Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The Presynaptic Function of Mouse Cochlear Inner Hair Cells during Development of Hearing

Before mice start to hear at approximately postnatal day 10, their cochlear inner hair cells (IHCs) spontaneously generate Ca2+ action potentials. Therefore, immature IHCs could stimulate the auditory pathway, provided that they were already competent for transmitter release. Here, we combined patch-clamp capacitance measurements and fluorimetric [Ca2+]i recordings to study the presynaptic function of IHCs during cochlear maturation. Ca2+-dependent exocytosis and subsequent endocytic membrane retrieval were already observed near the date of birth. Ca2+ action potentials triggered exocytosis in immature IHCs, which probably activates the auditory pathway before it becomes responsive to sound. IHCs underwent profound changes in Ca2+-channel expression and secretion during their postnatal development. Ca2+-channel expression increased toward the end of the first week, providing for large secretory responses during this period and thereafter declined to reach mature levels. The efficacy whereby Ca2+ influx triggers exocytosis increased toward maturation, such that vesicle fusion caused by a given Ca2+ current occurred faster in mature IHCs. The observed changes in Ca2+-channel expression and synaptic efficacy probably reflected the ongoing synaptogenesis in IHCs that had been described previously in morphological studies.
Efeitos da Hidroterapia no Equilíbrio de Indivíduos com Doença de Parkinson DOI:10.5585/conssaude.v9i2.2108

Introducao: A doenca de Parkinson (DP) e uma patologia neurodegenerativa que leva a perda progressiva de neuronios na substância negra, resultando em disfuncoes nos padroes de movimento. Objetivo: Analisar os efeitos da hidroterapia no equilibrio de individuos com DP. Metodos: Foram estudados sete individuos (54,00 ± 6,08 anos) com diagnostico de DP. Para avalicao do equilibrio funcional foram aplicados a escala de equilibrio de Berg (EEB) e o teste timed up and go (TUGT) antes e apos o protocolo de hidroterapia. O protocolo foi aplicado durante quatro semanas, sendo tres sessoes semanais com 40 minutos de duracao cada sessao. Resultados: Foi observado um aumento significante na pontuacao da EEB (25,3 ± 10,0 vs 37,0 ± 8,5) e reducao do tempo do TUGT (13,2 ± 1,8 vs 11,4 ± 1,7; p < 0,05) apos a execucao do programa de hidroterapia. Conclusao: O protocolo de hidroterapia promoveu melhora do equilibrio dos individuos com DP.
Identificación de emociones a partir de texto usando desambiguación semántica

espanolEste articulo presenta un sistema de identificacion de emociones basado en texto con una arquitectura independiente del idioma. Este usa distintas tareas de procesamiento del lenguaje natural ademas de un diccionario afectivo. Su principal novedad es la incorporacion de un desambiguador semantico que permite considerar el significado de la palabra en la frase antes de categorizarla emocionalmente. Los experimentos muestran la mejora obtenida sobre un corpus de titulares en ingles. EnglishThis paper presents a text-based emotion identification system based on text implemented by means of a language-independent architecture. The system includes several natural language processing tasks besides an affective keyword dictionary. The main novelty of the system is the incorporation of a semantic disambiguation module which focuses on the meaning of the word within the sentence before labelling it emotionally. The achived results show the this purpose. The conducted experiments show the achieved improvement on a corpus of English headlines.
Converting First Order Logic into Natural Language : A First Level Approach

In this paper, we present the FOLtoNL system, which converts first order logic (FOL) sentences into natural language (NL) ones. The motivation comes from an intelligent tutoring system teaching logic as a knowledge representation language, where we use it as a means for feedback to the users. FOL to NL conversion is achieved by using a rule-based approach, where we exploit the pattern matching capabilities of rules. The system consists of a rulebased system and a lexicon. The expert system implements the conversion algorithm, which is based on a linguistic analysis of a FOL sentence, and the lexicon provides grammatical information that helps in producing the NL sentence. The whole system is implemented in Jess, a java-based expert system shell. The FOLtoNL is not complete in all its aspects yet.
Reverse Engineering of Network Signatures

Network-based intrusion detection systems analyze network traffic looking for evidence of attacks. The analysis is usually performed using signatures, which are rules that describe what traffic should be considered as malicious. If the signatures are known, it is possible to either craft an attack to avoid detection or to send synthetic traffic that will match the signature to over-stimulate the network sensor causing a denial of service attack. To prevent these attacks, commercial systems usually do not publish their signature sets and their analysis algorithms. This paper describes a reverse engineering process and a reverse engineering tool that are used to analyze the way signatures are matched by network-based intrusion detection systems. The results of the analysis are used to either generate variations of attacks that evade detection or produce non-malicious traffic that over-stimulates the sensor. This shows that security through obscurity does not work. That is, keeping the signatures secret does not necessarily increase the resistance of a system to evasion and over-stimulation attacks.
Social Workers’ Stigmatic Perceptions of Individuals With Disabilities: A Focus on Three Disabilities

ABSTRACT Introduction: People with disabilities often identify professionals’ stigmatic views as significant barriers to accessing mainstream services. This study aimed to examine differences in stigmatic attitudes held by social workers toward individuals with intellectual disabilities (ID), mental illness (MI), or dual diagnosis (DD) of ID and MI. Methods: One hundred and fifty-eight social workers responded to three versions of a structured questionnaire. Participants were provided, in random order, with vignettes describing an individual with ID, MI, and DD, after which they completed the Attribution Questionnaire. Results: Results revealed a significant effect of disability type, so that individuals with MI were perceived to be more responsible for their condition than were individuals with ID or DD. Individuals with MI and DD were perceived as more dangerous than those with ID, and social workers endorsed more coercive and segregating behaviors toward individuals with MI and DD than toward those with ID. No differences were found in helping and avoidant behaviors in relation to disability type, and correlations between stigma constructs were found across all three disabilities. Conclusions: Findings are discussed in light of social workers’ obligation to assist individuals to realize their rights to full social and civil inclusion. Given these obligations, they are expected to set aside their personal views and provide help to all their clients regardless of their diagnosis.
Secure e-learning using a holistic and immune security framework

This paper describes how to secure e-learning systems by applying the Holistic and Immune Security Framework. E-learning has great potential for developing communities but security of e-learning systems has not been fully addressed. We have developed a security framework that considers culture of users and environments where information systems operate. The holistic and immune security framework is a function of the deterrence, prevention, detection, response, and recovery system. The security framework makes an E-learning system learn to adapt to environments and to culture of users. We apply the principles of immune system to secure E-learning systems. We describe how to secure the weak links that are created by culture of users in E-leaning systems.
Provably Secure Cryptographic Constructions

Modern cryptography has virtually no provably secure constructions. Starting from the first Diffie–Hellman key agreement protocol (Diffie & Hellman, 1976) and the first public key cryptosystemRSA (Rivest et al., 1978), not a single public key cryptographic protocol has been proven secure. Note, however, that there exist secure secret key protocols, e.g., the one-time pad scheme (Shannon, 1949; Vernam, 1926); they can even achieve information–theoretic security, but only if the secret key carries at least as much information as the message.
NaviPoint: an input device for mobile information browsing

A mobile computing environment imposes various restrictions on users. For example, most mobile devices have a liited screen size, and it may be di&ult to watch the screen closelyWhile the user is walking or standing in a bus or train, he or she may have only one hand free to manipulate the device. Therefore, some new operation method must be developed for comfortable information browsing in the mobile environment. In this paper, several existing methods are first introduced and compared from the viewpoint of their applicability in a mobile environment. A new input device for such an environment, named WaviPoint,” is then introduced NaviPoint is a specialized device for mobile information browsing. By using this device, a user cau perform three types of input “analog input,” “digital input. ,” and “click input? ’ with just one finger. After an explanation of the conceptual structure and a qualitative analysis of NaviPoint, the structure of a prototype is described Experiments using the prototype show that information browsing is possible with an overhead of less than 50% on the usual “mouse and scroll bar” method
Reactive motion planning for an intelligent vehicle

Deals with the problem of controlling the motion of a car-like vehicle moving in a dynamic environment. The authors propose a dynamic approach which enables the vehicle to autonomously avoid stationary and moving obstacles while executing a nominal motion plan. The framework of this research programme is the European Prometheus Eureka project whose purpose is to design autonomous cars in order to increase the safety in traffic situations. <<ETX>>
Dynamic Analysis Of A Car Chassis

The paper investigates into the vibrational characteristics of the car chassis including the natural frequencies and mode shapes. Car chassis forms the structural backbone of a passenger vehicle. When the car travels along the road, the car chassis is excited by dynamic forces caused by the road roughness, engine, transmission and more. Modal analysis using Finite Element Method (FEM) can be used to determine natural frequencies and mode shapes. In this study, the modal analysis has been accomplished by the Commercial finite element packaged ANSYS. The model has been simulated with appropriate accuracy and with considering the effect of bolted and riveted joints. The chassis has been altered by some companies for using in After constructing finite element model of chassis and appropriate meshing with shell elements, model has been analyzed and first 6 frequencies that play important role in dynamic behavior of chassis, have been expanded. In addition, the relationship between natural frequencies and engine operating speed has been explained. The results show that the road excitation is the main disturbance to the car chassis as the chassis natural frequencies lie within the road excitation frequency range. Finally advantages of the modified chassis which leads to the increase of the natural frequencies and placing them in the appropriate range, has been discussed.
Stereo Haptics: Designing Haptic Interactions using Audio Tools

Our hands-on studio will explore how to create meaningful haptic interactions that engage different areas of the body. Participants will gain an understanding of apparent tactile illusions, a perception of illusory motion between two areas on the body, and apply this knowledge towards generating their own haptic experiences. We will introduce participants to Stereo Haptics, a toolkit used to quickly generate haptic sensations through audio platforms with off the shelf hardware and open source software. The studio begins with an introduction to haptics, haptic technology and the illusions it can help create. Next, participants will begin experimenting with Stereo Haptics and using the toolkit to create dynamic haptic interactions. In the final section, participants will work in groups to design haptic solutions for real-life scenarios. By the end of the studio, participants will have a good understanding of tactile illusions, how to create them, and how they can be applied to enrich tangible and embodied interaction using simple stereo-sound technologies.
Measuring the Semantic Integrity of a Process Self

The focus of the thesis is the definition of a framework to protect a process from attacks against the process self, i.e. attacks that alter the expected behavior of the process, by integrating static analysis and run-time monitoring. The static analysis of the program returns a description of the process self that consists of a contextfree grammar, which defines the legal system call traces, and a set of invariants on process variables that hold when a system call is issued. Run-time monitoring assures the semantic integrity of the process by checking that its behavior is coherent with the process self returned by the static analysis. The proposed framework can also cover kernel integrity to protect the process from attacks from the kernel-level. The implementation of the run-time monitoring is based upon introspection, a technique that analyzes the state of a computer to rebuild and check the consistency of kernel or user-level data structures. The ability of observing the run-time values of variables reduces the complexity of the static analysis and increases the amount of information that can be extracted on the run-time behavior of the process. To achieve transparency of the controls for the process while avoiding the introduction of special purpose hardware units that access the memory, the architecture of the run-time monitoring adopts virtualization technology and introduces two virtual machines, the monitored and the introspection virtual machines. This approach increases the overall robustness because a distinct virtual machine, the introspection virtual machine, applies introspection in a transparent way both to verify the kernel integrity and to retrieve the status of the process to check the process self. After presenting the framework and its implementation, the thesis discusses some of its applications to increase the security of a computer network. The first application of the proposed framework is the remote attestation of the semantic integrity of a process. Then, the thesis describes a set of extensions to the framework to protect a process from physical attacks by running an obfuscated version of the process code. Finally, the thesis generalizes the framework to support the efficient sharing of an information infrastructure among users and applications with distinct security and reliability requirements by introducing highly parallel overlays.
Evolutionary Theory and Reactions to Mass Media: Understanding Parasocial Attachment

Forming attachments to those people proximal to the individual was the only option prior to mass media. In an era of mass media, individuals become acquainted with media personae, expanding greatly the pool of available attachment objects. This increases the possibility of a parasocial attachment, defined as a nonreciprocated attachment to a familiar other, and from whom one derives safe haven and felt security. This paper addresses 2 questions: From an evolutionary perspective, what is the expected way that viewers should perceive and react to attractive and familiar media personae? Second, as human beings evolve socially in a mediated environment, will parasocial attachments be adaptive or will they encourage, as a result of confusion over “real” versus parasocial relationships, some measure of dysfunction? Based on data collected during participant observer ethnography within active fan groups, parasocial attachment to celebrities would be a likely outcome of repeated exposure to those celebrities in visual media. The Media Equation (Reeves & Nass, 1996) states that human perceptions do not differentiate between those that emanate from the real world and those that come from media, helping explain the strong feelings that some media viewers develop for personae only encountered through media. The conclusion is that attachment to celebrities and even celebrity worship itself is to be expected, rather than being an abnormal and an aberrant manifestation of human behavior. Although most case examples of parasocial attachment appeared to support positive functioning, in some cases parasocial attachments can be problematic.
Silent Nature Becomes Normal

Abstract This article examines the state of normalization of the environmental issue in Swedish organizations. This is investigated through an examination of statements in annual reports and the use of actor-network theory. This article suggests that the environmental issue is becoming normal in organizations by referring to present organizational activities. By coining the idea of linguistic actants, the article highlights the fact that words, expressions, and concepts can be viewed as actors in the greening process. The study illustrates that choosing the right concepts as allies is crucialfor organizations trying to turn the environmental issue into a normal business issue.
Social and environmental factors modulate leucocyte profiles in free-living Greylag geese (Anser anser)

Background Blood parameters such as haematocrit or leucocyte counts are indicators of immune status and health, which can be affected, in a complex way, by exogenous as well as endogenous factors. Additionally, social context is known to be among the most potent stressors in group living individuals, therefore potentially influencing haematological parameters. However, with few exceptions, this potential causal relationship received only moderate scientific attention. Methods In a free-living and individually marked population of the highly social and long-lived Greylag goose, Anser anser, we relate variation in haematocrit (HCT), heterophils to lymphocytes ratio (H/L) and blood leucocyte counts to the following factors: intrinsic (sex, age, raising condition, i.e. goose- or hand-raised), social (pair-bond status, pair-bond duration and parental experience) and environmental (biologically relevant periods, ambient temperature) factors. Blood samples were collected repeatedly from a total of 105 focal birds during three biologically relevant seasons (winter flock, mating season, summer). Results We found significant relationships between haematological parameters and social as well as environmental factors. During the mating season, unpaired individuals had higher HCT compared to paired and family individuals and this pattern reversed in fall. Similarly, H/L ratio was positively related to pair-bond status in a seasonally dependent way, with highest values during mating and successful pairs had higher H/L ratio than unsuccessful ones. Also, absolute number of leucocytes tended to vary depending on raising condition in a seasonally dependent way. Discussion Haematology bears a great potential in ecological and behavioural studies on wild vertebrates. In sum, we found that HTC, H/L ratio and absolute number of leucocytes are modulated by social factors and conclude that they may be considered valid indicators of individual stress load.
TECHNIQUES FOR THIRD PARTY PRODUCT EVALUATION

Software product evaluation is the assessment of software product characteristics accordigto specified procedures. It aims at determining whether the promises about the product by the supplier and the needs of the customer are met on an acceptable level. Third party evaluation of software provides its customer an independent judgement about the quality of their software products. For example by executing acceptance testing or to conduct a quick scan.
Stratum Recognition Method Based on Support Vector Machine

In order to recognize stratums, a new support vector machine model (SVMM) is built on the basis of well-logging data and with RBF as its kernel function. Through the optimization of penalty parameter C and the introduction of a discriminant function, the classification accuracy of SVMM is greatly enhanced. Experiments show that the SVM classifier can be applied effectively to the recognition of stratums, promising a wide application prospect.
Prevalence of gonorrhoea among women using various methods of contraception.

Among 2,005 women attending a contraceptive clinic 9-3 per cent. were found to have gonorrhoea. When these women were classified according to the method of contraception used at the time of their initial visit to the clinic, the following prevalence of gonorrhoea was observed: oral contraceptives 11-5 per cent. , intrauterine contraceptive devices 9-9 per cent. , barrier methods (condom-diaphragm-foam) 4-2 per cent. These differences are statistically significant. The authors suggest that the additional protective advantage of barrier methods should be considered when the physician and patient are selecting appropriate methods of contraception.
Unsupervised adaptation of supervised part-of-speech taggers for closely related languages

When developing NLP tools for low-resource languages, one is often confronted with the lack of annotated data. We propose to circumvent this bottleneck by training a supervised HMM tagger on a closely related language for which annotated data are available, and translating the words in the tagger parameter files into the low-resource language. The translation dictionaries are created with unsupervised lexicon induction techniques that rely only on raw textual data. We obtain a tagging accuracy of up to 89.08% using a Spanish tagger adapted to Catalan, which is 30.66% above the performance of an unadapted Spanish tagger, and 8.88% below the performance of a supervised tagger trained on annotated Catalan data. Furthermore, we evaluate our model on several Romance, Germanic and Slavic languages and obtain tagging accuracies of up to 92%.
Sexual dysfunction in women with diabetes mellitus.

Sexual functioning consists of several phases: desire, arousal, plateau, orgasm, and resolution (1). Sexual arousal results from a spinal cord reflex. Spinal segments are under excitatory and inhibitory control from supramechanisms, i.e. hypothalamus with its excitatory and androgen receptors. The afferent end is the pudendal nerve, and the efferent one is a coordinated somatic (bulbocavernous, including S2, S3 and S4 sacral segments, which result in muscle contraction) and autonomic nervous system (vaginal and clitoral cavernous autonomic nerves, resulting in clitoral, vaginal and labial enlargement).
Energy Density of Macroscopic Electric and Magnetic Fields in Dispersive Medium with Losses

Electric permittivity and magnetic permeability of linear passive dispersive medium were deflned using the circuit equation of an electrically small antenna (scatterer) with resonant and antiresonant properties. It was shown that the average macroscopic energy stored by the scatterers is proportional to frequency derivative of the input admittance of corresponding antenna. It was found that the average macroscopic energy density of electric and magnetic flelds in dispersive lossy medium is a function of frequency derivatives of its efiective constitutive parameters in accordance with Poynting's theorem in dispersive lossy medium clarifled for this case in the paper.