Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Verifiable digital object identity system

Identification is a two part system comprising of a token or label (an identifier) that can be used to reference an entity and a process that can be used to create label-entity associations and verify that the reference and entity belong together. There are a number of identity systems for digital objects that provide identifiers (such as the Handle system, the DOI and URIs). However none of these systems provide verification services. The primary application for our proposed system is in a DRM system, where it is necessary to correctly match users' use licenses to the digital objects covered by the use licenses. In such a case, incorrect associations are effectively failures of the system, and could have wide ranging legal and economic impact, depending on the nature of the protected data.In this paper we present an identity system for digital objects that support verification and the related details such as the identifier format, the verification process as well as a protocol to create identifiers for digital objects.
TO DROUGHT AND STRESS TOLERANCE

In the natural environment plants are well adapted to minimize damages which only occurs under extreme conditions. In the frame of “physiological window” mild drought induces in plants regulation of water loss and uptake allowing maintenance of their leaf relative water content within the limits where the photosynthetic capacity shows no or little changes. But severe drought induces in plants unfavourable changes leading to inhibition of photosynthesis and growth. The most severe drought stress is desiccation. On the basis of presence or absence of bulk water, the mechanisms of protection are different. While the mechanisms conferring drought tolerance are mainly based on structural stabilization by preferential hydration, desiccation tolerance mechanisms are based on the replacement of water by molecules that form hydrogen bonds. The roles of stomatal and non-stomatal limitation, the behaviour of PS2, specific proteins and Rubisco, lipids and sugars, as well as mechanisms of acclimation and stress tolerance in droughted plants are discussed.
Concurrent C: A programming language for distributed multiprocessor systems

Recent advances in hardware technology have made the construction of multiprocessor systems economically feasible. This paper describes a new programming language (Concurrent C) suitable for distributed systems which are networks of loosely connected processors, each with its own local storage. Concurrent C is the extended version of the programming language C, incorporating features for parallel processing and interprocess communications.
Overcoming Barriers and Promoting the Use of Research in Practice

Objectives To identify changes in nurse attitudes toward research utilization and the organization's research environment preimplementation and postimplementation of a multifaceted intervention to promote the use of research in practice. Background Nursing practice based on research evidence has been shown to promote positive patient outcomes. Personal characteristics such as positive attitudes and involvement have been positively correlated with research utilization. Organizational culture is a determinant of nurses' use of research in practice. Healthcare organizations must develop a supportive environment in an effort to attract nurses who share a similar philosophy to positively influence the organization's research culture and ultimately the care patients receive. Methods A descriptive, cross-sectional, presurvey and postsurvey design was used to identify inpatient nurses' personal and professional characteristics, perceptions of organizational culture, and the effectiveness of organizational strategies. Baseline and post implementation data were collected using the BARRIERS to Research Utilization Scale and the Research Factor Questionnaire. Results There was improvement in nurses' perception of barriers and organizational culture postimplementation of the multifaceted intervention. Journal club participation was one of the key strategies that facilitated research utilization. Conclusions Moving research findings into practice is important for the nursing profession. Barriers to the use of research findings in practice must be modified. A dialogue between administration and staff about how to remove the barriers is critical.
Maternal intake of sugar during pregnancy and childhood respiratory and atopic outcomes

The possible role of maternal consumption of free sugar during pregnancy in the inception of respiratory and atopic diseases has not been studied. We aimed to study the relationship between maternal intake of free sugar during pregnancy and respiratory and atopic outcomes in the offspring in a population-based birth cohort, the Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children. We analysed associations between maternal intake of free sugar in pregnancy (estimated by a food frequency questionnaire), and current doctor-diagnosed asthma, wheezing, hay fever, eczema, atopy, serum total IgE and lung function in children aged 7–9 years (n=8956 with information on maternal diet in pregnancy and at least one outcome of interest). After controlling for potential confounders, maternal intake of free sugar was positively associated with atopy (OR for highest versus lowest quintile of sugar intake 1.38, 95% CI 1.06–1.78; per quintile p-trend=0.006) and atopic asthma (OR 2.01, 95% CI 1.23–3.29; per quintile p-trend=0.004). These associations were not confounded by intake of sugar in early childhood, which was unrelated to these outcomes. Our results suggest that a higher maternal intake of free sugar during pregnancy is associated with an increased risk of atopy and atopic asthma in the offspring, independently of sugar intake in early childhood. Higher maternal intake of sugar in pregnancy may increase the risk of allergy and allergic asthma in the offspring http://ow.ly/zehc30bFswP
How Research Helped Us To Move From Awareness to Action and Then to Systems Development

Abstract How can an organisation move from awareness raising, in the form of natural history poster production, to the development of systems that change organisations? Through close integration of research and practice, the Gould League has achieved this transformation. It began with extensive research into best practice environmental education, going beyond the traditional boundaries of environmental education to areas that included the psychology of culture change, business management, systems thinking, governance, drug education, marketing and organisational psychology. This broad approach to research has led to the development of highly effective sustainability education programs, such as Waste Wise Schools and Sustainable Schools. The Waste Wise Schools Program, funded by EcoRecycle Victoria and managed in consultation with the Gould League, is an action-based waste education program. Originating in Victoria in 1998, it has been adopted by over a third of Victorian schools and has led to widespread outcomes, including waste reductions of up to 95%. There is strong evidence from surveys that this program is sustainable in schools over time and research confirms that the program is contributing to changes in the waste-wise thinking and behaviour of the families of the children at these schools. A model for culture change in schools, based on the experiences of the Waste Wise Schools Program, has also been developed. This model, a valuable tool in the continual improvement of Waste Wise Schools, has applications to sustainability education in general.
A Fast Object Detection Method with Rotation Invariant Features

Based on the combined shape feature and texture feature, a fast object detection method with rotation invariant features is proposed in this paper. A quick template matching scheme based online learning designed for online applications is also introduced in this paper. The experimental results have shown that the proposed approach has the features of lower computation complexity and higher detection rate, while keeping almost the same performance compared to the HOG-based method, and can be more suitable for run time applications. Keywords—gradient feature, online learning, rotation invariance, template feature
Contribution of the Mycobacterium tuberculosis MmpL Protein Family to Virulence and Drug Resistance

ABSTRACT The genome sequence of Mycobacterium tuberculosis revealed the presence of 12 membrane proteins proposed to have a function in the transport of lipids. Insertional inactivation of 11 of these has revealed that only 1 (MmpL3) is apparently essential for viability. Five of these proteins are conserved within the genome of Mycobacterium leprae. The drug susceptibilities of these 11 mutants to a broad spectrum of agents are unaltered, suggesting that unlike their function in other organisms, these proteins do not play a significant role in intrinsic drug resistance. Each of these mutants was assessed for growth kinetics and lethality in a murine low-dose aerosol model of tuberculosis, and four were found to be impaired in one or both measures of virulence. Two of these, with mutations of MmpL4 and the previously characterized MmpL7, which transports phthiocerol dimycocerosate, were found to have both impaired growth kinetics and impaired lethality. Mutants with inactivation of MmpL8, which transports a precursor of the sulfatides, or MmpL11, which transports an unknown substrate, were found to establish infection normally but to be significantly attenuated for lethality in time-to-death studies. These studies support the concept that MmpL-mediated lipid secretion both contributes to the innate ability of the pathogen to survive intracellularly and also contributes directly to the host-pathogen dialogue that determines the ultimate outcome of infection.
Learning from picture books: Infants’ use of naming information

The present study investigated whether naming would facilitate infants’ transfer of information from picture books to the real world. Eighteen- and 21-month-olds learned a novel label for a novel object depicted in a picture book. Infants then saw a second picture book in which an adult demonstrated how to elicit the object’s non-obvious property. Accompanying narration described the pictures using the object’s newly learnt label. Infants were subsequently tested with the real-world object depicted in the book, as well as a different-color exemplar. Infants’ performance on the test trials was compared with that of infants in a no label condition. When presented with the exact object depicted in the picture book, 21-month-olds were significantly more likely to attempt to elicit the object’s non-obvious property than were 18-month-olds. Learning the object’s label before learning about the object’s hidden property did not improve 18-month-olds’ performance. At 21-months, the number of infants in the label condition who attempted to elicit the real-world object’s non-obvious property was greater than would be predicted by chance, but the number of infants in the no label condition was not. Neither age group nor label condition predicted test performance for the different-color exemplar. The findings are discussed in relation to infants’ learning and transfer from picture books.
Osteonecrosis of the Knee After Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction

Background: Anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) reconstruction is performed commonly, with a low risk of complication. Osteonecrosis of the knee is a potentially devastating condition and has been observed both spontaneously and after meniscectomy, although osteonecrosis has not been described as a complication after ACL reconstruction. Purpose: To describe the development of osteonecrosis of the knee in 5 patients after arthroscopic ACL reconstruction. Study Design: Case series; Level of evidence, 4. Methods: This study involved 5 patients (mean age, 33.2 years) who developed osteonecrosis of the knee after ACL reconstruction. A retrospective chart review was performed to identify clinical characteristics and surgical factors present in each of the 5 cases. Results: In 4 cases, the pathologic changes were present in both the medial and lateral femoral condyles, with isolated lateral condyle changes in the other case. The mean time to diagnosis was 11.6 months. These patients underwent an average of 1.8 additional surgical procedures after the diagnosis of osteonecrosis. Conclusion: Osteonecrosis of the knee is a rare outcome after ACL reconstruction. We are unable to identify clear risk factors for the development of this complication, although we hope the presentation of these cases will help promote the identification of other cases in future studies.
Network Exchange Patterns in Online Communities

Large-scale online communities rely on computer-mediated communication between participants, enabling them to sustain interactions and exchange on a scale hitherto unknown. Yet little research has focused on how these online communities sustain themselves and how their interactions are structured. In this paper, we theorize and empirically measure the network exchange patterns of long-duration sustainable online communities. We propose that participation dynamics follow specific forms of social exchange: direct reciprocity, indirect reciprocity, and preferential attachment. We integrate diverse findings about individual participation motivations by identifying how individual behavior manifests in network-level structures of online communities. We studied five online communities over 27 months and analyzed 38,483 interactions using exponential random graph (p*) models and mixed-effects analysis of covariance. In a test of competing models, we found that network exchange patterns in online community communication networks are characterized by direct reciprocity and indirect reciprocity patterns and, surprisingly, a tendency away from preferential attachment. Our findings undermine previous explanations that online exchange follows a power law distribution based on people wanting to connect to “popular” others in online communities. Our work contributes to theories of new organizational forms by identifying network exchange patterns that regulate participation and sustain online communities.
Stomatal responses to humidity in selected conifers.

Stomatal response to changes in leaf-to-air water vapor pressure difference (D) was studied in needles of the current year's shoot of three-year-old seedlings of Picea sitchensis (Bong.) Carr. , Pinus contorta Dougl. ex Loud. , Larix x eurolepis Henry, and Pinus sylvestris L. Both eight-week- and ten-month-old shoots of P. sylvestris were studied. Stomata of all the species responded by closing to some degree as D was increased over the range 0.4-2.0 kPa. Ten-month-old shoots of P. sylvestris showed the smallest reduction (7.5%), and shoots of P. sitchensis the largest reduction (64.6%) in stomatal conductance. However, in no species was stomatal closure sufficient to cause a reduction in transpiration (E) as D increased. Net photosynthesis (A) declined linearly as D was increased and as a result the ratio of E/A increased linearly in all species. Only the stomata of P. contorta and L. x eurolepis behaved in an 'optimal' way, i.e., estimated values of dEdA were approximately constant as D increased. For P. sylvestris, shoots of both ages, dE/dA increased markedly with D, whereas in P. sitchensis it declined. Explanation of these data does not require a mechanism of stomatal closure involving a site that senses the vapor pressure deficit outside the leaf. However, it is unlikely that a simple 'feedback' response involving bulk leaf water potential can explain the responses measured because changes in needle water potential were less than 0.1 MPa during an experiment.
Semantic Enhancement : The Key to Massive and Heterogeneous Data Pools

This paper surveys various semantic enhancement approaches and techniques in order to answer on demands of today’s massive and heterogeneous, Web-based Content Management Systems (CMS). Furthermore, this paper transfers results and shares our experiences in field gained through the development of the Interactive Knowledg e Stack (IKS) (the EU FP7 IKS project), more specific ally development of its subproject called the Apache Stanbol. Recently, we decided to make a step furthe r and to provide integration of the IKS technology st ack with our newly implemented Linked Media Framework (LMF) that stores and retrieves content and metadat for media resources and resource fragments in a uni fied way. Hence, this paper, discusses the initial integ ration points between the Apache Stanbol and the LMF, as well as the benefits they could gain from each othe r.
A Kinase Inhibitor Screen Reveals Protein Kinase C-dependent Endocytic Recycling of ErbB2 in Breast Cancer Cells*

Background: Molecular regulation of breast cancer oncogene ErbB2 is relatively unclear. Results: An imaging-based screen identified PKC-dependent movement of ErbB2 from cell surface into an intracellular signaling compartment. Conclusion: PKC-α and -δ are novel regulators of ErbB2 entry into a special compartment where unique oncogenic signals may originate. Significance: PKC targeting may improve therapy against certain breast cancers. ErbB2 overexpression drives oncogenesis in 20–30% cases of breast cancer. Oncogenic potential of ErbB2 is linked to inefficient endocytic traffic into lysosomes and preferential recycling. However, regulation of ErbB2 recycling is incompletely understood. We used a high-content immunofluorescence imaging-based kinase inhibitor screen on SKBR-3 breast cancer cells to identify kinases whose inhibition alters the clearance of cell surface ErbB2 induced by Hsp90 inhibitor 17-AAG. Less ErbB2 clearance was observed with broad-spectrum PKC inhibitor Ro 31-8220. A similar effect was observed with Go 6976, a selective inhibitor of classical Ca2+-dependent PKCs (α, β1, βII, and γ). PKC activation by PMA promoted surface ErbB2 clearance but without degradation, and ErbB2 was observed to move into a juxtanuclear compartment where it colocalized with PKC-α and PKC-δ together with the endocytic recycling regulator Arf6. PKC-α knockdown impaired the juxtanuclear localization of ErbB2. ErbB2 transit to the recycling compartment was also impaired upon PKC-δ knockdown. PMA-induced Erk phosphorylation was reduced by ErbB2 inhibitor lapatinib, as well as by knockdown of PKC-δ but not that of PKC-α. Our results suggest that activation of PKC-α and -δ mediates a novel positive feedback loop by promoting ErbB2 entry into the endocytic recycling compartment, consistent with reported positive roles for these PKCs in ErbB2-mediated tumorigenesis. As the endocytic recycling compartment/pericentrion has emerged as a PKC-dependent signaling hub for G-protein-coupled receptors, our findings raise the possibility that oncogenesis by ErbB2 involves previously unexplored PKC-dependent endosomal signaling.
Interval Graphs: Canonical Representations in Logspace

We present a logspace algorithm for computing a canonical labeling, in fact, a canonical interval representation, for interval graphs. To achieve this, we compute canonical interval representations of interval hypergraphs. This approach also yields a canonical labeling of convex graphs. As a consequence, the isomorphism and automorphism problems for these graph classes are solvable in logspace. For proper interval graphs we also design logspace algorithms computing their canonical representations by proper and by unit interval systems.
Stego on FPGA: An IWT Approach

A reconfigurable hardware architecture for the implementation of integer wavelet transform (IWT) based adaptive random image steganography algorithm is proposed. The Haar-IWT was used to separate the subbands namely, LL, LH, HL, and HH, from 8 × 8 pixel blocks and the encrypted secret data is hidden in the LH, HL, and HH blocks using Moore and Hilbert space filling curve (SFC) scan patterns. Either Moore or Hilbert SFC was chosen for hiding the encrypted data in LH, HL, and HH coefficients, whichever produces the lowest mean square error (MSE) and the highest peak signal-to-noise ratio (PSNR). The fixated random walk's verdict of all blocks is registered which is nothing but the furtive key. Our system took 1.6 µs for embedding the data in coefficient blocks and consumed 34% of the logic elements, 22% of the dedicated logic register, and 2% of the embedded multiplier on Cyclone II field programmable gate array (FPGA).
Allele-dependent Similarity between Viral and Self-peptide Presentation by HLA-B27 Subtypes*

Molecular mimicry is discussed as a possible mechanism that may contribute to the development of autoimmune diseases. It could also be involved in the differential association of the human major histocompatibility subtypes HLA-B*2705 and HLA-B*2709 with ankylosing spondylitis. These two subtypes differ only in residue 116 of the heavy chain (Asp in B*2705 and His in B*2709), but the reason for the differential disease association is not understood. Using x-ray crystallography, we show here that the viral peptide pLMP2 (RRRWRRLTV, derived from latent membrane protein 2 (residues 236–244) of Epstein-Barr virus) is presented by the B*2705 and B*2709 molecules in two drastically deviating conformations. Extensive structural similarity between pLMP2 and the self-peptide pVIPR (RRKWRRWHL, derived from vasoactive intestinal peptide type 1 receptor (residues 400–408)) is observed only when the peptides are presented by B*2705 because of a salt bridge between Arg5 of both peptides and the subtype-specific heavy chain residue Asp116. Combined with functional studies using pLMP2/pVIPR-cross-reactive cytotoxic T cell lines and clones, together with target cells presenting these peptides or a modified peptide analogue, our results reveal that a pathogen-derived peptide can exhibit major histocompatibility complex class I subtype-dependent, drastically distinct binding modes. Furthermore, the results demonstrate that molecular mimicry between pLMP2 and pVIPR in the HLA-B27 context is an allele-dependent property.
Online learning in Markov decision processes with arbitrarily changing rewards and transitions

We consider decision-making problems in Markov decision processes where both the rewards and the transition probabilities vary in an arbitrary (e.g., non-stationary) fashion. We present algorithms that combine online learning and robust control, and establish guarantees on their performance evaluated in retrospect against alternative policies—i.e., their regret. These guarantees depend critically on the range of uncertainty in the transition probabilities, but hold regardless of the changes in rewards and transition probabilities over time. We present a version of the main algorithm in the setting where the decision-maker's observations are limited to its trajectory, and another version that allows a trade-off between performance and computational complexity.
Learning and Solving Many-Player Games through a Cluster-Based Representation

In addressing the challenge of exponential scaling with the number of agents we adopt a cluster-based representation to approximately solve asymmetric games of very many players. A cluster groups together agents with a similar "strategic view" of the game. We learn the clustered approximation from data consisting of strategy profiles and payoffs, which may be obtained from observations of play or access to a simulator. Using our clustering we construct a reduced "twins" game in which each cluster is associated with two players of the reduced game. This allows our representation to be individually-responsive because we align the interests of every individual agent with the strategy of its cluster. Our approach provides agents with higher payoffs and lower regret on average than model-free methods as well as previous cluster-based methods, and requires only few observations for learning to be successful. The "twins" approach is shown to be an important component of providing these low regret approximations.