Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Adaptive pipeline depth control for processor power-management

A method of managing the power consumption of an embedded, single-issue processor by controlling its pipeline depth is proposed. The execution time will be increased but, if the method is applied to applications with slack time, the user-perceived performance may not be degraded Two techniques are shown using an existing asynchronous processor as a starting point. The first method controls the pipeline occupancy using a token mechanism, the second enables adjacent pipeline stages to be merged, by making the latches between them 'permanently' transparent. An energy reduction of up to 16% is measured, using a collection of five benchmarks.
Internet Engineering Task Force (ietf) Oauth 2.0 Threat Model and Security Considerations

This document gives additional security considerations for OAuth, beyond those in the OAuth 2.0 specification, based on a comprehensive threat model for the OAuth 2.0 protocol. (IETF). It represents the consensus of the IETF community. It has received public review and has been approved for publication by the Internet Engineering Steering Group (IESG). Not all documents approved by the IESG are a candidate for any level of Internet Standard; see Section 2 of RFC 5741. Information about the current status of this document, any errata, and how to provide feedback on it may be obtained at in effect on the date of publication of this document. Please review these documents carefully, as they describe your rights and restrictions with respect to this document. Code Components extracted from this document must include Simplified BSD License text as described in Section 4.e of the Trust Legal Provisions and are provided without warranty as described in the Simplified BSD License.
Shot Break Detection and Camera Motion Classification in Digital Video

In this paper we describe methods using 2D-pixel motion elds for detecting shot breaks and classifying camera motion in digital video. These ow elds can be calculated with optical ow or correlation matching. The Karhunen-Loe ve transform (KLT), based on statistical properties, insures extraction of optimal linear features from ow elds representing a particular motion class. Two methods for classiication are discussed, and experimental results for each method are presented.
Recombination Speeds Adaptation by Reducing Competition between Beneficial Mutations in Populations of Escherichia coli

Identification of the selective forces contributing to the origin and maintenance of sex is a fundamental problem in biology. The Fisher–Muller model proposes that sex is advantageous because it allows beneficial mutations that arise in different lineages to recombine, thereby reducing clonal interference and speeding adaptation. I used the F plasmid to mediate recombination in the bacterium Escherichia coli and measured its effect on adaptation at high and low mutation rates. Recombination increased the rate of adaptation ∼3-fold more in the high mutation rate treatment, where beneficial mutations had to compete for fixation. Sequencing of candidate loci revealed the presence of a beneficial mutation in six high mutation rate lines. In the absence of recombination, this mutation took longer to fix and, over the course of its substitution, conferred a reduced competitive advantage, indicating interference between competing beneficial mutations. Together, these results provide experimental support for the Fisher–Muller model and demonstrate that plasmid-mediated gene transfer can accelerate bacterial adaptation.
An Efficient Radical-Based Algorithm for Stroke-Order-Free Online Kanji Character Recognition

This paper investigates improvements of an online handwriting stroke-order analysis algorithm - cube search, based on cube graph stroke-order generation model and dynamic programming (DP). By dividing character into radicals, the model is decomposed into intra-radical graphs and an inter-radical graph. This decomposition considerably reduces the time complexity of stroke-order search DP. Experimental results showed an significant improvements in operational speed. Additionally, recognition accuracy was also improved by prohibiting unnatural stroke-order
Study of cable stayed bridge damage diagnosis based on Modal Strain Energy

The study of large-scale complex structure damage diagnosis had become more and more important. Discussed a kind of effective method for damaged diagnosis base on the improving Cross Modal Strain Energy (CMSE) technique and the Modal Strain Energy Rate (MSER). Through improvement of the existing modal strain energy indexes, discussed using only low-order modes for the bridge structure damage diagnostic methods base on excitation with environment. In cable stayed bridge damage diagnosis, used MSER to find the location of damage. We used CMSE to evaluate the degree of damage. Put the diagnostic component in the actual bridge structure. Approaches in the project reality, the result shows that the propose method can find the location of damage and evaluate the degree of damage well on cable stayed bridge.
Automatic Slide Presentation from Semantically Annotated Documents

This paper discusses how to automatically generate slide shows. The reported presentation system inputs documents annotated with the GDA tagset, an XML tagset which allows machines to automatically infer the semantic structure underlying the raw documents. The system picks up important topics in the input document on the basis of the semantic dependencies and coreferences identified from the tags. This topic selection depends also on interactions with the audience, leading to dynamic adaptation of the presentation. A slide is composed for each topic by extracting relevant sentences and paraphrasing them to an itemized summary. Some heuristics are employed here for paraphrasing and layout. Since the GDA tagset is independent of the domain and style of documents and applicable to diverse natural languages, the reported system is also domain/style independent and easy to adapt to different languages.
Streaming HD H.264 encoder on programmable processors

Programmable processors have great advantage over dedicated ASIC design under intense time-to-market pressure. However, real-time encoding of high-definition (HD) H.264 video (up to 1080p) is a challenge to most existing programmable processors. On the other hand, model-based design is widely accepted in developing complex media program. Stream model, an emerging model-based programming method, shows surprising efficiency on many compute-intensive domains especially for media processing. On the basis, this paper proposes a set of streaming techniques for H.264 encoding, and then develops all of the code based on the X264 reference code. Our streaming H.264 encoder is a pure software implementation completely written in high-level language without special hardware/algorithm support. Real execution results show that our encoder achieves significant speedup over the original X264 encoder on various programmable architectures: on X86 CoreTM2 E8200 the speedup is 1.8x, on MIPS 4KEc the speedup is 3.7x, on TMS320 C6416 DSP the speedup is 5.5x, on stream processor STORM-SP16 G220 the speedup is 6.1x. Especially, on STORM processor, the streaming encoder achieves the performance of 30.6 frames per second for a 1080P HD sequence, satisfying the real-time requirement. These indicate that streaming is extremely efficient for this kind of media workload. Our work is also applicable for other media processing applications, and provides architecture insights into dedicated ASIC or FPGA HD H.264 encoders.
Pokémon GO Within the Context of Family Health: Retrospective Study

Background Pokémon GO illuminated the potential for mobile phone gaming apps to engage users and promote health. However, much work is needed to fully understand the mechanisms through which digitally supported behavior change interventions operate, particularly for children and families. Objective The aims of this study were (1) to explore the Pokémon GO user experience from a family perspective and (2) to investigate Pokémon GO within the context of family health. Methods Between January and February 2017, congruent with one of the largest anticipated Pokémon GO updates Gen 2, participants were recruited from parks, word of mouth, and social media to complete a Web-based survey. Participants were surveyed about family characteristics, interest, and experiences playing Pokémon GO and healthy lifestyle beliefs. Using a revised Godin Leisure-Time Exercise Questionnaire, a retrospective pre-post design assessed changes in parent physical activity (PA) before and after playing Pokémon GO. Results Self-reported data from 160 parents and 31 children were included in the final analyses (representing 129 parents and 31 parent-child dyads). Gameplay most often occurred between sons aged 10 years or younger and mothers. “Spending time together” was the most cited reason for gameplay by both parents (122/160, 76.3%) and children (24/31, 77%), followed by “it helped me go outdoors” for parents (113/160, 70.1%) and “I am a Pokémon fan” by children (21/31, 68%). Interestingly, open-ended responses indicated that gameplay could trigger both positive and negative emotional parent response. The most cited reason for app disengagement was boredom; conversely, the most cited reason for app re-engagement was in-app events. For parents, there were significant increases in minutes spent in mild (mean 23.36 [SD 66.02]; t97=3.50, P<.001) and moderate (mean 21.76 [SD 53.04]; t130=4.70, P<.001) PA per week after playing Pokémon GO. However, child perceptions of parental influence on PA most significantly associated with parents who reported weekly strenuous PA both before (rs=.514, P=.003) and after (rs=.536, P=.003) Pokémon GO uptake. Conclusions Pokémon GO transcended traditional understanding of digital health and uniquely reached across generations to engage users. Findings from this study highlight that, for a period of time, Pokémon GO fostered social and physical well-being for children and families through a multifaceted approach.
Statistical Properties of X-Ray Clusters: Analytic and Numerical Comparisons

We compare the results of Eulerian hydrodynamic simulations of cluster formation against virial scaling relations between four bulk quantities: the cluster mass, the dark matter velocity dispersion, the gas temperature, and the cluster luminosity. The comparison is made for a large number of clusters at a range of redshifts in three different cosmological models (cold plus hot dark matter, cold dark matter, and open cold dark matter). We find that the analytic formulae provide a good description of the relations between three of the four numerical quantities. The fourth (luminosity) also agrees once we introduce a procedure to correct for the fixed numerical resolution. We also compute the normalizations for the virial relations and compare extensively to the existing literature, finding remarkably good agreement. The Press-Schechter prescription is calibrated with the simulations, again finding results consistent with other authors. We also examine related issues such as the size of the scatter in the virial relations, the effect of metallicity with a fixed passband, and the structure of the halos. All of this is done in order to establish a firm groundwork for the use of clusters as cosmological probes. Implications for the models are briefly discussed.
A service-based infrastructure for advanced logistics

The solutions for dangerous goods transportation usually need to deal with several constraints and requirements. The technological level in logistics is low and fleet management systems typically employ proprietary solutions. Web services can help tackle these problems since they help widen the market, reduce the gap between advanced solutions and small to medium enterprises, and foster the integration with other existing systems. The paper presents our experience on implementing a service-based framework for advanced logistics. We propose a layered organization to abstract physical devices into Web services, which are then used to ease the communication between containers and interested parties. The main ideas behind the framework are discussed by considering two key processes for the management of dangerous goods: the processes of tracking and tracing goods and of alerting public authorities in case of danger situations.
Melody Generator: A Device for Algorithmic Music Construction

This article describes the development of an application for generating tonal melodies. The goal of the project is to ascertain our current understanding of tonal music by means of algorithmic music generation. The method followed consists of four stages: 1) selection of music-theoretical insights, 2) translation of these insights into a set of principles, 3) conversion of the principles into a computational model having the form of an algorithm for music generation, 4) testing the “music” generated by the algorithm to evaluate the adequacy of the model. As an example, the method is implemented in Melody Generator, an algorithm for generating tonal melodies. The program has a structure suited for generating, displaying, playing and storing melodies, functions which are all accessible via a dedicated interface. The actual generation of melodies, is based in part on constraints imposed by the tonal context, i.e. by meter and key, the settings of which are controlled by means of parameters on the interface. For another part, it is based upon a set of construction principles including the notion of a hierarchical organization, and the idea that melodies consist of a skeleton that may be elaborated in various ways. After these aspects were implemented as specific sub-algorithms, the device produces simple but well-structured tonal melodies.
Inflammatory markers in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease patients with different α1 antitrypsin genotypes

Introduction Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) has been recently defined as a systemic pulmonary inflammatory disease, and congenital α1 antitrypsin deficiency is one of the well-established genetic risk factors for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. The aim of our study was to evaluate the possible associations of α1 antitrypsin with inflammatory markers – CRP, sCD14, TNF-α, sTNFR-1, and sTNFR-2 – in patients with COPD with different α1 antitrypsin genotypes. Material and methods Serum biomarkers from patients (n = 355) with COPD, defined according to the GOLD criteria, were analyzed using commercial ELISA kits; α1 antitrypsin concentrations were determined by nephelometry, and α1 antitrypsin phenotyping was carried out by means of isoelectric focusing. Results No significant differences in CRP, TNF-α, sTNFR-1, sTNFR-2, and sCD14 levels were found comparing COPD patients with different genotypes. In patients without α1 antitrypsin deficiency (PI*MM), a significant negative correlation between lung function (FEV1) and serum α1 antitrypsin (r = –0.522, p = 0.03) and CRP concentration (r = –0.590, p = 0.011) was detected. The level of α1 antitrypsin positively correlated with: a) CRP concentration (r = 0.671, p = 0.005), b) sCD14 (r = 0.510, p = 0.008) and c) sTNFR-1 (r = 0.567, p = 0.007). Conclusions In patients without α1 antitrypsin deficiency, the positive association of α1 antitrypsin concentration with CRP, sCD14, and sTNFR-1 and the negative association with FEV1 show the importance of α1 antitrypsin as a marker of systemic inflammation.
Langzeitpotenzierung im Hippokampus: Entdeckung, Mechanismen und Funktion

Zusammenfassung In diesem Übersichtsartikel blicken wir auf unsere Beiträge zur Erforschung der Eigenschaften und Mechanismen der Langzeitpotenzierung (LTP) zurück und beschreiben die wichtigsten Einflüsse auf unsere Arbeit. Wir fahren dann fort abzuwägen, ob diese Forschung ihre frühen Versprechungen erfüllt hat, eine überzeugende Darstellung der synaptischen Grundlage der Gedächtnisspeicherung zu liefern.
Authenticity and the Contradictions of the “Ecotourism Script”: Global Marketing and Local Politics in Ghana

ABSTRACT Tourism in Ghana has been developing rapidly over the last decade. By marketing over a dozen “community ecotourism” sites, particularly around monkey and forest sanctuaries, Ghana hopes to attract travellers to spend money in the country and so aid local development and protect natural resources. This paper analyses this trend, outlining several contradictions in the country’s national branding of “authenticity” in ecotourism and how this takes local shape in the case of the Tafi-Atome monkey sanctuary in Eastern Ghana. We propose that actors on different levels in Ghana appear to market and brand ecotourism according to a “script” that directs and influences local ecotourism practices in ways that obscure these contradictions and thereby enable continuation of and belief in the script. We conclude that this “ecotourism script” is central to the promotion and implementation of ecotourism in general, and needed to maintain the belief that the activity is an important conservation and development panacea.
ORLF: A flexible framework for online record linkage and fusion

With the exponential growth of data on the Web comes the opportunity to integrate multiple sources to give more accurate answers to user queries. Upon retrieving records from multiple Web databases, a key task is to merge records that refer to the same real-world entity. We demonstrate ORLF (Online Record Linkage and Fusion), a flexible query-time record linkage and fusion framework. ORLF deduplicates newly arriving query results jointly with previously processed query results. We use an iterative caching solution that leverages query locality to effectively deduplicate newly incoming records with cached records. ORLF aims to deliver timely query answers that are duplicate-free and reflect knowledge collected from previous queries.
A Fast, Large-Stroke Electrothermal MEMS Mirror Based on Cu/W Bimorph

This paper reports a large-range electrothermal bimorph microelectromechanical systems (MEMS) mirror with fast thermal response. The actuator of the MEMS mirror is made of three segments of Cu/W bimorphs for lateral shift cancelation and two segments of multimorph beams for obtaining large vertical displacement from the angular motion of the bimorphs. The W layer is also used as the embedded heater. The silicon underneath the entire actuator is completely removed using a unique backside deep-reactive-ion-etching DRIE release process, leading to improved thermal response speed and front-side mirror surface protection. This MEMS mirror can perform both piston and tip-tilt motion. The mirror generates large pure vertical displacement up to 320 μm at only 3 V with a power consumption of 56 mW for each actuator. The maximum optical scan angle achieved is ±18° at 3 V. The measured thermal response time is 15.4 ms and the mechanical resonances of piston and tip-tilt modes are 550 Hz and 832 Hz, respectively.
Bioethanol Production from Acid Hydrolysates of Date Palm Fronds Using a Co-culture of Saccharomyces cerevisiae and Pichia stipitis

A two-stage acid hydrolysis was carried out with different concentrations of perchloric acid using date palm frond. In the first stage, most of hemicellulose and crystalline cellulose were hydrolyzed, as well as lignin, which was partially decomposed.In the second stage, the hydrolysis of crystalline cellulose and some additional decomposition of lignin were observed. The combined hydrolysates from the two-stage acid hydrolysis were concentrated by vacuum evaporation to increase the concentration of fermentable sugars and detoxified by over liming and activated charcoal adsorption to decrease concentration of fermentation inhibitors. A higher ethanol yield was obtained with the co-culture of Saccharomyces cerevisiae and Pichiastipitis, than the ethanol produced with a monoculture of Saccharomyces cerevisiae. The ethanol concentration reached 10.32 g/l in 66 h of incubation, with a yield, productivity and fermentation efficiency of 0.45 g/g, 0.16 g/l.h and 88.6%, respectively by using a co-culture of Saccharomyces cerevisiae and Pichiastipitis.
Determination of additive content in polymeric compounds with terahertz time-domain spectroscopy

We present terahertz transmission time-domain spectroscopy measurements on a variety of additive-polymer combinations with differing additive contents. At lower terahertz frequencies, standard polymers are transparent. When processed into compounds, their terahertz properties are distinctively affected by additives in most cases. The materials under investigation are magnesium hydroxide in linear low-density polyethylene, glass-fibres in polyamide, and calcium carbonate, silicon or silicon dioxide in polypropylene. The extracted indices of refraction provide a reliable determination of the additive content of the material combination. Hence, terahertz time-domain spectroscopy is capable of characterising additive-polymer systems and it seems to be a promising non-destructive technique for quality control in compounding processes. r 2007 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
Study addiction among musicians: Measurement, and relationship with personality, social anxiety, performance, and psychosocial functioning

Adverse health-related consequences of perfectionistic over-involvement in work are well-documented among professional musicians. The aim of this study was to investigate a recently developed concept of “study addiction” among students of music academies. Study addiction has been defined within the framework of theory and research on work addiction as a potential behavioral addiction. A cross-sectional correlational study was conducted among 132 students of music academies in Poland. The Bergen Study Addiction Scale (BStAS), reflecting seven core addiction symptoms related to studying, was employed together with commonly used measures of personality and well-being. A one-factor solution had an acceptable fit with the data in the sample of music academies’ students. Multiple hierarchical regression analyses showed that study addiction was related to low extraversion and high social anxiety. Study addiction was related to specific aspects of studying (longer learning time, lower academic performance) and to indicators of decreased well-being (impaired general health, decreased quality of life and sleep quality, higher perceived stress). As expected, study addiction was positively related to learning engagement. However, while the latter was associated positively with psychosocial functioning indicators, study addiction was related negatively to these variables. Furthermore, social anxiety was found to be a mediator between emotional stability/extraversion and study addiction. Moderation analyses revealed that social anxiety was related to a lower grade point average (GPA) only for these students who were high on study addiction. Using a cut-off score based on a polythetic approach showed that 16% of students were addicted to studying. The results suggest that among students at music academies, study addiction can be validly measured and that it has similar potential antecedents and consequences to that in the general population of students. Considering the estimate of study addiction prevalence in this group, further systematic studies among musicians are highly warranted.