Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Consideration and Initiating Structure: Are They Basic Dimensions of Leader Behavior?.

Although consideration and initiating structure are widely accepted as basic dimensions of leader behavior and scales measuring these dimensions have been employed in research for almost 30 years, the validity of the scales and the interpretation of the factors on which they are based were never fully tested. In 2 recent studies it has been indicated that the factors are multi-dimensional and probably do not represent fundamental dimensions of leader behavior. Furthermore, the consideration and initiating structure scales of the LBDQ and LBD-XII are heavily contaminated by judgments of desirability and dynamism, rendering them unsuitable as descriptions of behavior in research involving similar judgment variables such as job satisfaction.
Regurgitate : Using GIT For F / LOSS Data Collection

We have created a new tool, regurgitate, for importing CVS repositories into the GIT source code management system. Important features of GIT include great expressiveness in capturing relationships between revisions and across files as well as extremely high-speed processing. These features make GIT an ideal platform for gathering detailed longitudinal metrics for open source projects. The availability of regurgitate facilitates using GIT as an analysis tool for that majority of open source projects that keep their repositories in CVS. In particular, GIT is fast enough that it is practical to replay the entire development history of a project commitat-a-time, collecting metrics at each step. We demonstrate this process for a simple metric and a collection of benchmark F/LOSS repositories. 1. THE REPOSITORY MIASMA The measurement and analysis of software properties of large systems has always been a substantial challenge. The development model used in F/LOSS has exacerbated this challenge. Because F/LOSS software is usually developed by distributed teams, with little formal control over the software engineering process, there is little opportunity to institute metric collection and feed metrics into the process during development. Further, up until the last five years or so, the principal F/LOSS source code management tools have been RCS [5] and CVS [1]. RCS is a per-file tool with no notion of projectlevel development at all. While the usual usages of RCS actually retain a good deal of development history, that history is distributed across the various RCS files that comprise the repository. CVS was originally implemented as a collection of shell scripts designed to work as a front-end to RCS for data collection. While it does structure the RCS commit and checkout process somewhat, its principal contribution is merely to provide safe “concurrent” access to the repository by multiple developers. As such, CVS has historically lost a great deal of history at each commit. Unfortunately, the failure to collect metrics during F/LOSS development limits the methods available to collect historical metric data on F/LOSS projects. In spite of the limited history retained by the tool, analysis of CVS archives generally is the only way forward.
A multilevel p2 model with covariates for the analysis of binary bully-victim network data in multiple classrooms

Many studies have been aimed at defining the exact nature of bullying, identifying bullies and their victims in school classes, investigating the personal and developmental characteristics of bullies and victims, and evaluating intervention programs to prevent bullying (see, e.g. Espelage & Swearer, 2003). Children have different roles in bullying (Schwartz, 2000), and some pairs of children lead to more bullying than others (Coie et al., 1999). Relatively little is known about the dyadic properties of bullies and victims (Rodkin & Berger, in press). Recently, a dual perspective theory of bullying was proposed, focusing on the dyadic nature of the bully-victim relationship (R. Veenstra et al., 2007). This theory is tested on pre-adolescent data from TRAILS (Tracking Adolescents’ Individual Lives Survey). TRAILS is designed to chart and explain the development of mental health and social development from preadolescence into adulthood (De Winter et al., 2005; Oldehinkel, Hartman, De Winter, Veenstra, & Ormel, 2004). Students were asked to report about several of their ties with classmates. This round robin design yields in principle two observations for each
Strategy, Technology, and Social Processes With in Professional Cultures: A Negotiated Order, Ethnographic Perspective

As an element of formal organizational structure, strategy has arisen as an icon of an increasingly organizationbased society, while the application of technology to perform organizational functions has become an accepted aspect of contemporary life. Combined, strategy and technology suggest organizational orderliness, rationality, and efficiency. A variety of literatures has recognized the symbolic role of strategy and technology, as well as professional endeavor, in legitimating organizational functioning and change, wherein the vested political interests of an organization’s strategic apex may be veiled by a rhetoric of objectivity and professionalism. However, this literature has remained largely theoretical in nature. An ethnographic field study of the Big 6 public accounting firms examined the interpenetration of strategy, technology, and internal social processes. It found, for example, that audit technologies were developed and unilaterally implemented by the strategic apex of the firms to achieve such stated objectives as enhancing auditor “efficiency. ” However, the implemented technologies were frequently resisted, transformed, and redirected to serve the ends of the operating core, or practitioner subculture, of the firms. Thus, strategy, technology, and social process are seen as interpenetrated within the active political-social milieu that is public accounting.
Race and Ethnicity in Leisure Behavior: Where Have We Been and Where Do We Need to Go?

Race and Ethnicity in Leisure Behavior: Where Have We Been and Where Do We Need to Go? Kimberly J. Shinew a , Monika Stodolska b , Myron Floyd c , Dan Hibbler d , Maria Allison e , Cassandra Johnson f & Carla Santos b a Department of Recreation, Sport, and Tourism , University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign , Champaign, IL, USA b University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign , USA c North Carolina State University , USA d DePaul University , USA e Arizona State University , USA f USDA Forest Service , USA Published online: 22 Sep 2006.
Formless in Form: Kenko, Tsurezuregusa and the Rhetoric of Japanese Fragmentary Prose

What makes a work of literature readable? This book asks that question of one of the classics of Japanese literature, the Tsurezuregusa (Essays in Idleness) by Kenko (1283-1352), a collection of brief, fragmentary reflections on a number of subjects. In Japanese literary history the work is classified as one of the first collections of zuihitsu, or informal essay. This first extended critical treatment of Tsurezuregusa goes back to its author and his time to rebuild the discursive world of the early fourteenth century and to examine such matters as whether genre labels assist reading or obscure significant comparisons and contexts. The book presents compelling arguments against considering Tsurezuregusa as an example of zuihitsu; instead, the text is treated as a deliberate, controlled effort by Kenko to force the reader to confront the impermanent and contingent nature of existence through experiencing the text. The book develops this view by studying the collaborative strategies operating between writers and readers in medieval Japan, the intellectual intent and devices of Kenko's text, and the many kinds of writing on which it draws. We learn how a text with a commitment to shaping responses to the world is simultaneously dedicated to exploding the reader's identification with the presumably unchanging facts of existence. The aesthetics of impermanence (mujo), central to medieval Japanese thinking, emerges not only as what writing is about but also as a means to demonstrate and to encourage the enactment of aesthetics by readers. Thus, a work that seems formless, to have little structure, is shown to be so in the interest of form, that is, of conveying a clear meaning to its audience. Or, to express it with a more Buddhist inflection amenable to Kenko, although the form that we can perceive is contingent on conditions and is hence formless, the fact of form continues to matter absolutely. Both literature and the nature of existence are readable because of the interplay of provisional and absolute truths, of the writer's and the reader's approaches to texts.
Dynamic Transition of a Methanogenic Population in Response to the Concentration of Volatile Fatty Acids in a Thermophilic Anaerobic Digester

ABSTRACT In this study, the microbial community succession in a thermophilic methanogenic bioreactor under deteriorative and stable conditions that were induced by acidification and neutralization, respectively, was investigated using PCR-mediated single-strand conformation polymorphism (SSCP) based on the 16S rRNA gene, quantitative PCR, and fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH). The SSCP analysis indicated that the archaeal community structure was closely correlated with the volatile fatty acid (VFA) concentration, while the bacterial population was impacted by pH. The archaeal community consisted mainly of two species of hydrogenotrophic methanogen (i.e., a Methanoculleus sp. and a Methanothermobacter sp.) and one species of aceticlastic methanogen (i.e., a Methanosarcina sp.). The quantitative PCR of the 16S rRNA gene from each methanogen revealed that the Methanoculleus sp. predominated among the methanogens during operation under stable conditions in the absence of VFAs. Accumulation of VFAs induced a dynamic transition of hydrogenotrophic methanogens, and in particular, a drastic change (i.e., an approximately 10,000-fold increase) in the amount of the 16S rRNA gene from the Methanothermobacter sp. The predominance of the one species of hydrogenotrophic methanogen was replaced by that of the other in response to the VFA concentration, suggesting that the dissolved hydrogen concentration played a decisive role in the predominance. The hydrogenotrophic methanogens existed close to bacteria in aggregates, and a transition of the associated bacteria was also observed by FISH analyses. The degradation of acetate accumulated during operation under deteriorative conditions was concomitant with the selective proliferation of the Methanosarcina sp. , indicating effective acetate degradation by the aceticlastic methanogen. The simple methanogenic population in the thermophilic anaerobic digester significantly responded to the environmental conditions, especially to the concentration of VFAs.
Unsupervised learning of common sense event structures from simple English stories

We present a program that builds up an internal event representation by exposure to common sense stories. The stories come from the OMICS corpus, and are English narratives about the steps involved with everyday household tasks, such as “get the mail” and “make a bed”. With repeated exposure to different stories describing the same events, our program learns a sequential hierarchical structure that reveals the sequential nature of events and the nested relationship between events (goals) and sub-events (sub-goals). Single events are merged using lexical semantic equivalence, and both single events and event chains are merged using functional equivalence. Functional equivalence of an action means both its preceding and succeeding events are equivalent. Section 1 of this paper provides an introduction to the problem of giving computers common sense, which leads into a multidisciplinary exposition of the event chain or “narrative” representation. Section 2 explains the working of the program, and describes how it relates to the problem of concept learning. Section 3 concludes with a conclusion of contributions, the problems of this approach, and next steps for this research.
An improved face recognition method using Local Binary Pattern method

Security system based on biometrics is becoming more popular everyday as a part of safety and security measurement against all kind of crimes. Among several kinds of biometric security systems, face recognition is one of the most popular one. It is one of the most accurate, mostly used recognition methods in modern world. In this paper, two most popular face recognition methods have been discussed and compared using average image on Yale database. To reduce calculation complexity, all training and test images are converted into gray scale images. The whole face recognition process can be divided into two parts face detection and face identification. For face detection part, Viola Jones face detection method has been used out of several face detection methods. After face detection, face is cropped from the actual image to remove the background and the resolution is set as 150×150 pixels. Eigenfaces and fisherfaces methods have been used for face identification part. Average images of subjects have been used as training set to improve the accuracy of identification. Both methods are investigated using MATLAB to find the better performance under average image condition. Accuracy and time consumption has been calculated using MATLAB code on Yale image database. In future, this paper will be helpful for further research on comparison of different face recognition methods using average images on different database.
Transplantation of Adult Mouse iPS Cell-Derived Photoreceptor Precursors Restores Retinal Structure and Function in Degenerative Mice

This study was designed to determine whether adult mouse induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs), could be used to produce retinal precursors and subsequently photoreceptor cells for retinal transplantation to restore retinal function in degenerative hosts. iPSCs were generated using adult dsRed mouse dermal fibroblasts via retroviral induction of the transcription factors Oct4, Sox2, KLF4 and c-Myc. As with normal mouse ES cells, adult dsRed iPSCs expressed the pluripotency genes SSEA1, Oct4, Sox2, KLF4, c-Myc and Nanog. Following transplantation into the eye of immune-compromised retinal degenerative mice these cells proceeded to form teratomas containing tissue comprising all three germ layers. At 33 days post-differentiation a large proportion of the cells expressed the retinal progenitor cell marker Pax6 and went on to express the photoreceptor markers, CRX, recoverin, and rhodopsin. When tested using calcium imaging these cells were shown to exhibit characteristics of normal retinal physiology, responding to delivery of neurotransmitters. Following subretinal transplantation into degenerative hosts differentiated iPSCs took up residence in the retinal outer nuclear layer and gave rise to increased electro retinal function as determined by ERG and functional anatomy. As such, adult fibroblast-derived iPSCs provide a viable source for the production of retinal precursors to be used for transplantation and treatment of retinal degenerative disease.
DNA extraction and HLA genotyping using mailed mouth brushes from children

Abstract: The need for blood samples in genetic epidemiologic studies often leads to low response rate among non‐diseased individuals, and the collection of blood samples is costly and labor‐intensive. We tested the feasibility of extracting DNA for human leukocyte antigen (HLA) typing from buccal cells collected with mailed, self‐administered mouth brushes. A random sample of 1474 Norwegian children aged 0–17 yr was contacted by mail and received information about the study and mouth brushes for buccal cell samples. Brushes were returned by mail, DNA was extracted and the HLA‐DQA1 and ‐DQB1 allelic polymorphisms were determined using polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and sequence‐specific oligonucleotide probes. Mouth swabs were returned from 1068 (72.5%). Of these, DNA was extracted and HLA typing successfully completed for 1056 individuals (98.9%). In conclusion, we have described an efficient and safe set of methods for application in genetic epidemiologic studies of type 1 diabetes and other HLA‐related diseases. A large proportion of randomly selected children returned self‐administered mouth swabs with DNA of sufficient quality and quantity for HLA genotyping.
Estimating a Dose–Response Relationship Between Time Served in Prison and Recidivism

Objectives: Estimate the dose–response relationship between time served in prison and offenders’ odds of recidivism. Methods: Using a large, representative sample of adult offenders released from prison under postrelease supervision in the state of Ohio, we examine the relationship between the length of time these offenders served in prison and their odds of recidivism during the year following their release. Multivariate logistic regression and analyses involving propensity score matching for ordered doses are both used to estimate the time served–recidivism relationship. Results: Analyses of these data revealed that offenders confined for longer periods of time had lower odds of recidivism, but these odds were only substantively lower for those offenders who served the longest periods of time in prison. Findings suggest the inverse effect of time served was not realized until after offenders have been confined for at least five years. Conclusion: Study findings indicate that the specific deterrent effect of prison sentences may be limited, and sentences less than five years may be reduced in order to save costs without a substantial threat to public safety.
PIM: Parallelization of Ising Model for Genomics Data

Ising model was originally designed to address the interactions among the atoms inside magnetic field. As it can fit into many biological problems where adjacent entities can interact with each other, Ising model is geting more and more popular. with its help, people may have a deeper and better understanding of associations between two related entities like genes and their products. However, it may require a lot of time to solve Ising model problem when the size of the dataset is large. To tackle the speed problem, we introduce two different parallelized implementations of Ising model problem on two mainstream processors in high performance computing field, multi-core CPUs and many-core GPUs. The test results show that they can increase the performance with different speedups on datasets with varying sizes.
Web Services : Distributed Computing for the New Millennium ?

The World Wide Web (WWW) has become more than just a source for media-rich information; it has begun to provide “services”: self-describing, machine discoverable published resources for processing business information. Web Services are being hailed as a solution to many of the problems of distributed computing and as the future of electronic business. This paper examines the issues involved with the development of Web Services, and the progress of the technologies offered for their implementation so far.
Self‐esteem mediates the associations among negative affect, body disturbances, and interpersonal problems in treatment‐seeking obese individuals

Background: This study investigated the relationship among negative affect, body image disturbances (BID), and interpersonal problems, and the mediating effect of self-esteem in a group of treatment-seeking obese individuals. Methods: Four hundred twenty-two obese patients (85 males and 337 females) completed standardised measures that assessed negative affect, BID, self-esteem, and interpersonal problems. Results: Structural equation modelling showed that obese individuals with greater negative affect and BID reported higher interpersonal problems and that self-esteem mediated the relationships among negative affect, BID, and interpersonal problems. Conclusions: The mediating role of self-esteem in the relationship between interpersonal functioning and psychological distress needs to be considered when selecting psychologically based interventions that aim to improve the well-being of treatment-seeking obese patients.
Engineering planar-separator and shortest-path algorithms

"Algorithm engineering" denotes the process of designing, implementing, testing, analyzing, and refining computational proceedings to improve their performance. We consider three graph problems -- planar separation, single-pair shortest-path routing, and multimodal shortest-path routing -- and conduct a systematic study in order to: classify different kinds of input; draw concrete recommendations for choosing the parameters involved; and identify and tune crucial parts of the algorithm.
Seabed Structure Inferences From TREX13 Reflection Measurements

Seabed reflection measurements can be used to infer highly detailed properties of marine sediments. The information content is largely contained in the interference pattern in frequency-angle arising from wave constructive and destructive interference in a plane layer. Wide-angle reflection measurements at a ridge crest and a swale site off the coast of Panama City, FL, USA, instead show interference patterns that are highly perturbed. Interface roughness was hypothesized to be the cause of the perturbations. This hypothesis is examined using numerical simulations. Measured data and simulations at the swale site show broadband peaks and troughs due to focusing/defocusing effects from boundary curvature which perturbs the interference pattern. While the hypothesis roughness is likely correct at the swale site, the roughness statistics are not known sufficiently to validate the hypothesis. At the crest site including roughness did not lead to strong similarities with the data. Interference pattern perturbations at both sites eliminated the possibility of estimating sediment parameters from inversion of broadband wide-angle data. Instead, sediment properties were estimated by inspection and forward modeling. The estimates reasonably agree with geoacoustic properties estimated from normal incidence measurements in the swale and indicate similar sound speeds and densities on two ridges ∼6 km apart.
Testing the situationally modified social rank theory on friendship quality in male youth with high-functioning autism spectrum disorder.

This study examined the impact of a situationally modified social rank (SMSR) based intervention on friendship quality of boys with high-functioning autistic spectrum disorders (HFASDs). Six male youth ages 10-14 years with HFASDs and their mothers, and six typically developing age/gender matched peers participated. Youth with HFASDs were trained to use a popular videogame for 3-6 weeks. After the training period, they taught peers without HFASDs to play the game. All participants completed pre- and post-intervention interviews that addressed social situations and intervention outcomes. Youth also completed friendship questionnaires pre- and post-intervention. The findings suggest that the SMSR based intervention improved some components of friendship quality, peer recognition through physical competence, and social expectations among participants.