Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Security analysis of homomorphic encryption scheme for cloud computing: Known-plaintext attack

We consider cryptosystems for homomorphic encryption schemes based on the Residue Number System (RNS) and Secret Sharing Schemes. One of their disadvantages is that they are directly related to data redundancy, and hence, increasing the size of the storage. To minimize it, homophonic encryption can be combined with the arithmetic coding known as Chinese remainder theorem. We describe a new method of cryptanalysis based on a property of RNS and theory of numbers. We prove that an attacker needs only η · [log<inf>2</inf> log<inf>2</inf>(k · p<inf>n</inf>)l arbitrary generated input files that form the “known-plaintext”, where p<inf>i</inf> is moduli RNS, to calculate the secret key required to decrypt the entire data.
Integration of audio-visual information for spatial decisions in children and adults.

In adults, decisions based on multisensory information can be faster and/or more accurate than those relying on a single sense. However, this finding varies significantly across development. Here we studied speeded responding to audio-visual targets, a key multisensory function whose development remains unclear. We found that when judging the locations of targets, children aged 4 to 12 years and adults had faster and less variable response times given auditory and visual information together compared with either alone. Comparison of response time distributions with model predictions indicated that children at all ages were integrating (pooling) sensory information to make decisions but that both the overall speed and the efficiency of sensory integration improved with age. The evidence for pooling comes from comparison with the predictions of Miller's seminal 'race model', as well as with a major recent extension of this model and a comparable 'pooling' (coactivation) model. The findings and analyses can reconcile results from previous audio-visual studies, in which infants showed speed gains exceeding race model predictions in a spatial orienting task (Neil et al., 2006) but children below 7 years did not in speeded reaction time tasks (e.g. Barutchu et al., 2009). Our results provide new evidence for early and sustained abilities to integrate visual and auditory signals for spatial localization from a young age.
EXPLAINING DATA-DRIVEN DOCUMENT CLASSIFICATIONS 1

Many document classification applications require human understanding of the reasons for data-driven classification decisions by managers, client-facing employees, and the technical team. Predictive models treat documents as data to be classified, and document data are characterized by very high dimensionality, often with tens of thousands to millions of variables (words). Unfortunately, due to the high dimensionality, understanding the decisions made by document classifiers is very difficult. This paper begins by extending the most relevant prior theoretical model of explanations for intelligent systems to account for some missing elements. The main theoretical contribution is the definition of a new sort of explanation as a minimal set of words (terms, generally), such that removing all words within this set from the document changes the predicted class from the class of interest. We present an algorithm to find such explanations, as well as a framework to assess such an algorithm’s performance. We demonstrate the value of the new approach with a case study from a real-world document classification task: classifying web pages as containing objectionable content, with the goal of allowing advertisers to choose not to have their ads appear on those pages. A second empirical demonstration on news-story topic classification shows the explanations to be concise and document-specific, and to be capable of providing understanding of the exact reasons for the classification decisions, of the workings of the classification models, and of the business application itself. We also illustrate how explaining the classifications of documents can help to improve data quality and model performance.
La porosité des résines composites utilisées en odontologie : étude de son origine et évaluation de son influence sur différentes propriétés

Depuis plus de 60 ans, les resines composites a usage dentaire n’ont cesse d’evoluer vers des materiaux toujours plus fonctionnels et esthetiques. Toutefois, l’obtention du materiau de restauration ideal presentant des proprietes mecaniques et physico-chimiques optimales reste encore aujourd’hui un defi de taille. La nature et la proportion des monomeres, le type, la taille et le taux de charges, la qualite des liens entre charges et matrice et la presence de porosites au sein des materiaux apparaissent comme des elements pouvant influencer ces proprietes. Afin d’avancer dans le comprehension de l’impact de ces differents facteurs, plusieurs etudes ont ete entreprises a l’aide de trois resines composites commerciales de viscosites differentes : une resine de viscosite elevee (Filtek P60 – 3M ESPE), une resine de viscosite moyenne (Grandio – Voco) et une resine de viscosite faible (Filtek Supreme XTE – 3M ESPE). L’influence de la manipulation clinique des materiaux sur le taux et le volume des porosites a ete evaluee a l’aide de la tomographie 3D a rayons X. La manipulation augmente le pourcentage et diminue le volume moyen des porosites. En outre, plus le materiau est fluide et plus il presente de porosites en son sein. Deux groupes d’echantillons ont ete realises afin d’evaluer l’influence de la porosite sur le comportement mecanique et physico-chimique des materiaux : l’un a partir des materiaux simplement extrudes des seringues et l’autre au sein duquel nous avons realise une adjonction artificielle de porosites. La contrainte de polymerisation a ete determinee a l’aide d’une machine de traction, l’absorption/solubilite a ete mesuree en respectant le cadre ISO 4049, le comportement mecanique vrai a ete evalue en traction a l’aide du systeme VideoTractionTM, les comportements apparents en compression et flexion ont ete etudies respectivement a l’aide d’une machine de compression et d’une machine de flexion 3 points. Les differents constituants organiques et mineraux apparaissent comme des elements determinants dans le comportement physico-chimique et mecanique des materiaux. La porosite initiale est egalement un facteur preponderant dans l’explication dudit comportement. Son influence n’est cependant pas proportionnelle a son taux puisque l’ajout de porosites artificielles n’influence pas significativement les resultats
Exploring Strategies that Build Livelihood Resilience: a Case from Cambodia

Livelihoods in Cambodian fishing communities are complex and dynamic. Fluctuations in resource abundance, seasonal cycles of resource use, and changes in access create conditions that bring challenges for rural households, as do economic and policy drivers. Nonetheless, people are continuously "doing something" in response to these stresses and shocks. This paper sets out to explore how households and community members attempt to mitigate against such challenges. The analysis of livelihood stresses and shocks in two Cambodian fishing villages shows that diversification is a commonly used strategy for coping and adapting. Analyzing responses at multiple scales, with emphasis on resilience-building strategies at household and community levels, illuminates aspects of livelihoods. To study local-level perspectives of resilience, well-being was used as the surrogate of resilience, producing three clusters of responses related to economic conditions, resources, and relationships.
Male Differentiation of Germ Cells Induced by Embryonic Age-Specific Sertoli Cells in Mice1

ABSTRACT Retinoic acid (RA) is a meiosis-inducing factor. Primordial germ cells (PGCs) in the developing ovary are exposed to RA, resulting in entry into meiosis. In contrast, PGCs in the developing testis enter mitotic arrest to differentiate into prospermatogonia. Sertoli cells express CYP26B1, an RA-metabolizing enzyme, providing a simple explanation for why XY PGCs do not initiate meios/is. However, regulation of entry into mitotic arrest is likely more complex. To investigate the mechanisms that regulate male germ cell differentiation, we cultured XX and XY germ cells at 11.5 and 12.5 days postcoitus (dpc) with an RA receptor inhibitor. Expression of Stra8, a meiosis initiation gene, was suppressed in all groups. However, expression of Dnmt3l, a male-specific gene, during embryogenesis was elevated but only in 12.5-dpc XY germ cells. This suggests that inhibiting RA signaling is not sufficient for male germ cell differentiation but that the male gonadal environment also contributes to this pathway. To define the influence of Sertoli cells on male germ cell differentiation, Sertoli cells at 12.5, 15.5, and 18.5 dpc were aggregated with 11.5 dpc PGCs, respectively. After culture, PGCs aggregated with 12.5 dpc Sertoli cells increased Nanos2 and Dnmt3l expression. Furthermore, these PGCs established male-specific methylation imprints of the H19 differentially methylated domains. In contrast, PGCs aggregated with Sertoli cells at late embryonic ages did not commit to the male pathway. These findings suggest that male germ cell differentiation is induced both by inhibition of RA signaling and by molecule(s) production by embryonic age-specific Sertoli cells.
Correlation between Virtual Screening Performance and Binding Site Descriptors of Protein Targets

Rescoring is a simple approach that theoretically could improve the original docking results. In this study AutoDock Vina was used as a docked engine and three other scoring functions besides the original scoring function, Vina, as well as their combinations as consensus scoring functions were employed to explore the effect of rescoring on virtual screenings that had been done on diverse targets. Rescoring by DrugScore produces the most number of cases with significant changes in screening power. Thus, the DrugScore results were used to build a simple model based on two binding site descriptors that could predict possible improvement by DrugScore rescoring. Furthermore, generally the screening power of all rescoring approach as well as original AutoDock Vina docking results correlated with the Maximum Theoretical Shape Complementarity (MTSC) and Maximum Distance from Center of Mass and all Alpha spheres (MDCMA). Therefore, it was suggested that, with a more complete set of binding site descriptors, it could be possible to find robust relationship between binding site descriptors and response to certain molecular docking programs and scoring functions. The results could be helpful for future researches aiming to do a virtual screening using AutoDock Vina and/or rescoring using DrugScore.
Should I Change or Should I Go? Phenotypic Plasticity and Matching Habitat Choice in the Adaptation to Environmental Heterogeneity

It can be challenging for organisms to achieve a good match between their phenotypic characteristics and environmental requirements that vary in space and time. The evolution of adaptive phenotypes can result from genetic differentiation at the population level. Individuals, however, could also change their phenotype (adaptive plasticity) or select an environment because it matches with their phenotype (matching habitat choice). It is poorly known under which conditions these different solutions to environmental heterogeneity evolve and whether they operate together. Using an individual-based simulation model, we assessed which solutions evolved depending on degree of temporal variation, costs of multiple underlying traits, and order of dispersal and development. Population genetic divergence was superseded by plasticity or matching habitat choice as temporal variation increased. Plasticity and matching habitat choice were limited by their trait costs, even when this involved only a part of the underlying traits. Independent of the order of dispersal and development, plasticity evolved more commonly than matching habitat choice, in part because the match a phenotype can achieve by matching habitat choice is limited by the types of environments available. Our results explain the apparent relative rarity of matching habitat choice in nature. At the same time, our results can be used to look for matching habitat choice in those biological systems where the conditions for other solutions seem unfavorable.
A Preliminary Study of E-Commerce User Behavior Based on Mobile Big Data - Invited Paper

The rapid popularity of mobile devices especially smart phones has changed human life style greatly. In this paper, we examine the consumer behaviors on several e-commerce platforms based on a large-scale dataset of mobile internet access records for about 3.5 months from a major telecom operator in China, which covers 126,388 users from Shanghai. We provide a preliminary study on users' daily and periodic online shopping behaviors, as well as the influence of special online shopping events and gender factors. These findings may be exploited by e-commerce providers e.g., for developing personalized recommendation systems to improve their service quality and profit.
A Mutual Support Mechanism through Intercellular Movement of CAPRICE and GLABRA3 Can Pattern the Arabidopsis Root Epidermis

The patterning of the Arabidopsis root epidermis depends on a genetic regulatory network that operates both within and between cells. Genetic studies have identified a number of key components of this network, but a clear picture of the functional logic of the network is lacking. Here, we integrate existing genetic and biochemical data in a mathematical model that allows us to explore both the sufficiency of known network interactions and the extent to which additional assumptions about the model can account for wild-type and mutant data. Our model shows that an existing hypothesis concerning the autoregulation of WEREWOLF does not account fully for the expression patterns of components of the network. We confirm the lack of WEREWOLF autoregulation experimentally in transgenic plants. Rather, our modelling suggests that patterning depends on the movement of the CAPRICE and GLABRA3 transcriptional regulators between epidermal cells. Our combined modelling and experimental studies show that WEREWOLF autoregulation does not contribute to the initial patterning of epidermal cell fates in the Arabidopsis seedling root. In contrast to a patterning mechanism relying on local activation, we propose a mechanism based on lateral inhibition with feedback. The active intercellular movements of proteins that are central to our model underlie a mechanism for pattern formation in planar groups of cells that is centred on the mutual support of two cell fates rather than on local activation and lateral inhibition.
DTF1 is a core component of RNA-directed DNA methylation and may assist in the recruitment of Pol IV

DNA methylation is an important epigenetic mark in many eukaryotic organisms. De novo DNA methylation in plants can be achieved by the RNA-directed DNA methylation (RdDM) pathway, where the plant-specific DNA-dependent RNA polymerase IV (Pol IV) transcribes target sequences to initiate 24-nt siRNA production and action. The putative DNA binding protein DTF1/SHH1 of Arabidopsis has been shown to associate with Pol IV and is required for 24-nt siRNA accumulation and transcriptional silencing at several RdDM target loci. However, the extent and mechanism of DTF1 function in RdDM is unclear. We show here that DTF1 is necessary for the accumulation of the majority of Pol IV-dependent 24-nt siRNAs. It is also required for a large proportion of Pol IV-dependent de novo DNA methylation. Interestingly, there is a group of RdDM target loci where 24-nt siRNA accumulation but not DNA methylation is dependent on DTF1. DTF1 interacts directly with the chromatin remodeling protein CLASSY 1 (CLSY1), and both DTF1 and CLSY1 are associated in vivo with Pol IV but not Pol V, which functions downstream in the RdDM effector complex. DTF1 and DTF2 (a DTF1-like protein) contain a SAWADEE domain, which was found to bind specifically to histone H3 containing H3K9 methylation. Taken together, our results show that DTF1 is a core component of the RdDM pathway, and suggest that DTF1 interacts with CLSY1 to assist in the recruitment of Pol IV to RdDM target loci where H3K9 methylation may be an important feature. Our results also suggest the involvement of DTF1 in an important negative feedback mechanism for DNA methylation at some RdDM target loci.
The diagnostic field’s players and interactions: from the inside out

Abstract For diagnoses that require inputs from multiple players – patients, informal caregivers, health care professionals – a team approach to coordinating diagnostic care has the potential to improve outcomes. Taking a patient-system perspective helps elucidate important factors relevant to team-based diagnostic performance. These factors are conceptualized as a metaphoric playing field that has goals, players interacting, unavoidable uncertainties and influential social conditions specifically tied to the diagnosis phase of care. In terms of rules of the game, the patient-system interaction might be guided by application of Gittell and colleague’s relational coordination concepts, and understood within a broader social network framework of diagnosis, adapted from work by Berkman and colleagues. Patient-centered metrics are also needed to monitor the success of diagnosis.
Omni-Channel Retailing Blurring the lines between

Background Omni-channel retailing has developed as an extension of multi-channel retailing. The difference between the concepts is the level of integration, where an omni-channel requires seamless and complete channel integration compared to a multi-channel where the level of integration varies from non-existing to high. Today’s customers expect an integrated shopping experience where they can combine the different channels according to their preferences and omni-channel is a way for retailers to meet this need. Purpose The purpose of this thesis is to explore the concept of omni-channel retailing and its implementation in retail firms operating in the Swedish market. Method This study is based on an interpretive approach and takes the form of an exploratory multiple case study through the investigation of four retailers. Qualitative data was collected through semi-structured interviews and the findings were analyzed abductively. Conclusion The conclusion of this thesis is that the investigated retailers still have, more or less, a long way to go in their integrative efforts. The retailer that has come the furthest in their effort has only implemented nine out of fifteen omni-channel criteria. Three main incentives for implementing an omnichannel strategy were identified. These are to respond to customer demands, to optimize the individual sales channels and to gain a competitive advantage. Additionally, several challenges arise as the retailer moves towards an omnichannel. These include technological investments, change management, channel conflict, return management and consistency. Furthermore, five potential sources of these challenges were identified as technological requirements, organizational changes, sales accreditation policies, in-store returns and finally the franchise business model.
Long-Term Effect of Pravastatin on Carotid Intima–Media Complex Thickness

Background and Purpose— The effect of statins on progression of carotid intima–media complex thickness (IMT) has been shown exclusively in nonstroke Western patients. This study aimed to determine the effect of low-dose pravastatin on carotid IMT in Japanese patients with noncardioembolic ischemic stroke. Methods— This is a substudy of the J-STARS trial (Japan Statin Treatment Against Recurrent Stroke), a multicenter, randomized, open-label, parallel-group trial to examine whether pravastatin reduces stroke recurrence. Patients were randomized to receive pravastatin (10 mg daily, usual dose in Japan; pravastatin group) or not to receive any statins (control group). The primary outcome was IMT change of the common carotid artery for a 5-year observation period. IMT change was compared using mixed-effects models for repeated measures. Results— Of 864 patients registered in this substudy, 71 without baseline ultrasonography were excluded, and 388 were randomly assigned to the pravastatin group and 405 to the control group. Baseline characteristics were not significantly different, except National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale scores (median, 0 [interquartile range, 0–2] versus 1 [interquartile range, 0–2]; P=0.019) between the 2 groups. Baseline IMT (mean±SD) was 0.887±0.155 mm in the pravastatin group and 0.887±0.152 mm in the control group (P=0.99). The annual change in the IMT at 5-year visit was significantly reduced in the pravastatin group as compared with that in the control group (0.021±0.116 versus 0.040±0.118 mm; P=0.010). Conclusions— The usual Japanese dose of pravastatin significantly reduced the progression of carotid IMT at 5 years in patients with noncardioembolic stroke. Clinical Trial Registration— URL: http://www.clinicaltrials. gov. Unique identifier: NCT00361530.
The Neutrophil's Eye-View: Inference and Visualisation of the Chemoattractant Field Driving Cell Chemotaxis In Vivo

As we begin to understand the signals that drive chemotaxis in vivo, it is becoming clear that there is a complex interplay of chemotactic factors, which changes over time as the inflammatory response evolves. New animal models such as transgenic lines of zebrafish, which are near transparent and where the neutrophils express a green fluorescent protein, have the potential to greatly increase our understanding of the chemotactic process under conditions of wounding and infection from video microscopy data. Measurement of the chemoattractants over space (and their evolution over time) is a key objective for understanding the signals driving neutrophil chemotaxis. However, it is not possible to measure and visualise the most important contributors to in vivo chemotaxis, and in fact the understanding of the main contributors at any particular time is incomplete. The key insight that we make in this investigation is that the neutrophils themselves are sensing the underlying field that is driving their action and we can use the observations of neutrophil movement to infer the hidden net chemoattractant field by use of a novel computational framework. We apply the methodology to multiple in vivo neutrophil recruitment data sets to demonstrate this new technique and find that the method provides consistent estimates of the chemoattractant field across the majority of experiments. The framework that we derive represents an important new methodology for cell biologists investigating the signalling processes driving cell chemotaxis, which we label the neutrophils eye-view of the chemoattractant field.
Drone-Augmented Human Vision: Exocentric Control for Drones Exploring Hidden Areas

Drones allow exploring dangerous or impassable areas safely from a distant point of view. However, flight control from an egocentric view in narrow or constrained environments can be challenging. Arguably, an exocentric view would afford a better overview and, thus, more intuitive flight control of the drone. Unfortunately, such an exocentric view is unavailable when exploring indoor environments. This paper investigates the potential of drone-augmented human vision, i.e., of exploring the environment and controlling the drone indirectly from an exocentric viewpoint. If used with a see-through display, this approach can simulate X-ray vision to provide a natural view into an otherwise occluded environment. The user's view is synthesized from a three-dimensional reconstruction of the indoor environment using image-based rendering. This user interface is designed to reduce the cognitive load of the drone's flight control. The user can concentrate on the exploration of the inaccessible space, while flight control is largely delegated to the drone's autopilot system. We assess our system with a first experiment showing how drone-augmented human vision supports spatial understanding and improves natural interaction with the drone.