Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Assessing Green IT Readiness: Experience from an Indian ICT Organization

The application of green consciousness to Information and Communication Technology (ICT) is commonly referred to as Green Information Technology (IT). Understanding and leveraging Green IT principles and practices is therefore critical for businesses’ continued progress. The Green IT-readiness is conceptualised as a measure of a company’s IT preparedness to be environmentally responsible and competitive. This paper presents the experience in assessing the Green IT readiness of an Indian IT Firm. The assessment involves (i) understanding the existing measures for “Greening”, (ii) quantitatively exploring the potential for energy saving through two main actions like shutting down the computers when not in use, use of power management techniques and conversion from desktop to laptop (iii) assessing the awareness among the employees through survey based on the Green IT-readiness framework proposed in Molla et.al, 2009 and (iv) identifying the actions to be taken to make the organization Green IT ready.
Why Algologists Underworked in the Pandemic?

Background: The aim of this study is to examine the effect of the COVID-19 pandemic on the number of applications to the Algology Outpatient Clinic and the interventional treatments applied. Methods: The clinical and demographic data of the patients who applied to the Algology Outpatient Clinic between 01.03. 2019 and 01.03. 2021 were scanned retrospectively. Patients were classified in terms of age, gender, cause of pain and interventional treatment. According to the data obtained, the patients were divided into two groups as before the pandemic (Group I) and during the pandemic (Group II). Results: A total of 14412 patient (9194 patients in Group I and 5218 patients in Group II) data were analyzed. In both Group II (63.3%) and Group I (69.4%) women's admission rate was higher. The mean age was 61.0 in Group II and 55.5 in Group I. Interventional treatment application rate was lower in Group II (13%) than Group I (52.4%). The most common interventional treatment was for myofascial pain in Group I (p=0.001) and for low back pain in Group II (p=0.001). In addition, the rate of interventional treatment for joint pain (p=0.035) in Group I, upper extremity pain (p=0.001) and headache (p=0.020) in Group II was higher. Conclusion: The COVID-19 pandemic caused a decrease in the number of patients who applied to the Algology Outpatient Clinic and the rate of interventional treatments applied. Pharmacological agents preferred more in the treatment. During the pandemic, the rate of interventional treatments for low back pain, headache and extremity pain increased.
Topical anti-inflammatory and analgesic activities of Laportea decumana (Roxb) Wedd extract cream in rats

: Laportea decumana is a plant that has traditionally been used to treat pain. This study aimed to determine the anti-inflammatory and analgesic activity of L. decumana leaf extract (LD extract) topical cream in rats. The anti-inflammatory effects of LD cream at a concentration of 0.5%, 1%, and 2% extract were determined by carrageen-induced acute inflammation on rat hind paws. Hydrocortisone (1%) cream was used as a comparison. The volume of oedema and IL-6 level were analysed following one day of application. Another set of experiments was performed to assess the analgesic activity of LD cream by intraplantar injection of 1% formalin, using 30% methyl salicylate cream as a comparison. Pain indicators, including foot stamping and licking, were observed for 60 minutes. The results showed that rats received the 2% LD cream had reduced carrageenan-induced paw oedema of up to 13.1% at the 3 rd hour, and 8.1% at the 4 th hour, compared to the placebo (p < 0.05). Rats treated with the 2% LD cream also had the lowest level of IL-6 in their paw tissue, which was comparable to 1% hydrocortisone cream treatment. Similarly, in the analgesic tests, a significant decrease in the amount of foot stamping and licking was seen following the administration of 2% LD cream (p < 0.05). This analgesic effect was similar to that of 30% methyl salicylate cream. In conclusion, cream containing 2% LD extract provided anti-inflammatory and analgesic effects in rats, and might be useful for treating pain and inflammation in humans.
Correlation between Steatosis Degree and Hypertension Degree in Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease Patients in Indonesia

Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) has been recognized closely linked to cardiovascular diseases including hypertension. The connection between these conditions can be attributed to lipotoxicity, that induces systemic inflammation by activating the sympathetic nervous system (SNS) and triggers the release of angiotensin II within the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS). This study examined the correlation between degree of steatosis and degree of hypertension in NAFLD patients at Hajj Hospital Jakarta in 2019-2022. A cross-sectional approach was used to analyse the medical record data obtained through consecutive sampling. B-mode abdominal ultrasound examination assessed the degree of steatosis in NAFLD. Blood pressure grading was based on the 2020 International Society of Hypertension (ISH) Global Hypertension Practice Guidelines. The data were processed using Somers’d test to define the correlation between steatosis and hypertension.Of 53 NAFLD subjects, 56.6% were female, and mild steatosis was dominant (54.7%). The proportion of hypertension among NAFLD patients was 39.7%, with a higher prevalence of 61.9% among those aged 50 years or older. Majority of patients were grade I hypertension, whereas all subjects with grade II hypertension exhibited severe steatosis. There was correlation between the degree of hypertension and steatosis patients with NAFLD, with a p-value of 0.029 and a weak correlation coefficient (r= 0.251). This study found a correlation between steatosis and degree of hypertension. It was suggested females aged 50 years or older with grade II hypertension should be screened for fatty liver.
THE RESTRICTIVE PACE APPROXIMATION FOR THE SOLUTION OF SINGULARLY PERTURBED PARABOLIC PDE

This work is concerned with the numerical treatment of initial-boundary value problem for linear parabolic equations by a small parameter with the time derivative term. This problem is reduced to a stiff system of ODEs in time.The resulting system is solved by applying the restrictive Pade approximation of matrix exponentials. Numerical results are given and the method gives better results compared with the classical Pade approximation treatments.
STAT1/MUC4 activation promotes antimicrobial peptide production to reduce intestinal epithelium barrier injury caused by enteropathogenic Escherichia coli infection

Antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) are endogenous peptides that have been identified to alleviate intestinal epithelial barrier inflammation and dysfunction caused by enteropathogenic Escherichia coli (EPEC) infection; nonetheless, the upstream molecular mechanism of the production of AMPs is poorly understood.The binding of signal transducer and activator of transcription (STAT) 1 (STAT1) to mucin 4 (MUC4) was examined by Co-Immunoprecipitation assay. To detect the influence of STAT1 and MUC4 expression, C57BL/6 mice model of EPEC infection in vivo and EPEC infected intestinal epithelial cells (IEC) in vitro model was established. Expressions of STAT1, MUC4, phosphorylated (p)-STAT1, proinflammatory cytokines, zonula occludens-1 (ZO-1) and AMP-related genes in mouse ileum and/or IEC were analyzed by immunohistochemical test, immunofluorescence assay, Western blot, and/or qRT-PCR. Meanwhile, IEC viability and apoptosis were measured using CCK-8 assay and flow cytometry.p-STAT1, MUC4, ZO-1 and AMP-related gene were lowly expressed in the ileum of EPEC-infected mice. p-STAT1 and MUC4 bound to each other. The expressions of STAT1 and MUC4 were decreased in EPEC-infected IEC. Overexpression of STAT1 resisted EPEC-induced viability decrease, apoptosis promotion, ZO-1 activity inhibition, release of proinflammatory cytokines, and downregulation of MUC4 and AMP-related genes in IEC. MUC4 knockdown partly counteracted the effect of STAT1 overexpression, but did not affect the forced STAT1 overexpression in EPEC-infected IEC.STAT1/MUC4 pathway activation promotes AMP production to mitigate intestinal epithelium barrier injury caused by EPEC infection.
Phytoremediation of pharmaceuticals with salix exigua

Municipal treated wastewater entering rivers contain biologically active pharmaceuticals capable of inducing effects in aquatic life. Phytoremediation of three of these pharmaceuticals and an herbicide was investigated using Sandbar willow (Salix exigua) and Arabidopsis thaliana. Both plants were effective at removing compounds from solution, with removal of 86% of the synthetic estrogen, 17α-ethynylestradiol, 65% of the anti-hypertensive, diltiazem, 60% of the anti-convulsant, diazepam (Valium®), and 51% of the herbicide atrazine, in 24 hours. Distribution of compounds within roots and shoots, in soluble and bound forms, differed among compounds. Uptake and distribution of pharmaceuticals within the study plants confirmed pharmaceutical behaviour can be predicted based on a physiochemical property, their octanol-water partitioning coefficients. An effective method for detection of 17α-ethynylestradiol within surface water using solid phase extraction and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry was developed. Previously unreported breakdown of 17α-ethynylestradiol into another common estrogen, estrone, during preparative steps and gas chromatography was resolved.
Evolution of Preferences

We model, using evolutionary game theory, the implications of endogenous determination of preferences over the outcomes of any given two-player normal form game, G. We consider a large population randomly and repeatedly matched to play G. Each individual has a preference relation over the outcomes of G which may be different than the "true" payoff function in G, and makes optimal choices given her preferences. The evolution of preferences is driven by the payoffs in G that each player obtains. We define stable outcomes (of G) as arising from the stable points of the evolutionary process described above. In our most general model players know the distribution of preferences in the population and observe their opponents' preferences with probability p. They then play a (Bayesian) Nash equilibrium of the resulting game of incomplete information. In the case in which players can perfectly observe their opponents' preferences, i.e., p=1, (where the game is actually one of complete information) an outcome is stable only if it is efficient. Also, an efficient outcome which arises from a strict Nash equilibrium is stable. We also characterize, for 2×2 games, both the stable outcomes and the stable distributions of preferences in the population. When preferences are unobservable, i.e., p=0, we show that stability in our model of evolution of preferences coincides with the notion of neutrally stable strategy (NSS). Finally, we consider robustness of these results. The necessity and sufficiency results are robust to slight changes in p, except for the sufficiency of NSS when p=0: There are in fact (Pareto-inferior) risk-dominant strict equilibria that are not stable for any p>0.
Formulation and in vitro evaluation of pramipexole orally disintegrating tablets for pediatric restless leg syndrome

: In this study, orally disintegrating tablets (ODT) of pramipexole dihydrochloride monohydrate (PPX) was developed with direct compression method by using ready-to-use excipients Parteck ® ODT, Pharmaburst ® 500, Ludiflash ® , F-Melt ® , and Prosolv ® Easytab SP for pediatric restless leg syndrome (RLS). The formulated ODTs were circular in shape with a total weight of around 100 mg, which was appropriate for pediatric use. In spite of very low content of the drug, content uniformity could be obtained successfully in accordance to the pharmacopoeial specification with a satisfactory mechanical strength in terms of hardness and friability. However, formulations based on Parteck ® ODT and Ludiflash® could not achieve a disintegration time <30 s according to in vitro disintegration test, which was also supported by the simulated wetting test. The optimal ODTs based on Pharmaburst ® 500, F-Melt ® and Prosolv ® Easytab SP were further evaluated for in vitro dissolution study. A very fast release of the drug was observed with these formulations that reached a peak value in 10 min., which was superior than that of the reference conventional tablet formulation of PPX. As a result, pediatric orally disintegrating tablets of PPX were successfully formulated with Pharmaburst ® 500, F-Melt ® and Prosolv ® Easytab SP by using direct compression method with suitable characteristics, which can be further studied to use in pediatric RLS.
The Wild Probes: Towards a Collection of Hybrid Tools for Situated, Caring & Playful Co-design within the Forest

The Wild Probes (WPs) are a set of hybrid tools for designers and researchers to facilitate multi-stakeholder co-design engagements within the forest. They support situated forestry future-making by helping the participants of a co-design process pay attention to, reflect on, ideate around, and document their forestry experiences in ways that can inspire contextually grounded forest-related ideation. Here we present the design and early use of the first iteration of the WPs. The WPs extend existing tools available to designers by adapting their underlying mechanisms to the idiosyncratic character of the forest. We designed them building on recent research on the methodological underpinnings of (co-)designing for and from the forest. The WPs run on affordable, widely accessible electronics and can easily be built with basic DIY skills and equipment. We thus invite others to replicate, enhance, and repurpose them. Overall, here we contribute a first step towards creating a collection of tools to support co-design that is situated in the forest. We hope other designers will find our proposals useful and contribute to growing the collection by creating new WPs of their own.
A clinical evaluation and management of Schizophrenia: A prospective study in Tertiary Care Hospital

Background: Schizophrenia is a chronic heterogeneous syndrome of delusion, Hallucination, disorganized and bizarre thoughts, cognitive deﬁcits and impaired psychosocial functioning The objective of the study is to evaluate the Objective: eﬃcacy among antipsychotic drugs and assess the demographic details, clinical characteristics of schizophrenia. Materials and Methods: Results: A prospective observational study was conducted in a tertiary care hospital, Virudhunagar. A total of 50 patients were enrolled in the study. Out of 50, males were 28 (56%) and females were 22 (44%) Majority of the patients were in the age group of 28-38 years (50%) followed by 18-28 years (50%), 38-48 (6%) and 48-60 years (4%). In this study SES (socio economic scale) was classiﬁed according to modiﬁed kuppuswamy scale 2019 and the majority of patients were from Upper lower (32%) followed by Upper middle (28%), Lower middle (28%) and lower (12%). Most number of patients were admitted with complaints of both positive (hallucinations and delusions) and negative (ﬂat eﬀect and alogia) (60%) and followed by positive (16%), positive and cognitive (12%), positive, negative and cognitive (12%). Risperidone was most prescribed drug followed by combined drugs of THP and diazepam (66%) Risperidone reduce positive and negative symptoms compared to other Psychotic drugs. Olanzapine reduce the General Psychopathology symptoms compared to other psychotic drugs and shows statistically diﬀerence between the baseline and discharge time that was conﬁrmed by using PANSS. Risperidone reduce both positive and negative symptoms compared to other antipsychotics and Conclusion: improves the patient's quality of life.
Towards Photometric Stereo for Underwater Robots

—This paper discusses a photometric stereo framework to enable real-time scene 3D reconstruction of underwater structures with a non-stationary small low-cost underwater robot equipped with a monocular camera and ﬁxed intensity-controllable lights. Previous approaches for underwater photometric stereo provided accurate scene reconstruction results, assuming that the robot is stationary at the bottom. This assumption limits the structures that can be reconstructed. In addition, lights are assumed to be either on or off and set at relatively large distances to the camera. To achieve photometric stereo on a small low-cost robot, such as the BlueROV2, there are two fundamental questions that we explore in this paper: 1) the use of images consisting light intensity changes, so that changes in light position are not necessary; 2) the relaxation of the camera/robot stationary assumption. After deﬁning the photometric stereo model, we experimentally show that changes in light intensity result in saturated areas on the object, providing constraints to solve the photometric stereo problem. In addition, we discuss the use of binary features, such as ORB, to estimate small motion and incorporate the estimations in the photometric stereo objective function. The photometric stereo framework and insights discussed in this paper are the foundation for the full implementation of the photometric stereo model on a low-cost robot, which will then be used within an active perception pipeline to let the robot explore a structure and capture high-quality data.
Education spending, economic development, and the size of government

We examine the association between economic development and two measures of public spending on education: the “national effort” (public spending on education as a proportion of GDP) and “budget share” (public spending on education as a proportion of total government spending). Using panel data for a large sample of countries from 1989 to 2015, we compare mean levels of national effort and budget share measures for economically and politically distinct groups of countries. We find that economically more developed (richer) countries are character - ised by a higher national effort and a lower budget share than less economically developed countries. This implies that richer countries, on average, have larger public sectors than poorer countries, consistent with Wagner’s law and Baumol’s “cost disease” hypothesis.
How Safety Culture Surveys Influence the Quality and Safety of Healthcare Organisations

Objectives Safety culture surveys have been widely used in healthcare for more than two decades predominantly as a tool for measuring the level of safety culture (as defined as the beliefs and attitudes that staff express about how their organisation ought to work and how it does in fact work). However, there is the potential for the survey process itself to influence the safety culture and working practices in departments and organisations. The objective of this study was to identify the mechanism by which these changes might occur. Design, setting and participants Mixed methods combining qualitative semi-structured interviews and quantitative scores from patient safety surveys. This evaluation was conducted across general practice, community and acute hospitals in two NHS regions in England; South West and Greater Manchester. The study was undertaken between 2015 and 2018 during the implementation of a series of Patient Safety Collaboratives. Safety, Communication, Operational Reliability, and Engagement (SCORE) surveys were administered in 15 units, followed by a staff debriefing and a second SCORE survey. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with clinicians (n=61). Results from the first and second surveys were compared in order to test for differences in responses. Sixty-one semi-structured interviews were conducted across participating units and thematically analysed. Analysis and results Results from the first and second surveys were compared using chi-squared and Fisher’s exact tests. Sixty-one semi-structured interviews were conducted across participating units and thematically analysed. There was little change in responses between the first and second SCORE surveys. Within general practice there was some improvement in responses in three survey domains; however, these differences were not conclusive. The qualitative interview data demonstrated a beneficial effect on safety culture. Staff stated that the survey debriefings created a new safe space where problems could be discussed and improvement plans created. Conclusions Safety culture surveys can improve safety culture within departments if they are followed by a process that includes debriefing the staff and working with them to develop improvement plans.
Estimation of a cover-type change matrix from error-prone data

Coregistration and classification errors seriously compromise per-pixel estimates of land cover change. A more robust estimation of change is proposed in which adjacent pixels are grouped into 3x3 clusters and treated as a unit of observation. A complete change matrix is recovered in a two-step process. The diagonal elements of a change matrix are recovered from estimates of the temporal correlations of cover-type frequencies and an estimate of the odds-ratio of no change. Off-diagonal elements are recovered from least-squares solutions to a set of constrained linear equations. The proposed method produced less biased estimates on three of five sites when the average coregistration error was in excess of 0.3 to 0.7 pixels and on four of five sites if classification accuracy is below 0.9.
EFFICIENCY OF OZONE PRODUCTION IN THE HOUSTON PLUME.

Ozone levels observed during a field campaign in Houston were significantly higher than that observed in Phoenix or Philadelphia. An examination of the slope of O{sub x} versus NO{sub z} in the urban plumes shows that NO{sub x} is used 2 to 3 times more efficiently in Houston as compared with Phoenix and Philadelphia. Representative values of OPEx are 7-12, 3, and 4, in Houston, Phoenix, and Philadelphia. Aircraft observations have been used to calculate P(O{sub 3})/P(NO{sub z}). Values in Houston are significantly higher than in Phoenix and Philadelphia. We show that P(O{sub 3})/P(NO{sub z}) is proportional to a VOC/NO{sub 2}-OH reactivity ratio. High values of P(O{sub 3})/P(NO{sub z}) in Houston are due to emissions of reactive olefins from the ship channel region. It is significant that high values of P(O{sub 3})/P(NO{sub z}) occur at NO{sub x} levels up to several 10's of ppb. Not only is the chemistry efficient but it will be long lasting. The occurrence of high NO{sub x} and high OPEx is fostered by the co-location of VOC and NO{sub x} sources in the Houston industrial areas.
On algebraic and uniqueness properties of 3d harmonic quaternion fields

Let $\Omega$ be a smooth compact oriented 3-dimensional Riemannian manifold with boundary. A quaternion field is a pair $q=\{\alpha,u\}$ of a function $\alpha$ and a vector field $u$ on $\Omega$. A field $q$ is {\it harmonic} if $\alpha, u$ are continuous in $\Omega$ and $\nabla\alpha={\rm rot\,}u,\,{\rm div\,}u=0$ holds into $\Omega$. The space ${\mathscr Q}(\Omega)$ of harmonic fields is a subspace of the Banach algebra $\mathscr C\left(\Omega\right)$ of continuous quaternion fields with the point-wise multiplication $qq'=\{\alpha\alpha'-u\cdot u',\,\alpha u'+\alpha'u+u\wedge u'\}$. We prove a Stone-Weierstrass type theorem: the subalgebra $\vee{\mathscr Q}(\Omega)$ generated by harmonic fields is dense in $\mathscr C\left(\Omega\right)$. Some results on 2-jets of harmonic functions and the uniqueness sets of harmonic fields are provided.