Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Extreme genetic differences between queens and workers in hybridizing Pogonomyrmex harvester ants

The process of reproductive caste determination in eusocial insect colonies is generally understood to be mediated by environmental, rather than genetic factors. We present data demonstrating unexpected genetic differences between reproductive castes in a variant of the rough harvester ant, Pogonomyrmex rugosus var. fuscatus. Across multiple loci, queens were consistently more homozygous than expected, while workers were more heterozygous. Adult colony queens were divided into two highly divergent genetic groups, indicating the presence of two cryptic species, rather than a single population. The observed genetic differences between castes reflect differential representation of heterospecific and conspecific patrilines in these offspring groups. All workers were hybrids; by contrast, winged queens were nearly all pure–species. The complete lack of pure–species workers indicates a loss of worker potential in pure–species female offspring. Hybrids appear to be bipotential, but do not normally develop into reproductives because they are displaced by pure–species females in the reproductive pool. Genetic differences between reproductive castes are expected to be rare in non–hybridizing populations, but within hybrid zones they may be evolutionarily stable and thus much more likely to occur.
Detection of sentinel lymph nodes in gastric cancers based on immunohistochemical analysis of micrometastases

The sentinel lymph node (SN) theory has the potential to change the trend of surgery for gastric cancer that is based on wide resection of the stomach with dissection of regional lymph nodes. However, feasibility tests of SN mapping procedures in gastric cancers with analysis of micrometastasis are rare. This study aimed to estimate the clinical usefulness of SN mapping using a dual procedure with dye‐ and gamma probe‐guided techniques for gastric cancers, based on immunohistochemical staining (IHC) analysis.
Address Internetworking between WSNs and Internet supporting Web Services

There have been an increasing interest for wireless sensor networks as a new technology to realize the ubiquitous computing, and demands for internetworking technology between the wireless sensor networks and the Internet which is based on IP address. For this purpose, this paper proposes the internetworking scheme which allocating IP addresses to sensor node and internetworking based on the gateway-based integration for internetworking between the wireless sensor networks and the Internet. That is, the proposed scheme makes the access to the wireless sensor networks be serviced as like the web service with internetworking Internet IP address and ZigBee address which is allocated to the sensor node in wireless sensor networks. For validating the proposed scheme, we made experiments using Berkeley TinyOS, Mica Motes, and dual protocol stack based on ZigBee and IP.
Evaluation of Griseofulvin Binary and Ternary Solid Dispersions with HPMCAS

The stability and dissolution properties of griseofulvin binary and ternary solid dispersions were evaluated. Solid dispersions of griseofulvin and hydroxypropyl methylcellulose acetate succinate (HPMCAS) were prepared using the spray drying method. A third polymer, poly[N-(2-hydroxypropyl)methacrylate] (PHPMA), was incorporated to investigate its effect on the interaction of griseofulvin with HPMCAS. In this case, HPMCAS can form H bonds with griseofulvin directly; the addition of PHPMA to the solid dispersion may enhance the stability of the amorphous griseofulvin due to greater interaction with griseofulvin. The X-ray powder diffraction results showed that griseofulvin (binary and ternary solid dispersions) remained amorphous for more than 19 months stored at 85% RH compared with the spray-dried griseofulvin which crystallized totally within 24 h at ambient conditions. The Fourier transform infrared scan showed that griseofulvin carbonyl group formed hydrogen bonds with the hydroxyl group in the HPMCAS, which could explain the extended stability of the drug. Further broadening in the peak could be seen when PHPMA was added to the solid dispersion, which indicates stronger interaction. The glass transition temperatures increased in the ternary solid dispersions regardless of HPMCAS grade. The dissolution rate of the drug in the solid dispersion (both binary and ternary) has significantly increased when compared with the dissolution profile of the spray-dried griseofulvin. These results reveal significant stability of the amorphous form due to the hydrogen bond formation with the polymer. The addition of the third polymer improved the stability but had a minor impact on dissolution.
Influence of nursery microhabitats on the future abundance of a coral reef fish

Species habitat associations are often complex, making it difficult to assess their influence on populations. Among coral reef fishes, habitat requirements vary among species and with ontogeny, but the relative importance of nursery and adult-preferred habitats on future abundances remain unclear. Moreover, adult populations may be influenced by recruitment of juveniles and assessments of habitat importance should consider relative effects of juvenile abundance. We conducted surveys across 16 sites and 200 km of reef to identify the microhabitat preferences of juveniles, sub-adults and adults of the damselfish Pomacentrus moluccensis. Microhabitat preferences at different life-history stages were then combined with 6 years of juvenile abundance and microhabitat availability data to show that the availability of preferred juvenile microhabitat (corymbose corals) at the time of settlement was a strong predictor of future sub-adult and adult abundance. However, the influence of nursery microhabitats on future population size differed spatially and at some locations abundance of juveniles and adult microhabitat (branching corals) were better predictors of local populations. Our results demonstrate that while juvenile microhabitats are important nurseries, the abundance of coral-dependent fishes is not solely dependent on these microhabitats, especially when microhabitats are readily available or following large influxes of juveniles.
Intraocular pressure and systemic blood pressure: longitudinal perspective: the Beaver Dam Eye Study

Aim: To investigate the relation between change in systemic blood pressures and change in intraocular pressure. Methods: This was a population based study of people 43–86 years old living in Beaver Dam, Wisconsin. Measurements at baseline (1988–90) and 5 year follow up of systemic blood pressures, intraocular pressures, and history of use of blood pressure medications. Results: Intraocular pressures were significantly correlated with systolic and diastolic blood pressures at both baseline and follow up. There were significant direct correlations between changes in systemic blood pressures and changes in intraocular pressure. There was a 0.21 (95% CI: 0.16 to 0.27) mm Hg increase in IOP for a 10 mm Hg increase in systolic and 0.43 (0.35 to 0.52) mm Hg increase in IOP for a 10 mm Hg increase in diastolic blood pressure. Further adjustment for diabetes and medication use did not alter these associations. Decreased systolic or diastolic blood pressures of more than 10 mm Hg over 5 years were significantly associated with decreased IOP. Conclusions: Reduced systemic blood pressure is associated with reduced intraocular pressure. This finding should be evaluated in other studies, especially with respect to the possibility of resultant decreased risk of open angle glaucoma.
Bacterial infections in cirrhosis: Epidemiological changes with invasive procedures and norfloxacin prophylaxis

The extensive use of invasive procedures and of long‐term norfloxacin prophylaxis in the management of cirrhotic patients may have influenced the epidemiology of bacterial infections in cirrhosis. We conducted a prospective evaluation of all bacterial infections diagnosed in patients with cirrhosis in a Liver Unit between April 1998 and April 2000. A total of 405 patients presented 572 bacterial infections in 507 admissions. Spontaneous bacterial peritonitis was the most frequent infection (138 cases). Gram‐positive cocci were responsible for 53% of total bacterial infections in the study, being the main bacteria isolated in nosocomial infections (59%). Patients requiring treatment in an intensive care unit and those submitted to invasive procedures presented a higher rate of infections caused by gram‐positive cocci (77% vs. 48%, P < .001 and 58% vs. 40%, P < .02, respectively). Fifty percent of culture‐positive spontaneous bacterial peritonitis in patients on long‐term norfloxacin administration (n = 93) and 16% in patients not receiving this therapy (n = 414) were caused by quinolone‐resistant gram‐negative bacilli, P = . 01. The rate of culture‐positive spontaneous bacterial peritonitis caused by trimethoprim‐sulfamethoxazole–resistant gram‐negative bacilli was also very high in patients on long‐term norfloxacin administration (44% vs. 18%, P = .09). In conclusion, infections caused by gram‐positive cocci have markedly increased in cirrhosis. This phenomenon may be related to the current high degree of instrumentation of cirrhotic patients. Quinolone‐resistant spontaneous bacterial peritonitis constitutes an emergent problem in patients on long‐term norfloxacin prophylaxis, with trimethoprim‐sulfamethoxazole not being a valid alternative.
Identification of Four Classes of Brain Nicotinic Receptors Using β2 Mutant Mice

Although the expression patterns of the neuronal nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) subunits thus far described are known, the subunit composition of functional receptors in different brain areas is an ongoing question. Mice lacking the β2 subunit of the nAChR were used for receptor autoradiography studies and patch-clamp recording in thin brain slices. Four distinct types of nAChRs were identified, expanding on an existing classification [Alkondon M, Albuquerque EX (1993) Diversity of nicotinic acetylcholine receptors in rat hippocampal neurons. I. Pharmacological and functional evidence for distinct structural subtypes. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 265:1455–1473. ], and tentatively identifying the subunit composition of nAChRs in different brain regions. Type 1 nAChRs bind α-bungarotoxin, are not altered in β2 −/− mice, and contain the α7 subunit. Type 2 nAChRs contain the β2 subunit because they are absent in β2 −/− mice, bind all nicotinic agonists used with high affinity (excluding α-bungarotoxin), have an order of potency for nicotine ≫ cytisine in electrophysiological experiments, and are likely to be composed of α4β2 in most brain regions, with other α subunits contributing in specific areas. Type 3 nAChRs bind epibatidine with high affinity in equilibrium binding experiments and show that cytisine is as effective as nicotine in electrophysiological experiments; their distribution and persistence in β2 −/− mice strongly suggest a subunit composition of α3β4. Type 4 nAChRs bind cytisine and epibatidine with high affinity in equilibrium binding experiments and persist in β2 −/− mice; cytisine = nicotine in electrophysiological experiments. Type 4 nAChRs also exhibit faster desensitization than type 3 nAChRs at high doses of nicotine. Knock-out animals lacking individual α subunits should allow a further dissection of nAChR subclasses.
Spinning the revolving door: The governance of non-compliant psychiatric subjects on community treatment orders

This article examines the enactment of community treatment orders (CTOs) in Alberta, Canada to illustrate how civil law is used to constitute and govern psychiatric patients in the community. I argue that the logic of CTOs constitutes the psychiatric patient as a fractured subject who is simultaneously capable/incapable of making medical decisions and at risk/risky. These paradoxical characterizations highlight how depictions of rationality and choice are contingent on consenting to a pharmacological regime designed to normalize these patients. This construction functions to eliminate opportunities for rationally informed types of non-compliance and promotes hospitalization as the only way to manage harmful, risky and non-conforming individuals. I contend that CTOs are a flawed instrument of regulation that cannot manage ‘legally’ capable but non-compliant individuals.
IS-Supported Innovation for China's Research Community

Through the aegis of the National Natural Science Foundation of China (NSFC), China has embarked on an ambitious effort to regain prominence in innovation and academic contribution to knowledge after decades of relative neglect precipitated by the “cultural revolution. ” Unfortunately, initial efforts made during the last decade of the 20th century resulted in quick growth in knowledge quantity (e.g., publications) that failed to generate sound growth in knowledge quality (e.g., citations). Incentives in place were not producing desired results. An innovative collaborative Internet-based Science Information System (ISIS) was applied nation-wide in 2003 in China’s Research Community (CRC) with a variety of embedded incentives to rectify the situation. The system has been well received. In the year 2005 alone, ISIS helped the NSFC to process more than 53,000 on-line funding applications and 250,000 electronic reviews from 1,400 universities and research institutes in China. This paper is aimed at exploring Information Systems (IS) innovation impact from the perspective of incentive alignment based on CRC empirical results. Since the nation-wide application of ISIS in 2003, CRC outcomes have markedly improved. Discussion and directions for future research examine generalizability in the context of information systems for innovation and collaborative business. Conclusions are drawn.
CSG operations on point models with implicit connectivity

We propose point with implicit connectivity (PIC) as a new data structure for representing solid objects using points. In the PIC representation, an object is adaptively sampled into an octree, where each leaf cell contains at most one surface component of the object. Each surface component is represented by a vertex, together with inside/outside classification values of the cell corners. PIC objects are compact, feature-preserving, and supports easy construction of the boundary surfaces. To convert geometric objects into the PIC representation, we propose a sampling algorithm and use quadric error functions as error metrics. For CSG operations between PIC objects, we present a feature-preserving, adaptive CSG algorithm on the octrees. Our experiments show promising results for PIC objects with sharp features and large flat regions.
Being (Grand) Players: Review of Digital Games and their Potential to Enhance Intergenerational Interactions

ABSTRACT Recently, there has been growing interest in the way in which digital games can affect intergenerational interactions. Although the existing body of knowledge on intergenerational digital games is quite extensive, a systematic understanding of how digital games can enhance intergenerational interactions is still lacking. This paper reports on the state-of-the-art of current digital games and their utility in enhancing intergenerational interaction. Thirty-six papers published between 2006 and 2014 in English-language publications met inclusion criteria. The review presents sets of recommendations for designing game-mediated environments to enhance intergenerational interaction.
Elastic windows: design, implementation, and evaluation of multi‐window operations

Most windowing systems follow the independent overlapping windows approach, which emerged as an answer to the needs of early computer users. Due to advances in computers, display technology, and increased information needs, modern users demand more functionality from window management systems. We propose Elastic Windows with improved spatial layout and rapid multi‐window operations as an alternative to current window management strategies. In this approach, multi‐window operations are achieved by issuing operations on window groups hierarchically organized in a space‐filling tiled layout similar to TreeMaps.1 Sophisticated multi‐window operations have been developed to handle fast task‐switching and to structure the work environment of users to their rapidly changing needs. We claim that these multi‐window operations and the tiled spatial layout dynamics decrease the cognitive load on users by decreasing the number of window operations. This paper describes the Elastic Windows interface in detail and then presents a user study conducted to compare the performance of 12 users with Elastic Windows and traditional Independent Overlapping Windows. User performance was measured in terms of task environment setup, switching, and task execution for 2, 6, and 12 window situations. Elastic Windows users had statistically significantly faster performance for all tasks in 6 and 12 window situations. These results suggest promising possibilities for multiple window operations and hierarchical nesting, which can be applied to the next generation of tiled as well as overlapped window managers. © 1998 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
11 Ischaemia Reperfusion Injury in Kidney Transplantation

The disruption of an organ’s blood supply is obligatory in clinical transplantation occurring at the time of organ procurement. During this ischaemic period complex pathophysiological changes occur within the organ that leave it primed in a pro-inflammatory state. Although the re-establishment of blood flow is essential to halt ongoing ischaemic damage, the organ incurs additional injury. This paradoxical response to reperfusion is known as ischaemia reperfusion injury (IRI).
Party systems, electoral systems, and legislative fragmentation

Using electoral data from a nearly comprehensive set of the world’s electoral democracies (1992–2014), including 131 independent countries and one non-sovereign territory, this article develops an explanatory model of legislative fragmentation that incorporates electoral fragmentation, the territorial patterns of party support, district magnitude, specific electoral system effects, and the balance of personal and party vote components within the incentive structures generated by electoral rules. The analysis proves that there is a strong negative association between the territorial homogeneity of the vote and legislative fragmentation, and shows that those varieties of electoral rules that increase the salience of personal component in party-centred elections tend to enhance legislative fragmentation. Due to its statistical properties, the model allows for establishing the impact of each of the factors, as well as their relative weights, with a high degree of certainty.
Novel tunable bandstop filter using E-shaped dual mode resonator

This paper reports analysis and design of Novel Tunable Bandstop Filter utilizing E-shaped Dual Mode Resonator. The basic bandstop filter using E- shaped dual mode resonator is modified to a tunable bandstop filter with two discrete frequency states of 5 and 6 GHz having same fractional bandwidth of 5%. The centre frequency control is achieved by modifying the open stub inverter length using PIN diode. Bandwidth control is obtained by choosing appropriate value of resonator width, spacing between the resonator and the main line and controlling the normalized reactance slope parameter of a resonator. Simulation results of the tunable bandstop filter with and without biasing circuit using Micro-Stripes Software are reported. The simulated results show good agreement between the performance characteristics under forward and reverse bias conditions.
Comparative Effectiveness of Etanercept and Adalimumab in Patient Reported Outcomes and Injection-Related Tolerability

Objective To describe patient preferences in selecting specific biologics and compare clinical response using patient reported outcomes (PROs) among patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) started on different anti-tumor necrosis factor (TNF) therapies. Methods Participants were enrollees in Kaiser Permanente Northern California. Patients with RA who had at least two provider visits and started a new anti-TNF therapy from 10/2010–8/2011, were eligible for participation in this longitudinal study. Using a telephone survey, patient preferences in biologic selection and RAPID3, MDHAQ, and SF-12 scores were collected at baseline and at 6 months. Patient scores rating injection/infusion-site burning and stinging (ISBS) were collected at 6 months. Results In all, 267 patients with RA responded to the baseline survey, of whom 57% preferred an injectable biologic, 22% preferred an infused biologic, and 21% had no preference. Motivation for injectable biologics was convenience (92%) and for infusion therapy was dislike or lack of self-efficacy for self-injection (16%). After 6 months of treatment with anti-TNF, 70% of the 177 patients who answered the ISBS question reported ISBS with the last dose; on a scale of 1 (none) to 10 (worst), 41% of these reported a score of 2–5; and 29% reported a score of 6–10. Adalimumab users experienced 3.2 times (95% confidence interval 1.2–8.6) the level of ISBS that etanercept users experienced. There were no significant differences in RAPID3, MDHAQ, or SF-12 scores between etanercept or adalimumab initiators. Conclusion Convenience and fear of self-injection were important considerations to patients selecting a biologic drug. Although more convenient, adalimumab associated with more ISBS than did etanercept, and this rate was higher than reported in clinical trials. At 6 months, PROs did not differ between etanercept and adalimumab users.
Multiphysics Design Methodology of Permanent-Magnet Synchronous Motors

The contribution of powerful numerical calculation methods in the design procedure of electrical actuators is usually restricted to the analysis of structures with known geometric dimensions. This paper describes a computer-aided design tool with a multiphysics design methodology starting from datasheet specifications. It is operational from the first design phases due to the association of analytical and numerical approaches that are performed by the coupling of two software tools. The analytical study associates a coupled electromagnetic-thermal model with a gradient optimization algorithm and provides a quick first solution. This solution is then optimized, according to other criteria, by a further numerical study that is based on a finite-element model that is linked to a simplex algorithm. The vibratory behavior of the obtained solution is finally studied using modal analysis. This methodology is applied to design a permanent-magnet synchronous machine.
Ebola Virus Diseases in Africa: a commentary on its history, local and global context

Ebola Virus Disease (EVD) started as a minor infection in Uganda in 1974 and has been frequent in Central Africa Region for the past 40 years. For over 40 years, Ebola was treated as an African disease, called a fever and known by other names where occurrences have been frequent. EVD has become a global public health threat following the most recent outbreak in West Africa. By December 31, 2014, Ebola has infected more than 23,500 people in West Africa and killed over 9,500, nearly all in the three worst-affected countries of Guinea, Liberia and Sierra Leone. It is transmitted through blood, vomit, diarrhea and other bodily fluids but cultural attributes associate its etiology to man-made and supernatural causes, hence stemming public health approaches to contain EVD difficult. Distrust and conflict between two healing systems are rife necessitating an African Model of EVD care and prevention. The African model remains indispensable to understand EVD and developing appropriate EVD containing approaches.