Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Strain‐hardening dependent cross‐sectional slenderness limits for the elastic resistance of steel beams

It is important that cross‐sections are correctly classified, as this determines their utilisation. The focus of this paper lies on the analysis of the transition point between cross‐sectional classes 3 and 4 for I‐shaped and hollow cross‐sections. In particular, it studies how various degrees of strain hardening and ratios between ultimate and yield strength influence this transition point, which defines whether the elastic moment resistance of a section can be exploited. Numerical simulations with geometrically and materially nonlinear analysis with imperfections (GMNIA) were carried out. The results of the numerical simulations were analysed and consequently, limit slenderness values could be determined and correlations to the hardening behaviour could be found and integrated into corresponding formulas.
On the method of random coding

We consider a system of information transmission which uses the random coding of messages in order to attain a reliable transmission of data through the main channel and a sufficient information protection in the side channel. We give formulas for the calculation of various probabilistic characteristics of such systems in the case where the input messages and the signals in the communication channels are presented in the Boolean form.
Array processing for hand-held scanners

Multi-element synthetic aperture imaging methods suitable for applications with severe cost and size limitations are explored. Array apertures are synthesized using an active multi-element receive subaperture and a multi-element defocused transmit subaperture. The performance of multi-element methods has been tested and compared to conventional imagers through measurements with a 3.5 MHz, 128-element transducer array on different gel phantoms. The multi-element synthetic aperture methods achieve higher electronic signal to noise ratio and better contrast resolution than conventional synthetic aperture techniques, approaching conventional phased array performance
Low Dark Current Mesa-Type AlGaN Flame Detectors

This study characterizes and reports on the fabrication process of AlGaN flame photodetectors with an Al0.1Ga0. 9N/GaN superlattice structure. The AlGaN flame photodetectors exhibited a low dark current (∼1.17×10−10 A at bias of −5 V) and large rejection ratio of photocurrent (∼2.14×10−5 A at bias of -5 V) to dark current, which is greater than five orders of magnitude. Responsivity at 350 nm at a bias of -5 V was 0.194 A/W. Quantum efficiency, η, was 0.687 at a reverse bias of 5 V.
How to estimate life history ratios to simplify data-poor fisheries assessment

Less variable than life history parameters (LHPs), it is life history ratios (LHRs) that define how taxa allocate energy between growth, maintenance and reproduction, and respond to fishing pressure. Limited by small samples, variable data quality, and a focus on LHP estimation, previous meta-analyses have failed to settle debate about the extent to which LHRs are relatively invariant across all taxa or characteristic of specific taxa. We collected de novo 1335 published studies and applying rigorous standardization and quality control procedures developed, and make available, a database of high-quality M/K and Lm/L∞ estimates. We describe two parallel but independent meta-analyses: a cross-validation study of the predictability of M/K by taxonomic category and an evaluation of alternative relationships between the LHRs using Akaike information criteria. These analyses demonstrate that the LHRs are correlated and vary predictably by taxa, with aggregation to the level of family and genera having the most predictive power in our database. We postulate that the LHRs of taxa may relate to their stoichiometric niches, which could open up interesting lines for ecological research and provide new tools for predicting the LHRs of poorly studied taxa.
Ethanolic extract of Halymenia durvillei induced G2/M arrest and altered the levels of cell cycle regulatory proteins of MDA-MB-231 triple-negative breast cancer cells

Background and purpose: The GC-MS analysis reported n-hexadecanoic acid or palmitic acid as a major component of the ethanolic extract of Halymenia durvillei (HDET). This compound shows cytotoxic effects against various human cancer cells. The present study investigated the effect of HDET on the viability and proliferation of MDA-MB-231, a triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) cell line. Experimental approach: Cell proliferation and cell cycle analysis were determined by flow cytometry and cell cycle regulatory protein expression levels were then determined by Western blotting. The presence of reactive oxygen species (ROS) was evaluated by dichlorofluorescein, followed by analyzing changes in gene expression of antioxidant enzymes using a real-time polymerase chain reaction. Findings/Results: HDET dose-dependently reduced cell viability with the 50% inhibitory concentration (IC50) of 269.4 ± 31.2 µg/mL at 24 h. The cell proliferation assays showed increased succinimidyl ester fluorescent intensity after treatment with ≥ 100 µg/mL of HDET, indicating the inhibition of cell proliferation. Cell cycle analysis using propidium iodide staining showed an increased percentage of cells in the G2/M phase. HDET also decreased the levels of cell cycle regulatory proteins including cyclin D1 and increased the level of p21. HDET promoted oxidative stress by increasing ROS levels along with the reduction of catalase expression. However, HDET did not induce apoptosis and caspase activation in TNBC cells. Conclusion and implications: These findings suggest that HDET which is rich in palmitic acid may serve as a potential therapeutic agent to target TNBC via arrest cell cycle progression at the G2/M phase.
On rings of analytic functions on Riemann surfaces

Let R be an open Riemann surface and A(R) be the ring of all one-valued regular analytic functions on R (j=l, 2) and a be a ring isomorphism of A(R) onto A(R). Since the imaginary unit i is the primitive fourth root of 1, either i--i or --i. In the former (resp. latter) case, is called a direct (resp. indirect) ring isomorphism. Suppose that there exists a one-to-one transformation S of R onto R. If S is directly conformal, then S induces a direct ring isomorphism a defined by the relation f(p)--ff(Z(p)) (f A(R1), pR). If S is indirectly conformal, then S induces an indirect ring isomorphism a defined by the relation f(p)=ff(S(p)) (feA(R1), peR1). In either case, we say that a is induced by S. The aim of this note is to prove the converse of the above fact. Theorem. Any direct (resp. indirect) ring isomorphism of A(R) onto A(R2) is induced by a unique one-to-one direct (resp. indirect) conformal transformation of R onto R2. This fact is first proved by Bers under the assumption that R and R. are open plane domains. For arbitrary open Riemann surfaces R and R. , Rudin proved the above fact under the assumption that the given isomorphism preserves complex constants unchanged. Hence our Theorem, in which no a priori assumption on complex constants is made, is a proper generalization of Bers’ result and also contains Rudin’s result. We divide the proof of our Theorem into several lemmas. Some of them are well known but we include their proofs for the sake of completeness. 1. Ring isomorphism on complex numbers. Let a be the given ring isomorphism of A(R) onto A(R) and r be the inverse of a. The map r is also a ring isomorphism of A(R)onto A(R). We denote by C the complex number field and by Cr the complex rational number field, where a complex number, both of whose real and ima-
Fast Image Matching Method and Its Applications in Underwater Positioning

Based on analyzing the traditional image matching algorithms, a fast image matching method, which integrates improved sequential similarity detection algorithm (SSDA) and wavelet transformation, is presented in this paper. Firstly, some basic principles of SSDA image matching and wavelet transformation are introduced. Secondly, according to the shortcoming of traditional SSDA algorithm, a new SSDA algorithm is studied for improving the determining velocity of the threshold in SSDA searching match. By integrating wavelet transformation, an integrated matching algorithm is given out. Finally, the new method is compared with the traditional matching algorithms in experiments. The experimental results show that the new method has higher efficiency and accuracy in image matching and is suitable for the realization of real-time underwater navigation.
A comparison of NDVI and spectral mixture analysis for estimating biophysical properties in boreal forest terrain

Spectral mixture analysis is used to determine scene fractions of sunlit canopy, background, and shadow, which are compared to NDVI in terms of their relation to the biophysical parameters LAI, biomass and NPP. In all tests, the mixture fractions outperformed NDVI by large margins, with shadow fraction having an r/sup 2/=0.80 compared to 0.47 for NDVI. Solar zenith angle was an important factor in determining input component reflectance values for mixture analysis. The physical basis for these improvements is the sensitivity of mixture fractions to tree size and morphology.
Remarks on weak stabilization of semilinear wave equations

If a second order semilinear conservative equation with esssentially oscillatory solutions such as the wave equation is perturbed by a possibly non monotone damping term which is effective in a non negligible sub-region for at least one sign of the velocity, all solutions of the perturbed system converge weakly to 0 as time tends to infinity. We present here a simple and natural method of proof of this kind of property, implying as a consequence some recent very general results of Judith Vancostenoble.
Why do Internet Devices Remain Vulnerable? A Survey with System Administrators

—In efforts to understand the reasons behind Internet-connected devices remaining vulnerable for a long time, previous literature analyzed the effectiveness of large-scale vulnerability notiﬁcations on remediation rates. Herein we focus on the perspective of system administrators. Through an online survey study with 89 system administrators worldwide, we investigate factors affecting their decisions to remediate or ignore a security vulnerability. We use Censys to ﬁnd servers with vulnerable public-facing services, extract the abuse contact information from WHOIS, and email an invitation to ﬁll out the survey. We found no evidence that awareness of the existence of a vulnerability affects remediation plans, which explains the consistently small remediation rates following notiﬁcation campaigns conducted in previous research. More interestingly, participants did not agree on a speciﬁc factor as the primary cause for lack of remediation. Many factors appeared roughly equally important, including backwards compatibility, technical knowledge, available resources, and motive to remediate.
Culture, entrepreneurial intention and entrepreneurial ecosystems: evidence from Nelson Mandela Bay, South Africa

Purpose Contemporary entrepreneurial ecosystem models and frameworks advocate that culture is a criterion for entrepreneurial intention and central to entrepreneurship discourse. However, there is limited research from resource-constrained economies, such as sub-Saharan Africa and at a sub-national level. Responding to calls for bottom-up perspectives hinged on local context and heterogeneous nature, this paper aims to provide an in-depth understanding from multiple perspectives about the effect that culture and entrepreneurial intention have on the entrepreneurship process and performance in Nelson Mandela Bay, South Africa. Design/methodology/approach A mixed-method research design followed a sequential independent process consisting of two phases. Phase 1 included the dissemination of questionnaires to economically active participants, and 300 responses were statistically analysed. In Phase 2, 15 semi-structured interviews with influential economic development agents were conducted. Findings The results indicated that social legitimacy towards entrepreneurship existed and self-employment was viewed positively. However, self-employment endeavours were mainly necessity driven, and the systemic low levels of innovation, poor business competitiveness and the inability to scale were highlighted. The findings indicated that individuals venturing into business had a culture of being dependant on the government, lacking a risk appetite, fearing failure, with disparate groups suffering from a poor legacy of entrepreneurship. Originality/value Despite research done on the role of culture and entrepreneurial intention on entrepreneurial ecosystems, there are few case studies showing their influence at a sub-national level. This study responds to calls for studies on a sub-national level by exploring the influence that culture and entrepreneurial intention have on entrepreneurship in a resource-constrained metropole.
Vortex Tracking and Visualisation in a Flow Past a Tapered Cylinder

In this paper we explore a novel combined application of two of our existing visualisation techniques to thetracking of 3D vortex tubes in an unsteady flow. The applied techniques are the winding‐angle vortex extractiontechnique based on streamline geometry, and the attribute‐based feature tracking technique. We have applied theseto the well‐known case of an unsteady 3D flow past a tapered cylinder.
The downstream impact of tropical cyclones on a developing baroclinic wave in idealized scenarios of extratropical transition

The interaction of a tropical cyclone with a developing baroclinic wave is investigated in an idealized scenario of extratropical transition (ET). The impact of ET is examined by comparing and analyzing two numerical baroclinic‐wave experiments: a traditional experiment in which baroclinic development is excited by a localized upper‐level perturbation on a realistic jet profile and an experiment in which, additionally, a model tropical cyclone is inserted south of the jet at the initial time.
A Study on Path Planning Algorithms Based upon Particle Swarm Optimization

The paper proposes a path planning algorithm based upon Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) for obstacle-avoidance problem of USV (Unmanned Surface Vehicle). At present, the PSO based path planning algorithm divides the line between start point and goal point into equal parts, and the result path is polyline, which do not conform to the motion features of USV. Besides, many smooth path planning algorithms have been proposed. The Hermite interpolation, cubic splines interpolation and Bezier curve have a tedious process, however the resulting path is not that excellent and smooth. To obtain the optimal smooth path, this paper proposes a new particle model, the arc is the fundamental component of path, and the radius and arc angle are values of dimensions, Comparing with other PSO algorithm and smooth path planning algorithms, the simulation results show the advantage of the Arc Path Planning algorithm in length and smoothness.
Can You Tell Me the Time? Security Implications of the Server-Timing Header

—Performing a remote timing attack typically entails the collection of many timing measurements in order to overcome noise due to network jitter. If an attacker can reduce the amount of jitter in their measurements, they can exploit timing leaks using fewer measurements. To reduce the amount of jitter, an attacker may use timing information that is made available by a server. In this paper, we exploit the use of the server-timing header, which was created for performance monitoring and in some cases exposes millisecond accurate information about server-side execution times. We show that the header is increasingly often used, with an uptick in adoption rates in recent months. The websites that use the header often host dynamic content of which the generation time can potentially leak sensitive information. Our new attack techniques, one of which collects the header timing values from an intermediate proxy, improve performance over standard attacks using roundtrip times. Experiments show that, overall, our new attacks (signiﬁcantly) decrease the number of samples required to exploit timing leaks. The attack is especially effective against geographically distant servers.
Assessing Operational NPD Effectiveness And Strategic NPD Flexibility For The Design Of New Product Development Configurations

Organising and managing New Product Development pro-actively requires continuous balancing of internal and external demands and constraints, and of short- and long-term considerations and objectives. These dualities in this paper are considered under the performance dimensions operational effectiveness and strategic flexibility. When searching for guidelines for designing NPD configurations for improved NPD performance, it is crucial that one is able to relate specific organisational ‘patterns’ to both performance dimensions. The paper specifically deals with the issue of how to quantitatively assess NPD’s operational effectiveness and strategic flexibility, for the ultimate purpose of assessing the contribution made by various NPD configurations to achieving NPD objectives. The operationalisation of both constructs is reported in the form of a review of the literature for measurements of operational NPD effectiveness and strategic NPD flexibility, further structured by a subdivision in product concept effectiveness (fit with market demands, fit with firm competencies) and NPD process effectiveness (speed, productivity, flexibility). The resulting scales are included as an appendix. Preliminary analysis of a validation test shows promising results in terms of reliability.
VON MISES' AXIOMATISATION OF RANDOM SEQUENCES

We discuss von Mises' notion of a random sequence in the context of his approach to probability theory. We claim that the acceptance of Kolmogorov's rival axiomatisation was due to a different intuition about probability getting the upper hand, as illustrated by the notion of a martingale. We also discuss the connection between randomness and the axiom of choice.
Surface conductivity of InAs/GaSb superlattice infrared detectors treated with thiolated self assembled monolayers

The surface conductivity of InAs/GaSb based type II superlattice (T2SL) long wavelength infrared material following the deposition of thiolated self-assembled monolayers (SAMs) of cysteamine, octadecanethiol, dodecanethiol, and hexanethiol are reported. Quantitative mobility spectrum analysis (QMSA) was employed to study the mobility and to isolate and identify surface carriers following SAM treatments on planar samples. QMSA data collected following the deposition of the SAMs on InAs/GaSb material correlates well with dark current measurements, demonstrating the usefulness of QMSA as a tool for evaluating surface conductivity and predicting device performance. All samples displayed a reduction in surface conductivity and dark current density following thiol treatment. Dark current densities were reduced to 1.1 × 10−5, 1.3 × 10−5, 1.6 × 10−5, and 5 × 10−6 A/cm2 for hexanethiol, dodecanethiol, octadecanethiol, and cysteamine, respectively, from 5.7 × 10−4 A cm2 for unpassivated devices.
Defining Sudden Stratospheric Warmings

AbstractSudden stratospheric warmings (SSWs) are large, rapid temperature rises in the winter polar stratosphere, occurring predominantly in the Northern Hemisphere. Major SSWs are also associated with a reversal of the climatological westerly zonal-mean zonal winds. Circulation anomalies associated with SSWs can descend into the troposphere with substantial surface weather impacts, such as wintertime extreme cold air outbreaks. After their discovery in 1952, SSWs were classified by the World Meteorological Organization. An examination of literature suggests that a single, original reference for an exact definition of SSWs is elusive, but in many references a definition involves the reversal of the meridional temperature gradient and, for major warmings, the reversal of the zonal circulation poleward of 60° latitude at 10 hPa.Though versions of this definition are still commonly used to detect SSWs, the details of the definition and its implementation remain ambiguous. In addition, other SSW definitions h.
Semi-Automated Synthesis of Driving Rules

—Autonomous vehicles must operate in a complex environment with various social norms and expectations. While most of the work on securing autonomous vehicles has focused on safety, we argue that we also need to monitor for deviations from various societal “common sense” rules to identify attacks against autonomous systems. In this paper, we provide a first approach to encoding and understanding these common-sense driving behaviors by semi-automatically extracting rules from driving manuals. We encode our driving rules in a formal specification and make our rules available online for other researchers.
Time series models for short term forecasting of ozone in the eastern part of Austria

Ozone and several meteorological variables are monitored routinely at several monitoring sites in Austria. Enhanced ozone formation is mainly observed in the eastern part of the country, where peaks occur in the lee of the conurbation area of Vienna. The time series structure of ozone data within this area is analyzed by using autoregressive type models with an exogenous part (ARX) . In particular, separate ARX models for each time of the day, threshold ARX models for defined ozone regimes, as well as periodic ARX models are applied. The analysis of the estimated coefficients gives some insight into the dynamics of ozone and its explanation by meteorological variables. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A high-gain and frequency-tunable bow tie antenna with epsilon-negative metasurface

Various wireless communication systems require simple and high-gain radiating element operating in different working frequency bands. In this paper, an epsilon-negative metasurface antenna (ENG-MS antenna) with high-gain and frequency-tunable properties is proposed, fabricated and studied. This antenna is composed of an original double-sided printed bow tie antenna (source antenna) and an ENG-MS frequency selecting reflection layer. The strong electric interaction between ENG-MS (allowing evanescent wave only) and source antenna exhibits a significant effect on antenna’s radiation pattern and gain. Antenna’s gain can be selectively enhanced over the source antenna’s working frequency band. It is demonstrated that the resonant frequencies of this ENG-MS antenna can be continuously tuned by changing the distance between source antenna and ENG-MS. The proposed ENG-MS antenna in this paper shows a promising result to introduce metamaterials/metasurfaces in microwave device to realize high-gain and frequency-tunable functionality.
Integrated waveguide with a microfluidic channel in spiral geometry for spectroscopic applications

The authors fabricated and tested a compact optical sensor with an integrated waveguide and a microchannel in spiral geometry. The multimode waveguide, consisting of an SU-8 core of 40μm thick and 50μm wide and a fluid cladding layer of 60μm thick, realizes a light-fluid interaction length of 110mm within a device area of 4cm2. The waveguide sensor measures changes in liquid sample concentration and is sensitive to changes in liquid refractive index. Absorbance measurements using the spiral waveguide sensor demonstrate increased sensitivity compared with a linear geometry sensor.