Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Factors Influencing Students’ Career Intentions in the Hospitality and Tourism Industries: A Meta-Analysis

This study adopted a meta-analysis to generalize and compare the effect of influencing factors on hospitality and tourism management students’ career intentions from 34 studies. After 13 existing factors were classified into four categories, the results revealed that 11 of them significantly impact students’ career intentions. In general, the influences of social identity and self-perception are more important, followed by school education and work conditions. A subgroup analysis further identified the sample students’ grades as dynamics that partially moderate some of the influencing factors, while no statistical changes in the relative influences were observed after the COVID-19 outbreak. Finally, suggestions are provided for hospitality and tourism management education and industries.
Laser-based proton acceleration experiments at the ALLS facility using a 200 TW high intensity laser system

Collimated beams of energetic protons are produced by the interaction of short duration high intensity laser pulses with solid foils. This field has been the subject of many studies in the last decade. This interest is motivated by the wide range of application of such beams: ion based fast ignitor schemes, probing of electromagnetic fields in plasma, isotope production or hadron therapy. The recently commissioned 200 TW laser system (5 J, 25 fs, 1010 laser pulse contrast, 10 Hz repetition rate at 800 nm) at the Advanced Laser Light Source (ALLS) facility has been used to study proton acceleration with femtosecond laser pulses. The proton spectrum was characterized using a time of flight detector. Due to the high contrast of the laser pulse, foil targets as thin as 30 nm could be studied.
A characterization of growth in locally compact groups

G will denote throughout a separable, connected, locally compact group. Fix a left Haar measure on G and for a measurable subset A of G, let \A\G denote the measure of A. The purpose of this note is to announce results concerning the asymptotic behavior of \U\G where U is a compact neighborhood of the identity e in G, and to indicate some of the applications these results have for various areas. The following definitions are required : DEFINITION 1. G has polynomial growth if there is a polynomial p such that for each compact neighborhood U of e, there is a constant C(U) so that
Imperfection Sensitivity Analysis of Double Domes Free Form Space Structures

This paper investigates the effects of applying different buckling modes obtained by linearized eigenvalue buckling analysis as the initial imperfection for double domes free form space structures. Nonlinear elastic–plastic analysis of rigidly jointed single layer double domes are carried out using the finite element method. Having verified the finite element modeling, several different collapse analyses have been undertaken in order to examine the stability behavior of these structures. By using the approximate-perturbed method, the results of the analyses show that in free form double domes, the lowest buckling modes could not be considered as the effective modes to change the bifurcation equilibrium path into the limit equilibrium one. Therefore, the generalized conformable imperfection mode method has been suggested in the present study in order to apply geometric imperfections in free form double domes. Also, one step method has been suggested in order to eliminate 60% of buckling modes, which are nonsensitive, before applying the approximate-perturbed method.
A stabilization technique to avoid hourglassing in finite elasticity

Enhanced strain element formulations are known to show an outstanding performance in many applications. The stability of these elements, however, cannot be guaranteed for general deformation states and arbitrarily shaped elements. In order to overcome this deficiency, we develop an innovative control technique based on a modal analysis on element level. The control is completely automatic in the sense that no artificial factors are introduced. The computational effort is negligible. The key to the approach is the split of the element tangent matrix into constant and hourglass parts which is not possible for the classical enhanced strain concept in general. This motivates the use of a recently developed reduced integration method, which, since its stabilization part is derived on the basis of the enhanced strain method, shows the same performance and retains the crucial split. Using this formulation in combination with the new control technique, leads to a “smart” element which is free of hourglass instabilities and generally applicable, also for strongly distorted meshes. Copyright © 2000 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Comparing Polyphosphate and Orthophosphate Treatments of Solution-Precipitated Aragonite Powders

The aqueous and thermal stabilities of aragonite (CaCO3) powders against phase conversion are important for industrial applications that rely on calcium carbonate. We describe the synthesis and characterization of solution-precipitated aragonite powders before and after exposure to different aqueous polyphosphate (SHMP) or orthophosphate (PO4) treatments with concentrations ranging between 1–10 mM (∼1 g/L). Based on infrared spectra, differential scanning calorimetry, and thermogravimetric analyses, results show that orthophosphate treatments lead to secondary phase formation and complex thermal annealing behaviors. In contrast, polyphosphate treatments help to prevent against aragonite dissolution during water exposure, and also provide a slight increase in the thermal stability of aragonite with regard to conversion to calcite.
Application of deep learning as an ancillary diagnostic tool for thyroid FNA cytology

Several studies have used artificial intelligence (AI) to analyze cytology images, but AI has yet to be adopted in clinical practice. The objective of this study was to demonstrate the accuracy of AI‐based image analysis for thyroid fine‐needle aspiration cytology (FNAC) and to propose its application in clinical practice.
Neutron-rich α-rich freeze-out and the r-process in the high-entropy neutrino-energized supernova bubble

The high-entropy α-rich freeze-out of neutron-rich nuclei suggested by Woosley and Hoffman and the subsequent formation of r-nuclides are studied in the framework of a recent supernova model. The calculations are performed with the help of a single reaction network that is able to describe the establishment of the nuclear statistical equilibrium, the charged-particle reaction freeze-out, and the subsequent neutron captures and β-decays that produce the r-nuclides. We analyze the effect of using various models for the nuclear binding energies, and in particular the new Extended Thomas-Fermi plus Strutinsky Integral method and the finite-range droplet model
A Combined Risk Score Model to Assess Prognostic Value in Patients with Soft Tissue Sarcomas

A study by Tsvetkov et al. recently published a proposed novel form of copper-induced cell death in Science; however, few studies have looked into the possible mechanism in soft tissue sarcoma (STS). Herein, this study sought to investigate the function of cuproptosis-related genes (CRGs) in the development of tumor-associated immune cells and the prognosis of sarcoma. Herein, this study aimed to explore the role of cuproptosis-related genes (CRGs) in the development, tumor-associated immune cells, and the prognosis of sarcoma. Methods: The prognostic model was established via the least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) algorithm as well as multivariate Cox regression analysis. The stromal scores, immune scores, ESTIMA scores, and tumor purity of sarcoma patients were evaluated by the ESTIMATE algorithm. Functional analyses were performed to investigate the underlying mechanisms of immune cell infiltration and the prognosis of CRGs in sarcoma. Results: Two molecular subgroups with different CRG expression patterns were recognized, which showed that patients with a higher immune score and more active immune status were prone to have better prognostic survival. Moreover, GO and KEGG analyses showed that these differentially expressed CRGs were mainly enriched in metabolic/ions-related signaling pathways, indicating that CRGs may have impacts on the immune cell infiltration and prognosis of sarcoma via regulating the bioprocess of mitochondria and consequently affecting the immune microenvironment. The expression levels of CRGs were closely correlated to the immunity condition and prognostic survival of sarcoma patients. Conclusions: The interaction between cuproptosis and immunity in sarcoma may provide a novel insight into the study of molecular mechanisms and candidate biomarkers for the prognosis, resulting in effective treatments for sarcoma patients.
Diffusion Changes in Hippocampal Cingulum in Early Biologically Defined Alzheimer's Disease.

BACKGROUND Diagnosis of Alzheimer's disease (AD) was recently shifted from clinical to biological construct to reflect underlying neuropathological status, where amyloid deposition designated patients to the AD continuum, and additional tau positivity represented AD. OBJECTIVE To investigate white matter (WM) alteration in the brain of patients in the AD continuum. METHODS A total of 236 subjects across the clinical and biological spectra of AD were included and stratified by normal/abnormal (-/+) amyloid (A) and tau (T) status based on positron emission tomography results, yielding five groups: A-T-cognitively normal (CN), A+T-CN, A+T+ CN, A+T+ mild cognitive impairment, and A+T+ AD. WM alteration was measured by diffusion tensor imaging (DTI). Group differences, correlation of DTI measures with amyloid and tau, and diagnostic performance of such measures were evaluated. RESULTS Compared with A-T-CN, widespread WM alteration was observed in the AD continuum, including hippocampal cingulum (CGH), cingulum of the cingulate gyrus, and uncinate fasciculus. Diffusion changes measured by regional mean fractional anisotropy (FA) in the bilateral CGH were first detected in the A+T+ CN group and associated with tau burden in the AD continuum (p < 0.001). For discrimination between A+T+ CN and A-T-CN groups, CGH FA achieved accuracy, sensitivity, and specificity of 74%, 58%, and 78% for right CGH and 57%, 83%, and 47% respectively for left CGH. CONCLUSION WM alteration is widespread in the AD continuum. Diffusion alteration in CGH occurred early and was correlated with tau pathology, thus may be a promising biomarker in preclinical AD.
CO Observations of NGC 2359: The Molecular Clouds Revisited

Based on CO (2–1) observations obtained with the Swedish-ESO Submillimeter Telescope, the distribution of molecular material associated with the Wolf-Rayet ring nebula NGC 2359 has been determined. The angular resolution is 22″, and the velocity resolution is 0.33 km s-1. Three molecular components are detected in the direction of the nebula. The bulk of the molecular gas is observed at 54 km s-1 and follows the southeastern border of the nebula. Adopting a distance d = 5 kpc for NGC 2359, an H2 mass of about 1200 ± 500 M⊙ appears to be related to the southern part of the nebula, while 140 ± 50 M⊙ are linked to the filamentary windblown bubble. The volume density of the molecular gas related to the southern bar is ≥103 H2 molecules cm-3, while lower densities were estimated for the material associated with the filamentary windblown bubble. From the present data, it is not clear if the molecular gas at 37 km s-1 (≃380 ± 120 M⊙, d = 5 kpc) is associated with the nebula, but the molecular material observed at 67 km s-1 (≃70 ± 25 M⊙, d = 5 kpc) seems to be unconnected. The comparison between ionized, H I, and molecular distributions indicates that the H I filament detected with the Very Large Array is located at the interface between the ionized and molecular material, and that the H I filament at 54 km s-1 has originated in the photodissociation of the H2. Most of the molecular gas associated with the filamentary bubble seems to be interstellar in origin. The dynamics of the nebula is reanalyzed based on these new molecular results. It is consistent with either momentum conservation or an intermediate stage between energy and momentum conservation.
Cloudiness and Marine Boundary Layer Dynamics in the ASTEX Lagrangian Experiments. Part II: Cloudiness, Drizzle, Surface Fluxes, and Entrainment

Abstract The Analysis of the Atlantic Stratocumulus Transition Experiment (ASTEX) Lagrangians started in Part I is continued, presenting measurements of sea surface temperature, surface latent and sensible heat fluxes from bulk aerodynamic formulas, cloud fraction, and drizzle rate for the two Lagrangians, mainly using data from horizontal legs flown by the Electra and C130. Substantial drizzle, averaging 1 mm day−1 at the surface, was measured during the first Lagrangian. The surface fluxes increased rapidly as the air mass advected over rapidly increasing SST. Cloud fraction remained high throughout. During the second Lagrangian, drizzle formed in the stratocumulus layer but mainly evaporated in the deep, dry cumulus layer and the subcloud layer before reaching the surface. Stratocumulus cloud cover was thickest when moist air lay above the inversion and then it dissipated to leave only cumuli once dry air advected over the inversion. Three methods are compared for determining entrainment rate (European.
Measuring the macroeconomic determinants of agricultural price volatility: Implications for natural resource commodity prices for green recovery

With rapid growth, green economic recovery has been a key agenda for the globe. However, the price volatility for natural resources plays a significant role in reshaping the green recovery. Therefore, the current study investigates the impact of green recovery, hum, a capital index, GDP growth, foreign direct investment and inflation on natural resource volatility in China from 1995 to 2020. In order to investigate the long-term association among selected variables, this study employs the Autoregressive Distributive Lag (ARDL) model. In addition, the current research uses the Aikaik information (AIC) criteria for the model selections. Obtained outcomes show the significant contribution of green recovery, human capital, GDP growth, FDI and inflation increase the natural resource price volatility level. However, to validate the results of ARDL, this study also used the ECM approach and validated the prior findings. On behalf of outcomes, the current study implies some imperative policies to attain the desired objective for green growth.
The Efficiency of Environmental Project Financing with Green Bonds in the Energy Sector: Evidence from EU Countries

This paper investigates whether the issue of green bonds by energy companies allows lowering the cost of funding for their environmental projects. We use empirical data on green bond placement in the energy sector and comparable conventional bond yield curves to prove the existence of the green bond yield discount. The sample includes 37 plain vanilla green bond issues and comparable yield curves of EU energy companies for 2017–2020 with total volume EUR 25 bn. We demonstrate that green bonds have a 4.7 bps lower average yield compared to conventional bonds. This green bond discount is statistically significant at a 5% level and does not depend on issue size or debut status of the issue. We draw three main conclusions: (1) energy companies may lower cost of funding by issuing green bonds, making environmental projects more economically attractive, (2) the green bond discount is present for both inaugural and subsequent green bond issues, which makes it reasonable to finance all environmental projects with green bonds, (3) the green bond discount does not depend on the issue size, which makes green bonds an appropriate choice for financing capital-intensive projects.
Organic thin film transistors using 6,13-bis(tri-isopropylsilylethynyl) pentacene embedded into polymer binders

The active channel material of an organic thin film transistor (OTFT), 6,13-bis(tri-isopropylsilylethynyl)pentacene (TIPS pentacene), is a functionalized pentacene designed to enhance both the solubility and solid-state packing of the pentacene. In this work, in order to improve device performance, three types of polymer binders—poly(α-methylstyrene) (PAMS), poly(4-vinylbiphenyl) (PVBP), and poly(triarylamine) (PTAA)—were employed to fabricate OTFT devices with organic soluble TIPS pentacene. These binders improved film formation in a large area uniformly and helped the TIPS pentacene to form a stronger binding between source/drain electrodes onto dielectric layer. Thus, device performance was highly improved due to improvement of interfacial contact and an increase in the charge transfer in the active channel. OTFTs using TIPS pentacene with PAMS, PVBP, and PTAA for field effect mobilities in the saturation regime have 5×10−3, 8×10−3, and 2.7×10−2 cm2/V s, respectively.
Charge Order Competition Leading to Nonlinearity in Organic Thyristor Family

Simultaneous synchrotron radiation and transport measurements for the organic thyristor family compound θ-(BEDT-TTF) 2 RbZn(SCN) 4 have revealed the presence of microscopic competing domains between the twofold and 3 ×4 charge orderings in a triangular lattice. In contrast to conventional correlated electron systems, charge ordering is a unique critical parameter of phase competition. With external current, only the twofold ordering melts, which is responsible for the emergence of a nonlinear response.
A Minisurvey of Interstellar Titanium from the Southern Hemisphere

We describe the results of a minisurvey of interstellar Ti II and Ca II absorption toward 42 early-type stars observed from the southern hemisphere at a spectral resolution of 4.5 km s-1. Results are also presented for the Na I ultraviolet line (3302 Å) detected toward nine of these targets. We examine the dependence of the integrated column densities of N(Ti II), N(Ca II), and N(Na I) on distance, reddening, neutral hydrogen column density, and their Galactic elemental abundance. Our findings support the proposition that Ti II and Ca II absorption originates in the same regions of the pervasive, warm, and neutral intercloud gas of the interstellar medium. We have observed a correlation of decreasing Ti and Ca abundance with increasing line-of-sight gas density. The Ti II/Ca II abundance ratio has been found to be essentially constant under all the interstellar density conditions we have sampled. Thus, we conclude that the general absorption properties of titanium (and calcium) are similar throughout the entire disk of our Galaxy.
Condensation chemistry of carbon stars

A historical overview about the development of thermodynamic calculations and their application to stellar atmospheres is given. Thermochemical equilibrium chemistry for major and trace elements in carbon star atmospheres is discussed. The calculations indicate TiC, graphite and SiC dust formation within 1–3 stellar radii from the photosphere. Trace element abundance patterns observed in circumstellar SiC grains isolated from meteorites are modeled by fractional condensation. The complementary trace element patterns in SiC grains and those in N-star atmospheres are plausibly explained by fractional condensation during stellar variability cycles.
Reply on RC1

In this paper the authors report on a series of data assimilation experiments in which three different data streams (tower fluxes, MODIS NDVI, atm CO2 concentrations) were assimilated into the ORCHIDEE model individually, in pairs, or all together to assess the impact of multiple constraints on model parameters and predictions. The clearest take-away from the exercise was the importance of initializing soil carbon (C) pools by site or region to account for the non-equilibrium nature of the contemporary carbon cycle.
On the Appropriateness of Statistical Tests in Machine Learning

One of the greatest machine learning problems of today is an intractable number of new algorithms being presented at our conferences, workshops and journals. A similar rush of ideas and results also plagues most other scientiﬁc ﬁelds and some have already questioned the usefulness of statistical tests for telling the true relations from the false. Statistical tests have been criticized as conceptually wrong almost from their inception. They do not work well in situations when numerous groups conduct similar research. Not measuring what we are really interested in, they can promote the randomly successful ideas instead of the good but unlucky ones. We unfortunately see no established alternatives in other ﬁelds of science which could be transplanted to our ﬁeld. We however speculate on a possible spontaneously appearing solution in a form of a worldwide peer review. Machine learning is being suﬀocated by the ease with which we can generate new algorithms or, in most cases, slight variations of the existing ones by using ﬂexible and extendible frameworks such as Weka (Witten & Frank, 1999) and many others. Our conferences and journals are beleaguered by papers describing novel ways to do feature subset selection, discretization and model selection, not to mention every-thing that one can do to kernel methods, which can in this respect compete only with random forests from a few years ago, and boosting and bagging before that. The
Changes in global teleconnection patterns under global warming and stratospheric aerosol intervention scenarios

Abstract. We investigate the potential impact of stratospheric aerosol intervention (SAI) on the spatiotemporal behavior of large-scale climate teleconnection patterns represented by the North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO), Pacific Decadal Oscillation (PDO), El Niño–Southern Oscillation (ENSO) and Atlantic Multidecadal Oscillation (AMO) indices using simulations from the Community Earth System Model versions 1 and 2 (CESM1 and CESM2). The leading empirical orthogonal function of sea surface temperature (SST) anomalies indicates that greenhouse gas (GHG) forcing is accompanied by increases in variance across both the North Atlantic (i.e., AMO) and North Pacific (i.e., PDO) and a decrease over the tropical Pacific (i.e., ENSO); however, SAI effectively reverses these global-warming-imposed changes. The projected spatial patterns of SST anomaly related to ENSO show no significant change under either global warming or SAI. In contrast, the spatial anomaly pattern changes pertaining to the AMO (i.e., in the North Atlantic) and PDO (i.e., in the North Pacific) under global warming are effectively suppressed by SAI. For the AMO, the low contrast between the cold-tongue pattern and its surroundings in the North Atlantic, predicted under global warming, is restored under SAI scenarios to similar patterns as in the historical period. The frequencies of El Niño and La Niña episodes modestly increase with GHG emissions in CESM2, while SAI tends to compensate for them. All climate indices' dominant modes of inter-annual variability are projected to be preserved in both warming and SAI scenarios. However, the dominant decadal variability mode changes in the AMO, NAO, and PDO induced by global warming are not suppressed by SAI.
McGill University Faculty of Science Mathematics and Statistics Winter 2022: Directed Reading Program

The project commences by exploring the Expectation-Maximization (E-M) algorithm . This is a well-known and widely used method in statistics used to find maximum likelihood estimates of parameters in models where we regard the observations as incomplete data. The paper then investigates a detailed example using the multinomial distribution to further motivate and illustrate the algorithm. Another application of the algorithm, applied to a Gaussian mixture model, is also investigated.