Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Transcending Borders and Traversing Boundaries

This article is a review of the literature concerned with transnational, offshore, cross-border, and borderless higher education, which together form a new thematic field within higher education research from the early 2000s onwards. The review places emphasis on the development of this field as well as its most cited contributions. The literature derives from the Database of Research on International Education, while the citation data comes from Google Scholar. The first section describes the growth of the field and its cognitive and institutional structure in terms of keywords, publication types, journals, and topic clusters. The second section provides a review of the most recognized work of this thematic area. Research related to the main themes studied under the label of transnational higher education is discussed. Finally, future directions for research, including methodological issues and substantive concerns, are addressed.
Rearing with monocular lid suture induces abnormal NADPH‐diaphorase staining in the lateral geniculate nucleus of cats

We investigated the changes in NADPH‐diaphorase staining that occur in the lateral geniculate nucleus of cats following rearing with monocular lid suture. This staining allows visualization of the synthesizing enzyme of nitric oxide, a neuromodulator associated with plasticity. In the lateral geniculate nucleus of normally reared cats, NADPH‐diaphorase exclusively labels the axons and terminals of an input from the parabrachial region of the brainstem; no geniculate cells in the A‐laminae are labeled. Early monocular lid suture has no obvious effect on the NADPH‐diaphorase staining of parabrachial axons. However, this lid suture results in the abnormal appearance of NADPH‐diaphorase staining for geniculate somata. These cells are located primarily in the nondeprived laminae. Double‐labeling experiments indicate that these cells with abnormal NADPH‐diaphorase reactivity are Y relay cells: NADPH‐diaphorase staining is found in cells retrogradely labeled from visual cortex; it is found in cells labeled with a monoclonal antibody for CAT‐301, which selectively targets Y cells; it is not found in cells labeled with an anti‐GABA antibody, which targets interneurons. Also, NADPH‐diaphorase labeled cells are among the largest cells in the nondeprived laminae, again suggesting that they are Y relay cells. We cannot suggest a specific mechanism for this induction of NADPH‐diaphorase labeling, but it does not seem to be due to abnormal binocular competition induced by the monocular lid suture. © 1994 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Adult-type glycine receptors form clusters on embryonic rat spinal cord neurons developing in vitro

The time course of development and the cellular and subcellular distributions of adult-type, strychnine-binding glycine receptors (GlyRs) were examined on rat spinal cord neurons in vitro using both the GlyR antagonist strychnine and a specific antibody against the receptor. Spinal cord neurons in vivo had no detectable adult-type GlyRs at embryonic day 14, the age used to establish cell cultures. After being placed in culture, neurons continued for several days to show no expression of adult-type GlyRs. This contrasted with the observation that these neurons began to express receptors for substance P within 24 hr in culture. Beginning after 5–7 d in culture, however, neurons began to express adult-type GlyRs on their surfaces, and the number of such receptors increased abruptly thereafter. Ultimately, about 80% of the neurons in heterogeneous spinal cord cultures came to express adult-type GlyRs, with all of them beginning to express the GlyRs at approximately the same time. The subcellular distribution of adult-type GlyRs on neurons was observed by fluorescence microscopy using both anti-GlyR antibody and a fluorescent derivative of strychnine. On neurons that had been in culture for more than 10 d, GlyRs were localized in focal clusters, or aggregates, that were distributed over both cell bodies and neurites. The apparent location of these clusters on the cell surface was confirmed by the observation that GlyRs could be labeled with the antibody on living neurons. (ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Hydrophobic and Oleophilic Filter Paper for Oil/Water Separation

The separation of oil from water is significance for environmental de-pollution application. To obtain selectivity of liquid, filter papers were coated to bear highly hydrophobic and oleophilic functionality that can allow only oils to pass through them. The coating solutions were prepared by mixing poly(methylhydro siloxane, PMHS) and fumed silica at various proportions. To determine an optimum coating condition, properties of the treated filter papers were investigated by measuring water contact angle and surface free energy, examining surface morphology and testing for selective removal of diesel oil from water. The optimum coating solution was at the PMHS:fumed silica weight ratio of 1.25:1.00. The treated filter paper exhibited high hydrophobicity with water contact angle of 142.80 ± 0.36 degrees and surface free energy of 0.78 mJ/m2. In addition, it exhibited high selective removal of diesel oil from water with oil absorption capacity of 2.3 g/g.
After the epidemic: Zika virus projections for Latin America and the Caribbean

Background Zika is one of the most challenging emergent vector-borne diseases, yet its future public health impact remains unclear. Zika was of little public health concern until recent reports of its association with congenital syndromes. By 3 August 2017 ∼217,000 Zika cases and ∼3,400 cases of associated congenital syndrome were reported in Latin America and the Caribbean. Some modelling exercises suggest that Zika virus infection could become endemic in agreement with recent declarations from the The World Health Organisation. Methodology/Principal findings We produced high-resolution spatially-explicit projections of Zika cases, associated congenital syndromes and monetary costs for Latin America and the Caribbean now that the epidemic phase of the disease appears to be over. In contrast to previous studies which have adopted a modelling approach to map Zika potential, we project case numbers using a statistical approach based upon reported dengue case data as a Zika surrogate. Our results indicate that ∼12.3 (0.7–162.3) million Zika cases could be expected across Latin America and the Caribbean every year, leading to ∼64.4 (0.2–5159.3) thousand cases of Guillain-Barré syndrome and ∼4.7 (0.0–116.3) thousand cases of microcephaly. The economic burden of these neurological sequelae are estimated to be USD ∼2.3 (USD 0–159.3) billion per annum. Conclusions/Significance Zika is likely to have significant public health consequences across Latin America and the Caribbean in years to come. Our projections inform regional and federal health authorities, offering an opportunity to adapt to this public health challenge.
Mycobacterium vaccae immunotherapy for treating tuberculosis.

BACKGROUND Some authorities have advocated Mycobacterium vaccae immunotherapy for treating tuberculosis and other infections caused by mycobacteria. OBJECTIVES To assess the effects of Mycobacterium vaccae as an adjunct to chemotherapy for treating tuberculosis. SEARCH STRATEGY We searched the Cochrane Infectious Diseases Group trials register, the Cochrane Controlled Trials register, Medline, Embase and reference lists of articles. We also contacted organisations and individuals working in the field. SELECTION CRITERIA Randomised and quasi-randomised trials using whole, killed Mycobacterium vaccae for patients with tuberculosis. DATA COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS One reviewer assessed trial quality and extracted data. MAIN RESULTS Six trials met the inclusion criteria. There was no effect on mortality (three trials, OR 1.01, 95% CI 0.51 to 1.99). No consistent effect on sputum negativity or sputum culture was shown. Most immunotherapy recipients experienced local adverse reactions (two trials, OR 18.2, 95% CI 9 to 37), some of which progressed to ulceration and scarring. REVIEWER'S CONCLUSIONS Immunotherapy with Mycobacterium vaccae does not appear to benefit patients with tuberculosis.
Bright-Light Therapy in the Treatment of Mood Disorders

Bright-light therapy (BLT) is established as the treatment of choice for seasonal affective disorder/winter type (SAD). In the last two decades, the use of BLT has expanded beyond SAD: there is evidence for efficacy in chronic depression, antepartum depression, premenstrual depression, bipolar depression and disturbances of the sleep-wake cycle. Data on the usefulness of BLT in non-seasonal depression are promising; however, further systematic studies are still warranted. In this review, the authors present a comprehensive overview of the literature on BLT in mood disorders. The first part elucidates the neurobiology of circadian and seasonal adaptive mechanisms focusing on the suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN), the indolamines melatonin and serotonin, and the chronobiology of mood disorders. The SCN is the primary oscillator in humans. Indolamines are known to transduce light signals into cells and organisms since early in evolution, and their role in signalling change of season is still preserved in humans: melatonin is synthesized primarily in the pineal gland and is the central hormone for internal clock circuitries. The melatonin precursor serotonin is known to modulate many behaviours that vary with season. The second part discusses the pathophysiology and clinical specifiers of SAD, which can be seen as a model disorder for chronobiological disturbances and the mechanism of action of BLT. In the third part, the mode of action, application, efficacy, tolerability and safety of BLT in SAD and other mood disorders are explored.
Cardiac Dysfunction Assessed by Echocardiographic Tissue Doppler Imaging Is an Independent Predictor of Mortality in the General Population

Background— Tissue Doppler imaging (TDI) detects left ventricular dysfunction in patients with heart failure and normal ejection fraction, but the prognostic significance of left ventricular dysfunction by TDI in the general population is unknown. Methods and Results— Within the Copenhagen City Heart Study, a large community-based population study, cardiac function was evaluated in 1036 participants by both conventional echocardiography and TDI. Averages of peak systolic (s′), early diastolic (e′), and late diastolic (a′) velocities from 6 mitral annular sites were used. TDI was furthermore quantified by a combined index (eas index) of diastolic and systolic performance: e′/(a′×s′). During follow-up (median, 5.3 years), 90 participants died. Left ventricular dysfunction by TDI, in terms of low s′ (hazard ratio, 1.23 per 1-cm/s decrease; P<0.05) and a′ (hazard ratio, 1.20 per 1-cm/s decrease; P=0.001), were significant predictors of death in Cox proportional-hazards models adjusted for clinical variables (age, sex, body mass index, heart rate, hypertension, diabetes mellitus, and ischemic heart disease) and conventional echocardiography. The adjusted hazard ratio for death in the third tertile compared with the first tertile of the combined index of systolic and diastolic performance by TDI was 2.5 (P<0.005). Conclusions— In the general population, in which most are free of left ventricular systolic dysfunction and restrictive diastolic filling using conventional echocardiographic parameters, left ventricular dysfunction by TDI is a powerful and independent predictor of death, especially when systolic performance and diastolic performance are considered together, recognizing their interdependency and their complex relation to deteriorating cardiac function.
Atrophic gastritis and Helicobacter pylori infection in patients with reflux esophagitis treated with omeprazole or fundoplication.

BACKGROUND Helicobacter pylori infection plays an important part in the development of atrophic gastritis and intestinal metaplasia, conditions that predispose patients gastric cancer. Profound suppression of gastric acid is associated with increased severity of gastritis caused by H. pylori, but it is not known whether acid suppression increases the risk of atrophic gastritis. METHODS We studied patients from two separate cohorts who were being treated for reflux esophagitis: 72 patients treated with fundoplication in Sweden and 105 treated with omeprazole (20 to 40 mg once daily) in the Netherlands. In both cohorts, the patients were followed for an average of five years (range, three to eight). After fundoplication, the patients did not receive acid-suppressive therapy. The presence of H. pylori was assessed at the first visit by histologic evaluation in the fundoplication group and by histologic and serologic evaluation in the omeprazole group. The patients were not treated for H. pylori infection. Before treatment and during follow-up, the patients underwent repeated gastroscopy, with biopsy sampling for histologic evaluation. RESULTS Among the patients treated with fundoplication, atrophic gastritis did not develop in any of the 31 who were infected with H. pylori at base line or the 41 who were not infected; 1 patient infected with H. pylori had atrophic gastritis before treatment that persisted after treatment. Among the patients treated with omeprazole, none of whom had atrophic gastritis at base line, atrophic gastritis developed in 18 of the 59 infected with H. pylori(P<0.001) and 2 of the 46 who were not infected (P=0.62). CONCLUSIONS Patients with reflux esophagitis and H. pylori infection who are treated with omeprazole are at increased risk of atrophic gastritis.
Kokeneiden tule-fysioterapeuttien käsityksiä fysioterapeuttisesta osaamisesta

Tiina Teittinen 2014. Experienced physiotherapist’s perceptions of professional competencies and skills. University of Jyvaskyla, Faculty of Sport and Health Sciences, Department of Health Sciences, Physical Therapy, Master’s Thesis (Pro Gradu), 75 pages. The purpose of this study was to explore physiotherapist’s perceptions of their professional competencies and skills. Although physiotherapist’s professional competencies and skills have been widely studied previously, perceptions of their abilities in practice have remained unanalyzed. In the analysis of the research material was utilized a phenomenographic approach. Research material was collected through group interviews and thematic writings among 28 experienced physiotherapist entering direct-access education programme in Jyvaskyla in Autumn 2012. The main findings were four thematic subjects of perceptions concerning abilities: 1) Professional competence 2) Ethics 3) Collaboration and 4) Participation. These thematic subjects were hierarchically variated and formed three levels of categories. The basic level (category I) of skills and competencies of physiotherapy was working with patients, the second level of categories (II) was multi-professional collaboration and the widest level of categories (III) was regional collaboration. The general perception about physiotherapist’s professional skills was to be able to improve and support patients physical functioning and to ensure that patients get the most effective treatment. The perception about collaboration was associated with ability to co-operate in internal work community. Concerning professional competencies physiotherapists emphasized practical skills and importance of additional education instead of selfreflective learning. Perception of rehabilitation and the role of physiotherapist was generally very patient centered. This research showed that physiotherapists had adopted a clear role and task in patients treatment chain and they are very committed to employer. The challenge is to advance regional collaborative practices and guidelines and enlarge multi-professional and extraorganizational interaction and networking.
Crime rates and PR: an ode to Baltimore

I live in Baltimore. OK, so what was the first image that came to your head when you read that? For most folks, the associations with the word Baltimore are either crime, poverty, or general blight. Maybe you got that impression from a TV show like The Wire, or from a TV show like Homicide: Life on the Streets, or even from a pop song like Baltimore by Randy Newman, or a pop song like Baltimore by Lyle Lovett. I recall everybody’s reaction at my high school when I got accepted to the University of Chicago: “Y’know, it’s cold there. ” I got that line maybe twenty times. Yes, it does get cold there. But what these people didn’t realize is that half the year, Chicago is obnoxiously hot. I suppose it’s no real surprise that when I tell people I live in Baltimore, they assume I’m shot at every day. But they fail to realize that half the town is kinda nice. The Borders amp; Noble just opened four blocks from my house, bringing with it the eighth Starbuck’s in the city, and an exceptional stats shelf. And if that’s too pricey and megacorp for ya, the Book Thing is two blocks away. But nobody says to me ‘Oh, you’re from Baltimore? That’s the city that reads! ’ How do these stereotypes develop? How does a city get summarized into a verbal postcard that nobody bothers to think about anymore? More importantly, how do we get those stereotypes changed? Detroit: Capital of the Rust Belt ⇒ Slowly returning to nature! Baltimore: Stab wound or gun wound? ⇒ A hospital on every corner! San Francisco: Everybody’s gay! ⇒ The rising creative class! Seattle: Kurt Cobain drank coffee here ⇒ Monorail!
Influence of the Smile Line on Smile Attractiveness in Short and Long Face Individuals

Objectives The study assessed the impact of facial height on attractiveness of smile, in association with the maxillary gingival display. This research was performed by dental professionals and laypersons. Materials and Methods Frontal extraoral photographs were captured for both short and long faces. The photographs were modified using software for image-processing and three rater groups (orthodontists, dentists, and laypersons) evaluated the smile attractiveness, with 30 subjects in each group. Differences in ratings of the different smiles among the different experimental groups were examined using the Kruskal-Wallis test. The Mann–Whitney U test was performed for pairwise comparisons between the experimental groups. Results Dentists and laypeople were most likely to agree. For the short face, laypeople and dentists both rated the +2 mm gingival display smile as the most attractive smile whilst orthodontists ranked the 0 mm gingival display smile as the most attractive smile. For the long face, laypeople and dentists ranked the 0 mm gingival display smile as the most attractive smile, whilst orthodontists ranked the +2 mm gingival display as the most attractive. Conclusion Smile line of both short and long face subjects was found to influence the smile attractiveness rating by the three rater groups.
Friendly Surveillance – A New Adversary Model for Privacy in Decentralized Online Social Networks

In pace with the ever increasing popularity of Social Network Services (SNS) the critical privacy ﬂaws of these applications got into focus of media as well as research interest in the last eight years. The centralized aggregation of personal user data has been identiﬁed as a fundamental ﬂaw of popular services such as Facebook or Google+. To mitigate this shortcoming the concept of a Decentralized Online Social Network (DOSN) has evolved, where users form a peer-to-peer (P2P) network to corporately operate the service. While this architectural shift immediately eliminates the threat of a central provider adversary new challenges to protect the users’ privacy arise. In this paper we focus on the friend adversary model – that is an attacker that exploits the social relationship status established to the target user. We examine the properties of a friend adversary in a decentralized system by analyzing its capabilities, attack impacts as well as incentives and compare the results to the centralized case. We identify several implementation issues of DOSNs that can alleviate illegitimate data collection for a friend adversary. Furthermore, background knowledge about a user may complement this information to mount relevant and privacy invading attacks. We conclude that friend adversaries can be powerful attackers indeed and propose to consider this hitherto less emphasized threat for DOSN implementations.
Evaluation of internal markers isolated by alkaline hydrogen peroxide incubation and acid detergent lignin extraction.

Samples from two experiments were used to evaluate the potential of ADL and alkaline peroxide lignin (APL; isolated by sequential, alkaline hydrogen peroxide [AHP] incubation and ADL extraction) for predicting digestibility of warm-season grass diets. Experiment 1 evaluated the influence of level of sorghum grain supplementation on utilization of immature bluestem-range grasses, and Exp. 2 evaluated the influence of supplemental protein x energy level interaction on the utilization of dormant bluestem-range grasses. Internal markers isolated in feed, orts and feces were 1) ADL and 2) APL with AHP incubation either before (APL-PRE) or after (APL-POST) the acid detergent extraction step in the ADL procedure. Organic matter digestibility (OMD) was calculated from the ratio of marker consumed to marker excreted for each internal marker and was compared with OMD from total collection. For Exp. 1 a treatment x marker interaction was observed (P less than .01). The APL-PRE procedure yielded OMD coefficients similar (P greater than .10) to total collection values within most treatments, but OMD coefficients from APL-POST and ADL differed (P less than .05) from total collection within all treatments except at the highest level of supplementation. For Exp. 2, predicted OMD values from ALP-PRE were similar (P greater than .10) to total collection values, whereas OMD predictions from APL-POST and ADL were different (P less than .01) from total collection. In conclusion, APL appears promising as an internal marker for bluestem-range grasses if AHP incubation is incorporated before the acid detergent extraction in the ADL procedure.
Targeting receptor tyrosine kinases in HER2-negative breast cancer

Purpose of review The targeting of receptor tyrosine kinases (RTKs) has been a major area for breast cancer therapy, exemplified by the targeting of HER2-amplified breast cancer. Recent findings We review the data on the activation of RTKs in HER2-negative breast cancer, and discuss the clinical translational challenge of identifying cancers that are reliant on a specific kinase for growth and survival. Substantial evidence suggests that subsets of breast cancer may be reliant on specific kinases, and that this could be exploited therapeutically. The heterogeneity of breast cancer, however, and the potential for adaptive switching between RTKs after inhibition of a single RTK, present challenges to targeting individual RTKs in the clinic Summary Targeting of RTKs in HER2-negative breast cancer presents a major therapeutic opportunity in breast cancer, although robust selection strategies will be required to identify cancers with activation of specific RTKs if this potential is to be realized.
Delusional Procreation Syndrome: Report from TURUVECARE Community Intervention Program

New insights on Delusional Procreation Syndrome (DPS), a sequence of delusions in the cycle of human procreation are emerging in recent times. Till date, most of the data on DPS are reported from the clinical samples. Authors report case series of having delusions related to DPS from a rural community sample of schizophrenia patients. Delusion of having spouse, delusion of delivery, and delusion of being a parent are reported in this case-series. This evidence is a forward step towards the validity of DPS as a syndrome.