Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Accessing bioscience images from abstract sentences

Images (e.g., figures) are important experimental results that are typically reported in bioscience full-text articles. Biologists need to access images to validate research facts and to formulate or to test novel research hypotheses. On the other hand, biologists live in an age of information explosion. As thousands of biomedical articles are published every day, systems that help biologists efficiently access images in literature would greatly facilitate biomedical research. We hypothesize that much of image content reported in a full-text article can be summarized by the sentences in the abstract of the article. In our study, more than one hundred biologists had tested this hypothesis and more than 40 biologists had evaluated a novel user-interface BioEx that allows biologists to access images directly from abstract sentences. Our results show that 87.8% biologists were in favor of BioEx over two other baseline user-interfaces. We further developed systems that explored hierarchical clustering algorithms to automatically identify abstract sentences that summarize the images. One of the systems achieves a precision of 100% that corresponds to a recall of 4.6%.
Relative contribution of PECAM-1 adhesion and signaling to the maintenance of vascular integrity

PECAM-1 (CD31) is a cellular adhesion and signaling receptor that is highly expressed at endothelial cell–cell junctions in confluent vascular beds. Previous studies have implicated PECAM-1 in the maintenance of vascular barrier integrity; however, the mechanisms behind PECAM-1-mediated barrier protection are still poorly understood. The goal of the present study, therefore, was to examine the pertinent biological properties of PECAM-1 (i.e. adhesion and/or signaling) that allow it to support barrier integrity. We found that, compared with PECAM-1-deficient endothelial cells, PECAM-1-expressing endothelial cell monolayers exhibit increased steady-state barrier function, as well as more rapid restoration of barrier integrity following thrombin-induced perturbation of the endothelial cell monolayer. The majority of PECAM-1-mediated barrier protection was found to be due to the ability of PECAM-1 to interact homophilically and become localized to cell–cell junctions, because a homophilic binding-crippled mutant form of PECAM-1 was unable to support efficient barrier function when re-expressed in cells. By contrast, cells expressing PECAM-1 variants lacking residues known to be involved in PECAM-1-mediated signal transduction exhibited normal to near-normal barrier integrity. Taken together, these studies suggest that PECAM-1–PECAM-1 homophilic interactions are more important than its signaling function for maintaining the integrity of endothelial cell junctions.
On-Demand Resource Allocation for OFDMA Small Cells Overlaying CDMA System

By offloading mobile traffic for macrocells, small cells can help to alleviate the pressure on conventional cellular networks from explosive data growth. On the other hand, the severe spectrum scarcity problem has prompted the research on spectrum sharing recently. In this paper, a spectrum sharing system of OFDMA small cells overlaying CDMA networks is considered, in which each OFDMA user in the small cells requests a specific transmission rate. We investigate the interferences among entities in the spectrum sharing system, from which a resource allocation problem is formulated along with the rate constraints, with the objective to meet the target rates of OFDMA users and to simultaneously protect CDMA system. This high- complexity and intractable problem is transformed into two separable problems by calculating the minimum required interference and selecting the activated users. We propose the on-demand resource allocation scheme to solve the resource allocation problem efficiently by deploying a semi-distributed algorithm. Simulation results are provided to evaluate the effectiveness and performance of the proposed scheme.
Using a CCA compliant framework for parallel remote visualization

In this paper we report our experiences in the definition of the component structure of a remote visualization parallel software using Ccaffeine, a common component architecture (CCA) framework for high performance computing. Remote visualization is a key issue in many grid applications and a demanding task both from the design and the computational point of view. For this reason adequate parallel algorithms and programming tools are necessary in order to face problems that arise implementing a remote visualization system for grid architectures. The use of Ccaffeine for the componentization of a parallel software module for isosurface extraction is described. Programming aspects and performance overheads of the Ccaffeine component for parallel isosurface extraction are discussed.
Stimulation of haem synthesis by erythropoietin in mouse yolk-sac-stage embryonic cells.

Cultures of disaggregated cells from mouse embryos at the stage of yolk-sac erythropoiesis have been used to test sensitivity of primary erythroid cells to erythropoietin, the hormone which controls adult red cell production. Synthesis of haem was stimulated by 89% in cells of 8-day embryos, 23% in cells of 9-day embryos and by 19% in peripheral nucleated blood cells of 12-day embryos. Differentiation of primary embryonic erythroid cells may therefore be controlled by erythropoietin in situ . The haem precursor δ-aminolaevulinic acid (ALA) did not stimulate haem synthesis under similar conditions.
Education and the Health of the First Nations People of Canada

The social determinants of health are those social and economic conditions in which people live that affect their health. As a social determinant, education has been shown to be a very robust predictor of health outcomes. In the global and public health literature, “education” is often used as a global construct with the implicit assumption that all forms of education are beneficial. However, this acontextual approach has serious limitations with respect to the First Nations people of Canada, where there has been a destructive legacy of colonialism and forced assimilation in the form of residential schooling. In this review paper, we examine the complexities of the relationship of education and health of the First Nations people. We advocate a more critical and nuanced approach that includes considerations of history, hegemony, and socio-cultural context as being crucial for appropriate First Nations education and health policies.
Spatio-temporal dynamics of evapotranspiration on the Tibetan Plateau from 2000 to 2010

Evapotranspiration (ET) is a key process of the climate system because it links water, energy and carbon cycles. In this study we modified a Penman–Monteith based algorithm to estimate ET on the Tibetan Plateau at a 1 km spatial resolution for the period 2000–2010 using meteorological and satellite remote sensing data. The results showed that the average annual ET on the Tibetan Plateau was 350.3 mm year−1 and decreased from the southeast toward the northwest. The highest ET value was found in open water bodies (680.9 mm year−1) and the lowest ET value was found in open shrubland (254.0 mm year−1). Overall, the inter-annual ET decreased from 2000 to 2010 and there was significant negative ET trend over 42% of the region, primarily in the northwest of the Tibetan Plateau. Relative humidity was the dominant factor in controlling long-term variations of ET in the arid northwest plateau. But under moist conditions, leaf area index or temperature drove ET. In addition, P-ET on the Tibetan Plateau significantly increased and about 37% of the region showed strong positive P-ET trend primarily in the central of the Tibetan Plateau. The positive P-ET trend in four seasons suggested that the Tibetan Plateau might have become wetter during the past decade.
FireDrill: Interactive DNS Rebinding

By using traditional DNS rebinding attacks, an attacker is able to circumvent firewalls in order to access internal network servers. Although many of the variations of this attack are well-known and sufficiently defended against, we show that by exploiting browsers' DNS cache table, it is possible to launch a DNS rebinding attack on modern browsers. Furthermore, we implement FireDrill, a tool that uses this DNS cache flooding technique to initialize an interactive session between the attacker and victim's web server. This interactive session opens up a number of malicious possibilities for the attacker on top of existing DNS rebinding uses. Some of the new potential uses include authentication, modification of website state, framing of the victim, and more.
Novel model for propagation loss prediction in tunnels

Radio signal propagation in a tunnel exhibits distinct near and far regions with quite different propagation characteristics. This paper proposes a model that can distinguish these propagation regions and predict their respective propagation losses in the tunnel. The model relies on a break point to separate the propagation regions and a hybrid technique to calculate the propagation losses. The location of the break point is determined with the solution of a novel tunnel-propagation equation for the first time. The solution shows that the location of the break point depends strongly upon frequency, antenna position, and tunnel transversal dimensions. The model is compared with data measured in various tunnels at different frequencies (900 MHz, 1.8 GHz, and 2.448 GHz). The results show reasonable agreement between predictions and measurements.
The ordered array of perivascular macrophages is disrupted by IL‐1‐induced inflammation in the rabbit retina

In this study we have shown that an antibody to CD18 identified a population of cells in the rabbit retina that resembled the perivascular macrophage found in other regions of the central nervous system. In the normal retina these cells possessed a ramified morphology and presented in an ordered array on the vitreal surface in association with the epiretinal vessels. Approximately 50% of the perivascular macrophages constitutively expressed MHC class II. In response to interleukin‐1β (IL‐1β)‐induced inflammation, these cells became activated, as evidenced by a change from a ramified to an ameboid morphology and increased expression of MHC class II, and migrated away from the vessels. These changes were first detected around 3 h post‐intraocular challenge coincident with the onset of inflammation. At the peak of the inflammatory response (∼24 h post‐challenge), many activated perivascular macrophages were no longer associated with the vessels and formed long “cords” of MHC class II+ cells associated with underlying deposits of fibrin. In eyes challenged with heat‐inactivated IL‐1, no change in the morphology or distribution of the perivascular macrophage was noted. At 3 weeks post‐challenge with IL‐1, the number and distribution of the perivascular macrophages were restored to baseline values, although with a reduced cell size. Since these changes closely resemble those that occur in non‐lymphoid dendritic cells in the skin, heart, and/or kidney following activation with cytokines or bacterial products, the results suggest that the perivascular macrophage represents the dendritic cell of the retina and may thus play an important role in immune surveillance in the eye and maintenance of the blood‐retina barrier. © 1996 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Turn Up the Heat—Food and Clinical Escherichia coli Isolates Feature Two Transferrable Loci of Heat Resistance

Heat treatment is a widely used process to reduce bacterial loads in the food industry or to decontaminate surfaces, e.g., in hospital settings. However, there are situations where lower temperatures must be employed, for instance in case of food production such as raw milk cheese or for decontamination of medical devices such as thermo-labile flexible endoscopes. A recently identified locus of heat resistance (LHR) has been shown to be present in and confer heat resistance to a variety of Enterobacteriaceae, including Escherichia coli isolates from food production settings and clinical ESBL-producing E. coli isolates. Here, we describe the presence of two distinct LHR variants within a particularly heat resistant E. coli raw milk cheese isolate. We demonstrate for the first time in this species the presence of one of these LHRs on a plasmid, designated pFAM21805, also encoding type 3 fimbriae and three bacteriocins and corresponding self-immunity proteins. The plasmid was highly transferable to other E. coli strains, including Shiga-toxin-producing strains, and conferred LHR-dependent heat resistance as well as type 3 fimbriae-dependent biofilm formation capabilities. Selection for and acquisition of this “survival” plasmid by pathogenic organisms, e.g., in food production environments, may pose great concern and emphasizes the need to screen for the presence of LHR genes in isolates.
Impact of Narratives on Persuasion in Health Communication: A Meta-Analysis

This meta-analysis assessed the persuasive effects of narratives in health communication. A search of the literature identified 25 studies (N = 9,330) that examined the effects of narratives on persuasion as measured by changes in attitudes, intentions, and behaviors. Analyses of the effect sizes indicated that, overall, narratives had a small impact on persuasion (r = .063, p < .01). Narratives delivered via audio and video produced significant effects; print-based narratives, however, did not exhibit a significant impact. Further, not all health issues were equally affected by narrative messages aiming at intervention. Those narratives that advocated detection and prevention behaviors led to significant effects, whereas those advocating cessation behaviors did not have significant effects. These findings offer both theoretical and practical implications.
An enhanced gravitational search algorithm for global optimisation

Numerous problems in science and engineering can be converted into optimisation problems. Gravitational Search Algorithm GSA is a newly developed optimisation algorithm inspired by Newton's law of gravity and law of motion. However, the traditional GSA tends to suffer from trapping in local minima when solving complex problems. This paper proposes an enhanced gravitational search algorithm GOGSA, which utilises the generalised opposition-based learning to enhance the search ability. Experiments are conducted on 13 classical test functions. The experimental results and analysis demonstrate that GOGSA can obtain better performance on the majority of the test functions.
Buffer-efficient routing strategies for optical circuit switching networks

Buffer minimization is an important design issue in optical circuit switching networks because of the high cost of optical buffers. In this paper, we show how to design routing strategies that can reduce buffer requirement in such networks. We propose two classes of buffer-efficient routing schemes and compare their performance in terms of complexity, buffer requirement and blocking probability.
PS-SPS: Power saving-semi persistent scheduler for VoLTE in LTE-advanced

Long Term Evolution-Advanced (LTE-A) that promises better support to richer applications is expected to catalyze the explosive growth in the number of subscribers and their demand for traffic. Such unprecedented growth will push the limits of energy consumption in the operators network. Hence, there is a need to introduce power saving mechanisms in LTE-A to minimize the energy consumption. In this paper, we propose a new scheme known as Power Saving-Semi Persistent Scheduling (PS-SPS) for Voice over LTE (VoLTE) users in the downlink of LTE-A cell to reduce the energy consumption in eNodeB. PS-SPS introduces the power saving ability through a novel modification of the traditional SPS scheme while retaining its ability to support large number of VoLTE calls. Extensive simulations show that PS-SPS provides an enormous power saving of upto 70% and 35% in the eNodeB for a call arrival rate of 0.1 call/sec and 4 calls/sec respectively in a 20 MHz LTE-A cell with 120 VoLTE users as compared to the traditional SPS.
ULTRASENSITIVITY IN (SUPRA)MOLECULARLY ORGANIZED AND CROWDED ENVIRONMENTS

The ultrasensitive response of biological systems is a more sensitive one than that expected from the classical hyperbola of Michaelis‐Menten kinetics, and whose physiological relevance depends upon the range of variation of substrate or effector for which ultrasensitivity is observed. Triggering and modulation of the ultrasensitive response in enzymatic and cellular systems are reviewed. Several demonstrations of ultrasensitive behavior in cellular systems and its impact on the amplification properties in signalling cascades and metabolic pathways are also highlighted. It is shown that ubiquitous cytoskeletal proteins may up‐ or downmodulate ultrasensitivity under physico‐chemical conditions resembling those predominant in cells.
Essays on behaviour under risk

This thesis consists of three essays on behaviour under risk. First, I investigate experimentally three related questions: (1) the effects of small-scale changes in wealth on risk attitudes; (2) whether potential changes in risk attitudes induced by such wealth increment are affected by (a) by the span of time this small-scale change in wealth has been anticipated for, and (b) the form taken by the wealth increment. There are three major results. One, whether risk attitudes are affected by a small-scale change in wealth depends on the form taken by the wealth increment. Two, that failure in replicating "house" money effect suggests that people may treat windfall money differently from earned money. Three, that the attitudes to risk are stable over the span of time we investigate. Second, I investigate how cognitive ability relates to consistency of behaviour under risk. Individual behaviour can be consistent in several forms. I find that individuals with higher cognitive ability display more consistent behaviour - in terms of choice and displayed type of risk preferences. Yet, in contrast to some recent studies, I find that individual measures of attitudes toward risk are not associated with cognitive ability. Third, I investigate the efficacy of a punishment mechanism in promoting cooperative behaviour in a public goods game when enforcement of punishment is uncertain. Numerous experimental studies have found that a sanctioning system can promote cooperative behaviour. But they rely on perfect enforcement of punishment. I find that a sanctioning system can no longer promote cooperative behaviour in a public goods game when punishment enforcement is a low-probability event.
The flexible clock: predictive and reactive homeostasis, energy balance and the circadian regulation of sleep–wake timing

ABSTRACT The Darwinian fitness of mammals living in a rhythmic environment depends on endogenous daily (circadian) rhythms in behavior and physiology. Here, we discuss the mechanisms underlying the circadian regulation of physiology and behavior in mammals. We also review recent efforts to understand circadian flexibility, such as how the phase of activity and rest is altered depending on the encountered environment. We explain why shifting activity to the day is an adaptive strategy to cope with energetic challenges and show how this can reduce thermoregulatory costs. A framework is provided to make predictions about the optimal timing of activity and rest of non-model species for a wide range of habitats. This Review illustrates how the timing of daily rhythms is reciprocally linked to energy homeostasis, and it highlights the importance of this link in understanding daily rhythms in physiology and behavior. Summary: The daily temporal niche of animals is adaptive and depends on environmental and physiological context.
Graph Alignment for Semi-Supervised Semantic Role Labeling

Unknown lexical items present a major obstacle to the development of broad-coverage semantic role labeling systems. We address this problem with a semi-supervised learning approach which acquires training instances for unseen verbs from an unlabeled corpus. Our method relies on the hypothesis that unknown lexical items will be structurally and semantically similar to known items for which annotations are available. Accordingly, we represent known and unknown sentences as graphs, formalize the search for the most similar verb as a graph alignment problem and solve the optimization using integer linear programming. Experimental results show that role labeling performance for unknown lexical items improves with training data produced automatically by our method.
Reconfigurable Hardware Generation of Multigrid Solvers with Conjugate Gradient Coarse-Grid Solution

Not only in the field of high-performance computing (HPC), field programmable gate arrays (FPGAs) are a soaringly popular accelerator technology. However, they use a completely different programming paradigm and tool set compared to central processing units (CPUs) or even graphics processing units (GPUs), adding extra development steps and requiring special knowledge, hindering widespread use in scientific computing. To bridge this programmability gap, domain-specific languages (DSLs) are a popular choice to generate low-level implementations from an abstract algorithm description. In this work, we demonstrate our approach for the generation of numerical solver implementations based on the multigrid method for FPGAs from the same code base that is also used to generate code for CPUs using a hybrid parallelization of MPI and OpenMP. Our approach yields in a hardware design that can compute up to 11 V-cycles per second with an input grid size of 4096[Formula: see text]4096 and solution on the coarsest using the conjugate gradient (CG) method on a mid-range FPGA, beating vectorized, multi-threaded execution on an Intel Xeon processor.
Learning to Love Assessment.

I had not set out to be a teacher, and so I had not really studied education in any meaningful way. I had not student taught. Had I done those things, however, I am not convinced that my evolution as a teacher would have been remarkably different. In either case, my long apprenticeship as a student (Lortie, 1975) would likely have dominated any more recent knowledge I might have acquired about what it means to be a teacher. I simply "played school" in the same way that young children "play house"—by mimicking what we think the adults around us do.
Woman of the House: The Rise of Nancy Pelosi

Introduction The Family Vocation Political Liberal, Conservative Catholic The Big Family: Theory and Practice "Those San Francisco Values" Back in the Game Navigating the Boys' Club The Conscience of Congress The Favor File 2.0 Intelligence Tests The Three-Year Race The Voice of Dissent Chocolate and the Gavel "All Politics is Personal" Cracking the Marble Ceiling Six for '06 Pelosi and the President The First Session Epilogue: The Pelosi Primary