Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Supervised Coarse-Graining of Composite Objects

We consider supervised dimension reduction for regression with composite object-valued predictors, which are composed of primitive variables located on an underlying relevant space. For example, this type of predictor can refer to a number of time-stamped events or a collection of interactions between units indexed by spatial coordinates. To facilitate regression analysis on such data, it is desirable to reduce the complex object into a malleable vector form with a tradeoff between homogeneity and heterogeneity. In this article, we introduce a tree-guided supervised dimension reduction method, called multiscale coarsegraining, that uses the similarity among primitive variables for deriving a part-subpart hierarchical representation of the composite object, and chooses non-uniform resolutions according to the relevance to the response. We propose a multiscale extension of the generalized double Pareto prior based on parameter expansion, which induces simultaneous deletion and fusion of the primitive variables through adaptive shrinkage estimation. We demonstrate the practical utility of our approach with an application in soccer analytics, in which we obtain coarse-grained visualizations of spatial passing networks under the supervision of team performance.
Journal of Medicinally Active Plants Journal of Medicinally Active Plants Flavonoid-associated direct loss of rotavirus antigen/antigen Flavonoid-associated direct loss of rotavirus antigen/antigen activity in cell-free suspension activity in cell-free suspension

Secondary plant metabolites, such as the flavonoids epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG) and proanthocyanidins (PAC) have been linked to numerous health promoting activities. Studies addressing flavonoid antiviral activity, however, have been directed towards testing infectivity and investigating inhibition of metabolic processes associated with viral growth in the host cell. Few studies have addressed the direct loss of viral activity by plant metabolites in a cell-free system. In the current study, the extent of antiviral activity by a structurally diverse group of flavonoids present in cranberry juice and grape juice (proanthocyanidins), citrus fruits (hesperidin, naringin, and diosmin), and green tea (catechins) was investigated using a quantitative antigen capture enzyme linked immunoassay (ELISA) in a cell-free system of simian rotavirus strain SA-11 (RTV). The RTV, representative of an enteric virus, was placed in MA104 cell cultures and tested by endpoint dilution. PACs at 100 and
Waves of Hope: The U.S. Navy's Response to the Tsunami in Northern Indonesia

Abstract : The powerful underwater earthquake that occurred off the coast of Sumatra on 26 December 2004 generated the most destructive tsunami ever recorded, drowning more than 150,000 people without warning in exposed littoral areas from Indonesia to South Africa. The destruction was particularly severe in the Aceh Province of Indonesia. Humanitarian relief has long been recognized as a mission of the American armed forces and of the U.S. Navy in particular. U.S. Pacific Command (PACOM) immediately established an Operations Planning Team (OPT) at PACOM Headquarters at Camp H.M. Smith in Honolulu, Hawaii. On 28 December it formed Joint Task Force (JTF) 536 to plan and execute Operation UNIFIED ASSISTANCE. Working closely with the Indonesian government and military, the Navy delivered, beginning within days of the disaster, vast quantities of emergency food and other supplies and provided on-the-spot emergency medical treatment to thousands of injured and displaced persons along the Aceh coast. During UNIFIED ASSISTANCE, sea basing proved to be a culturally sensitive and politically flexible response to a natural disaster in a region dominated by Muslims and the scene of an active domestic insurgency. Hard power assets, like the aircraft carrier and support ships provided by the U.S. Navy, in conjunction with air support and personnel from the Army,Marine Corps, and Air Force, provided tremendous soft power effects. This operation produced enormous goodwill, in particular when compared to the experience of other powers in the region like China that could not send similar forces. This book tells the story of unified assistance.
Effects of anaerobically digested sludge on the oxidation of pyrite and the formation of acid mine drainage

Anaerobically digested municipal sanitary sewage sludge has been mixed with the mine soil at the Palzo Mine, Williamson County, Illinois in an effort to retard the oxidation of the pyrite that is present throughout the mine soil and so decrease the amount of acid mine drainage that forms. To evaluate this treatment, experiments were conducted which examined the oxidation rate of various mixtures of pyrite and sludge as well as each component separately. The experiments show that the oxidation rate is controlled by the pyrite present until a low component ratio of 2 to 1 is reached where the rate drops significantly. Experiments with both treated and untreated mine soil samples showed that treated samples gave Eh and pH values similar to the low ratio mixtures, while the untreated samples had values close to those recorded in the experiments where pyrite dominated the reaction rate. The results of these experiments suggest that the treatment of acid mine drainage producing mine soils with anaerobically digested sludge improves the quality of the drainage on and from the area by causing ferric hydroxide to precipitate and coat the pyrite present and thus prevent the continued oxidation reaction sequence. In this process, sludge ismore » oxidized and must be replaced to hold the conditions on the site stable. « less
Effects of Retinol on Activation of Latent Transforming Growth Factor- (cid:98) by Isolated Osteoclasts*

The multifunctional cytokine, transforming growth factor- (cid:98) (TGF (cid:98) ), is found in many tissues in a latent or inactive form. The nature and composition of the latent complex can vary depending on tissue type. The release of active TGF (cid:98) from its latent complex is a potentially important mechanism for regulation of TGF (cid:98) activity. We have shown previously that osteoclasts activate latent TGF (cid:98) pro- duced by bone and that bone cells produce a 100-kDa latent complex that lacks the latent TGF (cid:98) -binding protein. Here we investigated the effects of retinol on osteoclast activation of various forms of latent TGF (cid:98) . Two sources of osteoclasts were used that provide either ma- ture avian osteoclasts or avian osteoclast precursors. Whereas both cell populations activate latent TGF (cid:98) , only mature osteoclasts re- spond to retinol with an increase in activation of latent TGF (cid:98) over basal levels. Activation could not be ascribed to pH changes in con-ditionedmedium.Nonacid-dissociable100-kDalatentcomplex,whichisalsoproducedbybonecells,wasaddedtomatureosteoclastsandtoosteoclastprecursors,butnoactivationwasobserved.PlateletlatentTGF (cid:98) , which contains the 130-kDa latent TGF (cid:98) -binding pro- tein, was activated by both osteoclast populations. Conditioned medium from the precursor population activated latent complex, whereas conditioned medium from mature cells did not. Activation of latent TGF (cid:98) by retinol-treated mature cells was not blocked by in- hibitors of plasmin, nor was activation by conditioned medium from precursor cells. These data suggest that retinol-induced activation of latentTGF (cid:98) byosteoclastsisdependentonthestageofdifferentiation ofthesecellsandthepresenceofothercelltypes,andthatunlikeothercellsystems,theplasmin-plasminogenactivatormechanismisnotinvolved. ( Endocrinology 138: 657–666,
Cellular Statistical Models of Broken Cloud Fields. Part IV: Effects of Pixel Size on Idealized Satellite Observations

In the fourth part of our “Cellular Statistical Models of Broken Cloud Fields” series we use the binary Markov processes framework for quantitative investigation of the effects of low resolution of idealized satellite observations on the statistics of the retrieved cloud masks. We assume that the cloud fields are Markovian and are characterized by the “actual” cloud fraction (CF) and scale length. We use two different models of observations: a simple discrete-point sampling and a more realistic “pixel” protocol. The latter is characterized by a state attribution function (SAF), which has the meaning of the probability that the pixel with a certain CF is declared cloudy in the observed cloud mask. The stochasticity of the SAF means that the cloud–clear attribution is not ideal and can be affected by external or unknown factors. We show that the observed cloud masks can be accurately described as Markov chains of pixels and use the master matrix formalism (introduced in Part III of the series) for analytical computation of their parameters: the “observed” CF and scale length. This procedure allows us to establish a quantitative relationship (which is pixel-size dependent) between the actual and the observed cloud-field statistics. The feasibility of restoring the former from the latter is considered. The adequacy of our analytical approach to idealized observations is evaluated using numerical simulations. Comparison of the observed parameters of the simulated datasets with their theoretical expectations showed an agreement within 0.005 for the CF, while for the scale length it is within 1% in the sampling case and within 4% in the pixel case.
Identification of a Conserved Non-Protein-Coding Genomic Element that Plays an Essential Role in Alphabaculovirus Pathogenesis

Highly homologous sequences 154–157 bp in length grouped under the name of “conserved non-protein-coding element” (CNE) were revealed in all of the sequenced genomes of baculoviruses belonging to the genus Alphabaculovirus. A CNE alignment led to the detection of a set of highly conserved nucleotide clusters that occupy strictly conserved positions in the CNE sequence. The significant length of the CNE and conservation of both its length and cluster architecture were identified as a combination of characteristics that make this CNE different from known viral non-coding functional sequences. The essential role of the CNE in the Alphabaculovirus life cycle was demonstrated through the use of a CNE-knockout Autographa californica multiple nucleopolyhedrovirus (AcMNPV) bacmid. It was shown that the essential function of the CNE was not mediated by the presumed expression activities of the protein- and non-protein-coding genes that overlap the AcMNPV CNE. On the basis of the presented data, the AcMNPV CNE was categorized as a complex-structured, polyfunctional genomic element involved in an essential DNA transaction that is associated with an undefined function of the baculovirus genome.
Man and the landscape.

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Advanced sequence classification techniques applied to online handwriting recognition

The term handwriting recognition (HWR) denotes the process of transforming a language, which is represented in its spatial form of graphical marks, into its symbolic representation. Online HWR performs this task concurrently to the writing process. The present thesis studies high-accuracy recognition methods applied to online HWR. Those methods have been implemented within the writer independent online HWR system frog on hand (f reiburg recognition of on-line handwriting). In online HWR, data are typically represented as vector sequences. In addition to HWR, vector sequence data appear in a number of additional pattern recognition problems, for instance, in speech recognition, genome processing, financial and medical applications, and robotics. For those problems, designing classifiers that directly address the data’s natural representation can greatly improve the recognition accuracy, compared to a potential pre-applied transformation to vector space data. Beside introducing novel online HWR approaches, a concern of this thesis is also to develop broadly applicable pattern recognition techniques, which are generic to this bouquet of sequence data problems. Emphasis is placed on classification. This thesis describes two complementary classification methods, one of them (CSDTW) falling into the so-called generative, the other one (SVMGDTW) into the so-called discriminative classification category. The generative CSDTW (cluster generative statistical dynamic time warping) is a scalable sequence classification, which aims at holistically combining sequence cluster analysis and statistical modeling. Contrary to previous approaches, these two aspects are embedded in a single feature space and use a closely related distance measure. As will be shown, this combined modeling leads to very accurate HWR results. Particularly interesting in the context of statistical classification, like CSDTW, is the modeling of so-called directional data (i.e., data which corresponds to a direction, thus, in 2D is distributed on the unit circle; opposed to directional data, linear data is distributed along the real line). In online HWR directional data appear as a valuable feature by means of the angular pen trace direction. This thesis describes a unified modeling of directional and linear data within
Angular Analysis of D 0 → π + π − μ + μ − and D 0 → K + K − μ + μ − Decays and Search for CP Violation

The first full angular analysis and an updated measurement of the decay-rate CP asymmetry of the D 0 → π þ π − μ þ μ − and D 0 → K þ K − μ þ μ − decays are reported. The analysis uses proton-proton collision data collected with the LHCb detector at center-of-mass energies of 7, 8, and 13 TeV. The dataset corresponds to an integrated luminosity of 9 fb − 1 . The full set of CP -averaged angular observables and their CP asymmetries are measured as a function of the dimuon invariant mass. The results are consistent with expectations from the standard model and with CP symmetry.
Effect of defoliant application at different stages of boll maturity and doses of sulfur on yield and quality of upland cotton.

A study was carried out during 2004 and 2005 for exploring the response of cotton to defoliant (Thidiazuron) application at various stages of boll maturity an d various doses of sulfur on seed cotton yield and fiber quality parameters at Cotton Research Station, Dera Ismail Khan, Pakistan. Cultivar CIM-473 was planted in split plot design, keeping no application of defoliant, appl ication at 50 and 60% boll maturity as main plots and sulfur doses of 0, 6, 12 and 24 kg ha -1 were adjusted in sub-plots. Bolls plant , boll weight (g), seed cotton yield, fiber fineness and fiber uniformity index w re significantly affected by defoliant application at different stages, various doses of sulfur and their interaction. S eed cotton yield was greater in the plots where defoliant was applied at the time of 60% boll maturity and th e sulfur was also applied @ 24 kg ha -1 during both the years of study. Harvesting was done in this treatment tw enty five days earlier than control. While the lowest seed cotton yield was recorded in the plots where neither defol iant was applied nor was the sulfur applied during both the years of experimentation. Quality traits like f b r strength, lint % and staple length were nonsignificantly affected by defoliant application, various doses of s ulfur and their interaction during both the years of experimentation. However, fiber fineness and uniformity ind ex were significantly affected by defoliant application at various stages. It was concluded that for getti ng early crop with more seed cotton yield of best fiber quality, the cotton crop should be given defoliant appli cation at 60% boll maturity stage along with sulfur dose of 24 kg ha -1 under agro-climatic conditions of Dera Ismail Khan, Pakistan.
Biodegradable Chitosan Nanoparticle Coatings on Titanium for the Delivery of BMP-2

A simple method for the functionalization of a common implant material (Ti6Al4V) with biodegradable, drug loaded chitosan-tripolyphosphate (CS-TPP) nanoparticles is developed in order to enhance the osseointegration of endoprostheses after revision operations. The chitosan used has a tailored degree of acetylation which allows for a fast biodegradation by lysozyme. The degradability of chitosan is proven via viscometry. Characteristics and degradation of nanoparticles formed with TPP are analyzed using dynamic light scattering. The particle degradation via lysozyme displays a decrease in particle diameter of 40% after 4 days. Drug loading and release is investigated for the nanoparticles with bone morphogenetic protein 2 (BMP-2), using ELISA and the BRE luciferase test for quantification and bioactivity evaluation. Furthermore, nanoparticle coatings on titanium substrates are created via spray-coating and analyzed by ellipsometry, scanning electron microscopy and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. Drug loaded nanoparticle coatings with biologically active BMP-2 are obtained in vitro within this work. Additionally, an in vivo study in mice indicates the dose dependent induction of ectopic bone growth through CS-TPP-BMP-2 nanoparticles. These results show that biodegradable CS-TPP coatings can be utilized to present biologically active BMP-2 on common implant materials like Ti6Al4V.
Evaluating the AK Block, A Sized Non-Cutback Snow Test

The AK Block is a snow test block sized to the tester’s weight and their ski or snowboard contact length, dug out on three sides, and loaded much like a Rutschblock. It is a quick test that samples a large area, eliminates the back cut, compensates for tester weight, yields a numerical score, and gives direct sensory feedback. The Southeast Alaska Avalanche Center staff has evaluated the AK Block over the last four winters in a wide range of snow conditions. Statistical analysis indicates that its lack of a back cut does not make a significant difference, the sizing model appears to work but needs a larger sample to fully refine and verify it, and the AK Block and Rutschblock are comparable as weak predictors of avalanche activity. As input into the Stability Wheel, both tests are stronger predictors. This paper includes a simplified block-sizing table and a practical how-to guide.
Arrow’s (im)possibility theorem

Arrow's (im)possibility theorem is one of the most famous and important contri- butions in economics. It concerns the difficulty to aggregate a set of individual preferences, given as rankings of a set of available alternatives, into a unique social preferences ranking via a social welfare function, or into a unique social choice. Arrow proves that in a specific framework, it is impossible to find a social welfare function which simultaneously satisfies four conditions: universal domain, weak Pareto principle, independence of irrelevant alternatives, and no dictator. Our no- tice presents this theorem, one of its proofs, and, we hope, invites the reader to discover social choice theory
Automated Compositional Abstraction Re nement for Concurrent C Programs : A Two-Level Approach 1

The state space explosion problem in model checking remains the chief obstacle to the practical veri cation of real-world distributed systems. We attempt to address this problem in the context of verifying concurrent (message-passing) C programs against safety speci cations. More speci cally, we present a fully automated compositional framework which combines two orthogonal abstraction techniques (operating respectively on data and events) within a counterexample-guided abstraction re nement (CEGAR) scheme. In this way, our algorithm incrementally increases the granularity of the abstractions until the speci cation is either established or refuted. Our explicit use of compositionality delays the onset of state space explosion for as long as possible. To our knowledge, this is the rst compositional use of CEGAR in the context of model checking concurrent C programs. We describe our approach in detail, and report on some very encouraging preliminary experimental results obtained with our tool MAGIC.