Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Methotrexate-Induced Papular Eruption Following Treatment of Psoriasis

Objective: To report a case of a diffuse papular eruption following treatment of psoriasis with methotrexate injections. Case Report: A 52-year-old woman presented with an extensive flare of psoriasis associated with joint pain, especially in her knees and elbows. She was treated with intramuscular injections of methotrexate 20 mg/wk. Ten hours after the second methotrexate injection, the patient experienced a diffuse pruritic papular eruption located mainly on the limbs. Histology showed foci of dyskeratosis in the mucosal layer and a polymorphic perivascular inflammatory infiltrate of (he papillary dermis, suggesting a drug-induced skin reaction. According to the Naranjo probability scale, the papular eruption was probably caused by methotrexate. The drug was discontinued and papular lesions gradually disappeared. Discussion: Methotrexate-induced papular eruption is rarely reported shortly after beginning methotrexate therapy in patients with acute exacerbation of collagen vascular diseases. Methotrexate-induced papular eruption following treatment of psoriasis has not been previously reported. Conclusions: The pathogenesis of methotrexate-induced papular eruption in collagen vascular diseases may suggest cutaneous small-vessel vasculitis. In our patient, histology showed aspects of drug-Induced skin reaction without vasculitis. Pathogenesis of methotrexate-induced papular eruption in psoriasis may Involve immune mechanisms other than those of methotrexate-induced cutaneous vasculitis in collagen vascular disease.
The Capsid Protein of Satellite Panicum Mosaic Virus Contributes to Systemic Invasion and Interacts with Its Helper Virus

ABSTRACT Satellite panicum mosaic virus (SPMV) depends on its helper Panicum mosaic virus (PMV) for replication and spread in host plants. The SPMV RNA encodes a 17-kDa capsid protein (CP) that is essential for formation of its 16-nm virions. The results of this study indicate that in addition to the expression of the full-length SPMV CP from the 5′-proximal AUG start codon, SPMV RNA also expresses a 9.4-kDa C-terminal protein from the third in-frame start codon. Differences in solubility between the full-length protein and its C-terminal product were observed. Subcellular fractionation of infected plant tissues showed that SPMV CP accumulates in the cytosol, cell wall-, and membrane-enriched fractions. However, the 9.4-kDa protein exclusively cofractionated with cell wall- and membrane-enriched fractions. Earlier studies revealed that the 5′-untranslated region (5′-UTR) from nucleotides 63 to 104 was associated with systemic infection in a host-specific manner in millet plants. This study shows that nucleotide deletions and insertions in the 5′-UTR plus simultaneous truncation of the N-terminal part of the CP impaired SPMV spread in foxtail millet, but not in proso millet plants. In contrast, the expression of the full-length version of SPMV CP efficiently compensated the negative effect of the 5′-UTR deletions in foxtail millet. Finally, immunoprecipitation assays revealed the presence of a specific interaction between the capsid proteins of SPMV and its helper virus (PMV). Our findings show that the SPMV CP has several biological functions, including facilitating efficient satellite virus infection and movement in millet plants.
Characterization of the recurrent translocation t(1;1)(p36.3;q21.1–2) in non‐Hodgkin lymphoma by multicolor banding and fluorescence in situ hybridization analysis

Aberrations of chromosomal bands 1p36 and 1q11–q23 are among the most common chromosomal alterations in non‐Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL). In this study, 16 cases of NHL showing recurrent unbalanced translocation t(1;1)(p36;q11–23) by G‐band analysis were selected for further analysis. To delineate the exact breakpoints, multicolor band analysis for chromosome 1 (M‐BAND1), and locus‐specific fluorescence in situ hybridization (LS‐FISH) using human genome designated BAC clones were performed. In all but one dicentric case, the breakpoint was determined to involve chromosomal bands 1p36.3 and 1q21.1–2. LS‐FISH analysis for the TP73, MEL1, SKI, and CASP9 loci at 1p36, and the loci IRTA1, IRTA2, BCL9, AF1Q, JTB, and MUC1 at 1q21, verified the MBAND1 results and further delineated the breakpoints. In band 1p36, two hybridization patterns were observed, one involving deletions of MEL1, TP73, and SKI, but not CASP9, and the second involving a breakpoint telomeric to TP73. In region 1q21, four hybridization patterns were observed, the first involving duplication/translocation of all five genes; the second involving duplication/translocation of BCL9, AF1Q, JTB, and MUC1; the third involving duplication/translocation of AF1Q, JTB, and MUC1; and the fourth with a breakpoint telomeric to MUC1. Using an α‐satellite probe for chromosome 1 (D1Z5), centromeric involvement in the unbalanced translocation t(1;1)(p36.3;q21.1–2) was excluded in all but the one dicentric case, that is, dic(1;1)(p36.3;q10). In conclusion, deletion of 1p36 and duplication of 1q21 through formation of an unbalanced translocation t(1;1)(p36.3;q21.1–2) is a non‐random event in NHL, suggesting a deletion–duplication mechanism involved in lymphoma progression and justifying further systematic research. © 2003 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Distinguishing Panics and Information-based Bank Runs: Welfare and Policy Implications

In this paper we contrast panics and information-based bank runs in an effort to provide a robust and empirically plausible model of how bank runs are triggered. The model of information-based runs is characterized by two-sided asymmetric information: the bank cannot observe the true liquidity needs of the depositors while depositors are asymmetrically informed about bank asset quality. We also examine the relative degrees of risk sharing provided by bank deposit contracts and traded equity contracts. We show that the choice of deposit or equity depends on the attributes of and information about the underlying investment returns.
Political modernisation and the weakening of sustainable development in Britain

Article 28 of Agenda 21 placed elected local authorities at the heart of achieving sustainable development. This required a new balance of environmental, social and economic policies co-ordinated by revitalised democratic local government. However, the context within which this would have to be delivered in the UK was the extensive and ongoing restructuring of sub-national government (i.e. both local and regional government) – a restructuring which has continued apace since then, not least with devolution in Scotland and Wales; the extension of unelected regional government in England; and centrally imposed changes to the local government committee system. In addition a further raft of so-called ‘modernisation’ polices have been implemented with broader social concerns such as ‘well-being’ and ‘community strategies’ within which the core environmental concerns of sustainable development are sidelined - viewed as generally desirable, but, ultimately, as ancillary and not essential. This chapter assesses the cumulative impact of these changes in the nature of sub-national government in Britain on the form and effectiveness of policies for sustainable development.
Adaptation of plastic surfaces for tissue culture by glow discharge

Plastic petri dishes and microtitration plates were electrically charged by a glow discharge unit installed in a vacuum evaporator. Charged and uncharged plates, as well as plates commercially treated for tissue culture, were inoculated with Vero and BHK-21 cell lines; secondary cultures of monkey kidney, chicken lung, canine kidney, and embryonic bovine kidney; and primary chicken embryo fibroblasts and chicken lung cells. All cell cultures grew normally on petri plates charged with the covers open. Growth rate and cell density compared favorably with growth on the commercial tissue culture plates; cell growth was somewhat less dense, however, on plates charged with the covers closed. Charged plates could be sterilized by ultraviolet light and ethylene oxide with no adverse effects on cell growth. Cells inoculated onto plates charged up to 7 months before inoculation grew as well as on freshly charged plates.
An Analysis of Phase Noise in Realigned VCOs

This brief presents an analysis of realigned voltage-controlled oscillators (VCOs) leading to an analytical expression for their phase noise (PHN), which is of more general validity than those currently available in the literature. This brief further discusses a phenomenon that seems to have been given little attention, i.e., the increase by 3 dB of the high-frequency part of the PHN of a realigned VCO compared to the PHN of the same VCO in free running. Considerations on the impact of this effect and of the cyclostationary nature of the PHN in realigned VCOs on some typical applications are also given. The results are verified by numerical simulations.
Severe upper limb injuries with or without neurovascular compromise in children and adolescents—Analysis of 32 cases

The healing and regeneration capacity of the injured tissues in childhood, adolescence, and adult life differs significantly. As a result, the prognosis of compound injuries of the upper limb in different age groups varies; therefore, the decision making and management of these cases should be age‐specific. This article presents a series of 32 patients aged 1.5–14 years, with compound injuries of the upper limb that have been treated in our hospital during the period of the last 6 years. Ten of the above cases involved major vascular lesions that required revascularization or replantation. The injuries were classified according to the SATT (Severity, Anatomy, Topography, Type) classification system. This study shows that the outcome of compound upper limb injuries is age‐related, while the SATT classification system is a valuable tool in the decision making process. Further research should be undertaken to determine age group‐specific indications for the management of compound upper limb injuries, based on the SATT classification system. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc. Microsurgery, 2008.
An update on the treatment of genotype-1 chronic hepatitis C infection: lessons from recent clinical trials

The launch of first-generation protease inhibitors (PIs) was a major step forward in hepatitis C virus (HCV) treatment. However, this major advance is, up to now, restricted to genotype-1 (GT-1) patients. However, the ongoing development of new direct-acting antiviral agents (DAAs) allows new hope for the future. The development of second-wave and second-generation PIs yields higher antiviral potency through plurigenotypic activity, more convenient daily administration, fewer side effects and, for the second-generation PIs, potential activity against resistance-associated variants. NS5B inhibitors (NS5B.I) include nucleoside/nucleotide inhibitors (NIs) and nonnucleotide inhibitors (NNIs). NIs have high efficacy across all genotypes. Sofosbuvir has highly potent antiviral activity across all genotypes in association with pegylated interferon (IFN) and ribavirin (PR), thus allowing shortened treatment duration. NS5A inhibitors (NS5A.I) have highly potent antiviral activity. It has recently been shown for the first time that NS5A.I in combination with PI can cure GT-1b null-responder patients in an IFN-free regimen. In addition, several studies demonstrate that IFN-free regimens with DAA combinations are able to cure a large number of either naïve or treatment-experienced GT-1 patients. Moreover, a quadruple regimen with PR is able to cure almost all GT-1 null-responders. The development of pan-genotypic DAAs (NIs or NS5A.I) allows new combinations with or without PR that increase the rate of sustained virological response (SVR) for all patients, even for those with cirrhosis and independently of the genotype. Therefore, the near future of HCV treatment looks promising. The purpose of this article is to provide an overview of the clinical results recently reported for HCV treatment in GT-1 patients.
Calcium‐Sensitive Cellular and Subcellular Transport of Sodium, Potassium, Magnesium, and Calcium in Sodium‐Loaded Vascular Smooth Muscle: Electron Probe Analysis

Electron probe x-ray microanalysis of the composition of rabbit portal anterior mesenteric vein smooth muscle was performed following sodium loading and washout into sodium-free lithium solutions. Sodium and lithium were also measured with atomic absorption spectrophotometry Cellular uptake of sodium and loss of potassium during sodium loading were much faster at high (37°C) than at low (2°C) temperature, as was the passive ouabain-resistant uptake of potassium during lithium washout The loss of sodium at 2°C into lithium solution consisted of two components, a rapid efflux that was complete by 30 minutes, and a slow component that required at least 24 hours for completion. The amount of sodium lost through the first component (approximately 200–300 mmol/kg dry weight) was relatively independent of the amount of sodium loading. The loss of cellular sodium at 2°C, after 30 minutes, was accompanied by a gain of cellular lithium. Ouabain-resistant sodium loss and lithium and potassium uptake were markedly accelerated at 37°C; sodium loss was complete (1200 mmol sodium/kg dry weight lost) by 30 minutes of washout. Sodium-loaded cells also lost chloride ion and gained magnesium dunng sodium efflux at 37°C. Mitochondrial and nuclear sodium and potassium were correlated with the respective cytoplasmic concentrations during both sodium loading and sodium washout, indicating the relatively rapid equilibration of the monovalent ions between the cytoplasm and organelles Calcium-free solutions markedly inhibited the ouabainresistant sodium and chloride ion effluxes and potassium influx in muscles incubated, after sodium loading, in lithium solutions at 37°C. These fluxes could be restored to near normal values by 0.2 mM calcium The calcium sensitivity of the ouabain-resistant sodium, potassium, and chloride ion fluxes observed in this and other studies raises the possibility that some abnormalities of monovalent ion transport observed in cells of hypertensives are secondary to changes in cellular calcium.
N‐glycosylation by transfer of GlcNAc2 from dolichol‐PP‐GlcNAc2 to the protein moiety of the major yeast exoglucanase

Transfer of truncated oligosaccharides to yeast exoglucanase (Exg) in Saccharomyces cerevisiae alg1 has been investigated. When incubated at the non‐permissive temperature, alg1 cells secreted into the culture medium, in addition to the exoglucanase glycoforms secreted by wild type, underglycosylated forms as well as material with ionic properties of the non‐glycosylated enzyme. As expected, none of the latter had affinity towards concanavalin A, but part of it bound to wheat germ agglutinin (WGA), suggesting that it contained, in addition to non‐glycosylated Exg, glycoforms carrying non‐reducing terminal GlcNAc. Only the WGA‐bound material could be labelled with galactosyltransferase; furthermore, the label could be released by treatment with peptide‐N4‐N‐acetyl‐β‐glucosamine asparagine amidase. These results unambiguously demonstrate that GlcNAc2 can be transferred from dolichol‐PP‐GlcNAc2 to one or both sequons of yeast Exg. Accordingly, they support previous observations suggesting that this early intermediate is able to translocate in vivo in order to make its sugar portion accessible to the oligosaccharyltransferase in the lumen of the endoplasmic reticulum. © 1998 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The evolution of quality improvement.

introduCtion With this issue, this column will now focus on quality improvement and patient safety, as the title suggests. In the coming months, we hope to explore concepts that will help physicians in and around Rhode Island improve the quality of health care delivered in their practices. We will also be publishing reports of projects developed and implemented by residents in the Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University Internal Medicine Residency Program that, we hope, will serve as guides and/or points of interest to physicians practicing in our state. This column, though, is not intended to be just about what is happening in Providence—we encourage physicians across the state to submit descriptions of quality improvement-driven activities being implemented in their own practices, successful or otherwise. From time to time, we will also review published quality improvement research to provide evidence-based and historical background that speaks to the importance of these concepts for our daily medical practice.
Gender Differences in Pensions

The causes of gender differences in pensions are examined for retirees and employees using the 1982 Newly Entitled Beneficiary Survey, and the 1979 and 1988 May Current Population Surveys. For both retirees and the employed population, much of the gender gap in coverage is accounted for by gender differences in labor market characteristics. While children and marriage have a negative effect on female coverage among retirees even after controlling for labor market characteristics, the negative effect is not observed among more recent groups of female employees. Finally, recent convergence of male and female labor market characteristics contributed to a decline in the coverage gap during the 1980s.
Does Humanitarian Intervention Serve Human Rights? The Case of Kosovo

The new trend of interventionism, illustrated by NATO’s bombing campaign against Serbia in 1999, has raised serious concerns in International Law. In particular, Operation Allied Force has revived the debate on the existence of a right of humanitarian intervention. In this context, the aim of the present contribution is to reaffirm that no right of humanitarian intervention exists under International Law, and that such right would lead to abuses in the name of human rights. To do so, we will revisit the Charter of the United Nations, before going through the state practice since the adoption of the UN Charter with a special emphasis on the intervention against Serbia in 1999.
Does Complexity Imply Value? AAII Value Strategies from 1963 to 2013

We compare the performance of 13 value investing screens used by practitioners against a simple model based on buying stocks with the lowest enterprise multiple. Our sample of value investing screens underperform the simple lowest enterprise multiple strategy. The one exception is the Piotroski F-Score screen, which has similar performance relative to the enterprise multiple strategy. Overall, the evidence suggests that simple value investing models can perform just as well as, if not better than, more complex value investing models.
Designing Subnational Institutions

This article conceptualizes decentralization as a change in the institutional rules that divide political authority and governing capacity between levels of government. By emphasizing the institutional dimension, the author argues that different approaches to the study of institutions, namely, rational and historical institutionalism, can generate analytical leverage on the contemporary trend of decentralization. In the Chilean case, rationalist perspectives illuminate the country’s continued status as one of Latin America’s most centralized polities. Comparatively weak subnational institutions directly reflect the strategic design considerations of national politicians. However, concepts central to historical institutionalism, including critical junctures and unanticipated consequences, explain how and why decentralization gained steam in the postauthoritarian period. Specifically, Chile’s shift to more decentralized institutions is the legacy of Pinochet-era reforms of subnational government, sequencing patterns that devolved governing capacity before political authority, and the emergence of new organizational actors who have struggled to decentralize Chile against the opposition of powerful national politicians.
Why Do Few Women Advance to Leadership Positions?

Women comprise a large segment of the available managerial talent across the globe, yet their representation at top level managerial positions in business and public administration, is rather obscure. The leadership prospect for women managers is a critical issue in gender equality and remains a researchable proposition. This article examines the literature of the last two decades on career advancement and leadership to unearth the impediments for women in management. Sex role orientation and the stereotyping of a manager's role as a masculine construct, along with the glass ceiling effect in organizations, are predominant themes that explain why so few women progress to positions of leadership and authority. The literature also points out that lack of career planning amongst women managers and their collaborative, power sharing management style, that are in sharp contrast to male managers, significantly influence women's advancement to the top echelons of management.
Actions of steroids and bemegride on the GABAA receptor of mouse spinal neurones in culture

The effects of a synthetic and an endogenous steroid were studied on the GABAA receptors of isolated mouse spinal neurones, maintained in culture. Low doses of alphaxalone reversibly increased GABA‐evoked whole‐cell currents. Alphaxalone at higher doses (10‐50 microM), when pressure ejected onto spinal neurones, also directly evoked a membrane chloride current. Such currents were reversibly suppressed by bicuculline (a GABAA antagonist) and enhanced by phenobarbitone. 5 beta‐Pregnan‐3 alpha‐ol‐20‐one, a progesterone metabolite, dose‐dependently potentiated the amplitude of GABA‐evoked whole‐cell currents. The mechanism of potentiation was examined at the single‐channel level using outside‐out patches from spinal neurones. The main action of the steroid on the GABAA receptor appears to be similar to that found for barbiturates, in that they prolonged GABA‐activated bursts of channel openings. Bemegride had an antagonistic action on the GABAA receptor, suppressing both GABA‐ and pentobarbitone‐evoked whole‐cell currents to similar extents.
Elucidation of the Mechanisms through Which the Reactive Metabolite Diclofenac Acyl Glucuronide Can Mediate Toxicity

We have previously reported that mice lacking the efflux transporter Mrp3 had significant intestinal injury after toxic diclofenac (DCF) challenge, and proposed that diclofenac acyl glucuronide (DCF-AG), as a substrate of Mrp3, played a part in mediating injury. Since both humans and mice express the uptake transporter OATP2B1 in the intestines, OATP2B1 was characterized for DCF-AG uptake. In vitro assays using human embryonic kidney (HEK)-OATP2B1 cells demonstrated that DCF-AG was a substrate with a maximal velocity (Vmax) and Km of 17.6 ± 1.5 pmol/min per milligram and 14.3 ± 0.1 μM, respectively. Another key finding from our in vitro assays was that DCF-AG was more cytotoxic compared with DCF, and toxicity occurred within 1–3 hours of exposure. We also report that 1 mM DCF-AG caused a 6-fold increase in reactive oxygen species (ROS) by 3 hours. Investigation of oxidative stress through inhibition of superoxide dismutase (SOD) revealed that DCF-AG had 100% inhibition of SOD at the highest tested dose of 1 mM. The SOD and ROS results strongly suggest DCF-AG induced oxidative stress in vitro. Lastly, DCF-AG was screened for pharmacologic activity against COX-1 and COX-2 and was found to have IC50 values of 0.620 ± 0.105 and 2.91 ± 0.36 μM, respectively, which represents a novel finding. Since cyclooxygenase (COX) inhibition can lead to intestinal ulceration, it is plausible that DCF-AG can also contribute to enteropathy via COX inhibition. Taken in context, the work presented herein demonstrated the multifactorial pathways by which DCF-AG can act as a direct contributor to toxicity following DCF administration.