Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
How are automatic processes elicited by intended actions?

Although unintentionality is one of the key elements common to most traditional definitions of automaticity (e.g., Posner and Snyder, 1975; Shiffrin and Schneider, 1977; Hasher and Zacks, 1979; Jacoby et al., 1993; Tzelgov, 1997; Moors and De Houwer, 2006), more recent approaches pointed out that many automatic processes are affected and even elicited by intended processes (e.g., Bargh, 1994; Hommel, 2000; Tzelgov and Ganor-Stern, 2005; Yamaguchi and Proctor, 2012). However, there was no attempt to provide a systematic analysis of the different ways in which intended processes activate automatic ones. The present paper aims to fill this gap. We view automatic processes as a product of interplay between information in long-term memory, reflecting life-long experience, and information in working memory, reflecting the requirement of the current situation. Such requirements are translated into task sets (Monsell et al., 2001), which activate the intended processes directly but may also activate some unintended processes indirectly. This activation of an unintended process (AUP) is a product of the overlap existing between the parameters of the intended process and those of unintended processes that are often highly practiced (Kornblum et al., 1990; Hommel, 2000). Automatic processes can be triggered by AUP, and in some cases they will not start without it. Automatic processes differ in their dependence on AUP. Some automatic processes need very little AUP to occur, while for others, stronger AUP is needed (e.g., Bargh, 1989, 1992). Furthermore, AUP may not only trigger the occurrence of a process, but may also enhance its behavioral manifestation. For example, when the interference paradigm is used, the behavioral manifestation of the automatic processing, which is the interference effect, will be larger in conditions of strong vs. weak AUP. We expand on the original taxonomy of dimensional overlap developed by Kornblum et al. (1990) and propose a classification of five levels of AUP, by which automatic processes are activated by intended ones. Furthermore, we demonstrate their effects using empirical findings of well-known indicators of automaticity. Note that a single task can provide AUP at multiple levels.
CAPTCHA s and Information Hiding

The goal of steganography is to hide information from humans that is accessible to machines. The so-called CAPTCHAs have the opposite goal: hide information from machines that is accessible to humans. This viewpoint suggests non-traditional applications, including instructions, for example online or in a battlefield, that a software agent will not be able to decode and may not even notice, but that a human or agent directly under human control will discover. Current proposals for CAPTCHAs suffer from the increasing ability of machines to discover the hidden information. The response of increasing the complexity of the CAPTCHAs makes them harder for humans to decode, negating their usefulness. This article presents three new approaches to the design of CAPTCHAs that may enlarge the gap between machine and human abilities.
Partition functions of torsion >1 dyons in heterotic string theory on T 6

The original proposal of Dijkgraaf, Verlinde and Verlinde for the quarter BPS dyon partition function in heterotic string theory on T 6 is known to correctly produce the degeneracy of dyons of torsion 1, i.e. dyons for which gcd(Q Λ P)=1. We propose a generalization of this formula for dyons of arbitrary torsion. Our proposal satisfies the constraints coming from S-duality invariance, wall crossing formula, black hole entropy and the gauge theory limit. Furthermore using our proposal we derive a general wall crossing formula that is valid even when both the decay products are non-primitive half-BPS dyons.
L'université régionale : Problèmes d'élaboration d'un cadre organisationnel

Cet article retrace certains des facteurs qui ont conduit a inscrire le regionalisme parmi les principales preoccupations des etablissements d'enseignement superieur : l'element europeen, l'effort de developpement economique regional, la decentralisation, et l'acces, la participation et l'equite en matiere d'enseignement. Les differentes caracteristiques des regions et sous-regions et leurs consequences pour les etablissements d'enseignement superieur y sont examinees, ainsi que les questions strategiques qui se posent aux etablissements entreprenant une mission a caractere regional. Plusieurs categories de relations entre etablissements coexistant dans une meme region sont etudiees : le modele de concurrence manifeste, le modele fonde sur la reglementation, le modele de collaboration et le modele d'integration verticale. Enfin, cinq dimensions de l'interaction institutionnelle sont analysees : la coordination politique, la coordination operationnelle, la coordination professionnelle, la coordination du marche et la convergence culturelle.
Tissue Simulator: A Graphical Tool for Tissue P Systems

Recently, different new models of tissue-like P systems have received important attention from the scientific community. This paper is focused in a concrete model: recognizing tissue P system with cell division. A software application allowing to understand better this model is presented. A linear-time solution to anNP-complete problem from graph theory, the 3–coloring problem is considered as a case study with this tool.
Error estimates for anisotropic finite elements and applications

The finite element method is one of the most frequently used techniques to approximate the solution of partial differential equations. It consists in approximating the unknown solution by functions which are polynomials on each element of a given partition of the domain, made of triangles or quadrilaterals (or their generalizations to higher dimensions). A fundamental problem is to estimate the error between the exact solution u and its computable finite element approximation. In many situations this error can be bounded in terms of the best approximation of u by functions in the finite element space of piecewise polynomial functions. A natural way to estimate this best approximation is by means of the Lagrange interpolation or other similar procedures. Many works have considered the problem of interpolation error estimates. The classical error analysis for interpolations is based on the so-called regularity assumption, which excludes elements with different sizes in each direction (called anisotropic). The goal of this paper is to present a different approach which has been developed by many authors and can be applied to obtain error estimates for several interpolations under more general hypotheses. An important case in which anisotropic elements arise naturally is in the approximation of convection-diffusion problems which present boundary layers. We present some applications to these problems. Finally we consider the finite element approximation of the Stokes equations and present some results for non-conforming methods.
Interviewer Characteristics, their Doorstep Behaviour, and Survey Co-operation

This paper examines the role of interviewers’ experience, attitudes, personality traits and inter-personal skills in determining survey co-operation. We take the perspective that these characteristics influence interviewers’ behaviour and hence influence the doorstep interaction between interviewer and sample member. Previous studies of the association between doorstep behaviour and co-operation have not directly addressed the role of personality traits and inter-personal skills and have been based on small samples of interviewers, making it difficult to identify interviewer-level effects. We use a large sample of 845 face-to-face interviewers working for a major survey institute and analyse co-operation outcomes for over 100,000 cases contacted over a 13-month period. We examine to what extent previous studies’ findings of an association between interviewer experience and co-operation propensity, and between interviewer socio-demographic characteristics and co-operation propensity, are explained by differences in personality traits and inter-personal skills. We also seek to identify whether variation in traits and skills contribute to variation in co-operation rates after controlling for other interviewer characteristics.
Connecting Knowledge of Rule-breaking and Perceived Red Tape: How Behavioral Attribution Influences Red Tape Perceptions

ABSTRACT Since the 1990s, governmental strategies for enhancing organizational performance have sought to reduce the amount of red tape public employees face. These strategies assume that employees’ perceptions of rules as red tape stem solely from the actual content of rules, but a sizable body of public management research has revealed the psychological processes through which red tape perceptions develop. This article builds on psychological process models of perceived red tape by applying attribution theory to explore how an organization’s social context influences red tape perceptions. Findings illustrate that individuals will judge a rule to be red tape based on information conveyed second-hand regarding the rule-breaking behavior of others.
Talking sense: The behavioural and neural correlates of sound symbolism

This review covers experimental approaches to sound symbolism — from infants to adults, and from Sapir's foundational studies to 21st century product naming. It synthesises recent behavioural, developmental, and neuroimaging work into a systematic overview of the cross-modal correspondences that underpin iconic links between form and meaning. It also identifies open questions and opportunities, showing how the future course of experimental iconicity research can benefit from an integrated interdisciplinary perspective. Combining insights from psychology and neuroscience with evidence from natural languages provides us with opportunities for the experimental investigation of the role of sound symbolism in language learning, language processing, and communication. The review finishes by describing how hypothesis-testing and model-building will help contribute to a cumulative science of sound symbolism in human language.
A Multimodal Analysis of Image-text Relations in Picture Books

Image-text relations are expounded based on Systemic Functional Multimodal Analysis framework in this article. A though analysis of the logical relations between the visual and verbal elements in picture books is also given in terms of elaboration, extension, enhancement and projection. Furthermore, Divergence, a fundamental type of image-text relation in picture books, is thoroughly investigated. Generic framework of picture book is proposed for the exploration of image-text relations.
Arginine Vasopressin in Advanced Vasodilatory Shock: A Prospective, Randomized, Controlled Study

Background—Vasodilatory shock is a potentially lethal complication of severe disease in critically ill patients. Currently, catecholamines are the most widely used vasopressor agents to support blood pressure, but loss of catecholamine pressor effects is a well-known clinical dilemma. Arginine vasopressin (AVP) has recently been shown to be a potent vasopressor agent to stabilize cardiocirculatory function even in patients with catecholamine-resistant vasodilatory shock. Methods and Results—Forty-eight patients with catecholamine-resistant vasodilatory shock were prospectively randomized to receive a combined infusion of AVP and norepinephrine (NE) or NE infusion alone. In AVP patients, AVP was infused at a constant rate of 4 U/h. Hemodynamic, acid/base, single-organ, and tonometrically derived gastric variables were reported before the study and 1, 12, 24, and 48 hours after study entry. For statistical analysis, a mixed-effects model was used. AVP patients had significantly lower heart rate, NE requirements, and incidence of new-onset tachyarrhythmias than NE patients. Mean arterial pressure, cardiac index, stroke volume index, and left ventricular stroke work index were significantly higher in AVP patients. NE patients developed significantly more new-onset tachyarrhythmias than AVP patients (54.3% versus 8.3%). Gastrointestinal perfusion as assessed by gastric tonometry was better preserved in AVP-treated patients. Total bilirubin concentrations were significantly higher in AVP patients. Conclusions—The combined infusion of AVP and NE proved to be superior to infusion of NE alone in the treatment of cardiocirculatory failure in catecholamine-resistant vasodilatory shock.
Simulation of fuzzy control strategy for parallel hybrid electric vehicle

Control for the HEV propulsion system based on dynamic processes is proposed. Parameters of the controller are optimized in order to optimize the dynamic characteristics. For the purpose of solving the problem that the energy consumption will increase while the dynamic characteristics are optimized, fuzzy control is put forward for the HEV. The dynamic characteristic is than improved, and the output required from the engine and motor will not go beyond their ability, which allows the optimized target of the control strategy to be implemented.
Lightweight scalable components

One limitation of the well-known family polymorphism approach is that each "family" will be a large monolithic program. In this paper, we introduce a minimal lightweight set of language features that treat each member of a family as a reusable programming unit, while preserving the important feature of scalability. The only one language construct we propose in this paper is type parameter members, which allows type parameters to be referred from the outside of class declarations. To investigate properties of type parameter members in the real programming language settings, we develop a programming language Scalable Java (SJ), an extension of Java generics with type parameter members. To carefully investigate the type soundness of SJ, we develop FGJ#, a core calculus of this extension based on FGJ, a functional core of Java with generics. Furthermore, to explore how to implement this proposal, we define the erasure of FGJ# programs as an extension of the erasure of FGJ programs, which compiles SJ to Java without generics.
Beard transplants and facial hair trends: why men are motivated to have surgery

Over the past few years, an increasing number of men have received surgery to enhance or restore facial hair. This came at a time when beards re-entered mainstream fashion. Drawing on the research literature, this article explores the apparent link between facial hair fashion and rates of beard transplants, and considers deeper-seated psychological explanations for the trend, including perceptions of masculinity, social dominance, age and attractiveness. The question of whether beard transplants will continue to proliferate is also explored.
The intra- and inter-rater reliabilities of lower extremity muscle strength assessment of healthy adults using a hand held dynamometer

[Purpose] The purpose of this study was to examine the intra- and inter-rater reliabilities of lower extremity muscle strength assessment of healthy adults using hand held dynamometer. [Subjects and Methods] A total of 55 students (19 males and 36 females) in Y University in Gyeongsangnam-do, South Korea participated in this study. Lower extremity muscle strength was measured using a hand-held dynamometer (Commander Muscle Tester, JTech, USA). Flexion and extension strengths of the hip joint, the knee joint, and the ankle joint were measured. [Results] The intra-rater reliabilities were excellent (above 0.9) for the flexion and extension strengths of the ankle, knee, and hip joints. The inter-rater reliabilities were also excellent (above 0.8) for the flexion and extension strengths of the ankle, knee, and hip joint. [Conclusion] Lower extremity muscle strength assessment using a hand-held dynamometer provided consistent results when conducted by different examiners and when measured several times. Therefore, this method is a useful way of deriving objective and quantitative measurement values.
Participatory design of livestock systems adapted to new climatic conditions.

Climate change progressively makes obsolete the current agricultural production strategies built with respect to previous landmarks of average and extreme climatic situations. In order to remain viable in the expected climatic context farming systems will need to evolve both in their structure and management. Because farmers and extension services are the primary actors in agricultural production they have to be involved in the process of designing adequate renewed systems. However, the complexity of most design approaches produced by research (e.g. based on computer models) prevents them from deep involvement in such design projects. This paper presents a game-based design approach developed to foster the involvement of farmers and extension services in the design and evaluation of livestock systems. The game, called “forage rummy”, relies on a number of “boundary objects” that put relevant pieces of scientific knowledge in a more understandable and tractable form for the design task. These are a player-friendly game board in which sticks representing year-round forage production and animal feeding requirements have to be assembled. Playing the game consists in iterating tentative configurations of a livestock herd (production goal, size), the grassland resources (types of grass and associated area and usage), and feeding diet along a 12 month cycle in a given economic and climatic scenarios. The generation and evaluation of each configuration are done collectively in a participatory workshop and exploit a simple balance model. A diversity of use is permitted by this game depending on the matter being discussed. The paper describes its use in the design of dairy systems adapted to climate variability and change expected by 2050. From our experience with the forage rummy, we synthesise lessons about key factors enhancing participation, focus and depth of discussion, and learning about the relevance of potential farming systems adaptations.
BSP-WHY: an intermediate language for deductive verification of BSP programs

We present BSP-Why, a tool for verifying BSP programs. It is intended to be used as an intermediate core-language for verification tools (mainly condition generators) of BSP extensions of realistic programming languages such as C, JAVA, etc. BSP-Why is based on a sequential simulation of the BSP programs which allows to generate pure sequential codes for the back-end condition generator Why and thus benefit of its large range of existing provers - proof assistants or automatic decision procedures. In this manner, BSP-Why is able to generate proof obligations for BSP programs.
Quality of Life Among Families of Children With Intellectual Disabilities: A Slovene Study

The main goal of the study was to provide and contrast data on quality of life for families in Slovenia that have children with intellectual disabilities and developmental disabilities (IDD) and families that have children with intellectual disabilities and autism spectrum disorders (ASD). The sample comprised 25 families with children with IDD and 19 families with children with ASD selected from schools in several villages in Slovenia. The data were collected using the FQOLS-2006. The data analysis exploring the relationship between the two study groups (IDD and ASD) using the six measurement dimensions (Importance, Attainment, Satisfaction, Opportunities, Initiative, Stability) showed the mean ratings for all six measurement dimensions were higher for the IDD group than for the ASD group, although both groups rated Importance quite highly. Within the nine domains examined, there were some differences between the two groups. For the two main outcome measures, Attainment and Satisfaction, the scores for Satisfaction were consistently higher for the IDD group than for the ASD group. A combination of qualitative and quantitative data revealed that two of the nine domains, Family Relationships and Community Interaction, appear to contribute positively to family quality of life for both groups in this sample, while family life relating to the other seven domains requires remediation. Data from this family quality of life study provides evidence to suggest to policy makers and service providers that there might be a substantial amount of work to be done in the future to provide appropriate and efficient support for families with children with disabilities, especially for those with ASD, so that these families can lead lives of quality.
A Systematic Review of Attachment-Based Interventions for Caregivers and Young Children Living in Poverty

Almost half of the 11 million children under the age of three in the United States live in low-income families. Early childhood may be the developmental period most sensitive to the conditions affected by income and living in poverty places children at greater risk for low quality attachment. The purpose of this systematic review was to summarize common themes, differences and shortcomings of interventions that aim to improve child-caregiver attachment and caregiver behaviors with children under the age of three who have been identified as living in poverty or a low socioeconomic background. Eighteen studies met the inclusion criteria. Data extraction identified specific intervention characteristics and the quality of intervention reporting using the TIDieR checklist. Characteristics of the caregivers, children, and interventionists involved in the studies, intervention delivery method, group or individual intervention, location of intervention implementation, the duration, and dose of the intervention were coded from each article. Studies were also analyzed to identify cultural aspects of the participants involved in the interventions, and how those characteristics may have modified or changed the interventions. TIDieR intervention guidelines clearly revealed that more detail was needed in all aspects of intervention reporting. Identification and description of the procedures and materials were most often missing, making it difficult to compare and contrast intervention procedures, and replication of interventions. However, common characteristics of interventions were noted. Mothers were the primary caregivers involved in the intervention, most of were delivered face-to-face (n=18) and in the home (n=17). The majority of interventions (n=14) were provided in individual family/dyad settings as opposed to group settings. Eight studies addressed cultural characteristics regarding the participants involved or how attachment definitions may change regarding participants' culture; most addressed language (n=6). Based on the results of this iv systematic review, it is recommended that interventions to enhance child-caregiver attachment and caregiver behaviors for those living in poverty should incorporate a multidimensional and culturally relevant approach, and be reported in a detailed way to allow for deep understanding and replication of the interventions. v Acknowledgments
High Performance Computing in Economics : SP 1 for Macroeconomic Model Simulation 1

Macroeconometric models with rational expectations constitute a challenge when they have to be solved repeatedly a large number of times, as it is the case in stochastic simulation or in sensitivity analysis. This paper presents an eecient implementation for solving such models on an IBM SP1. The results are illustrated with the model MULTIMOD from the International Monetary Fund.