Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Designing secure clustering protocol with the approach of reducing energy consumption in wireless sensor networks

In recent years, many researchers have focused on wireless sensor networks and their applications. To obtain scalability potential in these networks most of the nodes are categorized as distinct groups named cluster and the node which is selected as cluster head or Aggregation Node offers the operation of data collection from other cluster nodes and aggregation and sending it to the rest of the network. Clustering and data aggregation increase network scalability and cause that limited resources of the network are used well. However, these mechanisms also make several breaches in the network, for example in clustered networks cluster head nodes are considered Desirable and attractive targets for attackers since reaching their information whether by physical attack and node capturing or by other attacks, the attacker can obtain the whole information of corresponding cluster. In this study secure clustering of the nodes are considered with the approach of reducing energy consumption of nodes and a protocol is presented that in addition to satisfying Advanced security needs of wireless sensor networks reduces the amount of energy consumption by the nodes. Due to network clustering there is scalability potential in such a network and According to frequent change of cluster head nodes load distribution is performed in the cluster and eventually increase the network lifetime.
Distributive Justice in Education and Conflicting Interests: Not (Remotely) as Bad as You Think

The importance of education and its profound effect on people’s life make it a central issue in discussions of distributive justice. However, promoting distributive justice in education comes at a price: prioritising the education of some, as is often entailed by the principles of justice, inevitably has negative effects on the education of others. As a result, all theories of distributive justice in education face the challenge of balancing their requirements with conflicting interests. This article aims to contribute to developing an account of conflicting interests by identifying a category of conflicting interests — non-positional conflicting interests — the realisation of which does not necessarily disrupt distributive justice. Non-positional conflicting interests include, for example, the interest in realising one’s full potential and parents’ interest in familial relations. The article argues that the core dimensions of non-positional conflicting interests can usually be realised without upsetting distributive justice, and that actions that do upset distributive justice tend to be peripheral to these interests. Either way, there is no severe friction between distributive justice and non-positional conflicting interests: in the former cases, both are realised simultaneously. In the latter, tension exists; however, because the infringement on the conflicting interest is of relatively little weight, it is often justified, all things considered, in order to promote distributive justice. The conclusion is that while there are indeed cases in which distributive justice must retreat in the face of other interests, the friction between distributive justice and other interests is actually weaker than meets the eye.
Impact of CF4 plasma treatment on threshold voltage and mobility in Al2O3/InAlN/GaN MOSHEMTs

The shift of the threshold voltage Vth in Al2O3/InAlN/GaN metal–oxide–semiconductor high-electron-mobility transistors (MOSHEMTs) is demonstrated by CF4 plasma treatments. The accompanying channel mobility degradation is monitored to understand the tradeoff design space. The effective negative charge introduced by the F plasma treatments at the oxide interface is found to be as high as −0.73 × 1013 cm−2 (mobility > 500 cm2 V−1 s−1), sufficient to fully compensate for the net polarization charge in Al0.15GaN/GaN HEMTs. Although it is difficult to obtain Vth ≫ 0 V owing to the high polarization charges in InAlN, these MOSHEMTs with 1 µm gates show very low leakage (∼1 × 10−11 A/mm), low hysteresis, and low dispersion.
Diagnosis and treatment of atopic dermatitis in children and adults: European Academy of Allergology and Clinical Immunology/American Academy of Allergy, Asthma and Immunology/PRACTALL Consensus Report

There are remarkable differences in the diagnostic and therapeutic management of atopic dermatitis practiced by dermatologists and pediatricians in different countries. Therefore, the European Academy of Allergy and Clinical Immunology and the American Academy of Allergy, Asthma and Immunology nominated expert teams who were given the task of finding a consensus to serve as a guideline for clinical practice in Europe as well as in North America. The consensus report is part of the PRACTALL initiative, which is endorsed by both academies.
Normal modes in vocal cord tissues.

The human vocal cord is treated as an elastic material capable of propagating compressional, shear, and surface waves. A mathematical formulation for commonly observed vibrational modes is developed. This includes horizontal as well as vertical tissue displacements. Current vocal cord models are discussed and evaluated in terms of their ability to describe adequately the vibrational degrees of freedom of the cords.Subject Classification: 70.20.
Anterior cingulate grey-matter deficits and cannabis use in first-episode schizophrenia

Background Despite the high prevalence of cannabis use in schizophrenia, few studies have examined the potential relationship between cannabis exposure and brain structural abnormalities in schizophrenia. Aims To investigate prefrontal grey and white matter regions in patients experiencing a first episode of schizophrenia with an additional diagnosis of cannabis use or dependence (n=20) compared with similar patients with no cannabis use (n=31) and healthy volunteers (n=56). Method Volumes of the superior frontal gyrus, anterior cingulate gyrus and orbital frontal lobe were outlined manually from contiguous magnetic resonance images and automatically segmented into grey and white matter. Results Patients who used cannabis had less anterior cingulate grey matter compared with both patients who did not use cannabis and healthy volunteers. Conclusions A defect in the anterior cingulate is associated with a history of cannabis use among patients experiencing a first episode of schizophrenia and could have a role in poor decision-making and in choosing more risky outcomes.
Blood oxidant stress in relation to seasonal activity of thyroid and adrenal glands in Camelus dromedarius

1 Laboratory of Microbiology, Pharmacology, Biotechnology and Environment, Faculy of Sciences, Aïn-Chock, Hassan II University of Casablanca, P. B. 5366 Maârif, Casablanca, Morocco. 2 Laboratory of Physiopathology and Molecular Genetic, Faculty of Sciences, Ben M’Sik, Hassan II University of Casablanca, P. B. 7955 Sidi Othmane, Casablanca, Morocco. 3 Unit Radio-Immuno-Analysis/Division of Life Sciences, CNESTEN, B. P. 1382 RP 10001, Rabat, Morocco.
Lean Fish Consumption Is Associated with Beneficial Changes in the Metabolic Syndrome Components: A 13-Year Follow-Up Study from the Norwegian Tromsø Study

Background: Fish consumption may have beneficial effects on metabolic syndrome (MetS); however, limited information of such associations exists. This study investigated possible associations between fish consumption and changes in MetS components during a 13-year follow-up period. Methods: The sample included participants (26–69 years) from the Tromsø Study 4 (1994–1995, n = 23,907) and Tromsø Study 6 (2007–2008, n = 12,981). Data were collected using questionnaires including food frequency questions, non-fasting blood samples, and physical examinations. MetS was defined using the Joint Interim Societies (JIS) definition, in which one point was given for each MetS criteria fulfilled (metabolic score). Longitudinal analyses were performed using Linear mixed models. Results: For both genders, lean fish consumption once a week or more was significantly associated with decreased future metabolic score, decreased triglycerides, and increased high-density lipoprotein (HDL)-cholesterol, whereas decreased waist circumference and blood pressure was identified only for men (age adjusted models). Fatty fish consumption was significantly associated with increased waist circumference for both genders and increased HDL-cholesterol levels in men. Conclusion: The results suggest that fatty and lean fish consumption may influence MetS differently and that lean fish consumption in particular seems to be associated with beneficial changes in the MetS components.
Unlocking Emergent Talent: Supporting High Achievement of Low-Income, High Ability Students.

p Executive Summary U nlocking Emergent Talent: Supporting High Achievement of Low-Income, High-Ability Students takes a comprehensive look at achievement for low-income promising learners—past, present, and future. At its core, it challenges the nation to move beyond its near-singular focus of achieving minimum performance for all students, to identifying and developing the talent of all students who are capable of high achievement, including our promising low-income and culturally and linguistically diverse students who too often literally languish in our schools. The foundation for this report was built at the National Summit on Low-Income, High-Ability Learners, convened by the National Association for Gifted Children in 2012. The Summit gathered experts to share the latest research on the education and development of low-income, high-ability students, identify barriers to achievement in school and success in adulthood, share information about successful school-based and supplemental programs, and recommend areas in need of further research. After presentations and discussion, participants made recommendations for practice, policy, and research that are based on three general assumptions: • Poverty and minority status are not the same. Although there is overlap, poverty manifests differently based on geography, ethnicity, and race. • Poverty is pervasive and includes students from rural, White, urban, African American, Hispanic, Asian, and other cultural backgrounds. • Typical characteristics of gifted students may manifest differently in low-income, high-ability learners. Unlocking Emergent Talent sets the stage for major strides in both understanding and action, by spotlighting strong evidence-based program models that produce performance results for low-income, high-ability learners, recommending educational best practices, and identifying both research and public policy gaps that, if filled, could achieve significant results for the future. The report calls on educators and policy makers to: • Expect more than proficiency from many more students through policies, funding, and practices that consistently support high expectations and high achievement. • Provide multiple strategies to support student achievement at the highest levels, and expand access to rigorous curriculum and supplemental services and programs. • Expand preservice and in-service teacher training on identifying and serving high-ability, low-income and culturally and linguistically diverse students. • Support emergent talent as early as possible, establishing a commitment to achievement at an early age. • Engage communities to support in-school learning and supplement curriculum with outside-of-school opportunities • Minimize a student's zip code and socioeconomic status as the determining factors for receiving a rigorous, high quality education. • Identify successful program models …
Adaptive color image enhancement based geometric mean filter

In this paper, an adaptive color image enhancement based on geometric mean filter is proposed. The contrast of the color image is enhanced by using saturation feedback from saturation components and incorporating spatial information into luminance components. Hue is preserved in order to avoid color distortion. The adaptive luminance enhancement is achieved by using a geometric mean filter in place of arithmetic mean filter since arithmetic mean filter tends to lose image detail such as edges and sharpness when compared to geometric mean filter. The traditional algorithm uses the arithmetic mean filter which smoothes local variations of luminance and saturation. The reconstructed quality of image using this scheme is generally not satisfactory. In the proposed method, geometric mean filter has been adopted that achieves very good quality reconstructed images, far better than that possible with the arithmetic mean filter. It not only enhances poor quality images but also solves the problem of gray world violation. The experimental results show that color images enhanced by this algorithm are clearer, vivid and efficient.
Facial Expression and Gesture Low-Dimensional Analysis

Facial expression and gesture change subtly, which is not robust to the noise. In the paper local linear embedded analysis is carried on facial gesture and expressions: in low-dimensional space, the gesture and expression distribution will not change with different faces. From left to right it reflects facial gesture change and from top to bottom it reflects facial expression change. The expression distribution does on change with image zoom and rotation.
Essays on executive compensation

ESSAYS ON EXECUTIVE COMPENSATION Qi Liu Alex Edmans I study executive compensation in various situations, including the cases where (i) CEOs have relative wealth concerns (RWCs); (ii) inside debt can be a part of an optimal contract; (iii) there are ambiguous information about firm value. The first chapter, "Relative Wealth Concerns and Executive compensation", studies the implications of RWCs on executive compensation. I first study the case in which a CEO’s effort increases firm value without changing firm risk. In this case, RWCs will result in an increase in CEO incentives. This effect is larger if aggregate risk is higher, so RWCs can lead to a positive relation between CEO incentives and aggregate risk. CEOs with RWCs willingly risk exposure to aggregate shock to keep up with their peers. This help to reduce risk premium paid to the CEOs. As a result, RWCs can be beneficial to shareholders’ payoffs. I also provide a simple explanation for the pay-for-luck puzzle. I next examine the case in which the CEO’s effort affects both the mean and variance of firm value. I show that RWCs can lead to a negative relation between CEOs’ risk-taking behavior and their incentives, which is consistent with some empirical evidence. Lastly, I show that RWCs render options preferable to stock where aggregate risk is much larger than idiosyncratic risk. The second chapter, "Inside Debt", is a coauthored paper with my advisor Alex Edmans. We justify the use of debt as efficient compensation. We show that inside debt is a superior solution to the agency costs of debt than the solvency-contingent bonuses proposed by prior literature, since its payoff depends not only on the incidence of bankruptcy but also firm value in bankruptcy. Contrary to intuition, granting
Review of angle of arrival (AOA) estimations through received signal strength indication (RSSI) for wireless sensors network (WSN)

Awareness of the physical location of each node is required by the many wireless sensor network (WSN) applications. There are various tracking schemes available such as time-of-flight, time difference of arrival and angle of arrival. This review paper focuses and describes previous related work regarding of the angle of arrival (AOA) estimations in particular through received signal strength indication (RSSI). AOA estimation is useful in tracking the desired signal and also improving the signal reception for movable users. With the AOA detection, the beam pattern of the antenna system can be reconfigured either mechanically or electrically to improve the signal reception. The AOA estimation with RSSI offers less complexity since the phase information of the signal will not be used to calculate the angle as usually practiced in the traditional phased array antenna systems. Hence this review focuses on identifying the advantages and disadvantages in AOA estimation through RSSI. The potential future direction of this research will be proposed at the end of this review.
An Electron Microscope Study of Smooth Muscle in Pregnant Uterus of the Rabbit

In the smooth muscle of the rabbit uterus one type of myofilament can be found; this is about 50 A thick. In the sarcoplasmic reticulum there are smooth walled vesicles and many vesicles with particles attached. It is suggested that these particles may correspond to the ribonucleoprotein-containing particles of Palade and Siekevitz. The diameter of the particles is 250 A. There are also unattached particles some of which may be glycogen. The membranes of the muscle cells and the connective tissue lying between them are described.
Identification of a thiamin-dependent synthase in Escherichia coli required for the formation of the 1-deoxy-D-xylulose 5-phosphate precursor to isoprenoids, thiamin, and pyridoxol.

In Escherichia coli, 1-deoxy-D-xylulose (or its 5-phosphate, DXP) is the biosynthetic precursor to isopentenyl diphosphate [Broers, S. T. J. (1994) Dissertation (Eidgenössische Technische Hochschule, Zürich)], thiamin, and pyridoxol [Himmeldirk, K. , Kennedy, I. A. , Hill, R. E. , Sayer, B. G. & Spenser, I. D. (1996) Chem. Commun. 1187-1188]. Here we show that an open reading frame at 9 min on the chromosomal map of E. coli encodes an enzyme (deoxyxylulose-5-phosphate synthase, DXP synthase) that catalyzes a thiamin diphosphate-dependent acyloin condensation reaction between C atoms 2 and 3 of pyruvate and glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate to yield DXP. We have cloned and overexpressed the gene (dxs), and the enzyme was purified 17-fold to a specific activity of 0.85 unit/mg of protein. The reaction catalyzed by DXP synthase yielded exclusively DXP, which was characterized by 1H and 31P NMR spectroscopy. Although DXP synthase of E. coli shows sequence similarity to both transketolases and the E1 subunit of pyruvate dehydrogenase, it is a member of a distinct protein family, and putative DXP synthase sequences appear to be widespread in bacteria and plant chloroplasts.
Risk Factors Associated with Clinical Malaria Episodes in Bangladesh: A Longitudinal Study

Malaria is endemic to Bangladesh. In this longitudinal study, we used hydrologic, topographic, and socioeconomic risk factors to explain single and multiple malaria infections at individual and household levels. Malaria incidence was determined for 1,634 households in 54 villages in 2009 and 2010. During the entire study period 21.8% of households accounted for all (n = 497) malaria cases detected; 15.4% of households had 1 case and 6.4% had ≥ 2 cases. The greatest risk factors for malaria infection were low bed net ratio per household, house construction materials (wall), and high density of houses. Hydrologic and topographic factors were not significantly associated with malaria risk. This study identifies stable malaria hotspots and risk factors that should be considered for cost-effective targeting of malaria interventions that may contribute to potential elimination of malaria in Bangladesh.
Residential segregation and the integration of immigrants: Britain, the Netherlands and Sweden

Three country studies on Great Britain (C. Peach), the Netherlands (S. Musterd/W. Ostendorf), and Sweden (R. Andersson) outline key features of ethnic residential segregation and discuss their relevance for the integration of migrants. For all three countries the degree of settlement concentration is considered moderate. Empirical results are presented on links between neighbourhood and, e. g. , labour market integration and inter-group relations. In a concluding chapter, Karen Schonwalder offers an assessment of the available evidence on neighbourhood effects and its relevance for the German situation. While it seems too early to draw firm conclusions, current knowledge suggests that the importance of socio-spatial structures for the integration of people with a migration background should not be overestimated. The evidence does not support a choice of political intervention strategies that focus on countering ethnic residential segregation.
Deep recurrent music writer: Memory-enhanced variational autoencoder-based musical score composition and an objective measure

In recent years, there has been an increasing interest in music generation using machine learning techniques typically used for classification or regression tasks. This is a field still in its infancy, and most attempts are still characterized by the imposition of many restrictions to the music composition process in order to favor the creation of “interesting” outputs. Furthermore, and most importantly, none of the past attempts has focused on developing objective measures to evaluate the music composed, which would allow to evaluate the pieces composed against a predetermined standard as well as permitting to fine-tune models for better “performance” and music composition goals. In this work, we intend to advance state-of-the-art in this area by introducing and evaluating a new metric for an objective assessment of the quality of the generated pieces. We will use this measure to evaluate the outputs of a truly generative model based on Variational Autoencoders that we apply here to automated music composition. Using our metric, we demonstrate that our model can generate music pieces that follow general stylistic characteristics of a given composer or musical genre. Additionally, we use this measure to investigate the impact of various parameters and model architectures on the compositional process and output.
A recursive solution of Heisenberg's equation and its interpretation

We present the generalization of the recursion method of Haydock and co-workers to systems of many interacting particles. This new method has close similarities to the memory function or Mori formalism, but with some important differences. Heisenberg's equation for the time evolution of a microscopic operator is recursively transformed into a tridiagonal matrix equation. This equation resolves the operator into components corresponding to transitions of different energies. The projected spectrum of transitions has a continued fraction expansion given by the elements of the tridiagonal matrix. We show that for an appropriate choice of inner product this density of transitions obeys a generalization of the black body theorem of electromagnetism, in that it is exponentially insensitive to distant parts of the system. This implies that the projected density of transitions is computationally stable and can be calculated even in macroscopic many-body systems. We argue that the physical content of the density of transitions is determined by the nature of its singular points, such as discrete transitions, continuous spectrum, band edges and van Hove singularities.