Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
STUDY OF INSTRUCTIONAL MODELS AND SYNTAX AS AN EFFORT FOR DEVELOPING ‘OIDDE’ INSTRUCTIONAL MODEL

The 21st century requires the availability of human resources with seven skills or competence (Maftuh, 2016), namely: 1) critical thinking and problem solving skills, 2) creative and innovative, 3) behave ethically, 4) flexible and quick to adapt, 5) competence in ICT and literacy, 6) interpersonal and collaborative capabilities, 7) social skills and cross-cultural interaction. One of the competence of human resources of the 21st century are behaving ethically should be established and developed through learning that includes the study of ethics because ethical behavior can not be created and owned as it is by human, but must proceed through solving problem, especially ethical dilemma solving on the ethical problems atau problematics of ethics. The fundamental problem, in order to ethical behavior competence can be achieved through learning, is the right model of learning is not found yet by teachers to implement the learning associated with ethical values as expected in character education (Hudha, et al, 2014a, 2014b, 2014c). Therefore, it needs a decent learning model (valid), practical and effective so that ethics learning, to establish a human resources behave ethically, can be met. Thus, it is necessary to study (to analyze) and modificate the steps of learning (syntax) existing learning model, in order to obtain the results of the development model of learning syntax. One model of learning that is feasible, practical, and effective question is the learning model on the analysis and modification of syntax model of social learning, syntax learning model systems behavior (Joyce and Weil, 1980, Joyce, et al, 2009) as well as syntax learning model Tri Prakoro (Akbar, 2013). The modified syntax generate learning model 'OIDDE' which is an acronym of orientation, identify, discussion, decision, and engage in behavior. Keywords: Ethics, OIDDE Learning Model, Model Behavior Learning System-consistent, Social Learning Model, Model Learning Triprakoro, Syntax
Directed graphs and its Boundary Vertices

Suppose that $D=(V,E)$ is a strongly connected digraph. Let $u,v\in V(D)$. The maximum distance $md (u,v)$ is defined as $md(u,v)$=max\{$\overrightarrow{d}(u,v), \overrightarrow{d}(v,u)$\} where $\overrightarrow{d}(u,v)$ denote the length of a shortest directed $u-v$ path in $D$. This is a metric. The boundary, contour, eccentric and peripheral sets of a strong digraph $D$ are defined with respect to this metric. The main aim of this paper is to identify the above said metrically defined sets of a large strong digraph $D$ in terms of its prime factor decomposition with respect to cartesian product.
An investigation into the reactions of biochar in soil

Interactions between biochar, soil, microbes, and plant roots may occur within a short period of time after application to the soil. The extent, rates, and implications of these interactions, however, are far from understood. This review describes the properties of biochars and suggests possible reactions that may occur after the addition of biochars to soil. These include dissolution-precipitation, adsorption-desorption, acid-base, and redox reactions. Attention is given to reactions occurring within pores, and to interactions with roots, microorganisms, and soil fauna. Examination of biochars (from chicken litter, greenwaste, and paper mill sludges) weathered for 1 and 2 years in an Australian Ferrosol provides evidence for some of the mechanisms described in this review and offers an insight to reactions at a molecular scale. These interactions are biochar- and site-specific. Therefore, suitable experimental trials—combining biochar types and different pedoclimatic conditions—are needed to determine the extent to which these reactions influence the potential of biochar as a soil amendment and tool for carbon sequestration.
Preliminary study of rain effect on channel gain of body area communication

Body area communication could be a promising solution of next generation wearable networks for pervasive computing. The effect of rain on channel gain was analyzed and experimentally evaluated. A modified electric model of body channel was given and based on which the changing tendency of channel gain was studied. In rainy day, capacitances and resistances in the electric model will vary, which leads to the change of channel gain. Analysis results show that channel gain increases moderately with the capacitance between human body and transmit electrode or receive electrode, and decreases with the capacitance between human body and transmitter suspension ground or earth ground. The measurements of the body channel cover the frequency range from 100 kHz to 10MHz. Wet sponge was used to emulate the changing of air and clothes humidity. Results show that wet sponge brings perceptible change to received signal amplitude, which is in accord with the analysis result. Finally, channel gain was measured on wet lawn after rain. Results when barefoot and wearing shoes were compared as well as indoor trial. Channel gain is closely related to frequency when user is barefoot. The higher the frequency is, the less effect of ambient humidity is. Accordingly, a carrier frequency higher than 1MHz is recommended for rainy day application.
The Microendoscopic Decompression of Lumbar Stenosis: A Review of the Current Literature and Clinical Results

Lumbar stenosis is a well-defined pathologic condition with excellent surgical outcomes. Empiric evidence as well as randomized, prospective trials has demonstrated the superior efficacy of surgery compared to medical management for lumbar stenosis. Traditionally, lumbar stenosis is decompressed with open laminectomies. This involves removal of the spinous process, lamina, and the posterior musculoligamentous complex (posterior tension band). This approach provides excellent improvement in symptoms, but is also associated with potential postoperative spinal instability. This may result in subsequent need for spinal fusion. Advances in technology have enabled the application of minimally invasive spine surgery (MISS) as an acceptable alternative to open lumbar decompression. Recent studies have shown similar to improved perioperative outcomes when comparing MISS to open decompression for lumbar stenosis. A literature review of MISS for decompression of lumbar stenosis with tubular retractors was performed to evaluate the outcomes of this modern surgical technique. In addition, a discussion of the advantages and limitations of this technique is provided.
AROM: Processing big data with Data Flow Graphs and functional programming

The development in computational processing has driven towards distributed processing frameworks performing tasks in parallel setups. The recent advances in Cloud Computing have widely contributed to this tendency. The MapReduce model proposed by Google is one of the most popular despite the well-known limitations inherent to the model which constrain the types of jobs that can be expressed. On the other hand models based on Data Flow Graphs (DFG) for the processing and the definition of the jobs, while more complex to express, are more general and suitable for a wider range of tasks, including iterative and pipelined tasks. In this paper we present AROM, a framework for large scale distributed processing based on DFG to express the jobs and which uses paradigms from functional programming to define the operators. The former leads to more natural handling of pipelined tasks while the latter enhances genericity and reusability of the operators, as shown by our tests on a parallel and pipelined job performing the calculation of PageRank.
The Case for Reconfigurable Processors

Processors, from their inception, have been designed to heavily share a limited quantity of active hardware. This trend has continued to present, with modern microprocessors heavily multiplexing small execution engines making room to hold a large number of instructions and data on chip. As we look to the future, the real-estate available on a single VLSI IC continues to increase, shifting the premium away from simply packing computational descriptions on chip and opening up the way to pack entire active computations. Consequently, a substantial fraction of the area on future microprocessors will be devoted to reconfigurable logic supporting the spatial composition of regular computations. Furthermore, the major functional blocks traditionally found on microprocessors (e.g. processing cores, memory blocks, hardwired functional units) will be interconnected in a reconfigurable manner allowing them to be organized and deployed according to the needs of an application.
Generalized MPLS (GMPLS) RSVP-TE Signaling Extensions in Support of Calls

In certain networking topologies, it may be advantageous to maintain associations between endpoints and key transit points to support an instance of a service. Such associations are known as Calls. A Call does not provide the actual connectivity for transmitting user traffic, but only builds a relationship by which subsequent Connections may be made. In Generalized MPLS (GMPLS) such Connections are known as Label Switched Paths (LSPs). This document specifies how GMPLS Resource Reservation Protocol - Traffic Engineering (RSVP-TE) signaling may be used and extended to support Calls. These mechanisms provide full and logical Call/Connection separation. The mechanisms proposed in this document are applicable to any environment (including multi-area), and for any type of interface: packet, layer-2, time- division multiplexed, lambda, or fiber switching. [STANDARDS-TRACK]
Empirical Validate C & K Suite for Predict Fault-Proneness of Object-Oriented Classes Developed Using Fuzzy Logic

Empirical validation of software metrics suites to predict fault proneness in object-oriented (OO) components is essential to ensure their accuracy in practical industrial. In this paper, we empirically validate the Chidamber and Kemerer (CK) metrics suite metrics for their ability to predict software quality in terms of fault-proneness: we explore the ability of these metrics suites to predict fault-prone classes using defect data for six versions of Rhino, an open-source implementation of JavaScript written in Java. We conclude that the C&K suite contain similar components and produce statistical models that are effective in detecting error-prone classes. Analyzing Fuzzy Logic models across six Rhino versions indicates these models may be useful in assessing quality in OO classes produced using modern highly iterative or agile software development processes. Keywordsfault-prone; fuzzy logic; software quality; prediction model
Encoding Sound Timbre in the Auditory System

In a complex acoustic environment, several sound sources may simultaneously change their loudness, location, timbre, and pitch. Yet humans like many other animals are able to integrate effortlessly the multitude of cues arriving at their ears, and to derive coherent percepts and judgments about the different attributes of each source. This facility to analyze an auditory scene is conceptually based on a multi-stage process in which sound is first analyzed in terms of a relatively few perceptually significant attributes (the alphabet of auditory perception), followed by higher level integrative processes that organize and group the extracted attributes according to specific context-sensitive rules (the syntax of auditory perception) [1]. The sound received at the two ears is processed for attributes including source location, acoustic ambience, and source attributes such as tone and pitch, timbre and intensity. Decades of physiological and psychoacoustical studies [2,3] have revealed elegant strategies at various stages of the mammalian auditory system for the representation of the signal cues underlying auditory perception. This information has facilitated the development of biophysical models, mathematical abstractions, and computational algorithms of the early and central auditory stages with the aim of capturing the functionality, robustness, and enormous versatility of the auditory system [4]. Numerous groups have implemented such algorithms in software and hardware, and have evaluated them by comparing their performance to human performance and against a range of robustness and flexibility requirements. Furthermore, these auditory-inspired processing strategies have been utilized in a wide range of applications including acoustic diagnostic monitoring systems for machines and manufacturing processes, battlefield acoustic signal analysis, sound analysis and recognition systems, robust detection and recognition of multiple interacting faults, and detection and recognition of underwater transients and weak signals in low signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) in acoustically-cluttered environments [5,6]. We shall briefly review the auditory encoding of various sound attributes to illustrate the above ideas. We shall specifically focus on the percept of sound timbre: what acoustic cues are most intimately correlated with it? How are they represented at various stages of the auditory pathway? And how the abstracted auditory signal processing algorithms and representations can be applied to measure speech intelligibility to describe musical timbre and to analyze complex auditory scenes?
Investigating the Performance of Hardware Transactions on a Multi-Socket Machine

The introduction of hardware transactional memory (HTM) into commercial processors opens a door for designing and implementing scalable synchronization mechanisms. One example for such a mechanism is transactional lock elision (TLE), where lock-based critical sections are executed concurrently using hardware transactions. So far, the effectiveness of TLE and other HTM-based mechanisms has been assessed mostly on small, single-socket machines. This paper investigates the behavior of hardware transactions on a large two-socket machine. Using TLE as an example, we show that a system can scale as long as all threads run on the same socket, but a single thread running on a different socket can wreck performance. We identify the reason for this phenomenon, and present a simple adaptive technique that overcomes this problem by throttling threads as necessary to optimize system performance. Using extensive evaluation of multiple microbenchmarks and real applications, we demonstrate that our technique achieves the full performance of the system for workloads that scale across sockets, and avoids the performance degradation that cripples TLE for workloads that do not.
Mapping in a City Environment Using a Single Hand-Held Digital Camera

In this context this paper proposes a conceptual framework for a mapping process in an attempt to survey city blocks where the only sensory input is a single low-cost digital camera. This proof-of-concept measuring process begins with taking images of at least two known geo-referenced control points and involves taking sequential images as the user walks forward around a city block. Each image is linked to previous images of the same scene taken from a previously occupied location.
An innovative way to analyze large ISP data for IMS security and monitoring

The security of Voice over IP (VoIP) and other session based services is a cornerstone for the success of the emerging NGN (Next Generation Network) and IMS (IP Multimedia Subsystem). Actually, the NGN architectures and IMS services significantly increase the risk for security attacks, frauds and other issues related to the transition from the old and (usually considered) secure PSTN/ISDN. The aim of this article is to describe an innovative monitoring tool, developed within the Telecom Italia R&D, in order to satisfy the functional requirements of large Service Providers or Operators, and able to provide the needed security features for the emerging IMS services.
Craniomandibular System and Postural Balance after 3-Day Dry Immersion

The objective of the study was to determine the influence of simulated microgravity by exposure to dry immersion on the craniomandibular system. Twelve healthy male volunteers participated in a 3-day dry immersion study. Before and immediately after exposure we measured maximal bite force using piezoresistive sensors. The mechanical properties of the jaw and cervical muscles were evaluated before, during, and after dry immersion using MyotonPRO. Because recent studies reported the effects of jaw motor activity on the postural stability of humans, stabilometric measurements of center of pressure were performed before and after dry immersion in two mandibular positions: rest position without jaw clenching, and intercuspidal position during voluntary teeth clenching. Results revealed no significant changes of maximal bite force after dry immersion. All postural parameters were significantly altered by dry immersion. There were however no significant differences in stabilometric data according to mandibular position. Moreover the masseter tonicity increased immediately after the end of dry immersion period. Dry immersion could be used as a valid model for studying the effects of microgravity on human subjects. However, 3 days appear insufficient in duration to evaluate the effects of weightlessness on maximal bite force. Our research suggests a link between postural disturbance after dry immersion and masseter tonicity.
Friends or relatives? Phylogenetics and species delimitation in the controversial European orchid genus Ophrys.

BACKGROUND AND AIMS Highly variable, yet possibly convergent, morphology and lack of sequence variation have severely hindered production of a robust phylogenetic framework for the genus Ophrys. The aim of this study is to produce this framework as a basis for more rigorous species delimitation and conservation recommendations. METHODS Nuclear and plastid DNA sequencing and amplified fragment length polymorphism (AFLP) were performed on 85 accessions of Ophrys, spanning the full range of species aggregates currently recognized. Data were analysed using a combination of parsimony and Bayesian tree-building techniques and by principal co-ordinates analysis. KEY RESULTS Complementary phylogenetic analyses and ordinations using nuclear, plastid and AFLP datasets identify ten genetically distinct groups (six robust) within the genus that may in turn be grouped into three sections (treated as subgenera by some authors). Additionally, genetic evidence is provided for a close relationship between the O. tenthredinifera, O. bombyliflora and O. speculum groups. The combination of these analytical techniques provides new insights into Ophrys systematics, notably recognition of the novel O. umbilicata group. CONCLUSIONS Heterogeneous copies of the nuclear ITS region show that some putative Ophrys species arose through hybridization rather than divergent speciation. The supposedly highly specific pseudocopulatory pollination syndrome of Ophrys is demonstrably 'leaky', suggesting that the genus has been substantially over-divided at the species level.
Modèles motivationnels et comportementaux de l'apathie : intérêts et limites Motivational and behavioural models of apathy: advantages and limits

SUMMARY ______________________________________ Apathy is a clinical entity defined as a lack of moti-vation implying a disruption of auto-activation,emotional-affective, and cognitive processes. Its mainneuroanatomic substrate originates from the ante-rior cingulate frontal striatal loop or “motivationalloop”. The lack of moral pain differentiates clinicallythis disease from depression but can also be one ofits symptoms. A study of apathy through significantage-related neurological impairments shows someanatomic-clinical specificities, that give it a majorplace, distinct from depression, as well as particu-larly strong links with the executive functions.However, the motivation concept that underliesapathy raises some issues, as it brings confusion withdepression and provides a behavioural interpreta-tion, yet evaluated through a strictly quantitativescale. Therefore, Levy and Dubois (2006) haveproposed a concept of apathy purely based on beha-viour processes related to the cognitive, motivationaland limbic frontal striatal loops. Even if the point ofthis concept is to gather a set of symptomatology,sometimes heterogeneous, and more or less linkedto apathy, it shows different problems. On the onehand, this concept modifies the nosological status ofapathy so it does not allow the comparison withother models. On the other hand, it proposes apurely quantitative so it does not consider causesthat may explain the decrease or stop of activities
Testing of data‐centric and event‐based dynamic service compositions

This paper addresses integration testing of data‐centric and event‐based dynamic service compositions. The compositions under test define abstract services that are replaced by concrete candidate services at runtime. Testing all possible instantiations of a composition leads to combinatorial explosion and is often infeasible. We consider data dependencies between services as potential points of failure and introduce the k‐node data flow test coverage metric, which helps to significantly reduce the number of test combinations. We formulate a combinatorial optimization problem for generating minimal sets of test cases. On the basis of this formalization, we present a mapping to the model of FoCuS, a coverage analysis tool. FoCuS efficiently computes near‐optimal solutions, which are used to automatically generate test instances. The proposed approach is applicable to various composition paradigms. We illustrate the end‐to‐end practicability based on an integrated scenario, which uses two diverse composition techniques: on the one hand, the Web Services Business Process Execution Language and on the other hand, WS‐Aggregation, a platform for event‐based service composition. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
An implementation framework of Globus Resource Management Model based on extended WS-Agreement

With the development of research and application of grid technology, QoS guarantee shortage has become the one of bottlenecks restrict the application of grid. At present, the QoS mechanism of Globus Resource Management Model(GRMM) is still not quite perfect. How to design and realize a framework of GRMM which supports dynamic QoS re-negotiation is the problem to be solved in this paper. In order to support renegotiation and modify the agreement terms during the service provision, the extension of WS-Agreement specification is proposed firstly. And then, we analyze the trait and shortage of the existing architecture of Globus Resource Management and put emphasis on the research of how to integrate the extended WS-Agreement framework into GRMM reasonably and smoothly, thereby to design a new GRMM framework supporting dynamic Qos renegotiation. At last, by realizing the key web services and components, it is proved that the extended framework can solve the problem proposed in this paper effectively.