Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
High‐resolution fields of global runoff combining observed river discharge and simulated water balances

This paper demonstrates the potential of combining observed river discharge information with climate‐driven water balance model (WBM) outputs to develop composite runoff fields. Such combined runoff fields simultaneously reflect the numerical accuracy of the discharge measurements and preserve the spatial and temporal distribution of simulated runoff. Selected gauging stations from the World Meteorological Organization Global Runoff Data Centre (GRDC) data archive were geographically coregistered to a gridded simulated topological network at 30′ (longitude × latitude) spatial resolution (STN–30p). Interstation regions between gauging stations along the STN–30p network were identified, and annual interstation runoff was calculated. The annual interstation runoff was compared with outputs from WBM calculations, which were performed using long‐term mean monthly climate forcings (air temperature and precipitation). The simulated runoff for each cell was multiplied by the ratio of observed to simulated runoff of the corresponding interstation region from the GRDC data set to create spatially distributed runoff fields at 30′ resolution. The resulting composite runoff fields (UNH/GRDC Composite Runoff Fields V1.0) are released to the scientific community along with intermediate data sets, such as station attributes and long‐term monthly regimes of the selected gauging stations, the simulated topological network (STN–30p), STN–30p derived attributes for the selected stations, and gridded fields of the interstation regions along STN–30p. These data sets represent high‐resolution fields that are of value to a broad range of water‐related research, including terrestrial modeling, climate‐atmosphere interactions, and global water resource assessments.
Reflectances in the Ganges and Brahmaputra rivers and in the adjacent coastal sea

The distribution patterns of reflectance were analysed from Landsat TM band 3, along the course of the Ganges and Brahmaputra rivers and their adjacent coastal sea. It was observed that during the high discharge period, reflectance values in the Ganges river are higher than that in the Brahmaputra. But in the low discharge period, it is vice versa. Reflectances varied significantly throughout the river courses but increased distinctly at their confluence zones. In the coastal sea, reflectance values decreased markedly with a narrow zone, which corresponded to the zone of spectral contrast as seen from band 3 image. Influence of river discharge in reflectance values is not distinct in the coastal sea.
The influence of financial technology & literacy on MSMEs sustainability with financial inclusion as a mediating variable

Micro and Small Enterprises (MSMEs) contribute a major share to the regional economy. In recent times, business competitiveness grows precariously making sustainability a problem. This study aims to provide empirical evidence about the relationship between financial technology, literacy, inclusion, and MSMEs’ sustainability in Sleman. This study uses a quantitative approach with Partial Least Square (PLS). Data were collected from questionnaires of 100 MSMEs in Sleman with a convenience sampling technique. The results reveal that financial technology and literacy impose a positive effect on financial inclusion, while financial technology and literacy exert a positive effect on MSMEs’ sustainability. In addition to that, financial inclusion is also found to have a positive effect on mediating financial technology and literacy influence on MSMEs’ sustainability. This study provides input for MSMEs management to increase the use of financial technology to support MSMEs’ sustainability and for the local government to promote financial literacy for MSMEs and enhance financial inclusion which will ultimately advance MSMEs’ sustainability.
Magmatic evolution of the Mantos Blancos copper deposit, Coastal Range of northern Chile: insight from Sr–Nd isotope, geochemical data and silicate melt inclusions

The Mantos Blancos copper deposit (500 Mt at 1.0% Cu) was affected by two superimposed hydrothermal events: (i) phyllic alteration related to a rhyolitic dome emplacement and brecciation at ca 155 Ma; and (ii) potassic, sodic and propylitic alteration at ca 142 Ma, coeval with stocks and sills emplacement of dioritic and granodioritic porphyries, that locally grade upwards into polymictic magmatic hydrothermal breccias. Major hypogene copper sulfide mineralization is related to the second event. A late‐ore mafic dike swarm cross‐cuts all rocks in the deposit. Two types of granodioritic porphyries can be distinguished from petrographic observations and geochemical data: granodiorite porphyry I (GP I) and granodiorite porphyry II (GP II), which resulted from two different trends of magmatic evolution. The concave shape of the rare earth element (REE) distribution pattern together with the weak or absence of negative Eu anomalies in mafic dikes, dioritic and GP I porphyries, suggest hornblende‐dominated fractionation for this magmatic suite. In contrast, distinct negative Eu anomalies and the flat REE patterns suggest plagioclase‐dominated fractionation, at low oxygen fugacity, for the GP II porphyry suite. But shallow mixing and mingling between silicic and dioritic melts are also likely for the formation of the GP II and polymictic breccias, respectively. Sr‐Nd isotopic compositions suggest that the rhyolitic dome rocks were generated from a dominantly crustal source, while the GP I has mantle affinity. The composition of melt inclusions (MI) in quartz crystals from the rhyolitic dome is similar to the bulk composition of their host rock. The MI analyzed in quartz from GP II and in the polymictic magmatic hydrothermal breccia of the deposit are compositionally more evolved than their host rocks. Field, geochemical and petrographic data provided here point to dioritic and siliceous melt interaction as an inducing mechanism for the release of hydrothermal fluids to form the Cu mineralization.
Accelerated and Improved Stabilization for High Order Moments of Racah Polynomials

Discrete Racah polynomials (DRPs) are highly efficient orthogonal polynomials and used in various scientific fields for signal representation. They find applications in disciplines like image processing and computer vision. Racah polynomials were originally introduced by Wilson and later modified by Zhu to be orthogonal on a discrete set of samples. However, when the degree of the polynomial is high, it encounters numerical instability issues. In this paper, we propose a novel algorithm called Improved Stabilization (ImSt) for computing DRP coefficients. The algorithm partitions the DRP plane into asymmetric parts based on the polynomial size and DRP parameters. We have optimized the use of stabilizing conditions in these partitions. To compute the initial values, we employ the logarithmic gamma function along with a new formula. This combination enables us to compute the initial values efficiently for a wide range of DRP parameter values and large polynomial sizes. Additionally, we have derived a symmetry relation for the case when the Racah polynomial parameters are zero (<inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$a=0$ </tex-math></inline-formula>, <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\alpha =0$ </tex-math></inline-formula>, <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\beta =0$ </tex-math></inline-formula>). This symmetry makes the Racah polynomials symmetric about the main diagonal, and we present a different algorithm for this specific scenario. We have demonstrated that the ImSt algorithm works for a broader range of parameters and higher degrees compared to existing algorithms. A comprehensive comparison between ImSt and the existing algorithms has been conducted, considering the maximum polynomial degree, computation time, restriction error analysis, and reconstruction error. The results of the comparison indicate that ImSt outperforms the existing algorithms for various values of Racah polynomial parameters.
Current and future consequences of tropospheric ozone on soybean biochemistry, physiology and yield

Crop losses to the damaging effects of tropospheric ozone in the United States are estimated to cost $1-3 billion annually. One of the world's most important oilseed crops, soybean (Glycine max [L.] Merr.), is particularly sensitive to O 3 with current estimated losses of 8.5-14% depending on genotype and environmental conditions. Zea mays (maize) is the most important food crop globally in terms of production, and has previously been classified as moderately sensitive to O 3. In the United States, soybeans and maize are commonly grown in a crop rotation with each other. The Midwestern United States " Corn Belt " produces 38%% of the world's maize and 34%% of the world's soybean crops (USDA FAS), and currently experiences O 3 concentrations that are high enough to negatively impact yields. In my dissertation research I approached the problem of crop loss to O 3 in three ways. Since soybean sensitivity to O 3 has already been demonstrated I first tested the hypothesis that there is cultivar variation in the antioxidant, photosynthetic, and yield responses of soybean to growth at ambient and double ambient [O 3 ] under field conditions. Ten cultivars of soybean were grown at elevated [O 3 ] from germination through maturity at a fully open-air agricultural field location in the Soybean Free Air Concentration Enrichment (SoyFACE) facility in 2007, and six of those were grown again in 2008. In order to determine what parameters could be used to predict the sensitivity of seed yield to elevated [O 3 ], photosynthetic gas exchange, fluorescence, chlorophyll content, antioxidant capacity, and leaf area index were monitored. Doubling the [O 3 ] over ambient in those years decreased soybean yields by an average of 17%, with a range of 8-37% depending on cultivar and year. Chlorophyll content and photosynthetic parameters were positively correlated with seed yield, while antioxidant capacity was negatively correlated with photosynthesis and seed yield, suggesting a possible shift in the carbon balance between antioxidant metabolism and carbon gain. Exposure-response curves derived from these results indicate that breeding has not inadvertently selected for O 3 tolerance. While I calculated an exposure response of different genotypes to O 3 from different years of treatment at SoyFACE, variation in temperature, moisture availability and planting date could potentially interact with O 3 to alter the response of soybean to the pollutant. Therefore, the experiments present in Chapter 3 are for soybean exposed …
Comparison of the radiative impact of aerosols derived from vertically resolved (lidar) and vertically integrated (Sun photometer) measurements: Example of an Indian aerosol plume

Radiative forcing calculations both at the top of the atmosphere (TOA) and at the surface were done for vertically varying particle properties and their approximation through vertically constant properties. The data sets followed from combined six wavelength aerosol lidar and Sun photometer measurements made on March 25, 1999, in the framework of the Indian Ocean Experiment (INDOEX). On this day a multilayered pollution plume, which was characterized by highly absorbing particles, extended to 3.5 km above ground. The aerosol optical thickness was as high as 0.57 at 530 nm. The uncertainty of the radiative forcing can be as large as 30% owing to the uncertainty of the refractive index and size distribution, which are only given as column-averaged values if Sun photometer measurements are used alone. The radiative forcing calculated for an ocean albedo of 0.05 varies between −5 and −12 W m−2 at TOA and −55 and −81 W m−2 at the surface, whereas the forcing determined by height dependent aerosol properties is about −10 W m−2 at TOA and −60 W m−2 at the surface. The forcing efficiency is in the range −11 and −24 W m−2 per unit optical thickness at TOA and −101 and −154 W m−2 per unit optical thickness at the surface.
Critical success factors of ERP implementation at retail franchise company in Indonesia

As technology develops, many companies seek to innovate and implement technology, one of them is ERP to support their business processes. One of these companies is PT Sumber Alfaria Trijaya, Jember, Indonesia. Many factors were affected the quality of ERP implementation. One of them is known as the Critical Success Factor (CFS). This study aimed to describe implementation of ERP application and the Critical Success Factors during ERP deployment at PT Sumber Alfaria Trijaya (SAT), Indonesia. This study used qualitative method for gaining data and research analysis. Interviewed are done with the key users. The results of analysis showed that five critical factors that supported and influenced the ERP implementation in the company, namely; Management Commitment and Support, User Involvement, Communication, Hardware and Equipment, and Education and Training. Those five factors have significant impact on the successful of ERP implementation at retail franchise company in Indonesia. In conclusion, the implementation of TAF application improved the quality of accounting information system information for the company.
Reconstruction of seismic data using the Focal Transformation

The focal transformation is introduced as a promising tool in seismic processing, allowing the incorporation of macro information about the involved wavefields. Application of the focal transform introduces a new domain, the focal domain, that enables the user to separate signal from noise. Applications of particular interest are removing shotgenerated noise, interpolation of missing offsets and reconstructing signal beyond aliasing. The latter can be seen as the removal of “aliasing noise”.
Impact of Social Media Method for Retake Students of English for Academic Purpose Courses

The growth of social media has made it an ingrained part of today’s society. The constant use of different platforms for example: Instagram, Facebook, Twitter, YouTube made it convenient to share individual thoughts, opinions, and to connect with people. These communications can be diverse and complex as it can be conducted through integration of text, graphics, animation, sound, and video. Many teachers have already implemented the practice of social media or multimedia in their classrooms. English as a foreign or second language (EFL/ESL) could be a difficult course to be taught and learned for both ends (teachers and students). In tertiary level many students fail to complete the course in one chance. They need improvement. As a result they need to retake the course. This group of students adds some extra challenge for the teachers . Therefore EFL/ESL requires innovation in the teaching process. One of the techniques to develop this situation could be the usage of the combination of social media and multimedia during the process of teaching and learning in the classroom. This study investigates retake group of students’ participation in EAP course using facebook for English language . A survey was conducted for data collection, in which all 40 participants of American International University-Bangladesh (AIUB) were instructed to join a group named ‘EAP I Intelligent Mind’. All the tasks were posted in the group and students provided answers in comment box. This paper includes findings which shows that the retake students possessed positive attitudes, motivation, and gain self-confidence in learning English language.
Identification of clay coatings in an older Quaternary Terrace of the Allier, Limagne, France.

Micromorphologically three types of coatings were observed in B horizons of two planosol profiles (Albaqualfs): (a) nonlaminated isotropic limpid clay coatings, (b) nonlaminated anisotropic limpid clay coatings, and (c) microlaminated anisotropic dusty clay coatings. Micromorphological observations suggested that coating types (a) and (b) were genetically similar, resulting from weathering and neoformation. Coating type (c) originated from clay illuviation. Elemental compositions of clay coatings were obtained with a scanning electron microscope-energy dispersive x-ray analyzer technique. Alumina contents decreased from 38% in isotropic coatings to about 28% in illuviation coatings. The Al content was inversely related to contents of K, Mg, Ca, and Fe. Factor analysis indicated that two factors accounted for 56.5 and 22.8% of the total elemental variance. The first factor associated with coating type revealed the antithetic behavior of Al vs. K, Mg, Ca, and Fe, and accounted for about 90% in the variability of Al. The second factor associated with the sample location explained >70% of the variability in Ti and Si. Chemical classification of investigated samples was based on elemental similarity. Cluster analysis revealed that coatings of the same type were more alike than coatings originating from the same profile. About 83% of grouped samples were classified correctly as isotropic and anisotropic weathering coatings, and anisotropic illuviation coatings. Clay minerals associated with individual coatings were identified with an x-ray step-scan method after sampling microquantities of these coatings with a microdrill. Anisotropic illuviation and weathering coatings consisted of illite and kaolinite. Anisotropic weathering coatings, however, were found to contain less illite than illuviation coatings. Isotropic coatings were x-ray amorphous, suggesting the presence of Al-Fe-Si gel.
Design and Research of SIW Wireless Passive High-Temperature and Pressure Sensor

Currently, it is difficult to measure the temperature and pressure of critical components in real time in aerospace and industrial fields. So, a novel high-temperature and pressure sensor was designed to solve the problem. The microwave backscatter technology and combining the theory of substrate integrated waveguide (SIW) and slot antenna were exploited to design the sensor, which not only realized wireless passive measurement but also had the characteristics of miniaturization and could effectively avoid the problems caused by wired active. Using silicon carbide ceramic as the substrate of the sensor can resist extremely high temperatures and pressures. The completed high-temperature and pressure sensor has been experimentally tested to achieve simultaneous temperature and pressure measurements at 1000 °C and 700 kPa. Moreover, the sensor contains a temperature-sensitive unit and a temperature–pressure-sensitive unit, which can avoid the parameter crosstalk problem after data processing. This study not only proposes a new type of wireless passive high-temperature and pressure sensor but also provides a potential way for the development of wireless passive multiparameter sensors.
Mechanisms and critical properties in drying shrinkage of soils: experimental and numerical parametric studies

Mechanisms of free-shrinkage strains of desiccating deformable initially saturated soils are studied. The role of the surface evaporation rate, surface tension and viscosity of pore fluid, and soil compressibility and permeability is investigated in experimental and numerical parametric studies. Two different geomaterials with three different pore fluids are tested and numerically simulated using a macroscale Biot theory model and a mesoscale vessel model. Evolution of shrinkage strain and fluid content is reported and evaluated. The total amount of shrinkage and shrinkage limit are found to correlate with both solid fraction compressibility and surface tension of the fluid fraction. Most of the strain occurs in the saturated stage of drying concomitant with a build-up of fluid suction. The macroscopic Biot model yields good results in the saturated stage of drying. However, the air-entry criteria are all formulated at meso- or microscale. Hence, a mesoscale deformable pore vessel model is adopted, with pore fluid suction limited by a fluid tensile stress threshold identified with fluid cavitation. Beyond cavitation, air entry occurs. Subsequently, partially fluid-filled pore vessels are considered with fluid evaporation across a migrating fluid–gas interface within the vessel. A mesoscale model parametric study confirms that the total drying shrinkage strain and the shrinkage limit depend on the solids' compressibility, as well as on the fluid surface tension.
Kilometer‐scale slopes on Mars and their correlation with geologic units: Initial results from Mars Orbiter Laser Altimeter (MOLA) data

Martian surface slopes were calculated at baselines from 0.4 to 25 km using profiles obtained by the Mars Orbiter Laser Altimeter (MOLA) instrument during the aerobraking phase of the Mars Global Surveyor mission. Median slope is proposed as a characteristic measurement of the typical surface roughness at each corresponding scale. Median slope is favored over RMS slope because it is not influenced by the small number of higher slopes at the upper end of the slope-frequency distribution tail. Median slope complements interquartile scale roughness characterization in that it is more sensitive to smaller baseline slopes. A map of the median slope of the northern hemisphere is presented. Median slopes and their scale dependences are used to characterize typical kilometer-scale roughness for a set of geologic units mapped in the northern hemisphere. This analysis demonstrates that many individual units and groups of units are characterized by distinctive surface slopes and that these characteristics are sufficiently different that they hold promise for use in the definition and characterization of units. Characterization of the slope properties of geologic units provides information useful in the interpretation of their origin and evolution. For example, the generally smooth topography of the diverse Vastitas Borealis Formation subunits is dominated by about 3 km, 0.3° steep features almost indistinguishable in Viking images. The roughness characteristics of this unit differ from those of other geologic units on Mars and suggest some distinctive process(es) of formation and/or modification of kilometer-scale topography common for all subunits. The similarity of roughness characteristics of the several highland plateau units suggests that kilometer-scale topography was largely inherited from the period of heavy bombardment. The northern polar cap and layered terrains are largely very smooth at small scale. The long, steep-sloped tails of the slope-frequency distributions are compared for the dominant terrain types in the northern hemisphere of Mars and are compared with Earth continents. The Vastitas Borealis Formation found in the northern lowlands differs significantly from both cratered uplands and volcanic plains, and these latter two units can be distinguished from each other on the basis of median slope. Terrestrial continents are smoother than cratered highlands but rougher than the Vastitas Borealis Formation and most volcanic plains. An inventory of all observed slopes much steeper than the angle of repose is presented. Steep slopes occur in the upper parts of tectonic scarps, most likely representing bedrock exposures. The presence of extremely steep slopes in the presumably ductile polar cap provides evidence for geologically recent and/or ongoing formation of these slopes.