Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Exploring the mechanisms underpinning sweating: the development of a specialized ventilated capsule for use with intradermal microdialysis

Many studies have aimed to identify the controllers of sweating using ventilated capsules with intradermal microdialysis. It is unclear, however, if the surface area covered by the capsule influences the observed response as a result of differences in the number of sweat glands affected by the infused pharmacological agent relative to the total glands captured by the capsule. We evaluated the area of skin perfused with agents delivered via microdialysis. Thereafter, we developed a specialized sweat capsule (1.1 cm2) and compared the sweating response with a classic capsule (2.8 cm2). In Protocol 1 (n = 6), methacholine was delivered to forearm skin in a dose‐dependent manner (1–2000 mmol L−1). The area of activated sweat glands was assessed via the modified iodine‐paper technique. In Protocol 2 (n = 6), the area of inhibited sweat glands induced by ouabain and atropine was assessed during moderate‐intensity cycling. Marked variability in the affected skin area was observed (0.9 ± 0.4 to 5.2 ± 1.1 cm2). In Protocol 3 (n = 6), we compared the attenuation in local sweat rate (LSR) induced by atropine between the new and classic capsule during moderate‐intensity cycling. Atropine attenuated sweating as assessed using the new (control: 0.87 ± 0.23 mg min−1 cm−2 vs. atropine: 0.54 ± 0.22 mg min−1 cm−2; P < 0.01) and classic (control: 0.85 ± 0.33 mg min−1 cm−2 vs. atropine: 0.60 ± 0.26 mg min−1 cm−2; P = 0.05) capsule designs. Importantly, responses did not differ between capsule designs (P = 0.23). These findings provide critical information regarding the skin surface area perfused by microdialysis and suggest that use of a larger capsule does not alter the mechanistic insight into the sweating response gained when using microdialysis.
Vision-aided inertial navigation for pin-point landing on Mars

A vision-aided inertial navigation algorithm is proposed within an EKF framework for spacecraft precision entry, descent and landing on Mars. By combing vision information with inertial measurement, it can not only avoid error accumulation of the IMU dead reckoning, but also obtain accurate and robust sate estimation in a real-time and high rate fashion. A special procedure based on state augmentation is developed to account for the delays of image processing. The problem associated with the sparse measurement information during the descent terminal phase is addressed as well by processing the previously unknown features. Simulation results demonstrate that the proposed integrated navigation system can provide high-precision motion information required by the upcoming planetary exploration missions.
A Two-Dimensional Numerical Investigation of Transport of Malaria-Infected Red Blood Cells in Stenotic Microchannels

The malaria-infected red blood cells experience a significant decrease in cell deformability and increase in cell membrane adhesion. Blood hemodynamics in microvessels is significantly affected by the alteration of the mechanical property as well as the aggregation of parasitized red blood cells. In this study, we aim to numerically study the connection between cell-level mechanobiological properties of human red blood cells and related malaria disease state by investigating the transport of multiple red blood cell aggregates passing through microchannels with symmetric stenosis. Effects of stenosis magnitude, aggregation strength, and cell deformability on cell rheology and flow characteristics were studied by a two-dimensional model using the fictitious domain-immersed boundary method. The results indicated that the motion and dissociation of red blood cell aggregates were influenced by these factors and the flow resistance increases with the increase of aggregating strength and cell stiffness. Further, the roughness of the velocity profile was enhanced by cell aggregation, which considerably affected the blood flow characteristics. The study may assist us in understanding cellular-level mechanisms in disease development.
A Brief Overview of Amblyaudia

Amblyaudia, a recent subcategory of auditory processing disorder, is characterized by asymmetrical auditory processing of an individual’s ears. Amblyaudia can result in speech comprehension difficulties, reading difficulties, information processing deficits, and inattention. These difficulties can be mistakenly attributed to Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD), Specific Learning Disorders (SLD), depression, anxiety disorders, and communication disorders. Unfortunately, traditional hearing tests do not place the two ears in competition and cannot detect asymmetry. Therefore, students who exhibit these difficulties and have normal performance on traditional hearing tests should be also evaluated for amblyaudia with dichotic listening tests. Amblyaudia can be addressed through dichotic listening tasks that strengthen the non-dominant ear, as well as minor adjustments to the classroom environment. This paper will examine the current literature on amblyaudia and provide a brief overview of the causes, diagnosis, treatments, and prognosis.
The mutual influence of proteins from Varroa destructor extracts and from honeybee haemolymph on their proteolytic activity — in vitro study

The influence of extracts from Varroa destructor, a parasitic mite of the honeybee Apis mellifera, on the proteinase activity of worker bee haemolymph was analysed in vitro, along with the influence of bee haemolymph on the proteolytic activity of V. destructor extract. The study was conducted in three different environments: pH 7.5 (high activity of bee enzymes and very low activity of parasite enzymes), pH 5 (moderate activity of enzymes from both sources) and pH 3.5 (limited activity of bee proteinases and high activity of mite proteinases). Based on electrophoretic studies, the inhibition of the activity of bee haemolymph proteinases by V. destructor extracts was observed at each pH. The study at pH 7.5 with commercial inhibitors of the 4 main classes of proteinases (pepstatin A, ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA), E-64 (trans-epoxysuccinyl-L-leucylamido-(4-guanidino)-butane), soybean trypsin inhibitor and Kunitz inhibitor) suggested that parasite extracts mainly inhibited serine proteinases and, to a lower degree, cysteine and aspartyl proteinases. At pH 3.5 and pH 5, a decrease of approximately 40% in parasite proteinase activity was also observed in the presence of bee haemolymph. The result points to the presence of aspartyl proteinase inhibitors in bee haemolymph, which may be an important defence element for bees during food intake by a mite. It was demonstrated that trypsin and trypsin inhibitors are active in the excretion/secretion products of V. destructor, the proteinases of which may assist the parasite in food suckling by preventing haemolymph coagulation, among other things.
A HIERARCHICAL MODELING TECHNIQUE OF INDUSTRIAL PLANTS USING MULTIMODEL APPROACH

This study investigates the problem of design adequate models for non-linear large and complex plants with high uncertainties. A new hierarchical structure is considered that utilize soft computing methodologies to model the supervisor. The proposed approach is based on the combination of different modelling techniques within a hierarchical supervised structure that has the ability to model system behaviour under different operational circumstances. A Fuzzy Cognitive Map (FCM) is used to aggregate multiple models and to create a hybrid model based on the current operational conditions of the industrial process. The proposed methodology is applied to model and simulate the operation of an industrial plant.
Mathematical modelling of blood flow through a tapered overlapping stenosed artery with variable viscosity

This paper presents a theoretical study of blood flow through a tapered and overlapping stenosed artery under the action of an externally applied magnetic field. The fluid (blood) medium is assumed to be porous in nature. The variable viscosity of blood depending on hematocrit (percentage volume of erythrocytes) is taken into account in order to improve resemblance to the real situation. The governing equation for laminar, incompressible and Newtonian fluid subject to the boundary conditions is solved by using a well known Frobenius method. The analytical expressions for velocity component, volumetric flow rate, wall shear stress and pressure gradient are obtained. The numerical values are extracted from these analytical expressions and are presented graphically. It is observed that the influence of hematocrit, magnetic field and the shape of artery have important impact on the velocity profile, pressure gradient and wall shear stress. Moreover, the effect of primary stenosis on the secondary one has been significantly observed.
The Ndc80 complex bridges two Dam1 complex rings

Strong kinetochore-microtubule attachments are essential for faithful segregation of sister chromatids during mitosis. The Dam1 and Ndc80 complexes are the main microtubule binding components of the Saccharomyces cerevisiae kinetochore. Cooperation between these two complexes enhances kinetochore-microtubule coupling and is regulated by Aurora B kinase. We show that the Ndc80 complex can simultaneously bind and bridge across two Dam1 complex rings through a tripartite interaction, each component of which is regulated by Aurora B kinase. Mutations in any one of the Ndc80p interaction regions abrogates the Ndc80 complex’s ability to bind two Dam1 rings in vitro, and results in kinetochore biorientation and microtubule attachment defects in vivo. We also show that an extra-long Ndc80 complex, engineered to space the two Dam1 rings further apart, does not support growth. Taken together, our work suggests that each kinetochore in vivo contains two Dam1 rings and that proper spacing between the rings is vital. DOI: http://dx.doi. org/10.7554/eLife.21069. 001
An Effective P2P Collaborative Mode for Mobile Web Surfing

Mobile handheld devices, as small-screen, limited computing ability and capacity of storage, can not browse normal Web page comfortably. A new effective P2P collaborative mode for mobile Web surfing is proposed that mobile users can collaborative browse a normal rich Web page designed for PC. Firstly, a layered Web page adaptation engine is designed for the purpose that the engine can be deployed to mobile terminal devices in P2P collaborative system. Then a P2P collaborative deployment scheme is proposed so that the Web page adaptation engine can be deployed to each device of the system layer by layer. Moreover, a prototype system and its evaluation experiments have been implemented to verify the scheme and show its values in both technical and economical viewpoints. The scheme not only enlarges size of screen by assembling multiple small screens, but also enhances computing ability and capacity of storage of handheld devices by collaborative work mode.
Volatility: New Estimation Techniques for Pricing Derivatives

This text contains a single source of knowledge designed to resolve any question in the area of stochastic volatility. Over 30 articles are presented in seven sections, addressing issues from making GARCH work to the future of stochastic volatility option pricing research. Chapters cover such subjects as: modelling stochastic volatility; multivariate GARCH modelling ofasset returns; ARCH modelling in finance; the impact of firm specific news on implied volatilities; the informational content of implied volatility; and implied volatility skews and stock index skewness and Kurtosis implied by S&P 500 index option prices. The articles were selected and introduced by leading theoretician, Robert Jarrow.
Jigsaw Percolation on Erdos-Renyi Random Graphs

We extend the jigsaw percolation model to analyze graphs where both underlying people and puzzle graphs are Erd\H{o}s-R #x27;enyi random graphs. Let $p_{\text{ppl}}$ and $p_{\text{puz}}$ denote the probability that an edge exists in the respective people and puzzle graphs and define $p_{\text{eff}}= p_{\text{ppl}}p_{\text{puz}}$, the effective probability. We show for constants $c_1>1$ and $c_2> \pi^2/6$ and $c_3 c_1 \log n /n$ the critical effective probability $p^c_{\text{eff}}$, satisfies $c_3 < p^c_{\text{eff}}n\log n < c_2. $
Merit-infonomics Research Memorandum Series Does It Matter Where Patent Citations Come From? Inventor versus Examiner Citations in European Patents Does It Matter Where Patent Citations Come From? Inventor versus Examiner Citations in European Patents

This paper investigates whether the distinction between patent citations added by the inventor or the examiner is relevant for the issue of geographical concentration of knowledge flows (as embodied in citations). The distinction between inventor and examiner citations enables us to work with a more refined citation indicator of knowledge flows. We use information in the search reports of patent examiners at the European Patent Office to construct our dataset of regional patenting in Europe, and apply various econometric models to investigate our research question. The findings point to a significant localization effect of inventor citations, after controlling for various other factors, and hence suggest that knowledge flows are indeed geographically concentrated. This holds true also for a sub-sample of patents owned by 169 large multinational enterprises (MNEs). The results for the sample of MNEs suggest that multinational firms seek out specific regional knowledge specializations (and hence at least partly reinforce geographical concentration), but are also able to transfer knowledge "easier" over larger distances JEL Classification Numbers: O30, O34, F230. Acknowledgement: the authors would like to thank Aldo Geuna for helpful discussions and Gustavo Crespi and Joe Hilbe for advice on econometrics. The usual disclaimer applies.
The connection between mass loss and nucleosynthesis

I discuss the relationship between mass loss and nucleosynthesis on the Asymptotic Giant Branch (AGB). Because of thermal pulses and possibly other mixing processes, products of nucleosynthesis can be brought to the surface of AGB stars, increasingly so as the star becomes more luminous, cooler, and unstable against pulsation of its tenuous mantle. As a result, mass loss is at its most extreme when dredge-up is too. As the high rate of mass loss truncates AGB evolution, it determines the enrichment of interstellar space with the AGB nucleosynthesis products. The changing composition of the stellar atmosphere also affects the mass-loss process, most obviously in the formation of dust grains - which play an important role in driving the wind of AGB stars.
A TOA-Based Location Algorithm for NLOS Environments Using Quadratic Programming

Location of a source is of considerable interest in wireless sensor networks. A novel algorithm for source location by utilizing the time-of-arrival (TOA) measurements of a signal received at spatially separated sensors under non-line-of-sight (NLOS) environments is proposed. The algorithm is based on quadratic programming, which is a special type of mathematical optimization problem. Comparisons of performance with other algorithms are made, and Monte Carlo simulations are performed. Simulation results show that the proposed algorithm gives better results.
Approximate Nearest Neighbor Search for a Dataset of Normalized Vectors

This paper describes a novel algorithm for approximate nearest neighbor searching. For solving this problem especially in high dimensional spaces, one of the best-known algorithm is Locality-Sensitive Hashing (LSH). This paper presents a variant of the LSH algorithm that outperforms previously proposed methods when the dataset consists of vectors normalized to unit length, which is often the case in pattern recognition. The LSH scheme is based on a family of hash functions that preserves the locality of points. This paper points out that for our special case problem we can design efficient hash functions that map a point on the hypersphere into the closest vertex of the randomly rotated regular polytope. The computational analysis confirmed that the proposed method could improve the exponent ρ, the main indicator of the performance of the LSH algorithm. The practical experiments also supported the efficiency of our algorithm both in time and in space.
Comparison of Variance Estimators for the Consumer Price Index

Estimates of sampling errors are of importance for survey designers when allocating sample sizes, in production as a tool for output editing and for users of statistics in decision making. The use of two-dimensional designs with elements of non-probability sampling methods, annually updated samples and complex estimators creates problems when estima- ting sampling variances for CPI-statistics. In this paper the character of variation in price changes is studied by use of analysis of variance models with one locality and one item effect and an error corresponding to the selection of product offers. This yields valuable information for the sample allocation work. Variance estimators in analytical forms, expressed in schemes of resampling procedures and model based formulas are tested in a large simulation study. A random groups method is proposed. This method makes it possible to estimate the variance for complex functions of index links such as e.g. the annual change of quarterly average inflation rates.
Opportunistic Encryption Everywhere

Many of the core Internet protocols were designed for a less hostile network than the average packet finds itself in today. Many hosts are connecting over shared-key or open wireless networks where eavesdropping is trivial. On a larger scale, ISPs are experimenting with institutional sniffing where the clickstreams of the majority of users are observed and sold for their marketing value. Like the shift away from RSH and open mail relays, it’s our belief that all traffic should now be encrypted. As a practical matter this means opportunistic encryption, with all its complex trade-offs. In this paper, we explore these compromises and the design space of such a goal.
Urban Schools, Public Will: Making Education Work for All Our Children

In this important book, Norm Fruchter argues that our national failure to carry out the Brown mandate has produced segregated urban school systems that fail poor students of color. Drawing on a rich array of research and personal experience, he examines why urban districts have failed and what must be done to transform our city schools. He identifies urban districts as the key actors in this transformation and profiles three school districts that have achieved significant success in closing the achievement gap. He also identifies grassroots community organizing as a critical lever for provoking and supporting meaningful change in schools. This provocative book should be read by all educators, policymakers, parents, and civic activists committed to improving public education for all students. The book features: vignettes from the author's broad experience with public schooling - teacher, parent organizer, school board member, foundation grant-maker, evaluator, and researcher; an in-depth look at effective schools and the policies that support them; and, strategies used by grassroots campaigns to improve local schools and districts.
The technological theory of production and a method of decomposition of the rate of GDP in terms of labour and capital services

It is assumed that performance of production system can be described with the three variables: amount of production equipment -- capital stock $K$ and 'consumption' of labour L and capital services S. It is shown that the production function can be specified as the known Cobb- Douglas production function, in which capital services S stands instead of capital stock K, while the state of the production system itself is specified by the technological index 'alpha'. Capital stock plays the role of the means through which the labour resource is substituted by capital services. A method for estimating of capital services and the technological index due to known time series of the output Y, capital stock K and labour L is developed which allows one to separate contributions from production factors and structural change. Empirical evidence for the US economy is used to estimate the validity of the proposed theory.
Secured link quality, delay and energy aware routing protocol (SLQDEARP) for mobile Ad Hoc networks

Routing Optimization in mobile ad hoc networks along with secured transmission is an ever-demanding task. Mobile ad hoc networks are highly dynamic topology natured and hence several routing protocols meet the challenge of link quality, delay and energy conscious routing. This paper proposes a secured link quality, delay and energy conscious routing approach based on ant colony optimization. Based on the estimated link quality, delay and residual energy of the nearby nodes, Adaptive node stability (ANS) mechanism is mathematically modeled to make the routing strategy. SLQDEARP selects the efficient node based on the ANS mechanism and sends the data packets through that node. Ad-hoc security algorithms incorporated for making the transmission more secured. Simulation results show that SLQDEARP increases delay, energy consumption and packet delivery ratio than AODV and DECRP protocol due to security mechanism incorporated.
Logical Foundations of Fuzzy Mathematics Logick e z aklady fuzzy matematiky

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The Quest for CSR in Closedowns

This paper focuses on analysis of and suggestions for Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) orientation during the closedown process. The article addresses CSR considerations that adjust business strategies, which in turn change the Human Resource Management (HRM) focus. Our study focuses on four best practice cases in Sweden, which are compared with three reported cases in the literature. All four best practice cases had a long notice period and socially responsible coordination of management and employees, which created adjusted corporate strategies. Three cases had the CSR orientation in the earliest stage, while the fourth case had this coordination during a later stage of the closedown process. We develop a model where we show that the scope for action increases if the CSR orientation and coordination of actions come early in the closedown process, due to the increased ability to adjust the business strategy and create a plan for outreach HRM activities and local community activities.
The Political Economy of Iraq: Restoring Balance in a Post-Conflict Society

Contents: Preface 1. Iraq's Lost Decades 2. Population and Key Macroeconomic Variables 3. Health, Poverty and Education 4. Corruption 5. Political Stability and Economic Development 6. Oil and Gas 7. Agriculture and the Public Distribution System 8. Financial Intermediation 9. State Owned Enterprises 10. Entrepreneurship in Post-conflict Iraq 11. Infrastructure and Essential Services 12. International Trade and Finance 13. Fiscal, Monetary and Exchange Rate Policy 14. Iraq in 2025 Bibliography Index
Smartphone Security: Review of Challenges and Solution

Now a day's Smartphone has become most popular and dominant mobile device in this world for accessing internet resources. Smartphone is just like a minicomputer that created technological revolution after the internet. It is a portable electronic device with integrated functions like audio, video, Wi-Fi, GPS navigation, sensor, e-mail, web, camera and many more applications. However, due to poor access control policies and openness of android operating system it is necessary to study the challenges and prepare how to create a secure environment for mobile phones. In these days, security is the main issue for every Smartphone users. Authentication, confidentiality and integrity are three most desirable security features in a Smartphone. In this paper, mainly focus is on android attacks when user uses mobile phone and how to secure the data that transferred from android mobile phones.