Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Automatic linguistic knowledge acquisition for the web

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to address the knowledge acquisition bottleneck problem in natural language processing by introducing a new rule‐based approach for the automatic acquisition of linguistic knowledge.Design/methodology/approach – The author has developed a new machine translation methodology that only requires a bilingual lexicon and a parallel corpus of surface sentences aligned at the sentence level to learn new transfer rules.Findings – A first prototype of a web‐based Japanese‐English translation system called Japanese‐English translation using corpus‐based acquisition of transfer (JETCAT) has been implemented in SWI‐Prolog, and a Greasemonkey user script to analyze Japanese web pages and translate sentences via Ajax. In addition, linguistic information is displayed at the character, word, and sentence level to provide a useful tool for web‐based language learning. An important feature is customization; the user can simply correct translation results leading to an incremental upda.
Yoga as a Therapeutic Intervention

Yoga is an ancient mind/body practice, which originated in the Indian subcontinent, that promotes overall health and well-being. Yoga's ultimate goal is the achievement of a state of unified consciousness. Historically, the practice of yoga included eight steps towards spiritual emancipation and included practices involving physical postures, breathing techniques, and meditation. Today, yoga is very popular in the West amongst the general public. Numerous modern schools or styles of yoga exist (i.e., Iyengar, Ashtanga, Viniyoga, Bikram, Sivananda, Kripalu, Kundalini, Integral, among others), most of which are forms of traditional Hatha yoga, each with their own distinct priorities in terms of the balance of inclusion of spiritual and physical practices, with some styles focusing more exclusively on physical postures despite the historical focus of yoga on inner development. Research on the psychophysiological benefits of yoga and meditation practice has revealed benefits in physical, mental, and emotional self-regulation. Demonstrated improvements in stress, anxiety, mood, and physical health and well-being have proven useful for therapeutic purposes, and this has led to the popular implementation of yoga as a primary or adjunctive therapy. Despite several clinical studies and systematic reviews on the effects of the different yoga styles, further research is required to clarify yoga's value as an intervention. With respect to yoga's value for specific indications and disorders, most studies report positive effects in favor of yoga interventions, although there are a variety of effect sizes observed. The degree of clinical benefit of yoga in any specific research trial may depend on a variety of factors including participant characteristics (age, gender, health status, etc.), diagnoses and study entry criteria, yoga intervention characteristics (e.g., yoga styles, intensities, and frequencies and durations of practice), compliance and attrition effects, and so forth. Moreover, as a relatively new field of research, most of the research trials are pilot studies, with typically small samples sizes, moderate methodological quality, and often inadequate control groups rendering the general findings tentative and in need of further research validation. For this special issue, we have invited investigators to submit original research articles and systematic reviews/meta-analyses on the clinical effects of yoga intervention programs. The special issue starts with a summarizing overview of published literature reviews on the clinical effects of yoga interventions on physical and mental health, and it continues with a wide range of scientific contributions, addressing specific aspects of a colorful field of research. Of course we are aware of the many unanswered questions and the methodological flaws and limitations of several of these studies, yet we believe that the papers of this special issue will shed light on a fascinating and expanding field within mind-body medicine that is rich with promising findings. Arndt Bussing Sat Bir S. Khalsa Andreas Michalsen Karen J. Sherman Shirley Telles
Particle Gibbs for Infinite Hidden Markov Models

Infinite Hidden Markov Models (iHMM's) are an attractive, nonparametric generalization of the classical Hidden Markov Model which can automatically infer the number of hidden states in the system. However, due to the infinite-dimensional nature of the transition dynamics, performing inference in the iHMM is difficult. In this paper, we present an infinite-state Particle Gibbs (PG) algorithm to re-sample state trajectories for the iHMM. The proposed algorithm uses an efficient proposal optimized for iHMMs and leverages ancestor sampling to improve the mixing of the standard PG algorithm. Our algorithm demonstrates significant convergence improvements on synthetic and real world data sets.
JVM Virtual Method Invoking Optimization Based on CAM Table

In Java programs, it needs to use the information of the method type to resolve the virtual method dynamically, which restricts the performance greatly. Currently, the solution is mainly the technique of inline caching, which can be divided into two categories: monomorphic inline caching and polymorphic inline caching. Because of the simple implementation of monomorphic inline caching, it is more commonly used, but it cannot resolve the problem of frequently seeing different types of objects at one call site. Although polymorphic inline caching can solve this problem, it is costly. This paper presents the CAM hardware table, proposes a virtual method invoking mechanism based on software and hardware co-design. It solves the problem of frequently seeing different types of objects at one call site, and does not introduce additional overhead. The experimental evaluation shows that it improves the cached hit rate from 13.3% to 76.4% and improves 16.2% performance of the virtual test, it improves the performance of SPECjvm 98 by 6.4% on average.
Eliminating cataract blindness: Are we on target?

Launched in 1999, “VISION 2020: The Right to Sight” is a collaborative global initiative by the World Health Organization (WHO) and the International Agency for the Prevention of Blindness (IAPB) with the twin aims of eliminating avoidable blindness by the year 2020 and preventing the projected doubling of avoidable visual impairment. [1] The goal of this initiative was to integrate a sustainable, comprehensive, high‐quality, equitable eye care model into a strengthened national health‐care system. [1] The World Health Assembly (WHA) in 2006 adopted resolution WHA 59.25, “Prevention of avoidable blindness and visual impairment,” creating a global mandate for VISION 2020, and followed it up with Resolution WHA 62.1, the “Action Plan for the Prevention of Blindness and Visual Impairment, 2009–2013. ”[1] The WHA further endorsed a Global Action Plan (GAP) for Universal Eye Health in 2013, which set a target to reduce the prevalence of avoidable blindness and visual impairment by 25% from the baseline of 2010, with cataract as the priority. [2] The WHO GAP‐adopted quantifiable measures for cataract surgical service delivery are cataract surgical rate (CSR – number of cataract surgeries performed per year per one million population) and cataract surgical coverage (proportion of people with bilateral cataract eligible for cataract surgery who have received cataract surgery in one or both eyes at 3/60 and 6/18 visual acuity level). [2] The WHO and IAPB initiatives have helped clear the blurred vision of policymakers and implementers and in galvanizing the process of objectively tracking the data and improving cataract surgical service delivery.
RAPD variation and population genetic structure in Prunus mahaleb (Rosaceae), an animal‐dispersed tree

We examined the patterns of random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) variation among seven Prunus mahaleb (Rosaceae) populations extending over ≈ 100 km2 to examine local differentiation in relation to spatial isolation due to both geographical distance and differences in elevation. No less than 51.4% of the RAPD loci were polymorphic, but very few were fixed and among‐population variation accounted for 16.46% of variation in RAPD patterns. Mean gene diversity was 0.1441, with mean Nei’s genetic diversity for individual populations ranging between 0.089 and 0.149. Mean GST value across loci was 0.1935 (range, 0.0162–0.4685), giving an average estimate for Nm of 1.191. These results suggest extensive gene flow among populations, but higher GST and lower Nm values relative to other outcrossing, woody species with endozoochorous dispersal, also suggest a process of isolation by distance. The combined effect of both geographical and elevation distances and nonoverlapping flowering and fruiting phenophases on the GST matrix was partially significant, revealing only marginal isolation of the P. mahaleb populations. The matrix correlation between estimated Nm values among populations and the geographical + elevation distance matrices (r = −0.4623, P = 0.07), suggests a marginal trend for more isolated populations to exchange less immigrants. Long‐distance seed dispersal by efficient medium‐sized frugivorous birds and mammals is most likely associated to the high levels of within‐population genetic diversity. However, vicariance factors and demographic bottlenecks (high postdispersal seed and seedling mortality) explain comparatively high levels of local differentiation.
Durability assessment of geopolymer façade panels based on CDW

Within InnoWEE project (Innovative pre-fabricated components including different waste construction materials reducing building energy and minimising environmental impact) construction and demolition waste (CDW) were processed into fine fractions which were further embedded into innovative high performance prefabricated geopolymeric panels. CDW fractions consisted of bricks, concrete, mortars, and wood chips. As a binder slag and metakaolin were used and activated by mixture of K/Na-silicate and KOH/NaOH. Optimized compositions were defined and panels were produced into sizes of 50 cm x 50 cm with the intended use for contact bonded (ETICs like) or ventilated façades. One type of panels was produced by using mainly inorganic CDW and are designated as high density geopolymer panels (HDP), another type was made of at least 40 % of CDW woodchips and designated as wood- based geopolymer panels (WGP). Panels were assessed for their durability according to the provisions of ETAG 004 and other relevant standards for façade systems; among them freeze – thaw resistance, impact resistance, water vapour permeability, capillary water uptake. Results showed that the performance of such panels is suitable for inteded use. “This project has received funding from the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme under grant agreement No. 723916”.
Staging of hip avascular necrosis: is there a need for DWI?

Background No comprehensive study has been performed to stage avascular necrosis of the hip using diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI). Purpose To determine apparent diffusion co-efficient (ADC) alterations in hip avascular necrosis (AVN) and to determine variations of ADC values according to stages of disease. Material and Methods The study is approved by our institutional review board and local ethical committee. Written informed consent was present for each subject. Thirty-five femoral heads of 21 cases affected by AVN were included in the study. Control group consisted of both femoral heads of 10 healthy volunteers. The hips affected by AVN were staged according to Ficat and Arlet classification system from I to IV. All cases underwent to routine hip magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and DWI performed with a single-shot fast spin echo sequence at a b value of 600 s/mm2. The ADC values were calculated automatically by placing ROIs on AVN lesions in affected patients and both femoral heads of control group. The median ADC value obtained from femoral heads of control group and that from AVN lesions were compared by Mann-Whitney U test. The median ADC values of AVN lesions at different stages were compared by Kruskal-Wallis test. Results The median ADC value of normal bone measured in control group was 185.5 ± 133.2 x 10−6 mm2/s. The median ADC value measured in hip avascular necrosis lesions was 988.0 ± 332.7 x 10−6 mm2/s. ADC values in hip AVN lesions were statistically significantly higher than normal bone marrow (P < 0.01). The median ADC values of hips with avascular necrosis at stage I, II, III, IV were 817.5 ± 172.1 x 10−6 mm2/s, 902.0 ± 181.0 x 10−6 mm2/s, 1200.0 ± 363.2 x 10−6 mm2/s and 1024.0 ± 324.0 x 10−6 mm2/s, respectively. There was no statistically significant difference among AVN lesions at stages I, II, III and IV (P > 0.05). Conclusion Although DWI is a promising imaging tool that provides valuable diagnostic information in hip AVN, it fails to distinguish between different stages, and therefore is of limited value.
Growth inhibition of Staphylococcus Aureus by a combined treatment of ZnO nanoparticles and femtosecond laser light

Recently, efforts have been made to create a transparent ceramic cranial implant comprised of nanocrystalline yttriastabilized zirconia (nc-YSZ) that will provide optical access to the brain. This has been referred to as Window to the Brain (WttB) in the literature. WttB will allow the use of laser and photonic treatments and diagnostics in areas with difficult optical access in the brain. For example, the WttB platform would allow for non-invasive antibacterial treatments based on laser light. This is important as conventional antibiotics are prevented to reach the brain tissue due to the blood brain barrier. Moreover, infection is still one of the frequent cranial implant complications. In most cases a second surgery is required to replace the infectious implant. To address potential infections in the WttB platform, we have studied the antibacterial effect of commercial Zinc Oxide (ZnO) nanoparticles and femtosecond laser light on bacterial solutions of Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus). Infrared (1030nm) laser light was used to enhanced the antibacterial effect of ZnO nanoparticles by irradiating bacterial solutions of S. aureus with low power ultrashort laser pulses (890mW, 230fs).
Genetic variation in putative regulatory loci controlling gene expression in breast cancer

Candidate single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) were analyzed for associations to an unselected whole genome pool of tumor mRNA transcripts in 50 unrelated patients with breast cancer. SNPs were selected from 203 candidate genes of the reactive oxygen species pathway. We describe a general statistical framework for the simultaneous analysis of gene expression data and SNP genotype data measured for the same cohort, which revealed significant associations between subsets of SNPs and transcripts, shedding light on the underlying biology. We identified SNPs in EGF, IL1A, MAPK8, XPC, SOD2, and ALOX12 that are associated with the expression patterns of a significant number of transcripts, indicating the presence of regulatory SNPs in these genes. SNPs were found to act in trans in a total of 115 genes. SNPs in 43 of these 115 genes were found to act both in cis and in trans. Finally, subsets of SNPs that share significantly many common associations with a set of transcripts (biclusters) were identified. The subsets of transcripts that are significantly associated with the same set of SNPs or to a single SNP were shown to be functionally coherent in Gene Ontology and pathway analyses and coexpressed in other independent data sets, suggesting that many of the observed associations are within the same functional pathways. To our knowledge, this article is the first study to correlate SNP genotype data in the germ line with somatic gene expression data in breast tumors. It provides the statistical framework for further genotype expression correlation studies in cancer data sets.
Improving Treatment of HER2-Positive Cancers: Opportunities and Challenges

Therapies for HER2-driven cancers illustrate the power of targeted treatments and the puzzle of confounding clinical implications. The development of therapies for HER2-driven cancers illustrates the power of targeted treatments and the puzzle of drug resistance in the clinic. Amplification of the ERBB2 gene, which encodes human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2), causes the overexpression of a major proliferative driver for a subset of breast and gastric cancers. Treatments for patients with HER2-positive cancer include the monoclonal antibody trastuzumab and, in the case of metastatic breast cancer, the tyrosine kinase inhibitor lapatinib. Despite significant improvement in patient outcome as a result of these therapies, challenges remain. This Review focuses on proposed mechanisms of action and resistance in the context of potential new therapeutic options. Therapeutic approaches currently in development likely will yield additional clinically meaningful improvements for patients with HER2-positive cancer.
Metastatic medulloblastoma in an adolescent with Simpson–Golabi–Behmel syndrome

We describe the case of a 12‐year‐old Hispanic male with a clinical and molecular diagnosis of Simpson–Golabi–Behmel Syndrome (SGBS) who subsequently developed metastatic medulloblastoma. While individuals with SGBS have been documented to have increased risk for intra‐abdominal tumors such as Wilms tumor and neuroblastoma, medulloblastomas, or CNS tumors in general, have not been reported in patients with this syndrome. Our patient was clinically diagnosed with SGBS as an infant. He presented with many of the common features of the syndrome, such as cleft palate, macroglossia, post‐axial polydactyly, “coarse” facial features, and ventricular septal defects (VSDs). Molecular testing performed in April 2009 confirmed the SGBS diagnosis. This testing detected a large intragenic deletion in the GPC3 gene (more than 500 kb, 8 exons) extending from intron 2, 37 kb downstream of exon 2, to the 5′ end of the gene, deleting exons 1 and 2. However, subsequent testing by gene‐centric high‐density array comparative genomic hybridization (aCGH) detected a deletion encompassing only exon 2. Therefore, the exact 5′ boundary of the deletion cannot currently be determined, due to an apparent complex rearrangement upstream of exon 1. We present this case of metastatic medulloblastoma as a unique malignancy in a patient with SGBS. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Evaluating Distributed Methods for CBR Systems for Monitoring Business Process Workflows

This paper evaluates the potential for distributed business process workflow monitoring and management using the CBR paradigm. Recent developments in distributed computing technologies have shown capable for efficiency gains from effective distribution. Current models of CBR distribution are discussed and an extension is proposed focusing on the challenge posed from large data volumes. This is shown to be also associated with more challenges in the quality of data and the requirement for real time processing. The proposed approach is presented and a novel architecture for distribution of CBR systems is proposed. An evaluation of the approach and architecture is conducted and presented based on a set of experiments in the area of business process workflow management. The experiments establish a serial execution baseline and show promising high speedup gains, especially at large volumes (exceeding millions) of cases. It is shown that at high enough data volumes, there is a clear benefit of distributing some of the early parts of the CBR life cycle to a finer data and process granularity level. Such approach seems to maximise the benefit from the use of modern distribution technologies. Concluding, this paper signposts future areas of research leading to a more generic model that can maximise the efficiency gains of distribution in CBR systems.
FRACTURE RESISTANCE AND FAILURE PATTERN OF TEETH SUBMITTED TO INTERNAL BLEACHING WITH 37% CARBAMIDE PEROXIDE, WITH APPLICATION OF DIFFERENT RESTORATIVE PROCEDURES

Objective. This study investigated the compressive fracture strength and failure pattern in premolars submitted to endodontic treatment and internal bleaching with 37% carbamide peroxide for 21 days, with application of different restorative procedures. Material and methods. Six groups were employed (n = 10): 1) non-bleached teeth and pulp chamber sealed with IRM; 2) bleached teeth and pulp chamber sealed with IRM; 3) bleached teeth and pulp chamber filled with light cured composite resin; 4) bleached teeth, root canals prepared at 10mm, filling of the root canal and pulp chamber with IRM; 5) bleached teeth, root canals prepared at 10mm, luting of prefabricated metallic post with zinc phosphate and pulp chamber sealed with composite resin; 6) bleached teeth, root canals prepared at 10mm, luting of glass fiber post with resin cement and pulp chamber sealed with composite resin. After 24-hour storage in distilled water, the specimens were submitted to compressive fracture strength testing in a universal testing machine. Results. The following values were found: Group 1 – 56.23kgf; Group 2 – 48.96kgf; Group 3 – 53.99kgf; Group 4 – 45.72kgf; Group 5 – 54.22kgf; Group 6 – 60.12kgf. The analysis of variance did not reveal statistically significant difference between groups (p<0.05), suggesting that internal bleaching with 37% carbamide peroxide did not weaken the dental tissues. The largest number of unfavorable fractures was observed for Groups 2 (50%), 4 (40%), and 5 (30%). Group 6 exhibited the most favorable failure pattern. Conclusions. The results suggest that internal bleaching with 37% carbamide peroxide did not significantly weaken the teeth. Among the bleached teeth, those with temporary IRM restorations or metallic posts demonstrated the most unfavorable fracture pattern, whereas the most favorable fracture pattern occurred in teeth restored with composite resin and glass fiber posts.
Targeting of P-selectin to two regulated secretory organelles in PC12 cells

Targeting of P-selectin to the regulated secretory organelles (RSOs) of phaeochromocytoma PC12 cells has been investigated. By expressing from cDNA a chimera composed of HRP and P-selectin, and then following HRP activity through subcellular fractionation, we have discovered that P- selectin contains signals that target HRP to the synaptic-like microvesicles (SLMV) as well as the dense-core granules (DCGs) of these cells. Mutagenesis of the chimera followed by transient expression in PC12 cells shows that at least two different sequences within the carboxy-terminal cytoplasmic tail of P-selectin are necessary, but that neither is sufficient for trafficking to the SLMV. One of these sequences is centred on the 10 amino acids of the membrane-proximal C1 exon that is also implicated in lysosomal targeting. The other sequence needed for trafficking to the SLMV includes the last four amino acids of the protein. The same series of mutations have a different effect on DCG targeting, showing that traffic to the two different RSOs depends on different features within the cytoplasmic domain of P-selectin.