Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
A comparison of self‐report and discrepancy measures of camouflaging: Exploring sex differences in diagnosed autistic versus high autistic trait young adults

Camouflaging describes masking or compensating for autistic traits and/or related difficulties. Some evidence suggests autistic females camouflage more than autistic males, potentially contributing to delayed or missed diagnosis. Studies predominantly adopt self‐report measures of camouflaging, potentially reflecting a person's intent to camouflage without accurately measuring effectiveness (i.e., success in fulfilling the intended effect of minimizing the appearance of autistic traits) of camouflaging. Discrepancy scores between underlying cognitive difficulties (e.g., theory of mind) and observed autistic traits (henceforth camoToM), or between self‐reported autistic traits and observed autistic traits (henceforth camoSRS), may provide a more accurate measure of camouflaging effectiveness. Three measures of camouflaging administered to autistic males (n = 46) and females (n = 40), and adults with equally high levels of autistic traits but no diagnosis (n = 45 males, n = 43 females) recruited from a large population‐based sample were compared. Self‐report measures of camouflaging were significantly correlated with camoSRS scores only. Both discrepancy scores were correlated with each other. Adults with high autistic traits, but no diagnosis, had higher discrepancy camouflaging scores than diagnosed adults, but self‐reported scores were similar. Diagnosed females scored higher than diagnosed males across all camouflaging measures, but no sex difference occurred in the high trait group. This might indicate that autistic females have higher intentions and greater effectiveness when camouflaging, compared with autistic males. For camoSRS only, high trait males scored significantly higher than diagnosed males; no group difference occurred for females. These results suggest that, despite all participants intending to camouflage to some extent, effective camouflaging as measured by discrepancy scores is higher in undiagnosed high autistic trait individuals. One interpretation is that effective camouflaging reduces the likelihood of autism diagnosis in males and females with high autistic traits.
The composite-spectrum binary hypothesis does not explain the λ Bootis stars

The existence of the λ Boo type as a class of chemically-peculiar stars in its own right has taxed numerous researchers, and has challenged spectroscopists to produce a model which is plausible, comprehensive and predictive. Stars which are recognized as members of the λ Boo class have late-B to early-F spectral types, and exhibit (often substantially) low abundances of Fe-peak elements although elements such as C, N, O and S may have more nearly solar abundances. Since less than 2% of objects within the relevant spectral-type domain appear to be λ Boo stars their existence has demanded rather special conditions, and has triggered opinion that this group may not in fact exist but that each case can be explained as an unrecognized binary. In this paper we examine those claims by monitoring 10 stars, listed in the literature as possible λ Boo stars but said to be “likely candidates” for composite-spectrum binaries, by employing high-dispersion spectroscopy in an intermittent observing programme designed to reveal the sort of line-profile changes that should be detectable if each object were really a pair of similar stars in an SB2 system. We also monitor two other stars: HR 7903, said to be a binary (but is more like an Ap star), and λ Boo itself. The sample includes 1 possible, 1 marginal and 4 definite λ Boo classifications. In addition, we derive the physical properties of the 12 stars by photometric and spectroscopic synthesis, and measure their radial velocities. Three of the sample show small line-profile variations, but not of the sort that can be attributed to the presence of a companion star; they are the suspected Ap star HR 7903, HR 6878 (which exhibits spectrum peculiarities very similar to those of HR 7903 but has not previously been classified as Bp or Ap), and λ Aql, whose rapid spectrum variations resemble those observed in spotted or CP stars. None of the stars shows any evidence to suggest that it could be a composite-spectrum binary.
Membrane imaging by second-harmonic generation microscopy

We present a detailed analysis of the generation of second-harmonic radiation from biological membranes labeled with a styryl dye. In particular, we consider the high-numerical-aperture limit appropriate to high-resolution microscopy in which an excitation beam is tightly focused from the side onto a membrane surface. In this limit the active surface area that contributes to second-harmonic generation (SHG) depends only on the tightness of the beam focus and the SHG radiation is confined by phase matching into two well-defined off-axis lobes. We derive expressions for the SHG radiation power, angular distribution, and polarization dependence in the cases of ideal or nonideal molecular alignment in the membrane and uniaxiality of the molecular hyperpolarizability. We define an SHG cross section similar to that used in two-photon-excited fluorescence (TPEF) to permit direct comparison of the two imaging modalities. Finally, we corroborate our results with experiments based on the excitation of a styryl dye in giant unilamellar vesicles with a mode-locked Ti:sapphire laser.
Equivalence tests before end of follow-up under the class of log transformation model

ABSTRACT One important topic in clinical trials is to show that the effects of new and standard treatments are equivalent in terms of clinical relevance. In literature, many equivalence tests based on the maximal difference between two survival functions for the two treatments over the whole time axis have been proposed. However, since survival times can only be observed until the end of follow-up, an equivalence test should be based on a comparison only in the observed time-window dictated by the end of follow-up. In this article, under the class of log transformation model, we propose an asymptotical -level equivalence test for the difference between two survival functions that only addresses equivalence until the end of follow-up. We demonstrate that the hypothesis of equivalence of two survival functions before the end of follow-up can be formulated as interval-based hypothesis testing which involves the treatment effect parameter. Simulation results indicate that when sample size is sufficiently large the proposed test controls the type I error effectively and performs well at detecting the equivalence. The proposed test is applied to a dataset from veteran’s administration lung cancer trial.
A multimesh adaptive scheme for air quality modeling with the finite element method

A multimesh adaptive scheme for convection–diffusion–reaction problems for a large number of components is presented. The problem is solved by splitting transport and reaction processes. This way, the evaluation of the nonreactive part for each component and the reaction at each node constitute independent tasks. This allows to discretize each component of the solution on a distinct computational mesh, adapted on the basis of its error indicator. The standard single‐mesh strategy is used for comparison. Simulations of a point emission in a 3D domain are presented. Low remeshing periods of the adaptive scheme are found to be optimal, in terms of computational cost and accuracy, for the nonreactive problem. Examples with several reaction terms, with an increase of the complexity, are then presented. Results show that the accuracy of single‐mesh and multimesh strategies are similar. Instead, the computational cost of the multimesh strategy is lower than the single‐mesh in the majority of the examples; this process is controlled by the stiff behavior of the reactive term. The problem size of the multimesh scheme is much lower, and therefore, larger spatial discretizations can be simulated for a given available memory. The efficiency of the multimesh strategy increases with the number of species and the number of species that develop a plume. Finally, an example of a punctual emission considering realistic values of the initial concentrations and using the Community Multiscale Air Quality‐CBO5 reaction model, which involves 62 components, is presented; the small‐scale structure of the different nitrogen components near the emitter is captured. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Age at Menarche, Growth Velocity, and Adiposity Indices in Italian Girls Aged 10 to 14

Age at menarche (AAM) is an effective marker of puberty timing but its onset could be influenced by several intrinsic and extrinsic factors. This study aimed to assess the AAM in a sample of Italian adolescents and to investigate its association with anthropometric variables. Considering the rise in overweight/obesity worldwide, special attention was paid to a possible decrease in AAM as adiposity indices increase. A longitudinal study was carried out on 117 middle school girls in Northern Italy. Data concerning menarche and anthropometric traits (standing and sitting height, weight, waist circumference, and skinfold thicknesses) were directly collected. Lower limb length and indices of adiposity and growth were calculated. The median AAM was 11.66 (95% IC: 11.31–11.68). Age-adjusted ANCOVA between mature and non-mature girls showed significant differences in growth-related traits and WHtR. No preponderance of overweight/obesity among mature participants was found. AAM was not significantly associated with weight or the growth velocity of adiposity indices in a subsample of maturers. Moreover, the median AAM of our sample was similar to that found in women born about 60 years ago in the same region. In conclusion, in addition to a stabilization of AAM since the 1960s, our results suggest that there is no significant correlation between increased adiposity and early AAM.
Estimate the Precision of Defects Based on Reports Duplication in Crowdsourced Testing

When analyzing the defects of crowdsourced testing, the testing reports need to be preprocessed, including removing duplicate and false positives. At present, most crowdsourced testing research focuses on duplication of the reports, which has achieved high precision. However, studies on reducing false positives of defects have rarely been conducted. Starting from the duplication of defects in the reports, this paper discusses the relationship between the duplication and the precision of defects and proposes an estimation approach based on the defect distribution in historical crowdsourced testing projects. Experiments have shown that our approach can provide a priori knowledge of defects and exhibits good stability. We applied this approach to the defect population estimation of crowdsourced testing. With better experimental results, our improved model is more accurate than the original model. We attempt to apply it to the estimation of the defect population of crowdsourced testing, which is more accurate than the original model.
A Review of Circularly Polarized Dielectric Resonator Antennas: Recent Developments and Applications

A comprehensive review on recent developments and applications of circularly polarized (CP) dielectric resonator antennas (DRAs) is proposed in this paper. DRAs have received more considerations in various applications due to their advantages such as wide bandwidth, high gain, high efficiency, low losses, and low profile. A broad justification for circular polarization and DRAs is stated at the beginning of the review. Various techniques such as single feed, dual, or multiple feeds used by different researchers for generating circular polarization in DRAs are briefly studied in this paper. Multiple-input-multiple-output (MIMO) CP DRAs, which can increase channel capacity, link reliability, and data rate, have also been analyzed. Additionally, innovative design solutions for broadening the circular polarization bandwidth and reducing mutual coupling are studied. Several applications of DRA are also discussed comprehensively. This paper finishes with concluding remarks.
Tuning of direct current bias-induced resonances in micromachined Ba0.3Sr0.7TiO3 thin-film capacitors

Direct current (dc) bias-induced acoustic resonance phenomena have been observed in micromachined tunable thin-film capacitors based on paraelectric Ba0.3Sr0. 7TiO3 thin films. Both resonance and antiresonance frequencies are dc bias dependent. The antiresonance frequency is only weakly dc bias dependent and shifts slightly down with increasing dc bias. The resonance frequency shows a much stronger dependence on the applied dc bias than the antiresonance frequency, and also shifts down to lower frequencies with increasing bias. The resonance frequency shifted by 2.0% for a frequency of about 3 GHz and an applied field of 730 KV/cm. At the same time the effective electromechanical coupling constant kt,eff2 increased up to 3.6%. The tuning of the resonance frequency depends on the tunability of the film permittivity and on the mechanical load on the piezoactive layer. The constitutive equations controlling the tuning of the resonance and antiresonance frequency were derived from the Landau theory using the P.
Search for supersymmetry using razor variables in events with b-tagged jets in pp collisions at sqrt(s) = 8 TeV

An inclusive search for supersymmetry in events with at least one b-tagged jet is performed using proton-proton collision data collected by the CMS experiment in 2012 at a center-of-mass energy of 8 TeV. The data set size corresponds to an integrated luminosity of 19.3 fb^(−1). The two-dimensional distribution of the razor variables R^2 and M _R is studied in events with and without leptons. The data are found to be consistent with the expected background, which is modeled with an empirical function. Exclusion limits on supersymmetric particle masses at a 95% confidence level are derived in several simplified supersymmetric scenarios for several choices of the branching fractions. By combining the likelihoods of a search in events without leptons and a search that requires a single lepton (electron or muon), an improved bound on the top-squark mass is obtained. Assuming the lightest supersymmetric particle to be stable and weakly interacting, and to have a mass of 100 GeV, the branching-fraction-dependent (-independent) production of gluinos is excluded for gluino masses up to 1310 (1175) GeV. The corresponding limit for top-squark pair production is 730 (645) GeV.
Neutral gas in the central 2 parsecs of the Galaxy

We have mapped the 1.1 mm HCN J=3→2 line with IRAM 30 m telescope at 12″ resolution and the 63 μm [O I] 3 P 1 → 3 P 2 line with the Kuiper Airborne Observatory at 20″ resolution within a projected distance of 2 pc of IRS 16/SgrA * . The HCN J=3→2 data, together with the previous HCN J=1→0 data of Gusten et al., indicate that the circumnuclear molecular material is arranged in several kinematically distinct streamers
Studying the Effect of Fatigue and Sleepiness of Long-Haul Truck Drivers on Road Accidents by Adopting Structural Equation Models Analysis

The significant increase in transportation and heavy vehicle traffic has caused freeway routes with heavy traffic to face a decrease in safety levels. Furthermore, fatigue and sleepiness are proven to be two of the main reasons of road accidents, and therefore focus on these issues is crucial. Factors such as “use of engineering (safety) technology for road transport”, “informing the drivers on various educational methods”, “controlling the drivers’ work hours”, “use of different routes (alignment inconsistency)” and “observing the drivers’ mental health” should be approached to reduce the accidents caused by fatigue and sleepiness. Given the complex interrelationships between these variables and the number of road accidents, structural equation modelling has been used in this study to estimate the effect and relationships between multiple variables. Data were collected during a 5-month period by interviewing heavy vehicle drivers (2765 filled-out questionnaires). The Confirmatory Factor Analysis (CFA) has also been used to ascertain the validity of the questionnaires. The mentioned factors affecting the drivers’ fatigue were analyzed using SPSS 24.0 package, which allowed ascertaining that the drivers’ mental health is the factor of greater influence on road accidents caused by fatigue and drowsiness. Therefore, actions to improve the drivers’ mental and emotional health (by improving the currently used engineering (safety) technology and alignment inconsistency) should be enhanced rather than excessive controls on the drivers’ work hours by using GPS, work papers and inspections.
Synthesis, characterization, computational studies and in vitro antiparasitic activity of novel flavanoidal-1,2,4,5-tetrazinane-6′-thione

Abstract Keeping in view the growing resistance of conventional antiparasitic drugs, this study aimed to synthesize a series of six noble flavanoidal tetrazinane-6′-thione derivatives by employing a facile one pot reaction pathway. Structural characterizations of synthesized compounds were performed by using IR, 1HNMR, 13CNMR and LC-MS spectra. Molecular docking study showed that one of the newly synthesized compounds strongly bind with the amino residues of BSA with two hydrogen bonding interactions. Physiological properties, pharmacokinetic properties (ADME) and toxicity of all synthesized compounds was carried out using Molinspiration and pkCSM softwares. DFT calculations were performed for all synthesized compounds using B3LYP method to obtain various molecular properties. Using a previously established model for parasitic infections, Clinostomum complanatum we showed that the newly synthesized compounds have a very potent parasitic activity. To elucidate the possible mechanisms, we tested the exposed parasites and observed a perturbation in lipid peroxidation and the antioxidant enzyme superoxide dismutase. Implications of this are discussed in the light of development of these molecules as antiparasitic drugs. HIGHLIGHTS Six noble flavanoidal-1,2,4,5-tetrazinane-6′-thiones (7–12) were synthesized using flavanone derivatives and thiocarbohydrazide in acetic acid as a reagent in ethanol employing one-pot synthesis. Structural characterization of synthesized compounds was done using IR, 1HNMR, 13CNMR and LC-MS spectra. Physicochemical analysis determined that all synthesized compounds are efficiently absorbed and have good permeability. In silico ADME and Toxic properties were determined for all synthesized compounds. In vitro antiparasitic activity was performed for all synthesized compounds against Clinostomum complanatum. Molecular Docking studies demonstrated the binding interaction with BSA enzyme through hydrogen bonding. Density functional theory (DFT) have been performed to estimate the various molecular properties of the synthesized compounds. Communicated by Ramaswamy H. Sarma
Bayesian Multi-View Clustering given complex inter-view structure

Multi-view datasets are becoming increasingly prevalent. These datasets consist of different modalities that provide complementary characterizations of the same underlying system. They can include heterogeneous types of information with complex relationships, varying degrees of missingness, and assorted sample sizes, as is often the case in multi-omic biological studies. Clustering multi-view data allows us to leverage different modalities to infer underlying systematic structure, but most existing approaches are limited to contexts in which entities are the same across views or have clear one-to-one relationships across data types with a common sample size. Many methods also make strong assumptions about the similarities of clusterings across views. We propose a Bayesian multi-view clustering approach (BMVC) which can handle the realities of multi-view datasets that often have complex relationships and diverse structure. BMVC incorporates known and complex many-to-many relationships between entities via a probabilistic graphical model that enables the joint inference of clusterings specific to each view, but where each view informs the others. Additionally, BMVC estimates the strength of the relationships between each pair of views, thus moderating the degree to which it imposes dependence constraints. We benchmarked BMVC on simulated data to show that it accurately estimates varying degrees of inter-view dependence when inter-view relationships are not limited to one-to-one correspondence. Next, we demonstrated its ability to capture visually interpretable inter-view structure in a public health survey of individuals and households in Puerto Rico following Hurricane Maria. Finally, we showed that BMVC clusters integrate the complex relationships between multi-omic profiles of breast cancer patient data, improving the biological homogeneity of clusters and elucidating hypotheses for functional biological mechanisms. We found that BMVC leverages complex inter-view structure to produce higher quality clusters than those generated by standard approaches. We also showed that BMVC is a valuable tool for real-world discovery and hypothesis generation.
Effect of tensile strain on the electronic structure of Ge: A first-principles calculation

Taking the change of L-point conduction band valley degeneracy under strain into consideration, we investigate the effect of biaxially tensile strain (parallel to the (001), (110), and (111) planes) and uniaxially tensile strain (along the [001], [110], and [111] directions) on the electronic structure of Ge using density functional theory calculations. Our calculation shows that biaxial tension parallel to (001) is the most efficient way to transform Ge into a direct bandgap material among all tensile strains considered. [111]-tension is the best choice among all uniaxial approaches for an indirect- to direct-bandgap transition of Ge. The calculation results, which are further elaborated by bond-orbital approximation, provide a useful guidance on the optical applications of Ge through strain engineering.
ZrgA contributes to zinc acquisition in Vibrio parahaemolyticus

ABSTRACT Metals are nutrients essential for almost all lifeforms. Bacteria have evolved several mechanisms to overcome the metal restrictions imposed by the host. Vibrio parahaemolyticus causes severe threats to public health and significant economic losses in shrimp aquaculture. Herein, we report that ZrgA contributes to zinc acquisition in this pathogen. The operon VP_RS01455 to VP_RS01475 of V. parahaemolyticus encodes the putative Zn transporter ZrgABCDE, whose homologs are widely distributed in Vibrionaceae. RNA sequencing analysis revealed that V. parahaemolyticus modulates the transcriptome in response to Zn limitation. Genes in the Zinc uptake regulator (Zur) regulon are upregulated during Zn limitation, including three genes annotated to encode Zn-binding proteins. Significant upregulation of these three genes during Zn limitation was also confirmed by quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR) analysis. However, only the mutants containing a VP_RS01470 (zrgA) deletion exhibited impaired growth under Zn-deficient conditions, indicating that VP_RS01470 plays the predominant role in V. parahaemolyticus Zn acquisition. The VP_RS01470 deletion mutant displayed a false appearance of decreased swimming motility under Zn-deficient conditions, as revealed by the fact that the polar flagellar-related genes were not downregulated in the mutant. Moreover, VP_RS01470 deletion produced no noticeable impact on the swarming motility and virulence in mice. qRT-PCR analysis and β-galactosidase activity assays indicated that Zur negatively regulates VP_RS01470 expression in V. parahaemolyticus. Collectively, our findings suggest that ZrgA is required for Zn acquisition in V. parahaemolyticus and highlight the importance of detecting the expression of flagellar genes during analysis of motility of a mutant deficient in growth.