Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
UvA-DARE (

Natural Language Generation (NLG) models are prone to generating repetitive utterances. In this work, we study the repetition problem for encoder-decoder models, using both recurrent neural network (RNN) and trans-former architectures. To this end, we consider the chit-chat task, where the problem is more prominent than in other tasks that need encoder-decoder architectures. We ﬁrst study the inﬂuence of model architectures. By us-ing pre-attention and highway connections for RNNs, we manage to achieve lower repetition rates. However, this method does not generalize to other models such as transformers. We hypothesize that the deeper reason is that in the training corpora, there are hard tokens that are more difﬁcult for a generative model to learn than others and, once learning has ﬁn-ished, hard tokens are still under-learned, so that repetitive generations are more likely to happen. Based on this hypothesis, we pro-pose token loss dynamic reweighting (TLDR) that applies differentiable weights to individual token losses. By using higher weights for hard tokens and lower weights for easy tokens, NLG models are able to learn individual to-kens at different paces. Experiments on chit-chat benchmark datasets show that TLDR is more effective in repetition reduction for both RNN and transformer architectures than base-lines using different weighting functions.
Novel R&D Capabilities as a Response to ESG Risks-Lessons From Amazon’s Fusion of Diverse Knowledge

Environmental, Social, and Governance (ESG) management is essential for transforming corporate financial performance-oriented business strategies into Finance (F) + ESG optimization strategies to achieve the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). In this trend, the rise of ESG risks has divided firms into two categories. Former incorporates a growthmindset that creates a passion for learning, and urges it to improve itself by endeavoring Research and development (R&D) -driven challenges, while the other category, characterized by risk aversion, avoids challenging highly uncertain R&D activities and seeks more manageable endeavors. This duality underscores the complexity of corporate R&D strategies in addressing ESG risks and necessitates the development of novel R&D capabilities for corporate R&D transformation strategies towards F + ESG optimization. Building on this premise, this paper conducts an empirical analysis, utilizing reliable firms data on ESG risk and brand value, with a focus on 100 global R&D leader firms. It analyzes R&D and actions for ESG risk mitigation, and assesses the development of new functions that fulfill F + ESG optimization through R&D. The analysis also highlights the significance of network externality effects, with a specific focus on Amazon, a leading R&D company, providing insights into the direction for transforming R&D strategies towards F + ESG optimization. The dynamics of stakeholder engagement in F + ESG optimization are indicated with the example of amazon's activities. Through the analysis, it became evident that Amazon's capacity encompassing growth and scalability, specifically its ability to grow and expand, is accelerating high-level research and development by gaining the trust of stakeholders in the "synergy through R&D-driven ESG risk mitigation. " Finally, as examples of these initiatives, the paper discussed the Climate Pledge led by Amazon and the transformation of Japan's management system.
Structural evolution of the frontal fold–thrust belt, NW Himalayas from sequential restoration of balanced cross-sections and its hydrocarbon potential

Abstract Two sedimentary lithotectonic zones are traditionally recognized in the northwestern Himalayan frontal fold–thrust belt in the Nahan salient: the Lesser Himalaya Zone (LHZ) and the Sub-Himalaya Zone (SHZ). The LHZ is made up of a sequence of Proterozoic to Early Cambrian rocks and the SHZ is made up of Cenozoic rock sequences, which were deposited subsequent to the India–Asia collision. Serial balanced cross-sections show that the structural geometries become increasingly complex from independent ramp anticlines near the foreland through imbricate fan/duplex to stacked-up horses towards the hinterland. Sequential restoration suggests a structural evolution in which a foreland propagating, in-sequence thrusting event was followed by out-of-sequence thrusting in an approximately break-back style. During the out-of-sequence movement, some of the ramps formed during in-sequence thrusting were repeatedly reactivated, leading to very complex structural geometries, particularly in the LHZ. In such a complexly deformed terrain, a rigorous structural modelling approach, combined with a robust geochemical and geochronological database, should be used to carry out calibrated petroleum system modelling, and thus reduce exploration risk.
Holographic Characterization of KMnO 4 based CMP slurries for SiC polishing

This work presents the analysis of high precision polishing slurries with potassium permanganate (KMnO 4 ) additives using Total Holographic Characterization ® (THC). These slurries are formulated for the chemical mechanical planarization (CMP) of silicon carbide wafers. The purple potassium permanganate stains surfaces and has a large absorption coefficient for visible light. The combination of potassium permanganate and the abrasive nanoparticles that make up the CMP slurries presents a challenge for quality monitoring during the slurry blend and delivery process using most optical techniques. THC has proven effective in detecting agglomerates in turbid CMP slurries [1] containing a variety of different compositions of nanoparticles [2]. In this work, we extend THC to characterizing slurries containing permanganate additives. Samples of slurries containing permanganate were measured without any need for dilution or calibration. This approach was demonstrated to be robust and effective in detecting large particle contaminates in slurries with KMnO 4 additives.
Influence of Internalized and Externalized Aggression on Students’ Academic Success

The current research aimed to identify the relationship of internalized (anger and hostility) and externalized (physical and verbal) aggression of students’ academic success. The specimen of the study was comprised of 200 undergraduate students (including 100 male and 100 female) of cities Rawalpindi and Islamabad. Two questionnaires were used for data collection. Buss-Perry Ag-gression Questionnaire (1992) was used to measure internalized and externalizes aggression, whereas Academic Motivational Scale was utilized for measuring students’ academic success. Data were analyzed by using descriptive statistics and Pearson correlation. Findings exposed that boys expressed more externalize aggression than girls and in educational setting girls performed much better than boys. Further findings exposed a negative but moderate relationship between externalized aggression and students’ academic performance and a weak correlation was found between internalize aggression and the academic performance of male students. The further result indicated a weak but negative correlation of internalizing aggression with academic performance of female students and a positive correlation of externalizing aggression with academic performance.
CAC: Enabling Customer-Centered Passenger-Seeking for Self-Driving Ride Service with Conservative Actor-Critic

Rapid advances in perception, planning, and decision-making areas for self-driving vehicles have led to great improvements in their function and capabilities and enabled several prototypes to be driving on the roads and streets, such as Waymo Driver, TuSimple, Nuro, etc. Among various applications of self-driving vehicles, a promising one is the ride service as it has the potential to improve service quality and productivity and to provide service to anyone at any time. Extensive studies have been conducted on self-driving planning and safety, but few works focus on self-driving ride service decision-making and routing. In this work, we take the lead to study self-driving ride service planning and decision-making problem leveraging human-generated spatial-temporal data, and propose the data-driven Conservative Actor-Critic approach – CAC – based on offline reinforcement learning. Our CAC is able to make conservative decisions in a complicated environment with multiple goal states, and avoid dangerous and overly optimistic behaviors by exploiting human decisions. Extensive experiments with real-world data demonstrate that our CAC-learned policies are able to improve taxi service operation efficiency and quality drastically in terms of shortening passenger waiting time and improving service revenue.
Ha-ras Interference with Thyroid Cell Differentiation Is Associated with a Down-Regulation of Thyroid Transcription Factor-1 Phosphorylation.

Mechanisms responsible for the lack of thyroid-specific differentiation markers in Ha-ras transformed FRTL-5 cells have been investigated. In vivo cell labeling and immunoprecipitation demonstrate that phosphorylation of the thyroid transcription factor-1 (TTF-1) is clearly reduced in thyroid cells transformed with the Ha-ras oncogene. Fingerprinting analysis of phosphotryptic peptides from FRTL-5 and Ha-ras-FRTL-5 cells also reveals a heterogeneous pattern of TTF-1 phosphorylation in the transformed cell line. This heterogeneity is localized in the amino terminal cluster of phosphoserines, as determined by transfection of HeLa cells with TTF-1 mutants in which serine residues have been replaced by alanines. Amplification and nucleotide sequence of the 5′-coding region of the TTF-1 gene in Ha-ras-FRTL-5 cells rule out the possibility that differences in phosphorylation were the consequence of any mutational event affecting residues within the N-terminal protein sequence. Hypophosphorylated TTF-1 is still .
Middle Cambrian to Middle Ordovician Cyclic Sedimentation, Southern Rocky Mountains of Alberta

ABSTRACT The stable-shelf succession of the Middle Cambrian to Middle Ordovician of the southern Rockies consists of a limited number of rock-types, predominantly of very shallow-water origin, each of which is repeated many times throughout the succession in a cyclic manner. Eight asymmetrical depositional cycles are represented, each comprising 300 to 2,000 feet of strata and two or more fossil zones. Each of the cycles commences at an abrupt basal contact, and consists of a lower, shaly half-cycle gradationally overlain by a carbonate half-cycle. These cycles in the stratigraphic succession reflect lateral shifts in the positions of the inner detrital, middle carbonate, and outer detrital facies belts. All formational contacts are drawn at the beginnings or mid-points of depositional cycles. Rhythmic repetitions of sequences of beds occur within both shaly and carbonate half-cycles, at an estimated frequency of 20 to 50 per cycle. The sub-cycles vary in character according to stratigraphic and geographic position, but all may be reasonably interpreted as resulting from a sudden increase in water depth and supply of terrigenous sediment, followed by gradual shoaling in clearing waters. The major cycle is interpreted as reflecting a similar sequence of environments, occurring over a much longer period. Any hypothesis constructed to explain the cyclic deposition must take into account the following: Cycles and sub-cycles reflect sequences of events parallel in character but different in magnitude and duration. Large areas of the shelf are affected simultaneously. Uplift in the source area, manifested by an increased supply of detritus, coincides with subsidence in the area of deposition, manifested by deeper-water lithofacies. A "tilting-craton theory" has been constructed to satisfy the above requirements.
ScholarWorks ScholarWorks

Creativity, the process of creating something new and valuable, benefits children by improving their skills and development, encouraging interaction and engagement, and enabling the generation and expression of novel ideas. In recent years, interactive digital tools have emerged to support the user ’ s creativity in the open-ended creation of new artifacts. However, the question of evaluating the creativity happening in the interplay be-tween children, digital tools, and products is still open. This systematic literature review investigated the evaluations of digital creativity support tools for children and identified 81 peer-reviewed relevant articles from the last 10 years. This research contributes to practitioners and researchers by providing an overview of the evaluations in a framework based on 10 factors (value, novelty, fluency, enjoyment, user feeling, collaboration, expressiveness, immersion, flexibility, and interaction), nine product areas, three approaches, and five methods. The review demonstrated that the evaluations differ widely, and the area lacks a standard evaluation framework. We propose the dimensions of our analysis as an initial framework for situating the evaluation of digital creativity support tools for children that the child – computer interaction community can further refine.
Edinburgh Research Explorer TNF-related apoptosis-inducing ligand (TRAIL) regulates inflammatory neutrophil apoptosis and enhances resolution of inflammation

Novel therapeutics targeting neutrophilic inﬂammation are a major unmet clinical need in acute and chronic in-ﬂammation. The timely induction of neutrophil apoptosis is critical for inﬂammation resolution, and it is thought that acceleration of apoptosis may facilitate resolution at in-ﬂammatory sites. We previously demonstrated that a death receptor ligand, TRAIL, accelerates neutrophil apoptosis in vitro. We examined the role of TRAIL in neutro-phil-dominant inﬂammation in WT and TRAIL-deﬁcient mice. TRAIL deﬁciency did not alter constitutive neutrophil apoptosis, whereas exogenous TRAIL accelerated apoptosis of murine peripheral blood neutrophils. We compared TRAIL-deﬁcient and WT mice in two independent models of neutrophilic inﬂammation: bacterial LPS-induced acute lung injury and zymosan-induced peritonitis. In both models, TRAIL-deﬁcient mice had an enhanced inﬂammatory response with increased neutrophil numbers and reduced neutrophil apoptosis. Correction of TRAIL deﬁciency and supraphysiological TRAIL signaling using exogenous protein enhanced neutrophil apoptosis and reduced neutrophil numbers in both inﬂammatory models with no evidence of effects on other cell types. These data indicate the potential therapeutic beneﬁt of TRAIL in neutrophilic inﬂammation. J
On the Actuator Requirements for Human-Like Execution of Retargeted Human Motion on Humanoid Robots

Building humanoid robots with properties similar to those of humans in terms of strength, agility, and motion versatility remains a challenge. To achieve human-like motion behavior, an identification of the actuation requirements is crucial. In this paper, we propose a novel approach that automatically calculates the necessary actuator requirements for a given upper-body humanoid robot kinematics performing motions retargeted from human motion data. First, we introduce a unified representation of humanoid upper limb kinematics to decouple the analysis from robot-specific features to allow the comparison between different humanoid robot kinematics. Second, we derive a novel performance index to compare actuator requirements regarding velocity, acceleration, and torque for different kinematics, which are needed for the execution of retargeted human motions. We evaluate our approach by comparing the calculated actuator requirements and performance indices of ten existing humanoid robot kinematics in addition to a new robot design, using 40 recorded human motions of different categories. The results demonstrate the impact of robot kinematics on the joint actuator requirements for achieving human-like motion.
USIWO: A Local Community Search Algorithm for Uncertain Graphs

—Community detection and community search are both critical tasks in graph mining, each serving unique purposes and presenting distinct challenges. The former aims to partition the graph vertices into densely connected subsets, while the latter adopts a more ego-centric approach, focusing on a specific node or group of nodes to identify a densely-connected sub-graph that contains these query nodes. However, many real-world networks are characterized by uncertainty, leading to the notion of uncertain or probabilistic graphs. The transition from deterministic graphs to uncertain graphs introduces new challenges. We present USIWO , an efficient and practical solution for community search in unweighted uncertain graphs with edge uncertainty. In addition to being accurate, the approach utilizes an efficient data structure for storing only the relevant parts of the network in main memory, eliminating the need to store the entire graph, making it a valuable tool in finding the core of a community on very large uncertain graphs, when there is limited time and memory available. The algorithm operates through a one-node-expansion approach, based on the concepts of strong and weak links within a graph. Experimental results on several datasets demonstrate the algorithm’s efficiency and performance.
Effects of Multimedia Learning on ESP Learners' Reading Comprehension and Cognitive Load: A Case of Winning, Surviving, or Losing?

Although multimedia technologies have proven to be effective educational tools for language learning, most of the studies in this area have been conducted in EFL/ESL contexts. However, there is a need for an increased understanding of the contribution of multimedia technologies to ESP courses, where language use is limited to the professional environment, and the learners are heavily influenced by time and resource limitations. This study was conducted to investigate the role of implementing multimedia on ESP learners' reading ability and cognitive load in an Archival Science ESP course. The participants consisted of 48 archivists working in the National Library and Archives of Iran in two experimental groups selected based on convenience sampling. Two multimedia-assisted task-based and task-based-only methods were employed in a 10-session ESP course. Following a mixed-methods design, the data were collected and analyzed through using independent samples t-tests comparing the means of the two groups on the reading comprehension tests and the cognitive load self-rating scale in the quantitative phase of the study. Moreover, an inductive thematic analysis approach was employed in the qualitative phase to analyze the data gathered through stimulated recall sessions considering the cognitive load the participants had experienced while they were engaged in multimedia-assisted task-based ESP learning. The quantitative findings suggested that multimedia learning was significantly effective in improving ESP learners' reading ability; however, it generated a higher level of cognitive load in the learning process. The qualitative findings revealed that technology-related problems, learner-related problems, content-related problems, and instruction-related problems were the most important factors leading to an increase in the cognitive load in the multimedia-assisted task-based ESP condition.
memory dissociation and PET assessment of brain perfusion and oxygen metabolism in the acute stage

Objectives —To assess explicit memory and two components of implicit memory—that is, perceptual-verbal skill learning and lexical-semantic priming e V ects—as well as resting cerebral blood ﬂow (CBF) and oxygen metabolism (CMRO 2 ) during the acute phase of transient global amnesia . Methods —In a 59 year old woman, whose amnestic episode fulﬁlled all current criteria for transient global amnesia, a neuropsychological protocol was administered, including word learning, story recall, categorical ﬂuency, mirror reading, and word stem completion tasks. PET was performed using the 15 O steady state inhalation method, while the patient still exhibited severe anterograde amnesia and was interleaved with the cognitive tests. Results —There was a clear cut dissociation between impaired long term episodic memory and preserved implicit memory for its two components. Categorical ﬂu-ency was signiﬁcantly altered, suggesting word retrieval strategy—rather than semantic memory—impairment. The PET study disclosed a reduced CMRO 2 with relatively or fully preserved CBF in the left prefrontotemporal cortex and lenti-form nucleus, and the reverse pattern over the left occipital cortex. Conclusions —The PET alterations with patchy CBF-CMRO 2 uncoupling would be compatible with a migraine-like phenomenon and indicate that the isolated assessment of perfusion in transient global amnesia may be misleading. The pattern of metabolic depression, with sparing of the hippocampal area, is one among the distinct patterns of brain dysfunction that underlie the (apparently) uniform clinical presentation of
Serum vitamin D concentration in children with pneumonia and acute respiratory infections, risk factors for its low level.

INTRODUCTION While there is extensive literature discussing the link between various respiratory infections and risk factors that contribute to low vitamin D levels, there is still no consensus on this relationship. The aim of this study was to test whether low vitamin D levels are associated with pneumonia and acute respiratory infections (ARI) and to identify risk factors for low vitamin D levels in children with these conditions. METHODOLOGY The study was conducted at the Muratsan Hospital in Yerevan from February to December 2017. It included 140 randomly selected children aged 1 to 5 years, half of whom had pneumonia and the other half had ARI. Based on serum vitamin D levels, the children were further divided into groups with low (52 patients with pneumonia and 38 patients with ARI) and normal vitamin D levels (18 patients with pneumonia and 32 patients with ARI). Factors such as feeding, age, gender, and mother's education were included as indicators of risk for low vitamin D. RESULTS The difference between the mean values of vitamin D in groups of children with pneumonia and ARI was statistically significant (p < 0.05). Feeding was positively, and age was negatively associated with the level of vitamin D (p < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS We found that children with pneumonia had a lower vitamin D level. We also found that poor nutrition and the age of the child (1 to 5 years) were risk factors for low vitamin D levels with respiratory infections.
Autonomy and Dignity for Elderly Using Socially Assistive Technologies

—In the domain of technology design for elderly care homes, striking a balance between patient autonomy, individual needs, and physical care is imperative. As technology advances, it becomes crucial to prioritize the preservation of patients’ autonomy and dignity while addressing their specific needs for physical care. This abstract explores the intricate ethical issues surrounding the utilization of social robots and conversational agents in this context, shedding light on the potential consequences of neglecting patient autonomy and disregarding their needs. By delving into the implications of these ethical challenges, we propose strategies tailored to elderly care, drawing from existing literature to navigate these complexities effectively.