Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Testing the magnetotail configuration based on observations of low‐altitude isotropic boundaries during quiet times

We investigate the configuration of the geomagnetic field on the nightside magnetosphere during a quiet time interval based on National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration Polar Orbiting Environment Satellites Medium Energy Proton and Electron Detector (NOAA/POES MEPED) measurements in combination with numerical simulations of the global terrestrial magnetosphere using the Space Weather Modeling Framework. Measurements from the NOAA/POES MEPED low‐altitude data sets provide the locations of isotropic boundaries; those are used to extract information regarding the field structure in the source regions in the magnetosphere. In order to evaluate adiabaticity and mapping accuracy, which is mainly controlled by the ratio between the radius of curvature and the particle's Larmor radius, we tested the threshold condition for strong pitch angle scattering based on the MHD magnetic field solution. The magnetic field configuration is represented by the model with high accuracy, as suggested by the high correlation coefficients and very low normalized root‐mean‐square errors between the observed and the modeled magnetic field. The scattering criterion, based on the values of k=Rcρ ratio at the crossings of magnetic field lines, associated with isotropic boundaries, with the minimum B surface, predicts a critical value of kCR∼33. This means that, in the absence of other scattering mechanisms, the strong pitch angle scattering takes place whenever the Larmor radius is ∼33 times smaller than the radius of curvature of the magnetic field, as predicted by the Space Weather Modeling Framework.
An oblate beaming cone for Io‐controlled Jovian decameter emission

We investigate the emission cone of the Io‐controlled Jovian decameter radiation from the layout of the sources in the central meridian longitude (CML)‐Io phase diagram where the occurrence of the radiation is plotted versus the central meridian longitude (CML) and the phase of the satellite Io. Four zones of enhanced probability are revealed in this diagram and named Io‐controlled sources Io‐A, Io‐B, Io‐C, and Io‐D. We propose an angular representation of the CML‐Io phase diagram in a coordinate system linked to the local magnetic field in the radio source and the gradient of the magnetic field. The angular distribution of the sources in such a diagram clearly shows that the radio emission is radiated in a hollow cone which is not axisymmetrical around the magnetic field gradient but flattened in the direction of the magnetic field vector. The use of elliptic coordinates allows us to compute the variable opening angle and the flattening of the cone in both Jovian hemispheres. Finally, it comes from our investigation that the flattening of the emission cone allows the theoretical existence of a Jovian active longitude sector much more easily than in the case of an axisymmetrical cone, and the zones of maximum theoretical amplification correspond to the areas of high occurrence probability observed in the CML‐Io phase diagram.
Multi-model LSSVM inverse control system based on nearest neighbor clustering algorithm

With in mind the inverse model identification problems in inverse system method and a single model usually suffers from bad accuracy and big computation in dealing with massive data.Therefore,a multi-model LSSVM(least square support vector machine) based on nearest neighbor clustering algorithm for nonlinear modeling was presented.Nearest neighbor clustering algorithm was used to make a partition for the data set.Then LSSVM was used to achieve regression for each cluster,realized the identification of the inverse dynamic system model.The model of controller which was the copy of identifier and the plant controlled were in series,which formed a dynamic pseudolinear system.Simulation results demonstrate that the proposed approach has a good approximate capability for inverse model,and also has better dynamic track performance,and robustness than the inverse control system based on single LSSVM.
Variational schemes and mixed finite elements for large strain isotropic elasticity in principal stretches: Closed‐form tangent eigensystems, convexity conditions, and stabilised elasticity

A new computational framework for large strain elasticity in principal stretches is presented. Distinct from existing literature, the proposed formulation makes direct use of principal stretches rather than their squares that is, eigenvalues of Cauchy‐Green strain tensor. The proposed framework has three key features. First, the eigen‐decomposition of the tangent elasticity and initial (geometric) stiffness operators is obtained in closed‐form from principal information alone. Crucially, these newly found eigenvalues describe the general convexity conditions of isotropic hyperelastic energies. In other words, convexity is postulated concisely through tangent eigenvalues supplementing the original work of Ball (Arch Ration Mech Anal. 1976; 63(4): 337–403). Consequently, this novel finding opens the door for designing efficient automated Newton‐style algorithms with stabilised tangents via closed‐form semipositive definite projection or spectral shifting that converge irrespective of mesh resolution, quality, loading scenario and without relying on path‐following techniques. A critical study of closed‐form tangent stabilisation in the context of isotropic hyperelasticity is therefore undertaken in this work. Second, in addition to high order displacement‐based formulation, mixed Hu‐Washizu variational principles are formulated in terms of principal stretches by introducing stretch work conjugate Lagrange multipliers that enforce principal stretch‐stress compatibility. This is similar to enhanced strain methods. However, the resulting mixed finite element scheme is cost‐efficient, specially compared to approximating the entire strain tensors since the formulation is in the scalar space of singular values. Third, the proposed framework facilitates simulating rigid and stiff systems and those that are nearly‐inextensible in principal directions, a constituent of elasticity that cannot be easily studied using standard formulations.
Winding Arrangement of High-frequency Amorphous Transformers for MW-class DC-DC Converters

Many offshore wind-power generators over MW-class are currently in operation in Europe and are now starting to be used in Japan. In order to develop large-scale offshore wind-power plants, we need to reduce the size and weight of power converters, including isolating transformers. A dc-dc converter with a high-frequency transformer is one of the best ways to reduce the size and weight. However, copper loss of the transformer due to proximity effect is a problem because the operating frequency is increased from the commercial frequency to several kHz. In this work, we investigate an interleaved winding arrangement for the high-frequency transformer. We compared the winding resistances of the interleaved and non-interleaved winding arrangements in an experiment using a test amorphous transformer and found that the interleaved winding arrangement inhibits the proximity effect and reduces the winding resistance. We designed an MW-class high-frequency amorphous transformer with the interleaved winding and demonstrated its very high efficiency.
An Automatic Hierarchical Clustering Method for the LiDAR Point Cloud Segmentation of Buildings via Shape Classification and Outliers Reassignment

Shape segmentation in urban environments forms the foundation for tasks such as classification and reconstruction. Most artificial buildings with complex structures are composed of multiple simple geometric primitives. Based on this assumption, this paper proposes a divisive hierarchical clustering algorithm that uses shape classification and outliers reassignment to segment LiDAR point clouds in order to effectively identify the various shapes of structures that make up buildings. The proposed method adopts a coarse-to-fine strategy. Firstly, based on the geometric properties of different primitives in a Gaussian sphere space, coarse extraction is performed using Gaussian mapping and the DBSCAN algorithm to identify the primary structure of various shapes. Then, the error functions are constructed after parameterizing the recognized shapes. Finally, a minimum energy loss function is built by combining the error functions and binary integer programming (BIP) to redistribute the outlier points. Thereby, the accurate extraction of geometric primitives is achieved. Experimental evaluations on real point cloud datasets show that the indicators of precision, accuracy, and F1 score of our method are 0.98, 0.95, and 0.96 (point assignment) and 0.97, 0.95, and 0.95 (shape recognition), respectively. Compared with other state-of-the-art methods, the proposed method can efficiently segment planar and non-planar structures with higher quality from building point clouds.
Nexus of Strategic Thinking, Knowledge-Oriented Leadership, and Employee Creativity in Higher Education Institutes

Purpose: The aim of this study is to examine strategic thinking and knowledge-oriented leadership influence employees' creativity in the setting of Jordanian private universities. Theoretical framework: The study employed Path Goal Theory to clarify the interaction of the variables used in Higher Education Institutes to address the issue. Design/methodology/approach: The research used a “partial least squares-structural equation modeling” approach to examine the gathered data. For analysis purpose, was developed and empirically verified with data (n = 143) obtained from a random sample of private universities in Jordan. Findings: The result found that Strategic thinking promotes and increases employee creativity. However, knowledge-oriented leadership moderates the causal association between strategic thinking and employee creativity. Research implications: The results are presented taking into account the relevant research as well as the practical implications for higher education administrators. Originality/value: The novel theoretical contribution that was made by this study is its emphasis on knowledge-oriented leadership as a moderator in the link between strategic thinking and employee creativity.
Development of a novel real-time AE source localisation technique using ANN for health monitoring of rail section: an experimental study

Almost all countries are using railways to transport passengers and freight. Due to heavy load and environmental exposure, these rail sections are prone to damage. Thus, structural health monitoring of the rail section is an essential topic of research to ensure safety and predict the remaining useful life of the track. Consequently, the detection and localisation of damages/cracks in rail section are crucial. It also helps in taking corrective action in time. In this context, the acoustic emission (AE) technique is found to be a powerful non-destructive testing technique which has great potential to localise cracks in rail sections. Actually, the initiation or growth of a damage/crack in a structure emits AE waves, which may be captured using AE sensors mounted on different locations of the structure. The damage itself acts as an AE source. Subsequently, in this study, a novel approach is developed to localise the AE source in a rail section using the artificial neural network (ANN). The ANN model is based on the experimental crack signals captured through a single AE sensor by placing it at different regions of the rail section. For each position of the sensor, cracks are simulated using pencil lead break at different locations along the length and depth of the rail section. It is observed that the developed ANN model predicts the location of the AE source with better accuracy in comparison to the existing localisation methods. The minimum error is found to be less than 1%. Therefore, it can be concluded that the developed ANN model is a suitable option for predicting potential crack locations during real-time monitoring of rail sections.
Establishing Integrative Framework for Sustainable Reef Conservation in Karimunjawa National Park, Indonesia

The Coral Triangle region is facing negative impacts due to unbalanced carrying capacity and inappropriate public behavior, leading to unsustainable reef tourism. As a result, there has been increased awareness and preference for sustainable reef conservation (SRC). This study evaluates the integrative perspective framework of tourists’ heterogeneity preferences in SRC programs using a choice experiment conducted in Karimunjawa National Park (KNP), Indonesia. The study found that tourists preferred boat anchoring at the mooring buoy, a lower number of boats, smaller tourist groups with interpretation, added information boards, and environmental awareness education. Additionally, this research revealed that most tourists preferred the alternative SRC program and had a heterogeneous preference, which showed different features among each group. The scenario of an integrative program generated the highest value compared to the “recreational management” and “institutional control” scenarios. This evidence can assist policymakers in adapting policies for SRC programs and in potentially securing conservation funds associated with enhancing the institutional aspects of carrying capacity and marine environmental education for sustainable marine development.
Pyruvate Kinase Deficiency Causing Priapism

Pyruvate kinase deficiency (PKD) is an autosomal recessive defect of the enzyme pyruvate kinase (PK) which is involved in catalyzing a reaction that produces ATP in the glycolytic pathway. It is the most common defect of the glycolytic pathway associated with congenital anemia. Patients usually present with signs of chronic hemolytic anemia such as hyperbilirubinemia, splenomegaly, reticulocytosis, and gallstones; the presentation can vary by age. Diagnosis is usually made by demonstration of decreased PK enzymatic activity in a spectrophotometric assay and on the detection of mutations in the PK-LR gene. Management strategies vary from full splenectomies to hematopoietic stem cell transplants with gene therapies with transfusions and administration of PK-activators coming in between. Thromboembolic complications do occur in patients with splenectomy, but there are not much data regarding this for patients with PKD. We present a case of a patient with PKD who demonstrated priapism to be a thromboembolic complication. This differs greatly as priapism has been frequently reported in patients with other chronic hemoglobinopathies such as sickle cell disease, thalassemia, and G6PD with and without splenectomy. While it is still unclear how splenectomies can result in thrombotic events in PKD, there does appear to be a correlation between splenectomies with resultant thrombocytosis with increased platelet adhesion.
Appointed-Time Control for Flexible Hypersonic Vehicles with Conditional Disturbance Negation

This article investigates the antidisturbance control design for flexible air-breathing hypersonic vehicles (FAHVs) with appointed-time prescribed tracking performances. The challenging issues include multisource disturbances, cross-coupling effects of the vehicle dynamics, and asymmetric amplitude and rate saturations. To address these issues, we propose an appointed-time prescribed performance control scheme for FAHVs via conditional disturbance negation technique. In contrast to existing disturbance rejection approaches, the proposed control scheme not only estimates the disturbances first in a fixed time but also evaluates the estimated disturbances and selectively conducts compensation actions according to the insight of the FAHV dynamic characteristics. To further enhance convergence rate, the composite appointed-time prescribed performance controllers are designed for FAHVs via time-varying barrier Lyapunov function and nonsmooth backstepping technique, which ensure satisfactory transient response and steady-state performances. In addition, the asymmetric amplitude and rate saturation problem of actuators are dealt with by introducing unified approximation dynamics. It is rigorously proved that the practical appointed-time convergence of the tracking errors and the fixed-time convergence of all signals in the resultant FAHV closed-loop system can be achieved under the proposed control scheme. Finally, extensive comparative simulations are provided to demonstrate the feasibility and superiority of the proposed approach.
Empirical Bayes Methods in Clinical Trials Meta‐Analysis

In this paper we discuss empirical Bayes methods for combining evidence from a series of clinical experiments comparing two treatments. The approach is based on a random effects model for the treatment effects. We describe two nonparametric empirical Bayes procedures for estimating the effect sizes in the individual trials. The empirical Bayes estimates should have smaller mean squared error than the observed effect sizes. Moreover, the empirical Bayes estimates exhibit less variability and are more comparable to each other than the original estimates.
The Presence of Periodontitis Exacerbates Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease via Sphingolipid Metabolism-Associated Insulin Resistance and Hepatic Inflammation in Mice with Metabolic Syndrome

Clinical studies have shown that periodontitis is associated with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). However, it remains unclear if periodontitis contributes to the progression of NAFLD. In this study, we generated a mouse model with high-fat diet (HFD)-induced metabolic syndrome (MetS) and NAFLD and oral P. gingivalis inoculation-induced periodontitis. Results showed that the presence of periodontitis increased insulin resistance and hepatic inflammation and exacerbated the progression of NAFLD. To determine the role of sphingolipid metabolism in the association between NAFLD and periodontitis, we also treated mice with imipramine, an inhibitor of acid sphingomyelinase (ASMase), and demonstrated that imipramine treatment significantly alleviated insulin resistance and hepatic inflammation, and improved NAFLD. Studies performed in vitro showed that lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and palmitic acid (PA), a major saturated fatty acid associated with MetS and NAFLD, synergistically increased the production of ceramide, a bioactive sphingolipid involved in NAFLD progression in macrophages but imipramine effectively reversed the ceramide production stimulated by LPS and PA. Taken together, this study showed for the first time that the presence of periodontitis contributed to the progression of NAFLD, likely due to alterations in sphingolipid metabolism that led to exacerbated insulin resistance and hepatic inflammation. This study also showed that targeting ASMase with imipramine improves NAFLD by reducing insulin resistance and hepatic inflammation.
Investment Castings of Magnesium Alloys: A Road Map and Challenges

In the manufacturing sector, the processing of magnesium alloys through the liquid casting route is one of the promising methods to manufacture automotive and aircraft components, for their excellent mechanical properties at the lower weight. Investment casting process has the great cabaility to produce near net shape complex castings for automotive and aircraft applications. The distinct and attractive engineering properties of magnesium alloys have shown to be promising in terms of its potential to replace materials such as cast iron, steel
A Novel High-Frequency Inverter With ZVT in a Wide Range of Duty Cycles and PFs

This article presents a wide-range zero-voltage-transition high-frequency single-phase inverter. The proposed inverter consists of a full-bridge inverter and two auxiliary switches that are magnetically coupled to the output filter inductor via an additional winding. The auxiliary circuit provides zero-voltage switching for the full-bridge converter switches, while the auxiliary switches are turned on and off with zero-current switching. A combination of unipolar and bipolar modulation is used as the modulation technique to ensure soft switching over a wide range of duty cycles and power factors. The proposed auxiliary circuit has a simple structure and does not require floating gate drives for the auxiliary switches. A 1.5 kW–400 kHz prototype has been developed to verify the theoretical analysis, demonstrating a significant increase in efficiency for both unity and nonunity power factors.
Iodine and Thyroid Maternal and Fetal Metabolism during Pregnancy

Thyroid hormones and iodine are required to increase basal metabolic rate and to regulate protein synthesis, long bone growth and neuronal maturation. They are also essential for protein, fat and carbohydrate metabolism regulation. Imbalances in thyroid and iodine metabolism can negatively affect these vital functions. Pregnant women are at risk of hypo or hyperthyroidism, in relation to or regardless of their medical history, with potential dramatic outcomes. Fetal development highly relies on thyroid and iodine metabolism and can be compromised if they malfunction. As the interface between the fetus and the mother, the placenta plays a crucial role in thyroid and iodine metabolism during pregnancy. This narrative review aims to provide an update on current knowledge of thyroid and iodine metabolism in normal and pathological pregnancies. After a brief description of general thyroid and iodine metabolism, their main modifications during normal pregnancies and the placental molecular actors are described. We then discuss the most frequent pathologies to illustrate the upmost importance of iodine and thyroid for both the mother and the fetus.
Calculation of Irradiance from Illuminance for Artificial Light Photovoltaics Applications

Many indoor sensors are powered by artificial-light-harvesting photovoltaic (PV) cells. The performance evaluation and application of PV devices require irradiance measurement to determine input power. Standard solar irradiance meters provide measurements calibrated to sunlight spectra and do not have the low-light-level capability needed for indoor applications. Light meters, specifically designed for human visible artificial light applications, measure illuminance. This article describes a low-cost method to calculate irradiance from illuminance measurement of artificial light sources. An application example is provided.
Design, Synthesis, Anticancer Activity and Molecular Docking of New 1,2,3-Triazole combined Glucosides with coumarin

The synthetic strategy for the preparation of the targeted glycosides involved two different pathways to obtain two types of hybrid compounds; the first represents new 1,2,3-triazole derivative in the 6carbon glucopyranose, and the other is a new glycoside of 4-hydroxy coumarin bases. The starting derivative 1 prepared by reaction of 6-azide glucopyranose and 2 ethylene azide-2,3,4,6-tetraacetateβ-Dglucopyranoside with propargyl 4-hydroxy coumarin under click conditions . The cytotoxicity potentials of glucosides derivatives were evaluated by MTT assay against liver cancer primary tissue culture , which appear that derivatives exhibited selective cytotoxicity against liver cancer cells isolated from Iraqi patients with inhibitory concentration (IC50) 106.81 μg/ml. Docking simulation studies were performed to check the binding patterns of the synthesized compounds. Enzyme inhibition assay studies were also conducted for the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR), and the results explained the activity of a number of derivatives.