Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Human–wildlife interactions in urban areas: a review of conflicts, benefits and opportunities

Abstract. Wildlife has existed in urban areas since records began. However, the discipline of urban ecology is relatively new and one that is undergoing rapid growth. All wildlife in urban areas will interact with humans to some degree. With rates of urbanisation increasing globally, there is a pressing need to understand the type and nature of human–wildlife interactions within urban environments, to help manage, mitigate or even promote these interactions. Much research attention has focussed on the core topic of human–wildlife conflict. This inherent bias in the literature is probably driven by the ease with which it can be quantified and assessed. Human–wildlife conflicts in terms of disease transmission, physical attack and property damage are important topics to understand. Equally, the benefits of human–wildlife interactions are becoming increasingly recognised, despite being harder to quantify and generalise. Wildlife may contribute to the provision of ecosystem services in urban areas, and some recent work has shown how interactions with wildlife can provide a range of benefits to health and wellbeing. More research is needed to improve understanding in this area, requiring wildlife biologists to work with other disciplines including economics, public health, sociology, ethics, psychology and planning. There will always be a need to control wildlife populations in certain urban situations to reduce human–wildlife conflict. However, in an increasingly urbanised and resource-constrained world, we need to learn how to manage the risks from wildlife in new ways, and to understand how to maximise the diverse benefits that living with wildlife can bring.
Air pollution and mortality in elderly people: a time-series study in Sao Paulo, Brazil.

The relationship between daily mortality of elderly (65+ y) persons and air pollution in the metropolitan area of Sao Paulo, Brazil, for the period May 1990 to April 1991 was evaluated by time series regression, controlling for season, weather, and other factors. Mortality was associated with respirable particles (PM10), nitrogen oxides (NOx), sulfur dioxide (SO2), and carbon monoxide (CO). The association with PM10 was most statistically significant, robust, and independent of other air pollutants. An increase in PM10 equal to 100 micrograms/m3 was associated with an increase in overall mortality equal to approximately 13%. This association was consistent across various model specifications and estimation techniques. The dose-response relationship between mortality and respirable particulate pollution was almost linear, with no evidence of a "safe" threshold level. The results were similar to those observed in London and several U.S. cities. The results were also supportive of recent animal studies that have observed adverse health outcomes in experimental animals exposed to air pollution in Sao Paulo.
Processing and storage impact on the antioxidant properties and color quality of some low sugar fruit jams

The aim of the present study was to assess the effect of thermal processing and storage period on the antioxidant properties and color quality of strawberry, sweet and sour cherry low sugar jam. It was observed that thermal processing of fruits led to statistical significant alterations for all monitored parameters. Most important losses due to thermal processing were recorded for monomeric anthocyanins (92-93% from the value recorded in frozen fruits), followed by vitamin C content (54-78%), FRAP values (30-41%) and total phenolics content (25-43%). Additional, alterations of measured parameters occur during storage. Jams storage for a period of 3 months at 20°C led to a decrease in vitamin C content of 22-33% from the value recorded one day after processing and a loss of anthocyanins content, ranging from 22% in sour cherries jam to 33% in strawberry jam related to the value recorded one day after processing. The FRAP values showed not statistical significant alterations after 3 months of storage. Also, there was an increase in polymeric color in the range of 39-63% from the value recorded one day after processing while for the color density there were no statistically significant alterations. The practical implications of this work are that the derived knowledge could be very useful to optimize jam processing technology and storage conditions in order to improve the quality of these products.
A major human immunodeficiency virus type 1-initiated killing pathway distinct from apoptosis

We have investigated the relative contribution of apoptosis or programmed cell death (PCD) to cell killing during acute infection with T-cell-tropic, cytopathic human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1), by employing diverse strategies to inhibit PCD or to detect its common end-stage sequelae. When Bcl-2-transfected cell lines were infected with HIV-1, their viability was only slightly higher than that of control infections. Although the adenovirus E1B 19-kDa protein has been reported to be a stronger competitor of apoptosis than Bcl-2, it did not inhibit HIV-mediated cell death better than Bcl-2 protein. Competition for Fas ligand or inactivation of the Fas pathway secondary to intracellular mutation (MOLT-4 T cells) also had modest effects on overall cell death during acute HIV infection. In contrast to these observations with HIV infection or with HIV envelope-initiated cell death, Tat-expressing cell lines were much more susceptible (200% enhancement) to Fas-induced apoptosis than controls and Bcl-2 overexpression strongly (75%) inhibited this apoptotic T-cell death. PCD associated with FasR ligation resulted in the cleavage of common interleukin-1beta-converting enzyme (ICE)-protease targets, poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) and pro-ICE, whereas cleaved products were not readily detected during HIV infection of peripheral blood mononuclear cells or T-cell lines even during periods of extensive cell death. These results indicate that one important form of HIV-mediated cell killing proceeds by a pathway that lacks the characteristics of T-cell apoptosis. Our observations support the conclusion that at least two HIV genes (env and tat) can kill T cells by distinct pathways and that an envelope-initiated process of T-cell death can be discriminated from apoptosis by many of the properties most closely associated with apoptotic cell death.
Perfectionism : theory, research, and treatment

Perfectionism and Maladjustment: An Overview of Theoretical, Definitional, and Treatment Issues - Gordon L. Flett and Paul L. Hewitt - The Nature and Assessment of Perfectionism: A Critical Analysis - Murray W. Enns and Brian J. Cox - A Programmatic Approach to Measuring Perfectionism: The Almost Perfect Scales - Robert B. Slaney, Kenneth G. Rice, and Jeffrey S. Asbby - Perfectionism in Children and Their Parents: A Developmental Analysis - Gordon L. Flett, Paul L. Hewitt, Joan M. Oliver, and Silvana Macdonald - Perfectionism and Adjustment in Gifted Children - Wayne D. Parker - Interpersonal Aspects of Trait Perfectionism - A. Marie Habke and Carol Flynn - Perfectionistic Self-Beliefs: Their Relation to Personality and Goal Pursuit - Jennifer D. Campbell and Adam Di Paula - Perfectionism and Self-Conscious Emotion: Shame, Guilt, Embarrassment, and Pride - June Price Tangney - The Role of Irrational Beliefs in Perfectionism - Albert Ellis - Dysfunctional Attitudes, Perfectionism, and Models of Vulnerability to Depression - Gary P. Brown and Aaron T. Beck - Perfectionism and Stress Processes in Psychopathology - Paul L. Hewitt and Gordon L. Flett - "Evaluative Concerns" Versus "Personal Standards" Perfectionism, Hassies, Coping, Social Support, and Distress: A Structural Equation Modeling Strategy - Kirk R. Blankstein and David M. Dunkley - Perfectionism and Eating Disorders - Elliot M. Goldner, Sarah J. Cockell, and Suja Srikameswaran - Perfectionism, Anxiety, and Obsessive Compulsive Disorder - Randy O. Frost and Patricia Martin DiBartolo - Perfectionism in the Context of Social Fears: Toward a Two-Component Model - Lynn E. Alden, Andrew G. Ryder, and Tanna M. B. Mellings - Perfectionism in the Therapeutic Process - Sidney J. Blatt and David C. Zuroff
Differential cognitive cues in pictorial depth perception among Ugandan children

Abstract Four pictures from Hudson's Depth Perception Test containing size, superposition or overlap, and linear perspective cues were administered to 240 Ugandan primary school children. The key question asked regarding the relationship of elements in each picture varied in terms of “Which (is/looks) (nearer/farther) to (man/you), the elephant or the antelope? ”. Results suggested that depth in pictorial material was perceived significantly higher for the question variation “which is/looks farther” rather than “nearer. ” In addition, the main effects of “grades” and “man/you” and the “grade x nearer/farther” interaction were statistically significant. Results are discussed in terms of culturally constituted experience and the effects of attentional factors and lexical markings inherent in the relational concepts used in the key question.
The man behind the curtain: Overcoming skepticism about creative computers

The common misconception among non-specialists is that a computer program can only perform tasks which the programmer knows how to perform (albeit much faster). This leads to a belief that if an artificial system exhibits creative behavior, it only does so because it is leveraging the programmer’s creativity. We review past efforts to evaluate creative systems and identify the biases against them. As evidenced in our case studies, a common bias indicates that creativity requires both intelligence and autonomy. We suggest that in order to overcome this skepticism, separation of programmer and program is crucial and that the program must be the responsible party for convincing the observer of this separation.
Insecure Parental Attachment and Permissiveness

The research based on attachment has shown that patterns of relating with primary caregivers in childhood and adolescence influence a person into adulthood, especially with regard to interpersonal relationships, including sexual intimacy. This study utilized a measure of adult parental attachment style to determine whether the perception of one’s patterns of relating with parental figures in childhood and one’s sexual attitudes are associated with unwanted sexual experiences, ranging from consensual unwanted sex and verbal coercion to more severe forms of coercion, including substance-related and physical coercion. The sample included 488 male and female college students, primarily in the age range of emerging adulthood. Analysis involved canonical correlation, which showed that individuals with avoidant parental attachment styles reported more occurrences of unwanted sex, with gender differences moderating the types of unwanted sex experienced. Of the sexual attitudes, permissiveness emerged as the strongest indicator of unwanted sexual experiences, at times interacting with avoidant attachment. Gender was a moderating variable. The authors conclude with practical implications and suggestions for future research.
A Clinical Update on Delirium: From Early Recognition to Effective Management

Delirium is a neuropsychiatric syndrome characterized by altered consciousness and attention with cognitive, emotional and behavioural symptoms. It is particularly frequent in elderly people with medical or surgical conditions and is associated with adverse outcomes. Predisposing factors render the subject more vulnerable to a congregation of precipitating factors which potentially affect brain function and induce an imbalance in all the major neurotransmitter systems. Early diagnosis of delirium is crucial to improve the prognosis of patients requiring the identification of subtle and fluctuating signs. Increased awareness of clinical staff, particularly nurses, and routine screening of cognitive function with standardized instruments, can be decisive to increase detection rates of delirium. General measures to prevent delirium include the implementation of protocols to systematically identify and minimize all risk factors present in a particular clinical setting. As soon as delirium is recognized, prompt removal of precipitating factors is warranted together with environmental changes and early mobilization of patients. Low doses of haloperidol or olanzapine can be used for brief periods, for the behavioural control of delirium. All of these measures are a part of the multicomponent strategy for prevention and treatment of delirium, in which the nursing care plays a vital role.
Model-based Feedforward Control in Industrial Robotics

Simple linear joint controllers are still used in typical industrial robotic systems. The use of these controllers leads to non-negligible dynamic path deviations for applications that require high path accuracy. These deviations result from the strong influence of nonlinearities, such as multi-body dynamics and gear friction. Sophisticated nonlinear control algorithms, known from the literature, are still not used because they usually require an expensive change of the control architecture. Therefore, different compensation methods are compared in this paper which reduce the path deviations by correction of the desired trajectory. This means that no torque interface is required, only an interface for path corrections is necessary. Such an interface normally exists so that the methods can simply be implemented within standard industrial controls. Using the industrial robot Siemens manutec-r15 the methods are experimentally compared with respect to their efficiency and practical applicability. Starting from this, one method is chosen for application to the state-of-the-art industrial robot KUKA KR15. The algorithm is based on a complete nonlinear dynamic model of the robot. It is integrated into the standard control KRC1. The experimental results prove the efficiency and the industrial applicability of the method.
The effect of the endoscopist on the wait-time for colorectal cancer surgery.

OBJECTIVE The effect of the specialty of physicians who perform endoscopy on preoperative wait-time of colorectal cancer patients was evaluated. MATERIAL AND METHODS Data from 86 patients who have been operated with a diagnosis of colorectal cancer from January 2011-February 2013 regarding age, sex, tumor location, colonoscopy date, surgery date, the expertise and institution of the endoscopist were retrospectively examined. The time between colonoscopy and surgery was accepted as the pre-operative wait time (PWT). RESULTS Out of 86 patients, 24 (27.9%) colonoscopies were performed by general surgeons (GS), and 62 (72.1%) by gastroenterologists (GE). When patients who underwent colonoscopy in other centers were extracted, the PWT for our center was 20.4±10.8 days. When grouped according to specialties, the PWT of patients who had their colonoscopy performed by GS was significantly shorter than patients who underwent colonoscopy by GE at the same center (p<0.05). Patient's age, sex and location of the tumor had no effect on PWT (p>0.05). CONCLUSION The preparation time for surgery in colorectal cancer patients is influenced by the specialty of the physician performing the procedure. In order to standardize this period, a common flow diagram after endoscopy should be established for patients with suspected malignancy.
A drug discovery case history of ‘delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol, cannabidiol’

Introduction: Although the Cannabis sativa herb has been known for its therapeutic benefit for centuries, the interest in the clinical potential of cannabinoid-based drugs escalated after the discovery of the endocannabinoid system. The understanding of their actions at the molecular level indicates that the therapeutic applications of cannabinoids (plant-derived or synthetic) may be diverse. Several drugs containing cannabinoids are currently used in the therapy of emesis, pain and spasticity. Areas covered: This drug discovery case history reviews the preclinical and clinical development of Sativex (‘delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol, cannabidiol’; nabiximols). Sativex is the first licensed phytocannabinoid-based drug approved, or in the process of approval, as therapy for indications such as MS-associated spasticity or chronic pain. Sativex contains a combination of two cannabinoids in approximately equal quantities (δ-9-tetrahydrocannabinol and cannabidiol) and is administered via an oromucosal pump spray, aiming at minimising psychotropic side effects and first pass effect. Pivotal clinical safety and efficacy data that led to Sativex's approval are discussed, as well as issues that have arisen with its clinical usage. Expert opinion: Although pleiotrophic effects of cannabinoids may raise complex issues beyond their symptomatic effects, standardised pharmaceutical cannabinoids may constitute a useful addition to the pharmacotherapeutic armamentarium in chronic conditions insufficiently alleviated by existing drugs.
Hydration repulsion between biomembranes results from an interplay of dehydration and depolarization

Hydration repulsion dominates the interaction between polar surfaces in water at nanometer separations and ultimately prevents the sticking together of biological matter. Although confirmed by a multitude of experimental methods for various systems, its mechanism remained unclear. A simulation technique is introduced that yields accurate pressures between solvated surfaces at prescribed water chemical potential and is applied to a stack of phospholipid bilayers. Experimental pressure data are quantitatively reproduced and the simulations unveil a rich microscopic picture: Direct membrane–membrane interactions are attractive but overwhelmed by repulsive indirect water contributions. Below about 17 water molecules per lipid, this indirect repulsion is of an energetic nature and due to desorption of hydration water; for larger hydration it is entropic and suggested to involve water depolarization. This antagonistic nature and the presence of various compensating contributions indicate that the hydration repulsion is less universal than previously assumed and rather involves finely tuned surface-water interactions.
Fast Simulations of Gas Sloshing and Cold Front Formation

We present a simplied and fast method for simulating minor mergers between galaxy clusters. Instead of following the evolution of the dark matter halos directly by the N-body method, we employ a rigid potential approximation for both clusters. The simulations are run in the rest frame of the more massive cluster and account for the resulting inertial accelerations in an optimised way. We test the reliability of this method for studies of minor merger induced gas sloshing by performing a one-to-one comparison between our simulations and hydro+N-body ones. We nd that the rigid potential approximation reproduces the sloshing-related features well except for two artefacts: the temperature just outside the cold fronts is slightly over-predicted, and the outward motion of the cold fronts is delayed by typically 200 Myr. We discuss reasons for both artefacts.
Choice Set Definition Issues in a Kuhn-tucker Model of Recreation Demand *

Much of the literature on choice sets has focused on how alternative specifications of market scope and site definition impact site selection models and the resulting welfare estimates per choice occasion. In this paper, choice set definition issues are investigated using the KuhnTucker model, which integrates the site selection and participation decisions in a unified and utility theoretic framework. This allows us to consider the impact that alternative site set definitions may have on both where individuals recreate and the numbers of trips they take. Using data from the 1997 Iowa Wetlands Survey we examine the effects on estimates and welfare measures of choice sets representing various levels of site aggregation and market scope. We find that significant differences in welfare measures arise from changing choice set definitions.
MobiGroup: Enabling Lifecycle Support to Social Activity Organization and Suggestion With Mobile Crowd Sensing

This paper presents a group-aware mobile crowd sensing system called MobiGroup, which supports group activity organization in real-world settings. Acknowledging the complexity and diversity of group activities, this paper introduces a formal concept model to characterize group activities and classifies them into four organizational stages. We then present an intelligent approach to support group activity preparation, including a heuristic rule-based mechanism for advertising public activity and a context-based method for private group formation. In addition, we leverage features extracted from both online and offline communities to recommend ongoing events to attendees with different needs. Compared with the baseline method, people preferred public activities suggested by our heuristic rule-based method. Using a dataset collected from 45 participants, we found that the context-based approach for private group formation can attain a precision and recall of over 80%, and the usage of spatial-temporal contexts and group computing can have more than a 30% performance improvement over considering the interaction frequency between a user and related groups. A case study revealed that, by extracting the features such as dynamic intimacy and static intimacy, our cross-community approach for ongoing event recommendation can meet different user needs.
Mouse CD1 is distinct from and co‐exists with TL in the same thymus.

Human CD1 antigens have a similar tissue distribution and overall structure to (mouse) TL. However recent data from human CD1 suggest that the mouse homologue is not TL. Since no human TL has been conclusively demonstrated, we have analysed the murine CD1 genes. Two closely linked genes are found in a tail to tail orientation and the limited polymorphism found shows that, as in humans, the CD1 genes are not linked to the MHC. Both genes are found to be equally transcribed in the thymus, but differentially in other cell types. The expression in liver, especially, does not parallel CD1 in humans. This demonstrates conclusively that CD1 and TL are distinct and can co‐exist in the same thymus. It is paradoxical that despite the structural similarity between mouse and human CD1, the tissue distribution of human CD1 is closer to TL. The possibility of a functional convergence between MHC molecules and CD1 is discussed.
Researching social inequalities in education: towards a Bourdieuian methodology

The injustices of ‘allowing certain people to succeed, based not upon merit but upon the cultural experiences, the social ties and the economic resources they have access to, often remains unacknowledged in the broader society’ (Wacquant, 1998, p. 216). Cognizant of this, the authors argue that education requires researchers’ renewed examination and explanation of its involvement in the construction of social and economic differences. Specifically, they make the case for researchers to consider the theoretical work of Pierre Bourdieu, outlining what they understand by a Bourdieuian methodology, which is informed by socially critical and poststructural understandings of the world. Such methodology attempts to dig beneath surface appearances, asking how social systems work. By asking ‘whose interests are being served and how’ (Tripp, 1998, p. 37) in the social arrangements we find, Bourdieu can help us to ‘work towards a more just social order’ (Lenzo, 1995, p. 17).