Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The unconscious nature of insight: A dual-task paradigm investigation

Background. Insight is a specific part of the thinking process during creative problem solving. The experience of a sudden unexpected solution of the problem makes it distinct from other problem solving. Though the insight problem solving process is hidden from the observer and the solver himself, it is possible to study working memory changes during the problem-solving process in order to observe the tracks of insight. objective. A critical experiment was carried out to determine whether it is legitimate to measure insight-problem-solving dynamics within a dual-task paradigm and working memory model. Also a verification was conducted of the hypothesis of whether insight problem solving competes for cognitive resources with unconscious processes. Design. We designed a special procedure based on Kahneman’s (1973) modified dual-task paradigm, allowing simultaneous performance of the problem-solving process and probe tasks of different types. The reaction time was measured for the probe task. There were two problems conditions (insight and regular), and two probe tasks conditions (implicit and explicit). Participants: 32 participants, aged from 18 to 32 years (M = 19.81; σ = 2.51). Results. Significant differences in implicit probe reaction time were found between the dual-task condition (implicit categorization and insight problem solving) and solo implicit probe condition (t(15) = –3.21, p = . 006, d = –. 76). A joint effect of problem type and probe type was found (F(1, 60)= 4.85, p = . 035, ηp = . 07). conclusion. The results support the idea that information processing of conscious and of unconscious processes are separate. Unconscious processing capacity is limited. Implicit skill seems to be operated by the same mechanisms as insight problem solving, therefore competing for a common resource. It was also shown that such hidden creative unconscious processes as insight can be tracked via working memory load.
Phosphopeptide binding by Sld3 links Dbf4‐dependent kinase to MCM replicative helicase activation

The initiation of eukaryotic DNA replication requires the assembly of active CMG (Cdc45‐MCM‐GINS) helicases at replication origins by a set of conserved and essential firing factors. This process is controlled during the cell cycle by cyclin‐dependent kinase (CDK) and Dbf4‐dependent kinase (DDK), and in response to DNA damage by the checkpoint kinase Rad53/Chk1. Here we show that Sld3, previously shown to be an essential CDK and Rad53 substrate, is recruited to the inactive MCM double hexamer in a DDK‐dependent manner. Sld3 binds specifically to DDK‐phosphorylated peptides from two MCM subunits (Mcm4, 6) and then recruits Cdc45. MCM mutants that cannot bind Sld3 or Sld3 mutants that cannot bind phospho‐MCM or Cdc45 do not support replication. Moreover, phosphomimicking mutants in Mcm4 and Mcm6 bind Sld3 without DDK and facilitate DDK‐independent replication. Thus, Sld3 is an essential “reader” of DDK phosphorylation, integrating signals from three distinct protein kinase pathways to coordinate DNA replication during S phase.
The distribution of calibrated likelihood-ratios in speaker recognition

This paper studies properties of the score distributions of calibrated log-likelihood-ratios that are used in automatic speaker recognition. We derive the essential condition for calibration that the log likelihood ratio of the log-likelihood-ratio is the log-likelihood-ratio. We then investigate what the consequence of this condition is to the probability density functions (PDFs) of the loglikelihood-ratio score. We show that if the PDF of the non-target distribution is Gaussian, then the PDF of the target distribution must be Gaussian as well. The means and variances of these two PDFs are interrelated, and determined completely by the discrimination performance of the recognizer characterized by the equal error rate. These relations allow for a new way of computing the offset and scaling parameters for linear calibration, and we derive closed-form expressions for these and show that for modern i-vector systems with PLDA scoring this leads to good calibration, comparable to traditional logistic regression, over a wide range of system performance.
The interaction of representation and reasoning

Automated reasoning is an enabling technology for many applications of informatics. These applications include verifying that a computer program meets its specification; enabling a robot to form a plan to achieve a task and answering questions by combining information from diverse sources, e.g. on the Internet, etc. How is automated reasoning possible? Firstly, knowledge of a domain must be stored in a computer, usually in the form of logical formulae. This knowledge might, for instance, have been entered manually, retrieved from the Internet or perceived in the environment via sensors, such as cameras. Secondly, rules of inference are applied to old knowledge to derive new knowledge. Automated reasoning techniques have been adapted from logic, a branch of mathematics that was originally designed to formalize the reasoning of humans, especially mathematicians. My special interest is in the way that representation and reasoning interact. Successful reasoning is dependent on appropriate representation of both knowledge and successful methods of reasoning. Failures of reasoning can suggest changes of representation. This process of representational change can also be automated. We will illustrate the automation of representational change by drawing on recent work in my research group.
GENDER An Exploratory Investigation of Americans ’ Expression of Gender Bias Before and After the 2016 Presidential Election

Did the 2016 U.S. presidential election’s outcome affect Americans’ expression of gender bias? Drawing on theories linking leadership with intergroup attitudes, we proposed it would. A pre-registered exploratory survey of two independent samples of Americans preand post-election (Ns=1,098 and 1,192) showed no pre-post differences in modern sexism, concern with the gender pay gap, or perceptions of gender inequality and progress overall. However, supporters of Donald Trump (but not of Hillary Clinton) expressed greater modern sexism postversus pre-election – which in turn predicted reporting lower disturbance with the gender pay gap, perceiving less discrimination against women but more against men, greater progress toward gender equality, and greater female representation at top levels in the U.S. Results were reliable when evaluated against four robustness standards, thereby offering suggestive evidence of how historic events may affect gender-bias expression. We discuss the theoretical implications for intergroup attitudes and their expression.
An agent-based search engine based on the Internet search service on the CORBA

Search services are important tools in the World Wide Web. In general, these standard Web search engines are far from ideal. Many researchers have therefore implemented the multi-engine search service (MESS) using meta-broker. However these MESS prove difficult when integrating a new search engine. On the other hand, applications that need the search service ability also prove difficult using these MESS. In this paper we propose an Internet search service (ISS) based on CORBA. We follow the style of Common Object Service Specification to define the interface of ISS, so that it is not only easily to integrate any search engine into multi-search services, but can also be queried by application programs. In addition, two search engine agents are implemented in our project, one is for Yahoo and the other is for AltaVista. Programmers can use this interface to code their search engine agent or to query the search service in their applications. Finally, we build a heterogeneous search engine agent based on this architecture.
Screening of Rice Endophytic Biofertilizers with Fungicide Tolerance and Plant Growth-Promoting Characteristics

The application of pesticides is unavoidable in conventional agricultural practice. To develop effective biofertilizers, bacterial strains with both pesticide tolerance and plant growth-promoting (PGP) traits were isolated for further testing. Seedlings of rice (Oryza sativa) were planted in soil with 1, 5, or 10 times the recommended rates of the fungicides etridiazole, metalaxyl, and tricyclazole. Endophytic bacteria were isolated from roots of rice seedlings. The bacterial 16S rDNA sequences and related PGP characteristics including potential nitrogen fixation, phosphorus-solubilizing and indole acetic acid (IAA) production ability were further examined. In all, 17 different strains were obtained from rice seedling roots; five strains with both nitrogen fixation potential and IAA production ability included Rhizobium larrymoorei E2, Bacillus aryabhattai E7, Bacillus aryabhattai MN1, Pseudomonas granadensis T6, and Bacillus fortis T9. Except for T9, all strains could tolerate two or more fungicides. We inoculated rice roots with the endophytic bacteria and all conferred rice growth-promoting ability. Bacillus aryabhattai MN1 was further tested and showed high tryptophan dose-dependent IAA production ability, tolerance towards etridiazole and metalaxyl application and should be considered a potential bacterial biofertilizer.
Working Memory and Academic Achievement in Children With Attention-deficit Hyperactivity Disorder

This study used pre-existing data to examine whether children with ADHD, with and without working memory (WM) deficits, differ in their academic achievement and clinical profiles. 73 children (26% female), aged 6-12 years, with a confirmed diagnosis of ADHD had completed standardized achievement tests of reading, mathematics, and written language. Six WM measures and three parent and teacher questionnaires probing behaviour and executive functioning were administered. Of the sample, only 26% met the criteria for a WM deficit. Children with WM impairments were found to perform significantly worse than those without WM impairment on all achievement clusters, with no clinical profile differences. Poor WM is not universal in ADHD, but its presence is associated with lower academic achievement scores. Clinicians and educators should consider that underlying impairments in WM may be the contributing factors to academic difficulties in children with ADHD. Interventions targeting WM skills need to be implemented.
Applying Alternative Decision-making Approaches to a Complex Supplier Selection Problem

Prior work has been completed on understanding how an organization’s decision-making approach can influence the selection of alternative vendors when setting up a supply chain system. Teams using different decision-making approaches on identical performance data did end with different vendor recommendations. One possible explanation of this result was that the data set on vendor performance was limited to five vendors and four variables; however the decision-making approaches had significantly different cognitive requirements. The team members preferred cognitively simple approaches such as Weighted Sum and to a lesser degree SMART with this relatively limited data set. The more cognitively complex approaches, TOPIS, AHP, and ELECTRE, had lower preference levels. This paper reports on an extension to the original work where team members utilized the same set of five decision-making approaches, but applied them to a more complex vendor selection problem. Results indicate that the vendor selection recommendations had less variability than the previous study, team members appeared more comfortable with their results, and better able to explain their work to managers when approaches that were more cognitively complex were used. The team members did report some time issues completing their work with some decision-making approaches.
Social influence in investigative interviews: The effects of reciprocity

Appl Cognit Psychol. 2018;32:163–170. Summary This study examined how a principle of social influence—reciprocity—affects the informational elements produced in an investigative interview. Participants from 3 ethnic/cultural groups recruited from the community either received a bottle of water or not prior to their engaging in an investigative interview, in which they either told the truth or lied about having committed a mock crime. Three different informational elements (Relevant details, Irrelevant details, and Plausibility) were coded from their responses, and rapport in the interaction was coded from video. Offering water facilitated greater rapport and influenced the informational elements. These effects were moderated by Veracity condition: For liars, offering water produced more Relevant details and greater Plausibility in the statements and this effect was mediated by rapport. Ethnicity/culture did not moderate these findings. These findings suggested the applicability of principles of social influence in investigative interviews across cultures/ethnicities and had theoretical, empirical, and practical implications.
Analog RFIC and MMIC designs for mm-wave mobile backhaul radios

The increasing use of mobile services engage prospective challenges in the development of the mobile network infrastructure. Innovative and environmentally sustainable hardware solutions are necessary to accommodate higher data-rates at low cost and to meet authority regulations. This thesis presents advances and innovative circuit topologies in front-end electronics for mobile backhaul to facilitate and encourage the use of wideband communication at mm-wave frequencies. Circuit demonstrators such as power amplifier, analog pre-distorter and modulator MMICs and a variable gain amplifier RFIC have been designed, analyzed and characterized. Enhancement techniques for increasing the output power, efficiency and linearity are demonstrated with two power amplifiers, one at the V-band (5764GHz) and one at E-band (71-76, 81-86 and 92-95GHz). Using stacked transistors at the output stage, higher output power and gain can be obtained. In microstrip configuration, the stacked transistor is prone to be unstable. This is addressed with a new stacked transistor layout configuration for increased stability. The new stacked transistor layout is supported by simulations and is verified by small and large signal measurements. 25 dBm output power and 15% PAE are demonstrated with a power amplifier MMIC at 60GHz. Linearity is addressed by designing an analog pre-distorter at the E-band whose nonlinear response mimics the inverse response of the power amplifier. The predistorter and power amplifier were characterized by two-tone excitation and a modulated signal, demonstrating carrier to third order intermodulation better than 40 dBc up to 17.5 dBm output power and, reduced spectral regrowth at 17dBm average output power using 64QAM. Targeting the mm-wave wideband point-to-point communication windows at E-band and D-band (141-148.5, 151.5-164 and 167-174.8GHz), two linear quadrature modulators have been designed. The E-band design covers 70-95GHz and incorporates an integrated differential branchline coupler and common-mode rejection filters to enhance LO-RF port isolation. LO to RF isolation higher than 30 dB, conversion loss of 11 dB and third order intercept point of 13 dBm have been achieved. At D-band, a novel conversion-efficient subharmonic topology that isolates the carrier from the output has been proposed and demonstrated. Conversion loss of 11 dB and linear output power up to -2 dBm have been measured. Employing input dc offsets to further suppress the 2×LO at the RF port, the 2×LO to RF suppression was measured > 70 dB. This enables conversion-efficient topologies to be used in E-band and D-band transmitters. For high data-rate communication, a wideband variable gain amplifier is de-
Incidence of drug‐induced hepatic injuries: A French population‐based study

The incidence of hepatic adverse drug reactions (ADRs) remains unknown in the general population. The goal of this population‐based study was to assess the incidence and seriousness of hepatic ADRs. All new cases of symptomatic drug‐induced hepatic injuries were collected by 139 trained physicians (general practitioners [GPs] and specialists) between November 1997 and November 2000 in an area containing 81,301 inhabitants who could not go elsewhere for medical care. Over 3 years, 34 cases of hepatic ADRs were collected, 82% of them in outpatients. Global crude annual incidence rate was 13.9 ± 2.4 per 100,000 inhabitants; corresponding standardized annual global rate was 8.1 ± 1.5. There was no difference between urban and rural areas. Standardized incidence female/male ratio was 0.86 (0.26‐2.90) until 49 years of age and 2.62 (1.00‐6.92) after this age. Diagnosis was carried out by GPs in half of the cases. The outcome was recovery for 32 patients and death for 2. The main drugs implicated were anti‐infectious, psychotropic, hypolipidemic agents, and nonsteroidal anti‐inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs). Our results suggest that the number of hepatic ADRs in the French population would be 16 times greater than the number noted by spontaneous reporting to French regulatory authorities. In conclusion, the incidence and seriousness of drug‐induced hepatitis are largely underestimated in the general population. These results may be useful for further evaluation of drug‐induced hepatotoxicity.
1 Formation of Secondary Organic Aerosols by 2 Germicidal Ultraviolet Light 3

Ultraviolet (UV) light with a wavelength of 254 nm has proven to be effective at 9 inactivating microorganisms, and thus has been increasingly employed as a method of 10 disinfection for indoor environments. Solar UV wavelengths (300 to 400 nm) are known to 11 initiate the formation of secondary organic aerosol (SOA) particles from photo-oxidation of 12 volatile organic compounds in the atmosphere, but germicidal wavelengths have not been 13 extensively studied for indoor environments. In this work, toluene was exposed to 254 nm UV 14 light in a laboratory photoreactor, with varying conditions of the air, the duration of UV 15 exposure, and the duration of post-UV time. The number of particles formed in the fine 16 particulate matter (PM2.5) size range was measured, and significant levels of particle formation 17 were observed for UV exposure periods of as short as 5 minutes. The particle formation ranged 18 from 2.4x106 particles/m3 for 5 minutes of UV exposure, to 1449.8x106 particles/m3 for 15 minutes 19 of UV exposure. Particle formation was found to increase with increasing concentrations of gas 20 phase toluene, and at relative humidity of approximately 20% and higher. Variations in the 21 initial number of particles present did not appear to have a significant effect on the particle 22 formation, suggesting that nucleation was not a controlling factor. However, tests in a 23 commercial environment showed no significant detectable PM2.5 formation, indicating that 24 SOA formation during the intermittent use of germicidal UV may not significantly affect indoor 25 air quality. 26
Carbon Mass Balance Evaluation of Cellulase Production on Soluble and Insoluble Substrates

A methodology is described and applied for performing carbon mass balances across cellulase enzyme production processes using both soluble sugar and insoluble cellulose substrates. The fungus Trichoderma reesei was grown on either glucose, lactose, or cellulose in aerobic batch mode, and the evolution of the main carbonaceous components (cell mass, cellulose, soluble protein, adsorbed protein, sugars, and carbon dioxide) was followed. A variety of analytical techniques were utilized to measure these components, including (i) gravimetric analysis, (ii) near‐infrared spectroscopy, (iii) bicinchoninic acid based soluble protein measurement, (iv) gas mass spectrometry and flow rate, (v) CHNS/O elemental analyses, and (vi) high‐performance liquid chromatography. The combined set of measurements allowed carbon mass balances across the cellulase production process to be assessed to determine the consistency of the underlying kinetic data. Results demonstrate the capability to determine the levels and distribution of all major carbonaceous components during the cellulase production process on both soluble and insoluble substrates. Average carbon mass balance closures were near 100% during early stages (<72 h) of the cultivations using glucose, lactose, or cellulose as the substrates, but carbon mass closures trended high later in the cultivation. Analysis of carbon allocation results suggests that an error in the gas mass flow rate measurement was the primary cause for carbon mass balance closures to exceed 110% late in the process.
SFB 823 Bayesian T-optimal discriminating designs

The problem of constructing Bayesian optimal discriminating designs for a class of regression models with respect to the T -optimality criterion introduced by Atkinson and Fedorov (1975a) is considered. It is demonstrated that the discretization of the integral with respect to the prior distribution leads to locally T -optimal discriminating design problems with a large number of model comparisons. Current methodology for the numerical construction of discrimination designs can only deal with a few comparisons, but the discretization of the Bayesian prior easily yields to discrimination design problems for more than 100 competing models. A new efficient method is developed to deal with problems of this type. It combines some features of the classical exchange type algorithm with the gradient methods. Convergence is proved and it is demonstrated that the new method can find Bayesian optimal discriminating designs in situations where all currently available procedures fail. Keyword and Phrases: Design of experiment, Bayesian optimal design; model discrimination; gradient methods; model uncertainty AMS Subject Classification: 62K05
Switching ferroelectric domain configurations using both electric and magnetic fields in Pb ( Zr , Ti ) O 3 – Pb

Thin single crystal lamellae cut from Pb(Zr,Ti)O3‐Pb(Fe,Ta)O3 ceramic samples have been integrated into simple coplanar capacitor devices. The influence of applied electric and magnetic fields on ferroelectric domain configurations has been mapped, using piezoresponse force microscopy. The extent to which magnetic fields alter the ferroelectric domains was found to be strongly history dependent: after switching had been induced by applying electric fields, the susceptibility of the domains to change under a magnetic field (the effective magnetoelectric coupling parameter) was large. Such large, magnetic field‐induced changes resulted in a remanent domain state very similar to the remanent state induced by an electric field. Subsequent magnetic field reversal induced more modest ferroelectric switching.