Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Optimization of Power Utilization in Multimobile Robot Foraging Behavior Inspired by Honeybees System

Deploying large numbers of mobile robots which can interact with each other produces swarm intelligent behavior. However, mobile robots are normally running with finite energy resource, supplied from finite battery. The limitation of energy resource required human intervention for recharging the batteries. The sharing information among the mobile robots would be one of the potentials to overcome the limitation on previously recharging system. A new approach is proposed based on integrated intelligent system inspired by foraging of honeybees applied to multimobile robot scenario. This integrated approach caters for both working and foraging stages for known/unknown power station locations. Swarm mobile robot inspired by honeybee is simulated to explore and identify the power station for battery recharging. The mobile robots will share the location information of the power station with each other. The result showed that mobile robots consume less energy and less time when they are cooperating with each other for foraging process. The optimizing of foraging behavior would result in the mobile robots spending more time to do real work.
Applied behavior analysis for teachers

Chapter 1 Roots of Applied Behavior Analysis The Usefulness of Explanations Developmental Explanations Cognitive Explanations Behavioral Explanations Historical Development of Behaviorism Chapter 2 Preparing Behavioral Objectives Definition and Purpose Educational Goals Components of a Behavioral Objective Format for a Behavioral Objective Expanding the Scope of the Basic Behavioral Objective Behavioral Objectives and the IEP Chapter 3 Procedures for Collecting Data A Rationale Choosing a System Anecodotal Reports Permanent Product Recording Observational Recording Systems Duration and Latency Recording How Can All This Be Done? Summary of Data Collection Systems Reliability Factors That May Affect Data Collection and Interobserver Agreement Chapter 4 Graphing Data The Simple Line Graph Additional Graphing Conventions Cumulative Graphs Bar Graphs Chapter 5 Single-Subject Designs Variables and Functional Relations Basic Categories of Designs Single-Subject Designs AB Design Reversal Design Changing Criterion Design Multiple Baseline Design Alternating Treatments Design Changing Conditions Design Evaluating Single-Subject Designs Action Research and Single-Subject Designs Chapter 6 Developing a Hypothesis for Behavior Change: Functional Assessment and Functional Analysis Behavior and Its Function The Behavior Support Plan Development of a Behavior Support Plan Chapter 7 Arranging Consequences That Increase Behavior Positive Reinforcement Contracting Variations in Administration of Reinforcers Negative Reinforcement Natural Reinforcement Chapter 8 Arrranging Consequences That Decrease Behavior Procedural Alternatives for Behavior Reduction Level I: Reinforcement-Based Strategies Level II: Extinction Sensory Extinction Punishment Level III: Removal of Desirable Stimuli Level IV: Presentation of Aversive Stimuli Overcorrection Chapter 9 Differential Reinforcement: Antecedent Control and Shaping Antecedent Influences on Behavior Differential Reinforcement for Stimulus Control, Principles of Discrimination Prompts Modeling Physical Guidance Fading Teaching Complex Behaviors Differential Reinforcement for Shaping Chapter 10 Providing for Generalization of Behavior Change Generalization Training Generalization Chapter 11 Teaching Students to Manage Their Own Behavior A Common Experience Preparing Students to Manage Their Own Behavior Self-Management for Learners with Severe Disabilities Self-Management for Learners with Mild Disabilities Self-Management for Students at Risk Chapter 12 Responsible Use of Applied Behavior Analysis Procedures Concerns About Applied Behavior Analysis Ethical Use of Applied Behavior Analysis Procedures Accountability Theory or Recipes? Chapter 13 Putting It All Together Stimulus Control A Look into Learning Environments
Roles for HLA and KIR polymorphisms in natural killer cell repertoire selection and modulation of effector function

Interactions between killer cell immunoglobulin-like receptors (KIRs) and human leukocyte antigen (HLA) class I ligands regulate the development and response of human natural killer (NK) cells. Natural selection drove an allele-level group A KIR haplotype and the HLA-C1 ligand to unusually high frequency in the Japanese, who provide a particularly informative population for investigating the mechanisms by which KIR and HLA polymorphism influence NK cell repertoire and function. HLA class I ligands increase the frequencies of NK cells expressing cognate KIR, an effect modified by gene dose, KIR polymorphism, and the presence of other cognate ligand–receptor pairs. The five common Japanese KIR3DLI allotypes have distinguishable inhibitory capacity, frequency of cellular expression, and level of cell surface expression as measured by antibody binding. Although KIR haplotypes encoding 3DL1*001 or 3DL1*005, the strongest inhibitors, have no activating KIR, the dominant haplotype encodes a moderate inhibitor, 3DL1*01502, plus functional forms of the activating receptors 2DL4 and 2DS4. In the population, certain combinations of KIR and HLA class I ligand are overrepresented or underrepresented in women, but not men, and thus influence female fitness and survival. These findings show how KIR–HLA interactions shape the genetic and phenotypic KIR repertoires for both individual humans and the population.
Risk of congestive heart failure with nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drugs and selective Cyclooxygenase 2 inhibitors: a class effect?

OBJECTIVE Nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) as a class have been shown to increase the risk of congestive heart failure (CHF) compared with celecoxib. The magnitude of the risk for individual NSAIDs is not known. METHODS Using administrative databases, we performed a nested case-control study in a population-based cohort of patients ages >or=66 years admitted for CHF between January 1998 and March 2003. Cases were patients readmitted for CHF after cohort entry (index date). Four controls were matched to each case on date of cohort entry and time between cohort entry and index date. Exposure was the current use of an NSAID or a coxib in the 7 days prior to CHF readmission. Using conditional logistic regression, we calculated the odds of readmission for CHF in patients exposed to naproxen, diclofenac, ibuprofen, indomethacin, or rofecoxib compared with celecoxib, after adjusting for possible confounding variables. RESULTS We identified 8,512 cases and 34,048 controls. The baseline characteristics between the groups were similar in general. The odds of being readmitted for CHF were higher in patients currently exposed to indomethacin (odds ratio [OR] 2.04, 95% confidence interval [95% CI] 1.16-3.58) or rofecoxib (OR 1.58, 95% CI 1.19-2.11) compared with celecoxib. There was no difference between naproxen, diclofenac, and ibuprofen compared with celecoxib, although the numbers of exposed cases and controls were small. CONCLUSION In elderly patients with known CHF, indomethacin and rofecoxib are associated with a greater risk of recurrent CHF compared with celecoxib. Alternatives should be considered for patients with CHF who require antiinflammatory drugs.
Improving Decision Trees Using Tsallis Entropy

The construction of efficient and effective decision trees remains a key topic in machine learning because of their simplicity and flexibility. A lot of heuristic algorithms have been proposed to construct near-optimal decision trees. Most of them, however, are greedy algorithms which have the drawback of obtaining only local optimums. Besides, common split criteria, e.g. Shannon entropy, Gain Ratio and Gini index, are also not flexible due to lack of adjustable parameters on data sets. To address the above issues, we propose a series of novel methods using Tsallis entropy in this paper. Firstly, a Tsallis Entropy Criterion (TEC) algorithm is proposed to unify Shannon entropy, Gain Ratio and Gini index, which generalizes the split criteria of decision trees. Secondly, we propose a Tsallis Entropy Information Metric (TEIM) algorithm for efficient construction of decision trees. The TEIM algorithm takes advantages of the adaptability of Tsallis conditional entropy and the reducing greediness ability of two-stage approach. Experimental results on UCI data sets indicate that the TEC algorithm achieves statistically significant improvement over the classical algorithms, and that the TEIM algorithm yields significantly better decision trees in both classification accuracy and tree complexity.
Cytosolic concentrations and transmembrane fluxes of NH4+/NH3. An evaluation of recent proposals.

Ammonium (NH4 +) is an important, perhaps underestimated, nitrogen source for plant growth ([Bloom, 1988][1]; [Glass, 1988][2]; [Kronzucker et al., 1997][3]). In many agricultural soils it is present in millimolar concentrations in soil solution ([Wolt, 1994][4]), whereas in mature forest soils NH4
The evolution of sleep is inevitable

There are two contrasting explanations of sleep: as a proximate, essential physiological function or as an adaptive state of inactivity and these hypotheses remain widely debated. To investigate the adaptive significance of sleep, we develop an evolutionary argument formulated as a tractable partial differential equation model. We allow demographic parameters such as birth and mortality rates to vary through time in both safe and vulnerable sleeping environments. From this model we analytically calculate population growth rate (fitness) for sleeping and non-sleeping strategies. We find that, in a temporally heterogeneous environment, sleeping always achieves a higher fitness than not sleeping. As organisms do not exist in constant environments, we conclude that the evolution of sleep is inevitable.
Mötet mellan klient och system - om forskning i socialt arbete

Margaretha Jarvinen: The meeting between clients and the system: on research in social work This article is based on the inaugural lecture by the first professor of social work in Denmark. Although coming later than in many other countries, the professorship symbolizes the fact that the field of social work is about to develop into a scientific field of research. The article focuses on social work as a meeting between clients and social welfare institutions. Although it has become popular to describe citizens who come into contact with social welfare institutions as “comsumers” or “users”, this article argues for retention of the idea of client, since these are people with limited freedom of action. Social workers are described as representatives of the welfare state, not as representatives of, or advocates for clients, as they sometimes describe themselves. The article discusses three aspects of the meeting between the client and the system, and is inspired by the work of Pierre Bourdieu. The first is how the system creates the client. Social work is constructed as a field in which clients and their problems are constructed in accordance with the system and its doxa, rather than the other way around. The second aspect is the janus face of help. The article questions the idea that social workers “help” their clients. The traditional helping relation between social workers and their clients is described as a relationship of symbolic power that tends to underline rather than relieve the client’s ‘otherness’. Finally, the article discusses Bourdieu’s concept of practical reason. The field of social work represents rituals, routines and rationalities that may be difficult to put into a neat scientific formula. It argues though, that this concept should not be used (as some social workers have done) as a bulwark against scientific inquiries into the doxa and symbolic power mechanisms of the field.
A Third-Order p-Laplacian Boundary Value Problem Solved by an SL(3, ℝ) Lie-Group Shooting Method

The boundary layer problem for power-law fluid can be recast to a third-order -Laplacian boundary value problem (BVP). In this paper, we transform the third-order -Laplacian into a new system which exhibits a Lie-symmetry SL. Then, the closure property of the Lie-group is used to derive a linear transformation between the boundary values at two ends of a spatial interval. Hence, we can iteratively solve the missing left boundary conditions, which are determined by matching the right boundary conditions through a finer tuning of . The present SL Lie-group shooting method is easily implemented and is efficient to tackle the multiple solutions of the third-order -Laplacian. When the missing left boundary values can be determined accurately, we can apply the fourth-order Runge-Kutta (RK4) method to obtain a quite accurate numerical solution of the -Laplacian.
Natural Mosquito-Pathogen Hybrid IgG4 Antibodies in Vector-Borne Diseases: A Hypothesis

Chronic exposure to antigens may favor the production of IgG4 antibodies over other antibody types. Recent studies have shown that up to a 30% of normal human IgG4 is bi-specific and is able to recognize two antigens of different nature. A requirement for this specificity is the presence of both eliciting antigens in the same time and at the same place where the immune response is induced. During transmission of most vector-borne diseases, the pathogen is delivered to the vertebrate host along with the arthropod saliva during blood feeding and previous studies have shown the existence of IgG4 antibodies against mosquito salivary allergens. However, there is very little ongoing research or information available regarding IgG4 bi-specificity with regard to infectious disease, particularly during immune responses to vector-borne diseases, such as malaria, filariasis, or dengue virus infection. Here, we provide background information and present our hypothesis that IgG4 may not only be a useful tool to measure exposure to infected mosquito bites, but that these bi-specific antibodies may also play an important role in modulation of the immune response against malaria and other vector-borne diseases in endemic settings.
Archaeal and Bacterial Communities Respond Differently to Environmental Gradients in Anoxic Sediments of a California Hypersaline Lake, the Salton Sea

ABSTRACT Sulfidic, anoxic sediments of the moderately hypersaline Salton Sea contain gradients in salinity and carbon that potentially structure the sedimentary microbial community. We investigated the abundance, community structure, and diversity of Bacteria and Archaea along these gradients to further distinguish the ecologies of these domains outside their established physiological range. Quantitative PCR was used to enumerate 16S rRNA gene abundances of Bacteria, Archaea, and Crenarchaeota. Community structure and diversity were evaluated by terminal restriction fragment length polymorphism (T-RFLP), quantitative analysis of gene (16S rRNA) frequencies of dominant microorganisms, and cloning and sequencing of 16S rRNA. Archaea were numerically dominant at all depths and exhibited a lesser response to environmental gradients than that of Bacteria. The relative abundance of Crenarchaeota was low (0.4 to 22%) at all depths but increased with decreased carbon content and increased salinity. Salinity structured the bacterial community but exerted no significant control on archaeal community structure, which was weakly correlated with total carbon. Partial sequencing of archaeal 16S rRNA genes retrieved from three sediment depths revealed diverse communities of Euryarchaeota and Crenarchaeota, many of which were affiliated with groups previously described from marine sediments. The abundance of these groups across all depths suggests that many putative marine archaeal groups can tolerate elevated salinity (5.0 to 11.8% [wt/vol]) and persist under the anaerobic conditions present in Salton Sea sediments. The differential response of archaeal and bacterial communities to salinity and carbon patterns is consistent with the hypothesis that adaptations to energy stress and availability distinguish the ecologies of these domains.
Binding, internalization, and hydrolysis of low density lipoprotein in long-term lymphoid cell lines from a normal subject and a patient with homozygous familial hypercholesterolemia

Long-term established human lymphoid cells were shown to possess high affinity cell surface receptors for low density lipoprotein (LDL), the major cholesterol-carrying protein in human plasma. Binding of LDL to these receptors was followed by internalization of the lipoprotein and hydrolysis of its protein and cholesteryl ester components. Cultured lymphocytes from a patient with the homozygous form of familial hypercholesterolemia lacked cell surface LDL receptors and therefore failed to take up and degrade the lipoprotein with high affinity. Cultured human lymphocytes should prove useful for further studies of: (a) the relation between cholesterol metabolism and cellular function and (b) the mechanism by which LDL binding at the cell surface leads to internalization of the lipoprotein.
Determining Whether and When People Participate in the Events They Tweet About

This paper describes an approach to determine whether people participate in the events they tweet about. Specifically, we determine whether people are participants in events with respect to the tweet timestamp. We target all events expressed by verbs in tweets, including past, present and events that may occur in the future. We present new annotations using 1,096 event mentions, and experimental results showing that the task is challenging.
Inteligência Emocional e Desempenho Académico em Estudantes do Ensino Superior

Esta investigacao examina o papel da inteligencia emocional (IE) no desempenho academico, numa amostra de 111 estudantes em frequencia do ensino universitario portugues. Os resultados evidenciam que os alunos com melhores desempenhos academicos denotam niveis superiores de inteligencia emocional, mas nao foram encontradas associacoes significativas entre a IE e o desempenho academico, sugerindo a necessidade de mais estudos com vista ao aprofundamento desta recente e complexa area de pesquisa. Emotional Intelligence and College Students' Academic Achievement This research examines the role of emotional intelligence (EI) in academic achievement in a sample of 111 college students. The results show that students with better academic outcomes demonstrate higher emotional intelligence, though there are no significant associations between EI and academic achievement, suggesting the need for further studies in order to deepening this recent and complex research area. Keywords: Emotional Intelligence (EI), college students, academic achievement.
Secure shell (ssh) traffic analysis with flow based features using shallow and deep networks

The primary objective of this work is to evaluate the effectiveness of various shallow and deep networks for characterizing and classifying the encrypted traffic such as secure shell (SSH). The SSH traffic statistical feature sets are estimated from various private and public traces. Private trace is NIMS (Network Information Management and Security Group) and public traces are MAWI (Measurement and Analysis on the WIDE Internet), NLANR's (National Laboratory for Applied Network Research) Active Measurement Project (AMP). To select optimal deep networks, experiments are done for various network parameters, network structures and network topologies. All the experiments are run up to 1000 epochs with learning rate in the range [0.01-0.5]. The various shallow and deep networks are trained using public traces and evaluated on the private trace and vice-versa. Results indicate that there is a possibility to detect SSH traffic with acceptable detection rate. The deep network has performed well in comparison to the shallow networks. Moreover, the performance of various shallow networks is comparable.
Local Knowledge: Further Essays In Interpretive Anthropology

* Introduction Part I * Blurred Genres: The Refiguration of Social Thought * Found in Translation: On the Social History of the Moral Imagination * From the Natives Point of View: On the Nature of Anthropological Understanding Part II * Common Sense as a Cultural System * Art as a Cultural System * Centers, Kings, and Charisma: Reflections on the Symbolics of Power * The Way We Think Now: Toward an Ethnography of Modern Thought Part III * Local Knowledge: Fact and Law in Comparative Perspective
Mining periodic patterns from floating and ambiguous time segments

A partial periodic pattern is referred to as a set of events that exhibits cyclic behavior over some periods in a time series. Previous studies focused on mining such patterns from constant-length segments that are always stationary between fixed offsets within periods. Unfortunately, many objects under study, like mice, seldom align their fluctuating behaviors with stationary segments that are created based on artificial concepts such as hours. As the result, many patterns that occur across artificial boundaries may not be detected. In this paper, we present a more flexible model that can dynamically create floating segments from a time series such that each segment captures one type of sporadic activity, such as running, over irregular length of time. Temporal sections that are frequently overlapped by floating segments are detected as 1-section patterns. Combinations of some 1-section patterns, referred to as K-section patterns, can then be discovered by the Apriori algorithm.
Performance forecasting: towards a methodology for characterizing large computational applications

We present a methodology that can identify and formulate performance characteristics of a computational application and uncover program performance trends on very large, future computer architectures and problem sizes. Based on this methodology we present "performance forecast diagrams" that predict the scalability of a large seismology application suite on a terabyte data set. We find that the applications scale well up to a large number of processors, given an interconnection network similar to the one of the SGI/Cray Origin architecture. However we find that if we increase the computation-to-communication speed ratio by a factor of 100, the different applications of the seismic suite start exhibiting architectural "sweet spots", at which the communication overhead starts to dominate computation time. The presented methodology has proven to be useful in characterizing large computational applications. It is being applied in a project to create a repository of realistic programs and their characteristics.