Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Disease-based Modeling to Predict Fluid Response in Intensive Care Units

Summary Objective: To compare general and disease-based modeling for fluid resuscitation and vasopressor use in intensive care units. Methods: Retrospective cohort study in -volving 2944 adult medical and surgical intensive care unit (ICU) patients receiving fluid resuscitation. Within this cohort there were two disease-based groups, 802 patients with a diagnosis of pneumonia, and 143 patients with a diagnosis of pancreatitis. Fluid resuscitation either progressing to subsequent vasopressor administration or not was used as the primary outcome variable to compare general and disease-based modeling. Results: Patients with pancreatitis, pneumonia and the general group all shared three common predictive features as core variables, arterial base excess, lactic acid and platelets. Patients with pneumonia also had non-invasive systolic blood pressure and white blood cells added to the core model, and pancreatitis patients additionally had temperature. Disease-based models had significantly higher values of AUC (p < 0.05) than the general group (0.82 f± 0.02 for pneumonia and 0.83 ± 0.03 for pancreatitis vs. 0.79 ± 0.02 for general patients). Conclusions: Disease-based predictive mod -eling reveals a different set of predictive variables compared to general modeling and improved performance. Our findings add support to the growing body of evidence advantaging disease specific predictive modeling.
Dynamics of romantic love : attachment, caregiving, and sex

Part I: Introduction. Goodman, Attachment to Attachment Theory: A Personal Perspective on an Attachment Researcher. Mikulincer, Attachment, Caregiving, and Sex within Romantic Relationships: A Behavioral Systems Perspective. Part II: Basic Attachment Processes in Couple Relationships. Hazan, Campa, Gur-Yaish, What is Adult Attachment? Brumbaugh, Fraley, The Evolution of Attachment in Romantic Relationships. Bartholomew, Allison, An Attachment Perspective on Abusive Dynamics in Intimate Relationships. Levy, Kelly, Jack, Sex Differences in Jealousy: A Matter of Evolution or Attachment History? Part III: Interplay Between the Caregiving and Attachment Systems. Collins, Guichard, Ford, Feeney, Responding to Need in Intimate Relationships: Normative Processes and Individual Differences. Mikulincer, Shaver, Slav, Attachment, Mental Representations of Others, and Gratitude and Forgiveness in Romantic Relationships. Simpson, Campbell, Weisberg, Daily Perceptions of Conflict and Support in Romantic Relationships: The Ups and Downs of Anxiously Attached Individuals. Part IV: Attachment, Sex, and Love. Cooper, Pioli, Levitt, Talley, Micheas, Collins, Attachment Styles, Sex Motives, and Sexual Behavior: Evidence for Gender-specific Expressions of Attachment Dynamics. Diamond, How Do I Love Thee? : Implications of Attachment Theory for Understanding Same-sex Love and Desire. Davis, Attachment-related Pathways to Sexual Coercion. Gillath, Schachner, How Do Sexuality and Attachment Interrelate? : Goals, Motives, and Strategies. Part V: Interfaces Between Attachment Theory and Other Perspectives on Romantic Love. A. Aron, E.N. Aron, Romantic Relationships from the Perspectives of the Self-expansion Model and Attachment Theory: Partially Overlapping Circles. Reis, Implications of Attachment Theory for Research on Intimacy. Berscheid, Seasons of the Heart. Shaver, Dynamics of Romantic Love: Comments, Questions, and Future Directions.
Error Patterns for Automatic Error Detection in Computer Assisted Pronunciation Training Systems

This paper presents error patterns built on the basis of our comparative analysis of American English and Mexican Spanish phonemes and allophones which can be applied in designing the error detection module of a Computer Assisted Pronunciation Training (CAPT) System for teaching American English pronunciation to Mexican Spanish speakers. Error identification is important for an adequate choice of correcting techniques which improves English pronunciation acquisition and helps learners to develop less accented speech. Since automatic individual error detection remains a highly complex computational task, error patterns can enhance the system performance and improve its precision. To the best of our knowledge, error patterns in American English speech generated by Mexican Spanish speakers has not been defined in previous work which was done mainly for Castilian- originated standard Spanish.
Predictive value of bone resorption and formation markers in cancer patients with bone metastases receiving the bisphosphonate zoledronic acid.

PURPOSE Three large, randomized trials of patients with bone metastases recently demonstrated that zoledronic acid reduces the risk of skeletal-related events. These trials provide an opportunity for investigating the correlation between bone metabolism and clinical outcome during bisphosphonate therapy. PATIENTS AND METHODS Urinary measurements of N-telopeptide (Ntx) and serum bone alkaline phosphatase (BAP) were obtained in 1,824 bisphosphonate-treated patients-1,462 with zoledronic acid (breast, 490; prostate, 411; myeloma, 210; non-small-cell lung, 183; other, 168) and 362 with pamidronate (breast, 254; myeloma, 108). This exploratory cohort analysis grouped patients by baseline and most recent levels of Ntx as low (< 50 nmol/mmol creatinine), moderate (50 to 99 nmol/mmol creatinine), or high (> or = 100 nmol/mmol creatinine), and BAP as low (< 146 U/L) or high (> or = 146 U/L). The relative risks for negative clinical outcomes were estimated for each group using multiple-event and Cox regression models with time-varying covariates. RESULTS Patients with high and moderate Ntx levels had 2-fold increases in their risk of skeletal complications and disease progression compared with patients with low Ntx levels (P < .001 for all). High Ntx levels in each solid tumor category were associated with a 4- to 6-fold increased risk of death on study, and moderate Ntx levels a 2- to 4-fold increased risk compared with low Ntx levels (P < .001 for all). Bone alkaline phosphatase also showed some correlation with risk of negative clinical outcomes. CONCLUSION The bone resorption marker Ntx provides valuable prognostic information in patients with bone metastases receiving bisphosphonates.
Transport properties for random walks in disordered one-dimensional media: Perturbative calculation around the effective-medium approximation.

La methode d'etude permet de considerer d'une facon unifiee les cas du desordre fort et faible et des differentes conditions initiales. L'approximation du milieu effectif apparait comme le degre zero de cette approche. Cette methode est appliquee aux modeles de barrieres et pieges aleatoires. Analyse de ses limites de validite
The impact of timolol maleate on the ocular tolerability of fixed-combination glaucoma therapies

Glaucomatous optic atrophy is the second most common cause of blindness worldwide, and lowering intraocular pressure (IOP) is the only proven method to slow or stop the progression of the disease. Approximately 40% of patients with elevated IOP will require more than one medication to obtain a modest 20% reduction in IOP, and as a result, some patients may require two medications, provided in either two separate bottles or in one bottle with the use of fixed-combination therapies. Each therapy has its own unique safety and efficacy profile. Topical beta-blockers have a particularly favorable ocular-tolerability profile, and several studies of fixed-combination medications containing the beta-blocker timolol maleate have shown a lower prevalence of some ocular adverse events for the fixed-combination therapy compared to the non-beta-blocker individual component. In this review, we examined clinical data pertaining to the ocular surface tolerability of fixed-combination medications containing timolol maleate in comparison to the individual components. In particular, preference was given to prospective, randomized, multicenter trials of 3 months in duration or longer that compared a fixed-combination therapy to monotherapy with the individual components. A review of the literature revealed that some fixed-combination therapies can provide a reduced risk of common side effects compared to their individual components, with conjunctival hyperemia and ocular allergy being less frequent in some timolol-containing fixed-combination therapies. This effect appears to be most significant for latanoprost 0.005%, bimatoprost 0.03%, and brimonidine 0.2%.
Core Personal Competencies Important to Entering Students’ Success in Medical School: What Are They and How Could They Be Assessed Early in the Admission Process?

Assessing applicants’ personal competencies in the admission process has proven difficult because there is not an agreed-on set of personal competencies for entering medical students. In addition, there are questions about the measurement properties and costs of currently available assessment tools. The Association of American Medical College’s Innovation Lab Working Group (ILWG) and Admissions Initiative therefore engaged in a multistep, multiyear process to identify personal competencies important to entering students’ success in medical school as well as ways to measure them early in the admission process. To identify core personal competencies, they conducted literature reviews, surveyed U.S and Canadian medical school admission officers, and solicited input from the admission community. To identify tools with the potential to provide data in time for pre-interview screening, they reviewed the higher education and employment literature and evaluated tools’ psychometric properties, group differences, risk of coaching/faking, likely applicant and admission officer reactions, costs, and scalability. This process resulted in a list of nine core personal competencies rated by stakeholders as very or extremely important for entering medical students: ethical responsibility to self and others; reliability and dependability; service orientation; social skills; capacity for improvement; resilience and adaptability; cultural competence; oral communication; and teamwork. The ILWG’s research suggests that some tools hold promise for assessing personal competencies, but the authors caution that none are perfect for all situations. They recommend that multiple tools be used to evaluate information about applicants’ personal competencies in deciding whom to interview.
The Impact of Communication Locality on Large-Scale Multiprocessor Performance

As multiprocessor sizes scale and computer architects turn to interconnection networks with non-uniform communication latencies, the lure of exploiting communication locality to increase performance becomes inevitable. Models that accurately quantify locality effects provide invaluable insight into the importance of exploiting locality as machine sizes and features change. This paper presents a framework for modeling the impact of communication locality on system performance. The framework provides a means for combining simple models of application, processor, and network behavior to obtain a combined model that accurately reflects feedback effects between processors and networks. We introduce a model that characterizes application behavior with three parameters that capture computation grain, sensitivity to communication latency, and amount of locality present at execution time. The combined model is validated with measurements taken from a detailed simulator for a complete multiprocessor system. Using the combined model, we show that exploiting communication locality provides gains which are at most linear in the factor by which average communication distance is reduced when the number of outstanding communication transactions per processor is bounded. The combined model is also used to obtain rough upper bounds on the performance improvement from exploiting locality to minimize communication distance.
Membrane recruitment of the cargo-selective retromer subcomplex is catalysed by the small GTPase Rab7 and inhibited by the Rab-GAP TBC1D5

Retromer is a membrane-associated heteropentameric coat complex that functions in the endosome-to-Golgi retrieval of the cation-independent mannose-6-phosphate receptor, the Wntless protein and other membrane proteins of physiological significance. Retromer comprises two functional subcomplexes: the cargo-selective subcomplex is a trimer of the VPS35, VPS29, VPS26 proteins, whereas the sorting nexin proteins, Snx1 and Snx2 function to tubulate the endosomal membrane. Unlike the sorting nexins, which contain PtdIns3P-binding PX domains, the cargo-selective VPS35/29/26 complex has no lipid-binding domains and its recruitment to the endosomal membrane remains mechanistically uncharacterised. In this study we show that the VPS35/29/26 complex interacts with the small GTPase Rab7 and requires Rab7 for its recruitment to the endosome. We show that the Rab7K157N mutant that causes the peripheral neuropathy, Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease, does not interact with the VPS35/29/26 complex, resulting in a weakened association with the membrane. We have also identified a novel retromer-interacting protein, TBC1D5, which is a member of the Rab GAP family of proteins that negatively regulates VPS35/29/26 recruitment and causes Rab7 to dissociate from the membrane. We therefore propose that recruitment of the cargo-selective VPS35/29/26 complex is catalysed by Rab7 and inhibited by the Rab-GAP protein, TBC1D5.
Multiwinner Elections with Diversity Constraints

We develop a model of multiwinner elections that combines performance-based measures of the quality of the committee (such as, e.g., Borda scores of the committee members) with diversity constraints. Specifically, we assume that the candidates have certain attributes (such as being a male or a female, being junior or senior, etc.) and the goal is to elect a committee that, on the one hand, has as high a score regarding a given performance measure, but that, on the other hand, meets certain requirements (e.g., of the form "at least 30% of the committee members are junior candidates and at least 40% are females"). We analyze the computational complexity of computing winning committees in this model, obtaining polynomial-time algorithms (exact and approximate) and NP-hardness results. We focus on several natural classes of voting rules and diversity constraints.
Approximation algorithms and hardness of integral concurrent flow

We study an integral counterpart of the classical Maximum Concurrent Flow problem, that we call Integral Concurrent Flow (ICF). In the basic version of this problem (basic-ICF), we are given an undirected n-vertex graph $G$ with edge capacities c(e), a subset T of vertices called terminals, and a demand D(t,t') for every pair (t,t') of the terminals. The goal is to find a maximum value λ, and a collection P of paths, such that every pair (t,t') of terminals is connected by ⌊ λ ⋅ D(t,t')⌋ paths in P, and the number of paths containing any edge e is at most c(e). We show an algorithm that achieves a poly log n-approximation for basic-ICF, while violating the edge capacities by only a constant factor. We complement this result by proving that no efficient algorithm can achieve a factor α-approximation with congestion c for any values α,c satisfying α ⋅ c=O(log log n/log log log n), unless NP ⊆ ZPTIME(npoly log n). We then turn to study the more general group version of the problem (group=ICF), in which we are given a collection (S1,T1),. ,(Sk,Tk)} of pairs of vertex subsets, and for each 1 ≤ i ≤ k, a demand Di is specified. The goal is to find a maximum value λ and a collection P of paths, such that for each i, at least ⌊ λ ⋅ Di⌋ paths connect the vertices of Si to the vertices of Ti, while respecting the edge capacities. We show that for any 1 ≤ c ≤ O(log log n), no efficient algorithm can achieve a factor O(n1/(22c+3))-approximation with congestion c for the problem, unless NP ⊆ DTIME(nO(log log n)). On the other hand, we show an efficient randomized algorithm that finds a poly log n-approximate solution with a constant congestion, if we are guaranteed that the optimal solution contains at least D ≥ k poly log n paths connecting every pair (Si,Ti).
Promotions prédatrice et coopérative sur le marché des médicaments

Ce papier propose un modele de differenciation horizontale afin d'analyser la concurrence en promotion sur le marche pharmaceutique. La promotion pharmaceutique cible a la fois le medecin et le patient. Neanmoins, la nature de ces strategies differe : la promotion orientee vers le consommateur (POC) eleve la demande de marche et la promotion orientee vers le medecin (POM) augmente la part de marche. Dans un cadre theorique, nous obtenons un resultat principal. D'une part, la profitabilite de la POM s'eleve avec les depenses de POC du concurrent, et celle de la POC baisse avec les depenses de POM de son concurrent.
Nutritional management in childhood and adolescent diabetes

Voeding & zo/, Diabeter, Center for paediatric and adolescent diabetes care and research, Rotterdam, The Netherlands; Department of Endocrinology and Diabetes, John Hunter Children’s Hospital, Newcastle, New South Wales, Australia; and Dorset County Hospital, Dorchester, UK Corresponding author: Dr Sheridan Waldron, RD, PhD Diabetes Specialist Dietician Dietetic Dept. Dorset County Hospital Dorchester DT1 2JY UK. Tel: 144 1305 255788; fax: 144 1305 255380 e-mail: sheridan.waldron@btinternet.com
Frontiers in Aging Neuroscience Aging Neuroscience Review Article

to be more vulnerable to the aging process than other glutamate receptors and show declines in their binding densities, electrophys-iological functions, and infl uence on other transmitter systems. The degree of decline in binding is not always the same across different brain regions. In addition, different binding sites of the NMDA receptor complex show differential decreases in binding density within the same regions. This might be explained in part by the fi ndings that the subunits that comprise the NMDA receptor also show differential effects of aging on both mRNA and protein expression. There is evidence that suggests that these changes in NMDA receptor function should have an impact on learning and memory abilities and, in fact, several studies demonstrate an association between aging changes in the NMDA receptor and declining memory. However, there is also mounting evidence that, among older individuals, those that retain the highest levels of expression of NMDA receptors are the poorest learners. This suggests that there is a change in the role of the NMDA receptor with respect to plasticity between middle and old age. This review will present the normal features and functions of the NMDA receptor complex, discuss the changes that have been reported in the NMDA receptor and its related functions during aging, and suggest future directions for improving or preventing age-related changes in learning and memory processes by targeting the NMDA receptor complex. Some of this information has been reviewed previously (Muller et al., 1994; Magnusson, 1998b). This review represents an expansion of certain topics and an update on the progress achieved since
Modification of Ras in Eukaryotic Cells by Pseudomonas aeruginosa Exoenzyme S

ABSTRACT Genetic and functional data suggest that Pseudomonas aeruginosa exoenzyme S (ExoS), an ADP-ribosyltransferase, is translocated into eukaryotic cells by a bacterial type III secretory mechanism activated by contact between bacteria and host cells. Although purified ExoS is not toxic to eukaryotic cells, ExoS-producing bacteria cause reduced proliferation and viability, possibly mediated by bacterially translocated ExoS. To investigate the activity of translocated ExoS, we examined in vivo modification of Ras, a preferred in vitro substrate. The ExoS-producing strain P. aeruginosa388 and an isogenic mutant strain, 388ΔexoS, which fails to produce ExoS, were cocultured with HT29 colon carcinoma cells. Ras was found to be ADP-ribosylated during coculture with 388 but not with 388ΔexoS, and Ras modification by 388 corresponded with reduction in HT29 cell DNA synthesis. Active translocation by bacteria was found to be required, since exogenous ExoS, alone or in the presence of 388ΔexoS, was unable to modify intracellular Ras. Other ExoS-producing strains caused modification of Ras, indicating that this is not a strain-specific event. ADP-ribosylation of Rap1, an additional Ras family substrate for ExoS in vitro, was not detectable in vivo under conditions sufficient for Ras modification, suggesting possible ExoS substrate preference among Ras-related proteins. These results confirm that intracellular Ras is modified by bacterially translocated ExoS and that the inhibition of target cell proliferation correlates with the efficiency of Ras modification.
Benzene and Naphthalene Degrading Bacterial Communities in an Oil Sands Tailings Pond

Oil sands process-affected water (OSPW), produced by surface-mining of oil sands in Canada, is alkaline and contains high concentrations of salts, metals, naphthenic acids, and polycyclic aromatic compounds (PAHs). Residual hydrocarbon biodegradation occurs naturally, but little is known about the hydrocarbon-degrading microbial communities present in OSPW. In this study, aerobic oxidation of benzene and naphthalene in the surface layer of an oil sands tailings pond were measured. The potential oxidation rates were 4.3 μmol L−1 OSPW d−1 for benzene and 21.4 μmol L−1 OSPW d−1 for naphthalene. To identify benzene and naphthalene-degrading microbial communities, metagenomics was combined with stable isotope probing (SIP), high-throughput sequencing of 16S rRNA gene amplicons, and isolation of microbial strains. SIP using 13C-benzene and 13C-naphthalene detected strains of the genera Methyloversatilis and Zavarzinia as the main benzene degraders, while strains belonging to the family Chromatiaceae and the genus Thauera were the main naphthalene degraders. Metagenomic analysis revealed a diversity of genes encoding oxygenases active against aromatic compounds. Although these genes apparently belonged to many phylogenetically diverse taxa, only a few of these taxa were predominant in the SIP experiments. This suggested that many members of the community are adapted to consuming other aromatic compounds, or are active only under specific conditions. 16S rRNA gene sequence datasets have been submitted to the Sequence Read Archive (SRA) under accession number SRP109130. The Gold Study and Project submission ID number in Joint Genome Institute IMG/M for the metagenome is Gs0047444 and Gp0055765.
Forecasting the one-year-ahead raw returns of a firm by estimating the equilibrium correction of the market to its time varying perception of the long run relationship between market and accounting values

Time series models based upon the reported accounting data of Abbott Laboratories Inc. are used to forecast its one-year-ahead raw returns over hold-out periods of 1, 4 and 10 years. The sample data is annual, from 1955 to 2003. A general-to-specific, testing down, modelling method is used. The models suggest market values are corrected for imbalances between expected and actual market values in the preceding year. All well specified models are in logs, implying a multiplicative statistical relationship between market and accounting values. The highest ranking model in terms of forecast root-mean-square-error criteria supports capitalised, reported earnings as the best estimate of year-end market perceptions of long run market value. Using book value of net assets, instead of earnings, produces forecasts of raw returns no better than a random walk model, i.e. book value is not value relevant in this case.