Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Software Reliability Theory

Software reliability modeling has, surprisingly to many, been around since the early 1970s with the pioneering works of Jelinski and Moranda, Shooman, and Coutinho. The theory behind software reliability is presented, and some of the major models that have appeared in the literature from both historical and applications perspectives are described. Emerging techniques for software reliability research field are also included. The following four key components in software reliability theory and modeling: historical background, theory, modeling, and emerging techniques are addressed. These items are discussed in a general way, rather than attempting to discuss a long list of details. Keywords: history; theory; random point process; exponential order statistics; modelingm markov software reliability models; comparisons; emerging techniques
Risco de suicídio em paciente alcoolista com depressão

Alcohol addiction is the uncontrolled use of alcohol despite its harmful consequences. Depression consists of a long and continuous period of depressed mood with specific symptoms. Treatment for depression comorbidity in alcohol-dependent patients is essential to prevent complications as the suicide risk. Among adolescents and adults with major depression disorder alcohol abuse enhances the risk of suicide. Among alcohol abusers, risk attempts are usually preceded by depression. This is a case report of a patient with alcohol dependence and severe depression with risk of suicide assisted as an outpatient in the drug abuse research and assistance program of Instituto de Psiquiatria of Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro. The treatment consisted in the use of antidepressants and cognitive-behavior psychotherapy. The treatment of depression was associated with the achievement of treatment retention, alcohol relapse prevention and suicide risk reduction. The early diagnosis of the comorbidity of depressive disorder in alcohol abusers accomplished by trained professionals is indispensable for adequate treatment and to reduce suicide risk.
Empowerment and Coworker Response to Leader Tactic and Organizational Hope

Socio-cognitive approaches to leadership study remain the frontrunner in research; this study presents a model, which shows the quality of coworker exchange and organizational hope significantly influence workplace empowerment. The mode clearly presents the power of reciprocal behavior from leader influence tactic and statistical significance of coworker exchange quality, which responds as an influence multiplier for organizational hope. The follower’s perception of a leader is shown to affect the characterization image held by the follower and the conclusions drawn of the leader and by the leader. The nature of leadership is analyzed to reveal an environment type that is conducive to workplace empowerment so that work is optimized and goals exceeded. Coworker social exchange is poised through the studied model as a cognitive constructed influence emerging through the follower’s implicit image. The nature of the memory-held image emerged unnoticed by the member from an information processing perspective based on past situational trait patterns. The reciprocal nature of the leader-follower relationship and coworker exchange is shown to mediate and moderate organizational relationships such that emancipation of control occurs through an empowered work force.
Global software development

The last several decades have witnessed a steady, irreversible trend toward the globalization of business, and of software-intensive high-technology businesses in particular. Economic forces are relentlessly turning national markets into global markets and spawning new forms of competition and cooperation that reach across national boundaries. This change is having a profound impact not only on marketing and distribution but also on the way produces are conceived, designed, constructed, tested, and delivered to customers. The author considers how software development is increasingly a multisite, multicultural, globally distributed undertaking.
Bacteria counts in sawdust bedding.

Bacteria counts in untreated sawdust bedding were compared with those in sawdust bedding after the addition of lime and after daily replacement of bedding in the back one-third of the stalls. Addition of 1 kg of lime to 10 kg of sawdust reduced Gram-negative bacteria, coliforms, Klebsiella spp. , and streptococci prior to use as bedding. Sawdust treated with lime also showed decreased bacteria counts compared with bacteria counts for sawdust that was replaced daily and compared with bacteria counts for control bedding after 1 d in the stall. The decrease in bacterial populations was related to an increase in bedding pH. Mean pH in the sawdust treated with lime was greater prior to use and after 1 d in the stall than the pH of other treatments. After 2 and 6 d in stalls, however, bacteria counts and pH were similar among treatments. Dry matter content of bedding did not differ among bedding treatments. Bacteria counts in bedding were positively correlated with teat skin swabs. Gram-negative bacteria and Klebsiella spp. counts on teat swabs were lower for cows housed on bedding treated with lime on d 2 compared with those for cows housed on control bedding and bedding that was replaced daily. Addition of lime to sawdust in the back one-third of tie stalls caused a decrease in exposure of teats to environmental mastitis pathogens in bedding for 1 d. Daily replacement of bedding had a minimal effect on bacteria counts in bedding and on teat skin.
The Role of Personality Testing in Managerial Selection

Despite widespread evidence of low predictive and construct validity, personality testing is increasingly being used for the selection of managers. Notes that selection practices based on personality testing are not embedded in an explicit theory of performance. Based on available research evidence it is argued that personality is likely to play a relatively minor role as a determinant of managerial performance. Presents results from a small survey of New Zealand recruitment consultants to show that personality testing is widespread in managerial selection, and that there is a tendency to overemphasize the importance of personality as a determinant of performance. This may be one reason for the ascendancy of personality testing in selection. Makes suggestions for improving the ways in which such tests should be used in selecting managers.
“Infect-me-not”: A user-centric and site-centric study of web-based malware

Malware authors have been using websites to distribute their products as a way to evade spam filters and classic anti-virus engines. Yet there has been relatively little work in modeling the behaviors and temporal properties of websites, as most research focuses on detecting whether a website distributes malware. In this paper we ask: How does web-based malware spread? We conduct an extensive study and follow a website-centric and user-centric point of view. We collect data from four online databases, including Symantec's WINE Project, for a total of more than 600K malicious URLs and over 500K users. First, we find that legitimate but compromised websites constitute 33.1% of the malicious websites in our dataset. In order to conduct this study, we develop a classifier to distinguish between compromised vs. malicious websites with an accuracy of 95.3%, which could be of interest to studies on website profiling. Second, we find that malicious URLs can be surprisingly long-lived, with 10% of malicious sites staying active for three months or more. Third, we observe that a significant number of URLs exhibit the same temporal pattern that suggests a flush-crowd behavior, inflicting most of their damage during the first few days of appearance. Finally, the distribution of the visits to malicious sites per user is skewed, with 1.4% of users visiting more than 10 malicious sites in 8 months. Our study is a first step towards modeling web-based malware propagation as a network-wide phenomenon and enabling researchers to develop realistic assumptions and models.
Who Can Judge the Accuracy of Eyewitness Statements? A Comparison of Professionals and Lay-Persons

Research suggests that people have difficulty estimating eyewitness accuracy. It is not known whether groups with professional experience of judging eyewitness memory are better at making such judgements than lay-persons. In the current study, police detectives, judges and lay-persons judged accuracy of responses to cued recall questions from ethnic in- and out-group witnesses who genuinely tried to remember a crime. Responses were presented in videotape or as transcripts. Detectives outperformed the other groups in discrimination accuracy, and participants performed better when statements were presented in transcribed than in videotaped format. Judges used a liberal response criterion overall, whereas detectives and lay-persons were more liberal when judging out-group than in-group witnesses. Findings indicate that there are observable cues to witnesses' accuracy, that specific professional groups have more knowledge of these cues than others, and that judgements of accuracy based on transcripts rather than live testimony would increase quality of legal decisions. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. Language: en
Historical Influences on the Changing Nature of Leadership Within the Military Environment

Contemporary reviews of leadership research have called attention to the importance of studying the organizational context in which leadership unfolds. Researchers have also noted the need for increasingly sophisticated studies of leadership processes within complex and challenging environments. These calls have particular relevance for those who study leadership within the military environment. This article summarizes historical changes that have influenced the context of leadership within the military environment. It discusses the implications of these historical events for the content of future research on military leadership.
Differences in Activities of Daily Living Process Skills of Persons with and without Alzheimer's Disease

The purpose of this study was to determine if persons with dementia of the Alzheimer type (DAT) differed from nondisabled older controls in the actual, experienced difficulty of specific process skills that affect performance of activities of daily living (ADL). A two-group comparison was performed and all participants were evaluated in either clinical or home environments to which they had been familiarized. Participants (341 persons with DAT and 287 controls) were selected from the standardization sample of the Assessment of Motor and Process Skills (AMPS) computer-scoring software. The demographic characteristics of the two groups were comparable. The AMPS was used to evaluate the effort, efficiency, safety, and independence of 20 ADL process skills that are compiled to enact performance of familiar ADL tasks. The raw data for each sample was subjected to many-faceted Rasch analysis to determine item difficulty calibrations of the ADL process skill items for each group. Actual item difficulty calibrations of 19 ADL process skills differed meaningfully between the two groups. The results indicated that it is possible to identify specific ADL process skills that are actually easier or more difficult for each group. In addition, the results supported earlier research that has demonstrated that the underlying cognitive and physical impairments demonstrated by persons with DAT do manifest as ADL disability, negatively impacting their ability to perform ADL tasks.
Septins: Traffic Control at the Cytokinesis Intersection

The physical division of one cell into two requires the highly orchestrated separation of genetic and cytoplasmic contents during M phase of the cell cycle. Mitosis, the physical segregation of the genetic material of a cell into two daughter cells, has traditionally received more attention than cytokinesis, the partitioning of the cytoplasmic contents, yet clearly the two processes must be intimately co‐ordinated and tightly regulated. While plant cells divide by the formation of a membranous cell barrier called the phragmoplast, animal cell division is largely driven by contraction of an actomyosin ring. However, recent evidence has suggested that membranes derived from one or more intracellular compartments are also required to break the cytoplasmic bridge connecting two dividing cells during late telophase. In this review, we focus on studies of animal cell cytokinesis that support a requirement for specific endomembrane fusion during fission, define molecular components of the membrane fusion apparatus that may be involved and point to possible roles for an emerging family of cytoskeletal proteins, the septins, in this process.
Quasi-periodic substructure in the microvessel endothelial glycocalyx: a possible explanation for molecular filtering?

The luminal surface of endothelial cells is lined with the glycocalyx, a network structure of glycoproteins probably 50 to 100 nm thick. It has been suggested that a relatively regular fibre-matrix structure may be responsible for the ultrafiltration properties of microvascular walls, both when the endothelium is continuous and when it is fenestrated. Positive structural evidence demonstrating an underlying periodicity in the glycocalyx has been hard to obtain. Here we present structural analysis of glycocalyx samples prepared in a variety of ways for electron microscopy. Using computed autocorrelation functions and Fourier transforms of representative areas of the electron micrograph images, we show that there is an underlying three-dimensional fibrous meshwork within the glycocalyx with characteristic spacings of about 20 nm. Together with a fibre diameter consistent with our observations of about 10-12 nm, the 20-nm spacing provides just the size regime to account satisfactorily for the observed molecular filtering; the observations are consistent with the fibre matrix model. We also show that the fibrous elements may occur in clusters with a common intercluster spacing of about 100 nm and speculate that this may reveal organisation of the glycocalyx by a quasi-regular submembranous cytoskeletal scaffold.
An Overview of Side Channel Attacks and Its Countermeasures using Elliptic Curve Cryptography

In order to provide security the electronic devices and their execution systems contain implementations of cryptographic algorithms. This paper explains basic level of side channel attacks and their countermeasure. These countermeasures show the way, how to trounce the side channel attacks and describe an efficient approach to overcome the side channel attacks. Based on this approach, the paper analyzes functions over many other countermeasures such as Simple Power Analysis, Differential Power Analysis; Data bit Differential Power Analysis and Zero Value Attacks.
Multiplex coherent anti-Stokes Raman scattering microspectroscopy of brain tissue with higher ranking data classification for biomedical imaging

Abstract. Multiplex coherent anti-Stokes Raman scattering (MCARS) microscopy was carried out to map a solid tumor in mouse brain tissue. The border between normal and tumor tissue was visualized using support vector machines (SVM) as a higher ranking type of data classification. Training data were collected separately in both tissue types, and the image contrast is based on class affiliation of the single spectra. Color coding in the image generated by SVM is then related to pathological information instead of single spectral intensities or spectral differences within the data set. The results show good agreement with the H&E stained reference and spontaneous Raman microscopy, proving the validity of the MCARS approach in combination with SVM.
Common sense: A form of teacher knowledge

This essay discusses an analytic construct - common sense knowledge - that might be helpful in empirical studies of teacher knowledge. I suggest that we consider whether teacher talk is common sense knowledge, in the sense that Geertz defines the term, and that if it is, that we take it seriously on its own terms and in context, rather than trying to 'fix' it.
Effect of phylogenetic diversity of velogenic Newcastle disease virus challenge on virus shedding post homologous and heterologous DNA vaccination in chickens

ABSTRACT Newcastle disease (ND) is a highly devastating disease for the poultry industry as it causes high economic losses. In this present study, a DNA vaccine containing the F and HN surface antigens of a highly virulent Newcastle disease virus (NDV), NDV/1/Chicken/2005 (FJ939313), was successfully generated. Cell transfection test indicated that the vaccine expressed the F and HN genes in Hep-2 cells. The main objective of this study was to compare the extent of protection induced by DNA vaccination after homologous and heterologous NDV-challenge as determined by the amount of NDV shedding after challenge. NDV-antibody-negative chickens were vaccinated either once, twice or thrice intramuscularly at 7, 14 and 21 days old and were challenged 14 days post vaccination with either homologous virus (vaccine-matched velogenic viscerotropic Newcastle disease virus (vvNDV) strain, FJ939313), phylogenetically related to group VII, or a phylogenetically divergent heterologous virus (unmatched vvNDV strain, AY968809), which belongs to genogroup VI and shows 84.1% nucleotide similarity to the NDV-sequences of the DNA vaccine. Our data indicate that birds, which received a single dose of the DNA vaccine were poorly protected, and only 30–40% of these birds survived after challenge with high virus shedding titre. Multiple administration of the DNA vaccine induced high protection rates of 70–90% with reduced virus shedding compared to the non-vaccinated and challenged birds. Generally, homologous challenge led to reduced tracheal and cloacal shedding compared to the heterologous vvNDV strain. This study provides a promising approach for the control of ND in chickens using DNA vaccines, which are phylogenetically closely related to the circulating field strains.
A Theoretical Framework for Knowledge Management in Indian Agricultural Organizations

An effective agricultural knowledge management system can trigger continuous innovations in overall development of agriculture. It can also help in improving the livelihood of the rural communities in countries like India. The paper makes an attempt to develop a theoretical framework for understanding the flow of knowledge and its management in Indian agricultural organizations. This framework was developed based on inductive approach and a thorough review of existing frameworks of knowledge management (KM) process. The proposed framework is required for Indian agricultural organization because the existing frameworks are developed in the non-Indian and non-agricultural context. The proposed framework can be used by these organizations in better understanding and integrating both tacit and explicit knowledge.
Moderating role of social support in the stressor-satisfaction relationship: evidence from police officers in Korea

The purpose of this study is to find out the relationship between job stress and job satisfaction, and analyze the effect of social support on this relationship. In particular, this study analyzes the effects of three types of job stress – role overload, role ambiguity and bad physical environment – and two sources of social support – supervisor and coworker support. Regression analysis was performed using data from a survey of 619 police officers in Korea. The findings from the analysis are as follows. First, role ambiguity and bad physical environment are negatively related to job satisfaction. Second, social support has a direct effect on job satisfaction but has no moderating effect. Third, coworker support is more effective in enhancing job satisfaction than supervisor support.
Big Data and Network Biology

With the data deluge caused by the recent high throughput experiments in molecular biology emerged the popular topics such as big data biology and network biology aiming at understanding life as a system by integrating and applying knowledge and facilities of different branches of science including mathematics, physics, statistics, chemistry, computer science, and information technology. Naturally, the spectrum of topics under big data and network biology is widespread and the present special issue is not an exhaustive representation of the subject. Nonetheless the articles selected for this special issue represent recent trends and versatile knowledge concerning the title topic, that we have the pleasure of sharing with the readers. Data-intensive sciences like contemporary biology consist of three basic activities: capture, curation, and analysis. Being in the bioinformatics domain, this special issue mainly focuses on analysis; that is, it contains articles about novel tools and methodologies for data analysis and mining and review articles describing databases, tools, and algorithms useful for curation and analysis of biological data.
A Comparative Study of On‐line Pretest Item—Calibration/Scaling Methods in Computerized Adaptive Testing

The purpose of this study was to compare and evaluate five on-line pretest item-calibration/scaling methods in computerized adaptive testing (CAT): marginal maximum likelihood estimate with one EM cycle (OEM), marginal maximum likelihood estimate with multiple EM cycles (MEM), Stocking's Method A, Stocking's Method B, and BILOG/Prior. The five methods were evaluated in terms of item-parameter recovery, using three different sample sizes (300, 1000 and 3000). The MEM method appeared to be the best choice among these, because it produced the smallest parameter-estimation errors for all sample size conditions. MEM and OEM are mathematically similar, although the OEM method produced larger errors. MEM also was preferable to OEM, unless the amount of time involved in iterative computation is a concern. Stocking's Method B also worked very well, but it required anchor items that either would increase test lengths or require larger sample sizes depending on test administration design. Until more appropriate ways of handling sparse data are devised, the BILOG/Prior method may not be a reasonable choice for small sample sizes. Stocking's Method A had the largest weighted total error, as well as a theoretical weakness (i.e., treating estimated ability as true ability); thus, there appeared to be little reason to use it.
A review on design approach for performance enhancement techniques of microstrip patch antenna

Modern communication devices supports higher bandwidth applications. So the antenna required for such applications should have wider bandwidth and should be smaller in size. Being easy to fabricate, low volume and inexpensive microstrip patch antenna is widely used for wireless communication applications. But disadvantages like low gain, narrow bandwidth, etc. limits the performance of microstrip patch antenna. This paper depicts various techniques to overcome limitations of microstrip patch antenna.
Cover time for random walks on arbitrary complex networks

We present an analytical method for computing the mean cover time of a discrete-time random walk process on arbitrary, complex networks. The cover time is defined as the time a random walker requires to visit every node in the network at least once. This quantity is particularly important for random search processes and target localization on network structures. Based on the global mean first-passage time of target nodes, we derive a method for computing the cumulative distribution function of the cover time based on first-passage time statistics. Our method is viable for networks on which random walks equilibrate quickly. We show that it can be applied successfully to various model and real-world networks. Our results reveal an intimate link between first-passage and cover time statistics and offer a computationally efficient way for estimating cover times in network-related applications.