Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Nonlinear Average Current Control Using Partial Current Measurement

This paper presents a nonlinear average current control method which regulates the true average of the inductor current by using the switch current as the feedback signal. The method is simple and requires no compensator design. Unlike existing average current control where the control bandwidth is limited to about one tenth of the switching frequency, the proposed control method has no limitation by the switching frequency and is very insensitive to switching noise. It combines the advantages of both peak current and linear average current control while overcoming their limitations. It can be used in both buck- and boost-derived topologies for a variety of applications requiring precise control of the input or output current, including battery charging using buck-derived topologies and power conditioning for solar and fuel cells using boost-derived topologies. Numerical simulation and experimental measurement results are presented along with theoretical development and analysis to demonstrate the operation principle and performance of the control method. Performance and general control characteristics of the method are also compared with existing linear average current control by using an averaged model. Switch current sensing methods for use with the control are also reviewed.
A joint model of word segmentation and phonological variation for English word-final /t/-deletion

Word-final /t/-deletion refers to a common phenomenon in spoken English where words such as /wEst/ “west” are pronounced as [wEs] “wes” in certain contexts. Phonological variation like this is common in naturally occurring speech. Current computational models of unsupervised word segmentation usually assume idealized input that is devoid of these kinds of variation. We extend a non-parametric model of word segmentation by adding phonological rules that map from underlying forms to surface forms to produce a mathematically well-defined joint model as a first step towards handling variation and segmentation in a single model. We analyse how our model handles /t/-deletion on a large corpus of transcribed speech, and show that the joint model can perform word segmentation and recover underlying /t/s. We find that Bigram dependencies are important for performing well on real data and for learning appropriate deletion probabilities for different contexts. 1
Variability of Fusion Vergence Measurements in Heterophoria

ABSTRACT Purpose: The aims of this study were to compare fusional vergence measurements between orthophoria, esophoria, and exophoria, and to determine the strength of correlations between fusional convergence and divergence and angle of deviation. Methods and materials: A cross-sectional study was performed in children with best-corrected visual acuity of 0.0 LogMAR in either eye, compensated heterophoria within 10 prism diopters (PD), full ocular rotations, presence of fusional vergence, and stereopsis (60 seconds of arc or better). Fusional amplitudes were compared between orthophoric and heterophoric children. The fusion reserve ratio was determined as compensating vergence divided by alternating cover test. Results: Five hundred and thirty children (7.66±1.20 years) were recruited to this study. The most common heterophoria was exophoria (n=181, 34.2% for near; n=20, 3.8% for distance). Exophoric children had significant lower mean positive fusional vergences (exophoria-orthophoria: P=0.003; exophoria-esophoria: P=0.035) for near (19.54±5.23 base-out) compared with children with orthophoria (20.48±4.83 base-out) and esophoria (22.27±5.60 base-out). Smaller convergence fusion amplitudes were associated with larger angles of deviation at near (rs=-0.115; P=0.008) and lower fusion reserve ratios were associated with larger angles of deviation at distance (rs=-0.848; P<0.001) and at near (rs=-0.770; P<0.001). Conclusions: Exophoric children have reduced convergence break points when compared with orthophoric and esophoric children. Vergence measurements, taking into consideration the baseline heterophoria, give important information about the ability of the patient to increase their vergence demand and maintain ocular alignment.
Red blood cell indices and iron status according to feeding practices in infants and young children

With the electronic counters routinely used, it has become practical to determine the concentration of hemoglobin, red cell indices, and RDW concurrently in association with transferrin saturation and ferritin in accordance with feeding practices. The 1028 infants and children aged 6 to 24 months, who had been mainly admitted with acute infectious or inflammatory diseases, were divided into three groups, i.e., children who were exclusively breast‐fed more than 6 months (group A), those who had been given iron‐fortified formula milk since birth (group B), and those who had been given breast milk for 5–6 months and then switched to the iron‐fortified formula (group C). Children with anemia comprised 34.8% (104/299) of group A, significantly more than 5.6% (34/608) of group B and 6.6% (8,/121) of group C (p < 0.001, respectively). Children with MCV < 70 fl comprised 39.5% (118/299) of group A, significantly more than 7.1% (43/608) of group B and 13.2% (16/121) of group C. Out of the total 146 patients with anemia, 82.2% (n= 120) had laboratory evidence of iron deficiency, which was mostly suggested by a dietery history. The sensitivity of MCV values < 70 fl in IDA patients was 90.0%; specificity was 53.8%. The sensitivity of RDW values ≥ 15% was 83.3%; specificity was 57.7%. The positive predictive value could be increased to 97.8% by combining MCV < 70 fl and RDW ≥ 15%. The sensitivity of serum ferritin concentrations < 10ng/ml was 62.4% and specificity was 100%. The sensitivity of transferrin saturation < 12% was 72.3% and specificity was 81.3%. By combining the hemoglobin with MCV and RDW in screening for iron deficiency, the diagnostic accuracy of IDA can be increased. We support the use of appropriately iron‐fortified weaning foods or the routine iron supplement starting at 6 months of age in exclusively breast‐fed infants.
Books on Algorithms 1. Computational Discrete Mathematics: Combinatorics and Graph Theory with Mathematica by Pemmaraju and Skiena. 2. Algorithms: Design Techniques and Analysis by Alsuwaiyel. 3. Computational Techniques of the Simplex Method by Maros. 4. Immunocomputing: Principles and Appliations 

1. Handbook of Graph Theory Edited by Gross and Yellen. Reviewed by William Gasarch. This is a massive (over 1000 pages) handbook that alleges to cover most of modern Graph Theory. Does it? Does it cover the parts relevant to theoretical computer scienct? If the reviewer were to ask random people to supply him with random questions about graph theory, and the reviewer looked them up, how well would the book do? Read the review and find out.
Fault-Tolerant Gathering of Mobile Robots with Weak Multiplicity Detection

There has been a wide interest in designing distributed algorithms for tiny robots. In particular, it has been shown that the robots can complete certain tasks even in the presence of faulty robots. In this paper, we focus on gathering of all non-faulty robots at a single point in presence of faulty robots. We propose a wait-free algorithm (i.e., no robot waits for other robots and algorithm instructs each robot to move in every step, unless it is already at the gathering location), that gathers all non-faulty robots in the semi-synchronous model without any agreement about the coordinate system and with weak multiplicity detection (i.e., a robot can detect if there are more than one robots at a point, but not their exact number) in the presence of at most n - 1 faulty robots for n ≥ 3. We show that the required capability for gathering robots is minimal in the above model, since relaxing it further makes gathering impossible to solve. Also, we introduce an intermediate scheduling model in between the asynchronous (i.e., no instantaneous movement or computation) and the semi-synchronous (i.e., both instantaneous movement and computation) as ASYNCIC, the asynchronous model with instantaneous computation. Then we propose another algorithm in ASYNCIC model for gathering all non-faulty robots with weak multiplicity detection without any agreement on the coordinate system in the presence of at most ⌊n/2⌋-2 faulty robots for n ≥ 7 starting from any configuration with at most one multiplicity excluding C* (0), C* (1/k), C* (1/2) and C* (1/2 + 1/k).
Adolescent Former Cigarette Smokers’ Vulnerability to Other Tobacco Products

This study examined the psychosocial risk characteristics of former smokers in comparison to nonsmokers, experimental smokers, and established smokers. Adolescents reported their tobacco use beliefs, attitudes, and behaviors via the Virginia Youth Tobacco Survey in 2007 (N = 2,067) and 2009 (N = 3,928). Multinomial logistic regression results showed former smokers had greater susceptibility to tobacco-related influences (peer smoking, industry advertising) and alternative tobacco use (smokeless tobacco, waterpipe/hookah) than nonsmokers and early experimenters and fewer psychosocial differences compared to advanced experimenters and established smokers. Findings highlight the need for addressing adolescents who are former smokers as a distinct group in prevention and cessation efforts. Implications and limitations are noted.
A comparison of women with breast cancer who do and do not seek support from the internet

The Internet potentially allows people with health concerns to obtain not only expert information about illnesses and diseases but also peer support. A postal survey of women with breast cancer (N = 78) investigated characteristics associated with their use of the Internet for information and support. Current users of the Internet were younger and reported less adequate family support and poorer mental health compared with those who were not using the net and not interested in using it. Family support differences in net use groups remained significant after controlling for age. The connection between net use and lower family support needs more exploration, and the findings have important implications for web-based health educators.
USE OF COMPUTER‐GENERATED IMAGES AND CONJOINT ANALYSIS TO INVESTIGATE SENSORY EXPECTATIONS

Consumers unfamiliar with passion-fruit juice were presented with 24 computer generated package images on which six packaging factors (background color, picture, information, brand, language and shape) had been manipulated and asked to give scores for six expected sensory attributes (sweetness, pureness, sharpness, refreshing, freshness, naturalness) and liking. Significant effects were obtained for each attribute, with background color and information being the most important. Consumers varying in Need For Cognition (NFC) were affected differently by the investigated features of the package. High NFC individuals used less of the packaging factors than low NFC subjects did.
Theoretical Analysis of a First-Order Azimuth-Steerable Superdirective Microphone Array

A first-order azimuth-steerable superdirectional microphone response can be constructed by means of a linear combination of three eigenbeams (monopole and two orthogonal dipoles). Via this method, we can construct any first-order directivity pattern (monopole, cardioid, hypercardioid, etc.) that can be electronically steered to a certain angle on the 2-D plane to capture the desired signal. In this paper, the superdirectional responses are generated via a planar microphone array with a square geometry. We analyze the influence of spatial aliasing on the captured desired signal and the directivity index. Furthermore, we investigate the sensitivity for uncorrelated sensor noise and the sensitivity for phase- and magnitude-errors on the individual sensors. Finally, two rules of thumb are derived to choose the size of the microphone array.
Culture‐led development and conflict over urban space: reimag(in)ing st petersburg, russia

Abstract Culture‐led projects have long been part of strategies to regenerate cities in advanced capitalist economies. In recent decades those projects also have become a focal point of urban development in post‐socialist cities. This study argues that an attempt to reimage(in)e the city of St Petersburg through its culture‐led flagship project, Mariinsky Theatre–2, has generated significant changes not only to its built fabric, but also to its social fabric. In the context of a post‐socialist city, this study examines how the urban space of the historical centre is being contested by its urban users, often on the basis of differences in perception, including the impacts of the culture‐led project on those perceptions. Civic awareness about social exclusion and inclusion in urban space is on the rise in this post‐socialist city.
Pheromone-mediated gene expression in the honey bee brain

We tested the hypothesis that queen mandibular pheromone (QMP) causes changes in gene expression in the brain of the adult worker honey bee, and that these changes can be correlated to the downstream behavioral responses induced by QMP. In support of the first hypothesis, cage experiments revealed that QMP transiently regulated expression of several hundred genes and chronically regulated the expression of 19 genes. Several of these genes were also affected by QMP in experiments with bee colonies in the field, demonstrating robust gene regulation by pheromone. To evaluate the second hypothesis, we focused on one function of QMP: delaying the transition from working in the hive (e.g., brood care, or “nursing”) to foraging. We compared the list of QMP-regulated genes with the lists of genes differentially regulated in nurse and forager brains generated in a separate study. QMP consistently activated “nursing genes” and repressed “foraging genes,” suggesting that QMP may delay behavioral maturation by regulating genes in the brain that produce these behavioral states. We also report here on an ortholog of the Drosophila transcription factor kruppel homolog 1 that was strongly regulated by QMP, especially in the mushroom bodies of the bee brain. These results demonstrate chronic gene regulation by a primer pheromone and illustrate the potential of genomics to trace the actions of a pheromone from perception to action, and thereby provide insights into how pheromones regulate social life.
The PRINTS database: a fine-grained protein sequence annotation and analysis resource—its status in 2012

The PRINTS database, now in its 21st year, houses a collection of diagnostic protein family ‘fingerprints’. Fingerprints are groups of conserved motifs, evident in multiple sequence alignments, whose unique inter-relationships provide distinctive signatures for particular protein families and structural/functional domains. As such, they may be used to assign uncharacterized sequences to known families, and hence to infer tentative functional, structural and/or evolutionary relationships. The February 2012 release (version 42.0) includes 2156 fingerprints, encoding 12 444 individual motifs, covering a range of globular and membrane proteins, modular polypeptides and so on. Here, we report the current status of the database, and introduce a number of recent developments that help both to render a variety of our annotation and analysis tools easier to use and to make them more widely available. Database URL: www.bioinf. manchester.ac. uk/dbbrowser/PRINTS/
Severe acute asthma in a pediatric intensive care unit: six years' experience.

The management of children with severe acute asthma who required admission to the intensive care (ICU) of this hospital during 1982 to 1988 was reviewed retrospectively. A total of 89 children were admitted to the ICU on 125 occasions. During the study period, 24% of the patients were admitted to the ICU on more than one occasion. Prior to admission to this hospital, patients had been symptomatic for a mean of 48 hours. Although all patients had received bronchodilators before admission to hospital, only 23% of patients had received oral corticosteroids. According to initial arterial blood gas values determined in the ICU, 77% of the patients had hypercapnia (PaCO2 greater than 45 mm Hg). The pharmacologic agents used in the ICU included nebulized beta 2-agonists (100% of admissions), theophylline (99%), steroids (94%), nebulized ipratropium bromide (10%), IV albuterol (38%), and IV isoproterenol (10%). Mechanical ventilation was necessary in 33% of admissions; the mean duration of ventilation was 32 hours. Ten patients had pneumothorax; in six cases, these were related to mechanical ventilation. Three of the patients who received mechanical ventilation died, representing a mortality of 7.5%. In each of these patients, sudden, severe asthma episodes had developed at home, resulting in respiratory arrest. They had evidence of hypoxic encephalopathy at the time of admission to the ICU and eventually were declared brain dead. It was concluded that delay in seeking medical care and underuse of oral corticosteroids at home may have contributed to the need for ICU admission. (ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
A zero-variance-based sampling scheme for Monte Carlo subsurface scattering

We simulate subsurface scattering using a Monte Carlo random walk in the volumetric medium under the surface. The simulation involves two steps: transition distance sampling and direction sampling. Traditionally, the pdfs used for this purpose emulate the underlying physical processes (exponential law for distance sampling pd(s) = σt e−sσt , phase function pph(ωo|ωi) for direction sampling). However, this sampling is purely local as it has no information about where the important parts of the entire domain are. In subsurface scattering simulation it is not useful to explore the medium far from the boundary, given that we are interested in paths that make it back out of the medium. This idea can be formalized using the notion of the importance function: A zero-variance estimator can be constructed by sampling paths proportionately to the product of the importance function and the classical pdfs [Hoogenboom 2008], and an approximation of this zerovariance ideal yields estimators with low variance. Dwivedi [1982] exploited this idea in deep-penetration transport problems such as reactor shielding. We show how this work can be adapted to reduce variance of subsurface scattering simulation.
Regulations and Governance in European Cities

In Europe today, the state is being challenged, and this is leading to renewed questioning of the linkages between social regulation and political regulation. Territories, or sub-national levels (particularly towns and cities), can constitute one level on which different types of regulation are enmeshed and structured, and where a mode of governance is structured. This paper reviews the uses of the concept of governance by those institutionalist or regulationist economists who address the issue of territory, and then proposes an analytical framework - a sociological conception of governance. Copyright Joint Editors and Blackwell Publishers Ltd 1998.
Modeling semantics and structure of discussion threads

The abundant knowledge in web communities has motivated the research interests in discussion threads. The dynamic nature of discussion threads poses interesting and challenging problems for computer scientists. Although techniques such as semantic models or structural models have been shown to be useful in a number of areas, they are inefficient in understanding discussion threads due to the temporal dependence among posts in a discussion thread. Such dependence causes that semantics and structure coupled with each other in discussion threads. In this paper, we propose a sparse coding-based model named SMSS to Simultaneously Model Semantic and Structure of discussion threads.
Assessment in Psychotherapy

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A Crowdsourced Database of Event Sequence Descriptions for the Acquisition of High-quality Script Knowledge

Scripts are standardized event sequences describing typical everyday activities, which play an important role in the computational modeling of cognitive abilities (in particular for natural language processing). We present a large-scale crowdsourced collection of explicit linguistic descriptions of script-specific event sequences (40 scenarios with 100 sequences each). The corpus is enriched with crowdsourced alignment annotation on a subset of the event descriptions, to be used in future work as seed data for automatic alignment of event descriptions (for example via clustering). The event descriptions to be aligned were chosen among those expected to have the strongest corrective effect on the clustering algorithm. The alignment annotation was evaluated against a gold standard of expert annotators. The resulting database of partially-aligned script-event descriptions provides a sound empirical basis for inducing high-quality script knowledge, as well as for any task involving alignment and paraphrase detection of events.
Blacks in the News: Television, Modern Racism and Cultural Change

Local news may be one vehicle through which television helps, inadvertently, both to preserve and to transform cultural values. Content analysis on the evening news on four Chicago television stations over a lengthy period suggests local television responds to viewing tastes of black audiences. However, data on these Chicago television news programs suggest racism still may be indirectly encouraged by normal crime and political coverage that depict blacks, in crime, as more physically threatening and, in politics, as more demanding than comparable white activists or leaders. Ironically, widespread employment of black television journalists suggests to viewers that racial discrimination is no longer a significant social problem. The mix of these two views of blacks encourages modern white racism—hostility, rejection and denial toward black aspirations—the study argues.