Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Disease-related Modifications in Tau Affect the Interaction between Fyn and Tau*

Microtubule-associated protein tau is the major component of the neurofibrillary tangles of Alzheimer disease (AD) and is genetically linked to frontotemporal dementias (FTDP-17). We have recently shown that tau interacts with the SH3 domain of Fyn, an Src family non-receptor tyrosine kinase, and is tyrosine-phosphorylated by Fyn on Tyr-18. Also, tyrosine-phosphorylated tau is present in the neuropathology of AD. To determine whether alterations in the tau-Fyn interaction might correlate with disease-related factors in AD and FTDP-17, we have performed real-time surface plasmon resonance studies on a panel of 21 tau constructs with Fyn SH3. We report that the interaction between Fyn SH3 and 3R-tau was 20-fold higher than that with 4R-tau. In addition, the affinity between 4R-tau and Fyn SH3 was increased 25–45-fold by phosphorylation-mimicking mutations or by FTDP-17 mutations. In vitro kinase reactions show that tau, with lower affinity SH3 interactions, exhibited a lower level of Tyr-18 phosphorylation under our reaction conditions. Lastly, we have demonstrated that tau is phosphorylated on Tyr-18 in the tau P301L mouse model for tauopathy (JNPL3). In summary, our results suggest that disease-related phosphorylation and missense mutations of tau increase association of tau with Fyn. Because these effects are mediated through the 4R component of the tau population, these results also have implications for the FTDP-17 diseases caused by increased expression of 4R-tau. Our data support a role for the Fyn-tau interaction in neurodegeneration.
Search engines tackle the desktop

As PC hard drives get bigger and new information sources become available, users will have much more data of different types, including multimedia, on their computers. This makes it increasingly difficult to find documents, e-mail messages, spreadsheets, audio clips, and other files. Current desktop-based search capabilities, such as those in Windows, are inadequate to meet this challenge. Desktop search features built into current operating systems, e-mail programs, and other applications have far fewer capabilities than Web search engines. They generally offer only simple keyword searches of a set of files, usually of a single file type. However, desktop search engines face the additional challenge of recognizing which of the many file types it is dealing with. The engines also must derive whatever metadata authors have chosen to include in e-mail notes, database files, and other document types. Desktop engines must be efficient and avoid imposing a substantial processing or memory load on the computer. Integrating desktop and Web search capabilities into the same application presents security and privacy challenges.
Quasi-Newton inversion of seismic first arrivals using source finite 1 bandwidth assumption : application to landslides characterization 2 from velocity and attenuation fields

Julien Gance (1,2), Gilles Grandjean(1), Kévin Samyn (1) and Jean-Philippe Malet (2) 6 7 8 9 (1) BRGM, Bureau de Recherches Géologiques et Minières, 3 Avenue Claude Guillemin, F-45060 10 Orléans, France 11 (2) Institut de Physique du Globe de Strasbourg, CNRS UM7516, EOST/Université de Strasbourg, 5 12 rue Descartes, 67084 Strasbourg Cedex, France. 13 14 Corresponding author: 15 Julien GANCE 16 BRGM, Natural Hazard Department. 17 3 Avenue Claude Guillemin BP36009 45060 Orléans Cedex 2, France 18 Phone : +33 (0)2 38 64 38 19 19 Fax : +33 (0)2 38 64 35 49 20 E-mail address: j.gance@brgm.fr 21 22
Research on Traffic Flow Optimization in Optical Network

Network load balancing is the ability to aggregate two or more wide area network (WAN) connections in order to achieve greater reliability and overall throughput. This paper discusses traffic technology and flow optimization in optical network. Performance optimization of networks is actually a control problem. Traffic engineering should provide sufficient control in an adaptive feedback control system. The tasks of a controller consist of modification of traffic management parameters, modification of routing parameters and modifications of resource attributes and constraints. Traffic flow optimization will make the network operating efficiently.
Undocumented Hispanic students and the postsecondary transition: a narrative perspective

iv Chapter 1: Introduction.1 The Relationship of Federal and State Government.5 Social Capital, Counseling, and the Postsecondary Transition.6 Problem Statement.7 Purpose of the Study.10 Research Questions.10 Conceptual Framework.11 Significance of the Study.13 Limitations.16 Organization of Dissertation.17 Chapter 2: Literature Review.19 Immigration Theory.20 Policy and Law Regarding Undocumented Students.22 Undocumented Students’ Access to Higher Education.25 Resilience of Undocumented Students.27 Advocacy for Undocumented Students.28 Racism/Critical Race Theory and Undocumented Students.32 Need for Further Research.34 Chapter 3: Methodology.36 Assumptions of and Rationale for a Qualitative Methodology.37 Strategy of Inquiry.40
Cue Competition and Incidental Learning: No Blocking or Overshadowing in the Colour-Word Contingency Learning Procedure Without Instructions to Learn

Overshadowing and blocking are two important findings that are frequently used to constrain models of associative learning. Overshadowing is the finding that learning about a cue (referred to as X) is reduced when that cue is always accompanied by a second cue (referred to as A) during the learning phase (AX). Blocking is the finding that after learning a stimulus-outcome relation for one stimulus (A), learning about a second stimulus (X) is reduced when the second stimulus is always accompanied by the first stimulus (AX). It remains unclear whether overshadowing and blocking result from explicit decision processes (e.g., “I know that A predicts the outcome, so I am not sure whether X does, too”), or whether cue competition is built directly into low-level association formation processes. In that vein, the present work examined whether overshadowing and/or blocking are present in an incidental learning procedure, where the predictive stimuli (words or shapes) are irrelevant to the cover task and merely correlated with the task-relevant stimulus dimension (colour). In two large online studies, we observed no evidence for overshadowing or blocking in this setup: (a) no evidence for an overshadowing cost was observed with compound (word-shape) cues relative to single cue learning conditions, and (b) contingency learning effects for blocked stimuli did not differ from those for blocking stimuli. However, when participants were given the explicit instructions to learn contingencies, evidence for blocking and overshadowing was observed. Together, these results suggest that contingencies of blocked/overshadowed stimuli are learned incidentally, but are suppressed by explicit decision processes due to knowledge of the contingencies for the blocking/overshadowing stimuli.
The Current Intervention Studies Based on Watson's Theory of Human Caring: A Systematic Review

This article reviewed 19 intervention studies based on Watson's Human Caring Theory between January 2005 and February 2018. The studies reviewed targeted on promoting patients', nurses', and nursing students' psychological health and patient care experiences. Most (15/19; 78.95%) of the studies in this review indicated that Watson's caring science-based interventions could decrease patients' emotional strains, increase patients' self-management confidence and emotional well-being, increase nurses' job satisfaction and engagement, and improve nursing students' confidence in the clinical performance and the awareness of caring behaviors. Nursing is a discipline that requires both scientific knowledge and the art of human caring.
CDB - A Database of Lexical Collocations

CDB is a relational database designed for the particular needs of representing lexical collocations. The relational model is defined such that competence-based descriptions of collocations (the competence base) and actually occurring collocation examples extracted from text corpora (the example base) complete each other. In the paper, the relational model is described and examples for the representation of German PP-verb collocations are given. A number of example queries are presented, and additional facilities which are built on top of the database are discussed.
Institutionalizing Web based education: a case study

Web-based education, started about 6 years ago, is growing by leaps and bound and is expected to reach almost 5 million students by 2006. Many players have already been eliminated but many more are emerging. Many institutions are at a cross road and in many cases their survival depends on how successfully they handle WBE. In this regard they can learn from early adopters of WBE and learn from their experiences both good and bad. This paper discusses WBE at one university, an early WBE adopter, and discusses their experiences and forthcoming challenges with WBE.
Service Management in a Dynamic E-Business Environment

Internet technologies are facilitating the development of an environment where companies are outsourcing activities that are not a part of their core competencies to third-party service providers. SLAs between the customer and service provider define the quality of service guarantees for the services provided. The management of these application services requires a framework that enables the service provider to offer services that are dynamic in nature, can be offered with differentiated levels of service to each customer, and can optimize the use of the service providers application resources to deliver the services in a cost effective manner. Although a number of frameworks have addressed each of these areas separately, to-date no framework has been proposed that provides an integrated approach to solving these issues. In this paper we present the design of dynamic service manager (DSM), a framework for the management of dynamic services in a service provider environment. DSM provides an integrated approach for dynamically building customer-specific services with associated quality guarantees, whilst managing the underlying application resources of the service provider so that the service is delivered in a cost effective manner. It enables the service provider to dynamically allocate application resources to customer requests and uses optimization techniques to do so in a cost effective manner. We experimentally demonstrate the efficacy of our approach through the construction and evaluation of two prototype applications which have been built using the DSM framework.
Intrusion of schizophrenics' idiosyncratic associations into their conceptual performance.

In an initial session for each S, 19 schizophrenic and 7 nonschizophrenic inpatients were instructed to give 10 associations which are "names of things" to each of three stimulus words which are category names (e.g., fruit). After approximately 2 wk. without medications, 5s performed a concept identification task which involved signaling whether or not names of specific items belonged to a given category. Names to be identified included instances of the category (e.g., apple), similar things (e.g., carrot) and dissimilar things (e.g., football). Also included were idiosyncratic associations given by S to the category word and idiosyncratic associations given by a different 5. Schizophrenic s produced significantly more idiosyncratic associations than nonschizophrenics on the initial association test. On the conceptual task, schizophrenics significantly more often identified their own idiosyncratic associations to the category names as instances of the category than they did for idiosyncratic associations from another patient. This suggests that at least some idiosyncratic intrusions in the conceptual performance of schizophrenics consist of preexisting associations, as predicted by response interference theories.
Social boundary of any two nodes in a social network

It is generally accepted that the driving forces of establishing connections among people are social influence and homophily. Both of them eventually lead to the proximity of any two related individuals to some extent. However, a person always can be featured with some attributes different from his/her social networking partners. Accordingly, one person's direct and indirect social relationships are likely to intersect with others at some nodes in social networks. In this work, we study the novel task of identifying the hidden boundary that divides the social network into disjoint social circles according to any pair of nodes which we call social boundary. We put forward two methods to separate the social circles of any two nodes and thus can find out the social boundary. One is based on label propagation and the other is based on perceptron network model. We apply the methods on synthetic and real networks, respectively. Finally, we demonstrate the areas in which it would be applied.
The Genome Sequence of the Rumen Methanogen Methanobrevibacter ruminantium Reveals New Possibilities for Controlling Ruminant Methane Emissions

Background Methane (CH4) is a potent greenhouse gas (GHG), having a global warming potential 21 times that of carbon dioxide (CO2). Methane emissions from agriculture represent around 40% of the emissions produced by human-related activities, the single largest source being enteric fermentation, mainly in ruminant livestock. Technologies to reduce these emissions are lacking. Ruminant methane is formed by the action of methanogenic archaea typified by Methanobrevibacter ruminantium, which is present in ruminants fed a wide variety of diets worldwide. To gain more insight into the lifestyle of a rumen methanogen, and to identify genes and proteins that can be targeted to reduce methane production, we have sequenced the 2.93 Mb genome of M. ruminantium M1, the first rumen methanogen genome to be completed. Methodology/Principal Findings The M1 genome was sequenced, annotated and subjected to comparative genomic and metabolic pathway analyses. Conserved and methanogen-specific gene sets suitable as targets for vaccine development or chemogenomic-based inhibition of rumen methanogens were identified. The feasibility of using a synthetic peptide-directed vaccinology approach to target epitopes of methanogen surface proteins was demonstrated. A prophage genome was described and its lytic enzyme, endoisopeptidase PeiR, was shown to lyse M1 cells in pure culture. A predicted stimulation of M1 growth by alcohols was demonstrated and microarray analyses indicated up-regulation of methanogenesis genes during co-culture with a hydrogen (H2) producing rumen bacterium. We also report the discovery of non-ribosomal peptide synthetases in M. ruminantium M1, the first reported in archaeal species. Conclusions/Significance The M1 genome sequence provides new insights into the lifestyle and cellular processes of this important rumen methanogen. It also defines vaccine and chemogenomic targets for broad inhibition of rumen methanogens and represents a significant contribution to worldwide efforts to mitigate ruminant methane emissions and reduce production of anthropogenic greenhouse gases.
Assessing and treating functional impairment in poststroke spasticity

Abstract Poststroke spasticity (PSS) is associated with significant consequences for a patient's functional status and quality of life. Nonetheless, no uniform definition of spasticity exists that can be utilized across clinical research settings, and difficulties in validating proper assessment tools—both clinical and nonclinical—complicate the ability to evaluate and appropriately treat spasticity. Consequently, the current state of defining, assessing, and treating spasticity requires improved consistency and ongoing validation as clinical research efforts advance. When selecting clinical measures for PSS assessment (e.g., the Modified Ashworth, Tone Assessment, Tardieu, Modified Rankin, and Disability Assessment scales, and the Barthel Index), it is critical to understand the levels of impairment or functional limitation each tool assesses as well as their benefits and limitations. The use of quantitative methods—such as electrophysiologic, biomechanical, and imaging techniques—adjunctive to traditional clinical measures also allows for sensitivity in quantifying the abnormal muscle activity associated with spasticity. In addition to accurate evaluation and assessment of PSS, realistic treatment goal setting for patients as well as family members and caregivers is critical, because it promotes motivation and cooperation as well as proper management of expectations and can favorably affect recovery. Goal attainment scaling has been shown to help organize, focus, and clarify the aims of treatment, thereby enhancing the PSS rehabilitative process. Furthermore, integration of therapeutic modalities and treatment strategies, including both nonpharmacologic intervention and pharmacotherapy, is also important for improved outcomes.
Bounded Incremental Real-Time Dynamic Programming

A real-time multi-step planning problem is characterized by alternating decision-making and execution processes, whole online decision-making time divided in slices between each execution, and the pressing need for policy that only relates to current step. We propose a new criterion to judge the optimality of a policy based on the upper and lower bound theory. This criterion guarantees that the agent can act earlier in a real-time decision process while an optimal policy with sufficient precision still remains. We prove that, under certain conditions, one can obtain an optimal policy with arbitrary precision using such an incremental method. We present a bounded incremental real-time dynamic programming algorithm (BIRTDP). In the experiments of two typical real-time simulation systems, BIRTDP outperforms the other state-of-the-art RTDP algorithms tested.
LyricsRadar: A Lyrics Retrieval System Based on Latent Topics of Lyrics

This paper presents a lyrics retrieval system called LyricsRadar that enables users to interactively browse song lyrics by visualizing their topics. Since conventional lyrics retrieval systems are based on simple word search, those systems often fail to reflect user’s intention behind a query when a word given as a query can be used in different contexts. For example, the word“tears”can appear not only in sad songs (e.g., feel heartrending), but also in happy songs (e.g., weep for joy). To overcome this limitation, we propose to automatically analyze and visualize topics of lyrics by using a well-known text analysis method called latent Dirichlet allocation (LDA). This enables LyricsRadar to offer two types of topic visualization. One is the topic radar chart that visualizes the relative weights of five latent topics of each song on a pentagon-shaped chart. The other is radar-like arrangement of all songs in a two-dimensional space in which song lyrics having similar topics are arranged close to each other. The subjective experiments using 6,902 Japanese popular songs showed that our system can appropriately navigate users to lyrics of interests.
Evaluating Intrusion‐Tolerant Certification Authority Systems

Various intrusion‐tolerant certification authority (CA) systems have been proposed to provide attack resilient certificate signing (or update) services. However, it is difficult to compare them against each other directly, due to the diversity in system organizations, threshold signature schemes, protocols and usage scenarios. We present a framework for intrusion‐tolerant CA system evaluation, which consists of three components, namely, an intrusion‐tolerant CA model, a threat model and a metric for comparative evaluation. The evaluation framework covers system organizations, protocols, usage scenarios, the period of certificate validity, the revocation rate and the mean time to recovery. Based on the framework, four representative systems are evaluated and compared in three typical usage scenarios, producing reasonable and insightful results. The interdependence between usage scenarios and system characteristics is investigated, providing a guideline to design better systems for different usage scenarios. The proposed framework provides an effective and practicable method to evaluate intrusion‐tolerant CA systems quantitatively, and helps customers to choose and configure an intrusion‐tolerant CA system. Moreover, the comparison results offer valuable insights to further improve the attack resilience of intrusion‐tolerant CA systems. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Low Birth Weight Predicts Higher Blood Pressure But Not Dermal Capillary Density in Two Populations

Abstract—The association between low birth weight and high blood pressure is well established, but underlying mechanisms remain undefined. Vascular rarefaction, which may elevate peripheral vascular resistance, has been observed in capillaries of young men at risk for hypertension and men who had low birth weight. We looked for evidence that capillary rarefaction explains the association of low birth weight with high blood pressure in two cohorts. Participants in study 1 included 107 healthy boys aged 6 to 16 years recruited at random from a single school. Study 2 included 61 members of a cohort recruited at birth and studied at age 24 years. Measurements included indices of current size, blood pressure by automated sphygmomanometer, and dermal capillary density by video capillaroscopy of dorsal index finger skin after 10 minutes of venous occlusion. Lower birth weight predicted higher systolic blood pressure in both studies: in study 1, 3.57 mm Hg/kg birth weight (after adjustment for current height, 95% confidence interval 0.38 to 6.75, P <0.05); in study 2, 122±12 mm Hg in low birth weight (<2 kg) versus 115±9 in controls (P <0.05). Dermal capillary density was not associated in either group with birth weight or systolic blood pressure. We have found no evidence in these 2 cohorts that reduced capillary density explains the associations between lower birth weight and higher blood pressure.
Enforcing system-wide control flow integrity for exploit detection and diagnosis

Modern malware like Stuxnet is complex and exploits multiple vulnerabilites in not only the user level processes but also the OS kernel to compromise a system. A main trait of such exploits is manipulation of control flow. There is a pressing need to diagnose such exploits. Existing solutions that monitor control flow either have large overhead or high false positives and false negatives, hence making their deployment impractical. In this paper, we present Total-CFI, an efficient and practical tool built on a software emulator, capable of exploit detection by enforcing system-wide Control Flow Integrity (CFI). Total-CFI performs punctual guest OS view reconstruction to identify key guest kernel semantics like processes, code modules and threads. It incorporates a novel thread stack identification algorithm that identifies the stack boundaries for different threads in the system. Furthermore, Total-CFI enforces a CFI policy - a combination of whitelist based and shadow call stack based approaches to monitor indirect control flows and detect exploits. We provide a proof-of-concept implementation of Total-CFI on DECAF, built on top of Qemu. We tested 25 commonly used programs and 7 recent real world exploits on Windows OS and found 0 false positives and 0 false negatives respectively. The boot time overhead was found to be no more than 64.1% and the average memory overhead was found to be 7.46KB per loaded module, making it feasible for hardware integration.