Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Unsteady Stokes flow near an oscillating, heated contact line

A contact line on a heated oscillating plate is investigated. The interface is a non-deformable plane and the contact angle is π/2. The amplitude of the oscillation and the temperature deviation of the plate from the ambient temperature of the fluid are assumed to be much smaller than the viscous velocity scale. This flow is then governed by the unsteady Stokes equations coupled to the heat equation in a frame of reference moving with the contact line. Evaporation is assumed to be neglible, but the effects of heat transfer across the interface and unsteadiness are assumed to be significant. For a stationary heated plate, there are two distinct regions of flow that is induced by Marangoni stresses. An outer stagnation-point-type flow is seen, which separates from the plate for non-zero Biot numbers. For an oscillatory, isothermal plate, vortices are generated at the plate during plate reversal and are propagated along the interface. Dissipation of these vortices occurs on the Stokes layer scale. The order-Péclet-number correction in the thermal field is also found, and the presence of the flow field leads to a heated region in the steady case along the separating streamline. For the unsteady case, a localized cooled region propagates into the bulk with a trajectory determined by the relative scale of the thermal diffusive scale and the rate of heat transfer across the interface.
Real axis integration of Sommerfeld integrals: Source and observation points in air

Change of variables and subtraction of asymptotic terms are used to aid in the integration of Sommerfeld integrands along the real axis. The change of variables smooths oscillations which would otherwise become densely packed at the associated branch point. Subtraction of asymptotic terms is used to speed up the truncation process of an otherwise infinite integration interval. Interest is restricted to practical earth parameters and frequencies above 2 MHz. Comparison with a complex contour technique shows the present method to be particularly well suited for the analysis of a vertical, thin-wire antenna in the presence of a lossy earth.
Self-supervised contrastive learning using CT images for PD-1/PD-L1 expression prediction in hepatocellular carcinoma

Background and purpose Programmed cell death protein-1 (PD-1) and programmed cell death-ligand-1 (PD-L1) expression status, determined by immunohistochemistry (IHC) of specimens, can discriminate patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) who can derive the most benefits from immune checkpoint inhibitor (ICI) therapy. A non-invasive method of measuring PD-1/PD-L1 expression is urgently needed for clinical decision support. Materials and methods We included a cohort of 87 patients with HCC from the West China Hospital and analyzed 3094 CT images to develop and validate our prediction model. We propose a novel deep learning-based predictor, Contrastive Learning Network (CLNet), which is trained with self-supervised contrastive learning to better extract deep representations of computed tomography (CT) images for the prediction of PD-1 and PD-L1 expression. Results Our results show that CLNet exhibited an AUC of 86.56% for PD-1 expression and an AUC of 83.93% for PD-L1 expression, outperforming other deep learning and machine learning models. Conclusions We demonstrated that a non-invasive deep learning-based model trained with self-supervised contrastive learning could accurately predict the PD-1 and PD-L1 expression status, and might assist the precision treatment of patients withHCC, in particular the use of immune checkpoint inhibitors.
Implementation of the critical points model in the recursive convolution method for modelling dispersive media with the finite-difference time domain method

We describe the implementation of the critical points model in a finite-difference time domain code dealing with dispersive media through the recursive convolution method. We show that this requires only minor modifications to existing codes able to take the Drude and Lorentz models into account. The use of this model of dispersion over the typical Drude–Lorentz one may be advantageous in specific cases.
On grating plateaux of the conformal array--A class of planar nonuniformity spaced arrays

This paper studies the class of nonuniformly spaced planar arrays in which the elements are located on a lattice derivable from a conformal mapping of a uniform lattice. The array space factor is formulated in a two-dimensional Poisson's sum. The grating plateaux are determined from a stationary-phase integration. An optimization process is applied to make the grating plateaux flat. The array derived is the conformal exponentially spaced array having characteristics very similar to those of the linear exponentially spaced array. A numerical example is included to justify the various approximations used in the analysis.
The construct of cuteness: A validity study for measuring content and evoked emotions on social media

Social media users are often exposed to cute content that evokes emotional reactions and influences them to feel or behave certain ways. The cuteness phenomenon in social media has been scarcely studied despite its prevalence and potential to spread quickly and affect large audiences. The main framework for understanding cuteness and emotions related to cuteness outside of social media is baby schema (having juvenile characteristics), which triggers parental instincts. We propose that baby schema is a necessary but not sufficient component of explaining what constitutes cuteness and how people react to it in the social media context. Cute social media content may also have characteristics that evoke approach motivations (a desire to interact with an entity, generally with the expectation of having a positive experience) that can manifest behaviorally in sharing and other prosocial online behaviors. We developed and performed initial validation for measures in social media contexts of: (1) cute attributes that encompass both baby schema and other proposed cuteness characteristics (the Cuteness Attributes Taxonomy, CAT) and (2) the emotional reactions they trigger (Heartwarming Social Media, HSM). We used the Kama Muta Multiplex Scale (KAMMUS Two), as previously validated measure of kama muta (an emotion akin to tenderness; from Sanskrit, “moved by love”) as a measure of emotional reaction to cute stimuli and the dimension Cute Content of the Social Media Emotions Annotation Guide (SMEmo-Cute Content) as a developed measure of gestalt cute content to help validate our newly developed measures. Using 1,875 Polish tweets, our results confirmed that cute social media content predicted a kama muta response, but not all KAMMUS Two subscales were sensitive to cute content, and that the HSM measure was a better indicator of the presence of cute content. Further, the CAT measure is an effective means of categorizing cute attributes of social media content. These results suggest potential differences between in-person, online, and social media experiences evoking cute emotional reactions, and the need for metrics that are developed and validated for use in social media contexts.
Enthalpy-probe diagnostics of an atmospheric-pressure unleaded petrol exhaust-gas microwave-induced plasma

An unleaded petrol exhaust-gas microwave-induced plasma (MIP) at atmospheric pressure was generated in a TE/sub 101/ resonant-mode cavity. The microwave discharges were generated at three incident microwave power levels: 500 W, 700 W, and 1500 W. An enthalpy probe was used to characterize the exhaust-gas MIP discharge, yielding values of enthalpy, velocity, and heavy-particle temperature along the microwave-discharge axis. The heavy-particle temperature was found to be 710 K, 940 K, and 1065 K, with velocities of 140 m s/sup -1/, 148 m s/sup -1/, and 155 m s/sup -1/, at the exit plane of the discharge tube for an exhaust-gas flow rate of 3.5 l min/sup -1/ at 500 W, 700 W, and 1500 W respectively. The assumption of local thermodynamic equilibrium is required in the calculation of temperature and velocity in the microwave discharge from the enthalpy-probe data. In microwave-induced plasmas, the electron temperature is significantly higher than the heavy-particle temperature. We present arguments that indicate that the calculated heavy-particle temperature and velocity values are nevertheless accurate.
Focusing Transducer for SAW Beamwidth Compression on YZ Lithium Niobate

This paper will discuss a new focusing interdigital transducer (FIDT) design which can be utilized in a monolithic SAW convolver to compress the beamwidth of a surface acoustic wave propagating in the z direction of y cut lithium niobate. Due to the strong anisotropy of this crystal cut, a FIDT with constant radius curvature cannot be used. Instead, the curvature must be a function of the SAW phase and energy velocity properties of the crystal. To determine this function a simple theory has been developed and used together with published velocity data to computer generate the proper electrode shapes. Performance and optical laser probe data for two experimental FIDT's will be shown.
The Effects of Online Learning Transition during the COVID-19 Pandemic in Pakistan

Amidst the global pandemic of Covid-19, online learning has been widely used around the country. Teachers’ and students' experiences related to online learning have been explored in this study through the online survey method. This was a novel experience for teachers and students as both groups were not familiar with this mode of education. Hence, it was imperative to explore their experiences with online learning amidst a pandemic. The data for this study was collected from public and private universities of Faisalabad and Lahore. A total of 430 participants (N=100 teachers & N= 330 students) from Faisalabad and Lahore's colleges and universities were included in the study. The data was gathered using an online survey. The following areas were found to be crucial to the satisfaction of both teachers and students in online classes. Student-faculty contact, technical assistance, organized online classes, and adaptations to enable practical classes were all incorporated in these areas. Since then, this research has focused on a dynamic phenomenon that includes several facets of online learning.
A Generalisation Of The Fuzzy C-means Clustering Algorithm

Several algorithms have been defined which can segment images, each algorithm having its own merits. The Maximum Likelihood (ML) algorithm is considered the most accurate, while the Fuzzy c-Means (FCM) algorithm converges more quickly. This paper describes a generalisation of the FCM algorithm (GFCM) which is more versatile than the standard FCM, having discriminant functions which may, by changing parameters, be varied in order to suit particular applications. The discriminant functions can thus be more realistic than those used in the standard FCM and in the limiting case they approach gaussians, where the algorithm produces results identical to some implementations of ML.
Forecasting of Nonlinear Shoreline Variation Based on Aerial Survey Map by Neural Network Approach

Shoreline erosion problem may cause the possibility of losing land, and this must be considered particularly for a country which is composed of islands. In this study, six sandy nonlinear beaches located at Kenting National Park of Taiwan, were investigated in accordance with aerial survey maps taken in three different years. The images of spatial information were loaded into computerized graphical software, and the set fold function was used to make comparison for obtaining the tendency of sand line variation for the three different times. Based on the available dataset, a back propagation neural network model was then developed for forecasting the long term variation of sand line at each beach. The results showed that the sand line does have a phenomenon of rise and fall at some local regions, but the total area of each beach does not undergo significant changes and are within an acceptable range of error from a statistical standpoint. The neural network model used in this study might offer a new approach for solving this type of nonlinear problem, and the result obtained might provide a valuable reference for a relevant agency working in the area studied.
Transcriptomics Insights into Phosphorus Stress Response of Myriophyllum aquaticum

Through excellent absorption and transformation, the macrophyte Myriophyllum (M.) aquaticum can considerably remove phosphorus from wastewater. The results of changes in growth rate, chlorophyll content, and roots number and length showed that M. aquaticum could cope better with high phosphorus stress compared with low phosphorus stress. Transcriptome and differentially expressed genes (DEGs) analyses revealed that, when exposed to phosphorus stresses at various concentrations, the roots were more active than the leaves, with more DEGs regulated. M. aquaticum also showed different gene expression and pathway regulatory patterns when exposed to low phosphorus and high phosphorus stresses. M. aquaticum’s capacity to cope with phosphorus stress was maybe due to its improved ability to regulate metabolic pathways such as photosynthesis, oxidative stress reduction, phosphorus metabolism, signal transduction, secondary metabolites biosynthesis, and energy metabolism. In general, M. aquaticum has a complex and interconnected regulatory network that deals efficiently with phosphorus stress to varying degrees. This is the first time that the mechanisms of M. aquaticum in sustaining phosphorus stress have been fully examined at the transcriptome level using high-throughput sequencing analysis, which may indicate the direction of follow-up research and have some guiding value for its future applications.
Ge-Doped Optical Fibers for Passive and Active Radiation Detection Modes

Silica-based optical fibers made by modified chemical vapor deposition (MCVD) technique have been doped with different concentrations of germanium (Ge). After characterization of the thermally stimulated luminescence (TL) process in each of these fibers, their real-time responses were studied by radiation induced luminescence (RL) under X-rays. First, the same counterintuitive trend was observed for the intensity of the two phenomena as a function of the Ge content, namely the decrease in TL and RL signals with an increasing Ge content. This behavior was explained by the existence of thermally disconnected traps (TDT). Then, the RL response as a function of the dose-rate of the fiber doped with 1% Ge was judiciously chosen and investigated in detail. The results show that up to total ionizing dose (TID) of 1.9 kGy(SiO $_{{2}}{)}$ , this response is not only insensitive to the accumulated dose effect but also exhibits an afterglow decay at the end of the radiation much faster than that of a Ce-doped fiber, a very useful feature where irradiations are repetitive as in the medical field of flash therapy. In addition to the medical field where the Ge-doped fiber seems to be quite suitable, slightly larger core diameters would also allow this same fiber to meet the challenge of high sensitivity in the environmental radiation monitoring around nuclear power plants or radioactive waste storage areas.
Dual-Sublattice Modeling and Semi-Atomistic Simulation of Boron Diffusion in 4H-Silicon Carbide

Reported profiles of high-temperature (500 °C)-implanted boron ions diffused in 4H-silicon carbide at 1200–1900 °C for 5–90 min were simulated through a “dual-sublattice” modeling, in which a different diffusivity is assigned for diffusion via each sublattice, and a “semi-atomistic” simulation, in which silicon and carbon interstitials are regarded as the same interstitials (I) and silicon and carbon vacancies are regarded as the same vacancies (V). Diffusion of implanted boron ions is calculated from the initial concentration profiles of I and V by Monte-Carlo simulation assuming tentatively a probability of 50% that implanted boron ions will occupy carbon sublattices.
Perspective of molecular imaging and peptide receptor radionuclide therapy in pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors: where do we stand?

The clinical use of nuclear medicine imaging and therapy in pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors has been greatly strengthened since the approval of 68Ga-DOTATATE and 177Lu-DOTATATE. However, many aspects are still under discussion. In this 2-part article, we aim to collect and discuss current evidence of molecular imaging and peptide receptor radionuclide therapy (PRRT) in pancreatic neuroendocrine tumor. In the first part, we will address some critical aspects of 68Ga-SSAs imaging, including diagnostic efficacy, recurrence detection and follow-up, patient selection for PRRT, and pitfalls in image interpretation. Besides, we will also briefly discuss the role of 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography/computed tomography, special imaging strategy in regard to insulinoma, and the status of radiolabeled somatostatin receptor antagonist. In the second part, we aim to review the current evidence of PRRT in pancreatic neuroendocrine tumor, focusing on efficacy and safety in particular. We will also introduce the recent development of PRRT, including PRRT in high-grade neuroendocrine neoplasms, retreatment PRRT, upfront PRRT, PRRT in the setting of neoadjuvant therapy and conversion therapy, combination therapies with PRRT, PRRT with αradionuclides, and PRRT with antagonists.
Nur77 and PPARγ regulate transcription and polarization in distinct subsets of M2-like reparative macrophages during regenerative inflammation

Macrophage polarization is a process whereby macrophages develop a specific phenotype and functional response to different pathophysiological stimuli and tissue environments. In general, two main macrophage phenotypes have been identified: inflammatory (M1) and alternatively activated (M2) macrophages characterized specifically by IL-1β and IL-10 production, respectively. In the cardiotoxin-induced skeletal muscle injury model bone marrow-derived macrophages (BMDMs) play the central role in regulating tissue repair. Bone marrow-derived monocytes arriving at the site of injury differentiate first to M1 BMDMs that clear cell debris and trigger proliferation and differentiation of the muscle stem cells, while during the process of efferocytosis they change their phenotype to M2 to drive resolution of inflammation and tissue repair. The M2 population is formed from at least three distinct subsets: antigen presenting, resolution-related and growth factor producing macrophages, the latest ones expressing the transcription factor PPARγ. Nuclear receptor subfamily 4 group A member 1 (NR4A1; also termed Nur77) transcription factor is expressed as an early response gene, and has been shown to suppress the expression of pro-inflammatory genes during efferocytosis. Here we demonstrate that (1) Nur77 null BMDMs are characterized by elevated expression of PPARγ resulting in enhanced efferocytosis capacity; (2) Nur77 and PPARγ regulate transcription in different subsets of M2 skeletal muscle macrophages during muscle repair; (3) the loss of Nur77 prolongs M1 polarization characterized by increased and prolonged production of IL-1β by the resolution-related macrophages normally expressing Nur77; whereas, in contrast, (4) it promotes M2 polarization detected via the increased number of IL-10 producing CD206+ macrophages generated from the PPARγ-expressing subset.
A Review of Parental Vaccine Hesitancy for Human Papillomavirus in Japan

Globally, Japan has the lowest rate of vaccine confidence. The persistent parental vaccine hesitancy has been attributed to safety and efficacy concerns and is primarily driven by the negative experience with human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccines. This literature review aimed to identify factors associated with HPV vaccine uptake and potential strategies to reduce vaccine hesitancy among Japanese parents. Articles published in English or Japanese between January 1998 and October 2022 that examined Japanese parental factors for HPV vaccine uptake were identified from PubMed, Web of Science, and Ichushi-Web. In total, 17 articles met the inclusion criteria. Four key themes which affected HPV vaccine hesitancy and acceptance were identified: perceptions of risk and benefits, trust and recommendation, information and knowledge, and sociodemographic characteristics. While governmental and healthcare provider recommendations are important factors, efforts to improve parental confidence in the HPV vaccine are required. Future interventions to counteract HPV vaccine hesitancy should actively disseminate information on vaccine safety and effectiveness, along with information on the severity and susceptibility of HPV infection.
Clinical Outcomes in Patients on Hemodialysis with Congestive Heart Failure

Introduction: Congestive heart failure (CHF) is one of the common complications in patients with end-stage kidney disease. In the general population, CHF increases the risk of the death. However, there is no well-designed relevant study in the Chinese hemodialysis (HD) population addressing the risks associated with CHF. The aim of this study was to explore the impact of CHF on clinical outcomes in HD patients. Methods: Data from a prospective cohort study, the China Dialysis Outcomes and Practice Patterns Study (DOPPS) 5 (2012–2015), were analyzed. Demographic data, comorbidities, lab data, and death records were extracted. CHF was defined by the diagnosis records upon study inclusion. Our primary outcome was all-cause and cardiovascular (CV) mortality; secondary outcomes were all-cause and cause-specific hospitalization risk. Associations between CHF and outcomes were evaluated using Cox regression models. Stepwise multivariate logistic regression was used to identify the related risk factors, and subgroup analyses were carried out. Results: Of 1,411 patients without missing CHF history information, 24.1% (340) had CHF diagnosis at enrollment. The overall mortality rates were 21.8% versus 12.0% (p < 0.001) in patients with and without CHF during follow-up, respectively. CHF was associated with higher all-cause mortality (adjusted HR: 1.72, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.17–2.53, p = 0.006), and the association with CV death was of similar magnitude (HR: 1.60, 95% CI: 0.91–2.81, p = 0.105). CHF patients had more episodes of hospitalization due to heart failure (HR: 2.93, 95% CI: 1.49–5.76, p < 0.01). However, compared with patients without CHF, the all-cause hospitalization risk was not much higher in CHF patients (HR: 1.09, 95% CI: 0.90–1.33, p = 0.39). Subgroup analysis found that the effect of CHF on all-cause mortality was stronger for male patients, patients with residual renal function, the elderly (≥60 years of age), patients with arteriovenous fistulae vascular accesses, nondiabetic patients, low-flux dialyzer users, and inadequately dialyzed patients (standardized Kt/V <2). Conclusion: In HD patients, CHF was found to be associated with a higher risk of all-cause mortality and cause-specific hospitalization risk. Further research is needed to identify opportunities to improve care for HD patients combined with CHF.