Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Experimental investigation the dynamic pressure attenuation of elastic fabric for compression garment

Compression garments are made of elastic fabric, which is used for operational reasons and clinical applications for treating venous ulceration, deep vein thrombosis or burns. The constant pressure of compression garments exerted on human body is very essential, and the success of the application is extremely dependent on this pressure. However, elastic fabric has a characteristic of hysteresis which contributes to the pressure decay during wearing. In this study, dynamic pressure attenuation is investigated experimentally. Dynamic pressure decreases with the repeated extension and recovery; its pressure attenuation increases as the extension level varied from 10% to 40%. The effects of fabric parameters on dynamic pressure at 1st test cycle and on dynamic pressure attenuation are also analyzed, such as spandex feeding rate and fabric structure. These results provide a better understanding of characteristics of elastic fabric used for making compression garments, and are beneficial for practitioners with scientific developments and for effective applications.
Phrase Pair Rescoring with Term Weighting for Statistical Machine Translation

We propose to score phrase translation pairs for statistical machine translation using term weight based models. These models employ tf.idf to encode the weights of content and non-content words in phrase translation pairs. The translation probability is then modeled by similarity functions defined in a vector space. Two similarity functions are compared. Using these models in a statistical machine translation task shows significant improvements.
Pattern and control of biomass allocation across global forest ecosystems

Abstract The underground part of a tree is an important carbon sink in forest ecosystems. Understanding biomass allocation between the below‐ and aboveground parts (root:shoot ratios) is necessary for estimation of the underground biomass and carbon pool. Nevertheless, large‐scale biomass allocation patterns and their control mechanisms are not well identified. In this study, a large database of global forests at the community level was compiled to investigate the root:shoot ratios and their responses to environmental factors. The results indicated that both the aboveground biomass (AGB) and belowground biomass (BGB) of the forests in China (medians 73.0 Mg/ha and 17.0 Mg/ha, respectively) were lower than those worldwide (medians 120.3 Mg/ha and 27.7 Mg/ha, respectively). The root:shoot ratios of the forests in China (median = 0.23), however, were not significantly different from other forests worldwide (median = 0.24). In general, the allocation of biomass between the belowground and aboveground parts was determined mainly by the inherent allometry of the plant but also by environmental factors. In this study, most correlations between root:shoot ratios and environmental factors (development parameter, climate, altitude, and soil) were weak but significant (p < .01). The allometric model agreed with the trends observed in this study and effectively estimated BGB based on AGB across the entire database.
Using file-grain connectivity to implement a peer-to-peer file system

Recent work has demonstrated a peer-to-peer storage system that locates data objects using O(logN) messages by placing objects on nodes according to pseudo-randomly chosen IDs. While elegant, this approach constrains system functionality and flexibility: files are immutable, directories and symbolic names are not supported, data location is fixed, and access locality is not exploited. This paper presents Mammoth, a peer-to-peer hierarchical file system that, unlike alternative approaches, supports a traditional file-system API, allows files and directories to be stored on any node, and adapts storage location to exploit locality, balance load, and ensure availability. Our approach handles all coordination at the granularity of files instead of nodes. In effect, the nodes that store a particular file act as its server independently of other nodes in the system. The resulting system is highly available and robust to failure. Our experiments with our prototype have yielded good results, but an important question remains: how the system will perform on a massive scale. We discuss the key issues, some of which we have addressed and others that remain open.
Research of Customized Aortic Stent Graft Manufacture

Thoracic descending aorta diseases include aortic dissection and aortic aneurysm, of which the natural mortality rate is extremely high. At present, endovascular aneurysm repair (EVAR) has been widely used as an effective means for the treatment of descending aortic disease. Most of the existing coating stents are standard design, which are unable to meet the size or structure of different patients. As a result, failure of treatment would be caused by dimensional discrepancy between stent and vessels, which could lead to internal leakage or rupture of blood vessels. Therefore, based on rapid prototyping sacrificial core – coating forming (RPSC-CF), a customized aortic stent graft manufactured technique has been proposed in this study. The aortic stent graft consists of film and metallic stent, so polyether polyurethane (PU) and nickel-titanium (NiTi) shape memory alloy with good biocompatibility were chosen. To minimum film thickness without degrading performance, effect of different dip coating conditions on the thickness of film were studied. To make the NiTi alloy exhibit super-elasticity at body temperature (37°C), influence of different heat treatment conditions on austenite transformation temperature (Af) and mechanical properties were studied. The results show that the customized stent grafts could meet the demand of personalized therapy, and have good performance in blasting pressure and radial support force, laying the foundation for further animal experiment and clinical experiment.
Elastohydrodynamic lubrication analysis of hip implants with ultra high molecular weight polyethylene cups under transient conditions

Abstract The transient variation of both the load and speed experienced during walking in an elastohydrodynamic lubrication (EHL) analysis for artificial hip joints employing an ultra high molecular weight polyethylene (UHMWPE) acetabular cup against either a metallic or ceramic femoral head was considered in this study. A general numerical procedure to solve the transient EHL problem in spherical ball-in-socket coordinates, developed in a previous study by Jalali-Vahid and Jin in 2002, was applied under three specific conditions experienced during typical gait cycles, including speed reversal, a sudden load increase and a sudden load decrease. The predicted minimum film thickness was found to stay remarkably constant and similar to that prior to the change in either the load or the angular velocity, despite a large change in these operating conditions. This was attributed to the remarkably effective squeeze-film action of preserving and maintaining the lubricating film developed before the transient variations in either the load or speed. It is therefore possible to neglect the effect of these specific transient variations of load and speed under physiological walking conditions considered in the present study on the predicted film thickness in hip implants with UHMWPE cups.
A Semi-Lagrangian Approach for American Asian Options under Jump Diffusion

A semi-Lagrangian method is presented to price continuously observed fixed strike Asian options. At each timestep a set of one-dimensional partial integrodifferential equations (PIDEs) is solved and the solution of each PIDE is updated using semi-Lagrangian timestepping. Crank--Nicolson and second-order backward differencing timestepping schemes are studied. Monotonicity and stability results are derived. With low volatility values, it is observed that the nonsmoothness at the strike in the payoff affects the convergence rate; a subquadratic convergence rate is observed.
BioC interoperability track overview

BioC is a new simple XML format for sharing biomedical text and annotations and libraries to read and write that format. This promotes the development of interoperable tools for natural language processing (NLP) of biomedical text. The interoperability track at the BioCreative IV workshop featured contributions using or highlighting the BioC format. These contributions included additional implementations of BioC, many new corpora in the format, biomedical NLP tools consuming and producing the format and online services using the format. The ease of use, broad support and rapidly growing number of tools demonstrate the need for and value of the BioC format. Database URL: http://bioc.sourceforge. net/
Performance evaluation of layer adaptive multi-user scheduling in LTE-A downlink

Multi-user MIMO is an important technique to utilize the spatial degree of freedom brought by multiple antennas at the transmitter. To be employed in the downlink of practical systems, some sub-optimal algorithms have to be developed to handle the user selection and precoding with limited feedback on channel state information and reasonable computational complexity at a base station. In this paper we evaluate the performance of a specific multi-user scheduling algorithm, which selects users one by one with greedy search and results in a scheduled user set with adaptive size. The performance is compared with traditional two-user scheduling algorithm in single-cell, and we also show the performance of Coordinated Multi-Point transmission with the layer adaptive algorithm by applying it to users from multiple cells. The system level simulation is based on 3GPP LTE-A framework, and the evaluation can be used as guidance for concrete scheduler design.
The KAAACI Standardization Committee Report on the procedure and application of fractional exhaled nitric oxide measurement

• This research was supported by a fund (A092076) by Research of Korea Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Received: April 5, 2017 Revised: June 8, 2017 Accepted: June 23, 2017 © 2017 The Korean Academy of Pediatric Allergy and Respiratory Disease The Korean Academy of Asthma, Allergy and Clinical Immunology This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/)
A small-world of neuronal functional network from multi-electrode recordings during a working memory task

Graph theory is a very useful tool in the study of functional and anatomical network in the brain. It had been widely used in the functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) and electroencephalography (EEG) signals. Only very few studies analyzed the neuronal connections composed of individually recorded neurons. Particularly applying in the case of neuronal functional networks of animal behavior-dependent was rare. Scientists have found the small-world network properties in the functional network derived from fMRI and EEG signals. Whether there are existing small-world properties in the neuronal networks of multi-electrode recording? We use graph theory techniques to construct and analyze the neuronal networks. In the functional networks of a simultaneously recorded population of neurons in prefrontal cortex of the rat, in a Y-maze working memory task, we find that the neuronal connection density is highly relevant to rat behavior. We find there is a small-world effect in the neuronal functional network compared to a random graph with the same size and average connection density. We also find that small-world properties have a great relationship to correlation coefficient threshold selection. These findings indicate that neuronal functional networks of multi-electrode recordings are also small-world networks. Network connection topology and connection density are related to the working memory tasks in the rat.
The STT3a Subunit Isoform of the Arabidopsis Oligosaccharyltransferase Controls Adaptive Responses to Salt/Osmotic Stress Article, publication date, and citation information can be found at www.plantcell.org/cgi/doi/10.1105/tpc.013862.

Arabidopsis stt3a-1 and stt3a-2 mutations cause NaCl/osmotic sensitivity that is characterized by reduced cell division in the root meristem. Sequence comparison of the STT3a gene identified a yeast ortholog, STT3, which encodes an essential subunit of the oligosaccharyltransferase complex that is involved in protein N-glycosylation. NaCl induces the unfolded protein response in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) and cell cycle arrest in root tip cells of stt3a seedlings, as determined by expression profiling of ER stress–responsive chaperone (BiP-GUS) and cell division (CycB1;1-GUS) genes, respectively. Together, these results indicate that plant salt stress adaptation involves ER stress signal regulation of cell cycle progression. Interestingly, a mutation (stt3b-1) in another Arabidopsis STT3 isogene (STT3b) does not cause NaCl sensitivity. However, the stt3a-1 stt3b-1 double mutation is gametophytic lethal. Apparently, STT3a and STT3b have overlapping and essential functions in plant growth and developmental processes, but the pivotal and specific protein glycosylation that is a necessary for recovery from the unfolded protein response and for cell cycle progression during salt/osmotic stress recovery is associated uniquely with the function of the STT3a isoform.
An Ecological Assessment of the Pandemic Threat of Zika Virus

The current outbreak of Zika virus poses a threat of unknown magnitude to human health1. While the range of the virus has been cataloged growing slowly over the last 50 years, the recent explosive expansion in the Americas indicates that the full potential distribution of Zika remains uncertain2-4. Moreover, most current epidemiology relies on its similarities to dengue fever, a phylogenetically closely related disease of unknown similarity in spatial range or ecological niche5,6. Here we compile the first spatially explicit global occurrence dataset from Zika viral surveillance and serological surveys, and construct ecological niche models to test basic hypotheses about its spread and potential establishment. The hypothesis that the outbreak of cases in Mexico and North America are anomalous and outside the ecological niche of the disease, and may be linked to El Nino or similar climatic events, remains plausible at this time7. Comparison of the Zika niche against the known distribution of dengue fever suggests that Zika is more constrained by the seasonality of precipitation and diurnal temperature fluctuations, likely confining the disease to the tropics outside of pandemic scenarios. Projecting the range of the diseases in conjunction with vector species (Aedes africanus, Ae. aegypti, and Ae. albopictus) that transmit the pathogens, under climate change, suggests that Zika has potential for northward expansion; but, based on current knowledge, Zika is unlikely to fill the full range its vectors occupy. With recent sexual transmission of the virus known to have occurred in the United States, we caution that our results only apply to the vector-borne aspect of the disease, and while the threat of a mosquito-carried Zika pandemic may be overstated in the media, other transmission modes of the virus may emerge and facilitate naturalization worldwide.
Prevention by the NMDA receptor antagonist, MK801 of neuronal loss produced by tetanus toxin in the rat hippocampus

1 The behavioural and neuropathological effects of tetanus toxin, microinjected directly into the hippocampus, were studied in rats. 2 A single dose (1000 minimum lethal doses, MLDs) of tetanus toxin, injected unilaterally into the hippocampus produced a time‐dependent neuronal loss in the CA1 pyramidal cell layer. In comparison with the contralateral, untreated side these effects became statistically significant (P > 0.05) 7 days (22.0 ± 1.1% reduction) and 10 days (29.2 ± 1.7% reduction) after the injection. No significant changes were observed 7 days after treatment with 500 MLDs whereas a reduction of 37.5 ± 3.1% in the CA1 area cell number was produced 4 days after the injection of 2000 MLDs. 3 Behavioural stimulatory effects were also induced by tetanus toxin (1000 MLDs) within 48 h of the injection and these culminated in generalized convulsions 5–7 days later. Convulsions were observed after a shorter period of latency in rats receiving 2000 MLDs tetanus toxin whereas 500 MLDs were ineffective. 4 No behavioural and neuropathological effects were observed in rats treated with neutralized tetanus toxin (1000 MLDs), bovine serum albumin or phosphate buffer. 5 Pretreatment with MK801 (0.3 mg kg−1, i.p., given 1 h before and after the injection with tetanus toxin and then once daily for 4 or 7 days) prevented the behavioural and neuropathological effects induced by tetanus toxin (1000–2000 MLDs). In addition, such treatment fully protected the animals from the lethal effects induced by 1000 MLDs tetanus toxin. By contrast, pretreatment with diazepam (3.0 mg kg−1, i.p.) using the same schedule as for MK801 did not antagonize the effects of tetanus toxin (1000–2000 MLDs). 6 In conclusion, the present experiments have demonstrated that the intrahippocampal injection of tetanus toxin produces in rats a dose‐ and time‐dependent behavioural stimulation and neuronal loss in the CA1 pyramidal cell layer which can be prevented by the non‐competitive NMDA antagonist, MK801.
Three tRNAs on the ribosome slow translation elongation

Significance The rate of protein synthesis along a messenger RNA is not uniform and can influence the folding of the nascent protein. Using multichannel single-molecule fluorescence microscopy, we simultaneously monitored compositions and conformations of prokaryotic translational complex over translating multiple codons. We show that the dissociation of deacylated tRNA is necessary for conformational changes prior to translocating to the next codon. The deacylated tRNA dissociation kinetics strongly depended on the identity of tRNA, the ionic strength of the solution, and the reaction temperature. These findings suggest that in addition to the tRNA association kinetics, tRNA dissociation kinetics can also alter the dynamics of protein synthesis and may be used as a sensor for different cellular conditions to regulate cotranslational processes. During protein synthesis, the ribosome simultaneously binds up to three different transfer RNA (tRNA) molecules. Among the three tRNA binding sites, the regulatory role of the exit (E) site, where deacylated tRNA spontaneously dissociates from the translational complex, has remained elusive. Here we use two donor–quencher pairs to observe and correlate both the conformation of ribosomes and tRNAs as well as tRNA occupancy. Our results reveal a partially rotated state of the ribosome wherein all three tRNA sites are occupied during translation elongation. The appearance and lifetime of this state depend on the E-site tRNA dissociation kinetics, which may vary among tRNA species and depends on temperature and ionic strength. The 3-tRNA partially rotated state is not a proper substrate for elongation factor G (EF-G), thus inhibiting translocation until the E-site tRNA dissociates. Our result presents two parallel kinetic pathways during translation elongation, underscoring the ability of E-site codons to modulate the dynamics of protein synthesis.
Performance evaluation of selection schemes for offloading traffic to IEEE 802.11 hotspots

Offloading data traffic to IEEE 802.11 hotspots is one of the key techniques with which mobile operators aim at dealing with the increasing traffic demand of their users in cellular networks. Usually, these offloads are simply conducted once an end-device has WLAN connectivity. This paper identifies gains if the decisions for accommodating certain traffic flows in WLAN consider the characteristics of this technology, i.e., the suitability of traffic being offloaded in terms of occupation of the channel and MAC overhead as result of contention, interference, and fluctuating channels. The contribution of this work is twofold: A performance evaluation compares the novel scheme with common received-signal-strength-based decisions as well as with simpler randomized choices for offloading particular traffic flows. Our scheme shows substantial improvements over a broad range of factors. Lastly, the results identify operational points of the WLAN cell allowing operators to dynamically choose the mix of the offloaded traffic according to their requirements.
Reevaluation of Drosophila melanogaster's neuronal circadian pacemakers reveals new neuronal classes

In the brain of the fly Drosophila melanogaster, ∼150 clock‐neurons are organized to synchronize and maintain behavioral rhythms, but the physiological and neurochemical bases of their interactions are largely unknown. Here we reevaluate the cellular properties of these pacemakers by application of a novel genetic reporter and several phenotypic markers. First, we describe an enhancer trap marker called R32 that specifically reveals several previously undescribed aspects of the fly's central neuronal pacemakers. We find evidence for a previously unappreciated class of neuronal pacemakers, the lateral posterior neurons (LPNs), and establish anatomical, molecular, and developmental criteria to establish a subclass within the dorsal neuron 1 (DN1) group of pacemakers. Furthermore, we show that the neuropeptide IPNamide is specifically expressed by this DN1 subclass. These observations implicate IPNamide as a second candidate circadian transmitter in the Drosophila brain. Finally, we present molecular and anatomical evidence for unrecognized phenotypic diversity within each of four established classes of clock neurons. J. Comp. Neurol. 498:180–193, 2006. © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
MAGNESIUM-LITHIUM ALLOYS. A REVIEW OF CURRENT DEVELOPMENTS

Abstract : A brief review is presented of progress in the development of Mg-Li-base alloys. By virtue of the Li, which has a specific gravity of 0.53, they have lower densities than any commercial Mg alloy. Li markedly improves the ductility and workability of magnesium. Since they have approximately the same modulus of elasticity as Mg alloys, about 6.5 million psi, the alloys have a high ratio of elastic modulus to weight, making possible rigid, light structures. No Mg-Li alloys are in commercial production. (Author)
Direct Optimization of Evaluation Measures in Learning to Rank

One of the central issues in learning to rank for Information Retrieval (IR) is to develop algorithms that construct ranking models by directly optimizing evaluation measures used in information retrieval, such as Mean Average Precision (MAP) and Normalized Discounted Cumulative Gain (NDCG). In this paper, we aim to conduct a comprehensive study on the approach of directly optimizing evaluation measures in learning to rank for IR. We focus on the methods that minimize loss functions upper bounding the basic loss function defined on the IR measures. We first provide a general framework for the study, which is based on upper bound analysis and two types of upper bounds are discussed. Moreover, we make theoretical analysis the two types of upper bounds and show that we can derive new algorithms on the basis of this analysis and present two new algorithms called AdaRank and PermuRank. We make comparisons between direct optimization methods of AdaRank, PermuRank, and SVM map , using benchmark datasets. We also compare them with conventional methods of Ranking SVM and RankBoost. Experimental results show that the methods based on direct optimization of ranking measures can always outperform these conventional methods. However, no significant difference exists among the performances of the direct optimization methods themselves.