Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Dynamic Backtracking

Because of their occasional need to return to shallow points in a search tree, existing backtracking methods can sometimes erase meaningful progress toward solving a search problem. In this paper, we present a method by which backtrack points can be moved deeper in the search space, thereby avoiding this difficulty. The technique developed is a variant of dependency-directed backtracking that uses only polynomial space while still providing useful control information and retaining the completeness guarantees provided by earlier approaches.
Data Report: Diatom Biostratigraphy of Sites 1251 and 1252

Sites 1251 (44°34.213′N, 125°4.440′W; 1211 m water depth) and 1252 (44°35.167′N, 125°5.569′W; 1039 m water depth) were drilled on the eastern flank of the southern summit of Hydrate Ridge off Oregon in the northeast Pacific Ocean, where well-stratified sediments were deposited at a rapid rate. Unconformities and debris flow layers of middle Pleistocene age were found at both sites. Their ages are of great importance in constructing the geohistory of Hydrate Ridge. Detailed diatom biostratigraphy of the middle to late Pleistocene of Sites 1251 and 1252 was carried out for this purpose.
Less Stress, More Privacy: Stress Detection on Anonymized Speech of Air Traffic Controllers

Air traffic control (ATC) demands multi-tasking under time pressure with high consequences of an error. This can induce stress. Detecting stress is a key point in maintaining the high safety standards of ATC. However, processing ATC voice data entails privacy restrictions, e.g. the General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) law. Anonymizing the ATC voice data is one way to comply with these restrictions. In this paper, different architectures for stress detection for anonymized ATCO speech are evaluated. Our best networks reach a stress detection accuracy of 93.6% on an anonymized version of the Speech Under Simulated and Actual Stress ( SUSAS) dataset and an accuracy of 80.1% on our anonymized ATC simulation dataset. This shows that privacy does not have to be an impediment in building well-performing deep-learning-based models.
Seasonal climate summary southern hemisphere (summer 2011-12): a mature La Niña, strongly positive SAM and active MJO

Southern Oscillation Index The Troup Southern Oscillation Index1 (SOI) is based on the mean sea-level pressure (MSLP) difference between Tahiti and Darwin. Sustained negative SOI values below around –8 generally indicate an El Niño event, while sustained positive values above around +8 are associated with La Niña periods. Fig. 1 shows SOI values from January 2008 to February 2012. The SOI shifted from negative to positive in April 2010 following the rapid decay of the 2009–10 El Niño (Campbell 2011). Record or near-record high SOI values were attained in several months between September 2010 and April 2011 (Lovitt 2011, Imielska 2011, Tobin and Skinner 2012), coinciding with one of the strongest La Niña events on record (Beard et al. 2011). More neutral values in winter 2011 increased significantly in spring as another La Niña developed (Cottrill 2012). This La Niña peaked during summer 2011–12, with SOI values of +23.0, +9.4 and +2.5 for December, January and February respectively, and an average summer value of +11.6. The December SOI of +23.0 was exceptional for December, exceeded only in December 2010 (+27.1) and ranking equal second alongside December 1950 (records began in 1876). The individual pressure anomalies at Darwin and Tahiti contributed relatively equally to the SOI. MSLP was well below average in Darwin during December (anomaly –2.4 hPa) but gradually moved closer to average with anomalies of –0.4 hPa in January and +0.7 hPa in February. A strongly 1The Troup Southern Oscillation Index (Troup 1965) used in this article is ten times the standardised monthly anomaly of the difference in MSLP between Tahiti and Darwin, based on a sixty-year climatology (1933– 1992). Darwin MSLP is from the Bureau of Meteorology, and Tahiti MSLP is from Météo France inter-regional direction for French Polynesia. All data are available at http://www.bom. gov.au/climate/current/soihtm1. shtml
Development of Synthetic Ageing Profiling for Occupant Behaviour

Occupant behaviour is one major factor influencing energy use in residential buildings, which is also impacted by sociodemographic such as age. A better understanding of age-behaviour-building interactions enables to describe with higher accuracy the energy consumption as the ageing population increase rapidly. However, the collection of real occupant behaviour faces difficulties in privacy issues and various sensors with relatively high costs. This pilot study proposed to develop synthetic ageing profiling for occupant behaviour through the Generative Adversarial Network (GAN), which is capable of predicting electricity consumption by simulation tool (EnergyPlus) during the design process. We validated the results with 600 household profiles with two-generational cohorts (40–64 years and 65 years and above) in Singapore. The Kullback–Leibler divergence of the synthetic and real profiling are within 0.46 for a majority of parameters and clusters. The synthetic results will help the building energy performance research for an ageing population.
Effects of whole-body high-intensity interval training and different running-based high-intensity interval training protocols on aerobic capacity and strength endurance in young physical education students

: High Intensity Interval Training (HIIT) sessions effectively improve aerobic fitness in children and adolescents in relatively short time. Circuit Training arrangements using highly intensive whole-body drills may reach similar results and may seem an appropriate training method for Physical Education settings. So far, only few studies compared the effects of running-based HIIT intervals lasting less than one minute and whole-body circuit training with a control group. This intervention study examined the effects of 12 units of running-based HIIT protocols (10x1 min vs. 15x30 sec.) and a Circuit training regimen implemented over 12 weeks within regular P.E. lessons. 108 students from two secondary schools in Baden Württemberg and Niedersachsen took part in the study. Pre and posttests were conducted to determine training effects with regard to VO 2max and strength endurance. The results showed significant improvements in aerobic fitness (+ 5-9%) and strength parameters for all training groups (HIIT 1: t(28) = -1,886, p < 0.05; HIIT 2: t(27) = -2,631, p < 0.01; CIRCUIT: t (25) = -2.834, p < 0.01). Ultrashort intervals and circuit training based on whole-body drills were perceived as significantly more motivating by the students than longer intervals lasting 60 seconds ( g = 0.21, 95% CI 0.055-0.356, p < 0.001).
Discussion of Medical Waste Incineration Technology

This paper analyzes the composition and the physical and chemical properties of medical waste.The status,hazards,characteristics of medical waste are reviewed.The development of domestic and abroad waste incineration technology are summaried.Many universities and research institutes in China have devoted to develop medical waste incinerator.Demonstration projects on medical waste incineration are set up.The article also compared the three types of medical waste incinerator.The result shows pyrolysis and gasification technology-based incinerators developed in recent years,has unique advantages in the treatment of medical waste.So we focus on the new burning process-heat pyrolysis.
Subsidies and MNE investment location choices: Unravelling the effects of firm specificity and immediacy

Industrialized countries increasingly use targeted subsidies to lessen firms’ disadvantages caused by climate change, geopolitical realignment of trade relationships and local COVID-19 pandemic dislocations. The debate over the United States Inflationary Reduction Act and the European Union criticism of it because of its effect on firms’ investment location choices exemplify how subsidies affect investment flows. We investigate to what extent different subsidy schemes affect firms’ investment location choices and explore the effect on two dimensions: immediacy (direct versus indirect) and firm specificity (firm-specific versus non-firm-specific). Using a sample of United States MNEs and their investments in subsidiaries in the European Union and China, we find that direct subsidies have a greater positive effect on investment than indirect subsidies, and that non-firm-specific subsidies have a greater positive effect than firm-specific subsidies. Our study establishes a more nuanced understanding of subsidy effects, suggesting that policymakers should align their subsidy schemes for attracting foreign direct investment accordingly.
NEETs and Youth Guarantee Registration: Examining the Link to Past Undeclared Work

A myriad of factors influence young people’s vulnerability and the likelihood of becoming NEET. Moreover, the share of young NEETs in European countries is very high. Institutional and governmental initiatives aiming to promote the inclusion of young people in the labour market are of paramount importance. However, the socio-economic conditions and the level of vulnerability alongside other socio-demographic characteristics are likely to influence the extent to which young people ultimately engage with such programmes. The current study ascertains whether previous experience of informal work increases young people’s propensity to participate in programmes offered by public employment services, such as the Youth Guarantee Programme. Indeed, we hypothesise that the experience of working without a contract makes young people more aware and concerned about the risk of remaining trapped in a spiral of vulnerable jobs. To test this, we used data from a survey of 4,273 NEETs and focused on Italy, Portugal, and Spain. The study’s findings contribute to a better understanding of the relationship between past experience in the informal economy and engagement with the Youth Guarantee. Besides contributing to the literature, the study can also contribute to policy making and practitioners’ assessment of the relative efficacy of Youth Guarantee initiatives among different subgroups of young NEET and tailor the interventions accordingly. In other words, the outcomes of this study should signal to governments that greater efforts should be made to implement initiatives reaching out to young people, as well as acting to reduce the precariousness in job contracts, which negatively impacts their quality of life.
COHERENCE DECOMPOSITION ANALYSIS, A CASE STUDY IN THREE GORGES AREA, CHINA

SAR interferometric coherence losses are due to different decorrelation sources. In this paper, we decompose the coherence sources into surface and point-like components. Using the geometry relationship between two acquisitions and SRTM DEM, one can get the value of the geometrical coherence loss, which is the main part of surface coherence loss. After removing the coherence losses due to geometry and azimuth, temporal coherence can be obtained. Besides temporal coherence, point-like targets can be identified from the coherence decomposition analysis, in given spatial and temporal baseline conditions. The results are validated with optical images and Permanent Scatterers analyses.
A 3-Year-Old Girl with Brain Imaging Findings Suggesting Arachnoid Cyst, and Biopsy Diagnosis of Extra-Axial Multicystic Pilocytic Astrocytoma

Patient: Female, 3-year-old Final Diagnosis: Pilocytic astrocytoma Symptoms: Difficulty walking • headache • vomiting Clinical Procedure: — Specialty: Neurosurgery • Radiology Objective: Rare disease Background: Arachnoid cysts and pilocytic astrocytomas are distinct intracranial entities with differing clinical presentations, origins, and management strategies. Arachnoid cysts are benign fluid-filled sacs associated with congenital or acquired causes, while pilocytic astrocytomas are low-grade brain tumors, primarily affecting pediatric and young adult populations, originating from astrocytes. However, diagnosing pilocytic astrocytomas can be challenging due to their radiological features, sometimes resembling more common intracranial lesions, such as arachnoid cysts. This case underscores the need for vigilance and a multidisciplinary approach when confronted with neuroimaging findings that diverge from typical patterns. Case Report: We present a case of a 3-year-old girl who presented with persistent headaches, vomiting, and difficulty walking. Initial radiological assessment suggested an arachnoid cyst, given the patient’s symptoms and imaging characteristics. Subsequently, the patient underwent a craniotomy, with intraoperative findings revealing a cystic lesion without a solid mural nodule, which was excised completely. Postoperatively, histopathological examination confirmed a diagnosis of extra-axial pilocytic astrocytoma. The patient’s symptoms resolved, and she was discharged without neurological deficits. Conclusions: Diagnosing extra-axial pilocytic astrocytomas presents challenges, due to their radiological similarities with more common intracranial lesions, like arachnoid cysts. This case underscores the importance of histopatho-logical examination to confirm the diagnosis accurately. Surgical resection remains the primary treatment for extra-axial pilocytic astrocytomas, often resulting in a favorable prognosis.
Unlocking Sustainable Horizons: Explaining The Role of Green Finance in Advancing Sustainable Construction Practices among Building Professionals

Green finance has become essential in the twenty-first century, not only for environmental science but also for business. The current study aimed to determine how green funding contributes to the promotion of green construction. Moreover, to discover the factors and challenges hindering the relationship between Green Finance and Sustainable Construction. In addition, it provides strategies for improving sustainable construction through green finance. It was quantitative research. The study's design was descriptive, and the survey method was adopted to collect data. A causal-comparative design was utilized to find relationships between study variables. Green financing was the independent variable, and sustainable construction was the dependent variable. This study considered three important professionals: Building Contractors, Consultants, and Developers from Lahore, Punjab. A close-ended questionnaire comprised of a five-point rating scale was used as a data collection tool. The reliability and validity of research instruments were also determined. The researcher collected data through personal visits using questionnaires. Before collecting prior appointments were made, the purpose of the study was intimated to respondents, and the confidentiality of responses was assured. Data was analyzed through descriptive statistics, for example, Mean, Standard Deviation, and T-Test. The results of the study show that respondents had an overall favorable opinion of green financing, acknowledging both its availability and investors' interest in sustainable projects. A favorable outlook is further enhanced by favorable loan terms. Nonetheless, there are still issues facing the sustainable construction industry, with low initial costs and ignorance being the main barriers. Research has also made recommendations for future studies that aim to close the finance gap for green projects. It might also assist with the responsibilities that each party involved in the improvement of green finance must carry out.
Hegemony in Guyana: Redd-Plus and State Control Over Indigenous Peoples and Resources

The distinct interests in a REDD scheme of the governments of Norway and Guyana in 2009 are examined. We review the history of Guyana’s undemocratic ethnic political parties, rooted in the philosophy of Democratic Centralism. We consider the consequences of extending government control over the majority of forests and forest resource users through the putative REDD scheme with Norway, in a context where Indigenous Peoples’ rights are not yet fully settled. We outline the consequences of the decades-long failure to implement Guyana’s National Development Strategy and integrated land use planning initiatives. We explain the limitations of the monitoring of land use under the Norway-Guyana Agreement, and the missed opportunities to effect changes in governance and land use. The ‘Opt-In mechanism’ and the two projects that are specifically intended to benefit the Indigenous Peoples — Amerindian Land Titling and the Amerindian Development Fund — are considered. We lay out options for Amerindian autochthonous development and the lessons for REDD-plus that are emerging from Guyana.
How the organic food system contributes to sustainability

Despite many agricultural systems and most food companies claiming to be sustainable, recent studies show that the planetary boundaries have been exceeded mainly by food production and consumption. Against the background of a looming 9.6 billion people in 2050, many scientists argue for a further intensification of agricultural systems. Organic food systems may offer an alternative approach towards sustainability. Many studies on organic agriculture suggest that organic practices are less harmful for the environment, may foster social well-being and may lead to economic resilience. Others argue that organic systems yield on average about 20 percent less than comparable conventional systems. On the bottom line, this may even lead to higher environmental impacts, land use and pressure on natural ecosystems and put global food availability at risk. This paper aims at providing an overview of the contribution of organic food systems to sustainability distinguishing between different levels. Using (i) the SAFA Guidelines and (ii) the three sustainability strategies of efficiency, consistency and sufficiency as a framework, we assess how organic food systems can contribute to sustainability. We distinguish between the operator level, the product level and the spatial/policy level. We show that the operator level (i) focuses on consistency and allows covering the widest range of sustainability themes. At the product-related level (ii), only specific environmental themes can be covered and the efficiency is the central issue addressed by the studies. The spatial/policy level (iii) addresses all three sustainability strategies, as food security and systemic changes such as dietary patterns and food waste are considered, but is often too general for looking at many social themes of sustainability. Results show that organic food systems perform well with respect to environmental performance at the operator and spatial/policy level, while results at the product level are more heterogeneous, as yields are often lower. Differences between organic and conventional systems vary between different regions and product types. The economic performance can be judged at operators’ level, which reveals context-specific differences in profitability, depending on product type and regional context. However, apart from profitability, organic food systems may provide further benefits in terms of economic resilience due to the cradle-to-cradle principle. At the spatial/policy level, food availability and food security play important roles. Global studies show how organic food systems can provide sufficient food if demand patterns change towards less resource-consuming products. The social dimension is very context-specific and cannot be judged in general. We conclude that organic production impacts the entire food system and that organic agriculture can contribute to the efficiency, consistency and sufficiency strategies. Yet, innovation and further development of the organic system is indispensable for addressing future challenges.
DEVELOPMENT OF INFRASTRUCTURE, SOCIAL, & ECONOMY IN DEVELOPING VILLAGE (Study in Penatarsewu Village, Tanggulangin Sub-District, Sidoarjo Regency

Due to a variety of causes, several settlements in the Sidoarjo Regency can be classified as developing. The first problem is infrastructure. In Penatarsewu Village, Tanggulangin District, there are many poor educational circumstances, especially in public primary schools. The second problem is a lack of community involvement in development. In this scenario, physical development is not always handled by the village council; locals can also get engaged by building village roads and fields. Another issue is the absence of Village-Owned Enterprises (BUMDes). The two research goals of this study, which uses qualitative technique and descriptive research, are the development of infrastructure, society, and the economy in developing villages. The Miles, Huberman, and Saldana model serve as the foundation for this study's data analysis technique Interviews, observation, and documentation were used as data gathering techniques in this study. The results of this study imply that in growing villages, infrastructure, social, and economic growth have not yet been fully realized and compatible. Infrastructure development, including the construction of roads and educational institutions, is an area where it is improperly carried out and incompatible. between village heads and local authorities when the development plans were submitted. The bulk of the classrooms at the school are in poor condition because of wall damage that has continued despite multiple restorations, and the teachers' inability to effectively instruct the pupils is the empowerment for the development of society.
CMIP5 Projections of Two Types of El Niño and Their Related Tropical Precipitation in the twenty-first century

AbstractFuture projections of the eastern-Pacific (EP) and central-Pacific (CP) types of El Nino in the twenty-first century, as well as their associated tropical circulation and precipitation variability, are investigated using historical runs and representative concentration pathway 8.5 (RCP8.5) simulations from 31 coupled models in phase 5 of the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project (CMIP5). As inferred from CMIP5 models that best capture both El Nino flavors, EP El Nino sea surface temperature (SST) variability will become weaker in the future climate, while no robust change of CP El Nino SST is found. Models also reach no consensus on the future change of relative frequency from CP to EP El Nino. However, there are robust changes in the tropical overturning circulation and precipitation associated with both types of El Nino. Under a warmer climate, magnitudes of precipitation anomalies during EP El Nino are projected to increase, presenting significant enhancement of the dry (wet) signal over the we.