Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Petrography of impact glasses and melt breccias from the El'gygytgyn impact structure, Russia

The El'gygytgyn impact structure, 18 km in diameter and 3.6 Ma old, in Arctic Siberia, Russia, is the only impact structure on Earth mostly excavated in acidic volcanic rocks. The Late Cretaceous volcanic target includes lavas, tuffs, and ignimbrites of rhyolitic, dacitic, and andesitic composition, and local occurrence of basalt. Although the ejecta blanket around the crater is nearly completely eroded, bomb‐shaped impact glasses, redeposited after the impact event, occur in lacustrine terraces within the crater. Here we present detailed petrographic descriptions of newly collected impact glass‐bearing samples. The observed features contribute to constrain the formation of the melt and its cooling history within the framework of the impact process. The collected samples can be grouped into two types, characterized by specific features: (1) “pure” glasses, containing very few clasts or new crystals and which were likely formed during the early stages of cratering and (2) a second type, which represents composite samples with impact melt breccia lenses embedded in silicate glass. These mixed samples probably resulted from inclusion of unmelted impact debris during ejection and deposition. After deposition the glassy portions continued to deform, whereas the impact melt breccia inclusions that probably had already cooled down behaved as rigid bodies in the flow.
Effect of Persimmon Peel (Diospyros kaki Thumb.) Extracts on Lipid and Protein Oxidation of Raw Ground Pork During Refrigerated Storage

The inhibition effect of persimmon peel extracts (PPE) (0.05(PPE-0.05), 0.1(PPE-0.1), and 0.2 g(PPE-0.2) per meat sample) on lipid and protein oxidation of pork patties during chilled storage for 12 days were investigated and compared to ascorbic acid (As-0.05) and butylhydroxytoluene (BHT) (BHT-0.01). The meat samples treated with PPE had greater (p<0.05) a* values comparing control in raw pork patties meat from day 4 of storage. The addition of PPE at all concentrations on meat samples effectively inhibited the formation of oxidation products as shown by decreasing conjugated dienes (CD), peroxide values (POVs), thiobarbituric acid reaction substances (TBARS), and carbonyl content during chilled storage for 12 d. The PPE-0.2 and BHT-0.01 had the lowest in decrease rate of free thiol content (0.24 and 0.22 times) during chilled storage. Therefore, results of this study suggest that PPE can be considered a potential antioxidant against lipid and protein oxidation of raw meat products.
Lidar observations of volcanic dust over Polish Polar Station at Hornsund after eruptions of Eyjafjallajökull and Grímsvötn

Two significant volcanic eruptions, i.e., Eyjafjallajökull (April–May 2010) and Grímsvötn (May 2011) took place recently in Iceland. Within a few days after eruptions, layers of high aerosol concentration have been observed by multiwavelength lidar of the Polish Polar Station at Hornsund, Svalbard. Measurements of the aerosol’s optical properties indicated a possible presence of volcanic ash transported over the Station. The latter presumption was confirmed by the computed backward trajectories of air masses, showing their paths passing over the location of volcanoes.
Microbes in caves: agents of calcite corrosion and precipitation

Abstract Diverse biogenic and abiogenic processes produce calcite speleothems. From a biogenic perspective, cave microbes mediate a wide range of destructive and constructive processes that collectively influence the growth of calcite speleothems and their internal fabrics. Destructive processes include substrate breakdown by dissolution, boring and residue micrite production, whereas constructive processes include microbe calcification, trapping and binding of detrital particles to substrates, and microbial induced calcite precipitation. Biogenesis can be established from: (1) the presence of mineralized microbes; (2) fabrics, such as stromatolite-like structures, that can be attributed to microbial activity; and/or (3) geochemical proxies (carbon and oxygen isotopes, lipid biomarkers) considered indicative of microbe activity. Such criteria have, for example, been used to demonstrate microbial involvement in the formation of pool fingers, stalactites/stalagmites, cave pisoliths and moonmilk. Nevertheless, absolute proof of microbial biogenesis in calcitic speleothems is commonly difficult because taphonomic processes and/or diagenetic processes commonly mask evidence of microbial activity. The assumption that calcitic speleothems are abiogenic, which has been tacitly assumed in many studies, is dangerous as there is clear evidence that microbes thrive in most caves and can directly and indirectly influence calcite precipitation in many different ways.
Discriminant Analysis as a Tool for the Distinction of Quaternary Sediments in the Region of Djurdjevac

Discriminant analysis of Quaternary sediments in the region of Djurdjevac was performed in order to determine the optimum criteria for distinguishing between previously established groups of deposits. Geological properties utilized in the procedure of discrimination are represented by the results of modal analysis. Among the seven groups related to the Quaternary sediments of the Drava river depression, only three proved to be distinctive; Pleistocene alluvial deposits (Q1), Pleistocene loess (lQ1), and Holocene deluvium (dQ2), while others proved to be modally uniform. The close relationship between characteristic minerals and individual genetic groups (Quaternary facies) proved to be useful in labelling the most prominent discriminant functions, thus equipping them with particular sedimentological meaning. Three of the six functions indicated the provenance of the source material, as well as conditions of transport and sedimentation within the Quaternary sedimentary cycle of the studied part of the Drava river depression in the Pannonian basin.
U‐Pb ages of detrital zircons in Pacheco Pass metagraywackes: Sierran‐Klamath source of mid‐Cretaceous and Late Cretaceous Franciscan deposition and underplating

Using laser ablation ICP‐MS techniques, U‐Pb ages are reported for 338 detrital zircons separated from four Franciscan metagraywacke samples from imbricate thrust sheets cropping out in the Pacheco Pass area, east central California Coast Ranges. Structurally higher slabs are clastic quartz ± albite‐bearing rocks typified by neoblastic lawsonite + jadeitic pyroxene; the lowest exposed slab lacks jadeitic pyroxene but contains traces of newly grown pumpellyite and lawsonite in addition to abundant quartz + albite. Studied specimens contain moderate amounts of phengite + titanite ± chlorite, stilpnomelane, carbonate, iron oxides, rock fragments, and carbonaceous matter. These Diablo Range clastic sediments were deposited in mid‐Cretaceous and Late Cretaceous time. The highest allochthon, unit I, was deposited after ∼102 Ma, unit IV was deposited after ∼90–102 Ma, and unit V was deposited after ∼86 Ma. Metagraywacke depositional‐accretionary ages within slab IV young upward, but ages of the slabs decrease progressively downward. In the four‐sample aggregate, most zircons have igneous ages falling in the 135–170 Ma range, with a smaller population at 85–120 Ma. The rocks contain rare zircons of Middle Proterozoic–Late Archean ages. A minor source in northern California and NW Nevada seems likely for the Pacheco Pass metagraywackes, but the Sierran‐Klamath calcalkaline arc provided most of the clastic debris. Judging by the volcanic nature of lithic clasts in these Eastern Belt metagraywackes, and because massive Sierran plutonism occurred at ∼85–120 Ma, the abundant 135–170 Ma zircons probably were derived chiefly from the eroding comagmatic volcanic arc rather than from the less voluminous Jurassic arc plutons.
The solid solution between platinum and palladium in nature

Abstract Chemical and structural data are reported for platinum-palladium intermediates from two nuggets found at Córrego Bom Sucesso, Minas Gerais, Brazil. Three grains with simple stoichiometries (i.e. PtxPd1−x with x ~0.67, ~0.5 and ~0.33, which correspond to Pt2Pd, PtPd and PtPd2, respectively) were characterized by single-crystal X-ray diffraction and electron-probe microanalysis. In the absence of single-crystal data it might be tempting to hypothesize that such simple stoichiometries represent distinct mineral species, however structural analyses show that all of the phases are cubic and crystallize in space group Fm3̅m. They are, therefore, natural intermediates in the palladium-platinum solid solution. Reflectance and micro-hardness values are reported for the samples and a comparison with the pure metallic elements made. On the basis of information gained from the chemical and structural characterization it can be concluded that there is a complete solid solution between Pt and Pd in nature. These findings corroborate results from experiments on synthetic compounds.
1,4-Bis(5-methyl-1H-1,2,4-triazol-3-yl)benzene tetrahydrate

In the title compound, C12H12N6·4H2O, the two triazole rings adopt a cis configuration with a crystallographic twofold axis passing through the central benzene group. The benzene and triazole rings are almost coplanar with a dihedral angle of 5.5 (1)°. In the crystal, water molecules are joined together by OW—H⋯OW hydrogen bonds to form a one-dimensional zigzag chain. These water chains are further connected to the organic molecule, forming a three-dimensional network by intermolecular OW—H⋯N and N—H⋯OW hydrogen bonds. Moreover, π–π stacking interactions between triazole rings [centroid–centroid distances = 3.667 (1)–3.731 (1) Å] are observed. One of the water molecules shows one of the H atoms to be disordered over two positions.
Spatial and temporal variability of snow accumulation using ground-penetrating radar and ice cores on a Svalbard glacier

A 50 MHz ground-penetrating radar was used to detect horizontal layers in the snowpack along a longitudinal profile on Nordenskjoldbreen, a Svalbard glacier. The profile passed two shallow and one deep ice-core sites. Two internal radar reflection layers were dated using parameters measured in the deep core. Radar travel times were converted to water equivalent, yielding snow-accumulation rates along the profile for three time periods: 1986-99, 1963-99 and 1963-86. The results show 40-60% spatial variability in snow accumulation over short distances along the profile. The average annual accumulation rate for 1986-99 was found to be about 12% higher than for the period 1963-86, which indicates increased accumulation in the late 1980s and 1990s.
Tectonometamorphic evolution of the Sebadani eclogitic metagabbro and the Sambagawa schists, central Shikoku, Japan: 40Ar/39Ar mineral age constraints

The Sambagawa metamorphic belt exposed in central Shikoku records a high-P–T metamorphic event. It is represented by the Oboke nappe and structurally overlying, internally imbricated, Besshi nappe complex. These major structural units are in ductile thrust contact. A melange is developed along a ductile internal tectonic contact within the Besshi nappe complex. Tectonic emplacement of a high-T enclave (Sebadani eclogite) in the melange zone resulted in the development of a contact metamorphic aureole within the host Sambagawa rocks. 36Ar/40Ar versus 39Ar/40Ar isotope correlation ages recorded by hornblende from the Sambagawa basic schists which surround the Sebadani enclave are 83.4 ± 0.3 Ma (within contact aureole) and 83.6 ± 0.5 Ma (outside aureole). 40Ar/39Ar plateau ages recorded by muscovite from the same samples are 87.9 ± 0.3 and 89.3 ± 0.4 Ma. Amphibole from the amphibolite within the Sebadani enclave records isotope correlation ages of 93.7 ± 1.1 and 96.5 ± 0.7 Ma (massive interior) and 84.6 ± 1.2 Ma (marginal shear zone). Amphibole within the massive amphibolite is significantly higher in XMg than that within the host Sambagawa basic schists. The older ages recorded by amphibole within the Sebadani enclave are interpreted to date cooling through somewhat higher closure temperatures than which characterize the more Fe-rich amphibole in surrounding schists. The younger amphibole age recorded within the marginal shear zone probably indicates that crystallization of amphibole continued until cooling through the relatively lower amphibole closure temperatures. These results, together with the previously published 40Ar/39Ar ages of the Sambagawa schists, suggest: (i) metamorphic culmination occurred in the Besshi nappe complex at c. 100–90 Ma; (ii) at c. 95 Ma the Besshi nappe complex was internally imbricated and tectonic enclaves were emplaced; (iii) at c. 85 Ma, the composite Besshi nappe was rapidly exhumed and tectonically emplaced over the Oboke nappe (which attained peak metamorphic conditions at c. 75 Ma); (iv) the Besshi and Oboke nappe complexes were further exhumed as a coherent tectonic unit and unconformably overlain by the Eocene Kuma Group at c. 50 Ma.
Secondary Carbonate Porosity as Related to Early Tertiary Depositional Facies, Zelten Field, Libya

Production from the Zelten field, Libya, is from the highly porous shelf limestones of the Zelten Member ("Main Pay") of the Paleocene and lower Eocene Ruaga Limestone. Fifteen facies are recognized, mapped, and predicted. Seven of the facies comprise the larger part of the Zelten Member. These include miliolid-foraminiferal micrite, argillaceous bryozoan/echinoid micrite, argillaceous-molluscan micrite, coralgal micrite, Discocyclina-foraminiferal calcarenite, foraminiferal calcarenite and micrite, and Discocyclina-foraminiferal micrite. In the Zelten field secondary porosity is recorded as much as 40 percent; this porosity is related to the original depositional fabric of the sediment and is, therefore, facies controlled. Porosity is highest in the coralgal micrite and Discocyclina-foraminiferal calcarenite, which together form a northwest-southeast trend across the northern part of the field, and in the foraminiferal calcarenite and micrite. The rocks of these three facies primarily are grain supported with a micrite matrix in which the primary carbonate mud porosity was preserved because of the lack of compaction. Subsequent leaching by ground water through these porous zones probably enlarged the primary mud porosity and greatly altered the original carbonate texture. Porosity is lowest in the miliolid-foraminifer l-micrite and argillaceous bryozoan/echinoid micrite facies, both of which are blanketlike in distribution over the top of the field and are the caprock for the reservoir. Porosity also is low in the argillaceous molluscan-micritic facies that forms a lens-shaped body in the southern part of the field southwest of the coralgal-micrite and Discocyclina-foraminiferal-calcarenite facies. A thick dolomite in the lower part of the Zelten Member is restricted to the area south of the trend formed by the coralgal micrite and Discocyclina-foraminiferal calcarenite. Thus, these sediments probably were deposited in a lagoonal area more susceptible to dolomitization. The coincidence of the dolomite and its off-structure position, however, leaves open the possibility for structural control.
Entropy Flow-Aided Navigation

Integrating the visual navigation mechanism of flying insects with a nonlinear Kalman filter, this paper proposes a novel navigation algorithm. New concepts of entropic map and entropy flow are presented, which can characterize topographic features and measure changes of the image respectively. Meanwhile, an auto-selecting algorithm of assessment threshold is proposed to improve computational accuracy and efficiency of global motion estimation. The simulation results suggest that the navigation algorithm can perform real-time rectification of the missile's trajectory well, and can reduce the cost of the missile's hardware.
A novel fusion method for multiple medical microscopic images based on background brightness adjustment

This paper presents a novel fusion method which is based on background brightness adjustment for multiple medical microscopic images. In this process, the background of each microscopic image is separated using the intensity histogram of the image in HSI color space firstly. The ratio and the difference between a selected reference intensity and the average background intensity of each image are calculated. Then, according to the ratio and the difference, the intensity and the saturation of each image are adjusted respectively. Finally, the overlap region between adjacent images is fused by linearly variable weights in RGB color space. The results of experiments indicate that the method can availably remove the differences in brightness and color between images, and generate a satisfactory mosicked image.
Evaluating overland flow sediment transport capacity

An equation for evaluating the sediment transport capacity of overland flow is a necessary part of a physically based soil erosion model describing sediment detachment and transport as distributed processes. At first, for the hydraulic conditions of small-scale and large-scale roughness, the sediment transport capacity relationship used in the WEPP model is calibrated by Yalin and Govers' equation. The analysis shows that the transport coefficient Kt depends on the Shields parameter, Y, according to a semi-logarithmic (Yalin) or a linear (Govers) equation. The reliability of the semi-logarithmic equation is verified by Smart's, and Aziz and Scott's experimental data. Then the Low's formula, whose applicability is also proved by Smart's, and Aziz and Scott's data, is transformed as a stream power equation in which a stream power coefficient, KSP, depending on Shields parameter, slope, sediment and water-specific weight, appears. A relationship between transport capacity and effective stream power is also proposed. Finally, the influence of rainfall on sediment transport capacity and the prediction of critical shear stress corresponding to overland flow are examined. © 1998 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Genetic Ablation of Ankrd1 Mitigates Cardiac Damage during Experimental Autoimmune Myocarditis in Mice

Myocarditis (MC) is an inflammatory disease of the myocardium that can cause sudden death in the acute phase, and dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM) with chronic heart failure as its major long-term outcome. However, the molecular mechanisms beyond the acute MC phase remain poorly understood. The ankyrin repeat domain 1 (ANKRD1) is a functionally pleiotropic stress/stretch-inducible protein, which can modulate cardiac stress response during various forms of pathological stimuli; however, its involvement in post-MC cardiac remodeling leading to DCM is not known. To address this, we induced experimental autoimmune myocarditis (EAM) in ANKRD1-deficient mice, and evaluated post-MC consequences at the DCM stage mice hearts. We demonstrated that ANKRD1 does not significantly modulate heart failure; nevertheless, the genetic ablation of Ankrd1 blunted the cardiac damage/remodeling and preserved heart function during post-MC DCM.
Site Selection and Formation Evaluation at the 1st Offshore Methane Hydrate Production Test Site In the Eastern Nankai Trough, Japan

In order to evaluate productivity of gas from marine gas hydrate by the depressurization method, Japan Oil, Gas and Metals National Corporation is planning to conduct a full-scale production test in early 2013 at the AT1 site in the north slope of Daini-Atsumi Knoll in the eastern Nankai Trough, Japan. By the pre-drilling campaign conduced in early 2012, we confirmed methane hydrate concentrated zone (MHCZ) with 60 m of gross thickness, which is composed of lobe/sheet type sequences in the upper part of it and channel type sand sequences in the lower part. This MHCZ is thicker than that of confirmed at previous wells in 2004 (45 m) located around 150 m northeast, indicating that the prediction provided by seismic interpretation and inversion analysis was reasonable. Well-to-well correlation between two monitoring wells (AT1-MC and MT1) within 40 m distance exhibited that lateral continuity of these sand layers (upper part of reservoir) are fairly good, which representing ideal reservoir for the production test. The XPT fluid mobility measurement results showed approximately 0.1 to several mD of water permeability in both MHCZ and seal formation, although there are some variations in measured values.
Impact of low‐temperature electrical resistance heating on subsurface flow and transport

The effects of subboiling electrical resistance heating (ERH) on subsurface flow and transport were examined in a series of two‐dimensional tank experiments, with temperatures reaching 50°C. To analyze the experiments and determine the dominant mechanisms affecting flow and transport, a fully coupled two‐dimensional finite difference electrothermal model was developed to simulate electrical current flow, temperature‐dependent fluid flow, and mass transport. The model incorporates temperature‐dependent equations for density, viscosity, diffusion coefficient, and electrical conductivity, capturing the nonisothermal processes dominant in the subsurface. The model was validated with laboratory‐scale experiments in which voltage distribution, instantaneous electrical power, temperature, and tracer transport were measured. Tracer experiments and transport modeling indicated that temperature‐induced buoyant flow and contaminant movement could be significant when applying ERH in the subsurface, even at 50°C. A sensitivity study was performed to assess the impact of including temperature‐dependent properties such as water density, viscosity, and electrical conductivity. A change in water density of 1.3% (at 50°C) resulted in buoyant flow and increased velocity through the heated zone, indicating that heating contaminated zones to 50°C can have a large impact on mass transport. Temperature‐dependent electrical conductivity had a direct impact on ERH power consumption as well as the time to reach desired temperatures.