Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Contenu généré par les utilisateurs : une étude sur DailyMotion

Actuellement, une large part du trafic Internet vient de sites de "User-Generated Content" (UGC). Comprendre les caracteristiques de ce trafic est important pour les operateurs (dimensionnement reseau), les fournisseurs (garantie de la qualite de service) et les equipementiers (conception d'equipements adaptes). Dans ce contexte, nous proposons d'analyser et de modeliser des traces d'usage du site DailyMotion.
Purification of Active TFIID from Saccharomyces cerevisiae

The basal transcription factor TFIID is composed of the TATA-binding protein (TBP) and 14 TBP-associated factors (TAFs). Although TBP alone binds to the TATA box of DNA and supports basal transcription, the TAFs have essential functions that remain poorly defined. In order to study its properties, TFIID was purified from Saccharomyces cerevisiae using a newly developed affinity tag. Analysis of the final elution by mass spectrometry confirms the presence of all the known TAFs and TBP, as well as Rsp5, Bul1, Ubp3, Bre5, Cka1, and Cka2. Both Taf1 and Taf5 are ubiquitinated, and the ubiquitination pattern of TFIID changes when BUL1 or BRE5 is deleted. Purified TFIID binds specifically to promoter DNA in a manner stabilized by TFIIA, and these complexes can be analyzed by native gel electrophoresis. Phenanthroline-copper footprinting and photoaffinity cross-linking indicate that TFIID makes extensive contacts upstream and downstream of the TATA box. TFIID supports basal transcription and activated transcription, both of which are enhanced by TFIIA.
A Probabilistic Incremental Model of Word Learning in the Presence of Referential Uncertainty

We present a probabilistic incremental model of early word learning. The model acquires the meaning of words from exposure to word usages in sentences, paired with appropriate semantic representations, in the presence of referential u ncertainty. A distinct property of our model is that it continual ly revises its learned knowledge of a word’s meaning, but over tim e converges on the most likely meaning of the word. Another key feature is that the model bootstraps its own partial knowledge of word‐meaning associations to help more quickly learn the meanings of novel words. Results of simulations on naturalistic child-directed data show that our model exhibits behaviours similar to those observed in the early lexical acquisition of children, such as vocabulary spurt and fast mapping.
Sequence Requirements for Sindbis Virus Subgenomic mRNA Promoter Function in Cultured Cells

ABSTRACT The Sindbis virus minimal subgenomic mRNA promoter (spanning positions −19 to +5 relative to the subgenomic mRNA start site) is approximately three- to sixfold less active than the fully active −98 to +14 promoter region. We identified two elements flanking the −19 to +5 region which increase its transcription to levels comparable to the −98 to +14 region. These elements span positions −40 to −20 and +6 to +14 and act synergistically to enhance transcription. Nine different virus libraries were constructed containing blocks of five randomized nucleotides at various positions in the −40 to +14 region. On passaging these libraries in mosquito cells, a small subset of the viruses came to dominate the population. Sequence analysis at the population level and for individual clones revealed that in general, wild-type bases were preferred for positions −15 to +5 of the minimal promoter. Base mutagenesis experiments indicated that the selection of wild-type bases in this region was primarily due to requirements for subgenomic mRNA transcription. Outside of the minimal promoter, the −35 to −29 region contained four positions which also preferred wildtype bases. However, the remaining positions generally preferred non-wild-type bases. On passaging of the virus libraries on hamster cells, the −15 to +5 region again preferred the wild-type base but most of the remaining positions exhibited almost no base preference. The promoter thus consists of an essential central region from −15 to +5 and discrete flanking sites that render it fully active, depending on the host environment.
Generalized Bandit Problems 1

1 The questions addressed in this paper grew out of my work with Jeff Banks on bandit problems and their applications (Banks and Sundaram (1992a, 1992b, 1994)) and owe much to many discussions I had with him on this subject. I also had the benefit of several discussions with Andy McLennan, especially regarding the material in Sections 4 and 6 of this paper.
Assessment of the psychosocial impacts of cochlear implants on adult recipients and their partners

Objectives: In the present study we sought to evaluate the psychosocial and quality of life (QOL) impacts of cochlear implant (CI) treatment on both CI recipients and their partners in a Canadian population. Methods: A qualitative cross-sectional contemporary cohort evaluation was conducted by distributing specifically designed questionnaires to both CI recipients and their partners at their follow-up appointments over a month at Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre. Results: It was found that both CI recipients and their partners demonstrated substantial benefit and improvement in multiple psychosocial domains. Discussion: Musical listening was found to show variable improvements between recipients. Further analysis found a simple correlation where the group of recipients who all had a hearing disability for a longer duration had demonstrated a higher proportion of improvement in musical listening. CI recipients endorsed having improved QOL which was in agreement with proxy observation by partners. Conclusion: Overall, CI use has been shown to have significant benefit to psychosocial well-being of CI recipients. This benefit is also conferred to their caregivers/partners; which in our society concerned about caregiver burden is quite important to recognize.
Contextual Challenges to Teaching Responsibility in a Sports Camp

The purpose of this study was to examine the implementation of Hellison’s (1995) responsibility model (TPSR) by staff at an instructional sports camp for at-risk youth. Through ethnographic interviews and observations, three recurring themes were identified that represented contextual challenges to teaching responsibility: (a) understanding and implementing TPSR, (b) perceptions of respect and disrespect, and (c) issues of control. The camp staff varied in their interpretations and implementations of TPSR, with some emphasizing its empowerment potential, while others were unable to relinquish control. These staff viewed TPSR as essentially a disciplinary device. Some of the staff modeled the same attributes that they demanded of the youngsters, while others were inflexible, authoritarian, and disrespectful. Those who were successful in implementing TPSR as suggested by Hellison used the strategies of teachable moments, feedback, and reflection to facilitate self-awareness and empowerment.
Transfer-appropriate processing in the testing effect

The testing effect is the finding that taking a review test enhances performance on a final test relative to restudying the material. The present experiment investigated transfer-appropriate processing in the testing effect using semantic and orthographic cues to evoke conceptual and data-driven processing, respectively. After a study phase, subjects either restudied the material or took a cued-recall test consisting of half semantic and half orthographic cues in which the correct response was given as feedback. A final, cued-recall test consisted of the identical cue, or a new cue that was of the same type or different type of cue (semantic/orthographic or orthographic/semantic) as that used for that target in the review test. Testing enhanced memory in all conditions. When the review cues and final-test cues were identical, final recall was higher for semantic than orthographic cues. Consistent with test-based transfer-appropriate processing, memory performance improved as the review and final cues became more similar. These results suggest that the testing effect could potentially be caused by the episodic retrieval processes in a final memory test overlapping more with the episodic retrieval processes in a review test than with the encoding operations performed during restudy.
Estimation of a social and environmental accounting matrix

En este trabajo presentamos una metodologia para desarrollar un sistema de medicion estadistico, economico y medioambiental, hibrido, esto es, que integra los datos fisicos de las estadisticas oficiales sobre recursos de agua y emisiones de gases a la atmosfera, con las estadisticas economicas que reflejan el flujo circular de la renta. Este sistema se aplica a la realidad espanola en el ano 2000. A traves de una ampliacion de la logica inherente a las tablas Input-Ouput y a la matriz de contabilidad social, obtenemos la matriz de contabilidad social medioambiental que incluye las cuentas ambientales (SAMEA). El interes de tener esta matriz de hibrida, con estadisticas economicas y ambientales integradas, es doble, tanto por su interes descriptivo como analitico.
An Investigation of Students＇ Mental Models of the Human Body Through Drawing Assessments

The purpose of this study is to investigate students’ mental models of the human body and abilities of translating pictorial representation to textual representation through drawing assessments and interviews. The subjects were allowed to write down their ideas when they were not able to draw it out. Some of the subjects were interviewed by the researchers when they expressed unclear information in their assessments. A total of 53 subjects were selected from two classes of the 7th grade students taught by the same teacher at a secondary school in a rural area of Taiwan. An empty human body diagram designed by Catherall was used. The students were asked to draw the organs and interactive process to answer the question about how a human being obtains energy by eating food and proceeding respiration in the cell. The results demonstrated five different patterns of students’ mental models which due to students’ understanding of nature of human body system, and three different levels of abilities of translating words representation to drawing representation. Misconceptions were also discovered during the process.
Placental transfer and decay of maternally acquired antimeasles antibodies in Nigerian children

Background. In developing countries vaccination against measles virus (MV) is generally administered at 9 months of age, although it is well‐documented that protection of most infants by passively acquired maternal MV antibodies is waning before immunization is given. The purpose of this study was to investigate the decay of maternally derived MV antibodies in Nigerian infants as well as to compare a German and Nigerian cohort of paired mothers and newborns regarding the placental transfer efficiency of MV‐specific IgG and total IgG antibodies. Methods. MV‐specific IgG antibodies were measured with a commercially available MV‐enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay, a recombinant hemagglutinin enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay as well as a neutralization assay. Total IgG values were determined with a standard immunoturbidimetric test. Results. Anti‐MV IgG titers were twice as high in German newborns as in Nigerian newborns. An increased concentration of immunoglobulins transferred via the placenta was found only in the German cohort. High concentrations of total maternal IgG reduced the concentration of MV‐specific as well as total IgG that crossed the placenta. Furthermore only 17% of the 4‐month‐old Nigerian infants were still protected against measles. Antibodies had a biologic half‐life of 33 days and a biochemical half‐life of 48 days. Conclusions. Our findings demonstrate that the decay of passively acquired MV antibodies occurred even more rapidly than expected resulting in susceptibility to MV in most of the 4‐month‐old infants in Nigeria. Furthermore transfer of maternal anti‐MV IgG and total IgG antibodies to the newborn was more efficient in the German cohort compared with the Nigerian group. These findings suggest the use of alternative vaccination strategies in developing countries to possibly reduce the window of susceptibility against measles.
Temporal disorder in human oscillatory systems : proceedings of an international symposium, University of Bremen, 8-13 September 1986

Temporal Disorder-Introductory Remarks By the Editors. - I Theoretical Concepts. - Coupled Oscillators in Health and Disease. - Periodic Signaling and Receptor Desensitization: From cAMP Oscillations in Dictyostelium Cells to Pulsatile Patterns of Hormone Secretion. - Oscillations and the Regulation of Spatial Order in Developing Systems. - Mixed Feedback: A Paradigm for Regular and Irregular Oscillations. - II Neural and Neuromotor Systems. - Strange Attractors in the Human Cortex. - Analysis of the Human Electroencephalogram with Methods from Nonlinear Dynamics. - Studying Temporal Order in Human CNS by Means of "Running" Frequency and Coherence Analysis. - Central Rhythmicities in Motor Control and Its Perturbances. - Neurological Oscillations: Formulation of Mathematical Control Models and Applications to Clinical Syndromes. - Quantitative Theory of Changes in Oscillatory Hand Movements- Application of Methods of Synergetics. - Investigation of Agonistic/Antagonistic Movement in Parkinson's Disease from an Ergodic Point of View. - III Heart and Respiration. - Nonlinear Dynamics, Fractals, Cardiac Physiology and Sudden Death. - Afterpotentials and Pacemaker Oscillations in an Ionic Model of Cardiac Purkinje Fibres. - Causes of Propagation Failure in Excitable Media. - Ultradian Oscillations in Human Blood Pressure: Effects of Age. - New Aspects of the Dynamics of Acute Myocardial Infarction. - Coordination in the Circulatory and Respiratory Systems. - IV Circadian Clocks. - The Autonomous Time Structure and Its Reactive Modifications in the Human Organism. - Bright Light in Work-Sleep Schedules for Shift Workers: Application of Circadian Rhythm Principles. - Disturbances of the Circadian System Due to Masking Effects. - Simulation of the Circadian Response to Time Zone Transitions by a Van der Pol Oscillator. - Circadian Rhythms and Depression. - Lithium Effects on Circadian Rhythms. - Treatment of Chronobiologic Sleep and Mood Disorders with Light: Theory and Practice. - Free-Running Melatonin Rhythms in Blind People: Phase Shifts with Melatonin and Triazolam Administration. - Effects of Pacemaker Lesions on the Temporal Organization in Mammals. - Perturbations of Cellular Circadian Rhythms by Light and Temperature. - V Ovarian Cycles. - Temporal Order and Disorder in a Model That Regulates Ovulation Number. - Index of Contributors.
A Comparative Study of Performance of Different Control Architectures for Reactor System

A chemical reactor is one of the primary components of a chemical industry used for containing exothermic and endothermic chemical reactions. It is used for the chemical reactions which have heating and cooling of one or more than one chemical. There is a need to control the temperature in chemical reactor. In this research paper, a comparative study of performance of different controllers is performed whose primary aim is to control the outlet temperature of the reactor system to a desired value. Time domain and frequency domain analysis of different controllers are analysed.
Describing and Executing Random Reactive Systems

We present an operational model for describing random reactive systems. Some models have already been proposed for this purpose, but they generally aim at performing global reasoning on systems, such as stochastic analysis, or formal proofs. Our goal is somehow less ambitious, since we are rather interested in executing such models, for testing or prototyping. But on the other hand, the proposed model is not restricted by decidability issues. Therefore it can be more expressive: in particular, our model is not restricted to finite-state descriptions. The proposed model is rather general: systems are described as implicit state/transition machines, possibly infinite, where probabilities are expressed by means of relative weights. The model itself is more an abstract machine than a programming language. The idea is then to propose high level, user-friendly languages that can be compiled into the model. We present such a language, based on regular expressions, together with its translation into the model
How tough is toughness?

The concept of toughness was introduced by Chvatal [34] more than forty years ago. Toughness resembles vertex connectivity, but is different in the sense that it takes into account what the effect of deleting a vertex cut is on the number of resulting components. As we will see, this difference has major consequences in terms of computational complexity and on the implications with respect to cycle structure, in particular the existence of Hamilton cycles and k-factors.
Context-Aware Architecture for Probabilistic Voting-based Filtering Scheme in Sensor Networks

Wireless sensor networks are widely deployed and implicitly characterized by stringent energy and computation constraints. Sensor nodes are vulnerable to false positive and false negative attacks that inject false data through compromised nodes. Such attacks cause false alarms with energy drain and information loss. Although several en-route filtering schemes have been designed to detect the attacks, they focus on saving energy through early filtering or continuous delivery of data in accordance with verification records; they cannot exclude compromised nodes. In this paper, we propose a scheme that effectively identifies the compromised nodes and copes with new attacks using a context-aware architecture. In addition, the proposed scheme improves the security strength and energy efficiency of the network. Simulation results validate that the proposed scheme provides energy savings of up to 45 percent and allows fewer attack successes than the existing scheme.
Visual masking and visual integration across saccadic eye movements.

The visual world appears unified, stable, and continuous despite rapid changes in eye position. How this is accomplished has puzzled psychologists for over a century. One possibility is that visual information from successive eye fixations is fused in memory according to environmental or spatiotopic coordinates. Evidence supporting this hypothesis was provided by Davidson, Fox, and Dick (1973). They presented a letter array in one fixation and a mask at one letter position in a subsequent fixation and found that the mask inhibited report of the letter that shared its retinal coordinates but appeared to occupy the same position as the letter that shared its spatial coordinates. This suggests the existence of a retinotopic visual persistence at which transsaccadic masking occurs and a spatiotopic visual persistence at which transsaccadic integration, or fusion, occurs. Using a similar procedure, we found retinotopic masking and retinotopic integration: The mask interfered with the letter that shared its retinal coordinates, but also appeared to cover that letter. In another experiment, instead of a mask we presented a bar marker over one letter position, and subjects reported the letter that appeared underneath the bar; subjects usually reported the letter with the same retinal coordinates as the bar, again suggesting retinotopic rather than spatiotopic integration across saccades. In Experiment 3 a bar marker was again presented over one letter position, but in addition a visual landmark was presented after the saccade so that subjects could localize the bar's spatial position; subjects still reported that the letter that shared the bar's retinal coordinates appeared to be under it, but they were also able to accurately specify the bar's spatial position. This ability could have been based on retinal information (the visual landmark) present in the second fixation only, however, rather than spatiotopic visual persistence. Because such a visual landmark was present in the Davidson et al. (1973) experiments, we conclude that their findings can be explained solely in retinotopic terms and provide no convincing evidence for spatiotopic visual persistence. But the exposure parameters that Davidson et al. (1973) and we used were biased in favor of retinotopic, rather than spatiotopic, coding: The stimuli were presented very briefly just before a saccadic eye movement, and subjects are poor at spatially localizing stimuli under these conditions. Thus, in Experiment 4 we presented the letter array about 200 ms before the saccade; then, subjects reported that the letter with the same spatial coordinates as the bar appeared under it. (ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)
Some Recent Trends of Nonlinear Partial Differential Equations

It is a great honor for me to be awarded the Silver Professorship and to have this opportunity to tell you about some of the central aspects of the research field in which I have been involved. I was told that the readers of this article will be mostly nonmathematicians, including some non-scientists. This is very difficult for me; all of my experience as a speaker or writer has been addressing specialist in a particular research field—and so this will most likely be a dismal attempt. Though I will try to be as non-technical as possible, I will have to use some mathematical language and notation and I apologize in advance (also to specialists who happen to read this article for whom the matters explained here will be rather familiar). My work is mostly concerned with partial differential equations (PDEs). A partial differential equation for an unknown function is a simply a relationship between the unknown and its various partial derivatives with respect to several variables. Like algebraic equations, such a PDE could be linear, quadratic, or genuinely nonlinear in the unknown function. Naturally, nonlinear PDEs are often much harder to understand than the linear ones. So in this research field, we all have problems. few will actually admit theirs to be linear. Before proceeding any further, I wish to note that, there is in truth no central core theory to the subject of nonlinear PDEs, nor can there be. The sources are so numerous and the applications so many that topic is vast and extensively developed. The whole subject seems to be a confederation of diverse subareas, each a study different phenomena for different PDEs by utterly different methods. It is the “nonlinearity” that makes each equation and each problem unique, and one should never expect an all-inclusive theory. On the other hand, one certainly does not want to treat each problem individually and have a collection of unrelated facts and techniques. Therefore, in a technical sense, one always seeks new principles, ideas, and methods that may be applied to at least a class of such problems and PDEs. Looking back, the study of PDEs started in the 18th century with the work of Euler, d’Alembert, Lagrange, Laplace, and others. It was used as a central tool in descriptions of mechanics of continua and, more generally, as the principle mode of analytical study of models in the physical sciences. Indeed, the one-dimensional linear wave equation was introduced and studied by d’Alembert around 1752 to model vibrating strings.
Intelligent failure-tolerant control

An overview of failure-tolerant control is presented, focusing on the control of continuous-time dynamic systems (or plants) whose motions can be represented by integrals of nonlinear ordinary differential equations. Failure tolerance may be called upon to improve system reliability, maintainability, and survivability, and the issues attached to achieving these goals are examined. Robustness, which is required in some degree by all failure-tolerant systems, is discussed. The use of parallel redundancy is examined. Analytical redundancy, the principal functions of which are failure detection, failure identification, and control-system reconfiguration, is also considered. The use of expert systems and neural networks is discussed. <<ETX>>