Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Infant irritability and early mother–infant reciprocity patterns

This study investigated how various forms of neonatal irritability (at 3 days) and irritability at 10 weeks are related to reciprocal interactions between mothers and their infants. Fifty-six fullterm, first-born male infants were examined using the Neonatal Behavioral Assessment Scale (NBAS-K) at 3 days postpartum. Each infant was rated for irritability to aversive stimuli, general irritability, consolability and responsiveness to visual–auditory stimuli. At 10 weeks of age, during a home visit, mother–infant reciprocity was scored for gaze, smile, vocalization and hold behaviors. Based upon maternal reports and behavioral observations, infant irritability was scored at 10 weeks using the NBAS-K scoring system. Findings revealed that: (1) there were two distinct forms of reciprocity: social and physical; (2) general irritability at 3 days was negatively related to reciprocal hold interaction and positively related to reciprocal social interaction at 10 weeks, and (3) neonatal irritability to aversive stimuli (at 3 days) was positively related to subsequent reciprocal social interaction. Regression analyses showed that neonatal variables were the foremost predictors of reciprocal hold at 10 weeks. Findings are discussed in terms of (1) the need to differentiate between social and physical behavioral patterns, and (2) time-lag effects with respect to mother–infant interactions. Copyright © 1999 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
First principles calculations on nitrogen reactivity on tungsten surfaces

Using the spin-polarized gradient-corrected density functional theory we investigate the adsorption and dissociation of nitrogen molecule and hydrogen nitride radicals on two model surfaces of tungsten, W{1 0 0} and W{1 1 0}. The goal of the investigations is to predict the number and nature of the nitrogenized moieties that could be found on a tungsten surface after nitrogen-seeded hydrogen (deuterium) plasma discharge. The surfaces are considered clean or saturated in hydrogen or nitrogen atoms as they are expected to be after nitrogen seeded hydrogen plasma irradiation. We find that the radicals NH, NH2 and NH3 are dissociated by the catalytic action of the metallic surfaces if they are animated with an initial kinetic energy of less than 2.5 eV. The products of the reaction are a nitrogen atom incorporated into the metal surface and an adsorbed proton. The general conclusion is that nitrogen reduces hydrogen retention on the surface and more generally that the nitrided surfaces should be less reactive than the clean tungsten even if the two surfaces we consider behave quite differently.
Reverse Recovery of Power PN Junction diodes

A quasi-steady state approximation is used to derive expressions for the waveforms of minority carrier charge stored in p+nn+ power junction diodes driven by large-signal sinusoidal and ramp voltages. These waveforms are derived by solving a diode charge-control differential equation. Using the charge waveforms, the storage time is determined and the diode current and voltage waveforms are predicted. It is shown that three frequency ranges can be distinguished: (1) low-frequency range in which the reverse recovery is negligible, (2) mid-frequency range in which the reverse recovery is detrimental, but the diode is still of practical value, and (3) high-frequency range where the diode does not exhibit its rectifying properties. A simple method for measuring the minority carrier lifetime is proposed. Experimental results are given for an MR826 fast-recovery pn junction diode and a 31DQ06 Schottky diode for operating frequencies of up to 10 MHz. The theoretical and experimental results were in good agreement.
Insecticidal Management and Movement of the Brown Stink Bug, Euschistus servus, in Corn

Abstract In eastern North Carolina, some brown stink bugs, Euschistus servus (Say) (Hemiptera: Pentatomidae) are suspected to pass the F1 generation in wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) (Poales: Poaceae) before moving into corn (Zea mays L.) (Poales: Poaceae). These pests can injure corn ears as they develop. To test their effectiveness as a management tactic, pyrethroids were aerially applied to field corn in two experiments, one with 0.77 ha plots and another with 85 ha plots. Euschistus servus population abundance was monitored over time in both experiments and yield was assessed in the larger of the two experiments. In the smaller experiment, the populations were spatially monitored in a 6.3 ha area of corn adjacent to a recently harvested wheat field (352 sampling points of 6.1 row-meters in all but the first sampling event). Overall E. servus abundance decreased throughout the monitoring period in the sampling area of the smaller experiment, but remained unchanged over time in the large-scale experiment. During all sampling periods in both experiments, abundance was the same between treatments. Yield was unaffected by treatment where it was measured in the larger experiment. In the smaller experiment, E. servus were initially aggregated at the field edge of the corn (two, six and 13 days following the wheat harvest). Sixteen days following the wheat harvest they were randomly distributed in the corn. Although it was not directly measured, stink bugs are suspected to move the cornfield edge as a result of the adjacent wheat harvest. More study of the biology of E. servus is needed, specifically in the area of host preference, phenology and movement to explain these phenomena and to produce better management strategies for these pests.
Sport tourism or event tourism: are they one and the same?

Abstract Sport tourism has become the subject of an increasing level of both academic and government interest. It is perceived to be important because of its economic contribution as well as other influences such as the impact on community well‐being and the sense of pride that sport tourism may engender. The concept, however, is fraught by definitional issues and this paper provides a discussion for developing a more succinct definition and framework for sport tourism to add to the debate. It is argued here that sport tourism is essentially event tourism and, as such, it is governed by the issues that effect events and event management.
Ewing's sarcoma of the head and neck.

CONTEXT Ewing's sarcoma is a rare neoplasm, which usually arises in long bones of the limbs and in flat bones of the pelvis, with the involvement of head and neck bones being very unusual. CASE REPORT a case of Ewing's sarcoma occurring in the mandible of a 35-year-old female. Pain and swelling of the tumor were the main complaints. The early hypothesis was an undifferentiated malignant neoplasm, possibly a sarcoma. The CT scan depicted an expansive lesion, encapsulated, with septa and characteristics of soft tissue, involving the left side of the mandible and extending to the surrounding tissues. The patient underwent surgical excision of the lesion, the definitive diagnosis of Ewing's sarcoma was established, and the patient commenced on radiotherapy.
Sucrose Metabolism of Perennial Ryegrass in Relation to Cold Acclimation

Abstract Sugar metabolism is one of the important factors involved in winter hardiness and since the discovery of sucrose biosynthesis, considerable advances have been made in understanding its regulation and crucial role. This investigation examined the changes in activities of sucrose metabolizing enzymes and sugar content during cold hardening of perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne L.). Changes in acid invertase (AI), sucrose synthase (SS) and sucrose phosphate synthase (SPS) along with all the three soluble sugars glucose, fructose and sucrose were measured in leaves and stem base tissue during cold acclimation. Although fructans were the predominant carbohydrate the changes in glucose, fructose and sucrose were significant. All the three soluble sugars in both leaf and stem tissues started to decrease from the first day and continued up to day 7 and thereafter started to increase until day 28. AI in the soluble fraction showed a higher activity than that in the cell wall bound fraction. In both the leaf and stem bases soluble AI activity increased during the first week and after that it started to decrease gradually. On the other hand both the SS and SPS increased gradually throughout the acclimation period. Sucrose content was negatively correlated with AI and positively correlated with SS and SPS accounting well for the relation between the substrate and enzyme activity. These results suggest that AI, SS and SPS in ryegrass are regulated by cold acclimation and play an important role in sugar accumulation and acquisition of freezing tolerance
A genetic variation of the noradrenergic system is related to differential amygdala activation during encoding of emotional memories

Emotionally arousing events are typically well remembered, but there is a large interindividual variability for this phenomenon. We have recently shown that a functional deletion variant of ADRA2B, the gene encoding the α2b-adrenergic receptor, is related to enhanced emotional memory in healthy humans and enhanced traumatic memory in war victims. Here, we investigated the neural mechanisms of this effect in healthy participants by using fMRI. Carriers of the ADRA2B deletion variant exhibited increased activation of the amygdala during encoding of photographs with negative emotional valence compared with noncarriers of the deletion. Additionally, functional connectivity between amygdala and insula was significantly stronger in deletion carriers. The present findings indicate that the ADRA2B deletion variant is related to increased responsivity and connectivity of brain regions implicated in emotional memory.
Delta Subsidence: An Imminent Threat to Coastal Populations

Sea-level rise from a warming climate threatens to inundate coastlines around the world.1 But some of the world’s most vulnerable coasts—those fringing flat delta plains, mainly in Southeast Asia—face the far more immediate threat of sinking land.2 Induced mainly by human activities on a local rather than global scale, this phenomenon, known as land subsidence, can outpace sea-level rise substantially. Indonesia’s biggest city, Jakarta, is sinking at an average rate of 5–10 cm per year,3 much faster than the global rate of sea-level rise, which clocks in at 3.2 mm per year, according to the recent estimates.1 Should subsidence in Jakarta continue unabated, the city could sink up to 6 m by the end of the century, according to JanJaap Brinkman, a water management specialist with Deltares Research Institute in Delft, the Netherlands.
Design Studies on Hybrid Excitation Motor for Main Spindle Drive in Machine Tools

This paper presents a hybrid excitation motor for a main spindle drive in end- and face-milling tools, which is operated with a high speed of 50 000 r/min. The proposed motor has not only a permanent magnet but also the field coil which makes field-weakening and field-strengthening controls possible with taking no notice of the permanent magnet demagnetization. In addition, the sum of iron and copper losses of the motor at the end-milling operation is significantly reduced by the field-weakening control. The 3-D finite-element-method-based design studies on the proposed motor for the target application are demonstrated.
Resources, violence and the telluric geographies of small wars

A growing literature debates the proposition that insurgency in ‘small wars' is primarily driven by opportunities to exploit or loot abundant natural resource and by feasibility factors. While recent studies on the geography of opportunity, feasibility and predation have qualified some of these broad claims, the literature is still in need of a better understanding of the micro-geographies of small wars. Through a critical discussion of this literature, I will argue for an analytics of ‘telluric geographies' that studies the geography of rule, violence and affect in small wars.
The Role of Point Sources and Their Power Fluxes in the Linear Sampling Method

In this paper we investigate the linear sampling method by focusing on energy conservation inside a lossless background, in the case of a three-dimensional, impenetrable, and acoustic scattering set-up. We analyze, from both a numerical and a theoretical viewpoint, how average power fluxes are carried throughout the host medium by the flow tubes of radiating fields. As a result, the far-field equation, which is the core of the linear sampling method, can be regarded as a physical constraint linking the power flux of the scattered wave with that of the field radiated by a point source. Then, we show that this constraint, together with appropriate assumptions on the flow tubes of the scattered field, gives rise to a physical framework whereby some theoretical flaws of the linear sampling method can be overcome.
The European External Action Service and the security–development nexus: organizing for effectiveness or incoherence?

The creation of a new ‘European External Action Service’ (EEAS) under the Treaty of Lisbon represents one of the most far-reaching attempts to reform European Union (EU) foreign policy institutions in the history of European integration. However, the process of organizing the EEAS has involved more ‘top–down’ political interference rather than the more ‘bottom–up’ codification of existing procedures that typically takes place in the reform of EU foreign policy institutions. This trend can be framed in terms of three conflicts: a clash of intergovernmental politics over the structure and staffing of the EEAS; a clash of bureaucratic politics among the major institutions involved in European foreign policy; and a clash of priorities between two major EU foreign policy goals: development and security policy. These conflicts call into question whether the EEAS will improve the coherence of EU foreign/security policy, as it was intended, or simply add more confusion to the EU's global presence.
Volumetric-Perturbative Reciprocal Formulation for Scattering From Rough Multilayers

We present an innovative formulation for the evaluation of the electromagnetic wave interaction with non trivial random stratifications that can include the cases of random roughnesses and volumetric inhomogeneity; the formulation is based on a volumetric perturbative approach and it is intrinsically reciprocal. The description employed to model the multilayered structure relies on a characterization of the space-variant dielectric permittivity perturbation; this approach allows us to consistently treat both interface roughness and volumetric fluctuations. Accordingly, the developed comprehensive scattering approach methodologically permits to, simultaneously and rigorously, take into account both rough-interface scattering and volume scattering. The presented first-order general formulation is then applied to the case of a layered structure with rough interfaces, but no inhomogeneities within each layer. For this case, a closed-form solution is obtained. We also demonstrate that the polarimetric solution, derived for a 3-D layered geometry and a bistatic radar configuration can be directly expressed in terms of unperturbed solutions. Our solution turns out to be formally fully consistent with the one obtained in the theoretical framework of the boundary perturbation approach. A remarkable interpretation of the analytical solution in terms of the Rumsey's reaction concept is finally provided.
Immune Response to Fusobacterium Nucleatum and Prevotella Intermedia in Patients with Chronic Maxillary Sinusitis

Our objective was to study the immune response to 2 anaerobic bacteria in patients with chronic maxillary sinusitis. Immunoglobulin G class antibody titers to Fusobacterium nucleatum and Prevotella intermedia were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Serum levels in the patients were determined on the day sinus aspiration for culture was done, and 75 to 90 days later, after completion of antimicrobial therapy, Prevotella intermedia was isolated from 16 aspirates, and F nucleatum from 12. Median antibody levels at day 1 for F nucleatum and P intermedia were significantly higher in patients whose serum aspirates harbored these organisms than at days 75 to 90 in those who were cured (p < .05). However, the levels stayed elevated in the 5 patients who did not improve. The elevated antibody levels to F nucleatum and P intermedia, known oral pathogens, suggest a potential pathogenic role for these organisms in chronic maxillary sinusitis.
Strategic Human Resource Management: Defining the Field

Strategic Human Resource Management (SHRM) has been, and remains, one of the most powerful and influential ideas to have emerged in the field of business and management during the past twenty-five years. Policy makers at government level have drawn upon the idea in order to promote 'high performance workplaces' and 'human capital management'. Within business corporations, the idea that the way in which people are managed could be one of, if not the most crucial factor in the whole array of competitiveness- inducing variables, has become a widely accepted proposition during this period. Many management consultancy firms - both large and small - have built sub- stantial businesses by translating the concept into frameworks, methodologies and prescriptions. And, not least, academics have analysed, at considerable length, the meaning, significance and the evidence base for the ideas associated with SHRM. The central idea - broadly stated - is that while for much of the industrial age, 'labour' was treated as an unfortunate 'cost', it became possible to view it in an entirely different light; as an 'asset'. Economists and accountants routinely classified labour as one the main 'variable costs'. Accordingly, procedures and managerial systems were aligned with this view. Labour was seen as plentiful and dispensable. Little thought was given to its recruitment, little investment was made in its development, and the modes of 'industrial discipline' were based on direct command and control mixed occasionally with the strictures of perfor- mance related pay. 'Hire and fire' was a common term. In these circumstances, conflict was expected and industrial relations officers were employed in order to negotiate 'temporary truces' (otherwise known as collective agreements). These were considered successful if they delivered compliance with managerially-prescribed rules.
Nationwide Multicenter Study for Overlaps of Common Functional Gastrointestinal Disorders in Korean Patients With Constipation

Background/Aims In spite of increased concerns about the overlaps among the various functional gastrointestinal disorders (FGIDs), studies for the overlap between constipation and other common FGIDs are rare. Therefore, we investigated the patterns of overlaps between constipation and other common FGIDs. Methods This study was designed as a prospective nationwide multi-center questionnaire study using Rome III questionnaires for functional dyspepsia (FD), irritable bowel syndrome (IBS), and functional constipation (FC), as well as various questionnaires about patients’ information, degree of symptoms, and quality of life. For the evaluation of gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD), GERD-Q was used. Results From 19 centers, 759 patients with constipation were enrolled. The proportions of FC and IBS subtypes of constipation (IBS-C) were 59.4% and 40.6%, respectively. Among them, 492 (64.8%) showed no overlap. One hundred and thirty-six patients (17.9%) presented overlapping GERD, and 80 patients (10.5%) presented overlapping FD. Fifty one (6.7%) of patients were overlapped by both GERD and FD. Coincidental herniated nucleus pulposus (HNP) (P = 0.026) or pulmonary diseases (P = 0.034), reduced fiber intake (P = 0.013), and laxative use (P < 0.001) independently affected the rate of overlaps. These overlapping conditions negatively affected the constipation-associated quality of life, general quality of life, and degree of constipation. Conclusions The overlap of GERD or FD was common in patients with constipation. Coincidental HNP or pulmonary diseases, reduced fiber intake, and laxatives use were found to be independent associated factors for overlapping common FGIDs in Korean patients with constipation.
Population ecology of Aspergillus flavus associated with Mississippi Delta soils

Understanding the source of Aspergillus flavus is required to manage aflatoxin contamination of maize (Zea mays L.). Studies assessed A. flavus propagules, Fusarium spp. , and total fungi associated with Mississippi Delta soils. Soils from 12 and 15 sites were collected in 2000 and 2001, respectively. The propagule density of A. flavus ranged from log(10) 2.0 to 4.3 colony-forming units (cfu) g−1 soil, while total fusaria ranged from log(10) 3.0 to 5.4 cfu g−1 soil. The highest populations of A. flavus were associated with soils containing higher organic matter, especially in sites under a no-tillage management. The frequency of aflatoxin production in isolates ranged from 13 to 81% depending on soil. In 2001, there was a highly significant correlation between A. flavus and the history of maize cultivation. Soil fertility factors such as organic matter content, nitrate and extractable phosphorus correlated with the density of Aspergillus, Fusarium spp. , and total fungi. The relationship between soil parameters and Aspergillus populations may be useful in predicting the contribution of soil microflora to aflatoxin contamination.
An adaptive approach for identifying cocaine dependent patients who benefit from extended continuing care.

OBJECTIVE Study tested whether cocaine dependent patients using cocaine or alcohol at intake or in the first few weeks of intensive outpatient treatment would benefit more from extended continuing care than patients abstinent during this period. The effect of incentives for continuing care attendance was also examined. METHOD Participants (N = 321) were randomized to treatment as usual (TAU), TAU and telephone monitoring and counseling (TMC), or TAU and TMC plus incentives (TMC+). The primary outcomes were (a) abstinence from all drugs and heavy alcohol use and (b) cocaine urine toxicology. Follow-ups were at 3, 6, 9, 12, 18, and 24 months. RESULTS Cocaine and alcohol use at intake or early in treatment predicted worse outcomes on both measures (ps ≤ .0002). Significant effects favoring TMC over TAU on the abstinence composite were obtained in participants who used cocaine (odds ratio [OR] = 1.95 [1.02, 3.73]) or alcohol (OR = 2.47 [1.28, 4.78]) at intake or early in treatment. A significant effect favoring TMC+ over TAU on cocaine urine toxicology was obtained in those using cocaine during that period (OR = 0.55 [0.31, 0.95]). Conversely, there were no treatment effects in participants abstinent at baseline and no overall treatment main effects. Incentives almost doubled the number of continuing care sessions received but did not further improve outcomes. CONCLUSION An adaptive approach for cocaine dependence in which extended continuing care is provided only to patients who are using cocaine or alcohol at intake or early in treatment improves outcomes in this group while reducing burden and costs in lower risk patients.