Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Patent Clustering and Outlier Ranking Methodologies for Attributed Patent Citation Networks for Technology Opportunity Discovery

Effectively ranking patents in outlierness in a patent citation network is a crucial task for patent analysis, including as it relates to technological opportunity discovery (TOD). Previous studies in the area of TOD focus on patent textual data. In this paper, we introduce a new approach that addresses TOD via patent outlierness, leveraging both patent attributes and citations. We propose the following characteristics for patent outliers: 1) not highly clustered with other patents; 2) low node centrality within the citation network; and 3) low similarity to other patents in the network. Existing outlier ranking approaches have the drawback of not leveraging the unique characteristics of attributed patent citation networks. We propose new outlier ranking methods developed specifically for patents in attributed patent citation networks. Attribute data independently describe a patent, while citation network data relate patents to each other, thus capturing patent outlierness from two different aspects. The contributions of this paper are, given an attributed patent citation network: 1) patent clustering algorithm, and 2) method for scoring and ranking patents in outlierness. Developed methods are validated using artificial datasets. Proposed outlier ranking methods are evaluated using U.S. patents in the area of digital information and security.
Workers Are Working Harder: Effort and Shop-floor Relations in the 1980s.

There has been considerable debate as to whether levels of worker effort rose in Britain during the 1980s. Case-study evidence from four organizations suggests that effort levels did indeed increase. The extent to which workers were aware of this was, however, moderated by the limited extent of the change, by the fact that it was sometimes accompanied by other changes, and by the recruitment of new workers. Future research should investigate in more detail the components of effort, workers' view on why effort levels have changed, and managerial interpretations.
Spontaneous Acetylcholine Secretion from Developing Growth Cones of Drosophila Central Neurons in Culture: Effects of cAMP-Pathway Mutations

We describe a novel bioassay system that usesXenopus embryonic myocytes (myoballs) to detect the release of acetylcholine from Drosophila CNS neurons. When a voltage-clamped Xenopus myoball was manipulated into contact with cultured Drosophila “giant” neurons, spontaneous synaptic current-like events were registered. These events were observed within seconds after contact and were blocked by curare and α-bungarotoxin, but not by TTX and Cd2+, suggesting that they are caused by the spontaneous quantal release of acetylcholine (ACh). The secretion occurred not only at the growth cone, but also along the neurite and at the soma, with significantly different release parameters among various regions. The amplitude of these currents displayed a skewed distribution. These features are distinct from synaptic transmission at more mature synapses or autapses formed in this culture system and are reminiscent of the transmitter release process during early development in other preparations. The usefulness of this coculture system in studying presynaptic secretion mechanisms is illustrated by a series of studies on the cAMP pathway mutations, dunce(dnc) and PKA-RI, which disrupt a cAMP-specific phosphodiesterase and the regulatory subunit of cAMP-dependent protein kinase A, respectively. We found that these mutations affected the ACh current kinetics, but not the quantal ACh packet, and that the release frequency was greatly enhanced by repetitive neuronal activity in dnc, but not wild-type, growth cones. These results suggest that the cAMP pathway plays an important role in the activity-dependent regulation of transmitter release not only in mature synapses as previously shown, but also in developing nerve terminals before synaptogenesis.
Government Ownership, Corporate Governance and Tax Aggressiveness: Evidence from China

This study investigates how government ownership and corporate governance influence a firm's tax aggressiveness. Using Chinese listed companies during 2003–2009, we find that compared with government‐controlled firms, non‐government‐controlled firms pursue a more aggressive tax strategy. In particular, non‐government‐controlled firms with a higher percentage of the board shareholdings and with a CEO who also serves as the board chairman are more aggressive. For government‐controlled firms, we find that board shareholding has an impact on tax aggressiveness and it does not differ between local and central government‐controlled firms. However, local government‐controlled firms in less developed regions where the implementation of corporate governance measures is generally less effective are more tax aggressive than those in other regions.
Viremia During Parainfluenza Type 3 Virus Infection of Hamsters 1

Summary Parainfluenza Type 3 (Para 3) viremia has been demonstrated in hamsters by recovering virus from erythrocytes during pulmonary infection produced by the intranasal inoculation of virus. In attempts to isolate virus from blood, the plasma, erythrocytes and leukocytes were separated and cultured prior to freezing. Fetal bovine serum rather than calf serum was used in the tissue culture medium because the latter frequently contained Para 3 antibody. In addition, erythrocytes and leukocytes were allowed to remain in prolonged contact with tissue culture cells. The nonspecific CPE produced by plasma was avoided by washing tissue culture sheets 4 hr after the addition of plasma. The authors gratefully acknowledge the assistance of Dr. C. K. Y. Fong who examined tissue culture preparations in the electron microscope and Dr. G. D. Hsiung who provided valuable criticism during the preparation of the manuscript. The excellent technical assistance of Mrs. Barbara Meek and Mrs. Jeana Richo is appreciated.
Prospects for Economic Integration in Africa

Economic integration has been in the forefront of discussion in Africa since the massive movement towards independence in the late 1950's and early 60's. There was immediate recognition that, while independence had been the primary goal, African frontiers were largely an artificial by-product of the colonial scramble 60 to 70 years ago, that many African countries were too small to be economically viable, and that to transform political into economic independence necessarily required concerted action. Further impetus was given to thinking and discussion by the setting up of the Economic Commission for Africa in 1958 and of the Organisation of African Unity in 1963. Concepts, of course, varied, as the pre-history of the O.A. U. shows clearly. The radical Casablanca group stood for an all-African common market, to lead rapidly to an all-African government. The member states of the Union africaine et malgache had much more limited but also more precise objectives: especially continued close co-operation among the francophone countries, and association with the European Common Market, particularly France. There were other ideas and associations, often cutting across these two main groupings. Yet it is perhaps only recently that views are beginning to clarify and that the real difficulties involved are being realised, a condition precedent for progress in practice. Economic integration has to be seen as an ultimate goal, with a number of concrete intermediate steps involving ever-increasing economic cooperation among groups of countries.
Detection of Deoxyribonuclease I Along the Secretory Pathway in Paneth Cells of Human Small Intestine

The expression and distribution of deoxyribonuclease I (DNase I) in human duodenum, jejunum and ileum were examined by DNase I activity assay and the reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR), immunofluorescence, in situ hybridization, and immunocytochemical ultrastructural analyses. High levels of DNase I were detected in the cytoplasm of Paneth cells in human small intestine. A tissue homogenate fraction rich in Paneth cells showed strong DNase I-specific enzymatic activity. Immunofluorescence analysis using several specific anti-human DNase I antibodies showed very strong immunoreactivity in the cytoplasm of every Paneth cell. In situ hybridization demonstrated high levels of DNase I mRNA in Paneth cells. Immunogold electron microscopy revealed gold particles localized along the secretory pathway, with the exocrine secretory granules mostly labeled. Our findings strongly suggest that Paneth cells synthesize and secrete DNase I into the intestinal lumen.
Civic engagement in creating future cities

This paper describes how most global U.N. Conferences have failed to address the causes of the problems they are discussing -especially the inappropriate institutional framework where the imperatives of the “money world” take precedence over the living world of people and where control over productive resources is increasaingly wrested away from local people and communities (and governments) by large and generally unaccountable corporations. It also describes the routes to a more just and sustainable society, and how civic society must reclaim the power it is losing to the money world. This includes the ways in which the United Nations Habitat II Conference can and should align itself with this process.
Health policy responses to the financial crisis in Europe

The global financial crisis that began in 2007 can be classified as a health system shock – that is, an unexpected occurrence originating outside the health system that has a large negative effect on the availability of health system resources or a large positive effect on the demand for health services. Economic shocks present policy-makers with three main challenges: • Health systems require predictable sources of revenue with which to plan investment, determine budgets and purchase goods and services. Sudden interruptions to public revenue streams can make it difficult to maintain necessary levels of health care. • Cuts to public spending on health made in response to an economic shock typically come at a time when health systems may require more, not fewer, resources – for example, to address the adverse health effects of unemployment. • Arbitrary cuts to essential services may further destabilize the health system if they erode financial protection, equitable access to care and the quality of care provided, increasing health and other costs in the longer term. In addition to introducing new inefficiencies, cuts across the board are unlikely to address existing inefficiencies, potentially exacerbating the fiscal constraint. In 2009, WHO’s Regional Committee for Europe adopted a resolution (EUR/RC59/R3) urging Member States to ensure that their health systems would continue to protect and promote universal access to effective health services during a time of economic crisis. To date, there has been no systematic crosscountry analysis of health policy responses to the financial crisis in Europe, although some overviews of health system responses to the crisis have been published. This policy summary aims to address a gap in the literature by presenting a framework for analysing health policy responses to economic shocks; summarizing the results of a survey of health policy responses to the financial crisis in the European Region’s 53 Member States; and discussing the potential effects of these responses on health system performance.
Stabilization and transition in Czechoslovakia

The paper presents an analysis of the Czechoslovak stabilization and transformation policies through the first quarter of 1992. It documents the success of the government in (a) extinguishing the inflationary pressures brought about by the sudden liberalization of about 85% of all prices in January 1991 and (b) stimulating rapid development of the small-scale private sector. The paper also analyzes the causes and extent of the 1990-92 recession, which turned out to be more severe than was officially expected. The analysis concludes by pointing out that the impressive stabilization exercise has thus far been accompanied by only limited enterprise restructuring. The success of the transition hence depends very much on the outcome of the massive privatization of large enterprises.
The information content of implied volatilities of options on eurodeposit futures traded on the LIFFE: is there long memory?

Under rather general conditions Black - Scholes implied volatilities from at-the-money options appropriately quantify, in each period, the market expectations of the average volatility of the return of the underlying asset until contract expiration. The efficiency of these expectation estimates is investigated here, for options on two major short term interest rate futures contracts traded at the LIFFE, using a long memory framework. Over the 1993 – 1997 time interval the performance of implied volatilities is not homogeneous across contracts. Information content and predictive power tests consistently suggest that implied volatility from Short Sterling contracts is more accurate as a future volatility predictor than implied volatility from 3 Month Euromark contracts. The analysis of the efficiency of the transmission of news over time and between contracts provides analogous results. Underreaction of long term volatility to changes in short term volatility is more relevant for the German interest rate contract than for the British one and Short Sterling implied volatility changes do “Granger cause” 3 Month Euromark implied volatility changes pointing to a contagion – like interlinkage. Even in a sophisticated international financial market like the LIFFE implied volatilities have a country specific pattern as traders seem to be more proficient in predicting domestic interest rate volatility. A possible interpretation is that a (foreign) country risk premium introduces a bias in the Black – Scholes implied volatility estimates. Whether this result is general or is instead restricted to the time period and/or to the contracts under investigation provides the scope for future research.
Simian virus 40 large-T antigen expresses a biological activity complementary to the p300-associated transforming function of the adenovirus E1A gene products

In this report we present evidence that simian virus 40 T antigen encodes a biological activity that is functionally equivalent to the transforming activity lost by deletion of the E1A p300-binding region. T-antigen constructs from which the pRb-binding region has been deleted are virtually unable to induce foci of transformed cells in a ras cooperation assay in primary baby rat kidney cells. Nevertheless, such a construct can cooperate with an E1A N-terminal deletion mutant, itself devoid of transforming activity, to induce foci in this assay. The heterologous trans-cooperating activity observed between E1A and T-antigen deletion products is as efficient as trans cooperation between mutants expressing individual E1A domains. The cooperating function can be impaired by a deletion near the N terminus of T antigen. Such a deletion impairs neither the p53-binding function nor the activity of the pRb-binding region.
Need for Closure and Youths' Leisure Time Preferences

The Need for Closure is an individual characteristic which may help explain individual differences in engagement in leisure activities. Both a leisure engagement inventory and a validated Dutch version of the Need for Closure Scale were administered to a convenient sample of 1,035 young adults ages 15 to 24 years of whom 552 were female. Leisure engagement was hypothesized to differ for groups differing in Need for Closure. More specifically, youngsters who score high (versus low) on Need for Closure engaged more in structured, cognitively effortless, and predictable leisure activities like shopping for fun and going to the cinema, while young adults scoring low (versus high) on Need for Closure more often participated in unstructured, unpredictable, cognitively effortful or challenging leisure activities like going to a party, a pub, or a pop concert, idly lazing away, visiting or hosting friends, attending an evening class and playing computer games.
The Difference in Recognition of Terminal Tripeptides as Peroxisomal Targeting Signal 1 between Yeast and Human Is Due to Different Affinities of Their Receptor Pex5p to the Cognate Signal and to Residues Adjacent to It*

Pex5p is the receptor for the peroxisomal targeting signal 1 (PTS1) that consists of a C-terminal tripeptide (consensus (S/A/C)(K/R/H)(L/M)). Hexadecapeptides recognized by Pex5p from Homo sapiens and Saccharomyces cerevisiaewere identified by screening a two-hybrid peptide library, and the targeting ability of the peptides was demonstrated using the green fluorescent protein as reporter. The PTS1 receptors recognized in a species-specific manner a broad range of C-terminal tripeptides, and these are reported herein. In addition, residues upstream of the tripeptide influenced the strength of the interaction in the two-hybrid system as well as in an in vitro competition assay. In peptides interacting with the human protein, hydrophobic residues were found with high frequency especially at positions −2 and −5, whereas peptides interacting with S. cerevisiae Pex5p were more hydrophilic and frequently contained arginine at position −2. In instances where the terminal tripeptide deviated from the consensus, upstream residues exerted a greater influence on the ability of the hexadecapeptides to bind Pex5p.
Volunteering as Leisure/Leisure as Volunteering: An International Assessment

Volunteering as Heritage, Volunteering in Heritage Adopting Sustainable Ethics: Voluntary Practice amongst Event Organizers Paths to Volunteer Commitment: Lessons from the Sydney Olympic Games Understanding parks and recreation volunteers Defining field characteristics of museums and art museums: An Australian Perspective Volunteering in the Canadian context: Identity, civic participation, and the politics of participation in serious leisure Managing Volunteers in Different Settings: Membership and Program Management Pressures on Volunteers in the U.K. Examining best practice in volunteer tourism Fostering Human Resources in the Leisure Field: Serious Leisure and the Potential Role of Volunteers, a Proposal for Developing Countries Leisure Volunteering: Future Research and Policy
Reliable data transfer using overhearing for implicit ACK

Many applications in Wireless Sensor Networks require collecting all data without loss from nodes. End-to-End data retransmission, which is used in the Internet for reliable transport, becomes very inefficient in Wireless Sensor Networks, since wireless communication, and constrained resources pose new challenges. We look at factors affecting reliability, and search for efficient combinations of the possible options. This paper proposes an efficient Overhearing based reliable transfer protocol in Wireless Sensor Networks by calculate Reliability and using implicit Acknowledgement. Finally, it is clarified that the proposed scheme is efficient for reliable data transfer in WSN.
Harmonic minimum mean squared error filters for multichannel speech enhancement

Many state-of-the-art multichannel speech enhancement methods rely on second-order statistics of the desired speech signal, the noise signal, or both. Estimation of those are difficult in practice, resulting in a practical performance that is typically much lower than their potential theoretical performance. We propose two multichannel enhancement techniques that instead rely on a model for voiced speech. That is, the proposed methods are driven by the signals' fundamental frequencies, which may be accurately estimated even in noisy scenarios. The first method is designed independently of the microphone array geometry and source position, whereas these are utilized in the second approach. Thereby, we can investigate when to exploit such information in the case of localization errors and violations of the spatial assumptions. Numerical results show that the proposed method is able to outperform competing methods in terms of both output SNRs and PESQ scores.
Evaluation of FASTPlaqueTB to diagnose smear-negative tuberculosis in a peripheral clinic in Kenya.

OBJECTIVE To evaluate the performance and feasibility of FASTPlaqueTB in smear-negative tuberculosis (TB) suspects in a peripheral clinic after laboratory upgrading. DESIGN Patients with cough > or=2 weeks, two sputum smear-negative results, no response to 1 week of amoxicillin and abnormal chest X-ray were defined as smear-negative suspects. One sputum sample was collected, decontaminated and divided into two: half was tested with FASTPlaqueTB in the clinic laboratory and the other half was cultured on Löwenstein-Jensen medium in the Kenyan Medical Research Institute. Test sensitivity and specificity were evaluated in all patients and in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infected patients. Feasibility was assessed by the contamination rate and the resources required to upgrade the laboratory. RESULTS Of 208 patients included in the study, 56.2% were HIV-infected. Of 203 FASTPlaqueTB tests, 95 (46.8%) were contaminated, which interfered with result interpretation and led to the interruption of the study. Sensitivity and specificity were respectively 31.2% (95%CI 12.1-58.5) and 94.9% (95%CI 86.8-98.4) in all patients and 33.3% (95%CI 9.9-65.1) and 93.9% (95%CI 83.1-98.7) in HIV-infected patients. Upgrading the laboratory cost euro 20,000. CONCLUSION FASTPlaqueTB did not perform satisfactorily in this setting. If contamination can be reduced, in addition to laboratory upgrading, its introduction in peripheral clinics would require further assessment in smear-negative and HIV co-infected patients and test adaptation for friendlier use.
Intranational and International Knowledge Flows: Effects on the Formal and Informal Sectors

type="main" xml:id="coep12112-abs-0001"> This article studies the effects of international and intranational knowledge flows. Contributions include comparing the effects of knowledge flows on the formal and informal sectors and determining multilateral spatial spillovers of innovation. Results show that formal entrepreneurs respect intranational intellectual property rights, but benefit from international spillovers, especially from patents granted. In contrast, informal entrepreneurs somewhat respect intranational patents granted, but not patent applications and citations. International spillovers to the informal sector are mainly from patents granted. Spillover magnitudes are greater internationally than intranationally, and greater in the informal sector than the formal sector (except for trademarks). (JEL O33, L26, K42)
Improving Academic Event Recommendation Using Research Similarity and Interaction Strength Between Authors

ABSTRACT The scientific community is growing very quickly. Every year a huge number of academic events (conferences, workshops, symposiums, etc.) are organized over the world. Therefore, it is difficult for researchers to find related information about the events in which they may be interested. In this study, we present an improvement to existing academic event recommendation methods by taking into account research similarity and interaction strength between authors. By means of experimental analysis on data from the DBLP Computer Science Bibliography and Wiki Calls for Papers (WikiCFP), we will show that the proposed method improves the accuracy of the recommendations in comparison with other methods.