Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Boolector 2.0

In this paper, we discuss the most important changes and new features introduced with version 2.0 of our SMT solver Boolector, which placed first in the QF_BV and QF_ABV tracks of the SMT competition 2014. We further outline some features and techniques that where not yet described in the context of Boolector.
Unrestricted wavelet synopses under maximum error bound

Constructing Haar wavelet synopses under a given approximation error has many real world applications. In this paper, we take a novel approach towards constructing unrestricted Haar wavelet synopses under an error bound on uniform norm (L∞). We provide two approximation algorithms which both have linear time complexity and a (log N)-approximation ratio. The space complexities of these two algorithms are O (log N) and O (N) respectively. These two algorithms have the advantage of being both simple in structure and naturally adaptable for stream data processing. Unlike traditional approaches for synopses construction that rely heavily on examining wavelet coefficients and their summations, the proposed construction methods solely depend on examining the original data and are extendable to other findings. Extensive experiments indicate that these techniques are highly practical and surpass related ones in both efficiency and effectiveness.
Do the exercises performed with a theraband have an effect on knee muscle strength balances?

BACKGROUND In the current literature, exercises performed using fitness equipment and body weight have been used in order to decrease the bilateral deficit (BLD) and increase the hamstring-quadriceps (H/Q) ratio. No studies have previously investigated the effect of therabands, which are both portable and practical to be used anywhere, in regard to the BLD and H/Q ratio. OBJECTIVES The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of several 10-week lower extremity exercises performed through therabands on the BLD and H/Q ratio. METHODS Twenty-seven voluntary male soccer players participated in the study. The players were categorized into the control group (CG) (n= 14) and the theraband exercise group (TBG) (n= 13). Theraband exercises for the lower extremity were performed by the soccer players in the TBG for four days every week over a 10-week period. The dominant (D) and non-dominant (ND) leg concentric extension and flexion of the soccer players were determined through an isokinetic dynamometer at 30∘s-1 and 240∘s-1 angular velocities. The data were analyzed through SPSS 24. To determine the difference between the BLD, H/Q ratios, and pre- and post-test of peak torque (PT), the Wilcoxon test was employed. RESULTS As a result of the analysis, it was found that the BLD for the TBG decreased, which was statistically significant (p< 0.05), whereas there were no statistically significant differences for the H/Q ratio for both the CG and TBG; the D and ND leg H/Q rate of the TBG at 240∘s-1 angular velocity increased in the post-test. CONCLUSIONS It was found that the exercises performed with the theraband were extremely efficient at increasing the PT and decreasing the BLD.
Diffusion kurtosis imaging in patients with locally advanced rectal cancer: current status and future perspectives

Morphological magnetic resonance imaging is currently the best imaging technique for local staging in patients with rectal cancer. However, morphological sequences have some limitations, especially after preoperative chemoradiotherapy (pCRT). Diffusion-weighted imaging has been applied to rectal cancer for detection of lesions, characterization of tissue, and evaluation of the response to therapy. In 2005, a non-Gaussian diffusion model called diffusion kurtosis imaging (DKI) was suggested. Several electronic databases were evaluated in the present review. The search included articles published from January 2000 to May 2018. The references of all articles were also evaluated. All titles and abstracts were assessed, and only the studies of DKI in patients with rectal cancer were retained. We identiﬁed 35 potentially relevant references through the electronic search. According to the inclusion and exclusion criteria, we retained five clinical studies that met the inclusion criteria. DKI is a useful tool for assessment of tumor aggressiveness, the nodal status, and the risk of early metastases as well as prediction of the response to pCRT. The results of DKI should be considered in treatment decision-making during the work-up of patients with rectal cancer.
Improving the levels of essential amino acids and sulfur metabolites in plants

Abstract Plants represent the major source of food for humans, either directly or indirectly through their use as livestock feeds. Plant foods are not nutritionally balanced because they contain low proportions of a number of essential metabolites, such as vitamins and amino acids, which humans and a significant proportion of their livestock cannot produce on their own. Among the essential amino acids needed in human diets, Lys, Met, Thr and Trp are considered as the most important because they are present in only low levels in plant foods. In the present review, we discuss approaches to improve the levels of the essential amino acids Lys and Met, as well as of sulfur metabolites, in plants using metabolic engineering approaches. We also focus on specific examples for which a deeper understanding of the regulation of metabolic networks in plants is needed for tailor-made improvements of amino acid metabolism with minimal interference in plant growth and productivity.
Hormones and Metabolism in Poultry

Poultry are domesticated species of birds. Birds were domesticated for eggs (chickens, ducks and geese), meat (chickens, ducks, geese, turkeys, ostriches, emus, pigeons and game birds) or other uses including feathers (ostriches, ducks and geese), leather (ostriches), specific oils (ostriches, emus), cock-fighting (chickens) and homing (pigeons). Table 1 summarizes the approximate time when and the location where the species were domesticated.
Fire as a large-scale edge effect in Amazonian forests

Amazonian forests are being rapidly cleared, and the remaining forest fragments appear unusually vulnerable to fire. This occurs because forest remnants have dry, fire-prone edges, are juxtaposed with frequently burned pastures, and are often degraded by selective logging, which increases forest desiccation and fuel loading. Here we demonstrate that in eastern Amazonia, fires are operating as a large-scale edge effect in the sense that most fires originate outside fragments and penetrate considerable distances into forest interiors. Multi-temporal analyses of satellite imagery from two frontier areas reveal that fire frequency over 12-14-y periods was substantially elevated within at least 2400 m of forest margins. Application of these data with a mathematical core-area model suggests that even large forest remnants (up to several hundred thousand ha in area) could be vulnerable to edge-related fires. The synergistic interactions of forest fragmentation, logging and human-ignited fires pose critical threats to Amazonian forests, particularly in more seasonal areas of the basin.
Nuclear DNA content variation among Central European Koeleria taxa.

BACKGROUND AND AIMS Polyploidization plays an important role in the evolution of many plant genera, including Koeleria. The knowledge of ploidy, chromosome number and genome size may enable correct taxonomic treatment when other features are insufficient as in Koeleria. Therefore, these characteristics and their variability were determined for populations of six central European Koeleria taxa. METHODS Chromosome number analysis was performed by squashing root meristems, and ploidy and 2C nuclear DNA content were estimated by flow cytometry. KEY RESULTS Three diploids (K. glauca, K. macrantha var. macrantha and var. pseudoglauca), one tetraploid (K. macrantha var. majoriflora), one decaploid (K. pyramidata) and one dodecaploid (K. tristis) were found. The 2C nuclear DNA content of the diploids ranged from 4.85 to 5.20 pg. The 2C DNA contents of tetraploid, decaploid and dodecaploid taxa were 9.31 pg, 22.89 pg and 29.23 pg, respectively. The DNA content of polyploids within the K. macrantha aggregate (i.e. within K. macrantha and K. pyramidata) was smaller than the expected multiple of the diploid genome (K. macrantha var. macrantha). Geography-correlated variation of DNA content was found for some taxa. Czech populations of K. macrantha var. majoriflora had a 5.06% smaller genome than the Slovak ones. An isolated eastern Slovakian population of K. tristis revealed 8.04% less DNA than populations from central Slovakia. In central and north-west Bohemia, diploid and tetraploid cytotypes of K. macrantha were sympatric; east from this region diploid populations, and towards the west tetraploid populations were dominant. CONCLUSIONS Remarkable intra-specific inter-population differences in nuclear DNA content were found between Bohemian and Pannonian populations of Koeleria macrantha var. majoriflora and between geographically isolated central and eastern Slovakian populations of K. tristis. These differences occur over a relatively small geographical scale.
Issues in assessing products for the treatment of hemophilia – the intersection between efficacy, economics, and ethics

Following the obviation of the pathogen safety threats posed by previous generations of clotting factor concentrates for the treatment of hemophilia, the principal issue facing the patient community is timely access to adequate supplies of continuously improving therapies. The application of evidence-based medicine has enhanced the basis of hemophilia therapy, while resulting in some challenges to patient care. Increasingly, the criteria used for the approval and payment of treatment products by regulatory and reimbursement agencies, respectively, are becoming inflexible and unrealistic. This is occurring particularly in the requirements for demonstrating product efficacy. Concurrently, emerging evidence of the interpatient variability in the clinical response to therapy has led to the proposed personalization of therapeutic regimens. Possible impediments to optimal care include competitive tensions among suppliers who seek to gain label claims for reimbursement purposes, which result in clinical trial designs of, arguably, unethical design, carried out in poor countries. We synthesize these converging developments to suggest some changes to the current hemophilia treatment paradigm, which should make it more patient-centric and enable speedier access to new therapies.
Right Angled Artin Groups and partial commutation, old and new

We compute the $p$-central and exponent-$p$ series of all right angled Artin groups, and compute the dimensions of their subquotients. We also describe their associated Lie algebras, and relate them to the cohomology ring of the group as well as to a partially commuting polynomial ring and power series ring. We finally show how the growth series of these various objects are related to each other.
Unclassified drug overdose deaths in the opioid crisis: emerging patterns of inequity

OBJECTIVE Examine whether individual, geographic, and economic phenotypes predict missing data on specific drug involvement in overdose deaths, manifesting inequities in overdose mortality data, which is a key data source used in measuring the opioid epidemic. MATERIALS AND METHODS We combined national data sources (mortality, demographic, economic, and geographic) from 2014-2016 in a multi-method analysis of missing drug classification in the overdose mortality records (as defined by the use of ICD-10 T50.9 on death certificates). We examined individual disparities in decedent-level multivariate logistic regression models, geographic disparities in spatial analysis (heat maps), and economic disparities in a combination of temporal trend analyses (descriptive statistics) and both decedent- and county-level multivariate logistic regression models. RESULTS Our analyses consistently found higher rates of unclassified overdoses in decedents of female gender, White race, non-Hispanic ethnicity, with college education, aged 30-59 and those from poorer counties. Despite the fact that unclassified drug overdose death rates have reduced over time, gaps persist between the richest and poorest counties. There are also striking geographic differences both across and within states. DISCUSSION Given the essential role of mortality data in measuring the scale of the opioid epidemic, it is important to understand the individual and community inequities underlying the missing data on specific drug involvements. Knowledge of these inequities could enhance our understanding of the opioid crisis and inform data-driven interventions and policies with more equitable resource allocations. CONCLUSION Multiple individual, geographic, and economic disparities underlie unclassified overdose deaths, with important implications for public health informatics and addressing the opioid crisis.
Context-Aware, Accurate, and Real Time Fall Detection System for Elderly People

With all these smart devices around us, and the spread of the Internet and emerging technologies, our life became easier and busier. The un-controlled excessive use of the mobile applications and social media made many of the people around the world feel they are alone, and socializing with electronic devices rather than human beings. This problem is more sever when it comes to the elderly people who are already in excessive need for healthcare and socializing. In this research, we present a Context-aware and private real-time fall detection system (FDS) for elderly people. The proposed system consists of sensor pad placed under a carpet; the electronics reads walking activity to provide an automated health monitoring and alert system. We extended the functionalities of the smart carpet to improve its ability to detect falls, alert health care personnel, by providing a real-time, long-term access, and monitoring event system. The sensed data is stored in the cloud, and analyzed using data mining tools to enhance the system accuracy in detecting falls and monitor elderly people activities. The user can obtain these results and make decisions by accessing the cloud through his/her mobile devices and in real time manner. Results showed that our system detects falls using computational intelligence techniques with 96.2% accuracy, 95% sensitivity and 85% Specificity.
Non‐psychoactive CB2 cannabinoid agonists stimulate neural progenitor proliferation

Cannabinoids, the active components of marijuana and their endogenous counterparts, act on the brain and many other organs through the widely expressed CB1 cannabinoid receptor. In contrast, the CB2 cannabinoid receptor is abundant in the immune system and shows a restricted expression pattern in brain cells. CB2‐selective agonists are, therefore, very attractive therapeutic agents as they do not cause CB1‐mediated psychoactive effects. CB2 receptor expression in brain has been partially examined in differentiated cells, while its presence and function in neural progenitor cells remain unknown. Here we show that the CB2 receptor is expressed, both in vitro and in vivo, in neural progenitors from late embryonic stages to adult brain. Selective pharmacological activation of the CB2 receptor in vitro promotes neural progenitor cell proliferation and neurosphere generation, an action that is impaired in CB2‐deficient cells. Accordingly, in vivo experiments evidence that hippocampal progenitor proliferation is increased by administration of the CB2‐selective agonist HU‐308. Moreover, impaired progenitor proliferation was observed in CB2‐deficient mice both in normal conditions and on kainate‐induced excitotoxicity. These findings provide a novel physiological role for the CB2 cannabinoid receptor and open a novel therapeutic avenue for manipulating neural progenitor cell fate. —Palazuelos, J., Aguado, T. , Egia, A. , Mechoulam, R. , Guzmán, M. , Galve‐Roperh, I. Non‐psychoactive CB2 cannabinoid agonists stimulate neural progenitor proliferation. FASEB J. 20, E1773–E1779 (2006)
Efficiency in Truthful Auctions via a Social Network

In this paper, we study efficiency in truthful auctions via a social network, where a seller can only spread the information of an auction to the buyers through the buyers' network. In single-item auctions, we show that no mechanism is strategy-proof, individually rational, efficient, and weakly budget balanced. In addition, we propose $\alpha$-APG mechanisms, a class of mechanisms which operate a trade-off between efficiency and weakly budget balancedness. In multi-item auctions, there already exists a strategy-proof mechanism when all buyers need only one item. However, we indicate a counter-example to strategy-proofness in this mechanism, and to the best of our knowledge, the question of finding a strategy-proof mechanism remains open. We assume that all buyers have decreasing marginal utility and propose a generalized APG mechanism that is strategy-proof and individually rational but not efficient. Importantly, we show that this mechanism achieves the largest efficiency measure among all strategy-proof mechanisms.
Impact of Early High-protein Diet on Neurofunctional Recovery in Rats with Ischemic Stroke

Background Ischemic stroke, featuring high incidence, morbidity, and mortality, is one of the three major diseases troubling human beings. The purpose of the study was to examine the impact of early high-protein diet on neurofunctional recovery in rats with ischemic stroke as well as their cerebral infarct areas and molecular expressions of oxidative stress. Material/Methods The middle cerebral artery occlusion model (MCAO) was established, and 48 adult, male Sprague Dawley (SD) rats of clean grade aged seven to eight months (250–280 g body weight) were randomized into four groups: the MCAO group with high-protein diet (MH), the MCAO group with standard-protein diet (MS), the sham group with high-protein diet (SH), and the sham group with standard-protein diet (SS). High-protein diet intervention started on the first day of the surgery, and the rats’ body weights and their neurological deficit scores were measured on each postoperative day while the scores of motors coordination and balance ability were recorded every other day. In addition, their cerebral infant areas and the molecular expressions of oxidative stress injuries were detected as well. Results Compared to the MS group, the rats in the MH group gained faster weight growth (p<0.05), presented significantly lower neurological impairment scores (p<0.05), remarkably improved motor coordination and balance ability (p<0.05) as well as showed smaller cerebral infarct areas (p<0.05), increased expression of SOD (superoxide dismutase), and reduced expressions of MDA (malondialdehyde) and iNOS (inducible nitric oxide synthase). However, there was no significant difference between the SS group and the SH group (p>0.05). Conclusions Early high-protein diet facilitates the recovery of body weights and neurological functions as well the reduction of the cerebral infarct areas of rats, thus alleviating ischemic stroke-caused oxidative stress injuries.
Tensor Methods for Minimizing Functions with H\"{o}lder Continuous Higher-Order Derivatives

In this paper we study $p$-order methods for unconstrained minimization of convex functions that are $p$-times differentiable with $\nu$-Holder continuous $p$th derivatives. We propose tensor schemes with and without acceleration. For the schemes without acceleration, we establish iteration complexity bounds of $\mathcal{O}\left(\epsilon^{-1/(p+\nu-1)}\right)$ for reducing the functional residual below a given $\epsilon\in (0,1)$. Assuming that $\nu$ is know, we obtain an improved complexity bound of $\mathcal{O}\left(\epsilon^{-1/(p+\nu)}\right)$ for the corresponding accelerated scheme. For the case in which $\nu$ is unknown, we present a universal accelerated tensor scheme with iteration complexity of $\mathcal{O}\left(\epsilon^{-p/[(p+1)(p+\nu-1)]}\right)$. A lower complexity bound of $\mathcal{O}\left(\epsilon^{-2/[3(p+\nu)-2]}\right)$ is also obtained for this problem class.
A brief measure of predeath grief in dementia caregivers: the Caregiver Grief Questionnaire

ABSTRACT Objective: The study of predeath grief is hampered by measures that are often lengthy and not clearly differentiated from other caregiving outcomes, most notably burden. We aimed to validate a new 11-item Caregiver Grief Questionnaire (CGQ) assessing two dimensions of predeath grief, namely relational deprivation and emotional pain. Design: Cross-sectional survey. Setting: Community and psychogeriatric clinics. Participants: 173 Alzheimer (AD) caregivers who cared for relatives with different degrees of severity (63 mild, 60 moderate, and 50 severe). Measurements: Besides the CGQ, measures of caregiver burden and depressive symptoms, and care-recipients’ neuropsychiatric symptoms and functional impairment were assessed. Results: Confirmatory factor analysis supported the hypothesized 2-factor over the 1-factor model, and both subscales were only moderately correlated with burden. Two-week test-retest reliabilities were excellent. Caregivers for mild AD reported less grief than those caring for more severe relatives. Z tests revealed significantly different correlational patterns for the two dimensions, with emotional pain more related to global burden and depressive symptoms, and relational deprivation more related to care-recipients’ functional impairment. Both dimensions were mildly correlated with neuropsychiatric symptoms (especially disruptive behaviors and psychotic symptoms) of the care-recipient. Conclusions: Results supported the reliability and validity of the two-dimensional measure of predeath grief. As a brief measure, it can be readily added to research instruments to facilitate study of this important phenomenon along with other caregiving outcomes.
A Query Language for Data Access in Ubiquitous Environments

Recent progress in ubiquitous computing technology is allowing development of new and so- phisticated applications that are now able to store very large data on the mobile device itself, besides access data stored remotely. Thus emerges the need to query and maintain data from portable equipments. However, traditional query languages such as SQL (Structure Query Lan- guage) and QbE (Query by Example) are inadequate for devices with small screens. Hence, this work presents QbZ (Query by Zoom), a query language based on Semantic Zoom for small-screen devices. The proposed mechanism is particularly suitable to locate and access data stored in portable equipments. In order to demonstrate the benefits of using QbZ, usability tests were conducted, as well as a comparative analysis with the existing solutions.