Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Sertoli cell proliferation during the post hatching period in domestic fowl

There has been no study aimed at directly determining of the periods of Sertoli cell proliferation in birds even domestic fowl. The aims of this study were to observe the cessation of post-hatching mitotic proliferation of Sertoli cells in domestic fowl, and to determine the volume density of Sertoli and germ cells during this period. A total of 50 Leghorn chicks were used in this study. The testes sections of the animals were immunostained with BrdU to observe the proliferation of cells from one to 10 weeks of age. The volume density of the Sertoli and germ cells were determined using the standard point counting method. The volume density of the germ cell nuclei was initially less than that of the Sertoli cells but the volume density converged by week 6, and remained relatively constant until the commencement of meiosis. Clear labeling of Sertoli and germ cells was observed from week 1 to week 7. The only those cells still labeled after 8 weeks were germ cells, indicating that Sertoli cell proliferation had ceased. Therefore, it is recommended that any research into the testes of domestic fowl should consider the cessation of Sertoli cell proliferation by approximately 8 weeks.
Efficacy of a hydrated sodium calcium aluminosilicate to reduce the toxicity of aflatoxin and diacetoxyscirpenol.

A hydrated sodium calcium aluminosilicate (HSCAS) was incorporated into diets (.5%) containing 3.5 mg/kg aflatoxin (AF) and 5.0 mg/kg diacetoxyscirpenol (DAS) singly and in combination. Male broiler chicks received ad libitum access to their respective diets and water from 1 to 21 days of age. Body weight gains were significantly (P < .05) depressed by AF and DAS singly and a synergistic interaction occurred between AF and DAS for a further depression of body weight gains. Alterations in hematological and serum biochemical values, as well as serum enzyme activities, were observed for the AF and the AF and DAS combination. Additionally, a significant interaction occurred between AF and DAS for some biochemical values and enzyme activities. Adding HSCAS resulted in almost total protection against the effects caused by AF alone, limited protection against the combination, but no protection against the DAS alone. These findings indicate that HSCAS can diminish the adverse effects of AF but not of DAS.
A Study of Pesticide Residues in Different Fruits Collected from Different Fruit Markets of Lahore, Punjab

Pesticides are poisons in nature and have harmful effects on human health. They are used for suicide, homicide and for other bad intentions. Objective: The aim of the study was to determine the residues of some pesticides in fruits collected from various markets of Lahore. Material & Methods : Eight fruits samples apple, banana, guava, melon, orange, papaya, pomegranate and strawberry from various sale points of the market were collected. Extraction, clean up and analysis were then processed. Concentration of five pesticides including Bifenthrin, Lambda Cyhalothrin, Carbofuran, Chlorpyrifos and Cypermethrin were determined in fruits samples using high performance thin layer chromatography. Spot diameter of pesticide residue of sample was compared with that of standards to determine pesticide concentration. One way ANOVA was applied to determine the significance of difference. Results & Cnoclusion: Significant difference of pesticide presence was identified in some selected fruits (P<0.05). The maximum concentration of cyhalothrin was found in Papaya (0.112 mg/kg) and Strawberry (0.133mg/kg), Cypermethrin in Orang (0.320 mg/kg), Banana (0.170 mg/kg) and Pomegranate (0.129 mg/kg), Chlorpyrifos in Guava (0.122 mg/kg), Carbofuran in Apple (0.109 mg/kg). It was concluded that cypermethrin possess high rate of contamination in different fruit samples. Therefore, there is a need to continuity of inspection on pesticide residues in agricultural products in order to prevent the contamination and secure human safety.
Children and Housing Literature

Preamble: This overview relates to an annotated research bibliography compiled as part of this project. The bibliography is stored as a RefWorks database on the University of Auckland library databases and is accessible to anyone with a UoA login and can be copied on request to those outside the University. The name and password for this database will be supplied on request. Rather than refer to each of the over 250 references on the database Mengzhu has made an indicative selection in the text. A companion overview essay is also being prepared by Pauline Herbst, based on the methodological literature on research with and by children, also recorded on the RefWorks database. – Julie Park
A 3N Approach to Network Control and Management

As the network technology and applications continue to evolve, computer networks become more and more important. However, network users can attack the network infrastructure (such as domain name service and routing services, etc.). The networks can not provide the minimum required quality of service for control. Network situation can not be aware in a timely manner. And network maintaining and upgrading are not easy. We argue that one root cause of these problems is that control, management and forwarding function are intertwined tightly. We advocate a complete loosing of the functionality and propose an extreme design point that we call "3N", after the architecture's three separated networks: forwarding network, control network and management network. Accordingly, we introduce four network entities: forwarder, controller, manager and separators. In the 3N architecture, the forwarding network mainly forwards packets at the behest of the control network and the management network, the control network mainly perform route computation for the data network, and the management network mainly learn about the situation of the data network and distribute policies and configurations, and the three networks working together to consist a efficient network system. In this paper we presented a high level overview of 3N architecture and some research considerations in its realization. We think the 3N architecture is helpful to improve network security, availability, manageability, scalability and so on.
THE INDIVIDUAL CHILD : TEMPERAMENT , EMOTION , SELF , AND PERSONALITY

Language permits abstract thought; it also allows interpersonal communication, a primary medium for the social interaction that lies at the base of personality and social development. Chapters in the last section of Developmental Science: An Advanced Textbook examine personality and social development in the context of the various relationships and situations in which developing individuals function and by which they are shaped. Chapter 9 focuses on temperament, emotions, and self in the individual child as they evolve into personality. As Ross A. Thompson and Rebecca Goodvin show, personality as we understand it in adults integrates over the development of temperament, emotion, and self. The authors set themselves and the reader the goal of understanding what each is, how each develops, and the ways each contributes to the psychological makeup of the individual. Therefore, the self unfolds in close relation to temperament, emotions, and personality in the course of early psychological development. As Thompson and Goodvin also make clear, however, the self emerges in social contexts. One primary social context for developing individuals is represented by the family. In chapter 10, Michael E. Lamb and Charlie Lewis recount the development of social relationships within the family during the first years of life. They describe normative developmental progressions in the emergence of these relationships as well as the factors that account for individual differences in relationships, creating some that foster healthy adjustment and development and others that subvert developmental processes and lead to the emergence of behavioral pathology. In chapter 11, Kenneth H. Rubin, Robert Coplan, Xinyin Chen, Allison A. Buskirk, and Julie C. Wojslawowicz shift the developing child’s focus to relationships established with children outside the family, notably with peers. As Rubin and his co-authors point out, relationships with peers play a central and formative role in children’s development. These authors document that, with increasing age, peers in various kinds of groups account for a growing proportion of children’s social experiences, creating an increasingly important context within which children manifest their distinctive personality and social styles and by which these styles are modified and honed. How peer influences are measured, why individual children are so influenced by peers, how children negotiate their relationships with friends, and the consequences of good and poor peer relationships in children’s lives are topics of keen interest in contemporary developmental science.
Hematocrit and hemoglobin of broilers as influenced by environmental temperature and dietary iron level.

Abstract Two experiments were conducted to study the effect of environmental temperature on hematocrit and hemoglobin values of chicks receiving diets containing various levels of copper (Cu) and iron (Fe). Hematocrit and hemoglobin values were affected by environmental temperature and dietary Cu and Fe level. A significant increase in hemoglobin values was obtained with increasing Cu and Fe levels at both temperatures. The hematocrit values followed the same pattern with the exception of the 19-day-old birds reared at 21.1°C. and receiving the highest Cu and Fe diet. Hemoglobin values of birds reared at 21.1°C. receiving the basal diet supplemented with 2 p.p.m. Cu and 20 p.p.m. Fe were the same as the hemoglobin values of birds reared at 32.2° C. receiving the basal diet supplemented with 9 p.p.m. Cu and 90 p.p.m. Fe. Within each dietary regime, birds reared at 21.1°C. had significantly higher hematocrit and hemoglobin values than birds reared at 32.2°C. , with the exception of the hemoglobin values for birds receiving the basal diet. Chicks reared from 1 day of age to 2 weeks of age in a conventional manner responded to dietary Fe level and environmental temperature within a 2-week period. Within each dietary regime, hematocrit and hemoglobin values for birds reared at 10°C. were significantly higher than for birds reared at 21.1° C. Hematocrit and hemoglobin values for birds reared at 32.2°C. were significantly lower than the other two temperatures. A comparison between temperatures for the combined diets shows a decrease in hematocrit and hemoglobin values as the temperature at which birds are reared is increased.
Steady-State Mean Square Performance of the Multichannel Filtered-X Affine Projection Algorithm

This paper provides a unified analysis of the steady-state behavior of different multichannel filtered-x affine projection algorithms when used in active noise control (ANC) systems. The analysis deals with two different filtering schemes: the modified filtered-x affine projection (MFXAP) algorithm, with the modified filtered-x structure embedded, that has been studied in previous works, and the filtered-x affine projection (CFXAP) algorithm, with the conventional filtered-x structure embedded, that becomes the main contribution of this work. This study is based on energy conservation principles and does not require a specific signal distribution. The derived theoretical models allow to accurately predict the steady-state performance of the considered algorithms for moderate AP orders and low step sizes . Simulation results obtained in practical ANC systems validate both the analysis and the achieved expressions, showing a relative good match between theory and practice.
A framework for manipulation and locomotion with realtime footstep replanning

This paper focuses on realization of tasks with locomotion on humanoid robots. Locomotion and whole body movement are resolved as one unique problem. The same planner and controller are used for both stages of the movement. Final posture and footprint placements are found by resolving an optimization problem on the robot augmented by its footprints. Footstep replanning is done in realtime to correct perception and execution errors. The framework is demonstrated with the HRP-2 robot in a number of different scenarios.
Analysis of Minimax Error Rate for Crowdsourcing and Its Application to Worker Clustering Model

While crowdsourcing has become an important means to label data, crowdworkers are not always experts---sometimes they can even be adversarial. Therefore, there is great interest in estimating the ground truth from unreliable labels produced by crowdworkers. The Dawid and Skene (DS) model is one of the most well-known models in the study of crowdsourcing. Despite its practical popularity, theoretical error analysis for the DS model has been conducted only under restrictive assumptions on, e.g., class priors, confusion matrices, and the number of labels each worker provides. In this paper, we derive a minimax error rate under more practical setting for a broader class of crowdsourcing models that includes the DS model as a special case. We further propose the worker clustering model, which is more practical than the DS model under real crowdsourcing settings. Note that the wide applicability of our theoretical analysis allows us to immediately investigate the behavior of this proposed model. Experimental results showed that there is a strong similarity between the lower bound of the minimax error rate derived by our theoretical analysis and the empirical error of the estimated value.
Emerging role of the Jun N‐terminal kinase interactome in human health

The c‐Jun N‐terminal kinases (JNKs) are located downstream of Ras‐mitogen activated protein kinase signaling cascades. More than 20 years of study has shown that JNKs control cell fate and many cellular functions. JNKs and their interacting proteins form a complicated network with diverse biological functions and physiological effects. Members of the JNK interactome include Jun, amyloid precursor protein, and insulin receptor substrate. Recent studies have shown that the JNK interactome is involved in tumorigenesis, neuron development, and insulin resistance. In this review, we summarize the features of the JNK interactome and classify its members into three groups: upstream regulators, downstream effectors, and scaffold partners. We also highlight the unique cellular signaling mechanisms of JNKs and provide more insights into the roles of the JNK interactome in human diseases.
Dental Decay and Oral Findings in Children and Adolescents Affected by Different Types of Cerebral Palsy: A Comparative Study.

OBJECTIVE To compare dental caries and oral findings in patients affected by different types of Cerebral Palsy (CP). STUDY DESIGN This cross-sectional study involved 120 children and adolescents with a diagnosis of CP. WHO diagnostic criteria were used to determine DMFT (caries diagnosis), the pocket depth and attachment level (periodontitis diagnosis). Additionally, the study evaluated dental erosion, traumatic dental injuries, treatment needs index (TNI), oral habits, malocclusions, gingival overgrowth, and dental fluorosis. RESULTS The most frequent CP type was spastic (62.5%), followed by mixed (18.3%), ataxic (10%), and athetoid (9.1). Patients affected by mixed CP showed a higher prevalence in decayed, DMFT index and TNI compared with the other types of CP (p<0.05). The frequency of malocclusion in the clinical evaluation was 87.5% and in plaster models was 49.2%. CONCLUSIONS Dental caries was an important issue in mixed and athetoid CP groups. Oral habits and malocclusions were the most significant oral health problems in individuals with CP.
Submental Intubation in Cases of Panfacial Fractures: A Retrospective Study

&NA; Surgical treatment of panfacial fractures usually requires intraoperative temporary occlusion of the teeth and simultaneous access to the nasal pyramid. In such cases, the standard method of airway management is to perform a tracheostomy, but this may be associated with a significant number of perioperative and late complications. This study aimed to determine if submental endotracheal intubation (SEI) is a viable alternative to tracheostomy, especially when short‐term postoperative control of the airway is foreseen. This was an observational retrospective study, carried out between 2012 and 2014, which involved 32 consecutive patients who sustained panfacial fractures and were surgically treated during a 3‐year period in a level I trauma center hospital. Only those who required SEI were included in the sample. Four cases were excluded because of incomplete registries, follow‐up period less than 4 months after hospital discharge, or other unrelated complications. The medical charts of all patients involved in the sample were carefully reviewed in order to qualify and quantify perioperative and postoperative complications related to anesthetic management. We hypothesized that SEI would not interfere with the surgical procedures and would present less morbidity and reduced complication rates. Twenty‐eight patients, 24 male and 4 female, met all the inclusion criteria. The mean age was 29.5 ± 9.05 years (range, 18–56 years). The mean duration time of surgery was 8.07 ± 4.0 hours (range, 4–16 hours). There were no perioperative complications. Postoperatively, only 1 patient (3.57%) experienced a cutaneous infection at the submental region, which was easily treated. Additionally, only 1 case (3.57%) of hypertrophic scar was reported. SEI appears to be a safe, simple, and effective technique of immediate perioperative airway management in selected cases of panfacial fractures.
Influence of acute feed deprivation or excess feed intake on immunocompetence of broiler chicks.

Immunocompetence was determined in chicks subjected to 24 h feed deprivation or excess intake by measuring 1) hemagglutinin titers in response to sheep red blood cell (SRBC) injections given either before or after dietary treatments, 2) delayed hypersensitivity to human gamma globulin (HGG), or 3) in vitro, phytohaemagglutinin-induced mitogenesis of spleen lymphocytes taken immediately or 24 h after dietary treatment. In Experiment 1, chicks were intubated six times during a 24-h period with an isolated soy protein-dextrose diet at either 100% (control) or 150% of ad libitum consumption. Following the period of excess intake, half of the chicks were prevented from making a compensatory decrease in intake by force-feeding (Hi-equal) and half were permitted to decrease their intake (Hi-adlib). All chicks not force-fed were sham-intubated. Imposing force-feeding (Hi-equal) before or after challenge with SRBC resulted in significantly (P less than .05) decreased hemagglutinin titers. Force-feeding (Hi-equal) 24 h prior to HGG injection significantly decreased delayed hypersensitivity. Hi-adlib chicks did not respond differently than controls. In Experiment 2, chicks were either fed ad libitum (control), fasted for 24 or 48 h and then fed ad libitum (Low24-adlib and Low48-adlib), or deprived of feed for 24 or 48 h and then restricted to normal intake (Low24-equal and Low48-equal). Imposing Low24-equal feeding prior to SRBC injection resulted in significantly greater (P less than .05) hemagglutinin titers after 7 days than observed in control chicks. No other differences were seen. These studies demonstrate that an acute period of uncompensated overconsumption or feed deprivation decreases and increases, respectively, selected aspects of the immune response.
Self Healing Smart Polymers: Insight and Applicability In Aerospace Industry

Smart polymers are polymers which have a unique potentiality to undergo change physically or chemically in response to external stimuli’s like temperature, pH, ionic concentration, light, magnetic fields, electrical fields, biological molecules and chemicals. The multi-responsive properties of smart polymer find applications in drug delivery, textiles, hydrogels, anticorrosive coatings, optical data storage, aerospace, military etc. Self-healing polymers, a type of smart polymers have an inherent ability to heal themselves like living tissues in body. This unique property leads to enhancement in its utility as composites, aerospace coatings, micro-encapsulations etc. Depending on the way of healing, self healing polymers are diversified in two categories namely intrinsic and extrinsic. Intrinsic ones heal themselves while extrinsic ones demand use of external healing agents. The development of micro-cracks in any material leads to its failure in long term. The use of self healing polymer in composites plays a vital role as it helps in healing of micro-cracks thereby increasing the service life of the composite materials. The use of self healing polymers in composites gives them light weight, good process ability, chemical stability in any atmospheric conditions. The aim of this paper is to review the aspects of selfhealing technologies and future trends in aerospace applications.
Accurate computational design of multipass transmembrane proteins

Membrane protein oligomers by design In recent years, soluble protein design has achieved successes such as artificial enzymes and large protein cages. Membrane proteins present a considerable design challenge, but here too there have been advances, including the design of a zinc-transporting tetramer. Lu et al. report the design of stable transmembrane monomers, homodimers, trimers, and tetramers with up to eight membrane-spanning regions in an oligomer. The designed proteins adopted the target oligomerization state and localized to the predicted cellular membranes, and crystal structures of the designed dimer and tetramer reflected the design models. Science, this issue p. 1042 Artificially designed, stable, multitopic membrane proteins localize to the plasma membrane in bacteria and in mammalian cells. The computational design of transmembrane proteins with more than one membrane-spanning region remains a major challenge. We report the design of transmembrane monomers, homodimers, trimers, and tetramers with 76 to 215 residue subunits containing two to four membrane-spanning regions and up to 860 total residues that adopt the target oligomerization state in detergent solution. The designed proteins localize to the plasma membrane in bacteria and in mammalian cells, and magnetic tweezer unfolding experiments in the membrane indicate that they are very stable. Crystal structures of the designed dimer and tetramer—a rocket-shaped structure with a wide cytoplasmic base that funnels into eight transmembrane helices—are very close to the design models. Our results pave the way for the design of multispan membrane proteins with new functions.
A Markov Chain Approach to big data ranking systems

In this paper, we propose a Markov Chain Approach to big data ranking systems. In doing so first, we create a transition matrix which will store a calculated score between every applicable pair of nodes on a large scale network. We then compute the stationary distribution of the Markov Chain with the transition matrix and rank the outcomes of this matrix to get the most influential users on the network. We have implemented our algorithm on the neo4j platform and tested it with some sample datasets. The experimental results show that the proposed method is promising for mining influential nodes in big social networks.