Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Characterization of Epstein Barr Virus Latency Pattern in Argentine Breast Carcinoma

Introduction Epstein-Barr virus (EBV)-associated tumors show different expression patterns of latency genes. Since in breast carcinoma this pattern is not yet fully described, our aim was to characterize EBV latency pattern in our EBV positive breast carcinoma series. Methods The study was conducted on 71 biopsies of breast carcinoma and in 48 non-neoplastic breast controls. EBNA1, LMP2A and LMP1 expression was assessed by immunohistochemistry with monoclonal antibodies, while viral genomic DNA and EBERs RNA transcripts expression was performed by in situ hybridization. EBV presence was confirmed by PCR. Results EBV genomic DNA and EBNA1 expression were detected in 31% (22/71) of patients specifically restricted to tumor epithelial cells in breast carcinoma while all breast control samples were negative for both viral DNA and EBNA1 protein. LMP2A was detected in 73% of EBNA1 positive cases, none of which expressed either LMP1 protein or EBERs transcripts. Conclusions These findings suggest that EBV expression pattern in the studied biopsies could be different from those previously observed in breast carcinoma cell lines and lead us to suggest a new, EBNA1, LMP2A positive and LMP1 and EBERs negative latency profile in breast carcinoma in our population.
Make best use of social networks via more valuable friend recommendations

The human factors behind how a user gets in touch with the others are complex especially in twitter-like social networks, which unlike Facebook-like social networks, are gradually showing great power in information propagation. In an effective friend recommendation, the identification of factors that influence links creation between users is essential. This paper makes a full study of the human factors in social networks and takes into account both the users' need of similar friends and diversified friends. This paper, focusing on Twitter-like social networks, enumerates several of those intuitive and connotative criteria in establishing friendship on-line and then designs a recommendation system that fit Twitter-like social networks to help improve the user experience and help user benefit from the architecture and resources from social networks. The recommendation mechanism is developed based on the incorporation of heterophily value and homophily value in establishing friendship into hybrid content and collaborative filtering recommendation algorithm.
Coupling of Changes in Cerebral Blood Flow with Neural Activity: What Must Initially Dip Must Come Back Up

Activation flow coupling, increases in neuronal activity leading to changes in cerebral blood flow (CBF), is the basis of many neuroimaging methods. An early rise in deoxygenation, the “initial dip,” occurs before changes in CBF and cerebral blood volume (CBV) and may provide a better spatial localizer of early neuronal activity compared with subsequent increases in CBF. Imaging modality, anesthetic, degree of oxygenation, and species can influence the magnitude of this initial dip. The observed initial dip may reflect a depletion of mitochondrial oxygen (O2) buffers caused by increased neuronal activity. Changes in CBF mediated by nitric oxide (NO) or other metabolites and not caused by a lack of O2 or energy depletion most likely lead to an increased delivery of capillary O2 in an attempt to maintain intracellular O2 buffers.
Sex differences in fuel use and metabolism during development in fasting juvenile northern elephant seals

SUMMARY Many polygynous, capital breeders exhibit sexual dimorphism with respect to body size and composition. Sexual dimorphism is often facilitated by sex differences in foraging behavior, growth rates and patterns of nutrient deposition during development. In species that undergo extended fasts during development, metabolic strategies for fuel use have the potential to influence future reproductive success by directly impacting somatic growth and acquisition of traits required for successful breeding. We investigated sexual dimorphism associated with metabolic strategies for fasting in developing northern elephant seals. Thirty-one juvenile seals of both sexes were sampled over extended fasts during annual autumn haul-outs. Field metabolic rate (FMR) and the contribution of protein catabolism to energy expenditure were estimated from changes in mass and body composition over 23±5 days of fasting (mean ± s.d.). Protein catabolism was assessed directly in a subset of animals based on urea flux at the beginning and end of the fast. Regulatory hormones and blood metabolites measured included growth hormone, cortisol, thyroxine, triiodothyronine, insulin, glucagon, testosterone, estradiol, glucose, urea and β-hydroxybutyrate. Males exhibited higher rates of energy expenditure during the fast but spared body protein stores more effectively than females. Rates of protein catabolism and energy expenditure were significantly impacted by hormone levels, which varied between the sexes. These data suggest that sex differences in fuel metabolism and energy expenditure during fasting arise early in juvenile development and may play an important role in the development of adult traits associated with reproductive success.
Union Effects: Wages, Turnover, and Job Training

This study explores the existence of a net union premium and of the extent of rationing by quality of the resulting excess supply. The net union premium was estimated by relating changes in wages to changes in union status of the same worker in longitudinal panels (NLS and MID), and by two cross-section wage level regressions, a "prospective" and "retrospective" which permit more direct observation of selectivity in hiring. Over a half of the cross-section differential of over 20% for the "same" (standardized) worker is a net union rent and much of the rest reflects a quality adjustment in hiring, as measured by wages. This conclusion was less reliable for older workers. Subsequent analysis explores the effects of successful union wage pressure on: quit rates, fringe benefits, wage profiles, and training. The reduction in quit of union joiners depends on the size of the net wage premium. Quit rate differentials are also positively related to the gross, cross-section wage differentials within groups of workers, classified by location and occupation, less so by industry. In Section 4, it is hypothesized that the imposition of larger fixed labor costs (such as fringes) helps to deter employers from preferring reductions in hours to reductions in men, and it helps to stabilize employment in the face of fluctuating demand, by a more frequent use of overtime and of temporary layoffs in the union sector. This hypothesis links the size of fringe benefits to the union wage gain. An analysis of firms in 70 industries confirms this link. Union pressure is exerted on the whole tenure profile of wages. The explicit linking of wage levels to seniority reduces incentives for worker investment in general (transferable) training. The total volume of training is indeed reported to be smaller in union jobs, and this is consistent with the flatter profile.
EXTENDED STABILITY MARGINS ON CONTROLLER DESIGN FOR NONLINEAR INPUT DELAY SYSTEMS

Abstract In this paper, upper bounds for time-varying delays in the real-time control of a lab helicopter in the sense of practical stability analysis are derived. Sub-optimal controller parameters for this non-linear plant with a given maximum time-delay are calculated with the help of Lyapunov-Razumikhin method using LMIs (Linear Matrix Inequalities). These parameters are then optimized for extended time-delay margins by considering design specifications like settling-time and overshoot, using a novel 3-dimensional search algorithm in the vicinity of the previously identified values. Trade-off between settling-time and overshoot is achieved with the help of appropriate weighting factors in an objective function based approach.
The Price Setting Behaviour of Spanish Firms: Evidence from Survey Data

This paper reports the results of a survey carried out by the Banco de Espana on a sample of around 2000 Spanish firms to deepen the understanding of firms' price setting behaviour. The main findings may be summarised as follows. Most Spanish firms are price setters that use predominantly state dependent rules or a combination of time and state dependent rules when reviewing their prices. Changes in costs are the main factor underlying price increases, whereas changes in market conditions (demand and competitors' prices) are the main driving forces of price decreases. The degree of price flexibility is directly related to the share of energy inputs over total costs and to the intensity of competition, whereas it is inversely linked to the labour share. The three theories of price stickiness that receive the highest empirical support are implicit contracts, coordination failure and explicit contracts.
Cerebral correlates of psychotic syndromes in neurodegenerative diseases

• Introduction • Old age and Alzheimer’s disease ‐ Prevalence estimates ‐ Clinical manifestations ‐ Neuroimaging ‐ Neuropathology • Lewy body diseases ‐ Clinical features and prevalence ‐ Neuroimaging ‐ Neuropathology ‐ Huntington’s disease (HD) ‐ Frontotemporal dementia (frontotemporal lobe degeneration [FLTD]) ‐ Prion diseases ‐ Conclusions and future prospects
Financial Markets Interactions between Economic Theory and Practice

During the last decades many financial analysts, either theorists or practitioners, have dedicated their studies to the interactions between different financial sectors. The results of these researches confirm that commodities, bonds and stock markets are closely related, therefore a thorough analysis of one should includes considerations of the other two. The aim of this article is to demonstrate that, even if from the theoretical point of view financial markets present typical and strong correlations between them, under economic turmoil the correlations change their signs. Both elementary rules of economic theory and examples with real time series are used in the demonstration. The results of our research emphasize that a simple theoretical analysis of financial markets’ behaviour through inflation and interest rates cannot define the real interactions of the markets and more robust research approaches are required.
Inheritance anomaly in true concurrent object oriented languages: a proposal

Concurrency in object oriented languages seems natural. However well known problems arise when we try to define such concurrent object oriented languages. These problems deal with the interferences between expressing true concurrency inside objects and expressing reuse. The paper presents a concurrent object model and illustrates through various examples how it solves these interferences. <<ETX>>
Large Scale Data Management in Grid Systems: a Survey

Today the grid computing, intended initially for the intensive computing, open towards the management of voluminous, heterogeneous, and distributed data on a large-scale environment. The grid data management raises new problems and presents real challenges: resource discovery, efficiency of access, autonomic management, security, and benchmarking. This importance comes out of characteristics offered by grid systems: autonomy, heterogeneity and dynamicity of nodes. Firstly, we recall the fundamental problems of the large scale data management in grid systems and characteristics of these systems. Then, we describe in a highlight way proposed approaches (Web services, P2P techniques, Agent-based approach) for resource discovery. The remainder of the paper is devoted to point out the contributions of mobile agents for some problems of large scale data management, in particularly: dynamic query optimization, task placement, and embedded cost model. We show how mobile agents can help for decentralized control, and scaling.
The market for training: International perspectives on theory, methodology and policy

Key issues in the economics of training workforce training in the Thatcher era - market forces and market failures a human capital approach to training - second draft training productivity and underemployment in institutional labour markets training policy and economic theory - a policy maker's perspective a review of data available for research on training issues in the UK evaluating training at the company level methods for evaluating employment and training programs - lessons from the US experience measuring the effects of training in the Youth Cohort Study looking into the black box - using experimental data to find out how training works the determinants of training of male and female employees, and some measures of discrimination women's training needs - the British policy gap training and enterprise in France Vocational training and productivity performance - an Anglo-Dutch comparison training down under - an overview of the Australian experience.
Supply Side Story: Risks, Guarantees, Competition and Information Asymmetry

The risk of supply disruption increases as firms seek to procure from cheaper, but unproven, suppliers. We model a supply chain consisting of a single buyer and two suppliers, both of which compete for the buyer's order and face risk of supply disruption. One supplier is comparatively more reliable but also more expensive, whereas the other one is less reliable but cheaper and faces higher risk of disruption. Moreover, the risk level of the unreliable supplier may be private information, and this lack of visibility increases the buyer's purchasing risk. In such settings, the unreliable supplier often provides a price and quantity (P&Q) guarantee to the buyer. Our objective is to study the underlying motivation for the guarantee offer and its effects on the competitive intensity and the performance of the chain partners. Our model also includes a spot market that can be utilized by any party to buy or to sell. The spot market price is random, partially depends on the available capacity of the two suppliers, and has a positive spread between buying and selling prices. We analytically characterize the equilibrium contracts for the two suppliers and the buyer's optimal procurement strategy. First, our analysis shows that P&Q guarantee allows the unreliable supplier to better compete against the more reliable one by providing supply assurance to the buyer. More importantly, when information asymmetry risk is high, use of a guarantee may enable the unreliable supplier to credibly signal her true risk, thereby improving visibility into the chain. This signal can also be used by the buyer to infer the expected spot market price. In spite of these benefits, a guarantee offer in an asymmetric setting may not always be desirable for the buyer. Rather, it can reduce competition between the suppliers, resulting in higher costs for the buyer. This paper was accepted by Martin Lariviere, operations management.
Available Bandwidth Estimation Method Adaptive to Network Traffic Load Considering Fairness with UDT Flows

UDT (UDP-based Data Transfer) is a high speed transfer protocol which can utilize available bandwidth in Long Fat pipe Network (LFN) sufficiently. Meanwhile, it can estimate available bandwidth much greater than the actual available bandwidth when network status is congested resulting in fairness problem. UDT estimates MTR (Maximum Transfer Rate) using pair packets on receiver side and calculates available bandwidth with difference of estimated MTR and current transfer rate on sender side. Therefore, MTR is a major concern in order to estimate available bandwidth exactly. In this paper, we propose Congestion Degree (CD) based MTR estimation method reflecting on the current network congestion status. In this context, the congestion degree stands for a relative index of current network congestion, which is calculated with arriving intervals of pair packets. The simulation results showed that, our proposed method can improve the bandwidth utilization fairness problem significantly comparing with the UDT in terms of the number of flows.
Informed Source Separation of Linear Instantaneous Under-Determined Audio Mixtures by Source Index Embedding

In this paper, we address the issue of underdetermined source separation of I nonstationary audio sources from a J -channel linear instantaneous mixture (J <; I). This problem is addressed with a specific coder-decoder configuration. At the coder, source signals are assumed to be available before the mixing is processed. A time-frequency (TF) joint analysis of each source signal and mixture signal enables to select the subset of sources (among I ) leading to the best separation results in each TF region. A corresponding source(s) index code is imperceptibly embedded into the mix signal using a watermarking technique. At the decoder, where the original source signals are unknown, the extraction of the watermark enables to invert the mixture in each TF region to recover the source signals. With such an informed approach, it is shown that five instruments and singing voice signals can be efficiently separated from two-channel stereo mixtures, with a quality that significantly overcomes the quality obtained by a semi-blind reference method and enables separate manipulation of the source signals during stereo music restitution (i.e., remixing).
Stochastic Volatility with Reset at Jumps

This paper presents a model for asset returns incorporating both stochastic volatility and jump effects. The return process is driven by two types of randomness: small random shocks and large jumps. The stochastic volatility process is affected by both types of randomness in returns. Specifically, in the absence of large jumps, volatility is driven by the small random shocks in returns through a GARCH(1,1) model, while the occurrence of a jump event breaks the persistence in the volatility process, and resets it to an unknown deterministic level. Model estimation is performed on daily returns of S&P~500 index using the maximum-likelihood method. The empirical results are discussed.
Context-Based Operational Transformation in Distributed Collaborative Editing Systems

Operational Transformation (OT) is a consistency maintenance technique for collaborative editing systems-a special class of distributed applications for supporting human-computer-human interaction and collaboration over communication networks. The theory of causality has been the foundation of all prior OT systems, but it is inadequate to meet essential OT requirements in functionality and correctness. In this paper, we analyze the limitation of the causality theory, propose a novel theory of operation context as the new foundation for OT systems, and present a new OT algorithm-Context-based OT (COT)-which provides uniform and efficient solutions to both consistency maintenance and undo problems. The COT algorithm has been implemented and used for supporting a range of novel collaborative applications. The context theory and context vectors are potentially applicable to other distributed computing applications.
Topics in Statistical Theory

1 Deviation bounds . 3 1.1 Markov and generalization . 3 1.2 Class of sub-Gaussian random variables . 4 1.2.1 Basic properties . 4 1.2.2 Chernoff and Hoeffding-type bounds . 5 1.2. 3 Bernstein-type bound . 6 1.3 Class of sub-exponential random variables . 8 1.3.1 Basic properties . 8 1.3.2 Bounds . 8 1.4 Maximal inequalities . 9 1.4. 1 Maximum over a finite set . 10 1.4. 2 Maximum over a polytope . 10 1.4. 3 Maximum over the Euclidean ball . 11 2 Estimation and detection in high-dimension . 13 2.1 Constrained estimation . 13 2.1.1 General bounds . 13 2.1.2 Examples . 14 2.1.3 Convex sets . 15 2.2 Hypothesis testing . 17 2.2.1 Statistics for testing . 18 2.2.2 Examples . 18 3 Information-theoretic lower bounds . 19 3.1 Bounds for hypothesis testing . 19 3.1.1 Total variation distance . 19 3.1.2 Divergence between distributions . 21 3.1.3 Kullback-Leibler divergence . 22 3.2 Bounds for estimation . 24 3.2.1 Fano’s lemma . 25 3.2.2 Packing techniques . 28 3.2. 3 Lower bounds for estimation . 28 3.3 Techniques for detection . 30
Glutamine Is Required for Persistent Epileptiform Activity in the Disinhibited Neocortical Brain Slice

The neurotransmitter glutamate is recycled through an astrocytic–neuronal glutamate–glutamine cycle in which synaptic glutamate is taken up by astrocytes, metabolized to glutamine, and transferred to neurons for conversion back to glutamate and subsequent release. The extent to which neuronal glutamate release is dependent upon this pathway remains unclear. Here we provide electrophysiological and biochemical evidence that in acutely disinhibited rat neocortical slices, robust release of glutamate during sustained epileptiform activity requires that neurons be provided a continuous source of glutamine. We demonstrate that the uptake of glutamine into neurons for synthesis of glutamate destined for synaptic release is not strongly dependent on the system A transporters, but requires another unidentified glutamine transporter or transporters. Finally, we find that the attenuation of network activity through inhibition of neuronal glutamine transport is associated with reduced frequency and amplitude of spontaneous events detected at the single-cell level. These results indicate that availability of glutamine influences neuronal release of glutamate during periods of intense network activity.
The bilateral bispectral and the composite variability indexes during anesthesia for unilateral surgical procedure

Background: The composite variability index (CVI), derived from the bispectral analysis (BIS), has been designed to detect nociception; however, there is no evidence that bilateral BIS and CVI show intrapatient reproducibility or variability. Methods: We conducted an observational study in patients who underwent for total knee arthroplasty. A BIS Bilateral Sensor was applied and continuously recorded at different points of the anesthesia procedure. Bland–Altman limits of agreement and dispersion for BIS and for CVI were applied. Results: Forty-nine right-handed patients were studied. There were differences between the right and left BIS values after tracheal intubation (which was higher on the right side) and at surgical stimulus (higher on the left side). The maximum BIS and minimum, mean, and maximum CVI scores were higher on the left side for left-side procedures, but there were no differences in any indexes for the right-side procedures. Except for the baseline measurements, both CVI and BIS scores presented high interpatient variability. Although the right to left bias was < 3% for the BIS index, dispersion was large at different stages of the anesthesia. The right to left bias for the CVI was 3.8% at tracheal intubation and 5.7% during surgical stimulus. Conclusions: Our results indicate that the large interindividual variability of BIS and CVI limits their usefulness. We found differences between the left and right measurements in a right-handed series of patients during surgical stimuli though they were not clinically relevant.
New Algorithm for Recursive Estimation in Linear Discrete-Time Systems with Unknown Parameters

The problem of recursive filtering for linear discrete-time systems with uncertainties is considered. A new suboptimal filtering algorithm is herein proposed. It is based on the fusion formula, which represents an optimal mean-square linear combination of local Kalman estimates with weights depending on cross-covariances between local filtering errors. In contrast to the optimal weights, the suboptimal weights do not depend on current measurements, and thus the proposed algorithm can easily be implemented in real-time. High accuracy and efficiency of the suboptimal filtering algorithm are demonstrated on the following examples: damper harmonic oscillator motion and vehicle motion constrained to a plane.