Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Compiler support for garbage collection in a statically typed language

We consider the problem of supporting compacting garbage collection in the presence of modern compiler optimizations. Since our collector may move any heap object, it must accurately locate, follow, and update all pointers and values derived from pointers. To assist the collector, we extend the compiler to emit tables describing live pointers, and values derived from pointers, at each program location where collection may occur. Significant results include identification of a number of problems posed by optimizations, solutions to those problems, a working compiler, and experimental data concerning table sizes, table compression, and time overhead of decoding tables during collection. While gc support can affect the code produced, our sample programs show no significant changes, the table sizes are a modest fraction of the size of the optimized code, and stack tracing is a small fraction of total gc time. Since the compiler enhancements are also modest, we conclude that the approach is practical.
Development and Evaluation of a Simulation-based Curriculum for Ultrasound-guided Central Venous Catheterization.

OBJECTIVE To develop a simulation-based curriculum for residents to learn ultrasound-guided (USG) central venous catheter (CVC) insertion, and to study the volume and type of practice that leads to technical proficiency. METHODS Ten post-graduate year two residents from the Departments of Emergency Medicine and Anesthesiology completed four training sessions of two hours each, at two week intervals, where they engaged in a structured program of deliberate practice of the fundamental skills of USG CVC insertion on a simulator. Progress during training was monitored using regular hand motion analysis (HMA) and performance benchmarks were determined by HMA of local experts. Blinded assessment of video recordings was done at the end of training to assess technical competence using a global rating scale. RESULTS None of the residents met any of the expert benchmarks at baseline. Over the course of training, the HMA metrics of the residents revealed steady and significant improvement in technical proficiency. By the end of the fourth session six of 10 residents had faster procedure times than the mean expert benchmark, and nine of 10 residents had more efficient left and right hand motions than the mean expert benchmarks. Nine residents achieved mean GRS scores rating them competent to perform independently. CONCLUSION We successfully developed a simulation-based curriculum for residents learning the skills of USG CVC insertion. Our results suggest that engaging residents in three to four distributed sessions of deliberate practice of the fundamental skills of USG CVC insertion leads to steady and marked improvement in technical proficiency with individuals approaching or exceeding expert level benchmarks.
The "Dark Forces," the Totalitarian Model, and Soviet History

A political scientist hesitates to intervene in a debate among historians, especially when a central question is what should or should not be studied. Each scholarly discipline has its own logic. Events and periods of time inexorably slip from the prime domain of the political scientist to the historian, and historians have their own questions. Social history has been a dominant concern of all historians the last few decades, and it is for the historians to decide what questions are important to fight out with other historians. There are two points on which a political scientist may legitimately have something to say. First, if historians begin to use models from political science, we may have a special insight into some of the complexities and pitfalls of these models. Second, society calls upon political scientists-and especially those studying the contemporary Soviet Union-to serve as its court astrologers. We astrologers have the right to tell historians what we think is important for our predictions and where historical work has an impact upon them. They can then decide if they want to contribute to the exercise or not.
A hybrid vector quantizer for enhanced image pyramid coding with application to volumetric image compression in confocal microscopy

Three-dimensional image compression methods outperform their two-dimensional counterparts in the sense of higher rate-distortion performance for compressing volumetric image data. The state-of-the-art transform-based 3D compressors, such as 3D-SPIHT and 3D-DCT, are characterized for their rate control ability, where the qualities of the image, although are adjustable with respect to rates, are not explicitly controllable. A novel method, based on vector quantization in an enhanced image pyramid with error feedback, has been proposed, where the quality of the decompressed image only depends on the encoding of coefficients from the finest band and therefore a distortion-constraint transform coding is achieved. Compared to the previous image pyramid transform coders, its coding efficiency has been improved by using a cross-band classified vector quantizer (CBCVQ), where the encoding of current band will benefit from the encoding result from previous bands. Two explicit bit-allocation schemes, one is regarding the bit allocation across bands and the other is across the sub vector quantizers within each band, have been applied to minimize the total rate under the constraint of specified distortion. Evaluations have been performed on several data sets obtained by confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM) scans for vascular remodeling study. The results show that the proposed method has competitive compression performance for volumetric microscopic images, compared to other state-of-the-art methods. Moreover the distortion-constraint feature offers more flexible control than its rate-constraint counterpart in bio-medical image applications. Additionally, it effectively reduces the artefacts presented in other approaches at low bit rates and therefore achieved more subjective acceptance.
The Method and the Value of the Case-Study

The traditional measure of the minister's ability and effeetiveness has long been his power to attract and hold large audiences. The title "preacher" is the familiar designation which indicates to most people in au American community the principal function of the religious leader. On Sunday mornings and Sunday evenings those who are religiously inclined attend the church of their choice primarily to hear a sermon. No doubt the majority of such attendants on Protestant worship services think of the leader primarily, if not exclusively, as a preacher. It often happens that the minister looks thus upon himself, and measures his success largely in terms of the size and appreciativeness of his congregation. The effective preaching of the Gospel and its implications to a great number of people is a matter of supreme importance. T'he multitudes need the Gospel message, and he who is able to get it to them attractively and powerfully, thereby securing' fruitful group responses, is rendering a service of inestimable importance. There is therefore no thought in this discussion or setting preaching over against personal ministry, but rather to present a somewhat new approach to the age-long pastoral function of dealing with individuals.
A simplified approach for load flow analysis of radial distribution network with embedded generation

This paper presents a simple approach for load flow analysis of a radial distribution network with embedded generation. The proposed approach utilizes forward and backward sweep algorithm based on Kirchoffpsilas current law (KCL) and Kirchoffpsilas voltage law (KVL) for evaluating the node voltages iteratively. In this approach, computation of branch current depends only on the current injected at the neighbouring node and the current in the adjacent branch. This approach starts from the end nodes of sub lateral line, lateral line and main line and moves towards the root node during branch current computation. The node voltage evaluation begins from the root node and moves towards the nodes located at the far end of the main, lateral and sub lateral lines. The proposed approach has been tested using three radial distribution systems of different size and configuration and is found to be computationally efficient. The effectiveness of the proposed approach is further demonstrated by integrating the embedded generation into the load flow analysis of the radial distribution network.
Catheter-based renal denervation for treatment of patients with treatment-resistant hypertension: 36 month results from the SYMPLICITY HTN-2 randomized clinical trial.

AIM The aim of this study was to determine long-term results of renal artery denervation for treatment of treatment-resistant hypertension in the SYMPLICITY HTN-2 study. METHODS SYMPLICITY HTN-2 randomized 106 subjects with treatment-resistant hypertension to renal denervation or medical therapy alone. At 6 months, 37 control subjects crossed over to renal denervation. Office blood pressure measurements, antihypertensive medication use, and safety events were followed every 6 months through 3 years. RESULTS Follow-up was available at 36 months in 40 of 52 subjects in the initial renal denervation group and at 30 months in 30 of 37 subjects who crossed over and received renal denervation at 6 months. Baseline blood pressure was 184 ± 19/99 ± 16 mmHg in all treated subjects. At 30-month post-procedure, systolic blood pressure decreased 34 mmHg (95% CI: -40, -27, P < 0.01) and diastolic blood pressure decreased 13 mmHg (95% CI: -16, -10, P < 0.01). The systolic and diastolic blood pressure reduction at 36 months for the initial renal denervation group was -33 mmHg (95% CI: -40, -25, P < 0.01) and -14 mmHg (95% CI: -17, -10, P < 0.01), respectively. Procedural complications included one haematoma, and one renal artery dissection before energy delivery that was treated successfully. Later complications included two cases of acute renal failure, which fully resolved, 15 hypertensive events requiring hospitalization, and three deaths. CONCLUSION Renal denervation resulted in sustained lowering of blood pressure at 3 years in a selected population of subjects with severe, treatment-resistant hypertension without serious safety concerns. CLINICAL TRIAL REGISTRATION NCT00888433.
CYP2C9-CYP3A4 Protein-Protein Interactions: Role of the Hydrophobic N Terminus

Cytochromes P450 (P450s) interact with redox transfer proteins, including P450 reductase (CPR) and cytochrome b5 (b5), all being membrane-bound. In multiple in vitro systems, P450-P450 interactions also have been observed, resulting in alterations in enzymatic activity. The current work investigated the effects and mechanisms of interaction between CYP2C9 and CYP3A4 in a reconstituted system. CYP2C9-mediated metabolism of S-naproxen and S-flurbiprofen was inhibited up to 80% by coincubation with CYP3A4, although Km values were unchanged. Increasing CYP3A4 concentrations increased the degree of inhibition, whereas increasing CPR concentrations resulted in less inhibition. Addition of b5 only marginally affected the magnitude of inhibition. In contrast, CYP2C9 did not alter the CYP3A4-mediated metabolism of testosterone. The potential role of the hydrophobic N terminus on these interactions was assessed by incubating truncated CYP2C9 with full-length CYP3A4, and vice versa. In both cases, the inhibition was fully abolished, indicating an important role for hydrophobic forces in CYP2C9-CYP3A4 interactions. Finally, a CYP2C9/CYP3A4 heteromer complex was isolated by coimmunoprecipitation techniques, confirming the physical interaction of the proteins. These results show that the N-terminal membrane binding domains of CYP2C9 and CYP3A4 are involved in heteromer complex formation and that at least one consequence is a reduction in CYP2C9 activity.
Signaling Through Actin to Regulate Spine Formation and Function

Recent progress has greatly expanded our view of how signaling pathways regulate the actin cytoskeleton in post-synaptic spines. These studies reveal a complex interplay between pathways that highlight the role of the actin cy- toskeleton during the development of spines as well as in response to stimuli that modify synaptic strength. This review discusses the results from these studies that include biochemical, cellular, and genetic approaches to understanding excita- tory synapse formation and function.
Design of a hydraulic driven Camellia cultivation machine with replaceable working arms

Camellia oleifera is of significant value both economically and environmentally. There is a bright market prospect in it. China is the original and main planting area of Camellia oleifera. Due to the cultivating environment of Camellia oleifera, the level of mechanization of camellia cultivation is low thus the production cost is high. Consequently, we develop a Camellia cultivation machine which employs hydrostatic drive technology and changeable working arms. It is small in volume, efficient in dynamics and suitable for operations in hilly areas.
Situation analysis of schistosomiasis and soil-transmitted helminthes in River Nile State, Sudan.

BACKGROUND Infection with schistosomiasis and soil-transmitted helminthes (SSTH) constitutes a major health problem worldwide, yet the burden of disease is in the tropical countries. The disease is endemic in River Nile State, Sudan but the exact prevalence rate is unknown. METHODS A survey of 2490 pupils in 103 basic schools in River Nile State, Sudan was conducted to determine the prevalence and distribution of SSTH infections. Stool and urine samples were collected and examined for ova of Schistosoma haematobium, S. mansoni and intestinal worms.Questionnaires were used to obtain demographic data, to quantify exposure to surface waters and to assess the perception of pupils and stakeholders about risk behviours and control strategies. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION The prevalence of S. haematobium in the River Nile State was 1.7% with variation between localities (range= 0.58-3.5%). No S. mansoni infection was detected and the prevalence rate for intestinal helminthes was 0.1%.
The Caregiver Stress Process and Health Outcomes

Objective: The authors examine the impact of two caregiving stressors, care receivers' behavior problems (an objective stressor) and caregivers' feelings of overload (a subjective stressor), on three dimensions of caregiver health. Method: The participants were 234 primary caregivers of elderly relatives with dementia living in the community who completed a comprehensive interview about their current care situation, including stressors and health. Results: Higher levels of both objective and subjective stressors were associated with all three dimensions of caregiver health: poorer self-reported health, more negative health behaviors, and greater use of health care services. The association between objective stressors and health was mediated by caregivers' feelings of overload. Conclusions: These findings demonstrate caregivers' vulnerability to the effects of stressors across three dimensions of health and also underscore the importance of subjective appraisals of stress.
Mass Media Competition, Political Competition, and Public Policy

If better informed voters receive favourable policies, then mass media will affect policy because mass media provide most of the information people use in voting. This paper models the incentives of the media to deliver news to different groups. The increasing-returns-to-scale technology and advertising financing of media firms induce them to provide more news to large groups, such as taxpayers and dispersed consumer interests, and groups that are valuable to advertisers. This news bias alters the trade-off in political competition and therefore introduces a bias in public policy. The paper also discusses the effects of broadcast media replacing newspapers as the main information source about politics. The model predicts that this change should raise spending on government programmes used by poor and rural voters. Copyright 2004, Wiley-Blackwell.
Cerebellar anodal tDCS increases implicit remapping

19 20 The cerebellum is known to be critically involved in sensorimotor adaptation. Changes in cerebellar 21 function alter behaviour when compensating for sensorimotor perturbations, as shown by non-invasive 22 stimulation of the cerebellum and studies involving patients with cerebellar degeneration. It is known, 23 however, that behavioural responses to sensorimotor perturbations reflect both explicit processes (such as 24 volitional aiming to one side of a target to counteract a rotation of visual feedback) and implicit, error25 driven updating of sensorimotor maps. The contribution of the cerebellum to these explicit and implicit 26 processes remains unclear. Here, we examined the role of the cerebellum in sensorimotor adaptation to a 27 30° rotation of visual feedback of hand position during target-reaching, when the capacity to use explicit 28 processes was manipulated by controlling movement preparation times. Explicit re-aiming was 29 suppressed in one condition by requiring subjects to initiate their movements within 300ms of target 30 presentation, and permitted in another condition by requiring subjects to wait approximately 1050ms after 31 target presentation before movement initiation. Similar to previous work, applying anodal transcranial 32 direct current stimulation (tDCS; 1.5mA) to the right cerebellum during adaptation resulted in faster 33 compensation for errors imposed by the rotation. After exposure to the rotation, we evaluated implicit 34 remapping in no-feedback trials after providing participants with explicit knowledge that the rotation had 35 been removed. Crucially, movements were more adapted in these no-feedback trials following cerebellar 36 anodal tDCS than after sham stimulation in both long and short preparation groups. This suggests that 37 cerebellar anodal tDCS increased implicit remapping during sensorimotor adaptation irrespective of 38 preparation time constraints. This work shows that the cerebellum is critical in the formation of new 39 visuomotor maps that correct perturbations in sensory feedback, both when explicit processes are 40 suppressed and when allowed during sensorimotor adaptation. 41 42 . CC-BY-NC-ND 4.0 International license peer-reviewed) is the author/funder. It is made available under a The copyright holder for this preprint (which was not . http://dx.doi. org/10.1101/091397 doi: bioRxiv preprint first posted online Dec. 4, 2016;
Epistemological positivism and entrepreneurship in Colombia

The objective of this article is to explore the possible relationships that may exist between Positivism and Entrepreneurship in Colombia. In order to do so different articles, reports, books and videos about Epistemological Positivism and Entrepreneurship in Colombia are analyzed. The article presents two final assumptions which are drawn taking into account the principles of Positivism and the previous stadiums (theological and metaphysical). It questions the way a new venture in Colombia, and future organizational decisions are made and inquiries who they blame or credit when results are confronted in their companies.
Pharmacological and Clinical Aspects of Heme Oxygenase

This review is intended to stimulate interest in the effect of increased expression of heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) protein and increased levels of HO activity on normal and pathological states. The HO system includes the heme catabolic pathway, comprising HO and biliverdin reductase, and the products of heme degradation, carbon monoxide (CO), iron, and biliverdin/bilirubin. The role of the HO system in diabetes, inflammation, heart disease, hypertension, neurological disorders, transplantation, endotoxemia and other pathologies is a burgeoning area of research. This review focuses on the clinical potential of increased levels of HO-1 protein and HO activity to ameliorate tissue injury. The use of pharmacological and genetic probes to manipulate HO, leading to new insights into the complex relationship of the HO system with biological and pathological phenomena under investigation, is reviewed. This information is critical in both drug development and the implementation of clinical approaches to moderate and to alleviate the numerous chronic disorders in humans affected by perturbations in the HO system.
I . Causes of a Changing Issuer Objective Function

In the 1980s, the average first-day return on initial public offerings (IPOs) was 7%. The average first-day return doubled to almost 15% during 1990-1998, before jumping to 65% during the internet bubble years of 1999-2000 and then reverting to 12% during 2001-2003. We attribute much of the higher underpricing during the bubble period to a changing issuer objective function. We argue that in the later periods there was less focus on maximizing IPO proceeds due to an increased emphasis on research coverage. Furthermore, allocations of hot IPOs to the personal brokerage accounts of issuing firm executives created an incentive to seek rather than avoid underwriters with a reputation for severe underpricing.
Development and evaluation of methods to infer biosynthesis and substrate consumption in cultures of cellulolytic microorganisms

Concentrations of biosynthate (microbial biomass plus extracellular proteins) and residual substrate were inferred using elemental analysis for batch cultures of Clostridium thermocellum. Inferring residual substrate based on elemental analysis for a cellulose (Avicel)‐grown culture shows similar results to residual substrate determined by quantitative saccharification using acid hydrolysis. Inference based on elemental analysis is also compared to different on‐line measurements: base addition, CO2 production, and Near Infra Red optical density (OD850). Of these three on‐line techniques, NIR OD850 has the best correlation with residual substrate concentration and is the most practical to use. Both biosynthate and residual substrate concentration demonstrate typical sigmoidal trends that can easily be fitted with a five‐parameter Richards curve. The sigmoidal character of the inferred concentrations and on‐line data, especially the CO2 production rate, suggest that there is a maximum in cell‐specific rates of growth and substrate utilization during batch fermentations of crystalline cellulose, which is not observed during grown on cellobiose. Using a sigmoidal fit curve, the instantaneous specific growth rate was determined. While soluble substrate grown cultures show a constant growth rate, cultures grown on solid substrate do not. Features of various approaches are compared, with some more appropriate for rapid general indication of metabolic activity and some more appropriate for quantitative physiological studies. Biotechnol. Bioeng. 2013; 110:2380–2388. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.