Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Calibrated Surface Temperature Forecasts from the Canadian Ensemble Prediction System Using Bayesian Model Averaging

Abstract Bayesian model averaging (BMA) has recently been proposed as a way of correcting underdispersion in ensemble forecasts. BMA is a standard statistical procedure for combining predictive distributions from different sources. The output of BMA is a probability density function (pdf), which is a weighted average of pdfs centered on the bias-corrected forecasts. The BMA weights reflect the relative contributions of the component models to the predictive skill over a training sample. The variance of the BMA pdf is made up of two components, the between-model variance, and the within-model error variance, both estimated from the training sample. This paper describes the results of experiments with BMA to calibrate surface temperature forecasts from the 16-member Canadian ensemble system. Using one year of ensemble forecasts, BMA was applied for different training periods ranging from 25 to 80 days. The method was trained on the most recent forecast period, then applied to the next day’s forecasts as an .
Progress of key strategies in development of electrospun scaffolds: bone tissue

Abstract There has been unprecedented development in tissue engineering (TE) over the last few years owing to its potential applications, particularly in bone reconstruction or regeneration. In this article, we illustrate several advantages and disadvantages of different approaches to the design of electrospun TE scaffolds. We also review the major benefits of electrospun fibers for three-dimensional scaffolds in hard connective TE applications and identify the key strategies that can improve the mechanical properties of scaffolds for bone TE applications. A few interesting results of recent investigations have been explained for future trends in TE scaffold research.
Measurements of thermal conductivity of La0.95Sr0.05CoO3 nanofibers using MEMS devices

Thermoelectric oxide nanofibers prepared by electrospinning are expected to have reduced thermal conductivity when compared to bulk samples. Measurements of nanofibers’ thermal conductivity is challenging since it involves sophisticated sample preparation methods. In this work, we present a novel method suitable for measurements of thermal conductivity in a single nanofiber. A microelectro-mechanical (MEMS) device has been designed and fabricated to perform thermal conductivity measurements on a single nanofiber. A special Si template was designed to collect and transfer individual nanofibers onto a MEMS device. Pt was deposited by Focused Ion Beam to reduce the effective length of a prepared nanofiber. A single La0.95Sr0. 05CoO3 nanofiber with a diameter of 140 nm was studied and characterized using this approach. Measured thermal conductivity of a nanofiber was determined to be 0.7 W/m•K, which is 23% of the value reported for bulk La0.95Sr0. 05CoO3 samples.
Successful treatment of scalp actinic keratoses with photodynamic therapy using ambient light

1 Clouston HR. A hereditary ectodermal dystrophy. Can Med Assoc J 1929; 21:18–31. 2 Lamartine J, Essenfelder GM, Kibar Z et al. Mutations in GJB6 cause hidrotic ectodermal dysplasia. Nat Genet 2000; 26:142–4. 3 Smith FJD, Morley SM, McLean WHI. A novel connexin 30 mutation in Clouston syndrome. J Invest Dermatol 2002; 118:530–2. 4 Richard G, White TW, Smith LE et al. Functional defects of Cx26 resulting from a heterozygous missense mutation in a family with dominant deaf-mutism and palmoplantar keratoderma. Hum Genet 1998; 103:393–9. 5 Richard G, Rouan F, Willoughby CE et al. De novo mutation in the gene encoding connexin-26 (GJB-2) in a sporadic case of keratitisichthyosis-deafness (KID) syndrome. Am J Hum Genet 1980; 70:1341–8. 6 Jan AY, Amin S, Ratajczak P et al. Genetic heterogeneity of KID syndrome: identification of a Cx30 gene (GJB6) mutation in a patient with KID syndrome and congenital atrichia. J Invest Dermatol 2004; 122:1108–13. 7 van Steensel MAM. Gap junction diseases of the skin. Am J Med Genet 2004; 131C:12–19.
Gravity and elevation changes at Askja , Iceland Journal Item

Ground tilt measurements demonstrate that Askja is in a state of unrest, and that in the period 1988 1991 a maximum 48 +/3 μrad tilt occurred down towards the centre of the caldera. This is consistent with 126 mm of deflation at the centre of the caldera with a 2.5 3.0 km depth to the source of deformation. The volume of the subsidence bowl is 6.2 x 106 m3. When combined with high precision microgravity measurements, the overall change in sub-surface mass may be quantified. After correction for the observed elevation change using the free air gradient of gravity measured for each station, the total change in mass is estimated to be less than 109 kg. A small residual ground inflation and net gravity increase in the eastern part of the caldera may be caused by dyke intrusion in this region. The minimum dimensions of such an intrusion or complex of intrusions are 1 m width, up to 100 m deep and up to several hundred metres thick.
Influence of Methylenetetrahydrofolate Reductase C677T Polymorphism on the Risk of Lung Cancer and the Clinical Response to Platinum-Based Chemotherapy for Advanced Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer: An Updated Meta-Analysis

Purpose Methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase (MTHFR) has been implicated in lung cancer risk and response to platinum-based chemotherapy in advanced non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). However, the results are controversial. We performed meta-analysis to investigate the effect of MTHFR C677T polymorphism on lung cancer risk and response to platinum-based chemotherapy in advanced NSCLC. Materials and Methods The databases of PubMed, Ovid, Wanfang and Chinese Biomedicine were searched for eligible studies. Nineteen studies on MTHFR C677T polymorphism and lung cancer risk and three articles on C677T polymorphism and response to platinum-based chemotherapy in advanced NSCLC, were identified. Results The results indicated that the allelic contrast, homozygous contrast and recessive model of the MTHFR C677T polymorphism were associated significantly with increased lung cancer risk. In the subgroup analysis, the C677T polymorphism was significantly correlated with an increased risk of NSCLC, with the exception of the recessive model. The dominant model and the variant T allele showed a significant association with lung cancer susceptibility of ever smokers. Male TT homozygote carriers had a higher susceptibility, but the allelic contrast and homozygote model had a protective effect in females. No relationship was observed for SCLC in any comparison model. In addition, MTHFR 677TT homozygote carriers had a better response to platinum-based chemotherapy in advanced NSCLC in the recessive model. Conclusion The MTHFR C677T polymorphism might be a genetic marker for lung cancer risk or response to platinum-based chemotherapy in advanced NSCLC. However, our results require further verification.
The AIDS dementia complex: II. Neuropathology

In order to define the histopathological substrate of the dementia that frequently complicates the acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS), we analyzed the neuropathological findings in 70 autopsied adult AIDS patients, 46 of whom had suffered clinically overt dementia. Less than 10% of the brains were histologically normal. Abnormalities were found predominantly in the white matter and in subcortical structures, with relative sparing of the cortex. Their frequency and severity generally correlated well with the degree and duration of clinical dementia. Most commonly noted was diffuse pallor in the white matter, which in the pathologically milder cases was accompanied by scanty perivascular infiltrates of lymphocytes and brown‐pigmented macrophages, and in the most advanced cases by clusters of foamy macrophages and multinucleated cells associated with multifocal rarefaction of the white matter. However, in nearly one third of the demented cases the histopathological findings were remarkably bland in relation to the severity of clinical dysfunction. In addition, similar mild changes were noted in over one half of the nondemented patients, consistent with subclinical involvement. Vacuolar myelopathy was found in 23 patients and was generally more common and severe in patients with advanced brain pathology. Evidence of cytomegalovirus (CMV) infection was noted in nearly one quarter of the brains and was associated with a relative abundance of microglial nodules, but correlated neither with the major subcortical neuropathology nor with the clinical dementia, indicating that CMV infection likely represented a second, superimposed process. This study establishes the AIDS dementia complex as a distinct clinical and pathological entity and, together with accumulating virological evidence, suggests that it is caused by direct LAV/HTLV‐III brain infection.
PREDICTION OF AGE AT MENOPAUSE IN WOMEN OF SUBURBAN AREAS IN CHENNAI USING A MODEL OF FSH OVER AGE - A PILOT STUDY

Objectives: The human ovary is characterized by early senescence and the end stage of ovarian activity is termed menopause. The age at which menopause occur is between 45 and 55 years world wide. The objective of this pilot study is to determine the age at menopause by using a model of FSH over age in women of sub urban region around Chennai, India. Materials and Methods: The subjects include 500 patients of age between 30 and 36 yrs with BMI ranging from 24-28.After recording their general profile and history, blood samples were obtained by venipuncture and hormone FSH was estimated on the day 3 of the menstrual cycle. Based on functional dependence of FSH in the form of exponential relation with age, a model was proposed. Using least square approximation the beta values were calculated. Results: With the help of beta values and using the cut off value of 40 IU/ml for FSH, this predicted model determined the age of menopause as 44.6yrs in women of sub urban region around Chennai. Conclusion: The age of menopause is different in various region worlds wide. According to this pilot study the suburban women of Chennai, attain menopause at an age of 44.6 years. Further exploration should be done to alleviate the role of diet, life style and ethnic variation on menopausal age and the impact of chronic disease like osteoporosis during the period of menopause. 1 Department of Gynecology & Obstetrics, Sree Balaji Medical College & hospital, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India. 2Department of Biochemistry, Sree Balaji Medical College & hospital, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India. 3Department of Anatomy, Sree Balaji Medical college & Hospital, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India. 4Department of Mathematics, Anna University, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India. 5Department of Anatomy, Dr.ALMPGIBMS, University of Madras, Taramani, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India. 6Sri Ramachandra Medical College and Hospital, Chennai, Tamil Nadu. India. 7Sree Balaji Medical College & hospital, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India. Article History: Received 6 December 2013 Accepted 3 February 2014 Revised 19 January 2014 Available online 4 February 2014 Corresponding Author: K Prabhu, Department of Anatomy, Sree Balaji Medical college & Hospital, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India. Tel: +919841171185 Email: prb_anu@yahoo.co.in
Using BM25F and KLD for Pattern Retrieval

We describe in this paper our system for the Prior-art task of CLEF-IP 2010 (a task focused on the retrieval of relevant patents to a given one) and its results. We have developed a system where patents are indexed by ﬁelds in order to allow a selection of the most discriminative terms of each ﬁeld, applying Kullback-Leibler divergence as feature selection method, and using different boost factors for each ﬁeld applying BM25F as ranking function. Although CLEF-IP has been proposed in a multilingual scenario, we have approached it from a monolingual perspective. The results are on the average of last year’s re-sults, what encourages us to continue the development of this system by including some kind of multi-lingual processing.
VALIDATION : LESSONS LEARNT FROM A FEASIBILITY STUDY OF AN MHEALTH APPLICATION IN MALAWI , AFRICA

Measuring adherence to clinical guidelines using mobile health (mHealth) technologies when form field validation is enforced or turned on could potentially be viewed as skewing the dataset, leading to 100% adherence to the clinical rule base. In theory, healthcare providers should fully abide by clinical guidelines, whether in paper or digital format, to ensure that the patient receives appropriate care. However, what happens when mHealth form field validation is turned off? As part of a feasibility study in Malawi, Africa, we explored this phenomenon. Switching off validation on the mHealth artefact served its purpose within the context of a feasibility study where a parallel paper-based clinical assessment process remained in place. The design of this technical artefact with the turnkey validation feature afforded us the opportunity to turn validation on and off seamlessly. Ultimately, from an ethical, clinical and technical perspective the optimum approach is to ensure that form field validation is switched on. With form field validation on adherence to the clinical guidelines is enforced which minimises incomplete assessment and the potential for suboptimal clinical decisions that could adversely affect patient care.
Conductive polymers as a new type of thermoelectric material

Thermoelectric properties were investigated for the films of electrically conductive doped polyanilines. The thermoelectric performance, evaluated by thermoelectric figure-of-merit (ZT = T (S 2 σ) / κ), of various protonic acid-doped polyaniline bulk films was found to depend on the electrical conductivity a of the film. Thus, the higher the electrical conductivity, the higher the figure-of-merit is, because the thermal conductivity κ of polyaniline films does not depend on the electrical conductivity. Among the conductive bulk films of polyaniline, the highest figure-of-merit (ZT = 1 X 10 -4 ) was observed for (±)-10-camphorsulfonic acid (CSA)-doped polyaniline in an emeraldine form ( σ = 188 S cm -1 ) at room temperature. The multilayered film, composed of electrically insulating emeraldine base layers and electrically conducting CSA-doped emeraldine salt layers, exhibited 6 times higher ZT at 300 K than that of a bulk film of CAS-doped polyaniline, showing the highest ZT value of 1.1 X 10 -2 at 423 K. Stretching of the CAS-doped polyaniline film also increased the figure-of-merit of doped polyaniline films along the direction of the stretching.
Molecular neuro-oncology and development of targeted therapeutic strategies for brain tumors. Part 2: PI3K/Akt/PTEN, mTOR, SHH/PTCH and angiogenesis

Brain tumors are a diverse group of malignancies that remain refractory to conventional treatment approaches. Molecular neuro-oncology has now begun to clarify the transformed phenotype of brain tumors and identify oncogenic pathways that might be amenable to targeted therapy. Activity of the phosphoinositide 3´ kinase (PI3K)/Akt pathway is often upregulated in brain tumors due to excessive stimulation by growth factor receptors and Ras. Loss of function of the tumor suppressor gene PTEN also frequently contributes to upregulation of PI3K/Akt. Several compounds, such as wortmannin and LY-294002, can target PI3K and inhibit activity of this pathway. The mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) is an important regulator of cell growth and metabolism and is often upregulated by Akt. Clinical trials of CCI-779, an inhibitor of mTOR, are ongoing in recurrent malignant glioma patients. The sonic hedgehog/PTCH pathway is involved in the tumorigenesis of some familial and sporadic medulloblastomas. This pathway can be targeted by cyclopamine, which is under evaluation in preclinical studies. Angiogenesis is a critical process for development and progression of brain tumors. Targeted approaches to inhibit angiogenesis include monoclonal antibodies, receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitors, antisense oligonucleotides and gene therapy. Clinical trials are ongoing for numerous angiogenesis inhibitors, including thalidomide, CC-5103 and PTK 787/ZK 222584. Further development of targeted therapies and evaluation of these new agents in clinical trials will be needed to improve survival and quality of life of patients with brain tumors.
Will You Marry Me? A Perspective on the Gender Gap

This paper develops a general equilibrium model of the gender wage gap. The difference in earnings is a consequence of a demographic regularity--that men tend to marry younger women--which may limit women's labor mobility and, hence, their average earnings. However, couples are always free not to marry, and do so only if it is in each's self-interest. The intrafamily allocation of resources is determined via non-cooperative bargaining; this leads to interesting interactions between the game played by husband and wife on the one hand, and the competitive environment in which they are immersed on the other. The predictions resulting from this model's interplay between locational choice and family bargaining are consistent with the observation that the increasing stress put by women on their careers over the past 30 years has been contemporaneous with reductions in both marriage rates and the gender gap. The model provides insight into the consequences of this for the relative welfare of men and women, as well as exploring its wider economic implications.
Structure-Activity Relationship for Fe(III)-Salen-Like Complexes as Potent Anticancer Agents

Quantitative structure activity relationship (QSAR) for the anticancer activity of Fe(III)-salen and salen-like complexes was studied. The methods of density function theory (B3LYP/LANL2DZ) were used to optimize the structures. A pool of descriptors was calculated: 1497 theoretical descriptors and quantum-chemical parameters, shielding NMR, and electronic descriptors. The study of structure and activity relationship was performed with multiple linear regression (MLR) and artificial neural network (ANN). In nonlinear method, the adaptive neuro-fuzzy inference system (ANFIS) was applied in order to choose the most effective descriptors. The ANN-ANFIS model with high statistical significance (R 2 train = 0.99, RMSE = 0.138, and Q 2 LOO = 0.82) has better capability to predict the anticancer activity of the new compounds series of this family. Based on this study, anticancer activity of this compound is mainly dependent on the geometrical parameters, position, and the nature of the substituent of salen ligand.
Potassium Uptake Systems in Staphylococcus aureus: New Stories about Ancient Systems

ABSTRACT Staphylococcus aureus is a hardy organism that can survive high-salt conditions better than many other bacteria. This characteristic is thought to help S. aureus survive in the nares and on the skin of the human host and is used to selectively propagate and identify Staphylococcus species. However, the mechanism that allows S. aureus to tolerate such high-salt conditions is not well understood. A recent study in mBio by A. Price-Whelan et al. [mBio 4(4):e00407-13, 2013, doi:10.1128/mBio.00407-13] highlights the importance of potassium uptake in this process. This commentary provides a perspective of the study by Price-Whelan et al. as well as other recently reported work on potassium uptake and transport systems in S. aureus.
Analysis of various Biometric Techniques

Biometrics is automated methods for identifying a person or verifying the identity of a person based on a physiological or behavioral characteristic has the capability to reliably distinguish between an authorized person and an imposter. Since biometric characteristics are distinctive, can not be forgotten or lost, and the person to be authenticated needs to be physically present at the point of identification, biometrics is inherently more reliable and more capable than traditional knowledge-based and token-based techniques. Using biometrics for identifying human beings offers some unique advantages. Biometrics can be used to identify you as you. Biometrics holds the promise of fast, easy-to-use, accurate, reliable, and less expensive authentication for a variety of applications. This paper provides an overview of the different biometric technique with some advantages and disadvantages. Than we will try to find out which technique is more reliable and secure. Keywords— Biometric, False Reject Rate (FRR), False Acceptance Rate (FAR).
Thermal adaptation of decomposer communities in warming soils

Temperature regulates the rate of biogeochemical cycles. One way it does so is through control of microbial metabolism. Warming effects on metabolism change with time as physiology adjusts to the new temperature. I here propose that such thermal adaptation is observed in soil microbial respiration and growth, as the result of universal evolutionary trade-offs between the structure and function of both enzymes and membranes. I review the basis for these trade-offs and show that they, like substrate depletion, are plausible mechanisms explaining soil respiration responses to warming. I argue that controversies over whether soil microbes adapt to warming stem from disregarding the evolutionary physiology of cellular metabolism, and confusion arising from the term thermal acclimation to represent phenomena at the organism- and ecosystem-levels with different underlying mechanisms. Measurable physiological adjustments of the soil microbial biomass reflect shifts from colder- to warmer-adapted taxa. Hypothesized declines in the growth efficiency of soil microbial biomass under warming are controversial given limited data and a weak theoretical basis. I suggest that energy spilling (aka waste metabolism) is a more plausible mechanism for efficiency declines than the commonly invoked increase in maintenance-energy demands. Energy spilling has many fitness benefits for microbes and its response to climate warming is uncertain. Modeled responses of soil carbon to warming are sensitive to microbial growth efficiency, but declines in efficiency mitigate warming-induced carbon losses in microbial models and exacerbate them in conventional models. Both modeling structures assume that microbes regulate soil carbon turnover, highlighting the need for a third structure where microbes are not regulators. I conclude that microbial physiology must be considered if we are to have confidence in projected feedbacks between soil carbon stocks, atmospheric CO2, and climate change.