Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Effect of light energy on peroxide tooth bleaching.

BACKGROUND Light-activated bleaching is a method of tooth whitening. The authors conducted a study to compare the whitening effects and tooth temperature changes induced by various combinations of peroxide bleaches and light sources. METHODS The authors randomly assigned 250 extracted human teeth halves into experimental groups (n = 10). A placebo gel (control), a 35 percent hydrogen peroxide or a 10 percent carbamide peroxide bleach was placed on the tooth surface and was irradiated with no light (control); a halogen curing light; an infrared, or IR, light; an argon laser; or a carbon dioxide, or CO2, laser. Color changes were evaluated immediately, one day and one week after treatment using a value-oriented shade guide and an electronic dental color analyzer. The outer enamel and inner dentin surface temperatures were monitored before and immediately after each 30-second application of light using a thermocouple thermometer. RESULTS Color and temperature changes were significantly affected by an interaction of the bleach and light variables. The application of lights significantly improved the whitening efficacy of some bleach materials, but it caused significant temperature increases in the outer and inner tooth surfaces. The IR and CO2 laser lights caused the highest tooth temperature increases. CONCLUSIONS Dentists performing an in-office bleaching technique with the use of an additional light source to accelerate tooth whitening should consider the specific bleaching agent being used, as well as the potential risks of heating teeth. CLINICAL IMPLICATIONS A specific combination of bleach and light that demonstrates good color change and little temperature rise should be selected for in-office tooth bleaching.
Positive charges on the translocating polypeptide chain arrest movement through the translocon

Polypeptide chains synthesized by membrane-bound ribosomes are translocated through, and integrated into, the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) membrane by means of the protein translocation channel, the translocon. Positive charges on the nascent chain determine the orientation of the hydrophobic segment as it is inserted into the translocon and enhance the stop-translocation of translocating hydrophobic segments. Here we show that positive charges temporarily arrested ongoing polypeptide chain movement through the ER translocon by electrostatic interaction, even in the absence of a hydrophobic segment. The C-terminus of the polypeptide chain was elongated during the arrest, and then the full-length polypeptide chain moved through the translocon. The translocation-arrested polypeptide was not anchored to the membrane and the charges were on the cytoplasmic side of the membrane. The arrest effect was prevented by negatively charged residues inserted into the positive-charge cluster, and it was also suppressed by high salt conditions. We propose that positive charges are independent translocation regulators that are more active than previously believed.
Performance Gain of Space-Time-Frequency Concatenated LDPC Codes

This paper introduces a STFC-LDPC (space-time-frequency code low density parity check) concatenated coding scheme for high performance MIMO (multiple input, multiple output) systems. The coding design and performance evaluation are illustrated for various frequency-selective block fading conditions and compared with a STC-LDPC (space-time code LDPC) concatenated scheme over quasi-static fading conditions. The codes were analyzed and compared in space-selective conditions using various PDPs (power-delay profiles) to illustrate the performance gain of this newly proposed coding technique. The proposed STFC-LDPC showed a performance increase compared to the STC-LDPC scheme due to the inherent higher diversity of the STFC and is a suitable coding technique for high performance MIMO systems.
Effect of Chemical Additives on Bacillus thuringiensis (Bacillales: Bacillaceae) Against Plutella xylostella (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae)

ABSTRACT To examine the effect of chemical additives on Bacillus thuringiensis (Berliner) against Plutella xylostella (L.), inorganic salts, nitrogenous compounds, protein solubilizing agents, and organic acids were selected and tested. The chosen materials are low in cost and environmentally safe. Results show that many inorganic salts can increase the activity of B. thuringiensis in a range of 1.31-to 3.08-fold. These include calcium acetate, calcium chloride, calcium hydroxide, calcium sulfate, calcium carbonate, sodium carbonate, sodium acetate, potassium hydroxide, potassium carbonate, potassium acetate, magnesium chloride, magnesium sulfate, and zinc sulfate. Nitrogenous compounds, including peptone, sodium nitrate, and ammonium nitrate, can enhance the activity of B. thuringiensis 1.62-, 1.32-, and 1.37-fold, respectively. Among the protein solubilizing agents, EDTA, urea, mercaptoethanol and dipotassium hydrogen phosphate increased the activity of B. thuringiensis 1.62- to 2.34-fold. Among the organic acids, maleic and citric acids boosted the activity 1.45- and 1.55-fold, respectively. Meanwhile, sodium benzoate and resorcinol led to 1.74- and 1.44-fold activity gains, respectively. Use of appropriate additives could provide great benefit not only in reducing the costs for field applications of biological insecticides but also by boosting the efficacy of B. thuringiensis.
Children's Participation in Ethnographic Research: Issues of Power and Representation.

The recognition of children's social agency and active participation in research has significantly changed children's position within the human and social sciences and led to a weakening of taken-for-granted assumptions found in more conventional approaches to child research. In order to hear the voices of children in the representation of their own lives it is important to employ research practices such as reflexivity and dialogue. These enable researchers to enter into children's ‘cultures of communication’. Drawing on detailed examples from an ethnographic study on child health and self-care, the article examines issues of power, voice and representation central to the discussion of children's participation.
Depression, Angst und Essstörungssymptomatik und erinnertes elterliches Erziehungsverhalten

Zusammenfassung. Fragestellung: Pravalenz und Geschlechtsunterschiede depressiver, Angst- und Essstorungssymptomatik bei jungen Erwachsenen und Zusammenhange mit erinnertem elterlichen Erziehungsverhalten. Methode: Querschnitterhebung anhand von Selbstbeurteilungsskalen (Fragebogen zum erinnerten elterlichen Erziehungsverhalten, Beck Angstinventar, Fragebogen zur Depressionsdiagnostik nach DSM-IV, Eating Attitudes Test) bei 707 durchschnittlich 20-jahrigen Studienanfangern. Ergebnisse: Punktpravalenzraten: 6,2 % fur depressive Storungen, 5,2 % fur Angststorungen und 6,9 % fur Essstorungen, wobei Frauen erwartungsgemas hinsichtlich aller drei Storungen hohere Raten zeigen. Deutliche Zusammenhange soziodemographischer und biographischer Faktoren mit dem erinnerten elterlichen Erziehungsverhalten und psychischen Storungen liegen vor. Auch nach Kontrolle von Faktoren wie Geschlecht, Scheidung der Eltern oder Vorliegen einer chronischen korperlichen Krankheit zeigt sich die vorhandene Bedeutung des erinnerten .
Inhibition of VEGF-A prevents the angiogenic switch and results in increased survival of Apc+/min mice

Anti-VEGF-A monoclonal antibodies, in combination with chemotherapy, result in a survival benefit in patients with metastatic colorectal and non-small cell lung cancer, but little is known regarding the impact of anti-VEGF-A therapy on benign or premalignant tumors. The Apc+/min mice have been widely used as a model recapitulating early intestinal adenoma formation. To investigate whether tumor growth in Apc+/min mice is mediated by VEGF-A-dependent angiogenesis, we used two independent approaches to inhibit VEGF-A: monotherapy with a monoclonal antibody (Mab) targeting VEGF-A and genetic deletion of VEGF-A selectively in intestinal epithelial cells. Short-term (3 or 6 weeks) treatment with anti-VEGF-A Mab G6–31 resulted in a nearly complete suppression of adenoma growth throughout the small intestine. Growth inhibition by Mab G6–31 was associated with a decrease in vascular density. Long-term (up to 52 weeks) treatment with Mab G6–31 led to a substantial increase in median survival. Deletion of VEGF-A in intestinal epithelial cells of Apc+/min mice yielded a significant inhibition of tumor growth, albeit of lesser magnitude than that resulting from Mab G6–31 administration. These results establish that inhibition of VEGF-A signaling is sufficient for tumor growth cessation and confers a long-term survival benefit in an intestinal adenoma model. Therefore, VEGF-A inhibition may be a previously uncharacterized strategy for the prevention of the angiogenic switch and growth in intestinal adenomas.
Effects of Mg composition on open circuit voltage of Cu 2 O – Mg x Zn 1 x O heterojunction solar cells

MgxZn1 xO (0rxr0.13) films grown by metal-organic chemical vapor deposition (MOCVD) were chosen as the n-type semiconductor layer forming a heterojunction with electrodeposited p-type cuprous oxide (Cu2O) for photovoltaic applications in this study. We investigated the effects of Mg contents (x) on the performance of Ag–Cu2O–MgxZn1 xO–fluorine-doped tin oxide (FTO)-glass heterojunction solar cells, where Ag and FTO are used as top and bottom electrodes, respectively. An enhancement of the open-circuit voltage (VOC) with the increase of x, from 251 mV at x1⁄40 to 570 mV at x1⁄410%, was observed. In order to understand how VOC increases with Mg%, the band alignment between Cu2O and MgxZn1 xO was demonstrated using X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) measurements. The result indicates that the conduction band of MgxZn1 xO moves closer to the vacuum level with increasing of x, leading to a decrease of the conduction band offset between MgxZn1 xO and Cu2O and hence an enhancement of theoretical VOC. Another improvement with the increase of Mg% was realized on the shunt resistance (Rsh) of devices. With the improved VOC and Rsh, a relatively high solar power conversion efficiency (ZAM1.51⁄40.71%) was obtained on the MgxZn1 xO (x1⁄410%) based solar cell. & 2011 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
Self-rectifying bipolar TaOx/TiO2 RRAM with superior endurance over 1012 cycles for 3D high-density storage-class memory

To satisfy strict requirements of storage-class memory, a bipolar TaOx/TiO2 RRAM has been developed. Numerous highly desired features, including: (1) extremely high endurance over 1012 cycles, (2) forming free, (3) self compliance, (4) self rectification ratio up to 105 required for ultrahigh-density 3D vertical RRAM, (5) multiple-level-per-cell capability, (6) room-temperature process, and (7) fab-friendly materials, have been demonstrated simultaneously for the first time.
Personality Measurement and Assessment in Large Panel Surveys

Abstract Personality tests are being added to large panel studies with increasing regularity, such as the Health and Retirement Study (HRS). To facilitate the inclusion and interpretation of these tests, we provide some general background on personality psychology, personality assessment, and the validity of personality tests. In this review, we provide background on definitions of personality, the strengths and weaknesses of the self-report approaches to personality testing typically used in large panel studies, and the validity of personality tests for three outcomes: genetics, income, and health. We conclude with recommendations on how to improve personality assessment in future panel studies.
Information Leaks in Structured Peer-to-Peer Anonymous Communication Systems

We analyze information leaks in the lookup mechanisms of structured peer-to-peer (P2P) anonymous communication systems and how these leaks can be used to compromise anonymity. We show that the techniques used to combat active attacks on the lookup mechanism dramatically increase information leaks and the efficacy of passive attacks, resulting in a tradeoff between robustness to active and passive attacks. We study this tradeoff in two P2P anonymous systems: Salsa and AP3. In both cases, we find that, by combining both passive and active attacks, anonymity can be compromised much more effectively than previously thought, rendering these systems insecure for most proposed uses. Our results hold even if security parameters are changed or other improvements to the systems are considered. Our study, therefore, shows the importance of considering these attacks in P2P anonymous communication.
Entropic-acoustic instability of shocked Bondi accretion I. What does perturbed Bondi accretion sound like?

In the radial flow of gas into a black hole (i.e. Bondi accretion), the infall of any entropy or vorticity perturbation produces acoustic waves propagating outward. The dependence of this acoustic flux on the shape of the perturbation is investigated in detail. This is the key process in the mechanism of the entropic-acoustic instability proposed by Foglizzo & Tagger ([CITE]) to explain the instability of Bondi-Hoyle-Lyttleton accretion. These acoustic waves create new entropy and vorticity perturbations when they reach the shock, thus closing the entropic-acoustic cycle. With an adiabatic index $1 l of the perturbations.When advected adiabatically inward, entropy and vorticity perturbations trigger acoustic waves propagating outward, with an efficiency which is highest for non radial perturbations $l=1$. The outgoing acoustic flux produced by the advection of vorticity perturbations is always moderate and peaks at rather low frequency. By contrast, the acoustic flux produced by an entropy wave is highest close to the refraction cut-off. It can be very large if γ is close to $5/3$. These results suggest that the shocked Bondi flow with $\gamma=5/3$ is strongly unstable with respect to the entropic-acoustic mechanism.
Self-Employment and the Earnings of Immigrants

We examine the question of the economic returns to immigrants engaged in self-employment.Based on samples of four entrepreneurial immigrants plus control samples of Blacks and Whites from the 1980 [U.S.] Public Use Microdata Sample we find large differences in the net effect of self-employment depending on the use of a linear (absolute dollar values) or loglinear (relative returns) form. We examine various explanations for the discrepancy and identify the role of outliers as significant. The loglinear form fits the data better but at the cost of obliterating substantively important information namely the preponderance of the self-employed among positive outliers. Effects of excluding the latter from the linear form and the theoretical and policy implications of alternative specifications of the earnings equation are examined. (EXCERPT)
A New Cascade Model for the Hierarchical Joint Classification of Multitemporal and Multiresolution Remote Sensing Data

In this paper, we propose a novel method for the joint classification of both multidate and multiresolution remote sensing imagery, which represents an important and relatively unexplored classification problem. The proposed classifier is based on an explicit hierarchical graph-based model that is sufficiently flexible to address a coregistered time series of images collected at different spatial resolutions. Within this framework, a novel element of the proposed approach is the use of multiple quadtrees in cascade, each associated with the images available at each observation date in the considered time series. For each date, the input images are inserted in a hierarchical structure on the basis of their resolutions, whereas missing levels are filled in with wavelet transforms of the images embedded in finer-resolution levels. This approach is aimed at both exploiting multiscale information, which is known to play a crucial role in high-resolution image analysis, and supporting input images acquired at different resolutions in the input time series. The experimental results are shown for multitemporal and multiresolution optical data.
Signal transduction of Helicobacter pylori during interaction with host cell protein receptors of epithelial and immune cells

Helicobacter pylori infections can induce pathologies ranging from chronic gastritis, peptic ulceration to gastric cancer. Bacterial isolates harbor numerous well-known adhesins, vacuolating cytotoxin VacA, protease HtrA, urease, peptidoglycan, and type IV secretion systems (T4SS). It appears that H. pylori targets more than 40 known host protein receptors on epithelial or immune cells. A series of T4SS components such as CagL, CagI, CagY, and CagA can bind to the integrin α5β1 receptor. Other targeted membrane-based receptors include the integrins αvβ3, αvβ5, and β2 (CD18), RPTP-α/β, GP130, E-cadherin, fibronectin, laminin, CD46, CD74, ICAM1/LFA1, T-cell receptor, Toll-like receptors, and receptor tyrosine kinases EGFR, ErbB2, ErbB3, and c-Met. In addition, H. pylori is able to activate the intracellular receptors NOD1, NOD2, and NLRP3 with important roles in innate immunity. Here we review the interplay of various bacterial factors with host protein receptors. The contribution of these interactions to signal transduction and pathogenesis is discussed.
Production of succinic acid through overexpression of NAD(+)-dependent malic enzyme in an Escherichia coli mutant

NAD(+)-dependent malic enzyme was cloned from the Escherichia coli genome by PCR based on the published partial sequence of the gene. The enzyme was overexpressed and purified to near homogeneity in two chromatographic steps and was analyzed kinetically in the forward and reverse directions. The Km values determined in the presence of saturating cofactor and manganese ion were 0.26 mM for malate (physiological direction) and 16 mM for pyruvate (reverse direction). When malic enzyme was induced under appropriate culture conditions in a strain of E. coli that was unable to ferment glucose and accumulated pyruvate, fermentative metabolism of glucose was restored. Succinic acid was the major fermentation product formed. When this fermentation was performed in the presence of hydrogen, the yield of succinic acid increased. The constructed pathway represents an alternative metabolic route for the fermentative production of dicarboxylic acids from renewable feedstocks.
Fermi and eROSITA Bubbles as Persistent Structures of The Milky Way Galaxy

The Fermi and eROSITA bubbles, large diffuse structures in our Galaxy, can be the by-products of the steady star formation activity. To simultaneously explain the star formation history of the Milky Way and the metallicity of $\sim$ Z$_\odot$ at the Galactic disk, a steady Galactic wind driven by cosmic-rays is required. For tenuous gases with a density of $\lesssim$10$^{-3}$ cm$^{-3}$, the cosmic-ray heating dominates over radiative cooling, and the gas can maintain the virial temperature of $\sim$0.3 keV ideal for escape from the Galactic system as the wind. A part of the wind falls back onto the disk like a galactic fountain flow. We model the wind dynamics according to the Galactic evolution scenario and find that the scale height and surface brightness of the X-ray and the hadronic gamma-ray emissions from such fountain flow region can be consistent with the observed properties of the Fermi and eROSITA bubbles. This implies that the bubbles are persistent structures of the Milky Way existing over (at least) the last $\sim$1 Gyr, rather than evanescent structures formed by non-trivial, $\sim$10 Myr past Galactic Center transient activities.
Thymus dependence of theta-bearing cells in the peripheral lymphoid tissues of mice.

In mice thymectomized as newborns, thymectomized as adults and irradiated, and in nude mice with congenital absence of the thymus, there is a marked reduction in the number of θ-bearing lymphocytes in the lymph nodes and spleen. This suggests that θ is present on those lymphocytes which are thymus-derived. Using 51Cr and dye exclusion cytotoxic testing, approximately 65–85 per cent of lymph node and thoracic duct lymphocytes and 30–50 per cent of spleen lymphocytes were found to have θ on their surface.
Transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation as an adjunct for controlling chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting in gynecologic oncology patients.

BACKGROUND To evaluate the efficacy of a miniaturized portable transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation (TENS) unit (ReliefBand) as an adjunct to standard antiemetic therapy for controlling nausea and vomiting induced by cisplatin-based chemotherapy in gynecologic oncology patients. METHODS Forty-two patients were enrolled in a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled parallel-subjects trial with a follow-up crossover trial. All patients received a standardized antiemetic protocol, then wore the ReliefBand continuously for 7 days. RESULTS Thirty-two patients were evaluable for the parallel-subjects component, 16 in each group. The percentage of patients with absent or minimal nausea was 59% overall, which was similar to that for both the active (56%) and placebo (62%) groups. The incidence and severity of nausea and vomiting was similar for each group. Eighteen patients completed two consecutive cycles and were evaluable for the crossover component. The average age of the crossover patients and their dose intensity were comparable with those of the overall study population (56.3 versus 58.6 years and 22.7 versus 22.7 mg/m2/week, respectively). The percentage of cycles with absent or minimal nausea was 47% overall, which was similar to that of the active (50%) and placebo (44%) cycles. However, the severity of nausea was significantly lower in the active cycles during days 2 to 4. Patients averaged less than one episode of vomiting daily in each cycle. CONCLUSIONS The ReliefBand is an effective adjunct to standard antiemetic agents for controlling nausea induced by cisplatin-based chemotherapy in gynecologic oncology patients.
Temperature, Abundance, and Mass Density Proling of the Perseus Galaxy Cluster

Clusters of galaxies are massive structures containing approximately 10 15 solar masses. The mass contained in clusters provided the rst hints of the existence of dark matter. The hot intra-cluster medium (ICM), which is a gas with a temperature of 10 8 Kelvin, is easily detected by X-Ray telescopes. Of particular interest is the close Perseus galaxy cluster, one of the brightest X-Ray emitting galaxy clusters in the sky. Due to the large angular extent of the cluster, background noise subtraction is particularly challenging, and has yet to be completed using the full set of Perseus observations from the XMM-Newton X-Ray Telescope. Detailed temperature and abundance radial prole maps have revealed a signicant lack of homogeneity within the cluster. Previous surveys of Perseus with the Suzaku telescope, which has a worse angular resolution and less light collecting area than XMM-Newton, revealed over-densities of X-Ray emission. These results provide evidence that the baryon fraction exceeds the universal average, which we had initially hoped to study. We have yet to conrm