Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
High performance algorithms for object recognition problem by multiresolution template matching

Template matching is a fundamental method of detecting the presence or the absence of objects and identifying them in an image. A template is itself an image that contains a feature or an object or a part of a bigger image, and is used to search a given image for the presence or the absence of the contents of the template. This search is carried out by translating the template systematically pixel-by-pixel all over the image, and at each position of the template the closeness of the template to the area covered by it is measured. The location at which the maximum degree of closeness is achieved is declared to be the location of the object detected. The problem of object/shape recognition is addressed in this paper in a multiresolutional setting using pyramidal decomposition of images with respect to an orthonormal wavelet basis. A new approach to efficient template matching to detect objects using computational geometric methods is put forward. An efficient paradigm for object recognition is described in detail with a complexity analysis.
On a Geometric Generalization of the Upper Bound Theorem

Up to the factor of 2, the result generalizes McMullen's upper bound theorem for convex polytopes (the case lscr = 0) and extends a theorem of Linhart for the case d les 4. Moreover, the bound sharpens asymptotic estimates obtained by Clarkson and Shor. The proof is based on the h-matrix of the arrangement (a generalization, introduced by Mulmuley, of the h-vector of a convex polytope). We show that bounding appropriate sums of entries of this matrix reduces to a lemma about quadrupels of sets with certain intersection properties, and we prove this lemma, up to a factor of 2, using tools from multilinear algebra. This extends an approach of Alon and Kalai, who used linear algebra methods for an alternative proof of the classical upper bound theorem. The bounds for the entries of the h-matrix also imply bounds for the number of i-dimensional faces, i > 0, at level at most lscr. Furthermore, we discuss a connection with crossing numbers of graphs that was one of the main motivations for investigating exact bounds that are valid for arbitrary dimensions
Apolipoprotein E ε4 modulates functional brain connectome in Alzheimer's disease

The apolipoprotein E (APOE) ɛ4 allele is a well‐established genetic risk factor for Alzheimer's disease (AD). Recent research has demonstrated an APOE ɛ4‐mediated modulation of intrinsic functional brain networks in cognitively normal individuals. However, it remains largely unknown whether and how APOE ɛ4 affects the brain's functional network architecture in patients with AD. Using resting‐state functional MRI and graph‐theory approaches, we systematically investigated the topological organization of whole‐brain functional networks in 16 APOE ɛ4 carriers and 26 matched noncarriers with AD at three levels: global whole‐brain, intermediate module, and regional node/connection. Neuropsychological analysis showed that the APOE ɛ4 carriers performed worse on delayed memory but better on a late item generation of a verbal fluency task (associated with executive function) than noncarriers. Whole‐brain graph analyses revealed that APOE ɛ4 significantly disrupted whole‐brain topological organization as characterized by (i) reduced parallel information transformation efficiency; (ii) decreased intramodular connectivity within the posterior default mode network (pDMN) and intermodular connectivity of the pDMN and executive control network (ECN) with other neuroanatomical systems; and (iii) impaired functional hubs and their rich‐club connectivities that primarily involve the pDMN, ECN, and sensorimotor systems. Further simulation analysis indicated that these altered connectivity profiles of the pDMN and ECN largely accounted for the abnormal global network topology. Finally, the changes in network topology exhibited significant correlations with the patients' cognitive performances. Together, our findings suggest that the APOE genotype modulates large‐scale brain networks in AD and shed new light on the gene‐connectome interaction in this disease. Hum Brain Mapp 36:1828–1846, 2015. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
The Geometric Phase of Stock Trading

Geometric phases describe how in a continuous-time dynamical system the displacement of a variable (called phase variable) can be related to other variables (shape variables) undergoing a cyclic motion, according to an area rule. The aim of this paper is to show that geometric phases can exist also for discrete-time systems, and even when the cycles in shape space have zero area. A context in which this principle can be applied is stock trading. A zero-area cycle in shape space represents the type of trading operations normally carried out by high-frequency traders (entering and exiting a position on a fast time-scale), while the phase variable represents the cash balance of a trader. Under the assumption that trading impacts stock prices, even zero-area cyclic trading operations can induce geometric phases, i.e., profits or losses, without affecting the stock quote.
Effects of Nonlinear Thermal Radiation and Second Order Slip on Casson Nanofluid Flow between Parallel Plates

Mathematical modeling to study the effect of nonlinear thermal radiation on Casson nanofluid flow between parallel plates is established. Second order velocity slip condition is implemented at the boundary of the lower plate. An appropriate transformation is applied to alter the PDEs into ODEs and then tackled numerically by employing RKF-45. The consequence of several prevailed parameters on the Casson nanoliquid velocity components, temperature and concentration fields are portrayed graphically and deliberated in detail. Velocity component decreases near the region of lower plate while it increases along the upper plate region for magnetic and slip parameter whereas opposite behavior is obtained for the Casson parameter for the same component.
LIG System for WMT13 QE Task: Investigating the Usefulness of Features in Word Confidence Estimation for MT

This paper presents the LIG’s systems submitted for Task 2 of WMT13 Quality Estimation campaign. This is a word confidence estimation (WCE) task where each participant was asked to label each word in a translated text as a binary ( Keep/Change) or multi-class (Keep/Substitute/Delete) category. We integrate a number of features of various types (system-based, lexical, syntactic and semantic) into the conventional feature set, for our baseline classifier training. After the experiments with all features, we deploy a “Feature Selection” strategy to keep only the best performing ones. Then, a method that combines multiple “weak” classifiers to build a strong “composite” classifier by taking advantage of their complementarity is presented and experimented. We then select the best systems for submission and present the official results obtained.
Soft/MAX - A new Soft X-ray Microscopy and Coherent Imaging Beamline at the MAX IV Facility.

SoftiMAX is a new beamline for soft X-ray spectro-microscopy currently under construction at the new MAX IV synchrotron facility in Lund, Sweden. It is situated at the 3 GeV ring at MAX IV, and will provide a very high average coherent flux owing to the low emittance properties of the ring [1]. The SoftiMAX project consists of two branch lines, utilizing different focusing solutions and catering to a variety of imaging methods. As the construction of the beamline is nearing completion, we present the design and an outlook on the capabilities of the experimental stations when the beamline comes into operation in 2019.
Recent concepts in biodegradable polymers for tissue engineering paradigms: a critical review

Tissue engineering and regenerative medicine are emerging as future approaches for the treatment of acute and chronic diseases. Numerous clinical conditions exist today and include congenital disorders, trauma, infection, inflammation, and cancer, in which hard and soft tissue damage, organ failure and loss are still not treated effectively. Researchers are constantly developing new biomaterials and tissue-engineered technologies to stimulate tissue regeneration. Various emerging approaches according to organ, tissue, disease and disorder are identified. Irrespective, engineered biomaterials are required to regenerate and ultimately reproduce the original physiological, biological, chemical, and mechanical properties. Biodegradable materials have been used extensively as regenerative therapies. The selection, design, biological and physicochemical properties of these materials are important and must be considered for stimulating tissue growth. In this review, we critique recently developed biodegradable materials for tissue regeneration of some targeted organs e.g., skin, nerves, blood vessels, heart, cornea, trachea, dental/oral structure and bones.
Unsupervised content discovery in composite audio

Automatically extracting semantic content from audio streams can be helpful in many multimedia applications. Motivated by the known limitations of traditional supervised approaches to content extraction, which are hard to generalize and require suitable training data, we propose in this paper an unsupervised approach to discover and categorize semantic content in a composite audio stream. In our approach, we first employ spectral clustering to discover natural semantic sound clusters in the analyzed data stream (e.g. speech, music, noise, applause, speech mixed with music, etc.). These clusters are referred to as audio elements. Based on the obtained set of audio elements, the key audio elements, which are most prominent in characterizing the content of input audio data, are selected and used to detect potential boundaries of semantic audio segments denoted as auditory scenes. Finally, the auditory scenes are categorized in terms of the audio elements appearing therein. Categorization is inferred from the relations between audio elements and auditory scenes by using the information-theoretic co-clustering scheme. Evaluations of the proposed approach performed on 4 hours of diverse audio data indicate that promising results can be achieved, both regarding audio element discovery and auditory scene categorization.
Automatic segmentation of the optic nerve head for deformation measurements in video rate optical coherence tomography

Abstract. Optical coherence tomography (OCT) imaging has become a standard diagnostic tool in ophthalmology, providing essential information associated with various eye diseases. In order to investigate the dynamics of the ocular fundus, we present a simple and accurate automated algorithm to segment the inner limiting membrane in video-rate optic nerve head spectral domain (SD) OCT images. The method is based on morphological operations including a two-step contrast enhancement technique, proving to be very robust when dealing with low signal-to-noise ratio images and pathological eyes. An analysis algorithm was also developed to measure neuroretinal tissue deformation from the segmented retinal profiles. The performance of the algorithm is demonstrated, and deformation results are presented for healthy and glaucomatous eyes.
Rac1 Contributes to Actin Organization in Glomerular Podocytes

Background/Aims: The function of glomerular podocytes is closely associated with the actin cytoskeleton. In this study, we studied the role of the small Rho-GTPase, Rac1, in actin organization in podocytes. Methods: Conditionally immortalized mouse podocytes (MP) stably expressing nephrin or control plasmid were used. Results: In MP, Rac1 activity increased significantly at 1 week of differentiation. MP stably expressing nephrin showed Rac1 activity significantly higher and more sustained than vector-expressing control cells. Antibody-mediated cross-linking of nephrin also activated Rac1. Differentiated MP showed more distinct lamellipodia/cellular processes, as compared with undifferentiated cells, which was further augmented by nephrin expression. Transient transfection of constitutively active Rac1 markedly increased the number of lamellipodia/cellular processes in undifferentiated MP, while the Rac1 inhibitor caused actin cytoskeleton derangement in differentiating MP. In the rat model of puromycin aminonucleoside nephrosis, RhoA activity was increased at Day 7 (at the peak of proteinuria), while Rac1 activity increased significantly only at Day 14, when the recovery process had started. Conclusion: Rac1 is activated in differentiating MP and nephrin potentiates Rac1 activation. Rac1 likely contributes to lamellipodia formation in differentiating MP and may contribute to process formation in podocytes recovering from injuries.
β1- integrin: An endothelial mechanoreceptor distinguishing force direction

Endothelial cell (EC) function is affected by forces generated by flowing blood on the arterial wall (wall shear stress, WSS). Unidirectional WSS and laminar flow occurs in unbranched areas of the arteries, which are protected from atherosclerosis, whereas oscillatory WSS and “disturbed flow” occurs at branch points, where the majority of atherosclerotic plaques are initiated. EC can sense forces via multiple mechanoreceptors including β1- integrin, which induces downstream signalling in response to WSS. Although EC can distinguish between unidirectional and oscillatory WSS, the mechanisms that control this are unknown. We hypothesized that mechanoreceptors are activated by specific mechanical conditions which trigger downstream signalling, i.e. some mechanoreceptors are activated by unidirectional WSS whereas others are activated by bidirectional force. We examined the effect of flow direction and frequency of oscillation on calcium signalling and how the mechanical activation of β1- integrin contributes to these responses. We found significant differences in calcium dynamics in ECs exposed to different flow conditions. Using magnetic beads, unidirectional force but not bidirectional force applied directly to apical β1- integrin induced its conversion from a bent inactive to an extended active form. Furthermore, application of unidirectional force to β1- integrin induced calcium release from the inner stores of the endoplasmic reticulum. Finally, studies using pharmacological inhibitors revealed that phospholipase C and ROCK regulate the calcium responses triggered by mechanostimulation of β1- integrin. These results are consistent with the hypothesis that distinct endothelial mechanoreceptors respond to different flow patterns. My work suggests that β1- integrin functions as a mechanoreceptor that can distinguish between different force directions.
An effective traffic management scheme using adaptive handover time in next‐generation cellular networks

Next‐generation cellular networks are expected to support various multimedia services over IP networks with high spectral efficiency. In these networks, hotspot cells can occur when available wireless resources at some location are not sufficient to sustain the needs of users. The hotspot cell can potentially lead to blocked or dropped calls, which can deteriorate the service quality for users. A group of users enjoying multimedia services could move around in the networks generating heavy flows of traffic. This situation can generate a hotspot cell which has a short lifespan of only a few minutes. If there is a steady increase in the number of these users, the hotspot cell which has a short lifespan will occur more frequently in the overall service area. In this paper, we propose a handover‐based traffic management scheme which can effectively deal with hotspot cells in next‐generation cellular networks. With our scheme, the current serving cell can recognize the traffic load status of the target cell in advance, before handover execution. Then, according to the load status, it adaptively controls the handover time. The handover‐based traffic management scheme can effectively and flexibly handle hotspot cells in the networks. Acceptable service quality can also be supported as users continuously maintain communication links. In the simulation results, we find that our scheme generates a smaller number of hotspot cells and supports higher service quality than the schemes compared. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Embryo ultrastructure in Origanum majorana L. [Lamiaceae] after seed conditioning

Marjoram (Origanum majorana L.) is an aromatic plant native to the Mediterranean and Turkey. In temperate climate the crop is annual as it does not survive the winter outdoors, and plants are obtained either from seed, division, transplants or cuttings. Due to the still-increasing demand for Herba and Oleum Maioranae, propagation from seeds sown in situ is of great interest (Suchorska and Tołwiński, 1998). In marjoram, mericarps containing a single nonendospermic seed with a spatulate embryo are used for sowing rather than the seed proper. According to the dormancy classification by Baskin and Baskin (2004), a seed that "has the capacity to germinate over the widest range of normal physical environmental factors possible for the genotype" is nondormant. A nondormant seed that does not germinate due to unfavorable environmental factors is in a state of quiescence. Marjoram seeds are nondormant (Duczmal and Tucholska, 2000) and can be stored for 3–4 years in the dry state (=quiescent state), but their germination usually takes several weeks under field conditions. Uneven germination and slow seedling growth in spring are some of the factors limiting marjoram cultivation from sowing in situ. The problems could be overcome by seed osmoor matriconditioning, which are prehydration seed treatments used to enhance seed quality, providing typical and healthy seedlings, and also to ensure an early and synchronized harvest (Khan et al., 1992). Osmoconditioning (or osmopriming) (OC) consists in submerging the seeds in salt or polyethylene glycol (PEG) solutions. The osmotic potential of the solution and the time of priming are precisely adjusted to allow the seeds only limited water uptake (Olszewski et al., 2005). During OC, seeds undergo imbibition (first phase of germination), followed by a period in which seed water content is relatively constant (second phase), but radicle protrusion (third phase) is prevented; thus germination is not completed (Bewley and Black, 1994; Bray, 1995). After OC (or MC) the seeds are usually brought back to the quiescent phase by means of dehydration to the original water content (Khan et al., 1992). In matriconditioning (MC), the carrier of water is a solid substance such as brown coal, charcoal, peat
Hetero‐material CPTFET with high‐frequency and linearity analysis for ultra‐low power applications

In this work, the authors have focused on increasing the current driving capability, speed of operation, suppression of parasitic capacitance and ambipolarity of the charge plasma tunnel field effect transistor (CPTFET). Gate dielectric and hetero-material engineering are employed in the CPTFET to obtain better drain current. Introduction of high-k dielectric increases the injection of charge carriers in the intrinsic body while a low-energy bandgap III–V material reduces the tunnelling width leading to the increased rate of band-to-band tunnelling of electrons and thus, enhancing the ON-state current of the device. Hence, the proposed device shows superior performance when operated in regime of DC and high frequency. For reducing the ambipolar conduction in the device, a widely used concept of underlapping of gate electrode is employed which reduces the leakage current in the device. Further, to determine the reliability of the device at high frequency, an analysis of linearity parameters is carried out. The proposed device is highly reliable to function at high-frequency regime. Therefore, the overall introduction of gate dielectric engineering, hetero-material engineering and underlapping of gate electrode improves the performance and characteristics of CPTFET.
The angular difference function and its application to image registration

The estimation of large motions without prior knowledge is an important problem in image registration. In this paper, we present the angular difference function (ADF) and demonstrate its applicability to rotation estimation. The ADF of two functions is defined as the integral of their spectral difference along the radial direction. It is efficiently computed using the pseudopolar Fourier transform, which computes the discrete Fourier transform of an image on a near spherical grid. Unlike other Fourier-based registration schemes, the suggested approach does not require any interpolation. Thus, it is more accurate and significantly faster.
Precisely Synchronized Oscillatory Firing Patterns Require Electroencephalographic Activation

Neuronal response synchronization with millisecond precision has been proposed to serve feature binding in vision and should therefore, like visual experience, depend on central states. Here we test this hypothesis by examining the occurrence and strength of response synchronization in areas 17 and 18 of anesthetized cats as a function of central states. These were assessed from the frequency content of the electroencephalogram, low power in the δ and high power in the γ frequency ranges (here 20–70 Hz) being considered as a signature of activated states. We evaluated both spontaneous state changes and transitions induced by electrical stimulation of the mesencephalic reticular formation. During states of low central activation, visual responses were robust but lacked signs of precise synchronization. At intermediate levels of activation, responses became synchronized and exhibited an oscillatory patterning in the range of 70–105 Hz. At higher levels of activation, a different pattern of response synchronization and oscillatory modulation appeared, oscillation frequency now being in the range of 20–65 Hz. The strength of response synchronization and oscillatory modulation in the 20–65 Hz range increased with further activation and was associated with a decrease in oscillation frequency. We propose that the oscillatory patterning in the 70–105 Hz range is attributable to oscillatory retinothalamic input and that a minimal level of activation is necessary for cortical neurons to follow this oscillatory pattern. In contrast, the synchronization of responses at oscillation frequencies in the 20–65 Hz range appears to result from intracortical synchronizing mechanisms, which become progressively more effective as central activation increases. Surprisingly, enhanced synchronization and oscillatory modulation in the γ frequency range were not associated with consistent increases in response amplitude, excluding a simple relation between central activation and neuronal discharge rate. The fact that intracortical synchronizing mechanisms are particularly effective during states of central activation supports the hypothesis that precise synchronization of responses plays a role in sensory processing.