Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Shoulder Pain In Chronic Spinal Cord Injury, Part 1: Epidemiology, Etiology, And Pathomechanics

Abstract Study Design: Review of the literature. Background/Objective: Shoulder pain is extremely common in individuals with chronic spinal cord injury (SCI) and is a source of morbidity and fundianal loss. The purpose of this review is to outline the present knowledge of the epidemiology, etiology, and pathomechanics of musculoskeletal shoulder pain inindividuals with chronic SCI. Methods: Review of the Iiterature using PubMed/ MEDLINE, EMBASE, and bibliographies of selected articles. Results: Shoulder pain is more common in individuals with tetraplegia and complete injuries and may occur more frequently in women. Musculoskeletal conditions, primarily injuries to the rotator cuff, are most common. Risk factors include the duration of injury, older age, higher body mass index, the use of a manual wheelchair, poor seated posture, decreased flexibility, and muscle imbalances in the rotator cuff and scapular stabilizing muscles. Conclusion: With a better understanding of the epidemiology, etiology, and basic pathomechanics of shoulder pain in SCI, physicians are in a better position to evaluate, treat, and prevent these disorders.
Final Project-Social and Information Network Analysis Factors and Variables Affecting Social Media Reviews

Secondary Issue: Does the Pareto Principle (the 80-20 rule) hold true? In case of the reputation system based sites, our intuition is that the Pareto Principle holds true as a reflection of preferential attachment. The top 20% of the influencers could well exert influence over 80% of the network. A top influencer is typically an key part of a super connected cluster. A union of several super connected clusters will cover a substantial majority of the network. An analysis of the union of several influencers and the extent of their influence will reveal the applicability of the Pareto Principle.
Micromechanical failure in fiber-reinforced composites

Micromechanical failure mechanisms occurring in unidirectional fiber-reinforced composites are studied by means of the finite element method as well as experimental testing. This study highlights the effect of micro-scale features such as fiber/matrix interfacial debonding, matrix cracking and microvoids on the microscopic and macroscopic mechanical response of composite materials. To this end, first a numerical study is carried out to explore ways to stabilize interfacial crack growth under dominant Mode-I fracture using the cohesive zone model. Consequently, this study suggests a method to determine the normal interfacial properties. Afterward, two different numerical approaches (I) the regular fiber distribution approach and (II) the random fiber distribution strategy are established to evaluate the effect of the microscale features on the overall stress-strain response of unidirectional composites. In the first approach, the J2 plasticity model is implemented to model the elasto-plastic behavior of the matrix while in the second strategy the modified Drucker-Prager plasticity model is utilized to account for brittle-like and pressure dependent behavior of an epoxy matrix. In addition, the failure locus of the composite lamina under different loading conditions is obtained by means of computational micromechanics and compared with the predictions of Puck’s model. The results are in very good agreement with the predictions of Puck’s model under different interfiber failure modes. In order to validate the numerical microstructral approach accurately, an experimental test was carried out to be compared with the numerical results. It was found that the micromechanical model could accurately predict the crack initiation emanating from microvoids as well as crack propagation along the interfaces. The results of this thesis show that the strength of composite is significantly reduced by weak interfacial properties and the presence of voids. The size and shape of microvoids can also microscopically lead to different crack paths. Finally, the present numerical strategy seems to be a promising tool to predict the macroscopic and microscopic mechanical response of composites.
Role of the Hoggar massif in the West African monsoon onset

It has been observed that the West African monsoon onset is concomitant with the enhancement of the Saharan heat low. We show through a combined diagnostic and linear modeling study a possible interaction between northern Africa orography and the deepening of the Saharan heat low at the time of the monsoon onset. The amplification of an anticyclonic circulation above and north of the Hoggar massif leads to an increase and a southeasterly‐northeasterly rotation of the wind ahead of the Hoggar which contribute to an increased leeward‐trough effect enhancing the Saharan heat low. The Atlas does not play any role during the monsoon onset but contributes to the mean climatological location of the Saharan heat low.
Was Darwin Wrong About Emotional Expressions?

Emotional expressions have endured as a topic of profound scientific interest for over a century, in part due to Darwin’s classic volume, The Expression of Emotions in Man and Animals. Since its publication, there has been a strong, spirited debate over the origin, nature, and function of emotional expressions. In this article, I consider two basic questions: What did Darwin really write about emotional expressions, and how well does his account match the modern, conventional, “basic emotion” account? And does the scientific evidence specifically support the modern account of Darwin’s view, or are there alternative hypotheses that provide good (or even better) interpretations for the data at hand? I discuss the various ways that Darwin might be correct (and incorrect) about how emotions and their manifestations have been sculpted by natural selection.
Mouse inbred strain differences in ethanol drinking to intoxication

Recently, we described a simple procedure, Drinking in the Dark (DID), in which C57BL/6J mice self‐administer ethanol to a blood ethanol concentration (BEC) above 1 mg/ml. The test consists of replacing the water with 20% ethanol in the home cage for 4 h early during the dark phase of the light/dark cycle. Three experiments were conducted to explore this high ethanol drinking model further. In experiment 1, a microanalysis of C57BL/6J behavior showed that the pattern of ethanol drinking was different from routine water intake. In experiment 2, drinking impaired performance of C57BL/6J on the accelerating rotarod and balance beam. In experiment 3, 12 inbred strains were screened to estimate genetic influences on DID and correlations with other traits. Large, reliable differences in intake and BEC were detected among the strains, with C57BL/6J showing the highest values. Strain means were positively correlated with intake and BEC in the standard (24 h) and a limited (4 h) two‐bottle ethanol vs. water test, but BECs reached higher levels for DID. Strain mean correlations with other traits in the Mouse Phenome Project database supported previously reported genetic relationships of high ethanol drinking with low chronic ethanol withdrawal severity and low ethanol‐conditioned taste aversion. We extend these findings by showing that the correlation estimates remain relatively unchanged even after correcting for phylogenetic relatedness among the strains, thus relaxing the assumption that the strain means are statistically independent. We discuss applications of the model for finding genes that predispose pharmacologically significant drinking in mice.
Multithreading in Java: Performance and Scalability on Multicore Systems

The performance and scalability issues of multithreaded Java programs on multicore systems are studied in this paper. First, we examine the performance scaling of benchmarks with various numbers of processor cores and application threads. Second, by correlating low-level hardware performance data to JVM threads and system components, the detail analyses of performance and scalability are presented, such as the hardware stall events and memory system latencies. Third, the usages of memory resource are detailed to observe the potential bottlenecks. Finally, the JVM tuning techniques are proposed to alleviate the bottlenecks, and improve the performance and scalability. Several key findings are revealed through this study. First, the lock contentions usually lead to a strong limitation of scalability. Second, in terms of memory access latencies, the most of memory stalls are produced by L2 cache misses and cache-to-cache transfers. Finally, the overhead of minor garbage collections could be an important factor of throughput reductions. Based on these findings, the appropriate Java Virtual Machine (JVM) tuning techniques are examined in this study. We observe that the use of a parallel garbage collector and an appropriate ratio of young to old generation can alleviate the overhead of minor collection and improve the efficiency of garbage collections. Moreover, the cache utilizations could be enhanced with the use of thread-local allocation buffer, and then leads to the performance improvements significantly.
Sub-vector Extraction and Cascade Post-Processing for Speaker Verification Using MLLR Super-vectors

In this paper, we propose a speaker-verification system based on maximum likelihood linear regression (MLLR) super-vectors, for which speakers are characterized by m-vectors. These vectors are obtained by a uniform segmentation of the speaker MLLR super-vector using an overlapped sliding window. We consider three approaches for MLLR transformation, based on the conventional $1$-best automatic transcription, on the lattice word transcription, or on a simple global universal background model (UBM). Session variability compensation is performed in a post-processing module with probabilistic linear discriminant analysis (PLDA) or the eigen factor radial (EFR). Alternatively, we propose a cascade post-processing for the MLLR super-vector based speaker-verification system. In this case, the m-vectors or MLLR super-vectors are first projected onto a lower-dimensional vector space generated by linear discriminant analysis (LDA). Next, PLDA session variability compensation and scoring is applied to the reduced-dimensional vectors. This approach combines the advantages of both techniques and makes the estimation of PLDA parameters easier. Experimental results on telephone conversations of the NIST 2008 and 2010 speaker recognition evaluation (SRE) indicate that the proposed m-vector system performs significantly better than the conventional system based on the full MLLR super-vectors. Cascade post-processing further reduces the error rate in all cases. Finally, we present the results of fusion with a standard i-vector system in the feature, as well as in the score domain, demonstrating that the m-vector system is both competitive and complementary with it.
Efficient Task Collaboration with Execution Uncertainty

We study a general task allocation problem, involving multiple agents that collaboratively accomplish tasks and where agents may fail to successfully complete the tasks assigned to them (known as execution uncertainty). The goal is to choose an allocation that maximises social welfare while taking their execution uncertainty into account. We show that this can be achieved by using the post-execution verification (PEV)-based mechanism if and only if agents' valuations satisfy a multilinearity condition. We then consider a more complex setting where an agent's execution uncertainty is not completely predictable by the agent alone but aggregated from all agents' private opinions (known as trust). We show that PEV-based mechanism with trust is still truthfully implementable if and only if the trust aggregation is multilinear.
Variables as Resource in Hoare Logics

Hoare logic is bedevilled by complex but coarse side conditions on the use of variables. We define a logic, free of side conditions, which permits more precise statements of a program's use of variables. We show that it admits translations of proofs in Hoare logic, thereby showing that nothing is lost, and also that it admits proofs of some programs outside the scope of Hoare logic. We include a treatment of reference parameters and global variables in procedure call (though not of parameter aliasing). Our work draws on ideas from separation logic: program variables are treated as resource rather than as logical variables in disguise. For clarity we exclude a treatment of the heap
Analysis of the electro-orientation of inorganic micro/nano-particles in a liquid polymer considering electrophoresis flow

A field-induced manufacturing method to control the orientation of particles or microsize fillers in a polymer in its liquid state has been developed for fabricating micro-tailored composites. This technology is able to locally manipulate the orientation, and manufacture various structures of inclusions in a polymeric matrix. In this process, electrokinetic phenomena, such as dielectrophoresis, dipole–dipole interactions and electrophoresis, influence the orientation and redistribution of the particles. Of these phenomena, electrophoresis plays an important role in orienting non-spherical particles in a continuous phase. To analyze the effect of electrophoresis, the orientation of glass fibers in a liquid epoxy under an electric field was experimentally observed for the epoxy's viscosities and applied field strengths, and a torque balance was suggested considering instability flow caused by the electrophoretic force. Comparisons of experimental data with theoretical predictions indicated that the proposed model could provide a more accurate prediction than that of a conventional model.
Kompleks Polielektrolit Kitosan-Xanthan sebagai Matriks Sediaan Mukoadhesif

Sediaan mukoadhesif merupakan bentuk sediaan farmasi dengan waktu tinggal di lambung yang lebih panjang sehingga dapat meningkatkan bioavalilabilitas obat. Untuk membuat sediaan mukoadhesif ini diperlukan eksipien yang dapat menempel pada mukosa lambung dan memiliki daya mengembang yang sesuai untuk mengatur pelepasan obat dari sediaan. Berdasarkan studi pendahuluan diketahui bahwa kompleks polielektrolit kitosan-xanthan dengan perbandingan 1:1 memiliki daya mengembang yang sesuai untuk dikembangkan sebagai sediaan mukoadhesif. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk meneliti kemampuan eksipien kompleks polielektrolit kitosan-gum xanthan (KPKX) sebagai matriks sediaan granul mukoadhesif tertahan di lambung. Pada penelitian ini KPKX 1:1 digunakan sebagai matriks pada granul mukoadhesif dengan perbandingan obat dengan KPKX (1:1, 1:2, dan 1:3), dengan diltiazem HCl sebagai model obat. Granul dibuat dengan metode granulasi basah, kemudian diuji kemampuan menempel secara in vitro, serta profil pelepasan obatnya. Hasil evaluasi menunjukkan bahwa formula F2 yang mengandung diltiazem HCl dengan KPKX 1:1 mampu tetap menempel di mukosa lambung hingga 8-12 jam dan menunjukkan profil pelepasan obat yang terkendali hingga 8 jam. Dari penelitian ini dapat disimpulkan bahwa KPKX dapat merupakan eksipien yang sesuai untuk digunakan sebagai matriks mukoadhesif.
Ascorbic Acid Deficiency Activates Cell Death and Disease Resistance Responses in Arabidopsis1

Programmed cell death, developmental senescence, and responses to pathogens are linked through complex genetic controls that are influenced by redox regulation. Here we show that the Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) low vitamin C mutants, vtc1 and vtc2, which have between 10% and 25% of wild-type ascorbic acid, exhibit microlesions, express pathogenesis-related (PR) proteins, and have enhanced basal resistance against infections caused by Pseudomonas syringae. The mutants have a delayed senescence phenotype with smaller leaf cells than the wild type at maturity. The vtc leaves have more glutathione than the wild type, with higher ratios of reduced glutathione to glutathione disulfide. Expression of green fluorescence protein (GFP) fused to the nonexpressor of PR protein 1 (GFP-NPR1) was used to detect the presence of NPR1 in the nuclei of transformed plants. Fluorescence was observed in the nuclei of 6- to 8-week-old GFP-NPR1 vtc1 plants, but not in the nuclei of transformed GFP-NPR1 wild-type plants at any developmental stage. The absence of senescence-associated gene 12 (SAG12) mRNA at the time when constitutive cell death and basal resistance were detected confirms that elaboration of innate immune responses in vtc plants does not result from activation of early senescence. Moreover, H2O2-sensitive genes are not induced at the time of systemic acquired resistance execution. These results demonstrate that ascorbic acid abundance modifies the threshold for activation of plant innate defense responses via redox mechanisms that are independent of the natural senescence program.
Tactile roughness perception in the presence of olfactory and trigeminal stimulants

Previous research has shown that odorants consistently evoke associations with textures and their tactile properties like smoothness and roughness. Also, it has been observed that olfaction can modulate tactile perception. We therefore hypothesized that tactile roughness perception may be biased towards the somatosensory connotation of an ambient odorant. We performed two experiments to test this hypothesis. In the first experiment, we investigated the influence of ambient chemosensory stimuli with different roughness connotations on tactile roughness perception. In addition to a pleasant odor with a connotation of softness (PEA), we also included a trigeminal stimulant with a rough, sharp or prickly connotation (Ethanol). We expected that—compared to a No-odorant control condition—tactile texture perception would be biased towards smoothness in the presence of PEA and towards roughness in the presence of Ethanol. However, our results show no significant interaction between chemosensory stimulation and perceived tactile surface roughness. It could be argued that ambient odors may be less effective in stimulating crossmodal associations, since they are by definition extraneous to the tactile stimuli. In an attempt to optimize the conditions for sensory integration, we therefore performed a second experiment in which the olfactory and tactile stimuli were presented in synchrony and in close spatial proximity. In addition, we included pleasant (Lemon) and unpleasant (Indole) odorants that are known to have the ability to affect tactile perception. We expected that tactile stimuli would be perceived as less rough when simultaneously presented with Lemon or PEA (both associated with softness) than when presented with Ethanol or Indole (odors that can be associated with roughness). Again, we found no significant main effect of chemosensory condition on perceived tactile roughness. We discuss the limitations of this study and we present suggestions for future research.
Agent-Based Simulation of Agricultural Prices Volatility Using Cellular Automata

This paper tries to re-explore the reasons why the prices fluctuate, in microscopic and emergent perspectives, more than expected in an agricultural market, using complex system modeling and agent-based simulation. The model mimic a real world agriculture market by establishing a price determination mechanism. Resorting to the chaotic analysis, averting from accurate price prediction, we find that, even for the simple case where farmers can only choose between two different predictors, with initial equal distribution, smaller entropy, i.e., more aggregative cultivation, usually gives rise to larger price fluctuation.
SigniTrend: scalable detection of emerging topics in textual streams by hashed significance thresholds

Social media such as Twitter or weblogs are a popular source for live textual data. Much of this popularity is due to the fast rate at which this data arrives, and there are a number of global events - such as the Arab Spring - where Twitter is reported to have had a major influence. However, existing methods for emerging topic detection are often only able to detect events of a global magnitude such as natural disasters or celebrity deaths, and can monitor user-selected keywords or operate on a curated set of hashtags only. Interesting emerging topics may, however, be of much smaller magnitude and may involve the combination of two or more words that themselves are not unusually hot at that time. Our contributions to the detection of emerging trends are three-fold first of all, we propose a significance measure that can be used to detect emerging topics early, long before they become "hot tags", by drawing upon experience from outlier detection. Secondly, by using hash tables in a heavy-hitters type algorithm for establishing a noise baseline, we show how to track even all keyword pairs using only a fixed amount of memory. Finally, we aggregate the detected co-trends into larger topics using clustering approaches, as often as a single event will cause multiple word combinations to trend at the same time.
Rare and very rare adverse effects of clozapine

Clozapine (CLZ) is the drug of choice for the treatment of resistant schizophrenia; however, its suitable use is limited by the complex adverse effects’ profile. The best-described adverse effects in the literature are represented by agranulocytosis, myocarditis, sedation, weight gain, hypotension, and drooling; nevertheless, there are other known adverse effects that psychiatrists should readily recognize and manage. This review covers the “rare” and “very rare” known adverse effects of CLZ, which have been accurately described in literature. An extensive search on the basis of predefined criteria was made using CLZ and its combination with adverse effects as keywords in electronic databases. Data show the association between the use of CLZ and uncommon adverse effects, including ischemic colitis, paralytic ileus, hematemesis, gastroesophageal reflux disease, priapism, urinary incontinence, pityriasis rosea, intertriginous erythema, pulmonary thromboembolism, pseudo-pheochromocytoma, periorbital edema, and parotitis, which are influenced by other variables including age, early diagnosis, and previous/current pharmacological therapies. Some of these adverse effects, although unpredictable, are often manageable if promptly recognized and treated. Others are serious and potentially life-threatening. However, an adequate knowledge of the drug, clinical vigilance, and rapid intervention can drastically reduce the morbidity and mortality related to CLZ treatment.
Prolonged survival of Pseudomonas cepacia in commercially manufactured povidone-iodine

Pseudomonas cepacia organisms were recently recovered from a povidone-iodine antiseptic solution. During the subsequent investigation, laboratory studies were initiated to determine the survival time of these organisms in the iodophor solution, which contains 1% titratable iodine. The solution was sampled weekly upon receipt in our laboratory, and P. cepacia was subsequently recovered through 29 weeks of sampling. Current laboratory data and lot production date information from the manufacturer indicate that P. cepacia survived for up to 68 weeks from the time of manufacture. Scanning electron microscopic examination of contaminated solution demonstrated bacterial cells embedded in extracellular material.