Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Automatic aberrations compensation for thin object in off-axis digital holographic microscopy

Digital holographic microscopy (DHM) has been widely applied for the topography measurement of microscopic specimen. A total surface fitting method based on Zernike polynomials is presented to remove aberrations in DHM, in which Zernike polynomial coefficients enable to provide quantitative measurement of primary aberrations. The phase free of aberrations is obtained by subtracting out the surface fitting result from the reconstructed phase. The method carries out the total phase aberrations compensation automatically by only one hologram, instead of knowing the physical parameters of optical setup and the aberration mathematical model in advance. The optical system of off-axis DHM is set up and the experiment results are given. Compared with the double-exposure method, the Zernike surface fitting method obtains better phase information owing to removing residual tilt aberration.
Some Theoretical and Experimental Evidence for Particularities of the Siloxane Bond

The specific features of the siloxane bond unify the compounds based on it into a class with its own chemistry and unique combinations of chemical and physical properties. An illustration of their chemical peculiarity is the behavior of 1,3-bis(2-aminoethylaminomethyl)tetramethyldisiloxane (AEAMDS) in the reaction with carbonyl compounds and metal salts, by which we obtain the metal complexes of the corresponding Schiff bases formed in situ. Depending on the reaction conditions, the fragmentation of this compound takes place at the siloxane bond, but, in most cases, it is in the organic moieties in the β position with respect to the silicon atom. The main compounds that were formed based on the moieties resulting from the splitting of this diamine were isolated and characterized from a structural point of view. Depending on the presence or not of the metal salt in the reaction mixture, these are metal complexes with organic ligands (either dangling or not dangling silanol tails), or organic compounds. Through theoretical calculations, electrons that appear in the structure of the siloxane bond in different contexts and that lead to such fragmentations have been assessed.
Effects of semiconductor surface band pinning on scanning electrostatic force microscopy

Scanning electrostatic force microscopy, along with a subset of this technique, scanning Kelvin probe microscopy, have been used to explore the materials composition and doping of semiconductor surfaces. Moreover, micromachined semiconductor probes are frequently used in SEFM, SKPM and scanning capacitance microscopy instruments in order to probe the nature of generic surfaces. Some work has been done to explore the electromechanical, and electrostatic nature of the probe- surface interaction for SEFM and SKPM. For instance, it has been demonstrated that band pinning at the semiconductor surface, caused by excessively large values of the ac voltage applied between the probe and substrate, creates a false null in an SKPM signal, masking the true nature of the surface. Recently, results of SEFM probes of semiconductor surfaces have been reported, which used large values of the ac voltage applied between the probe and the substrate. In this work, we demonstrate theoretically the effects of both large-signal behavior on the SEFM technique. We also demonstrate the effect of electric field penetration into a semiconductor surface or probe tip on the mechanical response of the probe. The results are compared to measurements, and set in the context of recent work wherein large-signal SEFM techniques are employed.
Evaluation of Chiral Organosulfur Compounds on Their Activity against the Malaria Parasite Plasmodium falciparum

Malaria is one of the deadliest tropical diseases, especially causing havoc in children under the age of five in Africa. Although the disease is treatable, the rapid development of drug resistant parasites against frontline drugs requires the search for novel antimalarials. In this study, we tested a series of organosulfur compounds from our internal library for their antiplasmodial effect against Plasmodium falciparum asexual and sexual blood stages. Some active compounds were also obtained in enantiomerically pure form and tested individually against asexual blood stages of the parasite to compare their activity. Out of the 23 tested compounds, 7 compounds (1, 2, 5, 9, 15, 16, and 17) exhibited high antimalarial activity, with IC50 values in the range from 2.2 ± 0.64 to 5.2 ± 1.95 µM, while the other compounds showed moderate to very low activity. The most active compounds also exhibited high activity against the chloroquine-resistant strain, reduced gametocyte development and were not toxic to non-infected red blood cells and Hela cells, as well as the hematopoietic HEL cell line at concentrations below 50 µM. To determine if the enantiomers of the active compounds display different antimalarial activity, enantiomers of two of the active compounds were separated and their antimalarial activity compared. The results show a higher activity of the (–) enantiomers as compared to their (+) counterparts. Our combined data indicate that organosulfur compounds could be exploited as antimalarial drugs and enantiomers of the active compounds may represent a good starting point for the design of novel drugs to target malaria.
Molecular Mechanism of Inhibition of Cell Proliferation: An In Silico Study of the Active Compounds in Curcuma longa as an Anticancer

Cancer is one of the death causes in the world. Many plants act as anticancer, one of them is Curcuma longa. The purpose of this study was to analyze the molecular mechanism of compounds in Curcuma longa as an anticancer using in silico. These research methods included exploration of the active compounds of Curcuma longa plants, prediction of their activity, human intestinal absorption test, test of Lipinski's rule of five, molecular docking, and interactions of receptor with compounds as well as signaling pathways. The results showed that Curcuma longa had 20 compounds that have the potential as an anticancer. As many as 5 of the 20 active compounds, namely α-curcumene, curcumenol, curcumin, curcumin II, and curcumin III had a value of Pa > 0.3 and HIA above 80%. The results of molecular docking of α-curcumene, curcumenol, curcumin, curcumin II, and curcumin III compounds with protein receptors of VEGFR-2, EGFR, and FGFR-1 showed ∆Gbind values of -5.0 to -7.5 kcal/mol. The compound in Curcuma longa that had the most effective activity as an anticancer was curcumin with a ∆Gbind value of -7.5 kcal/mol at the FGFR-1 receptor. Curcumin molecular mechanism as antiproliferative was revealed computationally through inhibition of the PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway.
Photocurable 3D-Printable Systems with Controlled Porosity towards CO2 Air Filtering Applications

Porous organic polymers are versatile platforms, easily adaptable to a wide range of applications, from air filtering to energy devices. Their fabrication via vat photopolymerization enables them to control the geometry on a multiscale level, obtaining hierarchical porosity with enhanced surface-to-volume ratio. In this work, a photocurable ink based on 1,6 Hexanediol diacrylate and containing a high internal phase emulsion (HIPE) is presented, employing PLURONIC F-127 as a surfactant to generate stable micelles. Different parameters were studied to assess the effects on the morphology of the pores, the printability and the mechanical properties. The tests performed demonstrates that only water-in-oil emulsions were suitable for 3D printing. Afterwards, 3D complex porous objects were printed with a Digital Light Processing (DLP) system. Structures with large, interconnected, homogeneous porosity were fabricated with high printing precision (300 µm) and shape fidelity, due to the addition of a Radical Scavenger and a UV Absorber that improved the 3D printing process. The formulations were then used to build scaffolds with complex architecture to test its application as a filter for CO2 absorption and trapping from environmental air. This was obtained by surface decoration with NaOH nanoparticles. Depending on the surface coverage, tested specimens demonstrated long-lasting absorption efficiency.
EVALUATION OF GENETIC ALGORITHMS FOR OPTIMAL RESERVOIR SYSTEM OPERATION

Several alternative formulations of a genetic algorithm for reservoir systems are evaluated using the four-reservoir, deterministic, finite-horizon problem. This has been done with a view to presenting fundamental guidelines for implementation of the approach to practical problems. Alternative representation, selection, crossover, and mutation schemes are considered. It is concluded that the most promising genetic algorithm approach for the four-reservoir problem comprises real-value coding, tournament selection, uniform crossover, and modified uniform mutation. The real-value coding operates significantly faster than binary coding and produces better results. The known global optimum for the four-reservoir problem can be achieved with real-value coding. A nonlinear four-reservoir problem is considered also, along with one with extended time horizons. The results demonstrate that a genetic algorithm could be satisfactorily used in real time operations with stochastically generated inflows. A more complex .
On the growth of a meromorphic function and its derivatives

The relative rates of growth of a function F meromorphic in the complex plane and its q derivative F (q) are studied via the Nevanlinna Characteristics T(r.F)and T(r.F (q)) and It is shown that lim inf T(r.F)/T(r.F (q)) ≤ 3ethat for all meromorphic functions. A lower bound on the size of the set {r>1 T(r.F) T(r.F (q))for K 1 is obtained. The upper bounds established for T(r.F)/T(r.F′)justify in a weakened form an old conjecture of Nevanlinna.
A model-driven deep unfolding network for fluorescence molecular tomography reconstruction

As a high-sensitivity and high-specificity imaging method, fluorescence molecular tomography (FMT) can quantitatively reconstruct the distribution of fluorescence sources inside the organism, and has great application prospects in tumor diagnosis, medicine development, and treatment evaluation. However, the reconstruction accuracy of traditional FMT is limited by the oversimplified forward model and the severe ill-posedness of the inverse problem. A physical model-driven iteratively unfolding network named ISTA-UNet is proposed in this paper. By combining the model-driven Iterative Shrinkage/Thresholding (IST) process and the UNet network model, the ISTA-Unet framework can take advantage of the denoising and detail recovery capabilities of deep neural networks on the basis of guaranteeing interpretability. In order to verify the effectiveness of the network, this paper analyzes the reconstruction of fluorescent targets with different positions, edge-to-edge distances, and fluorescence yield ratios. The results demonstrates that the FMT reconstruction based on ISTA-UNet has a significant improvement in spatial resolution and quantification compared with traditional methods, and has great potential in improving the quality of image reconstruction.
Multi-Domain Resource Scheduling for Simultaneous Wireless Computing and Power Transfer in Fog Radio Access Network

Future 6G is deemed to provide Simultaneous Wireless cOmputing and Power Transfer (SWOPT) services for addressing the shortage of local computation and that of energy at terminal devices in the era of the Internet of Everything (IoE). In this paper, we study a fog radio access network (F-RAN) consisting of enhanced remote radio heads (eRRHs) with multiple antennas and edge computing capabilities. The F-RAN simultaneously supports task offloading of computing users (CUs) and energy harvesting of energy users (EUs). Thanks to the global coordination of a central server, full cooperation among eRRHs in both computing and communication domains can substantially improve the SWOPT performance. Specifically, the energy harvesting performance of EUs is maximised by jointly optimising the bandwidth and the beam resources in the communication domain as well as the computing frequency and the offloading strategy in the computing domain. The original non-convex problem with mixed integer and continuous variables is then solved by sequential convex optimisations in the framework of a greedy algorithm with low complexity. Thorough simulation results demonstrate the advantage of our proposed resource scheduling scheme over the existing state-of-the-art counterparts.
Determination of Persistent Organic Pollutants (POPs) in Atmospheric Gases and Particles by Solid-Phase Extraction (SPE) and Gas Chromatography–Tandem Mass Spectrometry (GC–MS/MS)

Abstract Persistent organic pollutants (POPs) are harmful to the environment and human health. A simple method was developed for the determination of 58 POPs, including 16 polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), 18 polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), and 24 organochlorine pesticides (OCPs), in atmospheric gaseous and particle-phase samples. Different extraction solvents, solid-phase extraction (SPE) cartridges and elution steps were used and compared to optimize the extraction efficiency. The POPs were isolated from the atmospheric samples by Soxhlet extraction using 1:1 acetone:n-hexane and separated using SPE cartridges. The fractions were collected by two-step elution with10 mL of n-hexane and 10 mL of 1:1 n-hexane:dichloromethane. The method validation showed that PAHs, PCBs and OCPs had good linearity, with the coefficients of determination higher than 0.995, from 2.5 to 800, 2.5 to 800, and 2.5 to 600 ng/mL, respectively. The average recoveries were 67–117%, 67–113%, and 73–114% for the PAHs, PCBs, and OCPs. The limits of detection for PAHs, PCBs, and OCPs were from 0.55 to 3.29, 0.09 to 2.00, and 0.57 to 4.86 pg/m3. The limits of quantification (LOQs) for PAHs, PCBs and OCPs were 1.80 to 10.48, 0.29 to 6.37, and 1.82 to 15.48 pg/m3. The applicability of the method was confirmed using an urban dust standard reference material. The method was employed for the analysis of atmospheric samples collected weekly for one-half year on the rooftop of a 14 m tall building in the downtown Mianyang, Sichuan, China. The developed method is demonstrated to accurately monitor persistent organic pollutants in the atmosphere.
Macromolecular nanoparticles to attenuate both reactive oxygen species and inflammatory damage for treating Alzheimer's disease

Abstract Prevention and early intervention are the current focus of treatment for Alzheimer's disease (AD). An increase in reactive oxygen species (ROS) is a feature of the early stages of AD, thus suggesting that the removal of excess ROS can be a viable method of improving AD. Natural polyphenols are able to scavenge ROS and thus promising for treating AD. However, some issues need to be addressed. Among them, important are that most polyphenols are hydrophobic, have low bioavailability in the body, are easily degraded, and that single polyphenols have insufficient antioxidant capacity. In this study, we employed two polyphenols, resveratrol (RES) and oligomeric proanthocyanidin (OPC), and creatively grafted them with hyaluronic acid (HA) to form nanoparticles to address the aforementioned issues. Meanwhile, we strategically grafted the nanoparticles with the B6 peptide, enabling the nanoparticles to cross the blood–brain barrier (BBB) and enter the brain for AD treatment. Our results illustrate that B6‐RES‐OPC‐HA nanoparticles can significantly scavenge ROS, reduce brain inflammation, and improve learning and memory ability in AD mice. B6‐RES‐OPC‐HA nanoparticles have the potential to prevent and alleviate early AD.
Binarized Neural Network Accelerator Macro Using Ultralow-Voltage Retention SRAM for Energy Minimum-Point Operation

A binarized neural network (BNN) accelerator based on a processing-in-memory (PIM)/ computing-in-memory (CIM) architecture using ultralow-voltage retention static random access memory (ULVR-SRAM) is proposed for the energy minimum-point (EMP) operation. The BNN accelerator (BNA) macro is designed to perform stable inference operations at EMP and substantive power-gating (PG) using ULVR at an ultralow voltage (< EMP), which can be applied to fully connected layers (FCLs) with arbitrary shapes and sizes. The EMP operation of the BNA macro, which is enabled by applying the ULVR-SRAM to the macro, can dramatically improve the energy efficiency (TOPS/W) and significantly enlarge the number of parallelized multiply–accumulate (MAC) operations. In addition, the ULVR mode of the BNA macro, which also benefits from the usage of ULVR-SRAM, is effective at reducing the standby power. The proposed BNA macro can show a high energy efficiency of 65 TOPS/W for FCLs. This BNA macro concept using the ULVR-SRAM can be expanded to convolution layers, where the EMP operation is also expected to enhance the energy efficiency of convolution layers.
Efficient scalable schemes for monitoring a large number of data streams

The sequential changepoint detection problem is studied in the context of global online monitoring of a large number of independent data streams. We are interested in detecting an occurring event as soon as possible, but we do not know when the event will occur, nor do we know which subset of data streams will be affected by the event. A family of scalable schemes is proposed based on the sum of the local cumulative sum, cusum , statistics from each individual data stream, and is shown to asymptotically minimize the detection delays for each and every possible combination of affected data streams, subject to the global false alarm constraint. The usefulness and limitations of our asymptotic optimality results are illustrated by numerical simulations and heuristic arguments. The Appendices contain a probabilistic result on the first epoch to simultaneous record values for multiple independent random walks. Copyright 2010, Oxford University Press.
When “Technology Saves Us”: Exploring and Theorizing Pandemic Pedagogies in Adult ELT Contexts

Educators continue to grapple with the ever-changing dynamics of COVID-19 and its effects on teaching and learning. As such, this study contributes to the limited research on the challenges and supports of English language teachers (ELTs) who work with adult learners. Much of the research on teaching during the pandemic has amplified the voices of students, K-12 teachers, and higher education faculty who teach in disciplines where courses are often already offered in online or hybrid formats. In this paper, the researchers highlight the experiences of ELTs in global settings during the onset of the pandemic, when school closure was a necessity and emergency remote teaching was seemingly the only alternative. Utilizing qualitative methodology, data was collected via questionnaires. The researchers provide a thematic analysis of teacher participants’ coping strategies, fears, hopes, challenges, and successes of what is termed ‘pandemic pedagogies for ELT’. The findings suggest that despite the ability for technology to save us, there is a need for more effective ways of responding to and caring for the English language teaching communities amid a global pandemic.
The ice sheet height changes and mass variations in Antarctica by using ICESat and GRACE data

The Gravity Recovery and Climate Experiment (GRACE) satellite mission has provided the monthly earth's gravity field models since August 2002, from which the mass variations in Antarctica can be estimated. Because of the very low-degree spherical harmonic coefficients, especially the degree-2 zonal term J2 are not well determined by GRACE, more attention should be paid on the effects of J2 when the earth's mass variations are derived from spherical harmonic coefficients. To see the differences more clearly, wavelet transformation is applied to the J2 time series derived from GRACE measurements by different agencies, such as Centre National d’Études Spatiales/Groupe de Recher de Deodesie Spatiale, GeoForschungsZentrum Potsdam, University of Texas Center for Space Research and that from satellite laser ranging observations. Periodic signals can be seen from the wavelet spectra. A Gaussian smoothing with a radius of 300 km is used in the gravity model-based mass rate estimation. Meanwhile, NASA's Ice, Cloud, and land Elevation Satellite (ICESat) has provided repeated laser altimeter data, and the ice sheet height changes are estimated by using crossover analysis. The mass rates estimated from GRACE are compared to the ice sheet height changes from ICESat. The mass rate in Amundsen Sea Embayment is estimated up to −8 cm/yr from GRACE, while the ice sheet height changes observed from ICESat is up to −32 cm over more than 3 years, this shows the comparable results in this region.
KOSTUM DALAM TEATER TRADISIONAL BORIA DI PULAU PINANG AWAL ABAD KE-21

Penulisan artikel ini bertujuan mengkaji kostum dalam teater tradisional boria di Pulau Pinang. Kostum merupakan salah satu daripada lima elemen yang terdapat dalam persembahan boria. Komponen boria terdiri daripada pelakon sketsa, sailor tukang karang, dan pemuzik yang menggunakan elemen kostum. Perubahan zaman menyebabkan boria telah menempuhi tempoh cabaran yang menguji kekukuhannya terutama kostumnya. Selain itu, pengubahsuaian kostum boria telah berlaku mengikut keinginan berdasarkan budaya komuniti tempatan. Terdapat dua objektif kajian, iaitu untuk mengenal pasti kefahaman dan fungsi elemen kostum dalam setiap komponen boria. Seterusnya, mengemukakan pembahagian kostum boria setiap komponennya pada awal abad ke-21 dalam persembahan boria moden. Pendekatan kualitatif telah diguna pakai dalam kajian ini yang melibatkan kaedah temu bual dan pemerhatian. Hasil dapatan pengkaji mendapati perubahan telah terwujud dalam kostum boria kini adalah kostum tukang karang dan kostum sailor kerana masyarakat lebih mudah tertarik berbanding dengan kostum pelakon-pelakon. Bukan itu sahaja, peranan pemuzik yang telah disingkirkan menyebabkan kostumnya tidak lagi dihasilkan. Oleh itu, pemeliharaan dan pemuliharaan kostum boria adalah satu langkah yang harus dilakukan oleh pelbagai pihak agar tidak disalahgunakan untuk tujuan komersial semata-mata. This article will study at the early 21st century Penang traditional boria theatre costumes. The costume is one of the five elements found in boria performance. The component of boria especially sketch actors, tukang karang, sailors, and musicians will use this element. Time development had caused boria to undergo a series of evolution, especially the costumes. In addition, the boria costume had been customised according to the local community's taste and culture. This study aims to identify the apprehension and function of the costume elements in each component of the boria. Next, this study also would like to illustrate the division of boria costumes for each of its components in the early 21st century within the modern boria performances. This study has used a qualitative method involving interviews and observations. The objectives of this study have been answered successfully based on the data collected and the analysis. Significant changes in the current boria costumes involving the tukang karang and the sailor's costume had also been found through this study. The findings had found that audiences were more easily attracted to them than the actors' costumes. Not only that, but this study also found that the removal of the musicians' role had caused their costumes to cease production. Therefore, the preservation and conservation of boria costumes is a step that should be done by various parties so as not to be misused for purely commercial purposes