Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Empathie: neurowissenschaftliche Grundlagen, klinische Implikationen und offene Fragestellungen

Empathie ist als Therapeutenvariable wichtiger Untersuchungsgegenstand der Psychotherapieforschung. Zugleich ist das Empathievermögen jedoch auch eine Patientenvariable, die den Behandlungserfolg beeinflussen kann. Als Bestandteil klinischer Symptomatik ist ein verändertes Empathieerleben bisher wenig im Fokus klinisch-psychologischer Forschung. Meist werden Konzepte wie Perspektivenübernahme / «Theory of Mind», Emotionsregulation und Alexithymie untersucht, nicht aber Empathie selbst. Der vorliegende Übersichtsartikel hat zum Ziel, Erkenntnisse der Neurowissenschaften in Bezug auf Empathie zusammenzufassen und störungsspezifisch verändertes Empathieerleben aufzuzeigen. Weiterhin sollen diese für die Psychotherapie nutzbar gemacht werden, um neue Ansatzpunkte für psychotherapeutische Interventionen zu generieren.
Noble Metal Nanoparticles Applications in Cancer

Nanotechnology has prompted new and improved materials for biomedical applications with particular emphasis in therapy and diagnostics. Special interest has been directed at providing enhanced molecular therapeutics for cancer, where conventional approaches do not effectively differentiate between cancerous and normal cells; that is, they lack specificity. This normally causes systemic toxicity and severe and adverse side effects with concomitant loss of quality of life. Because of their small size, nanoparticles can readily interact with biomolecules both at surface and inside cells, yielding better signals and target specificity for diagnostics and therapeutics. This way, a variety of nanoparticles with the possibility of diversified modification with biomolecules have been investigated for biomedical applications including their use in highly sensitive imaging assays, thermal ablation, and radiotherapy enhancement as well as drug and gene delivery and silencing. Here, we review the available noble metal nanoparticles for cancer therapy, with particular focus on those already being translated into clinical settings.
Behavioural and physiological responses to the emotional and taboo Stroop tasks in native and non-native speakers of English

Skin conductance levels (SCLs) of native and non-native English speakers were measured during emotional and taboo Stroop tasks. Significantly slower response times to negative and taboo words when compared to neutral words were found in both groups of participants, but positive words were not found to differ significantly from neutral words. No differences between native and non-native speakers in their behavioural responses were present: the pattern of interference from negative and taboo words was found to be identical in L1 and L2. SCLs, however, did reveal differences between the native and non-native participants: native English speakers responded with significantly higher SCLs to negative and taboo words when compared with neutral and positive words. This difference was not observed in non-native speakers, although there was a trend for taboo words to elicit greater SCLs than positive words. This suggests that, although the two groups responded in a very similar manner on a behavioural level, the level of arousal produced by the negative and taboo words for native English speakers was greater than that for non-native speakers.
The Value of Wilderness

In this paper I explore various grounds on which wilderness can be regarded as something which we should value, and I draw attention to the problems of re solving conflict which are generated by these diverse grounds. I conclude that our attitudes toward nature are partially determined by a background of metaphysical assumptions which derive in particular from the philosophy of Descartes. These metaphysical preconceptions lead to the misconception that various alternative views about the natural environment are mystical or occult. Thus, an alternative non-Cartesian node of conception involving holistic or systemic modes of thought is required in order to develop a satisfactory basis for our attitude toward the natural world_
Multi-Frame Distributed Protocol for Analog Network Coding in Slow-Fading Channels

The wireless network scenario here is based on N users that communicate one with the others through a central relay node by adopting the Analog Network Coding (ANC) paradigm. In this paper, we propose a communication scheme for ANC able to guaratee the simultaneous transmissions of N ≥ 2 interfering terminals using the concept of multiuser processing (i.e., channel estimation and detection). Under the assumption of slow-varying channels, multi-link channel estimation is achieved through the coherent summation at the physical layer of the invariant training sequences over the different frames, thus enabling multiuser detection. Benefits of the proposed ANC protocol are stressed through comparisons with the traditional TDMA-based routing scheme where the relay is time-shared among the different users. Impacts of the hindrances to our scheme (namely, hardware impairments at the nodes and finite coherence-time of the channels) are also investigated by numerical analysis. The proposed algorithm enables the employment of simple sense-before-talk policies at each user interested in accessing the network, thus avoiding complex forms of centralized coordination by the relay.
Potential Enhancement of Plant Iron Assimilation by Microbial-Induced Root Exudation of Phenolic Compounds

Iron (Fe) deficiency in crop plants is a modern agricultural problem worldwide. Although multiple strategies have been evolved to improve Fe assimilation, some plant species, especially dicots and nongraminaceous monocots (strategy I plants), cannot avoid Fe deficiency in low Fe-availability soils. It is well documented that graminaceous plants (strategy II plants) employ the chelationbased Fe acquisition, and the strategy I plants use the reduction-based strategy to take up Fe. Intriguingly, under Fe deficiency the strategy I plants have recently been found to acquire Fe via exudation of phenolic compounds to mobilize Fe, which is much similar to the chelation-based mechanism of strategy II plants. Hitherto, increasing evidence has shown that soil microbes play a cooperative role in plant Fe acquisition. Several beneficial rhizobacteria have been found to increase plant Fe accumulation via activation of the reduction-based strategy. Moreover, microbial-induced root exudation of phenolic compounds can also promote plant Fe absorption by efficient mobilization of Fe, which increases Fe bioavailability in calcareous soils. Here, we briefly review the recent progress on the Fe assimilation strategies of strategy I and II plants, and further discuss the possible mechanisms underlying soil microbes enhance plant Fe acquisition.
Therapeutic Jurisprudence, Legal Landscapes, and Form Reform: The Case of Diversion

This essay, prepared for a therapeutic jurisprudence workshop at the Florida Coastal Law School, will be published in the Therapeutic Jurisprudence Review of the Florida Coastal Law Review. It discusses several therapeutic and antitherapeutic legal landscapes operative in diversion, sentencing, and corrections, such as sentence credit for presentence confinement, the relevance of post-offense and post-sentence rehabilitation on sentence imposition, and the absence of motivational power in the federal mechanism of supervised release. Finally, it discusses in detail the federal diversion program, and the pretrial diversion form and related procedures as detailed in the US Attorneys Manual. The essay concludes by conceptualizing the Manual as part of the federal "legal landscape" of interest to the field of therapeutic jurisprudence, and suggests "form reform" as an important new direction of scholarship.
Draft Genome Sequence of Bacillus subtilis Ia1a, a New Strain for Poly-γ-Glutamic Acid and Exopolysaccharide Production

ABSTRACT We report here the 4.092-Mb high-quality draft genome assembly of a newly isolated poly-γ-glutamic acid–producing strain, Bacillus subtilis Ia1a. The genome sequence is considered a critical tool to facilitate the engineering of improved production strains. Exopolysaccharides and many industrially important enzymes can be produced by this new strain utilizing different carbon sources.
An analysis of stochastic flows

This is a survey article devoted to the stochastic flows with singular interaction. It presents the recent results of the authors which show how the basic for the smooth stochastic differential equations statements can be obtained for the flow with coalescence. The proposed approaches allows to get the large deviations for the Arratia flow, Krylov–Veretennikov expansion for the general stochastic semi-group, discrete time approximation for the Harris flows. Also the transformation of the compacts by the semi-group of the finite-dimensional projections is considered.
Employing Topic Models for Pattern-based Semantic Class Discovery

A semantic class is a collection of items (words or phrases) which have semantically peer or sibling relationship. This paper studies the employment of topic models to automatically construct semantic classes, taking as the source data a collection of raw semantic classes (RASCs), which were extracted by applying predefined patterns to web pages. The primary requirement (and challenge) here is dealing with multi-membership: An item may belong to multiple semantic classes; and we need to discover as many as possible the different semantic classes the item belongs to. To adopt topic models, we treat RASCs as "documents", items as "words", and the final semantic classes as "topics". Appropriate preprocessing and postprocessing are performed to improve results quality, to reduce computation cost, and to tackle the fixed-k constraint of a typical topic model. Experiments conducted on 40 million web pages show that our approach could yield better results than alternative approaches.
Therapy goals in inpatient psychotherapy: differences between diagnostic groups and psychotherapeutic orientations

Many studies have suggested the importance of therapy goals for the treatment process, especially in a multi-professional treatment context such as inpatient psychotherapy. However, only very few studies have examined differences between various groups of patients with regard to their respective treatment goals. Using a previously developed system for the categorization of therapy goals based on computer-assisted, qualitative data analysis, we have extracted 7157 therapy goals from a sample of 1192 discharge reports of treatment periods from inpatient psychotherapy in Germany. To test the inter-rater reliability of the system, a sample of 400 randomly chosen goals was classified by two independent raters. Logistic regression analysis was used to test whether different goal areas prove to be of different predictive value with regard to the respective dependent variables (diagnostic groups, psychotherapeutic orientations). Inter-rater reliability ranged between 0.73 and 0.82. Results of using the logistic regression model indicate that the selection of certain goal categories predicts affiliation to specific diagnostic groups and psychotherapeutic orientations. The resulting odds ratios vary between 1.2 and 16. These findings can be used for a more individualized treatment planning and outcome measurement in inpatient psychotherapeutic treatment. However, there are also goal categories that do not differentiate and therefore need to be further investigated. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The Role of Previous Nociceptive Input in Development of Autotomy Following Cordotomy

Intractable pains have been described after surgical or accidental lesions in the peripheral or central nervous system. The possible contribution of antecedent injury to the appearance of these pains was examined in an animal model for chronic pain which involved observing self-mutilation or autotomy behavior in rats. Various combinations of previous injury, selective spinal cut, and peripheral denervation were carried out on rats. Injuries ranged from mild to moderate and were produced by nociceptive stimuli from formaldehyde injection, induced local arthritis, or hot water application. Selective spinal cuts included either a dorsal column (DC), a dorsal quadrant which included a DC and a dorsolateral funiculus, an anterolateral column (ALC), or a hemisection. In rats without prior exposure to injury the various types of spinal cuts were not associated with any autotomy. In rats with prior exposure to formaldehyde injection, autotomy was associated only with spinal cuts that involved the ALC. In an otherwise similar group of rats but with prior induction of local arthritis, a stronger association of ALC lesion and autotomy was observed. In an earlier study, rats with ALC lesion prior to denervation showed reduced autotomy. In this study, we demonstrated that in rats with previous exposure to heat injury, an ALC lesion was strongly associated with autotomy. Autotomy was absent, however, in rats with heat injury only. These findings strongly suggest that pain resulting from previous exposure to injury produces a memory trace in the central nervous system which can account for the phantom pains encountered in various clinical conditions.
Counting on Colleagues: New Teachers Encounter the Professional Cultures of Their Schools

Within the context of an impending teacher shortage, this article considers the professional cultures that new teachers encounter in their schools. Using new entrants’ accounts, we characterized three types of professional cultures or subcultures within schools: veteran-oriented cultures, novice-oriented cultures, and integrated cultures. In veteran-oriented cultures, new teachers described norms of professional interaction determined, in large part, by the veterans, with little attention to the particular needs of beginning teachers. In novice-oriented cultures, on the other hand, new teachers described norms of professional interaction determined by novices, thus leaving them with little experienced guidance about how to teach. However, in integrated professional cultures, new teachers described being provided with sustained support and having frequent exchanges with colleagues across experience levels. Principals proved to be important in developing and maintaining integrated professional cultures where the particular needs of new teachers were both recognized and addressed.
Lexicon Rhetoricae: The Narrative Theory of Kenneth Burke and its Application to Marketing

The purpose of this article is to propose Lexicon Rhetoricae, the narrative theory of Kenneth Burke from the discipline of literary criticism, as a comprehensive model which helps to explain how symbolism and nonconscious processes influence the consumption experience, and which helps to reconcile the psychology of the consumption experience with the more observable stimuli of the marketing environment.
tweetStimuli : discovering social structure of influence

Social influence has become a field of study about how people might induce effect on others. Diffusion of information in large networks has been studied to analyze how the information flows over the network producing cascades as a main proxy of influence. For instance, microblogs such as Twitter has allowed to identify and rank influencers based on message propagation (retweets). Different factors of influence on Twitter have been identified such as: audience, interaction, users' actions and message content. In this paper, a new web application is presented. It allows to study these factors in a temporal order based on the perspective of local influence: given a target user, who influences the user as well as who has been influenced by the user. This application is able to retrieve all retweets and favorites to filter and rank them from different perspectives based on the type of tweets and attributes such as mentions or hashtags, as well as two kind of visualizations: clusters and networks which are the outcome of user behavior by retweeting and marking as favorites.
The t4sql temporal query language

Time characterizes every aspect of our life and its management when storing and querying data is very important. In this paper we propose a new temporal query language, called T4SQL, supporting multiple temporal dimensions of data. Besides the well-known valid and transaction times, it encompasses two additional temporal dimensions, namely, availability and event times. The availability time records when information is known and treated as true by the information system; the event times record the occurrence times of both the event that starts the valid time and the event that ends it. T4SQL is capable to deal with different temporal semantics (atemporal aka non-sequenced, current, sequenced, next) with respect to every temporal dimension. Moreover, T4SQL provides a novel temporal grouping clause and an orthogonal management of temporal properties when defining the selection condition(s) and the schema for the output relation.
High-Assurance Separation Kernels: A Survey on Formal Methods

Separation kernels provide temporal/spatial separation and controlled information flow to their hosted applications. They are introduced to decouple the analysis of applications in partitions from the analysis of the kernel itself. More than 20 implementations of separation kernels have been developed and widely applied in critical domains, e.g., avionics/aerospace, military/defense, and medical devices. Formal methods are mandated by the security/safety certification of separation kernels and have been carried out since this concept emerged. However, this field lacks a survey to systematically study, compare, and analyze related work. On the other hand, high-assurance separation kernels by formal methods still face big challenges. In this paper, an analytical framework is first proposed to clarify the functionalities, implementations, properties and standards, and formal methods application of separation kernels. Based on the proposed analytical framework, a taxonomy is designed according to formal methods application, functionalities, and properties of separation kernels. Research works in the literature are then categorized and overviewed by the taxonomy. In accordance with the analytical framework, a comprehensive analysis and discussion of related work are presented. Finally, four challenges and their possible technical directions for future research are identified, e.g. specification bottleneck, multicore and concurrency, and automation of full formal verification.
The Montessori Method and the Learning Sciences.

Angeline Stoll Lillard is an expert in children's pretend play and the child's developing theory of mind. I was a bit surprised to see that Lillard was the author of this book, her first, because she has not previously published any education-related articles. In addition, Maria Montessori believed that pretend play was an unnecessary waste of time (pp. 183-189). However, I understood Lillard's motivation when I read in the preface that her children attended the Peace Montessori School in Portland, Oregon. Lillard brings together her own experience as a Montessori parent with her professional expertise as a developmental psychologist, and the result is a well-written and well-argued book. I agreed to review this book both because I respect Lillard's scholarship and because I am considering sending my two-year-old to a Montessori school next year. I was impressed by this book, enjoyed reading it, and learned a lot about Montessori's method.
Calcium Activity of Upper Thoracic Dorsal Root Ganglion Neurons in Zucker Diabetic Fatty Rats

The aim of the present study was to examine the calcium activity of C8-T5 dorsal root ganglion (DRG) neurons from Zucker diabetic fatty rats. In total, 8 diabetic ZDF fatty animals and 8 age-matched control ZDF lean rats were employed in the study. C8-T5 dorsal root ganglia were isolated bilaterally from 14 to 18 weeks old rats, and a primary culture was prepared. Calcium activity was measured ratiometrically using the fluorescent Ca2+-indicator Fura-2 acetoxymethyl ester. All neurons were stimulated twice with 20 mM K+, followed by stimulation with either 0.3 or 0.5 μM Capsaicin, alone or in combination with algogenic chemicals (bradykinin, serotonin, prostaglandin E2 (all 10−5 M), and adenosine (10−3 M)) at pH 7.4 and 6.0. Neurons from diabetic animals exhibited an overall increased response to stimulation with 20 mM K+ compared to neurons from control. Stimulation with Capsaicin alone caused an augmented response in neurons from diabetic animals compared to control animals. When stimulated with a combination of Capsaicin and algogenic chemicals, no differences between the two groups of neurons were measured, neither at pH 7.4 nor 6.0. In conclusion, diabetes-induced alterations in calcium activity of the DRG neurons were found, potentially indicating altered neuronal responses during myocardial ischemia.
Doctoral students’ experience of information technology research

As part of their journey of learning to research, doctoral candidates need to become members of their research community. In part, this involves coming to be aware of their field in ways that are shared amongst longer‐term members of the research community. One aspect of candidates’ experience we need to understand, therefore, involves how they ‘see’ or ‘constitute’ the fields of research in which they are engaged. The study reported in this article investigated information technology research students’ differing ways of experiencing their object(s) of study and their research field or territory. A phenomenographic approach was adopted, using techniques developed from an earlier study of experienced information technology researchers in order to make the results comparable. The results revealed seven ways of constituting information technology research amongst students, compared with eight previously identified amongst experienced researchers. Information technology research students constituted information technology research in ways that revealed both variation from, as well as complementarities with, more experienced researchers working in the same environment. The results extend an existing collective model of the character of information technology research, and suggest directions for doctoral education and associated research across the sector.