Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
A Splice-and-Cut Cryptanalysis of the AES

Since Rijndael was chosen as the Advanced Encryption Standard, improving upon 7-round attacks on the 128-bit key variant or upon 8-round attacks on the 256-bit key variant has been one of the most difficult challenges in the cryptanalysis of block ciphers for more than a decade. In this paper we present a novel technique of block cipher cryptanalysis with bicliques, which leads to the following results: • The first key recovery attack on 9 out of 14 rounds of AES-256 with computational complexity 2 and success rate 1. • The first key recovery attacks on 8 out of 10 rounds of AES-128. The best attack has computational complexity 2 and success rate 0.63. • The first combination of a non-random property and an algorithm that allows to distinguish the full 10-round AES-128 from an ideal cipher in a non-trivial way. This may be interpreted as a weak deviation from an ideal behavior in a model where the adversary is allowed to choose the key. In addition of being the first evidence of non-randomness in AES-128, this has some relevance when AES-128 is used in a compression function of a cryptographic hash function. In contrast to most shortcut attacks on AES variants, we do not need any related-keys. As our attacks are of high complexity, yet practically verified to large extent, they do not threaten the practical use of AES-128 or AES-256 in any way.
Pattern Generation of Biped Walking Constrained on Parametric Surface

This paper describes a generation method for spatially natural biped walking. By limiting the COG (Center of Gravity) motion space to a sculptured surface, the degree of freedom of the COG matches to the number of the ZMP (Zero Moment Point) equations. The COG motion can be uniquely generated along a specified surface satisfying the ZMP constraint with low calculation cost. Spatial and time parts are separable by representing motion surface of the COG as parametric variables. The motion surface defines the relative height of the COG from the landing foot position. Thus, the proposed method reflects geometric information directly to the motion planning without considering walk stability. In this paper, we show two actual examples, walking pattern including mostly stretched knee and going up stairs. The validity of the proposed method is confirmed by simulation. Walking with mostly stretched knee is also shown in experiment using HRP-2.
A Constraints Scattered Memetic Algorithm for Constrained Optimization Problem

In this paper, a constraints scattered memetic algorithm (CSMA), which integrates a novel constraints scattered genetic algorithm (CSGA) and the traditional interior point method, is proposed for solving constrained optimization problems. In CSGA, a constraint scattering operation, a sub-population crossover method and a new population performance evaluation mechanism are employed. The complete constraints of a problem are divided into several sub-populations and all these sub-populations are crossed after their respective evolution process. In this way, the difficulty of obtaining feasible individuals in many strong constrained conditions is well overcome. And according to the newly defined population performance index, individuals with larger population diversity are chosen for further local search. These new mechanisms are combined in CSGA and interior point method is further employed as a local search operator for exploitation. Experiments and comparisons over a set of standard test functions show that population with better performance can be generated during the iteration of CSGA and the proposed CSMA has a better solution precision at less computation cost than most of the other algorithms reported in literature.
Abnormal Crania-Achondroplastic and Acrocephalic.

AT the commencement of the present year my friend Dr Murk Jansen, Lecturer on Orthopmedic Surgery in the University of Leyden, published an excellent monograph on " Achondroplasia-its Nature and its Cause. "' We are indebted to him for many accurate and new observations regarding the condition of achondroplasia, but his main conclusion-namely, that achondroplasia-especially the cranial features of the achondroplastic-are due to a compression of the embryo by the amnion-is one which is altogether at variance with my own observations. I wish to give here a brief statement of the conclusions I had reached from a study of five specimens. All of these are in the Museum of the Royal College of Surgeons; two of them are skeletons of newly born (ninth month) children, two are full-time focetuses in a good state of preservation, and the fifth is a remarkable skull recently described by Dr C. G. Seligmann.2 The skull was found by Professor Petrie in an Egyptian tomb of the XVIIIth Dynasty. The conclusion I drew from a study of these specimens was that achondroplasia is essentially a disease of ossification. The site of the disease is limited to those lines where bone is replacing cartilage. In normal ossification the cartilage cells adjoining the advancing line of ossification undergo certain definite changes preparatory to their place being taken by bone-forming cells; in achondroplasia these pre-ossification changes in the cartilage cells do not take place. We do not know the stimulus which brings about the pre-ossification changes in cartilage cells, but such indications as are available point to a hormone, such as we may expect to arise either in the pituitary, thyroid, suprarenal, or genital glands, or by an interaction of secretions from all of these. The evidence for such a supposition I will give as I deal with the various specimens. Thus, while Dr Jansen is inclined to seek for the cause of achondroplasia in a physical compression of the embryo, I am hopeful that an explanation of this strange disorder of growth will be found in a fuller knowledge of the action of internal secretions.
Exhaled Carbon Monoxide in Asthmatic Adults with Bronchial Reactivity: A Prospective Study

Hypothesis. We hypothesized that eCO may permit non-invasive assessment of disease activity in adults with asthma and bronchial reactivity. Methods. A total of 209 participants 18 to 65 years of age with a diagnosis of asthma and bronchial reactivity provided data for analysis. The association between eCO and bronchial reactivity, forced expiratory volume in one second (FEV1), forced vital capacity (FVC), peak expiratory flow rate measurements (PEFR), asthma symptoms score, and bronchodilator use cross-sectionally and within-subject change in eCO were analyzed in relation to change in these variables over 6 weeks. Results. There was no difference in eCO in those who were taking inhaled corticosteroids and those who were not (p = 0.33). There was also no cross-sectional or within-in subject association between eCO and bronchial reactivity, FEV1, FVC, PEFR, symptoms score, or bronchodilator use. Conclusions. In a population of adults with bronchial reactivity, eCO has no or very limited potential as a biomarker of asthma activity.
Foundations of Logic-Based Trust Management

Over the last 15 years, many policy languages have been developed for specifying policies and credentials under the trust management paradigm. What has been missing is a formal semantics - in particular, one that would capture the inherently dynamic nature of trust management, where access decisions are based on the local policy in conjunction with varying sets of dynamically submitted credentials. The goal of this paper is to rest trust management on a solid formal foundation. To this end, we present a model theory that is based on Kripke structures for counterfactual logic. The semantics enjoys compositionality and full abstraction with respect to a natural notion of observational equivalence between trust management policies. Furthermore, we present a corresponding Hilbert-style axiomatization that is expressive enough for reasoning about a system's observables on the object level. We describe an implementation of a mechanization of the proof theory, which can be used to prove non-trivial meta-theorems about trust management systems, as well as analyze probing attacks on such systems. Our benchmark results show that this logic-based approach performs significantly better than the only previously available, ad-hoc analysis method for probing attacks.
Adhesion of Histoplasma capsulatum to pneumocytes and biofilm formation on an abiotic surface

The pathogenic fungus, Histoplasma capsulatum, causes the respiratory and systemic disease ‘histoplasmosis’. This disease is primarily acquired via inhalation of aerosolized microconidia or hyphal fragments of H. capsulatum. Evolution of this respiratory disease depends on the ability of H. capsulatum yeasts to survive and replicate within alveolar macrophages. It is known that adhesion to host cells is the first step in colonization and biofilm formation. Some microorganisms become attached to biological and non-biological surfaces due to the formation of biofilms. Based on the importance of biofilms and their persistence on host tissues and cell surfaces, the present study was designed to investigate biofilm formation by H. capsulatum yeasts, as well as their ability to adhere to pneumocyte cells. H. capsulatum biofilm assays were performed in vitro using two different clinical strains of the fungus and biofilms were characterized using scanning electron microscopy. The biofilms were measured using a 2,3-bis(2-methoxy-4-nitro-5-sulfophenyl)-5-[(phenylamino)carbonyl]-2H-tetrazolium-hydroxide (XTT) reduction assay. The results showed that both the H. capsulatum strains tested were very efficient at adhering to host cells and forming biofilm. Therefore, this is a possible survival strategy adopted by this fungus.
Zero-Voltage Switching DC Link Single-Phase Pulsewidth-Modulated Voltage Source Inverter

A zero voltage switching (ZVS) dc link, single-phase, pulsewidth- modulated voltage source inverter (VSI) is proposed. Operating principle and various operating intervals of the converter are presented and analyzed. Design considerations are discussed and a design example of a 300 VA VSI is given. Experimental results from a laboratory prototype model are presented. ZVS is achieved for forward and reverse power flow, without increasing the voltage stress on the inverter devices.
Efficient cytosolic delivery of molecular beacon conjugates and flow cytometric analysis of target RNA

Fluorescent microscopy experiments show that when 2′-O-methyl-modified molecular beacons (MBs) are introduced into NIH/3T3 cells, they elicit a nonspecific signal in the nucleus. This false-positive signal can be avoided by conjugating MBs to macromolecules (e.g. NeutrAvidin) that prevent nuclear sequestration, but the presence of a macromolecule makes efficient cytosolic delivery of these probes challenging. In this study, we explored various methods including TAT peptide, Streptolysin O and microporation for delivering NeutrAvidin-conjugates into the cytosol of living cells. Surprisingly, all of these strategies led to entrapment of the conjugates within lysosomes within 24 h. When the conjugates were pegylated, to help prevent intracellular recognition, only microporation led to a uniform cytosolic distribution. Microporation also yielded a transfection efficiency of 93% and an average viability of 86%. When cells microporated with MB–NeutrAvidin conjugates were examined via flow cytometry, the signal-to-background was found to be more than 3 times higher and the sensitivity nearly five times higher than unconjugated MBs. Overall, the present study introduces an improved methodology for the high-throughput detection of RNA at the single cell level.
Gain-Scheduled Complementary Filter Design for a MEMS Based Attitude and Heading Reference System

This paper describes a robust and simple algorithm for an attitude and heading reference system (AHRS) based on low-cost MEMS inertial and magnetic sensors. The proposed approach relies on a gain-scheduled complementary filter, augmented by an acceleration-based switching architecture to yield robust performance, even when the vehicle is subject to strong accelerations. Experimental results are provided for a road captive test during which the vehicle dynamics are in high-acceleration mode and the performance of the proposed filter is evaluated against the output from a conventional linear complementary filter.
Total extracellular surfactant is increased but abnormal in a rat model of gram-negative bacterial pneumonia.

An in vivo rat model was used to evaluate the effects of Escherichia coli pneumonia on lung function and surfactant in bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL). Total extracellular surfactant was increased in infected rats compared with controls. BAL phospholipid content in infected rats correlated with the severity of alveolar-capillary leak as reflected in lavage protein levels (R(2) = 0.908, P < 0.0001). Western blotting showed that levels of surfactant protein (SP)-A and SP-D in BAL were significantly increased in both large and small aggregate fractions at 2 and 6 h postinstillation of E. coli. SP-B was also increased at these times in the large aggregate fraction of BAL, whereas SP-C levels were increased at 2 h and decreased at 6 h relative to controls. The small-to-large (S/L) aggregate ratio (a marker inversely proportional to surfactant function) was increased in infected rats with >50 mg total BAL protein. There was a significant correlation (R(2) = 0.885, P < 0.0001) between increasing S/L ratio in BAL and pulmonary damage assessed by total protein. Pulmonary volumes, compliance, and oxygen exchange were significantly decreased in infected rats with >50 mg of total BAL protein, consistent with surfactant dysfunction. In vitro surface cycling studies with calf lung surfactant extract suggested that bacterially derived factors may have contributed in part to the surfactant alterations seen in vivo.
Multiethnic Literature: Holding Fast to Dreams

Despite the importance of chi-dren's literature written by and about people of color, little multiethnic literature is avalluble. However, the situation has improved ? omewhat. In recent years there has been a greater focris in African-Americau literature upon folk tales, family stories, tamily histories, and biographies. Still, books about the Hispanic, Asian, or Native American experience mostly have tended to be written about, not /1, members of those groups. An examination of stories from trade books and basal reading programs presented on the third-grade level found no non-white main characters. No other ethnic groups were represented. A similar scarcity of multicultural content was found in former U.S. Seuretary of Education William Benaett's suggested reading list and Jim Trelease's 1989 reading list. Readers from commercial publishers reflected greater diversity. The examination of multiethnic literature raises such questions as: who is writing the works; how ethnic groups are portrayed in illustrations; whether stereotypes are employed; whether separate cultures are grouped together under such labels as "Hispanic" or "Asian"; how broad an ethnic selection of reading material is presented to children; and how long multiethnic literature remains in publication. As multiethnic literature is ma,le more available, demand for it will increase. (A list of 44 references is attached.) (SG) *********************************************************************** Reproductions supplied by EDRS are the best that can be made from the original document. *********************************************************************** CENTER FOR THE STUDY OF READING Technical Report No. 551 MULTIETHNIC LITERATURE: HOLDING FAST TO DREAMS Kathryn Meyer Reimer University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign March 1992 University of Hlinois at Urbana-Champaign SI Gerty Drive Champaign, Illinois 61820 EISRASTMINT OP IEDUCATIOU Office ci t ducationat Research Act Immnsftment EDUCATIONAL RE SOURCES INFORMATION CENTER IEMCI )11'its document has been reproduced as swerved Inns Rs* Seftterl Of OrSarlostron ortionating ii Stator cOanpes nave been madr to noprore Wroclaw non quality Rousts ot woe e openers slated in farad% u meet do not nereSSartly represent ottrexat OE RI poVIO0 or pont, The worh upon which this publication was based was supported in part by the Office of Educational Research and Improvement under Cooperative Agreement No. G0087-C1001-90 with the Reading Research and Education Center. The publication does not necessarily reflect the views of the agency supporting the research.
Contractile basis of ameboid movement. VII. The distribution of fluorescently labeled actin in living amebas

The technique of molecular cytochemistry has been used to follow the distribution of fluorescently labeled actin in living Chaos carolinensis and Amoeba proteus during ameboid movement and various cellular processes. The distribution of 5-iodoacetamidofluorescein- labeled actin was compared with that of Lissamine rhodamine B sulfonyl chloride-labeled ovalbumin microinjected into the same cell and recorded with an image intensification microscope system. Actively motile cells demonstrated a rather uniform distribution of actin throughout most of the cytoplasm, except in the tail ectoplasm and in plasma gel sheets, where distinct actin structures were observed. In addition, actin-containing structures were induced in the cortex during wound healing, concanavalin A capping, pinocytosis, and contractions elicited by phalloidin injections. The formation of distinct fluorescent actin structures has been correlated with contractile activities.
Conditional Sparse Linear Regression

Machine learning and statistics typically focus on building models that capture the vast majority of the data, possibly ignoring a small subset of data as "noise" or "outliers. " By contrast, here we consider the problem of jointly identifying a significant (but perhaps small) segment of a population in which there is a highly sparse linear regression fit, together with the coefficients for the linear fit. We contend that such tasks are of interest both because the models themselves may be able to achieve better predictions in such special cases, but also because they may aid our understanding of the data. We give algorithms for such problems under the sup norm, when this unknown segment of the population is described by a k-DNF condition and the regression fit is s-sparse for constant k and s. For the variants of this problem when the regression fit is not so sparse or using expected error, we also give a preliminary algorithm and highlight the question as a challenge for future work.
Aerobic thermophilic process for the biological treatment of wastes-simulation studies.

The grinding of garbage or other organic refuse with subsequent trans port by water to a waste treatment plant is increasing as additional home garbage grinders are installed. This system of disposal also is finding; wider use in commercial establishments, and a number of cities have installed centrally located municipal garbage grinding stations. The use of an exist ing transport system, the sewers, for garbage collection is a promising ap proach to the organic refuse problem. However, use of this disposal method means that increased emphasis must be placed on treatment of these organic solids once they have reached the waste treatment plant. Thermophilic aerobic digestion is a process which appears to have great potential for treatment of these organic solids. One of the major factors to be con sidered in the use of a thermophilic process is the heat energy required to maintain thermophilic temperatures. However, heat can be produced by microbial thermogenesis as evidenced by the autothermal nature of com posting processes which usually operate in the thermophilic range. In indus trial fermentations (1) cooling coils are frequently necessary to remove heat produced by thermogenesis, and Wang
Association between the XRCC1 Polymorphisms and Glioma Risk: A Meta-Analysis of Case-Control Studies

Background X-ray repair cross-complementing group 1 (XRCC1) is one of the DNA repair genes encoding a scaffolding protein that participate in base excision repair (BER) pathway. However, studies on the association between polymorphisms in this gene and glioma have yielded conflicting results. This meta-analysis was performed to derive a more precise estimation between XRCC1 polymorphisms (Arg399Gln, Arg194Trp, and Arg280His) and glioma risk. Methods Data were collected from several electronic databases, with the last search up to November 28, 2012. Meta-analysis was performed by critically reviewing 9 studies for Arg399Gln polymorphism (3146 cases and 4296 controls), 4 studies for Arg194Trp polymorphism (2557 cases and 4347 controls), and 4 studies for Arg280His polymorphism (1936 cases and 2895 controls). All of the statistical analyses were performed using the software programs STATA (version 11.0). Results The combined results showed that Arg399Gln polymorphism was significantly associated with glioma risk (Gln/Gln versus Arg/Arg: OR = 1.52, 95% CI = 1.03–2.23; recessive model: OR = 1.32, 95% CI = 1.01–1.73; additive model: OR = 1.21, 95% CI = 1.00–1.47), whereas Arg194Trp/Arg280His polymorphisms were all not significantly associated with glioma risk. As for ethnicity, Arg399Gln polymorphism was associated with increased risk of glioma among Asians (Gln/Gln versus Arg/Arg: OR = 1.78, 95% CI = 1.29–2.47; Arg/Gln versus Arg/Arg: OR = 1.28, 95% CI = 1.05–1.56; recessive model: OR = 1.59, 95% CI = 1.16–2.17; dominant model: OR = 1.36, 95% CI = 1.13–1.65; additive model: OR = 1.32, 95% CI = 1.15–1.52), but not among Caucasians. Stratified analyses by histological subtype indicated that the Gln allele of Arg399Gln polymorphism showed borderline association with the risk of glioblastoma among Caucasians. However, no evidence was observed in subgroup analyses for Arg194Trp/Arg280His polymorphisms. Conclusions Our meta-analysis suggested that Arg399Gln polymorphism was associated with increased risk of glioma among Asians and borderline increased risk for glioblastoma among Caucasians, whereas Arg194Trp/Arg280His polymorphisms might have no influence on the susceptibility of glioma in different ethnicities.
“Just Do It”: Consumption, Commitment, and Identity in the Windsurfing Subculture

Debates about changing contemporary Western societies have emphasized the increasingly fluid and fragmented nature of identities, suggesting that people draw their sense of identity from increasingly diverse sources, including sport and leisure lifestyles. Drawing on ethnographic work on windsurfing subcultures, this article explores the ways in which participants create and perform (sub)cultural identities through their “new sport” consumption and its attendant lifestyle. The paper identifies the main features of the windsurfers’ status system, illustrating that demonstrating commitment, not the conspicuous display of equipment or subcultural style, is central to the meanings the windsurfers give to their participation and subcultural identity. The paper concludes by examining to what degree purported features of contemporary postmodern culture, such as a loss of self-identity, are reflected in such seemingly “image-based” new sport consumption practices.