Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Stellar Populations in Local Star‐forming Galaxies

We present the integrated properties of the stellar populations in the Universidad Complutense de Madrid (UCM) Survey galaxies. Based on the extensive dataset available for the sample -which comprises a great deal of observations, both photometric and spectroscopic-, we have derived ages, burst masses and metallicities of the newly-formed stars in our sample galaxies. The population of young stars is responsible for the Ha emission used to detect the objects in the UCM Survey. We also infer total stellar masses and star formation rates in a consistent way taking into account the evolutionary history of each galaxy. We find that an average UCM galaxy has a total stellar mass of ~ 1010M⊙, of which about 5% has been formed in an instantaneous burst occurred about 5 Myr ago, and sub-solar metallicity. Less than 10% of the sample shows massive starbursts involving more than half of the total mass of the galaxy. Several correlations are found among the derived properties. The burst strength is correlated with the extinction and with the integrated optical colours for galaxies with low obscuration. The current star formation rate is correlated with the gas content. A stellar mass-metallicity relation is also found. Our analysis indicates that the UCM Survey galaxies span a broad range in properties between those of galaxies completely dominated by current/recent star formation and those of normal quiescent spirals. We also find evidence indicating that star-formation in the local universe is dominated by galaxies considerably less massive than L*.
Assessing the importance of interspecific interactions in the evolution of microbial communities

Abstract Interspecific interactions play an important role in the establishment of a community phenotype. Furthermore, the evolution of a community can both occur through an independent evolution of the species composing the community and the interactions among them. In this study, we investigated how important the evolution of interspecific interactions was in the evolutionary response of eight two‐bacterial species communities regarding productivity. We found evidence for an evolution of the interactions in half of the studied communities, which gave rise to a mean change of 15% in community productivity as compared to what was expected from the individual responses. Even when the interactions did not evolve themselves, they influenced the evolutionary responses of the bacterial strains within the communities, which further affected community response. We found that evolution within a community often promoted the adaptation of the bacterial strains to the abiotic environment, especially for the dominant strain in a community. Overall, this study suggested that the evolution of the interspecific interactions was frequent and that it could increase community response to evolution.
Integration of Geometry and Analysis for Vehicle System Applications: Continuum-Based Leaf Spring and Tire Assembly

The development of new and complex vehicle models using the absolute nodal coordinate formulation (ANCF) and multibody systems (MBS) algorithms is discussed in this paper. It is shown how a continuum-based finite element (FE) leaf spring and tire assembly can be developed at a preprocessing stage and integrated with MBS algorithms, allowing for the elimination of dependent variables before the start of the dynamic simulations. Leaf springs, which are important elements in the suspension system of large vehicles, are discretized using ANCF FEs and are integrated with ANCF tire meshes to develop new models with significant details. To this end, the concept of the ANCF reference node (ANCF-RN) is used in order to systematically assemble the vehicle model using linear algebraic constraint equations that can be applied at a preprocessing stage. These algebraic constraint equations define new FE connectivity conditions that include the leaf spring shackle/chassis assembly, tire flexible tread/rigid rim assembly, tire/axle assembly, and revolute joints between different vehicle components. The approach presented in this paper allows for using both gradient deficient and fully parameterized ANCF FEs to develop the new models. In order to develop accurate leaf spring models, the prestress of the leaves and the contact forces between leaves are taken into consideration in the ANCF models developed in this investigation. Numerical results are presented in order to demonstrate the use of the computational framework described in this paper to build continuum-based leaf spring/tire assembly that can be integrated with complex vehicle models. The results of this paper also demonstrate the feasibility of developing a CAD (computer-aided design)/analysis system in which the geometry and analysis mesh of a complete vehicle can be developed in one step, thereby avoiding the incompatibility and costly process of using different codes in the flexible MBS analysis.
Detectability of departures from the inflationary consistency equation

We study the detectability, given CMB polarization maps, of departures from the inflationary consistency equation, r \equiv T/S \simeq -5 n_T, where T and S are the tensor and scalar contributions to the quadrupole variance, respectively. The consistency equation holds if inflation is driven by a slowly-rolling scalar field. Departures can be caused by: 1) higher-order terms in the expansion in slow-roll parameters, 2) quantum loop corrections or 3) multiple fields. Higher-order corrections in the first two slow-roll parameters are undetectably small. Loop corrections are detectable if they are nearly maximal and r \ga 0.1. Large departures (|\Delta n_T| \ga 0.1) can be seen if r \ga 0.001. High angular resolution can be important for detecting non-zero r+5n_T, even when not important for detecting non-zero r.
Tongue-Jaw Movement Recognition Through Acoustic Sensing on Smartphones

Past tongue-jaw movement interaction systems typically require dedicated hardware and are uncomfortable to use, limiting their scalability and generalizability. This paper introduces CanalScan, the first system that recognizes tongue-jaw movements using commodity speakers and microphones mounted on ubiquitous off-the-shelf devices (e.g., smartphones). What inspires us is that tongue-jaw movements always cause ear canal deformations, and we find that for different tongue-jaw movements, dynamic features of ear canal deformations present unique patterns on acoustic reflections in the ear canal. Specifically, CanalScan first sends an acoustic signal to the ear canal, then parses the reflection signals for tongue-jaw movements recognition. To eliminate the impacts of body movements, we develop a body movement noise filtering method and a dynamic segmentation method to identify and separate the tongue-jaw movements-associated ear canal deformations from other types of body movements. We further propose a sensor position detection method and a data transformation mechanism to reduce the impacts of diversities in-ear canal shapes and relative positions between sensors and the ear canal. CanalScan explores twelve unique and consistent features and applies a random forest classifier to distinguish tongue-jaw movements. Extensive experiments with twenty participants validate the generalizability, effectiveness, robustness, and high accuracy of CanalScan.
The Minimum Description Length Principle (Adaptive Computation and Machine Learning)

The minimum description length (MDL) principle is a powerful method of inductive inference, the basis of statistical modeling, pattern recognition, and machine learning. It holds that the best explanation, given a limited set of observed data, is the one that permits the greatest compression of the data. MDL methods are particularly well-suited for dealing with model selection, prediction, and estimation problems in situations where the models under consideration can be arbitrarily complex, and overfitting the data is a serious concern. This extensive, step-by-step introduction to the MDL Principle provides a comprehensive reference (with an emphasis on conceptual issues) that is accessible to graduate students and researchers in statistics, pattern classification, machine learning, and data mining, to philosophers interested in the foundations of statistics, and to researchers in other applied sciences that involve model selection, including biology, econometrics, and experimental psychology. Part I provides a basic introduction to MDL and an overview of the concepts in statistics and information theory needed to understand MDL. Part II treats universal coding, the information-theoretic notion on which MDL is built, and part III gives a formal treatment of MDL theory as a theory of inductive inference based on universal coding. Part IV provides a comprehensive overview of the statistical theory of exponential families with an emphasis on their information-theoretic properties. The text includes a number of summaries, paragraphs offering the reader a "fast track" through the material, and boxes highlighting the most important concepts.
Maps for currents and anomalies in noncommutative gauge theories

We derive maps relating currents and their divergences in non-Abelian U(N) noncommutative gauge theory with the corresponding expressions in the ordinary (commutative) description. For the U(1) theory, in the slowly-varying-field approximation, these maps are also seen to connect the star-gauge-covariant anomaly in the noncommutative theory with the standard Adler-Bell-Jackiw anomaly in the commutative version. For arbitrary fields, derivative corrections to the maps are explicitly computed up to O({theta}{sup 2})
LRF-WiVi: A WiFi and Visual Indoor Localization Method Based on Low-Rank Fusion

In this paper, a WiFi and visual fingerprint localization model based on low-rank fusion (LRF-WiVi) is proposed, which makes full use of the complementarity of heterogeneous signals by modeling both the signal-specific actions and interaction of location information in the two signals end-to-end. Firstly, two feature extraction subnetworks are designed to extract the feature vectors containing location information of WiFi channel state information (CSI) and multi-directional visual images respectively. Then, the low-rank fusion module efficiently aggregates the specific actions and interactions of the two feature vectors while maintaining low computational complexity. The fusion features obtained are used for position estimation; In addition, for the CSI feature extraction subnetwork, we designed a novel construction method of CSI time-frequency characteristic map and a double-branch CNN structure to extract features. LRF-WiVi jointly learns the parameters of each module under the guidance of the same loss function, making the whole model more consistent with the goal of fusion localization. Extensive experiments are conducted in a complex laboratory and an open hall to verify the superior performance of LRF-WiVi in utilizing WiFi and visual signal complementarity. The results show that our method achieves more advanced positioning performance than other methods in both scenarios.
The Ionized Gas and Nuclear Environment in NGC 3783. IV. Variability and Modeling of the 900 Kilosecond Chandra Spectrum

We present a detailed spectral analysis of the data obtained from NGC 3783 during the period 2000-2001 using Chandra. The data were split in various ways to look for time- and luminosity-dependent spectral variations. This analysis, along with the measured equivalent widths of a large number of X-ray lines and photoionization calculations, lead us to the following results and conclusions. (1) NGC 3783 fluctuated in luminosity by a factor of ~1.5 during individual observations (most of which were of 170 ks duration). These fluctuations were not associated with significant spectral variations. (2) On a longer timescale (20-120 days), we found the source to exhibit two very different spectral shapes. The main difference between these can be well-described by the appearance (in the "high state") and disappearance (in the "low state") of a spectral component that dominates the underlying continuum at the longest wavelengths. Contrary to the case in other objects, the spectral variations are not related to the brightening or the fading of the continuum at short wavelengths in any simple way. NGC 3783 seems to be the first active galactic nucleus (AGN) to show this unusual behavior. (3) The appearance of the soft continuum component is consistent with being the only spectral variation, and there is no need to invoke changes in the opacity of the absorbers lying along the line of sight. Indeed, we find that all the absorption lines that can be reliably measured have the same equivalent widths (within the observational uncertainties) during high and low states. (4) Photoionization modeling indicates that a combination of three ionized absorbers, each split into two kinematic components, can explain the strengths of almost all the absorption lines and bound-free edges. These three components span a large range of ionization and have total column of about 4 × 1022 cm-2. Moreover, all three components are thermally stable and seem to have the same gas pressure. Thus, all three may coexist in the same volume of space. This is the first detection of such a multicomponent, equilibrium gas in an AGN. (5) The only real discrepancy between our model and the observations concerns the range of wavelengths absorbed by the iron M-shell UTA feature. This most likely arises as the result of our underestimation of the poorly known dielectronic recombination rates appropriate for these ions. We also note a small discrepancy in the calculated column density of O VI and discuss its possible origin. (6) The lower limit on the distance of the absorbing gas in NGC 3783 is between 0.2 and 3.2 pc, depending on the component of ionized gas considered. The assumption of pressure equilibrium imposes an upper limit of about 25 pc on the distance of the least-ionized component from the central source.
Surprising behaviour during dissipation and collision of flexural waves in carbon nanotubes

The manuscript reports on simulations of the intrinsic dissipation of standing and travelling flexural vibrations in carbon nanotubes. It is found that extended travelling and standing waves exhibit anomalous dissipation, during which the excited modes experience massive damping that is triggered by the accumulation of energy in special gateway modes. In the second part of this work the attenuation of travelling flexural wave packets is examined—including the collisions between wave packets. Surprisingly, these wave packets show markedly different dissipation behaviour from extended waves with the same wavelength and amplitude. Moreover, the wave packet collisions are seen to be sensitive to the direction of collision, hinting at temperature gradient induced reduction of the thermal conductivity. Following the cascade of energy as it dissipates it is seen that scattering of energy into other flexural modes has little effect on the net energy flux, while dissipation into non-flexural modes is thermally resistive.
Magnetic properties of α-iron(II) phthalocyanine

We report on the magnetic properties of the supramolecular compound iron(II) phthalocyanine in its $\ensuremath{\alpha}$ form. dc- and ac-susceptometry measurements and M\"ossbauer experiments show that the iron atoms are strongly magnetically coupled into ferromagnetic Ising chains with very weak antiferromagnetic interchain coupling. The transition to three-dimensional (3D) magnetic ordering below 10 K is hindered by the presence of impurities or other defects, by which the domain-wall arrangements along individual chains become gradually blocked/frozen, leading to a disordered 3D distribution of ferromagnetic chain segments. Below 5 K, field-cooled and zero-field-cooled magnetization measurements show strong irreversible behavior, attributed to pinning of the domain walls by the randomly distributed defects in combination with the interchain coupling. High-field magnetization experiments reveal a canted arrangement of the moments in adjacent ferromagnetic chains.
Equation of State of SiC at Extreme Conditions: New Insight Into the Interior of Carbon‐Rich Exoplanets

There is a direct relation between the composition of a host star and that of the planets orbiting around it. As such, the recent discovery of stars with unusual chemical composition, notably enriched in carbon instead of oxygen, supports the existence of exoplanets with a chemistry dominated by carbides instead of oxides. Accordingly, several studies have been recently conducted on the Si–C binary system at high pressure and temperature. Nonetheless, the properties of carbides at the pressure‐temperature conditions of exoplanets interiors are still inadequately constrained, effectively hampering reliable planetary modeling. Here we present an in situ X‐ray diffraction study of the Si–C binary system up to 200 GPa and 3,500 K, significantly enlarging the pressure range explored by previous experimental studies. The large amount of collected data allows us to properly investigate the phase diagram and to refine the Clapeyron slope of the transition line from the zinc blende to the rock salt structure. Furthermore, the pressure‐volume‐temperature equation of state is provided for the high‐pressure phase, characterized by low compressibility and thermal expansion. Our results are used to model idealized C‐rich exoplanets of end‐members composition. In particular, we derived mass‐radius relations and performed numerical simulations defining rheological parameters and initial conditions which lead to onset of convection in such SiC planets. We demonstrate that if restrained to silicate‐rich mantle compositions, the interpretation of mass‐radius relations may underestimate the interior diversity of exoplanets.
Markov-modulated linear fluid networks with Markov additive input

We consider a network of dams to which the external input is a multivariate Markov additive process. For each state of the Markov chain modulating the Markov additive process, the release rates are linear (constant multiple of the content level). Each unit of material processed by a given station is then divided into fixed proportions each of which is routed to another station or leaves the system. For each state of the modulating process, this routeing is determined by some substochastic matrix. We identify simple conditions for stability and show how to compute transient and stationary characteristics of such networks.
Noncommutative geometry and the Higgs boson masses

In spite of its observational successes, the standard model of electroweak interactions cannot yet be considered as a fundamental theory because the scalar boson sector, unlike the gauge sector involving the fermions and the gauge bosons, has to be written down in an ad hoc way and not by gauge principles. Furthermore, the unavoidable Higgs scalar has not been observed and there is no way to predict its mass. In this connection a remarkable attempt at unifying gauge fields and Higgs scalars was suggested by A. Connes [1], making use of the tools of non-commutative differential geometry. The formalism involves three steps: First, a spectral triplet (D, H, A) is introduced, consisting of the (generalized) Dirac operator D that acts on a Hilbert space of states H, together with an associative C ∗ algebra A also acting on H. Next, A is related with the algebra of complex valued functions on space-time in the commutative case, whereas in more complicated settings in which the gauge groups are non-Abelian, A has to be replaced by the tensor product A = C ∞ (V ) ⊗ Mn with an appropriate matrix algebra. Finally, the construction of Yang-Mills Lagrangian is done by replacing the Dixmier trace instead of integration. Within the above scheme, a generalization of the standard electroweak model in non-commutative geometry can be given as a gauge theory with a built in spontaneous symmetry breakdown mechanism. This way, it is not only the Higgs sector that arises naturally, but also the correct hypercharge assignments acquire a natural meaning. The earliest model along these lines is due to Connes and Lott [2]. Several other attempts followed since then [3] , [4], [5]. Here we wish to re-examine the Higgs masses in a model proposed by
Lack of evidence for a fine‐scale magnetic map sense for fall migratory Eastern North American monarch butterflies (Danaus plexippus)

Abstract How first‐time animal migrants find specific destinations remains an intriguing ecological question. Migratory marine species use geomagnetic map cues acquired as juveniles to aide long‐distance migration, but less is known for long‐distance migrants in other taxa. We test the hypothesis that naïve Eastern North American fall migratory monarch butterflies (Danaus plexippus), a species that possesses a magnetic sense, locate their overwintering sites in Central Mexico using inherited geomagnetic map cues. We examined whether overwintering locations and the abundance of monarchs changed with the natural shift of Earth's magnetic field from 2004 to 2018. We found that migratory monarchs continued to overwinter at established sites in similar abundance despite significant shifts in the geomagnetic field, which is inconsistent with monarchs using fine‐scale geomagnetic map cues to find overwintering sites. It is more likely that monarchs use geomagnetic cues to assess migratory direction rather than location and use other cues to locate overwintering sites.
CRITICAL BEHAVIOR OF THE TWO-DIMENSIONAL ISING MODEL IN A TRANSVERSE FIELD: A DENSITY-MATRIX RENORMALIZATION CALCULATION

We have adjusted the Density Matrix Renormalization method to handle two dimensional systems of limited width. The key ingredient for this extension is the incorporation of symmetries in the method. The advantage of our approach is that we can force certain symmetry properties to the resulting ground state wave function. Combining the results obtained for system sizes up-to $30 \times 6$ and finite size scaling, we derive the phase transition point and the critical exponent for the gap in the Ising model in a Transverse Field on a two dimensional square lattice.
Developments on the Smart Hydrogel-Based Drug Delivery System for Oral Tumor Therapy

At present, an oral tumor is usually treated by surgery combined with preoperative or postoperative radiotherapies and chemotherapies. However, traditional chemotherapies frequently result in substantial toxic side effects, including bone marrow suppression, malfunction of the liver and kidneys, and neurotoxicity. As a new local drug delivery system, the smart drug delivery system based on hydrogel can control drug release in time and space, and effectively alleviate or avoid these problems. Environmentally responsive hydrogels for smart drug delivery could be triggered by temperature, photoelectricity, enzyme, and pH. An overview of the most recent research on smart hydrogels and their controlled-release drug delivery systems for the treatment of oral cancer is given in this review. It is anticipated that the local drug release method and environment-responsive benefits of smart hydrogels will offer a novel technique for the low-toxicity and highly effective treatment of oral malignancy.