Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Optimal power allocation in linearly coded OFDMA relay networks

In this paper, a linearly coded (LC) relaying scheme is proposed for multiuser relay network in which a number of users communicate simultaneously with a common destination with the help of one relay node, by using orthogonal frequency division multiple access (OFDMA). The proposed linear coding at the relay node enables exploiting the frequency diversity in the relay-to-destination (R-to-D) link. Moreover, closed-form pairwise error probability (PEP) and asymptotically tight bit error rate (BER) for linearly coded orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (LC-OFDM) system are derived so that an accurate end-to-end (source to destination) BER expression can be obtained. Based on this accurate end-to-end BER expression, optimal power allocation strategy between source nodes and relay node is easily developed by convex optimization when the total transmit power is a constraint. Simulation results show that our optimal power allocation consumes only half the power of equal power allocation in high signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) region.
Temporal trends in childhood mortality in Ghana: impacts and challenges of health policies and programs

Background Following the adoption of the Millennium Development Goal 4 (MDG 4) in Ghana to reduce under-five mortality by two-thirds between 1990 and 2015, efforts were made towards its attainment. However, impacts and challenges of implemented intervention programs have not been examined to inform implementation of Sustainable Development Goal 3.2 (SDG 3.2) that seeks to end preventable deaths of newborns and children aged under-five. Thus, this study aimed to compare trends in neonatal, infant, and under-five mortality over two decades and to highlight the impacts and challenges of health policies and intervention programs implemented. Design Ghana Demographic and Health Survey data (1988–2008) were analyzed using trend analysis. Poisson regression analysis was applied to quantify the incidence rate ratio of the trends. Implemented health policies and intervention programs to reduce childhood mortality in Ghana were reviewed to identify their impact and challenges. Results Since 1988, the annual average rate of decline in neonatal, infant, and under-five mortality in Ghana was 0.6, 1.0, and 1.2%, respectively. From 1988 to 1989, neonatal, infant, and under-five mortality declined from 48 to 33 per 1,000, 72 to 58 per 1,000, and 108 to 83 per 1,000, respectively, whereas from 1989 to 2008, neonatal mortality increased by 2 per 1,000 while infant and under-five mortality further declined by 6 per 1,000 and 17 per 1,000, respectively. However, the observed declines were not statistically significant except for under-five mortality; thus, the proportion of infant and under-five mortality attributed to neonatal death has increased. Most intervention programs implemented to address childhood mortality seem not to have been implemented comprehensively. Conclusion Progress towards attaining MDG 4 in Ghana was below the targeted rate, particularly for neonatal mortality as most health policies and programs targeted infant and under-five mortality. Implementing neonatal-specific interventions and improving existing programs will be essential to attain SDG 3.2 in Ghana and beyond.
Pangea-LE : a non-invasive lightweight biomedical data integration engine

Motivation Healthcare is a very data-intensive sector, producing and consuming a great amount of biomedical information. In healthcare organizations, especially hospitals, the big amount of data gets increasingly obscure due to their decentralized organization which has allowed different departments to meet specific or local requirements. This has led to fragmented and heterogeneous data resources, so called islands of information, which contain biomedical data about patients. Access and aggregation of data across systems results very difficult. This situation has created a large gap between the potential and actual value of biomedical data stored in healthcare systems. In order to reduce that gap giving easy access to those amounts of hidden data, we present here an overview of the Pangea-LE system, emphasising its flexibility and quick organisation deployment process.
Formal Semantics of a Subset of the Paderborn's BSPlib

PUB (Paderborn University BSPLib) is a C library supporting the development of bulk-synchronous parallel (BSP) algorithms. The BSP model allows an estimation of the execution time, avoids deadlocks and indeterminism. This paper presents a formal operational semantics for a C+PUB subset language using the Coq proof assistant and a certified N-body computation as example of using this formal semantics .
Mitochondrial morphology and distribution in mammalian cells

Abstract It is now appreciated that mitochondria form tubular networks that adapt to the requirements of the cell by undergoing changes in their shape through fission and fusion. Proper mitochondrial distribution also appears to be required for ATP delivery and calcium regulation, and, in some cases, for cell development. While we now realise the great importance of mitochondria for the cell, we are only beginning to work out how these organelles undergo the drastic morphological changes that are essential for cellular function. Of the few known components involved in shaping mitochondria, some have been found to be essential to life and their gene mutations are linked to neurological disorders, while others appear to be recruited in the activation of cell death pathways. Here we review our current understanding of the functions of the main players involved in mitochondrial fission, fusion and distribution in mammalian cells.
Identity, causality and social cohesion

ABSTRACT According to the Identity Thesis, sharing an identity tends to promote social cohesion. The article focuses on two aspects of social cohesion, namely trust and solidarity. It distinguishes between different versions of the Identity Thesis that differ regarding the causal efficacy attributed to specific values and the sharing of values, and with respect to the value sets that may be fed into the thesis (relying on work in political theory on nationalism, liberalism and multiculturalism). Having established the existence of different versions of the thesis, four different accounts of why shared identities could be expected to promote social cohesion are considered and assessed.
Low Power Gbit / sec Low Voltage Differential Signaling I / O System

The effects that I/O circuits have on the overall system performance are becoming more and more pronounced nowadays, as many digital processors reached GHz frequency range while I/O operates only up to MHz range. Extensive studies have been done on I/O signal processing and multi-clocking schemes to increase number of bits per Hz of transmission. In this paper, a circuit level approach to this problem is presented, in particular a low voltage differential signaling (LVDS) interface circuitry is investigated. Simulations have shown 3.0Gbit/sec transmission rate is achieved in a 0. 18μm technology while transmitter and receiver dissipate less than 20mW and 25mW power respectively.
Empirisk analyse af kollektiv handling: Nobelprisen i økonomi 2009 til Elinor Ostrom

This article provides an introduction to the work of Elinor Ostrom, focusing on those parts of her research for which she awarded the Nobel Prize in Economics in 2009. Ostrom received the Nobel Prize mainly for her analyses of how groups of individuals organize and develop institutions to handle collective action problems. Ostrom also identi es a set of conditions that a ect the likelihood that individuals successfully solve collective action problems. In this way, Ostrom provides a major contribution to the study of collective action in the social sciences.
Working Paper 9603 DEMOGRAPHIC CHANGE , GENERATIONAL ACCOUNTS , AND NATIONAL SAVING IN THE UNITED STATES by Jagadeesh

The recently developed method of generational accounting facilitates detailed measurement of fiscal policys impact on the intergenerational distribution of resources. Earlier studies for the United States, using the Social Security Administrations intermediate population projections, concluded that current U.S. fiscal policy embodies a significant generational imbalance. This paper examines the sensitivity of that imbalance to alternative population projections. In addition, following a framework for data organization suggested by the life-cycle hypothesis of consumer behavior, it analyzes the impact of the ongoing and projected demographic transition on national saving. The paper finds that the conclusion of imbalance is robust over a wide range of U.S. population projections involving alternative assumptions about fertility, mortality, and immigration. It also finds that the ongoing demographic transition may have contributed significantly to the decline in national saving during the 1980s. However, projected changes in the populations age structure are not expected to generate a rebound in national saving.
2-Sliding Mode Trajectory Tracking Control and EKF Estimation for Quadrotors

This paper addresses the trajectory tracking problem for a quadrotor affected by external perturbations and inaccurate measures. A control strategy is proposed using time scale separation of the translational and rotational dynamics. A second order sliding mode controller is developed for the translational dynamic in order to deal with external perturbations while avoiding the undesired chattering effect. The rotational dynamics are controlled by a linear PD control. A data fusion algorithm using the Extended Kalman Filter (EKF) is proposed to estimate the position and velocity of the quadrotor, taking into account information from multiple commonly used sensors such as an Inertial Measurement Unit (IMU), vision systems and Global Positioning Systems (GPS). Simulations are carried out to test the proposed observer-controller scheme while introducing perturbations and inaccurate measures common in non expensive sensors.
SERIOL Reading

In recent years, there has been a growing interest in the issue of orthographic processing in visual word recognition. We compare the SERIOL model to parallel models in their ability to explain experimental data at the lexical and sub-lexical levels. We find that the parallel models have difficulty accounting for position-independent letter priming, letter perceptibility patterns, and temporal effects.
Adaptive two-channel automatic gain control system

A new method is proposed for enhancing the performance of automatic gain control systems coupled with analog-to-digital converters (ADCs). This approach is focused on increasing the dynamic range of software-defined radios in applications where high data rates and low-power requirements make increasing ADC resolution impractical. This novel approach utilizes two input channels in order to aggressively enhance sensitivity while remaining responsive to rapid changes in input signal power. For modest rates of input power change, signal- to error-power ratios (SER) can be enhanced by 6 dB or more. A methodology for selecting control parameters, algorithms for adjusting to input characteristics in real time, and results from a functional prototype are discussed
Overview of the chemical compound and drug name recognition ( CHEMDNER ) task

There is an increasing need to facilitate automated access to information relevant for chemical compounds and drugs described in text, including scientific articles, patents or health agency reports. A number of recent efforts have implemented natural language processing (NLP) and text mining technologies for the chemical domain (ChemNLP or chemical text mining). Due to the lack of manually labeled Gold Standard datasets together with comprehensive annotation guidelines, both the implementation as well as the comparative assessment of ChemNLP technologies BSF opaque. Two key components for most chemical text mining technologies are the indexing of documents with chemicals (chemical document indexing CDI ) and finding the mentions of chemicals in text (chemical entity mention recognition CEM ). These two tasks formed part of the chemical compound and drug named entity recognition (CHEMDNER) task introduced at the fourth BioCreative challenge, a community effort to evaluate biomedical text mining applications. For this task, the CHEMDNER text corpus was constructed, consisting of 10,000 abstracts containing a total of 84,355 mentions of chemical compounds and drugs that have been manually labeled by domain experts following specific annotation guidelines. This corpus covers representative abstracts from major chemistry-related sub-disciplines such as medicinal chemistry, biochemistry, organic chemistry and toxicology. A total of 27 teams – 23 academic and 4 commercial HSPVQT, comprised of 87 researchers – submitted results for this task. Of these teams, 26 provided submissions for the CEM subtask and 23 for the CDI subtask. Teams were provided with the manual annotations of 7,000 abstracts to implement and train their systems and then had to return predictions for the 3,000 test set abstracts during a short period of time. When comparing exact matches of the automated results against the manually labeled Gold Standard annotations, the best teams reached an F-score ⋆ Corresponding author Proceedings of the fourth BioCreative challenge evaluation workshop, vol. 2 of 87.39% JO the CEM task and of 88.20% JO the CDI task. This can be regarded as a very competitive result when compared to the expected upper boundary, the agreement between to human annotators, at 91%. In general, the technologies used to detect chemicals and drugs by the teams included machine learning methods (particularly CRFs using a considerable range of different features), interaction of chemistry-related lexical resources and manual rules (e.g., to cover abbreviations, chemical formula or chemical identifiers). By promoting the availability of the software of the participating systems as well as through the release of the CHEMDNER corpus to enable implementation of new tools, this work fosters the development of text mining applications like the automatic extraction of biochemical reactions, toxicological properties of compounds, or the detection of associations between genes or mutations BOE drugs in the context pharmacogenomics.
Primitive component architecture description language

In this paper, we introduce an architecture description language (ADL) for PCOMs (a context oriented component model). The language is described at three levels: (1) Building blocks (PCOMs context oriented components types) (2) Connectors, which connect components externally and internally, and (3) Architectural Configuration, which includes a full description of composition and decomposition mechanisms. The contribution is designing ADL. That supports context-orinted component by providing new architecture elements, which fulfil the requirements of designing context oriented component based applications. Context oriented component is a behavioural unit composed of static parts and dynamic parts. A PCOMs component model design was introduced in our previous work. PCOMs proposes a component model design to compose context-aware system by capturing context condition at runtime. The model is a component-based one that modifies the application architecture by subdividing components into subsystems of static and dynamic elements. We map each context condition to a composable template architectural configuration. Each context condition acts to select behavioural patterns, which combine to form application architectures. Different types of architecture elements are proposed in this work. We focus in defining the following new elements: Components' dynamic and static parts, components' layers, decision policies, and composition plan. Finally we introduce an ADL that fully supports context aware applications, by supporting the definition of a component as a unit of behaviour. Our ADL clearly defines the composition mechanisms, and provides proper definition for the composition's design Patterns and composition plan. The composition plan is recursively describes the composite components, and the connection between them by describing several design Patterns. A design Pattern typically, shows the relationships and the interactions between components' dynamic behaviour parts.
Latitudinal Variations in Seasonal Activity of Influenza and Respiratory Syncytial Virus (RSV): A Global Comparative Review

Background There is limited information on influenza and respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) seasonal patterns in tropical areas, although there is renewed interest in understanding the seasonal drivers of respiratory viruses. Methods We review geographic variations in seasonality of laboratory-confirmed influenza and RSV epidemics in 137 global locations based on literature review and electronic sources. We assessed peak timing and epidemic duration and explored their association with geography and study settings. We fitted time series model to weekly national data available from the WHO influenza surveillance system (FluNet) to further characterize seasonal parameters. Results Influenza and RSV activity consistently peaked during winter months in temperate locales, while there was greater diversity in the tropics. Several temperate locations experienced semi-annual influenza activity with peaks occurring in winter and summer. Semi-annual activity was relatively common in tropical areas of Southeast Asia for both viruses. Biennial cycles of RSV activity were identified in Northern Europe. Both viruses exhibited weak latitudinal gradients in the timing of epidemics by hemisphere, with peak timing occurring later in the calendar year with increasing latitude (P<0.03). Time series model applied to influenza data from 85 countries confirmed the presence of latitudinal gradients in timing, duration, seasonal amplitude, and between-year variability of epidemics. Overall, 80% of tropical locations experienced distinct RSV seasons lasting 6 months or less, while the percentage was 50% for influenza. Conclusion Our review combining literature and electronic data sources suggests that a large fraction of tropical locations experience focused seasons of respiratory virus activity in individual years. Information on seasonal patterns remains limited in large undersampled regions, included Africa and Central America. Future studies should attempt to link the observed latitudinal gradients in seasonality of viral epidemics with climatic and population factors, and explore regional differences in disease transmission dynamics and attack rates.
Fibrosis in Atrial Fibrillation – Role of Reactive Species and MPO

Atrial fibrosis with enhanced turnover and deposition of matrix proteins leads to inhomogeneous atrial electrical conduction and gives rise to electrical reentry circuits resulting in atrial fibrillation. The multifactorial pathogenesis of atrial fibrosis involves resident cardiac cells as well as infiltrating leukocytes, both generating and sequestering matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs), a key enzyme family involved in fibrosis. A growing body of evidence points toward an important role of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in the release and activation of pro-MMPs and the stimulation of pro-fibrotic cascades. Myeloperoxidase (MPO), a bactericidal enzyme released from activated polymorphonuclear neutrophils (PMN) is not only associated with a variety of cardiovascular diseases, but has also been shown to be mechanistically linked to atrial fibrosis and fibrillation. MPO catalyzes the generation of reactive species like hypochlorous acid, which affect intracellular signaling cascades in various cells and advance activation of pro-MMPs and deposition of atrial collagen resulting in atrial arrhythmias. Thus, inflammatory mechanisms effectively promote atrial structural remodeling and importantly contribute to the initiation and perpetuation of atrial fibrillation.
Representative Proteomes: A Stable, Scalable and Unbiased Proteome Set for Sequence Analysis and Functional Annotation

The accelerating growth in the number of protein sequences taxes both the computational and manual resources needed to analyze them. One approach to dealing with this problem is to minimize the number of proteins subjected to such analysis in a way that minimizes loss of information. To this end we have developed a set of Representative Proteomes (RPs), each selected from a Representative Proteome Group (RPG) containing similar proteomes calculated based on co-membership in UniRef50 clusters. A Representative Proteome is the proteome that can best represent all the proteomes in its group in terms of the majority of the sequence space and information. RPs at 75%, 55%, 35% and 15% co-membership threshold (CMT) are provided to allow users to decrease or increase the granularity of the sequence space based on their requirements. We find that a CMT of 55% (RP55) most closely follows standard taxonomic classifications. Further analysis of this set reveals that sequence space is reduced by more than 80% relative to UniProtKB, while retaining both sequence diversity (over 95% of InterPro domains) and annotation information (93% of experimentally characterized proteins). All sets can be browsed and are available for sequence similarity searches and download at http://www.proteininformationresource. org/rps, while the set of 637 RPs determined using a 55% CMT are also available for text searches. Potential applications include sequence similarity searches, protein classification and targeted protein annotation and characterization.