Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Trace element models for mantle melting: application to volcanic arc petrogenesis

Abstract Understanding mantle melting above subduction zones requires an evaluation of the behaviour of elements for which the mantle contribution greatly exceeds any subduction contribution. In this paper we present a compilation of partition coefficients for a suite of these elements (Nb, Zr, Y, Yb, Ca, Al, Ga, V, Sc, Fe, Mn, Co, Cr, Mg, Ni) for temperatures of 1200–1300°C, oxygen fugacities of QFM ± 1 and sub-alkaline compositions. These coefficients yield good-fit mantle depletion trends for abyssal, orogenic and trench-wall peridotites. Modelling of pooled melts from mantle melting columns, presented as FMM (fertile MORB mantle) normalized patterns, give signatures of the composition and degree of melting of the mantle wedge that are generally independent of the subduction component. In particular, patterns formed from melting of fertile mantle exhibit normalized element abundances in the order VHI > HI > MI (VHI = very highly incompatible, HI = highly incompatible and MI = moderately incompatible) at low degrees of melting, becoming VHI = HI = MI at high degrees of melting. With derivation from progressively depleted sources, the patterns for moderate degrees of melting change to VHI < HI = MI at moderate degrees of depletion and VHI < HI < MI at high degrees of depletion. The details, but not the principles, can be varied by changing the shape of the melting column, the porosity of the mantle during melting, the potential temperature of the mantle, and the temperature and depth of initiation of melting. Bivariate plots of elements of contrasting compatibilities (Cr-Yb, Sc-Yb, Nb-Yb) can be contoured according to the degree of depletion or enrichment of the mantle and the degree of melting, with selected plots also emphasizing the role of garnet (Ti-Yb) and oxygen fugacity (V-Yb). Evaluation of data from present-day volcanic arcs suggests that: (1) intra-oceanic arcs with associated active backarc basins are derived principally from fertile MORB mantle that has lost up to about 3% melt in a previous melting event; (2) this depletion takes place in spinel lherzolite facies, supporting models that relate it to backarc basin melting events; (3) oceanic arcs with no associated backarc basins are derived principally from fertile MORB mantle, though enriched sources can be important locally; (4) intra-continental arcs are commonly derived from enriched mantle, probably because of the involvement of sub-continental lithosphere; (5) degrees of melting are probably high (in the order of 25–30%) in intra-oceanic arcs on thin crust, decreasing to 150r less in areas of thicker lithosphere; (6) some 10% melting can be explained by volatile addition to the mantle, the remainder by decompression.
Paleoseismology of deep-sea faults based on marine surveys of northern Okushiri ridge in the Japan Sea

[1] The eastern margin of the Japan Sea is an incipient convergent margin characterized by distributed active faults and large-scale earthquakes. To evaluate the earthquake potential of the northern margin, the source area of the 1940 Shakotan–Hanto-oki earthquake (M7.5) was reexamined, and the earthquake recurrence interval was estimated by combining bathymetric, seismic, and dive survey data with a tsunami simulation. Seismic profiling clarified that five anticlines have formed in and around this source area during the last 1.8 million years. The balanced cross section of one anticline supports that thrust faults extend to the base of the upper brittle crust at about 11 km depth and total slip is about 850 m. Dive surveys identified fresh collapses along the forelimbs of two anticlines. Inversion of observed tsunami waveforms to estimate the slip distribution suggests that these two anticlines were the sources of the 1940 earthquake. The other three anticlines may be seismic gaps. The dive surveys collected debris layers, possible records of paleoearthquakes, in muddy sediments. From the rate of muddy sediment deposition around the anticlines the minimum recurrence interval of earthquakes was estimated to be about 1100 years. From structural modeling the average interval was about 6400 years, assuming that fault slip started 1.8 million years ago and 3 m of slip occurred during each earthquake. Taking into account the above results and the instantaneous plate convergent rate between the Okhotsk and Amurian plates, the recurrence interval was inferred to be 1100 to a few thousand years.
Disagreement between predictions of the future behavior of the Arctic oscillation as simulated in Two different climate models: Implications for global warming

Two global climate models (HadCM2 and ECHAM) forced with the same greenhouse‐gas scenario (IS92a) are found to disagree in their simulated long‐term trends of the intensity of the Arctic Oscillation (AO), an atmospheric circulation pattern of the Northern Hemisphere. The simulated AO trends are strongly dependent on the model and on the initial conditions of the simulations. The simulated winter temperature increase averaged over the Northern hemisphere is very similar in both models. However, the effect of the different AO trends on temperature causes clear differences in the predicted regional warming, which are reduced if the effects of the AO is linearly discounted. The uncertainty in the predictions of circulation changes has impacts on the estimation of regional temperature changes.
Drought Reconstructions for the Continental United States

Abstract The development of a 2° lat × 3° long grid of summer drought reconstructions for the continental United States estimated from a dense network of annual tree-ring chronologies is described. The drought metric used is the Palmer Drought Severity Index (PDSI). The number of grid points is 154 and the reconstructions cover the common period 1700–1978. In producing this grid, an automated gridpoint regression method called “point-by-point regression” was developed and tested. In so doing, a near-optimal global solution was found for its implementation. The reconstructions have been thoroughly tested for validity using PDSI data not used in regression modeling. In general, most of the gridpoint estimates of drought pass the verification tests used. In addition, the spatial features of drought in the United States have been faithfully recorded in the reconstructions even though the method of reconstruction is not explicitly spatial in its design. The drought reconstructions show that the 1930s “Dust Bow.
Smartphone Apps for Cannabis Cessation: Quality Assessment and Content Analysis

Background: The rising rates of cannabis use, cannabis-related problems, and hospitalization rates related to cannabis usage warrant further research into better treatment methods and interventions. Purpose: This study aims to identify the quality of free cannabis cessation applications available on both the Apple App Store and the Google Play Store and analyse their features, content, and adherence to evidence-based practices. Methods: A systematic search was conducted in April 2023 using a variety of keywords. The applications were deemed eligible if they were free, in English, available on both the Apple App Store and the Google Play Store and were related to cannabis cessation. Each application was used for at least one month and were rated on the Mobile App Rating Scale by two users. There was excellent agreement determined between the two reviewers ([≤]2 points on all categories). Results: A total of 4 applications were included in the overall quality and content analysis. The mean total quality scores of applications were determined to be 3.36 out of 5 indicating a poor to acceptable quality of applications. It was determined that there was a very limited number of available applications for users and those that were available were not of high quality with few applications incorporating evidence-based practices. Conclusions: There are a very limited number of cannabis cessation applications available, and the currently available products have poor to acceptable quality.
Design and Optimization of Inkjet-Printed Electrodes for Flexible Thin-Film Transistors

Inkjet printing (IJP) technology is now facing increasing demand of sophisticated designs and high-yield fabrication. This study proposes an advanced IJP process using commercially available electronic device automation (EDA) tools and 2.4 pL volume droplets. The parameters of inkjet-printed metal tracks are optimized after investigation of ink properties and printability. The optimization comes up with the minimum feature size that is directly related to design rules for thin-film transistors (TFTs). Based on the design rules, a layout is drawn with the EDA tools and converted to an IJP input file. Through the developed IJP process, a 5 x 5 array of TFTs is fabricated to show the feasibility of the process.
Understanding and quantifying whole soil-profile organic carbon transfer using an environmental tracer

Context . Quantifying soil organic carbon (SOC) depth distribution and its vertical transport is needed for both improved understanding of soil properties and behaviour as well as enhanced organic carbon sequestration. This is a global issue, that if better understood, could result in both more agriculturally productive soils as well as enhanced environmental outcomes. Aims . Quantify whole soil-pro ﬁ le SOC and down-pro ﬁ le movement at a series of sites in south-east Australia. Methods . Soil is sampled at regular intervals using cores and assessed for SOC and environmental tracer ( 137 Cs) concentration. Key results . Soils that have a high clay content (Vertosols) and crack (i.e. self mulching) have the highest SOC content. In high clay content soils, 137 Cs is present at depths well below that at which it would be present by diffusive processes. Conclusions . Surface soil, labelled with 137 Cs is moving down the soil pro ﬁ le by advective processes to depths well below that possible by diffusive processes alone. Using local erosion rates and carbon input, it is estimated that less than 1% of SOC is delivered to the cracking soils by erosional processes and that the majority of SOC must be produced in situ . Implications . Given that 137 Cs is a relatively new environmental tracer (1945 onwards), this suggests that surface labelled soil is reaching depths of up to 80 cm at decadal time scales. The methods and ﬁ ndings here have global applicability and provide insights into potential enhancement of carbon sequestration in both cropping and grazing landscapes.
Wind Estimation by Unmanned Air Vehicle with Delta Wing

In this paper, an algorithm to estimate wind direction by using a small and light Unmanned Air Vehicle(UAV) called KITEPLANE was proposed. KITEPLANE had a big main wing which is a kite-like delta shape and, therefore, it was easy to be disturbed by wind. However, this disadvantage implies that the KITEPLANE has an ability to sense wind and that it is expected to use the KITEPLANE as a sensor for wind estimation. In order to achieve this feature, dynamics of the KITEPLANE under wind disturbance were derived and a numerical estimation method was proposed. Devices equipped on board were also developed and the proposed method was implemented. Results of an experiment showed the effectiveness of the proposed method.
Physics-Aware Planning of Broadband Powerline Communication in Low Voltage Distribution Grids

The increasing integration of decentral energy consumers and generators requires an appropriate information and communication infrastructure. One key technology to establish secure and low-cost communication links in distribution grids is Broadband Powerline Communication. Although Powerline Communication appears to be an attractive technology for the Advanced Metering Infrastructure, the planning of networks regarding Quality-of-Service is still challenging. In this work, we present a novel planning framework, which incorporates a detailed Physical Layer calculation. Compared to established tools, our framework enables inherently valid end-to-end data rate estimation and produces precise planning results for accurate input data. To evaluate the sensitivities towards the needed physical parametrization, we present a reference implementation accompanied by a case study. Additionally, we introduce a new planning procedure based on Tabu Search and compare it to an established approach based on a Genetic Algorithm.
The Impact of Assets Structure and the Components of Cash Conversion Cycle on the Egyptian SMEs Financial Failure Predictability

: This study investigates determinants of Egyptian SMEs financial failure predictability based on a sample of 32 failure SMEs and 28 non-failure SMEs for the period 2013 and 2019. The determinants of SMEs financial failure are categorized into four groups; Working Capital, Asset Structure, Liquidity, and Leverage. The factor and logistic regression analysis are employed to identify the most significant independent variables that classify between failure and none- failure Egyptian’s SMEs and determine the driver of SMEs financial failure. Our findings significantly show that failing SMEs suffer from long cash conversion cycles resulting from long inventory holding period, average collection period, and short average payment period, in addition to lower liquidity, excessive use of debt to assets, and lower fixed assets percentage, in contrast to non-failure Egyptian’s SMEs.
Perched aquifers spatial model: a case study for Ljubljansko polje (central Slovenia)

Ljubljansko polje aquifer is one of the biggest and most important aquifers in Slovenia. In general it is an unconfined aquifer, but locally, on the SW part, layers with low hydraulic conductivity appear and on those areas perched aquifers are formed. Based on lithological data from boreholes (emphasizing hydraulic conductivity of lithological units) and use of geostatistical method Sequential Indicator Simulation (SIS) hydrogeological model of western part of Ljubljansko polje was made. In the model layers with hydraulic conductivity K < 10-6 m/s and area larger than 0.07 km2 were defined as potential areas of perched aquifers. The majority of them are located on the foothills of Si{enski and Grajski hrib.
Analysis of IGBT Reliability Considering Bonding Line Fault

Insulated gate bipolar transistor (IGBT) is the core component of the widely used power converter. IGBT is the most fragile device in the converter, and the fault of bond wire will cause IGBT aging failure. In this paper, the influence of overload current applied on IGBT bonding wire and bonding wire shedding on the reliability of IGBT module is analyzed in ANSYS. The results show that when overload current is applied or bonding wire falls off, the overall temperature of the module will increase or even exceed the maximum allowable temperature, resulting in a decrease in the reliability level of IGBT, which will cause module failure in severe cases.
Detection and removal of inveracious edges of shadows based on wavelet transform

An algorithm of detection and removal for the inveracious edge of shadow in borescope images based on wavelet transform is presented. Because inveracious edges which shadows result in will influence the validity of subsequent image recognition, it is necessary to remove those inveracious edges that are extracted directly from borescope images. The grey levels of shadow regions in borescope images are low and uniform. Therefore, contours of shadows are step-structure borders. Thus, the algorithm first extracts all the edges from image using dyadic wavelet transform at multiscale. Further, the borders of shadow regions are detected from all the edges by using the property that the wavelet coefficients of step-structure borders are not correlative to the scales of wavelet transform, and connected. Finally, a neighborhood function is constructed to recognize and remove those pixels on the inveracious border. Experiment results show that this algorithm can directly obtain the intrinsical edges.
Probabilistic Screening Tool for Ground-Water Contamination Assessment

This paper presents a methodology for assessing the effects of source-, chemical-, and aquifer-related parameter uncertainty on the response of a semianalytical transport model using first- and second-order reliability methods. A probabilistic model is developed by coupling the deterministic transport model with a general-purpose probability analysis program. Ground-water contamination risk is addressed by evaluating the probability that a given contaminant exceeds the regulated standards at a well downgradient from a waste source. The general applicability of the methodology is demonstrated on two simple hypothetical case studies of transport of nonreactive and reactive solutes in the subsurface. Sensitivities of the probabilistic outcome to the basic uncertainties in the input random variables are provided through importance factors. The reliability-method results are checked against those obtained using the classical Monte Carlo--simulation method, and the results are in good agreement except for very low probability events in which the reliability methods provide accurate results much more efficiently than the Monte Carlo method. The need for a careful trade-off analysis between accuracy and computer time is highlighted.
Master Computer Science Enginetron: realtime car exhaust note synthesis using on-board diagnostics through Text-to-Speech networks

Electric vehicles lack an auditory footprint as opposed to their Internal Combustion Engine counterparts. Even though in urban environments, engines are typically considered an annoyance and their sounds should typically be minimal, having some auditory footprint has its safety beneﬁts. Research shows that the sound of a combustion engine is easily detected as a moving object. Hence the synthesis of a realistic engine sound can be an important safety feature. This work focusses on synthesizing realtime car exhaust notes using an on-board diagnostics (OBD)-based language through Text-to-Speech (TTS) networks. A method is presented to synthesize OBD transcribed data through FMOD with AudioMotors. A large dataset of synthetic exhaust notes with corresponding OBD data is constructed by using synthetic OBD data to synthesize exhausts notes using FMOD with AudioMotors (using our FMOD-Enginesynth). The resulting dataset is named the FMOD-OBD-Dataset. An Extraction, Transformation and Load (ETL) script is introduced to transcribe the OBD data of engine expressions such that the dataset can be used as training set for a novel modiﬁed TTS engine. This ETL and modiﬁed TTS engine form Enginetron. The performance of Enginetron is evaluated using a Fréchet Audio Distance (FAD) score.
Long-Wave Elastic Anisotropy Produced by Horizontal Layering

A horizontally layered inhomogeneous medium, isotropic or transversely isotropic, is considered, whose properties are constant or nearly so when averaged over some vertical height l′. For waves longer than l′ the medium is shown to behave like a homogeneous, or nearly homogeneous, transversely isotropic medium whose density is the average density and whose elastic coefficients are algebraic combinations of averages of algebraic combinations of the elastic coefficients of the original medium. The nearly homogeneous medium is said to be ‘long-wave equivalent’ to the original medium. Conditions on the five elastic coefficients of a homogeneous transversely isotropic medium are derived which are necessary and sufficient for the medium to be ‘long-wave equivalent’ to a horizontally layered isotropic medium. Further conditions are also derived which are necessary and sufficient for the homogeneous medium to be ‘long-wave equivalent’ to a horizontally layered isotropic medium consisting of only two different homogeneous isotropic materials. Except in singular cases, if the latter two-layered medium exists at all, its proportions and elastic coefficients are uniquely determined by the elastic coefficients of the homogeneous transversely isotropic medium. The observed variations in crustal P-wave velocity with depth, obtained from well logs, are shown to be large enough to explain some of the observed crustal anisotropies as due to layering of isotropic material.
Microwave measurement of rain and sea surface temperature by the TRMM Microwave Imager (TMI)

The Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission (TRMM) is important for studies of the global hydrological cycle and for testing the realism of climate models and their ability to simulate and predict climate accurately; the effect of El Nino on climate could be addressed as well. This paper investigates the microwave rain measurement using satellite data from the TRMM Microwave Imager (TMI). The physical bases of rainfall estimation algorithms, vertical structure of rain and its physical processes are explained. The algorithms for processing TMI radiance and brightness temperature data are presented. Various rain maps and sea surface temperature (SST) maps are produced using TMI microwave data. The performance, calibration, analysis of results and sources of errors in the averaged monthly surface rain rate estimation are discussed.
GLOBAL SURFACE TEMPERATURE CHANGE

We update the Goddard Institute for Space Studies (GISS) analysis of global surface temperature change, compare alternative analyses, and address questions about perception and reality of global warming. Satellite‐observed night lights are used to identify measurement stations located in extreme darkness and adjust temperature trends of urban and periurban stations for nonclimatic factors, verifying that urban effects on analyzed global change are small. Because the GISS analysis combines available sea surface temperature records with meteorological station measurements, we test alternative choices for the ocean data, showing that global temperature change is sensitive to estimated temperature change in polar regions where observations are limited. We use simple 12 month (and n × 12) running means to improve the information content in our temperature graphs. Contrary to a popular misconception, the rate of warming has not declined. Global temperature is rising as fast in the past decade as in the prior 2 decades, despite year‐to‐year fluctuations associated with the El Niño‐La Niña cycle of tropical ocean temperature. Record high global 12 month running mean temperature for the period with instrumental data was reached in 2010.
The time‐dependence of climate sensitivity

A doubled CO2 coupled ocean‐atmosphere experiment has been run for over 800 years. The ‘effective’ equilibrium climate sensitivity to a doubling of CO2 (the equilibrium response of the model assuming the feedbacks remained constant at the value found at any given point of the transient response) is calculated throughout the run and found to increase by around 40%. The time‐dependence is associated with differences in cloud feedback arising from inter‐hemispheric temperature differences due to the slower warming rate of the Southern Ocean. The time‐dependence of the climate response has implications for the use of simpler models in scaling GCM results to different scenarios of forcing.