Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
A Direct Kernel Uncorrelated Discriminant Analysis Algorithm

In this letter, we present a new formulation for uncorrelated discriminant analysis (UDA) in some high-dimensional feature space and then propose an efficient UDA algorithm using kernel technique. Unlike some existing UDA algorithms, which solve uncorrelated discriminant vectors one at a time, the proposed algorithm is able to extract all the uncorrelated discriminant vectors simultaneously in the feature space and does not suffer the small sample size problem. Experimental results show that the proposed method is very competitive in comparison with some existing discriminant analysis algorithms, in terms of recognition rate and robustness with respect to kernel parameters.
The Inﬂuence of Atmospheric Cloud Radiative Effects on the Large-Scale Stratospheric Circulation

Previous studies have explored the inﬂuence of atmospheric cloud radiative effects (ACRE) on the tropospheric circulation. Here the authors explore the inﬂuence of ACRE on the stratospheric circulation. The response of the stratospheric circulation to ACRE is assessed by comparing simulations run with and without ACRE. The stratospheric circulation response to ACRE is reproducible in a range of different GCMs and can be interpreted in the context of both a dynamically driven and a radiatively driven component. The dynamic component is linked to ACRE-induced changes in the vertical and meridional ﬂuxes of wave activity. The ACRE-induced changes in the vertical ﬂux of wave activity into the stratosphere are consistent with the ACRE-induced changes in tropospheric baroclinicity and thus the amplitude of midlatitude baroclinic eddies. They account for a strengthening of the Brewer–Dobson circulation, a cooling of the tropical lower stratosphere, a weakening and warming of the polar vortex, a reduction of static stability near the tropical tropopause transition layer, and a shortening of the time scale of extratropical stratospheric variability. The ACRE-induced changes in the equatorward ﬂux of wave activity in the low-latitude stratosphere account for a strengthening of the zonal wind in the subtropical lower to midstratosphere.Theradiativecomponent is linked to ACRE-induced changes in the ﬂux of longwave radiation into the lower stratosphere. The changes in radiative ﬂuxes lead to a cooling of the extratropical lower stratosphere, changes in the static stability and cloud fraction near the extratropical tropopause, and a shortening of the time scales of extratropical stratospheric variability. The results highlight a previously overlooked pathway through which tropospheric climate inﬂuences the stratosphere. zonal-mean zonal anomalies 55 8 75 8 N regressed standardized JFM zonal-mean zonal anomalies of pressure level and lag. lag regressions daily anomaly data centered about the JFM season. construction, positive anomalies in the zonal-mean zonal wind at 10hPa, day 0, and start decaying after day 0.
An ecosystem services framework to support both practical conservation and economic development

The core idea of the Millennium Ecosystem Assessment is that the human condition is tightly linked to environmental condition. This assertion suggests that conservation and development projects should be able to achieve both ecological and social progress without detracting from their primary objectives. Whereas “win–win” projects that achieve both conservation and economic gains are a commendable goal, they are not easy to attain. An analysis of World Bank projects with objectives of alleviating poverty and protecting biodiversity revealed that only 16% made major progress on both objectives. Here, we provide a framework for anticipating win–win, lose–lose, and win–lose outcomes as a result of how people manage their ecosystem services. This framework emerges from detailed explorations of several case studies in which biodiversity conservation and economic development coincide and cases in which there is joint failure. We emphasize that scientific advances around ecosystem service production functions, tradeoffs among multiple ecosystem services, and the design of appropriate monitoring programs are necessary for the implementation of conservation and development projects that will successfully advance both environmental and social goals. The potentially bright future of jointly advancing ecosystem services, conservation, and human well-being will be jeopardized unless a global monitoring effort is launched that uses the many ongoing projects as a grand experiment.
Histone Deacetylase Inhibitors Decrease Cocaine But Not Sucrose Self-Administration in Rats

Regulation of gene expression is known to contribute to the long-term adaptations taking place in response to drugs of abuse. Recent studies highlighted the regulation of gene transcription in neurons by chromatin remodeling, a process in which posttranslational modifications of histones play a major role. To test the involvement of epigenetic regulation on drug-reinforcing properties, we submitted rats to the cocaine operant self-administration paradigm. Using the fixed ratio 1 schedule, we found that the histone deacetylase (HDAC) inhibitors trichostatin A and phenylbutyrate dose-dependently reduced cocaine self-administration. Under the progressive ratio schedule, both trichostatin A and depudecin significantly reduced the breaking point, indicating that HDAC inhibition attenuated the motivation of rats for cocaine. Conversely, HDAC inhibition did not decrease self-administration for the natural reinforcer sucrose. This observation was correlated with measurements of HDAC activity in the frontal cortex, which was inhibited in response to cocaine, but not to sucrose self-administration. Control experiments showed that the decrease in the motivation for the drug was not attributable to a general motivational dysfunction because trichostatin A had no adverse effect on locomotion during the habituation session or on cocaine-induced hyperlocomotion. It was not attributable to anhedonia because the inhibitor had no effect on the sucrose preference test. In contrast, trichostatin A completely blocked the cocaine-induced behavioral sensitization. Together, the data show that epigenetic regulation of gene transcription in adult brain is able to influence a motivated behavior and suggest that HDAC inhibition may counteract the neural sensitization leading to drug dependence.
The fixation probability of beneficial mutations

The fixation probability, the probability that the frequency of a particular allele in a population will ultimately reach unity, is one of the cornerstones of population genetics. In this review, we give a brief historical overview of mathematical approaches used to estimate the fixation probability of beneficial alleles. We then focus on more recent work that has relaxed some of the key assumptions in these early papers, providing estimates that have wider applicability to both natural and laboratory settings. In the final section, we address the possibility of future work that might bridge the gap between theoretical results to date and results that might realistically be applied to the experimental evolution of microbial populations. Our aim is to highlight the concrete, testable predictions that have arisen from the theoretical literature, with the intention of further motivating the invaluable interplay between theory and experiment.
Event shape / energy flow correlations

We introduce a set of correlations between energy flow and event shapes that are sensitive to the flow of color at short distances in jet events. These correlations are formulated for a general set of event shapes, which includes jet broadening and thrust as special cases. We illustrate the method for electron-positron annihilation dijet events, and calculate the correlation at leading logarithm in the energy flow and at next-to-leading-logarithm in the event shape.
Automatic Assessment of Dimensional Affective Content in Turkish Multi-party Chat Messages

This study presents a model for affective text analysis of online multi-party chat records in Turkish language. Online chats have challenges like non-standard word usage, grammatical irregularities, abbreviation usage, and spelling mistakes. We propose several pre-processing steps to deal with these. We adapt an affective word dictionary from English to Turkish, and by expanding it, obtain 15,222 words with annotations for valence, arousal, and dominance. We also employ a list of abbreviations, emoticons, interjections, modifiers (intensifiers and diminishers), and other linguistic indicators to capture the overall affective state at the sentence level. Lastly, we recruit and train annotators to obtain affective ground truth, and assess the accuracy of the proposed rule-based approach on a multi-party chat database collected from an online gaming environment.
Pleuroparenchymal fibroelastosis: the prevalence of secondary forms in hematopoietic stem cell and lung transplantation recipients.

PURPOSE Pleuroparenchymal fibroelastosis (PPFE) is a rare form of interstitial pneumonia, characterized by elastotic fibrosis involving the pleura and subpleural parenchyma, predominantly in the upper lobes. PPFE can be either idiopathic or secondary and mostly occurs as a late complication of lung or hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT). The aim of this study was to evaluate the prevalence of secondary forms in transplant recipients. METHODS An expert thoracic radiologist retrospectively reviewed high-resolution computed tomography exams of 700 HSCT recipients and 53 lung transplant recipients from the database of the Radiology Department of S. Orsola-Malpighi Hospital dating back from 2007. For each case that radiologically fulfilled PPFE criteria, the following details were retrieved: clinical characteristics, laboratory and functional data, pathologic findings (obtained from one patient) and metabolic data (obtained from three patients). RESULTS Six cases clinically and radiologically consistent with PPFE were identified: two HSCT recipients (0.28%) and four lung transplant recipients (7.54%). CONCLUSION In this study, PPFE was strongly associated with lung transplants as a late complication, with a prevalence of 7.54%.
Diffusion-weighted imaging–fluid-attenuated inversion recovery mismatch is associated with better neurologic response to intravenous thrombolytic therapy in acute ischemic stroke patients

Objective To investigate differences in the effect of intravenous (IV) thrombolysis regarding the mismatch of diffusion-weighted imaging–fluid-attenuated inversion recovery (DWI-FLAIR) among acute ischemic stroke patients who visited the emergency department (ED) within 3 hours from the onset of symptoms. Methods Among ED patients presenting with an acute ischemic stroke between January 2011 and May 2013 at a tertiary hospital, those who underwent magnetic resonance imaging before IV thrombolytic therapy were included in this retrospective study. Patients were divided into DWI-FLAIR mismatch and match groups. National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS) scores obtained initially, 24 hours after thrombolytic therapy, and on discharge, and early neurologic improvement (ENI) and major neurologic improvement (MNI) were compared. Results During the study period, 50 of the 213 acute ischemic stroke patients who presented to the ED were included. The DWI-FLAIR mismatch group showed a statistically significantly greater reduction in NIHSS both at 24 hours after thrombolytic therapy and upon discharge than did the match group (5.5 vs. 1.2, P<0.001; 6.0 vs. 2.3, P<0.01, respectively). Moreover, ENI and MNI were significantly greater for the DWI-FLAIR mismatch group than for the match group (27/36 vs. 2/14, P<0.001; 12/36 vs. 0/14, P=0.012, respectively). Conclusion Among acute ischemic stroke patients who visited the ED within 3 hours from the onset of symptoms, patients who showed DWI-FLAIR mismatch showed a significantly better response to IV thrombolytic therapy than did the DWI-FLAIR match group in terms of neurologic outcome.
Wastewater Treatment and Biogas Production from Air Dried Rubber Sheet Production Wastewater by Anaerobic System

The scopes of this research were to investigate efficiency of anaerobic digestion system to treat wastewater from air dried rubber sheet production process and to produce and use biogas from this system. Wastewater from air dried rubber sheet production process contains high organic substance and pH about 4.6. Therefore, this wastewater must be adjusted pH to be 7 before feeding to system in start-up period. Two tanks system (The system consisted of 2 digestion tanks, each tank was operated at HRT 7.5 days, total HRT was 15 days) provided higher wastewater treatment efficiency than one tank system (The system consisted of 1 digestion tank, it was operated at HRT 15 days). In this research, full-scale reactor (two tank system, total volume was 800 liters) was set up and operated at agriculturist’s home in Nakorn Sri Thamaraj, Thailand. From the first day to the fifteenth day of operating period, wastewater was adjusted pH from 4.6 to be 7.0 before feeding into reactor. After that, reactor was fed with wastewater which was not adjusted pH (pH about 4.6). The results of full-scale shown that this system provided average removal efficiency of COD, BOD, TSS, TKN and TP about 69.23%, 66.86%, 63.16%, 35.81% and 36.74%, respectively. Biogas production rate of full-scale system was 0.45 m3-gas/m3-reactor.day (0.57 m3-gas/kg CODremoved). Total biogas from full-scale reactor (800 liters) was 360 liters per day; it can be used for cooking about 2 hours per day. Compositions of biogas were methane 65%, carbon dioxide 32% and another gas such as nitrogen and hydrogen sulfide 3%.
miR‐130a activates apoptotic signaling through activation of caspase‐8 in taxane‐resistant prostate cancer cells

The acquisition of drug resistance is one of the most malignant phenotypes of cancer and identification of its therapeutic target is a prerequisite for the development of novel therapy. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) have been implicated in various types of cancer and proposed as potential therapeutic targets for patients. In the present study, we aimed to identify miRNA that could serve as a therapeutic target for taxane‐resistant prostate cancer.
Quantitative comparison of novel GCaMP-type genetically encoded Ca2+ indicators in mammalian neurons

New variants of GCaMP-type genetically encoded Ca2+ indicators (GECIs) have been continuously developed and heavily used in many areas of biology including neuroscience. The latest subfamily called “GECOs” were developed with in vitro high-throughput screening, and shown to have novel spectral properties and/or improved fluorescent responses over their ancestor GCaMP3. The most critical parameter in evaluating performance in neurons, however, remains uncharacterized: the relationship between the GECI responses and the number of action potentials (APs). Here we analyzed the GECI responses to APs in cortical pyramidal cells of mouse acute brain slices. Unexpectedly, we found that none of the GECOs exhibited any improved performance over GCaMP3. Our results imply that careful validation is required for the accurate prediction of the actual performance of GECIs in mammalian neurons. We propose that appropriate guidelines for evaluating their efficacy should be established for the benefit of research community, given the rapidly expanding use of GECIs in neuroscience.
Fatigue Notch Sensitivity of Glass Woven Fabric Composites Having a Circular Hole under Tension/Torsion Biaxial Loading

Fatigue notch sensitivity of woven fabric composites having a circular hole under tension/torsion biaxial loading was investigated. In-phase (proportional) biaxial stress was applied to tubular specimens. A fatigue notch factor was used to evaluate the fatigue notch sensitivity. The experimental results revealed that the fatigue notch factor was approximately linear with respect to a parameter; cos (tan-' ce) for any fatigue life (a is biaxiality ratio of combined stress). The fatigue notch factor decreased with an increase in fatigue life in the case where the shear stress component was relatively small. However, in the case where the shear stress component was large, it increased with an increase in fatigue life. Under pure torsion loading, fatigue damage did not progress along the principal axis. It grew along both longitudinal and transverse fiber bundles. An empirical equation which can easily predict the fatigue notch factor at any arbitrary fatigue life under biaxial loading was proposed. Unknown variables in this equation are determined by fatigue tests under uniaxial tensile and pure torsion loadings.
Evaluation of Effective Factors on the Clinical Performance of General Surgeons in Tehran University of Medical Science, 2015

Background and Objective: Existence of doctors with high performance is one of the necessary conditions to provide high quality services. There are different motivations, which could affect their performance. Recognizing Factors which effect the performance of doctors as an effective force in health care centers is necessary. The aim of this article was evaluate the effective factors which influence on clinical performance of general surgery of Tehran University of Medical Sciences in 2015. Methods: This is a cross-sectional qualitative-quantitative study. This research conducted in 3 phases-phases I: (use of library studies and databases to collect data), phase II: localization of detected factors in first phase by using the Delphi technique and phase III: prioritizing the affecting factors on performance of doctors by using qualitative interviews. Results: 12 articles were analyzed from 300 abstracts during the evaluation process. The output of assessment identified 23 factors was sent to surgeons and their assistants for obtaining their opinions. Quantitative analysis of the findings showed that “work qualification” (86.1%) and “managers and supervisors style” (50%) have respectively the most and the least impact on the performance of doctors. Finally 18 effective factors were identified and prioritized in the performance of general surgeons. Conclusion: The results showed that motivation and performance is not a single operating parameter and it depends on several factors according to cultural background. Therefore it is necessary to design, implementation and monitoring based on key determinants of effective interventions due to cultural background.
A Novel Algorithm for Image Compression and Pattern Matching

The development in communication and use of multimedia applications has created a remarkable demand for robust ways to store and transmit large databases of images. The current communication system demands compression techniques to store and transmit data in an apposite manner. Compression schemes for images can be used to manage data of high sensitivity with less computational complexity. In this paper we suggest a novel algorithm for image compression and pattern matching called Difference Component Analysis (DCA). DCA extract the most relevant image feature components that identify the image. The DCA is based on the premise that matching images have minimal difference components. The experiment on DCA is done using more than 1000 human face images. The results show that the image can be compressed to a single decimal value and uses less computational steps. The concept can be applied for pattern recognition encryption techniques.
Molecular Geometry and BULL!

Geometric properties are critical for the function of molecules consisting of atoms which are usually modeled as a set of spheres in 3D. We propose "Molecular Geometry" which is a theoretical framework of computational understanding of the geometry of molecules in the claim that most, hopefully all, molecular structure problems can be effectively and efficiently facilitated by the "geometrization" of the problem at hand. We also report BULL! , the molecular geometry engine based on the Voronoi diagram of spheres, the quasi-triangulation, and the beta-complex. Being a program implemented in C++, application programmers can simply call API-functions of BULL! to create application programs correctly, efficiently, and conveniently. The BULL! engine, which will be freely available from the Voronoi Diagram Research Center at Hanyang University, is designed so that application programs are completely independent of future modifications and improvements.
Possible Linkage between the Ability to Change the Period (τ) of the Prolactin and Cortisol Rhythms in Women and Breast Cancer Risk

The 24 h profiles of plasma hormone concentrations are rhythmic. The circadian period (τ) changes in development, with seasons, and in women with different stages of the menstrual cycle. It is known that the rhythms of prolactin and cortisol are sensitive to environmental time cues, such as changes in day length and phase; however, the importance of these changes is not yet understood. This study investigates whether there is a relation between the ability of a subject to respond to external cues that are associated with seasonal changes causing alteration of the rhythm's periods in cortisol and prolactin and the epidemiologically determined susceptibility to breast cancer. It is shown that the rhythmic output pattern of prolactin and cortisol in vivo is generated by more than one oscillator and structured by more than one rhythmic component. Each cohort of American women, classified on an epidemiologic basis as high risk (HR) or low risk (LR) to develop breast cancer, expresses different rhythmic output patterns of both variables, suggesting that the genetic background as defined by the risk state is related to differences in the circadian time structure, including the ability of the subject to change the rhythm's τ. The LR cohort exhibited a statistically significant change between seasons in the rhythm's τ of both the prolactin and cortisol patterns. In contrast, the HR cohort showed no change in the rhythm's τ between seasons for prolactin and cortisol patterns. These results show that in human beings, the presence of a circannual rhythm in the circadian time structure or the ability to adapt the circadian rhythmic pattern of these variables to external cues, such as seasons, is related to the partly genetically determined risk state to develop breast cancer and may be of importance for human health.
Reassessing the marijuana gateway effect.

AIMS Strong associations between marijuana use and initiation of hard drugs are cited in support of the claim that marijuana use per se increases youths' risk of initiating hard drugs (the 'marijuana gateway' effect). This report examines whether these associations could instead be explained as the result of a common factor-drug use propensity-influencing the probability of both marijuana and other drug use. DESIGN A model of adolescent drug use initiation in the United States is constructed using parameter estimates derived from US household surveys of drug use conducted between 1982 and 1994. Model assumptions include: (1) individuals have a non-specific random propensity to use drugs that is normally distributed in the population; (2) this propensity is correlated with the risk of having an opportunity to use drugs and with the probability of using them given an opportunity, and (3) neither use nor opportunity to use marijuana is associated with hard drug initiation after conditioning on drug use propensity. FINDINGS Each of the phenomena used to support claims of a 'marijuana gateway effect' are reproduced by the model, even though marijuana use has no causal influence over hard drug initiation in the model. CONCLUSIONS Marijuana gateway effects may exist. However, our results demonstrate that the phenomena used to motivate belief in such an effect are consistent with an alternative simple, plausible common-factor model. No gateway effect is required to explain them. The common-factor model has implications for evaluating marijuana control policies that differ significantly from those supported by the gateway model.