Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Embedded Classification of the Perceived Fatigue State of Runners: Towards a Body Sensor Network for Assessing the Fatigue State during Running

This paper presents methods for collecting and analyzing biomechanical and physiological data from several body sensors during recreational runs in order to classify an athlete's perceived fatigue state. Heart rate, heart rate variability, running speed, stride frequency and biomechanical data were recorded continuously from 431 runners during a free one-hour outdoor run. During the activity the sportsmen answered questions about their perceived fatigue state in 5 min intervals. The data were analyzed using specifically designed features computed for each of the 5 min intervals. The features were used to train different classifiers, which were able to distinguish two levels of the runner's fatigue state with an accuracy of 88.3 % across multiple study participants. Feature selection evidenced that a heart rate variability feature and two biomechanical features were best suited for classification of the perceived fatigue level. Therefore, the classification system needs the information from various sensors on the human body. The resulting classifier was implemented on an embedded microcontroller to show that it would be feasible to integrate it directly into a body sensor network. Such a wearable classification system for fatigue can be used to support sportsmen, for example by changing their training plan or by adapting their equipment to the specific needs of a fatigued athlete.
Lecture 9 : PPAD and the Complexity of Equilibrium Computation

PPAD stands for Polynomial Parity Argument on Directed Graphs. It is a complexity class of search problems de ned by Christos Papadimitriou in 1994. In general they are called Total Search Problems, i.e. problems which are guaranteed to have a solution. Sperner's Lemma is an example of one such problem which is guaranteed to have a trichromatic triangle. To help de ne the PPAD class we start with a trival problem called End-of-Line. De nition 1. Given a PPAD graph G and a vertex v ∈ G, where v is a leaf node. Find a node v∗ ̸= v, such that v∗ is also a leaf node.
Quantum Measurement, Complexity and Discrete Physics

This paper presents a new modified quantum mechanics, Critical Complexity Quantum Mechanics, which includes a new account of wavefunction collapse. This modified quantum mechanics is shown to arise naturally from a fully discrete physics, where all physical quantities are discrete rather than continuous. I compare this theory with the spontaneous collapse theories of Ghirardi, Rimini, Weber and Pearle and discuss some implications of the theory for a realist view of the quantum realm.
Multi-optima exploration with adaptive Gaussian mixture model

In learning by exploration problems such as reinforcement learning (RL), direct policy search, stochastic optimization or evolutionary computation, the goal of an agent is to maximize some form of reward function (or minimize a cost function). Often, these algorithms are designed to find a single policy solution. We address the problem of representing the space of control policy solutions by considering exploration as a density estimation problem. Such representation provides additional information such as shape and curvature of local peaks that can be exploited to analyze the discovered solutions and guide the exploration. We show that the search process can easily be generalized to multi-peaked distributions by employing a Gaussian mixture model (GMM) with an adaptive number of components. The GMM has a dual role: representing the space of possible control policies, and guiding the exploration of new policies. A variation of expectation-maximization (EM) applied to reward-weighted policy parameters is presented to model the space of possible solutions, as if this space was a probability distribution. The approach is tested in a dart game experiment formulated as a black-box optimization problem, where the agent's throwing capability increases while it chases for the best strategy to play the game. This experiment is used to study how the proposed approach can exploit new promising solution alternatives in the search process, when the optimality criterion slowly drifts over time. The results show that the proposed multi-optima search approach can anticipate such changes by exploiting promising candidates to smoothly adapt to the change of global optimum.
SCAP-TT: Tagging and lemmatising Spanish tourism discourse, and beyond

espanolEn esta nota de investigacion describimos los primeros resultados de SCAP, el Spanish Corpus Annotation Project, aplicado al discurso turistico. Presentaremos y evaluaremos una nueva version para el espanol del etiquetador TreeTagger (SCAPTT), disenado especificamente para el etiquetado y la lematizacion de textos turisticos promocionales en espanol. Si bien SCAP-TT ha sido disenado para el discurso especializado del turismo, mostraremos tambien resultados muy prometedores para la anotacion de otros tipos de discursos, como ensayos y textos literarios EnglishIn this research note we report on the first results of SCAP, the Spanish Corpus Annotation Project, applied to tourism discourse. In particular, we present and assess a new TreeTagger parameter set for Spanish (SCAP-TT), which has been trained for the Part-of-Speech tagging (POS-tagging) and lemmatisation of Spanish promotional tourism texts. Although SCAP-TT has been trained for specialized tourism discourse, we also show promising results for the annotation of other text genres such as essays and literary text
Evolutionary perspectives on social cognition

Abstract Game theory provides a useful framework for conceptualizing social decisions in which one person’s behavior affects outcomes that matter to other individuals. Game theory can also help us understand the computational problems inherent in social decision making. To explain human adaptive success, culture plays an important role. Models from population biology are used to explain (a) culture as a dynamic process, (b) the role of psychological mechanisms in enabling cumulative cultural evolution, and (c) teaching as an evolved phenomenon. How game theoretic approaches can be integrated with algorithmic-level processes remains, however, to be resolved. Difﬁ culties lie in how cognitive and social psychologists approach the study of cognition as well as in how existing data are used to interpret human (and nonhuman) decision making. Introduction During the winter, the Inuit of the central Arctic survive by hunting seals. When the sea ice begins to freeze over during the fall, seals claw a number breathing holes within their home range. As the ice thickens, the seals continu-ously maintain these openings until they become conical chambers under the ice. Inuit hunt in groups spread out so that there is one hunter for each hole. The goal is to cover as many holes in an area as possible. The hunters use a multipart harpoon: on the butt end is a sharpened point of hard bear bone, used as an ice pick; the other end has a detachable toggle-harpoon head connected to a heavy-duty braided sinew line. The hunter opens the hard snow that cov-ers the hole using the ice pick, smells the interior to make sure it is still in use, and then investigates the shape of the chamber using a long, thin curved piece of caribou antler with a knob on one end. This helps him plan his thrust. Then he covers the hole with snow and places a bit of down tethered to a thread over
Neurobiology and Genetics of Borderline Personality Disorder

The diagnosis of borderline personality disorder undoubtedly includes a heterogeneous group of disorders. In fact the diagnosis itself was developed without field trials for validation, and it is therefore not surprising that the agreement using different diagnostic tools is actually quite low (52%) (Kavoussi et al, 1990). Because of the lack of clarity in the phenomenology of the diagnosis, neurobiologic research has been more productive when focusing on tempermental dimensions of the diagnosis (Siever & Davis, 1991). The principal dimensions that have been the focus of biological research into borderline pathology include impulsive aggression and affective instability (Koenigsberg et al, 2001). A factor analysis of DSM-III-R criteria for borderline personality disorder suggests that impulsivity and affective instability formed two of three homogeneous factors underlying the disorder; a third “relatedness” factor was also identified. (Sanislow et al, 2000). While these symptoms are seen across personality disorders, they predominate in the Cluster B personality disorders.
Spatial distribution of connexin43, the major cardiac gap junction protein, in the developing and adult rat heart.

The developmental appearance and spatial distribution pattern of gap junctions were studied in prenatal and adult rat hearts. Gap junctions were visualized immunohistochemically with an antibody raised against a unique cytoplasmic epitope of connexin43, and the spatial distribution pattern was determined by three-dimensional reconstruction. The results demonstrate that from embryonic day 13 onward, connexin43 becomes detectable immunohistochemically in the myocardium of atria and ventricles. No expression is initially detectable in the myocardium of the sinus venosus, the sinoatrial node, the posterior wall of the atrium and pulmonary veins, the interatrial septum, the atrioventricular canal, including atrioventricular node and bundle, the interventricular septum, and the outflow tract. The developmental increase in the density of gap junctions in atria and ventricles of prenatal hearts correlates well with the reported developmental increase in conduction velocity. Whereas connexin43 becomes expressed in the derivatives of the sinus venosus (except for the sinoatrial node) and in the subepicardial layer of the ventricular free wall shortly before birth, it remains undetectable in the atrioventricular node and bundle and the proximal part of the ventricular conduction tissue, even in the adult heart. The apparent absence of an abundant expression of connexin43 at a location with a supposedly high conduction velocity (i.e., the atrioventricular bundle and bundle branches) is unexpected. These observations were confirmed in studies of the adult mouse heart, which showed, in addition, that connexin32 is not expressed in any part of the heart.
and Migration in Human Vascular Smooth Muscle Cells Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptor Gamma Activators Inhibit Gene Expression

Migration of vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) plays an important role in atherogenesis and restenosis after arterial interventions. The expression of matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs), particularly MMP-9, contributes to VSMC migration. This process requires degradation of basal laminae and other components of the arterial extracellular matrix. Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPARs), members of the nuclear receptor family, regulate gene expression after activation by various ligands. Recent studies have suggested opposing effects of PPAR gamma (PPARg) activation on atherogenesis. The present study tested the hypotheses that human VSMCs express PPAR alpha (PPARa) and PPARg and that PPAR agonists in VSMCs modulate MMP-9 expression and activity, as well as VSMC migration. Human VSMCs expressed PPAR a and PPARg mRNA and protein. Treatment of VSMCs with the PPAR g ligands troglitazone and the naturally occurring 15-deoxy-prostaglandin J 2 (15d-PGJ2) decreased phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate–induced MMP-9 mRNA and protein levels, as well as MMP-9 gelatinolytic activity in the supernatants in a concentration-dependent manner. Six different PPAR a activators lacked such effects. Addition of prostaglandin F 2a, known to limit PPARg activity, diminished the MMP-9 inhibition seen with either troglitazone or 15d-PGJ2, further implicating PPARg in these effects. Finally, troglitazone and 15d-PGJ 2 inhibited the platelet-derived growth factor-BB–induced migration of VSMCs in vitro in a concentration-dependent manner. PPAR g activation may regulate VSMC migration and expression and activity of MMP-9. Thus, PPAR g activation in VSMCs, via the antidiabetic agent troglitazone or naturally occurring ligands, may act to counterbalance other potentially proatherosclerotic PPARg effects. (Circ Res. 1998;83:1097-1103.)
Optimal Detection Ordering for Coded V-BLAST

Optimum ordering strategies for the coded Vertical Bell Labs Layered Space-Time (V-BLAST) architecture with capacity achieving temporal codes on each stream are analytically studied, including 4 different power/rate allocation strategies among data streams. Compact closed-form solutions are obtained for the case of zero-forcing (ZF) V-BLAST with two transmit antennas and necessary optimality conditions are found for the general case. The optimal rate allocation is shown to have a major impact (stronger streams are detected last) while the optimal power allocation does not alter the original Foschini ordering (stronger streams are detected first). Sufficient conditions for the optimality of the greedy ordering are established: it is optimal for the ZF V-BLAST under an optimal rate allocation with two transmit antennas at any SNR and with any number of antennas in the low and high SNR regimes. It satisfies the necessary optimality conditions for larger systems at any SNR and is nearly-optimal in many cases. An SNR gain of ordering is introduced and studied, including closed-form expressions as well as lower and upper bounds and the conditions for their achievability. For the minimum mean square error (MMSE) V-BLAST under an optimal rate allocation, any ordering is shown to deliver the same system capacity. All the results also apply to a multiple-access channel with the successive interference cancelation receiver.
A Chandra HETGS Spectral Study of the Iron K Bandpass in MCG –6-30-15: A Narrow View of the Broad Iron Line

We present a high-resolution X-ray spectrum of the iron K bandpass in MCG -6-30-15 based on a 522 ks observation with Chandra's High Energy Transmission Grating Spectrometer (HETGS). The Chandra spectrum is consistent with the presence of a relativistically broadened, highly redshifted iron Kα emission line with a profile similar to previous observations. A number of narrow features are detected above 2 keV, including a narrow Fe Kα emission line and narrow absorption lines from H- and He-like Fe, H-like S, and H-like Si. This absorption is well described by a photoionized plasma with a column density log NH = 23.2 and an ionization parameter log ξ = 3.6, assuming the iron abundance has the solar value and a velocity dispersion parameter b = 100 km s-1. Applying this absorption model to a high-fidelity XMM-Newton EPIC pn spectrum, we find that a broad iron line is still required with emission extending to within 1.9rg of the black hole. If the iron line comes from an accretion disk truncated at the innermost stable circular orbit, this indicates that the black hole must be spinning rapidly with a > 0.95. Ionized absorption models attempting to explain the 3-6 keV spectral curvature without strong gravity predict absorption lines in the 6.4-6.6 keV range that are inconsistent with the Chandra spectrum. The H- and He-like iron absorption lines in the Chandra spectrum are blueshifted by 2.0 × 103 km s-1 compared to the source frame and may originate in a high-velocity, high-ionization component of the warm absorber outflow. This high-ionization component may dominate the energy budget of the outflow and account for a significant fraction of the outflowing mass. Detailed modeling of the warm absorber below 2 keV will be addressed in a later paper, but our results are robust to the broader details of the warm absorber behavior. The difference spectrum between the high- and low-flux states is well described by a power law, in agreement with previous studies.
QoS support for integrated services over CATV

Cable TV has emerged as a promising access network infrastructure for the delivery of voice, video, and high-speed data traffic. A central issue in the design of protocols for CATV networks is to support different levels of QoS for diverse user applications. While CATV service providers and equipment have standardized, in the so-called MCNS protocol, the basic network architecture and interfaces, issues in the MAC layer for QoS support are likely to be left for differentiation in vendor products. This article first presents an overview of the basic CATV network architectural assumptions and the set of QoS requirements for supporting integrated services over CATV. It then discusses a MAC layer scheduling protocol that can efficiently multiplex constant bit rate traffic, such as voice over IP with guaranteed delay bound, and best-effort traffic, such as data services with minimum bit rate guarantee, while achieving fairness on any excess available bandwidth. The performance of this algorithm is illustrated by simulation results using Opnet. We also discuss a dynamic polling mechanism that enhances the link utilization while preserving delay bounds for latency-critical traffic.
Investigating the Impact of Employee’s Empowerment on Their Job Satisfaction (Case Study: Tejarat Bank, West Azerbaijan Province, Iran)

The aim of this study was to investigate the impact of employees' empowerment on their job satisfaction (Case Study: Tejarat Bank, West Azerbaijan Province, Iran). The population of the research was employees of the Trade Bank of West Azerbaijan province, Iran. The sampling was performed using clustering sampling method by selecting from Urmia, Mahabad and Khoy city and the sample volume was determined 205 individuals using Morgan table. In the present study, standard questionnaires of Spreitzer psychological empowerment and Minnesota job satisfaction were used to measure the variables. Cronbach's alpha coefficient was obtained 0.792 and 0.853 for empowerment and job satisfaction variables, respectively that indicating good reliability of the questionnaire. Statistical analysis of the study data was performed based on the Pearson correlation and multiple linear regressions using SPSS 18 software. The results showed that employee empowerment processes had impact on job satisfaction including feelings of effectiveness, significance, autonomy and competence.
Graph-based clustering based on cutting sets

One of the most prominent challenges in data mining is the clustering of databases containing many categorical attributes. Representation of such data in continuous, Euclidean space usually does not reflect the true segments of data. As a crucial consequence, clustering algorithms working in continuous, Euclidean space may produce segmentations of poor quality. An alternative direction explores graph-based representation of data. In this paper, we show that graph-based data representation is well suitable for the case of categorical attributes. In particular, we offer the following contributions: i) we propose and analyze a flexible graph-based genetic clustering algorithm, where the ideal clusters can be characterized using external cluster quality functions, called kernels, ii) we study kernels, and define the crucial property of effective kernels, iii) we introduce a framework for distributed data-oriented graph clustering computations. In contrast of the complexity of our problem, which turns out to be NP-hard in our analysis, experiments show that in case of well clusterable data, our algorithm has attractive scalability properties. We also perform experiments on real medical data that provides us with further evidence about the practical applicability of our approach.
A Unified Approach to Optimal Opportunistic Spectrum Access under Collision Probability Constraint in Cognitive Radio Systems

We consider a cognitive radio system with one primary channel and one secondary user, and then we introduce a channel-usage pattern model and a fundamental access scheme in this system. Based on this model and fundamental access scheme, we study optimal opportunistic spectrum access problem and formulate it as an optimization problem that the secondary user maximizes spectrum holes utilization under the constraint of collision tolerable level. And then we propose a unified approach to solve this optimization problem. According to the solution of the optimization problem, we analyze and present optimal opportunistic spectrum access algorithms in several cases that the idle period follows uniform distribution, exponential distribution, and Pareto or generalized Pareto distribution. Theoretical analysis and simulation results both show that the optimal opportunistic spectrum access algorithms can maximize spectrum holes utilization under the constraint that the collision probability is bounded below collision tolerable level. The impact of sensing error is also analyzed by simulation.
A Provably Secure ID-Based Mediated Signcryption Scheme

It has been a critical issue to find efficient methods for fast revocation of a user's identity in identity (ID)-based cryptosystems. Unfortunately, none of the previous ID- based cryptography can find a practical way. Motivated by Boneh et al. 's idea of mediated RSA, in this paper, we propose the concept of ID-based mediated signcryption and give a concrete scheme, which yields a complete solution to the fast revocation of a user's identity in ID-based signcryption schemes. To address the security issues, we formulate security model and define strong security notions for ID- based mediated signcryption schemes. We also prove that our scheme satisfies these security requirements in the random oracle model.
Complete Inhibition of P-glycoprotein by Simultaneous Treatment with a Distinct Class of Modulators and the UIC2 Monoclonal Antibody

P-glycoprotein (Pgp) is one of the active efflux pumps that are able to extrude a large variety of chemotherapeutic drugs from the cells, causing multidrug resistance. The conformation-sensitive UIC2 monoclonal antibody potentially inhibits Pgp-mediated substrate transport. However, this inhibition is usually partial, and its extent is variable because UIC2 binds only to 10 to 40% Pgp present in the cell membrane. The rest of the Pgp molecules become recognized by this antibody only in the presence of certain substrates or modulators, including vinblastine, cyclosporine A (CsA), and SDZ PSC 833 (valspodar). Simultaneous application of any of these modulators and UIC2, followed by the removal of the modulator, results in a completely restored steady-state accumulation of various Pgp substrates (calcein-AM, daunorubicin, and 99mTc-hexakis-2-methoxybutylisonitrile), indicating near 100% inhibition of pump activity. Remarkably, the inhibitory binding of the antibody is brought about by coincubation with concentrations of CsA or SDZ PSC 833 ∼20 times lower than what is necessary for Pgp inhibition when the modulators are applied alone. The feasibility of such a combinative treatment for in vivo multidrug resistance reversal was substantiated by the dramatic increase of daunorubicin accumulation in xenotransplanted Pgp+ tumors in response to a combined treatment with UIC2 and CsA, both administered at doses ineffective when applied alone. These observations establish the combined application of a class of modulators used at low concentrations and of the UIC2 antibody as a novel, specific, and effective way of blocking Pgp function in vivo.