Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Large‐scale cultivation of the bumblebee gut microbiota reveals an underestimated bacterial species diversity capable of pathogen inhibition

A total of 1940 isolates from gut samples of 60 bumblebees representing Bombus pascuorum, Bombus terrestris, Bombus lucorum and Bombus lapidarius was collected and identified through state-of the-art taxonomic methods. The bacterial species diversity in these Bombus species exceeded that suggested by phylotype analysis through 16S rRNA amplicon sequencing, and revealed that B. pascuorum and B. terrestris had a unique microbiota composition, each. Representatives of most phylotypes reported earlier and detected in the present study were effectively isolated, and included several novel bacterial taxa and species reported for the first time in the bumblebee gut. Isolates were screened in pectin degradation assays and growth inhibition assays against the honeybee pathogens Paenibacillus larvae, Melissococcus plutonius and Ascosphaera apis and the bumblebee parasite Crithidia bombi. While inhibitory activity against each of these pathogens was observed, only one single culture was able to degrade pectin and polygalacturonic acid in vitro. The availability of accurately identified microbial isolates will facilitate future evaluation of the functional potential of the bumblebee gut microbiota.
The Fyn Tyrosine Kinase Binds Irs-1 and Forms a Distinct Signaling Complex during Insulin Stimulation (*)

Irs-proteins link the receptors for insulin/IGF-1, growth hormones, and several interleukins and interferons to signaling proteins that contain Src homology-2 (SH2). To identify new Irs-1-binding proteins, we screened a mouse embryo expression library with recombinant [P]Irs-1, which revealed a specific association between p59 and Irs-1. The SH2 domain in p59 bound to phosphorylated Tyr and Tyr, which are located in YXX(L/I) motifs. Mutation of p59 at the COOH-terminal tyrosine phosphorylation site (Tyr) enhanced its binding to Irs-1 during insulin stimulation. Binding experiments with various SH2 proteins revealed that Grb-2 was largely excluded from Irs-1 complexes containing p59, whereas Grb-2 and p85 occurred in the same Irs-1 complex. By comparison with the insulin receptor, p59kinase phosphorylated a unique cohort of tyrosine residues in Irs-1. These results outline a role for p59 or other related Src-kinases during insulin and cytokine signaling.
Sentiment Analysis of Twitter Data Using Naive Bayes Algorithm

Sentiment analysis the process of computationally identifying and categorizing opinions expressed in a piece of text, especially in order to determine whether the writer’s attitude towards a particular topic, product, etc. is positive, negative, or neutral. Now a days the growth of social websites, blogging services and electronic media con-tributes huge amount of user give messages such as customer reviews, comments and opinions. Sentiment Analysis is an important term referred to collect information in a source by using NLP, computational linguistics and text analysis and to make decision by subjective information extracting and analyzing opinion, identifying positive and negative reviews measuring how positively and negatively an entity (public ,organization, product) is involved. Sentiment analysis is the area of study to analyze people’s reviews, emotion, attitudes and emotion from written languages. We concentrate on field of different opinion classification techniques, performed on any data set. Now a days most popular approaches are Bag of words and feature extraction used by researchers to deal with sentiment analysis i.e used by politician, news groups, manufactures organization, movies, products etc.
Position of Interbody Spacer in Transforaminal Lumbar Interbody Fusion: Effect on 3-dimensional Stability and Sagittal Lumbar Contour

Study Design Biomechanical study. Objective To test 2 different intervertebral positions of a semilunar cage and their effects on 3-dimensional stability and segmental lordosis in a model of transforaminal lumbar interbody fusion (TLIF). Summary of Background Data In his original TLIF description, Harms recommended decortication of endplates, followed by placement of mesh cages in the middle-posterior intervertebral third. Subsequent studies presented conflicting recommendations: anterior placement of the spacer-cage for better load-sharing versus placement on the stronger posterolateral endplate regions. Methods Six human lumbar spinal functional units were first tested intact. TLIF was performed using a semilunar poly-ether-ether-ketone cage randomly inserted in the anterior (TLIF-A) or posterior (TLIF-P) disc space. Pedicle screws and rods were added. Unconstrained pure moments in axial-torsion, lateral-bending (LB), and flexion-extension (FE) were applied under 0.05 Hz and ±5 Nm sinusoidal waveform. Segmental motions were recorded. Range of motion (ROM) and neutral zone (NZ) were calculated. Pairwise comparisons were made using nonparametric Wilcoxon-matched pairs signed rank sum test with statistical significance set at P<0.05. Results TLIF-A and TLIF-P significantly decreased ROM (P<0.05) of the intact spinal functional unit, in FE and LB. In axial-torsion, decrease of ROM after TLIF procedures was not significant (P>0.05). Δ-ROM between TLIF-A and TLIF-P was not significant (P>0.05). TLIF-A and TLIF-P significantly decreased NZ in LB (P<0.05). In FE, TLIF-P significantly decreased NZ (P<0.05); TLIF-A showed a trend toward significance (P=0.09). Δ-NZ between TLIF-A and TLIF-P was not significant (P>0.05). Segmental lordosis of TLIF-A and TLIF-P on C-arm views showed angle differences within the range of measurement error of Cobb angles. Conclusions Difference in ROM and NZ between anterior (TLIF-A) or posterior (TLIF-P) positions was not statistically significant. Similarly, both positions did not influence segmental lordosis.
Interobserver Interpretative Reproducibility of GOLDFISH, A First Generation Gold-Facilitated Autometallographic Bright Field In Situ Hybridization Assay for HER-2/neu Amplification in Invasive Mammary Carcinoma

Clinical laboratory testing for HER-2/neu gene amplification by fluorescence in situ hybridization is not widely used in diagnostic pathology laboratories. A bright field alternative permitting direct visualization of gene amplification using conventional microscopy may be more readily incorporated into routine diagnostic pathology practice. Interobserver reproducibility represents an important component of the validation of such an assay. We tested the hypothesis that a first-generation bright field alternative to fluorescence in situ hybridization, a Nanogold (Nanoprobes, Inc, Yaphank, NY, USA) (or gold-label)/autometallographic assay for HER-2/neu gene amplification in breast carcinoma, can be reproducibly interpreted by pathologists. Reference standard was direct fluorescence in situ hybridization supplemented by RNA/RNA in situ hybridization. Reproducibility of selected conventional histologic parameters was captured based on a hematoxylin and eosin slide accompanying the GOLDFISH preparation (gold-facilitated autometallographic in situ hybridization) as an indication of comparative reproducibility. The average kappa among GOLDFISH observers was 0.84, which was at least or concordant of observers scoring nuclear grade (kappa = 0.50) and the presence of in situ carcinoma (kappa = 0.57) by conventional histopathology. The GOLDFISH assay was specifically designed for qualitative interpretation, thus obviating the need for oil immersion microscopy and signal enumeration, and its interpretation was highly reproducible among five pathologists.
The anatomy of the cardiac veins in mice

Although the cardiac coronary system in mice has been the studied in detail by many research laboratories, knowledge of the cardiac veins remains poor. This is because of the difficulty in marking the venous system with a technique that would allow visualization of these large vessels with thin walls. Here we present the visualization of the coronary venous system by perfusion of latex dye through the right caudal vein. Latex injected intravenously does not penetrate into the capillary system. Murine cardiac veins consist of several principal branches (with large diameters), the distal parts of which are located in the subepicardium. We have described the major branches of the left atrial veins, the vein of the left ventricle, the caudal veins, the vein of the right ventricle and the conal veins forming the conal venous circle or the prepulmonary conal venous arch running around the conus of the right ventricle. The venous system of the heart drains the blood to the coronary sinus (the left cranial caval vein) to the right atrium or to the right cranial caval vein. Systemic veins such as the left cranial caval, the right cranial caval and the caudal vein open to the right atrium. Knowledge of cardiac vein location may help to elucidate abnormal vein patterns in certain genetic malformations.
ROS Signaling Pathways in Chilling Stress

It was known that application of glycine betaine (GB) to plants could improve tolerance to stress caused by chilling, frost, salt, drought and high light intensities, and that this effect was accompanied by gene expression changes, but whether the gene expression changes were implicated in GB’s effect and which genes were involved has been unclear. In the …. issue of Physiologia Plantarum, we identified genes upregulated by GB that are involved in reactive oxygen species (ROS) metabolism and membrane trafficking processes. Direct evidence was provided for a role for a membrane trafficking protein (RabA4c) in GB’s effect on ROS accumulation during chilling. In this Addendum, we discuss our findings that chilling stress is so closely linked with ROS accumulation. Chilling elevates ROS levels and results in inhibited root growth upon transfer of plants back to normal growing conditions. During the 2-4 day recovery period, ROS levels decline in root tips and in leaves. If ROS accumulation in response to chilling is blocked by pretreatment with GB, optimal root growth begins as soon as plants are transferred back to normal growing conditions without a recovery period, suggesting that chilling stress involves a ROS signaling pathway.
Performance of Subspace Based Multi-user CFO Estimation for Interleaved OFDMA Uplink

In order to synchronize multiuser orthogonal frequency division multiplex access (OFDMA) system at the uplink carrier frequency offset (CFO) has to be estimated. In this paper we analyze the performance of subspace based CFO estimation algorithm for multiuser OFDMA recently proposed in the literature. It is shown that CFO estimation error is insensitive to user's channel type because signal structure is conserved. Simulation confirms that subspace based algorithms are very robust to the near-far effect. The floor in root-mean square of estimation error is observed in the case of inter symbol interference. Algorithm behavior at low SNR values is analyzed and also the sensitivity to subspace dimension
Unpacking the curvilinear relationship between negative affectivity, performance, and turnover intentions: The moderating effect of time-related work stress

Abstract This study explores the relationships of negative affectivity with two frequently studied outcome variables job performance and turnover intentions. Conventional wisdom holds that negative affectivity has a harmful impact on both job performance and intentions to leave; however, we propose a more nuanced perspective using empirical and theoretical arguments (e.g., self-regulation theory) to highlight the functional effects of negative affectivity. To test our hypotheses, we collected self-reported and supervisor-reported data from seven organizations in Pakistan. The findings based on data collected from 280 employees show that while negative affectivity is detrimental for job performance, this effect is mitigated as negative affectivity increases. It further shows that the linear negative main effect of negative affectivity on job performance is more pronounced when employees experience less time-related work stress. Finally, the curvilinear relationship between negative affectivity and turnover intentions is moderated by time-related work stress. The relationship has a U shape at high levels of time-related work stress, whereas at low levels it has an inverted U shape. A discussion of the limitations, future research, and implications for theory building and practice conclude the article.
A Compact Model with Spin-Polarization Asymmetry for Nanoscaled Perpendicular MTJs

The aim of this paper is to introduce a compact model for perpendicular spin-transfer torque (STT)-magnetic tunnel junctions (MTJs) implemented in Verilog-A to assure easy integration with electrical circuit simulators. It takes into account the effects of voltage-dependent perpendicular magnetic anisotropy, temperature-dependent parameters, thermal heating/cooling, MTJ process variations, and the spin-torque asymmetry of the Slonczewski spin-polarization function in the switching process. This translates into a comprehensive modeling that was adopted to investigate the writing performance under voltage scaling of a $256\times256$ STT- magnetic random access memory array implemented at three different technology nodes. Obtained results show that scaling from 30- to 20-nm node allows a write energy saving of about 43%, while the supply voltage that assures the minimum-energy write operation increases.
Randomised trial of interferon alpha2b plus ribavirin for 48 weeks or for 24 weeks versus interferon alpha2b plus placebo for 48 weeks for treatment of chronic infection with hepatitis C virus. International Hepatitis Interventional Therapy Group (IHIT)

BACKGROUND Only 15-20% of patients with chronic hepatitis C achieve a sustained virological response with interferon therapy. The aim of this study was to compare the efficacy and safety of interferon alpha2b in combination with oral ribavirin with interferon alone, for treatment of chronic infection with hepatitis C virus (HCV). METHODS 832 patients aged 18 years or more with chronic HCV who had not been treated with interferon or ribavirin, were enrolled and randomly allocated one of three regimens: 3 mega units (MU) interferon alpha2b three times a week plus 1000-1200 mg ribavirin per day for 48 weeks; 3 MU interferon alpha2b three times a week plus 1000-1200 mg ribavirin per day for 24 weeks; or 3 MU interferon alpha2b three times a week and placebo for 48 weeks. All patients were assessed for safety, tolerance, and efficacy at the end of weeks 1, 2, 4, 6, and 8, and every 4 weeks during treatment. After treatment was completed patients were followed up on weeks 4, 8, 12, and 24. The primary endpoint was loss of detectable HCV-RNA (serum HCV-RNA <100 copies/mL) at week 24 after treatment. FINDINGS Sustained virological response at 24 weeks after treatment, was found in 119 (43%) of the 277 patients treated for 48 weeks with the combination regimen, 97 (35%) of the 277 patients treated for 24 weeks with the combination regimen (p=O.055), and 53 (19%) of the 278 patients treated for 48 weeks with interferon alone (p<0.001 vs both combination regimens, intention-to-treat analysis). Logistic regression identified five independent factors significantly associated with response: genotype 2 or 3, viral load less than 2 million copies/mL, age 40 years or less, minimal fibrosis stage, and female sex. Among patients with fewer than three of these factors the odds ratio of sustained response was 2.6 (95% Cl 1.4-4.8; p=0.002) for the 48 week combination regimen compared with 24 weeks of the combination regimen. Discontinuation of therapy for adverse events was more frequent with combination (19%) and monotherapy (13%) given for 48 weeks than combination therapy given for 24 weeks (8%). INTERPRETATION An interferon alpha2b plus ribavirin combination is more effective than 48 weeks of interferon alpha2b monotherapy and has an acceptable safety profile. Patients with few favourable factors benefit more from extending the duration of combination therapy to 48 weeks.
Semantic Web Prefetching Using Semantic Relatedness between Web pages

Internet as become the way of life in the fast growing digital life.Even with the increase in the internet speed, higher latency time is still a challenge. To reduce latency, caching and pre fetching techniques can be used. However, caching fails for dynamic websites which keeps on changing rapidly. Another technique is web prefetching, which prefetches the web pages that the user is likely to request for in the future. Semantic web prefetching makes use of keywords and descriptive texts like anchor text, titles, text surrounding anchor text of the present web pages for predicting users future requests. Semantic information is embedded within the web pages during their designing for the purpose of reflecting the relationship between the web pages. The client can fetch this information from the server. However, this technique involves load on web designers for adding external tags and on server for providing this information along with the desired page, which is not desirable. This paper is an effort to find the semantic relation between web pages using the keywords provided by the user and the anchor texts of the hyperlinks on the present web this http URL provides algorithms for sequential and similar semantic relations. These algorithms will be implemented on the client side which will not cause overhead on designers and load on server for semantic information.
Inhibition of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 Tat activity by coexpression of heterologous trans activators

We examined the mechanism of Tat-mediated trans activation through competition experiments employing Tat proteins of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) and equine infectious anemia virus (EIAV). EIAV Tat, as well as chimeric EIAV/HIV-1 Tat proteins, inhibited HIV-1 Tat-mediated trans activation in a cell-type-dependent fashion. Furthermore, these proteins inhibited trans activation by Tat-bacteriophage R17 coat protein chimeras. Inhibition resulted from competition between activation domains of effectors and competitors for a limiting cellular cofactor. The context in which competitor activation domains were expressed contributed to the extent of inhibition. In transfected cells, EIAV Tat and all chimeric competitors were located primarily in the cytoplasm, whereas HIV-1 Tat was primarily located in the nucleus. These data are consistent with a model for trans activation in which the activation domain of Tat associates with and conveys a cellular factor to the transcription complex via the trans-acting-responsive element (TAR).
Missing link identified: GpBAR1 is a neuronal bile acid receptor

Abstract In addition to their classical functions in aiding the digestion and absorption of lipids, bile acids are increasingly gaining appreciation for their roles in regulating intestinal physiology. Bile acids are now widely considered as hormones that exert a wide range of physiological and pathophysiological effects both within and outside the gastrointestinal (GI) tract. The discovery of the bile acid receptor, GpBAR1, represented a major step forward in our understanding of how cells can sense and respond to bile acids. GpBAR1 is a cell surface G protein‐coupled receptor expressed on adipose tissue and skeletal muscle where it has been found to be an important regulator of cellular metabolism. In a paper published in the current issue of Neurogastroenterology and Motility, Poole et al. investigated the expression and function of GpBAR1 in mouse intestine. They found the receptor to be expressed throughout the GI tract but predominantly on nerves within the myenteric and submucosal plexuses. Employing in vitro and in vivo techniques they demonstrated that activation of GpBAR1 by bile acids inhibits small and large intestinal motor function and delays intestinal transit. The effects of GpBAR1 activation are mediated through activation of cholinergic and nitrergic interneurons. The data reported by Poole et al. provides novel and exciting insights into how bile acids exert their actions in the intestine. This Editorial Viewpoint aims to further consider the potential physiological and pathophysiological implications of their findings.
Results From Belgium's 2016 Report Card on Physical Activity for Children and Youth.

BACKGROUND This 2016 Belgium Report Card on Physical Activity for Children and Youth is the first systematic evaluation of physical activity (PA) behaviors, related health behaviors, health outcomes, and influences thereon, using the Active Healthy Kids Canada grading framework. METHODS A research working group consisting of PA experts from both Flanders and Wallonia collaborated to determine the indicators to be graded, data sources to be used, and factors to be taken into account during the grading process. Grades were finalized after consensus was reached among the research working group and 2 stakeholder groups consisting of academic and policy experts in the fields of PA, sedentary behavior, and dietary behavior. RESULTS Eleven indicators were selected and assigned the following grades: Overall PA (F+), Organized Sport Participation (C-), Active Play (C+), Active Transportation (C-), Sedentary Behaviors (D-), School (B-), Government Strategies and Investment (C+), and Weight Status (D). Incomplete grades were assigned to Family and Peers, Community and the Built Environment, and Dietary Behaviors due to a lack of nationally representative data. CONCLUSIONS Despite moderately positive social and environmental influences, PA levels of Belgian children and youth are low while levels of sedentary behaviors are high.
How Should Individuals Make a Retirement Plan in the Presence of Mortality Risks and Consumption Constraints

This paper investigates optimal retirement planning when investors desire to maintain a certain minimum level of consumption, which can be achieved only by a guaranteed income stream after retirement. Our model incorporates the subsistence level in consumption and social securities and defined-contribution retirement pensions, all of which are necessary to guarantee an income stream. Our model shows that the movements of the optimal risky investments might dramatically change with the subsistence level in consumption. Our numerical results show that the risky investment rate in the retirement pension can increase with the risk-free gross return rate and with the risk aversion level when the low risk-free rate and risk aversion level are both low. Furthermore, the risky investment rate in the retirement pension can decrease even when the market condition is favorable.
Effect of stem water content on sap flow from dormant maple and butternut stems: induction of sap flow in butternut.

Sap flow from excised maple stems collected over the winter (1986/87) was correlated with stem water content. Stem water content was high in the fall (>0.80) and decreased rapidly during 2 weeks of continuous freezing temperatures in late winter (<0.60). Exudation of sap from stem segments subjected to freeze/thaw cycles was small (<10 mL/kg) in the fall, but substantial exudation (45-50 mL/kg) occurred following the decline in water content. These observations are consistent with Milburn's and O'Malley's models (J.A. Milburn, P.E.R. O'Malley [1984] Can J Bot 62: 2101-2106; P.E.R. O'Malley, J.A. Milburn [1983] Can J Bot 61:3100-3106) of sap absorption into gas-filled fibers during freezing. Exudation volume was increased 200 to 300% in maple stems originally at high water content (>0.80) after perfusion with sucrose and dehydration at -12 degrees C. Sap flow was also induced in butternut stem segments after the same treatment. Thus, sap flow may not be unique to maples. Sap flow could not be increased in stem segments dehydrated at 4 degrees C. Migration of water molecules from small ice crystals in fibers to larger crystals in vessels while stems were frozen may account for increase exudation after dehydration at -12 degrees C. This would result in preferential dehydration of fibers and a distribution of gas and sap favorable for stem-based sap flow.