Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Automatic Combination of Operators in a Genetic Algorithm to Solve the Traveling Salesman Problem

Genetic algorithms are powerful search methods inspired by Darwinian evolution. To date, they have been applied to the solution of many optimization problems because of the easy use of their properties and their robustness in finding good solutions to difficult problems. The good operation of genetic algorithms is due in part to its two main variation operators, namely, crossover and mutation operators. Typically, in the literature, we find the use of a single crossover and mutation operator. However, there are studies that have shown that using multi-operators produces synergy and that the operators are mutually complementary. Using multi-operators is not a simple task because which operators to use and how to combine them must be determined, which in itself is an optimization problem. In this paper, it is proposed that the task of exploring the different combinations of the crossover and mutation operators can be carried out by evolutionary computing. The crossover and mutation operators used are those typically used for solving the traveling salesman problem. The process of searching for good combinations was effective, yielding appropriate and synergic combinations of the crossover and mutation operators. The numerical results show that the use of the combination of operators obtained by evolutionary computing is better than the use of a single operator and the use of multi-operators combined in the standard way. The results were also better than those of the last operators reported in the literature.
The Role of MRI in the Follow-up of Women Undergoing Breast-conserving Therapy

Objectives:Breast-conserving therapy (BCT) represents a standard of care in the management of breast cancer. However, unlike mastectomy, women treated with BCT require follow-up imaging of the treated breast as well as the contralateral breast as part of posttreatment surveillance. Traditionally, surveillance has consisted of clinical exams and mammograms. However, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) has emerged as a breast imaging technique utilized as part of high-risk screening programs as well as part of the initial diagnosis and workup of women considered for BCT. At this time, the role of MRI as part of follow-up for women treated with BCT remains unclear. Methods:A systematic review was performed to evaluate the role of MRI following BCT. Results:Although there is no randomized evidence supporting the routine use of MRI in surveillance post-BCT, a review of the literature demonstrates that MRI (1) has increased sensitivity as compared with mammography to detect recurrences, and (2) can help evaluate mammographic abnormalities before biopsy and/or surgery. Conclusions:In patients with higher risk of local recurrence, surveillance with MRI may represent an effective surveillance strategy though subgroups benefiting have not been identified nor has the impact on quality of life and cost been evaluated.
Autophagic and Apoptotic Effects of HDAC Inhibitors on Cancer Cells

Because epigenetic alterations are believed to be involved in the repression of tumor suppressor genes and the promotion of tumorigenesis in cancers, novel compounds endowed with histone deacetylase (HDAC) inhibitory activity are an attractive therapeutic approach. Indeed, the potential of HDAC inhibitors for cancer therapy has been explored in preclinical models, and some agents approved for hematologic malignancies have reached the clinical setting. HDAC inhibitors are able to mediate the induction of both apoptosis and autophagy, which are related to anticancer activity in a variety of cancer cell lines. Given the inherent resistance to apoptosis that characterizes cancer, the targeting of alternative pathways is an attractive strategy to improve anti-tumor therapy. The activation of autophagy represents novel cancer treatment targets. This paper aims to critically discuss how the anticancer potential of HDAC inhibitors may elicit a response to human cancers through different cell pathways leading to cell death.
Beyond good intentions: Prompting people to make plans improves follow-through on important tasks

People fail to follow through on all types of important intentions, including staying fit, studying sufficiently, and voting. These failures cost individuals and society by escalating medical costs, shrinking lifetime earnings, and reducing citizen involvement in government. Evidence is mounting, however, that prompting people to make concrete and specific plans makes people more likely to act on their good intentions. Planning prompts seem to work because scheduling tasks makes people more likely to carry them out. They also help people recall in the right circumstances and in the right moment that they need to carry out a task. Prompts to make plans are simple, inexpensive, and powerful interventions that help people do what they intend to get done. They also avoid telling people what to do, allowing people to maintain autonomy over their own decisions.
How Social Consciousness and the Development of Social Responsibility Can Grow Through the Meaning-Making Processes of Collaboration and Artmaking

The primary question that framed this study was “How can social consciousness and the development of social responsibility grow through the meaning-making processes of collaboration and artmaking? ” This source of inquiry was investigated through the practices of arts-based service-learning and participatory action research and was grounded in social interdependence theory. As an artist, teacher and researcher, the author set out to better understand how the processes of collaboration and artmaking could aid in the growth of social consciousness and the development of social responsibility. Working in cooperative learning groups, students from The Ohio State University and Graham Expeditionary Middle School collaboratively created digital art in a joined community space. Through investigations of the big ideas of community and identity, participants worked cooperatively to create meaning in the processes of artmaking and reflection. The results of this study provide a discourse that uncovers many important issues relevant to social consciousness and social responsibility, the practices of service-learning and participatory action research and the theory of social interdependence. It also raises several questions that will inspire numerous new inquiries that continue this reflexive spiral of meaning-making.
The utility of chloroquine in cancer therapy

Abstract Background: The anti-malarial drug chloroquine has recently been discovered as a novel anti-tumor agent. This article is to review the recent development of chloroquine being used in cancer therapy. Methods: PubMed, ScienceDirect and ClinicalKey served as the major databases. Key words included ‘chloroquine’, ‘cancer’, and ‘autophagy’. The publication date was up to June 2015. Results: Chloroquine mainly executes its anti-tumor function through inhibition of autophagy. It can accumulate inside the lysosome resulting in lysosomal membrane permeabilization (LMP) which will eventually lead to apoptosis. Chloroquine has been shown to stabilize p53 and induce p53-dependent apoptosis or cell cycle arrest. It can also inhibit ABC (ATP-binding cassette) family protein. The anti-cancer effect of chloroquine has been observed both in vitro and in vivo. However, it is considered more as a potential chemotherapy and radiotherapy sensitizer rather than an antineoplastic. Conclusion: Although the utility of chloroquine is promising in cancer therapy, some safety issues have been brought to attention, and further studies on safety profile and the signs of clinical activity of chloroquine including its derivatives should be conducted.
GSK-3beta inhibitory effects of 6-gingerol and 6-shogaol help to the recovery of SHSY-5Y cells after amyloid beta1–42 oligomer or aggregate toxicity

BACKGROUND: GSK-3 , has been shown to regulate APP cleavage resulting in the increased production of A and the inhibition of the GSK-3 reduced the amyloid beta induced neurotoxicity in several studies. OBJECTIVE: This study was designed to investigate the GSK-3 inhibitory effects of 6-gingerol and 6-shogaol the major components of Zingiber officinale could be able to recover the SHSY-5Y cells from Amyloid beta 1–42 oligomer and aggregate toxicity. METHODS: SHSY-5Y (ATCC; CRL-2266) cells were maintained in Dulbecco’s modified eagle medium (DMEM, Gibco) containing 10% fetal calf serum, 100 U/mL penicillin, 50 g/mL streptomycin, at 37◦C and 5% CO2 in a humidified incubator. Cells were transferred to sterile 96-well e-plates at 5 × 104 cells per well and followed real time for 78 hours via Xcelligence system. Ferulic acid was used as a positive control as a GSK-3 inhibitor at 4 M dose and 6-gingerol and 6-shogaol were applied to the cells at 0.01 M, 0.1 M, 1 M, 10 M, 100 M doses/50 L with or without -Amyloid 1–42 oligomers or aggregates. GSK-3 activity was determined by Kinase-Glo assay. RESULTS: Both the amyloid beta aggregates and the oligomers had cytotoxic effect on SHSY-5Y cells followed by the real time cell analyzer system. 6-gingerol and 6 shogaol inhibited the GSK-3 enzyme up to % 20 levels in a dose dependent manner until 1 M. However, parallel with the reduction of the inhibition for 6-shogaol over 1 M, showed a toxicity itself on SHSY-5Y cells, whereas 6-gingerol did not show any cytotoxic effect at any doses applied. CONCLUSIONS: 6-gingerol and 6-shogaol increased the cell viability followed in a real time manner after around 24 hours than the amyloid beta aggregate or oligomer toxicity as much as the ferulic acid could. Furthermore these effects supported the GSK-3 inhibitory effects of both compounds at low doses up to 1 M. These results reveal that 6-gingerol and 6-shogaol the major components of Zingiber officinale help to recovery from amyloid beta toxicity which might further be investigated by clinical trials.
Dose Dependency of Adjuvant Activity of Particulate Matter from Five European Sites in Three Seasons in an Ovalbumin–Mouse Model

Various particulate matter (PM) samples were tested for their adjuvant potency in an animal model of allergy (ovalbumin) in the European Union study entitled “ Respiratory Allergy and Inflammation Due to Ambient Particles. ” Coarse and fine ambient particles were collected during spring, summer, and winter in Rome, Oslo, Lodz, Amsterdam, and De Zilk. De Zilk, at the Dutch seaside, has mainly westerly winds and served as a negative pollution control. EHC-93 (Ottawa dust) was used as a positive control. We studied the adjuvant potency of the particle antibody responses to ovalbumin and histopathological changes in the lung. After a sensitization phase by coexposure to EHC-93 and ovalbumin, the antibody response to ovalbumin and inflammatory responses in the lung were huge. There was more adjuvant activity in reaction to 9-mg/ml samples than to 3-mg/ml samples. A best-fit analysis of these samples shows that the ambient coarse and fine particles at these sites, in combination with allergens, have severe to mild adjuvant activity in the order Lodz, Rome, Oslo, and Amsterdam. A high dose of the fine fraction was more potent than a high dose of the coarse fraction, except at De Zilk, where the reverse was true. Spring and winter PM was more potent than summer PM. Depending on the site, either a water-soluble or a water-insoluble fraction was responsible for the adjuvant activity. A concentration of 3 mg/ml is effective for screening high-activity samples, as is a concentration of 9 mg/ml for screening low-activity samples in the ovalbumin–mouse model.
Mining for offender group detection and story of a police operation

Since discovery of an underlying organisational structure from crime data leads the investigation to terrorist cells or organised crime groups, detecting covert networks are important to crime investigation. As shown in application of Offender Group Detection Model (OGDM), which is developed and tested on a theft network in Bursa, Turkey, use of effective data mining methods can reveal offender groups. OGDM detected seven ruling members of twenty network members. Based on initial findings of OGDM; thirty-four offenders are considered to be in a single offender group where seven of them were ruling members. After Operation Cash was launched, the police arrested the seven detected ruling members, and confirmed that the real crime network was consisting of 20 members of which 3 whom had never been previously identified or arrested. The police arrested 17 people, recovered worth U.S. $ 200,000 of stolen goods, and cash worth U.S. $ 180,000.
VEGF-induced permeability increase is mediated by caveolae.

PURPOSE To determine the cellular route by which vascular endothelial cell growth factor (VEGF) increases the permeability of cultured retinal endothelial cells and to test whether nitric oxide (NO) production by NO synthase (NOS) is involved in signaling VEGF's permeability enhancing effects. METHODS Cultured bovine retinal microvascular endothelial (BRE) cells were used for bioassay of permeability function and its ultrastructural correlates. The role of NOS activity in VEGF's permeability enhancing effects was tested with the use of an NOS inhibitor. Because activity of endothelial NOS (eNOS) is thought to be regulated by its interaction with the caveolar protein caveolin-1, structural relationships between eNOS, caveolin-1, and the VEGF receptor FIk-1/KDR were analyzed with double-label immunofluorescence and cell fractionation procedures. RESULTS Bioassays of permeability function and structure demonstrated that VEGF increases permeability of cultured BRE cells by an NOS-dependent process of transcytotic transport in caveolae. Double-label analysis showed that Flk-1/KDR and eNOS colocalize with caveolin-1 in plasma membrane caveolae. Cell fractionation and immunoblot analysis confirmed this effect. Densitometry showed that Flk-1/KDR, eNOS, and caveolin-1 levels were highest in caveolar fractions. Similar results were obtained in studies with bovine aortic endothelial cells. CONCLUSIONS These results demonstrate that VEGF increases endothelial cell permeability by an eNOS-dependent mechanism of transcytosis in caveolae. Localization of Flk-1/KDR and eNOS with caveolin-1 suggests that VEGF signaling occurs within the caveolar compartment.
do_x3dna: a tool to analyze structural fluctuations of dsDNA or dsRNA from molecular dynamics simulations

The do_x3dna package has been developed to analyze the structural fluctuations of DNA or RNA during molecular dynamics simulations. It extends the capability of the 3DNA package to GROMACS MD trajectories and includes new methods to calculate the global-helical axis of DNA and bending fluctuations during simulations. The package also includes a Python module dnaMD to perform and visualize statistical analyses of complex data obtained from the trajectories.
Attachment organization and history of suicidal behavior in clinical adolescents.

One hundred thirty-three adolescents in psychiatric treatment participated in a case-comparison study investigating the association of attachment patterns with a history of suicidal behaviors. The comparison group comprised 64 adolescents who had never experienced suicidal ideation or behaviors; the case group included 69 adolescents with histories of suicidal behavior (n = 53) and severe suicidal ideation (n =16). Attachment patterns were assessed using the Adult Attachment Interview. In accordance with definitions provided in the scoring system, 86% of case and 78% of comparison adolescents in psychiatric treatment had experienced attachment-related trauma. Lapses in the monitoring of reasoning or discourse occurred during the attempted discussion of these events in 73% of adolescents in the case group but in only 44% of adolescents in the clinical comparison group (p = .002), suggesting that cognitive disorganization may be an important variable mediating between traumatic experience and suicidal behavior. Female adolescents and older adolescents were significantly more likely than other adolescents to be in the case group. Preoccupied attachment, in interaction with unresolved-disorganized attachment, was associated with the case group, whereas dismissing attachment was associated with the comparison group.
Conspiracy Theories in a Networked World

ABSTRACTThe arrangements characteristic of systems of networked governance are likely to generate conspiracy theories because they rely on informal rather than formal structures of power. A formal hierarchy may be resented, but it is understood by those affected by it; in network systems, by contrast, it is often hard to determine who is in charge, even though such systems can heavily influence or even determine important social outcomes. While conspiracy theories may be motivated by many factors, in a world in which informal norms and the decisions of networked elites play a large role, we should expect to see a continued and increasing preoccupation with alleged conspiracies. Some allegations of conspiracy may even function as cognitive shortcuts—“as-if” conspiracies—which apply a cui bono style of reasoning to make sense of otherwise opaque modes of social control.
The Impact of Helping Behavior on Outgroup Infrahumanization

Infrahumanization research has verified that in intergroup contexts, there is a strong tendency to attribute secondary emotions, which are uniquely human, to the ingroup, while limiting that attribution in outgroups. Experiments have shown it to be as common as ingroup bias. However, it is not yet known what characteristics may mitigate this trend. This paper presents two studies. The first analyzes the impact of helping behavior on attributions of human traits to two fictitious groups. The second study's objective was to determine if members of the Spanish ingroup would infrahumanize an Ethiopian outgroup less when that outgroup performs prosocial behavior towards another group. Infrahumanization was determined by a lexical decision task, using the names of ingroup and outgroup members as priming. The results demonstrate that describing a fictitious group in altruistic terms increases their human profile (experiment one) and reduces infrahumanization (experiment two). Los estudios sobre infrahumanización han confirmado que hay una sólida tendencia en los escenarios intergrupales a atribuir al endogrupo la capacidad de experimentar sentimientos, una emoción exclusivamente humana, a la vez que se restringe esa posibilidad a los exogrupos. Aunque se trata de un fenómeno tan común como el favoritismo endogrupal, aún se sabe muy poco sobre las características que pueden atenuar esta tendencia. En este artículo se presentan dos investigaciones. En la primera se estudia el impacto de la conducta de ayuda en la atribución de rasgos humanos a dos grupos ficticios. El objetivo de la segunda fue determinar si hay una menor infrahumanización del exogrupo etíope, frente al endogrupo españoles cuando aquel lleva a cabo una conducta prosocial respecto a otro grupo. La infrahumanización se determinó mediante una tarea de decisión léxica empleando como priming nombres de miembros del endogrupo y del exogrupo. Los resultados muestran que describir en términos altruistas a un grupo ficticio incrementa su perfil humano (experimento uno) y reduce su infrahumanización (experimento dos).
Novelty, attention, and challenges for developmental psychology

In this brief essay, I seek to demonstrate the significance of exploratory behavior for understanding cognitive development. Historically, organisms were thought to act solely in the service of achieving biologically significant goals, such as satisfying thirst, hunger, and reproductive drives. However, it became apparent that both animals and humans engage in behavior where the adaptive goal is unclear (see Hunt, 1963, 1965). With no obvious external target, this activity is best described as being intrinsically motivated, and often directed toward the unknown and the unexpected (Kagan, 2002). Hence novelty, the discrepancy between what is known and what is discovered, can elicit activity and exploration of the environment. What is the relevance to developmental process? Attention to novelty plays a seemingly simple role in learning and development, directing the senses toward what is as yet unknown. Yet, research shows that patterns of attention to novelty are not straightforward, particularly during infancy. There is considerable evidence that attention is sometimes biased toward familiarity, rather than novelty. Unlike our understanding of novelty preference, we struggle to understand when and why familiarity preferences occur. Below I briefly review this area of research and illustrate how this basic aspect of learning continues to puzzle developmental psychologists.
Generation of Full-Length cDNAs for Eight Putative GPCnR from the Cattle Tick, R. microplus Using a Targeted Degenerate PCR and Sequencing Strategy

We describe here a rapid and efficient method for the targeted isolation of specific members of gene families without the need for cloning. Using this strategy we isolated full length cDNAs for eight putative G-protein coupled neurotransmitter receptors (GPCnR) from the cattle tick Rhipicephalus (Boophilus) microplus. Gene specific degenerate primers were designed using aligned amino acid sequences of similar receptor types from several insect and arachnid species. These primers were used to amplify and sequence a section of the target gene. Rapid amplification of cDNA ends (RACE) PCR was used to generate full length cDNA sequences. Phylogenetic analysis placed 7 of these sequences into Class A G-protein coupled receptors (GPCR) (Rm_α2AOR, Rm_β2AOR, Rm_Dop1R, Rm_Dop2R, Rm_INDR, Rm_5-HT7R and Rm_mAchR), and one into Class C GPCR (Rm_GABABR). Of the 7 Class A sequences, only Rm_mAchR is not a member of the biogenic amine receptor family. The isolation of these putative receptor sequences provides an opportunity to gain an understanding of acaricide resistance mechanisms such as amitraz resistance and might suggest possibilities for the development of new acaricides.
Schottky-contact gated-four-probe a-Si:H TFT structure: a new structure to investigate the electrical instability of a-Si:H TFT

In this letter, we describe a new device structure, the Schottky-contact (SC) gated-four-probe (GFP) hydrogenated amorphous silicon (a-Si:H) thin-film transistor (TFT) structure, that can be used to study the electrical instability of a-Si:H TFTs induced by bias-temperature-stress (BTS). In this SC-GFP TFT structure, the evolution of both electron and hole conduction characteristics can he studied before and after BTS without the influence of source-drain contacts. We observed that low-bias negative stress induces a reduction in the deep-gap state density, while high-bias negative stress mainly causes trapping of holes in the gate-insulator. On the other hand, positive BTS induces mainly the trapping of electrons in the gate-insulator, which causes positive shifts of both electron and hole conduction characteristics.
Product of the Environment: efeitos de interação entre preditores contextuais e individuais de intolerância social na Europa

O artigo analisa indicadores de intolerância social na Europa. O objetivo e testar efeitos de moderacao entre preditores individuais e contextuais num modelo de regressao para indicadores de intolerância social.O material empirico consiste nos resultados da vaga de 2008 do European Value Studies . As hipoteses foram testadas com recurso ao software HLM. Confirmou-se a existencia de dois efeitos de moderacao: (i) entre o sentimento de ameaca e a dimensao do habitat e (ii) entre a longevidade e o suporte a democracia. Embora o tema da tolerância social ja tenha sido vastamente estudado, sao poucos os trabalhos que estudam esse fenomeno numa analise multinivel, e menor ainda os que testam efeitos de moderacao. Sugere-se a procura por novos efeitos de moderacao na explicacao da intolerância social.