Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Student attitudes and approaches to learning Chemistry: What influences academic success?

It is not unusual for a first year Chemistry course to serve a range of purposes for a range of students with differing backgrounds & capabilities (have they taken Chemistry at Year 12 and how well did they perform? ) and trajectories (does their program of study require Chemistry at first year or are they electing to take Chemistry at first year? ). Ideally, every student taking a first year Chemistry course should (in principle) be able to achieve a satisfactory outcome regardless of their background or trajectory if the course is both well designed and well taught. The generic aim of good teaching is to engage students and encourage them to adopt a deep approach to their learning (Biggs 1999). Whether a student employs a deep approach is however dependent upon the dynamic relationship between student factors (perceptions, attitudes, preferred approach to learning etc.) and the teaching context (content being taught, teaching and assessment methods etc.); both student and teacher are responsible for the learning outcomes (Biggs 1993a; Biggs 1993b). At the commencement of their university studies, attitude towards a discipline lies initially in the hands of the commencing student and is shaped by their prior experiences in that discipline. The aim of this study is to determine whether the attitudes and approaches of first year students to learning Chemistry are reflected in their academic success. In order to investigate this, first year Chemistry students completed a survey instrument that contained items about their attitude to Chemistry (using the Attitude to the Subject of Chemistry Inventory (ASCIv2; Xu & Lewis, 2011)), their approaches to learning (using the Revised Two-Factor Study Process Questionnaire (R-SPQ-2F; Biggs, Kember & Leung, 2001)), together with a number of Likert type questions pertaining to their attitude and confidence levels. The responses to the individual items were scored according to established methods (ASCIv2: Xu, Southam & Lewis, 2012; R-SPQ-2F instrument: Hamm & Robertson, 2010) and matched to students’ individual performance on summative assessment tasks. These results will be evaluated to determine whether student attitudes and approaches to learning are influenced by their array of backgrounds and future trajectories. Correlation with academic performance will also be considered.
WWJD--What Would Jim Do? A Comparison of James Dobson's and Jim Fay's Philosophies of Parenting.

Jim Fay and James Dobson are two of America’s most visible, popular, and influential “experts” on the topics of parenting and discipline for children. Dobson is widely known for the “pro-family” political activism of Focus on The Family, the organization he founded and currently directs. He first made a name for himself as a child psychologist, whose bestselling books Dare to Discipline, The Strong-Willed Child, and Parenting Isn’t for Cowards, popularized the “biblically based” tough love approach to discipline. Dobson’s Focus on The Family radio program is currently broadcast daily on over 1,600 stations.
A ESCOLA E A TRANSIÇÃO PARA A UNIVERSIDADE: idades transacionais e o seu impacto na saúde - notas a partir do estudo HBsc / oms

A entrada na Universidade e uma epoca de transicao, onde os jovens enfrentam novos desafios (pessoais, sociais e academicos) com impacto no seu estilo de vida. Utilizando o questionario HBSC da OMS na sua versao online, inquiriram-se 3345 estudantes do 10o ano, 12o ano e universitarios, com uma media de idades de 15,9 anos (DP=0,68), 18,1 anos (DP=0,71) e 22,1 anos (DP=3,94), respetivamente. Os resultados obtidos sugerem diferentes perfis no que diz respeito ao risco e a protecao na transicao da escola para o ensino superior. Apesar de existirem alguns comportamentos que tem uma evolucao positiva com o aumento da idade e que podem ser protetores para a saude; destacam-se os comportamentos com uma evolucao negativa, como sao os relacionados com os habitos de sono, o consumo de substâncias psicoativas, e o nao uso de preservativo, sobretudo no ano anterior a entrada no ensino superior; comprometendo consequentemente a saude e o bemestar dos jovens. Esta investigacao vem reforcar a necessidade de dar maior atencao aos comportamentos de saude dos adolescentes na sua transicao para a universidade, enfatiza a importância do papel das escolas secundarias e das universidades enquanto instituicoes promotoras de saude, e demonstra a urgencia do reforco das politicas publicas neste sentido. Admission to university is considered a time of transition, in which young people face new challenges (personal, social and academic) which may cause impact in their lifestyle. An online version of the questionnaire HBSC/WHO was administered to 3 345 students enrolled in 10th grade, 12th grade, and university, with an average age of 15.9 years (SD = 0.68), 18.1 years (SD = 0.71) and 22.1 years (SD = 3.94), respectively. Results suggest different profiles with regard to risk and protection in the transition from high school to university. Although there are some behaviors that follow a positive trend with the increase in age and that can be protective for health; the majority of behaviors follow a negative trend, such as those related to sleeping habits, consumption of psychoactive substances, and the lack of condom use, especially in the year before admission to university, thus compromising the health and well-being of young people. This research reinforces the need for greater attention to health behaviors of adolescents that are enrolling in university, emphasizes the importance of both high schools and universities as institutions that can promote health, and demonstrates the urgency of reinforcing public policies in this matter. Palavras-chave / Keywords Saude, Bem-estar, Escola, Universidade, Adolescentes, Jovens. Health, Well-being, School, University, Adolescents, Young people.
Design methodology of resonant inductor in a ZVS inverter

In a zero-voltage switching (ZVS) inverter, the resonant inductor is applied to realize soft-switching aimed at dynamic loss reduction. For this purpose, the loss on the resonant inductor should be low enough to ensure a distinct loss decrease for the total system. ZVS inverters usually operate at higher frequency than hard-switching inverters to allow sizing reduction of passive components. From this aspect, the resonant inductor in a relatively small dimension is required to guarantee the compactness of the whole inverter. This paper introduces a methodology incorporating new design rules for optimization and miniaturization of the resonant inductor in a ZVS inverter. High frequency winding losses as well as core loss generated by non-sinusoidal waveforms are discussed in this paper. Different winding schemes and positions are compared in order to find a design with minimized power dissipation. Finite Element Analysis (FEA) results show that the inductor designed by this method has minimum losses and optimum size.
A novel GTP-binding protein, Sar1p, is involved in transport from the endoplasmic reticulum to the Golgi apparatus

SAR1, a gene that has been isolated as a multicopy suppressor of the yeast ER-Golgi transport mutant sec12, encodes a novel GTP-binding protein. Its nucleotide sequence predicts a 21-kD polypeptide that contains amino acid sequences highly homologous to GTP-binding domains of many ras-related proteins. Gene disruption experiments show that SAR1 is essential for cell growth. To test its function further, SAR1 has been placed under control of the GAL1 promoter and introduced into a haploid cell that had its chromosomal SAR1 copy disrupted. This mutant grows normally in galactose medium but arrests growth 12-15 h after transfer to glucose medium. At the same time, mutant cells accumulate ER precursor forms of a secretory pheromone, alpha-mating factor, and a vacuolar enzyme, carboxypeptidase Y. We propose that Sec12p and Sarlp collaborate in directing ER-Golgi protein transport.
GABAergic feedback signaling into the calyces of the mushroom bodies enables olfactory reversal learning in honey bees

In reversal learning, subjects first learn to respond to a reinforced stimulus A and not to a non-reinforced stimulus B (A+ vs. B−) and then have to learn the opposite when stimulus contingencies are reversed (A− vs. B+). This change in stimulus valence generates a transitory ambiguity at the level of stimulus outcome that needs to be overcome to solve the second discrimination. Honey bees (Apis mellifera) efficiently master reversal learning in the olfactory domain. The mushroom bodies (MBs), higher-order structures of the insect brain, are required to solve this task. Here we aimed at uncovering the neural circuits facilitating reversal learning in honey bees. We trained bees using the olfactory conditioning of the proboscis extension reflex (PER) coupled with localized pharmacological inhibition of Gamma-AminoButyric Acid (GABA)ergic signaling in the MBs. We show that inhibition of ionotropic but not metabotropic GABAergic signaling into the MB calyces impairs reversal learning, but leaves intact the capacity to perform two consecutive elemental olfactory discriminations with ambiguity of stimulus valence. On the contrary, inhibition of ionotropic GABAergic signaling into the MB lobes had no effect on reversal learning. Our results are thus consistent with a specific requirement of the feedback neurons (FNs) providing ionotropic GABAergic signaling from the MB lobes to the calyces for counteracting ambiguity of stimulus valence in reversal learning.
Controlling Restricted Random Testing: An Examination of the Exclusion Ratio Parameter

In Restricted Random Testing (RRT), the main con­ trol parameter is the Target Exclusion Ratio (R), the proportion of the input domain to be excluded from test case generation at each iteration. Empir­ ical investigations have consistent�v indicated that best failure-finding performance is achieved when the value for the Target Exclusion Ratio is max­ imised, i.e. close to 100%. This paper explains an algorithm to calculate the Actual Exclusion Ra­ tio for RRT, and applies the algorithm to several simulations, confirming that previous empirically determined values for the Max.irnum Target Exclu­ sion Ratio do give Actual Exclusion Ratios close to 100%. Previously observed trends of improvement in failure-finding efficiency ofRRT corresponding to increases in Target Exclusion Ratios are also identified for Actual Exclusion Ratios.
Polar-Coded Modulation

A framework is proposed that allows for a joint description and optimization of both binary polar coding and 2m-ary digital pulse-amplitude modulation (PAM) schemes. For the latter, the multilevel coding (MLC) approach as well as bit-interleaved coded modulation (BICM) are considered. The conceptual equivalence of polar coding and multilevel coding is covered in detail. Based on an alternative characterization of the channel polarization phenomenon, rules for the optimum choice of the labeling in coded modulation schemes employing polar codes are developed. Simulation results regarding the error performance of the proposed schemes on the AWGN channel are included.
Immediate and Remote Prognostic Significance of Fascicular Block during Acute Myocardial Infarction

The electrocardiograms of 538 patients with acute myocardial infarction were searched to identify all instances of atrioventricular (A-V) and intraventricular (I-V) conduction disturbances. Data concerning mode of therapy and clinical complications were obtained by review of the record. These variables were then analyzed for significance in relation to the development of type II A-V block acutely and syncope or sudden death during the first year of follow-up.The most accurate predictor for both these events was the status of A-V conduction in combination with the status of I-V conduction. At highest risk (50%) for type II progression were patients with acute adjacent fascicular block plus P-R prolongation, i.e., left anterior hemiblock plus right bundle-branch block (RBBB), or left bundle-branch block (LBBB), or patients with acute nonadjacent fascicular block, i.e., RBBB plus left posterior hemiblock or alternating bundle-branch block. The nonpaced survivors from this same group, plus any other patients with transient type II progression, were also at high risk (45%) for syncope or sudden death in follow-up. No syncope or sudden death has occurred in seven patients with type II progression discharged with a pacemaker. All other patients were at lower risk for these acute and chronic complications.Thus, the electrocardiogram in acute myocardial infarction can identify a high-risk group for acute type II progression in whom prophylactic pacer insertion may be beneficial. Similarly, the electrocardiogram can identify a high-risk group for syncope or sudden death in follow-up and implicates progression to higher degrees of A-V block as an important pathophysiologic mechanism.The possible role of permanent pacemaker therapy in preventing syncope or sudden death in this high-risk group is also suggested.
Replacement cycles, income distribution and dynamic price discrimination

This article analyses how income distribution, Intellectual Property Rights and other regulatory policies such as minimum quality standards determine pricing strategies in a dynamic context where a monopolist periodically introduces new generations or upgrades of a durable good. Discrimination through quality and screening in this article takes place in a context where consumers buy several versions of the durable good during their lifetime, instead of a single version as in Inderst’s (2008) or Koh’s (2006). It also differs from Glass (2001) in that an equilibrium may emerge in which different consumer types replace their durable generations with different frequencies. Our modelling is motivated by stylized facts from the last Brazilian POF (household budget survey).
Management of Ovarian Endometrioma

The optimal conservative treatment for endometriotic cysts is unclear, particularly when treated laparoscopically. We performed a systematic analysis of the published literature on ovarian endometrioma especially focused on comparing laparoscopic cystectomy with laparoscopic drainage and coagulation of the cyst with regard to evaluating advantage and disadvantage of each method. We observed that cystectomy was superior in terms of risk of recurrent symptoms, cyst, reoperation, pregnancy: this was true in both prospective and retrospective studies previously published. Given the evidence available, excision of cyst wall in endometrioma is strongly recommended especially in infertile patients.
Effect of Magnetic Property in Bridge Area of IPM Motors on Torque Characteristics

This paper investigates the deterioration effect of magnetic properties on the performance of an interior permanent magnet synchronous motor (IPMSM). It is well known that the magnetic property of an electrical steel sheet is deteriorated by stress, which results in a decrease in efficiency of electric machines in general. In this paper, by making good use of the deterioration of magnetic properties, the performance improvement of IPMSMs due to the reduction of leakage flux in a rotor is examined. As a result, it is verified that cogging torque can be decreased by half by deteriorating magnetic property in bridge area in a rotor without reducing average torque and increasing iron loss at load condition.
Visual performance after excimer laser photorefractive keratectomy for high myopia

Purpose: To evaluate the efficacy, safety, predictability, and visual performance of excimer laser photorefractive keratectomy (PRK) for myopia greater than −8 diopters (D). Methods: Fifty-four patients (104 eyes) with myopia from −8D to −13D and cylinder up to −4D received surface ablation technique with the Allegretto wave version 1009-1 excimer laser to correct their refractive error. The patients were examined on days 1, 3, 7, and 14 and 1, 3, 6, and 12 months postoperatively. Visual acuity, manifest refraction, corneal haze, topography, intraocular pressure, contrast sensitivity, and wavefront aberration were evaluated. Results: Twelve months postoperatively, 95% of eyes were within 1D of the intended correction. In addition, 94% of eyes had attained uncorrected distance visual acuity of 20/25 or better, and 98% of eyes had improved or remained their corrected distance visual acuity. All eyes exhibited barely detectable corneal haze which peaked during the 1st month with a gradual reduction in the 3rd month. Ninety-five percent of patients had no or only mild degree of night glare. Conclusions: Excimer laser PRK is an effective and predictive treatment for high myopia greater than −8D with or without astigmatism up to −4D. The incidence of complication is low. All patients who are candidates for laser in situ keratomileusis can be candidates for surface ablation, especially those with preoperative thinner cornea or higher risk of corneal flap complications.
Nontrivial landmark recommendation using geotagged photos

Online photo-sharing sites provide a wealth of information about user behavior and their potential is increasing as it becomes ever-more common for images to be associated with location information in the form of geotags. In this article, we propose a novel approach that exploits geotagged images from an online community for the purpose of personalized landmark recommendation. Under our formulation of the task, recommended landmarks should be relevant to user interests and additionally they should constitute nontrivial recommendations. In other words, recommendations of landmarks that are highly popular and frequently visited and can be easily discovered through other information sources such as travel guides should be avoided in favor of recommendations that relate to users' personal interests. We propose a collaborative filtering approach to the personalized landmark recommendation task within a matrix factorization framework. Our approach, WMF-CR, combines weighted matrix factorization and category-based regularization. The integrated weights emphasize the contribution of nontrivial landmarks in order to focus the recommendation model specifically on the generation of nontrivial recommendations. They support the judicious elimination of trivial landmarks from consideration without also discarding information valuable for recommendation. Category-based regularization addresses the sparse data problem, which is arguably even greater in the case of our landmark recommendation task than in other recommendation scenarios due to the limited amount of travel experience recorded in the online image set of any given user. We use category information extracted from Wikipedia in order to provide the system with a method to generalize the semantics of landmarks and allow the model to relate them not only on the basis of identity, but also on the basis of topical commonality. The proposed approach is computational scalable, that is, its complexity is linear with the number of observed preferences in the user-landmark preference matrix and the number of nonzero similarities in the category-based landmark similarity matrix. We evaluate the approach on a large collection of geotagged photos gathered from Flickr. Our experimental results demonstrate that WMF-CR outperforms several state-of-the-art baseline approaches in recommending nontrivial landmarks. Additionally, they demonstrate that the approach is well suited for addressing data sparseness and provides particular performance improvement in the case of users who have limited travel experience, that is, have visited only few cities or few landmarks.
Development of nitrergic neurons in the nervous system of the locust embryo

We followed the development of the nitric oxide‐cyclic guanosine monophosphate (NO‐cGMP) system during locust embryogenesis in whole mount nervous systems and brain sections by using various cytochemical techniques. We visualized NO‐sensitive neurons by cGMP immunofluorescence after incubation with an NO donor in the presence of the soluble guanylyl cyclase (sGC) activator YC‐1 and the phosphodiesterase‐inhibitor isobutyl‐methyl‐xanthine (IBMX). Central nervous system (CNS) cells respond to NO as early as 38% embryogenesis. By using the NADPH‐diaphorase technique, we identified somata and neurites of possible NO‐synthesizing cells in the CNS. The first NADPH‐diaphorase‐positive cell bodies appear around 40% embryogenesis in the brain and at 47% in the ventral nerve cord. The number of positive cells reaches the full complement of adult cells at 80%. In the brain, some structures, e.g., the mushroom bodies acquire NADPH‐diaphorase staining only postembryonically. Immunolocalization of L‐citrulline confirmed the presence of NOS in NADPH‐diaphorase‐stained neurons and, in addition, indicated enzymatic activity in vivo. In whole mount ventral nerve cords, citrulline immunolabeling was present in varying subsets of NADPH‐diaphorase‐positive cells, but staining was very variable and often weak. However, in a regeneration paradigm in which one of the two connectives between ganglia had been crushed, strong, reliable staining was observed as early as 60% embryogenesis. Thus, citrulline immunolabeling appears to reflect specific activity of NOS. However, in younger embryos, NOS may not always be constitutively active or may be so at a very low level, below the citrulline antibody detection threshold. For the CNS, histochemical markers for NOS do not provide conclusive evidence for a developmental role of this enzyme. J. Comp. Neurol. 518:1157–1175, 2010. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Clinical and economic studies of eptifibatide in coronary stenting

Platelet adhesion and aggregation at the site of coronary stenting can have catastrophic clinical and economic consequences. Therefore, effective platelet inhibition is vital during and after percutaneous coronary intervention. Eptifibatide is an intravenous antiplatelet agent that blocks the final common pathway of platelet aggregation and thrombus formation by binding to glycoprotein IIb/IIIa receptors on the surface of platelets. In clinical studies, eptifibatide was associated with a significant reduction of mortality, myocardial infarction, or target vessel revascularization in patients with acute coronary syndrome undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention. However, recent trials conducted in the era of dual antiplatelet therapy and newer anticoagulants failed to demonstrate similar results. The previously seen favorable benefit of eptifibatide was mainly offset by the increased risk of bleeding. Current American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association guidelines recommend its use as an adjunct in high-risk patients who are undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention with traditional anticoagulants (heparin or enoxaparin), who are not otherwise at high risk of bleeding. In patients receiving bivalirudin (a newer safer anticoagulant), routine use of eptifibatide is discouraged except in select situations (eg, angiographic complications). Although older pharmacoeconomic studies favor eptifibatide, in the current era of P2Y12 inhibitors and newer safer anticoagulants, the increased costs associated with bleeding make the routine use of eptifibatide an economically nonviable option. The cost-effectiveness of eptifibatide with the use of strategies that decrease the bleeding risk (eg, transradial access) is unknown. This review provides an overview of key clinical and economic studies of eptifibatide well into the current era of potent antiplatelet agents, novel safer anticoagulants, and contemporary percutaneous coronary intervention.