Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Spiritual Experiences of Patients in the Cancer Trajectory: A Content Analysis

Background Introduction: Patients with cancer as a life-threatening illness have needs in various dimensions. One of the most crucial dimension is spiritually. The present study was conducted to elucidate the spiritual needs of patients with cancer. Methods A qualitative approach involving face to face semi-structured interviews conducted in Arak city, Iran. In total, 24 participants were recruited through purposive sampling. All interviews were recorded and transcribed verbatim. The data were analyzed using content analysis. Results Patients' experiences of spirituality were classified into four themes, including spiritual needs (need to be in nature, need to communicate with others, need to perform religious practices, need for solitude and reflections, need to trust and security), strategies to address spiritual needs (physical activity, achieving inner peace, communication with the nurse or physician, doing dhikr (Zikr) and pray, reading the religious book and texts, making vows, paying attention to and loving others), reasons for not using spiritual resources (lack of belief in the healing powers of praying, believing in a better life after death), and impacts of spiritual beliefs (hope of Life, belief in divine destiny, trusting in God's support, accepting the divine test). Conclusion Exploring the experiences, perceptions, and spiritual needs of cancer patients is of great importance in providing spiritual care as one of the critical aspects of holistic care. Nurses should be educated for assessing spiritual needs of patients to provide spiritual care.
Above 2-μm emitting GaSb-based semiconductor disk laser with <100-kHz linewidth at 1000-mW output power

In this paper we report on the development of narrow-linewidth vertical-external-cavity surface-emitting laser (VECSEL) at a wavelength of >2 μm. Starting from a laboratory setup, we designed a highly stable VECSEL module machined from a solid block of aluminum. For linewidth precise measurements, heterodyne beatnote measurements were employed. For this firstgeneration module a linewidth of 9 kHz was achieved when actively stabilizing the laser wavelength, whereas without stabilization the linewidth amounted to 45 kHz at an output power of 100 mW, both data referring to a 100-μs sampling time. To further increase the output power, a second-generation module was fabricated, for which the on-chip mode diameter was increased. This allowed operation at a larger pump-spot diameter and still maintaining TEM00 operation, while increasing the maximum pump power and hence the output power. This module yielded an output power above 1 W in single-mode operation at a linewidth of 60 kHz (100 μs sampling time) without active wavelength stabilization. Modehop-free single-mode operation could be maintained for more than 18 hours. This new multiple-Watt, narrow-linewidth VECSEL module is apt for plane-to-ground communications without the necessity of amplifiers.
Effects of Portulaca oleracea L. (purslane) on the metabolic syndrome: A review

Metabolic syndrome (MetS) is defined as a disorder with multiple abnormalities, including obesity, high blood pressure, dyslipidemia, and high blood glucose. MetS is the best-known risk factor for type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), cardiovascular disease (CVD), and obesity. With the globally increasing prevalence of MetS and its related abnormalities, attention to safe and effective prevention and treatment of this complex disorder has been increased. In particular, most treatments have been devoted to using natural agents that could provide more reliable and effective medicinal products with fewer side effects. Portulaca oleracea L. (purslane) is an herb whose therapeutic properties could be found in some ancient medical books. Purslane has shown analgesic, antispasmodic, skeletal muscle relaxant, bronchodilator, antiasthmatic, anti-inflammatory, antiseptic, diuretic, antibacterial, antipyretic, and wound-healing properties. In addition, purslane’s hypoglycemic and hypolipidemic properties have been reported in different studies. The positive effects of this plant include reducing stress oxidative and inflammation along with the atherogenic index, improving insulin level and glucose uptake, decreasing lipid profiles, and ameliorating weight gain. These activities could reduce MetS complications. This review aims to provide a comprehensive overview of various in vitro, animal, and human studies regarding the effect of Portulaca oleracea on metabolic syndrome to better understand the underlying mechanisms of action for designing more effective treatments.
TLR4‐IN‐C34 protects against acute kidney injury via modulating TLR4/MyD88/NF-κb axis, MAPK, and apoptosis

Objective(s): Acute kidney injury (AKI) is a major component of isoproterenol (ISO) induced cardiorenal syndrome. In this study, we investigated the effect of TLR4‐IN‐C34 as a toll-like receptor (TLR)-4 inhibitor on ameliorating ISO-induced AKI and the possible molecular underlying pathways. Materials and Methods: The study included 4 groups: control group, ISO group (rats received 100 mg/kg ISO in 2 doses 24 hr apart, SC), ISO+C341 and ISO+C343 groups (rats received 1 or 3 mg/kg TLR4‐IN‐C34 respectively twice one hour before each ISO injection, IP). Results: Obtained results showed that TLR4‐IN‐C34 injection prior to ISO decreased serum creatinine level (P<0.05). Renal tissue histopathologic changes were markedly decreased by TLR4‐IN‐C34. Renal relative expression of MAPK and MyD88 mRNA decreased significantly in both ISO+C341 and ISO+C343 groups compared with the ISO group (P<0.05). Furthermore, TLR-IN-C34 lowered the inflammatory cytokines IL-8, IL-1β, and IL-12 renal levels (P<0.05). Immunostained kidney sections showed a marked decrease in NF-κb positive cells in addition to the apoptotic marker Bax (P<0.05) by the two tested doses of TLR4‐IN‐C34. On the other hand, the expression of the antiapoptotic marker Bcl-2 by renal cells was markedly increased. Conclusion: It can be concluded that TLR4-IN-C34 ameliorates ISO-induced AKI through anti-inflammatory anti-apoptotic effects and modulation of TLR4 signaling pathways.
Increasing yield of in vitro transcription reaction with at‐line high pressure liquid chromatography monitoring

The COVID‐19 pandemic triggered an unprecedented rate of development of messenger ribonucleic acid (mRNA) vaccines, which are produced by in vitro transcription reactions. The latter has been the focus of intense development to increase productivity and decrease cost. Optimization of in vitro transcription (IVT) depends on understanding the impact of individual reagents on the kinetics of mRNA production and the consumption of building blocks, which is hampered by slow, low‐throughput, end‐point analytics. We implemented a workflow based on rapid at‐line high pressure liquid chromatography (HPLC) monitoring of consumption of nucleoside triphosphates (NTPs) with concomitant production of mRNA, with a sub‐3 min read‐out, allowing for adjustment of IVT reaction parameters with minimal time lag. IVT was converted to fed‐batch resulting in doubling the reaction yield compared to batch IVT protocol, reaching 10 mg/ml for multiple constructs. When coupled with exonuclease digestion, HPLC analytics for quantification of mRNA was extended to monitoring capping efficiency of produced mRNA. When HPLC monitoring was applied to production of an anti‐reverse cap analog (ARCA)‐capped mRNA construct, which requires an approximate 4:1 ARCA:guanidine triphosphate ratio, the optimized fed‐batch approach achieved productivity of 9 mg/ml with 79% capping. The study provides a methodological platform for optimization of factors influencing IVT reactions, converting the reaction from batch to fed‐batch mode, determining reaction kinetics, which are critical for optimization of continuous addition of reagents, thus in principle enabling continuous manufacturing of mRNA.
A disordered Rubik's cube-inspired framework for sodium-ion batteries with ultralong cycle lifespan.

Sodium-ion batteries (SIBs) with fast-charge capability and long lifespan could be applied in various sustainable energy storage systems, from personal devices to grid storage. Multi-metallic hexacyanoferrate (HCF) nanoclusters offer tailorable and unique chemistries and crystal structures that hold great potential in a virtually unlimited compositional space, leading to unexpected properties and interesting novelty in a wide variety of applications such as cathode materials for SIBs. Inspired by the disordered Rubik's cube, here, we report that the high-entropy (HE) concept can lead to a very substantial improvement in the sodium storage properties of HCF. An example of HE-HCF with the formula of Na1.41Mn0. 32Fe0.11Co0. 28Ni0.32Cu0. 32[Fe(CN)6]×2.89H2O has been synthesized as a proof of concept, which has achieved impressive cycling stability (~ 95% capacity retention after 10,000 cycles and 79.2% after 50,000 cycles) and an outstanding fast-charging capability up to 75 C. Remarkable air stability and all-climate performance are observed. Its quasi-zero-strain reaction mechanism and high sodium diffusion coefficient have been measured and analyzed by multiple in-situ techniques and density functional theory calculations. This strategy provides new insights into the development of advanced electrode materials and provides the opportunity to tune electrochemical performance by tailoring the atomic composition.
Enhancing outcoupling efficiency of indium-tin-oxide-free organic light-emitting diodes via nanostructured high index layers

We fabricated organic light-emitting diodes with one-dimensional Bragg gratings as light extraction elements for substrate and waveguide modes. A Ta2O5 layer was introduced to obtain a high refractive index contrast to the subsequent anode layer. As anode we employed a highly conductive polymer. Laser interference lithography and physical plasma etching were used to pattern gratings into the Ta2O5 layer with a lattice constant of 370 nm and various grating depths. Mainly attributed to the outcoupling of the substrate modes, the structured devices exhibit a luminous flux which is up to four times higher compared to the unstructured reference devices.
Dysbiotic but nonpathogenic shift in the fecal mycobiota of patients with rheumatoid arthritis

ABSTRACT Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is closely associated with the oral and gut microbiomes. Fungal cell wall components initiate inflammatory arthritis in mouse models. However, little is known regarding the role of the fungal community in the pathogenesis of RA. To evaluate the association between RA and the gut microbiome, investigations of bacterial and fungal communities in patients with RA are necessary. Therefore, we investigated the compositions and associations of fecal bacterial and fungal communities in 30 healthy controls and 99 patients with RA. The relative abundances of Bifidobacterium and Blautia decreased, whereas the relative abundance of Streptococcus increased, in patients with RA. The relative abundance of Candida in the fecal fungal community was higher in patients with RA than in healthy controls, while the relative abundance of Aspergillus was higher in healthy controls than in patients with RA. Candida species-specific gene amplification showed that C. albicans was the most abundant species of Candida. Ordination analysis and random forest classification models supported the findings of structural changes in bacterial and fungal communities. Aspergillus was the core fecal fungal genus in healthy controls, although Saccharomyces spp. are typically predominant in Western cohorts. In addition, bacterial–fungal association analyses showed that the hub node had shifted from fungi to bacteria in patients with RA. The finding of fungal dysbiosis in patients with RA suggests that fungi play critical roles in the fecal microbial communities and pathogenesis of RA.
The best game in town: The reemergence of the language-of-thought hypothesis across the cognitive sciences

Abstract Mental representations remain the central posits of psychology after many decades of scrutiny. However, there is no consensus about the representational format(s) of biological cognition. This paper provides a survey of evidence from computational cognitive psychology, perceptual psychology, developmental psychology, comparative psychology, and social psychology, and concludes that one type of format that routinely crops up is the language-of-thought (LoT). We outline six core properties of LoTs: (i) discrete constituents; (ii) role-filler independence; (iii) predicate–argument structure; (iv) logical operators; (v) inferential promiscuity; and (vi) abstract content. These properties cluster together throughout cognitive science. Bayesian computational modeling, compositional features of object perception, complex infant and animal reasoning, and automatic, intuitive cognition in adults all implicate LoT-like structures. Instead of regarding LoT as a relic of the previous century, researchers in cognitive science and philosophy-of-mind must take seriously the explanatory breadth of LoT-based architectures. We grant that the mind may harbor many formats and architectures, including iconic and associative structures as well as deep-neural-network-like architectures. However, as computational/representational approaches to the mind continue to advance, classical compositional symbolic structures – that is, LoTs – only prove more flexible and well-supported over time.
New features of electron diffusion regions observed at subsolar magnetic field reconnection sites

Nineteen electron diffusion regions at magnetic field reconnection sites have been found in one hour of Cluster satellite data near the subsolar magnetopause. Investigations on previously unachieved spatial and temporal scales show the following for the first time: direct conversion of magnetic energy to electron energy (The resulting accelerated electrons, their field‐aligned currents, and their post‐acceleration fate were measured); the spatial dimensions of the large electric fields in the electron diffusion regions have an average thickness of 0.3 times the electron skin depth, in agreement with theory; and these electron diffusion regions were topological boundaries between open and closed magnetic field geometries that contained different plasma and magnetic field line flows. The electron diffusion regions were located at the magnetospheric separatrix where the magnetic field was large and the electron beta was less than one.
Die Pathologie

The overexpression of HER2 in breast cancer is a classic example for molecular targeted therapy, and it has been shown that classical anti-HER2 therapeutics were only eﬀective in patients with HER2 overexpressing tumors. Therefore, in recent decades, pathologists have been focused on the reliable identiﬁcation of HER2 overexpressing tumors. Based on the results of recent clinical trials in metastatic breast cancer with antibody-drug conjugates (ADCs), this diagnostic strategy for evaluation ofHER2 is currently changing. It has been shown that the ADC trastuzumab-deruxtecan is eﬀective not only against tumors with classical HER2 overexpression, but also against HER2-low tumors. These clinical trial results lead to a paradigm shift in the treatment of patients whose tumours were previously classiﬁed as HER2 negative. In addition to the identiﬁcation of HER2 (score 3+) overexpressing tumors, it is necessary to identify HER2-low expressing tumors (deﬁned as an immunohistochemistry (IHC) score of 1+ or IHC2+ with negative in situ hybridization). Due to the therapeutic consequences, it is important to quickly adapt the diagnostic workup and reporting to the new requirements. In addition, the new therapeutic options for anti-HER2 therapy lead to new challenges for standardization as well as to new scientiﬁc questions for the characterization of tumors with low HER2 expression.
Insight into instabilities in burning droplets

The complex multiscale physics of nano-particle laden functional droplets in a reacting environment is of fundamental and applied significance for a wide variety of applications ranging from thermal sprays to pharmaceutics to modern day combustors using new brands of bio-fuels. Formation of homogenous nucleated bubbles at the superheat limit inside vaporizing droplets (with or without nanoparticles) represents an unstable system. Here we show that self-induced boiling in burning functional pendant droplets can produce severe volumetric shape oscillations. Internal pressure build-up due to ebullition activity ejects bubbles from the droplet domain causing undulations on the droplet surface and oscillations in bulk. Through experiments, we establish that the degree of droplet deformation depends on the frequency and intensity of these bubble expulsion events. In a distinct regime of single isolated bubble residing in the droplet, however, pre-ejection transient time is identified by Darrieus-Landau evaporative instability, where bubble-droplet system behaves as a synchronized driver-driven system with bulk bubble-shape oscillations being imposed on the droplet. The agglomeration of nanophase additives modulates the flow structures within the droplet and also influences the bubble inception and growth leading to different levels of instabilities. (C) 2014 AIP Publishing LLC.
Occupational safety knowledge management in Slovenia, Croatia and Serbia

This article elaborates the characteristics of knowledge management in the context of occupational safety and presents the results of research based on the assumption that there is a link between knowledge management and occupational safety performance, and that knowledge management can help in improving occupational safety performance. The research involved 645 occupational safety experts from three Balkan countries (Slovenia, Croatia and Serbia). The results showed that the knowledge management in the organization is related to all of the observed aspects of occupational safety performance: number of work-related injuries within the organization; number of lost working days due to injuries; costs caused by work-related injuries and occupational diseases; financial investments in occupational safety; assessment of the state of occupational safety. The practical implications of the article can be seen in the context of meeting the educational needs for continuous learning and improvement of knowledge/lifelong learning in the field of occupational safety.
Novel Definition of Cost Function for Camera Calibration using Vanishing Point Theorem

Camera calibration is the process of determining the internal camera parameters and optical characteristics (intrinsic parameters). It also determines the relation between the two dimensional (2D) image and the corresponding three dimensional (3D) real points. Intrinsic camera parameters include: Focal Length, Principal Point, and Lens Distortion. In this paper, for estimating the intrinsic camera parameters, a simple and novel cost function is proposed based on the spatial geometry principles. Minimizing the proposed cost function, results in an accurate and simultaneous estimation of intrinsic camera parameters. Nonlinear Programming is used as the optimization method and the result shows the effectiveness of our proposed method.
Status of ArgoNeuT, a study of v-interactions using a Liquid Argon TPC in the NuMI beam at Fermilab

The Liquid Argon Time Projection Chamber (LArTPC) technology is a leading candidate for a 100-kiloton class detector for electron neutrino appearance in a long-baseline muon-neutrino beam and for nucleon decay within the stable Argon nucleus, both with excellent efficiency and background rejection. The US has taken its first steps toward development of the technology by constructing and operating small LArTPC detectors, the latest being the ¼-ton detector of the ArgoNeuT collaboration. In a recent 6-month run in the low-energy configuration of the NuMI neutrino beam at Fermilab, the collaboration recorded a large sample of neutrino events. This paper reports on the characteristics of that data, the preliminary steps to reduce the data to a sample of neutrino-induced events, and a description of an event consistent with a charged current quasi-elastic electron-neutrino interaction.
Typical Drinking, Sensation Seeking, and Alcohol Expectancies Regarding Sexual Coercion as Predictors of Coercive Condom Use Resistance Perpetration

Although condoms are effective at preventing sexually transmitted infections (STIs) and unwanted pregnancies, condom use resistance (CUR) remains prominent. In particular, coercive CUR, or the use of coercive tactics to resist condom use with a partner who wants to use one, comprises a unique combination of sexual aggression and risky sexual behaviors, making it especially problematic. The present study sought to examine the relationship between coercive CUR and a variety of factors associated with both sexual aggression and risky sexual behaviors (e.g., typical alcohol consumption, alcohol expectancies regarding sexual aggression, and sensation seeking) to determine whether such factors may also contribute to the etiology of coercive CUR. To do so, a nationwide study of 102 young, heterosexual men who had previously perpetrated coercive CUR were recruited to complete an online, cross-sectional survey. Data were analyzed using a hierarchical linear regression model, which showed that alcohol expectancies regarding sexual coercion and sensation seeking moderated the relationship between typical drinking quantity and previous coercive CUR perpetration, such that typical drinking was positively associated with coercive CUR among men who reported greater sensation seeking and alcohol expectancies regarding sexual coercion. However, among men who were low in one or both of these factors, typical drinking was not associated with coercive CUR. These results suggest that typical drinking, alcohol expectancies, and sensation seeking may all be important to the etiology of coercive CUR, and that a reduction in one or more may be sufficient to reduce the likelihood of coercive CUR perpetration. Future research should confirm these findings using experimental and/or longitudinal methodologies and seek to develop intervention programs targeting typical alcohol use, alcohol expectancies related to sexual coercion, and sensation seeking in young men.