Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Building an infrastructure for organizational learning: A multilevel approach

Organizational environments are increasingly turbulent, chaotic, and unpredictable thereby creating demands for organizational flexibility, agility, and adaptability (Terreberry, 1968). Organizations have responded to these pressures in a multitude of ways. They have made structural changes to organize work around teams (Lawler, Mohrman, & Ledford, 1995) to push expertise closer to the source of problems, to enable more rapid decision making, and to empower flexible action. They have made investments in information technology to manage Furthermore, they have invested in human capital to increase their collective knowledge stock and capacities (Davenport, 1999). A key theme running through these responses is the need for learning and adaptive capabilities operating at multiple levels of the organizational system. Learning has been specified as a key individual capability that enables adaptation with respect to their capacity to acquire capabilities and to adapt to changes in their environments. Indeed, organization learning, from its early roots in the development of the science of organizational behavior, and particularly over the last decade, has evolved to become a multidisciplinary, vibrant, and diverse area of inquiry. What is organizational learning and how can it be enhanced? The answer from the literature is diffuse. Since its inception as a concept in the 1960's, organizational learning has been very broadly conceptualized across different levels of analysis – often at the macro or organizational level; more rarely at the meso, work unit, or team level; and frequently at the micro or individual level (see Fiol & Lyles, 1985, for a review). Indeed, the particular level of interest is often not explicitly specified and an explanation can wander across multiple levels. Organizational learning has been viewed as informal processes that promote knowledge acquisition (e.g., organizational culture, socialization, mentoring) and as more formal systems that capture and compile such knowledge (e.g., knowledge management, information systems). Moreover, the different and unique ways that organizational learning has been conceptualized cut across multiple disciplines and literatures that tend to be insular. The result is a very broad, fuzzy, and multifaceted concept that has much intellectual appeal. However, it also has limited operational utility so that the question posed at the beginning of this paragraph cannot easily be answered. The conceptual challenge is a multilevel one. The process of learning can be reasonably well defined as an individual-level psychological phenomenon, but it is ill-defined and more amorphous when applied to higher levels of conceptualization. It is rooted in individual …
Topographic control of wind‐driven circulation in the northern Adriatic

[1] Two synoptic wind-driven situations of the circulation in the northern Adriatic were studied using the Princeton Ocean Model over the northern Adriatic Sea (NAPOM). In both situations the basin was driven by a relatively steady wind (>8 m/s) along and across the basin over three days. In the first situation (28–30 October 2008) the SSE southern jugo or scirocco wind blew along the basin, and in the second (19–21 March 2009), the ENE bora wind blew across the basin. Cyclonic turn was present in the first situation, while the cyclonic branch of a known double-gyre circulation north of the strip of wind minima was evident in the second. We show that during the jugo the model does not confirm quantitatively the simple topographic control of a wind-driven circulation, suitable for elongated basins, while qualitatively the model meets expectations, with downwind transport in shallow areas close to shorelines and upwind transport in places with greater depths. During the bora wind, however, the wind-driven circulation in the Gulf of Trieste is well explained by this topographic control (82% of the flux through the transect).
How Can Robots Adapt To A Social Human World? A Study Into The R ole Gestures Can Play In Human-Robot Relations

ii Acknowledgements iii List of Tables vi List of Figures vii Preface viiii Background 1 Gestures Facilitating Communication 1 Nonverbal Behavior and Dominance 3 Gestures and Trust 5 Methods 9 Participants 9 Materials 9 Procedure/Data 10 Experiment 1: Robot needs help 10 Experiment 2: Proxemics 12 Experiment 3: Head nodding 13 Results 15 Experiment 1 15 Experiment 2 16 Experiment 3 17 Discussion 19 Implications 19
Terms of Trade and Supply Response of Indian Agriculture : Analysis in Cointegration Framework

In this paper, we examine the presence of stochastic trend (unit root) and structural break in various agriculture-industry terms of trade series in India. The results suggest that underlying data generating process of terms of trade are most likely non-stationary. We subsequently re-examine the aggregate supply response of Indian agriculture in this light. We investigate the presence of long-run functional relationship(s) underlying the supply response model through cointegration analysis and error correction framework. The multivariate results indicate presence of a cointegrating relationship in the supply response model. The vector error correction estimates suggest that short-run output adjustments are not related to changes in agricultural terms of trade in a temporal causal relationship. However, the short-run deviations in terms of trade from its long-term level create error-correction in the long-term output adjustments through changes in technology (irrigation). This may imply that agricultural growth can respond better if price incentives are combined with investments in irrigation. JEL Classification: Q11, C22, C32
A Parameter Estimation Method for Graph Based Semi-Supervised Classification

Semi-supervised learning have been successfully applied in many applications by the use of unlabeled data to help labeled data in classification. In recent years, graph based semi- supervised learning approaches show great promising. However, the performance of these approaches depends heavily on some estimated parameters for the affinity weight matrix of the graph. We propose a path based maximum effective similarity (MES) method which can estimate parameters according to the path between data points along some low dimensional manifold in feature space. Experimental results show the significant improvements in performance over the existing graph based approaches.
Multi-year objective analyses of warm season ground-level ozone and PM 2.5 over North America using real-time observations and Canadian operational air quality models

Abstract. Multi-year objective analyses (OA) on a high spatiotemporal resolution for the warm season period (1 May to 31 October) for ground-level ozone and for fine particulate matter (diameter less than 2.5 microns (PM2.5)) are presented. The OA used in this study combines model outputs from the Canadian air quality forecast suite with US and Canadian observations from various air quality surface monitoring networks. The analyses are based on an optimal interpolation (OI) with capabilities for adaptive error statistics for ozone and PM2.5 and an explicit bias correction scheme for the PM2.5 analyses. The estimation of error statistics has been computed using a modified version of the Hollingsworth–Lonnberg (H–L) method. The error statistics are "tuned" using a χ2 (chi-square) diagnostic, a semi-empirical procedure that provides significantly better verification than without tuning. Successful cross-validation experiments were performed with an OA setup using 90% of data observations to build the objective analyses and with the remainder left out as an independent set of data for verification purposes. Furthermore, comparisons with other external sources of information (global models and PM2.5 satellite surface-derived or ground-based measurements) show reasonable agreement. The multi-year analyses obtained provide relatively high precision with an absolute yearly averaged systematic error of less than 0.6 ppbv (parts per billion by volume) and 0.7 μg m−3 (micrograms per cubic meter) for ozone and PM2.5, respectively, and a random error generally less than 9 ppbv for ozone and under 12 μg m−3 for PM2.5. This paper focuses on two applications: (1) presenting long-term averages of OA and analysis increments as a form of summer climatology; and (2) analyzing long-term (decadal) trends and inter-annual fluctuations using OA outputs. The results show that high percentiles of ozone and PM2.5 were both following a general decreasing trend in North America, with the eastern part of the United States showing the most widespread decrease, likely due to more effective pollution controls. Some locations, however, exhibited an increasing trend in the mean ozone and PM2.5, such as the northwestern part of North America (northwest US and Alberta). Conversely, the low percentiles are generally rising for ozone, which may be linked to the intercontinental transport of increased emissions from emerging countries. After removing the decadal trend, the inter-annual fluctuations of the high percentiles are largely explained by the temperature fluctuations for ozone and to a lesser extent by precipitation fluctuations for PM2.5. More interesting is the economic short-term change (as expressed by the variation of the US gross domestic product growth rate), which explains 37% of the total variance of inter-annual fluctuations of PM2.5 and 15% in the case of ozone.
Analysis of threats on EPC based RFID systems

Detecting and responding to security and privacy threats on Radio Frequency IDentiﬁcation (RFID) technologies are becoming one of the major concerns of information security researchers. However, and before going further in these activities, an evaluation of threats in terms of importance must be done. We present in this paper an evaluation of threats on Electronic Product Code (EPC) based RFID systems. We analyze the set of threats according to the methodology proposed by the European Telecommunications Standards Institute (ETSI), and we rank these threats in order of relevance. This ranking may be used for researchers and professionals to prioritize threats for future security research on EPC applications (e.g., research on appropriate coun-termeasure mechanisms).
“Trick or treat”: the influence of incentives on developmental changes in feedback-based learning

Developmental researchers have suggested that adolescents are characterized by stronger reward sensitivity than both children and younger adults. However, at this point, little is known about the extent to which developmental differences in incentive processing influence feedback-based learning. In this study, we applied an incentivized reinforcement learning task, in which errors resulted in losing money (loss condition), failure to gain money (gain condition), or neither (no-incentive condition). Children (10–11 years), younger adolescents (13–14 years), and older adolescents (15–17 years) performed this task while event-related potentials (ERPs) were recorded. We focused our analyses on two ERP correlates of error processing, the error negativity (Ne/ERN) and the error positivity (Pe) that are thought to reflect a rapid preconscious performance monitoring mechanism (Ne/ERN) and conscious detection and/or evaluation of response errors (Pe). Behaviorally, participants in all age groups responded more quickly and accurately to stimuli in gain and loss conditions than to those in the no-incentive condition. The performance data thus did not support the idea that incentives generally have a greater behavioral impact in adolescents than in children. While the Ne/ERN was not modulated by the incentive manipulation, both children and adolescents showed a larger Pe to errors in the gain condition compared to loss and no-incentive conditions. This is in contrast to results from adult studies, in which the Ne/ERN but not the Pe was enhanced for high-value errors, raising the possibility that motivational influences on performance monitoring might be reflected in the activity of separable neural systems in children and adolescents vs. adults. In contrast to the idea of higher reward/incentive sensitivity in adolescents, our findings suggest that incentives have similar effects on feedback-based learning from late childhood into late adolescence with no changes in preferences for “trick over treat. ”
On Generalized Branching Methods for Mixed Integer Programming

In this paper we present a restructuring of the computations in Lenstra’s methods for solving mixed integer linear programs. We show that the problem of finding a good branching hyperplane can be formulated on an adjoint lattice of the Kernel lattice of the equality constraints without requiring any dimension reduction. As a consequence the short lattice vector finding algorithms, such as Lenstra, Lenstra, Lovász (LLL) [15] or the generalized basis reduction algorithm of Lovász and Scarf [18] are described in the space of original variables. Based on these results we give a new natural heuristic way of generating branching hyperplanes, and discuss its relationship with recent reformulation techniques of Aardal and Lenstra [1]. We show that the reduced basis available at the root node has useful information on the branching hyperplanes for the generalized branch-and-bound tree. Based on these results algorithms are also given for solving mixed convex integer programs.
Environment , First-Order Abstraction in Multiagent Systems

Current practice in multiagent systems typically associates the environment with resources external to the agents and infrastructure for communication. Advanced uses of the environment are infrastructures for indirect coordination such as digital pheromones, or support for governed interaction as in electronic institutions. Yet, in general, the notion of environment is not well defined. Functionalities of the environment are often dealt with implicitly, or in an ad-hoc manner. This is not only poor engineering practice, it also hinders engineers to exploit the full potential of the environment in multiagent systems. In this paper, we put forward the environment as an explicit part of multiagent systems. We give a definition of the environment that states that the environment is a first-order abstraction in multiagent systems with a dual role: (1) the environment provides the surrounding conditions for agents to exists, which implies that the environment is an essential part of every multiagent system, and (2) the environment provides an exploitable design abstraction to build multiagent system applications. We discuss responsibilities of the environment in multiagent systems and we present a reference model for the environment that can serve as a basis for environment engineering. To illustrate the power of the environment as design abstraction, we show how the environment is successfully exploited in a real world application. Considering the environment as a first-order abstraction in multiagent systems opens up new horizons for research and development in multiagent systems.
Scent Lure Effect on Camera-Trap Based Leopard Density Estimates

Density estimates for large carnivores derived from camera surveys often have wide confidence intervals due to low detection rates. Such estimates are of limited value to authorities, which require precise population estimates to inform conservation strategies. Using lures can potentially increase detection, improving the precision of estimates. However, by altering the spatio-temporal patterning of individuals across the camera array, lures may violate closure, a fundamental assumption of capture-recapture. Here, we test the effect of scent lures on the precision and veracity of density estimates derived from camera-trap surveys of a protected African leopard population. We undertook two surveys (a ‘control’ and ‘treatment’ survey) on Phinda Game Reserve, South Africa. Survey design remained consistent except a scent lure was applied at camera-trap stations during the treatment survey. Lures did not affect the maximum movement distances (p = 0.96) or temporal activity of female (p = 0.12) or male leopards (p = 0.79), and the assumption of geographic closure was met for both surveys (p >0.05). The numbers of photographic captures were also similar for control and treatment surveys (p = 0.90). Accordingly, density estimates were comparable between surveys (although estimates derived using non-spatial methods (7.28–9.28 leopards/100km2) were considerably higher than estimates from spatially-explicit methods (3.40–3.65 leopards/100km2). The precision of estimates from the control and treatment surveys, were also comparable and this applied to both non-spatial and spatial methods of estimation. Our findings suggest that at least in the context of leopard research in productive habitats, the use of lures is not warranted.
Professional collaborations in mathematics teaching and learning : seeking success for all

Collaboration with colleagues benefits every workplace, but in education it is even more essential and a critical factor in improving classroom learning and success. NCTM's 2012 yearbook provides an opportunity and an important resource for exploring a wide variety of perspectives on the nature and design of professional collaborations as they relate to mathematics teaching and learning. The book examines effective elements for successful collaborative partnerships, discusses the role of various stakeholders, and explores traditional and non-traditional methods of promoting and influencing teacher partnerships such as coaching and mentoring.
On the creation of stagnation points near straight and sloped walls

We report the results of an experimental and numerical study of the creation of stagnation points in a rotating cylinder of fluid where one endwall is rotated. Good agreement is found with previous results where the stagnation points are formed on the free core of the primary columnar vortex. The effect of adding a small cylinder along the center of the flow is then investigated and the phenomena are found to be robust despite the qualitative change in the boundary conditions. Finally, we show that sloping the inner cylinder has a dramatic effect on the recirculation such that it can either be intensified or suppressed.
Representation of Multi Resolution Image using Multi Wavelet Transform with Combined 2-D and 1-D Directional Filter Banks

analysis is a design method for most of the practically relavant discrete wavelet transform. Multiresolution approaches provide a powerful tool for image processing. Combined 2-D and 1-D directional filter banks are used for the visual quality improvement and have higher PSNR than the predictable separable wavelet transform. Multiresolution image that makes image look good on all screen resolution. Multiresoution keeps each screen pixel filled with at least one image pixel, upto maximum resolution of the image. Here in addition being proposed multi wavelet transform that exploits the multiresolution image and can efficiently represent the sharp edges of the image. The development in this paper draws the results regarding the multi wavelets appear to excel at preserving high frequency content. In particular, multi wavelets better capture the sharp edges and geometric patterns that occur in images.
A System for Real-Time Measurement of the Brachial Artery Diameter in B-Mode Ultrasound Images

The measurement of the brachial artery diameter is frequently used in clinical studies for evaluating the flow-mediated dilation and, in conjunction with the blood pressure value, for assessing arterial stiffness. This paper presents a system for computing the brachial artery diameter in real-time by analyzing B-mode ultrasound images. The method is based on a robust edge detection algorithm which is used to automatically locate the two walls of the vessel. The measure of the diameter is obtained with subpixel precision and with a temporal resolution of 25 samples/s, so that the small dilations induced by the cardiac cycle can also be retrieved. The algorithm is implemented on a standalone video processing board which acquires the analog video signal from the ultrasound equipment. Results are shown in real-time on a graphical user interface. The system was tested both on synthetic ultrasound images and in clinical studies of flow-mediated dilation. Accuracy, robustness, and intra/inter observer variability of the method were evaluated
On equivalence of ℓ1 norm based basic sparse representation problems

The ℓ<sub>1</sub> norm regularization problem, the ℓ<sub>1</sub> norm minimization problem and the ℓ<sub>1</sub> norm constraint problem are known collectively as the ℓ<sub>1</sub> norm based Basic Sparse Representation Problems (BSRPs), and have been popular basic models in the field of signal processing and machine learning. The equivalence of the above three problems is one of the crucial bases for the corresponding algorithms design. However, to the best our knowledge, this equivalence issue has not been addressed appropriately in the existing literature. In this paper, we will give a rigorous proof of the equivalence of the three ℓ<sub>1</sub> norm based BSRPs in the case when the dictionary is an overcomplete and row full rank matrix.
Group theoretical approach to the relativistic wave equations on curved spaces

The basic principles of generalization of the group theoretical approach to the rela-tivistic wave equations on curved spaces are examined. The general method of the determination of wave equations from the known symmetry group of a symmetrical curved space is described. The method of obtaining the symmetrical spaces in which invariant wave equations admit the limiting passage to physically important wave equations on the flat (not necessarily real) spaces is explained. Starting from the equations for massless particles in the Minkowski space and the Dirac equation, admissible real symmetrical spaces are founded. The mentioned procedure is carried out also for the complex spaces. As the basic point, the wave equations on the flat complex space are considered. It is shown that the usual Dirac equation written down in the complex variables does not lead to any curved space. By " decomposition " of the mentioned form of the Dirac equation the equation leading to the space CP n and being alternative to the usual Dirac equation on C n is constructed.