Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Mathematics Attitude of Future Teachers of Stem Subjects

Aim. This paper presents research aimed at testing the mathematical self-efficacy of mathematics and computer science student teachers. The aim of the presented phase of the research was to verify the effectiveness of the chosen research instrument after translation into Czech, its applicability within the specific environment of the preparation of future teachers and the design of a shorter version of the questionnaire. Methods. 97 students of the first and second year of Bachelor's degree studies at the Faculty of Education of Charles University, specialising in mathematics and computer science, were interviewed either in a single-subject form or in combination with a second subject. Subsequently, the data was processed and evaluated using quantitative methods. Results. The results confirmed that the test, even when translated into Czech, fully met the claim of high reliability (Cronbach's Alpha = 0.965). Using the Principal Axis Factoring method with Varimax with Kaiser Normalisation in 11 iterations, convergence to the four basic components, which were characterised as Motivation and Enjoyment, Anxiety, Self-confidence and Value, was achieved. Conclusion. The research has shown that the chosen research instrument, the ATMI questionnaire, is fully functional after translation into English and use in the environment of preparation of future mathematics and science teachers. The first measurement data also confirms that attitudes towards mathematics are very different among future mathematics and science teachers. It also confirmed the assumption that the questionnaire has the potential to identify students who have problematic attitudes towards mathematics and are therefore at risk of dropping out.
Evolution of south seasonal cap during Martian spring: Insights from high‐resolution observations by HiRISE and CRISM on Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter

[1] We use data from the High Resolution Imaging Science Experiment (HiRISE) camera and the Compact Reconnaissance Imaging Spectrometer for Mars (CRISM) imaging spectrometer onboard the Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter to follow the evolution of the appearance and composition of 12 regions of the south polar layered deposits from spring to summer time. We distinguish three steps in the evolution of the volatile layer: a decrease of both CO2 band strength and albedo until Ls = 190°–210°, a significant increase in both until Ls = 240°–260° and finally a rapid decrease until the complete defrosting of the ground. In contrast, the water ice band displays a more monotonic decrease. Analysis of HiRISE color images acquired simultaneously with CRISM data allows a plausible interpretation of this evolution. In early springtime (Ls < 200°), intense jet activity results in deposition of fans of large mineral grains and a wide spatial distribution of fine grains. The small-scale topography controls the presence and location of the jets by allowing more solar energy to be collected on slopes. Grains from the dust fans warm and sink through the CO2 layer, resulting in a bluish color at the locations of the fans around Ls = 190°–210°. As the atmosphere warms up, the surface of the ice layer sublimes and releases dust and water, resulting in its brightening. The last phase of the process consists in a progressive defrosting resulting in a patchwork of frozen and unfrozen areas.
Impact of the Global Financial Crisis on the Efficiency of Indian IT Firms

This study uses a balanced scorecard framework to identify proxy variables for the inputs and outputs of a sample of firms in India’s information technology and IT-enabled services sector. It uses these variables and an additive data envelopment analysis model to identify and analyse the inefficiency of these firms for three years before and after the global financial crisis of 2008. In particular, the study focuses on the responses of Indian firms to economic adjustments made by their clients in developed countries after the crisis
Record of δ18O and 17O‐excess in ice from Vostok Antarctica during the last 150,000 years

We measured δ17O and δ18O in recent Antarctic snow and down the Vostok ice core and calculated the excess of 17O with respect to VSMOW. The magnitude of the 17O excess in the Holocene and the last interglacial is ∼45 per meg, and it remains constant in a transect from the coast to the continental interior. Analysis of the transect data shows that the 17O‐excess is not sensitive to temperature variations over the continent. There are significant shifts in 17O‐excess from low values in glacial to high values in interglacial times. The observed shifts suggest higher normalized relative humidity and/or wind speeds over the source oceanic regions in glacial times.
Taxonomic revision of the Stenopelmatus talpa species group (Orthoptera: Stenopelmatidae: Stenopelmatini)

We carried out a taxonomic revision of the Stenopelmatus talpa species group (Stenopelmatidae: Stenopelmatini), a poorly studied group of orthopterans whose species are distributed along the Trans-Mexican Volcanic Belt and adjacent areas of the Sierra Madre Oriental and Sierra Madre del Sur in Central Mexico. We examined both features from both the external morphological and male internal genitalia, and also carried out a molecular species delimitation based on DNA barcoding. An integrative approach based on congruence of morphological and molecular evidence helped to delimit 9 species for the S. talpa species group, 7 of which are new to science whereas the remaining 2 are already described, S. talpa and S. typhlops. We described 4 out of the above 7 new species: Stenopelmatus chilango sp. nov., S. purepecha sp. nov., S. sierragordaensis sp. nov. and S. tlaxcalli sp. nov. A key to the described species of the S. talpa species group is provided. Our study highlights the relevance of the male internal genitalia as a valuable character system to delimit species in Stenopelmatus.
Retail Option Trading and Market Quality: Evidence from High-Frequency Data

Retail option trading has become an important feature of modern financial markets. Since option contracts are in zero net supply, net imbalances are delta hedged by financial intermediaries. We leverage a unique dataset that allows us to categorize option trading by trader type to show that option delta hedge re-balancing trades driven by uninformed retail traders affect market quality. This effect is seen in multiple measures of liquidity measured using high-frequency data. ∗O’Donovan is at the Economics and Finance Department, City University of Hong Kong, james.odonovan@cityu.edu. hk, Yu is at Singapore Management University gloriayu@smu.edu. sg Zhang is at the UCLA Anderson School of Management jinyuan.zhang@anderson.ucla. edu.
UVicSPACE: Research & Learning Repository

Aim: A universal attribute of species is that their distributions are limited by numer - ous factors that may be difficult to quantify. Furthermore, climate change-induced range shifts have been reported in many taxa, and understanding the implications of these shifts remains a priority and a challenge. Here, we use Maxent to predict current suitable habitat and to project future distributions of two closely related, parapatrically distributed Phymata species in light of anthropogenic climate change. Location: North America.
Impact of low input meadows on arthropod diversity at habitat and landscape scale.

In Switzerland, in order to preserve and enhance arthopod diversity in grassland ecosystems (among others), farmers had to convert at least 7 % of their land to ecological compensation areas – ECA. Major ECA are low input grassland, traditional orchards, hedges and wild flower strips. In this paper the difference in species assemblages of 3 arthropod groups, namely spiders, carabid beetles and butterflies between intensively managed and low input meadows is stressed by means of multivariate statistics. On one hand, the consequences of these differences are analysed at the habitat level to promote good practices for the arthropod diversity in grassland ecosystems. On the other hand, the contribution of each meadow type to the regional diversity is investigated to widen the analysis at the landscape level.
Generalized $\mathcal{S}$-Procedure for Inequality Conditions on One-Vector-Lossless Sets and Linear System Analysis

The generalized version of the $\mathcal{S}$-procedure, recently introduced by Iwasaki and co-authors and Scherer independently, has proved to be very useful for robustness analysis and synthesis of control systems. In particular, this procedure provides a nonconservative way to convert specific inequality conditions on lossless sets into numerically verifiable conditions represented by linear matrix inequalities (LMIs). In this paper, we introduce a new notion, one-vector-lossless sets, and propose a generalized $\mathcal{S}$-procedure to reduce inequality conditions on one-vector-lossless sets into LMIs without any conservatism. By means of the proposed generalized $\mathcal{S}$-procedure, we can examine various properties of matrix-valued functions over some regions on the complex plane. To illustrate the usefulness, we show that full rank property analysis problems of polynomial matrices over some specific regions on the complex plane can be reduced into LMI feasibility problems. It turns out that many existing results such as Lyapunov's inequalities and LMIs for state-feedback controller synthesis readily follow from the suggested generalized $\mathcal{S}$-procedure.
Les entraînements électromécaniques directs : diversité, contraintes et solutions.

L'entrainement electromecanique direct represente la simplification ultime des systemes de conversion electromecanique d'energie puisqu'il permet de supprimer les organes de transmissions mecaniques : reducteurs, multiplicateurs, transformation de mouvement de rotation et mouvement lineaires. Cette simplification de la transmission est utilisee depuis toujours dans certaines applications ou les caracteristiques mecaniques correspondaient bien a celles des moteurs classiques (vitesses comprises entre 1000 et 3000 tr/mn). Mais dans les applications de tres basses vitesses et fort couple, les tres hautes vitesses ainsi que celles a mouvements lineaires, la penetration s'effectue progressivement. Dans cet article, nous proposons de donner de nombreux exemples pour faire apparaitre la grande diversite des applications ou les entrainements directs existent ou emergent ; nous evoquons egalement leurs contraintes specifiques. Enfin, nous developpons un chapitre specifique sur les limites de faisabilite des moteurs electromagnetiques tournants aux tres grandes vitesses.
Inverse Estimation of Soil Hydraulic and Root Distribution Parameters from Lysimeter Data

We investigated the feasibility of simultaneous identification of soil hydraulic and root‐distribution parameters by inverse simulation of soil water flow in monolithic lysimeters under atmospheric boundary conditions using the Richards equation and a macroscopic root water uptake model. Weighable lysimeters are powerful test systems for this purpose because the boundary fluxes (precipitation, actual evapotranspiration, and seepage across the bottom) can be determined very precisely. We analyzed the amount of information needed for the unique identification of parameters and investigated the magnitude of their uncertainties. First, we examined synthetic data sets for different scenarios and instrumentation campaigns that differed in their information content and complexity of soil properties. Atmospheric boundary conditions as measured at the lysimeter station in Wagna, Austria, were used as forcing data. The results show that for homogeneous profiles, cumulative outflow and profile‐averaged water content data contain enough system information to allow the simultaneous estimation of soil hydraulic properties and root‐distribution parameters. In contrast, for soil profiles consisting of two layers, unique soil hydraulic parameters and the correct rooting depth could only be estimated if matric potential measurements from both layers were included in the objective function. Finally, soil hydraulic properties of the grass‐reference lysimeter in Wagna were estimated using real measurements. Water dynamics in the lysimeter could be described well by an effective parameterization assuming a homogeneous soil profile. Furthermore, the system behavior under different boundary conditions could be predicted adequately with the estimated parameters. This demonstrates the usefulness of the identified system properties for predictive modeling.
Anisotropic Depth Imaging In Thrustbelt Environments

There is a strong resurgence and renewed interest in the study of anisotropy. Most of the excellent research involves the theoretical aspects, studying anisotropy in flat lying beds, or using shear wave anisotropy in fracture detection. It is natural and fitting that anisotropy research is performed in the depth domain. However, most depth imaging is performed in complex structural environments, typically for thrustbelt or subsalt imaging. Therefore, truly practical depth imaging which attempts to correct for anisotropic affects must deal with dipping anisotropic geologic formations. This paper follows our development of anisotropic research from problem recognition, parameter estimation and results on anisotropic depth migration (ADM) on an internationally known field dataset.
Dike emplacement forerunning the Etna July 2001 eruption modeled through continuous tilt and GPS data

Late on the night of July 17, 2001, a lateral eruption started from the slopes of Mt. Etna. A 7 km long field of ground fractures opened between 13 and 20 July. The eruption ended on August 9, 2001 after emitting a lava volume of approximately 48 · 106 m3. A strong seismic swarm earthquake was recorded between July 12 and 17. The evolution leading up to the July crisis was monitored through continuous tilt and GPS measurements, which constrained the intrusion preceding the eruption in time, and inferred the position and geometry of the uprising dike. We modeled the marked ground deformation changes recorded in the days before the eruption onset. The result shows that a tensile crack with an opening dislocation of ca. 3 m, crossing the volcano edifice slightly southeast of the crater area, can explain the recorded deformation pattern. The location of the modeled tensile source fits the zone of the seismic swarm occurring during the magma uprising. The ground deformation pattern associated with the final uprising and its modeling suggest a very fast dike emplacement which appears different, both in terms of rapidity (only a few days) and source position, with respect to the sources modeled for the other lateral eruptions in the last twenty years.
Matching pursuit‐based shape representation and recognition using scale‐space

In this paper, we propose an analytical low‐level representation of images, obtained by a decomposition process, namely the matching pursuit (MP) algorithm, as a new way of describing objects through a general continuous description using an affine invariant dictionary of basis function (BFs). This description is used to recognize multiple objects in images. In the learning phase, a template object is decomposed, and the extracted subset of BFs, called meta‐atom, gives the description of the object. This description is then naturally extended into the linear scale‐space using the definition of our BFs, and thus providing a more general representation of the object. We use this enhanced description as a predefined dictionary of the object to conduct an MP‐based shape recognition task into the linear scale‐space. The introduction of the scale‐space approach improves the robustness of our method: we avoid local minima issues encountered when minimizing a nonconvex energy function. We show results for the detection of complex synthetic shapes, as well as real world (aerial and medical) images. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Int J Imaging Syst Technol, 16, 162–180, 2006
An ALMA-resolved View of 7000 au Protostellar Gas Ring around the Class I Source CrA-IRS 2 as a Possible Sign of Magnetic Flux Advection

Transferring a significant fraction of the magnetic flux from a dense cloud core is essential in the star formation process. A ringlike structure produced by magnetic flux loss has been predicted theoretically, but no observational identification has been presented. We have performed ALMA observations of the Class I protostar IRS 2 in the Corona Australis star-forming region and resolved a distinctive gas ring in the C18O (J = 2–1) line emission. The center of this gas ring is ∼5000 au away from the protostar, with a diameter of ∼7000 au. The radial velocity of the gas is ≲ 1 km s−1 blueshifted from that of the protostar, with a possible expanding feature judged from the velocity-field (moment 1) map and position–velocity diagram. These features are either observationally new or have been discovered but not discussed in depth because they are difficult to explain by well-studied protostellar phenomena such as molecular outflows and accretion streamers. A plausible interpretation is a magnetic wall created by the advection of magnetic flux, which is theoretically expected in the Class 0/I phase during star formation as a removal mechanism of magnetic flux. Similar structures reported in the other young stellar sources could likely be candidates formed by the same mechanism, encouraging us to revisit the issue of magnetic flux transport in the early stages of star formation from an observational perspective.
Picosecond and high-power UV/Vis light pulsing using gallium nitride field-effect transistors: implementation and design evaluation

This paper discusses the development of cost-effective and high-performance picosecond and high-power light pulsers. The use of innovative gallium nitride field-effect transistor technology, in combination with meticulous electronic design and careful selection of light-emitting diodes or laser diodes for ultraviolet and visible spectral ranges, has resulted in superior characteristics compared to commonly used designs. The sub-ns design achieves pulse widths as low as 300 ps, with photon outputs ranging between 104-109 photons per pulse, over a wavelength range of 235-470 nm. Meanwhile, the high-power design achieves pulse widths as low as 1.8 ns, with photon outputs ranging between 107-1011 photons per pulse, and a wavelength range of 375-525 nm. The two designs complement each other in photon outputs, covering a dynamic range of almost ten orders of magnitude. This paper provides an evaluation of the electrical design and emitter selection of both pulsers, as well as their electrical and optical performance.
A coupled hydraulic-hydrologic modelling approach to deriving a water balance model for a complex floodplain wetland system

Wetlands, particularly those in semi-arid or arid environments, are hotspots of biological diversity and productivity. Water resource managers are therefore increasing their efforts to conserve wetlands from environmental degradation. To do this, they require a thorough understanding of the wetting and drying regimes of these wetlands, and how potential land use, climate change and water resource development might affect inundation patterns. Hydrologic models can help to enhance this understanding, and to predict and assess future impacts. However, for semi-arid environments, data to assist in model construction is scarce. This paper presents a new method for developing a water balance model for a semi-arid wetland, the Narran Lakes ecosystem in eastern Australia. This method combines hydraulic (improving our understanding of water movement through a wetland) and hydrologic (improving our predictive capability for inundation levels) models and satellite imagery (acting as calibration and validation data) to produce a predictive model of wetland inundation. We show that this coupled hydraulic–hydrologic model yields inundation patterns commensurate with those that actually occurred over more than 30 years. The model results indicate that current inundation levels are at historical lows, which is most likely associated with a naturally occurring drought and increasing water resource development upstream.
Relationships of Barbourofelis piveteaui (Ozansoy, 1965), a late Miocene nimravid (Carnivora, Mammalia) from central Turkey

ABSTRACT An incomplete skull and associated mandible of “Megantereon” piveteaui Ozansoy, 1965, from the Middle Sinap Formation (Vallesian Mammal Age, early late Miocene) of Turkey is one of the best preserved and perhaps the latest known record of the Nimravidae outside North America. It shares many synapomorphies (such as the very specialized carnassials, reduced P3s and lower canine, broad palate, large infraorbital foramen, and large masseter insertion) with North American Barbourofelis, and is accordingly referred to this genus, which probably also includes B. vallesiensis (Beaumont and Crusafont, 1982) from the late Miocene of Spain. Immigration of this group into North America may have taken place near the middle/late Miocene boundary.
Reversed Active Learning based Atrous DenseNet for Pathological Image Classification

Witnessed the development of deep learning in recent years, increasing number of researches try to adopt deep learning model for medical image analysis. However, the usage of deep learning networks for the pathological image analysis encounters several challenges, e.g. high resolution (gigapixel) of pathological images and lack of annotations of cancer areas. To address the challenges, we proposed a complete framework for the pathological image classification, which consists of a novel training strategy, namely reversed active learning (RAL), and an advanced network, namely atrous DenseNet (ADN). The proposed RAL can remove the mislabel patches in the training set. The refined training set can then be used to train widely used deep learning networks, e.g. VGG-16, ResNets, etc. A novel deep learning network, i.e. atrous DenseNet (ADN), is also proposed for the classification of pathological images. The proposed ADN achieves multi-scale feature extraction by integrating the atrous convolutions to the Dense Block. The proposed RAL and ADN have been evaluated on two pathological datasets, i.e. BACH and CCG. The experimental results demonstrate the excellent performance of the proposed ADN + RAL framework, i.e. the average patch-level ACAs of 94.10% and 92.05% on BACH and CCG validation sets were achieved.
Post-selection inference for L1-penalized likelihood models

We present a new method for post-selection inference for L1 (lasso)-penalized likelihood models, including generalized regression models. Our approach generalizes the post-selection framework presented in Lee et al (2014). The method provides p-values and confidence intervals that are asymptotically valid, conditional on the inherent selection done by the lasso. We present applications of this work to (regularized) logistic regression, Cox's proportional hazards model and the graphical lasso.