Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Social representations of history and the legitimation of social inequality: the form and function of historical negation

Three studies examined the form and function of ideologies that negate (versus recognise) the historical basis of claims for reparation for past injustices. Historical negation (a) predicted opposition towards the resource-specific aspects of social policy and (b) functioned as the mechanism though which majority group members high in a threat-driven security-cohesion motivation (indexed by right-wing authoritarianism (RWA)) legitimated policy opposition in both undergraduate student (Study 1) and general population (Study 2) samples of the majority group (New Zealand Europeans/Pakeha). Study 3 experimentally manipulated historical negation in a general population sample using extracts adapted from political speeches, and demonstrated that historical negation increased opposition among liberal voters towards the resource-specific aspects of bicultural policy. These results suggest that history serves an important symbolic function in mobilising support for public policies regarding intergroup relations because temporal continuity is central to claims of legitimacy, especially where resources are involved. Research in this area is important for any nation with a history of intergroup conflict, as it aids not only in understanding the form and function of historical narratives that legitimate social inequality, but also provides insight into the ways in which such discourses can be countered and re-formulated in order to promote social equality. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Mortality Salience and Its Effects on Peace Processes

The present paper offers a review of the relationship between existential individual threats and peace-hampering as well as peace-facilitating factors. An overwhelming bulk of literature on terror management theory (TMT) demonstrates negative effects of mortality salience such as derogation of outgroup members, prejudice, stereotyping, aggression, and racism. These negative reactions may be detrimental in peace-processes and critical in explaining intergroup conflicts, severe hostilities, and war. Complementary empirical insights derived from TMT, however, demonstrate positive effects of mortality salience (MS) that lead to prosocial reactions. The findings that are reviewed throughout this paper aim at reconciling the seemingly contradictory findings of antisocial and prosocial reactions to reminders of death. In concluding, a variety of conceivable interventions are discussed that may override genuinely detrimental conse- quences of MS and help to foster peace processes.
FGFR3, HRAS, KRAS, NRAS and PIK3CA Mutations in Bladder Cancer and Their Potential as Biomarkers for Surveillance and Therapy

Background Fifty percent of patients with muscle–invasive bladder cancer (MI-BC) die from their disease and current chemotherapy treatment only marginally increases survival. Novel therapies targeting receptor tyrosine kinases or activated oncogenes may improve outcome. Hence, it is necessary to stratify patients based on mutations in relevant oncogenes. Patients with non-muscle-invasive bladder cancer (NMI-BC) have excellent survival, however two-thirds develop recurrences. Tumor specific mutations can be used to detect recurrences in urine assays, presenting a more patient-friendly diagnostic procedure than cystoscopy. Methodology/Principal Findings To address these issues, we developed a mutation assay for the simultaneous detection of 19 possible mutations in the HRAS, KRAS, and NRAS genes. With this assay and mutation assays for the FGFR3 and PIK3CA oncogenes, we screened primary bladder tumors of 257 patients and 184 recurrences from 54 patients. Additionally, in primary tumors p53 expression was obtained by immunohistochemistry. Of primary tumors 64% were mutant for FGFR3, 11% for RAS, 24% for PIK3CA, and 26% for p53. FGFR3 mutations were mutually exclusive with RAS mutations (p = 0.001) and co-occurred with PIK3CA mutations (p = 0.016). P53 overexpression was mutually exclusive with PIK3CA and FGFR3 mutations (p≤0.029). Mutations in the RAS and PIK3CA genes were not predictors for recurrence-free, progression-free and disease-specific survival. In patients presenting with NMI-BC grade 3 and MI-BC, 33 and 36% of the primary tumors were mutant. In patients with low-grade NMI-BC, 88% of the primary tumors carried a mutation and 88% of the recurrences were mutant. Conclusions/Significance The mutation assays present a companion diagnostic to define patients for targeted therapies. In addition, the assays are a potential biomarker to detect recurrences during surveillance. We showed that 88% of patients presenting with low-grade NMI-BC are eligible for such a follow-up. This may contribute to a reduction in the number of cystoscopical examinations.
Expresión Emocional Verbal Durante Episodios de Cambio: Análisis de los patrones comunicacionales utilizados por pacientes y terapeutas para trabajar contenidos emocionales

Se realizaron tres estudios sucesivos con el objetivo de determinar las principales caracteristicas de la conversacion terapeutica durante el trabajo de contenidos emocionales en Episodios de Cambio. Metodo: se utilizo el Sistema de Codificacion de la Actividad Terapeutica (SCAT-1.0, Valdes, Tomicic, Perez y Krause, 2010) para analizar 38 Episodios de Cambio y 19 Episodios de Estancamiento, identificados en dos procesos psicoterapeuticos de enfoque psicodinamico. Los resultados demostraron la existencia de tres Patrones Comunicacionales (PC) principales al trabajar contenidos emocionales: Exploracion afectiva, Sintonia afectiva y Resignificacion afectiva. Hubo diferencias significativas en cuanto a la utilizacion de dichos patrones, dependiendo del tipo de episodio y del rol del participante, asi como la existencia de Microsecuencias de Coordinacion durante el dialogo terapeutico.
Influence of the different input data volume, on the emergency vehicles relocation optimization process based on the AVL data

If we intent to realize the serious optimization task and if the main goal is the location and relocation of the ambulance vehicles based on the data archived in the history of the movement of these vehicles, at the very beginning we have to make several important decisions. One of the dilemmas is how far to go in the past, or how many destinations to which the vehicle traveled in the past we had to take in account and use as starting point of the analysis. In this paper we try to estimate influence of the different number of destinations to the quality of the optimization solution. For this purpose a specifically defined optimization coefficient is defined and introduced. We use the data extracted from the actual use of the emergency ambulance vehicles in real life and the optimization calculations are carried out using software module made during a live project implementation. The results obtained during this analysis of different scale of input data are illustrated and discussed in several aspects. Addition attention is directed to the most important analysis and that is the behavior and the comparison of the different optimization coefficient values.
Deconstructing Diversity: Professional Development for Elementary Teachers

Organizing and facilitating professional development (PD) for teachers around issues of ethnicity, race, language, culture, and religion is an important area of research within Canadian education. The diversity in schools across Canada is growing, and meeting the needs of these students becomes essential as we reflect on the aims of teacher responsiveness to cultural diversity. This article examines the PD of a Calgary, Alberta school whose population consists of a majority of “visible minority” students and a predominantly White staff. Through a recounting and analysis of the feedback and reflection of teachers who partook in an initiative geared toward “getting out” into the actual community of the students, this article presents significant themes in the necessity around the PD of educators. The implications revealed in this action-based research include (a) a view of short-term and long-term planning, (b) the risk of essentializing others by applying experiences of a representative to an entire group, and (c) being aware of and taking ownership of one's own learning and understanding. These challenges and the benefits of PD, organized by a visible minority staff member, add more depth and knowledge to the growing understanding of multiculturalism and its impact on education in Canada.
The Human Oral Microbiome Database: a web accessible resource for investigating oral microbe taxonomic and genomic information

The human oral microbiome is the most studied human microflora, but 53% of the species have not yet been validly named and 35% remain uncultivated. The uncultivated taxa are known primarily from 16S rRNA sequence information. Sequence information tied solely to obscure isolate or clone numbers, and usually lacking accurate phylogenetic placement, is a major impediment to working with human oral microbiome data. The goal of creating the Human Oral Microbiome Database (HOMD) is to provide the scientific community with a body site-specific comprehensive database for the more than 600 prokaryote species that are present in the human oral cavity based on a curated 16S rRNA gene-based provisional naming scheme. Currently, two primary types of information are provided in HOMD—taxonomic and genomic. Named oral species and taxa identified from 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis of oral isolates and cloning studies were placed into defined 16S rRNA phylotypes and each given unique Human Oral Taxon (HOT) number. The HOT interlinks phenotypic, phylogenetic, genomic, clinical and bibliographic information for each taxon. A BLAST search tool is provided to match user 16S rRNA gene sequences to a curated, full length, 16S rRNA gene reference data set. For genomic analysis, HOMD provides comprehensive set of analysis tools and maintains frequently updated annotations for all the human oral microbial genomes that have been sequenced and publicly released. Oral bacterial genome sequences, determined as part of the Human Microbiome Project, are being added to the HOMD as they become available. We provide HOMD as a conceptual model for the presentation of microbiome data for other human body sites. Database URL: http://www.homd. org
How age similarity preference, uncertainty, and workplace challenges affect conflict

In this article, we propose that age similarity preference (ASP) among employees increases workplace difficulties in an age-diverse environment. Individuals use social categorizations such as age groupings to help minimize uncertainty, cope with change, and deal with complexity. When placed in an age-diverse work environment, intergroup comparisons regarding age become more salient. We suggest that when a preference exists among employees to work and interact with those similar in age to themselves in an age-diverse workplace, this will lead to an increase in uncertainty, perceived workplace challenges, and subsequently conflict. Data were collected from 262 employees of an organization in the US Midwest to test our hypotheses. Using multiple mediation modeling, our results suggest that ASP influences the degree of conflict reported, and that uncertainty and perceived work-related challenges mediate the relationship between ASP and conflict. A post-hoc ANOVA analysis of our data also showed a significant relationship between employee age and ASP, indicating that this preference was more likely to be reported by individuals younger in age.
In vitro cytotoxic effects of benzalkonium chloride in corticosteroid injection suspension.

BACKGROUND Some deleterious effects on cartilage and even severe arthropathy have been reported after intra-articular corticosteroid injections. The objective of the present in vitro study was to determine if an injectable corticosteroid suspension is toxic to articular chondrocytes and synovial cells. METHODS Human and bovine articular chondrocytes, bovine synovial cells, mouse C3H10T1/2 cells, and human osteosarcoma MG-63 cells were treated for thirty minutes in monolayer or suspension culture with an injectable corticosteroid suspension or its chemical components, including betamethasone sodium phosphate, betamethasone acetate, and benzalkonium chloride (as preservative). Cell viability was determined by means of microscopy or flow cytometry analysis. RESULTS In monolayer culture, the betamethasone corticosteroids per se did not cause cell death, whereas benzalkonium chloride caused death of articular chondrocytes. In suspension culture, betamethasone sodium phosphate at dosages of as high as 6 mg/mL did not cause significant death of human or bovine articular chondrocytes (p > 0.05). In contrast, benzalkonium chloride caused a death rate of 10.6% in human articular chondrocytes at a dosage of 10 microg/mL (p < 0.01), 21.0% at a dosage of 13.3 microg/mL (p < 0.01), and 99.3% and 99.4% at dosages of 20 and 200 microg/mL, respectively (p < 0.001 for both). Similarly, benzalkonium chloride caused death of bovine articular chondrocytes, bovine synovial cells, C3H10T1/2 cells, and MG-63 cells in a dose-dependent manner. When treated with a combination of betamethasone sodium phosphate and 200 microg/mL benzalkonium chloride, >99% of human or bovine articular chondrocytes were dead (p < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS The injectable corticosteroid suspension caused death in in vitro culture of human and bovine articular chondrocytes as well as bovine synovial cells because of its preservative benzalkonium chloride. The betamethasone corticosteroids per se did not cause significant chondrocyte death under the conditions tested.
Automated Text Summarization

After lying dormant for over two decades, automated text summarization has experienced a tremendous resurgence of interest in the past few years. Research is being conducted in China, Europe, Japan, and North America, and industry has brought to market more than 30 summarization systems; most recently, a series of large-scale text summarization evaluations, Document Understanding Conference (DUC) and Text Summarization Challenge (TSC) have been held yearly in the United States and Japan. In this tutorial, we will review the state of the art in automatic summarization, and will discuss and critically evaluate current approaches to the problem. We will first outline the major types of summary: indicative vs. informative; abstract vs. extract; generic vs. query-oriented; background vs. just-the-news; single-document vs. multidocument; and so on. We will describe the typical decomposition of summarization into three stages, and explain in detail the major approaches to each stage. For topic identification, we will outline techniques based on stereotypical text structure, cue words, highfrequency indicator phrases, intratext connectivity, and discourse structure centrality. For topic fusion, we will outline some ideas that have been proposed, including concept generalization and semantic association. For summary generation, we will describe the problems of sentence planning to achieve information compaction. How good is a summary? Evaluation is a difficult issue. We will describe various suggested measures and discuss the adequacy of current evaluation methods including manual evaluation procedures used in DUC, the factoid and pyramid method reference summary creation procedures and fully automatic evaluation method such as ROUGE. The recently developed automatic evaluation method based on basic element (BE) will also be covered. Throughout, we will highlight the strengths and weaknesses of statistical and symbolic/linguistic techniques in implementing efficient summarization systems. We will discuss ways in which summarization systems can interact with and/or complement natural language generation, discourse parsing, information extraction, and information retrieval systems. Finally, we will present a set of open problems that we perceive as being crucial for immediate progress in automatic summarization.
Academic blogging: academic practice and academic identity

This paper describes a small-scale study which investigates the role of blogging in professional academic practice in higher education. It draws on interviews with a sample of academics (scholars, researchers and teachers) who have blogs and on the author's own reflections on blogging to investigate the function of blogging in academic practice and its contribution to academic identity. It argues that blogging offers the potential of a new genre of accessible academic production which could contribute to the creation of a new twenty-first century academic identity with more involvement as a public intellectual.
Qualités métriques des résultats académiques universitaires

Resume Cet article presente une synthese des ecrits qui attestent que les resultats obtenus par les etudiants dans le cadre d’une formation universitaire, et rapportes au dossier academique, sont valides, fiables et en lien avec les objectifs des programmes. Sont passes en revue la validite et la fiabilite des resultats academiques, les indices utilises, les principales procedures, ainsi que les principaux constats au niveau universitaire. Mots cles : resultats academiques, validite, fiabilite, analyse factorielle, assurance qualite English title : Validity et fiability of grades : A review Abstract This paper reviews studies that claim that results obtained by students during university schooling, as reported in their academic files, are valid, reliable and related to the program objectives. The themes examined include the validity and reliability of grades, the indices used, the main procedures, and some important aspects concerning university education. Key words : grades, validity, fidelity, reliability, factorial analysis, quality assurance
Business graduate employability – where are we going wrong?

Persistent gaps in certain non-technical skills in business graduates continue to impact on organisational performance and global competitiveness. Despite business schools' best efforts in developing non-technical skills, widely acknowledged as fundamental to graduate employability, there has been considerably less attention to measuring skill outcomes and even less on their subsequent transfer to the workplace. It appears stakeholders are assuming transfer occurs automatically in graduates, neglecting the influence of learning program, learner and workplace characteristics on this complex process and its potential impact on graduate employability. This paper unpacks the concept of transfer and proposes a model of graduate employability that incorporates the process. Measures for empirical analysis are discussed. Testing the model would indicate the extent to which transfer occurs and highlight collaborative strategies for employers, universities and graduates in nurturing learning and workplace environments in which transfer may flourish, taking us one step closer to the elusive ‘work-ready’ graduate.
Design and Implementation of an Active Array Antenna With Remote Controllable Radiation Patterns for Mobile Communications

This paper presents an active array antenna for wideband code division multiple access (WCDMA) base station application with remote controllable radiation patterns. The proposed array consists of eight antenna elements and each element is integrated with a phase controllable radio frequency (RF) transceiver. The radiation pattern of the active array antenna or phased array antenna is consequently remote controllable. Meanwhile, due to the RF transceivers are directly connected to the antenna elements without any passive feed network, the feed line loss is greatly reduced and the efficiency is significantly improved. The local oscillator (LO) phase shifting technique based on a hybrid direct digital synthesizer (DDS)-phase-locked loop (PLL) approach is adopted to achieve high phase resolution. Consequently, a 360° phase shifting range with 0.35° tuning step can be achieved, which results in a 0.1° beam-steering resolution. To verify the proposed active array antenna, a prototype is developed and measured. The experiment data are in good agreement with the simulated results.
Social class and prognosis in anorexia nervosa

Social class and clinical features were recorded for 100 consecutive cases of anorexia nervosa presenting to the St George's Hospital eating disorders department. A definite skew towards the higher social classes was discovered, but this was less marked than at the time of a similar study in the same department 10 years ago. Low social class has been reported as a poor prognostic indicator, but in this study, it was not related to other prognostic factors. The possible expanations are discussed.
Transition to Adulthood in Europe

This article reviews the similarities and differences in the transition to adulthood in Europe. Recent change and the still striking diversity in pathways to adulthood in Europe have attracted growing comparative research interests. The considerable heterogeneity in institutional arrangements, cultural heritage, and economic life observed across contemporary European societies provides fertile ground for testing hypotheses of various macro-level theories and approaches addressing interactions between micro- and macro-level factors. Pursuing a comparative perspective, this review frames the transition to adulthood within a life course perspective. After having mapped the terrain of recent change and contemporary diversity in the transition to adulthood in Europe, the review presents the theoretical perspectives predominantly used to explain diversity and discusses whether the empirical evidence squares with the theoretical propositions. The review concludes by suggesting how future research could advance u.
Empirical assessment of MDE in industry

This paper presents some initial results from a twelve-month empirical research study of model driven engineering (MDE). Using largely qualitative questionnaire and interview methods we investigate and document a range of technical, organizational and social factors that apparently influence organizational responses to MDE: specifically, its perception as a successful or unsuccessful organizational intervention. We then outline a range of lessons learned. Whilst, as with all qualitative research, these lessons should be interpreted with care, they should also be seen as providing a greater understanding of MDE practice in industry, as well as shedding light on the varied, and occasionally surprising, social, technical and organizational factors that affect success and failure. We conclude by suggesting how the next phase of the research will attempt to investigate some of these issues from a different angle and in greater depth.