Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
40 MHz Swept-Source Optical Coherence Tomography at 1060 nm Using a Time-Stretch and Supercontinuum Spectral Broadening Dynamics

We present an akinetically swept light source based on a spectrally broadened mode-locked laser in all normal dispersion optical fiber followed by a linear dispersive time stretch and a regenerative amplification stage. Developed for ultrafast swept-source optical coherence tomography (SS-OCT), the source enables the demonstration of A-scan rate at 40 MHz with a 12 μm axial resolution. Through A-scans captured from a fast-moving object, we demonstrate that high-speed OCT is possible at 1 μm wavelength in an architecture which is not intrinsically bandwidth limited. The source therefore shows a promising route to achieving high axial resolution in high-speed swept-source OCT.
VR SIMULATION TESTBED: IMPROVING SURFACE TELEROBOTICS FOR THE DEEP SPACE

Introduction: Developing new capabilities for surface telerobotics represents a complex, multifaceted problem that typically requires significant time and resource investment. In this work, we describe the design of a virtual reality (VR) simulation testbed for prototyping surface telerobotics that may reduce such barriers and enable more rapid and iterative development processes. This testbed enables exploration into the design of robot autonomy algorithms and new interfaces that support ground control, and/or crew operation (teleoperation and/or supervisory control) of surface robots from the Deep Space Gateway (DSG) to significantly improve critical NASA lunar exploration missions. Virtual Reality Immersive Simulation: We have constructed a Virtual Reality (VR) simulator with a multiphysics engine core to provide a real-time and robust physics-based environmental model. A VR headmounted display (HMD) allows users to utilize immersive first-person control of the robot to simulate teleoperation of the robot on the lunar surface from the DSG (Figure 1). This work will be extended to create a highfidelity testbed with realistic terrain, authentic rovers, and state-of-the-art planning and control interfaces. Environment and Terrain: Lunar topography will be simulated with high-resolution synthetic terrain modeled after the actual surface of the moon. NASA’s Resource Prospector Group has provided our team with a synthetic digital elevation model (DEM) with authentic terrain features such as crater density and distribution, elevation deltas, etc. (Figure 2). Surface optical properties like specularity, reflectivity, albedo, skymap, etc., will be simulated to give a feel of limitation for autonomous Simultaneous Localization, and Mapping (SLAM) algorithms. Rover-terrain interactions will be modeled to provide realistic slip and skid.
The Relationship of Family Functioning and Suicidal Ideation among Adolescents: The Mediating Role of Defeat and the Moderating Role of Meaning in Life

Objective: To investigate the relationship between family functioning and suicidal ideation among adolescents. Method: A total of 4515 junior and senior high school students were assessed using the Family APGAR, the Depressive Symptom Index-Suicidality Subscale, the Defeat Scale, and the Chinese Meaning in Life Questionnaire. Results: This study found pairwise correlations between suicidal ideation, family functioning, defeat, and meaning in life. Specifically, family functioning was an influencing factor of adolescent suicidal ideation, and defeat was a mediator of the relationship between family functioning and adolescent suicidal ideation; meaning in life was found to be a moderator of the first half of the mediation process by defeat, that is, it moderated the influence of family functioning on adolescent defeat. Conclusions: This study demonstrated that the relationship between family functioning and adolescent suicidal ideation, as well as the influence of defeat and meaning in life on this relationship, constituted a moderated intermediary model. This finding has both theoretical and practical value for the implementation of a psychosocial model of adolescent suicide prevention and intervention.
Evolution of Rift Architecture and Fault Linkage During Continental Rifting: Investigating the Effects of Tectonics and Surface Processes Using Lithosphere‐Scale 3D Coupled Numerical Models

Continental rifts grow by propagation, overlap and linkage of individual fault segments. These processes are influenced by erosion and sedimentation and generate complex three‐dimensional fault‐interaction patterns. We use a 3D thermo‐mechanical model of lithosphere deformation coupled with surface processes to investigate the coupling between erosion and tectonics, fault interaction and rift linkage, and evaluate the respective characteristics of crustal strength, inherited structures and erosional efficiency. We find that (a) weaker crust limits interactions between individual rift segments, (b) inherited structures are a major control for fault overlap and linkage except if they are too far apart and prevent interaction, and (c) efficient surface processes prolong fault activity, increase accommodated offset and in doing so, limit fault segment propagation and interactions. From these individual feedbacks, we identify five types of characteristic rift architectures: (a) for strong crust and intermediate erosional efficiency, fault segments link and form a horst between the propagating rifts. (b) Decreasing notch offset leads to segmentation of the central horst. (c) In case of reduced crustal strength no fault linkage occurs and a continuous central horst is promoted. (d) If inherited structures are too far apart, irrespective of crustal strength and erosional efficiency, rift basins do not link and a wide plateau‐like horst forms between the propagating rifts. (e) In case of efficient erosion, fault linkage is achieved by the formation of strike‐slip faults connecting the individual rift segments. Several of these simulated rift architectures can be identified in the western branch of the East African Rift.
Can optical proximity correction solution be learned? The learning limit and a general learning framework

Abstract. Background Optical proximity correction (OPC) is an indispensable technology that has been propelling the advancement of computational lithography technology. To tightly control edge placement error (EPE) and maintain lithography process window, the demands on OPC computational resources and OPC turnaround time are growing rapidly with alarming acceleration. To tame the trend, machine learning technologies have been explored; however, an in-depth discussion on OPC solution learning limit is still lacking. Aim We aim to present an in-depth discussion on OPC solution learning limit and propose a general machine learning OPC framework that can be extended to curvilinear mask OPC technology. Approach In this study, we first investigate the machine learning OPC learning limit by examining noninverse lithography technology (non-ILT) OPC solution space characteristics inherited from edge segmentation and control point setting rules and then propose a general machine learning OPC framework that can take full advantage of deep convolution neural network (DCNN) learning capability while being able to preserve mask data high resolution. Results With this machine learning OPC framework, we have achieved models with average absolute model error <1 nm for 14-nm metal layer. With single GPU, the average time for machine learning OPC models to produce results of 3840 nm × 3840 nm area is 8.74 ms for single channel input model and 12.65 ms for six channels input model. Conclusions For non-ILT OPC solution, there is an intrinsic learning limit inherited from edge segmentation rules. Machine learning OPC models should be content with learning low order OPC solutions. This intrinsic learning limit of non-ILT OPC solution may diminish for ILT OPC solution when the constraint on degrees of freedom of OPC solution is lifted. The machine learning OPC framework we proposed is general and extendable to curvilinear OPC technology.
UAV-Assisted Satellite-Terrestrial Secure Communication Using Large-Scale Antenna Array With One-Bit ADCs/DACs

Unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) equipped with large-scale antenna array constitutes a promising relaying candidate for reliable and secure satellite-terrestrial communication. Due to the limitation of energy consumption, a novel UAV architecture with one-bit analog-to-digital converters (ADCs) and one-bit digital-to-analog converters (DACs) is proposed firstly. Leveraging the additive quantization noise model, the exact closed-form expressions of both ergodic capacity and ergodic achievable secrecy rate are derived for UAV-assisted satellite-terrestrial communication systems using large-scale antenna array with one-bit ADCs/DACs. To enhance the transmission capacity and combat the eavesdropper simultaneously, maximum-ratio combining (MRC) is used by UAV to receive signals from satellite and location-based beamforming (LBB) is adopted by UAV to forward signals to destination, where the beamformer is optimized based on the derived expression of the ergodic achievable secrecy rate. Simulation results validate the accuracy of our analytical ergodic achievable secrecy rate, and demonstrate that our proposed MRC/LBB scheme has better secrecy rate than its conventional location-based counterpart.
The Role of Membrane Affinity and Binding Modes in Alpha-Synuclein Regulation of Vesicle Release and Trafficking

Alpha-synuclein is a presynaptic protein linked to Parkinson’s disease with a poorly characterized physiological role in regulating the synaptic vesicle cycle. Using RBL-2H3 cells as a model system, we earlier reported that wild-type alpha-synuclein can act as both an inhibitor and a potentiator of stimulated exocytosis in a concentration-dependent manner. The inhibitory function is constitutive and depends on membrane binding by the helix-2 region of the lipid-binding domain, while potentiation becomes apparent only at high concentrations. Using structural and functional characterization of conformationally selective mutants via a combination of spectroscopic and cellular assays, we show here that binding affinity for isolated vesicles similar in size to synaptic vesicles is a primary determinant of alpha-synuclein-mediated potentiation of vesicle release. Inhibition of release is sensitive to changes in the region linking the helix-1 and helix-2 regions of the N-terminal lipid-binding domain and may require some degree of coupling between these regions. Potentiation of release likely occurs as a result of alpha-synuclein interactions with undocked vesicles isolated away from the active zone in internal pools. Consistent with this, we observe that alpha-synuclein can disperse vesicles from in vitro clusters organized by condensates of the presynaptic protein synapsin-1.
Assessing Methods for College Football Rankings

With the advent of the Bowl Championship Series (BCS) much emphasis has been placed on ranking teams. We consider several mathematical methods for ranking college football teams based on point differential including least squares with fixed or mixed effects. We also consider the use of modifications such as truncating or censoring (such as Harville's method) the result to adjust for the possibility of teams running up the score. We assess the predictive performance of these models using leave-one-out cross validation. The methods and analyses are applied to all major NCAA football data from 1930-2007.
Social Support and Symptoms of Depression in Late Life: Bidirectional Associations over Time

Social support functions as an effective buffer against depression, especially among older adults with limited social networks. For the current study, we examined longitudinal bidirectional associations between social support and depression among those 75+ years of age. We recruited and followed a sample of Israeli adults 75+ years of age (N = 824; M = 80.84; range 75–96 years). Structured interviews were conducted in the homes of participants at three annual points of measurement. Participants reported depressive symptoms and emotional and instrumental support received from friends and family. We examined a cross-lagged, longitudinal structural equation model (SEM) in which social support and depressive symptoms predict each other over time, covarying for previously reported social support and depressive symptoms. We found that both depressive symptoms and social support are largely consistent in late life. Depressive symptoms and social support reported at baseline predict levels reported 1 and 2 years thereafter. Cross-over effects emerged over time. Depressive symptoms predicted lower social support in future, and social support at baseline predicted depressive symptoms 2 years later. These findings suggest that associations between depressive symptoms and social support are bidirectional in late life. Further research is needed to replicate findings in other cultures and over longer periods, ideally until end of life.
Longitudinal Associations of Adherence to the Dietary World Cancer Research Fund/American Institute for Cancer Research (WCRF/AICR) and Dutch Healthy Diet (DHD) Recommendations with Plasma Kynurenines in Colorectal Cancer Survivors after Treatment

The tryptophan-kynurenine pathway has been linked to cancer aetiology and survivorship, and diet potentially affects metabolites of this pathway, but evidence to date is scarce. Among 247 stage I-III CRC survivors, repeated measurements were performed at 6 weeks, 6 months, and 1 year post-treatment. Adherence to the World Cancer Research Fund/ American Institute for Cancer Research (WCRF) and Dutch Healthy Diet (DHD) recommendations was operationalized using seven-day dietary records. Plasma kynurenines of nine metabolites were analysed. Longitudinal associations of adherence to these dietary patterns and plasma kynurenines were analysed using confounder-adjusted linear mixed-models. In general, higher adherence to the dietary WCRF/AICR and DHD recommendations was associated with lower concentrations of kynurenines with pro-oxidative, pro-inflammatory, and neurotoxic properties (3-hydroxykynurenine (HK) and quinolinic acid (QA)), and higher concentrations of kynurenines with anti-oxidative, anti-inflammatory, and neuroprotective properties (kynurenic acid (KA) and picolinic acid (Pic)), but associations were weak and not statistically significant. Statistically significant positive associations between individual recommendations and kynurenines were observed for: nuts with kynurenic-acid-to-quinolinic-acid ratio (KA/QA); alcohol with KA/QA, KA, and xanthurenic acid (XA); red meat with XA; and cheese with XA. Statistically significant inverse associations were observed for: nuts with kynurenine-to-tryptophan ratio (KTR) and hydroxykynurenine ratio; alcohol with KTR; red meat with 3-hydroxyanthranilic-to-3-hydroxykynurenine ratio; ultra-processed foods with XA and KA/QA; and sweetened beverages with KA/QA. Our findings suggest that CRC survivors might benefit from adhering to the dietary WCRF and DHD recommendations in the first year after treatment, as higher adherence to these dietary patterns is generally, but weakly associated with more favourable concentrations of kynurenines and their ratios. These results need to be validated in other studies.
Estimate of the optical noise of binary phase elements

We have suggested a statistical approach for estimation of the optical noise of correlation field of two classes of random binary phase elements (BPE): the random orthogonal BPE with mixed elements and the random orthogonal BPE with mixed rows and columns. We have constructed the statistical distributions of correlation coefficients; on their basis we have calculated analytically the ensemble averages of the intensity of the random BPE autocorrelation field and its square-mean fluctuations. We have reported the results of numerical computations of the averaged values of intensity of autocorrelation field and its fluctuations according to the exact formulas; we have shown that these results are in a good agreement with the results obtained with the help of analytical formulas. We have obtained the analytical expressions for estimation of the optical notice in the plane of autocorrelation field of different types of random BPE.
Application of model‐free LQG subspace predictive control to TCP congestion control

We investigate the application of a model‐free linear quadratic Gaussian (LQG) subspace‐based predictive controller to Internet congestion control. Specifically, we consider a classically designed LQG linear congestion controller with a non‐standard performance index and determine whether a model‐free controller is a viable alternative in this instance. We employ the model‐free subspace predictive controller methodology which we customize for end‐to‐end transmission control protocol (TCP) congestion control. A series of network simulations support the use of the more easily implementable model‐free controller over its classical analogue. We further demonstrate that the model‐free controller provides increased stability under transient network conditions when compared with the first feedback congestion controller, TCP Vegas. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A biologically inspired silicon differential microphone with active Q control and optical sensing

A MEMS differential microphone is described in which the diaphragm design is inspired by the mechanics of directional hearing in the fly Ormia ochracea. The 1 mm by 3 mm diaphragm is designed to rotate about a central pivot in response to sound pressure gradients. The diaphragm is designed to have its dominant resonance mode within the audible frequency range and to have as little viscous damping as possible (to minimize the effects of thermal noise). The motion of the diaphragm is detected using an optical sensing scheme that includes a semiconductor laser (VCSEL), photodetectors, a mirror, and a diffraction grating. To minimize the adverse effects of the light damping on the response, an active feedback system is implemented to achieve active Q control. This uses the output of the optical detection scheme to drive the diaphragm through a capacitive actuator. The microphone and optoelectronics are packaged into an assembly that can be incorporated into a mock behind-the-ear hearing aid. The microphone is shown to achieve a noise floor that is approximately 17 dBA lower than what can be achieved using a pair of existing low noise hearing aid microphones to create a directional hearing aid.
Decreased Haemoglobin Level Measured at Admission Predicts Long Term Mortality after the First Episode of Acute Pulmonary Embolism

Background: Decreased hemoglobin concentration was reported to predict long term prognosis in patients various cardiovascular diseases including congestive heart failure and coronary artery disease. We hypothesized that hemoglobin levels may be useful for post discharge prognostication after the first episode of acute pulmonary embolism. Therefore, the aim of the current study was to evaluate a potential prognostic value of a decreased hemoglobin levels measured at admission due to the first episode of acute PE for post discharge all cause mortality during at least 2 years follow up. Methods: This was a prospective, single-center, follow-up, observational, cohort study of consecutive survivors of the first PE episode. Patients were managed according to ESC current guidelines. After the discharge, all PE survivors were followed for at least 24 months in our outpatient clinic. Results: During 2 years follow-up from the group of 402 consecutive PE survivors 29 (7.2%) patients died. Non-survivors were older than survivors 81 years (40–93) vs. 63 years (18–97) p < 0.001 presented higher sPESI 2 (0–4) vs. 1 (0–5), p < 0.001 driven by a higher frequency of neoplasms (37.9% vs. 16.6%, p < 0.001); and had lower hemoglobin (Hb) level at admission 11.7 g/dL (6–14.8) vs. 13.1 g/dL (3.1–19.3), p < 0.001. Multivariable analysis showed that only Hb and age significantly predicted all cause post-discharge mortality. ROC analysis for all cause mortality showed AUC for hemoglobin 0.688 (95% CI 0.782–0.594), p < 0.001; and for age 0.735 (95% CI 0.651–0.819) p < 0.001. A group of 59 subjects with hemoglobin < 10.5 g/dL showed mortality rate of 16.9% (OR for mortality 4.19 (95% CI 1.82–9.65), p-value < 0.00, while among 79 patients with Hb > 14.3 g/dL only one death was detected. Interestingly, patients in age > 64 years hemoglobin levels < 13.2 g/dL compared to patients in the same age but with >13.2 g/dL showed OR 3.6 with 95% CI 1.3–10.1 p = 0.012 for death after the discharge. Conclusions: Lower haemoglobin measured in the acute phase especially in patients in age above 64 years showed significant impact on the prognosis and clinical outcomes in PE survivors.
Near-Infrared and Ultraviolet Spectrophotometry of Symbiotic Novae

In this paper we present an atlas of near-infrared spectrophotometry of symbiotic novae and report results from nearly contemporaneous IUE observations. The data cover RT Ser, AG Peg, V1016 Cyg, V1329 Cyg, HM Sge, and Pu Vul, most of the known symbiotic novae that are observable from the northern hemisphere. Emission-line strengths for both spectral regions are tabulated. Extinction values are derived from He II λ1640 in the UV and He II λ10124 in the infrared. Spectral types are determined for the cool giant component using infrared absorption features. The extinction and apparent J (1.25 μm) magnitude measured from the spectrophotometry are combined with the known relation between spectral type and absolute magnitude to derive distances for each system.
Using upper bounds on attainable discrimination to select discrete valued features

Selection of features that will permit accurate pattern classification is, in general, a difficult task. However, if a particular data set is represented by discrete valued features, it becomes possible to determine empirically the contribution that each feature makes to the discrimination between classes. We describe how to calculate the maximum discrimination possible in a two alternative forced choice decision problem, when discrete valued features are used to represent a given data set. (In this paper, we measure discrimination in terms of the area under the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve. ) Since this bound corresponds to the upper limit of classification achievable by any classifier (with that given data representation), we can use it to assess whether recognition errors are due to a lack of separability in the data or shortcomings in the classification technique. In comparison to the training and testing of artificial neural networks, the empirical bound on discrimination can be efficiently calculated, allowing an experimenter to decide whether subsequent development of neural network models is warranted. We extend the discrimination bound method so that we can estimate both the maximum and average discrimination we can expect on unseen test data. These estimation techniques are the basis of a backwards elimination algorithm that can be used to rank features in order of their discriminative power. We use two problems to demonstrate this feature selection process: classification of the Mushroom Database, and a real-world, pregnancy related medical risk prediction task-assessment of risk of perinatal death.