Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The menisci of the knee joint. Anatomical and functional characteristics, and a rationale for clinical treatment

The menisci and their insertions into bone (entheses) represent a functional unit. Thanks to their firm entheses, the menisci are able to distribute loads and therefore reduce the stresses on the tibia, a function which is regarded essential for cartilage protection and prevention of osteoarthrosis. The tissue of the hypocellular meniscal body consists mainly of water and a dense elaborate type I collagen network with a predominantly circumferential alignment. The content of different collagens, proteoglycans and nonproteoglycan proteins shows significant regional variations probably reflecting functional adaptation. The meniscal horns are attached via meniscal insertional ligaments mainly to tibial bone. At the enthesis, the fibres of the insertional ligaments attach to bone via uncalcified and calcified fibrocartilages. This anatomical configuration of gradual transition from soft to hard tissue, which is identical to other ligament entheses, is certainly essential for normal mechanical function and probably protects this vulnerable transition between 2 biomechanically different tissues from failure. Clinical treatment of meniscal tears needs to be based on these special anatomical and functional characteristics. Partial meniscectomy will preserve some of the load distribution function of the meniscus only when the meniscal body enthesis entity is preserved. Repair of peripheral longitudinal tears will heal and probably preserve the load distribution function of the meniscus, whereas radial tears through the whole meniscal periphery or more central and complex tears may be induced to heal, but probably do not preserve the load distribution function. There is no proof that replacement of the meniscus with an allograft can reestablish some of the important meniscal functions, and thereby prevent or reduce the development of osteoarthrosis which is common after meniscectomy. After implantation, major problems are the remodelling of the graft to inferior structural, biochemical and mechanical properties and its insufficient fixation to bone which fails to duplicate a normal anatomical configuration and therefore a functional meniscal enthesis.
Using the geometric mean fluorescence intensity index method to measure ZaP-70 expression in patients with chronic lymphocytic leukemia

: Expression of ζ -chain-associated protein kinase 70 kDa (ZAP-70) in chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) is associated with more aggressive disease and can help differentiate CLL from cases expressing mutated or unmutated immunoglobulin heavy chain variable region ( IgHV ) genes. However, standardizing ZAP-70 expression by flow cytometric analysis has proved unsatisfactory. The key point is that ZAP-70 is weakly expressed with a continuous expression pattern rather than a clear discrimination between positive and negative CLL cells, which means that the resulting judgment is subjective. Thus, in this study, we aimed at assessing the reliability and repeatability of ZAP-70 expression using the geometric mean fluorescence intensity (geo MFI) index method based on flow cytometry with 256-channel resolution in a series of 402 CLL patients and to compare ZAP-70 with other biological and clinical prognosticators. According to IgHV mutational status, we were able to confirm that the optimal cut-off point for the geo MFI index was 3.5 in the test set. In multivariate analyses that included the major clinical and biological prognostic markers for CLL, the prognostic impact of ZAP-70 expression appeared to have stronger discriminatory power when the geo MFI index method was applied. In addition, we found that ZAP-70-positive patients according to the geo MFI index method had shorter time to first treatment or overall survival ( P = 0.0002, P = 0.0491). This is the first report showing that ZAP-70 expression can be evaluated by a new approach, the geo MFI index, which could be a useful prognostic method as it is more reliable, less subjective, and therefore better associated with improvement of CLL prognostication and prediction of clinical course.
Visualizing ontologies with VOWL

The Visual Notation for OWL Ontologies (VOWL) is a well-specified visual language for the user-oriented representation of ontologies. It defines graphical depictions for most elements of the Web Ontology Language (OWL) that are combined to a force-directed graph layout visualizing the ontology. In contrast to related work, VOWL aims for an intuitive and comprehensive representation that is also understandable to users less familiar with ontologies. This article presents VOWL in detail and describes its implementation in two different tools: ProtegeVOWL and WebVOWL. The first is a plugin for the ontology editor Protege, the second a standalone web application. Both tools demonstrate the applicability of VOWL by means of various ontologies. In addition, the results of three user studies that evaluate the comprehensibility and usability of VOWL are summarized. They are complemented by findings from an interview with experienced ontology users and from testing the visual scope and completeness of VOWL with a benchmark ontology. The evaluations helped to improve VOWL and confirm that it produces comparatively intuitive and comprehensible ontology visualizations.
Automating SQL Injection and Cross-Site Scripting Vulnerability Remediation in Code

: Internet-based distributed systems dominate contemporary software applications. To enable these applications to operate securely, software developers must mitigate the threats posed by malicious actors. For instance, the developers must identify vulnerabilities in the software and eliminate them. However, to do so manually is a costly and time-consuming process. To reduce these costs, we designed and implemented Code Auto-Remediation for Enhanced Security (CARES), a web application that automatically identifies and remediates the two most common types of vulnerabilities in Java-based web applications: SQL injection (SQLi) and Cross-Site Scripting (XSS). As is shown by a case study presented in this paper, CARES mitigates these vulnerabilities by refactoring the Java code using the Intercepting Filter design pattern. The flexible, microservice-based CARES design can be readily extended to support other injection vulnerabilities, remediation design patterns, and programming languages.
Tree Species and Environmental Factors Determine Fatty Acids Composition of Ectomycorrhizal Mycelia

By observing the effect of pH and temperature on mycelia growth of eight ECM fungal species from larch ( Larixgmelini and L. kaempferi ), we found that only Boleteuspictus and Suillus grevillei-2 with maximum optimal growth of pH 4.0 and of 25 °C belong to the species of narrow range of pH and temperature, while other species varied from pH 4.0 to pH 8.0, and at 10~30°C. Furthermore,all larch species contained four main lipid biomarkers of 18:2 ωωωωω 6,9c, 18:1 ωωωωω 9c, 16:0and 10Me 18:0 TBSA, accounting for up to 80% of relative abundance. The values of 18:1 ωωωωω 9c / 16:0, 16:0/10Me 16:0 and 18:2 ωωωωω 6,9c/TBSA 10Me 18:0 were 1: 1 in all the ECM mycelia, and 5: 1 in limit to ECM mycelia of larch in terms of fatty acids stoichiometry. By multivariate analysis, the fatty acids profiles had clearly separated either between species in larch and in Norway spruce, or between S. grevillei-1 in L. gmelini and S. grevillei -2 in L. kaempferi . Taken together, these findings suggested that FA profiles of pure cultured mycelia might have a chemotaxonomic potential in ECM fungi, and that FA composition as well as FA stoichiometry were affected by the host tree species and environmental factors.
Ambulatory anesthetic care in pediatric tonsillectomy: challenges and risks

: Pediatric tonsillectomy is a common surgery around the world. Surgical indications are obstructive sleep apnea and recurrent tonsillitis. Despite the frequency of tonsillectomy in children, most aspects of perioperative care are supported by scant evidence. Recent guidelines provide important recommendations although clinician adherence or awareness of published guidance is variable and inconsistent. Current guidelines establish criteria for screening children for post-tonsillectomy observation, though most are based on low-grade evidence or consensus. Current recommendations for admission are: age , 3 years; significant obstructive sleep apnea; obesity; and significant comorbid medical conditions. Recent reports have challenged each criterion and recommend admission criteria that are based on clinically relevant risks or observed clinical events such as adverse respiratory events in the immediate recovery period. Morbidity and mortality are low though serious complications occur regularly and may be amenable to improvements in postoperative monitoring, improved analgesic regimens, and parental education. Careful consideration of risks attributable to individual patients is vital to determine overall suitability for ambulatory discharge.
The current crisis in computing: what are the real issues?

1. SUMMARY Computing education is in crisis. Enrollments have fallen to such an extent that some academic computing programs are facing significant reductions in staffing levels or even elimination. Of even greater consequence to society, however, is the growing gap between the number of jobs requiring high-level computing skills and the number of graduates who are prepared to take those positions. Over the long term, this growing shortfall threatens the economic security in many countries. Finding strategies to address this problem is complicated because so many different factors are implicated in the enrollment decline. The complexity of the problem makes it critically important to seek a comprehensive solution strategy that takes that underlying complexity into account. This session offers the chance for representatives of ACM’s Education Board to carry on a discussion with the SIGCSE community about possible responses to this crisis that affects us all. 2. BACKGROUND That there is currently a crisis in computing education is not in doubt. Enrollments have been falling steadily for a number of years, so that enrollments are now often half of what they were five years ago. This dramatic decline in student interest has occurred not only in the United States but also in many other countries.
Association of Cerebrospinal Fluid Neurofilament Light Concentration With Alzheimer Disease Progression

IMPORTANCE—The extent to which large-caliber axonal degeneration contributes to Alzheimer disease (AD) progression is unknown. Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) neurofilament light (NFL) concentration is a general marker of damage to large-caliber myelinated axons. OBJECTIVE—To test whether CSF NFL concentration is associated with cognitive decline and imaging evidence of neurodegeneration and white matter change in AD. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS—A commercially available immunoassay was used to analyze CSF NFL concentration in a cohort of patients with AD (n = 95) or mild cognitive impairment (MCI) (n = 192) and in cognitively normal individuals (n = 110) from the Alzheimer’s Disease Neuroimaging Initiative. The study dates were January 2005 to December 2007. The NFL analysis was performed in November 2014. MAIN OUTCOMES AND MEASURES—Correlation was investigated among baseline CSF NFL concentration and longitudinal cognitive impairment, white matter change, and regional brain atrophy within each diagnostic group. RESULTS—Cerebrospinal fluid NFL concentration (median [interquartile range]) was higher in the AD dementia group (1479 [1134–1842] pg/mL), stable MCI group (no progression to AD during follow-up; 1182 [923–1687] pg/mL), and progressive MCI group (MCI with progression to AD dementia during follow-up; 1336 [1061–1693] pg/mL) compared with control participants (1047 [809–1265] pg/mL) (P < .001 for all) and in the AD dementia group compared with the stable MCI group (P = .01). In the MCI group, a higher CSF NFL concentration was associated with faster brain atrophy over time as measured by changes in whole-brain volume (β = −4177, P = .003), ventricular volume (β = 1835, P < .001), and hippocampus volume (β = −54.22, P < . 001); faster disease progression as reflected by decreased Mini-Mental State Examination scores (β = −1.077, P < .001) and increased Alzheimer Disease Assessment Scale cognitive subscale scores (β = 2.30, P < .001); and faster white matter intensity change (β = 598.7, P < .001). CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE—Cerebrospinal fluid NFL concentration is increased by the early clinical stage of AD and is associated with cognitive deterioration and structural brain changes over time. This finding corroborates the contention that degeneration of large-caliber axons is an important feature of AD neurodegeneration. Alzheimer disease (AD) is a common neurodegenerative disorder characterized by distinct pathologic hallmarks, including neuronal degeneration and loss together with extracellular Zetterberg et al. Page 2 JAMA Neurol. Author manuscript; available in PMC 2017 October 02. A uhor M anscript
A Visualization System using Positive Reinforcement Theory to A Visualization System using Positive Reinforcement Theory to Develop Problem-Solving Skills and Self-Esteem in Young College-Develop Problem-Solving Skills and Self-Esteem in Young College-Educated Farmers Educated Farmers

This paper proposes a technique called the Visualization System using Positive Reinforcement Theory (VSPR) to develop problem-solving skills and self-esteem in young college-educated farmers. The research comprised four major steps (1) interviews with 10 faculty members from university Agricultural departments to identify current problems in the classroom, as well as 432 undergraduate students from Agricultural departments in order to generate opinions, suggestions and requirements with regard to development of VSPR software, (2) development of VSRP prototype software, (3) testing VSRP prototype software with undergraduate students from university Agricultural departments, and (4) interviews with experts in order to solicit opinions and suggestions about VSPR and the prototype software. The resulting VSPR prototype software consists of four elements: (1) system structure, (2) content, (3) visualization technique, and (4) evaluation, as well as four steps: (1) suggestions, (2) presentation of problem scenario, (3) problem-solving activities and (4) summary. The t-test results of the VSPR prototype software showed signiﬁcant improvement with regard to problem-solving skills and self-esteem in undergraduate students from university Agricultural departments at 0.01 and 0.01 consecutively.
The role of radical innovation in circular strategy deployment

Circular economy (CE) is gaining interest among industrial firms in light of sustainability concerns, and several incumbent firms are integrating it into their strategy. In this study, we scrutinize learnings from three large established industrial firms with a clear CE agenda and that are front-runners in CE strategy deployment. We analyze exploitation and exploration approaches to CE and problematize how these approaches relate to radical innovation, which we argue is critical for achieving CE. Semi-structured interviews ( n = 30) were used to collect data. We found several issues referring to (1) challenges and approaches to normative management, (2) how the innovation ecosystem is engaged, (3) how goals and metrics relate to CE, and (4) resources and coordination regarding the CE initiative. Overall, current exploit-ative approaches are favored over explorative, mirroring an undesired imbalance between the two. We suggest several ways to counteract this. For example, (1) addressing existing norms so that they align with the ambitions in CE, (2) actively managing collaboration in the innovation ecosystem, including radically new setups of different actors, and (3) that managers need to carefully consider when and how to use goals and measurements in a circular strategy deployment, to foster both radical and incremental innovation.
Random Walks for Temporal Action Segmentation with Timestamp Supervision

Temporal action segmentation relates to high-level video understanding, commonly formulated as frame-wise classi-ﬁcation of untrimmed videos into predeﬁned actions. Fully-supervised deep-learning approaches require dense video annotations which are time and money consuming. Furthermore, the temporal boundaries between consecutive actions typically are not well-deﬁned, leading to inherent ambiguity and inter-rater disagreement. A promising approach to remedy these limitations is timestamp supervision, requiring only one labeled frame per action instance in a training video. In this work, we reformulate the task of temporal segmentation as a graph segmentation problem with weakly-labeled vertices. We introduce an efﬁcient segmentation method based on random walks on graphs, obtained by solving a sparse system of linear equations. Furthermore, the proposed technique can be employed in any one or combination of the following forms: (1) as a standalone solu-tion for generating dense pseudo-labels from timestamps; (2) as a training loss; (3) as a smoothing mechanism given intermediate predictions. Extensive experiments with three datasets (50Salads, Breakfast, GTEA) show that our method competes with state-of-the-art, and allows the identiﬁcation of regions of uncertainty around action boundaries.
Dynamical Ensembles in Nonequilibrium Statistical Mechanics.

Ruelle`s principle for turbulence leading to what is usually called the Sinai-Ruelle-Bowen (SRB) distribution is applied to the statistical mechanics of many particle systems in nonequilibrium stationary states. A specific prediction, obtained without the need to construct explicitly the SRB itself, is shown to be in agreement with a recent computer experiment on a strongly sheared fluid. This presents the first test of the principle on a many particle system far from equilibrium. A possible application to fluid mechanics is also discussed.
Catabolic Pathway of Decane and Eicosane by P. frederiksbergensis

Alkane degradation is a widespread phenomenon in nature. Alkanes are major constituents of crude oil. They are also present at low concentrations in diverse non-contaminated because many living organisms produce them as chemo-attractants or as protecting agents against water loss. Many microorganismscapable of utilizing alkanes as a carbon and energy source have been isolated and characterized. This workdetected the metabolic of decane (C 10 H 22 ), eicosane (C 20 H 42 ). The secondary metabolites stimulated the knowledge of how bacteria metabolize alkanes aerobically, with a particular emphasis on the oxidation of long-chain alkanes, including factors that are responsible for chemotaxis to alkanes, transport across cell membrane of alkanes.
Social complexity as a proximate and ultimate factor in communicative complexity

The ‘social complexity hypothesis’ for communication posits that groups with complex social systems require more complex communicative systems to regulate interactions and relations among group members. Complex social systems, compared with simple social systems, are those in which individuals frequently interact in many different contexts with many different individuals, and often repeatedly interact with many of the same individuals in networks over time. Complex communicative systems, compared with simple communicative systems, are those that contain a large number of structurally and functionally distinct elements or possess a high amount of bits of information. Here, we describe some of the historical arguments that led to the social complexity hypothesis, and review evidence in support of the hypothesis. We discuss social complexity as a driver of communication and possible causal factor in human language origins. Finally, we discuss some of the key current limitations to the social complexity hypothesis—the lack of tests against alternative hypotheses for communicative complexity and evidence corroborating the hypothesis from modalities other than the vocal signalling channel.
Brain activity measurement during program comprehension with NIRS

Near infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) has been used as a low cost, noninvasive method to measure brain activity. In this paper, we experiment to measure the effects of variables and controls in a source code to the brain activity in program comprehension. The measurement results are evaluated after noise reduction and normalization to statistical analysis. As the result of the experiment, significant differences in brain activity were observed at a task that requires memorizing variables to understand a code snippet. On the other hand, no significant differences between different levels of mental arithmetic tasks were observed. We conclude that the frontal pole reflects workload to short-term memory caused by variables without affected from calculation.
Orders on Subsets Rationalised by Abstract Convex Geometries

We find conditions on the order on subsets of a finite set which are necessary and sufficient for the relative ranking of any two subsets in this order to be determined by their extreme elements relative to an abstract convex geometry. It turns out that this question is closely related to the rationalisability of path independent choice functions by hyper-relations.
Taxonomy of Electric springs: An enabling smart grid technology for effective demand side management

This paper presents excerpts of technical articles published in the field of Electric spring (ES). ES is gradually emerging as a prominent member of smart grid technology for the effective demand side management. It offers stability to the grid by providing reactive and active power support along with power quality enhancement through harmonics mitigation, droop control and reducing the neutral current by reducing imbalance in the system. It offers a good alternate to STATCOM. In ES, the load is bifurcated into two groups based on its criticality and importance so as to act as smart load. ES is connected in series with the noncritical load and collectively this combination is connected across critical load, and hence provide stability to the grid, in the presence of intermittent renewable energy sources (RES). ES incorporated in the load (smart load) can be dispersed at distinct locations and acts in unison without using Information and Communication Technology (ICT) in between the two electric springs. Key concepts pertaining to operating aspects of ES, along with its limitations are reviewed.
Geographical Mobility of the Tertiary Educated – Perspectives from Education and Social Space

Title: Geographical Mobility of the Tertiary Educated – Perspectives from Education and Social Space Author: Aimee Haley Language: English with a Swedish summary ISBN: 978-91-7346-923-4 (print) ISBN: 978-91-7346-924-1 (pdf) ISSN: 0436-1121