Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
An improved adaboost learning scheme using LDA features for object recognition

Trained detectors are the most popular algorithms for the detection of vehicles or pedestrians in video sequences. To speed up the processing time the trained stages build a cascade of classifiers. Thereby the classifiers become more powerful from stage to stage. The most popular classifier for real-time applications is Adaboost applied to rectangular Haar-like features. The processing time of these detectors is short enough for real-time applications running on low cost hardware, but for difficult object classes the performance, especially for the later stages, drops. That is mainly due to the local rectangular features that cannot separate the object samples from the non-object samples, especially in later stages where the positive and negative samples become very similar. This paper deals with a new approach that combines the local weak features to global features, improving the separation capability of Adaboost classifiers significantly.
Global Synchronization in an Array of Delayed Neural Networks With Hybrid Coupling

In this paper, we propose and study a general array model of coupled delayed neural networks with hybrid coupling, which is composed of constant coupling, discrete-delay coupling, and distributed-delay coupling. Based on the Lyapunov functional method and Kronecker product properties, several sufficient conditions are established to ensure global exponential synchronization based on the design of the coupling matrices, the inner linking matrices, and/or some free matrices representing the relationships between the system matrices. The conditions are expressed within the framework of linear matrix inequalities, which can be easily computed by the interior-point method. In addition, a typical chaotic cellular neural network is used as the node in the array to illustrate the effectiveness and advantages of the theoretical results.
Autonomic Nervous System Dysregulation: Breathing and Heart Rate Perturbation During Wakefulness in Young Girls with Rett Syndrome

This study characterizes cardiorespiratory dysregulation in young girls with MECP2 mutation–confirmed Rett syndrome (RS). Respiratory inductance plethysmography of chest/abdomen and ECG was obtained during daytime wakefulness in 47 girls with MECP2 mutation–confirmed RS and 47 age-, gender-, and ethnicity-matched controls (ages 2–7 y). An in-home breath-to-breath and beat-to-beat characterization was conducted and revealed that breathing was more irregular, with an increased breathing frequency, mean airflow, and heart rate in RS versus controls. There was a decreased correlation between normal breathing and heart rate variability, and an exaggerated increase in heart rate response to breathholds in RS versus controls. We conclude that girls with RS have cardiorespiratory dysregulation during breathholds as well as during “normal” breaths and during breaths before and subsequent to breathholds. This dysregulation may offer insight into the mechanisms that render girls with RS more vulnerable to sudden death.
On Using Sum-Product Networks for Multi-label Classification

Multi-Label classification consists of mapping each object to a set of relevant labels. A successful approach to constructing Multi-Label classifiers is to obtain a probabilistic model of the relation between object attributes and labels. This model can then be used to classify objects by computing the most probable configuration of label relevance variable conditioned on the attributes. Sum-Product Networks (SPN) are deep probabilistic models that have shown promising results in many tasks. As with many other probabilistic models, performing Most Probable Explanation (MPE) inference is NP-hard in SPNs. In this work we investigate the use of SPNs for Multi-Label classification. We compare different approaches for learning SPNs and computing MPE. We show that SPN-based Multi-Label Classifiers are competitive against state-of-the-art classifiers in a collection of real-world experiments.
A dynamic depth-variable ray-casting interface for object manipulation in ar environments

In this paper, a new object manipulation method is proposed by applying the ray's depth information to the ray-casting-based interface. Ray-casting has been widely used in handheld device interfaces for manipulating objects in three-dimensional (3D) space, such as augmented reality or virtual reality environments. However, the traditional ray-casting interface has limited object manipulation because it cannot designate a specific location in 3D space; it also has poor accuracy in manipulating objects at far distances. In this study, a user could register the virtual object in the real 3D space by specifying the arbitrary position using ray-depth information. We also improved the virtual object manipulation accuracy of the ray-casting interface by compensating the sensitivity according to the distance between the user and the object. To verify the manipulation accuracy of the interface implemented with the proposed technology, this study conducted a comparative experiment with existing interfaces. This verified the performance improvement in 3D space.
Designing of a 10MHz BW 77dB SNDR 8.1mW Continuous-Time Delta-Sigma Modulator With a Proposed Low Power, Rail-to-Rail Output Swing OPAMP

Designing of a 10MHz BW 77dB SNDR 8.1mW Continuous-Time Delta-Sigma Modulator With a Proposed Low Power, Rail-to-Rail Output Swing OPAMP Hong Phuc NINH Ngoc Huy Dong TA Masaya MIYAHARA and Akira MATSUZAWA Graduate School of Engineering, Tokyo Institute of Technology 2-12-1 Ookayama, Meguro-ku, Tokyo 152-8550 Japan E-mail: {phuc, dong, masaya, matsu}@ssc.pe. titech.ac. jp Abstract The design of a single-loop 4 order 10MHz bandwidth, 320MHz sampling frequency (OSR=16) continuous-time delta-sigma is presented. This design is intended to minimize the power consumption in a low-voltage environment. A low power, low noise complimentary input OPAMP, the most power-consumed block in the modulator, is proposed in this design. As a result, the modulator achieves a simulated peak SNDR of 77dB in a 10MHz bandwidth, consumes 8.1mW at 1.2V supply voltage, and occupies an area of 900μm x 480μm in a standard 90nm CMOS process. Keyword Continuous-time Delta-Sigma modulator, low power, rail-to-rail operational amplifier
Intraarticular Injection of Allogenic Mesenchymal Stem Cells has a Protective Role for the Osteoarthritis

Background: Researchers initially proposed the substitution of apoptotic chondrocytes in the superficial cartilage by injecting mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) intraarticularly. This effect was termed as bio-resurfacing. Little evidence supporting the treatment of osteoarthritis (OA) by the delivery of a MSC suspension exists. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of injecting allogenic MSCs intraarticularly in a rat OA model and to evaluate the influence of immobility on the effects of this treatment. Methods: We established a rat knee OA model after 4 and 6 weeks and cultured primary bone marrow MSCs. A MSC suspension was injected into the articular space once per week for 3 weeks. A subgroup of knee joints was immobilized for 3 days after each injection, while the remaining joints were nonimmobilized. We used toluidine blue staining, Mankin scores, and TdT-mediated dUTP-biotin nick end labeling staining to evaluate the therapeutic effect of the injections. Comparisons between the therapy side and the control side of the knee joint were made using paired t-test, and comparisons between the immobilized and nonimmobilized subgroups were made using the unpaired t-test. A P value < 0.05 was considered significant. Results: The three investigative approaches revealed less degeneration on the therapy sides of the knee joints than the control sides in both the 4- and 6-week groups (P < 0.05), regardless of immobilization. No significant differences were observed between the immobilized and nonimmobilized subgroups (P > 0.05). Conclusions: Therapy involving the intraarticular injection of allogenic MSCs promoted cartilage repair in a rat arthritis model, and 3-day immobility after injection had little effect on this therapy.
School harassment: a psychopathological approach

Even though the phenomenon of school harassment (bullying) has recently acquired an important mass-media diffusion, its approach is focused, in most of the cases, on purely educational point of view, thus implying precise actions such as the application of a Discipline Code or the relocation to another centre of any of the involved parties, generally the victim. Besides, from some of the educational structures, convincing manifestations of zero tolerance have taken place, which rather aimed at the mitigation of the social alarm of the fact itself, with punishments to the supposed aggressor or aggressors, than responding to a real will to face the problem in its widest dimension. Leaving aside the discussion about the adequacy or the opportunity of such actions, we deem it necessary to provide a point of view that comprises the phenomenon from a wider point of view. School harassment is a social phenomenon in its nature, which takes place in relatively stable groups, where the victim has little chances of escaping. This group dimension should not be neglected when approaching the phenomenon or planning the intervention. The recurrence of abusive conducts implies a psychosocial risk, both for the aggressor or aggressors and the victim, but also for the schoolmates and for the environment that is subject to a process of moral degradation. Abusive conducts are related to the psychosocial adjustment of the involved parties and have a strong impact on the atmosphere of the coexistence in the centre and in the general community. It is worth mentioning that school harassment, probably because of the mass media diffusion acquired by certain events occurred at school, is associated to the so-called school violence, a questionable construct under which umbrella are encompassed all the events involving more or less violence carried out by young people, even with little relation with the educational system (disruption, indiscipline, vandalism, criminal conducts, etc.) even though such conducts may be associated, they show distinct characteristics. Therefore, we consider it necessary to define which conducts we are referring to and which are the consequences for the involved parties, thus evidencing the need for an intervention that may include the promotion of health as defined by the WHO, conceived not as a mere absence of illness, but as a state of social, psychic and physical well-being. Finally, we would like to highlight the importance that the classrooms may be safe environments where the resilience of the pupils is promoted as well as the emotional well being of the educational community.
Combining the Goodness of Euler Number and Cumulative Sum to Achieve Higher Accuracy for Iris Recognition Systems

Combining the Goodness of Euler Number and Cumulative Sum to Achieve Higher Accuracy for Iris Recognition Systems N.F. Shaikh, Department of Computer Engineering Modern Education Society‟s College of Engineering Pune, India Dr. D. D. Doye, Department of E&TC SGGS IET, Nanded, India _________________________________________________________________________________________ Abstract—Biometrics has dominated the areas of security for its ability to provide uniqueness, higher accuracy and minimum invasion instances. Using iris and its texture as a means of verification and validation evolved three decades ago and since then it has been one of the most reliable security methods with work being done to increase efficiency along with minimizing cost. The method proposed and implemented considers the two above stated requirements as its essence. Two algorithms have been proposed i.e. Euler number and Cumulative Sum for feature extraction. Both have simple mathematical computations which require less processor time thus reducing cost. Fusion of the two algorithms gives higher accuracy since cases of contradicting results can be cross verified with the individual algorithm score. Euler Number works on topographical features and gives scope for rescaling and resizing. Eight bit planes are obtained of which the four least significant bits are discarded since they give brightness and are random. Using the four most significant bits templates are formed. Cumulative Sum on the other hand explores the uniqueness of every iris template, calculating the cumulative sum where deviation from the mean is calculated and added to the previous value in the template. Each algorithm individually computes its own score which is then fused to obtain a final result. The fusion is carried out after template matching and normalization of the scores, ensuring a more accurate result. Different algorithms for template matching i.e. Vector Difference matching and modified version of Hamming Distance have been implemented. The focus therefore lies in the fusion model which has the underlying assumption that verifying an iris image with not just 1 but multiple algorithms would enhance the system, yielding more accurate results. Keywords-Iris Recognition, Segmentation, Feature Extraction, Fusion, Score, Template Matching. _________________________________________________________________________________________
Emotional Intelligence as a Mixed Construct: Its Relation to Personality and Gender

54 English translation © 2006 M.E. Sharpe, Inc., from the Russian text, “Emotsional’nyi intellect kak smeshannyi konstrukt: sviaz’ s lichnostnymi peremennymi i polom. ” D.B. Lyusin is a Candidate of Psychological Sciences and senior lecturer at the L.S. Vygotsky Institute of Psychology, Russian State University for the Humanities. Translated by Nora Favorov. Journal of Russian and East European Psychology, vol. 44, no. 6, November–December 2006, pp. 54–68. © 2006 M.E. Sharpe, Inc. All rights reserved. ISSN 1061–0406/2006 $9.50 + 0.00. DOI 10.2753/RPO1061-0405440604
Investigation of the Performance of the Disintegration Test for Dietary Supplements

The aim of this study was to investigate how beaker size, basket assembly, use of disk, and immersion medium impact the disintegration time of dietary supplements. The disintegration times were determined for five tablet and two capsule products. A two-station disintegration tester was used with Apparatus A or Apparatus B as described in the United States Pharmacopeia (USP) chapters, <701> and <2040>. Two beakers complying with the harmonized specifications were used, one with a volume of 1,000 mL and one with a 1,500-mL volume. The disintegration data were analyzed using ANOVA for the following factors: beaker size, equipment (App A and B) and condition (with/without disk). Two tablet products were not sensitive to any changes in the test conditions or equipment configurations. One product was only partially sensitive to the test conditions. The other products showed impact on the disintegration time for all test conditions. The results revealed that these tablet products might pass or fail current USP disintegration requirements depending on the equipment configuration. Similar results were obtained for the two investigated capsule formulations. One product might fail current USP disintegration requirements if the large beaker was used, but might pass the disintegration requirements when the small beaker was used. Hydroxy propyl methyl cellulose capsules were mostly influenced if sodium instead of a potassium buffer was used as the immersion medium. The results demonstrate that the current harmonized ICH specifications for the disintegration test are insufficient to make the disintegration test into reliable test for dietary supplements.
Capacity bounds of downlink network MIMO systems with inter-cluster interference

To fully understand the capacity of clustered network-MIMO systems and analyze the system performance (throughput, energy-efficiency or quality of service), one must have an analytical expression of the system capacity or capacity bounds. In this paper, the impact of cluster size on the downlink network-MIMO system capacity is analyzed considering inter-cluster interference (ICLI) based on the 1-dimensional Wyner model. For the nonfading channels, the lower and upper bounds of the per-cell capacity with ICLI are derived. The per-cell capacity with ICLI demonstrates a linear growth versus the cluster size in the interference-limited regime due to ICLI. The lower and upper bounds are generalized to a 2-dimensional cellular system. The ICLI turns out to have a great impact on the system capacity when the cluster size is small. Introducing Rayleigh fading channels, assuming the number of users in each cell is sufficiently large, a lower bound of the per-cell ergodic capacity with ICLI is derived.
Future prospects for the MODS assay in multidrug-resistant tuberculosis diagnosis.

Extensively drug-resistant tuberculosis In 2004/2005, workers in Kwazulu-Natal, South Africa, became aware that some patients receiving effective antiretroviral therapy in their pioneering integrated HIV/tuberculosis (TB) program were dying despite undetectable HIV viral loads. Their subsequent detailed epidemiological study with enhanced surveillance for TB drug resistance finally blew the lid off an issue that has been smouldering unspoken for too long – that the era in which standardized, ‘best guess’, empirical TB therapy was an adequate blanket approach to TB control is over. Gerry Friedland and colleagues uncovered a previously unnoticed outbreak of extensively drug-resistant (XDR) TB [1], the current definition of which is the occurrence of TB in persons whose Mycobacterium tuberculosis isolates are resistant to isoniazid and rifampicin (thus all XDR is also multidrugresistant [MDR]) and also resistant to any fluoroquinolone and at least one of three injectable second-line drugs (i.e., amikacin, kanamycin or capreomycin) [2].
Timing within the oestrous cycle modulates adrenergic suppression of NK activity and resistance to metastasis: possible clinical implications

Clinical observations suggest that the rate of metastatic development and long-term mortality following surgery in breast cancer patients is influenced by the menstrual phase during which surgery is conducted. The menstrual cycle is known to modulate various physiological responses and medical conditions that involve adrenergic mechanisms (e.g., asthma). Natural killer activity (NKA), an immune function controlling metastasis, is suppressed following surgery, and in vitro by adrenaline. We therefore hypothesize that the clinical observation may be partly attributable to surgery-induced adrenergic suppression of NK-dependent resistance to metastasis, a suppression that depends on menstrual phase during surgery. To test this hypothesis in rats, 140 F344 females at different phases of their oestrous cycle were injected with a β-adrenergic agonist, metaproterenol (MP) (0.4 or 0.8 mg kg–1, s.c.), or with vehicle, before i.v. inoculation with MADB106 tumour cells. This syngeneic mammary adenocarcinoma line metastasizes only to the lungs, and is highly sensitive to NKA. In a second experiment, the suppression of NKA by MP was studied in vitro in blood drawn at different phases of the oestrous cycle (n = 36). Finally, the effects of stress on the number and activity of NK cells were assessed along the oestrous cycle (n = 71). The findings indicate that the suppressive effects of MP on resistance to metastasis and on NKA, are significantly greater during the oestrous phase characterized by high oestradiol levels (D3/proestrus/oestrus). Similarly, NKA per cell was suppressed by stress only during this phase. In untreated animals, in which inadvertent stress was minimized, no effects of the oestrous cycle on NKA or on resistance to metastasis were evident. These findings indicate that the oestrous cycle modulates adrenergic suppression of NKA and of resistance to metastasis. The relevance of these findings to the above clinical observation, as well as that of our related findings in women from a parallel study, is discussed. © 2000 Cancer Research Campaign http://www.bjcancer. com
How Do Statistical Learning and Perceptual Reorganization Alter Dutch Infant's Perception to Lexical Tones?

Previous studies show that infants experience perceptual reorganization (PR) in the first year of life, after which their sensitivity towards most nonnative speech contrasts greatly decreases. Also, it has been shown that infants can track distributional information from the ambient speech input. Dutch infants of 5-6 and 11-12 months were tested on their perception of a tonal contrast in Mandarin Chinese under uni/bimodal distributions. Results show that statistical learning influences infants’ discrimination of the non-native tonal contrast at 11-12 months, whereas this effect diminishes before the onset of tonal PR at 5-6 months. Two control groups of Dutch infants were tested on their discrimination to the same lexical tonal contrast without statistical exposure. Results showed that only young infants (5-6 months) but not older infants (11-12 months) discriminated the contrast. This not only supports earlier claims that tonal PR occurs at 6-9 months, but also reveals that the effects of PR can be partly reversed by distributional learning as 11-month-old infants’ perception of non-native tones was facilitated in the bimodal condition.
Development and analysis of microstrip antenna for Wireless Local Area Network (IEEE 802.11y)

This paper presents a compact narrow band antenna for Wireless Local Area Network (WLAN) which operates at 3.6 GHz. The proposed antenna has M-shaped structure with length (l) of 35.89 mm and width (w) of 22.99 mm respectively. In this, selection of the patch length and width are the major parameters taken into considerations when designing an antenna. Desired patch is initially simulated by using IE3D simulator and is realized as per design requirements. This antenna provides return loss of -20 dB while the -10 dBpassband of the developed antenna is 1GHz from 3.5GHz to 3.7 GHz. the designed antenna is fabricated on FR4 substrate with dielectric constant of 4.4, loss tangent of 0.0004 and thickness of 1.6 mm using dual side Printed Circuit Board (PCB) technology. The measured S parameter of an antenna is compared with the simulated one, where the results obtained over the desired passband is at acceptable level.
Properties of Transparent Shortened Codes for Memories With Stuck-at Faults

This correspondence deals with the problem of selecting optimal shortened d = 3 Hamming codes and d = 4 extended Hamming codes. The studied codes are transparent codes, minimum column weight codes, and codes with a minimum number of codewords of minimum weight. It is concluded that a shortened code normally does not combine the properties of being transparent, being of minimum column weight type and having a minimum number of codewords of minimum weight. Furthermore, it is concluded that the weight distribution of a shortened code depends on the selected set of shortened information symbols for a given fixed number of shortened symbols. The correspondence also gives examples of good 22, 16 codes.