Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The Same Bond at Different Prices: Identifying Search Frictions and Selling Pressures

I propose a new measure that identifies when the market price of an over-the-counter traded asset is below its fundamental value due to selling pressure. The measure is the difference between prices paid by small traders and those paid by large traders. In a model for over-the-counter trading with search frictions and periods with selling pressures, I show that this measure identifies liquidity crises (i.e., high number of forced sellers). Using a structural estimation, the model is able to identify liquidity crises in the U.S. corporate bond market based on the relative prices paid by small and large traders. New light is shed on two crises, the downgrade of General Motors and Ford in 2005 and the subprime crisis The Author 2011. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of The Society for Financial Studies. All rights reserved. For Permissions, please e-mail: journals.permissions@oup.com. , Oxford University Press.
Clonotypic heterogeneity in experimental interstitial nephritis. Restricted specificity of the anti-tubular basement membrane B cell repertoire is associated with a disease-modifying crossreactive idiotype

Experimental anti-tubular basement membrane (anti-TBM) disease is an autoimmune interstitial nephritis elicited in susceptible rodents after immunization with renal tubular antigen. The nephritogenic antigen in the immunizing preparation is 3M-1, a 48,000 Mr noncollagenous glycoprotein. The hallmarks of the renal lesion are the presence of anti-TBM antibodies (anti-TBM-Ab) and a dense mononuclear cell infiltrate. The anti-TBM B cell repertoire in this disease was analyzed using a library of 22 anti-TBM mAbs generated in a prototypically susceptible Brown Norway rat. These anti-TBM mAbs were all demonstrated to be 3M-1 specific and their characterization formed the basis for the following observations: (a) The size of the anti-TBM B cell population is estimated at 58 distinct clones; (b) by competitive inhibition criteria, all anti-TBM mAbs recognize the same (or spatially close) epitope(s) on 3M-1. This focused recognition was maintained in spite of considerable variability in affinity. Epitopic dominance could also be demonstrated in human polyclonal anti-TBM antisera from a patient with anti-TBM disease; and (c) a crossreactive idiotype was documented, and antisera directed toward this set of variable region determinants was shown to be effective as a prophylactic regimen to abrogate disease, and as a therapeutic modality to arrest the progression of disease; (d) analysis of VH gene families suggested biased usage of Q52- and 7183- like families, although at least three gene families are used in the anti-TBM-Ab response. Thus, the anti-TBM B cell compartment in BN rats is moderately large, but is primarily focused to a single epitope on the nephritogenic antigen and is associated with a disease-modifying crossreactive idiotype.
Helinä Laakkonen Asymmetric News Effects on Exchange Rate Volatility

1 This paper studies asymmetries in the news effects by estimating the impact of different macroeconomic news categories on high frequency EUR/USD volatility with Flexible Fourier Form model. The results show that US news increase volatility more than European news. UK news seems to increase volatility as much as news from the largest euro area countries. News from the smallest euro area countries seem not to affect volatility, nor do news from Japan. A significant difference between the impact of positive and negative news is not found, but the volatility increases more when positive and negative news are announced at the same time compared to when there are only either positive or negative news. Also, macroeconomic news that are positive (or negative) four months in a row increase volatility more than those which are positive and negative in turns.
Cytomegalovirus in Bone Marrow Cells Correlates with Cytomegalovirus in Peripheral Blood Leukocytes

ABSTRACT In allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplant recipients with bone marrow (BM) suppression, cytomegalovirus (CMV) pp65 antigenemia and DNA were detectable in peripheral blood leukocytes (PBL) and BM cells. A relationship between CMV infection of PBL and BM cells has been found.
Type checking meta programs

We report on preliminary experiments with inferring types for meta programs: programs that manipulate programs. For this purpose we provide a two-level type system in a fragment of a higher-order system of dependent types. The system is formulated with automatic type inference in mind. In particular, we give a type system for dependent types and a constraint generation procedure which generates semi-uniication constraints from untyped terms that have a solution if and only if the terms have a type annotation in the type system. More interestingly, typability is preserved under reeection, i.e. when object level programs are reeected to the meta-level.
Genes Contributing to Pain Sensitivity in the Normal Population: An Exome Sequencing Study

Sensitivity to pain varies considerably between individuals and is known to be heritable. Increased sensitivity to experimental pain is a risk factor for developing chronic pain, a common and debilitating but poorly understood symptom. To understand mechanisms underlying pain sensitivity and to search for rare gene variants (MAF<5%) influencing pain sensitivity, we explored the genetic variation in individuals' responses to experimental pain. Quantitative sensory testing to heat pain was performed in 2,500 volunteers from TwinsUK (TUK): exome sequencing to a depth of 70× was carried out on DNA from singletons at the high and low ends of the heat pain sensitivity distribution in two separate subsamples. Thus in TUK1, 101 pain-sensitive and 102 pain-insensitive were examined, while in TUK2 there were 114 and 96 individuals respectively. A combination of methods was used to test the association between rare variants and pain sensitivity, and the function of the genes identified was explored using network analysis. Using causal reasoning analysis on the genes with different patterns of SNVs by pain sensitivity status, we observed a significant enrichment of variants in genes of the angiotensin pathway (Bonferroni corrected p = 3.8×10−4). This pathway is already implicated in animal models and human studies of pain, supporting the notion that it may provide fruitful new targets in pain management. The approach of sequencing extreme exome variation in normal individuals has provided important insights into gene networks mediating pain sensitivity in humans and will be applicable to other common complex traits.
The endocannabinoid anandamide neither impairs in vitro T-cell function nor induces regulatory T-cell generation.

BACKGROUND The cannabinoids have been proposed in the treatment of cancer. Generally, the cannabinoids are believed to be useful only in the palliative therapy of cancer-related symptoms, namely pain, anorexia and cachexia. However, preliminary experiments would also suggest an inhibitory effect of cannabinoids on cancer growth, whereas their influence on anticancer immunity is still controversial. The present study aimed to evaluate the influence of the endogenous cannabinoid anandamide (AEA) on T-cell phenotype and function. MATERIALS AND METHODS The in vitro effects of AEA were evaluated at different concentrations on lymphocyte proliferation, cytotoxicity and differentiation, and in particular on T-regulator generation. RESULTS AEA did not modify lymphocyte proliferation, neither under basal conditions, nor after IL-2 stimulation. Moreover, AEA did not induce the generation of regulatory T-lymphocytes nor the production of the immunosuppressive cytokine, IL-IO. CONCLUSION The direct antitumor activity of AEA together with the absence of negative effects on T-cell functions might provide new insights into the potential use of cannabinoid agents in cancer immunotherapy.
A Semantic and Sentiment Analysis on Online Neighborhood Reviews for Understanding the Perceptions of People toward Their Living Environments

The perceptions of people toward neighborhoods reveal their satisfaction with their living environments and their perceived quality of life. Recently, there is an emergence of Web sites designed for helping people to find suitable places to live. On these Web sites, current and previous residents can review their neighborhoods by providing numeric ratings and textual comments. Such online neighborhood review data provide novel opportunities for studying the perceptions of people toward their neighborhoods. In this article, we analyze such online neighborhood review data. Specifically, we extract two types of knowledge from the data: (1) semantics, or the semantic topics (or aspects) that people talk about regarding their neighborhoods, and (2) sentiments, or the emotions that people express toward the different aspects of their neighborhoods. We experiment with a number of different computational models in extracting these two types of knowledge and compare their performances. The experiments are based on a data set of online reviews about the neighborhoods in New York City, which were contributed by 7,673 distinct Web users. We also conduct correlation analyses between the subjective perceptions extracted from this data set and the objective socioeconomic attributes of New York City neighborhoods and find similarities and differences. The effective models identified in this research can be applied to neighborhood reviews in other cities for supporting urban planning and quality of life studies.
Oral immunotherapy utilizes the pathways of oral tolerance , in which the ingestion of antigenic proteins promotes physiologic changes which suppress an allergic response to the ingested antigen

Oral immunotherapy (OIT) is a promising investigational therapy for food allergy. Clinical trials in peanut, milk, egg, and wheat allergy provide evidence that OIT can effectively desensitize a majority of individuals to a food allergen. While a portion of subjects demonstrate sustained unresponsiveness, the majority regain sensitivity with allergen avoidance. The safety and tolerability of OIT continue to limit its use in some patients. Virtually all studies report adverse reactions that are more frequent during dose escalation but may also Published online: June 30, 2016 Anna Nowak-Węgrzyn, MD Division of Allergy and Immunology, Department of Pediatrics Jaffe Food Allergy Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai Kravis Children’s Hospital , One Gustave L. Levy Place, Box 1198, New York, NY 10029 (USA) E-Mail anna.nowak-wegrzyn @ mssm.edu © 2016 S. Karger AG, Basel 0250–6807/16/0685–0019$39.50/0 www.karger. com/anm Key Messages • Oral immunotherapy is an investigational therapy for food allergy, which has demonstrated efficacy in desensitizing subjects to offending food proteins. • As most subjects regain sensitivity within days to weeks of avoidance, it is as yet unclear whether oral immunotherapy has the potential to induce permanent tolerance. • The safety and tolerability continue to limit the utility of oral immunotherapy in routine clinical practice.
Modified multistage linear programming decoding of LDPC codes

Linear programming (LP) decoding is getting more and more attention because of the maximum-likelihood (ML) certificate property. As one of the improved LP decoding methods, multistage LP (MLP) decoding has been proposed to improve the performance of LP decoding but at the cost of higher complexity. In this paper, the problem of achieving a balance between the performance and the complexity of LP decoding is considered. First, a criterion used for searching new constraints adaptively is proposed. Then a modified MLP decoding is presented by incorporating the adaptive decoding algorithm to decrease the complexity. The presented modified MLP decoding can obtain a good tradeoff between the performance and the complexity and is proved also has the ML certificate characteristic. Simulations with moderate block length LDPC codes show that the proposed MLP decoding achieves the same BER performance as the original MLP decoding with far fewer used constraints and faster convergence speed consequently.
Determination of bacterial aetiologic factor on tracheobronchial lavage in relation to clinical signs of bovine respiratory disease.

This study aimed to determine the occurrence of Mannheimiahaemolytica, Pasteurella multocida and Mycoplasma spp. , in relation to clinical signs of respiratory disease. Tracheobronchial lavage samples were collected from 96 (healthy and unhealthy) cattle in the State of São Paulo, Brazil. Mycoplasma spp. (12.5 %) and Pasteurellamultocida (15.50 %) were the most prevalent species. Bacillus sp. , Staphylococcus sp. , Escherichia coli, Klebsiella oxytoca, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Klebsiella pneumoniae were also isolated. Mollicutes (70.83 %), Mycoplasmabovis (2.94 %) and Mycoplasma dispar (38.23 %) were identified using conventional PCR. Submassive sound on acoustic percussion of the thorax was associated with the absence of Mollicutes (P=0.025). Whistling (P=0.076) and coarse crackle (P=0.046) were associated with the absence of Mycoplasma dispar. Clear sound on acoustic percussion of the thorax was associated with the absence of Mycoplasmabovis (P=0.007). Coughing was associated with the presence of Pasteurellamultocida [P=0.035; confidence interval (CI), 1.12-26.89], but its absence was associated with mucopurulent (P=0.0215; CI, 1.55-34.5) and mucoid nasal discharge (P=0.068; CI, 19-28.5), submassive sound (P=0.031; CI, 1.23-75.5), fine crackle (P=0.058; CI, 1.23-20.1) and coarse crackle (P=0.046; CI, 2.38-70.8). The high prevalence of Pasteurella multocida and Mycoplasma spp. in unhealthy calves increases the importance of these micro-organisms in the pathogenesis of respiratory diseases. This study increases the information about the role of Mycoplasma dispar in respiratory diseases. Differences in some species in relation to clinical signs can be applied as a presumptive diagnosis.
SF 6 Generator Circuit Breaker Modeling

Generator circuit breakers are located between generators and step-up transformers in power networks and their ratings usually range from 100MVA to 1300MVA. Owing to the potentially high asymmetrical fault levels at relatively low voltage near the terminals of generators, the current interruption requirements of GenCBs are significantly higher than the distribution networks at similar voltages. Because of these high current rating properties, testing of GenCBs is costly and time consuming. Consequently, it is very useful to have valid computer simulations available. In order to estimate the interrupting behavior of GenCB, a breaker model was developed in ATP/EMTP. The model incorporates arc voltages, escalation voltages and the reignition behavior of generator circuit breakers. The model was developed in EMTP by using MODELS and incorporates the four main stages of the breakers’ operating processes: the closed contacts stage, the arc burning stage, the arc extinguishing stage and the opened contacts stage. The model was incorporated into a network simulation and the results were compared with IEEE Generator Circuit Breaker standards. More than sixty simulations have been done and Monte Carlo statistical studies were also carried out and the results are presented in this paper.
SLAM method : reconstruction and modeling of environment with moving objects using an RGBD camera

We have analyzed high and low dynamic environment problems of Simultaneous Localization and Mapping (SLAM) methods, which we use for automatic 3D models construction. Constructed models are convenient for developing lifelike VR (virtual reality) systems of real places. Our software provides preliminary processing of data before transferring it to the main SLAM method. Developed software allows utilizing various computer vision algorithms or artificial neural networks for recognition of objects which may change their location. Microsoft Kinect sensor allows easily recognize movable objects like human while testing.
Milrinone Relaxes Pulmonary Veins in Guinea Pigs and Humans

Introduction The phosphodiesterase-III inhibitor milrinone improves ventricular contractility, relaxes pulmonary arteries and reduces right ventricular afterload. Thus, it is used to treat heart failure and pulmonary hypertension (PH). However, its action on pulmonary veins (PVs) is not defined, although particularly PH due to left heart disease primarily affects the pulmonary venous bed. We examined milrinone-induced relaxation in PVs from guinea pigs (GPs) and humans. Material and Methods Precision-cut lung slices (PCLS) were prepared from GPs or from patients undergoing lobectomy. Milrinone-induced relaxation was studied by videomicroscopy in naïve PVs and in PVs pre-constricted with the ETA-receptor agonist BP0104. Baseline luminal area was defined as 100%. Intracellular cAMP was measured by ELISA and milrinone-induced changes of segmental vascular resistances were studied in the GP isolated perfused lung (IPL). Results In the IPL (GP), milrinone (10 µM) lowered the postcapillary resistance of pre-constricted vessels. In PCLS (GP), milrinone relaxed naïve and pre-constricted PVs (120%) and this relaxation was attenuated by inhibition of protein kinase G (KT 5823), adenyl cyclase (SQ 22536) and protein kinase A (KT 5720), but not by inhibition of NO-synthesis (L-NAME). In addition, milrinone-induced relaxation was dependent on the activation of KATP-, BKCa 2+- and Kv-channels. Human PVs also relaxed to milrinone (121%), however only if pre-constricted. Discussion Milrinone relaxes PVs from GPs and humans. In GPs, milrinone-induced relaxation is based on KATP-, BKCa 2+- and Kv-channel-activation and on cAMP/PKA/PKG. The relaxant properties of milrinone on PVs lead to reduced postcapillary resistance and hydrostatic pressures. Hence they alleviate pulmonary edema and suggest beneficial effects of milrinone in PH due to left heart disease.
The Contribution of the Airway Epithelial Cell to Host Defense

In the context of cystic fibrosis, the epithelial cell has been characterized in terms of its ion transport capabilities. The ability of an epithelial cell to initiate CFTR-mediated chloride and bicarbonate transport has been recognized early as a means to regulate the thickness of the epithelial lining fluid and recently as a means to regulate the pH, thereby determining critically whether or not host defense proteins such as mucins are able to fold appropriately. This review describes how the epithelial cell senses the presence of pathogens and inflammatory conditions, which, in turn, facilitates the activation of CFTR and thus directly promotes pathogens clearance and innate immune defense on the surface of the epithelial cell. This paper summarizes functional data that describes the effect of cytokines, chemokines, infectious agents, and inflammatory conditions on the ion transport properties of the epithelial cell and relates these key properties to the molecular pathology of cystic fibrosis. Recent findings on the role of cystic fibrosis modifier genes that underscore the role of the epithelial ion transport in host defense and inflammation are discussed.
Should rituximab be used to prevent relapse in patients with ANCA-associated vasculitis?

Rituximab is now licensed, both in the United States and Europe, for use as a remission-induction agent in the treatment of ANCA-associated vasculitis (AAV). Although the two randomized controlled trials on which this licensure is based did not demonstrate, at least in patients presenting with new
Extractive Summarization Based on Event Term Clustering

Event-based summarization extracts and organizes summary sentences in terms of the events that the sentences describe. In this work, we focus on semantic relations among event terms. By connecting terms with relations, we build up event term graph, upon which relevant terms are grouped into clusters. We assume that each cluster represents a topic of documents. Then two summarization strategies are investigated, i.e. selecting one term as the representative of each topic so as to cover all the topics, or selecting all terms in one most significant topic so as to highlight the relevant information related to this topic. The selected terms are then responsible to pick out the most appropriate sentences describing them. The evaluation of clustering-based summarization on DUC 2001 document sets shows encouraging improvement over the well-known PageRank-based summarization.
The Congressional Classification Challenge : Domain Specificity and Partisan Intensity *

In this paper, we study the effectiveness and generalizability of techniques for classifying partisanship and ideology from text in the context of US politics. In particular, we are interested in how well measures of partisanship transfer across domains as well as the potential to rely upon measures of partisan intensity as a proxy for political ideology. We construct novel datasets of English texts from (1) the Congressional Record, (2) prominent conservative and liberal media websites, and (3) conservative and liberal wikis, and apply text classification algorithms to evaluate domain specificity via a domain adaptation technique. Surprisingly, we find that the cross-domain learning performance, benchmarking the ability to generalize from one of these datasets to another, is in general poor, even though the algorithms perform very well in within-dataset cross-validation tests. While party affiliation of legislators is not predictable based on models learned from other sources, we do find some ability to predict the leanings of the media and crowdsourced websites based on models learned from the Congressional Record. This predictivity is different across topics, and itself a priori predictable based on within-topic cross-validation results. Temporally, phrases tend to move from politicians to the media, helping to explain this predictivity. Finally, when we compare legislators themselves across different media (the Congressional Record and press releases), we find that while party affiliation is highly predictable, within-party ideology is completely unpredictable. Legislators are communicating different messages through different channels while clearly signaling party identity systematically across all channels. Choice of language is a clearly strategic act, among both legislators and the media, and we must therefore proceed with extreme caution in extrapolating from language to partisanship or ideology across domains.
Theology, Politics and Emergent Interactive Narrative Two Weeks in the World of ‘Twitch Plays Pokémon’

The phenomenon Twitch Plays Pokémon attracted a great deal of attention due to its outlandish concept and the novelty of the idea. From it’s humble beginnings as a ‘social experiment’ it attracted millions of views in days and spawned an elaborate community of people whose imagination it captured and whose imagination propagated a narrative more reminiscent of an epic poem than a Gameboy game. Along the way the community created and then forced upon itself deep political divides matched only in their ferocity by the level of worship afforded the deities within the complex religious system it spawned. While the rest of the world shook their heads and rightfully went back to more sensible things to spend their time on, I threw myself head first in this world in order to find out what it might teach us about how this sort of narrative is created and what it might mean not only for the medium of video games, but of new media forms that are emerging or may be on their way in the near future. I discovered that Twitch Plays Pokémon struck upon a couple of key elements that allow for or encourage coherent emergent narratives to form, while also enabling players in this new genre to self­regulate mechanics of the game in innovative ways.