Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The Construct of Phenomenological Analysis: A case study of Interpretive Phenomenological Analysis (IPA)

Phenomenological research is a qualitative research approach that questions whether perception mirrors reality or not to understand and describe the universal essence of a phenomenon. This phenomenological approach investigates the everyday experiences of human beings while holding the researchers’ preconceived assumptions about the phenomenon (practicing epoché). Phenomenological research designs have different types and purposes to use in the research that offer unique perspectives and theoretical frameworks for understanding lived experiences. By learning about various approaches, researchers can gain a more nuanced understanding of the phenomenon under study and explore different dimensions of the lived experience. For novice researchers in academia and/or beginners in qualitative research, understanding these approaches and validating when to use what, are challenging tasks. This study addresses and identifies four aspects of phenomenological research. Also, the study showcases one type of phenomenological study which is the Interpretative Phenomenological Analysis (IPA) including its applied method, challenges and opportunities. The study recruited 20 participants to interview and analyze the scripts using IPA approach. The study informs qualitative researchers who conduct their study around human experience and the perception about this experience, to help them gaining a broader range of tools and methods to draw upon in their research, allowing them to tailor their approach to the specific needs of their study.
Shedding Light on the Photophysics and Photochemistry of I-Motifs Using Quantum Mechanical Calculations

I-motifs are non-canonical DNA structures formed by intercalated hemiprotonated (CH·C)+ pairs, i.e., formed by a cytosine (C) and a protonated cytosine (CH+), which are currently drawing great attention due to their biological relevance and promising nanotechnological properties. It is important to characterize the processes occurring in I-motifs following irradiation by UV light because they can lead to harmful consequences for genetic code and because optical spectroscopies are the most-used tools to characterize I-motifs. By using time-dependent DFT calculations, we here provide the first comprehensive picture of the photoactivated behavior of the (CH·C)+ core of I-motifs, from absorption to emission, while also considering the possible photochemical reactions. We reproduce and assign their spectral signatures, i.e., infrared, absorption, fluorescence and circular dichroism spectra, disentangling the underlying chemical–physical effects. We show that the main photophysical paths involve C and CH+ bases on adjacent steps and, using this basis, interpret the available time-resolved spectra. We propose that a photodimerization reaction can occur on an excited state with strong C→CH+ charge transfer character and examine some of the possible photoproducts. Based on the results reported, some future perspectives for the study of I-motifs are discussed.
Compact Wideband Dual-Polarized Antenna Using Shared Dipoles Loaded With Partially Coupled Stubs

In this letter, a compact wideband dual-polarized antenna using shared dipoles loaded with partially coupled stubs is presented. The radiator comprises two pairs of shared dipoles and four pairs of partially coupled stubs arranged in a ring pattern, which are fed by coplanar-strip lines. The utilization of shared dipoles results in a highly compact antenna design. Meanwhile, to improve the bandwidth, the partially coupled stubs are loaded on the shared dipole without increasing the size. Besides, the folding of stubs enables partial coupling between adjacent stubs, thus improving their radiation performance. Therefore, the antenna gain and half-power beamwidth can be stabilized across the whole band. For verification, a prototype of the antenna is manufactured and tested. The measured results indicate that our proposed antenna obtains a fractional bandwidth of 77.7% (covering from 1.7 to 3.86 GHz) with an in-band return loss better than 14 dB and port isolation greater than 29 dB. Meanwhile, the gain and HPBW are stable in the working band, which are 8 ± 0.6 dBi and 72° ± 5°, respectively.
Automated Conversion From Lut-Based FPGAs to LUT-Based MPGAs

A conversion flow from a Xilinx Virtex-II Pro FPGA to a Zelix MPGA has been presented. The Zelix MPGA has a predefined regular interconnect. Experimental investigations (Feredas et al.,2006) indicate that the FPGA interconnect has more delay than the proposed MPGA. With better timing closure, studies with the MPGA router shows that a relaxed routing is area prohibitive. Timing integrity seems to be obtainable with high security
Building Democracy for All OER Ebook: A Design Case

In this paper, we discuss the design and development of an eBook titled Building Democracy for All: Interactive Explorations of Government and Civic Life, which serves as an open educational resource for the eighth-grade Massachusetts social studies curriculum standards. This design case offers an example of an interactive, student-centered, multimodal, multicultural open-access eBook.
Bioefficacy evaluation of bifenthrin 10EC against major pests of rice.

Field efficacy of bifenthrin 10EC at 25, 50 and 75g ai/ha was evaluated against rice stem borer Scirpophaga incertulas Walker, leaf folder Cnaphalocrocis medinalis Guenee and green leaf hopper Nephotettix virescens Distant along with two standard insecticides viz., lambda cyhalothrin (Karate 5EC) and chlorpyriphos (Dursban 20EC) during Kuruvai and Navarai 2006 and Navarai, 2007 seasons at Annamalai University Experimental farm, Annamalainagar. Results revealed that bifenthrin 10EC @ 75g ai/ha was the most effective against tested insects followed by bifenthrin 10EC at 50 and 25g ai/ha. Other chemicals also proved effective than control.
VERSLAS: TEORIJA IR PRAKTIKA / BUSINESS: THEORY AND PRACTICE

The purpose of this study is to analyze the effect of power asymmetry, commitment and trust to business performance. In a business relation, the role of power asymmetry, commitment and trust are importance to maintain the quality of a relationship. Business performance is an important factor to decide whether a business relation should be continued or terminated. We conducted a survey with traditional SME retailers in Indonesia as the respondents, which were obtained through purposive sampling methods. This study involved 245 SME retailers who have business relation with modern companies as their supplier. We adopted Morgan and Hunt’s (1994) model of relationship marketing for business to business in order to analyze the relationship among companies in business network. The result shows that power asymmetry, commitment and trust have significant, positive effects on business performance. The implication of this study is: power asymmetry between modern companies and SME potentially accelerates their performance, while commitment and trust will provide firm foundation for the companies involved in the business relation. In overall, power asymmetry has impact for firm with lack of bargaining position in business relation, thus instead of being exploited, SME retailers can increase their business performance due to partner’s pressure and demand to their performance.
Scalp-based parcellation for longitudinal fNIRS studies

Functional near infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS) delivers a flexible, portable, and wearable technique for monitoring brain function in situations where fMRI is not feasible, not suitable, or inaccessible. However, variations in optode locations and head shapes and sizes throughout development lead to considerable challenges in group-based and longitudinal studies that generally use either channel-focused analyses or image reconstruction techniques that require strong participant-atlas correspondence. We present a scalp-based parcellation technique that compensates for variation in optode array placement and general head morphology and accounts for fNIRS spatial sampling with minimal assumptions about the underlying head and brain structure to support robust statistical analyses.
AN EVALUATION OF TOTAL PROJECT RISK BASED ON FUZZY LOGIC

The article deals with the use of fuzzy logic as a support of evaluation of total project risk. A brief description of actual project risk management, fuzzy set theory, fuzzy logic and the process of calculation is given. The major goal of this paper is to present am new expert decision-making fuzzy model for evaluating total project risk. This fuzzy model based on RIPRAN method. RIPRAN (RIsk PRoject ANalysis) method is an empirical method for the analysis of project risks. The Fuzzy Logic Toolbox in MATLAB software was used to create the decision-making fuzzy model. The advantage of the fuzzy model is the ability to transform the input variables The Number of Sub-Risks (NSR) and The Total Value of Sub-Risks (TVSR) to linguistic variables, as well as linguistic evaluation of the Total Value of Project Risk (TVPR) – output variable. With this approach it is possible to simulate the risk value and uncertainty that are always associated with real projects. The scheme of the model, rule block, attributes and their membership functions are mentioned in a case study. The use of fuzzy logic is a particular advantage in decision-making processes where description by algorithms is extremely difficult and criteria are multiplied.
Cost-effectiveness analysis of once-daily oral semaglutide versus placebo and subcutaneous glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists added to insulin in patients with type 2 diabetes in China

Introduction: Oral semaglutide is a glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonist (GLP-1 RA) that improves glycated hemoglobin levels and body weight in patients with type 2 diabetes (T2DM). We aim to evaluate the cost-effectiveness of once-daily oral semaglutide in comparison to placebo and injectable GLP-1 RAs in Chinese patients with T2DM inadequately controlled on basal insulin. Methods: The United Kingdom Prospective Diabetes Study Outcomes Model (UKPDS OM2.1) was used to estimate the cost-effectiveness by calculating the incremental cost-effectiveness ratio (ICER). Baseline characteristics of the simulation cohort were obtained from the PIONEER 8 trial. Utility and safety inputs were derived from a network meta-analysis of 12 trials. Direct medical costs were retrieved from published literature and discounted at an annual rate of 5%. We used a willingness-to-pay (WTP) threshold of $36,528.3 per quality-adjusted life-year (QALY) gained. Scenario analysis, and one-way and probabilistic sensitivity analysis were performed. Results: The effectiveness of oral semaglutide was 10.39 QALYs with a total cost of $30,223.10, while placebo provided 10.13 QALYs at a lower total cost of $20,039.19. Oral semaglutide was not cost-effective at an ICER of $39,853.22 and $88,776.61 per QALY compared to placebo and exenatide at the WTP. However, at an annual price of $1,871.9, it was cost-effective compared with dulaglutide, liraglutide, and lixisenatide. The model was most sensitive to the discount rate and annual cost of oral semaglutide. The price of oral semaglutide needed to be reduced to $1,711.03 per year to be cost-effective compared to placebo and other injectable GLP-1 RAs except for exenatide and semaglutide injection. Conclusion: We found that once-daily oral semaglutide, at a comparable price of semaglutide injection, proves to be a cost-effective add-on therapy to insulin for Chinese patients with T2DM, especially when compared to subcutaneous GLP-1 RAs other than injectable semaglutide and exenatide. However, to achieve cost-effectiveness in comparison to placebo, further cost reduction of oral semaglutide is necessary. The estimated annual cost of $1,711.03 for oral semaglutide demonstrates a more cost-effective option than placebo, highlighting its potential value in the management of T2DM.
The Effect of Exchange Value and Inflation on Non-Oil and Gas Export Value Period 2015 – 2021

This study aims to analyze the effect of Exchange Rates and Inflation on the Value of Non-Oil and Gas Exports. The independent variables used in this research are the Exchange and Inflation rates. The dependent variable used is the value of Indonesia's Non-Oil and Gas Exports. Data collection uses secondary data obtained from Badan Pusat Statistik and Bank Indonesia period 2015-2021, the data is analyzed using multiple linear regression analysis which is processed using the Eviews program version 12. The results of this study indicate that the variables Exchange Rate and Inflation affect Export Value Non-Oil and Gas. The Exchange Rate does not affect the Non-Oil and Gas Exports Value. The Inflation Rate affects the Value of Non-Oil and Gas Exports.
Association Between Sleep Duration and Stroke in Different Status of Metabolic Syndrome: A Cross-Sectional Study in Shanghai Adult Residents

Purpose This study aimed to investigate the relationship between sleep duration (SD) and stroke, and examine the effects of SD on stroke with or without metabolic syndrome (Mets) and its components among the adult residents in Shanghai, China. Participants and Methods A total of 20,245 participants (51.72% male, mean age 44.66 years) were included from Shanghai Chronic Disease and Risk Factors Surveillance (SCDRFS) in 2017. The weighted logistic regressions were performed to examine the associations between SD and stroke in different status of Mets and its components. Results The mean SD was 7.51±0.03 h/d. After adjusting for all the potential factors, SD<6 h/d (OR=1.73, 95% CI: 1.35–2.20) or ≥10 h/d (OR=1.66, 95% CI: 1.08–2.57) was significantly positively associated with stoke in the total participants; moreover, in the non-Mets group, only SD<6 h/d (OR=1.77, 95% CI: 1.19, 2.64) significantly increased the risk of stroke; while, in the Mets group, SD<6 h/d (OR=1.80, 95% CI:1.17–2.76) and ≥10 h/d (OR=1.97, 95% CI: 1.00–3.88) both had a positive significantly association with stoke. In addition, the effects of SD<6 h/d on stroke were more pronounced among those with high WC (OR=2.24, 95% CI: 1.40–3.58) and high TG (OR=2.60, 95% CI: 1.86–3.62), and the effects of SD≥10 h/d on stroke were more evident among those with high TG (OR=2.28, 95% CI: 1.02–5.08) and high FBG (OR=2.58, 95% CI: 1.30–5.10). Conclusion Both short and long SD were significantly positively associated with stroke in the total participants, and the associations were stronger in the Mets group; conversely, in the non-Mets group, only short SD was significantly positively associated with stroke, and no significant association was observed between long SD and stroke. Therefore, more precise sleep measures may be needed to prevent stroke according to the different status of Mets.
The effectiveness of robotic-assisted upper limb rehabilitation to improve upper limb function in patients with cervical spinal cord injuries: a systematic literature review

Background Spinal Cord Injury (SCI) damages corticospinal tracts and descending motor pathways responsible for transmitting signals from the brain to the spinal cord, leading to temporary or permanent changes in sensation, motor function, strength, and body function below the site of injury. Cervical SCI (cSCI), which leads to tetraplegia, causes severe functional upper limb (UL) impairments that increase falls risk, limits independence, and leads to difficulties with activities of daily living (ADLs). Robotic therapy (RT) has been developed in recent decades as a new treatment approach for people with cervical spinal cord injuries (cSCI). The present review aimed to explore current available evidence and studies regarding the effectiveness of RT for individuals with cSCI in improving UL function, identify current research gaps and future research directions. Method This review was conducted by searching PubMed, CINAHL, Medline, Embase, and APA PsycInfo for relevant studies published from January 2010 to January 2022. Selected studies were analyzed with a focus on the patients’ self-perception of limited UL function and level of independence in activities of daily living. In addition, the JBI Critical Appraisal checklist was used to assess study quality. Results A total of 7 articles involving 87 patients (74 males and 13 females) were included in the analysis, with four studies utilizing exoskeleton and three studies utilizing end-effector robotic devices, respectively. The quality of these studies varied between JBI Critical Appraisal scores of 4 to 8. Several studies lacked blinding and a control group which affected internal validity. Nevertheless, four out of seven studies demonstrated statistically significant improvements in outcome measurements on UL function and strength after RT. Conclusion This review provided mixed evidence regarding the effectiveness of RT as a promising intervention approach to improve upper limb function in participants with cSCI. Although RT was shown to be safe, feasible, and reduces active therapist time, further research on the long-term effects of UL RT is still needed. Nevertheless, this review serves as a useful reference for researchers to further develop exoskeletons with practical and plausible applications toward geriatric orthopaedics.
Mass Spectral Imaging to Map Plant–Microbe Interactions

Plant–microbe interactions are of rising interest in plant sustainability, biomass production, plant biology, and systems biology. These interactions have been a challenge to detect until recent advancements in mass spectrometry imaging. Plants and microbes interact in four main regions within the plant, the rhizosphere, endosphere, phyllosphere, and spermosphere. This mini review covers the challenges within investigations of plant and microbe interactions. We highlight the importance of sample preparation and comparisons among time-of-flight secondary ion mass spectroscopy (ToF-SIMS), matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization (MALDI), laser desorption ionization (LDI/LDPI), and desorption electrospray ionization (DESI) techniques used for the analysis of these interactions. Using mass spectral imaging (MSI) to study plants and microbes offers advantages in understanding microbe and host interactions at the molecular level with single-cell and community communication information. More research utilizing MSI has emerged in the past several years. We first introduce the principles of major MSI techniques that have been employed in the research of microorganisms. An overview of proper sample preparation methods is offered as a prerequisite for successful MSI analysis. Traditionally, dried or cryogenically prepared, frozen samples have been used; however, they do not provide a true representation of the bacterial biofilms compared to living cell analysis and chemical imaging. New developments such as microfluidic devices that can be used under a vacuum are highly desirable for the application of MSI techniques, such as ToF-SIMS, because they have a subcellular spatial resolution to map and image plant and microbe interactions, including the potential to elucidate metabolic pathways and cell-to-cell interactions. Promising results due to recent MSI advancements in the past five years are selected and highlighted. The latest developments utilizing machine learning are captured as an important outlook for maximal output using MSI to study microorganisms.
Comparative Evaluation of GS-441524, Teriflunomide, Ruxolitinib, Molnupiravir, Ritonavir, and Nirmatrelvir for In Vitro Antiviral Activity against Feline Infectious Peritonitis Virus

Simple Summary Developing effective drugs for feline infectious peritonitis (FIP) caused by feline coronavirus (FCoV) is crucial due to its global prevalence and severity in cats. Six antiviral drugs were tested for their cytotoxicity and antiviral efficacies against FCoV in this study. These drugs exhibited minimal to mild cellular toxicity in the cytotoxicity assay. GS441524 and nirmatrelvir exhibited the least detrimental effects on the CRFK cells, with 50% cytotoxic concentration (CC50) values of 260.0 µM and 279.1 µM, respectively, while ritonavir showed relatively higher toxicity (CC50 = 39.9 µM). In dose–response analysis, GS441524, nirmatrelvir, and molnupiravir demonstrated promising results with selectivity index values of 165.54, 113.67, and 29.27, respectively, against FIPV. Our study suggests that nirmatrelvir and molnupiravir hold potential for FIPV treatment and could serve as alternatives for GS441524. Abstract Feline infectious peritonitis (FIP), caused by feline coronavirus (FcoV), is considered one of the most enigmatic diseases in cats. Developing effective drugs for FIP is crucial due to its global prevalence and severity. In this study, six antiviral drugs were tested for their cytotoxicity, cell viability, and antiviral efficacies in Crandell-Reese feline kidney cells. A cytotoxicity assay demonstrated that these drugs were safe to be used with essentially no cytotoxicity with concentrations as high as 250 µM for ruxolitinib; 125 µM for GS441524; 63 µM for teriflunomide, molnupiravir, and nirmatrelvir; and 16 µM for ritonavir. GS441524 and nirmatrelvir exhibited the least detrimental effects on the CRFK cells, with 50% cytotoxic concentration (CC50) values of 260.0 µM and 279.1 µM, respectively, while ritonavir showed high toxicity (CC50 = 39.9 µM). In the dose–response analysis, GS441524, nirmatrelvir, and molnupiravir demonstrated promising results with selectivity index values of 165.54, 113.67, and 29.27, respectively, against FIPV. Our study suggests that nirmatrelvir and molnupiravir hold potential for FIPV treatment and could serve as alternatives to GS441524. Continued research and development of antiviral drugs are essential to ensure the well-being of companion animals and improve our preparedness for future outbreaks of coronaviruses affecting animals and humans alike.
This is a fish

In this paper we describe a single and incomplete fossil fish specimen collected in the Ixtapa fossiliferous site, located at the Ixtapa municipality, near Tuxtla Gutiérrez City, Chiapas, southeastern Mexico. The Ixtapa site contains ashfall sediments deposited under fluvio-lacustrine conditions, which belong to the Upper Miocene continental sediments of the Ixtapa Formation. The fossil assemblage previously recovered in this formation includes abundant angiosperm leaves, charophytes, and aquatic gastropods, as well as terrestrial mammals including horses, rhinoceros, and proboscideans. This first fossil fish from Ixtapa is considered a member of the Subdivision Percomorphaceae because its dorsal and anal fins have unsegmented spines and its caudal fin lacks the ural centrum 2. The imperfect preservation of this specimen impedes a taxonomical deter-mination at species level; however, this fossil reveals the occurrence of primary freshwater percomorphs in the southern end of Mexico since the Miocene–Pliocene. Hence, the present discovery constitutes an important complement to understand the freshwater fish diversity in this region through time.