Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Solvable vector nonlinear Riemann problems, exact implicit solutions of dispersionless PDEs and wave breaking

We have recently solved the inverse spectral problem for integrable partial differential equations (PDEs) in arbitrary dimensions arising as commutation of multidimensional vector fields depending on a spectral parameter λ. The associated inverse problem, in particular, can be formulated as a nonlinear Riemann–Hilbert (NRH) problem on a given contour of the complex λ plane. The most distinguished examples of integrable PDEs of this type, like the dispersionless Kadomtsev–Petviashivili (dKP), the heavenly and the two-dimensional dispersionless Toda equations, are real PDEs associated with Hamiltonian vector fields. The corresponding NRH data satisfy suitable reality and symplectic constraints. In this paper, generalizing the examples of solvable NRH problems illustrated in Manakov and Santini (2009 J. Phys. A: Math. Theor. 42 095203; 2008 J. Phys. A: Math. Theor. 41 055204; 2009 J. Phys. A: Math. Theor. 42 404013), we present a general procedure to construct solvable NRH problems for integrable real PDEs associated with Hamiltonian vector fields, allowing one to construct exact implicit solutions of such PDEs parametrized by an arbitrary number of real functions of a single variable. Then, we illustrate this theory on few distinguished examples for the dKP and heavenly equations. For the dKP case, we characterize a class of similarity solutions, of solutions constant on their parabolic wave front and breaking simultaneously on it, of localized solutions whose breaking point travels with constant speed along the wave front, and of localized solutions breaking in a point of the (x, y) plane. For the heavenly equation, we characterize two classes of symmetry reductions.
A 30 AU RADIUS CO GAS HOLE IN THE DISK AROUND THE HERBIG Ae STAR Oph IRS 48

The physical processes leading to the disappearance of disks around young stars are not well understood. A subclass of transitional disks, the so-called cold disks with large inner dust holes, provides a crucial laboratory for studying disk dissipation processes. IRS 48 has a 30 AU radius hole previously measured from dust continuum imaging at 18.7 μm. Using new optical spectra, we determine that IRS 48 is a pre-main-sequence A0 star. In order to characterize this disk's gas distribution, we obtained AO-assisted Very Large Telescope CRIRES high-resolution (R ∼ 100,000) spectra of the CO fundamental rovibrational band at 4.7 μm. All CO emission, including that from isotopologues and vibrationally excited molecules, is off-source and peaks at 30 AU. The gas is thermally excited to a rotational temperature of 260 K and is also strongly UV pumped, showing a vibrational excitation temperature of ∼5000 K. We model the kinematics and excitation of the gas and posit that the CO emission arises from the dust hole wall. Prior imaging of UV-excited polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon molecules, usually a gas tracer, within the hole makes the large CO hole even more unexpected.
Deconstructing blazars: A different scheme for jet kinematics in flat-spectrum AGN

Recent VLBI studies of the morphology and kinematics of individual BL Lac objects (S5 1803+784, PKS 0735+178, etc.) have revealed a new paradigm for the pc-scale jet kinematics of these sources. Unlike the apparent superluminal outward motions usually observed in blazars, most, if not all, jet components in these sources appear to be stationary with respect to the core, while exhibiting strong changes in their position angles. As a result, the jet ridge lines of these sources evolve substantially, at times forming a wide channel-flow. We investigate the Caltech-Jodrell Bank flat-spectrum (CJF) sample of radio-loud active galaxies to study this new kinematic scenario for flat-spectrum AGN. We develop a number of tools that extract information about the apparent linear and angular evolution of the CJF jet ridge lines, as well as their morphology. In this way, we study both radial and non-radial apparent motions in the CJF jets. We find that approximately half of the sample shows appreciable apparent jet widths ($>10 degrees$), with BL Lac jet ridge lines showing significantly larger apparent widths than both quasars and radio galaxies. In addition, BL Lac jet ridge lines are found to change their apparent width more strongly. Finally, BL Lac jet ridge lines show the least apparent linear evolution, which translates to the smallest apparent expansion speeds for their components. We find compelling evidence supporting a substantially different kinematic scenario for flat-spectrum radio-AGN jets and in particular for BL Lac objects. In addition, we find that variability is closely related to the properties of a source's jet ridge line. Variable quasars are found to show "BL Lac like" behavior, compared to their non-variable counterparts.
Finding evidence for massive neutrinos using 3D weak lensing

In this paper we investigate the potential of 3D cosmic shear to constrain massive neutrino parameters. We find that if the total mass is substantial (near the upper limits from large scale structure, but setting aside the Ly alpha limit for now), then 3D $\mathrm{\text{cosmic shear}}+\mathrm{\text{Planck}}$ is very sensitive to neutrino mass and one may expect that a next generation photometric redshift survey could constrain the number of neutrinos ${N}_{\ensuremath{\nu}}$ and the sum of their masses ${m}_{\ensuremath{\nu}}=\ensuremath{\sum}_{i}{m}_{i}$ to an accuracy of $\ensuremath{\Delta}{N}_{\ensuremath{\nu}}\ensuremath{\sim}0.08$ and $\ensuremath{\Delta}{m}_{\ensuremath{\nu}}\ensuremath{\sim}0.03\text{ }\text{ }\mathrm{eV}$, respectively. If in fact the masses are close to zero, then the errors weaken to $\ensuremath{\Delta}{N}_{\ensuremath{\nu}}\ensuremath{\sim}0.10$ and $\ensuremath{\Delta}{m}_{\ensuremath{\nu}}\ensuremath{\sim}0.07\text{ }\text{ }\mathrm{eV}$. In either case there is a factor 4 improvement over Planck alone. We use a Bayesian evidence method to predict joint expected evidence for ${N}_{\ensuremath{\nu}}$ and ${m}_{\ensuremath{\nu}}$. We find that 3D cosmic shear combined with a Planck prior could provide ``substantial'' evidence for massive neutrinos and be able to distinguish ``decisively'' between many competing massive neutrino models. This technique should ``decisively'' distinguish between models in which there are no massive neutrinos and models in which there are massive neutrinos with $|{N}_{\ensuremath{\nu}}\ensuremath{-}3|\ensuremath{\gtrsim}0.35$ and ${m}_{\ensuremath{\nu}}\ensuremath{\gtrsim}0.25\text{ }\text{ }\mathrm{eV}$. We introduce the notion of marginalized and conditional evidence when considering evidence for individual parameter values within a multiparameter model.
Germplasm Screening Using DNA Markers and Genome-Wide Association Study for the Identification of Powdery Mildew Resistance Loci in Tomato

Powdery mildew (PM), caused by Oidium spp. in tomato, is a global concern that leads to diminished yield. We aimed to evaluate previously reported DNA markers linked to powdery mildew resistance (PMR) and identify novel quantitative trait loci (QTLs) for PMR through a genome-wide association study in tomato. Sequencing analysis of the internal transcribed spacer (ITS) of a PM strain (PNU_PM) isolated from Miryang, Gyeongnam, led to its identification as Oidium neolycopersici. Thereafter, a PM bioassay was conducted for a total of 295 tomato accessions, among which 24 accessions (4 S. lycopersicum accessions and 20 accessions of seven wild species) showed high levels of resistance to PNU_PM. Subsequently, we genotyped 11 markers previously linked to PMR in 56 accessions. PMR-specific banding patterns were detected in 15/22 PMR accessions, while no such bands were observed in the powdery mildew-susceptible accessions. The genome-wide association study was performed using TASSEL and GAPIT, based on the phenotypic data of 290 accessions and 11,912 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) obtained from the Axiom® Tomato SNP Chip Array. Nine significant SNPs in chromosomes 1, 4, 6, 8, and 12, were selected and five novel QTL regions distinct from previously known PMR-QTL regions were identified. Of these QTL regions, three putative candidate genes for PMR were selected from chromosomes 4 and 8, including two nucleotide binding site-leucine rich repeat class genes and a receptor-like kinase gene, all of which have been identified previously as causative genes for PMR in several crop species. The SNPs discovered in these genes provide useful information for understanding the molecular basis of PMR and developing DNA markers for marker-assisted selection of PMR in tomato.
Genome-Wide Identification of AP2/ERF Transcription Factor Family and Functional Analysis of DcAP2/ERF#96 Associated with Abiotic Stress in Dendrobium catenatum

APETALA2/Ethylene Responsive Factor (AP2/ERF) family plays important roles in reproductive development, stress responses and hormone responses in plants. However, AP2/ERF family has not been systematically studied in Dendrobium catenatum. In this study, 120 AP2/ERF family members were identified for the first time in D. catenatum, which were divided into four groups (AP2, RAV, ERF and DREB subfamily) according to phylogenetic analysis. Gene structures and conserved motif analysis showed that each DcAP2/ERF family gene contained at least one AP2 domain, and the distribution of motifs varied among subfamilies. Cis-element analysis indicated that DcAP2/ERF genes contained abundant cis-elements related to hormone signaling and stress response. To further identify potential genes involved in drought stress, 12 genes were selected to detect their expression under drought treatment through qRT-PCR analysis and DcAP2/ERF#96, a nuclear localized ethylene-responsive transcription factor, showed a strong response to PEG treatment. Overexpression of DcAP2/ERF#96 in Arabidopsis showed sensitivity to ABA. Molecular, biochemical and genetic assays indicated that DcAP2ERF#96 interacts with DREB2A and directly inhibits the expression of P5CS1 in response to the ABA signal. Taken together, our study provided a molecular basis for the intensive study of DcAP2/ERF genes and revealed the biological function of DcAP2ERF#96 involved in the ABA signal.
Multi-resolution Bayesian CMB component separation through Wiener filtering with a pseudo-inverse preconditioner

We present a Bayesian model for multi-resolution component separation for cosmic microwave background (CMB) applications based on Wiener filtering and/or computation of constrained realizations, extending a previously developed framework. We also develop an efficient solver for the corresponding linear system for the associated signal amplitudes. The core of this new solver is an efficient preconditioner based on the pseudo-inverse of the coefficient matrix of the linear system. In the full sky coverage case, the method gives an increased speed of the preconditioner, and it is easier to implement in terms of practical computer code. In the case where a mask is applied and prior-driven constrained realization is sought within the mask, this is the first time full convergence has been achieved at the full resolution of the Planck data set.
Self-consistent phonon calculations of lattice dynamical properties in cubic SrTiO 3 with first-principles anharmonic force constants

We present an ab initio framework to calculate anharmonic phonon frequency and phonon lifetime that is applicable to severely anharmonic systems. We employ self-consistent phonon (SCPH) theory with microscopic anharmonic force constants, which are extracted from density functional calculations using the least absolute shrinkage and selection operator technique. We apply the method to the high-temperature phase of ${\mathrm{SrTiO}}_{3}$ and obtain well-defined phonon quasiparticles that are free from imaginary frequencies. Here we show that the anharmonic phonon frequency of the antiferrodistortive mode depends significantly on the system size near the critical temperature of the cubic-to-tetragonal phase transition. By applying perturbation theory to the SCPH result, phonon lifetimes are calculated for cubic ${\mathrm{SrTiO}}_{3}$, which are then employed to predict lattice thermal conductivity using the Boltzmann transport equation within the relaxation-time approximation. The presented methodology is efficient and accurate, paving the way toward a reliable description of thermodynamic, dynamic, and transport properties of systems with severe anharmonicity, including thermoelectric, ferroelectric, and superconducting materials.
Spectroscopic characteristics of the cyanomethyl anion and its deuterated derivatives

Context. It has long been suggested that CH2CN − (cyanomethyl anion) might be a carrier of one of the many poorly characterized diffuse interstellar bands. In this paper, our aim is to study various forms (ionic, neutral, and deuterated isotopomer) of CH2CN (cyanomethyl radical) in the interstellar medium. Aims. The aim of this paper is to predict spectroscopic characteristics of various forms of CH2CN and its deuterated derivatives. Moreover, we would like to model the interstellar chemistry for predicting the column densities of such species around dark cloud conditions. Methods. We performed detailed quantum chemical simulations to present the spectral properties (infrared, electronic, and rotational) of various forms of the cyanomethyl radical. Moller-Plesset perturbation theory along with the triple-zeta, correlation-consistent basis set is used to obtain different spectroscopic constants of CH2CN − , CHDCN − ,a nd CD2CN − in the gas phase. They are essential for predicting rotational spectra of these species. Depending on the total number of electrons, there are several allowed spin states for various forms of the cyanomethyl radical. We performed quantum chemical calculations to find out, energetically, the stablest spin states for these species. We computed IR and electronic absorption spectra for different forms of CH2CN. Moreover, we have also implemented a large gas-grain chemical network to predict the column densities of various forms of the cyanomethyl radical and its related species. To mimic physical conditions around a dense cloud region, the variation in the visual extinction parameters were considered with respect to the hydrogen number density of the simulated cloud. Results. Our quantum chemical calculation reveals that the singlet spin state is the stablest form of cyanomethyl anion and its deuterated forms. For confirming the detection of the cyanomethyl anion and its two deuterated forms, namely CHDCN − and CD2CN − ,w e present the rotational spectral information of these species in the Appendix. Our chemical model predicts that the deuterated forms of cyanomethyl radicals (especially the anions) are also reasonably abundant around the dense region of the molecular cloud.
Theory of optical spin control in quantum dot microcavities

We present a microscopic theory of optical initialization, control and detection for a single electron spin in a quantum dot embedded into a zero-dimensional microcavity. The strong coupling regime of the trion and the cavity mode is addressed. We demonstrate that efficient spin orientation by a single circularly polarized pulse is possible in relatively weak transverse magnetic fields. The possibilities for spin control by additional circularly polarized pulse are analyzed. Under optimal conditions the Kerr and Faraday rotation angles induced by the spin polarized electron may reach tens of degrees.
Fitness Dance Counteracts Female Ph.D. Candidates’ Stress by Affecting Emotion Regulation

Abstract Background: The impact of stress on the nation’s physical and mental health is considerable. Exercise is considered to have beneficial effects on mental health and the capacity for coping with stress. The purpose of this study is to verify the effects of fitness dance intervention on female Ph.D. candidates’ stress, and compare it with the intervention effects of MBSR. Method: A repeated measurement experimental design was used to evaluate the effects of fitness dance and MBSR on Chinese female Ph.D. candidates’ stress. Results: Twelve weeks of fitness dance and MBSR can reduce participants’ stress from severe to moderate. Eight weeks of fitness dance can reduce the tension from perceived stress (p = 0.019) and loss of control from perceived stress (p = 0.043). Twelve weeks of fitness dance can reduce the tension from perceived stress (p < 0.000), loss of control from perceived stress (p = 0.002) and perceived stress (p = 0.001). Fitness dance and MBSR affect emotion regulation, thereby affecting stress. Fitness dance reduced participants’ stress by improving their cognitive reappraisal ability. MBSR reduced participants’ stress by improving their cognitive reappraisal ability and expression suppression ability. Conclusions: Fitness dance, as a method of exercise intervention, is suitable for reducing Chinese female Ph.D. candidates’ stress.
Deflection angle of light for an observer and source at finite distance from a rotating wormhole

By using a method improved with a generalized optical metric, the deflection of light for an observer and source at finite distance from a lens object in a stationary, axisymmetric and asymptotically flat spacetime has been recently discussed [Ono, Ishihara, Asada, Phys. Rev. D 96, 104037 (2017)]. By using this method, in the weak field approximation, we study the deflection angle of light for an observer and source at finite distance from a rotating Teo wormhole, especially by taking account of the contribution from the geodesic curvature of the light ray in a space associated with the generalized optical metric. Our result of the deflection angle of light is compared with a recent work on the same wormhole but limited within the asymptotic source and observer [Jusufi, Ovgun, Phys. Rev. D 97, 024042, (2018)], in which they employ another approach proposed by Werner with using the Nazim's osculating Riemannian construction method via the Randers-Finsler metric. We show that the two different methods give the same result in the asymptotic limit. We obtain also the corrections to the deflection angle due to the finite distance from the rotating wormhole.
What Stratum Are You? Narratives of Colombian Migrants Living in Melbourne and How They Experience Socioeconomic Stratification

ABSTRACT This article explores the stories of eleven middle-class professionals from Bogotá, Colombia living in Melbourne, Australia. They reflect on class and status while trying to navigate the Australian social structure and position themselves and others in it. Drawing on theories of migration and class, we argue that the participants position themselves in Australian society not only in relation to the local social structure but also through beliefs they have about Colombian social structures, particularly the socioeconomic stratification system. This involves reinterpretation and adaptation of pre-conceptions and beliefs according to the new reality. Further unexpected findings included that English proficiency is crucial to the social mobility and integration of Colombian migrants in Australia. Most respondents perceived education as their best asset, but felt that their chances of success depended on English skills. This research contributes to knowledge of Latin American migrants in Australia and the Colombian socioeconomic stratification system.
Polarization modeling and predictions for DKIST part 1: telescope and example instrument configurations

We outline polarization performance calculations and predictions for the Daniel K. Inouye Solar Telescope (DKIST) optics and show Mueller matrices for two of the first light instruments. Telescope polarization is due to polarization dependent mirror reflectivity and rotations between groups of mirrors as the telescope moves in altitude and azimuth. The Zemax optical modeling software has polarization ray-trace capabilities and predicts system performance given a coating prescription. We develop a model coating formula that approximates measured witness sample polarization properties. Estimates show the DKIST telescope Mueller matrix as functions of wavelength, azimuth, elevation, and field angle for the Cryogenic Near Infra-Red Spectro-Polarimeter and for the Visible SpectroPolarimeter (ViSP). Footprint variation is substantial and shows vignetted field points will have strong polarization effects. We estimate 2% variation of some Mueller matrix elements over the 5 arc minute CryoNIRSP field. We validate the Zemax model by show limiting cases for flat mirrors in collimated and powered designs that compare well with theoretical approximations and are testable with lab ellipsometers.
Coupled use of isovists and wavelets for street intersection pattern determination

The city is a complex “object” whose structure can be studied at several levels of scale. In this article, we propose to work on the scale of the street, the one in which the pedestrian is immersed, and more precisely on the scale of its articulations, the street intersections. These are indeed structuring places, variously walkable, potentially difficult to cross, which a methodical description can facilitate the use. To this end, we operate, in each intersection, a matching between the shape of the open space as captured by the pedestrian in immersion (this visual pattern is more commonly called the isovist) and a corpus of geospatial patterns. This matching exploits a wavelet compression technique from signal processing which also has the advantage of evaluating the orientation of the pattern. The different urban fabrics presented during the comparative analysis highlight the versatility of the method but also its scalability.
Prediction Value of KREBS Von Den Lungen-6 (KL-6) Biomarker in COVID-19 Patients: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

The SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19) pandemic is a major issue that necessitates the use of cutting-edge disease prediction models. The aim of the study was to assess the existing evidence regarding association between Krebs von den Lungen-6 levels and COVID-19 severity. A literature search was performed on Web of Science, PubMed, Scopus and Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials databases from 1 January 2020 up to 2 August 2022. The electronic database search was supplemented by searching Google Scholar. In addition, reference lists of relative articles were also reviewed. KL-6 levels among COVID-19 positive vs. negative patients varied and amounted to 443.37 ± 249.33 vs. 205.73 ± 86.8 U/mL (MD = 275.33; 95%CI: 144.57 to 406.09; p < 0.001). The KL-6 level was 402.82 ± 261.16 U/mL in the severe group and was statistically significantly higher than in the non-severe group (297.38 ± 90.46 U/mL; MD = 192.45; 95%CI: 118.19 to 266.72; p < 0.001). The KL-6 level in the mild group was 272.28 ± 95.42 U/mL, compared to 268.04 ± 55.04 U/mL in the moderate COVID-19 group (MD = −12.58; 95%CI: −21.59 to −3.57; p = 0.006). Our meta-analysis indicates a significant association between increased KL-6 levels and SARS-CoV-2 infection. Moreover, KL-6 levels are significantly higher in patients with a more severe course of COVID-19, indicating that KL-6 may be a useful predictor to identify patients at risk for severe COVID-19.
Absolute parameters of AE For - a highly active detached binary of late K type

We present photometric and spectroscopic analysis of AE For - a detached eclipsing binary composed of two late K dwarfs. The masses of the components are found to be 0.6314 ± 0.0035 and 0.6197 ± 0.0034 Mand the radii to be 0.67 ± 0.03 and 0.63 ± 0.03 Rfor primary and secondary component, respectively. Both components are significantly oversized compared to theoretical models, which we attribute to their high activity. They show Hα ,H β, Hγ , Ca H and Ca K in emission, and are heavily spotted, causing large variations of the light curve.