Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Far-Ultraviolet Spectrum of Fairall 9 with the Hopkins Ultraviolet Telescope

We observed the Seyfert 1 galaxy Fairall 9 with the Hopkins Ultraviolet Telescope (HUT) for ~3500 s during the Astro-2 mission. The spectrum covers 820-1840 Å with a resolution of ~3 Å. The intrinsic far-UV continuum is unattenuated to wavelengths as short as 920 Å (~880 Å in the galaxy's rest frame) and can be fitted with a power law with fν ∝ ν-1.0 after a reddening correction corresponding to EB − V = 0.03 mag. The power-law fit to the far-UV continuum of Fairall 9 may be extrapolated to connect to the soft X-ray component measured with ROSAT, forming a weak UV bump. Photoionization by such an energy distribution would produce relatively weak high-ionization lines. The intensity ratio of O VI λ1034 + Lyβ emission to that of C IV λ1549 is ~0.36. While this is typical for high-redshift quasars, it is one of the lowest among the low-luminosity, low-redshift AGNs observed by HUT. A correlation between the strength of O VI emission and the soft X-ray excess is supported by the observations of Fairall 9 and other AGNs.
Axial Deformation with Controllable Local Coordinate Frames

AbstractAn intuitive deformation tool is essential in design applications where freeform control of an existing object is required. In this paper, we present a technique for deforming 3D objects using an axial curve, which allows direct control on the local coordinate frames (LCF) defined on the axial curves. Users can move and twist the LCFs arbitrarily, while maintaining the continuity and the smoothness of the shape. This avoids undesirable twists as a result of the lack of intuitive control on the LCFs. The continuity and smoothness of the axial curve, and hence the associated geometric shape is maintained by adopting a suitable interpolation scheme to determine the LCF between user defined LCFs. Experiments show that the proposed method is capable of maintaining the shape’s smoothness while eliminating undesirable twist and distortion.
Contribution to the Statistical Geometric Basis of Radiation Scattering

We describe a number of formal properties of the hierarchy of correlation functions describing the statistical geometry of a random porous medium consisting of homogeneous matter and void regions. Our principal result concerns the determination of the average number of interparticle contacts in a randomly packed aggregate of monodisperse hard spheres. We indicate how this number can be determined, in principle, from the analysis of large angle scattering of radiation. We discuss the bearing of our result on the Debye ``random scatterers'' and the study of models of random close packing of spheres. We give a brief list of possible applications and open problems suggested by this field.
Elastic Net Regression Modeling With the Orthant Normal Prior

The elastic net procedure is a form of regularized optimization for linear regression that provides a bridge between ridge regression and the lasso. The estimate that it produces can be viewed as a Bayesian posterior mode under a prior distribution implied by the form of the elastic net penalty. This article broadens the scope of the Bayesian connection by providing a complete characterization of a class of prior distributions that generate the elastic net estimate as the posterior mode. The resulting model-based framework allows for methodology that moves beyond exclusive use of the posterior mode by considering inference based on the full posterior distribution. Two characterizations of the class of prior distributions are introduced: a properly normalized, direct characterization, which is shown to be conjugate for linear regression models, and an alternate representation as a scale mixture of normal distributions. Prior distributions are proposed for the regularization parameters, resulting in an infinite mixture of elastic net regression models that allows for adaptive, data-based shrinkage of the regression coefficients. Posterior inference is easily achieved using Markov chain Monte Carlo (MCMC) methods. Uncertainty about model specification is addressed from a Bayesian perspective by assigning prior probabilities to all possible models. Corresponding computational approaches are described. Software for implementing the MCMC methods described in this article, written in C++ with an R package interface, is available at http://www.stat.osu.edu/~hans/software/.
Ka-Band High-Efficiency Leaky-Wave Broadside Array Antenna Based on Dielectric Image Lines

Based on a novel perturbation structure combining square hole and metal strip, a Ka-band high-efficiency dielectric image line (DIL) leaky-wave antenna array with broadside beam is proposed in this letter. Compared with the conventional periodic unit, a larger control range for the radiation capacity is realized, which is applied to the design of 20 × 8 DIL array with uniform illumination. Moreover, due to the low losses of the DIL and the waveguide feeding network, the high efficiency performance has been achieved. The measured maximum gain is 28.24 dBi at 35 GHz, which corresponds to the radiation efficiency and aperture efficiency of 77.69% and 54.39%, respectively. The stable and available broadside radiation pattern has been achieved in the frequency range of 34.4–35.4 GHz. The advantages of high efficiency and low manufacturing cost of the proposed antenna make it an excellent candidate for millimeter-wave (mm-wave) applications.
Annotated Pedestrians: A Dataset for Soft Biometrics Estimation for Varying Distances

Following the significance of soft biometrics to facilitate seamless recognition or retrieval, the need for multi-modality annotated datasets is increasing - to evaluate any standalone soft biometrics system. Although, large-size datasets like PETA were annotated to evaluate soft biometrics systems, however, they were mainly annotated for global soft biometrics such as gender and age and for clothing modality. By looking at the usefulness of multiple modalities of the human body during recognition or retrieval, we designed, developed and annotated a new dataset called Annotated Pedestrians for the individuals. The images in the dataset were explicitly recorded for the individuals at four different distances from the camera and they incorporate annotations for four different modalities of the human body i.e., i) global soft biometrics, ii) extended facial region, iii) body including limbs, and iv) clothing with attachments. The annotation process was expert opinion and qualitative annotation types were used. There were a total of three global soft biometrics annotated and for remaining three modalities, categorical annotations for 46 soft biometrics were performed. In terms of comparative annotations, there were a total of 26 soft biometrics annotated for the same three modalities. To the best of our knowledge, Annotated Pedestrians is a unique dataset designed by incorporating the impact of distance during recognition or retrieval, where markers were placed on the surface at 4, 6, 8, and 10 $\text{m}$ distances from the camera, and approximately 300 frames were recorded for 50 distinct individuals in a 20 $\text{m}$ long corridor. Moreover, the usefulness of the dataset is annotation using four different modalities of the human body, and a total of 75 soft biometrics annotated using a qualitative approach - making Annotated Pedestrians a highly-diverse dataset to evaluate any soft biometrics system for recognition during short-term tracking and feature-based retrieval from the database.
Study of several double-beta-decaying nuclei using the renormalized proton-neutron quasiparticle random-phase approximation

The renormalized proton-neutron quasiparticle random-phase approximation model (RQRPA) has been used to calculate double-\ensuremath{\beta}-decay matrix elements and associated transition half-lives for two-neutrino double \ensuremath{\beta} decay of parent nuclei ${}^{76}\mathrm{Ge},$ ${}^{78}\mathrm{Kr},$ ${}^{82}\mathrm{Se},$ ${}^{96}\mathrm{Zr},$ ${}^{106}\mathrm{Cd},$ and ${}^{130}\mathrm{Te}$ to the ground state and excited one- and two-phonon states of their daughter nuclei. The results are compared to ordinary proton-neutron QRPA and experiments. In addition, the violation of the Ikeda sum rule in the RQRPA is examined and discussed.
Program construction for macromolecule atomic model refinement based on the fast Fourier transform and fast differentiation algorithms

Structure refinement may be considered as a minimization of a function R(X) of a large number ofrefineable parameters. A new type of function incorporating phase probability distribution is proposed. The minimization of the function utilizing gradient methods requires the computation of gradient V R, as well as the product of the gradient and the matrix of second derivatives with some direction. The algorithm of Kim, Nesterov & Cherkassky [Dokl. Akad. Nauk SSSR (1984), 275, 1306-1309] adapted to macromolecular structure refinement takes about four times longer for the computation of these values compared to the computation of the value of the minimized function. The matrix of second derivatives is used without any approximation.
The Use of the Static Posturography to Assess Balance Performance in a Parkinson’s Disease Population

The literature has shown contradictory results so far about the use of posturography, especially static posturography, to evaluate balance performance in Parkinson’s disease (PD) populations. This study aimed to investigate the use of static posturography as a valid method to evaluate balance in a PD population. Fifty-two participants diagnosed with PD (Hoehn & Yahr stage: 1–3) were included in this cross-sectional study. All participants completed the following assessments: Hoehn and Yahr scale, Movement Disorder Society-Unified Parkinson’s Disease Rating Scale, Tinetti Scale, Berg Balance Scale, Activities-specific Balance Confidence scale, Timed Up and Go test, and Functional Reach Test. Sway parameters were analyzed with a baropodometric platform, under eyes open (EO) and eyes closed (EC) conditions, in a bipodal stance. Small to large correlations were observed between clinical balance tests and static posturography parameters, although the majority of these parameters correlated moderately. Considering posturographic variables, the highest correlation values were detected for total excursion (TE), mean velocity (MV), mean (X-mean), and root-mean-square (X-RMS) displacements in the medio-lateral directions. It was observed that posturographic parameters worsened as the disease progresses, although differences were only significant between the stages 1 and 3 in the H&Y scale (p < 0.05). Regarding the test condition, the visual deprivation worsened significantly all the static posturography parameters (p < 0.05), except the antero-posterior mean displacement (Y-Mean). Comparing visual conditions, the EC presented slightly higher correlation values with the clinical balance tests. Static posturography could be used as an objective complementary tool to clinical balance tests in order to assess and control balance performance, mainly to detect postural instability problems.
A Selective Bit Dropping and Encoding Co-Strategy in Image Processing for Low-Power Design in DRAM and SRAM

A novel and efficient way of image processing is proposed in this paper, which fully exploits the features of DRAM (Dynamic Random Access Memory) and SRAM (Static Random Access Memory) as well as the human visual system. The proposed strategy first approximates and encodes the image to effectively reduce the number of bit-‘1’ in the original pixel data, then the processed data is pushed into the off-chip DRAM, and later written into the on-chip SRAM for further computation. Since the storage power consumption of DRAM is proportional to the number of bit-‘1’, while the write power consumption of SRAM is linear relative to the switch probability and the square of the supply voltage, fewer bits-‘1’ in the processed pixel data will decrease the power consumption of DRAM and SRAM, yet accompanied by negligible influence on output quality as our proposed method has the advantages of both approximate computation and error compensation. Thus, a tradeoff is finally achieved between storage power consumption and output quality. In the experimental simulations, 39.8% power reduction for DRAM and 25.9% write power reduction for SRAM have been achieved. Regarding output quality, Discrete Cosine Transform (DCT), quantization, inverse quantization and inverse DCT (IDCT) are employed to process the approximated data. The simulations shows average 3.36 dB losses in Peak-Signal-Noise-Ratio (PSNR). Based on this strategy, an approach of priority-based reduction in supply voltage for insignificant pixel data is introduced to achieve further reduction in power consumption for SRAM. Undoubtedly, a lower supply voltage will increase the probability of read error from SRAM. However, with our proposed approximate coding strategy, the output quality is barely impacted by the lower supply voltage.
Average dwell time approach to L 2 -L∞1 control of switched delay systems via dynamic output feedback

This study is concerned with the L 2 -L infin control problem for continuous-time switched systems with time-varying delay. A dynamic output feedback (DOF) controller is designed, which is assumed to be switching with the same switching signal as in the original system. By using an average dwell time approach and the piecewise Lyapunov function technique, a delay-dependent sufficient condition is proposed to guarantee the exponential stability and a weighted L 2 -L infin performance for the closed-loop system with the decay estimate explicitly given. The corresponding solvability condition for a desired DOF controller is established, and an explicit parametrisation of all desired DOF controllers is also given. Finally, a numerical example is given to illustrate the effectiveness of the proposed theories.
Spontaneous formation of cubic phases: a molecular dynamics study for soft repulsive spherocylinders

ABSTRACT Spontaneous formation of structures with ‘cubic symmetry’ is observed by molecular dynamics simulation. We show that many phases with cubic symmetry with planes of edge dislocations appear when the Sm layers are allowed to break up at relatively low pressures. The phases obtained can be interpreted as bend-grain-boundary phases consisting of edge dislocations, the counterpart of the twist-grain-boundary phase consisting of screw dislocations. GRAPHICAL ABSTRACT
Optimal Pole Ratio of Spoke-type Permanent Magnet Vernier Machines for Direct-drive Applications

—Due to magnetic gearing effects, spoke-type permanent magnet vernier machines (ST-PMVMs) have the merit of high torque density, where an extra torque amplification coefficient, i.e., pole ratio (the pole-pair ratio of PMs to armature windings) is introduced. However, different from surface-mounted PMVM, the variation of torque against pole ratio in ST-PMVMs is non-linear, which is increased at first and then decreased. This article is devoted to identify the optimal pole ratio of ST-PMVMs by equivalent magnetic circuit model. It is found that except the P r th air-gap magnetomotive force (MMF) harmonic having the same pole-pair of PM, the P a th air-gap MMF harmonic having the same pole-pair of armature winding is also induced due to the modulation of doubly salient air-gap structure. The P r th MMF harmonic produces positive torque, while P a th MMF harmonic produces negative torque. With the increase of pole ratio, the proportion of P a th MMF harmonic as well as negative torque is increased, which reduces the advantages of high pole ratio coefficient. Further, the influence of dimension parameters on the performance of ST-PMVMs under different pole ratio are investigated. Results show that ST-PMVMs with pole ratio 2.6 have high torque density, low cogging torque and high power factor simultaneously. Finally, a prototype is manufactured to validate the analysis.
Mobile Instant Messaging for Reference Queries Post COVID-19

ABSTRACT The study investigated whether students would prefer mobile instant messaging versus in-person enquiries for reference queries post-COVID-19. A descriptive survey research design was utilized in the study. The population consisted of 245 Adeleke University undergraduates that partook in library orientation programme. A descriptive statistic was employed to analyze the data. Findings indicated that the most preferred mobile instant messaging for reference queries by students are WhatsApp, Instagram, Telegram, default text messenger and Facebook Messenger. However, the most significant problem of using mobile instant messaging for reference queries were discovered to be internet access issues. The study concluded that Adeleke University undergraduate students prefer to utilize mobile instant messaging to make reference queries rather than in-person reference queries post-COVID-19, hence reference librarians should enhance their use of mobile instant messaging to receive reference queries.
Ion-acoustic solitons in a magnetized plasma with nonthermal electrons

Obliquely propagating ion-acoustic solitons in a magnetized plasma consisting of warm adiabatic ions and nonthermal electrons have been investigated. The reductive perturbation method has been employed to derive the Korteweg-de Vries equation which admits a solitary wave solution for small amplitude limit. The highly nonlinear situation has also been studied by the numerical solution of the full nonlinear system of equations. The presence of nonthermal electrons changes the nature of ion-acoustic solitons. In the small amplitude limit the soliton may change from compressive to rarefactive, while the full nonlinear equations may allow rarefactive and compressive solitary waves to coexist. The effects of external magnetic field, obliqueness and ion temperature on the amplitude and width of the compressive and rarefactive solitons are discussed.
An X-ray, optical and radio study of PKS 0745 – 191: a massive cooling flow

The X-ray source 3A 0745-191 is identified with intracluster gas surrounding the giant galaxy containing the radio source, PKS 0745-191, which lies at z = 0.1. The gas is cooling at the unprecedented rate of 1000 solar mass/yr. Optical line-emitting gas extends more than 10 kpc from the centre of the galaxy and corroborates the high mass-flow rate. The optical spectrum is similar to that of distant 3CR radio galaxies reported by others. It is concluded that formation of a giant galaxy was observed.
Instrumentation for glancing angle x‐ray absorption spectroscopy on the Synchrotron Radiation Source

A versatile instrument for glancing‐angle x‐ray absorption spectroscopy (XAS) and x‐ray reflectivity in routine use on the Daresbury Synchrotron Radiation Source is described. This facility can be used for XAS measurements in both reflectivity and fluorescence modes as well as for qualitative studies of angular dependent x‐ray reflectivity. Reflectivity and XAS data obtained with this instrument on the oxidized surfaces of Cu thin films are presented.
Analysis Of the Gender Wage Gap in Maluku Province Using Blinder-Oaxaca Decomposition

One of the eighth Sustainable Development Goal targets is to acomplish full and useful employment and decent work for all women and men, incorporating youth and people with incapacities, and equivalent compensation for work of equivalent worth. This study aims to discuss the gender wage gap between females and males in Maluku Province in 2020. One approach to analyzing household welfare could be measured through wages. Although there is an increase in LFPR, there is still a gender wage gap. Female wage inequality is an important concern today because females significantly contribute to economic development. Thus, it is necessary to conduct research related to factors that affect the wage inequality of female workers. This study uses secondary data from SAKERNAS (National Labor Force Survey) August 2020 with units of analysis as many as 4.293 households. Data analysis used was decomposition Blinder-Oaxaca to measure the gap and break down it into explained and unexplained gaps. The results showed that residence, marital status, education level, training participation, business sector, and Industry contribute to the gender wage gap in Maluku Province.
SARS-CoV-2 mRNA Dual Immunization Induces Innate Transcriptional Signatures, Establishes T-Cell Memory and Coordinates the Recall Response

Background: mRNA vaccines have played a crucial role in controlling the SARS-CoV-2 global pandemic. However, the immunological mechanisms involved in the induction, magnitude and longevity of mRNA-vaccine-induced protective immunity are still unclear. Methods: In our study, we used whole-RNA sequencing along with detailed immunophenotyping of antigen-specific T cells and humoral RBD-specific response to dual immunization with the Pfizer–BioNTech mRNA vaccine (BNT162b2) and correlated them with response to an additional dose, administered 10 months later, in order to comprehensively profile the immune response of healthy volunteers to BNT162b2. Results: Primary dual immunization induced upregulation of the Type I interferon pathway and generated spike protein (S)-specific IFN-γ+ and TNF-α+ CD4 T cells, S-specific memory CD4 T cells, and RBD-specific antibodies against SARS-CoV-2. S-specific CD4 T cells induced by the primary series correlated with the RBD-specific antibody titers to a third dose. Conclusions: This study demonstrates the induction of both innate and adaptive immunity in response to the BNT162b2 mRNA vaccine in a coordinated manner and identifies the central role of primarily induced CD4+ T cells as a predictive biomarker of the magnitude of anamnestic immune response.
Performance analysis for CEM and OSP

We investigate two well-known techniques Constrained Energy Minimization (CEM) and Orthogonal Subspace Projection (OSP) and find out that they can be theoretically treated as equivalent methods when the noise is independent and identically distributed (i.i.d.) And its variance is small enough compared to signals, i.e., SNR is large enough. In order to make the condition true, two approaches are applied to modify the OSP technique. One is to estimate the noise covariance matrix and whiten the noise to be i.i. d. and unit variance. The other is to estimate sufficient undesired signatures such that the noise approaches i.i. d. when the data is projected onto the orthogonal subspace of undesired signatures. The results using simulated and real data demonstrate that our conclusion on the relationship between the OSP and the CEM is correct. It will be instructive to algorithm selection in practical application.
Loss of the Immunomodulatory Transcription Factor BATF2 in Humans Is Associated with a Neurological Phenotype

Epilepsy and mental retardation are known to be associated with pathogenic mutations in a broad range of genes that are expressed in the brain and have a role in neurodevelopment. Here, we report on a family with three affected individuals whose clinical symptoms closely resemble a neurodevelopmental disorder. Whole-exome sequencing identified a homozygous stop-gain mutation, p.Gln19*, in the BATF2 gene in the patients. The BATF2 transcription factor is predominantly expressed in macrophages and monocytes and has been reported to modulate AP-1 transcription factor-mediated pro-inflammatory responses. Transcriptome analysis showed altered base-level expression of interferon-stimulated genes in the patients’ blood, typical for type I interferonopathies. Peripheral blood mononuclear cells from all three patients demonstrated elevated responses to innate immune stimuli, which could be reproduced in CRISPR–Cas9-generated BATF2−/− human monocytic cell lines. BATF2 is, therefore, a novel disease-associated gene candidate for severe epilepsy and mental retardation related to dysregulation of immune responses, which underscores the relevance of neuroinflammation for epilepsy.