Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Increasing data center network visibility with cisco NetFlow-Lite

NetFlow is the de-facto protocol used to collect IP traffic information by categorizing packets in flows and obtain important flow information, such as IP address, TCP/UDP ports, byte counts. With information obtained from NetFlow, IT managers can gain insights into the activities in the network. NetFlow has become a key tool for network troubleshooting, capacity planning, and anomaly detection. Due to its nature to examine every packet, NetFlow is often implemented on expensive custom ASIC or else suffer major performance hit for packet forwarding, thus limit the adoption. NetFlow-Lite bridges the gap as a lower-cost solution, providing the network visibility similar to those delivered by NetFlow. This paper describes the architecture and implementation of NetFlow-Lite, and how it integrates with nProbe to provide a scalable and easy-to-adopt solution. The validation phase carried on Catalyst 4948E switches has demonstrated that NetFlow-Lite can efficiently monitor high-speed networks and deliver results similar to those provided by NetFlow with satisfactory accuracy.
Human cone photoreceptor dependence on RPE65 isomerase

The visual (retinoid) cycle, the enzymatic pathway that regenerates chromophore after light absorption, is located primarily in the retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) and is essential for rod photoreceptor survival. Whether this pathway also is essential for cone photoreceptor survival is unknown, and there are no data from man or monkey to address this question. The visual cycle is naturally disrupted in humans with Leber congenital amaurosis (LCA), which is caused by mutations in RPE65, the gene that encodes the retinoid isomerase. We investigated such patients over a wide age range (3–52 years) for effects on the cone-rich human fovea. In vivo microscopy of the fovea showed that, even at the youngest ages, patients with RPE65-LCA exhibited cone photoreceptor loss. This loss was incomplete, however, and residual cone photoreceptor structure and function persisted for decades. Basic questions about localization of RPE65 and isomerase activity in the primate eye were addressed by examining normal macaque. RPE65 was definitively localized by immunocytochemistry to the central RPE and, by immunoblotting, appeared to concentrate in the central retina. The central retinal RPE layer also showed a 4-fold higher retinoid isomerase activity than more peripheral RPE. Early cone photoreceptor losses in RPE65-LCA suggest that robust RPE65-based visual chromophore production is important for cones; the residual retained cone structure and function support the speculation that alternative pathways are critical for cone photoreceptor survival.
Detection of Stream Segments in Symbolic Musical Data

A listener is thought to be able to organise musical notes into groups within musical streams/voices. A stream segment is a relatively short coherent sequence of tones that is separated horizontally from co-sounding streams and, vertically from neighbouring musical sequences. This paper presents a novel algorithm that discovers musical stream segments in symbolic musical data. The proposed algorithm makes use of a single set of fundamental auditory principles for the concurrent horizontal and vertical segregation of a given musical texture into stream segments. The algorithm is tested against a small manually-annotated dataset of musical excerpts, and results are analysed; it is shown that the technique is promising.
Multiplex Real-Time PCR for Rapid Staphylococcal Cassette Chromosome mec Typing

ABSTRACT Rapid identification and typing of methicillin (meticillin)-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) is important for understanding the molecular epidemiology and evolution of MRSA and offers many advantages for controlling transmission in both health care and community settings. We developed a rapid molecular beacon real-time PCR (MB-PCR) assay for staphylococcal cassette chromosome mec (SCCmec) typing. The design of this system is based on the established definition of SCCmec types, namely, the combination of the mec class complex with the ccr allotype. The assay consists of two multiplex panels, the combination of which results in two targets (mec class, ccr) for each SCCmec type. MB-PCR panel I targets mecA, ccrB2, mecI, and the ΔmecR1-IS1272 junction (mec class B); it can definitively identify SCCmec types II and IV. MB-PCR panel II detects ccrC, ccrB1, ccrB3, ccrB4, and the ΔmecR1-IS431 junction (mec class C2) and is therefore capable of identifying SCCmec types I, III, V, and VI in combination with panel I. The method can also detect the recently described novel SCCmec type VIII (ccrAB4 with mec class A). Our assay demonstrated 100% concordance when applied to 162 MRSA strains previously characterized by traditional SCCmec typing schemes. Four geographically and temporally diverse S. aureus collections were also successfully classified by our assay, along with 1,683 clinical isolates comprising both hospital- and community-associated MRSA and methicillin-susceptible S. aureus strains. As many as 96 isolates can be classified easily within 3 to 4 h, including DNA isolation, PCR cycling, and analysis. The assay is rapid, robust, sensitive, and cost-effective, allowing for high-throughput SCCmec typing of MRSA isolates.
Discriminative approach to lexical entry selection for automatic speech recognition of agglutinative language

In agglutinative languages, selection of lexical unit is not obvious. Morpheme unit is usually adopted to ensure the sufficient coverage, but many morphemes are short, resulting in weak constraints and possible confusions. In this paper, we propose a discriminative approach to select lexical entries which will directly contribute to ASR error reduction. We define an evaluation function for each word by a set of features and their weights, and the measure for optimization by the difference of WERs by the morpheme-based model and by the word-based model. Then, the weights of the features are learned by a perceptron algorithm. Finally, word (or sub-word) entries with higher evaluation scores are selected to be added to the lexicon. This method is successfully applied to an Uyghur large-vocabulary continuous speech recognition system, resulting in a significant reduction of WER and the lexicon size. Further improvement is achieved by combining with a statistical method based on mutual information criterion.
Carrier Frequency Offset Tracking in the IEEE 802.16e OFDMA Uplink

The IEEE 802.16e standard for nomadic wireless metropolitan area networks adopts orthogonal frequency-division multiple-access (OFDMA) as an air interface. In these systems, residual carrier frequency offsets (CFOs) between the uplink signals and the base station local oscillator give rise to interchannel interference (ICI) as well as multiple access interference (MAI). Accurate CFO estimation and compensation is thus necessary to avoid a serious degradation of the error-rate performance. In this work, we address the problem of CFO tracking in the IEEE 802.16e uplink and present a closed-loop solution based on the least-squares (LS) principle. In doing so, we exploit a set of pilot tones that are available in each user's subchannel. The resulting scheme can be implemented with affordable complexity and is able to reliably track the CFOs of all active users. When used in conjunction with a frequency offset compensator, it can effectively mitigate ICI and MAI, thereby allowing channel equalization and data detection to follow directly. Numerical simulations are used to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed solution in the presence of residual time-varying frequency offsets.
Acquired Form of Angioedema of the Head and Neck Related to a Deficiency in C1-Inhibitor: A Case Report with a Review of the Literature

Angioedema related to a deficiency in the C1-inhibitor protein is characterized by its lack of response to therapies including antihistamine, steroids, and epinephrine. In the case of laryngeal edema, mortality rate is approximately 30 percent. The first case of the acquired form of angioedema related to a deficiency in C1-inhibitor was published in 1972. In our paper, we present a case of an acquired form of angioedema of the oropharyngeal region secondary to the simultaneous occurrence of two causative factors: neutralization of C1-inhibitor by an autoantibody and the use of an angiotensin convertin enzyme inhibitor.
Coordination and Geometric Optimization via Distributed Dynamical Systems

This paper discusses dynamical systems for disk-covering and sphere-packing problems. We present facility location functions from geometric optimization and characterize their differentiable properties. We design and analyze a collection of distributed control laws that are related to nonsmooth gradient systems. The resulting dynamical systems promise to be of use in coordination problems for networked robots; in this setting the distributed control laws correspond to local interactions between the robots. The technical approach relies on concepts from computational geometry, nonsmooth analysis, and the dynamical system approach to algorithms.
Evaluation of Visuo-haptic Feedback in a 3D Touch Panel Interface

In this paper we evaluate the relation between visual and haptic feedback in a 3D touch panel interface and show the optimal latency for natural interaction. We developed a system that consists of an autostereoscopic display and a high-speed stereo camera. With this system, virtual objects are stereoscopically-presented, and the objects respond to the finger movement that is obtained using the stereo camera. We conducted an experiment to evaluate visual and haptic synchronization and the result showed that visual and haptic feedback was the most synchronized with latencies around 150 ms, while finger and button movements were more synchronized with smaller latencies. We also conducted a comparison experiment to explore which synchronization is more important and the result showed that the visual synchronization of finger and button movements is more important than visual and haptic synchronization.
Differential expression and subcellular localization for subunits of cAMP-dependent protein kinase during ram spermatogenesis

The expression of mRNAs for the RI alpha, RII alpha, and C alpha subunits of cAMP-dependent protein kinase has been studied in different ram germ cells. The sizes of the specific RI alpha, RII alpha, and C alpha mRNAs, observed in germ cells were 1.6, 2.0, and 2.6 kb, respectively. RI alpha and C alpha mRNAs were mainly expressed in primary spermatocytes. A postmeiotic expression predominating in early spermatids was unique to RII alpha mRNA. The location of RI, RII alpha, and C subunits in well-defined organelles of ram spermatids and epididymal sperm was assessed by immunogold electron microscopy. In spermatids, RI, RII alpha, and C were essentially present in the forming acrosome and, to a lesser extent, in the nucleus. During sperm epididymal maturation, the protein kinases disappeared from the acrosome and were detected in a variety of sperm functional areas, such as the tip of the acrosome, the motility apparatus, and the membrane network. The present study on subunits of cAMP-dependent protein kinase supports the concept that specific functions are attached to the different subunits in that it shows differential expression and differential subcellular localization in germ cells.
Immunocontraception in Wild Horses (Equus caballus) Extends Reproductive Cycling Beyond the Normal Breeding Season

Background Although the physiological effects of immunocontraceptive treatment with porcine zona pellucida (PZP) have been well studied, little is known about PZP's effects on the scheduling of reproductive cycling. Recent behavioral research has suggested that recipients of PZP extend the receptive breeding period into what is normally the non-breeding season. Methodology/Principal Findings To determine if this is the case, we compiled foaling data from wild horses (Equus caballus) living on Shackleford Banks, North Carolina for 4 years pre- and 8 years post-contraception management with PZP (pre-contraception, n = 65 births from 45 mares; post-contraception, n = 97 births from 46 mares). Gestation lasts approximately 11–12 months in wild horses, placing conception at approximately 11.5 months prior to birth. Since the contraception program began in January 2000, foaling has occurred over a significantly broader range than it had before the contraception program. Foaling in PZP recipients (n = 45 births from 27 mares) has consistently occurred over a broader range than has foaling in non-recipients (n = 52 births from 19 mares). In addition, current recipients of PZP foaled later in the year than did prior recipient and non-recipient mares. Females receiving more consecutive PZP applications gave birth later in the season than did females receiving fewer applications. Finally, the efficacy of PZP declined with increasing consecutive applications before reaching 100% after five consecutive applications. Conclusions/Significance For a gregarious species such as the horse, the extension of reproductive cycling into the fall months has important social consequences, including decreased group stability and the extension of male reproductive behavior. In addition, reproductive cycling into the fall months could have long-term effects on foal survivorship. Managers should consider these factors before enacting immunocontraceptive programs in new populations. We suggest minor alterations to management strategies to help alleviate such unintended effects in new populations.
Snapshot queries: towards data-centric sensor networks

In this paper we introduce the idea of snapshot queries for energy efficient data acquisition in sensor networks. Network nodes generate models of their surrounding environment that are used for electing, using a localized algorithm, a small set of representative nodes in the network. These representative nodes constitute a network snapshot and can be used to provide quick approximate answers to user queries while reducing substantially the energy consumption in the network. We present a detailed experimental study of our framework and algorithms, varying multiple parameters like the available memory of the sensor nodes, their transmission range, the network message loss etc. Depending on the configuration, snapshot queries provide a reduction of up to 90% in the number of nodes that need to participate in a user query.
Scholarly big data information extraction and integration in the CiteSeerχ digital library

CiteSeerχ is a digital library that contains approximately 3.5 million scholarly documents and receives between 2 and 4 million requests per day. In addition to making documents available via a public Website, the data is also used to facilitate research in areas like citation analysis, co-author network analysis, scalability evaluation and information extraction. The papers in CiteSeerχ are gathered from the Web by means of continuous automatic focused crawling and go through a series of automatic processing steps as part of the ingestion process. Given the size of the collection, the fact that it is constantly expanding, and the multiple ways in which it is used both by the public to access scholarly documents and for research, there are several big data challenges. In this paper, we provide a case study description of how we address these challenges when it comes to information extraction, data integration and entity linking in CiteSeerχ. We describe how we: aggregate data from multiple sources on the Web; store and manage data; process data as part of an automatic ingestion pipeline that includes automatic metadata and information extraction; perform document and citation clustering; perform entity linking and name disambiguation; and make our data and source code available to enable research and collaboration.
Tariff (De‐) Escalation with Successive Oligopoly

In this paper, we explore the issue of a simultaneous reduction in tariffs at different stages of a vertically-related market where each stage is oligopolistic. When vertically-related markets are characterized as a successive oligopoly, reducing tariffs by an equivalent amount on upstream and downstream imports will have a differential effect on market access and hence profits at each stage due to a combination of horizontal and vertical effects. As a consequence, in order to maintain parity between the upstream and downstream stages in terms of changes in domestic firms’ profits, tariffs on downstream imports should be reduced proportionately more than tariffs on upstream imports. This provides a rationale for tariff-reduction formulae aimed at reducing tariff escalation.
Symbols and Embodiment: Debates on Meaning and Cognition

1. Framing the debate 2. The limits of covariation 3. Body and symbol in AutoTutor: conversations that are responsive to the learners' cognitive and emotional states 4. Symbolism, embodied cognition and the broader debate 5. What brain imaging can tell us about embodied meaning 6. Grounding language in the brain 7. Symbols and embodiment from the perspective of a neural modeler 8. Symbol systems and perceptual representations 9. Experiential traces and mental simulations in language comprehension 10. Defining embodiment in understanding 11. A mechanistic model of three facets of meaning 12. The symbol grounding problem has been solved. So what's next? 13. Language and simulation in conceptual processing 14. Levels of embodied meaning: from pointing to counterfactuals 15. Language comprehension is both embodied and symbolic! 16. A well-grounded education: the role of perception in science and mathematics 17. Mending or abandoning cognitivism 18. An embodied cognition perspective on symbols, gesture and grounding instruction 19. Reflecting on the debate
Predicting the Quality of Semantic Relations by Applying Machine Learning Classifiers

In this paper, we propose the application of Machine Learning (ML) methods to the Semantic Web (SW) as a mechanism to predict the correctness of semantic relations. For this purpose, we have acquired a learning dataset from the SW and we have performed an extensive experimental evaluation covering more than 1,800 relations of various types. We have obtained encouraging results, reaching a maximum of 74.2% of correctly classified semantic relations for classifiers able to validate the correctness of multiple types of semantic relations (generic classifiers) and up to 98% for classifiers focused on evaluating the correctness of one particular semantic relation (specialized classifiers).
DESKS: Direction-Aware Spatial Keyword Search

Location-based services (LBS) have been widely accepted by mobile users. Many LBS users have direction-aware search requirement that answers must be in the search direction. However to the best of our knowledge there is not yet any research available that investigates direction-aware search. A straightforward method first finds candidates without considering the direction constraint, and then generates the answers by pruning those candidates which invalidate the direction constraint. However this method is rather expensive as it involves a lot of useless computation on many unnecessary directions. To address this problem, we propose a direction-aware spatial keyword search method which inherently supports direction-aware search. We devise novel direction-aware indexing structures to prune unnecessary directions. We develop effective pruning techniques and search algorithms to efficiently answer a direction-aware query. As users may dynamically change their search directions, we propose to incrementally answer a query. Experimental results on real datasets show that our method achieves high performance and outperforms existing methods significantly.
Progressing the definition of "e-book"

Purpose – This paper aims to propose a definition for the concept “e‐book” on the basis of an analysis of existing definitions. The e‐book marketplace is growing rapidly and the potential impact of e‐books on publishers, librarian and users is increasing in significance. Yet, there is agreement that despite a few widely accepted definitions there is no consensus on the definition of the term e‐book, and, further that consensus on the definition would be beneficial for both researchers and practitioners.Design/methodology/approach – This paper starts with a brief overview of the developments in e‐books, covering technologies, marketplaces, and the attractions and challenges associated with e‐books for users and libraries. It then reports on a content analysis of existing definitions of e‐book. A collection of definitions was compiled through an exhaustive literature review. Content analysis was performed to identify the frequency of occurrence of key words and phrases across these definitions.Findings – Th.
A confidence limit for the empirical mode decomposition and Hilbert spectral analysis

The confidence limit is a standard measure of the accuracy of the result in any statistical analysis. Most of the confidence limits are derived as follows. The data are first divided into subsections and then, under the ergodic assumption, the temporal mean is substituted for the ensemble mean. Next, the confidence limit is defined as a range of standard deviations from this mean. However, such a confidence limit is valid only for linear and stationary processes. Furthermore, in order for the ergodic assumption to be valid, the subsections have to be statistically independent. For non‐stationary and nonlinear processes, such an analysis is no longer valid. The confidence limit of the method here termed EMD/HSA (for empirical mode decomposition/Hilbert spectral analysis) is introduced by using various adjustable stopping criteria in the sifting processes of the EMD step to generate a sample set of intrinsic mode functions (IMFs). The EMD technique acts as a pre‐processor for HSA on the original data, producing a set of components (IMFs) from the original data that equal the original data when added back together. Each IMF represents a scale in the data, from smallest to largest. The ensemble mean and standard deviation of the IMF sample sets obtained with different stopping criteria are calculated, and these form a simple random sample set. The confidence limit for EMD/HSA is then defined as a range of standard deviations from the ensemble mean. Without evoking the ergodic assumption, subdivision of the data stream into short sections is unnecessary; hence, the results and the confidence limit retain the full‐frequency resolution of the full dataset. This new confidence limit can be applied to the analysis of nonlinear and non‐stationary processes by these new techniques. Data from length‐of‐day measurements and a particularly violent recent earthquake are used to demonstrate how the confidence limit is obtained and applied. By providing a confidence limit for this new approach, a stable range of stopping criteria for the decomposition or sifting phase (EMD) has been established, making the results of the final processing with HSA, and the entire EMD/HSA method, more definitive.