Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
A Survey of AoIM, Distribution and Communication in Peer-To-Peer Online Games

In this paper we discuss the issues relating to architecture formation in MMOGs and the two principal design choices that must be made when constructing a Peer-to-Peer (P2P) MMOG: the Area of Interest Management (AoIM) scheme and the distribution and communication mechanism. We introduce an updated survey of the state-of-the-art of AoIM in P2P Online Games. We identify key issues in the development and deployment of such architectures. We analyze the main features of existing solutions. The contribution of the paper is a novel perspective in understanding the limitations of existing solutions and discussing the design criteria for an alternative P2P approach to alleviate scalability issues.
Bacterial adaptation to oxidative stress: implications for pathogenesis and interaction with phagocytic cells

During phagocytosis, phagocytic cells generate superoxide and other reactive oxygen species, which are involved in antibacterial activity. However, many bacteria possess antioxidant defenses that may explain their survival in inflammatory foci. These defenses include antioxidant enzymes such as superoxide dismutase and catalase, DNA repair systems, scavenging substrates, and competition with phagocytes for molecular oxygen. These defenses are probably coordinated, and different responses occur with different reactive oxygen species. Escherichia coli and Salmonella typhimurium mutants have allowed the demonstration of a variety of critical genes for enzymatic defense and DNA repair, as well as an oxyR regulon system. In more complex systems, the conditions found in inflammatory foci, such as decreasing glucose and the production of lactate, enhance bacterial catalase production and resistance to hydrogen peroxide. Resistance and adaptation to phagocyte‐derived oxidant stress are critical aspects of bacterial pathogenesis. — Hassett, D. J.; Cohen, M. S. Bacterial adaptation to oxidative stress: implications for pathogenesis and interaction with phagocytic cells. FASEB J. 3: 2574‐2582; 1989.
Suicide and the Creative Class: A Cross-National Examination

ABSTRACT Studies on suicide have illustrated the role society plays in the very individual act of suicide. Suicide research has examined the role of economic development within cities, states, and countries. Florida suggested that a new form of economic development, built around the creative class, is being implemented by the most prosperous cities and countries. Using a cross-national analysis of 59 countries the study finds that as the percent of the creative class increased, suicide increased. The findings indicate that there could be a negative consequence to areas pursuing economic development along the creative class model.
Cognitive behavioural therapy for auditory hallucinations in schizophrenia: A review

AIM To provide an updated of recent findings about efficacy of cognitive-behavior therapy (CBT) in reduction of command hallucinations. METHODS PubMed/MEDLINE, Cochrane Library, the Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature, PsycINFO, ClinicalTrial.gov searches were performed using the keywords “hallucinations”, “behavioural therapy” and “ cognitive therapy” in order to identify relevant articles published during the years of 2011 to 2016. No language limits were used. Studies conducted within control group, reviews, editorials, were excluded. Data on efficacy, acceptability and tolerability were extracted by three authors independently. Disagreements were resolved in a consensus meeting or by another reviewer. RESULTS A total of eight articles were eligible for inclusion. Two are randomized clinical trials (RCTs) and six are observational studies. The two RCTs included showed a greater efficacy of CBT compared to standard care on auditory hallucinations (AHs). Nevertheless, they considered different CBT models, particularly Treatment of Resistant Command Hallucinations and Cognitive Therapy for Command Hallucinations. As regards non RCT-studies, all papers included showed reduction on frequency and severity of AHs and distress related to them. However, the lack of content details within non-RCTs studies decreased their comparability. In terms of predictive variables, our findings show that negative symptoms at baseline appeared to be the strongest predictor of the treatment efficacy. Indeed, negative symptoms showed a significant negative correlation on outcome. CONCLUSION Although more conclusive studies are still needed, we found some preliminary evidence for the efficacy of CBT in the treatment of command hallucinations.
An Analysis of the Pathscale Inc. InfiniBand Host Channel Adapter, InfiniPath

The use of the InfiniBand Network Architecture (IB) in high performance computing (HPC) is a growing market. Several HPC vendors are offering IB as a high-speed message passing interconnect option in their product line today and it is anticipated that the number of installations will continue to grow over the next decade. At this time, it’s predominately being used in capacity type systems. Its use in higher end capability systems is limited at this time, primarily due to the immaturity of the system software and inherent scalability limitations. Pathscale Inc. is addressing some of the key scalability issues, low-latency, message throughput and connectionless based protocols in its InfiniPath product. This report evaluates the performance of the InfiniPath product by analyzing message passing microbenchmarks, Sandia Applications, and comparison to other systems using alternative high performance messaging interconnects.
Profile-feature Based Protein Interaction Extraction from Full-Text Articles

Various methods have been proposed to extract genetic protein-protein interactions from abstracts. These methods are unable to specify the interactions in which molecules are physically related and fail to explore the abundant evidence all over the articles. In this paper, we present a method of mining physical protein-protein interactions by exploiting profile feature from full-text articles during our participation in the second task of BioCreAtIvE Challenge 2006. This method synthesizes the features from the whole article as the protein pair’s profile to extract the physical interactions, and specifies the SwissProt AC of the molecules involved in the interaction to help biologists make use of the information of the molecules, such as the sequence and cross reference. Compared with the other methods’ performance released in BioCreAtIvE 2006, our method has shown very promising results.
Lipid rafts Published, JLR Papers in Press, February 1, 2003. DOI 10.1194/jlr.R200021-JLR200

Lipid rafts are subdomains of the plasma membrane that contain high concentrations of cholesterol and glycosphingolipids. They exist as distinct liquid-ordered regions of the membrane that are resistant to extraction with nonionic detergents. Rafts appear to be small in size, but may constitute a relatively large fraction of the plasma membrane. While rafts have a distinctive protein and lipid composition, all rafts do not appear to be identical in terms of either the proteins or the lipids that they contain. A variety of proteins, especially those involved in cell signaling, have been shown to partition into lipid rafts. As a result, lipid rafts are thought to be involved in the regulation of signal transduction. Experimental evidence suggests that there are probably several different mechanisms through which rafts control cell signaling. For example, rafts may contain incomplete signaling pathways that are activated when a receptor or other required molecule is recruited into the raft. Rafts may also be important in limiting signaling, either by physical sequestration of signaling components to block nonspecific interactions, or by suppressing the intrinsic activity of signaling proteins present within rafts. This review provides an overview of the physical characteristics of lipid rafts and summarizes studies that have helped to elucidate the role of lipid rafts in signaling via receptor tyrosine kinases and G protein-coupled receptors.
Investigating the Effect of Multiple Communities on Kernel-Based Citation Analysis

In this paper, we discuss issues raised by applying Kandola et al.'s Neumann kernels to large citation graphs that have multiple communities. Neumann kernels can identify not only documents related a given document but also the most important documents in a citation graph. However, when Neumann kernels are biased towards importance, topranked documents are uniformly documents in the dominant community of the citation graph irrespective of the communities where the target document is cited. To solve this problem, we model a generation process of citations by probabilistic Latent Semantic Indexing, and then construct a weighted graph (hidden topic graph) for each community (topic). Applying Neumann kernels to each hidden topic graph, we can rank documents on the basis of the communities in which they appear.
Surface Coating with Cyclic RGD Peptides Stimulates Osteoblast Adhesion and Proliferation as well as Bone Formation

The physiological inertness of synthetic implant materials often results in insufficient implant integration and limited acceptance of implants in tissues. After implantation the implant surface is often separated from the surrounding healthy and regenerating tissue, for example by a fibrous capsule. To avoid this host‐versus‐graft reaction, a strong mechanical contact between tissue and implant must be ensured. An enhanced contact between graft and the surrounding tissue can be provided by coating the implant with cell‐adhesive molecules. The highly active and αvβ3‐ and αvβ5‐integrin‐selective peptide c(‐RGDfK‐) (f=D‐phenylalanine) was functionalized with various linker molecules containing an acrylamide end group by using the lysine side chain of c(‐RGDfK‐). The acrylamide group can be used to bind the peptide covalently to poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) surfaces. The coated surfaces effectively bind to murine osteoblasts as well as human osteoblasts in vitro when a minimum distance of 3.5 nm between surface and the constrained RGD sequence is provided. In contrast to osteoblasts in cell suspension, surface‐bound osteoblasts show no apoptosis but proliferate by a factor of 10 over a 22 d period. Coating of inert implant surfaces with highly active and αv‐selective peptides affords a marked improvement in osteoblast binding over current technologies. In vivo studies show that peptide‐coated PMMA pellets implanted into the patella groove of rabbits are integrated into the regenerating bone tissue faster and more strongly than uncoated pellets.
Running ModelGraft to Evaluate Internet-scale ICN

The analysis of Internet-scale Information-centric networks, and of cache networks in general, poses scalability issues like CPU and memory requirements, which can not be easily targeted by neither state-of-the-art analytical models nor well designed event-driven simulators. This demo focuses on showcasing performance of our new hybrid methodology, named ModelGraft, which we release as a simulation engine of the open-source ccnSim simulator: being able to seamlessly use a classic event-driven or the novel hybrid engine dramatically improves the flexibility and scalability of current simulative and analytical tools. In particular, ModelGraft combines elements and intuitions of stochastic analysis into a MonteCarlo simulative approach, offering a reduction of over two orders of magnitude in both CPU time and memory occupancy, with respect to the purely event-driven version of ccnSim, notably one of the most scalable simulators for Information-centric networks. This demo consists in gamifying the aforementioned comparison: we represent ModelGraft vs event-driven simulation as two athletes running a 100-meter competition using sprite-based animations. Differences between the two approaches in terms of CPU time, memory occupancy, and results accuracy, are highlighted in the score-board.
Neural Network-Based Model for Japanese Predicate Argument Structure Analysis

This paper presents a novel model for Japanese predicate argument structure (PAS) analysis based on a neural network framework. Japanese PAS analysis is challenging due to the tangled characteristics of the Japanese language, such as case disappearance and argument omission. To unravel this problem, we learn selectional preferences from a large raw corpus, and incorporate them into a SOTA PAS analysis model, which considers the consistency of all PASs in a given sentence. We demonstrate that the proposed PAS analysis model signiﬁcantly outperforms the base SOTA system.
Evolution of User Activity and Community Formation in an Online Social Network

The paper performs an empirical study of the My Space Online Social Network (OSN). It aims to capture the evolution of user population, to examine user activity, and finally to characterize community formation using two well established community finding algorithms, namely the Fortuna to et al. and the Clique Percolation algorithms. Both algorithms are known to be effective in identifying communities in large graphs, starting at seed nodes and utilizing only local interactions between nodes. One million user profiles were randomly collected in a month's period. For each profile certain attributes were fetched: profile status (public, private, invalid), member since and last login dates, number of friends, number of views, etc. The profiles and their attributes were analyzed in order to reveal the evolution in user population and the activity of the participating members. Significant conclusions were drawn for the synthesis of the population based on profile status, the number of friends, and the duration My Space members stay active. Subsequently, a large number of communities were identified aiming to reveal the structure of the underlying social network graph. The collected data were further analyzed in order to characterize community size and density but also to retrieve correlations in the activity among members of the same community. A total of 171 communities were detected with Fortunato's algorithm, while using Clique Percolation this number was 201. Results demonstrate that My Space members tend to form dense communities. For the first time, strong correlation in the last login date (the main attribute that shows user activity) for members of the same community was documented. It was also shown that members participating in the same community have similar values for other attributes like for example number of friends. Lastly, there is strong evidence that participation of users in communities inhibits them from abandoning My Space.
An Examination of Therapeutic Alliance Patterns, Client Attachment, Client Interpersonal Problems, and Therapy Outcome in Process-experiential and Cognitive-behavioural Treatment for Depression

This study investigated temporal patterns of therapeutic alliance development across treatment and their relationship to outcome, and the relationship between client attachment styles and interpersonal problems and alliance strength and patterns across treatment. Sixty-six clients diagnosed with major depression participated in one of two 16-week treatment conditions: Process-experiential therapy and Cognitive-behavioural therapy. Results revealed two alliance “shape” patterns; Stable Linear and Steep LinearQuadratic, as well as two alliance “shape and level” patterns; High Strength LinearQuadratic and Low-to-Mid Strength Stable. Results indicated that the two alliance “shape” patterns did not differentially predict treatment outcome. With respect to “shape and level” patterns, results revealed that clients with a High Strength Linear-Quadratic alliance pattern had better treatment outcomes than clients with a Low-to-Mid Strength Stable alliance pattern. In terms of client attachment style, results indicated that clients with a Steep Linear-Quadratic “shape” pattern report more discomfort with closeness at pre-treatment. Further, clients with a High-Strength Linear-Quadratic “shape and level” pattern report more confidence and less need for approval at pre-treatment. With respect to client interpersonal problems, results revealed that clients with a Steep Linear-
Fate of induced pluripotent stem cells following transplantation to murine seminiferous tubules

Studies of human germ cell development are limited in large part by inaccessibility of germ cells during development. Moreover, although several studies have reported differentiation of mouse and human germ cells from pluripotent stem cells (PSCs) in vitro, differentiation of human germ cells from PSCs in vivo has not been reported. Here, we tested whether mRNA reprogramming in combination with xeno-transplantation may provide a viable system to probe the genetics of human germ cell development via use of induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs). For this purpose, we derived integration-free iPSCs via mRNA-based reprogramming with OCT3/4, SOX2, KLF4 and cMYC alone (OSKM) or in combination with the germ cell-specific mRNA, VASA (OSKMV). All iPSC lines met classic criteria of pluripotency. Moreover, global gene expression profiling did not distinguish large differences between undifferentiated OSKM and OSKMV iPSCs; however, some differences were observed in expression of pluripotency factors and germ cell-specific genes, and in epigenetic profiles and in vitro differentiation studies. In contrast, transplantation of undifferentiated iPSCs directly into the seminiferous tubules of germ cell-depleted immunodeficient mice revealed divergent fates of iPSCs produced with different factors. Transplantation resulted in morphologically and immunohistochemically recognizable germ cells in vivo, particularly in the case of OSKMV cells. Significantly, OSKMV cells also did not form tumors while OSKM cells that remained outside the seminiferous tubule proliferated extensively and formed tumors. Results indicate that mRNA reprogramming in combination with transplantation may contribute to tools for genetic analysis of human germ cell development.
A multicast protocol in ad hoc networks inter-vehicle geocast

The intelligent transportation systems ITS cause a significant passion since the appearance of new inter-vehicles communication mechanisms based on mobile networks. The wireless ad hoc networks, completely distributed and not depending on infrastructures, allow the fast and cheap development of such mechanisms. This article concerns multicast in wireless ad-hoc networks applied to ITS. We propose a new protocol called IVG inter-vehicles geocast which consists in informing all the vehicles of a highway about any danger such as an accident or any other obstacle. In this case, risk areas are determined according to the driving direction and the positioning of the vehicles. These vehicles define a restricted broadcast group, so-called, multicast group. Multicast group, contrary to the classical methods, which use node identities, is defined temporally and dynamically by the location, speed and driving direction of vehicles. Some simulations thanks to Glomosim tool, for which we have defined a model for the road transport, and studies of the complexity are given. The results show that IVG is an efficient broadcast method for secure highway transportation and reduces the number of useful messages.
Phosphoregulation promotes release of kinetochores from dynamic microtubules via multiple mechanisms

During mitosis, multiprotein complexes called kinetochores orchestrate chromosome segregation by forming load-bearing attachments to dynamic microtubule tips, and by participating in phosphoregulatory error correction. The conserved kinase Aurora B phosphorylates the major microtubule-binding kinetochore subcomplexes, Ndc80 and (in yeast) Dam1, to promote release of erroneous attachments, giving another chance for proper attachments to form. It is unknown whether Aurora B phosphorylation promotes release directly, by increasing the rate of kinetochore detachment, or indirectly, by destabilizing the microtubule tip. Moreover, the relative importance of phosphorylation of Ndc80 vs. Dam1 in the context of whole kinetochores is unclear. To address these uncertainties, we isolated native yeast kinetochore particles carrying phosphomimetic mutations on Ndc80 and Dam1, and applied advanced laser-trapping techniques to measure the strength and stability of their attachments to individual dynamic microtubule tips. Rupture forces were reduced by phosphomimetic mutations on both subcomplexes, in an additive manner, indicating that both subcomplexes make independent contributions to attachment strength. Phosphomimetics on either subcomplex reduced attachment lifetimes under constant force, primarily by accelerating detachment during microtubule growth. Phosphomimetics on Dam1 also increased the likelihood of switches from microtubule growth into shortening, further promoting release in an indirect manner. Taken together, our results suggest that, in vivo, Aurora B releases kinetochores via at least two mechanisms: by weakening the kinetochore-microtubule interface and also by destabilizing the kinetochore-attached microtubule tip.
A centralized inter-network resource sharing (CIRS) scheme in IEEE 802.22 cognitive networks

IEEE 802.22 is a standard for Wireless Regional Area Network (WRAN) based on cognitive radio techniques. It allows sharing of geographically unused spectrum allocated to the Television Broadcast Service, without causing harmful interference to the licensed users. An open issue in cognitive 802.22 networks is represented by the resource distribution among WRANs. The contribution of this paper is a resource sharing algorithm which assigns resources to overlapped WRANs in such a way to avoid harmful interference among them. Specifically, we propose a collision free resource sharing method which, working in a multichannel environment, aims to assign band to the coexisting WRANs, satisfying their spectrum demand and determining a fair spectrum scheduling. The novel method adapts to the continuous changes of the spectrum availability due to necessity of vacating a channel in case of the incumbent primary users or otherwise due to the addition of unused band. Moreover, the introduced allocation scheme takes into account the issue of spatial diversity, i.e. the case where some channels do not spatially cover all the WRANs. The effectiveness of the proposed multichannel resource sharing scheme is proved through simulations, and the results, compared with other methods already known in literature, show that the algorithm makes a resource assignment which satisfies the requests and improve the use of the available channels, increasing the spectral efficiency.
IMPLEMENTATION OF NEURAL-CRYPTOGRAPHIC SYSTEM USING FPGA

Modern cryptography techniques are virtually unbreakable. As the Internet and other forms of electronic communication become more prevalent, electronic security is becoming increasingly important. Cryptography is used to protect email messages, credit card information, and corporate data. The design of the cryptography system is a conventional cryptography that uses one key for encryption and decryption process. The chosen cryptography algorithm is stream cipher algorithm that encrypt one bit at a time. The central problem in the stream-cipher cryptography is the difficulty of generating a long unpredictable sequence of binary signals from short and random key. Pseudo random number generators (PRNG) have been widely used to construct this key sequence. The pseudo random number generator was designed using the Artificial Neural Networks (ANN). The Artificial Neural Networks (ANN) providing the required nonlinearity properties that increases the randomness statistical properties of the pseudo random generator. The learning algorithm of this neural network is backpropagation learning algorithm. The learning process was done by software program in Matlab (software implementation) to get the efficient weights. Then, the learned neural network was implemented using field programmable gate array (FPGA).