Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Dynamic Mode Decomposition Method -application to the Earth's liquid core

In this work I apply the dynamic mode decomposition method to study: first the simple fluid dynamic problem of a flow inside a cavity; second, the flow in the liquid outer core of the Earth. I first present the principles of the method, used in fluid dynamics to decompose a complex and eventually noisy sequence of snapshots into components where we can pinpoint those more physically meaningful. The dataset to study the fluid inside a cavity is obtained using the open source software OpenFOAM. This casestudy is used as a test for my algorithm implementation, since corresponding results after application of the Dynamic Decomposition Method can be found in literature. As for the flows in the Earth’s outer core, two sets of data are used, obtained from inversion of two geomagnetic field models, GUFM for the period 1840-1990 and COV-OBS for the period 1840-2010. The resulting modes of the decomposition are analysed and compared to another kind of decomposition of the same data. Possible explanations for the principal modes are presented and discussed.
Spiral Wrap-Around Technique in the Reverse Radial Artery Fasciocutaneous Forearm Flap for Thumb Reconstruction: A Report of An Innovative Technique

For amputation of the thumb in any age group, microsurgical replantation is the gold standard over other osteoplastic thumb reconstruction methods as it restores the form, function, and cosmesis of the thumb better. In the osteoplastic reconstruction of the thumb, usually, a pedicled groin flap or a reverse radial artery forearm flap is used to provide the soft tissue cover, and each of these flaps has its own set of merits and demerits. The reverse radial artery forearm flap can be used as a fascial or fasciocutaneous flap in an islanded or peninsular form. Using it as a fasciocutaneous forearm flap creates a donor site secondary defect that needs skin grafting, leading to an unsightly permanent cosmetic deformity in the forearm. We report a case of a 25-year-old male patient who underwent post-traumatic near-total thumb amputation following a crush avulsion injury in whom revascularization failed, and we successfully performed osteoplastic thumb reconstruction using the same phalanges as skeletal support and the reverse radial forearm flap as soft tissue cover. We devised a novel but simple spiral wrap-around technique in the reverse pedicled fasciocutaneous flap by rearranging the dimensions, changing the length-to-width ratio to 5:1, and then wrapping this strip of flap spiraling around the bony skeleton with primary closure of the donor site.
Changing characteristics of extreme wet and dry spells of Indian monsoon rainfall

Modeling of extreme events and its dynamic behavior have always been an intriguing topic. Increase in the magnitude and frequency of extreme events has widely been reported in recent decades, which is attributed to abrupt changes in climate. Numerous studies on extreme Indian monsoon characteristics, using a coarse‐resolution data set, have pointed out significant changes in heavy precipitation pattern over India. However, these studies differ in their conclusions, emphasizing the need for a fine‐resolution analysis. The present study aims to analyze the spatiotemporal variations and trends in the extreme (wet and dry) Indian monsoon precipitation, using 0.25° × 0.25° high‐resolution gridded data for a period of 113 years (1901–2013). Significant increase in the maximum intensity of rainfall and spatial heterogeneity is observed over the past half century. In addition, significant negative trends in wet spell durations and positive trends in dry spell durations are observed over wet regions; whereas contrasting trends are observed over dry regions. A shift in the frequency distribution of extreme events during the monsoon period is also noticed. The 50 year return level of maximum intensity clearly shows positive trends over the past century. Though characteristics of extremes are observed to be highly localized, apparent signs of wet regions turning drier and dry regions turning wetter are obtained. A comprehensive insight into different characteristics (intensity, spell, onset, and frequency) of Indian monsoon extremes is provided, which will help in effective water resources management and flood/drought hazard preparedness.
An alternative possibility to equatorial plasma bubble forecasting through mathematical modeling and Digisonde data

Equatorial plasma bubbles (EPBs), or large‐scale plasma depleted regions, are one of the subjects of great interest in space weather research since such phenomena have been extensively reported to cause strong degrading effects on transionospheric radio propagation at low latitudes, especially over the Brazilian region, where satellite communication interruptions by the EPBs have been, frequently, registered. One of the most difficult tasks for this field of scientific research is the forecasting of such plasma‐depleted structures. This forecasting capability would be of significant help for users of positioning/navigation systems operating in the low‐latitude/equatorial region all over the world. Recently, some efforts have been made trying to assess and improve the capability of predicting the EPB events. The purpose of this paper is to present an alternative approach to EPB prediction by means of the use of mathematical numerical simulation associated with ionospheric vertical drift, obtained through Digisonde data, focusing on telling beforehand whether ionospheric plasma instability processes will evolve or not into EPB structures. Modulations in the ionospheric vertical motion induced by gravity waves prior to the prereversal enhancement occurrence were used as input in the numerical model. A comparison between the numerical results and the observed EPB phenomena through CCD all‐sky image data reveals a considerable coherence and supports the hypothesis of a capability of short‐term forecasting.
The Explaimability of Double Machine Learning Causal Inference in Quasi-Natural Experiments—A Study Based on County Panel Sample Data

: This paper focuses on the differences in the application of measurement and machine learning methods when making causal inferences. Newly highlighted double machine learning offers new research methods for policy or intervention evaluation in economic research panel data interpretability remains in doubt. We select the county panel data of Fujian Province, establish a quasi-natural experiment, and adopt a general double machine learning model and a differences-in-differences (DID) model to evaluate the policy effect of the new town policy on the optimisation of industrial structure, respectively. Both results demonstrate that the new town policy has a significant optimisation impact on industrial structure, but the dual machine learning results differ under this sample by the influence of the algorithm's advance selection. The stability test proves that the DID is more stable, and the economic significance is more explained, which is contrary to the premise of the universality of double machine learning.
Reproductive biology and conservation of muriquis

This paper summarizes some of the major findings on the reproductive biology of one group of northern muriquis (Brachyteles hypoxanthus) at the RPPN Feliciano Miguel Abdala (previously known as the Estação Biológica de Caratinga). Long-term monitoring of individual members of the Matão group, combined with non-invasive fecal sampling to measure hormone levels, provide insights into ovarian function, reproductive seasonality, and factors that influence individual and population reproductive rates. All of these parameters have direct applications for assessing the long-term viability of this population, and for conservation of this critically endangered species. These findings were presented at the first meeting of the Committee for the Conservation and Management of the Muriqui (IBAMA), held in Teresópolis, Rio de Janeiro, in October 2002; more recent data have been added or are included in the references.
FORECASTING THE NUMBER OF SPORT TOURISM ARRIVALS IN SOUTHWEST BULGARIA

This paper presents an application of some forecasting methods concerning sport tourism arrivals in Southwest Bulgaria: linear trend forecasting, double exponential forecasting (Holt’s method), triple exponential forecasting (the Holt-Winters Method), and the ARIMA method. A specially designed model for estimating the weight coefficient needed for determining the size of the sport tourism’s sector in the time series of the available data and in the forecast values is presented. In order to test the forecasting methods and produce forecasts up to the year 2030, a time series and past period predictions have been constructed based on statistical records since 1964. Several major problems in the application of the exponential smoothing methods for the purpose of the long-run forecasting and the needs of the sport tourism subsector of Bulgaria tourism industry are addressed. These problems include (a) finding a suitable general indicator, (b) calculating short-term and long-term forecasts, (c) comparing the results of the forecast techniques on the basis of the errors in the forecasts, (d) estimating the size of the sport tourism in Southwest Bulgaria in certain terms so that the forecast(s) of the above-mentioned general indicator could be particularized especially for examined sub-sector and region. The results from the different forecasting methods and techniques are presented and conclusions are drawn regarding the reliability of the forecasts.
Evaluation of the sealing ability of silicon-based root canal sealers; an In-vitro study.

Aims: To evaluate the apical leakage and the adaptability of two silicone-based root canal seal-ers.Methodology: 60 extracted human single-rooted teeth were selected for this study. Teeth were grouped into four groups. Access cavity and canal preparation were performed in all se-lected teeth by crown down technique. Two polyvinyl siloxane-based root canal filling materi-als were used in this study (GuttaFlow [GF] and Roeko-Seal Automix [RSA]). The teeth were randomly divided into 4 experimental groups (15 each): Group I: canals were obturated with GF without any gutta-percha [GP] point. Group II: canals were obturated with GF using the single cone technique (SCT). Group III: canals were obturated with RSA without any GB point. Group IV: canals were obturated with RSA using SCT. The Sealing ability was assessed by clear-ing technique [CT] and horizontal sectioning technique [HST]. Results; With regards to sealing ability, there was a statistically significant difference (P=0.001) between all groups. Pairwise comparison using Tukey HSD test revealed a statisti-cally significant difference between group III (4290.72+1368.21) and the other three groups. Group II showed the least microleakage (2309.18+976.82). With regards to sealer adaptation, there was a statistically significant (P<0.05) difference between all 4 groups at the apical, mid-dle, and coronal thirds of each root.Conclusion: It was concluded that; none of the sealers used completely prevent dye penetra-tion, significant leakage differences were observed among sealers tested and apical microle-akage results showed a moderately strong correlation with a mean percentage of uncoated root canal walls.
Research progress of reservoir microscopic pore structure

Reservoir microscopic pore structure directly affects the reservoir storage and permeability,so the research on reservoir microscopic pore structure characteristics can help to carry out reasonable classification evaluation of reservoir,and find out reservoir distribution law,improve the productivity and recovery ratio of oil and gas.Based on a large number of relevant literatures,this paper summarized and expounded the origin,test methods,theory research progress and comprehensive evaluation of reservoir microscopic pore structure,analyzed the main existing problems in the research of domestic reservoir microscopic pore structure,and pointed out that the research of the domestic micro structure is mainly based on traditional methods,having the problem of insufficient combination with domestic actual geological condition and lack of quantitative research.
Terrain Correlation Correction Method for AUV Seabed Terrain Mapping

A method is proposed for improving the accuracy and self-consistency of bathymetric maps built using an Autonomous Underwater Vehicle (AUV) to create precise prior maps for Terrain-Aided Navigation (TAN), when the Global Positioning System (GPS) or another precise location method is unavailable. This method consists of front-end and back-end. For the front-end, the AUV predicts the measurement of the bathymetry system through Terrain Elevation Measurement Extrapolation Estimation (TEMEE) and calculates the likelihood function using real measurements. After the final Inertial Navigation System (INS) error is obtained by communicating with sensor nodes, the process enters the back-end. A Terrain Correlation Correction Method (TCCM) and an Improved Terrain Correlation Correction Method (ITCCM) are proposed to solve the gradual distribution of the final INS error to each point on a path, and the accuracy of ITCCM was confirmed experimentally. Finally, a TAN simulation experiment was conducted to prove the importance and necessity of map correction using ITCCM. ITCCM was proven to be an effective and important method for correcting maps built using an AUV.
Digital surface model applied to unmanned aerial vehicle based photogrammetry to assess potential biotic or abiotic effects on grapevine canopies

Abstract: Accurate data acquisition and analysis to obtain crop canopy information are critical steps to understand plant growth dynamics and to assess the potential impacts of biotic or abiotic stresses on plant development. A versatile and easy to use monitoring system will allow researchers and growers to improve the follow-up management strategies within farms once potential problems have been detected. This study reviewed existing remote sensing platforms and relevant information applied to crops and specifically grapevines to equip a simple Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV) using a visible high definition RGB camera. The objective of the proposed Unmanned Aerial System (UAS) was to implement a Digital Surface Model (DSM) in order to obtain accurate information about the affected or missing grapevines that can be attributed to potential biotic or abiotic stress effects. The analysis process started with a three-dimensional (3D) reconstruction from the RGB images collected from grapevines using the UAS and the Structure from Motion (SfM) technique to obtain the DSM applied on a per-plant basis. Then, the DSM was expressed as greyscale images according to the halftone technique to finally extract the information of affected and missing grapevines using computer vision algorithms based on canopy cover measurement and classification. To validate the automated method proposed, each grapevine row was visually inspected within the study area. The inspection was then compared to the digital assessment using the proposed UAS in order to validate calculations of affected and missing grapevines for the whole studied vineyard. Results showed that the percentage of affected and missing grapevines was 9.5% and 7.3%, respectively from the area studied. Therefore, for this specific study, the abiotic stress that affected the experimental vineyard (frost) impacted a total of 16.8 % of plants. This study provided a new method for automatically surveying affected or missing grapevines in the field and an evaluation tool for plant growth conditions, which can be implemented for other uses such as canopy management, irrigation scheduling and other precision agricultural applications. Keywords: remote sensing, canopy cover, viticultural management, frost damage, digital surface model DOI: 10.3965/j.ijabe. 20160906.2908 Citation: Su B F, Xue J R, Xie C Y, Fang Y L, Song Y Y, Fuentes S. Digital surface model applied to unmanned aerial vehicle based photogrammetry to assess potential biotic or abiotic effects on grapevine canopies. Int J Agric & Biol Eng, 2016; 9(6): 119－130.
Genetic Similarity Analysis of Japonica Rice Variety from Different Geography Origin in the World

【Objective】The genetic similarity and genetic difference among improved japonica rice varieties from different countries (or regions and organizations) were detected. The aim is to provide genetic basis for breeding of japonica rice varieties. 【Method】 The genetic similarity and cluster of 313 improved japonica varieties from 20 countries (or regions and organizations) were analyzed using SSR marker. 【Result】With 34 SSR primers which were polymorphic and uniformly distributed in rice genome, a total of 198 alleles were detected among these improved varieties with the average number of alleles per pair of primers of 5.8235. RM320, RM531, RM1, RM21, and RM336 have more alleles, which were 16, 13, 12, 10, and 10, respectively. RM320, RM336, RM286, RM531 and RM21 showed higher genetic diversity indexes, which were 2.3668, 2.0041, 1.9684, 1.9508 and 1.7203, respectively. The genetic similarity for improved japonica varieties among different countries (or region and organization) were ranged from 0.279 to 0.918, and the mean value was 0.653. Rice varieties from countries with more different latitude and far geographyposition were clustered separately with lower genetic similarities indexes【. Conclusion】 The results indicated that the genetic similarities indexes among the improved japonica varieties had a close relationship with the geographical position, especially with the latitude.
Universal strategies for enhancing the laser energy loading capability of pulse compression gratings

The pulse compressor has evolved to be a core module of 100 Petawatt (PW) or Exawatt laser facilities; however, the diffraction efficiency bandwidth, laser-induced damage threshold (LIDT), and aperture of its currently deployed gratings strongly restrict the ultra-intense and ultrashort pulse compression. Maximizing the energy-loading capability of gratings is a worldwide challenge in the high-peak-power laser field. Here, for 10’s femtosecond-PW pulse compression, an ultra-broadband gold grating was developed to dramatically broaden the high diffraction efficiency bandwidth from 100–200 nm to 400 nm. Moreover, a core mechanism was elucidated whereby the high diffraction efficiency combined with the deep penetration effect of electrons under high-energy laser irradiation can tap the LIDT potential of metal grating. Accordingly, the mixed metal grating was invented and demonstrated experimentally with superior performance in terms of diffraction efficiency bandwidth and LIDT compared with normal gold gratings. In addition, for picosecond-PW pulse compression, a multilayer dielectric grating (MDG) design paradigm was proposed. Importantly, TM-polarized MDGs had the superiority of a high LIDT owing to the low electric field intensity. Furthermore, a novel grating with a LIDT 3.5 times higher than the conventional gratings installed in NIF-ARC and SG-II was obtained by taking advantage of TM polarization and a small incident angle. These results make a pioneering technical reserve to facilitate future 100 PW-class ultrafast laser systems.
Research Progress on the Study of Chinese Medicine Evidence of Diabetes Mellitus

: China is one of the countries with the largest number of diabetes patients. In recent years, the prevalence rate has increased year by year, and there is a younger trend. The diagnosis and treatment of diabetes in traditional Chinese medicine has a history of thousands of years. This article summarizes the clinical classification, etiology and pathogenesis of diabetes treated by traditional Chinese medicine
Effect of irrigation scheduling and different levels of zinc and boron on yield, economics, water productivity and nutrient uptake in aerobic rice (Oryza sativa)

A field study was conducted during the rainy (kharif) seasons of 2015 and 2016 at Chiplima, Sambalpur, under west central tableland zone of Odisha, to evaluate 6 different micronutrient combinations under 4 different irriga- tion schedules in aerobic rice (Oryza sativa L.). Application of irrigation after 3 rainless days resulted in signifi- cantly highest grain yield (4.05 t/ha) over all other treatments owing to optimum soil moisture and nutrient avail- ability. The highest number of panicle bearing tillers/m2 (375.1), panicle length, filled grains/panicle (108.5) and 1,000-grain weight (26.23 g) attributed to the higher yield under this treatment. It also resulted in the highest net returns ( 30,316/ha), benefit: cost (B:C) ratio of 1.88 and nutrient uptake. Among different levels of micronutrient, an application of recommended dose of fertilizer (RDF, 80-40-40) kg/ha N, P O K O + 5 kg Zn/ha + 0.2% B as 2 5 2 foliar spray (2 sprays) registered significantly highest grain yield of 4.24 t/ha along with higher values of yield at- tributes such as panicle-bearing tillers/m2 (391.1), panicle length (25.52 cm), filled grains/panicle (117.9) and 1,000-grain weight (26.17 g). It also resulted in higher net return ( 30,362/ha), benefit: cost ratio of 1.89 and nutri- ent uptake than all the other treatments. Water use was highest in case of irrigation scheduling after 3 rainless days (91.33 cm) with lowest water productivity (0.43 kg/m3). Out of 6 micronutrient levels, application of RDF (80- 40-40 N, P O and K O Kg/ ha) + 5 kg Zn/ ha + 0.2 % B as foliar spray (2 sprays) resulted in the highest water pro- 2 5 2 ductivity (0.57 kg/m3) owing to higher yield and low water use. However, the interaction effect was statistically non- significant.
Advances in microbial decorations and its applications in drug delivery

Microorganisms are mostly distributed on the surface of our skin and intestines and have crucial roles in physiologic and metabolic processes, such as digestion and immunity, which are closely related to diseases. Recently, microorganisms have received great attention and have been applied in various aspects of biomedicine, especially in the field of drug delivery. However, the application of bacteria has been largely limited due to the intrinsic nature of bacteria, including rapid proliferation, toxicity, and immunogenicity. Therefore, microbial decoration is an attention-grabbing approach to drug delivery by altering the properties and functions of microbial surfaces. Microbial decoration methods are diverse and include biotin-affinity and gene decoration technologies. These approaches can improve the specific delivery of drugs, enhance the stability and controlled release of drug delivery vehicles, and are useful in cancer therapy, gene therapy, and vaccine delivery. Microbial decoration has broad application prospects by helping develop smarter and more precise drug delivery systems and providing more effective and safer therapeutic options for patients. In this review we summarize the research progress in different microbial surface modification methods and the applications in drug delivery, as well as the outlook for future opportunities in this field.