Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Performance of an RPM Based on Gd-lined Plastic Scintillator for Neutron and Gamma Detection

INFN and ANN designed and developed a Radiation Portal Monitor (RPM) to detect gamma and neutron radiations using plastic scintillator coupled to gadolinium. The system is a portal for the screening of vehicle and cargo containers aiming at detecting the presence of radioactive elements and, in particular, special nuclear materials (SNM). The system was calibrated based on static measurements at the INFN laboratory and characterized with dynamic tests at the the JRC ITRAP+10 facility. Results showed that the system is not only compliant to international standards of its category, but exceeds them in most of the cases, demonstrating the validity of the novel technology and of the implemented layout.
Towards Modeling Social and Content Dynamics in Discussion Forums

Recent years have witnessed the transformation of the World Wide Web from an information-gathering and processing tool into an interactive communication medium in the form of online discussion forums, chat--rooms, blogs, and so on. There is strong evidence suggesting that social networks facilitate new ways to interact with information in such media. Understanding the mechanisms and the patterns of such interactions can be important for many applications. Currently, there is not much work that adequately models interaction between social networks and information content. From the perspective of social network analysis, most existing work is concerned with understanding static topological properties of social networks represented by such forums. For instance, Park and Maurer (2009) applied node clustering to identify consensus and consensus facilitators, while Kang et al. (2009) uses discussion thread co-participation relations to identify (static) groups in discussions. On discussion content analysis research side, there have been approaches for classifying messages with respect to dialogue roles (Carvalho and Cohen, 2005; Ravi and Kim, 2007), but they often ignore the role and the impact of underlying social interactions.
Transcriptome Pathway Analysis of Pathological and Physiological Aldosterone-Producing Human Tissues

Primary aldosteronism is present in ≈10% of hypertensives. We previously performed a microarray assay on aldosterone-producing adenomas and their paired zona glomerulosa and fasciculata. Confirmation of top genes validated the study design and functional experiments of zona glomerulosa selective genes established the role of the encoded proteins in aldosterone regulation. In this study, we further analyzed our microarray data using AmiGO 2 for gene ontology enrichment and Ingenuity Pathway Analysis to identify potential biological processes and canonical pathways involved in pathological and physiological aldosterone regulation. Genes differentially regulated in aldosterone-producing adenoma and zona glomerulosa were associated with steroid metabolic processes gene ontology terms. Terms related to the Wnt signaling pathway were enriched in zona glomerulosa only. Ingenuity Pathway Analysis showed "NRF2-mediated oxidative stress response pathway" and "LPS (lipopolysaccharide)/IL-1 (interleukin-1)–mediated inhibition of RXR (retinoid X receptor) function" were affected in both aldosterone-producing adenoma and zona glomerulosa with associated genes having up to 21- and 8-fold differences, respectively. Comparing KCNJ5-mutant aldosterone-producing adenoma, zona glomerulosa, and zona fasciculata samples with wild-type samples, 138, 56, and 59 genes were differentially expressed, respectively (fold-change >2; P<0.05). ACSS3, encoding the enzyme that synthesizes acetyl-CoA, was the top gene upregulated in KCNJ5-mutant aldosterone-producing adenoma compared with wild-type. NEFM, a gene highly upregulated in zona glomerulosa, was upregulated in KCNJ5 wild-type aldosterone-producing adenomas. NR4A2, the transcription factor for aldosterone synthase, was highly expressed in zona fasciculata adjacent to a KCNJ5-mutant aldosterone-producing adenoma. Further interrogation of these genes and pathways could potentially provide further insights into the pathology of primary aldosteronism.
On the Sources of China¿s Export Growth

We use detailed data on Chilean imports between 1990 and 2005 to analyze the causes of China’s import penetration relative to other countries. China exports a wide variety of products. The growth in China’s exports, however, is mainly driven by an increase in import penetration within common product categories with the rest of the world—the intensive margin—rather than by an increase in the number of product varieties exported—the extensive margin. Surprisingly, the growth in the intensive margin is explained by an increase in exported quantities without a significant fall in the relative price of Chinese varieties. This apparent paradox suggests that an increase in either the number of unobserved varieties or the willingness to pay for Chinese products—an increase in the relative quality of Chinese products—is the driving force behind China’s export performance. We present evidence regarding China’s export prices, the similarity of China’s export bundle to that of developed countries, and the relative quality of Chinese products, to conclude that improvements in the quality of Chinese products is an important dimension of Chinese export growth.
STRATEGIC KNOWLEDGE MANAGEMENT, INNOVATION AND PERFORMANCE

Challenge can balance organizational innovativeness and flexibility with the disciplines that turn innovative pursuits into tangible business advantage. Our aim is to spread knowledge involving a certain subject of the results of knowledge management (KM) strategies on firm’s innovation and incorporated in performance. This study consisted of 195 Iranian organizations and structural equations modeling, results show that both KM strategies influences on innovation and organizational performance directly and indirectly. Thus, one of the main final decisions of our research is that KM has been found as a significant mechanism to increase innovation and incorporated in performance. In addition, both codification and personalization strategies have a positive influence on financial results. Managers can use these findings as a dispute to negotiate with and influence to stakeholders about the goodness of performing KM projects. Our research can contribute to professional, since it furnishes organizations with new perception and findings which managers can translate into their own companies. Our final decision may help academics and managers in designing KM strategic schedules in orderto obtain higher innovation, effectiveness, and efficiency and profit capacity.
Die Krise der Ordnungspolitik als Kommunikationskrise

The conception of economic order policy (in German: Ordnungspolitik) has been the theoretical foundation of the Social Market Economy in Germany after World War II. But nowadays, the conception of Ordnungspolitik is in a fundamental crisis. It has been removed by Keynesian conceptions or still an arbitrariness of economic policy. Currently, while in Germany growth rates increase there is taken less and less notice of the necessity of fundamental changes in economic policy. In contrast, the current crisis of economic order policy is surprising. The collapse of central planned economies in Eastern Europe as well as the crisis of developing countries in Southeast Asia has allowed market ideas to appear as a clear winner in the competition of economic ideas. Many former transformation countries in central and Eastern Europe are nowadays rising dynamic market economies. Other countries of the world have already successfully reformed their overloaded welfare states, with only Germany seeming to face insurmountable obstacles. The current crisis of order policy is also of communication. In the end the discussion on order policy as main economic policy has been replaced by the contraposition of neo-liberal and globalization-critical conceptions. However, the crisis of order policy is at least partly also a crisis of communicating order policy positions. This fact refers both to the science, where regulatory-political teachings and research were consistently pushed back without resistance, and also to the policy, where basic principles of economic order policy became nearly insignificant. It is however the inability of German politicians and scientist to make clear economic order policy which keeps Germany imprisoned in its stagnation. To improve the position of the conception of economic order policy - or in other words of Social Market Economy - the authors demand a better manifestation of these conceptions via internet. As a first step they created the Ordnungspolitisches Portal.
Examining the Shifting Nature of Privacy, Identities, and Impression Management with Web 2.0

A common focus of internet privacy research has been on allowing users to maintain their anonymity in order that they may freely reveal personal aspects of themselves. However, with Web 2.0 and the increasing popularity of social networking sites, it has become increasingly commonplace for users to reveal their identities in order to advertise their on-line presence to their real-life associates. This position paper explores the changing nature of on-line identities, as the norm of anonymity shifts to a more accurate representation of self. The applicability of earlier on-line, information sharing privacy research findings to this new state is discussed.
Counting One-sided Exchange Stable Matchings

Let A,B with |A| = m and |B| = n ≥ m be two sets. We assume that every element a ∈ A has a preference list over all elements from B. We call an injective mapping τ from A to B a matching. A blocking coalition of τ is a subset A′ of A such that there exists a matching τ ′ that differs from τ only on elements of A′, and every element of A′ improves in τ ′, compared to τ according to its preference list. If there exists no blocking coalition, we call the matching τ an exchange stable matching (ESM). An element b ∈ B is reachable if there exists an exchange stable matching using b. The set of all reachable elements is denoted by E∗. We show |E| ≤ ∑ i=1,. ,m ⌊m i ⌋ = Θ(m logm). This is asymptotically tight. A set E ⊆ B is reachable (respectively exactly reachable) if there exists an exchange stable matching τ whose image contains E as a subset (respectively equals E). We give bounds for the number of exactly reachable sets. We find that our results hold in the more general setting of multi-matchings, when each element a of A is matched with `a elements of B instead of just one. Further, we give complexity results and algorithms for corresponding algorithmic questions. Finally, we characterize unavoidable elements, i.e., elements of B that are used by all ESM’s. This yields efficient algorithms to determine all unavoidable elements.
Bounding errors introduced by clustering of customers in closed product-form queuing networks

Product-form queuing network models have been widely used to model systems with shared resources such as computer systems (both centralized and distributed), communication networks, and flexible manufacturing systems. Closed multichain product-form networks are inherently more difficult to analyze than open networks, due to the effect of normalization. Results in workload characterization for closed networks in the literature are often for networks having special structures and only specific performance measures have been considered. In this article, we drive certain properties (insensitivity of conditional state probability distributions and fractional-linearity of Markov reward functions) for a broad class of closed multichain product-form networks. These properties are derived using the most basic flow balance conditions of product-form networks. Then we show how these basic properties can be applied in obtaining error bounds when similar customers are clustered together to speed up computation.
Determinants and Archetype Users of Open Innovation

Extant research on open innovation (OI) offers no systematic insight of how and why firms differ regarding the extent to which they conduct OI activities. Whereas past theoretical contributions have focused on explaining the externalisation of R&D activities as a result of firm-external factors, we focus on explaining this externalisation as a result of firm-internal weaknesses, specifically, impediments to innovation. Using the exploration–exploitation dichotomy as our theoretical framework, we develop hypotheses on how impediments to innovation influence the breadth and depth of OI. We then test these hypotheses by using an exceptionally large and detailed data set to estimate population-averaged panel models. Our results provide support for most of the hypothesised relationships. Further, they allow to identify four ‘archetypes’ of firms that differ significantly regarding the breadth and depth of OI and the importance of impediments. Finally, we discuss the significance of these findings for both academics and managers.
Serial optical frequency domain imaging in STEMI patients: the follow-up report of TROFI study.

AIMS To investigate the incidence of incomplete stent apposition and to explore the impact of the presence of thrombus and protruding plaque after stent implantation on neointima formation at follow-up in ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) patients with serial optical frequency domain imaging (OFDI) investigations. METHODS AND RESULTS In a multi-centre study, 141 patients with ST elevation myocardial infarction <12 h from onset were randomized to either PPCI with thrombectomy (TB) using an Eliminate catheter (TB: n = 71) or without TB (non-TB: n = 70). OFDI after drug-eluting stenting was performed using TERUMO OFDI system. Per protocol, at follow-up 49 patients segments were reimaged. At post-procedure and follow-up, there were no differences in stent and lumen areas between the two groups. At follow-up, per strut-level analysis, percentage of incompletely apposed struts was 0.42 ± 0.94 vs. 0.38 ± 0.77% (P = 0.76), and percentage of covered struts was 92.7 ± 7.2 vs. 94.4 ± 9.2% (P = 0.47) in the TB and non-TB groups, respectively. There was a positive correlation between intra-stent structure (ISS) volume at post-procedure and the neointima volume at 6-month follow-up (Pearson's r = 0.409, P = 0.04). Up to 12 months, there have been two and four patients having target vessel failure in the TB and in the non-TB groups, respectively. CONCLUSIONS In patients with STEMI, there were no significant differences in OFDI parameters between TB and non-TB groups at both post-procedure and 6-month follow-up. However, ISS volume at post-procedure was positively associated with neointimal volume at 6-month follow-up.
Alleged Tax Competition: The Mysterious Death of InheritanceTaxes in Switzerland

Interjurisdictional competition over mobile tax bases is an easily understood mechanism, but actual tax-base elasticities are difficult to estimate. Political pressure for reducing tax rates could therefore be based on erroneous estimates of the mobility of tax bases. We show that tax competition provided the overwhelmingly dominant argument in the policy debates leading to a succession of reforms of bequest taxation by Swiss cantons. Yet, we find only very weak statistical evidence of a relationship between tax burdens on bequests and the concerned tax base of wealthy elderly individuals. Moreover, inheritance tax revenues are found to increase in inheritance tax rates even in the long run, and actual tax rates lie well below the revenue-maximising levels throughout. The alleged pressures of tax competition did not seem in reality to exist.
Security Monitoring of HTTP Traffic Using Extended Flows

In this paper, we present an analysis of HTTP traffic in a large-scale environment which uses network flow monitoring extended by parsing HTTP requests. In contrast to previously published analyses, we were the first to classify patterns of HTTP traffic which are relevant to network security. We described three classes of HTTP traffic which contain brute-force password attacks, connections to proxies, HTTP scanners, and web crawlers. Using the classification, we were able to detect up to 16 previously undetectable brute-force password attacks and 19 HTTP scans per day in our campus network. The activity of proxy servers and web crawlers was also observed. Symptoms of these attacks may be detected by other methods based on traditional flow monitoring, but detection using the analysis of HTTP requests is more straightforward. We, thus, confirm the added value of extended flow monitoring in comparison to the traditional method.
Substance P modulation of TRPC3/ 7 channels improves respiratory rhythm regularity and ICAN‐dependent pacemaker activity

Neuromodulators, such as substance P (SubP), play an important role in modulating many rhythmic activities driven by central pattern generators (e.g. locomotion, respiration). However, the mechanism by which SubP enhances breathing regularity has not been determined. Here, we used mouse brainstem slices containing the pre‐Bötzinger complex to demonstrate, for the first time, that SubP activates transient receptor protein canonical (TRPC) channels to enhance respiratory rhythm regularity. Moreover, SubP enhancement of network regularity is accomplished via selective enhancement of ICAN (inward non‐specific cation current)‐dependent intrinsic bursting properties. In contrast to INaP (persistent sodium current)‐dependent pacemakers, ICAN‐dependent pacemaker bursting activity is TRPC‐dependent. Western Blots reveal TRPC3 and TRPC7 channels are expressed in rhythmically active ventral respiratory group island preparations. Taken together, these data suggest that SubP‐mediated activation of TRPC3/7 channels underlies rhythmic ICAN‐dependent pacemaker activity and enhances the regularity of respiratory rhythm activity.
Localization enhancement by additional nodes in wireless networks

Next generation mobile networks frequently offer services and applications that require the stations position. It is well known that adding nodes to an existing wireless network enhances the localization accuracy of the network nodes. We exploit a recent compact expression of the Cramer-Rao bound to identify the nodes whose localization is improved. Further, we define the exact conditions for error reduction. In particular, in a planar network, an additional node must have at least three connections, not all of them to anchors, to affect the accuracy. We also show that the accuracy improvement is limited by a bound, which is independent of the number of additional nodes. Finally, we provide numerical examples that shed some light on the accuracy improvement.
Microevolution of Aedes aegypti

Scientific research into the epidemiology of dengue frequently focuses on the microevolution and dispersion of the mosquito Aedes aegypti. One of the world’s largest urban agglomerations infested by Ae. aegypti is the Brazilian megalopolis of Sao Paulo, where >26,900 cases of dengue were reported until June 2015. Unfortunately, the dynamics of the genetic variability of Ae. aegypti in the Sao Paulo area have not been well studied. To reduce this knowledge gap, we assessed the morphogenetic variability of a population of Ae. aegypti from a densely urbanised neighbourhood of Sao Paulo. We tested if allelic patterns could vary over a short term and if wing shape could be a predictor of the genetic variation. Over a period of 14 months, we examined the variation of genetic (microsatellites loci) and morphological (wing geometry) markers in Ae. aegypti. Polymorphisms were detected, as revealed by the variability of 20 microsatellite loci (115 alleles combined; overall Fst = 0.0358) and 18 wing landmarks (quantitative estimator Qst = 0.4732). These levels of polymorphism are higher than typically expected to an exotic species. Allelic frequencies of the loci changed over time and temporal variation in the wing shape was even more pronounced, permitting high reclassification levels of chronological samples. In spite of the fact that both markers underwent temporal variation, no correlation was detected between their dynamics. We concluded that microevolution was detected despite the short observational period, but the intensities of change of the markers were discrepant. Wing shape failed from predicting allelic temporal variation. Possibly, natural selection (Qst>Fst) or variance of expressivity of wing phenotype are involved in this discrepancy. Other possibly influential factors on microevolution of Ae. aegypti are worth searching. Additionally, the implications of the rapid evolution and high polymorphism of this mosquito vector on the efficacy of control methods have yet to be investigated.
Methods for Reducing Load of Dynamic Scaling for Distributed Session Control Servers

We discuss the dynamic scaling of distributed session control servers. Dynamic scaling refers to changing the system configuration by servers dynamically joining or leaving. In session control servers, availability and real-time processing must be guaranteed. Therefore, dynamic scaling must be achieved while ensuring these requirements. We propose a cluster model that makes it possible for session control servers to achieve both scalability and dynamic scaling. One problem when a node joins a server cluster is that the lookup load that occurs when the new node takes over call states makes it impossible to continue processing. Consequently, this overload can reduce service reliability. We propose two methods for reducing the overload and describe their properties. We evaluated the methods in a set of experiments. The evaluation using a Session Initiation Protocol application revealed that dynamic scaling was efficient, which indicates the methods are effective in reducing look-up load.
'States of Transition: Convergences and diversity in international youth justice'

It is no longer necessary to make the case for a comparative approach to understanding systems of youth and juvenile justice. It is increasingly assumed that developments in any single nation state cannot be fully explored without reference to sub-national, regional and local diversity as well as acknowledging the impact of international and global forces. The advantage of an international focus (even though this volume is restricted to 12 ‘significant’ cases in Western societies only) is that it encourages debate of the structural, cultural and political constraints and dynamics within which juvenile justice was constructed in developed capitalist countries during much of the 20th century and which have then been challenged, and in some cases overturned, since the 1980s. Comparative analysis makes it possible to begin to unravel the relative import of internal, national dynamics and external, international contexts and constraints. But equally it must be recognised that, as a result of competing internal and external pressures, such systems are continually in transition and flux. Whatever future trajectories appear likely on the basis of a reading in the first decade of the 21st century may not hold for a decade in the future. As a result, rather than simply seeking apparent similarities and differences, this volume recognises the increasing complexity of the 13
Lossy source coding algorithm using lossless multi-terminal source codes

A lossy source coding algorithm is presented that employs lossless multi-terminal source codes. By using nearly optimal lossless multi-terminal source codes, the proposed algorithm achieves the rate-distortion limit. The construction of lossless multi-terminal source codes, which are needed for the lossy source coding algorithm, can be realized by using sparse matrices, known as Low Density Parity Check (LDPC) matrices, or Turbo codes, and practically efficient decoding algorithms such as the Belief Propagation (BP) algorithm and the Linear Codes Linear Program (LCLP) algorithm.