Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Cell migration in the rat embryonic neocortex

Three‐dimensional reconstructions of the normal rat embryonic (E) neocortex on days E15, E17, E19, and E21, using Skandha (software designed by J. Prothero, University of Washington, Seattle), show that the neocortical ventricular zone shrinks rapidly in the medial direction during cortical morphogenesis. [3H]thymidine autoradiography indicates that the shrinkage of the ventricular zone occurs before neurons in lateral and ventrolateral parts of layers IV‐II are generated. Consequently, most of these neurons originate 400–1000 μm medial to their settling sites in the cortical plate. Embryos killed at daily intervals up to E21 after a single injection of [3H]thymidine on either E17 or E18 revealed the presence of a prominent migratory path, the lateral cortical stream, used by neurons migrating to the lateral and ventrolateral cortical plate; neurons migrating to the dorsal cortical plate follow a direct radial path. Arrival times of neurons in the cortical plate depend on the migratory path and are proportional to the overall distance travelled. Neurons that migrate only radially arrive in the dorsal cortical plate in two days (shortest route). Neurons that migrate laterally arrive in the lateral cortical plate in 3 days (longer route) and in the ventrolateral cortical plate in 4 days (longest route). [3H]thymidine autoradiography also shows that cells generated in the neocortical ventricular zone migrate in the lateral cortical stream for 5 or more days and accumulate in a reservoir. Cells leave the reservoir to enter the piriform cortex and destinations (as yet undetermined) in the basal telencephalon. The lateral cortical stream is found wherever the neocortical primordium surrounds the basal ganglia and is absent behind the basal ganglia, A computer analysis of nuclear orientation in anterior and posterior parts of the intermediate zone in the dorsal neocortex between days E17 and E22 shows that horizontally oriented nuclei are more common anteriorly where many cells are migrating laterally than posteriorly where most cells are migrating radially.
Adherencia y resultados. Un análisis de componentes estratégicos en salud mental escolar

La adherencia es una de las variables más estudiadas de la fidelidad de la implementación en salud mental escolar, pero son pocos los estudios que la abordan considerando los componentes estratégicos de intervención. Objetivo. El propósito de esta investigación fue indagar si los patrones de adherencia a componentes estratégicos influyen sobre los resultados del programa chileno Habilidades para la Vida. Metodología. Se tomaron datos de 110 comunas del país. Se aplicó el Cuestionario de Evaluación de la Calidad de Programas de Salud Mental Escolar a coordinadores de equipos de implementación y se creó un índice comunal de mejoramiento socioemocional basado en las respuestas de padres y profesores a la encuesta de evaluación anual del programa. Resultados. Se identificaron 19 componentes que se asocian a estrategias de intervención, diseño y evaluación, trabajo colaborativo y aprendizaje del modelo del Programa. Con estos se calcularon modelos de clases latentes, encontrando dos patrones de adherencia. A través de un ANOVA se evidenció que los equipos que desarrollan un patrón adherente obtienen resultados significativamente mayores que los que desarrollan un patrón no adherente. Discusión. Se concluye que los resultados del programa son mejores cuando los equipos son adherentes a ciertos componentes estratégicos definidos como esenciales. Se discuten las implicancias prácticas de este hallazgo.
Social Enterprise in the United Kingdom: Models and Trajectories

This paper begins by describing (in part A) the UK concept of social enterprise and how it is operationalised (section A.1); this is followed by an overview of the challenges of estimating the population of social enterprise in the UK, despite or because of different government-sponsored surveys (section A.2); this first part concludes with a review of the evolution of policy discourse for social enterprise (section A.3). The second part of the paper goes on to describe (sections B.1 to B.4) the different models that have evolved from different origins in the UK (with the main emphasis being on experience in England); in order to contextualise an understanding of these models, it describes three fields (section B.5)—work integration, community development, and public services; these illustrate the fluidity of models in the UK, where typically different models may be found within each field. Finally, Part C describes at a general level the relevant institutional frameworks and trajectories of the main social enterprise models.
Pronounced Reduction of Digit Motor Responses Evoked from Macaque Ventral Premotor Cortex after Reversible Inactivation of the Primary Motor Cortex Hand Area

In common with other secondary motor areas, the macaque ventral premotor cortex (PMv) gives rise to corticospinal projections; it also makes numerous reciprocal corticocortical connections with the primary motor cortex (M1). Repetitive intracortical microstimulation (rICMS) of the PMv gives rise to movements of the hand and digits. To investigate whether these motor effects are dependent on the corticocortical interactions with M1, the effect of reversible inactivation of the M1 hand area was tested in three macaque monkeys with chronically implanted intracortical electrodes in the hand representations of M1 and PMv (rostral division, area F5). Monkeys were lightly sedated. Test EMG responses to rICMS were recorded from intrinsic hand muscles before and after microinjection of the GABA agonist muscimol in the M1 hand area. This not only greatly reduced EMG responses evoked from M1, but also reduced or abolished responses from F5, over a similar time course (20–50 min). Muscimol in M1 reduced the level of background EMG activity in the contralateral hand, which was paretic for several hours after injection. However, because EMG responses to direct activation of the corticospinal tract were significantly less affected than the responses to F5 stimulation, it is unlikely that reduced motoneuronal excitability explained the loss of the evoked responses from F5. Finally, muscimol injections in M1 greatly reduced the corticospinal volleys evoked by rICMS in F5. The results suggest that the motor effects evoked from F5 depend, at least in part, on corticocortical interactions with M1, leading to activation of M1 corticospinal outputs to hand muscles.
Design of Compact Multiband EBG and Effect on Antenna Performance

This paper presents the design of Electromagnetic Bandgap (EBG) structure using fractals geometry and its effect on antenna performance. The EBG structure has been designed on substrate єr = 4.3 and thickness h = 1.53 mm. The 1 st iterative EBG structure offers the surface wave attenuation around 20 dB down from 2.94 GHz to 4.58 GHz corresponds to 43.62% bandwidth. The experimental results of 2 nd iterative EBG structure revealed the surface wave attenuation in two bands from 2.45 to 3.36GHz and 8.52 to 11.02 GHz respectively. The surface wave suppression bandwidth for both the bands is 31.325% and 25.59 % respectively. The antenna design with the proposed EBG exhibits improvement in the bandwidth by 3.64%, gain by 3.2 dB and front to back ratio by 15.36 dB in comparison of antenna without EBG. In this paper, an electromagnetic band gap structure design based on fractal geometry is proposed. The proposed design offers the multiple bands and wider bandwidth attenuation in the stopband. This design based on fractal geometry provides the compact EBG structure. The simulated and experimental results have been found in close agreement. The improvement in the antenna performance has also been demonstrated using EBG structure.
Application Of Virtual Reality Technology To Evacuation Simulation In Fire Disaster

The correct and quick evacuation of occupants is very important for the save of lives in a public building when it is attacked by a fire. However, it is difficult to train the occupants for evacuation in a real environment since it is dangerous and expensive. This paper presents a virtual reality system developed by the authors for the simulation of occupant evacuation in an underground station. The simulation of fire scene, the simulation of evacuation process in a virtual environment, the development solutions for the realization of the immersion of the user in a virtual environment, and the interaction between the users and the virtual environment are presented in details. The results show that the system can be used for the evacuation simulation and safety evaluation of the building.
Title page Relevance of cyclin D1b expression and CCND1 polymorphism in the pathogenesis of multiple myeloma and mantle cell lymphoma

Background. The CCND1 gene generates two mRNAs (cyclin D1a and D1b) through an alternative splicing at the site of a common A/G polymorphism. Cyclin D1a and b proteins differ in their C-terminus, a region involved in protein degradation and sub-cellular localization. Recent data have suggested that cyclin D1b could be a nuclear oncogene. The presence of cyclin D1b mRNA and protein has been studied in two hemopathies in which cyclin D1 could be present: multiple myeloma (MM) and mantle cell lymphoma (MCL) as well as the A/G polymorphism. Methods. The expression of cyclin D1 mRNA isoforms has been studied by real-time quantitative PCR, protein isoforms expression, localization and degradation by western blotting. The CCND1 polymorphism was analyzed after sequencing genomic DNA. Results. Cyclin D1 mRNA isoforms a and b were expressed in mantle cell lymphoma (MCL) and multiple myeloma (MM). Cyclin D1b proteins were present in MCL, rarely in MM. Importantly, both protein isoforms localized the nuclear and cytoplasmic compartments. They displayed the same short half-life. Thus, the two properties of cyclin D1b necessary for its transforming activity are missing in MCL. Moreover, CCND1 polymorphism at the exon/intron boundary had no influence on splicing regulation in MCL cells. Conclusions. Our results support the notion that cyclin D1b is not crucial for B-cell transformation.
Automatic generation control of two area interconnected power system using particle swarm optimization

The main objective of Automatic Generation Control (AGC) is to maintain the balance between the total system generations against system load losses so that the desired frequency and power interchange with neighboring systems is maintained. If any mismatch occurs between generation and demand causes the deviation in the system frequency from its nominal value. Thus high frequency deviation may lead to system collapse. In order to maintain the stability, a very fast and accurate controller is needed to maintain the nominal system frequency. This paper presents the particle swarm optimization (PSO) technique to optimize the integral controller gains for the automatic generation control (AGC) of the interconnected two area power system. Each control area includes the dynamics of thermal systems. The Integral Square of the error and the integral of time-multiplied absolute value of the error performances indices are considered. The results reported in this paper demonstrate the effectiveness of the particle swarm optimizer in the tuning of the AGC parameters. The enhancement in the dynamic response of the power system is verified. The result of the proposed work is compared with artificial intelligent controller.
Viral vaccines and vectors – some lessons from cytomegaloviruses

Vaccination is perhaps the most beneficial public health tool in history. The battle has been won for smallpox, diphtheria, polio, measles, yellow fever and several other diseases (1), saving millions of lives and changing the demographics of the world. However, the war is not over and many challenges such as HIV, influenza, hepatitis C virus (HCV), Mycobacterium tuberculosis, Malaria and others remain. Most vaccines have been developed empirically and despite their success we understand little about the ultimate mechanism of their protective immunity. Although the majority of concepts of the new vaccine approaches stem from in vitro data, major insights still have to come from in vivo analysis. The past decade has witnessed a significant progress in elucidating mechanisms of vaccine-induced immune response (2, 3), providing data necessary for rational development and design of 'smart' vaccines.
Organizational Culture and Marketing: Defining the Research Agenda

Contemporary work on marketing management is grounded implicitly in a structural functionalist or contingency perspective of organizational functioning. However, the field of organizational behavior from which such a perspective derives has recently developed a major thrust into theoretical modeling and empirical research on organizational culture. The authors survey this emerging literature on organizational culture, integrate it in a conceptual framework, and then develop a research agenda in marketing grounded in the five cultural paradigms of comparative management, cohtingency management, organizational cognition, organizational symbolism, and structural/psychodynamism.
Myosin IIB Is Required for Growth Cone Motility

Growth cones are required for the forward advancement and navigation of growing axons. Modulation of growth cone shape and reorientation of the neurite are responsible for the change of outgrowth direction that underlies navigation. Change of shape involves the reordering of the cytoskeleton. Reorientation of the neurite requires the generation of tension, which is supplied by the ability of the growth cone to crawl on a substrate. The specific molecular mechanisms responsible for these activities are unknown but are thought to involve actomyosin-generated force combined with linkage to the cell surface receptors that are responsible for adhesion (Heidemann and Buxbaum, 1998). To test whether myosin IIB is responsible for the force generation, we quantified shape dynamics and filopodial-mediated traction force in growth cones from myosin IIB knock-out (KO) mice and compared them with neurons from normal littermates. Growth cones from the KO mice spread less, showed alterations in shape dynamics and actin organization, and had reduced filopodial-mediated traction force. Although peak traction forces produced by filopodia of KO cones were decreased significantly, KO filopodia occasionally developed forces equivalent to those in the wild type. This indicates that other myosins participate in filopodial-dependent traction force. Therefore, myosin IIB is necessary for normal growth cone spreading and the modulation of shape and traction force but acts in combination with other myosins for some or all of these activities. These activities are essential for growth cone forward advancement, which is necessary for outgrowth. Thus outgrowth is slowed, but not eliminated, in neurons from the myosin IIB KO mice.
The Analysis of Reconstruction Efficiency with Compressive Sensing in Different K-Spaces

Compressive sensing is a potential technology for lossy image compression. With a given quality, we may represent an image with a few significant coefficients in the sparse domain. According to the sparse modeling theories, we may randomly sense a few number of measurements in a transform domain and later reconstruct the sparse representation. Typically the sensing domain is a low-complexity transform domain and the computation complexity lies on the reconstruction phase. In this paper, the linear and nonlinear compressive sensing approaches are briefly introduced. A few experiments are performed based on the nonlinear approach. Both 2D-DFT and 2D-DCT sensing domains are included to show their effects to the reconstruction quality. The simulation shows that the two domains produce comparable results if the proper comparison condition is considered. Some directions of revising the reconstruction process is also discussed in this paper.
The Effect of Multitasking on the Grade Performance of Business Students

The growth and expansion of communication technology have created a multitasking generation of students who believe they are utilizing time more effectively by performing two or more tasks simultaneously. Multitasking refers to the concurrent processing of two or more tasks through a process of context switching. However, research by neuroscientists show that multitasking reduces the brain’s ability to effectively retrieve information. The purpose of this study is to empirically examine whether multitasking in class affects the grade performance of business students. We conducted an experiment using 62 undergraduate business students enrolled in the first accounting principles course at a university in the Southeastern part of the United States. The students participated in a class lecture and afterwards were given a quiz covering the lecture content. One-half of the participants were allowed to multitask in the form of texting during a class lecture, while the other half of the participants were not. Our findings indicate that the exam scores of students who text in class are significantly lower than the exam scores of students who do not text in class. Thus, multitasking during class is considered a distraction that is likely to result in lower grade performance. The implications of this study can be very useful to students, instructors, administrators, and other academic stakeholders, about the effect of multitasking in a learning environment on students’ grade performance.
On the Interaction of Adaptive Video Streaming with Content-Centric Networking

Two main trends in today's Internet are of major interest for video streaming services: 1) most content delivery platforms are converging towards using adaptive video streaming over HTTP; and 2) new network architectures will allow caching at intermediate points within the network. We investigate one of the most popular streaming service in terms of rate adaptation and opportunistic caching. Our experimental study shows that the streaming client's rate selection trajectory, i.e., the set of selected segments of varied bit rates which constitute a complete video, is not repetitive across separate downloads. Also, the involvement of caching could lead to frequent alternation between cache and server when serving back client's requests for video segments. These observations warrant cautions for rate adaption algorithm design and trigger our analysis to characterize the performance of in-network caching for HTTP streaming. Our analytic results show: (i) a significant degradation of cache hit rate for adaptive streaming, with a typical file popularity distribution in nowadays internet; (ii) as a result of the (usually) higher throughput at the client-cache connection compared to client-server one, cache-server oscillations due to misjudgments of the rate adaptation algorithm occur. Finally, we introduce DASH-INC, a framework for improved video streaming in caching networks including transcoding and multiple throughput estimation.
Diagnostic and Prognostic Utility of PD-1 In B Cell Lymphomas

Aims: Programmed death-1 (PD-1) is expressed by germinal center-associated helper T-cells and acts as a negative regulator of the immune system. PD-1 is encountered on tumor cells of angioimmunoblastic T-cell lymphoma and is a postulated diagnostic marker in chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL/SLL). Recent data suggest prognostic importance of PD-1 in follicular lymphoma (FL). We assessed the diagnostic potential and the prognostic importance of PD-1 in B-cell lymphomas. Methods: Distribution of PD-1+ lymphocytes in B-cell lymphomas was studied on 403 cases. Correlation with known biologic and clinical key data was performed. Prognostic cut-off scores were determined by receiver operating curve analysis. Results: PD-1+ tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes were numerous in extranodal marginal zone lymphomas and FL. Their amount decreased from FL grade 1 to grade 3 and to FL with transformation to diffuse large B-cell lymphoma. An increased amount of PD-1 tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes above the prognostic cut-off score (> 2.8%) was a positive prognostic factor of disease-specific survival (DSS) in FL-patients. Five percent of the studied 66 CLL/SLL cases showed unequivocal PD-1 positivity of neoplastic cells. Conclusions: Increased number of PD-1+ tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes is associated with significantly improved DSS in FL and may be useful to predict its heterogeneous clinical behavior. PD-1 has probably limited diagnostic value for primary histopathological CLL/SLL diagnostics.
Spaciousness in Music: The Tonmeister’s Intention and the Listener’s Perception

Tonmeisters tune the sound of music productions. Besides aspects like spectral balance, loudness and dynamics, spaciousness plays an important role. Music of different genres tends towards different degrees of spaciousness due to generic aesthetic ideals and practical reasons. In this paper, we compare the degree of spaciousness as intended by the Tonmeister and perceived by the listener. 150 music excerpts from 5 different genres (electronica, classical, jazz, rock and ethno) are analyzed. The Tonmeister’s intention is derived from the literature and from analysis with a goniometer. The listener’s perception is obtained from a listening test with 13 participants. The listening test revealed different adjectives for each genre relating to a spacious perception. We found that general rules as suggested in the literature are barely reflected in the goniometer results or the subjective impressions. Subjective impressions are largely contradictory.
Testing the nonperturbative orbifold conjecture

We discuss Strassler's hypothesis of matching nonperturbative effects in orbifold pairs of gauge theories which are perturbatively planar equivalent. One of the examples considered is the parent $\mathcal{N}=1\mathrm{SU}(N)$ supersymmetric Yang-Mills theory and its nonsupersymmetric orbifold daughter. We apply two strategies allowing us to study nonperturbative effects: (i) low-energy theorems and (ii) putting the theory on small-size ${T}^{4}$ or ${R}^{3}\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}{S}^{1}. $ Then both the parent and daughter theories are weakly coupled and amenable to quasiclassical treatment. In all cases our consideration yields a mismatch between the parent and daughter theories. Thus, regretfully, we present evidence against Strassler's hypothesis. We discuss in passing a brane picture related to our consideration.