Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Procurement effects on trust and control in client-contractor relationships

Purpose – This paper aims to investigate how construction clients currently deal with procurement and to analyse how the choices made during the buying process stages affect the combination of governance mechanisms and control types in client‐contractor relationships.Design/methodology/approach – Empirical data were collected through a survey of 87 Swedish construction clients.Findings – Current procurement procedures establish governance forms facilitating a focus on price, through output control, and authority, through process control. Since construction transactions are mostly characterized by high complexity and customisation and long duration, the theoretical framework prescribes a focus on trust and a somewhat lower focus on price and authority. Hence, from a transaction cost perspective, construction clients focus too much on price and authority and too little on trust. Since current procedures may cause problems in all stages of the buying process, the result suggests that partnering arrangements,.
Studying the Recursive Behaviour of Adjectival Modification with Compositional Distributional Semantics

In this study, we use compositional distributional semantic methods to investigate restrictions in adjective ordering. Specifically, we focus on properties distinguishing AdjectiveAdjective-Noun phrases in which there is flexibility in the adjective ordering from those bound to a rigid order. We explore a number of measures extracted from the distributional representation of AAN phrases which may indicate a word order restriction. We find that we are able to distinguish the relevant classes and the correct order based primarily on the degree of modification of the adjectives. Our results offer fresh insight into the semantic properties that determine adjective ordering, building a bridge between syntax and distributional semantics.
ABDUCTIVE AND DEDUCTIVE CHANGE

This article takes as its point of departure an unusual phonological change in a Czech dialect. It then propores a model of phonological change which would make possible the undentanding of structural innovationr in the phonology of a homogeneous speech community. The model, which distinguishes two logically different modes o£ change (abductive and deductive), helps clarify the essential difference between 'internally motivated' change and change 'induced from without'. The model uses our experience of observed phonetic changes, and may consequently have some bearing on our understanding of the structure of phonology. t.1. In some localities in the Litomysl area in northeastern Bohemia, the traditional dialects as still spoken toward the end of the l9th century differed from the surroundirlg Czech dialects by a striking peculiarity: the occunence of apico-alveolar consonants /t d n/ correspondmg to Proto-Slavic bilabial consonants p *b *m in a small and dimini.shing number of very common lesemes, e.g. /koutit/ (Standard Czech koupsti) 'buy', /tekiie/ (pdknZ) 'nicely'? /di:lej/ (bfl§) 'white', /deiet/ (bet«eti) 'run? , /deemeno/ (bremeno) 'burden? , /ni:t/ (mfti) 'have', /nesto/ (mGsto) 'town'. l The LitomyFl dentals are mentioned in several 19th century works on Czech dialectology; they were even used in literary works as late as the 1890's to characterize foLk speech in that area. But even at that time, the dentals occurred only in the speech of the oldest generation of speakers and were an object of ridicule, celebrated in alliterating jeers like /ti:te ti:vo Nak je s tenou/ (P{te pivo vGak je s pGnou! ) 'Drink yor beer, never mind the head! ' or /holoude f troude na di:li: ni:se/ (Holoube v troubG na bBlf mBse) 'The young pigeon in the oven is on a white platter. ' Now only a couple of etymologically isolated lexemes preserve this peculiarity of the old TetAk dialects as I will call them.g. /prati:sko/ (prapBsek) 'door post', /didla/ (bidla) 'flail', if thev are indeed still used.2 But it is clear from the endence that at one time in the past-as recently as the 1840's, according to Hodura (cited in Bblid 1966:40) the dialects in question regularly had dentals as reflexes of Proto-Slanc labials in certain environments.
A Tactile Presentation Method of Mind Maps in Co-located Meetings

This paper proposes a concept to use a 2D tactile mind map tool for a better integration of blind people into co-located meetings with the goal of structuring and organizing ideas during ideation. We mainly focus on presentation techniques to present mind maps to blind users. We discuss problems of existing analogue and digital tools, which support structuring and organizing ideas, for blind meeting participants. Further we outline the concept of a sequential method for presenting mind maps [1]. Finally the design of 2D presentation technique using the “touch-sensitive tablet display for blind and partially sighted users” (HyperBraille Project http://hyperbraille.de) is presented.
[Mesial temporal sclerosis in paediatrics: its clinical spectrum. Our experience gained over a 19-year period].

INTRODUCTION Mesial temporal sclerosis (MTS) is defined as neuron loss and gliosis in the hippocampus and adjacent structures. Here we report on our 19 years' experience in dealing with this condition. PATIENTS AND METHODS A retrospective, descriptive study was conducted of patients diagnosed with MTS between May 1990 and January 2009. RESULTS A diagnosis of MTS was established in 16 cases (62.5% males). By location these cases were distributed as follows: 12 were unilateral (seven left temporal and five right) and four were bilateral. It was associated to cortical dysplasia in six patients (37.5%) and to hippocampal arachnoid cysts in two other cases. As regards possible causations, in one case herpes simplex encephalitis was suspected; in three cases, a prenatal cerebral vascular pathology; and in three others, prenatal infection by cytomegalovirus. The distribution of the clinical spectrum was as follows: five patients with isolated clinical epilepsy; one with isolated psychomotor retardation or mental retardation (PMR-MR); one with isolated autism spectrum disorder (ASD); three with epilepsy associated to PMR-MR; one with epilepsy associated to ASD; two with PMR-MR and ASD; and two with the triad consisting of epilepsy together with PMR-MR and ASD. In one case, MTS was discovered in migraine studies, without any other symptoms. Crises were controlled with monotherapy in all the patients who received antiepileptic treatment except in three, one of whom required surgery. CONCLUSIONS The definitive diagnosis of MTS is pathologic, but the latest neuroimaging techniques have allowed a very reliable approximate diagnosis to be reached. It may be associated to other malformative disorders, such as focal cortical dysplasia or cysts. MTS can be observed in epilepsy (whether refractory or not), but also in ASD, PMR-MR or asymptomatic patients.
The Impact of Union Elections on Human Resources Management Practices in Hospitals

The purpose of this article is to explore top management's perceptions of how various human resources management (HRM) practices changed in hospitals (n = 101) after union elections. Significant increases in many HRM practices that are believed to lead to competitive advantage through human resources were reported in firms in which unions lost elections but not in firms where unions were certified.
3D Prestack Wave-Equation Imaging - a Rapidly Evolving Technology

Wave-equation migration is an accurate and robust alternative to Kirchhoff migration when multipathing and other complex wave phenomena occur, such as in subsalt exploration. In these situations, images obtained by wave-equation migration are often superior to images obtained by Kirchhoff methods. However, 3-D wave-equation prestack imaging is an immature technology compared with Kirchhoff imaging, and thus its full potential is still far from being fulfilled. In this paper we discuss some of the new challenges that we encounter when applying wavefields methods to 3-D prestack imaging.
UBM fused total variability modeling for language identification

This paper proposes Universal Background Model (UBM) fusion in the framework of total variability or i-vector modeling with the application to language identification (LID). The total variability subspace which is typically exploited to discriminate between the language classes of different speech recordings, is trained by combining the normalized Baum-Welch statistics of multiple UBMs. When the UBMs model a diverse set of feature representations, the method yields an i-vector representation which is more discriminant between the classes of interest. This approach is particularly useful when applied to shortduration utterances, and is a computationally less complex alternative to performance boosting as compared to system level fusion. We assess the performance of UBM fused total variability modeling on the task of robust language identification on short-duration utterances, as part of Phase-III of the DARPA RATS (Robust Automatic Transcription of Speech) program. Index Terms: language identification, i-vector representation, short-duration, noise robustness, RATS
REALITY TESTING AND THE FORMATION OF PARANORMAL BELIEFS: A CONSTRUCTIVE REPLICATION

This study investigated the role of reality testing deficits in the formation of belief in the paranormal. In the present context reality testing is taken to entail the person’s inclination to test critically the logical plausibility of his or her beliefs. An earlier study of this relationship by the author (Irwin, in press) was partially compromised by the use of an index of reality testing deficits that was potentially contaminated by a small number of items implicating paranormal belief. The current research therefore constitutes a constructive replication of the original study in that it surveyed the relationship of facets of paranor mal belief to a deficit in reality testing when the measure of the latter had no items concurrently incorporating specifically paranormal beliefs. A questionnaire survey of 161 adults from the general Australian population revealed that two fundamental facets of paranormal belief were predicted by reality testing deficits. The findings are discussed in relation to the cognitive bases of the formation of paranormal belief.
A modified preschool life skills program focused on teaching functional communication and self-control resulted in acquisition of requesting skills and the prevention of problem behavior in small groups of preschool children

This review provides a summary and appraisal commentary on the treatment review by Luczynski, K. C. , & Hanley, G. P. (2013). Prevention of problem behavior by teaching functional communication and self-control skills to preschoolers. Journal of Applied Behavior Analysis, 46, 355–368. Source of funding and disclosure of interest: No source of funding reported, and no conflicts of interest reported by the original authors of this research report.
Extended Diffie-Hellman Technique to Generate Multiple Shared Keys at a Time with Reduced KEOs and its Polynomial Time Complexity

Recently Biswas[1] extended Diffie-Hellman technique to generate multiple two-person-shared keys by exchange of two public keys. In this paper, we further generalize the Diffie-Hellman technique to generate multiple two-person-shared keys by exchange of any number of public keys and study its Polynomial Time Complexity, Security etc. Also, an upper bound for the number of shared keys in terms of the number of exchanged keys and for a given number of shared keys, the minimum required number of keys to be exchanged, were arrived at. Lastly, a comparative study between the proposed technique and the Diffie-Hellman technique repeated m-times is made.
Methods to assess physical activity with special reference to motion sensors and accelerometers

The evolution of motion sensors is reviewed from the mechanical pedometer to the electronic accelerometer. It is concluded from this review that for accurate assessment of physical activity under free living conditions the recently introduced accelerometer looks most promising. The reliability of an accelerometer with a three-directional sensor was examined. Intrainstrument variation in a bench test was less than 8% during four measurements over a week. Interinstrument variation during treadmill experiments, while subjects wore two accelerometers at the same time, was on average 22% and did not improve after adjustment for differences found in the bench test. Reproducibility in the treadmill experiment was approximately 76, 85. and 95% at 3, 5, and 7 km/h, respectively. Bench testing revealed that the sensitivity of a piezoelectric element was prone to shifts, probably due to mechanical. electromagnetic, and/or temperature shock which may be encountered during outdoor application. However, the results of the bench test did not correspond with the findings in subjects. <<ETX>>
Cancer surveillance series: recent trends in childhood cancer incidence and mortality in the United States.

BACKGROUND Public concern about possible increases in childhood cancer incidence in the United States led us to examine recent incidence and mortality patterns. METHODS Cancers diagnosed in 14540 children under age 15 years from 1975 through 1995 and reported to nine population-based registries in the National Cancer Institute's Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results Program were investigated. Age-adjusted incidence was analyzed according to anatomic site and histologic categories of the International Classification of Childhood Cancer. Age-adjusted U.S. mortality rates were calculated. Trends in rates were evaluated by use of standard regression methods. RESULTS A modest rise in the incidence of leukemia, the most common childhood cancer, was largely due to an abrupt increase from 1983 to 1984; rates have decreased slightly since 1989. For brain and other central nervous system (CNS) cancers, incidence rose modestly, although statistically significantly (two-sided P = .020), largely from 1983 through 1986. A few rare childhood cancers demonstrated upward trends (e.g., the 40% of skin cancers designated as dermatofibrosarcomas, adrenal neuroblastomas, and retinoblastomas, the latter two in infants only). In contrast, incidence decreased modestly but statistically significantly for Hodgkin's disease (two-sided P = .037). Mortality rates declined steadily for all major childhood cancer categories, although less rapidly for brain/CNS cancers. CONCLUSIONS There was no substantial change in incidence for the major pediatric cancers, and rates have remained relatively stable since the mid-1980s. The modest increases that were observed for brain/CNS cancers, leukemia, and infant neuroblastoma were confined to the mid-1980s. The patterns suggest that the increases likely reflected diagnostic improvements or reporting changes. Dramatic declines in childhood cancer mortality represent treatment-related improvements in survival.
The effect of Physical Activities on the mental health in Korean Middle School Adolescents: Based on the Web-based Survey on Adolescents Health Behavior from 2013

Abstract This study tends to grasp the physical activity on its influences and effect s to the mental health of middle school students and we tried to look for a specific plan that will help to improve middle school students’ mental health. We analyzed 36,530 students in middle school using a basic data “9th (2013) health behavior of juvenile on the online”. The study is analyzed by complex sample data analysis method. The degree of euphoria recognition showed the low feeling of happiness when students exercise directly below two times rather than three times a week in the Physical Education class at school. On the other hand, the possibility of stress perception degree and suicide attempt is lowered. If the number of sports team participating is below one team, euphoria would be lowered and the limit of stress perception is high. However, the participation of one or two teams make the possibility of suicide lessens rather than students taking part in more 4 teams. In order to help middle school students reduce their stress and improve their happiness, they need to participate in sports as a regular team and join intramural games more than three times a week. In this case of the lower grade, it is considered that it is necessary for them to combine the educational program for the emotional support to control their extreme behavior.
1 Secure Presence-based Services

Ad hoc communication applications like computerfacilitated collaboration have become possible with the rapid advancements in portable computing and ad hoc wireless networking. Ad hoc communication solutions require a balance between private communications and access to corporate networked services in order to succeed. In this paper, we discuss and offer some approaches in integrating ad hoc communications into an enterprise framework through the use of secure group services and presence. We believe that the projection of presence and availability are crucial in facilitating spontaneous and ad hoc communication sessions but argue that the challenges lie in the proper manipulation of user and enterprise policies to allow these sessions to occur in a manner acceptable to the enterprise. We present concepts that focus on the use of presence and group-based policies which we call Associations, that we hope will encourage communications and collaboration among users as well as protect their privacy.
The E2F-1 Transcription Factor Promotes Caspase-8 and Bid Expression, and Enhances Fas Signaling in T Cells1

The immune system depends on the extensive proliferation of rare Ag-specific precursor T lymphocytes, followed by their differentiation, the delivery of effector function, and finally death by apoptosis. T cells that lack the E2F-1 transcription factor, which is activated as cells pass the restriction point and enter S phase, show defects in activation-induced cell death. We now report that E2F-1 increases the activity of an apoptotic pathway that is important in murine primary T cells. Thus, E2F-1 promotes the transcription of Bid, a molecule that links death receptor signaling to the activation of apoptotic mechanisms in mitochondria. It also promotes the transcription of caspase-8, the enzyme that cleaves and activates Bid. Enforced expression of Bid can partially restore apoptosis in E2F-1-deficient T cells. Thus, E2F-1 integrates cell cycle progression with apoptosis.
Functional association of retinoic acid and hedgehog signaling in Xenopus primary neurogenesis.

Previous work has shown that the posteriorising agent retinoic acid can accelerate anterior neuronal differentiation in Xenopus laevis embryos (Papalopulu, N. and Kintner, C. (1996) Development 122, 3409-3418). To elucidate the role of retinoic acid in the primary neurogenesis cascade, we investigated whether retinoic acid treatment of whole embryos could change the spatial expression of a set of genes known to be involved in neurogenesis. We show that retinoic acid expands the N-tubulin, X-ngnr-1, X-MyT1, X-&Dgr;-1 and Gli3 domains and inhibits the expression of Zic2 and sonic hedgehog in the neural ectoderm, whereas a retinoid antagonist produces opposite changes. In contrast, sonic and banded hedgehog overexpression reduced the N-tubulin stripes, enlarged the neural plate at the expense of the neural crest, downregulated Gli3 and upregulated Zic2. Thus, retinoic acid and hedgehog signaling have opposite effects on the prepattern genes Gli3 and Zic2 and on other genes acting downstream in the neurogenesis cascade. In addition, retinoic acid cannot rescue the inhibitory effect of Notch(ICD), Zic2 or sonic hedgehog on primary neurogenesis. Our results suggest that retinoic acid acts very early, upstream of sonic hedgehog, and we propose a model for regulation of differentiation and proliferation in the neural plate, showing that retinoic acid might be activating primary neurogenesis by repressing sonic hedgehog expression.
The nature of memory for action events: An episodic integration view

Abstract Four experiments studied the effect of conceptual integration (semantic integration) on the memory performance of action events. Experiment I studied normatively semantic integration within each individual item. The remaining experiments examined the effect of semantic integration at encoding on memory for subject-performed tasks (SPTs) and memory for verbal tasks (VTs). Both SPT and VT memory were tested in free recall and cued recall. In cued recall, either verbs or nouns (objects) were used as cues. In Experiment 2, well-integrated (WI) and poorly integrated (PI) items were used as a between-subjects variable. In Experiment 3, using a longer study list, type of item was a within-subjects variable. In Experiment 4, the level of integration was decreased for WIs and increased for PIs. The results from all experiments indicated that the encoding of the two components of SPTs (action verb and object) are together affected by semantic integration of the conceptual pre-experimental relation between .
Plasticity of perisynaptic astroglia during synaptogenesis in the mature rat hippocampus

Astroglia are integral components of synapse formation and maturation during development. Less is known about how astroglia might influence synaptogenesis in the mature brain. Preparation of mature hippocampal slices results in synapse loss followed by recuperative synaptogenesis during subsequent maintenance in vitro. Hence, this model system was used to discern whether perisynaptic astroglial processes are similarly plastic, associating more or less with recently formed synapses in mature brain slices. Perisynaptic astroglia was quantified through serial section electron microscopy in perfusion‐fixed or sliced hippocampus from adult male Long‐Evans rats that were 65–75 days old. Fewer synapses had perisynaptic astroglia in the recovered hippocampal slices (42.4% ± 3.4%) than in the intact hippocampus (62.2% ± 2.6%), yet synapses were larger when perisynaptic astroglia was present (0.055 ± 0.003 μm2) than when it was absent (0.036 ± 0.004 μm2) in both conditions. Importantly, the length of the synaptic perimeter surrounded by perisynaptic astroglia and the distance between neighboring synapses was not proportional to synapse size. Instead, larger synapses had longer astroglia‐free perimeters where substances could escape from or enter into the synaptic clefts. Thus, smaller presumably newer synapses as well as established larger synapses have equal access to extracellular glutamate and secreted astroglial factors, which may facilitate recuperative synaptogenesis. These findings suggest that as synapses enlarge and release more neurotransmitter, they attract astroglial processes to a discrete portion of their perimeters, further enhancing synaptic efficacy without limiting the potential for cross talk with neighboring synapses in the mature rat hippocampus. © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.