Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Relating Sentiment Expressed by Financial Twitter Accounts and Financial Index Price Movement

We apply sentiment analysis to correlate price movement for two financial indices with sentiment expressed on Twitter by a select group of 93 influential financial users. We gathered close prices for the VIX and SPX indices for one month from March through April 2020 during the early stage of the COVID-19 pandemic in the U.S. as schools and businesses shut down. Tweets were also gathered during this period, although there is a large gap in collected tweets of about two weeks. We examine correlations based on five temporal resolutions from 60 minutes to 1440, which is equivalently one day. We also used temporal offsets to analyze the correlation between relatively future price movements and current tweet sentiment. We discovered that there are small correlations suggesting Twitter sentiment may be correlated with future VIX movement.
'Defined_by' Relation as Structuring Principle of Terminologies

We present an innovative strategy for the study and modelling of core scientific terminologies. Our approach is non-taxonomic and relies on semantic embedding of Terms in lexicographic definitions – ‘defined_by’ rather than ‘is_a’ relations – to identify the underlying terminological systems of sciences. It is demonstrated on the core terminology of (general) chemistry as modelled in Lexical Systems where terminologies are fully embedded within a model of the corresponding general language.
Coreference Resolution to Improve Data Quality in the Logs of Daily Operations: Restoring Missing Links Between Problem and Solution Records

This thesis contributes to a larger project of the solution recommender system, i.e., given a problem description, a system suggests solutions based on previously solved similar problems. To learn correct solution suggestions presupposes that the data quality of the database is high enough for such a model to learn the correct solution suggestions. As a database, the log files from daily operations in the processing industry in the German language are used. This thesis uses coreference resolution on the level of sentences and paragraphs to improve the data quality of such log files, i.e., to restore missing links between problems and solutions. Two diverse state-of-the-art models for coreference resolution are evaluated, selected, and adjusted: 1) the feature-driven neural network by Clark and Manning ([13, 14]) and 2) the transformer-based neural model for CDCR by Caciularu et al. [7]. The results prove that the coreference resolution definition is applicable to the current domain problem. The best-performing model is the implemented transformer-based PR-CDLM (problemsolution cross-document language model) with domain-specific additional features (CoNLL F1 = 76.7). The combination of the transformer architecture with additional features demonstrates a significant advantage over pure transformer-based models (CoNLL F1 = 68.6), and over pure feature-based models (CoNLL F1 = 55.8).
Atmospheric Turbulence Observations in the Vicinity of Surface Fires in Forested Environments

AbstractAmbient and fire-induced atmospheric turbulence in the vicinity of wildland fires can affect the behavior of those fires and the dispersion of smoke. The presence of forest overstory vegetation can further complicate the evolution of local turbulence regimes and their interaction with spreading fires and smoke plumes. Previous observational studies of wildland fire events in forested environments have shown that turbulence energy and anisotropy in the vicinity of spreading line fires exhibit temporal and spatial variability influenced by the presence of overstory vegetation. This study builds on those previous observational studies to further examine turbulence regimes during two wildland fires in forested environments, with an emphasis on the effects of forest canopies on turbulence energy budgets, the skewness in turbulent velocity distributions, and stability–anisotropy variations before, during, and after fire-front-passage periods. Analyses indicate that turbulence anisotropy tends to persist.
AN APPLICATION OF DOUBLE-SCALE METHOD TO THE STUDY OF NON-LINEAR DISSIPATIVE WAVES IN JEFFREYS MEDIA

In previous papers we sketched out the general use of the doublescale method to nonlinear hyperbolic partial dierential equations (PDEs) in order to study the asymptotic waves and as an example the model governing the motion of a rheological medium (Maxwell medium) with one mechanical internal variable was studied. In this paper the double scale method is applied to investigate non-linear dissipative waves in viscoanelastic media without memory of order one (Jereys media), that were studied by one of the authors (L. R.) in more classical way. For these media the equations of motion include second order derivative terms multiplied by a very small parameter. We give a physical interpretation of the new (fast) variable, related to the surfaces across which the solutions or/and some of their derivatives vary steeply. The paper concludes with one-dimensional application containing original results.
The effect of using bomb calorimeter in improving science process skills of physics students

The bomb calorimeter is laboratory equipment which serves to calculate the value of combustion heat or heat capacity of a sample in excess oxygen combustion. This study aims to determine the effect of using bomb calorimeter on science process skill of physics students. Influences include the effectiveness of using the equipment and knowing the improvement of students’ science process skills before and after using tools. The sample used simple random sampling with one group pretest-posttest research design. The instrument that used is written test that adjusts with science process skills aspect. Analysis of the effectiveness of bomb calorimeter showed useful result 87.88%, while the study of science skill improvement showed n-gain value 0.64 that is the medium category.
Applications of Mathematics

To study the asymptotic properties of entropy estimates, we use a unified expression, called the H12 h,v -entropy. Asymptotic distributions for these statistics are given in several cases when maximum likelihood estimators are considered, so they can be used to construct confidence intervals and to test statistical hypotheses based on one or more samples. These results can also be applied to multinomial populations.
Audiological Management of Cogan's Syndrome

Cogan’s syndrome (CS) is a rare immune-mediated disorder resulting in sensorineural hearing loss, ocular symptoms, and other systemic symptoms. This article prepares the audiologist to evaluate and treat the hearing loss seen in patients with CS. Previously published research in the medical literature is reviewed. Results of a retrospective chart review are presented along with four representative case studies. These serve to illustrate the variability of audiometric conﬁgurations and treatment options, which include corticosteroids, hearing aids, and cochlear implants. Audiologists play a pivotal role in the patient’s medical team, which may include neuro-otologists, ophthalmologists, internists, rheumatologists, and other professionals as needed. It is especially important for audiologists to recognize the signs of CS and make prompt recommendations for medical intervention.
Verb Sense Disambiguation

This thesis addresses the problem of Verb Sense Disambiguation (VSD) in European Portuguese. Verb Sense Disambiguation is a sub-problem of the Word Sense Disambiguation (WSD) problem, that tries to identify in which sense a polissemic word is used in a given sentence. Thus a sense inventory for each word (or lemma) must be used. For the VSD problem, this sense inventory consisted in a lexiconsyntactic classification of the most frequent verbs in European Portuguese (ViPEr). Two approaches to VSD were considered. The first, rule-based, approach makes use of the lexical, syntactic and semantic descriptions of the verb senses present in ViPEr to determine the meaning of a verb. The second approach uses machine learning with a set of features commonly used in the WSD problem to determine the correct meaning of the target verb. Both approaches were tested in several scenarios to determine the impact of different features and different combinations of methods. The baseline accuracy of 84%, resulting from the most frequent sense for each verb lemma, was both surprisingly high and hard to surpass. Still, both approaches provided some improvement over this value. The best combination of the two techniques and the baseline yielded an accuracy of 87.2%, a gain of 3.2% above the baseline. Palavras Chave Keywords
A finite element method for light activated shape‐memory polymers

Shape‐memory polymers (SMPs) belong to a class of smart materials that have shown promise for a wide range of applications. They are characterized by their ability to maintain a temporary deformed shape and return to an original parent permanent shape. In this paper, we consider the coupled photomechanical behavior of light activated shape‐memory polymers (LASMPs), focusing on the numerical aspects for finite element simulations at the engineering scale. The photomechanical continuum framework is summarized, and some specific constitutive equations for LASMPs are described. Numerical implementation of the multiphysics governing partial differential equations takes the form of a user defined element subroutine within the commercial software package ABAQUS. We verify our two‐dimensional and three‐dimensional finite element procedure for multiple analytically tractable cases. To show the robustness of the numerical implementation, simulations are performed under various geometries and complex photomechanical loading. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Water wave overwash of a step

Water wave overwash of a step by small steepness, regular incident waves is analysed using a computational fluid dynamics (CFD) model and a mathematical model, in two spatial dimensions. The CFD model is based on the two-phase, incompressible Navier–Stokes equations, and the mathematical model is based on the coupled potential-flow and nonlinear shallow-water theories. The CFD model is shown to predict vortices, breaking and overturning in the region where overwash is generated, and that the overwash develops into fast-travelling bores. The mathematical model is shown to predict bore heights and velocities that agree with the CFD model, despite neglecting the complicated dynamics where the overwash is generated. Evidence is provided to explain the agreement in terms of the underlying agreement of mass and energy fluxes.
Carotid Intervention 1: Who Should Be Treated?

Stroke is a major cause of morbidity and mortality in the modern world. Carotid artery atheromatous disease is responsible for a significant number of these events. The effects of carotid artery disease may be prevented by appropriate treatment. All patients with known atheromatous disease should be treated with medical therapy. Despite this, some patients remain at high risk of stroke, which may be reduced by the selective use of additional therapies such as carotid endarterectomy or carotid stenting. Patients who have had recent neurological symptoms, attributable to their carotid disease, may benefit most from these additional treatments, particularly if the treatment is performed soon after the event. The operation needs to be performed with low complication rates. Some groups of patients who have been free of neurological symptoms may also benefit from these additional therapies, but these patients have a much lower inherent risk of stroke, and so the potential benefits are less. In such circumstances it is even more important that the operations are performed with minimal morbidity. Patients undergoing coronary artery bypass grafts, who also have carotid disease, are at elevated risk of stroke, and it is common practice to treat both conditions. There is no strong data to support this practice.
Alcoholic Liver Disease and Methionine Metabolism

Alcoholic liver disease is a major health care problem worldwide. Findings have demonstrated that ethanol feeding impairs several of the multiple steps in methionine metabolism that leads to progressive liver injury. Ethanol consumption has been reported to predominantly inhibit the activity of a vital cellular enzyme, methionine synthase, involved in remethylating homocysteine. By way of compensation in some species, ethanol can also increase the activity of the enzyme, betaine homocysteine methyltransferase. This enzyme catalyzes an alternate pathway in methionine metabolism and utilizes hepatic betaine to remethylate homocysteine to form methionine and maintain levels of S-adenosylmethionine, the key methylating agent. Under extended periods of ethanol feeding, however, this alternate pathway cannot be maintained. This results in a decrease in the hepatocyte level of S-adenosylmethionine and increases in two toxic metabolites, S-adenosylhomocysteine and homocysteine. These changes in the various metabolites of methionine metabolism, in turn, result in serious functional consequences. These include decreases in essential methylation reactions by inhibiting various methyltransferases critical to normal functioning of the liver and upregulation of the activation of endoplasmic reticulum-dependent apoptosis and lipid synthetic pathways. The ultimate outcome of these consequences is increased fat deposition, increased apoptosis, accumulation of damaged proteins, and alterations in various signaling pathways, all of which can ultimately result in progressive liver damage.
Making a Case for Classroom Listening Assessment

Emphasis on classroom listening has gained importance for all children and especially for those with hearing loss and special listening needs. The rationale can be supported from reports on educational placements, the Response to Intervention initiative, student performance and accountability, the role of audition in reading, and improvement in hearing technologies. As a result, the audiologist must take a primary role in advocating for the accom-modations that are necessary for effective listening for these children in school. To identify individual listening needs and make relevant recommendations for accommodations, a classroom listening assessment is suggested. Components of the classroom listening assessment include observation, behavioral assessment, self-assessment, and classroom acoustics measurements. Together with a strong rationale, the results can be used to implement a plan that results in effective classroom listening for these children.
Testing models of stellar structure and evolution - I. Comparison with detached eclipsing binaries

We present the results of an analysis aimed at testing the accuracy and precision of the PARSEC v1.2S library of stellar evolution models, in a Bayesian framework, to infer stellar parameters. We mainly employ the online DEBCat catalogue by Southworth, a compilation of detached eclipsing binary systems with published measurements of masses and radii to ∼ 2 per cent precision. We select a sample of 318 binary components, with masses between 0.10 and 14.5 M⊙, at distances between 1.3 pc and ∼ 8 kpc for Galactic objects and ∼ 44–68 kpc for extragalactic ones. The Bayesian analysis applied takes as input effective temperature, radius, and [Fe/H], and their uncertainties, returning theoretical predictions for other stellar parameters. From the comparison with dynamical masses, we conclude that the inferred masses are precisely derived for stars on the main-sequence and in the core-helium-burning phase, with uncertainties of 4 per cent and 7 per cent, respectively, on average. Masses for subgiants and red giants are predicted within 14 per cent, and those for early asymptotic giant branch stars within 24 per cent. These results are helpful to further improve the models, in particular for advanced evolutionary stages for which our understanding is limited. We obtain distances and ages for the binary systems and compare them, whenever possible, with precise literature estimates, finding excellent agreement. We discuss evolutionary effects and challenges for inferring stellar ages from evolutionary models. We also provide useful polynomial fittings to theoretical zero-age main-sequence relationships.
Phylogenetic Dirichlet-multinomial model for microbiome data

In this paper we introduce the phylogenetic Dirichlet-multinomial (PhyloDM) model for investigating cross-group differences in microbiome compositions. Traditional Dirichlet-Multinomial (DM) models ignore species relatedness, leading to loss in efficiency and to results that are difficult to interpret. PhyloDM solves these issues by replacing the global model with a cascade of independent local DMs on the internal nodes of the phylogenetic tree. Each of the local DMs captures the count distributions of a certain number of operational taxonomic units (OTU) at a given resolution. Since distributional differences tend to occur in clusters along evolutionary lineages, we design a scan statistic over the phylogenetic tree to allow nodes to borrow signal strength from their parents and children. We also derive a formula to bound the tail probability of the scan statistic, and verify its accuracy through simulations. The PhyloDM model is applied to the American Gut dataset to identify taxa associated with diet habits. Empirical studies performed on this dataset show that PhyloDM achieves a significantly better fit, and has higher testing power than DM.
Percutaneous Cholecystostomy

Image-guided percutaneous cholecystostomy (PC) has become established as a safe and effective procedure in critically ill patients with acute cholecystitis. The ease and safety of PC have lowered the threshold for performing this procedure in complex, critically ill patients with sepsis. Patients with acute cholecystitis usually respond within 24 hours, and lack of response may allow exclusion of the gallbladder as the source of sepsis if the catheter is functioning appropriately.
Ototoxicity Monitoring: Program Approaches and Considerations

Therapeutic treatment with ototoxic medications can result in irreversible auditory and/or vestibular dysfunction. Ototoxicity is increasing, partly due to escalating rates of cancer and infection that require treatment with these medications. The resultant hearing disabilities can have severe communicative, vocational and ﬁnancial consequences, particularly in individuals with pretreatment hearing loss. This guideline will facilitate the implementation of an ototoxicity monitoring program designed to detect signs of ototoxic damage, providing the opportunity for intervention to minimize further damage. Early detection and monitoring of ototoxicity as standards of care will reduce the impact of ototoxic-induced hearing loss, ultimately improving treatment options for patients and preserving posttreatment quality of life.
Emerging Local Ablation Techniques

Local ablation technologies for hepatic malignancy have developed rapidly in the past decade, with advances in several percutaneous or externally delivered treatment methods including radiofrequency ablation, microwave ablation, laser ablation, and high-intensity focused ultrasound. Research has focused on increasing the size of the ablation zone and minimizing heat-sink effects. More recent developments include improvements in treatment planning and navigation with integration of several imaging modalities, as well as automated delivery of the ablation through robotics. These improvements will allow increased consistency in treatment delivery and will facilitate translation to the community setting. Combination therapies with multimodality guidance are on the cutting edge of image-guided, minimally invasive cancer therapies. Local ablation is being combined with regional therapies, such as arterial chemoembolization and local activation of systemically administered drugs, with promising results. Potential combinations with local ablation also include external radiation therapy and antitumor immune modulation. Image-guided oncology is emerging as an important part of the interventional radiology practice, thanks in part to the innovation and imaging background that lies at the roots of our discipline.
Cochlear Implant Candidacy in Children with Autism

Cochlear implant candidacy and follow-up for children with autism have important differences to consider when compared with children without cognitive disabilities. This article describes how general cochlear implant candidacy is modiﬁed when considering a child who may be or is diagnosed with autism. Speciﬁcally, age of implantation, language modality and therapy, and parental expectations are addressed in the context of cochlear implant candidacy. The article also describes postimplant management issues in children with autism, including the need for cochlear implant team collaboration with outside schools and therapies, and use of objective measures for cochlear implant programming and processor settings. The article describes three case examples: two of children with autism who received implants, and one for whom implantation was not recommended.
Immunologic Mechanisms of Alcoholic Liver Injury

Clinically, the association of alcoholic liver disease (ALD) with circulating auto-antibodies, hypergammaglobulinemia, antibodies to unique hepatic proteins, and cytotoxic lymphocytes reacting against autologous hepatocytes strongly suggests altered immune regulation with an increased activity toward normal self-proteins (loss of tolerance). Experimentally, there are several immune responses generated speciﬁcally recognizing self-proteins that are modiﬁed by metabolites of alcohol. These data strongly suggest that immune reactions may play a signiﬁcant role in inducing and sustaining an inﬂammatory cascade of tissue damage to the liver. Additional support for this comes from the observation that the histological appearance of livers with ALD is that of a chronic active hepatitis-like inﬂammatory disease. Therefore, the hypothesis that immune mechanisms are involved in recurrent alcoholic hepatitis, although not summarily proven, is reasonable, supported by clinical and experimental evidence, and the subject of this article.
The Use of Digit Triplets to Evaluate Word-Recognition Abilities in Multitalker Babble

The purpose of this study was to examine the feasibility of using digit triplets in multitalker babble as a paradigm to measure the ability of patients to understand speech in background noise. Nine digits (one to ten, excluding seven) were randomized into triplet sets and embedded in multi-talker babble at 6-to (cid:1) 20-dB signal-to-babble (S/B) ratios. Recognition performances by 24 listeners with normal hearing and 48 listeners with sensorineural hearing loss were measured for the digit triplets and for monosyllabic words both in multitalker babble presented at 80-dB SPL. There was essentially no overlap between the distributions of performances by the two groups of listeners on either of the materials. For both groups of listeners, the difference between performances on the materials at the 50% point was approximately 18 dB. Both the word and digit materials