Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Yo-Yo IR2 testing of elite and sub-elite soccer players: Performance, heart rate response and correlations to other interval tests

Abstract We examined performance, heart rate response and construct validity of the Yo-Yo IR2 test by testing 111 elite and 92 sub-elite soccer players from Norway and Denmark. VO2max, Yo-Yo IR1 and repeated sprint tests (RSA) (n = 51) and match-analyses (n = 39) were also performed. Yo-Yo IR2 and Yo-Yo IR1 performance was 41 and 25% better (P < 0.01) for elite than sub-elite players, respectively, and heart rate after 2 and 4 min of the Yo-Yo IR2 test was 20 and 15 bpm (9 and 6% HRmax), respectively, lower (P < 0.01) for elite players. RSA performance and VO2max was not different between competitive levels (P > 0.05). For top-teams, Yo-Yo IR2 performance (28%) and sprinting distance (25%) during match were greater (P < 0.05) than for bottom-teams. For elite and sub-elite players, Yo-Yo IR2 performance was correlated (P < 0.05) with Yo-Yo IR1 performance (r = 0.74 and 0.76) and mean RSA time (r = −0.74 and −0.34). We conclude that the Yo-Yo IR2 test has a high discriminant and concurrent validity, as it discriminates between players of different within- and between-league competitive levels and is correlated to other frequently used intermittent elite soccer tests.
Portfolio Optimization and the Cost of Trading

This article illustrates the effects of incorporating transaction cost estimates into mean-variance portfolio construction. It begins with an examination of single-period 130/30 portfolios and a two-year monthly rebalancing exercise for a market-neutral strategy, both for the Russell 2000 Value universe. Accounting for trading costs ex ante delivers superior net returns, broader diversification, lower turnover, and a portfolio robust to noisy alpha signals, relative to standard mean-variance stock selection and portfolio construction. Global portfolios then are analyzed, for three time periods preceding and spanning the current financial crisis. Shifts in regional weights are explainable by trading costs, and differences in portfolio composition are dramatic relative to “paper portfolios. ” These findings imply substantial shifts in investment strategy. Overall, the results confirm that mitigation of transaction costs, leading to improvement in realized returns and better alignment of return with risk, begins at the portfolio construction stage and therefore should not be controlled only at the level of trading desks.
Use of the finite-difference time-domain method for calculating EM absorption in man models

The finite-difference time-domain method is used to calculate the specific absorption rate (SAR) within the human body. SAR distributions are calculated using incident frequencies of 100 MHz and 350 MHz for three different cases: (1) a homogeneous man model in free space; (2) an inhomogeneous man model in free space; and (3) an inhomogeneous man model standing on a ground plane. These various cases are used to evaluate the advantage of inhomogeneous models over homogeneous models, and grounded models versus free space models. Comparison is made between the results obtained here and those obtained using the method of moments. <<ETX>>
Policy Change and Discourse in Europe: Can the EU Make a ‘Square Meal out of a Stew of Paradox’?

President of the European Commission. When his decade-long period as President ended, Europe had been transformed and was continuing to change. How? Why? Despite the fact that Delors is widely hailed as ‘the most successful president of the European Commission in history’ (Ross 1995: cover notes), many influential theories of European integration seem to grant him a relatively small role in this transformation. Liberal intergovernmentalist (LI) theory explicitly and directly takes issue with the claim that actors in supranational institutions make much difference in European integration (Moravcsik 1998). Perhaps more surprising, ‘modified neofunctionalist’ theorists of ‘supranational governance’ (SG) seem also to place little emphasis on the contribution of this ‘most successful’ of supranational actors. Only three passing references are made to Delors by two authors in the 23 chapters of the crucial texts on ‘supranational governance’ (Sandholtz and Stone-Sweet 1998; Stone Sweet et al. 2001). For all the intensity of debate between these two positions, LI and SG may share more than is obvious at first glance. On the surface they disagree, respectively emphasising national governments and supranational rule and institutions. Delve deeper and a striking similarity is revealed. Both LI and SG tend to depict the liberalisation or ‘freeing up’ of (economic) activities and/or exchanges as the ‘deep cause’ of European integration. Over the past 10 or 15 years, LI theory has come increasingly to emphasise the pursuit of ‘commercial liberalism’ as the force underlying integration. SG theory depicts a more complex process than LI and includes an increasingly clear and subtle emphasis on institutions and institutionalisation (see Stone Sweet et al. 2001). Nonetheless, most SG theorists posit ‘transnational exchanges’ – particularly economic exchanges – as fundamental (the ‘catalyst’ and ‘beginning’, Stone Sweet and Sandholtz 1998: 4, 11). They Policy Change and Discourse in Europe: Can the EU Make a ‘Square Meal out of a Stew of Paradox’?
Which work characteristics predict employee outcomes for the public-sector employee? An examination of generic and occupation-specific characteristics

The wide-ranging changes that have occurred in the public sector over recent years have placed increasing demands on public-sector employees. A survey of employees within a relatively commercially-oriented public-sector organization in Australia was used to test a demand-oriented generic model of employee well-being and a variety of situation-specific variables. The presence of support at work and the amount of control an employee had over their job were found to be key predictors of employee-level outcomes. Perceptions of pay and the perception of a lack of human resources (HR) were also found to predict employee outcome variables. The results emphasize the impact that middle managers and HR managers can have in terms of reducing the detrimental employee effects that can be caused by the introduction of new public management (NPM) and the potential for a positive impact on employees. In particular, public-sector managers can use the design of jobs and the development of social support mechanisms, such as employee assistance programmes, to maintain, if not improve, the quality of working life experienced by their employees. More broadly, this study has found that the job strain model is a useful tool in a public-sector environment and is likely to be of increasing utility with the continuing introduction or consolidation of NPM over time. Managing these issues in the new public sector could be a key means of protecting the key resource of the Australian public sector – the employees.
Evolution Or Extinction: Where Are Banks Headed?

The banking industry represents an interesting and important case study of how changes in technology and regulation influence business strategy and organizational design. A narrow focus on traditional bank products and performance measures would lead one to conclude that banking is a declining industry. Such a focus, however, would miss most of the innovations in banking-most notably, the move to "off-balance-sheet" activities-that have been taking place in recent years. A broader perspective shows banks evolving in ways that are enabling them to provide the same basic functions as before, but in new, more efficient ways. 1996 Morgan Stanley.
Breast Reconstruction Post Mastectomy: Patient Satisfaction and Decision Making

BackgroundAlthough breast reconstruction has been shown to improve psychological, physical, and sexual well-being, Australia still has one of the lowest reconstruction rates among well-developed countries. This study explores both the quality-of-life benefits of reconstruction and the factors that influence patients’ decisions of whether or not to undergo reconstruction. MethodsThis retrospective cohort study (296 consecutive mastectomy patients from 2000 to 2010) uses an internationally validated questionnaire (BREAST-Q) to evaluate patients’ satisfaction with or without breast reconstruction. In addition, we analyzed factors that influence patients’ decisions of whether to undergo reconstruction. ResultsTwo hundred nineteen patients responded (74%) and of the 143 patients who elected to participate, 79 were in the “reconstruction group” and 64 in the “no-reconstruction group” post mastectomy. Patient demographics and cancer variables of the 2 groups were matched with the exception of age (reconstruction group 9.7 years younger: P < 0.01). The reconstruction group showed statistically significantly higher BREAST-Q scores with regard to satisfaction with the breast (P < 0.0001), psychological well-being (P = 0.0068), and sexual well-being (P = 0.0001). For the reconstruction group, the main reasons for undergoing reconstruction included improved self-image, more clothing choices, and the feeling of overcoming the cancer. One third of non-reconstructed patients still feared that reconstruction would mask cancer recurrence. ConclusionOur study confirms the positive effects of breast reconstruction post mastectomy and identifies reasons that influence patients’ decisions of whether to undergo reconstruction. Breast reconstruction should be seen as an integral part in the comprehensive care of women with breast cancer and an important health care priority in Australia.
Affluence, Poverty and the Idea of a Post‐Scarcity Society

The ‘end of nature’ and the attenuation of tradition, associated with accelerated modernization on a global scale, increase the need for conscious reflection on many aspects of life formerly considered to be givens. Thus in developed and developing countries alike, new questions of personal choice and ethics form the basis for a kind of life politics which is different from — and supplements, but does not replace — the longer-established practice of emancipatory politics, concerned above all with issues of social justice. This essay invites us to consider how life politics can generate new strategies to reduce inequality and alleviate poverty.
Influence of whey, whey component and malt on the growth and acids production of lactobacilli in milk.

The effect of whey powder, whey protein concentrate, caseinomacropeptide, and malt addition into milk on the growth and acid production of lactobacilli ( Lactobacillus casei Lafti L-26, Lactobacillus acidophilus CCDM 151, and Lactobacillus casei CCDM 198) was evaluated. The ability of these strains to use different types of saccharides from milk and plant sources was also tested. Glucose, galactose, fructose and maltose were utilised by all tested strains. The results showed that the addition of malt positively affected the growth of lactobacilli strains compared to the growth in milk enriched by whey ingredients. The addition of malt increased significantly the production of D(-) isomer of lactic acid by Lactobacillus acidophilus CCDM 151 and Lactobacillus casei CCDM 198 and the production of acetic acid by Lactobacillus casei CCDM 198.
Sustainable Entrepreneurship: A Convergent Process Model

Sustainable entrepreneurship pursues a triple bottom line approach of economic, social and ecological goals. The main aim of this paper is to add to our understanding of the process of sustainable entrepreneurship. Since the field of sustainable entrepreneurship is in a nascent stage, we conduct a qualitative study. We employ a multiple case study design to build theory. Based on four case studies we develop a model, which describes the process of sustainable entrepreneurship, including six phases: 1) recognizing a social or ecological problem; 2) recognizing a social or ecological opportunity; 3) developing a double bottom line solution; 4) developing a triple bottom line solution; 5) funding and forming of a sustainable enterprise; 6) creating or entering a sustainable market. By developing a convergent process model with two pathways, we make theoretical contributions to the emerging fields of sustainable entrepreneurship and social entrepreneurship. A key finding is that the triple bottom line of ecological, social and economic goals is integrated sequentially, not simultaneously. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd and ERP Environment.
Dendritic cells accumulate in human fibrotic interstitial lung disease.

RATIONALE There is growing evidence that resident cells, such as fibroblasts and epithelial cells, can drive the persistent accumulation of dendritic cells (DCs) in chronically inflamed tissue, leading to the organization and the maintenance of ectopic lymphoid aggregates. This phenomenon, occurring through a chemokine-mediated retention mechanism, has been documented in various disorders, but not in fibrotic interstitial lung disorders in which the presence of organized lymphoid follicles has been documented. OBJECTIVES To characterize the distribution of DCs in fibrotic lung, and to analyze the expression of the main chemokines known to regulate DC recruitment. METHODS Lung resection tissue (lungs with idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis; n = 12; lungs with nonspecific interstitial pneumonia, n = 5; control lungs, n = 5) was snap-frozen for subsequent immunohistochemical techniques on serial sections and reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction analysis. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS Results were similar in idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis and nonspecific interstitial pneumonia lungs, which were heavily infiltrated by immature DCs in established fibrosis and in areas of epithelial hyperplasia. Altered epithelial cells and fibroblasts, particularly in fibroblastic foci, frankly expressed all chemokines (CCL19, CCL20, CCL22, and CXCL12) susceptible to favor the recruitment of immune cells. Lymphoid follicles were infiltrated by maturing DCs, which could originate from the pool of DCs accumulating in their vicinity. CONCLUSIONS These findings suggest that resident cells in pulmonary fibrosis can sustain chronic inflammation by driving the accumulation of DCs with the potential to mature locally within ectopic lymphoid follicles. Future strategies should consider DCs or chemokines as therapeutic targets in the treatment of pulmonary fibrosis.
The Catalytic Subunit of DNA-Dependent Protein Kinase Regulates Proliferation, Telomere Length, and Genomic Stability in Human Somatic Cells

ABSTRACT The DNA-dependent protein kinase (DNA-PK) complex is a serine/threonine protein kinase comprised of a 469-kDa catalytic subunit (DNA-PKcs) and the DNA binding regulatory heterodimeric (Ku70/Ku86) complex Ku. DNA-PK functions in the nonhomologous end-joining pathway for the repair of DNA double-stranded breaks (DSBs) introduced by either exogenous DNA damage or endogenous processes, such as lymphoid V(D)J recombination. Not surprisingly, mutations in Ku70, Ku86, or DNA-PKcs result in animals that are sensitive to agents that cause DSBs and that are also immune deficient. While these phenotypes have been validated in several model systems, an extension of them to humans has been missing due to the lack of patients with mutations in any one of the three DNA-PK subunits. The worldwide lack of patients suggests that during mammalian evolution this complex has become uniquely essential in primates. This hypothesis was substantiated by the demonstration that functional inactivation of either Ku70 or Ku86 in human somatic cell lines is lethal. Here we report on the functional inactivation of DNA-PKcs in human somatic cells. Surprisingly, DNA-PKcs does not appear to be essential, although the cell line lacking this gene has profound proliferation and genomic stability deficits not observed for other mammalian systems.
The Open Innovation Paradox: Knowledge Sharing and Protection in R&D Collaborations

Purpose of this paper: This paper investigates the paradox that arises when firms simultaneously share and protect their knowledge in an alliance with other organizations. The goal of this paper therefore is to explore this tension field in such a coupled open innovation process and to identify which strategies can be developed to cope with this tension. Design/methodology/approach: The study was initially guided by a literature review and exploratory interviews, and it ultimately develops an inductive framework based on a multiple case study approach. The paper presents eight cases of a focal firm involved in a particular R&D collaboration. The case studies are based on a variety of data sources, including a number of semi-structured interviews. Findings: This paper unravels the tension field of knowledge sharing and protection in R&D collaborations, with the knowledge characteristics at the core and with the knowledge embodiment and relational dimension as mediating factors. These forces are in turn influenced by the collaboration characteristics and environment. Moreover, the case studies show different ways to cope with the tension between knowledge sharing and protection, such as an open knowledge exchange strategy and a layered collaboration scheme with inner and outer members. Licensing is moreover presented as a concrete way to implement such coping strategies. Originality/value: This paper provides a holistic perspective on the knowledge paradox in R&D collaborations as a coupled process of open innovation. It moreover describes two concrete strategies to cope with the tension field as well as the role and implications of licensing as a particular mechanism to overcome the open innovation paradox.
[Problems of emergency transfers of patients after a stroke. Results of a telemedicine pilot project for integrated stroke accommodation in southeast Bavaria (TEMPiS)].

BACKGROUND Specific stroke subtypes like subarachnoid hemorrhages or malignant brain infarcts require immediate interventions, but treatment options are offered mainly in specialized centers. For this reason, interhospital transfers from primary hospitals need to be done without delay. METHODS The telemedic pilot project for integrative stroke care (TEMPiS) connects 2 stroke centers and 12 regional hospitals in Bavaria (Germany). Core elements are the implementation of stroke wards, telemedic consultation and improvement of emergency interhospital transfers. Organization of patient transports is offered by the central telemedic service. During the first 12 months of the continuing project all interhospital transfers initiated by the central telemedic service were prospectively documented. Emergency transports were analysed according to diagnosis, type of transport, distance and time delays. RESULTS A total of 252 interhospital transfers were recommended in teleconsultations; finally 221 transports took place. Median total duration of transfers (including the necessary arrangements) was 134 min (interquartile range: 105-219) for intracerebral hemorrhages (N = 58), 138 min (95-157) for subarachnoid hemorrhages (N = 31), 161 min (100-230) for malignant infarcts (N = 22) and 147 min (109-180) for suspected basilar artery occlusion (N = 28). Time from admission in the primary hospital to initiation of interhospital transfer was 135 min (median; interquartile range: 86-172), transport time was 81 min (60-116). Helicopter transport did not save time for transfer distances up to 50 kilometres, compared to transport via ambulance (including assistance of hospital physicians). Transport using a special intensive care vehicle was much more time consuming because of the longer transport preparation time. CONCLUSION Emergency transfers of stroke patients are time consuming. This may contribute to additional harm being done to severely ill patients. Faster organization and conduct of transports is required.
Effects of building management regimes of private apartment buildings in Hong Kong

Purpose – There has been a growing public concern over the importance of building management in apartment buildings. However, people's views toward the effects of building management on building performance have long been divergent due to a lack of empirical study. This study aims to empirically test the relationship between building management regimes and the conditions of private apartment buildings in Hong Kong.Design/methodology/approach – An assessment scheme was developed to assess the health and safety conditions of 134 apartment buildings. Multiple regression models were then applied to analyze the effect of building management regimes on building conditions. The optimal functional form of the regression models was selected using Box‐Cox transformation.Findings – The empirical results suggested that the presence of incorporated owners and property management agents (PMA) are significant factors in enhancing building conditions.Research limitations/implications – The sample was confined to single b.
The nucleotide sequence of the mouse immunoglobulin epsilon gene: comparison with the human epsilon gene sequence.

We have determined the nucleotide sequence of the immunoglobulin epsilon gene cloned from newborn mouse DNA. The epsilon gene sequence allows prediction of the amino acid sequence of the constant region of the epsilon chain and comparison of it with sequences of the human epsilon and other mouse immunoglobulin genes. The epsilon gene was shown to be under the weakest selection pressure at the protein level among the immunoglobulin genes although the divergence at the synonymous position is similar. Our results suggest that the epsilon gene may be dispensable, which is in accord with the fact that IgE has only obscure roles in the immune defense system but has an undesirable role as a mediator of hypersensitivity. The sequence data suggest that the human and murine epsilon genes were derived from different ancestors duplicated a long time ago. The amino acid sequence of the epsilon chain is more homologous to those of the gamma chains than the other mouse heavy chains. Two membrane exons, separated by an 80‐base intron, were identified 1.7 kb 3′ to the CH4 domain of the epsilon gene and shown to conserve a hydrophobic portion similar to those of other heavy chain genes. RNA blot hybridization showed that the epsilon membrane exons are transcribed into two species of mRNA in an IgE hybridoma.
Survival and functional outcome of children with hypothalamic/chiasmatic tumors

The management of children with hypothalamic (H) and/or chiasmatic (C) tumors remains controversial. We evaluated the impact of clinical and neuroimaging parameters and primary therapy on overall (OS) and progression‐free (PFS) survival and on neuroendocrine and neurocognitive outcome in children with H and/or C tumors.
The effect of B2B e‐marketplace type on buyer‐supplier relational advantages of e‐marketplace and firm performance

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to analyze what kind of role each type of e‐marketplace has on the relation between relational advantages of e‐marketplace and company performance.Design/methodology/approach – Information sharing, collaboration, trust, integration and communication were chosen as factors of the buyer‐supplier relational advantages of the e‐marketplace. The authors empirically analyzed those factors as regards a company's operational and financial performance. Moreover, the roles of the e‐marketplace type (many‐to‐one, many‐to‐many) as a moderator were also empirically studied.Findings – As a result, both of the e‐marketplace types, buyer‐supplier relationship advantage and operational performance, have significant correlation, but for financial performance, only the many‐to‐many e‐marketplace showed significant correlation.Research limitations/implications – Owing to characteristics of the study, only specific companies were analyzed and the survey collection rate was not high. More.