Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The Historical Phonology of Munsee

I Reconstructions that can be found in Aubin (1975) or are based on words or sources cited there are generally given without supporting forms. Otherwise the languages cited and their basic sources are as follows (with abbreviations in parentheses): Fox (F): Jones (1907); Bulletins and Annual Reports of the Bureau of American Ethnology (Washington, D.C.: Smithsonian Institution) (BAE-B and BAE-AR). Kickapoo (K): Jones (1915); Voorhis (1967; 1974). Cree (C): Faries (1938); Bloomfield (1934); L. Bloomfield, "Cree Lexicon," manuscript slip file seen at the National Museum of Canada, Ottawa, in 1964. Menomini (M): Bloomfield (1962; 1975). Ojibwa (O): Baraga (1878; 1880); Bloomfield, (1957); Nichols and Nyholm (1979). Shawnee (Sh) and Miami (Mi): Voegelin (1938-40). Eastern Abenaki (EAb): Rale (1833); Siebert (1975). Western Abenaki (WAb): Laurent (1884). Massachusett (Mass): Trumbull (1903). Narragansett (Narr): Williams (1936). Munsee Delaware (unlabeled forms): J. N. B. Hewitt, "Cosmologic Legend," manuscript no. 16 in National Anthropological Archives, Smithsonian Institution; I. Goddard, field notes 1965-70. Unami Delaware (U): I. Goddard, field notes 1966-70. Powhatan: Strachey (1953:174-207). Cheyenne (Ch): Alford and Leman (1976). Arapaho (Ar): Salzmann (1963). Atsina (Ats): Taylor (1967). Cited forms are phonemic or taken as phonemic (sometimes phonemicized from the sources) except for Miami, Illinois, premodern Delaware, Eastern Abenaki (of Rale), Massachusett, Nanticoke, Narragansett, and Powhatan. Also phonemic are segments, sequences, and morphemes given in slashes. Underlying representations are between vertical bars and (in Delaware) have long vowels indicated by macrons rather than raised dots. Plain numbers refer to the examples; boldface numbers refer to sections. Abbreviations: PEA = Proto-Eastern-Algonquian; 1. = line; AN = animate gender; INAN = inanimate gender. Other grammatical abbreviations as in Bloomfield (1962).
Getting More Out of Less: The Benefits of Short-Term Experiential Learning in Undergraduate Sociology Courses.

Experiential learning is a flexible instructional tool, adaptable to suit most courses. However, only a minority of instructors use these types of assignments in their courses. I examine whether short-term experiential learning reduces the drawbacks that may prevent instructors from using this instructional technique. I explore instructor and student perspectives on three types of short-term exercises: observations, participant-observations, and field trips. I find that short-term experiential assignments reduce the logistical concerns involved in experiential exercises and increase the opportunities for analytical reflection, especially for instructors of smaller courses and for non-field trip activities. In large introductory lecture courses, additional steps to structure the reflection process can successfully alleviate many of the problems dealing with lack of analysis. Proper selection of exercises included and careful choices about their use in courses or units with sensitive subject matter will help increase the chance of positive learning outcomes
Homomorphism reconfiguration via homotopy

We consider the following problem for a fixed graph H: given a graph G and two H-colorings of G, i.e. homomorphisms from G to H, can one be transformed (reconfigured) into the other by changing one color at a time, maintaining an H-coloring throughout. This is the same as finding a path in the Hom(G,H) complex. For H=K_k this is the problem of finding paths between k-colorings, which was shown to be in P for k<=3 and PSPACE-complete otherwise by Cereceda et al. 2011. We generalize the positive side of this dichotomy by providing an algorithm that solves the problem in polynomial time for any H with no C_4 subgraph. This gives a large class of constraints for which finding solutions to the Constraint Satisfaction Problem is NP-complete, but finding paths in the solution space is P. The algorithm uses a characterization of possible reconfiguration sequences (paths in Hom(G,H)), whose main part is a purely topological condition described in algebraic terms of the fundamental groupoid of H seen as a topological space.
Cat's Cradle: Working with other people in overlapping real and virtual worlds through tangled strands of visual and other media

Experience of small and medium enterprises shows successful col laborative projects are a function of human and technical networking. Both would be enhanced by the provision of ‘virtual offices’ that allow for file sharing and fo r awareness of the presence and activities of others. An advanced Virtual Reality multi media and ‘virtual office’ project is described. Some new issues arise when combining f le handling and exchange on the World Wide Web, Virtual Reality, video, audio. Technical issues concern the best local and transport architectures. The ability to change d switch between workgroup boundaries with multiple media raises inportant social, inter face, and technical questions. One of these is the relation between the ‘spatial m odel’ and the ‘address model’ at the local and network architecture levels.
On the Error and Outage Performance of Coherent UWB Systems over Indoor Wireless Channels

In this paper, we propose an accurate method for evaluating the performance of Ultra-Wideband (UWB) coherent receivers over the IEEE 802.15. 3a channel model. Depending on the severeness of fading, the method consists of approximating the distribution of the captured channel energy by either a Coxian, gamma-mixture or lognormal distribution based on a least square fitting criterion. The proposed approximations lend themselves to simple mathematical analysis and turn out to be useful in evaluating the performance, in terms of average bit-error-rate (BER) and outage probability, over the IEEE 802.15. 3a channels.
Reliability and validity of K10 and K6 in screening depressive symptoms in Hong Kong adolescents

The current study examined the reliability and validity of Kessler 10 (K10) and Kessler 6 (K6) in screening adolescents at risk of suffering from depression. In total, 2325 Hong Kong secondary school students aged between 12 and 19 years completed a questionnaire consisting of Chinese-language versions of K10 (which includes K6) and Beck Depression Inventory-II (BDI-II). Confirmatory factor analyses results supported that both K10 and K6 were unidimensional and had high internal consistency when used with Hong Kong adolescents. When BDI II was used as the gold standard, the receiver operating characteristics (ROC) supported that both K10 and K6 have good validity, using optimal cutoffs of 27 for K10 and 17 for K6. The results in this Hong Kong sample suggest that both K10 and K6 are reliable and valid tools to screen for adolescents’ depressive mood in epidemiological survey research.
A case study of usability testing on an asynchronous e-Learning platform

An effective and efficient e-Learning platform should hide systems' complexity and provide an easy and flexible interaction operation. Poor interface design of e-Learning platform is a main factor impacting on students' interactive with system and learning outcomes. The purpose of this study is to evaluate a non-degree e-Learning platform with Performance Analysis and User perception methods to investigate the system's efficiency, effectiveness and satisfaction. In this study, efficiency and effectiveness are evaluated by Time on Task and Task Completion score. Satisfaction is evaluated by Questionnaire and participants' feedback. Based on these data, this article analyzed the main interface design problem that frustrate learners and distract them from learning task, and given some advice for interface design in e-Learning platform.
George Herrera , an elementary teacher in a mid-size urban K – 12 school district located outside of KaiLonnie Dunsmore

a large metropolitan area in the western United States, became very excited about how this single effort to integrate the literacies of home and school transformed student learning. Before that moment, conscious of the economic poverty of many of his students, he had rarely asked them to connect school work to conversations, practices, or resources at home. A number of his students were technically homeless, living in converted garages or small sheds behind other homes (George, interview, 11/2011). George believed that by not asking students to bring things from home, he had been “doing them a favor,” and “making the playing field more even. ” Over time, however, as he engaged in a form of community mapping (Tindle, Leconte, Buchanan, & Taymans, 2005), he began to develop an increasing awareness of the literacies already present in students’ home lives, as well as the lack of time and space in his classroom for the kinds of talk and texts that came from home. George Herrera’s community mapping work emerged from his participation in a Family Literacy Community of Practice or CoP (Wenger, 1999), a group formed around a collectively owned inquiry about the literacies in students’ family and community life and how those might support school-based literacy learning. As part of this work, George was using the analytic and conceptual tools of an ethnographer to map the literacies in the surrounding community. This process was changing how he thought about the role and value of out-of-school literacy practices and how they could support school learning. Along with the other teachers in the CoP, George had begun to redefine his understanding of school-based literacy to recognize the multiple and complex literacies available to students—literacies he had typically ignored. So, while he cast it as a Eric rarely did his homework. He is a bright sixth-grade student who is more focused on having fun and making his fellow classmates smile or watch in awe at his bravery than on following the classroom norms and engaging with the curriculum. His teacher, George Herrera, says, “He is one that we call ‘travieso’ [Spanish for mischievous or naughty]. Not a bad student but not one very engaged. ” Yet, today, he came into class clearly excited about his homework in the poetry unit and, for the first time, fully engaged. George describes the situation this way:
Interleukin-1 receptor antagonist prevents low dose streptozotocin induced diabetes in mice.

The effect of the interleukin-1 receptor antagonist (IL-1ra) on development of hyperglycemia and insulitis in mice treated with multiple low doses of streptozotocin (STZ) was evaluated. C57BL/Ks mice were subjected to the following treatments: 1) Injections i.p. of phosphate-buffered saline (PBS) alone; 2) STZ (5 x 40 mg/kg bw); 3) STZ + PBS delivered by an osmotic pump implanted s.c; 4) STZ + IL-1ra delivered by an osmotic pump (approximately 8 mg/kg bw) for 12-14 days starting on day 5, the last day of STZ injection. IL-1ra had a clear protective action against hyperglycemia and insulitis until day 19, i.e., on cessation of IL-1ra administration. Thus, the results indicate that sustained administration of IL-1ra can prevent the diabetogenic process elicited by low dose STZ treatment, suggesting that IL-1 may have a role in the pathogenesis of this form of diabetes.
Most Human Proteins Made in Both Nucleus and Cytoplasm Turn Over within Minutes

In bacteria, protein synthesis can be coupled to transcription, but in eukaryotes it is believed to occur solely in the cytoplasm. Using pulses as short as 5 s, we find that three analogues – L-azidohomoalanine, puromycin (detected after attaching fluors using ‘click’ chemistry or immuno-labeling), and amino acids tagged with ‘heavy’ 15N and 13C (detected using secondary ion mass spectrometry) – are incorporated into the nucleus and cytoplasm in a process sensitive to translational inhibitors. The nuclear incorporation represents a significant fraction of the total, and labels in both compartments have half-lives of less than a minute; results are consistent with most newly-made peptides being destroyed soon after they are made. As nascent RNA bearing a premature termination codon (detected by fluorescence in situ hybridization) is also eliminated by a mechanism sensitive to a translational inhibitor, the nuclear turnover of peptides is probably a by-product of proof-reading the RNA for stop codons (a process known as nonsense-mediated decay). We speculate that the apparently-wasteful turnover of this previously-hidden (‘dark-matter’) world of peptide is involved in regulating protein production.
A parallel manipulator for mobile manipulating UAVs

Manipulating objects using arms mounted to unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) is attractive because UAVs may access many locations that are otherwise inaccessible to traditional mobile manipulation platforms such as ground vehicles. Most previous efforts seeking to coordinate the combined manipulator-UAV system have focused on using a manipulator to extend the UAV's reach and assume that both the UAV and manipulator can reliably reach commanded goal poses. This work accepts the reality that state of the art UAV positioning precision is not of a high enough quality to reliably perform simple tasks such as grasping objects. A 6 degree of freedom parallel manipulator is used to robustly maintain precise end-effector positions despite host UAV perturbations. A description of a unique parallel manipulator that allows for very little moving mass, and is easily stowed below a quadrotor UAV is presented along with flight test results and an analytical comparison to a serial manipulator.
A scenario-based approach to robust Estimation of Air Traffic Flow Boundary

Estimation of Air Traffic Flow Boundary (EATFB) is at the core of conformance monitoring in Air Traffic Control (ATC) operations. Due to the impact of stochastic uncertainties on the real trajectories of air traffic flow flying along some nominal trajectory, a novel probabilistic flow boundary is proposed to address the robustness of the boundary. Then, we formulate the EATFB problem into a Chance-Constrained Optimization Program (C-COP). And a scenario-based approach is presented to approximately solve the C-COP with a predefined probabilistic guarantee. The efficacy of the proposed approach is verified by investigating both the horizontal and vertical profiles of air traffic flow based on the real ADS-B trajectory data. Moreover, the Monte Carlo method is adopted to further assess the robustness of the estimated boundary.
Identification of Predictive DNA Methylation Biomarkers for Chemotherapy Response in Colorectal Cancer

Resistance to 5-Fluorouracil (5-FU) is a major obstacle to the successful treatment of colorectal cancer (CRC) and posed an increased risk of recurrence. DNA methylation has been suggested as one of the underlying mechanisms for recurrent disease and its contribution to the development of drug resistance remains to be clarified. This study aimed to determine the methylation phenotype in CRC for identification of predictive markers for chemotherapy response. We performed DNA methylation profiling on 43 non-recurrent and five recurrent CRC patients using the Illumina Infinium HumanMethylation450 Beadchip assay. In addition, CRC cells with different genetic backgrounds, response to 5-FU and global methylation levels (HT29 and SW48) were treated with 5-FU and DNA methylation inhibitor 5-aza-2′-deoxycytidine (5-azadC). The singular and combined effects of these two drug classes on cell viability and global methylation profiles were investigated. Our genome-wide methylation study on the clinical specimens showed that recurrent CRCs exhibited higher methylation levels compared to non-recurrent CRCs. We identified 4787 significantly differentially methylated genes (P < 0.05); 3112 genes were hyper- while 1675 genes were hypomethylated in the recurrent group compared to the non-recurrent. Fifty eight and 47 of the significantly hypermethylated and hypomethylated genes have an absolute recurrent/non-recurrent methylation difference of ≥20%. Most of the hypermethylated genes were involved in the MAPK signaling pathway which is a key regulator for apoptosis while the hypomethylated genes were involved in the PI3K-AKT signaling pathway and proliferation process. We also demonstrate that 5-azadC treatment enhanced response to 5-FU which resulted in significant growth inhibition compared to 5-FU alone in hypermethylated cell lines SW48. In conclusion, we found the evidence of five potentially biologically important genes in recurrent CRCs that could possibly serve as a new potential therapeutic targets for patients with chemoresistance. We postulate that aberrant methylation of CCNEI, CCNDBP1, PON3, DDX43, and CHL1 in CRC might be associated with the recurrence of CRC and 5-azadC-mediated restoration of 5-FU sensitivity is mediated at least in part by MAPK signaling pathway.
Ecological Evaluation of Executive Functions in Mild Cognitive Impairment and Alzheimer Disease

Executive deficits characterize the initial phases of Alzheimer disease (AD) and mild cognitive impairment (MCI), and are clinically correlated to neuropsychiatric symptoms and functional loss. The aim of this study was to determine the accuracy of the Behavioral Assessment of the Dysexecutive Syndrome test (BADS) for comparing the performance between patients with amnestic MCI (aMCI) and mild AD and for detecting early signs of alterations in executive functions. BADS was performed on 60 healthy controls, 20 patients with aMCI, and 40 mild probable AD patients (20 early-onset AD patients and 20 late-onset AD patients). Significant differences in battery performance were found among groups on the BADS subtests Rule Shift Cards, Program of Action, Zoo Map, 6 Modified Elements, and 3 total scores. Early changes in executive functions were detected in both AD (irrespective of age of onset) and aMCI patients. The BADS proved useful for differentiating between these patient groups. Our results confirmed the presence of early alterations in executive functions among aMCI and mild AD patients.
Exiting Unsheltered Homelessness and Sustaining Housing: A Human Agency Perspective

An emerging body of evidence has demonstrated the extent to which social programs and housing initiatives have successfully helped people exit chronic and unsheltered homelessness. Contemporary research shows that people with both health and social problems are able to exit homelessness and sustain housing over several years. Although the existing evidence is robust and often based on studies employing rigorous experimental designs, clients of programs are presented as passive service recipients whose exits from homelessness are attributed to outside intervention. Drawing on a multisite Australian study with people who had exited chronic and unsheltered homelessness, this article adopts a theoretical framework of human agency to demonstrate how people exiting homelessness play active roles in shaping the outcomes they achieve. Extending the existing evidence base, we show how they explain their outcomes in terms of imagined future trajectories and an evaluation of their options to achieve change.
Evolution of Scaling Emergence in Large-Scale Spatial Epidemic Spreading

Background Zipf's law and Heaps' law are two representatives of the scaling concepts, which play a significant role in the study of complexity science. The coexistence of the Zipf's law and the Heaps' law motivates different understandings on the dependence between these two scalings, which has still hardly been clarified. Methodology/Principal Findings In this article, we observe an evolution process of the scalings: the Zipf's law and the Heaps' law are naturally shaped to coexist at the initial time, while the crossover comes with the emergence of their inconsistency at the larger time before reaching a stable state, where the Heaps' law still exists with the disappearance of strict Zipf's law. Such findings are illustrated with a scenario of large-scale spatial epidemic spreading, and the empirical results of pandemic disease support a universal analysis of the relation between the two laws regardless of the biological details of disease. Employing the United States domestic air transportation and demographic data to construct a metapopulation model for simulating the pandemic spread at the U.S. country level, we uncover that the broad heterogeneity of the infrastructure plays a key role in the evolution of scaling emergence. Conclusions/Significance The analyses of large-scale spatial epidemic spreading help understand the temporal evolution of scalings, indicating the coexistence of the Zipf's law and the Heaps' law depends on the collective dynamics of epidemic processes, and the heterogeneity of epidemic spread indicates the significance of performing targeted containment strategies at the early time of a pandemic disease.
A blocker-tolerant wideband noise-cancelling receiver with a 2dB noise figure

As narrowband off-chip RF filtering is not compatible with the concept of software-defined radio (SDR), an SDR receiver must be designed to tolerate large out-of-band blockers with minimal gain compression and noise figure degradation. A recent circuit tackles this problem by dispensing with the LNA entirely. This mixer-first approach achieves impressive linearity, but at the expense of noise figure and, since such a receiver has no gain prior to down-conversion, the flicker noise corner can be unacceptably high. Other SDR attempts invariably use a noise-cancelling LNA at the front end, which provides wideband matching, however such approaches have either inadequate linearity or display too large a noise for our purposes. In this work, we propose a hybrid frequency-translational, noise-cancelling (FTNC) receiver that employs two separate down-conversion paths to enable noise cancelling with no voltage gain prior to base-band filtering. The resulting design has a sub-2dB noise figure and tolerates 0dBm blockers with no gain back-off, breaking the traditional noise-linearity trade-off common in all receivers.
Classic and New Animal Models of Parkinson's Disease

Neurological disorders can be modeled in animals so as to recreate specific pathogenic events and behavioral outcomes. Parkinson's Disease (PD) is the second most common neurodegenerative disease of an aging population, and although there have been several significant findings about the PD disease process, much of this process still remains a mystery. Breakthroughs in the last two decades using animal models have offered insights into the understanding of the PD disease process, its etiology, pathology, and molecular mechanisms. Furthermore, while cellular models have helped to identify specific events, animal models, both toxic and genetic, have replicated almost all of the hallmarks of PD and are useful for testing new neuroprotective or neurorestorative strategies. Moreover, significant advances in the modeling of additional PD features have come to light in both classic and newer models. In this review, we try to provide an updated summary of the main characteristics of these models as well as the strengths and weaknesses of what we believe to be the most popular PD animal models. These models include those produced by 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA), 1-methyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropiridine (MPTP), rotenone, and paraquat, as well as several genetic models like those related to alpha-synuclein, PINK1, Parkin and LRRK2 alterations.