Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
PSLQ: An Algorithm to Discover Integer Relations

Let x = (x{sub 1}, x{sub 2} {hor_ellipsis}, x{sub n}) be a vector of real or complex numbers. x is said to possess an integer relation if there exist integers a{sub i}, not all zero, such that a{sub 1}x{sub 1} + a{sub 2}x{sub 2} + {hor_ellipsis} + a{sub n}x{sub n} = 0. By an integer relation algorithm, we mean a practical computational scheme that can recover the vector of integers ai, if it exists, or can produce bounds within which no integer relation exists. As we will see in the examples below, an integer relation algorithm can be used to recognize a computed constant in terms of a formula involving known constants, or to discover an underlying relation between quantities that can be computed to high precision. At the present time, the most effective algorithm for integer relation detection is the 'PSLQ' algorithm of mathematician-sculptor Helaman Ferguson [10, 4]. Some efficient 'multi-level' implementations of PSLQ, as well as a variant of PSLQ that is well-suited for highly parallel computer systems, are given in [4]. PSLQ constructs a sequence of integer-valued matrices B{sub n} that reduces the vector y = xB{sub n}, until either the relation is found (as one ofmore » the columns of B{sub n}), or else precision is exhausted. At the same time, PSLQ generates a steadily growing bound on the size of any possible relation. When a relation is found, the size of smallest entry of the vector y abruptly drops to roughly 'epsilon' (i.e. 10{sup -p}, where p is the number of digits of precision). The size of this drop can be viewed as a 'confidence level' that the relation is real and not merely a numerical artifact - a drop of 20 or more orders of magnitude almost always indicates a real relation. Very high precision arithmetic must be used in PSLQ. If one wishes to recover a relation of length n, with coefficients of maximum size d digits, then the input vector x must be specified to at least nd digits, and one must employ nd-digit floating-point arithmetic. Maple and Mathematica include multiple precision arithmetic facilities and Maple ships with a full implementation of PSLQ. One may also use any of several freeware multiprecision software packages, for example the ARPREC package by the first author and colleagues at LBNL [7]. In the remaining sections we describe various representative applications of PSLQ. More detail about these examples is given in [8] and the references therein. « less
Artificial Immune Algorithm for Practical Power Economic Dispatch Problems

This paper proposes an artificial immune algorithm with a multiplier updating method (AIA-MU) for practical power economic dispatch (PED) considering units with prohibited operating zones (POZ). The AIA equipped with a migration operation can efficiently search and actively explore solutions. The multiplier updating (MU) is introduced to handle the system constraints. To show the advantages of the proposed algorithm, two examples are investigated, and the computational results of the proposed method are compared with that of the previous methods. The proposed approach integrates the AIA and the MU, revealing that the proposed approach has the following merits - ease of implementation; applicability to non-convex fuel cost functions of the POZ; better effectiveness than previous methods, and the requirement for only a small population in applying the optimal PED problem of generators with POZ.
Randomized metric induction and evolutionary conceptual clustering for semantic knowledge bases

We present an evolutionary clustering method which can be applied to multi-relational knowledge bases storing semantic resource annotations expressed in the standard languages for the Semantic Web. The method exploits an effective and language-independent semi-distance measure defined for the space of individual resources, that is based on a finite number of dimensions corresponding to a committee of features represented by a group of concept descriptions (discriminating features). We show how to obtain a maximally discriminating group of features through a feature construction method based on genetic programming. The algorithm represents the possible clusterings as strings of central elements (medoids, w.r.t. the given metric) of variable length. Hence, the number of clusters is not needed as a parameter since the method can optimize it by means of the mutation operators and of a proper fitness function. We also show how to assign each cluster with a newly constructed intensional definition in the employed concept language. An experimentation with some ontologies proves the feasibility of our method and its effectiveness in terms of clustering validity indices.
POLICY, SCIENCE AND SOCIETY INTERACTION

Irrigated agriculture is undergoing rapid change and is facing issues related to climate change, population growth, consumption patterns, competition for resources and cost of development. The challenge is whether water availability for irrigation along with rainfed production will be sufficient to meet growing food demand and improve global food security. Traditionally governments have been responsible for developments in the irrigation sector through planning, design and construction of projects. Trends toward decentralization, fiscal crisis and growth of the private sector have led government to divest some of its role to user organizations and the private sector. This has been known as the participatory approach to irrigation management and has been adopted widely by many countries with a range of institutional arrangements. Many irrigation and drainage schemes worldwide perform below their capacity. To modernize and improve this capacity will require innovation and technical advancement, but in addition issues of policy, governance, management and institution must be addressed. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The stellar content of low redshift radio galaxies from near-infrared spectroscopy

Context. We present medium spectral resolution near-infrared (NIR) HK-band spectra for eight low redshift (z 2.29 μm) in the K-band, were measured. The strength of absorption lines depends on the luminosity and/or temperature of stars and, therefore, spectral indices can be used to trace the stellar population of galaxies. To characterize the age of the populations, the measured EWs of the absorption features were fitted with the corresponding theoretical evolutionary curves of the EWs calculated by the stellar synthesis model. Results. On average, EW(CO 2.29) of radio galaxies is somewhat greater than that of inactive ellipticals. Most likely, EW(CO 2.29) is not significantly affected by dilution, thus indicating that elliptical galaxies containing AGN are in a different stage in their evolution than inactive ellipticals. This is also supported by comparing other NIR absorption line features, such as CaI and NaI, with each other. Based on the theoretical evolutionary curves of EWs, absorption features are consistent with the intermediate age stellar population, suggesting that host galaxies contain both old and intermediate age components. An intermediate age population is also consistent with previous optical spectroscopy studies, which have shown evidence of an intermediate age (∼2 Gyr) stellar population in radio galaxies, and also in some of the early-type galaxies. Conclusions. An intermediate stellar population component indicates that radio galaxies have experienced a star formation epoch relatively recently. The existence of an intermediate stellar population is a link between the star formation episode, possibly induced by an interaction or merging event, and triggering of nuclear activity.
Turning the tide of the data deluge

The problems faced by the science and engineering communities fundamentally go beyond "do I need a database? " or "do I need a faster database? " questions. We believe some fundamental changes are needed in the way we think about the relationships between computation and data. In this paper, we provide a detailed discussion of the motivations behind our suggested changes and introduce our thoughts on some new directions for the radical transformations that are needed. We present the rationale for our position and discuss our preliminary work in the new directions that we outline.
The Design of a Control System for an Unmanned Surface Vehicle

There is an increasing interest in unmanned surface vehicles as a tool for reconnaissance or other littoral mis- sions. In order to achieve tasks independently and intelligently, an automatic control system is required. Learning from other unmanned vehicles, a control system which is feasible and reliable has been designed by us. An unmanned surface vehicle equipped with this control system has conducted a lake test, and the satisfactory test results show the fine ability of data processing and autonomous navigation.
An analytical solution for the inverse kinematics of a redundant 7DoF Manipulator with link offsets

This work addresses the inverse kinematics problem for the 7 Degrees of Freedom Barrett Whole Arm Manipulator with link offsets. The presence of link offsets gives rise to the possibility of the in-elbow & out-elbow poses for a given end-effector pose and is discussed in the paper. A parametric solution for all possible geometric poses is generated for a desired end-effector pose (position and orientation). The set of possible geometric poses are completely defined by three circles in the Cartesian space. A method of computing the joint-variables for any geometric pose is presented. An analytical method of identifying a set of feasible poses for some joint-angle constraints is also addressed.
A Comparison of Election News Coverage in Sweden and the United States

This study compares the news coverage of election campaigns in three Swedish newspapers at the time of the 2002 national election and three U.S. newspapers at the time of the 2004 presidential election. The results from the content analysis show that the metaframe of politics as a strategic game was more common in the U.S. newspapers, while the metaframe of politics as issues was more common in the Swedish newspapers. U.S. articles were also more likely to use the horse-race and political strategy frames. While U.S. coverage was predominantly descriptive in focus, an interpretive journalistic style was more often dominant in the Swedish articles. The results also show that the U.S. news stories were triggered by the words and actions of the campaigns more often than the Swedish news stories.
A speed adjustable scheme based selective encryption control model for large-scale multimedia sensing system under resources constraints

Video and audio streams in large-scale multimedia sensing system are high-volume, while computation and power resources are very scarce, which restricts the usage of complex data security process on multimedia data. Therefore, the confidentiality of video data under resources constraints is studied in this paper. Firstly, the trend of resources constraints is discussed, and an analysis model for multimedia data encryption optimization is proposed. Secondly, a general-purpose lightweight speed adjustable video encryption scheme is given. Thirdly, a series of selective encryption control models and their solution algorithms are proposed. Experimental analyses show the performances of the presented schemes are effective enough to support real-time multimedia sensing applications.
Automatic tongue feature extraction

Tongue diagnosis is crucial to the inspection diagnosis in Chinese Medicine. Clinically, doctors mostly rely on their own knowledge and experience when determining major lesions of a patient by observing the coloration, overall modalities, and volume of sputum of different parts of the tongue. The subjective determination is likely to be affected by the doctor's color sensitivity and interpretation. Therefore, it is important to develop scientific methods that can help doctors diagnose based on standardized differentiation procedures and render reliable diagnoses in order to enhance the clinical application value of Chinese Medicine. The computerized automatic capture of characteristics shown on the images of the surface comprises breakup of the tongue image and capture of the tongue characteristics.
Running head: ABSTRACT CAUSAL KNOWLEDGE The acquisition and use of abstract causal knowledge

Real-world causal learning is often supported by causal schemata, or systems of abstract causal knowledge. We present a hierarchical Bayesian framework that helps to explain how these schemata are acquired and how they guide inferences about the causal powers of new, sparsely observed objects. Given a set of objects and observations of causal events involving some of these objects, our framework simultaneously discovers the causal type of each object, the causal powers of these types, the characteristic features of these types, and the characteristic interactions between these types. Four experiments show that our model helps to explain how humans learn and apply abstract causal knowledge, and that it predicts inferences about novel objects more accurately than alternative accounts of causal learning.
Spatial framework for assessing evidence needs for operational ecosystem approaches

Acknowledgements The authors would like to acknowledge the assistance provided by the members of the JNCC steering group over the course of this project. The authors would also like to thank the following organisations for the provision of data: Executive Summary The ecosystem services approach is a key element of planning for sustainable development. This report outlines the results of a study undertaken for the Joint Nature Conservation Committee (JNCC) to develop the use of spatially-based biodiversity data for the delivery of work on ecosystem services. The project demonstrates the process and outcomes of taking a pragmatic approach to assessment of ecosystem services, with emphasis placed on utilising the large body of data already available to inform policy decisions at national, regional and local levels. Using these datasets, an ecosystem service 'spatial framework' has been developed to assist users and demonstrate what is currently possible when it comes to mapping and modelling of ecosystem services. This project takes the UK NEA descriptions of environmental goods and services and further analyses these in terms of current data and knowledge about each service, for each ecosystem. This project extends and expands on the work of the UKNEA and the Welsh NEF, considering how the knowledge and understanding within the NEF can best be mapped using existing datasets, so that policy makers and others can begin to appreciate the spatial extent of the ecosystem services presented. The resulting framework sets out the data and information about the relevant habitat that will be important in helping to quantify and map its role in ecosystem service mapping. Behind the rationale of the work is the basic premise that every parcel of land affects the delivery of many ecosystem services in some way, even if this contribution is only small (or has a negative effect on that service). The framework shows how to link the physical and biological characteristics of habitats and the major ecosystem services that they provide. Using case study areas from around the UK, the framework approach was tested using selected terrestrial and marine habitats, firstly to establish the validity of the approach and then to ensure that it was applicable for a range of habitats in different biogeographical zones and in areas with differing data availability. These case study areas were chosen with 'transferability' in mind, so that the habitats and services studied produced results which are widely applicable geographically. The project …
The Response to Heat Shock and Oxidative Stress in Saccharomyces cerevisiae

A common need for microbial cells is the ability to respond to potentially toxic environmental insults. Here we review the progress in understanding the response of the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae to two important environmental stresses: heat shock and oxidative stress. Both of these stresses are fundamental challenges that microbes of all types will experience. The study of these environmental stress responses in S. cerevisiae has illuminated many of the features now viewed as central to our understanding of eukaryotic cell biology. Transcriptional activation plays an important role in driving the multifaceted reaction to elevated temperature and levels of reactive oxygen species. Advances provided by the development of whole genome analyses have led to an appreciation of the global reorganization of gene expression and its integration between different stress regimens. While the precise nature of the signal eliciting the heat shock response remains elusive, recent progress in the understanding of induction of the oxidative stress response is summarized here. Although these stress conditions represent ancient challenges to S. cerevisiae and other microbes, much remains to be learned about the mechanisms dedicated to dealing with these environmental parameters.
Synergy between NMR measurements and MD simulations of protein/RNA complexes: application to the RRMs, the most common RNA recognition motifs

RNA recognition motif (RRM) proteins represent an abundant class of proteins playing key roles in RNA biology. We present a joint atomistic molecular dynamics (MD) and experimental study of two RRM-containing proteins bound with their single-stranded target RNAs, namely the Fox-1 and SRSF1 complexes. The simulations are used in conjunction with NMR spectroscopy to interpret and expand the available structural data. We accumulate more than 50 μs of simulations and show that the MD method is robust enough to reliably describe the structural dynamics of the RRM–RNA complexes. The simulations predict unanticipated specific participation of Arg142 at the protein–RNA interface of the SRFS1 complex, which is subsequently confirmed by NMR and ITC measurements. Several segments of the protein–RNA interface may involve competition between dynamical local substates rather than firmly formed interactions, which is indirectly consistent with the primary NMR data. We demonstrate that the simulations can be used to interpret the NMR atomistic models and can provide qualified predictions. Finally, we propose a protocol for ‘MD-adapted structure ensemble’ as a way to integrate the simulation predictions and expand upon the deposited NMR structures. Unbiased μs-scale atomistic MD could become a technique routinely complementing the NMR measurements of protein–RNA complexes.
Recent Developments in Molecular Dynamics Simulations of Fluorescent Membrane Probes

Due to their sensitivity and versatility, the use of fluorescence techniques in membrane biophysics is widespread. Because membrane lipids are non-fluorescent, extrinsic membrane probes are widely used. However, the behaviour of these probes when inserted in the bilayer is often poorly understood, and it can be hard to distinguish between legitimate membrane properties and perturbation resulting from probe incorporation. Atomistic molecular dynamics simulations present a convenient way to address these issues and have been increasingly used in recent years in this context. This article reviews the application of molecular dynamics to the study of fluorescent membrane probes, focusing on recent work with complex design fluorophores and ordered bilayer systems.
A TAXONOMIC SCHEME FOR PROPOSITIONAL ANALYSIS

Propositions are the concept maps’ building blocks. Despite prepared to answer the same focal question, different authors can produce highly unique concept maps (Cmaps). We propose a taxonomic scheme for classifying propositions into 6 categories to explore in depth the latent information we can obtain comparing a set of Cmaps. We analyzed 55 Cmaps and the results were obtained by using descriptive statistics and hierarchical cluster analysis (multivariate exploratory approach). We characterized 6 clusters containing Cmaps with distinguishable features, which helped to assess the students’ understanding about the relationships among science, technology, and society (STS). Cmaps rich in dynamic causative propositions indicated a sophisticated understanding about the STS relationship.
The anti-miR21 antagomir, a therapeutic tool for colorectal cancer, has a potential synergistic effect by perturbing an angiogenesis-associated miR30

Colon cancer has the third highest incidence and mortality among cancers in the United States. MicroRNA-21 (miR21) has been described as an oncomir that is highly overexpressed in tumor tissue from colorectal cancer. Recent studies showed that silencing of miR21 through use of a miR21 inhibitor (anti-miR21) affected viability, apoptosis and the cell cycle in colon cancer cells. We identified an anti-miR21 that targets miR21 to inhibit genes by both post-transcriptional gene silencing and transcriptional gene silencing in the cytoplasm and nucleus, respectively. Overexpression of anti-miR21 in colon cancer cells caused changes in miRNA expression levels. We found that treatment with anti-miR21 down-regulated expression of miR30, which is involved in angiogenesis. In an in vitro angiogenesis assay, network formation induced by an angiogenesis activator was reduced upon treatment with anti-miR21. Sequence analysis of anti-miR21 and pri-miR30 revealed homology between anti-miR21 and the 3′ end of pri-miR30, suggesting that anti-miR21 may bind to pri-miR30 and block processing of the miRNA processing. These results suggest anti-miR21 has a role not only in tumor growth but also in angiogenesis. Therefore, treatment with the anti-miR21 antagomir may have a synergistic effect mediated through suppression of miR30.
Recent Star Formation in Nearby Galaxies from Galaxy Evolution Explorer Imaging: M101 and M51

The Galaxy Evolution Explorer (GALEX) Nearby Galaxies Survey is providing deep far-UV and near-UV imaging for a representative sample of galaxies in the local universe. We present early results for M51 and M101, from GALEX UV imaging and Sloan Digital Sky Survey optical data in five bands. The multiband photometry of compact stellar complexes in M101 is compared to population synthesis models, to derive ages, reddening, reddening-corrected luminosities, and current/initial masses. The GALEX UV photometry provides a complete census of young compact complexes on a ≈160 pc scale. A galactocentric gradient of the far-UV/near-UV color indicates younger stellar populations toward the outer parts of the galaxy disks, the effect being more pronounced in M101 than in M51.
Who's intelligent? Wheelchair, driver or both?

Intelligent wheelchair control has been a topic for many research projects in recent years, but few developments have been successfully transferred from the research to service or commercial domains. This paper addresses some of the reasons for the failure of technology transfer, and offers suggestions for more successful exploitation of research effort in the future. The paper illustrates the key issues through the author's experience in participating in several research projects, funded by the European Union, charities and UK government agencies, and in bringing the CALL Centre Smart Wheelchair to the market.