Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Comparison Study between Single Enzyme and Multienzyme Complex in Distiller’s Dred Grains with Soluble Supplemented Diet in Broiler Chicken

Upregulation of the nutritional value of feed is the major target of various studies in the livestock industry, and dietary enzyme supplementation could aid in digesting the nondegrading nutrients of grains in feed ingredients. Dried distillers’ grains with solubles (DDGS) is a byproduct of the fermentation process in the beverage industry and can be used 30 as a large supply source of fiber in feed. Therefore, we conducted an experiment with male broiler chickens to investigate the effect of various types of enzymes on DDGS and compare the efficacy of single enzyme and multienzyme complexes on growth performance and gut environments in broiler chickens. We used 420 1-day-old broiler chickens (Ross 308), and they were allotted into 4 dietary treatments with seven replications (CON, corn-SBM diet; NC, 35 DDGS supplemented diet; SE, 0.05 % of mannanase supplemented DDGS-based diet; MC, 0.10 % of multienzyme complex (mannanase and xylanase, glucanase) supplemented DDGS-based diet. The dietary exogenous enzyme in the DDGS-supplemented diet could improve growth performance as much as the growth of the control group, and digestibility of dry matter, crude protein, and gross energy were significantly increased by enzyme addition in groups of 40 chicks fed DDGS-supplementation diet. Moreover, the populations of pathogenic bacteria, coliforms , and Bacteroidetes were significantly decreased by enzyme supplementation, which might lead to improved gut mucus-secreting cells and inflammatory cytokines in the jejunum. Collectively, dietary single enzyme and multienzyme complexes could improve gut environments, including intestinal immune responses and gut microbial population, and lead 45 to improvement of growth performance in broiler chickens.
New Evolutionary Insights into RpoA: A Novel Quorum Sensing Reprograming Factor in Pseudomonas aeruginosa

Abstract Quorum-sensing (QS) coordinates the expression of virulence factors in Pseudomonas aeruginosa, an opportunistic pathogen known for causing severe infections in immunocompromised patients. QS has a master regulator, the lasR gene, but in clinical settings, P. aeruginosa isolates have been found that are QS-active but LasR-null. In this study, we developed an experimental evolutionary approach to identify additional QS-reprogramming determinants. We began the study with a LasR-null mutant with an extra copy of mexT, a transcriptional regulator gene that is known to be able to reprogram QS in laboratory LasR-null strains. In this strain, spontaneous single mexT mutations are expected to have no or little phenotypic consequences. Using this novel method, which we have named “targeted gene duplication followed by mutant screening”, we identified QS-active revertants with mutations in genes other than mexT. One QS-active revertant had a point mutation in rpoA, a gene encoding the α-subunit of RNA polymerase. QS activation in this mutant was found to be associated with the downregulated expression of mexEF-oprN efflux pump genes. Our study therefore uncovers a new functional role for RpoA in regulating QS activity. Our results indicate that a RpoA-dependent regulatory circuit controlling the expression of the mexEF-oprN operon is critical for QS-reprogramming. In conclusion, our study reports on the identification of non-MexT proteins associated with QS-reprogramming in a laboratory strain, shedding light on possible QS activation mechanisms in clinical P. aeruginosa isolates.
Efficient Vanishing Point Estimation for Accurate Camera Rotation Estimation in Indoor Environments

Point-based simultaneous localization and mapping (SLAM) algorithms tend to degrade in texture-less indoor environments. Considering the pervasive presence and structural regularity of line features in artificial scenes, many researchers have developed line-based SLAM systems incorporating structural information, such as vanishing points (VPs). However, VP estimation introduces additional computational resource consumption, which degrades the real-time performance of SLAM systems. In this letter, we propose an efficient VP estimation algorithm that is applicable under both the Manhattan World (MW) and Atlanta World (AW) assumptions. Based on the assumption that each set of three orthogonal VPs is associated with a local Manhattan frame (LMF), the algorithm exhaustively searches all the existing VPs and models their associated LMFs. This process subsequently allows for absolute rotation estimation between the camera and fixed LMFs. Furthermore, we propose a translation-constrained line optical flow tracking (TC-LOFT) model to accurately and efficiently track the structure line feature. By building the residual of prior VP estimation and tracked structure line features, we propose a progressive absolute rotation refinement (PARR) to update VP estimation across consecutive frames. Experimental results on public datasets demonstrate that the proposed algorithm achieves significant efficiency, with negligible runtime for VP estimation, and high accuracy with less than 5 degrees of rotation estimation error in general indoor environments. The proposed algorithm outperforms the state-of-the-art and addresses the gap in efficient VP estimation under AW assumption.
Identification of novel lactate metabolism-related lncRNAs with prognostic value for bladder cancer

Background: Bladder cancer (BCA) has high recurrence and metastasis rates, and current treatment options show limited efficacy and significant adverse effects. It is crucial to find diagnostic markers and therapeutic targets with clinical value. This study aimed to identify lactate metabolism-related lncRNAs (LM_lncRNAs) to establish a model for evaluating bladder cancer prognosis. Method: A risk model consisting of lactate metabolism-related lncRNAs was developed to forecast bladder cancer patient prognosis using The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) database. Kaplan‒Meier survival analysis, receiver operating characteristic curve (ROC) analysis and decision curve analysis (DCA) were used to evaluate the reliability of risk grouping for predictive analysis of bladder cancer patients. The results were also validated in the validation set. Chemotherapeutic agents sensitive to lactate metabolism were assessed using the Genomics of Drug Sensitivity in Cancer (GDSC) database. Results: As an independent prognostic factor for patients, lactate metabolism-related lncRNAs can be used as a nomogram chart that predicts overall survival time (OS). There were significant differences in survival rates between the high-risk and low-risk groups based on the Kaplan‒Meier survival curve. decision curve analysis and receiver operating characteristic curve analysis confirmed its good predictive capacity. As a result, 22 chemotherapeutic agents were predicted to positively affect the high-risk group. Conclusion: An lactate metabolism-related lncRNA prediction model was proposed to predict the prognosis for patients with bladder cancer and chemotherapeutic drug sensitivity in high-risk groups, which provided a new idea for the prognostic evaluation of the clinical treatment of bladder cancer.
On-chip metamaterial-enabled high-order mode-division multiplexing

Abstract. Mode-division multiplexing (MDM) technology enables high-bandwidth data transmission using orthogonal waveguide modes to construct parallel data streams. However, few demonstrations have been realized for generating and supporting high-order modes, mainly due to the intrinsic large material group-velocity dispersion (GVD), which make it challenging to selectively couple different-order spatial modes. We show the feasibility of on-chip GVD engineering by introducing a gradient-index metamaterial structure, which enables a robust and fully scalable MDM process. We demonstrate a record-high-order MDM device that supports TE0–TE15 modes simultaneously. 40-GBaud 16-ary quadrature amplitude modulation signals encoded on 16 mode channels contribute to a 2.162 Tbit / s net data rate, which is the highest data rate ever reported for an on-chip single-wavelength transmission. Our method can effectively expand the number of channels provided by MDM technology and promote the emerging research fields with great demand for parallelism, such as high-capacity optical interconnects, high-dimensional quantum communications, and large-scale neural networks.
Banking crises and exporter dynamics

ABSTRACT This article examines the effects of systemic banking crises on exporter dynamics using exporter data at the country-industry level from the Exporter Dynamics Database (EDD). By considering industries with varying levels of external finance dependence, we are able to capture the heterogeneous impacts of banking crises. Our results demonstrate that banking crises lead to a decrease in the number of successful market entries, a reduction in export market concentration, and a slowdown in both product dynamics and destination dynamics. These findings are robust when accounting for other financial crises, industry characteristics, and potential endogeneity concerns. Overall, our empirical evidence confirms the detrimental impact of banking crises on the extensive margin of exports.
Tri-Axial Force Sensor in a Soft Catheter Using Fiber Bragg Gratings for Endoscopic Submucosal Dissection

Endoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD) is an advanced endoscopic technique with renowned clinical benefits but still a challenging procedure. The lack of force-feedback leading to insufficient or excessive contact force between the tip of the knife and the tissue, i.e., ineffective treatment or dangerous perforation, makes ESD require a high level of expertise and dexterity to master it, especially for trainees. In this article, we propose to enhance the training in ESD by integrating fiber Bragg gratings (FBGs) as three degrees-of-freedom optical force sensors into the polymer catheter of the electrosurgical knife aiming to measure <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">${F}_{x}$ </tex-math></inline-formula>, <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">${F}_{y}$ </tex-math></inline-formula>, and <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">${F}_{z}$ </tex-math></inline-formula>. Three FBGs are placed circumferentially to the Section of the catheter using nitinol tubes and a two-point pasting method. A force calibration test bench was specifically designed to calibrate the force sensor in 30 3-D spatial directions that cover most of its use cases. Nonlinear regression models were implemented to tackle the nonlinearities between the wavelength shifts of the FBGs and the forces applied, inherent to prototyping errors and nonlinearity of the soft material. A hybrid model made of mono- and bi-layered neural networks (NNs) for the prediction of <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">${F}_{x}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> and <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">${F}_{y}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> and a support vector regression (SVR) for the prediction of <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">${F}_{z}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> was built and showed root-mean-square error (RMSE) along transverse directions (<inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\textit {XY}$ </tex-math></inline-formula>) less than 3% of the full scale [−500; 500] mN and RMSE less than 10% along the axial direction (<inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">${Z}$ </tex-math></inline-formula>). These models were also verified in dynamic conditions. The results are promising and satisfy all the technical requirements.
Gabor phase response based scheme for accurate pectoral muscle boundary detection

Pectoral muscle segmentation is a very important step in any Computer Aided Detection (CAD) system, for automatic detection of different possible signs of malignancy in the mammographic image. Presence of high-density glandular tissues overlapping pectoral muscle boundary, presence of pectoral muscle of small size and low density, presence of pectoralis minor etc., poses a great challenge for researchers working on the problem of automatic pectoral muscle boundary detection. Gabor filter has been used by many researchers to detect textural edges. The ability that it can be tuned along a particular direction, makes it a very important image processing tool. In the proposed research work a Gabor filter tuned in the direction of pectoral muscle boundary is applied on the region of interest (ROI) containing pectoral muscle. Finally, the magnitude and phase response of Gabor filtered ROI image along with an edge-connect and region merge algorithm is used to detect pectoral muscle boundary. The proposed method is validated using 200 mammograms from the miniMIAS database and 200 mammograms from INbreast database. With an accuracy of 97.50% for miniMIAS database and 94.50% for INbreast database, the proposed method outperforms many state-of-the-art methods which show its suitability for CAD Systems.
High-throughput root phenotyping of crop cultivars tolerant to low N in waterlogged soils

COPYRIGHT © 2023 Huang, Zhang, Guo, Peng, Zhou, Duan, Tanveer and Guo. This is an openaccess article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms. TYPE Opinion PUBLISHED 13 September 2023 DOI 10.3389/fpls.2023. 1271539
Learning to Decompose: A Paradigm for Decomposition-Based Multiobjective Optimization

The decomposition-based evolutionary multiobjective optimization (EMO) algorithm has become an increasingly popular choice for a posteriori multiobjective optimization. However, recent studies have shown that their performance strongly depends on the Pareto front (PF) shapes. This can be attributed to the decomposition method, of which the reference points and subproblem formulation settings are not well adaptable to various problem characteristics. In this paper, we develop a learning-to-decompose (LTD) paradigm that adaptively sets the decomposition method by learning the characteristics of the estimated PF. Specifically, it consists of two interdependent parts, i.e., a learning module and an optimization module. Given the current nondominated solutions from the optimization module, the learning module periodically learns an analytical model of the estimated PF. Thereafter, useful information is extracted from the learned model to set the decomposition method for the optimization module: 1) reference points compliant with the PF shape and 2) subproblem formulations whose contours and search directions are appropriate for the current status. Accordingly, the optimization module, which can be any decomposition-based EMO algorithm in principle, decomposes the multiobjective optimization problem into a number of subproblems and optimizes them simultaneously. To validate our proposed LTD paradigm, we integrate it with two decomposition-based EMO algorithms, and compare them with four state-of-the-art algorithms on a series of benchmark problems with various PF shapes.
Particules matérielles en écoulement turbulent. Transport, dynamique aux temps longs et transfert thermique

Nous nous interessons au transport turbulent de particules de taille grande devant l’echelle de Kolmogorov. Cette situation se retrouve a la fois dans les ecoulements naturels (comme le transport de sediments) et dans les ecoulements industriels (solutes solides dans un melangeur par exemple). Pour aborder ce probleme, nous etudions la dynamique de particules de taille proche de l’echelle integrale, de densite egale ou legerement diﬀerente de celle du ﬂuide, dans un ecoulement turbulent de von Karman contra-rotatif, a l’aide d’un montage de suivi lagrangien rapide. L’etude de la dynamique rapide des particules montre une diminution forte des ﬂuctuations selon la taille, mais aussi l’apparition d’un phenomene nouveau : a partir d’une certaine taille, les particules n’explorent plus l’ecoulement de facon homogene. Cette exploration preferentielle est liee a la structure moyenne de l’ecoulement de von Karman, qui cree une force de piegeage. Cette force devient alors superieure aux ﬂuctuations des particules quand leur taille depasse une taille critique. Une etude dans le regime laminaire, ou l’ecoulement moyen domine largement les ﬂuctuations, a en eﬀet mis en evidence un piegeage fortement accru. Les particules orbitent alors pendant des temps tres longs autour des attracteurs stables des particules ﬂuides de l’ecoulement laminaire. Meme en regime pleinement turbulent, le deplacement des particules entre ces zones s’eﬀectue sur des durees longues, decorrelees des temps de la dynamique turbulente. Nous avons adapte les outils d’analyse pour caracteriser cette dynamique et l’avons comparee a celle de particules isodenses dans un ecoulement de von Karman qui possede deux etats asymetriques. Nous avons egalement elabore un modele qui reproduit ces caracteristiques dans les cas symetrique et asymetrique. Ces questions sont intimement liees au transfert de masse ou de chaleur entre une particule et l’ecoulement. Nous avons donc aussi etudie la fusion de grosses billes de glace en turbulence developpee, analysant l’inﬂuence de la taille des billes et de la vitesse de glissement sur le transfert thermique, a l’aide d’un montage d’ombroscopie afocale. Nous avons notamment montre que les grosses billes de glace fondent dans un regime ultime de convection forcee lorsqu’elles sont librement advectees par l’ecoulement.
ARTICLE; AGRICULTURE AND ENVIRONMENTAL BIOTECHNOLOGY Thidiazuron induced efficient in vitromultiplication and ex vitro conservation of Rauvolfia serpentina a potent antihypertensive drug producing plant

An efficient system for in vitro propagation of the endangered medicinal plant Rauvolfia serpentina has been developed. Proliferation of shoots was achieved from nodal segment explants, excised from a field grown plants on Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium supplemented with thidiazuron (TDZ) (0.1 2.5 mmol/L) although with low regeneration response and few number of shoots per explant. Greater number of shoots was achieved from nodal explants pretreated with higher concentrations of TDZ (5 100 mmol/L) in liquid MS medium for different time periods (4, 8, 12 and 16 days), followed by their transfer on a growth regulator-free medium. The highest response in terms of percent regeneration (90%), average number of shoots/explant (23.17 § 2.15) and maximum shoot length (5.3 cm § 0.83 cm) were achieved by pretreating the nodal explants with 50 mmol/L TDZ for 8 days. Rooting was achieved in MS medium supplemented with 0.5 mmol/L indole-3-butyric acid with an average of 5.50 § 0.92 roots per microshoot. The rooted plantlets were transferred to soil, where 90% of them grew well and exhibited a normal development. Chlorophyll a and b, carotenoids, net photosynthetic rate and antioxidative enzymes, viz., superoxide dismutase and catalase activities were measured in leaf tissues during ex vitro acclimatization at 0, 7, 14, 21 and 28 days. Most of the activities showed a decreasing trend but subsequently increased after 7 days of acclimatization. These changes suggested the adjustment of the in vitro propagated plantlets to ex vitro conditions.
Unique SARS-CoV-2 Variants, Tourism Metrics, and B.1.2 Emergence in Early COVID-19 Pandemic: A Correlation Analysis in South Dakota

The severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) virus, which is the source of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), was declared a pandemic in the March of 2020. Travel and tourism were severely impacted as restrictions were imposed to help slow the disease spread, but some states took alternative approaches to travel restrictions. This study investigated the spread of COVID-19 in South Dakota during the early pandemic period to better understand how tourism affected the movement of the virus within the region. Sequences from the fall of 2020 were retrieved from public sources. CDC and other sources were used to determine infections, deaths, and tourism metrics during this time. The data were analyzed using correlation and logistic regression. This study found that the number of unique variants per month was positively correlated with hotel occupancy, but not with the number of cases or deaths. Interestingly, the emergence of the B.1. 2 variant in South Dakota was positively correlated with increased case numbers and deaths. Data show that states with a shelter-in-place order were associated with a slower emergence of the B.1. 2 variant compared to states without such an order, including South Dakota. Findings suggest complex relationships between tourism, SARS-CoV-2 infections, and mitigation strategies. The unique approach that South Dakota adopted provided insights into the spread of the disease in areas without state-wide restrictions. Our results suggest both positive and negative aspects of this approach. Finally, our data highlight the need for future surveillance efforts, including efforts focused on identifying variants with known increased transmission potential to produce effective population health management.
In situ study of the formation mechanism of two-dimensional superlattices from PbSe nanocrystals

wide-angle), ex-situ Monte simulations. observed nanocrystal adsorption at the interface, followed by the formation of a hexagonal nanocrystal monolayer. The hexagonal transforms gradually through a pseudo-hexagonal phase into a phase with square order, by attractive between the {100} perpendicular to the 2-D
Effects of deposited sediments on temperate stream invertebrates

Fine sediment in streams and rivers is one of the most globally widespread of all freshwater pollutants. However, the ecological implications are still poorly quantified, and field experiments to assess likely functional and structural effects are scarce. We assessed the response of stream invertebrates to fine sediment (i.e. inert sand) added to trays (n — 65) containing otherwise natural substrata over a three-week period in three replicate streams in the Usk catchment, Wales. Sediment addition to 0.6-18 kg m-2 affected both the structure and functional composition of invertebrate assemblages while also reducing overall abundance and in some common species (Baetis rhodani, Ecdyonurus sp. and Leuctra geniculata). Sediment also reduced richness and overall trait diversity (TD), while different life-history traits were either favoured (polivoltinism, tegumental respiration and burrowing behaviour) or disfavoured (swimmers, attached taxa, gill respiration). Moreover, sediments appeared to promote a nested subset pattern in species composition, with generalists favoured at the expense of specialists either through exclusion or impaired colonization. Effects were due largely to the loss of five taxa that contributed to the significant nestedness across the sand gradient: B. rhodani, Ecdyonurus sp. , Leuctra geniculata, Simuliidae and Ephemerella ignita. This short-term experiment supports recent surveys in indicating how sedimentation can change the structural and functional composition of stream invertebrate assemblages even at low to moderate rates of deposition. In revealing direct effects on trait adversity, trait representation and nestedness, the data are also consistent with survey data in indicating that sediments have potentially important ramifications for conservation by removing organisms systematically according to life-history features. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. k ey w o rd s : conservation; insects; invertebrates; life-history traits; nestedness; rivers Received 1 July 2009; Revised 8 December 2009; Accepted 22 December 2009