Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Solving Constrained Total-variation Image Restoration and Reconstruction Problems via Alternating Direction Methods

In this paper, we study alternating direction methods for solving constrained total-variation image restoration and reconstruction problems. Alternating direction methods can be implementable variants of the classical augmented Lagrangian method for optimization problems with separable structures and linear constraints. The proposed framework allows us to solve problems of image restoration, impulse noise removal, inpainting, and image cartoon+texture decomposition. As the constrained model is employed, we need only to input the noise level, and the estimation of the regularization parameter is not required in these imaging problems. Experimental results for such imaging problems are presented to illustrate the effectiveness of the proposed method. We show that the alternating direction method is very efficient for solving image restoration and reconstruction problems.
Respect, Cultural Sensitivity, and Communication Promoting Participation by Asian Families in the Individualized Family Service Plan

Jinhee K. Hyun Susan A. Fowler T his article provides suggestions for enabling families with different cultural and linguistic backgrounds to participate fully in early intervention programs. Because Asian Americans have emerged as the fastest-growing ethnic minority group in the United States (Chan. 1992). we have based most examples on the Asian culture. In addition. we recognize that diversity exists within a cultural group. Variables such as socioeconomic slatus, educational level. and length of residence in the United States may affect people's beliefs as much as culture itself. Therefore, each family should be viewed as a unique unit that is influenced by its culture, but not defined by il (Wayman, Lynch, & Hanson, 1990), e hope that this article will lead to a be er understanding of the ways in which cultural diversity can be acknowledged, respected, and valued in the individualized family service plan (IFSP) process. The first step is to enhance our own cultural awareness.
Deprojection of Rich Cluster Images

We consider a general method of deprojecting two-dimensional images to reconstruct the three-dimensional structure of the projected object, assuming axial symmetry. The method consists of the application of the Fourier slice theorem to the general case in which the axis of symmetry is not necessarily perpendicular to the line of sight and is based on an extrapolation of the image Fourier transform into the so-called cone of ignorance. The method is specifically designed for the deprojection of X-ray, Sunyaev-Zeldovich (SZ), and gravitational lensing maps of rich clusters of galaxies. For known values of the Hubble constant H0 and inclination angle, the quality of the projection depends on how exact the extrapolation in the cone of ignorance is. In the case in which the axis of symmetry is perpendicular to the line of sight and the image is noise-free, the deprojection is exact. Given an assumed value of H0, the inclination angle can be found by matching the deprojected structure out of two different images of a given cluster, e.g., SZ and X-ray maps. However, this solution is degenerate with respect to its dependence on the assumed H0, and a third independent image of the given cluster is needed to determine H0 as well. The application of the deprojection algorithm to upcoming SZ, X-ray, and weak lensing projected mass images of clusters will serve to determine the structure of rich clusters and the value of H0 and to place constraints on the physics of the intracluster gas and its relation to the total mass distribution. The method is demonstrated using a simple analytic model for cluster dark matter and gas distributions and is shown to provide a stable and unique reconstruction of the cluster three-dimensional structure.
Parameter Adaption for the Speed-Controlled Static AC Drive with a Squirrel-Cage Induction Motor

The performance of speed-controlled induction motor drives, without a direct sensing of the flux, depends heavily on the accuracy with which the motor parameters are known. They change widely with the temperature, frequency, and current amplitude. With a control based on rotor position measurement and inner current control loops, the rotor resistance is the most essential changing parameter. A method of automatic adaption of the control to the changes in this parameter is presented. The proposed strategy is based on the measurement of only motor voltages and currents and is implemented by analog means. It does not make use of transducers or probes to measure the temperature or the flux in the motor.
Switched-capacitor body-biasing technique for very low voltage CMOS amplifiers

A biasing scheme for minimum supply CMOS amplifiers is presented. The approach exploits the bulk terminals to set the quiescent current of a pseudo differential amplifier, thereby avoiding the use of the tail current source. Nonideal effects of the switched-capacitor network used in the feedback control loop are also theoretically examined. Transistor-level simulations on a design powered with 0.7V show that the obtained performance is comparable to that of a traditional differential pair supplied with 1V.
Regulation of Inflammation by Adenosine

Adenosine, a purine nucleoside generated by the dephosphorylation of adenine nucleotides, is a potent endogenous physiologic and pharmacologic regulator of many functions. Adenosine was first reported to inhibit the inflammatory actions of neutrophils nearly 30 years ago and since then the role of adenosine and its receptors as feedback regulators of inflammation has been well established. Here we review the effects of adenosine, acting at its receptors, on neutrophil and monocyte/macrophage function in inflammation. Moreover, we review the role of adenosine in mediating the anti-inflammatory effects of methotrexate, the anchor drug in the treatment of Rheumatoid Arthritis and other inflammatory disorders.
Lexical-Semantic Representation of the Lexicon for Word Sense Disambiguation and Text Understanding

This paper presents a new model of lexical-semantic representation of the lexicon which is intended for use in word sense disambiguation and semantic representation of text. It is usage-based, and part of it can be created automatically from an electronic dictionary. Although there remains more work to be done, the current model is provided with both syntactic and semantic contexts in which words occur, and thus effective in word sense disambiguation and the semantic representation of text. Drawing on XML technology, and designed in a simple data structure, it would be easy to implement and extend the lexicon computationally.
That Which Does Not Stabilize, Will Only Make Us Stronger

Many places in the world are too rugged or enclosed for vehicles to access. Even today, material transport to such areas is limited to manual labor and beasts of burden. Modern advancements in wearable robotics may make those methods obsolete. Lower extremity exoskeletons seek to supplement the intelligence and sensory systems of a human with the significant strength and endurance of a pair of wearable robotic legs that support a payload. This article first outlines the use of Clinical Gait Analysis data as the framework for the design of such a system at UC Berkeley. This data is used to design the exoskeleton degrees of freedom and size its actuators. It will then give an overview of one of the control schemes implemented on the BLEEX. The control algorithm described here increases the system closed loop sensitivity to its wearer’s forces and torques without any measurement from the wearer (such as force, position, or electromyogram signal). The control algorithm uses the inverse dynamics of the exoskeleton, scaled by a number smaller than unity, as a positive feedback controller. This controller almost destabilizes the system since it leads to an overall loop gain slightly smaller than unity and results in a large sensitivity to all wearer’s forces and torques thereby allowing the exoskeleton to shadow its wearer.
On Decomposing Regular Graphs Into Isomorphic Double-Stars

Abstract A double-star is a tree with exactly two vertices of degree greater than 1. If T is a double-star where the two vertices of degree greater than one have degrees k1+1 and k2+1, then T is denoted by Sk1,k2 . In this note, we show that every double-star with n edges decomposes every 2n-regular graph. We also show that the double-star Sk,k−1 decomposes every 2k-regular graph that contains a perfect matching.
Generalizing Elliptical Slice Sampling for Parallel MCMC

Probabilistic models are conceptually powerful tools for finding structure in data, but their practical effectiveness is often limited by our ability to perform inference in them. Exact inference is frequently intractable, so approximate inference is often performed using Markov chain Monte Carlo (MCMC). To achieve the best possible results from MCMC, we want to efficiently simulate many steps of a rapidly mixing Markov chain which leaves the target distribution invariant. Of particular interest in this regard is how to take advantage of multi-core computing to speed up MCMC-based inference, both to improve mixing and to distribute the computational load. Here we present a parallelizable Markov chain Monte Carlo algorithm for efficiently sampling from continuous probability distributions that can take advantage of hundreds of cores. This method shares information between parallel Markov chains to build a scale-mixture of Gaussians approximation to the density function. We combine this approximation with a recent method known as elliptical slice sampling to create a Markov chain with no step-size parameters that can mix rapidly on many cores without requiring gradient or curvature computations.
Do Omega-3 Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids Prevent Cardiovascular Disease? A Review of the Randomized Clinical Trials

Fish oil is rich in the omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA). Numerous epidemiological studies and several large randomized clinical trials have shown that modest doses of omega-3 PUFAs significantly reduce the risk of unstable angina, myocardial infarction, and sudden cardiac death as well as death in coronary artery disease and heart failure patients. Based on the scientific evidence, the American Heart Association (AHA) has recommended all individuals eat fish at least twice a week to prevent cardiovascular disease. For individuals with coronary artery disease, the recommended dose of omega-3 PUFAs is 1 g of EPA and DHA daily. To lower triglyceride levels, much higher doses are needed. However, more recent randomized clinical trials have questioned the cardiovascular benefits of fish oil. These studies have contributed to the uncertainty health care providers face when recommending omega-3 PUFA supplementation according to clinical guidelines. The purpose of this review is to examine the randomized clinical trials and scientific evidence between omega-3 PUFAs and cardiovascular outcomes to better understand the current role of omega-3 PUFAs in improving cardiovascular health.
The aPKC–PAR-6–PAR-3 cell polarity complex localizes to the centrosome attracting body, a macroscopic cortical structure responsible for asymmetric divisions in the early ascidian embryo

Posterior blastomeres of 8-cell stage ascidian embryos undergo a series of asymmetric divisions that generate cells of unequal sizes and segregate muscle from germ cell fates. These divisions are orchestrated by a macroscopic cortical structure, the `centrosome attracting body' (CAB) which controls spindle positioning and distribution of mRNA determinants. The CAB is composed of a mass of cortical endoplasmic reticulum containing mRNAs (the cER-mRNA domain) and an electron dense matrix, but little is known about its precise structure and functions. We have examined the ascidian homologues of PAR proteins, known to regulate polarity in many cell types. We found that aPKC, PAR-6 and PAR-3 proteins, but not their mRNAs, localize to the CAB during the series of asymmetric divisions. Surface particles rich in aPKC concentrate in the CAB at the level of cortical actin microfilaments and form a localized patch sandwiched between the plasma membrane and the cER-mRNA domain. Localization of aPKC to the CAB is dependent on actin but not microtubules. Both the aPKC layer and cER-mRNA domain adhere to cortical fragments prepared from 8-cell stage embryos. Astral microtubules emanating from the proximal centrosome contact the aPKC-rich cortical domain. Our observations indicate that asymmetric division involves the accumulation of the aPKC–PAR-6–PAR-3 complex at the cortical position beneath the pre-existing cER-mRNA domain.
Economics of Femtocell Service Provision

Femtocells can effectively resolve the poor connectivity issue of indoor cellular users. This paper investigates the economic incentive for a cellular operator to add femtocell service on top of its existing macrocell service. We model the interactions between a cellular operator and users as a Stackelberg game: The operator first determines spectrum allocations and pricings of femtocell and macrocell services, and then heterogeneous users choose between the two services and the amount of resource to request. In the ideal case where the femtocell service has the same full spatial coverage as the macrocell service, we show that the operator will choose to provide femtocell service only, as this leads to a better user quality of service and a higher operator profit. However, if we impose the constraint that no users' payoffs decrease after introducing the femtocell service, then the operator will always continue providing the macrocell service (with or without the femtocell service). Furthermore, we study the impact of operational cost, limited coverage, and spatial reuse on femtocell service provision. As the operational cost increases, fewer users are served by femtocell service and the operator's profit decreases. When the femtocell service has limited spatial coverage, the operator always provides the macrocell service beside the femtocell service. However, when the coverage is high or the total resource is low, the operator will set the prices such that all users who can access femtocell will choose to use the femtocell service only. Finally, spatial reuse of spectrum will increase the efficiency of femtocell services and gives the operator more incentives to allocate spectrum to femtocells.
A surface EMG generation model with multilayer cylindrical description of the volume conductor

We propose a model for surface electromyography (EMG) signal generation with cylindrical description of the volume conductor. The model is more general and complete with respect to previous approaches. The volume conductor is described as a multilayered cylinder in which the source can be located either along the longitudinal or the angular direction, in any of the layers. The source is represented as a spatio-temporal function which describes the generation, propagation, and extinction of the intracellular action potential at the end-plate, along the fiber, and at the tendons, respectively. The layers are anisotropic. The volume conductor effect is described as a two-dimensional spatial filtering. Electrodes of any shape or dimension are simulated, forming structures which are described as spatial filters. The analytical derivation which leads to the signal in the temporal domain is performed in the spatial and temporal frequency domains. Numerical issues related to the frequency-based approach are discussed. The descriptions of the volume conductor and of the source are applied to the cases of signal generation from a limb and a sphincter muscle. Representative simulations of both cases are provided. The resultant model is based on analytical derivations and constitutes a step forward in surface EMG signal modeling, including features not described in any other analytical approach.
Detecting Anomalies in Active Insider Stepping Stone Attacks

Network attackers frequently use a chain of compromised intermediate nodes to attack a target machine and maintain anonymity. This chain of nodes between the attacker and the target is called a stepping stone chain. Various classes of algorithms have been proposed to detect stepping stones, timing correlation based algorithms being a recent one that is attracting significant research interest. However, the existing timing based algorithms are susceptible to failure if the attacker actively tries to evade detection using jitter or chaff. We have developed three anomaly detection algorithms to detect the presence of jitter and chaff in interactive connections, based on response time, edit distance and causality. Experiments performed on Deter using real-world traces and live traffic demonstrate that the algorithms perform well with very low false positives and false negatives and have a high success percentage of about 99%. These algorithms based on response times from the server and causality of traffic in both directions of an interactive connection have made the existing stepping stone detection framework more robust and resistant to evasion.
Finding all the DC solutions of transistor circuits with the thermal constraint

The paper is devoted to the analysis of transistor circuits having multiple DC solutions and offers, for the first time, an algorithm for finding all the solutions of these circuits, considering the thermal behavior of the chip. A feedback between the power dissipated inside the chip and the temperature which affects the circuit parameters and consequently the solutions is taken into account. The algorithm exploits some characteristics expressing power in terms of temperature and electrical analog of the chip thermal behavior. Numerical experiments also show that the proposed approach is efficient for mid-scale practical transistor circuits. An example illustrates the developed algorithm.
Person, Process, Choice: The Psychology of New Venture Creation

Psychology can be distinguished from other behavioral sciences by its emphasis on the behavior of the individual person. Behavior, in turn, is influenced by the way in which the external world is represented in the mind, and by the individual's exercise of choice. The article examines the possibility that relatively enduring attributes of the person might affect entrepreneurial activity, describes the social cognitive processes Involved in constructing representations of the external environment, and suggests which motivational variables affect behavioral choices. Although past research on “the psychology of the entrepreneur” has not been productive, a psychological approach based on persons, process, and choice holds promise for the future.
BIIB021, an Hsp90 inhibitor, effectively kills a myelodysplastic syndrome cell line via the activation of caspases and inhibition of PI3K/Akt and NF-κB pathway proteins

The novel orally available inhibitor of the molecular chaperone heat shock protein 90 (Hsp90), BIIB021, induces the apoptosis of various types of tumor cell in vitro and in vivo. However, the effects and mechanisms of this agent on myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS) cell lines remain unknown. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of BIIB021 on SKM-1 cells (a MDS cell line) and examine its mechanisms of action. The results showed that BIIB021 inhibited the growth of SKM-1 cells effectively in vitro. The treatment of SKM-1 cells with BIIB021 resulted in the inhibition of cell growth through G0/G1-phase cell cycle arrest and induced apoptosis by activating caspase-3, -8 and -9. Furthermore, this study also demonstrated that the mechanisms of apoptosis in SKM-1 cells were associated with the suppression of the phosphatidylinositide 3-kinase/Akt and nuclear factor-κB signaling pathways. Therefore, the findings indicate a novel approach for the treatment of high-risk MDS.
A revised peak detection algorithm and proposal of abnormal heart beat check map

In this paper, a wearable and wireless u-Healthcare ECG measurement system is presented. Pan-Tompkins algorithm is revised and the algorithm's calculation complexity is identified. A revised and simplified R-peak detection is proposed for minimal calculation complexity. An average R-peak detection accuracy of 99.36% is achieved. Finally, abnormal heart-beat check map, AHCM is proposed for first sign arrhythmia analysis. First sign arrhythmia is important because it can screen abnormalities in ECG at early stage. Arrhythmia analysis using AHCM is presented.
A new method for identifying rapid decline dynamics in wild vertebrate populations

Tracking trends in the abundance of wildlife populations is a sensitive method for assessing biodiversity change due to the short time-lag between human pressures and corresponding shifts in population trends. This study tests for proposed associations between different types of human pressures and wildlife population abundance decline-curves and introduces a method to distinguish decline trajectories from natural fluctuations in population time-series. First, we simulated typical mammalian population time-series under different human pressure types and intensities and identified significant distinctions in population dynamics. Based on the concavity of the smoothed population trend and the algebraic function which was the closest fit to the data, we determined those differences in decline dynamics that were consistently attributable to each pressure type. We examined the robustness of the attribution of pressure type to population decline dynamics under more realistic conditions by simulating populations under different levels of environmental stochasticity and time-series data quality. Finally, we applied our newly developed method to 124 wildlife population time-series and investigated how those threat types diagnosed by our method compare to the specific threatening processes reported for those populations. We show how wildlife population decline curves can be used to discern between broad categories of pressure or threat types, but do not work for detailed threat attributions. More usefully, we find that differences in population decline curves can reliably identify populations where pressure is increasing over time, even when data quality is poor, and propose this method as a cost-effective technique for prioritizing conservation actions between populations.
Discarte: a disjunctive internet cartographer

Internet topology discovery consists of inferring the inter-router connectivity ("links") and the mapping from IP addresses to routers ("alias resolution"). Current topology discovery techniques use TTL-limited "traceroute" probes to discover links and use direct router probing to resolve aliases. The often-ignored record route (RR) IP option provides a source of disparate topology data that could augment existing techniques, but it is difficult to properly align with traceroute-based topologies because router RR implementations are under-standardized. Correctly aligned RR and traceroute topologies have fewer false links, include anonymous and hidden routers, and discover aliases for routers that do not respond to direct probing. More accurate and feature-rich topologies benefit overlay construction and network diagnostics, modeling, and measurement. We present DisCarte, a system for aligning and cross-validating RR and traceroute topology data using observed engineering practices DisCarte uses disjunctive logic programming (DLP), a logical inference and constraint solving technique, to intelligently merge RR and traceroute data. We demonstrate that the resultant topology is more accurate and complete than previous techniques by validating its internal consistency and by comparing to publicly-available topologies. We classify irregularities in router implementations and introduce a divide-and-conquer technique used to scale DLP to Internet-sized systems.