Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
COMPUTATIONS OF MULTIPHASE FLOWS WITH SURFACE TENSION USING AN ADAPTIVE FINITE ELEMENT METHOD

An adaptive finite element method for solving incompressible steady-state axisymmetric free surface flow problems is presented. While the methodology is applicable to most types of multiphase flows, we are particularly interested in modeling laminar free surface flows such as free and impinging jets, which are usually modeled in a Lagrangian framework. An Eulerian strategy is used to capture the interface. Surface tension is included in the model in order to study its influence on the topology of the free surface. A stabilized finite element discretization is used to help solve the coupled system of partial differential equations. An adaptive methodology helps optimize the accuracy of the computed solution. The proposed adaptive free surface capturing methodology is competitive with interface tracking techniques, while being more flexible. The verification and validation of the methodology completes the article.
Bootstrap mean squared error of a small-area EBLUP

Concerning the estimation of linear parameters in small areas, a nested-error regression model is assumed for the values of the target variable in the units of a finite population. Then, a bootstrap procedure is proposed for estimating the mean squared error (MSE) of the EBLUP under the finite population setup. The consistency of the bootstrap procedure is studied, and a simulation experiment is carried out in order to compare the performance of two different bootstrap estimators with the approximation given by Prasad and Rao [Prasad, N.G. N. and Rao, J.N. K. , 1990, The estimation of the mean squared error of small-area estimators. Journal of the American Statistical Association, 85, 163–171. ]. In the numerical results, one of the bootstrap estimators shows a better bias behavior than the Prasad–Rao approximation for some of the small areas and not much worse in any case. Further, it shows less MSE in situations of moderate heteroscedasticity and under mispecification of the error distribution as normal when the true distribution is logistic or Gumbel. The proposed bootstrap method can be applied to more general types of parameters (linear of not) and predictors.
Sobol' Indices and Shapley Value

Global sensitivity analysis measures the importance of some input variables to a function $f$ by looking at the impact on $f$ of making large random perturbations to subsets of those variables. Using measures like those of Sobol' we can attribute importance to input variables based on the extent to which they help predict the target function $f$. There is a longstanding literature in economics and game theory that considers how to attribute the value of a team effort to individual members of that team. The primary result, known as the Shapley value, is the unique method satisfying some intuitively necessary criteria. In this paper we find the Shapley value of individual variables when we take “variance explained” as their combined value. The result does not match either of the usual Sobol' indices. It is instead bracketed between them for variance explained or indeed any totally monotone game. Because those indices are comparatively easy to compute, Sobol' indices provide effectively computable bounds for.
Combined supersymmetric and gauge-invariant field theories

The combined supersymmetric and gauge-invariant field theories are formulated using ordinary fields, not superfields, from the start, thereby eliminating reference to superfluous components. The construction is a generalization to supersymmetry of the minimal-coupling procedure of ordinary gauge theories. The Lagrangians obtained coincide with those of the superfield approach in the Wess-Zumino gauge. The Ward-Takahashi identities of Green's functions for fields and supersymmetry currents are obtained by functional methods. The Ward-Takahashi identities are presented in a form from which low- energy theorems for Goldstone fermions can be directly derived, and the proof of the Goldstone theorem in these combined theories is clarified. Discussion of the closure of the supersymmetry algebra leads to the concept of gauge-invariant translations for which the conserved current is a gravitational energy-momentum tensor. Some of the results are valid in a broader context than supersymmetry and are applicable to gauge theories in general. (AIP)
Adaptive modeling for free-surface flows

This work represents a first step towards the simulation of the motion of water in a complex hydrodynamic configuration, such as a channel network or a river delta, by means of a suitable “combination” of different mathematical models. In this framework a wide spectrum of space and time scales is involved due to the presence of physical phenomena of different nature. Ideally, moving from a hierarchy of hydrodynamic models, one should solve throughout the whole domain the most complex model (with solution ) to accurately describe all the physical features of the problem at hand. In our approach instead, for a user-defined output functional , we aim to approximate, within a prescribed tolerance τ , the value by means of the quantity , being the so-called adapted solution solving the simpler models on most of the computational domain while confining the complex ones only on a restricted region. Moving from the simplified setting where only two hydrodynamic models, fine and coarse, are considered, we provide an efficient tool able to automatically select the regions of the domain where the coarse model rather than the fine one are to be solved, while guaranteeing below the tolerance τ . This goal is achieved via a suitable a posteriori modeling error analysis developed in the framework of a goal-oriented theory. We extend the dual-based approach provided in [Braack and Ern, Multiscale Model Sim. 1 (2003) 221–238], for steady equations to the case of a generic time-dependent problem. Then this analysis is specialized to the case we are interested in, i.e. the free-surface flows simulation, by emphasizing the crucial issue of the time discretization for both the primal and the dual problems. Finally, in the last part of the paper a widespread numerical validation is carried out.
Alpha particles from the photodisintegration of 9Be in the photon energy region 18 to 26 MeV

Alpha particles from the 9Be(γ,n)8Be(16.6) and 9Be(γ,α0)5He reactions were studied in the photon energy region 18 to 26 MeV; the results yielded a combined integrated cross section of 13.1 ± 2 MeV mb and an upper limit on the integrated (γ,α0) cross section of 4.0 MeV mb. This agrees within error with the integrated cross section of Becchi, Meneghetti, Sanzone, and Vitale, 10 ± 2 MeV mb, which would contain about 50% of any contribution from the (γ,α0) reaction. These reactions together with the 9Be(γ,n1)8Be reaction (which has an integrated cross section of 2.4 ± 0.4 MeV mb) are the major reaction channels contributing to the total photoneutron cross section in this energy region. Their sum, 15.5 MeV mb, agrees well with the results of Nathans and Halpern and Hughes, Sambell, Muirhead, and Spicer but disagrees with that of Costa, Pasqualini, Piragino, and Roasio.
Power System Oscillation Damping Using New Facts Device

This paper presents about improving stability of the system which can be possible with new FACTS device with more convenient. FACTS devices come under the influence of power electronics equipment. Distributed Power Flow Controller is a FACTS device used for damping low frequency oscillation with new controlling approach. It is valid for a wide range of the operating condition. In this work explain the basic model and its steady state operation, mathematical analysis injection of current control model of the DPFC. Using damping controller used in DPFC facts device as input to implement the task of power oscillation damping . Here this work had a brief study on damping, terminal voltage and excitation voltage at different load conditions, simulation results demonstrate damping low frequency oscillation at nominal, light and heavy loading conditions
Domain-Level Covariance Analysis for Multilevel Survey Data With Structured Nonresponse

Health care quality surveys in the United States are administered to individual respondents (i.e., hospital patients, health plan members) to evaluate the performance of health care organizations (i.e., hospitals, health plans), which thus constitute estimation domains. For better understanding and more parsimonious reporting of dimensions of quality, we analyze relationships among quality measures at the domain level. Rather than specifying a full parametric model for the observed responses and the nonresponse patterns at the lower (patient) level, we first fit generalized variance–covariance functions that take into account nonresponse patterns in the survey responses, then specify a likelihood function for the domain mean responses using these generalized variance–covariance functions. This allows us to model directly the relationships among domain means for different items. Because the response scales are bounded, we assume that these means follow a truncated multivariate normal distribution. We calculate maximum likelihood (ML) estimates using the EM algorithm and sample under Bayesian models using Markov chain Monte Carlo. Finally, we perform factor analysis on the estimated or sampled between-domain covariance matrixes. Using posterior draws, we assess posterior distributions of the number of selected factors and the assignment of items to groups under conventional rules. We compare ML estimates of this factor structure with those from several Bayesian models with different prior distributions for the between-domain covariance. We present analyses of data from the Consumer Assessment of Healthcare Providers and Systems (CAHPS) survey of Medicare Advantage health plans.
Charge depletion downstream of a cylindrical Langmuir probe immersed in a flowing, high-pressure plasma

An experiment performed to examine the charge-depletion downstream of a cylindrical Langmuir probe immersed in a flowing, high-pressure plasma is described. A cylindrical electrode, negatively biased to collect ions, was placed in an atmospheric pressure, premixed air/propane flame. A small Langmuir probe was used to observe the removal of ions downstream of the electrode, and a laser anemometer was used to measure the velocity of the flame gases near the electrode. This procedure results in a unique confirmation of the thin-sheath and thick-sheath equations for cylindrical Langmuir probes, without the necessity of having an absolute calibration of the flame density. >
Gauge Transformation and Gravitational Potentials

It is believed in particle physics that the velocity-dependent part of potential is, in general, ambiguous as far as it is derived from S-matrix. We consider the most general form of the graviton ·propagator under an arbitrary q-number gauge transformation for the graviton field. The. propagator depends on twelve arbitrary functions of k 2 ,. k being the space part of the momentum . ~f the graviton. The arbitrariness of the gauge functions can be used to remove the ambiguity of orie-gni.viton exchange potential ~p to the order of (G/r) (v/c)4, G being the gravitational constant. The potential thus obtained depends only on one gauge parameter, say x. The perihelion motion of two-body system i:s gauge independent, although the potentials in the order of (G/r) (v/c) 2 and G2/r 2 depend on the gauge parameter x. The potentials are derived from those in a fixed gauge parameter x by a coordinate transformation. Suppose that we are of inter.est to obtain one-particle exchange potential between two elementary particles with masses m1 and m2. Then particle phys­ icists usually consider the diagram showing' that the p·articles with initial four momenta P1 and P2 and final momenta q1 and q2(P1 2 =q1 2 = -m1 2 ,P 2 2 =q 2 2 = -m 2 2 ) exchange a boson with momentum k= (PI- q1) = - CP2- q 2), and calculate the potential contributed from the S-matrix element corresp.onding to this diagram. However it is well known in particle physics that the v·elocity-dependent part of this potential is ambiguous. Since energy is conserved in any S-matrix element, t~e en.ergy transferred between two particles, ko is equal to (p 10 - q 10) and also to (q20 - p;o): The: ambiguity comes from the ko-dependence of the S-matrix element. To show this explicitly, let us consider one-graviton exchange potential be­ tween· two' spinless particles. The graviton propagator is proportional to \ 1
Direct Reweighting Strategies in Conformation Dynamics

The aim of conformation dynamics is the identification of metastable sets in molecular conformation space and the computation of their statistical weights. In this article, we present two novel strategies that permit a direct calculation of the statistical weights, both based on the estimation of free energy differences. The first approach requires an inverse balance condition that leads to a direct calculation of the statistical weights as eigenvalues of a transition matrix. The second approach approximates entropy differences between metastable sets, which is again used to derive according free energy differences and, hence, the statistical weights. In conclusion, we present two examples that illustrate the applicability of these strategies.
Studies of Zγ production and constraints on anomalous triple gauge couplings in pp collisions at √s = 7 TeV

In this thesis, we test the electroweak sector of the Standard Model of particle physics through the measurements of the cross section of the simultaneous production of the neutral weak boson Z and photon γ, and the limits on the anomalous Zγγ and ZZγ triple gauge couplings h3 and h4 with the Z decaying to leptons (electrons and muons). We analyze events collected in proton-proton collisions at center of mass energy of sqrt(s) = 7 TeV corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 5.0 inverse femtobarn. The analyzed events were recorded by the Compact Muon Solenoid detector at the Large Hadron Collider in 2011. The production cross section has been measured for hard photons with transverse momentum greater than 15 GeV that are separated from the the final state leptons in the eta-phi plane by Delta R greater than 0.7, whose sum of the transverse energy of hadrons over the transverse energy of the photon in a cone around the photon with Delta R less than 0.3 is less than 0.5, and with the invariant mass of the dilepton system greater than 50 GeV. The measured cross section value is 5.33 +/- 0.08 (stat.) +/- 0.25 (syst.) +/- 0.12 (lumi.) picobarn. This is compatible with the Standard Model prediction that includes next-to-leading-order QCD contributions: 5.45 +/- 0.27 picobarn. The measured 95 % confidence-level upper limits on the absolute values of the anomalous couplings h3 and h4 are 0.01 and 8.8E-5 for the Zγγ interactions, and, 8.6E-3 and 8.0E-5 for the ZZγ interactions. These values are also compatible with the Standard Model where they vanish in the tree-level approximation. They extend the sensitivity of the 2012 results from the ATLAS collaboration based on 1.02 inverse femtobarn of data by a factor of 2.4 to 3.1.
Scattering of electromagnetic waves from moving surfaces

Electromagnetic wave scattering from moving objects is considered. Use is made of the reformulated current method in which the object is replaced by a current distribution radiating into an unbounded media. Cylindrical and spherical profiles in nondeterministic motion are considered. Results are obtained for far-field and steady-state cases when the radii of curvature are large compared to the wavelength.
Online pose estimation and model matching

Computation of the relative position and orientation (pose) between a camera and an object from images is a classical problem in photogrammetry and computer vision. Many solution methods have been proposed. Most of them assume that the problem is to be solved in static environments where object models are exact and the correspondences between object and image features are perfectly known. This dissertation addresses the problem of online pose estimation with noisy 3D model observations and with partial or no knowledge of the feature correspondences. With uncertainties in both 3D object space and 2D image space, object model (structure) and pose must be estimated simultaneously. We present a new error modeling scheme in which error measures in both 3D models and 2D projection are fused in the 3D object space using backprojection. A new pose estimation method is developed based on alternating subspace minimization with which the pose estimation problem becomes a series of progressive absolute orientation problems. The theory and the algorithm are validated using statistical hypothesis tests against a typical 0.05 significance level. Extensive experiments on controlled synthetic data indicate that the new method is much more efficient than previous nonlinear techniques and is much more tolerant to noise and outliers than linear methods under most conditions. A robust estimation scheme based on outlier processes is introduced for rejecting outliers in pose estimation. A continuation method is proposed for minimizing the non-convex objective function resulting from robust estimators. Outlier processes are generalized to correspondence processes to solve model matching problems where feature correspondences are unknown.
Longitudinal acoustic modes and Brillouin-gain spectra for GeO 2 -doped-core single-mode fibers

Guided longitudinal-acoustic modes, which give rise to Brillouin gain, are theoretically clarified for a single-mode fiber with a GeO2-doped core and pure-silica cladding. Longitudinal-acoustic L0m modes are found from the theoretical analysis to interact with the electromagnetic field of the HE11 mode. Brillouin-gain spectra are measured for clarifying the theory. A few gain peaks in the Brillouin-gain spectra are successfully explained by taking account of the phase-velocity characteristics of the L01, L02 and L03 modes guided in the GeO2-doped core region. Furthermore, Brillouin frequency shifts per unit dopant concentration for GeO2 and F are experimentally obtained to confirm the dispersion characteristics of the guided acoustic modes. The evaluated frequency shifts per unit dopant concentration are 107 and 356 MHz/mol% for GeO2 and F, respectively, at a wavelength of 1550 nm.
Using IMM adaptive estimator in GPS positioning

The interacting multiple model (IMM) adaptive estimator is used as a means of improving the GPS receiver positioning performance in various dynamic conditions. Each Kalman filter is considered to be locally valid, applicable over a region of the working space defined by the filter conditioning value. Three dynamic models correspond to the stationary, low dynamic, and high dynamic working space. A numerical study is used to demonstrate the viability of the concept. In comparison with previous methodology, the new, IMM based method leads to an improvement in GPS position accuracy.
Study on figure-eight-shaped coil electrodynamic suspension magnetic levitation systems without cross-connection

Two figure-eight-shaped coils for electrodynamic suspension (EDS) magnetic levitation (MAGLEV) systems without cross-connection are proposed and analyzed. The guideway coils are positioned under the MAGLEV vehicle; they are parallel to the horizontal plane. The interaction of a magnetic module on the vehicle, composed of three or four superconducting (SC) coils, with a guideway module, composed of two figure-eight coils, is studied by means of the dynamic circuit theory. The currents in the SC coils are supposed to be constant in time while they move as a rigid body, with a constant velocity. Some results are presented and compared with those for a standard side-wall cross-connected system.
Mobile robot control using hand-shape recognition

This paper presents a vision-based walking robot control system using hand-shape recognition. To recognize hand shapes, the accurate hand boundary needs to be tracked in an image obtained from a moving camera. For this, we use an active contour model-based tracking approach with mean shift, which reduces the dependency of the active contour model on the location of the initial curve. The proposed system consists of four modules: a hand detector, a hand tracker, a hand-shape recognizer and a robot controller. The hand detector detects a skin-colour region, which has a specific shape, as a hand in an image. Then, hand tracking is performed using an active contour model with mean shift. Thereafter, hand-shape recognition is performed using Hu moments. To assess the validity of the proposed system, we tested the proposed system on a walking robot, KHR-1. The experimental results show the effectiveness of the proposed system.
Improving the Performance of Random Coefficients Demand Models: The Role of Optimal Instruments

We shed new light on the performance of Berry, Levinsohn and Pakes' (1995) GMM estimator of the aggregate random coefficient logit model. Based on an extensive Monte Carlo study, we show that the use of Chamberlain's (1987) optimal instruments overcomes most of the problems that have recently been documented with standard, non-optimal instruments. Optimal instruments reduce small sample bias, but prove even more powerful in increasing the estimator's efficiency and stability. Other recent methodological advances (MPEC, polynomial-based integration of the market shares) greatly improve computational speed, but they are only successful in terms of bias and efficiency when combined with optimal instruments.
Single molecule detection using graphene electrodes

It is shown using density functional theory that the trapping of molecules between graphene electrode plates can be used to sense molecules through their vibrational fluctuations. This hypothesis is tested using water trapped in two graphene molecules connected to a potential difference. The electric current fluctuations generated through the junction correspond to the fluctuations of the vibrational modes. Since this system yield currents in a range workable by present electronic devices, there is no need for further ‘molecular amplification’. Fluctuations of the three modes of water yield similar changes of potentials in the neighbourhood accessible to other molecules; therefore, vibrations from a single water molecule, as an example, or vibrations from any other molecule can be transduced into electrical currents of magnitude compatible with present silicon technology. In the particular case of the water molecule, a rectified potential signal is obtained from the fluctuations of the antisymmetric stretching mode and a simple transduction is obtained from the symmetric stretching and bending modes. It is argued that the high sensitivity is due to the strong delocalization of the frontier molecular orbitals or molecular plasmons on graphene electrodes, which guarantees the detection based on molecular potentials or molecular vibrations; these plasmon-like molecules are of major importance for the development of molecular and nano electronics.
Local vibrational modes in GaAs under hydrostatic pressure

Using infrared spectroscopy, we have observed local vibrational modes (LVM{close_quote}s) in GaAs at hydrostatic pressures as high as 7 GPa at liquid-helium temperatures. The shift of the infrared-active v{sub 3} vibrational mode of CO{sub 2} impurities in the N{sub 2} pressure medium was used as an {ital in situ} pressure calibration. We find that LVM{close_quote}s arising from {sup 12}C{sub As} and {sup 13}C{sub As} substitutional impurities vary linearly with pressure. The shifts of the {sup 12}C{sub As}-H and {sup 13}C{sub As}-H stretch modes have positive curvatures, while the pressure-dependent shift of the S-H stretch mode has a negative curvature. {copyright} {ital 1997} {ital The American Physical Society}