Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Moment Balancing Templates: Universal Constructions to Add Insertion/Deletion Correction Capability to Arbitrary Error Correcting or Constrained Codes

We investigate extending a chosen block or convolutional code which has additive error correction capability, as predetermined by the usual communication systems or coding considerations. Our extension involves constructing a template to add additional redundant bits in positions, selected to balance the moment of the code word. Using some number theoretic constructions in the literature, insertion/deletion correction can then be achieved. If the template is carefully designed, the number of additional redundant bits for the insertion/deletion correction can be kept small - in some cases of the same order as for Hamming codes. Our construction technique can also be used for the systematic encoding of number theoretic codes, and furthermore have implications for other coding techniques utilizing the moment function, such as codes correcting asymmetrical errors, spectral shaping codes, or constant weight codes.
Anti-Inflammatory Effects of Traditional Chinese Medicines against Ischemic Injury in In Vivo Models of Cerebral Ischemia

Inflammation plays a crucial role in the pathophysiology of acute ischemic stroke. In the ischemic cascade, resident microglia are rapidly activated in the brain parenchyma and subsequently trigger inflammatory mediator release, which facilitates leukocyte-endothelial cell interactions in inflammation. Activated leukocytes invade the endothelial cell junctions and destroy the blood-brain barrier integrity, leading to brain edema. Toll-like receptors (TLRs) stimulation in microglia/macrophages through the activation of intercellular signaling pathways secretes various proinflammatory cytokines and enzymes and then aggravates cerebral ischemic injury. The secreted cytokines activate the proinflammatory transcription factors, which subsequently regulate cytokine expression, leading to the amplification of the inflammatory response and exacerbation of the secondary brain injury. Traditional Chinese medicines (TCMs), including TCM-derived active compounds, Chinese herbs, and TCM formulations, exert neuroprotective effects against inflammatory responses by downregulating the following: ischemia-induced microglial activation, microglia/macrophage-mediated cytokine production, proinflammatory enzyme production, intercellular adhesion molecule-1, matrix metalloproteinases, TLR expression, and deleterious transcription factor activation. TCMs also aid in upregulating anti-inflammatory cytokine expression and neuroprotective transcription factor activation in the ischemic lesion in the inflammatory cascade during the acute phase of cerebral ischemia. Thus, TCMs exert potent anti-inflammatory properties in ischemic stroke and warrant further investigation.
Usability and open source software.

Open source communities have successfully developed many pieces of software although most computer users only use proprietary applications. The usability of open source software is often regarded as one reason for this limited distribution. In this paper we review the existing evidence of the usability of open source software and discuss how the characteristics of open-source development influence usability. We describe how existing human-computer interaction techniques can be used to leverage distributed networked communities, of developers and users, to address issues of usability.
Ribbonlength of folded ribbon unknots in the plane

We study Kauffman's model of folded ribbon knots: knots made of a thin strip of paper folded flat in the plane. The ribbonlength is the length to width ratio of such a ribbon, and it turns out that the way the ribbon is folded influences the ribbonlength. We give an upper bound of $n\cot(\pi/n)$ for the ribbonlength of $n$-stick unknots. We prove that the minimum ribbonlength for a 3-stick unknot with the same type of fold at each vertex is $3\sqrt{3}$, and such a minimizer is an equilateral triangle. We end the paper with a discussion of projection stick number and ribbonlength.
N ov 2 00 5 On local-hidden-variable no-go theorems

The strongest attack against quantum mechanics came in 1935 in the form of a paper by Einstein, Podolsky and Rosen. It was argued that the theory of quantum mechanics could not be called a complete theory of Nature, for every element of reality is not represented in the formalism as such. The authors then put forth a proposition: we must search for a theory where, upon knowing everything about the system, including possible hidden variables, one could make precise predictions concerning elements of reality. This project was ultimatly doomed in 1964 with the work of Bell Bell, who showed that the most general local hidden variable theory could not reproduce correlations that arise in quantum mechanics. There exist mainly three forms of no-go theorems for local hidden variable theories. Although almost every physicist knows the consequences of these no-go theorems, not every physicist is aware of the distinctions between the three or even their exact definitions. Thus we will discuss here the three principal forms of no-go theorems for local hidden variable theories of Nature. We will define Bell theorems, Bell theorems without inequalities and pseudo-telepathy. A discussion of the similarities and differences will follow.
On multi-PHYs structure in Body Area Network

Body Area Network (BAN) consists of multiple in-body/on-body nodes working on different channels to serve a variety of applications. Some applications require logical connection between Multiple Physical Channels (Multi-PHYs), also called MAC transparency. In this paper, the idea of controlling Multi-PHYs using one MAC protocol is introduced. Unlike existing procedures where different nodes working on different channels are connected at the link layer bridging/switching, the proposed procedure called bridging logically connects them at the MAC layer. In other words, the bridge is used to relay or filter packets between different PHYs in the same BAN. Analytical expressions are derived to analyze the stochastic behaviour of the bridges, all of them having Multi-PHYs interfaces. The MICS and the ISM bands are regarded as PHY1 and PHY2 and the performance results are presented for PHY2 (given that data is already received from PHY1) in terms of probability of successful transmission, number of failed requests, power consumption, and delay. Simulations are conducted to validate the analytical results. It can be seen that the deployment of multiple bridges along with the corresponding nodes allows Multi-PHYs communication with high transmission probability, low power consumption, and tolerable delay.
Enclaves inside the State : The Internationalisation of the Swedish public administration

As states are becoming more embedded in complex structures of international and transnational governance tangible effects are being seen in terms of the adjustment of the national administrations coping with international decision making processes. The national adjustment can be seen, not only in terms of formal regulation being made outside the state, which has been the focus of most studies of Europeanization and internationalisation, but also in terms of changed practices among the state actors. This paper focuses on the demands placed on national administrations while participating in international decision making. The paper defines the concept of enclaves as more theoretically founded and empirically adequate than common concepts of networks and policy communities often used to describe international cooperation. Parts of the national administration become embedded in transnational context and follow the rules and working procedures seen as legitimate there. The closest colleagues are those from other member states and international organisations. At the same time they get partly detached from the national level and become enclaves in the national administration. The paper investigates the case of the Swedish public administration and its participation in negotiations: on climate change (UN), employment policy (EU) and trade facilitation (WTO). A theoretical framework, combining theories of governance with more explanatory theories on decision making, is applied to the three empirical cases. The second aim of the study concerning democratic legitimacy is carried out through a number of indicators derived from the deliberative and the representative models of democracy. 1 The initial version of the paper was prepared for the European Union Studies Association EUSA Montreal 16 -19 May 2007.
Managing business change projects : a social practice perspective

This research responds to calls from several fields (including project management and organisational change) questioning the engineering paradigm of objective rationality, systems control and universally-applicable structured methods underpinning conventional ‘best practice’ approaches to managing business change projects. The call is for better understanding of the reality of business change projects as experienced by the people working on them, and for improved theory based on that. This research seeks to explore whether more effective approaches to delivering benefits from business change in organisations could be developed by taking a social practice perspective - focusing on the dynamic and complex processes of social interaction, power relations, and social construction of day-to-day reality. To address these questions, an 18-month ethnographic, participant/observer study has been carried out within a large UK public sector organisation, observing events and behaviours on a day-to-day basis from a practitioner’s perspective, using narrative to capture the complexity of the social reality of project life with all its uncertainty, politics, and emotion. This fieldwork, combining both objectively-observed and subjectively-interpreted findings,identifies some generic intersubjective ‘key aspects’ of business change projects. These ‘key aspects’ have then been interpreted using theoretical concepts from five leading theoretical frameworks (Giddens’ structuration theory, Bourdieu’s theory of practice, Actor-network theory (ANT), Weick’s sensemaking, and Strauss’s symbolic interactionist theory of action). A multi-level theoretical model rooted in the epistemological characteristics of social reality is developed from the relationships emerging from the empirical findings and by employing some of the most relevant theoretical constructs. The model is found to be consistent with practice-based research findings from research into project success in general, and with some approaches to managing uncertainty in projects. The implications of the model for practice are explored, directing attention away from control procedures and detailed planning to a range of more productive management interventions.
Effects of Public Procurement Disposal Act (2005) On Transparency and Accountability on Management of Public Finance: A Case of Public Secondary Schools in Imenti North District

Public procurement has a real impact on everyday lives as the creation of both social and economic infrastructure like roads, schools, hospitals and provisions for drinking water and sanitation are but examples of government investment in public sector. The ultimate goal of public procurement is to satisfy the public interest in this sense of good procurement that should satisfy the needs of the people, should be fair to business, should save and avoid wastage of public funds. Therefore this study intention was to establish the effects of Public Procurement Disposal Act (2005) on transparency and accountability on management of public finance: It was guided by the following objectives; to examine the causes of the delay in procurement activities and their effects; to examine the extent to which the Public Procurement and Disposal Act achieves transparency in the use of state resources, to assess the effects of Public Procurement and Disposal Act on expenditure control and to determine the effects of Public Procurement Disposal Act on fairness and competition. This study adopted descriptive research design and the sample was selected using simple random sampling to ensure representativeness. Data was collected from 86 respondents drawn from 43 public secondary schools in Imenti North District in Meru County and this comprised of two members from tendering committee from each school. Imenti North District was selected since it has the highest number of public Secondary schools in Meru County. Data was collected through semi- structured questionnaire. After the collection of data it was analyzed using SPSS and thereafter presented using frequency tables and percentages. The study revealed (67.9%) that procurement activities and procedures were not transparent in that decisions on procurement activities did not follow the rules and regulations of the Act and these decisions were not available and accessible to the public.
ENCODE regions Identification of higher-order functional domains in the human data

data Supplementary http://www.genome. org/cgi/content/full/17/6/917/DC1 "Supplemental Research Data" References http://www.genome. org/cgi/content/full/17/6/917#otherarticles Article cited in: http://www.genome. org/cgi/content/full/17/6/917#References This article cites 45 articles, 17 of which can be accessed free at: Open Access Freely available online through the Genome Research Open Access option. service Email alerting click here top right corner of the article or Receive free email alerts when new articles cite this article sign up in the box at the Notes
Going Global: Transforming Relief and Development NGOs

Based on a unique insiders perspective, Going Global is the first book-length comprehensive study of the largest of the Northern-based international relief and development NGOs. Marc Lindenberg and Coralie Bryant examine how organizations are responding to the transformative changes globalization demands, how infrastructures are being organized on a worldwide basis, and the challenges of accountability, evaluation and organizational learning. Also discussed are the growing significance of complex emergencies, peacebuilding and advocacy work, as these new contexts grow in importance compared with traditional development project work. Constructed from extensive international fieldwork, and unique and candid group discussions of NGO presidents and CEOs, GOING GLOBAL will be invaluable to anyone studying non-profit management issues in general, as well as the specific challenges faced by relief and development organizations.
Evolutionary swarm robotics approach to a pursuit problem

The pursuit problem is a conventional benchmark in distributed artificial intelligence research. The focal point of previous work in this domain has been the development of coordination mechanisms for predators that cooperatively hunt prey in a typically discrete grid world. This paper investigates a pursuit problem in a continuous torus field on the basis of swarm robotics. Twenty predator robots and three prey robots, each of which can be hunted by multiple predators, are assumed. Predators have a controller represented by evolving artificial neural networks (EANNs), and prey have a predetermined behavior rule for escaping predators. A series of computer simulations were conducted to compare three types of EANNs to determine the efficient artificial evolution of the predator robot controllers.
Removing code bloating in crossover operation in Genetic Programming

The concept of “bloat” in Genetic Programming is a well established phenomenon characterized by variable-length genomes gradually increasing in size during evolution. Bloat is basically a problem that occurs during crossover and mutation. In this paper we are proposing a special type of crossover operation named as Fitness, Elitism, Depth limit & Size (FEDS) crossover to reduce bloat in which we are using local elitism replacement in combination with depth limit and size of the trees to reduce bloat without a subsequent loss of performance. We are also using the point mutation technique together with the FEDS crossover in order to reduce the bloat. To demonstrate our approach we have designed a Multiclass Classifier using GP by taking few benchmark datasets. The results obtained show that by applying FEDS crossover together with point mutation reduces the problem of bloat substantially without compromising the performance.
Macrophagesand Activator Protein-1 Elements in Protein Via IFN Consensus Sequence-Binding Up-Regulates IL-18 Gene Expression g IFN-Sik

2 Constitutive IL-18 expression is detected from many different cells, including macrophages, keratinocytes, and osteoblasts. It has been known that IL-18 gene expression is regulated by two different promoters (p1 promoter and p2 promoter). When RAW 264.7 macrophages were treated with IFN- g , IL-18 gene expression was increased in a dose- and time-dependent manner. IFN- g activated the inducible promoter 1, but not the constitutive promoter 2. Mutagenesis studies indicated that an IFN consensus sequence-binding protein (ICSBP) binding site between 2 39 and 2 22 was critical for the IFN- g inducibility. EMSA using an ICSBP oligonucleotide probe showed that IFN- g treatment increased the formation of DNA-binding complex, which was supershifted with anti-IFN regulatory factor-1 Ab and anti-ICSBP Ab. Another element, an AP-1 site between 2 1120 and 2 1083, was important. EMSA using an AP-1-speciﬁc oligonucleotide demonstrated that IFN- g or LPS treatment increased the AP-1-binding activity. The addition of anti-c-Jun Ab or anti-c-Fos Ab to IFN- g - or LPS-treated nuclear extracts resulted in the reduction of AP-1 complex or the formation of a supershifted complex. Taken together, these results indicate that IFN- g increased IL-18 gene expression via ICSBP and AP-1 elements. The Journal of Immunology, 2000, 165: 3198–3205. 2
Early activation of inflammation- and immune response-related genes after experimental detachment of the porcine retina.

PURPOSE To determine early alterations in retinal gene expression in a porcine model of rhegmatogenous retinal detachment. METHODS Local detachment was created in eyes of adult pigs by subretinal application of sodium hyaluronate. The gene expression in control tissues and retinas detached for 24 hours was analyzed with a pig genome microarray. Genes with at least three-fold expression changes were detected in the detached retina and in the attached retinal tissue surrounding the local detachment in situ. Structural alterations of the retina were examined by light and electron microscopy. RESULTS Identified were 85 genes that were upregulated and 7 that were downregulated in the detached retina. Twenty-eight genes were identified as upregulated in the nondetached retina of the surgical eyes. The genes upregulated in detached retinas were related to inflammation and immune responses (n = 52), antioxidants and metal homeostasis (n = 7), intracellular proteolysis (n = 6), and blood coagulation/fibrinolysis (n = 4). The upregulation of at least 15 interferon-stimulated genes indicates elevated interferon levels after detachment. Gene expression of blue-sensitive opsin was not detectable in the detached retinal tissue, suggesting an early reduction in phototransduction, especially in blue cones. Electron microscopy revealed an accumulation of microglial cells in the inner retinal tissue and of polymorphonuclear leukocytes in the vessels of detached and peridetached retinas. CONCLUSIONS Differentially expressed genes in the retina early after experimental detachment are mainly related to inflammation and immune responses, intracellular proteolysis, and protection against oxidative stress. A local immune and inflammatory response may represent a major causative factor for reactive changes in the retina after detachment. The inflammatory response is not restricted to the detached retina but is also observed in the nondetached retina; this response may underlie functional changes in these regions described in human subjects.
Low Density Lipoprotein Receptor-Related Protein 1 Dependent Endosomal Trapping and Recycling of Apolipoprotein E

Background Lipoprotein receptors from the low density lipoprotein (LDL) receptor family are multifunctional membrane proteins which can efficiently mediate endocytosis and thereby facilitate lipoprotein clearance from the plasma. The biggest member of this family, the LDL receptor-related protein 1 (LRP1), facilitates the hepatic uptake of triglyceride-rich lipoproteins (TRL) via interaction with apolipoprotein E (apoE). In contrast to the classical LDL degradation pathway, TRL disintegrate in peripheral endosomes, and core lipids and apoB are targeted along the endocytic pathway for lysosomal degradation. Notably, TRL-derived apoE remains within recycling endosomes and is then mobilized by high density lipoproteins (HDL) for re-secretion. The aim of this study is to investigate the involvement of LRP1 in the regulation of apoE recycling. Principal Findings Immunofluorescence studies indicate the LRP1-dependent trapping of apoE in EEA1-positive endosomes in human hepatoma cells. This processing is distinct from other LRP1 ligands such as RAP which is efficiently targeted to lysosomal compartments. Upon stimulation of HDL-induced recycling, apoE is released from LRP1-positive endosomes but is targeted to another, distinct population of early endosomes that contain HDL, but not LRP1. For subsequent analysis of the recycling capacity, we expressed the full-length human LRP1 and used an RNA interference approach to manipulate the expression levels of LRP1. In support of LRP1 determining the intracellular fate of apoE, overexpression of LRP1 significantly stimulated HDL-induced apoE recycling. Vice versa LRP1 knockdown in HEK293 cells and primary hepatocytes strongly reduced the efficiency of HDL to stimulate apoE secretion. Conclusion We conclude that LRP1 enables apoE to accumulate in an early endosomal recycling compartment that serves as a pool for the intracellular formation and subsequent re-secretion of apoE-enriched HDL particles.
Analysis and characterization of the hyperchaos generated by a semiconductor laser subject to a delayed feedback loop

We characterize the chaotic dynamics of semiconductor lasers subject to either optical or electrooptical feedback modeled by Lang-Kobayashi and Ikeda equations, respectively. This characterization is relevant for secure optical communications based on chaos encryption. In particular, for each system we compute as a function of tunable parameters the Lyapunov spectrum, Kaplan-Yorke dimension and Kolmogorov-Sinai entropy.