Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Bistable electrowetting displays

The electrowetting D³ technology ("Droplet-Driven-Displays") was invented by ADT. Those displays have features like bistability and highest reflectivity, which offer unique application options for real "No Power ("green") applications ranging from indicators to billboards. This paper describes the fundamentals of D³ EW displays (Passive Matrix, no Active Matrix needed) and system design incl. electronic driving using commercial ICs. We recently demonstrated all backlight modes (reflective, transflective and transmissive). Pixel size ranges from 0.5 to 10 mm and a wide temperature range is covered; color is realized by subtractive CMY stacks with printer-like gamut. The measurements of ambient light contrast ratio and color gamut clearly demonstrates the excellent performance of ADT's electrowetting displays for applications like "No Power" bistable LED indicator replacements and sunlight readable electronic billboards.
Establishment of patient-derived xenografts of retinoblastoma and choroidal melanoma on the avian chorioallantoic membrane

Purpose: To develop a viable in vivo chorioallantoic membrane (CAM) model to study the growth and invasion of patient-derived retinoblastoma (RB) and choroidal melanoma (CM) xenografts (PDXs). The study utilizes primary tumor samples instead of cancer cell lines, which provides a more authentic representation of tumors due to conserved morphology and heterogeneity. Methods: Fertilized chicken eggs were procured, windowed, and their CAM layers were dropped. On embryonic development day (EDD) 10, freshly cut patient-derived CM and RB tumors were implanted on the CAM layer and the setup was incubated for 7 days. The tumor-embedded CAM layer was harvested on EDD 17, and the extracted tumor samples were subjected to hematoxylin and eosin staining and immunohistochemical analysis to evaluate the extent of tumor invasion. Results: Significant changes in the vascularity around the RB and CM PDXs were observed, indicating an angiogenic environment. The cross-sectional histological view of the tumor implant site revealed the invasion of both the tumors into the CAM mesoderm. Invasion of CM into CAM mesoderm was visualized in the form of pigmented nodules, and that of RB was indicated by synaptophysin and Ki-67 positivity in Immunohistochemistry (IHC). Conclusion: The CAM xenograft model was successfully able to support the growth of CM and RB PDXs and their invasion in CAM, thus presenting as a feasible alternative to mammalian models for studying tumorigenicity and invasiveness of ocular tumors. Moreover, this model can further be utilized to develop personalized medicine by inoculating patient-specific tumors for preclinical drug screening.
Isolation of the Ozone QBO in SAGE II Data by Singular-Value Decomposition

Abstract Detailed structure of the global quasi-biennial oscillation (QBO) in ozone is analyzed using Stratospheric Aerosol and Gas Experiment II ozone and nitrogen dioxide data. Emphasis is placed on the midlatitude QBO, in particular its vertical structure and seasonal synchronization. The global QBO signal is isolated using a combination of singular-value decomposition and regression analyses, which combine to act as an accurate QBO digital filter. Results show that the midlatitude ozone QBO has a two-cell structure in the vertical (similar to that at the equator), with in-phase maxima in the lower and middle stratosphere. Both upper- and lower-level anomalies contribute important fractions to the midlatitude column amounts. The lower-level maxima have a broad latitudinal structure (˜15°–60°), and collocation with the strongest background gradients suggests that these anomalies result from mean vertical transport. The, middle stratosphere signal maximizes in the subtropics (10°–40°) and is likely due t.
Multilevel fast‐multipole algorithm for solving combined field integral equations of electromagnetic scattering

The fast multipole method (FMM) has been implemented to speed up the matrix-vector multiply when an iterative method is used to solve the combined field integral equation (CFIE). FMM reduces the complexity from O(N2) to O(N1.5). With a multilevel fast multipole algorithm (MLFMA), it is further reduced to O(N log N). A 110, 592-unknown problem can be solved within 24 h on a SUN Sparc 10. © 1995 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
On semi-continuous hidden Markov modeling

The semicontinuous hidden Markov model is used in a 1000-word speaker-independent continuous speech recognition system and compared with the continuous mixture model and the discrete model. When the acoustic parameter is not well modeled by the continuous probability density, it is observed that the model assumption problems may cause the recognition accuracy of the semicontinuous model to be inferior to the discrete model. A simple method based on the semicontinuous model is investigated, to re-estimate the vector quantization codebook without continuous probability density function assumptions. Preliminary experiments show that such reestimation methods are as effective as the semicontinuous model, especially when the continuous probability density function assumption is inappropriate. <<ETX>>
Diverse Mechanisms of Helicase Loading during DNA Replication Initiation in Bacteria

Initiation of DNA replication is required for cell viability and passage of genetic information to the next generation. Studies in Escherichia coli and Bacillus subtilis have established ATPases associated with diverse cellular activities (AAA+) as essential proteins required for loading of the replicative helicase at replication origins. ABSTRACT Initiation of DNA replication is required for cell viability and passage of genetic information to the next generation. Studies in Escherichia coli and Bacillus subtilis have established ATPases associated with diverse cellular activities (AAA+) as essential proteins required for loading of the replicative helicase at replication origins. AAA+ ATPases DnaC in E. coli and DnaI in B. subtilis have long been considered the paradigm for helicase loading during replication in bacteria. Recently, it has become increasingly clear that most bacteria lack DnaC/DnaI homologs. Instead, most bacteria express a protein homologous to the newly described DciA (dnaC/dnaI antecedent) protein. DciA is not an ATPase, and yet it serves as a helicase operator, providing a function analogous to that of DnaC and DnaI across diverse bacterial species. The recent discovery of DciA and of other alternative mechanisms of helicase loading in bacteria has changed our understanding of DNA replication initiation. In this review, we highlight recent discoveries, detailing what is currently known about the replicative helicase loading process across bacterial species, and we discuss the critical questions that remain to be investigated.
Multi-trophic occupancy modeling connects temporal dynamics of woodpeckers and beetle sign following fire

In conifer forests of western North America, wildlife populations can change rapidly in the decade following wildfire as trees die and animals respond to concomitant resource pulses that occur across multiple trophic levels. In particular, black-backed woodpeckers (Picoides arcticus) show predictable temporal increases then declines following fire; this trajectory is widely believed to be a response to the woodpeckers’ main prey, woodboring beetle larvae of the families Buprestidae and Cerambycidae, but we lack understanding of how abundances of these predators and prey may be associated in time or space. Here, we pair woodpecker surveys over 10 years with surveys of woodboring beetle sign and activity, collected at 128 survey plots across 22 recent fires, to ask whether accumulated beetle sign indicates current or past black-backed woodpecker occurrence, and whether that relationship is mediated by the number of years since fire. We test this relationship using an integrative multi-trophic occupancy model. Our results demonstrate that woodboring beetle sign is a positive indicator of woodpecker presence 1–3 years following fire, an uninformative indicator from 4–6 years after fire, and a negative indicator beginning 7 years following fire. Woodboring beetle activity, itself, is temporally variable and dependent on tree species composition, with beetle sign generally accumulating over time, particularly in stands with diverse tree communities, but decreasing over time in Pinus-dominated stands where faster bark decay rates lead to brief pulses of beetle activity followed by rapid degradation of tree substrate and accumulated beetle sign. Altogether, the strong connections of woodpecker occurrence to beetle activity support prior hypotheses of how multi-trophic interactions govern rapid temporal dynamics of primary and secondary consumers in burned forests. While our results indicate that beetle sign is, at best, a rapidly shifting and potentially misleading measure of woodpecker occurrence, the better we understand the interacting mechanisms underlying temporally dynamic systems, the more successfully we will be able to predict the outcomes of management actions.
Investigation of the Relation between the Spectral Energy Distributions and Emission Lines in Low-Redshift Quasars

We investigate the relations between the observed emission-line strengths, widths, and continuum properties of a sample of 41 low-redshift (z<1) quasars for which contemporaneous IR/soft X-ray spectral energy distributions are available. This includes investigating correlations between optical and UV lines with both the luminosity and the shape of the quasars' continuum, as well as correlations between the various lines. The sample is heterogeneous, primarily selected on the existence of good-quality Einstein X-ray data, and includes 18 radio-loud and 23 radio-quiet quasars. We find anticorrelations between the equivalent width and various UV luminosities (the Baldwin effect) for the Lyα and Hβ lines and a marginal anticorrelation for C III]. Exclusion of narrow-line, low-luminosity active galactic nuclei reveals a significant Baldwin effect for the C IV and C III] lines. A significant anticorrelation of EW(C IV) with αox is also present. We find no correlations between any lines and the X-ray luminosity or X-ray slope. The Fe II optical multiplet shows no simple relationship with luminosity or continuum slope; however, there is a tendency for objects with flat X-ray spectra and/or strong X-ray luminosities to have weak Fe II. Our data do not favor a model in which changes in continuum shape (due to, e.g., a decreasing ionization parameter) cause the Baldwin effect. The data can instead be explained by an accretion disk (AD) model in which limb darkening and the projected surface area of an optically thick, geometrically thin disk combine to cause a viewing-angle-dependent UV luminosity and a more isotropic X-ray luminosity. The scatter in our correlations is larger than that expected from this AD model, suggesting the presence of dust, which reddens both the continuum and the broad emission lines. The C IV and C III] lines show flatter slopes and larger scatter in the line-continuum relations than predicted by the AD+dusty torus model. This may be due to a significant contribution from collisional excitation that is not directly related to the ionizing continuum.
Study to evaluate the relation between weight gain in infants and occurrence of retinopathy of prematurity

Purpose: Retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) is a leading cause of childhood blindness. Capturing serial daily postnatal weight gain can act as an innovative, low-cost method of risk stratification. We aim to study the relation between weight gain in infants and occurrence of ROP. Methods: The prospective, observational study was conducted on 62 infants. ROP screening was done based on the Rashtriya Bal Swasthya Karyakram (RBSK) criteria. Infants were classified into no ROP (n = 28), mild ROP (n = 8), and treatable ROP (n = 26) groups. Average daily postnatal weight gain was measured and its relation to development of ROP was studied. All statistical calculations were done using Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) 21 version (SPSS Inc., Chicago, IL, USA) statistical program for Microsoft Windows. Results: Mean rate of weight gain in no ROP group, mild ROP group, and treatable ROP group was 33.12, 27.19, and 15.31 g/day, respectively (P = 0.001). Mean gestational age and birth weight in treatable group (n = 26) were 31.38 weeks and 1572.31 g, respectively. Receiver operating curve analysis revealed a cutoff of 29.33 g/day for ROP and 21.91 g/day for severe ROP. Conclusion: We concluded that, babies with poor weight gain of below 29.33 g/day are at high risk for ROP and babies with wight gain of 21.91 g/day are at high risk for severe ROP. These babies should be followed meticulously. So, the rate of weight gain of a preterm can help us to prioritize babies.
Update on nonpolio enterovirus and parechovirus infections in neonates and young infants

Purpose of review To review the epidemiology, clinical manifestations, and treatment strategies of nonpolio enterovirus and parechovirus (PeV) infections, and identify research gaps. Recent findings There is currently no approved antiviral agent for enterovirus or PeV infections, although pocapavir may be provided on a compassionate basis. Elucidation of the structure and functional features of enterovirus and PeV may lead to novel therapeutic strategies, including vaccine development. Summary Nonpolio human enterovirus and PeV are common childhood infections that are most severe among neonates and young infants. Although most infections are asymptomatic, severe disease resulting in substantial morbidity and mortality occurs worldwide and has been associated with local outbreaks. Long-term sequelae are not well understood but have been reported following neonatal infection of the central nervous system. The lack of antiviral treatment and effective vaccines highlight important knowledge gaps. Active surveillance ultimately may inform preventive strategies.
Merging flows in an arterial confluence: the vertebro-basilar junction

The basilar artery is one of the three vessels providing the blood supply to the human brain. It arises from the confluence of the two vertebral arteries. In fact, it is the only artery of this size in the human body arising from a confluence instead of a bifurcation. Earlier work, concerning flow computations in simplified models of the basilar artery, has demonstrated that a junction causes distinctive flow phenomena. This paper presents three-dimensional finite-element computations of steady viscous flow in a rigid symmetrical junction geometry representing the anatomical situation in a more realistic way. The geometry consists of two round tubes merging into a single round outlet tube. The Reynolds number for the basilar artery ranges from 200 to 600, and both symmetrical and asymmetrical inflow from the two inlet tubes has been considered. Just downstream of the confluence a ‘double hump’ axial velocity profile is found. In the transition zone the flow pattern appears to have a complicated structure. In the symmetrical case the axial velocity profile shows a sharp central ridge, whereas in the asymmetrical case the highest ‘hump’ crosses the centreline of the tube. The flow has a highly three-dimensional character with secondary velocities easily exceeding 25% of the mean axial flow velocity. The secondary flow pattern consists of four vortices. Under all simulated flow conditions, the inlet length turns out to be much larger than the average length of the human basilar artery. To validate the computational model, a comparison is made between numerical and experimental results for a junction geometry consisting of tubes with a rectangular cross-section. The experiments have been performed in a Perspex model with laser Doppler velocimetry and dye injection techniques. Good agreement between experimental and computational results is found. Moreover, all essential flow phenomena turn out to be quite similar to those obtained for the circular tube geometry.
Implicit Yee-like scheme on tetrahedral mesh

If constitutive laws can be expressed with diagonal matrices in wave propagation problems, Yee-like scheme will be explicit. As finite-element kinds of meshes provide flexibility in modeling complex geometries, they are preferred to regular grids in some cases. However, finding such diagonal matrices for an arbitrary finite-element mesh is not trivial. As a consequence we consider a compromise: find a partially diagonalized matrix to express constitutive laws, and thus, develop an implicit method on tetrahedral mesh.
Effects of dislocations on photoluminescent properties in liquid phase epitaxial GaP

Correlations between photoluminescent decay time and dislocation density were studied in undoped liquid phase epitaxial GaP. Dislocations strongly reduce the photoluminescent decay time, especially in samples in which nonradiative recombination times (τ0) due to shunt paths other than dislocations are long. Dislocations were found to correspond to photoluminescence dark spots whose diameter is correlated with τ0. A quantitative model is presented, which is in good qualitative agreement with the observed photoluminescent−decay−time−versus−dislocation−density relationships.
Effects of siRNA-mediated Silencing of ERBB2, IGF-1R, and ITGB1 in HER2-positive Breast Cancer Cells.

BACKGROUND/AIM One of the hallmarks of cancer is deregulation of multiple signaling pathways, which can lead to uncontrolled proliferation and migration of cells. Over-expression and mutations in human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) can lead to overactivation of these pathways, potentially developing cancer in different tissues, including breast tissue. IGF-1R and ITGB-1 are two receptors that have been linked to cancer development. Therefore, the aim of this study was to investigate the effects of silencing of the corresponding genes using specific siRNAs. MATERIALS AND METHODS Transient silencing of HER2, ITGB-1, and IGF-1R was conducted using siRNAs and expression was quantified by reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reaction. Viability in human breast cancer cells SKBR3, MCF-7, and HCC1954 and cytotoxicity in HeLa cells were tested using WST-1 assay. RESULTS The use of anti-HER2 siRNAs in a breast cancer cell line over-expressing HER2 (SKBR3) led to a decrease in cell viability. However, silencing of ITGB-1 and IGF-1R in the same cell line had no significant effects. Silencing of any of the genes encoding any of the three receptors in MCF-7, HCC1954, and HeLa had no significant effects. CONCLUSION Our results provide evidence towards using siRNAs against HER2-positive breast cancer. Silencing of ITGB-1 and IGF-R1 did not significantly inhibit the growth of SKBR3 cells. Therefore, there is need for testing the effect of silencing ITGB-1 and IGF-R1 in other cancer cell lines over-expressing these biomarkers and explore their potential use in cancer therapy.
Ten Years of Disseminated Gonococcal Infections in North Carolina: A Review of Cases From a Large Tertiary Care Hospital

In this case series, we summarize clinical manifestations of 12 case-patients with disseminated gonococcal infections diagnosed at a tertiary care hospital between 2010 and 2019 and highlight difficulties diagnosing this infection to inform surveillance. Background The detection and reporting of disseminated gonococcal infection (DGI) has been increasing across the United States. Methods We conducted a retrospective chart review of DGI case-patients diagnosed between 2010 and 2019 at a large tertiary care hospital in North Carolina. Results We identified 12 DGI case-patients (7 men and 5 women, aged 20 to 44 years), of whom 5 had Neisseria gonorrheae isolated from a sterile site (confirmed), 2 had N. gonorrheae detected at a nonsterile mucosal site and had clinical manifestations consistent with DGI (probable), and 5 did not have N. gonorrheae isolated from any site, but DGI was the most likely diagnosis (suspect). Among the 12 DGI case-patients, the most common manifestation was arthritis or tenosynovitis (n = 11); 1 patient had endocarditis. Half of the patients had significant underlying comorbidities or predisposing factors, including complement deficiency. Eleven of the 12 case-patients were hospitalized, and 4 required surgical intervention. Conclusions This case series highlights the difficulty of making a definitive diagnosis of DGI, which could negatively affect reporting to public health authorities and hinder surveillance efforts to determine the true prevalence of DGI. A high index of suspicion is required, and a full diagnostic workup should be pursued in all cases of suspected DGI.
Deep learning-based classification of adequate sonographic images for self-diagnosing deep vein thrombosis

Background Pulmonary thromboembolism is a serious disease that often occurs in disaster victims evacuated to shelters. Deep vein thrombosis is the most common reason for pulmonary thromboembolism, and early prevention is important. Medical technicians often perform ultrasonography as part of mobile medical screenings of disaster victims but reaching all isolated and scattered shelters is difficult. Therefore, deep vein thrombosis medical screening methods that can be easily performed by anyone are needed. The purpose of this study was to develop a method to automatically identify cross-sectional images suitable for deep vein thrombosis diagnosis so disaster victims can self-assess their risk of deep vein thrombosis. Methods Ultrasonographic images of the popliteal vein were acquired in 20 subjects using stationary and portable ultrasound diagnostic equipment. Images were obtained by frame split from video. Images were classified as “Satisfactory,” “Moderately satisfactory,” and “Unsatisfactory” according to the level of popliteal vein visualization. Fine-tuning and classification were performed using ResNet101, a deep learning model. Results Acquiring images with portable ultrasound diagnostic equipment resulted in a classification accuracy of 0.76 and an area under the receiver operating characteristic curve of 0.89. Acquiring images with stationary ultrasound diagnostic equipment resulted in a classification accuracy of 0.73 and an area under the receiver operating characteristic curve of 0.88. Conclusion A method for automatically identifying appropriate diagnostic cross-sectional ultrasonographic images of the popliteal vein was developed. This elemental technology is sufficiently accurate to automatically self-assess the risk of deep vein thrombosis by disaster victims.
Delay-dependent stability and H ∞ control: Constant and time-varying delays

Three main model transformations were used in the past for delay-dependent stability. Recently a new (descriptor) model transformation has been introduced. In the present paper, we compare methods under different transformations and show the advantages of the descriptor one. We obtain new delay-dependent stability conditions for systems with time-varying delays in terms of linear matrix inequalities. We also refine recent results on delay-dependent H ∞ control and extend them to the case of time-varying delays. Numerical examples illustrate the effectiveness of our method.