Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Understanding Thickness-Dependent Charge Transport in Pentacene Transistors by Low-Frequency Noise

Close correlation between low-frequency noise and charge transport in pentacene transistors is observed. The trap density evolving with pentacene deposition reveals transformation of growth phase and different transport mechanisms. It explains the greatly altered mobility and contact resistance in which the upper surface's trapping plays an important role. Inspecting contact noise shows high density of traps at contacts that result possibly from pyramid like growth of pentacene or contact damage or both.
A Handheld Electrostatic Precipitator for Sampling Airborne Particles and Nanoparticles

Researchers at NIOSH are developing methods for characterizing ultrafine aerosols in workplaces. One method includes the detailed analysis of collected particles using electron microscopy (EM). In order to collect samples for EM at remote workplaces including mining and manufacturing facilities, researchers have developed a handheld electrostatic precipitator (ESP) particle sampler capable of collecting airborne particles including nanoscale materials, for subsequent EM analysis. The handheld ESP has been tested in the laboratory and is currently undergoing beta testing in the field. Gross collection efficiencies were measured with a CPC and net efficiencies by EM analysis of collected samples. Using laboratory-generated NaCl aerosols in the 30–400 nm size range at a flow rate of 55 cc/min and ESP operating voltages between 5.6–6.8 kV, both gross and net efficiencies were measured and showed a similar correlation with voltage, with maximum efficiency of approximately 86% at 6.4 kV. EM images from samples were also used to estimate particle size distributions of the original aerosols and the size-dependent deposition was evaluated for upstream versus downstream locations on the sample media. Results suggest that the number concentration and particle size distribution of sampled aerosols may potentially be estimated from a single ESP sample, but that the accuracy and repeatability of such quantification need to be investigated and refined. NIOSH is planning to license the ESP sampler for commercial manufacturing.
The Problem of the True Index of the Cost of Living

BY THE EXPRESSION "cost of living" we mean the monetary value of those consumers' goods which are in fact consumed in the course of a certain period of time by an average family belonging to a given stratum of a population. Consumption of given quantities of consumers' goods defines that general state of want-satisfaction we call "the standard of living" of the family in question. Any standard of living may be reached by various combinations of quantities of consumed goods (depending on relative prices and monetary expenditures by the consumer). If in the course of two periods of time, the general status of wantsatisfaction of the family-or the "standard of living" of that familyremains constant, then we obtain the "true index of the cost of living" by dividing the cost of living at one period of time by the cost of living at the other period. This index shows the relative change occurring in the monetary cost of those consumers' goods which are necessary for the maintenance of a certain standard of living. Thus in computing the true index of the cost of living, we compare the monetary cost of two different combinations of goods which are connected solely by the condition that during the consumption of these two combinations, the general status of want-satisfaction (the standard of living) is the same. In practice, however, the usual method of computing indexes of the cost of living is the so-called method of aggregates. This method consists of calculating the cost of a given aggregate of consumers' goods taken in amounts corresponding to the average or normal consumptiona and at the prices prevailing at a given time, and dividing it by
BDNF activated TrkB/IRR receptor chimera promotes survival of sympathetic neurons through Ras and PI‐3 kinase signaling

Insulin receptor‐related receptor (IRR) expression is tightly coupled to the nerve growth factor (NGF) receptor, TrkA, throughout development. Expression of both receptors is primarily localized to neural crest derived sensory and sympathetic neurons. In contrast to TrkA, however, the physiological ligand for IRR is unknown. To analyze the intracellular signaling and potential function of the orphan IRR in neurons, an adenovirus expressing a TrkB/IRR chimeric receptor was used to infect cultured mouse superior cervical ganglion neurons that normally require NGF for survival. Brain derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF)‐activated TrkB/IRR induced neuronal survival. We utilized numerous receptor mutants in order to identify the intracellular domains of IRR necessary for signaling and neuron survival. Finally, we employed adenovirus encoding dominant negative forms of the extracellular signal‐regulated kinase (ERK) signaling cascade to demonstrate that IRR, like TrkA, requires ras activation to promote neuron survival. Therefore, by use of the chimeric TrkB/IRR receptor, we have demonstrated the ability of IRR to elicit activation of signaling cascades resulting in a biological response in superior cervical ganglion (SCG) neurons. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Pseudorabies virus glycoproteins gII and gp50 are essential for virus penetration

Pseudorabies virus (PrV) glycoproteins gII and gp50 are major constituents of the viral envelope and targets of neutralizing monoclonal antibodies. Both are homologs of essential glycoproteins found in herpes simplex virus, gB (gII) and gD (gp50). We recently isolated a gII-negative PrV deletion mutant on complementing cell lines and established the essential character of gII for PrV replication (I. Rauh, F. Weiland, F. Fehler, G. Keil, and T.C. Mettenleiter, J. Virol. 65: 621-631, 1991). In this report, we describe the isolation of a gp50-negative PrV mutant after constructing cell lines that constitutively express gp50 and phenotypically complement the gp50 defect. Analysis of the gp50- mutant proved that gp50 is essential for PrV replication. Further studies showed that both gII and gp50 are required for viral penetration into target cells. The penetration defect in the gII and gp50 deletion mutants could be overcome by experimental polyethylene glycol-induced membrane fusion. Surprisingly, whereas gII proved to be essential for both penetration and cell-cell spread of the virus, gp50 was required only for penetration and appeared dispensable for direct cell-cell spread.
Joint Channel State Based Random Access and Adaptive Modulation in Wireless LANs with Multi-Packet Reception

Conventional 802.11 medium access control (MAC) protocols have been designed separately from the characteristics of the physical layer so as to simplify the analysis, but this hardly optimizes the overall performance from a system point of view. In this paper, we propose a channel state information (CSI) based random access protocol that takes advantage of multi-packet reception (MPR) in IEEE 802.11-like wireless local area networks (WLANs). Specifically, the proposed MAC protocol dynamically adjusts each nodes transmission probability according to the network population, estimated channel condition, as well as the maximum number of packets that can be simultaneously decoded. System throughput is analyzed by taking adaptive modulation and transmission errors into consideration. Based on such analytical result, an optimal transmission policy is derived to maximize the system throughput. In addition, the impact of imperfect CSI on the throughput performance is investigated and the tradeoff between the CSI quality and average SNR at the receiver is demonstrated. It is shown that compared with the schemes using conventional models, our proposed approach can significantly increase the throughput without sacrificing system resources such as bandwidth and transmission energy.
A Quantitative Review of Prospective Evidence Linking Psychological Factors With Hypertension Development

Objective To quantitatively review and critique evidence from prospective cohort studies (greater than 1 year follow-up) assessing associations between psychological factors (eg, anxiety, anger, depression) and hypertension development. Methods Keyword searches through the MEDLINE and Psychlit (1970 to present) databases produced in excess of 500 studies, of which only 10 met criteria as a prospective cohort design with a follow-up interval exceeding 1 year. Five additional longitudinal studies were found by tracing references from the above papers. Results The sample-weighted aggregate effect sizes for hypertension risk were small for continuously measured psychological factors (r = .08), and effect sizes were similar for separate categories of psychological variables (r values = .07–.09). Effect sizes were not associated with reported methodological or sample characteristics, including sample size, racial and sex composition, study duration, or age. Conclusions Overall, there is moderate support for psychological factors as predictors of hypertension development, with the strongest support for anger, anxiety, and depression variables. Pooled effects for these factors are of sufficient magnitude to suggest potential clinical as well as statistical relevance. Findings regarding potential mechanisms are scarce and the psychometric properties of the scales used to measure psychological variables are often unestablished. Indications for future research are discussed.
A Development Conceptual Model of Sponsorship in Professional Boxing Competition

The purposes of this research were determined the opinion of sponsor, organizer, spectator satisfaction, comparative sponsor and organizer opinion and developmental conceptual model of sponsorship in professional boxing competition. The research was conducted by mixed method approach. The quantitative research approach was initially collect survey 300 spectators by questionnaire. The questionnaire base on 3 session totally 35 item and were used to test the study objectives with Cronbach Alpha and validity was . 89 and . 85 with the questionnaire. The Qualitative research approach was in-depth interview from key performance 10 professional boxing sponsors, 3 professional boxing organizers that were select by purposive random sampling. The statistics to analysis were descriptive for standard deviation and inferential statistic relevant with variable. The results of this research were mention to opinions of sponsors and organizers were in the same direction to develop issue involved and the better under the restriction of competition. The opinions of the spectator at all levels were satisfied in the current competition and there were organized and sponsor a variety of sports. And activities increase for pre-match, during-math and after-match added entertainment to complete the match up. The proposed Model of sponsorship in professional boxing competition shown feedback opinion from spectator to boxing event, benefit, sponsorship to attitude toward sponsorship, sponsor and promoter.
Defibrillation Thresholds Are Lower with Smaller Storage Capacitors

LEONELLI, F.M. , et al.: Defibrillation Thresholds Are Lower with Smaller Storage Capacitors. Present implantable cardioverter defibrillators use a wide range of capacitance values for the storage capacitor. However, the optimal capacitance value is unknown. We hypothesized that a smaller capacitor, by delivering its charge in a time closer to the heart chronaxie, should lower the defibrillation threshold (DFT). We compared the energy required to defibrillate 10 open‐chest dogs, after 15 seconds of ventricular fibrillation, with a monophasic, time‐truncated waveform delivered from either a 85‐µF or a 140‐µF capacitor. Shocks were delivered through a pair of 14‐cm2 epicardial patch electrodes. The two capacitors were randomly tested twice with each dog using a modified 3‐reversal method for each DFT determination. The average stored and delivered DFT energies for the 85‐µF capacitor were 6.0 ± 1.7 joules and 5.2 ± 1.5 joules, respectively, compared to 6.7 ± 1.7 joules and 6.0 ± 1.5 joules for the 140‐µF capacitor (P = 0.01 and P = 0.004, respectively). The mean leading edge voltages were higher, the pulse duration shorter, and the mean impedance lower for the 85‐µF capacitor. The impedance was inversely related to the pulse duration and the voltage decay suggesting that, at least in part, the mechanism of improved defibrillation could be accounted for by the waveform electrical characteristics. There was an equal number of episodes of postshock bradyarrhythmias and tachyarrhythmias following discharges from each capacitor. Moreover, there was no relationship between the likelihood of these arrhythmias and either the initial voltage or the delivered current nor there was a higher number of episodes of postshock hypotension following the smaller capacitor discharges. The value of the storage capacitor significantly affects the DFT by delivering a waveform with inherently superior defibrillation characteristics, which despite its higher initial voltage and current, does not show evidence of electrically mediated myocardial depression.
Chief Economist Workshop April 2005: Exchange Rate Regimes and Capital Flows

The second annual Chief Economist Workshop, organized by the Bank of England's Centre for Central Banking Studies (CCBS), brought together economists from more than 30 central banks. It was part of CCBS's program of events to provide a forum for central bankers and academics to exchange views on central bank policies and to share specialist technical knowledge. The topic for this meeting was exchange rate regimes and capital flows, with a special emphasis on the choice of an appropriate exchange rate regime within the domestic monetary, fiscal and financial framework.
Vitamin D status has a linear association with seasonal infections and lung function in British adults

Higher vitamin D concentrations have been proposed as a protective ‘seasonal stimulus’ against influenza, and there are suggestions for associations with other aspects of respiratory health. The aim of the present study was to investigate the relationship of current vitamin D status (measured by 25-hydroxyvitamin D, 25(OH)D) with respiratory infections and lung function. We used cross-sectional data from 6789 participants in the nationwide 1958 British birth cohort who had measurements of 25(OH)D, lung function (forced expiratory volume in 1 s (FEV1) and forced vital capacity (FVC)) and respiratory infections available from the age of 45 years. In this population, the prevalence of respiratory infections had a strong seasonal pattern in the opposite direction to the pattern for 25(OH)D concentrations. Each 10 nmol/l increase in 25(OH)D was associated with a 7 % lower risk of infection (95 % CI 3, 11 %) after adjustment for adiposity, lifestyle and socio-economic factors. For FEV1 and FVC, each 10 nmol/l increase in 25(OH)D was associated with 8 (95 % CI 3, 13) ml and 13 (95 % CI 7, 20) ml higher volume, respectively, after controlling for covariates. Associations of 25(OH)D with FEV1 and FVC were only slightly attenuated after further adjustment for infection and other respiratory illness. In conclusion, vitamin D status had a linear relationship with respiratory infections and lung function. Randomised controlled trials are warranted to investigate the role of vitamin D supplementation on respiratory health and to establish the underlying mechanisms.
Diurnal Curve after Phacoemulsification in Patients with Pseudoexfoliation Syndrome and Cataract

Purpose: To evaluate the effect of phacoemulsification on the diurnal curve in patients with pseudoexfoliation syndrome. Method: 2052 patients aged 40 years and older attending our OPD services were screened, of whom 62 patients with pseudoexfoliation and associated significant cataract were selected for the study. All underwent a detailed examination including slit lamp examination, IOP, gonioscopy, and fundus examination. Diurnal variation of intraocular pressure was done at baseline and two and four weeks after phacoemulsification with IOL implantation. The IOP differences after surgery were compared and analyzed. Results: All 62 patients underwent successful phacoemulsification with IOL implantation. Anterior chamber IOL was implanted in 2 of the 6 cases with vitreous loss. The peak IOP of the diurnal curve reduced from 26 ± 3.2 mmHg pre surgery to 19 ± 1.2 mmHg, p < 0.01, while the mean baseline IOP reduced from 22 ± 5.3 mmHg to 15 ± 2.1 mmHg at 2 months after cataract extraction, p = 0.02. The IOP fluctuations (max-min IOP difference) in the diurnal curve also flattened significantly post-surgery in eyes with both open and occludable angles, p < 0.01, with the maximum difference observed during the later part of the day in both groups. Conclusions: Early cataract extraction with IOL can smooth out intraocular pressure fluctuations in patients with pseudoexfoliation and associated cataract with open or narrow angles.
Escherichia coli DnaA forms helical structures along the longitudinal cell axis distinct from MreB filaments

DnaA initiates chromosomal replication in Escherichia coli at a well‐regulated time in the cell cycle. To determine how the spatial distribution of DnaA is related to the location of chromosomal replication and other cell cycle events, the localization of DnaA in living cells was visualized by confocal fluorescence microscopy. The gfp gene was randomly inserted into a dnaA‐bearing plasmid via in vitro transposition to create a library that included internally GFP‐tagged DnaA proteins. The library was screened for the ability to rescue dnaAts mutants, and a candidate gfp–dnaA was used to replace the dnaA gene of wild‐type cells. The resulting cells produce close to physiological levels of GFP–DnaA from the endogenous promoter as their only source of DnaA and somewhat under‐initiate replication with moderate asynchrony. Visualization of GFP‐tagged DnaA in living cells revealed that DnaA adopts a helical pattern that spirals along the long axis of the cell, a pattern also seen in wild‐type cells by immunofluorescence with affinity purified anti‐DnaA antibody. Although the DnaA helices closely resemble the helices of the actin analogue MreB, co‐visualization of GFP‐tagged DnaA and RFP‐tagged MreB demonstrates that DnaA and MreB adopt discrete helical structures along the length of the longitudinal cell axis.
Design of Dynamic Synapse Circuits with VLSI Design Approach

Dynamic properties of neural networks using dynamic neuron can be implemented with the analog dynamic synapse. The proposed circuit has few CMOS transistors but imitates well the dynamic properties of depressing synapses. Dynamical synapse increases the computational power of the neuronal network. An approach towards design of depressing synapse is presented in this paper towards achieving excitatory and inhibitory postsynaptic potential. This is achieved just by means of adjusting control voltages. In this paper a model of a depressing synapse circuit is presented. This synapse can be classified into excitatory and inhibitory synapse depending upon the charging and discharging of the membrane potential of the postsynaptic neuron. The addition of dynamic synapses to neural networks increases the computational power of such networks, especially in processing time-varying inputs. The network can be used in active pattern recognition based on extracted information about the firing frequency from input information.
Impact of APOE in mild cognitive impairment

Objective: The authors aimed to use baseline data of an ongoing large, prospective study in subjects with mild cognitive impairment (MCI) to investigate the impact of APOE genotype on the symptom profile of the condition. Methods: Cognitive assessments included the AD Assessment Scale cognitive subscale (ADAS-cog), the Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE), and a cognitive battery for assessment of memory, attention, and executive function. Behavioral assessments included the Neuropsychiatric Inventory and Beck Depression Inventory. Activities of daily living were assessed by the AD Cooperative Study Activities of Daily Living (ADCS-ADL) scale. Hippocampal volumes were measured with MRI. Results: A total of 494 of 1,018 study subjects provided APOE data. Approximately 40% of the subjects were APOE ε4 carriers. APOE ε4 carriers had lower MMSE (p = 0.01) and higher ADAS-cog (p < 0.0001) scores than noncarriers, indicating worse cognitive impairment. APOE ε4 carriers also had greater deficits on New York University delayed paragraph recall and Buschke free and cued selective reminding tests, and on the ADCS-ADL scale (p < 0.001). They also had smaller hippocampal volumes (p = 0.002). Behavioral scores were similar across the subgroups. Conclusion: MCI subjects carrying the APOE ε4 allele showed distinct cognitive and imaging profiles, which appeared to resemble those of early Alzheimer patients. APOE ε4 genotype was associated with greater impairments in memory and functional activities as well as hippocampal atrophy.
Effect of constant and intermittent vagal stimulation on the heart rate and heart rate variability in rabbits.

To examine whether the high-frequency (HF) component of heart rate variability (HRV) reflects fluctuation or tonic level of vagal outflow, we investigated the effects of vagal efferent nerve stimulation (VS) on the heart rate and HRV in anesthetized open-chest rabbit under artificial respiration at a rate of 52 breaths/min (0.86 Hz). A power spectral analysis was performed at baseline and during VS (stimuli at 2 ms, 1-10 V and 5-25 Hz). VS was applied using two different patterns. The first was constant VS; continuous stimulation at graded frequency or voltage to simulate changes in the level of vagal "tone. " The second pattern was intermittent VS; stimulation at 0.5 Hz of on-off cycle to simulate fluctuations in vagal efferent activity. The power spectrum at baseline showed a single narrow component at 0.86 Hz, identical to respiration rate. Both the constant and intermittent VS prolonged RR interval. The amplitude of the component at 0.86 Hz remained unaffected by either the constant or intermittent VS, whereas the latter evoked a distinct narrow component at 0.5 Hz, reflecting the on-off cycle of intermittent VS. Our results suggest that the HF component of the power spectrum of HRV measures the magnitude of fluctuations of vagal input associated with respiratory modulation.
Childhood social arena and cognitive sets in eating disorders.

OBJECTIVE While there is much evidence to suggest that women with eating disorders experience difficulties in the social domain, little has been done to establish whether such difficulties play a causal role or the extent to which these involve cognitive factors. The purpose of this report is to determine whether difficulties in certain aspects of the childhood social arena are reported as existing prior to developing an eating disorder. METHOD A sample of 43 women with a history of eating disorders and 20 women with no such history were interviewed retrospectively about their feelings and experiences of loneliness, shyness and inferiority in childhood and adolescence. RESULTS Women with a history of anorexia nervosa of the binge/purge subtype reported higher levels of loneliness, shyness and feelings of inferiority in adolescence than did women with no history of an eating disorder, and women with a history of bulimia nervosa reported higher levels of shyness. However, this was not true for earlier childhood where such feelings did not differ significantly between groups. This difference could not be accounted for by current depressive disorder, recovery from the eating disorder or level of victimization in adolescence. CONCLUSION There are a number of differences in the aetiology of subtypes of eating disorder. The present results suggest that cognitive styles pertaining to the social arena in adolescence, and prior to the onset of any eating disorders, may play a causal role in the development of anorexia nervosa of the binge/purge subtype, but not anorexia nervosa of the restricting subtype.