Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
First Derivatives Estimation of Nonlinear Parameters in Hybrid System

This letter describes the first derivatives estimation of nonlinear parameters through an embedded identifier in the hybrid system by using a feed-forward neural network (FFNN). The hybrid systems are modelled by the differential-algebraic-impulsive-switched (DAIS) structure. The FFNN is used to identify the full dynamics of the hybrid system. Moreover, the partial derivatives of an objective function J with respect to the parameters are estimated by the proposed identifier. Then, it is applied for the identification and estimation of the non-smooth nonlinear dynamic behaviors due to a saturation limiter in a practical engineering system.
Rationally Inattentive Seller: Sales and Discrete Pricing

This paper presents a model of a rationally inattentive seller responding to shocks to unit input cost. The model generates price series imultaneously exhibiting all three of the following features that can be found in the data. 1) Prices change frequently. 2) Responses of prices to aggregate variables are delayed. 3) Prices move back and forth between a few rigid values. Discrete pricing arises even if the unit input cost varies in a continuous range. Results of the model also agree with the evidence that reductions in price, e.g. sales, are usually short-lasting and that the highest price in a sample tends to be the most quoted price. Discrete and asymmetric pricing is a seller's optimal response to his limited information capacity. Moreover, the model provides rationale for faster responses to aggregate shocks in industries with more volatile idiosyncratic shocks as well as for a steeper Philip's curve in less stable aggregate conditions.
Towards understanding the nitrogen signal transduction for nif gene expression in Klebsiella pneumoniae

In the diazotroph Klebsiella pneumoniae, the nitrogen sensory protein GlnK mediates the cellular nitrogen status towards the NifL/NifA system that regulates transcription of the nitrogen fixation genes in response to ammonium and molecular oxygen. To identify amino acids of GlnK essential for this signal transduction by protein–protein interaction, we performed random point mutagenesis by PCR amplification under conditions of reduced Taq polymerase fidelity. Three thousand two hundred mutated glnK genes were screened to identify those that would no longer complement a K. pneumoniaeΔglnK strain for growth under nitrogen fixing conditions. Twenty‐four candidates resulting in a Nif− phenotype were identified, carrying 1–11 amino acid changes in GlnK. Based on these findings, as well as structural data, several single mutations were introduced into glnK by site‐directed mutagenesis, and the Nif phenotype and the respective effects on NifA‐mediated nif gene induction was monitored in K. pneumoniae using a chromosomal nifK′–′lacZ fusion. Single amino acid changes resulting in significant nif gene inhibition under nitrogen limiting conditions were located within the highly conserved T‐loop (A43G, A49T and N54D), the body of the protein (G87V and K79E) and in the C‐terminal region (I100M, R103S, E106Q and D108G). Complex formation analyses between GlnK (wild‐type or derivatives) and NifL or NifA in response to 2‐oxoglutarate indicated that: (a) besides the T‐loop, the C‐terminal region of GlnK is essential for the interaction with NifL and NifA and (b) GlnK binds both proteins in the absence of 2‐oxoglutarate, whereas, in the presence of 2‐oxoglutarate, NifA is released but NifL remains bound to GlnK.
Inter-Individual Variation during Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation and Normalization of Dose Using MRI-Derived Computational Models

Background: Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation (tDCS) is a non-invasive, versatile, and safe neuromodulation technology under investigation for the treatment of neuropsychiatric disorders, adjunct to rehabilitation, and cognitive enhancement in healthy adults. Despite promising results, there is variability in responsiveness. One potential source of variability is the intensity of current delivered to the brain which is a function of both the operator controlled tDCS dose (electrode montage and total applied current) and subject specific anatomy. We are interested in both the scale of this variability across anatomical typical adults and methods to normalize inter-individual variation by customizing tDCS dose. Computational FEM simulations are a standard technique to predict brain current flow during tDCS and can be based on subject specific anatomical MRI. Objective: To investigate this variability, we modeled multiple tDCS montages across three adults (ages 34–41, one female). Results: Conventional pad stimulation led to diffuse modulation with maximum current flow between the pads across all subjects. There was high current flow directly under the pad for one subject while the location of peak induced cortical current flow was variable. The High-Definition tDCS montage led to current flow restricted to within the ring perimeter across all subjects. The current flow profile across all subjects and montages was influenced by details in cortical gyri/sulci. Conclusion: This data suggests that subject specific modeling can facilitate consistent and more efficacious tDCS.
VLTI/AMBER unveils a possible dusty pinwheel nebula in WR118

Most Wolf-Rayet stars (WR) of WC9 sub-type exhibit a dusty circumstellar envelope, but it is still a matter of debate how dust can form in their harsh environment. In a few cases, a pinwheel-like structure of the dusty envelope has been detected. Therefore, it has been suggested that dust formation in all dusty WR stars might be linked to colliding winds in a binary system. We probed the innermost region of the circumstellar dust shell of the deeply embedded WR star WR 118. We carried out spectro-interferometric observations using the AMBER instrument of ESO's Very Large Telescope Interferometer in low-spectral resolution mode (R = 35). The K-band observations were obtained with three 1.8 m telescopes spanning projected baselines between 9.2 and 40.1 m. At high spatial frequencies, the AMBER visibilities exhibit a prominent lobe, indicating that the envelope contains one or several zones with a large local intensity gradient. The strong closure phase signal clearly shows that the circumstellar envelope of WR 118 can only be described by an asymmetric intensity distribution. We show that a pinwheel nebula seen at low inclination is consistent with the AMBER data. Its size was determined to be 13.9+-1.1 mas. WR 118 possibly harbors a pinwheel nebula, which suggests a binary nature of the system. According to our best model, the period of the system would be ~60 days (for d=3 kpc), making WR 118 the shortest-period pinwheel nebula known so far.
Critically ill patients with severe acute respiratory syndrome.

CONTEXT Severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) is a newly recognized infectious disease capable of causing severe respiratory failure. OBJECTIVE To determine the epidemiological features, course, and outcomes of patients with SARS-related critical illness. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PATIENTS Retrospective case series of 38 adult patients with SARS-related critical illness admitted to 13 intensive care units (ICUs) in the Toronto area between the onset of the outbreak and April 15, 2003. Data were collected daily during the first 7 days in the ICUs, and patients were followed up for 28 days. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES The primary outcome was mortality at 28 days after ICU admission. Secondary outcomes included rate of SARS-related critical illness, number of tertiary care ICUs and staff placed under quarantine, and number of health care workers (HCWs) contracting SARS secondary to ICU-acquired transmission. RESULTS Of 196 patients with SARS, 38 (19%) became critically ill, 7 (18%) of whom were HCWs. The median (interquartile range [IQR]) age of the 38 patients was 57.4 (39.0-69.6) years. The median (IQR) duration between initial symptoms and admission to the ICU was 8 (5-10) days. Twenty-nine (76%) required mechanical ventilation and 10 of these (34%) experienced barotrauma. Mortality at 28 days was 13 (34%) of 38 patients and for those requiring mechanical ventilation, mortality was 13 (45%) of 29. Six patients (16%) remained mechanically ventilated at 28 days. Two of these patients had died by 8 weeks' follow-up. Patients who died were more often older, had preexisting diabetes mellitus, and on admission to hospital were more likely to have bilateral radiographic infiltrates. Transmission of SARS in 6 study ICUs led to closure of 73 medical-surgical ICU beds. In 2 university ICUs, 164 HCWs were quarantined and 16 (10%) developed SARS. CONCLUSIONS Critical illness was common among patients with SARS. Affected patients had primarily single-organ respiratory failure, and half of mechanically ventilated patients died. The SARS outbreak greatly strained regional critical care resources.
Design and Implementation of Real Time Crossover Based on Bessel Digital Filter

Design crossover using Bessel filter is a good selection. However there is no MATLAB function to design digital Bessel filters. In this paper a method for the design of digital Bessel filters is presented. It is based on MATLAB function besselap and zp2sos to obtain the Bessel polynomials. Analog filter transform function Ha(s) can be obtained by search N-th order normalized Bessel polynomials. Transform Ha(s) into H(z) using the bilinear transformation and obtain the general coefficients functions of digital Bessel filters from H(z). The method is validated by MATLAB script. Design example of real time crossover is given to show the practicability of the method.
Italian for Beginners: The Next Steps for SLO-Based Management

Literature is rife with compelling ideas on simplifying storage management using service-level objectives (SLOs). However, very few of these ideas have actually been productized, despite the fact that many of the original ideas came from industry and were developed more than a decade ago. While many good research ideas do not become products, in this case, we believe that there are important reasons why adoption has been slow. This paper investigates the reasons for slow adoption and discusses ideas that can truly simplify storage management using SLOs.
Elucidation of Complex Nature of PEG Induced Drought-Stress Response in Rice Root Using Comparative Proteomics Approach

Along with many adaptive strategies, dynamic changes in protein abundance seem to be the common strategy to cope up with abiotic stresses which can be best explored through proteomics. Understanding of drought response is the key to decipher regulatory mechanism of better adaptation. Rice (Oryza sativa L.) proteome represents a phenomenal source of proteins that govern traits of agronomic importance, such as drought tolerance. In this study, a comparison of root cytoplasmic proteome was done for a drought tolerant rice (Heena) cultivar in PEG induced drought conditions. A total of 510 protein spots were observed by PDQuest analysis and 125 differentially regulated spots were subjected for MALDI-TOF MS-MS analysis out of which 102 protein spots identified which further led to identification of 78 proteins with a significant score. These 78 differentially expressed proteins appeared to be involved in different biological pathways. The largest percentage of identified proteins was involved in bioenergy and metabolism (29%) and mainly consists of malate dehydrogenase, succinyl-CoA, putative acetyl-CoA synthetase, and pyruvate dehydrogenase etc. This was followed by proteins related to cell defense and rescue (22%) such as monodehydroascorbate reductase and stress-induced protein sti1, then by protein biogenesis and storage class (21%) e.g. putative thiamine biosynthesis protein, putative beta-alanine synthase, and cysteine synthase. Further, cell signaling (9%) proteins like actin and prolyl endopeptidase, and proteins with miscellaneous function (19%) like Sgt1 and some hypothetical proteins were also represented a large contribution toward drought regulatory mechanism in rice. We propose that protein biogenesis, cell defense, and superior homeostasis may render better drought-adaptation. These findings might expedite the functional determination of the drought-responsive proteins and their prioritization as potential molecular targets for perfect adaptation.
Approximations for zeros of Hermite functions

A novel process is provided for producing a nucleoside, such as cytarabine, or a nucleoside analogue, comprising the step of reacting 2,2'-O-cyclonucleoside or an analogue thereof with an amine. Preferably, the process is conducted in the presence of an aqueous solvent. A novel process for the production of the precursor 2,2'-O-cyclonucleoside compounds and pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof is also provided which comprises reacting a 2,3'-O-diaikylstannylene nucleoside compound with an amine in the presence of a sulfonyl compound. Cytarabine is a known antineoplastic and antiviral agent.
Access-Point Allocation Algorithms for Scalable Wireless Internet-Access Mesh Networks

With rapid developments of inexpensive small-sized communication devices and high-speed network technologies, the Internet has increasingly become the important medium for a lot of people in daily lives. People can access to a variety of information, data, and services that have been provided through the Internet, in addition to their personal communications. This progress of the Internet utilization leads to strong demands for high-speed, inexpensive, and flexible Internet access services in any place at anytime. Particularly, such ubiquitous communication demands have grown up among users usingwireless communication devices. A common solution to them is the use of the wireless local area network (WLAN). WLAN has been widely studied and deployed as the access network to the Internet. Currently, WLAN has been used in many Internet service spots around the world in both public and private spaces including offices, schools, homes, airports, stations, hotels, and shopping malls. The wireless mesh network has emerged as a very attractive technology that can flexibly and inexpensively solve the problem of the limited wireless coverage area in a conventional WLAN using a single wireless router (Akyildiz et al., 2005). The wireless mesh network adopts multiple wireless routers that are distributed in the service area, so that any location in this area is covered by at least one router. Data communications between routers are offered by wireless communications, in addition to those between user hosts (clients) and routers. This cable-less advantage is very attractive to deploy the wireless mesh network in terms of the flexibility, the scalability, and the low installation cost. Among several variations of under-studying wireless mesh networks, we have focused on the one targeting the Internet access service, using only access points (APs) as wireless routers, and providing communications between APsmainly on theMAC layer by thewireless distribution system (WDS). From now, we call this Wireless Internet-access Mesh NETwork as WIMNET for convenience. At least one AP in WIMNET acts as a gateway (GW) to the Internet (Figure 1). To reduce radio interference among wireless links, the IEEE802.11a protocol at 5GHz can be adopted to links between neighbouring APs, and the 802.11b/g protocol at 2.4GHz can be to links between hosts and APs. Each protocol has several non-interfered frequency channels. Here, we note that IEEE 802.11s is the standard to realize the wireless mesh network so that a variety of vendors and users can use this technology to communicate with each other without problems. On the other hand, WIMNET is considered as a general framework for the wireless 2
The Direction of Time

It is argued, using a relativistic space-time view of the Universe, that Reichenbach’s “principle of the common cause” provides a good basis for understanding the time direction of a variety of time-asymmetric physical processes. Most of the mathematical formulation is based on a probabilistic model using classical mechanics, but the extension to quantumm echanics is also considered.
Locality Aware Mechanisms for Large-scale Networks

Recent advances in decentralized object location and routing (DOLR) systems provide an attractive platform for wide-area network applications. These systems, also referred to as distributed hashtables, provide routing and location algorithms which scale logarithmically with the size of the network. In this paper, we contend that many properties of these systems are not yet well understood in the context of deployed large-scale networks. Specifically, we identify the property of locality-awareness and show how locality-aware design mechanisms play a positive role in providing greater scalability in wide-area networks.
A Population-Based Study of Attention Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder Symptoms and Associated Impairment in Middle-Aged Adults

Attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is the most prevalent childhood psychiatric condition. It frequently persists into adulthood and can have serious health and other adverse consequences. The majority of previous adult ADHD studies have focused on young adults so that relatively little is known about ADHD symptoms and their effects in mid and late life. In addition, effects of subclinical levels of attention deficit and hyperactivity have not been studied in detail. In this study we investigated ADHD symptoms and related impairment in a large population-based sample of middle-aged Australian adults (n = 2091; 47% male). Applying the WHO adult ADHD Self Report Screener (ASRS) we observed that 6.2% of participants had scores that were previously associated with ADHD diagnosis. No significant gender difference in the distribution of ASRS scores was observed. Multiple regression analyses indicated strong positive correlations between symptoms of ADHD and depression/anxiety and significant negative associations (p<0.01) with employment, financial stress, relationship quality, health and well-being measures in this age group. Importantly, associations were highly significant even when few ADHD symptoms were reported. Compared to the hyperactivity component, the inattention trait was particularly strongly associated and remained significant after controlling for depression/anxiety symptoms. Our study confirms previous findings and significantly adds to existing literature especially for an age-group that has not been well-studied. Our results suggest that ADHD symptoms continue to be associated with ill-health and functional impairment in mid-life and are, therefore, likely to be a major, previously unrecognized source of late-life morbidity with associated social and economic costs. Thus, there is a compelling need for better understanding and development of age-appropriate approaches to the diagnosis and treatment of ADHD in mid- to late-life.
Heterogeneous glioblastoma cell cross-talk promotes phenotype alterations and enhanced drug resistance

Glioblastoma multiforme is the most lethal of brain cancer, and it comprises a heterogeneous mixture of functionally distinct cancer cells that affect tumor progression. We examined the U87, U251, and U373 malignant cell lines as in vitro models to determine the impact of cellular cross-talk on their phenotypic alterations in co-cultures. These cells were also studied at the transcriptome level, to define the mechanisms of their observed mutually affected genomic stability, proliferation, invasion and resistance to temozolomide. This is the first direct demonstration of the neural and mesenchymal molecular fingerprints of U87 and U373 cells, respectively. U87-cell conditioned medium lowered the genomic stability of U373 (U251) cells, without affecting cell proliferation. In contrast, upon exposure of U87 cells to U373 (U251) conditioned medium, U87 cells showed increased genomic stability, decreased proliferation rates and increased invasion, due to a plethora of produced cytokines identified in the co-culture media. This cross talk altered the expression 264 genes in U87 cells that are associated with proliferation, inflammation, migration, and adhesion, and 221 genes in U373 cells that are associated with apoptosis, the cell cycle, cell differentiation and migration. Indirect and direct co-culturing of U87 and U373 cells showed mutually opposite effects on temozolomide resistance. In conclusion, definition of transcriptional alterations of distinct glioblastoma cells upon co-culturing provides better understanding of the mechanisms of glioblastoma heterogeneity, which will provide the basis for more informed glioma treatment in the future.
Efficient high NA flat micro-lenses realized using high contrast transmitarrays

We present design, fabrication, and characterization results of high numerical aperture (NA) micro-lenses based on a high contrast transmitarray platform. The high contrast transmitarray is created by periodic arrangement of amorphous silicon posts with different diameters on a fused silica substrate. We report near infrared high NA micro-lenses with spot sizes as small as 0. 57λ and focusing efficiencies in excess of 80%. We demonstrate a trade-off relation between NA and efficiency of high contrast array flat micro-lenses, and attribute it to the spatial discretization of their phase profiles.
Bayesian Framework for Multidisciplinary Uncertainty Quantification and Optimization

This paper presents a comprehensive methodology that combines uncertainty quantification, propagation and robustness-based design optimization using a Bayesian framework. Two types of epistemic uncertainty regarding model inputs/parameters are emphasized: (1) uncertainty modeled as p-box, and (2) uncertainty modeled as interval data. A Bayesian approach is used to calibrate the uncertainty models, where the likelihood functions are constructed using limited experimental data. The calibrated (improved) models are validated by partially characterized data using an area metric. A global sensitivity analysis (GSA), which previously only considered aleatory uncertainty, is extended to identify the contribution of epistemic uncertainty using an auxiliary variable method. A decoupled robustness-based design optimization framework is developed for optimization under both aleatory and epistemic uncertainty. Gaussian Process (GP) surrogate modeling is employed to improve the computational efficiency. The proposed methodology is illustrated using the NASA Langley multidisciplinary uncertainty quantification challenge problem.
The sites of origin brain stem neurotensin and serotonin projections to the rodent nucleus raphe magnus

The combined horseradish peroxidase retrograde transport-peroxidase- antiperoxidase immunohistochemical procedure was utilized in the present study to ascertain the sites of origin of serotonin and neurotensin projections to the rodent nucleus raphe magnus. The major serotonin inputs to the raphe magnus arise from the B-8 and B-9 groups of Dahlstrom and Fuxe (Dahlstrom, A., and K. Fuxe (1964) Acta Physiol. Scand. Suppl. 232 62: 1–55), the nucleus reticularis paragigantocellularis, and the nucleus reticularis gigantocellularis pars alpha. Neurotensinergic projections to the raphe magnus originate predominantly from the periaqueductal gray, the nucleus solitarius, the dorsal and ventral parabrachial nuclei, and the nucleus cuneiformis. The periaqueductal gray and the nucleus paragigantocellularis were found to provide both a neurotensin and a serotonin projection to this raphe nucleus. The present results indicate that several brain stem nuclei, which have been implicated previously in endogenous analgesia mechanisms, provide serotonergic and neurotensinergic input to the nucleus raphe magnus.