Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The demographics of pelvic floor disorders: current observations and future projections.

OBJECTIVE Our aim was to assess current demand for care of pelvic floor disorders and create projections for future demand for care. We also sought to better understand the characteristics of women seeking care. STUDY DESIGN Current demand for care was calculated by comparing those women seeking care through the female pelvic floor disorders clinic with those women of the same age range at risk within an integrated health care delivery program. Patients underwent complete urogynecologic evaluation including cystometry. Women seeking care were compared with regard to age, distribution of conditions (pelvic organ prolapse, stress conditions, urge conditions), and probability of undergoing surgery. Modeling the study population by use of data from the US Census Bureau, which projects population changes over the next 30 years, created predictions of future demand. RESULTS Data were available on 2070 consecutive patients with an age range of 30 to 89 years normally distributed around a median age of 61.5 years drawn from an at-risk population of 149,000 women aged 30 to 89 years. Older women generated more consults per 1000 woman years than did the younger cohorts (1.7 vs 18.6 consults per 1000 woman years for those 30-39 years old vs those 70-79 years old; P <.05). Estimates of growth in demand at 30 years indicate a 45% increase in demand while net growth of the same population segment should be 22%. Stress conditions were more common among younger women and urge conditions were more common among older women. Pelvic organ prolapse was equally distributed throughout the age ranges. CONCLUSIONS Over the next 30 years, growth in demand for services to care for female pelvic floor disorders will increase at twice the rate of growth of the same population. Demand for care for pelvic floor disorders comes from a wide age range of women, although mature age groups generate 10 times the number of consults per 1000 woman years as do their younger counterparts. Age plays a major role in the distribution of conditions with which patients present. These findings have broad implications for those responsible for administering programs to care for women, allocating research funds in women's health and geriatrics, and training physicians to meet this rapidly escalating demand.
Challenge and creativity: using .NET gadgeteer in schools

This paper reports on a study carried out in secondary schools in the UK with students learning to use . NET Gadgeteer, a rapid prototyping platform for building small electronic devices [32]. A case study methodology has been used. Some of the students involved in this four-month-long project had some prior background in computer programming whereas for others this was completely new. The teaching materials provided a two-phase model of learning: an instruction phase followed by a creative phase, the latter utilising a bricolage approach to learning programming [30]. The aim of the pilot was to generate an interest in building devices and stimulate creativity. The research found that the tangible nature of the . NET Gadgeteer modules helped to engage the students in becoming creative, and that students valued challenges with which they were not usually presented within the curriculum.
Olfactory Marker Protein Expression Is an Indicator of Olfactory Receptor-Associated Events in Non-Olfactory Tissues

Olfactory receptor (OR)-associated events are mediated by well-conserved components in the olfactory epithelium, including olfactory G-protein (Golf), adenylate cyclase III (ACIII), and olfactory marker protein (OMP). The expression of ORs has recently been observed in non-olfactory tissues where they are involved in monitoring extracellular chemical cues. The large number of OR genes and their sequence similarities illustrate the need to find an effective and simple way to detect non-olfactory OR-associated events. In addition, expression profiles and physiological functions of ORs in non-olfactory tissues are largely unknown. To overcome limitations associated with using OR as a target protein, this study used OMP with Golf and ACIII as targets to screen for potential OR-mediated sensing systems in non-olfactory tissues. Here, we show using western blotting, real-time PCR, and single as well as double immunoassays that ORs and OR-associated proteins are co-expressed in diverse tissues. The results of immunohistochemical analyses showed OMP (+) cells in mouse heart and in the following cells using the corresponding marker proteins c-kit, keratin 14, calcitonin, and GFAP in mouse tissues: interstitial cells of Cajal of the bladder, medullary thymic epithelial cells of the thymus, parafollicular cells of the thyroid, and Leydig cells of the testis. The expression of ORs in OMP (+) tissues was analyzed using a refined microarray analysis and validated with RT-PCR and real-time PCR. Three ORs (olfr544, olfr558, and olfr1386) were expressed in the OMP (+) cells of the bladder and thyroid as shown using a co-immunostaining method. Together, these results suggest that OMP is involved in the OR-mediated signal transduction cascade with olfactory canonical signaling components between the nervous and endocrine systems. The results further demonstrate that OMP immunohistochemical analysis is a useful tool for identifying expression of ORs, suggesting OMP expression is an indicator of potential OR-mediated chemoreception in non-olfactory systems.
Internal representation of task structure and mental load of work: approaches and methods of assessment.

Abstract A survey is presented of research designed to elucidate problems of mental load in industrial work, using both laboratory experiments and field studies, and examining relationships between the mental demands of jobs and changes during a working spell of various indices of performance and of subjective and physiological effects. An initial enunciation of general principles stresses the importance of internal models, strategies and goals in the organisation of work activities. This is followed by brief accounts of four experimental studies. Of these, one showed that the effects of load are multidimensional, a second gave evidence of shifts of aspiration and motivation, a third illustrated the value of adequate internal models as a means of preventing fatigue, and a fourth indicated that job enrichment which increases the mental demands made by industrial work need not produce undue mental load.
A novel perspective on stereophonic acoustic echo cancellation

The stereophonic acoustic echo is due to the coupling between two loudspeakers and two microphones. In the classical approach, this configuration is modelled by a two-input/two-output system with real random variables. In this paper, we propose to redesign this scheme as a single-input/single-output system with complex random variables. In this framework, we illustrate the behavior of some basic adaptive algorithms and present a distortion method which is more suitable for this model.
Privatizing Education with the Public's Purse: An Analysis of the 2012 Georgia Constitutional Amendment on Charter Schools

Charter schools have recently become a hot topic of debate in the United States. For parents who cannot afford private schooling or moving to another school district, charter schools seem to be an attractive option. These schools, which are often argued to outperform traditional schools, offer an alternative path to public education which allows teachers more flexibility to employ innovative strategies in the classroom. In order to expedite the creation of such schools, Republicans in the Georgia General Assembly called for the amending of the Georgia Constitution which would allow the state to approve charters by circumventing the publicly elected local school board. This study analyzes the more recent political history of the Commission, the debate surrounding the amendment, and ultimately the vote itself for Amendment 1. INDEX WORDS: Georgia politics, Charter schools, Ballot propositions, Voting behavior
MZT1 regulates microtubule nucleation by linking γTuRC assembly to adapter-mediated targeting and activation

ABSTRACT Regulation of the γ-tubulin ring complex (γTuRC) through targeting and activation restricts nucleation of microtubules to microtubule-organizing centers (MTOCs), aiding in the assembly of ordered microtubule arrays. However, the mechanistic basis of this important regulation remains poorly understood. Here, we show that, in human cells, γTuRC integrity, determined by the presence of γ-tubulin complex proteins (GCPs; also known as TUBGCPs) 2–6, is a prerequisite for interaction with the targeting factor NEDD1, impacting on essentially all γ-tubulin-dependent functions. Recognition of γTuRC integrity is mediated by MZT1, which binds not only to the GCP3 subunit as previously shown, but cooperatively also to other GCPs through a conserved hydrophobic motif present in the N-termini of GCP2, GCP3, GCP5 and GCP6. MZT1 knockdown causes severe cellular defects under conditions that leave γTuRC intact, suggesting that the essential function of MZT1 is not in γTuRC assembly. Instead, MZT1 specifically binds fully assembled γTuRC to enable interaction with NEDD1 for targeting, and with the CM1 domain of CDK5RAP2 for stimulating nucleation activity. Thus, MZT1 is a ‘priming factor’ for γTuRC that allows spatial regulation of nucleation. Highlighted Article: In human cells, integrity of the microtubule nucleator γTuRC is crucial for γ-tubulin-dependent functions and is monitored by MZT1 to enable interaction with other factors necessary for spatial regulation of nucleation.
Towards an integrated methodological framework for understanding embodiment in HCI

The third wave in HCI reveals how embodiment matters in post-WIMP computing systems. Yet it is still unclear what methods provide effective insight into the nature of embodiment in HCI in relation to both design and use. This paper presents work in progress on MIDAS, a cross-disciplinary methodological research project on embodiment and technology exploring synergies across the fields of Digital Arts and Social Sciences. We argue that exploiting these synergies can contribute towards an integrated, innovative and progressive framework for understanding digital body interactions. We introduce the 5 ongoing case studies that inform MIDAS, outline the project's use of multimodal ethnography, and discuss two emerging themes: "conceptualising the body" and "the sensory", which will contribute to a methodological framework for informing future design, analysis and evaluation of HCI systems.
Power-aware routing based on the energy drain rate for mobile ad hoc networks

Mobile ad hoc networks' (MANETs) inherent power limitation makes power-awareness a critical requirement for MANET protocols. We propose a new routing metric, the drain rate, which predicts the lifetime of a node as a function of current traffic conditions. We describe the minimum drain rate (MDR) mechanism which uses a combination of the drain rate with remaining battery capacity to establish routes. MDR can be employed by any existing MANET routing protocol to achieve a dual goal: extend both nodal battery life and connection lifetime. Using the ns-2 simulator and the dynamic source routing (DSR) protocol, we compared MDR to the minimum total transmission power routing (MTPR) scheme and the min-max battery cost routing (MM-BCR) scheme and proved that MDR is the best approach to achieve the dual goal.
Sexually Transmitted Infections and Increased Risk of Co-infection with Human Immunodeficiency Virus

Abstract The incidence of trichomoniasis (Trichomonas vaginalis) in the United States is estimated at 5 million cases annually; chlamydia (Chlamydia trachomatis) at 3 million; gonorrhea (Neisseria gonorrhoeae), 650,000; and syphilis (Treponema pallidum), 70,000. However, most sexually transmitted infections (STIs) are asymptomatic—contributing to underdiagnosis estimated at 50% or more. Diagnosis of an STI signals sexual health risk because an STI facilitates the transmission and acquisition of other STIs, including human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). In fact, comorbid STIs increase patients' susceptibility of acquiring and transmitting HIV by two- to fivefold. Several studies have shown that aggressive STI prevention, testing, and treatment reduces the transmission of HIV. The authors discuss common clinical presentations, screening, diagnosis, and treatment for trichomoniasis, chlamydia, gonorrhea, syphilis, and herpes simplex virus.
GENETIC DIVERGENCE UNDER UNIFORM SELECTION. I. SIMILARITY AMONG POPULATIONS OF DROSOPHILA MELANOGASTER IN THEIR RESPONSES TO ARTIFICIAL SELECTION FOR MODIFIERS OF ciD

The fossil record contains examples of striking parallels in the evolution of closely related taxa. These episodes of parallel evolution generally have been interpreted as the product of very similar selection pressures acting on closely related lineages. But parallel evolution has never been construed to be an allele-forallele identity of response among lineages; it has long been realized that identical selection pressures do not guarantee identical responses to selection (Gulick, 1872; Wright, 1931). Indeed, conspecific populations of numerous species of animals and plants have diverged under similar selection pressures for a large variety of physiological, biochemical, and morphological characters (reviewed in Cohan, 1984). For instance, different populations of the spider mite Tetranychus urticae have responded to selection for organophosphate resistance by alternative mechanisms: a New York population has responded by detoxifying the poison, while a European population has altered its neural sensitivity to organophosphates (Matsumura and Voss, 1964). Other examples include diverse responses to selection for heavy metal tolerance among different mine populations of Mimulus guttatus (Macnair, 1976), multiple responses to selection for malaria resistance among different populations of Homo sapiens (Luzzatto and Testa, 1978; Luzzatto, 1979), and many more.
On motion-sensor behavior analysis for human-activity recognition via smartphones

A wealth of sensors on smartphones has greatly facilitated people's life, which may also provide great potential for accurate human activity recognition. This paper presents an empirical study of analyzing the behavioral characteristics of smartphone inertial sensors for human activity recognition. The rationale behind is that different human activities would cause different levels of posture and motion change of smartphone. In this work, an Android application was run as a background job to monitor data of motion sensors. Sensory data from motion sensors (mainly including accelerometer and gyroscope data) were analyzed to extracted time-, frequency-, and wavelet-domain features for accurate and fine-grained characterization of human activities. Classification technique were applied to build both personalized model and generalized model for discriminating five daily human activities: going downstairs, going upstairs, walking, running, and jumping. Analyses conducted on 18 subjects showed that these human activities can be accurately recognized from smartphone-sensor behavior, with recognition rates expressed by the area under the ROC curve ranging from 84.97% to 90.65%. We also discuss a number of avenues for additional research to advance the state of the art in this area.
Facet development during platinum nanocube growth

Watching platinum nanocube growth Size and shape drive the properties of metal nanoparticles. Understanding the factors that affect their growth is central to making use of the particles in a range of applications. Liao et al. tracked the growth of platinum nanoparticle shapes at high resolution using state-of-the-art liquid cells for in situ monitoring inside an electron microscope. The authors tracked changes in the growth rates at different crystal facets caused by differences in the mobility of the capping ligand. Science, this issue p. 916 Observation of atomic facet development during platinum nanocube growth reveals shape control. An understanding of how facets of a nanocrystal develop is critical for controlling nanocrystal shape and designing novel functional materials. However, the atomic pathways of nanocrystal facet development are mostly unknown because of the lack of direct observation. We report the imaging of platinum nanocube growth in a liquid cell using transmission electron microscopy with high spatial and temporal resolution. The growth rates of all low index facets are similar until the {100} facets stop growth. The continuous growth of the rest facets leads to a nanocube. Our calculation shows that the much lower ligand mobility on the {100} facets is responsible for the arresting of {100} growing facets. These findings shed light on nanocrystal shape-control mechanisms and future design of nanomaterials.
Topological modeling of brain functioning

in this paper, topological parameters are considered, since topology gives the initial meaning to the structure of networks. A technique is proposed that allows determining the key topological characteristics of networks and giving them quantitative and qualitative estimates. To determine the direction of development of structures, a principle has been developed that is capable of recording all the diversification and “multidimensionality” of integral systems of reality. On examples of the functioning of consciousness, the existence of the studied topological structures in the human brain shown.
Two Routes of Metabolic Cross-Feeding between Bifidobacterium adolescentis and Butyrate-Producing Anaerobes from the Human Gut

ABSTRACT Dietary carbohydrates have the potential to influence diverse functional groups of bacteria within the human large intestine. Of 12 Bifidobacterium strains of human gut origin from seven species tested, four grew in pure culture on starch and nine on fructo-oligosaccharides. The potential for metabolic cross-feeding between Bifidobacterium adolescentis and lactate-utilizing, butyrate-producing Firmicute bacteria related to Eubacterium hallii and Anaerostipes caccae was investigated in vitro. E. hallii L2-7 and A. caccae L1-92 failed to grow on starch in pure culture, but in coculture with B. adolescentis L2-32 butyrate was formed, indicating cross-feeding of metabolites to the lactate utilizers. Studies with [13C]lactate confirmed carbon flow from lactate, via acetyl coenzyme A, to butyrate both in pure cultures of E. hallii and in cocultures with B. adolescentis. Similar results were obtained in cocultures involving B. adolescentis DSM 20083 with fructo-oligosaccharides as the substrate. Butyrate formation was also stimulated, however, in cocultures of B. adolescentis L2-32 grown on starch or fructo-oligosaccharides with Roseburia sp. strain A2-183, which produces butyrate but does not utilize lactate. This is probably a consequence of the release by B. adolescentis of oligosaccharides that are available to Roseburia sp. strain A2-183. We conclude that two distinct mechanisms of metabolic cross-feeding between B. adolescentis and butyrate-forming bacteria may operate in gut ecosystems, one due to consumption of fermentation end products (lactate and acetate) and the other due to cross-feeding of partial breakdown products from complex substrates.
Impact of Extreme Weather on Power System Blackouts and Forced Outages : New Challenges

This paper focuses on the impact of extreme weather on power system outages. Extreme weather condition impacts of interest are listed, including both direct and consequential events. Their impact on power system outages are discussed, concerning both blackouts and component failure. Prospects for estimating weather condition impacts on the frequency of blackouts and on equipment and system failures are assessed, and a suggestion of the potential research areas is presented. Index Term-extreme weather, power system, blackout, component failure
Infinitesimal 1-parameter subgroups and cohomology

This is the first of two papers in which we determine the spectrum of the cohomology algebra of infinitesimal group schemes over a field k of characteristic p > 0. Whereas [SFB] is concerned with detection of cohomology classes, the present paper introduces the graded algebra k[Vr(G)] of functions on the scheme of infinitesimal 1-parameter subgroups of height < r on an affine group scheme G and demonstrates that this algebra is essentially a retract of H" (G, k) provided that G is an infinitesimal group scheme of height <Kr. This work is a continuation of [F-S] in which the existence of certain universal extension classes was established, thereby enabling the proof of finite generation of H* (G, k) for any finite group scheme G over k. The role of the scheme of infinitesimal 1-parameter subgroups of G was foreshadowed in [F-P] where H* (G(1), k) was shown to be isomorphic to the coordinate algebra of the scheme of p-nilpotent elements of g = Lie(G) for G a smooth reductive group, G(1) the first Frobenius kernel of G, and p = char(k) sufficiently large. Indeed, p-nilpotent elements of g correspond precisely to infinitesimal 1-parameter subgroups of G(1). Much of our effort in this present paper involves the analysis of the restriction of the universal extension classes to infinitesimal 1-parameter subgroups. In ? 1, we construct the affine scheme Vr(G) of homomorphisms from Ga(r) to G which we call the scheme of infinitesimal 1-parameter subgroups of height < r in G. In the special case r = 1, this is the scheme of p-nilpotent elements of the p-restricted Lie algebra Lie(G); for various classical groups G, Vr(G) is the scheme of r-tuples of p-nilpotent, pairwise commuting elements of Lie(G). More generally, an embedding G c GLn determines a closed embedding of Vr(G) into the scheme of r-tuples of p-nilpotent, pairwise commuting elements of gl1 = Lie(GLn). The relationship between k[Vr (G)], the coordinate algebra of Vr (G), and H* (G, k) is introduced in Theorem 1.14: a natural homomorphism of graded k-algebras
Prototyping a Collaborative CAD System by Taking Advantage of Software Reuse and a Software Bus Framework

BART, a software bus, was designed to provide flexibility in the development of software systems by promoting component independence. This framework allows components to be constructed independent of the context in which they are to be used, thereby allowing them to be reused in many different situations. Our experience using BART to prototype a system that supports group collaboration between people residing in geographically different places demonstrated the feasibility of this approach. We were able to connect a number of existing components with little effort in a surprisingly short time. In this paper, we discuss the role BART played in supporting the integration of software components and in enabling us to rapidly prototype a shared-space collaboration system.