Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Early identification of radiation accident victims for therapy of bone marrow failure

Ionizing radiation damages the lymphohematopoietic system via direct effects on viability and/or function of hematopoietic stem/progenitor cells and via abnormal production of cytokines (i.e., growth factors). Other tisues that have a rapid turnover (including the gastrointestinal tract and skin) are also profoundly affected by acute radiation exposure. A major issue in selection of appropriate therapy for bone marrow failure (i.e., the bone marrow syndrome) is early assessment of radiation dose. Although several biological markers are available for assessing dose received, the absolute polymorphonuclear neutrophil (PMN) and/or lymphocyte counts, together with clinical presentation (i.e., time to onset of nausea and vomiting, etc.) still provide the most practical and timely assessment of radiation dose. Limited information is available regarding CD34‐positive cell frequency as a measure of radiation‐induced damage to the bone marrow. Since a subpopulation of radioresistant hematopoietic stem cells may persist after exposure to high‐dose radiation, the primary goal of therapy is to provide an adequate number of lymphohematopoietic stem cells for a finite (rather than indefinite) period, after which endogenous stem cells may reinstate lymphohematopoiesis. A model is presented which describes the hypothesis that stem cell clonal repopulation over time is distinct in transplant recipients who have received moderate compared to high‐dose radiation exposures. Since some individuals receiving high levels of radiation and presenting with rapidly declining PMN counts spontaneously recover lymphohematopoiesis, better tools (including CD34‐positive cell analysis) must be developed to select the appropriate therapy for exposed individuals. Stem Cells 1997; 15(suppl 2): 275‐285
Retrospective gating for mouse cardiac MRI

Cardiac MR imaging in small animals presents some difficulties due to shorter cardiac cycles and smaller dimensions than in human beings, but prospectively gated techniques have been successfully applied. As with human imaging, there may be certain applications in animal imaging for which retrospective gating is preferable to prospective gating. For example, cardiac imaging in multiple mice simultaneously is one such application. In this work we investigate the use of retrospective gating for cardiac imaging in a mouse. Using a three‐dimensional imaging protocol, we show that image quality with retrospective gating is comparable to prospectively gated imaging. We conclude that retrospective gating is applicable for small animal cardiac MRI and show how it can be applied to the problem of cardiac MRI in multiple mice. Magn Reson Med, 2006. © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
The Interplay between Strategy and Finance

The theory of finance and the theory of strategic planning can be viewed as two cultures that investigate the same problem, despite the differences in language and approach that make them apparently incompatible. In this theoretical essay, it is suggested a new perspective for studies in strategy: the Assets-Actions Approach (AAA). This approach improves the resource-based view and dynamic capabilities view by (i) including resources and capabilities in the concept of assets and (ii) incorporating aspects of actions as relevant factors in the establishment of competitive advantages. The study shows that concepts of behavioral finance may be useful, but not necessarily sufficient to accommodate the complexity of corporate strategies. Thus, the AAA leaves out of consideration elements that are not properly set by traditional financial models. The implications of AAA unfold to: (i) from a theoretical point of view, the simplification of constructs and the suggestion that the discount rate or cost of opportunity is not homogeneous, being dependent on the assets of the company and (ii) from an empirical point of view, the need for formulation of new constructs to measure actions as well as perceived value for stakeholders.
Baromètre santé 2005, Attitudes et comportements de santé

La mise en œuvre d'une politique de sante publique coherente et efficace passe par une meilleure apprehension des comportements de sante. Le Barometre sante les decrit et les met en regard des attitudes, connaissances et perceptions des 12-75 ans en matiere de sante, sur la base d'une enquete representative de la population. Afin de disposer d'une grande precision, plus de 30 000 personnes ont repondu au questionnaire. Grâce notamment a la constitution d'un echantillon d'environ 4 000 individus ne possedant qu'un telephone portable, le Barometre sante s'inscrit comme une reference en matiere d'enquete telephonique de qualite. L'objet de cet ouvrage est d'observer les evolutions et de comprendre les determinants de sante susceptibles de jouer un role dans la structuration des comportements et des attitudes. Les seize chapitres de l'ouvrage abordent des thematiques tres variees, telles que les consommations de substances psychoactives, le depistage des cancers, la vaccination, la qualite de vie, les accidents, l'activite physique, le sommeil, le lien entre sante et travail. Cet outil met egalement en evidence des disparites importantes au sein de la population en mettant en lumiere des populations vulnerables ou en rupture. Au-dela de la description de l'ensemble de la population, il fournit ainsi un cadre quantitatif pour aborder la question des inegalites de sante.
Pancreatic stent placement for duct disruption.

BACKGROUND The aim of this study was to identify predictors of outcome after pancreatic duct stent placement for duct disruption. METHODS Patients were identified from endoscopy databases. Disruption was defined by extravasation of contrast from the pancreatic duct during endoscopic retrograde pancreatography. Data collected included demographic information, imaging studies, management before and outcome after stent placement. Success was defined as resolution of the disruption clinically, on radiologic imaging, and/or at endoscopic retrograde pancreatography. RESULTS Forty-three patients (23 women, 20 men; mean age 57 years, [SD] 15.2 years) were studied. The etiology of pancreatic duct disruption was acute pancreatitis in 24, chronic pancreatitis in 9, operative injury in 7, and trauma in 3 patients. In 25 patients there was resolution of the disruption, whereas stent therapy was unsuccessful in 16 and the outcome was indeterminate in 2 patients. On univariate analysis, stent positioned to bridge the disruption (p = 0.04) and longer duration of stent therapy (p = 0.002) were associated with a successful outcome. Female gender (p = 0.05) and acute pancreatitis (p = 0.05) were associated with a lack of success. On multivariate analysis, only the bridging stent position remained correlated to outcome. Complications occurred in 4 patients. CONCLUSIONS A bridging stent is associated with a successful outcome after pancreatic duct stent placement for duct disruption.
The Dem@Care Experiments and Datasets: a Technical Report

The objective of Dem@Care is the development of a complete system providing personal health services to people with dementia, as well as medical professionals and caregivers, by using a multitude of sensors, for context-aware, multi-parametric monitoring of lifestyle, ambient environment, and health parameters. Multi-sensor data analysis, combined with intelligent decision making mechanisms, will allow an accurate representation of the person's current status and will provide the appropriate feedback, both to the person and the associated caregivers, enhancing the standard clinical workflow. Within the project framework, several data collection activities have taken place to assist technical development and evaluation tasks. In all these activities, particular attention has been paid to adhere to ethical guidelines and preserve the participants' privacy. This technical report describes shorty the (a) the main objectives of the project, (b) the main ethical principles and (c) the datasets that have been already created.
Why Existence of Hyperbolic Discounting is Not Evidence of Investor Irrationality?

A number of researchers (Rubenstein, 2000; Thaler, 1981) have shown that investors have a preference for higher short-run returns, and a declining rate of time preference. Such preferences have been cited as evidence for both investor irrationality and short-comings of the discounted utility model proposed by Samuelson (1937). The purpose of this paper is not to dispute the existence of hyperbolic discounting, but rather to argue that such a discounting process is perfectly rational, especially for a budget constrained investor making a choice between two not-very-uncertain outcomes.
Results of treatment of 255 patients with metastatic renal cell carcinoma who received high-dose recombinant interleukin-2 therapy.

PURPOSE To determine the efficacy and toxicity of a high-dose interleukin-2 (IL-2) regimen in patients with metastatic renal cell carcinoma. PATIENTS AND METHODS Two hundred fifty-five assessable patients were entered onto seven phase II clinical trials. Proleukin (aldesleukin; Chiron Corp, Emeryville, CA) 600,000 or 720,000 IU/kg was administered by 15-minute intravenous (i.v.) infusion every 8 hours for up to 14 consecutive doses over 5 days as clinically tolerated with maximum support, including pressors. A second identical cycle of treatment was scheduled following 5 to 9 days of rest, and courses could be repeated every 6 to 12 weeks in stable or responding patients. RESULTS The overall objective response rate was 14% (90% confidence interval [CI], 10% to 19%), with 12 (5%) complete responses (CRs) and 24 (9%) partial responses (PRs). Responses occurred in all sites of disease, including bone, intact primary tumors, and visceral metastases, and in patients with large tumor burdens or bulky individual lesions. The median response duration for patients who achieved a CR has not been reached, but was 19.0 months for those who achieved a PR. Baseline Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group (ECOG) performance status (PS) was the only predictive prognostic factor for response to IL-2. While treatment was associated with severe acute toxicities, these generally reversed rapidly after therapy was completed. However, 4% of patients died of adverse events judged to be possibly or probably treatment-related. CONCLUSION High-dose IL-2 appears to benefit some patients with metastatic renal cell carcinoma by producing durable CRs or PRs. Despite severe acute treatment-associated toxicities, IL-2 should be considered for initial therapy of patients with appropriately selected metastatic renal cell carcinoma.
Control of apolipoprotein B mRNA editing: implication of mRNA dynamics at various maturation stages.

Apolipoprotein (apo) B mRNA editing is a genetic regulatory mechanism whereby nucleotide 6666 in apo-B-100 mRNA is converted from a C to a U. The end result of this change is the creation of a premature stop codon so that the translation product of the edited (apoB-48) mRNA contains 2152 amino acids residues instead of 4536 residues in the product (apoB-100) encoded by the unedited mRNA. ApoB mRNA editing is a post-transcriptional process that is expressed in a tissue-specific manner. Here we present a model for the control of apoB mRNA editing. The three variables in the model include editing activity, apoB mRNA transcription rate and mRNA degradation rate at various maturation stages for the mRNA, and a simple formula can be used to quantify the degree of apoB mRNA editing with respect to these variables at different apoB mRNA maturation stages. Time-dependent equations were solved numerically. Using this model, it can be shown that, in addition to editing activity, the degradation kinetics of apoB mRNA can also serve as an efficient modulator of the degree of editing. The rate of apoB mRNA transcription has a transient effect on the degree of editing; varying the apoB mRNA degradation constant tends to change the degree of editing only at the specific maturation stage. This model can render some previously proposed hypothesis (e.g. coupling of mRNA editing to splicing/polyadenylation) unnecessary and provides a rational basis for the design of experiments on specific aspects of apoB mRNA editing in the future; it may also be applicable to other types of RNA editing.
Partial Loudness in Multitrack Mixing

Partial loudness can be used as high-level, perceptually relevant metadata in the context of semantic audio, especially in multitrack mixtures or wherever masking scenarios are desired. Subjective evaluation of the partial loudness model of Glasberg and Moore on multitrack signals in the form of equal loudness matching experiment is presented. The observed results imply that the current model underrates the partial loudness perceived by the subjects. We analyze the underlying features and propose a parameter modification in the implementation of the partial loudness model that yields better compliance for musical signals.
Preparation of t-Butyldimethylphosphine Borane and t-Butyldiethylphosphine Borane by Selective Grignard Reagent Substitution of Phosphorus Trichloride

It is well-known that Einstein’s first paper on as published in the Annalen der Physik in 1905 is problematic in that it suffers from the error of circular reasoning. This means that it uses as one of its premises a statement which is equivalent to the conclusion of the paper, namely, that . This difficulty with the paper has been pointed out by many writers including Max Planck, Herbert Ives, Max Jammer and also biographers of Einstein including Gerald Holton and Arthur I. Miller. Unfortunately, the derivation is repeated today as being correct without any mention of the above criticisms of it. In view of this it seems to us worthwhile to have a clear and as simple as possible explanation of the logical difficulties associated with Einstein’s 1905 derivation, and it is to this end that this paper is written. Herewith we present a very simple treatment of the problem which makes absolutely clear the logical difficulties in Einstein’s first published work on .
Prevalence and Risk Factors of Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease in an Adult Population of Taiwan: Metabolic Significance of Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease in Nonobese Adults

Background The prevalence of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is rarely reported in Taiwan. Goals To determine the prevalence and risk factors of NAFLD in an adult population of Taiwan. Study The cross-sectional community study examined 3245 adults in a rural village of Taiwan. The diagnostic criteria for NAFLD included no excessive alcohol intake, no chronic viral hepatitis, no known etiologies of liver disease, and ultrasonography consistent with fatty liver. Results The prevalence of NAFLD was 11.5% (372/3245). The risk factors for NAFLD in the general population were male sex [odds ratio (OR), 1.44; 95% confidence interval (CI), 1.09-1.90], elevated alanine aminotransferase (ALT) (OR, 5.66; 95% CI, 3.99-8.01), obesity (OR, 7.21; 95% CI, 5.29-9.84), fasting plasma glucose ≥126 mg/dL (OR, 2.08; 95% CI, 1.41-3.05), total cholesterol ≥240 mg/dL (OR, 1.50; 95% CI, 1.06-2.13), triglyceride ≥150 mg/dL (OR, 1.76; 95% CI, 1.32-2.35), and hyperuricemia (OR, 1.53; 95% CI, 1.16-2.01). Age ≥65 years was inversely related to NAFLD (OR, 0.53; 95% CI, 0.36-0.77). The only NAFLD risk factors among nonobese subjects were age between 40 and 64 years (OR, 2.35; 95% CI, 1.34-4.11, P=0.003), elevated ALT (OR, 15.45; 95% CI, 8.21-29.09, P<0.001), and triglyceride ≥150 mg/dL (OR, 2.48; 95% CI, 1.42-4.32, P=0.001). In subjects with NAFLD, the prevalence of elevated ALT in the presence of each metabolic risk factor, such as obesity, fasting plasma glucose ≥126 mg/dL, total cholesterol ≥240 mg/dL, triglyceride ≥150 mg/dL, and hyperuricemia, did not differ from that of subjects with normal ALT levels. Conclusions NAFLD is closely associated with elevated ALT, obesity, diabetes mellitus, hypercholesterolemia, hypertriglyceridemia, and hyperuricemia. Among the metabolic disorders, only hypertriglyceridemia was related to NAFLD in nonobese subjects. Serum ALT level was not a good predictor of metabolic significance in subjects with NAFLD.
2-(Benzotriazol-1-ylmethylamino)benzoic acid

The title compound, C14H12N4O2, a new N,O,N′-tridentate ligand, is V-shaped with the mean plane through the benzotriazole system [planar to within 0.013 (2) Å] inclined by 67.7 (1)° to the mean plane through the benzene ring. In the molecule there is an intramolecular N—H⋯O hydrogen bond involving the amine H atom and the carbonyl O atom. In the crystal structure, symmtry-related molecules are connected by intermolecular O—H⋯N and C—H⋯O hydrogen bonds and C—H⋯π interactions.
Topological framework for local structure analysis in condensed matter

Significance Richard Feynman famously described the hypothesis “All things are made of atoms” as among the most significant of all scientific knowledge. How atoms are arranged in “things” is an interesting and natural question. However, aside from perfect crystals and ideal gases, understanding these arrangements in an insightful yet tractable manner is challenging. We introduce a unified mathematical framework for classifying and identifying local structure in imperfect condensed matter systems using Voronoi topology. This versatile approach enables visualization and analysis of a wide range of complex atomic systems, including highly defected solids and glass-forming liquids. The proposed framework presents a new perspective into the structure of discrete systems of particles, ordered and disordered alike. Physical systems are frequently modeled as sets of points in space, each representing the position of an atom, molecule, or mesoscale particle. As many properties of such systems depend on the underlying ordering of their constituent particles, understanding that structure is a primary objective of condensed matter research. Although perfect crystals are fully described by a set of translation and basis vectors, real-world materials are never perfect, as thermal vibrations and defects introduce significant deviation from ideal order. Meanwhile, liquids and glasses present yet more complexity. A complete understanding of structure thus remains a central, open problem. Here we propose a unified mathematical framework, based on the topology of the Voronoi cell of a particle, for classifying local structure in ordered and disordered systems that is powerful and practical. We explain the underlying reason why this topological description of local structure is better suited for structural analysis than continuous descriptions. We demonstrate the connection of this approach to the behavior of physical systems and explore how crystalline structure is compromised at elevated temperatures. We also illustrate potential applications to identifying defects in plastically deformed polycrystals at high temperatures, automating analysis of complex structures, and characterizing general disordered systems.
Tourniquet Use in Combat Trauma: UK Military Experience

Aim To determine the prevalence of tourniquet use in combat trauma, the contribution to lives saved and the complications of their use in this environment. Population All casualties treated at UK field hospital facilities in Iraq and Afghanistan and meeting criteria for entry into UK Joint Theatre Trauma Registry (JTTR) from 04 Feb 03 to 30 Sep 07. Methods Cases were identified from UK JTTR. Casualties from Permanent Joint Overseas Bases (PJOBs) were excluded. ISS, NISS, TRISS and ASCOT were calculated automatically within JTTR from AIS 2005 (Military) codes. Results 1375 patients met UK JTTR entry criteria for the period specified (excluding PJOBs). 70/1375 patients (5.1%) were treated with one or more tourniquets (total 107 tourniquet applications). 61/70 (87%) survived their injuries. 17/70 (24%) patients had 2 or more tourniquets applied. 64/70 patients received a tourniquet after April 2006, when tourniquets were introduced as an individual first aid item. 43/70 (61%) patients were UK military. Conclusions ISS and TRISS are poorly representative of injury severity and outcome for combat trauma involving isolated multiple limb injuries and cannot be used to discriminate whether a tourniquet is life-saving. The presence of severe isolated limb injuries, profound hypovolaemic shock and the requirement for massive transfusion reasonably identifies a cohort where the use of one or more tourniquets pre-hospital to control external bleeding can be said to be life-saving.
Treatment of Streptozotocin-Induced Diabetes Mellitus in Rats by Transplantation of Islet Cells from Two Major Histocompatibility Complex Disparate Rats in Combination with Intra Bone Marrow Injection of Allogeneic Bone Marrow Cells

Background. We have established a new method for the transplantation of allogeneic pancreatic islets obtained from two different rat strains in combination with a newly developed bone marrow transplantation (BMT) method in which bone marrow cells (BMCs) are directly injected into the bone marrow cavity (intra bone marrow BMT [IBM-BMT]). Methods. Streptozotocin-induced diabetic Brown Norway (BN: RT1An) rats were injected with fludarabine, irradiated with 5.0 Gy×2, and BMCs from two allogeneic rat strains, Fischer 344 (F344: RT1A1) and PVG (PVG: RT1Ac), were then directly injected into the bone marrow cavity (IBM-BMT). Simultaneously, approximately 600 pancreatic islets (PIs) from F344 and PVG rats were mixed and transplanted into the liver by way of the portal vein. Results. All the recipients thus treated showed normoglycemia 30 days after the treatment. Hematolymphoid cells were completely reconstituted with the two donor-type cells, and immunologic tolerance to F344 and PVG major histocompatibility complex (MHC) determinants were induced. Conclusions. The transplantation of PIs from two MHC-disparate donors was completely achieved in combination with IBM-BMT, resulting in the improvement of blood glucose levels and the amelioration of diabetes mellitus.
Introducing risk parity on momentum and carry portfolios

The momentum and carry anomalies have been extensively documented in the literature. However, there are still many issues relating to the risks associated to them that are left unexplained. One is the fact that an investor holds for too long the most volatile assets, both under momentum and carry strategies. Therefore, they present a level of risk and a probability of extreme events to happen inconsistent. This work project hypothesizes and proves the introduction of risk parity rules on the weights of the portfolios do increase risk rewarding of carry strategies. However, it fails under momentum strategies.