Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Liberalism Radicalized: The Sexual Revolution, Multiculturalism, and the Rise of Identity Politics

Beginning in the 1950s, a more radical form of liberalism emerged in the academy that sowed the seeds for the sexual revolution and multiculturalism. Neo-progressivism mobilized the New Left of the 1960s, transformed American politics, and continues to dominate the cultural and political conversation today. It combines what neo-progressives call personal politics (the idea that American citizens have a right to all forms of self- expression) and cultural politics (the idea that cultural groups are entitled to special status) together as the twin pillars of a new identity politics. As a result, citizens today have more, not less, freedom from government in the realm of sexual expression, and the American electorate has been fractured into various groups.
Risk factors for postoperative nausea and vomiting in pediatric patients undergoing ambulatory dental treatment

Aim: This study aimed to determine the risk factors for postoperative nausea and vomiting (PONV) in children receiving dental treatment under general anesthesia and to identify the subcategories leading to risk formation. Materials and Methods: The study comprised of 100 American Society of Anesthesiologists I patients aged 2–7 years who were administered dental treatment under general anesthesia. Patients were evaluated with regard to PONV risk. Eight different independent risk factors were identified as follows: age, gender, weight, duration of anesthesia, duration of recovery, postoperative pain, rescue analgesia, and type of dental treatment. Classification and regression trees method was used to choose the best predictor for PONV. Results: The incidence of PONV was 25%. No significant difference was found between those with PONV and those without PONV with regard to gender, weight, duration of anesthesia, duration of recovery, or the type of dental treatment (P > 0.05). However, postoperative pain level and use of rescue analgesia with tenoxicam were both predictors of PONV (P < 0.05). For the postoperative pain (≤1.5) subgroup, age proved to be the best predictive variable. Conclusion: The risk limit for PONV was determined to be ≥5.5 years for children who underwent dental procedures under general anesthesia. Postoperative pain and rescue analgesia constituted risks for PONV.
Chemical heterogeneity of the periglomerular neurons in the olfactory bulb: A review

Periglomerular cells are interneurones that modulate the primary sensory information in the olfactory bulb. It was originally assumed that periglomerular cells constituted a homogeneous GABAergic population in the rat olfactory bulb, but in other species studies addressing this are scarce. However, several authors have shown that this neuronal type exhibits extraordinarily heterogeneous neurochemical features. The aim of this review is to compile and describe in detail the expression patterns of neuronal markers in the rat olfactory bulb, in particular in periglomerular cells, and to compare such information with previous data on other macrosmatic and microsmatic animals. Interspecies differences in the neurochemical composition of periglomerular cells could indicate different modes in the modulation of olfactory information.
Performance Analysis of Coarray-Based MUSIC in the Presence of Sensor Location Errors

Sparse linear arrays, such as co-prime and nested arrays, can resolve more uncorrelated sources than the number of sensors by applying the MUtiple SIgnal Classification (MUSIC) algorithm to their difference coarray model. We aim at statistically analyzing the performance of the MUSIC algorithm applied to the difference coarray model, namely, the coarray-based MUSIC, in the presence of sensor location errors. We first introduce a signal model for sparse linear arrays in the presence of deterministic unknown location errors. Based on this signal model, we derive a closed-form expression of the asymptotic mean-squared error of a commonly used coarray-based MUSIC algorithm, SS-MUSIC, in the presence of small sensor location errors. We show that the sensor location errors introduce a constant bias that depends on both the physical array geometry and the coarray geometry, which cannot be mitigated by only increasing the signal-to-noise ratio. We next give a short extension of our analysis to cases when the sensor location errors are stochastic and investigate the Gaussian case. Finally, we derive the Cramér–Rao bound for joint estimation of direction-of-arrivals and sensor location errors for sparse linear arrays, which can be applicable even if the number of sources exceeds the number of sensors. Numerical simulations show good agreement between empirical results and our theoretical results.
Lifetime of muscarinic receptor–G-protein complexes determines coupling efficiency and G-protein subtype selectivity

Significance The family of G-protein–coupled receptors (GPCRs) is the largest receptor family, and each member detects specific ligands, which in turn, activate selected members of one or more G-protein families. We developed a broadly applicable assay to study the specificity of GPCR–G-protein interaction in a subtype selective manner. We were able to quantitatively measure both association and dissociation rates of G proteins from agonist-activated GPCRs. We found that the stability of the receptor–G-protein complex is an inherent property of both interaction partners independent on the agonist used. Furthermore, its lifetime correlated closely with the ability of the receptor to activate the corresponding G-protein subtype. G-protein–coupled receptors (GPCRs) are essential for the detection of extracellular stimuli by cells and transfer the encoded information via the activation of functionally distinct subsets of heterotrimeric G proteins into intracellular signals. Despite enormous achievements toward understanding GPCR structures, major aspects of the GPCR–G-protein selectivity mechanism remain unresolved. As this can be attributed to the lack of suitable and broadly applicable assays, we set out to develop a quantitative FRET-based assay to study kinetics and affinities of G protein binding to activated GPCRs in membranes of permeabilized cells in the absence of nucleotides. We measured the association and dissociation kinetics of agonist-induced binding of Gi/o, Gq/11, Gs, and G12/13 proteins to muscarinic M1, M2, and M3 receptors in the absence of nucleotides between fluorescently labeled G proteins and receptors expressed in mammalian cells. Our results show a strong quantitative correlation between not the on-rates of G-protein–M3–R interactions but rather the affinities of Gq and Go proteins to M3–Rs, their GPCR–G-protein lifetime and their coupling efficiencies determined in intact cells, suggesting that the G-protein subtype-specific affinity to the activated receptor in the absence of nucleotides is, in fact, a major determinant of the coupling efficiency. Our broadly applicable FRET-based assay represents a fast and reliable method to quantify the intrinsic affinity and relative coupling selectivity of GPCRs toward all G-protein subtypes.
Australian twin and molecular genetic study on attention deficit hyperactivity disorder and its co-morbidity with reading disability

xv CHAPTER 1: INTRODUCTION . 1 1.1 Dissertation Content . 5 CHAPTER 2: LITERATURE REVIEW. 7 2.1 Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) . 7 2.1.1 What is ADHD? 7 2.1.2 Diagnostic Criteria. 7 2.1. 3 Prevalence and Persistence . 8 2.1. 4 The Importance of ADHD Studies. 10 2.1. 5 Role of Environmental Factors. 10 2.1. 6 Medication . 11 2.2 Behavioural Genetic Studies.13 2.2.1 Family Studies . 13 2.2.2 Adoption Studies . 14 2.2.3 Twin Studies . 15 2.2.3.1 Twin identification methods. 16 2.2.3.2 Ascertainment of disorder. 17 2.2.3.3 Twin concordance measurement. 18 2.2.3.4 ADHD twin studies. 18 2.3 ADHD Candidate Genes.24 2.3.1 DAT1 or SLC6A3 (Sodium-Dependent Dopamine Transporter) Gene . 25 2.3.2 DRD4 (Dopamine Receptor D4) Gene . 28 2.3.3 DRD5 (Dopamine Receptor D5) Gene . 31 2.3.4 Serotonin Receptors (HTR1B and HTR2A) and Transporter (5-HTT or SLC6A4) Genes 34 2.3. 5 COMT (Catechol-O-Methyltransferase) Gene. 37 2.4 Neuropsychology.43 2.5 Endophenotypes of ADHD.47 2.6 Reading Disability (RD) . 51 2.6. 1 Prevalence and Heritability of RD . 51 2.6. 2 Phenotype Definition of Reading Disability . 54 2.7 RD Twin Studies.56 2.7. 1 The International Longitudinal Twin Study (ILTS). 58 2.7. 1.1 The Colorado Learning Disabilities Research Center (CLDRC) . 59 2.7. 1.2 Other RD twin studies . 61 2.8 RD Candidate Genes.62
Intravenous Acetaminophen May Be Associated with Reduced Odds of 30-Day Readmission after Total Knee Arthroplasty

Abstract The purpose of this study was (1) to evaluate 30-day readmission rates in total knee arthroplasty (TKA) patients who either received intravenous (IV) or oral (PO) acetaminophen (APAP) perioperatively and (2) to extrapolate the potential annual cost savings on the national level. This was a review of 190,691 TKA recipients between the years 2012 and 2015 who received either IV (n = 56,475) or PO APAP (n = 134,216). All-cause readmissions that occurred between patient discharge and 30 days postdischarge were recorded. Continuous and categorical variables were evaluated using t-test and chi-square test, respectively. A logistic regression analysis was conducted to assess the effect of IV APAP on 30-day readmission. We also performed a literature review on 30-day readmission rates and risk prediction tools for TKA and correlated these with our findings. In addition, we extrapolated potential cost savings on the national level. The readmission rate was 0.04% in the IV and 0.14% in the PO APAP cohort (69% decreased risk; odds ratio = 0.31; 95% confidence interval = 0.20–0.47; p < 0.001). The readmission rate in this patient population appears to be markedly lower, when compared with previous reports. This reduction in readmissions may potentially result in $160 million savings per year. The use of IV APAP in TKA patients resulted in lower readmission rates, which may be valuable in clinical decision making by surgeons and health care administrators looking to lower costs of care.
Gastric cancer and Hedgehog signaling pathway: emerging new paradigms

Ever since its initial discovery in Drosophila, hedgehog signaling has been linked to foregut development, The mammalian genome expresses three Hedgehog paralogues, sonic hedgehog (Shh), Indian Hedgehog, and desert hedgehog. In the mucosa of the embryonic and adult foregut, Shh expression is the highest. It has now become clear that hedgehog signaling is of pivotal importance in gastric homeostasis. Aberrant activation of hedgehog signaling is associated with a range of pathological consequences including various cancers. Also in gastric cancer, clinical and preclinical data support a role of Hedgehog signaling in neoplastic transformation, and gastrointestinal cancer development, also through cancer stroma interaction. Technological advance are facilitating monitoring Hedgehog signaling broadening options for the more efficient screening of individuals predisposed to eventually developing gastric cancer and targeting Hedgehog signaling may provide opportunities for prophylactic therapy once atrophic gastritis develops. Nevertheless, convincing evidence that Hedgehog antagonists are of clinically useful in the context of gastric cancer is still conspicuously lacking. Here we analyze review the role of Hedgehog in gastric physiology and the potential usefulness of targeting Hedgehog signaling in gastric cancer.
ESCADRE: A Design Methodology and a Toolkit for Building Technico-Operational Simulations

The paper promotes a new methodology and associated toolkit to develop, imple ment and re-use event-driven study simulations with continuous variable integration. Methodology relies on a Booch-like decomposition of a real-world problem into classes and communications. Simulation motor and toolkit are described briefly and a descriptive example illus trates the methodology.
Determinants of seat belt use behaviour: a protocol for a systematic review

Introduction The use of seat belts could prevent severe collision damage to people in vehicle accidents and keep passengers safe from sustaining serious injuries; for instance, it could prevent passengers from being thrown out of a vehicle after the collision. The current systematic review will identify and analyse the determinants of seat belt use behaviour. Methods and analysis We will include qualitative, quantitative and mixed methods studies reporting the acquired data from passengers aged more than 12 years and drivers, from both commercial and personal vehicles. Online databases including MEDLINE/PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, Embase, Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews and PsycINFO will be investigated in the current study. Published and available articles will be evaluated according to their titles and abstracts. Published papers conforming to the inclusion criteria will be organised for a complete review. Next, the full text of the remaining articles will be studied independently for eligibility by two authors. The quality of the selected studies will be assessed with appropriate tools. Based on the information obtained from the data extraction, the type of determinants of seat belt use will be classified. Ethics and dissemination Ethics approval is not required, because this is a protocol for a systematic review and no primary data will be collected. The authors will ensure to maintain the rights of the used and included articles in the present systematic review. The findings of this review will be published in a relevant peer-reviewed journal. PROSPERO registration number CRD42017067511.
Title End-to-End Navigation in Unknown Environments using Neural Networks

We investigate how a neural network can learn perception actions loops for navigation in unknown environments. Specifically, we consider how to learn to navigate in environments populated with cull-de-sacs that represent convex local minima that the robot could fall into instead of finding a set of feasible actions that take it to the goal. Traditional methods rely on maintaining a global map to solve the problem of over coming a long cul-de-sac. However, due to errors induced from local and global drift, it is highly challenging to maintain such a map for long periods of time. One way to mitigate this problem is by using learning techniques that do not rely on hand engineered map representations and instead output appropriate control policies directly from their sensory input. We first demonstrate that such a problem cannot be solved directly by deep reinforcement learning due to the sparse reward structure of the environment. Further, we demonstrate that deep supervised learning also cannot be used directly to solve this problem. We then investigate network models that offer a combination of reinforcement learning and supervised learning and highlight the significance of adding fully differentiable memory units to such networks. We evaluate our networks on their ability to generalize to new environments and show that adding memory to such networks offers huge jumps in performance.
Learning Higher Order Potentials for MRFs

Higher order MRF-MAP formulation has been shown to improve solutions in many popular computer vision problems. Most of these approaches have considered hand tuned clique potentials only. Over the last few years, while there has been steady improvement in inference techniques making it possible to perform tractable inference for clique sizes even up to few hundreds, the learning techniques for such clique potentials have been limited to clique size of merely 3 or 4. In this paper, we investigate learning of higher order clique potentials up to clique size of 16. We use structural support vector machine (SSVM), a large-margin learning framework, to learn higher order potential functions from data. It formulates the training problem as a quadratic programming problem (QP) that requires solving MAP inference problems in the inner iteration. We introduce multiple innovations in the formulation by introducing soft submodularity constraints which keep QP constraints manageable and at the same time makes MAP inference tractable. Unlike contemporary approaches to solving the original problem using the cutting plane technique, we propose to solve the problem using subgradient descent. This allows us to scale for problems with clique size even up to 16. We give indicative experiments to show the improvement gained in real applications using learned potentials instead of hand tuned ones.
Remote Left Ventricular Hemodynamic Monitoring Using a Novel Intracardiac Sensor

Background— Heart failure (HF) remains the most common reason for hospital admission in patients aged >65 years. Despite modern drug therapy, mortality and readmission rates for patients hospitalized with HF remain high. This necessitates further research to identify early patients at risk for readmission to limit hospitalization by timely adjustment of medical therapy. Implantable devices can monitor left ventricular (LV) hemodynamics and remotely and continuously detect the early signs of decompensation to trigger interventions and reduce the risk of hospitalization for HF. Here, we report the first preclinical study validating a new batteryless and easy to implant LV-microelectromechanical system to assess LV performance. Methods and Results— A miniaturized implantable wireless pressure sensor was adapted for implantation in the LV apex. The LV-microelectromechanical system sensor was tested in a canine model of HF. The wireless pressure sensor measurements were compared with invasive left heart catheter-derived measurements at several time points. During different pharmacological challenge studies with dobutamine or vasopressin, the device was equally sensitive compared with invasive standard procedures. No adverse events or any observable reaction related to the implantation and application of the device for a period of 35 days was observed. Conclusions— Our miniaturized wireless pressure sensor placed in the LV (LV-microelectromechanical system) has the potential to become a new telemetric tool to earlier identify patients at risk for HF decompensation and to guide the treatment of patients with HF.
Long Noncoding RNAs and mRNA Regulation in Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cells of Patients with Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease

Background Inflammation plays a pivotal role in the pathogenesis of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). We evaluated the lncRNA and mRNA expression profile of peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) from healthy nonsmokers, smokers without airflow limitation, and COPD patients. Methods lncRNA and mRNA profiling of PBMCs from 17 smokers and 14 COPD subjects was detected by high-throughput microarray. The expression of dysregulated lncRNAs was validated by qPCR. The lncRNA targets in dysregulated mRNAs were predicted and the GO enrichment was analyzed. The regulatory role of lncRNA ENST00000502883.1 on CXCL16 expression and consequently the effect on PBMC recruitment were investigated by siRNA knockdown and chemotaxis analysis. Results We identified 158 differentially expressed lncRNAs in PBMCs from COPD subjects compared with smokers. The dysregulated expression of 5 selected lncRNAs NR_026891. 1 (FLJ10038), ENST00000502883.1 (RP11-499E18.1), HIT000648516, XR_429541. 1, and ENST00000597550.1 (CTD-2245F17.3), was validated. The GO enrichment showed that leukocyte migration, immune response, and apoptosis are the main enriched processes that previously reported to be involved in the pathogenesis of COPD. The regulatory role of ENST00000502883.1 on CXCL16 expression and consequently the effect on PBMC recruitment was confirmed. Conclusion This study may provide clues for further studies targeting lncRNAs to control inflammation in COPD.
LA CONTRIBUTION DU CONTROLE INTERNE ET DE L’AUDIT AU GOUVERNEMENT D’ENTREPRISE.

Assimilant la direction des societes manageriales notamment au gouvernement d’une nation, un courant de recherche s’est attache a reflechir puis a preconiser les mecanismes de controle interne et externe comme remedes pour limiter les comportements opportunistes des agents. Apres avoir presente les limites de ces mecanismes, la premiere partie de la these s’attache a considerer le controle interne et l’audit comme deux mecanismes de regulation des comportements des differents stakeholders dans leurs relations avec l’entreprise. La contribution du controle interne et de l’audit au gouvernement d’entreprise est examinee a la lumiere de la theorie de l’agence et des couts de transaction. Dans la deuxieme partie, l’analyse des donnees recueillies, a partir d’une etude terrain, vient valider les hypotheses emises selon lesquelles, le controle interne et l’audit contribuent au reglement des conflits dans un gouvernement d’entreprise.
Micro-blog user community discovery using generalized SimRank edge weighting method

Community discovery is one of the most popular issues in analyzing and understanding a network. Previous research suggests that the discovery can be enhanced by assigning weights to the edges of the network. This paper proposes a novel edge weighting method, which balances both local and global weighting based on the idea of shared neighbor ranging between users and the interpersonal significance of the social network community. We assume that users belonging to the same community have similar relationship network structures. By controlling the measure of “neighborhood”, this method can adequately adapt to real-world networks. Therefore, the famous similarity calculation method—SimRank—can be regarded as a special case of our method. According to the practical significance of social networks, we propose a new evaluation method that uses the communication rate to measure its divided demerit to better express users’ interaction relations than the ordinary modularity Q. Furthermore, the fast Newman algorithm is extended to weighted networks. In addition, we use four real networks in the largest Chinese micro-blog website Sina. The results of experiments demonstrate that the proposed method easily meets the balancing requirements and is more robust to different kinds of networks. The experimental results also indicate that the proposed algorithm outperforms several conventional weighting methods.
SDNKeeper: Lightweight Resource Protection and Management System for SDN-Based Cloud

SDN-based cloud has the merit of allowing more flexibility in network management, however, the security of network accessing and the correctness of network configuration in SDN-based cloud have not been effectively addressed yet. In this paper, SDNKeeper, a generic and fine-grained policy enforcement system in SDN-based cloud is proposed, which can defend against unauthorized attacks and avoid network resource misconfiguration. With the usage of SDNKeeper, numerous flexible network management policies can be created by administrators, which give administrators the discretionary room on controlling the network resources. To be specific, SDNKeeper can reject any unauthorized network access request at Northbound Interface (NBI), which located between application plane and control plane. Moreover, compared with other traditional policy-based access control systems, SDNKeeper is totally application-transparent and lightweight, which is easy to implement, deploy and runtime configure. Based on the prototype implementation and evaluation, we conclude that SDNKeeper can perform access control accurately with negligible computation overhead whilst the throughput degradation is still within the acceptable range.