Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Health status, antioxidants and milk quality of goats reared under stall-fed and free range grazing system

The present study was conducted to determine health status and milk quality of goats reared under stall fed and free range grazing system. The research areas reported higher THI throughout the summer. Respiration rate (RR) and heart rate (HR) was significantly higher during summer in both the groups. Both groups had significantly increased neutrophils and eosinophils during the summer and increased Hb, PCV, and lymphocyte during the winter. Stall fed goats had significantly higher MDA during summer. The free range group had significantly higher levels of SOD and GSH in the summer and winter, respectively.Vitamins C and E levels declined during the summer. In both the groups, summer levels of aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), and plasma alkaline phosphatase (ALP) were significantly higher but remained within the reference range. During the summer, both groups of goats showed a significant decrease in plasma glucose, triglycerides, and cholesterol. Total proteins (TP) and Albumin both significantly declined during the winter in both the groups. Total immunoglobulins significantly increased during the winter in the free range group. Throughout the winter and the summer, respectively, the fat percentage increased in the milk of the stall-fed and free-range groups. Moreover, solid not fat (SNF) significantly declined in stall fed group during the winter. Also, there was no discernible difference in the amount of milk proteins between the groups; however, during the summer, it was discovered that stall-fed goats had more of them. The milk lactose significantly increased in both the groups in the time of summer though the increase was remarkable in stall fed goats. The present study indicated that stall fed and free range reared goats in winter and summer exhibit physiological variation in their health state, milk production, and composition.
Democracy as an Elite Tool for Oppressing the Majority: A Case of Selected African Countries

This paper seeks to establish and investigate the incontrovertible scenarios that the people of Zimbabwe and Uganda experienced during the dawn of democracy. This paper argues that "democracy" is a system beneficial to the elites but unbearable and detrimental to the livelihoods of ordinary people in Zimbabwe and Uganda. The democratic breakthrough in these countries brought hope, confidence, and zest to the proletariats that their dire socio-economic conditions would be transformed for the better. But little did they know that their conditions would be exacerbated than ever before. The high levels of inequalities, poverty and unemployment in these countries continue to haunt the people. Unfortunately, this happens under the ambit of AU, which is tight-lipped to such conditions people are going through. Regrettably, it appears as if the ones who are in positions of leadership are fueling the abuse of democracy, wherein they abuse their power in government to orchestrate their illegitimate shenanigans. Subsequently, human rights are often violated and suppressed when the “mighty” officials want to influence the processes of democracy with a direct autocratic system. Despite the calls from the UN that human rights and democracy should be respected and adhered to, people continue to witness the violence and suppression of such principles under the ambit of democratic governments. This paper uses a qualitative research approach to analyze the scenarios of the abuse of democracy in these countries. This paper finds that the violation of freedom of expression, assembly, and freedom of association is prevalent in these countries. Therefore, the paper recommends that structures such as the AU should enforce their responsibilities to safeguard and protect the rights of the people as per democratic states.
A large-scale numerical model of sea ice

Work at the National Center for Atmospheric Research has resulted in the construction of a large-scale sea ice model capable of coupling with atmospheric and oceanic models of comparable resolution. The sea ice model itself simulates the yearly cycle of ice in both the northern and the southern hemispheres. Horizontally, the resolution is approximately 200 km, while vertically the model includes four layers, ice, snow, ocean, and atmosphere. Both thermodynamic and dynamic processes are incorporated, the thermodynamics being based on energy balances at the various interfaces and the dynamics being based on the following five stresses: wind stress, water stress, Coriolis force, internal ice resistance, and the stress from the tilt of the sea surface. Although the ice within a given grid square is of uniform thickness, each square also has a variable percentage of its area assumed ice free. The model results produce a reasonable yearly cycle of sea ice thickness and extent in both the Arctic and the Antarctic. The arctic ice grows from a minimum in September, when the edge has retreated from most coastlines, to a maximum in March, when the ice has reached well into the Bering Sea, has blocked the north coast of Iceland, and has moved southward of the southernmost tip of Greenland. Maximum arctic thicknesses are close to 4 m. In the Antarctic the ice expands from a minimum in March to a maximum in late August, remaining close to the continent in the former month and extending northward of 60°S in the latter month. Maximum thicknesses are about 1.4 m. The distribution of modeled ice concentrations correctly reveals a more compact ice cover in the northern hemisphere than in the southern hemisphere. Modeled ice velocities obtain both the Beaufort Sea gyre and the Transpolar Drift Stream in the arctic summer as well as the Transpolar and East Greenland Drift streams in the winter. In the Antarctic, simulated velocities reveal predominantly westerly motion north of 58°S, with smaller-scale cyclonic motions closer to the continent.
Zircon LA-ICP MS U-Pb Dating of Granite from the Yingchengzi Gold Deposit Area in the Eastern Zhangguangcailing Area and Its Geological Significance

The Yingchengzi gold deposit located at the western Jiamusi massif and the eastern Zhangguangcailing area is a deposit related to shearing zone.This study firstly carried out research by zircon LA-ICP MS U-Pb dating on the widely exposed biotite alkali-feldspar granite in the area.The analysis yielded four sets of U-Pb concordant ages for single zircons:612±4Ma,495.2±2.7Ma,476.8±5.5Ma and 431±3Ma by LA-ICP MS.The age of 612±4Ma presents the characteristics of granitic zircon formed during the process of late Proterozoic crustal growth;the age of 495.2±2.7Ma is consistent with the time of Mashan Group metamorphism and the age of 431±3Ma with the regional metamorphism in the late Paleozoic;the zircon age of 476.8±5.5Ma represents the real crystallization age of the biotite alkali-feldspar granite.The result records the important event of crustal growth ever occurring during the mid-late Proterozoic,and the new crust was opened to form an ocean.Until the early Early Paleozoic,the terrenes between the ocean were collided and aroused granulite facies metamorphism with the Mashan Group in the area.In the late Early Paleozoic,the intercontinental ocean was finally closed,forming syn-collisional granite in the western Jiamusi massif,which shows the features of crustal source.Since then,the ductile deformation with the collision offered some advantages for the formation of gold deposits.
Genetic Variability and Antimicrobial Susceptibility Profile of Mycoplasma gallisepticum and Antimicrobial Susceptibility Profile of Mycoplasma synoviae Isolated from Various Bird Species in Peninsular Malaysia

Mycoplasma gallisepticum (MG) and M. synoviae (MS) can infect many bird species. Susceptible species of birds are responsible for spillover infections from poultry to wild birds. In Malaysia, previous studies reported the detection of MG in free-flying birds, but there is a lack of information on the characterization and antimicrobial susceptibility profile of these isolates. Therefore, this study aims to molecular characterize and assess the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of MG and MS isolated from different bird species, including aviary, free-flying, and pet birds. Altogether 54 choanal slit swab samples were collected. All the swab samples were subjected to isolation and polymerase chain reaction (PCR) detection. Positive samples were subjected to molecular characterization and MIC assay. Molecular characterization was done using targeted gene sequencing, and microdilution MIC assay was employed to determine the antimicrobial susceptibility profile of the isolates. Using both culture and PCR techniques, 5.6% (3/54) of the samples were positive for MG, while MS was detected in 29.6% (16/54) and 40.7% (22/54) of samples using culture and PCR, respectively. The partial sequence of the mgc2 gene showed a distinct pattern of this gene in one of the MG isolates. Phylogenetic analysis of this isolate indicated that this isolate is a progeny of a Thailand poultry strain. Microdilution MIC assay indicated 100% resistance to erythromycin and chlortetracycline. The findings of this study indicate the possibility of avian interspecies transmission of MG and MS in Malaysia and the need for antimicrobial treatment dosage optimization.
Impact of integrated nutrient management on leaf nutrient content in Nagpur mandarin

The experiment was conducted in the orchard, at Regional Fruit Research Station, Katol, Dr. Panjabrao Deshmukh Krishi Vidyapeeth during 2021-22. The study was initiated in an eleven-year-old Nagpur mandarin orchard under normal planting density (6 m x 6 m). The experiment was laid out in Randomized Block Design (RBD) with nine treatments comprising various combinations of FYM, biofertilizers, RDF and foliar spray of micronutrients with three replications. The treatments comprise T 1 - Only FYM @ 50 kg tree -1 + Biofertilizers, T 2 - 100 % Recommended dose of NPK, T 3 -100 % Recommended dose of N only + FYM @ 50 kg tree -1 + Biofertilizers, T 4 -100 % Recommended dose of N and P + FYM @ 50 kg tree -1 + Biofertilizers, T 5 - 100 % NPK + FYM @ 50 kg tree -1 + Biofertilizers, T 6 - 100 % NPK + FYM @ 50 kg tree -1 + Biofertilizers + S, T 7 - 100 % NPK + FYM @ 50 kg tree -1 + Biofertilizers + S + Zn, T 8 - 100 % NPK + FYM @ 50 kg tree -1 + Biofertilizers + S + Zn + Fe, T 9 - 100 % NPK + FYM @ 50 kg tree -1 + Biofertilizers + S + Zn + Fe + B. The results of the present study revealed that, the leaf nutrients content increased with the combined application of different treatments as compared to their individual application. The integrated nutrient management recorded the maximum leaf macronutrient content like total nitrogen (2.52 %), phosphorus (0.15 %), potassium (1.49 %) and sulphur (0.19 %).
Performance of Okra and Soil Using Indigenous Microorganisms Inoculants

Microbial inoculants are beneficial microorganisms applied to plants or the soil to promote plant growth and control pest disease and weeds. Microbial inoculants isolated from local surroundings are indigenous microorganisms (IMO) inoculants. The performance of the IMO inoculants is varied depending on the sources and the local environment. Therefore, it is important to identify the right sources to enhance the efficiency of the IMO inoculants. This research aims to study the performance of okra and soil by mixing potential yeast sources for indigenous microorganisms (IMO) inoculants. Longan and mango were chosen as the sources of yeasts. The IMO inoculants were fermented for a week, and the microorganisms group was identified. Then, the IMO inoculants were applied to the okra and tested for physical and mineral content analysis. IMO inoculants with mango and longan showed a higher yeast population than the control. However, IMO inoculants with mango showed the best plant growth and harvesting time performance. The soil treated with both IMO inoculants also showed higher potassium and calcium. To conclude, plants treated with both IMO inoculants performed better than the control. Thus, IMO inoculants with longan and mango may potentially enhance the yeast community in IMO inoculants, indirectly improving okra growth and benefiting the agriculture field in the future.
Assessing plant trait diversity as an indicators of species α‐ and β‐diversity in a subalpine grassland of the Italian Alps

As the need for ecosystem biodiversity assessment increases within the climate crisis framework, more and more studies using spectral variation hypothesis (SVH) are proposed to assess biodiversity at various scales. The SVH implies optical diversity (also called spectral diversity) is driven by light absorption dynamics associated with plant traits (PTs) variability (which is an indicator of functional diversity) which is, in turn, determined by biodiversity. In this study, we examined the relationship between PTs variability, optical diversity and α‐ and β‐diversity at different taxonomic ranks at the Monte Bondone grasslands, Trentino province, Italy. The results of the study showed that the PTs variability, at the α scale, was not correlated with biodiversity. On the other hand, the results observed at the community scale (β‐diversity) showed that the variation of some of the investigated biochemical and biophysical PTs was associated with the β‐diversity. We used the Mantel test to analyse the relationship between the PTs variability and species β‐diversity. The results showed a correlation coefficient of up to 0.50 between PTs variability and species β‐diversity. For higher taxonomic ranks such as family and functional groups, a slightly higher Spearman's correlation coefficient of up to 0.64 and 0.61 was observed, respectively. The SVH approach was also tested to estimate β‐diversity and we found that spectral diversity calculated by Spectral Angle Mapper showed to be a better proxy of biodiversity in the same ecosystem where the spectral diversity approach failed to estimate α‐diversity. These findings suggest that optical and PTs diversity approaches can be used to predict species diversity in the grasslands ecosystem where the species turnover is high.
A Comprehensive Review of Nature-Based Solutions: Current status and future research

Climate change and the rapid development of cities have brought considerable challenges to the sustainable development of urban and rural areas, and using nature-based solutions to strengthen ecosystems' resilience and response capacity has become a consensus strategy. Natural solutions are the collective name for all solutions that increase the city's resilience while benefiting the environment and humanity. To deepen the theoretical research and practical development of NBS, I reviewed 87 papers on NBS through the Web of Science database. The study found that NBS-related research mostly focuses on five aspects: Concept of ideas, applied technology, implementation guidelines, performance evaluation and platform building. Currently, the emphasis is predominantly on ideas and platform development in developed countries. While the other three domains were also explored, they primarily adhere to conventional methodologies and content within the NBS context. While NBS research covered many areas and boasts an integrative, collaborative approach, it remained fragmented and lacked a cohesive system. On this basis, I proposed a systematic framework to strengthen the systematicity of the NBS system, give full play to the unique advantages of NBS as a comprehensive concept and promote the specific implementation and development of NBS. I examined NBS's progression and benefits, providing a thorough insight into its significance in sustainable urban development. The research introduced a cohesive framework by elucidating NBS's foundational concepts guiding subsequent inquiries. Such findings are pivotal for facilitating informed strategies and enhancing resilience to climate adversities, underscoring a comprehensive approach to sustainability.
Devonian ammonoid successions and facies in Devon and Cornwall

The ammonoid successions in the Devonian rocks of the Torquay, Chudleigh, and Padstow areas of Devon and Cornwall are described and it is shown that representatives of all the German Devonian ammonoid Stufen occur in south-west England. The ammonoid successions demonstrate significant facies changes within the Middle and Upper Devonian among the areas discussed. In the Torquay area the zone of Anarcestes lateseptatus is recognizable in the Calceola Shales, and in the massive Givetian limestones two ammonoid faunas occur, a lower zone with Maenioceras molarium and an upper zone with M. terebratum. The main Lummaton Shell Bed includes the fauna of the terebratum Zone. Limestone sedimentation probably continued into the Lower Frasnian, but the Manticoceras cordatum and Crickites holzapfeli zones are represented at Saltern Cove by thick argillaceous developments: it appears that at Torquay these zones may be reduced in thickness. An ostracodslate facies follows immediately above the holzapfeli Zone; ostracod evidence shows that this facies continues into the Upper Famennian. A similar Middle Devonian succession, but without ammonoids, is developed at Chudleigh, but the Upper Devonian sequence is a reduced one of nodular limestones and slates with nodules in which the Manticoceras, Cheiloceras, Platyclymenia, Clymenia, and Wocklumeria Stufen occur. The name Mount Pleasant Series is proposed for the Famennian sequence, which is 170 ft in thickness. This Upper Devonian facies is thought to be comparable with the German schwellen facies in contradistinction to that at Torquay, which is of becken type. The Middle Devonian in the Padstow area is predominantly of slate facies with minor calcareous developments in the Eifelian and Givetian. Three main goniatite faunas can be recognized within the Middle Devonian. Good goniatite faunas of the Frasnian cordatum Zone occur in banded slate facies and these are overlain by a thick series of ostracod-bearing slates. It is evident that the ostracod facies enters at a lower level than at Torquay. The following new species of goniatites are described: Archoceras ussheri, Ponticeras pedderi, and Protornoceras foxi.
Rock magnetic and Palaeomagnetic Study of the Archaean Granites from Hyderabad, India

Samples from Hyderabad granitic region are studied for their rock magnetic and palaeomagnetic behaviour. There are considerable differences between the pink and gery granites in the rock magnetic properties such as Intensity of natural remanent magnetization (J n ), magnetic susceptibility () and Koenigsberger’s ratios (Q n ) and indicates that these granites are of two different origins. Average values of NRM intensity,  and Q n are found to be 488 and 637 Am 1 ; 1689 and 1780; and 9 and 19.7 for pink and gray granites respectively. Two different mean palaeomagnetic directions were obtained for these rocks after af demagnetization which are D/I = 159 o /-25 o and 268 o /-40 o . The corresponding palaeomagnetic poles lie at 69S/160E and 8S/327E respectively. Based on the statistics former direction 159 o /-25 o is considered as the palaeomagnetic direction of Hyderabad granitic region.
Development of Low Glycemic Index Cookies Made From Functional Cassava Pulp Flour

One of the food ingredients with the potential to be used as raw material for low glycemic index food is functional cassava pulp flour (FCPF) which has a dietary fiber content of 23.84% and resistant starch of 7.31%. The present research aimed to obtain the optimal substitution concentration of FCPF to produce cookies with the best nutritional, organoleptic, and physical characteristics and a low glycemic index. It was arranged in a Completely Randomized Design (CRD) with six levels of substitution concentration of FCPF, namely, 0% (control), 10%, 20%, 30%, 40%, and 50%. The results showed that the higher the concentration of FCPF substitution, the higher the fiber content, the resistant starch content, and the texture of cookies. Cookies with a 50% FCPF substitute concentration have the same organoleptic quality as those made from wheat flour (6.6 versus 6.9) but with the lowest glycemic index (40.29%). Cookie products with a 50% FCPF formulation are categorized as foods with a low glycemic index.
SATURN: A Double-Recursive Deconvolution Algorithm for Suppressing Sidelobe Effects in Non-Nyquist SAR and MIMO Imaging Radars

The angular resolution of an imaging radar system is limited by the aperture size and its associated cost and complexity. Relaxing the $\lambda /2$ element spacing condition for large arrays introduces sidelobe and grating lobe effects that severely degrade the image quality. In certain imaging applications, such as automotive radars, the targets are sparsely located and the imaging domain can be approximated as a collection of point scatterers. In such cases, it is possible to “deconvolve” these sidelobe effects to recover a clean image. In this article, a double-recursive deconvolution algorithm titled Sparse Array Target-Segregation Using Recursive Nulling (SATURN) is proposed. It differs from existing CLEAN deconvolution algorithms in two steps: target response estimation and multiple target decorrelation. The target response is estimated using a Sweep and Extinguish step that removes the reliance on the complex image phase. Correlation between targets is suppressed using a Recursive Nulling step that prevents the breakup of point targets. The algorithm is applied to synthetic aperture radars (SARs) and multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) radars in sparse 3-D imaging scenarios with canonical targets and real-world targets. Dynamic range improvement of 25 dB and thinning factors of over 200 are experimentally demonstrated using a 31-element circular array of X-band U-slot patch antennas with an array diameter of $30\lambda $ .
Comparative Analysis of Rumen Microbiota Composition in Dairy Cows with Simple Indigestion and Healthy Cows

Simple indigestion in cows leads to substantial economic losses in the dairy industry. Despite ongoing efforts, an effective treatment for this issue remains elusive. Previous studies have emphasized the vital role of rumen microbes in maintaining ruminant health. To deepen our comprehension of the intricate interplay between rumen microbiota and simple indigestion, we undertook a study involving the analysis of rumen fluid from eight cows with simple indigestion and ten healthy cows. Additionally, we collected data pertaining to milk production, rumination behavior, and rumen characteristics. The results showed that cows with simple indigestion displayed significantly lower milk yield, reduced rumination duration, and weakened rumen contraction when contrasted with the healthy cows (p < 0.05). However, no significant difference in microbiota α-diversity emerged (p > 0.05). Principal coordinate analysis (PCoA) illuminated substantial variations in rumen microbial structure among the two groups (p < 0.05). Further analysis spotlighted distinctive bacteria in the rumen of the cows with indigestion, including Allisonella, Synergistes, Megasphaera, Clostridium_XIVb, Campylobacter, and Acidaminococcus. In contrast, Coraliomargarita, Syntrophococcus, and Coprococcus are the dominant bacterial genera in the rumen of healthy dairy cows. Importantly, these key bacterial genera also dominated the overarching microbial interaction network. The observation suggests that changes in the abundance of these dominant bacterial genera potentially underlie the principal etiology of cows with simple indigestion. The present findings can provide insights into simple indigestion prevention and treatment in dairy cows.