Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Electroshock and Informed Consent

Informed consent is a vital issue in all forms of medicine, especially in psychiatry, where patients are often in extremely vulnerable states of mind, customary practice involves high risk to patients, and the law allows for abrogation of traditional civil rights based on judgments of perceived mental incompetence. This article addresses informed consent related to the practice of electroshock. The author argues that genuine informed consent for electroshock is nonexistent because psychiatrists deny or minimize its harmful effects and, as long as the threat—overt or covert—of involuntary treatment exists, there can be no truly voluntary informed consent. The author discusses four primary ways psychiatry violates informed consent in electroshock practice and presents an outline of important information to know about electroshock. An annotated review of the research is provided to back up each of the author’s assertions about medical effects and lack of efficacy of electroshock.
An Empirical Study of Factors that Influence the Willingness to Pay for Online News

Drawing on the theory of the economics of information, this study sheds light on the factors that influence willingness to pay for online news, using a telephone survey of 570 US (from the Pew Research Center) adults selected at random. Results of the logistic regression analysis revealed relationships between paying intent and predictor variables such as demographics (age and income), purchase of other digital products (online movies or TV content, software programs, eBooks and applications) and media use (Twitter). However, independent variables such as gender (demographics), video games and music files (purchase of other digital products) were not statistically significant. Future research on the economics of news may take into account these findings focused on studying paying intent.
Genetic causes of syndromic and non‐syndromic autism

Aims Over the past decade, genetic tests have become available for numerous heritable disorders, especially those whose inheritance follows the Mendelian model. Autism spectrum disorders (ASDs) represent a group of developmental disorders with a strong genetic basis. During the past few years, genetic research in ASDs has been successful in identifying several vulnerability loci and a few cytogenetic abnormalities or single‐base mutations implicated in the causation of autism.
Role of Gene Regulation during Vestibular Compensation

Abstract: Identification of the role of gene regulation in vestibular compensation is one aspect of a larger issue: the identification of molecular bases for plasticity in multiple vestibulo‐ocular, vestibulo‐spinal, vestibulo‐collic, and vestibulo‐autonomic responses. To achieve this goal, it is incumbent on investigators to examine molecular events within the contexts of the single neuron, the location of the neuron in pathways, and the timing of the molecular events relative to behavioral compensation. Hence, the goal of identifying molecular bases for a particular compensatory response (e.g., the disappearance of spontaneous nystagmus in the light or the disappearance of static head tilt) requires careful attention to the time course of physiologic compensation and the location of the effects within central pathways that have the potential to affect the responses. The effects of impeding these site‐specific and time‐specific changes can then be tested to determine their role in the compensatory process. A consideration of the recent literature on molecular events related to the resolution of spontaneous nystagmus in the light indicates that a meaningful approach to these issues requires a broadening of our conceptual approach. Specifically, one must consider the roles of transcriptional, translational, and posttranslational events on the turnover of critical signaling substrates for vestibular compensation.
A case for causal republicanism

In 1912, in the lull between Principia Mathematica and the Great War, Bertrand Russell turned a famously iconoclastic eye on the problem of causation: All philosophers, of every school, imagine that causation is one of the fundamental axioms or postulates of science, yet, oddly enough, in advanced sciences such as gravitational astronomy, the word 'cause' never occurs . The law of causality, I believe, like much that passes muster among philosophers, is a relic of a bygone age, surviving, like the monarchy, only because it is erroneously supposed to do no harm. (Russell 1913) Ninety years later, both targets seem to have survived Russell's attack. The monarchy in question remains firmly in place (Russell having proved one of the lesser trials of a troubled century). And causation still cuts the mustard in philosophy, apparently, despite further threats from new revolutions in physics.
The type and other early specimens of Grey Falcon Falco hypoleucos

The origin, identity and current location of the type specimen of Grey Falcon Falco hypoleucos and three further specimens known to John Gould, collected in 1839-45, are investigated. The specimen hitherto considered to be the holotype, held at the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia, is almost certainly not the type but a bird secured by Charles Sturt. The holotype almost surely is missing. The two specimens at Philadelphia are almost certainly those secured by Sturt at Depot Glen. The fourth specimen, collected by John Gilbert in 1842, almost definitely is the only specimen of the species held at the National Museums Liverpool. That specimen was considered missing but was re-found during this work.
Low-cost 3D-printed 240 GHz plastic lens fed by integrated antenna in organic substrate targeting sub-THz high data rate wireless links

Millimeter-wave and sub-THz low-cost antenna systems are hot topics in order to increase data rates. At these frequencies, quasi-optical antennas are often required to increase achievable gains and therefore link range. At 60 GHz and up-to 140 GHz, low-cost ABS-plastic lenses fabricated in 3D printing technology were successfully demonstrated. In this paper, the same approach is presented in the 215–240 GHz band. For the first time, an integrated antenna in organic substrate is used as a feed in order to illuminate a 3D-printed ABS-plastic lens. A co-design between those two elements was performed, a gain increase of ∼11 dB is then achieved for a lens diameter of 9 mm. A peak gain of 18 dBi has been measured at 235 GHz.
Ossifying Fibromyxoid Tumor of Soft Parts: A Clinicopathologic, Proteomic, and Genomic Study

Ossifying fibromyxoid tumor (OFMTs) of soft parts is a rare soft tissue and bone tumor of borderline malignancy displaying an uncertain line of differentiation. The existence of fully malignant OFMT is controversial. To better understand the natural history and line of differentiation taken by OFMT, we studied 46 cases by light microscopic, immunohistochemical (IHC), genomic, proteomic, and fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) methods. Cases were classified according to the 2003 Folpe and Weiss system. Clinical and follow-up information was obtained. IHC for S-100 protein, desmin, epithelial membrane antigen (EMA), cytokeratins, smooth muscle actin (SMA), INI-1, neurofilament protein (NFP), CD56d excitatory amino acid transporter-4 (EAAT4), and MUC4 was performed on formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded (FFPE) tissues. Gene expression profiling and proteomic studies were conducted on FFPE tissues from 13 and 5 cases, respectively. FISH for INI-1 was performed on 10 cases. The 46 tumors arose in 29 men and 17 women (median age, 52 y; range 39 to 63 y) and involved the proximal (N=17) and distal extremities (N=13), head and neck (N=9), and trunk (N=5). Median tumor size was 5.4 cm (range, 1.0 to 21.0 cm). Cases were classified as typical OFMT (26 of 46, 57%), atypical OFMT (5 of 46, 11%), and malignant OFMT (15 of 46 cases, 32%). Clinical follow-up (27 cases, median 55 months’ duration) showed all patients with typical and atypical OFMT to be alive without disease. Adverse events, including 3 local recurrences, 3 metastases, and 3 deaths, were seen only in malignant OFMT. IHC results were as follows: S-100 protein (30 of 41, 73%), desmin (15 of 39, 38%), cytokeratin (4 of 35, 11%), EMA (5 of 32, 16%), SMA (2 of 34, 6%), INI-1 (lost in mosaic pattern in 14 of 19, 74%), EAAT4 (31 of 39, 80%), MUC4 (3 of 14, 21%), NFP (8 of 10, 80%) and CD56 (6 of 14, 43%). Gene expression profiling showed typical and malignant OFMTs to cluster together, distinct from schwannian tumors. Proteomic study showed expression of various collagens, S-100 protein, and neuron-related proteins. FISH showed INI-1 deletion in 5 of 7 (71%) cases. We conclude that malignant OFMTs exist and may be recognized by the previously proposed criteria of Folpe and Weiss. Expression of neuron-related markers, in addition to Schwann cell and cartilage-associated markers, suggests a “scrambled” phenotype in OFMTs. Loss of INI-1 or other genes on 22q is likely important in the pathogenesis of these rare tumors.
Heligmosomoides polygyrus Promotes Regulatory T-Cell Cytokine Production in the Murine Normal Distal Intestine

ABSTRACT Helminths down-regulate inflammation and may prevent development of several autoimmune illnesses, such as inflammatory bowel disease. We determined if exposure to the duodenal helminth Heligmosomoides polygyrus establishes cytokine pathways in the distal intestine that may protect from intestinal inflammation. Mice received 200 H. polygyrus larvae and were studied 2 weeks later. Lamina propria mononuclear cells (LPMC) were isolated from the terminal ileum for analysis and in vitro experiments. Mice with H. polygyrus were resistant to trinitrobenzenesulfonic acid (TNBS)-induced colitis, a Th1 cytokine-dependent inflammation. Heligmosomoides polygyrus did not change the normal microscopic appearance of the terminal ileum and colon and minimally affected LPMC composition. However, colonization altered LPMC cytokine profiles, blocking gamma interferon (IFN-γ) and interleukin 12 (IL-12) p40 release but promoting IL-4, IL-5, IL-13, and IL-10 secretion. IL-10 blockade in vitro with anti-IL-10 receptor (IL-10R) monoclonal antibody restored LPMC IFN-γ and IL-12 p40 secretion. IL-10 blockade in vivo worsened TNBS colitis in H. polygyrus-colonized mice. Lamina propria CD4+ T cells isolated from colonized mice inhibited IFN-γ production by splenic T cells from worm-free mice. This inhibition did not require cell contact and was dependent on IL-10. Heligmosomoides polygyrus colonization inhibits Th1 and promotes Th2 and regulatory cytokine production in distant intestinal regions without changing histology or LPMC composition. IL-10 is particularly important for limiting the Th1 response. The T-cell origin of these cytokines demonstrates mucosal regulatory T-cell induction.
Social Dominance in a Gregarious Bird is Related to Body Size But not to Standard Personality Assays

The recent growth of research on animal personality could provide new insights into our understanding of sociality and the structure of animal groups. Although simple assays of the type commonly used to study animal personality have been shown to correlate with social aggressiveness in some bird species, conflicting empirical results do not yet make it clear when such assays, typically using isolated individuals, predict behaviour within social groups. We measured aggressiveness in groups of a very gregarious species, the common waxbill (Estrilda astrild), and performed five commonly used behavioural assays on the same individuals: tonic immobility, mirror test, novel object test, open-field test and a variant of the latter in an enriched environment. We found that larger individuals were more dominant and that differences in aggressiveness were repeatable. None of the traditional behavioural assays were related to aggressiveness or dominance. Standard personality assays may fail to capture individual differences relevant to predict social behaviour, and we discuss biological and methodological explanations for these results, such as social behaviour being in part an emergent property of groups rather than an intrinsic property of individuals, or gregarious species being particularly sensitive to the conditions of standard personality assays that test individuals alone.
Determining predisposition to insider threat activities by using text analysis

Insider threats are difficult to deal with because employees in any organization have a certain level of access to the company's secure network which bypasses the external security measures such as firewalls that have been put in place to protect the organization. The goal of this paper is to design and implement a predictive model which uses linguistic analysis as well as K-means to determine an employee's risk level computer-mediated communication specifically emails and related social networking. Computer-mediated communication (CMC) is a form of communication over virtual spaces where users cannot see each other's face. CMC includes email and communication over social networks, amongst others. This will be accomplished by determining whether or not employees meet certain personality criteria which establish how much of a risk they pose to their employers. In this study, various datasets are used including a real-world case study as a test bed for designed algorithm and tested results.
Level of platelet‐derived cytokines in leukoreduced red blood cells is influenced by the processing method and type of leukoreduction filter

BACKGROUND: In contrast to the well‐documented effect of white blood cells on the quality of red blood cells (RBCs), the effect of platelets (PLTs) has received little consideration. In this study, the PLT content and level of PLT‐derived cytokines in RBCs prepared using different types of leukoreduction methods were investigated.
Analyzing behaviors influencing use of mobile coupons from the perspective of transaction utility

We explored the antecedents of mobile coupon use based on acquisition-transaction utility theory (Lichtenstein, Netemeyer, & Burton, 1990) and the technology acceptance model (TAM; Davis, 1989). We analyzed data collected from 365 mobile phone users in Taiwan and developed a theoretical and empirical model. The results indicate that consumers with a higher degree of coupon proneness are more likely to recognize the usefulness of mobile coupons, and have more positive attitudes and behavioral intention toward coupon use. Both consumers’ perceived usefulness and attitudes toward use appeared to have an equal and positive impact on their behavioral intention to use.
Hot Flashes in Men

Menopause is coincident with ovarian failure in women, resulting in a relatively rapid fall in levels of estrogens. Although there is no comparable hormonal event in men, some do have hot flashes. In Sweden, it was found that 33.1% of noncastrated men reported hot flashes [1]. The underlying mechanisms for this are not known. In women, hot flashes are the most common symptom of menopause and are experienced by the vast majority of women in Western societies. They are triggered by small elevations in core body temperature acting within a greatly reduced thermoneutral zone [2]. This reduction is due, in part, to estrogen depletion and is mediated through a α2-adrenergic mechanism. Hot flashes can be detected objectively using sterna skin conductance, an electrical measure of sweating. There is a circadian rhythm of hot flashes, peaking at 1825h [2]. The most common cause of hot flashes in men is androgen deprivation therapy for prostate cancer. These hot flashes are similar in some ways to those in women perhaps due to the abruptness of hormonal change. They can be detected by sternal skin conductance level which has reasonable correspondence with patient self-reports [3]. Increases in core body temperature preceded all hot flashes in a single male patient recorded in the laboratory [4]. There is a circadian rhythm of male hot flashes recorded objectively and subjectively, which peaks in the early afternoon [5]. Although the studies cited above suggest several similarities between hot flashes in women and castrated me, there are several differences with those found in healthy aging men. These hot flashes are not accompanied by increases in skin temperature or conductance or by elevations in calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) [6]. The reasons for these differences are completely unknown and would be of great interest in future research.
Tuberculin reactivity in a pediatric population with high BCG vaccination coverage.

SETTING The tuberculin skin test (TST) is often included in diagnostic algorithms for tuberculosis (TB) in children. TST interpretation, however, may be complicated by prior Bacillus Calmette-Guerin (BCG) vaccination. We assessed the prevalence of and risk factors for positive TST reactions in children 3 to 60 months of age in Botswana, a country with high TB rates and BCG coverage of over 90%. METHODS A multi-stage cluster survey was conducted in one rural and three urban districts. Data collected included demographic characteristics, nutritional indices, vaccination status, and prior TB exposure. Mantoux TSTs were administered and induration measured at 48-72 hours. RESULTS Of 821 children identified, 783 had TSTs placed and read. Of the 759 children with vaccination cards, 755 (99.5%) had received BCG vaccine. Seventy-nine per cent of children had 0 mm induration, 7% had > or =10 mm induration ('positive' TST), and 2% had > or =15 mm. A positive TST was associated with reported contact with any person with active TB (odds ratio [OR] 1.9; 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.02-3.6), or a mother (OR 5.1; 95% CI 2.1-12.4) or aunt (OR 5.3; 95% CI 2.0-14.0) with active TB. TSTs > or =5 mm (but not > or =10 mm) were associated with presence of a BCG scar. Positive reactions were not associated with age, time since BCG vaccination, clinical signs or symptoms of TB, nutritional status, crowding, or recent measles or polio immunization. CONCLUSION The TST remains useful in identifying children with tuberculous infection in this setting of high TB prevalence and extensive BCG coverage.
Characterization of Family-Generated Videotapes for the Management of Verbally Disruptive Behaviors

In this study, the authors examined the characteristics of family-generated videotapes used to manage the manifestation of verbally disruptive behaviors (VDB) in nursing home residents. Videotapes prepared by the relatives of 30 verbally disruptive nursing home residents to be shown to residents were systematically observed and coded for content and mode of presentation. The relationship between the videotapes' characteristics and their impact on the resident was studied. The majority of the time in the videotape was spent talking about the past or present of the family, was characterized by an overall feeling of respect, and did not show great variability in the features examined. Videotapes coded as showing more love and those not talking about current events were associated with higher effectiveness in reducing VDB. This treatment proved to be an appropriate and rewarding avenue to involve family members in the care of their frail institutionalized elderly relatives.
rMATS: Robust and flexible detection of differential alternative splicing from replicate RNA-Seq data

Significance Alternative splicing (AS) is an important mechanism of eukaryotic gene regulation. Deep RNA sequencing (RNA-Seq) has become a powerful approach for quantitative profiling of AS. With the increasing capacity of high-throughput sequencers, it has become common for RNA-Seq studies of AS to examine multiple biological replicates. We developed rMATS, a new statistical method for robust and flexible detection of differential AS from replicate RNA-Seq data. Besides the analysis of unpaired replicates, rMATS includes a model specifically designed for paired replicates, such as case–control matched pairs in clinical RNA-Seq datasets. We expect rMATS will be useful for genome-wide studies of AS in diverse research projects. Our data also provide new insights about the experimental design for RNA-Seq studies of AS. Ultra-deep RNA sequencing (RNA-Seq) has become a powerful approach for genome-wide analysis of pre-mRNA alternative splicing. We previously developed multivariate analysis of transcript splicing (MATS), a statistical method for detecting differential alternative splicing between two RNA-Seq samples. Here we describe a new statistical model and computer program, replicate MATS (rMATS), designed for detection of differential alternative splicing from replicate RNA-Seq data. rMATS uses a hierarchical model to simultaneously account for sampling uncertainty in individual replicates and variability among replicates. In addition to the analysis of unpaired replicates, rMATS also includes a model specifically designed for paired replicates between sample groups. The hypothesis-testing framework of rMATS is flexible and can assess the statistical significance over any user-defined magnitude of splicing change. The performance of rMATS is evaluated by the analysis of simulated and real RNA-Seq data. rMATS outperformed two existing methods for replicate RNA-Seq data in all simulation settings, and RT-PCR yielded a high validation rate (94%) in an RNA-Seq dataset of prostate cancer cell lines. Our data also provide guiding principles for designing RNA-Seq studies of alternative splicing. We demonstrate that it is essential to incorporate biological replicates in the study design. Of note, pooling RNAs or merging RNA-Seq data from multiple replicates is not an effective approach to account for variability, and the result is particularly sensitive to outliers. The rMATS source code is freely available at rnaseq-mats.sourceforge. net/. As the popularity of RNA-Seq continues to grow, we expect rMATS will be useful for studies of alternative splicing in diverse RNA-Seq projects.
The effect of soy dietary supplement and low dose of hormone therapy on main cardiovascular health biomarkers: a randomized controlled trial.

PURPOSE To assess the effects of a soy dietary supplement on the main biomarkers of cardiovascular health in postmenopausal women compared with the effects of low-dose hormone therapy (HT) and placebo. METHODS Double-blind, randomized and controlled intention-to-treat trial. Sixty healthy postmenopausal women, aged 40-60 years, 4.1 years mean time since menopause were recruited and randomly assigned to 3 groups: a soy dietary supplement group (isoflavone 90mg), a low-dose HT group (estradiol 1 mg plus noretisterone 0.5 mg) and a placebo group. Lipid profile, glucose level, body mass index, blood pressure and abdominal/hip ratio were evaluated in all the participants at baseline and after 16 weeks. Statistical analyses were performed using the χ2 test, Fisher's exact test, Kruskal-Wallis non-parametric test, analysis of variance (ANOVA), paired Student's t-test and Wilcoxon test. RESULTS After a 16-week intervention period, total cholesterol decreased 11.3% and LDL-cholesterol decreased 18.6% in the HT group, but both did not change in the soy dietary supplement and placebo groups. Values for triglycerides, HDL-cholesterol, glucose level, body mass index, blood pressure and abdominal/hip ratio did not change over time in any of the three groups. CONCLUSION The use of dietary soy supplement did not show any significant favorable effect on cardiovascular health biomarkers compared with HT. CLINICAL TRIAL REGISTRY The trial is registered at the Brazilian Clinical Trials Registry (Registro Brasileiro de Ensaios Clínicos - ReBEC), number RBR-76mm75.