Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Hendra Virus Infection Dynamics in Australian Fruit Bats

Hendra virus is a recently emerged zoonotic agent in Australia. Since first described in 1994, the virus has spilled from its wildlife reservoir (pteropid fruit bats, or ‘flying foxes’) on multiple occasions causing equine and human fatalities. We undertook a three-year longitudinal study to detect virus in the urine of free-living flying foxes (a putative route of excretion) to investigate Hendra virus infection dynamics. Pooled urine samples collected off plastic sheets placed beneath roosting flying foxes were screened for Hendra virus genome by quantitative RT-PCR, using a set of primers and probe derived from the matrix protein gene. A total of 1672 pooled urine samples from 67 sampling events was collected and tested between 1 July 2008 and 30 June 2011, with 25% of sampling events and 2.5% of urine samples yielding detections. The proportion of positive samples was statistically associated with year and location. The findings indicate that Hendra virus excretion occurs periodically rather than continuously, and in geographically disparate flying fox populations in the state of Queensland. The lack of any detection in the Northern Territory suggests prevalence may vary across the range of flying foxes in Australia. Finally, our findings suggest that flying foxes can excrete virus at any time of year, and that the apparent seasonal clustering of Hendra virus incidents in horses and associated humans (70% have occurred June to October) reflects factors other than the presence of virus. Identification of these factors will strengthen risk minimization strategies for horses and ultimately humans.
Changes in haematology during upstream migration in American shad

Heart mass of American shad Alosa sapidissima did not change during migration in the Connecticut River. Spleen mass decreased and there was an increase in available blood haemoglobin (+22%) and haematocrit (+9%). The decreases in spleen somatic index ("29%) and spleen haemoglobin content ("15%) were dependent upon distance travelled upriver and not seasonal migration timing or short-term exercise events such as passage up a fish ladder. There was no effect of migration timing on any of the blood parameters measured, suggesting that any physiological responses during migration were based on distance travelled rather than seasonally variable conditions such as temperature, although blood haemoglobin (+24%) and haematocrit (+21%) increased after passage up a fish ladder. These changes in haematological physiology occurring during upstream migration may increase swimming performance and migratory success in American shad. 1999 The Fisheries Society of the British Isles
A Cluster Based Multi-Path Routing Protocol for Support Load-Balancing in Content-Centric Network

Content-Centric Network (CCN) is communication method based on contents to use voluminous information in internet and it is next generation internet technology to provide new paradigm. CCN is communicated by both interest packet and data packet. Interest packet is required content by user and data packet is responded data to contents. CCN use interest packet driven communication re-tracing routing path of interest packet. In CCN, unidirectional routing has low load-balancing only if data traffic is increasing. Therefore, turnaround time, which is time of transmission content to user, was increased by this problem. To resolve this problem, in this paper we proposed cluster based multi-path routing protocol for support load-balancing.
Physiological basis of temperature-dependent biogeography: trade-offs in muscle design and performance in polar ectotherms.

Polar, especially Antarctic, oceans host ectothermic fish and invertebrates characterized by low-to-moderate levels of motor activity; maximum performance is reduced compared with that in warmer habitats. The present review attempts to identify the trade-offs involved in adaptation to cold in the light of progress in the physiology of thermal tolerance. Recent evidence suggests that oxygen limitations and a decrease in aerobic scope are the first indications of tolerance limits at both low and high temperature extremes. The cold-induced reduction in aerobic capacity is compensated for at the cellular level by elevated mitochondrial densities, accompanied by molecular and membrane adjustments for the maintenance of muscle function. Particularly in the muscle of pelagic Antarctic fish, among notothenioids, the mitochondrial volume densities are among the highest known for vertebrates and are associated with cold compensation of aerobic metabolic pathways, a reduction in anaerobic scope, rapid recovery from exhaustive exercise and enhanced lipid stores as well as a preference for lipid catabolism characterized by high energy efficiency at high levels of ambient oxygen supply. Significant anaerobic capacity is still found at the very low end of the activity spectrum, e.g. among benthic eelpout (Zoarcideae). In contrast to the cold-adapted eurytherms of the Arctic, polar (especially Antarctic) stenotherms minimize standard metabolic rate and, as a precondition, the aerobic capacity per milligram of mitochondrial protein, thereby minimizing oxygen demand. Cost reductions are supported by the downregulation of the cost and flexibility of acid-base regulation. At maintained factorial scopes, the reduction in standard metabolic rate will cause net aerobic scope to be lower than in temperate species. Loss of contractile myofilaments and, thereby, force results from space constraints due to excessive mitochondrial proliferation. On a continuum between low and moderately high levels of muscular activity, polar fish have developed characteristics of aerobic metabolism equivalent to those of high-performance swimmers in warmer waters. However, they only reach low performance levels despite taking aerobic design to an extreme.
Rotation distortions for improvement in face recognition with PCNC

The face recognition is a very important task in security (airports, institutions, and so on) and authentication through photo tagging in social networks. We propose to improve face recognition with the Permutation Coding Neural Classifier (PCNC) using a special type of distortions of original images (for example, rotations) to train the neural network. We applied the distortions to the initial image database (the FRAV2D image database) and produced an extended rotated version of it that allowed us to improve the training process of PCNC neural classifier. The results obtained show a better recognition rate in comparison to Support Vector Machine (SVM) and Iterative Closest Point (ICP).
cAMP-Induced Expression of Neuropilin1 Promotes Retinal Axon Crossing in the Zebrafish Optic Chiasm

Growing axons navigate a complex environment as they respond to attractive and repellent guidance cues. Axons can modulate their responses to cues through a G-protein-coupled, cAMP-dependent signaling pathway. To examine the role of G-protein signaling in axon guidance in vivo, we used the GAL4/UAS system to drive expression of dominant-negative heterotrimeric G-proteins (DNG) in retinal ganglion cells (RGCs) of embryonic zebrafish. Retinal axons normally cross at the ventral midline and project to the contralateral tectum. Expression of DNGαS in RGCs causes retinal axons to misproject to the ipsilateral tectum. These errors resemble misprojections in adcy1, adcy8, nrp1a, sema3D, or sema3E morphant embryos, as well as in sema3D mutant embryos. nrp1a is expressed in RGCs as their axons extend toward and across the midline. sema3D and sema3E are expressed adjacent to the chiasm, suggesting that they facilitate retinal midline crossing. We demonstrate synergistic induction of ipsilateral misprojections between adcy8 knockdown and transgenic DNGαS expression, adcy8 and nrp1a morphants, or nrp1a morphants and transgenic DNGαS expression. Using qPCR analysis, we show that either transgenic DNGαS-expressing embryos or adcy8 morphant embryos have decreased levels of nrp1a and nrp1b mRNA. Ipsilateral misprojections in adcy8 morphants are corrected by the expression of an nrp1a rescue construct expressed in RGCs. These findings are consistent with the idea that elevated cAMP levels promote Neuropilin1a expression in RGCs, increasing the sensitivity of retinal axons to Sema3D, Sema3E, or other neuropilin ligands at the midline, and consequently facilitate retinal axon crossing in the chiasm.
SSF: A Common Representation Scheme for Language Analysis for Language Technology Infrastructure Development

We describe a representation scheme and an analysis engine using that scheme, both of which have been used to develop infrastructure for HLT. The Shakti Standard Format is a readable and robust representation scheme for analysis frameworks and other purposes. The representation is highly extensible. This representation scheme, based on the blackboard architectural model, allows a very wide variety of linguistic and non-linguistic information to be stored in one place and operated upon by any number of processing modules. We show how it has been successfully used for building machine translation systems for several language pairs using the same architecture. It has also been used for creation of language resources such as treebanks and for different kinds of annotation interfaces. There is even a query language designed for this representation. Easily wrappable into XML, it can be used equally well for distributed computing.
Mobility Impairment in Type 2 Diabetes

The increasing prevalence of type 2 diabetes is a major health concern. Reducing the vascular complications of diabetes has been a primary focus of treatment. However, the less-recognized complications of physical disability, cognitive impairment, and depression that impact on quality of life (QOL) are also important primary care considerations in older patients with diabetes. Diabetes has been associated with a greater risk of decline in function and increased prospect of severe disability (1,2). Studies have sought to identify relationships or causal pathways between the syndromes of mobility, disability, and neuropsychological function in adults with type 2 diabetes (1,3). Few have simultaneously examined these factors potentially modifiable by physical activity (4) across multiple domains or at more than one point in time. The dose of aerobic and resistance exercise necessary to achieve metabolic benefits in clinical trials has sometimes led to poor compliance (5). Older adults with diabetes, often characterized by long-term sedentariness, overweight/obesity, and multiple comorbidities, may demonstrate better adherence to a low-intensity, low-impact exercise, such as Tai Chi. Although Tai Chi has demonstrated improved balance, gait speed, muscle strength, cardiorespiratory fitness, and QOL in older adults (6–13), it has never been tested specifically in a diabetic cohort for benefits across multiple domains. If Tai Chi was shown to be effective for mobility and other health outcomes relevant to this cohort, it may present a viable alternative exercise modality. The aim of this study was to examine the physiologic impairments associated …
Classifying an opponent’s behaviour in robot soccer

This paper illustrates the prediction of opponent behaviour in a competitive, highly dynamic, multi-agent and partially observableenvironment, namely RoboCup small size league robot soccer. The performance is illustrated in the context of the highly successful robot soccer team, the RoboRoos. The project is broken into three tasks; classification of behaviours, modelling and prediction of behaviours and integration of the predictions into the existing planning system. A probabilistic approach is taken to dealing with the uncertainty in the observations and with representing the uncertainty in the prediction of the behaviours. Results are shown for a classification system using a Naive Bayesian Network that determines the opponent’s current behaviour. These results are compared to an expert designed fuzzy behaviour classification system. The paper illustrates how the modelling system will use the information from behaviour classification to produce probability distributions that model the manner with which the opponents perform their behaviours. These probability distributions are show to match well with the existing multi-agent planning system (MAPS) that forms the core of the RoboRoos system.
Energy-efficient high-speed search engine using a multi-dimensional TCAM architecture with parallel pipelined subdivided structure

Packet classification has become increasingly complex and important to network equipment intended for future use. A recent trend to achieve complex packet classification is to use software-based methods, which tend to be slower than hardware-based methods. For search, this typically means using ternary content-addressable memory (TCAM) to make classification feasible. However, TCAM is not well-suited to the long (in bits) and sparse rules used for running advanced applications that require complicated classification. We propose a multi-dimension search engine (MDSE) that is optimized for use with long, sparse rules, and we propose a multi-dimensional TCAM scheme, which is an MDSE constructed to operate on TCAM. Through fine-grained simulations with real traffic, we show that our proposed search engine can reduce the power consumed by network equipment by about 85%.
Ischaemia–reperfusion injury impairs tissue plasminogen activator release in man

Aims Ischaemia–reperfusion (IR) injury causes endothelium-dependent vasomotor dysfunction that can be prevented by ischaemic preconditioning. The effects of IR injury and preconditioning on endothelium-dependent tissue plasminogen activator (t-PA) release, an important mediator of endogenous fibrinolysis, remain unknown. Methods and results Ischaemia–reperfusion injury (limb occlusion at 200 mmHg for 20 min) was induced in 22 healthy subjects. In 12 subjects, IR injury was preceded by local or remote ischaemic preconditioning (three 5 min episodes of ipsilateral or contralateral limb occlusion, respectively) or sham in a randomized, cross-over trial. Forearm blood flow (FBF) and endothelial t-PA release were assessed using venous occlusion plethysmography and venous blood sampling during intra-arterial infusion of acetylcholine (5–20 µg/min) or substance P (2–8 pmol/min). Acetylcholine and substance P caused dose-dependent increases in FBF (P<0.05 for all). Substance P caused a dose-dependent increase in t-PA release (P<0.05 for all). Acetylcholine and substanceP-mediated vasodilatation and substanceP-mediated t-PA release were impaired following IR injury (P<0.05 for all). Neither local nor remote ischaemic preconditioning protected against the impairment of substance P-mediated vasodilatation or t-PA release. Conclusion Ischaemia–reperfusion injury induced substanceP-mediated, endothelium-dependent vasomotor and fibrinolytic dysfunction in man that could not be prevented by ischaemic preconditioning. Clinical Trial Registration Information: Reference number: NCT00789243, URL: http://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT00789243? term=NCT00789243&rank=1
The Komodo project: thread-based event handling supported by a multithreaded Java microcontroller

The Komodo project concerns the handling of multiple real-time events by Java threads that are supported by a multithreaded Java microcontroller. The architecture of the processor core and resulting implications are considered. The use of thread-based event handling is introduced and explained in combination with an Automatic Guided Vehicle (AGV) application. The advantages of thread-based event handling over a normal Interrupt Service Routine (ISR) strategy are demonstrated by the development of the AGV example.
On the viability of CAPTCHAs for use in telephony systems: a usability field study

Usability of security solution has always been a keen area of interest for researchers. CAPTCHA is one such security solution which presents various usability challenges for users. However, it has successfully reduced the abuse of the Internet resources, such as spam. Similar to the Internet, audio-based CAPTCHAs have been proposed as a solution to curb voice spam over telephony. Voice spam is often encountered on telephony in various forms, such as, an automated telemarketing call asking to call a number to win million of dollars. A large percentage of voice spam is generated through automated system which introduces the classical challenge of distinguishing machines from humans on the telephony. We present a large scale evaluation of audio CAPTCHA from the human perspective over telephony through a field study with 90 participants. We study two primary research questions: how much inconvenience does audio CAPTCHA causes to users on telephony, and how different features of the CAPTCHA, e.g., duration and size influence usability of audio CAPTCHA on telephony. We found that captcha could be a viable solution for telephony with improved features, such as better voice and accent. We found that users were relatively close to the expected correct answers, which does suggest the possibility of deploying audio captcha on telephony platforms in the future. However, we did not find strong influence of captcha size and duration on solving accuracy.
PADO: a new learning architecture for object recognition

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Word Sense Disambiguation by Marker Passing on Very Large Semantic Networks

Some works that use machine readable dictionaries for word sense disam-biguation compute the number of shared words in denition. The rst problem of these works is that their methods fail to take into account less immediate relationships between word senses. Secondly, their methods do not take into account the degree of importance of words in denition. In this paper, to cope with the above two problems, we present a method for word sense disambiguation with very large semantic networks(VLSN) that computes the score which depends on the number of shared words in denition. We experimentally show to what extent the words in common should be searched for. We also show the scoring measure that takes into account the degree of importance of words in denition. 1 Introduction Word sense disambiguation is a dicult problem in natural language analysis(Hirst, 1987). Since senses of words in a sentence tend to be semantically related to each other, word sense ambiguity can be resolved by selecting the sense of a word which is semantically related to senses of other words in a sentence. Some works that use machine readable dictionaries for word sense disambigua-tion can be considered to be based on this idea. 1993). In these methods, two word senses are thought to be semantically more related if they have more words in common in their denitions. Therefore, the sense of a word with the greatest number of shared words with senses of other words is selected as the correct one. The rst problem of these works is that their methods fail to take into account less immediate relationships between word senses. Even if two word senses have no words in common in their definitions , they might have one in the denitions of words that appear in their denitions. Therefore, it is important to decide to what extent the words in common should be searched for in denitions. Secondly, their methods do not take into account the degree of importance of words in deni-tion. Even if word senses have a word in common in their denitions, this overlap might have little signicance if the word appears quite frequently in denitions. Therefore, it is necessary to give the word in common a weight that depends on its degree of importance. Moreover, because of the discrete measure for word sense selection, their methods cannot determine the correct sense if multiple senses have the same number …
Moving towards accurate monitoring and prediction of gold mine underground dam levels

In this paper a comparison between an ensembles (multi-classifier) constructed of several machine learning methods (support vector machine, artificial neural network, naive Bayesian classifier, decision trees, radial basis function and k nearest neighbors) versus each single classifiers of these methods in term of gold mine underground dam levels prediction is presented. The ensembles as well as the single classifiers are used to classify, thus monitoring and predicting the underground water dam levels on a single-pump station deep gold in South Africa. In order to improve the classification accuracy an ensemble was constructed based on each single classifier performance, therefore, five ensembles were built and tested. In terms of misclassification error, the results show the ensemble to be more efficient for classification of underground water dam levels compared to each of the single classifiers.