Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Third-Order Elastic Constants and the Velocity of Small Amplitude Elastic Waves in Homogeneously Stressed Media

Third-order elastic constants can be determined from the velocity of small amplitude sound waves in statically stressed media. For this purpose exact expressions are derived for the sound velocity and for a natgrel velocity and their stress derivatives, evaluated at zero stress, in terms of secondand third-order elastic constants. The formulas apply to arbitrary crystal symmetry and to arbitrary stress systems depending on a single scalar variable. Special formulas for hydrostatic pressure and uniaxial stress are listed for the cubic point groups 0, Og, Tq, and for isotropic materials. Attention is given to the proper variation of propagation direction with static stress in order to maintain propagation normal to a given crystal face as in ultrasonic experiments, and to the proper separation of isothermal and isentropic coe%cients in the results. The simplest and most convenient form of the results employs the natura/ velocity (natural unstressed length at the same temperature divided by the transit time), which is computed directly from experimental data without correcting the path length for the e6ect of stress.
Probabilistic Mechanics of Glass Suggests a Model for COVID-19 Epidemics

: The presented statistical model allows us to identify the degree of development of an epidemic starting from the observation of the number of deaths in the invested region, categorized by the age of the victims. Recognition of which cases are associated with the disease is not necessary, as this results from the comparison with data on deaths in pre-epidemic conditions. The treatment, which has analogies with consolidated models in the stochastic mechanics of brittle materials, allows associating parameters such as the level of epidemic, the probability of developing a pathology, and the age of the victims, with other notions well-known to structural engineers, such as the stress, the dependence from fracture-mechanics of macroscopic strength on material defects, the size-effect. Strong simplifying hypotheses are made; therefore, new comparisons are needed with the actual data, often not organized and difficult to find. However, for the most populated Italian regions, the model shows a good agreement with the theoretical predictions, allowing a quantitative estimate of the epidemic level and the risk assessment based on age. Further studies will show whether the knowledge in material science may be conveniently borrowed in the field of epidemiology and viceversa, to achieve mutual interdisciplinary progress.
Efficiency of weighted average derivative estimators and index models

Weighted average derivatives are useful parameters for semiparametric index models and nonparametric demand analysis. This paper gives efficiency results for average derivative estimators, including formulating estimators that have high efficiency. The authors derive the efficiency bound for weighted average derivatives of conditional location functionals, such as the conditional mean and median. They also derive the efficiency bound for semiparametric index models, where the location measure depends on indices or linear combinations of the regressors. The authors derive the efficient weight function when the distribution of the regressors is elliptically symmetric. They also discuss how to combine estimators with different known weight functions to achieve efficiency. Copyright 1993 by The Econometric Society.
Measurement and Prediction of Traffic-Induced Vibrations in a Heritage Building

Abstract The paper describes measurements of road traffic-induced vibrations in a heritage building in Naples. The measurements have been related to vehicle type and speed and have been compared with values obtained by a “modified” prediction model. Analysis of results showed that the ISO 2631 [1] perception threshold for peak particle velocity (PPV) (0·14 mm/s) was exceeded for all acquired data, and in some cases the vibration level exceeded the lowest damage PPV threshold found in literature (1 mm/s) [2]. In some cases the Swiss Standard threshold [3] (1·5 mm/s) for particularly sensitive buildings was also exceeded. The prediction model was developed by modifying an existing model initially developed to predict vibrations due only to localized surface irregularities (bumps). The novel feature in this study is that the road roughness parameter in the model has been characterized by the root mean square (r.m.s.) value of the surface wavelengths that drive the natural frequencies of wheel hop and body bounce of heavy vehicle suspensions. This also allows vibration of longitudinally distributed irregularities (roughness) typical of stone block road pavements to be predicted and should potentially be of practical use in identifying high-exposure sites in sensitive heritage areas.
The seesaw in winter temperatures between Greenland and Northern Europe. Part III: Teleconnections with lower Latitudes

Abstract Tropical teleconnections to the seesaw in winter mean temperatures between Greenland and northern Europe are described in terms of the trade winds, African precipitation, sea surface temperatures and Gulf Stream intensity as indicated by changes in relative sea levels. There is a statistically significant correlation between the strength of the northeast and southeast trades in the Atlantic during seesaw winters, but not in other winters. Latitudinal differences in the position of the ITCZ over Africa, as defined by the belt of heaviest precipitation, are seen between the two modes of the seesaw but not in other circulation types. Relative sea levels on either side of the Gulf Stream show that geostrophic velocity of the surface current is out of phase with the strength of the trades in the North Atlantic Ocean during seesaw winters, which presumably indicates that in this region steric effects on the current prevail over the influence of the wind. Small-magnitude pressure anomaly patterns of the.
A method for nuclear-component deconvolution in active galaxies

ABSTRA C T A new method for deconvolution of the nuclear component of active galaxies is presented, along with some initial results with several nuclear-type objects. Unlike the majority of procedures currently in use, this method is based on the following steps: (a) derivation of seeing-free bulge and disc parameters, (b) construction of a two-dimensional model of the galaxy, (c) derivation of a point-spread function (PSF) from star profiles and convolution of the bulge1disc model with the obtained PSF and (d) extraction of the seeing-convolved model radial profile and subtraction from the observed one. The residual gives the nuclear component. Only standard image processing packages are used. r0, m 0) that represent the nuclear component, bulge and disc of the galaxy along with a convolution with the seeing PSF. Sometimes, even the seeing s is included as a free parameter of the convolution. The problem arises as the fitting parameters are strongly coupled, and then the final result highly depends on the initial guess of these parameters. Attempting to overcome this limitation, we have tried a different approach. First, we derive the seeing-free bulge and disc parameters following the iterative method proposed by Kormendy (1977). Therefore, the convolution of the sum of the bulge and disc models with the appropriate PSF should reflect accurately the host galaxy of the active nucleus; subtracting the profile obtained from the convolution of the model with the PSF from the observed profile, the result should be the nuclear component. In order to implement this simple idea, we first wrote a program that used as input the bulge and disc parameters of the galaxy and the PSF parameters and then made a one-dimensional convolution of the profile with the PSF function, assuming certain symmetry conditions. We failed to reproduce the observed profiles in a normal galaxy like NGC 6340. As a first result, it is important to stress that one-dimensional convolutions are not satisfactory in order to obtain the nuclear component. In fact, large differences between the observed profile and the model-convolved one can be observed. Despite this problem, several authors (for example Kent 1985, Kotilainen et al. 1992) make use of this approach. Therefore, we proceed with more realistic, two-dimensional models. We used standard eso-midas 1 and iraf 2 programs for
Assessment of the Level of Physical Activity and Mood in Students after a Year of Study in a Mixed Mode in the Conditions of Restrictions Resulting from the Pandemic

The COVID-19 pandemic has forced social isolation affecting all areas of life. It also affected the functioning of schools and universities. Many countries have introduced full or partial distance learning. The aim of the study was to assess the level of physical activity and student mood of the Faculty of Physiotherapy of the Academy of Physical Education in Wrocław (Poland) and students of the Faculty of Health of the ODISSE University in Brussels (Belgium) after a year of the study conducted in a mixed mode due to contact restrictions resulting from the COVID-19 pandemic and checking which of the analyzed factors increases the risk of depression to the greatest extent. Material and methods: 297 students from the 2nd to 4th year of full-time studies took part in the observation. The academic year 2020/2021 was assessed. Physical activity was assessed using the Global Physical Activity Questionnaire (GPAQ) recommended for this type of analysis by WHO. The GPAQ questionnaire enables the assessment of activity performed at work, movement, and leisure time and assesses the time of sitting or resting in a supine position. The Beck Depression Inventory was used to assess mental health. The subjects also completed a questionnaire concerning selected somatic features and describing their living conditions in the previous year. Results: In the group of Polish students, classes conducted in a completely remote mode accounted for about 50%, while in the group of Belgian students, about 75%. In the described period, 19% of students from Poland and 22% of students from Belgium were infected with COVID-19. The median of the results of the Beck Depression Scale in both groups was lower than 12 points (7 points in the AWF group and 8 points in the ODISSE group, respectively). A detailed analysis showed that in both study groups, more than 30% of students received results showing a depressed mood. A total of 19% of the surveyed students of the University of Physical Education and 27% of the ODISSE students were characterized by a result indicating mild depression. The results of the GPAQ questionnaire show that the total physical activity, including work/study, recreation, and mobility was 16.5 h a week for students from Poland and 7.4 h a week for students from Belgium. Conclusions: Both groups of subjects reached all the thresholds recommended by the WHO as a sufficient level of weekly physical activity. A group of students of the Faculty of Physiotherapy of the University of Physical Education in Wrocław was characterized by more than twice as high (statistically significant) level of weekly physical activity as compared to the group of participants from the ODISSE University in Brussels. In both study groups, more than 30% of students experienced a lowered mood of varying intensity. It is necessary to monitor the mental state of students and, in the event of obtaining control results at a similar level, to implement psychological assistance for willing participants.
High-speed micro particle image velocimetry studies of boundary-layer flows in a direct-injection engine

Mass and energy exchange processes near the in-cylinder walls have become increasingly important for internal combustion engine research and development. Heat-transfer and fuel-deposition processes are not well enough understood to fully predict their magnitude and temporal and spatial variation. To a large extent, improvements in modeling are limited because of a lack of experimental guidance on the dynamics of boundary-layer flows in engines. High-speed particle image velocimetry and micro particle image velocimetry were used to study the boundary-layer flow field at the cylinder head of a motored internal combustion engine for three different engine speeds (400, 800 and 1100 r/min). Velocity measurements were taken throughout the compression stroke and the beginning of the expansion stroke, and comparisons to the frequently used law-of-the-wall were made. The low-resolution particle image velocimetry images showed that the average bulk flow maintained a tumble flow throughout the compression and expansion strokes and velocities scaled with engine speed. Adequate spatial resolution of the boundary-layer flow required the use of high-resolution (micro particle image velocimetry) measurements which showed that the log-law does not accurately describe the experimental boundary-layer structure in the outer layer ( 30 < y + < 50 ). Using the log-law, the velocity for earlier crank angles (180–260 crank angle degrees) was over predicted while the velocity for later crank angles (300–330 crank angle degrees) was under predicted, as engine speed increased. However, the experimental velocity profiles near the wall ( y + < 4 ) matched the description of the viscous sublayer ( u + = y + ). Furthermore, it was observed that the thickness of the viscous sublayer decreased as the engine speed increased. The viscous sublayer could not be adequately resolved at 1100 r/min because of the limitations in adequate seeding density near the surface and the resulting loss of data points closest to the wall. The capability of high-speed particle image velocimetry measurements is demonstrated by the ability to identify and track vortical structures that move through the outer and buffer layers. Future work must address the evolution of such flow structures, along with measurements of temperature, to enable development and validation of boundary-layer models that are not restricted by the assumptions necessary for the law-of-the-wall such as steady bulk flow conditions and properties.
Statistical analysis of a phonemic target in articulatory movements

Articulatory motion is a skilled sequential movement in which a phonemic string is converted into continuous movements in the articulatory coordinate system. In generating articulatory movements, the phonemic target or task is often defined as a compact region of either articulatory, vocal‐tract geometric, or acoustic space. In this paper, statistical analysis of the phonemic targets obtained from the empirical articulatory and acoustic data is described. The target distribution shows different variants in each space for different classes of sounds. The variance of the target is examined for different conditions of syllable, stress, and utterance speed. Also examined is which articulatory, geometric, or acoustic space is appropriate for specifying the target in forming the articulatory movements using the trajectory formation model with a stochastic target representation [M. Honda and T. Kaburagi, ICSLP 1, 179–184 (1994)].
Facilitators and barriers for successful retirement: a qualitative study

Introduction a retirement is a major event and a life-changing transition in human life. As retirement is accompanied by new needs and roles, there is a need for adaptation. This study intended to identify facilitators and barriers to a successful retirement. Methods this qualitative study was conducted on 22 retirees and professionals in the field of retirement. The participants included 13 retirees (9 males and 4 females), 4 about-to-retirement individuals (3 females and 1 male), and 5 experts in the field of gerontology, retirement, and social sciences. The participants were selected using the purposive sampling technique. Data analysis was performed using conventional content analysis and Graneheim and Lundman´s methods. Results in this study mean age of participants in the retiree group was 63.15±6.30 years. The mean age for the About-to-retirement group was 53.75*2.63 years, and their mean job experience was 29 years. Also, the expert group had an average of 15 years of experience in their field. Facilitators were classified as benefiting from social support systems, personal characteristics, and social participation. Barriers were categorized into four groups, namely worsened health status, lack of a plan and retirement crisis, socioeconomic problems, and inadequate support systems. Conclusion this study considered retirement not only as a phenomenon accompanied by several psychosocial challenges but also as an opportunity for growth that various factors either facilitate or hinder. In order to promote current services, it would be helpful to consider accompanying changes and the facilitating or hindering factors of retirement adaptation. Therefore, future retirement preparation programs should consider these factors.
A TDMA approach for OFDM-based multiuser RadCom systems

This paper is focused on the multiuser implementation of fusion of radar and communication (RadCom) in internet-of-vehicles (IoV) scenarios. Traditional time-division multiple access (TDMA) technology degrades the velocity detection performance of orthogonal frequency-division multiplexing (OFDM)-based RadCom systems. We propose a new TDMA approach for OFDM-based RadCom systems, where multiuser communication and radar detection are completed synchronously. We consider a continuous-wave TDMA OFDM structure in which random user data or Zadoff-Chu (ZC) sequences are transmitted in one symbol duration to ensure detection performance. As an application of interference cancellation method, user data demodulation and environment sensing can be simultaneously accomplished by our proposed approach. We carry out numerical evaluation and show wireless communication and radar detection performance over the continuous-wave TDMA OFDM-based RadCom approach.
A Review Article: Potential Anti-cholesterol of Extract Olive Oil (Olea europaea L.)

Dyslipidemia is a risk factor that triggers the emergence of cardiovascular disease, resulting in many deaths worldwide. This review article aims to examine the anti-cholesterol potential of olive oil extract (Olea europaea L.). This study is a literature review to explore the anti-cholesterol potential of olive oil extract (Olea europaea L.). The results of this literature review show several papers that discuss the pattern of fat consumption much higher than others where subjects experience an increase in HDL levels caused by olive oil extract. In addition, increasing HDL cholesterol levels can reduce LDL and total cholesterol levels in the blood. Therefore, using Olive oil can be recommended as an ingredient to reduce the problem of dyslipidemia.
Cationised Fibre-Based Cellulose Multi-Layer Membranes for Sterile and High-Flow Bacteria Retention and Inactivation

Low-cost, readily available, or even disposable membranes in water purification or downstream biopharma processes are becoming attractive alternatives to expensive polymeric columns or filters. In this article, the potential of microfiltration membranes prepared from differently orientated viscose fibre slivers, infused with ultrafine quaternised (qCNF) and amino-hydrophobised (aCNF) cellulose nanofibrils, were investigated for capturing and deactivating the bacteria from water during vacuum filtration. The morphology and capturing mechanism of the single- and multi-layer structured membranes were evaluated using microscopic imaging and colloidal particles. They were assessed for antibacterial efficacy and the retention of selected bacterial species (Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, Micrococcus luteus), differing in the cell envelope structure, hydrodynamic biovolume (shape and size) and their clustering. The aCNF increased biocidal efficacy significantly when compared to qCNF-integrated membrane, although the latter retained bacteria equally effectively by a thicker multi-layer structured membrane. The retention of bacterial cells occurred through electrostatic and hydrophobic interactions, as well as via interfibrous pore diffusion, depending on their physicochemical properties. For all bacterial strains, the highest retention (up to 100% or log 6 reduction) at >50 L/h∗bar∗m2 flow rate was achieved with a 4-layer gradient-structured membrane containing different aCNF content, thereby matching the performance of industrial polymeric filters used for removing bacteria.
Printable tiny thermocouple by liquid metal gallium and its matching metal

Direct printing of thermocouples by the liquid metal was proposed. The fabricated temperature sensor composed of gallium and its matching metal exhibited excellent linear dependence between thermoelectric voltage and temperature within the range from 0 to 200 °C. Further, it was disclosed that liquid metals with high purity could be used for high precision thermocouples with tiny size, which were quite convenient to be used in micro channel measurement due to their fluidity in making sensors; while liquid metals with a small amount of oxides were handy for depositing on the substrate by “hand-written” style, with thin film thickness of approximately 50 μm.
Association of Mitral Regurgitation with Postoperative Atrial Fibrillation in Critically Ill Noncardiac Surgery Patients: A Prospective Cohort Study

Purpose Atrial fibrillation (AF) is common in critically ill patients and can have serious consequences. Postoperative AF (POAF) in critically ill patients following noncardiac surgery has been understudied, contrary to cardiac procedures. Mitral regurgitation (MR) is associated with left ventricular dysfunction, which might contribute to the occurrence of AF in postoperative critically ill patients. This study aimed to investigate the association between MR and POAF in critically ill noncardiac surgery patients and establish a new nomogram for the prediction of POAF in critically ill noncardiac surgery patients. Patients and Methods A prospective cohort of 2474 patients who underwent thoracic and general surgery was enrolled in this study. Data on preoperative transthoracic echocardiography (TTE), electrocardiogram (ECG), and several commonly utilized scoring systems (CHA2DS2‐VASc, HATCH, COM-AF, HART, and C2HEST) and baseline clinical data were collected. Independent predictors were selected by univariate and multivariable logistic regression analysis, and a nomogram was constructed for POAF within 7 days after postoperative intensive care unit (ICU) admission. The ability of the MR-nomogram and other scoring systems to predict POAF was compared by receiver operator characteristic (ROC) curve analysis and decision curve analysis (DCA). Additional contributions were evaluated by integrated discrimination improvement (IDI) and net reclassification improvement (NRI) analysis. Results A total of 213 (8.6%) patients developed POAF within 7 days after ICU admission. Compared to CHA2DS2‐VASc, HATCH, COM-AF, HART, and C2HEST scoring systems, MR-nomogram showed better predictive ability for POAF with an area under the ROC curve of 0.824 (95% confidence interval: 0.805–0.842, p < 0.001). The improvement of the MR-nomogram in predictive value was supported by NRI and IDI analysis. The net benefit of the MR nomogram was maximal in DCA. Conclusion MR is an independent risk factor of POAF in critically ill noncardiac surgery patients. The nomogram predicted POAF better than other scoring systems.