 3, and 8 aberrations (n=60). MicroRNA (miRNA) expression profiling was done on paraffin sections of invasive tumor with liver metastasis (n=1) and non invasive tumor (n=1) in biological duplicates. Samples for miRNA expression profiling were identified based on case registry and the harboring of monosomy 3 by CISH. Results A significant correlation (p=0.05) between metastasizing and non-metastasizing melanoma harboring chromosomal aberrations- monosomy3, c-myc, and 1p36 was observed by Pearson’s correlation. A significant correlation was observed in monosomy 3 and 1p36 positive cases in the tumor samples (p=0.039). No significance was observed between monosomy 3 and c-myc positive cases. No significance (p=0.096) was observed between c-myc amplification and trisomy (extra whole chromosome 8). MicroRNA expression profiling revealed the presence of 19 miRNAs expressed in non-metastasizing melanoma and absent in metastasizing melanoma. Eleven miRNAs were found to be expressed in metastasizing melanoma and absent in non-metastasizing melanoma. Genes targeted by the miRNAs were found to be present in chromosomal regions 8p22, 13q, and 17p but were often found to be deleted. Conclusions This technique can be applied to routine pathology using archival specimens to identify patients with monosomy 3. We were able to perform CISH in all the cases except the heavily pigmented tumors, where dots were observed but were not assessed. Initial studies on microRNA have revealed their role as oncomirs in both metastasizing and non-metastasizing melanomas. Further studies may provide insights into their role in tumor progression and facilitate metastatic phenotype analysis.
Too Much of a Good Thing?

In a two-player proactive response game the level of proactive activity and the choice of terrorist target is endogenized. The targeted government first chooses its measures to weaken the terrorists, and the terrorists then choose the type of event—normal or spectacular. Unlike previous analyses, proactive policy has a downside by increasing grievances and, consequently, terrorist recruitment. If the government responds too harshly, its actions can empower the terrorists by providing a larger constituency. Aggressive antiterrorist actions, encouraged by a high perceived loss from terrorism and low marginal proactive costs, may result in spectacular events with dire consequences. If spectaculars are transferred abroad to soft targets, then proactive operations may be excessive from a global viewpoint as external costs are ignored. The analysis explains why some target nations engage in a modest level of offense but a prime target chooses a large level.
Arabidopsis AtGPAT1, a Member of the Membrane-Bound Glycerol-3-Phosphate Acyltransferase Gene Family, Is Essential for Tapetum Differentiation and Male Fertility Article, publication date, and citation information can be found at www.plantcell.org/cgi/doi/10.1105/tpc.012427.

Membrane-bound glycerol-3-phosphate acyltransferase (GPAT; EC 2.3.1.15) mediates the initial step of glycerolipid biosynthesis in the extraplastidic compartments of plant cells. Here, we report the molecular characterization of a novel GPAT gene family from Arabidopsis, designated AtGPAT. The corresponding polypeptides possess transmembrane domains and GPAT activity when expressed heterologously in a yeast lipid mutant. The functional significance of one isoform, AtGPAT1, is the focus of the present study. Disruption of the AtGPAT1 gene causes a massive pollen development arrest, and subsequent introduction of the gene into the mutant plant rescues the phenotype, illustrating a pivotal role for AtGPAT1 in pollen development. Microscopic examinations revealed that the gene lesion results in a perturbed degeneration of the tapetum, which is associated with altered endoplasmic reticulum profiles and reduced secretion. In addition to the sporophytic effect, AtGPAT1 also exerts a gametophytic effect on pollen performance, as the competitive ability of a pollen grain to pollinate is dependent on the presence of an AtGPAT1 gene. Deficiency in AtGPAT1 correlates with several fatty acid composition changes in flower tissues and seeds. Unexpectedly, however, a loss of AtGPAT1 causes no significant change in seed oil content.
Nurturing identity formation in adolescence through narrative learning: a dialogue between the pedagogies of media literacy and religious education

ABSTRACT In these last four decades or so, adolescence became understood as the time when young people ask fundamental questions about themselves, each other, the world, and one’s past, present and future life that seek unity of purpose and coherence. For most young people the digital media are popular modalities through which they seek, consciously or unconsciously, meaningful answers to such questions. Multimodal spaces are sites for adolescent identity construction, a reality that prompted media educators to focus more on youth as authors of multimodal productions that provide opportunities to create narratives of self. RE has been increasingly justified by the support it provides students to become subjects of life, and the potential to provide opportunities for meaning-making. This essay explores how these functions of RE become more possible through the creative pedagogy of MLE and the digital technologies it utilizes for storytelling, especially photography and film-making which can engage the processes of interpretation and meaning-making, imagination and critical reflection. The creativity of MLE can be positively utilized in RE for meaning-making and identity formation. This paper draws upon the Maltese context in which RE is more of a confessional nature (CRE). This model could significantly benefit from such an endeavour.
Resting-State Functional Connectivity Indexes Reading Competence in Children and Adults

Task-based neuroimaging studies face the challenge of developing tasks capable of equivalently probing reading networks across different age groups. Resting-state fMRI, which requires no specific task, circumvents these difficulties. Here, in 25 children (8–14 years) and 25 adults (21–46 years), we examined the extent to which individual differences in reading competence can be related to resting-state functional connectivity (RSFC) of regions implicated in reading. In both age groups, reading standard scores correlated positively with RSFC between the left precentral gyrus and other motor regions, and between Broca's and Wernicke's areas. This suggests that, regardless of age group, stronger coupling among motor regions, as well as between language/speech regions, subserves better reading, presumably reflecting automatized articulation. We also observed divergent RSFC–behavior relationships in children and adults, particularly those anchored in the left fusiform gyrus (FFG) (the visual word form area). In adults, but not children, better reading performance was associated with stronger positive correlations between FFG and phonology-related regions (Broca's area and the left inferior parietal lobule), and with stronger negative relationships between FFG and regions of the “task-negative” default network. These results suggest that both positive RSFC (functional coupling) between reading regions and negative RSFC (functional segregation) between a reading region and default network regions are important for automatized reading, characteristic of adult readers. Together, our task-independent RSFC findings highlight the importance of appreciating developmental changes in the neural correlates of reading competence, and suggest that RSFC may serve to facilitate the identification of reading disorders in different age groups.
Growth of Enterprise Information Technology Application : System Dynamics Model and Empirical Evidence

The present research on the growth of enterprise information technology applications is to build an effective system dynamics model which can reveal the internal laws of the general process experienced by an enterprise integrating the application of modern information technology and management. Based on the literature review and surveys on more than two hundred companies, we sum up the mechanism among the information technology application and key impact factors. In accordance with the conventional modeling methods of system dynamics, a model has been built and tested. The model is also supported by the empirical evidence.
Digital Circuit Design Using Support Vector Machines

Digital circuits are preferred over its analog counterpart with the invention of microprocessors, microcontrollers, digital signal processors and Field Programmable Gate Arrays (FPGA). Digital circuits in the form of digital arithmetic and digital logics are employed for various applications. On the other side, Support Vector Machine (SVM) is considered as a state-of-the-art tool for pattern recognition. In this paper, a novel attempt is made to study, assess and design digital circuits using two-class and multi class support vector machine classifiers. It is reported in literature that computational complexity and the classification time for SVM classifier depends on the number of support vectors required for classification. In order to reduce the number of support vectors, an optimum threshold technique based SVM classifier is employed for the design of digital circuits and it is observed that a maximum of 87.5% of total support vectors are pruned on using the technique.
Associated factors with major depression: a path analysis on NHANES 2013–2014 study

ABSTRACT Depression is a common mental disorder. The purpose of this study was to survey the direct and indirect effects of associated factors with major depression (MD) among the population aged 18 years and older of the NHANES 2013–2014. The study was based on a sample of the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey data, including 5393 people. To detect MD, the Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9) was used. Path analysis with Mplus software was used to perform analyses. The prevalence of MD was 6.9% in men and 12.4% in women. The final model was fitted well with sample data (p = 0.00; RMSEA = 0.05; CFI = 0.89; TLI = 0.77; WRMR = 1.93 in men and p = 0.00; RMSEA = 0.05; CFI = 0.92; TLI = 0.86; WRMR = 2.03 in women). Income, body mass index, chronic diseases and sleep disorder in both men and women and HDL cholesterol and drug use only in women have a direct effect on MD. Income, body mass index, smoking, and chronic diseases have an indirect effect on MD. Sleep disorder has the greatest total effect on MD. It is necessary to pay attention to these effective factors in control of major depression.
Collisional and thermal effects on liquid lithium sputtering

The lithium sputtering yield from lithium and tin-lithium surfaces in the liquid state under bombardment by low-energy, singly charged particles as a function of target temperature is measured by using the Ion-surface Interaction Experiment facility. Total erosion exceeds that expected from conventional collisional sputtering after accounting for lithium evaporation for temperatures between 200 and 400 deg. C. Lithium surfaces treated with high-fluence D atoms are bombarded by H{sup +}, D{sup +}, He{sup +}, and Li{sup +} at energies between 200 and 1000 eV and 45 deg. incidence. Erosion measurements account for temperature-dependent evaporation. For example, 700 eV He{sup +} particles bombarding the D-treated liquid Li surface at room temperature result in a sputter yield of 0.12 Li/ion and at temperatures {approx}2.0T{sub m} (where T{sub m} is the melting temperature of the sample), a yield near and above unity. The enhancement of lithium sputtering is observed to be a strong function of temperature and moderately on particle energy. Bombardment of a low-vapor-pressure lithium alloy (0.8 Sn-Li), used for comparison, also results in nonlinear rise of lithium erosion as a function of temperature. Measurements on both pure liquid Li and the alloy indicate a weak dependence with surface temperature of the secondarymore » ion-induced secondary ion emission. Treatment of liquid Li surfaces with D, yields reduced sputtering under He{sup +} impact by a factor of 5-6 when measured at room temperature due to preferential sputtering effects. « less
Influence of the exercise frequency, intensity, time and type according to different training modalities on the cardiac rehabilitation programs

Exercise-based cardiac rehabilitation is considered as a cornerstone of non-pharmacological treatments in cardiac patients and several previous studies have been performed with this population to know the effects of this treatment. The main goal of these researches has been to analyse the influence of different training modalities, such as endurance training, resistance training or combined endurance and resistance training. Within endurance training, the principal topic is the efficacy of moderate continuous training and high-intensity interval training. However, the findings of these previous studies are controversial and a very high heterogeneity has been reported in previous meta-analyses. Despite the fact that the influence of the training variables, such as frequency, intensity, time and type (FITT variables) has been widely reported, none of the previous studies have considered these variables globally in order to explain the controversial results. Therefore, the aim of this review was to interpret previous studies to explain this heterogeneity and set out proposals to manage exercise-based cardiac rehabilitation properly. The review helped to show the lack of control of FITT variables and their influence in the effect of exercise-based cardiac rehabilitation, highlighting the need to control these variables properly to reach higher adaptations in cardiac rehabilitation.