Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Barroco, Modernismo, Neobarroco

Ruben Dario is the first Spanish-language writer who vindicates Luis de Gongora’s works fully and unambiguously. His proposal is put forward in Cantos de vida y esperanza by means of the sonnet triptych “Trebol” and the opening poem "Yo soy aquel que ayer no mas decia", where he acknowledges the great influence of Gongora and Paul Verlaine. With a basis on this dialogue initiated by Dario, from early on critics have remarked the affinities between Modernism and Baroque. Still, underneath these affinities clearly there are significant differences, which I aim to develop in this paper along three comparative axes: politics, religion and language. Following this comparison, I posit that Modernism, through Dario, removes Baroque from its historical siting and places it among the artist’s modern dilemmas and contradictions when faced with society, thus establishing the fundamental lines of what will later emerge as Neobaroque.
Reexamination of the Time Series Evidence on Food Demand

The range of admissible price and income elasticity estimates is materially reduced in this investigation of a variety of procedures, including new methods for analyzing deflation bias. Mostly small effects are found for choice of index formula, base year, logarithmic versus linear form, definition of food consumption (e.g., physical versus expenditure measure), procedures related to time, and aggregation. However, the supply elasticity of food is found to be identifiable and to have a value greater than many have believed, providing a basis for deciding whether to favor demand estimates based on consumption-dependent or pricedependent regressions. The most frequently used deflators are inconsistent with the SlutskySchultz relation. Estimates are developed of three types of bias due to improper deflation (weight of food in deflator, correlation of deflator with residual, and formula nonconformities).
The Origins and Social Consequences of China's Hukou System

Throughout the 1950s China implemented a code of laws, regulations and programmes whose effect was formally to differentiate residential groups as a means to control population movement and mobility and to shape state developmental priorities. The hukou system, which emerged in the course of a decade, was integral to the collective transformation of the countryside, to a demographic strategy that restricted urbanization, and to the redefinition of city-countryside and state-society relations. This article offers a documentary study tracing the origins and development of the hukou system of population registration and control, and scrutinizes its relationship to a host of connected institutions, for clues to understanding distinctive features of China's developmental trajectory and social structure in the era of mobilizational collectivism. It considers the farreaching social consequences of the hukou system with particular attention to its implications for the creation of spatial hierarchies, especially its consequences for defining the position of villagers in the Chinese social system.
Triggering in Quantitative Diffusion Imaging with Single-Shot EPI

Purpose: the aim of this study was to evaluate any possible effects of brain motion, CSF pulsations and other possible sources of physiological motion in electrocardiographic (ECG) triggered and non-triggered single-shot echo-planar imaging (EPI) measurements of diffusion. Material and Methods: Three different triggering protocols were evaluated in 6 healthy volunteers: 1) ECG triggering with time delay (TD) 100 ms; 2) ECG triggering with TD 400 ms; and 3) no triggering at all. Results: the results obtained showed that white matter mean apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) values were similar for all triggering protocols and that the reproducibility in ADC measurements using diffusion-weighted (DW) EPI was good. the average standard deviation of the ADC values was, however, higher for ADC maps obtained without ECG triggering. Conclusion: the use of prospective diastolic ECG triggering significantly improves the accuracy of quantitative diffusion measurements but for routine clinical diffusion imaging, where quantitative data is of less importance, the accuracy obtained without ECG triggering can be considered adequate.
The Response of Hotels to Increasing Food Costs due to Food Shortages

During 2008–2009 the hotel industry in Hong Kong had to respond to a steady price increase in general food items and in basic food commodities. As most hotels in Hong Kong predict their food cost budgets a year in advance, these sudden and unexpected increases in food commodities came at a time when there was a downturn in the global economy in the wake of the financial crisis and a worldwide influenza A (H1N1) epidemic. There have been articles published in hospitality and tourism journals that have discussed the issue of food cost and control in hotels resulting from poor storage and purchasing, portion control, and preparation and production methods. However, none of the previous studies has examined the sudden and rapid increases in the cost of foods and the impact that this has had on the hotel industry. The measures adopted by Hong Kong hotels of different tiers to control or reduce expected food costs are analyzed in this study. This study employed a cross-sectional exploratory design, encompassing in-depth personal interviews with food and beverage managers and executive chefs in high-, mid- and low-tier hotels in Hong Kong. Empirical findings revealed that mid- and low-tier hotels found the increases in commodity prices challenging and thus employed innovative methods to combat rising food costs. High-tier hotels were more concerned about satisfying customers' needs by maintaining high-quality food products and services. The findings indicate that hotels and restaurants at all points of the market adopted functional strategies to increase their efficiency and profitability. Based on the operating experience of existing hotels, this study demonstrates that enhancing the quality of suppliers' commodities, good staff communication and training practices, and innovative ideas can improve a hotel's financial situation.
Anti-apoprotein B monoclonal antibodies detect human low density lipoprotein polymorphism.

Immunochemical polymorphism among human low density lipoproteins (LDL) isolated from different individuals was demonstrated through reduced binding of three monoclonal antibodies to some individual LDL using a solid phase radioimmunoassay. These three antibodies are members of a larger group of monoclonal antibodies previously shown to bind specifically to apoprotein B ( Curtiss , L.K., and Edgington , T. S. (1982) J. Biol. Chem. 257, 15213-15221; Tsao , B.P., Curtiss , L. K. , and Edgington , T.S. (1982) J. Biol. Chem. 257, 15222-15228). Those antibodies which distinguished human LDL polymorphism bound to the same or adjacent epitopes on LDL, for they were mutually exclusive in competitive binding experiments. Binding was unaffected by treatment with neuraminidase, with a mixture of glycosidases, or with competing glycoproteins; thus, the carbohydrate moiety of apoprotein B did not appear to influence the epitope recognized by these antibodies. When low density lipoproteins isolated from different individuals were studied, three different phenotypes were recognized; these corresponded to strong, weak, and intermediate binding of the three monoclonal antibodies. This division into three phenotypes is demonstrated to result from a genetic polymorphism; indeed, the data fit a model consisting of two co-dominant apoprotein B alleles, and the three phenotypes then correspond to the two human homozygotes and the heterozygote. The classical Ag antigen phenotype was determined for the LDL isolated from 10 individuals who were also studied with the monoclonal antibodies, and no correspondence was found between the different epitopes recognized by the five presumptive Ag allelic pairs, x/y, a1/d, c/g, t/z, or h/i, and the site recognized by the monoclonal antibodies. All of these data are discussed, and it is concluded that the most likely explanation for the difference in recognition of the two allelic forms of apoprotein B is an alteration in amino acid sequence resulting in a slightly different configuration of a single domain containing the epitopes recognized by the three monoclonal antibodies.
Revisiting South Korea's Import Demand Behavior: A Cointegration Analysis

Using cointegration techniques, the present study re-examines the long-run relationships of South Korea's aggregate import demand behavior. The present study considers four domestic activity variables; namely, gross domestic product, gross domestic product minus exports, national cash flow and final expenditure components for aggregate import demand in South Korea. The sample period covers quarterly data from 1970 to 2002. The present study provides empirical evidence of a cointegrating relation in the South Korea's import demand in which it is significant to South Korea's trade policy implication, particularly to improve external balances. Copyright 2005 East Asian Economic Association.
Freezing Properties of Disaccharide Solutions: Inhibition of Hexagonal Ice Crystal Growth and Formation of Cubic Ice

Numerous studies have been undertaken to preserve living bodies and cells from freezing by addition of cryoprotective agents including natural substances (e.g., sugars and proteins) and synthetic chemicals (e.g., glycerol and dimethyl sulfoxide). Trehalose and sucrose, which consist of fructose and glucose rings connected by a glycosidic bond, are naturally occurring disaccharide compounds found in cryoprotectants. Trehalose is primarily found in animals capable of enduring cold temperatures, whereas sucrose is typically found in plants (Crowe et al., 1988). Since these molecules are too large to permeate the biomembrane, the cryoprotective mechanism is considered to be different from those of cellpermeable substances, such as glycerol and dimethyl sulfoxide. One of the considerable mechanisms of disaccharide molecules operating as a cryoprotective agent of living cells is that they protect the lipid bilayer by making the hydrogen bonding during extracellular ice formation. Based on the interactions between disaccharide molecules and the lipid bilayer, it has been suggested that the molecular mechanism underlying this cryoprotective effect is the hydrogen bonding of trehalose molecules to the bilayer head group (Sum et al., 2003). A simulation of the interaction of the lipid bilayer with trehalose has revealed that only marginal changes occur in the lipid bilayer. Another considerable mechanism of disaccharide molecules of the cryoprotective effect for living cells is that they inhibit the growth of ice crystals in extracellular space. To reveal the inhibition mechanism of disaccharides on ice crystal growth, the interaction between the disaccharide and water molecules has been investigated both by macroscopic observations (for example, Sei et al., 2001; 2002; Sei & Gonda, 2004), where the melting point of disaccharide solutions has been determined, and by microscopic observations (for example, Wang & Tominaga, 1994; Kanno & Yamazaki, 2001; Akao et al., 2001; Branca et al., 1999a) where the interaction has been investigated via Raman or infra-red spectroscopy. Sei et al. (2001; 2002) found that the melting points of trehalose and sucrose solutions were lower than those expected by the molar freezing point depression. They explained this phenomenon by considering the ratio of the hydrated water around disaccharide molecules
Upper Limb Salvage With Microvascular Bone Transfer for Major Long-Bone Segmental Tumor Resections

A series of 14 young, active patients who underwent vascularized bone graft reconstructions of large (9–15 cm) segmental skeletal defects of the upper extremity resulting from resection of a variety of bony tumors is presented. Eight defects involved the proximal humerus and required shoulder joint reconstruction, two were mid humeral and four involved the distal radius. Surgical techniques for both distal radius reconstruction with vascularized iliac crest and vascularized fibular head and glenohumeral reconstruction using the vascularized fibula are described. Several cases are discussed in detail, including achievement of bony union, postoperative range of motion and pain, and each patient’s ability to resume activities. The literature is reviewed, and other reconstructive options for large bony defects of the upper extremity after tumor resection are discussed: nonvascularized bone grafts, allograft transfer, and custom prosthetic devices. The authors think that vascularized bone grafting offers the most favorable method of upper extremity salvage with preservation of joint function, especially at the shoulder.
Cross-cultural management and language studies within international business research: past and present paradigms and suggestions for future research

Our contribution seeks to (1) outline how cross-cultural management and, more recently, language studies developed as two interrelated subareas within international business research; (2) discuss the changing paradigms and orthodoxies under which empirical research in cross-cultural management and language studies has been executed, focusing in particular on what we consider shortcomings in past and present research; and (3) formulate our suggestions how research should develop in the future. As such, our contribution offers a critical reflection on the evolution of this research area over time, combining elements of descriptive retrospection and analysis of the current situation with the normative elements of a position paper.
The Effectiveness of the Consistency Management & Cooperative Discipline (CMCD) Model as a Student Empowerment and Achievement Enhancer: The Experiences of Two K-12 Inner-City School Systems.

Consistency Management and Cooperative Discipline (CMCD) is a research-based K-12 discipline management program that builds on shared responsibility for learning and classroom organization through the cultivation of democratic and participatory practices that are fair, inclusive, and caring. CMCD seeks to provide a stable and orderly learning environment in which students become self-disciplined and empowered, by experiencing greater responsibility. The number of schools that have adopted CMCD in the United States and England surpassed 211 schools (involving 120,000 students) in 2001. CMCD’s effectiveness assessment involved two vertical (K-12) clusters of schools, one in Houston and the other in Newark. Houston’s assessment was a descriptive one-group study, while Newark’s was a two-group quasiexperimental study involving a matched-pair of 228 CMCD and 228 Non-CMCD comparison students. The assessment findings indicated that, prior to CMCD’s implementation in 1995-96, four of the nine participating Houston schools had Teacher-Student Relationships’ mean scores above the national mean of 50, while the remaining five had scores below the national mean, but by the third year, all of the schools had achieved considerable gains, with eight schools achieving mean scores of 61% – 73%, considerably above the national average. Five of the eight schools achieved gains that were statistically significant. By the fourth year of CMCD’s implementation, all of the participating schools had also experienced a significant decline in the number of students referred to the offices of their principals, with a combined decrease from 1,017 to 268 in referrals, a 74% decline. Also, teachers in CMCD elementary schools indicated during the third year that they had been saving about 36 minutes daily as a result of CMCD practices, while middle school teachers indicated they had been saving 30-31 minutes daily (3.6 weeks annually), that would have been wasted on student conduct/disciplinary problems in preCMCD implementation years. In Newark, CMCD students, at the end of the first project implementation year, significantly outperformed their comparison cohort in math (effect size, 0.53; 70th percentile) and in reading (effect size, 0.26; 60 th percentile). This improvement in math performance among the students occurred even though the math component of the comprehensive reform model had not yet been installed. With the many benefits and factors that CMCD is capable of enhancing, the program could be implemented as a stand-alone school reform program or as a part of a comprehensive reform model involving math and reading.
The ESMO position paper on biosimilars in oncology: enhancing the provision of accurate education and information

The recent ESMO position paper on biosimilars in oncology1 was timely, given the rapidly increasing range of biologic medicines and the potential to develop biosimilar medicines in this area. As the position paper clearly states, biosimilar medicines can positively impact the financial sustainability of healthcare systems around the world.1 The paper also correctly highlights the importance of providing accurate information to all stakeholders involved. This is essential in order to avoid misunderstanding and misconceptions about biosimilar medicines. Biologic medicines, whether reference biologics or biosimilars, are recognised as being much more complex than traditional, chemically-synthesised drugs. A biosimilar, as defined by the EMA, is a biologic medicine that is similar to another biologic medicine that has already been authorised for use.2 A science-based regulatory framework has been established in the European Union (EU) since 2005 to ensure the development and approval of high-quality biosimilars; this framework is regularly reviewed and updated.3–5 The requirements for biosimilar development and approval are based on those that are in place for any biologic medicine; the manufacturer is required to demonstrate similarity to the reference medicine in terms of safety, efficacy and quality. This contrasts with the requirements for approval of generic versions of chemically synthesised, small-molecule drugs, which typically only require demonstration of identical structure and pharmacological …
Structural and enzymatic characterization of DR1281: A calcineurin‐like phosphoesterase from Deinococcus radiodurans

We have determined the crystal structure of DR1281 from Deinococcus radiodurans. DR1281 is a protein of unknown function with over 170 homologs found in prokaryotes and eukaryotes. To elucidate the molecular function of DR1281, its crystal structure at 2.3 Å resolution was determined and a series of biochemical screens for catalytic activity was performed. The crystal structure shows that DR1281 has two domains, a small α domain and a putative catalytic domain formed by a four‐layered structure of two β‐sheets flanked by five α‐helices on both sides. The small α domain interacts with other molecules in the asymmetric unit and contributes to the formation of oligomers. The structural comparison of the putative catalytic domain with known structures suggested its biochemical function to be a phosphatase, phosphodiesterase, nuclease, or nucleotidase. Structural analyses with its homologues also indicated that there is a dinuclear center at the interface of two domains formed by Asp8, Glu37, Asn38, Asn65, His148, His173, and His175. An absolute requirement of metal ions for activity has been proved by enzymatic assay with various divalent metal ions. A panel of general enzymatic assays of DR1281 revealed metal‐dependent catalytic activity toward model substrates for phosphatases (p‐nitrophenyl phosphate) and phosphodiesterases (bis‐p‐nitrophenyl phosphate). Subsequent secondary enzymatic screens with natural substrates demonstrated significant phosphatase activity toward phosphoenolpyruvate and phosphodiesterase activity toward 2′,3′‐cAMP. Thus, our structural and enzymatic studies have identified the biochemical function of DR1281 as a novel phosphatase/phosphodiesterase and disclosed key conserved residues involved in metal binding and catalytic activity. Proteins 2008. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Securing information assets

In today's competitive environment, organizations succeed or fail based on how well they manage information. To address this reality, organizations spend millions, if not billions, on securing their information advantages. New information technologies and methodologies are adopted, while old ones are dismantled or upgraded. To win, the information manager must constantly seek to outperform his or her competition. In this article the author asks how he or she does it? Perhaps by acquiring the best new technologies, hiring the most intelligent information professionals, and continuously keeping a watchful eye on the future. But, he asks, does having the best information, the best information systems, and the best information professionals, really pay off? Is there victory in sight? Or, is this just a continuous game with no clear winners?
Africa at a Turning Point?: Growth, Aid, and External Shocks

This book is a collection of essays that seeks to answer three interrelated sets of questions about Africa's recent growth recovery. The first set of essays addresses questions about the drivers and durability of Africa's growth. How different is current economic performance compared to Africa's long history of boom-bust cycles? Have African countries learned to avoid past mistakes and pursued the right policies? How much of the current performance depends on good luck such as favorable commodity prices or the recovery of external assistance and how much depends on hard-won economic policy reforms. A second set of essays looks at the role of donor flows. External assistance plays a larger role in Africa's growth story than in any other part of the developing world. As a result, the economic management of external assistance is a major public policy challenge, and donor behavior is a significant source of external risk. The third set of essays looks at questions arising from commodity price shocks especially from changes in the price of oil. Relative to factors such as policy failures, conflicts, and natural disasters, how important are commodity price shocks in explaining output variability in African countries? Compared to the oil price shocks in the 1970s, why have recent higher oil prices apparently had less impact on Africa's growth? Oil is also now an important source of revenue for several oil exporting countries in Africa; what are the economic challenges faced by those countries? How should one analyze the macroeconomic and distributional impact of external and oil price shocks? As the essays in this volume show, laying the policy and institutional basis for longer-term growth, managing volatile commodity prices and aid flows, and turning growth in average incomes into growth in all incomes remain formidable but manageable challenges if Africa is to reach its turning point.