Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Drastic Reduction of a Filarial Infection in Eosinophilic Interleukin-5 Transgenic Mice

ABSTRACT In order to establish the role of eosinophils in destroying parasites, transgenic mice have been used in experimental helminthiases but not in filariasis. Litomosoides sigmodontis offers a good opportunity for this study because it is the only filarial species that completes its life cycle in mice. Its development was compared in transgenic CBA/Ca mice overexpressing interleukin-5 (IL-5) and in wild-type mice following subcutaneous inoculation of 40 infective larvae. An acceleration of larval growth was observed in the IL-5 transgenic mice. However, the recovery rate of adult worms was considerably reduced in these mice, as evidenced 2 months postinoculation (p.i.). The reduction occurs between days 10 and 30 p.i. in the coelomic cavities. As early as day 10, spherical aggregates of eosinophils and macrophages are seen attached on live developing larvae (always similarly localized on the worm) in both wild-type and transgenic mice. However, on day 60 p.i. , granulomas were found in the transgenic mice only, probably because of the higher density of eosinophils. Furthermore, on day 30 p.i. , young filariae are seen trapped in granulomas, some of them surrounded by Splendore-Hoeppli deposits, which illustrates the release of the major basic protein by eosinophils. The high protection rate obtained (65%) is similar to that observed previously in BALB/c mice following vaccination with irradiated larvae. Both protocols have a common factor, the high production of IL-5 and eosinophilia. However, protection occurs later in primary infected transgenic mice because specific antibodies are not yet present at the time of challenge.
Automated Citation Matching and Relevancy Score Analysis for Scientific Papers

Acknowledging the scientific contribution of previous research work is necessary to ensure a smooth evolution in scientific fields. Citations play an important role in the ranking of authors, journals, institutions, and organizations. Research papers need to contain appropriate citations to previous works. The identification of inline citations and matching these citations to their corresponding bibliographic references remained an open area of research. The inline citation extraction and matching are performed using citation anchor taxonomy and rule-based method. To determine the relevance of citing and cited articles, three similarity concepts are introduced: metadata-based, citation content, and content-based, calculated using the Bag-of-Words model, cosine similarity, and text similarity methods. The in-text citation identification outperformed the F Score of 97% and the proposed method achieved an NDCG score of 0.78. The results show that the automated citation matching and providing the relevancy of citing and cited papers based on both contents and references.
Generating Steering Behaviors for Virtual Humanoids using BVP Control

One of the main challenges on animating embodied autonomous characters in real-time applications is the ability to generate believable behaviors, more precisely, actors capable of moving in a natural and improvisational manner. In this paper we propose an elegant and low cost solution based upon boundary value problems (BVP) to control steering behaviors of characters. We use a field potential formalism that allows synthetic actors to move negotiating space, avoiding collisions, and attaining goals, while producing very individual paths. The individuality of each character can be set by changing its inner field parameters leading to a broad range of possible behaviors. To illustrate the technique potentialities, some results exploring situations as steering behavior in corridors with collision avoidance and competition for a goal, and searching for objects in unknown environments are presented and discussed.
Comparison of Growth Performance and Whole-body Amino Acid Composition in Red Seabream (Pagrus major) Fed Free or Dipeptide Form of Phenylalanine

This study was conducted to evaluate the efficacy of the dipeptide form of phenylalanine as a new source of amino acid in terms of growth performance and whole-body amino acid composition in comparison to the free form for red seabream (Pagrus major). Fish (1.46±0.001 g) were fed four isonitrogenous and isocaloric experimental diets containing 0.7 or 1.4% phenylalanine either in free or dipeptide form. A feeding trial was carried out in three replicates and the fish were fed to apparent satiation for six weeks. At the end of the feeding trial, feed intake of fish was influenced by both phenylalanine form and level and significantly higher values were obtained at an inclusion level of 0.7% and by the use of dipeptide form. However, the other growth parameters did not significantly differ among treatments. Whole-body amino acid compositions revealed no significant changes in concentrations of both essential and non-essential amino acids regardless of the increase in phenylalanine levels or the use of its different forms. The finding in this study indicates that juvenile red seabream can utilize dipeptide phenylalanine as efficiently as free form without any undesirable effects on growth performance or whole-body amino acid composition.
3D Scatterplot Navigation

For 3D scatterplots, we present an interpolation and projection technique that supports the smooth exchange of one or two data dimensions at a time. Even though this exchange can be considered as a rotation in 4D or 5D data domains, we guarantee that the projection to image space is perceived as a 3D rigid body rotation-with a consistent motion of the data points. We conducted a controlled user study showing that 3D rigid body rotations outperform direct transition between scatterplots. We further extend our technique to support navigation between 3D scatterplots by introducing 3D scatterplot matrices. The usefulness of our approach is demonstrated by application examples, including a case study with a natural language processing expert.
Shear forces in the contact patch of a braked-racing tyre

This article identifies tyre modelling features that are fundamental to the accurate simulation of the shear forces in the contact patch of a steady-rolling, slipping and cambered racing tyre. The features investigated include contact patch shape, contact pressure distribution, carcass flexibility, rolling radius (RR) variations and friction coefficient. Using a previously described physical tyre model of modular nature, validated for static conditions, the influence of each feature on the shear forces generated is examined under different running conditions, including normal loads of 1500, 3000 and 4500 N, camber angles of 0° and−3°, and longitudinal slip ratios from 0 to−20%. Special attention is paid to heavy braking, in which context the aligning moment is of great interest in terms of its connection with the limit-handling feel. The results of the simulations reveal that true representations of the contact patch shape, carcass flexibility and lateral RR variation are essential for an accurate prediction of the distribution and the magnitude of the shear forces generated at the tread–road interface of the cambered tyre. Independent of the camber angle, the contact pressure distribution primarily influences the shear force distribution and the slip characteristics around the peak longitudinal force. At low brake-slip ratios, the friction coefficient affects the shear forces in terms of their distribution, while, at medium to high-slip ratios, the force magnitude is significantly affected. On the one hand, these findings help in the creation of efficient yet accurate tyre models. On the other hand, the research results allow improved understanding of how individual tyre components affect the generation of shear forces in the contact patch of a rolling and slipping tyre.
Integrated biosensors for personalized medicine

Biosensors are heterogenous devices, incorporating biological structures combined with electronics, optical or other readout systems. They have been developed for detecting different biomolecules and/or pathogens and represent a key technology for advanced and point-of-care diagnostics as well as patient monitoring. In this paper we present a systematic classification of biosensors described in literature, particularly focusing on nanotechnology-based sensing. Then, we present our approach to develop electrochemical biosensors for measuring metabolites and anticancer drugs, based on a platform for multiple target detection. This platform is modular and achieves a clear separation between the chemical and the electrical components, thus easing design and manufacturing. It shows superior performance thanks to the excellent properties of electron transfer and selectivity showed by enzymes immobilized on carbon nanotubes.
Impossible differential cryptanalysis of LBlock with concrete investigation of key scheduling algorithm

Impossible differential cryptanalysis has been proved to be one of the most powerful techniques to attack block ciphers. Based on the impossible differential paths, we can usually add several rounds before or after to launch the key recovery attack. Impossible differential cryptanalysis is powerful not only because the number of rounds it can break is very competitive compared to other attacks, but also unlike differential attacks which are statistical attacks in the essential, impossible differential analysis does not require many statistical assumptions. In this paper, we investigate the key recovery attack part of the impossible differential cryptanalysis. We point out that when taking the (non-linear) key scheduling algorithm into consideration, we can further derive the redundancy among the subkeys, and thus can filter the wrong key at a rather early stage. This can help us control the time complexity and increase the number of rounds we can attack. As an application, we analyze recently proposed lightweight block cipher LBlock, and as a result, we can break 23 rounds with complexity 2 encryptions without using the whole code block, which is by far the best attack against this cipher.
The intricate link between violence and mental disorder: results from the National Epidemiologic Survey on Alcohol and Related Conditions.

CONTEXT The relationship between mental illness and violence has a significant effect on mental health policy, clinical practice, and public opinion about the dangerousness of people with psychiatric disorders. OBJECTIVE To use a longitudinal data set representative of the US population to clarify whether or how severe mental illnesses such as schizophrenia, bipolar disorder, and major depression lead to violent behavior. DESIGN Data on mental disorder and violence were collected as part of the National Epidemiologic Survey on Alcohol and Related Conditions (NESARC), a 2-wave face-to-face survey conducted by the National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism. PARTICIPANTS A total of 34 653 subjects completed NESARC waves 1 (2001-2003) and 2 (2004-2005) interviews. Wave 1 data on severe mental illness and risk factors were analyzed to predict wave 2 data on violent behavior. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Reported violent acts committed between waves 1 and 2. RESULTS Bivariate analyses showed that the incidence of violence was higher for people with severe mental illness, but only significantly so for those with co-occurring substance abuse and/or dependence. Multivariate analyses revealed that severe mental illness alone did not predict future violence; it was associated instead with historical (past violence, juvenile detention, physical abuse, parental arrest record), clinical (substance abuse, perceived threats), dispositional (age, sex, income), and contextual (recent divorce, unemployment, victimization) factors. Most of these factors were endorsed more often by subjects with severe mental illness. CONCLUSIONS Because severe mental illness did not independently predict future violent behavior, these findings challenge perceptions that mental illness is a leading cause of violence in the general population. Still, people with mental illness did report violence more often, largely because they showed other factors associated with violence. Consequently, understanding the link between violent acts and mental disorder requires consideration of its association with other variables such as substance abuse, environmental stressors, and history of violence.
Task-driven moving object detection for robots using visual attention

Detection of task-specific moving objects from a sequence of images obtained by a camera attached to a moving robot is a complex task. This is mainly due to background motion in the video. This paper proposes a probabilistic object-based motion attention model for this purpose. This model is composed of four components: pre-attentive object-based segmentation, bottom-up motion attention, object-based top-down biasing, and contour based object representation. The object-based attentional competition is implemented by combination of bottom-up saliency and top-down bias maps. The probabilistic distribution of attention is obtained by using Bayesian inference so as to allow uncertainties to be present. The proposed method can directly stand out moving objects of interest, thus the necessity of background motion estimation is eliminated. Experimental results in natural scenes have shown to validate this method even in case of occlusion.
Symptom and joint mobility progression in the joint hypermobility syndrome (Ehlers-Danlos syndrome, hypermobility type).

OBJECTIVES To evaluate progression of symptoms and joint mobility in the joint hypermobility syndrome (JHS) in order to identify specific disease pictures by age at presentation. METHODS Fifty JHS patients (44 females, 6 males) were evaluated by Beighton score (BS) calculation, and presence/absence and age at onset of 20 key symptoms. Incidence and prevalence rates by age at onset and sex were calculated and compared by chi-square, Fisher's exact test and Mann-Whitney U-test. Relationship between BS and age at examination was evaluated by the Spearman rho correlation. The existence of an age cut-off separating patients with or without a positive BS was analysed by the receiver operating characteristic analysis. Influence of age on the single components of the BS was also investigated. RESULTS Except for isolated features, the overall clinical presentation was the same between sexes. In the whole sample, statistically significant differences by age at presentation were registered for fatigue, myalgias, muscle cramps, strains/sprains, dislocations, tendon ruptures, tendonitis, gastroesophageal reflux, chronic gastritis, constipation/diarrhoea and abdominal hernias. A clear inverse correlation between age at examination and BS was demonstrated with an age cut-off fixed at 33 years. Among the components of the BS, spine and elbow joints were not significantly influenced by age. CONCLUSIONS This study confirmed the existence of a protean clinical history of JHS which may be exemplified in different phases with distinguishable presentations. The knowledge of the peculiarities of each of them will help the practitioner in recognising and, hopefully, treating this condition.
A sample of 6C radio sources designed to find objects at redshift z > 4 - II. Spectrophotometry and emission-line properties

This is the second in a series of three papers that present and interpret basic observational data on the 6C* 151-MHz radio sample: a low-frequency selected sample that exploits filtering criteria based on radio properties (steep spectral index and small angular size) to find radio sources at redshift inline image within a 0.133-sr patch of sky. We present results of a programme of optical spectroscopy that has yielded redshifts in the range inline image for the 29 sources in the sample, all but six of which are secure. We find that the filtering criteria used for 6C* are very effective in excluding the low-redshift, low-luminosity radio sources: the median redshift of 6C* is inline image compared with inline image for a complete sample matched in 151-MHz flux density. By combining the emission-line data set for the 6C* radio sources with those for the 3CRR, 6CE and 7CRS samples we establish that inline image radio galaxies follow a rough proportionality between Lyα and 151-MHz luminosity, which, like similar correlations seen in samples of lower redshift radio sources, is indicative of a primary link between the power in the source of the photoionizing photons (most likely a hidden quasar nucleus) and the power carried by the radio jets. We argue that radio sources modify their environments and that the range of emission-line properties seen is determined more by the range of source age than by the range in ambient environment. The smallest inline image radio galaxies have all the properties expected if the size distribution of luminous high-redshift steep-spectrum radio sources reflects a broad range (∼2 dex) of source ages with a narrower range (≲ 1.5 dex) of environmental densities, namely: (1) high-ionization lines, e.g. Lyα, of relatively low luminosity; (2) boosted low-ionization lines, e.g. C ii]; (3) spatially compact emission-line regions; and (4) H i-absorbed Lyα profiles. This is in accord with the idea that all high-redshift, high-luminosity radio sources are triggered in similar environments, presumably recently collapsed massive structures.
Managerial Control versus Professional Autonomy in Organizational Change: Tearing Down the Walls and Fighting Fire with Fire

Abstract Professional autonomy and managerial control do not go well together. This article is a longitudinal analysis of a restructuring process at a Norwegian hospital. The aim is to shed light on the process factors underlying the conflict between professionals and managers in the context of organizational change. Previous literature on institutional change describes the conflict between managers and professionals as a battlefield with potential collaboration at the micro level. Based on the findings, it is argued that a more adept picture is to understand it in the light of a professional system. When challenged by new structures, the professionals in this case sought to recuperate its boundaries. The imposed change ignited a turf war between the different communities. While control may oppose professional autonomy, coordination may oppose professionals' needs to be unique and incomparable. The findings are relevant for future change programmes where managers need to collaborate with professionals.
Detecting Irregular Curvilinear Structures in Gray Scale and Color Imagery Using Multi-directional Oriented Flux

We propose a new approach to detecting irregular curvilinear structures in noisy image stacks. In contrast to earlier approaches that rely on circular models of the cross-sections, ours allows for the arbitrarily-shaped ones that are prevalent in biological imagery. This is achieved by maximizing the image gradient flux along multiple directions and radii, instead of only two with a unique radius as is usually done. This yields a more complex optimization problem for which we propose a computationally efficient solution. We demonstrate the effectiveness of our approach on a wide range of challenging gray scale and color datasets and show that it outperforms existing techniques, especially on very irregular structures.
An experimental study on learning effects on mode choice behavior in dynamic park and ride

This study examines the learning process of users in mode choice behavior through an experiment on iterative trips simulating Dynamic Park and Ride (DP&R) as a new Travel Demand Management (TDM) scheme. The learning process is reviewed by three different analyses: 1) a cross-sectional analysis, 2) a longitudinal analysis using pooled data on experiences in the most recent trial, and 3) a longitudinal analysis that takes into account the cumulative effects of all preceding trials. Findings are summarized as follows: travel times expected by participants have an effect on mode choice, and past experiences as well as the most recent experience also have an effect. The paper concludes with a discussion of the importance of considering learning effects for widespread adoption of a new conceptual TDM scheme.
ANDROGYNOUS PARENTS AND GUEST CHILDREN: THE HUAORANI COUVADE*

Despite the current popularity of the post-feminist motto 'gender is the effect of discourse, and sex the effect of gender' which defines sexuality as erotica and ignores its lifetransmitting function, I argue that there can be no sound theorizing of sex and gender which does not account for procreative sex. I base my argument on a discussion of the way in which the Huaorani Indians of Amazonian Ecuador conceptualize human sexuality as the channel through which parenthood is created and intimate relationships formed. Childbirth rites (known in the literature as couvade) form an essential part of this process. Having reviewed past anthropological interpretations of the couvade and suggested some modifications to account for the androgynous nature of procreative life-giving in Amazonia, I show that social reproduction among the Huaorani is not primarily dependent on predation and warfare, but on the incorporation of the newborn. Returning in the Conclusion to postmodern views on sexuality, I highlight the limitation of analyses of subjective identity which do not address the beginning and perpetuation of life.
CONSIT: a fully automated conditioned program slicer

Conditioned slicing is a source code extraction technique. The extraction is performed with respect to a slicing criterion which contains a set of variables and conditions of interest. Conditioned slicing removes the parts of the original program which cannot affect the variables at the point of interest, when the conditions are satisfied. This produces a conditioned slice, which preserves the behaviour of the original with respect to the slicing criterion.
Ethnic/Racial Differences in Depression among U.S. Primary Care Patients: Cultural Considerations in Screening and Detection

Screening and detection are essential building blocks for prevention and early treatment of depression. Despite their critical role in early identification and treatment, primary care physicians fail to recognize depression in about half of their patients. Because depressed patients of color tend to seek treatment in primary care settings, the need for greater attention to, and understanding of, ethnic and racial disparities in general practitioners' ability to detect cases of depression is compelling. The purpose of this article is to discuss the screening and detection of depression among patients from different U.S. ethnic/racial and cultural groups. Specifically, the objective is to identify within- and between-culture factors that may impact on symptom presentation for African-Americans, Asians, Hispanic/Latinos, and Native Americans, and subsequently on the diagnosis of depression in primary care settings. Implications for the role of allied health professionals, especially social workers, in enhancing the cultural competence of primary care doctors are discussed.