Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The Work Autonomy Scales: Additional Validity Evidence

Recently, Breaugh (1985) developed an instrument that measures three facets, i.e., method, scheduling, and criteria, of work autonomy. This paper presents the results of several analyses designed to evaluate the construct validity of these work autonomy scales. One set of analyses involved the use of confirmatory factor analysis to assess the underlying factor structure of the three work autonomy facet measures. Both indices for assessing the fit of a theoretical model confirmed that a three-facet autonomy model clearly fits the sample data. A second set of analyses involved subgroup comparisons. As predicted, unionized employees reported less autonomy in all three areas than non-union workers. Also as hypothesized, individuals in supervisory positions reported having more autonomy than those not in supervisory positions. The paper also reports a number of additional analyses relevant to the construct validity of the work autonomy scales. When the results reported in this paper are taken in combination with those reported in Breaugh (1985) and Breaugh and Becker (1987), there is substantial evidence supporting both the construct validity and the importance of the work autonomy facet scales.
An Examination of the Impact of Accelerating Community College Students' Progression through Developmental Education

In an effort to improve developmental education students' outcomes, community colleges have been experimenting with acceleration strategies. Models of acceleration allow students to complete their developmental requirements in a shorter amount of time. However, there has been limited empirical research on the effects of accelerating students' progression through their developmental requirements. We examined the impact of a basic form of acceleration—enrollment in shorter versus longer developmental education sequences— on access to introductory college coursework, performance in that coursework, overall college credit accumulation, and degree attainment at the City University of New York community colleges. In general, we found that accelerating students through developmental education in shorter sequences results in greater access to college-level coursework and long-term success but may have consequences for student performance in college-level coursework.
THE CONCEPT AND DEFINITION OF DOMINANCE IN ANIMAL BEHAVIOUR

The concept of dominance has contributed greatly to our understanding of social structure in animals. Over the past three decades, however, a variety of concepts and definitions of dominance have been introduced, leading to an ongoing debate about the usefulness and meaning of the concept. Criticisms aimed at one definition of dominance do not necessarilly apply to other definitions. Existing definitions can be structural or functional, refer to roles or to agonistic behaviour, regard dominance as a property of individuals or as an attribute of dyadic encounters, concentrate on aggression or on the lack of it, and be based either on theoretical constructs or on observable behaviour. Thirteen definitions of dominance are reviewed, and their usefulness assessed with respect to their descriptive value. The predictive and explanatory values of definitions are specific to the questions asked in each particular study and are not considered as criteria to judge the usefulness of the dominance concept. By virtue of its high descriptive value, the original definition of dominance by SCHJELDERUPP-EBBE (1922, Z.Psychol. 88: 226-252) emerged as the basis to formulate a structural definition with wide applicability and which reflects the essence of the concept: Dominance is an attribute of the pattern of repeated, agonistic interactions between two individuals, characterized by a consistent outcome in favour of the same dyad member and a default yielding response of its opponent rather than escalation. The status of the consistent winner is dominant and that of the loser subordinate. Dominance status refers to dyads while dominance rank, high or low, refers to the position in a hierarchy and, thus, depends on group composition. Dominance is a relative measure and not an absolute property of individuals. The discussion includes reference to the heritability of dominance, application of dominance to groups rather than individuals, and the role of individual recognition and memory during agonistic encounters.
Predicting voice behavior in work groups.

This field study of 441 full-time employees in 95 work groups examined voice behavior (constructive challenge to the status quo with the intent of improving the situation rather than merely criticizing) as a function of person-centered (satisfaction with the work. group, global self-esteem) and situational factors (group size, self-managed vs. traditional style of management). Using a measure of voice with demonstrated construct validity, the study showed that these person and situation factors explained 10% of the variance in peer-rated voice assessed 6 months later. Significant Person x Situation interactions suggested that individuals with low global self-esteem or high satisfaction with their group were more responsive to the situational factors than individuals with high global self-esteem or low satisfaction. The authors discuss the importance of including personcentered characteristics, situational factors, and their interactions as predictors of voice. For over 50 years, scholars have recognized the importance of behavior that goes beyond normal role expectations or job requirements and that benefits or is intended to benefit the organization (Barnard, 1938; George &
Recombinant immunotoxins for the treatment of haematological malignancies

Recombinant immunotoxins are fusion proteins which contain a ligand derived from the immune system fused to a toxin. The protein toxin is truncated to delete its binding domain, allowing selective ligand-directed binding. Growth factor fusion toxins are often considered immunotoxins. One of these molecules, containing the truncated diphtheria toxin and human IL-2 (Ontak®, Ligand Pharmaceuticals), has been approved for the treatment of cutaneous T-cell lymphoma. Recombinant immunotoxins have also been produced containing the variable domains (Fv fragment) of monoclonal antibodies fused to toxins. These agents are relatively versatile with respect to the range of antigens possible. Several of these recombinant immunotoxins have showed clinical effectiveness in Phase I testing against haematological malignancies. One of these molecules, BL22, targets CD22 on hairy-cell leukaemia and has enabled patients to achieve complete remissions despite previous treatment and resistance to chemotherapy.
The transnational sphere of justice: disability praxis and the politics of impairment

In this paper, my aim is to elaborate disability movement praxis so that transnational struggles for justice over the production of impairment emerging from the Global South can be represented within the transnational frame of disability politics. The paper seeks to explore the potential of deepening socio-political understandings of impairment as a means to radically democratize disability movement politics at the transnational scale to encompass pluralist, yet subaltern, collective claims for justice. I am guided by the question: if impairment is the place that makes visible invisible debts, can the global disability rights movement begin a process of re-identification to open the boundaries of disability justice claims and develop a strategic orientation which recognizes those collective justice claims for geopolitically produced impairments?
Incorporation of ethanolamine-1,2-14C into plant microsomal phospholipids.

The incorporation of ethanolamine-1,2-14C into phospholipid and the decarboxylation of phosphatidyl-serine-1,2-14C by etiolated pea seedling "microsomal suspensions" have been investigated. Optimum incorporation occurred with phosphate buffer, pH 8.5, in the presence of 2.9 × 10−3 M CaCl2. Toluene, phospholipase D, and reduced glutathione stimulated ethanolamine-1,2-14C incorporation. Higher concentrations of CaCl2, imidazole buffer, and Tris buffer were inhibitory. Other divalent cations, ATP, CTP, and CMP were without effect. L-Serine and choline were also incorporated into phospholipids by pea "microsomal suspensions" and competitively inhibited the incorporation of ethanolamine-1,2-14C. Inhibition was also observed with D-serine and glycerol, but not with methanol, ethanol, propane-1-ol, and propane-2-ol. The formation of 14CO2 by the decarboxylation of serine-U-14C by "microsomal suspensions" was also stimulated by Ca2+ and inhibited by ethanolamine. The experimental results suggest that the incorpor.
INCREASING RETURNS AND THE DESIGN OF INTEREST RATE RULES

We introduce increasing returns to scale into an otherwise standard New Keynesian model with capital, and study the determinacy and E-stability of equilibrium under Taylor-type interest rate rules. With very mild increasing returns supported by empirical research, the conventional wisdom regarding the design of interest rate rules can be overturned. In particular, the “Taylor principle” no longer guarantees either determinacy or E-stability of the rational expectations equilibrium.
On the External Validity of Laboratory Tax Compliance Experiments

type="main" xml:id="ecin12196-abs-0001"> An essential issue for laboratory experiments to inform policy debates is the “external validity” of the experimental results; that is, does behavior in the laboratory apply to behavior that occurs in the naturally occurring world? We examine this issue of external validity in the specific context of laboratory experiments on tax compliance, using two different types of evidence. We find that the behavioral patterns of subjects in the laboratory conform to those of individuals making a similar decision in naturally occurring settings. We also find that the behavioral responses of students are largely the same as those of nonstudents in identical experiments ( JEL C9, H0, H3)
The Role of Habitus and Cultural Capital in Choosing a College, Transitioning From High School to Higher Education, and Persisting in College Among Minority and Nonminority Students

The concept of fitting in at a particular college has been linked to student persistence. Studies have identified habitus and cultural capital, psychosocial factors associated with a student’s fit at a particular institution. This study examined the dimensions of precollege psychosocial factors, determined the extent to which those factors were reflected in students’ college choices, and established the effects those factors exert on measures of student satisfaction. Overall, students choose colleges where they experience comfort, acceptance, and fit.
Modulation of Oxidative Stress by Alcohol

It is well established that reactive oxygen species (ROS) and reactive nitrogen species (RNS) are involved in causing acute and chronic alcohol toxicity. Biochemical signs of oxidative damage can be detected in experimental animals exposed to ethanol as well as in alcoholic patients. Ethanol-induced oxidative stress is the consequence of the combined effect of an increased production of ROS by the mitochondria and the alcohol-inducible cytochrome P-4502E1 (CYP2E1) and the impairment of antioxidant defenses. Furthermore, by promoting the activation of Kuppfer cells, ethanol causes the release of cytokines, ROS, and RNS. The mechanisms by which oxidative damage contribute to alcohol toxicity include direct hepatocellular damage, induction of apoptosis, and the stimulation of collagen deposition by hepatic stellate cells. In addition, lipid peroxidation products and, particularly acetaldehyde-malondialdehyde adducts, along with immune reactions triggered by oxidative stress, might also contribute to perpetuate hepatic inflammation. The implication of oxidative stress in alcohol liver damage gives a rationale to the clinical application of therapies aimed to prevent or reduce ethanol-induced oxidative damage by antioxidant compounds.
Feedback Design for Multi-Antenna  $K$ -Tier Heterogeneous Downlink Cellular Networks

We characterize the ergodic spectral efficiency of a non-cooperative and a cooperative type of $K$ -tier heterogeneous network with limited feedback. In the non-cooperative case, a multi-antenna base station (BS) serves a single-antenna user using maximum-ratio transmission based on limited feedback. In the cooperative case, a BS coordination set is formed by using dynamic clustering across the tiers, wherein the intra-cluster interference is mitigated by using multi cell zero-forcing also based on limited feedback. Modeling the network based on stochastic geometry, we derive analytical expressions for the ergodic spectral efficiency as a function of the system parameters. Leveraging the obtained expressions, we formulate feedback partition problems and obtain solutions to improve the ergodic spectral efficiency. Simulations show the spectral efficiency improvement by using the obtained feedback partitions. Our major findings are as follows: 1) in the non-cooperative case, the feedback is only useful in a particular tier if the mean interference is small enough; 2) in the cooperative case, allocating more feedback to stronger intra-cluster BSs is efficient; and 3) in both cases, the obtained solutions do not change depending on the instantaneous signal-to-interference ratio.
Comparison of the effects of a pure steroidal antiestrogen with those of tamoxifen in a model of human breast cancer.

BACKGROUND Tamoxifen, a nonsteroidal estrogen antagonist, is the most prescribed drug for the treatment of breast cancer. The use of tamoxifen is limited, however, by the development of resistance to this compound in most patients. Although tamoxifen behaves primarily as an estrogen antagonist, it has agonist (or growth-stimulatory) activity as well. ICI 182,780 is a 7 alpha-alkylsulfinyl analogue of estradiol lacking agonist activity. The absence of agonist activity may make this steroidal antiestrogen superior to tamoxifen in suppressing tumor cell growth. PURPOSE We compared the inhibitory effects of ICI 182,780, tamoxifen, and estrogen withdrawal on the growth of established tumors and on tumorigenesis in a model system that uses estrogen-dependent, human MCF-7 breast tumor cells growing in athymic nude mice. We also studied the hormonal responsiveness of tumors that became resistant to the two estrogen antagonists and the effects of these drugs on estrogen-regulated gene expression. METHODS MCF-7 cells were injected subcutaneously into the flanks of castrated, female nude mice. The effects of repeated doses of tamoxifen and ICI 182,780 (500 micrograms and 5 mg, respectively) on the growth of established tumors (8-10 mm in size) were determined after supplemental estrogen was removed. The effects of antiestrogen treatments on the process of tumorigenesis, in the absence of estrogen supplementation, were determined by initiating drug administration on the same day as tumor cell inoculation. To evaluate the hormonal responsiveness of tumors resistant to tamoxifen and ICI 182,780, 1-mm3 segments of the tumors were transplanted onto the flanks of new recipient mice, which were then treated with estrogen or the antiestrogens--alone or in combination. Tumor growth was monitored by measuring tumor volumes twice a week. Expression of the estrogen-responsive genes, pLIV1 and pS2, in the tumors of treated animals was analyzed using blots of total cellular RNA and complementary DNA probes. RESULTS Treatment with ICI 182,780 suppressed the growth of established tumors twice as long as treatment with tamoxifen or estrogen withdrawal. Tumorigenesis, in the absence of supplemental estrogen, was delayed to a greater extent in ICI 182,780-treated mice than in tamoxifen-treated mice. ICI 182,780 was found to be more effective than tamoxifen in reducing the expression of estrogen-regulated genes. Most tumors eventually became resistant to ICI 182,780 and grew independently of estrogen. CONCLUSIONS ICI 182,780 is a more effective estrogen antagonist than tamoxifen in the MCF-7 tumor cell/nude mouse model system.
Optimal Consumption Until Ruin for an Endowment Described by an Autonomous ODE for an Infinite Time Horizon

We give an algorithmic solution of the optimal consumption problem sup c ∫ [ 0 , τ ] e − β t d C t , where C t denotes the accumulated consumption until time t , and τ denotes the time of ruin. Moreover, the endowment process X t is modeled by X t = x + ∫ 0 t μ ( X s ) d s − C t . We solve the problem by showing that the function provided by the algorithm solves the Hamilton-Jacobi (HJ) equation in a viscosity sense and that the same is true for the value function of the problem. The argument is finished by a uniqueness result. It turns out that one has to change the optimal strategy at a sequence of endowment values, described by a free boundary value problem.Finally we give an illustrative example.
Enhancing particle methods for fluid simulation in computer graphics

We introduce novel methods for enriched Lagrangian fluid simulation in three distinct areas: smoke animation, liquid animation, and surfacing of simulation particle data. The techniques share a common goal, to efficiently enhance realism of natural-phenomena animations in particle simulation framework. Sub-Grid Turbulence adds synthesized small scale detail to large scale smoke simulation. The transport, diffusion and spectral cascade of turbulent energy are captured, whereas they are left unresolved on a typical simulation grid. Ghost-SPH handling of free-surface and solid-boundary conditions in Smoothed Particle Hydrodynamics liquid simulation captures realistic cohesion for the first time and avoids the spurious numerical errors of previous approaches. Ghost particles are carefully seeded in the air and solid regions near the fluid and are assigned with extrapolated fluid quantities to reach correct boundary conditions. The Beta Mesh is a new method for reconstructing mostly temporally coherent surface meshes from particles representing the volume of a liquid. While current particle surfacing techniques address the geometrical characteristics of the surface, the focus in Beta Mesh is producing a surface which varies smoothly in time, outside of topological changes, while preserving essential geometrical properties.
ALLEVIATING TRANSFER SHOCK: CREATING AN ENVIRONMENT FOR MORE SUCCESSFUL TRANSFER STUDENTS

Community college students transferring to a 4-year college or university face a variety of challenges. Social and academic issues can pose potential hurdles to graduating with a bachelor's degree for these students. Community colleges and 4-year institutions must work closely together to create more efficient and effective partnerships for students transitioning through the higher education system. This article makes suggestions for community college staff and faculty members to help transfer students successfully transition into university life and complete a bachelor's degree.
Reversible data hiding in encrypted images based on side matching and enhanced complexity function

Cloud computing has developed to be the most promising business model in recent times owing to access business applications or infrastructure resources at a negligible cost but the issue of security still lies as a question to be answered since storing and processing of data are done by a third-party data centers. Reversible data hiding in images guaranties security to data accumulated at a third-party center. Zhang proposed a complexity function that neglects borders of the image block. Hong et al. worked on the side matching technique and evaluated complexity function considering two adjacent pixels of the image block. Liao et al. organize image block of three different groups containing two, three and four neighborhoods for the computation of complexity function. In our proposed method, instead of utilizing the whole image block for data embedding, selection of pixels are based on the unencrypted fourth least significant bit (LSB) layer because it is nearly random. Further, a new complexity function is proposed considering every pixels of the image. The proposed method decreases the error rate during bit extraction when compared with existing approaches.
ADHD and Sport: Controversial about Treatment

Francisco López-Muñoz1,2,3*, Pilar García-García2 and Cecilio Álamo2 1Faculty of Health Sciences, Camilo José Cela University, Madrid, Spain 2Department of Biomedical Sciences (Pharmacology Area), Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Alcalá, Madrid, Spain 3Neuropsychopharmacology Unit, “Hospital 12 de Octubre” Research Institute (i+12), Madrid, Spain *Corresponding author: Dr. Francisco López-Muñoz, Faculty of Health Sciences, Camilo José Cela University, C/ Castillo de Alarcón, 49, Urb. Villafranca del Castillo, 28692 Villanueva de la Cañada, Madrid, Spain, Tel: +34 91 815 3131; Fax: +34 91 860 9343; E-mail: francisco.lopez. munoz@gmail.com, flopez@ucjc.edu
Values and their Effect on Pro-Environmental Behavior

Environmental protection may be described as a social dilemma. That is, collectively, we are better off If the environment Is protected, but rational self-interest often dictates environmental exploitation. The role of personal values in influencing pro-environmental behavior Is gaining Increasing attention relative to other solutions, such as monetary incentives and punitive sanctions. Using Schwartzks measure of values, I examine the influence of values on environmental behavior. Based on Schwartz s theory, values found to have a positive influence on environmental behavior are self-transcenden Vopenness to change and universalisn/blospheric. Values found to have a negative influence Include self-enhancement conservation.
Role of parents in determining children's physical activity

Background: Parents' physical activity was reported to influence children's physical activity. We hypothesized that parents of 10- to 14-year-old children could influence their children's level of physical activity in ways other than providing logistical support. Methods: Clinical observational study was conducted in a General Clinical Research Center. Normal weight (body mass index [BMI] ≤85th percentile) and at-risk of overweight (BMI >85th percentile) children aged 10 to 14 years were recruited. Sports and leisure indices were derived from the results of Baecke physical activity questionnaires administered to parent-child dyads. Children's habitual activity was determined by a 7-day pedometer log. Results: Of 109 subjects enrolled, 48% were normal weight and 52% were at-risk of overweight. A significantly higher proportion of normal weight children (67%) versus at-risk of overweight children (49%; P=0.02, adjusted intrafamily correlation) reported patterning their physical activity after that of an adult. The mother's physical activity was more beneficial than the father's in influencing children to begin and continue physical activity. Conclusions: The influence of parents (predominantly mothers) on their children's physical activity extends beyond enrolling children in activities and providing them with transportation to and from those activities. These findings suggest that primary prevention and intervention strategies for those at-risk of overweight children should be directed at increasing not only children's physical activity but also that of their parents, especially mothers.