Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Factors determining women's participation in leisure activities in Türkiye

ABSTRACT Women's participation in leisure activities is affected by many constraints, such as gender roles expected from women, the cultural structure of society, society's perspective on women, religious beliefs, traditions and customs. A woman's free will to participate in the activity she wants is only possible if the constraints to participation are removed. For this reason, it is critical to determine the leisure constraints of women. This study aims to determine women's leisure constraints within the cultural framework of Turkish society. A qualitative research method was used, and data were collected from 26 regions representing Türkiye. In-depth interviews were conducted with a total of 52 women. Socio-cultural, economic, and demographic diversity was ensured among the participants. The constraints that emerged in the findings were examined under structural, intrapersonal, and interpersonal constraints. The most frequently mentioned constraints were fear of violence and harassment, family pressure, and social pressure. Theoretical and practical implications are presented to eliminate women's leisure constraints in Turkish society.
Invariance of spectrum and polarization of electromagnetic Gaussian Schell-model beams propagating in free space

The propagation of polychromatic electromagnetic Gaussian Schell-model (EGSM) beams in free space is investigated. It is shown that the spectral degree of polarization, spectral degree of coherence, and normalized spectrum change generally on propagation. The conditions of keeping the spectral invariance and keeping polarization invariance for the polychromatic EGSM beams are derived respectively. The results indicate that the constraints on the parameters of EGSM source to keep polarization invariance on propagation are more rigorous than those to keep invariance of the normalized spectrum.
Central Kurdish Sentiment Analysis Using Deep Learning

Sentiment Analysis (SA) as a type of opinion mining and as a more general topic than polarity detection, is widely used for analyzing user's reviews or comments of online expressions, which is implemented using various techniques among which the Artificial Neural Network (ANN) is the most popular one. This paper addresses the development of an SA system for the Central Kurdish language (CKB) using deep learning. Increasing the efficiency and strengthening of the SA system relies on a robust language model. In addition, for creating and training a robust language model
Andrographolide contributes to the attenuation of cardiac hypertrophy by suppressing endoplasmic reticulum stress

Abstract Context Andrographolide (Andr) is a bioactive Andr diterpenoid extracted from herbaceous Andrographis paniculata (Burm. F.) Wall. ex Nees (Acanthaceae). Andr can relieve cardiac dysfunction in mice by inhibiting the mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPK) pathway. Objective This study investigates the efficacy and underlying mechanism of Andr on cardiac hypertrophy in mice. Materials and methods Male C57 mice (20–25 g, 6–8 weeks) were divided into four groups (n = 10 mice/group) as sham group (sham operation), transverse aortic constriction (TAC) model group, TAC + Andr 100 mg/kg group and TAC + Andr 200 mg/kg group. Andr groups were given intragastric administration of Andr (100 and 200 mg/kg) once a day for 14 consecutive days. An in vitro hypertrophy model was established by adding 1 μM of Ang II to H9c2 cells for 48 h induction. Results In TAC-mice, Andr improved echocardiographic indices [reduced LVESD (30.4% or 37.1%) and LVEDD (24.8% or 26.4%), increased EF (22.9% or 42.6%) and FS (25.4% or 52.2%)], reduced BNP (11.5% or 23.6%) and Ang II levels (10.3% or 32.8%), attenuates cardiac fibrosis and reduces cardiac cell apoptosis in TAC mice. In vitro, Andr attenuated cardiomyocyte hypertrophy and decreased the protein expression of GRP78 (67.8%), GRP94 (47.6%), p-PERK (44.9%) and CHOP (66.8%) in Ang-II-induced H9c2 cells and reversed after endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress agonist Tunicamycin (TN) treatment. Discussion and conclusions Andr was found to be an anti-hypertrophic regulator, which could attenuate cardiac hypertrophy by suppressing ER stress. It may be a new therapeutic drug for cardiac hypertrophy.
The estimation of solar radiation under cloudless skies with atmospheric dust

Observations of global radiation received in a small catchment in Yorkshire were analysed for clear sky conditions and an empirical relationship of the form Q = 1380 sin θ(a + b sin θ) W m−2 Found, between incoming solar radiation Q and the solar elevation θ, where a and b are constants. The constants differ markedly from those obtained in a similar analysis of data from eastern Atlantic weather ships, suggesting that the radiation, under cloudless skies, over inland Britain, is only about 60% of that received under cloudless skies over the eastern Atlantic.
Likelihood Ratio Search Procedure for Optimum Number of States in a Hidden Markov Manpower Model

This paper aims at obtaining the optimum number of states for a hidden Markov manpower model, which, hitherto, has been chosen arbitrarily. A search procedure that attains this optimum number after a few steps across a series of N hidden Markov manpower models is proposed. The likelihood ratio statistic is employed to conduct pairwise model comparison tests on the N hidden Markov manpower models ordered according to their level of parsimony. The illustration shows the usefulness of the procedure in choosing the right number of states for a hidden Markov manpower model to avoid wrong specification of such models. The proposed procedure can be useful in other areas of research, such as in biological, medical and social sciences, where application of hidden Markov model may require the determination of number of hidden states based on unobserved data with latent heterogeneity. The procedure has a straightforward formulation and its application in other areas requires mainly the adaptation of the model specifications for the new area’s system dynamics.
Sexual Violence Prevention Among Intercollegiate Athletes, Recreational Athletes, and Non-Athletes: Environmental Considerations for Program Interventions

Previous research has suggested that individual, social, and environmental factors all play a role in developing individual attitudes regarding sexual violence. On college campuses, both intercollegiate and recreational athletics provide opportunities for students to engage in group settings that can impact these attitudes. The primary purpose of this study was to examine how attitudes towards sexual violence compared across intercollegiate athlete, recreational athlete, and non-athlete populations, while accounting for other individual and school factors. Analysis of a large national dataset found very small but statistically significant differences among these groups in their personal social norms, campus social norms, and bystander efficacy regarding sexual violence. Intercollegiate athletes were slightly lower than non-athletes in their personal social norms and bystander efficacy and slightly higher in their perceived campus social norms, while recreational athletes were higher in bystander efficacy, but lower in personal and campus social norms. Other personal demographic factors, including gender identity and sexual orientation, were also significant, while most campus factors were non-significant. These findings suggest the identification of college sport as an at-risk community for sexual violence may be an oversimplification, with implications for program intervention design.
The Radiation of Furnace Gases

Data of various investigators on the emission and absorption of radiation by carbon dioxide and water vapor are reviewed critically. Recommendations of procedure in calculation of heat transmission by gas radiation are given, Fig. 3, with Equation [7] or [8] for carbon dioxide and Fig. 10 with Equation [17] for water vapor. Partial pressure Pw of water vapor, at a constant value of PwL, affects gas radiation, but probably to a much smaller extent than has been reported in previous literature. A simplified procedure is presented to allow for the effect of the gas shape on radiant heat interchange.
Hidden integrability in ideal magnetohydrodynamics: The Pohlmeyer–Lund–Regge model

It is shown that the equilibrium equations of ideal magnetohydrodynamics reduce to the integrable Pohlmeyer–Lund–Regge model subject to a volume-preserving constraint if the Maxwellian surfaces are assumed to coincide with the constant total pressure surfaces. It is demonstrated that any solution of the constrained Pohlmeyer–Lund–Regge model gives rise to a multiplicity of solutions of the magnetohydrodynamic system which share the streamline and magnetic field line geometry. Explicit solutions given in terms of elliptic functions and integrals are constructed.
The Determinants of Real Earnings Management

This study aims to define and analyse the relationship between firm size, profitability and real earnings management real earnings management is measured by Cohen et al dan Roychowdhury. Secondary data sources are used, namely, companies listed on the Indonesian Stock Exchange. Purposive sampling techniques are employed, with a new sample of observational data from the manufacturing company for the period 2019-2021. The results indicate that firm size, financial distress, and profitability positively affect real earnings management.
Current‐driven ion cyclotron turbulence: Evolution of the electron distribution and wave spectrum

The evolution of the drifting electron distribution responsible for exciting electrostatic ion cyclotron waves in a magnetized collisionless plasma is studied by means of a computer code. Quasi-linear equations including cyclotron damping on the ions are used for investigating two situations: (1) initial value problem in an infinite homogeneous plasma and (2) open configuration with fresh electrons streaming along the field lines into a region of instability. In both situations a partial plateau is progressively dug through the top of the distribution by velocity diffusion of the electrons along the magnetic field. Cyclotron damping limits the extension of the plateau toward small velocities whereas the high velocity end terminates with a strong positive slope. The asymptotic relaxed flat-topped distribution can be directly calculated from an equation based on marginal stability. Due to wave pileup the level of ion cyclotron waves is greatly enhanced in the inhomogeneous situation. For an isothermal plasma the critical drift is 19 υi (with υi the ion thermal velocity); for drifts 25, 30 υi, the waves are found to reach eф/T = 0.02, 0.06, respectively. In the first case the resonant heating of the ion tail is negligible. Consequences for ion cyclotron waves and hydrogen energization in the downward and upward current regions of the topside ionosphere are discussed. It is argued that localized parallel electric fields may play an important role in the generation of the observed large waves.
Productive and Non-Productive Cough Classification Using Biologically Inspired Techniques

Cough is a common symptom of respiratory diseases and the type of cough, in particular, productive (wet) or non-productive (dry) cough, is an important indicator of the condition of the respiratory system. It is useful in differential diagnosis and in understanding disease progression. However, determining the cough type in clinical practice can be subjective and sometimes unfeasible. This work, therefore, aims to develop an objective assessment method of the cough type. The proposed approach emulates the sound recognition process of humans. In particular, it uses the human auditory model to reveal the frequency characteristics of the cough sound signals and convolutional neural networks for decision-making. It is validated on a dataset of smartphone recordings of 396 cough samples from 88 subjects annotated as wet or dry by up to four expert pulmonologists. The cough signals are automatically segmented and time-frequency image data augmentation is performed during training using the synthetic minority oversampling technique to prevent model overfitting. A sensitivity of 93.13% and specificity of 91.42% (AUC= 0.9700) is achieved in segmentation of cough and non-cough sounds and a sensitivity of 100% and specificity of 82.50% (AUC= 0.9234) is achieved in detecting subjects with wet and dry cough. The proposed fully automated system in detecting subjects with wet and dry cough demonstrates strong classification performance. It has the potential to provide objective assessment of cough type using smartphone technology, such as in virtual healthcare which has seen an increased uptake during the ongoing pandemic.
Roles of Human Liver Cytochrome P450 Enzymes in Tenatoprazole Metabolism

Tenatoprazole, a newly developed proton pump inhibitor candidate, was developed as an acid inhibitor for gastric acid hypersecretion disorders such as gastric ulcer and reflux esophagitis. It is known that tenatoprazole is metabolized to three major metabolites of 5′-hydroxy tenatoprazole, tenatoprazole sulfide, and tenatoprazole sulfone in human liver, primarily catalyzed by CYPs 2C19 and 3A4. While CYP2C19 prefers the hydroxylation of tenatoprazole at C-5′ position, CYP3A4 is mainly involved in sulfoxidation reaction to make tenatoprazole sulfone. Tenatoprazole sulfide is a major human metabolite of tenatoprazole and is formed spontaneously and non-enzymatically from tenatoprazole. However, its metabolic fate in the human liver is not fully known. Furthermore, no systematic metabolic study has been performed to study tenatoprazole or tenatoprazole sulfide. Here, we studied the functions of human cytochromes P450 in the metabolic pathway of tenatoprazole and tenatoprazole sulfide by using recombinant human P450s and human liver microsomes. Both CYP 2C19 and CYP3A4 showed distinct regioselective and stereospecific monooxygenation activities toward tenatoprazole and tenatoprazole sulfide. Furthermore, a new major metabolite of tenatoprazole sulfide was found, 1′-N-oxy-5′-hydroxytenatoprzole sulfide, which has never been reported. In conclusion, the metabolic fates of tenatoprazole and tenatoprazole sulfide should be considered in the clinical use of tenatoprazole.
Novel series of thiazole-based complxes; characterization, structural optimization, in-vitro and in-silico assessments against Covid-19 virus compared to Palxlovid drug

ABSTRACT. New thiazole-based complexes were prepared and suggested to be 1:1 metal to ligand ratio. This formula was built depending on different analyses. Various spectroscopic tools were used to confirm the mode of bonding for the ligand towards the metal ions. The ligand behaved as a neutral bidentate mode towards Cu(II), Co(II) and Ni(II) ions. The DFT method was applied to confirm the nucleophilicity of O(13) and N(2) atoms which qualified for excellent coordination. The new compounds were in-silico tested against 6lu7 and 6lzg as the main protease complex of COVID-19 and the receptor of coronavirus spike, respectively. This is according to the recent use of a thiazole-based compound (ritonavir) in treatment of COVID-19. This study was extended to handle the paxlovid antiviral (nirmatrelvir and ritonavir) in comparing to new compounds. The ritonavir drug as well as the Co(II) complex appeared as promising inhibitors. To deepen the study, we tested the cytotoxicity of the complexes and interestingly, the Co(II) complex showed a vital inhibition for liver and prostate cancers which exceeds 5-fluorouracil drug. KEY WORDS: New complexes, Spectral studies, Molecular modelling, In-silico methods towards COVID-19 Bull. Chem. Soc. Ethiop. 2023, 37(2), 427-447. DOI: https://dx.doi. org/10.4314/bcse.v37i2. 13
Full-Length Transcriptome of Myotis pilosus as a Reference Resource and Mining of Auditory and Immune Related Genes

Rickett’s big-footed bat, Myotis pilosus, which belongs to the family Vespertilionida, is the only known piscivorous bat in East Asia. Accurate whole genome and transcriptome annotations are essential for the study of bat biological evolution. The lack of a whole genome for M. pilosus has limited our understanding of the molecular mechanisms underlying the species’ evolution, echolocation, and immune response. In the present work, we sequenced the entire transcriptome using error-corrected PacBio single-molecule real-time (SMRT) data. Then, a total of 40 GB of subreads were generated, including 29,991 full-length non-chimeric (FLNC) sequences. After correction by Illumina short reads and de-redundancy, we obtained 26,717 error-corrected isoforms with an average length of 3018.91 bp and an N50 length of 3447 bp. A total of 1528 alternative splicing (AS) events were detected by transcriptome structural analysis. Furthermore, 1032 putative transcription factors (TFs) were identified, with additional identification of several long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) with high confidence. Moreover, several key genes, including PRL-2, DPP4, Glul, and ND1 were also identified as being associated with metabolism, immunity, nervous system processes, and auditory perception. A multitude of pattern recognition receptors was identified, including NLR, RLR, SRCR, the antiviral molecule IRF3, and the IFN receptor subunit IFNAR1. High-quality reference genomes at the transcriptome level may be used to quantify gene or transcript expression, evaluate alternative splicing levels, identify novel transcripts, and enhance genome annotation in bats.
Maximum likelihood estimation for a nearly random walk model

This paper proposes an effective reparameterization method for the maximum likelihood estimation of a nearly random walk ARIMA (1,1,1) model, an important case where standard method of locating the MLE is not satisfactory. This model is equivalent to the permanent and temporary components model that Fama &French (1988) and others used to capture the slow mean reversion behavior of stock prices. The reparameterization method we prppose for estimating the nearly cancelled AR and MA parameters performs satisfactorily. The exact likelihood function based on the transformed parameters is studied. We argue that the region of interest will get magnified and emphasized in the transformed space, thus making the search for MLE more thorough and effective. Substantiai simuiation evidences are provided to demonstrate the effectiveness of the method. The sample size requirement is critical and is discussed in details. For application, this method is applied to estimate a nearly random walk ARIMA (1,1,1) model for NYSE/AMEX value-weighted market return in daily and longer holding-period horizons.
A variable neighbourhood search algorithm to generate first species counterpoint musical scores

In this paper a variable neighbourhood search (VNS) algorithm is developed that can generate musical fragments of arbitrary length consisting of a cantus firmus and a first species counterpoint melody. The objective function of the algorithm is based on a quantification of existing counterpoint rules. The VNS algorithm developed in this paper is a local search algorithm that starts from a randomly generated melody and improves it by changing one or two notes at a time. A thorough parametric analysis of the VNS reveals the significance of the algorithm’s parameters on the quality of the composed fragment, as well as their optimal settings. The VNS algorithm has been implemented in a user-friendly software environment for composition, called Optimuse. Optimuse allows a user to specify a number of characteristics such as length, key, and mode. Based on this information, Optimuse “composes” both a cantus firmus and a first species counterpoint melody. Alternatively, the user may specify a cantus firmus, and let Optimuse compose only an accompanying first species counterpoint melody.
O(sqrt(log(n)) Approximation to SPARSEST CUT in Õ(n2) Time

This paper shows how to compute $O(\sqrt{\log n})$-approximations to the Sparsest Cut and Balanced Separator problems in $\tilde{O}(n^2)$ time, thus improving upon the recent algorithm of Arora, Rao, and Vazirani [Proceedings of the 36th Annual ACM Symposium on Theory of Computing, 2004, pp. 222-231]. Their algorithm uses semidefinite programming and requires $\tilde{O}(n^{9.5})$ time. Our algorithm relies on efficiently finding expander flows in the graph and does not solve semidefinite programs. The existence of expander flows was also established by Arora, Rao, and Vazirani [Proceedings of the 36th Annual ACM Symposium on Theory of Computing, 2004, pp. 222-231].
The D/H Ratio toward PG 0038+199

We determine the D/H ratio in the interstellar medium toward the DO white dwarf PG 0038+199 using spectra from the Far Ultraviolet Spectroscopic Explorer (FUSE), with ground-based support from Keck HIRES. We employ curve-of-growth, apparent optical depth, and profile-fitting techniques to measure the column densities and limits of many other species (H2, Na I, C I, C II, C III, N I, N II, O I, Si II, P II, S III, Ar I, and Fe II), which allows us to determine related ratios such as D/O, D/N, and the H2 fraction. Our efforts are concentrated on measuring gas-phase D/H, which is key to understanding Galactic chemical evolution, and comparing it to predictions from big bang nucleosynthesis. We find column densities log N(H ) = 20.41 ± 0.08, log N(D ) = 15.75 ± 0.08, and log N(H2) = 19.33 ± 0.04, yielding a molecular hydrogen fraction of 0.14 ± 0.02 (2 σ errors), with an excitation temperature of 143 ± 5 K. The high H I column density implies that PG 0038+199 lies outside of the Local Bubble; we estimate its distance to be 297 pc (1 σ). [D + HD]/[H + 2H2] toward PG 0038+199 is 1.91 × 10-5 (2 σ). There is no evidence of component structure on the scale of Δv > 8 km s-1, based on Na I, but there is marginal evidence for structure on smaller scales. The D/H value is high compared to the majority of recent D/H measurements but consistent with the values for two other measurements at similar distances. D/O is in agreement with other distant measurements. The scatter in D/H values beyond ~100 pc remains a challenge for Galactic chemical evolution.
A Dual-Population-Based NSGA-III for Constrained Many-Objective Optimization

The main challenge for constrained many-objective optimization problems (CMaOPs) is how to achieve a balance between feasible and infeasible solutions. Most of the existing constrained many-objective evolutionary algorithms (CMaOEAs) are feasibility-driven, neglecting the maintenance of population convergence and diversity when dealing with conflicting objectives and constraints. This might lead to the population being stuck at some locally optimal or locally feasible regions. To alleviate the above challenges, we proposed a dual-population-based NSGA-III, named DP-NSGA-III, where the two populations exchange information through the offspring. The main population based on the NSGA-III solves CMaOPs and the auxiliary populations with different environment selection ignore the constraints. In addition, we designed an ε-constraint handling method in combination with NSGA-III, aiming to exploit the excellent infeasible solutions in the main population. The proposed DP-NSGA-III is compared with four state-of-the-art CMaOEAs on a series of benchmark problems. The experimental results show that the proposed evolutionary algorithm is highly competitive in solving CMaOPs.
EVALUATION OF RETROGRADE ROOT CANAL PREPARATION FOLLOWING THE USE OF CONTROLLED MEMORY FILES VERSUS ULTRASONIC TIPS ON CRACK FORMATION USING STEREOMICROSCOPE. (AN IN-VITRO STUDY)

Eman Ahmed Saleem Abu Hamda, 24, 18 street Sidi Bishr Bahri, Alexandria, Egypt, aoesmm7@gmail.com, 01158332215 EVALUATION OF RETROGRADE ROOT CANAL PREPARATION FOLLOWING THE USE OF CONTROLLED MEMORY FILES VERSUS ULTRASONIC TIPS ON CRACK FORMATION USING STEREOMICROSCOPE. (AN IN-VITRO STUDY) Eman A. Abu Hamda1* BDS, Salma MH. Genena2 PhD, Moustafa Aboushelib3 PhD, Sybel Mokhtar Moussa4 PhD 1. Masters candidate, Conservative Dentistry Department, Faculty of Dentistry, Alexandria University, Egypt.