Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The role of thyroid hormones in prenatal and neonatal neurological development--current perspectives.

I. Introduction FOR YEARS thyroid hormones have been known to be important for normal neonatal brain development, and numerous reviews have covered this topic in depth. It now also appears that fetal thyroid hormones play an essential role in fetal brain development. In addition, as some placental transport of thyroid hormones has been shown to occur, it is possible that maternal thyroid hormones might influence fetal brain development. II. The Value of the Use of Animal Models in the Comprehension of the Role of Thyroid Hormones in Neurological Development Animal models have been used to study the influence of thyroid hormones on neurological] evelopment. Rats and mice have been the primary animals studied; however, a significant amount of data have come from studies on sheep and nonhuman primates. While the merit of application of animal data to human problems is frequently questioned, valuable information can be obtained when the animal data are properly interpreted. Furthermore, most of the informatio.
NSCLC cells adapted to EGFR inhibition accumulate EGFR interacting proteins and down-regulate microRNA related to epithelial-mesenchymal transition.

Correspondence to Prof. Dr. Christoph Ritter Ernst-Moritz-ArndtUniversitat Greifswald Institut fur Pharmazie, Klinische Pharmazie, Friedrich-Ludwig-JahnStr. 17, 17487 Greifswald, Germany ritter@uni-greifswald.de
Visualization of CD44 and CD133 in Normal Pancreas and Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinomas

Tumor-initiating cells of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) have been isolated based on expression of either CD133 or CD44. The authors aimed to visualize pancreatic cells simultaneously expressing both these cell surface markers by employing the same antibodies commonly used in cell-sorting studies. Normal and diseased pancreatic tissue, including 51 PDAC cases, were analyzed. CD44 and CD133 expression was determined by immunohistochemical double staining on formalin-fixed material and subcellular protein distribution evaluated by immunofluorescence/confocal microscopy. In the normal pancreas, CD44 and CD133 were coexpressed in the centroacinar regions but in non-overlapping subcellular compartments. As expected, CD44 was found mainly basolaterally, whereas CD133 was present on the apical/endoluminal membrane. This was also the case in chronically inflamed/atrophic pancreatic tissue and in PDAC. In some malignant ducts, CD44 was found at the apical cell membrane adjacent to but never overlapping with CD133 expression. CD44 level was significantly associated with the patient’s lymph node status. In conclusion, a CD44+/CD133+ cell population does exist in the normal and neoplastic pancreas. The preferentially centroacinar localization of the doubly positive cells in the normal parenchyma suggests that this population could be of particular interest in attempts to identify tumor-initiating cells in PDAC. This article contains online supplemental material at http://www.jhc. org. Please visit this article online to view these materials.
Progesterone Regulates IL12 Expression in Pregnancy Lymphocytes by Inhibiting Phospholipase A2

Par G, Geli J, Kozma N, Varga P, Szekeres‐Bartho J. Progesterone regulates IL12 expression in pregnancy lymphocytes by inhibiting phospholipase A2. AJRI 2003; 49:1–5 © Blackwell Munksgaard, 2003
A 0.4V 6.5nW 10b 2.5kS/s asynchronous SAR ADC

A 0.4V 6.5nW 10b 2.5kS/s SAR ADC is proposed for energy-limited applications such as wireless micro-sensor networks, biomedical, and energy harvesting systems. The ADC operates at extremely low supply voltage (0.4V) to reduce power consumption and to eliminate short-circuit current. The channel length of MOSFETs in digital block is optimized to minimize digital power consumption. Small unit capacitor and low top parasitic capacitance is obtained by the proposed capacitor structure. The simulation results show that SFDR, SNDR, ENOB are 63.8dB, 58.1dB and 9.4bit at Nyquist input frequency, respectively. The figure-of-merit (FOM) is 3.98fJ/conv-step.
Expression of Wnt/β-Catenin Signaling Pathway and Its Regulatory Role in Type I Collagen with TGF-β1 in Scleral Fibroblasts from an Experimentally Induced Myopia Guinea Pig Model

Background. To investigate Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway expression and its regulation of type I collagen by TGF-β1 in scleral fibroblasts from form-deprivation myopia (FDM) guinea pig model. Methods. Wnt isoforms were examined using genome microarrays. Scleral fibroblasts from FDM group and self-control (SC) group were cultured. Wnt isoforms, β-catenin, TGF-β1, and type I collagen expression levels were examined in the two groups with or without DKK-1 or TGF-β1 neutralizing antibody. Results. For genome microarrays, the expression of Wnt3 in FDM group was significantly greater as confirmed in retinal and scleral tissue. The expression of Wnt3 and β-catenin significantly increased in FDM group and decreased significantly with DKK-1. TGF-β1 expression level decreased significantly in FDM group and increased significantly with DKK-1. Along with morphological misalignment inside and outside cells, the amount of type I collagen decreased in FDM group. Furthermore, type I collagen increased and became regular in DKK-1 intervention group, whereas it decreased and rearranged more disorder in TGF-β1 neutralizing antibody intervention group. Conclusions. The activation of Wnt3/β-catenin signaling pathway was demonstrated in primary scleral fibroblasts in FDM. This pathway further reduced the expression of type I collagen by TGF-β1, which ultimately played a role in scleral remodeling during myopia development.
poRe: an R package for the visualization and analysis of nanopore sequencing data

Motivation The Oxford Nanopore MinION device represents a unique sequencing technology. As a mobile sequencing device powered by the USB port of a laptop, the MinION has huge potential applications. To enable these applications, the bioinformatics community will need to design and build a suite of tools specifically for MinION data. Results Here we present poRe, a package for the statistical software R that enables users to manipulate, organize, summarise and visualize MinION nanopore sequencing data. As a packge for R, poRe has been tested on both Windows and Linux. Crucially, the Windows version allows users to analyse MinION data on the Windows laptop attached to the device Availability Pre-built R packages for Windows and Linux are available under a BSD license at http://sourceforge.net/projects/rpore/ Contact mick.watson@roslin.ed.ac.uk
Online Budget Transparency Innovation in Government: A Case Study of the U.S. State Governments

Accurate, timely, and useful budget information is critical for government and citizens to make the right budget choices to democratically govern budget operations, and address long-term fiscal challenges. While governments have increasingly adopted the concept of open government data (OGD) for greater government transparency and citizen engagement, the application of the OGD concept to enhancing government budget transparency is understudied. This paper examines online budget transparency innovation in government. First, we develop a normative public value framework for budget transparency. Second, this framework is applied to guide our empirical cross-case analysis of the reported best and worst U.S. state governments regarding the provision of online budget transparency websites. The results of our analysis challenge existing conceptual frameworks for budget transparency, which fail to recognize the important role of citizens in creating greater public value. More research is needed on online budget transparency innovation, with a focus on public value creation.
Tocopherol Cyclase (VTE1) Localization and Vitamin E Accumulation in Chloroplast Plastoglobule Lipoprotein Particles*

Chloroplasts contain lipoprotein particles termed plastoglobules. Plastoglobules are generally believed to have little function beyond lipid storage. Here we report on the identification of plastoglobule proteins using mass spectrometry methods in Arabidopsis thaliana. We demonstrate specific plastoglobule association of members of the plastid lipid-associated proteins/fibrillin family as well as known metabolic enzymes, including the tocopherol cyclase (VTE1), a key enzyme of tocopherol (vitamin E) synthesis. Moreover, comparative analysis of chloroplast membrane fractions shows that plastoglobules are a site of vitamin E accumulation in chloroplasts. Thus, in addition to their lipid storage function, we propose that plastoglobules are metabolically active, taking part in tocopherol synthesis and likely other pathways.
Optimum subarray configuration using genetic algorithms

Subarray configuration is not a trivial problem in array signal processing. A proper subarray configuration is important to improve the detectability of an array. A new searching algorithm, which is based on genetic algorithms (GA), for the optimum subarray configuration is proposed. Our preliminary application to a seismic array has indicated that the new algorithm can search a population of subarrays in a more efficient and robust way. The beamforming gain of the optimum subarray derived by the GA is very close to the theoretical gain. Experimental results on signal detections have demonstrated that a beamforming recipe with optimum subarrays can provide further enhanced signal-to-noise ratio (SNR), compared to a recipe without a subarray configuration. The approach proposed here can be easily extended to the weight determination problem for the weighted beamforming process by using multi-bit instead of 1-bit representation for each sensor in the chromosome model.
Personal Home Pages on the World Wide Web–a Simple Version of a Knowledge Net?

A common type of pages on the World Wide Web concerns individual persons. These "personal home pages" often include information about activities, interest areas etc, and show what knowledge and interests different persons have. In a "knowledge net" the idea is to distribute information about peoples knowledge about different topics. To do this references to "who-knows-what" is given. This report presents an interview study of personal home pages; what information is included, how it is presented etc. The results show that personal home pages can be of use in a, or even seen as a simple, knowledge net.
The Household, Income and Labour Dynamics in Australia (HILDA) Survey

Abstract This paper provides a brief summary of the Household, Income and Labour Dynamics in Australia (HILDA) Survey, a nationally representative household panel survey. It describes the survey’s key design features, provides an overview of its content, and reports on response rates and sample sizes. It also highlights a few examples of research utilising the data, discusses two challenges currently facing the study, and provides details on how to access the data.
Laparoscopic Small Bowel Resection of Gastrointestinal Stromal Tumour after Angiographic Diagnosis and Successful Embolization

Gastrointestinal stromal tumors (GIST) account for 2% of all tumors of the digestive tract. They are most frequently located in the stomach followed by the small intestine and most often present with mucosal ulceration and erosion associated with gastrointestinal bleeding. Bleeding from the small intestine can be difficult to diagnose and angiography becomes a useful diagnostic and therapeutic procedure in these patients. We present a case of a GIST located in the ileum which presented with a lower gastrointestinal bleeding (LGIB). The patient was stabilized by performing an arteriography and selective embolization of the bleeding point, followed by elective surgery.
The N2pc Is Increased by Perceptual Learning but Is Unnecessary for the Transfer of Learning

Background Practice improves human performance in many psychophysical paradigms. This kind of improvement is thought to be the evidence of human brain plasticity. However, the changes that occur in the brain are not fully understood. Methodology/Principal Findings The N2pc component has previously been associated with visuo-spatial attention. In this study, we used event-related potentials (ERPs) to investigate whether the N2pc component changed during long-term visual perceptual learning. Thirteen subjects completed several days of training in an orientation discrimination task, and were given a final test 30 days later. The results showed that behavioral thresholds significantly decreased across training sessions, and this decrement was also present in the untrained visual field. ERPs showed training significantly increased the N2pc amplitude, and this effect could be maintained for up to 30 days. However, the increase in N2pc was specific to the trained visual field. Conclusion/Significance Training caused spatial attention to be increasingly focused on the target positions. However, this process was not transferrable from the trained to the untrained visual field, which suggests that the increase in N2pc may be unnecessary for behavioral improvements in the untrained visual field.
Exploring Dimensionality Reductions with Forward and Backward Projections

Dimensionality reduction is a common method for analyzing and visualizing high-dimensional data across domains. Dimensionality-reduction algorithms involve complex optimizations and the reduced dimensions computed by these algorithms generally lack clear relation to the initial data dimensions. Therefore, interpreting and reasoning about dimensionality reductions can be difficult. In this work, we introduce two interaction techniques, \textit{forward projection} and \textit{backward projection}, for reasoning dynamically about scatter plots of dimensionally reduced data. We also contribute two related visualization techniques, \textit{prolines} and \textit{feasibility map} to facilitate and enrich the effective use of the proposed interactions, which we integrate in a new tool called \textit{Praxis}. To evaluate our techniques, we first analyze their time and accuracy performance across varying sample and dimension sizes. We then conduct a user study in which twelve data scientists use \textit{Praxis} so as to assess the usefulness of the techniques in performing exploratory data analysis tasks. Results suggest that our visual interactions are intuitive and effective for exploring dimensionality reductions and generating hypotheses about the underlying data.
NWU-CS-03-16 November 24 , 2003 Tsunami : A Wavelet Toolkit for Distributed Systems

This paper describes the design and implementation of Tsunami, a wavelet-based library built to encompass the range of research from offline analysis of computer generated resource signals to the construction and deployment of online systems. Wavelet analysis has proven to be an invaluable analysis technique for discovering characteristics of signals and has been applied to many areas related to computer systems research. Tsunami is created mostly for use in distributed systems, domains where sensors are deployed to sample resource signals related to hosts and networks, and are used for making run-time decisions in applications. From the analysis of computer generated resource signals, online systems may be deployed using our toolkit to provide performance gains in user applications. With Tsunami, a user can seamlessly transition from simulation to deployment of a wavelet-based online system. The toolkit design is extremely general in that the provided interfaces can be used for almost any type of application that may benefit from wavelet approaches. It is also extensible and flexible, allowing users to customize their analysis using the coarseand fine-grain building blocks provided in the toolkit. In this paper, we summarize the techniques of wavelet analysis for use in computer systems and provide implementation details of the library to provide a user with the power to wavelet-enable their application. We describe how the toolkit can be extended, how it performs in terms of sample rates and scalability, and how it can be used with the RPS toolkit to build distributed wavelet systems. Conclusions and future directions of our research related to this toolkit will be discussed. Tsunami is available from http://www.cs. northwestern.edu/~RPS. Effort sponsored by the National Science Foundation under Grants ANI-0093221, ACI-0112891, ANI0301108, EIA-0130869, and EIA-0224449. Any opinions, findings and conclusions or recommendations expressed in this material are those of the author and do not necessarily reflect the views of the National Science Foundation (NSF).
The fate of buried organic carbon in colluvial soils: a long-term perspective

Colluvial soils are enriched in soil organic car- bon (SOC) in comparison to the soils of upslope areas due to the deposition and progressive burial of SOC. This burial of SOC has important implications for the global carbon cycle, but the long-term dynamics of buried SOC remain poorly constrained. We addressed this issue by determining the SOC burial efficiency (i.e. the fraction of originally de- posited SOC that is preserved in colluvial deposits) of buried SOC as well as the SOC stability in colluvial soils. We quan- tified the turnover rate of deposited SOC by establishing sed- iment and SOC burial chronologies. The SOC stability was derived from soil incubation experiments and the δ 13 C val- ues of SOC. The C burial efficiency was found to decrease with time, reaching a constant ratio of approximately 17 % by about 1000–1500 yr post-burial. This decrease is attributed to the increasing recalcitrance of the remaining buried SOC with time and a less favourable environment for SOC decom- position with increasing depth. Buried SOC in colluvial pro- files was found to be more stable and degraded in compari- son to SOC sampled at the same depth at a stable reference location. This is due to the preferential mineralisation of the labile fraction of the deposited SOC. Our study shows that SOC responds to burial over a centennial timescale; how- ever, more insight into the factors controlling this response is required to fully understand how this timescale may vary, depending on specific conditions such as climate and depo- sitional environment.
Normal Blood Pressure and Plasma Renin Activity in Mice Lacking the Renin-binding Protein, a Cellular Renin Inhibitor*

In renal extracts, some renin is present as “high molecular weight renin,” a heterodimeric complex of renin with the 46-kDa renin-binding protein (RnBP), also known asN-acyl-d-glucosamine 2-epimerase. Because RnBP specifically inhibits renin activity, the protein was proposed to play an important role in the regulation of the renin-angiotensin system (RAS). Using gene targeting, we have generated mice lacking RnBP and tested this hypothesis in vivo. In particular, we analyzed biosynthesis, secretion, and activity of renin and other components of the RAS in mice lacking RnBP. Despite extensive investigations, we were unable to detect any major effects of RnBP deficiency on the plasma and renal RAS or on blood pressure regulation. Contrary to previous hypotheses, we conclude that RnBP does not play a significant role in the regulation of renin activity in plasma or kidney. However, RnBP knockout mice excrete an abnormal pattern of carbohydrates in the urine, indicating a role of the protein in renal carbohydrate metabolism.
Brain activity modifications following spinal cord stimulation for chronic neuropathic pain: A systematic review

Spinal cord stimulation (SCS) is believed to exert supraspinal effects; however, these mechanisms are still far from fully elucidated. This systematic review aims to assess existing neurophysiological and functional neuroimaging literature to reveal current knowledge regarding the effects of SCS for chronic neuropathic pain on brain activity, to identify gaps in knowledge, and to suggest directions for future research.
Microstructural White Matter Properties Mediate the Association between APOE and Perceptual Speed in Very Old Persons without Dementia

Background Reduced white matter integrity, as indicated by lower fractional anisotropy (FA) and higher mean diffusivity (MD), has been related to poorer perceptual speed (PS) performance. As the ε4 allele has been associated with lower white matter integrity in old age, this represents a potential mechanism through which APOE may affect PS. Objective To examine whether the association between APOE and PS is mediated by white matter microstructure in very old persons without dementia. Method Participants were selected from the population-based SNAC-K study. After excluding persons with dementia, preclinical dementia, and other neurological disorders, 652 persons (age range 78–90) were included in the study, of which 89 had data on diffusion tensor imaging (DTI). We used structural equation modeling to form seven latent white matter factors (FA and MD) and one latent PS factor. Separate analyses were performed for FA and MD and mediational analyses were carried out for tracts where significant associations were observed to both APOE and PS. Results APOE was associated with white matter microstructure in 2 out of 14 tracts; ε4 carriers had significantly lower FA in forceps major and higher MD in the cortico-spinal tract. Allowing the white matter microstructure indicators in these tracts to mediate the association between APOE and PS resulted in a markedly attenuated association between these variables. Bootstrapping statistics in the subsample with DTI data (n = 89) indicated that FA in forceps major significantly mediated the association between APOE and PS (indirect effect: -0.070, 95% bias corrected CIs -0.197 to -0.004). Conclusion Lower white matter integrity may represent one of several mechanisms through which APOE affects PS performance in elderly persons free of dementia and preclinical dementia.
Thermal stability of antiparasitic macrocyclic lactones milk residues during industrial processing

The chemical stability of residues of different antiparasitic macrocyclic lactone compounds in milk subjected to thermal treatment was assessed. Concentrations of ivermectin (IVM), moxidectin (MXD) and eprinomectin (EPM) in sheep milk, equivalent to those measured in vivo in milk excretion studies, were subjected to 65°C over 30 min or to 75°C for 15 s. Residue concentrations of IVM, MXD and EPM in milk were measured by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) (fluorescence detection) before and after heat treatment of the drug-fortified milk samples. No evidence of chemical loss was obtained in either of the thermal treatments under evaluation. The stability of the parent compounds in milk was evidenced by the lack of bioconversion products (metabolites) after both thermal treatments. Only very minor changes on drug concentrations were observed at the end of the treatments, which fell within the limits of the variation of the validated analytical method. In conclusion, residue concentrations of macrocyclic lactones are unaffected by industrial-simulated milk thermal procedures. Based on the reported findings, it can be postulated that residue concentrations of IVM, MXD and EPM measured in raw sheep milk may be used to estimate consumer exposure and dietary intake for these veterinary drugs.
Cholera and other vibrioses in the United States.

CHOLERA is no stranger to the United States. Cases were identified in this country during four of the seven worldwide cholera pandemics that have occurred since 1817: over 150,000 Americans died in 1832 and 1849 when the protracted second cholera pandemic twice visited the United States; 50,000 died in 1866 during the fourth pandemic; and cases were reported in New York and Massachusetts in 1911, during the sixth pandemic.1 2 3 Within the past decade cases have again been reported in the United States,4 5 6 7 and cholera is now apparently endemic along the U.S. Gulf Coast.6 Vibrio species other than Vibrio cholerae have .