Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Oncologist-Reported Barriers and Facilitators to Enrolling Patients in Optimization Trials That Test Less Intense Cancer Treatment

PURPOSE: As outcomes improve in early-stage breast cancer, clinical trials are undergoing a paradigm shift from intensification trials (more therapy) to improve survival to optimization trials, which assess the potential for using less toxic therapy while preserving survival outcomes. However, little is known about physician perspectives in community and academic settings about possible barriers and facilitators that could affect accrual to optimization clinical trials and the generalizability of future findings. METHODS: We conducted a qualitative study with semistructured interviews of medical oncologists from different academic and community practices to assess their perspectives on optimization trials. Interviews were audio-recorded and transcribed. Three independent coders used a content analysis approach to analyze transcripts using NVivo. Major themes and exemplary quotes were extracted. RESULTS: All 39 physicians reported that they would enroll patients in optimization clinical trials. Oncologists highlighted specific reasons to consider optimization trials. These included quality-of-life improvement by reducing toxicity, reduction in financial toxicity, fertility preservation, ability to avoid chemotherapy, minimization of overtreatment in patients with comorbid conditions, personalized treatment, opportunities to test novel therapies, and leveraging the availability of targeted therapies. Oncologists also identified accrual barriers, such as tumor-specific biology, individual (host) factors, prognostic markers of risk, access to therapies, provider experience, and system constraints. They voiced recommendations regarding preliminary data, trial design, and tools to support enrollment in optimization trials. CONCLUSION: Although oncologists are generally willing to enroll patients on optimization clinical trials, barriers affect their acceptance. A scientific focus on overcoming these barriers is needed to support future enrollment on trials tailoring therapy on the basis of risk and potential benefit to allow true personalization of treatment.
ANALYSIS OF STUDENTS' CREATIVE THINKING IN SOLVING PROBLEMS OPPORTUNITIES BASED ON STUDENTS' LEARNING

The purpose of this research is research in creative thinking on student learning with opportunity material. The research method used is a qualitative research method, tajing the subject of class VIII junior high school students in 2021/2022. Based on the results of the discussion on creative thinking skills, students are given to obtain information on creative thinking skills on the opportunity material that has been taught.
Person Fit in Order-Restricted Latent Class Models

Person-fit analysis revolves around fitting an item response theory (IRT) model to respondents’ vectors of item scores on a test and drawing statistical inferences about fit or misfit of these vectors. Four person-fit measures were studied in order-restricted latent class models (OR-LCMs). To decide whether the OR-LCM fits an item score vector, a Bayesian framework was adopted and posterior predictive checks were used. First, simulated Type I error rates and detection rates were investigated for the four person-fit measures under varying test and item characteristics. Second, the suitability of the OR-LCM methodology in a nonparametric IRT context was investigated. The result was Type I error rates close to the nominal Type I error rates and detection rates close to the detection rates found in OR-LCMs. This means that the OR-LCM methodology is a suitable alternative for assessing person fit in nonparametric IRT models.
Synchronized Scheduling: Choosing to Experience Different Events in Different Places at the Same Time as Others

This research documents a preference for synchronized scheduling—when people choose to experience different events in different places at the same time as others. We find that people are willing to incur costs—for example, by scheduling negative events sooner or positive events later—to synchronize their schedules. Thus, when unable to share physical space, people can nevertheless share “temporal space” by choosing to schedule separate experiences at the same time. Eight studies (N=3,075) explore this preference, which does not extend to disliked others and persists even when only one person knows. We explain that this is because synchronized scheduling acts as “social glue,” increasing feelings of not only person-to-person social connection but also solidarity, trust, and cohesion within the group. As a result, it counteracts experienced and anticipated physical disconnection. We highlight implications for individuals and organizations seeking to create psychologically connected experiences in an increasingly physically disconnected world.
On almost representations of groups

We say that a group G belongs to the class K if every nonunit quotient group of G has an element of order two. Let H be a Hilbert space and let U ( H ) be its group of unitary operators. Suppose that groups A and B belong to the class K and the order of B is more than two. Then the free product G = A (cid:3) B has the following property. For any ε > 0 there exists a mapping T : G ! U ( H ) satisfying the following conditions : 1) k T ( xy ) − T ( x ) (cid:1) T ( y ) k (cid:20) ε, 8 x, 8 y 2 G ; 2) for any representation π : G ! U ( H ) the relation sup fk T ( x ) − π ( x ) k ,x 2 G g = 2 holds.
The Estimation of Smoothing Parameter using Smoothing Techniques

This article discusses on the smoothing parameter which is controlled by interpolating spline basedon the smoothing techniques that consisted of smoothing spline method, kernel regression method, andpenalized spline regression method.The smoothing parameter is controlled the fitting model and the trade of between the bias of theestimator. We also propose the range of smoothing parameter of these methods to fit the smoothing functionwhich data is nonlinear. Therefore, we mention the characteristic of smoothing function when the smoothingparameters have the various values. According to the results, it is concluded that the smoothing parameterof the smoothing spline method is suitable worked between zero to one, the kernel regression is goodperformance between two to ten, and the penalized spline is useful between one to ten. Key Words : Smoothing Parameter; Smoothing Technique; Smoothing Spline; Kernel Regression; PenalizedSpline Regression
Effects of Starch Overload and Cecal Buffering on Fecal Microbiota of Horses

Simple Summary The purpose of this study was to determine if the intracecal injection of alkaline solution (buffer; Mg(OH)2 + Al(OH)3) could stabilize fecal microbiota and clinical changes in horses submitted to starch overload. Clinical signs, gross analysis of the feces, and fecal microbiota were evaluated for 72 h (T0; T8; T12; T24; T48; T72) from ten crossbred horses. Horses were allocated to group I (water–saline and starch–buffer treatments) and group II (water–buffer and starch–saline treatments). Starch overload reduced the richness and diversity of the fecal microbiota. However, the starch–buffer treatment led to a greater increase in amylolytic bacteria and decrease in fibrolytic bacteria than did the starch–saline treatment. This study showed that cecal infusion of buffer did not prevent the intestinal disturbances and their consequences. Abstract Starch overload in horses causes gastrointestinal and metabolic disorders that are associated with microbiota changes. Therefore, we identified the fecal microbiota and hypothesized that intracecal injection of alkaline solution (buffer; Mg(OH)2 + Al(OH)3) could stabilize these microbiota and clinical changes in horses submitted to corn starch overload. Ten crossbred horses (females and geldings) were allocated to group I (water–saline and starch–buffer treatments) and group II (water–buffer and starch–saline treatments). Clinical signs, gross analysis of the feces, and fecal microbiota were evaluated through 72 h (T0; T8; T12; T24; T48; T72). Corn starch or water were administrated by nasogastric tube at T0, and the buffer injected into the cecum at T8 in starch–buffer and water–buffer treatments. Starch overload reduced the richness (p < 0.001) and diversity (p = 0.001) of the fecal microbiota. However, the starch–buffer treatment showed greater increase in amylolytic bacteria (Bifidobacterium 0.0% to 5.6%; Lactobacillus 0.1% to 7.4%; p < 0.05) and decrease in fibrolytic bacteria (Lachnospiraceae 10.2% to 5.0%; Ruminococcaceae 11.7% to 4.2%; p < 0.05) than starch–saline treatment. Additionally, animals that received starch–buffer treatment showed more signs of abdominal discomfort and lameness associated with dysbiosis (amylolytic r > 0.5; fribolytic r < 0.1; p < 0.05), showing that cecal infusion of buffer did not prevent, but intensified intestinal disturbances and the risk of laminitis.
The effect of short-form video addiction on users’ attention

ABSTRACT Short-form videos are popular worldwide as a thriving form of entertainment. Its fragmentation pattern, which presents users with intensive and engaging information, might lead to addiction and adverse effects. This study aims to investigate the effect of addiction to short-form videos on users’ attention, including attention while watching videos and the ability of attentional concentration after watching time. Users addicted or non-addicted to short-form videos were screened to participate in a short-form video watching task and a Stroop task based on eye-tracking technology. The results showed that addicted users reported less interest, centration, and more distractions and exhibited more fixation counts and shorter average fixation duration during watching short-form videos than non-addicted users. In the Stroop task, addicted users achieved longer response time and less accuracy and showed longer average fixation duration, more fixation counts, and saccades between the targets and the distractors than non-addicted users. The results suggest that addicted users might suffer more difficulties maintaining attention, have more attention deficits while watching short-form videos, and have impaired attentional concentration for processing interference. The findings contribute to understanding the effect of addiction to short-form videos and provide helpful insight into using it healthily and preventing addiction.
Supernova Explosions and the Soft Equation of State

The way in which explosion energy of supernovae E(ex) depends on the softness of the equation of state (EOS) is investigated. As the EOS becomes softer, E(ex) increases significantly until a critical point, after which it decreases rapidly to zero. E(ex) becomes the maximum just before black holes are formed. The extremely soft EOS which induces the strongest explosion is excluded by the constraint that the critical mass of neutron stars, M(cr) derived from the EOS must be greater than the observed mass. The amount of the E(ex) also depends on the shape of EOSs, even if they give the same M(cr). 22 references.
Large area transferred silicon nanomembrane photonic devices on unconventional substrates

Silicon microelectronics on unconventional substrates has led to numerous unprecedented applications. Inspired by the great success, it is a natural desire to integrate silicon photonic circuitry on unconventional substrates in the hope of extending the applicability range of silicon photonics to a multitude of novel hybrid silicon photonic devices. However, photonic devices usually have larger dimensions and more complicated morphologies. The transfer method used in electronics cannot be applied directly to transfer photonic devices. Here, we propose a low temperature transfer technique based on adhesive bonding and deep reactive ion etching. A defect-free transfer of 2 cm × 2 cm, 250 nm thick silicon nanomembrane onto a glass slide has been demonstrated. Single mode waveguides and splitters fabricated on the transferred SiNM exhibit comparable results to those fabricated on silicon-on-insulator. With a low process temperature, this method can be easily applied to transfer silicon nanomembranes onto various types of substrates.
Shock waves and nucleosynthesis in type II supernovae

In the study of nucleosynthesis in type II SN, shock waves are initiated artificially, since collapse calculations do not, as yet, give self-consistent shock waves strong enough to produce the SN explosion. The two initiation methods currently used by light-curve modelers are studied, with a focus on the peak temperatures and the nucleosynthetic yields in each method. The various parameters involved in artificially initiating a shock wave and the effects of varying these parameters are discussed. 19 refs.
Adaptive nonuniformity correction for IR focal-plane arrays using neural networks

With rapid advancements in infrared focal plane array (IRFPA) technology, greater demands are being placed on nonuniformity correction (NUC) techniques to provide near-BLIP performance over a wide dynamic range. Standard NUC techniques involve calibrating each detector using reference temperature sources before imaging the IRFPA. Usually the correction needs to be re-calibrated after a short period of time due to IRFPA drift or to adjust for changes in the level of background flux. Adaptive NUC techniques eliminate the need for calibration by continuously updating the correction coefficients based on radiance levels of the scene being viewed. In this manner, continuous compensation can be applied adaptively for individual detector non-idealities and background changes. Two adaptive NUC techniques are discussed; one is a temporal highpass filter and the other involves a neural network with lateral interconnects to nearest neighbor pixels. Both have similarities to biological retinal processing. Questions of implementation and stability are discussed and performance results are given for several test image sequences which were obtained from an MWIR HgCdTe array and a HIDAD uncooled array. We conclude that adaptive techniques will be very useful in future IRFPA sensors, primarily because of their ability to adapt over a wide range of background flux without calibration sources, but also because they can offer improved sensitivity under most operating conditions.
Terahertz electro-optic wavelength conversion in GaAs quantum wells: Improved efficiency and room-temperature operation

A 4-μm-thick sample containing 50 GaAs/AlGaAs asymmetric coupled quantum wells was driven with a strong terahertz (THz) electric field of frequency ωTHz and probed with a near-infrared (NIR) laser of frequency ωNIR. The THz beam modulated the probe to generate sidebands at ωNIR+nωTHz, where n is an integer. Up to 0.2% of the NIR laser power was converted into the n=+1 sideband at 20 K, and sidebands were observed up to room temperature. The strong THz fields also induced changes in the NIR absorption of the sample.
The Bean Model in Superconductivity

The Bean critical-state model describes the penetration of magnetic field into type-II superconductors. Mathematically, this is a free boundary problem and its solution is of interest in applied superconductivity.We derive a variational formulation for the Bean model and use it to solve two-dimensional and axially symmetric critical-state problems numerically.
Systematic Pharmacology-Based Strategy to Explore the Mechanism of Bufei Huoxue Capsule in the Treatment of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease

Objective To explore the effects and mechanisms of Bufei Huoxue Capsule (BHC) on chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) based on network pharmacology. Methods The effective components and related targets of BHC were collected by searching TCMSP, HERB, and ETCM databases, after which the related targets of COPD were obtained on GeneCards and OMIM databases. The common targets were imported into the STRING database and Cytoscape database to construct a target interaction network and screen core targets. Next, Gene Ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway enrichment analyses were performed on the Metascape platform. According to the prediction results of network pharmacology, the action mechanism was further examined in an animal model of COPD. The pathological changes of lung tissue were observed by HE staining; goblet cells and mucus secretion in lung tissue were observed by AB-PAS staining, airway collagen deposition was observed by Masson staining, and the expression of NE, TGF-β1, P-EGFR/EGFR, P-ERK1/2/ERK1/2, P-JNK/JNK, and P-P38/P38MAPK protein was detected by Western blot analysis. Results A total of 379 targets related to BHC and 7391 targets related to COPD were obtained, including 313 potential targets of BHC in treating chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, with JUN, AKT1, TNF, IL6, EGFR, MAPK1, and MAPK14 as the core targets. Through enrichment analysis, BHC may interfere with COPD by regulating the MAPK signal pathway, HIF-1 signal pathway, NF-κB signal pathway, cAMP signal pathway, cGMP-PKG signal pathway, and so on. Animal experiments showed that the BHC could reduce airway inflammatory cell infiltration, inhibit airway epithelial goblet cell proliferation, reduce mucus secretion, and improve small airway collagen fiber deposition in COPD model rats. Besides, BHC could downregulate the protein expression of NE, TGF-β1, P-EGFR, P-ERK1/2, and P-P38MAPK. Conclusion BHC can reduce airway inflammation, inhibit mucus hypersecretion, and improve airway remodeling by regulating the MAPK signal transduction pathway.
Analysis and compensation of metal resistivity effects in apodized SAW transducers

A method for the modeling of electrode resistance effects within apodized SAW (surface acoustic wave) transducers is presented The transducer is treated as a two-dimensional distributed network and analyzed by the standard methods of network theory. Electrostatic and acoustic interactions are fully taken into account. A full-scale numerical analysis based on a track division approach and an iterative solution of the network equations is presented. The computing time has been reduced to an acceptable level by using a quasi-equidistant track division scheme. The calculated deviation of the transfer function due to the resistivity of the metal is used to correct the result of the diffraction simulation. Metal resistivity and diffraction effects were compensated simultaneously in an in-line filter with a 40% relative bandwidth. The passband and stopband characteristics can be improved over those of an identical design compensated for diffraction only. <<ETX>>
Predictors of Visualization: A Structural Equation Model.

This study tested a causal model of the development of spatial visualization based on a synthesis of past and present research. During the summer and fall of 1999, 117 thirdand fourth-year undergraduates majoring in architecture, mathematics, mathematics education, and mechanical engineering completed a spatial visualization test and a background questionnaire during one class period. The spatial visualization test included 32 multiple choice items, each involving an object made up of small unit cubes seen from a certain perspective. Students had to determine which of five other objects was the same as the one shown, but from another view. Student background questions highlighted gender, college major, annual family income, ethnicity, handedness, past and present hobbies, parents' occupations, musical training, favorite high school mathematics course, and childhood toys and activities. Data analysis indicated that spatial visualization developed over a period of time as a result of individuals' experience and certain exogenous qualities. Spatial visualization was influenced by childhood experiences, which were influenced by gender, parents' occupations, and family income. Musical experience had a direct influence on visualization. Childhood spatial experiences had a direct influence on visualization. Females in the study were lacking in spatial experiences. (Contains 36 references.) (SM) Reproductions supplied by EDRS are the best that can be made from the original document.
Orientation of solar wind dynamic pressure phase fronts

Orientation of structures in the solar wind plays an important role when attempting to use upstream observations at L1 for prediction of subsequent conditions near the Earth. In this study, the relationship between solar wind dynamic pressure forcing and geosynchronous magnetic field response is used to determine a very large set of lagged correlations between the ACE and GOES satellites. Effects due to tilted solar wind structures are explored using the dispersion of arrival times relative to a simple phase plane model. Assuming that structure phase‐front normal vectors were located in the GSE‐xy plane, we found a characteristic azimuth of 15°. Similar analysis carried out with velocity scaling according to the Parker spiral model did not produce an improved fit. Binning by average interplanetary magnetic field (IMF) B→ orientation produced a clear pattern in characteristic azimuth, with phase‐front normals perpendicular to both the predominant Parker spiral orientation and the less common ortho‐spiral configuration. An empirical relationship φn̂=−45°sin(2φB) was found to predict phase‐front normal azimuth over the entire range of observed IMF azimuths. The effects of lateral displacement from the Sun‐Earth line in the GSE‐z direction are comparable to those for GSE‐y, indicating that solar wind structures are often significantly inclined with respect to the ecliptic plane.
Biological Performance of Tetranychus bastosi (Acari: Tetranychidae) on different hosts

Tetranychus bastosi Tuttle, Baker and Sales (Acari: Tetranychidae) has been observed in more than 36 host species and it is considered a potential pest mite for several crops, however its occurrence is still restricted to Brazil. The present study determined the biological, reproductive parameters and host preference of T. bastosi in three plant species: Morus rubra L. (Moraceae); Ipomoea batatas L. (Convolvulaceae); and Psidium guajava L. (Myrtaceae). The incubation period of T. bastosi eggs was longer in M. rubra (5.9 days), followed by I. batatas and P. guajava (4.0 days for both). The longest larval period was observed in P. guajava (5.7 days). The longest durations of the protonymph and deutonymph stages were recorded in P. guajava (3 days) and M. rubra (2.3 days). However, T. bastosi could not complete its life cicle on P. guajava. The longest period from egg to adult of T. bastosi was observed in I. batatas (30 days). The highest longevity of T. bastosi was observed in the hosts I. batatas and M. rubra (39.8 and 30.2 days, respectively). The longest average duration of a generation (T) was observed on M. rubra 21.3 days. Nevertheless, for the intrinsic capacity for population increase (rm) and finite rate of increase (λ) no differences were observed on I. batatas and M. rubra. In this sense, T. bastosi presents a high biological performance in I. batatas and M. rubra, however P. guajava was not considered a suitable host for the red spider mite.
Chemical vapor deposited graphene: From synthesis to applications

Graphene is a material with enormous potential for numerous applications. Therefore, significant efforts are dedicated to large‐scale graphene production using a chemical vapor deposition (CVD) technique. In addition, research is directed at developing methods to incorporate graphene in established production technologies and process flows. In this paper, we present a brief review of available CVD methods for graphene synthesis. We also discuss scalable methods to transfer graphene onto desired substrates. Finally, we discuss potential applications that would benefit from a fully scaled, semiconductor technology compatible production process.