Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Mutation studies with human fibroblasts.

My attitude toward studying mutation in human fibroblasts at this time is related to that expressed by Dylan Thomas in a note to his "Collected Poems" (1): "I read somewhere of a shepherd who, when asked why he made, from within fairy rings, ritual observances to the moon to protect his flocks, replied: 'I'd be a damn fool if I didn't! ' These poems, with all their crudities, doubts, and confusions, are written for the love of man and in praise of God, and I'd be a damn fool if they weren't. " The experimental study of mutation in diploid human cells is in its infancy and is still prey to crudities, doubts and confusion in comparison to some submammalian mutation detection systems that are technically neat and genetically characterized. It is generally assumed that, ultimately, we will want to use human cells for mutagenesis detection, but that this will not be possible for some time to come because of their technical limitations. I will submit two propositions for your consideration: (1) technical limitations in using diploid human cells are far from decisive and several opportunities for detailed mutation studies are now available; (2) presented with opportunities for making these studies, "I'd be a damn fool if I didn't! " My plan in this presentation is to summarize with little documentation some ongoing studies of hereditary variation in cultured human fibroblasts. Many of the details are available in papers that are published (2, 3) or submitted for publication (4). I
Generating and Selecting Fuzzy Control Rules Using Evolution Strategies and Genetic Algorithms

The aim of this paper is to present a process for designing Fuzzy Logic Controllers by learning from examples. The inductive scheme consists of three components: an evolutionary fuzzy rule generation process composed of an iterative method for generating fuzzy rules together with an Evolution Strategy for locally adjusting them; and two Genetic Algoritm-based processes for removing the redundant rules and tuning the fuzzy control rules respectively.
Architecture and Implementation of the Reliable Router 1

The Reliable Router (RR) is a network switching element targeted to two-dimensional mesh interconnection network topologies. It is designed to run at 100 MHz and reach a useful link bandwidth of 3.2 Gbit/sec. The Reliable Router uses adaptive routing coupled with link-level retransmission and a unique-token protocol to increase both performance and reliability. The RR can handle a single node or link failure anywhere in the network without interruption of service. Other unique features include a queueless low-latency plesiochronous channel interface and simultaneous bidirectional signalling.
Lipid-based systems as a promising approach for enhancing the bioavailability of poorly water-soluble drugs

Abstract Low oral bioavailability as a consequence of low water solubility of drugs is a growing challenge to the development of new pharmaceutical products. One of the most popular approaches of oral bioavailability and solubility enhancement is the utilization of lipid-based drug delivery systems. Their use in product development is growing due to the versatility of pharmaceutical lipid excipients and drug formulations, and their compatibility with liquid, semi-solid, and solid dosage forms. Lipid formulations, such as self-emulsifying (SEDDS), self-microemulsifying SMEDDS) and self- -nanoemulsifying drug delivery systems (SNEDDS) were explored in many studies as an efficient approach for improving the bioavailability and dissolution rate of poorly water-soluble drugs. One of the greatest advantages of incorporating poorly soluble drugs into such formulations is their spontaneous emulsification and formation of an emulsion, microemulsion or nanoemulsion in aqueous media. This review article focuses on the following topics. First, it presents a classification overview of lipid-based drug delivery systems and mechanisms involved in improving the solubility and bioavailability of poorly water-soluble drugs. Second, the article reviews components of lipid-based drug delivery systems for oral use with their characteristics. Third, it brings a detailed description of SEDDS, SMEDDS and SNEDDS, which are very often misused in literature, with special emphasis on the comparison between microemulsions and nanoemulsions.
LST8 negatively regulates amino acid biosynthesis as a component of the TOR pathway

LST8, a Saccharomyces cerevisiae gene encoding a 34-kD WD-repeat protein, was identified by mutations that caused defects in sorting Gap1p to the plasma membrane. Here, we report that the Gap1p sorting defect in the lst8-1 mutant results from derepression of Rtg1/3p activity and the subsequent accumulation of high levels of intracellular amino acids, which signal Gap1p sorting to the vacuole. To identify the essential function of Lst8p, we isolated lst8 mutants that are temperature-sensitive for growth. These mutants show hypersensitivity to rapamycin and derepressed Gln3p activity like cells with compromised TOR pathway activity. Like tor2 mutants, lst8 mutants also have cell wall integrity defects. Confirming a role for Lst8p in the TOR pathway, we find that Lst8p associates with both Tor1p and Tor2p and is a peripheral membrane protein that localizes to endosomal or Golgi membranes and cofractionates with Tor1p. Further, we show that a sublethal concentration of rapamycin mimics the Gap1p sorting defect of an lst8 mutant. Finally, the different effects of lst8 alleles on the activation of either the Rtg1/3p or Gln3p transcription factors reveal that these two pathways constitute distinct, genetically separable outputs of the Tor–Lst8 regulatory complex.
Heat‐Shock Protein 90 (Hsp90) as Anticancer Target for Drug Discovery: An Ample Computational Perspective

There are over 100 different types of cancer, and each is classified based on the type of cell that is initially affected. If left untreated, cancer can result in serious health problems and eventually death. Recently, the paradigm of cancer chemotherapy has evolved to use a combination approach, which involves the use of multiple drugs each of which targets an individual protein. Inhibition of heat‐shock protein 90 (Hsp90) is one of the novel key cancer targets. Because of its ability to target several signaling pathways, Hsp90 inhibition emerged as a useful strategy to treat a wide variety of cancers. Molecular modeling approaches and methodologies have become ‘close counterparts’ to experiments in drug design and discovery workflows. A wide range of molecular modeling approaches have been developed, each of which has different objectives and outcomes. In this review, we provide an up‐to‐date systematic overview on the different computational models implemented toward the design of Hsp90 inhibitors as anticancer agents. Although this is the main emphasis of this review, different topics such as background and current statistics of cancer, different anticancer targets including Hsp90, and the structure and function of Hsp90 from an experimental perspective, for example, X‐ray and NMR, are also addressed in this report. To the best of our knowledge, this review is the first account, which comprehensively outlines various molecular modeling efforts directed toward identification of anticancer drugs targeting Hsp90. We believe that the information, methods, and perspectives highlighted in this report would assist researchers in the discovery of potential anticancer agents.
Immunohistochemical expression of smads 1–6 in the 15‐day gestation mouse embryo: signaling by BMPs and TGF‐βs †

The eight mammalian Smad proteins mediate cellular signaling from members of the transforming growth factor‐β (TGF‐β), bone morphogenetic protein (BMP), and activin families. Smads 1, 5, and 8 transmit signals from BMPs, while Smads 2 and 3 transmit signals from TGF‐βs and activin. Smad 4 is a common mediator of both pathways, while Smads 6 and 7 inhibit signaling. Signal transduction involves translocation of Smad complexes to the nucleus and subsequent gene activation. Little is known about the expression of endogenous Smad proteins during development. We identified commercially available Smad antibodies that specifically recognize a unique Smad protein and are suitable for immunohistochemistry. Here we compare the localization of Smads 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, and 6 in tissues of the 15‐day gestation mouse embryo. Immunoreactive Smad proteins are seen in many tissues with differences in the localization being dependent upon the cell type. All tissues express Smad 4 and at least one each of the BMP‐specific and TGF‐β‐specific Smads, while expression of Smad 6 is more restricted. Differences are observed in the nuclear versus cytoplasmic localization among the Smads in different cell types or tissues, suggesting selective activation of Smads during this stage of development. © 2001 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Microwave multichip module tridimensional assembly technology based on LTCC

With the evolution of microwave substrate, microwave multichip modules are developing towards multilayer. Combined with SMT, high-precision chip assembly, circuit connection, anti-influence partition soldering, module integration technology and so on, those multilayer products constructed by utilizing LTCC technology are attractive candidates to satisfy the demand for telecommunication systems with miniaturized size, intergrated structure and light weight.
An Automatic Cache Generator Based on Content-Addressable Memory

The paper presents a cache generator using content-addressable memory (CAM) array for fast tag comparison and low power consideration. The generator produces a hard IP for storage arrays and a soft IP for controller. The hard IP is composed of CAM array and SRAM array, both automatically generated using the developed CAM generator and SRAM generator. The soft IP is mainly the cache controller with parameterized modules to meet the user's specification on different cache architectures (direct-map, set-associative) and write policies (write-through, write-back), write-miss options (write-allocate, no-write-allocate). The cache generator also produces all the necessary models and files required in the standard cell-based design flow for co-simulation with other ASIC designs
Chinese college students’ gender self-esteem and trans prejudice

ABSTRACT Most studies of trans prejudice, or prejudice against transgender people, have been conducted in Western countries. The current study explored trans prejudice in a sample of 124 heterosexual college students from the People's Republic of China. We also examined the relationship between gender self-esteem—the importance of gender to one's self-identity—and trans prejudice. Results indicated that men reported more trans prejudice than women. Both women and men reported more violence toward, teasing of, and discomfort with trans women compared with trans men. Gender self-esteem was not a significant predictor of trans prejudice for men or women. These results suggest that some of the predictors of trans prejudice in Chinese people may be similar to predictors found in Western samples. However, differences may be due to cultural factors such as membership in a collectivistic versus an individualistic society.
Keystroke dynamics with low constraints SVM based passphrase enrollment

Keystroke dynamics biometric systems have been studied for more than twenty years. They are very well perceived by users, they may be one of the cheapest biometric system (as no specific material is required) even if they are not commonly spread and used [1]. We propose in this paper a new method based on SVM learning satisfying operational conditions (no more than 5 captures for the enrollment step). In the proposed method, users are authenticated thanks to keystroke dynamics of a passphrase (that can be chosen by the system administrator). We use the GREYC keystroke benchmark that is composed of a large number of users (100) for validation purposes. We tested the proposed method face to four other methods from the state of the art. Experimental results show that the proposed method outperforms them in an operational context.
HADI: Mining Radii of Large Graphs

Given large, multimillion-node graphs (e.g., Facebook, Web-crawls, etc.), how do they evolve over time? How are they connected? What are the central nodes and the outliers? In this article we define the Radius plot of a graph and show how it can answer these questions. However, computing the Radius plot is prohibitively expensive for graphs reaching the planetary scale. There are two major contributions in this article: (a) We propose HADI (HAdoop DIameter and radii estimator), a carefully designed and fine-tuned algorithm to compute the radii and the diameter of massive graphs, that runs on the top of the Hadoop/MapReduce system, with excellent scale-up on the number of available machines (b) We run HADI on several real world datasets including YahooWeb (6B edges, 1/8 of a Terabyte), one of the largest public graphs ever analyzed. Thanks to HADI, we report fascinating patterns on large networks, like the surprisingly small effective diameter, the multimodal/bimodal shape of the Radius plot, and its palindrome motion over time.
Energy Balance and Emissions Associated with Biochar Sequestration and Pyrolysis Bioenergy Production

The implications for greenhouse gas emissions of optimizing a slow pyrolysis-based bioenergy system for biochar and energy production rather than solely for energy production were assessed. Scenarios for feedstock production were examined using a life-cycle approach. We considered both purpose grown bioenergy crops (BEC) and the use of crop wastes (CW) as feedstocks. The BEC scenarios involved a change from growing winter wheat to purpose grown miscanthus, switchgrass, and corn as bioenergy crops. The CW scenarios consider both corn stover and winter wheat straw as feedstocks. Our findings show that the avoided emissions are between 2 and 5 times greater when biochar is applied to agricultural land (2–19 Mg CO2 ha-1 y-1) than used solely for fossil energy offsets. 41–64% of these emission reductions are related to the retention of C in biochar, the rest to offsetting fossil fuel use for energy, fertilizer savings, and avoided soil emissions other than CO2. Despite a reduction in energy output of approximately 30% where the slow pyrolysis technology is optimized to produce biochar for land application, the energy produced per unit energy input at 2–7 MJ/MJ is greater than that of comparable technologies such as ethanol from corn. The C emissions per MWh of electricity production range from 91–360 kg CO2 MWh-1, before accounting for C offset due to the use of biochar are considerably below the lifecycle emissions associated with fossil fuel use for electricity generation (600–900 kg CO2 MWh-1). Low-temperature slow pyrolysis offers an energetically efficient strategy for bioenergy production, and the land application of biochar reduces greenhouse emissions to a greater extent than when the biochar is used to offset fossil fuel emissions.
High-concentration ethylene-vinyl alcohol copolymer and endovascular treatment of experimental aneurysms: feasibility of embolization without protection devices at the neck.

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Coiling of intracranial aneurysms is both safe and effective but may be followed by recurrences. The purpose of this study was to assess the feasibility of endovascular treatment of aneurysms with high-concentration ethylene-vinyl alcohol copolymer (HCEVOH), without the use of protection devices at the neck. METHODS Wide-necked bifurcation aneurysms with a high propensity for recurrences were constructed in 22 dogs. HCEVOH embolization was performed with a dedicated high-pressure microcatheter in 12 animals. Angiographic results at 3 and 12 weeks and pathologic results at 12 weeks were compared with those of a separate group of 10 animals treated with platinum coils. We used a qualitative scoring system to grade angiographic results, neointima formation, and recanalization at the neck. RESULTS Intraaneurysmal HCEVOH injections could be performed without carotid emboli and without a protection device in 11 of 12 animals. Fragments detached upon traction of the microcatheters at the end of the procedure on two occasions. Immediate and late angiographic results were not significantly different between the two groups (P =.807), with a tendency for angiographic recurrences at 3 months (angiographic scores were significantly worse in both groups at 12 weeks as compared with T0 [P <.02]). A complete occlusion, including the neck, even at the cost of protrusion of material at the level of the branches, is necessary to decrease risks of recurrences. Neointima formation at the surface of the embolic agent was complete at the neck of aneurysms treated with HCEVOH. The neointimal score was significantly improved with HCEVOH as compared with coil embolization (P =.03). CONCLUSION HCEVOH embolization of aneurysms without neck protection is feasible. It does not, however, eliminate recurrences in an experimental wide-necked aneurysm model.
Minimally supervised techniques for bilingual lexicon extraction

Normally, word translations are extracted from non-parallel, bilingual corpora, and initial bilingual lexicon, i.e., a list of known translations, is typically used to aid the learning process. This thesis highlights the study of a series of novel techniques that utilized scarce resources. To make the study even more challenging, only minimal use of resources was allowed and important major linguistic tools were not employed. Thus, this study introduces some novel techniques for learning a translation lexicon based on a minimally-supervised, context-based approach. The performance of each technique was measured by comparing the extracted lexicon to a reference lexicon based on the F1 score, which is a weighted average of the precision and the recall. The scores may range from 0 (worst) to 100% (best). Analysis performed on the proposed techniques showed that these techniques had recorded promising F1 scores, ranging from 57.1% to 80.9%, which indicate moderate and best performances. Overall, the �findings of this study further reinforce the use of techniques in exploiting words from small corpora, suggesting that words that are contextually-relevant and occurring in a similar domain are potentially useful. This thesis also presents a technique to deploy extra (i.e., additional) data, which are harvested from the web, and a novel method for measuring similarity of features between two words of different languages without involving the use of initial bilingual lexicon.
Ranking-based readability assessment for early primary children’s literature

Determining the reading level of children's literature is an important task for providing educators and parents with an appropriate reading trajectory through a curriculum. Automating this process has been a challenge addressed before in the computational linguistics literature, with most studies attempting to predict the particular grade level of a text. However, guided reading levels developed by educators operate at a more fine-grained level, with multiple levels corresponding to each grade. We find that ranking performs much better than classification at the fine-grained leveling task, and that features derived from the visual layout of a book are just as predictive as standard text features of level; including both sets of features, we find that we can predict the reading level up to 83% of the time on a small corpus of children's books.
User interfaces for interactive control of physics-based 3D characters

We present two user interfaces for the interactive control of dynamically-simulated characters. The first interface uses an 'action palette' and targets sports prototyping applications. When used online, the user selects from a palette of actions (e.g., stand, pike, extend) during an ongoing simulation. Actions are defined in terms of a set of target joint angles for PD controllers or as feedback-based balance controllers. When used offline, the timing of the key motion events can be adjusted manually or optimized automatically to produce desired outcomes. We demonstrate the action palette interface with simulations of platform diving, freestyle aerial ski jumps, and half-pipe snowboarding. The second interface explores the feasibility of using a game-pad to control a 13-link rigid body simulation of snowboarding for game applications. Unlike traditional video game play, the stunts accessible through our interface need not be preconceived by the game author and can emerge as the product of the physics, the terrain, and the player skill. We describe the control mapping and provide a mechanism to simplify balance control. We demonstrate the system using numerous snowboarding stunts.
Spatial and Spectral Methods for Irregular Sampling in Computer Graphics

Most general rasterization algorithms in computer graphics are based on point sampling of the image to be rendered. One peculiarity of computer graphics is that irregular sampling patterns are widely used, mainly to prevent moiré artifacts in rendered images. The best irregular sampling patterns have a blue noise characteristic in the spectral domain: such patterns attain a particularly good tradeoff between moiré prevention and noise-free rendition of low image frequencies. Despite considerable research on blue noise sampling over the last 30 years, several important questions have not been answered completely so far: What is the most desirable irregular sampling pattern? To what extent can such a sampling pattern be realized in practice? What geometric properties of a sampling pattern are especially desirable? Some progress towards answering these questions has been made during the last few years. This thesis continues this line of research and presents new experimental and theoretical results on irregular sampling patterns. Our focus is on the interaction between geometric and spectral properties of sampling patterns and their impact on the sampling process. The main contributions of this thesis fall broadly into three different areas. First, we extend previous results on the spectral analysis of irregular sampling to explain in more detail how the shape of the power spectrum of a sampling pattern affects the visual appearance of aliasing. We then study the limiting case of Poisson disk sampling, which is the prevalent form of irregular sampling used in computer graphics, and demonstrate that it leads to sampling patterns with certain undesirable properties. Finally, we study the mathematical relationship between spatial statistics and spectral measures to make two important contributions to the theory of blue noise sampling. First, we study two realizability conditions, which explain how spatial and spectral characteristics of a point set constrain each other. And second, we show how to derive efficient irregular sampling patterns directly from a specification of their desired spectral properties.