Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Relative effects of procedural and distributive justice on employee attitudes.

This study investigated the relative influence of two aspects of fairness, procedural and distributive justice, on two employee attitudes: organizational commitment and satisfaction with pay. Hierarchical regression analysis of data from 36 employees from one organization indicated that the variance in organizational commitment was uniquely associated with procedural factors, whereas the variance in satisfaction with pay was uniquely associated with distributive factors. Thibaut and Walker's (1975) pioneering studies of procedural justice examined the alternative dispute-resolution models used most frequently in legal settings. A number of their investigations concerned the objective functioning of these competing models of the legal process; that is, an examination of how actual decisions varied as a result of using different procedures. At the same time, they also noted the importance of other considerations. However, this kind of information about what actually happens can provide, in our opinion, only a partial basis for selecting a dispute-resolution model to serve a particular purpose. It is also necessary to know how each of the possible procedural choices is perceived and evaluated by persons subject to the process and by other persons who may at some future time have their rights decided in a similar setting. This subjective measure is crucial because one of the major aims of the legal process is to resolve conflicts in such a way as to bind up the social fabric and encourage the continuation of productive exchange between individuals. (p. 67) This passage emphasizes that favorable subjective evaluations of dispute-resolution methods - perceptions of procedural fairness are central to the operation of the legal system. l.ndeed, such evaluations areessential to theallegiance, commitment, and loyalty of citizens necessary for a society grounded in law. Continued support for the legal system hinges on the perceived fairness of the Procedures used to make judgments. The present study addresses an analogous situation in business organizations. Many decisions in such organizations (e.g., promotions, raises) involve judging people, a process typicaliy called Performance appraisai. We are interested in the perceived procedural justice of performance appraisals. We suggest that these Perceptions have a strong impact on the level of commitment
Models and architectures for motor control: Simple or complex?

For the purpose of motor coordination, the nervous system faces a complex control problem, involving redundant degrees of freedom, nonlinear dynamics of limbs and actuators, noise, and perturbations. Models and architectures have been proposed to describe motor coordination in terms of computational processes, and identify possible simplifying strategies that would alleviate the workload of the nervous system. Here, we review several strategies ranging from biomechanical to function levels. We conclude that none of the proposed strategies actually tackle the overall problem of motor coordination. Then we present a principled approach that provides an overarching account to motor control.
Changes in adhesion efficiency and vimentin distribution of fibroblasts from familial Alzheimer's disease patients

Cultured fibroblasts from familial Alzheimer's disease patients were characterized. Familial Alzheimer fibroblasts showed the same appearance by phase microscopy and the and the same growth rate with the control fibroblasts cultured from the age‐matched healthy control subjects. Fibroblasts cultured from familial Alzheimer's disease patients showed decreased efficiency in adhesion to substrata in limited periods. While 80% of the control fibroblasts finished adhesion within 30 minutes incubation, only 30% of Alzheimer fibroblasts completed adhesion within the same period. When fibroblasts from familial Alzheimer's disease were kept under serum‐free media more than ten days, they showed a unique aberration of vimentin fiber distribution, while other cytoskeletal fibers were remained intact. It is indicated that fibroblasts cultured from patients with familial Alzheimer's disease can be used to study pathological processes which affect the cytoskeletal organization in the fibroblasts as well as in the cells of the central nervous system.
Issues in Automated Visual Surveillance

The usefulness of networks of surveillance cameras is primarily lim- ited by the demand placed on human supervisors to monitor many real time video feeds simultaneously. The goal of automated visual surveillance is to reduce the burden on operators by including software in a surveillance system that can anal- yse video content automatically. This paper reviews progress in the field and con- siders some of the major remaining problems in automated video surveillance.
Expression of the Catalytic Subunit of Human DNA Polymerase δ in Mammalian Cells Using a Vaccinia Virus Vector System (*)

The catalytic polypeptide of human DNA polymerase δ was overexpressed in BSC-40 cells (African green monkey kidney cell line) using the vaccinia virus/pTM1 system. The recombinant human DNA polymerase δ was purified to homogeneity in two steps using an immunoaffinity column and a single-stranded DNA-cellulose column. Levels of expression were about 1% of soluble cytosolic protein. The recombinant catalytic subunit was fully active and exhibited enzymatic properties similar to that of the native two-subunit enzyme including the possession of an associated 3′ to 5′ exonuclease activity. Recombinant pol δ was stimulated by proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA); however, the degree of stimulation was lower than that of the native human enzyme. Analysis of a double mutant of the catalytic subunit, H142R/F144S, showed that it had a greatly reduced sensitivity to PCNA, suggesting that the PCNA binding site of pol δ may be located in this region of the N terminus.
Dispersion diagrams of waveguides involving indefinite media

The basic properties of electromagnetic waveguides involving indefinite media are analyzed. A detailed study about the modes propagating in several types of waveguides, filled with indefinite media, is presented. We investigate the conditions under which modes are guided by planar and rectangular cross section waveguides. Several uncommon properties, such as the coexistence of forward and backward modes and contra-directional coupling, are demonstrated.
Cognitive impairment and survival in very elderly people

Editor—Gussekloo et al hypothesised that mild cognitive impairment as determined by the Dutch version of the mini-mental state examination discriminates subjects with a higher risk of mortality.1 We have concerns about the validity of using the mini-mental state examination as an adequate test of cognitive function. We have doubts about the reproducibility of test scores if the test is administered by different physicians. In clinical practice the mini-mental state examination is well recognised as being a useful guide rather than an absolute measure of cognitive function; it is a subjective test with variable results. In particular, we think that defining the scores for mild cognitive impairment and normal cognitive function so close together, at 24-27 and 28-30 respectively, is a potential source of bias. A subject could fall into either category, depending on several variables affecting alertness, such as time of day, timing of drug treatment, stress, and discomfort. The authors conclude that this test “seems to be useful as a screening instrument for mild cognitive impairment, and its scores may act as an important predictor of survival in very elderly people. ”1 Although this conclusion may be valid, we question the usefulness of such a prognostic indicator in clinical practice.
Effect of hydroxyapatite nanoparticles on the ultrastructure and function of hepatocellular carcinoma cells in vitro

The interaction of Bel-7402 hepatocellular carcinoma cells (HCC) as a single cell suspension with hydroxyapatite (HAP) nanoparticles was investigated. It was observed by an inverted microscope that the cells were still homogeneously distributed in the culture medium after 24 h. A TEM analysis showed that the HAP nanoparticles attached to the Bel-7402 cells were finally swallowed by the cells after 4 h, and induced ultrastructural changes of the cells after 4 days. A MTT assay and cell count test for the HAP nanoparticles of various concentrations from 0.14 to 0.56 mmol L−1 showed that the HAP nanoparticles at a concentration of 0.56 mmol L−1 induced the strongest effect on the inhibition of Bel-7402 cell proliferation and induced a dramatic decline in cell numbers. Proliferation of Bel-7402 was inhibited by more than 70%, compared to the control. A cell cycle analysis revealed that HAP can arrest Bel-7402 cells at the G1 phase with increasing effect over time. These findings demonstrated that HAP can enter into HCC very easily, change their ultrastructure, and evidently suppress their proliferation.
Expression Patterns of VEGF and Flk-1 in Human Endometrium during the Menstrual Cycle

Background The VEGF is essential in the process of tissue remodeling and angiogenesis. Limited data is available on the expression and regulation of VEGF and its receptors in the human endometrium. The aim of this study was evaluation of expression patterns of VEGF and Flk-1 in human endometrium during the menstrual cycle. Methods Sixty paraffin-embedded blocks of endometrial tissues from the patients with normal menstrual cycles were obtained. Tissue samples were assembled into tissue microarray slides and classified by histological dating into five phases: the proliferative (n = 14), peri-ovulatory (n = 9), early-secretory (n = 12), mid-secretory (n = 11) and late-secretory (n = 14) phases. Immunohistochemical staining was performed using VEGF or Flk-1 monoclonal antibodies. The intensity of immunostaining was evaluated by the semi-quantitative scoring method (HSCORE). Kruskal-Wallis one-way analysis of variance and Scheff's post-hoc test were used for statistical analysis. A p-value of <0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results VEGF and Flk-1 were expressed in the three components of the endometrium at various phases of the menstrual cycle. In the stroma, the expression of VEGF varied among the phases (p < 0.05). The expression of Flk-1 in the luminal and glandular epithelium revealed stronger intensity of immunostaining as compared with the stroma at the different phases (p < 0.05). The level of Flk-1 expression also showed significant differences among the phases in the glandular epithelium with greatest expression at late-secretory phase (p < 0.05). Conclusion Temporal and spatial distribution of VEGF and Flk-1 expression in the three components of human endometrium during menstrual cycle suggests the functional role of angiogenesis in the remodeling process of endometrial tissue.
Differences in the stress levels between Kuwaiti fathers and mothers of children with specific learning disabilities

DISSERTATION: Differences in Stress Levels between Kuwaiti Fathers and Mothers of Children with Specific Learning Disabilities STUDENT: Saad S. Alazemi DEGREE: Doctorate of Education in Special Education COLLEGE: Teachers College DATE: June, 2010 PAGES: 137 Research literature indicates that parents of children with disabilities have different effects from and perceptions of their children‘s disabilities. Evidence also suggests that mothers and fathers experience different effects from their child‘s disabilities. The purpose of this study was to examine differences in stress levels between Kuwaiti fathers and mothers about their children with specific learning disabilities (SLD). The research utilized a descriptive survey design that employed a mixed methodology of both quantitative and qualitative research approaches. A sample size of 182 parents comprised of 91 fathers and 91 mothers participated in the study. Descriptive statistics were used to describe the demographic characteristics of the participants and their children with SLD. Descriptive statistics were also used to demonstrate participants‘ responses toward the open-ended questions that were included in the qualitative section, while the t-test and repeated-measured MANOVA were used to examine the differences in stress levels between the Kuwaiti parents in the quantitative section.
Inverse correlation processing by neurons with active dendrites.

In many neuron types, the dendrites contain a significant density of sodium channels and are capable of generating action potentials, but the significance and role of dendritic sodium spikes are unclear. Here, we use simplified computational models to investigate the functional effect of dendritic spikes. We found that one of the main features of neurons equipped with excitable dendrites is that the firing rate of the neuron measured at soma decreases with increasing input correlations, which is an inverse relation compared to passive dendrite and single-compartment models. We first show that in biophysical models the collision and annihilation of dendritic spikes causes an inverse dependence of firing rate on correlations. We then explore this in more detail using excitable dendrites modeled with integrate-and-fire type mechanisms. Finally, we show that the inverse correlation dependence can also be found in very simple models, where the dendrite is modeled as a discrete-state cellular automaton. We conclude that the cancellation of dendritic spikes is a generic mechanism that allows neurons to process correlations inversely compared to single-compartment models. This qualitative effect due to the presence of dendrites should have strong consequences at the network level, where networks of neurons
Simulations and experiments on eddy current in Nd-Fe-B magnet

Eddy current loss in Nd-Fe-B sintered magnets was investigated from experimental and simulated aspects. Eddy current loss was estimated from the temperature rise rate of a thermally insulated magnet when an ac field is applied to the solenoid coil. Eddy current simulation is done by the integral element method (IEM) and finite element method (FEM). Both simulation results are compared and the accuracy of simulation is verified. IEM is mainly used for loss analysis. Both simulation results also agree well with the experimental ones. In order to reduce the eddy current loss, the effect of dividing a magnet into several segments was revealed. In an actual motor, the ac magnetic field contains higher harmonic elements. So, in order to consider higher harmonics effect on eddy current loss in Nd-Fe-B magnet in an eddy current problem, a simple addition of individual harmonic and mixing wave is investigated and compared.
Anti-inflammatory and antiarthritic activity of UNIM-301 (a polyherbal unani formulation) in Wistar rats

Background: UNIM-301 is a polyherbal formulation used in the Unani system of medicine for the treatment of joint pain and rheumatoid arthritis (RA). Objective: The objective was to evaluate the anti-inflammatory and antiarthritic activity of UNIM-301 in carrageenan-induced paw edema and complete Freund′s Adjuvant (CFA) induced arthritis. Materials and Methods: The anti-inflammatory and antiarthritic activity of UNIM-301 was evaluated using carrageenan-induced paw edema and CFA induced animal arthritis models, respectively, in doses of 250, 500, and 1000 mg/kg body weight. Anti-inflammatory activity of UNIM-301 was evaluated using carrageenan-induced paw edema model using a digital plethysmometer. Anti-arthritic activity was evaluated using CFA induced arthritis, and joint sizes were measured at regular intervals using a micrometer screw gauge. Serum was collected and subjected to estimation of pro-inflammatory cytokine. Indomethacin 3 mg/kg body weight) was used as a standard drug in both the models. The acute and chronic toxicity study was carried out to evaluate the safety of the test drug. Results: UNIM-301 treatment produced a dose-dependent reduction in paw edema and paw thickness in carrageenan-induced paw edema and CFA-induced arthritis, respectively, as compared to control. UNIM 301 also reduced the expression of pro-inflammatory mediator in a dose-dependent manner as compared to control. Conclusion: The result of the present study suggests that anti-inflammatory and anti-arthritic activity of UNIM-301, which might be accredited to inhibitory activity on pro-inflammatory cytokines to its various individual constituents.
Durational cues and pitch cues in Japanese mora

The goal of this paper is to examine the functions of durational cues and pitch cues in Japanese long vowels and their role in the organization of prosody. There are two dimensions in the prosodic organization of speech. One is the quantitative or temporal organization, and the other is the qualitative organization, which involves the accentuation/stress system of the language. The categories of quantitative dimension of prosody at the prosodic-word level used to classify languages are morasyllable-, and stress-/foottimed. Isochronous distribution of these units in a language has been challenged for several decades; however, the temporal dimension of speech prosody can be measured in phonetic terms as duration. The categories of qualitative dimension of prosody at the prosodic-word level used to classify languages are pitchaccent, tone, and stress. They are captured as the movement of pitch, or the movement of fundamental frequency (F0) in phonetics. Temporal and accentual dimensions of prosody are bound together in a complex way; however, they can be analyzed as two distinct phonetic properties: duration and F0. In order to fully understand the prosodic organization of a language, we must investigate how these two phonetic signals interact with each other in natural speech. Two production experiments were conducted. One involved both duration and pitch. The other involved only duration. The results from these production experiments show that these two phonetic signals influence each other when native speakers of the Tokyo dialect of Japanese produce phonologically long vowels.
The Multiple Personalities of the Regulatory Subunit of Protein Kinase CK2: CK2 Dependent and CK2 Independent Roles Reveal a Secret Identity for CK2β

Protein kinase CK2 (formerly casein kinase II), an enzyme that participates in a wide variety of cellular processes, has traditionally been classified as a stable tetrameric complex consisting of two catalytic CK2α or CK2α' subunits and two regulatory CK2β subunits. While consideration of CK2 as a tetrameric complex remains relevant, significant evidence has emerged to challenge the view that its individual subunits exist exclusively within these complexes. This review will summarize biochemical and genetic evidence indicating that the regulatory CK2β subunit exists and performs functions independently of CK2 tetramers. For example, unbalanced expression of catalytic and regulatory CK2 subunits has been observed in a variety of tissues and tumors. Furthermore, localization studies including live cell imaging have demonstrated that while the catalytic and regulatory subunits of CK2 exhibit extensive co-localization, independent mobility of the individual CK2 subunits can also be observed within cells. Identification of proteins that interact with CK2β in the absence of catalytic CK2 subunits reinforces the notion that CK2β has functions distinct from CK2 and begins to offer insights into these CK2-independent functions. In this respect, the discovery that CK2β can interact with and modulate the activity of a number of other serine/threonine protein kinases including A-Raf, c-Mos and Chk1 is particularly striking. This review will discuss the interactions between CK2β and these protein kinases with special emphasis on the properties of CK2β that mediate these interactions and on the implications of these interactions in yielding new prospects for elucidation of the cellular functions of CK2β.
New tools in pulmonary rehabilitation

In patients with more severe chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), the benefits of rehabilitation might not be clear and, therefore, new treatment options have been developed to increase the benefits of rehabilitation. This review provides an overview of new approaches being developed as an addition to exercise training. In turn, the benefits of adding ventilatory support, oxygen, anabolics or neuromuscular stimulation to a rehabilitation programme will be discussed. While positive benefits for a number of these approaches have been found, many questions remain unsolved. Therefore, at present, we cannot recommend these new tools as part of the routine management of patients with COPD who start a rehabilitation programme.
Condensin phosphorylated by the Aurora-B-like kinase Ark1 is continuously required until telophase in a mode distinct from Top2

Condensin is a conserved protein complex that functions in chromosome condensation and segregation. It has not been previously unequivocally determined whether condensin is required throughout mitosis. Here, we examined whether Schizosaccharomyces pombe condensin continuously acts on chromosomes during mitosis and compared its role with that of DNA topoisomerase II (Top2). Using double mutants containing a temperature-sensitive allele of the condensin SMC2 subunit cut14 (cut14-208) or of top2, together with the cold-sensitive nda3-KM311 mutation (in β-tubulin), temperature-shift experiments were performed. These experiments allowed inactivation of condensin or Top2 at various stages throughout mitosis, even after late anaphase. The results established that mitotic chromosomes require condensin and Top2 throughout mitosis, even in telophase. We then showed that the Cnd2 subunit of condensin (also known as Barren) is the target subunit of Aurora-B-like kinase Ark1 and that Ark1-mediated phosphorylation of Cnd2 occurred throughout mitosis. The phosphorylation sites in Cnd2 were determined by mass spectrometry, and alanine and glutamate residue replacement mutant constructs for these sites were constructed. Alanine substitution mutants of Cnd2, which mimic the unphosphorylated protein, exhibited broad mitotic defects, including at telophase, and overexpression of these constructs caused a severe dominant-negative effect. By contrast, glutamate substitution mutants, which mimic the phosphorylated protein, alleviated the segregation defect in Ark1-inhibited cells. In telophase, the condensin subunits in cut14-208 mutant accumulated in lumps that contained telomeric DNA and proteins that failed to segregate. Condensin might thus serve to keep the segregated chromosomes apart during telophase.
The Lexicocalorimeter: Gauging public health through caloric input and output on social media

We propose and develop a Lexicocalorimeter: an online, interactive instrument for measuring the “caloric content” of social media and other large-scale texts. We do so by constructing extensive yet improvable tables of food and activity related phrases, and respectively assigning them with sourced estimates of caloric intake and expenditure. We show that for Twitter, our naive measures of “caloric input”, “caloric output”, and the ratio of these measures are all strong correlates with health and well-being measures for the contiguous United States. Our caloric balance measure in many cases outperforms both its constituent quantities; is tunable to specific health and well-being measures such as diabetes rates; has the capability of providing a real-time signal reflecting a population’s health; and has the potential to be used alongside traditional survey data in the development of public policy and collective self-awareness. Because our Lexicocalorimeter is a linear superposition of principled phrase scores, we also show we can move beyond correlations to explore what people talk about in collective detail, and assist in the understanding and explanation of how population-scale conditions vary, a capacity unavailable to black-box type methods.