Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Comparisons of adaptive fault‐tolerant insensitive control methods for a class of linear systems

In this paper, the problem of fault‐tolerant insensitive control is addressed for a class of linear time‐invariant continuous‐time systems against bounded time‐varying actuator faults and controller gain variations. Adaptive mechanisms are developed to adjust controller gains in order to compensate for the detrimental effects of partial loss of control effectiveness and bias‐actuator faults. Variations of controller gains arise from time‐varying and bounded perturbations that are supposed to always exist in adaptive mechanisms. Based on the disturbed outputs of adaptive mechanisms, three different adaptive control strategies are constructed to achieve bounded stability results of the closed‐loop adaptive fault‐tolerant control systems in the presence of actuator faults and controller gain variations. Furthermore, comparisons of convergence boundaries of states and limits of control inputs among adaptive strategies are developed in this paper. The efficiency of the proposed adaptive control strategies and their comparisons are demonstrated by a rocket fairing structural‐acoustic model.
3D Air Shower Simulations Using CONEX in CORSIKA

Interpretation of EAS measurements strongly depends on detailed air shower simulations. The reliability of these simulations is limited by our current knowledge and modeling of hadronic multiparticle production. Another severe limitation, though of technical nature, is the calculation time of Monte Carlo programs at very high energy. In this contribution we will present improvements implemented in the latest versions of the shower simulation codes CORSIKA and CONEX, addressing these limitations.
Experimental control of a flexible link by the method of Controlled Lagrangian

The Controlled Lagrangian method is a branch of energy shaping methods that is designed to control underactuated mechanical systems. The method employs the mechanical energy (kinetic energy plus potential energy) of an artificial Lagrangian system, that generates similar equations of motion to the original underactuated system, as the Lyapunov function. This paper presents an application of the Controlled Lagrangian method to control an underactuated flexible link, and the results of a theoretical study through simulations confirmed by the results from an experimental setup. It is shown that the method’s performance is acceptable from a practical point of view as well as theoretical perspective. The simulations and the experimental results are presented in the sequel tovalidate the theoretical studies. The effect of changing controller gains on the designed controller performance is studied in more detail under the terms of the system’s mechanical energy. Moreover, gain tuning is also performed to attain high quality performance in the experimental study by the aid of their influence in the system’s nergy.Comparison of the proposed method with the partial feedback linearization method shows the degree of robustness of the proposed method. The simplicity of the gain tuning shows that the method can be implemented conveniently to control mechanical systems
Rice Price Differentials in Rural Markets of Edo State, Nigeria

The dispersion in price of rice across different markets in exclusive location, and the astronomic annual increase of 30% in the past 7-8 years in Edo state cannot be attributed mainly to transport costs. Consequently, the study examined spatial price variation of rice vis-à-vis beans, garri, and palm oil as typically consumed substitutes/complements food commodities from a segment of 286 food commodity marketers in Ovia North-East Local Government Area (LGA) of Edo state, Nigeria using the spatial lag model of price-cost of transport data set. The outcomes of the descriptive data showed that the price of 1Kg rice under random test became N1576.82. The consequences of Moran's I (3.652) and Lagrange multiplier exams (10.753) for spatial lag, and Moran's I (0.175) and Geary's c check (0.460) for spatial autocorrelation suggest evidence of clustering in the spatial price of rice at the nearby markets and spatial price of rice between markets than might be under a random experiment. However, the results confirmed no spatial structure, no spatial dependence in the error term, nor spatial dependence within the costs of garri, beans and palm oil. The effects of the spatial lag model showed a mean price of 1kg of rice as N1597.77 with an average total effect of 0.406 comprising 0.274 direct effect and 0.132 indirect effects. Hence, the own-market price of rice in the study area is affected by the across-market price in the nearby markets, in addition to the cost of transportation from market of purchase.
Optimal remanufacturing strategies for original equipment manufacturers: partner and mode selection

This study examines a supply chain with three players which are a contract manufacturer (CM), an independent remanufacturer (IR) and an original equipment manufacturer (OEM). The OEM outsources the production process of new products to the CM and enters the remanufacturing market by cooperating with the remanufacturer which can either be the CM or IR through outsourcing or authorization remanufacturing modes. We investigate the OEM's remanufacturing partner choice when the remanufacturing mode is given, and the remanufacturing mode choice when the remanufacturer is selected. We consider profitability and environmental performance as the OEM's decision-making criteria. When the wholesale price of the new product is exogenously determined, we find that cooperating with the remanufacturer that has a lower variable cost is the dominant strategy given a specific remanufacturing mode. When the CM strategically determines the wholesale price of the new product, the OEM should never select the CM as the remanufacturing partner, and the IR is always a preferable remanufacturing partner for the OEM. In addition, both outsourcing and authorization modes are optimal when the CM is the remanufacturer. However, when the IR is the remanufacturer, the OEM should always choose the outsourcing mode.
Enabling Delay-Guaranteed Congestion Control With One-Bit Feedback in Cellular Networks

Unexpected large packet delays are often observed in cellular networks due to huge network queuing caused by excessive traffic coming into the network. To deal with the large queue problem, many congestion control algorithms try to find out how much traffic the network can accommodate, either by measuring network performance or by directly providing explicit information. However, due to the nature of the control in which queue growth should be observed or the necessity to modify the overall network architecture, existing algorithms are experiencing difficulties in keeping queues within a strict bound. In this paper, we propose a novel congestion control algorithm based on simple feedback, ECLAT which can provide bounded queuing delay using only one-bit signaling already available in traditional network architecture. To do so, a base station or a router running ECLAT 1) calculates how many packets each flow should transmit and 2) analyzes when congestion feedback needs to be forwarded to adjust the flow’s packet transmission to the desired rate. Our extensive experiments in our testbed demonstrate that ECLAT achieves strict queuing delay bounds, even in the dynamic cellular network environment.
Leveraging the Potential of Convolutional Neural Network and Satellite Images to Map Informal Settlements in Urban Settings of the City of Kigali, Rwanda

The urban population is rapidly increasing and more than half of the world's population is currently living in cities. About 1 billion of city dwellers are living in slums and informal settlements. Addressing the issue of slums and informal settlements require information on these areas. This study explored the potential of Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) and Very-High Resolution satellite image to map the informal settlements in urban areas of the city of Kigali, Rwanda. The study applied modified U-Net model with MobileNetV2 model as the base model to discriminate areas with informal settlements from other areas. The model was obtained by modifying the original U-Net architecture to incorporate dilated convolutional operations at the beginning of the network. The findings demonstrate that based on the spatial characteristics of informal settlements, the model was able to detect informal settlements in urban areas with a recall of 0.862, a precision of 0.810 and an F1-Score of 0.809. Based on these results, the study can be a basis for finding relevant information about informal settlements that are of concern in the implementation of SDGs, especially goal 11 addressing the issues of safe and inclusive cities and human settlements.
Property and numerical simulation of the Ait-Sahalia-Rho model with nonlinear growth conditions

The Ait-Sahalia-Rho model is an important tool to study a number of financial problems, including the term structure of interest rate. However, since the functions of this model do not satisfy the linear growth condition, we cannot study the properties for the solution of this model by using the traditional techniques. In this paper we overcome the mathematical difficulties due to the nonlinear growth condition by using numerical simulation. Thus we first discuss analytical properties of the model and the convergence property of numerical solutions in probability for the Ait-Sahalia-Rho model. Finally, an example for option pricing is given to illustrate that the numerical solution is an effective method to estimate the expected payoffs.
A Wideband Dual-Polarized Tightly Coupled Array with Compact Size for 5G Millimeter-wave Mobile Devices

ABSTRACT A miniaturized dual-polarized smartphone antenna based on tightly coupled dipole array (TCDA), applying to 5 G millimeter-wave (mmW), is presented. The antenna element has a size of 2.94 mm × 3.05 mm × 0.94 mm and covers a bandwidth of 91.5% and 88.4% with VSWR＜2 for pol-x and pol-y, respectively. To achieve low cost, compact size, and reduce the number of ports, a specific miniature feeding structure, using Γ-shaped coupling probes, is applied. The proposed smartphone antenna consists of eight elements with a size of 23.8 mm × 3.5 mm × 0.94 mm. Experiments show that the TCDA can support a minimum realized gain of 9.51 dB and 9.07 dB for pol-x and pol-y, respectively, within 5 G mmW bands. To verify the design concept, TCDA is fabricated and measured, which achieves 60° scanning without grating lobes. The measurement results demonstrate that the proposed antenna is well suited for future 5 G mmW mobile phones.
Non-Modal Instability of Core-Annular Flow

Abstract The classical problem of the stability of Core-Annular Flow (CAF) in pipes is reconsidered from the point of view of the linear non-modal analysis. An accurate Chebyshev pseudospectral code in polar coordinates has been developed in order to separately discretize the two phases of the flow. Transient amplifications of the energy of three-dimensional perturbations are computed by taking into account the effects of viscosity and volume ratios between the two liquids, as well as of Reynolds number and a surface tension parameter. A detailed investigation is conducted in wide regions of the parameters space and the occurrence of remarkable transient growths is found for asymptotically both stable and unstable configurations. Optimal perturbations (i.e. giving the maximum energy amplification) are determined and their structure is analyzed. It is shown that in conditions in which axisymmetric modes are expected to constitute the most dangerous exponential disturbances, spiral perturbations can provide higher levels of transient energy amplification. Growth rates and amplification levels relative to modal and non-modal mechanisms are compared in order to analyze more in depth previous disagreements between experiments and modal theory.
Experimental observation of stimulated Raman scattering in a fluoride fiber

Stimulated Raman scattering is an attractive nonlinear optical process that produces the power transfer from a given frequency to one or several down-shifted Stokes beams [1-4]. It is becoming an exciting issue because of the wide application, ranging from sensors, slow light generation to Raman amplifiers and lasers [5-11]. Ever since Stolen et al. first reported it in 1972[3], SRS has been successfully demonstrated based on various fiber structures and fiber materials [12-24]. Moreover, in optical fibers with sufficiently high Raman gain and pump power, multiple-order cascaded Raman shift can be generated, which has already been observed in silica, tellurite and chalcogenide optical fibers [18, 25-28]. However, relatively few researches concerning this have been carried out on fluoride fibers, although they have high transparency from the ultraviolet (UV) region to the mid-infrared (MIR) region up to ~8 μm. In this work, we demonstrated fourth-order cascaded Raman shift in a birefringence ZrF4‒BaF2‒LaF3‒AlF3‒NaF (ZBLAN) fluoride fiber. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first demonstration of fourth-order cascaded Raman shift in fluoride fibers. The pump source was a picosecond laser with the center wavelength of 1064 nm. At the average pump power of ~7W, fourth-order cascaded Raman shift was observed if the pump pulse was polarized to the slow axis, and only third-order cascaded Raman shift was obtained if the pump pulse was polarized to the fast axis. Furthermore, the generalized nonlinear Schrödinger equation (GNLSE) was used to simulate the cascaded Raman shift generation process, and the results were in good agreement with the experiments.
Sistem Informasi Pengelolaan Arsip Surat Pada Dinas Pemberdayaan Masyarakat Dan Pemerintahan Desa Berbasis Web

Proses pengarsipan surat masuk dan surat keluar pada Dinas Pemberdayaan Masyarakat dan Pemerintah Desa Provinsi Kalimantan Timur masih menggunakan cara manual sehingga dalam pengelolaan masih belum terstruktur. Untuk mengatasi permasalahan tersebut dilakukan rancangan system informasi penatalaksanaan pengarsipan surat. Tujuan penelitian ini untuk menghasilkan sistem informasi pengelololaan data arsip surat pada Dinas Pemberdayaan Masyarakat dan Pemerintahan Desa berbasis Web. Metode yang diterapkan dalam membangunan sistem informasi ini adalah mode waterfall. Hasil dari proses penelitian ini menghasilkan system informasi yang sudah sesuai dengan keinginan dan dapat membantu pengelolaan surat masuk dan surat keluar pada Dinas Pemberdayaan Masyarakat dan Pemerintahan Desa.
Three Months of Composting Are Enough to Eliminate the Fowl Typhoid Bacteria

The composting technique has been increasingly highlighted in poultry production units, as an efficient and low-cost solution for the destination of carcasses. The process is based on the accelerated decomposition of organic material under high temperatures, associated with eliminating pathogenic microorganisms. This study aims to evaluate the effectiveness and the time necessary for the elimination of Salmonella Gallinarum in carcasses of poultry submitted to the composting process. The composting was carried out following the models used in the field, and microbiological analysis was performed in five different periods: 45, 90, 120, 150 and 180-days after closing the composter. After 90 days of experiment and in the subsequent analysis, the elimination of the bacteria in 100% of the samples was verified, validating the composting process as an effective method for eliminating S . Gallinarum in poultry carcasses, when respecting the period necessary for the elimination of the bacteria and the good quality of the structure adopted for the process.
Anharmonicity of monolayer MoS2, MoSe2, and WSe2: A Raman study under high pressure and elevated temperature

In this paper, the thermodynamic parameters such as Gruneisen parameters and anharmonicity are investigated utilizing pressure- and temperature-dependent Raman spectroscopy of monolayer transition-metal dichalcogenides MX2 (M = Mo, W; X = S, Se). The result indicates a good stability of these compounds in the pressure range of 0–9.0 GPa and the temperature range of 175–575 K. It is a general trend that Raman mode varies with temperature and pressure linearly for monolayer MX2, and the thermodynamic Gruneisen parameters can be determined from the temperature- and pressure-dependencies of Raman spectra. Based on these measurable parameters, anharmonic parameters are extracted for each active Raman mode. The result shows that the temperature dependencies of the phonon frequencies are well described by considering the contributions from thermal expansion and lattice anharmonicity.
COMPARISON OF AEROBIC EXERCISE AND YOGA THERAPY ON ENDURANCE CAPACITY IN DIABETES MELLITUS PATIENTS

Background: Regular exercise and yoga are key elements in the management of type 2 diabetes. It can help people with diabetes to achieve variety of goals including enhancement of cardiopulmonary fitness, improvement of glycemic control, reduction of blood pressure and improvement in quality of life. Walking and asanas with rhythmic breathing exercises are often the most popular and most preferred feasible type of exercises in overweight middle aged and elderly people with diabetes. Objective: To compare the effect of aerobic exercise and yoga therapy on endurance capacity in type 2 diabetes mellitus patients. Methods: 30 participants aged 40-55 years diagnosed with type 2 diabetes mellitus attending OPD of Rajah Muthiah Medical college and Hospital were recruited. Patients with renal cardiac complications were excluded. Aerobic group involves moderate brisk walking and yoga group involves asanas with pranayama 45 minutes daily 5 days per week for 4 weeks. Endurance capacity was measured by Harvard Step test before and after aerobic training and asanas with pranayama and compared with both groups. Results and Conclusion: Independent t test showed no significant differences in endurance capacity between aerobic exercise and yoga therapy. The study revealed that regular practice of both the aerobic exercise and yoga are essential and effective in improving overall functional capacity of diabetes mellitus patients.
On the transient response of the turbulent boundary layer inception in compressible flows

The behavioural characteristics of thermal boundary layer inception dictate the efficiency of heat exchangers and the operational limits of fluid machinery. The specific time required by the thermal boundary layer to be established is vital to optimize flow control strategies, as well as the thermal management of systems exposed to ephemeral phenomena, typically on the millisecond scale. This paper presents the time characterization of the momentum and thermal boundary layer development in transient turbulent compressible air flows. We present a new framework to perform such estimations based on detailed unsteady Reynolds averaged Navier–Stokes simulations that may be extended to higher fidelity simulations. First of all, the aerodynamic boundary layer initiation is described using adiabatic simulations. Additional numerical calculations were then performed by setting the isothermal wall condition to evaluate the additional time required by the thermal boundary layer to establish after the aerodynamic boundary layer reaches its steady state. Finally, full conjugate simulations were executed to compute the warm up effect of the solid during the blowdown of a hot fluid over a colder metallic test model. The transient performance of the turbulent thermal and momentum boundary layers is quantified through numerical simulations of air blowdown over a flat plate for different mainstream flow conditions. The effects of Reynolds number, free stream velocity, transient duration, test article length and free stream temperature were independently assessed, to then define a mathematical expression of the momentum boundary layer settlement. This paper presents a novel numerical correlation of the additional time required by the thermal boundary layer to be stablished after the settlement of the momentum boundary layer. The time scales of the aerodynamic and thermal boundary layers are presented as a function of relevant non-dimensional numbers, as well as the description of the response of the near wall flow to sudden free stream changes. The characterization of the boundary layer mechanisms discussed in this paper contribute to the establishment of an evidence-based foundation for advances in the field of flow control.
Initial investigation of UAV swarm behaviors in a search-and-rescue scenario using reinforcement learning

Recent years have seen the emergence of novel UAV swarm methodologies being developed for numerous applications within the Department of Defense. Such applications include, but are not limited to, search and rescue missions, intelligence, surveillance, and reconnaissance activities, and rapid disaster relief assessment. Herein, this article investigates an initial implementation of learning UAV swarm behaviors using reinforcement learning (RL). Specifically, we present a study implementing a leader-follower UAV swarm using RL-learned behaviors in a search-and-rescue task. Experiments are performed through simulations on synthetic data, specifically using a cross-platform flight simulator with Unreal Engine virtual environment. Performance is assessed by measuring key objective metrics, such as time to complete the mission, redundant actions, stagnation time, and goal success. This article seeks to provide an increased understanding and assessment of current reinforcement learning strategies being developed for controlling (or at a minimum suggesting) UAV swarm behaviors.
HESS Opinions: The complementary merits of top-down and bottom-up modelling philosophies in hydrology

In hydrology, the two somewhat competing modelling philosophies of bottom-up and top-down approaches are the basis of most process-based models. Differing mostly (1) in their respective degree of detail in resolving the modelling domain and (2) in their respective degree of explicitly treating conservation laws, these two philosophies suffer from similar limitations. Nevertheless, a better understanding of their respective basis (i.e. micro-scale vs. macro-scale) as well as their respective short comings bears the potential of identifying the complementary value of the two philosophies for improving our models. In this manuscript we analyse several frequently communicated beliefs and assumptions to identify, discuss and emphasize the functional similarity of the two modelling philosophies. We argue that deficiencies in model applications largely do not depend on the modelling philosophy but rather on the way a model is implemented. Based on the premises that top-down models can be implemented at any desired degree of detail and that any type of model remains to some degree conceptual we argue that a convergence of the two modelling strategies may hold some value for progressing the development of hydrological models.
Sur les limites projectives et inductives

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