Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
A unified and simple medium for growing model methanogens

Apart from their archetypic use in anaerobic digestion (AD) methanogenic archaea are targeted for a wide range of applications. Using different methanogenic archaea for one specific application requires the optimization of culture media to enable the growth of different strains under identical environmental conditions, e.g., in microbial electrochemical technologies (MET) for (bio)electromethanation. Here we present a new culture medium (BFS01) adapted from the DSM-120 medium by omitting resazurin, yeast extract, casitone, and using a low salt concentration, that was optimized for Methanosarcina barkeri, Methanobacterium formicicum, and Methanothrix soehngenii. The aim was to provide a medium for follow-up co-culture studies using specific methanogens and Geobacter spp. dominated biofilm anodes. All three methanogens showed growth and activity in the BFS01 medium. This was demonstrated by estimating the specific growth rates ( μ ) and doubling times ( t d ) of each methanogen. The μ and t d based on methane accumulation in the headspace showed values consistent with literature values for M. barkeri and M. soehngenii. However, μ and t d based on methane accumulation in the headspace differed from literature data for M. formicicum but still allowed sufficient growth. The lowered salt concentration and the omission of chemically complex organic components in the medium may have led to the observed deviation from μ and t d for M. formicicum as well as the changed morphology. 16S rRNA gene-based amplicon sequencing and whole genome nanopore sequencing further confirmed purity and species identity.
The relationship between schizotypal personality features and mind wandering among college students during COVID-19 pandemic: A moderator of depression

Introduction Although the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on people’s mental health has been well documented in many studies, the schizotypal personality features in the general population have not received sufficient attention. Methods Study 1 is a longitudinal study tracking changes in schizotypal personality features among college students during the COVID-19 pandemic. A total of 153 Chinese college students were assessed using the Schizotypal Personality Questionnaire. Study 2 explored the relationship between schizotypal personality features, mind wandering, and depression. A total of 557 college students completed the Schizotypal Personality Questionnaire, the Beck Depression Inventory, and the Mind-Wandering Questionnaire during the COVID-19 pandemic. Results Study 1 results showed that the scores from later stages in the pandemic were significantly higher than those from the initial stages on each dimension of schizotypal personality, which means that the schizotypal personality features became more obvious during the COVID-19 pandemic. Study 2 results showed that there was a positive correlation between schizotypal personality features, depression, and mind wandering. Discussion Depression played a moderating role in the relationship between schizotypal personality features and mind wandering. The schizotypal personality features of college students increase during COVID-19; it has a positive relationship with mind wandering; depression moderates the relationship. We discussed these findings and provided some suggestions about future research.
Cloud Charge Impacts on Thunderstorm Algorithm Performances Considering the Scheduled Power Output Optimization Problem

as long as a computational development, this approach has been shifted to improve classical methods to evolutionary methods which are adopted from various natural inspirations. This paper also gains a computational intelligent based on thunderstorm mechanisms which are applied to IEEE-62 bus system considering cloud charges. These works also conduct technical constraints and environmental requirements for defining an optimizing problem. By considering all parameters, cloud charges affect the optimal solution and it also influents to speed characteristics while carrying out the unit commitment problem.
Precision detection of crop diseases based on improved YOLOv5 model

Accurate identification of crop diseases can effectively improve crop yield. Most current crop diseases present small targets, dense numbers, occlusions and similar appearance of different diseases, and the current target detection algorithms are not effective in identifying similar crop diseases. Therefore, in this paper, an improved model based on YOLOv5s was proposed to improve the detection of crop diseases. First, the CSP structure of the original model in the feature fusion stage was improved, and a lightweight structure was used in the improved CSP structure to reduce the model parameters, while the feature information of different layers was extracted in the form of multiple branches. A structure named CAM was proposed, which can extract global and local features of each network layer separately, and the CAM structure can better fuse semantic and scale inconsistent features to enhance the extraction of global information of the network. In order to increase the number of positive samples in the model training process, one more grid was added to the original model with three grids to predict the target, and the formula for the prediction frame centroid offset was modified to obtain the better prediction frame centroid offset when the target centroid falled on the special point of the grid. To solve the problem of the prediction frame being scaled incorrectly during model training, an improved DIoU loss function was used to replace the GIoU loss function used in the original YOLOv5s. Finally, the improved model was trained using transfer learning, the results showed that the improved model had the best mean average precision (mAP) performance compared to the Faster R-CNN, SSD, YOLOv3, YOLOv4, YOLOv4-tiny, and YOLOv5s models, and the mAP, F1 score, and recall of the improved model were 95.92%, 0.91, and 87.89%, respectively. Compared with YOLOv5s, they improved by 4.58%, 5%, and 4.78%, respectively. The detection speed of the improved model was 40.01 FPS, which can meet the requirement of real-time detection. The results showed that the improved model outperformed the original model in several aspects, had stronger robustness and higher accuracy, and can provide better detection for crop diseases.
Exploiting photosynthesis-driven P450 activity to produce indican in tobacco chloroplasts

Photosynthetic organelles offer attractive features for engineering small molecule bioproduction by their ability to convert solar energy into chemical energy required for metabolism. The possibility to couple biochemical production directly to photosynthetic assimilation as a source of energy and substrates has intrigued metabolic engineers. Specifically, the chemical diversity found in plants often relies on cytochrome P450-mediated hydroxylations that depend on reductant supply for catalysis and which often lead to metabolic bottlenecks for heterologous production of complex molecules. By directing P450 enzymes to plant chloroplasts one can elegantly deal with such redox prerequisites. In this study, we explore the capacity of the plant photosynthetic machinery to drive P450-dependent formation of the indigo precursor indoxyl-β-D-glucoside (indican) by targeting an engineered indican biosynthetic pathway to tobacco (Nicotiana benthamiana) chloroplasts. We show that both native and engineered variants belonging to the human CYP2 family are catalytically active in chloroplasts when driven by photosynthetic reducing power and optimize construct designs to improve productivity. However, while increasing supply of tryptophan leads to an increase in indole accumulation, it does not improve indican productivity, suggesting that P450 activity limits overall productivity. Co-expression of different redox partners also does not improve productivity, indicating that supply of reducing power is not a bottleneck. Finally, in vitro kinetic measurements showed that the different redox partners were efficiently reduced by photosystem I but plant ferredoxin provided the highest light-dependent P450 activity. This study demonstrates the inherent ability of photosynthesis to support P450-dependent metabolic pathways. Plants and photosynthetic microbes are therefore uniquely suited for engineering P450-dependent metabolic pathways regardless of enzyme origin. Our findings have implications for metabolic engineering in photosynthetic hosts for production of high-value chemicals or drug metabolites for pharmacological studies.
Label-Free Aptamer-Based Immunoglobulin Sensors Using Graphene Field-Effect Transistors

Electrical detection of specific proteins was demonstrated using aptamer-modified graphene field-effect transistors (G-FETs). Immunoglobulin E (IgE) aptamers were immobilized onto the graphene surface with 1-pyrenebutanoic acid succinimidyl ester as a linker. From an atomic-force microscopy image, the height of the graphene channel was determined to be approximately 3 nm, indicating the successful functionalization of aptamers. The slope of the transport characteristics before and after aptamer functionalization did not change, indicating that the functionalization process was carried out without introducing defects. The aptamer-modified G-FET successfully detected only the target protein while the drain current of the bare G-FETs changed by various proteins. These results suggest that the binding of the non-target protein to the graphene channel surface was sufficiently suppressed.
Neuromapping olfactory stimulation using magnetoencephalography - visualizing smell, a proof-of-concept study

Importance Currently, clinical assessment of olfaction is largely reliant on subjective methods that require patient participation. The objective method for measuring olfaction, using electroencephalogram (EEG) readings, can be supplemented with the improved temporal resolution of magnetoencephalography (MEG) for olfactory measurement that can delineate cortical and peripheral olfactory loss. MEG provides high temporal and spatial resolution which can enhance our understanding of central olfactory processing compared to using EEG alone. Objective To determine the feasibility of building an in-house portable olfactory stimulator paired with electrophysiological neuroimaging technique with MEG to assess olfaction in the clinical setting. Design, setting and participants This proof-of-concept study utilized a paired MEG-olfactometer paradigm to assess olfaction in three normosmic participants. We used a two-channel olfactory stimulator to deliver odorants according to a programmed stimulus-rest paradigm. Two synthetic odorants: 2% phenethyl alcohol (rose) and 0.5% amyl acetate (banana) were delivered in increasing increments of time followed by periods of rest. Cortical activity was measured via a 306-channel MEG system. Main outcomes and measures Primary outcome measure was the relative spectral power for each frequency band, which was contrasted between rest and olfactory stimulation. Results Compared to rest, olfactory stimulation produced a 40% increase in relative alpha power within the olfactory cortex bilaterally with both odorants. A 25%–30% increase in relative alpha power occurred in the left orbitofrontal cortex and precentral gyrus with phenethyl alcohol stimulation but not amyl acetate. Conclusion and relevance In this proof-of-concept study, we demonstrate the feasibility of olfactory measurement via an olfactometer-MEG paradigm. We found that odorant-specific cortical signatures can be identified using this paradigm, setting the basis for further investigation of this system as a prognostic tool for olfactory loss.
Authentic leadership, perceived organizational support, and psychological capital: Implications for job performance in the education sector

The present study sifts the indirect role of psychological capital (PsyCap) in linking authentic leadership (AL) and job performance (JP). Furthermore, this study investigates the interplay of AL and perceived organizational support (POS) in PsyCap. We tested these assumptions through PROCESS macro with two sources of data collected from 350 employees and their respective colleagues working in education sector organizations in China. The study findings established that AL positively influences employee performance directly and indirectly through PsyCap. POS moderates the effects of AL on PsyCap such that this relationship gets more pronounced in individuals with high levels of POS. All organizations in the education sector can benefit from the current study’s practical application. We recommend that firms create and implement these training programs to improve JP since AL is favorably correlated with JP. The organization should pick executives with a vision to encourage e-JP. To promote this behavior, firms can also hold management training seminars, conferences, and programs. Making performance a clear necessity within job criteria will encourage it among personnel. To achieve great results, top management and leadership must inform the workforce about the importance of authentic behavior in the workplace.
Establishing a benthic macrofaunal baseline for the sandy shoreline ecosystem within the Gulf Islands National Seashore in response to the DwH oil spill

Sandy shorelines present a first line of defense against the catastrophic effects of storms and oil spills within the coastal zone of the northern Gulf of Mexico. Immediately following the DwH oil spill prior to any spill related impacts, we conducted a rapid response survey of the sandy shoreline benthic macrofauna from throughout the National Park Service - Gulf Islands National Seashore (GINS) in Mississippi and Florida. To characterize pre-spill macrofaunal assemblages, we surveyed seven barrier island or peninsular areas comprising nine exposed and 12 protected shoreline sites. A comparable benthic macrofaunal inventory had been conducted 17 years earlier using a parallel study design. The primary objective of this study was to distinguish hierarchical spatiotemporal scales of macrofaunal variation within the 1993 and 2010 GINS data. We hypothesized that the 1993 GINS macrofaunal inventory baseline was stable, despite multiple disturbances by large storms within the intervening 17-year period. Additionally, the relative importance of hierarchical spatial scales of macrofaunal dissimilarity was examined so suitable scales of macrofaunal variation could be identified for assessments of stressor effects at commensurate scales. An Implicit Nested Mixed Model PERMANOVA using Type 1 sequential Sum of Squares delineated variation components of nested scales which ranked Station > Shore Side > Site > Habitat > District > Year. The Year main factor had the smallest effect on macrofaunal variation, confirming that the 1993 GINS macrofaunal inventory can serve as the foundation for a robust baseline including both the 1993 and the 2010 macrofaunal data for the GINS. A literal Hierarchical Nested Mixed Model PERMANOVA using Type 1 sequential Sum of Squares (SS) partitioned effects among nested factors and their interactions. Definitive macrofaunal variation was expressed for all combinations of two levels for each of the three spatially nested fixed factors, District, Shore Side, and Habitat. Variation in macrofaunal dissimilarity for combined levels of fixed factors reflected corresponding differences in the macrofauna. The use of sandy shoreline macrofaunal assemblages as ecological indicators would fulfill the need to focus on cumulative effects of oil spills and should be eminently tractable when responses and impacts are considered on commensurate scales.
Modified Linggui Zhugan Decoction protects against ventricular remodeling through ameliorating mitochondrial damage in post-myocardial infarction rats

Introduction Modified Linggui Zhugan Decoction (MLZD) is a Traditional Chinese Medicine prescription developed from Linggui Zhugan Decoction (LZD) that has been used for the clinical treatment of ischemic cardiovascular diseases. However, the cardioprotective mechanism of MLZD against post-myocardial infarction (MI) ventricular remodeling remains unclear. Methods We explored the effects of MLZD on ventricular remodeling and their underlying mechanisms, respectively, in SD rats with MI models and in H9c2 cardiomyocytes with oxygen-glucose deprivation (OGD) models. The cardiac structure and function of rats were measured by echocardiography, HE staining, and Masson staining. Apoptosis, inflammation, mitochondrial structure and function, and sirtuin 3 (SIRT3) expression were additionally examined. Results MLZD treatment significantly ameliorated cardiac structure and function, and thus reversed ventricular remodeling, compared with the control. Further research showed that MLZD ameliorated mitochondrial structural disruption, protected against mitochondrial dynamics disorder, restored impaired mitochondrial function, inhibited inflammation, and thus inhibited apoptosis. Moreover, the decreased expression level of SIRT3 was enhanced after MLZD treatment. The protective effects of MLZD on SIRT3 and mitochondria, nevertheless, were blocked by 3-TYP, a selective inhibitor of SIRT3. Discussion These findings together revealed that MLZD could improve the ventricular remodeling of MI rats by ameliorating mitochondrial damage and its associated apoptosis, which might exert protective effects by targeting SIRT3.
The influence of family socio-economic status on learning engagement of college students majoring in preschool education: The mediating role of parental autonomy support and the moderating effect of psychological capital

Objective To explore the relationship between family socio-economic status and learning engagement of college students majoring in preschool education, as well as the mediating role of parental autonomy support and the moderating role of psychological capital. Methods A sample of 986 college students majoring in preschool education from Guangdong Province and Jiangxi Province were investigated by family socio-economic status questionnaire, learning engagement questionnaire, parental autonomy support questionnaire and psychological capital questionnaire. Results First, there was a significant positive correlation between family socio-economic status and learning engagement (β = 0.09, p < 0.05). Second, parental autonomy support played a completely mediating role between family socio-economic status and learning engagement (β = 0.05, p < 0.01). Third, the relationship between parental autonomy support and learning engagement was moderated by psychological capital, and students with high psychological capital had higher learning engagement (β = 0.24, p < 0.001). Conclusion Family socio-economic status could directly affect learning engagement, and could also indirectly affect learning engagement through psychological capital level moderating parental autonomy support. Our findings highlight the importance of creating an autonomous supportive family environment and focusing on the learning of students from low socio-economic status. Meanwhile, stimulating students’ psychological capital should be regarded as a part of education and teaching.
Low-volume precision spray for plant pest control using profile variable rate spraying and ultrasonic detection

Spraying chemical pesticides is one of the important means to control plant pest, and the profile variable spraying is an important technology to achieve precise pesticide application. A profiling tracking control method and an improved algorithm based on CMAC-PID (Cerebellar Model Articulation Controller- Potential Induced Degradation) were proposed in the paper. The test results of the sprayer profiling tracking of the tree canopies showed that the profiling control system using the improved algorithm had significantly better dynamic tracking performance, and the overall mean tracking error was reduced by 35.0%, compared with the traditional CMAC-PID. A spray flow calculation method based on tree canopy volume and leaf area density was proposed. Outdoor testing of the profile variable spraying and conventional spraying was carried out. There was no significant difference between the two spraying methods in terms of droplet coverage, VMD (Volume Median Diameter), NMD (Number Median Diameter), spray quality parameter and relative span coefficient, as well as droplet deposition density. The spray coefficient of variation was reduced by 25.9% and 21.9% inside and outside the tree canopy, respectively. The mean value of the ground deposition coverage of the profile variable spraying and the traditional spray was 13.0% and 33.2%, respectively, indicating a significant impact on the ground droplet deposition coverage by the two spraying methods. The spray flow rate of the profile variable spraying could be decreased by 32.1% compared to the conventional spraying. Profile variable spraying would reduce the cost associated with pesticide use and environmental pollution.
Identification and validation of a TTN-associated immune prognostic model for skin cutaneous melanoma

TTN is the most commonly mutated gene in skin cutaneous melanoma (SKCM). Tumor mutational burden (TMB) can generate new antigens that regulate the recognition of T cells, which will significantly affect the prognosis of patients. The TTN gene has a long coding sequence and a high number of mutant sites, which allows SKCM patients to produce higher TMB and may influence the immune response. It has been found that the overall survival (OS) of SKCM patients with TTN mutation was significantly higher than that of wild-type patients. However, the effect of TTN mutation on the immune microenvironment of SKCM has not been fully investigated. Here, we systematically explored the relationship and potential mechanisms between TTN mutation status and the immune response. We first revealed that TTN mutated SKCM were significantly associated with four immune-related biological processes. Next, 115 immune genes differentially expressed between TTN mutation and wild-type SKCM patients were found to significantly affect the OS of SKCM patients. Then, we screened four immune-related genes (CXCL9, PSMB9, CD274, and FCGR2A) using LASSO regression analysis and constructed a TTN mutation-associated immune prognostic model (TM-IPM) to distinguish the SKCM patients with a high or low risk of poor prognosis, independent of multiple clinical characteristics. SKCM in the low-risk group highly expressed a large number of immune-related genes, and functional enrichment analysis of these genes showed that this group was involved in multiple immune processes and pathways. Furthermore, the nomogram constructed by TM-IPM with other clinicopathological parameters can provide a predictive tool for clinicians. Moreover, we found that CD8+ T cells were significantly enriched in the low-risk group. The expression level of immune checkpoints was higher in the low-risk group than in the high-risk group. Additionally, the response to chemotherapeutic agents was higher in the low-risk group than in the high-risk group, which may be related to the long survival in the low-risk group. Collectively, we constructed and validated a TM-IPM using four immune-related genes and analyzed the potential mechanisms of TM-IPM to predict patient prognosis and response to immunotherapy from an immunological perspective.