Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Migration and the International Labor Market 1850-1939

Preface Table of Contents Part I: Introduction 1. International Migration 1850-1939: A Survey Timothy J. Hatton and Jeffrey G. Williamson Part II: Why Did They Migrate? 2. Labor Markets, Internal and External Migration: Europe 1850-1913 Dudley Baines 3. Late-Comers to Mass Migration: The Latin Experience Timothy J. Hatton and Jeffrey G. Williamson 4. Italian Emigration in the Pre-War Period Riccardo Faini and Alessandra Venturini 5. Mass Migration to Distant Southern Shores: Argentina and Australia, 1870-1939 Alan M. Taylor Part III: How Were They Absorbed? 6. Foreign Immigration and the French Labor Force, 1896-1926 Pierre Sicsic 7. Immigration and Emigration: Canada in the Late Nineteenth Century Marvin McInnis 8. International Migration and the Evolution of Prairie Labor Markets in Canada, 1900-1930 Alan G. Green 9. Immigrants and Emigrants: International Migration and the US Labor Market in the Great Depression Henry A. GemeryPart IV: What Was Their Impact? 10 Mass Migration, Commodity Market Integration and Real Wage Convergence: the Late-Nineteenth-Century Atlantic Economy Kevin O'Rourke, Jeffrey G. Williamson and Timothy J. Hatton 11. The Impact of Emigration on Real Wages in Ireland, 1850-1914 George R. Boyer, Timothy J. Hatton and Kevin O'Rourke 12. Wage Effects of Immigration in Late-Nineteenth-Century Australia David Pope and Glenn Withers Bibliography Index
Efficient Model Order Reduction of Electrical Networks with Many Ports

Efficient Model Order Reduction of Electrical Networks with Many Ports Denis Oyaro Master of Applied Science Graduate Department of The Edward S. Rogers Sr. Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering University of Toronto 2015 Model order reduction of electrical networks plays a key role in accelerating circuit simulations. Traditional reduction methods, however, do not scale well with network size and number of ports, since they utilize dense matrix manipulations that require a lot of memory and CPU time. In addition, the obtained reduced models are dense and thus inefficient in subsequent simulations. In this thesis, we propose TurboMOR, an efficient reduction technique for RC networks with many ports. TurboMOR performs reduction efficiently by avoiding dense matrix manipulations. TurboMOR overcomes the scalability and accuracy limitations of previouslyproposed methods. TurboMOR guarantees passivity by construction and leads to sparse models that run efficiently in conventional circuit simulators.
Simple Estimators for Treatment Parameters in a Latent Variable Framework with an Application to Estimating the Returns to Schooling

This paper derives simply computed closed-form expressions for the Average Treatment Effect (ATE), the effect of Treatment on the Treated (TT), Local Average Treatment Effect (LATE) and Marginal Treatment Effect (MTE) in a latent variable framework for both normal and non-normal models. The techniques presented in the paper are applied to estimating a variety of treatment parameters capturing the returns to a college education for various populations using data from the National Longitudinal Survey of Youth (NLSY).
Understanding Working Memory Recovery following Anterior Temporal Lobe Resection

Commentary Neuropsychologic evaluation has a long and storied history in the setting of epilepsy surgery, and much has been learned about the relationship between brain structure and cognitive functions in this context (1). However, in some respects, the focus of the majority of cognitive studies in epilepsy has been restricted to a limited range of functions for many years, such as episodic declarative memory and language. Stretton et al. (2014) join in a recent movement to allow broader neuroscience findings to guide research in epilepsy, while making use of the ever-growing armamentarium of neuroimaging techniques and analyses (2–4). These researchers have been building upon fMRI studies examining working memory functions in healthy individuals, extending this research to the realm of temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE) surgery patients (5, 6). Such studies broaden our knowledge of functions that may be abnormal in this patient group or potentially at risk of decline following surgery, and enhance our understanding of the underlying mechanisms supporting these abilities. The current study extends prior work by Stretton et al. (5), which employed an fMRI task involving visual working memory to explore the neural underpinnings of this function. Working memory involves a short-term use of memory and Working Memory Network Plasticity After Anterior Temporal Lobe Resection: A Longitudinal Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging Study.
Performance Reporting by Malaysian Local Authorities: Identifying Stakeholder Needs

The concept of public accountability promotes the need for a comprehensive set of performance-related information to satisfy the information needs of a diverse stakeholder interest group. However, literature concerned with the scope of information to be disclosed, and in particular within the context of a developing country, is limited. This paper identifies the information set which stakeholders of Malaysian local authorities consider relevant in the monitoring and assessment of local authority performance. Stakeholders indicated strong interest in performance information that is not traditionally disclosed in the financial statements: non-financial information particularly performance measurement of outputs, outcomes, efficiency and effectiveness. Disclosures in the Statement of Revenue and Expenditure and forward-looking information are generally regarded as the most important disclosures. The results of the study also indicate differences amongst stakeholders as to the level of importance that they place on certain items especially items related to internal policies and governance and financial position of the local authorities. The findings will be of significance to policy makers interested in improving the performance reporting of Malaysian public sector entities, particularly local authorities.
Site-directed spin labeling of a genetically encoded unnatural amino acid

The traditional site-directed spin labeling (SDSL) method, which utilizes cysteine residues and sulfhydryl-reactive nitroxide reagents, can be challenging for proteins that contain functionally important native cysteine residues or disulfide bonds. To make SDSL amenable to any protein, we introduce an orthogonal labeling strategy, i.e., one that does not rely on any of the functional groups found in the common 20 amino acids. In this method, the genetically encoded unnatural amino acid p-acetyl-L-phenylalanine (p-AcPhe) is reacted with a hydroxylamine reagent to generate a nitroxide side chain (K1). The utility of this scheme was demonstrated with seven mutants of T4 lysozyme, each containing a single p-AcPhe at a solvent-exposed helix site; the mutants were expressed in amounts qualitatively similar to the wild-type protein. In general, the EPR spectra of the resulting K1 mutants reflect higher nitroxide mobilities than the spectra of analogous mutants containing the more constrained disulfide-linked side chain (R1) commonly used in SDSL. Despite this increased flexibility, site dependence of the EPR spectra suggests that K1 will be a useful sensor of local structure and of conformational changes in solution. Distance measurements between pairs of K1 residues using double electron electron resonance (DEER) spectroscopy indicate that K1 will also be useful for distance mapping.
The distribution of ncome in the UK and OECD countries in the twentieth century

Distributional changes are an important part of the economic history of the OECD countries over the twentieth century. In the UK, income inequality in the 1970s was substantially lower than 40 years earlier, and is now much higher than in 1979. The pattern of change in the USA has similarities to that in the UK, but other countries have exhibited significant differences. In order to explain diversity of experience over time, and differences in income inequality across countries today, we need to recognize that the distribution of income is subject to a variety of forces, affecting earnings, wealth, and income. These forces include the policy choices made by governments affecting market incomes and fiscal redistribution. What we need to explain is why in some periods a number of these forces combine to produce episodes of rising, or falling, inequality. Any single theory, such as that based on a global shift of demand away from unskilled workers, cannot provide a fully adequate, explanation.
Cultural Tourism and Sustainability in Nigeria

This study examined the impact of cultural tourism to sustainable development in Nigeria. As far back as the middle of 15th century, the world had started experiencing an up surge in travels. Throughout the cause of human history, people have travelled for the purposes of adventures, trade, religious conventions, war, economic gain and other compelling motivations. The study revealed that it is only when deliberate efforts is injected into improving cultural tourism endowment that the patronage of tourists into cultural sites can increase and invariably transform them into money – spinning tourism resorts, to ensure sustainable development. Conclusively, tourist receipts can impute on the development of the cultural sites in terms of income generation, employment generation, provision of more infrastructures to mention a few, as means for achieving improved tourism development hence, adequate sustainable development. DOI: 10.5901/mjss.2014. v5n14p649
Assessment technologies in schools: ‘deliverology’ and the ‘play of dominations’

This paper, based on ESRC‐funded research work in four case study schools, explores the ‘pressures’ to ‘deliver’ which bear upon English secondary schools in relation to GCSE performance. It further illustrates the ways in which pressure is transformed into tactics which focus on particular students, with the effect of ‘rationing’ education in the schools. Foucault’s analysis from Discipline and Punish is deployed to examine these tactics and to relate them to more general changes in the regime of techniques and ‘play of dominations’ operating in English schools.
Housing Models and Inequality: Perspectives on Recent Irish Experience

Different housing models can be identified in Europe and elsewhere, which vary in terms of the relative emphasis placed on market or non-market provision. In market-dominant models, housing is strongly commodified and geared to those with the ability to pay, while social housing is relegated to a residual role. An examination of the position in Ireland in recent years shows that housing provision has been overwhelmingly via the market, which is underpinned by tenure-biased policies and state subsidies. This is reflected in the erosion of social-housing production to low levels and the failure to provide for the housing needs of a whole range of social groups. This model has generated a number of problems, including an escalation in house prices and rents, and inequalities. While for some, the Irish housing system is an engine for wealth generation, others face increasing affordability problems in accessing housing or are excluded from housing altogether.
LQR parametrization of static output feedback gains for linear systems with Markovian switching and related robust stabilization and passification problems

The purpose of this paper is a parametric description (parametrization) of static output feedback stabililizing controllers for linear continuous-time systems with Markovian switching. The results are then applied to simultaneous stabilization, robust stabilization and passification problems. Based on these results some algorithms for computing of stabilizing gains are proposed. The approach is based on a parametrization in terms of coupled linear matrix equations and quadratic matrix inequalities which depend on parameter matrices similar to weight matrices in LQR theory. The problem is non-convex in general but using a convexifying approximation technique the algorithms are LMI-based. These are non-iterative and used computationally efficient SDP solvers.
State of Organizational Culture for Knowledge Management in Indian Industry

We are in the knowledge economy and management scholars worldwide agree that knowledge is the most critical resource today. Organizational culture is highlighted as the major reason behind failure of knowledge management initiatives. I conducted research to understand the current state of organizational culture for knowledge management in the selected sectors of software, pharmaceuticals and petroleum marketing, taking into account both macro and micro aspects in both private and public sectors. The findings are not very encouraging as they reveal that there is a lack of organizational culture for knowledge creation, sharing and dissemination which has serious implications for the competitiveness of the firms, industry and the country.
The Relationships Between Casino Quality, Image, Value, and Loyalty

This research builds on the idea that casino customers’ subjective, global judgments of service quality are shaped by experience of its specific attributes, and examines how casino customers form their evaluative attitudes toward the casino experience in the Macau context. Using the data collected from 525 Macau casino customers, we first identify four casino quality dimensions; namely, supporting facilities, staff service, diversity, and equitableness. We then test and validate a proposed model for the structural relationships between casino image (as a consequence of the four quality dimensions), value, and loyalty. In particular, value is shown to be a mediator of the relationship between image and loyalty from the perspective of casino customers. The results of our study can show Macau casino operators what constitutes customers’ casino experiences and aid them in enhancing their image, perceived value, and customer loyalty toward casinos.
An Overview of Optical-Touch Technologies

(now part of Elo TouchSystems) in the 1970s and now sold by numerous suppliers, opticaltouch systems offer many advantages when compared to other touch technologies. Many in the industry believe that, if not for two considerable drawbacks discussed below, opticaltouch technology would today be the dominant touch technology. Recent technology developments in optical-touch screens could pave the way to the renaissance of opticaltouch technology as the dominant touchscreen technology.
A low-power dynamic comparator with digital calibration for reduced offset mismatch

This paper describes a fully dynamic analog comparator with digital calibration for very low offset error. In this work, we propose an off-line calibration scheme where the offset error is quantized by successive approximation. During run-time, the offset is cancelled by a digital-to-analog converter (DAC). We further improve the robustness of this cancellation by using a redundant cell to compensate for any internal mismatch within the DAC. Simulation in 0.18 um CMOS technology shows that our scheme can reduce the offset error to less than 0.86 mVrms under 1.8 V supply. The comparator consumes 1.4 pJ, and the clock to data delay is 3.5 ns.
Cyclosporine A and NAC on the inducible nitric oxide synthase expression and nitric oxide synthesis in rat renal artery cultured cells.

BACKGROUND The immunosuppressor cyclosporine A (CsA) presents the nephrotoxicity as its major side effect that is mostly attributed to a renal vasoconstriction. This may be due to an excessive generation of vasoconstrictors like reactive oxygen species (ROS), or due to a reduction of vasodilators such as the nitric oxide, which in turn, can be caused by increased amounts of ROS. We evaluated the effect of CsA and the antioxidant N-acetylcysteine (NAC) on inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) mRNA expression and nitric oxide synthesis, in rat renal artery vascular smooth muscle cells (rVSMCs) primary culture. METHODS In cells treated during 72 hours with CsA (10 microg/mL), its vehicle (control) (10 microL/mL), Escherichia coli lipopolysaccharide (LPS) (100 microg/mL), CsA + LPS, NAC (6.13 mmol/L), or CsA + NAC, we determined the nitric oxide synthesis (Griess and chemiluminescence methods), iNOS expression [reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR)] and cell viability (acridine orange method). RESULTS In rVSMCs, LPS increased nitric oxide and iNOS expression; CsA decreased basal and LPS-induced nitric oxide and iNOS expression; NAC increased nitric oxide and blunted the nitric oxide reduction caused by CsA, with no effect on iNOS. CsA reduced cell viability. CONCLUSION In this study, CsA reduced nitric oxide synthesis in rVSMCs, both through iNOS down-regulation and reduction of cell viability, which could be responsible for the vasoconstrictive effect of the CsA. In the effect of CsA on nitric oxide, probably a role is also played by free radical production, as this effect was blunted by NAC.
Hec 1 Contributes to Mitotic Centrosomal Microtubule Growth for Proper Spindle Assembly through Interaction with Hice 1

Previous studies have stipulated Hec1 as a conserved kinetochore component critical for mitotic control in part by directly binding to kinetochore fibers of the mitotic spindle and by recruiting spindle assembly checkpoint proteins Mad1 and Mad2. Hec1 has also been reported to localize to centrosomes, but its function there has yet to be elucidated. Here, we show that Hec1 specifically colocalizes with Hice1, a previously characterized centrosomal microtubule-binding protein, at the spindle pole region during mitosis. In addition, the C-terminal region of Hec1 directly binds to the coiled-coil domain 1 of Hice1. Depletion of Hice1 by small interfering RNA (siRNA) reduced levels of Hec1 in the cell, preferentially at centrosomes and spindle pole vicinity. Reduction of de novo microtubule nucleation from mitotic centrosomes can be observed in cells treated with Hec1 or Hice1 siRNA. Consistently, neutralization of Hec1 or Hice1 by specific antibodies impaired microtubule aster formation from purified mitotic centrosomes in vitro. Last, disruption of the Hec1/Hice1 interaction by overexpressing Hice1 Coil1, a mutant defective in Hec1 interaction, elicited abnormal spindle morphology often detected in Hec1 and Hice1 deficient cells. Together, the results suggest that Hec1, through cooperation with Hice1, contributes to centrosome-directed microtubule growth to facilitate establishing a proper mitotic spindle.
International women's football and gender inequality

A number of authors have identified the determinants of international sporting performance differentials in men's sporting events. This study compares the determinants of men's international soccer team performance with that of their female counterparts and find that a partially different set of variables are important in the two contexts. While economic and demographic influences hold for both, their particular political and cultural factors diverge. These findings highlight different degrees of gender inequality among the countries in the sample in terms of the greatly different economic, political and social significance of the sport depending whether it is played by men or women.
[Analysis of the effects of gestational diabetes mellitus based on abnormal blood glucose on pregnancy outcomes].

OBJECTIVE To investigate the relationship of different types of gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) and pregnancy outcomes. METHODS A total of 4090 cases, who received prenatal examination and delivered in Peking University First Hospital and performed a 75 g oral glucose tolerance test (75 g OGTT) at 24-28 gestational weeks, from January. 1(st), 2011 to Jul 31(st), 2012 , were divided into 2 groups. Normal blood glucose group:the result of OGTT (fasting plasma glucose, 1 hour glucose and 2 hour glucose ) was normal; Gestational diabetes mellitus group (GDM group): the result of OGTT was abnormal at any time point. GDM group were separated into A, B and C. GDM A means fasting plasma glucose annormal but others were normal, GDM B:fasting plasma glucose, 1 hour and/or 2 hour glucose abnormal, GDM C:fasting plasma glucose normal. To analyse the effect of different number of abnormal result of OGTT on pregnancy outcomes, GDM group were divided into I, II and III.GDMI means one abnormal blood glucose of OGTT result, GDM II: two abnormal blood glucose and GDM III:three abnormal blood glucose. We analyzed the pregnant outcomes of each group. RESULTS (1) Among the 4090 cases, 858 cases (21.98%) were diagnosed as GDM (GDM group), and 82 cases (9.6%, 82/858) were treated with insulin.other 3232 cases with normal blood glucose (normal blood glucose group). In GDM group, the rate of cesarean section (51.9%, 445/858), premature delivery (8.4%, 72/858) and LGA (5.9%, 51/858) were respectively significantly higher than those of normal blood glucose group [ (43.5%, 1406/3232), (5.8%, 189/3232) and(4.2%, 137/3232)] (P < 0.05). But, there was no statistically significant differences for the rate of macrosomia (P > 0.05) between the GDM group(6.8%, 58/858) and normal blood glucose group (6.2%, 199/3232) . (2) In the GDM group, GDM A was 317 cases (36.9%), GDM B 239 cases (27.8%), GDM C 302 cases (35.2%). The incidence of Macrosomia and LGA in GDM B was significantly higher than that in GDM C and normal blood glucose group (P < 0.05). Comparing with GDM A , there was no statistically significance in GDM B and GDM C (P > 0.05). (3) In GDM group, GDMIwas 521 cases (60.7%), GDM II203 cases (15.6%), GDM III 134 cases (23.7%). Compared with the normal blood glucose group, GDM III had a significantly higher incidence of macrosomia and LGA and cesarean section(P < 0.01);and GDM IIhad only a significantly higher incidence of cesarean section(P < 0.01). (4) Among the 4090 cases, there were 1118 patients (27.3%) whose fasting blood glucose was below 4.4 mmol/L, of which 55 cases were diagnosed as GDM. There were 4 premature infants and 1 macrosomia. CONCLUSIONS The GDM group with more than FBG ≥ 5.1 mmol/L had a higher incidence of adverse pregnancy outcomes, it suggested that we should pay more attention and take actively intervented; the pregnant woman is not recommended for 75g OGTT detection when fasting blood glucose was below 4.4 mmol/L because of the low rate of GDM and adverse pregnancy outcomes among them.
The Optimization of the Collision Resolution Algorithm for Broadband Wireless Access Network

In this paper, we analyze the performance of the binary exponential backoff algorithm in the broadband wireless access (BWA) network. Especially, we focus on the initial backoff window for improving the performance of the BWA medium access control (MAC) protocol. To analyze the optimal initial backoff window size, we define the cost function using the system performance and calculate the optimal initial backoff window according to the number of users and the traffic characteristics