Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Narrative Microstructure and Macrostructure Skills of Persian-Speaking Children with Autism Spectrum Disorder

Background Studies examining narrative production skills in children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) have demonstrated variable and inconsistent results. This study aimed to investigate to what extent narrative difficulties in children with ASD reflect difficulties with language. Methods Accordingly, the spoken narrative skills of 16 children with ASD were compared with those of their 16 chronological age-matched (CAM) and 16 language-matched (LM) peers. A Kruskal-Wallis non-parametric test was then used to examine the differences between groups in regard to NTC, NSG and SI variables . For other studied variables (NTW, number of T-units, ATL and total score), one-way analysis of variances (ANOVA) was also used. Results At the level of microstructure, the results showed that productivity (number of total words, total clauses, and T-unites) and syntactic complexity (average of T-unit length and subordination index) were predominantly similar in ASD and LM children. However, children with ASD scored lower than their CAM counterparts (P < 0.001). At the macrostructure level, we found that the total score of story grammar elements and the number of story grammars in the narrative production of children with ASD were lower than those in both CAM and LM children (P < 0.001). Conclusion The present study, thus, showed that creating a coherent narrative could be more demanding for children with ASD than productivity and syntactic complexity.
IDENTIFYING FACTORS THAT CONTRIBUTE TO THE SATISFACTION OF STUDENTS IN E-LEARNING Assist

Satisfaction has been seen to be the most significant variable on loyalty and usage intention in marketing and information science terms, which can also be highly related to academic success. In this regard, this study set out to investigate the effects of several variables on the learning processes of 930 e-learning students in the Sakarya University distance learning program. The findings of the research indicated that factors perceived playfulness, perceived ease of use and multimedia content effectiveness had a significant effect on perceived usefulness. Furthermore, it was concluded that satisfaction was affected by perceived usefulness, perceived playfulness and multimedia content effectiveness.
Introduction and Summary: Hydrothermal Circulation in the Oceanic Crust and Its Consequences on the Eastern Flank of the Juan de Fuca Ridge

Simple examples of several common hydrothermal flow regimes have been found on the eastern flank of the Juan de Fuca Ridge. Ocean Drilling Program (ODP) Leg 168 focused on three of these, at sites where it has been inferred that (1) there is a sharp transition from sediment-free to sediment-covered igneous crust, where heat flow, crustal temperatures, basement-fluid compositions, and upper crustal seismic velocities all show large systematic changes associated with the transition from open to closed hydrothermal circulation; (2) regionally continuous sediment cover restricts or prevents local advective heat loss from the igneous crust and fluid exchange between the ocean and the buried igneous basement; and (3) fluid flow within the igneous crust and through the seafloor is strongly influenced by local basement relief and sediment-thickness variations. Because of their unusual simplicity in the Leg 168 area, these examples provide ideal targets for drilling. Because they are representative of situations that are common in all ocean basins, lessons learned should have global implications. Sampling, downhole measurements, and post-drilling observations during Leg 168 were directed mainly toward elucidating the fundamental physics and fluid chemistry of ridge-flank hydrothermal circulation and the consequent alteration of the upper igneous crust and sediments that host the flow. Specifically, this was accomplished through a transect of relatively shallow holes that provided direct information about lateral gradients of basement-fluid composition, formation pressures, and temperatures, and strong constraints on formation-scale fluidand heat-transport properties of the upper igneous crust and on the rates of circulation.
A Qualitative Textual Analysis of Feedback Comments in ePortfolios: Quality and Alignment with the CanMEDS Roles

Introduction: Competency-based education requires high-quality feedback to guide students’ acquisition of competencies. Sound assessment and feedback systems, such as ePortfolios, are needed to facilitate seeking and giving feedback during clinical placements. However, it is unclear whether the written feedback comments in ePortfolios are of high quality and aligned with the current competency focus. Therefore, this study investigates the quality of written feedback comments in ePortfolios of healthcare students, as well as how these feedback comments align with the CanMEDS roles. Methods: A qualitative textual analysis was conducted. 2,349 written feedback comments retrieved from the ePortfolios of 149 healthcare students (specialist medicine, general practice, occupational therapy, speech therapy and midwifery) were analysed retrospectively using deductive content analysis. Two structured categorisation matrices, one based on four literature-derived feedback quality criteria (performance, judgment, elaboration and improvement) and another one on the seven CanMEDS roles (Medical Expert, Communicator, Collaborator, Leader, Health Advocate, Scholar and Professional), guided the analysis. Results: The minority of the feedback comments (n = 352; 14.9%) could be considered of high quality because they met all four quality criteria. Most feedback comments were of moderate quality and met only two to three quality criteria. Regarding the CanMEDS roles, the Medical Expert role was most frequently represented in the feedback comments, as opposed to the roles Leader and Health Advocate. Discussion: The results highlighted that providing high-quality feedback is challenging. To respond to these challenges, it is recommended to set up individual and continuous feedback training.
Identifying patient preferences for diabetes care: A protocol for implementing a discrete choice experiment in Samoa

In Samoa, adult Type 2 diabetes prevalence has increased within the past 30 years. Patient preferences for care are factors known to influence treatment adherence and are associated with reduced disease progression and severity. However, patient preferences for diabetes care, generally, are understudied, and other patient-centered factors such as willingness-to-pay (WTP) for diabetes treatment have never been explored in this setting. Discrete Choice Experiments (DCE) are useful tools to elicit preferences and WTP for healthcare. DCEs present patients with hypothetical scenarios composed of a series of multi-alternative choice profiles made up of attributes and levels. Patients choose a profile based on which attributes and levels may be preferable for them, thereby quantifying and identifying locally relevant patient-centered preferences. This paper presents the protocol for the design, piloting, and implementation of a DCE identifying patient preferences for diabetes care, in Samoa. Using an exploratory sequential mixed methods design, formative data from a literature review and semi-structured interviews with n = 20 Samoan adults living with Type 2 diabetes was used to design a Best-Best DCE instrument. Experimental design procedures were used to reduce the number of choice-sets and balance the instrument. Following pilot testing, the DCE is being administered to n = 450 Samoan adults living with diabetes, along with associated questionnaires, and anthropometrics. Subsequently, we will also be assessing longitudinally how preferences for care change over time. Data will be analyzed using progressive mixed Rank Order Logit models. The results will identify which diabetes care attributes are important to patients (p < 0.05), examine associations between participant characteristics and preference, illuminate the trade-offs participants are willing to make, and the probability of uptake, and WTP for specific attributes and levels. The results from this study will provide integral data useful for designing and adapting efficacious diabetes intervention and treatment approaches in this setting.
The dynamic arms race during the early invasion of woodland strawberry by Botrytis cinerea revealed by dual dense high-resolution RNA-seq analyses

Abstract Necrotrophic pathogens replicate massively upon colonizing plants, causing large-scale wilting and death of plant tissues. Understanding both mechanisms of pathogen invasion and host response processes prior to symptom appearance and their key regulatory networks is therefore important for defense against pathogen attack. Here, we investigated the mechanisms of interaction between woodland strawberry (Fragaria vesca) leaves and gray mold pathogen (Botrytis cinerea) at 14 infection time points during the first 12 hours of the infection period using a dense, high-resolution time series dual transcriptomic analysis, characterizing the arms race between strawberry F. vesca and B. cinerea before the appearance of localized lesions. Strawberry leaves rapidly initiated strong systemic defenses at the first sign of external stimulation and showed lower levels of transcriptomic change later in the infection process. Unlike the host plants, B. cinerea showed larger-scale transcriptomic changes that persisted throughout the infection process. Weighted gene co-expression network analysis identified highly correlated genes in 32 gene expression modules between B. cinerea and strawberry. Yeast two-hybrid and bimolecular fluorescence complementation assays revealed that the disease response protein FvRLP2 from woodland strawberry interacted with the cell death inducing proteins BcXYG1 and BcPG3 from B. cinerea. Overexpression of FvRLP2 in both strawberry and Arabidopsis inhibited B. cinerea infection, confirming these genes’ respective functions. These findings shed light on the arms race process by which B. cinerea invades host plants and strawberry to defend against pathogen infection.
A Circularly Polarized High-Gain Planar 2 × 2 Dipole-Array Antenna Fed by a 4-Way Gysel Power Divider for WLAN Applications

In this letter, a circularly polarized high-gain planar 2 × 2 dipole-array antenna for wireless local area networks, radio frequency identification, radar, and satellite communication applications is proposed. The proposed array antenna consists of four planar dipole antennas with integrated microstrip-to-parallel-stripline linear tapered balun and feeding network. The designed array antenna is fed by a modified 4-way Gysel power divider. The proposed antenna uses three stacked metal layers, and a metal reflector under the antenna boosts the overall antenna gain. The size of the designed antenna on 3.2 mm thick FR4 substrate was 150 mm × 150 mm × 20 mm including the reflector. The designed antenna had left-hand circular polarization (LHCP), and its measured LHCP gain value was 8.70–9.62 dBic at 2.4–2.6 GHz band. The measured axial ratio was 0.3–2.2 dB at the same frequency band of interest. A thorough theoretical analysis and design equations of the proposed array antenna are presented in this letter.
ERF5.1 modulates carotenoid accumulation by interacting with CCD4.1 in Lycium

Abstract Carotenoids are important natural pigments and have medical and health functions for humans. Carotenoid cleavage dioxygenase 4 (CCD4) and ethylene responsive factor (ERF) participate in carotenoid metabolism, but their roles in Lycium have not been discovered. Here, we annotated LbCCDs from the Lycium reference genome and found that LbCCD4.1 expression was significantly correlated with the carotenoid metabolites during Lycium five fruit developmental stages. Over-expression of LbCCD4.1 in NQ’s leaves resulted in a series of significantly lower contents of carotenoid metabolites, including β-carotene and β-cryptoxanthin. Moreover, LbERF5.1, a transcription factor belonging to the ERF family that was located in the nucleus, was isolated. Significant reductions in the carotenoids, especially lutein, violaxanthin and their derivatives, were observed in over-expressing ERF5.1 transgenic NQ’s leaves. Over-expression or virus-induced gene silencing of LbERF5.1 in NQ’s leaves induced a consistent up- or down-expression, respectively, of LbCCD4.1. Furthermore, yeast one-hybrid and dual-luciferase reporter assays showed that ERF5.1 interacted with the promoter of CCD4.1 to increase its expression, and LbERF5.1 could bind to any one of the three predicted binding sites in the promoter of LbCCD4.1. A transcriptome analysis of LbERF5.1 and LbCCD4.1 over-expressed lines showed similar global transcript expression, and geranylgeranyl diphosphate synthase, phytoene synthase, lycopene δ-cyclase cytochrome, cytochrome P450-type monooxygenase 97A, cytochrome P450-type monooxygenase 97C, and zeaxanthin epoxidase in the carotenoid biosynthesis pathway were differentially expressed. In summary, we uncovered a novel molecular mechanism of carotenoid accumulation that involved an interaction between ERF5.1 and CCD4.1, which may be used to enhance carotenoid in Lycium.
When the going gets tough, the entrepreneurs get less entrepreneurial?

We investigate how the 2008–2012 economic crisis relates to entrepreneurs’ confidence ten years later and, in turn, their venture’s entrepreneurial orientation. Conceptually, we introduce the new concept of ‘hard times’ to capture an entrepreneur’s sense of their venture’s hardship during the crisis. Theoretically, we extend ideas on imprinting, to build the argument that hard times cause a persistent reduction in an entrepreneur’s entrepreneurial self-efficacy and sense of job security, both of which in turn cause a contemporaneous reduction in their venture’s entrepreneurial orientation. We contrast the crisis imprinting hypothesis with a hypothesis from the more established behavioral theory of the firm. Strikingly, rich data of about 300 Flemish entrepreneurs and their ventures are in line with a small crisis imprinting effect.
Integrated phylogenetic analyses reveal the evolutionary, biogeographic, and diversification history of Asian warty treefrog genus Theloderma (Anura, Rhacophoridae)

Abstract Asian warty treefrogs, genus Theloderma, are morphologically variable arboreal frogs endemic to Southeast Asia and Southern China. However, integrated systematic studies are lacking, and knowledge of the genus in terms of diversity, origin, and historical diversification remains limited. To address these knowledge gaps, we used three mitochondrial and five nuclear gene fragments to reconstruct the Theloderma phylogeny, estimate divergence times, and examine the biogeography of the genus. Phylogenetic and species delimitation analyses suggest that the genus Theloderma comprises three major clades corresponding to two subgenera and seven species groups, and mPTP identified at least 12 putative cryptic species, suggesting that species diversity has been underestimated. Biogeographic analyses indicated that most recent common ancestor of Theloderma originated in the Indochina Peninsula during the Middle Oligocene (ca. 27.77 Ma) and the splitting of Clade A to C occurred in the Late Oligocene (ca. 23.55–25.57 Ma). Current biogeographic patterns result from two distinct processes: in situ diversification in the Indochina Peninsula and dispersal in multiple areas, namely southward dispersal to the Malay Peninsula and Borneo, northeastward dispersal to Southern China, northward dispersal to the Himalayas, and dispersal from Southern China to the Indochina Peninsula. Ancestral character reconstruction suggests that the ancestor of Theloderma may have possessed a small body size, rough dorsal skin, and absence of vomerine teeth and hand webbing, and that these four characters have undergone multiple evolutions. Principal component analysis based on eight bioclimatic variables did not clearly distinguish the three major clades of Theloderma, suggesting that species in these clades may occupy similar climatic ecological niches. Our research highlights the importance of orogeny and paleoclimatic changes, in shaping amphibian biodiversity in mountain ecosystems.
Graves Disease is Associated with Increased Risk of Clinical Alzheimer’s Disease: Evidence from the Medicare System

Background Identification of modifiable risk factors for Alzheimer’s Disease (AD) onset is an important aspect of controlling the burden imposed by this disease on an increasing number of older U.S. adults. Graves disease (GD), the most common cause of hyperthyroidism in the U.S., has been hypothesized to be associated with increased AD risk, but there is no consensus. In this study, we explore the link between GD and risk of clinical AD. Methods Cox and Fine-Grey models were applied to a retrospective propensity-score-matched cohort of 15,505 individuals with GD drawn from a nationally representative 5% sample of U.S. Medicare beneficiaries age 65 + over the 1991–2017 period. Results Results showed that the presence of GD was associated with a higher risk of AD (Hazard Ratio [HR]:1.15; 95% Confidence Interval [CI]:1.07–1.23). Magnitude of associated risk varied across subgroups: Males (HR:1.19; CI:1.01–1.41), Females (HR:1.09; CI:1.02–1.18), Whites (HR:1.13; CI:1.04–1.20), Blacks (HR:1.33; CI:1.04–1.20). Competing risk estimates were consistent with these findings. Conclusions A potential mechanism connecting GD and AD may involve shared etiological factors between the two diseases. Although replication of our findings is needed, they suggest that GD prevention and treatment may contribute to reducing the burden of AD in U.S. older adults.
Multi-classification of national fitness test grades based on statistical analysis and machine learning

Physical fitness is a key element of a healthy life, and being overweight or lacking physical exercise will lead to health problems. Therefore, assessing an individual’s physical health status from a non-medical, cost-effective perspective is essential. This paper aimed to evaluate the national physical health status through national physical examination data, selecting 12 indicators to divide the physical health status into four levels: excellent, good, pass, and fail. The existing challenge lies in the fact that most literature on physical fitness assessment mainly focuses on the two major groups of sports athletes and school students. Unfortunately, there is no reasonable index system has been constructed. The evaluation method has limitations and cannot be applied to other groups. This paper builds a reasonable health indicator system based on national physical examination data, breaks group restrictions, studies national groups, and hopes to use machine learning models to provide helpful health suggestions for citizens to measure their physical status. We analyzed the significance of the selected indicators through nonparametric tests and exploratory statistical analysis. We used seven machine learning models to obtain the best multi-classification model for the physical fitness test level. Comprehensive research showed that MLP has the best classification effect, with macro-precision reaching 74.4% and micro-precision reaching 72.8%. Furthermore, the recall rates are also above 70%, and the Hamming loss is the smallest, i.e., 0.272. The practical implications of these findings are significant. Individuals can use the classification model to understand their physical fitness level and status, exercise appropriately according to the measurement indicators, and adjust their lifestyle, which is an important aspect of health management.
An Attention-Based Command Detection Model to Allow Natural Language in Voice Control System

Interaction with machines using speech has been a popular research topic in recent years. Considerable amount of work focuses on the improvement of voice control systems which utilize automatic speech recognition (ASR) and natural language processing (NLP) technologies to recognize user’s speech and extract executable commands. The existing voice control systems usually do not take into count the diversity and richness of natural language and require users to follow pre-defined keywords or grammar rules. To address this limitation, we designed and implemented a voice control system that supports natural language, utilizing an attention-based command detection model. Our system supports flexible voice instructions and the user does not need to follow any pre-defined rules. An Arduino 4WD robot car was also built in this paper to verify the system. In the experiments, the accuracy of command detection on natural language reaches 0.993 in our developed dataset. Besides, the realization of the 3-DOF (degree of freedom) motion control on our robot car suggests the feasibility of using our proposed system to control any functionality or behavior of the hardware system. Our work improves the flexibility and usability of voice control systems by applying technologies in the domain of NLP.
STRUCTURAL CHARACTERISTICS OF ROTIFER COMMUNITIES RELATED TO WATER QUALITY IN THE YONGJIANG RIVER, NINGBO OF ZHEJIANG, CHINA

The species composition, spatial distribution and temporal distribution of rotifer communities in the Yongjiang River, China, were investigated at one month intervals from March 2011 to February 2012. Samples were taken at 13 sections in the river. Seventy-two rotifer species were identified during the study period. The dominant species pertained to the genera Brachionus and Keratella. The peak of rotifer community abundance appeared in spring at the upstream localities and in summer at midstream and downstream. The diversity parameters of rotifer community varied seasonally. The similarity analysis showed that the compositions of the rotifer species had significant differences among 13 sections. The relationships between the rotifer communities and the environmental factors were also analyzed. Principal Component Analysis revealed that any single environmental factor did not impact the rotifer community significantly, but combinations of environmental factors showed significant correlations with the rotifer community. Analysis using the Shannon-Wiener diversity index of rotifers at different sections of the river displayed that, Section 1 and 2 at upstream was less polluted while the other sections were more severely polluted.