Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Diagnostic imaging in veterinary dental practice.

A 6-year-old 29.3-kg (64.46-lb) sexually intact male mixed-breed dog was evaluated for signs of oral pain. According to the owner, the dog was first noted to have signs of oral pain approximately 1 year prior to examination. The owner reported that the dog was reluctant to play tug of war with rope toys and would routinely, after picking a ball up with the rostral portion of its mouth, chatter its jaw and drop the ball. The owner also reported that the dog avoided dry food and preferred a softer diet. The dog had a long history of chewing tennis balls and wood and was reported to be otherwise healthy. Results of a general physical examination were unremarkable. Oral examination revealed mild dental plaque and calculus and mild gingivitis. There was moderate abrasion of all teeth that was especially notable on the maxillary canine teeth. Intact tertiary dentin was evident in the center of the abraded surface of the maxillary and mandibular canine teeth (Figure 1). Results of a CBC, serum biochemical profile, and urinalysis were within reference limits. The dog was anesthetized, and intraoral radiography and periodontal charting were performed. Select radiographic views are provided (Figure 2).
Molecular and neural mechanisms of sex pheromone reception and processing in the silkmoth Bombyx mori

Male moths locate their mates using species-specific sex pheromones emitted by conspecific females. One striking feature of sex pheromone recognition in males is the high degree of specificity and sensitivity at all levels, from the primary sensory processes to behavior. The silkmoth Bombyx mori is an excellent model insect in which to decipher the underlying mechanisms of sex pheromone recognition due to its simple sex pheromone communication system, where a single pheromone component, bombykol, elicits the full sexual behavior of male moths. Various technical advancements that cover all levels of analysis from molecular to behavioral also allow the systematic analysis of pheromone recognition mechanisms. Sex pheromone signals are detected by pheromone receptors expressed in olfactory receptor neurons in the pheromone-sensitive sensilla trichodea on male antennae. The signals are transmitted to the first olfactory processing center, the antennal lobe (AL), and then are processed further in the higher centers (mushroom body and lateral protocerebrum) to elicit orientation behavior toward females. In recent years, significant progress has been made elucidating the molecular mechanisms underlying the detection of sex pheromones. In addition, extensive studies of the AL and higher centers have provided insights into the neural basis of pheromone processing in the silkmoth brain. This review describes these latest advances, and discusses what these advances have revealed about the mechanisms underlying the specific and sensitive recognition of sex pheromones in the silkmoth.
Coupling of Existing Simulations using Bottom-up Modeling of Choreographies

As a contribution for eScience, we discuss the bottom-up derivation of scientific choreography models from existing simulation workflows interconnected as a multi-scale and multi-field simulation. Starting from a motivating scenario of only implicitly coupled simulation workflows for the studying of thermal aging of ironcopper alloys, we present a choreography life cycle supporting the bottom-up derivation of choreography models and the propagation of changes to the underlying simulation workflows in a round-trip manner. Furthermore, we discuss several distinct starting points for the derivation, namely explicitly and implicitly connected simulation workflow models and already running simulation workflow instances.
The Extent of Children's Understanding of the Space/Time Metaphor: Mapping between Length and Duration

ii Vita . iv List of Tables . viii List of Figures . ix Introduction: What is Metaphor? 1 Theories of Metaphor . 3 Alternatives to Metaphor . 9 Space/Time Metaphor . 11 Is One Domain Dominant? 12 Study 1: CHILDES Analysis of ‘Long’ and ‘Short’ for Space and Time . 16 Results of CHILDES Analysis of ‘Long’ and ‘Short’ . 20 Experiments: Studies 2 and 3 . 23 Study 2: Methods . 24 Study 2: Procedure . 25 Novel Word Training . 26
Overexpression of Arabidopsis AnnAt8 Alleviates Abiotic Stress in Transgenic Arabidopsis and Tobacco

Abiotic stress results in massive loss of crop productivity throughout the world. Because of our limited knowledge of the plant defense mechanisms, it is very difficult to exploit the plant genetic resources for manipulation of traits that could benefit multiple stress tolerance in plants. To achieve this, we need a deeper understanding of the plant gene regulatory mechanisms involved in stress responses. Understanding the roles of different members of plant gene families involved in different stress responses, would be a step in this direction. Arabidopsis, which served as a model system for the plant research, is also the most suitable system for the functional characterization of plant gene families. Annexin family in Arabidopsis also is one gene family which has not been fully explored. Eight annexin genes have been reported in the genome of Arabidopsis thaliana. Expression studies of different Arabidopsis annexins revealed their differential regulation under various abiotic stress conditions. AnnAt8 (At5g12380), a member of this family has been shown to exhibit ~433 and ~175 fold increase in transcript levels under NaCl and dehydration stress respectively. To characterize Annexin8 (AnnAt8) further, we have generated transgenic Arabidopsis and tobacco plants constitutively expressing AnnAt8, which were evaluated under different abiotic stress conditions. AnnAt8 overexpressing transgenic plants exhibited higher seed germination rates, better plant growth, and higher chlorophyll retention when compared to wild type plants under abiotic stress treatments. Under stress conditions transgenic plants showed comparatively higher levels of proline and lower levels of malondialdehyde compared to the wild-type plants. Real-Time PCR analyses revealed that the expression of several stress-regulated genes was altered in AnnAt8 over-expressing transgenic tobacco plants, and the enhanced tolerance exhibited by the transgenic plants can be correlated with altered expressions of these stress-regulated genes. Our findings suggest a role for AnnAt8 in enhancing abiotic stress tolerance at different stages of plant growth and development.
Has Information and Communication Technology Changed the Dynamics of Inequality? An Empirical Study from the Knowledge Hierarchy Perspective

Wage inequality in the U.S. grew rapidly from the early 1980s, and information and communication technology (ICT) has been blamed for this social problem. Although information technology (IT) and communication technology (CT) have different effects, few empirical studies consider their distinct impacts on the dynamics of inequality. We examine the distinct impacts of IT and CT on inequality from the knowledge hierarchy perspective for the period 2004-2014, using comprehensive data on wages, employment, and ICT capital. Our findings suggest that IT and CT deepen wage inequality between the production and non-production layers. However, within the production layer, IT acts as a decentralizing force and CT acts as a centralizing force. Furthermore, ICT increases the relative demand for managers in the top layer and decreases demand for supervisors in the middle layer, contributing to job polarization. Our results imply the significant role of ICT in wage inequality, distinct from other technologies.
Vagal Tone and Meal-Induced Abdominal Symptoms in Healthy Subjects

Background/Aims: Patients with functional dyspepsia often have meal-induced dyspeptic symptoms and low vagal tone. We examined whether these variables are related in healthy subjects. Methodology: In 40 healthy subjects vagal tone and abdominal symptoms were recorded before and after a 500-ml soup meal ingested in 1 and 4 min on separate visits. Vagal tone was indexed by respiratory sinus arrhythmia (RSA). Results: Scores for nausea and discomfort were higher when the soup was ingested in 1 min as compared with 4 min (nausea: p = 0.02; discomfort: p = 0.04). There was no difference in fullness or abdominal pain. RSA was unrelated to meal-induced symptom scores. RSA varied with respiration and body position: It was highest while breathing deeply in the sitting position (24.0 beats/min). With normal breathing RSA was highest in the supine position (9.0 beats/min), lower while sitting (7.0 beats/min) and lowest while standing (6.2 beats/min). Conclusions: Epigastric discomfort in response to rapid ingestion of a test meal in healthy subjects was not related to vagal tone as indexed by RSA. Vagal tone varied with breathing pattern and body position. It is possible that increasing vagal tone by such measures can be beneficial in the treatment of patients with functional dyspepsia.
Agonist‐induced internalization of metabotropic glutamate receptor 1A: structural determinants for protein kinase C‐ and G protein‐coupled receptor kinase‐mediated internalization

To investigate the role of the intracellular C‐terminal tail of the rat metabotropic glutamate receptor 1a (mGlu1a) in receptor regulation, we constructed three C‐terminal tail deletion mutants (Arg847stop, DM‐I; Arg868stop, DM‐II; Val893stop, DM‐III). Quantification of glutamate‐induced internalization provided by ELISA indicated that DM‐III, like the wild‐type mGlu1a, underwent rapid internalization whilst internalization of DM‐I and DM‐II was impaired. The selective inhibitor of protein kinase C (PKC), GF109203X, which significantly reduced glutamate‐induced mGlu1a internalization, had no effect on the internalization of DM‐I, DM‐II, or DM‐III. In addition activation by carbachol of endogenously expressed M1 muscarinic acetylcholine receptors, which induces PKC‐ and Ca2+‐calmodulin‐dependent protein kinase II‐dependent internalization of mGlu1a, produced negligible internalization of the deletion mutants. Co‐expression of a dominant negative mutant form of G protein‐coupled receptor kinase 2 (DNM‐GRK2; Lys220Arg) significantly attenuated glutamate‐induced internalization of mGlu1a and DM‐III, whilst internalization of DM‐I and DM‐II was not significantly affected. The glutamate‐induced internalization of mGlu1a and DM‐III, but not of DM‐I or DM‐II, was inhibited by expression of DNM‐arrestin [arrestin‐2(319–418)]. In addition glutamate‐induced rapid translocation of arrestin‐2‐Green Fluorescent Protein (arr‐2‐GFP) from cytosol to membrane was only observed in cells expressing mGlu1a or DM‐III. Functionally, in cells expressing mGlu1a, glutamate‐stimulated inositol phosphate accumulation was increased in the presence of PKC inhibition, but so too was that in cells expressing DM‐II and DM‐III. Together these results indicate that different PKC mechanisms regulate the desensitization and internalization of mGlu1a. Furthermore, PKC regulation of mGlu1a internalization requires the distal C terminus of the receptor (Ser894–Leu1199), whilst in contrast glutamate‐stimulated GRK‐ and arrestin‐dependent regulation of this receptor depends on a region of 25 amino acids (Ser869–Val893) in the proximal C‐terminal tail.
Method for choosing regularization parameter in 2D SAR imaging

For sparse Radar signals, sparse imaging method is subversion of the traditional imaging method, which breaks through the limitations existing in traditional imaging method. In order to improve the imaging quality of Radar signals, we don't only realize the sparse radar imaging algorithm, but also propose a new method for choosing regularization parameter in 2D radar imaging. The imaging result verifies the validity of the new method.
Overexpression , purification , and site-directed spin labeling of the Nramp metal transporter from Mycobacterium leprae

BIOCHEMISTRY. For the article ‘‘HuR binding to cytoplasmic mRNA is perturbed by heat shock,’’ by Imed-Eddine Gallouzi, Christopher M. Brennan, Myrna G. Stenberg, Maurice S. Swanson, Ashley Eversole, Nancy Maizels, and Joan A. Steitz, which appeared in number 7, March 28, 2000, of Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA (97, 3073–3078), the authors note the following regarding Fig. 2. Attempts to repeat in situ hybridization experiments comparing the localization of poly(A) RNA in HeLa cells before and after heat shock have revealed that the differences are not as dramatic as those seen in panels 13 and 14. Rather, the nearly complete absence of poly(A) RNA from the nuclear region is observed only in metaphase cells, which were mistakenly selected for display in panel 13. In nondividing cells at 37°C, a significant poly(A) signal is usually seen in the nucleus in addition to that in the cytoplasm. The major conclusions of the paper remain unchanged.
Perceived Relative Importance of Psychological and Physical Factors in Successful Athletic Performance

Ratings of the perceived relative importance of psychological and physical factors for successful athletic performance were obtained from 29 men and 53 women in sports of track, swimming, soccer, volleyball, basketball, gymnastics, baseball or Softball, tennis, diving, and golf, by level of competition (high school, college, and professional), and sex of athlete. The over-all rating of the relative importance of psychological factors was 39%. Significant differences in the ratings of the relative importance of psychological factors were found for sport, level, sex, sport × level, and level × sex. Ratings of the relative importance of psychological factors for successful performance in various sports increased in the order listed above. The significant effect for level and interaction of sport × level were accounted for primarily by the higher ratings given to professional golf. The significant effect of sex and the interaction of sex × level were attributable to higher ratings of the importance of psychological variables for high school women athletes as compared to high school men athletes.
Genetic conflicts and the paradox of sex determination: three paths to the evolution of female intersexuality in a mammal.

That sex determining systems ever change is paradoxical but can be explained by noting that conflict between selfish elements and their modifiers will often cause a shift in sex determining strategy. The evolution of the novel sex determining system of moles (Talpa europaea and T. occidentalis) may, we argue, be an example of just such a process. Three different models for the evolution of female intersexuality are presented. These all attempt to account for (1) the fact that a few years ago populations of moles had high frequencies of sterile XX individuals that were either morphologically male or intersex (other XX individuals were normal females) and (2) that presently, the XX individuals in the same population are exclusively fertile intersexes that are functionally female; i.e. have follicle producing ovotestes. This case history is compared to that of the wood lemming and two similarities are discussed. First, in both cases it is noted that one end product could be approached from different routes. Second, selfish elements may be involved in the evolution of both systems. In general, it is suggested that XY sex determination, far from being resilient to evolutionary change, is vulnerable to take-over by selfish elements. This is particularly the case in mammals in which transplacental interactions could allow manipulation of sex determination in one foetus by another. This, we also suggest, is a good candidate explanation for the evolution of novel sex determination in Talpa.
Towards Self-Optimization of Message Transformation Processes

The Message Transformation Model (MTM), for modeling complex message transformation processes in data centric application scenarios, provides strong capabilities for describing the data and con- trol flow, transactional behavior and even the interaction with external systems. Thus, this general model could be used for dierent integration platforms like EAI-Servers, Message-Brokers and Subscription-Systems, as well as for ETL-Tools. In this paper, we describe self-optimization strategies for MTM processes to determine an optimal executable pro- cess. Our proposed strategies can be distinguished into rule-based and workload-based techniques. Aside from theoretical consideration, we de- scribe implementation aspects within the integration platform Trans- Connect R . Furthermore, we present some first evaluation results.
Study on temperature-dependent changes in hydrogen bonds in cellulose Ibeta by infrared spectroscopy with perturbation-correlation moving-window two-dimensional correlation spectroscopy.

Infrared (IR) spectra were measured for cellulose Ibeta prepared from the mantle of Halocynthia roretzi over a temperature range of 30-260 degrees C to explore the temperature-dependent changes in hydrogen bonds (H-bonds) in the crystal. Structural changes at the phase transition temperature of 220 degrees C are elucidated at the functional group level by perturbation-correlation moving-window two-dimensional (PCMW2D) correlation spectroscopy. The PCMW2D correlation spectra show that the intensities of bands arising from O3-H3.O5 and O2-H2.O6 intrachain H-bonds dramatically decrease at 220 degrees C, whereas the intensity changes of bands due to interchain H-bonds are not observed adequately. These results suggest that the phase transition is induced by the dissociation of the O3-H3.O5 and O2-H2.O6 intrachain H-bonds. However, the interchain H-bonds are not so much responsible for the transition directly.
Dynamic regulation of Homer binding to group I mGluRs by Preso1 and converging kinase cascades

In rat sympathetic neurons from the superior cervical ganglia (SCG) expressing metabotropic glutamate receptors (mGluRs) 1 or 5, overexpression of scaffolding Homer proteins, which bind to a Homer ligand in their C-termini, cause receptor clustering and uncoupling from ion channel modulation. In the absence of recombinant Homer protein overexpression, uncoupling of mGluRs from voltage dependent channels can be induced by expression of Preso1, an adaptor of proline directed kinases that phosphorylates the Homer ligand and recruits binding of endogenous Homer proteins. Here we show that in SCG neurons expressing mGluR1 or 5 and the receptor tyrosine kinase TrkB, treatment with BDNF produces a similar uncoupling of the receptors from calcium channels. We investigated the pathways that mediate this uncoupling and compared it with uncoupling observed with Preso1 expression. Both BDNFand Preso1-induced uncoupling requires residues T1151 and S1154 in the mGluR1 Homer ligand (TPPSPF). Uncoupling via Preso1 but not BDNF was prevented by expression of a dominant negative Cdk5 suggesting endogenous Cdk5 mediates Preso1-dependent phosphorylation of mGluR. dnCDK5 did not block the BDNF effect but this was sensitive to inhibitors of the MEK-ERK kinase cascade. Interestingly, the BDNF pathway appeared to require native Preso1 binding to mGluR, as over-expression of the Preso1 FERM domain, which mediates the Preso1-mGluR interaction, prevented BDNF-induced uncoupling. These data suggest that BDNF-TrkB and CDK5 pathways converge at the level of mGluR to similarly induce Homer ligand phosphorylation, recruit Homer binding, and uncouple mGluRs from channel regulation. This article has not been copyedited and formatted. The final version may differ from this version. JPET Fast Forward. Published on February 8, 2017 as DOI: 10.1124/jpet.116. 238394 at A PE T Jornals on Feruary 0, 2017 jpet.asjournals. org D ow nladed from
Clustering based power management for green LTE networks

The power consumption of wireless access networks is becoming an important issue in the green cellular-technology. The concept of green 4G LTE system depends on enhanced design strategy of efficient LTE energy system in order to reduce greenhouse emission as well as operators energy bill. In this paper we have studied eNB sleep modes to identify the traffic awareness in LTE networks and subsequently design a cooperative communication framework for energy consumption reduction. We calculated the percentage of energy which can be saved with eNB sleep modes, proving that it can be close to 30% of the total network energy consumption.
Liposome-based polymer complex as a novel adjuvant: enhancement of specific antibody production and isotype switch

The aim of vaccination is to induce appropriate immunity against pathogens. Antibody-mediated immunity is critical for protection against many virus diseases, although it is becoming more evident that coordinated, multifunctional immune responses lead to the most effective defense. Specific antibody (Ab) isotypes are more efficient at protecting against pathogen invasion in different locations in the body. For example, compared to other Ab isotypes, immunoglobulin (Ig) A provides more protection at mucosal areas. In this study, we developed a cationic lipopolymer (liposome-polyethylene glycol-polyethyleneimine complex [LPPC]) adjuvant that strongly adsorbs antigens or immunomodulators onto its surface to enhance or switch immune responses. The results demonstrate that LPPC enhances uptake ability, surface marker expression, proinflammatory cytokine release, and antigen presentation in mouse phagocytes. In contrast to Freund’s adjuvant, LPPC preferentially activates Th1- immunity against antigens in vivo. With lipopolysaccharides or CpG oligodeoxynucleotides, LPPC dramatically enhances the IgA or IgG2A proportion of total Ig, even in hosts that have developed Th2 immunities and high IgG1 serum titers. Taken together, the results demonstrate that the LPPC adjuvant not only increases the immunogenicity of antigens but also modulates host immunity to produce an appropriate Ab isotype by combining with immunomodulators.
Protein kinetics determined in vivo with a multiple-tracer, single-sample protocol: application to lactase synthesis.

Precise analysis of the kinetics of protein/enzyme turnover in vivo has been hampered by the need to obtain multiple tissue samples at different times during the course of a continuous tracer infusion. We hypothesized that the problem could be overcome by using an overlapping (i.e., staggered) infusion of multiple stable amino acid isotopomers, which would take the place of multiple tissue samples. We have measured, in pigs, the in vivo synthesis rates of precursor (rapidly turning over) and mature (slowly turning over) polypeptides of lactase phlorizin hydrolase (LPH), a model for glycoprotein synthesis, by using an overlapping infusion of [2H3]leucine, [13C1]leucine, [13C1]phenylalanine, [2H5]phenylalanine, [13C6]phenylalanine, and [2H8]phenylalanine. Blood samples were collected at timed intervals, and the small intestine was collected at the end of the infusion. The tracer-to-tracee ratios of each isotopomer were measured in the plasma and jejunal free amino acid pools as well as in purified LPH polypeptides. These values were used to estimate kinetic parameters in vivo using a linear steady-state compartmental model. The fractional synthesis rates of the high-mannose, complex glycosylated and mature brush-border LPH polypeptides, so determined, were 3.3 ± 1.1%/min, 17.4 ± 11 %/min, and 0.089 ± 0.02 %/min, respectively. We conclude that this multiple-tracer, single-sample protocol is a practicable approach to the in vivo measurement of protein fractional synthesis rates when only a single tissue sample can be obtained. This method has broad application and should be particularly useful for studies in humans.