Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Three Perspectives for Evaluating Human-Robot Interaction

The experience of interacting with a robot has been shown to be very diﬀerent in comparison to people’s interaction experience with other technologies and artifacts, and often has a strong social or emotional component – a fact that raises concerns related to evaluation. In this paper we outline how this diﬀerence is due in part to the general complexity of robots’ overall context of interaction, related to their dynamic presence in the real world and their tendency to invoke a sense of agency. A growing body of work in Human-Robot Interaction (HRI) focuses on exploring this overall context and tries to unpack what exactly is unique about interaction with robots, often through leveraging evaluation methods and frameworks designed for more-traditional HCI. We raise the concern that, due to these diﬀerences, HCI evaluation methods should be applied to HRI with care, and we present a survey of HCI evaluation tech-James
Metabotropic glutamate receptors in acutely isolated hippocampal astrocytes: Developmental changes of mGluR5 mRNA and functional expression

We previously found that 82% of glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP)‐positive hippocampal astrocytes acutely isolated from P1–10 rats responded to glutamate (Glu) with transient intracellular calcium increases via activation of a Group I metabotropic glutamate receptor (mGluR). Fewer cells responded to ATP and none to serotonin (5‐HT). In this study we asked the question whether hippocampal astrocytes in older animals retain this relative pattern of expression. We have found that 77% of GFAP (+) cells from P11–20 rats responded to 50 μM Glu, 43% to ATP, and none to 5‐HT. Thirty‐three percent of GFAP (+) cells from P25–35 rats responded to Glu, 12% to ATP and 3% to 5‐HT. In the case of the responses to Glu, pharmacological characterization and single‐cell RT‐PCR data confirmed that these responses were mediated by the mGluR5 subtype of group I mGluRs. Also, fewer (36%) GFAP mRNA (+) cells from P25–35 rats expressed detectable mGluR5 mRNA than those from P11–20 rats (77%). This number essentially corresponds to the number of GFAP(+) showing a Ca2+ response to Glu. Both mGluR5a and b were expressed with equal frequency in cells from P11–20 rats, but the b form predominated in cells from older animals. Overall, our studies show that expression of mGluR5 in hippocampal astrocytes decreases with increasing age and the “a” splice variant declines to a greater extent than the “b” splice variant, corresponding to the developmental changes shown in total tissue for mGluR5. GLIA 29:70–80, 2000. © 2000 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Dynamic Transperineal Ultrasound in the Workup of Men With Obstructed Defecation: A Pilot Study

BACKGROUND: Dynamic transperineal ultrasound has been used in women for the noninvasive investigation of functional disorders of the posterior pelvic floor, but its use in men has been limited by technical difficulties related to the consistency of the male perineum. OBJECTIVES: The aim of this study was to explore the efficacy of dynamic transperineal ultrasound in diagnosing posterior pelvic floor dysfunction in men. DESIGN: This is a study of diagnostic accuracy. SETTINGS: This study was performed at a public hospital. PATIENTS: Forty-six men with symptoms of obstructed defecation were included. INTERVENTIONS: All patients underwent dynamic transperineal ultrasound 1 week after standard defecography with manometric confirmation when rectoanal dyssynergy was observed. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Images were obtained, and anorectal angles were measured under resting conditions and during maximal strain. The accuracy of the sonographic method in diagnosing pelvic floor alterations was assessed against defecography (reference method). RESULTS: Anorectal angles measured with ultrasound and defecography were not significantly different under resting conditions or maximum strain. Sonographic and reference method findings were concordant in 41 (89.1%) of the cases (25 with rectoanal intussusceptions, 7 with rectorectal intussusceptions, 8 with rectoanal dyssynergy, and 1 with rectorectal intussusception and dyssynergy). In 1 patient with rectoanal intussusception, dynamic transperineal ultrasound was nondiagnostic (low image quality probably due to dehydration of perineal tissues). Discordant dynamic transperineal ultrasound findings included normal findings in another patient with rectoanal intussusception, diagnosis of rectoanal intussusception in 2 men with rectorectal intussusception, and failure to detect dyssynergy in a second patient with rectorectal intussusception and dyssynergy. The sensitivity, specificity, and Cohen &kgr; indices for dynamic transperineal ultrasound were 92.6%, 90.5%, and 82% (rectoanal intussusception); 81.8%, 100%, and 87% (rectorectal intussusception); 90%, 100%, and 93% (rectoanal dyssynergy). LIMITATIONS: This study was limited by its small size and by the absence of patients with other morphofunctional disorders associated with obstructed defecation. CONCLUSIONS: Dynamic transperineal ultrasound is potentially useful for diagnosis and follow-up of posterior pelvic floor dysfunction in men.
Predictors of early-stage left ventricular dysfunction in type 2 diabetes: results of DYDA study

Background: Better knowledge of prevalence and early-stage determinants of subclinical left ventricular dysfunction (LVD) in type 2 diabetes would be useful to design prevention strategies. The objective of the LVD in Diabetes (DYDA) study was to assess these points in patients without established cardiac disease. Method: Baseline clinical, ECG, laboratory and echocardiographic data from 751 patients (61 ± 7 years, 59% hypertensive) recruited by 37 Italian diabetes clinics were analysed. Clinical history, life habits, laboratory data (NT-proBNP, HsCRP, HbA1c, serum glucose, lipids and creatinine, liver enzymes, microalbuminuria, glomerular filtrate) and data on microvascular complications and drug therapy were collected. Results: LVD was present in 59.9% of patients. Age (OR 1.05, 95% CI [1.02–1.07]), HbA1c (OR 1.27, 95% CI [1.09–1.49]), triglycerides (OR 1.003, 95% CI [1.001–1.006]), treatment with metformin (OR 1.62, 95% CI [1.09–2.40]) and doxazosine (OR 2.48, 95% CI [1.10–5.55]) were independent predictors of LVD. Glitazones were associated with reduced risk of diastolic dysfunction (OR 0.44, 95% CI [0.22–0.87]) whereas waist circumference and metformin were adversely associated with systolic dysfunction (OR 1.02, 95% CI [1.01–1.04] and 1.57, 95% CI [1.01–2.43], respectively). Conclusion: In asymptomatic and fairly controlled diabetic patients, age, worse HbA1c, traits of insulin resistance, such as visceral adiposity and triglycerides or treatment with metformin, and use of doxazosin indicate greater risk of LVD. Glitazones, at this stage, seem to be associated with better diastolic performance.
Retinal hemodynamics during increased intraocular pressure.

The pathogenesis of primary chronic open-angle glaucoma (POAG) remains uncertain. It has been proposed that some of these patients may present with a deficiency in retinal hemodynamic autoregulation. It is also thought that visual field loss in POAG could be related to poor retinal perfusion. The present study was undertaken to evaluate the capacity of retinal autoregulation to maintain constant retinal circulation despite an acute rise in intraocular pressure (IOP). A total of 22 healthy subjects were recruited to this study. Retinal hemodynamics were assessed by digital video fluorescein angiograms using a scanning laser ophthalmoscope at normal (13.8 +/- 1.5 mmHg) and increased IOP (33.8 +/- 3.4 mmHg). Suction cups were used for raising the IOPs. The angiograms were performed at baseline and after 1 min of increased IOP. To quantify retinal hemodynamics the arm-retina time (ART) and arteriovenous passage time (AVP) were evaluated. The ART increased significantly from 9.4 +/- 1.8 to 11.8 +/- 2.2 s (P < 0.05) during elevated IOP, and the AVP was significantly prolonged from 1.6 +/- 0.4 to 3.0 +/- 0.8 s (P < 0.01) with IOP elevation as well. The increase in ART and AVP indicates an insufficiency of retinal autoregulation after an acute rise in IOP, even in healthy subjects. It appears that IOP values of > or = 30 mmHg may be detrimental to retinal perfusion in normals as well as in patients with POAG, who may have compromised retinal perfusion to begin with.
How Do Apps Evolve in Their Permission Requests? A Preliminary Study

We present a preliminary study to understand how apps evolve in their permission requests across different releases. We analyze over 14K releases of 227 Android apps, and we see how permission requests change and how they are used. We find that apps tend to request more permissions in their evolution, and many of the newly requested permissions are initially overprivileged. Our qualitative analysis, however, shows that the results that popular tools report on overprivileged apps may be biased by incomplete information or by other factors. Finally, we observe that when apps no longer request a permission, it does not necessarily mean that the new release offers less in terms of functionalities.
The Study on the Performance Evaluation of the Lean Supply Chain in Chain Retailers

As a new modern management thinking, Lean logistics provides a new development thinking for the logistics supply chain management in retailers. We can use performance evaluation to measure management effectiveness of lean supply chain. This paper creates a performance evaluation system from five perspectives based on the balanced scorecard, and proposes the evaluation model based on the rough set theory and neural networks. Through the case, this performance evaluating method is proved that it has better feasibility and accuracy, and it can offer the scientific basis for the lean supply chain management.
Capacitance computation of arbitrarily shaped conducting bodies by spacecraft surface charging analysis

This paper presents numerical estimation for the capacitance of an arbitrarily shaped conducting bodies based on the moment method with triangular patch modeling. The integral equation is evaluated numerically using a Gaussian quadrature method for triangles. The singular elements of the moment matrix are evaluated by using the Duffy transformation method. The Numerical data on the capacitance of conducting objects such as cuboid is presented. The computed results are compared with the previously published results. The findings of our study show that the Method of Moments is a more accurate method for the computation of free space capacitance.
Will strong quantum confinement effect limit low VCC logic application of III–V FINFETs?

We compared the impact of Fin LER and Lg variations in Si and In0.53Ga0. 47As FINFETs, for the first time. Better electrostatics in In0.53Ga0. 47As than in Si, due to higher effective channel length from lower SD doping in In0.53Ga0. 47As, reduces Lg variation impact. Strong quantum confinement effects in In0.53Ga0. 47As FINFET make them more sensitive to Fin LER variation than Si. However, the lower sensitivity to LG variation in In0.53Ga0. 47As FINFETs compensates for the increased variation from quantum confinement effect. Interestingly, by considering both Fin LER and LG variations, both devices show similar sensitivity to variation. We conclude that tighter control of Fin LER in In0.53Ga0. 47As together with improved short channel immunity will make III-VFINFETs a promising device for 0.5V and below logic applications.
Bioturbation, ecosystem functioning and community structure

Abstract. The effect of community structure on the functioning of the ecosystem is an important issue in ecology due to continuing global species loss. The influence of infaunal community structure on the functioning of marine systems is proposed here to act primarily through bioturbation of the sediment. Nutrient concentration in the water column, generated by release from the sediment, was used as a measure of ecosystem functioning. In situ and laboratory experiments showed a significant difference in nutrient concentrations with different species treatments. Bioturbation profiles showing the incorporation of tracer particles also differed between communities with different dominant species. The behavioural differences between infaunal species, generating different modes and rates of bioturbation, are therefore proposed to influence nutrient release. The presence and quantity of bioturbating infauna also influenced the amount of sediment suspended in the water column. The increase in surface area available for microbial activity may generate an increase in nutrient cycling. Abiotic influences on sediment structure, such as flow, may have a similar effect on nutrient concentration. Annular flumes used in both laboratory and in situ experiments to generate flow conditions produced a significant increase in ammonia (NH4-N) production in macrofaunal treatments. Flow may influence the behaviour of macrofaunal species, causing changes in NH4-N production through modifying bioturbation of the sediment. Keywords: bioturbation, community structure, ccosystem functioning, estuaries, flow, infauna
The Teacher ' s Role in School Improvement

In recent e ars, conIsierahle atteiition has beenl focused ol0 st udyi ,g the school inlpromeicnt procces an d ideintif ing and descrihing cffecti c schools and classroollil. \crss tlhe (ivcrsc bodies of research olle factor COOsistcitls appears to be critical: people. School personnel. particuilarly tcachcrs and principals, are a -ital link in imnprovement efforts. At tile Ic-cl of classroomn practice, teachers are sigllificant, if not the paranmollnt playscrs. A Purkcy and Smith indicate in their recent s nrthesis and critique of researchl on effective schools, change "sill not take place w ithout the support and commitmcnt of teachers."' Thus, failure to understand the relationship of teachers to the school impros\cIicnlt process can result in a corresponding failure to ilprove the lecl of cducationl pro\iidtlc h our schools O()n of the prinmary purposes of the Study of D)issemilnatioon IEfforts Supporting School Improscmclnt2 was to gaill greater insight into this rclatioinship, hb focusing on school improvementiit as the implementation of illeC culrricula anid instructional practices. )urinlg the course of tile stu(ly, we examilned efforts to implement 61 such innovsatise practices in schools and classrooms in 146 districts nationwide. What wce found is that throughout the countrs, teachers are experimenting with and implementing new practices with remarkahle success More specifically, we fotid that new practices that havc been implemented have remained in use (C\ee though some were adopted as early as 1974) and resulted in considerable
Visual and vestibular reflexes that stabilize gaze in the chameleon

Abstract Spontaneous eye movements as well as visual, vestibular, and proprioceptive cervical reflexes which contribute to gaze stabilization were investigated in the chameleon using the magnetic search-coil technique. The oculomotor range of each eye was very large (180 deg horizontally × 80 deg vertically). Spontaneous ocular saccades were independent in the two eyes and could have very large amplitudes. The fast phases of nystagmus during the stabilization reflexes were also independent in the eyes. In the head-restrained condition, optokinetic nystagmus (OKN) had a low gain in both horizontal and vertical planes (0.35 at 5 deg/s) and showed little binocular interaction. The vestibulo-ocular reflex (VOR) exhibited a low gain (0.2–0.3 from 0.05–1 Hz) and a high-phase lead at low frequency (140 deg at 0.05 Hz). Rotation of the animal in the presence of a visible surround increased the overall gain of gaze stabilization to 0.4–0.5 (P < 0.01) and considerably reduced the phase lead (38 deg at 0.05 Hz). In the head-free condition, head and eye reflexes were active simultaneously during both optokinetic and vestibular stimulation, but nystagmic head movements appeared only occasionally with a rather loose eye-head coordination. During optokinetic stimulation, eye movements contributed more than head movements to gaze stabilization, whereas, during vestibular or visuo-vestibular stimulation, the relative contribution of eye and head responses varied with stimulus frequency. When the head was freed, overall gain for gaze stabilization increased from 0.35 to 0.45 (P < 0.05) for optokinetic stimulation at 5 deg/s and from 0.2–0.3 to 0.4–0.75 (P < 0.001) for vestibular stimulation at 0.05–1 Hz. Optimal gaze stabilization (gain of 0.8) was only obtained with combined visual and vestibular stimulation in the free-head condition. Cervical stimulation provoked a compensatory cervico-ocular reflex (COR) with a gain of 0.2–0.4 as well as ocular saccades, which were especially numerous in the presence of a visual surround. The direction of these saccades alternated between compensatory and anti-compensatory.
Pathogenicity of Fusarium species causing head blight in barley

The pathogenicity of eight Fusarium species causing fusarium head blight (FHB) in barley was studied under controlled conditions. Six barley genotypes varying in resistance to FHB were artificially inoculated with six isolates each of F. acuminatum, F. avenaceum, F. crookwellense, F. culmorum, F. equiseti, F. graminearum, F. poae and F. sporotrichioides 10-14 d after heading. Symptoms of FHB were rated as disease severity using a 0-9 scale, 4, 7, 14, 21 and 28 d after inoculation, and as percentage of infected spikelets (IS) after 21 d. All species tested caused head blight symptoms on the barley genotypes, but only F. crookwellense, F. culmorum and F. graminearum resulted in severe disease development (> 65% IS) and were considered highly pathogenic. Fusarium avenaceum had 48% IS, which was significantly lower than those of the three highly pathogenic species and was moderately pathogenic. The remaining species had < 15% IS and were weakly pathogenic. There were significant differences (P < 0.05) in aggressiveness among isolates within species and in susceptibility among barley genotypes, suggesting that screening for resistance to FHB requires the use of aggressive isolates or a mixture of several isolates. This is the first report showing that F. crookwellense is highly pathogenic and F. avenaceum is moderately pathogenic on barley.
Predicting enzymatic function from global binding site descriptors

Due to the rising number of solved protein structures, computer‐based techniques for automatic protein functional annotation and classification into families are of high scientific interest. DoGSiteScorer automatically calculates global descriptors for self‐predicted pockets based on the 3D structure of a protein. Protein function predictors on three levels with increasing granularity are built by use of a support vector machine (SVM), based on descriptors of 26632 pockets from enzymes with known structure and enzyme classification. The SVM models represent a generalization of the available descriptor space for each enzyme class, subclass, and substrate‐specific sub‐subclass. Cross‐validation studies show accuracies of 68.2% for predicting the correct main class and accuracies between 62.8% and 80.9% for the six subclasses. Substrate‐specific recall rates for a kinase subset are 53.8%. Furthermore, application studies show the ability of the method for predicting the function of unknown proteins and gaining valuable information for the function prediction field. Proteins 2013. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Higher Stages of Human Development

Humanistic and transpersonal psychologies have eclipsed a focus solely on pathology assessment and treatment to a broader focus on the human being's growth toward optimal functioning, often called self-actualization. Paradoxically, Maslow recognized that peak experiences often lead the self- actualizing individual to transcend the personal concerns of the very self that was being actualized. The ego moves away from focusing on its traits and toward a consolidation of identity. Qualities associated with higher stages of ego development are very similar to qualities associated with spiritual transformation: a consistent sense of presence, an authenticity, and a lightness or ease of being. Descriptions of people functioning at an optimal level include increasing flexibility, conceptual complexity, and tolerance for ambiguity; recognition and acceptance of internal contradictions; a broader and more complex understanding of the self, others, and the self in relation to others; internalized self-control and emotional self-regulation; transcendence of ego boundaries; transparency; "postambivalence" i.e., total wholehearted and unconflicted love, acceptance, and self-expression. We examine three realms of development: ego growth, soul embodiment, and spirit realization succinctly stated by Teilhard de Chardin: "First, be. Secondly, love. Finally, worship".
Medication Adherence in Patients With Dementia: An Austrian Cohort Study

Sustained treatment with effective doses of cholinesterase inhibitors or memantine is crucial to transfer treatment effects in dementia. Numerous studies, with often small samples sizes, describe low adherence rates. The purpose of current study was to examine the medical adherence of antidementia therapy in Austria. We analyzed the data of 10 Austrian Health Insurance Funds, including treatment-naive dementia patients. Study outcome measures were discontinuation, switching, number of days on therapy, Medication-Possession-Ratio, and compliance. A total of 15,809 patients (mean age: 79.9 y, female: 67.3%) met the study’s inclusion criteria. After stratification by index medication there were 40.3% on donepezil (n=6371); 26.6% on rivastigmine (n=4206); 15.3% on galantamine (n=2424); and 17.8% on memantine (n=2808). After 6 and 12 months on therapy, 5376 (34.0%) and 9243 (58.5%) patients stopped the initially prescribed antidementia therapy; after 12 months the highest discontinuation rate was seen for patients taking rivastigmine (67.3%), whereas patients on memantine (45.0%) had the lowest. After 12 months, a total of 1874 (11.9%) patients switched from their index medication to another cholinesterase inhibitor or memantine. A total of 6163 patients (39.0%) were compliant (Medication-Possession-Ratio >80%) during the first 6 months and 5366 patients (33.9%) during 12 months of the study. Our study shows that memantine-treated patients adhere significantly better to treatment. Specifically, after 12 months, 45.0% discontinued medication, 7.9% switched, and 50.8% of patients on therapy were compliant.
An Improved Evolutionary Algorithm for Reducing the Number of Function Evaluations

AbstractMany engineering applications can be approached as optimization problems whose solution commonly involves the execution of computational expensive objective functions. Recently, Evolutionary Algorithms (EAs) are gaining popularity for solving complex problems that are encountered in many disciplines, delivering a more robust and effective way to locate global optima in comparison to classical optimization methods. However, applying EA’s to real-world problems demands a large number of function evaluations before delivering a satisfying result. Under such circumstances, several EAs have been adapted to reduce the number of function evaluations by using alternative models to substitute the original objective function. Despite such approaches employ a reduced number of function evaluations, the use of alternative models seriously affects their original EA search capacities and their solution accuracy. Recently, a new evolutionary method called the Adaptive Population with Reduced Evaluations (APRE) h.