Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Hexagonal parquet tilings: k-isohedral monotiles with arbitrarily large k

This paper addresses the question of whether a single tile with nearest neighbor matching rules can force a tiling in which the tiles fall into a large number of isohedral classes. A single tile is exhibited that can fill the Euclidean plane only with a tiling that contains k distinct isohedral sets of tiles, where k can be made arbitrarily large. It is shown that the construction cannot work for a simply connected 2D tile with matching rules for adjacent tiles enforced by shape alone. It is also shown that any of the following modifications allows the construction to work: (1) coloring the edges of the tiling and imposing rules on which colors can touch; (2) allowing the tile to be multiply connected; (3) requiring maximum density rather than space-filling; (4) allowing the tile to have a thickness in the third dimension.
Nearly Optimal Preconditioned Methods for Hermitian Eigenproblems under Limited Memory. Part I: Seeking One Eigenvalue

Large, sparse, Hermitian eigenvalue problems are still some of the most computationally challenging tasks. Despite the need for a robust, nearly optimal preconditioned iterative method that can operate under severe memory limitations, no such method has surfaced as a clear winner. In this research we approach the eigenproblem from the nonlinear perspective, which helps us develop two nearly optimal methods. The first extends the recent Jacobi-Davidson conjugate gradient (JDCG) method to JDQMR, improving robustness and efficiency. The second method, generalized-Davidson+1 (GD+1), utilizes the locally optimal conjugate gradient recurrence as a restarting technique to achieve almost optimal convergence. We describe both methods within a unifying framework and provide theoretical justification for their near optimality. A choice between the most efficient of the two can be made at runtime. Our extensive experiments confirm the robustness, the near optimality, and the efficiency of our multimethod over other state-of-the-art methods.
ψ NAM for Massive Neuronal Assembly Modeling : Part I , Processing Elements

The title ψNAM stands for Parallel SImulation (PSI) for Neuronal Assembly Model(NAM). An instruction driven NAM processor [1] architecture had been proposed to model a complex stochastic neuronal assembly, capable of modeling a wide class of neuronal models including the stochastic model proposed in [2]. However, modeling the neuronal assembly using this processor will be computationally inefficient as it does not include special functional units to model the signal processing characteristics of complex dendritic tree structure. This paper proposes two processor architectures: one based on mixed signal approach the Mixed signal NAM (MNAM) processor,and the other based on digital approach the Digital Dendritic NAM (DDNAM) processor. In reality, modeling the complex brain functions and its fault simulation demands enormous computational resources beyond the number crunching capability of either a single MNAM or a single DDNAM processor. The companion paper, Part-II proposes a novel array architecture to meet this end.
What turns speech into conversation? : A project description

The project Vad gor tal till samtal? (What turns speech into conversation? ) takes as its starting point that while conversation must be considered the primary kind of speech, we are still far better at modelling monologue than dialogue, in theory as well as for speech technology applications. There are also good reasons to assume that conversation contains a number of features that are not found in other kinds of speech, including, among other things, the active cooperation among interlocutors to control the interaction, and to establish common ground. Through this project, we hope to improve the situation by investigating features that are specific to human-human conversation – features that turns speech into conversation. We will focus on acoustic and prosodic aspects of such features.
2 Principles of Time Measurement

We present a Bluetooth indoor localization system, which is intended to have an accuracy of ±1 meter. The major advantage compared to all disclosed systems is the ability to locate any mobile Bluetooth device without additional hardware in the mobile and without any changes in its software. The basic idea of the system is the measurement of time differences of arrival of a signal sent by the mobile to stationary installed base stations. We show first measurement results achieved with a simplified demonstration setup showing meter position accuracy. The demonstration setup consists of a moving transmitter and two stationary time measurement stations including a receiver, a correlation IC and a microcontroller.
A distributed approach to lan monitoring using intelligent high performance monitors

A summary of the local area network (LAN) environment and its characteristics is provided. The architecture of a decentralized monitoring system and the specifics of an implementation are presented. These monitors are intelligent in that they do not require specification of what the monitor should examine; the monitor simply receives every packet and learns the required information to provide a meaningful presentation of the LAN statistics. The monitor's design guarantees that every LAN packet will be processed regardless of the LAN traffic rate. The author's experience with this system in monitoring Ethernets and 10-Mb/s 802.3 LANs is reviewed, and the complementary use of bridges to support LAN maintenance is introduced. The benefits of this approach are summarized. The techniques used by this monitoring system are applicable to all IEEE Standard 802 LANs.
High activity of Ag-doped Cd0.1Zn0.9S photocatalyst prepared by the hydrothermal method for hydrogen production under visible-light irradiation

Summary Background: The hydrothermal method was used as a new approach to prepare a series of Ag-doped Cd0.1Zn0. 9S photocatalysts. The effect of Ag doping on the properties and photocatalytic activity of Cd0.1Zn0. 9S was studied for the hydrogen production from water reduction under visible light irradiation. Results: Compared to the series prepared by the co-precipitation method, samples prepared by the hydrothermal method performed with a better photocatalytic activity. The sample with the optimum amount of Ag doping showed the highest hydrogen production rate of 3.91 mmol/h, which was 1.7 times higher than that of undoped Cd0.1Zn0. 9S. With the Ag doping, a red shift in the optical response was observed, leading to a larger portion of the visible light absorption than that of without doping. In addition to the larger absorption in the visible-light region, the increase in photocatalytic activity of samples with Ag doping may also come from the Ag species facilitating electron–hole separation. Conclusion: This study demonstrated that Ag doping is a promising way to enhance the activity of Cd0.1Zn0. 9S photocatalyst.
Inflammation as a therapeutic target in heart failure? A scientific statement from the Translational Research Committee of the Heart Failure Association of the European Society of Cardiology

The increasing prevalence of heart failure poses enormous challenges for health care systems worldwide. Despite effective medical interventions that target neurohumoral activation, mortality and morbidity remain substantial. Evidence for inflammatory activation as an important pathway in disease progression in chronic heart failure has emerged in the last two decades. However, clinical trials of ‘anti‐inflammatory’ therapies (such as anti‐tumor necrosis factor‐α approaches) have to date failed to show benefit in heart failure patients. The Heart Failure Association of the European Society of Cardiology recently organized an expert workshop to address the issue of inflammation in heart failure from a basic science, translational and clinical perspective, and to assess whether specific inflammatory pathways may yet serve as novel therapeutic targets for this condition. This consensus document represents the outcome of the workshop and defines key research questions that still need to be addressed as well as considering the requirements for future clinical trials in this area.
Alkaloids in Erythrina by UPLC-ESI-MS and In Vivo Hypotensive Potential of Extractive Preparations

Erythrina species are used in popular medicine as sedative, anxiolytic, anti-inflammatory, and antihypertensive. In this work, we investigated the chemical composition of extracts obtained from leaves of E. falcata and E. crista-galli. The hypotensive potential of E. falcata and the mechanism of action were also studied. The extracts were obtained by maceration and infusion. The total content of phenolic compounds and flavonoids was estimated by spectrophotometric methods. The chemical constituents were studied performing a chromatographic analysis by UPLC-ESI-MS. For in vivo protocols, blood pressure and heart rate were measured by the invasive hemodynamic monitoring method. Different concentrations of extracts and drugs such as L-NAME, losartan, hexamethonium, and propranolol were administrated i.v. The results of total phenolic contents for E. falcata and E. crista-galli were 1.3193–1.4989 mgGAE/mL for maceration and 0.8771–0.9506 mgGAE/mL for infusion. In total flavonoids, the content was 7.7829–8.1976 mg RE/g for maceration and 9.3471–10.4765 RE mg/g for infusion. The chemical composition was based on alkaloids, suggesting the presence of erythristemine, 11β-methoxyglucoerysodine, erysothiopine, 11β-hydroxyerysodine-glucose, and 11-hydroxyerysotinone-rhamnoside. A potent dose-dependent hypotensive effect was observed for E. falcata, which may be related to the route of β-adrenergic receptors.
Online reference shaping with end-point position feedback for large acceleration avoidance on manipulator control

A nonlinear reference shaping method for manipulators which are operated in living environments is proposed. It generates an intermediate reference position, and it is combined with a control based on the virtual spring-damper hypothesis proposed by Arimoto et al. The initial acceleration is moderated by an intermediate reference position inserted between the original target and the current position of the manipulator's endpoint and by a second-order-lag filter. The endpoint position is fed back to the proposed controller to prevent from excessive trailing force and large acceleration. As the result, human-like smooth reaching motions and pliant behaviors against external forces are achieved. The validity of the proposed method is shown through computer simulations on a planar 4-DOF manipulator.
How global extinctions impact regional biodiversity in mammals

Phylogenetic diversity (PD) represents the evolutionary history of a species assemblage and is a valuable measure of biodiversity because it captures not only species richness but potentially also genetic and functional diversity. Preserving PD could be critical for maintaining the functional integrity of the world's ecosystems, and species extinction will have a large impact on ecosystems in areas where the ecosystem cost per species extinction is high. Here, we show that impacts from global extinctions are linked to spatial location. Using a phylogeny of all mammals, we compare regional losses of PD against a model of random extinction. At regional scales, losses differ dramatically: several biodiversity hotspots in southern Asia and Amazonia will lose an unexpectedly large proportion of PD. Global analyses may therefore underestimate the impacts of extinction on ecosystem processes and function because they occur at finer spatial scales within the context of natural biogeography.
Extraction of Type-Logical Supertags from the Spoken Dutch Corpus

The Spoken Dutch Corpus assigns 1 million of its 9 million total words a syn- tactic annotation in the form of dependency graphs. We will look at strategies for automatically extracting a lexicon of type-logical supertags from these dependency graphs and investigate how different levels of lexical detail affect the size of the resulting lexicon as well as the performance with respect to supertag disambiguation.
The life cycle of Anguillicola crassus

For some years now the parasitic swim bladder nematode Anguillicola crassus of the European eel Anguilla anguilla 1. , has been reported from several European countries. The entire Hip. history of this parasite has recently been elucidated in our laboratory. Young larvae leave the swim bladder of the host via the pneumatic duct and reach the water through the digestive tract. They are ingested by small copepods (Cyclopoida), which act as intermediate hosts. Larvae remain in the hemocoel until the copepods are eaten by the final host, the European eel. Larvae penetrate through the intestinal wall and reach the swim bladder where they develop into adults. When infected copepods are eaten by other small fish, such as carp Cyprinus carpio 1. or ide Leuciscus idus 1. , larvae do not reach the adult stage. However, when larger eels feed on such facultative reservoir hosts, they too become infected.
ABCA1-Induced Cell Surface Binding Sites for ApoA-I

Objective—The purpose of this study was to understand the interactions of apoA-I with cells expressing ABCA1. Methods and Results—The binding of wild-type (WT) and mutant forms of human apoA-I to mouse J774 macrophages was examined. Analysis of total binding at 37°C of 125I-WT apoA-I to the cells and specifically to ABCA1, as determined by covalent cross-linking, revealed saturable high affinity binding in both cases. Determination of the level of cell-surface expression of ABCA1 showed that only about 10% of the apoA-I associated with the cell surface was bound directly to ABCA1. Furthermore, when 125I -apoA-I was cross-linked to ABCA1-upregulated cells and examined by SDS-PAGE, the major (≈90%) band migrated as monomeric apoA-I. In contrast to WT apoA-I, the C-terminal deletion mutants &Dgr;190 to 243 and &Dgr;223 to 243 that have reduced lipid affinity, exhibited marked reductions (50 and 70%, respectively) in their abilities to bind to the surface of ABCA1-upregulated cells. However, these C-terminal deletion mutants cross-linked to ABCA1 as effectively as WT apoA-I. Conclusions—This study demonstrates that ABCA1 activity creates 2 types of high affinity apoA-I binding sites at the cell surface. The low capacity site formed by direct apoA-I/ABCA1 interaction functions in a regulatory role, whereas the much higher capacity site generated by apoA-I/lipid interactions functions in the assembly of nascent HDL particles.
Apical Localization of the Coxsackie-Adenovirus Receptor by Glycosyl-Phosphatidylinositol Modification Is Sufficient for Adenovirus-Mediated Gene Transfer through the Apical Surface of Human Airway Epithelia

ABSTRACT In well-differentiated human airway epithelia, the coxsackie B and adenovirus type 2 and 5 receptor (CAR) resides primarily on the basolateral membrane. This location may explain the observation that gene transfer is inefficient when adenovirus vectors are applied to the apical surface. To further test this hypothesis and to investigate requirements and barriers to apical gene transfer to differentiated human airway epithelia, we expressed CAR in which the transmembrane and cytoplasmic tail were replaced by a glycosyl-phosphatidylinositol (GPI) anchor (GPI-CAR). As controls, we expressed wild-type CAR and CAR lacking the cytoplasmic domain (Tailless-CAR). All three constructs enhanced gene transfer with similar efficiencies in fibroblasts. In airway epithelia, GPI-CAR localized specifically to the apical membrane, where it bound adenovirus and enhanced gene transfer to levels obtained when vector was applied to the basolateral membrane. Moreover, GPI-CAR facilitated gene transfer of the cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator to cystic fibrosis airway epithelia, correcting the Cl− transport defect. In contrast, when we expressed wild-type CAR it localized to the basolateral membrane and failed to increase apical gene transfer. Only a small amount of Tailless-CAR resided in the apical membrane, and the effects on apical virus binding and gene transfer were minimal. These data indicate that binding of adenovirus to an apical membrane receptor is sufficient to mediate effective gene transfer to human airway epithelia and that the cytoplasmic domain of CAR is not required for this process. The results suggest that targeting apical receptors in differentiated airway epithelia may be sufficient for gene transfer in the genetic disease cystic fibrosis.
Remotely Sensed LANDSAT Image Classification Using Neural Network Approaches

In paper, LANDSAT multispectral image is classified using several unsupervised and supervised techniques. Pixel-by-pixel classification approaches proved to be infeasible as well as time consuming in case of multispectral images. To overcome this, instead of classifying each pixel, feature based classification approach is used. Three supervised techniques namely, k-NN, BPNN and PCNN are investigated for classification using textural, spatial and spectral images. Experiments shows supervised approaches perform better than unsupervised ones. Comparison between k-NN, BPNN, and PCNN is done using these features and classification accuracies for BPNN is found out to be more than k-NN and PCNN.
Growing Up With A Food Insecure Adult: The Cognitive Consequences of Recurrent Versus Transitory Food Insecurity Across the Early Elementary Years

To investigate how kindergarteners cognitively developed in a family with an adult who experienced recurrent versus transitory food insecurity, a sample of 1,040 kindergarteners (mean age = 5.6 years) from the Early Childhood Longitudinal Study, Kindergarten Class of 2010-2011 was analyzed using multilevel growth modeling. Results indicated that kindergarteners from homes with an adult who experienced recurrent food insecurity (twice within a 24-month period; n = 490) initially had slower growth in reading relative to their counterparts who were in homes with an adult who was food insecure only once over the same time period (n = 550). However, this initial disadvantage diminished over time. As a result, the recurrent group’s reading trajectory converged with that of their transitory peers by second grade. These findings highlight the value of adopting more temporal view of food insecurity and its developmental consequences.
Cortical and Thalamic Excitation Mediate the Multiphasic Responses of Striatal Cholinergic Interneurons to Motivationally Salient Stimuli

Cholinergic interneurons are key components of striatal microcircuits. In primates, tonically active neurons (putative cholinergic interneurons) exhibit multiphasic responses to motivationally salient stimuli that mirror those of midbrain dopamine neurons and together these two systems mediate reward-related learning in basal ganglia circuits. Here, we addressed the potential contribution of cortical and thalamic excitatory inputs to the characteristic multiphasic responses of cholinergic interneurons in vivo. We first recorded and labeled individual cholinergic interneurons in anesthetized rats. Electron microscopic analyses of these labeled neurons demonstrated that an individual interneuron could form synapses with cortical and, more commonly, thalamic afferents. Single-pulse electrical stimulation of ipsilateral frontal cortex led to robust short-latency (<20 ms) interneuron spiking, indicating monosynaptic connectivity, but firing probability progressively decreased during high-frequency pulse trains. In contrast, single-pulse thalamic stimulation led to weak short-latency spiking, but firing probability increased during pulse trains. After initial excitation from cortex or thalamus, interneurons displayed a “pause” in firing, followed by a “rebound” increase in firing rate. Across all stimulation protocols, the number of spikes in the initial excitation correlated positively with pause duration and negatively with rebound magnitude. The magnitude of the initial excitation, therefore, partly determined the profile of later components of multiphasic responses. Upon examining the responses of tonically active neurons in behaving primates, we found that these correlations held true for unit responses to a reward-predicting stimulus, but not to the reward alone, delivered outside of any task. We conclude that excitatory inputs determine, at least in part, the multiphasic responses of cholinergic interneurons under specific behavioral conditions.
Cell Cycle Regulation of Cyclin-Dependent Kinases in Tobacco Cultivar Bright Yellow-2 Cells 1

Institute of Biotechnology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 1QT, United Kingdom (D.A.S., M.M., J.M.S.H., Y.D., Y.S., M.S., J.A.H.M.); Graduate School of Biological Sciences, Nara Institute of Science and Technology, Takayama 8916–5, Ikoma, Nara 630–010, Japan (C.A., H.N., A.S., M.S.); and Department of Cell Biology, John Innes Institute, Colney Lane, Norwich, NR4 7UH, United Kingdom (J.H.D.)
Anchored Learning and Model Tampering for Machine Translation Evaluation

We conduct a set of experiments exploring issues of multiple kernels and kernel learning with respect to a previous work on automatic machine translation evaluation that used SVMs. By applying the techniques of model tampering and anchored learning to the learned SVM(s), we demonstrate both their practicality and utility, especially when used for error analysis and to better understand a given trained SVM. The results are a number of insights about how to improve the SVM for this task, generation of possibilities for future work, and evidence that these two techniques are useful for opening the black box of SVMs.
Robust Stability Criteria for Uncertain Genetic Regulatory Networks with Time-Varying Delays

This paper presents the robust stability criteria for uncertain genetic regulatory networks with time-varying delays. One key point of the criterion is that the decomposition of the matrix D̃ into D̃ = D̃1 + D̃2. This decomposition corresponds to a decomposition of the delayed terms into two groups: the stabilizing ones and the destabilizing ones. This technique enables one to take the stabilizing effect of part of the delayed terms into account. Meanwhile, by choosing an appropriate new Lyapunov functional, a new delay-dependent stability criteria is obtained and formulated in terms of linear matrix inequalities (LMIs). Finally, numerical examples are presented to illustrate the effectiveness of the theoretical results. Keywords—Genetic regulatory network; Time-varying delay; Uncertain system; Lyapunov-Krasovskii functional
Making Things Visible: Opportunities and Tensions in Visual Approaches for Design Research and Practice

Visual approaches for conducting research during the design process often give voice to people and ideas that might otherwise remain obscured. Recent and increasing interest in visual research techniques has coincided with technological advances such as camera phones and visually oriented mobile applications. As a result of this close association between digital technologies and image-based research techniques, there are multiple opportunities and challenges within human–computer interaction (HCI) design practice to employ these strategies to improve user experiences. This article provides an overview of current visual approaches to research highlighting the role technology has played in facilitating and inspiring these techniques. A series of case studies are presented that provide a basis for understanding a breadth of visual approaches in HCI design practices as well as serve as a point of entry to a critical and reflective discussion about the use of these approaches in different circumstances. Based on these reflections, three value statements are offered as a means to encourage the use of these visual approaches more broadly and critically in HCI design studies.