Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Employer and employee concepts on disclosure of a Specific Learning Disability in the office environment

There has been limited research on the disclosing of Specific Learning Disabilities (SLD) in employment in the Irish context, how both employer and employee conceptualize SLD’s. This study explores the employer and employee perspectives of SLD. An online survey and semi-structured interviews were conducted with employers and employees, to explore their experiences of SLD disclosure. The Office environment across the private and public sectors. 61 participants across a range of organizations and service levels, 6 of which where taken forward to semi-structure interview. Participants were selected through a process of self-selection sampling, reflecting variations in terms of age, grade and tenure. Thematic analysis was conducted on the qualitative data from the survey and 6 semi-structured interviews, which then incorporated, limited quantitative data from the survey. Two overall themes emerged, Self-determination and Communication and Understanding. Self-determination included the sub-themes: previous responses to SLD; stigma; personal conception of SLD; perceived advantages and disadvantages and level of self-determination. Sub-themes under Communication and Understanding included: Timing; information needed by employers; legislation and policy; understanding the employee and support and accommodation. The findings suggest that both employers and employees conceptualize SLD as deriving from the Medical Model of disability, however they also view social solutions as imperative to alleviating any problems, which may arise from an SLD. Disclosure is seen as vital to both the accommodation of SLD’s from the employer perspective and to understanding and support from the employee perspective. Communication, timing and Self-determination are the underlying processes of SLD disclosure upon which the success of disclosure is bridged. There is limited knowledge of disclosure policies, disability legislation and of SLD definition.
Cut-Based Inductive Invariant Computation

This paper presents a new way of computing inductive invariants in sequential designs. The invariants are useful for strengthening inductive proofs in difficult unbounded model checking instances. The proposed computation is scalable and can flexibly trade computational effort for the expressiveness of invariants proved. Experimental results on several benchmark families show that the proposed strengthening proves many hard properties, unsolved by other model checkers. The implementation is publicly available in the synthesis and verification system ABC. Runtimes are reasonable: the hardest problem with 5K primary inputs, 3K registers, and 64K AIG nodes takes 6 minutes.
Hypervigilance‐avoidance in children with anxiety disorders: magnetoencephalographic evidence

BACKGROUND An altered pattern of threat processing is deemed critical for the development of anxiety disorders (AD). According to the hypervigilance-avoidance hypothesis, AD patients show hypervigilance to threat cues at early stages of processing but avoid threat cues at later stages of processing. Consistently, adults with AD show enhanced neurophysiological responses to threat in early time windows and reduced responses to threat in late time windows. The presence of such a hypervigilance-avoidance effect and its underlying neural sources remain to be determined in clinically anxious children. METHODS Twenty-three children diagnosed with an AD and 23 healthy control children aged 8-14 years saw faces with angry and neutral expressions while whole-head magnetoencephalography (MEG) was recorded. Neural sources were estimated based on L2-Minimum Norm inverse source modeling and analyzed in early, midlatency, and late time windows. RESULTS In visual cortical regions, early threat processing was relatively enhanced in patients compared to controls, whereas this relation was inverted in a late interval. Consistent with the idea of affective regulation, the right dorsolateral prefrontal cortex revealed relatively reduced inhibition of early threat processing but revealed enhanced inhibition at a late interval in patients. Both visual-sensory and prefrontal effects were correlated with individual trait anxiety. CONCLUSIONS These results support the hypothesis of early sensory hypervigilance followed by later avoidance of threat in anxiety disordered children, presumably modulated by early reduced and later enhanced prefrontal inhibition. This neuronal hypervigilance-avoidance pattern unfolds gradually with increasing trait anxiety, reflecting a progressively biased allocation of attention to threat.
Role of Genetics in Pediatric Inflammatory Bowel Disease

Abstract:Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), encompassing Crohn's disease (CD), ulcerative colitis (UC), and unclassified IBD, is characterized by chronic intestinal inflammation and has a multifactorial etiology with complex interactions between genetic and environmental factors. The genetics of IBD are believed to be common and complex with over 163 associated genetic loci. However, the genetic contribution of the majority of these common loci is small, and the effect sizes are low. Although childhood onset IBD represents only 10% to 25% of all IBD cases, in depth research into the genetic networks of pediatric IBD has revealed exciting new developments and unsuspected pathways. Recent pediatric studies have revealed an increasing spectrum of human monogenic diseases with high effect sizes or penetrance that can present with IBD or IBD-like intestinal inflammation. A substantial proportion of patients with these genetic defects present with very early onset of intestinal inflammation, with onset of IBD at less than 10 years of age. There is also considerable overlap with primary immunodeficiencies and very early onset IBD. This review summarizes the current understanding of the genetics of pediatric IBD with a focus on the very early onset population and discusses the promising results from the effort of finding missing heritability of IBD from studying pediatric population.
Therapeutic approaches for shankopathies

Despite recent advances in understanding the molecular mechanisms of autism spectrum disorders (ASD), the current treatments for these disorders are mostly focused on behavioral and educational approaches. The considerable clinical and molecular heterogeneity of ASD present a significant challenge to the development of an effective treatment targeting underlying molecular defects. Deficiency of SHANK family genes causing ASD represent an exciting opportunity for developing molecular therapies because of strong genetic evidence for SHANK as causative genes in ASD and the availability of a panel of Shank mutant mouse models. In this article, we review the literature suggesting the potential for developing therapies based on molecular characteristics and discuss several exciting themes that are emerging from studying Shank mutant mice at the molecular level and in terms of synaptic function. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Develop Neurobiol 74: 123–135, 2014
Recent results on the attribute based data model: a tutorial

Data base systems are intended to help in the storage and retrieval of information which is needed to make decisions in an organization. Senko [7] has stated that we should try to assure "(1) the efficient use of human resources in the design, implementation, and utilization of information systems, and (2) the efficient utilization of the physical mechanical resources of the systems themselves. "
Quinaprilat during cardioplegic arrest in the rabbit to prevent ischemia-reperfusion injury.

OBJECTIVES This study evaluated intracardiac angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibition as an adjuvant to cardioplegia and examined its effects on hemodynamic, metabolic, and ultrastructural postischemic outcomes. METHODS The experiments were performed with an isolated, erythrocyte-perfused, rabbit working-heart model. The hearts excised from 29 adult New Zealand White rabbits (2950 +/- 200 g) were randomly assigned to four groups. Two groups received quinaprilat (1 microg/mL), initiated either with cardioplegia (n = 7) or during reperfusion (n = 7). The third group received l-arginine (2 mmol/L) initiated with cardioplegia (n = 7). Eight hearts served as a control group. Forty minutes of preischemic perfusion were followed by 60 minutes of hypothermic arrest and 40 minutes of reperfusion. RESULTS All treatments substantially improved postischemic recovery of external heart work (62% +/- 6%, 69% +/- 3%, and 64% +/- 5% in quinaprilat during cardioplegia, quinaprilat during reperfusion, and l-arginine groups, respectively, vs 35% +/- 5% in control group, P <.001) with similarly increased external stroke work and cardiac output. When administered during ischemia, quinaprilat significantly improved recovery of coronary flow (70% +/- 8%, P =.028 vs quinaprilat during reperfusion [49% +/- 5%] and P =.023 vs control [48% +/- 6%]). l-Arginine (55% +/- 7%) showed no significant effect. Postischemic myocardial oxygen consumption remained low in treatment groups (4.6 +/- 1.2 mL. min(-1). 100 g(-1), 6.0 +/- 2.2 mL. min(-1). 100 g(-1), and 4.7 +/- 1.6 mL. min(-1). 100 g(-1) in quinaprilat during cardioplegia, quinaprilat during reperfusion, and l-arginine groups, respectively, vs 4.2 +/- 0.8 mL. min(-1). 100 g(-1) in control group), even though cardiac work was markedly increased. High-energy phosphates, which were consistently elevated in all treatment groups, showed a significant increase in adenosine triphosphate with quinaprilat during ischemia (2.24 +/- 0.14 micromol/g vs 1.81 +/- 0.12 micromol/g in control group, P =.040). Ultrastructural grading of mitochondrial damage revealed best preservation with quinaprilat during ischemia (100% [no damage], P =.001 vs control). CONCLUSION These experimental findings have clinical relevance regarding prevention of postoperative myocardial stunning and low coronary reflow in patients undergoing heart surgery.
Reperfusion Rates Following Intra-Arterial Thrombolysis for Acute Ischemic Stroke: The Influence of the Method for Alteplase Delivery

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Because alteplase does not penetrate thrombus effectively, this study examined whether a method thought to maximize surface distribution of alteplase on the offending thrombus during IATT would result in greater reperfusion rates in acute ischemic stroke. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Clinical information, arteriograms, and CT scans following treatment from 85 consecutive patients who underwent IATT by using alteplase within 6 hours of stroke symptom onset were reviewed. Alteplase was delivered through a microcatheter embedded within the thrombus at 1 mg per minute in all cases, and the delivery never exceeded 100 mg of alteplase. Patients who underwent microcatheter contrast injections confirming that alteplase surrounded the thrombus were compared with patients who did not. RESULTS: Greater than 50% vascular territory reperfusion occurred in 82.2% of patients who underwent IATT with the intention of optimizing alteplase delivery versus 30.0% in patients without this intention (P < .0001, Pearson correlation) with an odds ratio of 15.8 based on nominal regression analysis. Hemorrhagic complication rates between methods were similar. The mRS at 1–3 months, infarct volume, change in NIHSS score by 24 hours, and hospital discharge were positively affected by optimizing alteplase delivery. CONCLUSIONS: A method that intends to evenly distribute alteplase around a thrombus resulted in better reperfusion rates and clinical outcomes compared with methods without this intention. Other predictors positively influencing reperfusion included the presence of slow antegrade flow distal to the clot, earlier time to treatment, lower presenting NIHSS score, and proximal occlusion site.
Frequency of hepatitis C in asymptomatic patients in District Headquarters Hospital Kotli, Azad Kashmir.

BACKGROUND Hepatitis C is a common problem in developing world. It can affect a large number of asymptomatic people in whom it may cause serious complications in long run. Moreover, these asymptomatic infected people pose a serious risk for the transmission of infection to healthy population. Objective of this study was to estimate the frequency of Hepatitis C in asymptomatic adult patients attending medical OPD of District Headquarters Hospital Kotli, Azad Kashmir, and to assess the risk factors associated with its transmission. METHODS This was a cross-sectional study that included asymptomatic patients of both genders, aged 15-80 years, attending medical OPD of District Headquarter Hospital Kotli, Azad Kashmir from January to December, 2008. They attended the OPD for problems other than Hepatitis and most of them presented with vague complaints like generalised body aches, tiredness and dyspeptic symptoms. They were randomly tested for Hepatitis C virus (HCV) antibodies by Immunochromatographic kit method. Positive samples for Hepatitis C antibodies were confirmed by third generation ELISA. Those who were confirmed were assessed for the risk factors associated with HCV transmission. RESULTS The study included 9,564 patients. Out of them 4,230 (44.22%) were males and 5,334 (55.77%) were females. A total of 611 (6.38%) cases were positive for HCV; 257 (6.08%) were males, and 354 (6.64%) were females. Highest frequency (36%) was found between 21 and 30 years of age, and 60.54% positive patients were 21-40 years old. Blood transfusion was the most common (34.36%) risk factor followed by history of dental procedures (24.54%). In 27.16% no risk factor could be detected. CONCLUSION Frequency of Hepatitis C is quite high in our population. Rate is higher in young adults. It is needed to adopt organised preventive strategies to overcome this problem. Blood transfusion is still the most significant risk factor followed by dental and surgical procedures. Health related procedures are still not safe in our set up and need to be addressed.
Integrative Neuroscience Review Article Anatomical Pathways Involved in Generating and Sensing Rhythmic Whisker Movements

The rodent whisker system is widely used as a model system for investigating sensori-motor integration, neural mechanisms of complex cognitive tasks, neural development, and robotics. The whisker pathways to the barrel cortex have received considerable attention. However, many subcortical structures are paramount to the whisker system. They contribute to important processes, like filtering out salient features, integration with other senses, and adaptation of the whisker system to the general behavioral state of the animal. We present here an overview of the brain regions and their connections involved in the whisker system. We do not only describe the anatomy and functional roles of the cerebral cortex, but also those of subcortical structures like the striatum, superior colliculus, cere-bellum, pontomedullary reticular formation, zona incerta, and anterior pretectal nucleus as well as those of level setting systems like the cholinergic, histaminergic, serotonergic, and noradrenergic pathways. We conclude by discussing how these brain regions may affect each other and how they together may control the precise timing of whisker movements and coordinate whisker perception.
Current Concepts in Orthopedic Management of Multiple Trauma

Multiple trauma patients frequently present challenging clinical scenarios with musculoskeletal injuries being the most common indications for surgical procedures in these patients. Despite our substantial knowledge, a universally approved objective definition for “multiple trauma” is yet to be delineated. Several controversial aspects of economics, pathophysiology, animal models, diagnosis, management and outcome of patients with multiple trauma have recently been explored and although some progress has been made, it seems that the available evidence is still inconclusive in some occasions. This manuscript revisits several current concepts of multiple trauma that have been the focus of recent investigation. We aim to provide the reader with an updated perspective based on the most recently published literature in the field of multiple trauma.
Hydrophobin-Based Surface Engineering for Sensitive and Robust Quantification of Yeast Pheromones

Detection and quantification of small peptides, such as yeast pheromones, are often challenging. We developed a highly sensitive and robust affinity-assay for the quantification of the α-factor pheromone of Saccharomyces cerevisiae based on recombinant hydrophobins. These small, amphipathic proteins self-assemble into highly stable monolayers at hydrophilic-hydrophobic interfaces. Upon functionalization of solid supports with a combination of hydrophobins either lacking or exposing the α-factor, pheromone-specific antibodies were bound to the surface. Increasing concentrations of the pheromone competitively detached the antibodies, thus allowing for quantification of the pheromone. By adjusting the percentage of pheromone-exposing hydrophobins, the sensitivity of the assay could be precisely predefined. The assay proved to be highly robust against changes in sample matrix composition. Due to the high stability of hydrophobin layers, the functionalized surfaces could be repeatedly used without affecting the sensitivity. Furthermore, by using an inverse setup, the sensitivity was increased by three orders of magnitude, yielding a novel kind of biosensor for the yeast pheromone with the lowest limit of detection reported so far. This assay was applied to study the pheromone secretion of diverse yeast strains including a whole-cell biosensor strain of Schizosaccharomyces pombe modulating α-factor secretion in response to an environmental signal.
Coupled Magneto-Mechanical Analysis of Iron Sheets Under Biaxial Stress

A novel single sheet tester design is proposed and a directly coupled magneto-mechanical model is used to numerically analyze the behavior of iron sheets under biaxial magneto-mechanical loading applied by the tester device. magneto-mechanically coupled constitutive equations of the material derived using an energy-based approach are integrated into a finite element model of the single sheet tester device, and simulations are performed to solve for the displacement field and the magnetic vector potential in the sample. The obtained numerical results of magnetostriction evolution due to uniaxial stress and stress-induced anisotropies due to permeability variation under different magneto-mechanical loadings are presented. The simulation results are compared with the results published in the literature for the purpose of validation.
Cylindrical manifolds in phase space as mediators of chemical reaction dynamics and kinetics. I. Theory

A microcanonical kinetic theory of reactions based upon the structure within phase space is developed. It is shown that the dynamics of reaction across an energetic barrier is mediated by invariant manifolds embedded in phase space that have the geometry of simple cylinders. The ideas are developed by considering molecular systems modeled by two vibrational degrees of freedom, a reaction coordinate and a ‘‘bath’’ coordinate. The kinetic theory is constructed by focusing on the dynamics between n mapping planes (‘‘n‐map’’) and the ‘‘reactive island’’ (RI) structure within them. We discuss how the structure of the conformer population decay in isomerization reactions can be obtained from the RI kinetic model. Formal solutions of the kinetic equations are discussed with specific attention given towards the calculation of the isomerization reaction rate. The formal theory is developed in Paper I of this series. Numerical considerations and applications to the reaction dynamics of model molecular systems with .
Multi-resistant radar jamming using genetic algorithms

The next generation of advanced self-protection jammers is expected to deliver effective and energy efficient jamming against modern air tracking radars. However, optimizing such experimental jammers is a challenging task. In this paper the novelty and applicability of using genetic algorithms (GA) for developing advanced digital radio frequency memory jammer techniques against radars employing the constant false alarm rate detection algorithm are demonstrated. It is shown how GA can handle the large and complex solution space of the problem, finding a Pareto front in the problem domain of jammer transmitting power versus detectability, producing new jamming techniques and fresh insight into the complex radar-jammer dynamics. As a main result, it is demonstrated how GA is capable of producing effective multi-resistant jamming techniques. This is an important jamming property when operating against uncertain radar detection algorithms in real world scenarios. Furthermore, single- and multi-resistant jamming techniques are shown to handle noisy environments, and the important issue of jamming robustness against varying target radar cross section is addressed. The energy efficiency of GA jamming techniques is investigated by comparing the efficiency of more conventional noise jamming techniques.
Analyzing How Interest in Learning Programming Changes During a CS0 Course: A Qualitative Study with Brazilian Undergraduates

In this paper, we present the preliminary findings of a study proposed to understand how interest of novices in learning programming changed during a CS0 course. This in-depth qualitative study, based on a longitudinal design, was performed over four months. Observing the learning experience of ten Brazilian freshmen students, the authors could obtain a dynamic view about how their interest in learning programming changed and why changes occurred. Six trajectories of interest were identified and the factors that had influence on them. As an example, the sense of being completing same tasks again when working on similar problems as before but in more detail was revealed as an inhibitor aspect to develop their interest. The Four-Phase Model of Interest Development was used as a theoretical framework to identify these trajectories. Looking at interest under this perspective was important to better understand how novices engage with introductory computer science and what might nurture and inhibit their interest in learning this content. This knowledge is something that CS educators could take into account when planning instructional strategies, course material and tasks.