Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Flower visits of cockroaches (Insecta: Blattodea) in the Iberian Peninsula: Are they neglected pollinators?

Although several insect orders have been deeply studied in plant–animal interactions (e.g. pollination) cockroaches have traditionally been ignored in taxonomic and ecological studies. However, they could be playing a role in the reproduction of several plants. To date, 8 plant species use cockroaches as a pollination agent. In our study, we have reviewed 2865 records from citizen science platforms and our own data from the Iberian Peninsula to find flower visits made by cockroaches. We have detected 51 interaction records involving at least 8 different cockroach species and 35 plant species. Furthermore, nearly half of the detected cockroaches carried pollen on various parts of their bodies. These insects were found to mainly visit white, yellow and pink flowers from Apiaceae, Asteraceae and Cistaceae plant families (among others) mainly in late spring and early summer. However, for the confirmation of effective pollination, new studies must be carried out. Additionally, although the existence of pollination syndrome is far from being understood, we provide new insights that could help shed some light on this unknown relationship. Here we provide the first approximation of cockroach floral perception and we have detected that white flowers show the best fit and higher conspicousness to cockroach colour vision, as suggested for other neglected pollinator insects.
Assessing The Key Physical Capabilities in Striking Combat Sports: Reliability And Reproducibility of A New Test

The rules and the technical aspect of combat sports make it difficult to determine key performance indicators. Therefore, the assessment of striking sports discipline-specific key components may be relevant. This study aims to present a test assessing specifically the fighters striking force-velocity (F-V) capabilities. 10 MMA fighters performed FV (two-point (TP) and multiple-point (MP) methods) and fatigue tests using the landmine punch exercise (LPE) which is considered a specific exercise for striking combat sports. A high within-subject intra-session and inter-session reliability and reproducibility were found for the FV profiles parameters and the fatigue test (most CVs<10%, ICCs>0.67, ES < 0.2 for F0, V0, Pmax, Sfv, Ppeak, Pmean, Pmin and FI% and r > 0.9). Moreover, the TP and MP methods showed high validity and agreement (r >0.88 and ES <0.37). The novel LPE test presented in this pilot study is a highly reproducible tool for evaluating both mechanical and anaerobic components specific to the discipline. Athletes and coaches may use this test to better understand striking performance in combat sports.
A Design and its Validation of a Proton Recoil Telescope with a Silicon Detector for Measurements of Fast Neutrons

A silicon detector combined with a thin polyethylene converter and a collimator is designed as a simple proton recoil telescope (PRT) detector for detecting 2.45 MeV neutrons from a D-D neutron generator. Monte Carlo simulations are performed for a quantitative optimization of the geometrical parameters of the detector that determine the statistics and the spectrum of recoil protons. On the basis of the optimized geometry, a 15 μm polyethylene converter and a 2.5 mm thick stainless steel collimator are chosen for the design of a PRT. A test experiment is done by using 2.45 MeV neutrons from a D-D generator at the Korea Research Institute of Standards and Science. Energy calibration of the silicon detector is done by using proton beams from the MC-50 cyclotron at the Korea Institute of Radiological & Medical Sciences. A peak corresponding to 2.45 MeV neutrons is observed. Neutron detection efficiency of our PRT detector for 2.45 MeV neutrons is found to be about 3 × 10 −6.
Fundamental Issues Related to Flow Boiling and Two-Phase Flow Patterns in Microchannels – Experimental Challenges and Opportunities

ABSTRACT Flow boiling heat transfer in microchannels is used today in many diverse applications. The previous studies addressing the effect of channel size, heat flux, vapor quality, and mass flux on heat transfer during flow boiling are reviewed in the present paper. The relationship between flow characteristics and flow boiling heat transfer was studied experimentally for refrigerant R-C318 at moderate reduced pressures where the contribution of nucleate boiling is decisive. Flow boiling mechanisms were identified using an annular microchannel with transparent outer wall for successive visualization of boiling. The considerable suppression of nucleate boiling heat transfer was observed at transition to annular flow and explained by formation of a liquid flow with thin film and dry spots. A general equation for prediction of two-phase flow boiling heat transfer inside the circular, annular, and rectangular microchannels is proposed and verified using the experimental data. This equation accounts for the nucleate boiling suppression, forced convection, and thin film evaporative heat transfer in the form that allows to distinguish more clearly the contribution of each mechanism of heat transfer under the conditions, when it is predominant. A new approach for prediction of transition to the annular flow is proposed and verified, using the experimental data.
Digital transformation of business community in globalization: an empirical study in a typical developing country

The research object focuses on the digital transformation (DX) process of the enterprises and corresponding management policies from the State. In the context of a transition economy, deeply integrated into the world economy, and facing competition pressure many times higher than the one in the domestic market, businesses have themselves prepared such things like the understanding of how DX is, how DX-ready they are, how much to invest and where they are on the path. The context of Vietnam is used as a good example of a developing country with progressing digitalization and fierce competition from abroad. Hence, the authors have carried out a positivist analysis, using quantitative and qualitative indicators to clarify the DX of the companie. Quantitative indicators refer to a 5-point scale or percentage point in the assessment, allowing the statements, by the survey participants or the researchers themselves, to have a uniform basis. Qualitative indicators are drawn from structured observations, in-depth interviews, and literature review, mainly focusing on two extremes, good and bad. As the main results of the study, almost 90 % of Vietnamese businesses raise awareness of DX to apply into their operations or to seek for DX solutions. Only 40 % of businesses have the budget to receive DX consulting and solutions, and up to 20 % of businesses have absolutely no budget for DX. The DX readiness is highest in industries whose activities are closely related to a direct supply of goods and services. The DX promotion may root from the increasing number of customers using the Internet alongside their savvy digital skills, or from digital logistics enabling the strong growth of e-commerce, and from favorable policies from the State. Still, concerns about personal data, costs of technology investment, or business habits changing are typical challenges
Performance of boosted object and jet substructure techniques

Hadronic decays of heavy particles with momenta much larger than their mass result in their decay products being reconstructable as a single large-radius jet. The study of the substructure of these jets allows the separation of these boosted decays with respect to more common jets from light-quarks and gluons. Several techniques have been developed by the phenomenology and experimental community to identify jets coming from hadronic decays of boosted top quarks, W, Z and Higgs bosons. The performance of several such techniques has been studied in ATLAS using fully-simulated Monte Carlo events, and validated on data using pure samples of top quarks, W bosons from top decays and dijet events. Results of these studies will be presented for Run 1 as well as Run 2 of the LHC.
A Relative Radiometric Normalization Method for Enhancing Radiometric Consistency of Landsat Time-Series Imageries

Radiometric consistency of multitemporal satellite observations is affected by sensor stability and scene related issues. Relative radiometric normalization (RRN) is a widely used method to reduce these radiometric differences, its performance depends on the accurate identification of representative pseudoinvariant features (PIFs). However, existing RRN methods are mainly developed for bitemporal images and are limited to time-series imageries due to the complexity of identifying effective PIFs. In this study, we proposed a novel RRN method to enhance the radiometric consistency of Landsat time-series imageries. This method includes the following: first, a trend-based PIFs identification considering land cover changes and phenological trends from the entire time series; second, a PIFs optimization involving an automatic reference selection and a PIFs refining for each reference–target image pair; and third, a combined RRN modeling using the M-estimator sample consensus algorithm and robust linear regression. The Landsat surface reflectance products were used to validate the proposed method. The experimental results showed that the trend-based PIFs identification provided the consistent PIFs for all reference–target image pairs; aided by an automatic reference allocation, PIFs optimization filtered the proper PIFs with high spectral and spatial similarity for each image pair in monthly image stack; the proposed RRN method achieved good performance in model precision and radiance consistency improvement; the proposed RRN method outperformed seven commonly used RRN methods on majority images in image stack of December. The normalized images can help generate more comparable time-series analysis results by reducing the uncertainties from radiometric calibration, atmospheric correction, and sensor differences.
A Study on Optimal Indium Tin Oxide Thickness as Transparent Conductive Electrodes for Near-Ultraviolet Light-Emitting Diodes

This research study thoroughly examines the optimal thickness of indium tin oxide (ITO), a transparent electrode, for near-ultraviolet (NUV) light-emitting diodes (LEDs) based on InGaN/AlGaInN materials. A range of ITO thicknesses from 30 to 170 nm is investigated, and annealing processes are performed to determine the most favorable figure of merit (FOM) by balancing transmittance and sheet resistance in the NUV region. Among the films of different thicknesses, an ITO film measuring 110 nm, annealed at 550 °C for 1 min, demonstrates the highest FOM. This film exhibits notable characteristics, including 89.0% transmittance at 385 nm, a sheet resistance of 131 Ω/□, and a contact resistance of 3.1 × 10−3 Ω·cm2. Comparing the performance of NUV LEDs using ITO films of various thicknesses (30, 50, 70, 90, 130, 150, and 170 nm), it is observed that the NUV LED employing ITO with a thickness of 110 nm achieves a maximum 48% increase in light output power at 50 mA while maintaining the same forward voltage at 20 mA.
Evaluation of Cloud Microphysical Schemes for a Warm Frontal Snowband during the GPM Cold Season Precipitation Experiment (GCPEx)

AbstractDetailed observations from the Global Precipitation Measurement (GPM) mission Cold Season Precipitation Experiment (GCPEx) of an intense warm frontal band on 18 February 2012 were used to evaluate several bulk microphysical parameterizations within the NASA-Unified Weather Research and Forecasting (NU-WRF) Model. These included the Predicted Particle Properties (P3), Morrison (MORR), Stony Brook University (SBU), and Goddard four-class ice (4ICE) microphysics schemes. All schemes were able to predict the snowband, but the simulated intensities varied because of various assumptions in these schemes. The saturation adjustment scheme within MORR promoted excessive amounts of cloud water evaporational cooling in the warm sector, which contributed to a decrease in midlevel instability approaching the frontal band and thus a weaker band. In contrast, the explicit calculation of cloud water condensation/evaporation in the P3 scheme produced limited amounts of evaporational cooling, which allowed for grea.
Physics of laser plasma interaction and particle transport in the context of inertial confinement fusion

Lasers are unique tools for transporting extremely high powers over large distances, but transfer of such a power from photons to matter in small volumes is a very complicated problem. First of all, the interaction proceeds very far from equilibrium, as with photons having energy of a few electron-volts one would like to heat plasma to temperatures thousand times higher. Second, these processes are strongly nonlinear, as they correspond to transfer energies of a large number of photons to a much smaller number of charged particles in extremely small volumes and in very short time scales. Research in inertial confinement fusion (ICF) gave a strong push for studying all these processes in detail, and now, although many issues remain to be resolved, we have quite a good understanding of how they operate in ICF conditions and what limitations and advantages they offer. In this short review, I share my personal recollections of almost 50 years history of the physics of laser plasma interaction. Understanding of highly nonlinear microscopic processes allowed us to improve the hydrodynamic performance of ICF targets and to foresee future developments. The key point is that multiscale modeling allowed for the retainment of major elements of microscopic physics in macroscopic hydrodynamic codes and make them more accurate and predictive.
Interference with DGAT Gene Inhibited TAG Accumulation and Lipid Droplet Synthesis in Bovine Preadipocytes

Simple Summary Triacylglycerol (TAG) is the primary component of intramuscular fat, an important factor in determining meat quality. The synthesis of TAG is regulated by diacylglycerol o-acyltransferase (DGAT). This study investigated the regulatory mechanisms of two subtypes of DGAT, namely DGAT1 and DGAT2, in the differentiation of Yanbian bovine preadipocytes and their roles in lipid metabolism-related signaling pathways. sh-DGAT1 and sh-DGAT2 were prepared using short interfering RNA (siRNA) interference technique targeting DGAT1 and DGAT2 genes and infected with bovine preadipocytes separately or simultaneously. Differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in bovine preadipocytes were analyzed using RNA sequencing and genome databases. During bovine preadipocytes differentiation, interference with DGAT1 and DGAT2 inhibited the formation of lipid droplets, content, and expression of lipid-forming genes at the mRNA level. DGAT2 showed a stronger inhibitory effect. Transcriptome analysis revealed 2070 and 2242 DEGs between pre-adipocytes and normal cells that inhibited DGAT1 and DGAT2 expression, respectively, and 2446 DEGs when both were simultaneously inhibited. Our results indicate that compared with DGAT1, DGAT2 plays a more important role in regulating bovine fat metabolism, which provides a theoretical basis for producing high-quality marbled beef. Abstract Triacylglycerol (TGA) is the primary component of intramuscular fat. Expression of diacylglyceryl transferase (DGAT) determines the polyester differentiation ability of precursor adipocytes. The two DGAT isoforms (DGAT1 and DGAT2) play different roles in TAG metabolism. This study investigates the roles of DGAT1 and DGAT2 in signaling pathways related to differentiation and lipid metabolism in Yanbian bovine preadipocytes. sh-DGAT1 (sh-1), sh-DGAT2 (sh-2), and sh-DGAT1 + sh-DGAT2 (sh-1 + 2) were prepared using short interfering RNA (siRNA) interference technique targeting DGAT1 and DGAT2 genes and infected bovine preadipocytes. Molecular and transcriptomic techniques, including differentially expressed genes (DEGs) and Kyoto Encyclopaedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway analysis, were used to investigate the effects on the differentiation of Yanbian bovine preadipocytes. After interference with DGAT1 and DGAT2 genes, the contents of TAG and adiponectin were decreased. The TAG content in the sh-2 and sh-1 + 2 groups was significantly lower than that in the sh-NC group. RNA sequencing (RNA-seq) results showed 2070, 2242, and 2446 DEGs in the sh-1, sh-2, and sh-1 + 2 groups, respectively. The DEGs of the sh-2 group were mainly concentrated in the PPAR, AMPK, and Wnt signaling pathways associated with adipocyte proliferation and differentiation. These results demonstrated that at the mRNA level, DGAT2 plays a more important role in lipid metabolism than DGAT1.
Cyclophilin A Isomerisation of Septin 2 Mediates Abscission during Cytokinesis

The isomerase activity of Cyclophilin A is important for midbody abscission during cell division, however, to date, midbody substrates remain unknown. In this study, we report that the GTP-binding protein Septin 2 interacts with Cyclophilin A. We highlight a dynamic series of Septin 2 phenotypes at the midbody, previously undescribed in human cells. Furthermore, Cyclophilin A depletion or loss of isomerase activity is sufficient to induce phenotypic Septin 2 defects at the midbody. Structural and molecular analysis reveals that Septin 2 proline 259 is important for interaction with Cyclophilin A. Moreover, an isomerisation-deficient EGFP-Septin 2 proline 259 mutant displays defective midbody localisation and undergoes impaired abscission, which is consistent with data from cells with loss of Cyclophilin A expression or activity. Collectively, these data reveal Septin 2 as a novel interacting partner and isomerase substrate of Cyclophilin A at the midbody that is required for abscission during cytokinesis in cancer cells.
MINDFULNESS AND MIND-WANDERING IN PRAYER: A MIXED METHODS STUDY OF THE ROLE OF SPIRITUALITY AND RELIGIOSITY IN ISLAMIC PREACHERS

Shalat merupakan pengalaman subjektif yang membutuhkan kekhusyukan, dimana individu muslim mengupayakan kondisi mindfulness serta meminimalisir kondisi mind wandering selama shalat sehingga memperoleh optimalisasi ibadah shalat. Kondisi mind wandering merupakan kondisi yang tidak terhindarkan, tidak terkecuali pada kelompok individu dengan tingkat spiritualitas dan religiusitas yang tinggi, seperti pendakwah agama Islam atau ustadz dan ustadzah. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk melihat peran mediator spiritualitas dan religiusitas para ustadz atau ustadzah dalam hubungan mindfulness dan mind-wandering dalam shalat, dengan menggunakan skala Mindfulness in Salah Prayer, Mind Wandering Scale, Spiritual Health and Life-Orientation Measure (SHALOM) dan Skala Religiusitas. Pengujian dilakukan melalui analisis mixed method explanatory sequential, secara kuantitatif dengan parallel mediation analysis (Hayes PROCESS) dan secara kualitatif dengan Thematic analysis. Partisipan penelitian ini berjumlah 66 (34,8% perempuan, 65,2% laki-laki). Hasil menunjukkan bahwa studi ini belum cukup mendukung studi-studi sebelumnya yang menemukan adanya hubungan antara mindfulness dan mind-wandering, khususnya dalam aktivitas shalat. Terdapat kemungkinan bahwa mindfulness kurang optimal jika diukur melalui frekuensi kuantitatif dan retrospektif. Namun studi ini juga melihat kondisi mindful atau kekhusyukan dalam shalat secara kualitatif, dan ditemukan 3 tema besar, yakni 1) kondisi khusyuk, yang terdiri dari keterlibatan a) representasi mental, b) dialog mental, c) pengharapan, d) pengendalian kesadaran, e) penghayatan pengalaman hidup, dan f) perasaan nyaman dan penuh kenikmatan, 2) distraksi mind-wandering, yang terdiri dari adanya a) ambisi duniawi dan b) distraksi perseptual, serta 3) pengkondisian suasana spiritual, terdiri dari a) persiapan rukun shalat, b) persiapan diri, dan c) memohon perlindungan. Meskipun penelitian ini belum menunjukkan hasil kuantitatif dengan baik, namun hasil studi kualitatif diekspektasikan dapat menggambarkan kondisi mindfulness dan mind wandering dalam shalat, khususnya pada praktik shalat para ustadz atau pendakwah agama Islam.
Antenna-plasma coupling calculations for the ITER low-field side reflectometer

The antenna–plasma coupling for the ITER low-field side reflectometer system (LFSR) was studied using the hybrid 3D reflectometer simulation code FWR3D, in which full-wave, paraxial, and free-space solvers are used for speed and accuracy. Reflections from equilibrium profiles were simulated to study and optimize the power that is coupled the receiving antenna. At the optimal coupling, the effects of density fluctuations were also calculated, showing that the density fluctuations decrease the average coupling by as much as 6 dB. This study indicates that after some minor changes to the location of the proposed antennas, the antenna–plasma coupling of the ITER LFSR provides a sufficient basis from which to design and build a reflectometer system that meets the specifications requested by ITER.
GST Loaded SiO2 Box Resonator Fabricated on Si for Amplitude Tunable Near-IR Absorber

An amplitude tunable frequency selective near infrared (854 nm) resonant-absorber on silicon (Si) has been demonstrated here. Tunability in absorbance was obtained by means of a box-resonator which comprises of 10 nm sputter deposited germanium-antimony-telluride (GST) film over a 418 nm wet-oxidized silicon dioxide (SiO2) layer grown on Si. Outer reflective surfaces of the resonator were deposited by thermal evaporation of aluminum, over which bias pads and cavity for light entrance and collection were patterned. Fabricated resonant-absorber demonstrated 159 ± 11 % change in absorbance due to thermally induced phase change in GST, which determines strength of cavity mode in thicker SiO2 layer
Weighted Consecutive Ones Problems

A 0/1-matrix has the consecutive ones property (for rows) if its columns can be permuted in such a way that in every row all ones appear consecutively. The consecutive ones property for columns is defined analogously. Furthermore a 0/1-matrix has the simultaneous consecutive ones property if it has both the consecutive ones property for rows and for columns. Whereas deciding whether a given matrix has the (simultaneous) consecutive ones property can be done in linear time by the PQ-tree algorithm, it is NP-hard to optimize a linear objective function over all 0/1-matrices with (simultaneous) consecutive ones property. The latter problem is called Weighted (Simultaneous) Consecutive Ones Problem WC1P (WSC1P). In this thesis we study both the WC1P and the WSC1P from a polyhedral point of view and derive integer programming formulations consisting only of facets of the corresponding polytopes. Additionally polynomial separation procedures are given for all these classes of inequalities. Therefore this IP formulation serves as a good basis for a branch-and-cut algorithm which is used to solve the WC1P and the WSC1P to optimality. New ideas for separating and for primal heuristics are given which improve the algorithm substantially. The thesis continues with an overview of several applications of the WC1P and the WSC1P, for example the Physical Mapping Problem occurring in computational biology or the problem of finding clusters of inorganic crystal structure types. Finally computational results are presented which show that the branch-and-cut code provides a useful tool for tackling WC1P and WSC1P problems occurring in practice.