Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The influence of corporate headquarters on leadership styles in Japanese and US subsidiary companies

Uses a questionnaire survey sent to CEOs of US and Japanese subsidiaries located in North America to assess the amount of influence exerted on such companies by corporate headquarters and the effect of this influence on leadership styles of subsidiary management. US subsidiaries are found to be insignificantly influenced by their parent companies and to practise a professional style of leadership. However, Japanese subsidiaries are found to be significantly influenced by overseas parent companies and to practise a corporate style of leadership (when the CEO is Japan‐educated) and a professional style of leadership (when the CEO is US‐educated). These findings reinforce the perceived link between leadership style and cultural upbringing and education.
Differential Role of Adipose Tissues in Obesity and Related Metabolic and Vascular Complications

This review focuses on the contribution of white, brown, and perivascular adipose tissues to the pathophysiology of obesity and its associated metabolic and vascular complications. Weight gain in obesity generates excess of fat, usually visceral fat, and activates the inflammatory response in the adipocytes and then in other tissues such as liver. Therefore, low systemic inflammation responsible for insulin resistance contributes to atherosclerotic process. Furthermore, an inverse relationship between body mass index and brown adipose tissue activity has been described. For these reasons, in recent years, in order to combat obesity and its related complications, as a complement to conventional treatments, a new insight is focusing on the role of the thermogenic function of brown and perivascular adipose tissues as a promising therapy in humans. These lines of knowledge are focused on the design of new drugs, or other approaches, in order to increase the mass and/or activity of brown adipose tissue or the browning process of beige cells from white adipose tissue. These new treatments may contribute not only to reduce obesity but also to prevent highly prevalent complications such as type 2 diabetes and other vascular alterations, such as hypertension or atherosclerosis.
Non-alcoholic fatty liver diseases: update on the challenge of diagnosis and treatment

The prevalence of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is estimated to be 25-30% of the population, and is the most common cause of elevated liver enzymes in Korea. NAFLD is a “hot potato” for pharmaceutical companies. Many clinical trials are underway to develop a first-in-class drug to treat NAFLD. However, there are several challenging issues regarding the diagnosis of NAFLD. Currently, liver biopsy is the gold standard method for the diagnosis of NAFLD and steatohepatitis. Ideally, globally recognized standards for histological diagnosis and methods to optimize observer agreement on biopsy interpretation should be developed. Liver biopsy is the best method rather than a perfect one. Recently, multi-parametric magnetic resonance imagery can estimate the amount of intrahepatic fat successfully and is widely used in clinical trials. But no diagnostic method can discriminate between steatohepatitis and simple steatosis. The other unresolved issue in regard to NAFLD is the absence of satisfactory treatment options. Vitamin E and obeticholic acid have shown protective effects in randomized controlled trials, but this drug has not been approved for use in Korea. This study will provide a description of diagnostic methods and treatments that are currently recommended for NAFLD.
The Potential of Historical Institutionalism: A Response to Hay and Wincott

Hay and Wincott raise an interesting question: can historical institutionalism develop a distinctive social ontology with insights into the structure-agency problem that transcend those found in rational choice or sociological variants of the `new institutionalism'? We take up this question but address ®rst several issues they pose along the way. To begin with, the issue of whether historical institutionalism has the potential to develop a novel approach to the structure-agency problem should be distinguished from the issue of whether historical institutionalism can already be said to have accomplished this task. On this point, we stand by the observation in our original essay that most work in historical institutionalism uses both the `calculus' and `cultural' approaches, creating something of an amalgam but not one that represents a fully-realized alternative to either of these approaches. Indeed, compared to these other schools of thought, historical institutionalists have devoted more attention to explaining macro-political outcomes than to developing the micro-logic that links institutional structures to action; and, on our reading, Hay and Wincott do not really challenge this contention. They do, however, criticize rational choice and sociological institutionalism for being overly structuralist, a ̄aw they expect historical institutionalism to overcome. In our view, this underestimates these schools of thought. Both contain many lines of analysis that grant actors a substantial role in the production and reproduction of institutional structures. Rational choice institutionalism, for instance, acknowledges a `folk theorem' which speci®es that, in a repeated game with more than two players, there is likely to be more than one equilibrium on which the actors can converge ± which means that the outcome often cannot be read directly from the structure of the game. Moreover,
PROJECTIVE CLONE HOMOMORPHISMS

Abstract It is known that a countable $\omega $ -categorical structure interprets all finite structures primitively positively if and only if its polymorphism clone maps to the clone of projections on a two-element set via a continuous clone homomorphism. We investigate the relationship between the existence of a clone homomorphism to the projection clone, and the existence of such a homomorphism which is continuous and thus meets the above criterion.
The Effect of Perceived Parental Abuse and Neglect and Peer Attachment on School Life Adjustment according to Children's Gender

The purpose of this study was to analyze the effect of perceived parental neglect and abuse and peer attachment on school life adjustment according to children`s gender. A total of 2,264 5th graders from the second Korea Child-Adolescent Panel Survey participated. The results were as follows: First, the boys had higher parental neglect and abuse scores than the girls, while the girls had higher peer attachment scores and higher school life adjustment scores than the boys. Second, every sub-element of school life adjustment was significantly negatively correlated with parental neglect and abuse regardless of the children`s gender. Every sub-element of school life adjustment was significantly positively correlated with the ``communication`` and ``trust`` sub-elements of peer attachment regardless of the children`s gender. In the case of the boys, the ``study activity`` and ``peer relation`` sub-elements of school life adjustment were significantly negatively correlated with the ``alienation`` sub-element of peer attachment. For the girls, every sub-element of school life adjustment was significantly negatively correlated with the alienation sub-element of peer attachment. Finally, the factors of ``parental neglect and abuse,`` and the peer attachment sub-elements of ``communication,`` and ``trust`` significantly predicted the boys`` school life adjustment, while for girls, the significant predictors were ``parental neglect and abuse,`` ``communication,`` ``trust,`` and ``alienation. ``
Prognostic implications of non-culprit plaques in acute coronary syndrome: non-invasive assessment with coronary CT angiography.

AIMS Non-culprit plaques are responsible for a substantial number of future events in patients with acute coronary syndrome (ACS). In this study, we evaluated the prognostic implications of non-culprit plaques seen on coronary computed tomography angiography (CTA) in patients with ACS. METHODS AND RESULTS Coronary CTA was performed in 169 patients (mean 59 ± 11 years, 129 males) admitted with ACS. Data sets were assessed for the presence of obstructive non-culprit plaques (>50% luminal narrowing), segment involvement score, and quantitative measures of plaque burden, after censoring initial culprit plaques. Follow-up was performed for the occurrence of major adverse cardiovascular events (MACEs) unrelated to the initial culprit plaque; cardiac death, second ACS, or coronary revascularization after 90 days. After a median follow-up of 4.8 (IQR 2.6-6.6) years, MACE occurred in 36 (24%) patients: 6 cardiac deaths, 16 second ACS, and 14 coronary revascularizations. Dyslipidaemia (hazard ratio [HR] 3.1 [95% confidence interval 1.5-6.6]) and diabetes mellitus (HR 4.8 [2.3-10.3]) were univariable clinical predictors of MACE. Patients with remaining obstructive non-culprit plaques (HR 3.66 [1.52-8.80]) and higher plaque burden index (HR 1.22 [1.01-1.48]) had a more risk of MACE. In multivariate analysis, with diabetes, dyslipidaemia, and plaque burden index, obstructive non-culprit plaques (HR 3.76 [1.28-11.09]) remained an independent predictor of MACE. CONCLUSION Almost a quarter of the study population experienced a new event arising from a non-culprit plaque during a follow-up of almost 5 years. ACS patients with remaining obstructive non-culprit plaques or high plaque burden have an increased risk of future MACE.
Desistance from Crime and Explanatory Style

Research on offender verbalizations traditionally focuses on the degree to which offenders accept responsibility (or blame) for their mistakes. This small study expands this cognitive perspective in criminology by incorporating basic findings from the psychological literature on attributions. Additionally, offender attributions or neutralizations are framed within a life course perspective. It was found that active offenders and desisting ex-offenders differ in terms of explanatory style. Compared to desisting ex-offenders, active offenders tend to interpret negative events in their lives as being the product of internal, stable, and global forces. On the other hand, active offenders were more likely to believe that the good events in their lives were the product of external, unstable and specific causes. These other dimensions of offender cognitions may be useful in understanding the psychological aspects of desistance from crime.
The miracle baby : curriculum change and primary English : An Australian case study

The chequered history of the development of the primary English syllabus in the Australian state of New South Wales, which was released to schools in 1994, suggests that current theoretical assumptions about curriculum change may need further interrogation. Throughout its long period of gestation every 'rule' for successful curriculum development and implementation was either ignored, broken or rendered unattainable due to particular circumstances. T he syllabus gained a degree of notoriety in the Australian context in that it acknowledged a controversial theoretical underpinning- a functional view of language- and was the first syllabus to incorporate national outcomes. T his paper argues that many of the conditions advocated in current educational theory relating to curriculum change are unrealistic in the present political and economic climate and that the politicization of education, the role of the media, as well as subject-specific factors, deserve more attention as significant forces in curriculum .
Optimizing Resource Utilization of a Data Center

To provision IT solutions with reduced operating expenses, many businesses are moving their IT infrastructures into public data centers or are starting to build their own private data centers. Data centers can provide flexible resource provisioning in order to accommodate the workload demand. In this paper, we present a comprehensive survey of most relevant research activities on resource management of data centers that aim to optimize the resource utilization. We first describe the resource overprovisioning problem in current data centers. Then, we summarize two important components in the resource management platform and present the benefit of accurately predicting the workload in resource management. Afterwards, we classify existing resource management in a data center into three categories: 1) virtual machine-based, 2) physical machine-based, and 3) application-based resource management mechanisms. We discuss the performance degradation for implementing these three kinds of resource management in a heterogeneous data center. Finally, we present three important issues arose in the data center resource management and some potential approaches to address the issues. This paper presents a timely survey on resource management in a data center, and provides a comprehensive reference for further research in this field.
The Interstices of Globalization: The Example of Fair Coffee

This paper analyses the process of globalization of agriculture and food. Its aim is to demonstrate that, inside of the homogeneous mainstream tendencies of this process dominated by transnational interests, interstices appear that open the way for small producers and middlemen developing certain products on the basis of specific qualities. Those interstices are made possible by the emergence of new patterns of consumption based on new socially shared values. The paper illustrates the argumentation with the case of the fair trade coffee network, which links producers from the ‘South’ with consumers in the ‘North’ around the values of solidarity and fairness. Because the network introduces the fair trade coffee into the large marketing channels in some European countries, it is built on the convergence of various interests among the agents involved in the filiere. The paper analyses the ambivalence of the strategy that responds to market logic although it is also based on ethical principles. It finally raises questions about strategies based on specific qualities in the post-Fordist era.
Contexto esportivo e as restrições comportamentais: reflexões a luz da psicologia bioecológica

To deal with restrictions takes in them to a boarding that has been studied as perspective theoretician to understand as the practitioners acquire standards of coordination in the chosen sports (ARAUJO, 2005). It is basic for the training that if has a knowledge concerning the restrictions more significant than they act on the human performance of the athletes, because this will make possible one adequate recital in the work proposal of the team staff. The question of the theory application, in the world of the sport, is a tool has very desired and pursued, however, nor always if they apply the theoretical knowledge in experimental research that promotes enough and important alterations, that can favor the real additions to Sport Sciences. This study it is an attempt to collaborate in this intention, in way to locate and to modify beginning usual routines between experts and of the sports, in special to the considered situation sports, as the Volleyball (IVOILOV, 2001). This objective is not fixed only in the relative questions to the teach-learning processes, nor so little to the sportive training, but it advances, also, for the instructions given for the coaches to commanded its, at moments any of the sportive trajectory of these; it innovates when searching to exemplify, directly, in a modality of international domain but with few systematic analyses on the human performances in question.
The Seven Tenets of Scalable Data Unification

• Ingesting data, typically from operational data systems in the enterprise. • Performing data cleaning, e.g., -99 is often a code for “null,” and/or some data sources might have obsolete addresses for customers. • Performing transformations, e.g., euros to dollars or airport code to city_name. • Performing schema integration, e.g., “salary” in one systems is “wages” in another. • Performing deduplication (entity consolidation), e.g., I am “Mike Stonebraker” in one data source and “M. R. Stonebraker” in another. • Performing classification or other complex analytics, e.g., classifying spend transactions to discover where an enterprise is spending money. This requires data unification for spend data, followed by a complex analysis on the result. • Exporting unified data to one or more downstream systems.
IS Project Success from Practitioner's Perspective: Evidences from India

The success of Information Systems (IS) projects is of great relevance in IS research and practice. However, scholars barely agree on a single definition and measure of success. In order to gain further insights on IS project success, we investigate how IS project success is defined in practice. We use multivariate data analysis techniques in order to arrive at characterization of IS project success from user's perspective in Indian context. The results based on 183 survey responses indicate a four dimensional representation of IS project success construct viz. Relationship management, project management, scope & schedule, and budget. The results have important theoretical and practical implications for designing project management strategies so that the project is able to achieve the desired outcome.
External Sorting on a Parallel Interleaved File System

Parallel computers with non-parallel file systems find limited by the performance of the processor running the file system. We have designed and implemented a parallel file system called Bridge that eliminates this problem by spreading both data and file system computation over a large number of processors and disks. To assess the effectiveness of Bridge we have used it as the basis of a parallel external merge sort, an application requiring significant amounts of interprocessor communication and data movement. A detailed analysis of this application indicates that Bridge can profitably be used on configurations in excess of one hundred processors with disks. Empirical results on a 32-processor implementation agree closely with the analysis, providing us with a high degree of confidence in this prediction. Based on our experience, we argue that file systems such as Bridge will satisfy the 1/0 needs of a wide range of parallel architectures and applications.
Counting distinct objects over sliding windows

Aggregation against distinct objects has been involved in many real applications with the presence of duplicates, including real-time monitoring moving objects. In this paper, we investigate the problem of counting distinct objects over sliding windows with arbitrary lengths. We present novel, time and space efficient, one scan algorithms to continuously maintain a sketch so that the counting can be approximately conducted with a relative error guarantee e in the presence of object duplicates. Efficient query algorithms have also been developed by effectively utilizing the skyband property. Moreover, the proposed techniques may be immediately applied to the range counting aggregation and heavy hitter problem against distinct elements. A comprehensive performance study demonstrates that our algorithms can support real-time computation against high speed data streams.
Socioeconomic Predictors of Cognition in Ugandan Children: Implications for Community Interventions

Background Several interventions to improve cognition in at risk children have been suggested. Identification of key variables predicting cognition is necessary to guide these interventions. This study was conducted to identify these variables in Ugandan children and guide such interventions. Methods A cohort of 89 healthy children (45 females) aged 5 to 12 years old were followed over 24 months and had cognitive tests measuring visual spatial processing, memory, attention and spatial learning administered at baseline, 6 months and 24 months. Nutritional status, child's educational level, maternal education, socioeconomic status and quality of the home environment were also measured at baseline. A multivariate, longitudinal model was then used to identify predictors of cognition over the 24 months. Results A higher child's education level was associated with better memory (p = 0.03), attention (p = 0.005) and spatial learning scores over the 24 months (p = 0.05); higher nutrition scores predicted better visual spatial processing (p = 0.002) and spatial learning scores (p = 0.008); and a higher home environment score predicted a better memory score (p = 0.03). Conclusion Cognition in Ugandan children is predicted by child's education, nutritional status and the home environment. Community interventions to improve cognition may be effective if they target multiple socioeconomic variables.
Automated methods for surveillance of surgical site infections.

Automated data, especially from pharmacy and administrative claims, are available for much of the U.S. population and might substantially improve both inpatient and postdischarge surveillance for surgical site infections complicating selected procedures, while reducing the resources required. Potential improvements include better sensitivity, less susceptibility to interobserver variation, more uniform availability of data, more precise estimates of infection rates, and better adjustment for patients' coexisting illness.
Relationship Theory in the Nursery: Attachment and beyond

Contemporary approaches to early childhood education widely acknowledge that young children's relationships with others play a fundamental role in their learning and development. This article explores the construct of relationships within the context of early childhood infant programmes through an examination of the contribution and applicability of attachment theory to current understandings of the nature and consequences of young children's relationships in these settings. A review of the sociocultural context of relationships, the infants' role in relationship formation, and the nature of peer relationships leads to the proposal that practitioners, policy makers, and researchers need to adopt a wider, more dynamic approach to relationships that includes, but extends beyond, that afforded by attachment theory alone.
Social Stigma, HIV/AIDS Knowledge, and Sexual Risk1

A cross-sectional study of 481 sexually active, heterosexual late adolescents showed that: (a) heterosexual people may be distancing themselves from HIV/AIDS because of its association with the gay community while also engaging in greater behavioral risk for HIV/AIDS; and (b) the ways a person comes to know about HIV/AIDS (perceived knowl­ edge, passive classroom learning, media influence, and knowing people with HIV/AIDS) can be related to sexual risk behavior through the operation of two mediating variables, condom self-efficacy and perceived HIV/AIDS risk. The variables studied are closely linked with Stage 1 factors in the AIDS Risk Reduction Model. Implications for understanding how stigmatizing can affect behavior are discussed, as well as implications for education in HIV/AIDS related issues. Since 1990, the total number of United States AIDS cases among homosexu­ als has been leveling off, indicating that this population has been effective to some extent in changing risk behavior. Trends in United States AIDS incidence rates, however, indicate that the number of cases diagnosed as a result of hetero­ sexual transmission is increasing (Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 1997), and projections indicate that this trend will continue. This continued increase in heterosexual transmission indicates that heterosexuals, as a group, are not responding to current interventions and education about risk behavior change. It has been suggested that the identification of AIDS with persons and groups already stigmatized prior to the epidemic (i.e., homosexuals) increases hostility toward the disease and people with the disease (Caldwell, 1991; Herek & Cogan, 1995; Herek & Glunt, 1988; Kadushin, 1996; Ross & Rosser, 1996). Although the total number of persons with AIDS (PWAs) who are under age 20 is relatively small, this is misleading because of the long incubation period for