Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
SEARCHING FOR DUST AROUND HYPER METAL POOR STARS

We examine the mid-infrared fluxes and spectral energy distributions for stars with iron abundances [Fe/H] <−5, and other metal-poor stars, to eliminate the possibility that their low metallicities are related to the depletion of elements onto dust grains in the formation of a debris disk. Six out of seven stars examined here show no mid-IR excesses. These non-detections rule out many types of circumstellar disks, e.g., a warm debris disk (T ⩽ 290 K), or debris disks with inner radii ⩽1 AU, such as those associated with the chemically peculiar post-asymptotic giant branch spectroscopic binaries and RV Tau variables. However, we cannot rule out cooler debris disks, nor those with lower flux ratios to their host stars due to, e.g., a smaller disk mass, a larger inner disk radius, an absence of small grains, or even a multicomponent structure, as often found with the chemically peculiar Lambda Bootis stars. The only exception is HE0107-5240, for which a small mid-IR excess near 10 μm is detected at the 2σ level; if the excess is real and associated with this star, it may indicate the presence of (recent) dust-gas winnowing or a binary system.
Modeling the near-wake of a vertical-axis cross-flow turbine with 2-D and 3-D RANS

The near-wake of a vertical-axis cross-flow turbine was modeled numerically via blade-resolved k–ω shear stress transport (SST) and Spalart–Allmaras Reynolds-averaged Navier–Stokes (RANS) models in two and three dimensions. The results for each case were compared with the experimental measurements of the turbine shaft power, overall streamwise rotor drag, mean velocity, turbulence kinetic energy, and momentum transport terms in the near-wake at one diameter downstream. It was shown that 2-D simulations overpredict turbine loading and do not resolve mean vertical momentum transport, which plays an important role in the near-wake's momentum balance. The 3-D simulations fared better at predicting performance, with the Spalart–Allmaras model predictions being closest to the experiments. The SST model more accurately predicted the turbulence kinetic energy, while the Spalart–Allmaras model more closely matched the momentum transport terms in the near-wake. These results show the potential of blade-resolved RAN.
Impact of planet–planet scattering on the formation and survival of debris discs

Planet--planet scattering is a major dynamical mechanism able to significantly alter the architecture of a planetary system. In addition to that, it may also affect the formation and retention of a debris disk by the system. A violent chaotic evolution of the planets can easily clear leftover planetesimal belts preventing the ignition of a substantial collisional cascade that can give origin to a debris disk. On the other end, a mild evolution with limited steps in eccentricity and semimajor axis can trigger the formation of a debris disk by stirring an initially quiet planetesimal belt. The variety of possible effects that planet--planet scattering can have on the formation of debris disks is analysed and the statistical probability of the different outcomes is evaluated. This leads to the prediction that systems which underwent an episode of chaotic evolution might have a lower probability of harboring a debris disk.
A singularly perturbed nonlinear traction problem in a periodically perforated domain: a functional analytic approach

We consider a periodically perforated domain obtained by making in Rn a periodic set of holes, each of them of size proportional to ε. Then, we introduce a nonlinear boundary value problem for the Lamé equations in such a periodically perforated domain. The unknown of the problem is a vector‐valued function u, which represents the displacement attained in the equilibrium configuration by the points of a periodic linearly elastic matrix with a hole of size ε contained in each periodic cell. We assume that the traction exerted by the matrix on the boundary of each hole depends (nonlinearly) on the displacement attained by the points of the boundary of the hole. Then, our aim is to describe what happens to the displacement vector function u when ε tends to 0. Under suitable assumptions, we prove the existence of a family of solutions {u(ε, ⋅ )}ε ∈ ]0,ε ′ [ with a prescribed limiting behavior when ε approaches 0. Moreover, the family {u(ε, ⋅ )}ε ∈ ]0,ε ′ [ is in a sense locally unique and can be continued real analytically for negative values of ε. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Preliminary analysis of self-reported quality health indicators of patients on opioid agonist therapy at specialty and primary care clinics in Ukraine: A randomized control trial

International agencies recommend integrating addiction treatment into primary care for people who inject drugs (PWID) with opioid use disorder (OUD). Empirical data supporting integration that incorporates comprehensive health outcomes, however, are not known. For this randomized controlled trial in Ukraine, adult PWID with OUD were randomized to receive opioid agonist therapy (OAT) in specialty addiction treatment clinics (SATC) or to primary care clinics (PCCs). For those randomized to PCC, they were subsequently allocated to PCCs where clinicians received pay-for-performance (P4P) incentives (PCC with P4P) or not (PCC without P4P). Participating cities had one of each of the three intervention sites to control for geographic variation. Ongoing tele-education specialty training (OAT, HIV, tuberculosis) was provided to all PCCs. While the primary outcome for the parent trial focuses on patient medical record data, this preliminary analysis focuses on assessment of self-reported achievement of nationally recommended quality health indicators (QHIs) which is summed as a composite QHI score. Secondary outcomes included specialty and primary care QHI subscores. This study occurred from 01/20/2018-11/1/2020 with 818 of 990 randomized participants having complete self-reported data for analysis. Relative to SATC (treatment as usual), the mean composite QHI score was 12.7 (95% CI: 10.1–15.3; p<0.001) percentage points higher at PCCs; similar and significantly higher scores were observed in PCCs compared to SATCs for both primary care (PCC vs SATC: 18.4 [95% CI: 14.8–22.0; p<0.001] and specialty (PCC vs SATC: 5.9 [95% CI: 2.6–9.2; p<0.001] QHI scores. Additionally, the mean composite QHI score was 4.6 (95% CI: 2.0–7.2; p<0.001) points higher in participants with long term (>3 months) experience with OAT compared to participants newly initiating OAT. In summary, PWID with OUD receive greater primary care and specialty healthcare services when receiving OAT at PCCs supported by tele-education relative to treatment as usual provided in SATCs. Clinical trial registration: This trial was registered at clinicaltrials.gov and can be found using the following registration number: NCT04927091.
Tell me what you see: An exploratory investigation of visual mental imagery evoked by music

The link between musical structure and evoked visual mental imagery (VMI), that is, seeing in the absence of a corresponding sensory stimulus, has yet to be thoroughly investigated. We explored this link by manipulating the characteristics of four pieces of music for synthesizer, guitars, and percussion (songs). Two original songs were selected on the basis of a pilot study, and two were new, specially composed to combine the musical and acoustical characteristics of the originals. A total of 135 participants were randomly assigned to one of the four groups who listened to one song each; 73% of participants reported experiencing VMI. There were similarities between participants’ descriptions of the mental imagery evoked by each song and clear differences between them. A combination of coding and content analysis produced 10 categories: Nature, Places and settings, Objects, Time, Movements and events, Color(s), Humans, Affects, Literal sound, and Film. Regardless of whether or not they had reported experiencing VMI, participants then carried out a card-sorting task in which they selected the terms they thought best described a scene or setting appropriate to the music they had heard and rated emotional dimensions. The results confirmed those of the content analysis. Taken together, participants’ ratings, descriptions of VMI, and selection of terms in the card-sorting task confirmed that new songs combining the characteristics of original songs evoke the elements of VMI associated with the latter. The findings are important for the understanding of the musical and acoustical characteristics that may influence our experiences of music, including VMI.
Deep 3D Convolutional Neural Network for Facial Micro-Expression Analysis from Video Images

Micro-expression is the involuntary emotion of the human that reflects the genuine feelings that cannot be hidden. Micro-expression is exhibited by facial expressions that last for a short duration and have very low intensity. Because of these reasons, micro-expression recognition is a challenging task. Recent research on the application of 3D convolutional neural networks (CNNs) has gained much popularity for video-based micro-expression analysis. For this purpose, both spatial as well as temporal features are of great importance to achieve high accuracies. The real possibly suppressed emotions of a person are valuable information for a variety of applications, such as in security, psychology, neuroscience, medicine and many other disciplines. This paper proposes a 3D CNN model architecture which is able to extract spatial and temporal features simultaneously. Thereby, the selection of the frame sequence plays a crucial role, since the emotions are only distinctive in a subset of the frames. Thus, we employ a novel pre-processing technique to select the Apex frame sequence from the entire video, where the timestamp of the most pronounced emotion is centered within this sequence. After an extensive evaluation including many experiments, the results show that the train–test split evaluation is biased toward a particular split and cannot be recommended in case of small and imbalanced datasets. Instead, a stratified K-fold evaluation technique is utilized to evaluate the model, which proves to be much more appropriate when using the three benchmark datasets CASME II, SMIC, and SAMM. Moreover, intra-dataset as well as cross-dataset evaluations were conducted in a total of eight different scenarios. For comparison purposes, two networks from the state of the art were reimplemented and compared with the presented architecture. In stratified K-fold evaluation, our proposed model outperforms both reimplemented state-of-the-art methods in seven out of eight evaluation scenarios.
A Survey on Traffic Signal Control Methods

Traffic signal control is an important and challenging real-world problem, which aims to minimize the travel time of vehicles by coordinating their movements at the road intersections. Current traffic signal control systems in use still rely heavily on oversimplified information and rule-based methods, although we now have richer data, more computing power and advanced methods to drive the development of intelligent transportation. With the growing interest in intelligent transportation using machine learning methods like reinforcement learning, this survey covers the widely acknowledged transportation approaches and a comprehensive list of recent literature on reinforcement for traffic signal control. We hope this survey can foster interdisciplinary research on this important topic.
Time-evolution of the holographic entanglement entropy and metric perturbationst

We study the holographic entanglement entropy under small deformations of anti-de Sitter (AdS) spacetime, including its time-dependence. Through perturbative analysis, the divergent terms are found not to be affected, and the change appears only in the finite terms. We also consider the entanglement thermodynamic first law, calculate the entanglement temperature, and confirm that it is inversely proportional to the size of the entangling region.
Periodic orbit analysis for a delayed model of malicious signal transmission in wireless sensor networks with discontinuous control

This paper employs a discontinuous temporary immunity control to obtain the periodic orbit for a class of delayed malicious signal transmission model in wireless sensor networks under the framework of differential inclusion. The positivity and boundedness of the solution for the discontinuous system is proved first. Then, by using the Kakutani's fixed point theorem of set‐valued maps, the existence of a periodic orbit is obtained under some assumptions and constraints. Furthermore, the globally exponentially stable ω$$ \omega $$ ‐periodic orbit is investigated using the Lyapunov functional method. The obtained results can help us better understand the dynamic characteristics of discontinuous delayed systems and have direct applications to the wireless sensor networks for guaranteeing fast response to malicious signals. Finally, the numerical simulations of three examples are given to validate the correctness of the theoretical results.
RADIATIVE AND KINETIC FEEDBACK BY LOW-MASS PRIMORDIAL STARS

Ionizing UV radiation and supernova (SN) flows amidst clustered minihalos at high redshift regulated the rise of the first stellar populations in the universe. Previous studies have addressed the effects of very massive primordial stars on the collapse of nearby halos into new stars, but the absence of the odd–even nucleosynthetic signature of pair-instability SNe in ancient metal-poor stars suggests that Population III stars may have been less than 100 M☉. We extend our earlier survey of local UV feedback on star formation to 25–80 M☉ stars and include kinetic feedback by SNe for 25–40 M☉ stars. We find radiative feedback to be relatively uniform over this mass range, primarily because the larger fluxes of more massive stars are offset by their shorter lifetimes. Our models demonstrate that prior to the rise of global UV backgrounds, Lyman–Werner (LW) photons from nearby stars cannot prevent halos from forming new stars. These calculations also reveal that violent dynamical instabilities can erupt in the UV radiation front enveloping a primordial halo, but that they ultimately have no effect on the formation of a star. Finally, our simulations suggest that relic H ii regions surrounding partially evaporated halos may expel LW backgrounds at lower redshifts, allowing stars to form that were previously suppressed. We provide fits to radiative and kinetic feedback on star formation for use in both semianalytic models and numerical simulations.
The two-nucleon problem in EFT reformulated: Pion and nucleon masses as soft and hard scales

We outline the modified formulation of baryon chiral effective field theory for nucleon-nucleon scattering and discuss the issue of a possible power counting violation by the nucleon mass. We also present the results for the quark mass dependence of the $^1S_0$ and $^3S_1$ scattering lengths and the deuteron binding energy at leading order.
Make dark matter charged again

We revisit constraints on dark matter that is charged under a U(1) gauge group in the dark sector, decoupled from Standard Model forces. We find that the strongest constraints in the literature are subject to a number of mitigating factors. For instance, the naive dark matter thermalization timescale in halos is corrected by saturation effects that slow down isotropization for modest ellipticities. The weakened bounds uncover interesting parameter space, making models with weak-scale charged dark matter viable, even with electromagnetic strength interaction. This also leads to the intriguing possibility that dark matter self-interactions within small dwarf galaxies are extremely large, a relatively unexplored regime in current simulations. Such strong interactions suppress heat transfer over scales larger than the dark matter mean free path, inducing a dynamical cutoff length scale above which the system appears to have only feeble interactions. These effects must be taken into account to assess the viability of darkly-charged dark matter. Future analyses and measurements should probe a promising region of parameter space for this model.
Slack-Aware Packet Approximation for Energy-Efficient Network-on-Chips

Network-on-Chips (NoCs) are the standard on-chip communication fabrics for connecting cores, caches, and memory controllers in multi/many-core systems. With the increase in communication load introduced by emerging parallel computing applications, on-chip communication is becoming more costly than computation in terms of energy consumption. This paper contributes to existing research on approximate communication by proposing a slack-aware packet approximation technique to reduce the energy consumed by NoCs for sustainable parallel computation. The proposed approximation technique lowers both the execution time and NoC power consumption by reducing the packet size based on slack. The slack is the number of cycles by which a packet can be delayed in the network with no effect on execution time. Thus, low-slack packets are considered critical to system performance, and prioritizing these packets during the transmission will significantly reduce execution time. The proposed technique includes a slack-aware control policy to identify low-slack packets and accelerates these packets using two packet approximation mechanisms, namely, an in-network approximation (INAP) and a network interface approximation (NIAP). INAP mechanism prioritizes low-slack packets during the arbitration phase of the router by approximating packets with high-slack. NIAP mechanism reduces the latency of the network links and switch traversals by truncating data for the low-slack packets. An approximate network interface and router are implemented to support the proposed technique with lightweight packet approximation hardware for lower power consumption and execution time. Cycle-accurate simulations using the AxBench and PARSEC benchmark suites show that the proposed approximate communication technique achieves reductions of up to 24% in execution time and 38% in energy consumption with 1.1% less accuracy loss on average compared to existing approximate communication techniques.
Topology of Magnetic and Velocity Fields at Kinetic Scales in Incompressible Plasma Turbulence

The topology of the magnetic and velocity fields at the kinetic scales are investigated in the context of nearly incompressible magnetosheath plasma turbulence. Using the unprecedented high‐resolution data from the Magnetospheric MultiScale mission, the joint probability distribution functions of geometrical invariants characterizing the magnetic and velocity fields gradient tensor at the kinetic scales are computed. The topological features of the magnetic and velocity field gradient tensors and their symmetric component tensors present axisymmetric distribution patterns, indicating that the structure of the plasma turbulence at the kinetic scales are different from those in hydrodynamic and magnetohydrodynamic turbulence. Moreover, a strong correlation between the straining and rotational parts of the magnetic and velocity field gradient tensors was found, which manifests the dominance of sheet‐like structures at the kinetic‐scales dissipation in incompressible plasma turbulence.
Discovery of an unusual bright eclipsing binary with the longest known period: TYC 2505-672-1 / MASTER OT J095310.04+335352.8

We report on the MASTER Global Robotic Net discovery of an eclipsing binary, MASTER OT J095310.04+335352.8, previously known as unremarkable star TYC 2505-672-1, which displays extreme orbital parameters. The orbital period P=69.1 yr is more than 2.5 times longer than that of epsilon-Aurigae, which is the previous record holder. The light curve is characterized by an extremely deep total eclipse with a depth of more than 4.5 mag, which is symmetrically shaped and has a total duration of 3.5 yrs. The eclipse is essentially gray. The spectra acquired with the Russian 6 m BTA telescope both at minimum and maximum light mainly correspond to an M0-1III--type red giant, but the spectra taken at the bottom of eclipse show small traces of a sufficiently hot source. The observed properties of this system can be better explained as the red giant eclipsed by a large cloud (the disk) of small particles surrounding the invisible secondary companion.
Modeling mass independent of anisotropy

Abstract By manipulating the spherical Jeans equation, Wolf et al. (2010) show that the mass enclosed within the 3D deprojected half-light radius r1/2 can be determined with only mild assumptions about the spatial variation of the stellar velocity dispersion anisotropy as long as the projected velocity dispersion profile is fairly flat near the half-light radius, as is typically observed. They find M1/2 = 3 G−1 〈σ2los〉 r1/2 ≃ 4 G−1 〈σ2los〉 Re, where 〈σ2los〉 is the luminosity-weighted square of the line-of-sight velocity dispersion and Re is the 2D projected half-light radius. This finding can be used to show that all of the Milky Way dwarf spheroidal galaxies (MW dSphs) are consistent with having formed within a halo of mass approximately 3 × 109 M⊙, assuming a ΛCDM cosmology. In addition, the dynamical I-band mass-to-light ratio ϒI1/2 vs. M1/2 relation for dispersion-supported galaxies follows a U-shape, with a broad minimum near ϒI1/2 ≃ 3 that spans dwarf elliptical galaxies to normal ellipticals, a steep rise to ϒI1/2 ≃ 3,200 for ultra-faint dSphs, and a more shallow rise to ϒI1/2 ≃ 800 for galaxy cluster spheroids.
Meditation and Irritable Bowel Syndrome, a Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Mind-body interventions have shown efficacy in many conditions that have psychosomatic mechanisms, as well as for other pathologies. The aim of this study was to assess the effectiveness of meditation/mindfulness at improving the symptoms severity, quality of life and other associated mood and mental conditions, measured in patients with irritable bowel syndrome (IBS). A systematic review of randomized controlled trials in adult participants with IBS was conducted. Eight databases were searched for articles. We performed a meta-analysis evaluating the effects of meditation-based therapy on symptomatology, quality of life, anxiety and depression. Out of 604 articles screened, six were selected for quantitative review. The standardized mean difference (SMD) of the mindfulness group and the control group was of −36.95 (95% CI −74.61–0.7), p = 0.054 regarding the IBS symptom score; of 12.58 (95% CI 4.42–20.74), p = 0.003 regarding the IBS quality of life; SMD = 2.8 (95% CI 1.01–4.6), p = 0.002 for spiritual scale; and of 15.49 (95% CI −28.43–−2.55), p = 0.019 regarding the pain score in IBS. Our study found that the quality of life and the spiritual scale scores (i.e., mindful awareness) were statistically significantly higher in the mindfulness group, while the pain score was statistically significantly lower in the mindfulness group.
Comptonization of photons near the photosphere of relativistic outflows

We consider the formation of photon spectrum at the photosphere of ultrarelativistically expanding outflow. We use the Fokker-Planck approximation to the Boltzmann equation, and obtain the generalized Kompaneets equation which takes into account anisotropic distribution of photons developed near the photosphere. This equation is solved numerically for relativistic steady wind and the observed spectrum is found in agreement with previous studies. We also study the photospheric emission for different temperature dependences on radius in such outflows. In particular, we found that for $T\propto r^{-2}$ the Band low energy photon index of the observed spectrum is $\alpha\simeq -1$, as typically observed in Gamma Ray Bursts.