Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
SAMHD1 prevents autoimmunity by maintaining genome stability

Objectives The HIV restriction factor, SAMHD1 (SAM domain and HD domain-containing protein 1), is a triphosphohydrolase that degrades deoxyribonucleoside triphosphates (dNTPs). Mutations in SAMHD1 cause Aicardi–Goutières syndrome (AGS), an inflammatory disorder that shares phenotypic similarity with systemic lupus erythematosus, including activation of antiviral type 1 interferon (IFN). To further define the pathomechanisms underlying autoimmunity in AGS due to SAMHD1 mutations, we investigated the physiological properties of SAMHD1. Methods Primary patient fibroblasts were examined for dNTP levels, proliferation, senescence, cell cycle progression and DNA damage. Genome-wide transcriptional profiles were generated by RNA sequencing. Interaction of SAMHD1 with cyclin A was assessed by coimmunoprecipitation and fluorescence cross-correlation spectroscopy. Cell cycle-dependent phosphorylation of SAMHD1 was examined in synchronised HeLa cells and using recombinant SAMHD1. SAMHD1 was knocked down by RNA interference. Results We show that increased dNTP pools due to SAMHD1 deficiency cause genome instability in fibroblasts of patients with AGS. Constitutive DNA damage signalling is associated with cell cycle delay, cellular senescence, and upregulation of IFN-stimulated genes. SAMHD1 is phosphorylated by cyclin A/cyclin-dependent kinase 1 in a cell cycle-dependent manner, and its level fluctuates during the cell cycle, with the lowest levels observed in G1/S phase. Knockdown of SAMHD1 by RNA interference recapitulates activation of DNA damage signalling and type 1 IFN activation. Conclusions SAMHD1 is required for genome integrity by maintaining balanced dNTP pools. dNTP imbalances due to SAMHD1 deficiency cause DNA damage, leading to intrinsic activation of IFN signalling. These findings establish a novel link between DNA damage signalling and innate immune activation in the pathogenesis of autoimmunity.
Physical and Chemical Charateristics of Milk. Variation due to Microwave Radiation

The purpose of this paper was to see what effects microwaves have on the physical-chemical composition of the raw milk. The results showed that the averages of fat, protein, dry substance and lactose concentrations decreased during the microwave exposure while the density averages increased. This variation was characterized by the critical time moment of 31.71 s, corresponding to the moment when a milk sample exposed to the microwaves action undergoes the first more significant alteration of its physical-chemical composition. (doi: 10.5562/cca1785)
The em Algorithm for Kernel Matrix Completion with Auxiliary Data

In biological data, it is often the case that observed data are available only for a subset of samples. When a kernel matrix is derived from such data, we have to leave the entries for unavailable samples as missing. In this paper, the missing entries are completed by exploiting an auxiliary kernel matrix derived from another information source. The parametric model of kernel matrices is created as a set of spectral variants of the auxiliary kernel matrix, and the missing entries are estimated by ﬁtting this model to the existing entries. For model ﬁtting, we adopt the em algorithm (distinguished from the EM algorithm of Dempster et al., 1977) based on the information geometry of positive deﬁnite matrices. We will report promising results on bacteria clustering experiments using two marker sequences: 16S and gyrB
The drafting of the European Union Charter of Fundamental Rights

In this article, the unusual process by which the E.U. Charter of Fundamental Rights was drafted is examined. While the process, on the one hand, exemplified the ambivalent and often contradictory nature of European Union constitutional development, on the other hand it also suggests interesting possibilities in terms of new and future forms of constitution-building in Europe. Despite the profound differences of view about the aim, scope and nature of the Charter-drafting process even amongst the central actors involved in the drafting, and despite the ongoing ambivalence about the role and significance of fundamental and human rights in European Union law, the experimental, relatively deliberative and open nature of the process contrasts quite sharply and favourably with the traditional State-dominated and secretive IGC bargaining process.
A visual compass based on SLAM

Accurate full 3 axis orientation is computed using a low cost calibrated camera. We present a simultaneous sensor location and mapping method that uses a purely rotating camera as sensor and distant points, ideally at infinity, as features. A smooth constant angular velocity pure rotation motion model codifies the camera location. Because of the sequential EKF approach used, and the number of features in the map, about a hundred, the proposed method has been implemented in real time at standard video rates. Experimental results with real images show that the system is able to close loops with 360deg pan and 360deg cyclotorsion rotations. Sequences show good performance under challenging conditions: hand-held camera, varying natural outdoor illumination, low cost camera and lens and people moving in the scene
The Most Advantageous Bangla Keyboard Layout Using Data Mining Technique

Bangla alphabet has a large number of letters, for this it is complicated to type faster using Bangla keyboard. The proposed keyboard will maximize the speed of operator as they can type with both hands parallel. Association rule of data mining to distribute the Bangla characters in the keyboard is used here. The frequencies of data consisting of monograph, digraph and trigraph are analyzed, which are derived from data ire-house, and then used association rule of data mining to distribute the Bangla characters in the layout. ow the effectiveness of the proposed approach with better l Bangla Keyboard Layout, which distributes the load equally on both hands so that maximizing the ease and minimizing the effort. Monograph, digraph, trigrap itching, support, confidence. mputer is increasing rapidly. It is the fastest growing industry in the world. New invention of technologies makes it faster. The billions of instructions can be done within a second now a days. But the technology of input device like keyboard has not been changed much. The typing speed is very slow in respect of computer’s other devices. Its main mplex and insufficient keyb an limitations [8-9]. A scientific t with equal hands load and maximum hand switching can reduce this problem. The use of Bangla is increasing day by day in everyday life. Specially in data entry and printing sector. But there is no scientific Bangla keyboard layout at present and very few research works have been done in this field. We use the concept of data mining association rule to design Bangla keyboard layout that shows optimal and better performance than the existing keyboard layout. design a Bangla keyboard layout using the association rule of data mining. We have collected the data from various Bangla documents and we have used the association rule to extract the association of Bangla letters each other. And finally we have designed a Bangla keyboard layout with equal hands load and maximum hand switching.
Suppression of harmaline‐induced tremor in rats by vagus nerve stimulation

We studied whether vagus nerve stimulation could suppress tremor in the harmaline tremor model in the rat. Animals were chronically implanted with helical leads around the left vagus nerve and a disk‐shaped electrode positioned subcutaneously in the dorsal neck. Harmaline‐induced tremor was recorded on a physiograph while each animal received a sequence of five 20‐minute trials. Each trial consisted of five minutes of pre‐stimulation baseline, five minutes of vagus nerve stimulation, and ten minutes of post‐stimulation. Vagus nerve stimulation significantly suppressed harmaline‐induced tremor. The suppressive effect was present within the first minute of stimulation and was reproducible across the five trials of the study. The results of this study suggest that the central generator or expression of tremor in the harmaline animal model can be suppressed by vagus nerve stimulation. Mov. Disord. 16:84–88, 2001. © 2001 Movement Disorder Society.
On spatio-temporal Tomlinson Harashima Precoding in IIR channels: MMSE solution, properties, and fast computation

We consider spatio-temporal Tomlinson Harashima Precoding where the feedforward filter is located at the transmitter and an additional scalar gain is employed as receive filter. In contrast to other works, we allow channel, feedforward, and feedbackward filters to have one-sided but infinite impulse responses. The optimal filters with respect to a minimum mean square error criterion are derived. We elaborate several interesting properties of our solution and discuss a fast implementation with only quadratic complexity in the latency time.
The prevalence of hepatitis C virus infection in the United States, 1988 through 1994.

BACKGROUND Because many persons with chronic hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection are asymptomatic, population-based serologic studies are needed to estimate the prevalence of the infection and to develop and evaluate prevention efforts. METHODS We performed tests for antibody to HCV (anti-HCV) on serum samples from 21,241 persons six years old or older who participated in the third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, conducted during 1988 through 1994. We determined the prevalence of HCV RNA by means of nucleic acid amplification and the genotype by means of sequencing. RESULTS The overall prevalence of anti-HCV was 1.8 percent, corresponding to an estimated 3.9 million persons nationwide (95 percent confidence interval, 3.1 million to 4.8 million) with HCV infection. Sixty-five percent of the persons with HCV infection were 30 to 49 years old. Seventy-four percent were positive for HCV RNA, indicating that an estimated 2.7 million persons in the United States (95 percent confidence interval, 2.4 million to 3.0 million) were chronically infected, of whom 73.7 percent were infected with genotype 1 (56.7 percent with genotype 1a, and 17.0 percent with genotype 1b). Among subjects 17 to 59 years of age, the strongest factors independently associated with HCV infection were illegal drug use and high-risk sexual behavior. Other factors independently associated with infection included poverty, having had 12 or fewer years of education, and having been divorced or separated. Neither sex nor racial-ethnic group was independently associated with HCV infection. CONCLUSIONS In the United States, about 2.7 million persons are chronically infected with HCV. People who use illegal drugs or engage in high-risk sexual behavior account for most persons with HCV infection.
Convex NMF on Non-Convex Massiv Data

We present an extension of convex-hull non-negative matrix factorization (CH-NMF) which was recently proposed as a large scale variant of convex non-negative matrix factorization (C-NMF) or Archetypal Analysis (AA). CH-NMF factorizes a non-negative data matrix V into two non-negative matrix factors V ≈ WH such that the columns of W are convex combinations of certain data points so that they are readily interpretable to data analysts. There is, however, no free lunch: imposing convexity constraints on W typically prevents adaptation to intrinsic, low dimensional structures in the data. Alas, in cases where the data is distributed in a non-convex manner or consists of mixtures of lower dimensional convex distributions, the cluster representatives obtained from CH-NMF will be less meaningful. In this paper, we present a hierarchical CH-NMF that automatically adapts to internal structures of a dataset, hence it yields meaningful and interpretable clusters for non-convex datasets. This is also conformed by our extensive evaluation on DBLP publication records of 760,000 authors, 4,000,000 images harvested from the web, and 150,000,000 votes on World of Warcraft guilds.
Computerized experience sampling in the car: issues and challenges

User Experience (UX) studies in the automotive context are essential for a good interaction design in the car. But there is a lack of appropriate methods to investigate the user's experience in-situ in a natural setting. In this paper we introduce computerized experience sampling in the car. We present an ESM tool based on the OBD-II interface of a car in combination with an android smartphone and describe issues and challenges we experienced while applying our tool in an initial UX study.
Risk of recurrence of cerebral venous and sinus thrombosis during subsequent pregnancy and puerperium

Objective: To assess the risk of recurrence of cerebral venous and sinus thrombosis (CVST) during subsequent pregnancy and puerperium in women with previous cerebral venous occlusive disease. Methods: The authors retrospectively studied the relapse rate of CVST and the incidence of extracerebral venous thrombosis during subsequent pregnancies in 39 women (from 125 patients with CVST) who suffered a CVST at childbearing age. Results: Mean follow up was 10.25 years (range 1 to 20). Twenty two pregnancies and 19 births were observed in 14 women without evidence of either recurrence of CVST or extracerebral venous thrombosis. One pregnancy occurred during oral anticoagulation and was interrupted and two pregnancies ended with spontaneous abortions. Low dose heparin had been given during five pregnancies. Conclusions: The risk of recurrence for CVST during pregnancy seems to be low and these data do not justify a negative advice on pregnancy in women with previous CVST. Further studies are needed to evaluate the need for a prophylactic anticoagulation during pregnancy and puerperium.
Late relapses following reduced intensity allogeneic transplantation in patients with multiple myeloma: a long‐term follow‐up study

We analysed the long‐term outcomes of 60 multiple myeloma patients who underwent reduced intensity allogeneic stem cell transplantation between August 2000 and March 2008. Regimens included fludarabine and melphalan conditioning (flu‐mel regimen) for allogeneic haematopoietic cell transplant (HCT) or a planned tandem regimen consisting of high‐dose melphalan conditioning for autograft followed by low‐dose total body irradiation conditioning for allogeneic HCT (auto‐allo regimen). Donors included human‐leucocyte‐antigen‐matched siblings (n = 55) or matched unrelated donors (n = 5). With a median follow‐up of 9·8 years, 7‐year overall survival (OS) and progression‐free survival (PFS) were 60% and 31%, respectively. By multivariate Cox regression analysis, disease status of complete response (CR) or partial response (PR) at transplant and the presence of chronic graft‐versus‐host disease were significantly associated with improved OS. Only disease status was significantly associated with improved PFS. We noted a surprising number of very late relapses, with six patients (10%) relapsing between 6 and 12 years post‐transplant. Among the six late relapse patients, all were transplanted within 14 months of diagnosis, five had normal karyotypes, and five were in CR/PR. Our data provide additional evidence that, while survival may be extended by reduced intensity allogeneic transplant, ultimately, it may not offer a cure.
Describing instruction set processors using nML

Programmable processors offer a high degree of flexibility and are therefore increasingly being used in embedded systems. We introduce the formalism nML which is especially suited to describe such processors in terms of their instruction set, an nML description is directly related to the standard description as found in the usual programmer's manuals. The nML formalism is based on a mixed structural and behavioural model facilitating exact yet concise descriptions. The philosophy of nML is already applied in two approaches to retargetable code generation and instruction set simulation. <<ETX>>
Prevalence of Anemia in Latin America and the Caribbean

Background: In Latin America and the Caribbean, anemia has been a public health problem that affects mainly women of childbearing age and children under 6 years of age. However, the current prevalence of anemia in this region is unknown. Objective: To examine the latest available prevalence data on anemia in Latin America and the Caribbean. Methods: A systematic review was conducted in 2011 and updated in 2014. Studies determining the prevalence of anemia conducted in apparently healthy populations with national or regional representativeness were included in the review. Results: The lowest prevalence rates of anemia among children under 6 years of age were found in Chile (4.0%), Costa Rica (4.0%), Argentina (7.6%), and Mexico (19.9%). In Nicaragua, Brazil, Ecuador, El Panama, and Honduras, anemia was a moderate public health problem, with prevalence ranging Salvador, Cuba, Colombia, the Dominican Republic, Peru, from 20.1% to 37.3%. Anemia was a severe public health problem in Guatemala, Haiti, and Bolivia. The prevalence of anemia among women of childbearing age was lowest in Chile (5.1%). In Colombia, El Salvador, Costa Rica, Nicaragua, Ecuador, Mexico, Peru, Honduras, and Argentina, anemia was a mild public health problem, with prevalence ranging from 7.6% to 18.7%. In Guatemala, Brazil, the Dominican Republic, and Bolivia, anemia was a moderate public health problem, with prevalence ranging from 21.4% to 38.3%. Panama and Haiti had the highest reported prevalence rates (40.0% and 45.5%, respectively), and anemia was considered a severe public health problem in those countries. Conclusions: Anemia remains a public health problem in children under 6 years of age and women of childbearing age in most Latin America and Caribbean countries for which data are available.
Hard Threshold Least Mean Squares Algorithm

This work presents a new variation of the commonly used Least Mean Squares Algorithm (LMS) for the identification of sparse signals with an a-priori known sparsity using a hard threshold operator in every iteration. It examines some useful properties of the algorithm and compares it with the traditional LMS and other sparsity aware variations of the same algorithm. It goes on to examine the application of the algorithm in the problem of spectrum estimation for cognitive radio devices.
ECG identification of arrhythmias by using an associative Petri net

Changes in the normal rhythm of a human heart may result in different cardiac arrhythmias, which may be immediately fatal or cause irreparable damage to the heart sustained over long periods of time. Therefore, the ability to automatically identify arrhythmias from ECG recordings is important for clinical diagnosis and treatment. In this study, classifier by using associative Petri net for personalized ECG arrhythmias pattern identification is proposed. Association production rules and reasoning algorithm of APN are created for ECG arrhythmias detection. The performance of our approach compares well with previously reported results and could be a part of monitoring system for the detection of ECG arrhythmias.
Culturally Responsive Teaching

Barely three-quarters of all high school students are graduating from high school in the United States. This has summoned a call for culturally re sponsive teaching! Included in an examination of t he development of cultural awareness into state driven curriculums is the look at how leaders in educatio n can foster success for a culture that often goes unnoti ced: the culture of the learning disabled! The lea rning disabled student often goes undetected after years of struggling to learn, including frustration with state adapted curriculum geared for students with average capabilities. Leaders in education MUST understand the process that allows learning disabled students to qualify for special education and develop strate gies and techniques to address those students that often dro p out of school because of a lack of culturally res ponsive
Collimator design in SPECT, an optimisation tool

Traditional gamma camera collimators have been based on a standard parallel design, usually with parallel holes. The collimator determines the resolution of the camera, but is also the determining factor of the number of counts detected. The uncertainty about the origin of the detected photons is modelled by a Point Spread Function (PSF), which, in literature, is normally assumed to be a Gaussian function, whose full width at half maximum (FWHM), is determined by the collimator's aperture. In this paper, these traditional assumptions will be abandoned. From related work [6] it appears possible to improve resolution recovery based reconstruction by considering different shapes of PSF. A novel collimator geometry has been then proposed, that does not imply necessarily parallel holes, but could involve a polygonal shape of the septa. To model the geometrical and septal penetration component of the point source response function a ray-tracing algorithm has been coded. In addition we developed an optimisation method that, given a target PSF, determines the optimum collimator geometry using a genetic algorithm.
Contribution of the Atm Protein to Maintaining Cellular Homeostasis Evidenced by Continuous Activation of the AP-1 Pathway in Atm-deficient Brains*

Maintenance of genome stability is essential for keeping cellular homeostasis. The DNA damage response is a central component in maintaining genome integrity. Among of the most cytotoxic DNA lesions are double strand breaks (DSBs) caused by ionizing radiation or radiomimetic chemicals. ATM is missing or inactivated in patients with ataxia-telangiectasia. Ataxia-telangiectasia patients display a pleiotropic phenotype and suffer primarily from progressive ataxia caused by degeneration of cerebellar Purkinje and granule neurons. Additional features are immunodeficiency, genomic instability, radiation sensitivity, and cancer predisposition. Disruption of the mouse Atm locus creates a murine model of ataxia-telangiectasia that exhibits most of the clinical features of the human disease but very mild neuronal abnormality. The ATM protein is a multifunctional protein kinase, which serves as a master regulator of cellular responses to DSBs. There is growing evidence that ATM may be involved in addition to the DSB response in other processes that maintain processes in cellular homeostasis. For example, mounting evidence points to increased oxidative stress in the absence of ATM. Here we report that the AP-1 pathway is constantly active in the brains of Atm-deficient mice not treated with DNA damaging agents. A canonical activation (increased phosphorylation of mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase-4, c-Jun N-terminal kinase, and c-Jun) of the AP-1 pathway was found in Atm-deficient cerebra, whereas induction of the AP-1 pathway in Atm-deficient cerebella is likely to mediate elevated expression of c-Fos and c-Jun. Although Atm+/+ mice are capable of responding to ionizing radiation by activating stress responses such as the AP-1 pathway, Atm-deficient mice display higher basal AP-1 activity but gradually lose their ability to activate AP-1 DNA-binding activity in response to ionizing radiation. Our results further demonstrate that inactivation of the ATM gene results in a state of constant stress.