Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Prior Beliefs and Cognitive Change in Learning to Teach

This is a report of the first year of a longitudinal study to investigate changes in preservice teachers’ knowledge and beliefs about reading instruction before, during, and after a fifth-year teacher education program. In particular, changes in global preprogram beliefs about education, teaching, and learning were traced as preservice teachers acquired specific knowledge of how to manage, assess, and instructionally facilitate students’ learning through text. Researchers interviewed and observed 14 elementary and secondary preservice teachers as they entered the teacher education program, attended reading classes at the university, then taught reading in school classrooms. These qualitative data were analyzed to determine (a) the patterns of intellectual change from novice preservice teacher to beginning classroom teacher; (b) the personal, program, and contextual influences or constraints on that change; (c) the role of the cooperating teacher and university supervisor in supporting intellectual change; and (d) the nature of prior beliefs on identity maintenance while learning. Findings include the importance of understanding preservice teachers’ prior beliefs to inform supervision and university course design, the value of cognitive dissonance in practice teaching contexts, the need to routinize classroom management knowledge before attending to subject-specific pedagogy, and the importance of the academic task as part of the teaching knowledge base.
Management of fibromyalgia syndrome.

CONTEXT The optimal management of fibromyalgia syndrome (FMS) is unclear and comprehensive evidence-based guidelines have not been reported. OBJECTIVE To provide up-to-date evidence-based guidelines for the optimal treatment of FMS. DATA SOURCES, SELECTION, AND EXTRACTION: A search of all human trials (randomized controlled trials and meta-analyses of randomized controlled trials) of FMS was made using Cochrane Collaboration Reviews (1993-2004), MEDLINE (1966-2004), CINAHL (1982-2004), EMBASE (1988-2004), PubMed (1966-2004), Healthstar (1975-2000), Current Contents (2000-2004), Web of Science (1980-2004), PsychInfo (1887-2004), and Science Citation Indexes (1996-2004). The literature review was performed by an interdisciplinary panel, composed of 13 experts in various pain management disciplines, selected by the American Pain Society (APS), and supplemented by selected literature reviews by APS staff members and the Utah Drug Information Service. A total of 505 articles were reviewed. DATA SYNTHESIS There are major limitations to the FMS literature, with many treatment trials compromised by short duration and lack of masking. There are no medical therapies that have been specifically approved by the US Food and Drug Administration for management of FMS. Nonetheless, current evidence suggests efficacy of low-dose tricyclic antidepressants, cardiovascular exercise, cognitive behavioral therapy, and patient education. A number of other commonly used FMS therapies, such as trigger point injections, have not been adequately evaluated. CONCLUSIONS Despite the chronicity and complexity of FMS, there are pharmacological and nonpharmacological interventions available that have clinical benefit. Based on current evidence, a stepwise program emphasizing education, certain medications, exercise, cognitive therapy, or all 4 should be recommended.
Isolation and Characterization of Size‐Sieved Stem Cells from Human Bone Marrow

Bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) have the capacity for renewal and the potential to differentiate into multiple lineages of mesenchymal tissues. In the laboratory, MSCs have the tendency to adhere to culture dish plastic and are characterized by fibroblastic morphology, but possess no specific markers to select them. To isolate and purify MSCs from bone marrow, we use a culture device—a plastic culture dish comprising a plate with 3‐μm pores—to sieve out a homogeneous population of cells (termed size‐sieved [SS] cells) from bone marrow aspirates. SS cells that adhered to the upper porous plate surface were a relatively homogeneous population as indicated by morphology and other criteria, such as surface markers. They had the capacity for self‐renewal and the multilineage potential to form bone, fat, and cartilage, and satisfy the characteristics of MSCs. In addition, if all the cells from each passage had been plated and cultured in our defined conditions, over 1014 SS cells would have been obtained from each 10‐ml aspirate in 15 additional weeks of culture. This technically simple method leads to an efficient isolation and purification of cells with the characteristics of MSCs.
Glibenclamide Improves Survival and Neurologic Outcome After Cardiac Arrest in Rats*

Objectives:Glibenclamide confers neuroprotection in animal models as well as in retrospective clinical studies. This study determines whether glibenclamide improves outcome after cardiac arrest in rats. Design:Prospective randomized laboratory study. Setting:University research laboratory. Subjects:Male Sprague-Dawley rats (n = 126). Interventions:Rats successfully resuscitated from 8-minute asphyxial cardiac arrest were randomized to glibenclamide or vehicle group. Rats in the glibenclamide group were intraperitoneally administered glibenclamide with a loading dose of 10 &mgr;g/kg at 10 minutes and a maintenance dose of 1.2 &mgr;g at 6, 12, 18, and 24 hours after return of spontaneous circulation, whereas rats in the vehicle group received equivalent volume of vehicle solution. Measurements and Main Results:Survival was recorded every day, and neurologic deficit scores were assessed at 24, 48, and 72 hours and 7 days after return of spontaneous circulation (n = 22 in each group). Results showed that glibenclamide treatment increased 7-day survival rate, reduced neurologic deficit scores, and prevented neuronal loss in the hippocampal cornu ammonis 1 region. To investigate the neuroprotective effects of glibenclamide in acute phase, we observed neuronal injury at 24 hours after return of spontaneous circulation and found that glibenclamide significantly decreased the rate of neuronal necrosis and apoptosis. In addition, glibenclamide reduced the messenger RNA expression of tumor necrosis factor-&agr; and monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 in the cortex after return of spontaneous circulation. Furthermore, the sulfonylurea receptor 1 and transient receptor potential M4 heteromers, the putative therapeutic targets of glibenclamide, were up-regulated after cardiac arrest and cardiopulmonary resuscitation, indicating that they might be involved in neuroprotective effect of glibenclamide. Conclusions:Glibenclamide treatment substantially improved survival and neurologic outcome throughout a 7-day period after return of spontaneous circulation. The salutary effects of glibenclamide were associated with suppression of neuronal necrosis and apoptosis, as well as inflammation in the brain.
An Efficient Gradient Mechanism of Directed Diffusion in Wireless Sensor Network

In wireless sensor network (WSN), sensor node is limited in energy, thus energy efficiency is an important concern in routing protocol design. And some applications in sensor networks have the requirement of timely delivery, real-time also become needed for routing. Directed diffusion (DD) is a data centric dissemination protocol for sensor networks, but DD cannot support time-sensitive traffic nor perform balance of energy consumption to increase network lifetime. To solve this issue, we design a new kind of gradient mechanism, which considers residual energy of node and the number of hops from the sink to an intermediate node synchronously. It can find a best-effort optimal path in sensor networks for data transfer. Simulation results show that our proposed method achieves more globally energy balancing and lower delay for data transfer than originally DD. It prolongs the lifetime of network efficiently.
Competitividade e a Qualidade de Vida dos Residentes: Percepções Iniciais da Destinação Turística Jericoacoara, CE, Brasil

Resumo: Os temas competitividade e qualidade de vida nas localidades tem se tornado recorrentes, em pesquisas relacionadas ao turismo. Nesses termos, o presente artigo tem como objetivo apresentar as percepcoes quanto aos fatores que fortalecem a correspondencia entre a qualidade de vida dos residentes e a competitividade dos empreendimentos estabelecidos na destinacao , a partir de resultados inicias de pesquisa piloto realizada na destinacao turistica de Jericoacoara, Ceara. Para alcancar este objetivo foi elaborado um estudo do tipo exploratorio de carater descritivo, com uma abordagem qualitativa. No primeiro momento da investigacao, foram entrevistados cerca de 400 pessoas, residentes na localidade. Entre os resultados iniciais encontrados merece destaque o fato de o desenvolvimento do turismo na destinacao, contribuir para a melhoria da qualidade de vida em determinados indicadores, tais como acesso a postos de trabalho e melhoria nas condicoes de saneamento basico. Em outros, tais como acesso a saude e a educacao profissional, ainda sao necessarios avancos para que se possa alcancar a melhoria da qualidade de vida da populacao local assim como aumentar a competitividade da destinacao. Palavras-chave: Turismo. Competitividade. Qualidade de Vida. Destinacao Turistica. Jericoacoara, Ceara, Brasil. Abstract: Competitiveness and quality of life in tourist destinations has become themes recurrent in research related to tourism. This study aims to present pilot survey in the tourist destination of Jericoacoara, Ceara, Brazil, regarding factors that strengthen the correlation between the quality of life of residents and the competitiveness of enterprises established in the allocation. To accomplish this we designed a study of exploratory and descriptive character, with a qualitative approach. More than 400 residents were interviewed at the first time. Initial results highlighted that the development of tourism in the allocation contributes to improving the quality of life in certain indicators such as access to jobs and improving the sanitation conditions. But in others, such as access to health and professional education, improvement is still needed so that one can achieve the improvement of the local population quality of life and also to increase the competitiveness of the destination. Keywords : Tourism. Competitiveness. Quality of Life. Tourism Destination. Jericoacoara, Ceara, Brazil.
A HUMAN LACTOBACILLUS STRAIN (LACTOBACILLUS GG) PROMOTES RECOVERY FROM ACUTE DIARRHOEA IN CHILDREN

To determine the effect of a human Lactobacillus strain GG (Gefilac™) on the clinical outcome and recovery from mucosal damage of acute diarrhoea (82 % rotavirus). 71 well-nourished children between 4 and 45 months of age were studied. After oral rehydration, the patients were randomly assigned to receive either Lactobacillus GG-fermented milk product 125 g (1010-11 CFU) twice daily (Group 1), Lactobacillus GG-freeze dried powder one dose (1010-11 CFU) twice daily (Group 2) or a placebo milk product (Group 3) with no lactic acid bacteria 125 g twice daily, each for 5 days. In addition, normal full diet otherwise free of fermented dairy products was given. Intestinal permeability was assessed by urinary recovery ratios of orally-administered lactulose (4g) and mannitol (0.8 g). The mean (SD) duration of diarrhoea after commencing the therapy was significantly shorter in Group 1, 1.4 (0.8) days, and in Group 2, 1.4 (0.8) days, than in Group 3, 2.4 (1.1) days; F= 8.70, p < 0.001. The decrease in the number of diarrhoeal stools became apparent after the first day of therapy in Group 1 and Group 2. After rehydration, each dietary group maintained a positive weight trend. The urinary lactulose/manniiol recovery ratios (means [95 % confidence intervals]) were on admission in Group 1, 0.09 [0.03,0.24]; Group 2, 0.12 [0.07, 0.22]; Group 3, 0.08 [0.04,0.18], and no significant alterations were observed at retesiing after 2 days of realimentation. The result indicates that early nutritional repletion after rehydration causes no mucosal disruption, and is beneficial for the recovery from diarrhoea. We suggest that fermented dairy products, with viable lactic acid bacteria that are able to colonize the gut, are effective in shortening the course of acute diarrhoea.
Constraints for using IDDQ testing to detect CMOS bridging faults

Detecting CMOS bridging faults (BFs) using IDDQ testing, or the current supply monitoring method (CSM), has recently received much attention. One fundamental question that needs to be answered for this technique is 'what circuits does it apply to'. Previously the authors presented a set of constraints on circuits and their test environment that formed a sufficient condition for using CSM to detect all single and multiple irredundant BFs. In this paper they show that if any of these constraints are removed then circuits exist for which CSM cannot give correct results. Two special classes of circuits, domino logic and synchronous sequential circuits, are discussed in detail. <<ETX>>
DIFFERENCES IN MOTIVATION FOR PHYSICAL ACTIVITY BETWEEN BOYS AND GIRLS LIVING IN URBAN AND RURAL ENVIRONMENT

The sample of 749 respondents aged 11 to 14 years, divided into two sub-groups of 349 male respondents and 391 female respondents took part in a survey conducted with the main objective to determine the influence of motives for engaging in physical sports activity, attitude to sport, socially perceived support from friends and family of students from urban and rural areas. In order to realize the objectives of the research first and second sub-group is divided into two dinstinct groups depending on whether they live in an urban or rural environment . The motives for physical activity is estimated according to the scale of Behavior Regulation Exercise Questionnaire (BREQ) and Motives For Physical Activity Measure - Revised (MPAM-R), while the attitude towards sport according to Kneer inventory positions. Differences are processed multivariate and univariate analysis of variance (ANOVA and MANOVA). Based on the obtained results it can be concluded that male respondents living in rural areas show higher indoor values ? - intrinsic motivation and attitude toward sports, while male respondents living in urban areas perceived greater social support from parents and friends. Girls living in rural areas have more positive attitude to sport, while the other girls from the urban environment perceive greater social support from parents.
Genome‐wide screening for components of small interfering RNA (siRNA) and micro‐RNA (miRNA) pathways in the brown planthopper, Nilaparvata lugens (Hemiptera: Delphacidae)

The brown planthopper (BPH), Nilaparvata lugens, is a major rice pest in Asia, and accumulated evidence indicates that this species is susceptible to RNA interference (RNAi); however, the mechanism underlying RNAi and parental RNAi has not yet been determined. We comprehensively investigated the repertoire of core genes involved in small interfering RNA (siRNA) and micro‐RNA (miRNA) pathways in the BPH by comparing its newly assembled transcriptome and genome with those of Drosophila melanogaster, Tribolium castaneum and Caenorhabditis elegans. Our analysis showed that the BPH possesses one drosha and two Dicer (dcr) genes, three dsRNA‐binding motif protein genes, two Argonaute (ago) genes, two Eri‐1‐like genes (eri‐1), and a Sid‐1‐like gene (sid‐1). Additionally, we report for first time that parental RNAi might occur in this species, and siRNA pathway and Sid‐1 were required for high efficiency of systemic RNAi triggered by exogenous dsRNA. Furthermore, our results also demonstrated that the miRNA pathway was involved in BPH metamorphosis as depletion of the ago1 or dcr1 gene severely impaired ecdysis. The BPH might be a good model system to study the molecular mechanism of systemic RNAi in hemimetabolous insects, and RNAi has potential to be developed to control this pest in agricultural settings.
Technical report: OpenMaTrEx, a free, open-source hybrid data-driven machine translation system

This report describes OpenMaTrEx, a free/open-source hybrid data-driven machine translation system containing core example-based components based on the marker hypothesis. OpenMaTrEx comprises a marker-driven chunker, a collection of chunk aligners, tools to merge (\hybridise") marker-based and statistical translation tables, two engines |a simple proof-of-concept monotone \example-based" recombination engine and a statistical decoder based on Moses |, and support for automatic evaluation. It also contains support for \word packing" to improve alignment. OpenMaTrEx is a free/open-source release of basic components of MaTrEx, the Dublin City University machine translation system. The components and processes implemented in OpenMaTrEx are described in both theoretical and functional detail. Additionally, experimental results are shown in which OpenMaTrEx is compared to plain statistical machine translation on representative tasks.
Agility and Change-of-Direction Speed are Independent Skills: Implications for Training for Agility in Invasion Sports

This review explores the differences between agility in invasion sports (defined as including reactive decision-making) and change-of-direction speed (CODS), and highlights the implications for training. Correlations between agility tests and CODS tests indicate that they represent independent skills. Agility tests discriminate higher- from lower-standard athletes better than CODS tests, indicating that the cognitive element of agility is important to performance. Training studies have shown that the development of strength qualities can transfer to gains in CODS, but this has never been shown for agility. There is some evidence that the importance of physical qualities is greater for CODS than for agility. It was concluded that the reactive element should be included in agility training, testing and research. While there appears to be no research evidence for the benefits of strength and power training, there is some support for the use of small-sided games for improving agility.
Mosaic Intrachromosomal Triplication of (12)(p11.2p13) in a Patient with Pallister-Killian Syndrome

Mosaic Intrachromosomal Triplication of (12)(p11.2p13) in a Patient with Pallister-Killian Syndrome Pallister-Killian syndrome (PKS) is a rare genetic disorder usually characterized by mosaic tetrasomy of isochromosome 12p detected in cultured fibroblast cells. We describe here a patient with PKS and intrachromosomal triplication of the short arm of chromosome 12. Her karyo-type was mos 46, XX, inv trp(12)(p11.2p13)[34]/46, XX[16] de novo by conventional cytogenetics and fluorescent in situ hybridization (FISH) analysis. However, this chromosomal abnormality was not detected from the patient's cultured blood lymphocytes. We report here the third patient with intrachromosomal triplication on the short arm of chromosome 12, presenting a PKS phenotype.
Tuberculosis among transhumant pastoralist and settled communities of south-eastern Mauritania

Background Transhumant pastoralists of Mauritania were assumed to have a high prevalence of tuberculosis (TB) because of reduced access to diagnostic testing. No population-based survey on TB has been published for Mauritania. Objective The goal of this study was to estimate the prevalence of presumptive TB cases among mobile pastoralists and villagers in a remote zone of Mauritania. Design In the south-eastern province of Hodh Ech Chargui, 250 adult pastoralists and 250 villagers were randomly enrolled using multistage cluster sampling in February 2012. A TB centre nurse examined participants using a standard clinical protocol, and a participant questionnaire was completed. Focus group discussions and interviews were conducted with community members and health personnel, respectively. Results Fourteen new presumptive TB cases were identified, leading to an overall prevalence of 2.8%, (95% confidence interval (CI) 1.5–4.7%). The prevalence was non-significantly higher among villagers than pastoralists (3.6% vs. 2.0%). Assuming illness duration was 3 years and all presumptive cases started treatment, an overall crude incidence of 933 cases/100,000 was derived. Five of six presumptive cases in Djiguenni were confirmed by sputum smear microscopy, but none out of eight presumptive cases were confirmed in Néma, although the same nurse performed all clinical examinations in both departments. This result was attributed to the use of expired reagents in Néma. Communities mentioned distance rather than lack of information as the main constraint to seeking diagnosis, but poor diagnostic centre performance also delayed decision-making. Conclusions TB prevalences were high among both pastoralists and villagers. None of the 14 presumptive cases sought prior diagnostic testing. TB diagnostic centres in the remote rural study zone were poorly equipped. These centres must remain in operation to reduce TB incidence in vulnerable communities in insecure remote rural zones and to reach national health goals.
Tocopherol metabolism, oxidation and recycling under high light stress in Arabidopsis.

SUMMARY Tocopherols are synthesized and accumulated by all plants and many cyanobacteria. The quenching and scavenging of reactive oxygen species and lipid peroxy radicals by tocopherols can result in the formation of various tocopherol oxidation compounds. A targeted GC/MS profiling method was developed to quantify all tocopherols and pathway intermediates, and 23 potential alpha- and gamma-tocopherol oxidation products. This method was used to study the response of wild-type Arabidopsis (Col) and the tocopherol biosynthetic mutants vte1, vte2 and vte4 during 12 h low- and high-light treatments (LL and HL, 90 and 1500 mumol photon m(-2) sec(-1), respectively) and a subsequent 12 h dark recovery period. All tocopherols and pathway intermediates exhibited HL-dependent increases except 2,3-dimethyl-6-phytyl-1,4-benzoquinone (DMPBQ) in vte1 and beta-tocopherol in Col. Profiling of potential tocopherol oxidation products during HL treatment indicated the presence of only alpha-tocopherolquinol (alpha-TQH(2)) in Col and only gamma-tocopherolquinol (gamma-TQH(2)) in vte4, both of which accumulated to similar levels and with similar kinetics the two genotypes. However, during dark recovery, the level of alpha-TQH(2) in Col decreased several times faster than that of gamma-TQH(2) in vte4, suggesting the presence of biochemical processes with higher specificity for alpha-TQH(2). (14)C-labeled alpha-tocopherolquinone (alpha-TQ) applied to isolated Col chloroplasts was converted to (14)C-alpha-tocopherol, demonstrating the existence of a plastid-based system for recycling oxidized alpha-tocopherol. The accumulation of (14)C-trimethylphytylbenzoquinone (TMPBQ) by isolated vte1 plastids treated with (14)C-labeled alpha-TQ is consistent with the tocopherolquinone-recycling pathway utilizing a yet to be identified plastid-localized dehydratase that converts tocopherolquinone to TMPBQ.