Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Predictors of Full Enteral Feeding Achievement in Very Low Birth Weight Infants

Background To elucidate the role of prenatal, neonatal and early postnatal variables in influencing the achievement of full enteral feeding (FEF) in very low birth weight (VLBW) infants and to determine whether neonatal intensive care units (NICUs) differ in this outcome. Methods Population-based retrospective cohort study using data on 1,864 VLBW infants drawn from the “Emilia-Romagna Perinatal Network” Registry from 2004 to 2009. The outcome of interest was time to FEF achievement. Eleven prenatal, neonatal and early postnatal variables and the study NICUs were selected as potential predictors of time to FEF. Parametric survival analysis was used to model time to FEF as a function of the predictors. Marginal effects were used to obtain adjusted estimates of median time to FEF for specific subgroups of infants. Results Lower gestational age, exclusive formula feeding, higher CRIB II score, maternal hypertension, cesarean delivery, SGA and PDA predicted delayed FEF. NICUs proved to be heterogeneous in terms of FEF achievement. Newborns with PDA had a 4.2 days longer predicted median time to FEF compared to those without PDA; newborns exclusively formula-fed had a 1.4 days longer time to FEF compared to those fed human milk. Conclusions The results of our study suggest that time to FEF is influenced by clinical variables and NICU-specific practices. Knowledge of the variables associated with delayed/earlier FEF achievement could help in improving specific aspects of routine clinical management of VLBW infants and to reduce practice variability.
Exploring the northern limit of the distribution of Saccharomyces cerevisiae and Saccharomyces paradoxus in North America.

We examined the northern limit of Saccharomyces cerevisiae and Saccharomyces paradoxus in northeast America. We collected 876 natural samples at 29 sites and applied enrichment methods for the isolation of mesophilic yeasts. We uncovered a large diversity of yeasts, in some cases, associated with specific substrates. Sequencing of the ITS1, 5.8S and ITS2 loci allowed to assign 226 yeast strains at the species level, including 41 S. paradoxus strains. Our intensive sampling suggests that if present, S. cerevisiae is rare at these northern latitudes. Our sampling efforts spread across several months of the year revealed that successful sampling increases throughout the summer and diminishes significantly at the beginning of the fall. The data obtained on the ecological context of yeasts corroborate what was previously reported on Pichiaceae, Saccharomycodaceae, Debaryomycetaceae and Phaffomycetaceae yeast families. We identified 24 yeast isolates that could not be assigned to any known species and that may be of taxonomic, medical, or biotechnological importance. Our study reports new data on the taxonomic diversity of yeasts and new resources for studying the evolution and ecology of S. paradoxus.
STUDY BETWEEN NEUROPHYSIOLOGICAL ASPECTS ANDREGULATION DOCUMENTS IN PRIMARY SCHOOL IN ITALY

In recent years Italian primary school, as called in the past time elementary school, that goes between 5 years old to 10, has been updated in the ministerial documents relating to the educational activities. At the same time, recent discoveries about the brain have changed the scientific bases on which are based educational psycho-pedagogy theories concerning movement learning on motor control system such as closed loop, open loop and motor imagery. The purpose of this work is to identify into the ministerial documents regarding the educational activities such as aspects of psycho-pedagogy in the field of body and movement research that relates to neurological and scientific discoveries on motor control and movement learning. The method of research is mixed: theoretical-argumentative approach about scientific paradigms regarding the motor learning in the early years of life and historical-documentary one about the ministerial documents relating to the teaching activities. The results did not carry out particular aspects of education and didactics that can be connected to the new neuro-scientific theories and suggest to update them. All ministerial documents published do not provide any reference to recent discoveries related to the theory of movement and to correlate these according to didactics of motor activities. It may be useful to deepen further the study and deliver the results to the governmental Experts for the necessary updates to fill up the vacuum.
ALGEBRAIC KAN EXTENSIONS IN DOUBLE CATEGORIES

We study Kan extensions in three weakenings of the Eilenberg-Moore dou- ble category associated to a double monad, that was introduced by Grandis and Par e. To be precise, given a normal oplax double monad T on a double categoryK, we consider the double categories consisting of pseudo T -algebras, 'weak' vertical T -morphisms, hor- izontal T -morphisms and T -cells, where 'weak' means either 'lax', 'colax' or 'pseudo'. Denoting these double categories by Algw(T ), where w = l, c or ps accordingly, our main result gives, in each of these cases, conditions ensuring that (pointwise) Kan extensions can be lifted along the forgetful double functor Algw(T ) ! K. As an application we recover and generalise a result by Getzler, on the lifting of pointwise left Kan extensions along symmetric monoidal enriched functors. As an application of Getzler's result we prove, in suitable symmetric monoidal categories, the existence of bicommutative Hopf monoids that are freely generated by cocommutative comonoids.
TFluxSCC: a case study for exploiting performance in future many-core systems

The number of computational units integrated in a single processor is rapidly increasing. This suggests that applications will require efficient and effective ways to exploit the parallelism to achieve the performance offered by large-scale multicore processors. The efficient parallelization of the applications relies on the programming and execution models. On the one hand, the programming model must address the effort needed to extract parallelism for such processors. On the other hand, the execution model must handle the high levels of parallelism from the applications while efficiently exploiting the resources of the processors. In this work we use the Data-Flow model to achieve high levels of parallelism in an effort to scale the performance on the 48-core Intel Single-chip Cloud Computing (SCC) processor. We propose TFluxSCC, a software platform for execution of Data-Flow applications on the Intel SCC processor. TFluxSCC is based on the TFlux Data-Driven Multithreading (DDM) platform that was developed for commodity multicore systems. What we propose in this work is an efficient implementation of the DDM model on a clustered many-core that is used as a case study to achieve high degree of parallelism. With TFluxSCC we achieve scalable performance in a cluster of many simple cores using global address space without the need of cache-coherency support. Our scalability study shows that applications can scale, with speedup results ranging from 30x to 48x for 48 cores. The findings of this work provide insight towards what a Data-Flow implementation requires from many-cores and what it can offer to these processors in order to scale the performance.
Location-dependent di ! erences between somatic and dendritic IPSPs q

Recent experimental evidence suggests that inhibitory synapses are associated with di! erent actions depending upon their location (Miles et al., Neuron 16 (1996) 815}823). We investigated that question of whether this e! ect is due to di! erent subspecies of GABA A receptors giving rise to distinct responses (Pearce, Neuron 10 (1993) 189}20) or cable "ltering by the dendritic tree. The e! ects of electrotonic "ltering on GABA A receptor mediated IPSPs were studied in hippocampal pyramidal cells. We implemented two models with di! erent morphologies where these di! erences could be explained by electrotonic "ltering alone. Our parameter search resulted in realistic passive cell models where the dependence of electrotonic attenuation on morphological distance agreed with that seen in reconstructed cells. ( 1999 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved.
Acrolein and Asthma Attack Prevalence in a Representative Sample of the United States Adult Population 2000 – 2009

Background Acrolein is an air toxic and highly potent respiratory irritant. There is little epidemiology available, but US EPA estimates that outdoor acrolein is responsible for about 75 percent of non-cancer respiratory health effects attributable to air toxics in the United States, based on the Agency's 2005 NATA (National-Scale Air Toxics Assessment) and acrolein's comparatively potent inhalation reference concentration of 0.02 µg/m3. Objectives Assess the association between estimated outdoor acrolein exposure and asthma attack reported by a representative cross-sectional sample of the adult United States population. Methods NATA 2005 chronic outdoor acrolein exposure estimates at the census tract were linked with residences oif adults (≥18 years old) in the NHIS (National Health Interview Survey) 2000 – 2009 (n = 271,348 subjects). A sample-weighted logistic regression model characterized the association between the prevalence of reporting at least one asthma attack in the 12 months prior to survey interview and quintiles of exposure to outdoor acrolein, controlling for potential confounders. Results In the highest quintile of outdoor acrolein exposure (0.05 – 0.46 µg/m3), there was a marginally significant increase in the asthma attack pOR (prevalence-odds ratio [95% CI] = 1.08 [0.98∶1.19]) relative to the lowest quintile. The highest quintile was also associated with a marginally significant increase in prevalence-odds (1.13 [0.98∶1.29]) in a model limited to never smokers (n = 153,820). Conclusions Chronic exposure to outdoor acrolein of 0.05 – 0.46 µg/m3 appears to increase the prevalence-odds of having at least one asthma attack in the previous year by 8 percent in a representative cross-sectional sample of the adult United States population.
embCAB sequence variation among ethambutol-resistant Mycobacterium tuberculosis isolates without embB306 mutation.

OBJECTIVES Mechanisms of resistance to ethambutol in Mycobacterium tuberculosis remain inadequately described. Although there is mounting evidence that mutations of codon 306 in embB play a key role, a significant number of phenotypically ethambutol-resistant strains do not carry mutations in this codon. Here, other mutations in the embCAB operon are suggested to be involved in resistance development. METHODS The entire embCAB operon ( approximately 10 kb) was analysed in 34 phenotypically ethambutol-resistant M. tuberculosis strains without mutations in embB306 and in 12 ethambutol-susceptible strains. Furthermore, 106 control strains were investigated for the presence of particular mutations only. RESULTS Overall, 18 non-synonymous mutations in 15 distinct codons of the embCAB operon were identified in ethambutol-resistant strains but not in ethambutol-susceptible isolates. The majority occurred in the embB gene (10 distinct codons), in a 570 bp region also encompassing embB306. Mutations in embC and embA were found rarely and in most cases in combination with polymorphisms in embB. One synonymous mutation (embA 228 bp) and two non-synonymous mutations (embCVal981Leu and embCArg738Gln) were found in ethambutol-susceptible strains as well as resistant strains and were confirmed to represent phylogenetic markers for strains of the Beijing, Haarlem and Delhi/CAS genotypes, respectively. CONCLUSIONS Besides mutations in embB306, mutations in embB406 and embB497 were confirmed as hot spots for genomic variation in ethambutol-resistant clinical isolates. Of all resistant strains 70.6% carry a mutation in a relatively short region in embB, which therefore represents a promising target for inclusion in molecular assays for rapid detection of ethambutol resistance.
Common Variants in Maturity-Onset Diabetes of the Young Genes Contribute to Risk of Type 2 Diabetes in Finns

Prior reports have suggested that variants in the genes for maturity-onset diabetes of the young (MODY) may confer susceptibility to type 2 diabetes, but results have been conflicting and coverage of the MODY genes has been incomplete. To complement our previous studies of HNF4A, we examined the other five known MODY genes for association with type 2 diabetes in Finnish individuals. For each of the five genes, we selected 1) nonredundant single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) (r2< 0.8 with other SNPs) from the HapMap database or another linkage disequilibrium map, 2) SNPs with previously reported type 2 diabetes association, and 3) nonsynonymous coding SNPs. We tested 128 SNPs for association with type 2 diabetes in 786 index cases from type 2 diabetic families and 619 normal glucose-tolerant control subjects. We followed up 35 of the most significant SNPs by genotyping them on another 384 case subjects and 366 control subjects from Finland. We also supplemented our previous HNF4A results by genotyping 12 SNPs on additional Finnish samples. After correcting for testing multiple correlated SNPs within a gene, we find evidence of type 2 diabetes association with SNPs in five of the six known MODY genes: GCK, HNF1A, HNF1B, NEUROD1, and HNF4A. Our data suggest that common variants in several MODY genes play a modest role in type 2 diabetes susceptibility.
Using the ‘Expert Performance Approach’ as a Framework for Examining and Enhancing Skill Learning: Improving Understanding of How Experts Learn

The expert performance approach is reviewed as a systematic framework for the study of expertise. Its potential as a framework for the study of how experts learn is presented. The need to develop representative tasks to capture learning is discussed, as is the need to employ process-tracing measures during acquisition to examine what actually changes during learning and to use realistic retention and transfer tests. A focus on individual differences in learning within groups of expert performers is recommended in order to identify characteristics of more efficient and effective learning. The identification and study of how experts learn will enhance our understanding of skill acquisition and how this may be promoted using instructional interventions and practice opportunities. The challenge for scientists is to generate knowledge that helps those involved in facilitating skill acquisition continue to help experts acquire and refine skills across professional domains.
The Different Structures of the Two Classes of Starless Cores

We describe a model for the thermal and dynamical equilibrium of starless cores that includes the radiative transfer of gas and dust and simple CO chemistry. The model shows that the structure and behavior of the cores is significantly different depending on whether the central density is either above or below about 105 cm−3. This density is significant as the critical density for gas cooling by gas-dust collisions and as the critical density for dynamical stability, given the typical properties of the starless cores. Starless cores thus divide into two classes that we refer to as thermally supercritical and thermally subcritical. This two-class distinction allows an improved interpretation of the different observational data of starless cores within a single model.
THE INTERRELATION OF PREDICTORS OF THE ADDICTIVE BEHAVIOR OF STUDENTS WITH THE BASIC SOCIAL AND ECONOMIC INDICATORS OF TERRITORIES

The study of the relationship between the socio-economic characteristics of territories of residence and the predictors of addictive behavior represents scientific novelty of study. The relevance of study is determined by the recognition of role of environmental factors in complex prevention of such negative phenomenon and by its destructive effect on psychological safety of modern sociocultural space. What made it possible to study the environmental aspects of addiction at scope of large social groups was using big territorial units (cities and districts) as the object of study and picking a large number of students aged 13 to 17 years. Totally 185000 people were involved. The hypothesis that there exist an interrelation between the predictors of propensity to addiction in students and the socio-economic indicators of municipal territories under study was proved within the frames of this large interdisciplinary study. The key results at the level of municipalities are: the level of wages is related with the propensity to addiction (r = 0.44); with antisocial trends (r = 0.45), with risky behavior (r = 0.37) and with problems in child-parent relationships (r = -0.33). The unemployment rate is connected with the refusal to seek social support (r = -0.34), problems in child-parental relations (r = -0.35, p <0.05). The interrelation of socio-psychological and socio-economic predictors of addiction is established empirically. Тhe obtained results contribute to the objective understanding of data on impact of socio-economic conditions on the level of propensity to addictions in youth environment.
Trajectory Mapping (``TM''''): A New Non-Metric Scaling Technique

Trajectory Mapping ``TM'''' is a new scaling technique designed to recover the parameterizations, axes, and paths used to traverse a feature space. Unlike Multidimensional Scaling (MDS), there is no assumption that the space is homogenous or metric. Although some metric ordering information is obtained with TM, the main output is the feature parameterizations that partition the given domain of object samples into different categories. Following an introductory example, the technique is further illustrated using first a set of colors and then a collection of textures taken from Brodatz (1966).
Measuring Cascading Failures for Smart Grids Vulnerability Assessment

Cascading failures is a new vulnerability to the emerging of interdependent networks where two networks are depending on one another. In this paper, we propose an analytical model based on centrality and distance measures to calculate the size of cascades. The betweenness centrality is a topological metric that can be used to identify node criticality. The hopcount is a distance related topological metric which can be used to determine the shortest paths from the most critical node to every other nodes. A node failures can lead to an avalanche of cascading failures due to dynamics load redistribution. The size of the avalanche is depending on the criticality of the failed node. When the most critical node failed, the failures can quickly propagate along its shortest paths to every other nodes. We analyze the proposed analytical model and also present the analytical results in comparison to the simulation results so as to validate its effectiveness.
A Multilevel Secure Object- Oriented Data Model

Recently, several security models have appeared in the literature dealing with mandatory access controls in object-oriented databases. While some of them are of considerable interest and merit (see the later section " Review of relevant research " for a discussion), they seem to lack intuitive appeal because they do not appear to model security in a way that takes full advantage of the object-oriented paradigm. Our goal in this essay is to construct a database security model for mandatory access controls that dovetails with the object-oriented data model in a natural way. The result, we hope, is a set of principles to help design and implement security policies in object-oriented database management systems in a clear and concise fashion. The object-subject paradigm of Bell and LaPadula [BELL76, DENN82] is widely used in work on mandatory access controls. An object is understood to be a data file or, at an abstract level, a data item. A subject is an active process that can request access to objects. Every object is assigned a classification, and every subject a clearance. Classifications and clearances are collectively referred to as security levels (or classes). Security levels are partially ordered. A subject is allowed a read access to an object only if the former's clearance is equivalent to or higher (in the partial order) than the latter's classification. A subject is allowed a write access to an object only if the former's clearance is equivalent to or lower than the latter's classification. Since a system may not be secure even if it always enforces the two Bell-LaPadula restrictions correctly, a secure system must guard against not only the direct revelation of data but also violations that produce illegal information flows through indirect means, including covert channels [DENN82]. The above restrictions are intended to ensure that there is no flow of information from high objects to low subjects. For otherwise, since subjects can represent users , a breach of security occurs wherein users get access to information for which they have not been cleared.
BLRL: Accurate and Efficient Warmup for Sampled Processor Simulation

Current computer architecture research relies heavily on architectural simulation to obtain insight into the cycle-level behavior of modern microarchitectures. Unfortunately, such architectural simulations are extremely time-consuming. Sampling is an often-used technique to reduce the total simulation time. This is achieved by selecting a limited number of samples from a complete benchmark execution. One important issue with sampling, however, is the unknown hardware state at the beginning of each sample. Several approaches have been proposed to address this problem by warming up the hardware state before each sample. This paper presents the boundary line reuse latency (BLRL) which is an accurate and efficient warmup strategy. BLRL considers reuse latencies (between memory references to the same memory location) that cross the boundary line between the pre-sample and the sample to compute the warmup that is required for each sample. This guarantees a nearly perfect warmup state at the beginning of a sample. Our experimental results obtained using detailed processor simulation of SPEC CPU2000 benchmarks show that BLRL significantly outperforms the previously proposed memory reference reuse latency (MRRL) warmup strategy. BLRL achieves a warmup that is only half the warmup for MRRL on average for the same level of accuracy.
Quantum correction in exact quantization rules

An exact quantization rule for the Schrodinger equation is presented. In the exact quantization rule, in addition to Nπ, there is an integral term, called the quantum correction. For the exactly solvable systems we find that the quantum correction is an invariant, independent of the number of nodes in the wave function. In those systems, the energy levels of all the bound states can be easily calculated from the exact quantization rule and the solution for the ground state, which can be obtained by solving the Riccati equation. With this new method, we re-calculate the energy levels for the one-dimensional systems with a finite square well, with the Morse potential, with the symmetric and asymmetric Rosen-Morse potentials, and with the first and the second Poschl-Teller potentials, for the harmonic oscillators both in one dimension and in three dimensions, and for the hydrogen atom.