Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Research Universities and Local Economic Development: Lessons from the History of the Johns Hopkins University

Research universities are often believed to be one of the conditions for successful local economic development (Miner et al. 2001). The success stories of Silicon Valley and Stanford, the Massachusetts Institute of Technology and Route 128, and the Research Triangle Area in North Carolina are well studied (cf. Rogers and Larsen 1984; Rosegrant and Lampe 1985; Link 1995). Since the 1980s, despite the establishment of university technology transfer offices, incentives from federal and state governments and new industrial outreach efforts, most research universities have not yet been particularly successful at technology transfer and have not yet generated significant local economic development. While university knowledge spillovers are noted to be geographically localized many factors affect the transmission of these spillovers. Most importantly, a university’s founding mission, institutional context and prior experiences with commercial activity influence interaction with industry and ultimately affect the ability of the university to impact its local environment and determine its role in the regional innovation system. The examination of the counterfactual case where the local economy has not captured the benefits of proximity to a research university illuminates the complexity of this process. We focus our investigation on an in-depth analysis of one university, the Johns Hopkins University, and examine the historical context of industrial interaction over the university’s 125-year history. By any number of measures and independent assessments, Johns Hopkins University is one of the world’s leading institutions of higher education and research. The academic achievements of its faculty are well
Gender Differences in Dually-Diagnosed Clients Receiving Chemical Dependency Treatment

Abstract This article considers gender differences among 97 clients with dual diagnoses of severe mental illness and chemical dependency (46 male and 51 female). Comparisons are made at the time of their admission to an inpatient chemical dependency treatment program and at follow-up in cases where data are available. Many of the findings at time of admission are consistent with the few studies that have compared men and women with co-occurring mental and substance use disorders. For example, the women were more likely to have experienced emotional, physical, or sexual abuse, and they reported being charged with fewer types of crimes. Most differences at admission concerned psychiatric problems and family/social relations. Women reported that they were more bothered by their psychiatric symptoms and their family/social relations, but they also reported more happiness and closeness in some relationships. The women also said they had more relatives with alcohol, drug, and especially psychiatric, problems. At follow-up, gender differences in the family/social and psychiatric domains persisted. Findings suggest that men and women with dual diagnoses might benefit from different emphases in treatment programs.
Deciphering the Public Interest: Contingent Valuation as a Participatory Planning Tool

This paper considers the increased application of contingent valuation (CV) methodology as a tool for measuring collective preference. Such an approach could help decipher the public interest regarding large urban development projects and confront the challenges raised by the use of unclear public interest rhetoric in the context of contemporary boosterism. The CV methodology is compared to more traditional means of evaluating public preference (political processes and traditional public participation). The literature offers two approaches that apply CV methodology in a participatory planning context. A critique of each is provided, and a new alternative is proposed for enhancing participatory planning through the use of CV.
A 26-GHz LC-QVCO in 0.13-μm CMOS

A 26 GHz quadrature voltage controlled oscillator designed in a 0.13-μm CMOS process is presented. It consists of two differential oscillators coupled to oscillate in quadrature through transistors and mutual inductance between the source nodes. The oscillator measures a frequency tuning range of 3.1%, a worst case phase noise of -96 dBc/Hz at 1 MHz offset over the tuning range at a 1.35 V supply and a power consumption of 24 mW.
Currency Option Pricing with Stochastic Domestic and Foreign Interest Rates

Abstract This study develops a currency option pricing model under stochastic interest rates when interest rate parity holds, and it is assumed that domestic and foreign bond prices have local variances that depend only on time. We demonstrate how existing currency option models are simply derived from one framework. Empirical tests employing transactions option data reveal that a particularly simple form of the stochastic rate model is uniformly more accurate than a constant rate model for all boundaries and maturities tested.
ECB projections as a tool for understanding policy decisions

The European Central Bank publishes inflation projections quarterly and we aim to establish empirically whether they influence private inflation forecasts and whether they may be considered as an enhanced means of implementing policy decisions by facilitating private agents’ information processing. We provide original evidence that ECB inflation projections do influence private inflation expectations positively, and that ECB projections convey signals about future ECB rate movements. This paper suggests that ECB projections enable private agents to correctly interpret and predict policy decisions. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Challenges for EU governance through Neighbourhood Policy and Eastern Partnership: the values/security nexus in EU–Belarus relations

Whereas the European Union (EU) has had some effect on political and economic reforms in the Ukraine and Moldova, it almost completely failed to impress the regime and population of Belarus. Despite growing consensus at the EU level that the Union's policies for Eastern Europe cannot succeed without Belarus, few attempts have been made to account for the failure of EU governance in Belarus. Having recalled the current legal and institutional set-up of EU–Belarus relations, this article introduces the notion of the ‘values/security nexus’ to explain the limited impact of EU governance in Belarus. It argues that the highly contradictory normative objectives in the Union's current Neighbourhood Policy towards Belarus effectively undermine the EU's credibility in the country: idealist values of ‘winning the hearts and minds’ of the Belarusian population increasingly collide with traditional realist goals of protecting EU interests and the stability of the Belarusian state. By way of conclusion, the article highlights the challenges facing the EU's new Eastern Partnership, including Belarus.
Public Deliberation in an Age of Direct Citizen Participation

Citizen participation in the decisions that affect their lives is an imperative of contemporary society. For the first half of the 20th century, citizens relied on public officials and administrators to make decisions about public policy and its implementation. The latter part of the 20th century saw a shift toward greater direct citizen involvement. This trend is expected to grow as democratic societies become more decentralized, interdependent, networked, linked by new information technologies, and challenged by “wicked problems. ” The purpose of this article is to summarize the past experiments in direct citizen participation—the forms they take, the challenges they raise (including the need for redefined roles for public officials and citizens), and the consequences they produce. By laying out what has been done in the past, we are better positioned to identify the critical issues and challenges that remain for researchers and practitioners to address in the future.
Different predictors of neurological worsening in different causes of stroke.

OBJECTIVES To investigate clinical determinants of neurological worsening and to delineate its predictors. DESIGN Restrospective analysis of the data from the Lausanne Stroke Registry. PATIENTS A total of 3038 patients with first-ever stroke consecutively admitted to a primary-care stroke center. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Neurological worsening in the acute phase of stroke. RESULTS Neurological worsening was observed in 38% of 300 patients with brain hemorrhage, 34% of 1968 patients with noncardioembolic infarction, and 15% of 770 patients with cardioembolic infarction (P<.001). Neurological worsening was significantly less frequent in patients with small-artery disease than in those with large-artery atherosclerosis or other causes. A logistic multiple regression model in patients with noncardioembolic infarction showed age less than 65 years, hypertension, lesion outside the superficial anterior circulation, absence of transient ischemic attack, and reduced level of consciousness as the independent factors in the patients with small-artery disease, while it showed involvement of the posterior circulation and reduced level of consciousness in the patients with large-artery atherosclerosis. Severe functional disability or death was more common in patients with neurological worsening, both in patients with large-artery atherosclerosis and in those with small-artery disease (18% vs 9%; P<.001). CONCLUSIONS Determinants of neurological worsening may include causative aspects rather than just the evolution of the ischemic or hemorrhagic process itself. For a better comprehension and treatment of neurological worsening, the causative and pathophysiological conditions underlying stroke should be differentiated as early as possible.
Footprints near the surf: individual privacy decisions in online contexts

As more people seek the benefits of going online, more people are exposed to privacy risks from their time online. With a largely unregulated Internet, self-determination about privacy risks must be feasible for people from all walks of life. Yet in many cases decisions are either not obvious or not accessible. As one example, privacy policies are written beyond most adults reading comprehension level, and few people read policies let alone act based on the information policies contain. In my thesis I examine decisions made about threats from website data collection. In the course of multiple studies I use a variety of tools including lab-based studies, online studies, mental models interviews, economic analysis, and analysis of cookies used for tracking. Privacy literature is full of apparent conflicts between people saying they care very much about their privacy, yet not taking the steps required to protect their privacy. By using multiple approaches and crossing multiple disciplines I am able to contribute to a more coherent picture of whether people are able to make choices about protecting their online privacy.
Overexpression of Heme Oxygenase-1 Protects Dopaminergic Neurons against 1-Methyl-4-Phenylpyridinium-Induced Neurotoxicity

Heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) is up-regulated in response to oxidative stress and catalyzes the degradation of pro-oxidant heme to carbon monoxide (CO), iron, and bilirubin. Intense HO-1 immunostaining in the Parkinsonian brain is demonstrated, indicating that HO-1 may be involved in the pathogenesis of Parkinsonism. We here locally injected adenovirus containing human HO-1 gene (Ad-HO-1) into rat substantia nigra concomitantly with 1-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium (MPP+). Seven days after injection of MPP+ and Ad-HO-1, the brain was isolated for immunostaining and for measurement of dopamine content and inflammatory cytokines. It was found that overexpression of HO-1 significantly increased the survival rate of dopaminergic neurons; reduced the production of tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α) and interleukin-1β (IL-1β) in substantia nigra; antagonized the reduction of striatal dopamine content induced by MPP+; and also up-regulated brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) and glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF) expression in substantia nigra. Apomorphine-induced rotation after MPP+ treatment was also inhibited by Ad-HO-1. On the other hand, inhibition of HO enzymatic activity by zinc protoporphyrin-IX facilitated the MPP+-induced rotatory behavior and enhanced the reduction of dopamine content. HO-1 overexpression also protected dopaminergic neurons against MPP+-induced neurotoxicity in midbrain neuron-glia cocultures. Overexpression of HO-1 increased the expression of BDNF and GDNF in astrocytes and BDNF in neurons. Our results indicate that HO-1 induction exerts neuroprotection both in vitro and in vivo. Pharmacological or genetic approaches targeting HO-1 may represent a promising and novel therapeutic strategy in treating Parkinsonism.
Does health care utilization match needs in Africa? Challenging conventional needs measurement

textabstractAbstract. An equitable distribution of health care use, distributed according to people’s needs instead of ability to pay, is an important goal featuring on many health policy agendas worldwide. However, relatively little is known about the extent to which this principle is violated across socio-economic groups in Sub Saharan Africa (SSA). We examine cross-country comparative micro-data from eighteen SSA countries and find that (a) considerable inequalities in health care use exist and vary across countries, but that (b) identifying the extent to which these inequalities are unfair, i.e. do not correspond to inequalities in need, is not straightforward to ascertain with the conventional tools. These tools include rank-based measures such as the concentration index and the index of inequity. The two main concerns when using conventional tools to measure equity are (i) the reporting heterogeneity in self-reported health variables across socio-economic groups and (ii) the weak relationship between need and use. We show that the use of subjective self-reports of health leads to much lower measured degrees of socio-economic inequalities than those obtained using more objective indicators. This leads to an underestimation of the degree of inequity when using self-reported health measures. The observed weak relationship between indicators of ill-health and use of health care does not appear to provide an estimate of the adequate response to needs, which further puts a downward bias on equity measures. In all countries, apart from the more developed Mauritius, health care use is distributed according to wealth rather than to need. A better match of needs and use is realized in those countries with better governance and more physicians but, perhaps surprisingly, not those with greater urbanization. Given the importance of equity in many health policies worldwide, it is vital to develop more robust equity measures relevant to low income settings.
Multilateral Trade Cooperation: What Next?

This paper first briefly describes the role of the WTO and its history. It then lays out a simple bargaining model of international negotiations, which can be used for understanding the Doha round of talks. This simple framework is used to distil and discuss a number of potential explanations for the difficulties that have arisen in concluding these talks, as well as a number of systemic questions that confront WTO members. A key question is whether the WTO should concentrate primarily on market access or on further expanding its coverage to deal with regulatory issues or with other domestic policies that may have an impact on trade. Given the difficulties that arise in agreeing on 'behind the border' disciplines, we argue that a continued focus on market access and enforcement of market access commitments is likely to prove most fruitful.
A Relational Assessment of International Market Entry in Management Consulting

This paper criticizes conventional internationalization theory of the firm and argues for a relational perspective in the analysis of international expansion. Using in-depth empirical research from three European metropolitan case studies, the paper demonstrates that social networks (i) are the most frequent cause of international market entry and (ii) they systematically affect the organizational form of entry. A combination of qualitative exploration and logistic regression analysis of fieldwork and survey data suggests that the internationalization of business services cannot be fully understood from firm-specific resources alone, but it also has to take the context of external relationships into systematic consideration. The impact of social networks on entry form changes over time. With increasing international experience firms face fewer constraints on entering a foreign market through brownfield FDI. For economic geography, future analysis should focus more on the context of inter-firm relationships in order to overcome some of the too mechanical arguments about the process of firm internationalization. Copyright 2006, Oxford University Press.
The CAPM is Wanted, Dead or Alive

Kothari, Shanken, and Sloan (1995) claim that betas from annual returns produce a stronger positive relation between beta and average return than betas from monthly returns. They also contend that the relation between average return and book-to-market equity (BE/ME) is seriously exaggerated by survivor bias. We argue that survivor bias does not explain the relation between BE/ME and average return. We also show that annual and monthly betas produce the same inferences about the beta premium. Our main point on the beta premium is, however, more basic. It cannot save the Capital asset pricing model (CAPM), given the evidence that beta alone cannot explain expected return. Copyright 1996 by American Finance Association.
What Are The Growth Effect of Foreign Direct Investment And Trade in WAMZ

This study contributes to the debate about the impact of FDI and trade on growth using current panel data (1980-2010) from the WAMZ nations. Using a variety of modern estimation techniques, our overall findings showed that FDI has a significant positive impact on growth in the WAMZ. This impact was robust and unambiguous in all the alternative estimations that adjusted for the problem of feedback between FDI and growth as well as between trade and growth. However, the impact of trade on growth in the WAMZ was found to be negative- a result that tends to portray current un-favorable trade composition in the zone. In conclusion, we caution that until the current trade composition (characterized by persistent trade deficits, export of primary products, overdependence on imports, etc.) is reversed, countries in WAMZ may not be able to effectively use trade to record any significant growth in their economies. Key words: WAMZ, FDI, Panel Data, Growth
Happiness questions and government responses: A pilot study of what the general public makes of it all

The results from interviews conducted with 51 respondents represent a small contribution to an empirical research agenda designed to find out what goes into wellbeing reports and the appropriateness for policy analysis of what comes out. It appears that life satisfaction ratings are retrospective assessments of how life has gone thus far, or at least how the last few years have gone. Most respondents would be reluctant to take a pill to improve their life satisfaction. Respondents were also generally in favour of providing good public services and perhaps promoting the conditions for happiness rather than focussing on happiness itself. Some people did not think the government should be responsible for promoting happiness directly and others were against happiness as a goal of policy because people were seen as being too different for policies to actually make any difference. Convincing people like these of the merits of policies designed to improve SWB requires the development of good measures and design of good policies. good policies.
Susceptibility of some electronic equipment to HPEM threats

In this paper, an overview of the susceptibility of a large number of different electronic devices like computer networks, computer systems, microprocessor boards, microcontrollers, and other basic integrated circuits (ICs) to different threats like electromagnetic pulse (EMP), ultrawideband (UWB), and high-power microwave pulses (HPM) is given. The presented data will include a comparison of the HPM and UWB susceptibility of some devices and a deeper look into the destruction effects in ICs. Therefore, the ICs were opened and the destruction effects were investigated. A norm based approach to describe the threat of different pulses to electronic devices gives a theoretical explanation for the measured susceptibility data.
Overt and covert competition in a promiscuous mammal: the importance of weaponry and testes size to male reproductive success

Male contests for access to receptive females are thought to have selected for the larger male body size and conspicuous weaponry frequently observed in mammalian species. However, when females copulate with multiple males within an oestrus, male reproductive success is a function of both pre– and post–copulatory strategies. The relative importance of these overt and covert forms of sexual competition has rarely been assessed in wild populations. The Soay sheep mating system is characterized by male contests for mating opportunities and high female promiscuity. We find that greater horn length, body size and good condition each independently influence a male' ability to monopolize receptive females. For males with large horns at least, this behavioural success translates into greater siring success. Consistent with sperm–competition theory, we also find that larger testes are independently associated with both higher copulation rates and increased siring success. This advantage of larger testes emerges, and strengthens, as the number of oestrous females increases, as dominant males can no longer control access to them all. Our results thus provide direct quantitative evidence that male reproductive success in wild populations of mammals is dependent upon the relative magnitude of both overt contest competition and covert sperm competition.
Subsidiary use of Foreign Marketing Knowledge

A source of potentially valuable knowledge in multinational enterprises is foreign marketing knowledge—that is, knowledge from one country unit that may offer value and competitive advantage to marketing managers in other country units. This article builds on marketing and management knowledge transfer research to further understand both the conditions under which one subsidiary uses external knowledge from another subsidiary and the outcomes of such use in the subsidiary's market. Using the theory of value creation and appropriation and field interviews with headquarter and subsidiary marketing managers, the authors develop a model and research propositions of the enabling, motivating, and perceiving conditions that affect foreign marketing knowledge use and subsequent effects on marketing program effectiveness and efficiency, organization identification, and intellectual capital in subsidiaries of multinational enterprises.