Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Effects of a Near-Death Experience Learning Module on Grief

The researcher examined the effectiveness of a near-death experience (NDE) learning module on reducing distressing aspects and enhancing a growth aspect of grief among bereaved adults. Participants were 22 females and 2 males; 2 identified as African American, 3 as Asian, 2 as Latina/o, and 17 as White; aged 20 to 71 years with mean age 35.3 years. In this experimental design, the researcher randomly assigned 12 participants to the experimental group and 12 participants to the waitlist no treatment control group. Participants in the experimental group received the NDE learning module intervention, which consisted of 3 sessions over consecutive weeks. Six research questions were explored. A two-factor repeated measures analysis of variance was performed on five dependent variables to determine if the two groups performed differently across time according to the pretest and posttest results of the Despair, Panic Behavior, Personal Growth, Detachment, and Disorganization subscales of the Hogan Grief Reaction Checklist (HGRC). A one-way analysis of covariance was performed on one dependent variable to determine if the groups were statistically different according to the posttest results of the Blame and Anger subscale of the HGRC. Additionally, univariate eta squared was hand calculated to determine practical significance. Findings indicated that bereaved adults who participated in the NDE learning module showed small effect size for interaction on Panic Behavior (η2 = .05) and Personal Growth (η2 = .05), large effect size for interaction on Detachment (η2 = .15), large effect size for treatment type on Blame and Anger (η2 = .15), and negligible effect size for interaction on Despair (η2 .05), effect size findings indicated modest to substantial benefits of the NDE learning module intervention for bereaved adults in the form of decreased panic behavior, blame and anger, and detachment, and increased personal growth. Implications for further research beyond this initial investigation are discussed.
Arm durch Arbeitslosigkeit? Einkommensverluste und Armut im Kontext der Hartz-Reformen / The Effects of Unemployment on Poverty and Loss of Income in the Context of the German Hartz Reforms

Zusammenfassung Der Beitrag untersucht, ob sich das Risiko, durch Arbeitslosigkeit in Armut zu geraten, infolge der Hartz-Reformen vergrößert hat. Eine gestiegene Armutsquote in der Gruppe der Arbeitslosen im Zeitverlauf deutet darauf hin, dass Arbeitslosigkeit seit den Hartz-Reformen ein größeres Armutsrisiko zur Folge hat. Die hier durchgeführten Analysen auf Basis von Längsschnittdaten des Sozio-oekonomischen Panels (SOEP) für den Zeitraum von 2001 bis 2009 mithilfe von Fixed-Effects-Schätzern zeigen hingegen, dass Arbeitslosigkeit in den Jahren nach den Reformen nicht mit einem höheren Armutsrisiko verbunden ist. Zusätzliche Analysen des Einkommens zeigen sogar geringere Einkommensverluste bei Arbeitslosen nach den Reformen. Diese Ergebnisse sprechen dafür, dass die Erhöhung der Armutsquote unter Arbeitslosen aus einer veränderten Zusammensetzung der Gruppe der Arbeitslosen infolge der Reformen resultiert. Wird die Dauer der Arbeitslosigkeit berücksichtigt, zeigt sich in den Jahren nach den Reformen für Langzeitarbeitslose ein erhöhtes Armutsrisiko, doch die Einkommensverluste durch Arbeitslosigkeit fallen unabhängig von ihrer Dauer geringer aus als vor den Reformen. Summary This article explores the effect of unemployment on poverty and loss of income before and after the Hartz Reforms in Germany. There is some evidence that an increased poverty rate among the unemployed seems to have been caused by the reforms that included benefit cuts. Contrary to this perception, data from the German socio-economic panel (GSOEP) indicate no increase in poverty risk and, indeed, a decreasing loss of income among the unemployed in the course of the reforms when using fixed effects estimates. If the duration of unemployment is taken into account, analyses indicate a higher risk of poverty among people suffering long term unemployment after the introduction of reform. However, the loss of income associated with unemployment is lower irrespective of its duration
A Primer on Research in Mediated Environments: Reflections on Cybermethodology

Recent controversies surrounding the ethics of research on social networks have come at a time when social science research itself is undergoing somewhat of a transformation process. In this paper we consider how the changing technological environment has produced difficulties for lawmakers, and consequently moral decision-making. We attempt to differentiate between human and machine data, and furthermore to situate the researcher in cyberspace, a context which is necessarily both inter- and trans-disciplinary. Fundamentally, our purpose is to encourage scholars of this context to reflect on their biases and prejudices, both in terms of theory and method, prior to engaging in any research which has both a human and technological component.
Zebrafish vasa is required for germ‐cell differentiation and maintenance

Vasa is a universal marker of the germ line in animals, yet mutations disrupting vasa cause sexually dimorphic infertility, with impaired development of the ovary in some animals and the testis in others. The basis for this sexually dimorphic requirement for Vasa is not clear; in most animals examined, both the male and female gonad express vasa throughout the life of the germ line. Here we characterized a loss‐of‐function mutation disrupting zebrafish vasa. We show that maternally provided Vasa is stable through the first ten days of development in zebrafish, and thus likely fulfills any early roles for Vasa during germ‐line specification, migration, survival, and maintenance. Although zygotic Vasa is not essential for the development of juvenile gonads, vasa mutants develop exclusively as sterile males. Furthermore, phenotypes of vasa;p53 compound mutants are indistinguishable from those of vasa mutants, therefore the failure of vasa mutants to differentiate as females and to support germ‐cell development in the testis is not due to p53‐mediated apoptosis. Instead, we found that failure to progress beyond the pachytene stage of meiosis causes the loss of germ‐line stem cells, leaving empty somatic tubules. Our studies provide insight into the function of zebrafish vasa during female meiosis, differentiation, and maintenance of germ‐line stem cells. Mol. Reprod. Dev. 81: 946–961, 2014. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Probabilistic model of triangulation

This paper analyses the probability that randomly deployed sensor nodes triangulate any point within the target area. Its major result is the probability of triangulation for any point given the number of nodes lying up to a specific distance (2 units) from it, employing a graph representation where an edge exists between any two nodes close than 2 units from one another. The expected number of un-triangulated coverage holes, i.e. uncovered areas which cannot be triangulated by adjacent nodes, in a finite target area is derived. Simulation results corroborate the probabilistic analysis with low error, for any node density. These results will find applications in triangulation-based or trilateration-based pointing analysis, or any computational geometry application within the context of triangulation.
Abdominal abscess due to helminthoma of the ascending colon.

The hemoglobin was 10.6 g. per 100 ml. ; the leukocyte count was 13,200 with 2% eosinophils. Cysts of Giardia lamblia but no other ova were found in the stools. An intravenous pyelogram showed a normal urinary tract with some calcifica¬ tion overlying the lower pole of the right kidney. A barium enema and a complete gastrointestinal series suggested the presence of a mass anteriorly with displacement of small bowel loops to the left, but with no colonic displacement (Fig. 1). Chest radiograph and skeletal survey films were normal. The differential diagnosis considered was: (1) duplication of the ascending colon, (2) neuroblastoma, (3) appendiceal abscess, (4) ameboma and (5) oesophagostomal infestation with abscess formation. The latter diagnosis was considered preoperatively by one of us (D.G.M.)^ only because of a discussion with a surgeon recently returned from Uganda.1 At laparotomy through a transverse incision above the navel, a fluctuant mass about 7 cm. in diameter
Title : Efficiently Decodable Group Testing

The basic group testing problem is to identify the unknown set of " positive items " from a large population of " items " using as few " tests " as possible. A test is a subset of items. A test returns positive if there is a positive item in the subset. The semantics of " positives, " " items, " and " tests " depend on the application. In the original context [3], group testing was invented to solve the problem of identifying syphilis infected blood samples from a large collection of WWII draftees' blood samples. In this case, items are blood samples, which are positive if they are infected. A test is a pool (group) of blood samples. Testing a group of samples at a time will save resources if the test outcome is negative. On the other hand, if the test outcome is positive then all we know is that at least one sample in the pool is positive but we do not know which one(s). In non-adaptive combinatorial group testing (NACGT), we assume that the number of positives is at most d for some fixed integer d, and that all tests have to be specified in advance before any test outcome is known. The NACGT paradigm has found numerous applications in many areas of Mathematics, Computer Science, and Computational Biology [4; 9; 10]. A NACGT strategy with t tests on a universe of N items is represented by a t × N binary matrix M = (m ij), where m ij = 1 iff item j belongs to test i. Let M i and M j denote row i and column j of M, respectively. Abusing notation, we will also use M i (respectively, M j) to denote the set of rows (respectively, columns) corresponding
Regular Path Queries in Expressive Description Logics with Nominals

Reasoning over complex queries in the DLs underlying OWL 2 is of importance in several application domains. We provide decidability and (tight) upper bounds for the problem of checking entailment and containment of positive regular path queries under various combinations of constructs used in such expressive DLs; specifically: regular expressions and (safe) Booleans over roles, and allowing for the combination of any two constructs among inverse roles, qualified number restrictions, and nominals. Our results carry over also to the DLs of the SR family, and thus have a direct impact on OWL 2.
Hierarchy and Dynamics of Neural Networks

Hierarchy is a central feature in the organization of complex biological systems and particularly the structure and function of neural networks. While other aspects of brain connectivity such as regional specialization, modularity, or motif composition have already been discussed extensively (Sporns et al., 2004; Bullmore and Sporns, 2009), no comprehensive analysis has been presented so far on the role of hierarchy and its connection to brain dynamics. Nonetheless, recent discussions among many of our colleagues have shown an increasing interest in the subject of hierarchy. This topic is an emerging key question in neuroscience, as well as generally in the field of network science, due to its links with concepts of control, efficiency, and development across scales (Ravasz and Barabasi, 2003; Barthelemy et al., 2004; Breakspear and Stam, 2005; Zhou et al., 2006; Dehmer et al., 2008).
Judging the Immigrant: Accents and Attitudes

Spoken language as a means of communication contains huge amounts of information apart from the linguistic message that is conveyed. It is often the first channel of interaction between people and based on the speaker’s manner of talk, we create a mental image of the speaker as a person, of the speaker’s background, origin and personal qualities. Through five case studies, this dissertation investigates how immigrants to Sweden are judged based on their foreign accents (Cases 1—3) and how the use of an interpreter in court can affect the legal process and the judging of the immigrant (Cases 4—5). Case 1 investigated Swedish students’ attitudes towards immigration and immigrants through a survey-based study and revealed that Swedish students hold predominantly positive attitudes towards immigrations and immigrants. Case 2, using accent imitation, asked if Swedish speakers have a cognitive prototype for British English accented Swedish and found that this was the case. This demonstrated that Swedes have models of accented Swedish accents. Case 3 asked Swedish students to rate their impressions of speakers of nine foreign accented Swedish voices on 18 six-point semantic differential scales. They also rated their impressions of each voice for five social factors. The results suggest that the listeners evaluated the voices based on perceived social desirability, or perceived cultural distance between the listener and the voice’s country of origin. Juxtaposing these findings with those of Case 1 suggests that even among a group who are positive to immigrants and immigration some groups of immigrants are more welcome than others. Case 4 examined discourse disfluencies in a bilingual court hearing and a Swedish-Polish bilingual court hearing in detail. The case showed that most of the dialogue-related difficulties have other sources than the interpreter, even if the interpreter at first glance often appeared to be part of the problem rather than part of the solution. Case 5 examined the interpreter’s role in courtroom dialogue situations through interviews with a court interpreter and a lay judge. The study found that the picture of the interpreter’s role differs between the various actors in the court setting. This, in combination with a lack of knowledge about cultural differences in dialogue strategies, creates complications, can have an impact on the perception of the witness and, ultimately, affect the legal rights of the accused. Furthermore, as the interpreter most frequently speaks foreign accented Swedish, the perception and evaluation of their foreign accented Swedish can further place some immigrant groups at a double legal disadvantage when being judged.
Low-Cost and Shared Architecture Design of Recursive DFT/IDFT/IMDCT Algorithms for Digital Radio Mondiale System

This paper presents a shared architecture design for computations of Discrete Fourier Transform (DFT), Inverse DFT (IDFT), and Inverse Modified Cosine Transform (IMDCT) algorithms. The proposed method has following advantages, such as 1) Low hardware costs compared with conventional recursive DFT (RDFT) and recursive IDFT (RIDFT) algorithms. For hardware implementation, 2 real multipliers and 8 real adders are required in the proposed architecture. Compared with previous approaches, it can greatly reduce 80% of number of multipliers and 53% of number of adders. 2) The proposed RDFT-based IMDCT architecture has four times data throughput more than the other existing recursive algorithm 3) Computational cycles of the proposed RDFT-based IMDCT algorithm can be greatly reduced by 50% more than our previous recursive IMDCT algorithms. Hence, the proposed RDFT / RIDFT / RDFT-based IMDCT design is more suitable for portable devices in Digital Radio Mondiale (DRM) system.
Shared control for intelligent wheelchairs: an implicit estimation of the user intention

Elderly and disabled people can experience considerable di‐culties when driving an electric wheelchair, especially if they do not possess the flne steering capacities that are required to perform ‘common’ manoeuvres, like avoiding obstacles, docking at tables, driving through doors, etc. This paper describes a possible approach to equip the wheelchair with an intelligent controller that performs low-level assistance, so wheelchair control is shared between the user and this controller. For proper operation, the controller should have a good idea of what the user wants in a particular situation, or in other words what his/her intention could be. This text focuses on an ‘implicit’ estimation of the user’s intention.
Placental Cell Expression of HLA-G2 Isoforms Is Limited to the Invasive Trophoblast Phenotype 1

The HLA-G message is alternatively spliced into multiple transcripts, two of which encode soluble isoforms. To initiate studies on the specific functions of the soluble isoforms, we produced soluble rHLA-G1 (rsG1) and rsG2 in human embryonic kidney 293 cells and characterized the proteins. Both isoforms were glycosylated and formed disulfide-bonded oligomers. Recombinant sG1 associated with β2-microglobulin, whereas rsG2 did not. Mouse mAb generated to rsG1 (1-2C3), which identified exclusively sG1, and mAb generated to rsG2 (26-2H11), which identified both soluble and membrane G2 (m/sG2), were used for immunohistochemical isoform mapping studies on placental tissue sections. Soluble G1 protein was abundant in many subpopulations of trophoblast cells, whereas m/sG2 protein was present exclusively in extravillous cytotrophoblast cells. Although both isolated placental villous cytotrophoblast cells and chorion membrane extravillous cytotrophoblast cells contained mRNAs encoding sG1 and sG2, protein expression was as predicted from the immunostains with m/sG2 present only in the invasive trophoblast subpopulation. Analysis of function by Northern and Western blotting demonstrated that both rsG1 and rsG2 inhibit CD8α expression on PBMC without changing CD3δ expression or causing apoptotic cell death. Collectively, the studies indicate that: 1) both sG1 and m/sG2 are produced in placentas; 2) transcription and translation are linked for sG1, but not G2; 3) expression of G2 is exclusively associated with the invasive phenotype; and 4) the two isoforms of sG may promote semiallogeneic pregnancy by reducing expression of CD8, a molecule required for functional activation of CTL.
Evaluation of 64Cu-ATSM in vitro and in vivo in a hypoxic tumor model.

UNLABELLED We have evaluated Cu-diacetyl-bis(N4-methylthiosemicarbazone) (Cu-ATSM), an effective marker for the delineation of hypoxic but viable tissue, in vitro in the EMT6 carcinoma cell line under varying degrees of hypoxia and compared it with the flow tracer 64Cu-pyruvaldehyde-bis(N4-methylthiosemicarbazone) (Cu-PTSM) and the hypoxic tracer 18F-fluoromisonidazole (MISO). We have also compared the uptake of Cu-ATSM and Cu-PTSM in vivo and ex vivo in a murine animal model bearing the EMT6 tumor. METHODS Uptake of 64Cu-ATSM, 64Cu-PTSM and 18F-MISO in vitro into EMT6 cells was investigated at the dissolved oxygen concentrations of 0, 1 x 10(3), 5 x 10(3), 5 x 10(4) and 2 x 10(5) ppm. Biodistribution performed at 1, 5, 10, 20 and 40 min compared 64Cu-ATSM with 64Cu-PTSM in BALB/c mice bearing EMT6 tumors. To determine long-term retention of 64Cu-ATSM, biodistribution was also performed at 1, 2 and 4 h. Ex vivo autoradiography of tumor slices after co-injection of 60Cu-PTSM (60Cu, T1/2 = 23.7 min) and 64Cu-ATSM (64Cu, t1/2 = 12.7 h) into the same animal was performed. RESULTS After 1 h, 64Cu-ATSM was taken up by EMT6 cells: 90% at 0 ppm, 77% at 1 x 10(3) ppm, 38% at 5 x 10(3) ppm, 35% at 5 x 10(4) ppm and 31% at 2 x 10(5) ppm. 18F-MISO also showed oxygen concentration dependent uptake, but with lower percentages than 64Cu-ATSM. 64Cu-PTSM showed 83%-85% uptake into the cells after 1 h, independent of oxygen concentration. Biodistribution data of 64Cu-ATSM and 64Cu-PTSM showed optimal tumor uptake after 5 and 10 min, respectively (0.76% injected dose (ID)/organ for 64Cu-ATSM and 1.11%ID/organ for 64Cu-PTSM). Ex vivo imaging experiments showed 60Cu-PTSM uniform throughout the EMT6 tumor, but heterogeneous uptake of 64Cu-ATSM, indicative of selective trapping of 64Cu-ATSM into the hypoxic tumor cells. CONCLUSION Cu-ATSM exhibits selectivity for hypoxic tumor tissue both in vivo and in vitro and may provide a successful diagnostic modality for the detection of tumor ischemia.
Generalized Time-Domain Adjoint Sensitivity Analysis of Distributed MTL Networks

In this paper, a generalized approach is presented for time-domain adjoint sensitivity analysis of lossy multiconductor transmission lines (MTLs) with respect to electrical and/or physical parameters. While the new approach provides all the advantages of an adjoint sensitivity analysis, it is independent of the specifics of the MTL macromodel used. Several numerical examples are presented to demonstrate the validity and accuracy of the proposed approach.
Interconnect Built-In Self-Repair and Adaptive-Serialization (I-BIRAS) for 3D integrated systems

The high defect rates of the TSV manufacturing processes lead to poor yield [1]. Interconnect repair and serialization techniques were proposed [1–2] to improve yield. In these papers the control of the repair and serialization circuitry are determined off-chip and are stored in one-time-programmable memories. In this work we present an Interconnect Built-In Self-Repair and Adaptive-Serialization approach (I-BIRAS), where interconnect repair and data serialization/deserialization is performed without external intervention (reducing cost of external equipment) and can be executed at any time (after fabrication and all along system life), thus coping with both fabrication and systemlife defects. The general architecture of our approach is shown in figure 1.
Sensory processes and perception

THEORY AND METHODS Psychophysical Measurement and Theory (J. Falmagne) Strategy and Optimization in Human Information Processing (G. Sperling & B. Dosher) Computer Graphics (H. Greeman) BASIC SENSORY PROCESSES I (D. I. A MacLeod & J. P Thomas) The Eye as an Optical Instrument (J. P. Thomas) Sensitivity to Light (D. Hood & M. Finkelstein) Temporal Sensitivity (A. B. Watson) Seeing Spatial Patterns (L. Olzak & J. P Thomas) Colorimetry and Color Discrimination (J. Pokorny & V. Smith) Color Appearance (G. Wyszencki) Human Eye Movements (P. Hallett) BASIC SENSORY PROCESSES II (C. Sherrick & R. W Cholewiak) The Vestibular System (I. P. Howard) Cutaneous Sensitivity (C. Sherrick & R. W Cholewiak) Kinesthesia (F. J. Clark & K. W Horch) Audition I: Stimulus, Physiology, Thresholds B. Scharf & S. Buus) Audition II: Loudness, Pitch, Localization, Aural Distortion, Pathology (B. Scharf & A. Houtsma) SPACE AND MOTION PERCEPTION (H. A. Sedgwick) Motion Perception in the Frontal Plane: Sensory Aspects (S. Anstis) Perceptual Aspects of Motion in the Frontal Plane (A. Mack) The Perception of Posture, Self Motion, and the Visual Vertical (I. P. Howard) Motion in Depth and Visual Acceleration (D. M. Regan, et al.) Visual Localization and Eye Movements (L. Matin) Space Perception (H. A. Sedgwick) Representation of Motion and Space in Video and Cinematic Displays (J. Hochberg) Binocular Vision (A. Arditi) Adaptation of Space Perception (R. Welch) Intesensory Interactions (R. Welch & D. H Warren) Index.
XMM‐Newton observations of the asynchronous polar BY Cam

We report observations of the asynchronous polar BY Cam made using XMM-Newton . W e find evidence for two accretion regions which have significantly different spectra. In both regions we find evidence for hard X-ray emission from the post-shock flow while we observe a distinct soft X-ray blackbody component in only one. We detect two emission lines in the RGS detectors which we attribute to nitrogen N VI and N VII: the first time that nitrogen lines have been detected in an X-ray spectrum of a cataclysmic variable. In the time interval where we observe short time-scale variability we find the hard X-ray light curve is correlated with the softest energies in the sense that the hard X-rays trail the soft X-rays and are anti-correlated. We suggest that there are a small number of dense blobs of material which impact the white dwarf without forming a shock and release an amount of optically thick material which obscures hard X-rays for a short duration.