Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Influence of Ocean Acidification on a Natural Winter-to-Summer Plankton Succession: First Insights from a Long-Term Mesocosm Study Draw Attention to Periods of Low Nutrient Concentrations

Every year, the oceans absorb about 30% of anthropogenic carbon dioxide (CO2) leading to a re-equilibration of the marine carbonate system and decreasing seawater pH. Today, there is increasing awareness that these changes–summarized by the term ocean acidification (OA)–could differentially affect the competitive ability of marine organisms, thereby provoking a restructuring of marine ecosystems and biogeochemical element cycles. In winter 2013, we deployed ten pelagic mesocosms in the Gullmar Fjord at the Swedish west coast in order to study the effect of OA on plankton ecology and biogeochemistry under close to natural conditions. Five of the ten mesocosms were left unperturbed and served as controls (~380 μatm pCO2), whereas the others were enriched with CO2-saturated water to simulate realistic end-of-the-century carbonate chemistry conditions (~760 μatm pCO2). We ran the experiment for 113 days which allowed us to study the influence of high CO2 on an entire winter-to-summer plankton succession and to investigate the potential of some plankton organisms for evolutionary adaptation to OA in their natural environment. This paper is the first in a PLOS collection and provides a detailed overview on the experimental design, important events, and the key complexities of such a “long-term mesocosm” approach. Furthermore, we analyzed whether simulated end-of-the-century carbonate chemistry conditions could lead to a significant restructuring of the plankton community in the course of the succession. At the level of detail analyzed in this overview paper we found that CO2-induced differences in plankton community composition were non-detectable during most of the succession except for a period where a phytoplankton bloom was fueled by remineralized nutrients. These results indicate: (1) Long-term studies with pelagic ecosystems are necessary to uncover OA-sensitive stages of succession. (2) Plankton communities fueled by regenerated nutrients may be more responsive to changing carbonate chemistry than those having access to high inorganic nutrient concentrations and may deserve particular attention in future studies.
Factorization for non-rigid and articulated structure using metric projections

This paper describes a new algorithm for recovering the 3D shape and motion of deformable and articulated objects purely from uncalibrated 2D image measurements using an iterative factorization approach. Most solutions to non-rigid and articulated structure from motion require metric constraints to be enforced on the motion matrix to solve for the transformation that upgrades the solution to metric space. While in the case of rigid structure the metric upgrade step is simple since the motion constraints are linear, deformability in the shape introduces non-linearities. In this paper we propose an alternating least-squares approach associated with a globally optimal projection step onto the manifold of metric constraints. An important advantage of this new algorithm is its ability to handle missing data which becomes crucial when dealing with real video sequences with self-occlusions. We show successful results of our algorithms on synthetic and real sequences of both deformable and articulated data.
Path planning for autonomous soaring flight in dynamic wind fields

An autonomous aircraft capable of utilising soaring flight in a dynamic wind field could considerably extend flight duration by limiting the use of on-board energy for propulsion. While soaring flight is relatively well understood for known wind, an autonomous soaring aircraft would have to generate paths based only on local observations of the wind made during the flight. This paper presents a method to simultaneously map and utilise a wind field using Gaussian process regression to generate a spatio-temporal map of the wind, and a path planning and dynamic target assignment algorithm to generate energy-gain paths from the current wind estimate. The planning architecture is tested in simulation for dynamic wind fields and shows consistent energy gain through exploration and exploitation of the wind environment.
JCHARMING: A bug reproduction approach using crash traces and directed model checking

Due to their inherent complexity, software systems are pledged to be released with bugs. These bugs manifest themselves on client's computers, causing crashes and undesired behaviors. Field crashes, in particular, are challenging to understand and fix as the information provided by the impacted customers are often scarce and inaccurate. To address this issue, there is a need to find ways for automatically reproducing the crash in a lab environment in order to fully understand its root causes. Crash reproduction is also an important step towards developing adequate patches. In this paper, we propose a novel crash reproduction approach, called JCHARMING (Java CrasH Automatic Reproduction by directed Model checkING). JCHARMING uses crash traces and model checking to identify program statements needed to reproduce a crash. Our approach takes advantage of the completeness provided by model checking while ignoring unneeded system states by means of information found in crash traces combined with static slices. We show the effectiveness of JCHARMING by applying it to seven different open source programs cumulating more than one million lines of code scattered in around 7000 classes. Overall, JCHARMING was able to reproduce 85% of the submitted bugs.
Single real-symbol decodable, high-rate, distributed space-time block codes

A scheme to apply the rate-1 real orthogonal designs (RODs) in relay networks with single real-symbol decodability of the symbols at the destination for any arbitrary number of relays is proposed. In the case where the relays do not have any information about the channel gains from the source to themselves, the best known distributed space time block codes (DSTBCs) for k relays with single real-symbol decodability offer an overall rate of complex symbols per channel use. The scheme proposed in this paper offers an overall rate of 2/2+k complex symbol per channel use, which is independent of the number of relays. Furthermore, in the scenario where the relays have partial channel information in the form of channel phase knowledge, the best known DSTBCs with single real-symbol decodability offer an overall rate of 1/3 complex symbols per channel use. In this paper, making use of RODs, a scheme which achieves the same overall rate of 1/3 complex symbols per channel use but with a decoding delay that is 50 percent of that of the best known DSTBCs, is presented. Simulation results of the symbol error rate performance for 10 relays, which show the superiority of the proposed scheme over the best known DSTBC for 10 relays with single real-symbol decodability, are provided.
Carotenoid‐based bill colour as an indicator of immunocompetence and sperm performance in male mallards

Female mate choice is often based on exaggerated sexual traits, signals of male qualities that females cannot assess directly. Two such key qualities are male immune and/or sexual competence, whereby honesty in signalling could be maintained by physiological trade‐offs. Carotenoid‐based ornaments likely constitute such honest signals, as there is direct competition for (limited) carotenoids between ornament deposition and anti‐oxidant support of immune or sperm functioning. Using spectrometry, we assessed the potential signalling function of the yellow, carotenoid‐based colour of the bill of male mallards, a target of female mate choice. Here we demonstrate that bill reflectance varied with plasma carotenoid level, indicating antioxidant reserves. Moreover, lower relative UV reflectance during autumn pairing predicted immune responsiveness and correlated positively with sperm velocity during breeding, a trait that affects fertility. Our data provide support for current theories that females could use carotenoid‐based sexual signals to detect immune vigour and fertilizing ability of prospective mates.
Flow estimation using an Elman networks

This paper investigates the application of partially recurrent artificial neural networks (ANN) in the flow estimation for Sao Francisco river that feeds the hydroelectric power plant of Sobradinho. An Elman neural network was used, suitably arranged to receive samples of the flow time series data available for Sao Francisco river shifted by one month. The data used in the application concern to the measured Sao Francisco river flow time series from 1931 to 1996, in a total of 65 years from what 60 were used for training and 5 for testing. The obtained results indicate that the Elman neural network is suitable to estimate the river flow for 5 year periods monthly. The average estimation error was less than 0.2%.
Characterizing the query behavior in peer-to-peer file sharing systems

This paper characterizes the query behavior of peers in a peer-to-peer (P2P) file sharing system. In contrast to previous work, which provides various aggregate workload statistics, we characterize peer behavior in a form that can be used for constructing representative synthetic workloads for evaluating new P2P system designs. In particular, the analysis exposes heterogeneous behavior that occurs on different days, in different geographical regions (i. e., Asia, Europe, and North America) or during different periods of the day. The workload measures include the fraction of connected sessions that are passive (i. e., issue no queries), the duration of such sessions, and for each active session, the number of queries issued, time until first query, query interarrival time, time after last query, and distribution of query popularity. Moreover, the key correlations in these workload measures are captured in the form of conditional distributions, such that the correlations can be accurately reproduced in a synthetic workload. The characterization is based on trace data gathered in the Gnutella P2P system over a period of 40 days. To characterize system-independent user behavior, we eliminate queries that are specific to the Gnutella system software, such as re-queries that are automatically issued by some client implementations to improve system responsiveness.
Effect of gate bias on channel in depletion-all-around operation of the SOI four-gate transistor

In depletion-all around (DAA) operation of SOI four-gate transistor (G4-FET), the conducting channel can be surrounded by depletion regions induced by independent vertical MOS gates and lateral JFET gates. This enables majority carriers to flow through the volume of the silicon film far from both silicon/oxide and p+ gate/n-channel interfaces. A numerical model using FEMLAB with MATLAB is developed to obtain the potential distribution solving 2-D Poisson equation using finite element method. This model is extendable to fully depleted (FD) structure. Using this model, effect of gate bias on the location and size of the conducting channel is studied. Gradual change of the size of the conducting channel from drain to source is also studied when drain is positively biased. Under appropriate gate bias voltages, the cross-section of the channel may be made sufficiently narrow to invoke quantum mechanical effects.
Contrasuppression. A novel immunoregulatory activity

We have described an interaction between two T cells subsets that results in interference with the expression of Ly-1-, 2+ (Ly-2) T cell- mediated suppression. We refer to this novel immunoregulatory activity as contrasuppression. The T cell responsible for the induction of contrasuppression (inducer cell) expresses the phenotype Ly-1-, 2+;I- J+;Qa-1+. This phenotype distinguishes it from the suppressor effector cells which we find to be I-J-2.3. An I-J+ soluble mediator from the contrasuppressor inducer cell acts on another cell (acceptor cell) that expresses the phenotype Ly-1+, 2+; I-J+; Qa-1+. This phenotype distinguishes it from T helper cells. Both the inducer cell (or its biologically active mediator) and its acceptor cell are required for the expression of contrasuppression. Because contrasuppressor cells can block the suppressive activity of cell-free mediators released by Ly-2 suppressor T cells, the mechanism of contrasuppression is either separated from or in addition to the inactivation of suppressor cells themselves. The potential importance of contrasuppressor activity in the regulation of suppressor T cell activity in allowing immunologic memory to be expressed and in permitting microenvironmental immune regulation is discussed.
International Conference on Parallel Processing EXPERIMENTS WITH CONFIGURABLE LOCKS FOR MULTIPROCESSORS

Operating aydtem kernels typically ofler a f i e d art of mechanisms and prrmittves. Howeuer, the attain1m ~ n t of high perjormance for a variety ojpamllel applturI. ftoris regutre3 the avatlabtlrty df reconfigumble and extens i t i e operattng system kernel pnmafivas. I n this paper, rue lam . present an implementation of multtpmessor locks that can be reconfigured dynamicolty.
Cytomegalovirus infection after autologous bone marrow transplantation: occurrence of cytomegalovirus disease and effect on engraftment.

Epidemiologic and clinical characteristics of cytomegalovirus (CMV) infection and disease were analyzed retrospectively in 159 autologous marrow transplant recipients. The probability of CMV infection by day 100 after transplant was 22.5% in patients seronegative to CMV before transplant versus 61.1% in seropositive patients (P less than .0001 by logrank test). Multivariate analysis identified positive pretransplant CMV serology as the only definable risk factor for CMV infection (relative risk 1.4, P less than .0001). CMV pneumonia developed in 11 patients at a median time of 100 days after transplant and was fatal in nine cases. CMV pneumonia was associated with significantly decreased probability of survival by day 100 after transplant (relative risk of death of 16.7, P less than .0001). In contrast to earlier reports, CMV infection had no significant effect on the rapidity of platelet or neutrophil recovery after transplant as assessed by time-dependent multivariate analysis. Because the incidence of severe CMV disease is not negligible after autologous marrow transplantation, preventive measures against CMV infection are warranted, as in allogeneic marrow transplantation.
Everyday Life Music Information-Seeking Behaviour of Young Adults

This poster presents the preliminary results of an ongoing qualitative study on the everyday-life music informationseeking behaviour of young adults. The data were collected through in-depth interviews and analyzed following a grounded theory approach. The analysis showed a strong penchant for informal channels (e.g., friends, relative) and, conversely, a distrust of experts. It also emerged that music seeking was mostly motivated by curiosity rather than by actual information needs, which in turn explains why browsing is such a popular strategy.
MODELING PHYSIOLOGICAL CALCIUM SIGNALING FOR FAST TRANSMITTER RELEASE AT A CENTRAL SYNAPSE: TOPOGRAPHY OF RELEASE SITES AND ITS FUNCTIONAL SIGNIFICANCE

MODELING PHYSIOLOGICAL CALCIUM SIGNALING FOR FAST TRANSMITTER RELEASE AT A CENTRAL SYNAPSE: TOPOGRAPHY OF RELEASE SITES AND ITS FUNCTIONAL SIGNIFICANCE This thesis addresses how calcium channels and neurotransmitter vesicles at release sites are spatially organized to control fast synaptic transmission in the central nervous system (topography of release sites). The problem, investigated here for the giant synapse calyx of Held, has been addressed before by a number of studies. However, the large number of poorly known parameters has often defeated attempts to conclude which topography governs presynaptic calcium signaling and thus the transmission characteristics of central synapses. Combining a computer model of buffered calcium diffusion and release with novel analyses of available experimental data, this work answers the following questions: What is the distance between individual calcium channels at release sites? What are the amplitude, spatial profile, and time course of the [Ca] signal controlling phasic release? Are channels located randomly or following functional organizing principles, such as clustering? How many channels control the fusion of individual vesicles? And finally, where are these channels located with respect to the vesicles? While providing new insights into prerequisites and feasibility of buffered calcium-diffusion modeling in nerve cells, a particular aim of this study is to clarify the significance of crucial aspects of the topography for the specific physiological function of the synapse.
Family satisfaction with care in the intensive care unit: Results of a multiple center study*

Objective To determine the level of satisfaction of family members with the care that they and their critically ill relative received. Design Prospective cohort study. Setting Six university-affiliated intensive care units across Canada. Methods We administered a validated questionnaire to family members who made at least one visit to intensive care unit patients who received mechanical ventilation for >48 hrs. We obtained self-rated levels of satisfaction with 25 key aspects of care related to the overall intensive care unit experience, communication, and decision making. For family members of survivors, the questionnaire was administered while the patient was still in the hospital. For family members of nonsurvivors, the questionnaire was mailed out to the family member 3–4 wks after the patient’s death. Main Results A total of 891 family members received questionnaires; 624 were returned (70% response rate). The majority of respondents were satisfied with overall care and with overall decision making (mean ± sd item score, 84.3 ± 15.7 and 75.9 ± 26.4, respectively). Families reported the greatest satisfaction with nursing skill and competence (92.4 ± 14.0), the compassion and respect given to the patient (91.8 ± 15.4), and pain management (89.1 ± 16.7). They were least satisfied with the waiting room atmosphere (65.0 ± 30.6) and frequency of physician communication (70.7 ± 29.0). The variables significantly associated with overall satisfaction in a regression analysis were completeness of information received, respect and compassion shown to the patient and family member, and the amount of health care received. Satisfaction varied significantly across sites. Conclusions Most family members were highly satisfied with the care provided to them and their critically ill relative in the intensive care unit. Efforts to improve the nature of interactions and communication with families are likely to lead to improvements in satisfaction.
Licensed under Creative Commons Attribution Cc by Finding Maximal Clique in a Graph

Given a simple graph G with n vertices. Furthermore, given an algorithm to get maximal clique in graph G. Clique Q of G is a set of vertices, where each vertex are connected to each other. Clique is called maximal clique when it does not have vertices that adjoinable again. For finding maximal clique Q i used the Maximal Clique Algorithm. This algorithm can be used to obtain the maximum clique on certain graph models. Maximal cliques can be very small, when a graph may contain a non-maximal clique with many vertices and a separate clique of size two which is maximal. A maximum clique is necessarily maximal clique, but does not converse. There are some types of graphs, which every maximal clique is maximum clique, which is complete graphs, triangle-free graphs, and complete multipartite graphs. But the other graphs have maximal cliques that are not maximum.
Bi-Deniable Inner Product Encryption from LWE

Deniable encryption (Canetti et al. CRYPTO ’97) is an intriguing primitive that provides a security guarantee against not only eavesdropping attacks as required by semantic security, but also stronger coercion attacks performed after the fact. The concept of deniability has later demonstrated useful and powerful in many other contexts, such as leakage resilience, adaptive security of protocols, and security against selective opening attacks. Despite its conceptual usefulness, our understanding of how to construct deniable primitives under standard assumptions is restricted. In particular, from standard assumptions such as Learning with Errors (LWE), we have only multi-distributional or non-negligible advantage deniable encryption schemes, whereas with the much stronger assumption of indistinguishable obfuscation, we can obtain at least fully-secure sender-deniable PKE and computation. How to achieve deniability for other more advanced encryption schemes under standard assumptions remains an interesting open question. In this work, we construct a bi-deniable inner product encryption (IPE) in the multi-distributional model without relying on obfuscation as a black box. Our techniques involve new ways of manipulating Gaussian noise, and lead to a significantly tighter analysis of noise growth in Dual Regev type encryption schemes. We hope these ideas can give insight into achieving deniability and related properties for further, advanced cryptographic constructions under standard assumptions.
Self-Evolution in a Constructive Binary String System

We examine the qualitative dynamics of a catalytic self-organizing system of binary strings that is inspired by the chemical information processing metaphor. A string is interpreted in two different ways: either (a) as raw data or (b) as a machine that is able to process another string as data in order to produce a third one. This article focuses on the phenomena of evolution whose appearance is notable because no explicit mutation, recombination, or artificial selection operators are introduced. We call the system self-evolving because every variation is performed by the objects themselves in their machine form.
Based on physiology parameters to design lie detector

Objective—Multi-parameters are employed to design a device of lie detector, including Skin Temperature, electrocardiogram (ECG), Pressure of End-Tidal Carbon Dioxide (PETCO2), Oxygen Saturation and other physiological parameters. Methods: Skin Temperature is measured by temperature sensor, and it is used to monitor the difference during the lie detection procedure. Standard CM5 ECG lead, used to extract the signal of heart rate, re-extracted heart rate variability and other autonomic nervous system characterized by the parameters. Oxygen Saturation and PETCO2 detection were tested late changes of respiration and respiratory status. 300Hz sampling rate was used to capture the channel signal. Through the low-power microcontroller MSP430, the signal was sent into computer via USB communication. Result: After debugging and verifying, reliable physical parameters can be collected from multi-parameter detection system. It provided a set of physiological information monitoring for the hardware system. Discussion: Signal analysis software needed further design, at the same time adjust the acquisition parameters of front-end signal, and a reasonable configuration, all of them are lay the foundation of software system design. The result shows that the lie detector system based on physiological parameters is cheaper and more convenient than others.