Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
HIV Capsid is a Tractable Target for Small Molecule Therapeutic Intervention

Despite a high current standard of care in antiretroviral therapy for HIV, multidrug-resistant strains continue to emerge, underscoring the need for additional novel mechanism inhibitors that will offer expanded therapeutic options in the clinic. We report a new class of small molecule antiretroviral compounds that directly target HIV-1 capsid (CA) via a novel mechanism of action. The compounds exhibit potent antiviral activity against HIV-1 laboratory strains, clinical isolates, and HIV-2, and inhibit both early and late events in the viral replication cycle. We present mechanistic studies indicating that these early and late activities result from the compound affecting viral uncoating and assembly, respectively. We show that amino acid substitutions in the N-terminal domain of HIV-1 CA are sufficient to confer resistance to this class of compounds, identifying CA as the target in infected cells. A high-resolution co-crystal structure of the compound bound to HIV-1 CA reveals a novel binding pocket in the N-terminal domain of the protein. Our data demonstrate that broad-spectrum antiviral activity can be achieved by targeting this new binding site and reveal HIV CA as a tractable drug target for HIV therapy.
Hardware Security

Disclaimer: This set of notes is a work in progress. It may have errors and be missing citations. It is certainly incomplete. Please let the staff know of any errors that you find. So far while discussing platform security, we have considered only our software. However, software must run on some hardware, and the security of this hardware is similarly vital—if an attacker can undermine the security of our hardware, it does not matter how strong our software security is. Luckily, hardware is typically much more difficult to attack than software, but powerful attacks are still possible. As a running example for this chapter, consider the example of a certificate authority that signs certificates given that some policy is met. An equivalent example is a cryptocurrency wallet—transactions in the cryptocurrency are authorized by a signature over a transaction message. This server will accept requests and respond with a signature over that request if some policy is met. For example, an MIT CA might enforce a policy like “I will sign only certificates for *. mit.edu domains”. For this CA server, we can achieve some nice security properties:
Immigrant Wage Differentials, Ethnicity and Occupational Clustering

The economic performance and a related discussion on the existence, or otherwise, of racial discrimination in the UK labour market for migrants and ethnic minorities are of great interest to policymakers. In this paper we investigate the concept of occupational clustering as an explanation for the relatively poor earnings performance of non-white migrants and non-white natives. Although occupational clustering and other human capital and socio-economic factors provide a partial explanation for the raw earnings differential, evidence of ethnic based disadvantage persists.
Structure of linear systems: Geometric and transfer matrix approaches

The aim of this communication is to show how, depending on the type of the control law (static or dynamic), some fine structures (internal or input-output ones) have to be known precisely, since they completely characterize the solvability of control problems like decoupling, disturbance decoupling or model matching, . These structures mainly describe zeros (finite and at infinity) and kernel indices. Both geometric and transfer matrix approaches are used in accordance with internal and external points of view.
High-Resilience Limits of Block-Shaped Order Books

We show that wealth processes in the block-shaped order book model of Obizhaeva/Wang converge to their counterparts in the reduced-form model proposed by Almgren/Chriss, as the resilience of the order book tends to infinity. As an application of this limit theorem, we explain how to reduce portfolio choice in highly-resilient Obizhaeva/Wang models to the corresponding problem in an Almgren/Chriss setup with small quadratic trading costs.
Access to Higher Education for National Development in Nigeria: Distance Education to the Rescue.

The paper examined the place of Distance Education (DE) as a method of Adult Education in Nigeria and its contribution to national development. The paper discussed DE practice and challenges in some African countries and related this to the Nigerian situation. The paper further noted the challenge of the national admission body for regular tertiary institutions with reconciling the ratio of applicants to those admitted. Incidentally, DE, which is originally a form of Adult Education, is fast becoming a replacement for regular higher education. The implication of this on Adult Education practice in Nigeria is that the changes in the demographics of participants in DE, along with other challenges, affect the essence of Adult Education provision, access and its conduct. The paper analyzed the concept of DE and noted that distance education is currently used to replace, instead of support mainstream education in Nigeria by eroding the more desirable non-formal approach. The paper agrees that DE can be used as a tool, per excellence, for human and national development, if practiced in its proper context, and attracts the desired target candidates. Several suggestions were proffered for better conduct of DE, including the use of awareness campaigns to attract the right candidates into DE programs as well as better provision of access to regular education for the youth to stem their influx into DE. The discourse has great implications for lifelong learning, access, national development and adult education practice in Nigeria and globally.
Ters Para İkamesi Süreci ve Döviz Kuru Oynaklığı: Türkiye Örneği

Theoretical and empirical literature shows that there is a significant relation between currency substitution and exchange rate volatility, and this volatility affects money demand significantly. This study examines the relation between reverse currency substitution and the volatility in exchange rate as well as the effects of this volatility on the demand for money. We used monthly data covering the period of 2001/04-2006/12, which started with the implementation of Program for Transition to a Strong Economy. Following the literature, we employed E-GARCH method in exchange rate volatility modeling and Pesaran et al (2001) bounds test approach in the estimation of money demand function. In accordance with the theoretical expectations, we found that with the increase in reverse currency substitution the exchange rate volatility decreased. Moreover, the decline in the volatility of exchange rate increased the money demand, i.e. accelerated the reverse currency substitution process.
Modeling the Economics of Internet Companies

In this paper, we build on previous work and analyze the economics of Internet companies in an agent-based model. Our goal is to understand how Internet markets develop over time. Our model has two types of agents: Internet companies and consumers. Internet companies produce web sites and consumers visit these web sites. There is free entry and exit in the market and the companies compete for the attention of the consumers. The companies receive revenue and their market value increases whenever a consumer visits their web site. Over time, the consumers exhibit brand loyalty, thus making them more likely to view a web site they have visited before. In addition, through a process of social communication, consumers who visit web sites tell other consumers about their experience, thus increasing the number of internet users. Initially, there are few companies in the market but the number increases over time as entrepreneurs enter the market. Concomitantly, the number of internet users increases as cutting edge users tell others about the web sites they have visited. When much of the consumer population has begun to visit web sites, the number of entrants into the market declines. Eventually brand loyalties become established and the total number of companies begins to decline because consumers abandon some web sites. As expected, when brand loyalty is high and social communication is low, the number of companies quickly declines as web sites that fail to capture the interest of consumers are quickly driven out. Likewise, when social communication is high and brand loyalty is low, the number of companies declines rapidly because social communication allows users to experience web sites vicariously. However, under certain conditions, brand loyalty and social communication interact in non-intuitive ways. For example, if both brand loyalty and social communication are high, a loyal user can be convinced to switch web sites, thus causing large and traumatic changes in the fortunes of the internet companies. Because of the low entry cost in the Internet space, companies can easily enter a market, thus upsetting established consumer patterns. This model provides economists, venture capitalists, entrepreneurs, and Internet users with a way to understand the quickly changing fortunes of internet firms.
Speculative Inventory Holding and Price Stability

[Introduction] As is true for many economic phenomena, the nature and effects of speculative carryover can be investigated from two polar viewpoints: perfect competition and monopoly. The competitive speculator does not expect his actions to affect current or future prices. He forms expectations about future prices on the basis of current and past prices and on possibly other information and then acts accordingly. The monopolistic speculator understands that his actions affect current and future prices--not only because his excess demand is part of aggregate excess demand but also because his actions may result in altered expectations on the part of other participants in the market.
Researchmemorandum 1981-20 September 1981 SOFT SPATIAL ECONOMETRIC CAUSALITY MODELS

The paper attempts to develop a methodological and operational framework for analyzing soft (ordinal, cateqorical or nominal) data in causal tial) econometrie models. After an introduction into causality analysis and an exposition of causality principles, the attention is focussed on soft data in causal (regional) economie n.odels. Several soft data techniques wil! be discussed, inter alia multidimensional scaling techniques and logit techniques. Then it wil 1 be shown that graph theory provides an appropriate framework for causality analysis in soft spatial econometrie model! ing. The analysis wil! be illustrated by means of some numerical applications to a causal regional income formation model.
Weighted least squares DORT method in selective focusing

The DORT (decomposition de lpsilaoperateur de retournement temporel) method is an efficient technique to focus signal on the target. The DORT method requires the measurement of the inter-element impulse responses of the propagating medium for all pairs of elements in the array. The time reversal operator (TRO) is deduced and diagonalized from these responses. But DORT method has worse results in non-ideally resolved scatterer case that two scatterers are placed close with each other. Therefore, in this paper, weighted least-squares (WLS) combining with the DORT method are proposed to perform selective focusing in non-ideally resolved scatterer case. This technique can also perform target focusing with higher spatial resolution than original DORT method and faster computation than adaptive beamforming method.
Hat-Explore: Source-Based Trace Exploration

Experience shows that users of the Hat viewing tools find it hard to keep orientation and navigate to a point of interest in the trace. Hence this paper describes a new viewing tool where navigation through the trace is based on the program source. The tool combines ideas from algorithmic debugging, traditional stepping debuggers and dynamic program slicing.
AGATHE-2: An Adaptive, Ontology-Based Information Gathering Multi-Agent System for Restricted Web Domains

Due to Web size and diversity of information, relevant information gathering on the Web turns out to be a highly complex task. The main problem with most information retrieval approaches is neglecting pages’ context, given their inner deficiency: search engines are based on keyword indexing, which cannot capture context. Considering restricted domains, taking into account contexts, with the use of domain ontology, may lead to more relevant and accurate information gathering. In the last years, we have conducted research with this hypothesis, and proposed an agentand ontology-based restricteddomain cooperative information gathering approach accordingly, that can be instantiated in information gathering systems for specific domains, such as academia, tourism, etc. In this chapter, the authors present this approach, a generic software architecture, named AGATHE-2, which is a full-fledged scalable multi-agent system. Besides offering an in-depth treatment for these domains due to the use of domain ontology, this new version uses machine learning techniques over linguistic information in order to accelerate the knowledge acquisition necessary for the task of information extraction over the Web pages. AGATHE-2 is an agent and ontology-based system that collects and classifies relevant Web pages about
CORDIC Based Fast Radix-2 DCT Algorithm

This letter proposes a novel coordinate rotation digital computer (CORDIC)-based fast radix-2 algorithm for computation of discrete cosine transformation (DCT). The proposed algorithm has some distinguish advantages, such as Cooley-Tukey fast Fourier transformation (FFT)-like regular data flow, uniform post-scaling factor, in-place computation and arithmetic-sequence rotation angles. Compared to existing DCT algorithms, this proposed algorithm has lower computational complexity. Furthermore, the proposed algorithm is highly scalable, modular, regular, and suitable for pipelined VLSI implementation. In addition, this letter also provides an easy way to implement the reconfigurable or unified architecture for DCTs and inverse DCTs.
Income and happiness: Evidence, explanations and economic implications

There is now a great deal of micro-econometric evidence, both cross-section and panel, showing that income is positively correlated with well-being. Yet the famous Easterlin paradox shows essentially no change in average happiness at the country level, despite spectacular rises in per capita GDP. We argue that survey well-being questions are indeed good proxy measures of utility, and resolve the Easterlin paradox by appealing to income comparisons: these can be to others (social comparisons) or to oneself in the past (habituation). We review a substantial amount of econometric, experimental and neurological literature consistent with comparisons, and then spell out the implications for a wide range of economic issues.
A Model for Weibull deteriorate items with price dependent demand rate and Inflation

The present paper deal with an inventory model which is developed for most of the physical goods undergoes decay or deterioration over time. Commodities such as fruits, vegetables and foodstuffs suffer from depletion by direct spoilage while kept in store. The deterioration rate follows the Weibull distribution with two parameters. Demand rate is assumed as price dependent in linear form. It is an ordinary fact that unique price of items attracts more customers. The model is solved numerically by when shortages are partially backlogged with inflation. Analytical and numerical solution of the model is obtained to verify the optimal solution. Comprehensive sensitivity analysis has been given for viewing the result of variation in the parameter. The model is solved analytically by maximizing the total profit.
Canonical and quantum FRW cosmological solutions in M-theory

We present a canonical and quantum cosmological investigation of a spatially flat, four-dimensional Friedmann-Robertson-Walker (FRW) model that is derived from the M-theory effective action obtained originally by Billyard, Coley, Lidsey and Nilsson (BCLN). The analysis makes use of two sets of canonical variables, the Shanmugadhasan gauge-invariant canonical variables and the `hybrid' variables which diagonalize the Hamiltonian. We find the observables and discuss in detail the phase space of the classical theory. In particular, a region of phase space exists that describes a four-dimensional FRW spacetime first contracting from a strong-coupling regime and then expanding to a weak-coupling regime, while the internal space always contracts. We find the quantum solutions of the model and obtain the positive norm Hilbert space of states. Finally, the correspondence between wavefunctions and classical solutions is outlined.
Bonds and bridges : social and poverty

Using the lens of social capital-especially bridging or cross-cutting ties that cut across social groups and between social groups and government-provides new insights into policy design. Solidarity within social groups creates ties (bonding social capital) that bring people and resources together. In unequal societies, ties that cut across groups (bridging social capital) are essential for social cohesion and for poverty reduction. The nature of interaction between state and society is characterized as complementarity and substitution. When states are functional, the informal and formal work well together-for example, government support or community-based development. When states become dysfunctional, the informal institutions become a substitute and are reduced to serving a defensive or survival function. To move toward economic and social well-being, states must support inclusive development. Investments in the organizational capacity of the poor are critical. Interventions are also required to foster bridging ties across social groups-ethnic, religious, caste, or racial groups. Such interventions can stem from the state, private sector, or civil society and include: Changes in rules to include groups previously excluded from formal systems of finance, education, and governance, at all levels. Political pluralism and citizenship rights. Fairness before the law for all social groups together. Infrastructure that eases communication. Education, media, and public information policies that reinforce norms and values of tolerance and diversity.
The Challenges and Issues Facing the Deployment of RFID Technology

Radio Frequency Identification refers to wireless technology that uses radio waves to automatically identify items within certain proximity. This process involves tagging items with a transmitter which will emit bursts of information including, but not limited to, the identification of the tag. There are three main varieties of tags: Active, Semi-active and Passive. Active tags rely solely on a battery for its power source resulting in the maximum integrity rate and reading range but, also, a limited lifespan and higher cost. Semi-Active tags use batteries to extend the range of the tag only resulting in a higher reading rate than passive tags, a longer lifespan than the active tags, but also higher cost. The passive tag uses the electromagnetic pulse from readers as a power source to transmit its identifier. Due to its lack of a battery, passive tags are the most cost effective and theoretically have an unlimited lifespan. However, due to their lack of the power source, passive tags also have a limited range and produce the largest amount of data anomalies. The RFID Reader is used to interrogate the zone to discover tags within proximity of the reader range. If a tag is discovered, its identification along with the reader’s ID and the timestamp of the observation are recorded. This information is then passed through the Middleware where initial filtration is done to avoid data anomalies being recorded. Finally, the information will then be stored within a database ready to be queried for future analysis. Due to the benefits of the technology, RFID is currently employed in various commercial sectors to provide automated assistance for mundane tasks. There are hospitals which have employed tagged bracelets to ensure maximum care is given to surgical patients. At various airports around the world, RFID is being utilised to track passengers’ bags to ensure that the location of the luggage will be known at all times. In various cities around the world, pets have had RFID chips implanted to ensure that, when lost, the authorities can find their owners’ information by simple scanning the tag. Various countries have also introduced the RFID-enabled toll system designed for cars at RFID-enabled toll booths which allow drivers to continue on their journey and avoid the necessity of stopping to pay. Despite the advantages gained from RFID technology integration, various drawbacks prevent the wide-scale adoption into the majority of the commercial sector. There are three main issues concerning the integration of the architecture. The first issue is security when using the technology as tags are prone to various physical and virtual attacks upon the system. The second concern stems from the need of privacy surrounding the data collected as the observations recorded can be used for breaches in privacy. The third issue is that the 1
Licensed under Creative Commons Attribution Cc by Misbehavior Packet Detection Approach Using Effective Trust in Delay-tolerant Networks

Delay Tolerant Network (DTN) have some unique network characteristics due to which finding a malicious and selfish behavior in the network is great challenge in DTN. So system with iTrust, a probabilistic misbehavior detection scheme for secure DTN routing towards efficient trust establishment is proposed here. The basic indication of iTrust is presenting a periodically existing Trusted Authority (TA) to judge the nodes behavior based on the collected routing evidences and probabilistically inspection. It also provide authentication in secure manner to all users in communication network. Proposed system will detect all the types of attack occurred in the network and detect the malicious user in network.
Advances in lock-in amplifiers

The key specification points of lock-in amplifier systems for signal recovery and signal characteristics are reviewed and it is shown how these can be improved and modified by more advanced system design. The configurations of several commercially available systems are described and the facilities available in computer-controlled lock-in systems are discussed briefly, together with some new application areas.