Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Improving Entropy Estimation and the Inference of Genetic Regulatory Networks

This paper explores how entropy and other information theoretic quantities may be used to reverseengineer genetic regulatory networks from repeated microarray data. The problem of differentiating genes that undergo direct coregulation from genes whose expression is similar because they belong to the same regulatory pathway is studied from a graphical modeling viewpoint. This leads to the criteria of conditional independence which can be evaluated by computing the conditional mutual information. The latter is completely characterized by the sum of the entropies of joint variables, underlining the need for an entropy estimator that is accurate even in low sampling conditions. We introduce a new plug-in entropy estimator obtained from shrinking maximum likelihood multinomial proportions estimates to the maximum entropy target. We derive the closely related ZIPshrink and ZINBshrink entropy estimators which enhance the shrinkage estimator by first adjusting the shrinkage target depending on the fraction of structural zeros in the multinomial model. The fraction of structural zeros is estimated using a Zero-Inflated Poisson or Zero-Inflated Negative Binomial distribution to model the histogram of bin counts. We compare these three new estimators to state of the art estimators. We show that they give acceptable estimates even in the low sampling regime and are as accurate as the best estimator available today while being 100 faster, making it more suitable for large scale computations. We then compare existing approximations of conditional independence networks such as 0-1 networks and a data processing inequality based approach. As a conclusion, we briefly consider limitations of the method as well as issues related to unobserved variables, causal inference and time series as opposed to steady state experiments. Part I serves both as an introduction and a motivation. It presents the notions of conditional independence and explains why entropy estimation is critical to genetic regulatory network inference. Part II has the core results of this report : it reviews existing entropy estimators for the discrete case, introduces a new entropy estimator based on the statistical notion of shrinkage and compares their performance. Finally, part III compares data processing inequality based approach to genetic regulatory networks reverse-engineering with the so-called 0-1 networks approach. It also has considerations about limitations, pitfalls and possible extensions of the method.
Pengaruh diet dengan pengaturan indeks glikemik dan beban glikemik terhadap kadar glukosa darah atlet sepak bola remaja

Background : Stability of blood glucose level is the important key of football match. Low Glycemic Load (GL) foods can decrease the metabolism change during postprandial time and during exercise. Objective : The purpose of this study was to know the effect of diet with arrangement Glycemic Index (GI) and GL on blood glucose level in young football athletes. Methods : Quasi experimental study on 21 male football athletes aged 14-18 years old at Pusat Pendidikan dan Latihan Pelajar (PPLP) Jawa Tengah. Subjects were divided into three groups : High GI with High GL diet (H-H) with GI=70 GL=47, Low GI with High GL diet (L-H) with GI=35 GL=22, and Low GI with Low GL diet (L-L) with GI=34 GL=6. Subjects fasted before intervention. Data collected were VO 2 max and body fat percentage, blood glucose level one hour after intervention (BGL 1), blood glucose level two hour after intervention (BGL 2), and blood glucose level after running exercised with distance 2.4 km (BGL 3). Bivariate analysis used Kruskall Wallis test. Results : All of groups have same characteristics of age, body fat precentage, and VO 2 max. There were significant effect of diet with arrangement GI and GL on BGL 1 and BGL 2 (p 0.05). Conclusion : Diets with arrangement Glycemic Index and Glycemic Load affected blood glucose level one hour and two hour after intervention. The increases of blood glucose level occured significantly in group that given low Glycemic Index and low Glycemic Load diet.
Creating a Macrostructure in Academic Writing: Contributions of Tutor–Tutee Interaction When Performing a Text Revision

ABSTRACT This article examines how students develop an effective macrostructure with supporting arguments in academic writing. We base the study on theory developed about macrostructures. The study focuses on components of macrostructure-building through tutor–tutee dialogic communication. We draw from work on the role of speech for and within written communication and examine factors that contribute to effective tutor–tutee interaction in revision processes. This article reports on the writing of a bilingual, Hispanic undergraduate who is a first-generation college student; the processes used by the student when performing a text revision; and self-perceptions associated with this writing activity, all of which provide avenues for understanding this student’s revision processes and text product.
Natural Language Recursion and Recurrent Neural

The recursive structure of natural language was one of the principal, and most telling, sources of diiculty for associationist models of linguistic behaviour. It has, more recently, become a focus in the debate surrounding the generality of neural network models of language, which many would regard as the natural heirs of the associationist legacy. Can neural networks learn to handle recursive structures? If not, many would argue, neural networks can be ruled out a priori as viable models of language processing. In this paper, we shall reconsider the implications of natural language recursion for neural network models, and present a range of simulations in which recurrent neural networks are trained on very simple recursive structures. We suggest implications for theories of human language processing.
Genes, Personality Traits, and the Sense of Civic Duty

Political scientists have long known that the sense of civic duty is one of the strongest predictors of individual voter turnout, yet scholars are only just starting to study and understand the origins of this orientation. Recent genopolitics research has indicated that the sense of civic duty is heritable, and recent research in political psychology has illustrated that individual personality traits, many of which have a heritable component, shape feelings of civic obligation. In this article, we link these two lines of inquiry to better understand how individual differences shape the sense of civic duty. More specifically, we explore the relationship between personality traits, measured using the Big Five model; genes; and the sense of civic duty. We show that genetic factors account for between 70% and 87% of the correlation between civic duty and four of the Big Five personality traits. Overall, the results presented here expand our understanding of the process through which prosocial orientations, such as civic duty, are formed.
Glenn F. Stillar Analyzing Everyday Texts: Discourse, Rhetoric, and Social Perspectives. In the series Rhetoric and Society 3. Thousand Oaks, Cal.: Sage. 1998. Pp. x + 206. US$24.50 (softcover).

voisins frangais, neerlandais et allemands. Bref, l'ecole et ses preoccupations pedagogiques s'averent des generatrices importantes de I'insecurite linguistique. Ce n'est par ailleurs pas l'effet d'un hasard que ce sont precisement des grammairiens beiges, tels que Joseph Hanse et Maurice Grevisse qui jouent un role preponderant dans la francophonie. Des enquetes menees aupres de francophones revelent actuellement que, s'ils sont conscients de parler une variete distincte du frangais de France, force est de constater qu'ils pergoivent egalement une difference entre la « norme beige)) (le langage des intellectuels, des medias, etc.) et les varietes regionales, plus ancrees dans la tradition populaire. Des lors la question se pose de savoir ce qui est pergu comme etant la norme, d'une part, et de quelle fagon se presente le discours sur la norme, d'autre part. Or, les auteurs constatent qu'il y a une scission entre celui-ci et celle-la. En effet, le discours normatif refere au modele frangais, alors que les normes effectives, elles, sont construites par le corps social beige. Enfin, l'ouvrage aborde le probleme de la politique linguistique : la question linguistique dans l'histoire de la Belgique, la legislation linguistique et la promotion du frangais. Originellement un Etat unitaire, la transformation de la Belgique en un Etat federal resulte des reactions tantot des Flamands, tantot des Wallons a deux processus deja en cours lors de la fondation du pays en 1830 : la francisation et la centralisation du pouvoir. Les auteurs concluent qu'en depit des conflits communautaires, la Belgique constitue neanmoins un bel exemple de resolution pacifique des tensions. D'un autre cote, ils mettent le doigt sur la responsabilite des pouvoirs publics en matiere de promotion de la langue frangaise, et ce non seulement dans des buts linguistiques ou politiques. Si les pouvoirs publics sont intervenus, relativement tardivement, pour lutter contre la presence croissante d'elements anglo-saxons dans la langue elle-meme, les problemes sociaux ou la langue entre en jeu justifient eux aussi une telle intervention. Ce livre incite incessamment le lecteur a decouvrir et apprecier les particularites du frangais de Belgique dont il fournit une image honnete et detaillee. De plus, l'abondance d'illustrations, de graphiques, d'images, de tableaux en rendent la lecture plus passionnante encore.
Fault Tolerance in Bluetooth Scatternet Topologies

This paper addresses the optimization of topological characteristics of Bluetooth scatternets which affect network performance. Particular attention is paid to the issue of fault tolerance, and objectives which are in competition with this. Using a multiple objective framework, the optimized trade-off between various topological objectives is determined. This is used to compare the scatternets produced by four decentralized protocols from the literature. The results offer a new basis to analyse and compare decentralized scatternet formation protocols. Results are presented for a range of randomized test problems.
Comer, Comentar e Compartilhar: Análise de uma Rede de Ingredientes e Receitas

Exchanging recipes is an habit of many people. An online and collaborative way of sharing this type of information is through specialized websites that allow users to post new recipes, comment and/or rate existing recipes. Although extremely popular, little is known about these systems and about the patterns of interactions that they promote. Aiming at filling this gap, this paper presents an extensive characterization of the site Tudo Gostoso, an important Brazilian site for sharing recipes. To do that, we crawled all recipes on the site along with information associated to comments and evaluations. In addition to explore the interactions between users of the website, our work analyze a network of co-occurring ingredients in recipes and investigates the feasibility of extracting existing changes on recipes from commentaries. The analysis of this graph reveals patterns of ingredients to use basic ingredients of Brazilian cuisine.
A Novel Size-Selective Airborne Particle Size Fractionating Instrument for Health Risk Evaluation

Health risks associated with the inhalation of airborne particles are known to be influenced by particle size. Studies have shown that certain nanoparticles, with diameters <100 nm, have increased toxicity relative to larger particles of the same substance. A reliable, size-resolving sampler able to collect a wide range of particle sizes, including particles with sizes in the nanometre range, would be beneficial in investigating health risks associated with the inhalation of airborne particles. A review of current aerosol samplers used for size-resolved collection of airborne particles highlighted a number of limitations. These could be overcome by combining an inertial deposition impactor with a diffusion collector in a single device. Verified theories of diffusion and inertial deposition suggested an optimal design and operational regime. The instrument was designed for analysing mass distribution functions. Calibration was carried out using a number of recognized techniques. The sampler was tested in the field by collecting size-resolved samples of lead containing aerosols present at workplaces in factories producing crystal glass. The mass deposited on each screen proved sufficient to be detected and measured by an appropriate analytical technique. Mass concentration distribution functions of lead were produced. The nanofraction of lead in air varied from 10 to 70% by weight of total lead.
MRI I MAGES

More than 55 illnesses are associated with the development of dementia and Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most prevalent form. Vascular dementia (VD) is the second most common form of dementia. Current diagnosis of Alzheimer disease (Alzheimer's disease) is made by clinical, neuropsychological, and neuroimaging assessments. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) can be considered the preferred neuroimaging examination for Alzheimer disease because it allows for accurate measurement of brain structures, especially the size of the hippocampus and related regions. Image processing techniques has been used for processing the (MRI) image. Image thresholding is an important concept, both in the area of objects segmentation and recognition. It has been widely used due to the simplicity of implementation and speed of time execution. Many thresholding techniques have been proposed in the literature. The aim of this paper is to provide formula and their implementation to threshold images using Between-Class Variance with a Mixture of Gamma Distributions. The algorithms will be described by given their steps, and applications. Experimental results are presented to show good results on segmentation of (MRI) image.
The Politics of the Earth

This book provides an accessible introduction to environmental politics through a powerful, discourse-centred approach which analyzes how environmental affairs are constructed and interpreted through language. It recounts developments beginning with the arrival of environmental crisis in the late 1960s, which yielded dire warnings about global shortages and ecological collapse. It moves through subsequent decades to the Paris Agreement on climate change, the UN’s Sustainable Development Goals, and the anti-environmental backlash of denial and “Gray Radicalism”. The book develops an innovative approach to understanding contemporary environmental discourses, covering ecological limits and planetary boundaries, pragmatic problem-solving, sustainability, ecological modernization, and green radicalism, as well as radical anti-environmentalism. It analyzes key developments in environmental affairs alongside many examples that illustrate how discourses shape past and current debates on the environment. It concludes by examining the radical implications of the Anthropocene concept.
Betting men’s ideas on iddaa (Turkey's official football betting game)

Football is a popular culture area that comes into our lives further day by day and has much more place in life as well. Football legitimates its dominance that achieves dominance all around the world, over Turkey, too. Society’s ideas on football changes into from football lovers point to football society. Sport spectators’ reasons of watching competitions vary. These are thought as amusement, social identity, discharges and materialistic expectation. On materialistic expectation, Iddaa (betting game), Sport Toto (football pool), Sport Lotto (lotto) and Horse Racing are ale to be evaluated as to supply materialistic expectations. In this study, a questionnaire forms from 73 question which is 8 questions are on demographic information is applied on 1080 betting men in Elazig province. Aim of the study is to determine betting men’s psychological and sociological expectations from betting game which is the most common way of supplying materialistic expectation at materialistic expectation ways at sports and their ideas on media and match fixing rumors. As a result, when general averages are calculated at the study in which 5 point likert scale is used, prominent factors are like below: %84.4 of participators are between 18-25 year-old age range, %83.8 of them earn their least income from betting game and %74’s of them state that they do not earn money from betting game. Whereas participators express “I agree. ” on ( X :4.15) portion on question of “Earning money easily plays important role on spreading this game of chance. ”, they state that “Newspapers play important game on popularizing the game. ” ( X :4.23). Factor of “Government should tighten up control of age limit. ” is shown as ( X :3.93), “Governors support this games because government earn money from this games. ” is followed by ( X :4.23) factor. It is turned out that “Participators believe in that there is match fixing at some matches. ” ( X :3.96), “Believing in footballers fix some matches” ( X :3.95), “Believing in referee fixes at some matches” ( X :3.92), “Believing in club managers fix matches at some matches” ( X :3.91) factors are followed by least differences.
Attention and emotion: an ERP analysis of facilitated emotional stimulus processing

Recent event-related potential studies observed an early posterior negativity (EPN) reflecting facilitated processing of emotional images. The present study explored if the facilitated processing of emotional pictures is sustained while subjects perform an explicit non-emotional attention task. EEG was recorded from 129 channels while subjects viewed a rapid continuous stream of images containing emotional pictures as well as task-related checkerboard images. As expected, explicit selective attention to target images elicited large P3 waves. Interestingly, emotional stimuli guided stimulus-driven selective encoding as reflected by augmented EPN amplitudes to emotional stimuli, in particular to stimuli of evolutionary significance (erotic contents, mutilations, and threat). These data demonstrate the selective encoding of emotional stimuli while top-down attentional control was directed towards non-emotional target stimuli.
Estimating the fibrosis stage in the human liver tissue using image processing methods on ultrasonographic images. Preliminary results.

Liver chronic diseases constitute an important public health issue. When diagnosing diffuse hepatopathies, ultrasonography is a simple method bringing useful information but not safe enough when determining the difference between certain diseases (steatosis, chronic hepatitis or early cirrhosis) or quantifying their severity. Present study is focused on examining pure fibrosis tissues in order to get a clear overview on how the presence of the fibrosis affects the ultrasonographic aspect of liver. We tried to assess the usefulness of the computerized texture image analysis in noninvasive fibrosis grade quantification. From over 350 with biopsies we’ve selected 58 chronic hepatitis C patients, which have pure fibrosis without any steatosis. On each image we established a Region of Interest and we extracted 166 features using 4
PhotoSurfing : A 3 D Image Browser Assisting Association-Based Photograph Browsing

1. Overview Recent evolution of computation performance and enlargement of memory space enabled us to store large number of photographs in our personal computers. Today, we can use or enjoy the photographs for various purposes on the computers. We will have more chances to create photograph albums on the computers and personally browse them or publish on the Internet. We think there are two main operations to look a large number of photographs on the computers. The former operation is search for certain specific photographs, and the latter operation is appreciation of sets of photographs as looking at photo albums. We think we will have more and more chances to appreciate sets of photographs on the computer-based albums, due to the increase of digital photographs. Let us discuss how the computer-based albums are more useful or enjoyable than paper-based albums, and how they will evolve in the near future. We suppose that most of browsers of paper-based albums look them starting from the page 1, and browse them turning over the pages. It means that they look photographs in the order defined by the owners of the albums, and the action does not bring surprising things. On the other hand, we can develop more flexible photograph browsers, which enable users to freely select photographs users want to look. We think this idea makes photograph browsing more enjoyable and surprising. We think metadata is a good key to assist unexpected association and discover unexpected photographs. For example, we may want to look more photographs “taken in the same day”, “taken in the same place”, or “shooting the same object”. We can gather such photographs if image files have metadata including date, place, and keywords. Such association will make users to enjoy more photographs, and discover unexpected photographs. This paper presents “PhotoSurfing”, a 3D image browser that assists association-based photograph browsing. Figure 1 shows the overview of PhotoSurfing. Initially PhotoSurfing places a set of images into a virtual 3D space, where three axes of the 3D space denote the values of three metadata.
Improved Combination of Multiple Atmospheric GCM Ensembles for Seasonal Prediction

Abstract An improved Bayesian optimal weighting scheme is developed and used to combine six atmospheric general circulation model (GCM) seasonal hindcast ensembles. The approach is based on the prior belief that the forecast probabilities of tercile-category precipitation and near-surface temperature are equal to the climatological ones. The six GCMs are integrated over the 1950–97 period with observed monthly SST prescribed at the lower boundary, with 9–24 ensemble members. The weights of the individual models are determined by maximizing the log likelihood of the combination by season over the integration period. A key ingredient of the scheme is the climatological equal-odds forecast, which is included as one of the “models” in the multimodel combination. Simulation skill is quantified in terms of the cross-validated ranked probability skill score (RPSS) for the three-category probabilistic hindcasts. The individual GCM ensembles, simple poolings of three and six models, and the optimally combined mult.
Southern Lag Voting Trends in Florida U.S. Senate and Gubernatorial Elections

For the past several decades the South has moved toward one-party Republican control, and yet the mega-southern state of Florida has not kept pace with the greater Southern Republican realignment for candidates running for statewide office. Instead, Florida has exhibited a Southern lag, where rural counties maintain higher Democratic registration than voting levels in supporting Democratic candidates for governor and U.S. Senate in the same general election year. There has been a gradual regional dealignment occurring in rural counties that are closer to the Deep Southern states of Alabama and Georgia. Using a range of aggregate Florida county election and registration data, research found the percentage of white voters and percentage of registered Democrats that comprise counties effect the Democratic deviation. These results have implications for campaign strategy and can be used in campaign targeting efforts. INDEX WORDS: Southern politics, General elections, Florida, Partisan change, Voting trends, Republican realignment, Democratic dealignment, Democratic deviation SOUTHERN LAG VOTING TRENDS IN FLORIDA U.S. SENATE AND GUBERNATORIAL ELECTIONS