Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Syntactic type abstraction

Software developers often structure programs in such a way that different pieces of code constitute distinct principals. Types help define the protocol by which these principals interact. In particular, abstract types allow a principal to make strong assumptions about how well-typed clients use the facilities that it provides. We show how the notions of principals and type abstraction can be formalized within a language. Different principals can know the implementation of different abstract types. We use additional syntax to track the flow of values with abstract types during the evaluation of a program and demonstrate how this framework supports syntactic proofs (in the sytle of subject reduction) for type-abstraction properties. Such properties have traditionally required semantic arguments; using syntax aboids the need to build a model and recursive typesfor the language. We present various typed lambda calculi with principals, including versions that have mutable state and recursive types.
Communication in Virtual Teams: The Role of Emotional Intelligence

Emotional intelligence (EI) has received increasing attention in recent years as a driver of team effectiveness. However, research has yet to address EI in virtual teams (VT). The purpose of our study was to examine EI as a predictor of VT effectiveness. Further, we investigated quality of communication as a mediator of the EI-team viability relationship. We employed a work simulation using 228 undergraduate students (57 teams). Multilevel modeling was used to test our hypotheses. Our results support that EI is a driver of team viability, and that quality of communication serves as one mechanism through which this influence exists.
Accurate and affordable packet-train testing systems for multi-gigabit-per-second networks

Communication networks these days face a relentless increase in traffic load. Multi-gigabitper- second links are becoming widespread, and network devices are under continuous stress, so testing whether they guarantee the specified throughput or delay is a must. Software-based solutions, such as packet-train traffic injection, were adequate for lower speeds, but they have become inaccurate in the current scenario. Hardware-based solutions have proved to be very accurate, but usually at the expense of much higher development and acquisition costs. Fortunately, new affordable FPGA SoC devices, as well as high-level synthesis tools, can very efficiently reduce these costs. In this article we show the advantages of hardware-based solutions in terms of accuracy, comparing the results obtained in an FPGA SoC development platform and in NetFPGA-10G to those of software. Results show that a hardware-based solution is significantly better, especially at 10 Gb/s. By leveraging high-level synthesis and open source platforms, prototypes were quickly developed. Noticeable advantages of our proposal are high accuracy, competitive cost with respect to the software counterpart, which runs in high-end off-the-shelf workstations, and the capability to easily evolve to upcoming 40 Gb/s and 100 Gb/s networks.
No place to hide: a study of privacy concerns due to location sharing on geo-social networks

User location data collected on Geo-Social Networking applications (GeoSNs) can be used to enhance the services provided by such applications. However, personal location information can potentially be utilised for undesirable purposes that can compromise users’ privacy. This paper presents a study of privacy implications of location-based information provision and collection on user awareness and behaviour when using GeoSNs. The dimensions of the problem are analysed and used to guide an analytical study of some representative data sets from such applications. The results of the data analysis demonstrate the extent of potential personal information that may be derived from the location information. In addition, a survey is undertaken to examine user awareness, concerns and subsequent attitude and behaviour given knowledge of the possible derived information. The results clearly demonstrate users’ needs for improving their knowledge, access and visibility of their data sets as well as for means to control and manage their location data. Future work needs to investigate the current state of personal data management on GeoSNs and how their interfaces may be improved to satisfy the highlighted users’ needs and to protect their privacy.
A 20-GHz 4.8-dB NF low noise amplifier

A 20-GHz low noise amplifier (LNA) is designed in 0. 13µm CMOS technology. The proposed amplifier employs two cascade stages to achieve a peak power-gain of 25 dB and a noise figure of 4.8 dB at 20.4 GHz. The power consumption of the LNA circuit is 12.2 mW from a 1.5V supply. This paper also presents a novel model for sub-nH planar spiral inductors, which accounts for high-frequency effects and incorporates interconnection lines in the 1.5-turn spiral inductor. The new model demonstrates a good agreement with S-parameter from electromagnetic field simulator within 40GHz.
7-Bit SiGe-BiCMOS Step Attenuator for X-Band Phased-Array RADAR Applications

This letter presents a 7-bit CMOS step attenuator for the first time in the literature, designed with isolated NMOS (iNMOS) using IHP 0.25 μm SiGe BiCMOS process technology. INMOS' are utilized to decrease the insertion loss (IL) caused by internal parasitic capacitances, which is especially important when cascading 7 attenuation stages. The attenuator has a measured maximum relative attenuation of 16.51 dB with an increment of 0.13 dB while exhibiting a root mean square (RMS) amplitude error of less than 0.13 dB, the lowest error ever reported. In addition, the attenuator exhibits an RMS phase error of 2.7° at 10 GHz. The measured input referred 1 dB compression point (IP1 dB) of the attenuator is 12.5 dBm at 10 GHz. Moreover, the attenuator demonstrates an IL of less than 12.5 dB in X-band (8-12 GHz). The total chip area excluding pads is 0.29 mm2.
Loss of upper respiratory tract immunity with parenteral feeding.

OBJECTIVE The authors examine the effect of route and type of nutrition on an established upper respiratory tract immunity and investigate potential mechanisms for increased pneumonia rates in critically injured patients fed parenterally. SUMMARY BACKGROUND DATA The primary immunologic defense against many mucosal infections is IgA. Prior work shows that mice fed total parenteral nutrition (TPN) solutions either intravenously or intragastrically had small intestinal gut-associated lymphoid tissue (GALT) atrophy along with decreased intestinal IgA compared with animals fed complex enteral diets. The small intestine is postulated to be the origin of most mucosal immunity, both intraintestinal and extraintestinal. The impact of diets affecting GALT, small intestine IgA, and upper respiratory tract immunity is studied. METHODS Male Institute of Cancer Research mice underwent intranasal inoculation with a mouse-specific influenza virus to establish immunity. Three weeks later, the mice were randomized to chow, intragastric Nutren (Clintec, Chicago, IL), intravenous TPN, or intragastric TPN. After 5 days of feeding, mice were challenged with intranasal virus and killed at 40 hours to determine viral shedding from the upper respiratory tract. RESULTS Despite similar body weights, there was significant atrophy in the Peyer's patch cells from animals fed the TPN solution intravenously or intragastrically. There was no viral shedding in any animal fed via the gastrointestinal tract, whereas 5 of 10 animals fed intravenous TPN had continued viral shedding. CONCLUSIONS The IgA-dependent upper respiratory tract immunity was preserved with enteral feeding but not with intravenous feeding. Upper respiratory tract immunity is not dependent on intestinal GALT mass but is influenced by route of nutrition. The underlying mechanisms may explain the higher pneumonia rate in critically injured patients fed parenterally.
Kolmogorov-Smirnov test for feature selection in emotion recognition from speech

Automatic emotion recognition from speech is limited by the ability to discover the relevant predicting features. The common approach is to extract a very large set of features over a generally long analysis time window. In this paper we investigate the applicability of two-sample Kolmogorov-Smirnov statistical test (KST) to the problem of segmental speech emotion recognition. We train emotion classifiers for each speech segment within an utterance. The segment labels are then combined to predict the dominant emotion label. Our findings show that KST can be successfully used to extract statistically relevant features. KST criterion is used to optimize the parameters of the statistical segmental analysis, namely the window segment size and shift. We carry out seven binary class emotion classification experiments on the Emo-DB and evaluate the impact of the segmental analysis and emotion-specific feature selection.
A Robust and Efficient Face Recognition System Based on Luminance Distribution Using Maximum Likelihood

In this paper, a robust and efficient face recognition system based on luminance distribution by using maximum likelihood estimation is proposed. The distribution of luminance components of the face region is acquired and applied to maximum likelihood test for face matching. The experimental results showed that the proposed method has a high recognition rate and requires less computation time.
GPU register file visualization

To support massive number of parallel thread contexts, Graphics Processing Units (GPUs) use a huge register file, which is responsible for a large fraction of GPU's total power and area. The conventional belief is that a large register file is inevitable for accommodating more parallel thread contexts, and technology scaling makes it feasible to incorporate ever increasing size of register file. In this paper, we demonstrate that the register file size need not be large to accommodate more threads context. We first characterize the useful lifetime of a register and show that register lifetimes vary drastically across various registers that are allocated to a kernel. While some registers are alive for the entire duration of the kernel execution, some registers have a short lifespan. We propose GPU register file virtualization that allows multiple warps to share physical registers. Since warps may be scheduled for execution at different points in time, we propose to proactively release dead registers from one warp and re-allocate them to a different warp that may occur later in time, thereby reducing the needless demand for physical registers. By using register virtualization, we shrink the architected register space to a smaller physical register space. By under-provisioning the physical register file to be smaller than the architected register file we reduce dynamic and static power consumption. We then develop a new register throttling mechanism to run applications that exceed the size of the under-provisioned register file without any deadlock. Our evaluation shows that even after halving the architected register file size using our proposed GPU register file virtualization applications run successfully with negligible performance overhead.
Interactions of thrombospondin with extracellular matrix proteins: selective binding to type V collagen

Thrombospondin (TS), a protein first described in platelets, was recently shown to be synthesized and secreted by endothelial cells, fibroblasts, and smooth muscle cells. The presence of TS in the extracellular matrix of cultured cells has prompted us to examine the associations of this protein with matrix macromolecules. Interactions of TS with both matrix and serum proteins were tested using an enzyme- linked immunosorbent assay. With this assay we assessed the binding of TS in solution to proteins adsorbed to polystyrene microtiter plates. Among collagens, platelet TS bound to type V but not to types I, III, or IV. This selective interaction was confirmed in experiments using proteins linked to cyanogen bromide-activated Sepharose. TS released from platelets in response to thrombin activation, as well as that secreted by endothelial cells in culture, bound to type V but not to type I collagen-Sepharose. No binding was observed to denatured type V collagen-Sepharose. The binding region for type V collagen was located in a chymotrypsin-produced fragment of TS with chains of Mr = 70,000, after reduction. Interactions of TS with a number of other proteins, including fibronectin, fibrinogen, and laminin, could be demonstrated using the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay technique but the interpretation of these findings is difficult since comparable binding to protein-Sepharose was not always observed. Our findings suggest that both the extravascular distribution and function of TS in vivo may involve an interaction with type V collagen.
Addressing the New User Problem with a Personality Based User Similarity Measure

The new user problem is a recurring problem in memory based collaborative recommender systems (MBCR). It occurs when a new user is added to the system and there are not enough information to make a good selection of the user’s neighbours. As a consequence, the recommended items have poor correlation with the user’s interests. We addressed the new user problem by observing the user similarity measure (USM). In this paper we present two novelties that address the new user problem : (i) the usage of a personality based USM to alleviate the new user problem and (ii) a method for establishing the boundary of the cold start period. We succesfully used a personality based USM that yielded significantly better recommender performance in the period where the new user problem occurs. Furthermore we presented a new methodology for assessing the boundary of the period where the new user problem occurs.
Atypical atrial flutter originating in the right atrial free wall.

BACKGROUND Data from experimental models of atrial flutter indicate that macro-reentrant circuits may be confined by anatomic and functional barriers remote from the tricuspid annulus-eustachian ridge atrial isthmus. Data characterizing the various forms of atypical atrial flutter in humans are limited. METHODS AND RESULTS In 6 of 160 consecutive patients referred for ablation of counterclockwise and/or clockwise typical atrial flutter, an additional atypical atrial flutter was mapped to the right atrial free wall. Five patients had no prior cardiac surgery. Incisional atrial tachycardia was excluded in the remaining patient. High-density electroanatomic maps of the reentrant circuit were obtained in 3 patients. Radiofrequency energy application from a discrete midlateral right atrial central line of conduction block to the inferior vena cava terminated and prevented the reinduction of atypical atrial flutter in each patient. Atrial flutter has not recurred in any patient (follow-up, 18+/-17 months; range, 3 to 40 months). CONCLUSIONS Atrial flutter can arise in the right atrial free wall. This form of atypical atrial flutter could account for spontaneous or inducible atrial flutter observed in patients referred for ablation and is eliminated with linear ablation directed at the inferolateral right atrium.
Headed in the Right Direction: A Commentary on Yoshida and Smith

In 1984, I was jogging through the streets of Bloomington, Indiana, and came to an intersection just as a car approached on the cross street. The car slowed down for the stop sign, the driver looked in my direction, and I proceeded to jog in front of its path, confident that the driver was aware of my presence and would certainly not run the stop sign. I was wrong. After tumbling over the hood of the car, which hit me at perhaps 10 miles per hour, I ended up on the ground, with the panicked driver standing over me asking if I was okay (I was bruised but not broken). The point of this anecdote is that everyone takes for granted the inference that where someone looks, which is often based solely on head direction, is coincident with where that person is attending. The hard lesson I learned by that accident is that looking is not the same as seeing. Experimental psychologists have known for nearly a century that an excellent measure of visual attention is the direction of gaze (Buswell, 1922). Head direction provides a less accurate measure because the eyes can move within a 90° horizontal extent even when the head is stationary. A variety of methods were developed to measure gaze direction with exquisite detail, and some of these methods eventually migrated to the study of infants (see Aslin & McMurray, 2004). Unfortunately, the most precise methods were impractical, requiring fairly rigid head stabilization (Haith, 1969). When more flexible methods became available, most notably head-mounted eye trackers, they opened up a new perspective on how adults view their visual world under less restrained conditions. The head was now free to move, and in some cases the entire apparatus could be mounted on the person as he
Pavement Texture Segmentation using LBP and GLCM for Visually Impaired Person

This paper proposes about a method for region segmentation and texture extraction to classify pavement and roadway region in the image that acquired from cameras equipped to the visually impaired person during a walk. First, detect a road boundary line through the line detections technique using the Hough transform, and obtain candidate regions of pavement and roadway. Second, extract texture feature in segmented candidate region, and separated pavement and roadway regions as classified three levels according to perspective scope in triangular model. In this paper, used rotation invariant LBP and GLCM to compare the difference of texture feature that pavement with various precast pavers and relatively a roadway being monotonous. Proposed method in this paper was verified that the analytical performance nighttime did not deteriorate in comparison with the results from the daytime, and region segmentation performance was very well in complex image has various obstacles and pedestrians.
Notice of RetractionHybrid Optimization Algorithm of Corrosion Diagnosis for Grounding Grid

The steel grounding grid buried in earth will corrode and become hidden danger to the safety of power system. It is important to examine the state of grounding. Particle swarm optimization (PSO) is a population-based, self-adaptive search optimization technique. This paper used combination of rotating and encouraging each location and incentives, many measurement method, established a new non-linear constrained optimization model which target is minimum energy, and proposed the grounding hybrid optimization algorithm, the issue use double-layer evolutionary strategy and double-fitness comparative law, after evolving each particle by basic PSO algorithm, use the method which solve linear programming problems for partial update to reduce the particles of non-feasibility, so as to increase computing speed and computational efficiency purposes. The new mathematical model and the corresponding hybrid optimization algorithm solve the problem with multiple solutions when there are fewer nodes; thereby detect the possible corrosion of branches.
Jump frequency may contribute to risk of jumper's knee: a study of interindividual and sex differences in a total of 11 943 jumps video recorded during training and matches in young elite volleyball players

Background Male sex, total training volume (number of hours per week) and match exposure (number of sets played per week) are risk factors for jumper's knee among young elite volleyball players. However, it is not known whether jump frequency differs among players on the same squad. Objective To examine interindividual and sex differences in jump frequency during training and matches in young elite volleyball players. Design Observational study. Setting Norwegian elite volleyball boarding school training programme. Participants Student-athletes (26 boys and 18 girls, 16–18 years). Methods Individual jump counts were recorded based on visual analysis of video recordings obtained from 1 week of volleyball training (9 training sessions for boys and 10 for girls, 14.1 h and 17.8 h of training, respectively) and 10 matches (5.9 h for boys (16 sets) and 7.7 h for girls (21 sets). Results A total of 11 943 jumps were recorded, 4138 during matches and 7805 during training. As training attendance and jump frequency varied substantially between players, the total exposure in training ranged from 50 to 666 jumps/week among boys and from 11 to 251 jumps/week among girls. On average, this corresponded to 35.7 jumps/h for boys and 13.7 jumps/h for girls (Student t test, p=0.002). Total jump exposure during matches ranged between 1 and 339 jumps among boys and between 0 and 379 jumps among girls, corresponding to an average jump frequency of 62.2 jumps/h for boys and 41.9 jumps/h for girls (Student t test, p<0.039). The interindividual differences in jump frequency were substantially greater than any differences observed among player functions. Conclusions Jump frequency has substantial interindividual and sex differences during training and matches in young elite volleyball players. Total jump volume may represent a more important risk factor for jumper's knee than total training volume, warranting further research attention.
Behavioural and psychometric measures of impulsivity in a personality disordered population

The relationship between psychometric and behavioural measures of impulsivity has not been extensively examined in violent personality disordered samples. We examined the relationship between psychometric and behavioural measures of impulsivity in 40 male, medication free, personality-disordered offenders with a history of violent offences. Subjects were categorized into high and low impulsivity groups based on psychometric measures and on the nature of their institutional violence. Group differences in performance on behavioural impulsivity measures were examined. High (trait)-impulsive subjects had significantly higher scores on all psychometric measures of impulsivity, poorer behavioural inhibition and an inability to delay gratification than low impulsive subjects. Within the institution, subjects who were categorized as predominately instrumentally violent had lower trait impulsivity, fewer incidents, and a greater ability to inhibit responses on behavioural tasks than those who were reactively violent. In the overall sample behavioural measures did not correlate well with psychometric measures of impulsivity and these measures appear to assess different constructs.
Looking and Seeing : On the Abilities of Primates to Detect the Gaze and Attribute Visual Attention

Vision is probably one of the most important functions of advanced organisms. When we look at objects, we not only detect their physical parameters but also are able to think about these objects and make complex conclusions. When we see another person looking somewhere, we are also able to understand that he or she focuses on some object and probably thinks about that. To what extent primates’ vision is similar to ours? In other words, are they able to perceive others looking and understand what they are looking at? This work attempts to address the argument about the existence of gaze detection in primates. I subject to critical analysis the most well known scientific papers in the field of primatology as well as provide parallels with the studies of human gaze. In order to understand the concept of gaze I will distinguish between gaze and visual attention and pr ovide definitions of both concepts drawn from what we know about “gaze” as humans. Generally, I will try to answer and expand some of the questions posed by Keeley [1]. In particular I will address the question “Is it true that some animals follow gaze without attributing mental states to others? ”