Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Elastic and viscoelastic properties of resin composites at the macroscopic and nano scales

AbstractRestoring both anterior and posterior teeth with resin-composite materials is now an established clinical procedure with almost universal acceptance. The clinical performance of these restorations in the patient? s mouth is determined by a number of factors including the clinical techniques involved in their placement, the patient? s oral habits, and the physical and mechanical properties of the restorative materials themselves. These materials are being increasingly used in load-bearing areas of the posterior dentition and are therefore inevitably subject to masticatory forces of varying magnitude. The success of different resin-composites in different applications is understood through their clinical performance and laboratory-based experimental evaluation.My research was divided into two parts; the first part was concerned with the examination of different types of contemporary restorative resin-composites and in the second part, I compared different methods of examination. In the first part, I investigated and compared different sets of varied types of resin-composites, such as flowable resin-composites, bulk-fill resin-composites and conventional resin-composites. Using different sets of these materials, I examined a number of properties that affect their clinical performance and durability.In the second part, I studied and compared the conventional (macroscopic) methods of investigation with nanoindentation method. Both methods were applied to examine and characterise different properties for some types of resin-composites.The flowable and the bulk-fill resin-composites exhibited satisfactory results comparable with conventional resin-composites. The properties investigated included strength properties, modulus of elasticity, hardness and viscoelastic time-dependent creep deformation. The results obtained by nanoindentation confirmed that this method of examination is a valuable experimental tool to investigate and characterise some mechanical properties of resin-composites.
Acute Calcific Tendinitis of the Rectus Femoris: A Case Series

Introduction: Periarticular calcific tendinitis is a common cause of Orthopedic outpatient referral. Calcific tendinitis of the rectus femoris, however, is very rare and not well known. Due to its rarity, correct diagnosis and prompt treatment are not fully understood. Case Report: Two females (38 and 40 years old) of acute calcific tendinitis of the rectus femoris with the good clinical course without any operative treatment were presented. The pain was managed with oral non-steroidal antiinflammatory drugs and/or local steroid injection. Interval radiographic assessment showed complete resorption of the calcification. Conclusion: Establishing the correct diagnosis and initiating prompt treatment are shown to be important in achieving resolution of symptoms and in avoiding unnecessary investigations.
Targeting Adhesion Molecules as a Potential Mechanism of Action for Intravenous Immunoglobulin

Background—Intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIg) therapy has been shown to have therapeutic benefit in more than 50 inflammatory and immune-related diseases; however, the potential benefit of IVIg in cardiovascular disease is more limited, in part because our understanding of the mechanisms underlying the effects of IVIg in innate immunity is incomplete. Methods and Results—In this study, a systematic assessment of the role of IVIg in leukocyte recruitment was completed with an in vitro flow-chamber system and in vivo intravital microscopy in a feline ischemia-reperfusion model system. IVIg treatment of blood resulted in a profound decrease in recruitment of either immobilized P-selectin or E-selectin due to direct effects of IVIg on the leukocyte (not substratum). Similar results were observed on endothelium treated with histamine, which induces P-selectin–dependent rolling and &bgr;2-integrin–dependent adhesion. IVIg reduced P-selectin glycoprotein ligand-1 (PSGL-1) antibody binding to PSGL-1 on leukocytes. Use of a &bgr;2-integrin–dependent static assay to bypass selectin-dependent recruitment revealed some inhibitory effectiveness (60%), which suggests that the majority of the effects of IVIg were due to selectin inhibition, with some inhibition of integrin function. In vivo intravital microscopy revealed a potent inhibitory effect of IVIg on P-selectin–dependent rolling and &bgr;2-integrin–dependent adhesion that led to reduced leukocyte recruitment and vascular dysfunction in postischemic microvessels. Conclusions—Our data demonstrate that IVIg has direct inhibitory effects on leukocyte recruitment in vitro and in vivo through inhibition of selectin and integrin function.
An integrated nonlinear placement framework with congestion and porosity aware buffer planning

Due to skewed scaling of interconnect versus cell delay in deep submicron CMOS, modern VLSI timing closure requires extensive buffer insertion. Inserting a large number of buffers may cause not only dramatic cell migration but also routing hotspots. If buffering is not controlled well, it may fail to close a design. Placement with buffer porosity (i.e., cell density) awareness can allocate space for inserting these buffers, and buffering with congestion awareness can improve the routability. Therefore, there is essential need for a placement framework with explicit porosity and congestion control. In this paper, we propose the first integrated nonlinear placement framework with porosity and congestion aware buffer planning. We demonstrate the integration of increasingly refined cell porosity and routing congestion aware buffer planning and insertion methodology in a high quality nonlinear placer. Our experiments show the improvement of average routing overflow by 69%, average wirelength by 28% and average buffer count by 40%, compared with the traditional placement framework without buffer planning.
Impairment of Dilator Responses of Cerebral Arterioles During Diabetes Mellitus: Role of Inducible NO Synthase

Background and Purpose— During diabetes, expression of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) plays an important role in the development of endothelial dysfunction in extracranial blood vessels. Progression of vascular dysfunction after the onset of diabetes differs among vascular beds. In this study, the effects of hyperglycemia/diabetes on vasomotor function were examined in cerebral arterioles at 2 different times in control and iNOS-deficient mice and compared with the effects on carotid arteries. Methods— Streptozotocin (150 mg/kg IP) was given to induce diabetes. The diameter of cerebral arterioles was measured through a cranial window in diabetic and nondiabetic mice in vivo. Vasomotor function of the carotid artery was examined in vitro. Results— In diabetic mice, responses of the cerebral arterioles to acetylcholine (1 &mgr;mol/L) were normal after 3 weeks of diabetes but were significantly impaired after 5 to 6 weeks of diabetes (4±1% [mean±SEM] increase in diameter) compared with control mice (14±1; P=0.0002). Responses to sodium nitroprusside were similar in diabetic and nondiabetic mice at both time points. In contrast, the vasomotor function of the carotid artery was not affected after 5 to 6 weeks of diabetes. In diabetic iNOS-deficient mice, cerebral arteriolar vasomotor function was not impaired, even after 4 months of diabetes. Conclusions— During diabetes, endothelial dysfunction of cerebral arterioles requires expression of iNOS and develops earlier than in carotid arteries.
Foreground detection based on color and texture features

Moving objects detection from a video sequence is a fundamental and critical work in many computer-vision applications. A widely utilized strategy is to implement background subtraction method, aiming to classify moving objects from video sequences based on the background model. To address the false classification, a new background modeling method is presented and a new foreground object detection model is proposed which utilize the proposed background similarity to fuse color and texture feature. It can tackle relatively complex scenarios with small motions and the illumination changes. The experimental results have proven the effectiveness of the method.
Complexity of pattern-based verification for multithreaded programs

Pattern-based verification checks the correctness of the program executions that follow a given pattern, a regular expression over the alphabet of program transitions of the form w1* . wn*. For multithreaded programs, the alphabet of the pattern is given by the synchronization operations between threads. We study the complexity of pattern-based verification for abstracted multithreaded programs in which, as usual in program analysis, conditions have been replaced by nondeterminism (the technique works also for boolean programs). While unrestricted verification is undecidable for abstracted multithreaded programs with recursive procedures and PSPACE-complete for abstracted multithreaded while-programs, we show that pattern-based verification is NP-complete for both classes. We then conduct a multiparameter analysis in which we study the complexity in the number of threads, the number of procedures per thread, the size of the procedures, and the size of the pattern. We first show that no algorithm for pattern-based verification can be polynomial in the number of threads, procedures per thread, or the size of the pattern (unless P=NP). Then, using recent results about Parikh images of regular languages and semilinear sets, we present an algorithm exponential in the number of threads, procedures per thread, and size of the pattern, but polynomial in the size of the procedures.
Atherosclerotic Disease of the Proximal Aorta and the Risk of Vascular Events in a Population-Based Cohort: The Aortic Plaques and Risk of Ischemic Stroke (APRIS) Study

Background and Purpose— Proximal aortic plaques are a risk factor for vascular embolic events. However, this association in the general population is unclear. We sought to assess whether proximal aortic plaques are associated with vascular events in a community-based cohort. Methods— Stroke-free subjects from the Aortic Plaques and Risk of Ischemic Stroke (APRIS) study were evaluated. Aortic arch and proximal descending aortic plaques were assessed by transesophageal echocardiography (TEE). Vascular events (myocardial infarction, ischemic stroke, vascular death) were prospectively recorded, and their association with aortic plaques was assessed. Results— 209 subjects were studied (age 67.0±8.6 years). Aortic arch plaques were present in 130 subjects (62.2%), large plaques (≥4 mm) in 50 (23.9%). Descending aortic plaques were present in 126 subjects (60.9%), large plaques in 41 (19.8%). During a follow-up of 74.4±26.3 months, 29 events occurred (12 myocardial infarctions, 11 ischemic strokes, 6 vascular deaths). After adjustment for risk factors, large aortic arch plaques were not associated with combined vascular events (hazard ratio [HR] 1.03, 95% confidence intervals [CI] 0.35 to 3.02) or ischemic stroke (HR 0.59, 95% CI 0.10 to 3.39). Large descending aortic plaques were also not independently associated with vascular events (HR 1.99, 95% CI 0.52 to 7.69) or ischemic stroke (HR 1.43, 95% CI 0.27 to 7.48). Conclusions— In a population-based cohort, the incidental detection of plaques in the aortic arch or proximal descending aorta was not associated with future vascular events. Associated cofactors may affect the previously reported association between proximal aortic plaques and vascular events.
PMI-based MIMO OFDM PHY Integrated Key Exchange (P-MOPI) Scheme

In the literature, J.-P. Cheng et al. have proposed the MIMO-OFDM PHY integrated (MOPI) scheme for achieving physical-layer security in practice without using any cryptographic ciphers. The MOPI scheme uses channel sounding and physical-layer network coding (PNC) to prevent eavesdroppers from learning the channel state information (CSI). Nevertheless, due to the use of multiple antennas for PNC at transmitter and beamforming at receiver, it is not possible to have spatial multiplexing nor use space-time codes in our previous MOPI scheme. In this paper, we propose a variant of the MOPI scheme, called P-MOPI, that works with a cryptographic cipher and utilizes precoding matrix index (PMI) as an efficient key-exchange mechanism. With channel sounding, the PMI is only known between the transmitter and the legal receiver. The shared key can then be used, e.g., as the seed to generate pseudo random bit sequences for securing subsequent transmissions using a stream cipher. By applying the same techniques at independent subcarriers of the OFDM system, the P-MOPI scheme easily allows two communicating parties to exchange over 100 secret bits. As a result, not only secure communication but also the MIMO gain can be guaranteed by using the P-MOPI scheme.
Coordination of Communication Distributed Sensing Systems

This paper describes an algorithm for coordination of communication of probabilistic information in distributed sensing systems. We envision the distributed sensing system as a team of observers, each of which observes locally and communicate with other members in order to improve its local estimation. Due to the limited communication bandwidth and constraints imposed by the network topology, communicating all information with each other is inefficient/infeasible. By quantifying information which is communicated anmng the members, the problem of coordination of communication is considered in the framework of team decision theory. By maximizing the expected overall information throughput in the distributed sensor m.twork under resource and topological constraints, de. cisious rules can be obtained for each sensor member on "how nmch to communicate". Two simple examples of distributed tracking system are presented.
Using HMM Toolkit (HTK) for recognition of arabic manuscripts characters

In this paper, we propose an analytical approach of an offline recognition of handwritten Arabic. Our method is based on Hidden Markov Models (HMM) Toolkit (HTK), modeling type that takes into consideration the characteristics of Arabic script and possible inclinations of cursive words. The objective is to propose a methodology for rapid implementation of our approach. To this end, a preprocessing phase that can prepare the data was introduced. These data are then used by an extraction method of two groups of the characteristics (Features of Local Densities and Features Statistical) with the use of the technique of sliding windows, the results of this step are processed in sequence information as vectors to HTK (Hidden Markov Model Toolkit).
The effects of exposure to near-future levels of ocean acidification on shell characteristics of Pinctada fucata (Bivalvia: Pteriidae)

Atmospheric carbon dioxide concentrations have greatly increased since the beginning of the industrial age. This has led to a decline in global ocean pH by 0.1 units, and continued decline of 0.3–0.5 units is predicted by the end of 2100. Acidification of the ocean has led to decreased calcification rates and dissolution of calcareous structures in a range of marine species. Shells of the pearl oyster Pinctada fucata exposed to acidified seawater (pH 7.8 and pH 7.6) for 28 days were 25.9% and 26.8% weaker than controls (pH 8.1–8.2), respectively, but there was no reduction in the organic content of shells exposed to acidified condi-tions. Scanning electron microscopy analysis of the growing edge of nacre lining the shells of P. fucata showed that shells exposed to acidified conditions (pH 7.6) showed signs of malformation and/or dissolution, when compared to controls. The reduction in shell strength and the possible nacre malformation could have broad impacts on the ecology of pearl oysters and consequences for the cultured pearl industry that relies on them.
Ionic Liquids in Tribology

Current research on room-temperature ionic liquids as lubricants is described. Ionic liquids possess excellent properties such as non-volatility, non-flammability, and thermo-oxidative stability. The potential use of ionic liquids as lubricants was first proposed in 2001 and approximately 70 articles pertaining to fundamental research on ionic liquids have been published through May 2009. A large majority of the cations examined in this area are derived from 1,3-dialkylimidazolium, with a higher alkyl group on the imidazolium cation being beneficial for good lubrication, while it reduces the thermo-oxidative stability. Hydrophobic anions provide both good lubricity and significant thermo-oxidative stability. The anions decompose through a tribochemical reaction to generate metal fluoride on the rubbed surface. Additive technology to improve lubricity is also explained. An introduction to tribology as an interdisciplinary field of lubrication is also provided.
Temporal and Spatial Requirements of unplugged/MuSK Function during Zebrafish Neuromuscular Development

One of the earliest events in neuromuscular junction (NMJ) development is the accumulation of acetylcholine receptor (AChR) at the center of muscle cells. The unplugged/MuSK (muscle specific tyrosine kinase) gene is essential to initiate AChR clustering but also to restrict approaching growth cones to the muscle center, thereby coordinating pre- and postsynaptic development. To determine how unplugged/MuSK signaling coordinates these two processes, we examined the temporal and spatial requirements of unplugged/MuSK in zebrafish embryos using heat-shock inducible transgenes. Here, we show that despite its expression in muscle cells from the time they differentiate, unplugged/MuSK activity is first required just prior to the appearance of AChR clusters to simultaneously induce AChR accumulation and to guide motor axons. Furthermore, we demonstrate that ectopic expression of unplugged/MuSK throughout the muscle membrane results in wildtype-like AChR prepattern and neuromuscular synapses in the central region of muscle cells. We propose that AChR prepatterning and axonal guidance are spatio-temporally coordinated through common unplugged/MuSK signals, and that additional factor(s) restrict unplugged/MuSK signaling to a central muscle zone critical for establishing mid-muscle synaptogenesis.
Thai poetry translation to English with backward translation evaluation

The Poetry is an art form of literary works. Poetry Machine Translator is problematic area challenging. It is very important that output of poetry translation should still be poetry. Evaluation of translation will show the quality of translator but Evaluation is still a research topic in itself. This paper will focus on the Thai poetry type “Klonn-Pad” and aim to translate into English keeping terms of prosody. The results of translation between Forward and Backward translation will be compared by BLEU (Bilingual Evaluation Understudy) metric and METEOR (Metric for Evaluation of Translation with Explicit Ordering). The original (Thai) language L1translates to the target language L2. The result of Forward L1to L2 is L2out and the result of Backward L2 to L1 is L1out. The BLEU score of Forward (L2out) equaled 0.795, Backward (L1out) equaled 0.885. The METEOR score of Forward (L2out) Precision equaled 0.863, Recall equaled 0.791 and F-Measure equaled 0.840. For Backward (L1out) Precision equaled 0.850, Recall equaled 0.863 and F-Measure equaled 0.856. Based on this study, it can be concluded that the Backward Translation can validate and evaluate quality the Thai poetry machine translators with Poetry's dictionary and Tuning Module. Thus, it is necessary and reasonable that Dictionary of Thai poetry should be develop and improve.
Two-Dimensional Pilot Design for Non-Orthogonal Multiple Access in Multicarrier System

As being adopted as an important candidate Multiple Access (MA) scheme of future wireless communications, Non-Orthogonal Multiple Access (NOMA) recently attracts more and more attention. In this paper, we propose a solution of two-dimensional superimposed pilot design for NOMA. The proposed scheme exploits Walsh Hadamard matrix and its modifications to create the two-dimensional superimposed pilot, occupying approximately 5% to 10% of total transmit power and covering a certain time-frequency allocation. Deploying coherent processing in a moving average manner, adequate performance as initial channel estimates can be achieved even under asynchronous communications. Then, the two-dimensional superimposed pilots are dual-purposely exploited by the trellis-based detector, by jointly further improving the channel estimation and multiuser detection in NOMA system. Throughout our investigation, we demonstrate that the proposed pilot scheme can support not only big data block, but also relatively small data block.
The mechanism by which plethora suppresses erythropoiesis.

E RYTHROPOIETIN is believed to be the prime physiologic regulator of erythropoiesis.1 It is generally assumed that erythropoietin production is chiefly controlled by the demands of tissues for oxygen relative to their oxygen supply.1 According to this hypothesis transfusion-induced polycythemia results in suppression of erythropoietin production ( and consequently of erythropoiesis ) by virtue of its ability to increase the oxygen supply to tissue.2 However, transfusion-induced polycythemia of a marked degree is associated with an increase in viscosity which might actually diminish oxygen supply to the tissues.3 A compensatory increase in cardiac output or fall in peripheral resistance could overcome this rheological disadvantage of higher blood viscosity following hypertransfusion.4’5 Recently, however, it has been suggested that marked post-transfusion polycythemia results in an inhibition of erythropoietin production by a mechanism which is independent of the increased oxygen content of blood.6’7 The present study was designed to demonstrate in mice the effect of an increase in hematocrit on erythropoietin production without a concomitant augmentation of the oxygen content of blood. This purpose was accomplished either by dehydrating mice or by transfusing them with methemoglobinized cells from a patient with hereditary methemoglobinemia due to deficiency of NADH-methemoglobin reductase ( diaphorase ) #{149}8 Such cells were chosen because methemoglobin of normal nitrite-treated human or mouse red cells was shown to be completely reduced within one to hvo hours after transfusion. The same was experienced with cyanmethemoglobincontaining cells.
A New Frame Recompression Algorithm Integrated with H.264 Video Compression

To reduce the size and bandwidth requirement of a frame memory for video compression, a number of memory recompression algorithms have been proposed. These previous algorithms are performed independently of a video compression standard and therefore do not take advantage of the information obtained during the processing of the compression standard. This paper proposes a new recompression algorithm that makes use of the information from H.264 intra prediction results. The proposed algorithm decomposes a frame into 4times4 blocks which are then compressed into 64-bit segments. The result of 4times4 intra prediction is used to select the scan order of the 4times4 block and DPCM (differential pulse code modulation) is performed along this scan order. Then, the DPCM results are further compressed by Golomb-Rice coding. The proposed recompression algorithm is implemented in hardware and integrated with an H.264 encoder. The proposed algorithm improves the average PSNR by 2.9dB compared to the previous work in (Lee, 2003). The hardware cost for the implementation of the recompression algorithm is 28 K gates and the additional latency to read the compressed frame memory is 162 cycles per a macroblock