Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
A Discrete-State Continuous-Time Model of Financial Transactions Prices and Times

Financial transaction prices typically lie on a discrete grid of values and arrive at random times. This paper proposes an econometric model with this structure. The distribution of each price change is a multinomial, conditional on past information and the time interval between the transactions. The proposed autoregressive conditional multinomial (ACM) model is not restricted to be Markov or symmetric in response to shocks; however, such restrictions can be imposed. The duration between trades is modeled as an autoregressive conditional duration (ACD) model following Engle and Russell (1998). Maximum likelihood estimation and testing procedures are developed. The model is estimated with 12 months of tick data on a moderately frequently traded NYSE stock, Airgas. The preferred model is estimated, with three lags for the ACM model and two lags for the ACD model. Both price returns and squared returns influence future durations and present and past durations affect price movements. The model exhibits reversals in transaction prices in the short run due to bid–ask bounce and clustering of large moves of either sign in the longer run. Evidence of symmetry in the dynamics of prices is seen, but the response to durations is clearly nonsymmetric. It is found that the volatility per second of trades is highest for short-duration trades and that expected returns are lower for longer-duration trades.
Quantum-classical correspondence principle for work distributions in a chaotic system.

We numerically study the work distributions in a chaotic system and examine the relationship between quantum work and classical work. Our numerical results suggest that there exists a correspondence principle between quantum and classical work distributions in a chaotic system. This correspondence was proved for one-dimensional integrable systems in a recent work [Jarzynski, Quan, and Rahav, Phys. Rev. X 5, 031038 (2015)1063-651X10.1103/PhysRevX.5. 031038]. Our investigation further justifies the definition of quantum work via two-point energy measurements.
Fault detection and tolerant control of 3-phase NPC active rectifier

Compared to conventional 2-level AC/DC PWM converter, the 3-phase NPC active rectifier has a high number of power semi-conductors. Hence the possibility of the open-switch faults is much higher. Due to the many number of active elements, the detection and the tolerant control of the open-switch faults are more complicated than the conventional 2-level converter. Furthermore, the open-switch faults give rise to imbalance of the AC input currents and the fluctuation DC-link voltage. This paper proposes the open-switch fault detection method and the tolerant control method. In particular, open-switch fault case of one switch among inner six switches of NPC active rectifier is analyzed. The usefulness of this paper is verified through the computer simulation and experimentations, respectively.
Phase Noise Effect on Sine-Shaped Feedback DACs Used in Continuous-Time $\Sigma\Delta$ ADCs

Sine-shaped feedback DAC was proposed to be used in continuous-time ΣΔ ADCs for its immunity to clock jitter. However, in a sine-shaped DAC, the carrier is used as an analog signal to mix with the data, consequently, all the carrier noise appears in the sine-shaped data. The effect of carrier noise was studied before, but the analysis was based on the assumption of white noise, which is not true in real PLLs. In this work, we present a simple, intuitive, and accurate model that can predict the effect of the clock noise on the sine-shaped DAC. The model is generic and can be applied for any noise profile. We tried to keep it as close as possible to the noise profile of a real clock source. The analysis is verified by simulation and measurement results.
A Factor Analysis of the CPI and EPI

Both the CPI and the EPI were designed to describe personalities of &dquo;normal&dquo; individuals. Presumably normal individuals vary in the degree to which they possess various personality traits. Some of these traits may be positively correlated, others may be negatively correlated, and still others may be relatively independent of other traits. Regardless of the number of scales contained in an inventory, it is of
The evolutionary origins and consequences of self-fertility in nematodes

Self-fertile hermaphrodites have evolved from male/female ancestors in many nematode species, and this transition occurred on three independent occasions in the genus Caenorhabditis. Genetic analyses in Caenorhabditis show that the origin of hermaphrodites required two types of changes: alterations to the sex-determination pathway that allowed otherwise female animals to make sperm during larval development, and the production of signals from the gonad that caused these sperm to activate and fertilize oocytes. Comparisons of C. elegans and C. briggsae hermaphrodites show that the ancestral sex-determination pathway has been altered in multiple unique ways. Some of these changes must have precipitated the production of sperm in XX animals, and others were modifying mutations that increased the efficiency of hermaphroditic reproduction. Reverse genetic experiments show that XX animals acquired the ability to activate sperm by co-opting one of the two redundant pathways that normally work in males. Finally, the adoption of a hermaphroditic lifestyle had profound effects on ecological and sexual interactions and genomic organization. Thus, nematode mating systems are ideal for elucidating the origin of novel traits, and studying the influence of developmental processes on evolutionary change.
Semantic body parts segmentation for quadrupedal animals

Although marker-less human pose estimation and tracking is important in various systems, nowadays many applications tend to detect animals while performing a certain task. These applications are multidisciplinary including robotics, computer vision, safety, and animal healthcare. The appearance of RGB-D sensors such as Microsoft Kinect and its successful applications in tracking and recognition made this area of research more active, especially with their affordable price. In this paper, a data synthesis approach for generating realistic and highly varied animal corpus is presented. The generated dataset is used to train a machine learning model to semantically segment animal body parts. In the proposed framework, foreground extraction is applied to segment the animal, dense representations are obtained using the depth comparison feature extractor and used for training a supervised random decision forest. An accurate pixel-wise classification of the parts will allow accurate joint localization and hence pose estimation. Our approach records classification accuracy of 93% in identifying the different body parts of an animal using RGB-D images.
Hydrogen Sulfide Induces Direct Radical-Associated DNA Damage

Hydrogen sulfide (H2S) is produced by indigenous sulfate-reducing bacteria in the large intestine and represents an environmental insult to the colonic epithelium. Clinical studies have linked the presence of either sulfate-reducing bacteria or H2S in the colon with chronic disorders such as ulcerative colitis and colorectal cancer, although at this point, the evidence is circumstantial and underlying mechanisms remain undefined. We showed previously that sulfide at concentrations similar to those found in the human colon induced genomic DNA damage in mammalian cells. The present study addressed the nature of the DNA damage by determining if sulfide is directly genotoxic or if genotoxicity requires cellular metabolism. We also questioned if sulfide genotoxicity is mediated by free radicals and if DNA base oxidation is involved. Naked nuclei from untreated Chinese hamster ovary cells were treated with sulfide; DNA damage was induced by concentrations as low as 1 μmol/L. This damage was effectively quenched by cotreatment with butylhydroxyanisole. Furthermore, sulfide treatment increased the number of oxidized bases recognized by formamidopyrimidine [fapy]-DNA glycosylase. These results confirm the genotoxicity of sulfide and strongly implicate that this genotoxicity is mediated by free radicals. These observations highlight the possible role of sulfide as an environmental insult that, given a predisposing genetic background, may lead to genomic instability or the cumulative mutations characteristic of colorectal cancer. (Mol Cancer Res 2007;5(5):455–9)
Odor Sampling: Techniques and Strategies for the Estimation of Odor Emission Rates from Different Source Types

Sampling is one of the main issues pertaining to odor characterization and measurement. The aim of sampling is to obtain representative information on the typical characteristics of an odor source by means of the collection of a suitable volume fraction of the effluent. The most important information about an emission source for odor impact assessment is the so-called Odor Emission Rate (OER), which represents the quantity of odor emitted per unit of time, and is expressed in odor units per second (ou·s−1). This paper reviews the different odor sampling strategies adopted depending on source type. The review includes an overview of odor sampling regulations and a detailed discussion of the equipment to be used as well as the mathematical considerations to be applied to obtain the OER in relation to the sampled source typology.
Hemoglobin variants and disease manifestations in severe falciparum malaria.

CONTEXT The geographical distributions of hemoglobin S (HbS), hemoglobin C (HbC), and alpha+-thalassemia (-alpha) strongly suggest balancing selection with malaria. However, whereas several studies indicate that the HbS carrier state protects against all major forms of clinical malaria, malaria protection on clinical grounds has been more difficult to confirm for HbC and -alpha, and questions remain as to whether it applies to all forms of the disease. OBJECTIVE To assess the association between major clinical forms of severe falciparum malaria and HbS, HbC, and -alpha. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS Case-control study of 2591 children with severe falciparum malaria enrolled at a tertiary referral center in Ghana, West Africa, and 2048 age-, sex-, and ethnicity-matched control participants recruited by community surveys. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Frequencies of HbS, HbC, and -alpha in patients and controls, including stratifications of patients for signs of disease. RESULTS Patients presented with partly overlapping signs of disease, including severe anemia (64%), cerebral malaria (22%), respiratory distress (30%), hyperparasitemia (32%), prostration (52%), acidosis (59%), and hyperlactatemia (56%). Carrier states of HbS, HbC, and -alpha were found in 1.4%, 9.4%, and 25.2% of the patients, respectively, and 14.8%, 8.7%, and 27.3% of controls. The HbS carrier state was negatively associated with all forms of the disease studied (overall odds ratio [OR], 0.08; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.06-0.12). The HbC carrier state showed a negative association selectively with cerebral malaria (OR, 0.64; 95% CI, 0.45-0.91), and the -alpha carrier state showed a negative association selectively with severe anemia (OR, 0.82; 95% CI, 0.69-0.96). CONCLUSION Whereas the HbS carrier state was found to be negatively associated with all major forms of severe falciparum malaria, the negative associations of the carrier states of HbC and -alpha appeared to be limited to cerebral malaria and severe anemia, respectively.
Improving Chunk-based Semantic Role Labeling with Lexical Features

We present an approach for Semantic Role Labeling (SRL) using Conditional Random Fields in a joint identification/classification step. The approach is based on shallow syntactic information (chunks) and a number of lexicalized features such as selectional preferences and automatically inferred similar words, extracted using lexical databases and distributional similarity metrics. We use semantic annotations from the Proposition Bank for training and evaluate the system using CoNLL-2005 test sets. The additional lexical information led to improvements of 15% (in-domain evaluation) and 12% (out-of-domain evaluation) on overall semantic role classification in terms of F-measure. The gains come mostly from a better recall, which suggests that the addition of richer lexical information can improve the coverage of existing SRL models even when very little syntactic knowledge is available.
On the Origins of Human Emotions: A Sociological Inquiry into the Evolution of Human Affect

Quienes somos y como hemos llegado a ser quienes somos son los eternos enigmas a cuya resolucion se consagran, directa o indirectamente, multiples disciplinas en un intento por resolver una parte del puzzle. J. Turner tambien se embarca a traves de las paginas de la presente obra en esta investigacion concretando la pregunta en un aspecto de nuestra naturaleza, a saber, el social, transformando asi el enigma inicial en como hemos llegado a ser seres sociales. Para responder a ello el presente libro aporta pistas sumamente valiosas en la reconstruccion del puzzle, reparando en una pieza olvidada y al mismo tiempo clave para entender la identidad de los humanos: las emociones, llegando asi a defender la sorprendente y poco frecuente tesis de que las emociones son el fundamento de los lazos sociales en los humanos. On the origins of human emotions trata, pues, de descifrar mediante una historia logica y factible como opero la seleccion para hacer de los humanos los animales mas emocionales que existen sobre la tierra. 1 Para ello J. Turner, profesor de sociologia de las emociones en la Universidad de California (Riverside), realiza un recorrido interdisciplinar, sin por ello abandonar su enfoque sociologico, con el fin de anclar su tesis en distintos puertos intelectuales, mostrando asi, como el mismo senala, que la trasgresion de estas fronteras en el conocimiento se perfila cada vez mas necesaria en cualquier estudio del ser humano. Asi, con el fin de entender mejor la dinamica de las emociones en las relaciones humanas desde una perspectiva sociologica y evolucionista, J. Turner elabora un argumento original y riguroso, transportandonos al comienzodenuestra historia como especie. Para el autor se hace evidente, siendo este el punto central de toda su argumentacion, que la capacidad emocional fue la manera mas eficaz que tuvo la evolucion para garantizar nuestra supervivencia; y esto
On the Use of Vickrey Auctions for Spectrum Allocation in Developing Countries

In this paper, we assess the applicability of auctions based on the Vickrey second price model for allocating wireless spectrum in developing countries. We first provide an overview of auction models for allocating resources. We then examine the experience of auctioning spectrum in different countries. Based on this examination, we posit some axioms that seem to have to be satisfied when allocating spectrum in most developing countries. In light of these axioms, we provide a critical evaluation of using Vickrey second- price auctions to allocate spectrum in developing countries. We suggest the use of a new auction mechanism, the Vickrey "share auction" which will satisfy many of these axioms.
Collectivize Social Support? Elements for Reconsidering the Social Dimension in the Study of Social Support

Psychological models of mental disorders play an important role in the explanation of psychological deterioration. Researchers from this area usually study several cognitive and behavioral variables to account for the onset and maintenance of depression. However, many authors have detected the need to include a “social dimension” in the explanation of deterioration. In this sense, social support has become a crucial aspect in the study of mental health, and the psychological literature on this topic has generated an intense debate about several facets of the positive impact of social networks on psychological well-being. In this article, the author defends that this increasing centrality of the concept has been accompanied by a psychological reductionism that is making the role of “social aspects” to explain psychological well-being more problematic. Implications of this reductionism are discussed, and an alternative proposal is made to overcome some theoretical and empirical problems related to social support research. Los modelos psicológicos explicativos de los trastornos mentales tienen un papel central en la explicación del deterioro psicológico. Los investigadores en el área suelen manejar algunas variables cognitivas y conductuales para dar cuenta de la aparición y persistencia de la depresión. Sin embargo, numerosos autores han detectado la necesidad de incluir una “dimensión social” en la explicación de dicho deterioro. En este sentido, el apoyo social se ha convertido en un aspecto central para el estudio de la salud mental, y la bibliografía psicológica sobre el tema ha generado un intenso debate en torno a diversos aspectos del efecto positivo de las redes sociales en el bienestar psicológico. En el presente artículo el autor defiende que esta creciente centralidad del concepto se ha visto acompañada por un reduccionismo psicológico que está problematizando el papel de ‘lo social’ en las explicaciones del bienestar psicológico. Se comentan las implicaciones de este reduccionismo, al tiempo que se realiza una propuesta alternativa para superar algunos problemas teóricos y empíricos relacionados con la investigación sobre el apoyo social.
Non-deterministic games and program analysis: An application to security

We present a unifying framework for using game semantics as a basis for program analysis. Also, we present a case study of the techniques. The unifying framework presents games-based program analysis as an abstract interpretation of an appropriate games category in the category of non-deterministic games. The case study concerns an application to security.
Utilizing motion data retrieval techniques for person identification

Identifying a specific user is an old but challenging problem, and its applications are ubiquitous in our daily lives. Conventional person identification methods are using an ID card or the combination of a username and password. Recently, new techniques based on biometrics have been introduced so that people do not need to worry if they forget their username and password. For example, fingerprint and iris recognition are becoming common methods of person identification; however, users are usually required to interact with a system to use these traits. In some non-critical situations, it may be more convenient to utilize soft biometrics for person identification, although these features are not as unique for a specific person. In this work, we propose to conduct gait analysis that can be performed from a distance without disturbing user activities. We utilize depth cameras to capture user movements and create motion sequences. Then, a motion sequence is transformed to a motion string with appropriate data preprocessing and clustering techniques. Representative motion strings representing the individual behaviour of a user are retrieved and utilized to identify people. Empirical studies based on real motion data show that our approach performs well in person identification.
Dewey and Hayek on Democratic Experimentalism

Michael Dorf and Charles Sabel invoke John Dewey’s “pragmatist account of thought and action” as the “backdrop” for their theory of democratic experimentalism, an approach to governance emphasizing judicially monitored local decision making within a system of decentralized administrative authority. Little credit is given to the Austrian economist Friedrich Hayek and, what we would call today, his “neo-liberal” ideas as seminal influences on the theory of democratic experimentalism. Indeed, Sabel has been highly critical of Hayek’s ideas. Yet, an argument can be made that democratic experimentalism is at least loosely Hayekian. Hayek’s notion of a spontaneous order bears some resemblance to what Dorf, Sabel and others call a democratic experiment. Minimizing democratic experimentalism’s debt to Hayek may seem unsurprising given the tendency among democratic theorists to bifurcate the forum and the market, preferring deliberation to catallaxy. However, Dorf and Sabel gladly embrace the model of flexible entrepreneurial firms in their theory of democratic experimentalism. By preferring Dewey to Hayek, though, they ignore the fundamental role of implicit knowledge in structuring decentralized information networks and underestimate the threat of strategic action to the dialogic process of rule-making. Institutions other than markets can spontaneously evolve once a legal framework is in place, thereafter structuring experimental problem solving and democratic decision making in a Deweyan-Hayekian spirit, that is, by choosing means in the absence of predetermined ends or preferred end-states. One implication of my analysis is that Dewey's and Hayek’s ideas are more compatible than most democratic theorists and political philosophers will admit. Evidence of this compatibility opens the door for creating and evaluating democratic experiments within a Deweyan-Hayekian theoretical framework, as well as extending the framework to other areas of political inquiry.
Psychological and educational recommendations for working with young people with Retinitis Pigmentosa

This article reviews the consequences of Retinitis Pigmentosa, a retinal degenerative disease with progressive reduction of the visual field, visual acuity, contrast sensitivity, and night blindness. Retinitis Pigmentosa is addressed from both a psychological and an educational standpoint, focusing on the impact on learning, emotional well-being, and the social relationships of young people and adolescents. We examine problems affected people have to face and offer suggestions and strategies to professionals working with individuals and family members.
NATIONAL PASTIME TO DISMAL SCIENCE: USING BASEBALL TO ILLUSTRATE ECONOMIC PRINCIPLES

The game of baseball has enormous appeal to students and economists. By using baseball examples in teaching economics, the professor creates the atmosphere of fun while covering substantive topics in economics. This paper enables professors to enrich their principles course with illustrations, outlines, and annotations. The paper also provides the motivation and the suggested content of a special topics course on Baseball Economics, a sure winner in any Economics Department.
POLYCYSTIC OVARIAN PATIENT’S SERUM DECREASES IN VITRO DEVELOPMENT OF MOUSE EMBRYO

Background: Polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS) is one of the most common endocrine disorders which cause anovulatory infertility and hyperandrogenism in young women. The common feature in PCOS women is increased ovarian androgen secretion which can effect on the prevalence of miscarriage rate. Objective: The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of PCOS patient's serum on in vitro developmental stages of mouse embryo from two cells to hatching blastocyst. Materials and Methods: After superovulating and fertilizing Balb/c mice, 219 two cells embryos were retrieved, 109 embryos were cultured in 10% PCOS patient's serum and 90% medium and 110 embryos were cultured in 10% normal serum and 90% medium to hatching blastocyst stage. The PCOS patient's serum which added to medium had higher hormonal concentrations than normal serum. The early developmental stages of embryos were studied in 2, 4, 8 cells, morula, early, late and hatching blastocyst stages. Results: The statistical analysis confirmed the decreasing rate in the number of embryos in all developmental stages from 2 cells to hatching blastocyst in PCOS group in comparison with the normal group (p<0.05). Conclusion: The PCOS patient's serum causes the decreasing rate of in vitro development of the early stage in mouse embryos.