Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Advertising Effectiveness: An Approach Based on What Consumers Perceive and What Advertisers Need

This paper examines how advertising effectiveness can be defined and measured. We propose a 3D-effectiveness key performance indicator involving the weighted prominence of three factors: recall, brand image and buying intention. In this way, the indicator proposed improves the metrics of this type known in the Spanish market. Using experimental data about 20 fixed brands and other 12 variable brands collected along the 52 weeks of a year, we find that this indicator reflects consumer’s perceptions and that it fits advertising company’s needs. We have developed a web tool to provide the market with a benchmark measure of advertising effectiveness. Finally, we discuss future research lines.
Rewarding in open innovation communities – how to motivate members

In order to attract and enhance users' commitment to participate in online open innovation communities, it is important to know what types of motivators are important for the members. Both monetary and non-monetary rewards can be used for motivating participation. In this study we focus on studying the role of rewarding in online open innovation intermediaries. The data was collected by interviews with the community maintainers of three open innovation intermediaries and by a web survey in the communities maintained by them. In the studied communities, the web survey respondents found monetary rewarding important, as well as non-monetary rewarding based on the quality of ideas. According to the maintainers' interviews, combinations of monetary and non-monetary rewarding are important. In addition, we analysed the rewarding mechanisms in 12 open innovation communities. We found that both monetary and non-monetary rewarding methods are used in the studied open innovation intermediaries.
The Determinants of Implied Volatility: A Test Using LIFFE Option Prices

This paper presents and tests a model of the volatility of individual companies' stocks, using implied volatilities derived from option prices. The data comes from traded options quoted on the London International Financial Futures Exchange. The model relates equity volatilities to corporate earnings announcements, interest-rate volatility and to four determining variables representing leverage, the degree of fixed-rate debt, asset duration and cash flow inflation indexation. The model predicts that equity volatility is positively related to duration and leverage and negatively related to the degree of inflation indexation and the proportion of fixed-rate debt in the capital structure. Empirical results suggest that duration, the proportion of fixed-rate debt, and leverage are significantly related to implied volatility. Regressions using all four determining variables explain approximately 30% of the cross-sectional variation in volatility. Time series tests confirm an expected drop in volatility shortly after the earnings announcement and in most cases a positive relationship between the volatility of the stock and the volatility of interest rates. Copyright Blackwell Publishers Ltd 2000.
Transactivation and Inhibitory Domains of Hypoxia-inducible Factor 1α

Hypoxia-inducible factor 1 (HIF-1) binds to cis-acting hypoxia-response elements within the erythropoietin, vascular endothelial growth factor, and other genes to activate transcription in hypoxic cells. HIF-1 is a basic helix-loop-helix transcription factor composed of HIF-1α and HIF-1β subunits. Here, we demonstrate that HIF-1α contains two transactivation domains located between amino acids 531 and 826. When expressed as GAL4 fusion proteins, the transcriptional activity of these domains increased in response to hypoxia. Fusion protein levels were unaffected by changes in cellular O2 tension. Two minimal transactivation domains were localized to amino acid residues 531–575 and 786–826. The transcriptional activation domains were separated by amino acid sequences that inhibited transactivation. Deletion analysis demonstrated that the gradual removal of inhibitory domain sequences (amino acids 576–785) was associated with progressively increased transcriptional activity of the fusion proteins, especially in cells cultured at 20% O2. Transcriptional activity of GAL4/HIF-1α fusion proteins was increased in cells exposed to 1% O2, cobalt chloride, or desferrioxamine, each of which also increased levels of endogenous HIF-1α protein but did not affect fusion protein levels. These results indicate that increased transcriptional activity mediated by HIF-1 in hypoxic cells results from both increased HIF-1α protein levels and increased activity of HIF-1α transactivation domains.
Organizational Structure and Performance: Evidence From the Nonlife Insurance Industry in Japan

This study examines the impact of organizational structure on firm performance, incentive problems, and financial decisions in the Japanese nonlife (property-casualty) insurance industry. Stock companies that belong to one of six horizontal keiretsu groups have lower expenses and lower levels of free cash flow than independent stock and mutual insurance companies. Keiretsu insurers also have higher profitability and higher loss ratios than independent insurers. With a limited sample size, there is some evidence that mutual insurers have higher levels of free cash flows, higher investment incomes, and lower financial leverage than their stock counterparts. Overall, empirical evidence suggests that each structure has its own comparative advantage. Copyright The Journal of Risk and Insurance.
Narrative Leadership: Storying Leaders in the Executive Business School Classroom

I use interactional sociolinguistics to explore how participants in a thirteen-month-long executive master’s program focused on leadership navigate leadership identities within the classroom, focusing on narratives of professional experience. As I will argue, narrators claim a professional identity semiotically by constructing a corporation and then claiming a position within or relative to it. Whereas in a related project I explore such work through the concept “discursive othering,” in this project I focus on narratives. Specifically, I examine how agency is accomplished in these narratives at several levels: first, within the world of the story, second, at the interactional level, and, finally, at the intertextual level. Ultimately, I will consider what implications all of these processes have on the discursive construction of leadership.
How does distributive justice affect work attitudes? The moderating effects of autonomy

Organizational justice has been a frequently used lens for understanding employee attitudes, particularly towards the fair distribution of rewards. This study of 184 New Zealand employees found distributive justice relating to pay, benefits, and rewards to be significantly linked to job satisfaction and turnover intentions. Further, job autonomy was found to significantly interact with these relationships. While employees with high job autonomy reported higher job satisfaction and lower turnover intentions when distributive justice was high, employees with little job autonomy registered significantly larger changes in work attitudes. The findings highlight the importance of felt independence and autonomy over work in the role that justice perceptions play in organizations.
Magnetic Materials Used in Electrical Machines: A Comparison and Selection Guide for Early Machine Design

This article presents an up-to-date magnetic material investigation and overview on soft magnetic materials used in rotating electrical machines. The focus is on small-to-medium-sized high-performance and high-efficiency permanent-magnet and induction motors for different application scenarios. The investigated materials include fully processed silicon-iron (SiFe), nickel-iron (NiFe), and cobalt-iron (CoFe) lamination steels as well as soft magnetic composites (SMCs) and amorphous magnetic materials. This article focuses on the magnetic properties and iron losses as well as the manufacturing influence and required thermal treatments during the manufacturing process. A new loss-to-flux-density factor is introduced to compare the magnetization curve and the iron losses of different materials within the same diagram. This article provides a review and comparison of magnetic substances for use in high-performance machines.
Neurospora crassa ASM-1 complements the conidiation defect in a stuA mutant of Aspergillus nidulans

Aspergillus nidulans StuA and Neurospora crassa ASM-1 are orthologous APSES (ASM-1, PHD1, SOK2, Efg1, StuA) transcription factors conserved across a diverse group of fungi. StuA and ASM-1 have roles in asexual (conidiation) and sexual (ascospore formation) development in both organisms. To address the hypothesis that the last common ancestor of these diverse fungi regulated conidiation with similar genes, asm-1 was introduced into the stuA1 mutant of A. nidulans. Expression of asm-1 complemented defective conidiophore morphology and restored conidia production to wild type levels in stuA1. Expression of asm-1 in the stuA1 strain did not rescue the defect in sexual development. When the conidiation regulator AbaA was tagged at its C-terminus with GFP in A. nidulans, it localized to nuclei in phialides. When expressed in the stuA1 mutant, AbaA::GFP localized to nuclei in conidiophores but no longer was confined to phialides, suggesting that expression of AbaA in specific cell types of the conidiophore was conditioned by StuA. Our data suggest that the function in conidiation of StuA and ASM-1 is conserved and support the view that, despite the great morphological and ontogenic diversity of their condiphores, the last common ancestor of A. nidulans and N. crassa produced an ortholog of StuA that was involved in conidiophore development.
Fuzzy-based fault diagnosis system for induction motors on smart grid structures

This study aims to develop a fuzzy algorithm-based induction motor fault diagnosis system. First, the electrical and vibration signals of motor are measured by using electrical analysis and vibration analysis methods. Secondly, the electrical indexes of international specifications are calculated and the vibrating shaft trajectory pattern is recorded, the feature values are extracted by index fitness evaluation and fractal theory, so as to design the fuzzy-based fault diagnosis system, to evaluate the probability of various types of motor faults. Finally, the feasibility is evaluated by using health and common motor (stator, rotor, bearing and eccentric) fault defect models.
VLSI Implementation of Low Power High Throughput Low Density Parity Check Code Decoder for Optical Communication

In this paper we propose a novel architecture with an adaptive approach to the existing partly parallel joint code and decoder design methodology for low density parity check (LDPC) codes. The low power and high throughput are achieved by an 'adaptive iteration controller', regulating the number of iterations required for error correction. We propose an architecture for a 2304 bit, rate-frac12, (3,6) regular LDPC code decoder which supports a symbol throughput of 216 Mbps and achieves a maximum BER of 10-6 at 2 dB over AWGN channel performing a maximum of 12 decoding iterations. We inspect the possibility of LDPC decoder serving as channel decoders for synchronous optical networks (SONET), 802.3an (10G Ethernet), DVB-S2 (digital video broadcast) and 802.16e (broadband wireless access). Cadence RTL Compiler has been used for synthesis at 90 nm and a special flow has been devised to predict and analyze performance in very deep sub-micrometer (vDSM)
Oromandibular reconstruction using microvascular composite flaps: report of 210 cases.

OBJECTIVE To review the experience of 1 microvascular surgeon during an 11-year period in performing 210 vascularized bone-containing free flaps for oromandibular reconstruction. DESIGN Retrospective medical records review of patients who underwent primary and secondary oromandibular reconstruction with the use of vascularized bone free flaps. SETTING Academic medical center. PATIENTS A total of 201 patients underwent 210 composite free-flap reconstructions of the mandible for various disorders and with a range of bony and soft tissue defects. INTERVENTION All patients underwent the microvascular transfer of vascularized bone flaps from the ilium, fibula, or scapula. In selected cases, 2 simultaneous free flaps were transferred to achieve an optimal bone and soft tissue reconstruction. Endosteal dental implants were used in 81 patients, with a total of 360 fixtures placed during these 11 years. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES The success of microvascular free tissue transfer, dental implant extrusion, and short- and long-term complications at the recipient and donor sites. RESULTS Of the 210 mandibular reconstructions that were performed, 202 were successful in reestablishing mandibular continuity. Reexploration for vascular-related complications was done in 16 patients, 8 of whom were successfully treated, yielding an overall success rate of 96%. The overall success rate for endosteal dental implants was 92%. The implant success rate was 86% when the bone in which the fixtures were placed was irradiated postoperatively. The success rate was 64% in the 14 fixtures that were placed into previously irradiated bone. CONCLUSIONS The success of the use of vascularized bone free flaps in restoring continuity to the mandible is clearly demonstrated in this series. There was an acceptable incidence of donor- and recipient-site complications that resulted in minimal long-term morbidity. The careful selection of a donor site(s) for oromandibular reconstruction allows for an optimal restoration of bony and soft tissue defects. Dental implants can be safely used in oromandibular reconstruction with a high level of success. Placing these implants during the initial surgery shortens the duration for achieving dental rehabilitation and enhances the success of the implants when postoperative radiotherapy is administered.
Commodity Price Changes are Concentrated at the End of the Cycle

This paper introduces a new approach to the analysis of the cyclical behaviour of world commodity prices. Within booms and slumps, the behaviour of commodity prices seems to be quite similar, surprisingly even amongst different types of commodities (soft and hard), which are influenced by different shocks. The key result is that during commodity price booms, the faster growth occurs towards the end of the boom. Likewise, most of the collapse of prices occurs towards the end of slumps. This paper first establishes this behaviour as a new empirical regularity of commodity prices. Secondly, this paper introduces a novel way to conceptualise shocks to commodity prices as a cyclical occurrence, and on the basis of this newly established empirical regularity, the size of these cyclical shocks act as leading indicators of impending turnings points.
Tandem scanning reflected light microscopy of internal features in whole bone and tooth samples

An improved version of the tandem‐scanning reflected‐light microscope (Petran et al., 1968) has been studied with respect to its applicability to the study of mammalian mineralized tissues. It was found to have important advantages compared with other light microscopic methods, since it allowed microscopic structures to be seen at considerable depths within intact specimens. It has a small depth of focus and gives high contrast for features such as osteocyte lacunae and canaliculi in bone, and prism boundaries in dental enamel.
Science and proven experience: a Swedish variety of evidence-based medicine and a way to better risk analysis?

Abstract A key question for evidence-based medicine (EBM) is how best to model the way in which EBM should ‘[integrate] individual clinical expertise and the best external evidence’. We argue that the formulations and models available in the literature today are modest variations on a common theme and face very similar problems when it comes to risk analysis, which is here understood as a decision procedure comprising a factual assessment of risk, the risk assessment, and the decision what to do based on this assessment, the risk management. Both the early and updated models of evidence-based clinical decisions presented in the writings of Haynes, Devereaux and Guyatt assume that EBM consists of, among other things, evidence from clinical research together with information about patients’ values and clinical expertise. On this A-view, EBM describes all that goes on in a specific justifiable medical decision. There is, however, an alternative interpretation of EBM, the B-view, in which EBM describes just one component of the decision situation (a component usually based on evidence from clinical research) and in which, together with other types of evidence, EBM leads to a justifiable clincial decision but does not describe the decision itself. This B-view is inspired by a 100-years older version of EBM, a Swedish standard requiring medical decision-making, professional risk-taking and practice to be in accordance with ‘science and proven experience’ (VBE). In the paper, we outline how the Swedish concept leads to an improved understanding of the way in which scientific evidence and clinical experience can and cannot be integrated in light of EBM. How scientific evidence and clinical experience is integrated influences both the way we do risk assessment and risk management. In addition, the paper sketches the as yet unexplored historical background to VBE and EBM.
Empirical Analysis of Balance of Payment Adjustment Mechanisms: Monetary Channel in Nigeria, 1970– 2010

This study attempt is toward understanding the application of monetary approach as adjustment mechanism to correct balance of payments dis-equilibrium. It examined the review of empirical studies of the theory in Nigeria, explained the observed behavior of Nigeria’s balance of payments. It also aimed at the verification or refutation of monetary theory in Nigeria’s balance of payments adjustment mechanisms, given that any theory irrespective of its elegance in clarification or its sound logical reliability cannot be established and generally accepted without some empirical testing. The study was piloted via linear regression analysis using data from 1970 to 2010. The estimated result shows a positive relationship between the dependent variable (Balance of Payments) and the Independent variables (Domestic Credit, Exchange Rate andBalance of Trade)while (Inflation Rate and Gross Domestic product) are otherwise. It concludes that though not entirely, monetary measures constitute immensely to the position of BOP, cause disturbances and also serve as adjustment mechanism to bring BOP to equilibrium depending on it application and policy mix by monetary authority. However, it recommends that the government through Central Bank of Nigeria (CBN) should apply expenditure reducing monetary policies through money supply and domestic credit to promote favourable BOT which invariably stabilizes BOP. DOI: 10.5901/mjss.2014. v5n14p67
Recombinant Subunits of Mammalian Elongation Factor 1 Expressed in Escherichia coli

The first step in elongation requires two different activities; elongation factor (EF)-1α transfers aminoacyl-tRNA to the ribosome and is released upon hydrolysis of GTP, EF-1βγδ catalyzes exchange of GDP on EF-1α with GTP. To analyze the role of the individual subunits of EF-1 in elongation, the cDNAs for the β, γ, and δ subunits of EF-1 from rabbit were cloned, and proteins of 225, 437, and 280 amino acids, respectively, were expressed in Escherichia coli. The purified recombinant β subunit migrates as a dimer and the γ subunit as a trimer upon gel filtration, whereas the δ subunit forms a large aggregate. Complexes of βγ, γδ and βγδ were formed by self-association and eluted with a molecular mass of approximately 160, 530, and 670 kDa, respectively; no interaction was observed between β and δ. The activity of the recombinant subunits was determined with native EF-1α by measuring stimulation of the rate of elongation by poly(U)-directed polyphenylalanine synthesis. Recombinant β and δ alone stimulated the rate of elongation by 10-fold, with a ratio of 5α:2β or δ. The βγδ complex stimulated EF-1α activity up to 10-fold with a ratio of 20α to 1βγδ. Phosphorylation of the β and δ subunits alone or in βγδ by protein kinase CKII had no effect on the rate of elongation.
Aggregation in activity-based costing and the short run activity cost function

This paper first identifies the conditions that support the construction of an aggregate output, i.e. the conditions under which a single measure of output can be used to accurately determine cost object incremental costs within a cost pool. This is a significant issue which has not been fully explored in the management accounting literature. Two conditions are jointly necessary and sufficient. The first one is the linear homogeneity property associated with each cost object production function. This condition ensures that costs are linear with output, which is essential if the cost reported by an activity-based costing (ABC) system is also to be a relevant cost for decision? making. The second is that all (cost object) cost driver rates for a given cost pool are equal. This condition guarantees that the cost function at a given activity depends on only one cost driver. The short run structure of ABC is also introduced. It is shown that the fundamental ABC property of linearly between costs and output does not generally hold in the short run, even assuming that technologies are linearly homogeneous. Only under very particular conditions, such as when inputs are combined in completely fixed proportions, are short run costs linear with output.
Genetic risk for colitis-associated colorectal cancer

The development of colorectal cancer (CRC) is arguably the most feared complication of ulcerative colitis. Clinical variables correlated with the development of CRC in patients with ulcerative colitis include age at onset, duration and geographical extent of disease, and concomitant primary sclerosing cholangitis (PSC). Patients with ulcerative colitis and with extensive duration of disease or pancolitis have a cumulative lifetime risk of CRC that exceeds 30%. 1 Although the pathogenesis of CRC that develops in patients with ulcerative colitis is poorly understood, several studies have identified molecular features that distinguish CRC associated with ulcerative colitis from sporadic CRC.2 3 4 5 CRC that develops in patients with ulcerative colitis is most common in the rectum and sigmoid colon, almost always occurs in areas involved by chronic inflammation, and is more frequently characterised by multiple synchronous tumours than is sporadic CRC.6 It is generally preceded by dysplasia, which therefore provides cogent rationale for colonoscopic surveillance for CRC in patients with ulcerative colitis, particularly those with pancolitis and extended duration of disease. Although a large number of germline and somatic genetic lesions have been associated with a predisposition to the development of CRC, little is known about the extent to which genetic factors may influence the risk for development of CRC in patients with ulcerative colitis. In this issue of Gut , Garrity-Park and colleagues7 ( see page 1226 ) now report that risk for the development of CRC in patients with ulcerative colitis is associated with specific HLA-DR and HLA-DQ alleles encoded at loci within the class II region of the major histocompatibility complex (MHC) on chromosome 6p. The HLA-DR and HLA-DQ molecules are heterodimeric cell surface proteins that present polypeptide antigens derived primarily from extracellular sources to CD4 + T lymphocytes, and play multiple critical roles in adaptive immunity. …