Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
An efficient heuristic algorithm for 2D h-hops range assignment problem

Given a set S of n radio-stations on a 2D plane and an integer h, the range assignment problem is to assign ranges to the members in S such that each member of S can communicate with all other members in S using at most h hops, and the sum of powers required for all the members in S is minimized. The general 2D h-hop range assignment problem is known to be NP-hard (A.E.F. Clementi et al, Proc. Symp. on Theor. Aspects of Comp. Sci. (STACS-00), pp. 651-660, 2000). We first consider some simplified variations of the problem and propose an efficient polynomial time algorithm for obtaining optimal solution. In the homogeneous version, where the range assigned to each radio-station is same (/spl rho/), we can obtain the minimum value of /spl rho/ in O(n/sup 3/logn) time in the worst case. In addition, if we consider the unbounded version of the homogeneous range assignment problem (i.e. h=n-1), then the optimal value of /spl rho/ can be obtained in O(n/sup 2/logn) time. Finally, we propose an efficient heuristic algorithm for the general h-hop range assignment problem in 2D, where the range of the radio stations may not be equal. Experimental results demonstrate that our heuristic algorithm runs fast and produces near-optimal solutions on randomly generated instances.
Dorsal hippocampus NMDA receptors differentially mediate trace and contextual fear conditioning

The dorsal hippocampus (DH) is critically involved in the acquisition and expression of trace and contextual fear conditioning. NMDA/glutamate receptor‐mediated transmission is thought to be one mechanism mediating the plastic changes that support long‐term memories in the DH. However, their precise involvement in acquisition and expression processes has not been defined. To examine this issue, the NMDA receptor antagonist, D,L‐2‐amino‐5‐phosphonovaleric acid (APV; 10 μg/μl; 0.5 μl), was infused into the DH prior to conditioning and/or testing, using a trace fear conditioning procedure. All rats were tested for freezing to both tone and context in separate, counterbalanced sessions. The three sessions (1 training and 2 test) were separated by approximately 24 h. Using this design, it was possible to assess the role for DH NMDA receptors in the acquisition versus expression of trace and contextual fear conditioning. APV disrupted acquisition, but not expression, of contextual fear conditioning. By contrast, APV attenuated both acquisition and expression of trace fear memories. Thus, DH NMDA receptors appear to contribute to retrieval of some, but not all, fear memories. ©2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Docosahexaenoic Acid Induces Oxidative DNA Damage and Apoptosis, and Enhances the Chemosensitivity of Cancer Cells

The human diet contains low amounts of ω-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) and high amounts of ω-6 PUFAs, which has been reported to contribute to the incidence of cancer. Epidemiological studies have shown that a high consumption of fish oil or ω-3 PUFAs reduced the risk of colon, pancreatic, and endometrial cancers. The ω-3 PUFA, docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), shows anticancer activity by inducing apoptosis of some human cancer cells without toxicity against normal cells. DHA induces oxidative stress and oxidative DNA adduct formation by depleting intracellular glutathione (GSH) and decreasing the mitochondrial function of cancer cells. Oxidative DNA damage and DNA strand breaks activate DNA damage responses to repair the damaged DNA. However, excessive DNA damage beyond the capacity of the DNA repair processes may initiate apoptotic signaling pathways and cell cycle arrest in cancer cells. DHA shows a variable inhibitory effect on cancer cell growth depending on the cells’ molecular properties and degree of malignancy. It has been shown to affect DNA repair processes including DNA-dependent protein kinases and mismatch repair in cancer cells. Moreover, DHA enhanced the efficacy of anticancer drugs by increasing drug uptake and suppressing survival pathways in cancer cells. In this review, DHA-induced oxidative DNA damage, apoptotic signaling, and enhancement of chemosensitivity in cancer cells will be discussed based on recent studies.
Ultrastructural features and hormone‐dependent sex differences of mormyrid electric organs

The electric organ of mormyrid fishes is composed of action potentialgenerating cells called electrocytes that together produce a species‐typical electric organ discharge (EOD). The electrocytes of mormyrids are discshaped cells with distinct anterior and posterior faces, and a series of evaginations of one face that form a stalklike structure that is the site of innervation by spinal electromotoneurons (Bass: J. Comp. Neurol. 244:313–330, '86a). Here, we describe the major ultrastructural features of mormyrid electrocytes, which include surface invaginations along each face, myonuclei, myofilaments, and neuromuscularlike junctions formed by the axons of spinal electromotoneurons. The degree of surface invaginations along the anterior face is the most dramatic interspecific variable and is usually greater for species with the longer duration EODs. Among species with sexually dimorphic EODs, natural males, or females trated with gonadal steroid hormones, have longer‐duration EODs and thicker electrocytes with more surface invaginations along the anterior face. The results are discussed in relation to the action potential‐generating properties of the electrocyte's membranes.
Emergence of spatially heterogeneous burst suppression in a neural field model of electrocortical activity

Burst suppression in the electroencephalogram (EEG) is a well-described phenomenon that occurs during deep anesthesia, as well as in a variety of congenital and acquired brain insults. Classically it is thought of as spatially synchronous, quasi-periodic bursts of high amplitude EEG separated by low amplitude activity. However, its characterization as a “global brain state” has been challenged by recent results obtained with intracranial electrocortigraphy. Not only does it appear that burst suppression activity is highly asynchronous across cortex, but also that it may occur in isolated regions of circumscribed spatial extent. Here we outline a realistic neural field model for burst suppression by adding a slow process of synaptic resource depletion and recovery, which is able to reproduce qualitatively the empirically observed features during general anesthesia at the whole cortex level. Simulations reveal heterogeneous bursting over the model cortex and complex spatiotemporal dynamics during simulated anesthetic action, and provide forward predictions of neuroimaging signals for subsequent empirical comparisons and more detailed characterization. Because burst suppression corresponds to a dynamical end-point of brain activity, theoretically accounting for its spatiotemporal emergence will vitally contribute to efforts aimed at clarifying whether a common physiological trajectory is induced by the actions of general anesthetic agents. We have taken a first step in this direction by showing that a neural field model can qualitatively match recent experimental data that indicate spatial differentiation of burst suppression activity across cortex.
The Role of the Board of Directors in IT Governance: A Review and Agenda for Research

The role of the board of directors in IT governance draws increasing attention from practitioners faced with evolving competitive pressures and Sarbanes-Oxley compliance requirements. However, research on the topic is in its very early stages. To further the continued development of this emerging research area, this review paper surveys the extant literature, formulates propositions for board involvement in IT governance, and outlines priorities for future research.
Transmastoid Retrosigmoid Approach to the Cerebellopontine Angle: Surgical Technique

BACKGROUND: The traditional suboccipital craniotomy in the retrosigmoid approach gives limited exposure to the cerebellopontine angle (CPA) structures and necessitates cerebellar retraction, whereas the addition of drilling of the mastoid process with reflection of venous sinuses offers wider exposure of the CPA and avoids cerebellar retraction. We describe the details of the surgical technique and provide radiological measurements substantiating the advantages of this approach. OBJECTIVE: To validate the usefulness of partial mastoidectomy in the retrosigmoid approach and to evaluate the complications of this maneuver. METHODS: Radiological CPA measurements on computed tomography bone window films were made on the last consecutive 20 patients who underwent CPA surgery via the transmastoid retrosigmoid approach. We measured the distance and angle of work by this approach and compared the measurements with those using the traditional retrosigmoid approach if that would have been used in each case. We also reviewed 432 patients from the records of the senior author to evaluate possible complications of this approach. RESULTS: The mean working distance for the transmastoid approach was 23.06 mm, whereas the working distance in the traditional approach was 46.44 mm. The mean increase in the angle of work after drilling of the mastoid was 25.39 degrees, and the simple average of increased distance in lateral exposure was 26.66 mm. CONCLUSION: The transmastoid retrosigmoid approach increases the exposure and gives better access to the CPA targets. This approach alleviates cerebellar retraction, facilitates surgery in the supine position, promotes the use of the endoscope, and is associated with negligible complications. ABBREVIATIONS: CPA, cerebellopontine angle IAM, internal auditory meatus LSS, lateral edge of sigmoid sulcus OM, occipitomastoid P-IAM, posterior wall of the internal auditory meatus
Can Sentiment be predicted to have cross-sectional effects?

Previous research suggests that sentiment has incremental explanatory power for returns and conditional volatility of stocks. When sentiment-based demands vary across stocks, to what extent then is sentiment responsible for the observed cross sectional patterns in stock returns? Assuming that sentiment correlates with contemporaneous returns of particular categories of stocks, subsequent cross-sectional variation in stock returns is assumed to represent corrections of the initial mispricing. Therefore, this paper investigates if sentiment can be predicted to have cross-sectional effects. We find that when investors are bullish, next periods returns are relatively high for growth stocks, small cap stocks, highly leveraged firms, low volatility stocks and profitable stocks. Results are consistent with economic intuition and in line with most of the empirical literature. * Correspondence to: Tel: +31-43-3883838; Fax: +31-43-3884875. E-mail: t.lehnert@finance.unimaas. nl.
Effects of Induced Rumen Acidosis on the Fecal Shedding of Escherichia coli in Lactating

Rumen acidosis was induced in late lactation dairy cows to measure the effects in manure microbial output. Rumen acidosis was induced in 5, late-lactation Holstein cows by a diet moderately high in starch. Five other cows were fed a control diet. Fecal samples were collected five times during the 10 d trial to enumerate Gram-negative bacteria, coliform, and Klebsiella species in manure. The pH also was measured in each fecal sample. Diets were assayed for nutritional composition throughout the trial. Rumen acidosis, as confirmed by milk fatty acid profiles, did not increase the fecal shedding of E. coli or other organisms enumerated. Although no treatment effects on the fecal bacteria counts were measured, daily differences in fecal bacteria counts and pH were observed. Milk production increased 2.2 kg/d in cows fed the acidosis inducing diet compared to cows fed the control diet. Cows fed the acidosis inducing diet had increased milk concentrations of the fatty acid trans-10, cis-12 conjugated linoleic acid compared with milk from control cows. The effect of diet on fecal shedding of E. coli was not different by treatment. Nutritional changes in the dairy herd can affect pathogen exposure; however, this was not observed.
Psychosocial Functioning of Spouses of Patients With Stroke From Initial Inpatient Rehabilitation to 3 Years Poststroke: Course and Relations With Coping Strategies

Background and Purpose— Few studies have focused on long-term changes in the caregiving experience after stroke. This study assessed changes in the psychosocial functioning of spouses (burden, depressive symptoms, harmony in the relationship between patient and spouse, and social relations) during the first 3 years after stroke and identified predictors of the course of spouses’ psychosocial functioning based on the characteristics of patients and spouses with special emphasis on coping style. Methods— We examined 211 couples shortly after the patient’s admission to a rehabilitation center, 197 2 months after discharge, 187 1 year poststroke, and 121 3 years poststroke. Burden was assessed using the Caregiver Strain Index, depressive symptoms with the Goldberg Depression Scale, harmony in the relationship with the Interactional Problem Solving Inventory, and social relations with the Social Support List. Multilevel regression analyses were performed. Results— A significant effect of time (P<0.01) was found for all 4 aspects of spouses’ psychosocial functioning. Although burden decreased, harmony in the relationship and social relations also decreased. The depression score showed a nonlinear pattern with an initial decrease but a long-term increase. All outcomes were significantly related to caregiver coping strategies. A total of 15% to 27% of the variance in psychosocial functioning could be explained. Conclusions— Follow-up of spouses of patients with stroke requires not only assessment of burden, but also other aspects of psychosocial functioning like harmony in the relationship, depression, and social relations, because our results show negative long-term consequences of stroke for these aspects of caregiver quality of life.
Turbo receiver design for MIMO relay ARQ transmissions

In this paper, we investigate practical turbo receiver design for throughput-efficient relay ARQ transmissions over broadband cooperative MIMO channels. Our setup is comprised of three multi-antenna nodes: a source, a destination, and a relay node operating under the amplify-and-forward half-duplex relaying mode. To attain higher system average throughput, we adopt a two-slot transmission strategy where the ARQ mechanism is activated on top of the amplify-and-forward protocol. We derive a soft sub-packet combiner allowing the destination node to jointly perform sub-packet combining (over both time-slots and multiple ARQ rounds) and frequency domain (FD) MMSE filtering. Its computational load is then smoothly relaxed via a recursive implementation alleviating the memory requirements when the number of ARQ rounds increases. Simulation results show that the proposed transmission strategy along with turbo sub-packet combining at the destination side achieves significant average throughput performance gain compared with conventional ARQ-based cooperative relaying, especially in situations where the relay node is close to the source node.
From modula to oberon

The programming language Oberon is the result of a concentrated effort to increase the power of Modula‐2 and simultaneously to reduce its complexity. Several features were eliminated, and a few were added in order to increase the expressive power and flexibility of the language. This paper describes and motivates the changes. The language is defined in a concise report1.
Video Alignment Final Report

This report describes a method to align two videos. The idea can be extended for alignment of multiple video sequences. The sequences are recorded by un-calibrated video cameras with fixed (but unknown) internal parameters. It will be shown that by using a combination of spatial information, temporal changes and the inbuilt frame-to-frame transformation of the video sequences, efficient video alignment can be achieved. The sequences used in the algorithm described may have no or minimal spatial overlap and the camera sources are also allowed free movement in space. Video alignment gives rise to a wide variety of new applications that are not possible when only image-to-image alignment is used. Final Report Video Alignment
Human and Social Aspects of Decentralized Knowledge Communities

To design an infrastructure for knowledge communities, we need both technical expertise and an understanding of human and social aspects of communities. Technologies for implementing such infrastructures are often available. However, there is no clear, proven procedure for building successful communities. In this paper, we review research literature concerning user practices and social aspects of information and knowledge management. Based on this review, we propose preliminary design criteria for Semantic Desktop systems.
Work and Pay in the United States and Japan

In Work and Pay in the United States and Japan, authors Clair Brown, Yoshifumi Nakata, Michael Reich, and Lloyd Ulman provide an integrated and detailed analysis of the components of firm human resources systems in the US and Japan. Drawing on data obtained from fieldwork in comparable establishments in these two countries, as well as from national sources, this work examines the relationship between company practices and national economic institutions. The authors address a number of key questions about employer-employee relations. How have major Japanese manufacturing companies been able to convert the assurance of "lifetime" employment security into a source of superior employee efficiency and adaptability, when job and income security have been feared as a source of "shirking" and wage inflation in the US? How have higher economic and real wage growth rates been associated with greater equality in earned income distribution in Japan, when the incentive role of income inequality to worker effort and savings has been stressed in the US? How could Japanese emphasis on employment security in the firm be reconciled with greater price stability and lower unemployment than in the US? This work analyses elements such as employee training and involvement programs, wage behavior as an incentive system and an alternate channel of savings, and synchronous wage determination (shunto) at work in the Japanese economy that provide for such successes. The book also explores the costs that have been associated with these Japanese accomplishments, as well as who must bear them. In particular, it examines how Japanese women compare less favorably with American women in terms of opportunities for work, pay, and promotion; the higher hours of working time for men in Japan than in the US; and the constraints on mobility for Japanese workers. It also poses the question of whether Japanese unions are weaker than their American counterparts, or just more sensible and far-sighted. Finally, this \ork examines the outlook for these distinctive Japanese institutions and practices in a period of slower growth and economic "maturity. " Based on a research project carried out in both countries, the book concludes with the lessons that each country can learn much from the employment practices of the other. Work and Pay in the United States and Japan will be essential reading for students, professors, and all professionals involved with employment systems and employer-employee relations. Available in OSO: http://www.oxfordscholarship. com/oso/public/content/management/9780195115215/toc.html
UDP traffic classification using most distinguished port

Comparing to TCP traffic, the composition of UDP traffic is still unclear. Although it is observed that a large fraction of UDP traffic appears to be P2P applications, application level classification of UDP traffic is still very hard since most of these applications are private protocols based. In this paper, a novel method is proposed to classify UDP traffic. Based on the assumption that traffic from two communicating half-tuples identified by the <; IP address, portnumber > is from the same application, all half-tuples can be grouped into several connected subgraphs. The port numbers which are adopted by most links or half-tuples in each subgroup can thus be used to characterize the application types of the whole subgroup. Experiment results show that this approach is feasible and can classify UDP traffic only using flow level information. The port numbers adopted by most links or half-tuples are surprisingly stable among different time periods, for example, for Youku application remain the same for more than 90% of periods in all the 1429 periods.
Preliminary experiments in model-based thruster control for underwater vehicle positioning

This paper reports comparative experiments with two novel and one conventional thrust control algorithms for the unsteady (transient) control of thrust generated by conventional bladed-propeller marine thrusters. First, comparative experiments with three different thrust control algorithms over a wide range of unsteady operating conditions suggest that model-based control algorithms offer transient thrust-control performance superior to that of their nonmodel-based counterpart. Second, hybrid simulations combining actual real-time experimental thruster responses with simulated one-dimensional real-time vehicle dynamics suggest that model-based thrust control algorithms offer vehicle position control superior to that of its nonmodel-based counterpart.
Fossil and non-fossil sources of organic carbon (OC) and elemental carbon (EC) in Göteborg, Sweden

Abstract. Particulate matter was collected at an urban site in Goteborg (Sweden) in February/March 2005 and in June/July 2006. Additional samples were collected at a rural site for the winter period. Total carbon (TC) concentrations were 2.1–3.6 μg m−3, 1.8–1.9 μg m−3, and 2.2–3.0 μg m−3 for urban/winter, rural/winter, and urban/summer conditions, respectively. Elemental carbon (EC), organic carbon (OC), water-insoluble OC (WINSOC), and water-soluble OC (WSOC) were analyzed for 14C in order to distinguish fossil from non-fossil emissions. As wood burning is the single major source of non-fossil EC, its contribution can be quantified directly. For non-fossil OC, the wood-burning fraction was determined independently by levoglucosan and 14C analysis and combined using Latin-hypercube sampling (LHS). For the winter period, the relative contribution of EC from wood burning to the total EC was >3 times higher at the rural site compared to the urban site, whereas the absolute concentrations of EC from wood burning were elevated only moderately at the rural compared to the urban site. Thus, the urban site is substantially more influenced by fossil EC emissions. For summer, biogenic emissions dominated OC concentrations most likely due to secondary organic aerosol (SOA) formation. During both seasons, a more pronounced fossil signal was observed for Goteborg than has previously been reported for Zurich, Switzerland. Analysis of air mass origin using back trajectories suggests that the fossil impact was larger when local sources dominated, whereas long-range transport caused an enhanced non-fossil signal. In comparison to other European locations, concentrations of levoglucosan and other monosaccharide anhydrides were low for the urban and the rural site in the area of Goteborg during winter.