Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Naissance et développements de la psychologie de la santé

La psychologie occupe aujourd’hui une place singuliere dans le decoupage pratique et theorique des sciences sociales de la sante. Dans un emploi subalterne et banalise, elle est, comme psychologie clinique, une assistance reconnue de la pratique medicale ou une source tres ancienne d’inspiration de multiples analyses, modelisations et strategies prospectives, elaborees aussi bien dans le champ de la recherche medicale traditionnelle que dans les disciplines motrices ou dominantes dont la revue Sciences Sociales et Sante accompagne les avancees depuis vingt ans : l’epidemiologie, l’economie, la sociologie et l’anthropologie. Dans un emploi plus recent, elle construit progressivement des approches qui revendiquent une specificite d’objet et de competence organisee depuis peu sous le sigle « Psychologie de la sante ». Cette affirmation s’est enoncee pendant longtemps en contributions prudentes et raisonnables, avec une allegeance polie a l’interdisciplinarite, mais aussi avec quelques mises en cause fondamentales des approches dominantes de la maladie, en appui notamment sur les observations de la psychologie clinique et les principes de la psychanalyse. Avec la fin du vingtieme siecle, on a assiste a une institutionnalisation et une diffusion plus ferme qui rend plus visible un champ de recherche et de propositions en voie de renouvellement. Manuels, traites, ouvrages de syntheses, creation de revues specialisees en langue anglaise ou numeros speciaux se sont multiplies, aux Etats-Unis d’abord qu’on peut considerer comme la terre-mere des fondements de la psychologie de la sante (Baum et al., 2001 ; Sarafino, 1990) puis dans tout l’espace de la psychologie internationale et, en particulier, dans l’ensemble des pays europeens a partir d’abord du Royaume-Uni et des Pays-Bas (Kaptein et al., 2000 ; Marks, 2000 ; Ogden, 1997) avant de gagner l’Europe du sud et la France (Bruchon-Schweitzer, 2002 ; Fisher, 2002 ; Petrillo, 2000). Ce dynamisme eclate, multiforme et spatialement tres disperse se prete mal aux etats des lieux clairement et objectivement etablis. Il est possible neanmoins de reperer quelques traits marquants de l’histoire, des enjeux et des perspectives d’un champ de recherche qui pourraient bien constituer une des voies les plus prometteuses du renouvellement critique en cours de la psychologie.
Transcription Initiation Patterns Indicate Divergent Strategies for Gene Regulation at the Chromatin Level

The application of deep sequencing to map 5′ capped transcripts has confirmed the existence of at least two distinct promoter classes in metazoans: “focused” promoters with transcription start sites (TSSs) that occur in a narrowly defined genomic span and “dispersed” promoters with TSSs that are spread over a larger window. Previous studies have explored the presence of genomic features, such as CpG islands and sequence motifs, in these promoter classes, but virtually no studies have directly investigated the relationship with chromatin features. Here, we show that promoter classes are significantly differentiated by nucleosome organization and chromatin structure. Dispersed promoters display higher associations with well-positioned nucleosomes downstream of the TSS and a more clearly defined nucleosome free region upstream, while focused promoters have a less organized nucleosome structure, yet higher presence of RNA polymerase II. These differences extend to histone variants (H2A.Z) and marks (H3K4 methylation), as well as insulator binding (such as CTCF), independent of the expression levels of affected genes. Notably, differences are conserved across mammals and flies, and they provide for a clearer separation of promoter architectures than the presence and absence of CpG islands or the occurrence of stalled RNA polymerase. Computational models support the stronger contribution of chromatin features to the definition of dispersed promoters compared to focused start sites. Our results show that promoter classes defined from 5′ capped transcripts not only reflect differences in the initiation process at the core promoter but also are indicative of divergent transcriptional programs established within gene-proximal nucleosome organization.
Implications of SiO/sub 2/ Breakdown in an Integrated Nanoscale Power Supply

Future nanoscale microprocessors may have integrated voltage regulators providing multiple supply voltages to meet their power and performance requirements. For their high input voltage, we have developed a model predicting the rate of dielectric breakdown of such regulators. Input parameters include oxide thickness, temperature, operating current, input voltage, Weibull slope, and the total charge passing through the dielectric when 63% of the samples will fail. For a 100A power supply, the predicted time to 100PPM failures (at 2.0V, 425K, and with a 1.5nm thick silicon dioxide gate) is slightly more than ten years.
Radical Revisions: Power, Discipline and Organizations

Typically, organization theorists have defined 'power' against 'authority' around the axis of 'legitimacy'. Power, thus regarded, is a 'capacity' grounded outside the authoritative structure of the organization. Organizations have typically been regarded as coherent and homogenous entities in which these capacities occur. Against these views, organizations are defined here as comprising locales, cross-cut by arenas, in which agencies, powers, networks and interests are constituted. Power is not a thing but a process constituted within struggles. Power is always embedded within rules: these cannot provide for their own interpretation independently of those agencies whose interpretations instantiate, signify or imply them. Specific disciplinary practices within organization studies prescribe these interpretations, but it is argued, they can provide no general theory of the organization.
Being a good course‐taker is not enough: a theoretical perspective on the transition to independent research

Students are typically admitted into doctoral programmes because they have been good course‐takers. Yet, the PhD is awarded for doing independent research and making an ‘original contribution’ to knowledge. Graduate faculty acknowledge that the transition to independent research is hard for many students, and that they cannot predict who will successfully make the transition and complete the doctorate based only on students’ undergraduate records or even their performance in their first year of graduate school. Similarly, many graduate students feel unprepared to make the transition. Drawing on recent work on creativity, this paper provides a theoretical perspective on the factors that facilitate and impede doctoral students’ transition to independent research.
Violence and the Scientific Vocation

This article examines the implications for the notion of scientific vocation of the modern intersection between science and violence, realized most powerfully in the atomic bomb. Tracing the career and political trajectory of atomic physicist J. Robert Oppenheimer and drawing on the theories of Max Weber, Julien Benda and Michel Foucault, the article addresses ethical ambiguities and tensions in the modern scientific vocation. I argue that Oppenheimer’s moral and political struggles in relation to nuclear weapons were attempts to come to terms with the collapse of legitimacy of the role of ‘universal intellectual’ and with the limitations of the more contemporary role of ‘specific intellectual’. Oppenheimer was faced with the problem of handling the relationship between scientific expertise and moral and political responsibility. His struggles demonstrate the continuing relevance of Weber’s conception of political responsibility for conceptualizing the ethical dilemmas inherent in the modern relationship between science, the state and violence.
A Novel Spatial Clustering approach for Outlier Detection & Cluster Generation by probing various Distance Matrices & Delaunay Triangulation

Spatial clustering techniques are a subset of clustering techniques applied on databases whose records have attributes intrinsically related to some spatial semantics. However, when applied to tasks like class identification on a spatial context, the traditional techniques might be unable to achieve good results, e.g. elements in the same cluster might not share enough similarity or the performance may be prohibitively poor. So far, a lot of spatial clustering algorithms have been proposed in many applications such as pattern recognition, data analysis, and image processing and so forth. However most of the well-known clustering algorithms have some drawbacks. To overcome these limitations, in this paper we propose a robust spatial clustering algorithm named NSCABDMDT (Novel Spatial Clustering Algorithm Based on distance matrices & Delaunay Triangulation). Delaunay diagram is used for determining neighbourhoods based on the neighbourhood notion, spatial association rules being defined. Whereas the distance matrices given the best method to determine distance between two data objects by increasing the efficiency of algorithm NSCABDMDT. Firstly, it even discovers arbitrary shape of cluster distribution. Secondly, like DBSCAN, Experiments show that NSCABDMDT does not require so much CPU processing time. Third it handles efficiently outliers.
Removal of tetracyclines from swine manure at full-scale activated sludge treatment plants

The purpose of this study was to investigate the fate of three tetracyclines (TCs), namely oxytetracycline (OTC), chlortetracycline (CTC) and doxycycline (DC) at two different full-scale swine manure-activated sludge treatment plants. Throughout treatment, OTC, CTC and DC were removed by 71–76%, 75–80% and 95%, respectively. Removal of these TCs under physical treatment was deniable. On the contrary, the flocculation–coagulation and the secondary clarification resulted in a relevant reduction of the concentration of these TCs.
French multicentric survey of outcome of pregnancy in women with pregestational diabetes.

OBJECTIVE To evaluate perinatal outcome in pregnancies in women with type 1 and type 2 diabetes and the influence of preconception care 10 years after the St. Vincent's declaration. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS A cross-sectional study was conducted in 12 perinatal centers in France in 2000-2001. The main investigated outcomes were perinatal mortality, major congenital malformations, and preterm delivery. RESULTS Among 435 single pregnancies, 289 (66.4%) were from women with type 1 and 146 (33.6%) from women with type 2 diabetes. Perinatal mortality rate was 4.4% (0.7% national rate), severe congenital malformations rate was 4.1% (2.2% national rate), and preterm delivery rate was 38.2% (4.7% national rate). Preconception care was provided in 48.5% women with type 1 diabetes and in 24.0% women with type 2 diabetes. Women whose first trimester HbA(1c) was >8% had higher rates of perinatal mortality (9.2 vs. 2.5%; odds ratio 3.9; 95% CI 1.5-9.7; P < 0.005), major congenital malformations (8.3 vs. 2.5%; 3.5; 1.3-8.9; P < 0.01), and preterm delivery (57.6 vs. 24.8%; 1.4; 1.1-1.7; P < 0.005) than those with first trimester HbA(1c) <8%. These results are similar to those reported in France in 1986-1988. CONCLUSIONS Pregnancies in women with diabetes are still poorly planned and complicated by higher rates of perinatal mortality and major congenital malformations. Despite knowledge of the importance of intensified glycemic control before pregnancy, reaching the St. Vincent's target needs further implementation in France.
Scene Instability During Head Turns

Various experiments have shown scene-motion thresholds to be greater when the scene moves with the direction of the head turn than when the scene moves against the direction of the head turn. In fact, a virtual scene may appear to be more stable in space when moving slightly with the head turn than when the scne does not move. In this position paper, we discuss current investigations into this illusion and possible explanations.
Culture with BACTEC Peds Plus/F Bottle Compared with Conventional Methods for Detection of Bacteria in Synovial Fluid

ABSTRACT An evaluation was undertaken to determine the utility of the BACTEC Peds Plus/F bottle and the BACTEC 9240 instrument (Becton Dickinson Diagnostic Instrument Systems, Sparks, Md.) for the detection of clinically significant microorganisms in synovial fluid specimens. The Peds Plus/F bottle was used because in our laboratory the quantity of synovial fluid available for culture is frequently in the range of 0.5 to 3.0 ml. The culture results obtained with the Peds Plus/F bottle were compared to those obtained by a conventional agar plate method for a total of 805 synovial fluid specimens. Microbial growth was produced by 74 cultures (9.2%) from 60 patients, yielding a total of 77 microorganisms. Organisms were classified as pathogens (n = 62), contaminants (n = 12), or indeterminate (n = 3) on the basis of a review of the patients' medical histories. Culture using BACTEC Peds Plus/F bottle detected statistically significantly more pathogens overall (62 versus 51 pathogens [P = 0.001]) and statistically fewer contaminants overall (1 versus 11 contaminants [P = 0.006]) than culture by the agar plate method. These results indicate the superior performance of the BACTEC Peds Plus/F bottle over the conventional agar plate method for the detection of clinically significant microorganisms from synovial fluid specimens.
Motives for lifestyle and exercise activities: A comparison using the theory of planned behaviour

Abstract Regular exercise and lifestyle physical activity are often used interchangeably or combined in physical activity messaging based on evidence for their relatively equivalent health outcomes. However, differences between their motivational correlates are relatively unexplored. The purpose of this study was to compare the motives towards lifestyle physical activity and exercise and their relationship with behaviour using the Theory of Planned Behaviour (TPB). The participants were a sample of undergraduate students (n=150) who completed measures of the TPB framed in terms of exercise and lifestyle physical activity and self-reported physical activity measures with similar framing. Results identified marked differences between the instrumental attitudes towards the two activities showing instrumental attitudes towards exercise to be higher (P<0.01; d=0.68). Most importantly, exercise had larger TPB–behaviour correlations (P<0.01; q=0.15–0.20) compared with lifestyle physical activity, but follow-up analyses by intensity (strenuous, moderate, mild) showed that these differences were only present at strenuous intensity. Our results suggest that the correlates for the two types of physical activity may differ. Although more research is necessary, this may affect the efficacy of promotion campaigns that do not tailor content exclusively for either exercise or lifestyle physical activity.
Identifying and Supporting Students At Risk for Emotional and Behavioral Disorders within Multi-level Models: Data Driven Approaches to Conducting Secondary Interventions with an Academic Emphasis

Three-tiered models have been embraced by many schools to prevent and respond to antisocial behavior. However, many of these three-tiered models are incomplete or underdeveloped. Specifically, little attention has been devoted to studying how to (a) systematically identify students who require more focused secondary interventions and (b) build empirically-validated approaches to meet the behavioral and academic needs of students with or at risk for EBD. This paper provides two illustrations, one at the elementary level and a second at the middle school level, of how to address this void in the literature.
Engineering CHO cells with an oncogenic KIT improves cells growth, resilience to stress, and productivity

An optimized biomanufacturing process in mammalian cells is contingent on the ability of the producing cells to reach high viable cell densities. In addition, at the peak of growth, cells need to continue producing the biological entity at a consistent quality. Thus, engineering cells with robust growth performance and resilience to variable stress conditions is highly desirable. The tyrosine kinase receptor, KIT, plays a key role in cell differentiation and the survival of several immune cell types. Its oncogenic mutant, D816V, endows cells with high proliferation capacity, and resistance to kinase inhibitors. Importantly, this onco‐KIT mutant when introduced into various cell types is arrested in the endoplasmic reticulum in a constitutively active form. Here, we investigated the effect of oncogenic D816V KIT on the performance of CHO‐K1 cells under conventional tissue culture growth settings and when adapted, to shaking conditions. The onco‐KIT promoted global protein synthesis, elevated the expression of a secretable transgene, enhanced proliferation, and improved the overall titers of a model glycoprotein. Moreover, the expression of the onco‐KIT endowed the cells with a remarkable resistance to various stress conditions. Our data suggest that the introduction of onco‐KIT can serve as a strategy for improving glycoprotein biomanufacturing. Biotechnol. Bioeng. 2017;114: 2560–2570. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Preparation and characterization of nanocrystalline h-BN films prepared by PECVD method

This work describes a systematic study of the preparation of nano-crystalline thin h-BN films by Plasma-Enhanced Chemical Vapor Deposition (PECVD) technique. The samples were prepared at low temperatures using B2H6 and N2 as gas precursors. It is shown that the flow ratio among these gases has an important influence on the size of the crystallites (deduced by Raman spectroscopy). The 2H6/N2 flow ratio was varied from 1,6 x 10-2 to 6.7 x 10-4 leading to films presenting a crystallite size, which varied from 90 nm to amorphous, respectively. The XRD spectra show two peaks at 2 values around 42° and 44°, which are associated to 110 and 100 h-BN crystalline directions, indicating, a 002 preferential orientation for the h-BN crystallites. The thermo-mechanical properties, as stress, hardness, and Young modulus were also studied and correlated with the structural properties. The composition of the films was obtained by RBS and EDS indicating Boron to Nitrogen ratio, close to stoichiometry for all the studied deposition conditions.
Reverse Engineering Variability in Source Code Using Clone Detection: A Case Study for Linux Variants of Consumer Electronic Devices

The Consumer Electronics Working Group (CEWG) in the Linux Foundation has identified several problems in the re-use process of embedded Linux software for consumer electronic devices. Among these is the increasing fragmentation of Linux derivatives. Vendors of electronic devices copy the Linux sources and make their modifications to adapt it to their own devices, but fail to back port their modifications to the mainstream Linux sources. Likewise, later improvements of the Linux sources are not integrated into the vendors' variants. CEWG launched the Long Term Support Initiative (LTSI) for an industry-managed tree of the Linux sources, maintained by CEWG, that is based on the long-term stable kernel tree annually updated with the latest mainstream kernel version to address their needs. In order to justify this initiative, CEWG asked us to investigate whether and if so how much non-upstream code can be found in industry products and to which extent to and for what part of the kernel. We used large-scale clone detection techniques to compare various Linux versions to their vendor-specific variants. We found many changes that were not back ported. Some of these changes were even found in Linux subsystems where neither we nor people from the Linux Foundation would expect them. We also found instances of defects fixed in the mainstream kernel that were not integrated into the vendors' code. Overall, our investigation provides enough evidence to support the need for an LTSI and better collaboration among Linux developers both of the mainstream and the vendor variants.
Two thousand million?

ABSTRACT Updates on the statistics of English. Starting with excerpt from David Crystal, How many millions use English? (ET1, 1985). The author says: Reading this article again, that almost a quarter of a century on, the most noticeable change, it seems to me, has been in the amount and colour of the author's hair! That aside, I am struck by my final comment: ‘I shall stay with this figure for a while’ – a billion. It appears I stayed with it for a decade. In the first edition of my English as a Global Language (1997: 61) I raised my estimate, suggesting a middle-of-the-road figure of 1,350 million. In the second edition (2003: 69), a ‘cautious temperament’, I said, would suggest 1,500 million. And these days, having read the more sophisticated assessments by David Graddol and others, I am prepared to revise upwards again in the direction of 2 billion. In short, we have moved in 25 years from a fifth to a quarter to a third of the world's population being speakers of English.
SpeedRead: A Fast Named Entity Recognition Pipeline

Online content analysis employs algorithmic methods to identify entities in unstructured text. Both machine learning and knowledge-base approaches lie at the foundation of contemporary named entities extraction systems. However, the progress in deploying these approaches on web-scale has been been hampered by the computational cost of NLP over massive text corpora. We present SpeedRead (SR), a named entity recognition pipeline that runs at least 10 times faster than Stanford NLP pipeline. This pipeline consists of a high performance Penn Treebank- compliant tokenizer, close to state-of-art part-of-speech (POS) tagger and knowledge-based named entity recognizer.
Explaining the constitutionalization of the European Union

ABSTRACT Parliamentarization and the institutionalization of human rights are two processes of constitutionalization in the EU that constitute a puzzle for explanations inspired by both rationalist and constructivist institutionalism. We propose to analyse these processes as strategic action in a community environment: community actors use the liberal democratic identity, values and norms that constitute the EU's ethos strategically to put social and moral pressure on those community members that oppose the constitutionalization of the EU. Theoretically, this process will be most effective under conditions of high salience, legitimacy, and publicity.
The Lancashire telemedicine ambulance

An emergency ambulance was equipped with three video-cameras and a system for transmitting slow-scan video-pictures through a cellular telephone link to a hospital accident and emergency department. Videopictures were transmitted at a resolution of 320 240 pixels and a frame rate of 15 pictures min. In addition, a helmet-mounted camera was used with a wireless transmission link to the ambulance and thence the hospital. Speech was transmitted by a second hand-held cellular telephone. The equipment was installed in 1996-7 and video-recordings of actual ambulance journeys were made in July 1997. The technical feasibility of the telemedicine ambulance has been demonstrated and further clinical assessment is now in progress.
Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome and the blood-brain barrier

The blood-brain barrier (BBB) plays a critical role in normal physiology of the central nervous system by regulating what reaches the brain from the periphery. The BBB also plays a major role in neurologic disease including neuropathologic sequelae associated with infection by human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) in humans and the closely related simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV) in macaques. In this review, we provide an overview of the function, structure, and components of the BBB, followed by a more detailed discussion of the subcellular structures and regulation of the tight junction. We then discuss the ways in which HIV/SIV affects the BBB, largely through infection of monocytes/macrophages, and how infected macrophages crossing the BBB ultimately results in breakdown of the barrier.