Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The Feelings Book

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EEG signal processing based on proper orthogonal decomposition

Proper orthogonal decomposition (POD) is proposed to decompose and reconstruct multidimensional electroencephalo-graph (EEG) signal. With this method, EEG signal can be represented by orthonomal basis, eigenfuction mode and main coordinate component. The eigenfuction mode is deterministic functions of spatial information, and the main coordinate component is the random function of real time information. In this modal decomposition way, EEG signal can not only be compressed in a certain least squares optimal sense, but also be predicted for any random scalp position.
Protein Kinase G Positively Regulates Proteasome-Mediated Degradation of Misfolded Proteins

Background— Proteasome functional insufficiency is implicated in a large subset of cardiovascular diseases and may play an important role in their pathogenesis. The regulation of proteasome function is poorly understood, hindering the development of effective strategies to improve proteasome function. Methods and Results— Protein kinase G (PKG) was manipulated genetically and pharmacologically in cultured cardiomyocytes. Activation of PKG increased proteasome peptidase activities, facilitated proteasome-mediated degradation of surrogate (enhanced green fluorescence protein modified by carboxyl fusion of degron CL1) and bona fide (CryABR120G) misfolded proteins, and attenuated CryABR120G overexpression–induced accumulation of ubiquitinated proteins and cellular injury. PKG inhibition elicited the opposite responses. Differences in the abundance of the key 26S proteasome subunits Rpt6 and &bgr;5 between the PKG-manipulated and control groups were not statistically significant, but the isoelectric points were shifted by PKG activation. In transgenic mice expressing a surrogate substrate (GFPdgn), PKG activation by sildenafil increased myocardial proteasome activities and significantly decreased myocardial GFPdgn protein levels. Sildenafil treatment significantly increased myocardial PKG activity and significantly reduced myocardial accumulation of CryABR120G, ubiquitin conjugates, and aberrant protein aggregates in mice with CryABR120G-based desmin-related cardiomyopathy. No discernible effect on bona fide native substrates of the ubiquitin-proteasome system was observed from PKG manipulation in vitro or in vivo. Conclusions— PKG positively regulates proteasome activities and proteasome-mediated degradation of misfolded proteins, likely through posttranslational modifications to proteasome subunits. This may be a new mechanism underlying the benefit of PKG stimulation in treating cardiac diseases. Stimulation of PKG by measures such as sildenafil administration is potentially a new therapeutic strategy to treat cardiac proteinopathies.
Cerebellar Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation Effects on Saccade Adaptation

Saccade adaptation is a cerebellar-mediated type of motor learning in which the oculomotor system is exposed to repetitive errors. Different types of saccade adaptations are thought to involve distinct underlying cerebellar mechanisms. Transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) induces changes in neuronal excitability in a polarity-specific manner and offers a modulatory, noninvasive, functional insight into the learning aspects of different brain regions. We aimed to modulate the cerebellar influence on saccade gains during adaptation using tDCS. Subjects performed an inward (n = 10) or outward (n = 10) saccade adaptation experiment (25% intrasaccadic target step) while receiving 1.5 mA of anodal cerebellar tDCS delivered by a small contact electrode. Compared to sham stimulation, tDCS increased learning of saccadic inward adaptation but did not affect learning of outward adaptation. This may imply that plasticity mechanisms in the cerebellum are different between inward and outward adaptation. TDCS could have influenced specific cerebellar areas that contribute to inward but not outward adaptation. We conclude that tDCS can be used as a neuromodulatory technique to alter cerebellar oculomotor output, arguably by engaging wider cerebellar areas and increasing the available resources for learning.
Benchmarking persistent programming languages: quantifying the language/database interface

A motivating factor in the development of object-oriented databases is that they reduce the impedance mismatch [Copeland and Maier 1984] between programming languages and database systems. One benefit is that a straightforward mapping between the type system of the programming language and that of the database reduces the conceptual barrier for the developer’s of database applications. Object-oriented databases also represent an opportunity for more efficient implementation of the language/database interface, since it is possible for the type system of the language to make guarantees about the safety of programs executing against the database. A type-safe program can freely manipulate permanent data without fear of corrupting the database – the type system guarantees it. Thus, there is no need for an unwieldy interface between program and database for the manipulation of data. So long as mechanisms exist to make database objects directly available to the program in memory, the program can access and modify that data directly, without making calls to the underlying database system. In effect, data are cached by the application program for efficient manipulation. Persistent programming languages [Atkinson et al. 1982; Atkinson, Chisholm, Cockshott, and Marshall 1983; Atkinson, Bailey, Chisholm, Cockshott, and Morrison 1983; Atkinson and Buneman 1987] epitomize this ideal by viewing the database as a stable, persistent, extension of volatile memory, in which data may be dynamically allocated, but which persists from one program invocation to the next. The language allows traversal and modification of the persistent data structures transparently, without explicit calls to read and write the data. Rather, the language implementation and run-time system contrive to make persistent data resident in memory on demand, much as non-resident pages are automatically made resident by a paged virtual memory system. Moreover, a persistent program can modify persistent data and commit the modifications so that their effects are permanently recorded in persistent storage. Atkinson, Bailey, Chisholm, Cockshott, and Morrison [1983] characterize persistence as “an orthogonal property of data, independent of data type and the way in which data is manipulated”. This particular characterization has important ramifications for the design of persistent programming languages, since it encourages the view that a language can be extended to support persistence with minimal disturbance of its existing syntax.
Total synthesis of the endogenous inflammation resolving lipid resolvin D2 using a common lynchpin

Summary The total synthesis of the endogenous inflammation resolving eicosanoid resolvin D2 (1) is described. The key steps involved a Wittig reaction between aldehyde 5 and the ylide derived from phosphonium salt 6 to give enyne 17 and condensation of the same ylide with aldehyde 7 to afford enyne 11. Desilylation of 11 followed by hydrozirconation and iodination gave the vinyl iodide 4 and Sonogashira coupling between this compound and enyne 3 provided alkyne 18. Acetonide deprotection, partial reduction and ester hydrolysis then gave resolvin D2 (1).
Genome Microevolution of Chikungunya Viruses Causing the Indian Ocean Outbreak

Background A chikungunya virus outbreak of unprecedented magnitude is currently ongoing in Indian Ocean territories. In Réunion Island, this alphavirus has already infected about one-third of the human population. The main clinical symptom of the disease is a painful and invalidating poly-arthralgia. Besides the arthralgic form, 123 patients with a confirmed chikungunya infection have developed severe clinical signs, i.e., neurological signs or fulminant hepatitis. Methods and Findings We report the nearly complete genome sequence of six selected viral isolates (isolated from five sera and one cerebrospinal fluid), along with partial sequences of glycoprotein E1 from a total of 127 patients from Réunion, Seychelles, Mauritius, Madagascar, and Mayotte islands. Our results indicate that the outbreak was initiated by a strain related to East-African isolates, from which viral variants have evolved following a traceable microevolution history. Unique molecular features of the outbreak isolates were identified. Notably, in the region coding for the non-structural proteins, ten amino acid changes were found, four of which were located in alphavirus-conserved positions of nsP2 (which contains helicase, protease, and RNA triphosphatase activities) and of the polymerase nsP4. The sole isolate obtained from the cerebrospinal fluid showed unique changes in nsP1 (T301I), nsP2 (Y642N), and nsP3 (E460 deletion), not obtained from isolates from sera. In the structural proteins region, two noteworthy changes (A226V and D284E) were observed in the membrane fusion glycoprotein E1. Homology 3D modelling allowed mapping of these two changes to regions that are important for membrane fusion and virion assembly. Change E1-A226V was absent in the initial strains but was observed in >90% of subsequent viral sequences from Réunion, denoting evolutionary success possibly due to adaptation to the mosquito vector. Conclusions The unique molecular features of the analyzed Indian Ocean isolates of chikungunya virus demonstrate their high evolutionary potential and suggest possible clues for understanding the atypical magnitude and virulence of this outbreak.
Poly-victimization: Childhood Exposure to Multiple Forms of Victimization.

This paper summarizes the key findings on poly-victimized youth in the United States, using data from the National Survey of Children Exposed to Violence (NatSCEV). NatSCEV estimated violence and victimization exposure in a nationally representative sample of 4,549 children and adolescents from age one month to 17 years. NatSCEV provides the most up-to-date and comprehensive statistics on the co-occurrence among different forms of youth violence. Poly-victimization refers to the experience of multiple victimizations of different kinds, such as sexual abuse, physical abuse, bullying, and exposure to family violence, not just multiple episodes of the same kind of victimization. The threshold used in research connected to NatSCEV classifies roughly the most victimized 10 percent of the survey sample as poly-victims.18, 19
A Large Gene Cluster Encoding Several Magnetosome Proteins Is Conserved in Different Species of Magnetotactic Bacteria

ABSTRACT In magnetotactic bacteria, a number of specific proteins are associated with the magnetosome membrane (MM) and may have a crucial role in magnetite biomineralization. We have cloned and sequenced the genes of several of these polypeptides in the magnetotactic bacterium Magnetospirillum gryphiswaldense that could be assigned to two different genomic regions. Except for mamA, none of these genes have been previously reported to be related to magnetosome formation. Homologous genes were found in the genome sequences ofM. magnetotacticum and magnetic coccus strain MC-1. The MM proteins identified display homology to tetratricopeptide repeat proteins (MamA), cation diffusion facilitators (MamB), and HtrA-like serine proteases (MamE) or bear no similarity to known proteins (MamC and MamD). A major gene cluster containing several magnetosome genes (including mamA and mamB) was found to be conserved in all three of the strains investigated. ThemamAB cluster also contains additional genes that have no known homologs in any nonmagnetic organism, suggesting a specific role in magnetosome formation.
Scaffolding and completing genome assemblies in real-time with nanopore sequencing

Third generation sequencing technologies provide the opportunity to improve genome assemblies by generating long reads spanning most repeat sequences. However, current analysis methods require substantial amounts of sequence data and computational resources to overcome the high error rates. Furthermore, they can only perform analysis after sequencing has completed, resulting in either over-sequencing, or in a low quality assembly due to under-sequencing. Here we present npScarf, which can scaffold and complete short read assemblies while the long read sequencing run is in progress. It reports assembly metrics in real-time so the sequencing run can be terminated once an assembly of sufficient quality is obtained. In assembling four bacterial and one eukaryotic genomes, we show that npScarf can construct more complete and accurate assemblies while requiring less sequencing data and computational resources than existing methods. Our approach offers a time- and resource-effective strategy for completing short read assemblies. Assembling genomes using currently available computational methods can be time consuming. Here, Coin and colleagues describe a bioinformatics tool named npScarf that can scaffold and complete an existing short read assembly in real-time using nanopore sequencing.
Learning With Weblogs: Enhancing Cognitive and Social Knowledge Construction

This study investigated the impact of weblog use on individual learning in the context of university senior-level business education. As an emergent form of personal communication, weblogs enable people to publish their thoughts as webpages, and to share information and knowledge. Recognizing the potential impact of weblogs on knowledge expression and sharing, this research sought to empirically examine whether the continuous use of weblogs as online learning logs would affect student learning performance. The assumption was that effective use of weblogs promoted the constructivist models of learning by supporting both cognitive and social knowledge construction, and by reinforcing individual accountability in learning. Results from an Information Systems undergraduate course with 31 participants indicated that the performance of students' weblogs was a significant predictor of the learning outcome (while traditional coursework was not). Moreover, individuals' cognitive construction effort to build their own mental models and social construction effort to further enrich/expand knowledge resources appeared to be two key aspects of the constructivist learning with weblogs. Our results imply the potential benefit of using weblogs as a knowledge construction tool and a social learning medium
A survey on the characterization of Vehicular Ad Hoc Networks and routing solutions

During the last five years, the Federal Communication Commission allocated a frequency spectrum and established public and private service rules for inter-vehicles and vehicleroadside communications. A moving vehicle can use the frequency and services to connect to other vehicles and form a Vehicular Ad Hoc Network (VANET). VANET is a wireless network composed of vehicles and roadside beacons without central access points. Although rich literature in ad hoc networks exists, the scale, availability of realistic traffic data and vehicle equipments motivate researchers to study the unique characteristics of VANET. Also, the characteristics of VANET pose new challenges for existing routing protocols. In this paper we survey and compare literature on the characterization of VANET. We then examine current routing solutions designed for the characteristics of vehicular networks. Finally, we share a collection of useful references and future research directions.
Uniform error estimates in the finite element method for a singularly perturbed reaction-diffusion problem

Consider the problem -e 2 Δu+u = f with homogeneous Neumann boundary condition in a bounded smooth domain in R N . The whole range 0 < e ≤ 1 is treated. The Galerkin finite element method is used on a globally quasi-uniform mesh of size h; the mesh is fixed and independent of e. A precise analysis of how the error at each point depends on h and e is is presented. As an application, first order error estimates in h, which are uniform with respect to e, are given.
Positive psychological capital: Does this promote the use of functional and dysfunctional coping strategy

The concept of Psychological capital can be defined as an individual’s positive psychological state of development, which consists of four components: self-efficacy/ confidence, hope, optimism, and resiliency. Self-efficacy is defined people’s convictions about their own capacity for successfully executing a course of action that leads to a desired outcome. Hope is an individual’s determination to maintain effort toward goals and ability to determine alternative courses of action to attain those goals. Optimism is the ability to the see the brighter side of things always and resiliency is the psychological capacity to bounce back from adversity, uncertainty and conflicting situations. People with high levels of psychological capital can work happily. Coping plays an important role on the protection of physical and mental health and helps to maintain balance during stressful situations. Active coping (taking steps to remove or minimize the effects), planning (thinking about how to cope with a stressor), suppression of competing activities (trying to avoid being distracted by other activities and focusing on the stressor), seeking social support for instrumental reasons (seeking information or advice), seeking social support for emotional reasons (seeking moral support, sympathy or understanding) and positive reinterpretations are considered as functional coping strategies. Dysfunctional coping involves behavioural disengagement (reducing efforts to deal with the stressor), mental disengagement (involves activities that distract the individual from thinking about the stressor) and denial (involves denying when there is a problem). This study aims at exploring the characteristics of coping strategy and positive psychological capital of junior and senior executives working at public at private and public sector banks. The questionnaires on the positive psychological capital and coping strategy were administered on 310 executives drawn from public and private sector banks in Kolkata (India) using simple random sampling method. Results indicated the following points: 1. Senior and junior executives of private sector vary with respect to their Coping strategy (functional and dysfunctional). 2. There are some significant differences between senior and junior executives with respect to their positive psychological capital. 3. Positive psychological capital has a significant positive correlation with the functional coping strategy. The study implies that training and developing positive psychological capital among employees help them to deal with stressful situation assertively rather than avoiding it in order to promote positive attitude at the workplace.
Experimental pain processing in individuals with cognitive impairment: current state of the science

Abstract Cognitive impairment (CI) can develop during the course of ageing and is a feature of many neurological and neurodegenerative diseases. Many individuals with CI have substantial, sustained, and complex health care needs, which frequently include pain. However, individuals with CI can have difficulty communicating the features of their pain to others, which in turn presents a significant challenge for effective diagnosis and treatment of their pain. Herein, we review the literature on responsivity of individuals with CI to experimental pain stimuli. We discuss pain responding across a large number of neurological and neurodegenerative disorders in which CI is typically present. Overall, the existing data suggest that pain processing is altered in most individuals with CI compared with cognitively intact matched controls. The precise nature of these alterations varies with the type of CI (or associated clinical condition) and may also depend on the type of pain stimulation used and the type of pain responses assessed. Nevertheless, it is clear that regardless of the etiology of CI, patients do feel noxious stimuli, with more evidence for hypersensitivity than hyposensitivity to these stimuli compared with cognitively unimpaired individuals. Our current understanding of the neurobiological mechanisms underpinning these alterations is limited but may be enhanced through the use of animal models of CI, which also exhibit alterations in nociceptive responding. Further research using additional behavioural indices of pain is warranted. Increased understanding of altered experimental pain processing in CI will facilitate the development of improved diagnostic and therapeutic approaches for pain in individuals with CI.
The Arctic circle boundary and the airy process

We prove that the, appropriately rescaled, boundary of the north polar region in the Aztec diamond converges to the Airy process. The proof uses certain determinantal point processes given by the extended Krawtchouk kernel. We also prove a version of Propp’s conjecture concerning the structure of the tiling at the center of the Aztec diamond. 1. Introduction and results. Domino tilings of the Aztec diamond were introduced in [8, 9]. Asymptotic properties of random domino tilings of the Aztec diamond have been studied in [5, 12, 15]. In particular, in [12] the existence of the so-called arctic circle was proved. The arctic circle is the asymptotic boundary of the disordered so-called temperate region of the tiling. Outside this boundary the tiling forms a completely regular brick wall pattern. The methods in [12] combined with the results in [13] show that the fluctuations of the point of intersection of the boundary of the temperate region with a line converge to the Tracy–Widom distribution of random matrix theory. In this paper we extend this result to show that the fluctuations of the boundary around the arctic circle converges to the Airy process introduced in [23]. The paper is a continuation of the approach used in [14] and [15], where certain point processes with determinantal correlation functions [24] and the Krawtchouk ensemble, were used. We will use the general techniques developed in [16] and investigate an extended point process which also has determinantal correlation functions given by a kernel, which we call the extended Krawtchouk kernel. The Aztec diamond, An, of order n is the union of all lattice squares [m, m+1]×[l, l+1], m, l 2 Z, that lie inside the region {(x1, y1);|x1|+|y1| �