Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Control and generalised synchronisation in a chaotic laser

This thesis describes an experimental and numerical investigation of control of an autonomous Lorenz–like chaotic laser system. Any chaotic system has an attractor which defines how the dynamics evolves, and it contains a number of unstable periodic orbits. Stabilising one of these leads to predictable periodic oscillations as it is known that if one of the unstable periodic orbits is stabilised then the system is globally stable. Two different control methods have been studied. A parametric perturbation method is considered where a sinusoidal modulation is applied to the pump power of the laser. Control well above the threshold had never been previously observed in this laser, contrary to expectation. Careful experimental and numerical studies presented here show that not only is control possible with modulation at a frequency near the average chaotic pulsation frequency, but control to various periodic states emerged during appropriate conditions. The second method of control investigated here is based on the delayed feedback method introduced by Pyragas. An error signal is generated from the difference between a signal and its value delayed in time, and this difference is fed back to modulate a system parameter. Control to various periodic states, and the steady state, had previously been observed in the ammonia laser, and was confirmed by ix
Informational Masking and Listening Effort in Speech Recognition in Noise: The Role of Working Memory Capacity and Inhibitory Control in Older Adults With and Without Hearing Impairment.

PURPOSE The study aimed to assess the relationship between (a) speech recognition in noise, mask type, working memory capacity (WMC), and inhibitory control and (b) self-rated listening effort, speech material, and mask type, in older adults with and without hearing impairment. It was of special interest to assess the relationship between WMC, inhibitory control, and speech recognition in noise when informational maskers masked target speech. METHOD A mixed design was used. A group (N = 24) of older (Mage = 69.7 years) individuals with hearing impairment and a group of age normal-hearing adults (Mage = 59.3 years, SD = 6.5) participated in the study. The participants were presented with auditory tests in a sound-attenuated room and with cognitive tests in a quiet office. The participants were asked to rate listening effort after being presented with energetic and informational background maskers in two different speech materials used in this study (i.e., Hearing In Noise Test and Hagerman test). Linear mixed-effects models were set up to assess the effect of the two different speech materials, energetic and informational maskers, hearing ability, WMC, inhibitory control, and self-rated listening effort. RESULTS Results showed that WMC and inhibitory control were of importance for speech recognition in noise, even when controlling for pure-tone average 4 hearing thresholds and age, when the maskers were informational. Concerning listening effort, on the other hand, the results suggest that hearing ability, but not cognitive abilities, is important for self-rated listening effort in speech recognition in noise. CONCLUSIONS Speech-in-noise recognition is more dependent on WMC for older adults in informational maskers than in energetic maskers. Hearing ability is a stronger predictor than cognition for self-rated listening effort. SUPPLEMENTAL MATERIAL https://doi.org/10.23641/asha.21357648.
N-conserving Bogoliubov vacuum of a two-component Bose–Einstein condensate: density fluctuations close to a phase-separation condition

Two-component Bose–Einstein condensates are considered within a number conserving version of the Bogoliubov theory. We show that the Bogoliubov vacuum state can be obtained in the particle representation in a simple form. We predict considerable density fluctuations in finite systems close to the phase-separation regime. We analyze homogeneous condensates and condensates in a double-well potential.
Algorithms Based on Hamilton-Jacobi Formulations

We devise new numerical algorithms, called PSC algorithms, for following fronts propagating with curvature-dependent speed. The speed may be an arbitrary function of curvature, and the front can also be passively advected by an underlying flow. These algorithms approximate the equations of motion, which resemble Hamilton-Jacobi equations with parabolic right-hand-sides, by using techniques from the hyperbolic conservation laws. Non-oscillatory schemes of various orders of accuracy are used to solve the equations, providing methods that accurately capture the formation of sharp gradients and cusps in the moving fronts. The algorithms handle topological merging and breaking naturally, work in any number of space dimensions, and do not require that the moving surface be written as a function. The methods can be also used for more general Hamilton-Jacobitype problems. We demonstrate our algorithms by computing the solution to a variety of surface motion problems.
Classroom Capsules

Summary Geometrical insights are very helpful when learning about the Fourier series. Instead of focusing on trigonometric or exponential functions, we consider a more general collection of orthonormal functions. We show in an elementary way that a Taylor series can also be considered a special case of the generalized Fourier series, with an orthonormal base of power functions and a properly defined inner product.
Coordination and expertise foster legal textualism

Significance The transition from deference to authority to autonomous reasoning is a major landmark in moral development. In this light, it is interesting how citizens and especially legal experts often heed the letter of the law in detriment of their moral standards during judicial decision making. Despite substantial cultural variability in this phenomenon, our study documented a global tendency toward such “textualist” interpretation and provided an explanation for why it might prevail: prioritizing the letter of the law over its spirit helps citizens and judges reach a shared understanding of law's scope, which plausibly brings about long-term social benefits and outweighs the occasional moral cost of adopting a textualist strategy.
Food and beverage purchases at formal and informal outlets in Mexico

Abstract Objective: To examine food and beverage purchasing patterns across formal and informal outlets among Mexican households’ and explore differences by urbanicity and income. Design: Cross-sectional study of a nationally representative sample of households. We calculated the proportion of total food and beverage expenditure in each household by food outlet type overall and by urbanicity and income. We defined informal outlets as those which are not registered or regulated by tax and fiscal laws. Since some of the outlets within community food environments do not fall in clear categories, we defined a continuum from formal to informal outlets, adding mixed outlets as a category. Setting: Mexico. Participants: Mexican households (n 74 203) from the 2018 National Income and Expenditure Survey. Results: Of the total food and beverage purchases, outlets within the formal food sector (i.e. supermarkets and convenience stores) accounted for 15 % of the purchases, 13 % of purchases occurred in outlets within the informal food sector (i.e. street markets, street vendors and acquaintances) and 70 % in fiscally mixed outlets (i.e. small neighbourhood stores, specialty stores and public markets). Across levels of urbanicity and income, most food and beverage purchases occurred in mixed outlets. Also, purchases in informal and mixed outlets decreased as levels of urbanicity and income increased. In contrast to informal outlets, purchases in formal outlets were most likely from richer households and living in larger sized cities. Conclusions: Understanding where Mexican households shop for food is relevant to create tailored interventions according to food outlet type, accounting for regulatory and governance structures.
COMMON FIXED POINT THEOREMS FOR SET-VALUED AND SINGLE-VALUED MAPPINGS

The concepts of ¿-compatibility and weakly compatibility between a setvalued mapping and a single-valued mapping of Jungck and Rhoades [8, 9] are used to prove some common fixed point theorems on metric spaces. Generalizations of known results are thereby obtained. In particular, theorems by Fisher [2] and Khan, Kubiaczyk and Sessa [11] are generalized. An example is given to support our generalization.
“Covid‐19 is dangerous”: The role of parental verbal threat information on children's fear of Covid‐19

Abstract Introduction Theoretical and empirical evidence suggests that the effect of parental verbal threat information on the offspring's fear acquisition of novel stimuli may be causal. The current study investigated this verbal fear acquisition pathway from parents to children in the unique context of Covid‐19 as a novel environmental threat for parents and children. Methods Using an online cross‐sectional survey, we collected data about fear of Covid‐19, parent–child communication, parental anxiety, and child temperament, in the period between June 11th 2020 and May 28th 2021. Participants were 8 to 18‐year‐old children (N = 195; M age = 14.23; 113 girls) and their parents (N = 193; M age = 47.82; 146 mothers) living in the Netherlands. Results Children of parents with stronger Covid‐19 fears also reported stronger Covid‐19 fears. Moreover, parents who were more fearful of Covid‐19 provided more threat‐related information about the virus to their children. More parental threat information in turn was related to stronger fear of Covid‐19 in their children, and partly mediated the link between parent and child fear of the virus. The link between parental threat information and children's fear of Covid‐19 was not moderated by child temperament or parental anxiety. Conclusions Parental communication about Covid‐19 may play a role in children's fear acquisition of Covid‐19. The lack of moderation of this link by parental anxiety and child temperament may reflect the potentially adaptive nature of verbal fear transmission during the first year of the pandemic and the nonclinical levels of fear in this community sample.
Isospectral surfaces of small genus

In this note, we will construct simple examples of isospectral surfaces. In what follows, we will use the term “surface” to mean a surface endowed with a Riemannian metric, while the term “Riemann surface” will be reserved for a surface endowed with a metric of constant curvature. We will show: THEOREM 1. There exist pairs of surfaces S1 and S2 of genus 3, such that S1 and S2 are isospectral but not isometric. THEOREM 2. There exist pairs of Riemann surfaces S1 and S2 of genus 4 and 6, which are isospectral but not isometric. THEOREM 3. There exist unoriented surfaces S1 and S2 of Euler characteristic X(S1) = X(S2) = — 6 which are isospectral but not isometric.
The Cost Effectiveness of Unicompartmental versus Total Knee Arthroplasty

Abstract This study examines the potential cost savings for the health system and the community in a broadly accessible model through the increased utilization of unicompartmental knee arthroplasty (UKA) using robotic arm-assisted UKA (raUKA) versus conventional total knee arthroplasty (cTKA). We retrospectively reviewed 240 patients where the first 120 consecutive raUKA performed during this period were matched to 120 cTKAs. Clinical data from the medical records and costs for procedure for each component were collected. Bivariate analyses were performed on the data to determine if there were statistically significant differences by surgery type in clinical outcomes and financial costs. There was a significantly lower cost incurred for raUKA versus cTKA with an average saving of AU$7,179 per case. The operating time (86.0 vs. 75.9 minutes; p = 0.004) was significantly higher for raUKA, but the length of stay was significantly lower (1.8 vs. 4.8 days; p < 0.001). There was a significant difference in the use of opioids between raUKA and cTKA (125.0 morphine equivalent [ME] vs. 522.1 ME, p < 0.001). This study demonstrated that the use of raUKA rather than cTKA in suitably indicated patients may realize significant cost savings.
Thermo-/pH-Dual-Sensitive PEG/PAMAM Nanogel: Reaction Dynamics and Plugging Application of CO2 Channeling

Smart hydrogels, owing to their exceptional viscoelastic and deformable capacity in response to environmental stimulation involving temperature and pH, have been successfully applied in oilfields for purposes such as water and/or gas shutoff treatments. However, the CO2 breakthrough problem in low permeability reservoirs has not been well solved. In this work, a rheological method-based Avrami dynamics model and Dickinson dynamics model were employed to investigate the dynamic gelation process of thermo-/pH-dual-sensitive PEG/PAMAM nanogels to further our understanding of the microstructure of their gelation and pertinence plugging application. Plugging experiments were performed by alternating injections of CO2 and hydrogel solution in a slug type on three fractured low permeability cores with a backpressure of 13 MPa. The nanogels presented a secondary growth pattern from three to one dimension from micrometer to nanometer size with a morphological transformation from a sphere to an irregular ellipsoid or disk shape. The phase transition temperature was 50 °C, and the phase transition pH was 10. If both or either were below these values, the hydrogel swelled; otherwise, it shrank. Plugging results show that the plugging efficiency was higher than 99%. The maximum breakthrough pressure was 19.93 MPa, and the corresponding residual pressure remained 17.64 MPa for a 10 mD core, exhibiting great plugging performance and high residual resistance after being broken through by CO2.
Laser-spectrometric gas analysis: CO2–TDLAS at 2 µm

Employing direct absorption spectroscopy and using a spectrometer comprising a single-pass and a multipass white cell, we probed the R(12) line of carbon dioxide (CO2) in the combination band around 2 µm. Gravimetric gas standards containing CO2, between 300 and 60 000 µmol mol−1 (0.03% to 6%), in N2 were quantified by means of the TILSAM method. The spectrometric results were compared with the gravimetric reference values. We describe our implementation of the ‘Guide to the Expression of Uncertainty in Measurements’ to infrared laser-spectrometric gas analysis. Data quality objectives are addressed by uncertainty and traceability flags. Uncertainty budgets are presented to show the quality of the results and to demonstrate software-assisted uncertainty assessment. The relative standard uncertainties of the spectrometrically measured CO2 amount fractions at, e.g., ambient levels of 360 µmol mol−1 and at exhaled breath gas levels of 50 mmol mol−1 were 1.4% and 0.7%, respectively. Our detection limit was 2.2 µmol mol−1. The reproducibility of individual results was in the ±1% range. Furthermore, we measured collisional broadening coefficients of the R(12) line of CO2 at 4987.31 cm−1. The relative standard uncertainties of the measured self-, nitrogen-, oxygen- and air-broadening coefficients were in the ±1.7% range.
Population dynamics of Baltic herring since the Viking Age revealed by ancient DNA and genomics

Significance A growing body of research indicates that ocean ecologies have been more impacted by human exploitation and for longer than previously understood. Here, we evaluate human impact on Baltic herring, an ecologically, culturally, and economically important species with an iconic history of exploitation. We observe genomic evidence of the earliest long-distance trade for this species, providing evidence for a longer exploitation history than previously understood. Observations of serial exploitation are consistent with classic patterns of resource depletion. Our results illustrate the importance of including knowledge regarding long-term population dynamics, including differential stock responses to climate change, in sustainable management strategies, as efforts to achieve food security by aquaculture- and marine-based industries are demanding ever-increasing resources from the oceans.
Out of the Plane: Flower versus Star Glyphs to Support High-Dimensional Exploration in Two-Dimensional Embeddings

Exploring high-dimensional data is a common task in many scientific disciplines. To address this task, two-dimensional embeddings, such as tSNE and UMAP, are widely used. While these determine the 2D position of data items, effectively encoding the first two dimensions, suitable visual encodings can be employed to communicate higher-dimensional features. To investigate such encodings, we have evaluated two commonly used glyph types, namely flower glyphs and star glyphs. To evaluate their capabilities for communicating higher-dimensional features in two-dimensional embeddings, we ran a large set of crowd-sourced user studies using real-world data obtained from data.gov. During these studies, participants completed a broad set of relevant tasks derived from related research. This article describes the evaluated glyph designs, details our tasks, and the quantitative study setup before discussing the results. Finally, we will present insights and provide guidance on the choice of glyph encodings when exploring high-dimensional data.
Indocyanine Green as a Navigational Adjunct for Laparoscopic Ablation of Liver Tumors

Background Minimally invasive operative approaches for resection and thermal ablation (eg, microwave, radiofrequency) of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) have been successfully implemented over the last two decades, although identifying tumors can be challenging. Successfully performing laparoscopic ablation requires real-time visualization and ultrasonography skills for direct placement of the ablation probe. Methods In this study, we introduce a novel adjunct to ultrasound imaging for tumors located near or on the surface of the liver via intravenous delivery of indocyanine green (ICG) dye. Non-resectable lesion(s) not amenable to percutaneous ablation were considered for laparoscopic microwave ablation. Each patient initially received a dose of . 3125 mg ICG via peripheral IV. Results A total of 17 patients were included. There was brisk uptake of ICG throughout the liver parenchyma in under 2 minutes in 15 of 17 patients; the remaining 2 required a second dose of ICG. In 14 cases, a hypo-fluorescent perfusion pattern in the tumor was clearly identified. Discussion Integrating ICG and fluorescent imaging provides a complementary adjunct to ultrasound in identifying HCC nodules. While previous applications of ICG typically require injections several days prior to surgery or segmental injections, this study demonstrates a novel real-time application of ICG to aid surgeons with various experiences in laparoscopic-assisted ablation procedures for HCC.
De Novo Discovery of Thiopeptide Pseudo-natural Products Acting as Potent and Selective TNIK Kinase Inhibitors

Bioengineering of ribosomally synthesized and post-translationally modified peptides (RiPPs) is an emerging approach to explore the diversity of pseudo-natural product structures for drug discovery purposes. However, despite the initial advances in this area, bioactivity reprogramming of multienzyme RiPP biosynthetic pathways remains a major challenge. Here, we report a platform for de novo discovery of functional thiopeptides based on reengineered biosynthesis of lactazole A, a RiPP natural product assembled by five biosynthetic enzymes. The platform combines in vitro biosynthesis of lactazole-like thiopeptides and mRNA display to prepare and screen large (≥1012) combinatorial libraries of pseudo-natural products. We demonstrate the utility of the developed protocols in an affinity selection against Traf2- and NCK-interacting kinase (TNIK), a protein involved in several cancers, which yielded a plethora of candidate thiopeptides. Of the 11 synthesized compounds, 9 had high affinities for the target kinase (best KD = 1.2 nM) and 10 inhibited its enzymatic activity (best Ki = 3 nM). X-ray structural analysis of the TNIK/thiopeptide interaction revealed the unique mode of substrate-competitive inhibition exhibited by two of the discovered compounds. The thiopeptides internalized to the cytosol of HEK293H cells as efficiently as the known cell-penetrating peptide Tat (4–6 μM). Accordingly, the most potent compound, TP15, inhibited TNIK in HCT116 cells. Altogether, our platform enables the exploration of pseudo-natural thiopeptides with favorable pharmacological properties in drug discovery applications.
LC3-dependent EV loading and secretion (LDELS) promotes TFRC (transferrin receptor) secretion via extracellular vesicles

ABSTRACT LC3-dependent EV loading and secretion (LDELS) is a secretory autophagy pathway in which the macroautophagy/autophagy machinery facilitates the packaging of cytosolic cargos, such as RNA-binding proteins, into extracellular vesicles (EVs) for secretion outside of the cell. Here, we identify TFRC (transferrin receptor), one of the first proteins found to be secreted via EVs, as a transmembrane cargo of the LDELS pathway. Similar to other LDELS targets, TFRC secretion via EVs genetically requires components of the MAP1LC3/LC3-conjugation machinery but is independent of other ATGs involved in classical autophagosome formation. Furthermore, the packaging and secretion of this transmembrane protein into EVs depends on multiple ESCRT pathway components and the small GTPase RAB27A. Based on these results, we propose that the LDELS pathway promotes TFRC incorporation into EVs and its secretion outside the cell. Abbreviations: ATG: autophagy related; ESCRT: endosomal sorting complexes required for transport; EV: extracellular vesicle; EVP: extracellular vesicle and particle; ILV: intralumenal vesicle; LDELS: LC3-dependent EV loading and secretion; LIR: LC3-interacting region; MVE: multivesicular endosome; RBP: RNA-binding protein; TMT: tandem mass tag; TFRC: transferrin receptor.
No Mediation Effect of Telomere Length or Mitochondrial DNA Copy Number on the Association Between Adverse Childhood Experiences (ACEs) and Central Arterial Stiffness

Background Adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) have been linked to increased cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk. Previous reports have suggested that accelerated biological aging—indexed by telomere length (TL) and mitochondrial DNA copy number (mtDNAcn)—may contribute to associations between ACEs and cardiovascular health outcomes. Here, we examine the potential mediating effects of TL and mtDNAcn on the association between ACEs and central arterial stiffness—an intermediate cardiovascular health outcome—as a novel pathway linking ACEs to CVD risk among young adults. Methods and Results One hundred and eighty‐five (n=102 women; mean age, 22.5±1.5 years) individuals provided information on ACEs. TL (kb per diploid cell) and mtDNAcn (copies per diploid cell) were quantified using quantitative polymerase chain reaction techniques. Central arterial stiffness was measured as carotid‐femoral pulse wave velocity (cfPWV; m/s). Multiple linear regression analyses were used to examine the associations between ACEs, TL, mtDNAcn, and cfPWV. ACEs were positively associated with cfPWV (β=0.147, P=0.035). TL (β=−0.170, P=0.011) and mtDNAcn (β=−0.159, P=0.019) were inversely associated with cfPWV. Neither TL (β=−0.027, P=0.726) nor mtDNAcn (β=0.038, P=0.620) was associated with ACEs. Neither marker mediated the association between ACEs and cfPWV. Conclusions An increasing number of ACEs were associated with a faster cfPWV and thus, a greater degree of central arterial stiffness. ACEs were not associated with either TL or mtDNAcn, suggesting that these markers do not represent a mediating pathway linking ACEs to central arterial stiffness.