Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Identifying factors of geographic event conceptualisation

The present paper examines whether the formal topological characterisation of spatial relations between moving geographic regions provides an adequate basis for the human conceptualisation of motion events for those regions. The paper focuses on gradual changes in topological relationships caused by continuous transformations of the regions (specifically, translations). Using a series of experiments, the conceptualisation and perception of conceptual neighborhoods is investigated. In particular, the role of conceptual neighborhoods in characterising motion events is scrutinised. The experiments employ a grouping paradigm and a custom‐made tool for presenting animated icons. The analysis examines whether paths through a conceptual neighborhood graph sufficiently characterise the conceptualisation of the movement of two regions. The results of the experiments show that changes in topological relations—as detailed by paths through a conceptual neighborhood graph—are not sufficient to characterise the cognitive conceptualisation of moving regions. The similarity ratings show clear effects of perceptually and conceptually induced groupings such as identity (which region is moving), reference (whether a larger or a smaller region is moving), and dynamics (whether both regions are moving at the same time).
Constraining ΩM and Dark Energy with Gamma-Ray Bursts

An Eγ, jet ∝ E relationship with a small scatter for current gamma-ray burst (GRB) data was recently reported, where Eγ, jet is the beaming-corrected gamma-ray energy and E is the νFν peak energy in the local observer frame. By considering this relationship for a sample of 12 GRBs with known redshift, peak energy, and break time of afterglow light curves, we constrain the mass density of the universe and the nature of dark energy. We find that the mass density ΩM = 0.35 (at the 1 σ confidence level) for a flat universe with a cosmological constant, and the w parameter of an assumed static dark energy equation of state w = -0.84 (1 σ). Our results are consistent with those from Type Ia supernovae. A larger sample established by the upcoming Swift satellite is expected to provide further constraints.
The pioneer factor OCT4 requires the chromatin remodeller BRG1 to support gene regulatory element function in mouse embryonic stem cells

Pioneer transcription factors recognise and bind their target sequences in inaccessible chromatin to establish new transcriptional networks throughout development and cellular reprogramming. During this process, pioneer factors establish an accessible chromatin state to facilitate additional transcription factor binding, yet it remains unclear how different pioneer factors achieve this. Here, we discover that the pluripotency-associated pioneer factor OCT4 binds chromatin to shape accessibility, transcription factor co-binding, and regulatory element function in mouse embryonic stem cells. Chromatin accessibility at OCT4-bound sites requires the chromatin remodeller BRG1, which is recruited to these sites by OCT4 to support additional transcription factor binding and expression of the pluripotency-associated transcriptome. Furthermore, the requirement for BRG1 in shaping OCT4 binding reflects how these target sites are used during cellular reprogramming and early mouse development. Together this reveals a distinct requirement for a chromatin remodeller in promoting the activity of the pioneer factor OCT4 and regulating the pluripotency network. DOI: http://dx.doi. org/10.7554/eLife.22631. 001
Angiogenic Factors in Women Ten Years after Severe Very Early Onset Preeclampsia

Background Women with a history of mainly severe and early onset preeclampsia have an increased risk of future cardiovascular disease. During these complicated pregnancies increased levels of anti-angiogenic factors can be found. We hypothesize that women with a history of severe very early onset preeclampsia still have increased levels of these biomarkers years after this pregnancy, resulting in increased risk for cardiovascular disease. Methods Twenty women with severe early onset preeclampsia before 24 weeks' gestation, who delivered between 1993–2003 in a tertiary referral centre and twenty matched controls with uncomplicated pregnancies and healthy term infants, were addressed for participation in the study. Venous plasma samples were analyzed for basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF), placental growth factor (PLGF), soluble fms-like tyrosine kinase-1 (sFlt-1), vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), E- and P-selectin, soluble intercellular adhesion molecule-3 (sICAM-3) and thrombomodulin by ELISA. Results Sixteen case subjects and 18 control subjects consented participation. The median time interval index pregnancy to study was 9.4 and 9.7 years for cases and controls, respectively. Median levels for cases-controls (p-value) were not different; bFGF: 17.43–11.11 pg/mL (0.33), sFlt-1: 102.98–101.92 pg/ml (0.84), PLGF: 3.57–4.20 pg/mL (0.38), VEGF: 64.05–45.72 pg/mL (0.73), E-selectin: 5.11–4.68 ng/mL (0.20), P-selectin: 85.35–71.69 ng/mL (0.69), sICAM-3: 0.42–0.63 ng/mL (0.41) and Thrombomodulin: 0.92–0.93 ng/mL (0.59). Conclusion There were no differences in angiogenic biomarkers between women with a history of severe early onset preeclampsia versus uncomplicated pregnancy almost 10 years later, suggesting that these angiogenic factors will not contribute to the early detection of women at risk for future cardiovascular disease.
Importance of abdominal circumference and body mass index values in predicting male hypogonadism – A practical approach

ABSTRACT Objective The objective of this study was to correlate the values of abdominal circumference (AC) and body mass index (BMI) with the levels of total testosterone (TT), free testosterone (FT) and sexual hormone binding globulin (SHBG). We aimed to analyze the association between the anthropometric values and variations in the hormonal levels. Subjects and methods A transversal prospective study was conducted. A total of 159 patients were included in the study. Results BMI was inversely correlated with TT and SHBG (p = 0.02 and p = 0.006, respectively). AC was also inversely correlated withTT and SHBG (p = 0.006 and p < 0.0001, respectively). However, BMI did not correlate signicantly with these hormonal levels after adjusting for age. Conclusion This finding led to the conclusion that AC had a stronger inverse correlation than BMI with TT and SHBG. Our data suggested that AC alone can be used as an anthropometric parameter to help simplify the identification of men with low serum TT levels.
Influences on Adolescent Job Choice: Implications for Teaching Career Awareness in Agricultural Education.

This study compared students choosing agriculture as a career to those choosing other occupations. Previous research conducted by Conr oy (1996) identified predictors of occupational choice among rural youth . An examination of those predictors, comparing the two groups of students, revealed that there were few differences between students whether they chose agriculture as a career option or some other career. Differences did exist, however, based on gender and father’s occupation, a variable considered to be a proxy for socioeconomic status. Findings supported prior research which suggested that family interactions are keys to vocational identity development (Steinberg, 1989; Erikson, 1963, cited in Herr, 1972). Therefore, to be effective, career awareness and educational programs must not only provide factual information about careers, they must also provide activities to reduce stereotypes commonly held about certain occupations (Steinberg, 1989; Harter, 1990). Programs that do not do this may not achieve their goals of successfully recruiting students into agriculture.
Preference Elicitation in DCOPs for Scheduling Devices in Smart Buildings

Researchers have used Distributed Constraint Optimization Problems (DCOPs) as a powerful approach to model various multi-agent coordination problems, taking into account their preferences and constraints. A core limitation of this model is the assumption that all agents’ preferences are specified a priori. However, in a number of application domains such knowledge become available only after being elicited from users in these domains. In this abstract, we explore the effects of preference elicitation in our motivating application of scheduling smart appliances with the aim of reducing users’ electricity bill cost as well as increasing their comfort.
String matching with multicore CPUs: Performing better with the Aho-Corasick algorithm

Multiple string matching is known as locating all the occurrences of a given number of patterns in an arbitrary string. It is used in bio-computing applications where the algorithms are commonly used for retrieval of information such as sequence analysis and gene/protein identification. Extremely large amount of data in the form of strings has to be processed in such bio-computing applications. Therefore, improving the performance of multiple string matching algorithms is always desirable. Multicore architectures are capable of providing better performance by parallelizing the multiple string matching algorithms. The Aho-Corasick algorithm is the one that is commonly used in exact multiple string matching algorithms. The focus of this paper is the acceleration of Aho-Corasick algorithm through a multicore CPU based software implementation. Through our implementation and evaluation of results, we prove that our method performs better compared to the state of the art.
Inference of Regulatory Gene Interactions from Expression Data Using Three‐Way Mutual Information

This paper describes the technique designated best performer in the 2nd conference on Dialogue for Reverse Engineering Assessments and Methods (DREAM2) Challenge 5 (unsigned genome‐scale network prediction from blinded microarray data). Existing algorithms use the pairwise correlations of the expression levels of genes, which provide valuable but insufficient information for the inference of regulatory interactions. Here we present a computational approach based on the recently developed context likelihood of related (CLR) algorithm, extracting additional complementary information using the information theoretic measure of synergy and assigning a score to each ordered pair of genes measuring the degree of confidence that the first gene regulates the second. When tested on a set of publicly available Escherichia coli gene‐expression data with known assumed ground truth, the synergy augmented CLR (SA‐CLR) algorithm had significantly improved prediction performance when compared to CLR. There is also enhanced potential for biological discovery as a result of the identification of the most likely synergistic partner genes involved in the interactions.
Preparation of cross-linked hyaluronic acid film using 2-chloro-1-methylpyridinium iodide or water-soluble 1-ethyl-(3,3-dimethylaminopropyl)carbodiimide

In order to obtain much slower biodegradable films, which are often required for biomedical applications, we have developed a series of studies on heterogeneous cross-linking of hyaluronic acid (HA) films by using 2-chloro-1-methylpyridinium iodide (CMPI) or 1-ethyl-(3,3- dimethylaminopropyl)carbodiimide (EDC) as cross-linking reagents. From the in vitro degradation rate, we found that EDC cross-linked HA films completely dissolved in PBS at 37 °C during the period of 4-6 days. However, CMPI cross-linked HA films showed only a low percentage of weight loss over 30 days. This phenomenon could be explained from the mechanism of reaction between carboxyl group of HA and EDC. The latter reacted with carboxyl group to form an unstable intermediate O-acylurea, which showed a relatively low reactivity and quickly rearranged to form a stable N-acylurea. Thus, most of the EDC-activated carboxyl groups in HA were chemically transferred into N-acylurea or left as unreactive O-acylurea, and only a few of cross-linking bonds were formed between HA. On the other hand, the intermediate obtained from the reaction between carboxyl group and CMPI showed a relatively high reactivity and reacted with the hydroxyl group of the same and/or different molecules of HA to form an inter- and intramolecular esterification. Apparently, CMPI cross-linked HA films have a much higher cross-linking density and constructed a more rigid three-dimensional network. Therefore, it produced HA films, which dramatically increased its enzymatic stability in aqueous solution of hyaluronidase. The obtained results from elemental analyses, FT-IR spectra and NMR spectra also indicate that acylurea groups were introduced into EDC-cross-linked HA films.
Programação de contingências reforçadoras no fortalecimento de repertórios pró-sociais no contexto escolar

The present study investigated the effect of reinforcing contingencies on the increase in the prosocial behavior of students in the school context. Radical Behaviorism has a powerful arsenal to contribute to improvement in Education, especially the positive reinforcement principle. Twenty students, three teachers and the school co-coordinator participated in this study. The experimental conditions were: Baseline and intervention, presentation of the principles of experimental analysis to teachers and the school coordinator and the practice of activities that focus on pro-social behavior with the students. The results indicate a reduction in the frequency of anti-social behavior, an increase in pro-social behavior, increased student participation in the schools program of activities and a reduction in the frequency of aversive control by teachers. These data confirm that reinforcing contingencies were effective in strengthening pro-social behavior.
Explicit and Implicit Contributions to Learning in a Sensorimotor Adaptation Task

Visuomotor adaptation has been thought to be an implicit process that results when a sensory-prediction error signal is used to update a forward model. A striking feature of human competence is the ability to receive verbal instructions and employ strategies to solve tasks; such explicit processes could be used during visuomotor adaptation. Here, we used a novel task design that allowed us to obtain continuous verbal reports of aiming direction while participants learned a visuomotor rotation. We had two main hypotheses: the contribution of explicit learning would be modulated by instruction and the contribution of implicit learning would be modulated by the form of error feedback. By directly assaying aiming direction, we could identify the time course of the explicit component and, via subtraction, isolate the implicit component of learning. There were marked differences in the time courses of explicit and implicit contributions to learning. Explicit learning, driven by target error, was achieved by initially large then smaller explorations of aiming direction biased toward the correct solution. In contrast, implicit learning, driven by a sensory-prediction error, was slow and monotonic. Continuous error feedback reduced the amplitude of explicit learning and increased the contribution of implicit learning. The presence of instruction slightly increased the rate of initial learning and only had a subtle effect on implicit learning. We conclude that visuomotor adaptation, even in the absence of instruction, results from the interplay between explicit learning driven by target error and implicit learning of a forward model driven by prediction error.
New combinatorial topology bounds for renaming: The upper bound

In the <i>renaming</i> task, <i>n</i>+1 processes start with unique input names from a large space and must choose unique output names taken from a smaller name space, 0,1,…, <i>K</i>. To rule out trivial solutions, a protocol must be <i>anonymous</i>: the value chosen by a process can depend on its input name and on the execution, but not on the specific process ID. Attiya et al. [1990] showed that renaming has a wait-free solution when <i>K</i>≥ 2<i>n</i>. Several algebraic topology proofs of a lower bound stating that no such protocol exists when <i>K</i> < 2<i>n</i> have been published. In a companion article, we present the first completely combinatorial renaming lower bound proof stating if <i>n</i> + 1 is a primer power, then renaming is not wait-free solvable when <i>K</i> < 2<i>n</i>. In this article, we show that if <i>n</i> + 1 is not a primer power, then there exists a wait-free renaming protocol for <i>K</i> = 2<i>n</i>−1. Therefore the renaming lower bound for <i>K</i> < 2<i>n</i> is incorrect. More precisely, our main theorem states that there exists a wait-free renaming protocol for <i>K</i> < 2<i>n</i> if and only if <i>n</i> + 1 is not a prime power. We prove this result using the known equivalence of <i>K</i>-renaming for <i>K</i> = 2<i>n</i> − 1 and the <i>weak symmetry breaking</i> task: processes have no input values and the output values are 0 or 1, and it is required that in every execution in which all processes participate, at least one process decides 1 and at least one process decides 0.
Coloring Of Meet-Semilattices

Given a commutative semigroup S with 0, where 0 is the unique singleton ideal, we associate a simple graph Γ(S), whose vertices are labeled with the nonzero elements in S. Two vertices in Γ(S) are adjacent if and only if the corresponding elements multiply to 0. The inverse problem, i.e., given an arbitrary simple graph, whether or not it can be associated to some commutative semigroup, has proved to be a difficult one. In this paper, we extend results by DeMeyer[3], McKenzie, and Schneider[4] on this problem by studying the complement of graphs. As an application and an extension of work in [3] we prove that every compact connected 2-manifold admits an Eulerian triangulation that can be associated to a zero divisor semigroup graph.
Optimal Prosecution of Defendants Whose Guilt Is Uncertain

When a crime has been committed and a suspect (or suspects) apprehended, it is the purpose of the criminal justice system to dispose of the case in the socially optimal manner. Of course, how one should define optimal in this context is subject to debate; in this paper I consider three goals: (1) minimization of the social cost of legal errors; (2) punishment of the truly guilty; and (3) efficient use of the resources needed to operate the system. Considering the first of these, legal errors necessarily result from imperfect information on the part of courts and are generally of two types: incorrect conviction of innocent defendants (type I errors), and incorrect acquittal of guilty defendants (type II errors). Both are assumed to impose some cost on society. On the other hand, society presumably gains from correctly punishing the truly guilty. One reason, of course, is deterrence, although I abstract from this motive here. Additionally, however, I assume that society benefits by matching the punishment of criminals to the crime they have committed (one might call this "retribution"). 2 By the appropriate choice of the variables of the legal process-namely, prosecutorial effort in collecting evi-
Restraint, seclusion, and clozapine.

BACKGROUND The effects of clozapine, an unconventional neuroleptic drug, on the use of restraint and seclusion in patients have not been extensively reported on in the United States. METHOD The records of 107 patients receiving clozapine in Missouri state mental hospitals were reviewed over a 13-month period for frequency and duration of restraint and seclusion. RESULTS During clozapine treatment, patients had fewer episodes of restraint and seclusion than previously. The duration of restraints and seclusions also decreased, starting the second month after the initiation of clozapine treatment. CONCLUSION For patients who were restrained or secluded before clozapine treatment, the decrease in the number and duration of restraint and seclusion episodes was dramatic.
Short-Term State Forecasting-Aided Method for Detection of Smart Grid General False Data Injection Attacks

Successful detection of false data injection attacks (FDIAs) is essential for ensuring secure power grids operation and control. First, this paper extends the approximate dc model to a more general linear model that can handle both supervisory control and data acquisition and phasor measurement unit measurements. Then, a general FDIA based on this model is derived and the error tolerance of such attacks is discussed. To detect such attacks, a method based on short-term state forecasting considering temporal correlation is proposed. Furthermore, a statistics-based measurement consistency test method is presented to check the consistency between the forecasted measurements and the received measurements. This measurement consistency test is further integrated with ${\infty }$ -norm and ${L}_{{2}}$ -norm-based measurement residual analysis to construct the proposed detection metric. The proposed detector addresses the shortcoming of previous detectors in terms of handling critical measurements. Besides, the removal problem of attacked measurements, which may cause the system to become unobservable, is addressed effectively by the proposed method through forecasted measurements. Numerical tests on IEEE 14-bus and 118-bus test systems verify the effectiveness and performance of the proposed method.
IslandViewer 4: expanded prediction of genomic islands for larger-scale datasets

Abstract IslandViewer (http://www.pathogenomics.sfu.ca/islandviewer/) is a widely-used webserver for the prediction and interactive visualization of genomic islands (GIs, regions of probable horizontal origin) in bacterial and archaeal genomes. GIs disproportionately encode factors that enhance the adaptability and competitiveness of the microbe within a niche, including virulence factors and other medically or environmentally important adaptations. We report here the release of IslandViewer 4, with novel features to accommodate the needs of larger-scale microbial genomics analysis, while expanding GI predictions and improving its flexible visualization interface. A user management web interface as well as an HTTP API for batch analyses are now provided with a secured authentication to facilitate the submission of larger numbers of genomes and the retrieval of results. In addition, IslandViewer's integrated GI predictions from multiple methods have been improved and expanded by integrating the precise Islander method for pre-computed genomes, as well as an updated IslandPath-DIMOB for both pre-computed and user-supplied custom genome analysis. Finally, pre-computed predictions including virulence factors and antimicrobial resistance are now available for 6193 complete bacterial and archaeal strains publicly available in RefSeq. IslandViewer 4 provides key enhancements to facilitate the analysis of GIs and better understand their role in the evolution of successful environmental microbes and pathogens.
Native Language Phonological Skills in Low‐Proficiency Second Language Learners

This study investigated the link between low second language performance and difficulties with native language phonological processing. Participants were native Hebrew speakers, 19–31 years of age, who learned English as a second language in a school setting. Individuals with dyslexia performed below high-proficiency second language learners on each of four tasks assessing native language phonological processing, whereas low-proficiency second language learners were disadvantaged compared to high-proficiency second language learners on only two of the tasks: pseudoword repetition and tip-of-the-tongue naming. These results indicate that both individuals with dyslexia and low-proficiency second language learners have a weakness in native language phonological processing. The weakness in low-proficiency second language learners, however, is evident in a more limited set of skills compared to individuals with dyslexia.