Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
PRISM: An In-Vehicle CPU-Oriented Novel Azimuth Estimation Technique for Electronic-Scan 76-GHz Adaptive-Cruise-Control Radar System

In this paper, we have developed a novel azimuth- estimation technique for 76-GHz adaptive-cruise-control radar systems. To resolve the rank deficiency of the signal covariance matrix and to decrease the influence of dominant noise components, we used an improved SS technique. To balance computational cost with azimuth resolution for in-vehicle implementation, we introduced a projection matrix kernel, which formally is similar to that of beamforming (BF) and semantically similar to that of the propagator method. Our technique is called the PRopagator method based on an improved spatial-smoothing matrix (PRISM). Incorrectly estimating the number of targets causes the conventional BF, subspace-based (SB), or maximum- likelihood methods to produce many false spectrum peaks on the relative azimuth-to-distance plane. We omitted the process of estimating the number of targets, which requires high computational power, because our projection matrix kernel strongly suppresses these false peaks. We conducted numerical experiments using an electronic-scan radar system to examine the performance of PRISM. Compared to conventional SB methods, PRISM requires SNRs that are 2-3 dB higher but has competitive azimuth resolution at a centesimal fraction of the computational cost.
Physical Activity Recognition Using a Single Tri-Axis Accelerometer

Ver the past two decades, a striking increase in the number of people with the metabolic syndrome worldwide has taken place. This increase is associated with the global epidemic of obesity and diabetes. With the elevated risk not only of diabetes but also of cardiovascular disease from the metabolic syndrome, there is urgent need for strategies to prevent the emerging global epidemic [1,2]. Although the metabolic syndrome appears to be more common in people who are genetically susceptible, acquired underlying risk factors-being overweight or obese, physical inactivity, and an atherogenic diet-commonly elicit clinical manifestations [3].
A Bargain Might Not Exist : How the Distribution of Power Causes War

This paper challenges the conventional wisdom about bargaining and war. If more than two players bargain, or if war can end in stalemate, then a bargain that all actors prefer to war may not exist—even if there are no information problems, commitment problems, principal agent problems, alliance dynamics, or indivisible goods. Existing models generate a bargaining range because they artificially constrain the technology of power. Consequently, current theories constitute only a subset of the possible rationalist explanations for war. This paper suggests how the nature of power, states, and military technology affect the possibility of peace.
Vapocoolant spray is equally effective as EMLA cream in reducing immunization pain in school-aged children.

BACKGROUND Untreated immunization pain causes undue distress and contributes to underimmunization through physician, and possibly parental, resistance to multiple simultaneous injections. OBJECTIVE To compare the efficacies of two pain management methods in reducing immediate immunization injection pain and distress in school-aged children. DESIGN A randomized, controlled clinical trial of eutectic mixture of local anesthetics (EMLA) cream and vapocoolant spray. PATIENTS Children aged 4 to 6 years and scheduled to receive diphtheria and tetanus toxoids and acellular pertussis vaccine (DTaP) during health supervision visits. INTERVENTIONS Enrolled children were randomized to one of three treatment groups: 1) EMLA cream + distraction; 2) vapocoolant spray + distraction; or 3) distraction alone (control). The specific pharmacologic pain control interventions consisted of EMLA cream (2.5% lidocaine, 2.5% prilocaine [Astra Pharmaceutical Products, Inc, Westborough, MA] $15. 00/patient; applied 60 minutes before injection) and vapocoolant spray (Fluori-Methane [Gebauer Company, Cleveland, OH] $0. 50/patient; applied via spray-saturated cotton ball for 15 seconds immediately before injection). MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES The blinded investigator (BI) measured (by edited videotape) cry duration and the number of pain behaviors using the Observational Scale of Behavioral Distress. Pain visual analog scales (linear and faces scales) were completed by the child, parent, nurse, and the BI. RESULTS Sixty-two children, aged 4.5 +/- 0.4 years (mean +/- SD) were randomized. The three treatment groups had similar subject characteristics. All pain measures and cry duration were similar for EMLA and vapocoolant spray. Both EMLA and spray were significantly better than control. Results for spray vs control: cry duration (seconds): 8.5 +/- 21.0 vs 38.6 +/- 50.5; number of pain behaviors: 1.2 +/- 1.9 vs. 3.1 +/- 2.1; child-scored faces scale: 2.0 +/- 2.4 vs. 4.1 +/- 2.3; parent-scored faces scale: 1.6 +/- 1.6 vs. 3.0 +/- 1.7; nurse-scored faces scale: 1.6 +/- 1.2 vs. 3.1 +/- 1.4; and BI-scored faces scale: 1.0 +/- 1.5 vs. 2.4 +/- 1.4. CONCLUSIONS When combined with distraction, vapocoolant spray significantly reduces immediate injection pain compared with distraction alone, and is equally effective as, less expensive, and faster-acting than EMLA cream. As an effective, inexpensive, and convenient pain control method, vapocoolant spray may help overcome physician and parent resistance to multiple injections that leads to missed opportunities to immunize.
Controlled-release oxycodone for pain in diabetic neuropathy

Background and objective: Opioid treatment has played a limited role in the management of diabetic neuropathy, in part because of concerns about the responsiveness of neuropathic pain to opioid treatment. This controlled study evaluated the efficacy and safety of controlled-release (CR) oxycodone in subjects with moderate to severe pain due to diabetic neuropathy. Methods: This multicenter, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, parallel-group study included 159 subjects with moderate to severe pain due to diabetic neuropathy. Treatment began with either one 10-mg tablet of CR oxycodone (n = 82) or identical placebo (n = 77) every 12 hours. Doses could be increased every 3 days to a maximum of 6 tablets (60 mg CR oxycodone) every 12 hours. Treatment lasted up to 6 weeks. The primary efficacy variable was overall average daily pain intensity during study days 28 to 42. Results: At an average (SD) dose of 37 (21) mg per day (range 10 to 99 mg/d), CR oxycodone provided more analgesia than placebo (p= 0.002) in the intent-to-treat cohort. From days 28 to 42, overall average daily pain intensity (least squares mean ±SE), rated in subject diaries on a numeric scale of 0 (no pain) to 10 (pain as bad as you can imagine), was 4.1 ± 0.3 in subjects given CR oxycodone and 5.3 ± 0.3 in placebo-treated subjects. Overall, 80 (96%) of 82 subjects given CR oxycodone and 52 (68%) of 77 subjects who received placebo reported adverse events. The most common adverse events in the CR oxycodone group were opioid related. Conclusions: In this 6-week trial, CR oxycodone was effective for the treatment of moderate to severe pain due to diabetic neuropathy. Adverse events were typical of opioid-related side effects.
A Geometric Programming Approach for a Nonlinear Joint Production-Marketing Problem

This paper presents a nonlinear model of a joint production – marketing problem intending at determining the unit selling price, unit marketing expenditure and economic production quantity per production cycle simultaneously. The proposed model involves some cost functions such as market share loss cost which is not regarded in similar models in the related literature. The model is a signomial geometric programming model with 4 degrees of difficulty which will be transformed to a standard posynomial geometric one, using the concepts behind the relations between geometric and arithmetic means. This transformed model is solved by an iterative algorithmic procedure. Eventually the presented procedure is illustrated by numerical examples.
Steuern, Wettbewerb und Wettbewerbsneutralität

Abstract The taxation of goods and services that are either non-tradable (such as local postal services) or only tradable to a limited extent is not subject to international tax competition. Hence, tax induced distortions of competition between different domestic firms can easily continue to exist even in an otherwise globalised economy. This article discusses two recent examples from Germany that illustrate the problem and demonstrate how consumption taxes can distort product market competition. First, the value-added tax privilege of Deutsche Post AG is discussed, and secondly, the air travel tax that has recently been introduced in Germany.
Pose recognition using mixture of exponential family

Pose recognition has recently become a very hot research topic in computer vision and multimedia information processing. In this paper, we propose a generative model for pose recognition based on mixtures of the exponential family of distributions. The distributions which are considered in this paper are the Multivariate Gaussian (MG), Rayleigh (R), Poisson (P), Bernoulli (B) and Centered Laplacian (CL). The model leads to a generic algorithm that is able to perform learning in a more efficient and flexible manner. Subsequently, it can be used to evaluate the performance of each distribution in the task of pose recognition. The approach is also compared to a discriminative approach (i.e. Support Vector Machine) using the frontal face dataset.
Can There Be a Resource-Based View of Politics?

This paper evaluates recent contributions that have used the resource-based view of the firm as far as politics is concerned. We show that the resource perspective has been mobilized in two very different contexts. One is the use of political resources in corporate political behavior, while the second context corresponds to the issue of the exploitation of favorable public decisions that some authors see as corporate resources. We conclude that mobilizing the resource concept is more relevant in the first case than in the second one. This paper also provides an opportunity to offer a general framework on the process going from corporate political activity to superior economic performance, granting a central role to the notion of public-policy advantage.
SRC-1, a non-receptor type of protein tyrosine kinase, controls the direction of cell and growth cone migration in C. elegans

Src family tyrosine kinase (SFK) has been implicated in the regulation of cell adhesion and migration during animal development. We show that SRC-1, an ortholog of SFK, plays an essential role in directing cell migration in Caenorhabditis elegans. The mutation in the src-1 gene results in defective distal tip cell (DTC)-directed gonad morphogenesis in an activity-dependent and DTC cell-autonomous manners. In the src-1 mutants, DTCs fail to turn and continue their centrifugal migration along the ventral muscles. The effect of the src-1 mutation is suppressed by mutations in genes that function in the CED/Rac pathway, suggesting that SRC-1 in DTCs is an upstream regulator of a Rac pathway that controls cytoskeletal remodeling. In the src-1 mutant, the expression of unc-5/netrin receptor is normally regulated, and neither the precocious expression of UNC-5 nor the mutation in the unc-5 gene significantly affects the DTC migration defect. These data suggest that SRC-1 acts in the netrin signaling in DTCs. The src-1 mutant also exhibits cell-autonomous defects in the migration and growth cone path-finding of Q neuroblast descendants AVM and PVM. However, these roles of SRC-1 do not appear to involve the CED/Rac pathway. These findings show that SRC-1 functions in responding to various extracellular guidance cues that direct the cell migration via disparate signaling pathways in different cell types.
Learning through digitally-augmented physical experiences: Reflections on the ambient wood project.

“Fast and bulbous ”- In memory of Mike Scaife who was the inspiration and the instigator of the project Information Technology (IT) has become an ubiquitous part of education, with a wide range of software being developed and used nowadays to support children in their learning. A dominant model has been to provide information and learning material, that is accessed via the web through the use of desktop computers, in the classroom, the library or home. While the use of technology in this way is generally considered to be successful, it is limited in the kinds of learning activities that it supports. How else might we combine technology and information to extend learning? We report here on a very different approach, where we used a diversity of pervasive, hi-tech and mobile technologies to design a set of integrated, novel learning experiences, to take place outdoors in a wood. Our aim was to augment the physical environment with various forms of ambient digital information, such that children’s interactions and perceptions of it were extended in surprising and unusual ways. In so doing, our goal was to get children to take part and learn more about scientific enquiry, through discovering, reflecting and experimenting in an ambient wood.
Method of 3D reconstruction using graph cuts, and its application to preserving intangible cultural heritage

We are developing an archive system that can preserve Japanese traditional dramatic arts, such as “Noh”, in the form of dynamic 3D models. Dynamic 3D models are models that are generated from video images captured by multiple cameras surrounding a target object for each frame. The archive system can provide an entire Noh scene from any viewpoint by synthesizing dynamic 3D models with a computer graphics model of a Noh stage.
Adaptive bit loading algorithm of shortwave broadband OFDM system

A kind of adaptive bit loading algorithm is proposed in this paper that is suitable for shortwave broadband orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) system. This algorithm is based on Fischer's algorithm and improves it. A fixed transmit rate and a fixed total transmit power is assumed in this algorithm. As the assumption, the new algorithm can achieve the optimum performance of bit error rate (BER) on shortwave broadband channel. The simulated results show that the performance of the new algorithm is close to Chow's algorithm, but much simpler. Therefore the new algorithm is applicable to engineering realization.
The Source of Ions for Biomineralization in Foraminifera and Their Implications for Paleoceanographic Proxies

The global carbon cycle is strongly perturbed by fossil fuel burning leading to atmospheric CO2 increase. Climatic warming followed by polar ice melting and global sea level rise are predicted due to the greenhouse effect of increasing CO2 in the atmosphere (Houghton et al. 1995). The ocean plays a major role in neutralizing the excess CO2 because the amount of inorganic carbon available for exchange with the atmosphere in the ocean is approximately 50–60 times larger than in the atmosphere (e.g., Siegenthaler and Sarmiento 1993). The bulk of the atmospheric CO2 excess will eventually be neutralized by CaCO3 dissolution in the deep marine environment. This is, however, is a relatively slow process that operates on the time scale of ocean circulation (1000 yrs) and is therefore causing an accumulation of CO2 in the atmosphere. This phenomenon will result in potentially severe consequences to the well being of global ecological systems. Obviously the scientific attention of many biogeochemists is focused on processes controlling the response of the marine system to changes in atmospheric CO2 concentrations (e.g., Archer and Maier-Reimer 1994; Broecker 1997; Sigman and Boyle 2000; Berger 2002). ### Foraminifera, corals, and coccolithophores in the global carbon cycle There are four dominant processes involved in neutralizing the excess atmospheric CO2 in the ocean. These are: 1) gas exchange at the air-sea interface and reaction with the carbonate ion to form bicarbonate, 2) net primary productivity, 3) CaCO3 production and dissolution and 4) ocean circulation. Most of these processes are biologically mediated and may have special importance in shallow tropical environments where the exchange with the atmosphere is more direct. In this review we address the mechanism of biomineralization in one of the major groups that precipitates CaCO3 in the ocean—the foraminifera. As we will show, this group …
Contract of employment, The : a study in legal evolution

This paper reconstructs the evolutionary path of the contract of employmentin English law. It demonstrates that the contract of employment is a more recent innovation than widely thought, and that its essential features owe as much to legislation as they do to the common law of contract. The master-servant model of the nineteenth century was only displaced by the modern contract of employment as a result of twentieth century social legislation and collective bargaining. The paper discusses present-day mutations in the legal form of employment in the light of this analysis.
The White Racial Frame: Centuries of Racial Framing and Counter-Framing

In this book Joe Feagin extends the systemic racism framework in previous Routledge books by developing an innovative concept, the white racial frame. Now four centuries-old, this white racial frame encompasses not only the stereotyping, bigotry, and racist ideology emphasized in other theories of "race," but also the visual images, array of emotions, sounds of accented language, interlinking interpretations and narratives, and inclinations to discriminate that are still central to the frame's everyday operations. Deeply imbedded in American minds and institutions, this white racial frame has for centuries functioned as a broad worldview, one essential to the routine legitimation, scripting, and maintenance of systemic racism in the United States. Here Feagin examines how and why this white racial frame emerged in North America, how and why it has evolved socially over time, which racial groups are framed within it, how it has operated in the past and in the present for both white Americans and Americans of color, and how the latter have long responded with strategies of resistance that include enduring counter-frames. In this new edition, Feagin has included much new interview material and other data from recent research studies on framing issues related to white, black, Latino, and Asian Americans, and on society generally. The book also includes a new discussion of the impact of the white frame on popular culture, including on movies, video games, and television programs as well as a discussion of the white racial frame's significant impacts on public policymaking, immigration, the environment, health care, and crime and imprisonment issues.
Principles of MicroRNA–Target Recognition

MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are short non-coding RNAs that regulate gene expression in plants and animals. Although their biological importance has become clear, how they recognize and regulate target genes remains less well understood. Here, we systematically evaluate the minimal requirements for functional miRNA–target duplexes in vivo and distinguish classes of target sites with different functional properties. Target sites can be grouped into two broad categories. 5′ dominant sites have sufficient complementarity to the miRNA 5′ end to function with little or no support from pairing to the miRNA 3′ end. Indeed, sites with 3′ pairing below the random noise level are functional given a strong 5′ end. In contrast, 3′ compensatory sites have insufficient 5′ pairing and require strong 3′ pairing for function. We present examples and genome-wide statistical support to show that both classes of sites are used in biologically relevant genes. We provide evidence that an average miRNA has approximately 100 target sites, indicating that miRNAs regulate a large fraction of protein-coding genes and that miRNA 3′ ends are key determinants of target specificity within miRNA families.
Advertising with Spillover Effects in a Differential Oligopoly Game With Differentiated Goods

We consider a differentiated oligopoly where firms compete a la Cournot in the market phase, and each firms may invest in advertising activity, to enlarge its market size. Each firm`s advertising effort has positive external effects on the market size of all rivals. We derive the open-loop (and the coincident closed-loop) Nash equilibrium, and the optimal behavior of a cartel involving all firms setting both quantities and advertising efforts so as to maximize joint profits. The comparative assessment of these equilibria shows that a cartel may produce a steady state where social welfare is higher than the social welfare level associated wit the non-cooperative setting. This is due to the positive externalities from advertising activity.
Évaluation de l'impact des pratiques agricoles sur les fonctions de la biodiversité à l'aide d'indicateurs agri-environnementaux : approche globale et développement d'un indicateur de "résistance aux stress biotiques"

Des outils d’evaluation pertinents sont necessaires pour evaluer l’impact des pratiques agricoles sur les fonctions assurees par la biodiversite de l’echelle de la parcelle a l’echelle du territoire. L’objectif et l’innovation du present travail a ete d’explorer une nouvelle methode de creation d’un outil d’evaluation des fonctions de la biodiversite. Nous avons choisi comme methode d’evaluation les indicateurs agri-environnementaux, qui permettent d’evaluer l’impact des pratiques agricoles sur les compartiments de l’environnement (eau, sol, air, faune et flore) et aident a la prise de decisions. Nous proposons donc une architecture generale d’un indicateur de biodiversite fonctionnelle et le detail d’un indicateur de fonction agronomique d’importance: la resistance aux stress biotiques. Au sein de cet indicateur se trouve un sous-indicateur : le « role des auxiliaires terrestre ». Les carabes seront utilises comme auxiliaire modele pour la construction de ce sous-indicateur. Deux methodes de construction d’indicateurs sont comparees: une methode a dire d’expert et une methode par fouille de donnees, cette deuxieme methode representant une innovation de la these. Les resultats de ces methodes sont ensuite compares a des mesures de terrain conduit sur le territoire de Vittel. Les mesures de terrain ont concerne le suivi des populations de carabes, et l’organisation du territoire agricole. Un traitement par un systeme d’information geographique a permis la validation des indicateurs obtenus
How Spurious is the Relationship Between Food Price and Energy Density? A Simple Procedure and Statistical Test

An important ongoing debate in the literature is whether or not the relationship between food price per kilocalorie and energy density is real or spurious. No closure has come on this debate because no formal statistical tests have been performed. Rather, the arguments against a real relationship have been more anecdotal or analogy based. The goal of this paper is to develop and demonstrate a simple test for the degree of spurious correlation between price of food per kilocalorie and energy density and apply it to a large number of foods. Whereas previous studies have considered rather small sample sizes (e.g. 300 foods or less), here the test is applied to 4430 different foods and 25 different food sub groups from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Study (NHANES) 2003-04. The results indicate that over all foods the relationship is spurious between price per kilocalorie and energy density. When the analysis is broken down by food groups, 92% of the relationships between price per kilocalorie and energy density are spurious. Because this is such an important issue and has been cast within the context of an economic argument, a brief discussion outlines the more appropriate economic framework for discussing the relationships between price and food attributes, such as energy density.