Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
A DETAILED STUDY OF SPITZER-IRAC EMISSION IN HERBIG–HARO OBJECTS. I. MORPHOLOGY AND FLUX RATIOS OF SHOCKED EMISSION

We present a detailed analysis of Spitzer-IRAC images obtained toward six Herbig–Haro objects (HH 54/211/212, L 1157/1448, and BHR 71). Our analysis includes (1) comparisons of morphology between the four IRAC bands (3.6, 4.5, 5.8, and 8.0 μm) and H2 1–0 S(1) at 2.12 μm for three out of six objects, (2) measurements of spectral energy distributions (SEDs) at selected positions, and (3) comparisons of these results with calculations of thermal H2 emission at LTE (207 lines in four bands) and non-LTE (32–45 lines, depending on the particle for collisions). We show that the morphologies observed at 3.6 and 4.5 μm are similar to each other and to H2 1–0 S(1). This is well explained by thermal H2 emission at non-LTE if the dissociation rate is significantly larger than 0.002–0.02, allowing thermal collisions to be dominated by atomic hydrogen. In contrast, the 5.8 and 8.0 μm emission shows different morphologies from the others in some regions. This emission appears to be more enhanced at the wakes in bow shocks, or less enhanced in patchy structures in the jet. These tendencies are explained by the fact that thermal H2 emission in the 5.8 and 8.0 μm band is enhanced in regions at lower densities and temperatures. Throughout, the observed similarities and differences in morphology between four bands and 1–0 S(1) are well explained by thermal H2 emission. The observed SEDs are categorized into type-A, those in which the flux monotonically increases with wavelength, and type-B, those with excess emission at 4.5 μm. The type-A SEDs are explained by thermal H2 emission, in particular with simple shock models with a power-law cooling function (Λ ∝ Ts). Our calculations suggest that the type-B SEDs require extra contaminating emission in the 4.5 μm band. The CO vibrational emission is the most promising candidate, and the other contaminants discussed to date (H i, [Fe ii], fluorescent H2, and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon) are not likely to explain the observed SEDs.
Strongly correlated Bose gases

The strongly interacting Bose gas is one of the most fundamental paradigms of quantum many-body physics and the subject of many experimental and theoretical investigations. We review recent progress on strongly correlated Bose gases, starting with a description of beyond mean-field corrections. We show that the Efimov effect leads to non universal phenomena and to a metastability of the low temperature Bose gas through three-body recombination to deeply bound molecular states. We outline differences and similarities with ultracold Fermi gases, discuss recent experiments on the unitary Bose gas, and finally present a few perspectives for future research.
Review on fundamental research and applications on swarm intelligence robots

Swarm intelligence is inspired by Ant Colony, Bee Colony and Bird Flock from nature and it builds distributed and scalable algorithms which can employ a large amount of homogeneous and straightforward agents to accomplish the vast and complicated tasks that cannot be fulfilled by a single individual agent. Swarm robotics is a typical application of Swarm intelligence in which researchers all over the world are investing heavily to build the initial theoretical framework and effective models. This article mainly summarizes the latest development of Swarm robotics and attempts to understand and analyze its applications especially in gathering in a team, spatial dispersion, combination forming, combination forming and group movement.
Exploring the 2MASS extended and point source catalogues with clustering redshifts

The Two-Micron All-Sky Survey (2MASS) has mapped out the low-redshift Universe down to $K_S\sim14$ mag. As its near-infrared photometry primarily probes the featureless Rayleigh-Jeans tail of galaxy spectral energy distributions, colour-based redshift estimation is rather uninformative. Until now, redshift estimates for this dataset have relied on optical follow-up suffering from selection biases. Here we use the newly-developed technique of clustering-based redshift estimation to infer the redshift distribution of the 2MASS sources regardless of their optical properties. We characterise redshift distributions of objects from the Extended Source Catalogue as a function of near-infrared colours and brightness and report some observed trends. We also apply the clustering redshift technique to dropout populations, sources with non-detections in one or more near-infrared bands, and present their redshift distributions. Combining all extended sources, we confirm with clustering redshifts that the distribution of this sample extends up to $z\sim0.35$. % We perform a similar analysis with the Point Source Catalogue and show that it can be separated into stellar and extragalactic contributions with galaxies reaching $z\sim0.7$. We estimate that the Point Source Catalogue contains 1.6 million extragalactic objects: as many as in the Extended Source Catalogue but probing a cosmic volume ten times larger.
Influence of Physical Fitness, Anthropometric Profile, and Biological Maturation on Technical Performance and Enjoyment of Untrained Children Who Participate in Continuous and Fractional Small-Sided Games

The objective is to determine the relationship between physical fitness, anthropometric measures, and biological maturation as they relate to technical performance in small-sided games (SSGs) of continuous and fractioned regimes. Methodology: A crossover-design study in which 12 children participated in two regimens of SSG (continuous and fractional). At the beginning of the study, all children were evaluated using physical fitness tests (horizontal jump test, vertical jump, cardiorespiratory fitness, and agility), anthropometric profile (weight, height, Body Mass Index (BMI), and waist circumference (WC)), and biological maturation (peak years of growth velocity). All sessions were recorded and analyzed with the Performance Assessment in Team Sports instrument, and at the end of each game each child was asked to answer a scale of enjoyment for physical activity. Results: The results of the paired samples t-test showed no significant differences in the measures of technical performance and perceived enjoyment for the continuous and fractional regimens of SSGs (p > 0.05). The correlation results showed that technical performance in the continuous and fractional regimes was related to agility, horizontal jump, and height, while biological maturation was only related to technical performance in the fractional regimen of SSGs. Perceived enjoyment showed a negative relationship with weight, height, BMI, and WC. Conclusion: The fractional and continuous regimens of SSGs implemented in this study induced similar technical demands and enjoyment. Furthermore, the results suggest that physical fitness, anthropometric profile, and biological maturation may influence the technical performance and enjoyment of SSGs.
Understanding the Angular Momentum Loss of Low-Mass Stars: The Case of V374 Peg

Recently, surface magnetic field maps had been acquired for a small sample of active M dwarfs, showing that fully convective stars (spectral types ~M4 and later) host intense (~kG), mainly axi-symmetrical poloidal fields. In particular, the rapidly rotating M dwarf V374Peg (M4), believed to lie near the theoretical full convection threshold, presents a stable magnetic topology on a time-scale of 1 yr. The rapid rotation of V374Peg (P=0.44 days) along with its intense magnetic field point toward a magneto-centrifugally acceleration of a coronal wind. In this work, we aim at investigating the structure of the coronal magnetic field in the M dwarf V374Peg by means of three-dimensional magnetohydrodynamical (MHD) numerical simulations of the coronal wind. For the first time, an observationally derived surface magnetic field map is implemented in MHD models of stellar winds for a low-mass star. We self-consistently take into consideration the interaction of the outflowing wind with the magnetic field and vice versa. Hence, from the interplay between magnetic forces and wind forces, we are able to determine the configuration of the magnetic field and the structure of the coronal winds. Our results enable us to evaluate the angular momentum loss of the rapidly rotating M dwarf V374Peg.
An Automatic Recognition Method for Fish Species and Length Using an Underwater Stereo Vision System

Developing new methods to detect biomass information on freshwater fish in farm conditions enables the creation of decision bases for precision feeding. In this study, an approach based on Keypoints R-CNN is presented to identify species and measure length automatically using an underwater stereo vision system. To enhance the model’s robustness, stochastic enhancement is performed on image datasets. For further promotion of the features extraction capability of the backbone network, an attention module is integrated into the ResNeXt50 network. Concurrently, the feature pyramid network (FPN) is replaced by an improved path aggregation network (I-PANet) to achieve a greater fusion of effective feature maps. Compared to the original model, the mAP of the improved one in object and key point detection tasks increases by 4.55% and 2.38%, respectively, with a small increase in the number of model parameters. In addition, a new algorithm is introduced for matching the detection results of neural networks. On the foundation of the above contents, coordinates of head and tail points in stereo images as well as fish species can be obtained rapidly and accurately. A 3D reconstruction of the fish head and tail points is performed utilizing the calibration parameters and projection matrix of the stereo camera. The estimated length of the fish is acquired by calculating the Euclidean distance between two points. Finally, the precision of the proposed approach proved to be acceptable for five kinds of common freshwater fish. The accuracy of species identification exceeds 94%, and the relative errors of length measurement are less than 10%. In summary, this method can be utilized to help aquaculture farmers efficiently collect real-time information about fish length.
Charm contribution to the atmospheric neutrino flux

We revisit the estimate of the charm particle contribution to the atmospheric neutrino flux that is expected to dominate at high energies because long-lived high-energy pions and kaons interact in the atmosphere before decaying into neutrinos. We focus on the production of forward charm particles which carry a large fraction of the momentum of the incident proton. In the case of strange particles, such a component is familiar from the abundant production of $K^{+} \Lambda$ pairs. These forward charm particles can dominate the high-energy atmospheric neutrino flux in underground experiments. Modern collider experiments have no coverage in the very large rapidity region where charm forward pair production dominates. Using archival accelerator data as well as IceCube measurements of atmospheric electron and muon neutrino fluxes, we obtain an upper limit on forward $\bar{D}^0 \Lambda_c$ pair production and on the associated flux of high-energy atmospheric neutrinos. We conclude that the prompt flux may dominate the much-studied central component and represent a significant contribution to the TeV atmospheric neutrino flux. Importantly, it cannot accommodate the PeV flux of high-energy cosmic neutrinos, nor the excess of events observed by IceCube in the 30--200 TeV energy range indicating either structure in the flux of cosmic accelerators, or a presence of more than one component in the cosmic flux observed.
Hidden Local Symmetry and Infinite Tower of Vector Mesons for Baryons

In an effort to access dense baryonic matter relevant for compact stars in a unified framework that handles both single baryon and multibaryon systems on the same footing, we first address a holographic dual action for a single baryon focusing on the role of the infinite tower of vector mesons deconstructed from five dimensions. To leading order in 't Hooft coupling $\lambda=N_c g_{\rm YM}^2$, one has the Bogomol'nyi-Prasad-Sommerfield (BPS) Skyrmion that results when the warping of the bulk background and the Chern-Simons term in the Sakai-Sugimoto D4/D8-${\bar{\rm D8}}$ model are ignored. The infinite tower was found by Sutcliffe to induce flow to a conformal theory, i.e., the BPS. We compare this structure to that of the SS model consisting of a 5D Yang-Mills action in warped space and the Chern-Simons term in which higher vector mesons are integrated out while preserving hidden local symmetry and valid to $O(\lambda^0)$ and $O(p^4)$ in the chiral counting. We point out the surprisingly important role of the $\omega$ meson that figures in the Chern-Simons term that encodes chiral anomaly in the baryon structure and that may be closely tied to short-range repulsion in nuclear interactions.
THE HOLOGRAPHIC SCREEN AT LOW TEMPERATURES

A permissible spectrum of transverse vibrations for the holographic screen modifies both a distribution of thermal energy over bits at low temperatures and the law of gravitation at small accelerations of free fall in agreement with observations of flat rotation curves in spiral galaxies. This modification relates holographic screen parameters in de Sitter spacetime with the Milgrom acceleration in MOND.
Time-Varying Return Predictability and Adaptive Behavior in The U.S. 
Commodity Markets During COVID-19

The study investigates the time-varying efficiency of the four most commonly traded international commodities from the U.S. Chicago Board of Options Exchange (CBOE) over a more extended period as well as during COVID-19. The study also explores how adaptive behavior of returns induces profitable opportunities in the commodity markets. Daily returns of commodity indices (gold, silver, oil, metal) are divided into subsamples of six years, to apply a battery of linear/nonlinear tests. The study uncovers the linear and nonlinear serial dependence in returns from commodities and finds evidence of time-varying volatility, thus consistent with the Adaptive Market Hypothesis over the full sample period. Moreover, returns from all the commodities are highly volatile and predictable during COVID-19.
The observational position of simple non-minimally coupled inflationary scenarios

We consider two classes of non-minimally coupled inflation models; those with a quadratic coupling of the inflaton to gravity, and the `Universal Attractor' models where the coupling is connected to the potential. We make a detailed analysis of the attractor structure in the latter case, identifying a shift of the attractor from the Starobinsky point and determining conditions for approach to the attractor. We then assess the viability of the models under different interpretations of the BICEP2 experiment's detection of B-mode polarisation, finding strong constraints on the non-minimal coupling in the case where the B-modes have mostly primordial origin.
Self-supervised learning of materials concepts from crystal structures via deep neural networks

Material development involves laborious processes to explore the vast materials space. The key to accelerating these processes is understanding the structure-functionality relationships of materials. Machine learning has enabled large-scale analysis of underlying relationships between materials via their vector representations, or embeddings. However, the learning of material embeddings spanning most known inorganic materials has remained largely unexplored due to the expert knowledge and efforts required to annotate large-scale materials data. Here we show that our self-supervised deep learning approach can successfully learn material embeddings from crystal structures of over 120 000 materials, without any annotations, to capture the structure-functionality relationships among materials. These embeddings revealed the profound similarity between materials, or ‘materials concepts’, such as cuprate superconductors and lithium-ion battery materials from the unannotated structural data. Consequently, our results enable us to both draw a large-scale map of the materials space, capturing various materials concepts, and measure the functionality-aware similarities between materials. Our findings will enable more strategic approaches to material development.
Optimal H-infinity Control Design under Model Information Limitations and State Measurement Constraints

We present a suboptimal control design algorithm for a family of continuous-time parameter-dependent linear systems that are composed of interconnected subsystems. We are interested in designing the controller for each subsystem such that it only utilizes partial state measurements (characterized by a directed graph called the control graph) and limited model parameter information (characterized by the design graph). The algorithm is based on successive local minimizations and maximizations (using the subgradients) of the $H_\infty$--norm of the closed-loop transfer function with respect to the controller gains and the system parameters. We use a vehicle platooning example to illustrate the applicability of the results.
Kiso Supernova Survey (KISS): Survey Strategy

The Kiso Supernova Survey (KISS) is a high-cadence optical wide-field supernova (SN) survey. The primary goal of the survey is to catch the very early light of a SN, during the shock breakout phase. Detection of SN shock breakouts combined with multi-band photometry obtained with other facilities would provide detailed physical information on the progenitor stars of SNe. The survey is performed using a 2.2x2. 2 deg field-of-view instrument on the 1.05-m Kiso Schmidt telescope, the Kiso Wide Field Camera (KWFC). We take a three-minute exposure in g-band once every hour in our survey, reaching magnitude g~20-21. About 100 nights of telescope time per year have been spent on the survey since April 2012. The number of the shock breakout detections is estimated to be of order of 1 during our 3-year project. This paper summarizes the KISS project including the KWFC observing setup, the survey strategy, the data reduction system, and CBET-reported SNe discovered so far by KISS.
Stability of magnetized strange quark matter in the MIT bag model with a density dependent bag pressure

The stability of magnetized strange quark matter (MSQM) is studied in the MIT bag model with the density dependent bag pressure. In the consistent thermodynamic description of MSQM, the quark chemical potentials, the total thermodynamic potential and the anisotropic pressure acquire the corresponding additional term proportional to the density derivative of the bag pressure. The model parameter space is determined, for which MSQM is absolutely stable, i.e., its energy per baryon is less than that of the most stable 56 Fe nucleus under the zero external pressure and vanishing temperature. It is shown that there exists the magnetic field strength Humax at which the upper bound B u on the asymptotic bag pressure B∞ ≡ B(B ≫ 0) (0 being the nuclear saturation density) from the absolute stability window vanishes. The value of this field, Humax ∼(1–3) · 10 18 G, represents the upper bound on the magnetic field strength, which can be reached in a strongly magnetized strange quark star. It is clarified how the absolute stability window and upper bound on the magnetic field strength are affected by varying the parameters in the Gaussian parametrization for the density dependence of the bag pressure.
A sum-shuffle formula for zeta values in Tate algebras

We prove a sum-shuffle formula for multiple zeta values in Tate algebras (in positive characteristic), introduced in \cite{PEL3}. This follows from an analog result for double twisted power sums, implying that an ${\mathbb{F}\_p$-vector space generated by multiple zeta values in Tate algebras is an ${\mathbb{F}\_p$-algebra.
Local Tropicalization

In this paper we propose a general functorial definition of the operation of local tropicalization in commutative algebra. Let R be a commutative ring, Γ a finitely generated subsemigroup of a lattice, γ : Γ → R/R a morphism of semigroups, and V(R) the topological space of valuations on R taking values in R ∪ ∞. Then we may tropicalize with respect to γ any subset W of the space of valuations V(R). By definition, we get a subset of a rational polyhedral cone canonically associated to Γ, enriched with strata at infinity. In particular, when R is a local ring, γ is a local morphism of semigroups, and W is the space of valuations which are either positive or non-negative on R, we call these processes local tropicalizations. They depend only on the ambient toroidal structure, which in turn allows to define tropicalizations of subvarieties of toroidal embeddings. We prove that with suitable hypothesis, these local tropicalizations are the supports of finite rational polyhedral fans enriched with strata at infinity and we compare the global and local tropicalizations of a subvariety of a toric variety.
Holographic f(T)-gravity model with power-law entropy correction

Using the correspondence between the $f(T)$-gravity model and the holographic dark energy model with the power-law entropy correction, we reconstruct the holographic $f(T)$-gravity model with the power-law entropy correction. We fit the model parameters by using the latest observational data including type Ia supernovae, baryon acoustic oscillations, cosmic microwave background, and Hubble parameter data. We also check the viability of our model using a cosmographic analysis approach. Using the best-fit values of the model, we obtain the evolutionary behavior of the effective torsion equation-of-state parameter of the power-law entropy-corrected holographic $f(T)$-gravity model, as well as the deceleration parameter of the Universe. We also investigate different energy conditions in our model. Furthermore, we examine the validity of the generalized second law of gravitational thermodynamics. Finally, we point out the growth rate of the matter density perturbation in our model. We conclude that in the power-law entropy-corrected holographic $f(T)$-gravity model, the Universe begins a matter-dominated phase and approaches a de Sitter regime at late times, as expected. It also can justify the transition from the quintessence state to the phantom regime in the near past, as indicated by recent observations. Moreover, this model is consistent with current data, it passes the cosmographic test, and it fits the data of the growth factor as well as the $\ensuremath{\Lambda}\mathrm{CDM}$ model.
Pressure-tuned enhancement of superconductivity and change of ground state properties inLaO0.5F0.5BiSe2single crystals

By using a hydrostatic pressure, we have successfully tuned the ground state and superconductivity in LaO0.5F0. 5BiSe2 single crystals. It is found that, with the increase of pressure, the original superconducting phase with Tc about 3.5 K can be tuned to a state with lower Tc, and then a new superconducting phase with Tc about 6.5 K emerges. Accompanied by this crossover, the ground state is switched from a semiconducting state to a metallic one. Accordingly, the normal state resistivity also shows a nonmonotonic change with the external pressure. Furthermore, by applying a magnetic field, the new superconducting state under pressure with Tc about 6.5 K is suppressed, and the normal state reveals a weak semiconducting feature again. These results illustrate a non-trivial relationship between the normal state property and superconductivity in this newly discovered superconducting system.