Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
[Neurosurgical treatment in childhood dystonias and dyskinesias].

AIM To present the post-surgery clinical results of deep brain stimulation of the internal globus pallidus (GPi) in a group of paediatric patients with primary and secondary dystonic-dyskinetic syndrome. PATIENTS AND METHODS Between November 1996 and May 2006, 121 patients were submitted to interventions with bilateral deep brain stimulation of the GPi, 58 of whom were children (age range: 5-16 years); 35 were cases of primary dystonia, of which 17 were carriers of the DYT1 mutation and 10 were not. A further 8 cases were myoclonic dystonias, 3 of whom presented the DYT11 mutation. With regard to the secondary dystonias, 4 were carriers of PKAN (pantothenate kinase-associated neurodegeneration) syndrome and 9 were cases of post-anoxic encephalopathies. RESULTS Percentage improvements were as follows: in the case of DYT1+ primary dystonias, 80% at one year maintained at 3 years; in cases of DYT1-, 70% at one year maintained at 3 years, and in the myoclonic dystonias, 50% at one year and 85% at 3 years. In the group of patients with secondary dystonias due to post-anoxic encephalopathies, we found an improvement of 30% at one year and 40% at 3 years; in the group with PKAN syndrome, the figures were 60% at one year and 50% at two years. CONCLUSIONS Treatment involving bilateral deep brain stimulation of the GPi nuclei in childhood cases of generalised dystonias is highly effective, the best prognoses being those offered by the group with primary dystonias and especially those related to the DYT1 mutation. Treatment also proved to be effective in the case of secondary dystonias, although with lower degrees of improvement.
Separating planar cell polarity and Hippo pathway activities of the protocadherins Fat and Dachsous

The giant Drosophila protocadherin Fat (Ft) affects planar cell polarity (PCP). Ft also inhibits the overgrowth of imaginal discs via the Hippo pathway, repressing the activity of the transcription co-factor Yorkie (Yki). Much of Ft activity is likely to be mediated by its intracellular domain (Ft ICD). However, the links between the Ft ICD and either PCP or Hippo activity are poorly understood, and the role of the Hippo pathway in PCP is ambiguous. We have performed a structure-function analysis of the Ft ICD. We found that the effects of the Ft ICD on PCP and the Hippo pathway are largely separable. Surprisingly, the domains required for PCP and Hippo activities do not map to any of the previously identified protein interaction domains, nor, with one exception, to the regions that are highly conserved in mammalian Fat4. We also found that the extracellular domain of Ft can act independently of the Ft ICD in PCP and can trigger dominant-negative and boundary effects on Hippo activity, probably via binding to the protocadherin Dachsous.
PENGARUH DONGENG TERHADAP KEMAMPUAN BICARA ANAK AUTIS DISERTAI GANGGUAN BAHASA DI SDLB SHANTI KOSALA NGANJUK

The purpose of this research were;1) to know the autistic and language disorded children`s speaking skill at Shanti Kosala inclusive Nganjuk before they were given fairytale as a media in the learning process,2) to know the autistic and language disorded children`s speaking skill at Shanti Kosala inclusive Nganjuk after they were given fairytale as a media in the learning process. The design of this research was : The one grouppre test dan post test. Test was a research method which was used in the research. To analyze the data, the researcher used Non Parametrik statistic. The result children average score in the pre test is 2.25. Then,they were given treatment in 12 meetings. Their scores were analyzed by using sign test (Zh) with Z table 5% in two sides testing 1.64. the result of the Z score is Zh=2.04. based on the result, it can be concluded that there is significant effect of the use oh fairytale toward autistic and language disorded children`s speaking skil at Shanti Kosala Inclusive school, with Zh= 2.04>5% 1.64. Kata kunci : fairytale, speaking skill, autistic and language disorded children
Attitudes and Discourse: Spanish Practitioners’ and Undergraduates’ Survey Results

The emergence of English as the international language of communication has increased the attention and concern given its teaching and learning. This survey-based study explores the attitudes of Spanish practitioners and undergraduate students towards English as the vehicular language in the field of medicine and towards Medical Electronic Popularizations as an alternative to medical research articles. The survey results point out that these subjects’ perception of English as the vehicle of communication in the medical field and their conceptualization of medical electronic popularizations are positive. Pedagogical implications can be drawn from this study since it confirms our students’ awareness of the use of English and the new-born genres or communication channels. El papel del ingles como lenguaje internacional de comunicacion ha despertado interes en lo que respecta a su ensenanza y aprendizaje. El presente sondeo explora las actitudes de medicos y estudiantes de medicina espanoles hacia el ingles como lenguaje vehicular y hacia nuevos generos emergentes como las popularizaciones medicas difundidas por Internet. Los resultados senalan que estos sujetos tienen una actitud positiva ante ambos; el ingles como lenguaje vehicular y ante estas popularizaciones medicas. Este estudio confirma que ambos grupos asumen la importancia del ingles como herramienta basica de comunicacion en el campo de la medicina y del protagonismo de estos generos electronicos emergentes.
Carotid stenting for patients with coexisting carotid and coronary disease.

T HE OVERWHELMING majority of stroke events are ischemic, and up to one-quarter of these can be related to atherosclerotic disease of the cervical internal carotid artery. Carotid stenosis causes ischemic stroke by acting as an embolic source and/or causing hypoperfusion of the ipsilateral cerebral hemisphere. Carotid endarterectomy is an established treatment for preventing stroke associated with high-grade carotid stenosis. Carotid angioplasty with stenting is evolving as an alternative to carotid endarterectomy, particularly in patients who have a higher complication rate with carotid endarterectomy. This article will briefly review the indications and limitations of carotid endarterectomy in patients withcoexistingcoronaryarterydisease. Carotidangioplastyandstentingcould be a safe and viable alternative in the treatment of these high-risk carotid endarterectomy candidates.
Message in the Music: Do Lyrics Influence Well-Being?

Music has long been an effective way to communicate to the masses, and lyrics have played a massive role in delivering this communication. Yet the opportunity for research on the role lyrics play in well-being is vastly underutilized. This paper is an exploration of the relationship between lyrics and positive psychology. I will discuss a brief origin of lyrics, examine the body of literature on lyrics as well as its gaps, and finally suggest potential application of lyrics to increasing various aspects of well-being. We are only beginning to have the language to discuss the positive and negative effects of lyrics. The results of this exploration indicate that lyrics have the potential to increase two of the five elements of well-being in the PERMA model, positive emotions and meaning. It is suggested that you can increase well-being by mindfully listening to meaning-filled lyrics bolstered by music’s ability to influence emotion. Considering music’s accessibility and commonality, the relationship between lyrics and positive psychology has the potential for a broad impact that can contribute to Martin Seligman’s goal of 51% of the population flourishing by 2051.
From the Old World to the New World: an ecologic study of population susceptibility to HIV infection

It remains unclear why the global distribution of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), between and within continents, is so heterogeneous. This ecologic study of 34 populations of the Americas explored the hypothesis that populations differ in their intrinsic, biological susceptibility to HIV which, together with exposure, might determine the ultimate ‘mature’ prevalence. If true, national HIV prevalence in populations of the Americas should be predictable from each country's ethnic mosaic, inter‐racial admixture and HIV prevalence in regions of Africa, Europe and Asia from where their ancestors migrated. For each country, the adult population (15–49 years) was multiplied by the proportion corresponding to each ethnic group by HIV prevalence in the country/region of origin of each group, yielding the predicted prevalences, which were then compared with observed prevalences documented by UNAIDS for 2001. Predicted and observed HIV prevalences were highly correlated (r = 0.70, P < 0.001). In North America, predicted prevalences were within 0.5% of the observed values, except for African–Americans and African–Canadians. In Central and South America, differences between predicted and observed prevalences were <1.0% except in Honduras and Guyana. Some Caribbean countries had a predicted prevalence identical to the observed one, but there were outliers. Overall, predicted prevalence was 0.93% and observed prevalence 0.64%; two‐thirds of this difference was attributed to Brazil. Although it was not possible to adjust to the confounding effects of sexual behaviour and cofactors of transmission (such as sexually transmitted infections) because of the lack of nationally representative data for each and every country, a number of arguments reviewed in the paper suggest that confounders cannot explain all this association and that differential susceptibility might be an important determinant of steady‐state HIV prevalence.
Optoelectronic Devices Based on Perovskites/2D Materials Heterostructures

Optoelectronic devices based on Perovskites/2D Materials Heterostructures This research explores the wide range of potential applications of perovskite heterostructures (PHSs). Recently, researchers have made considerable progress in optoelectronic devices based on PHSs for energy-related and sensing applications. Here we begin by introducing the fundamental theory of PHS and focus on its optoelectronic properties. We focus on fabricating and characterizing advanced semiconducting heterostructure optoelectronics devices. The main objective of understanding their fundamental behavior is to tailor and improve their functionalities and empower different applications. Therefore, we propose the development of light management in photo detectors using the following scalable and cost-effective fabrication techniques: (i) The design of nano electronic and optoelectronic devices based on the layering of inorganic and organic hybrid Perovskite CH3NH3PbBr3/Molybdenum disulfide MoS2 single crystal. We developed a new method for stacking the n-type MoS2 single crystal with ptype Perovskite CH3NH3PbBr3 single crystal in the vertical direction, which enabled us to form a van der Waals heterojunction p–n diode. This demonstrates good current-voltage rectifying behavior in the dark and under light illumination. (ii) The use of inkjet-printed photo detectors using Graphene/Perovskite/Graphene (GPG) Heterostructures in the visible light region. This is achieved by fabricating a graphene/perovskite metal-semiconductor-metal (MSM) configuration through inkjet printing or by employing the hybrid approach (a combination of inkjet printing and transferred layers) as a high-gain visible light photo detector. This research opens a new path in the light management of optoelectronic devices.
Elastic and electronic tuning of magnetoresistance in MoTe2

Uniaxial tensile strain changes the magnetoresistance according to the direction it is applied on in MoTe2. Quasi–two-dimensional transition metal dichalcogenides exhibit dramatic properties that may transform electronic and photonic devices. We report on how the anomalously large magnetoresistance (MR) observed under high magnetic field in MoTe2, a type II Weyl semimetal, can be reversibly controlled under tensile strain. The MR is enhanced by as much as ~30% at low temperatures and high magnetic fields when uniaxial strain is applied along the a crystallographic direction and reduced by about the same amount when strain is applied along the b direction. We show that the large in-plane electric anisotropy is coupled with the structural transition from the 1T′ monoclinic to the Td orthorhombic Weyl phase. A shift of the Td-1T′ phase boundary is achieved by minimal tensile strain. The sensitivity of the MR to tensile strain suggests the possibility of a nontrivial spin-orbital texture of the electron and hole pockets in the vicinity of Weyl points. Our ab initio calculations show a significant orbital mixing on the Fermi surface, which is modified by the tensile strains.
Measuring quality of life in patients with sleep apnoea: whose life is it anyway?

Salmeterol reduces breathlessness during exercise without necessarily changing exercise duration The inability to exercise because of distressing breathlessness is one of the most frequent problems experienced by patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD)1 and is a major determinant of impaired quality of life.2 Our understanding of why this occurs and how best to treat it has improved significantly in the last decade. At one level the problem appears relatively straightforward. Exercise invariably involves an increase in whole body oxygen consumption and carbon dioxide production, which requires an appropriate rise in alveolar ventilation if arterial carbon dioxide tension is to remain constant. In patients with COPD the ability to increase minute ventilation is restricted as is the capacity to empty their lungs quickly, hence exercise limitation occurs at a lower workload than in age matched healthy subjects. Although there is much truth in this simple scheme, it does not do justice to the many complex adaptive responses that patients use to cope with their chronic airflow obstruction, nor does it explain the variability seen in both the duration of exercise and the intensity of breathlessness in patients with apparently similar levels of airflow obstruction. Unsurprisingly, the general relationship of ventilatory capacity, commonly established indirectly from the forced expiratory volume in 1 second (FEV1),3 is not simple. While the 12 minute walking distance is broadly related to the severity of airflow obstruction,4 spirometric measurements are not very precise indicators of exercise capacity in the individual patient. Differences in ventilation-perfusion matching during exercise mean that individuals with more “wasted ventilation” achieve their maximum sustainable ventilation sooner for the same degree of alveolar ventilation.5 Differences in pre-morbid fitness are also relevant. Patients who are less fit progress to anaerobic metabolism (and hence increased carbon dioxide production) …
Value Function Transfer for General Game Playing

We present value function transfer techniques for General Game Playing (GGP) by Reinforcement Learning. We focus on 2 player, alternate-move, complete information board games and use the GGP simulator and framework. Our approach is two-pronged: first we extract knowledge about crucial regions in the value-function space of any game in the genre. Then for each target game, we generate a smaller version of this game and extract symmetry information from the board setup. The combined knowledge of value function and symmetry allows us to achieve significant transfer via Reinforcement Learning, to larger board games using only a limited size of state-space by virtue of exploiting symmetry.
MULTIPLE F0 TRACKING IN SOLO RECORDINGS OF MONODIC INSTRUMENTS

This article is concerned with the F0 tracking in monodic instrument solo recordings. Due to reverberation, the observed signal is rather polyphonic and single-F0 tracking techniques often give unsatisfying results. The proposed method is based on multiple-F0 estimation and makes use of the a priori knowledge that the observed spectrum is generated by a single monodic instrument. The predominant F0 is tracked first and the secondary F0 tracks are then established. The proposed method is tested on reverberant recordings and show significant improvements compared to single-F0 estimators.
Intonation and Pragmatic Enrichment: How Intonation Constrains Ad Hoc Scalar Inferences

Pragmatic inferences require listeners to use alternatives to arrive at the speaker’s intended meaning. Previous research has shown that intonation interacts with alternatives but not how it does so. We present two mouse tracking experiments that test how pitch accents affect the processing of ad hoc scalar implicatures in English. The first shows that L+H* accents facilitate implicatures relative to H* accents. The second replicates this finding and demonstrates that the facilitation is caused by early derivation of the implicature in the L+H* condition. We attribute the effect to a link between L+H* and pragmatic considerations, such as speaker knowledge effects, or the saliency of alternatives relevant to the computation of implicatures. More generally our findings illustrate how intonation interacts at a cognitive level with pragmatic inference.
Proximal Tubular Epithelial Cell Integrins Respond to High Glucose by Altered Cell-Matrix Interactions and Differentially Regulate Matrixin Expression

Thickening of the tubular basement membrane (TBM) occurs in diabetic nephropathy, but the effects of high glucose on the functional aspects of proximal tubular epithelial cells are not clearly understood. In the present study, we examined the effects of elevated glucose concentrations on (a) integrin expression by human proximal tubular epithelial cells (HK-2) and integrin-mediated interactions with type IV collagen (colIV) and laminin, major components of TBM; (b) the expression of matrixins/matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs), which is regulated by integrins; and (c) the expression of tissue inhibitors of metalloproteinases (TIMPs). HK-2 cells cultured in 25 mm glucose underwent a reduction of the expression of α3, β1, αvβ3, and α5 integrin subunits, with a concomitant increase of the α2 subunit, compared with cells grown in 5 mm glucose. Adhesion experiments demonstrated that high glucose led to increased cell adhesion on either colIV or laminin. Experiments of competition of adhesion using anti-integrin antibodies indicated that HK-2 cells in 5 mm glucose used mainly αvβ3 and α5β1 integrins to adhere to colIV, whereas in 25 mm glucose they additionally used α2β1. In the case of laminin, a β1-mediated adhesion was observed when HK-2 cells were in 5 mm glucose, whereas in 25 mm glucose, α2β1 and αvβ3 were also involved. Elevated glucose concentrations resulted in decreased expression of MMP-9 and MMP-2, whereas an increase in TIMP-1 and a decrease in TIMP-2 expression were observed. We also examined which integrins mediated the expression and secretion of matrixins MMP-2 and MMP-9. Ligation of α3β1 with mAbs resulted in induction of MMP-2 expression and secretion, whereas antibody ligation of αvβ3 led to down-regulation of MMP-9. The above data implicate integrins of proximal tubular epithelial cells in the regulation of MMPs and in the development of TBM thickening in diabetic nephropathy.
Can Wild Ungulate Carcasses Provide Enough Biomass to Maintain Avian Scavenger Populations? An Empirical Assessment Using a Bio-Inspired Computational Model

Background The reduction in the amount of food available for European avian scavengers as a consequence of restrictive public health policies is a concern for managers and conservationists. Since 2002, the application of several sanitary regulations has limited the availability of feeding resources provided by domestic carcasses, but theoretical studies assessing whether the availability of food resources provided by wild ungulates are enough to cover energetic requirements are lacking. Methodology/Findings We assessed food provided by a wild ungulate population in two areas of NE Spain inhabited by three vulture species and developed a P System computational model to assess the effects of the carrion resources provided on their population dynamics. We compared the real population trend with to a hypothetical scenario in which only food provided by wild ungulates was available. Simulation testing of the model suggests that wild ungulates constitute an important food resource in the Pyrenees and the vulture population inhabiting this area could grow if only the food provided by wild ungulates would be available. On the contrary, in the Pre-Pyrenees there is insufficient food to cover the energy requirements of avian scavenger guilds, declining sharply if biomass from domestic animals would not be available. Conclusions/Significance Our results suggest that public health legislation can modify scavenger population trends if a large number of domestic ungulate carcasses disappear from the mountains. In this case, food provided by wild ungulates could be not enough and supplementary feeding could be necessary if other alternative food resources are not available (i.e. the reintroduction of wild ungulates), preferably in European Mediterranean scenarios sharing similar and socio-economic conditions where there are low densities of wild ungulates. Managers should anticipate the conservation actions required by assessing food availability and the possible scenarios in order to make the most suitable decisions.
Connected or informed?: Local Twitter networking in a London neighbourhood

This paper asks whether geographically localised, or ‘hyperlocal’, uses of Twitter succeed in creating peer-to-peer neighbourhood networks or simply act as broadcast media at a reduced scale. Literature drawn from the smart cities discourse and from a UK research project into hyperlocal media, respectively, take on these two opposing interpretations. Evidence gathered in the case study presented here is consistent with the latter, and on this basis we criticise the notion that hyperlocal social media can be seen as a community in itself. We demonstrate this by creating a network map of Twitter followers of a popular hyperlocal blog in Brockley, southeast London. We describe various attributes of this network including its average degree and clustering coefficient to suggest that a small and highly connected cluster of visible local entities such as businesses form a clique at the centre of this network, with individual residents following these but not one another. We then plot the locations of these entities and demonstrate that sub-communities in the network are formed due to close geographical proximity between smaller sets of businesses. These observations are illustrated with qualitative evidence from interviews with users who suggest instead that rather than being connected to one another they benefit from what has been described as ‘neighbourhood storytelling’. Despite the limitations of working with Twitter data, we propose that this multi-modal approach offers a valuable way to investigate the experience of using social media as a communication tool in urban neighbourhoods.