Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Performance measures for coupled digital phase-locked loops for the separation of cochannel signals

Coupled digital phase-locked loops (CDPLLs), derived from extended Kalman filter theory, have been shown to suppress adjacent and co-channel interferers. This paper addresses the ability of these CDPLLs to separate co-channel signals. State observability criteria are defined and examined for non-linear state observations which model phase modulation. These metrics can then be used to address signal separation and tracking behavior of CDPLLs.
Oral and Subcutaneous Immunization with a Plant-Produced Mouse-Specific Zona Pellucida 3 Peptide Presented on Hepatitis B Core Antigen Virus-like Particles

A short mouse-specific peptide from zona pellucida 3 (mZP3, amino acids 328–342) has been shown to be associated with antibody-mediated contraception. In this study, we investigated the production of mZP3 in the plant, as an orally applicable host, and examined the immunogenicity of this small peptide in the BALB/c mouse model. The mZP3 peptide was inserted into the major immunodominant region of the hepatitis B core antigen and was produced in Nicotiana benthamiana plants via Agrobacterium-mediated transient expression. Soluble HBcAg-mZP3 accumulated at levels up to 2.63 mg/g leaf dry weight (LDW) containing ~172 µg/mg LDW mZP3 peptide. Sucrose gradient analysis and electron microscopy indicated the assembly of the HBcAg-mZP3 virus-like particles (VLPs) in the soluble protein fraction. Subcutaneously administered mZP3 peptide displayed on HBcAg VLPs was immunogenic in BALB/c mice at a relatively low dosage (5.5 µg mZP3 per dose) and led to the generation of mZP3-specific antibodies that bound to the native zona pellucida of wild mice. Oral delivery of dried leaves expressing HBcAg-mZP3 also elicited mZP3-specific serum IgG and mucosal IgA that cross-reacted with the zona pellucida of wild mice. According to these results, it is worthwhile to investigate the efficiency of plants producing HBcAg-mZP3 VLPs as immunogenic edible baits in reducing the fertility of wild mice through inducing antibodies that cross-react to the zona pellucida.
A robust backward search method based on walk‐through for point location on a 3D surface mesh

Point location is one of the most basic searching problems in computational geometry. It has been largely studied on the aspect of query time in the worst case, and many methods have been proposed, such as counter clockwise wise search and barycentric coordinates search. However, most of them aim at the convex field. For a non‐convex problem, such as a concave field or a convex field with holes, these searching schemes may fail. The numerical experience shows that, even for a convex problem, the searching path may lead to an infinite loop for some special case and may not find the element containing the query point. In this paper, a robust backward search method based on Walk‐through algorithm is proposed to deal with the searching problems in non‐convex fields and to avoid the problems of infinite loop. Another important improvement is to locate the query point on a 3D surface mesh. Several examples demonstrate that the present method is efficient and robust for the workpieces of complex geometry. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Lowering the threshold SNR of singular value decomposition based methods

The author examines the performance of singular value decomposition (SVD) based methods for estimating the frequencies of multiple sinusoids. The concept of angle between subspaces is used to derive a criterion for determining when SVD-based procedures fail. The signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) at which a method breaks down is termed the threshold SNR of the method. It is shown that existing SVD based methods have a higher threshold SNR than predicted by this criterion. A method that utilizes the singular vectors and directly minimizes the angle between subspaces is developed. The method is shown to have better performance at low SNRs. The procedure lowers the threshold SNR thereby extending the range of SNR for which SVD can be used. <<ETX>>
Seismic rays in an ellipsoidal earth model: theoretical analysis and estimation of deviations due to the ellipticity.

Summary. A first-order form of the Euler’s equations for rays in an ellipsoidal model of the Earth is obtained. The conditions affecting the velocity law for a monotonic increase, with respect to the arc length, in the angular distance to the epicentre, and in the angle of incidence, are the same in the ellipsoidal and spherical models. It is therefore possible to trace rays and to compute travel times directly in an ellipsoidal earth as in the spherical model. Thus comparison with the rays of the same coordinates in a spherical earth provides an estimate of the various deviations of these rays due to the Earth’s flattening, and the corresponding travel-time differences, for mantle P-waves and for shallow earthquakes. All these deviations are functions both of the latitude and of the epicentral distance. The difference in the distance to the Earth’s centre at points with the same geocentric latitude on rays in the ellipsoidal and in the spherical model may reach several kilometres. Directly related to the deformation of the isovelocity surfaces, this difference is the only cause of significant perturbation in travel times. Other differences, such as that corresponding to the ray torsion, are of the first order in ellipticity, and may exceed 1 km. They induce only small differences in travel time, less than 0.01 s. Thus, we show that the ellipticity correction obtained by Jeffreys (1935) and Bullen (1937) by a perturbational method can be recovered by a direct evaluation of the travel times in an ellipsoidal model of the Earth. Moreover, as stated by Dziewonski & Gilbert (1976), we verify the nondependence of this correction on the choice of the velocity law.
SURVEY OF THERMAL, RADIATION, AND VISCOUS DAMPING OF PULSATING AIR BUBBLES IN WATER

A theoretical discussion is presented on the fundamental processes by which pulsating gas bubbles in liquids dissipate their energy. The survey is limited to the case where the amplitude of the volume pulsations are assumed to be sufficiently small that the pulsations may be described by linear equations. A portion of the energy of the bubble system is lost by the radiation of spherical sound waves, a part is lost by heat conduction due to the polytropic compressions and expansions of the enclosed gas, and a portion is lost by viscous dissipation attributed to viscous forces acting at the gas‐liquid interface. A survey is made of the procedures for measuring the resonant damping constant as described in the methods of successive oscillations, width of the resonance response, standing‐wave ratios, and resonance absorption. Experimental results verify that the damping at resonance is due to thermal and radiation, and possibly viscous damping.
The generation of streaks and hairpin vortices from a localized vortex disturbance embedded in unbounded uniform shear flow

The similarity of the coherent structures (streaks and hairpin vortices) naturally occurring in different fully developed bounded turbulent shear flows as well as in transitional flows suggests the existence of a basic mechanism responsible for the formation of these structures, under various base flow conditions. The common elements for all such flows are the shear of the base flow and the presence of a localized vortical disturbance. The objective of the present numerical study is to examine the capability of a simple model of interaction, between a localized vortical disturbance and laminar uniform unbounded shear flow, to reproduce the generation mechanism and characteristics of the coherent structures that naturally occur in turbulent bounded shear flows. The effects of the disturbance ‘localized character’ in the stream-wise and spanwise directions as well as its initial orientation relative to the base flow are investigated by using several geometries of the initial disturbance. The results demonstrate that a small-amplitude initial disturbance (linear case) eventually evolves into a streaky structure independent of its initial geometry and orientation, whereas, a large-amplitude disturbance (strongly nonlinear case) evolves into a hairpin vortex (or a packet of hairpin vortices) independent of its geometry over a wide range of the initial disturbance orientations. The main nonlinear effects are: (i) self-induced motion, which results in the movement of the vortical structure relative to the base flow and the destruction of its streamwise symmetry, and (ii) the alignment of the vortical structure with the vorticity lines. This is unlike the linear case, where there is a strong deviation of the vorticity vector from the direction of the vortical structure. Qualitatively, the disturbance evolution is sufficiently independent of its initial geometry, whereas the associated quantitative characteristics, i.e. inclination angle, centre and strength (which is governed by the transient growth mechanism), strongly depend on the disturbance geometry. The Reynolds number is found to have a negligible effect on the kinematics of the vortical structure, but does have a significant effect on its transient growth. Finally, the formation of the asymmetric hairpin vortex, due to minor spanwise asymmetries of the initial disturbance, is demonstrated.
Line integrals for the computation of global parameters from 2D eddy current numerical computations

The authors consider the computation of global parameters such as forces, torques, and power dissipation from numerical models based on the computation of the vector potential for 2-D (plane or axisymmetric) eddy current problems including linear or nonlinear magnetic materials. The numerical method is a coupling between the finite element and the boundary element methods. It provides a precise value of potential and tangential field on the boundary of the subdomains. The values of normal induction and of tangential electric field on the boundary are accurately computed from the values of the vector potential on the boundary and terminal voltage. All these quantities allow the efficient computation of global parameters as line integrals on the boundary of 2-D domains. The forces and torques are computed using the Maxwell stress tensor. The power dissipation is obtained using the Poynting theorem. >
Electrically driven jets

Fine jets of slightly conducting viscous fluids and thicker jets or drops of less viscous ones can be drawn from conducting tubes by electric forces. As the potential of the tube relative to a neighbouring plate rises, viscous fluids become nearly conical and fine jets come from the vertices. The potentials at which these jets or drops first appear was measured and compared with calculations. The stability of viscous jets depends on the geometry of the electrodes. Jets as small as 20 μm in diameter and 5 cm long were produced which were quite steady up to a millimetre from their ends. Attempts to describe them mathematically failed. Their stability seems to be due to mechanical rather than electrical causes, like that of a stretched string, which is straight when pulled but bent when pushed. Experiments on the stability of water jets in a parallel electric field reveal two critical fields, one at which jets that are breaking into drops become steady and another at which these steady jets become unsteady again, without breaking into drops. Experiments are described in which a cylindrical soap film becomes unstable under a radial electric field. The results are compared with calculations by A. B. Basset and after a mistake in his analysis is corrected, agreement is found over the range where experiments are possible. Basset’s calculations for axisymmetrical disturbances are extended to those in which the jet moves laterally. Though this is the form in which the instability appears, calculations about uniform jets do not seem to be relevant. In an appendix M. D. Van Dyke calculates the attraction between a long cylinder and a perpendicular plate at a different potential.
A roadmap to high quality chemically prepared graphene

Graphene was discovered half a decade ago and proved the existence of a two-dimensional system which becomes stable as a result of 3D corrugation. It appeared very quickly that this exceptional material had truly outstanding electronic, mechanical, thermal and optical properties. Consequently a broad range of applications appeared, as the graphene science speedily moved forward. Since then, a lot of effort has been devoted not only to the study of graphene but also to its fabrication. Here we review the chemical approaches to graphene production, their advantages as well as their downsides. Our aim is to draw a roadmap of today's most reliable path to high quality graphene via chemical preparation.
Identification of Wnt/β-Catenin- and Autophagy-Related lncRNA Signature for Predicting Immune Efficacy in Pancreatic Adenocarcinoma

Simple Summary Pancreatic adenocarcinoma (PAAD) is a devastating malignant tumor with a dismal prognosis. How to evaluate the prognosis efficiently is urgently needed for PAAD patients. Both activated autophagy and Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway were reported to show significant relevancy with PAAD. This study aimed to identify the potential prognosis factor based on autophagy and Wnt/β-catenin related genes in PAAD. We identified 45 prognostic genes significantly associated with the overall survival of PAAD patients. Then a prognosis model was constructed according to six warlncRNAs (LINC01347, CASC8, C8orf31, LINC00612, UCA1, and GUSBP11). In conclusion, our results provide a basis for the pathogenesis of PAAD, including the cross-talk between autophagy and the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway, and reveal a prognostic indicator with the potential of the efficacy of prognosis and immunotherapeutic responses in PAAD patients. Abstract Pancreatic cancer is one of the tumors with a poor prognosis. Therefore, it is significant and urgent to explore effective biomarkers for risk stratification and prognosis prediction to promote individualized treatment and prolong the survival of patients with PAAD. In this study, we identified Wnt/β-catenin- and autophagy-related long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) and demonstrated their role in predicting immune efficacy for PAAD patients. The univariate and multivariate Cox proportional hazards analyses were used to construct a prognostic risk model based on six autophagy- and Wnt/β-catenin-related lncRNAs (warlncRNAs): LINC01347, CASC8, C8orf31, LINC00612, UCA1, and GUSBP11. The high-risk patients were significantly associated with poor overall survival (OS). The receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis was used to assess the predictive accuracy of the prognostic risk model. The prediction efficiency was supported by the results of an independent validation cohort. Subsequently, a prognostic nomogram combining warlncRNAs with clinical indicators was constructed and showed a good predictive efficiency for survival risk stratification. Furthermore, functional enrichment analysis demonstrated that the signature according to warlncRNAs is closely linked to malignancy-associated immunoregulatory pathways. Correlation analysis uncovered that warlncRNAs’ signature was considerably associated with immunocyte infiltration, immune efficacy, tumor microenvironment score, and drug resistance.
Radiomics analysis for predicting malignant cerebral edema in patients undergoing endovascular treatment for acute ischemic stroke

PURPOSE Radiomics analysis is a promising image analysis technique. This study aims to extract a radiomics signature from baseline computed tomography (CT) to predict malignant cerebral edema (MCE) in patients with acute anterior circulation infarction after endovascular treatment (EVT). METHODS In this retrospective study, 111 patients underwent EVT for acute ischemic stroke caused by middle cerebral artery (MCA) and/or internal carotid artery occlusion. The participants were randomly divided into two datasets: the training set (n = 77) and the test set (n = 34). The clinico-radiological profiles of all patients were collected, including cranial non-contrast-enhanced CT, CT angiography, and CT perfusion. The MCA territory on non-contrast-enhanced CT images was segmented, and the radiomics features associated with MCE were analyzed. The clinico-radiological parameters related to MCE were also identified. In addition, a routine visual radiological model based on radiological factors and a combined model comprising radiomics features and clinico-radiological factors were constructed to predict MCE. RESULTS The areas under the curve (AUCs) of the radiomics signature for predicting MCE were 0.870 (P < 0.001) and 0.837 (P = 0.002) in the training and test sets, respectively. The AUCs of the routine visual radiological model were 0.808 (P < 0.001) and 0.813 (P = 0.005) in the training and test sets, respectively. The AUCs of the model combining the radiomics signature and clinico-radiological factors were 0.924 (P < 0.001) and 0.879 (P = 0.001) in the training and test sets, respectively. CONCLUSION A CT image-based radiomics signature is a promising tool for predicting MCE in patients with acute anterior circulation infarction after EVT. For clinicians, it may assist in diagnostic decision-making.
A Gibbs sampler for conductivity imaging and other inverse problems

Gibbs samplers have many desirable theoretical properties, but also have the pesky requirement that conditional distributions be available. We show how conditional densities can be evaluated for the posterior distribution in conductivity imaging - virtually for free in coordinate directions and very cheaply in other ‘special’ directions. The analysis actually applies to a broad class of non-invasive imaging techniques that utilize strong scattering of energy, and leads to efficient iterative algorithms whether implementing inference or optimization. The resulting Gibbs sampler draws an independent conductivity image in only a little more compute time than required for optimization.
BRG1 HSA domain interactions with BCL7 proteins are critical for remodeling and gene expression

Interactions between the BRG1 HSA domain and the B-cell CLL/lymphoma 7 proteins facilitate BRG1-mediated chromatin remodeling and induce changes in the gene expression of essential biological pathways. The SWI/SNF complex remodels chromatin in an ATP-dependent manner through the subunits BRG1 and BRM. Chromatin remodeling alters nucleosome structure to change gene expression; however, aberrant remodeling can result in cancer. We identified BCL7 proteins as critical SWI/SNF members that drive BRG1-dependent gene expression changes. BCL7s have been implicated in B-cell lymphoma, but characterization of their functional role within the SWI/SNF complex has been limited. This study implicates their function alongside BRG1 to drive large-scale changes in gene expression. Mechanistically, the BCL7 proteins bind to the HSA domain of BRG1 and require this domain for binding to chromatin. BRG1 proteins without the HSA domain fail to interact with the BCL7 proteins and have severely reduced chromatin remodeling activity. These results link the HSA domain and the formation of a functional SWI/SNF remodeling complex through the interaction with BCL7 proteins. These data highlight the importance of correct formation of the SWI/SNF complex to drive critical biological functions, as losses of individual accessory members or protein domains can cause loss of complex function.
Transcriptomic and Metabolomic Studies Reveal That Toll-like Receptor 2 Has a Role in Glucose-Related Metabolism in Unchallenged Zebrafish Larvae (Danio rerio)

Simple Summary Toll-like receptor 2 (TLR2) has been demonstrated to participate in the progression of some metabolic disorders due to its role as a pro-inflammatory trigger. However, whether TLR2 plays a role in mediating metabolism under an unchallenged condition is still unknown. Therefore, we utilized zebrafish larvae as an in vivo model to investigate the metabolic control functions of TLR2 through transcriptomic and metabolomic approaches at a whole-organism level. We found that the concentration of glucose, lactate, succinate, and malate is higher in a tlr2 mutant which is associated with lower expression of genes involved in the glycolysis and gluconeogenesis pathways. These results demonstrate that tlr2 plays a role in controlling glucose metabolism homeostasis. Abstract Toll-like receptors (TLRs) have been implicated in the regulation of various metabolism pathways, in addition to their function in innate immunity. Here, we investigate the metabolic function of TLR2 in a larval zebrafish system. We studied larvae from a tlr2 mutant and the wild type sibling controls in an unchallenged normal developmental condition using transcriptomic and metabolomic analyses methods. RNAseq was used to evaluate transcriptomic differences between the tlr2 mutant and wild-type control zebrafish larvae and found a signature set of 149 genes to be significantly altered in gene expression. The expression level of several genes was confirmed by qPCR analyses. Gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA) revealed differential enrichment of genes between the two genotypes related to valine, leucine, and isoleucine degradation and glycolysis and gluconeogenesis. Using 1H nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) metabolomics, we found that glucose and various metabolites related with glucose metabolism were present at higher levels in the tlr2 mutant. Furthermore, we confirmed that the glucose level is higher in tlr2 mutants by using a fluorometric assay. Therefore, we have shown that TLR2, in addition to its function in immunity, has a function in controlling metabolism during vertebrate development. The functions are associated with transcriptional regulation of various enzymes involved in glucose metabolism that could explain the different levels of glucose, lactate, succinate, and malate in larvae of a tlr2 mutant.
Survey on artificial intelligence-based human action recognition in video sequences

Abstract. In the artificial intelligence domain, human action recognition (HAR) has evolved as one of the major active research topics as a reason of diverse applications, namely video surveillance. The extensive variation types amidst routine human activities make the recognition procedure much more intricate. As a reason for an increment in the cameras’ usage, automated systems are essential to categorize activities, such as these utilizing computationally intelligent methodologies, namely machine learning and deep learning (DL). This paper’s organization covers all the characteristics of the HAR’s general framework. This work talks about the public dataset’s characteristics utilized that are aimed at HAR. After that, it summarizes and classifies the recently published research enhancement under the common framework. The merits and demerits of dimensionality reduction, action representation, and as well as action analysis methodologies are offered. After that, the outcomes exhibit the DL methodologies’ performance via graphs. This article gives a clear vision of what we can explore in the activity recognition area. The work talks about HAR’s challenges and its future directions.