Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Accumulation of an Antidepressant in Vesiculogenic Membranes of Yeast Cells Triggers Autophagy

Many antidepressants are cationic amphipaths, which spontaneously accumulate in natural or reconstituted membranes in the absence of their specific protein targets. However, the clinical relevance of cellular membrane accumulation by antidepressants in the human brain is unknown and hotly debated. Here we take a novel, evolutionarily informed approach to studying the effects of the selective-serotonin reuptake inhibitor sertraline/Zoloft® on cell physiology in the model eukaryote Saccharomyces cerevisiae (budding yeast), which lacks a serotonin transporter entirely. We biochemically and pharmacologically characterized cellular uptake and subcellular distribution of radiolabeled sertraline, and in parallel performed a quantitative ultrastructural analysis of organellar membrane homeostasis in untreated vs. sertraline-treated cells. These experiments have revealed that sertraline enters yeast cells and then reshapes vesiculogenic membranes by a complex process. Internalization of the neutral species proceeds by simple diffusion, is accelerated by proton motive forces generated by the vacuolar H+-ATPase, but is counteracted by energy-dependent xenobiotic efflux pumps. At equilibrium, a small fraction (10–15%) of reprotonated sertraline is soluble while the bulk (90–85%) partitions into organellar membranes by adsorption to interfacial anionic sites or by intercalation into the hydrophobic phase of the bilayer. Asymmetric accumulation of sertraline in vesiculogenic membranes leads to local membrane curvature stresses that trigger an adaptive autophagic response. In mutants with altered clathrin function, this adaptive response is associated with increased lipid droplet formation. Our data not only support the notion of a serotonin transporter-independent component of antidepressant function, but also enable a conceptual framework for characterizing the physiological states associated with chronic but not acute antidepressant administration in a model eukaryote.
Results Not Typical: One Latino Family's Experiences in Higher Education

In this narrative, five adult siblings bring their voices together to tell the stories of their interwoven college experiences—how they influenced, supported, and relied on one another and other family members. As the stories unfold, they reveal the strengths of the familial ties that provide meaning and purpose to the college experience, the considerations that drive college enrollment choices, the pain of confrontational and unsupportive college environments, and the joys of success and self-discovery. By linking their stories in this essay, the grown children of the Jimenez family paint a portrait of the centrality of tradition, culture, and family in their atypical success story.
ORAL HABITS IN CHILDREN

NFANT TODDLER ORAL HEALTH: What are oral habits? Many children devleop oral habits. Oral habits can include: thumb or finger sucking, pacifier sucking. 7 of children were reported to have some type of oral habit the most prevalent were finger. Most prevalent oral habits among toddlers, while during.Some children even display oral habits for release of mental tension. These habits might be non-nutritive sucking thumb, finger, pacifier andor tongue, lip.The American Academy of Pediatric Dentistry AAPD recognizes that an infants. Be affected by oral habits and encourages health practitioners to take an.oral habits nail biting, finger sucking among the pre-elementary children in Bitola.
Interactive Image Segmentation Using Adaptive Constraint Propagation

In this paper, we propose interactive image segmentation using adaptive constraint propagation (ACP), called ACP Cut. In interactive image segmentation, the interactive inputs provided by users play an important role in guiding image segmentation. However, these simple inputs often cause bias that leads to failure in preserving object boundaries. To effectively use this limited interactive information, we employ ACP for semisupervised kernel matrix learning which adaptively propagates the interactive information into the whole image, while successfully keeping the original data coherence. Moreover, ACP Cut adopts seed propagation to achieve discriminative structure learning and reduce the computational complexity. Experimental results demonstrate that the ACP Cut extracts foreground objects successfully from the background and outperforms the state-of-the-art methods for interactive image segmentation in terms of both effectiveness and efficiency.
From Talk to Thought

In a sample of Pacific Island families living in New Zealand (N = 45), this study tested the relation between caregivers’ strength of ethnic identity and their use of desire, cognitive, and emotion language with their toddlers during a picture description task at 15, 20, 26, 33, and 39 months. Using multi-level growth modeling, caregivers’ strength of ethnic identity predicted the change trajectories of caregivers’ mental state talk over and above the effects of education levels, and these individual estimates were predictive of their children’s performance on an emotion situation and knowledge access tasks at 39 months. We discuss the results in the light of theories regarding the role of culture and mental state language socialization of young children.
Dual polarization microstrip patch array antenna for WLAN application

This paper present design of array antenna of the type inset-fed microstrip patch antenna oriented at 45° and −45°. The antennas are capable to generate dual-polarization radiation pattern oriented at desired locations. The designs were simulated Microwave Studio CST. These antennas were fabricated on FR4 board (ε<inf>r</inf>=4.9, tan σ =0.019 and thickness =1.6mm). The simulation and measurement results were compared. The designs of 1×2, 1×4 and 2×2 array antennas yield a bandwidth of 4.5%, return loss ≤10dB. The gain of the single element antenna almost 4.21 dBi, and the gain of 1×2 arrays is 5.33 dBi. By designing more patches, the enhancement of gain achieved were 8.734 dBi and 7.944 dBi, respectively.
On higher rank graph C ∗ -algebras

Given a row-finite k-graph Λ with no sources we investigate the K-theory of the higher rank graph C *-algebra, C * (Λ). When k = 2 we are able to give explicit formulae to calculate the K-groups of C * (Λ). The K-groups of C * (Λ) for k > 2 can be calculated under certain circumstances. We state that for all k, the torsion-free rank of K 0 (C * (Λ)) and K 1 (C * (Λ)) are equal when C * (Λ) is unital, and we determine the position of the class of the unit of C * (Λ) in K 0 (C * (Λ)).
The Liability of Good Reputation: A Study of Product Recalls in the U.S. Automobile Industry

In this paper, we explore opposing theoretical claims about how organizational reputation affects market reactions to product defects. On the one hand, good reputation could be a disadvantage because expectations about product quality are more likely to be violated by defects in highly reputed products. On the other hand, a good reputation could be an advantage because of strong inertial effects on reputation orderings. We empirically test these competing hypotheses using data on product recalls in the U.S. automobile industry from 1975 to 1999. Our results support for the idea that reputation can be an organizational liability in that highly reputed firms suffer more market penalty as a result of their product recalls. We also propose that the reputational effects are moderated by two important factors: substitutability and generalism/specialism. Our results show that having few substitutes with an equivalent level of reputation, or a focused product identity stemming from specialism, buffers the negative market reactions to product recalls. We conclude with a discussion on the implications of these results for institutional, reputation, and status theories.
Cognitive-behavioural therapy for psychosis: Implications for the way that psychosis is managed within community mental health teams

An expanding literature into cognitive-behavioural therapy (CBT) for psychosis is broadening the options for serving these individuals in their communities. This does, however, pose a number of challenges for the community team, to the extent that some have suggested that this role should be reserved for specialist services: At the level of individual staff members, training and supervision needs must be satisfied, while nurturing new attitudes towards the work they undertake with their clients; on a broader level, organisational changes are necessary to modify the distribution of cases across team members, and to re-think the format and timing of intervention. This article seeks to identify the challenges of developing CBT for psychosis within generic teams, and considers how these may be met
How designers work - making sense of authentic cognitive activities

In recent years, the growing scientific interest in design has led to great advances in our knowledge of authentic design processes. However, as these findings go counter to the existing theories in both design research and cognitive science, they pose a serious challenge for both disciplines: there is a wide gap between what the existing theories predict and what designers actually do. At the same time, there is a growing movement of research on authentic cognitive activities, which has among other things documented the central roles of action and the physical environment in these activities, something that existing cognitive theories have overlooked and cannot properly account for. This creates an explanatory gap analogous to the one found in design. This book aims to fill both of these gaps with a cognitive theory of how designers work. It revolves around the roles of physical activities and working materials in design, and the theory explains at length how these have functions that are essential to cognition. The two threads of design and cognition run in parallel throughout the book: the cognitive theory is applied to design, but is also consistently related to cognition in general. The result is, in back cover text parlance, a 'provocative' account of cognition and human performance, which should be of interest to cognitive scientists as well as to design researchers. (Less)
Lost! Leveraging the Crowd for Probabilistic Visual Self-Localization

In this paper we propose an affordable solution to self-localization, which utilizes visual odometry and road maps as the only inputs. To this end, we present a probabilistic model as well as an efficient approximate inference algorithm, which is able to utilize distributed computation to meet the real-time requirements of autonomous systems. Because of the probabilistic nature of the model we are able to cope with uncertainty due to noisy visual odometry and inherent ambiguities in the map (e.g., in a Manhattan world). By exploiting freely available, community developed maps and visual odometry measurements, we are able to localize a vehicle up to 3m after only a few seconds of driving on maps which contain more than 2,150km of drivable roads.
Cross- and Co-Packaging of Retroviral RNAs and Their Consequences

Retroviruses belong to the family Retroviridae and are ribonucleoprotein (RNP) particles that contain a dimeric RNA genome. Retroviral particle assembly is a complex process, and how the virus is able to recognize and specifically capture the genomic RNA (gRNA) among millions of other cellular and spliced retroviral RNAs has been the subject of extensive investigation over the last two decades. The specificity towards RNA packaging requires higher order interactions of the retroviral gRNA with the structural Gag proteins. Moreover, several retroviruses have been shown to have the ability to cross-/co-package gRNA from other retroviruses, despite little sequence homology. This review will compare the determinants of gRNA encapsidation among different retroviruses, followed by an examination of our current understanding of the interaction between diverse viral genomes and heterologous proteins, leading to their cross-/co-packaging. Retroviruses are well-known serious animal and human pathogens, and such a cross-/co-packaging phenomenon could result in the generation of novel viral variants with unknown pathogenic potential. At the same time, however, an enhanced understanding of the molecular mechanisms involved in these specific interactions makes retroviruses an attractive target for anti-viral drugs, vaccines, and vectors for human gene therapy.
Interaction Rules and Strategies in Psychotherapy.

To examine the presence of interaction rules and strategies used in therapy, the verbal responses of therapists and clients in 26 actual psychotherapy cases were coded using the Interpersonal Communication Rating Scale (ICRS; S. R. Strong, H. Hills, C. Kilmartin, et al., 1988). The conditional response probabilities of these ICRS codes were examined from a rules and strategies perspective according to procedures suggested by S. Duncan (1983). The results supported the presence for rules for both the client and the therapist, and these rules were found to involve complementary interactions. No support was found for the presence of strategies in the interactive behavior of either participant. Finally, there was no relation between the presence of rules and session evaluation. The results are discussed with respect to the definition of rules in counseling and the concept of complementarity.
Spectrum Sensing of OFDMA Systems for Cognitive Radio Networks

To fully exploit wireless radio resource and, thus, increase spectrum efficiency, cognitive radios shall sense wireless environments and identify interference to allow opportunistic transmissions for secondary systems. Based on Chen in their work about a terminal architecture for cognitive radio networks, by further obtaining transmission information with a rate-distance nature that is extended from an overlay concept, secondary systems can even leverage busy duration of primary systems to enhance the opportunity to use spectrum under derived tolerable interference to the primary orthogonal frequency-division multiple access (OFDMA) system. Our proposed novel multistate (i.e., existence, activity, and data transmission rate) spectrum sensing can thus effectively acquire a set of cognitive information for OFDMA mobile communication systems under a general system model. Through the received signal strength indicator (RSSI), fundamental symbol rate, cyclic property of the OFDMA signal, and the control and management signal, we can precisely determine the existence and activity of the primary (OFDMA) system within a subband via Neyman-Pearson (NP) criterion. With a priori knowledge of the frame structure of potential primary systems, communication parameters, including data transmission rate and resource allocation state, can be extracted by analyzing the frame header. Through appropriate parametric adjustments, our sensing procedure can be extended to state-of-the-art OFDMA systems.
In Vitro Calcification of Immature Bovine Articular Cartilage

Introduction: The zone of calcified cartilage (ZCC) anchors articular cartilage (AC) to subchondral bone through a layer of intermediate stiffness. The regulation and functional consequences of cartilage calcification may vary with depth from the articular surface. The hypothesis of this study was that the in vitro calcification of immature AC occurs selectively in the deep region and is associated with a local increase in stiffness. Methods: AC and growth plate cartilage (GPC) from calves were incubated in DMEM, 1% fetal bovine serum, 100 µg/mL ascorbate, and ±10 mM β-glycerophosphate (βGP) for up to 3 weeks. To assess the time course and effects of cell viability and βGP, full-depth strips of AC and GPC were analyzed by histology, indentation, and 45Ca++ uptake. To assess the effect of tissue zone, disks harvested from surface and deep zone AC and from reserve and hypertrophic zone of GPC were incubated independently and analyzed by compression and for 45Ca++ uptake and biochemical components. Results: The deep ~20% of immature AC calcified within 3 weeks, with calcification dependent on cell viability and βGP. Mineral was deposited continuously around cells in AC but only between cell columns in GPC. The deep zone of AC exhibited a compressive modulus of 0.53 MPa after βGP-induced calcification, ~4-fold stiffer than AC incubated without βGP. Conclusions: Cartilage explants exhibit inherent zone-specific calcification processes, resulting in an increase in stiffness associated with cartilage calcification. Such properties may be useful for engineering a biomimetic ZCC tissue to integrate cartilaginous tissue to bone, thereby forming a mechanically functional osteochondral unit.
Analysis and Implementation of a High Efficiency, Interleaved Current-Fed Full Bridge Converter for Fuel Cell System

An interleaved current-fed full bridge (ICFFB) dc-dc converter is proposed in this paper that has low input current ripple to meet the fuel cell demands. By interleaving two isolated CFFB converters with parallel input and series output connection, both input current ripple and output voltage ripple can be reduced. In addition, the size of the magnetic components and current stress of the semiconductor devices on the input side are also reduced. Similarly, smaller voltage rating components can be used on the output side. Only one digital signal processor microcontroller is used to generate phase-shifted gate signals and to implement a cascaded digital control system. The main features of the proposed converter are high efficiency, small passive component size, and small input current ripple. Experimental results for a 1.2-kW interleaved CFFB converter are provided in the paper
Effects of functionalized and nonfunctionalized single‐walled carbon nanotubes on root elongation of select crop species

Single‐walled carbon nanotubes have many potential beneficial uses, with additional applications constantly being investigated. Their unique properties, however, create a potential concern regarding toxicity, not only in humans and animals but also in plants. To help develop protocols to determine the effects of nanotubes on plants, we conducted a pilot study on the effects of functionalized and nonfunctionalized single‐walled carbon nanotubes on root elongation of six crop species (cabbage, carrot, cucumber, lettuce, onion, and tomato) routinely used in phytotoxicity testing. Nanotubes were functionalized with poly‐3‐aminoben‐zenesulfonic acid. Root growth was measured at 0, 24, and 48 h following exposure. Scanning‐electron microscopy was used to evaluate potential uptake of carbon nanotubes and to observe the interaction of nanotubes with the root surface. In general, nonfunctionalized carbon nanotubes affected root length more than functionalized nanotubes. Nonfunctionalized nanotubes inhibited root elongation in tomato and enhanced root elongation in onion and cucumber. Functionalized nanotubes inhibited root elongation in lettuce. Cabbage and carrots were not affected by either form of nanotubes. Effects observed following exposure to carbon nanotubes tended to be more pronounced at 24 h than at 48 h. Microscopy images showed the presence of nanotube sheets on the root surfaces, but no visible uptake of nanotubes was observed.
Mapping the Tree of Life: Progress and Prospects

SUMMARY The intent of this article is to provide a critical assessment of our current understanding of life's phylogenetic diversity. Phylogenetic comparison of gene sequences is a natural way to identify microorganisms and can also be used to infer the course of evolution. Three decades of molecular phylogenetic studies with various molecular markers have provided the outlines of a universal tree of life (ToL), the three-domain pattern of archaea, bacteria, and eucarya. The sequence-based perspective on microbial identification additionally opened the way to the identification of environmental microbes without the requirement for culture, particularly through analysis of rRNA gene sequences. Environmental rRNA sequences, which now far outnumber those from cultivars, expand our knowledge of the extent of microbial diversity and contribute increasingly heavily to the emerging ToL. Although the three-domain structure of the ToL is established, the deep phylogenetic structure of each of the domains remains murky and sometimes controversial. Obstacles to accurate inference of deep phylogenetic relationships are both systematic, in molecular phylogenetic calculations, and practical, due to a paucity of sequence representation for many groups of organisms.
The Use of Abstract Graphemic Information in Lexical Access

Three experiments investigated the nature of the information required for the lexical access of visual words. A four-field masking procedure was used, in which the presentation of consecutive prime and target letter strings was preceded and followed by presentations of a pattern mask. This procedure prevented subjects from identifying, and thus intentionally using, prime information. Experiment I extablished the existence of a semantic priming effect on target identification, demonstrating the lexical access of primes under these conditions. It also showed a word repetition effect independent of letter case. Experiment II tested whether this repetition effect was due to the activation of graphemic or phonemic information. The graphemic and phonemic similarity of primes and targets was varied. No evidence for phonemic priming was found, although a graphemic priming effect, independent of the physical similarity of the stimuli, was obtained. Finally Experiment III demonstrated that, irrespective of whether the prime was a word or a nonword, graphemic priming was equally effective. In both Experiments II and III, however, the word repetition effect was stronger than the graphemic priming effect. It is argued that facilitation from graphemic priming was due to the prime activating a target representation coded for abstract (non-visual) graphemic features, such as letter identities. The extra facilitation from same identity priming was attributed to semantic as well as graphemic activation. The implications of these results for models of word recognition are discussed.
Functional Comparison of the Tup11 and Tup12 Transcriptional Corepressors in Fission Yeast

ABSTRACT Gene duplication is considered an important evolutionary mechanism. Unlike many characterized species, the fission yeast Schizosaccharomyces pombe contains two paralogous genes, tup11 + and tup12 + , that encode transcriptional corepressors similar to the well-characterized budding yeast Tup1 protein. Previous reports have suggested that Tup11 and Tup12 proteins play redundant roles. Consistently, we show that the two Tup proteins can interact together when expressed at normal levels and that each can independently interact with the Ssn6 protein, as seen for Tup1 in budding yeast. However, tup11 − and tup12 − mutants have different phenotypes on media containing KCl and CaCl2. Consistent with the functional difference between tup11 − and tup12 − mutants, we identified a number of genes in genome-wide gene expression experiments that are differentially affected by mutations in the tup11 + and tup12 + genes. Many of these genes are differentially derepressed in tup11 − mutants and are over-represented in genes that have previously been shown to respond to a range of different stress conditions. Genes specifically derepressed in tup12 − mutants require the Ssn6 protein for their repression. As for Tup12, Ssn6 is also required for efficient adaptation to KCl- and CaCl2-mediated stress. We conclude that Tup11 and Tup12 are at least partly functionally diverged and suggest that the Tup12 and Ssn6 proteins have adopted a specific role in regulation of the stress response.