Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Informativeness and Lexical Learning

The relationship between informativeness and speed of lexical acquisition was explored with 4 preschool subjects. They were taught nonsense words under four conditions of change in word presentation. Speed of acquisition was greatest for 3 of 4 subjects in the condition of least change. Total correct responses were mixed across conditions for the 4 subjects. Limitations of the current procedures are discussed in light of the complexity of this issue and the need for additional research.
Deleterious effects of short-term, high-intensity exercise on immune function: evidence from leucocyte mitochondrial alterations and apoptosis

Background: Although moderate exercise can benefit health, acute and vigorous exercise may have the opposite effect. Strenuous exercise can induce alterations in the physiology and viability of circulating leucocytes, which have a causal relationship with exercise-induced immune distress. Objectives: To investigate the use of mitochondrial transmembrane potential (MTP), a functional marker of the energy and viability status of leucocytes, for monitoring the immunomodulating effects of short-term, high-intensity exercise. Methods: 12 healthy volunteers with a mean Vo2max of 70.4 ml/kg/min carried out 3 consecutive days of high-intensity exercise (85% of Vo2max for 30 min every day). Blood samples were collected at multiple time points immediately before and after each exercise session and at 24 and 72 h after the completion of exercise. Leucocyte MTP, apoptosis and circulatory inflammation markers were measured by flow cytometry and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays. Results: MTP of peripheral blood leucocytes had declined immediately after the first exercise session and remained subnormal 24 h later. It did not normalise until 72 h after exercise. The sequential changes in MTP were consistent among the three leucocyte subpopulations (polymorphonuclear neutrophils, lymphocytes and monocytes) and were significant (p<0.05). Leucocytes displayed a gradual and incremental change in their propensity for apoptosis during and after exercise. Similarly, plasma concentrations of tumour necrosis factor-α and soluble Fas ligand were raised during the exercise sessions and had not normalised by 72 h after the completion of exercise. Correlation between changes in leucocyte MTP and plasma concentrations of tumour necrosis factor-α and soluble Fas ligand was variable, but significant for polymorphonuclear neutrophils and lymphocytes (p<0.05). Conclusions: Short-term, high-intensity exercise can lead to a significant and prolonged dysfunction of the mitochondrial energy status of peripheral blood leucocytes, which is accompanied by an increased propensity for apoptosis and raised pro-inflammatory mediators. These results support the immunosuppressive effects of excessive exercise and suggest that MTP is a useful marker of these effects.
A Neural Network Performing Boolean Logic Operations

A neural network, composed of neurons of two types, able to perform Boolean operations is presented. Based on recursive definition of ”basic Boolean operations” the proposed model, for any fixed number of input variables, can either realize all of them paralelly, or accomplish any chosen one of them alone. Moreover, possibilities of combining a few such networks into more complex structures in order to perform superpositions of basic operations are disscussed. The general concept of neural implementation of First Order logic (FO) based on the presented network is also introduced.
Diagnose crashing faults on production software

Software crashes are severe manifestations of software faults. Especially, software crashes in production software usually result in bad user experiences. Therefore, crashing faults mostly are required to be fixed with a high priority. Diagnosing crashing faults on production software is non-trivial, due to the characteristics of production environment. In general, it is required to address two major challenges. First, crash reports in production software are usually numerous, since production software is used by a large number of end users in various environments and configurations. Especially, a single fault may manifest as different crash reports, which makes the prioritizing debugging and understanding faults difficult. Second, deployed software is required to run with minimal overhead and cannot afford a heavyweight instrumentation approach to collect program execution information. Furthermore, end users require that the logged information should not reveal sensitive production data. This thesis contributes for developing crashing fault diagnosis tools that can be used in production environment.
Effects of short-term exposure to paralytic shellfish toxins on clearance rates and toxin uptake in five species of New Zealand bivalve

Algal blooms produced by toxic dinoflagellates have increased worldwide, resulting in economic losses to aquaculture and fisheries. Bivalve species differ in their ability to feed on toxin-producing dinoflagellates and this could result in differences in toxin accumulation among species. In New Zealand, the effects of paralytic shellfish poisoning (PSP) toxins on the physiology of bivalve molluscs are relatively unknown. We hypothesised that the feeding responses of five New Zealand bivalve species exposed to PSP-toxic dinoflagellates would be species-specific, affecting their accumulation of toxins. Each species was exposed to toxic and non-toxic species of Alexandrium spp. and clearance rate used as an index of sensitivity to PSP toxins. Clearance rates for the mussel Perna canaliculus and the clam Dosinia anus were unaffected by the presence of toxic dinoflagellates, whereas the rate in the scallop Pecten novaezelandiae decreased significantly. There were variable results for the clam Paphies donacina and the oyster Ostrea chilensis. Species-specific biotransformation of PSP-toxins had taken place in the bivalve tissues. We conclude that the rate of accumulation of PSP toxins in the tissues of the bivalve species was influenced by their feeding behaviour and the different chemical processes that had taken place in their tissues.
Evaluation of rule-based modularization in model transformation languages illustrated with ATL

This paper studies ways for modularizing transformation definitions in current rule-based model transformation languages. Two scenarios are shown in which the modular units are identified on the base of the relations between source and target metamodels and on the base of generic transformation functionality. Both scenarios justify modularization by requiring adaptability and reusability in transformation definitions. To enable representation and composition of the identified units, a transformation language must provide proper modular constructs and mechanisms for their integration. We evaluate several implementations of the scenarios by applying different transformation techniques: usage of explicit and implicit rule calls, and usage of rule inheritance. ATLAS Transformation Language (ATL) is used to illustrate these implementations. The experience with these scenarios shows that current languages provide a reasonably full set of modular constructs but may have problems in handling some composition tasks.
Expansión de frutales en laderas en el Valle de Mallarauco

El presente trabajo examino la expansion reciente de frutales de citricos y Palto en terrenos de ladera antes ocupados por vegetacion nativa (bosque/matorral esclerofilo) en el Valle de Mallarauco, Chile central. Para ello, los cultivos de interes ubicados en terrenos de ladera del area de estudio fueron mapeados sobre imagenes satelitales adquiridas en 2006 y 2017, y una matriz de error permitio conocer el cambio temporal de estos. Ademas, el NDVI (normalized difference vegetation index), calculado y clasificado en tres rangos para los terrenos de ladera a partir de una imagen satelital Landsat adquirida antes del periodo de interes (2003), sirvio como proxy de la biomasa nativa preexistente a los cultivos en cuestion. Los resultados muestran que para el periodo de interes los citricos aumentaron su superficie cultivada en 31%, mientras que los Paltos la redujeron en 24%. En ambos anos, los cultivos se distribuyeron de forma similar sobre las clases de biomasa vegetal nativa derivadas del NDVI, sin preferencia de una exposicion de ladera en particular. Un 41,48% de la superficie de Paltos mapeada en 2006 no se observo en 2017, principalmente a causa de su conversion en citricos, caracterizados por una mayor tolerancia a las heladas. Una metodologia similar podria ser replicada en otras areas del pais que experimentan similares conflictos de ocupacion versus vocacion del territorio
The multi-actor mirror neuron system: Can individuals represent multiple observed movements simultaneously?

A large body of research has provided evidence for the idea that individuals co-represent observed actions in their motor system. However, this research has focused almost exclusively on dyadic situations, hence ignoring the fact that social situations often require that the actions of multiple persons are monitored at the same time. The current thesis addresses this issue in two experiments. In the first experiment, an automatic imitation task is used to investigate how individuals are influenced by the movements of multiple observed actors. It is shown that individuals are able to co-represent the movements of two actors simultaneously. In extension, it is shown how individuals are influenced by the relationship between the movements of the actors. The results indicate that two identical observed movements activate the corresponding motor representation more strongly, whereas two different observed movements activate conflicting motor representations. In the second experiment, a motor TMS study is used to investigate at the neural level whether two identical observed movements activate the relevant motor representation more strongly than a single observed movement. Although no evidence was found for this hypothesis, it is argued that the power of the study was low and that more extensive testing will be necessary to resolve this question. In short, the current thesis extends research on action observation from situations where one actor is observed to situations where multiple actors are observed. This may allow for a better understanding of social interactions beyond the dyad.
Gendered Racism, Coping, Identity Centrality, and African American College Women’s Psychological Distress

In this study, we examined how engagement and disengagement strategies for coping with discrimination might explain how gendered racism influences psychological distress among 212 African American women enrolled in an institution of higher education. Engagement strategies were coping with discrimination using resistance and education/advocacy. Disengagement coping strategies were detachment from the stressor, internalization/self-blame, and use of drugs and alcohol. In addition, we examined the potential moderating or buffering role of gendered racial identity centrality (i.e., how important being an African American woman is to one’s self-concept) in the links between gendered racism and psychological distress, and between gendered racism and strategies for coping with discrimination. Results from our online survey revealed that both coping with discrimination via detachment and internalization/self-blame uniquely mediated the gendered racism–psychological distress links. In addition, findings from the moderation analyses indicated that the direct effect of gendered racism and detachment coping and the conditional indirect effect of gendered racism on psychological distress were contingent on gendered racial identity centrality; these relations were only significant among African American women with moderate to high levels of identity centrality, suggesting that identity centrality does not play a buffering role. Our findings suggest the importance of applying an intersectionality framework to explore the experiences of gendered racism and gendered racial identity centrality in African American women’s lives. Our results also lead us to recommend future work that helps African American women reduce the use of disengagement strategies to cope with discrimination. Online slides for instructors who want to use this article for teaching are available to PWQ subscribers on PWQ's website at http://pwq.sagepub. com/supplemental
Focusing on Self or Others Has Different Consequences for Psychological Well-Being: A Longitudinal Study of the Effects of Distinct Interpersonal Goals

A longitudinal study examined the association between interpersonal goals (self-image and compassionate goals) and depression, anxiety, and stress symptoms. We propose that having self-image goals (trying to create and manage a positive image) may lead to psychological distress, while genuinely taking others’ needs into account and caring for their welfare (compassionate goals) may promote psychological well-being. The sample was composed by 161 university students (151 female, 8 male) who completed 6 surveys, every two weeks, assessing depression, anxiety, and stress symptoms, interpersonal goals, goal-related affect, feelings of closeness and loneliness, interpersonal conflicts, and positive emotions. Regression analysis suggested that compassionate goals predicted decreases in pre- and post-levels of depression, anxiety and stress, while self-image goals predicted increases in these psychopathological symptoms. Positive affect and feelings of clarity and closeness and less interpersonal conflicts media.
Lost in Translation: Psychologische Mechanismen und Psychotherapie

In diesem Artikel möchte ich zu den folgenden Punkten Stellung nehmen: 1. Psychische Störungen basieren auf psychologischen Mechanismen und müssen aus diesen heraus verstanden werden 2. Psychische Störungen sind keine Hirnerkrankungen - jedoch kann das Verständnis psychischer Störungen durch die Kenntnis biologischer Prozesse verbessert werden. 3. Psychotherapie muss an diesen Mechanismen ansetzen und sollte von einer störungsorientierten zu einer mechanismenorientierten Therapie kommen. 4. Dies setzt eine mechanismenorientierte Diagnostik voraus. Der RDoc-Ansatz ist ein wichtiger Versuch, aber er greift zu kurz, was die psychologischen Mechanismen betrifft. 5. Pharmakotherapie und andere somatische Therapien können Psychotherapie unterstützen, wenn sie zur Veränderung der psychologischen Mechanismen eingesetzt werden. 6. Psychotherapie kann auch bei organischen Erkrankungen wirksam eingesetzt werden. 7. Wir sind noch weit davon entfernt, die Erkenntnisse der Grundlagenforschung in der Psychologie und den Neurowissenschaften in die Konstruktion neuer Psychotherapien einzubauen. Dafür brauchen wir bessere Förderinstrumente als die bislang zur Verfügung stehenden und eine politische und finanzielle Priorität für die Therapieforschung.
Deterministic parallel random-number generation for dynamic-multithreading platforms

Existing concurrency platforms for dynamic multithreading do not provide repeatable parallel random-number generators. This paper proposes that a mechanism called pedigrees be built into the runtime system to enable efficient deterministic parallel random-number generation. Experiments with the open-source MIT Cilk runtime system show that the overhead for maintaining pedigrees is negligible. Specifically, on a suite of 10 benchmarks, the relative overhead of Cilk with pedigrees to the original Cilk has a geometric mean of less than 1%. We persuaded Intel to modify its commercial C/C++ compiler, which provides the Cilk Plus concurrency platform, to include pedigrees, and we built a library implementation of a deterministic parallel random-number generator called DotMix that compresses the pedigree and then "RC6-mixes" the result. The statistical quality of DotMix is comparable to that of the popular Mersenne twister, but somewhat slower than a nondeterministic parallel version of this efficient and high-quality serial random-number generator. The cost of calling DotMix depends on the "spawn depth" of the invocation. For a naive Fibonacci calculation with n=40 that calls DotMix in every node of the computation, this "price of determinism" is a factor of 2.65 in running time, but for more realistic applications with less intense use of random numbers -- such as a maximal-independent-set algorithm, a practical samplesort program, and a Monte Carlo discrete-hedging application from QuantLib -- the observed "price" was less than 5%. Moreover, even if overheads were several times greater, applications using DotMix should be amply fast for debugging purposes, which is a major reason for desiring repeatability.
Saroglitazar, a novel PPARα/γ agonist with predominant PPARα activity, shows lipid-lowering and insulin-sensitizing effects in preclinical models

Saroglitazar is a novel nonthiazolidinediones (TZD) and nonfibric acid derivative designed to act as dual regulator of lipids and glucose metabolism by activating peroxisome proliferator‐activated receptors (PPAR). These studies evaluate the efficacy and safety profile of Saroglitazar in preclinical in vitro and in vivo models. The EC50 values of Saroglitazar assessed in HepG2 cells using PPAR transactivation assay for hPPARα and hPPARγ were 0.65 pmol/L and 3 nmol/L, respectively. In db/db mice, 12‐day treatment with Saroglitazar (0.01–3 mg/kg per day, orally) caused dose‐dependent reductions in serum triglycerides (TG), free fatty acids (FFA), and glucose. The ED50 for these effects was found to be 0.05, 0.19, and 0.19 mg/kg, respectively with highly significant (91%) reduction in serum insulin and AUC‐glucose following oral glucose administration (59%) at 1 mg/kg dose. Significant reduction in serum TG (upto 90%) was also observed in Zucker fa/fa rats, Swiss albino mice, and in high fat ‐high cholesterol (HF‐HC)‐fed Golden Syrian hamsters. LDL cholesterol was significantly lowered in hApoB100/hCETP double transgenic mice and HF‐HC diet fed Golden Syrian Hamsters. Hyperinsulinemic‐Euglycemic clamp study in Zucker fa/fa rats demonstrated potent insulin‐sensitizing activity. Saroglitazar also showed a significant decrease in SBP (22 mmHg) and increase (62.1%) in serum adiponectin levels in Zucker fa/fa rats. A 90‐day repeated dose comparative study in Wistar rats and marmosets confirmed efficacy (TG lowering) potential of Saroglitazar and has indicated low risk of PPAR‐associated side effects in humans. Based on efficacy and safety profile, Saroglitazar appears to have good potential as novel therapeutic agent for treatment of dyslipidemia and diabetes.
Development of Visual Self-Recognition in Infancy

This research investigated the development of visual self-recognition in infancy. Prior research has investigated infants' self-perception in mirror or live video stimulation in which visual-proprioceptive contingency is available. No research, however, has addressed the young infants' ability to recognize his or her own face on the basis of featural information. Infants of 2, 3, 5, and 8 months of age viewed video films of their own face side by side with that of a peer. The faces were presented under both moving and still conditions. Results indicated that by the age of 3 months, infants discriminated the self from the peer and demonstrated a significant visual preference for the face of the peer. This suggests that infants already are familiar with their own visual appearance by 3 months of age. Given that most infants had received at least daily exposure to their mirror image, it was hypothesized that featural recognition of the self developed through mirror exposure. It was further suggested that vie.
EFEITOS DE 6 MESES DE TREINO DE FORÇA VS HIDROGINÁSTICA NA APTIDÃO FUNCIONAL, APTIDÃO CARDIORRESPIRATÓRIA, DENSIDADE MINERAL ÓSSEA, BEM-ESTAR SUBJECTIVO, SATISFAÇÃO CORPORAL E PERCEPÇÃO DE SAÚDE GERAL DE IDOSAS

10 Introdução . 11 Materiais e Métodos . 12 Resultados . 17 Discussão . 20 Conclusão . 23 Capítulo 3 ESTUDO 2: Efeito de 6 meses de treino de força vs. hidroginástica na densidade mineral óssea em idosas . 24 Resumo . 25 Abstract . 26. 26 Introdução . 27 Materiais e Métodos: . 28 Resultados . 32 Discussão . 33 Conclusão . 35 Capítulo 4 ESTUDO 3: Efeito de 6 meses de treino de força vs. hidroginástica no bem estar subjetivo, satisfação corporal e percepção de saúde geral em idosas . 36 Resumo . 37 Abstract . 38. 38
Synthesis of Chiral Cyanohydrins by Recombinant Escherichia coli Cells in a Micro-Aqueous Reaction System

ABSTRACT Synthesis of chiral cyanohydrins is performed in a monophasic micro-aqueous reaction system using whole recombinant Escherichia coli cells expressing the Arabidopsis thaliana hydroxynitrile lyase (AtHNL). Microscopy studies employing a fusion of AtHNL with a flavin-based fluorescent protein (FbFP) reveal that the cells remain intact in the reaction system.
Student Interpretations of a Graph of Motion: An Analysis of how Joint Focus of Attention Mediates Conceptions

______________________________________________________________________________ Lamberg, T. , & Wiest, L. R. (Eds.). (2007). Proceedings of the 29 annual meeting of the North American Chapter of the International Group for the Psychology of Mathematics Education, Stateline (Lake Tahoe), NV: University of Nevada, Reno. STUDENT INTERPRETATIONS OF A GRAPH OF EVERYDAY MOTION: AN ANALYSIS OF HOW JOINT FOCUS OF ATTENTION MEDIATES CONCEPTIONS
A cytotoxic T lymphocyte inhibits acquired immunodeficiency syndrome virus replication in peripheral blood lymphocytes

CD8+ (suppressor/cytotoxic) lymphocytes block replication of HIV-1 or the simian immunodeficiency virus of macaques (SIVmac) in PBL of infected individuals. We now show that these CD8+ lymphocytes undergo clonal expansion in vivo after AIDS virus infection of the individual, suggesting they may be antigen-specific T cells. These CD8+ cells block replication of virus in autologous but not MHC class I-mismatched PBL. The inhibitory lymphocytes express the integrin family molecule 4B4 and the CTL-associated S6F1 epitope of LFA-1. Finally, physical contact is required for the CD8+ lymphocyte-mediated inhibition of AIDS virus replication, since this inhibitory function is blocked by anti-LFA-1 and anti-CD8 mAbs. These studies suggest that the cell that inhibits AIDS virus replication in PBL of infected individuals is a CTL.
Chlorzoxazone Metabolism by Porcine Cytochrome P450 Enzymes and the Effect of Cytochrome b5

Chlorzoxazone (CLZ) is a commonly used nontoxic in vivo and in vitro probe for the assessment of CYP2E1 activity. Human CYP1A1 and CYP3A4 have also been shown to contribute to CLZ metabolism. For pigs to be a potential model system for humans, it is necessary that human and pig cytochromes P450 (P450) have similar metabolizing capabilities. Therefore, CLZ metabolizing capabilities and specificities of porcine P450s were investigated. In this study, the complete coding regions of six porcine P450s were amplified from liver cDNA and cloned into pcDNA3.1/V5-His TOPO vector. Expression vectors for the individual P450s and microsomal cytochrome b5 (CYB5A) were expressed in the human embryonic kidney HEK-293FT cell line to investigate their role in CLZ metabolism. As with the human enzymes, porcine CYP2E1 (Km = 290.3 μM and Vmax = 4980 pmol/h/mg total protein) and CYP1A1 (Km = 159.5 μM and Vmax = 1650 pmol/h/mg total protein) both contribute to CLZ metabolism. In addition, porcine CYP2A19 and CYP2C33v4 also metabolize the substrate, with Km = 212.1 μM and Vmax = 6680 pmol/h/mg total protein and Km = 126.3 μM and Vmax = 2100 pmol/h/mg total protein, respectively, whereas CYP3A does not. CYB5A augmented CYP2E1 and CYP2C33v4 activity in the pig, with a significant increase in activity of 85 and 73% compared with control, respectively. Thus, CLZ should be used with caution as a probe for CYP2E1 activity in the pig. However, further information regarding the abundance of different P450 isoforms is needed to fully understand their contribution in microsomal, hepatocyte, and in vivo systems in the pig.