Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Type Equivalence Checking in Persistent Object Systems

Two common methods of determining type equivalence in programming languages and database systems are by name and by structure. In this paper we will show that both mechanisms are myopic views of the type equivalence required for persistent systems. Methods of representing schema types within a persistent store will be discussed, and two possible implementations will be given. Finally discussion and measurements of the efficiency trade-offs for both representations will be presented.
Mitogenic Regulation of p27Kip1 Gene Is Mediated by AP-1 Transcription Factors*

The abundance of cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor p27Kip1 during the cell cycle determines whether cells will proliferate or become quiescent. Although the post-translational regulation of p27Kip1 is well established, its transcriptional regulation is poorly understood. Here, we report that mitogenic stimulation of quiescent HEK293 and Huh7 cells showed a rapid decline in the levels of p27Kip1 transcript by 2.4 ± 0.1-fold. Inhibition of the p27Kip1 gene in response to mitogens involved transcriptional down-regulation and required newly synthesized protein(s). Mutation of the AP-1 element at position −469 in the human p27Kip1 promoter abrogated the effect of mitogens. The recruitment of the AP-1 complex to the p27Kip1 promoter was confirmed by in vitro DNA binding and chromatin immunoprecipitation studies. Reporter gene analysis combined with enforced expression of Jun/Fos proteins suggested the involvement of Jun/Fos heterodimer in the transrepression process. Both MAPK and phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase signaling pathways appeared to mediate p27Kip1 transcription. Furthermore, hepatitis B virus X protein-mediated down-regulation of p27Kip1 in a transgenic environment correlated with an increase in c-Fos levels, reiterating the physiological relevance of AP-1 in the transcriptional regulation of p27Kip1. Collectively, our studies present the first evidence demonstrating the role of the AP-1 complex in transcriptional down-regulation of the p27Kip1 gene following mitogenic stimulation.
Control of intracellular serine protease expression in Bacillus subtilis

Expression of the major intracellular serine protease (ISP-1) gene of Bacillus subtilis was studied by using a translational fusion plasmid in which the isp promoter region was fused to the lacZ gene. beta-Galactosidase activity, used to measure transcription from the isp promoter, was produced immediately after the end of exponential growth, whereas intracellular protease activity was not detected until 4 h later. These results are consistent with a previous suggestion that ISP-1 initially accumulates in the cell in an enzymatically inactive form. ISP-1 activity was detected in all of the sporulation-deficient strains examined, and the amount of protease activity always corresponded to the amount of beta-galactosidase activity. These results indicate that the activation of ISP-1 is not dependent on a sporulation-specific gene product. Expression of ISP-1 is regulated by a number of mutations known to affect the expression of extracellular enzymes. In sacU(h) and sacQ(h) mutants, the expression of ISP-1 was 10-fold higher than in the wild-type strain. In catA, hpr, and scoC strains, expression of ISP was stimulated two- to threefold, whereas in sacU mutants the expression of ISP-1 was reduced to less than 10% of the wild-type level. The temporal expression and activation of ISP-1 was not affected by any of these mutations. This is the first evidence that the expression of a native intracellular protein is affected by these hyperproduction mutations.
Pharmacological and Genetic Modulation of REV-ERB Activity and Expression Affects Orexigenic Gene Expression

The nuclear receptors REV-ERBα and REV-ERBβ are transcription factors that play pivotal roles in the regulation of the circadian rhythm and various metabolic processes. The circadian rhythm is an endogenous mechanism, which generates entrainable biological changes that follow a 24-hour period. It regulates a number of physiological processes, including sleep/wakeful cycles and feeding behaviors. We recently demonstrated that REV-ERB-specific small molecules affect sleep and anxiety. The orexinergic system also plays a significant role in mammalian physiology and behavior, including the regulation of sleep and food intake. Importantly, orexin genes are expressed in a circadian manner. Given these overlaps in function and circadian expression, we wanted to determine whether the REV-ERBs might regulate orexin. We found that acute in vivo modulation of REV-ERB activity, with the REV-ERB-specific synthetic ligand SR9009, affects the circadian expression of orexinergic genes in mice. Long term dosing with SR9009 also suppresses orexinergic gene expression in mice. Finally, REV-ERBβ-deficient mice present with increased orexinergic transcripts. These data suggest that the REV-ERBs may be involved in the repression of orexinergic gene expression.
Clinical and Histological Effects of the Intrathecal Administration of a Single Dose of Dexmedetomidine in Rabbits.

BACKGROUND There is experimental evidence that dexmedetomidine has neuroprotective effects. So, it could be expected that its intrathecal or epidural administration presents no harm. However, whether dexmedetomidine is neurotoxic to the spinal cord remains to be fully elucidated. OBJECTIVE To evaluate the effect of preservative-free dexmedetomidine administered as a subarachnoid single injection on the spinal cord and meninges of rabbits. STUDY DESIGN Research article. SETTING Experimental research laboratory. METHODS Twenty young adult female rabbits, each weighing between 3200 and 4900 g, and having a spine length between 36 and 40 cm, were divided by lot into 2 groups (G): 0.9% saline in G1 and preservative-free dexmedetomidine in G2 (dose of 10 µg). After intravenous anesthesia with ketamine and xylazine, the subarachnoid space was punctured at S1-S2 under ultrasound guidance, and a random 5 µl. cm-1 of spinal length (0.2 mL) of solution (saline or dexmedetomidine) was injected. The animals remained in captivity for 21 days under medical observation and were sacrificed by decapitation. The lumbosacral spinal cord portion was removed for immunohistochemistry to assess the glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP), and histology was assessed using hematoxylin and eosin (HE) stain. RESULTS None of the animals had impaired motor function or decreased nociception during the period of clinical observation. None of the animals from the control group showed signs of injuries to meninges. In the dexmedetomidine group, however, 9 animals presented with signs of meningeal injury. The main histological changes observed were areas with meningeal thickening and lymphoplasmocitary infiltration in the pia-mater and arachnoid. Further histological examination also revealed adherence areas among the pia and arachnoid. There was no signal of injury in neural tissue in any animal of both groups. LIMITATIONS Evaluation of the possible analgesic effects of the intrathecal dexmedetomidine was not performed. CONCLUSION On the basis of the present results, dexmedetomidine administered in the subarachnoid space in a single dose of 10 µg is capable of producing histological changes over the meninges of rabbits.
Punctuation Normalisation for Cleaner Treebanks and Parsers

Although punctuation is pervasive in written text, their treatment in parsers and corpora is often second-class. We examine the treatment of commas in CCGbank, a wide-coverage corpus for Combinatory Categorial Grammar (CCG), reanalysing its comma structures in order to eliminate a class of redundant rules, obtaining a more consistent treebank. We then eliminate these rules from C&C, a wide-coverage statistical CCG parser, obtaining a 37% increase in parsing speed on the standard CCGbank test set and a considerable reduction in memory consumed, without affecting parser accuracy.
An Anatomy of Power: The Social Theory of Michael Mann

Introduction: the IEMP model and its critics Ralph Schroeder Part I. Theory, Practice, Method: 2. Mann's transformation of the classic sociological traditions Randall Collins 3. Political questions John A. Hall 4. Mann's microfoundations: addressing neo-Weberian dilemmas Edgar Kiser 5. Grand yet grounded: ontology, theory and method in Mann's historical sociology Joseph Bryant Part II. Types of Power: 6. Mann's theory of ideological power: sources, applications and elaborations Philip Gorski 7. Political power un-manned: a defence of the holy trinity from Mann's military attack Gianfranco Poggi 8. Mann, the state and war John Hobson 9. Infrastructural power, economic transformation and globalization Linda Weiss Part III. European Exceptionalism? : 10. From theory to history: 'the European dynamic' or 'from Feudalism to capitalism'? Robert Brenner 11. The rise of the west Stephen Epstein 12. A historical, not comparative method: breakthroughs and limitations in the theory and methodology of Michael Mann's analysis of power Jack Goldstone Part IV. Promise and Perils of Modernity: 13. The 'British' sources of social power: reflections on history, sociology, and intellectual biography Frank Trentmann 14. Networks and ideologies: the fusion of 'is' and 'ought' as a means to social power Jack Snyder 15. Mann's dark side: linking democracy and genocide David Laitin Part V. Response: 16. The sources of power revisited: a response to criticism Michael Mann.
Chimeric Peptide Tat-HA-NR2B9c Improves Regenerative Repair after Transient Global Ischemia

Transient global ischemia (TGI) is a major public health problem, and it heightens the need of effective treatments. The present study was undertaken to investigate whether recombinant polypeptide Tat-HA-NR2B9c improves spatial learning and memory deficits in rats after TGI. Rats were subjected to 20-min ischemia induced by four-vessel occlusion (4-VO) method and daily injected with Tat-HA-NR2B9c (1.12 mg/kg) for 1 week. Tat-HA-NR2B9c increased CREB activity, upregulated B-cell lymphoma-2 (Bcl-2) expression after treated for 24 h. There was a significant increase in dendrite spine density in hippocampal CA1 region and BrdU-positive cells and BrdU/NeuN-positive cells in the dentate gyrus after Tat-HA-NR2B9c treatment, compared with ischemia group at postischemic day 28. Inhibition of the CREB activation by recombinant lentivirus, LV-CREB133-GFP, abolished the upregulation effects of Tat-HA-NR2B9c on Bcl-2 expression. Moreover, Tat-HA-NR2B9c improved the impaired spatial learning and memory ability in Morris water maze. These results suggest that Tat-HA-NR2B9c substantially ameliorated the TGI-induced loss of dendrite spine in hippocampal CA1, increased neurogenesis in dentate gyrus, and significantly improved cognitive abilities by the CREB pathway in rats after transient global cerebral ischemia. It may be served as a treatment for TGI.
On Super-Resolvability of a Scene : Partial Alias-Free Interpolation

In this paper we study the exact super-resolvability of a scene from a single observation by designing a partial alias-free interpolation scheme. We generate the unknown high frequency components of the given partially aliased, low resolution image by minimizing the total variation of the interpolant subject to the constraint that the unaliased spectral components in the low resolution observation are known precisely. This provides a mathematical basis for exact reproduction of high frequency components with probability approaching one, from their aliased observation. A numerical scheme is suggested to solve the reconstruction problem.
Monomethylarsonous acid (MMA(III)) is more toxic than arsenite in Chang human hepatocytes.

Methylation has been considered to be the primary detoxication pathway of inorganic arsenic. Inorganic arsenic is methylated by many, but not all animal species, to monomethylarsonic acid (MMA(V)), monomethylarsonous acid (MMA(III)), and dimethylarsinic acid (DMA(V)). The As(V) derivatives have been assumed to produce low toxicity, but the relative toxicity of MMA(III) remains unknown. In vitro toxicities of arsenate, arsenite, MMA(V), MMA(III), and DMA(V) were determined in Chang human hepatocytes. Leakage of lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) and intracellular potassium (K(+)) and mitochondrial metabolism of the tetrazolium salt XTT were used to assess cytotoxicity due to arsenic exposure. The mean LC50 based on LDH assays in phosphate media was 6 microM for MMA(III) and 68 microM for arsenite. Using the assay for K(+) leakage in phosphate media, the mean LC50 was 6.3 microM for MMA(III) and 19.8 microM for arsenite. The mean LC50 based on the XTT assay in phosphate media was 13.6 microM for MMA(III) and 164 microM for arsenite. The results of the three cytotoxicity assays (LDH, K(+), and XTT) reveal the following order of toxicity in Chang human hepatocytes: MMA(III) > arsenite > arsenate > MMA(V) = DMA(V). Data demonstrate that MMA(III), an intermediate in inorganic arsenic methylation, is highly toxic and again raises the question as to whether methylation of inorganic arsenic is a detoxication process.
The Coping with Asthma Study: a randomised controlled trial of a home based, nurse led psychoeducational intervention for adults at risk of adverse asthma outcomes

Background: Morbidity and mortality associated with severe asthma might be reduced by interventions that address psychosocial factors contributing to adverse outcomes. A study was undertaken to assess the effectiveness of a 6 month home based psychoeducational intervention delivered by a respiratory nurse specialist for adults at risk of adverse asthma outcomes. Methods: A pragmatic randomised controlled trial was performed in 92 adults registered with hospital or primary care asthma clinics. All had previous hospital admissions and/or were on British Thoracic Society step 4–5 treatment and had failed to attend clinic appointments or were considered to have poor adherence to other aspects of their agreed management. Patients were visited in their homes for assessment and, where appropriate, intervention. The main outcomes measured were symptom control, asthma specific quality of life, and generic health status. Results: At the 6 month primary time point there were no significant differences between usual care and intervention groups in mean symptom control, physical functioning, or mental health scores (differences (with 95% CI) −0.35 (−1.83 to 1.13), 3.10 (−11.42 to 17.63), 0.42 (−10.22 to 11.07), respectively). Small effects on asthma specific quality of life up to 12 months (e.g. adjusted difference at 12 months 0.13 (95% CI 0.02 to 0.25)) and short term effects on generic health status, which mirrored improvements in aspects of self-care observed at the end of the intensive phase of the intervention, were apparent only from fully adjusted analyses. Conclusions: A home based intervention provided by a nurse receiving psychological supervision may have effects on quality of life but is overall of limited long term benefit to adults at risk of adverse asthma outcomes.
Conceptualizing International Cluster

At the turn of the twenty-first century, scholars around the globe have breathed new life into the concept of clusters – industrial, regional, geographic, Marshallian, innovative, etc. Along with the revival of the theoretical fundamentals, researchers are prone to expand the properties and qualities of a cluster, while placing accent on various contemporary issues. The present paper suggests that the cluster concept has originated not so much as a spatial phenomenon of industrial conglomeration, but rather as a territorial (i.e. geographical) pattern of industrial networking. Thus, localization of industries and its spatial density does not represent nor explain the phenomenon of clusters per ser. Author defines clusters as networks of individual aspirations being driven by a common vision, and shaped via commonalities expressed in shared knowledge, ideology, and regional identity. Drawing on extensive literature review, the study provides a conceptual framework to a type of cluster that transcends national borders – an international cluster. DOI: 10.5901/mjss.2015. v6n3s5p11
Functionality of Immunoglobulin G and Immunoglobulin M Antibody Physisorbed on Cellulosic Films

The functionality and aging mechanism of antibodies physisorbed onto cellulosic films was investigated. Blood grouping antibodies immunoglobulin G (IgG) and immunoglobulin M (IgM) were adsorbed onto smooth cellulose acetate (CAF) and regenerated cellulose (RCF) films. Cellulose films and adsorbed IgG layers were characterized at the air and liquid interface by X-ray and neutron reflectivity (NR), respectively. Cellulose film 208 Å thick (in air) swell to 386 Å once equilibrated in water. IgG adsorbs from solution onto cellulose as a partial layer 62 Å thick. IgG and IgM antibodies were adsorbed onto cellulose and cellulose acetate films, air dried, and aged at room temperature for periods up to 20 days. Antibody functionality and surface hydrophobicity were measured everyday with the size of red blood cell (RBC) agglutinates (using RBC specific to IgG/IgM) and the water droplet contact angle, respectively. The functionality of the aged IgG/IgM decreases faster if physisorbed on cellulose than on cellulose acetate and correlates to surface hydrophobicity. IgG physisorbed on RCF or CAF age better and remain functional longer than physisorbed IgM. We found a correlation between antibody stability and hydrogen bond formation ability of the system, evaluated from antibody carbonyl concentration and cellulosic surface hydroxyl concentration. Antibody physisorbs on cellulose by weak dipole forces and hydrogen bonds. Strong hydrogen bonding contributes to the physisorption of antibody on cellulose into a non-functional configuration in which the molecule relaxes by rotation of hydophobic groups toward the air interface.
Robust Object Matching for Persistent Tracking with Heterogeneous Features

This paper addresses the problem of matching vehicles across multiple sightings under variations in illumination and camera poses. Since multiple observations of a vehicle are separated in large temporal and/or spatial gaps, thus prohibiting the use of standard frame-to-frame data association, we employ features extracted over a sequence during one time interval as a vehicle fingerprint that is used to compute the likelihood that two or more sequence observations are from the same or different vehicles. Furthermore, since our domain is aerial video tracking, in order to deal with poor image quality and large resolution and quality variations, our approach employs robust alignment and match measures for different stages of vehicle matching. Most notably, we employ a heterogeneous collection of features such as lines, points, and regions in an integrated matching framework. Heterogeneous features are shown to be important. Line and point features provide accurate localization and are employed for robust alignment across disparate views. The challenges of change in pose, aspect, and appearances across two disparate observations are handled by combining a novel feature-based quasi-rigid alignment with flexible matching between two or more sequences. However, since lines and points are relatively sparse, they are not adequate to delineate the object and provide a comprehensive matching set that covers the complete object. Region features provide a high degree of coverage and are employed for continuous frames to provide a delineation of the vehicle region for subsequent generation of a match measure. Our approach reliably delineates objects by representing regions as robust blob features and matching multiple regions to multiple regions using earth mover's distance (EMD). Extensive experimentation under a variety of real-world scenarios and over hundreds of thousands of confirmatory identification (CID) trails has demonstrated about 95 percent accuracy in vehicle reacquisition with both visible and infrared (IR) imaging cameras
The Reliability of Child-Friendly Race-Attitude Implicit Association Tests

Implicit attitudes are evaluations that are made automatically, unconsciously, unintentionally, or without conscious and deliberative processing (Nosek et al., 2007; Gawronski and De Houwer, 2014). For the last two decades implicit measures have been developed and used to assess people’s attitudes and social cognition, with the most widely used measure being the Implicit Association Test (IAT; Greenwald et al., 2003). This measure has been used extensively to assess racial biases and a number of studies have examined the reliability of the IAT when administered to adults (Cunningham et al., 2001; Gawronski, 2002; Greenwald et al., 2003; Nosek et al., 2005; Nosek and Smyth, 2007; Bar-Anan and Nosek, 2014). In recent years, the IAT has also been modified for use with children. Despite the potential of this measure to provide insight into the early emergence of implicit racial attitudes, little is known about the psychometric properties of these modified child-friendly IATs (Child-IATs). In the current research we examined the internal consistency of race-attitude Child-IATs when either reduced (Study 1) or traditional-length (Study 2) versions were administered to children (Studies 1 and 2) and adults (Study 2). We also examined the test–retest reliability of this measure with both child and adult participants (Study 2). We found that these measures demonstrate an internal consistency comparable to what has been seen in previous research with adults. In addition, the internal consistency of traditional-length Child-IATs completed in succession depended on the order in which they were completed; the first Child-IAT demonstrated higher internal consistency than the second for both children and adults (Study 2). Finally, we provide the first evidence that the test–retest reliability of the Child-IAT is comparable to what has been found previously with adults (Study 2). The implications of these findings for future research examining children’s implicit social cognition are discussed.
Attribute-based Access Control with Dynamic Trust in a Hybrid Cloud Computing Environment

Cloud computing technology has become another revolution of information technology after the Internet due to their advantages of dynamic extensions, on-demand services, and charging by volume. The hybrid cloud, as a kind of the cloud computing, has broad application prospects, it is of great significance to information construction of our country. In order to improve scalability and to restrain cheating of resource sharing this paper proposed an attribute-based access control with dynamic trust (DT-ABAC) according to the characteristics of hybrid cloud computing environment. In the access control model, access request is described by the subject attribute, resource attribute, permission attribute, environmental and trust attributes, and access decision is based on the attribute information of the access request with the dynamic and fine-grained authorization mechanism, and the model has the better flexibility and scalability. At the same time, the model extends the trust attribute, and we research in some detail the related algorithms of the trust attribute to reach the aim of enhancing the scalability of resource sharing and preventing fraud. Finally, the simulation experiments show that the proposed model can achieve access control effectively and has better performance.