Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Apprenticeship in Thinking: Cognitive Development in Social Context

PART I: The individual and the sociocultural context: Conceiving the relationship of the social world and the individual The sociocultural context of cognitive activity PART II: Processes of guided participation: Providing bridges from known to new Structuring situations and transferring responsibility Cultural universals and variations in guided participation PART III: Cognitive development through interaction with adults and peers: Explanations for cognitive development through social interaction: Vygotsky and Piaget Evidence of learning from guided participation with adults Peer interaction and cognitive development Shared thinking and guided participation.
Biological Big Bytes: Integrative Analysis of Large Biological Datasets

This current special issue aims to provide a forum for researchers to present the latest advances and state-of-the-art techniques, tools and applications in biological big data analysis. The past decade has witnessed tremendous growth in massive and complex omic data sets that are generated continuously by high-throughput experimental technologies such as Next Generation Sequencing (NGS). Today, we are surrounded by a world of big data and we are struggling to make sense of it. The increasing availability of omics data represents an unprecedented opportunity for bioinformaticians, but also a major challenge because of diverse heterogeneous factors. Uncovering hidden patterns from such a huge and heterogeneous amount of omics data allows the creation of predictive models for real-life applications. Research in bioinformatics is moving from a hypothesis-driven to a data-driven approach. The main issue is the need of improved bioinformatics solutions. For example, how to build an appropriate architecture for speciﬁc omics data system to manage, access and interpret data. Therefore, new paradigms
Synthesis Flow for Cell-Based Adiabatic Quantum-Flux-Parametron Structural Circuit Generation With HDL Back-End Verification

Adiabatic quantum-flux-parametron (AQFP) logic is a very energy-efficient platform to perform computing with superconductivity. In AQFP logic, dynamic energy dissipation can be drastically reduced due to the adiabatic switching operations using ac excitation currents. During the past few years, the AQFP logic family has been investigated and implemented into various operational circuits. Experimental results prove the robustness of building large-scale integrated AQFP circuits. In this paper, an AQFP very large scale integration (VLSI) design flow is introduced and detailed with a 16-b decoder as an example circuit. By including logic synthesis and automatic routing tools, this AQFP VLSI design flow is capable of converting a high-level description of a system into a physical layout. Analysis suggests that a reduction of more than 40% in circuit area and a much higher design efficiency can be obtained, compared to a previous design done manually.
Estimation of long-term trends and variation in avian survival probabilities using random effects models

We obtained banding and recovery data from the Bird Banding Laboratory (operated by the Biological Resources Division of the US Geological Survey) for adults from 129 avian species that had been continuously banded for > 24 years. Data were partitioned by gender, banding period (winter versus summer), and by states/provinces. Data sets were initially screened for adequacy based on specific criteria (e.g. minimum sample sizes). Fifty-nine data sets (11 waterfowl species, the Mourning Dove and Common Grackle) met our criteria of adequacy for further analysis. We estimated annual survival probabilities using the Brownie et al. recovery model {St, ft} in program MARK. Trends in annual survival and temporal process variation were estimated using random effects models based on shrinkage estimators. Waterfowl species had relatively little variation in annual survival probabilities (mean CV = 8.7% and 10% for males and females, respectively). The limited data for other species suggested similar low temporal variation for males, but higher temporal variation for females (CV = 40%). Evidence for long-term trends varied by species, banding period and sex, with no obvious spatial patterns for either positive or negative trends in survival probabilities. An exception was Mourning Doves banded in Illinois/Missouri and Arizona/New Mexico where both males (slope = -0.0122, se = 0.0019 and females (slope = -0.0109 to -0.0128, se = 0.0018 -0.0032) exhibited declining trends in survival probabilities. We believe our approach has application for large-scale monitoring. However, meaningful banding and recovery data for species other than waterfowl is very limited in North America.
Downregulation of Plasma miR-215 in Chronic Myeloid Leukemia Patients with Successful Discontinuation of Imatinib

Approximately 40% of chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) patients who discontinue imatinib (IM) therapy maintain undetectable minimal residual disease (UMRD) for more than one year (stopping IM (STOP-IM)). To determine a possible biomarker for STOP-IM CML, we examined plasma miRNA expression in CML patients who were able to discontinue IM. We first screened candidate miRNAs in unselected STOP-IM patients, who had sustained UMRD after discontinuing IM for more than six months, in comparison with healthy volunteers, by using a TaqMan low-density array for plasma or exosomes. Exosomal miR-215 and plasma miR-215 were downregulated in the STOP-IM group compared to the control, indicating that the biological relevance of the plasma miR-215 level is equivalent to that of the exosomal level. Next, we performed real-time quantitative RT-PCR in 20 STOP-IM patients, 32 patients with UMRD on continued IM therapy (IM group) and 28 healthy volunteers. The plasma miRNA-215 level was significantly downregulated in the STOP-IM group (p < 0.0001); we determined the cut-off level and divided the IM group patients into two groups according to whether the plasma miR-215 was downregulated or not. The IM group patients with a low plasma miR-215 level had a significantly higher total IM intake, compared to the patients with elevated miR-215 levels (p = 0.0229). Functional annotation of miR-215 target genes estimated by the Database for Annotation, Visualization and Integrated Discovery (DAVID) bioinformatic tools involved cell cycle, mitosis, DNA repair and cell cycle checkpoint. Our study suggests a possible role of miR-215 in successful IM discontinuation.
Apple’s ResearchKit: smart data collection for the smartphone era?

Alongside the Apple Watch, in March 2015 Apple released ResearchKit, an open source software framework for medical research. Available at www.researchkit. org, ResearchKit enables investigators to create mobile applications which use the iPhone’s capacity to collect data, track movement and take measurements. Intended to facilitate largescale, opt-in surveys and observational studies as well as providing a new way for researchers to collect adjuvant data on subjects recruited elsewhere, ResearchKit is now demonstrating its power. A recently opened study of cardiovascular health at Stanford University recruited over 10,000 participants within 24 h of their ResearchKit platform being launched. Engagement with novel electronic research methodologies varies; barriers related to healthcare systems, culture and investigator technological fluency are challenging. Encouragingly, surveys of junior doctors indicate high levels of enthusiasm for developing new smartphone applications (apps) for use in healthcare and research. ResearchKit offers a development platform with relatively little assumed knowledge. Here, we outline and evaluate the framework, identifying issues for ethics approval and indicating how this system fits into current practice.
Dynamique des stratégies concurrentielles dans un contexte de libéralisation : le cas de l'industrie électrique en France

Notre travail de these s'interesse au courant de la dynamique concurrentielle et a l'etude de la rivalite entre entreprises. Il propose d'approfondir ces travaux et notamment la concurrence multimarches (appelee aussi competition multipoints) dans les secteurs en cours de liberalisation (industries de reseaux). En effet les comportements concurrentiels durant les processus de liberalisation restent aujourd'hui encore mal connus. Pour conduire cette recherche, nous avons choisi d'etudier une serie de cas d'entreprises (EDF, Electrabel, Endesa, Enel, Gaz de France, Poweo, Direct Energie.), actives sur le marche francais de l'electricite actuellement en cours de liberalisation (1996 – 2006). Cette recherche qualitative conduite par etudes de cas longitudinales, s'inscrit dans le cadre d'une convention CIFRE (entre le Ministere de la Recherche & la societe Electrabel France) incluant une implication forte dans la vie de l'entreprise et du secteur. Grâce a l'utilisation des sequences strategiques multidimensionnelles, nous avons identifie deux periodes strategiques, caracterisees pour la premiere, par une logique d'affrontement puis la seconde par une logique de retenue mutuelle. Nous defendons l'idee qu'apres une premiere phase d'apprentissage des regles d'un nouveau marche liberalise (affrontement, diversification, internationalisation), les operateurs ont rapidement et collectivement repositionne leurs priorites sur une strategie europeenne focalisee sur la convergence gaz – electricite. La mise en place d'une competition multimarches a entraine l'apparition d'une retenue mutuelle, particulierement profitable pour les grands acteurs. La conduite d'une strategie integree (marche & hors marche) ressort comme une variable importante dans la conduite et la legitimation de ces comportements.
The fourth element: characteristics, modelling and electromagnetic theory of the memristor

In 2008, researchers at the Hewlett–Packard (HP) laboratories published a paper in Nature reporting the development of a new basic circuit element that completes the missing link between charge and flux linkage, which was postulated by Chua in 1971 (Chua 1971 IEEE Trans. Circuit Theory 18, 507–519 (doi:10.1109/TCT.1971.1083337)). The HP memristor is based on a nanometre scale TiO2 thin film, containing a— doped region and an undoped region. Further to proposed applications of memristors in artificial biological systems and non-volatile RAM, they also enable reconfigurable nanoelectronics. Moreover, memristors provide new paradigms in application-specific integrated circuits and field programmable gate arrays. A significant reduction in area with an unprecedented memory capacity and device density are the potential advantages of memristors for integrated circuits. This work reviews the memristor and provides mathematical and SPICE models for memristors. Insight into the memristor device is given via recalling the quasi-static expansion of Maxwell’s equations. We also review Chua’s arguments based on electromagnetic theory.
Optimal transseptal puncture location for robot‐assisted left atrial catheter ablation

The preferred method of treatment for atrial fibrillation (AF) is by catheter ablation, in which a catheter is guided into the left atrium through a transseptal puncture. However, the transseptal puncture constrains the catheter, thereby limiting its manoeuvrability and increasing the difficulty in reaching various locations in the left atrium. In this paper, we address the problem of choosing the optimal transseptal puncture location for performing cardiac ablation to obtain maximum manoeuvrability of the catheter.
[Effects of differerent types of training and life styles on anthropometric and cardiocirculatory markers in aging].

OBJECTIVE The aim of this experimental study was to compare the effects of different forms of training and life styles on hemodynamic markers, cardiac capacity, Waist-to-Hip Ratio-WHR and Body Mass Index-BMI in elders, between 60-69 years, of both sexes. MATERIALS AND METHODS The sample was composed of elders, between 60-69 years, of both sexes: masculine N=159 and feminine N=157. They were divided into three groups: experimental 1: n=53 (masculine) and n=51 (feminine) activity: cardio respiratory endurance; experimental 2: n=53 (masculine) and n=53 (feminine) activity: resistance training with Local Muscle Resistance-RML; control group: n=53 (masculine) and n=53 (feminine) who didn t practice any regular physical activity, considered sedentary. The variables investigated were BMI, WHR, Cardiac Frequency at rest, Systolic Blood Pressure, Diastolic Blood Pressure, Mean Blood Pressure and Double Product. The data analysis was descriptive and inferential and comparisons were performed between groups and inter groups. The data collected in this study and the hypothesis test showed the benefits of physical activity on the selected parameters for observation. RESULTS It was demonstrated the existence of significative difference (p<0.05) in the studied variables. CONCLUSIONS There is a need for adherence in broad-spectrum physical activity in elders.
Kohlberg's original study of moral development.

v. 1. Defining perspectives in moral development -- v. 2. Fundamental research in moral development -- v. 3. Kohlberg's original study of moral development -- v. 4. The great justice debate -- v. 5. New research in moral development -- v. 6. Caring voices and women's moral frames -- v. 7. Reaching out.
Impact of late diagnosis and treatment on life expectancy in people with HIV-1: UK Collaborative HIV Cohort (UK CHIC) Study

Objectives To estimate life expectancy for people with HIV undergoing treatment compared with life expectancy in the general population and to assess the impact on life expectancy of late treatment, defined as CD4 count <200 cells/mm3 at start of antiretroviral therapy. Design Cohort study. Setting Outpatient HIV clinics throughout the United Kingdom. Population Adult patients from the UK Collaborative HIV Cohort (UK CHIC) Study with CD4 count ≤350 cells/mm3 at start of antiretroviral therapy in 1996-2008. Main outcome measures Life expectancy at the exact age of 20 (the average additional years that will be lived by a person after age 20), according to the cross sectional age specific mortality rates during the study period. Results 1248 of 17 661 eligible patients died during 91 203 person years’ follow-up. Life expectancy (standard error) at exact age 20 increased from 30.0 (1.2) to 45.8 (1.7) years from 1996-9 to 2006-8. Life expectancy was 39.5 (0.45) for male patients and 50.2 (0.45) years for female patients compared with 57.8 and 61.6 years for men and women in the general population (1996-2006). Starting antiretroviral therapy later than guidelines suggest resulted in up to 15 years’ loss of life: at age 20, life expectancy was 37.9 (1.3), 41.0 (2.2), and 53.4 (1.2) years in those starting antiretroviral therapy with CD4 count <100, 100-199, and 200-350 cells/mm3, respectively. Conclusions Life expectancy in people treated for HIV infection has increased by over 15 years during 1996-2008, but is still about 13 years less than that of the UK population. The higher life expectancy in women is magnified in those with HIV. Earlier diagnosis and subsequent timely treatment with antiretroviral therapy might increase life expectancy.
Classroom Management for Elementary Teachers

Each chapter contains "Further Readings" and "Suggested Activities. " Preface. 1. Organizing Your Classroom and Supplies. Five Keys to Good Room Arrangement. Suggestions for Arranging Your Classroom. Checklist 1: Room Preparation. 2. Establishing Classroom Norms and Expectations. What is an Effectively Managed Classroom? Preliminary Considerations. Planning Classroom Procedures. Case Study 2.1: Rules and Procedures in an Second-Grade Class. Case Study 2.2: Using Centers in a Multitask Classroom. Checklist 2: Norms, Expectations, Rules and Procedures. 3. Fostering Student Accountability. Clear Communication of Assignments and Work Requirements. Monitoring Progress on and Completion of Assignments. Managing the Paperwork. Feedback to Students. Case Study 3.1: Managing Student Work. Case Study 3.2: Keeping Students Involved During Center Activities. Case Study 3.3: Using Technology in an Upper Elementary Grade. Case Study 3.4: Poor Work and Study Habits in a Forth-Grade Class. Checklist 3: Accountability Procedures. 4. Getting Off to a Good Start. Creating a Positive Climate in Your Classroom. Teaching Rules and Procedures. Planning for a Good Beginning. Case Study 4.1: Beginning the Year in a Literature Based-Primary Classroom. Case Study 4.2: Beginning the Year in a Sixth-Grade Math Class Using Cooperative Learning. Checklist 4: Preparation for the Beginning of School. 5. Planning and Conducting Instruction. Planning Instructional Activities. Kounin's Concepts for Managing Whole-Group Instruction. Common Problems in Conducting Instruction. Case Study 5.1: A Science Lesson in a Sixth-Grade Classroom. Checklist 5: Planning for Instruction. 6. Managing Cooperative Learning Groups. Research on Cooperative Learning. Examples of Group Activities. Strategies that Support Cooperative Learning. Monitoring Student Work and Behavior. Interventions for Groups. Effective Group-Work Skills. Beginning the Use of Cooperative Learning Groups. Checklist 6: Planning for Cooperative Group Instruction. 7. Maintaining Appropriate Student Behavior. Monitoring Student Behavior. Consistency. Management of Inappropriate Behavior. Building a Positive Climate. Improving Class Climate through Incentives or Rewards. Caution in the Use of Rewards. Case Study 7.1: Example of Incentives and Rewards. 8. Communication Skills for Teaching. Constructive Assertiveness. Empathic Responding. Problem Solving. Talking with Parents. Case Study 8.1: Three Dialogues. 9. Managing Problem Behaviors. What Is Problem Behavior? Goals for Managing Problem Behavior. Management Strategies. Special Problems. A Final Reminder: Think and Act Positively. 10. Managing Special Groups. Assessing Entering Achievement. Identifying Special Groups. Strategies for Individual Differences. Working with Special Needs Students. Teaching Lower-Achieving Students. Case Study 10.1: Organizing Reading Instruction for Low Academic Level Students. Case Study 10.2: Supporting Students with Auditory Disabilities in the Classroom. Problem Scenarios. Appendix: Answer Keys for Chapter Activities. References and Further Readings. Index.
Conformal de Rham Hodge theory and operators generalising the Q-curvature

We look at several problems in even dimensional conformal geometry based around the de Rham complex. A leading and motivating problem is to find a conformally invariant replacement for the usual de Rham harmonics. An obviously related problem is to find, for each order of differential form bundle, a ``gauge'' operator which completes the exterior derivative to a system which is both elliptically coercive and conformally invariant. Treating these issues involves constructing a family of new operators which, on the one hand, generalise Branson's celebrated Q-curvature and, on the other hand, compose with the exterior derivative and its formal adjoint to give operators on differential forms which generalise the critical conformal power of the Laplacian of Graham-Jenne-Mason-Sparling. We prove here that, like the critical conformal Laplacians, these conformally invariant operators are not strongly invariant. The construction draws heavily on the ambient metric of Fefferman-Graham and its relationship to the conformal tractor connection and exploring this relationship will be a central theme of the lectures.
Temporal Variations in the Abundance and Composition of Biofilm Communities Colonizing Drinking Water Distribution Pipes

Pipes that transport drinking water through municipal drinking water distribution systems (DWDS) are challenging habitats for microorganisms. Distribution networks are dark, oligotrophic and contain disinfectants; yet microbes frequently form biofilms attached to interior surfaces of DWDS pipes. Relatively little is known about the species composition and ecology of these biofilms due to challenges associated with sample acquisition from actual DWDS. We report the analysis of biofilms from five pipe samples collected from the same region of a DWDS in Florida, USA, over an 18 month period between February 2011 and August 2012. The bacterial abundance and composition of biofilm communities within the pipes were analyzed by heterotrophic plate counts and tag pyrosequencing of 16S rRNA genes, respectively. Bacterial numbers varied significantly based on sampling date and were positively correlated with water temperature and the concentration of nitrate. However, there was no significant relationship between the concentration of disinfectant in the drinking water (monochloramine) and the abundance of bacteria within the biofilms. Pyrosequencing analysis identified a total of 677 operational taxonomic units (OTUs) (3% distance) within the biofilms but indicated that community diversity was low and varied between sampling dates. Biofilms were dominated by a few taxa, specifically Methylomonas, Acinetobacter, Mycobacterium, and Xanthomonadaceae, and the dominant taxa within the biofilms varied dramatically between sampling times. The drinking water characteristics most strongly correlated with bacterial community composition were concentrations of nitrate, ammonium, total chlorine and monochloramine, as well as alkalinity and hardness. Biofilms from the sampling date with the highest nitrate concentration were the most abundant and diverse and were dominated by Acinetobacter.
Taking up physical activity in later life and healthy ageing: the English longitudinal study of ageing

Background Physical activity is associated with improved overall health in those people who survive to older ages, otherwise conceptualised as healthy ageing. Previous studies have examined the effects of mid-life physical activity on healthy ageing, but not the effects of taking up activity later in life. We examined the association between physical activity and healthy ageing over 8 years of follow-up. Methods Participants were 3454 initially disease-free men and women (aged 63.7±8.9 years at baseline) from the English Longitudinal Study of Ageing, a prospective study of community dwelling older adults. Self-reported physical activity was assessed at baseline (2002–2003) and through follow-up. Healthy ageing, assessed at 8 years of follow-up (2010-2011), was defined as those participants who survived without developing major chronic disease, depressive symptoms, physical or cognitive impairment. Results At follow-up, 19.3% of the sample was defined as healthy ageing. In comparison with inactive participants, moderate (OR, 2.67, 95% CI 1.95 to 3.64), or vigorous activity (3.53, 2.54 to 4.89) at least once a week was associated with healthy ageing, after adjustment for age, sex, smoking, alcohol, marital status and wealth. Becoming active (multivariate adjusted, 3.37, 1.67 to 6.78) or remaining active (7.68, 4.18 to 14.09) was associated with healthy ageing in comparison with remaining inactive over follow-up. Conclusions Sustained physical activity in older age is associated with improved overall health. Significant health benefits were even seen among participants who became physically active relatively late in life.