Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Functional analysis of Kaposi's sarcoma–associated herpesvirus vFLIP expression reveals a new mode of IRES-mediated translation

Kaposi's sarcoma–associated herpesvirus (KSHV) is an oncogenic virus, the etiological agent of Kaposi's sarcoma (KS) and primary effusion lymphoma (PEL). One of the key viral proteins that contributes to tumorigenesis is vFLIP, a viral homolog of the FLICE inhibitory protein. This KSHV protein interacts with the NFκB pathway to trigger the expression of antiapoptotic and proinflammatory genes and ultimately leads to tumor formation. The expression of vFLIP is regulated at the translational level by an internal ribosomal entry site (IRES) element. However, the precise mechanism by which ribosomes are recruited internally and the exact location of the IRES has remained elusive. Here we show that a 252-nt fragment directly upstream of vFLIP, within a coding region, directs translation. We have established its RNA structure and demonstrate that IRES activity requires the presence of eIF4A and an intact eIF4G. Furthermore, and unusually for an IRES, eIF4E is part of the complex assembled onto the vFLIP IRES to direct translation. These molecular interactions define a new paradigm for IRES-mediated translation.
Social Work Methods and Skills: The Essential Foundations of Practice

PART I: THE CORE OF PROFESSIONAL SOCIAL WORK PRACTICE Social work methods in context: purposeful practice Professional communication skills PART II: WORKING WITH INDIVIDUALS Working with individuals to resolve life's problems Working with mandated individuals PART III: WORKING WITH FAMILIES AND GROUPS Working with families Working with groups PART IV: COMMUNITY WORK, POLICY PRACTICE AND ORGANISATIONAL CHANGE Community Work Policy Practice Conclusion: Creating a context for change
A design of high PSRR CMOS voltage reference based on subthreshold MOSFETs

Based on the principle of subthreshold voltage references, a voltage reference circuitry with high PSRR is proposed in this work. In HSPICE the simulation result shows that the PSRR performance of the circuit is very good as they are 53 dB at 100 KHz, 35 dB at 100 MHz and the max is close to 92 dB, the reference voltage is 706.92plusmn1. 16 mV and the average temperature coefficient is 12.9 ppm/degC at the 5 V supply voltage as well as the range of -55degC to +125degC. Moreover, the current dissipation is not more than 1.6 muA at 5 V.
Population biology of multispecies helminth infection: interspecific interactions and parasite distribution

Despite evidence for the existence of interspecific interactions between helminth species, there has been no theoretical exploration of their effect on the distribution of the parasite species in a host population. We use a deterministic model for the accumulation and loss of adult worms of 2 interacting helminth species to motivate an individual-based stochastic model. The mean worm burden and variance[ratio ]mean ratio (VMR) of each species, and the correlation between the two species are used to describe the distribution within different host age classes. We find that interspecific interactions can produce convex age-intensity profiles and will impact the level of aggregation (as measured by the VMR). In the absence of correlated exposure, the correlation in older age classes may be close to zero when either intra- or interspecific synergistic effects are strong. We therefore suggest examining the correlation between species in young hosts as a possible means of identifying interspecific interaction. The presence of correlation between the rates of exposure makes the interpretation of correlations between species more difficult. Finally we show that in the absence of interaction, strong positive correlations are generated by averaging across most age classes.
Kangaroo mother care to reduce morbidity and mortality in low birthweight infants.

BACKGROUND Kangaroo mother care (KMC), originally defined as skin-to-skin contact between a mother and her newborn, frequent and exclusive or nearly exclusive breastfeeding, and early discharge from hospital, has been proposed as an alternative to conventional neonatal care for low birthweight (LBW) infants. OBJECTIVES To determine whether there is evidence to support the use of KMC in LBW infants as an alternative to conventional neonatal care. SEARCH STRATEGY The standard search strategy of the Cochrane Neonatal Group was used. This included searches of MEDLINE, EMBASE, LILACS, POPLINE, CINAHL databases (from inception to January 31, 2011), and the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (The Cochrane Library, Issue 1, 2011). In addition, we searched the web page of the Kangaroo Foundation, conference and symposia proceedings on KMC, and Google scholar. SELECTION CRITERIA Randomized controlled trials comparing KMC versus conventional neonatal care, or early onset KMC (starting within 24 hours after birth) versus late onset KMC (starting after 24 hours after birth) in LBW infants. DATA COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS Data collection and analysis were performed according to the methods of the Cochrane Neonatal Review Group. MAIN RESULTS Sixteen studies, including 2518 infants, fulfilled inclusion criteria. Fourteen studies evaluated KMC in LBW infants after stabilization, one evaluated KMC in LBW infants before stabilization, and one compared early onset KMC with late onset KMC in relatively stable LBW infants. Eleven studies evaluated intermittent KMC and five evaluated continuous KMC. At discharge or 40 - 41 weeks' postmenstrual age, KMC was associated with a reduction in the risk of mortality (typical risk ratio (RR) 0.60, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.39 to 0.93; seven trials, 1614 infants), nosocomial infection/sepsis (typical RR 0.42, 95% CI 0.24 to 0.73), hypothermia (typical RR 0.23, 95% CI 0.10 to 0.55), and length of hospital stay (typical mean difference 2.4 days, 95% CI 0.7 to 4.1). At latest follow up, KMC was associated with a decreased risk of mortality (typical RR 0.68, 95% CI 0.48 to 0.96; nine trials, 1952 infants) and severe infection/sepsis (typical RR 0.57, 95% CI 0.40 to 0.80). Moreover, KMC was found to increase some measures of infant growth, breastfeeding, and mother-infant attachment. AUTHORS' CONCLUSIONS The evidence from this updated review supports the use of KMC in LBW infants as an alternative to conventional neonatal care mainly in resource-limited settings. Further information is required concerning effectiveness and safety of early onset continuous KMC in unstabilized LBW infants, long term neurodevelopmental outcomes, and costs of care.
A Novel Algorithm for Detecting Protein Complexes with the Breadth First Search

Most biological processes are carried out by protein complexes. A substantial number of false positives of the protein-protein interaction (PPI) data can compromise the utility of the datasets for complexes reconstruction. In order to reduce the impact of such discrepancies, a number of data integration and affinity scoring schemes have been devised. The methods encode the reliabilities (confidence) of physical interactions between pairs of proteins. The challenge now is to identify novel and meaningful protein complexes from the weighted PPI network. To address this problem, a novel protein complex mining algorithm ClusterBFS (Cluster with Breadth-First Search) is proposed. Based on the weighted density, ClusterBFS detects protein complexes of the weighted network by the breadth first search algorithm, which originates from a given seed protein used as starting-point. The experimental results show that ClusterBFS performs significantly better than the other computational approaches in terms of the identification of protein complexes.
Detection of Swimmer Based on Joint Utilization of Motion and Intensity Information

This paper presents a method for detecting swimmers in swimming pool. A vision based system for locating individual swimmers and recognizing the activities demands accurate detection of swimmer’s body parts such as head and limbs. Swimmer detection can be regarded as a background subtraction problem, which is very difficult due to a dynamic background with ripples, splashes, specular reflections, etc. Our method utilizes both local motion and intensity information estimated from the image sequence. Local motion information is obtained by computing optical flow and periodogram. We devise a scheme that can coarsely classify the image pixels into three types of motion – random/stationary, ripple and swimming. This motion map characterizes the local motion of image pixels over a short duration. We adopt the mixture of Gaussians for modeling the intensity information. Finally, by using the motion map and the Gaussian models, swimmers are detected in each video frame. Thorough tests have been performed using videos captured at daytime and nighttime, and different swimming styles (breaststroke, freestyle). Our method can detect swimmer better than using intensity information alone.
Counting Heartbeats at a Distance

In the present paper, we propose a new pulse measurement methodology based on thermal imaging (contact-free). The method capitalizes both on the thermal undulation produced by the traveling pulse as well as the periodic expansion of the compliant vessel wall. The paper reports experiments on 34 subjects, where it compares the performance of the new pulse measurement method to the one we reported previously. The measurements were ground-truthed through a piezo-electric sensor. Statistical analysis reveals that the new imaging methodology is more accurate and robust than the previous one. Its performance becomes nearly perfect, when the vessel is not obstructed by a thick fat deposit
Fuzzy Logic Based Control of a Grid Connected Hybrid Renewable Energy Sources

Renewable energy, such as wind, solar energy, is desirable for power generation due to their unlimited existence and environmental friendly nature. This paper deals with system integration and fuzzy logic based controller design for power management of a grid connected Hybrid renewable energy source (HRES). The hybrid system is the combination of photovoltaic (PV) array, wind turbine, and battery storage via a common current source interface multiple-input dc-dc converter. This converter is used to integrate the renewable energy sources to the utility grid. A two- level control system is implemented, comprising a Fuzzy logic controller, which ensures the power management between intermittent RE generation, energy storage, and grid, as well as local controllers for the photovoltaic, wind unit. Simulations are performed in MATLAB/Simulink.
Simultaneous optimization of damping and tracking controller parameters via selective pole placement for enhanced positioning bandwidth of nanopositioners

Positive Velocity and Position Feedback (PVPF) is a widely used control scheme in lightly damped resonant systems with collocated sensor actuator pairs. The popularity of PVPF is due to the ability to achieve a chosen damping ratio by repositioning the poles of the system. The addition of a necessary tracking controller causes the poles to deviate from the intended location and can be a detriment to the damping achieved. By designing the PVPF and tracking controllers simultaneously, the optimal damping and tracking can be achieved. Simulations show full damping of the first resonant mode whilst also achieving bandwidth greater than the natural frequency of the plant, allowing for high speed scanning with accurate tracking.
Ultrasound Detection of Salmonella Septic Arthritis in a Rheumatoid Arthritis Patient on Anti-TNF Treatment

We report a case of Salmonella septic arthritis detected by ultrasound in a 40-year-old man with rheumatoid arthritis while he was on anti–tumor necrosis factor-α monoclonal antibody certolizumab. An aspirate of his left elbow joint showed Salmonella enteritidis infection that was sensitive to ceftraixone. This was preceded by a brief episode of loose stools following a visit to the Far East. He was treated with antibiotics and made a good recovery. There have only been a few case reports of Salmonella septic arthritis in a rheumatoid arthritis patient on anti–tumor necrosis factor treatment but none previously in association with certolizumab.
Virulence Factors Associated with Enterococcus Faecalis Infective Endocarditis: A Mini Review

Introduction: The enterococci are accountable for up to 20% of all cases of infective endocarditis, with Enterococcus faecalis being the primary causative isolate. Infective endocarditis is a life-threatening infection of the endocardium that results in the formation of vegetations. Based on a literature review, this paper provides an overview of the virulence factors associated with E. faecalis infective endocarditis. Furthermore, it reports the effects of active or passive immunization against some of these involved factors. Individual virulence factors: Nine virulence factors have in particular been associated with E. faecalis infective endocarditis. Absence of these factors entailed attenuation of strains in both mixed- and mono-bacterial infection endocarditis models as well as in in vitro and ex vivo assays when compared to their virulence factor expressing parental strains. Pathogenesis: The virulence factors promote a broad spectrum of events that together allow for disease development and progression. The infection is initiated through bacterial binding to ligands present at the site of infection after which the colonization can be accelerated through inter-bacterial attachment and modulation of the host immune response. The formation and growth of the vegetation provide protection and promote growth. Controlled degeneration of the vegetation appears to increase the likelihood of embolization and dissemination, without exposing protected bacteria. Prophylactic immunization: In most cases, active and passive immunization against associated virulence factors provided partial protection. Future prospects: There is a need for further evaluation of the known virulence factors. Immunization against two or more virulence factors might be an effective prophylactic tool.
On the Economic and Budgetary Impact of Fiscal Devaluation in Portugal

In this paper we show that fiscal devaluation, of the most disputed issues in the current policy debate in Portugal, has the technical capacity to stimulate employment and investment and increase GDP while improving the foreign account position. More importantly, as this has been a point ignored in the debate, it can significantly contribute towards budgetary consolidation. Alfredo Marvao Pereira Department of Economics, The College of William and Mary, Williamsburg, USA PO Box 8795, Williamsburg, VA 23187 ampere@wm.edu Rui M. Pereira Department of Economics, The College of William and Mary, Williamsburg, USA PO Box 8795, Williamsburg, VA 23187 rui.marvao. pereira@gmail.com
An Algorithm of Data Aggregation Based on Data Compression for Sensor Networks

Considering the characteristics and location information of nodes in sensor networks, a modified directed transfer model of sensor networks and a new distributed data aggregation model based on "area" are proposed. On the basis of these new models, a novel mixed entropy data compression algorithm based on interval wavelet transforming is proposed for sensor network, according to the characteristics of data in sensor networks and the good performances of wavelet transforming in compression of the data stream. Theoretical analyses and simulation results show that, the above new methods can compress the data stream and reduce the energy costs of nodes in data transferring efficiently for sensor networks. So, it can prolong the lifetime of the whole networks to a greater degree when the above new methods are deployed with those traditional DC (data centric) routing
Clinical Approach to a Suspected Case of First Branchial Arch Syndrome

First branchial arch syndrome is a congenital disorder characterized by a wide spectrum of anomalies in the first branchial arch, mainly affecting the lower jaw, ear, or mouth, during early embryonic development. We sought to confirm a suspected case of this syndrome by making differential diagnosis and taking an intensive clinical approach. A 12-year-6-month-old girl with a horizontally impacted left canine in the maxilla had the history of digital fusion in her hands and feet and has been suffering from hearing impairment of her left ear. To diagnose this case and make her careful treatment plan, we further carried out cephalometric analysis and mutation analysis. Her face looks like asymmetry and is not apparently symmetric by cephalometric analysis. Mutation analysis of the patient was conducted by direct DNA sequencing of the goosecoid gene, which is an excellent candidate for determination of hemifacial microsomia, but no changes in this gene were identified. We could not precisely diagnose this case as first branchial arch syndrome. However, certain observations in this case, including hearing impairment of the left ear, allow us to suspect this syndrome.
The Need for Organizational Innovation in Public Elementary Schools

continuously changing. Generally, concepts such as information and technology, global communication, economic conditions, collisions between religious rules and modern thinking, transformations seen in societies’ traditions and cultures, and so on, force individuals and societies to change. As Hargreaves (2002) states, “we live in a world of endless and relentless change” (p. 189). Change is not a new concept for human beings, and it has been argued for ages. Indeed, it may be said that it is as old as human history. For instance, Heracleitus, a pre-Socratic who lived around 500 BCE, thought that panta rhei (everything is in flux; Alıç, 1990). According to Heracleitus, the only thing that does not change is change itself (Martí-Ibáñez, 1996). Everything seen as unchanging is, ipso facto, in the mood for giving birth to a new change situation. “What is new about change is that we have much more depth of meaning of the term” (Fullan, 1993, p. viii). Louis, Toole, and Hargreaves (1999) state that “the terms ‘change,’ ‘improvement,’ ‘implementation,’ and ‘reform’ are, along with others, often used interchangeably” and that “there are significant differences among these terms” (p. 251). In this study, change is used as a word not different from the word innovation, which has the general drift of controlled and planned change. Although there is a slight difference between these two words, this study does not aim to analyze the connotations of them in a semantic manner, and it uses the terms interchangeably. Briefly, we may say that both change and innovation are processes tending toward a positive and effective direction (Altrichter, 2000; Coriat, 2001; Eren, 1998; Fullan, 1991; Özdemir, 2000). We may feel various kinds of changes in every aspect of our lives, and these changes, with great impact, create new areas for upcoming changes in the future. These changes have effects on organizations, too. There is no organization that has the ability to make a stand against change or resist it. Like living creatures, organizations need to survive, and change is the element that can help any organization stay alive, as if it were the water of life for organizations. Owing to its impact on the organizations, innovation has become a
Hierarchical control method for manipulating/grasping tasks using multi-fingered robot hand

In this paper, we propose a hierarchical control method for manipulation/grasping tasks using multi-fingered robot hands. This method imitates human motion control. Human motion can be divided into two classes, reflex and voluntary movement. Reflex is suppressed by voluntary movement. In the proposed method, a robot hand's grasping control corresponds to human reflex and manipulation control corresponds to voluntary movement. We constructed a controller composed of a manipulation controller, grasping controller and suppresser. The grasping controller has fast feedback but can only execute simple motion. The manipulation controller has slow feedback, and can execute complex motion. Finally, the validity of the hierarchical method is confirmed by computer simulation of various tasks, i.e. grasping, manipulation, and re-grasping motion.
An XML-based Query Mechanism to Augment Awareness in Computer-integrated Classrooms

“Awareness” in a distant learning scenario is understood as the degree of achieving the same experience as in a face to face situation. I present a mechanism to obtain information in a Computer-integrated Classroom (CiC), based on access to several XML data sources, that will improve awareness within a face to face classroom situation. This mechanism should enable participants of the CiC, particularly the teacher, to increase their ability to manage the sessions efficiently, since they have help to access detailed information at the right moment.
The Plant Pathogen Phytophthora andina Emerged via Hybridization of an Unknown Phytophthora Species and the Irish Potato Famine Pathogen, P. infestans

Emerging plant pathogens have largely been a consequence of the movement of pathogens to new geographic regions. Another documented mechanism for the emergence of plant pathogens is hybridization between individuals of different species or subspecies, which may allow rapid evolution and adaptation to new hosts or environments. Hybrid plant pathogens have traditionally been difficult to detect or confirm, but the increasing ease of cloning and sequencing PCR products now makes the identification of species that consistently have genes or alleles with phylogenetically divergent origins relatively straightforward. We investigated the genetic origin of Phytophthora andina, an increasingly common pathogen of Andean crops Solanum betaceum, S. muricatum, S. quitoense, and several wild Solanum spp. It has been hypothesized that P. andina is a hybrid between the potato late blight pathogen P. infestans and another Phytophthora species. We tested this hypothesis by cloning four nuclear loci to obtain haplotypes and using these loci to infer the phylogenetic relationships of P. andina to P. infestans and other related species. Sequencing of cloned PCR products in every case revealed two distinct haplotypes for each locus in P. andina, such that each isolate had one allele derived from a P. infestans parent and a second divergent allele derived from an unknown species that is closely related but distinct from P. infestans, P. mirabilis, and P. ipomoeae. To the best of our knowledge, the unknown parent has not yet been collected. We also observed sequence polymorphism among P. andina isolates at three of the four loci, many of which segregate between previously described P. andina clonal lineages. These results provide strong support that P. andina emerged via hybridization between P. infestans and another unknown Phytophthora species also belonging to Phytophthora clade 1c.
Setting Reactions and Compressive Strengths of Calcium Phosphate Cements

Setting reactions and compressive strengths of a self-hardening calcium phosphate cement (CPC) were investigated. The CPC consists of tetracalcium phosphate (TTCP) and anhydrous dicalcium phosphate (DCPA). The cement specimens were prepared by mixing 0.7 g of the powder (TTCP 72.9 wt% + DCPA 27.1 wt%) with 0.175 mL of the liquid (25 mmol/L H3PO4 and 1.32 mmol/L sodium fluoride). The specimens were removed from the molds at pre-determined time intervals after being mixed, and their compressive strengths were measured. Immediately afterward, the fractured specimens were rapidly frozen in ethanol (- 80°C), lyophilized, and examined by powder x-ray diffraction and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The results showed that (1) hydroxyapatite was the only reaction product; (2) the reaction was nearly completed within four h, during which both the reaction product and compressive strength increased linearly with time, resulting in a strong correlation between the two; and (3) fully set CPC consisted primarily of small rod-like crystals and some platy crystals.