Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Quantitative PCR-Enhanced Immunoassay for Measurement of Enteroviral Immunoglobulin M Antibody and Diagnosis of Aseptic Meningitis

ABSTRACT A PCR-enhanced immunoassay (PIA) to detect enterovirus (EV) immunoglobulin M (IgM) for diagnosis of recent EV infection was recently developed. This test was compared with another EV IgM capture technique, the solid-phase reverse immunosorbent test (SPRIST). Fourteen of 43 serum samples from aseptic meningitis patients were positive by PIA, whereas 10 were positive by SPRIST. One of 39 control serum samples was weakly positive by PIA. A single-serum-dilution real-time PCR-based PIA for EV IgM (quantitative PIA [QPIA]) was also developed and evaluated against PIA, SPRIST, an EV IgM radioimmunoassay (RIA), and clinical data. A mixture of 12 EVs was used as the antigen. Results from investigating four groups of serum samples were as follows. (i) The nine PIA-positive serum samples in group 1 were all positive by QPIA. (ii) Group 2 consisted of 59 serum samples from aseptic meningitis patients. Nineteen of 30 serum samples (63%) taken at hospital admission were positive by QPIA. Of these, 17 were positive in EV PCR. (iii) None of the 30 control serum samples in group 3 were positive by QPIA. (iv) For the 24 serum samples in group 4, of which 11 were positive and 13 were negative by RIA, the QPIA results were completely concordant. The sensitivity and specificity of QPIA for diagnosis of EV infection were 70 and 80%, respectively. QPIA provides a rational strategy for the detection of EV IgM, allows the use of viral antigens with minimal purification, and needs no virus-specific reagents apart from those in the PCR. QPIA is a generally applicable method for the detection of viral IgM in IgM capture assays.
Julia and John revisited

We show that Fatou components of a semi-hyperbolic rational map are John domains and that the converse does not hold. This generalizes a famous result of Carleson, Jones and Yoccoz. We show that a connected Julia set is locally connected for a large class of non-uniformly hyperbolic rational maps. This class is more general than semi-hyperbolicity and includes Collet-Eckmann and Topological Collet-Eckmann maps and maps verifying a summability condition (as considered by Graczyk and Smirnov).
No-reflow: again prevention is better than treatment.

Primary percutaneous coronary intervention (PPCI) is the preferred reperfusion strategy for treating acute ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI). The main goals are to restore epicardial infarct-related artery patency and achieve microvascular reperfusion as early as possible, thus limiting the extent of irreversibly injured (necrotic) myocardium.1 Angiographic assessment of myocardial blood flow is reported as thrombolysis in myocardial infarction (TIMI) flow, and although TIMI flow grade relates to outcome, even in the presence of TIMI-3 flow tissue level perfusion can still be disturbed as measured by other indexes such as corrected TIMI frame count (cTFC) or more invasive measures of coronary blood flow. Thus, depending on how it is measured, inadequate tissue level reperfusion can occur in up to 50% of cases. No-reflow is the term used to describe inadequate myocardial perfusion of a given coronary segment without angiographic evidence of mechanical vessel obstruction.2 Despite optimal evidence-based PPCI, myocardial no-reflow can still occur, negating many of the benefits of restoring culprit vessel patency, and is associated with a worse in-hospital and long-term prognosis.2 It is important to outline that no-reflow is only one of the four types of cardiac dysfunction (myocardial stunning, no-reflow, reperfusion arrhythmias, and lethal reperfusion injury) caused by myocardial reperfusion as recently summarized by Yellon and Hausenloy,3 and it refers to the high impedance of microvascular blood flow encountered during opening of the infarct-related coronary artery. In this manuscript, we concentrate on the processes of no-reflow while recognizing the relationships with reperfusion injury and the complexity of each of the interactions involved. The multifactorial nature of no-reflow has been summarized recently into four interacting processes: ischaemic injury, reperfusion injury, distal embolization, and susceptibility of microcirculation to injury ( Figure 1 ). 4 Ischaemia–reperfusion (IR) injury is central to the pathophysiology of no-reflow and is associated …
An agenda for open hypermedia research

The historical development of hypermedia systems can be characterized as a series of successive abstractions of functionality away from the "core" hypermedia server, often resulting in a new open layer in the hypermedia environment architecture. Recently, this trend of abstraction has been applied to the hypermedia server itself, replacing the notion of a single, closed hypermedia server with an open layer of structure server components. This newest development brings with it a new set of challenges and research issues for open hypermedia researchers. In this paper, we discuss these issues, review some of our collective applicable experience with contemporary open hypermedia systems and other work, and point out some of the more pressing and intriguing open questions that we feel are facing open hypermedia researchers today. We also examine the "split" in the current hypermedia research community between "system" and "domain" researchers and the still-present need for interoperability among systems, and discuss why any attempt to address the issues we discuss in this paper must account for these observations.
Miniaturization and Reduction of Mutual Coupling Between Antennas Arrays Using DGS and Planar EBG Structures

As the size of the antenna often has a significant influence on overall dimensions of the wireless system, its reduction in size becomes a significant challenge. The objective of this chapter is to present new contributions made for reducing the size of the antenna array while maintaining excellent performance. An overview of the antenna array is introduced. Then, two designed and fabricated antenna arrays with compact size and good performances are exposed. The first microstrip patch antenna array is miniaturized using a novel shape of defected ground structure (DGS) etched in the ground plane of each radiating element of the antenna array. While the second one is two antenna arrays which are separated by two magnetic walls of a planar compact electromagnetic band gap (EBG) structure, with the aim to miniature and to reduce the mutual coupling between them, keeping both the antenna arrays separation smaller than 0. 6λ5. 8GHz. A full-wave electromagnetic analysis had achieved to evaluate the electrical performances of the proposed structures by using HFSS and CST-MWS.
Word Segmentation Algorithms with Lexical Resources for Hashtag Classification

We present a novel method for classifying hashtag types. Specifically, we apply word segmentation algorithms and lexical resources in order to classify two types of hashtags: those with sentiment information and those without. However, the complex structure of hashtags increases the difficulty of identifying sentiment information. In order to solve this problem, we segment hashtags into smaller semantic units using word segmentation algorithms in conjunction with lexical resources to classify hashtag types. Our experimental results demonstrate that our approach achieves a 14% increase in accuracy over baseline methods for identifying hashtags with sentiment information. Additionally, we achieve over 94% recall using this hashtag type for the subjectivity detection of tweets.
Effect of preculture and loading on expression of matrix molecules, matrix metalloproteinases, and cytokines by expanded osteoarthritic chondrocytes.

OBJECTIVE One of the pathologic changes that occurs during osteoarthritis (OA) is the degeneration of the pericellular matrix (PCM). Since the PCM is likely to be involved in mechanotransduction, this study was undertaken to investigate the effects of PCM-like matrix accumulation in zonal OA chondrocytes and their influence on chondrocyte response to compression. METHODS Superficial and middle/deep zone chondrocytes from macroscopically normal cartilage of OA knees were expanded and encapsulated in alginate gels. The effects of compression (short-term or long-term) and preculture on chondrocyte expression of various matrix molecules, cytokines, and matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) were assessed. Additionally, nonexpanded chondrocytes were encapsulated in alginate and cultured in the presence or absence of transforming growth factor β1 (TGFβ1) and dexamethasone and analyzed following short-term compression experiments. RESULTS Expanded OA chondrocytes (superficial and middle/deep zone) that were precultured for 2 weeks under free-swelling conditions prior to dynamic compression responded more sensitively to loading and had increased matrix accumulation, increased interleukin-1β (IL-1β) and IL-4 levels, and decreased levels of MMP-2 (in the middle/deep zone) compared to the nonloaded controls. Compression also decreased MMP-3 and MMP-13 levels even without preculture. Nonexpanded chondrocytes did not respond to compression, but differences in gene expression were found depending on the zone of harvest, time in culture, and medium composition. CONCLUSION Our findings demonstrate that with predeposited PCM-like matrix, compressive stimulation can enhance matrix protein accumulation in expanded OA chondrocytes. Investigations into how PCM or other matrix components differentially affect this balance under mechanical loading may provide invaluable insight into OA pathogenesis and the use of expanded cells in tissue engineering and regenerative medicine-based applications.
Role of CYP2E1 in Ethanol-Induced Oxidant Stress, Fatty Liver and Hepatotoxicity

Background/Aims: Several pathways contribute to mechanisms by which ethanol induces oxidant stress. While some studies support a role for cytochrome P450 2E1 (CYP2E1), others do not. There is a need to develop oral models of significant ethanol-induced liver injury and to evaluate the possible role of CYP2E1 in ethanol actions in such models. Methods: We evaluated chronic ethanol-induced liver injury, steatosis and oxidant stress in wild-type (WT) mice, CYP2E1 knockout (KO) mice and in humanized CYP2E1 knockin (KI) mice, where the human 2E1 was added back to mice deficient in the mouse 2E1. WT mice and CYP2E1 KO and KI mice (both provided by Dr. F. Gonzalez, NCI) were fed a high-fat Lieber-DeCarli liquid diet for 3 weeks; pair-fed controls received dextrose. Results: Ethanol produced fatty liver and oxidant stress in WT mice, but liver injury (transaminases, histopathology) was minimal. Ethanol-induced steatosis and oxidant stress were blunted in the KO mice (no liver injury) but restored in the KI mice. Significant liver injury was produced in the ethanol-fed KI mice with elevated transaminases and necrosis. This liver injury in the KI mice was associated with elevated oxidant stress and elevated levels of the human CYP2E1 compared to levels of the mouse 2E1 in WT mice. Activation of JNK was observed in the ethanol-fed KI mice compared to the other groups. Fatty liver in WT and KI mice was associated with lower levels of lipolytic PPAR-α. No such changes were found in the ethanol-fed KO mice. Conclusions: These results show that CYP2E1 plays a major role in ethanol-induced fatty liver and oxidant stress. Restoring CYP2E1 in the CYP2E1 KO mice restores ethanol-induced fatty liver and oxidant stress.
Uncertainty Quantification of Microstructure—Governed Properties of Polysilicon MEMS

In this paper, we investigate the stochastic effects of the microstructure of polysilicon films on the overall response of microelectromechanical systems (MEMS). A device for on-chip testing has been purposely designed so as to maximize, in compliance with the production process, its sensitivity to fluctuations of the microstructural properties; as a side effect, its sensitivity to geometrical imperfections linked to the etching process has also been enhanced. A reduced-order, coupled electromechanical model of the device is developed and an identification procedure, based on a genetic algorithm, is finally adopted to tune the parameters ruling microstructural and geometrical uncertainties. Besides an initial geometrical imperfection that can be considered specimen-dependent due to its scattering, the proposed procedure has allowed identifying an average value of the effective polysilicon Young’s modulus amounting to 140 GPa, and of the over-etch depth with respect to the target geometry layout amounting to O=−0.09 μm. The procedure has been therefore shown to be able to assess how the studied stochastic effects are linked to the scattering of the measured input–output transfer function of the device under standard working conditions. With a continuous trend in miniaturization induced by the mass production of MEMS, this study can provide information on how to handle the foreseen growth of such scattering.
Relationship between the deep peroneal nerve and dorsalis pedis artery in the foot: A cadaveric study

The aim of our work was to study the relationship between deep peroneal nerve (DPN) and dorsalis pedis artery (DPA) so that the frequency of these variations can be kept in mind by the angiographers and surgeons to ensure safe surgical approach during flap surgery. Ninety‐two legs in 46 cadavers were dissected to study the relationship between DPN and DPA on the dorsum of the foot. The relationship of neurovascular bundle of the dorsum of the foot was classified into four types. Type I: division of the DPN distal to the midpoint between the two malleoli (observed in 26 limbs). In Type II, the division of the DPN was midway between the two malleoli (seen in 20 limbs). Both Type I and II are further divided into two subtypes (a and b) depending upon the crossing pattern of terminal branches of the DPN over DPA. In Type III, multiple branches of DPN were noted in two limbs. In Type IV, the looping pattern of DPN around the DPA was considered and was seen in eight limbs. Awareness of possible variations in the relationship of the DPA to DPN on the dorsum of the foot is important for vascular and reconstructive surgeons. Because it might help in decreasing confusion when considering treatment options like microvascular anastomosis in reconstruction of the leg. Clin. Anat. 21:705–712, 2008. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Nonisolated DC–DC Converters With Wide Conversion Range for High-Power Applications

This paper presents the conception of a family of dc–dc converters with wide conversion range (WCR) based on the multistate switching cell (MSSC) for high-power, high-current applications. The resulting topologies allow achieving high-voltage step-up/step-down in a modular approach, as the WCR-MSSC cell is obtained by using isolated secondary windings coupled to the autotransformer of the MSSC with series-connected controlled rectifiers. Depending on the transformer turns ratio, it is possible to adjust the static gain and reduce the voltage stresses across the main switches, thus allowing the use of metal–oxide–semiconductor field-effect transistors (MOSFETs) with low on-resistance $R_{\mathrm {DS}(\mathrm{\scriptscriptstyle ON})}$ , as efficiency is improved as a consequence of minimized conduction losses. A dc–dc boost-type converter based on the four-state switching cell is also implemented, thoroughly analyzed, and evaluated experimentally to demonstrate the advantages associated with the proposed approach in the conception of novel dc–dc converter topologies for this purpose.
Authors, editors, and the signs, symptoms and causes of plagiarism

Plagiarism and inadequate citing appear to have reached epidemic proportions in research publication. This article discusses how plagiarism is defined and suggests some possible causes for the increase in the plagiarism disease. Most editors do not have much tolerance for text re-use with inadequate citation regardless of reasons why words are copied from other sources without correct attribution. However, there is now some awareness that re-use of words in research articles to improve the writing or “the English” (which has become a common practice) should be distinguished from intentional deceit for the purpose of stealing other authors’ ideas (which appears to remain a very rare practice). Although it has become almost as easy for editors to detect duplicate text as it is for authors to re-use text from other sources, editors often fail to consider the reasons why researchers resort to this strategy, and tend to consider any text duplication as a symptom of serious misconduct. As a result, some authors may be stigmatized unfairly by being labeled as plagiarists. The article concludes with practical advice for researchers on how to improve their writing and citing skills and thus avoid accusations of plagiarism.
Moral Distress Reconsidered

Moral distress has received much attention in the international nursing literature in recent years. In this article, we describe the evolution of the concept of moral distress among nursing theorists from its initial delineation by the philosopher Jameton to its subsequent deployment as an umbrella concept describing the impact of moral constraints on health professionals and the patients for whom they care. The article raises worries about the way in which the concept of moral distress has been portrayed in some nursing research and expresses concern about the fact that research, so far, has been largely confined to determining the prevalence of experiences of moral distress among nurses. We conclude by proposing a reconsideration, possible reconstruction and multidisciplinary approach to understanding the experiences of all health professionals who have to make difficult moral judgements and decisions in complex situations.
Effects of Withania somnifera (Ashwagandha) and Terminalia arjuna (Arjuna) on physical performance and cardiorespiratory endurance in healthy young adults

Introduction: Several medicinal plants have been described to be beneficial for cardiac ailments in Ayurveda like Ashwagandha and Arjuna. Ashwagandha-categorised as Rasayanas, and described to promote health and longevity and Arjuna primarily for heart ailments. coronary artery disease, heart failure, hypercholesterolemia, anginal pain and can be considered as a useful drug for coronary artery disease, hypertension and ischemic cardiomyopathy. Objective: There are no scientific clinical studies showing effect of both these drugs on exercise performance after regular administration when given as supplements The present study was therefore designed and performed to assess the effects of Withania somnifera (Ashwagandha) and Terminalia arjuna (Arjuna) individually and as a combination on maximum velocity, average absolute and relative Power, balance, maximum oxygen consumption (VO2 max) and blood pressure in humans. Materials and Methods: Forty normal healthy. Subjects (either sex, mean age 20.6 ± 2.5yrs and mean Body Mass Index 21.9 ± 2.2) were recruited after written informed consent was obtained. Institutional Ethics Committee permission was also obtained. Thirty participants were assigned to experimental group of which 10 received standardized root extracts of Withania somnifera, 10 received standardized bark extract of Terminalia arjuna and the rest of the 10 received standardized root extract of Withania somnifera in addition to bark extract of Terminalia arjuna both. Both the drugs were given in the form of capsules (dosage 500mg/day for both the drugs). Ten participants received placebo (capsules filled with flour). All the subjects continued the regimen for 8 weeks. All variables were assessed before and after the course of drug administration Observations: Our study showed that Withania somnifera increased velocity, power and VO2 max whereas Terminalia arjuna increased VO2 max and lowered resting systolic blood pressure. When given in combination, the improvement was seen in all parameters except balance and diastolic blood pressure. Conclusion: Withania somnifera may therefore be useful for generalized weakness and to improve speed and lower limb muscular strength and neuro-muscular co-ordination. Terminalia arjuna may prove useful to improve cardio-vascular endurance and lowering systolic blood pressure. Both drugs appear to be safe for young adults when given for mentioned dosage and duration.
Synergistic Inhibition Effect of Tumor Growth by Using Celecoxib in Combination With Oxaliplatin

Background: To evaluate the effects of celecoxib, in combination with oxaliplatin, on tumour growth, cell apoptosis and angiogenesis in nude mice models. Materials and Methods: Xenograft mice model of colon cancer was established using the BALB/c nude mice. Medicine was administered respectively in different groups. Tumour volumes, the expression level of survivin, beta-catenin, VEGF mRNA level, the microvessel density and cell apoptosis were measured. Results: Celecoxib, oxaliplatin and combination use caused a tumour inhibition of 35%, 31% and 63% respectively. Compared with control group, a significant redation of angiogenesis and the levels of COX-2, survivin and beta-cantenin protein, and increase of cell apoptosis were detected in tumors in celecoxib group. Celecoxib in combination with oxaliplatin could further promote cell apoptosis and reduce beta-catenin protein expression. Conclusion: Celecoxib could inhibit tumor growth and enhance the antitumor effects of oxaliplatin through their synergistic role in inhibiting different targets.