Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
NMDA Receptor Blockade Fails to Alter Axonal Injury in Focal Cerebral Ischemia

The ability of the NMDA receptor antagonist, MK-801, to protect myelinated axons after focal cerebral ischemia has been examined. Amyloid precursor protein (APP) immunocytochemistry was used to assess the anatomic extent of axonal injury, and conventional histopathology was used to assess the volume of ischemic damage to neuronal perikarya. The middle cerebral artery was permanently occluded in 16 cats. The cats were treated with either vehicle or MK-801 as a 0.5-mg/kg bolus at 15 minutes before middle cerebral artery occlusion, followed by an infusion of 0.14 mg/kg per hour. After 6 hours, the animals were killed and the brains processed for histology and immunocytochemistry. The volume of neuronal necrosis was determined from 16 preselected coronal levels of the brain. The circumscribed zones of APP accumulation in axons were mapped onto images at the same 16 coronal levels, and quantitative analysis was performed using a transparent counting grid, randomly placed over each image. The histologic appearance and anatomic location of axons with increased APP immunoreactivity was similar in animals treated with vehicle and MK-801. MK-801 failed to reduce the hemispheric APP score significantly. In vehicle-treated animals, there was a significant association between the volume of neuronal necrosis and the amount of APP immunoreactivity. MK-801 significantly reduced the slope of the association between the volume of neuronal necrosis and the amount of APP immunoreactivity compared with that observed in vehicle-treated animals. As a result, the ratio of hemispheric APP score and volume of neuronal necrosis was significantly increased with MK-801 treatment. The inability of NMDA receptor antagonists to protect axons may limit their functional efficacy in improving functional outcome after stroke.
Wearable and Mobile System to Manage Remotely Heart Failure

Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) account for 45% of all deaths in the western world according to the 2004 World Health Organization statistics report. Heart failure (HF), CVD's primary paradigm, mainly affects people older than 65. The European MyHeart Project's mission is to empower citizens to fight CVD by leading a preventative lifestyle and allowing early diagnosis. This paper presents the iterative design and development of the HF management system, part of MyHeart Project. The system daily measures vital body signals to assess HF. The methodology applied herein has involved stakeholders in an iterative process: concept validation, feasibility, efficiency, patients' experience, and patients' acceptance. The final solution allows patient self-management of their chronic condition.
Role of Media: Implication for Application of Urban Storm Water Runoff Bioretention Systems

Bioretention system has been proved to be an effective and low-cost source control technique for decentralized storm water runoff in urbanized areas. However, little information on the feasibility and effectiveness of these systems is available for China, including Shanghai. In this study, five bioretention columns with different sieved (2mm) media mixtures were employed to compare results on storm water runoff infiltration rate and pollutants removal efficiencies. In the columns that packed with media mixtures, the runoff infiltration rate ranged from 0.12 to 1.25×10-5m/s at a fixed 5 cm water head, which significantly improved compared to the control column with native soil only. From start-up to the eighth month, the facilities experienced the lowest and highest temperatures of the operation period in Shanghai and exhibited effective pollutants removals after maturation. For pollutant removal, the result indicated excellent removal for oil/grease (>;98%), total suspended solids (>;95%) and phosphorus (82% to 96%). Heavy metals removal ranged widely (46% to 93%), apparently due to the difference of media mixtures. Both ammonium and nitrate/nitrite were moderate to poorly removed, with removals ranging from 26% to 59% and from-7% to 43%, respectively. Analysis on the fate of nitrogen in bioretention suggests wetting/drying periods ratios was the important factor influencing the removal of nitrogen in bioretention system. Finally, bioretention system design were proposed based on the removal effect of pollutants under conditions of intermittent loadings. These results support the use of bioretention as a stomwater best management practice in Shanghai.
THE GEOARCHIVE: AN INFORMATION FOUNDATION FOR COMMUNITY POLICING

This chapter presents the main concepts of the GeoArchive as an "information foundation for community policing. " Based on the Illinois Criminal Justice Information Authority's experience in developing this innovative idea, many agencies are using a GeoArchive to identify problems and develop strategies for crime prevention and intervention at the neighborhood level. The theory of the GeoArchive and practical suggestions and rules of thumb for developing a GeoArchive are illustrated with examples of how the GeoArchive is being used in current crime prevention strategies.
Heavy Metal Sources Impacts & Removal Technologies

The heavy metals like copper (Cu), zinc (Zn), lead (Pb), mercury (Hg), nickel (Ni), cobalt creates pollution and has become one of the most serious environmental problems today. The treatment of heavy metals is of special concern due to their bigotry and persistence in the environment. In recent years, various methods for heavy metal removal from wastewater have been extensively studied. This paper reviews the methods which have been used to treat heavy metal wastewater and compare these technologies. These technologies include chemical precipitation, ion-exchange, and low-cost adsorbents and their comparison and plant wastes as adsorbents including rice husks, spent grain, sawdust, sugarcane bagasse, fruit wastes, and weeds for heavy metal removal, membrane filtration, coagulation flocculation, flotation and electrochemical methods. Keywords—(Heavy metals, Chemical Precipitation, Coagulation, Flocculation)
MASCA: MAnagement of simultaneous connectivity for applications

Nowadays, wireless technologies and mobile communication networks have been widely used in many public places due to the greater flexibility, reduced wiring cost and improved efficiency when compared to wired alternatives. Particularly, the real time wireless technologies allow users to collect and transmit data in a timely manner and also draw a good attention of them. This transmission does not only involves the web data, but also control messages. Also, it has a high impact on the traditional wireless and mobile communication networks. Thus, one of the most challenge in this research area is the designing of an efficient and robust mobility management. This work aims at developing an application that will manage connections made by mobile devices, providing the user with the ability to map their connections for each application, enabling the simultaneous use of more than one network interface; therefore our solution seeks to increase the flow of data user. Our proposal uses smartphones for the creation of application development, which was developed for Android platforms, in order to contribute to the open source community.
A Handoff Scheme Using Movement Prediction in Radio over Fiber Indoor Network at 60 GHz

In-home networking is becoming a reality. New multimedia applications envisaged for in-home networks require data rates of hundreds of Mbps. In order to provision these applications, wireless networks should provide the user with high speed transmission using short-range Gbps wireless technology. With its unlicensed 5 GHz of spectrum, 60 GHz is envisaged for indoor broadband wireless networks. However, handoff in 60 GHz network occurs with a high rate due to the smaller cell size while using 60 GHz. Thus, the resources in such network vary frequently. So providing QoS guarantees in this network is more difficult than in traditional wireless networks. In this paper, we propose the handoff scheme using movement prediction. The prediction model is based on Hidden Markov Model. The simulation results show that the proposed scheme performs well compared to the two schemes in literature in terms of the call dropping probability and the call blocking probability.
Evidence of In Vivo Absorption of Lactate and Modulation of Short Chain Fatty Acid Absorption from the Reticulorumen of Non-Lactating Cattle Fed High Concentrate Diets

Short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) and lactate are endproducts of rumen fermentation and important energy sources for the host ruminant. Because their rapid accumulation results in ruminal acidosis, enhancement of the absorption of SCFA and lactate across reticuloruminal wall is instrumental in increasing energy supply and preventing ruminal acidosis in cattle. This study investigated whether the reticuloruminal absorption of SCFAs and lactate was altered by different strategies of high concentrate feeding. Eight rumen-cannulated, non-lactating Holstein cows were fed a forage-only diet (baseline) and then gradually adapted over 6 d to a 60% concentrate level. Thereafter, this concentrate-rich diet was fed for 4 wk either continuously (Con; n = 8) or interruptedly (Int; n = 8). Absorption of SCFAs and lactate was determined in vivo from the experimental buffer introduced into the washed reticulorumen. The buffer contained acetate, propionate, butyrate and lactate at a concentration of 60, 30, 10 and 5 mmol/L, respectively and Cr-EDTA as a marker for correcting ruminal water fluxes. The reticuloruminal absorption after 35 and 65 min of buffer incubation was measured at the baseline, after 1 wk of 60% concentrate feeding in the interrupted model (Int-1) and after 4 wk of concentrate feeding in both feeding models (Int-4 and Con-4). Data showed that the absorption rates of individual and total SCFAs during the first 35 min of incubation of Con-4 were highest (~1.7 times compared to baseline), while Int-1 and Int-4 were similar to respective baseline. Lactate was not absorbed during forage-only baseline and 1-wk concentrate feeding, but after 4-wk feeding of concentrates in both models. In conclusion, SCFAs absorption across the reticulorumen of non-lactating cattle was enhanced by the 4-wk continuous concentrate feeding, which seems to be more advantageous in terms of rumen acidosis prevention compared to the interrupted feeding model. The study provides evidence of lactate absorption across the reticulorumen of non-lactating cattle after both continuous and interrupted 4-wk concentrate feeding.
Anti-inflammatory effect of lycopene in SW480 human colorectal cancer cells

BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES Although the antioxidative effects of lycopene are generally known, the molecular mechanisms underlying the anti-inflammatory properties of lycopene are not fully elucidated. This study aimed to examine the role and mechanism of lycopene as an inhibitor of inflammation. METHODS/MATERIALS Lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated SW 480 human colorectal cancer cells were treated with 0, 10, 20, and 30 µM lycopene. The MTT assay was performed to determine the effects of lycopene on cell proliferation. Western blotting was performed to observe the expression of inflammation-related proteins, including nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB), inhibitor kappa B (IκB), mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK), extracellular signal-related kinase (ERK), c-jun NH2-terminal kinase (JNK), and p38 (p38 MAP kinase). Real-time polymerase chain reaction was performed to investigate the mRNA expression of tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α), interleukin-1 beta (IL-1β), interleukin-6 (IL-6), inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2). Concentrations of nitric oxide (NO) and prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) were determined via enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays. RESULTS In cells treated with lycopene and LPS, the mRNA expression of TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6, iNOS, and COX-2 were decreased significantly in a dose-dependent manner (P < 0.05). The concentrations of PGE2 and NO decreased according to the lycopene concentration (P < 0.05). The protein expressions of NF-κB and JNK were decreased significantly according to lycopene concertation (P < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS Lycopene restrains NF-κB and JNK activation, which causes inflammation, and suppresses the expression of TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6, COX-2, and iNOS in SW480 human colorectal cancer cells.
Transitions in Active Rotator Systems: Invariant Hyperbolic Manifold Approach

Our main focus is on a general class of active rotators with mean field interactions, that is globally coupled large families of dynamical systems on the unit circle with non-trivial stochastic dynamics. Each isolated system is a diffusion process on a circle, with drift -delta V', where V' is a periodic function and delta is an intensity parameter. It is well known that the interacting dynamics is accurately described, in the limit of infinitely many interacting components, by a Fokker-Planck PDE and the model reduces for delta=0 to a particular case of the Kuramoto synchronization model, for which one can show the existence of a stable normally hyperbolic manifold of stationary solutions for the corresponding Fokker-Planck equation (we are interested in the case in which this manifold is non-trivial, that happens when the interaction is sufficiently strong, that is in the synchronized regime of the Kuramoto model). We use the robustness of normally hyperbolic structures to infer qualitative and quantitative results on the |delta|< delta0 cases, with delta0 a suitable threshold: as a matter of fact, we obtain an accurate description of the dynamics on the invariant manifold for delta=0 and we link it explicitly to the potential V . This approach allows to have a complete description of the phase diagram of the active rotators model, at least for |delta|< delta0, thus identifying for which values of the parameters (notably, noise intensity and/or coupling strength) the system exhibits periodic pulse waves or stabilizes at a quiescent resting state. Moreover, some of our results are very explicit and this brings a new insight into the combined effect of active rotator dynamics, noise and interaction. The links with the literature on specific systems, notably neuronal models, are discussed in detail.
Further developments of extensive-form replicator dynamics using the sequence-form representation

Replicator dynamics model the interactions and change in large populations of agents. Standard replicator dynamics, however, only allow single action interactions between agents. Complex interactions, as modeled by general extensive games, have received comparatively little attention in this setting. Recently, replicator dynamics have been adapted to extensive-form games represented in sequence form, leading to a large reduction in computational resource requirements. In this paper, we first show that sequence-form constraints and realization equivalence to standard replicator dynamics are maintained in general n-player games. We show that sequence-form replicator dynamics can minimize regret, leading to equilibrium convergence guarantees in two-player zero-sum games. We provide the first empirical evaluation of sequence-form replicator dynamics, applied to n-player Kuhn poker with two, three, and four players. Our results show that the average strategies generated by sequence-form replicator dynamics produce approximate equilibrium strategies with increasing accuracy over time.
An adaptive time-frequency resolution framework for single channel source separation based on non-negative tensor factorization

In this paper, we propose an adaptive time-frequency resolution based single channel sound source separation method using Non-negative Tensor Factorization (NTF). The model aims to alleviate drawbacks of working by fixed length Short Time Fourier Transform (STFT) by minimizing the smearing of signal energy in both time and frequency. A joint optimization scheme has been applied based on KL-divergence where each layer of the tensor represents the mixture at a different resolution. In order to enclose sparseness into factorization, the resynthesis is made through an adaptive weighted fusion procedure which combines the separated sources in a manner that maximizes the energy concentration. Test results reported over a large sound database indicate the introduced NTF based fusion method improves the sound quality both in terms of conventional and perceptual distortion measures.
Enhanced supervised neighborhood preserving embedding for radar target recognition

Recently, the computer vision and pattern recognition community has witnessed the rapid growth of a new kind of dimensionality reduction method, namely manifold learning. Among them, neighborhood preserving embedding (NPE) is one of the most promising techniques, which can be performed in either unsupervised or supervised mode. In this paper, a new dimensionality reduction algorithm, called enhanced supervised neighborhood preserving embedding (ESNPE), is proposed. ESNPE can enhance the local within-class relations by taking into account class label information. Moreover, neighbors are found according to a new distance metric instead of Euclidean distance, aiming for better generalization. Experimental results on radar target recognition with range profiles indicate the superior performance of the proposed method, compared with PCA, NPE and supervised NPE (SNPE).
Tricritical Behavior in Rupture Induced by Disorder

We discover a qualitatively new behavior for systems where the load transfer has limiting stress amplification as in real fiber composites. We find that the disorder is a relevant field leading to tricriticality, separating a first-order regime where rupture occurs without significant precursors from a second-order regime where the macroscopic elastic coefficient exhibits power law behavior. Our results are based on analytical analysis of fiber bundle models and numerical simulations of a two-dimensional tensorial spring-block system in which stick-slip motion and fracture compete. {copyright} {ital 1997} {ital The American Physical Society}
A New Framework for Reasoning about Points, Intervals and Durations

We present a new framework for reasoning about points, intervals and durations--Point Interval Duration Network (PIDN). The PIDN adequately handles both qualitative and quantitaive temporal information. We show that Interval Algebra, Point Algebra, TCSP, PDN and APDN become special cases of PIDN. The underlying algebraic structure of PIDN is closed under composition and intersection. Determinig consistency of P I DN is NP-Ilard. However, we identify some tractable subclasses of PIDN. We show that path consistency is not sufficient to ensure global consistency of the tractable subclasses of PIDN. We identify a subclass for which enforcing 4-consistency suffices to ensure the global consistency, and prove that this subclass is maximal for qualitative constraints. Our approach is based on the geometric interpretation of the domains of temporal objects. Interestingly, the classical Helly's Theorem of 1923 is used to prove the complexity for the tractable subclass.
Integrating Large-Scale Data and RNA Technology to Protect Crops from Fungal Pathogens

With a rapidly growing human population it is expected that plant science researchers and the agricultural community will need to increase food productivity using less arable land. This challenge is complicated by fungal pathogens and diseases, many of which can severely impact crop yield. Current measures to control fungal pathogens are either ineffective or have adverse effects on the agricultural enterprise. Thus, developing new strategies through research innovation to protect plants from pathogenic fungi is necessary to overcome these hurdles. RNA sequencing technologies are increasing our understanding of the underlying genes and gene regulatory networks mediating disease outcomes. The application of invigorating next generation sequencing strategies to study plant–pathogen interactions has and will provide unprecedented insight into the complex patterns of gene activity responsible for crop protection. However, questions remain about how biological processes in both the pathogen and the host are specified in space directly at the site of infection and over the infection period. The integration of cutting edge molecular and computational tools will provide plant scientists with the arsenal required to identify genes and molecules that play a role in plant protection. Large scale RNA sequence data can then be used to protect plants by targeting genes essential for pathogen viability in the production of stably transformed lines expressing RNA interference molecules, or through foliar applications of double stranded RNA.
Wake of color fileds in charged N = 4 SYM plasmas

The dissipative dynamics of a heavy quark passing through charged thermal plasmas of strongly coupled N = 4 super Yang-Mills theory is studied using AdS/CFT. We compute the linear response of the dilaton field to a test string in the rotating near-extremal D3 brane background, finding the momentum space profile of 〈trF 2〉 numerically. Our results naively support the wake picture discussed in hep-th/0605292, provided the rotation parameter is not too large. June 2006 ∗gaoyh@itp.ac. cn, wsxu@itp.ac. cn, and dfzeng@itp.ac. cn
The Brain, Explained: A Comprehensive Theory of Brain Function

Understanding brain function is one of the most important problems in human history. At present, there is no concrete theory for how the brain works. Here, a theory is presented that provides a detailed mechanistic biological account of the brain’s capacities, including motor control, functional states, language, and thinking. Brain function is managed by a well-defined response (R) process that is generally similar to the process underlying the immune system. The R process is strongly reflected in the brain’s anatomy, physiology, and external interactions. Different R process stages are supported by distinct excitatory networks located in different cortical layers, hippocampal fields, and bagal ganglia paths, by distinct coordination networks comprised of GABAergic interneurons, and by distinct molecular agents. The roles of norepinephrine, serotonin, dopamine and acetylcholine is to promote the alert, planning, goal-setting and execution R process modes, respectively. Opioids and oxytocin promote termination by success, failure, fight or run, while glucocorticoids and cannabinoids suppress acute responses to protect cells. The R process has two instances occurring at different time scales. The millisecondscale Quax process implements the execution of hierarchical sequences of movements and thoughts, in which the selection of the next action is determined via interaction between top-down predictions and sensory inputs. The slower Need process controls the satisfaction of internal and external needs. The theory differs from the existing standard accounts in many of the major topics (e.g., the basal ganglia, dopamine, language), and shows how cognition results from biological processes.