Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Major arterial events in patients with chronic myeloid leukemia treated with tyrosine kinase inhibitors: a meta-analysis

Abstract There is growing evidence that tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) may be associated with an increased risk of arterial events. We performed a meta-analysis to estimate the incidence of arterial events in patients with CML treated with TKIs. We identified 29 studies enrolling 15,706 patients. The incidence rates of composite of major arterial events were 0.8 per 100 patient-years for non-TKI treatments, 1.1 per 100 patient-years for dasatinib, 0.1 per 100 patient-years for imatinib, 0.4 per 100 patient-years for bosutinib, 2.8 per 100 patient-years for nilotinib and 10.6 per 100 patient-years for ponatinib. The relative risk (RR) for nilotinib compared with imatinib suggests a significantly increased risk of the composite of major arterial events with nilotinib treatment (RR 5.3; 95%CI 3.0–9.3, p < 0.001). This study demonstrates that, patients who received nilotinib or ponatinib had a greater number of major arterial events when compared to non-TKI-, imatinib-, dasatinib- and bosutinib-treated patients.
Approximating Large Diversified Portfolios

This paper considers a financial market with asset price dynamics modeled by a system of lognormal stochastic differential equations. A one‐dimensional stochastic differential equation for the approximate evolution of a large diversified portfolio formed by these assets is derived. This identifies the asymptotic dynamics of the portfolio as being a lognormal diffusion. Consequentially an efficient way for computing probabilities, derivative prices, and other quantities for the portfolio are obtained. Additionally, the asymptotic strong and weak orders of convergence with respect to the number of assets in the portfolio are determined.
Carboplatin: A New Cisplatin Analog

Carboplatin, a new antineoplastic agent with a spectrum of antitumor activity similar to cisplatin, has shown appreciable activity in patients with ovarian carcinoma, head and neck cancer, and small-cell lung cancer. This platinum complex is less nephrotoxic, ototoxic, and neurotoxic than cisplatin. Myelosuppression may be severe and dose-limiting. Carboplatin distributes into a volume approximating total body water, and is slowly bound to plasma proteins; its elimination is a biphasic process. Renal clearance of free platinum from carboplatin correlates highly with creatinine clearance in patients with normal or impaired renal function. The recommended iv dose of carboplatin as a single agent in previously untreated patients is 400–500 mg/m2; dosage must be reduced in patients with decreased renal function, low initial platelet count, or extensive prior chemotherapy or radiation therapy. Carboplatin will be most useful in patients with decreased renal function and those who cannot tolerate high-volume hydration regimens. Patients at higher risk for development of cisplatin-related ototoxicity or neurotoxicity (e.g., patients expected to receive cumulative cisplatin doses exceeding 600–800 mg/m2) may be ideal candidates for carboplatin as initial therapy. Large-scale comparative trials are needed before carboplatin can be recommended as a replacement for cisplatin.
Professional Legislatures and Ambitious Politicians: Policy Responsiveness of State Institutions

This paper examines the relationship between professionalism, progressive ambition, and legislative responsiveness in state legislatures. I argue that professional legislatures that foster and support progressive ambition will be more responsive to aggregate constituency concerns than will less professional legislatures. Institutions that attract progressively ambitious members create a natural incentive for representation because legislators are motivated to identify and respond to the interests of broad-based constituencies in preparation to pursue higher office. Consistent with this argument, I find that states with more professional legislatures and more opportunities for members to progress to higher office have greater aggregate opinionpolicy congruence, even after controlling for the effects of electoral competition and alternative policy influences.
Escherichia coli Transcription Termination Factor Rho

symmetry, with each rho subunit carrying an RNA- and an ATP-binding site. The de- tailed mechanism of rho-catalyzed transcript release remains to be determined, but it is clear that the RNA- dependent ATPase activity that is stimulated by inter- action with the nascent transcript is essential to the termination function of rho. In this study, we have used short
Performance benefits for thin film solar cells incorporating semiconductor heterostructures and light trapping

Thin film (~780 nm and ~2.5 μm thick) InGaAs/GaAs quantum well and quantum dot-in-well p-i-n single-junction solar cells with various back side reflective and diffractive structures for light trapping have been investigated. The diffractive structures have been optimized for photocurrent generation in the active device using software algorithms. Measurements and rigorous electromagnetic simulations demonstrate that the response of such device structures is significantly influenced by Fabry-Perot interference effects and that the diffractive structures improve light absorption over a broad wavelength range by coupling incident radiation to waveguide modes of the device structures. For Airmass 0 illumination and 100% carrier collection, the simulated short-circuit current density of devices with InxGa1-xAs/GaAs quantum wells with x ≤ 0.3 improves by up to 4.6 mA/cm2 (15%) relative to a GaAs homojunction device. The photocurrent improvement results equally from diffraction of light into thin film modes and from reduction of metal absorption compared to a planar reflective layer.
Structure of an HIF-1α-pVHL Complex: Hydroxyproline Recognition in Signaling

The ubiquitination of the hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF) by the von Hippel–Lindau tumor suppressor (pVHL) plays a central role in the cellular response to changes in oxygen availability. pVHL binds to HIF only when a conserved proline in HIF is hydroxylated, a modification that is oxygen-dependent. The 1.85 angstrom structure of a 20-residue HIF-1α peptide–pVHL–ElonginB–ElonginC complex shows that HIF-1α binds to pVHL in an extended β strand–like conformation. The hydroxyproline inserts into a gap in the pVHL hydrophobic core, at a site that is a hotspot for tumorigenic mutations, with its 4-hydroxyl group recognized by buried serine and histidine residues. Although the β sheet–like interactions contribute to the stability of the complex, the hydroxyproline contacts are central to the strict specificity characteristic of signaling.
Topography of cone electrophysiology in the enhanced S cone syndrome.

PURPOSE To investigate the topography of cone electroretinographic (ERG) responses in the enhanced S cone syndrome (ESCS). METHODS A 19-year-old female with ESCS who was one of the original cases defining the syndrome was studied. Full-field, focal (Maculoscope) and multifocal (VERIS) ERGs were performed using white light. Multifocal ERG responses were also generated with red and blue stimuli and with a slow m-sequence to elicit off-responses. Results were analyzed by averaging data in rings at increasing eccentricity from the fovea and compared to data recorded identically from a normal subject. RESULTS The full-field ERG from this patient showed typ ical large slow photopic waveforms and was unchanged from recordings made 9 years earlier. The focal ERG showed signals of borderline low amplitude from the fovea with the multifocal ERG, the ESCS responses from the central macula had a relatively normal waveform, and those 9 degrees to 20 degrees from fixation showed the prolonged wave-form that characterizes the full-field ERG. Responses were larger to blue light than red light in ESCS in both center and periphery. The central ESCS responses were relatively normal in timing to both red and blue light, whereas the peripheral ESCS responses were markedly delayed to both. Off-responses were seen in ESCS only near the foveal center. CONCLUSIONS The marked differences between central and peripheral ERG responses in ESCS suggest that there are different distributions of S, L, and M cones in these regions and that S cones may feed into different neural pathways in the center and periphery. It was postulated that in ESCS, S cones may partially replace L and M cones centrally and feed into the usual S cone pathways. In the periphery, however, there is little L and M cone b-wave activity in ESCS, and S cones may usurp both the space and neural pathways of the rods.
Constraints on Union Organizing in the United Kingdom

Despite increased investment by unions in organising, across much of the developed world there is at best modest evidence of a recovery of union membership. This has led to a research interest in the barriers to successful union organising and it is with this critical issue that the following article is concerned. It uses survey and interview data from trainee organisers in Britain to identify the internal and external constraints they have encountered while working on organising campaigns. The findings point to a broad range of organising constraints both within and beyond trade unions. Experience of constraints varies and is shown partly to be a function of the characteristics of organisers, the nature of the organising task in which they are engaged and the systems in place to manage their work.
Precautionary Saving and Old-Age Pensions

A precautionary saving model is extended to include old-age pensions and provides the framework for an empirical analysis of the relation between old-age pensions and private consumption. Norwegian macro-data for socioeconomic groups of households are used to estimate consumption functions for workers and pensioners. We find no effects from various approximations of expected pension-income to consumption for workers, but results indicate some influence from labour-income uncertainty. Income elasticities are found to differ considerably between the two groups of households. Implications for effects on aggregate saving from pension policies and of ageing populations are discussed.
Speculative Investors and Tobin&Apos;S Tax in the Housing Market

This paper examines the impact of a policy change in Tobin's tax on housing market speculators. The policy intervention effectively raised the transaction cost in the market segment with a high presence of speculators. Relative to the unaffected control sample, we find that the rise in transaction cost substantially reduced speculative trading activities in the treatment sample. However, it significantly raised its price volatility and reduced the price informativeness. We further show that the unintended consequences are likely due to a relatively greater withdrawal by informed speculators than by destabilizing speculators after the transaction cost increase.
Effects on the Detectability of Crossfire Attacks

New strains of Distributed Denial-of-Service (DDoS) attacks have exhibited potential to disconnect communication networks, even cutting off entire countries from the Internet. The “Crossfire” is a new, indirect DDoS linkflooding attack, which masks itself as natural congestion, making it very hard to counter. Several studies have proposed online attack detection schemes, whose efficiency has been shown to vary in different network topologies. However, the topology/detection relation has been studied qualitatively, without formal proof or quantification metric. The present study is motivated by the fact that network topology changes are generally expensive and slow. Therefore, network designers should be provided with means of evaluating the effects of topology modifications to the attack detection efficiency. The study fills this gap by contributing a formal proof for the topology-detection efficiency relation, as well as a novel offline metric that quantifies it. Full attack prototypes are implemented and evaluated in real Internet topologies, validating the analytical findings. It is shown that the novel metric expresses the topologydetection relation efficiently, while existing and widely-used metrics do not constitute good choices for this task.
Metronidazole Resistance in Anaerobes Isolated from Patient with Oral and Maxillofacial Infections Attending Muhimbili National Hospital, Dar-Es-Salaam, Tanzania

Oro-facial infections, mostly bacterial infections, are among the most commonly encountered problems in the oral and maxillofacial surgical practice world over. Infections involving the oral and maxillofacial region usually result in significant morbidity and are often fatal. These infections [1] . Purulent infections such as dental abscesses, Ludwing Angina are known to be caused by not only aerobes and facultative anaerobes but also by obligate anaerobes [2]. An increase in the role of these bacteria in clinical infections has been reported, however, exact incidence especially to anaerobes is unknown [3]. In Many Oral and maxillofacial clinics patients present with serious and often fatal infections that initially started as simple dental caries or periodontitis then progressed to periapical infection and spread to facial spaces/ In severe forms of orofacial infections like necrotizing fasciitis, deep space infection and osteomyelitis, culture studies involving both aerobic and anaerobic bacteriology are desirable to provide information on the likely pathogenic organisms causing the disease and their likely antibiotic sensitivity [4]. This is not done because isolation and sensitivity testing of anaerobes is very tedious, costly and time consuming. As a result treatment is given using broad spectrum antibiotics which may not be appropriate or may cause delay in healing and high morbidity.
Cell‐autonomous and non‐cell‐autonomous functions of the Rb tumor suppressor in developing central nervous system

The retinoblastoma tumor suppressor (RB) plays an important role in the regulation of cell cycle progression and terminal differentiation of many cell types. Rb−/− mouse embryos die at midgestation with defects in cell cycle regulation, control of apoptosis and terminal differentiation. However, chimeric mice composed of wild‐type and Rb‐deficient cells are viable and show minor abnormalities. To determine the role of Rb in development more precisely, we analyzed chimeric embryos and adults made with marked Rb−/− cells. Like their germline Rb−/− counterparts, brains of midgestation chimeric embryos exhibited extensive ectopic S‐phase entry. In Rb‐mutants, this is accompanied by widespread apoptosis. However, in chimeras, the majority of Rb‐deficient cells survived and differentiated into neuronal fates. Rescue of Rb−/− neurons in the presence of wild‐type cells occurred after induction of the p53 pathway and led to accumulation of cells with 4n DNA content. Therefore, the role of Rb during development can be divided into a cell‐autonomous function in exit from the cell cycle and a non‐cell‐autonomous role in the suppression of apoptosis and induction of differentiation.
Modifications of the Balassa-Samuelson Model: The Effects of Balanced Growth and Capital Accumulation

Abstract In this paper modified versions of the Balassa–Samuelson model are developed. We stress the effects of balanced productivity growth and capital accumulation, which is often ignored or not fully understood in existing studies. Our theoretical analysis shows that these effects and the differential productivity growth effect can be presented in a unified framework. Empirical estimates using 1970–1990 sectoral data for the OECD show that our modified models are more suited to the data than the commonly used Balassa–Samuelson model. J. Japan. Int. Econ. , March 2002, 16 (1) pp. 31–49. Faculty of Economics, Nagasaki University, 4-2-1 Katafuchi, Nagasaki 850-8506, Japan. © 2002 Elsevier Science (USA). Journal of Economic Literature Classification Numbers: F36; F41; F43.
Magnesium sulphate protect against propofol-induced neurotoxicity in developing rats’ cerebral cortex

Propofol-induced neurotoxicity in developing brain is an evolving problem. Magnesium is proved to be neuro-protective when administered antenatally in case of pre-eclampsia and eclampsia. The aim of this work is to investigate the protective role of magnesium sulphate (MgSO4) against propofol-induced neurotoxicity in developing rats’ cerebral cortex (CC). Forty albino rats of the Sprague-Dawley strain aged 5 to 7 days were divided into four groups; Control group (Group A); MgSO4 group (Group B) receiving MgSO4 at a dose of 270 mg\kg; Propofol group (Group C) receiving propofol at a dose of 20 mg\kg; and Propofol+ MgSO4 group (Group D) receiving both drugs simultaneously. All drugs were given by intra-peritoneal (IP) injection. 48 hours following exposure, blood samples were collected from rats for cytochrome-c plasma assay. Also, Specimens from rats’ CC were processed for light microscopic examination. An immune-histo-chemical study was conducted using Glial Fibrillary Acidic Protein (GFAP) and Bcl-2-associated X protein (BAX). Propofol administration led to disruption of the cortical laminar architecture, with a significant decrease in the number of pyramidal cells. Also, GFAP and BAX immune-stained sections revealed a significant increase in the area percentage of their immune-reaction as compared to the control group, together with a significant increase in the serum level of cytochrome-c. Administration of MgSO4 with propofol could improve the histological picture of the cortex, including its laminar appearance and neuronal density. Also MgSO4 could decrease GFAP and BAX immune-reaction, with no change that could be noticed in the serum level of cytochrome-c. MgSO4 could be used as neuro-protective agent against propofol-induced cortical injury in infant rats.
Late-Stage Breast Cancer Diagnosis and Health Care Access in Illinois

The variations of breast cancer mortality rates from place to place reflect both underlying differences in breast cancer prevalence and differences in diagnosis and treatment that affect the risk of death. This article examines the role of access to health care in explaining the variation of late-stage diagnosis of breast cancer. We use cancer registry data for the state of Illinois by zip code to investigate spatial variation in late diagnosis. Geographic information systems and spatial analysis methods are used to create detailed measures of spatial access to health care such as convenience of visiting primary care physicians and travel time from the nearest mammography facility. The effects of spatial access, in combination with the influences of socioeconomic factors, on late-stage breast cancer diagnosis are assessed using statistical methods. The results suggest that for breast cancer, poor geographical access to primary health care significantly increases the risk of late diagnosis for persons living outside the city of Chicago. Disadvantaged population groups including those with low income and racial and ethnic minorities tend to experience high rates of late diagnosis. In Illinois, poor spatial access to primary health care is more strongly associated with late diagnosis than is spatial access to mammography. This suggests the importance of primary care physicians as gatekeepers in early breast cancer detection.
Transcriptional Up-regulation of Endothelial Cell Matrix Metalloproteinase-2 in Response to Extracellular Cues Involves GATA-2*

Matrix metalloproteinase-2 (MMP-2) plays a critical role in endothelial cells during the processes of angiogenesis and vascular remodeling. Endothelial cell production of MMP-2 is greatly enhanced when cells are cultured within a three-dimensional type I collagen matrix coinciding with the increased invasive and migratory phenotype of the cells. To define the transcriptional regulation of MMP-2 in rat microvascular endothelial cells, we performed promoter-reporter assays with a series of promoter truncations. Activity of the full promoter was significantly greater in cells cultured within three-dimensional type I collagen compared with cells cultured as a monolayer (two-dimensional) on type I collagen. Truncation of the region encompassing base pairs –1562 to –1375 (relative to the start codon) of the MMP-2 promoter resulted in loss of this differential activity of the MMP-2 promoter. Analysis of this region indicated two putative GATA-2 binding domains between –1437 and –1387. Southwestern blot analysis and electrophoretic mobility shift assays confirmed the binding of GATA-2 to this region of the MMP-2 promoter. Overexpression of GATA-2 in COS-7 cells significantly increased the activity of the full-length MMP-2 promoter-luciferase construct. Endothelial cells expressed greater levels of GATA-2 protein in three-dimensional compared with two-dimensional cultures, and activity of the –1437/–1387 region of the MMP-2 promoter was significantly greater in three-dimensional cultured endothelial cells. Together, these results indicate GATA-2 regulation of the MMP-2 promoter in endothelial cells and that the GATA-2 binding domain is sufficient to drive increased activity of the MMP-2 promoter in response to an extracellular matrix stimulus.
Trypanosome IFT mutants provide insight into the motor location for mobility of the flagella connector and flagellar membrane formation

The flagella connector (FC) of procyclic trypanosomes is a mobile, transmembrane junction important in providing cytotactic morphogenetic information to the daughter cell. Quantitative analyses of FC positioning along the old flagellum, involving direct observations and use of the MPM2 anti-phosphoprotein monoclonal reveals a `stop point' is reached on the old flagellum which correlates well with the initiation of basal body migration and kinetoplast segregation. This demonstrates further complexities of the FC and its movement in morphogenetic events in trypanosomes than have hitherto been described. We used intraflagellar transport RNAi mutants to ablate the formation of a new flagellum. Intriguingly the FC could still move, indicating that a motor function beyond the new flagellum is sufficient to move it. When such a FC moves, it drags a sleeve of new flagellar membrane out of the flagellar pocket. This axoneme-less flagellar membrane maintains appropriate developmental relationships to the cell body including following the correct helical path and being connected to the internal cytoskeleton by macula adherens junctions. Movement of the FC in the apparent absence of intraflagellar transport raises the possibility of a new form of motility within a eukaryotic flagellum.
Class-specific antibody response to pneumococcal capsular polysaccharides in men infected with human immunodeficiency virus type 1.

We characterized the effect of infection with human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV) on levels of total immunoglobulins and pneumococcal vaccine-specific immunoglobulins in 28 heterosexual and 25 homosexual men seronegative for HIV; 27 asymptomatic, seropositive homosexual men; and 21 patients with AIDS. Total serum IgG levels were increased in both HIV-seropositive groups compared with the HIV-seronegative men (P less than .001). Total IgM levels, however, were elevated only in the asymptomatic, HIV-seropositive men (P less than .08); total IgA levels were elevated only in the patients with AIDS (P less than .05). Vaccine-specific serum IgG, IgM, and IgA significantly increased over baseline three and six weeks after immunization in all groups (P less than .05). Responses to vaccine among the HIV-seronegative groups were similar but were greater for all antibody classes than were responses among the HIV-seropositive groups (P less than .05).