Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
QoS-Aware Fault Detection in Wireless Sensor Networks

Wireless sensor networks (WSNs) are a fundamental building block of many pervasive applications. Nevertheless the use of such technology raises new challenges regarding the development of reliable and fault-tolerant systems. One of the most critical issues is the detection of corrupted readings amidst the huge amount of gathered sensory data. Indeed, such readings could significantly affect the quality of service (QoS) of the WSN, and thus it is highly desirable to automatically discard them. This issue is usually addressed through “fault detection” algorithms that classify readings by exploiting temporal and spatial correlations. Generally, these algorithms do not take into account QoS requirements other than the classification accuracy. This paper proposes a fully distributed algorithm for detecting data faults, taking into account the response time besides the classification accuracy. We adopt the Bayesian networks to perform classification of readings and the Pareto optimization to allow QoS requirements to be simultaneously satisfied. Our approach has been tested on a synthetic dataset in order to evaluate its behavior with respect to different values of QoS constraints. The experimental evaluation produced good results, showing that our algorithm is able to greatly reduce the response time at the cost of a small reduction in classification accuracy.
An architecture for real-time reasoning and system control

The Procedural Reasoning System, a generic reasoning system based on the rational-agent architecture, is described. The system has been applied to several real-time applications, including mobile robot control, system control for a surveillance aircraft, and air traffic management. Two applications that are relevant to process industries handling malfunctions for the reaction control system of NASA's Space Shuttle and diagnosing and controlling failures and overloads in a telecommunications network are discussed. Specifically, the representation and management of malfunction-handling procedures and tasks. <<ETX>>
Warfare and Social Preferences in Children

Since Darwin, warfare and inter-group hostilities have been hypothesized as catalysts in explanations for the evolutionary puzzle of human pro-sociality. Lethal conflicts would foster the development of social norms that suppress competition within groups, strengthen preference for ingroup parochialism and promote overall group-level cooperation. However, the evidence is limited to ethnographic accounts on prevalence of warfare in foraging societies and experiments documenting behaviour consistent with parochial altruism in peaceful settings. Moreover, the necessary timescale for the evolution of altruistic traits remains controversial. To address this question, we conducted dictator game experiments with 564 children in the Republic of Georgia six months after the war with Russia over South Ossetia. Our subjects were 3-11-yr-old children, a period during which children are expected to acquire normative rules of society. Our results indicate that 7-11-yr-old children who were exposed to warfare are more likely to choose egalitarian allocations that remove disadvantageous and advantageous inequality, relative to children who had not such experience. Moreover, egalitarian motives strenghten in simultaneity with group identity, measured as ingroup-outgroup gap (ingroup preferential treatment or parochialism). Because egalitarian motives are important factors in suppressing competition and in underlying strong reciprocity, these results support the logic of group-selection models. These findings suggest that the normative content of social norms, according to which children are socialized, may change quite quickly in response to wars and conflicts, further implying that the evolution of norms may go beyond the process of selective extinction and operate on a very rapid timescale.
Prediction of duodenal nitrogen supply from degradation or organic and nitrogenous matter in situ.

The contribution of different feedstuffs to nitrogen reaching the duodenum was evaluated in situ. Dacron bags containing barley grain, corn grain, wheat silage, corn silage, alfalfa hay, rye grass, whole cottonseeds, or soybean meal were suspended in the rumens of three dairy cows fed roughage and concentrate diets. The effective degradability of the nitrogenous and organic matter of feedstuffs was calculated from their residues after incubation in the rumen for 3, 6, 9, 12, 24, 36, or 48 h. The duodenal nitrogen content at ruminal outflows of 2, 5, or 8%/h was calculated as the sum of undegradable dietary nitrogen and potential microbial nitrogen (assuming 32 g N/kg ruminally degradable organic matter). Comparison of the in situ estimates with previously reported in vivo measurements of duodenal nitrogen in cattle fed diets with similar ingredients to the tested feedstuffs yielded a linear relationship (r2 = .887). The dacron bag technique appears to hold promise for the prediction of nitrogen flow to the duodenum.
Chitinase secreted by Leishmania functions in the sandfly vector

Leishmania major parasites ingested with host blood by the sandfly Phlebotomus papatasi multiply confined within the peritrophic membrane. This mem brane consists of a chitin framework and a protein carbohydrate matrix and it is secreted around the food by the insect midgut. Histological sections of infected flies show lysis of the chitin layer in the anterior region of the peritrophic membrane that permits the essential forward migration of a concentrated mass of parasites. Both the location and the nature of this disintegration are specific to infected flies. At a later stage the parasites concentrate in the cardiac valve region and subsequently this segment of the fore gut loses its cuticular lining. We have found that chitinase and A-acetylglucosaminidase are secreted by cultured L. major promastigotes, but not by sandfly guts. Hence lysis of the chitin layer of the peritrophic membrane could be catalysed by these enzymes of the parasites. Activity of both enzymes was also observed in other trypanosomatids, including L. donovani, L. infantum, L. braziliensis, Leptomonas seymouri, Crithidia fasciculata and Trypanosoma lewisi.
C/C++ Thread Safety Analysis

Writing multithreaded programs is hard. Static analysis tools can help developers by allowing threading policies to be formally specified and mechanically checked. They essentially provide a static type system for threads, and can detect potential race conditions and deadlocks. This paper describes Clang Thread Safety Analysis, a tool which uses annotations to declare and enforce thread safety policies in C and C++ programs. Clang is a production-quality C++ compiler which is available on most platforms, and the analysis can be enabled for any build with a simple warning flag: -Wthread-safety. The analysis is deployed on a large scale at Google, where it has provided sufficient value in practice to drive widespread voluntary adoption. Contrary to popular belief, the need for annotations has not been a liability, and even confers some benefits with respect to software evolution and maintenance.
Effects of Alloying Additions on Fe-Mn-Si Shape Memory Alloys

Fe-Mn-Si alloys are shape memory alloys which make use of the γ→e stress-induced martensitic transformation. In this study, we report the effects of alloying additions on the shape memory effect (SME) of these alloys. It was found that the Ms temperature, the Neel temperature (TN) and the volume of stress-induced martensite govern the SME. Through the optimization of these factors we found that new alloy systems such as Fe-28Mn-6Si-5Cr, Fe-20Mn-5Si-8Cr-5Ni and Fe-16Mn-5Si-12Cr-5Ni alloys could exhibit good SME along with good corrosion resistance. And it was also found that the thermomechanical treatment which improved the SME in Fe-Mn-Si base system was also effective to improve the SME of these new systems.
Finding fugacity feasible, fruitful, and fun

A review is presented concerning the evolution of the fugacity concept as applied to environmental science. The series of serendipitous events that ultimately resulted in publication of the paper “Finding Fugacity Feasible” in 1979 is described. The use of fugacity as a surrogate for concentration is shown to facilitate the compilation and solution of mass‐balance equations. It has proved to be valuable in a number of contexts, notably the description of chemical fate in unit worlds at various levels of complexity. More complex systems can be simulated as sets of connected unit worlds. The fugacity approach enables the multimedia character of organic chemicals to be deduced, thus contributing to the evaluation of chemical properties that impact persistence and long‐range transport. It has proved to be especially insightful for describing bioconcentration, bioaccumulation, and pharmacokinetic phenomena. Applications to the sensing and monitoring of chemical presence in the environment are described. Suggestions are made for subject areas in which the fugacity concept may prove to be particularly valuable in the future. Finally, the many colleagues who have contributed to the use of fugacity when quantifying chemical behavior in the environment are acknowledged.
Microenvironment and Immunology Antibody-Dependent Cell Cytotoxicity Synapses Form in Mice during Tumor-Specific Antibody Immunotherapy

Antibody-dependent cell cytotoxicity (ADCC) plays a critical role in monoclonal antibody (mAb)-mediated cancer therapy. ADCC, however, has not been directly shown in vivo but inferred from the requirement for IgG Fc receptors (FcgR) in tumor rejection in mice. Here, we investigated the mechanism of action of a Tn antigenspecific chimeric mAb (Chi-Tn), which binds selectively to a wide variety of carcinomas, but not to normal tissues, in both humans and mice. Chi-Tn mAb showed no direct toxicity against carcinomas cell lines in vitro but induced the rejection of a murine breast tumor in 80% to 100% of immunocompetent mice, when associated with cyclophosphamide. Tumor rejection was abolished in Fc receptors–associated g chain (FcR-g)–deficient mice, suggesting a role for ADCC. Indeed, tumor cells formed stable conjugates in vivo with FcR-g chainexpressing macrophages and neutrophils in Chi-Tn mAb-treated but not in control mAb-treated mice. The contact zone between tumor cells and ADCC effectors accumulated actin, FcgR and phospho-tyrosines. The in vivo formed ADCC synapses were organized in multifocal supra-molecular activation clusters. These results show that in vivo ADCC mediated by macrophages and neutrophils during tumor rejection by Chi-Tn mAb involves a novel type of multifocal immune synapse between effectors of innate immunity and tumor cells. Cancer Res; 71(15); 5134–43. 2011 AACR.
The Methoxyflavonoid Isosakuranetin Suppresses UV-B-Induced Matrix Metalloproteinase-1 Expression and Collagen Degradation Relevant for Skin Photoaging

Solar ultraviolet (UV) radiation is a main extrinsic factor for skin aging. Chronic exposure of the skin to UV radiation causes the induction of matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs), such as MMP-1, and consequently results in alterations of the extracellular matrix (ECM) and skin photoaging. Flavonoids are considered as potent anti-photoaging agents due to their UV-absorbing and antioxidant properties and inhibitory activity against UV-mediated MMP induction. To identify anti-photoaging agents, in the present study we examined the preventative effect of methoxyflavonoids, such as sakuranetin, isosakuranetin, homoeriodictyol, genkwanin, chrysoeriol and syringetin, on UV-B-induced skin photo-damage. Of the examined methoxyflavonoids, pretreatment with isosakuranetin strongly suppressed the UV-B-mediated induction of MMP-1 in human keratinocytes in a concentration-dependent manner. Isosakuranetin inhibited UV-B-induced phosphorylation of mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling components, ERK1/2, JNK1/2 and p38 proteins. This result suggests that the ERK1/2 kinase pathways likely contribute to the inhibitory effects of isosakuranetin on UV-induced MMP-1 production in human keratinocytes. Isosakuranetin also prevented UV-B-induced degradation of type-1 collagen in human dermal fibroblast cells. Taken together, our findings suggest that isosakuranetin has the potential for development as a protective agent for skin photoaging through the inhibition of UV-induced MMP-1 production and collagen degradation.
Delivery of the endolysin Cpl-1 by inhalation rescues mice with fatal pneumococcal pneumonia.

OBJECTIVES Pneumonia is associated with a high morbidity and mortality worldwide. Streptococcus pneumoniae remains the most common cause of pneumonia, and pneumococcal antibiotic resistance is increasing. The purified bacteriophage endolysin Cpl-1 rapidly and specifically kills pneumococci. We tested the hypothesis that a single dose of recombinant aerosolized Cpl-1 would rescue mice with severe pneumococcal pneumonia. METHODS Female C57Bl/6 mice (aged 8-12 weeks) were transnasally infected with pneumococci. When severe pneumonia was established 24 h after infection, mice were treated with 25 μL of aerosolized Cpl-1. Survival was monitored for 10 days and the pulmonary and systemic bacterial burdens were assessed. Furthermore, cytokines were quantified in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid, and lung morphology was analysed histologically. RESULTS The endolysin efficiently reduced pulmonary bacterial counts and averted bacteraemia. Although concentrations of inflammatory cytokines were increased shortly after Cpl-1 inhalation, mice recovered rapidly, as shown by increasing body weight, and inflammatory infiltrates resolved in the lungs, leading to a reduction in mortality of 80%. CONCLUSIONS Administration of Cpl-1 by inhalation may offer a new therapeutic perspective for the treatment of pneumococcal lung infection.
Electrical and thermal conductivities of aluminum-based composites containing multi-walled carbon nanotubes

Aluminum-based composites containing multi-walled carbon nanotubes are produced by a powder metallurgy route involving a ball-milling technique. Effects of processing parameters on the dispersion of multi-walled carbon nanotubes and resulting properties are investigated. Multi-walled carbon nanotubes, initially located on the powder surface with maintaining their connectivity, become dispersed individually and embedded progressively in the aluminum powder during a milling process. The composite with individually dispersed multi-walled carbon nanotubes shows a good strength but poor electrical and thermal conductivities. On the other hand, the composite with a network structure of MWCNTs reveals much enhanced electrical conductivity of 3.316 × 107 Sm−1 and thermal conductivity of 172 W/m K.
Properties of High Temperature Sintered Clay Ceramic Added with Multi-Wire Sawn Granite Waste

Brazil is currently one of the world leading producers and exporters of ornamental stones. The increasing production also generates a proportionally huge amount of wastes. Depending on stones such as granite, these wastes may be composed of relatively high content of alkaline oxides. This is a low melting point flux with advantage for a potential addition of the waste into common clay ceramic. Thus, the present work investigated the addition of a granite waste, generated during the sawing stage using the multi-wire technology, into clayey ceramics fired at 1200oC. This ceramic added with up to 30 wt% waste were evaluated in terms of linear shrinkage, water absorption and flexural strength. It was found that the waste fluxing compounds promoted a reduction in water absorption and increase in strength that are associated with an improved clayey ceramic.
Birefringent Thin Films and Polarizing Elements

Part 1 Propagation in biaxial media: propagation equations basis vectors transfer matrices reflection and transmission guided waves. Part 2 Characterization of biaxial films: deposition form birefringence effective media anisotropic scatter fluid transport metal films. Part 3 Applications of biaxial media: linear polarizers phase retarders birefringent filters.
Power-aware virtual machine scheduling on clouds using active cooling control and DVFS

This paper presents a virtual machine scheduling algorithm for Cloud Computing based on Green Computing concepts. The goal of this algorithm is the minimization of energy consumption in task executions in a cloud computing environment. This algorithm uses some features like shutdown of underutilized hosts, migration of loads of hosts that are operating below a certain threshold, and DVFS. It also applies the concept of active cooling control in order to minimize power consumption. The choice of which host will receive load is based on the concept of higher energy efficiency from the hosts, which is given by the ratio of MIPS by the energy consumed of each host. Results from simulation of this algorithm confronted with other surveyed algorithms have shown that it can improve the power consumption in clouds composed of heterogeneous datacenters while being equivalent to the best algorithms in homogeneous datacenters.
Using Cases to Explain Electronic Commerce Adoption and Success in Small and Medium-sized Enterprises

Electronic Commerce (EC) is becoming an increasingly important activity in small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs). This paper presents a model of the factors influencing the levels of EC adoption and EC success in SMEs. Case studies of five SMEs in the IT industry were used to explore two constructs in the EC literature: (1) EC adoption and (2) EC success. Both were found to be relevant and worthy of further research to develop valid and reliable instruments for their measurement. In addition, the case studies highlighted the relationship between levels of EC adoption and EC success in SMEs.
Metabolic Adaptations of Uropathogenic E. coli in the Urinary Tract

Escherichia coli ordinarily resides in the lower gastrointestinal tract in humans, but some strains, known as Uropathogenic E. coli (UPEC), are also adapted to the relatively harsh environment of the urinary tract. Infections of the urine, bladder and kidneys by UPEC may lead to potentially fatal bloodstream infections. To survive this range of conditions, UPEC strains must have broad and flexible metabolic capabilities and efficiently utilize scarce essential nutrients. Whole-organism (or “omics”) methods have recently provided significant advances in our understanding of the importance of metabolic adaptation in the success of UPECs. Here we describe the nutritional and metabolic requirements for UPEC infection in these environments, and focus on particular metabolic responses and adaptations of UPEC that appear to be essential for survival in the urinary tract.
COPD is associated with increased mortality in patients with community-acquired pneumonia

Patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) who develop community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) may experience worse clinical outcomes. However, COPD is not included as a distinct diagnosis in validated instruments that predict mortality in patients with CAP. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the impact of COPD as a comorbid condition on 30- and 90-day mortality in CAP patients. A retrospective observational study was conducted at two hospitals. Eligible patients had a discharge diagnosis and radiological confirmation of CAP. Among 744 patients with CAP, 215 had a comorbid diagnosis of COPD and 529 did not have COPD. The COPD group had a higher mean pneumonia severity index score (105±32 versus 87±34) and were admitted to the intensive care unit more frequently (25 versus 18%). After adjusting for severity of disease and processes of care, CAP patients with COPD showed significantly higher 30- and 90-day mortality than non-COPD patients. Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease patients hospitalised with community-acquired pneumonia exhibited higher 30- and 90-day mortality than patients without chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease should be evaluated for inclusion in community-acquired pneumonia prediction instruments.
Tetrathiafulvalene-tetracarboxylate: an intriguing building block with versatility in coordination structures and redox properties.

The synthesis of the transition metal coordination polymers containing a tetrathiafulvalene (TTF) moiety substituted with a tetracarboxylate group of the formulas [Mn(L)(0.5)(phen)(H(2)O)(2)](n). nH(2)O (1), [Mn(L)(0.5)(bpy)](n). nH(2)O (2), [Mn(L)(0.5)(bpy)(CH(3)OH)](n). 2nH(2)O (3), and [Cu(L)(0.5)(bpy)(DMF)](n). n(DMF) (4) (L(4-) = TTF-tetracarboxylate; phen = 1,10-phenanthroline; bpy = 2,2'-bipyridine) is reported. Complex 1 is a two-dimensional (2-D) coordination polymer constructed of infinite carboxylate bridged Mn(II) chains and TTF moiety linkages. Complex 2 possesses a 3-D polymeric structure formed by infinite -Mn-(O-C-O)(2)-Mn- bridged one-dimensional (1-D) chains, which are further coordinated by TTF-tetracarboxylate ligands of two different orientations. Both complexes 3 and 4 show 1-D extended chain structures but are constituted by different dinuclear metal(II) units with a -Mn-(O-C-O)(2)-Mn- bridge in 3 and a -Cu-(O)(2)-Cu- bridge in 4. Electrochemical study of the solid-state compounds attests to the redox activity of the coordination system. Magnetic investigations reveal the existence of antiferromagnetic interactions between magnetic centers in complexes 3 and 4, while in 1, the paramagnetic metallic centers are isolated, in agreement with the solid-state structure.
Learning while (re)configuring: Business model innovation processes in established firms

This study addresses the question of how established organizations develop new business models over time, using a process research approach to trace how four business model innovation trajectories unfold. With organizational learning as analytical lens, we discern two process patterns: “drifting” starts with an emphasis on experiential learning and shifts later to cognitive search; “leaping,” in contrast, starts with an emphasis on cognitive search and shifts later to experiential learning. Both drifting and leaping can result in radical business model innovations, while their occurrence depends on whether a new business model takes off from an existing model and when it goes into operation. We discuss the implications of these findings for theory on business models and organizational learning.
Generalized Temporal Role Based Access Control Model (GTRBAC) Part I Specification and Modeling

A temporal RBAC (TRBAC) model has recently been proposed that addresses the temporal aspects of roles and trigger-based role enabling. However, it is limited to constraints on enabling of roles only. We propose a Generalized Temporal Role Based Access Control model (GTRBAC) that is capable of expressing a wider range of temporal constraints. GTRBAC is capable of expressing periodic as well as duration constraints on roles, user-role assignments and role permission assignments. In GTRBAC, temporal constraints on role enablings and role activations can be separately specified. A user-activated role can further be restricted to various activation constraints such as cardinality constraint or maximum active duration constraint within a specified interval. The GTRBAC model extends the syntactic structure of TRBAC model and its event and trigger expressions subsume those of TRBAC. Portions of this work were supported by the sponsors of the Center for Education and Research in Information Assurance and Security (CERIAS)