Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Still Guarding the Gate?

As more and more newspapers begin to deliver stories in electronic forms, journalists are re-examining their traditional roles in a world of exponentially expanding information. Most of the metro reporters and editors interviewed during a trio of USA case studies in the summer and early autumn of 1995 believe their function as gatekeepers remains vital, but they see it as being modified to encompass a need for interpretation and quality control. Their role becomes less about selecting stories for dissemination and more about bolstering the value of what they disseminate so that it rises to the crest of the information tidal wave.
Strategy as Practical Coping: A Heideggerian Perspective

What strategic actors actually do in practice has become increasingly the focus of strategy research in recent years. This paper argues that, in furthering such practice-based views of strategy, we need a more adequate re-conceptualization of agency, action and practice and how they interrelate. We draw from the work of the continental philosopher Martin Heidegger to articulate a relational theory of human agency that is better suited to explaining everyday purposive actions and practices. Specifically, we argue that the dominant ‘building’ mode of strategizing that configures actors (whether individual or organizational) as distinct entities deliberately engaging in purposeful strategic activities derives from a more basic ‘dwelling’ mode in which strategy emerges non-deliberately through everyday practical coping. Whereas, from the building perspective, strategy is predicated upon the prior conception of plans that are then orchestrated to realize desired outcome, from a dwelling perspective strategy does not require, nor does it presuppose, intention and purposeful goal-orientation: strategic ‘intent’ is viewed as immanent in every adaptive action. Observed consistencies in actions taken are explained not through deliberate goal-orientation but, instead, via a modus operandi: an internalized disposition to act in a manner congruent with past actions and experiences. Explaining strategy in dwelling terms enables us to understand how it is that actions may be consistent and organizationally effective without (and even in spite of) the existence of purposeful strategic plans.
Emotions in Context: A Sociodynamic Model of Emotions

We propose a sociodynamic model of emotions, in which emotions are seen as dynamic systems that emerge from the interactions and relationships in which they take place. Our model does not deny that emotions are biologically constrained, yet it takes seriously that emotions are situated in specific contexts. We conceive emotions as largely functional to the sociocultural environment in which they occur; this is so because sociocultural environments foster the emergence of emotions that positively contribute to social cohesion. The role of the social context includes actual, online shaping—affordances, constraints, and reward structures—and thus goes beyond merely providing the content of cognitive representations (e.g., goals, concepts).
The differential effectiveness of group psychotherapy: A meta-analytic perspective.

The differential effectiveness of group psychotherapy was estimated in a meta-analysis of 111 experimental and quasi-experimental studies published over the past 20 years. A number of client, therapist, group, and methodological variables were examined in an attempt to determine specific as well as generic effectiveness. Three different effect sizes were computed: active versus wait list, active versus alternative treatment, and pre- to posttreatment improvement rates. The active versus wait list overall effect size (0.58) indicated that the average recipient of group treatment is better off than 72% of untreated controls. Improvement was related to group composition, setting, and diagnosis. Findings are discussed within the context of what the authors have learned about group treatment, meta-analytic studies of the extant group literature, and what remains for future research. Researchers’ understanding regarding the effectiveness of group psychotherapy has evolved over the past century. Case studies and anecdotal reports characterized the group literature in the first half of the 20th century, with the first comparative studies emerging in the 1960s (Barlow, Burlingame, & Fuhriman, 2000). Early reviews (Pattison, 1965; Rickard, 1962; Stotsky & Zolik, 1965) concluded that group therapy was a helpful adjunctive treatment, although little empirical evidence supported its use as a robust independent treatment. Reviewers in the latter part of that decade (Anderson, 1968; Mann, 1966) began to give group a heartier endorsement, describing it as capable of producing objectively measurable change in patient attitude, personality, and behavior. Throughout the 1970s, researchers repeatedly concluded that group outcomes were consistently superior to those of control groups (Bed
Piaget on Childhood

On the 100th anniversary of his birth, Piaget's ideas remain central to current understanding of development during childhood. The magnitude of this achievement is evident when one contrasts his current role with that of other great psychologists of his generation. No contemporary experimental or cognitive psychology textbook would devote an entire chapter t o the contributions of Hull, Guthrie, Tolman, Skinner, Kohler, or Thurstone. Nor would any contemporary developmental psychology textbook devote a whole chapter to the ideas and findings of such luminaries as Sears, Vygotsky, Goodenough, or Gesell. Yet almost every developmental textbook devotes a chapter to Piaget's ideas and the research they engendered. The reason is simple: It is impossible t o understand the field of developmental psychology without understanding Piaget's ideas and findings. Piaget so transformed thinking about childhood and development that, as Miller (1993) noted, it is difficult to fathom how or why we ever thought about them differently. The questions we ask, the tasks we study, and the methods we use all reflect our frequently unconscious assimilation of Piaget's approach. One way in which the field of cognitive development has followed Piaget's lead is in emphasizing questions of philosophical interest, such as how children come t o understand epistemologically central concepts (e.g. causality, classification, morality, time, space, mind), how they solve Quine's (1960) riddle of induction, and what their basic ontological categories are. The familiarity of these questions makes them seem the natural ones t o ask. Despite their importance, however, it was not inevitable that they would be emphasized. Current research on adult cognitive psychology and research before 1965 on children's learning illustrate two alternative routes that might have been taken. Contemporary adult cognitive psychology focuses on the nature of the cognitive architecture and the operation of real-time cognitive processes. Research conducted before 1965 on children's learning highlighted questions concerning the way in which processes such as discrimination and generalization shape children's learning. Thus, part of Piaget's enduring impact has been his role in shaping the types of questions that are seen as central for understanding cognitive development. Piaget's influence also has been felt in the types of tasks that are most widely studied by researchers interested in children's thinking. These tasks are designed to elicit high-level cognition: problem solving, reasoning, and understanding of complex concepts. In contrast, in adult cognitive psychology, tasks designed to reveal the workings of attentional, perceptual, and basic learning and memory processes are given far more attention. Once more, it is easy t o imagine research on cognitive development having followed this lead or proceeding in another di-
Novel ceramic bone replacement material CeraBall seeded with human mesenchymal stem cells.

OBJECTIVES Hydroxyapatite (HA) and tricalcium phosphate (TCP) are two very common ceramic materials for bone replacement. A recently developed material for bone replacement is CeraBall, which is a mixed HA-TCP scaffold available as porous spherical scaffolds of diameter 4 and 6 mm. Before their use as bone replacement materials in vivo, in vitro testing of these scaffolds is necessary. The goal of this study was to characterise 4 and 6 mm CeraBall scaffolds in vitro with a view to their future use as bone replacement materials. MATERIALS AND METHODS The proliferation of human mesenchymal stromal cells (hMSCs) seeded on CeraBall scaffolds was evaluated quantitatively using the WST [Water soluble tetrazolium ((4-[3-(4- Iodophenyl)-2-(4-nitrophenyl)-2H-5-tetrazolio]-1, 3-benzene disulfonate)] test and qualitatively by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). In addition, the standard MTT [(3-(4, 5-Dimenthylthiazol-2-Y1)-2, 5-Diphenyltetrazolium bromide)] biocompatibility test and cell vitality staining were performed using hMSCs. CeraBall scaffolds were also tested for their mechanical properties. RESULTS SEM and WST test results showed that hMSCs proliferated on CeraBall scaffolds over the course of 9 days. Proliferation was similar to that seen on tissue culture polystyrene (control). Cells showed a well-spread morphology and formed 'sheets' on the surface of scaffolds. Invasion of pores was observed. Good biocompatibility was demonstrated by MTT test results and cell vitality staining. Scaffolds of both 4 and 6 mm were able to withstand compressive loads of 5 N. CONCLUSIONS CeraBall scaffolds show good biocompatibility in vitro for hMSCs. This opens the way for in vivo applications.
Understanding teacher identity: an overview of issues in the literature and implications for teacher education

While literature on teaching emphasizes the importance of identity in teacher development, understanding identity and the issues related to it can be a challenging endeavour. This article provides an overview of the issues revealed in recent discussions of teacher identity: the problem of defining the concept; the place of the self, and related issues of agency, emotion, narrative and discourse; the role of reflection; and the influence of contextual factors. A particular focus is placed on identity in pre‐service teachers and new practitioners. Implications of an understanding of these issues for programmes of teacher education are highlighted.
Direct Negative Opinions in Online Discussions

In this paper we investigate the impact of antagonism in online discussions. We define antagonism as a new class of textual opinions - direct sentiment towards the authors of previous comments. We detect the negative sentiment using aspect-based opinion mining techniques. We create a model of human behavior in online communities, based on the network topology and on the communication content. The model contains seven hypotheses, which validate two intuitions. The first intuition is that the content of the messages exchanged in an online community can separate good and insightful contributions from the rest. The second intuition is that there is a delay until the network stabilizes and until standard measures, such as betweenness centrality, can be used accurately. Taken together, these intuitions are a solid case for using the content of the communication along with network measures. We show that the sentiment within the messages, especially antagonism, can significantly alter the community perception. We use real world data, taken from the Slash dot discussion forum to validate our model. All the findings are accompanied by extremely significant t-test p-values.
Safety of medicines used for ADHD in children: a review of published prospective clinical trials

Objective To assess the long-term safety of drugs for attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). Methods A bibliographic search was performed in the MEDLINE, EMBASE and PsycINFO databases for prospective studies evaluating the incidence of adverse events (AEs) in children and adolescents treated for ADHD. Results A total of six prospective studies that monitored drug safety during therapy for at least 12 weeks were retrieved. The drugs studied were atomoxetine (two studies, 802 patients), osmotic-controlled released oral methylphenidate formulation (two studies, 512 patients), extended release formulation of mixed amphetamine salts (one study, 568 patients) and transdermal methylphenidate (one study, 326 patients). Heterogeneity was found in the duration of follow-up (ranging between 1 and 4 years) and in the way data were reported. The rate of treatment-related AEs ranged from 58% to 78%, and the rate of discontinuation due to AEs ranged from 8% to 25% of the children. Decreased appetite, insomnia, headache and abdominal pain were the most common AEs observed. Most AEs and cases of discontinuation occurred during the first few months of treatment. Conclusions Few studies evaluated the long-term safety of drugs for ADHD. Heterogeneity in follow-up duration and in data reporting made comparing different studies and drugs difficult. A systematic monitoring of long-term safety is needed.
The Entrepreneurial Propensity of Women

Entrepreneurship is becoming an increasingly important source of employment for women across many countries. The level of female involvement in entrepreneurial activity, however, is still significantly lower than that of men. We take a behavioral economics approach and, using a large sample of individuals in 17 countries, we investigate what variables influence the entrepreneurial propensity of women and whether those variables have a significant correlation with differences across genders. In addition to demographic and economic variables, we include a number of perceptual variables. Our results show that subjective perceptual variables have a crucial influence on the entrepreneurial propensity of women and account for much of the difference in entrepreneurial activity between the sexes. Specifically, we find that women tend to perceive themselves and the entrepreneurial environment in a less favorable light than men across all countries in our sample and regardless of entrepreneurial motivation. Our results suggest that perceptual variables may be significant universal factors influencing entrepreneurial behavior.
EFECTO DE UN ESTÍMULO AGUDO DE HIPOXIA SOBRE LA VELOCIDAD DE MOVIMIENTO EN UN EJERCICIO DE FUERZA DEL TREN SUPERIOR

En general, el entrenamiento de fuerza tiene un potente efecto para incrementar el tamano y la fuerza del musculo esqueletico (Kraeme, Fleck & Evans, 1995). El uso de un estimulo de hipoxia durante el entrenamiento comenzo a desarrollarse a traves de tecnicas de restriccion del flujo sanguineo (Takarada et al., 2000). Un estimulo similar lo podemos llevar a cabo mediante el uso de camaras de hipoxia y a traves de sistemas de entrenamiento intermitente (Lundby, Calbet, Robach, 2009). La adiccion de este estimulo hipoxico al entrenamiento podria incrementar la hipertrofia muscular y la ganancia de fuerza. Objetivo: Analizar los efectos de un entrenamiento de fuerza del tren superior en condiciones de hipoxia sobre el numero de repeticiones y la velocidad del movimiento.
Influence of Warm versus Cool Temperatures on Consumer Choice: A Resource Depletion Account

Across five studies, the authors demonstrate that warm (vs. cool) temperatures deplete resources, increase System 1 processing, and influence performance on complex choice tasks. Real-world lottery data (pilot study) and a lab experiment (Study 1) demonstrate the effect of temperature on complex choices: People are less likely to make difficult gambles in warmer temperatures. Study 2 implicates resource depletion as the underlying process; warm temperatures lower cognitive performance for nondepleted people but do not affect the performance of depleted people. Study 3 illustrates the moderating role of task complexity to show that warm temperatures are depleting and decrease willingness to make a difficult product choice. Study 4 juxtaposes the effects of depletion and temperature to reveal that warm temperatures hamper performance on complex tasks because of the participants’ increased reliance on System 1 (heuristic) processing.
An Internet-Delivered Mantram Repetition Program for Spiritual Well-Being and Mindfulness for Health Care Workers

Prior studies have shown that spiritual well-being is a protective factor in reducing psychological distress among health care workers (HCWs). An Internet-delivered Mantram Repetition Program (MRP) that teaches mantram (sacred word) repetition, slowing down, and 1-pointed attention was provided to HCWs to enhance spiritual well-being and mindfulness in order to reduce psychological distress that might interfere with quality patient care. A quasi-experimental, within-subjects, repeated measures design was utilized. Participants enrolled in six 50-min sessions of MRP delivered over 3 months and completed the Functional Assessment of Chronic Illness Therapy-Spiritual Well-Being scale (FACIT-Sp) and the Mindfulness Attention Awareness Scale (MAAS) at baseline, postintervention, and 3 months postintervention using Internet surveys. Results demonstrated significant improvements in self-reported spiritual well-being and mindfulness and over time. Nearly three fourths (72%) of HCW’s reported continued practice of all 3 program tools at follow-up. MRP may benefit HCWs seeking innovative, portable methods to improve mindfulness and well-being.
Circularity of the STFT and Spectral Kurtosis for Time-Frequency Segmentation in Gaussian Environment

This paper investigates the circularity of short time Fourier transform (STFT) coefficients noise only, and proposes a modified STFT such that all coefficients coming from white Gaussian noise are circular. In order to use the spectral kurtosis (SK) as a Gaussianity test to check if signal points are present in a set of STFT points, we consider the SK of complex circular random variables, and its link with the kurtosis of the real and imaginary parts. We show that the variance of the SK is smaller than the variance of the kurtosis estimated from both real and imaginary parts. The effect of the noncircularity of Gaussian variables upon the spectral kurtosis of STFT coefficients is studied, as well as the effect of signal presence. Finally, a time-frequency segmentation algorithm based on successive iterations of noise variance estimation and time-frequency coefficients detection is proposed. The iterations are stopped when the spectral kurtosis on nondetected points reaches zero. Examples of segmented time-frequency space are presented on a dolphin whistle and on a simulated signal in nonwhite and nonstationary Gaussian noise.
Towards Local Government Strategic Planning in Vietnam: Systemic Governance Interventions for Sustainability

Strategic planning has been widely applied internationally in both the public and private sectors. It has been criticized for using a top down approach and for not drawing on the insights and lived experiences of the people and for not supporting two – way communication. This article is based on an analysis of strategic planning in three local government case studies in Vietnam. The research is based on original empirical research for a PhD degree. It develops an argument for a more participatory approach based on two –way communication and a consideration of many domains of knowledge to be considered to support governance decisions. This approach is called systemic governance and participatory planning for decision making. This article is based on empirical research. It explores the extent to which strategic planning has been applied in Vietnam.
The Recent Past and Near Future of Risk and/or Need Assessment

The history of risk assessment in criminal justice has been written on several occasions (Andrews & Bonta, 2003; Clements, 1996; Hollin, 2002). Here we assess progress since Andrews, Bonta, and Hoge’s (1990; Andrews, Zinger, et al., 1990) statement of the human service principles of risk-needresponsivity (RNR) and professional discretion. In those articles, the corrections-based terms of risk and need were transformed into principles addressing the major clinical issues of who receives treatment (higher risk cases), what intermediate targets are set (reduce criminogenic needs), and what treatment strategies are employed (match strategies to the learning styles and motivation of cases: the principles of general and specific responsivity). General responsivity asserts the general power of behavioral, social learning, and cognitive-behavioral strategies. Specific responsivity suggests matching of service with personality, motivation, and ability and with demographics such as age, gender, and ethnicity. Nonadherence is possible for stated reasons under the principle of professional discretion. Expanded sets of principles now include consideration of case strengths, setting of multiple criminogenic needs as targets, community-based, staff relationship and structuring skills, and a management focus on integrity through the selection, training, and clinical supervision of staff and organizational supports (Andrews, 2001). The review is conducted in the context of the advent of the fourth generation of offender assessment. Bonta (1996) earlier described three generations of risk assessment. The first generation (1G) consisted mainly of unstructured professional judgments of the probability of offending behavior. A
Anticipative and multimodal human-machine-interface for an autonomous 3D-laser beam welding cells

This article describes possibilities to build human-machine-interfaces for modern and complex production systems. For this purpose an interface of a 3D laser beam welding cell is designed, based on a technological process description and considering the user requirements. This easy to use multimodal interface is extended by an adaptive support component that is based on action prediction algorithms. So the skilled worker who uses such a production cell can be supported and qualified during his work. Several results are presented that show that users can handle their tasks better with an adaptive support rather than a context based approach.
Distributed compressive video sensing: A review of the state-of-the-art architectures

Low complexity video coding that provides efficient compression with reasonable reconstruction quality has been a desired requirement for resource-constrained video sensors in distributed vision-based sensing applications. In this paper, we present a review of the state-of-the-art codec architectures based on distributed compressive video sensing (DCVS), which is a relatively new video coding paradigm that integrates the techniques of distributed video coding (DVC) and compressive sensing (CS). The review includes a comparative discussion of several well-known DCVS architectures in literature with a focus on their functional aspects, and suggests a number of possible enhancements to the design of these architectures.
Las Transferencias Monetarias Condicionadas Como Política Social en América Latina. Un Balance: Aportes, Límites y Debates*

Recientemente se han diseminado por AL los programas de transferencias monetarias condicionadas (CCT). Rapidamente se han resaltado sus potencialidades para superar la pobreza y acumular capital humano, y se ha promovido su difusion. Asi, se ha formado ya una teoria convencional sobre los programas CCT. Este texto plantea un balance de ellos y discute con esta teoria; concluye que los resultados son limitados: positivos en escolaridad y algunas aspectos de salud y alimentacion de hogares pobres, debiles en la disminucion (ligera) de la pobreza en el corto plazo e inciertos en los impactos en el aspecto educativo del capital humano y en la reduccion de la pobreza en el largo plazo. En una vision amplia e integral de la politica social, en contraposicion a un enfoque minimalista, el debate es como integrar los programas CCT con las instituciones de seguridad social para superar la tradicional segmentacion latinoamericana y para construir ciudadania.