Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Electrical Stimulation of the Mammillary Nuclei Increases Seizure Threshold to Pentylenetetrazol in Rats

Summary: High‐frequency electrical stimulation of mammillary nuclei (MN) of rat posterior hypothalamus resulted in a significant increase in seizure threshold induced by pentylenetetrazol (PTZ). The anticonvulsant effect was frequency and intensity specific. Stimulation at 100 Hz (1–5V, 30–200 μA) afforded protection against EEG and behavioral manifestations of PTZ seizures. Stimulation of either low frequency (5 Hz), high intensities (8–20 V, 300–800 μA), or outside the histologically verified MN target region did not increase seizure threshold. In some instances, high‐intensity stimulation of MN alone elicited spike‐wave epileptiform EEG activity accompanied by either arrest of behavior or myoclonic seizures. In animals with ongoing seizure activity, electrical stimulation of MN disrupted the high‐voltage synchronous wave forms on cortical EEG. These data support the concept that electrical perturbation of MN in hypothalamus may functionally inhibit generalization of paroxysmal activity required for expression of the EEG and, in particular, the behavioral component of PTZ seizures. These studies provide additional insight into forebrain‐brainstem interactions mediating generalized seizure expression.
Collaborative Learning Automata-Based Routing for Rescue Operations in Dense Urban Regions Using Vehicular Sensor Networks

In vehicular sensor networks (VSNs), an increase in the density of the vehicles on road and route jamming in the network causes delay in receiving the emergency alerts, which results in overall system performance degradation. In order to address this issue in VSNs deployed in dense urban regions, in this paper, we propose collaborative learning automata-based routing algorithm for sending information to the intended destination with minimum delay and maximum throughput. The learning automata (LA) stationed at the nearest access points (APs) in the network learn from their past experience and make routing decisions quickly. The proposed strategy consists of dividing the whole region into different clusters, based on which an optimized path is selected using collaborative LA having input parameters as vehicle density, distance from the nearest service unit, and delay. A theoretical expression for density estimation is derived, which is used for the selection of the “best” path by LA. The performance of the proposed scheme is evaluated with respect to metrics such as packet delivery delay (network delay), packet delivery ratio with varying node (vehicle) speed, transmission range, density of vehicle, and number of road side units/APs). The results obtained show that the proposed scheme performs better than the benchmark chosen in this study, as there is a 30% reduction in network delay and a 20% increase in packet delivery ratio.
Data-driven Parsing using PLCFRS Data-driven Parsing using Probabilistic Linear Context-Free Rewriting Systems

This paper presents the ﬁrst efﬁcient implementation of a weighted deductive CYK parser for Probabilistic Linear Context-Free Rewriting Systems (PLCFRS). LCFRS, an extension of CFG, can describe discontinuities in a straightforward way and is therefore a natural candidate to be used for data-driven parsing. To speed up parsing, we use different context-summary estimates of parse items, some of them allowing for A ∗ parsing. We evaluate our parser with grammars extracted from the German NeGra treebank. Our experiments show that data-driven LCFRS parsing is feasible and yields output of competitive quality
Depression, APOE genotype and subjective memory impairment: a cross-sectional study in an African-Caribbean population

Background. Subjective memory impairment (SMI) is common in older populations but its aetiology and clinical significance is uncertain. Depression has been reported to be strongly associated with SMI. Associations with objective cognitive impairment are less clear cut. Other factors suggested to be associated with SMI include poor physical health and the apolipoprotein E (APOE) ε4 allele. Studies of SMI have been predominantly confined to white Caucasian populations. Method. A community study was carried out in a UK African-Caribbean population aged 55–75, sampled from primary care lists. Twenty-three per cent were classified with SMI. Depression was defined using the 10-item Geriatric Depression Scale. Other aetiological factors investigated were education, objective cognitive function, APOE genotype, disablement and vascular disease/risk. The principal analysis was restricted to 243 participants scoring > 20 on the Mini-Mental State Examination (85%). A second analysis included all 290 participants. Results. Depression, self-reported physical impairment and APOE ε4 were associated with SMI. The association between SMI and physical impairment was not explained by depression, vascular disease/risk, or disability/handicap. The association between ε4 and SMI increased as MMSE scores decreased and was particularly strong in those with depression. The ε4 allele was present in 69% (95% CI 41–89%) of those with depression and SMI compared with 28% (20–36%) of those with neither. Conclusions. Depression may not be a sufficient explanation for subjective memory complaints. Memory complaints in the presence of depression are associated with high prevalence of ε4 and therefore, presumably, a raised risk of subsequent dementia.
Growth regulation by Dpp: an essential role for Brinker and a non-essential role for graded signaling levels

Morphogens can control organ development by regulating patterning as well as growth. Here we use the model system of the Drosophila wing imaginal disc to address how the patterning signal Decapentaplegic (Dpp) regulates cell proliferation. Contrary to previous models, which implicated the slope of the Dpp gradient as an essential driver of cell proliferation, we find that the juxtaposition of cells with differential pathway activity is not required for proliferation. Additionally, our results demonstrate that, as is the case for patterning, Dpp controls wing growth entirely via repression of the target gene brinker (brk). The Dpp-Brk system converts an inherently uneven growth program, with excessive cell proliferation in lateral regions and low proliferation in medial regions, into a spatially homogeneous profile of cell divisions throughout the disc.
Infections with Viruses and Mycoplasma pneumoniae during Exacerbations of Chronic Bronchitis

Abstract The association of viral and Mycoplasma pneumoniae infections with acute exacerbations of chronic bronchitis was studied by serologic or isolation techniques in 46 adult men during the five years from 1964 through 1968. Serologic evidence of viral or M. pneumoniae infection was detected in 25% of 166 episodes of exacerbation and 14% of 138 remission periods (P = 0.02). Influenza A virus, parainfluenza virus type 3, and coronavirus OC43 predominated; infections with other viruses were infrequent. Infection with M. pneumoniae was detected serologically in four patients, but this organism was never isolated from sputum specimens. Rhinoviruses were isolated from frozen-stored sputum specimens in 2.7% of the episodes of exacerbation and from 0.55% of the remission intervals (P not significant). These data suggest that although exacerbations of chronic bronchitis may be accompanied by viral and M. pneumoniae infections, patients with chronic bronchitis also acquire such infections without a worsening of their respiratory status.
Use of Simulated Multidisciplinary Treatment Teams and Client Actors to Teach Case Conceptualization and Treatment Planning Skills

The authors describe instructional methods used to teach compre­ hensive and individualized case conceptualization and treatment plan­ ning in a graduate-level Advanced Counseling Procedures course. Students participate in a theory-driven. simulated multidisciplinary treatment team and meet with recruited client actors to bring "to life" the process of integrating multiple clinical perspectives into a cohesive service plan for a client. Feedback from students and rec­ ommendations for course enhancement are provided. Comprehensive. individualized case conceptualization can be easily overlooked in favor of expedient diagnostic categorization to man­ age large client caseloads. Faced with restrictions on resources and the demand of funding sources to provide clients with imme­ diate services. counselors may use standardized clinical profiling to expedite the process of care. This lack of individualized care has been identified as a failure of the community mental health move­ ment in the United States today (Hadley, Turk, Vasko, & McGurrin, 1997). Mumma (2001) identified such practice as highlighting a difference between nomothetic-aggregate and intraindividual­ idiographic approaches: The former uses structure and quantifi­ cation to capture common characteristics among persons designated within a particular group; the latter isolates and exposes the unique or idiosyncratic characteristics of an individual. The idiographic approach to case conceptualization is ernpha­ Sized in a graduate-level Advanced Counseling Procedures course in an effort to teach students the process of constructing individu­ alized and realistic treatment plans for clients. Experiential meth­ ods used to accomplish this task are (a) assignment of students to simulated multidisciplinary treatment teams. with each team re­ sponsible for devising a comprehensive case conceptualization and treatment plan for an assigned and shared client and (b) recruit­ ment of actors to portray the client (hereinafter referred to as cli­ ent actors) in the assigned cases and to meet with their respective treatment teams on three occasions during the semester.
Applied Economics Workshop Business 33610 Spring Quarter 2012 "dynamic Pricing Behavior in Perishable Goods Markets: Evidence from Secondary Markets for Major League Baseball Tickets" Dynamic Pricing Behavior in Perishable Goods Markets: Evidence from Secondary Markets for Major League Baseball Tick

Sellers of perishable goods increasingly use dynamic pricing strategies as technology makes it easier to change prices and track inventory. This paper tests how accurately theoretical models of dynamic pricing describe sellers' pricing behavior in secondary markets for event tickets, which are a classic example of a perishable good. It shows that some of the simplest dynamic pricing models describe seller behavior very accurately, and they explain why sellers cut prices dramatically, by 40% or more, as an event approaches. The estimates also imply that dynamic pricing is valuable, raising the average seller's expected payoff by around 16%. Wolfers and numerous seminar participants for comments that have greatly improved the paper. All remaining errors are my own. A National Science Foundation grant (SES 0850441) supported this research.
College Bound Filmmakers: The Journey to a Screening

This pre-college filmmaking class represents the writing process in a setting that acknowledges multiple forms of representation for effective communication. Students were introduced to the skills used by filmmakers and encouraged to write, script, design, edit and cast their productions for a final screening five weeks after they began their journey in the college-bound program. Evidence of their growth as writers and producers is given in their testimony to the new levels of awareness of the way in which they have improved as writers and artists. This project is a signal that the writing process can be revamped to meet the standards of media literate adolescents in the pre-college environment. Academic programs that value student talent in its many forms are encouraged to give the time, expertise, and support necessary to bring the filmmaking arts to the pre-college youth in their charge.
A Survey of Hash Tables with Summaries for IP Lookup Applications

Efficient IPv6 packet forwarding is still a major bottleneck in todays networks. Especially in the internet core we are faced with very large routing tables and a high number of high-speed links. In addition economical restrains exist in terms of manufacturing and operation costs. So demand is high for efficient IPv6 packet forwarding mechanisms. In the last few years a lot of work has been done on hash tables and summaries that allow compact representations and constant lookup time. The features sound attractive for IPv6 routing, thus a survey and evaluation of these data structures seems appropriate.
Multiple Object Individuation and Exact Enumeration

Exact computation of numerosity requires the selective individuation of the elements to be enumerated so that each element is counted once and only once. Such a mechanism should operate not only when the elements to be enumerated are presented in isolation but also when they are presented in cluttered scenes. To uncover the electrophysiological correlates of the level of object representation necessary for exact enumeration, we examined ERP measures during the execution of a target enumeration task. A variable number (1–4) of lateralized targets were presented with or without distracters on the target side. An early nonlateralized response (N1, 120–180 msec) was modulated by target numerosity only when presented without distracters. By contrast, the amplitudes of a lateralized and later response (N2pc, 180–300 msec) increased as a function of target numerosity both with and without distracters, reaching a plateau at three targets. We propose that the stage of processing reflected in the N2pc corresponds to the component of individuation that binds specific indexes to properties and locations and that this provides the representation type necessary for exact enumeration.
A Comparison of Cache Performance in Server-Based and Symmetric Database Architectures

We study the cache performance in a symmetric distributed main-memory database. The high performance networks in many large distributed systems enable a machine to reach the main memory of other nodes more quickly than the time to access local disks. We therefore introduce remote memory as an additional layer in the memory hierarchy between local memory and disks. In order to appreciate the tradeoffs of memory and cpu in the symmetric architecture, we compare system performance in alternative architectures. Simulations show that, by exploiting remote memory (in each node’s cache), performance improves over a wide range of cache sizes as compared to a distributed client/server architecture. We also compare the symmetric model to a centralized-server model and parameterize the performance tradeoffs.
Quantum communication without memories or shared entanglement

Long-range quantum communication and its associated repeater network are a necessity for any future quantum Internet. The performance of such networks is currently limited by the time it takes to establish entangled links between the appropriate parties on the network. Typically this scales as the round trip time for a signal to be transmitted between those parties. We present in this talk the design of a communications network for the direct transfer of quantum information where the rate at which quantum data can be transmitted is not limited by the distance the information needs to be sent but instead by the time to perform efficient local gate operations. Our scheme requires neither the establishment of entanglement between communication nodes nor the use of long-lived quantum memories. Our scheme thus provides a much higher communications rate than in standard teleportation based schemes.
Grounding Online Prevention Interventions in Theory: Guidelines from a Review of Selected Theories and Research

ABSTRACT Literature suggests that grounding online interventions in theory improves their success. This article reviews 10 theories selected from the fields of psychotherapy, social work, health promotion, gaming, and innovation dissemination that can be used for grounding the design, development, implementation, and evaluation of online interventions. Selected studies are reviewed to illustrate how these theories have been used in online human service interventions. After this review, an integrated theoretical approach for grounding online interventions is proposed along with guidelines suggested by the review.
PART OF A SPECIAL ISSUE ON SEEDLING HERBIVORY Ontogenetic patterns in the mechanisms of tolerance to herbivory in Plantago

† Background and Aims Herbivory and plant defence differ markedly among seedlings and juvenile and mature plants in most species. While ontogenetic patterns of chemical resistance have been the focus of much research, comparatively little is known about how tolerance to damage changes across ontogeny. Due to dramatic shifts in plant size, resource acquisition, stored reserves and growth, it was predicted that tolerance and related underlying mechanisms would differ among ontogenetic stages. † Methods Ontogenetic patterns in the mechanisms of tolerance were investigated in Plantago lanceolata and P. major (Plantaginaceae) using the genetic sib-ship approach. Pot-grown plants were subjected to 50 % defoliation at the seedling, juvenile and mature stages and either harvested in the short-term to look at plasticity in growth and photosynthesis in response to damage or allowed to grow through seed maturation to measure phenology, shoot compensation and reproductive fitness. † Key Results Tolerance to defoliation was high in P. lanceolata, but low in P. major, and did not vary among ontogenetic stages in either species. Mechanisms underlying tolerance did vary across ontogeny. In P. lanceolata, tolerance was significantly related to flowering ( juveniles) and pre-damage shoot biomass (mature plants). In P. major, tolerance was significantly related to pre-damage root biomass (seedlings) and induction of non-photochemical quenching, a photosynthetic parameter ( juveniles). † Conclusions Biomass partitioning was very plastic in response to damage and showed associations with tolerance in both species, indicating a strong role in plant defence. In contrast, photosynthesis and phenology showed weaker responses to damage and were related to tolerance only in certain ontogenetic stages. This study highlights the pivotal role of ontogeny in plant defence and herbivory. Additional studies in more species are needed to determine how seedlings tolerate herbivory in general and whether mechanisms vary across ontogeny in consistent patterns.
Toronto's Distillery District: Consumption and Nostalgia in a Post-Industrial Landscape

This paper explores the adaptive reuse of the Gooderham and Worts Distillery, a 13-acre historical site located adjacent to downtown Toronto. It asks what our fascination with industrial ruins tells us about North American and European cities in the twenty-first century. The transformation of the world's largest distillery into an upscale leisure destination illustrates many of the forces that are reconfiguring cities: commodification, gentrification, the city as theme park and spectacle, post-industrialism, and the consumer preferences of the creative class. But it would be wrong to dismiss the Distillery District simply as a Disneyified version of industrial history. Whereas typical urban entertainment destinations are places that ‘synergize’ nationally branded products, chain restaurants, and multiplex movie theatres, the Distillery District is a site for serious theatre, art galleries, and local artisanal production. The image promoted by the Distillery District could be described as the commodification of decommodification. Drawing on the concepts of nostalgia and ruin, this article suggests that the Distillery District is best understood not only as a strategy for maximizing the returns on investment capital but also as a cultural response to globalization and de-industrialization. Este artículo explora la reutilización adaptable de la destilería Gooderham y Worts, un sitio histórico de 13 acres, contiguo al centro de Toronto. Se pregunta lo que nuestra fascinación por las ruinas industriales nos dice sobre las ciudades norteamericanas y europeas del siglo veintiuno. La transformación de la destilería más grande del mundo, a un destino de esparcimiento de lujo, ilustra muchas de las fuerzas que están reconfigurando las ciudades: la mercantilización, la elitización, la ciudad como un parque temático y de espectáculo, el postindustrialismo y las preferencias del consumidor de la clase creativa. Pero sería un error descartar el Distrito de la destilería como una versión de un campo de Disney de la historia industrial. En tanto que los destinos urbanos de esparcimiento típicos son lugares que ‘actúan en sinergia’ con los productos de marca, restaurantes de cadena y teatros múltiples de cine, el Distrito de la destilería es un sitio para teatro serio, galerías de arte, y producción artesanal local. La imagen que promueve el Distrito de la destilería podría describirse como la mercantilización de la desmercantilización. En base a los conceptos de nostalgia y ruina, este artículo sugiere que el Distrito de la destilería se entiende mejor no sólo como una estrategia para optimizar los rendimientos de la inversión del capital, pero también como una respuesta a la globalización y la desindustralización.
Manipulation of charged residues within the two‐peptide lantibiotic lacticin 3147

Lantibiotics are antimicrobial peptides which contain a high percentage of post‐translationally modified residues. While most attention has been paid to the role of these critical structural features, evidence continues to emerge that charged amino acids also play a key role in these peptides. Here 16 ‘charge’ mutants of the two‐peptide lantibiotic lacticin 3147 [composed of Ltnα (2+, 2−) and Ltnβ (2+)] were constructed which, when supplemented with previously generated peptides, results in a total bank of 23 derivatives altered in one or more charged residues. When examined individually, in combination with a wild‐type partner or, in some instances, in combination with one another, these mutants reveal the importance of charge at specific locations within Ltnα and Ltnβ, confirm the critical role of the negatively charged glutamate residue in Ltnα and facilitate an investigation of the contribution of positively charged residues to the cationic Ltnβ. From these investigations it is also apparent that the relative importance of the overall charge of lacticin 3147 varies depending on the target bacteria and is most evident when strains with more negatively charged cell envelopes are targeted. These studies also result in, for the first time, the creation of a derivative of a lacticin 3147 peptide (LtnβR27A) which displays enhanced specific activity.
Theory of Regulatory Compliance for Requirements Engineering

Regulatory compliance is increasingly being addressed in the practice of requirements engineering as a main stream concern. This paper points out a gap in the theoretical foundations of regulatory compliance, and presents a theory that states (i) what it means for requirements to be compliant, (ii) the compliance problem, i.e., the problem that the engineer should resolve in order to verify whether requirements are compliant, and (iii) testable hypotheses (predictions) about how compliance of requirements is verified. The theory is instantiated by presenting a requirements engineering framework that implements its principles, and is exemplified on a real-world case study.