Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
E-TEST: a compact low-frequency isolator for a large cryogenic mirror

To achieve the expected level of sensitivity of third-generation gravitational-wave (GW) observatories, more accurate and sensitive instruments than those of the second generation must be used to reduce all sources of noises. Amongst them, one of the most relevant is seismic noise, which will require the development of a better isolation system, especially at low frequencies (below 10 Hz), the operation of large cryogenic silicon mirrors, and the improvement of optical wavelength readouts. In this framework, this article presents the activities of the E-TEST (Einstein Telescope Euregio Meuse-Rhine Site & Technology) to develop and test new key technologies for the next generation of GW observatories. A compact isolator system for a large silicon mirror (100 kg) at low frequency ( < 10 Hz) is proposed. The design of the isolator allows the overall height of the isolation system to be significantly compact and also suppresses seismic noise at low frequencies. To minimize the effect of thermal noise, the isolation system is provided with a 100 kg silicon mirror which is suspended in a vacuum chamber at cryogenic temperature (25–40 K). To achieve this temperature without inducing vibrations to the mirror, a radiation-based cooling strategy is employed. In addition, cryogenic sensors and electronics are being developed as part of the E-TEST to detect vibrational motion in the penultimate cryogenic stage. Since the commonly used silicon material is not transparent below the wavelengths typically used in the 1 µm range for GW detectors, new optical components and lasers must be developed in the range above 1500 nm to reduce absorption and scattering losses. Therefore, solid-state and fiber lasers with a wavelength of 2090 nm, matching high-efficiency photodiodes, and low-noise crystalline coatings are being developed. Accordingly, the key technologies provided by E-TEST serve crucially to reduce the limitations of the current generation of GW observatories and to determine the technical design for the next generation.
Discounted ${H_\infty }$ Tracking Control for Two-Time-Scale Systems With Application to Permanent Magnet Synchronous Motors

This article investigates <inline-formula><tex-math notation="LaTeX">${H_\infty }$</tex-math></inline-formula> tracking control problem with a discount factor for two-time-scale systems subject to disturbances. The <inline-formula><tex-math notation="LaTeX">${H_\infty }$</tex-math></inline-formula> controller design is reduced to solving a set of linear matrix inequalities by using Lyapunov functions with two-time-scale structure. Under the obtained controller, the closed-loop system can track the output of a nonasymptotically stable reference model and achieve the <inline-formula><tex-math notation="LaTeX">${H_\infty }$</tex-math></inline-formula> performance for the given attenuation level and discount factor. The stability of the closed-loop system under the developed controller is proven. Compared with the existing discounted tracking control methods, the proposed method is capable of avoiding the complicated process of calculating the upper bound of the discount factor to guarantee the stability of the closed-loop system. The effectiveness of our theoretical results is demonstrated through both simulation and experiment on speed control of permanent magnet synchronous motor.
Kernel one-class weighted sparse representation classification for change detection

ABSTRACT In this letter, improved methods based on one-class sparse representation classifier (OCSRC) are proposed for change detection with multi-temporal multi-spectral remote sensing images. By adopting the weighted regularization and the kernel method, kernel one-class sparse representation classifier (K-OCSRC), one-class weighted sparse representation classifier (OCWSRC) and its kernel version, kernel one-class weighted sparse representation classifier (K-OCWSRC) are proposed. Performances of the OCSRC, K-OCSRC, OCWSRC, K-OCWSRC methods are tested with the flood dataset. Results show that the weighted methods (OCWSRC and K-OCWSRC) are less sensitive to the regularization parameter in the optimization process, and the kernel methods (K-OCSRC and K-OCWSRC) can distinctively improve change detection accuracies by solving the problem in the projected higher-dimensional space. Overall, the K-OCWSRC achieves the best change detection result as it can more accurately locate the flood affected areas while bringing in least undesirable false alarms.
Crop classification from Sentinel-2-derived vegetation indices using ensemble learning

Abstract. The identification and mapping of crops are important for estimating potential harvest as well as for agricultural field management. Optical remote sensing is one of the most attractive options because it offers vegetation indices and some data have been distributed free of charge. Especially, Sentinel-2A, which is equipped with a multispectral sensor (MSI) with blue, green, red, and near-infrared-1 bands at 10 m; red edge 1 to 3, near-infrared-2, and shortwave infrared 1 and 2 at 20 m; and 3 atmospheric bands (band 1, band 9, and band 10) at 60 m, offer some vegetation indices calculated to assess vegetation status. However, sufficient consideration has not been given to the potential of vegetation indices calculated from MSI data. Thus, 82 published indices were calculated and their importance were evaluated for classifying crop types. The two most common classification algorithms, random forests (RF) and support vector machine (SVM), were applied to conduct cropland classification from MSI data. Additionally, super learning was applied for more improvement, achieving overall accuracies of 90.2% to 92.2%. Of the two algorithms applied (RF and SVM), the accuracy of SVM was superior and 89.3% to 92.0% of overall accuracies were confirmed. Furthermore, stacking contributed to higher overall accuracies (90.2% to 92.2%), and significant differences were confirmed with the results of SVM and RF. Our results showed that vegetation indices had the greatest contributions in identifying specific crop types.
Mapping MRI Intensity to the Dielectric Properties of Body Tissues Using Microwave Imaging

Mapping a nonlinear relationship between magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) intensity and the dielectric properties of body tissues is proposed using microwave imaging. The main assumption in our approach is that in a specific tissue area, a nonlinear mapping can be considered between the MRI intensity and the electromagnetic properties. Once this relationship is obtained, the MRI intensity information can be converted directly to the dielectric properties of tissues. The performance of the proposed method is evaluated using anatomically realistic numerical breast phantoms. The results show that in the presence of different levels of noise, the relationship between MRI intensity and dielectric properties of tissues can be accurately retrieved.
Investigation of the underuse of adrenaline (epinephrine) and prognosis among patients with anaphylaxis at emergency department admission

Background Anaphylaxis is a potentially fatal condition; in severe cases of anaphylaxis, the cardiovascular system is often heavily involved. Adrenaline (epinephrine) is a cornerstone of the initial treatment of anaphylaxis. The use of epinephrine remains below expectations in clinical practice. Whether the underuse of epinephrine affects the prognosis of patients with anaphylaxis is still unclear. Materials and methods This retrospective study included patients with anaphylaxis between 2011 and 2020 who were admitted to an emergency department (ED) in Taiwan. All patients were divided into two groups based on the use of epinephrine (or not), and we compared the demographic characteristics, allergens, clinical manifestations, management, and patient outcomes. Results We reviewed the records of 314 subjects (216 males, 98 females; mean age: 52.78 ± 16.02 years) who visited our ED due to anaphylaxis; 107 (34.1%) and 207 (65.9%) patients were categorized into the epinephrine use group and the non-epinephrine use group, respectively. Arrival via ambulance (p = 0.019), hypotension (p = 0.002), airway compromise (p < 0.001) and altered consciousness (p < 0.001) were the deciding factors for epinephrine use among anaphylactic patients in the ED. The epinephrine use group had higher rates of other inotropic agent usage and fluid challenge. More than 90% of patients received bed rest, steroids, antihistamines, and monitoring. The epinephrine use group had a longer ED length of stay (387.64 ± 374.71 vs. 313.06 ± 238.99 min, p = 0.03) and a greater need of hospitalization. Among all severe symptoms, hypotension was the most tolerated decision factor for not using epinephrine. In this retrospective analysis, some patients with serious anaphylaxis did not experience adverse outcomes or death even without the use of epinephrine at ED admission. Emergent care focuses first on the airway, breathing, and circulation (ABC) and may compensate for the underusage of epinephrine. This could be the reason why epinephrine was underused among patients with anaphylaxis in the ED. Conclusion In summary, early ABC management continues to play an important role in treating patients with severe anaphylaxis, even when epinephrine is not immediately available in clinical scenarios.
Tunable polarization filter based on high-birefringence photonic crystal fiber filled with silver wires

Abstract. A tunable single polarization filter based on high-birefringence photonic crystal fiber with silver wires symmetrically filled into cladding air holes is designed. The confinement loss of the unwanted polarized mode (x-polarized mode) at 1310- and 1550-nm bands are 371 and 252 dB/cm, whereas another mode confinement loss (y-polarized mode) at the corresponding wavelength as low as 14 and 10 dB/cm, respectively. Moreover, the 20-dB bandwidth can reach 179 (at the 1310-nm band) and 71 nm (at the 1550-nm band) for a propagation distance of 1 mm. The dispersion relations and polarization characteristics are analyzed in detail utilizing the finite element method. Numerical results show that by adjusting the pitch between two adjacent air holes, the diameters of cladding air holes or silver wires near the fiber core, the resonance wavelength and resonance strength can be tuned effectively, which is beneficial for tunable polarization filter devices in the communication wave bands.
MOUNT BROMO: BALI BARU PRIMADONA EAST JAVA

Tourism merupakan sektor yang sangat menarik diberbagai belahan dunia karena kontribusinya yang luar biasa. Gunung Bromo yang menjadi primadona se Jawa Timur dan tidak pernah sepi pengunjung memiliki suatu hal yang perlu untuk diketahui. Pada penelitian ini menguji perceived value, tourist satisfaction, dan behavioural intention menjadi satu model untuk mengukur seberapa baiknya pariwisata tersebut menyediakan pelayanan terbaiknya. Responden yang digunakan merupakan wisatawan lokal. Hasil dari penelitian ini adalah bahwa perceived value juga tourist satisfaction memiliki pengaruh yang signifikan terhadap behavioural intention pada wisatawan Gunung Bromo. Penelitian ini juga menggunakan alat analisis Smart pls dengan jumlah wisatawan sebanyak 120 responden menggunakan teknik non probability purposive sampling. Penelitian ini menjadi semakin menarik karena terdapat penelitian yang berbeda hasil dari hasil penelitian. Kata kunci: perceived value, tourist satisfaction, behavioural intention, Gunung Bromo
Source-based calibration of space instruments using calculable synchrotron radiation

Abstract. Physikalisch-Technische Bundesanstalt (PTB) has more than 20 years of experience in the calibration of space-based instruments using synchrotron radiation to cover the ultraviolet (UV), vacuum UV (VUV), and x-ray spectral range. Over the past decades, PTB has performed calibrations for numerous space missions within scientific collaborations and has become an important partner for activities in this field. New instrumentation at the electron storage ring, metrology light source, creates additional calibration possibilities within this framework. A new facility for the calibration of radiation transfer source standards with a considerably extended spectral range has been put into operation. The commissioning of a large vacuum vessel that can accommodate entire space instruments opens up new prospects. Finally, an existing VUV transfer calibration source was upgraded to increase the spectral range coverage to a band from 15 to 350 nm.
Complex scaling circle criteria for Luré systems

ABSTRACT This study reports alternative frequency-domain interpretation and implementation of the circle criteria for absolute stability in Luré systems by means of complex scaling and the argument principle. By Luré system, a feedback configuration with a nominal LTI model subject to sector nonlinearities is meant as usual. First, the complex scaling stability criterion is proved for asymptotic stability in LTI feedback connections, which dispenses open-loop poles and contour/locus pre-orientation and possesses bounded loci without prior frequency sweeping. Second, a novel frequency-domain interpretation for positive realness of transfer functions is developed and employed for claiming the complex scaling circle criteria, which accommodate various sector nonlinearities with unified conditions. The new circle criteria are conformable in both multivariable and scalar cases, implementable graphically and tractable numerically, besides being a frequency/complex-domain analytical technique. Third, the results also reveal several frequency-domain facts about Luré systems that remain unknown so far. Finally, numerical examples are included to illustrate the main results.
AsT: An Asymmetric-Sensitive Transformer for Osteonecrosis of the Femoral Head Detection (Student Abstract)

Early diagnosis of osteonecrosis of the femoral head (ONFH) can inhibit the progression and improve femoral head preservation. The radiograph difference between early ONFH and healthy ones is not apparent to the naked eye. It is also hard to produce a large dataset to train the classification model. In this paper, we propose Asymmetric-Sensitive Transformer (AsT) to capture the uneven development of the bilateral femoral head to enable robust ONFH detection. Our ONFH detection is realized using the self-attention mechanism to femoral head regions while conferring sensitivity to the uneven development by the attention-shared transformer. The real-world experiment studies show that AsT achieves the best performance of AUC 0.9313 in the early diagnosis of ONFH and can find out misdiagnosis cases firmly.
The audience logic in election news reporting on Facebook: what drives audience engagement in transitional democracies of Albania and Kosovo?

ABSTRACT This study provides insights on how journalists in the Western Balkans conceptualize and practice audience engagement during electoral campaigns. Taking a holistic approach, we first explore audience demand and news supply of strategic and negative election news on Facebook, then turn to news editors to explore what type of audience logic drives their reporting. Our data confirm previous findings about audience demand for strategic news but contradict the predominance of audience negativity bias in the context of Southeast Europe. These findings support generic trends in how social media audiences engage with political information, but also emphasize the importance of the socio-political context as a determinant of audience engagement with online news. Interview data identified an alignment between journalists’ imagined readership preferences with the reality, yet reporting patterns on Facebook do not entirely follow engagement trends. Together, these findings suggest that journalism culture developed in this region is more nuanced than previously defined, while news editors embrace new technologies to serve the commercial needs and audience strengthening logics in parallel during electoral campaigns.
A uniform framework of projection and community detection for one-mode network in bipartite networks

Projection is a widely used method in bipartite networks. However, each projection has a specific application scenario and differs in the forms of mapping for bipartite networks. In this paper, inspired by the network-based information exchange dynamics, we propose a uniform framework of projection. Subsequently, an information exchange rate projection based on the nature of community structures of a network (named IERCP) is designed to detect community structures of bipartite networks. Results from the synthetic and real-world networks show that the IERCP algorithm has higher performance compared with the other projection methods. It suggests that the IERCP may extract more information hidden in bipartite networks and minimize information loss.
Interplay of NOMA and GSSK: Detection Strategies and Performance Analysis

Non-orthogonal multiple access (NOMA) was identified as a technology enabler for the fifth generation and beyond networks, due to the prominent advantages achieved when integrating NOMA with other wireless technologies. In this article, we investigate the interplay between NOMA and generalized space shift keying (GSSK) in a hybrid NOMA-GSSK (N-GSSK) network. Specifically, we provide a comprehensive analytical framework and propose a novel energy-based N-GSSK detector for the reliable realization of N-GSSK systems. The proposed receiver is energy-efficient and enjoys low complexity, as it exploits the energy of the received signals and does not require the knowledge of NOMA signals. To quantify its efficiency, we further investigate the performance of the proposed detector in terms of pairwise error probability, bit error rate union bound, and achievable rate. The accuracy of the developed mathematical framework is corroborated through Monte-Carlo simulations, which show that N-GSSK outperforms conventional NOMA and GSSK, particularly in terms of spectral efficiency.
The Impactful Effect of E-Learning Study Method Towards Students Academic Achievements in General

This study aims to analyze the impact of the online learning or e-learning system on students' academic scores in general. This study uses previous research to review the infrastructure and factors of the E-Learning system in influencing students' academic scores. The research method of this research is using SLR (Systematic Literature Review). Research searches will be carried out on databases of journals that are known to the public, such as Springer, ResearchGate, Scopus, and others. Twenty-seven articles have been screened to fit the research criteria, collected, and reviewed. This study concludes that the E-Learning System gets honest feedback and is ignored, but indirectly has an impact on the actors in teaching and learning activities in the world of education. E-learning systems can provide solutions to problems at hand, but also create unfamiliar problems. The main factor in improving student learning experiences is student academic value. Keyword - E-Learning, Online Platform, Education, Systematic Online Learning, Academic Achievement, non-Academic Achievement
Methane Feedback on Atmospheric Chemistry: Methods, Models, and Mechanisms

The atmospheric methane (CH4) chemical feedback is a key process for understanding the behavior of atmospheric CH4 and its environmental impact. This work reviews how the feedback is defined and used, then examines the meteorological, chemical, and emission factors that control the feedback strength. Geographical and temporal variations in the feedback are described and explained by HOx (HOx = OH + HO2) production and partitioning. Different CH4 boundary conditions used by models, however, make no meaningful difference to the feedback calculation. The strength of the CH4 feedback depends on atmospheric composition, particularly the atmospheric CH4 burden, and is therefore not constant. Sensitivity tests show that the feedback depends very weakly on temperature, insolation, water vapor, and emissions of NO. While the feedback strength has likely remained within 10% of its present value over the industrial era and likely will over the twenty‐first century, neglecting these changes biases our understanding of CH4 impacts. Most environmental consequences per kg of CH4 emissions, including its global warming potential (GWP), scale with the perturbation time, which may have grown as much as 40% over the industrial era and continues to rise.
Developmental differences in children’s generation of knowledge-based inferences

ABSTRACT We examined knowledge-based inference in 6-, 8- and 10-year-olds. Participants listened to texts where the number of clues for an inference was manipulated and then judged whether single-word probes (target inference, competing inference, literal word from the text and an unrelated concept) were related to the story. Accuracy and response times were analyzed with mixed-effects models. Inference accuracy was higher with three clues, and older children responded to the inference more accurately and quickly than younger children. The inference and literal probes were compared: 10-year-olds responded more accurately and quickly to the inference; however, 6-year-olds were more accurate for the literal. We propose that by 10-years of age, children are able to activate knowledge-based inferences while listening to text. All age groups had some inhibition difficulty, with less accurate and slower responses for the competing inference than the unrelated concept. Inference instruction should be sensitive to developmental differences in inferential processing.
Pregnancy Loss from the Perspective of Muslim Turkish Women: A Qualitative Study

Abstract Pregnancy is an important period in a woman’s life and the end of this exciting journey with loss causes deep sadness and grief in the mother. Culture is an important factor affecting the individual’s reaction to loss. Many cultures are known to have certain rituals or traditions that provide support and reassurance during the grieving process. The aim of this study was to explore the perceptions of women who experienced pregnancy loss about their cultural beliefs and coping methods related to the mourning period. A qualitative design was used in the study with 21 women. Data were collected by conducting in-depth, semi-structured, face-to-face interviews using a pilot-tested interview guide. Three themes emerged from the qualitative data: (i) cultural reaction to prenatal loss; (ii) religious and spiritual practices; and (iii) coping strategies with prenatal loss. The identification of cultural factors in the bereavement process can guide researchers in the development of measurement tools related to the bereavement process, but more research is needed to reveal women’s perspectives and more cultural practices.
Asymptotic properties of an infinite horizon partial cheap control problem for linear systems with known disturbances

An infinite horizon quadratic control of a linear system with known disturbance is considered. The feature of the problem is that the cost of some (but in general not all) control coordinates in the cost functional is much smaller than the costs of the other control coordinates and the state cost. Using the control optimality conditions, the solution of this problem is reduced to solution of a hybrid set of three equations, perturbed by a small parameter. One of these equations is a matrix algebraic Riccati equation, while two others are vector and scalar differential equations subject to terminal conditions at infinity. For this set of the equations, a zero-order asymptotic solution is constructed and justified. Using this asymptotic solution, a relation between solutions of the original problem and the problem, obtained from the original one by replacing the small control cost with zero, is established. Based on this relation, the best achievable performance in the original problem is derived. Illustrative examples are presented.