Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Interactive code to correct and detect omniscient Byzantine adversaries

This paper considers interactive transmissions in the presence of omniscient Byzantine attacks. Unlike prior papers, it is assumed that the number of transmissions, the number of erroneous transmissions therein, and the direction of each transmission are predetermined. Besides, the size of the alphabet in each transmission is unequal and predefined. Using these transmissions, two nodes communicate interactively to send a message. In this model, both attack strategies and coding bounds are considered. Although the codebook can not fully describe the interactive code, we still assert the existence of successful attack strategies according to the relations between codewords in the codebook. Furthermore, to ensure that the code is able to detect or correct a given number of transmission errors, upper bounds on the size of code are derived. Finally, the tightness of the bounds is discussed.
Budget Constrained Execution of Multiple Bag-of-Tasks Applications on the Cloud

Optimising the execution of Bag-of-Tasks (BoT) applications on the cloud is a hard problem due to the trade-offs between performance and monetary cost. The problem can be further complicated when multiple BoT applications need to be executed. In this paper, we propose and implement a heuristic algorithm that schedules tasks of multiple applications onto different cloud virtual machines in order to maximise performance while satisfying a given budget constraint. Current approaches are limited in task scheduling since they place a limit on the number of cloud resources that can be employed by the applications. However, in the proposed algorithm there are no such limits, and in comparison with other approaches, the algorithm on average achieves an improved performance of 10%. The experimental results also highlight that the algorithm yields consistent performance even with low budget constraints which cannot be achieved by competing approaches.
Using high level information for region grouping

Effective labeling for an image indexing system requires all objects in the image to be identified. This identification process can be performed by extracting components of the objects and grouping these components together. We propose the use of image segmentation techniques as a first step to solve the problem of extracting these components automatically. The difficult task is how the grouping of these components is performed. This paper presents an approach in region grouping using high level information. This information permits image segments grouped into "more meaningful" regions. In this paper, we present the issues and problems involved in region grouping. Some experiment results are presented.
A Brownian Model for Recurrent Earthquakes

We construct a probability model for rupture times on a recurrent earthquake source. Adding Brownian perturbations to steady tectonic loading produces a stochastic load-state process. Rupture is assumed to occur when this process reaches a critical-failure threshold. An earthquake relaxes the load state to a characteristic ground level and begins a new failure cycle. The load-state process is a Brownian relaxation oscillator. Intervals between events have a Brownian passage-time distribution that may serve as a temporal model for time-dependent, long-term seismic forecasting. This distribution has the following noteworthy properties: (1) the probability of immediate rerupture is zero; (2) the hazard rate increases steadily from zero at t = 0 to a finite maximum near the mean recurrence time and then decreases asymptotically to a quasi-stationary level, in which the conditional probability of an event becomes time independent; and (3) the quasi-stationary failure rate is greater than, equal to, or less than the mean failure rate because the coefficient of variation is less than, equal to, or greater than \batchmode \documentclass[fleqn,10pt,legalpaper]{article} \usepackage{amssymb} \usepackage{amsfonts} \usepackage{amsmath} \pagestyle{empty} \begin{document} \(1{/}\sqrt{2}{\approx}0.707\) \end{document}. In addition, the model provides expressions for the hazard rate and probability of rupture on faults for which only a bound can be placed on the time of the last rupture. The Brownian relaxation oscillator provides a connection between observable event times and a formal state variable that reflects the macromechanics of stress and strain accumulation. Analysis of this process reveals that the quasi-stationary distance to failure has a gamma distribution, and residual life has a related exponential distribution. It also enables calculation of “interaction” effects due to external perturbations to the state, such as stress-transfer effects from earthquakes outside the target source. The influence of interaction effects on recurrence times is transient and strongly dependent on when in the loading cycle step perturbations occur. Transient effects may be much stronger than would be predicted by the “clock change” method and characteristically decay inversely with elapsed time after the perturbation.
2 From Practice Fields to Communities of Practice

In writing this chapter, we (a constructivist and a situativity theorist) struggled with the distinction between situativity and constructivism. and the implications in terms of the design of learning contexts. In clarifying (and justifying) our two sides, we created straw man and pOinted fingers with respect to the limitations of each other's perspectives. We found that although discussions of situativity and of constructivism draw on different references and clearly have specialized languages, actual interpretations of situativity and of constructivism share many underlying similarities. Further, when it came to the design of learning contexts predicated on our respective theories, we found ourselves continuously forwarding similar principles and advocating for similar learning contexts. We are dealing with evolving concepts-and people use new terms to include and extend old ones. Constructivism was the label used for the departure from objectivism; however, even among those who call themselves constructivists there are different perspectives and different sets of assumptions (see Cobb, 1994, 1995; Phillips, 1995). Now the term more commonly used is situated, reflecting the key proposal from both the constructivist and situativity perspective that knowledge is situated through experience. In the context of this chapter, we found it trivial to distinguish among those learning theories and principles related to constructivism and those related to situativity theory. Rather, we discuss the various learning theories that have informed our understanding all unde~ the heading of situativity learning theories. This term, and its associated assumptions and current interpretations, seemed to better capture the essence of the learning contexts we are forwarding as useful. However, even within the context of situativity theories we found it necessary to make distinctions, and it was these distinctions (not the distinction between constructivist and situativity views) that best captured the essence of this chapter.
Robust and scalable matching pursuits video transmission using the Bluetooth air interface standard

This paper introduces an error resilient implementation of the matching pursuits algorithm for video coding. The video bitstream is transmitted using the simulated Bluetooth air interface standard, which recommends ARQ as a means of overcoming channel errors in data packets. This may be unsuitable for real time and broadcast applications. Therefore, a modified receiver is proposed in this paper, which does not request a retransmission of erroneous packets, but instead passes them to the video decoder to exploit error resilience. This strategy is shown to be superior to a standard compliant system if ARQ cannot be applied. This work confirms that wireless communication standards should support a transparent mode for video applications.
Polar Flagellar Motility of theVibrionaceae

SUMMARY Polar flagella of Vibrio species can rotate at speeds as high as 100,000 rpm and effectively propel the bacteria in liquid as fast as 60 μm/s. The sodium motive force powers rotation of the filament, which acts as a propeller. The filament is complex, composed of multiple subunits, and sheathed by an extension of the cell outer membrane. The regulatory circuitry controlling expression of the polar flagellar genes of members of the Vibrionaceae is different from the peritrichous system of enteric bacteria or the polar system of Caulobacter crescentus. The scheme of gene control is also pertinent to other members of the gamma purple bacteria, in particular to Pseudomonas species. This review uses the framework of the polar flagellar system of Vibrio parahaemolyticus to provide a synthesis of what is known about polar motility systems of the Vibrionaceae. In addition to its propulsive role, the single polar flagellum of V. parahaemolyticus is believed to act as a tactile sensor controlling surface-induced gene expression. Under conditions that impede rotation of the polar flagellum, an alternate, lateral flagellar motility system is induced that enables movement through viscous environments and over surfaces. Although the dual flagellar systems possess no shared structural components and although distinct type III secretion systems direct the simultaneous placement and assembly of polar and lateral organelles, movement is coordinated by shared chemotaxis machinery.
Social and Cultural Barriers to Diabetes Prevention in Oklahoma American Indian Women

Introduction The prevalence of diabetes is disproportionately higher among minority populations, especially American Indians. Prevention or delay of diabetes in this population would improve quality of life and reduce health care costs. Identifying cultural definitions of health and diabetes is critically important to developing effective diabetes prevention programs. Methods In-home qualitative interviews were conducted with 79 American Indian women from 3 tribal clinics in northeast Oklahoma to identify a cultural definition of health and diabetes. Grounded theory was used to analyze verbatim transcripts. Results The women interviewed defined health in terms of physical functionality and absence of disease, with family members and friends serving as treatment promoters. Conversely, the women considered their overall health to be a personal issue addressed individually without burdening others. The women presented a fatalistic view of diabetes, regarding the disease as an inevitable event that destroys health and ultimately results in death. Conclusion Further understanding of the perceptions of health in at-risk populations will aid in developing diabetes prevention programs.
Analisis Faktor-Faktor Yang Mempengaruhi Knowledge Sharing Pada Perguruan Tinggi

Knowledge sharing antara civitas akademika baik dosen maupun mahasiswa perguruan tinggi dipengaruhi oleh beberapa faktor. Penelitian ini dilakukan untuk mengetahui faktor-faktor yang berpengaruh terhadap proses knowledge sharing dalam perguruan tinggi seperti teknologi, budaya dan lainnya. Dengan mengetahui faktor yang mempengaruhi tersebut dapat dilihat faktor yang paling mempengaruhi. Faktor yang paling mempengaruhi proses knowledge sharing akan dianalisis pengaruh positif dan negatifnya sehingga dapat menemukan solusi untuk lebih meningkatkan proses knowledge sharing. Solusi knowledge sharing dapat dijadikan rekomendasi bagi perguruan tinggi untuk meningkatkan kinerja dan efektivitas. Berdasarkan analisis, faktor-faktor yang mempengaruhi knowledge sharing dalam perguruan tinggi dibedakan menjadi tiga faktor yaitu faktor organisasi, individu dan teknologi. Dalam faktor organisasi terdapat dua indikator yaitu budaya organisasi dan insentif/reward. Pada faktor individu terdapat empat indikator yaitu self efficacy, hasil yang diharapkan, senang membantu orang lain dan kaidah timbal balik. Sedangkan untuk faktor teknologi, indikatornya yaitu aplikasi IT. Responden dalam penelitian ini adalah mahasiswa dan dosen STIKOM Bali. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa hampir seluruh mahasiswa STIKOM bali, faktor yang paling mempengaruhi proses knowledge sharing yaitu faktor teknologi. Sedangkan bagi hampir seluruh dosen STIKOM Bali, faktor yang paling mempengaruhi knowledge sharing yaitu faktor individu.
Human haptic perception is interrupted by explorative stops of milliseconds

Introduction: The explorative scanning movements of the hands have been compared to those of the eyes. The visual process is known to be composed of alternating phases of saccadic eye movements and fixation pauses. Descriptive results suggest that during the haptic exploration of objects short movement pauses occur as well. The goal of the present study was to detect these “explorative stops” (ES) during one-handed and two-handed haptic explorations of various objects and patterns, and to measure their duration. Additionally, the associations between the following variables were analyzed: (a) between mean exploration time and duration of ES, (b) between certain stimulus features and ES frequency, and (c) the duration of ES during the course of exploration. Methods: Five different Experiments were used. The first two Experiments were classical recognition tasks of unknown haptic stimuli (A) and of common objects (B). In Experiment C space-position information of angle legs had to be perceived and reproduced. For Experiments D and E the PHANToM haptic device was used for the exploration of virtual (D) and real (E) sunken reliefs. Results: In each Experiment we observed explorative stops of different average durations. For Experiment A: 329.50 ms, Experiment B: 67.47 ms, Experiment C: 189.92 ms, Experiment D: 186.17 ms and Experiment E: 140.02 ms. Significant correlations were observed between exploration time and the duration of the ES. Also, ES occurred more frequently, but not exclusively, at defined stimulus features like corners, curves and the endpoints of lines. However, explorative stops do not occur every time a stimulus feature is explored. Conclusions: We assume that ES are a general aspect of human haptic exploration processes. We have tried to interpret the occurrence and duration of ES with respect to the Hypotheses-Rebuild-Model and the Limited Capacity Control System theory.
Time-varying force tracking in impedance control a case study for automatic cell manipulation

Compared with the general compliance control problem where the manipulator-environment interaction force is often assumed to be a fixed value, a time-varying manipulation force of impedance control is studied upon a newly automatic cell injection system. The position-based impedance control method is deeply discussed, and two new controllers, a nonlinear PID controller for inner-loop position tracking and an adaptive impedance regulator for the outer force control loop, are well talked and introduced. Two conditions for time-varying force tracking in position-based impedance control are preliminarily given, and large amount of simulations are performed to verify the efficacy of the proposed methods in both trajectory and force control.
LMX and work attitudes : is there anything left unsaid or unexamined?

The relationship between LMX and work attitudes has been the focus of numerous LMX studies and meta-analyses. The present chapter attempts a closer look into the “black box” of the LMX – work attitudes relationships and reviews existing research focusing on both direct relationships and boundary conditions and explanatory mechanisms. It also includes a summary of existing theoretical perspectives on LMX and explicitly addresses level-of-analysis issues in the LMX and attitudes research. Future research suggestions and theoretical extensions are discussed.
TRISTAN: Real-time analytics on massive time series using sparse dictionary compression

Large-scale critical infrastructures such as transportation, energy, or water distribution networks are increasingly equipped with smart sensor technologies. Low-latency analytics on the resulting times series would open the door to many exciting opportunities to improve our grasp on complex urban systems. However, sensor-generated time series often turn out to be noisy, non-uniformly sampled, and misaligned in practice, making them ill-suited for traditional data processing. In this paper, we introduce TRISTAN (massive TRIckletS Time series ANalysis), a new data management system for efficient storage and real-time processing of fine-grained time series data. TRISTAN relies on a dedicated, compressed sparse representation of the time series using a dictionary. In contrast to previous approaches, TRISTAN is able to execute most analytics queries on the compressed data directly, and supports efficient and approximate query answering based on the most significant atoms of the dictionary only. We present the overall architecture of our system and discuss its performance on several smarter city datasets, showing that TRISTAN can achieve up to 20:1 compression ratios and 250x speedup compared to a state-of-the-art system.
Unsupervised Resource Creation for Textual Inference Applications

This paper explores how a battery of unsupervised techniques can be used in order to create large, high-quality corpora for textual inference applications, such as systems for recognizing textual entailment (TE) and textual contradiction (TC). We show that it is possible to automatically generate sets of positive and negative instances of textual entailment and contradiction from textual corpora with greater than 90% precision. We describe how we generated more than 1 million TE pairs - and a corresponding set of and 500,000 TC pairs - from the documents found in the 2 GB AQUAINT-2 newswire corpus.
International Conference on Information Fusion ( FUSION ) Tracking Multiple Maneuvering Targets From Possibly Unresolved , Missing or False Measurements

In Daum (1992) it has been very well explained that sensor resolution modeling is crucialfor the tracking ofclosely spaced targets. For non-maneuvering targets appropriate models and tracking approaches have been developed by Chang & Bar-Shalom (1984) and by Koch & Van Keuk (1997). This paper combines their sensor resolution submodels with a descriptor system approach towards tracking two suddenly maneuvering closely spaced targets from measurements that may be false, missing or unresolved. Using this descriptor system formalism, exact Bayesian and approximate filter equations are derived.
A low cost tele-rehabilitation device for training of wrist and finger functions after stroke

There is a need for robotic rehabilitation devices that improve the outcome while reducing the cost of therapy. This paper presents a device for training of supination/pronation, dorsal wrist extension, and finger manipulation after stroke. The system exhibits modularity in terms of the communication architecture and different optional components. User interfaces (UI) can be implemented on different kinds of devices including a Rasperry Pi single-board computer on which a Qt-based graphical UI was run in this instance. Tele-rehabilitation functionality is included using SSL-encrypted RESTful web services on a three-tier architecture. Expensive sensors were omitted in order to have a cost-effective system which is a requirement for home-based rehabilitation. The current-based torque sensing is evaluated by comparing current measurements to force-torque sensor values. After canceling out the static friction, the low error justified the omission of an additional sensor.
Insulin-like Growth Factor Binding Proteins in Human Breast Cancer Tissue 1

Breast tumor cell lines have been shown to secrete at least five dis tinct insulin-like growth factor (IGF) binding proteins (IGFBP), the secretion being related to the estrogen receptor (ER) content. In this study we investigated IGFBP mRNA expression and IGFBP content in relation to ER content in human breast tumors. Tissue specimens from 47 breast cancers were studied. In five cases the adjacent histologically normal tissue was also analyzed. IGFBP content in tissue homogenates was studied by Western ligand blot analysis, using [I2SI| IGF-I as a label, and IGFBP mRNA expression by reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction. The results show that human breast tumors express mRNAs encoding IGFBP-1, IGFBP-2, IGFBP-3, IGFBP-4 and IGFBP-5. The pattern of IGFBPs in different tumors varies. No corre lation exists between ER content and IGFBPs with molecular weights 24,000 Mr, 28,000 Mr, 34,000 Mr or 43,000 Mr, whereas the 49,000 Mr IGFBP was more abundant in ER negative tumors (/' < 0.05). The IGFBP content was significantly (/' < 0.05) higher in five tumors than in their adjacent normal tissues suggesting that increased content of IGFBPs is a feature typically associated with the malignant transfor mation of breast tissue.
Innovation and Inter-firm Linkages: Implications for Policy

This article discusses the implications for competition, innovation and learning of different forms of inter-firm linkage, ways to govern them, different "generic systems" of innovation, and government policy. It employs a transformed theory of transactions that can deal with innovation and learning, and brings in trust next to opportunism. For learning and innovation it takes the resource/competence perspective, supported by a theory of knowledge developed in earlier publications. This theory implies the notion of " external economy of cognitive scope " : people and firms need outside sources of cognition and competence to complement their own. That is the fundamental reason why inter-firm linkages are important, especially for innovation. In order to produce high added value and novelty, by utilizing the opportunities of complementary competencies, firms need to make relation-specific investments which creates risks of " holdup " and " spill-over ". Building on earlier work, the article identifies different instruments for the control of those risks. It identifies two " generic " kinds of innovation systems, in terms of the mix of instruments for relational governance, and discusses their merits and flaws with respect to quality of products, diffusion, incremental and radical innovation. One is close to practices in continental Europe and Japan. Another is close to Anglo-American practice. There is a certain tendency for the first to gravitate to the second. The article warns about the dangers involved, and explores a possible " third way ". 2 Introduction Is there a conflict between competition policy and innovation policy? Or does more competition also yield more innovation? There would be a conflict if it were true that large firms and concentrated markets on the one hand obstruct competition and on the other hand promote innovation. But there is no compelling evidence for either hypothesis. Competition can be fierce among only two firms, and even a single firm can be disciplined by the threat of new entry. Competition policy should therefore be oriented towards entry barriers rather than concentration. The Microsoft case is a good example: it is not criticized for its size or market share but from the suspicion that by bundling its Internet search software to its widely used windows operating software it is limiting competition and entry of new products. An old Schumpeterian issue is whether it is small firms (Schumpeter " mark I ") or large firms (Schumpeter " mark II ") that produce most innovation. …
Ono, a DIY open source platform for social robotics

This paper describes the current status of Ono, an open source social robot that can be made using DIY tools and techniques. We believe that low-cost open source social robots provide advantages that current high-end robots do not have: they are well suited for large-scale studies and they are accessible for students and hobbyists. We describe the main parts of the current prototype: the modules, the frame, the foam and textile cover, and the control box and electronics. We also describe the planned improvements for our next prototype.