Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
TYRANNOSAUR CANNIBALISM: A CASE OF A TOOTH-TRACED TYRANNOSAURID BONE IN THE LANCE FORMATION (MAASTRICHTIAN), WYOMING

ABSTRACT A recently discovered tyrannosaurid metatarsal IV (SWAU HRS13997) from the uppermost Cretaceous (Maastrichtian) Lance Formation is heavily marked with several long grooves on its cortical surface, concentrated on the bone's distal end. At least 10 separate grooves of varying width are present, which we interpret to be scores made by theropod teeth. In addition, the tooth ichnospecies Knethichnus parallelum is present at the end of the distal-most groove. Knethichnus parallelum is caused by denticles of a serrated tooth dragging along the surface of the bone. Through comparing the groove widths in the Knethichnus parallelum to denticle widths on Lance Formation theropod teeth, we conclude that the bite was from a Tyrannosaurus rex. The shape, location, and orientation of the scores suggest that they are feeding traces. The osteohistology of SWAU HRS13997 suggests that it came from a young animal, based on evidence that it was still rapidly growing at time of death. The tooth traces on SWAU HRS13997 are strong evidence for tyrannosaurid cannibalism—a large Tyrannosaurus feeding on a young Tyrannosaurus.
Semantic Role Labelling of Prepositional Phrases

We propose a method for labelling prepositional phrases according to two different semantic role classifications, as contained in the Penn treebank and the CoNLL 2004 Semantic Role Labeling data set. Our results illustrate the difficulties in determining preposition semantics, but also demonstrate the potential for PP semantic role labelling to improve the performance of a holistic semantic role labelling system.
There back again in Coachella Valley: A multimedia presentation on historical sites in the Coachella Valley

^ This project was designed to enhance the delivery of the thinking curriculum recommended in It^s Elementary! by the California Department of Education to students. Third grade Social Science-History thinking curriculum was adapted for the Coachella Valley area by Desert Sands Unified School District personnel in accordance with state frameworks. The curriculum includes lesson plans that are well-written and provide students with reading materials in English or Spanish. However, students who are not linguistic learners, who are Limited English proficient, or who are low readers are not supported within the current materials available for third grade students. With budget cuts, the school district can no longer afford the fees or buses necessary to take children to view a variety of historical locations. Their needs prompted the creation of this project. In order to enhance third grade students' understanding and build upon knowledge they have of their locality, this project was written both in English and Spanish. It covers five historical sites of interest in the Coachella Valley area. It uses digital imaging and audio in addition to written text for the purpose of enhancing student learning
Algorithm 166: MonteCarlo

integer procedure combination (m, n) ; value n; integer m, n; eommeut calculates the number of combinations of m things taken n at a tinm. If n is less than half of m, then the program calculates the combinations of m things taken m-n at a time which is the exact equivalent of m things taken n at a time; fort := 2step 1 untilp do r := (r X (n+i))/i; comment calculates all combinations of m things taken from 1 to n at a time. The result is a vector, v, within which the first element is the combination of m things taken 1 at a time, the second element is the combinations of m things taken 2 at a time, the third element taken 3 at a time, . , and the nth element taken n at a time.
A Free, Open-Source Virtual Reality Platform for the Rehabilitation of Cognitive and Psychological Disorders

The adoption of Virtual Reality in rehabilitation of cognitive and psychological disorders is limited by high costs of software development, lack of technical expertise among end-users, and the difficulty of adapting the contents of the virtual environments (VEs). In this paper, we describe NeuroVR, (http://www.neurovr.org), a cost-free virtual reality platform based on open-source software components that allows non-expert users to easily customize a VE by using a set of pre-designed virtual scenes, and to run them in an immersive or non-immersive modality. In this paper, we provide a description of the key functional features of the platform.
Personal exposures to respirable particulates and implications for air pollution epidemiology.

Measurements of personal exposures to respirable particles (RSP) were obtained from nonsmoking adults living in two rural Tennessee communities. Personal exposure measurements were compared to simultaneously collected indoor (home) and outdoor concentrations. Personal exposures were higher than, had a greater variance than, and were uncorrelated with outdoor concentrations. Household smoking was found to be a substantial contributor to personal RSP exposure. Regressions of indoor concentrations on paired personal exposures explained 11-87% of the variance in exposure depending on employment subgroup and household smoking. A deterministic, predictive model based on the time spent in four microenvironments and measured concentrations explained 64% of the variance in personal exposure. Ambient concentrations provide poor prediction of personal exposure to undifferentiated respirable size particles. Air pollution epidemiological investigations must consider the importance of indoor environments in estimating subject exposures. Further, the chemical/elemental compositions of indoor concentrations and personal exposures are likely to be different from ambient concentrations. This study indicates the potential for misclassification and misassociation of exposures that are likely to result in relying upon ambient, community-based particle measurements.
High-power photonic transmitter-mixers with integrated Wilkinson power combiner for wireless communication with high data rate (15 Gbps) at W-band

We demonstrate photonic transmitters-mixers integrated with Wilkinson power-combiners. Compared with single-ended operation, double-ended operation exhibits 5.5-dB higher output power over wide frequencies (65-100 GHz). 15 Gbps error-free wireless transmission with 6.6 dBm output at 93 GHz is achieved.
A typology for campus-based alcohol prevention: moving toward environmental management strategies.

OBJECTIVE This article outlines a typology of programs and policies for preventing and treating campus-based alcohol-related problems, reviews recent case studies showing the promise of campus-based environmental management strategies and reports findings from a national survey of U.S. colleges and universities about available resources for pursuing environmentally focused prevention. METHOD The typology is grounded in a social ecological framework, which recognizes that health-related behaviors are affected through multiple levels of influence: intrapersonal (individual) factors, interpersonal (group) processes, institutional factors, community factors and public policy. The survey on prevention resources and activities was mailed to senior administrators responsible for their school's institutional response to substance use problems. The study sample was an equal probability sample of 365 2- and 4-year U.S. campuses. The response rate was 76.9%. RESULTS Recent case studies suggest the value of environmentally focused alcohol prevention approaches on campus, but more rigorous research is needed to establish their effectiveness. The administrators' survey showed that most U.S. colleges have not yet installed the basic infrastructure required for developing, implementing and evaluating environmental management strategies. CONCLUSIONS The typology of campus-based prevention options can be used to categorize current efforts and to inform strategic planning of multilevel interventions. Additional colleges and universities should establish a permanent campus task force that reports directly to the president, participate actively in a campus-community coalition that seeks to change the availability of alcohol in the local community and join a state-level association that speaks out on state and federal policy issues.
State-Space Dynamic Neural Network Technique for High-Speed IC Buffer Modeling

Artificial neural networks (ANN) have been recently recognized as useful tools for RF/microwave modeling and design. In this paper, a recent state-space dynamic neural network (SSDNN) approach for transient behavior modeling of high-speed nonlinear circuit is summarized. This technique extends the existing dynamic neural network (DNN) approach into a more generalized and robust state-space formulation. A training algorithm exploiting the adjoint sensitivity computation is utilized to enable SSDNN to efficiently learn from the transient input and output waveform data without relying on the circuit internal details. Through an exact circuit representation, the trained SSDNN model can be conveniently implemented and used in SPICE-like circuit simulators. We also review a set of stability criteria for checking local and global stabilities of the SSDNN model. An example of SSDNN modeling of physics-based high-speed driver circuit is presented. It's demonstrated that the SSDNN model can offer fast and accurate transient responses for high-speed interconnect design.
Pathophysiology and Clinical Assessment of Parkinsonian Symptoms and Signs

In his 1817 ‘‘An Essay on the Shaking Palsy,’’ James Parkinson recordedmany features of the condition that now bears his name (1). Parkinsonemphasized the tremor at rest, ﬂexed posture, festinating gait (Fig. 1),dysarthria, dysphagia, and constipation. Charcot and others later pointedout that the term paralysis agitans used by Parkinson was inappropriate,because in Parkinson’s disease (PD) the strength was usually well preservedand many patients with Parkinson’s disease did not shake.Although traditionally regarded as a motor system disorder, PD isnow considered to be a much more complex syndrome involving the motoras well as the nonmotor systems. For example, oily skin, seborrhea, pedaledema, fatigability, and weight loss are recognized as nonspeciﬁc butnevertheless typical parkinsonian features. The autonomic involvement isresponsible for orthostatic hypotension, paroxysmal ﬂushing, diaphoresis,problems with thermal regulation, constipation, and bladder, sphincter, andsexual disturbances. The involvement of the thalamus and the spinal
Games on Social Networks: On a Problem Posed by Goyal

Within the context of games on networks S. Goyal (Goya (2007), pg. 39) posed the following problem. Under any arbitrary but fixed topology, does there exist at least one pure Nash equilibrium that exhibits a positive relation between the cardinality of a player's set of neighbors and its utility payoff? In this paper we present a class of topologies/games in which pure Nash equilibria with the above property do not exist.
Improper Gaussian signaling in full-duplex relay channels with residual self-interference

We study the potential employment of improper Gaussian signaling (IGS) in full-duplex cooperative settings with residual self-interference (RSI). IGS is recently shown to outperform traditional proper Gaussian signaling (PGS) in several interference-limited channel settings. In this work, IGS is employed in an attempt to alleviate the RSI adverse effect in full-duplex relaying (FDR). To this end, we derive a tight upper bound expression for the end-to-end outage probability in terms of the relay signal parameters represented in its power and circularity coefficient. We further show that the derived upper bound is either monotonic or unimodal in the relay's circularity coefficient. This result allows for easily locating the global optimal point using known numerical methods. Based on the analysis, IGS allows FDR systems to operate even with high RSI. It is shown that, while the communication totally fails with PGS as the RSI increases, the IGS outage probability approaches a fixed value that depends on the channel statistics and target rate. The obtained results show that IGS can leverage higher relay power budgets than PGS to improve the performance, meanwhile it relieves its RSI impact via tuning the signal impropriety.
What constitutes systems thinking: A proposed taxonomy

This paper proposes a taxonomy of systems thinking for use in developing and measuring the effect of systems thinking educational efforts. The taxonomy was derived from a review of the system dynamics literature and interviews with systems educators. Although there is no single definition of systems thinking in the system dynamics community, there is some consensus around seven key components of systems thinking. We map these components onto Bloom’s taxonomy of educational objectives to create the proposed taxonomy of systems thinking, then use this taxonomy to identify indicators of achievement at each level and tests to measure achievement. This is the first step in developing more standard assessment measures for systems thinking interventions.
Decoding Finger Flexion from Band-Specific ECoG Signals in Humans

This article presents the method that won the brain-computer interface (BCI) competition IV addressed to the prediction of the finger flexion from electrocorticogram (ECoG) signals. ECoG-based BCIs have recently drawn the attention from the community. Indeed, ECoG can provide higher spatial resolution and better signal quality than classical EEG recordings. It is also more suitable for long-term use. These characteristics allow to decode precise brain activities and to realize efficient ECoG-based neuroprostheses. Signal processing is a very important task in BCIs research for translating brain signals into commands. Here, we present a linear regression method based on the amplitude modulation of band-specific ECoG including a short-term memory for individual finger flexion prediction. The effectiveness of the method was proven by achieving the highest value of correlation coefficient between the predicted and recorded finger flexion values on data set 4 during the BCI competition IV.
Available-Bandwidth Information Based TCP Congestion Control Algorithm on Multi-RAT Networks

Due to advances in high-speed radio access technologies (HS-RATs), such as 5G and WiGig, it will be possible for mobile users to use ultra-high-speed access services via user equipment (e.g., smartphones) in the 5G era. However, HS-RATs cannot provide wide coverage areas per base station because of high-frequency wave-band use. Operators have to install many HS-RAT base stations to provide widespread ultra-high-speed access services. Therefore, operators need to apply HS-RAT in combination with other RATs, such as Long Term Evolution (LTE), instead of deploying many base stations at an early stage of installing HS-RATs. We call this a multi-RAT environment, which consists of multiple RATs, such as HS-RAT and existing RAT. In this multi-RAT environment, when mobile users move around between LTE and HS-RAT areas, the bandwidth of mobile equipment will cause drastic fluctuation during communicating by establishing or disconnecting radio links between an existing RAT and HS-RAT cell. In this bandwidth fluctuation, mobile users cannot obtain the desired throughput immediately because of conventional TCP congestion control algorithms. In this paper, we propose bandwidth information based congestion control (BCC), a TCP congestion control algorithm, by using available-bandwidth information from base stations for maximizing throughput on a multi-RAT environment. We evaluated BCC by using the ns-3 simulation tool and network testbed with an actual Linux machine.
The structure and regenerative capacity of synovial joint tissues

Abstract: This chapter provides an introduction to the structure, function, and biomechanical properties of synovial joint and its tissues with special emphasis to articular cartilage. Structural elements are described at the cellular level. Major extracellular matrix components, their organization and relationship with biomechanical properties are described. Also, a short introduction to basic methodology to measure biomechanical parameters is presented. In addition, the studies demonstrating presence of human endogenous multi-potent mesenchymal stem/stromal cells (MSCs) and mesenchymal progenitors in synovial joint and associated tissues are reviewed. Possible implications of endogenous MSCs in tissue repair potential are discussed.
Depletion of CG-Specific Methylation in Mycoplasma hyorhinis Genomic DNA after Host Cell Invasion

Adaptation to the environment requires pathogenic bacteria to alter their gene expression in order to increase long-term survival in the host. Here, we present the first experimental evidence that bacterial DNA methylation affects the intracellular survival of pathogenic Mycoplasma hyorhinis. Using bisulfite sequencing, we identified that the M. hyorhinis DNA methylation landscape was distinct in free-living M. hyorhinis relative to the internalized bacteria surviving in the infected human cells. We determined that genomic GATC sites were consistently highly methylated in the bacterial chromosome suggesting that the bacterial GATC-specific 5-methylcytosine DNA methyltransferase was fully functional both pre- and post-infection. In contrast, only the low CG methylation pattern was observed in the mycoplasma genome in the infective bacteria that invaded and then survived in the host cells. In turn, two distinct populations, with either high or low CG methylation, were detected in the M. hyorhinis cultures continually grown in the rich medium independently of host cells. We also identified that M. hyorhinis efficiently evaded endosomal degradation and uses exocytosis to exit infected human cells enabling re-infection of additional cells. The well-orchestrated changes in the chromosome methylation landscape play a major regulatory role in the mycoplasma life cycle.
Finding Spatio-Temporal Contour of Moving Objects

though it could locate precise cor~tours in a st,atic image with simple textures[;], its effectiveness to real world pictures with This paper describes a new algorithm to find the complicated textures and nllrnc,rous contour candidates has contour of a moving object. A distinctive feature not been confirmed. of this algorithm exists in its bottom-up architecture throughout low-level and intermediate-level(mid-In this paper, we try to provide arl essent,ial solutiot~ to level) processes. In our algorithm, first a complete thiqroblem. The salient chara.cteristic of our algorithm is set of dimensionless spatio-temporal measures are i t h o t tom-up abstracting archi tect (Ire. In t,llis architecture, derived to provide low-level constraints on varying both low-leve1 constraints involvwi in brightness changes and brightness. ~ h ~ ~ , based on the self and neighbor-mid-level constraints on geometry and dynamics of the, lnov-ing consistency among these measures, candidate re-ing boundaries build up, in a stcy-by-step manner, a logically gions of the contour are bounded through spatial re-consistent contour through relaxatior~ and regularizatio~~ pro-laxation operations. Finally in the rnid-level process, ceduws appropriate for each level of constraint. This pro-these low-level measures in the candidate regions are vides 11s with flexibility in designing procedures to extract combined with mid-level constraints on spatial and features and to incorporate then1 in each stage so that they temporal continuity of moving boundaries. hi^ in-can reflect corresponding constraints most appropriately. In corporation is made through a newly proposed dimen-order that featnres extract.ed independently in the different sionless regularization procedure over the trajectory levelscan be incorporated ronsister~t.ly in the regularization of the moving boundary. We examine the efficiency procedures, these features ! nust h e so designed that each one of this algorithm through several experiments on real expresses a norr~~alizrd rnra.s~~re a ~ ~ ( l is free fro111 any physi-NTSC motion pictures with dynamic background and cal dimensions which Iratl to c1c~pc~ntlenc.c~ or1 spatio-tc,rr~pord natural textures.
Three parameters to find functional decompositions

Finding simple disjoint functional decompositions is a basic problem, but is generally time-consuming since there are nearly 2/sup n/ bipartitions of input variable. This paper introduces three parameters to find bipartitions of the input variables. It also defines "ideal random logic functions", and derives their properties. Experimental results using randomly generated functions and benchmark functions show the usefulness of the approach.
Density evolution for the simultaneous decoding of LDPC-based slepian-wolf source codes

This paper deals with the design and analysis of low-density parity-check (LDPC) codes for the Slepian-Wolf problem. The main contribution is a code design method based on a density evolution (DE) analysis for the cases where multiple LDPC codes are simultaneously decoded at the decoder. Good source codes are designed both for memoryless sources and sources with Markov memory. Further, simultaneous decoding is generalized to the case of source splitting, which allows non-corner points of the Slepian-Wolf region to be achieved even for sources with equiprobable marginal distributions
Dietary modulation of gut microflora in broiler chickens: a review of the role of six kinds of alternatives to in-feed antibiotics

Since in-feed antibiotics (IFAs) are being taken out of broiler diets around the world, beginning in Sweden in the year 1986, the search for alternatives to replace IFAs has gained increasing interest in animal nutrition. Gut microflora appears to be the target for IFAs and alternatives to exert health benefits and some growth-promoting effects. In this review the effect of six kinds of alternatives to IFAs on gut microflora is discussed and their working mechanisms and growth-promoting effects are reviewed. This review focuses on mannanoligosaccharides (MOS) as alternative to antibiotics using research results obtained by various authors in recent years.