Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Three-Dimensional Hydrodynamic Bondi-Hoyle Accretion. V. Specific Heat Ratio 1.01, Nearly Isothermal Flow

We investigate the hydrodynamics of three-dimensional classical Bondi-Hoyle accretion. A totally absorbing sphere of different sizes (1, 0.1 and 0.02 accretion radii) moves at different Mach numbers (0.6, 1.4, 3.0 and 10) relative to a homogeneous and slightly perturbed medium, which is taken to be an ideal, nearly isothermal, gas ($\gamma=1.01$). The hydrodynamics is modeled by the ``Piecewise Parabolic Method'' (PPM). The resolution in the vicinity of the accretor is increased by multiply nesting several $32^3$-zone grids around the sphere, each finer grid being a factor of two smaller in zone size than the next coarser grid. grids. For small Mach numbers (0.6 and~1.4) the flow patterns tend towards a steady state, while in the case of supersonic flow (Mach~3 and~10) and small enough accretors (radius of~0.1 and~0.02 accretion radii), an unstable Mach cone develops, destroying axisymmetry. The shock cones in the supersonic models never clear the surface of the accretors (they are tail shocks, not bow shocks) and the opening angle is smaller (compared to models with larger $\gamma$) especially for the highly supersonic models. The densities in the shock cone is larger for models with smaller $\gamma$. The fluctuations of the accretion rates and flow structures are weaker than in the corresponding models with larger $\gamma$. The hydrodynamic drag of all models with accretor sizes of 0.1~$R_{\rm A}$ or smaller acts in an accelerating direction, while the gravitational drag is always decelerating and larger than the hydrodynamic drag (thus the net force is decelerating).
Quality factors of MEMS gyros and the role of thermoelastic damping

In this paper, we present new experimental data illustrating the importance of thermoelastic damping in MEMS resonant sensors. We have used MEMS gyroscopes to demonstrate that both the choice of materials and variations in device design can lead to significant differences in the measured Quality (Q) factors of the device. These differences in Q factor can be explained by including the contribution of thermoelastic damping (TED), which varies strongly between the different silicon etch-stop compositions used in this study. Known damping mechanisms such as fluid damping, anchor damping, and electronics damping are minimized and held fixed in this experiment so that materials effects can be isolated.
Processing XPath queries with XML summaries

Range labeling and structural joins are well-studied techniques for efficiently processing XPath queries. However, when XPath queries become long, many times of structural joins are required. To solve this problem, we developed a method to reduce the number of joins and nodes read from the disk using strong DataGuides. Our method can process single paths without any joins and twig patterns with joins amongst branching nodes and leaves in queries. Experimental results verified that our approach outperforms the best optimization technique for structural joins by factors of up to several hundreds of times.
The harder they fall.

The past decade may well be remembered as the era of the high-flying, aggressive leader. Corner-office titans like Kenneth Lay, Dennis Kozlowski, and Bernard Ebbers graced the covers of business magazines. They captured the public's fascination with their bold business moves and charismatic sound bites. Then scandal set in, and the stars fell to earth. In this article, social psychologist Roderick M. Kramer asks an important question: Why do so many leaders--not just in business, but also in politics, religion, and the media--display remarkable adeptness and ability while courting power, only to engage in even more remarkable bouts of folly once that power has been secured? Kramer, who has spent most of his career researching how leaders get to the top, says there is something about the process of becoming a leader that changes people in profound ways. The systems through which we select our leaders force executives to sacrifice the attitudes and behaviors that are essential to their survival once they have reached the top. Society has learned to consider risk taking and rule breaking as markers of good leadership. As a result, CEOs and other leaders lack the modesty and prudence needed to cope with the rewards and trappings of power. They come to believe that normal limits don't apply to them and that they are entitled to any spoils they can seize. The leaders who do remain grounded--who get to the top and stay there--exhibit five common psychological and behavioral habits: They simplify their lives, remaining humble and "awfully ordinary. " They shine a light on their weaknesses instead of trying to cover them up. They float trial balloons to uncover the truth and prepare for the unexpected. They sweat the small stuff. And they reflect more, not less.
The Role of Social Connectedness and Imaginary Audience on Brand Love in Brand Experience Sharing: the Moderating Role of Divergence of Others' Responses

基于分享现实理论，探讨体验分享中社会联结、假想观众对分享者本人原有品牌至爱的影响，以及他人回应分歧性对上述影响关系的调节作用。 结果发现：（1）分享品牌体验有助于构建品牌至爱，分享正面品牌体验对分享者本人的品牌至爱具有正向影响；（2）对低社会联结或高假想观众的分享者来说，当他人回应存在分歧时，其原有品牌至爱的改变更大；（3）对高社会联结或低假想观众的分享者而言，他人回应中立和他人回应存在分歧对其原有品牌至爱的影响没有显著差异。
30 years of multi-wavelength observations of 3C 273

We present a wide multi-wavelength database of most observations of the quasar 3C 273 obtained during the last 30 years. This database is the most complete set of observations available for an active galactic nucleus (AGN). It contains nearly 20 000 observations grouped together into 70 light curves covering 16 orders of magnitude in frequency from the radio to the γ -ray domain. The database is constituted of many previously unpublished observations and of most publicly available data gathered in the literature and on the World Wide Web (WWW). It is complete to the best of our knowledge, except in the optical (UBV ) domain where we chose not to add all observations from the literature. In addition to the photometric data, we present the spectra of 3C 273 obtained by the International Ultraviolet Explorer (IUE) satellite. In the X-ray domain, we used the spectral fit parameters from the literature to construct the light curves. Apart from describing the data, we show the most representative light curves and the average spectrum of 3C 273. The database is available on the WWW in a homogeneous and clear form and we wish to update it regularly by adding new observations.
Association Genetics Reveals Three Novel Avirulence Genes from the Rice Blast Fungal Pathogen Magnaporthe oryzae[W][OA]

To subvert rice (Oryza sativa) host defenses, the devastating ascomycete fungus pathogen Magnaporthe oryzae produces a battery of effector molecules, including some with avirulence (AVR) activity, which are recognized by host resistance (R) proteins resulting in rapid and effective activation of innate immunity. To isolate novel avirulence genes from M. oryzae, we examined DNA polymorphisms of secreted protein genes predicted from the genome sequence of isolate 70-15 and looked for an association with AVR activity. This large-scale study found significantly more presence/absence polymorphisms than nucleotide polymorphisms among 1032 putative secreted protein genes. Nucleotide diversity of M. oryzae among 46 isolates of a worldwide collection was extremely low (θ = 8.2 × 10−5), suggestive of recent pathogen dispersal. However, no association between DNA polymorphism and AVR was identified. Therefore, we used genome resequencing of Ina168, an M. oryzae isolate that contains nine AVR genes. Remarkably, a total of 1.68 Mb regions, comprising 316 candidate effector genes, were present in Ina168 but absent in the assembled sequence of isolate 70-15. Association analyses of these 316 genes revealed three novel AVR genes, AVR-Pia, AVR-Pii, and AVR-Pik/km/kp, corresponding to five previously known AVR genes, whose products are recognized inside rice cells possessing the cognate R genes. AVR-Pia and AVR-Pii have evolved by gene gain/loss processes, whereas AVR-Pik/km/kp has evolved by nucleotide substitutions and gene gain/loss.
MELISSA BOWEN UNIVERSITY OF EXETER: OCTOBER 2008

The objective of the present study was to investigate how effective the use of an automatic camera, SenseCam, could be as an autobiographical memory aid for a 36 year old female patient presenting with medial temporal lobe damage and severe anterograde amnesia. The patient (CB) took part in an activity and was then given free recall and cued recall questions of varying specificity to assess memory for the event. Testing was carried out immediately and after delays of 5mins; 10 mins; 15 mins; and 20 mins. After each test CB was asked to either view SenseCam images of the event, to listen to an audio recording of the event or no remediation technique was used. It was hypothesised that CB would be able to recall general, moderately specific and very specific information about each event more effectively when using SenseCam as a memory aid compared with audio recordings or no remediation technique at all. The results showed that SenseCam led to significantly better free recall as well as cued recall on the general questions, compared to the baseline condition. However there were no significant differences between the three conditions on cued recall of moderately specific or very specific information. Furthermore, audio recordings of the event did not appear to improve recall performance whatever the specificity of the questions asked. Finally, as would be expected the overall effect of delay on recall performance was found to be significant across all three remediation conditions and all three question specificities. The possible reasons for these findings and the implications they may have within this field of research are discussed.
Design and Construction of a machine-tractable Japanese-Malay Lexicon

We present a method for combining two bilingual lexicons to make a third, using one language as a pivot. In this case we combine a Japanese-English lexicon with a Malay-English lexicon, to produce a Japanese-Malay lexicon suitable for use in a machine translation system. Our method differs from previous methods in its use of semantic classes to rank translation equivalents: word pairs with compatible semantic classes are preferred to those with dissimilar classes. We have made a prototype lexicon of over 75,000 pairs, and are now in the process of removing inappropriate entries by hand.
Implications of dark energy parametrizations for the determination of the curvature of the universe

We investigate how the nature of dark energy affects the determination of the curvature of the universe, using recent observations. For this purpose, we consider the constraints on the matter and dark energy density using observations of type Ia supernovae, the baryon acoustic oscillation peak and the cosmic microwave background with dark energy equations of state of several types. Although it is usually said that the combination of current observations favours a flat universe, we found that a relatively large parameter space allows the universe to be open for a particular model of dark energy. We also discuss what kind of dark energy model or prior allows a non-flat universe.
Automated schematic map production using simulated annealing and gradient descent approaches

Generating schematic maps are an effective means of generalization of large scale network datasets. The aim is to enhance visualization at line networks and also make them user friendly for interpretation. The basic steps for generating schematic maps are to eliminate all features and networks (or portions of networks) that are not functionally relevant to the network system chosen for mapping. All geometric invariants of the network's structure are relaxed except topological accuracy. Routes and junctions are represented diagrammatically.
Application to Determine Water Volume for Agriculture Based on Temperature & Humidity Using Wireless Sensor Network

Tomato plant needs an environment with proper temperature and humidity condition. Amount of water is a parameter to control temperature and humidity in the planted area. So it needs a system which can determine the water volume. This research's objective is to create a decision support system which can help human to determine the volume of water for tomato and monitors environment condition in wireless. These systems is consisting of Waspmote Agriculture sensor node as a data taker from environment and use the data as input to the fuzzy logic method for the decision support. The system can send sensor values to the database in server in real-time. From the result of experiments conducted, this system can help human to control the humidity for the tomato plants using wireless sensor network.
CloneAyz: An Approach for Clone Representation and Analysis

Code clones have both negative and positive impacts on softwares. Researchers have proposed lots of detection tools to find clones from softwares. However, the information in detection results is not enough to help developers understand and maintain clones. Therefore, we design and implement a clone analysis tool, named CloneAyz, to aid developers to analyze and understand clones. CloneAyz can parse detection results of different tools automatically, and represent code clones in a unified form, which contains information about clone evolution and some clone metrics we extracted in order to improve clone analysis efficiency. We evaluate our tool on three open-source Java projects, and the results show that CloneAyz can help developers analyze and understand clones effectively. CloneAyz can also give some contributions for developers on clone maintenance, such as clone refactoring.
Inner distance based hand gesture recognition for devices control

Body language is a connection way between humans. Computer vision based system try to facilitate human connections using human gesture interpretations. This paper proposes a method based on hand gesture recognition for device control using inner distance feature. Our method consists of three primary parts. 1) Hand segmentation and state identification. 2) Hand tracking, and 3) gesture recognition. In tracking phase, we propose a new method based on hand center of gravity tracking and in recognition phase, we use correlation coefficient for state matching.
Generating Hints for Programming Problems Using Intermediate Output

In this work, we compare two representations of student interactions within the context of a simple programming game. We refer to these representations as Worldstates and Codestates. Worldstates, which are representations of the output of the program, are generalizations of Codestates, snapshots of the source code taken when the program is run. Our goal is to incorporate intelligent data-driven feedback into a system, such as generating hints to guide students through problems. Using Worldstates simplifies this task by making it easier to compare student approaches, even for previously unseen problems, without requiring expert analysis. In the context of the educational programming game, BOTS, we find that worldstates require less prior data to generate hints in a majority of cases, without sacrificing quality or interpretability.
A software framework for matchmaking based on semantic web technology

An important objective of the Semantic Web is to make Electronic Commerce interactions more flexible and automated. To achieve this, standardization of ontologies, message content and message protocols will be necessary.In this paper we investigate how Semantic and Web Services technologies can be used to support service advertisement and discovery in e-commerce. In particular, we describe the design and implementation of a service matchmaking prototype which uses a DAML-S based ontology and a Description Logic reasoner to compare ontology based service descriptions. We also present the results of initial experiments testing the performance of this prototype implementation in a realistic agent based e-commerce scenario.
Sensarea, a general public video editing application

In this demonstration, we present an advanced prototype of a novel general public software application that provides the user with a set of interactive tools to select and accurately track multiple objects in a video. The originality of the proposed software is that it doesn't impose a rigid modus operandi and that automatic and manual tools can be used at any moment for any object. Moreover, it is the first time that powerful video object segmentation tools are integrated in a friendly, industrial and non commercial application dedicated to accurate object tracking. With our software, special effects can be applied to the tracked objects and saved to a video file, and the object masks can also be exported for applications that need ground truth data or that want to improve the user experience with clickable videos.
Assessment of the multivariate outlier approach for differential item functioning detection: A Monte Carlo simulation study

DISSERTATION: Assessment of the Multivariate Outlier Approach for Differential Item Functioning Detection: A Monte Carlo Simulation Study STUDENT: Julianne M. Edwards DEGREE: Doctor of Philosophy COLLEGE: Teachers College DATE: May 2016 PAGES: 131 Differential item functioning (DIF) is an important statistical tool that is used to detect potential bias between groups (e.g., males vs. females) in assessment items. The research pertaining to DIF, and the methods that assess DIF have predominantly focused on when only two groups are present (e.g., males vs. females). However, there are times that a psychometrician may want to detect potential bias in items when there are more than two groups. This can occur for large scale assessments when taking into account grouping variables such as ethnicity, SES, and location of the test taker. Due to the need of methods that can estimate DIF when more than two groups are present, generalized Mantel-Haenszel, generalized logistic regression, Lord’s chi-square, and the multivariate outlier approach were created. However, the multivariate outlier approach has not been assessed in a simulation study to determine how well this method controls for Type I error, and power. Because of this, the current study conducted a simulation study to compare the multivariate outlier approach to generalized Mantel-Haenszel, generalized logistic regression, and Lord’s chi-square in regard to Type I error rates and power.
The cost of pressure ulcers in the UK.

OBJECTIVE To estimate the annual cost of treating pressure ulcers in the UK. DESIGN Costs were derived from a bottom-up methodology, based on the daily resources required to deliver protocols of care reflecting good clinical practice. SETTING Health and social care system in the UK. SUBJECTS Patients developing a pressure ulcer. METHODS A bottom-up costing approach is used to estimate treatment cost per episode of care and per patient for ulcers of different grades and level of complications. Also, total treatment cost to the health and social care system in the UK. RESULTS The cost of treating a pressure ulcer varies from pound 1,064 (Grade 1) to pound 10,551 (Grade 4). Costs increase with ulcer grade because the time to heal is longer and because the incidence of complications is higher in more severe cases. The total cost in the UK is pound 1.4- pound 2.1 billion annually (4% of total NHS expenditure). Most of this cost is nurse time. CONCLUSIONS Pressure ulcers represent a very significant cost burden in the UK. Without concerted effort this cost is likely to increase in the future as the population ages. To the extent that pressure ulcers are avoidable, pressure damage may be indicative of clinical negligence and there is evidence that litigation could soon become a significant threat to healthcare providers in the UK, as it is in the USA.
Bargaining and Specialization in Marriage

Can households make efficient choices? The fact that cohabitation and marriage are partnerships for joint production and consumption imply that their gains are highest when household members cooperate. At the same time, empirical findings suggest that spousal specialization and labor force attachment do influence the threat points of each spouse. As a consequence, specialization and spousal cooperation can be costly for household members. While the existing literature is divided on whether household choices are made efficiently or not, there does not yet exist an attempt to identify the marriage market and household dynamics that could induce endogenous cooperation and efficiency within the households. This paper incorporates the process of spousal matching into a household labor supply model in which (a) couples engage in home production, (b) there are potential gains from specialization but specializing in home production lowers market wages, and (c) intra-marital allocations are determined by an endogenous sharing rule that is driven by actual wage earnings. The incentives to specialize are high when wage or spousal endowment inequality is relatively high. Still, when there are equal numbers of men and women in the marriage markets, spousal specialization may not occur unless there exists a commitment mechanism. However, when the sex ratio is not equal to unity and there are singles in equilibrium who are of the same sex as spouses that specialize in market production, matching in asymmetric marriage markets induces spousal cooperation and specialization.
A Review on Mixing in Microfluidics

Small-scale mixing is of uttermost importance in bio- and chemical analyses using micro TAS (total analysis systems) or lab-on-chips. Many microfluidic applications involve chemical reactions where, most often, the fluid diffusivity is very low so that without the help of chaotic advection the reaction time can be extremely long. In this article, we will review various kinds of mixers developed for use in microfluidic devices. Our review starts by defining the terminology necessary to understand the fundamental concept of mixing and by introducing quantities for evaluating the mixing performance, such as mixing index and residence time. In particular, we will review the concept of chaotic advection and the mathematical terms, Poincare section and Lyapunov exponent. Since these concepts are developed from nonlinear dynamical systems, they should play important roles in devising microfluidic devices with enhanced mixing performance. Following, we review the various designs of mixers that are employed in applications. We will classify the designs in terms of the driving forces, including mechanical, electrical and magnetic forces, used to control fluid flow upon mixing. The advantages and disadvantages of each design will also be addressed. Finally, we will briefly touch on the expected future development regarding mixer design and related issues for the further enhancement of mixing performance.
Multistage Model Transformations in Software Product Lines

Raising the level of abstraction for software engineers to write applications is still an undergoing issue. So, models will most likely become the dominant artifact in the development of software. However, models are nothing without the framing of a methodology, like the software factories methodology, which includes the software product lines approach. In the context of software product lines, model-driven development imposes the structuring of the software development process around models adequate to each one of the moments within the software supply chain. The different moments are the different stages that comprise different development teams, as well as the target user of the different software family members. This multistage process is a powerful vision of software development in general when compared with the current software development processes’ state-of-the-art and this is the vision that feeds the Ph.D. work presented in this paper. This work is concerned with the transformations that models must suffer in the particular context of software product lines development, inside each stage and in between stages.