Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Mutations in the Tyrosine Kinase Domain of the Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor in Non–Small Cell Lung Cancer

We evaluated somatic genetic alterations in the kinase domain of the EGFR gene in the tumors of 219 non–small cell lung cancer patients of primarily Caucasian and African American origins. We identified 26 patients (12%) whose tumors had a mutation in the EGFR gene, and 11 (5%) patients carried novel genomic variations consistent with germ-line polymorphisms. All but one mutation were identified in Caucasian patients affected with adenocarcinoma. EGFR mutations were more frequent in women and in nonsmokers, but a significant portion of the affected patients were men (12 of 26) and current or past smokers accounted for half of the patients affected (13 of 26). Screening subjects with EGFR mutations may identify patients whose tumors could respond to targeted therapy using tyrosine kinase inhibitors.
Active Vision for Wearables

In this paper we report on our ongoing research on wearable active vision, where we have iteratively prototyped a wearable visual robot - a body mounted robot for which the main sensor is a camera. Two main areas have been studied: robot design and visual algorithms. In the design stage, we have analysed sensor placement through the computation of the field of view and body motion using a 3D model of the human form. A design methodology for the robot morphology was developed with the help of an optimisation algorithm based on the Pareto front. The wearability of the device has progressed over several iterations as have the sensor and control architectures. In terms of visual algorithms, we have studied methods of visual tracking fused with inertial sensors, real-time template tracking, human head pose recovery and more recently real-time simultaneous ego-localisation and autonomous 3D map building. Our main long-term application areas are enhanced remote collaboration and autonomous wearable assistants that use vision.
Influence of the Angelina Jolie Announcement and Insurance Reimbursement on Practice Patterns for Hereditary Breast Cancer

Lack of awareness, the stigma of carrying a genetic mutation, and economic factors are barriers to acceptance of BRCA genetic testing or appropriate risk management. We aimed to investigate the influence of Angelina Jolie's announcement of her medical experience and also health insurance reimbursement for BRCA gene testing on practice patterns for hereditary breast and ovarian cancer (HBOC). A survey regarding changes in practice patterns for HBOC before and after the announcement was conducted online. The rate of BRCA gene testing was obtained from the National Health Insurance Review and Assessment Service database. From May to August 2016, 70 physicians responded to the survey. Genetic testing recommendations and prophylactic management were increased after the announcement. Risk-reducing salpingo-oophorectomy and contralateral prophylactic mastectomy was significantly increased in BRCA carriers with breast cancer. The BRCA testing rate increased annually. Health insurance and a celebrity announcement were associated with increased genetic testing.
Acute Oxygen Sensing in Heme Oxygenase-2 Null Mice

Hemeoxygenase-2 (HO-2) is an antioxidant enzyme that can modulate recombinant maxi-K+ channels and has been proposed to be the acute O2 sensor in the carotid body (CB). We have tested the physiological contribution of this enzyme to O2 sensing using HO-2 null mice. HO-2 deficiency leads to a CB phenotype characterized by organ growth and alteration in the expression of stress-dependent genes, including the maxi-K+ channel α-subunit. However, sensitivity to hypoxia of CB is remarkably similar in HO-2 null animals and their control littermates. Moreover, the response to hypoxia in mouse and rat CB cells was maintained after blockade of maxi-K+ channels with iberiotoxin. Hypoxia responsiveness of the adrenal medulla (AM) (another acutely responding O2-sensitive organ) was also unaltered by HO-2 deficiency. Our data suggest that redox disregulation resulting from HO-2 deficiency affects maxi-K+ channel gene expression but it does not alter the intrinsic O2 sensitivity of CB or AM cells. Therefore, HO-2 is not a universally used acute O2 sensor.
Characterisation of a novel dual-control terahertz optical asymmetric demultiplexer switch

Application of terahertz optical asymmetric demultiplexer (TOAD) in ultrafast all-optical switching has received a great deal of interest in the last few years because of its simplicity and low switching energy [1]. However, existing TOAD switches see Fig. 1(a), suffer from asymmetrical switching window (SW) profile that results in high crosstalk, which in turn affects the bit error rate (BER) performance [1]. In this paper we present a novel method of saturating the semiconductor optical amplifier (SOA) by employing dual-control pulses that results in symmetrical switching window profile, thus reducing crosstalk.
A study of soil erosion on vertisols of the eastern Darling Downs, Queensland .I. Effects of surface conditions on soil movement within Contour Bay catchments

Effects of soil surface conditions on runoff and soil loss were studied on two major cracking clay soils of the Darling Downs, Queensland. Techniques used to measure soil loss between field contour bays under natural rainfall are described, and the results from 10 contour bay catchments (66 plot years) are presented. Soil movement was separated into rill, interrill, suspended sediment and channel deposition. Two slope lengths were considered (60 and 35 m), and interrill erosion appeared to be the major source of soil loss. Runoff and sediment concentration were both inversely related to surface cover and total soil movement was greatly reduced by surface cover. In an annual winter-wheat, summer-fallow system, removal of stubble resulted in soil movement of 29-62 t ha-1 year-1. Retention of stubble (stubble mulching) reduced soil movement to less than 5 t ha-1 year-1. Greater than 75% of the variance in soil movement from single events was explained by surface cover and peak runoff rate. Surface cover is a measure of the surface area protected from soil detachment and entrainment. Peak runoff rate describes the amount of energy or stream power available for detachment and entrainment.
Trust-based recommendation systems: an axiomatic approach

High-quality, personalized recommendations are a key feature in many online systems. Since these systems often have explicit knowledge of social network structures, the recommendations may incorporate this information. This paper focuses on networks that represent trust and recommendation systems that incorporate these trust relationships. The goal of a trust-based recommendation system is to generate personalized recommendations by aggregating the opinions of other users in the trust network. In analogy to prior work on voting and ranking systems, we use the axiomatic approach from the theory of social choice. We develop a set of five natural axioms that a trust-based recommendation system might be expected to satisfy. Then, we show that no system can simultaneously satisfy all the axioms. However, for any subset of four of the five axioms we exhibit a recommendation system that satisfies those axioms. Next we consider various ways of weakening the axioms, one of which leads to a unique recommendation system based on random walks. We consider other recommendation systems, including systems based on personalized PageRank, majority of majorities, and minimum cuts, and search for alternative axiomatizations that uniquely characterize these systems. Finally, we determine which of these systems are incentive compatible, meaning that groups of agents interested in manipulating recommendations can not induce others to share their opinion by lying about their votes or modifying their trust links. This is an important property for systems deployed in a monetized environment.
Statistical Resolution Limit for source localization in a MIMO context

In this paper, we derive the Multidimensional Statistical Resolution Limit (MSRL) to resolve two closely spaced targets using a widely spaced MIMO radar. Toward this end, we perform a hypothesis test formulation using the Generalized Likelihood Ratio Test (GLRT). More precisely, we link the MSRL to the minimum Signal-to-Noise Ratio (SNR) required to resolve two closely spaced targets, for a given probability of false alarm and for a given probability of detection. Finally, theoretical and numerical analysis of the MSRL are given for several scenarios (known/unknown parameters of interest and known/unknown noise variance) including lacunar arrays.
FACTORS AFFECTING THE SUCCESSFUL IMPLEMENTATION OF ICT PROJECTS IN GOVERNMENT

A government is a huge and complex organisation, whose operations and strategic focus could be greatly enhanced by the well focussed application of Information and Communication Technologies (ICT) to support improvements in productivity, management effectiveness and ultimately, the quality of services offered to citizens. While the benefits of ICT in government cannot be disputed, there are several concerns about its success as well as the strategies to be adopted in implementation of systems in various countries. In this paper, the characteristic challenges that developing nations face, which make ICT implementation in government fail to succeed are identified and synthesised. The paper presents results of literature review of case studies from both developed and developing countries and preliminary studies grounded in the Kenya e-Government reality. The key factors are identified, synthesised and categorised under common broad categories. This results in a rich picture of ICT implementation experience that helps to identify possible solutions. A descriptive framework for categorising key factors in ICT implementation in government illustrated with references to the literature is proposed. The input variables are categorised into factors for success (drivers and enablers), and factors for failure (barriers and inhibitors). The output variables are categorized into organisational and technological benefits. Finally, an action for success is proposed. This action includes suggestions for increasing the impact of factors for success while reducing the impact of factors for failure and use of available good practice.
Do Oro-anal Transit Markers Predict Which Children Would Benefit From Colonic Manometry Studies?

Objectives: The aim of the study was to compare oro-anal transit time (OTT) measured by radio-opaque markers with colon motility (CM) findings in children with chronic constipation and to assess clinical outcomes in children with chronic constipation evaluated by OTT and CM studies. Methods: Twenty-four children with chronic constipation (12 girls; median age 12 years [3–18 years]; median symptoms 87 months [6–186 months]) who underwent OTT and CM studies were reviewed. The OTT was determined using commercially available Sitzmarks. Patients were studied for a median of 23 months (4–60 months) and outcomes reviewed. Results: All 5 children with normal OTT had normal CM; however, only 47% (9/19) of children with slow OTT had an abnormal CM. The abnormal CM findings were total colonic pseudo-obstruction in 3 and left colonic pseudo-obstruction in 6 children. Of the 9 children with abnormal CM, 5 were managed surgically, 1 with medicine escalation, and 3 were lost to follow-up; all 6 children with known follow-up have more bowel movements and less soiling. Of the 15 children with normal CM, 10 were managed with medication escalation, 3 with behavioral intervention, and 2 surgically. Of these 15 children, 8 improved, 1 did not change, 2 worsened, and 4 were lost to follow-up. Conclusions: OTT studies may be helpful to predict which children should be referred for CM studies. Normal OTT studies may predict normal colon manometry; however, abnormal OTT studies may not predict abnormalities in colonic manometry in children with chronic constipation. Therefore, patients with slow transit marker studies should be assessed by colon manometry to evaluate colon neuromuscular integrity.
A Hypothesis on the Morphologic Differences Between Unna and Miescher Nevi on the Head and Neck, Based on Embryologic Bases

Abstract: Unna and Miescher nevi show very different morphologic features. The main difference is that melanocytes involve mainly the papillary dermis in Unna nevi, whereas they widely penetrate the reticular dermis in Miescher nevi. The reason for this behavior is not totally understood, but anatomical location might play a role, since because Unna nevi are mainly found on the trunk, whereas Miescher nevi are mainly found on the face. We decided to test this hypothesis in relative easy way: dermis from the frontal, temporal, maxillary, and mandibullary regions derives from the neural crest, whereas the dermis of the parietal/occipital regions originates from the paraxial mesoderm (somites and somitomeres). Therefore, we studied the morphology of 137 acquired melanocytic nevi from the head and neck and classified their locations in 7 areas: occipital, temporal, parietal, frontal, face, high neck, and low neck. From such areas, we distinguished 4 groups: area A (parietal + occipital + low neck); area B (face + temporal + frontal + high neck); area 1 (parietal and occipital); and area 2 (temporal and frontal). In region A, 97.30% of the nevi were of Unna type. In region B, 89.00% were of Miescher type. Region A had 76.60% of Unna type nevi, whereas region B had 98.89% of Miescher nevi. In area 1, 100% of the nevi were of Miescher type. In area 2, 86.67% of the nevi were of Unna type. Region 1 had 86.67% of the cranial Unna nevi, whereas region 2 had 100% of the cranial Miescher nevi. Moreover, 90.9% of the nevi from the low neck were of Unna type. In the high neck, 20% of nevi were of Unna type. Finally, 90.90% of Unna nevi were in the low neck, whereas 80% of Miescher nevi were in the high neck. We concluded that these findings supported the hypothesis that the embryologic differences of these areas of head and neck might play a role in the morphology of Unna and Miescher nevi.
Proving acceptability properties of relaxed nondeterministic approximate programs

Approximate program transformations such as skipping tasks [29, 30], loop perforation [21, 22, 35], reduction sampling [38], multiple selectable implementations [3, 4, 16, 38], dynamic knobs [16], synchronization elimination [20, 32], approximate function memoization [11],and approximate data types [34] produce programs that can execute at a variety of points in an underlying performance versus accuracy tradeoff space. These transformed programs have the ability to trade accuracy of their results for increased performance by dynamically and nondeterministically modifying variables that control their execution. We call such transformed programs relaxed programs because they have been extended with additional nondeterminism to relax their semantics and enable greater flexibility in their execution. We present language constructs for developing and specifying relaxed programs. We also present proof rules for reasoning about properties [28] which the program must satisfy to be acceptable. Our proof rules work with two kinds of acceptability properties: acceptability properties [28], which characterize desired relationships between the values of variables in the original and relaxed programs, and unary acceptability properties, which involve values only from a single (original or relaxed) program. The proof rules support a staged reasoning approach in which the majority of the reasoning effort works with the original program. Exploiting the common structure that the original and relaxed programs share, relational reasoning transfers reasoning effort from the original program to prove properties of the relaxed program. We have formalized the dynamic semantics of our target programming language and the proof rules in Coq and verified that the proof rules are sound with respect to the dynamic semantics. Our Coq implementation enables developers to obtain fully machine-checked verifications of their relaxed programs.
Authority and Environment: Institutional Landscapes in Rajasthan, India

To date, there have been few systematic assessments of the role of social institutions—rules, norms, and systems of authority and power—in creating and reconfiguring natural environments. In the desert grass and shrub lands of Rajasthan, India, where multiple, contending institutions govern village resources in a state of legal pluralism, the need for such research is pressing. Here, state political interventions vie against traditional common and semiprivate rule arrangements for control of valuable pasture and forest resources. This paper introduces an authority-centered theoretical vocabulary for such an analysis and reviews research conducted during 1993–1994 comparing four institutional forms to assess the role of institutions in configuring resource extraction decisions made by producers and in creating distinct and distinguishable biotic conditions. The study results demonstrate that responses to authority differ along axes of gender, caste, and class and so lead to varied decisions by produc.
Linking weathering and rock slope instability: non‐linear perspectives

Weathering is linked complexly to the erosion and evolution of rock slopes. Weathering influences both the strength of rock slopes and the stresses that act upon them. While weathering has often been portrayed in an over‐simplified way by those studying rock slope instability, in reality it consists of multiple processes, acting over different spatial and temporal scales, with many complex inter‐linkages. Through a demonstration of the sources of non‐linearities in rock slope weathering systems and their implications for rock slope instability, this paper proposes five key linkages worthy of further study. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
El Currículo de la Educación Básica en México: un Proyecto Educativo Flexible para la Atención a la Diversidad y el Fortalecimiento de la Sociedad Democrática

El presente trabajo proyecta una mirada en torno a los principios de la Educación Inclusiva como pre-requisito para comprender el diseño curricular y como condición necesaria para garantizar una educación pertinente, de calidad y en igualdad de oportunidades para la diversidad del alumnado que asiste a la Educación Básica en México. Al mismo tiempo, comunica los planteamientos centrales del actual diseño curricular en México a partir de la Articulación de la Educación Básica para advertir que una enseñanza centrada en la diversidad requiere la implementación de estrategias diversificadas y específicas. Finalmente, se comparte la experiencia de la Dirección de Educación Especial en el Distrito Federal de la Secretaría de Educación Pública de México para evidenciar los esfuerzos institucionales en torno al aprendizaje de alumnos y alumnas a través de propuestas derivadas de la investigación para acceder a las competencias expresadas en el diseño curricular.
Determining the significance of high-grade shear zones by using temperature-time paths, with examples from the Grenville orogen

Ductile shear zones preserve essential information on processes that are active in orogenic roots, but the significance of these zones is often difficult to interpret. Structural, petrologic, and geochronologic data from shear zones yield elements of the history that are not necessarily synchronous. However, by combining these data with temperature-time ( T-t ) paths, insights are obtained into the nature of shear zones, the relation between bounding blocks, and orogenic evolution of the deep crust. This procedure is illustrated with two examples from the mid-Proterozoic Grenville orogen. T-t paths from ∼1160 to ∼900 Ma are based on U-Pb dating of metamorphic minerals—including garnet (closure temperature, T c , >800 °C), monazite ( T c ≅ 725 °C), sphene ( T c ≅ 600 °C), and rutile ( T c ≅ 400 °C)—and 40 Ar/ 39 Ar hornblende ages ( T c ≅ 480°C). Comparison of T-t paths from adjacent blocks allows predictions about the significance, kinematics, and timing of displacement of shear zones. In the Grenville orogen, T-t paths can distinguish between major terrane boundaries (e.g., the Carthage-Colton shear zone) and within-terrane shear zones (e.g., the Bancroft shear zone). Thus, these data can also be used to identify individual tectonic terranes in the deep crust. This integrated approach to analysis of shear zones provides constraints needed to determine the nature and rate of deep orogenic processes in areas that are complicated by high metamorphic grades.
Phase I and pharmacologic study of paclitaxel and cisplatin with granulocyte colony-stimulating factor: neuromuscular toxicity is dose-limiting.

PURPOSE To determine the maximum-tolerated doses (MTD), the principal toxicities, and the pharmacologic behavior of high doses of Taxol (paclitaxel; Bristol-Myers Squibb, New York, NY) combined with cisplatin and granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF). PATIENTS AND METHODS Untreated and minimally pretreated solid-tumor patients received 24-hour infusions of Taxol on day 1 followed by cisplatin on day 2 and G-CSF, 5 micrograms/kg/d subcutaneously (SC), beginning on day 3. Treatment was repeated every 3 weeks. Starting doses of Taxol and cisplatin were 135 and 75 mg/m2, respectively. RESULTS The development of a severe peripheral neuropathy and/or severe myalgias precluded the chronic administration of Taxol and cisplatin with G-CSF at doses greater than 250 mg/m2 and 75 mg/m2, respectively. At this dose, the mean Taxol steady-state plasma concentration (Css) exceeds concentrations capable of inducing pertinent antimicrotubule effects in vitro. The severity of the neuropathy was related to the cumulative dose of Taxol, the magnitude of the dose administered during each treatment, and the presence of a pre-existing medical disorder associated with peripheral neuropathy. A proximal myopathy of modest severity also was documented. Although severe neutropenia occurred frequently, especially at the MTD, it was rarely associated with fever (8% of courses), and absolute neutrophil counts (ANCs) less than 500/microL never persisted for more than 5 days. Responses were noted in non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) and head and neck, breast, and esophageal cancers. CONCLUSION Taxol and cisplatin doses of 250 mg/m2 and 75 mg/m2, respectively, can be administered repetitively with G-CSF to untreated and minimally pretreated patients. However, these doses are not recommended for patients with pre-existing neuropathies until additional experience in high-risk patients is obtained. Although this Taxol dose is nearly 85% higher than the dose that can be combined with cisplatin in the absence of G-CSF, this high-dose regimen should not be used outside the investigational setting until a dose-response relationship has been demonstrated for Taxol in randomized clinical trials.
Comparison and analysis of the Lyapunov exponents of blood flow signal of healthy and stenotic artery

The Lyapunov exponent is an important index reflecting dynamic characteristics of nonlinear systems. In order to study the value of the largest Lyapunov exponent on diagnosing the arterial stenosis in various degrees, we acquired the blood flow signal on the healthy and stenotic internal carotid arterial in white rabbits by transcranial Doppler ultrasound and the collection system of Doppler ultrasound's signal designed by ourselves, calculated the largest Lyapunov exponents respectively, analyzed and compared the dynamic state of the blood flow. The results show that the largest Lyapunov exponents of the blood flow signal in the white rabbits with the healthy internal carotid arterial are negative, and the blood flow is non-chaos. The largest Lyapunov exponents of the blood flow signal in the white rabbits with the stenotic internal carotid arterial are positive, and the blood flow is chaos. The larger the value of the largest Lyapunov exponent is, the higher the degree of stenosis is. Perhaps, it will provide a new approach to diagnose the arterial stenosis.