Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Masterarbeit On Compact Representation and Robustness of Transfer Patterns in Public Transportation Routing

Transfer pattern routing is a state-of-the-art routing algorithm for public transportation. It allows to answer multi-criteria shortest path queries within a few milliseconds. The algorithm is based on an expensive precomputation of shortest paths between stations. This thesis examines two aspects of transfer pattern routing. The first objective is to find a compact representation of the transfer patterns. We detect redundancy in the transfer patterns and present novel ways to store the information within less memory. The second objective is to analyze the robustness of the transfer patterns towards delay and to answer the question whether the patterns still allow for optimal routing, if the underlying network changes. We address the second question by introducing a framework to evaluate the robustness in networks with different delay scenarios and we present experimental results indicating that transfer patterns are quite robust.
Identification and Characterization of Seminal Fluid Proteins in the Asian Tiger Mosquito, Aedes albopictus

The Asian tiger mosquito (Aedes albopictus) is an important vector for pathogens that affect human health, including the viruses that cause dengue and Chikungunya fevers. It is also one of the world's fastest-spreading invasive species. For these reasons, it is crucial to identify strategies for controlling the reproduction and spread of this mosquito. During mating, seminal fluid proteins (Sfps) are transferred from male mosquitoes to females, and these Sfps modulate female behavior and physiology in ways that influence reproduction. Despite the importance of Sfps on female reproductive behavior in mosquitoes and other insects, the identity of Sfps in Ae. albopictus has not previously been reported. We used transcriptomics and proteomics to identify 198 Sfps in Ae. albopictus. We discuss possible functions of these Sfps in relation to Ae. albopictus reproduction-related biology. We additionally compare the sequences of these Sfps with proteins (including reported Sfps) in several other species, including Ae. aegypti. While only 72 (36.4%) of Ae. albopictus Sfps have putative orthologs in Ae. aegypti, suggesting low conservation of the complement of Sfps in these species, we find no evidence for an elevated rate of evolution or positive selection in the Sfps that are shared between the two Aedes species, suggesting high sequence conservation of those shared Sfps. Our results provide a foundation for future studies to investigate the roles of individual Sfps on feeding and reproduction in this mosquito. Functional analysis of these Sfps could inform strategies for managing the rate of pathogen transmission by Ae. albopictus.
Characteristics of medial temporal lobe epilepsy: I. Results of history and physical examination

In order to more precisely define a syndrome of medial temporal lobe epilepsy, histories and physical findings were evaluated in 67 patients studied with intracranial electrodes who had medial temporal seizure onset and became seizure free following temporal lobectomy. Patients with circumscribed, potentially epileptogenic mass lesions were excluded. Fifty‐four patients (81%) had histories of convulsions during early childhood or infancy, 52 of which were associated with fever. Complicated febrile seizures occurred in 33 (94%) of the 35 patients in whom detailed descriptions of the febrile seizures were available. Bacterial (5) or viral (2) central nervous system infections were present in 7 patients with seizures and fevers. Other less common, but probably significant, risk factors included head trauma (10%) and birth trauma (3%). Only 5 patients had no apparent risk factors. The mean age at habitual seizure onset was 9 years. All patients had complex partial seizures, with half having only complex partial seizures. The other half also had secondarily generalized tonic‐clonic seizures, but these were never the predominant seizure type. Only 3 patients had histories of convulsive status epilepticus and no patient had a history of nonconvulsive status epilepticus. All but 3 patients reported auras before some or all of their seizures, with an abdominal visceral sensation being by far the most common type of aura (61%). Of the 60 patients with identified risk factors, all but 2 had an interval between the presumed cerebral insult and the development of habitual seizures, with a mean seizure‐free interval of 7.5 years. Fifteen patients developed a seizure‐free interval following onset of habitual seizures, with a mean duration of 5.9 years. In 22 patients, the seizures had an evolutionary pattern, with seizures becoming progressively more elaborate over time. We conclude (1) there is a very strong relationship between complicated febrile seizures during early childhood or infancy and the later development of medial temporal lobe epilepsy; (2) habitual seizures in most patients from this population begin during, or shortly after, the first decade of life; (3) complex partial seizures are seen in all such patients; (4) generalized tonic‐clonic seizures are not a predominant seizure type in these patients, and convulsive status epilepticus in uncommon; (5) nonconvulsive status epilepticus rarely, if ever, occurs in these patients; (6) auras, particularly abdominal visceral sensations, are very common; and (7) medial temporal lobe epilepsy can be a progressive disease as evidenced by silent intervals and progressive elaboration of seizures.
IT Capabilities - Quo Vadis?

The successful management of IT capabilities and their complex interdependencies with other organizational capabilities constitutes an important source of competitive advantage for many organizations today. The role of IT capabilities in enabling competitive actions is well-researched. By reviewing a large number of IT capabilitiesfocused research articles, the authors seek to answer the questions, “What have we learned? What do we still need to learn? ” This research-in-progress article presents key findings regarding IT capabilities, highlighting current research limitations, and providing propositions and recommendations regarding future research.
Chicken homeobox gene prox 1 related to Drosophila prospero is expressed in the developing lens and retina

Prox 1 is the vertebrate homolog of Drosophila prospero, a gene known to be expressed in the lens‐secreting cone cells of fly ommatidia. Chicken Prox 1 cDNAs were isolated from 14 day embryonic chicken lenses, and a complete open reading frame encoding an 83 kDa protein was elucidated. The homeodomains of chicken and mouse Prox 1 are identical at the amino acid level and are 65–67% similar to the homeodomains of Drosophila and C. elegans prospero. The homology between these proteins extends beyond the homeodomain. There is 56% identity between chicken Prox 1 and Drosophila prospero in the C‐terminal region downstream of the homeodomain, whereas there is little similarity upstream of the homeodomain. Prox 1 is expressed most actively in the developing lens and midgut and at lower levels in the developing brain, heart, muscle, and retina. cDNA sequencing has established that there are alternatively spliced forms of the single Prox 1 gene, which probably account for the two abundant RNAs of about 2 and 8 kb and two less abundant RNAs close to 3.5 kb in length in the lens. In the lens fibers, only the shortest mRNA was present, whereas, in the epithelial cells, both short and long mRNAs were detected. By using in situ hybridization, expression of the Prox 1 gene was first detected at stage 14 in the early lens placode and slightly preceded the expression of δ1‐crystallin, the first crystallin gene expressed in the developing chicken lens. At later stages of development, Prox 1 mRNA was observed throughout the lens, but it appeared more abundant around the bow region of the equator than in the anterior epithelium or the fibers. In the retina, expression of the Prox 1 gene was detected mainly in the inner nuclear layer during later stages of histogenesis. The conserved pattern of Prox 1/prospero gene expression in vertebrates and Drosophila suggests that Prox 1, like Pax‐6, may be essential for eye development in different systematic groups. © 1996 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Aspiring to Zero Tuberculosis Deaths among Southern Africa's Miners: Is There a Way Forward?

Tuberculosis notification rates among South African miners range from 4,000 to 7,000 per 100,000 people. These rates far exceed national tuberculosis notification rates for the general population. Tuberculosis mortality also surpasses deaths caused by mining accidents. These extraordinarily high rates of disease are unambiguously linked to a series of contributing factors, including exposure to silica dust, HIV infection, and poor working and living conditions. We argue that the only way to stop the transmission of this airborne disease is to treat the mine and its living quarters as one should any other congregate setting with individuals who have high rates of infection with drug-susceptible and drug-resistant strains of tuberculosis. This means implementing interventions that have been demonstrated to stop the spread of tuberculosis over the last 60 years: immediate treatment of active tuberculosis, concurrent treatment of latent tuberculosis disease to reduce the burden of active cases, and appropriate management of patients infected with HIV. Because tuberculosis is also a social disease, biomedical interventions must be coupled with improved living and working conditions. Achieving zero deaths from tuberculosis in the mines is possible if a clear commitment is made to a strategy that recognizes and ameliorates the biological and social antecedents to this epidemic.
Clustering High Dimensional Dynamic Data Streams

We present data streaming algorithms for the $k$-median problem in high-dimensional dynamic geometric data streams, i.e. streams allowing both insertions and deletions of points from a discrete Euclidean space $\{1, 2, \ldots \Delta\}^d$. Our algorithms use $k \epsilon^{-2} poly(d \log \Delta)$ space/time and maintain with high probability a small weighted set of points (a coreset) such that for every set of $k$ centers the cost of the coreset $(1+\epsilon)$-approximates the cost of the streamed point set. We also provide algorithms that guarantee only positive weights in the coreset with additional logarithmic factors in the space and time complexities. We can use this positively-weighted coreset to compute a $(1+\epsilon)$-approximation for the $k$-median problem by any efficient offline $k$-median algorithm. All previous algorithms for computing a $(1+\epsilon)$-approximation for the $k$-median problem over dynamic data streams required space and time exponential in $d$. Our algorithms can be generalized to metric spaces of bounded doubling dimension.
The Effects of Environmental Support and Age on Visuospatial Rehearsal

Figure 1.1: Effects of inter-item duration and environmental support on visuospatial memory spans in Lilienthal et al. Figure 1.2: Effects of inter-item duration and environmental support on visuospatial memory spans in Lilienthal et al. Figure 1.3: Effects of environmental support on visuospatial memory spans in conditions with long inter-item intervals in Lilienthal et al.
Evaluation : The Criterion Online Writing Service

In this article, we describe a deployed educational technology application: the Criterion Online Essay Evaluation Service, a web-based system that provides automated scoring and evaluation of student essays. Criterion has two complementary applications: (1) Critique Writing Analysis Tools, a suite of programs that detect errors in grammar, usage, and mechanics, that identify discourse elements in the essay, and that recognize potentially undesirable elements of style, and (2) e-rater version 2.0, an automated essay scoring system. Critique and e-rater provide students with feedback that is specific to their writing in order to help them improve their writing skills and is intended to be used under the instruction of a classroom teacher. Both applications employ natural language processing and machine learning techniques. All of these capabilities outperform baseline algorithms, and some of the tools agree with human judges in their evaluations as often as two judges agree with each other. T he best way to improve one's writing skills is to write, receive feedback from an instructor, revise based on the feedback, and then repeat the whole process as often as possible. Unfortunately, this puts an enormous load on the classroom teacher, who is faced with reading and providing feedback for perhaps 30 essays or more every time a topic is assigned. As a result, teachers are not able to give writing assignments as often as they would wish. With this in mind, researchers have sought to develop applications that automate essay scoring and evaluation. Work in automated essay scoring began in the early 1960s and has been extremely productive Detailed descriptions of most of these systems appear in Shermis and Burstein (2003). Pioneering work in the related area of automated feedback was initiated in the 1980s with the Writer's Workbench (MacDonald et al. 1982). The Criterion Online Essay Evaluation Service combines automated essay scoring and diagnostic feedback. The feedback is specific to the student's essay and is based on the kinds of evaluations that teachers typically provide when grading a student's writing. Criterion is intended to be an aid, not a replacement, for classroom instruction. Its purpose is to ease the instructor's load, thereby enabling the instructor to give students more practice writing essays. Criterion contains two complementary applications that are based on natural language processing (NLP) methods. Critique is an application that is comprised of a suite of programs that evaluate and provide feedback for errors in grammar, usage, and …
Fuzzy Flip-Flop based Neural Networks as a novel implementation possibility of multilayer perceptrons

Fuzzy Flip-Flop based Neural Networks (FNN) constructed from fuzzy D flip-flops are studied as a novel technique to implement multilayer perceptrons. The starting point of this approach is the concept of fuzzy flip-flop (F3), as the extension of the binary counterpart. Fuzzy D flip-flop based neurons are viewed, as sigmoid function generators. Their characteristic equations contain simple fuzzy operations, thus enabling easy implementability. FNNs have an interconnected fuzzy neuron structure composed from a large number of neurons acting in parallel which are capable of learning, and are suitable for function approximation. In this paper we propose the FPGA implementation of Łukasiewicz operations, furthermore of fuzzy D flip-flop neurons based on Łukasiewicz norms.
Mathematical Modeling of Malaria Infection with Innate and Adaptive Immunity in Individuals and Agent-Based Communities

Background Agent-based modeling of Plasmodium falciparum infection offers an attractive alternative to the conventional Ross-Macdonald methodology, as it allows simulation of heterogeneous communities subjected to realistic transmission (inoculation patterns). Methodology/Principal Findings We developed a new, agent based model that accounts for the essential in-host processes: parasite replication and its regulation by innate and adaptive immunity. The model also incorporates a simplified version of antigenic variation by Plasmodium falciparum. We calibrated the model using data from malaria-therapy (MT) studies, and developed a novel calibration procedure that accounts for a deterministic and a pseudo-random component in the observed parasite density patterns. Using the parasite density patterns of 122 MT patients, we generated a large number of calibrated parameters. The resulting data set served as a basis for constructing and simulating heterogeneous agent-based (AB) communities of MT-like hosts. We conducted several numerical experiments subjecting AB communities to realistic inoculation patterns reported from previous field studies, and compared the model output to the observed malaria prevalence in the field. There was overall consistency, supporting the potential of this agent-based methodology to represent transmission in realistic communities. Conclusions/Significance Our approach represents a novel, convenient and versatile method to model Plasmodium falciparum infection.
Edge states in lateral p − n junctions in inverted-band HgTe quantum wells

We investigate lateral $p\ensuremath{-}n$ junctions, electrostatically defined in 14-nm-wide HgTe-based quantum wells (QWs) with inverted band structure. The $p\ensuremath{-}n$ junction resistances are close to $h/2{e}^{2}$, consistent with some previous experiments on $8--10\phantom{\rule{0.28em}{0ex}}\mathrm{nm}$ QWs, and the current-voltage characteristics are highly linear, indicating the transport via ballistic helical edge states. Shot noise measurements are performed in order to further verify the underlying transport mechanism. We discuss the role of unknown inelastic relaxation rates in the leads and in the edge channels for the correct interpretation of the noise data. Although the interpretation in favor of the helical edge states seems more consistent, a definite conclusion cannot be drawn based on the present experiment. Our approach looks promising for the study of short quasiballistic edges in topological insulators in suitable geometry.
Performances of Four Helicobacter pylori Serological Detection Kits Using Stool Antigen Test as Gold Standard

The aim was to determine the performances of four Helicobacter pylori serological detection kits in different target groups, using Amplified IDEIA™ Hp StAR™ as gold standard. Kits studied were Rapid Immunochromatoghraphic Hexagon, Helicoblot 2.1, an EIA IgG kit and EIA IgA kit. Methods: Stool and blood samples were collected from 162 apparently healthy participants (control) and 60 Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) patients. Results: The performances of the four serological detection kits were found to be affected by gender, age, health status and ethnicity of the participants. In the control group, the Helicoblot 2.1 kit had the best performance (AUC = 0.85; p<0.05, accuracy = 86.4%), followed by EIA IgG (AUC = 0.75; p<0.05, accuracy = 75.2%). The Rapid Hexagon and EIA IgA kits had relatively poor performances. In the T2DM subgroup, the kits H2.1 and EIA IgG had best performances, with accuracies of 96.5% and 93.1% respectively. The performance of EIA IgG improved with adjustment of its cut-off value. Conclusion: The performances of the detection kits were affected by various factors which should be taken into consideration.
Distinct Cortical Activation Patterns during Long-Term Memory Retrieval of Verbal, Spatial, and Color Information

Slow, DC-like event-related brain potentials (ERPs) were recorded from the scalp of 30 healthy young adults to test the hypothesis that distinct cortical areas are activated when different types of information are retrieved from long-term memory. Three groups of 10 subjects each were first trained with associations between either pictures and spatial positions (spatial condition), pictures and color patches (color condition), or nouns and nouns (verbal condition). All three experimental conditions were completely analogous with respect to the established associative structure, the learning procedure, the performance criterion, and the retrieval test that followed 1 day after learning. Slow event-related brain potentials being recorded during retrieval had a significantly distinct topography. The maximum of a DC-like negative wave was found in the verbal condition over the left frontal, in the spatial condition over the parietal, and in the color condition over the right occipital to temporal cortex. These results are consistent with the idea that memory representations are either down-loaded into or directly reactivated within those cortical processing modules in which the same material was handled during perception. Response times, on the other hand, revealed no difference between the three retrieval conditions. In each case RT increased monotonically, if more items had to be scanned. Thus, while the ERPs suggest the involvement of different cortical processors during memory search the response times suggest that a sequentially operating scanning mechanism applies to all of them.
Relaxation : Role of gp 91 phox Perivascular Superoxide Anion Contributes to Impairment of Endothelium-Dependent

Relaxation : Role of gp91phox Perivascular Superoxide Anion Contributes to Impairment of Endothelium-Dependent Print ISSN: 0009-7322. Online ISSN: 1524-4539 Copyright © 2002 American Heart Association, Inc. All rights reserved. is published by the American Heart Association, 7272 Greenville Avenue, Dallas, TX 75231 Circulation doi: 10.1161/01.CIR. 0000038108.71560. 7
完整家系中KIR单体型对父母亲缘供者单倍体造血干细胞移植预后的影响

目的 研究不同杀伤细胞免疫球蛋白样受体（KIR）单体型对父母亲缘供者单倍体造血干细胞移植（HSCT）预后的影响。 方法 采用PCR-序列特异性引物（PCR-SSP）法对156例恶性血液病患者及其父母双方共计468例样本进行了KIR基因分型，并分析了供者624份KIR单体型特征，其中92例患者接受了亲缘单体型HSCT。 结果 共检出21种KIR单体型，1种为A单体型，其余20种为B单体型，72.92%（455/624）的个体存在A单体型，而最常见的B单体型为B1、B2和B3，比例分别为10. 26%（64/624）、5.77%（36/624）和4. 48%（28/624）。 在AML/MDS患者中KIR基因型不合组移植后总体生存（OS）和无病生存（RFS）率明显好于KIR基因型相合组（OS率为88. 2％对42. 9%，P=0.015; RFS率为88. 2％对35. 7%，P=0.007），而对急性淋巴细胞白血病／非霍奇金淋巴瘤患者的移植无明显影响（OS率为76. 0％对75. 0%，P=0.727; RFS率为68. 0％对65. 0%，P=0.866）。 在所有移植患者中，当供者KIR基因型为AA或AB1/AB2时，移植后OS和RFS率明显低于供者为其他Bx基因型（OS率为53. 3％对96. 0%，P=0.017；RFS率为53. 3％对92. 0%，P=0.019）；供者KIR基因型AA组移植后疾病复发风险高于Bx组（25.0％对5. 0%，P=0.009），而AB1/AB2组移植相关死亡率（TRM）高于AA组及其他Bx组（P=0.012）；当供者存在着丝粒端基序（Cen）-A/B时，移植后OS和RFS率好于供者Cen-A/A组（OS率为94. 7％对68. 5%，P＝0.036；RFS率为89. 5％对64. 4%，P=0.045）。 结论 在急性髓系白血病／骨髓增生异常综合征患者移植时首选KIR基因型不合的供者，在所有白血病中供者存在Cen-B是移植后生存的有利因素，并尽量排除AA或AB1/AB2型而选择其他Bx基因型供者，将有利于改善亲缘单倍体HSCT移植预后。
Fibroblast Growth Factor Receptor 2: Expression, Roles, and Potential As a Novel Molecular Target for Colorectal Cancer

The fibroblast growth factor receptor (FGFR) family consists of four members, named FGFR1, 2, 3, and 4. All 4 FGFRs and their ligands, fibroblast growth factors (FGFs), are expressed in colorectal cancer (CRC). Recent studies have shown that FGFR2 plays important roles in cancer progression; therefore, it is of great interest as a novel target for cancers. Expression of FGFR2 regulates migration, invasion, and growth in CRC. Expression of the FGFR2 isoform FGFR2 IIIb was associated with well-differentiated histological types, and its specific ligand, FGF7, enhanced angiogenesis and adhesion to type-IV collagen via FGFR2 IIIb in CRC. FGFR2 IIIc is detected in CRC, but its roles have not been well elucidated. Interactions between FGFR2 IIIb and IIIc and FGFs may play important roles in CRC via autocrine and/or paracrine signaling. Several kinds of molecular-targeting agents against FGFR2 have been developed; however, it is not clear how a cancer treatment can most effectively inhibit FGFR2 IIIb or FGFR2 IIIc, or both isoforms. The aim of this paper is to summarize the roles of FGFR2 and its isoforms in CRC and clarify whether they are potent therapeutic targets for CRC.