Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Is the Pharmacokinetic Profile of a First Anti-TNF Predictive of the Clinical Outcome and Pharmacokinetics of a Second Anti-TNF?

Aim The aim of this study was to evaluate prospectively the clinical outcomes and pharmacokinetics of a second anti-TNF according to the pharmacokinetics of the first anti-TNF in patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). Methods In patients in loss of response (LOR) to a first optimized anti-TNF and switched to a second anti-TNF, pharmacokinetics of anti-TNF were measured at the switch time, 30 weeks later, at the time of LOR, or at the end of the study (102 weeks). Results At the switch time, patients (n = 59) belonged to 4 groups according to the pharmacokinetics of the first anti-TNF: group 1 (n = 18), therapeutic trough levels; group 2 (n = 13) undetectable trough levels with antibodies against anti-TNF; group 3 (n = 13) without antibodies against anti-TNF; and group 4 (n = 15) subtherapeutic trough levels. After switching, the failure rates at week 30 and during the follow-up were as follows, respectively: in group 1 with therapeutic levels, 50% and 78%, despite therapeutic levels of the second anti-TNF in 83% of cases; in group 2 with undetectable levels and antibodies, 15% and 69% with undetectable levels of the second anti-TNF and antibodies in 85% of cases; in group 3 with undetectable levels without antibodies, 0% and 31% with therapeutic levels in 77% of cases; in group 4 with subtherapeutic levels, 13% and 33% with therapeutic levels in 73% of cases. Clinical remission rates were significantly lower (P ≤ 0.05) in groups 1 and 2 with therapeutic or undetectable levels with antibodies than in the 2 other groups. Conclusion In the case of LOR with therapeutic levels of the first anti-TNF or undetectable levels with antibodies, the switch to a second anti-TNF results in pharmacokinetic profile similar to the first one and again in LOR in most of the patients.
- 09-01 Fast Inference for Interactive Models of Text

Fast Inference for Interactive Models of Text Jeffrey A. Lund Department of Computer Science, BYU Master of Science Probabilistic models of text are a useful tool for enabling the analysis of large collections of digital text. For example, Latent Dirichlet Allocation can quickly produce topical summaries of large collections of text documents. Many important uses cases of such models include human interaction during the inference process for these models of text. For example, the Interactive Topic Model extends Latent Dirichlet Allocation to incorporate human expertise during inference in order to produce topics which are better suited to individual user needs. However, interactive use cases of probabilistic models of text introduce new constraints on inference the inference procedure must not only be accurate, but also fast enough to facilitate human interaction. If the inference is too slow, then the human interaction will be harmed, and the interactive aspect of the probabilistic model will be less useful. Unfortunately, the most popular inference algorithms in use today either require strong approximations which can degrade the quality of some models, or require time-consuming sampling. We explore the use of Iterated Conditional Modes, an algorithm which is able to obtain locally optimal maximum a posteriori estimates, as an alternative to popular inference algorithms such as Gibbs sampling or mean field variational inference. Iterated Conditional Modes algorithm is not only fast enough to facilitate human interaction, but can produce better maximum a posteriori estimates than sampling. We demonstrate the superior performance of Iterated Conditional Modes on a wide variety of models. First we use a DP Mixture of Multinomials model applied to the problem of web search result cluster, and show that not only can we outperform previous methods in clustering quality, but we can achieve interactive runtimes when performing inference with Iterated Conditional Modes. We then apply Iterated Conditional Modes to the Interactive Topic Model. Not only is Iterated Conditional Modes much faster than the previous published Gibbs sampler, but we are better able to incorporate human feedback during inference, as measured by accuracy on a classification task using the resultant topic model. Finally, we utilize Iterated Conditional Modes with MomResp, a model used to aggregate multiple noisy crowdsourced data. Compared with Gibbs sampling, Iterated Conditional Modes is better able to recover ground truth labels from simulated noisy annotations, and runs orders of magnitude faster.
Selective moving behaviour in ethnic neighbourhoods: white flight, white avoidance, ethnic attraction or ethnic retention?

Abstract Spatial concentrations of ethnic minorities might in principle be created and maintained by four different kinds of moving behaviour stemming from special housing preferences and options among either ethnic minorities or the native population. Inclination among natives to move away from neighbourhoods dominated by ethnic minorities has been called ‘White Flight’ in the literature, and disposition to avoid them ‘White Avoidance’. Preferences among ethnic minorities for living together with kinsmen or countrymen might create an inclination to move into multi-ethnic neighbourhoods, in this paper called ‘Ethnic Attraction’, or to remain there, called ‘Ethnic Retention’. This paper estimates the importance and size of these four kinds of behaviour based on an extensive database from Denmark using new statistical methods. It is concluded that white avoidance is the strongest reason for spatial concentrations of Non-Western ethnic minorities followed by ethnic attraction. White flight has a smaller impact and ethnic retention is without importance.
Studies on the pollination biology of the tropical forage legume shrub Cratylia argentea.

Cratylia argentea is a high-quality forage legume shrub, with particular potential for the subhumid tropics owing to its adaptation to acid and infertile soils and drought tolerance. However, lack of knowledge about the ability of this species to self-pollinate makes purity maintenance of accessions difficult. Studies were conducted to investigate whether the gametes of C. argentea flowers are self-compatible, and to verify the dependence of reproduction on insects. Pod set and seed production were assessed in a pollination experiment with 4 treatments (spontaneous self-pollination, artificial self-pollination, insect pollination and artificial cross-pollination). Our results (0–1.2% pod set after selfing, 3.4% after insect pollination and 20.3% after artificial crossing) suggest that C. argentea is mostly self-incompatible. Seed:ovule ratios were 0.63 with insect pollination and 0.78 with artificial crossing. We found that pollen grains mature before the stigma becomes receptive, which suggests that the species is cross-pollinated. We also found evidence that C. argentea depends on large solitary bees for pollination, based on flower structure and the stigma becoming receptive only after tripping of the flower. Xylocopa frontalis and 2 Centris species were identified as key pollinators. In view of its simplicity, the research procedure utilised is suggested for other tropical legume species pollinated by large insects.
Can a pairwise contact potential stabilize native protein folds against decoys obtained by threading?

We present a method to derive contact energy parameters from large sets of proteins. The basic requirement on which our method is based is that for each protein in the database the native contact map has lower energy than all its decoy conformations that are obtained by threading. Only when this condition is satisfied one can use the proposed energy function for fold identification. Such a set of parameters can be found (by perceptron learning) if Mp, the number of proteins in the database, is not too large. Other aspects that influence the existence of such a solution are the exact definition of contact and the value of the critical distance Rc, below which two residues are considered to be in contact. Another important novel feature of our approach is its ability to determine whether an energy function of some suitable proposed form can or cannot be parameterized in a way that satisfies our basic requirement. As a demonstration of this, we determine the region in the (Rc, Mp) plane in which the problem is solvable, i.e., we can find a set of contact parameters that stabilize simultaneously all the native conformations. We show that for large enough databases the contact approximation to the energy cannot stabilize all the native folds even against the decoys obtained by gapless threading. Proteins 2000;38:134–148. © 2000 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Hydrogen-bonding evolution during the polymorphic transformations in CH3NH3PbBr3: Experiment and theory

The structural stability of the organometal halide perovskites (CH3NHjPbX3, where X = Br, I, Cl) is highly correlated with the rotation of the methylammounium (MA) cations and the tilting of the PbX6 octahedra. Hydrogen-bonding is the link between organic molecules and inorganic cages. In this study, the hydrogen-bonding status between the H atoms of the methylammonium (MA) cation and the halide ions is resolved through temperature-dependent experiments combined with theoretical analysis.
Automatic Documentation of ICD Codes with Far-Field Speech Recognition

Documentation errors increase healthcare costs and cause unnecessary patient deaths. As the standard language for diagnoses and billing, ICD codes serve as the foundation for medical documentation worldwide. Despite the prevalence of electronic medical records, hospitals still witness high levels of ICD miscoding. In this paper, we propose to automatically document ICD codes with far-field speech recognition. Far-field speech occurs when the microphone is located several meters from the source, as is common with smart homes and security systems. Our method combines acoustic signal processing with recurrent neural networks to recognize and document ICD codes in real time. To evaluate our model, we collected a far-field speech dataset of ICD-10 codes used in emergency departments and found our model to achieve 87% accuracy with a BLEU score of 85%. By sampling from an unsupervised medical language model, our method is able to outperform existing methods. This work shows the potential of automatic speech recognition to provide efficient, accurate, and cost-effective documentation.
Attention préparatoire : un nouveau paradigme

Cet article rappelle d'abord deux des questions fondamentales concernant l'attention: sa mise en jeu (exogene et endogene) et ses effets (inhibition ou activation). Ensuite, un cadre theorique est presente pour l'attention preparatoire et les composantes que l'on peut decrire, notamment en fonction du decours temporel. Enfin, des donnees recentes sont presentees concernant d'une part la methode d'indicage spatial chez les heminegligents et d'autre part un nouveau paradigme permettant de mesurer la distractibilite des patients souffrant de lesion frontale.
Scalability analysis of aggregation web services for smart grid fast automated demand response

In this paper, we modeled stochastic wide-area communication delays in a fast automated demand response (FastADR) system using an M/M/1 queuing system. By considering a very large number of communication gateways in buildings spread over a wide area, the scalability of the aggregation communication performance was estimated by the M/M/1 transient analysis. The validity of our analysis model was confirmed in a laboratory experiment with realistic wide-area communication emulation equipment. Using the parameters from the experiment, expected aggregation service communication times were analyzed theoretically, including a large-scale FastADR system consisting of 1,000 buildings. Our scalability analysis has shown that it is necessary to divide the total system into 25 aggregation subsystems with each 40 building gateways to realize the expected aggregation Web service delay of less than 30 seconds.
A second order energy stable scheme for the Cahn-Hilliard-Hele-Shaw equations

We present a second-order-in-time finite difference scheme for the Cahn-Hilliard-Hele-Shaw equations. This numerical method is uniquely solvable and unconditionally energy stable. At each time step, this scheme leads to a system of nonlinear equations that can be efficiently solved by a nonlinear multigrid solver. Owing to the energy stability, we derive an \begin{document}$\ell^2 (0, T; H_h^3)$\end{document} stability of the numerical scheme. To overcome the difficulty associated with the convection term \begin{document}$\nabla · (\phi \mathit{\boldsymbol{u}})$\end{document} , we perform an \begin{document}$\ell^∞ (0, T; H_h^1)$\end{document} error estimate instead of the classical \begin{document}$\ell^∞ (0, T; \ell^2)$\end{document} one to obtain the optimal rate convergence analysis. In addition, various numerical simulations are carried out, which demonstrate the accuracy and efficiency of the proposed numerical scheme.
Online Continuous-Time Tensor Factorization Based on Pairwise Interactive Point Processes

A continuous-time tensor factorization method is developed for event sequences containing multiple "modalities. " Each data element is a point in a tensor, whose dimensions are associated with the discrete alphabet of the modalities. Each tensor data element has an associated time of occurence and a feature vector. We model such data based on pairwise interactive point processes, and the proposed framework connects pairwise tensor factorization with a feature-embedded point process. The model accounts for interactions within each modality, interactions across different modalities, and continuous-time dynamics of the interactions. Model learning is formulated as a convex optimization problem, based on online alternating direction method of multipliers. Compared to existing state-of-the-art methods, our approach captures the latent structure of the tensor and its evolution over time, obtaining superior results on real-world datasets.
Posttraumatic Growth: A Developmental Perspective

Tedeschi and Calhoun (this issue) prefer the term posttrauniatic growth to stress-related growth, be cause they do not feel that ordinary stressors can result in growth. Thus, they restrict circumstances that pro mote growth to trauma, which they define as synony mous with "crisis, highly stressful events, and other similar terms. " As they note, this is considerably broader than the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Menital Disorders (4th ed.; American Psychiatric As sociation, 2000) definition, which restricts trauma to those events that have the possibility of resulting in se rious bodily injury or death to oneself or loved ones, or witnessing mass destruction. This definition creates a number of difficulties. For example, confusion may arise if people mistake their less restrictive definition of trauma with the more ordi narily used one. The reason that they defined trauma in this manner is that they further assume that growth re sults only from major negative life events. Indeed, in their Figure 1, the starting point for posttraumatic growth is always a "seismic" event. This viewpoint parallels the classic debate in devel opmental psychology between the view that develop ment is discontinuous and qualitative (cf. Piaget, 1952) and the countervailing theory that change is continu ous and quantitative (cf. Bruner, Olver, & Greenfield, 1966). Eventually this debate was resolved by arguing that the key issue was the rate of change. Periods of gradual change could be punctuated by periods of rapid change that appeared to be qualitative and dis continuous, but that nonetheless could often be broken down into smaller steps, often during a period of dis equilibrium (cf. Ford & Lerner, 1992). Tedeschi and Calhoun's theory seems to posit dis continuous, qualitative change; for example, a seismic event shatters an individual's assumption system, forc ing reconfiguration of their schemata (see also Epstein, 1991). However, their measure of posttraumatic growth is a quantitative, not a qualitative, indicator, which appears to contradict their model of how change occurs. We have argued elsewhere that stress can result in change, whether positive or negative, depending on stressor characteristics and individual resources and coping strategies (Aldwin, 1999). True, stressors that have a rapid onset and cut across multiple domains may be more likely to result in change, but incremental change can also occur even with relatively small stressors. For example, if one translates the rather po etic "a greater sense of personal strength" into the more mundane "increased mastery or coping resources," then clearly coping with even relatively minor stress ors can result in increased mastery. Similarly, shared tasks or problems can result in closer ties with others. Posttraumatic growth may be more rapid and compre hensive, but there is no evidence that we are aware of
NUTRITIONAL PROPERTIES AND VOLATILE PROFILE OF BREWER'S SPENT GRAIN SUPPLEMENTED BREAD

The brewer's spent grain is a low-cost by-product of the brewing process but at the same time it is a valuable source of dietary fibre, protein and essential amino acids, minerals, polyphenols, vitamins and lipids. The aim of this research was to incorporate the brewer's spent grain, provided from black beer production, into a simple bread formulation and to evaluate its contribution to the nutritional composition, volatile profile as well as on the sensorial properties of the enriched bread. The substitution of wheat flour with 5%, 10%, 15% and 20% brewer's spent grain flour resulted in bread formulations with enhance nutritional value (increased fibre, protein, fat and minerals content) and flavour attributes imparted by the characteristic volatile compounds. The sensorial analysis revealed that, compare with the 100% white flour bread, the bread formulations with up to 10% added brewer's spent grain flour had good organoleptic attributes and overall acceptability, indicating the opportunity of using this by-product as a fortifying ingredient in bakery products.
Why do people engage in interpersonal emotion regulation at work?

People in organizations often try to change the feelings of those they interact with. Research in this area has to date focused on how people try to regulate others’ emotions, with less attention paid to understanding the reasons why. This paper presents a theoretical framework that proposes three overarching dimensions of motivations for interpersonal emotion regulation at work, relating to the extent to which regulation is motivated by autonomy (intrinsic vs. extrinsic), relatedness (prosocial vs. egoistic), and competence (performance- vs. pleasure-oriented). Combining these dimensions suggests eight possible categories of motives that underlie interpersonal emotion regulation. The framework enables new predictions about how motives influence the types of emotions elicited in others, the strategies employed, and the effectiveness of interpersonal emotion regulation in organizations.
Natural variation in Drosophila melanogaster diapause due to the insulin-regulated PI3-kinase

This study links natural variation in a Drosophila melanogaster overwintering strategy, diapause, to the insulin-regulated phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3-kinase) gene, Dp110. Variation in diapause, a reproductive arrest, was associated with Dp110 by using Dp110 deletions and genomic rescue fragments in transgenic flies. Deletions of Dp110 increased the proportion of individuals in diapause, whereas expression of Dp110 in the nervous system, but not including the visual system, decreased it. The roles of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase for both diapause in D. melanogaster and dauer formation in Caenorhabditis elegans suggest a conserved role for this kinase in both reproductive and developmental arrests in response to environmental stresses.
Non-auditory Effects of Noise on Children: A Critical Review

Large numbers of children both in the United States and throughout the economically developing world are chronically exposed to high levels of ambient noise. Although a great deal is known about chronic noise exposures and hearing damage, much less is known about the non-auditory effects of chronic ambient noise exposure on children. To estimate the risk of ambient noise exposure to healthy human development, more information. about and attention to non-auditory effects such as psychophysiological functioning, motivation, and cognitive processes is needed. This article critically reviews existing research on the non-auditory effects of noise on children; develops several preliminary models of how noise may adversely affect children; and advocates an ecological perspective for a future research agenda.
Reverse Engineering Queries in Ontology-Enriched Systems: The Case of Expressive Horn Description Logic Ontologies

We introduce the query-by-example (QBE) paradigm for query answering in the presence of ontologies. Intuitively, QBE permits non-expert users to explore the data by providing examples of the information they (do not) want, which the system then generalizes into a query. Formally, we study the following question: given a knowledge base and sets of positive and negative examples, is there a query that returns all positive but none of the negative examples? We focus on description logic knowledge bases with ontologies formulated in Horn-ALCI and (unions of) conjunctive queries. Our main contributions are characterizations, algorithms and tight complexity bounds for QBE.
Isolated metastasis of an EGFR-L858R-mutated NSCLC of the meninges: the potential impact of CXCL12/CXCR4 axis in EGFRmut NSCLC in diagnosis, follow-up and treatment

Brain and leptomeningeal metastasis (LMM) of non-small cell lung cancer is still associated with poor prognosis. Moreover, the current diagnostic standard for LMM often yields false negative results and the scientific progress in this field is still unsatisfying. We present a case of a 71-year old patient with an isolated LMM. While standard diagnostics could only diagnose a cancer of unknown primary, the use of [68Ga]-Pentixafor-PET/CT (CXCR4-PET/CT, a radiotracer targeting CXCR4) and a liquid biopsy of the cerebrospinal fluid revealed the primary NSCLC. The detection of L858R-EGFR, a common driver mutation in NSCLC, enabled us to treat the patient with Afatinib and monitor treatment using [68Ga]-Pentixafor PET/CT. To estimate the impact of CXCR4 signaling and its ligands in NSCLC brain metastasis we looked at their expression and correlation with EGFR mutations in a primary and brain metastasis data set and investigated the previously described binding of extracellular ubiquitin to CXCR4. In conclusion, we describe a novel approach to improve diagnostics towards LMM and underline the impact of the CXCL12/CXCR4 axis in brain metastasis in a subset of NSCLC patients. We cannot confirm a correlation of CXCR4 expression with EGFR mutations or the binding of extracellular ubiquitin as previously reported.
Analysis of Rule Based Approach for Afan Oromo Automatic Morphological Synthesizer

The aim of this study was to design a morphological synthesizer for Afan Oromo particularly for verbs and nouns. In this research rule based approach for Afan Oromo automatic morphological synthesizer was applied. The performance of the synthesizer was evaluated using accuracy as statistical measurement. An average performance of 96.28% for verbs and 97.46% for nouns was obtained. Potential directions are identified to further improve the synthesizer in the future. The result obtained encourages the undertaking of further research in the area, especially with the aim of developing a fullfledged Afan Oromo morphological synthesizer.