Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Performance of the Montreal classification for inflammatory bowel diseases.

AIM To validate the Montreal classification system for Crohn's disease (CD) and ulcerative colitis (UC) within the Netherlands. METHODS A selection of 20 de-identified medical records with an appropriate representation of the inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) sub phenotypes were scored by 30 observers with different professions (gastroenterologist specialist in IBD, gastroenterologist in training and IBD-nurses) and experience level with IBD patient care. Patients were classified according to the Montreal classification. In addition, participants were asked to score extra-intestinal manifestations (EIM) and disease severity in CD based on their clinical judgment. The inter-observer agreement was calculated by percentages of correct answers (answers identical to the "expert evaluation") and Fleiss-kappa (κ). Kappa cut-offs: < 0.4-poor; 0.41-0.6-moderate; 0.61-0.8-good; > 0.8 excellent. RESULTS The inter-observer agreement was excellent for diagnosis (κ = 0.96), perianal disease (κ = 0.92) and disease location in CD (κ = 0.82) and good for age of onset (κ = 0.67), upper gastrointestinal disease (κ = 0.62), disease behaviour in CD (κ = 0.79) and disease extent in UC (κ = 0.65). Disease severity in UC was scored poor (κ = 0.23). The additional items resulted in a good inter-observer agreement for EIM (κ = 0.68) and a moderate agreement for disease severity in CD (κ = 0.44). Percentages of correct answers over all Montreal items give a good reflection of the inter-observer agreement (> 80%), except for disease severity (48%-74%). IBD-nurses were significantly worse in scoring upper gastrointestinal disease in CD compared to gastroenterologists (P = 0.008) and gastroenterologists in training (P = 0.040). Observers with less than 10 years of experience were significantly better at scoring UC severity than observers with 10-20 years (P = 0.003) and more than 20 years (P = 0.003) of experience with IBD patient care. Observers with 10-20 years of experience with IBD patient care were significantly better at scoring upper gastrointestinal disease in CD than observers with less than 10 years (P = 0.007) and more than 20 years (P = 0.007) of experience with IBD patient care. CONCLUSION We found a good to excellent inter-observer agreement for all Montreal items except for disease severity in UC (poor).
Endophytes and Their Potential to Deal with Co-Contamination of Organic Contaminants (Toluene) and Toxic Metals (Nickel) During Phytoremediation

The aim was to investigate if engineered endophytes that are capable of degrading organic contaminants, and deal with or ideally improve uptake and translocation of toxic metals, can improve phytoremediation of mixed organic-metal pollution. As a model system, yellow lupine was inoculated with the endophyte Burkholderia cepacia VM1468 possessing (a) the pTOM-Bu61 plasmid, coding for constitutive toluene/TCE degradation, and (b) the chromosomally inserted ncc-nre Ni resistance/sequestration system. As controls, plants were inoculated with B. vietnamiensis BU61 (pTOM-Bu61) and B. cepacia BU72 (containing the ncc-nre Ni resistance/sequestration system). Plants were exposed to mixes of toluene and Ni. Only inoculation with B. cepacia VM1468 resulted in decreased Ni and toluene phytotoxicity, as measured by a protective effect on plant growth and decreased activities of enzymes involved in antioxidative defence (catalase, guaiacol peroxidase, superoxide dismutase) in the roots. Besides, plants inoculated with B. cepacia VM1468 and B. vietnamiensis BU61 released less toluene through the leaves than non-inoculated plants and those inoculated with B. cepacia BU72. Ni-uptake in roots was slightly increased for B. cepacia BU72 inoculated plants. These results indicate that engineered endophytes have the potential to assist their host plant to deal with co-contamination of toxic metals and organic contaminants during phytoremediation.
Wavelet and footprint sampling of signals with a finite rate of innovation

We consider classes of not bandlimited signals, namely streams of Diracs and piecewise polynomial signals, and show that these signals can be sampled and perfectly reconstructed using wavelets as sampling kernel. Due to the multiresolution structure of the wavelet transform, these new sampling theorems naturally lead to the development of a new resolution enhancement algorithm based on wavelet footprints (Dragotti, P.L. and Vetterli, M., IEEE Trans. Sig. Process., vol.51, no.5, p.1306-23, 2003). Preliminary results show the potentiality of this algorithm.
Maternal height and shoe size as predictors of pelvic disproportion: an assessment

Summary. A total of 351 women who gave birth in the Paddington and North Kensington Health District were studied in order to establish a factual basis for recording height and shoe size as indicators of pelvic adequacy. Because only 19 women had radiological pelvimetry assessment, type of delivery and length of labour were used as proxy measures of disproportion. Of the 57 women with a shoe size <4½, 21% were delivered by caesarean section compared with 10% of the group with shoe size between 4½ and 6 and only 1% of the group with shoe size 6½. Similar relations with height were not generally found. The data were further examined using logistic regression models of the expected percentages of mothers having an adverse delivery. The models confirmed and extended the more simple analysis.
Gender-Based Experiences and Perceptions after the 2010 Winter Storms in Atlantic Canada

This paper conveys the findings of the first phase of a longitudinal study into climate change adaptation in Atlantic Canada. Men and women from 10 coastal communities in three provinces (Quebec, New Brunswick, and Prince Edward Island) were interviewed to better understand how both sexes perceived and reacted to extreme weather events. Their responses were recorded based on their experiences, personal and community levels of preparedness, as well as help received and effects on their lives. Most importantly, the findings denote that more men were personally prepared and more active in the community than women. More men recognized a deficiency in help at the community level, and were critical of government in particular, addressing a lack of financial interventions and support. Women were forthcoming with their emotions, admitting to feeling fear and worry, and their perceptions in terms of impacts and actions were closer to home. The results support what others have shown that in rural and coastal communities the traditional division of labor may influence and lead to a gender bias in terms of actions and gradual adaptation in communities. There is a need to better understand how these sometimes subtle differences may affect decisions that do not always consider women’s roles and experiences in the face of extreme events.
Factores facilitadores e inhibidores del incremento del grado de diversificacion en las empresas de Castilla y León

El presente trabajo estudia tres factores organizativos que pueden facilitar o inhibir el incremento del nivel de diversificacion industrial: el tamano corporativo, la diversificacion internacional y la diversidad de producto inicial. En concreto, pretende analizar los efectos principales e interaccion de dichos factores sobre la probabilidad de que las empresas aumenten el numero de negocios donde participan. Para ello, tras revisar la literatura sobre diversificacion y cambio estrategico, se plantean una serie de hipotesis, cuyo contraste se efectua aplicando un analisis de regresion Logit. Los resultados indican que tanto el tamano como la internacionalizacion de una empresa obstaculizan su crecimiento hacia nuevas lineas de actividad. Asimismo, este trabajo revela la existencia de interacciones significativas entre ambas variables y la diversidad de producto inicial que influyen favorablemente en el incremento de la diversificacion industrial. This study examines three organizational factors that may facilitate or inhibit the increase in industrial diversification: firm size, international diversification and initial product diversity. Specifically, the goal is to analyze their main and interaction effects on firms propensity to enhance the number of business segments in which they operate. After revising literature on diversification and strategic change, the study proposes a number of hypotheses that are contrasted by applying a Logit regression. Results indicate that size and internationalization of the firm restrain significantly its growth toward new activities. Also, our findings reveal that there are significant interactions among both variables and the initial product diversity that affect positively on the increase in industrial diversification.
SER analysis for the best relay selection with interferences for DF

In this paper, we analyze the performance of a new cooperative diversity scheme based on best relay selection with interferences at relay nodes, only relay node can be affected by interference. For the selection scenario, only a best relay that maximizes the end-to- end received signal-to-interference and noise ratio (SINR) at the destination is selected to forward the information. Through statistical analyses, we establish a closed-form expression for the symbol error rate (SER), by deriving the analytical expressions for the probability density function ( PDF ), the cumulative density function ( CDF ), and the moment generating function (MGF) of the instantaneous received signal to interference and noise ratio (SINR) from relay selection. At relay nodes we use selection combiner (SC), which only process one of the diversity branches that has the highest SINR, alternatively, at the destination we used maximum ratio combiner (MRC) to combine the transmitted signals from the source and that one from the best selected relay. we show that our new scheme optimizes well the available resources (two channel links: the direct and the best relay links). Simulations are given to validate the analytical results with different number of relays and different interference power.
High-precision timeline for Earth’s most severe extinction

Significance Mass extinctions are major drivers of macroevolutionary change and mark fundamental transitions in the history of life, yet the feedbacks between environmental perturbation and biological response, which occur on submillennial timescales, are poorly understood. We present a high-precision age model for the end-Permian mass extinction, which was the most severe loss of marine and terrestrial biota in the last 542 My, that allows exploration of the sequence of events at millennial to decamillenial timescales 252 Mya. This record is critical for a better understanding of the punctuated nature and duration of the extinction, the reorganization of the carbon cycle, and a refined evaluation of potential trigger and kill mechanisms. The end-Permian mass extinction was the most severe loss of marine and terrestrial biota in the last 542 My. Understanding its cause and the controls on extinction/recovery dynamics depends on an accurate and precise age model. U-Pb zircon dates for five volcanic ash beds from the Global Stratotype Section and Point for the Permian-Triassic boundary at Meishan, China, define an age model for the extinction and allow exploration of the links between global environmental perturbation, carbon cycle disruption, mass extinction, and recovery at millennial timescales. The extinction occurred between 251.941 ± 0.037 and 251.880 ± 0.031 Mya, an interval of 60 ± 48 ka. Onset of a major reorganization of the carbon cycle immediately precedes the initiation of extinction and is punctuated by a sharp (3‰), short-lived negative spike in the isotopic composition of carbonate carbon. Carbon cycle volatility persists for ∼500 ka before a return to near preextinction values. Decamillenial to millennial level resolution of the mass extinction and its aftermath will permit a refined evaluation of the relative roles of rate-dependent processes contributing to the extinction, allowing insight into postextinction ecosystem expansion, and establish an accurate time point for evaluating the plausibility of trigger and kill mechanisms.
Use of allopurinol in slowing the progression of renal disease through its ability to lower serum uric acid level.

BACKGROUND Hyperuricemia is associated strongly with the development of hypertension, renal disease, and progression. Allopurinol decreases serum uric acid levels by inhibiting the enzyme xanthine oxidase. We hypothesized that administrating allopurinol to decrease serum uric acid levels to the normal range in hyperuricemic patients with chronic kidney disease may be of benefit in decreasing blood pressure and slowing the rate of renal disease progression in these patients. METHODS We conducted a prospective, randomized, controlled trial of 54 hyperuricemic patients with chronic kidney disease. Patients were randomly assigned to treatment with allopurinol, 100 to 300 mg/d, or to continue the usual therapy for 12 months. Clinical, hematologic, and biochemical parameters were measured at baseline and 3, 6, and 12 months of treatment. We define our study end points as: (1) stable kidney function with less than 40% increase in serum creatinine level, (2) impaired renal function with creatinine level increase greater than 40% of baseline value, (3) initiation of dialysis therapy, and (4) death. RESULTS One patient in the treatment group dropped out because of skin allergy to allopurinol. Serum uric acid levels were significantly decreased in subjects treated with allopurinol, from 9.75 +/- 1.18 mg/dL (0.58 +/- 0.07 mmol/L) to 5.88 +/- 1.01 mg/dL (0.35 +/- 0.06 mmol/L; P < 0.001). There were no significant differences in systolic or diastolic blood pressure at the end of the study comparing the 2 groups. There was a trend toward a lower serum creatinine level in the treatment group compared with controls after 12 months of therapy, although it did not reach statistical significance (P = 0.08). Overall, 4 of 25 patients (16%) in the allopurinol group reached the combined end points of significant deterioration in renal function and dialysis dependence compared with 12 of 26 patients (46.1%) in the control group (P = 0.015). CONCLUSION Allopurinol therapy significantly decreases serum uric acid levels in hyperuricemic patients with mild to moderate chronic kidney disease. Its use is safe and helps preserve kidney function during 12 months of therapy compared with controls. Results of this study need to be confirmed with an additional prospective trial involving a larger cohort of patients to determine the long-term efficacy of allopurinol therapy and in specific chronic kidney disease subpopulations.
Taking a Different Route: Contribution of Articulation and Metacognition to Intervention With At-Risk Third-Grade Readers

This study compared the impact of 2 types of small-group interventions targeting below-level 3rd-grade students. The study compared WordWork decoding and spelling instruction (Calfee, Miller, Norman, Wilson, & Trainin, 2006; Calfee & Patrick, 1995), which includes attention to articulation and metacognition, with a more traditional phonological awareness program (Torgesen & Bryant, 1993). University education students delivered the interventions with equal instructional time and fidelity, to both groups. Students in both intervention groups engaged in repeated readings of connected text to promote transfer. The impact of training was assessed through decoding, spelling, and oral reading fluency measures. Results indicated that WordWork produced more positive results in decoding, spelling, and fluency, and had significantly fewer treatment resisters.
Decision-making by family caregivers of elders experiencing dementia

Families provide the majority of care for persons with Alzheimer's disease. Multiple aspects of caregiving, including decision-making, lead to caregiver burden and stress. The purpose of this pilot study was to describe the decision situations faced by caregivers. Nine female spouse caregivers participated in focus groups to solicit the decision situations they faced while caring for their husbands. Some 183 decision situations were grouped into 14 decision-making topics and five other topical categories: physical safety and wellness; cognitive and emotional; relationships; caregiver well-being; and legal. Categories were organized under two themes: decision situations related to self-care and decision situations related to spouse care. The majority of decision situations relate to maintaining the caregiver's well-being. Implications for nursing and further study are discussed.
Ordinary Theorizing of Aging and Membership Categories

Drawing upon a corpus of the author's research, this paper demonstrates how membership categorization devices can explicate social aging. In particulat it connects Schutz's notion of anonymous typifications with membership categorization analysis. Initially,Schutz's perspective and its development within ethnomethodological/interpretivist understanding of social life is outlined. The practical use of membership categorizations is illustrated in three domains: firstly, professional texts of architectural design for special housing for older people to show how space utilization is accounted for, secondly,an ethnography of rehabilitation of older people to show how professional theorizing of care displays a dialectic between space/place and type of care received and thirdly material from a study of becoming and being older to outline changing identities of aging. Whilst these research studies ostensibly are discrete, they are linked with a theoretical/analytical concern to demonstrate how membership categorization analysis concretizes Schutz's rather abstract notion of typification in social situations and, thereby, displays the ongoing accomplishment and orderly production of aging
Lime: a Java-compatible and synthesizable language for heterogeneous architectures

The halt in clock frequency scaling has forced architects and language designers to look elsewhere for continued improvements in performance. We believe that extracting maximum performance will require compilation to highly heterogeneous architectures that include reconfigurable hardware. We present a new language, Lime, which is designed to be executable across a broad range of architectures, from FPGAs to conventional CPUs. We present the language as a whole, focusing on its novel features for limiting side-effects and integration of the streaming paradigm into an object- oriented language. We conclude with some initial results demonstrating applications running either on a CPU or co- executing on a CPU and an FPGA.
Analysis on asymmetric fault current of inverter interfaced distributed generator

Fault characteristics of inverter interfaced distributed generator (IIGD) are determined by its grid-side converter. To deduce the fault current of IIDG is to analyze the current response under the action of grid voltage sags. To enhance the low voltage ride through (LVRT) ability of IIDG when asymmetric fault occurs, the dual current control strategy is widely used. In this paper, the positive and negative sequence current expressions were deduced based on the dual current control strategy and the influence factors were analyzed based on the expressions. When the amplitude of the fault current is higher than the maximum value of the converter can transfer, a new fault current calculation method was proposed. Theoretical analysis and simulation on PSCAD verified that the d-axis components of positive and negative sequence current meet second order response and the q-axis components are zero. The steady-state value of positive and negative sequence current is determined by the unbalance degree of grid and the transient process of fault current is determined by the control parameters of the grid-side converter. The conclusions are of great significance to relay protection of the grid with HDG.
Semantical Descriptions of Models for Web Design

The use of semantic web languages brings a number of advantages for web engineering methodologies. In this paper we present how in the Hera methodology the design models benefit from description in semantic web languages. We describe how the important models are expressed and how the corresponding meta-models are defined. This is illustrated for the Application Model that specifies the hypermedia navigation over the content in the application, and do so for both the static and dynamic cases. With the support of the dynamics, particularly the interaction of the user with the generated hypermedia presentation, we extend the possibilities to specify the design of a new generation of web applications.
Childhood- versus Adolescent-Onset Antisocial Youth with Conduct Disorder: Psychiatric Illness, Neuropsychological and Psychosocial Function

Objective The present study investigates whether youths with childhood-onset antisocial behavior have higher rates of psychiatric illness, neuropsychological and psychosocial dysfunction than youths who engage in antisocial behavior for the first time in adolescence. Prior studies have generally focused on single domains of function in heterogeneous samples. The present study also examined the extent to which adolescent-onset antisocial behavior can be considered normative, an assumption of Moffitt’s dual taxonomy model. Method Forty-three subjects (34 males, 9 females, mean age = 15.31, age range 12–21) with a diagnosis of conduct disorder (CD) were recruited through Headspace Services and the Juvenile Justice Community Centre. We compared childhood-onset antisocial youths (n = 23) with adolescent-onset antisocial youths (n = 20) with a conduct disorder, across a battery of psychiatric, neuropsychological and psychosocial measures. Neuropsychological function of both groups was also compared with normative scores from control samples. Results The childhood-onset group displayed deficits in verbal learning and memory, higher rates of psychosis, childhood maltreatment and more serious violent behavior, all effects associated with a large effect size. Both groups had impaired executive function, falling within the extremely low range (severely impaired). Conclusions Childhood-onset CD displayed greater cognitive impairment, more psychiatric symptoms and committed more serious violent offences. The finding of severe executive impairment in both childhood- and adolescent-onset groupings challenges the assumption that adolescent-onset antisocial behavior is a normative process.