Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Broccoli-Derived Glucoraphanin Activates AMPK/PGC1α/NRF2 Pathway and Ameliorates Dextran-Sulphate-Sodium-Induced Colitis in Mice

As the prevalence of inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD) rises, the etiology of IBD draws increasing attention. Glucoraphanin (GRP), enriched in cruciferous vegetables, is a precursor of sulforaphane, known to have anti-inflammatory and antioxidative effects. We hypothesized that dietary GRP supplementation can prevent mitochondrial dysfunction and oxidative stress in an acute colitis mouse model induced by dextran sulfate sodium (DSS). Eight-week-old mice were fed a regular rodent diet either supplemented with or without GRP. After 4 weeks of dietary treatments, half of the mice within each dietary group were subjected to 2.5% DSS treatment to induce colitis. Dietary GRP decreased DSS-induced body weight loss, disease activity index, and colon shortening. Glucoraphanin supplementation protected the colonic histological structure, suppressed inflammatory cytokines, interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-18, and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), and reduced macrophage infiltration in colonic tissues. Consistently, dietary GRP activated AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK), peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma coactivator (PGC)-1α, and nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (NRF2) pathways in the colonic tissues of DSS-treated mice, which was associated with increased mitochondrial DNA and decreased content of the oxidative product 8-hydroxydeoxyguanosine (8-OHDG), a nucleotide oxidative product of DNA. In conclusion, dietary GRP attenuated mitochondrial dysfunction, inflammatory response, and oxidative stress induced by DSS, suggesting that dietary GRP provides a dietary strategy to alleviate IBD symptoms.
Universality in two-dimensional enhancement percolation

We consider a type of dependent percolation introduced in [2], where it is shown that certain “enhancements” of independent (Bernoulli) percolation, called essential, make the percolation critical probability strictly smaller. In this study we first prove that, for two-dimensional enhancements with a natural monotonicity property, being essential is also a necessary condition to shift the critical point. We then show that (some) critical exponents and the scaling limit of crossing probabilities of a two-dimensional percolation process are unchanged if the process is subjected to a monotonic enhancement that is not essential. This proves a form of universality for all dependent percolation models obtained via a monotonic enhancement (of Bernoulli percolation) that does not shift the critical point. For the case of site percolation on the triangular lattice, we also prove a stronger form of universality by showing that the full scaling limit [12,13] is not affected by any monotonic enhancement that does not shift the critical point. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Random Struct. Alg. , 2008
Mid-Infrared Frequency Modulation Spectroscopy of NO Detection in a Hollow-Core Antiresonant Fiber

Mid-infrared frequency modulation spectroscopy (FMS) in a tellurite hollow-core antiresonant fiber (HC-ARF) is investigated for gas detection. The spectroscopic system is demonstrated for nitric oxide (NO) detection by exploiting its strong absorption line at 1900.08 cm−1 with a quantum cascade laser (QCL). By modulating the injection current of the QCL at 250 MHz and measuring NO in a 35 cm long HC-ARF, we achieve a noise equivalent concentration of 67 ppb at an averaging time of 0.1 s. Compared to direct absorption spectroscopy with a low-pass filter for etalon noise reduction, the FMS technique shows an improvement factor of 22. The detection limit of FMS can be further improved to 6 ppb at a longer averaging time of 100 s, corresponding to a noise equivalent absorption coefficient of 1.0 × 10−7 cm−1.
Influence of Skin Phototype on the Level of Pain Perceived by Patients Receiving Enoxaparin: A Cross-Sectional Study

Low Molecular Weight Heparin (LMWH) is commonly used as an antithrombotic in patients with reduced mobility. Its administration is performed by invasive technique (injections) that can cause pain: (1) Background: Pain and bruising are the most common side effects in patients treated with LMWH, but the skin phototype (PT) has never been included; (2) Methods: A cross-sectional descriptive study, developed in the Hospital Unit of Orthopedic and Trauma Surgery over one year. To classify all participants in the sample considering their skin PT and the different pain levels “during” and “after” the administration of enoxaparin. The STROBE checklist was used to evaluate the study. Data analyses were carried out: descriptive statistical analysis and analysis of Variance ANOVA of a non-parametric factor; (3) Results: The sample was 202 participants. The most frequent skin PTs were PT II 43.6% and PT III 33.2%. Mean pain after injection (1.96) was greater than pain during injection (1.4). Better natural protection against sunlight (high PT) would indicate greater post-injection pain; (4) Conclusions: Participants with a medium-high phototype (≥III) perceive a greater pain sensation than participants with a low phototype (≤II) after the administration of enoxaparin.
Leaky-Wave Structures and Techniques for Integrated Front-End Antenna Systems

Leaky-wave antenna (LWA), as a special kind of waveguiding structure simultaneously characterized by both the guidance and radiation of electromagnetic waves along it, has received much attention and has been in the spotlight of both academia and industry since its inception in the 1940s. This is mainly because LWAs possess many appealing properties such as the highly directive beam, easy feeding mechanism, simple configuration, and particular frequency-driven beam-scanning, which enable them to hold promise in the development of a unique front-end antenna solution than others (e.g., reflector antenna and phased array). In addition to these inherent features, the exploitation of LWAs featuring multifarious sophisticated electrical functionalities (i.e., functional LWAs), with resort to engineering relevant radiating discontinuities and waveguiding structures, constitutes one mainstream research in the communities and increasingly prevails in the research & development of modern multifunctional wireless RF/microwave systems recently. This article is structured under this background, which is mainly dedicated to reviewing and investigating several enabling concepts, structures, and techniques that are specifically applied to the design of functional LWAs characterized by, for example, simultaneously low side-lobe and cross-polarization behaviors, rapid beam-scanning, stable radiation, frequency-selectivity, and open-stopband suppression. To make the technical discussions much more self-contained and systematic, this article begins with leaky-wave basics as well as general geometrical and electrical characteristics of LWAs. In addition, some representative system-level applications enabled by LWAs are briefly described, together with several promising research directions that can be further explored and galvanized, from the authors’ perspective.
Metal-insulator and magnetic transition of NiO at high pressures

The metal-insulator transition and magnetic collapse of NiO under high pressures have been studied with the hybrid density functional (HDF) and the general-gradient approximation (GGA). Our results show that even in the intermediate coupling regime GGA does not take the correlation effects into account appropriately. HDF predicts that the transitions occur at much higher pressures than GGA does. Band broadening, covalence, and crystal-field effects are responsible for the changes of the electronic structure under high pressures.
An efficient algorithm based on the differential quadrature method for solving Navier–Stokes equations

In this paper, an approach to improve the application of the differential quadrature method for the solution of Navier–Stokes equations is presented. In using the conventional differential quadrature method for solving Navier–Stokes equations, difficulties such as boundary conditions' implementation, generation of an ill conditioned set of linear equations, large memory storage requirement to store data, and matrix coefficients, are usually encountered. Also, the solution of the generated set of equations takes a long running time and needs high computational efforts. An approach based on the point pressure–velocity iteration method, which is a variant of the Newton–Raphson relaxation technique, is presented to overcome these problems without losing accuracy. To verify its performance, four cases of two‐dimensional flows in single and staggered double lid‐driven cavity and flows past backward facing step and square cylinder, which have been often solved by researchers as benchmark solution, are simulated for different Reynolds numbers. The results are compared with existing solutions in the open literature. Very good agreement with low computational efforts of the approach is shown. It has been concluded that the method can be applied easily and is very time efficient. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Three‐dimensional tomography of ionospheric variability using a dense GPS receiver array

This paper investigates the localized 3D imaging of equatorial ionospheric depletions and mesoscale traveling ionospheric disturbances (MS‐TIDs) with a dense ground‐based GPS receiver array. A tomographic forward model is presented using dual‐frequency GPS measurements from receivers in the Japanese GPS Earth Observation Network (GEONET). The application of inversion techniques to the discrete observation matrix allows a 3D electron density volume to be reconstructed from the GPS total electron content (TEC) measurements. Because the inverse problem is ill‐posed and ill‐conditioned, regularization functionals are used to constrain the solution in the presence of noise. To capture the abrupt height and density variations of the structures, a technique using nonconvex penalty constraints is proposed. The reconstructions have 40 to 50‐km horizontal and 30‐km vertical resolution. Time series of reconstructed images show the evolution and movement of ionospheric structures through the reconstruction region. The results are analyzed and compared with independent ionosonde measurements and vertical TEC (VTEC) maps constructed from the observed GPS data.
Multi-Scale Spatiotemporal Variations and Drivers of PM2.5 in Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei from 2015 to 2020

Understanding the spatiotemporal heterogeneity and complex drivers of PM2.5 concentration variations has important scientific value for sustainable urban development. Taking Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei (BTH) as the research area, and using spatial analysis techniques and wavelet methods to explore the spatiotemporal heterogeneity of variations in PM2.5 concentrations, the research shows that in the past six years (2015–2020), the PM2.5 concentrations in the BTH area have a downward trend, and the mean is 59.41 μg/m3; however, the distribution pattern of PM2.5 pollution has changed very little, and the concentration in the south and southwest is still generally high. The continuous wavelet transform revealed that the PM2.5 concentrations in the study area have a short period of about a week to a half a month and a long period dominated by annual cycle. The effect of a single meteorological factor on PM2.5 concentrations is weak, but this effect has obvious spatial differentiation characteristics from coastal to inland and has a double-sided effect due to different geographical locations. The wavelet transform coherence revealed that dewpoint temperature at 2 m (TED), meridional wind at 10 m (WV) and air temperature at 2 m (TEM) are important single meteorological factors that affect the variation of PM2.5 concentrations. The multiple wavelet coherence reveals that in scenarios where two meteorological factors are combined, the combination of TED-mean wind speed (WS) is the best combination to explain the variation in PM2.5 concentrations (AWC = 0.77, PASC = 41%). In the combination of three meteorological factors, TEM-WV-WS explained the variations of PM2.5 concentrations in the BTH region to the greatest degree (AWC = 0.89, PASC = 45%). Finally, the research shows that the variations of PM2.5 concentrations in the BTH region can be better explained by a combination of 2–3 meteorological factors, among which temperature and wind are the key meteorological factors. This research will provide a new window for the multi-scale variation characteristics and multi-factor control relationship of PM2.5 concentrations in the BTH region and provide a new insight for the prevention and control of air pollution.
Adaptive Decoupling Control of Pulp Levels in Flotation Cells

Control of the pulp levels in flotation cells directly affects the grade of the concentrate and the tailings in a concentration plant. Nevertheless, with strong coupling among cell levels and nonlinearities in the flotation process, conventional control strategies cannot achieve satisfactory control performance. In this paper, a nonlinear multi‐model adaptive decoupling control strategy based on adaptive‐network‐based fuzzy inference systems (ANFIS) is proposed for the flotation process, which includes a linear adaptive decoupling controller, an ANFIS‐based nonlinear adaptive decoupling controller, and a switching mechanism. The proposed method not only improves the transient performance and mitigates effects of the nonlinearities on the system, but also guarantees the input‐output stability of the closed‐loop system. Successful application to the flotation process has been made in a concentration plant in China, and the feasibility and efficiency of the proposed method have been validated.
High-Frequency Pulsatile Parameterization Study for the Titania Ceramic Membrane Fouling Mitigation in Oily Wastewater Systems Using the Box–Behnken Response Surface Methodology

In this comprehensive study, a seven-channel ultrafiltration (UF) titania membrane was used to investigate the impact of the pulsatile cleaning process on the crossflow filtration system. Seventeen experimental runs were performed for different operating conditions with a transmembrane pressure (TMP) varying from 0.5 to 1.5 bar, a crossflow velocity (CFV) ranging from 0.5 to 1 m/s, and pulsatile parameters within an interval varying from 60 to 120 s with a duration of 0.8 s, and collecting membrane permeate flux and volume data. The optimized operating conditions revealed that a TMP of 1.5 bar, a CFV of 0.71 m/s, and a pulsatile cycle of 85 s were the best operating conditions to reach the highest steady permeability flux and volume of 302 LMH and 8.11 L, respectively. The UF ceramic membrane under the optimized inputs allowed for an oil-rejection ability of 99%. The Box–Behnken design (BBD) model was used to analyze the effect of crossflow operating conditions on the permeate flux and volume. The analysis of variance (ANOVA) indicated that the quadratic regression models were highly significant. At a 95% confidence interval, the optimum TMP significantly enhanced the flux and permeate volume simultaneously. The results also demonstrated a positive interaction between the TMP and the pulsatile process, enhancing the permeate flux with a slight impact on the permeate volume. At the same time, the interaction between the CFV and pulsatile flow improved the permeability and increased the permeate volume.
META-ANALYSIS OF THE EFFECT OF THE USE OF JIGSAW TYPE COOPERATIVE MODEL ON STUDENT LEARNING OUTCOMES IN LEARNING NATURAL SCIENCE IN JUNIOR HIGH SCHOOL AND PHYSICS IN SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL

This meta-analysis study aims to analyze the effect size of the use of the jigsaw cooperative model based on education level, material units, and aspects of learning outcomes including knowledge, attitudes, and skills. The research method used is a meta-analysis of 25 articles that have been published in various national and international journals and proceedings. The results of this study are as follows: (1) The use of the type cooperative model jigsaw in improving learning outcomes based on education level, more have an effect on the high school level; (2) The use of the jigsaw type cooperative model in improve learning outcome based on material units, more influential on units optics and thermodynamics material for high school level and affect the unit thermodynamics and vibration & wave materials for junior high school level; (3) The use of the type cooperative model jigsaw in improving learning outcomes has an effect on aspects of attitude, knowledge, and skills.
Conditional Reasoning: The Unruly Syntactics, Semantics, Thematics, and Pragmatics of "If"

Preface 1. Getting Started 2. Conditionals 3. Experimental Approaches to the Study of Conditional Reasoning 4. Logic and Conditional Reasoning 5. Syntactics, Semantics, and Pragmatics in Conditional Reasoning 6. Rule Checking 7. Counterfactual Thinking 8. Counterfactual Thinking 2 9. Conditional Reasoning as Probabilistic Reasoning 10. The Probability of the Conditional and the Conditional Probability 11. Individual Differences 12. Theoretical Accounts of Conditional Reasoning 13. More Theoretical Accounts 14. Final Comments References Index
Quantum mechanical study on complexation phenomenon of pillar[5]arene towards neutral dicyanobutane

ABSTRACT Based on density functional theory calculations, we have addressed the electronic structure, binding and nature of non-covalent interactions between alkylated pillar[5]arene (P[5]A) and 1,4-dicyanobutane (DCB)-based host-guest macrocycles. Neutral 1,4-dicyanobutane-based alkylated DCB_ProP[5]A is found to show higher binding energy when compared to the other three host-guest macrocycles. These complexes are largely stabilised by non-covalent interactions, which are ascertained through NCI and QTAIM analyses. Furthermore, the second-order perturbation energy of NBO analysis show that LP (N) – σ*(C-H) interactions predominate in DCB_ProP[5]A complex. Particularly, alkyl substituents (-methyl, -ethyl and -propyl) are playing a vital role in stabilising the host-guest complexes. In summary, the present work not only exhibits an efficient strategy to build a new family of alkylated P[5]A inclusion complexes but also providing deeper understanding on various non-covalent interactions towards 1,4-dicyanobutane (DCB) guest molecules inside the host environment. Graphical Abstract
Io, the movie

The Keck II Adaptive Optics system and the NIRC2 camera provide a unique facility for high angular resolution imaging and spectroscopy in the near infrared. In this paper, we present the result of a unique project to map the entire surface of Io in the thermal infrared (Lp band centered at 3.8 μm). This project was undertaken by a team from the W. M. Keck Observatory and UC Berkeley to illustrate the power of this instrumentation. The 75-milliarcsec-resolution images, corresponding to ~200 km of linear spatial resolution on Io, have been combined to build a thermal infrared map of the entire satellite. We have identified 26 hot spots including one that was undetected by the Galileo mission. A movie and a Java applet featuring a volcanically active rotating satellite were created.
Discriminating goal-directed and habitual cocaine seeking in rats using a novel outcome devaluation procedure

Habits are theorized to play a key role in compulsive cocaine seeking, yet there is limited methodology for assessing habitual responding for intravenous (IV) cocaine. We developed a novel outcome devaluation procedure to discriminate goal-directed from habitual responding in cocaine-seeking rats. This procedure elicits devaluation temporarily and requires no additional training, allowing repeated testing at different time points. After training male rats to self-administer IV cocaine, we devalued the drug outcome via experimenter-administered IV cocaine (a “satiety” procedure) prior to a 10-min extinction test. Many rats were sensitive to outcome devaluation, a hallmark of goal-directed responding. These animals reduced responding when given a dose of experimenter-administered cocaine that matched or exceeded satiety levels during self-administration. However, other rats were insensitive to experimenter-administered cocaine, suggesting their responding was habitual. Importantly, reinforcement schedules and neural manipulations that produce goal-directed responding (i.e., ratio schedules or dorsolateral striatum lesions) caused sensitivity to outcome devaluation, whereas reinforcement schedules and neural manipulations that produce habitual responding (i.e., interval schedules or dorsomedial striatum lesions) caused insensitivity. Satiety-based outcome devaluation is an innovative new tool to dissect the neural and behavioral mechanisms underlying IV cocaine-seeking behavior.
3D Bioprinting for Pancreas Engineering/Manufacturing

Diabetes is the most common chronic disease in the world, and it brings a heavy burden to people’s health. Against this background, diabetic research, including islet functionalization has become a hot topic in medical institutions all over the world. Especially with the rapid development of microencapsulation and three-dimensional (3D) bioprinting technologies, organ engineering and manufacturing have become the main trends for disease modeling and drug screening. Especially the advanced 3D models of pancreatic islets have shown better physiological functions than monolayer cultures, suggesting their potential in elucidating the behaviors of cells under different growth environments. This review mainly summarizes the latest progress of islet capsules and 3D printed pancreatic organs and introduces the activities of islet cells in the constructs with different encapsulation technologies and polymeric materials, as well as the vascularization and blood glucose control capabilities of these constructs after implantation. The challenges and perspectives of the pancreatic organ engineering/manufacturing technologies have also been demonstrated.
1 ITR / P 105 Mirrors for ITER diagnostics : new R & D developments , assessment of the mirror lifetime and impact of the mirror failure on ITER performance

All optical and laser-based diagnostics in ITER will use mirrors as the first plasma-viewing component. In the harsh radiation and particle environment, optical properties of mirrors will degrade leading to the deteriorated operation of the entire respective mirror-based diagnostics. Prioritized R&D program is underway to ensure the most durable highperformance mirror solution. An analysis of newest developments in the area of first mirrors is presented in this contribution including an overview of the recent results of the mirror test at JET, progress on the laser and plasma cleaning of diagnostic mirrors and a new insight to predictive modeling. Based on these developments, an analytical assessment of the mirror lifetime is given. The combination of the proper mirror material, active and passive techniques for deposition mitigation and mirror cleaning may gain orders of magnitude increase of the mirror lifetime. The description of the risks of mirror failure and the possible consequences of mirror failure for ITER operation is provided. Introduction Plasma-viewing first mirror is known to be the most vulnerable component of ITER optical and laser-based diagnostics. The optical reflectivity of mirror may degrade in the severe conditions of ITER operation, hampering the entire performance of corresponding diagnostics. A multi-area R&D program is established under the guidance and coordination of the Specialists Working Group on First mirrors of the ITPA TG on Diagnostics. The six critical directions are defined and addressed via the work plan (WP) of the coordinated R&D [1]. These directions are: 1. Performance of diagnostic mirrors under erosionand depositiondominated conditions: material choice; 2. Predictive modeling of the performance of diagnostic mirrors in ITER: 3. Mitigation of particle deposition onto mirror surfaces;