Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Information, support and training needs of relatives of people with aphasia: Evidence from the literature

Background: Aphasia has an impact beyond the person with aphasia; relatives of people with aphasia are affected by communication difficulties and are service users in their own right, requiring information, support, and training. Research studies have consulted relatives of people with aphasia, but the evidence is complex and widely dispersed in the literature; this makes it difficult to determine what the needs of relatives of people with aphasia are, and how best to meet them. There is also evidence of a gap between perceived needs and current service provision. Aims: The aim of this review is to provide a synthesis, from the literature, of relatives’ views about their own intervention needs in relation to acquired aphasia, in terms of both content and timing. Main Contribution: A literature search identified articles which contained relatives’ views about their own need for information, support, or training. Recommendations emerging within individual studies were clustered, focusing on the type and timing of intervention. The synthesis of studies provides a framework in which service users’ recommendations for interventions for relatives of people with aphasia can be readily accessed, making an evidence-based resource for research and clinical applications. The outcome of the review also supports service delivery to relatives, by enhancing awareness and anticipation of their needs, and by validating best use of resources. In addition, the framework of data has clinical and research applications as the basis for dynamic and flexible tools to audit service provision and consider quality of care in this field. Conclusions: The review acknowledges the value of seeking service user opinion on their needs and service provision. It highlights the specific needs of relatives of people with aphasia. The need for factual information provided proactively in a flexible and supportive manner predominated, particularly in the initial period following the stroke. The need for ongoing psychosocial support over the long term was apparent. The perceived benefits of training in supported conversation skills were more varied. It is challenging to synthesise such a diverse literature, but the synthesis could support service delivery to families of people with aphasia, by allowing services to consider how they are meeting the needs that relatives have identified.
Rationality and irrationality: New directions in Weberian theory, critique, and research

“Rationalization” is the central dynamic guiding much of Weber's susbstantive work. However, Weber's exact meaning of this term remains unclear, as does the nexus between “rationality” and “irrationality,” which is often a theme underlying his efforts. Recent contributions toward clarifying both these concepts, as well as understanding the link between them, have been made in Germany and the United States. This has been accomplished through critiques, attempted refinements of Weber's notion of rationality, and efforts in theory and research to utilize the potential of Weber's conceptual approach. Although Habermas’ most recent efforts have been widely recognized, there have been numerous, significant works by other authors to clarify and develop the notion of rationality. This paper attempts to bring together the broad base of emerging literature, and to describe the possibilities for the productive extension of these developments.
Tissue Factor, Blood Coagulation, and Beyond: An Overview

Emerging evidence shows a broad spectrum of biological functions of tissue factor (TF). TF classical role in initiating the extrinsic blood coagulation and its direct thrombotic action in close relation to cardiovascular risks have long been established. TF overexpression/hypercoagulability often observed in many clinical conditions certainly expands its role in proinflammation, diabetes, obesity, cardiovascular diseases, angiogenesis, tumor metastasis, wound repairs, embryonic development, cell adhesion/migration, innate immunity, infection, pregnancy loss, and many others. This paper broadly covers seminal observations to discuss TF pathogenic roles in relation to diverse disease development or manifestation. Biochemically, extracellular TF signaling interfaced through protease-activated receptors (PARs) elicits cellular activation and inflammatory responses. TF diverse biological roles are associated with either coagulation-dependent or noncoagulation-mediated actions. Apparently, TF hypercoagulability refuels a coagulation-inflammation-thrombosis circuit in “autocrine” or “paracrine” fashions, which triggers a wide spectrum of pathophysiology. Accordingly, TF suppression, anticoagulation, PAR blockade, or general anti-inflammation offers an array of therapeutical benefits for easing diverse pathological conditions.
Differential impact of the expression of the androgen receptor by age in estrogen receptor–positive breast cancer

We evaluated the expression of the androgen receptor (AR) to determine its significance in breast cancer. AR expression levels were analyzed in 250 invasive breast cancers by immunohistochemistry and any association with the clinicopathological features was evaluated. AR expression was higher in estrogen receptor (ER)‐positive cases than in ER‐negative cases (P < 0.0001). AR expression was associated with ER level, and it increased with age in ER‐positive cases. The cut‐off value was determined to be 75% (Cancer Res. 2009;69:6131–6140), and AR expression was considered to be high in 155 (62%) cases. High AR expression significantly correlated with lower nuclear grade (P < 0.0001), ER and progesterone receptor (PR) positivity (P < 0.0001 and P = 0.0022), HER2 negativity (P = 0.0113), lower Ki67 index (P < 0.0001) and a longer disease‐free survival (DFS) and distant metastasis‐free survival (DMFS) (P = 0.0003 and 0.0107). This association between a high AR expression and a good DFS and DMFS was significant for ER‐positive tumors (P < 0.0001 and P = 0.0018); however, no association existed between AR expression and prognosis for ER‐negative tumors. In patients ≤51 years old, a high AR expression level significantly correlated with a better prognosis, but this was not significant in patients who were 50 or younger. Multivariate Cox hazard analyses revealed AR expression to be independently associated with a good prognosis in overall patients (HR 0.46, P = 0.0052) and in the ER‐positive cohort (HR 0.34, P = 0.0009). AR expression is associated with a less aggressive phenotype and a good prognosis in patients with ER‐positive breast cancer. This is considered to be a specific phenomenon for postmenopausal breast cancer patients.
The Training and Development Function: Its Search for Power and Influence in Organizations

Reviews some of the literature on power and influence as it relates to the training and development function. Highlights a number of difficulties that confront the training and development function in using power and influence successfully in organizations. Empirical evidence is presented on how Irish training specialists perceive the power of the training and development function. Concludes that a number of strategies are outlined for use by the training and development function in order to develop power and use it effectively.
Lay perceptions of ethnic prejudice: causes, solutions, and individual differences

We assessed lay perceptions of the causes of and solutions to ethnic prejudice, and determined whether individual differences related to intergroup relations (social dominance orientation, right-wing authoritarianism) and to cognitive style (personal need for structure, need for cognition) were predictive of these perceptions. Results revealed clear and coherent lay beliefs about the causes of and solutions to ethnic prejudice, and significant relations between perceived causes and solutions. Systematic relations between the intergroup-relevant individual differences and these perceptions also emerged, in ways that may serve to justify and legitimize ethnic bias. Implications for the justification and maintenance of ethnic bias and for intervention programmes are discussed. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Explicit Solution for Magnetometer Calibration

A definitive solution is provided in this paper for solving the magnetometer calibration problem by means of ellipsoid fitting. This is achieved by providing an explicit solution for the ensuing constrained least squares problem, which requires a careful exploitation of the design matrices and a detailed analysis of symbolically calculated eigenvalues and eigenvectors. The end result is a direct solution for the magnetometer calibration problem without any recursive loop whatsoever. This is the most favorable solution one can expect for the magnetometer calibration problem, since now the computation time is exclusively determined by the number of data points. Hence, this solution is numerically reliable, fast, and particularly relevant for sliding window adaptive calibration. Simulation results show that the proposed solution is more accurate and faster than the best one available so far.
Making Sense of Reference to the Unfamiliar

Computational approaches to reference resolution, like Centering Theory, are best at resolving referring expressions which denote familiar referents. We demonstrate how, by taking a proof-theoretic approach to reference resolution within a Centering-type framework, we are able to make sense of referring expressions for unfamiliar referents. These include, in addition to bridging descriptions, definite descriptions like "the first man" and "the first snowdrops of Spring". We claim that the first of these denotes a unique subset of a plural discourse antecedent. While the second has no discourse antecedent, we similarly treat it as denoting a unique subset of a familiar referent.
An 8b 600MS/s 200mW CMOS folding A/D converter using an amplifier preset technique

An 8b CMOS folding ADC with resistive averaging and interpolation exhibits 7.5 ENOB and a maximum sample frequency of 600MS/s while dissipating only 200mW. The ADC utilizes preset switches at the outputs of the pre-amplifiers. Chip area is 0.2mm/sup 2/, and supply voltage is 3.3/1.8V in 0.35/0.18/spl mu/m CMOS.
Intra-strain heterogeneity of gonococcal pili is related to opacity colony variance

We have purified pili from isogenic opacity colony variants that were derived from 14 gonococcal strains. Pili purified from opaque colonies of one strain usually differed from pili purified from transparent colonies of the same strain. In 10 of the 14 strains examined, the apparent subunit molecular weight of pilin isolated from the opaque variants was larger than that seen with pilin obtained from transparent variants. In addition there were demonstrable intra-strain differences in the isoelectric point and buoyant density of pili derived from the opacity variants. Because gonococci express differing opacity phenotypes during the menstrual cycle, it is possible that the pili of these organisms may also alter in vivo.
REGENERATIVE MEDICINE Concise Review: Adipose-Derived Stem Cells as a Novel Tool for Future Regenerative Medicine

The potential use of stem cell-based therapies for the repair and regeneration of various tissues and organs offers a paradigm shift that may provide alternative therapeutic solutions for a number of diseases. The use of either embryonic stem cells (ESCs) or induced pluripotent stem cells in clinical situations is limited due to cell regulations and to technical and ethical considerations involved in the genetic manipulation of human ESCs, even though these cells are, theoretically, highly beneficial. Mesenchymal stem cells seem to be an ideal population of stem cells for practical regenerative medicine, because they are not subjected to the same restrictions. In particular, large number of adipose-derived stem cells (ASCs) can be easily harvested from adipose tissue. Furthermore, recent basic research and preclinical studies have revealed that the use of ASCs in regenerative medicine is not limited to mesodermal tissue but extends to both ectodermal and endodermal tissues and organs, although ASCs originate from mesodermal lineages. Based on this background knowledge, the primary purpose of this concise review is to summarize and describe the underlying biology of ASCs and their proliferation and differentiation capacities, together with current preclinical and clinical data from a variety of medical fields regarding the use of ASCs in regenerative medicine. In addition, future directions for ASCs in terms of cell-based therapies and regenerative medicine are discussed. STEM CELLS 2012;30:804– 810 Disclosure of potential conflicts of interest is found at the end of this article.
Simulation and analysis of DDoS attacks

Denial of Service attacks constitutes one of the major threats and among the hardest security problems in today's Internet. Of particular concern are Distributed Denial of Service (DDoS) attacks, whose impact can be proportionally severe. With little or no advance warning, a DDoS attack can easily exhaust the computing and communication resources of its victim within a short period of time. Because of the seriousness of the problem many defense mechanisms have been proposed to combat these attacks. This paper aims to provide an understanding of the existing attack methods, tools and defense mechanisms, so that a better understanding of DDoS attacks can be achieved. The goal of the paper is to simulate an environment by extending NS2, setting attacking topology and traffic, which can be used to evaluate and compare the methods of DDoS attacks and tools. Based on the simulation and evaluation results, more efficient and effective algorithms, techniques and procedures to combat these attacks may be developed
Surgical pathologic spread patterns of endometrial cancer: A gynecologic oncology group study

The surgical pathologic features of 621 patients with Stage I carcinoma of the endometrium are presented. All patients were treated with primary surgery consisting of total abdominal hysterectomy, bilateral salpingo‐oophorectomy, selective pelvic and paraaortic lymphadenectomy and peritoneal cytology. An appreciable number of patients (144—22%) with Stage I cancers have disease outside of the uterus (lymph node metastasis, adenexal disease, intraperitoneal spread and/or malignant cells in peritoneal washings). Multiple prognostic factors particularly grade and depth of invasion are related to extrauterine disease. This study adds credence to the primary surgical approach with individualized postoperative therapy as indicated.
Perception and Production of Syncopated Rhythms

THE PROCESSING OF COMPLEX, METRICALLY ambiguous rhythmic patterns, of the sort found in much popular music, remains poorly understood. We investigated listeners9 abilities to perceive, process and produce complex, syncopated rhythmic patterns. Rhythmic complexity was varied along a continuum, quantified using an objective metric of syncopation suggested by Longuet-Higgins and Lee. Participants (a) tapped in time to the rhythms, (b) reproduced the same patterns given a steady pulse, and (c) recognized these patterns when replayed both immediately and after a 24-hour delay. Participants tended to reset the phase of their internally generated pulse with highly syncopated rhythms, reinterpreting or "re-hearing" the rhythm as less syncopated. High complexity in rhythmic stimuli can thus force a reorganization of their cognitive representation. Less complex rhythms were more robustly encoded than more complex syncopated rhythms in the delayed memory task. Syncopated rhythms provide a useful tool for future explorations of human rhythmic competence.
Clinical case studies: their place in evidence-based practice

The study, documentation and communication of case studies are central to the practice of psychotherapy. However, case studies lie low in the hierarchy of evidence generally used by researchers, health providers and purchasers. This paper examines why this should be. Ways are proposed by which they can be improved for scientific purposes and become more than exercises in persuasion.
Human Resource Information Systems: A Current Assessment

Human resource information systems (HRIS) have become a major MIS subfunction within the personnel areas of many large corporations. This article traces the development of HRIS as an entity independent of centralized MIS, assesses its current operation and technological base, and considers its future role in the firm, especially its relationship to the centralized MIS function. The results of a survey of HRIS professionals from 171 U.S. corporations are described in order to provide an overview of the current design, operations, and effectiveness of HRIS. The findings of the survey are discussed in terms of their implications for management of human resource information systems.
Relative Contributions of Intestinal, Gastric, Oro-sensory Influences and Information to Changes in Appetite Induced by the Same Liquid Meal

To investigate the contribution of oral, gastric and intestinal factors in the control of appetitc, 425 ml (400 kcal) tomato soup was administered either orally, intragastrically (covertly and overtly) or intraduodenally (overtly) to nine healthy, fasted, male volunteers. Ratings of fullness, hunger and desire to eat were recorded over a period of 2 h and gastric emptying was measured after soup fed orally and intragastrically. Infusion of the soup into the small intestine at a rate commensurate with normal gastric emptying exerted no significant suppression of ratings of hunger and desire to eat and no significant production of fullness. Covert, intragastric infusion of the same soup suppressed appetite and this suppression was increased when the subjects were informed of the nature of the infusion, but there were no differences in gastric emptying profiles between covert and overt intragastric infusions of soup. Oral administration of the soup produced the greatest suppression of appetite compared with other conditions and also generated a slower rate of gastric emptying compared with both intragastric soup infusions. Strong correlations were observed between appetite ratings and both gastric and intestinal contents following intragastric infusions of the soup meal and these were enhanced following oral administration of soup. These results indicate how information, orosensory, gastric and intestinal factors can interact to elicit optimal expression of fullness and suppression of hunger. Specifically, the data not only demonstrate how the influence of gastric distension appears to overwhelm any direct influence of intestinal chemostimulation on appetite and how information modulates this effect, but the data also support an important role in appetite suppression for psychophysiological mechanisms stimulated by orosensory mechanisms.
Development of ligand-targeted liposomes for cancer therapy

The continued evolution of targeted liposomal therapeutics has resulted in new agents with remarkable antitumour efficacy and relatively mild toxicity profiles. A careful selection of the ligand is necessary to reduce immunogenicity, retain extended circulation lifetimes, target tumour-specific cell surface epitopes, and induce internalisation and subsequent release of the therapeutic substance from the liposome. Methods for assembling targeted liposomes, including a novel micellar insertion technology, for incorporation of targeting molecules that efficiently transforms a non-targeted liposomal therapeutic to a targeted one, greatly assist the translation of targeted liposome technology into the clinic. Targeting strategies with liposomes directed at solid tumours and vascular targets are discussed. The authors believe the development of ligand-targeted liposomes is now in the advanced stage and offers unique and important advantages among other targeted therapies. Anti-HER2 immunoliposomal doxorubicin is awaiting Phase I clinical trials, the results of which should provide new insights into the promise of ligand-targeted liposomal therapies.
Diuretics, mortality, and nonrecovery of renal function in acute renal failure.

CONTEXT Acute renal failure is associated with high mortality and morbidity. Diuretic agents continue to be used in this setting despite a lack of evidence supporting their benefit. OBJECTIVE To determine whether the use of diuretics is associated with adverse or favorable outcomes in critically ill patients with acute renal failure. DESIGN Cohort study conducted from October 1989 to September 1995. PATIENTS AND SETTING A total of 552 patients with acute renal failure in intensive care units at 4 academic medical centers affiliated with the University of California. Patients were categorized by the use of diuretics on the day of nephrology consultation and, in companion analyses, by diuretic use at any time during the first week following consultation. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES All-cause hospital mortality, nonrecovery of renal function, and the combined outcome of death or nonrecovery. RESULTS Diuretics were used in 326 patients (59%) at the time of nephrology consultation. Patients treated with diuretics on or before the day of consultation were older and more likely to have a history of congestive heart failure, nephrotoxic (rather than ischemic or multifactorial) origin of acute renal failure, acute respiratory failure, and lower serum urea nitrogen concentrations. With adjustment for relevant covariates and propensity scores, diuretic use was associated with a significant increase in the risk of death or nonrecovery of renal function (odds ratio, 1.77; 95% confidence interval, 1.14-2.76). The risk was magnified (odds ratio, 3.12; 95% confidence interval, 1.73-5.62) when patients who died within the first week following consultation were excluded. The increased risk was borne largely by patients who were relatively unresponsive to diuretics. CONCLUSIONS The use of diuretics in critically ill patients with acute renal failure was associated with an increased risk of death and nonrecovery of renal function. Although observational data prohibit causal inference, it is unlikely that diuretics afford any material benefit in this clinical setting. In the absence of compelling contradictory data from a randomized, blinded clinical trial, the widespread use of diuretics in critically ill patients with acute renal failure should be discouraged.
L'imitation verbale et non verbale chez l'enfant retardé mental mongolien et non mongolien.

On a propose differentes tâches d'imitation verbale et gesturale a un groupe de 38 enfants retardes mentaux, mongoliens et d'autres etiologies. Les donnees sont presentees et discutees en elles-memes et par rapport a un travail precedent de Berry (1976). Les etudes confirment la validite des tâches d'imitation verbale provoquee pour evaluer le developpement et le fonctionnement linguistique chez les sujets retardes mentaux. Les donnees font etat egalement d'une inferiorite marquee des sujets mongoliens a imiter verbalement et gesturalement par rapport aux autres sujets retardes apparies pour l'âge chronologique et le quotient intellectuel. On releve une grande frequence de reponses echolaliques dans les tâches imitatives verbales chez les sujets mongoliens. L'echolalie augmente en frequence avec la complexite linguistique des modeles proposes a imiter. Cette donnee amene les auteurs a suggerer que l'echolalie chez les sujets mongoliens temoigne d'une incomprehension marquee du message verbal en l'absence des indices contextuels habituels.