Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Chemical characteristics of the granular sludge from an UASB reactor treating binary mixture of catechol and resorcinol in an aqueous solution

Subramanyam Revanuru and Indra Mani Mishra Department of Civil Engineering, Jaypee University of Engineering and Technology, Guna – 473 226, Madhya Pradesh, India 2 Department of Chemical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology, Roorkee, Roorkee – 247 667, Uttarakhand, India Abstract. The chemical characteristics of the granules acclimated with binary mixture of catechol and resorcinol in an aqueous solution were investigated by means of inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometer (ICP MS), scanning electron microscopy coupled with electron disperse x-ray analysis (SEM EDAX), X-ray diffractometer (XRD) and fourier transform infra-red spectrometer (FTIR) techniques. ICP MS results showed that most of the metals decreased drastically after treatment but Ca and Fe increased. EDAX analysis showed that mineral content Si, Al, S, Fe, Mg, Na increased and Ca, P, K decreased after the treatment. XRD analysis indicates minor changes occurring in the sludge. The Fourier transform infra-red spectroscopy analysis confirmed the biodegradation of amine salts and slight accumulation of volatile fatty acids, aliphatic and aromatic ethers, and polysaccharides.
Finite-strain anisotropic plasticity and the plastic spin

A detailed analysis of the kinematics of anisotropic elastoplastic solids under finite isothermal deformations is presented. The formulation is based on a multiplicative decomposition of the deformation gradient tenser into elastic and plastic parts. Emphasis is placed on the proper definition and the physical meaning of the so-called 'plastic spin', which is the spin of the continuum relative to the material substructure. Constitutive equations for the plastic spin are derived for three different material systems: (i) a fibre-reinforced metal-matrix composite, in which the local axis of transverse isotropy is defined by the local orientation of the fibres, (ii) polymeric materials, in which the anisotropy is deformation induced, and (iii) an elastoplastic material which yields according to a yield condition of the kinematic hardening type. The numerical implementation of the elastoplastic equations in a finite element programme, as well as an algorithm for their numerical integration, are briefly discussed. The choice of the intermediate unstressed configuration and the proper definition of the plastic spin in 'non-isoclinic' configurations are also discussed.
No Gender Differences in Egocentric and Allocentric Environmental Transformation After Compensating for Male Advantage by Manipulating Familiarity

The present study has two-fold aims: to investigate whether gender differences persist even when more time is given to acquire spatial information; to assess the gender effect when the retrieval phase requires recalling the pathway from the same or a different reference perspective (egocentric or allocentric). Specifically, we analyse the performance of men and women while learning a path from a map or by observing an experimenter in a real environment. We then asked them to reproduce the learned path using the same reference system (map learning vs. map retrieval or real environment learning vs. real environment retrieval) or using a different reference system (map learning vs. real environment retrieval or vice versa). The results showed that gender differences were not present in the retrieval phase when women have the necessary time to acquire spatial information. Moreover, using the egocentric coordinates (both in the learning and retrieval phase) proved easier than the other conditions, whereas learning through allocentric coordinates and then retrieving the environmental information using egocentric coordinates proved to be the most difficult. Results showed that by manipulating familiarity, gender differences disappear, or are attenuated in all conditions.
Recent Increase in the Incidence of TEM-135 β-Lactamase-harboring Neisseria gonorrhoeae in Korea

Background We investigated the molecular epidemiological characteristics and antimicrobial susceptibility pattern of penicillinase-producing Neisseria gonorrhoeae (PPNG) isolates to monitor the change in distribution of blaTEM in Korea. Methods We collected 804 PPNG isolates from diverse hospitals and clinics mainly located in Seoul, Korea, over a period of 11 years (2005–2015). Isolate susceptibility to seven antimicrobials was determined using the agar dilution test. The molecular epidemiological characteristics of the isolates were determined by Sanger sequencing of blaTEM, N. gonorrhoeae multiantigen sequence typing (NG-MAST) and plasmid typing. Results Among 72 fully sequenced PPNG isolates, sixteen (22.2%) possessed TEM-135. All TEM-135 isolates had a common silent mutation (c.18C>T), which was previously unreported. We observed a pattern of continuous increase in the number of TEM-135 isolates since 2012. The median and 90% minimum inhibitory concentration of azithromycin were substantially lower in the TEM-135 group than in the non-PPNG and TEM-1 groups. All TEM-135 isolates showed different NG-MAST types and predominantly harbored Toronto/Rio (75%) plasmids. A comprehensive comparative analysis of PPNG with TEM-135 according to NG-MAST, plasmid type, and year of isolation revealed a wide distribution. Conclusions The proportion of TEM-135 PPNG has continuously increased since 2012, in association with clonal spread. The difference at position 18 of the TEM-135 sequence can be interpreted as the existence of multiple clonal complexes. The possibility that TEM-135 was acquired via foreign plasmids requires careful follow-up and continuous monitoring of TEM-135 to ascertain whether it constitutes a step towards evolutionary change.
Short-Term Traffic Forecasting: A Dynamic ST-KNN Model Considering Spatial Heterogeneity and Temporal Non-Stationarity

Accurate and robust short-term traffic forecasting is a critical issue in intelligent transportation systems and real-time traffic related applications. Existing short-term traffic forecasting approaches are used to adopt global and static model structures and assume the traffic correlations between adjacent road segments within assigned time periods. Due to the inherent characteristics of spatial heterogeneity and temporal non-stationarity of city traffic, it is rather difficult for these approaches to obtain stable and satisfying results. To overcome the problems of static model structures and quantitatively unclear spatiotemporal dependency relationships, this paper proposes a dynamic spatiotemporal knearest neighbor model, named D-ST-KNN, for short-term traffic forecasting. It comprehensively considers the spatial heterogeneity and temporal non-stationarity of city traffic with dynamic spatial neighbors, time windows, spatiotemporal weights and other parameters. First, the sizes of spatial neighbors and the lengths of time windows for traffic influence are automatically determined by cross-correlation and autocorrelation functions, respectively. Second, dynamic spatiotemporal weights are introduced into the distance functions to optimize the search mechanism. Then, dynamic spatiotemporal parameters are established to adapt the continuous change in traffic conditions, including the dynamic number of candidate neighbors and dynamic weight allocation parameters. Finally, the D-ST-KNN model is evaluated using two vehicular speed datasets collected on expressways in California, U.S. and city roads in Beijing, China. Four traditional prediction models are compared with the D-ST-KNN model in terms of the forecasting accuracy and the generalization ability. The results demonstrate that the D-ST-KNN model outperforms existing models in all time periods, especially in the morning period and evening peak period. In addition, the generalization ability of the D-ST-KNN model is also proved.
Blind Source Separation and the Analysis of Microarray Data

We develop an approach for the exploratory analysis of gene expression data, based upon blind source separation techniques. This approach exploits higher-order statistics to identify a linear model for (logarithms of) expression profiles, described as linear combinations of "independent sources. " As a result, it yields "elementary expression patterns" (the "sources"), which may be interpreted as potential regulation pathways. Further analysis of the so-obtained sources show that they are generally characterized by a small number of specific coexpressed or antiexpressed genes. In addition, the projections of the expression profiles onto the estimated sources often provides significant clustering of conditions. The algorithm relies on a large number of runs of "independent component analysis" with random initializations, followed by a search of "consensus sources. " It then provides estimates for independent sources, together with an assessment of their robustness. The results obtained on two datasets (namely, breast cancer data and Bacillus subtilis sulfur metabolism data) show that some of the obtained gene families correspond to well known families of coregulated genes, which validates the proposed approach.
Molecular and genomic features of Mycobacterium bovis strain 1595 isolated from Korean cattle

The aim of this study was to investigate the molecular characteristics and to conduct a comparative genomic analysis of Mycobacterium (M.) bovis strain 1595 isolated from a native Korean cow. Molecular typing showed that M. bovis 1595 has spoligotype SB0140 with mycobacterial interspersed repetitive units-variable number of tandem repeats typing of 4-2-5-3-2-7-5-5-4-3-4-3-4-3, representing the most common type of M. bovis in Korea. The complete genome sequence of strain 1595 was determined by single-molecule real-time technology, which showed a genome of 4351712 bp in size with a 65.64% G + C content and 4358 protein-coding genes. Comparative genomic analysis with the genomes of Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex strains revealed that all genomes are similar in size and G + C content. Phylogenetic analysis revealed all strains were within a 0.1% average nucleotide identity value, and MUMmer analysis illustrated that all genomes showed positive collinearity with strain 1595. A sequence comparison based on BLASTP analysis showed that M. bovis AF2122/97 was the strain with the greatest number of completely matched proteins to M. bovis 1595. This genome sequence analysis will serve as a valuable reference for improving understanding of the virulence and epidemiologic traits among M. bovis isolates in Korea.
Comparison of Two Tourniquets on a Mid-Thigh Model: The Israeli Silicone Stretch and Wrap Tourniquet vs. The Combat Application Tourniquet.

Introduction Experience from recent conflicts underlines the dramatic impact of effective tourniquet use on combat casualty mortality. Although the Combat Application Tourniquet (CAT) is replacing the silicone band tourniquets (IST; "Israeli Silicone Tourniquet") in the Israeli Defense Forces, no direct comparison was made between them. The purpose of this study is to compare the performance of the two tourniquets on a mid-thigh model. Methods Participants were Israeli military recruits who previously had the military first aid course. Each participant applied both the CAT and the IST. Applications were assessed by the HapMed Leg Tourniquet Trainer, which measured the applied pressure and the time required to reach it. Results IST application resulted in higher rates of effective occlusion pressure compared with the CAT (91% vs. 73.1%, p < 0.01), and a higher mean occlusion pressure (41 mmHg, p < 0.01) was recorded using the IST. Among effective attempts, application time did not differ significantly between the tourniquets. Conclusion The IST was superior to the CAT in producing effective occlusion pressure while not prolonging application time. These results may indicate that the IST remains a valid option for controlling mid-thigh bleeding.
Fungal Biodiversity and Their Role in Soil Health

Soil health, and the closely related terms of soil quality and fertility, is considered as one of the most important characteristics of soil ecosystems. The integrated approach to soil health assumes that soil is a living system and soil health results from the interaction between different processes and properties, with a strong effect on the activity of soil microbiota. All soils can be described using physical, chemical, and biological properties, but adaptation to environmental changes, driven by the processes of natural selection, are unique to the latter one. This mini review focuses on fungal biodiversity and its role in the health of managed soils as well as on the current methods used in soil mycobiome identification and utilization next generation sequencing (NGS) approaches. The authors separately focus on agriculture and horticulture as well as grassland and forest ecosystems. Moreover, this mini review describes the effect of land-use on the biodiversity and succession of fungi. In conclusion, the authors recommend a shift from cataloging fungal species in different soil ecosystems toward a more global analysis based on functions and interactions between organisms.
Impact of Number of Human Papillomavirus Vaccine Doses on Genital Warts Diagnoses Among a National Cohort of U.S. Adolescents

Background The impact of fewer than 3 doses of human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccine on genital warts is uncertain. Methods Using the Truven Health Analytics Marketscan administrative database, we compared rates of genital warts among women receiving 0, 1, 2, or 3 doses of HPV vaccine. Females aged 9 to 18 years on January 1, 2007, who were continuously enrolled in the database through December 31, 2013, were included. Patients were assigned an HPV dose state (0, 1, 2, or 3) based on the last recorded dose. The exposure period began on January 1, 2007, or the date of the final HPV dose, and lasted until the first diagnosis of genital warts or December 31, 2013. Multivariable Poisson regression was performed to determine the risk of genital warts associated with vaccine doses. Results Among 387,906 subjects, mean age and exposure period were 14.73 and 5.64 years, respectively. The proportions of doses received were: 52.1%, 7.8%, 9.4%, and 30.7% for 0, 1, 2, and 3 doses, respectively. The rate of genital warts was 1.97/1000 person-years. Receipt of 0 or 1 dose was associated with more genital warts than 3 doses. The effectiveness of 2 doses following current Centers for Disease Control and Prevention guidelines was similar to 3 doses. The risk of genital warts rose with age. Conclusions Prevention of genital warts is higher with completion of 3 vaccine doses than with 1 dose, though 2-dose recommendations appear to provide similar protection. Prospective effectiveness studies of recommended 2-dose schedules against clinical endpoints including persistent infection, genital warts, and cervical dysplasia are necessary to ensure long-term protection of vaccinated cohorts.
Current perspectives on intrathecal drug delivery

Advances in intrathecal analgesia and intrathecal drug delivery systems have allowed for a range of medications to be used in the control of pain and spasticity. This technique allows for reduced medication doses that can decrease the side effects typically associated with oral or parenteral drug delivery. Recent expert panel consensus guidelines have provided care paths in the treatment of nociceptive, neuropathic, and mixed pain syndromes. While the data for pain relief, adverse effect reduction, and cost-effectiveness with cancer pain control are compelling, the evidence is less clear for noncancer pain, other than spasticity. Physicians should be aware of mechanical, pharmacological, surgical, and patient-specific complications, including possible granuloma formation. Newer intrathecal drug delivery systems may allow for better safety and quality of life outcomes.
Towards a Theory of Complexity of Regular Languages

We survey recent results concerning the complexity of regular languages represented by their minimal deterministic finite automata. In addition to the quotient complexity of the language -- which is the number of its (left) quotients, and is the same as its state complexity -- we also consider the size of its syntactic semigroup and the quotient complexity of its atoms -- basic components of every regular language. We then turn to the study of the quotient/state complexity of common operations on regular languages: reversal, (Kleene) star, product (concatenation) and boolean operations. We examine relations among these complexity measures. We discuss several subclasses of regular languages defined by convexity. In many, but not all, cases there exist "most complex" languages, languages satisfying all these complexity measures.
Coordination of growth rate, cell cycle, stress response, and metabolic activity in yeast.

We studied the relationship between growth rate and genome-wide gene expression, cell cycle progression, and glucose metabolism in 36 steady-state continuous cultures limited by one of six different nutrients (glucose, ammonium, sulfate, phosphate, uracil, or leucine). The expression of more than one quarter of all yeast genes is linearly correlated with growth rate, independent of the limiting nutrient. The subset of negatively growth-correlated genes is most enriched for peroxisomal functions, whereas positively correlated genes mainly encode ribosomal functions. Many (not all) genes associated with stress response are strongly correlated with growth rate, as are genes that are periodically expressed under conditions of metabolic cycling. We confirmed a linear relationship between growth rate and the fraction of the cell population in the G0/G1 cell cycle phase, independent of limiting nutrient. Cultures limited by auxotrophic requirements wasted excess glucose, whereas those limited on phosphate, sulfate, or ammonia did not; this phenomenon (reminiscent of the "Warburg effect" in cancer cells) was confirmed in batch cultures. Using an aggregate of gene expression values, we predict (in both continuous and batch cultures) an "instantaneous growth rate. " This concept is useful in interpreting the system-level connections among growth rate, metabolism, stress, and the cell cycle.
Mining Customers' Spatio-Temporal Behavior Data Using Topographic Unsupervised Learning

Radio Frequency IDentification (RFID) is an advanced tracking technology that can be used to study the spatio-temporal behavior of customers in a supermarket. The aim of this work is to build a new RFID-based autonomous system to follow individuals' spatio-temporal activity, a tool not currently available, and to develop new methods for automatic data mining. Here, we study how to transform these data to investigate the customers' behaviors. We propose a new unsupervised data mining method to deal with this complex and very noisy data. This method is fast, efficient and allows some useful analysis to understand how the customers behave during shopping.
Anger communication in deaf children

In this study, we investigated how deaf children express their anger towards peers and with what intentions. Eleven-year-old deaf children (n=21) and a hearing control group (n=36) were offered four vignettes describing anger-evoking conflict situations with peers. Children were asked how they would respond, how the responsible peer would react, and what would happen to their relationship. Deaf children employed the communicative function of anger expression differently from hearing children. Whereas hearing children used anger expression to reflect on the anguish that another child caused them, deaf children used it rather bluntly and explained less. Moreover, deaf children expected less empathic responses from the peer causing them harm. Both groups did, however, expect equally often that the relationship with the peer would stay intact. These findings are discussed in the light of deaf children's impaired emotion socialization secondary to their limited communication skills.
Process Model Applicable to Software Engineering and Knowledge Engineering

Software engineering (SE) and knowledge engineering (KE) develop software systems using different construction process models. Because of the growing complexity of the problems to be solved by computers, the conventional systems (CS) and knowledge-based systems (KBS) software process is at present passing through a period of integration. In this paper, we propose a software process model applicable to both CS and KBS. The model designed is declarative, that is, it indicates what is done to build a software system. Its goal is to provide software and knowledge engineers with a techno-conceptual tool to develop systems comprising both traditional and knowledge-based software.
Phase Noise of Unsaturated Two-Stage Voltage-Controlled Ring Oscillator Without Tail Current

This paper investigates the phase noise (PN) of two-stage voltage-controlled ring oscillators. The delay cell is source-coupled pair with no tail current source, suitable for reduced voltage swing as supply reduces under technology scaling. With two stages, the output can become unsaturated, introducing extra cycle-to-cycle correlation and adding PN. The new cycle-to-cycle PN model is developed and applied to two different cell topologies. The design was fabricated in 1.2-V 0.13-<inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\mu \text{m}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> CMOS, operating at 0.89-GHz oscillator frequency with 200-<inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\mu \text{W}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> power consumption. PN measurement and simulation agree with theory over circuit parameter variations and corresponding design insights are drawn. Specifically as tuning voltage varies from 0.5 to 0.6 V, PN increases by around 5 dB.
Modeling the Reflow Soldering Process in PCB’s

In the present work two different types of case studies are modelled, carried out involving the fusing of a material using the CFD (Computational Fluid Dynamics) software Ansys Fluent, using the VOF method (Volume of Fluid) to capture the position of the existing interfaces and the Solidification/melting method which uses an enthalpy-porosity approach to simulate the fusion of the material.The first case focus itself in the analysis of fusing process and dropping behavior of the melted plate in the presence of a thermal source. The validation is made using a study found in the bibliography and then using water as the melting material given that its behavior is well known. Then tin is used as the melting material followed by the use of SAC 405 as the melting plate. This study compares various materials properties and verifies the influence of some of these particular properties by changing them (surface tension and heat of fusion). The second case focus on the simulation of a geometry obtained at balance at a constant temperature by the SAC 405 soldering alloy in the presence of a component and the copper substrate on top of a PCB.Copyright © 2015 by ASME
Stable vortex dipoles in nonrotating Bose-Einstein condensates

We find stable families of vortex dipoles in nonrotating Bose-Einstein condensates. The vortex dipoles correspond to topological excited collective states of the condensed atoms. They exist and are dynamically and structurally stable for a broad range of parameters. We show that they can be generated by phase-imprinting techniques on the ground state of condensates.