Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Peer Review History

BMJ Open publishes all reviews undertaken for accepted manuscripts. Reviewers are asked to complete a checklist review form are provided with free text boxes to elaborate on their assessment. These free text comments are reproduced below. ARTICLE DETAILS TITLE (PROVISIONAL) The effect of an interdisciplinary rehabilitation intervention comparing HRQoL, symptom burden and physical function among primary glioma patients – an RTC study protocol GENERAL COMMENTS This paper has highlighted a significant gap in the literature around RCTs conducted for glioma patients and rehabilitation programs. The challenge is conducting this research with such a vulnerable population and the additional burden placed on them, especially for those who receive standard treatment. The ethically issue about conducting the RCTs for this group has not been adequately addressed and I believe that even the phase 1 program should have ethics approval. It concerns me that under ethical considerations this protocol states 'this study poses no serious ethical issues in general'. I am also concerned that the glioma patient will be approached on Day 1 post-operatively. I believe there needs to be clearer guidelines in place to assess if the patient is not longer able to participate due to disease progression or burden/impact of research on their well-being. Also there needs to be stipulated a clear referral system to counselling etc if required. Besides the intervention it is important to identify the committment of time for the assessment tools for both groups and importantly what possible follow-up and gain the control group may receive from this research. Due to the nature of this intervention I think an additional qualitative component is required to elaborate on the psycho-social aspect of this intervention. I believe the anticipated sample size anticipated for this group over estimates the acceptance rate and elligibility of this group.
THE ENUMERATION DEGREES: LOCAL AND GLOBAL STRUCTURAL INTERACTIONS THEODORE A. SLAMAN AND MARIYA I. SOSKOVA With congratulations to Professor W. Hugh Woodin on the occasion of his sixtieth birthday

We show that the structure of the enumeration degrees De has a finite automorphism base consisting of finitely many total elements below the first jump of its least element. As a consequence we obtain that the rigidity of the structure of the enumeration degrees is implied by the rigidity of the local structures of the Σ2 enumeration degrees, the ∆ 0 2 Turing degrees and the computably enumerable Turing degrees.
Protocol-level hidden server discovery

Tor hidden services are commonly used to provide a TCP based service to users without exposing the hidden server's IP address in order to achieve anonymity and anti-censorship. However, hidden services are currently abused in various ways. Illegal content such as child pornography has been discovered on various Tor hidden servers. In this paper, we propose a protocollevel hidden server discovery approach to locate the Tor hidden server that hosts the illegal website. We investigate the Tor hidden server protocol and develop a hidden server discovery system, which consists of a Tor client, a Tor rendezvous point, and several Tor entry onion routers. We manipulate Tor cells, the basic transmission unit over Tor, at the Tor rendezvous point to generate a protocol-level feature at the entry onion routers. Once our controlled entry onion routers detect such a feature, we can confirm the IP address of the hidden server. We conduct extensive analysis and experiments to demonstrate the feasibility and effectiveness of our approach.
Down-Regulation of miR-101 Contributes to Rheumatic Heart Disease Through Up-Regulating TLR2

Background RHD is an autoimmune disease that arises following infection by S. pyogenes and imposes a heavy burden on public health. Material/Methods We detected 11 selected miRNAs expressed in the cardiac tissues of 11 RHD patients and 11 controls. By employing dual-luciferase assay and Western blot, we identified the relationship between TLR2 and miR-101 and miR-101. We used ELISA to test the concentration of TNF-α, IL-1β, and IL-6. Results In cardiac tissue of RHD patients, miR-101 was significantly down-regulated (p=0.011). Ectopically expressed miR-101 repressed the luciferase activity by 27% through targeting TLR2 3′UTR. Combined with the results of Western blot, we confirmed that TLR2 is a direct target gene of miR-101. miR-101 knock-down is related to over-stimulated immune response in PGN-activated THP-1 cells. We detected a significantly higher concentration of TNF-α (p=0.0017), IL-1β (p=0.015), and IL-6 (p=0.014) in serum samples. TLR2 had a higher expression in patients in the protein level rather than the mRNA level, indicating that post-transcriptional regulation factors play a crucial role in regulating TLR2 expression. Conclusions The present study confirmed that miR-101 targets TLR2 3′UTR and represses TLR2 expression. This work also found an association between down-regulated miR-101 and rheumatic heart disease.
OVCA2 is downregulated and degraded during retinoid‐induced apoptosis

Retinoids, the natural and synthetic derivatives of vitamin A, have been shown to regulate the growth and differentiation of a wide variety of cell types and consequently have enormous potential as chemotherapeutic agents. We have previously identified 2 genes, termed OVCA1 and OVCA2, which are located in a small region showing a high frequency of allelic loss in breast and ovarian tumors and share a common exon. Recent studies have suggested that expression of OVCA1 may be influenced by retinoids. Therefore, we analyzed the expression of OVCA1 and OVCA2 in cells in response to treatment with all‐trans retinoic acid (RA) and N‐(4‐hydroxyphenyl)retinamide (4HPR), or under conditions of low serum and confluence, to determine further the roles of OVCA1 and OVCA2 in cell growth, apoptosis and differentiation. We show that OVCA2 mRNA and protein are ubiquitously expressed and that they are downregulated in the lung cancer cell line Calu‐6 after treatment with RA and 4HPR. In addition, we observed that OVCA2 protein is proteolytically degraded in response to RA and 4HPR treatment in a time‐ and dose‐dependent manner in the promyelocytic leukemia cell line HL60. In contrast, expression of the candidate tumor suppressor OVCA1 was not downregulated by these treatments. Furthermore, we demonstrate that OVCA2 is evolutionarily conserved and shows regional homology with dihydrofolate reductases (DHFRs), specifically with hydrolase folds found in α‐β hydrolases. Our results are in contrast to a previous report and show that OVCA2, not OVCA1 mRNA and protein, is downregulated in response to RA and 4HPR. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Discriminative feature fusion for image classification

Bag-of-words-based image classification approaches mostly rely on low level local shape features. However, it has been shown that combining multiple cues such as color, texture, or shape is a challenging and promising task which can improve the classification accuracy. Most of the state-of-the-art feature fusion methods usually aim to weight the cues without considering their statistical dependence in the application at hand. In this paper, we present a new logistic regression-based fusion method, called LRFF, which takes advantage of the different cues without being tied to any of them. We also design a new marginalized kernel by making use of the output of the regression model. We show that such kernels, surprisingly ignored so far by the computer vision community, are particularly well suited to achieve image classification tasks. We compare our approach with existing methods that combine color and shape on three datasets. The proposed learning-based feature fusion process clearly outperforms the state-of-the art fusion methods for image classification.
Expression of p53 and Glutathione S-Transferase-π Relates to Clinical Drug Resistance in Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer

To determine the predictive value of the expression of p53 and glutathione S-transferase-π (GST-π) with respect to chemotherapy response, immunostaining was performed on transbronchial biopsy specimens from previously untreated patients with non-small cell lung cancer. Of the 54 patients, 34 patients (63%) and 37 patients (69%) were positive for p53 and GST-π, respectively. The response rates in the p53-positive and p53-negative group were 15 and 45%, and those in GST-π-positive and GST-π-negative groups were 16 and 47%, respectively. A multiple logistic regression analysis revealed that positive immunostaining for GST-π was a significant risk factor for clinical chemotherapy resistance. The combination of these two markers was the most important independent factor in predicting a response to chemotherapy in multiple logistic regression analysis. Immunohistochemical expression of p53 and GST-π was independently related to clinical chemoresistance in patients with non-small cell lung cancer. Combined use of these two biomarkers may be a useful predictor of clinical chemoresistance.
Anti-angiogenic Therapy in Patients with Advanced Gastric and Gastroesophageal Junction Cancer: A Systematic Review

Despite advancements in therapy for advanced gastric and gastroesophageal junction cancers, their prognosis remains dismal. Tumor angiogenesis plays a key role in cancer growth and metastasis, and recent studies indicate that pharmacologic blockade of angiogenesis is a promising approach to therapy. In this systematic review, we summarize current literature on the clinical benefit of anti-angiogenic agents in advanced gastric cancer. We conducted a systematic search of PubMed and conference proceedings including the American Society of Clinical Oncology, the European Society for Medical Oncology, and the European Cancer Congress. Included studies aimed to prospectively evaluate the efficacy and safety of anti-angiogenic agents in advanced gastric or gastroesophageal junction cancer. Each trial investigated at least one of the following endpoints: overall survival, progression-free survival/time to progression, and/or objective response rate. Our search yielded 139 publications. Forty-two met the predefined inclusion criteria. Included studies reported outcomes with apatinib, axitinib, bevacizumab, orantinib, pazopanib, ramucirumab, regorafenib, sorafenib, sunitinib, telatinib, and vandetanib. Second-line therapy with ramucirumab and third-line therapy with apatinib are the only anti-angiogenic agents so far shown to significantly improve survival of patients with advanced gastric cancer. Overall, agents that specifically target the vascular endothelial growth factor ligand or receptor have better safety profile compared to multi-target tyrosine kinase inhibitors.
An Enhanced Visualization Tool for Teaching Monoalphabetic Substitution Cipher Frequency Analysis

Information Systems curricula require on-going and frequent review [2] [11]. Furthermore, such curricula must be flexible because of the fast-paced, dynamic nature of the workplace. Such flexibility can be maintained through modernizing course content or, inclusively, exchanging hardware or software for newer versions. Alternatively, flexibility can arise from incorporating new information into curricula from other disciplines. One field where the pace of change is extremely high is cybersecurity [3]. Students are left with outdated skills when curricula lag behind the pace of change in industry. For example, cryptography is a required learning objective in the DHS/NSA Center of Academic Excellence (CAE) knowledge criteria [1]. However, the overarching curriculum associated with basic ciphers has gone unchanged for decades. Indeed, a general problem in cybersecurity education is that students lack fundamental knowledge in areas such as ciphers [5]. In response, researchers have developed a variety of interactive classroom visualization tools [5] [8] [9]. Such tools visualize the standard approach to frequency analysis of simple substitution ciphers that includes review of most common, single letters in ciphertext. While fundamental ciphers such as the monoalphabetic substitution cipher have not been updated (these are historical ciphers), collective understanding of how humans interact with language has changed. Updated understanding in both English language pedagogy [10] [12] and automated cryptanalysis of substitution ciphers [4] potentially renders the interactive classroom visualization tools incomplete or outdated. Classroom visualization tools are powerful teaching aids, particularly for abstract concepts. Existing research has established that such tools promote an active learning environment that translates to not only effective learning conditions but also higher student retention rates [7]. However, visualization tools require extensive planning and design when used to actively engage students with detailed, specific knowledge units such as ciphers [7] [8]. Accordingly, we propose a heatmap-based frequency analysis visualization solution that (a) incorporates digraph and trigraph language processing norms; (b) and enhances the active learning pedagogy inherent in visualization tools. Preliminary results indicate that study participants take approximately 15% longer to learn the heatmap-based frequency analysis technique compared to traditional frequency analysis but demonstrate a 50% increase in efficacy when tasked with solving simple substitution ciphers. Further, a heatmap-based solution contributes positively to the field insofar as educators have an additional tool to use in the classroom. As well, the heatmap visualization tool may allow researchers to comparatively examine efficacy of visualization tools in the cryptanalysis of mono-alphabetic substitution ciphers.
Herpes Simplex (Hsv–1, 2) Seropositivity: A Study Carried Out Among Diabetic and Non-Diabetic Patients in A Community In Southwest Nigeria

Herpes simplex virus infections have been previously reported in diabetic patients. This study therefore investigated the prevalence of Herpes simplex virus (HSV–1, 2) in patients attending a diabetic clinic of a medical centre in a community in southwest Nigeria. Three hundred and twenty (320) patients aged between 35 – 50 years were screened for fasting blood sugar (FBS); urine sugar (US), urine ketone (UK) and antibodies to HSV–1, 2. Two hundred and seventy (270) (84.4%) of the patients had hyperglycaemia as well as glucosuria, with FBS ranging between 125 and 560 mg/dl, while the remaining 50 (15.6%) had normoglycaemia, with FBS ranging between 55 and 90 mg/dl. None of the normoglycaemic group was HSV–1, 2 seropositive. Among the 270 hyperglycaemic group, 55 (20.4%) had ketonuria and all (100%) were HSV–1, 2 seropositive. 215 (79.6%) of hyperglycaemic group had no ketonuria, and none of them was HSV–1, 2 seropositive. Results of this study showed a high prevalence of hyperglycaemia in the community. Seropositivity to HSV–1, 2 is significant in ketonuria hyperglycaemic patients. This can form a basis for investigating the role of HSV–1, 2 in uncontrolled diabetes since ketonuria is associated with uncontrolled diabetes.
Extended stable boundary of LCL-filtered grid-connected inverter based on an improved grid-voltage feedforward control

For the LCL-filtered grid-connected inverter, it has been reported that the digital time delays will narrow the stable region of current control loop when the inverter-side current is used for implementing the feedback control. A sufficient stable condition is that the filter resonance frequency should be designed under one-sixth of sampling frequency. However, the low resonance frequency leads to a comparatively large filter inductance or/and capacitance. To extend the stable boundary to the region above fs/6, this paper proposes a novel voltage feedforward scheme for the LCL-filtered inverter. Theoretical analysis is then provided to validate its feasibility and stability. Compared to other widely used active damping strategies, no extra sensors are needed because the filter capacitor voltage, which is used for voltage feedforward control, is also sampled for phase-locked loop in this paper. Simulations and experimental results are provided for verifying the theoretical analyses.
Association of Intrauterine Exposure to Maternal Diabetes and Obesity With Type 2 Diabetes in Youth

OBJECTIVE—Limited data exist on the association between in utero exposure to maternal diabetes and obesity and type 2 diabetes in diverse youth. These associations were explored in African-American, Hispanic, and non-Hispanic white youth participating in the SEARCH Case-Control Study. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS—A total of 79 youth with type 2 diabetes and 190 nondiabetic control youth aged 10–22 years attended a research visit. In utero exposures to maternal diabetes and obesity were recalled by biological mothers. RESULTS—Youth with type 2 diabetes were more likely to have been exposed to maternal diabetes or obesity in utero than were nondiabetic control youth (P < 0.0001 for each). After adjusting for offspring age, sex, and race/ethnicity, exposure to maternal diabetes (odds ratio [OR] 5.7 [95% CI 2.4–13.4]) and exposure to maternal obesity (2.8 [1.5–5.2]) were independently associated with type 2 diabetes. Adjustment for other perinatal and socioeconomic factors did not alter these associations. When offspring BMI was added, the OR for the association between in utero exposure to obesity and type 2 diabetes was attenuated toward the null (OR 1.1 [0.5–2.4]). Overall, 47.2% (95% CI 30.9–63.5) of type 2 diabetes in youth could be attributed to intrauterine exposure to maternal diabetes and obesity. CONCLUSIONS—Intrauterine exposures to maternal diabetes and obesity are strongly associated with type 2 diabetes in youth. Prevention efforts may need to target, in addition to childhood obesity, the increasing number of pregnancies complicated by obesity and diabetes.
Genital Warts in North-West of Iran

Human papilloma virus (HPV) infection is one of the most common sexually transmitted infections in the world. In genitalia, it causes a broad spectrum of lesions, from wart to intraepithelial neoplasia and carcinoma. The objective of this descriptive study was the distribution of the infection in our region based on gender, age, marital status and high risk sexual behaviors. Eighty one patients with genital warts (male 71, female 10) were recruited to the study. The age range was 7-62 years old. Most of them were 25-35 years old. About %37 married and %63 single patients were observed to have high risk sexual behaviors. Based on sex about 41 men (%57.7) and 5 females (%50) had multiple partners. Genital warts are a health problem in our region for both single and married patients. Therefore, educational programs in school and family should be performed by healthcare workers. Also vaccination program (like those carried out in western countries) is strongly recommended in order to optimize these measures.
FPGA design for dual-spectrum visual scene preparation in retinal prosthesis

A method of Visual Scene Preparation for the patients suffering Retinitis Pigmentosa is implemented in hardware for the first time. The scene is captured with two cameras, one visible spectrum and one infra-red, in order to distinguish between the live and non-live objects. The live objects are subsequently emphasized in the output image, thus helping a patient to see the most significant detail with the healthy part of the retina. The implementation uses Verilog language and FPGA platform. A system prototype is analyzed and compared to MATLAB results.
Fast Training of Triplet-Based Deep Binary Embedding Networks

In this paper, we aim to learn a mapping (or embedding) from images to a compact binary space in which Hamming distances correspond to a ranking measure for the image retrieval task. We make use of a triplet loss because this has been shown to be most effective for ranking problems. However, training in previous works can be prohibitively expensive due to the fact that optimization is directly performed on the triplet space, where the number of possible triplets for training is cubic in the number of training examples. To address this issue, we propose to formulate high-order binary codes learning as a multi-label classification problem by explicitly separating learning into two interleaved stages. To solve the first stage, we design a large-scale high-order binary codes inference algorithm to reduce the high-order objective to a standard binary quadratic problem such that graph cuts can be used to efficiently infer the binary codes which serve as the labels of each training datum. In the second stage we propose to map the original image to compact binary codes via carefully designed deep convolutional neural networks (CNNs) and the hashing function fitting can be solved by training binary CNN classifiers. An incremental/interleaved optimization strategy is proffered to ensure that these two steps are interactive with each other during training for better accuracy. We conduct experiments on several benchmark datasets, which demonstrate both improved training time (by as much as two orders of magnitude) as well as producing state-of-the-art hashing for various retrieval tasks.
The End of Destitution

The paper presents a statistical generalisation, to working families in the whole of Britain, of Rowntree's finding that absolute poverty declined dramatically in York between 1899 and 1936. We use poverty lines devised by contemporary social investigators and two relatively newly-discovered data sets. We estimate an almost complete elimination of absolute poverty among working households for the whole of the Britain between 1904 and 1937. We offer a number of pieces of corroborative evidence that give support to our findings. We decompose the poverty reduction into the effects of two proximate causes, of roughly equal importance, the decline in family size and the rise of real wages. We conclude with some speculation about the deeper causes of the decline.
Poorly conserved ORFs in the genome of the archaea Halobacterium sp. NRC-1 correspond to expressed proteins

MOTIVATION A large fraction of open reading frames (ORFs) identified as 'hypothetical' proteins correspond to either 'conserved hypothetical' proteins, representing sequences homologous to ORFs of unknown function from other organisms, or to hypothetical proteins lacking any significant sequence similarity to other ORFs in the databases. Elucidating the functions and three-dimensional structures of such orphan ORFs, termed ORFans or poorly conserved ORFs (PCOs), is essential for understanding biodiversity. However, it has been claimed that many ORFans may not encode for expressed proteins. RESULTS A genome-wide experimental study of 'paralogous PCOs' in the halophilic archaea Halobacterium sp. NRC-1 was conducted. Paralogous PCOs are ORFs with at least one homolog in the same organism, but with no clear homologs in other organisms. The results reveal that mRNA is synthesized for a majority of the Halobacterium sp. NRC-1 paralogous PCO families, including those comprising relatively short proteins, strongly suggesting that these Halobacterium sp. NRC-1 paralogous PCOs correspond to true, expressed proteins. Hence, further computational and experimental studies aimed at characterizing PCOs in this and other organisms are merited. Such efforts could shed light on PCOs' functions and origins, thereby serving to elucidate the vast diversity observed in the genetic material.