Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Controversial Issues in Multiculturalism

Forward. Introduction. I. DEBATES ON THE IMPACT OF MULTICULTURALISM. 1. Is a Pluralist Multicultural Approach to Practice Preferable to Acculturation or Assimilation Approaches? YES: Mitchell T. Maki. NO: John Longres. 2. Has the Emphasis on Multicultural Practice Resulted in More Effective and Appropriate Services for Ethnic Minority Clients? YES: Sherlon P. Brown. NO: John Longres. 3. Does the Focus on Multiculturalism Emphasize Differences and Foster Racial/Ethnic Stereotypes? YES: Duane Champagne. NO: Maria Zuniga. 4. Has the Focus on Multiculturalism Resulted in Inadequate Attention to Factors such as Gender, Social Class, and Sexual Orientation? YES: Wynetta Devore. NO: Rhea Almeida. 5. Should Programs and Service Delivery Systems be Culture-Specific in their Design? YES: Doman Lum. NO: Charles Guzzetta. 6. Should Professionals in Multicultural Practice Support Affirmative Action as a Means of Securing Equity for their Clients? YES: Rita Takahashi. NO: John Oliver. 7. Does Multicultural Education Have an Adequate Conceptual and Theoretical Foundation? YES: Carl Grant. NO: Yehudi Webster. II. DEBATES REGARDING RESEARCH WITH MULTICULTURAL POPULATIONS. 8. Can Valid Research on Ethnic Minority Populations Only be Conducted by Researchers from the Same Ethnic Group? YES: Rosina M. Becerra. NO: Rosina M. Becerra. REJOINDERS: Diane de Anda. 9. Do Methods of Evaluating Practice Need to be Adapted for Multicultural Populations? YES: Kevin Gorey. and Donald Leslie. NO: Todd Franke. 10. Do Research Methods Need to be Adapted for Valid Research to be Conducted in Ethnic Minority Communities? YES: Pyong Gap Min. NO: Joyce Tang. III. DEBATES ON DIRECT PRACTICE WITH MULTICULTURAL POPULATIONS. 11. Are There Theories that are Sufficiently "Culture-Free" to be Appropriate and Useful for Practice with Multicultural Clients? YES: Diane de Anda. NO: Diane de Anda. 12. Is There an Inherent Bias in the Tradition of the Helping Professions that Can Negatively Impact Multicultural Clients? YES: Kevin Fitzsimmons. NO: Eileen Gambrill. 13. Do Therapeutic Methods, Techniques, and Modalities Need to be Tailored to Specific Ethnic/Cultural Populations? YES: Karin Elliott Brown. and Mary Kay Oliveri. NO: Mary Kay Oliveri, and Karin Elliott Brown. 14. Is the Therapeutic Process More Effective if the Client and the Helping Professional are of the Same Ethnic/Cultural Group? YES: Fariyal Ross-Sheriff and Norma S.C. Jones. NO: Farah Ibrahim. 15. Are There Circumstances Under which the Helping Professional Must be of the Same Ethnicity and Gender? YES: Jorja Prover. NO: Elfriede Schlesinger. 16. Should Facilitating Acculturation be a Goal in Working with Immigrant Populations? YES: Phillip Fellin. NO: Pauline-Irit Erera. 17. Can Ethnic Agencies More Effectively Serve Communities than Mainstream Agencies? YES: Alfreda P. Iglehart. NO: Paul Abels.
Use of ISO CLNP in TUBA Environments

This memo specifies a profile of the ISO/IEC 8473 Connectionless-mode Network Layer Protocol (CLNP, [1]) for use in conjunction with RFC 1347, TCP/UDP over Bigger Addresses (TUBA, [2]). It describes the use of CLNP to provide the lower-level service expected by Transmission Control Protocol (TCP, [3]) and User Datagram Protocol (UDP, [4]). CLNP provides essentially the same datagram service as Internet Protocol (IP, [5]), but offers a means of conveying bigger network addresses (with additional structure, to aid routing).
Supporting the Families of Children with Autism

'Something is Wrong with Our Child'. Families' Needs: Met and Unmet. Diagnosis and Autism. Diagnostic Confusions and Disorders Presenting Like Autism. The Effects of Autism on Parents: Part I. The Effects of Autism on Parents: Part II. Families and Challenging Behaviour. Educational and Other Strategies. Autism and Growing Up. References. Index.
Floral organ abscission is regulated by a positive feedback loop

Significance Dramatic changes in gene expression occur in abscission zones immediately prior to abscission. This study helps explain the mechanisms and emergent properties of a regulatory network that controls abscission. Two important connections are made that help explain the observed dynamic range of abscission gene expression. First, it connects a MAP kinase cascade that positively regulates abscission to a MADS-domain transcription factor, AGAMOUS-like 15 (AGL15). Second, it connects AGL15 to the expression of a receptor kinase known to control abscission. All together, the findings define a positive feedback loop that provides exponential signal amplification that starts with a receptor, goes through a MAP kinase cascade and a transcription factor, and then returns to the receptor. Abscission is the process by which plants shed unwanted organs, either as part of a natural developmental program or in response to environmental stimuli. Studies in Arabidopsis thaliana have elucidated a number of the genetic components that regulate abscission of floral organs, including a pair of related receptor-like protein kinases, HAESA and HAESA-like 2 (HAE/HSL2) that regulate a MAP kinase cascade that is required for abscission. HAE is transcriptionally up-regulated in the floral abscission zone just before cell separation. Here, we identify AGAMOUS-like 15 (AGL15; a MADS-domain transcription factor) as a putative regulator of HAE expression. Overexpression of AGL15 results in decreased expression of HAE as well as a delayed abscission phenotype. Chromatin immunoprecipitation experiments indicate that AGL15 binds the HAE promoter in floral receptacles. AGL15 is then differentially phosphorylated through development in floral receptacles in a MITOGEN-ACTIVATED PROTEIN KINASE KINASE 4/5-dependent manner. MAP kinase phosphorylation of AGL15 is necessary for full HAE expression, thus completing a positive feedback loop controlling HAE expression. Together, the network components in this positive feedback loop constitute an emergent property that regulates the large dynamic range of gene expression (27-fold increase in HAE) observed in flowers when the abscission program is initiated. This study helps define the mechanisms and regulatory networks involved in a receptor-mediated signaling pathway that controls floral organ abscission.
The Decline of Substance Use in Young Adulthood: Changes in Social Activities, Roles, and Beliefs

The Decline of Substance Use in Young Adulthood: Changes in Social Activities, Roles, and Beliefs. Jerald G. Bachman, Patrick M. O'Malley, John E. Schulenberg, Lloyd D. Johnston, Alison L. Bryant, & Alicia C. Merline. Mahwah, NJ: Erlbaum. 2002. 307 pp. ISBN 0-8058-3964-X. $69.95 (cloth). The Decline of Substance Use in Young Adulthood is a research monograph that examines how the freedoms and responsibilities of young adulthood relate to changes in drug use. This volume is essentially a sequel to the authors' earlier book Smoking, Drinking, and Drug Use in Young Adulthood (Bachman et al., 1997). The authors explain that the findings from the first book were the starting point for the current volume; although the new book is designed to stand alone, the authors frequently refer back to their earlier findings and show how they have expanded on those conclusions. These conclusions may not be surprising, but the authors carefully and precisely analyze the relationships among attitudes, beliefs, and values as they relate to changes in drug use in early adulthood. Using data from the Monitoring the Future project, the authors analyze a large, nationally representative sample. The sample consists of members of high school classes of 1976 though 1997 who participated in follow-up surveys into their 20s and 30s. The drug-using behaviors that they define as their dependent variables include cigarette use, alcohol use, heavy drinking, marijuana use, and cocaine use. Young adulthood is a time of many changes, and the authors focus on both the new freedoms and the new responsibilities that accompany this stage of life. They look particularly at student status, work status, marital status, living arrangements, parenthood, and pregnancy as they relate to the frequency of substance use. The authors generally find that the new freedoms following high school graduation increase risk taking, including substance use. As individuals move into adult social roles, such as spouse and parent, they take on more responsibility and become less tolerant of such risky behaviors and their substance use generally decreases. The real contribution of the current volume, however, is the authors' focus on behaviors and attitudes as mediating variables. They look particularly at religiosity; the time spent on social and recreational activities; the perceived risks and disapproval of smoking, heavy drinking, and illicit drug use; and friends' use of substances and the perceived availability of illicit drugs. …
Risk of miscarriage after transcervical and transabdominal CVS in relation to bacterial colonization of the cervix

Cervieo‐genital colonization with micro‐organisms poses a potential threat to the pregnancy when transcervical (TC) CVS is performed. In order to evaluate this threat, cervical swabs in 478 patients were obtained and cultured for bacteria, yeasts, and mycoplasmas; chlamydias were detected by an enzyme immunology test. Two hundred and seventy‐one patients had CVS (ione transvaginally and 207 underwent transabdominal (TA) CVS. Transvaginal specimens were obtained in 61.6 per cent by forceps biopsy. Overall in 29.9 per cent of patients micro‐organisms were detected, the rate and distribution of different species being the same in both groups. There were 36 (7.5 per cent) miscarriages up to 28 weeks of gestation in the combined groups, 29 (10.7 per cent) in the TC‐CVS group and 7 (3.4 percent) in the TA‐CVS group. When miscarriages occurred after TC‐CVS, bacteria/yeasts were involved in 10.3 per cent cif cases and mycoplasmas in 37.9 per cent, this proportion being almost the same in early (<2 weeks) and late (>2 weeks) miscarriages. After TA‐CVS, in 28.6 per cent only mycoplasmas, and this only in late miscarriages (> 2 weeks), were involved, accounting for 40 per cent of late miscarriages.
Secretion of Flavins by Shewanella Species and Their Role in Extracellular Electron Transfer

ABSTRACT Fe(III)-respiring bacteria such as Shewanella species play an important role in the global cycle of iron, manganese, and trace metals and are useful for many biotechnological applications, including microbial fuel cells and the bioremediation of waters and sediments contaminated with organics, metals, and radionuclides. Several alternative electron transfer pathways have been postulated for the reduction of insoluble extracellular subsurface minerals, such as Fe(III) oxides, by Shewanella species. One such potential mechanism involves the secretion of an electron shuttle. Here we identify for the first time flavin mononucleotide (FMN) and riboflavin as the extracellular electron shuttles produced by a range of Shewanella species. FMN secretion was strongly correlated with growth and exceeded riboflavin secretion, which was not exclusively growth associated but was maximal in the stationary phase of batch cultures. Flavin adenine dinucleotide was the predominant intracellular flavin but was not released by live cells. The flavin yields were similar under both aerobic and anaerobic conditions, with total flavin concentrations of 2.9 and 2.1 μmol per gram of cellular protein, respectively, after 24 h and were similar under dissimilatory Fe(III)-reducing conditions and when fumarate was supplied as the sole electron acceptor. The flavins were shown to act as electron shuttles and to promote anoxic growth coupled to the accelerated reduction of poorly crystalline Fe(III) oxides. The implications of flavin secretion by Shewanella cells living at redox boundaries, where these mineral phases can be significant electron acceptors for growth, are discussed.
The Role of Early Growth Response 1 (EGR1) in Brain Plasticity and Neuropsychiatric Disorders

It is now clearly established that complex interactions between genes and environment are involved in multiple aspects of neuropsychiatric disorders, from determining an individual’s vulnerability to onset, to influencing its response to therapeutic intervention. In this perspective, it appears crucial to better understand how the organism reacts to environmental stimuli and provide a coordinated and adapted response. In the central nervous system, neuronal plasticity and neurotransmission are among the major processes integrating such complex interactions between genes and environmental stimuli. In particular, immediate early genes (IEGs) are critical components of these interactions as they provide the molecular framework for a rapid and dynamic response to neuronal activity while opening the possibility for a lasting and sustained adaptation through regulation of the expression of a wide range of genes. As a result, IEGs have been tightly associated with neuronal activity as well as a variety of higher order processes within the central nervous system such as learning, memory and sensitivity to reward. The immediate early gene and transcription factor early growth response 1 (EGR1) has thus been revealed as a major mediator and regulator of synaptic plasticity and neuronal activity in both physiological and pathological conditions. In this review article, we will focus on the role of EGR1 in the central nervous system. First, we will summarize the different factors influencing its activity. Then, we will analyze the amount of data, including genome-wide, that has emerged in the recent years describing the wide variety of genes, pathways and biological functions regulated directly or indirectly by EGR1. We will thus be able to gain better insights into the mechanisms underlying EGR1’s functions in physiological neuronal activity. Finally, we will discuss and illustrate the role of EGR1 in pathological states with a particular interest in cognitive functions and neuropsychiatric disorders.
Blind Decoding of MISO-OSTBC Systems Based on Principal Component Analysis

In this paper, a new second-order statistics (SOS) based method for blind decoding of orthogonal space time block coded (OSTBC) systems with only one receive antenna is proposed. To avoid the inherent ambiguities of this problem, the spatial correlation matrix of the source signals must be non-white and known at the receiver. In practice, this can be achieved by a number of simple linear precoding techniques at the transmitter side. More specifically, it is shown in the paper that if the source correlation matrix has different eigenvalues, then the decoding process can be formulated as the problem of maximizing the sum of a set of weighted variances of the signal estimates. Exploiting the special structure of OSTBCs, this problem can be reduced to a principal component analysis (PCA) problem, which allows us to derive computationally efficient batch and adaptive blind decoding algorithms. The algorithm works for any OSTBC (including the popular Alamouti code) with a single receive antenna. Some simulation results are presented to demonstrate the potential of the proposed procedure
Stochastic glossy global illumination on the GPU

This paper presents an algorithm for the glossy global illumination problem, which runs on the Graphics Processing Unit (GPU). In order to meet the architectural limitations of the GPU, we apply randomization in the iteration scheme. Randomization allows to use that set of the possible light interactions, which can be efficiently computed by the GPU, and makes it unnecessary to read back the result to the CPU. Instead of tessellating the surface geometry, the radiance is stored in texture space, and is updated in each iteration. The visibility problem is solved by hardware shadow mapping after hemicube projection. The shooter of the iteration step is selected by a custom mipmapping scheme, realizing approximate importance sampling. The variance is further reduced by partial analytic integration.
High Specificity in Protein Recognition by Hydrogen‐Bond‐Surrogate α‐Helices: Selective Inhibition of the p53/MDM2 Complex

Stabilized α-helices and nonpeptidic helix mimetics have emerged as powerful molecular scaffolds for the discovery of protein-protein interaction inhibitors. [1–8] Protein-protein interactions often involve large contact areas, which are often difficult for small molecules to target with high specificity. [9–10] The hypothesis behind the design of stabilized helices and helix mimetics is that these medium-sized molecules may pursue their targets with higher specificity because of a larger number of contacts. We recently introduced a new strategy for the preparation of stabilized α-helices, termed hydrogen bond surrogate (HBS) helices, which involves replacement of one of the main chain hydrogen bonds with a covalent linkage (Figure 1A). [11] The salient feature of the HBS approach is its ability to constrain very short peptides into highly stable α-helical conformation without blocking any molecular recognition surfaces. We have extensively analyzed the conformation adopted by HBS α-helices with 2D NMR, X-ray, and circular dichroism spectroscopies. [12–14] In addition, HBS helices have been shown to target their expected protein partners with high affinity in cell-free and cell culture assays. [15–17]
Representation Space-Based Discriminative Graph Construction for Semisupervised Hyperspectral Image Classification

Graph-based semisupervised learning methods have been successfully applied in hyperspectral image (HSI) classification with limited labeled samples. The critical step of graph-based methods is to learn a similarity graph, and numerous graph construction methods have been developed in recent years. However, existing approaches usually return a similarity matrix from the raw data space. In this letter, we propose a representation space-based discriminative graph for semisupervised HSI classification, which can learn the representations of samples and the similarity matrix of representations simultaneously. Moreover, we explicitly incorporate the probabilistic class relationship between sample and class, which can be estimated by the partial label information, into the above model to further boost the discriminability of graph. The experimental results on Hyperion and AVIRIS hyperspectral data demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed approach.
Do Teachers' Race, Gender, and Ethnicity Matter? Evidence from the National Educational Longitudinal Study of 1988

Using data from the National Educational Longitudinal Study of 1988 (NELS), the authors find that the match between teachers' race, gender, and ethnicity and those of their students had little association with how much the students learned, but in several instances it seems to have been a significant determinant of teachers' subjective evaluations of their students. For example, test scores of white female students in mathematics and science did not increase more rapidly when the teacher was a white woman than when the teacher was a white man, but white female teachers evaluated their white female students more highly than did white male teachers.
Employee control over working times: associations with subjective health and sickness absences

Study objective: To investigate the impact of employees' worktime control on health, taking into account other aspects of job control. Design: Analysis of questionnaire data in 1997 and register data on sickness absence during 1996–1998. Setting: Eight towns in Finland. Participants: 6442 municipal employees (1490 men and 4952 women) representing the staff of the towns studied. Follow up was 17 706 person years. Main results: In women, poor health and psychological distress were more prevalent among those in the lowest quartile of worktime control than those in the highest (after adjustment for potential confounders including other aspects of job control, odds ratios and their 95% confidence intervals for poor health and psychological distress were 1.8 (1.5 to 2.3) and 1.6 (1.3 to 2.0), respectively). Correspondingly, the adjusted sickness absence rate was 1.2 (1.1 to 1.2) times higher in women with low worktime control than in women with high worktime control. In men, no significant associations between worktime control and health were found. These results, obtained from the total sample, were replicable within a homogeneous occupational group comprising women and men. Conclusions: Exploration of specific aspects of job control provides new information about potentially reversible causes of health problems in a working population. Worktime control is an independent predictor of health in women but not in men. Dissimilarities in the distribution of occupations between men and women are not a probable explanation for this difference.
Space Vector PWM Techniques for B3-VSI Fed Three-Phase IM Drives

This paper investigates two space vector pulse width modulation (SVM) techniques dedicated to the control of an open-loop induction motor (IM) drives fed by a three-switch three-phase inverter (TSTPI), also known as delta- or B3-voltage source inverter (B3-VSI). The B3-VSI performs a DC to three-phase AC conversion by employing only three power switch devices rather than six ones as in the classical six-switch three-phase inverter (B6- VSI). The reduction of the number of switch devices involves a potential increase in reliability and lifetime of the power conversion system. Nevertheless, the B3-VSI generates only three active voltage vectors and one zero voltage vector, which makes the development of various relevant SVM techniques a complicated task. The two proposed SVM methods allow the application of three voltage vectors for each switching period considering different vector switching sequences. Several differences between the developed SVM techniques are discussed and compared based on simulation results.
Enhancing Traditional Games with Augmented Reality Technologies

Digital technologies are useful to enhance existing traditional games to increase their pleasure. In many games, digital technologies can add special effects to excite a player emotionally. However, the technologies are also useful to help a player to learn complex rules in the games. Especially, traditional games like a poker are not easy to learn for beginners so many recent young people lose interests to play the games. In this paper, we present AR-Hold'em that is an enhanced Texas Hold'em poker game with augmented reality technologies. We also present some user studies showing the effectiveness of our approach.
The Role of the Goal in Solving Hard Computational Problems: Do People Really Optimize?

The role that the mental, or internal, representation plays when people are solving hard computational problems has largely been overlooked to date, despite the reality that this internal representation drives problem solving. In this work we investigate how performance on versions of two hard computational problems differs based on what internal representations can be generated. Our findings suggest that problem solving performance depends not only on the objective difficulty of the problem, and of course the particular problem instance at hand, but also on how feasible it is to encode the goal of the given problem. A further implication of these findings is that previous human performance studies using NP-hard problems may have, surprisingly, underestimated human performance on instances of problems of this class. We suggest ways to meaningfully frame human performance results on instances of computationally hard problems in terms of these problems’ computational complexity, and present a novel framework for interpreting results on problems of this type. The framework takes into account the limitations of the human cognitive system, in particular as it applies to the generation of internal representations of problems of this class.