Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Observation of the field-free orientation of a symmetric-top molecule by terahertz laser pulses at high temperature

We investigate experimentally and numerically the field-free orientation of the symmetric top molecule of methyl-iodide at high temperature using a terahertz radiation generated by a plasma induced by a two-color laser beam. The degree of orientation is measured from the free-induction decay emitted by the sample. The observed experimental signal is reproduced with a good accuracy by numerical simulations.
THE SCALING RELATIONS AND STAR FORMATION LAWS OF MINI-STARBURST COMPLEXES

The scaling relations and star formation laws for molecular cloud complexes (MCCs) in the Milky Way are investigated. MCCs are mostly large (R > 50 pc), massive (∼106 ) gravitationally unbound cloud structures. We compare their masses , mass surface densities , radii R, velocity dispersions σ, star formation rates (SFRs), and SFR densities with those of structures ranging from cores, clumps, and giant molecular clouds, to MCCs, and galaxies, spanning eight orders of magnitudes in size and 13 orders of magnitudes in mass. This results in the following universal relations: Variations in the slopes and coefficients of these relations are found at individual scales, signifying different physics acting at different scales. Additionally, there are breaks at the MCC scale in the relation and between starburst and normal star-forming objects in the and – relations. Therefore, we propose to use the Schmidt–Kennicutt diagram to distinguish starburst from normal star-forming structures by applying a threshold of ∼100 pc−2 and a threshold of 1 yr−1 kpc−2. Mini-starburst complexes are gravitationally unbound MCCs that have enhanced (>1 yr−1 kpc−2), probably caused by dynamic events such as radiation pressure, colliding flows, or spiral arm gravitational instability. Because of dynamical evolution, gravitational boundedness does not play a significant role in regulating the star formation activity of MCCs, especially the mini-starburst complexes, which leads to the dynamical formation of massive stars and clusters. We emphasize the importance of understanding mini-starbursts in investigating the physics of starburst galaxies.
A new construction of semi-free actions on Menger manifolds

A new construction of semi-free actions on Menger manifolds is presented. As an application we prove a theorem about simultaneous coexistence of countably many semi-free actions of compact metric zero-dimensional groups with the prescribed fixed-point sets: Let G be a compact metric zerodimensional group, represented as the direct product of subgroups Gi, M a μ nmanifold and ν(M) (resp., Σ(M)) its pseudo-interior (resp., pseudo-boundary). Then, given closed subsets Xi, i ≥ 1, of M , there exists a G-action on M such that (1) ν(M) and Σ(M) are invariant subsets of M ; and (2) each Xi is the fixed point set of any element g ∈ Gi \ {e}.
Reduction of the Delays Within an Intrusion Detection System (IDS) Based on Software Defined Networking (SDN)

Software Defined Networking (SDN) is a very useful tool not only to manage networks but also to increase network security, in particular by implementing Intrusion Detection Systems (IDS) directly into the SDN architecture. The implementation of IDS within the SDN paradigm can simplify the implementation, speed up incident responses, and, in general, allow to promptly react to cyber attacks through proper countermeasures. Nevertheless, embedding IDS within SDN also introduces delays that cannot be tolerated in specific network environments, like industrial control systems. This paper focuses on the implementation of an IDS based on Machine Learning (ML) algorithms into an SDN architecture and proposes a very practical approach to reduce the delay by using the sequential implementation of prototypes of increasing software and hardware complexity so allowing quick tests to highlight the main problems, solve them and pass to the next operative step. A fully validated performance evaluation is then shown by exploiting all the presented solutions and by using further improved hardware features. The overall performance is very good and compliant with most, even if not yet all, industrial control systems constraints. Results show how the proposed solutions provide a significant improvement of the latency so opening the door to a real implementation in the field.
Survival of molecular gas in cavities of transition disks - I. CO

(Abridged) Planet formation is closely related to the structure and dispersal of protoplanetary disks. A certain class of disks, called transition disks, exhibit cavities in dust images at scales of up to a few 10s of AU. The formation mechanism of the cavities is still unclear. The gas content of such cavities can be spatially resolved for the first time using the Atacama Large Millimeter/submillimeter Array (ALMA). We have developed a new series of models to simulate the physical conditions and chemical abundances of the gas in cavities to address the question whether the gas is primarily atomic or molecular inside the dust free cavities exposed to intense UV radiation. Molecular/atomic line emission by carbon monoxide (CO), its isotopologues (13CO, C18O, C17O, and 13C18O) and related species ([CI], [CII], and [OI]) is predicted for comparison with ALMA and the Herschel Space Observatory. The gas can remain in molecular form down to very low amounts of gas in the cavity. Shielding of the stellar radiation by a dusty inner disk (pre-transition disk) allows CO to survive down to lower gas masses in the cavity. The main parameter for the CO emission from cavity is the gas mass. Other parameters such as the outer disk mass, bolometric luminosity, shape of the stellar spectrum or PAH abundance are less important. Since the CO pure rotational lines readily become optically thick, the CO isotopologues need to be observed in order to quantitatively determine the amount of gas in the cavity. A wide range of gas masses in the cavity of transition disks (~4 orders of magnitude) can be probed using combined observations of CO isotopologue lines with ALMA. Measuring the gas mass in the cavity will ultimately help to distinguish between different cavity formation theories.
Estimations in a Skewed Double Weibull Distribution

We obtain a skewed double Weibull distribution by a double Weibull distribution, and evaluate its coefficient of skewness. And we obtain the approximate maximum likelihood estimator(AML) and moment estimator of skew parameter in the skewed double Weibull distribution, and hence compare simulated mean squared errors(MSE) of those estimators. We compare simulated MSE of two proposed reliability estimators in two independent skewed double Weibull distributions each with different skew parameters. Finally we introduce a skewed double Weibull distribution generated by a uniform kernel.
1 / f noise: Implications for solid-state quantum information

The efficiency of the future devices for quantum information processing will be limited mostly by the finite decoherence rates of the individual qubits and quantum gates. Recently, substantial progress was achieved in enhancing the time within which a solid-state qubit demonstrates coherent dynamics. This progress is based mostly on a successful isolation of the qubits from external decoherence sources obtained by clever engineering. Under these conditions, the material-inherent sources of noise start to play a crucial role. In most cases, quantum devices are affected by noise decreasing with frequency, f, approximately as 1/f. According to the present point of view, such noise is due to material- and device-specific microscopic degrees of freedom interacting with quantum variables of the nanodevice. The simplest picture is that the environment that destroys the phase coherence of the device can be thought of as a system of two-state fluctuators, which experience random hops between their states. If the hopping times are distributed in a exponentially broad domain, the resulting fluctuations have a spectrum close to 1/f in a large frequency range. In this paper we review the current state of the theory of decoherence due to degrees of freedom producing 1/f noise. We discuss basic mechanisms of such noises in various nanodevices and then review several models describing the interaction of the noise sources with quantum devices. The main focus of the review is to analyze how the 1/f noise destroys their coherent operation. We start from individual qubits concentrating mostly on the devices based on superconductor circuits, and then discuss some special issues related to more complicated architectures. Finally, we consider several strategies for minimizing the noise-induced decoherence.
Spectrum evolution in binary pulsar B1259−63/LS 2883 Be star and gigahertz‐peaked spectra

We study the radio spectrum of PSR B1259−63 orbiting around the Be star LS 2883 and show that the shape of the spectrum depends on the orbital phase. At frequencies below 3 GHz, PSR B1259−63 flux densities are lower when measured near the periastron passage than those measured far from periastron. We suggest that an interaction of the radio waves with the Be star environment accounts for this effect. While it is quite natural to explain the pulsar eclipse by the presence of an equatorial disc around LS 2883, this disc alone cannot be responsible for the observed spectral evolution of PSR B1259−63 and we, therefore, propose a qualitative model which explains this evolution. We consider two mechanisms that might influence the observed radio emission: free–free absorption and cyclotron resonance. We believe that this binary system can hold the clue to the understanding of gigahertz-peaked spectra of pulsars.
Mathematical Statistics and Stochastic Processes

Generally, books on mathematical statistics are restricted to the case of independent identically distributed random variables. In this book however, both this case AND the case of dependent variables, i.e. statistics for discrete and continuous time processes, are studied. This second case is very important for today’s practitioners. Mathematical Statistics and Stochastic Processes is based on decision theory and asymptotic statistics and contains up-to-date information on the relevant topics of theory of probability, estimation, confidence intervals, non-parametric statistics and robustness, second-order processes in discrete and continuous time and diffusion processes, statistics for discrete and continuous time processes, statistical prediction, and complements in probability. This book is aimed at students studying courses on probability with an emphasis on measure theory and for all practitioners who apply and use statistics and probability on a daily basis.
University Students’ Video Gaming: Reasons, Preferences, and Behavioural Effects

: Research on players’ reasons for video gaming, their video game preferences, and the behavioural effects of video gaming on the players tends to study those issues separately. This study attempts to explore all those issues collectively with the aim of facilitating game designers to develop appealing educational games for university students without inflicting negative behavioural impacts on the students. Relevant data from 100 undergraduates were collected from an online survey. Cluster analysis of the eight major reasons for playing video games resulted in grouping the respondents into five clusters. The cluster that rated peer effect as the major reason for playing is male-dominated whereas the cluster that rated family influence as the major reason is female-dominated. A similar analysis of the respondents’ video game genre preferences reveals that the cluster favouring fighting and battle games is male-dominated, whereas the cluster favouring family entertainment games is female-dominated. Both genders enjoy playing challenging adventure-strategy games. Most respondents perceived that their cognitive functioning had improved through video gaming, but no conclusion can be drawn as to whether video gaming can improve their social and psychological functioning. Except for poor sleeping habits, most respondents had not experienced any significant negative effects from playing video games. No statistical evidence supports that playing violent video games would induce aggressive behaviours. As games that involve a high demand for players’ motor skills may not be a good choice for educational games and violent games may induce poor sleep quality, it is concluded that challenging adventure games and strategy games are suitable educational game genres for undergraduate students.
A Non-Idealities Aware Software–Hardware Co-Design Framework for Edge-AI Deep Neural Network Implemented on Memristive Crossbar

In this work, a non-idealities aware software-hardware co-design framework for deep neural network (DNN) implemented on memristive crossbar is presented. The device level non-ideal factors such as device conductance variation, nonuniform quantization levels, device-to-device variation and programming failure probability are included in the model. At array level, the impact of line resistance and sneak path are considered using a new fast and accurate line resistance estimation model. The non-linearity and offset of the peripheral circuits are also considered. By incorporating these factors into a unified DNN training process, the neural network performance can be evaluated holistically. Furthermore, the proposed training process can effectively mitigate the impact of these non-idealities and reduce the inference accuracy degradations. Implemented in a hybrid fashion of Python and PyTorch, the proposed framework is evaluated with a simplified 5-layer VGG network implemented on measured $128\times 128$ RRAM array with 3-level weight resolution. For CIFAR-10 tasks, 83% inference accuracy is achieved with less than 3% accuracy drop compared to the ideal model.
Birth of spinal muscular atrophy unaffected baby from genetically at-risk parents following a pre-implantation genetic screening: A case report

Abstract Background Spinal muscular atrophy (SMA) is characterized by the homozygous deletion of the survival motor neuron-1 gene. Pre-implantation genetic testing for monogenic diseases through in-vitrofertilization program was developed to provide a reliable genetic diagnostic method for SMA. Case presentation The couple who was confirmed as carriers of SMA visited the Morula IVF Clinic, Jakarta, Indenesia seeking for an in-vitro fertilization expert opinion in relation to the pre-implantation genetic testing for SMA. Utilizing polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism, we have successfully screened for unaffected embryos that were characterized by a normal presence of the survival motor neuron-1 exon 7-8 and survival motor neuron-2 exon 7-8. The frozen embryo was subsequently transferred and a healthy unaffected female baby was born with undetected deletion of the survival motor neuron-1 gene. Conclusion This successful embryo pre-implantation screening case could potentially accommodate the demands of genetically at-risk couples who are apprehensive about conceiving a child who might inherit monogenic disorders such as SMA.
Electromagnetic fields produced by moving sources in a curved beam pipe

A new geometrical perturbation scheme is developed in order to calculate the electromagnetic fields produced by charged sources in prescribed motion moving in a nonstraight perfectly conducting beam pipe. The pipe is regarded as a perturbed infinitely long hollow right-circular cylinder. The perturbation maintains the pipe’s circular cross section while deforming its axis into a planar space curve with, in general, nonconstant curvature. Various charged source models are considered including a charged bunch and an off-axis point particle. In the ultrarelativistic limit this permits a calculation of the longitudinal wake potential in terms of powers of the product of the pipe radius and the arbitrarily varying curvature of the axial space curve. Analytic expressions to leading order are presented for beam pipes with piecewise defined constant curvature modeling pipes with straight segments linked by circular arcs of finite length. The language of differential forms is used throughout, and to illustrate the.
3D Object Detection Algorithm Based on the Reconstruction of Sparse Point Clouds in the Viewing Frustum

In response to the problem that the detection precision of the current 3D object detection algorithm is low when the object is severely occluded, this study proposes an object detection algorithm based on the reconstruction of sparse point clouds in the viewing frustum. The algorithm obtains more local feature information of the sparse point clouds in the viewing frustum through dimensional expansion, performs the fusion of local and global feature information of the point cloud data to obtain point cloud data with more complete semantic information, and then applies the obtained data to the 3D object detection task. The experimental results show that the precision of object detection in both 3D view and BEV (Bird’s Eye View) can be improved effectively through the algorithm, especially object detection of moderate and hard levels when the object is severely occluded. In the 3D view, the average precision of the 3D detection of cars, pedestrians, and cyclists at a moderate level can be increased by 7.1p. p., 16.39p. p., and 5.42p. p., respectively; in BEV, the average precision of the 3D detection of car, pedestrians, and cyclists at hard level can be increased by 6.51p. p., 16.57p. p., and 7.18p. p., respectively, thus indicating the effectiveness of the algorithm.
Quasi-Random Sampling Importance Resampling and its convergence

The Sampling/Importance Resampling (SIR) algorithm can be used for generating representative point sets from a distribution known up to a multiplicative constant. Moreover, the Quasi-random Sampling Importance Resampling (QSIR) scheme, based on quasi-Monte Carlo methods, is a recent modification of the SIR algorithm and was empirically shown to have better convergence. We present error convergence results for QSIR that we obtained using quasiMonte Carlo theory.
The C IV Absorption-Mg II Kinematics Connection in ⟨z⟩ ~ 0.7 Galaxies

We have examined Faint Object Spectrograph data from the Hubble Space Telescope archive for C IV λλ1548, 1550 absorption associated with 40 Mg II λλ2796, 2803 absorption-selected galaxies at 0.4 ≤ z ≤ 1.4. We report a strong correlation between Mg II kinematics, measured in ~6 km s-1 resolution HIRES/Keck spectra, and Wr(1548); this implies a physical connection between the processes that produce "outlying velocity" Mg II clouds and high-ionization galactic/halo gas. We found no trend in ionization condition Wr(1548)/Wr(2796) with galaxy-QSO line-of-sight separation for 13 systems with confirmed associated galaxies, suggesting no obvious ionization gradient with galactocentric distance in these intermediate-redshift galaxies. We find tentative evidence (2 σ) that Wr(1548)/Wr(2796) is anticorrelated with galaxy B-K color; if further data corroborate this trend, in view of the strong C IV-Mg II kinematics correlation, it could imply a connection between stellar populations, star formation episodes, and the kinematics and ionization conditions of halo gas at z ~ 1.
Deconstructing social exclusions: The practice of digital activities among disabled people in China

This study focuses on the experiences of disabled individuals in online activism in the context of China. Adopting the social model of disability, this study found an iceberg structure consisting of two levels and three layers. The explicit level included observed labels, attitudes and legislation. The implicit level involved both social and internalized stereotypes. These three layers of social structures interacted with each other and together brought about social exclusion into being. Adopting the social model as an organizing principle represents a starting point to alter social patterns and possibly change social isolation.
The dangers of being trigger-happy

We examine the evidence offered for triggered star formation against the backdrop provided by recent numerical simulations of feedback from massive stars at or below giant molecular cloud sizescales. We compile a catalogue of sixty--seven observational papers, mostly published over the last decade, and examine the signposts most commonly used to infer the presence of triggered star formation. We then determine how well these signposts perform in a recent suite of hydrodynamic simulations of star formation including feedback from O--type stars performed by Dale et al (2012a, b, 2013a, b, 2014). We find that none of the observational markers improve the chances of correctly identifying a given star as triggered by more than factors of two at most. This limits the fidelity of these techniques in interpreting star formation histories. We therefore urge caution in interpreting observations of star formation near feedback--driven structures in terms of triggering.
SHORT HARD GAMMA-RAY BURSTS AND THEIR AFTERGLOWS

Long-duration gamma-ray bursts (GRBs) and X-ray flashes (XRFs) are produced by highly relativistic jets ejected in core-collapse supernova (SN) explosions. The origin of short hard gamma-ray bursts (SHBs) has not been established. They may be produced by highly relativistic jets ejected in various processes: mergers of compact stellar objects, large-mass accretion episodes onto compact stars in close binaries or onto intermediate-mass black holes in dense stellar regions, phase transition in compact stars. Natural environments of such events are the dense cores of globular clusters, super star clusters and young SN remnants. We have used the cannonball model of GRBs to analyze all Swift SHBs with a well-sampled X-ray afterglow. We show that their prompt gamma-ray emission can be explained by inverse Compton scattering (ICS) of the progenitor's glory light and their extended soft emission component by either ICS of high-density radiation or synchrotron radiation (SR) in the high-density medium within the star cluster. The mechanism generating their afterglow is SR outside the cluster. No associated SN could be detected in the low luminosity nearby GRBs 060614 and 060505. We interpret them as SHBs seen relatively far off-axis.
Decay constants of heavy pseudoscalar mesons from QCD sum rules

We revisit the sum-rule extraction of the decay constants of the D, Ds, B and Bs mesons from the two-point correlator of heavy? light pseudoscalar currents. We use the operator product expansion of this correlator expressed in terms of the heavy-quark mass for which the perturbative expansion exhibits a reasonable convergence. Our main emphasis is laid on the control over the uncertainties in the decay constants, related both to the input quantum chromodynamics (QCD) parameters and to the limited intrinsic accuracy of the method of QCD sum rules. This becomes possible due to the application of our procedure of extracting hadron observables that involves as novel feature dual thresholds depending on the Borel parameter. For charmed mesons, we find the decay constants and . For beauty mesons, the decay constants turn out to be extremely sensitive to the precise value of . By requiring our sum-rule estimate to match the average of the lattice results for fB, a very accurate value is extracted, leading to fB = (193.4 ? 12.3(OPE) ? 4.3(syst))? MeV and .