Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
An energy-aware routing for cognitive radio ad hoc networks

In cognitive radio ad hoc networks (CRAHNs), because mobile devices are mainly powered by battery, efficient consumption of energy is a key problem to be improved. In this paper we study how to find an energy efficient route for a session in CRAHNs. We propose a relative energy metric for routing in CRAHNs, and develop two relay users selection methods for CRAHNs, one of which is proactive and the other is reactive. The new routing scheme could select proper relay nodes, channels, and transmitter power for a session, aims to supply enough communication rate, to decrease the average total power consumption of each session, and to prolong the life of the total network at the same time. In addition, we compare the performance of a proactive route scheme with that of reactive method. Numerical results show that the effectiveness of our proposed routing scheme is with good generalization ability, and the reactive node selection method may better satisfy CRNs.
Flexible Parallel Processing in Memory : Architecture + Programming Model

VLSI technology continues to develop at a staggering rate presenting two challenges to computer designers: (i) how to capitalize on the additional resources that are available on a chip; and (ii) how to evolve computer architecture models that are well matched to the signi cantly changed physical parameters of new technology and the expanding needs of applications. One of the chief challenges is overcoming the widening gap between processor and DRAM memory. Even allowing for large caches and a heavily pipelined memory, memory will not be able to provide data to a modern superscalar processor at a rate that satis es cache miss rates for most applications [9, 11, 23]. Integration of processing with DRAM is an emerging solution to the memory bandwidth/latency problem [13]. The arguments for this integration in light of current technology trends are compelling: Moving most, if not all, of the processing to the memory chip exposes the large internal bandwidth to the processing logic at low latencies. Attempts at using PIM as an alternative memory hierarchy for a conventional superscalar architecture have not shown signi cant improvement in performance over a traditional memory hierarchy [7, 19] because such architectures do not capitalize on the large bandwidth o ered by a PIM con guration. While it is not evident how the available bandwidth can be directly harnessed, it is clear that explicit parallelism is necessary to make eÆcient use of this bandwidth. The challenge here is twofold: (i) having an architecture that is capable of processing the large bandwidth; and (ii) a programming model/compiler techniques that allow this processing bandwidth to be utilized given the addressing restriction (only one row in a memory bank can be accessed at a time). Several PPIM architectures have been suggested, targeting a wide range of granularity in the parallelism model. More precisely, these architectures range from those exploiting low-level data (stream) parallelism synchronously as per the vector/SIMD model [13, 18] to exploiting high-granularity asynchronous parallelism (multiprocessor chips consisting of full processors with associated memory [12]). While the vector/SIMD approach satis es the rst requirement on the architecture (of having the processing capability to utilize the memory bandwidth), it fails on the second requirement of having a programming model that allows this processing bandwidth to be used for general purpose algorithms. Conversely, the chip multiprocessor approach o ers a exible programming model, but does not e ectively utilize the bandwidth. In addition, it incurs the overhead for the instruction sequencing and control hardware, as well as an instruction store with each datapath. Thus, neither approach appears to e ectively support general purpose processing. In this paper we propose a PPIM that targets eÆ-
The Contribution of Bound-electron Pair Production to the Dispersion Relation for Delbr Uck Scattering Typeset Using Revt E X 2

In photon-atom scattering the customary partitioning of the elastic scattering amplitude into Rayleigh and Delbr uck amplitudes (as well as nuclear amplitudes) in the single-electron formalism involves summations over complete sets of intermediate electron states in the atomic potential. This leads to the Rayleigh amplitude which is usually compared with experiment. However another consequence of the partition is that the total cross section for bound-electron pair production into all bound states, regardless of occupation , is included in the optical theorem for the imaginary part of the forward Delbr uck amplitude. The corresponding real part of the forward Delbr uck amplitude can be obtained through the use of a dispersion relation. We show that for Z=92 the inclusion of the bound-electron pair production cross section leads to a contribution to the real part of forward Delbr uck amplitude which can be as much as 12% of the Born approximation result, for photon energies near the pair production threshold. This bound-electron pair production contribution is therefore comparable in magnitude to the corrections due to Coulomb and screening eeects in the ordinary pair production cross section (electron in continuum). The net correction to Born approximation is 1 small well below threshold, signiicant well above threshold.
Origin of the Hard X-ray Emission from the Galactic Plane

The Galactic plane is a strong emitter of hard x-rays (2 to 10 kiloelectron volts), and the emission forms a narrow continuous ridge. The currently known hard x-ray sources are far too few to explain the ridge x-ray emission, and the fundamental question of whether the ridge emission is ultimately resolved into numerous dimmer discrete sources or truly diffuse emission has not yet been settled. In order to obtain a decisive answer, using the Chandra X-ray Observatory, we carried out the deepest hard x-ray survey of a Galactic plane region that is devoid of known x-ray point sources. We detected at least 36 new hard x-ray point sources in addition to strong diffuse emission within a 17′ by 17′ field of view. The surface density of the point sources is comparable to that at high Galactic latitudes after the effects of Galactic absorption are considered. Therefore, most of these point sources are probably extragalactic, presumably active galaxies seen through the Galactic disk. The Galactic ridge hard x-ray emission is diffuse, which indicates omnipresence within the Galactic plane of a hot plasma, the energy density of which is more than one order of magnitude higher than any other substance in the interstellar space.
H2O2 Inhibits ABA-Signaling Protein Phosphatase HAB1

Due to its ability to be rapidly generated and propagated over long distances, H2O2 is an important second messenger for biotic and abiotic stress signaling in plants. In response to low water potential and high salt concentrations sensed in the roots of plants, the stress hormone abscisic acid (ABA) activates NADPH oxidase to generate H2O2, which is propagated in guard cells in leaves to induce stomatal closure and prevent water loss from transpiration. Using a reconstituted system, we demonstrate that H2O2 reversibly prevents the protein phosphatase HAB1, a key component of the core ABA-signaling pathway, from inhibiting its main target in guard cells, SnRK2.6/OST1 kinase. We have identified HAB1 C186 and C274 as H2O2-sensitive thiols and demonstrate that their oxidation inhibits both HAB1 catalytic activity and its ability to physically associate with SnRK2.6 by formation of intermolecular dimers.
Reconstruction of Bacterial and Viral Genomes from Multiple Metagenomes

Several metagenomic projects have been accomplished or are in progress. However, in most cases, it is not feasible to generate complete genomic assemblies of species from the metagenomic sequencing of a complex environment. Only a few studies have reported the reconstruction of bacterial genomes from complex metagenomes. In this work, Binning-Assembly approach has been proposed and demonstrated for the reconstruction of bacterial and viral genomes from 72 human gut metagenomic datasets. A total 1156 bacterial genomes belonging to 219 bacterial families and, 279 viral genomes belonging to 84 viral families could be identified. More than 80% complete draft genome sequences could be reconstructed for a total of 126 bacterial and 11 viral genomes. Selected draft assembled genomes could be validated with 99.8% accuracy using their ORFs. The study provides useful information on the assembly expected for a species given its number of reads and abundance. This approach along with spiking was also demonstrated to be useful in improving the draft assembly of a bacterial genome. The Binning-Assembly approach can be successfully used to reconstruct bacterial and viral genomes from multiple metagenomic datasets obtained from similar environments.
Evaluating DUC 2004 Tasks with the QARLA Framework

This papers reports the application of the QARLA evaluation framework to the DUC 2004 testbed (tasks 2 and 5). Our experiment addresses two issues: how well QARLA evaluation measures correlate with human judgements, and what additional insights can be provided by the QARLA framework to the DUC evaluation exercises.
Entangled transactions

As the world becomes more interdependent and computing grows more collaborative, there is a need for new abstractions and tools to help users work together. We recently introduced entangled queries - a mechanism for information exchange between database queries [6]. In this paper, we introduce entangled transactions, units of work similar to traditional transactions that however do not run in isolation, but communicate with each other via entangled queries. Supporting entangled transactions brings about many new challenges, from an abstract model to an investigation of the unique systems issues that arise during their implementation. We first introduce a novel semantic model for entangled transactions that comes with analogues of the classical ACID properties. We then discuss execution models for entangled transactions and select a concrete design motivated by application scenarios. With a prototype system that implements this design, we show experimental results that demonstrate the viability of entangled transactions in real-world application settings.
An Okinawan-based Nordic diet improves anthropometry, metabolic control, and health-related quality of life in Scandinavian patients with type 2 diabetes: a pilot trial

Background Our hypothesis was that a modified diet would improve blood glucose control with beneficial impact on weight management and overall health in established diabetes. Objective This prospective interventional study investigated the clinical effect of an Okinawan-based Nordic diet on anthropometry, metabolic control, and health-related quality of life (HRQoL) in Scandinavian type 2 diabetes patients. Design Food was prepared and delivered to 30 type 2 diabetes patients. Clinical information along with data on HRQoL, blood samples, and urine samples were collected during 12 weeks of diet interventions, with follow-up 16 weeks after diet completion. Results After 12 weeks of dietary intervention, a reduction in body weight (7%) (p<0.001), body mass index (p<0.001), and waist circumference (7.0 cm) (p<0.001) was seen. Improved levels of proinsulin (p=0.005), insulin (p=0.011), and fasting plasma glucose (p<0.001) were found already after 2 weeks; these improved levels remained after 12 weeks when lowered levels of C-peptide (p=0.015), triglycerides (p=0.009), total cholesterol (p=0.001), and low-density lipoprotein-cholesterol (p=0.041) were also observed. Insulin resistance homeostasis model assessment for insulin resistance was lowered throughout the study, with a 20% reduction in hemoglobin A1c levels (p<0.001) at week 12, despite reduced anti-diabetes treatment. Lowered systolic blood pressure (9.6 mmHg) (p<0.001), diastolic blood pressure (2.7 mmHg) (p<0.001), and heart and respiratory rates (p<0.001) were accompanied by decreased cortisol levels (p=0.015) and improvement in HRQoL. At follow-up, increased levels of high-density lipoprotein-cholesterol were found (p=0.003). Conclusion This interventional study demonstrates a considerable improvement of anthropometric and metabolic parameters and HRQoL in Scandinavian type 2 diabetes patients when introducing a modified Okinawan-based Nordic diet, independently of exercise or other interventions. Through these dietary changes, anti-diabetes treatment could be decreased or cancelled.
The Information in Temporal Histograms

In many circumstances the limitation for use of video cameras is energy. The energy needed for compression and transmission of video is substantial, and is linear with the number of transmitted frames. Time-lapse photography, a drastic reduction of transmitted frame rate, is an obvious solution, say by transmitting one frame every several minutes. The temporal resolution of the video is lost. Can we reduce the number of transmitted frames but still keep some information in the original frame rate? In this work we examine a new paradigm for static cameras, the Histogram Camera. Frames are examined (but not coded or transmitted) at video frame rate, and for each pixel a temporal histogram of the intensity values is maintained. These temporal histograms, one per pixel, are transmitted at the reduced frame rates. It is shown that objects that change status from moving to stationary or vice versa can be extracted from the pixel-wise temporal histograms at high temporal accuracy. A storyboard summary of the video between frame transmissions can be generated. In addition, objects extracted from temporal histograms enable both background reconstruction, and matching across cameras with very different viewpoints. These benefits suggests that the Histogram Camera may be an important part of future very low frame rate cameras.
DORS: Database Query Optimizer with Rule Based Search Engine

The database query optimizer is a very important and complex module in database management systems. It receives a query optimization request with a query tree as a parameter and return an optimized execution plan. The query optimization problem is NP-Hard; therefore, there are many proposals of heuristics and techniques for optimization strategies. There are also several data models (e.g objectoriented, relational, object-relational and semi-structured/XML) suitable to store information for different kinds of applications. Several optimization frameworks were proposed with the aim of making easier to build optimizers and reuse design decisions. However, they are tied to some specific language and hard to integrate with other database modules. We propose a design pattern to help the design and construction of a database optimizer. So far, we do not have knowledge about similar work. Context Different types of applications should use a suitable data model. For instance, commercial systems work well with relational data models, CAD/CAM systems need a more expressive data model as the objectoriented, and the Internet with XML [W3C] applications work well with semi-structured data models. Different data models and different kinds of applications require specific implementation of the query optimizer. The database developer should design optimizers able to support different kinds of databases, data models and applications. Some examples of database and application kinds are object-oriented databases, multidatabases, and parallel databases. Object-oriented databases use a model that requires the optimizer to support different data types, use of indexes for class hierarquies and method execution. Multidatabase is a front-end application that integrates different kinds of database. A multidatabase optimizer should support different data models, distributed data and data transfer issues. The large adoption of Web-based applications in the Internet has increased the number of users and the number of database query requests. Thus, scalability is important for a database server. Parallel database architecture is a good alternative for improving scalability and response time. However, parallel query optimization is a very complex problem. The optimizer for parallel databases should balance the trade-offs of memory use, data partitioning, data transfer, synchronization of operations and a very large search space. Different kinds of parallel database architectures must also be analyzed.
The Relationship between Heat Stress, Survivability and Blood Composition of the Domestic Chicken

In order to better understand the metabolic changes leading to death which take place in the chicken during acute heat stress, the blood composition was determined in surviving and non-surviving chickens. The following blood analytes were determined: glucose, uric acid, serum total proteins, inorganic phosphate, total and ionized calcium, sodium, potassium, triiodothyronine, thyroxine. The haematocrit, erythrocyte creatine kinase (total and the isoenzymes) and haemoglobin fractions were also measured. Blood was taken from the wing vein before and after heat stress. Eight-week-old "Anak 2000" broilers were kept in a climate chamber at 24 degrees C/40% relative humidity during a 14-hour day, and at 20 degrees C/40% relative humidity during a 10-hour night. The birds were subjected to heat stress by exposing them to 40 degrees C/30% relative humidity for 3 hours. Significant differences between heat-stressed surviving and non-surviving chickens were seen in the blood levels of glucose, uric acid, total and ionized calcium, potassium, triiodothyronine, erythrocyte creatine kinase (total and isoenzymes). Differences were also seen in the levels and ratio of the 2 haemoglobin fractions. The significance of these changes, and their potential use as markers for heat resistance is discussed.
Integration by parts formula for locally smooth laws and applications to sensitivity computations

We consider random variables of the form $F=f(V_1,.,V_n)$ where $f$ is a smooth function and $V_i,i\in\mathbbN$ are random variables with absolutely continuous law $p_i(y). $ We assume that $p_i,i=1,. ,n$ are piecewise differentiable and we develop a differential calculus of Malliavin type based on $\partial\lnp_i. $ This allows us to establish an integration by parts formula $E(\partial_i\phi(F)G)=E(\phi(F)H_i(F,G))$ where $H_i(F,G)$ is a random variable constructed using the differential operators acting on $F$ and $G. $ We use this formula in order to give numerical algorithms for sensitivity computations in a model driven by a Levy process.
TECHNOLOGY SPILLOVER IN RURAL AREAS ( An ICT Adoption review )

Since 1970 rural IT companies pioneered Information and Communication Technology (ICT) adoption in Israeli rural areas. Company records and performance provide a unique information set enabling evaluation of technological innovation and ICT adoption. Adoption in turn facilitated spillovers with derived benefits credited to the adoption process. This process evaluation highlights critical success factors and constraints. They provide a better understanding of the source of innovation, ICT adoption, spillover processes and the role of ICT as an enabling factor for regional development. This review outlines a successful model for ICT adoption in rural areas and possibly planning criteria.
Does content determine information popularity in social media?: a case study of youtube videos' content and their popularity

We here investigate what drives the popularity of information on social media platforms. Focusing on YouTube, we seek to understand the extent to which content by itself determines a video's popularity. Using mechanical turk as experimental platform, we asked users to evaluate pairs of videos, and compared users' relative perception of the videos' content against their relative popularity reported by YouTube. We found that in most evaluations users could not reach consensus on which video had better content as their perceptions tend to be very subjective. Nevertheless, when consensus was reached, the video with preferred content almost always achieved greater popularity on YouTube, highlighting the importance of content in driving information popularity on social media.
The Cryptic African Wolf: Canis aureus lupaster Is Not a Golden Jackal and Is Not Endemic to Egypt

The Egyptian jackal (Canis aureus lupaster) has hitherto been considered a large, rare subspecies of the golden jackal (C. aureus). It has maintained its taxonomical status to date, despite studies demonstrating morphological similarities to the grey wolf (C. lupus). We have analyzed 2055 bp of mitochondrial DNA from C. a. lupaster and investigated the similarity to C. aureus and C. lupus. Through phylogenetic comparison with all wild wolf-like canids (based on 726 bp of the Cytochrome b gene) we conclusively (100% bootstrap support) place the Egyptian jackal within the grey wolf species complex, together with the Holarctic wolf, the Indian wolf and the Himalayan wolf. Like the two latter taxa, C. a. lupaster seems to represent an ancient wolf lineage which most likely colonized Africa prior to the northern hemisphere radiation. We thus refer to C. a. lupaster as the African wolf. Furthermore, we have detected C. a. lupaster individuals at two localities in the Ethiopian highlands, extending the distribution by at least 2,500 km southeast. The only grey wolf species to inhabit the African continent is a cryptic species for which the conservation status urgently needs assessment.
A collection of new preconditioners for solving linear systems

In this paper, new preconditioners from class of (I+S)-type for solving linear systems are developed and preconditioned, accelerated overrelaxation (AOR) method is used for the systems. The proposed algorithms have a simple and graceful structure. Asymptotic convergence of the sequence generated by the methods to the unique solution of linear systems is proved, along with a result regarding the convergence rate of the preconditioned methods. Finally, computational comparisons of the standard methods against preconditioned methods based on examples are presented which illustrate the merits of simplicity, power and effectiveness of the proposed algorithms. Key words: Preconditioning, accelerated overrelaxation (AOR), successive over relaxation (SOR), Z-, M- matrix.