Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Antifungal Activity of Streptomyces spectabilis SP-O2 against Aflatoxin Producing Mold, Aspergillus flavus

Among soil isolated species of actinomycetes bacteria that affected the growth of aflatoxin producing mold; Aspergillus flavus TISTR 3041, the isolate SP-O2 showed a promising inhibitory activity on the dual culture assay. This isolated bacterium was characterized on various International Streptomyces Project media. The macroscopic morphological analysis showed mycelium, sporogenesis, and orangish pink of colonial pigment. The scanning electron microscope (SEM) photograph showed that the sporogenesis has occurred by shrinking of both sides of aerial mycelium. After the sporogenesis has been completed, the fragmentation of altered mycelium started from the tips of aerial mycelium to produce 0.8-1 micrometer fragmented spores. The 16S rRNA sequences analysis revealed that isolate SP-O2 shared a 99.93 % (1 mismatch/1436 nt) similarity with Streptomyces spectabilis NBRC 13424 AB184393. Co-culture liquid assay was analyzed for the aflatoxin produced by A. flavus in the presence of Streptomyces spectabilis SP-O2. The result showed that UV-visualized band of aflatoxin B1 was not detected by co-cultivation of Streptomyces spectabilis SP-O2 with A. flavus by thin layer chromatography compared to the control. Indeed, fungal growth of A. flavus was destroyed by the antifungal substance produced by Streptomyces spectabilis SP-O2 in the liquid culture. Furthermore, biocontrol of contaminated A. flavus was conducted on peanut kernels and the results showed that Streptomyces spectabilis SP-O2 has antifungal activity against the presence of A. flavus. Together, these results suggested that further investigation on the development of biocontrol use of Streptomyces spectabilis SP-O2 to overcome the contamination of aflatoxin producing mold in the feedstock and agricultural-based industry is needed. HIGHLIGHTS The isolated actinobacteria in this study was identified as Streptomyces spectabilis isolate SP-O2 based on its morphological characteristics, physiological properties and molecular identification SEM showed the sporogenesis of 0.8-1 micrometer fragmented spores Streptomyces spectabilis isolate SP-O2 exhibited the promising fungicidal activity against flavus in the dual culture agar assay, co-culture liquid assay and peanut kernels assay with consistency results The secreted metabolites play a crucial role on the fungal killing against Aspergillus flavus rather than the aflatoxin degradation GRAPHICAL ABSTRACT
Robust Data-Driven Sparse Estimation of Distribution Factors Considering PMU Data Quality and Renewable Energy Uncertainty - Part I: Theory

Data-driven sparse estimation of distribution factors (DFs) facilitates online power flow sensitivity analysis for secure system operation. However, existing methods are vulnerable to time-varying non-Gaussian PMU measurement noise, bad data, and uncertain renewable energy sources (RESs). Moreover, they lack scalability to large-scale systems. This two-part paper proposes a robust and scalable sparse DF estimation framework considering PMU data quality and RES uncertainty. In this Part I, a novel Adaptive M-Lasso estimator with theoretically guaranteed robustness is proposed. It mitigates the impacts of measurement and RES uncertainties to yield accurate dominant DF estimates while promoting sparsity. The key idea is to integrate the robust statistics theory with sparse representation techniques, in particular the Huber loss function, adaptively-weighted l1 regularization, concomitant scale estimate, and pseudo-residuals. Two important robustness properties of this estimator are theoretically proven, i.e., the bounded influence function and the asymptotic consistency of dominant DF estimates given limited samples. The breakdown points of this estimator to measurement and RES uncertainties are derived. Test results validate that the proposed estimator allows accurate estimation without relying on power flow models or massive operating data. It achieves significantly superior robustness over existing methods in multiple scenarios.
Validation of the online PREDICT tool in a cohort of early breast cancer in Brazil

PREDICT is a tool designed to estimate the benefits of adjuvant therapy and the overall survival of women with early breast cancer. The model uses clinical, histological, and immunohistochemical variables. This study aimed to evaluate the model's performance in a Brazilian population. We assessed the discrimination and calibration of the PREDICT model to estimate overall survival (OS) in five and ten years of follow-up in a cohort of 873 women with early breast cancer diagnosed from January 2001 to December 2016. A total of 743 patients had estrogen receptor (ER)-positive and 130 had ER-negative tumors. The area under the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve (AUC) for discrimination was 0.72 (95%CI: 0.66–0.78) at five years and 0.67 (95%CI: 0.61–0.72) at ten years for women with ER-positive tumors. The AUC was 0.72 (95%CI: 0.62–0.81) at five years and 0.67 (95%CI: 0.54–0.77) at ten years for women with ER-negative tumors. The predicted survival in ER-positive tumors was 91.0% (95%CI: 90.2–91.6%) at five years and 79.3% (95%CI: 77.7–81.0%) at ten years, and the observed survival 90.7% (95%CI: 88.6–92.9%) and 77.2% (95%CI: 73.4–81.4%), respectively. The predicted survival in ER-negative tumors was 84.5% (95%CI: 82.5–86.6%) at five years and 75.0% (95%CI: 71.6–78.5%) at ten years, and the observed survival 76.3% (95%CI: 69.1–84.3%) and 67.9% (95%CI: 58.6–78.6%), respectively. In conclusion, PREDICT was accurate to estimate OS in women with ER-positive tumors and overestimated the OS in women with ER-negative tumors.
LIMIT DISTRIBUTIONS OF GAUSSIAN BLOCK ENSEMBLES

It has been shown by Voiculescu that important classes of square independent random matrices are asymptotically free, where freeness is a noncommutative analog of classical independence. Recently, we introduced the concept of matricial freeness, which is similar to freeness in free probability, but it also has some matricial features. Using this new concept of noncommutative independence, we described the asymptotics of blocks and symmetric blocks of certain classes of independent random matrices. In this paper, we present the main results obtained in this framework, concentrating on the ensembles of blocks of Gaussian random matrices.
Real-Time DDoS Defense in 5G-Enabled IoT: A Multidomain Collaboration Perspective

While 5G networks have accelerated the development of the Internet of Things (IoT), they have also introduced a large number of vulnerable IoT devices into the network, which would lead to severe Distributed Denial-of-Service (DDoS) attacks. The newly emerging DDoS attack methods generally have a shorter duration, which imposes higher requirements for the response time of DDoS mitigation technologies. Existing DDoS defense methods cannot achieve real-time detection due to the difficulty of reducing the delay of feature extraction and large-scale data processing. In this article, we focus on the timeliness of DDoS detection and mitigation. We hope that deploying effective defense countermeasures at the source side will block the majority of DDoS attack traffic in real time before it enters the data network (DN). To this end, we propose a real-time DDoS defense framework based on multidomain collaboration that combines multisource information to detect attack sessions with high accuracy in 5G networks. To operate the framework at line rate, we propose an optimal packet sampling strategy based on the accurate session size estimation, which can greatly reduce the detection overhead while ensuring good accuracy. In a typical scenario with an attack session size larger than 10, this method can achieve a 99% detection rate while reducing the packet inspection rate (PIR) to less than 37%.
Convergence to a Continuous State Branching Process with jumps and Height Process

In this work, we study asymptotics of the genealogy of Galton-Watson processes. Thus we consider a offspring distribution such that the rescaled Galton-Watson processes converges to a continuous state branching process (CSBP) with jumps. After we show that the rescaled height (or exploration) process of the corresponding Galton-Watson family tree, converges in a functional sense, to the continuous height process that Le Gall and Le Jan introduced in 1998 on their paper "branching processes in Levy processes : The exploration process".
The IDSA and the homogeneous sphere: Issues and possible improvements

In this paper, we are concerned with the study of the Isotropic Diffusion Source Approximation (IDSA) (Baxter et al., Phys. Rev. E 73, 046118, 2006) of radiative transfer. After having recalled well-known limits of the radiative transfer equation, we present the IDSA and adapt it to the case of the homogeneous sphere. We then show that for this example the IDSA suffers from severe numerical difficulties. We argue that these difficulties originate in the min-max switch coupling mechanism used in the IDSA. To overcome this problem we reformulate the IDSA to avoid the problematic coupling. This allows us to access the modeling error of the IDSA for the homogeneous sphere test case. The IDSA is shown to overestimate the streaming component, hence we propose a new version of the IDSA which is numerically shown to be more accurate than the old one. Analytical results and numerical tests are provided to support the accuracy of the new proposed approximation.
A Two-Stage Approach of Joint Route Planning and Resource Allocation for Multiple UAVs in Unmanned Logistics Distribution

Unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) can serve as means of delivery to enhance the effectiveness and accuracy of logistics distribution in various scenarios, such as emergency items delivery for disaster areas and logistics services for remote areas. This paper focuses on the problem of route planning for UAVs, which is the basis for UAVs to complete distribution tasks. Besides, to enhance the collaboration of UAVs during the delivery mission, this work also studies wireless resource (spectrum, power) allocation problem for multiple UAVs enabled communication networks. Due to the non-convex and combinatorial characteristics, it is challenging to obtain an optimal strategy for joint route planning and resource allocation issues within a finite time. To this end, the paths of UAVs are planned by the simulated annealing (SA) method in the first stage. Based on the preplanned paths, a double deep Q network (DDQN) based resource allocation method is proposed to maximize the average sum capacity of UAV-to-UAV (U2U) links and reduce transmission delay while minimizing the interference to UAV-to-infrastructure (U2I) links. Multi-UAV communication networks are reconnected according to the positions of UAVs changing in each time slot. Then each U2U link acting as an agent learns to improve spectrum and power allocation policy with imperfect knowledge of the environment. Simulation results demonstrate that the proposed DDQN-based resource management scheme can achieve higher system communication capacity than a random scheme. Moreover, the successful transmission probability of U2U links obtained by the DDQN-based method is much higher than a Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) based method.
Social Environmental Factor of Unwanted Pregnancy: An Experience of Mothers and Adolescents with An Unwanted Pregnancy

Unwanted pregnancy among adolescents is a global issue in urban and rural areas around the world. There are many factors that influence the incident of unwanted pregnancy. This study intends to identify the social environmental factors that cause unwanted pregnancies among adolescents. A qualitative research design was employed to gain mothers’ and adolescents’ perspectives on their experiences of the social environmental factors in unwanted pregnancy. Semi-structured interviews with five Malay mothers and five Malay adolescents took place in a government shelter home, workplaces, and their homes in Selangor. This study employed a thematic analysis to analyse the results. The findings indicate that the four themes of social environmental factors causing unwanted pregnancies among adolescents are (a) family structure, (b) couple problems, (c) father’s attention, and (d) peer pressure. All themes are significant in influencing unwanted pregnancies among adolescents. This study provided insights about the hard times, challenges, and stressors that make the adolescents feel uncomfortable and stressed, hence they find someone else to help them ease such feelings. Although unwanted pregnancy is a worldwide issue, the family and the caregiver should pay more attention to the adolescents because it will result in stress and adolescents with a disrupted family structure have an increased risk of unwanted pregnancy. These adolescents may specially benefit from specific preventive programmes in order to reduce the number of adverse outcomes.
SIW Bandpass Filter With Wide Stopband Using Harmonic Interleaving and Orthogonal Transmission Techniques

In this article, a wide stopband substrate integrated waveguide (SIW) bandpass filter (BPF) centered at 36.48 GHz with a 3-dB fabrication bandwidth (FBW) of 1.78% is presented and developed based on the orthogonal transmission techniques. Fourth-order Chebyshev filtering response with two transmission zeros (TZs) located at 35 and 41 GHz can be obtained by the exploitation of alternating electromagnetic (EM) coupling topology including negative excitation and planar coupling structure. Combining with the harmonic interleaving between resonant cavities with slot lines etched on the ground plane, the simulated out-of-band suppression is better than 20 dB with frequencies up to more than $8f_{0}$ , and the measured stopband is extended to 110 GHz due to the limitation of test condition. Good agreements between simulations and measurements can be observed.
Evading Machine-Learning-Based Android Malware Detector for IoT Devices

Securing the Android gadgets from malware activities is a major concern in Internet of Things, and the drastic rise in adversarial attacks makes this problem more challenging. Existing Android adversarial techniques focus on the feature vector space manipulations through complex deep learning techniques, and the operational integrity is also not experimented. This work implements two evasion attack scenarios on the feature vector of Android apks and creates functionality preserved Android malware. The malware samples are injected with features that are absent in malicious samples, but found in legitimate applications. The sample thus formed will be identical in functionality, besides having statistical dissimilarity. One of the attack scenarios implemented is through feature similarity using Euclidean distance (ED), which measures between malware and benign samples. The other version of attack is by generating variants through particle swarm optimization (PSO). We find that our evasion algorithms are not highly biased nor complex, making them easier to train and understand compared to generative adversarial neural networks. The experiments were carried out on real-world Android applications from AndroZoo and AMD. We could successfully achieve the highest performance of 100% evasion rate with the PSO algorithm and 89.6% evasion rate with the ED algorithm with the lowest computational complexity compared to machine learning or deep learning mechanisms.
Detection and Quantification of the Oomycete Saprolegnia parasitica in Aquaculture Environments

Saprolegnia parasitica induces heavy mortality in aquaculture. The detection of S. parasitica is often time consuming and uncertain, making it difficult to manage the disease. We validated a previously published real-time quantitative PCR (qPCR) assay to confirm the presence of S. parasitica in fish and in water using environmental DNA (eDNA) quantification. Analytical sensitivity and specificity of the assay was assessed in silico, in vitro and the qPCR assay was compared with microbiological cultivation methods to detect and quantify S. parasitica in water samples from a controlled fish exposure experiment and from fish farms. Furthermore, we compared the use of an agar cultivation method and the qPCR assay to detect S. parasitica directly from mucus samples taken from the fish surface. The analytical sensitivity and specificity of the qPCR assay were high. The qPCR assay detected 100% of S. parasitica-positive water samples. In a field study, the qPCR assay and a microwell plate (MWP) enumeration method correlated significantly. Furthermore, the qPCR assay could be used to confirm the presence of S. parasitica in skin mucus. Thus, the qPCR assay could complement diagnostic methods in specifically detecting saprolegniosis in fish and used as a surveillance method for S. parasitica pathogen in aquaculture environments.
On the principal Ricci curvatures of a Riemannian 3-manifold

Abstract We study global obstructions to the eigenvalues of the Ricci tensor on a Riemannian 3-manifold. As a topological obstruction, we first show that if the 3-manifold is closed, then certain choices of the eigenvalues are prohibited: in particular, there is no Riemannian metric whose corresponding Ricci eigenvalues take the form (−μ, f, f), where μ is a positive constant and f is a smooth positive function. We then concentrate on the case when one of the eigenvalues is zero. Here we show that if the manifold is complete and its Ricci eigenvalues take the form (0, λ, λ), where λ is a positive constant, then its universal cover must split isometrically. If the manifold is closed, scalar-flat, and its zero eigenspace contains a unit length vector field that is geodesic and divergence-free, then the manifold must be flat. Our techniques also apply to the study of Ricci solitons in dimension three.
Vectorial Drinfeld modular forms over Tate algebras

In this paper, we develop the theory of vectorial modular forms with values in Tate algebras introduced by the first author, in a very special case (dimension two, for a very particular representation of [Formula: see text]). Among several results that we prove here, we determine the complete structure of the modules of these forms, we describe their specializations at roots of unity and their connection with Drinfeld modular forms for congruence subgroups of [Formula: see text] and we prove that the modules generated by these forms are stable under the actions of Hecke operators.
A proof for the decidability of HD0L ultimate periodicity

Алфавит – это произвольное конечное множество. Его элементы будут называться буквами. Отображение начального куска натурального ряда в алфавит A называется конечным словом (или просто словом) над A. Множество конечных слов, включая пустое, обозначается A. Пустое слово обозначают ε. Бесконечное слово, или сверхслово – это отображение из N в алфавит A. Множество сверхслов обозначается A. Для конечного слова определена длина – количество букв в нём. Длина слова u также будет обозначаться |u|. Если слово u1 конечно, то определена конкатенация слов u1 и u2 – слово u1u2, получающееся приписыванием второго к первому справа. Слово v является подсловом слова u, если u = v1vv2 для некоторых слов v1, v2. В случае, когда v1 или v2 – пустое слово, v называется началом или соответственно концом слова u. На словах существует естественная структура частично упорядоченного множества: u1 ⊑ u2, если u1 является подсловом u2. Будем обозначать u1 ⊑k u2, если слово u1 входит в u2 не менее k раз. Сверхслово W называется рекуррентным, если любое его подслово встречается в W бесконечно много раз, иначе говоря, v ⊑W ⇒ v ⊑∞ W . Сверхслово W называется периодичным, если W = uuuuu . для некоторого непустого u. Само слово u, равно как и его длина, называются периодом сверхслова W . Сверхслово называется заключительно периодичным, если оно представляется в виде конкатенации W = uW , где u – конечное слово, а W ′ – периодичное сверхслово.
Development of a Cesium Vapor MEMS Cell for Differential Measurement of Microwave Electromagnetically Induced Transparency

In this paper, we develop a cesium vapor MEMS cell with dual-cavity to measure the electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT) effect. The vapor cell was shaped by a deep-etching silicon wafer and two BF33 glass covers with a two-step anodic bonding process. By using a near-infrared spectroscopy laser with the wavelength of 1455 nm, the cesium dispenser sealed in the vapor cell was dispensed. The Rydberg EIT spectra of the fabricated vapor MEMS cell were characterized experimentally and enhanced effectively by introducing two paths probe laser (852 nm). This proposal provides a sensitive and miniaturized sensing method for the measurement of the EIT effect and has a prospect for the applications of integrated quantum microwave field intensity meter.
Recovering the fragmentation rate in the growth-fragmentation equation

We consider the inverse problem of determining the fragmentation rate from noisy measurements in the growth-fragmentation equation. We use Fourier transform theory on locally compact groups to treat this problem for general fragmentation probabilities. We develop a regularization method based on spectral filtering, which allows us to deal with the inverse problem in weighted L2 spaces. As a result, we obtain a regularization method with error of order O(ε2m2m+1) , where ɛ is the noise level and m > 0 is the a priori regularity order of the fragmentation rate.
Supersymmetric quantum mechanics and Painlevé equations

In these lecture notes we shall study first the supersymmetric quantum mechanics (SUSY QM), specially when applied to the harmonic and radial oscillators. In addition, we will define the polynomial Heisenberg algebras (PHA), and we will study the general systems ruled by them: for zero and first order we obtain the harmonic and radial oscillators, respectively; for second and third order the potential is determined by solutions to Painleve IV (PIV) and Painleve V (PV) equations. Taking advantage of this connection, later on we will find solutions to PIV and PV equations expressed in terms of confluent hypergeometric functions. Furthermore, we will classify them into several solution hierarchies, according to the specific special functions they are connected with.
Probing the electronic structure of bilayer graphene by Raman scattering

The electronic structure of bilayer graphene is investigated from a resonant Raman study using different laser excitation energies. The values of the parameters of the Slonczewski-Weiss-McClure model for graphite are measured experimentally and some of them differ significantly from those reported previously for graphite, specially that associated with the difference of the effective mass of electrons and holes. The splitting of the two TO phonon branches in bilayer graphene is also obtained from the experimental data. Our results have implications for bilayer graphene electronic devices.