Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Dependence of global radiative feedbacks on evolving patterns of surface heat fluxes

In most climate models, after an abrupt increase in radiative forcing the climate feedback parameter magnitude decreases with time. We demonstrate how the evolution of the pattern of ocean heat uptake—moving from a more homogeneous toward a heterogeneous and high‐latitude‐enhanced pattern—influences not only regional but also global climate feedbacks. We force a slab ocean model with scaled patterns of ocean heat uptake derived from a coupled ocean‐atmosphere general circulation model. Steady state results from the slab ocean approximate transient results from the dynamic ocean configuration. Our results indicate that cloud radiative effects play an important role in decreasing the magnitude of the climate feedback parameter. The ocean strongly affects atmospheric temperatures through both heat uptake and through influencing atmospheric feedbacks. This highlights the challenges associated with reliably predicting transient or equilibrated climate system states from shorter‐term climate simulations and observed climate variability.
A New Insight on Four-Level Neutral Point Clamped Converters: Four-Level = Two-Level + Three-Level

This article proposes a new insight on the four-level neutral point clamped converters: Four-level = two-level + three-level. With the proposed idea, every four-level neutral point clamped converter topology can be regarded as a hybrid combination of a two-level converter and a three-level converter. Thus, the common and complex capacitor voltage imbalance issue of four-level neutral point clamped converters can be simplified into closed loop control of the two-level converter unit and simple voltage balancing control of the three-level converter unit. Specifically, the middle capacitor voltage balancing control is realized based on the two-level converter unit using a variable-reference modulation scheme, while the upper and lower capacitor voltages are balanced based on the three-level converter unit using zero sequence voltage injection methods. Simulation and experimental results have been conducted on a four-level active neutral point clamped converter as an example to verify the proposed idea and the proposed voltage balancing control methods.
Triplet-Graph: Global Metric Localization Based on Semantic Triplet Graph for Autonomous Vehicles

Global metric localization is one of the fundamental capabilities for autonomous vehicles. Most existing methods rely on global navigation satellite systems (GNSS). Some methods relieve the need of GNSS by using 3-D LiDARs. They first achieve place recognition with a pre-built geo-referenced point-cloud database for coarse global localization, and then achieve 3-DoF/6-DoF pose estimation for fine-grained metric localization. However, these methods require accessing point-cloud features and raw point clouds, making them inefficient and hard to be deployed in large-scale environments. To provide a solution to this issue, we propose a global metric localization method with triplet-based histogram descriptors. Specifically, we first convert the input LiDAR point clouds into a semantic graph and describe the vertices in the graph with the proposed descriptor for vertex matching and pose estimation. These vertex descriptors are then selected and aggregated into a global descriptor to decide whether two places correspond to the same place according to a similarity score. Experimental results on the KITTI dataset demonstrate that our method generally outperforms the sate-of-the-art methods.
Recent Advancements and Application Of Z-Source Inverters

With the imminent energy crisis, mankind's demand for clean energy is increasing. Electricity, as the foundation of today's social development, its industry is developing at a high speed, and there is an urgent need for more efficient, stable and flexible power conversion solutions in the field of power electronics. However, traditional power electronics topologies encounter limitations, especially when confronted with wide-ranging input voltage fluctuations, posing challenges for meeting practical requirements. The Z-source inverter addresses issues inherent in conventional power electronic topologies. The Z-source inverter, a novel power electronic converter, has garnered significant attention in the power electronics domain due to its promising developmental prospects. The paper initially presents advancements in Z-source inverter topology, followed by a summary of pertinent technologies, including modulation techniques and closed-loop control strategies. Furthermore, it delves into a comprehensive examination of Z-source inverters, offering valuable references and insights to further enhance their performance and reliability. Finally, the challenges faced by Z-source inverters are discussed and possible directions of development are proposed.
Full 3‐D TLM simulations of the Earth‐ionosphere cavity: Effect of conductivity on the Schumann resonances

Schumann resonances can be found in planetary atmospheres, inside the cavity formed by the conducting surface of the planet and the lower ionosphere. They are a powerful tool to investigate both the electric processes that occur in the atmosphere and the characteristics of the surface and the lower ionosphere. Results from a full 3‐D model of the Earth‐ionosphere electromagnetic cavity based on the Transmission‐Line Modeling (TLM) method are presented. A Cartesian scheme with homogeneous cell size of 10 km is used to minimize numerical dispersion present in spherical schemes. Time and frequency domain results have been obtained to study the resonance phenomenon. The effect of conductivity on the Schumann resonances in the cavity is investigated by means of numerical simulations, studying the transition from resonant to nonresonant response and setting the conductivity limit for the resonances to develop inside the cavity. It is found that the transition from resonant to nonresonant behavior occurs for conductivity values above roughly 10−9 S/m. For large losses in the cavity, the resonances are damped, but, in addition, the peak frequencies change according to the local distance to the source and with the particular electromagnetic field component. These spatial variations present steep variations around each mode's nodal position, covering distances around 1/4 of the mode wavelength, the higher modes being more sensitive to this effect than the lower ones. The dependence of the measured frequency on the distance to the source and particular component of the electric field offers information on the source generating these resonances.
Bioprinting of inorganic-biomaterial/neural-stem-cell constructs for multiple tissue regeneration and functional recovery

ABSTRACT Tissue regeneration is a complicated process that relies on the coordinated effort of the nervous, vascular and immune systems. While the nervous system plays a crucial role in tissue regeneration, current tissue engineering approaches mainly focus on restoring the function of injury-related cells, neglecting the guidance provided by nerves. This has led to unsatisfactory therapeutic outcomes. Herein, we propose a new generation of engineered neural constructs from the perspective of neural induction, which offers a versatile platform for promoting multiple tissue regeneration. Specifically, neural constructs consist of inorganic biomaterials and neural stem cells (NSCs), where the inorganic biomaterials endows NSCs with enhanced biological activities including proliferation and neural differentiation. Through animal experiments, we show the effectiveness of neural constructs in repairing central nervous system injuries with function recovery. More importantly, neural constructs also stimulate osteogenesis, angiogenesis and neuromuscular junction formation, thus promoting the regeneration of bone and skeletal muscle, exhibiting its versatile therapeutic performance. These findings suggest that the inorganic-biomaterial/NSC-based neural platform represents a promising avenue for inducing the regeneration and function recovery of varying tissues and organs.
On the transport and modification of Antarctic Bottom Water in the Vema Channel

The Verna Channel is a deep passage across the Rio Grande Rise in the South Atlantic through which Antarctic Bottom _Water (AABW) must flow · on its way northward from the Argentine Basin to the Brazil Basin and eventuafly into the North Atlantic. Both dynamic computation and direct current measurement based on recently acquired data indicate that the volume transport of AABW is about 4 X 10° m/sec northward with a standard deviation of about 1.2 X 10° m/sec. There are no known_·exits for AABW below 1 •c out of the Brazil Basin and it is estimated by heat flux balance that if AABW leaves this basin across isopycnals, a diffusion rate of 3-4 cm/sec so directed is required. There is a sharp water mass transition between the two basins across the Rio Grande Rise with J\ABW in . the Argentine Basin being distinctively fresher and_ colder in the potential temperature range from 0.2 •c to 2.0°C at the. same density. Cold tongues of fresh. water · iidvected into the Verna Channel may be thoroughly ·mixed by lateral eddy diffusion at a rate estimated to be 4 X 10° cm/sec. This process demands a supply of Brazil Basin AABW. from the north consistent with an observed weak southward flow to the east of the much more intense northward jet. Isopycnals show a reversal in slope with·depth within the channel (but not outside) such that the coldest water is in the west at shallow AABW depths but in the. east near the bottom. East of the channel axis there are thick bottom boundary layers which are nearly homogeneous in the vertical but horizontally stratified. We suggest a dynamical, nonmixing, mechanism for producing these features. Dissolved silicate measurements reveal a filament of low concentration, presumably North Atlantic Deep Water, which is located over the channel axis at 2500 m depth. This is some 1000 m above the Rio Grande Rise and 2000 m above the Channel floor.
Development of Location-Data-Based Orchard Passage Map Generation Method

Currently, pest control work using speed sprayers results in increasing numbers of safety accidents such as worker pesticide poisoning and rollover of vehicles during work. To address this, there is growing interest in autonomous driving technology for speed sprayers. To commercialize and rapidly expand the use of self-driving speed sprayers, an economically efficient self-driving speed sprayer using a minimum number of sensors is essential. This study developed an orchard passage map using location data acquired from positioning sensors to generate autonomous driving paths, without installing additional sensors. The method for creating the orchard passage map presented in this study was to create paths using location data obtained by manually driving the speed sprayer and merging them. In addition, to apply the orchard passage map when operating autonomously, a method is introduced for generating an autonomous driving path for the work start point movement path, work path, and return point movement path.
Long-Term Prediction of Sea Surface Temperature by Temporal Embedding Transformer With Attention Distilling and Partial Stacked Connection

Sea surface temperature (SST) is one of the most important parameters in the global ocean–atmosphere system, and its long-term changes will have a significant impact on global climate and ecosystems. Accurate prediction of SST, therefore, especially the improvement of long-term predictive skills is of great significance for fishery farming, marine ecological protection, and planning of maritime activities. Since the effective and precise description of the long-range dependence between input and output requires higher model prediction ability, it is an extremely challenging task to achieve accurate long-term prediction of SST. Inspired by the successful application of the transformer and its variants in natural language processing similar to time-series prediction, we introduce it to the SST prediction in the China Sea. The model Transformer with temporal embedding, attention Distilling, and Stacked connection in Part (TransDtSt-Part) is developed by embedding the temporal information in the classic transformer, combining attention distillation and partial stacked connection, and performing generative decoding. High-resolution satellite-derived data from the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration is utilized, and long-term SST predictions with day granularity are achieved under univariate and multivariate patterns. With root mean square error and mean absolute error as metrics, the TransDtSt-Part outperforms all competitive baselines in five oceans (i.e., subareas of Bohai, Yellow Sea, East China Sea, Taiwan Strait, and South China Sea) and six prediction horizons (i.e., 30, 60, 90, 180, 270, and 360 days). Experimental results demonstrate that the performance of the innovative model is encouraging and promising for the long-term prediction of SST.
Motivation and ICT in Secondary School Mathematics using Unified Theory of Acceptance and Use of Technology Model

Mathematics is a special subject that cut across every other subject and every aspect of human life and serves as a clue in solving real-life problems. Teaching mathematics with Information and Communication Technology (ICT) materials might bring tremendous progress in the field of mathematics learning. This is activity-based which makes all students in mathematics class participate fully and contribute to learning. The opinion of secondary school students on ICT use, what is expected from them, and the motivation encountered in mathematics class was investigated. Three hundred (300) secondary school II learners were selected randomly from six secondary schools in Educational District II in Lagos state. The instrument used was based on Mathematics Teaching with ICT (MTICT), this was divided into different sections Student Perceived Performance Expectancy, Effort Expectancy, Social Influence, Facilitating Conditions, and Student Motivation. The data were analyzed with percentages and mean. From the result, the use of ICT in teaching secondary school mathematics enhanced the performance expectancy, create more motivation and the social influence from peers, friends, colleagues, and society members contribute immensely to the encouragement of the student in ICT use for studying mathematics. Therefore, ICT should be used in secondary school mathematics teaching.
Localized time-lapse elastic waveform inversion using wavefield injection and extrapolation: 2-D parametric studies

We present a methodology to invert seismic data for a localized area by combining source-side waveﬁeld injection and receiver-side extrapolation method. Despite the high resolving power of seismic full waveform inversion, the computational cost for practical scale elastic or viscoelastic waveform inversion remains a heavy burden. This can be much more severe for time-lapse surveys, which require real-time seismic imaging on a daily or weekly basis. Besides, changes of the structure during time-lapse surveys are likely to occur in a small area rather than the whole region of seismic experiments, such as oil and gas reservoir or CO 2 injection wells. We thus propose an approach that allows to image effectively and quantitatively the localized structure changes far deep from both source and receiver arrays. In our method, we perform both forward and back propagation only inside the target region. First, we look for the equivalent source expression enclosing the region of interest by using the waveﬁeld injection method. Second, we extrapolate waveﬁeld from physical receivers located near the Earth’s surface or on the ocean bottom to an array of virtual receivers in the subsurface by using correlation-type representation theorem. In this study, we present various 2-D elastic numerical examples of the proposed method and quantitatively evaluate errors in obtained models, in comparison to those of conventional full-model inversions. The results show that the proposed localized waveform inversion is not only efﬁcient and robust but also accurate even under the existence of errors in both initial models and observed data
METHODS FOR DETERMINING MOBILE LOCATION IN ZONES WITHOUT GPS RECEPTION

The paper is devoted to methods of determination of mobile device location in zones where GPS signal does not get, using only sensors of the mobile device. Most mobile devices are completed only with GPS sensors and accelerometers. Less often mobile devices are completed with a gyroscope, a magnetic compass. The problem is to choose the best method of determination of mobile device location using only sensors of device. In reality it is not possible to use only accelerometer, gyroscope and magnetic compass, because it is necessary to calculate an object location from the already known point. The known point can be received from GPS or from points of the wireless Internet.
Freshwater fish diversity and IUCN Red List status of glacial-fed (Bheri) and spring-fed (Babai) rivers in the wake of inter-basin water transfer

Freshwater fish are crucial components of aquatic ecosystems that are affected by a range of anthropogenic activities. Freshwater bodies in Nepal are under different threats affecting biodiversity. Inter-basin water transfer (IBWT) involving damming and diversion of water from one river basin to another is considered a major threat to aquatic biodiversity. Impact assessment of such projects include generation of baseline information on different biotic and abiotic variables. The aim of this study was to generate baseline information on fish diversity from the glacial-fed (Bheri) and the spring-fed (Babai) rivers and their selected tributaries from western Nepal in the wake of the first proposed inter-basin water transfer from the former to the latter. A total of 10 sampling sites, five each from Bheri and Babai River systems, were chosen strategically. Electrofishing was conducted encompassing different seasons in 2018 following the standard method. A total of 32 species with catch per unit effort (CPUE) of 47±24 from Bheri and 42 species with CPUE of 63±52 from Babai River were recorded. Cyprinidae, followed by Nemacheilidae, were the most dominant families in both river systems, and Barilius vagra and Schistura beavani were the most dominant species in both. Species richness and abundance showed a significant difference between rivers, and differences in fish assemblages reflects differences in ecological regimes. Failure to observe migratory species such as Anguilla bengalensis suggests that migratory routes may already have been affected. Of the total 52 species recorded, eight are in the threatened categories of the IUCN Red List and need active conservation measures. The findings provide a reference to assess the impacts of water transfers on fish assemblages in these river systems.
Cloud service ranking with an integration of k-means algorithm and decision-making trail and evaluation laboratory approach

The present research focuses on ranking cloud services by using the k-means algorithm with multi-criteria decision-making (MCDM) approaches that are the prime factor in the decision-making process and have been used to choose cloud services. The tools offered by MCDM can solve almost any decision-making problem. When faced with a selection challenge in the cloud environment, the trusted party would need to weigh the client’s choice against a predetermined list of criteria. There is a wide range of approaches to evaluating the quality of cloud services. The deep learning model has been considered a branch of artificial intelligence that assesses datasets to perform training and testing and makes decisions accordingly. This paper presents a concise overview of MCDM approaches and discusses some of the most commonly used MCDM methods. Also, a model based on deep learning with the k-means algorithm based decision-making trial and evaluation laboratory (kDE-MATEL) and analytic network process (ANP) is proposed as k-means algorithm based decision-making trial and evaluation laboratory with analytic network process (kD-ANP) for selecting cloud services. The proposed model uses the k-means algorithm and gives different levels of priority and weight to a set of criteria. A traditional model is also compared with a proposed model to reflect the efficiency of the proposed approach.
DIRECT MEASUREMENT OF LICHEN GROWTH IN THE CENTRAL BROOKS RANGE, ALASKA, U.S.A., AND ITS APPLICATION TO LICHENOMETRIC DATING

The growth of 92 Rhizocarpon geographicum s.l. and 57 Alectoria minuscula Nyl. lichens was measured over 4 to 6 yr in the Atigun Pass region of the central Brooks Range, Alaska. Absolute growth rates of R. geographicum s.l. were inversely related to thallus diameter and ranged from 0.35 to near 0 mm yr-1. In contrast, A. minuscula growth rates were directly related to diameter and ranged from 0.14 to 2.01 mm yr-1. A growth curve derived from mean rates of R. geographicum s.l. growth is similar to the indirectly controlled lichenometric dating curve for this region, but cannot yet be used to modify ages assigned to Holocene deposits. The derived growth curve for A. minuscula closely resembles those from the eastern Canadian
Mediating Role of Smartphone Addiction on the Relationship Between Self-Efficacy and Psychological Escapism Among College Students: Structure Model Test

The present work explores the potential role of smartphone addiction in mediating the correlation between self-efficacy and Psychological Escapism among university students. The paper’s stratified convenience sample comprised 195 students from the World Islamic Sciences and Education University. Validated scales measuring self-efficacy, psychological escapism, and smartphone addiction were utilized for data collection. The findings indicate that smartphone addiction, self-efficacy, and psychological escapism were all found at moderate levels. Moreover, the presence of smartphone addiction as a mediating variable resulted in a significant increase in the proportion of explained variance in the level of psychological escapism attributed to self-efficacy (31%), compared to the absence of this mediating variable (22%). Additionally, while gender and academic year have significant effects on psychological escapism, the demographic elements investigated did not demonstrate any significance with self-efficacy or smartphone addiction among college students. Accordingly, this research points out the importance of developing curative and preventive counseling programs aimed at reducing smartphone addiction and mitigating the level of psychological escapism by enhancing self-efficacy among college students.
Bunch-by-bunch transverse position measurement during injection

Bunch-by-bunch systems have been developed at the Taiwan Light Source and the Taiwan Photon Source to monitor transverse position and filling patterns. The system comprises four channels with a 500 MHz sampling rate synchronized with the accelerator’s radio frequency. It is utilized to diagnose injection transients due to kick mismatch, beam oscillations resulting from damped betatron oscillations and wakefield, and monitor the injection current of each bunch.