Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Recovering planar motion from homographies obtained using a 2.5-point solver for a polynomial system

We present a minimal solver for a special kind of homography arising in applications with planar camera motion (e.g. mobile robotics applications). Since the camera motion we consider only has five degrees of freedom, an explicit parametrisation allows us to reduce the required number of point correspondences to 2.5. Using fewer point correspondences is beneficial when used together with RANSAC, but more importantly, the proposed special solver ensures that the estimated homography is of the correct type (in contrast to the DLT, which estimates a general homography). Our method works by enforcing eleven independent polynomial constraints on the elements of this kind of homography matrix, through the framework of the action matrix method for solving polynomial equations. Some analytical investigation using symbolic software has been conducted in order to understand the properties of the polynomial system, and these results have been used to help guide our design of the solver. Additionally, we provide a direct method to recover the sought motion parameters from the homography matrix. We demonstrate that it is possible to recover both the homography and its generating parameters efficiently and accurately.
Signaling Asset Price Bubbles with Time-Series Methods

This paper provides an early warning indicator for bubbles in financial markets. The indicator is based on traditional unit root tests, more precisely on the augmented Dickey-Fuller test and may be used in a repeated manner with rolling samples. The performance of the indicator is tested extensively via Monte Carlo simulations and comparisons of the results with the most powerful standard (stability) tests. The new indicator seems to be more robust and to have more power than the standard tests. In empirical application to US stock market data for 1871–2010, the new indicator signals most of the consensus bubbles and gives warning signals well ahead of the crash, in most cases as early as 12 months ahead. The indicator also signals most of the 'negative bubbles' before their turning points.
VOC emissions, evolutions and contributions to SOA formation at a receptor site in eastern China

Abstract. Volatile organic compounds (VOCs) were measured by two online instruments (GC-FID/MS and PTR-MS) at a receptor site on Changdao Island (37.99° N, 120.70° E) in eastern China. Reaction with OH radical dominated chemical losses of most VOC species during the Changdao campaign. A photochemical-age-based parameterization method is used to calculate VOC emission ratios and to quantify the evolution of ambient VOCs. The calculated emission ratios of most hydrocarbons agree well with those obtained from emission inventory data, but determined emission ratios of oxygenated VOCs (OVOCs) are significantly higher than those from emission inventory data. The photochemical-age-based parameterization method is also used to investigate primary emissions and secondary formation of organic aerosol. The primary emission ratio of organic aerosol (OA) to CO is determined to be 14.9 μg m−3 ppm−1, and secondary organic aeorosols (SOA) are produced at an enhancement ratio of 18.8 μg m−3 ppm−1 to CO after 50 h of photochemical processing in the atmosphere. SOA formation is significantly higher than the level determined from VOC oxidation under both high-NOx (2.0 μg m−3 ppm−1 CO) and low-NOx conditions (6.5 μg m−3 ppm−1 CO). Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and higher alkanes (> C10) account for as high as 17.4% of SOA formation, which suggests semi-volatile organic compounds (SVOCs) may be a large contributor to SOA formation during the Changdao campaign. The SOA formation potential of primary VOC emissions determined from field campaigns in Beijing and Pearl River Delta (PRD) is lower than the measured SOA levels reported in the two regions, indicating SOA formation is also beyond explainable by VOC oxidation in the two city clusters.
A mathematical model of differential frost heave

The O’Neill-Miller model of frost heave, which takes account of a partially frozen fringe between the frozen and unfrozen soil, is used to study the mechanism of differential frost heave, which is a possible cause of earth hummocks and stone circles. In order to facilitate this study, the model must firstly be generalised to three dimensions, which requires a modification, due to Gilpin, of Miller’s concept of regelation; secondly, four key simplifications, variously introduced in previous work by Holden, Fowler and Krantz, must be made to render the computation of the model tractable. With these simplifications, and with the assumption that frozen soil deforms viscously, the model can be reduced to a coupled set of partial differential equations for the frozen soil temperature and velocity. A quasi-stationary stability analysis of the uniform heaving state is conducted on a simplified version of this reduced model to examine whether spatial instabilities can occur in physically realistic conditions. I give an explicit parametric criterion for the occurrence of differential frost heave.
Performance Improvements in Heterogeneous Wireless Networks for First Responders

Efficient communications are crucial for disaster response and recovery. However, most current public safety land mobile radio (LMR) networks only provide narrowband voice service with limited support of low-speed data services. In this paper, we study to enhance the interoperability of LMR with commercial wireless cellular networks, by which a wide variety of benefits can be offered to disaster responders, including new multimedia services, increased data rates and low cost devices. Our approach is based on Session Initial Protocol (SIP) and a joint radio resource management framework. In addition, an optimal radio resource management scheme is proposed to maximize the overall radio resource utilization and at the same time guarantee service availability and continuity quality of service (QoS) for disaster responders. The effectiveness of the proposed approach is illustrated by numerical examples.
Prognostics Implementation Methods for Electronics

Prognostics is a method that enables monitoring the state of reliability of a product in real time, and therefore can be used to provide advance warning of a failure, to minimize unscheduled maintenance, to provide condition-based maintenance, and to help in product design and development. This paper identifies six levels of prognostics implementation for electronics, from on-chip packaging to complete systems of systems. An approach is then presented for selecting the implementation levels to cost-effectively optimize coverage. The process of selecting the prognostic approach and its implementation at various levels in electronics is enabled using failure modes, mechanisms, and effects analysis
Safety and Immunogenicity of DNA Vaccines Encoding Ebolavirus and Marburgvirus Wild-Type Glycoproteins in a Phase I Clinical Trial

Background Ebolavirus and Marburgvirus cause severe hemorrhagic fever with high mortality and are potential bioterrorism agents. There are no available vaccines or therapeutic agents. Previous clinical trials evaluated transmembrane-deleted and point-mutation Ebolavirus glycoproteins (GPs) in candidate vaccines. Constructs evaluated in this trial encode wild-type (WT) GP from Ebolavirus Zaire and Sudan species and the Marburgvirus Angola strain expressed in a DNA vaccine. Methods The VRC 206 study evaluated the safety and immunogenicity of these DNA vaccines (4 mg administered intramuscularly by Biojector) at weeks 0, 4, and 8, with a homologous boost at or after week 32. Safety evaluations included solicited reactogenicity and coagulation parameters. Primary immune assessment was done by means of GP-specific enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Results The vaccines were well tolerated, with no serious adverse events; 80% of subjects had positive enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay results (≥30) at week 12. The fourth DNA vaccination boosted the immune responses. Conclusions The investigational Ebolavirus and Marburgvirus WT GP DNA vaccines were safe, well tolerated, and immunogenic in this phase I study. These results will further inform filovirus vaccine research toward a goal of inducing protective immunity by using WT GP antigens in candidate vaccine regimens. Clinical Trials Registration NCT00605514.
Internet Traffic Privacy Enhancement with Masking: Optimization and Tradeoffs

An increasing number of recent experimental works have demonstrated that the supposedly secure channels in the Internet are prone to privacy breaking under many respects, due to packet traffic features leaking information on the user activity and traffic content. We aim at understanding if and how complex it is to obfuscate the information leaked by packet traffic features, namely packet lengths, directions, and times: we call this technique traffic masking. We define a security model that points out what the ideal target of masking is, and then define the optimized traffic masking algorithm that removes any leaking (full masking). Further, we investigate the tradeoff between traffic privacy protection and masking cost, namely required amount of overhead and realization complexity/feasibility. Numerical results are based on measured Internet traffic traces. Major findings are that: 1) optimized full masking achieves similar overhead values with padding only and in case fragmentation is allowed, and 2) if practical realizability is accounted for, optimized statistical masking attains only moderately better overhead than simple fixed pattern masking does, while still leaking correlation information that can be exploited by the adversary.
Fine-grained behavioral classification in the core: the issue of flow sampling

This work studies the impact of flow sampling on the accuracy of behavioral traffic classification. More precisely, we consider the case where the traffic classification engine is located at different vantage points of the network. Usually, behavioral classification is performed close to the user access network - where all the traffic exchanged by an endpoint can be observed. In this work instead we take into account the case of a classifier placed deeper in the aggregation network - where, due to load balancing or routing issues, only part of the traffic is generally observed.
An Efficient Color Transfer Method for Fusion of Multiband Nightvision Images

We present a color transfer method, which is designed to give fused multiband nighttime imagery a natural daytime color appearance in a simple and efficient way. Instead of using traditional nonlinear l�. �� space, the proposed method transfers the color distribution of the target image (daylight color image) to the source image (fused multiband nighttime imagery) in a linear color space named ICBCR. The ICBCR transformation is simpler than the l�. �� conversion, moreover, the ICBCR space is easily extended to image fusion. Our experiments on infrared and visual images show that the ICBCR based color transfer method works surprisingly well for transferring natural color characteristics of daylight color images to false color fused nighttime imagery.
On the two-user MISO interference channel with single user decoding and partial CSIT

This paper studies the Rayleigh fading two-user multiple-input single-output interference channel with single user decoding and limited channel state information (CSI) feedback. Two contributions are presented. First, the achievable rate-region with partial CSI at the transmitters due to channel quantization errors is analyzed. We derive an analytically tractable inner bound on that region, which provides insights into the problem. It is shown that, similarly to the case of perfect transmitter CSI, beamforming is optimal for achieving every boundary point of the inner bound. The second contribution is a novel CSI feedback scheme that reduces the cross-link CSI feedback overhead, and enhances throughput for any rate-limited feedback scheme. Such feedback reduction is crucial when control channels for sharing information between transmitters and unintended receivers are rate limited. The proposed scheme takes feedback into account already at the channel estimation stage. While maintaining a high array gain in the direct channel towards the intended user, the scheme induces an effective low-dimensional cross-link channel, which can be quantized more accurately than the full-dimensional channel, leading to enhanced performance.
RSnap: Recursive Writable Snapshots for Logical Volumes

Volume Snapshots provide instantaneous checkpoints of a complete filesystem. Whereas previous work on developing snapshot utilities has focused on satiating the need for online backups, modern trends encourage their deployment in expedited clone construction scenarios. Unlike their read-only counterparts, these clones are expected to be mutable and to some extent independent of their base images. We present RSnap, a volume manager that allows users to create mutable recursive snapshots of logical volumes. Storage is allocated to these snapshots in a Dedicate-on-Write fashion. Since unrestrained clone creation can quickly obscure sharing relationships between a set of volumes, RSnap includes an automatic garbage collector that can identify and reclaim unreferenced blocks. RSnap uses the radix tree data structure to implement recursive snapshots. We capitalize on kernel infrastructure to overcome some of the performance and consistency problems in using the radix tree. Our evaluations show that an in kernel radix tree implementation gives satisfactory performance and scales with the number of snapshots.
URL-Enhanced Adaptive Page-Refresh Models

We study the refresh model required to keep an up to date copy of a web page. This has applications for more efficient and frequent crawling, in the case of search engines, and for higher hit rates for proxy servers with pre-fetching. Two main models have been proposed namely the uniform refresh model (Cho and Garcia-Molina, 2000) and the adaptive page refresh model (Edwards et al., 2001), with some debate as to the relative value of each model. In this work we show that adaptive page refresh models can be further improved by careful selection of initial page-refresh rates of newly added links as indicated by our page evolution studies showing that page-change rates (and consequently page-refresh rates) are dependent on top-level domain, category and page depth.
Some Users Pack a Wallop: Measuring the Impact of Core Users on the Participation of Others in Online Social Systems

This study investigates how heavily active contributors affect recruitment and retention in online social systems. We find that core enthusiasts are more successful recruiters, their recruits are more likely to become enthusiasts, and interacting with enthusiasts makes users less likely to exit the system. We also find evidence that strong dyadic ties between non-enthusiasts help extend active careers in online social systems. Implications include considerations for community growth and retention based on the influence of these core users.
PALSAR SAR Interferometry for co-seismic deformation monitoring of Wenchuan Earthquake

Satellite differential interferometric synthetic aperture radar (DInSAR) has already demonstrated its potential to map co-, postand inter-seismic deformation since its successful application to the 1992 Landers Earthquake. The Ms 8.0 Wenchuan Earthquake, which occurred on 12 May 2008, was the strongest earthquake to strike China since the 1976 Tangshan earthquake. The devastation of the quake was so widely spread that the PALSAR coverage appeared to be limited and six or more tracks with five or even more frames each before and after the quake are needed in order to map the co-seismic deformation. In this study, six interferograms were generated from ALOS PALSAR Path 471 to 476. The SRTM DEMs with a resolution of three arc seconds were used to remove the topographic phase from the interferograms. The ALOS PALSAR DInSAR results were compared to the ENVISAT ASAR ScanSAR result. It is observed that the ScanSAR DInSAR result was strongly affected by the decorrelation, whereas the PALSAR DInSAR result remained reasonably good due to its longer signal wavelength.
From Democracy to Nazism. A Regional Case Study on Political Parties in Germany.

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Obtaining 3-D shape from Silhouette Informations Interpolated by Photometric Stereo

The idea of photometric stereo is to serially vary the direction of incident illumination on the state of the holded view point, but it can locally reconstruct only the front surface to a view point. However the silhouette informations obtained by plural viewing directions provide the entire 3D structure of an object surface, but the 3D information of the region whose edge is unexposed to the viewing direction cannot be obtained. Therefore the two methods make up the demerits each other. In this paper, the possibility of complete three dimensional shape reconstruction was investigated using photometric stereo and silhouette informations. For the entire 3D reconstruction, a chicken bone is used as an experimental object and the reconstructed result is presented and discussed. the other hand, the stereo pair matching by two camera is not a completed method because its running cost and the unstable matching algorithm. The photometric stereo method [6][7][8] can offer the continuous depth informations of surface as pixel unit, so that it can level up the precision locally in accordance with the magnification of lenz of CCD camera, and needs the simple equipments comparing other methods. But its demerit is that it has the possibility to get a twisted result due to specular reflection and the cumulation process for depth conversion. Otherwise the silhouette information can offer a stable and precise result only to the edges exposed to viewer 191. It means that the twisted result obtained by the photometric stereo can be corrected by the silhouette informations. It is the reason we use the photometric stereo and silhouette information.
HAT-P-5b: A Jupiter-like Hot Jupiter Transiting a Bright Star

We report the discovery of a planet transiting a moderately bright (V = 12.00) G star, with an orbital period of 2.788491 ± 0.000025 days. From the transit light curve we determine that the radius of the planet is Rp = 1.257 ± 0.053 RJ. HAT-P-5b has a mass of Mp = 1.06 ± 0.11 MJ, similar to the average mass of previously known transiting exoplanets, and a density of ρp = 0.66 ± 0.11 g cm −3. We find that the center of transit is Tc = 2,454,241.77663 ± 0.00022 days (HJD), and the total transit duration is 0.1217 ± 0.0012 days.
YaeJ is a novel ribosome-associated protein in Escherichia coli that can hydrolyze peptidyl–tRNA on stalled ribosomes

In bacteria, ribosomes often become stalled and are released by a trans-translation process mediated by transfer-messenger RNA (tmRNA). In the absence of tmRNA, however, there is evidence that stalled ribosomes are released from non-stop mRNAs. Here, we show a novel ribosome rescue system mediated by a small basic protein, YaeJ, from Escherichia coli, which is similar in sequence and structure to the catalytic domain 3 of polypeptide chain release factor (RF). In vitro translation experiments using the E. coli-based reconstituted cell-free protein synthesis system revealed that YaeJ can hydrolyze peptidyl–tRNA on ribosomes stalled by both non-stop mRNAs and mRNAs containing rare codon clusters that extend downstream from the P-site and prevent Ala-tmRNA•SmpB from entering the empty A-site. In addition, YaeJ had no effect on translation of a normal mRNA with a stop codon. These results suggested a novel tmRNA-independent rescue system for stalled ribosomes in E. coli. YaeJ was almost exclusively found in the 70S ribosome and polysome fractions after sucrose density gradient sedimentation, but was virtually undetectable in soluble fractions. The C-terminal basic residue-rich extension was also found to be required for ribosome binding. These findings suggest that YaeJ functions as a ribosome-attached rescue device for stalled ribosomes.
Explicit descent for Jacobians of cyclic coevers of the projective line.

We develop a general method for bounding Mordell-Weil ranks of Jacobians of arbitrary curves of the form y p = f(x). As an example, we compute the Mordell-Weil ranks over Q and Q( p 3) for a non-hyperelliptic curve of genus 8.
Leading Edge Review Chromatin Modifications and Their Function

The surface of nucleosomes is studded with a multiplicity of modifications. At least eight different classes have been characterized to date and many different sites have been identified for each class. Operationally, modifications function either by disrupting chromatin contacts or by affecting the recruitment of nonhistone proteins to chromatin. Their presence on histones can dictate the higher-order chromatin structure in which DNA is packaged and can orchestrate the ordered recruitment of enzyme complexes to manipulate DNA. In this way, histone modifications have the potential to influence many fundamental biological processes, some of which may be epigenetically inherited.
Power control in reactive routing protocol for Mobile Ad Hoc Network

The aim of this work is to change the routing strategy of AODV protocol (Ad hoc On Demand Vector) in order to improve the energy consumption in mobile ad hoc networks (MANET). The purpose is to minimize the regular period of HELLO messages generated by the AODV protocol used for the research, development and maintenance of routes. This information is useful to have an idea about battery power levels of different network hosts. After storing this information, the node elect the shortest path following the classical model used this information to elect safest path (make a compromise) in terms of energy. Transmitter node does not select another node as its battery will be exhausted soon. Any node of the network can have the same information's about the neighborhoods as well as other information about the energy level of the different terminal to avoid routing using a link that will be lost due to an exhausted battery of a node in this link. Analytical study and simulations by Jist/SWANS have been conducted to note that no divergence relatively to the classical AODV, a node can have this type of information that improves the energy efficiency in ad hoc networks.