Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The Potential Advantages of Microstructure Modeling of Titanium to the Aerospace Industry

A multi‐organization team across the entire titanium aerospace supply chain has been established to develop and implement modeling tools for the reduction of manufacturing lead‐time and cost. This Air Force sponsored Metals Affordability Initiative (MAI) program is developing model tools capable of predicting the microstructure and mechanical properties of titanium alloys. The developed tools are intended to enable predicting the microstructure and texture evolution through wrought processing and heat treatment of ingot metallurgy titanium components, with a stronger emphasis on the latter stages of the processing. It will also take into account chemistry, including the composition of the individual phases during processing. Beta phase and primary alpha phase grain growth at temperature and during cooling along with morphological aspects will be taken into consideration.The success of this modeling effort could have a significant impact on the industry in terms of reducing cost and lead times of wrought p.
Metabolic control of type 1 diabetic patients followed at the University Children's Hospital in Berne: have we reached the goal?

QUESTION UNDER STUDY In type 1 diabetes (T1DM), a good metabolic control is important to reduce and/or postpone complications. Guidelines regarding how to achieve this goal are published by the American Diabetes Association (ADA) and the International Society of Paediatric and Adolescence Diabetes (ISPAD). The aims of this study were to determine the current level of metabolic control in T1DM patients on different treatment regimens, followed at the diabetes outpatient unit of the University Children's Hospital Bern, Switzerland, and to compare it with both the reported data from ten years ago (1998) and with the current guidelines of the ADA and ISPAD. METHODS This was an observational, cross-sectional study and involved assessment of HbA1c levels as a surrogate marker of the metabolic control in all patients seen during a regular four month interval at our outpatient clinic. RESULTS A total of 152 patients (88m, 64f) were recorded. 43.4% (n = 66) were conventionally treated (insulin: twice-daily, three-dose treatment), whereas 56.6% (n = 86) were on a multiple injection treatment (e.g. functional insulin treatment and/or insulin pump). Actual overall HbA1c values, expressed as medians (25th/75th centiles), were 7.6% (7.0/8.3) compared to 7.9% (7.3/8.6) in 1998 (p <0.01). In younger, prepubertal children the HbA1c value recorded was 7.4% (6.9/8.1), and 7.7% (7.2/8.5) in adolescents. Interestingly, no significant difference was observed between HbA1c levels of conventionally versus intensively treated patients. CONCLUSIONS With current treatment strategies, glycaemic control of T1DM children and adolescents improved significantly (p <0.01) between 1998 and 2008, although only a minority of the subjects reached the ISPAD goals.
/scratch as a cache: rethinking HPC center scratch storage

To sustain emerging data-intensive scientific applications, High Performance Computing (HPC) centers invest a notable fraction of their operating budget on a specialized fast storage system, scratch space, which is designed for storing the data of currently running and soon-to-run HPC jobs. Instead, it is often used as a standard file system, wherein users arbitrarily store their data, without any consideration to the center's overall performance. To remedy this, centers periodically scan the scratch in an attempt to purge transient and stale data.This practice of supporting a cache workload using a file system and disjoint tools for staging and purging results in suboptimal use of the scratch space. In this paper, we address the above issues by proposing a new perspective, where the HPC scratch space is treated as a cache, and data population, retention, and eviction tools are integrated with scratch management. In our approach, data is moved to the scratch space only when it is needed, and unneeded data is removed as soon as possible. We also design a new job-workflow-aware caching policy that leverages user-supplied hints for managing the cache. Our evaluation using three-year job logs from the Jaguar supercomputer, shows that compared to the widely-used purge approach, workflow-aware caching optimizes scratch utilization by reducing the average amount of data read by 9.3%, and by reducing job scheduling delays associated with data staging, on average, by 282.0%.
Increased Pulse Pressure in Patients with Arteriosclerosis Obliterans of the Lower Limbs

Brachlal blood pressure, ankle systolic pressure, calf blood flow before and after postoccluslve reactive hyperemla, and treadmill exercise results were determined In 16 patients with arteriosclerosis obliterans disease (AOD) of the lower limbs. These values were compared with values from 16 controls matched for age and sex. For the same mean arterial pressure In controls, pulse pressure was significantly higher and resting calf blood flow, slightly lower In patients with AOD. Resting calf blood flow was positively correlated with mean arterial pressure and pulse pressure In patients with AOD but not In controls. In AOD patients, reduced walking distance was strongly and positively correlated with “vascular bed reserve” expressed as the ratio between peak blood flow after postoccluslve reactive hyperemla and resting calf blood flow. Correlation studies Indicated that the higher the pulse pressure, the more reduced the walking distance and the more altered the vascular bed reserve. The study provided evidence that: 1) Increased pulse pressure, rather than Increased mean arterial pressure, Is a characteristic feature of patients with AOD, and 2) the pulsatile component of blood pressure, which reflects the alteration of the buffering function of large arteries, might Influence the reductions In walking distance and vascular bed reserve observed In patients with AOD.
Applying ultrasound beamformers to photoacoustic imaging

While single-element ultrasound (US) transducer-based photoacoustic (PA) systems have provided stunning images, they suffer from the problem of speed: they are limited in scan speed due to inevitable motion artifacts, and limited in imaging speed due to their inability to capture multiple depth images at once. Array transducers offer advantages in electronic scanning and the ability to form an image from few excitations. However, whereas a single element transducer can produce an Aline simply by taking the envelope of the received voltage traces, array transducers depend on beamforming to provide images. In commercial array US systems, the beamforming operation has traditionally been done in hardware, offering speed in exchange for flexibility. PA array systems would benefit from being able to take advantage of commercial US systems to avoid excessive hardware design, but the beamforming presents a challenge beyond that of laser synchronization and US output suppression. Many US array systems offer the ability to adjust the speed of sound (c) to compensate for differences in the mechanical properties of different materials. Typical US beamformers are based on a second-order approximation of delays that are used to refocus the incoming US data, so the optimal choice of c is scaled by √2 rather than two as one might at first surmise. Using this second order approximation along with some image rescaling, we show that US beamformers typical in commercial systems can be adapted for use in PA imaging by adjustment of c, and some image coordinate remapping.
The Dimensional Fact Model: A Conceptual Model for Data Warehouses

Data warehousing systems enable enterprise managers to acquire and integrate information from heterogeneous sources and to query very large databases efficiently. Building a data warehouse requires adopting design and implementation techniques completely different from those underlying operational information systems. Though most scientific literature on the design of data warehouses concerns their logical and physical models, an accurate conceptual design is the necessary foundations for building a DW which is well-documented and fully satisfies requirements. In this paper we formalize a graphical conceptual model for data warehouses, called Dimensional Fact model, and propose a semi-automated methodology to build it from the pre-existing (conceptual or logical) schemes describing the enterprise relational database. The representation of reality built using our conceptual model consists of a set of fact schemes whose basic elements are facts, measures, attributes, dimensions and hierarchies; other featur.
Supersymmetry Phenomenology With a Broad Brush

These lectures provide an introduction to supersymmetry phenomenology. They include an overview of the Minimal Supersymmetric Standard Model. The notion of soft breaking is explained, constraints on the standard soft breaking parameters are reviewed, and the standard ansatz of universal soft masses is discussed. The rest of the lectures are devoted to understanding supersymmetry breaking more microscopically. Models of dynamical supersymmetry breaking are reviewed, after which we turn to the question of the scale of supersymmetry breaking. Both intermediate and low scales and their phenomenology are considered. Finally, we consider applications to string theory. The emphasis, throughout, is on general issues rather then extensive detail, but it is hoped that the listeners/readers will be prepared after these lectures to delve into the details.
Low Back Stability: From Formal Description to Issues for Performance and Rehabilitation

McGILL, S.M. Low back stability: from formal description to issues for performance and rehabilitation. Exerc. Sport Sci. Rev. Vol. 29, No. 1, pp. 26–31, 2001. The concept of stability, together with notions of design and the application of stabilization exercise, is briefly synthesized. The objective is to challenge muscle systems to achieve sufficient functional stability but in a way that spares the spine of excessive exacerbating load.
Enhanced Hsp70 Expression Protects against Acute Lung Injury by Modulating Apoptotic Pathways

The Acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) is a highly lethal inflammatory lung disorder. Apoptosis plays a key role in its pathogenesis. We showed that an adenovirus expressing the 70 kDa heat shock protein Hsp70 (AdHSP) protected against sepsis-induced lung injury. In this study we tested the hypothesis that AdHSP attenuates apoptosis in sepsis-induced lung injury. Sepsis was induced in rats via cecal ligation and double puncture (2CLP). At the time of 2CLP PBS, AdHSP or AdGFP (an adenoviral vector expressing green fluorescent protein) were injected into the tracheas of septic rats. 48 hours later, lungs were isolated. One lung was fixed for TUNEL staining and immunohistochemistry. The other was homogenized to isolate cytosolic and nuclear protein. Immunoblotting, gel filtration and co-immunoprecipitation were performed in these extracts. In separate experiments MLE-12 cells were incubated with medium, AdHSP or AdGFP. Cells were stimulated with TNFα. Cytosolic and nuclear proteins were isolated. These were subjected to immunoblotting, co- immunoprecipitation and a caspase-3 activity assay. TUNEL assay demonstrated that AdHSP reduced alveolar cell apoptosis. This was confirmed by immunohistochemical detection of caspase 3 abundance. In lung isolated from septic animals, immunoblotting, co-immunoprecipitation and gel filtration studies revealed an increase in cytoplasmic complexes containing caspases 3, 8 and 9. AdHSP disrupted these complexes. We propose that Hsp70 impairs apoptotic cellular pathways via interactions with caspases. Disruption of large complexes resulted in stabilization of lower molecular weight complexes, thereby, reducing nuclear caspase-3. Prevention of apoptosis in lung injury may preserve alveolar cells and aid in recovery.
Ribosome Traffic on mRNAs Maps to Gene Ontology: Genome-wide Quantification of Translation Initiation Rates and Polysome Size Regulation

To understand the complex relationship governing transcript abundance and the level of the encoded protein, we integrate genome-wide experimental data of ribosomal density on mRNAs with a novel stochastic model describing ribosome traffic dynamics during translation elongation. This analysis reveals that codon arrangement, rather than simply codon bias, has a key role in determining translational efficiency. It also reveals that translation output is governed both by initiation efficiency and elongation dynamics. By integrating genome-wide experimental data sets with simulation of ribosome traffic on all Saccharomyces cerevisiae ORFs, mRNA-specific translation initiation rates are for the first time estimated across the entire transcriptome. Our analysis identifies different classes of mRNAs characterised by their initiation rates, their ribosome traffic dynamics, and by their response to ribosome availability. Strikingly, this classification based on translational dynamics maps onto key gene ontological classifications, revealing evolutionary optimisation of translation responses to be strongly influenced by gene function.
Robotic tools for deep water archaeology: Surveying an ancient shipwreck with an autonomous underwater vehicle

The goals of this article are twofold. First, we detail the operations and discuss the results of the 2005 Chios ancient shipwreck survey. This survey was conducted by an international team of engineers, archaeologists, and natural scientists off the Greek island of Chios in the northeastern Aegean Sea using an autonomous underwater vehicle (AUV) built specifically for high‐resolution site inspection and characterization. Second, using the survey operations as context, we identify the specific challenges of adapting AUV technology for deep water archaeology and describe how our team addressed these challenges during the Chios expedition. After identifying the state of the art in robotic tools for deep water archaeology, we discuss opportunities in which new developments and research (e.g., AUV platforms, underwater imaging, remote sensing, and navigation techniques) will improve the rapid assessment of deep water archaeological sites. It is our hope that by reporting on the Chios field expedition we can both describe the opportunities that AUVs bring to fine‐resolution seafloor site surveys and elucidate future opportunities for collaborations between roboticists and ocean scientists. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Survey of Research on Big Data Storage

With the development of cloud computing and mobile Internet, the issues related to big data have been concerned by both academe and industry. Based on the analysis of the existed work, the research progress of how to use distributed file system to meet the challenge in storing big data is expatiated, including four key techniques: storage of small files, load balancing, copy consistency, and de-duplication. We also indicate some key issues need to concern in the future work.
Tunnel Vision: Sharper Gradient of Spatial Attention in Autism

Enhanced perception of detail has long been regarded a hallmark of autism spectrum conditions (ASC), but its origins are unknown. Normal sensitivity on all fundamental perceptual measures—visual acuity, contrast discrimination, and flicker detection—is strongly established in the literature. If individuals with ASC do not have superior low-level vision, how is perception of detail enhanced? We argue that this apparent paradox can be resolved by considering visual attention, which is known to enhance basic visual sensitivity, resulting in greater acuity and lower contrast thresholds. Here, we demonstrate that the focus of attention and concomitant enhancement of perception are sharper in human individuals with ASC than in matched controls. Using a simple visual acuity task embedded in a standard cueing paradigm, we mapped the spatial and temporal gradients of attentional enhancement by varying the distance and onset time of visual targets relative to an exogenous cue, which obligatorily captures attention. Individuals with ASC demonstrated a greater fall-off in performance with distance from the cue than controls, indicating a sharper spatial gradient of attention. Further, this sharpness was highly correlated with the severity of autistic symptoms in ASC, as well as autistic traits across both ASC and control groups. These findings establish the presence of a form of “tunnel vision” in ASC, with far-reaching implications for our understanding of the social and neurobiological aspects of autism.
Effective map-matching on the most simplified road network

The effectiveness of map-matching algorithms highly depends on the accuracy and correctness of underlying road networks. In practice, the storage capacity of certain hardware, e.g. mobile devices and embedded systems, is sometimes insufficient to maintain a large digital map for map-matching. Unfortunately, most existing map-matching approaches consider little about this problem. They only apply to environments with information-rich maps, but turn out to be unacceptable for map-matching on simplified road networks. In this paper, we propose a novel map-matching algorithm called Passby to work on most simplified road networks. The storage size of a digital map in disk or memory can be greatly reduced after the simplification. Even under the most simplified situation, i.e., each road segment only consists of a couple of intersection points and omits any other information of it, the experimental results on real dataset show that our Passby algorithm significantly maintains high matching accuracy. Benefiting from the small size of map, simple index structure and heuristic foresight strategy, Passby improves matching accuracy as well as efficiency.
Spontaneous malignant transformation of human ovarian surface epithelial cells in vitro.

PURPOSE Epithelial ovarian cancer has no reliable marker for early detection and no known specific premalignant changes. Human ovarian surface epithelial (HOSE) cells expressing human papillomavirus type 16 (HPV-16) E6/E7 genes undergo crisis, and surviving cells exhibit an immortalized phenotype. Cells show an increasingly invasive phenotype on collagen rafts over time. To ascertain the nature of this aberrant growth, we characterized this spontaneous progression of HOSE cells from a benign to an invasive phenotype using histopathology, immunophenotyping, and tumorigenesis assays. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN At various passages, cells were monitored for growth on collagen, response to tumor necrosis factor alpha and daunorubicin, immunohistochemistry and Western blot analysis of E-cadherin and beta-catenin, growth in soft agar, and tumor formation in immunodeficient mice. RESULTS As passage number increased, cells became increasingly aggressive on collagen, with more pronounced focal stratification and invasion. Furthermore, late-passage cells were more resistant to the apoptotic effects of TNF-alpha and daunorubicin than earlier-passage cells. E-cadherin expression was limited to early-passage cells, whereas beta-catenin was expressed regardless of passage. Cells invading collagen formed colonies in soft agar at low efficiency but were not tumorigenic in immunodeficient mice. Some cultures recovered from colonies grew in soft agar at high efficiencies, and one was tumorigenic. CONCLUSIONS HOSE cells expressing E6/E7, over time, develop characteristics of malignant cells and produce tumors consistent with an ovarian surface epithelium lineage. Progression of HOSE cells from a benign to an invasive phenotype in vitro may provide a model to dissect the progression of ovarian cancer.
Laser-based sensing on roads

To improve safe driving and prevent traffic injuries caused by human factors such as speeding, fatigue and distraction, techniques to understand the surroundings of the vehicle are critical. The authors believe that being able to detect and track every stationary object and every moving object, to reason about the dynamic traffic scene, to detect and predict every critical situation, and to warn and assist drivers in advance, is essential to prevent these kinds of accidents. As an initial step towards understanding whole scenario around a vehicle, in this paper the authors have made an attempt to address the issues related to roadway environment monitoring by only utilizing laser measurement systems (LMS) as a perception sensor. Extensive experiments were carried out to analyze the robustness of the proposed methodologies in real campus and city environments. The results are appealing and robust to various traffic and road scenarios. (a) For the covering entry of this conference, please see ITRD abstract no. E212640.
Controversies Concerning the Role of Pendrin as an Apical Iodide Transporter in Thyroid Follicular Cells

Pendred syndrome is an autosomal recessive disorder defined by sensorineural deafness, goiter and a partial organification defect of iodide. It is caused by biallelic mutations in the multifunctional anion transporter pendrin/SLC26A4. In human thyroid tissue, pendrin is localized at the apical membrane of thyroid follicular cells. The clinical phenotype of patients with Pendred syndrome and the fact that pendrin can mediate iodide efflux in transfected cells suggest that this anion exchanger may be involved in mediating iodide efflux into the follicular lumen, a key step in thyroid hormone biosynthesis. This concept has, however, been questioned. This review discusses supporting evidence as well as arguments questioning a role of pendrin in mediating iodide efflux in thyrocytes.
Investigation of KLIM algorithm applied to face recognition

Face recognition often suffers from the small sample size problem. Regularization is one of the solutions to this problem. In this paper, we investigate the Kullback-Leibler information measure (KLIM) based regularization classifiers for face recognition. Two parameter estimation approaches including the cross-validation technique and model selection criterion are chosen to optimize the regularization parameter. In the experiments, the ORL face data is used to evaluate these algorithms. We compared the KLIM algorithms with quadratic discriminant analysis, linear discriminant analysis, regularized discriminant analysis, and leave-one-out covariance matrix estimate. Considering both time cost and classification rate, KLIM classifiers exceed the others and obtain stable results.
Rapid Determination of Swelling Pressure of Clay Minerals

The present study deals with development of a rapid and easy way to apply methodology that can be employed to determine the swelling pressure of clay minerals, and hence, expansive soils. Conventional oedometer tests were performed to determine the swelling characteristics of montmorillonite and bentonite clay minerals corresponding to various molding water contents, maintaining the same dry density. With the help of a dew point potentiameter, which can be used for measuring very high suction (≅90 MPa), the suction of these minerals was measured. The results obtained were used to correlate suction with the swelling pressure and the correlation was validated using data reported in the literature. The study demonstrates the usefulness of the methodology for quickly determining the swelling pressure of various clay minerals and soils.
New results on shortest paths in three dimensions

We revisit the problem of computing shortest obstacle-avoiding paths among obstacles in three dimensions. We prove new hardness results, showing, e.g., that computing Euclidean shortest paths among sets of "stacked" axis-aligned rectangles is NP-complete, and that computing L1-shortest paths among disjoint balls is NP-complete. On the positive side, we present an efficient algorithm for computing an L1-shortest path between two given points that lies on or above a given polyhedral terrain. We also give polynomial-time algorithms for some versions of stacked polygonal obstacles that are "terrain-like" and analyze the complexity of shortest path maps in the presence of parallel halfplane "walls.