Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Deep-Learning-Based Automated Identification and Visualization of Oral Cancer in Optical Coherence Tomography Images

Early detection and diagnosis of oral cancer are critical for a better prognosis, but accurate and automatic identification is difficult using the available technologies. Optical coherence tomography (OCT) can be used as diagnostic aid due to the advantages of high resolution and non-invasion. We aim to evaluate deep-learning-based algorithms for OCT images to assist clinicians in oral cancer screening and diagnosis. An OCT data set was first established, including normal mucosa, precancerous lesion, and oral squamous cell carcinoma. Then, three kinds of convolutional neural networks (CNNs) were trained and evaluated by using four metrics (accuracy, precision, sensitivity, and specificity). Moreover, the CNN-based methods were compared against machine learning approaches through the same dataset. The results show the performance of CNNs, with a classification accuracy of up to 96.76%, is better than the machine-learning-based method with an accuracy of 92.52%. Moreover, visualization of lesions in OCT images was performed and the rationality and interpretability of the model for distinguishing different oral tissues were evaluated. It is proved that the automatic identification algorithm of OCT images based on deep learning has the potential to provide decision support for the effective screening and diagnosis of oral cancer.
A Statistical Prosodic Model for Voice Conversion

Nowadays Text‐to‐Speech (TTS) systems adapt the output voice to the user and the corresponding application. The aim is a personalisation. Thereby, the user is set into familiar surroundings, increasing the TTS acceptance. For example, an e‐mail client that may read the incoming messages with the synthesised voice sounding like that of the sender. Such a personalised TTS system is costly; so, voice‐conversion (VC) techniques are used to save resources. VC transforms the voice of a ''source speaker'' in such a way that the converted voice sounds like that of another ''target speaker''. This voice sounds only natural, if it includes all features relevant for the true target voice. Here, a main problem is the mapping of the prosody which is one of the essential features. This contribution introduces a statistical prosodic model for voice conversion. It is based on Gaussian‐Mixture Models (GMM), trained for the pitch and the duration of diphones. To ensure sufficient data for the GMM training, seven diphone cl.
Grey box modelling of oxygen levels in a small stream

Data from a stream is used to identify a dynamic model of the oxygen level as a function of solar radiation and precipitation. The time series of the oxygen level is occasionally corrupted by pumping of external water into the stream, which is of no interest to the biological processes in the stream. In this paper a grey box modelling approach, which is a statistical method taking the known physical relations into account, is used. Using this approach, an identification of a stochastic continuous time model for the oxygen level based on the discrete time data, where the corrupted data are considered as missing values, is outlined.
Small Target Detection in a Radar Surveillance System Using Contractive Autoencoders

With the rapid development of unpiloted aerial vehicles (UAVs), also known as drones, in recent years, the need for surveillance systems that are able to detect drones has grown as well. Radar is the technology with the potential to fulfill this task, and several previous publications show examples of radar detection and classification schemes. The purpose of this article is related to the detection scheme used in these approaches. Most surveillance systems use a background subtraction and a threshold to detect targets. This threshold often depends on a model of the radar noise and the background, which is imperfect by nature. The approach presented here uses a data-driven machine learning algorithm that is trained with measured background profiles of the radar and is applied afterward to the given background for target detection. This scheme can in general be applied to any detection problem in a fixed area, but is shown here with examples from measurements of drones and persons. The results show that the chosen approach gives better detection rates for low false alarm rates with real data than that given by background subtraction.
Superconducting nanowire detector for interstitial null-seperation time-domain diffuse optical spectroscopy

We demonstrate a novel realization of Interstitial fiber, broadband, Time Domain Diffuse Optical Spectroscopy (TD-DOS) in Null Source-Detector separation (NSDS) approach without temporal gating, by using a Super-conducting Nanowire single photon detector (SNSPD) for acquisition. We test its feasibility by performing Monte Carlo simulations and comparing the absorption retrieval of the SNSPD with an ideal scenario and a standard Silicon Photomultiplier (SiPM). Consequently, as per the MEDPHOT protocol, we test experimentally, the absorption linearity of the system on tissue-equivalent liquid phantoms and demonstrate the scattering independent retrieval of the absorption spectrum of water using Intralipid phantoms in the wavelength range of 600-1100 nm.
Temperature Effects on Electrical Response of FinFET Transistors in the Static Regime

The aim of this work is to develop an electrothermal model capable of predicting the FinFET operating temperature in different drain and gate biases with different gate lengths. A new effective electron mobility that depends on mobility degradation due to phonon scattering, surface roughness, and to Colombian interaction is used to enhance the drift-diffusion (D-D) model. To better investigate the electrical characteristics, heat conduction equation is coupled with the D-D model. To achieve high evidence to the proposed model, the simulation of ID-VG and ID-VD is compared with experimental data and Monte Carlo (MC) simulation, and a good concordance is observed. The output characteristics degradation due to device temperature is analyzed. We demonstrated that a drain current of 1 mA/_m is obtained when the operating temperature is around 360 K for a 20-nm FinFET. The effect of FinFET biases on power dissipation and device temperature along the channel region and in the drain side channel region interface is investigated for 10- and 20-nm FinFET gate lengths. We found that: 1) the power dissipation is four times greater when the gate length decreases from 20 to 10 nm and 2) the critical temperature, which is responsible to vanish the drain current, is from 380 to 460 K for Lg = 20 and 10 nm, respectively. This work addresses a key reliability constraint for CMOS-based FinFET circuit designers while designing tuned gate and drain biases circuit.
The Lived Self-Care Experiences of Patients Undergoing Long-Term Haemodialysis: A Phenomenological Study

The study aims to understand the lived self-care experiences of patients who have undergone long-term haemodialysis. The study adopts a qualitative phenomenological design. Data were collected for six months, from 1 July to 31 December 2020. Out of 90 outpatients in a haemodialysis clinic at a university hospital in Seoul, Korea, 11 patients who had received haemodialysis for more than 10 years were purposefully selected, and 9 of them took part in in-depth interviews. The main research question was, ‘What was the experience of surviving long-term haemodialysis? ’ The study revealed four main themes surrounding the topic of self-care: (A) the desire to keep living despite challenges, (B) creating one’s own dietary principles, (C) moving one’s body with the remaining strength, and (D) moving toward independence. In the long-term self-care of haemodialysis patients, they shared personal observations on their disease and treatment process and their struggles to try to manage their own physical and emotional self-care. By exploring the experience of long-term haemodialysis, it is possible to gain a deeper understanding of their perceptions, emotions, and motivations. With this information, healthcare professionals can develop interventions and support strategies that are tailored to the specific needs of haemodialysis patients.
Style attention based global-local aware GAN for personalized facial caricature generation

Introduction Caricature is an exaggerated pictorial representation of a person, which is widely used in entertainment and political media. Recently, GAN-based methods achieved automatic caricature generation through transferring caricature style and performing shape exaggeration simultaneously. However, the caricature synthesized by these methods cannot perfectly reflect the characteristics of the subject, whose shape exaggeration are not reasonable and requires facial landmarks of caricature. In addition, the existing methods always produce the bad cases in caricature style due to the simpleness of their style transfer method. Methods In this paper, we propose a Style Attention based Global-local Aware GAN to apply the characteristics of a subject to generate personalized caricature. To integrate the facial characteristics of a subject, we introduce a landmark-based warp controller for personalized shape exaggeration, which employs the facial landmarks as control points to warp image according to its facial features, without requirement of the facial landmarks of caricature. To fuse the facial feature with caricature style appropriately, we introduce a style-attention module, which adopts an attention mechanism, instead of the simple Adaptive Instance Normalization (AdaIN) for style transfer. To reduce the bad cases and increase the quality of generated caricatures, we propose a multi-scale discriminator to both globally and locally discriminate the synthesized and real caricature, which improves the whole structure and realistic details of the synthesized caricature. Results Experimental results on two publicly available datasets, the WebCaricature and the CaVINet datasets, validate the effectiveness of our proposed method and suggest that our proposed method achieves better performance than the existing methods. Discussion The caricatures generated by the proposed method can not only preserve the identity of input photo but also the characteristic shape exaggeration for each person, which are highly close to the real caricatures drawn by real artists. It indicates that our method can be adopted in the real application.
Crosstalk problems in scanning-by-probe atomic force microscopy

Crosstalk problems in fixed optics scanning-by-probe atomic force microscopy are demonstrated by scanning a commercially available calibration grating. It is found that this scanning-by-probe scheme significantly distorts contact response detection, and may even indicate false cantilever deformation when the scanning unit grossly displaces an undeformed cantilever. A compensating electronic circuit that can successfully correct this distortion is presented.
SLocator: Localizing the Origin of SQL Queries in Database-Backed Web Applications

In database-backed web applications, developers often leverage Object-Relational Mapping (ORM) frameworks for database accesses. ORM frameworks provide an abstraction of the underlying database access details so that developers can focus on implementing the business logic of the application. However, due to the abstraction, developers may not know where and how a problematic SQL query is generated in the application code, causing challenges in debugging database access problems. In this paper, we propose an approach, called SLocator, which locates where a SQL query is generated in the application code. SLocator is a hybrid approach that leverages both static analysis and information retrieval (IR) techniques. SLocator uses static analysis to infer the database access for every possible path in the control flow graph. Then, given a SQL query, SLocator applies IR techniques to find the control flow path (i.e., a sequence of methods called in an interprocedural control flow graph) whose inferred database access has the highest similarity ranking. We implement SLocator for Java’s official ORM API specification (JPA) and evaluate SLocator on seven open source Java applications. We find that SLocator is able to locate the control flow path that generates a SQL query with a Top@1 accuracy ranging from 37.4% to 70% for SQL queries in sessions, and 30.7% to 69.2% for individual SQL queries; and Top@5 ranging from 78.3% to 95.5% for SQL queries in sessions, and 59.1% to 100% for individual SQL queries. We also conduct a study to illustrate how SLocator may be used for locating issues in the database access code.
IMPLEMENTATION OF WHISTLEBLOWING SYSTEM: GOOD CORPORATE GOVERNANCE, FUNDAMENTAL FACTORS, COMPANY RISK AND INVESTOR REACTION

One of the influencing factors for the implementation of this policy in Indonesia is the emergence of several cases of fraud that occurred in large companies in this country. The urgency of this research is (1). The implementation of the whistleblowing system in Indonesia is still a growing polemic, so many companies have not fully implemented this system. This research is a development of research conducted by Sulhani and Wardani (2017) with the addition of variables. The conclusion in this research is that the variables of the audit committee and internal audit have an effect on the implementation of the whistleblowing system. Meanwhile, the variables of board of commissioners, internal control system, managerial ownership, company risk, company size, and investor reactions have no effect on the implementation of the whistleblowing system. it can be seen that audit process has an influence on the implementation of the whistleblowing system.
Spoofing Attacks and Anti-Spoofing Methods for Face Authentication Over Smartphones

The ubiquitous usages of smartphones demand reliable mobile authentication systems, which are expected to play an indispensable role in protecting users' sensitive and private information. Among various mobile authentication mechanisms, face authentication (FA) has become the most popular choice on modern smartphones, owing to its excellent performance and user experience. Unfortunately, emerging advanced attacks have brought in severe security concerns against FA systems (e.g., privacy leakage, property damage), which have also triggered increased attention on face anti-spoofing designs. This article provides a concise review of the advanced face anti-spoofing systems over smartphones from a practical perspective. We first review the presentation attacks (PAs) toward FA systems and classify them according to the geometry and dynamic property of the presentation mediums. Then we survey the state-of-the-art presentation attack detection (PAD) approaches over smartphones and categorize these methods into four categories based on the cues they leverage. Furthermore, we present a comprehensive comparison of their advantages and disadvantages from various practical aspects. Finally, we provide recommendations for future directions. We hope our viewpoints would shed light on potential pathways for more reliable FA in the future.
Design and Analysis of Gallium Arsenide-Based Nanowire Using Coupled Non-Equilibrium Green Function for RF Hybrid Applications

This research work uses sp3d5s* tight-binding models to design and analyze the structural properties of group IV and III-V oriented, rectangular Silicon (Si) and Gallium Arsenide (GaAs) Nanowires (NWs). The electrical characteristics of the NWs, which are shielded with Lanthanum Oxide (La2O3) material and the orientation with z [001] using the Non-Equilibrium Green Function (NEGF) method, have been analyzed. The electrical characteristics and the parameters for the multi-gate nanowires have been realized. A nanowire comprises a heavily doped n+ donor source and drains doping and n-donor doping at the channel. The specified nanowire has a gate length and channel length of 15 nm each, a source-drain device length LSD = 35 nm, with La2O3 as 1 nm (gate dielectric oxide) each on the top and bottom of the core material (Si/GaAs). The Gate-All-Around (GAA) Si NW is superior with a high (ION/IOFF ratio) of 1.06 × 109, and a low leakage current, or OFF current (IOFF), of 3.84 × 10−14 A. The measured values of the mid-channel conduction band energy (Ec) and charge carrier density (ρ) at VG = VD = 0.5 V are −0.309 eV and 6.24 × 1023 C/cm3, respectively. The nanowires with hydrostatic strain have been determined by electrostatic integrity and increased mobility, making them a leading solution for upcoming technological nodes. The transverse dimensions of the rectangular nanowires with similar energy levels are realized and comparisons between Si and GaAs NWs have been performed.
Electrical transport and optical model of GaAs-AlInP core-shell nanowires

GaAs nanowires were passivated by AlInP shells grown by the Au-assisted vapor-liquid-solid method in a gas source molecular beam epitaxy system. Transmission electron microscopy confirmed a core-shell GaAs-AlInP structure. Current-voltage measurements on ensemble nanowires indicated improved carrier transport properties in the passivated nanowires as compared to their unpassivated counterpart. Similarly, individual nanowires showed improved photoluminescence intensity upon passivation. A detailed model is presented to quantify the observed improvements in nanowire conduction and luminescence in terms of a reduction in surface charge trap density and surface recombination velocity upon passivation. The model includes the effects of high-level injection, bulk recombination, and surface recombination. The model can be used as a tool for assessing various passivation methods.
A Latest-Paleoindian-Aged Pronghorn Trap in the Goshute Valley, Eastern Great Basin, USA

ABSTRACT We report the discovery of a large-scale artificial pronghorn (Antilocapra americana) trap located near Silver Zone Pass in the northern Goshute Valley, eastern Elko County, Nevada. Evidence comes from three closely related and closely spaced surface scatters of lithic artifacts called the Silver Zone Pass Complex. Two of the scatters represent a single kill zone, or corral, while the third represents an associated campsite. The assemblage of 282 bifacial points and fragments from the three scatters is characterized by short-stemmed Windust and Pinto forms, elsewhere dated to the early-mid Holocene, about 8500–7500 calendar years ago. With this discovery, we can firmly conclude that large-scale communal trapping of artiodactyls began in the eastern Great Basin 2000–3000 years earlier than previously thought, and is coincident with other significant changes in human technology, subsistence, and settlement documented for the Paleoindian-Archaic transition in the region.
Global caregiver perspectives on COVID-19 immunization in childhood cancer: A qualitative study

Introduction SARS-CoV-2 has led to an unprecedented pandemic where vulnerable populations, such as those with childhood cancer, face increased risk of morbidity and mortality. COVID-19 vaccines are a critical intervention to control the pandemic and ensure patient safety. This study explores global caregiver's perspectives related to COVID-19 immunization in the context of pediatric cancer management. Methods A mixed methods survey was developed based on consensus questions with iterative feedback from global medical professional and caregiver groups and distributed globally to caregivers of childhood cancer via electronic and paper routes. We present qualitative findings through inductive content analysis of caregiver free-text responses. Results A total of 184 participants provided qualitative responses, 29.3% of total survey respondents, with a total of 271 codes applied. Codes focused on themes related to safety and effectiveness (n = 95, 35.1%), logistics (n = 69, 25.5%), statements supporting or opposing vaccination (n = 55, 20.3%), and statements discussing the limited availability of information (n = 31, 11.4%). Within the theme of safety and effectiveness, safety itself was the most commonly used code (n = 66, 24.4% of total segments and 69.5% of safety and effectiveness codes), followed by risks versus benefits (n = 18, 18.9% of safety and effectiveness codes) and efficacy (n = 11, 11.6%). Discussion This study provides insights to guide healthcare professionals and caregiver peers in supporting families during the complex decision-making process for COVID-19 vaccination. These findings highlight the multidimensionality of concerns and considerations of caregivers of children with cancer regarding COVID-19 vaccination and suggest that certain perspectives transcend borders and cultures.
OBSERVATIONS ON THE FORMATION AND SPREAD OF PRECIPITATION IN CONVECTIVE CLOUDS

Abstract Data gathered by the Thunderstorm Project in Ohio during 1947, by use of a radar set AN/TPS–10, were analyzed to study the process of precipitation initiation in natural convective clouds. It is shown that about 60 per cent of all echoes first appeared at temperatures warmer than 0C. By use of RHI-data taken at intervals of time averaging about two minutes, the time history of precipitation in clouds was studied. Composite height vs. time curves show the rate of spread of the echoes. From these data it is concluded that, in middle latitudes, precipitation is frequently formed through a process involving only the liquid phase of water.
Accuracy of Population Validity and Cross-Validity Estimation: An Empirical Comparison of Formula-Based, Traditional Empirical, and Equal Weights Procedures

An empirical monte carlo study was performed using predictor and criterion data from 84,808 U.S. Air Force enlistees. 501 samples were drawn for each of seven sample size conditions: 25, 40, 60, 80, 100, 150, and 200. Using an eight-predictor model, 500 estimates for each of 9 validity and 11 cross-validity estimation procedures were generated for each sample size condition. These estimates were then compared to the actual squared population validity and cross-validity in terms of mean bias and mean squared bias. For the regression models determined using ordinary least squares, the Ezekiel procedure produced the most accurate estimates of squared population validity (followed by the Smith and the Wherry procedures), and Burket’s formula resulted in the best estimates of squared population cross-validity. Other analyses compared the coefficients determined by traditional empirical cross-validation and equal weights; equal weights resulted in no loss of predictive accuracy and less shrinkage. Numerous issues for future basic research on validation and cross-validation are identified.