Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
2 America ’ s Underground Economy : Measuring the Size , Growth and Determinants of Income Tax Evasion in the U

This study empirically investigates the extent of non compliance with the tax code and the determinants of federal income tax evasion in the U.S. Employing the most recent data we find that 18-19% of total reportable income is not properly reported to the IRS, giving rise to a “tax gap” approaching $500 billion dollars. Three time periods are studied, 1960-2008, 1970-2008, and 19802008. It is found across study periods that income tax evasion is an increasing function of the average effective federal income tax rate, the unemployment rate, public dissatisfaction with government, and per capita real GDP (adopted as a measure of income), and a decreasing function of the Tax Reform Act of 1986 (during its first two years of being implemented). Modest evidence of a negative impact of IRS audit rates on tax evasion is also detected.
Differential Responses of Vanilla Accessions to Root Rot and Colonization by Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. radicis-vanillae

Root and stem rot (RSR) disease caused by Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. radicis-vanillae (Forv) is the most damaging disease of vanilla (Vanilla planifolia and V. × tahitensis, Orchidaceae). Breeding programs aimed at developing resistant vanilla varieties are hampered by the scarcity of sources of resistance to RSR and insufficient knowledge about the histopathology of Forv. In this work we have (i) identified new genetic resources resistant to RSR including V. planifolia inbreds and vanilla relatives, (ii) thoroughly described the colonization pattern of Forv into selected vanilla accessions, confirming its necrotic non-vascular behavior in roots, and (iii) evidenced the key role played by hypodermis, and particularly lignin deposition onto hypodermal cell walls, for resistance to Forv in two highly resistant vanilla accessions. Two hundred and fifty-four vanilla accessions were evaluated in the field under natural conditions of infection and in controlled conditions using in vitro plants root-dip inoculated by the highly pathogenic isolate Fo072. For the 26 accessions evaluated in both conditions, a high correlation was observed between field evaluation and in vitro assay. The root infection process and plant response of one susceptible and two resistant accessions challenged with Fo072 were studied using wide field and multiphoton microscopy. In susceptible V. planifolia, hyphae penetrated directly into the rhizodermis in the hairy root region then invaded the cortex through the passage cells where it induced plasmolysis, but never reached the vascular region. In the case of the resistant accessions, the penetration was stopped at the hypodermal layer. Anatomical and histochemical observations coupled with spectral analysis of the hypodermis suggested the role of lignin deposition in the resistance to Forv. The thickness of lignin constitutively deposited onto outer cell walls of hypodermis was highly correlated with the level of resistance for 21 accessions tested. The accumulation of p-coumaric and sinapic acids, two phenolic precursors of lignin, was observed in the resistant plants inoculated with Fo072, but not in the susceptible one. Altogether, our analyses enlightened the mechanisms at work in RSR resistant genotypes and should enhance the development of novel breeding strategies aimed at improving the genetic control of RSR of vanilla.
The Supply Chain Process Management Maturity Model – SCPM3

In recent years, a growing amount of research, much of which is still preliminary, has been dedicated to investigating maturity models development for the strategic management of supply chains (Chan and Qi, 2003; Gunasekaran et al., 2001; Coyle et al., 2003). The concept of process maturity derives from the understanding that processes have life cycles or developmental stages that can be clearly defined, managed, measured and controlled throughout time. A higher level of maturity, in any business process, results in: (1) better control of the results; (2) more accurate forecast of goals, costs and performance; (3) higher effectiveness in reaching defined goals and the management ability to propose new and higher targets for performance (Lockamy and McCormack, 2004; Poirier and Quinn, 2004; McCormack et al., 2008). In order to meet the performance levels desired by customers in terms of quantitative and qualitative flexibility of service in demand fulfillment, deadlines consistency and reduction of lead times related to fulfilling orders, firms have developed repertoires of abilities and knowledge that are used in their organizational process (Day, 1994 apud Lockamy and McCormack, 2004; Trkman, 2010). In two past decades, management of supply chain processes has evolved, also because of these new demands, from a departmental perspective, extremely functional and vertical, to an organic arrangement of integrated processes, horizontal and definitely oriented to providing value to intermediate and final costumers (Mentzer et al., 2001). This new pattern of logistical process management had lead towards the development and application of different maturity models and performance metrics useful as support tools to help define a strategy and to face trade-offs, as well as to identify items that are considered critical to quality improvement of logistical services rendered to the client. The purpose of this article is to explore the concept of maturity models and to answer an important question specifically directed to the management of supply chain processes. What best practices are fully matured and in use at what maturity level? This paper will more fully define the maturity levels based upon the capabilities of the company using statistical analysis of a global data set.
ICTGrasper at TAC2009: Temporal Preferred Update Summarization

Update summarization is an extension of query-focused multi- document summarization which was launched at DUC 2007. The essential problem of update summarization is to attain the information novelty and topic continuity simultaneously. In this paper, we proposed several Temporal Content Filtering Methods to extract the time-varying information for the update summarization task, while the topic continuity is achieved by identifying the temporal topic signatures. Another manifold ranking approach is also adopted to summarize the topic related information while revealing the intrinsic structure at the same time. The evaluation results show that our approaches are both competitive in practice.
Resolution of PMA-Induced Skin Inflammation Involves Interaction of IFN-γ and ALOX15

Background. Acute inflammation and its timely resolution play important roles in the body's responses to the environmental stimulation. Although IFN-γ is well known for the induction of inflammation, its role in the inflammation resolution is still poorly understood. Methodology and Principal Findings. In this study, we investigated the function of interferon gamma (IFN-γ) during the resolution of PMA-induced skin inflammation in vivo. The results revealed that the expression levels of IL-6, TNF-α, and monocyte chemoattractant protein 1 (MCP-1) in skin decreased during the resolution stage of PMA-induced inflammation, while IFN-γ is still maintained at a relatively high level. Neutralization of endogenous IFN-γ led to accelerated reduction of epidermal thickness and decreased epithelial cell proliferation. Similarly, decreased infiltration of inflammatory cells (Gr1+ or CD11b+ cells) and a significant reduction of proinflammatory cytokines were also observed upon the blockade of IFN-γ. Furthermore, neutralization of IFN-γ boosted ALOX15 expression of the skin during inflammation resolution. In accordance, application of lipoxin A4 (LXA4, a product of ALOX15) obtained a proresolution effect similar to neutralization of IFN-γ. These results demonstrated that through upregulating ALOX15-LXA4 pathway, blockage of IFN-γ can promote the resolution of PMA-induced skin inflammation.
Bucket ORAM: Single Online Roundtrip, Constant Bandwidth Oblivious RAM

Known Oblivious RAM (ORAM) constructions achieve either optimal bandwidth blowup or optimal latency (as measured by online roundtrips), but not both. We are the first to demonstrate an ORAM scheme, called Bucket ORAM, which attains the best of both worlds. Bucket ORAM simultaneously achieves a single online roundtrip as well as constant overall bandwidth blowup.
High-dimensional neural-network artificial intelligence capable of quick learning to recognize a new smell, and gradually expanding the database

We demonstrate that classical quadratic forms are not able to solve the problem of recognizing high-dimensional images. The “deep” Galushkin-Hinton neural networks can solve the problem of high-dimensional image recognition, but their training has exponential computational complexity. It is technically impossible to train and retrain a “deep” neural network rapidly. For mobile “artificial nose” systems we proposed to employ a number of “wide” neural networks trained in accordance with (GOST R 52633.5-2011). This standardized learning algorithm has a linear computational complexity, i.e. for each new smell image a time of about 0.3 seconds is sufficient for creating and training a new neural network with 2024 inputs and 256 outputs. This leads to the possibility of the rapid training of the artificial intelligence “artificial nose” and a gradual expansion of its database consisting of 10 000 or more trained artificial neural networks.
Overexpression of the D-alanine racemase gene confers resistance to D-cycloserine in Mycobacterium smegmatis

D-Cycloserine is an effective second-line drug against Mycobacterium avium and Mycobacterium tuberculosis. To analyze the genetic determinants of D-cycloserine resistance in mycobacteria, a library of a resistant Mycobacterium smegmatis mutant was constructed. A resistant clone harboring a recombinant plasmid with a 3.1-kb insert that contained the glutamate decarboxylase (gadA) and D-alanine racemase (alrA) genes was identified. Subcloning experiments demonstrated that alrA was necessary and sufficient to confer a D-cycloserine resistance phenotype. The D-alanine racemase activities of wild-type and recombinant M. smegmatis strains were inhibited by D-cycloserine in a concentration-dependent manner. The D-cycloserine resistance phenotype in the recombinant clone was due to the overexpression of the wild-type alrA gene in a multicopy vector. Analysis of a spontaneous resistant mutant also demonstrated overproduction of wild-type AlrA enzyme. Nucleotide sequence analysis of the overproducing mutant revealed a single transversion (G-->T) at the alrA promoter, which resulted in elevated beta-galactosidase reporter gene expression. Furthermore, transformants of Mycobacterium intracellulare and Mycobacterium bovis BCG carrying the M. smegmatis wild-type alrA gene in a multicopy vector were resistant to D-cycloserine, suggesting that AlrA overproduction is a potential mechanism of D-cycloserine resistance in clinical isolates of M. tuberculosis and other pathogenic mycobacteria. In conclusion, these results show that one of the mechanisms of D-cycloserine resistance in M. smegmatis involves the overexpression of the alrA gene due to a promoter-up mutation.
An Algorithm Suite for Minimizing the Number of Hops between Communication Peers in a Bluetooth Scatternet

Mobility, and the fact that nodes may change their communication peers in time, generate permanently changing traffic flows in a Bluetooth scatternet. Thus, forming an optimal scatternet for a given traffic pattern may be not enough, rather a scatternet that best supports traffic flows as they vary in time is required. In this article we propose an algorithm suite that enables us to modify the nodes' links and roles. Periodically executing these algorithms helps maintaining the distance (measured in hops weighted with the corresponding traffic intensity) between every source-destination pair at a minimum. This will allow for higher network throughput, lower packet delivery delay and nodes' energy consumption, and reduced communication overhead.
A reinforcement learning approach to obstacle avoidance of mobile robots

One of the basic issues in the navigation of autonomous mobile robots is the obstacle avoidance task that is commonly achieved using a reactive control paradigm where a local mapping from perceived states to actions is acquired. A control strategy with learning capabilities in an unknown environment can be obtained using reinforcement learning where the learning agent is given only sparse reward information. This credit assignment problem includes both temporal and structural aspects. While the temporal credit assignment problem is solved using core elements of the reinforcement learning agent, solution of the structural credit assignment problem requires an appropriate internal state space representation of the environment. In this paper, a discrete coding of the input space using a neural network structure is presented as opposed to the commonly used continuous internal representation. This enables a faster and more efficient convergence of the reinforcement learning process.
Effect of nonlinear wave–particle interaction on electron-cyclotron absorption

We perform a self-consistent analysis of the nonlinear interaction of magnetized plasmas with electron-cyclotron (EC) waves. A closed set of equations is derived, which consists of the relativistic equations of motion under the wave field and the wave equation for the vector potential. The plasma is described in terms of ensembles of electrons which collectively determine the evolution of the wave amplitude and frequency through the current response. This description allows for effects of the electron motions on the efficiency of the wave absorption, for example, the asynchrony between the wave phase and the gyroperiod. As an application, we study the absorption of an EC wave beam in a simplified tokamak geometry, for plasma parameters relevant to current and future fusion experiments. We conclude that, within the limits of our model, there are cases where the linear theory for the absorption of EC waves, used widely in the current literature, may overestimate the energy deposition. In such cases, nonlinear effects are essential for the accurate estimation of the plasma-wave coupling and their inclusion should be considered, especially when the wave power is dramatically increased as in the case of ITER.
Distributed strategic mode selection for large-scale D2D communications based on Queue State Information

Device-to-Device (D2D) communication that enables nearby mobiles to directly communicate one with another is a new paradigm aimed at increasing the capacity of next-generation wireless networks. The coexistence of D2D and cellular communication in the same spectrum poses new challenges for resource allocations and interference management in a large-scale wireless system where each mobile strategically selects its mode of communications. This paper formulates a game-theoretic framework to capture the distributed strategic behavior of a large population of mobiles in selecting their mode of communications. In particular, we investigate the impact of Queue State Information (QSI) of the base station (BS) on the mobile decisions, and we show that the common knowledge of QSI can induce bad quality of service for standard cellular traffic, when the capacity of the base station is below a certain threshold. This paradox will be used to guide the design of optimal learning and scheduling algorithms for the coexisting D2D communication networks.
The Cost of Segregation in Social Networks

This paper investigates the private provision of public goods in segregated societies. While most research agrees that segregation undermines public provision, the findings are mixed for private provision: social interactions, being strong within groups and limited across groups, may either increase or impede voluntary contributions. Moreover, although efficiency concerns generally provide a rationale for government intervention, surprisingly, little light is shed in the literature on the potential effectiveness of such intervention in a segregated society. This paper first develops an index based on social interactions, which, roughly speaking, measures the welfare impact of income redistribution in an arbitrary society. It then shows that the proposed index vanishes when applied to large segregated societies, which suggests an “asymptotic neutrality” of redistributive policies.
Designing social mobile interfaces: experiences with MobiMood, a mobile mood sharing application

The exploration of mood and emotions in HCI is emerging as an important field of research. Our moods are affected by many different factors and can change multiple times throughout each day. Furthermore, our moods can have significant implications on our social interactions and our willingness to interact with others. We have developed MobiMood, a novel proof-of-concept social mobile application that enables groups of friends to share their moods with each other. In this paper, we present some high level results of an exploratory field study of MobiMood and highlight key implications in the design of future social mobile interfaces. Author Keywords Moods, mobile interfaces, social interfaces, context, visualization, mobile interaction, field study
Converging Cellular Automata Techniques with Web Search Methods to Offer a New Way to Rank Hyper-linked Web-Pages

Search for any topic or a word using Web search engine depends on its ranking mechanism. Generally, search engine sorts through the millions of Web pages and then present the significant Web-pages that match search topic of the user. These matches will be further ranked, so that the most relevant ones come first. This paper proposes an alternate way to rank hyper-linked Web page through analysis of link structure. This link structure is stored in an efficient way to minimize the storage space using Galois Extension Field GF (2P).
Inheritance of Behavior in Object-Oriented Designs for industrial control systems

Abstract The paper presents a feasible approach to introduce object-oriented techniques in the industrial practice of control design. The approach is based on the use of a domain-specific extension of the modeling language UML and on the formalization of design models as transition systems for verification purposes. In particular, the paper shows how to exploit model checking techniques to verify that object classes, designed as subtypes, correctly inherit the behavior of their base classes, according to a notion of substitutability specifically defined for the proposed semantics of object-oriented models.
ANALYSING POWER CONSUMPTION OF DIFFERENT BROWSERS & IDENTITY MANAGEMENT SYSTEMS IN MOBILE PHONES

Currently there are many different Identity Management Systems which differ in their architectures as well as use different protocols and serve different purposes and are extensively used by organisations to provide online services. With the remarkable growth of mobile phones in the last few years, both in number and computational power, more and more users are accessing an array of online services using their mobile phones. One of the major concerns for the user of mobile phones is the battery life which is limited and tends to run out quickly. Hence, efficiency in power consumption is a crucial factor for any system when it is accessed using a mobile phone. In this paper, we analyse the efficiency, in terms of power consumption, of different browsers in mobile phones and different Identity Management Systems when the mobile phones are used to access online services protected by those Identity Management Systems.
A Holistic Approach to Product Review Summarization

As online shopping is becoming commonplace, more and more product information and product reviews are posted on the Internet. Because customers cannot see and feel the products directly, product reviews are becoming an essential source of qualitative information. As a result, the volume of reviews is increasing drastically and review summarization (or opinion mining) is becoming an important tool for a practical utilization. Presented in this paper is a holistic approach to product review summarization which improves on existing methods. In extracting product features and opinion words, we present a flexible extraction tool that can be customized according to the characteristics of source documents. For sentiment analysis and feature scoring, we utilize the rate scores, which are overall ratings of the product by users. Feature dependent sentiment polarities of opinion words are also utilized. Experiments show that these considerations improve the accuracy of product review summarization.
Lattice Boltzmann Simulations of Multiple Droplet Interactions during Impingement on the Substrate

Studying material interface evolution in the course of multiple droplet interactions is critical for understanding the material additive process in inkjet deposition. In this paper, we have developed a novel numerical model based on the Lattice Boltzmann Method (LBM) to simulate the interface dynamics during impingement and interaction of multiple droplets. A lattice Boltzmann formulation is proposed to solve the governing equations of the continuous phase-field model that are used in commercial software COMSOL. The LBM inter-particle force is derived by comparing the recovered macroscopic equations from LBM equations with the governing equations of the phase-field model. In addition, a new set of boundary conditions for the LBM formulation is proposed based on conservation of mass and momentum to ensure correct evolution of contact line dynamics. The results of LBM simulations are compared with those of COMSOL and experimental data from literature. The comparison shows the proposed LBM model not only yields a significant improvement in computational speed, but also results in better accuracy than COMSOL as validated against the experiments. We have also demonstrated the capability of the developed LBM numerical solver for simulating interactions between multiple droplets impinging on the substrate, which is critical for development and optimization of inkjet manufacturing.
Author Engagement in the Literature Review of Research Articles Published in International and Iranian Local Journals: Some Insights from Appraisal Theory

Despite the importance of author engagement in the literature review of academic articles, many writers fail to publish their academic articles due to being incompetent in using conventional engagement resources. In view of this problem, the present study aimed to study linguistic representation of engagement as a dimension of evaluation in academic articles published in international and Iranian local journals. To do so, the literature review section of eighty psychology and applied linguistics articles as representatives of humanities and mechanical engineering and medicine articles as representatives of hard science articles published between 2008 and 2017 in the international and Iranian local journals formed the corpus of the study and were analyzed on the basis of the engagement resources proposed by Martin and White’s (2005) Appraisal Theory The findings indicated that monoglossic resources were used more frequently in articles published in local journals than those published in international ones. Regarding heteroglossic resources, intra-vocalizing resources (countering, denial, pronouncement, and entertainment) were found more frequently in articles published in international journals. However, extra-vocalizing resources (endorsement and attribution resources) used in local journals outnumbered those used in international ones. The findings can provide insights for teaching academic writing in EFL contexts.