Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Apocynin exerts neuroprotective effects in fumonisin b1 induced neurotoxicity via attenuation of oxidative stress and apoptosis

The mycotoxin fumonisin b1 (Fb1) is produced by fusarium verticillioides, which commonly infects corn and other agricultural products. Fb1 found to be a source of vast range of toxic effects like hepatotoxicity, neurotoxicity and carcinogenicity in a number of animal species. However, the information available currently regarding neurotoxic effects exerted by Fb1 is scanty. Hence, the present study was aimed to evaluate the neurotoxic effects of Fb1 and the possible mechanisms of toxicity in mice and as well as the role of cytotoxic, oxidative stress and apoptosis in neuroblastoma (SH-SY5Y) cell line. In this context, the toxicity of Fb1 was examined in male albino mice. Apocynin with 25,50,100mg/kg b/wt was pretreated for 7 days oral administration. Fb1 6.75 mg/kg b/wt was injected subcutaneously for 5 days. A signi�cant elevation of 5-HT was observed in mice treated with Fb1 in whole brain showed biogenic amines may re�ect Fb1 neurotoxicity which was attenuated by pretreatment of apocynin. Fb1 treatment increased oxidative damage in the brain, as evidenced by a decrease in GSH level along with signi�cant increases in ROS, lipid peroxidation, protein carbonyl. Apocynin supplementation signi�cantly ameliorated these biological parameter changes. In addition, apocynin pretreatment normalized the degenerative changes in histology studies. The cytotoxicity of Fb1 was evaluated by MTT and LDH assay showed that, Fb1 induced dose-dependent cell death in SH-SY5Y cells and IC 50 value was determined as 150µM. Fb1 showed elevated reactive oxygen species, depolarized mitochondrial membrane potential and TEM observation showed vacuolation in SH-SY5Y cells. Further, apoptotic changes revealed in DAPI staining and DNA damage in comet assay. To overcome these toxicological effects, apocynin was pretreated followed by Fb1 exposure for 24 h. Pretreatment with apocynin resulted in signi�cant increase in cell viability, restored membrane integrity, reactive oxygen species level was maintained and neutralized apoptotic changes. The protein expression CAT, GPx downregulated with Fb1 treatment and apoptotic markers caspase-3 and caspase-8 was upregulated. Pretretment with apocynin restored the antioxidant enzymes and overexpressed apocynin markers also altered. Collectively, these results suggest that ROS is the main upstream signal leading to increased Fb1 mediated neurotoxicity in mice and SH-SY5Y cells. Use of an antioxidant apocynin reversed the toxin-induced oxidative stress and apoptosis by its antioxidant potency.
One economy, but di ﬀ erent growth regimes: why Germany ’ s rural east is still lagging

Purpose – This study aims to elucidate the quantitative and qualitative differences in employment development between German districts. Building on ideas from competitive development and resource-based theory, the paper particularly seeks to explain enduring East-West differences between rural regions by two different formsof competitive advantage: cost leadership andqualitydifferentiation. Design/methodology/approach – This study follows a two-step empirical approach: First, an extended shift-share regression is conducted to analyze employment development in Western and Eastern German districts between 2007 and 2016. Second, the competitive share effect and other individual terms of the shift-share model are further examined in additional regressions using regional economic characteristics as exogenousvariables. Findings – The ﬁ ndings suggest that the above-average employment growth of the rural districts in the West is owed to the successful exploitation of experience in manufacturing that has been gathered by ﬁ rms in the past 100years or so. While their strategy is largely based on advanced and specialized resources and an innovation-driven differentiation strategy, the relatively weak employment development of Eastern rural districts might be explained by a lack of comparable long-term experiences and the related need to focus on the exploitation of basic and general resources and, accordingly, on the ef ﬁ ciency-based strategy of cost leadership. Originality/value – This study offers an in-depth empirical analysis of how the competitive share effect, i.e. region-speci ﬁ c resources beyond industry structure, contributes to regional employment development. The analysis reveals that quantitative differences in rural employment development are closely related to qualitatively different levelsof inputfactors anddifferent regimesof competitiveness.
Adaptive Anti-Saturation Control Design of Transformers in Converter-Based Grid Emulators

Transformer saturation is a common issue in megawatt converter-based grid emulators (GEs) when emulating grid faults. This problem necessitates the use of anti-saturation control (ASC) with GEs. However, conventional ASC methods tend to distort the emulated grid voltage or even interact with the voltage control (VC) of GEs, causing instability of the system. This paper, thus, proposes an adaptive ASC method and superimposes its output command to both modulation and VC references, which not only alleviate transformer saturation with the minimized voltage distortion, but mitigate its adverse interaction with the VC of converter-based GEs. Experimental results conﬁrm the eﬀectiveness of the adaptive ASC.
The influence of social media, big data, and data mining on the evolution of organizational behavior: Empirical study in Jordanian telecommunication sector

The aim of this study was to evaluate the impact of social media, big data, and data mining on the development of organizational behavior within the telecommunications industry in Jordan. The main objective of this study was to investigate the effects of technological components on the alteration of organizational behavior in the communications sector of Jordan. To accomplish this objective, a thorough empirical investigation was undertaken, encompassing the collecting of data from key stakeholders within the telecommunications sector in Jordan. A sample size of 412 participants, encompassing people from diverse roles within the communications sector, was chosen for the purpose of this study. The participants' replies and perspectives were gathered via the administration of surveys and conducting interviews, resulting in a comprehensive data set suitable for analysis. This study investigated the intricate relationship between the utilization of social media, the application of big data analytics, and the implementation of data mining techniques in influencing the dynamics of organizational behavior. The study's results underscored the substantial impact that social media platforms have on communication patterns and collaboration within telecommunication firms. Furthermore, the utilization of big data analysis has emerged as a significant catalyst for the enhancement of informed decision-making processes, exerting influence on diverse facets of organizational behavior, including strategic planning, employee engagement, and customer interactions. Data mining techniques have been identified as having a crucial function in extracting significant patterns and trends from extensive datasets, hence helping to the improvement of organizational learning and adaptation. The research findings indicated that the incorporation of social media, big data, and data mining technologies had a beneficial effect on the development of organizational behavior within the telecommunications industry in Jordan. The findings underscore the importance for enterprises to proactively utilize these technologies to cultivate a work environment that is characterized by increased agility, responsiveness, and collaboration. This study provides significant contributions to the subject of organizational behavior by examining the impact of social media, big data, and data mining within the specific context of the telecommunication sector in Jordan. The research sheds light on the transformative consequences of these technological advancements. The consequences of these findings have broad relevance for organizational leaders, politicians, and researchers, serving as a basis for further investigations in the dynamic realm of technology-driven organizational behavior.
"Central Bank Exchange Rate Interventions and Market Expectations: The Case of México During the Financial Crisis 2008-2009 "

The objective of this paper is to examine if the exchange-rate interventions of the Central Bank of Mexico during the 2008-2009 financial crisis had an effect on the (Mexican Peso-US Dollar) exchange rate market expectations. Expectations are generated by Risk-Neutral Densities (RNDs) extracted from option prices; the used method to estimate RNDs is the volatility function technique proposed by Malz (1997). The obtained results show that interventions caused changes in expectations around the date of the intervention. There is a pattern of a statistically significant decreasing of the mean and variance in the implied exchange rate immediately after the period of intervention. The higher implied moments decrease as well. Finally, it was also found a causality effect that runs in both directions; between exchange-rate expectations and Central Bank interventions.
The association between aircraft noise and sleep disturbance: evidence from four major airports in the UK

A recently published update to the WHO systematic review and meta-analysis by Smith et al. (2022) found a negative association between aircraft noise exposure at night and self-reported sleep disturbance. This study further investigates the association between aircraft noise exposure and sleep disturbance using a large-scale sample size of 105,773 participants of the UK Biobank cohort living near four major airports in England. Both self-reported (N=105,773) and actimetric measures (N=24,050 for average proportion of time spent on sleep within 7 days and N=22,102 for other actimetric measures) were used to assess sleep disturbance, with a focus on circadian rhythm as an outcome, which has rarely been studied previously. Analyses using longitudinal research design (only possible for self-reported outcomes) suggested that aircraft noise exposure is associated with
IMPACTS OF WATER AND SALINE BRINE FLOW ON FRACTURED WELLBORE CEMENT

Fractures in wellbore cements can develop and provide pathways allowing fluids such as hydrocarbons or brines to communicate with freshwater aquifers and/or reach the surface. Once formed, these fractures can be altered by the stresses acting on them as well as reactions with the fluids moving through them. Previous studies, mostly with acidic brines flowing through a fracture, have shown dissolution/precipitation reactions cause permeability to decrease and mechanical properties to change as the acidic brine creates reaction fronts slowly propagate through the face of the fractures. This study investigated fractured cement reacted with de-ionized water and saline brine under varying stress conditions. These fluids also contact carbon steel that was used to represent interaction with a steel casing within a wellbore. Flow measurements were made on a fractured cement core using nitrogen gas, de-ionized water, and saline brine under confining stresses up to 16.5 MPa. Flow through the fractured cement samples are interpreted as effective hydraulic aperture. After the flow measurements,
Improving the Tensile Mechanical Properties of Direct Energy Deposited (DED) Inconel

This project aimed to improve the mechanical properties of as-printed additively manufactured Inconel 718 samples using a heat treatment usually used for cast and wrought Inconel 718. The mechanical properties sought to be optimized were yield strength, ultimate tensile strength, elongation, and reduction in area. The property goals were to match or exceed those of cast and heat treated Inconel 718. Wire-fed electron beam direct energy deposition (DED) was used to manufacture the samples, which were then heat treated using the AMS 5663 standard in an inert atmosphere. The samples were then tested in tension to obtain data on their mechanical properties. An as-printed sample was used as the control for the experiment before testing the heat-treated samples. The microstructures of the samples were then examined to determine the cause of any differences in the mechanical properties of the samples. The heat-treated samples displayed an increase in strength that matched the strength of cast Inconel 718. This increase in strength was caused by grain coarsening, dissolution of the Laves phase at layer interfaces, and precipitation of the δ phase and MC carbides in the gamma matrix (γ). The generalized heat treatment improved the mechanical properties of the DED Inconel 718, but the process could be improved. Future work should focus on tailoring the heat treatment for the specific manufacturing route and application of the material to optimize the mechanical properties even more. For example, high levels of the δ phase in the γ matrix signaled an overaging of the material that could have been prevented with a different heat treatment cycle.
Journal of Quantitative Spectroscopy & Radiative Transfer

In this semi-tutorial paper, we revisit the interference phenomena caused by pairs of co-propagating or counter-propagating transverse electromagnetic waves by letting the host medium be absorbing. We ﬁrst consider plane waves in an unbounded medium, summarize the standing-wave solution of the Maxwell equations, and discuss speciﬁc effects caused by nonvanishing absorption. We then consider the superposition of plane and spherical waves in the context of far-ﬁeld electromagnetic scattering by a particle. To this end we modify the classical Jones lemma by allowing nonzero absorption in the host medium and consider its most obvious consequences such as forward-and backscattering interference. The physical similarity of the two scenarios (superpositions of plane waves and superpositions of plane and spherical waves) is discussed.
CAR T Cell On-Target, Off-Tumor Toxicity in Solid Tumor Treatment: Generation and Management

CAR-T cells involve incorporating T cells with a synthetic receptor to target tumor-specific molecules and this therapy enhances the patients’ own immune system to combat tumors. CAR-T cells are successful to elicit an enduring response to hematological malignancies but remains unsatisfactory during their application in solid tumors. Mostly, OTOT is a main safety concern during trials of CAR-T cells, which has led to destruction of healthy tissues and their normal functions, potentially threatening the patients’ life if damage were done on essential organs. OTOT arises from the CAR-T activation upon normal cells due to presence of tumor-like molecules on their surfaces, accompanied by potential cytokine release syndrome (CRS), which further lyses normal tissues. In this review, the structure and mechanisms of CAR-T cells will be described. More importantly, we will discuss the OTOT generation in CAR-T trials targeting solid tumors and available methods to mitigate this problem for advancing CAR-T application.
Numerical Study of the Cold Metal Transfer (CMT) Welding of Thin Austenitic Steel Plates with an Equivalent Heat Source Approach

The CMT (cold metal transfer) arc welding process is a valuable joining method for assembling thin sheets, minimizing heat transfers, and reducing subsequent deformations. The study aims to simulate the CMT welding of thin stainless-steel sheets to predict temperature fields and deformations. Both instrumented tests and numerical simulations were conducted for butt-welding of sheets with a thickness of 1 to 1.2 mm. Weld seam samples were observed to identify equivalent heat sources for each configuration. The electric current and voltage were monitored. Temperature measurements were performed using K-type thermocouples, as well as displacement measurements via the DIC (digital image correlation) technique. Thermomechanical simulations, considering phase changes and the actual seam geometry induced by filler material, were conducted using an equivalent heat source approach. A unique heat exchange coefficient accounting for thermal losses was identified. By incorporating these losses into thermal calculations, a good agreement was found between measured and calculated temperatures. Mechanical calculations allowed for the recovery of the horse saddle form after actual welding, with a relative difference of less than 10% in angular distortion between calculated and measured values.
Research On Pricing Strategies Based on Time Series Analysis Model and Greedy Algorithm Model

The issue of replenishment and pricing arrangements for vegetable categories and individual items in future supermarkets is crucial. This article is based on a time series analysis model to analyze the correlation between different categories of single products, and constructs a dual objective greedy algorithm optimization model, constrained by maximizing profits and minimizing operational loss rates. Predict the total replenishment amount and pricing strategy for 50 types of vegetables, including categories such as cauliflower, leaves, chili peppers, eggplants, edible mushrooms, and underwater acoustic root canals. Next week's predicted sales and prices are: cauliflower 0.381 kg, 11.7331 yuan/kg; Leaves 5.9-6.084 kg, 9.031-8.504 yuan/kg; Chili peppers range from 8.327 to 5.8 kilograms, with a price of 15.632 to 14.793 yuan/kilogram; Eggplant 10.962-11.321 kg, 7.843-7.861 yuan/kg; Edible mushrooms 5.5118-5.374 kg, 12.323-11.476 yuan/kg; The underwater sound root canal costs 3.321-3.378 kilograms, 25.619-15.981 yuan/kilogram.
On the sensitivity of the fractal dimension of the skeleton of sea surface temperature signatures from upwelling events on spatial resolution and threshold: application on imagery of the Caribbean Sea

ABSTRACT The development of the mathematical morphology meant a major turn on digital image processing. Among its operators, the skeleton is one of the most difficult to apply. Authors have studied the sensitivity of the fractal dimension of the skeleton of geometrical structures in a digital image when its spatial resolution and threshold level change. The procedure is first tested on a scientific and industrial standard and second carried out on a sea surface temperature (SST) imagery of the Colombian Caribbean. The results can be summarized as (i) the distribution of the variance of the binarized images and of the fractal dimension of the skeleton of the SST respect to the threshold level and losses in resolution, (ii) a criterion to choose the threshold level for binarization and the loss in resolution to compute the skeleton, and (iii) such transformation leads to a fractal dimension of the corresponding skeleton with the minimum standard deviation. The study is completed by analysing the influence of El Niño on the fractal dimension of the skeletons by means of cross-spectral analysis obtaining an average phase lag of about 2.8 months.
Public Transport Infrastructure with Electromobility Elements at the Smart City Level to Support Sustainability

When implementing smart city elements, there are challenges in cities that need to be overcome. An analysis of global public transport infrastructure has indicated an upward trend in the integration of electric mobility solutions since 2022. The following research question characterises the problem on which the research was focused. RQ: What role do the smart city strategy and its overall planning play in promoting city sustainability via elements of electromobility in public transport? Cities are increasingly committed to promoting more sustainable urban mobility. This article discusses three areas of study: electromobility in public transport, the smart city concept, and sustainability. The novelty of this article has three parts, namely the intersection of the described areas; comparison and summarisation of best practice; and in-depth analysis of the selected city. The methodological approach includes the analysis of case studies, analysis of the selected city, sociological interviews, synthesis, and modelling. One of the main findings reveals that electromobility impacts the city’s sustainability. It was also revealed that not all cities have already prepared their strategies focusing on this issue, which is unfavourable because careful planning supports the achieving sustainability in public transport. The findings were included in the design of solutions in the field of public transport infrastructure with elements of electromobility at the smart city level. Additionally, requirements for cities and recommendations for policy makers in selected areas were identified.
Evaporation: an introductory survey

Evaporation of water plays an important part in most human activity design­ ed to satisfy basic needs. While in the technology that produces clothing and shelter evaporation processes are under some measure of control, in the openair operations that lead to production of food and drink evaporation is usually beyond control, and amounts and rates are often very difficult to estimate. Hence our problem. Before passing on to the "food" aspect, we might note that in the "drink" aspect the water engineer regards evaporation of water as a loss, whether it occurs from reservoirs, from streams, from bare soil or from land carrying crops. Water supply and agriculture must often be in conflict. The farmer's attitude varies from time to time. While waiting to start spring cultivations he will regard evaporation as an essential preliminary to seed-bed preparation ; later, the evaporation from bare soil between the growing plants will tend to be regarded as a waste of water that would be more profitably used in passing through the plant. At all times he will regard transpiration as helpful, because it is an essential condition of plant growth. Transpiration must be our main concern too, but there is secondary interest in evaporation from bare soil and from open water. Although of minor tech­ nical interest in the present context, open water evaporation must be considered because many physical ideas about evaporation are most easily checked on open water. As meteorological or agricultural physicists it might be of interest to learn what some of our predecessors thought of our problem. Here is SYMONS in 1867 : "evaporation is the most desperate branch of the desperate science of meteorology", or MALUSCHITSKX in 1900 : "no correlation can be established between the evaporation from a water surface and that for a cultivated soil, and still less in the case of a soil covered with plants". CLEVELAND ABBE in 1905 was scornful : "of course (we) need to know the loss of water by evaporation but in nature this is so much mixed up with seepage, leakage and consumption by . plants that our meteorological data are of comparatively little importance". It would be easy to join these and other distinguished workers of the past