Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Screening for symptoms of depression by physical therapists managing low back pain.

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Depression is a condition that worsens the prognosis of low back pain (LBP) and is under-recognized and undertreated in primary care. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the accuracy with which physical therapists screen for depressive symptoms among their patients with LBP. SUBJECTS Sixty-eight physical therapists and 232 patients with nonspecific LBP from 40 physical therapy clinics participated. METHODS Patients completed the reference standard (Depression Anxiety Stress Scales [DASS]) and a 2-item screening test for depression taken from the Primary Care Evaluation of Mental Disorders Procedure (PRIME-MD). Treating physical therapists used a 0 to 10 scale to judge whether each patient was depressed. Based on the short-form Depression Anxiety Stress Scales (DASS-21) depression scale score, each patient was categorized as exhibiting normal, mild, moderate, severe, or extremely severe depression symptoms, and receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves were generated to describe test accuracy. RESULTS The 2-item screening test was more accurate in screening for depressive symptoms than the physical therapists' ratings were; for example, in detecting moderate depressive symptoms in the 2 areas under the ROC curve, values were 0.66 versus 0.79. DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION Because the therapists did not accurately identify symptoms of depression, even symptoms of severe depression, despite the common presentation in their clinics, we recommend that physical therapists managing patients with LBP use the 2-item depression screening test. Administration of this screening test would improve physical therapists' ability to screen for symptoms of depression and would enable referral for appropriate management.
Antiinflammatory effect of mace, aril of Myristica fragrans Houtt., and its active principles.

Mace which is the aril of the fruit of Myristica fragrans HOUTT, has been used in Indonesian folk medicine as aromatic stomachics, analgesics, a medicine for rheumatism, etc. The present study was carried out to elucidate the antiinflammatory effect of methanol extract obtained from Mace and its active principles. The methanol extract was extracted with ether, and then the ether soluble fraction was extracted with n-hexane. The n-hexane soluble fraction was fractionated by silica gel column chromatography (Fr-l-Fr-V), and the active principle was isolated from Fr-II by thin layer chromatography (Fr-VI-Fr-VII). The antiinflammatory activity of these fractions was investigated on carrageenin-induced edema in rats and acetic acid-induced vascular permeability in mice. All fractions and indomethacin were suspended in 2% C.M. C. solution and administered p.o. The methanol extract (1.5 g/kg), ether fraction (0.9 g/kg), n-hexane fraction (0.5 g/kg), Fr-II (0.19 g/kg) and Fr-VI (0.17 g/kg) showed a lasting antiinflammatory activity, and the potencies of these fractions were approximately the same as that of indomethacin (10 mg/kg). Fr-VI was determined to be myristicin. These results suggest that the antiinflammatory action of Mace is due to the myristicin that it contains.
The reliability of the Epworth Sleepiness Score in a sleep clinic population

Despite the Epworth Sleepiness Score being widely used, there are limited studies of its reliability in clinical practice. The aim of this study was to assess the reliability of the Epworth Sleepiness Score in a clinical population. The study included patients referred to Middlemore Hospital sleep service between October and November 2014, aged over 17 years, with at least two Epworth Sleepiness Score measurements at up to three different points on the diagnostic pathway: on General Practitioner referral (GP Epworth Sleepiness Score); at overnight oximetry assessment (Oximetry Epworth Sleepiness Score); and at a specialist clinic (Specialist Epworth Sleepiness Score). No treatment was administered between scores. One‐hundred and thirty‐three patients were included in the study. There was a median of 91 days from GP Epworth Sleepiness Score to Oximetry Epworth Sleepiness Score, and 11 days from Oximetry Epworth Sleepiness Score to Specialist Epworth Sleepiness Score. There was poor test–retest reliability between GP Epworth Sleepiness Score and Specialist Epworth Sleepiness Score; 72.4% and 17.8% of patients had an absolute difference of more than 2 and 8 Epworth Sleepiness Score points, respectively. A Bland–Altman plot of mean Epworth Sleepiness Score versus the difference between GP Epworth Sleepiness Score and Specialist Epworth Sleepiness Score demonstrated a wide scatter of data and 95% confidence interval for the difference in Epworth Sleepiness Score for an individual patient of −14 to +10. There was similar variability between GP Epworth Sleepiness Score and Oximetry Epworth Sleepiness Score. The reliability of the Epworth Sleepiness Score is unproven in clinical settings. This study shows poor test–retest reliability of Epworth Sleepiness Score, particularly between primary and secondary care, arguing against the use of Epworth Sleepiness Score for clinical decision‐making or prioritisation of services without first assessing the reliability of the Epworth Sleepiness Score in the relevant clinical population.
Terms of trade and OECD policies to mitigate global climate change

Previous economic research has identified two ways policy to mitigate global climate change could be implemented without minimizing world costs. Costs are boosted when agreements to reduce greenhouse gas emissions are limited to a subset of countries or deadlines for reducing emissions force the premature retirement of energy-using capital equipment. Stephen Brown and Hillard Huntington identify a third way global warming policy could prove more costly from a world perspective-by countries using criteria other than a fuel's greenhouse gas content when determining how to reduce their emissions. According to the authors, an individual country can reduce its own cost of cutting emissions by more aggressively reducing its use of imported fuels than its exported fuels. Such a strategy would enable a country to obtain gains in the terms of trade at the expense of its trading partners. Although shifting costs this way benefits the individual country, it raises the world cost of reducing emissions. This potential for individual countries to shift costs could influence future international agreements on global warming policy.
Mutual exacerbation of PGC-1α deregulation and α-synuclein oligomerization

Objectives Aggregation of α-synuclein (α-syn) and α-syn cytotoxicity are hallmarks of sporadic and familial Parkinson’s disease (PD) with accumulating evidence that prefibrillar oligomers and protofibrils are the pathogenic species in PD and related synucleinopathies. Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ (PPARγ) co-activator 1α (PGC-1α), a key regulator of mitochondrial biogenesis and cellular energy metabolism, has recently been associated with the pathophysiology of PD. Despite extensive effort on studying the function of PGC-1α in mitochondria, no studies have addressed whether PGC-1α directly influences oligomerization of α-syn or whether α-syn oligomers impact PGC-1α expression.
The Impact of Measurement Error on Estimates of the Price Reaction to USDA Crop Reports

This paper investigates the impact of USDA crop production reports in corn and soybean futures markets. The analysis is based on all corn and soybean production reports released over 1970-2006. The empirical analysis compares the typical OLS event study approach to the new Identification by Censoring (ITC) technique. Corn and soybean production reports are analyzed both separately and together for impact in corn and soybean futures prices. ITC proves to be the more useful method because it avoids the pitfalls of errors in variables that cause downward bias in OLS coefficients. Price reaction coefficients estimated via ITC are one to four times larger than OLS estimates for a one price and one event analysis. In the two price, two event case, ITC estimates are one to six times larger. Market reaction to the unanticipated information in USDA forecasts is substantially larger than estimated in previous studies.
Metformin Mitigates Fibrosis and Glucose Intolerance Induced by Doxorubicin in Subcutaneous Adipose Tissue

Doxorubicin (DX) is a chemotherapeutic drug that is used in clinical practice that promotes deleterious side effects in non-tumor tissues such as adipose tissue. We showed that DX leads to extensive damage in adipose tissue via a disruption in 5′-adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase (AMPK) and PPAR-gamma signaling. Thus, we investigated whether co-treatment with the biguanide drug metformin (MET) could prevent the side effects of DX through the activation of AMPK in adipose tissue. The goal of the present study was to verify the effects of DX and adjuvant MET treatment in subcutaneous adipose tissue (SAT) and to determine whether MET could protect against chemotherapy-induced side effects. C57/BL6 mice received DX hydrochloride (2.5 mg/kg) intraperitoneally 2 times per week for 2 weeks (DX), concomitantly or not, with MET administration (300 mg/kg oral daily) (DX + MET). The control group (CTRL) was pair-fed according to the food consumption of the DX group. After euthanasia, adipose tissue fat pads were collected, and SAT was extracted so that adipocytes could be isolated. Glucose uptake was then measured, and histological, gene, and protein analyses were performed. One-way analysis of variance was also performed, and significance was set to 5%. DX reduced retroperitoneal fat mass and epididymal pads and decreased glycemia. In cultured primary subcutaneous adipocytes, mice in the DX group had lower glucose uptake when stimulated with insulin compared with mice in the CTRL group. Adipocytes in the DX group exhibited a reduced area, perimeter, and diameter; decreased adiponectin secretion; and decreased fatty acid synthase gene expression. SAT from MET-treated mice also showed a reduction in collagen deposition. Treatment with MET prevented fibrosis and restored glucose uptake in SAT after insulin stimulation, yet the drug was unable to prevent other side effects of DX such as tissue loss and inflammatory response.
A self-compensation algorithm for drift of platform inertial navigation system

In order to improve precision of navigation of platform inertial navigation system (PINS), a self-compensation algorithm for drift of PINS is given in this paper. According to characters of this disturbance torques acting on stable shaft of platform and moving shaft of gyroscope, they are classified detailed and first described by model parameters completely reflecting their movement law in time domain, the function relation from these model parameters to output signal of gyroscope is established. An effective float encoding genetic algorithm (FGA) is designed, and then these model parameters are identified by FGA and further used to compensate the disturbance torques acting on moving shaft of gyroscope for ultimately improving the system precision. The proposed method only applies output signal of gyroscope fixed on platform as reference signal, therefore this method is a self-compensation scheme for drift of platform. A simulation example demonstrated the efficiency of the proposed approach
Neutralizing antibodies to Escherichia coli Vero cytotoxin 1 and antibodies to O157 lipopolysaccharide in healthy farm family members and urban residents

An enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) to detect antibodies to Escherichia coli O157 lipopolysaccharide (LPS) was developed with sera from 63 children with confirmed recent E. coli O157 infection and from 256 age-stratified urban controls. The median ELISA values for control and case sera were 0.05 (interquartile range, 0 to 0.20; mean +/- standard deviation [SD], 0.15 +/- 0.22) and 1.41 (interquartile range, 1.11 to 1.59; mean +/- SD, 1.41 +/- 0.53), respectively (P < 0.001). With a breakpoint of 0.59 (mean ELISA value of the control sera + 2 SDs), the assay had a sensitivity, specificity, and positive and negative predictive values of 95, 94, 80, and 98%, respectively, for recent E. coli O157 infection. The O157 LPS assay and Vero cytotoxin (VT) 1-neutralizing-antibody (NAb) assay were used to compare the relative frequencies of O157 LPS antibodies and VT1-NAbs in an age-stratified urban population from Toronto, Ontario, Canada, and in 216 healthy family members from dairy farm in southern Ontario. The frequency of O157 LPS antibodies was about threefold higher in dairy farm residents (12.5%) than in urban residents (4.7%) (P < 0.01). Similarly, the frequency of VT1-NAbs was about sixfold higher in dairy farm residents (42.0%) than in urban residents (7.7%) (P < 0.001). These findings are consistent with a greater level of exposure of dairy farm residents to VT-producing E. coli (VTEC) strains. The high rate of seropositivity to VT1 in farm residents probably reflects the booster effect of repeated VTEC exposures and argues against a sustained generalized immunosuppressive effect of VT1. Seroepidemiological studies may help in assessing the level of exposure of different populations to VTEC strains.
Accounting for Income Taxes: Primer, Extant Research, and Future Directions

This monograph comprehensively reviews the Accounting for Income Taxes (AFIT) literature. We begin by identifying four distinctive aspects of AFIT. We cover the rules surrounding AFIT and provide a discussion of the descriptive studies related to AFIT. We then review the existing research studies in detail and offer suggestions for future research. We focus on the two research questions that have been most widely studied (the extent to which managers use the tax accounts to manipulate earnings and whether equity market participants price the tax accounts). We discuss econometric issues that apply to AFIT and more broadly apply to much accounting and economics research. We also highlight areas that have not received much research attention and that warrant future analysis.
Protective Vaccination Against Genital Herpes Simplex Virus Type 2 (HSV‐2) Infection in Mice is Associated with a Rapid Induction of Local IFN‐γ‐Dependent RANTES Production Following a Vaginal Viral Challenge

PROBLEM: To investigate the production of the CC chemokines RANTES, MCP‐1, and MIP‐1α in the vaginal mucosa following HSV‐2 challenge in vaccinated and unvaccinated mice. METHOD OF STUDY: The concentrations of the chemokines were determined in the vagina of HSV‐2‐vaccinated as well as unvaccinated mice after HSV‐2 challenge using a PERFEXT method combined with ELISA. RESULTS: HSV‐2 infection did not induce any measurable levels of MIP‐1α, whereas high levels of RANTES and MCP‐1 were detected in unvaccinated animals at 48 hr post challenge. The vaccinated mice developed a more rapid induction of RANTES, but not of MCP‐1, appearing as early as 24 hr post challenge. The local induction of RANTES production was preceded by a vaginal IFN‐γ response. Furthermore, vaccinated IFN‐γ−/− mice did not produce any enhanced levels of RANTES following HSV‐2 challenge. CONCLUSIONS: The protective immune response against genital HSV‐2 infection is associated with a rapid induction of local IFN‐γ‐dependent RANTES production.
ENTRAVES CULTURAIS DE APRENDIZAGEM ORGANIZACIONAL NO CONTEXTO DA GESTÃO SOCIAL

O objetivo deste ensaio teorico e identificar elementos culturais que dificultam o processo de aprendizagem organizacional, voltado para o constructo teorico da gestao social. Para tanto, o texto foi divido em quatro partes. Na primeira, sao abordados aspectos relativos ao conceito de gestao social diferenciando-a de outros modelos de gestao. Na segunda parte sao apresentadas nocoes de aprendizagem organizacional, focalizando a importância do capital social e da formacao de redes sociais. Na terceira parte sao identificados os entraves culturais vivenciados pela aprendizagem organizacional, os quais limitam o desenvolvimento da gestao social. Na ultima parte sinaliza-se para possiveis iniciativas de superacao dos entraves identificados. Entre eles: a realizacao de pesquisas etnograficas e a promocao de trabalhos de pesquisa com equipes multidisciplinares. Acredita-se que a associacao de estudos focando a abordagem cognitivista e a sociopratica seria uma alternativa, pois e possivel trabalhar em um sentido complementar, englobando aspectos sociais, historicos e cognitivos.
The Influence of Norfloxacin and Metronidazole on the Disposition of Mycophenolate Mofetil

The objective of this study was to investigate the effect of concurrent antibiotic administration on the disposition of mycophenolic acid (MPA) and mycophenolic acid glucuronide (MPAG) after oral administration of mycophenolate mofetil (MMF) in healthy subjects. Eleven healthy subjects were enrolled. The study was divided into 4 treatment periods. Subjects received MMF as a single oral 1‐g dose alone and were then randomized to 3 antibiotic treatment periods. The 3 periods included norfloxacin, metronidazole, and a combination of norfloxacin and metronidazole. Antibiotic treatment was started 3 days prior to each MMF pharmacokinetic study day and was given for a total of 5 days. On day 4 of each antibiotic phase, subjects received a single 1‐g oral dose of MMF. Plasma and urine samples were obtained over 48 hours after the MMF dose in all treatment periods and were quantitatively measured for MPA and MPAG. Pharmacokinetic parameters for MPA and MPAG were determined for all periods. Compared to MMF alone, the area under the plasma concentration versus time curve (AUC) of MPA was reduced by an average of 10%, 19%, and 33% when given with norfloxacin, metronidazole, and norfloxacin plus metronidazole, respectively. The AUC of MPAG was also reduced on average by 10%, 27%, and 41% in the corresponding periods. The combination of norfloxacin and metronidazole significantly reduced the AUC of MPA and MPAG in healthy subjects. This likely occurs as a result of reduced enterohepatic recirculation.
Emergent Realities of Global Competition

Purpose – The purpose of the paper is to discuss the new realities of global rivalry which has been elevated to include economic competition between nations, in addition to the more traditional forms of competitive interactions between firms.Design/methodology/approach – The Introduction section discusses the changes that global geopolitics and the economy have undergone from the end of the Second World War to the present time. The 11 macro‐economic factors that have impacted international business over this time period are then discussed. The next section of the paper discusses the nature of the new relational assets of firms, their locations, and the means of harnessing and utilizing them in knowledge‐based economic competition. A series of propositions relating to the nature of these assets, how managers of corporations can access them, the roles and skill sets required of these managers, and the competitive advantages these assets provide, are then presented. The Conclusion section explores the impact.
Research Note: Revenue and Labour Demand in the Hotel Industry: An Investigation of Endogeneity

This paper investigates the effect of hotel room revenue on labour demand based on data for international tourist hotels in Taiwan. Past empirical research on the relationship between hotel room revenue and labour demand has failed to take into account the fact that the causality between these two variables can be a two-way rather than just a one-way relationship. In other words, room revenue can affect labour demand and vice versa. The authors address this issue by using an instrumental variables (IV) regression approach in which room revenue and hotel labour demand can be determined simultaneously. The empirical results indicate that a failure to account for the two-way causality will underestimate the effect of room revenue on labour demand. The findings are of particular importance to hotel managers as the authors provide more accurate estimates for the relationship between hotel room revenue and labour demand.
Muscular Lower Leg Asymmetry in Middle-Aged People

Background: The purpose of this study was to determine whether muscular asymmetries were present in the lower legs of recreationally active middle-aged people grouped by leg dominance. Methods: Twelve healthy middle-aged subjects were analyzed bilaterally. The clinical variables included leg dominance, sports level, range of motion, lower leg alignment, calf circumference, and AOFAS (American Orthopaedic Foot and Ankle Society) ankle score. The biomechanical variables included maximal voluntary isometric ankle joint torque and surface electromyography (EMG) with determination of mean EMG frequency and intensity of four lower leg muscles: anterior tibial (AT), medial gastrocnemius (MG), soleus (SO), and peroneus longus (PL). Results: The mean EMG frequency was significantly lower in the dominant leg for the AT (dominant, 148.6 Hz; nondominant, 157.8 Hz) and MG muscles (dominant, 183.9 Hz; nondominant, 196.8 Hz). A significantly higher plantarflexion torque was found in the dominant leg (27.1 Nm) compared to the nondominant leg (22.9 Nm). Higher (not significant) dorsiflexion torque was found in the dominant leg (dominant, 27.3 Nm; nondominant, 24.8 Nm). The calf circumference was marginally significantly higher (p = 0.039) in the dominant leg (34.2 cm; nondominant leg, 33.8 cm). The dominant leg had a higher but not significantly different mean EMG intensity for all four muscles. Conclusions and Clinical Relevance: Differences in muscle EMG and torque were found between the dominant and nondominant lower leg. These results might be applicable to treatment, rehabilitation, and future research of lower leg and foot and ankle disorders.
Scalable Human-Robot Interactions in Active Sensor Networks

Decentralized sensor networks promise virtually unlimited scalability and can tolerate individual component failures. An experimental active sensor network that leverages environment-centric modes of human-robot interaction can keep up with a network's arbitrary growth. Spatially distributed sensors provide better coverage, faster response to dynamically changing environments, better survivability, and robustness to failure. Taking an extra step to a decentralized system provides further benefits of scalability, modularity, and performance. Our active sensor network is a collection of sensing platforms connected into a network. Some or all of the network components have actuators that we can control, making them, in this sense, active. A mobile robot with onboard sensors and a communication facility is an example of an active component. We investigate the scalability of an important aspect of an ASN: interaction with human operations.
Unionism and the Dispersion of Wages

This study examines the effect of trade unionism on the dispersion of wages among male wage and salary workers in the private sector in the United States. It finds that the application of union wage policies designed to standardize rates within and across establishments significantly reduces wage dispersion among workers covered by union contracts and that unions further reduce wage dispersion by narrowing the white-collar/blue-collar differential within establishments. These effects dominate the more widely studied impact of unionism on the dispersion of average wages across industries, so that on net unionism appears to reduce rather than increase wage dispersion or inequality in the United States.