Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Does hypermnesia occur in recognition and cued recall

Hypermnesia is an improvement in memory that occurs with repeated attempts to retrieve previously encoded material. In two forced-choice recognition experiments that varied processing strategy (relational, item-specific, intentional) and retention interval (immediate and delayed), no hypermnesia was observed under any condition. In contrast, hypermnesia was found in two cued recall experiments that manipulated processing strategy and list structure. Cumulative recall curves showed that the improvement in performance was due to an increased rate of item recovery facilitated by relational processing, especially with a well-categorized stimulus list. It was concluded that relational processing increased the availability of retrieval cues that in turn aided the generation of target words
Adaptive Transmission Scheme for Improving Capacity in Distributed Antenna Systems

This paper presents the achievable capacity expressions with analytical closed forms of spatial multiplexing transmission (SMT) and single antenna transmission (SAT) for multicell downlink distributed antenna systems (DAS). Considering that SMT and SAT yield high transmission gains of the center and the edge of the cell, respectively, we also propose switching algorithms depending on a user location. The transmission scheme decides a favorable transmission technique between SMT and SAT through instantaneous or ergodic capacity comparison. Simulation results show that the analytical closed forms well match to the empirical expressions. Furthermore, the proposed transmission schemes are superior to SMT and SAT.
Systematic review and meta-analysis: when one study is just not enough.

We live in the information age, and the practice of medicine is becoming increasingly specialized. In the biomedical literature, the number of published studies has dramatically increased: There are now more than 15 million citations in MEDLINE, with 10,000 to 20,000 new citations added each week (1). Multiple relevant studies usually guide most clinical decisions. These studies often vary in their design; methodologic quality; population studied; and the intervention, test, or condition considered. Because even highly cited trials may be challenged or refuted over time (2), clinical decision-making requires ongoing reconciliation of studies that provide different answers to the same question. Both clinicians and researchers can also benefit from a summary of where uncertainty remains. Because it is often impractical for readers to track down and review all of the primary studies (3), review articles are an important source of summarized evidence on a particular topic (4). Review articles have traditionally taken the form of a narrative review, whereby a content expert writes about a particular field, condition, or treatment (5–7). Narrative reviews have many benefits, including a broad overview of relevant information tempered by years of practical knowledge from an experienced author. Indeed, this article itself is in a narrative format, from authors who have published a number of meta-analyses in previous years. In some circumstances, a reader wants to become very knowledgeable about specific details of a topic and wants some assurance that the information presented is both comprehensive and unbiased. A narrative review typically uses an implicit process to compile evidence to support the statements being made. The reader often cannot tell which recommendations were based on the author's clinical experience, the breadth to which available literature was identified and compiled, and the reasons that some studies were given more emphasis than others. It …
Employment Standards for Australian Urban Firefighters: Part 2 The Physiological Demands and the Criterion Tasks

Objective: The physiological demands of 15 essential, physically demanding fire-fighting tasks were investigated to identify criterion tasks for bona fide recruit selection. Methods: A total of 51 operational firefighters participated in discrete, field-based occupational simulations, with physiological responses measured throughout. Results: The most stressful tasks were identified and classified according to dominant fitness attributes and movement patterns. Three movement classes (single-sided load carriage [5 tasks], dragging loads [4 tasks], and overhead pushing and holding objects [2 tasks]) and one mandatory strength task emerged. Seven criterion tasks were identified. Load holding and carriage dominated these movement patterns, yet no task accentuated whole-body endurance. Conclusion: Material handling movements from each classification must appear within a physical aptitude (selection) test for it to adequately represent the breadth of tasks performed by Australian urban firefighters.
All-optical logic gates using semiconductor optical amplifier assisted by optical filter

A simple all-optical logic device, composed of an SOA and an optical filter, is proposed. By utilising optical filtering, multi-logic functions (AND, OR and XOR) are demonstrated at 10 Gbit/s using the same setup, under different operation conditions. Simulations indicate that the device can operate at much higher bit rate.
Voice Activity Detection: Merging Source and Filter-based Information

Voice Activity Detection (VAD) refers to the problem of distinguishing speech segments from background noise. Numerous approaches have been proposed for this purpose. Some are based on features derived from the power spectral density, others exploit the periodicity of the signal. The goal of this letter is to investigate the joint use of source and filter-based features. Interestingly, a mutual information-based assessment shows superior discrimination power for the source-related features, especially the proposed ones. The features are further the input of an artificial neural network-based classifier trained on a multi-condition database. Two strategies are proposed to merge source and filter information: feature and decision fusion. Our experiments indicate an absolute reduction of 3% of the equal error rate when using decision fusion. The final proposed system is compared to four state-of-the-art methods on 150 minutes of data recorded in real environments. Thanks to the robustness of its source-related features, its multi-condition training and its efficient information fusion, the proposed system yields over the best state-of-the-art VAD a substantial increase of accuracy across all conditions (24% absolute on average).
Air pollution during pregnancy and lung function in newborns: a birth cohort study

Post-natal exposure to air pollution is associated with diminished lung growth during school age. The current authors aimed to determine whether pre-natal exposure to air pollution is associated with lung function changes in the newborn. In a prospective birth cohort of 241 healthy term-born neonates, tidal breathing, lung volume, ventilation inhomogeneity and exhaled nitric oxide (eNO) were measured during unsedated sleep at age 5 weeks. Maternal exposure to particles with a 50% cut-off aerodynamic diameter of 10 μm (PM10), nitrogen dioxide (NO2) and ozone (O3), and distance to major roads were estimated during pregnancy. The association between these exposures and lung function was assessed using linear regression. Minute ventilation was higher in infants with higher pre-natal PM10 exposure (24.9 mL·min−1 per μg·m−3 PM10). The eNO was increased in infants with higher pre-natal NO2 exposure (0.98 ppb per μg·m−3 NO2). Post-natal exposure to air pollution did not modify these findings. No association was found for pre-natal exposure to O3 and lung function parameters. The present results suggest that pre-natal exposure to air pollution might be associated with higher respiratory need and airway inflammation in newborns. Such alterations during early lung development may be important regarding long-term respiratory morbidity.
A force reflective master-slave system for minimally invasive surgery

Minimally invasive surgery involves inserting special instruments into the body cavity through tiny incisions in order to perform surgical procedures. In this paper, the design of a robotic master-slave system for use in minimally invasive surgery is discussed. This system is capable of providing haptic feedback to the surgeon in all available degrees of freedom. System design as well as master and slave bilateral control and communication issues are discussed.
A novel structure for parallel hybrid active power filters with series resonant circuits

This paper presents a new parallel hybrid active power filter (HAPF) topology, which is suitable to suppress harmonic currents and compensate reactive power simultaneously in high-or medium-voltage power systems and can reduce the VA rating of the active power filter (APF) greatly. Based on the conventional topology of the parallel HAPF, the new structure includes a resonant circuit with a small inductor in parallel with APF controlled as harmonic current source, in order to force the fundamental reactive current to flow through the additional inductor, instead of flowing through APF. Furthermore, the APF need not withstand harmonic voltage due to the passive power filter is designed well-tuned in the new topology. So the VA rating of the APF is reduced greatly. Simulation results prove that the proposed parallel HAPF is good in harmonics elimination, reactive power compensation, and reliability.
Research and Analysis of Semantic Search Technology Based on Knowledge Graph

With the continuous development of society and the improvement of Internet technology, people are getting more and more dissatisfied with the current exploration of unknown world, and increasingly rigorous on the search engine requirements. As a result, semantic search technology came into being. This article mainly through the knowledge graph and semantic search technology to understand the function of this technology, as well as its limitations, improvement strategies, and the future direction of development.
Transformed social interaction in mediated interpersonal communication

Over time, our mode of remote communication has evolved from written letters to telephones, email, internet chat rooms, and video-conferences. Similarly, virtual environments that utilize digital representations of humans promise to further change the nature of remote interaction. virtual environments are systems which track verbal and nonverbal signals of multiple interactants and render those signals onto avatars, three-dimensional, digital representations of people in a shared digital space. Unlike telephone conversations and video-conferences, interactants in virtual environments have the ability to systematically filter the physical appearance and behavioral actions of their avatars in the eyes of their conversational partners, amplifying or suppressing features and nonverbal signals in real time for strategic purposes. These transformations can have a drastic impact on interactants’ persuasive and instructional abilities. Furthermore, researchers can use this mismatch between actions performed by a speaker and actions perceived by an audience as a tool to examine complex patterns of nonverbal behavior which are difficult to isolate in face-to-face interaction. We first discuss a framework for classifying digital human representations and the role they play in Computer Mediated Communication (CMC). We then present a theory called Transformed Social Interaction (TSI) that explores how CMC allows people to interact in ways not possible face-toface. We review a number of published studies examining TSI as well as summaries of new, unpublished data and work that is currently in progress. We conclude by relating CMC to theories of social influence, discussing the next step in digital human research and applications, and discussing potential ethical problems with TSI.
An analysis of MIPS and SPARC instruction set utilization on the SPEC benchmarks

Copyright 1991, Association for Computing Machinery, Inc. Reprinted by permission. This paper originally appeared in Proceedings of the Fourth International Conference on Architecture Support for Programming Languages and Operating Systems (ASPLOS), Santa Clara, California, April 8-11, 1991. The dynamic instruction counts on MIPS and SPARC are compared using the SPEC benchmarks. MIPS typically executes more user-level instructions than SPARC. This difference can be counted for by architectural differences, compiler differences, and library differences. The most significant differences are that SPARC's double-precision floating point load/store is an architectural advantage in the SPEC floating point benchmarks while MIPS's compare-and-branch instruction is an architectural advantage in the SPEC integer benchmarks. After the differences in the two architectures are isolated, it appears that although MIPS and SPARC each have strengths and weaknesses in their compilers and library routines, the combined effect of compilers and library routines does not give either MIPS or SPARC a clear advantage in these areas.
I-MAC: Energy efficient intelligent MAC protocol for wireless sensor networks

Energy efficiency is a vital aspect of resource constrained wireless sensor networks (WSNs). All protocols designed for WSNs must be energy aware in order to prolong the network lifetime. In this paper, we have designed a novel MAC layer protocol (I-MAC: Intelligent MAC) for WSNs. By exercising intelligent sleep and wake-up schedule, I-MAC saves energy of the resource constrained sensor nodes greatly. At the same time, I-MAC does not compromise its operational performances. Both analytical study and simulation prove that I-MAC is not only highly energy efficient but also its operational performances are better than similar protocols.
Evaluating and Improving Navigability of Wikipedia: A Comparative Study of Eight Language Editions

Wikipedia supports its users to reach a wide variety of goals: looking up facts, researching a topic, making an edit or simply browsing to pass time. Some of these goals, such as the lookup of facts, can be effectively supported by search functions. However, for other use cases such as researching an unfamiliar topic, users need to rely on the links to connect articles. In this paper, we investigate the state of navigability in the article networks of eight language versions of Wikipedia. We find that, when taking all links of articles into account, all language versions enable mutual reachability for almost all articles. However, previous research has shown that visitors of Wikipedia focus most of their attention on the areas located close to the top. We therefore investigate different restricted navigational views that users could have when looking at articles. We find that restricting the view of articles strongly limits the navigability of the resulting networks and impedes navigation. Based on this analysis we then propose a link recommendation method to augment the link network to improve navigability in the network. Our approach selects links from a less restricted view of the article and proposes to move these links into more visible sections. The recommended links are therefore relevant for the article. Our results are relevant for researchers interested in the navigability of Wikipedia and open up new avenues for link recommendations in Wikipedia editing.
Model Compensation Approach Based on Nonuniform Spectral Compression Features for Noisy Speech Recognition

This paper presents a novel model compensation (MC) method for the features of mel-frequency cepstral coefficients (MFCCs) with signal-to-noise-ratio- (SNR-) dependent nonuniform spectral compression (SNSC). Though these new MFCCs derived from a SNSC scheme have been shown to be robust features under matched case, they suffer from serious mismatch when the reference models are trained at different SNRs and in different environments. To solve this drawback, a compressed mismatch function is defined for the static observations with nonuniform spectral compression. The means and variances of the static features with spectral compression are derived according to this mismatch function. Experimental results show that the proposed method is able to provide recognition accuracy better than conventional MC methods when using uncompressed features especially at very low SNR under different noises. Moreover, the new compensation method has a computational complexity slightly above that of conventional MC methods.
FACe! 3D Facial Animation System based on FACS

In this paper we present a 3D facial animation system named FACe! It is able to generate different expressions of the face throughout punctual and combined activation of Action Units, defined by Facial Acting Coding System(FACS). This system is implemented on a 3D human head controlled by bones, riggers and skinning to deform the geometry. The bone system is implemented in order to move single or combined Action Units, so that they can implement superior layers such as expressions, phonemes, words, emotions and the synchronization of all them together.
Critical behaviour of integrable mixed-spin chains

The authors construct a mixed spin-1/2 and spin-S integrable model and investigate its finite-size properties. For a certain conformal invariant mixed spin system the central charge can be decomposed in terms of the conformal anomaly of two single integrable models of spin 1/2 and spin (S-1/2). They also compute the ground-state energy and the sound velocity in the thermodynamic limit.
A Synthesis of Research on Requirements Analysis and Knowledge Acquisition Techniques

Requirements analysis (RA) involves end users and systems analysts interacting in an effort to recognize and specify the data and information needed to develop an information system. In the design of expert systems, a similar process of eliciting information, in this case human knowledge, has been studied under the banner of knowledge acquisition (KA). When examined closely, many entities and processes involved in RA and KA are almost identical. However, researchers in each area are seemingly unaware of the developments in the other area. In order to facilitate a merged awareness of both research streams, this article compares representative RA and KA techniques, which are grouped, according to elicitation mode, on three dimensions: communication obstacles, a technique's focus of control, and the nature of the understanding gained from using the technique. This comparison demonstrates that these two research streams have many things in common and that researchers in one area can benefit from developments in the other area. Additionally, this analysis leads to several suggested research areas: (1) rigorous examinations of these techniques as they are used to overcome communication obstacles and to enrich understanding; (2) investigations into the seeming match between certain elicitation types and problem domain categories; (3) examinations into synergetic effects of elicitation techniques; (4) development of more techniques for eliciting information requirements to serve emerging needs; and (5) comparisons of the relative advantage of generalized versus specialized elicitation techniques.
Physiological β Cell Death Triggers Priming of Self-reactive T Cells by Dendritic Cells in a Type-1 Diabetes Model

The prelude to type-1 diabetes is leukocyte infiltration into the pancreatic islets, or insulitis. This process begins in pancreatic lymph nodes when T lymphocytes reactive to islet β cells encounter antigen-presenting cells (APCs) displaying peptides derived from β cell proteins. We show here that a ripple of physiological β cell death, which occurs at 2 wk of age in all mouse strains, precipitates the arrival of such APCs, and that the relevant APC is a dendritic cell of CD11c+CD11b+CD8α− phenotype. These findings have significant implications concerning the nature of the diabetes-provoking deficits in NOD mice, the identity of the primordial diabetogenic antigens, and our understanding of the balance between immunity and tolerance in a pathological context.
Estrogens Attenuate Oxidative Stress and the Differentiation and Apoptosis of Osteoblasts by DNA-Binding-Independent Actions of the ERα

Estrogens diminish oxidative stress in bone and bone marrow, attenuate the generation of osteoblasts, and decrease the prevalence of mature osteoblast apoptosis. We have searched for the molecular mechanism of these effects using as tools a mouse model bearing an estrogen receptor α (ERα) knock‐in mutation that prevents binding to DNA (ERαNERKI/−) and several osteoblast progenitor cell models expressing the wild‐type ERα or the ERαNERKI/−. We report that the ability of estrogens to diminish the generation of reactive oxygen species, stimulate the activity of glutathione reductase, and decrease the phosphorylation of p66shc, as well as osteoblastogenesis and osteoblast number and apoptosis, were fully preserved in ERαNERKI/− mice, indicating that the DNA‐binding function of the ERα is dispensable for all these effects. Consistent with the attenuation of osteoblastogenesis in this animal model, 17β‐estradiol attenuated bone morphogenetic protein 2 (BMP‐2)–induced gene transcription and osteoblast commitment and differentiation in murine and human osteoblastic cell lines. Moreover, 17β‐estradiol attenuated BMP‐2‐induced differentiation of primary cultures of calvaria‐ or bone marrow–derived osteoblastic cells from ERαNERKI/− mice as effectively as in cells from wild‐type littermates. The inhibitory effect of the hormone on BMP‐2 signaling resulted from an ERα‐mediated activation of ERKs and the phosphorylation of Smad1 at the linker region of the protein, which leads to proteasomal degradation. These results illustrate that the effects of estrogens on oxidative stress and the birth and death of osteoblasts do not require the binding of ERα to DNA response elements, but instead they result from the activation of cytoplasmic kinases. © 2010 American Society for Bone and Mineral Research
On Averaging Power for Genetic Association and Linkage Studies

A power calculation is crucial in planning genetic studies. In genetic association studies, the power is often calculated using the expected number of individuals with each genotype calculated from an assumed allele frequency under Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium. Since the allele frequency is often unknown, the number of individuals with each genotype is random and so a power calculation assuming a known allele frequency may be incorrect. Ambrosius et al. [1] recently showed that the power ignoring this randomness may lead to studies with insufficient power and proposed averaging the power due to the randomness. We extend the method of averaging power in two directions. First, for testing association in case-control studies, we use the Cochran-Armitage trend test and find that the time needed for calculating the averaged power is much reduced compared to the chi-square test with two degrees of freedom studied by Ambrosius et al. [1]. A real study is used for illustration of the method. Second, we extend the method to linkage analysis, where the number of identical-by-descent alleles shared by siblings is random. The distribution of identical-by-descent numbers depends on the underlying genetic model rather than the allele frequency. The robust test for linkage analysis is also examined using the averaged powers. We also recommend a sensitivity analysis when the true allele frequency or the number of identical-by-descent alleles is unknown.