Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Metabolic properties of IgG subclasses in man.

Metabolic properties of the four subclasses of human IgG were investigated by performing 47 turnover studies in individuals with normal IgG serum concentrations, as well as in patients with an increased level of one of the subclasses. Studies in 12 subjects with normal IgG serum concentration showed that the average biologic half-life of G(1), G(2), and G(4) was 21 days, while that of G(3) was only 7.1 days. Fractional catabolic rates of G(1), G(2), and G(4) were 6.9 to 8% of the intravascular pool per day. G(3), however, had a higher fractional catabolic rate, amounting to 16.8% of the intravascular pool per day. Distribution of the subclasses was such that the intravascular compartment contained 51-54% of the total body pools of G(1), G(2), and G(4), but 64% of the total body pool of G(3). The short survival and high fractional catabolic rate of G(3) is an inherent property of these molecules, and is not due to denaturation during isolation and radiolabeling. This was demonstrated by studies of a patient with a serum G(3)-myeloma protein. The survival of her own protein, separately labeled either in vivo with guanidoarginine-(14)C or in vitro with (125)I, was determined in the patient. Survivals of the in vivo and in vitro labeled proteins were identical.G(1) and G(3) serum concentrations and synthetic rates were determined. The mean serum concentration of G(1) was 6.8 mg/ml and that of G(3) was 0.7 mg/ml, while their synthetic rates were 25.4 and 3.4 mg/kg per day respectively. The low serum concentration of IgG(2) thus results from a combination of high catabolic and low synthetic rates. Studies in 10 patients with multiple myeloma showed that an elevated serum concentration of any IgG subclass was associated with shortened biologic half-life and increased fractional catabolic rate of all subclasses. The implications of this concentration-catabolism relationship are discussed. The serum concentration of nonmyeloma IgG was usually low in myeloma patients and the synthesis of nonmyeloma IgG was somewhat decreased, suggesting that low serum concentrations of nonmyeloma IgG result from decreased synthesis, as well as from an increased fractional catabolic rate.
How High-Functioning Children with Autism Understand Real and Deceptive Emotion

Autism is associated with problems in understanding and expressing emotion. We compared the ability of eight high- functioning children with autism (i.e. those with IQ scores ≥ 70) and eight age- and gender-matched controls with similar oral language development, to understand the facial expression of real and deceptive emotion. Children with autism had limited understanding of socially derived emotion. Although they could relate emotions to standard facial expressions, they were less able than controls to indicate the real emotions story characters feel, the deceptive emotions they express in the face, or the social reasons prompting a deceptive facial expression. For high- function children with autism, facial expressions may function as lexical codes but not as forms of social communication that modify beliefs.
On Buffered Clos Switches

There is a widespread interest in switching architectures that can scale in capacity with increasing interface transmission rates and higher port counts. Furthermore, packet switches that provide Quality of Service (QoS), such as bandwidth and delay guarantees, to the served user traffic are also highly desired. This report addresses the issue of constructing a high-capacity QoS-capable, multi-module switching node. Output queued switches provide the best performance in terms of throughput as well as QoS but do not scale. Input queued switches, on the other hand, require complex arbitration procedures to achieve the same level of performance. We enumerate the design constraints in the construction of a packet switch and present several approaches to build a system composed of lower-capacity memory and space elements, and analyze their performance. Towards this goal, we establish a new taxonomy for a class of switches, which we call Buffered Clos switches, and present a formal framework for optimal packet switching performance, in terms of both throughput and QoS. Within the taxonomy, we augment the existing combined input-output queueing (CIOQ) systems with Aggregation and Pipelining techniques. Furthermore, we present the design and analysis of a novel parallel packet switch architecture. For the items in the taxonomy, we present algorithms that provide optimal throughput and QoS, in accordance with the above performance framework. While some of the presented ideas are still in the investigative stage, we believe that the current state of the work, especially the formal treatment of switching, will be beneficial to the ongoing research in the field.
`Making Up' the Middle-Class Child: Families, Activities and Class Dispositions

In this article we draw on data collected from a recent qualitative project to highlight the enthusiasm of middle-class parents for enrolling their under fives in `enrichment' activities (extra-curricular creative and sporting classes). We seek to identify the part activities play in parental strategies for class reproduction. We first consider the broader issue of children and consumption, drawing out the way in which consumption and leisure activities are highly classed, and focusing on notions of taste and distinction. Then, using examples from the data, we emphasize the sense of urgency and responsibility parents felt concerning their child's development and the classed and gendered involvement of parents. We conclude that enrichment activities are one response to the anxiety and sense of responsibility experienced by middle-class parents as they attempt to `make up' a middle-class child in a social context where reproduction appears uncertain.
Self-Regulating Enhances Self-Regulation in Subsequent Consumer Decisions Involving Similar Response Conflicts

Ego depletion, the observation that self-regulation reduces subsequent self-regulation, is a remarkably robust phenomenon, and the generalization to the consumer domain appears undisputable. Contrary to most other self-regulatory situations, however, consecutive self-regulatory decisions in consumer settings tend to be similar in the control processes that they recruit. Three experiments demonstrate the pivotal role of similarity. When two consecutive self-regulatory situations require similar control processes (e.g., restraining food intake), initial engagement in self-regulation enhances subsequent self-regulation. Our data thus challenge the self-regulatory strength model of (consumer) self-regulatory decision making but are consistent with cognitive control theory.
Video-Evoked Perspective Taking on CrowdFunding Platforms: Impacts on Contribution Behavior

Crowdfunding has emerged as an important IS phenomenon and warrants attention from researchers and practitioners alike. In this paper, we investigate the influence of specific perspectives that are emphasized in product videos on donations and the preorder behavior of supporters on crowdfunding platforms. We draw upon selfdetermination theory and transportation theory to show that videos emphasizing campaign creators and their product-building journey are more likely to draw higher donations while those emphasizing the customer’s utility and benefits are likely to increase pre-order intentions. We further argue that individuals who take a creator's perspective are more resistant to the perceived project risks than those taking a customer’s perspective. This stems from different motivations that are made salient through the two types of videos. Our study furthers research on contribution behavior in crowdfunding platforms and provides significant implications for the IS community.
Asymmetric brain function, affective style, and psychopathology: The role of early experience and plasticity

Abstract A model of asymmetric contributions to the control of different subcomponents of approach- and withdrawal-related emotion and psychopathology is presented. Two major forms of positive affect are distinguished. An approach-related form arises prior to goal attainment, and another form follows goal attainment. The former is hypothesized to be associated with activation of the left prefrontal cortex. Individual differences in patterns of prefrontal activation are stable over time. Hypoactivation in this region is proposed to result in approach-related deficits and increase an individual's vulnerability to depression. Data in support of these proposals are presented. The issue of plasticity is then considered from several perspectives. Contextual factors are superimposed upon tonic individual differences and modulate the magnitude of asymmetry. Pharmacological challenges also alter patterns of frontal asymmetry. A diverse array of evidence was then reviewed that lends support to the notion that these patterns of asymmetry may be importantly influenced by early environmental factors that result in enduring changes in brain function and structure.
Generality of Decentering in First through Fourth Grade Children

Summary The consistency of children's decentering ability, the ability to consider and coordinate simultaneously differing pieces of information, was assessed by administering to 96 first-through fourth-grade children (48 boys, 48 girls) tasks of cognitive perspective taking, peer description, humor appreciation, and causal attribution, as well as an independent assessment of decentering, the conservation of liquid task. Mean scores increased linearly with grade level and sex differences were nonsignificant. Little support was obtained for the convergent validity of decentering and questions are raised concerning the extent to which decentering can be considered independently of both the content area in which it occurs and other cognitive factors necessary for task performance.
Early Adolescents' Use of Social Networking Sites to Maintain Friendship and Explore Identity: Implications for Policy

This paper considers 10-14 year olds' adoption of digital technology, and the way in which the developmental tasks of early adolescence are played out within their everyday lives through their widespread interaction with digital media, considering both the social and the psychological processes that take place. It reflects on the concerns that have been expressed about children's use of digital social networking, but also looks at the benefits to children of using the media, and the implications for policymaking. The paper recognises that the widespread adoption of digital technology at this age is deeply embedded in the social context of early adolescents' lives. While the mental processes that take place and the developmental stages have not changed, it may be that digital technology is being used to process some of the tasks of early adolescence, especially in identity formation, the importance and the influence of peers, and the way that emotional support is given and received. An ethnographic study was carried out over two years in the homes of twenty-eight children living in the south-east of England. Research included over 30 hours of filmed observation, diaries, friendship maps, individual interviews, friendship focus groups and an online bulletin board. Early adolescence is viewed as a key stage in which emotional development can affect children's level of wellbeing, and friendship is especially important as they turn from their family to the outside world. In playing with identity, building relationships, maintaining friendships and turning to each other for encouragement and companionship, children gain 'digital agency'. This process may be beneficial and an important source of support and comfort to the young adolescent who is experiencing transition both cognitively, physically, and through change of school.
Metaphoric Description and Individualized Emotion Profiling of Performance States in Top Karate Athletes

This paper reports an investigation extending recent studies of a symbolic representation of performance related states (Hanin, 1997, 2000; Hanin & Stambulova, 2002). Consistent with this theoretical framework, the content and frequency of self-generated metaphors with accompanying interpretative descriptors of feeling states in high-level Spanish karate athletes (N = 16; 12 men and 4 women) were examined. The athletes generated 98 idiosyncratic, symbolic, and functionally meaningful metaphors and 167 interpretative descriptors of feeling states prior to, during, and after their best and worst performances. The metaphoric images included animate (animals, human beings, mythical characters) and inanimate (vehicles, objects, plants, natural phenomena) agents. As predicted, the content of metaphors and interpretative descriptors reflected high action readiness in best performance and low action readiness in worst performance situations. Moreover, content of metaphors was different prior to, during, and after performances (content overlap ranged from 0.06 to 0.15) and across best and worst competitions (from 0 to 0.18). As expected, self-generated interpretative emotion descriptors were idiosyncratic and context-specific. These descriptors were similar to eight basic emotions (happiness, pride, relief, anger, anxiety, fright, sadness, and shame) from the 15 proposed by Lazarus (2000). Interpretative descriptors had multiple connotations with emotion and non-emotion components of psychobiosocial state. In the follow-up (n = 12) after a 5-month interval, the initially generated idiosyncratic metaphors were retained, thus, reflecting stability and consistency of perceived personal meaning of the situation. The findings are contrasted with earlier research and practical implications are suggested.
A Sustainable Sports Legacy: Creating a Link between the London Olympics and Sports Participation

The London 2012 bid was based on the promise to use the Olympic Games to promote sports participation for all groups across the UK. This is the most ambitious project in the history of the Olympic Games in terms of both its scope and level of change, as, in order to be implemented successfully, it has to address not only people's behaviour but also deeply rooted social structures and relations. This paper addresses the little explored issue of the link between hosting the Olympic Games and sports participation in the host country within the framework of sustainable sports legacy. It takes a process-oriented approach, suggesting that Olympic legacies are constructed and not given, and explores the role of the International Olympic Committee and the UK government in framing sports legacy. The paper draws from relevant literature and two original case studies, and analyses five main processes involved in legacy construction. It is argued that the role of sports participation legacy has been to compensate for the propensities of Olympic growth. The concept of sustainable Olympic sports development legacy is controversial but appealing. It offers grounds for agreement in Olympic aspirations for social progress and equality while still promoting games that are faster, higher, stronger and the best ever. Achieving sustainable sports participation will remain an illusive target until the rights of different communities and sports are recognized.
Facilitating productive use of feedback in higher education

Although feedback has a great potential for learning, students do not always make use of this potential. This article therefore reviews research literature on students’ use of feedback in higher education. This is done in order to find answers as to why some students do not use the feedback they receive and which factors are important in influencing students’ use of teacher feedback. Findings show that utility is not only a key feature for students’ use of feedback but also that some factors, such as lack of strategies for productively using feedback or lack of understanding of academic discourse, may hinder students’ possibilities to use the information formatively.
La formación en competencias ciudadanas en el preescolar

This paper shows a potential way to train preschoolers in citizenship competences by gathering foundations from psychology of language and socio-cognitive development appropriate for this group of age. To sustain this proposal there are stated ideas coming from educational politics about what is essential to citizenship competences, stressing specialty its cognitive processes and emotional components. Working with narrative texts is proposed as the best form to disclose children comprehension about this matter. Finally, there are presented some suggestions based in psychopedagogical basis to use in school settings.
Rethinking cognitive tools: from augmentation to mediation

When discussing computer tools it is common to say that these artefacts "augment" human cognition by the functionality that has been programmed in them. Augmentation is a powerful idea: the hypothesis is that a person becomes more capable when the functionality of a cognitive tool is added to his or her own cognitive functionality-in augmentation a new, more capable cognitive system emerges. We discuss two general approaches to distribute cognition between humans and artefacts. The first approach the current "augmentation" approach-begins by making a distinction between the individual, who is unaided by any artefacts, and a broader cognitive system comprising the individual and certain objects in his/her environment. This approach, which considers distributed cognition as a structural expansion of unaided cognition, is contrasted with another approach-a mediational approach which from the very beginning focuses on the interaction between the individual and the world. As we demonstrate, this difference is associated with conflicting views on the very nature of distributed cognition.
Practical criticism of the art of conversation: A methodological critique

If conversation is a practical art, then a discipline that studies conversation should “assume the full burden of the critic. “In an effort to clarify and extend this notion, the present essay offers a tentative account of the methodological requirements of practical criticism, and examines six research studies representing various methodological approaches from that perspective. The critique suggests both the unique contributions of each method and the necessity for intense interaction among methods within the framework of a critical discipline.
Biofluid‐Triggered Burst Release from an Adaptive Covalently Assembled Dipeptide Nanocontainer for Emergency Treatment

The construction of quickly dissociating containers holding bioactive components that meet the extreme requirements of emergency treatment is highly desirable but remains a great challenge. Here the use of small‐molecule‐induced dynamic covalent assembly is reported for simple and tunable fabrication of a biocompatible diphenylalanine‐based nanocontainer toward rapidly responsive cargo delivery. The assembled nanocontainer can adaptively encapsulate various charged or neutral molecules. Upon biofluid trigger, the encapsulated molecules and bioactive proteins are released in a burst (within 5 s) from the nanocontainer due to highly sensitive deprotonation‐mediated disruption of hydrogen bonding. This highlighted feature allows the nanocontainer as an excellent “fast dissolving” delivery vehicle available in spray dosage form for medical emergencies, as demonstrated by in vivo application for massive hemorrhage.
Functional Characterization of the Chicken Peptide Transporter 1 (Pept1, Slc15a1) Gene

Dietary amino acids can be transported into intestinal epithelial cells as di- and tripeptides by the action of the peptide transporter, PepT1 (SLC15A1). Expression of the chicken PepT1 (cPepT1) gene changes in response to dietary crude protein level; however, the molecular mechanism governing this regulation is unknown. This study analyzed the promoter region of the cPepT1 gene. Using deletion analysis, positive-acting (− 314 to − 261, − 169 to − 155, and − 120 to − 60) and negative-acting (− 419 to − 386 and − 214 to − 169) regions were mapped in transfected chick embryo fibroblasts (CEF). The addition of neither amino acids Phe, Arg, or Val, nor the dipeptides Gly-Sar (glycyl-sarcosine), Gly-Pro, Gly-Phe, Met-Pro, Met-Lys or Lys-Lys, had an effect on cPepT1 promoter activity in transfected CEF. The cPepT1 promoter was more active in CEF and primary chicken intestinal cells than in chicken liver cells. This study represents a functional characterization of the molecular regulation of the chicken PepT1 gene.
Magnetizing Curve Estimation of Induction Motors in Single-Phase Magnetization Mode Considering Differential Inductance Effect

To obtain an accurate magnetizing curve of induction motors at standstill, including both field-weakening region and saturated region, a novel method for estimation of mutual inductance Lm is proposed. At first, the reasons causing error of Lm identified by conventional ac-current-injection-based method, i.e., fluctuation of static Lm and differential inductance effect, are clarified in a theoretical view. To solve the problem, a continuous ac excitation of customized low frequency, with dc offset, is designed to excite the motor in single-phase mode. While dc offset with configurable amplitudes is used to fix the saturation level and restrain variation of static Lm, ac excitation maintains identifiability of the inductance. After the estimated Lm is retrieved from stator-side reactance, a direct numerical-integration method is proposed to effectively correct the differential inductance effect. The influence of injection frequency is rigorously investigated, which is also a key point for successful estimation. Both simulation and experiments have been implemented to demonstrate the feasibility and validity of the proposed method.
Validation of a cognitive assessment: predicting driving performance after stroke

Stroke patients who wish to return to driving must seek the advice of the DVLA in Swansea, who may wish to consult the patient’s GP. Their abilities are assessed and they may or may not be advised to drive. This advice is based on very subjective criteria and a survey of GPs’ demonstrated inconsistencies in the criteria adopted. The assessment of driving ability has been based on simulator assessment or on cognitive testing, although comparison between a simulator and road-test performance has shown poor agreement between the two.2 Cognitive assessments3--5 have been used in some centres, although rarely have they been fully validated. In order to provide a more objective assessment and to measure cognitive impairments which may influence driving ability more than physical difficulties we developed a cognitive test battery which appeared to be predictive of driving performance on the road.6 In this study, 40 patients were administered a battery of cognitive tests and assessed on the road by a BSM driving instructor. Tests were identified which were predictive of driving performance. However, it was essential that these results be validated further and this validation was carried out on a different group of stroke subjects. The aim was to confirm whether pass or fail categories could be predicted for stroke patients in general or whether the results