Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Integrated optimisation of pricing, manufacturing, and procurement decisions of a make-to-stock system operating in a fluctuating environment

ABSTRACT Manufacturers experience random environmental fluctuations that influence their supply and demand processes directly. To cope with these environmental fluctuations, they typically utilise operational hedging strategies in terms of pricing, manufacturing, and procurement decisions. We focus on this challenging problem by proposing an analytical model. Specifically, we study an integrated problem of procurement, manufacturing, and pricing strategies for a continuous-review make-to-stock system operating in a randomly fluctuating environment with exponentially distributed processing times. The environmental changes are driven by a continuous-time discrete state-space Markov chain, and they directly affect the system's procurement price, raw material flow rate, and price-sensitive demand rate. We formulate the system as an infinite-horizon Markov decision process with a long-run average profit criterion and show that the optimal procurement and manufacturing strategies are of state-dependent threshold policies. Besides that, we provide several analytical results on the optimal pricing strategies. We introduce a linear programming formulation to numerically obtain the system's optimal decisions. We, particularly, investigate how production rate, holding cost, procurement price and demand variabilities, customers' price sensitivity, and interaction between supply and demand processes affect the system's performance measures through an extensive numerical study. Furthermore, our numerical results demonstrate the potential benefits of using dynamic pricing compared to that of static pricing. In particular, the profit enhancement being achieved with dynamic pricing can reach up to 15%, depending on the problem parameters.
A study of microstrip array antennas with the feed network

The radiation and losses in microstrip antennas with a corporate feed network are studied. A surface current approach is applied in which the electrical currents in the feed lines are modeled as in ideal transmission lines. The free-space radiation and the surface-wave excitation of typical segments in printed feed networks are studied. A four-element array antenna with its printed feed network is analyzed and predicted radiation patterns, directivity, and gain are presented and compared with experimental results. The gain and directivity of large arrays of 16, 64, 256 and 1024 elements are calculated and measurements in the frequency range of 10 to 35 GHz are reported. >
R-matrix theory of photoionization. Application to neon and argon

The R-matrix method, which has been used recently to calculate electron-atom and ion collision cross sections and atomic polarizabilities is extended to enable atomic photoionization processes to be studied. Both the initial atomic bound state and the final atomic continuum state are expanded in terms of R-matrix bases. The method is programmed for a general atomic system and then used to calculate the photoionization cross sections of ground state neon and argon atoms leaving the residual ions in their ground or first excited states. Good agreement is obtained with recent experiments using synchrotron radiation both in resonant and non-resonant regions, showing that the method has a wide range of applicability.
Robust adaptive fault accommodation for a robot system using a radial basis function neural network

A discrete-time radial basis function (RBF) neural network is designed for the fault accommodation of robotic systems. A robust learning algorithm using the adaptive dead-zone technique is presented to train the network parameters (weights and centres). This scheme assures the convergence of the estimate errors of both the neural network and the fault-monitoring system in the presence of system uncertainties. Simulations have been done on applying the RBF-network-based fault accommodation scheme to a two-link robotic manipulator. The main advantage of the adaptive algorithm is that the upper bound of system uncertainties is not known in advance, which makes the system more practical for the fault accommodation scheme as demonstrated.
MISR radiometric uncertainty analyses and their utilization within geophysical retrievals

The Multi-angle Imaging SpectroRadiometer (MISR) is to be launched with the Earth Observing System EOS-AM1 spacecraft in 1999. Demanding specifications include a requirement that the instrument be calibrated, and placed on an accurate radiometric scale, to within 3% (1σ) uncertainty, for incident radiances near the upper end of a camera's dynamic range. Contributing factors to the uncertainty in radiance measurements include signal-to-noise ratio, goodness of fit of the calibration data to a quadratic equation, and quality of the experimental conditions (i.e. range and number of radiometric levels used to provide the calibration). These sources, as they are identified, are flagged as contributing to the absolute, relative band-to-band, relative camera-to-camera, or relative pixel-to-pixel radiance uncertainties. This paper summarizes the products and results from the uncertainty analysis of radiometric calibrations for the MISR. It also provides an example of a geophysical product retrieval that makes use of these data.
Double grating monochromator optical design of the pure rotational Raman-lidar

The temperature of troposphere is an important meteorologic parameter, the pure rotational Raman-lidar technique has already used on effective temperature-measuring of troposphere at present. Because many low-intensity scattering is around high-intensity scattering, it is difficult to acquire Raman spectrum from high-intensity Mie+ Rayleigh scattering. So the prismatic system needs reach high capability. The double grating monochromator for a pure rotational Ramanlidar can provide better than 10-7 suppression of spectral line due to unshifted Mie+ Rayleigh scattering, obtain highpurity rotational Raman spectrum, and improve transmission and stability of the optical system. The complex structure of the double grating monochromator is always difficult to Raman-lidar. Two optical paths of grating are compared and a conclusion can be drawn that the structure of beam path of grating of symmetrical arrange of optical fibre is better in grating efficiency than the structure of beam path of grating of linear arrange of optical fiber. Then a formula about relative of range of diffractive angle and order of grating is obtained through grating equation and rotational Raman equation. When grating constant is 600 line/mm, the fifth order of grating is optimal. According to these, we can optimize the double grating monochromator from the paths of grating and parameter of grating and improve transmission and stability of lidar temperature-measuring system, make the whole lidar system higher Signal-to-Noise, and attain more exact atmosphere outline.
Distance between populations using mixed continuous and categorical variables

SUMMARY A general form of the location model is considered for mixed continuous and categorical variables observed in a number of different populations, and some special cases of practical interest are cited. The distance between any two populations is derived for each of these models. Estimation of parameters in these distance measures is discussed, and the methods are illustrated by application to previously published data.
Spider Assemblages of Tree Trunks and Tree Branches in Three Developmental Phases of Primeval Oak–Lime–Hornbeam Forest in the Białowieża National Park

Simple Summary At present, the only place in Europe where the full development cycle of forests takes place on a large scale is the Białowieża Forest, because in most other forests dead or dying trees are eliminated, so the terminal (decay) phase does not occur there. Studies of animal assemblages inhabiting different forest phases are scarce as well as studies of spiders inhabiting tree trunks and branches. In this study, we compare spider assemblages inhabiting the tree trunks and branches in the optimal, terminal and regeneration phases of a primeval oak–lime–hornbeam stand in terms of their abundance, species diversity and species richness. We did not find differences in the total spider species richness between the analysed phases. However, we found that species diversity of both foliage-dwelling and trunk-dwelling spider assemblages was higher in the terminal phase compared to the other phases, which may indicate that this phase offers the most diverse niches for spiders as a result of the significant disturbance in the forest stand structure. Our research contributes to the understanding of the functioning of natural ecosystems, which can be useful for responsible forest management. Abstract The study was conducted in the Białowieża Forest, which is the only place in Europe where the full development cycle of forests takes place on a large scale. The objective of this study was to compare spider assemblages inhabiting tree trunks and tree branches in the optimal, terminal and regeneration phases of a primeval oak–lime–hornbeam stand, in terms of their abundance, species diversity and species richness. Spiders of tree branches were sampled using a sweep net into which branches were shaken, while spiders inhabiting tree trunks were collected using traps made of corrugated cardboard placed around the trunks. The three analysed phases did not differ in terms of total species richness. We found that the species diversity of both foliage-dwelling and trunk-dwelling spider assemblages was higher in the terminal phase compared to other phases, which may indicate that the former phase offered the most diverse niches for spiders as a result of the significant disturbance in the stand structure. In addition, we found fewer spider individuals and species in individual samples collected on tree branches from a plot in the regeneration phase compared to the other phases, which may be a consequence of the structure of the stand in this phase (low canopy cover, lush herbaceous vegetation).
Gravitation and Inertia

PrefaceChart of Main Topics1A First Tour12Einstein Geometrodynamics133Tests of Einstein Geometrodynamics874Cosmology, Standard Models, and Homogeneous Rotating Models1855The Initial-Value Problem in Einstein Geometrodynamics2696The Gravitomagnetic Field and Its Measurement3157Some Highlights of the Past and a Summary of Geometrodynamics and Inertia384Mathematical Appendix403Symbols and Notations437Author Index445Subject Index of Mathematical Appendix455Subject Index461Fundamental and Astronomical Constants and Units493
First-Principles Simulation on Thickness Dependence of Piezoresistance Effect in Silicon Nanosheets

We have simulated the piezoresistance coefficients of single-crystal silicon nanosheets on the basis of the first-principles calculations of model structures. The carrier conductivities of the hydrogen-terminated silicon nanosheet models with (001) surface orientation have been calculated using band carrier densities and their corresponding effective mass tensors derived from the two-dimensional band diagram by our original approach for a small amount of carrier occupation. The p-type shear piezoresistance coefficient for principal axes on the (001) plane increases in connection with the longitudinal and transverse ones for the [110] tensile stress, as the thickness of the nanosheet decreases. We have obtained a high piezoresistance coefficient πs of 450×10-11 Pa-1 for an approximately 1 nm thick silicon (001) nanosheet model. It is expected that the p-type ultrathin silicon (001) nanosheet will be a suitable candidate for nanoscale piezoresistors owing to its giant piezoresistivity.
Research on small sample bearing fault classification based on transfer learning and data augmentation

In the conventional mechanical bearing fault classification problem, deep learning has been widely used and has achieved very good results. However, in practical engineering, the lack of training data makes it difficult for the model to achieve the desired effect, and the model trained with the same data will also have the problem of insufficient generalization ability. Under the premise of small samples, this paper starts with transfer learning and data enhancement technology, uses quadratic interpolation, Mixup, sliding time window methods, and optimizes the model structure and hyperparameters to achieve the fault diagnosis of different bearings and working conditions a better classification effect.
Twisted and coiled yarns for energy harvesting and storage, artificial muscles, refrigeration, and sensing

This overview focuses on our teams work on using twisted yarns and highly elastic coiled yarns for artificial muscles, energy harvesting, energy storage, sensing, and refrigeration. Despite the diversity of these applications for coiled carbon nanotube and polymer yarns, similar fabrication methods are applicable and conversion of coiling twist to yarn twist results in yarn elasticity, actuation, twistocaloric cooling, and the capacitance changes used for energy harvesting and sensing. Likewise, the same biscrolling method yields coiled yarns containing up to 95 weight percent of guest powders that provide various new properties. The obtained performance of the coiled polymer and carbon nanotube yarns are remarkable, such as artificial muscles that generate up to 98 times the output mechanical power than the maximum for the same weight human muscle and mechanical energy harvesters providing a higher peak electrical power per weight than prior art material-based mechanical energy harvesters for stretch frequencies between a few Hz and 600 Hz.
A Second Ultraviolet “Light Bulb” behind the Supernova Remnant SN 1006

A point X-ray source located 9' NE of the center of SN 1006 has been spectroscopically identified as a background QSO, with a redshift of 0.335. The object is moderately bright, with magnitude V = 18.3. If its ultraviolet spectrum is typical of low-z quasars, this object will be a second source (after the Schweizer-Middleditch star) to use for absorption spectroscopy of material within SN 1006. Absorption spectra provide a unique probe for unshocked ejecta within this supernova remnant and can possibly solve the long-standing problem of “missing” iron in the remnants of Type Ia supernovae.
The stochastic Landau equation as an amplitude equation

We consider a stochastic partial differential equation (Swift-Hohenberg equation) on the real axis with periodic boundary conditions that arises in pattern formation. If the trivial solution is near criticality, and if the stochastic forcing and the deterministic (in)stability are of a comparable magnitude, a so called stochastic Landau equation can be derived in order to describe the dynamics of the bifurcating solutions. Here we establish attractivity and approximation results for this equation.
Concentration of the Brownian bridge on the hyperbolic plane

We consider a Brownian bridge on the hyperbolic plane with one extremity tending to infinity, in finite time. We show that the exact exponential rate according to which this process concentrates around the geodesical segment joining the origin o to the moving extremity z is -ρ(o, z), where p stands for the hyperbolic distance. This improves a result of A. Eberle.
Podcasts as a Method to Deliver Education on Stigma Surrounding Opioid Use Disorder

The objective of this research was to evaluate the effectiveness of a podcast miniseries to reduce stigma surrounding opioid use disorder (OUD) among student pharmacists. Students in their second and third professional years from two schools of pharmacy listened to five, 10–23 min podcasts incorporated into their coursework. The podcasts highlighted: (1) interviews with OUD professionals and those with lived experiences; (2) types of stigma and how it affects health outcomes; (3) OUD disease state processes, and (4) harm reduction strategies. Surveys assessed changes in perception of OUD and its associated stigma and included free-response and Likert scale questions. Subjects (n = 121) who completed a pre- and post-podcast survey were included. Paired t-tests assessed changes in survey responses from baseline and a content analysis was performed on all free-responses. There was a statistically significant change from baseline for each survey question, demonstrating a decrease in stigma towards OUD. Free-responses were categorized into four learning domains: (1) Impact of stigma on access to care; (2) Compassion and empathy; (3) Resources and support; and (4) Call to action. Podcasts can be an effective tool to reduce student pharmacist stigma associated with OUD.
Time-dependent analysis of the breakup of halo nuclei

The breakup of halo nuclei is studied by numerically solving the semiclassical time-dependent Schrodinger equation on an angular Lagrange mesh and on a quasiuniform radial mesh. The merits of different mesh choices and approximations of the time evolution operator are discussed. The numerical technique is applied to the breakup of the 11Be and 15C halo nuclei at energies around 70 MeV/nucleon. The time evolution of the projectile wave packet during the breakup process is visualized. The role of the nuclear interaction between target and projectile is analyzed and the validity of pure Coulomb breakup with an impact parameter cutoff is estimated. The breakup and inelastic cross sections are discussed and compared with available experimental data.
Reversible electrospun fibers containing spiropyran for acid and base vapor sensing

Among the various possible structural modifications spiropyrans may be subject to, ones containing alkyl sulfonates groups are commonly classified as photoacids. Both alkyl sulfonates spiropyrans named SON and SOH were structurally characterized and their acido- and photochromic properties were studied by UV–visible spectroscopy. Electrospun poly-ε-caprolactone (PCL) fibers were obtained, in which SON or SOH were incorporated with the goal of detecting acid and base vapors. PCL fibers containing the derivatives SON and SOH were successfully obtained (0.8 μm range), capable of acting as colorimetric vapor sensors according to the acidochromic properties of the spiropyrans. PCL-SON fibers presented quick vapor sensing capability, with colorimetric change within 10 s of exposure. Scanning electronic microscopy was crucial to characterize the morphology of these fibers before and after being used in the sensing process. This material could be reversibly reutilized in the sensing of acids and bases vapors according to the results presented. Graphical abstract Macroscopic color change for electrospun fibers based on acid or base vapors
Trichoderma longibrachiatum TG1 increases endogenous salicylic acid content and antioxidants activity in wheat seedlings under salinity stress

Several studies have reported the deleterious effects of excessive salt stress on Triticum aestivum L. seedlings. Seed pretreatment with exogenous salicylic acid (SA) enhances plants to tolerate salt stress. Herein, the present study aims to investigate the potential of plant-growth-promoting fungus Trichoderma longibrachiatum (TG1) to increase the plant growth and enhance the salicylic acid (SA) contents and antioxidants activity in wheat seedlings under different concentrations of salt stress. Wheat seeds were pretreated in TG1 spore suspension before exposure to different salt stresses. Compared with 0, 50, 100, 150 salt stresses, the TG1 and NaCl increased the wheat seeds germination rate, germination potential and germination index significantly; the shoot height and root length were increased by an average of 39.45% and 29.73%, respectively. Compared to NaCl stress across the four concentrations (0, 50, 100, and 150 mM), the TG1 treated wheat seedlings increased SA concentration and phenylalanine ammonia-lyase activity (PAL) by an average of 55.87% and 24.10% respectively. In addition, the TG1+NaCl-treated seedlings increased superoxide dismutase (SOD), peroxidases (POD), and catalase (CAT) activities in the shoot by an average of 47.68%, 23.68%, and 38.65% respectively compared to NaCl-stressed seedlings. Significantly, the genes, SOD, CAT, and POD were relatively up-regulated in the salt-tolerant TG1-treated seedlings at all NaCl concentrations in comparison to the control. Wheat seedlings treated with TG1+NaCl increased the transcript levels of SOD, POD and CAT by 1.35, 1.85 and 1.04-fold at 50 mM NaCl concentration, respectively, compared with 0 mM NaCl concentration. Our results indicated that seeds pretreatment with TG1 could increase endogenous SA of plants and promote seedling growth under salt stress by improving enzymatic antioxidant activities and gene expression.
Double blue ticks: Reframing ghosting as ostracism through an abductive study on affordances

Ghosting is a slang term associated with ceasing mediated communication to dissolve a romantic relationship. The phenomenon is discussed in popular culture and scientific inquiry in relation to digital communication technologies and mobile dating, but little is known about ghosting in other relationship types and the role of specific affordances. This study investigated personal experiences of ghosting with an abductive approach to consider alternative frameworks which may enhance our understanding of ghosting. We collected 23 episodic interviews with Italians aged 21 to 34 and analyzed data with a qualitative abductive approach. Findings suggest that ghosting takes place in different relationship types, though its detection and effects may differ, and that digital affordances of visibility like awareness cues, informing about others’ availability, play a central role in detection of ghosting. We propose that theories of ostracism provide a useful framework to understand the dynamic of ghosting across relational contexts, complementing existing literature.
Preoperative Risk Stratification of Increased MIB-1 Labeling Index in Pituitary Adenoma: A Newly Proposed Prognostic Scoring System

The MIB-1 index is an important risk factor for progression-free survival (PFS) in pituitary adenoma (PA). Preoperatively, the MIB-1 index is not available in the decision-making process. A preoperative method regarding MIB-1 index estimation in PA has not been evaluated so far. Between 2011 and 2021, 109 patients with tumor morphology data, MIB-1 index data, and inflammatory and pituitary hormone laboratory values underwent surgery for PA. An MIB-1 index cutoff point (≥4/<4%) determines the probability of PFS in completely resected PA. An elevated MIB-1 index (≥4%) was present in 32 cases (29.4%) and was significantly associated with increased IGF-1, age ≤ 60, increased ACTH, and increased fibrinogen levels in the multivariable analysis. A scoring system (“FATE”) using preoperative IGF-1, age, ACTH, and plasma fibrinogen level enables the estimation of the MIB-1 index (sensitivity 72%, specificity 68%). The FATE score is also significantly associated with the time to PA progression after the complete resection of the PA. We propose the FATE score to preoperatively estimate the risk of an elevated MIB-1 index (≥4%), which might enable tailoring to medical decision-making, and follow-up interval scheduling, as well as inform future studies analyzing proliferative activities.