Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Feeding Problems in Healthy Young Children: Prevalence, Related Factors and Feeding Practices

The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence, characteristics, and factors related to feeding problems among normal children, and the differences in feeding practices between those with and without feeding problems. Caregivers of 402 healthy children aged between one and four years of age were interviewed by pediatricians involved in the research. Data included the child’s medical history, food intake within a day, and feeding behaviors and practices. Parental socio-economic and demographic information, as well as information on parental education and occupation, and their concerns about feeding their children, was collected. Physical examination and anthropometric measurements were taken. The percentage of children identified as having feeding problems was 26.9%. The first child of a family had an increased risk of having feeding problems [P=0.032, odds ratio 1.68, 95% confidence interval (95%CI) 1.04-2.71]. Children with feeding problems were fed less frequently, were less likely to be fed at their own table or at the family table, and had mealtimes longer than 30 min when compared with children without feeding problems (P=0.015, 0.004 and 0.025, respectively). The results highlight that feeding problems in normally developing children are common. During consultations about feeding issues, pediatricians should focus on families with a first child. Topics such as frequency of meals per day, duration of mealtimes, and appropriate places for feeding should be discussed.
Sex Differences in the Prevalence, Symptoms, and Associated Features of Migraine, Probable Migraine and Other Severe Headache: Results of the American Migraine Prevalence and Prevention (AMPP) Study

The strikingly higher prevalence of migraine in females compared with males is one of the hallmarks of migraine. A large global body of evidence exists on the sex differences in the prevalence of migraine with female to male ratios ranging from 2 : 1 to 3 : 1 and peaking in midlife. Some data are available on sex differences in associated symptoms, headache‐related disability and impairment, and healthcare resource utilization in migraine. Few data are available on corresponding sex differences in probable migraine (PM) and other severe headache (ie, nonmigraine‐spectrum severe headache). Gaining a clear understanding of sex differences in a range of severe headache disorders may help differentiate the range of headache types. Herein, we compare sexes on prevalence and a range of clinical variables for migraine, PM, and other severe headache in a large sample from the US population.
HOUSEHOLD NUCLEATION, DEPENDENCY AND CHILD HEALTH OUTCOMES IN GHANA

Summary This study uses three key anthropometric measures of nutritional status among children (stunting, wasting and underweight) to explore the dual effects of household composition and dependency on nutritional outcomes of under-five children in Ghana. The objective is to examine changes in household living arrangements of under-five children to explore the interaction of dependency and nucleation on child health outcomes. The concept of nucleation refers to the changing structure and composition of household living arrangements, from highly extended with its associated socioeconomic system of production and reproduction, social behaviour and values, towards single-family households – especially the nuclear family, containing a husband and wife and their children alone. A negative relationship between levels of dependency, as measured by the number of children in the household, and child health outcomes is premised on the grounds that high dependency depletes resources, both tangible and intangible, to the disadvantage of young children. Data were drawn from the last four rounds of the Ghana Demographic and Health Surveys (GDHSs), from 1993 to 2008, for the first objective – to explore changes in household composition. For the second objective, the study used data from the 2008 GDHS. The results show that, over time, households in Ghana have been changing towards nucleation. The main finding is that in households with the same number of dependent children, in nucleated households children under age 5 have better health outcomes compared with children under age 5 in non-nucleated households. The results also indicate that the effect of dependency on child health outcomes is mediated by household nucleation and wealth status and that, as such, high levels of dependency do not necessarily translate into negative health outcomes for children under age 5, based on anthropometric measures.
The effectiveness of immunomodulating treatment on Miller Fisher syndrome: a retrospective analysis of 65 Chinese patients

Dear Editor, Owing to the rarity of Miller Fisher syndrome (MFS), the efficacy of different immunomodulating agents on its natural course is uncertain. In an analysis of 92 patients with MFS, Mori et al. demonstrated that intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIg) slightly hastened the amelioration of ophthalmoplegia and ataxia but had no effect on recovery outcomes (Mori et al., 2007). They also showed that plasmapheresis did not affect either the speed or the rate of recovery from these symptoms (Mori et al., 2002). However, these studies all came from the same geographic area (Japan) and the treatments were limited to IVIg and plasmapheresis. Because MFS has a good natural recovery, the efficacy of these treatments must be carefully judged. In this study, we conducted a retrospective analysis of 65 Chinese patients who were diagnosed with MFS. Sixty-eight patients with MFS were seen at the First and Second Xiangya Hospitals in Changsha, China from January 2003 to June 2012. All presented with ophthalmoplegia, ataxia, and areflexia, and had acute onset without major limb weakness or other signs indicative of central nervous system (CNS) involvement. Three of the 68 patients later developed profound limb weakness and were excluded from analysis. Institutional Review Board approval was obtained from the relevant institutions. Eight patients with MFS were treated with IVIg (0.4 g per kilogram per day for 5 days). Three underwent two sessions of plasmapheresis with a second filter (Bellco Micropes, HOXEN Co Ltd., Shanghai, China) (each of 50 ml per kilogram of body weight) within 7–14 days. Twenty-three patients received IV methylprednisolone (500 mg per day for 5 days and tapered over 6 weeks). Four
Small Groups

Small groups constitute a large portion of the immediate context of professional social work activities. Social workers spend much of their time in therapy or counseling groups, meetings with families, work and staff groups, committees, neighborhood groups, professional associations, civic and service groups, and task forces. These small groups are the basic building blocks of the larger social structures, organizations, and communities that make up the environment and are the targets of social intervention. It is essential that social workers have a clear conceptualization of the structure of these elemental social units and an understanding of their dynamics and operations. Throughout this century professionals in the medical, human and social services, education, and management and organizational disciplines have recognized the significance of small groups and what potential use they have for their practice. Spurred on by the Western Electric Studies, psychologists and social scientists have intensified their investigations of these units. Since the 1930s a vast literature has emerged about group dynamics. A number of basic texts familiar to most social science undergraduates summarize many of these findings. The list of periodicals reporting on small group research continues to grow.
Very Sparse Additive Spanners and Emulators

We obtain new upper bounds on the additive distortion for graph emulators and spanners on relatively few edges. We introduce a new subroutine called "strip creation," and we combine this subroutine with several other ideas to obtain the following results: Every graph has a spanner on O(n1+ε) edges with Õ(n{1/2 - ε/2) additive distortion, for arbitrary ε ∈ [0,1]. Every graph has an emulator on Õ(n1+ε) edges with Õ(n{1/3 -- 2ε/3) additive distortion whenever ε ∈ [0, 1/5]. Every graph has a spanner on Õ(n1 + ε) edges with Õ(n2/3 -- 5ε/3) additive distortion whenever ε ∈ [0, 1/4]. Our first spanner has the new best known asymptotic edge-error tradeoff for additive spanners whenever ε ∈ [0, 1/7]. Our second spanner has the new best tradeoff whenever ε ∈ [1/7, 3/17]. Our emulator has the new best asymptotic edge-error tradeoff whenever ε ∈ [0, 1/5].
The internal structure of a derived, revised, and amended measure of the Religious Orientation Scale: The 'Age-Universal' I-E Scale-12

The accurate measurement of an intrinsic and extrinsic orientation toward religiosity has been an ongoing rigorous psychometric investigation within the psychology of religion for over 30 years. With this debate, a number of suggestions have been made to improve the measurement of intrinsic/extrinsic religiosity. The aim in the present study was to com-bine some of the suggestions made, and examine whether or not a combination of these amendments still provides a psychometrically reliable measure of intrinsic and extrinsic dimensions to religiosity. Respondents were 3,090 adults and schoolchildren (1,408 males, 1,984 females) from the USA ( N = 513), England ( N = 1421), Northern Ireland ( N = 839), and the Republic of Ireland ( N = 468). All respondents completed a 15-item revised and amended version of the ‘Age-Universal’ I-E scale. Principal components analysis with oblimin rotation of the items suggested a 6-item intrinsic scale and 3-item measures of extrinsic-personal and extrinsic-social religiosity dimensions. The present findings suggest a 12-item measure of intrinsic and extrinsic dimensions to religiosity (‘Age-Universal’ I-E Scale -12) which can be used among a number of Western samples, among adults and school children, and among religious and non-religious individuals.
On the Complexity of Multi-Query Optimization in Stream Grids

Stream grids are wide-area grid computing environments that are fed by a set of stream data sources. Such grids are becoming more wide-spread due to the large scale deployment of sensor networks for a wide range of applications, from monitoring geophysical activities to supply chain management coupled with applications like network monitoring. Queries external to the system arrive on any node in the grid seeking data from one or more data streams. The kind of queries considered in this work are (1) lifetime queries and (2) long running queries where new query arrivals and query revocations are infrequent. From the system perspective, computing the optimal query plan for the set of queries incident on the grid would ensure minimal system-wide resource usage, thereby maximizing the number of concurrent queries that can be supported. The key challenge in such a system is multi-query optimization. In this work, we analyze the complexity of multi-query optimization for select, project and join queries in isolation and propose algorithms for computing optimal query plans if polynomial time algorithms exist.
Aromatization of androstenedione to estrone by human adipose tissue in vitro. Correlation with adipose tissue mass, age, and endometrial neoplasia.

To explore the relationship between extraglandular estrogen formation and the clinical parameters of age, weight, and endometrial neoplasia, an assay was developed to measure the rate of estrogen formation from androgen precursors in human adipose tissue. The substrate, [3H]androstenedione, was more efficient than [3H]testosterone for the aromatase system in this tissue. The highest rate of conversion of androgen to estrogen occurred in tissue slices rather than in minces or microsomal preparations. The addition of cofactor NADPH was not required for aromatization in slices or minces, probably as a consequence of endogenous production of NADPH by the tissue. [3H]Estrone was the sole estrogenic product identified in incubations when [3H]androstenedione was used as the substrate, whereas [3H]estradiol-17/β was the exclusive estrogen detected when using [3H]testosterone. The rate of [3H]estrone formation from [3H]androstenedione in tissue slices was linear with time of incubation up to 2 h and with tissue ma.
Cyclin E2 Overexpression Is Associated with Endocrine Resistance but not Insensitivity to CDK2 Inhibition in Human Breast Cancer Cells

Cyclin E2, but not cyclin E1, is included in several gene signatures that predict disease progression in either tamoxifen-resistant or metastatic breast cancer. We therefore examined the role of cyclin E2 in antiestrogen resistance in vitro and its potential for therapeutic targeting through cyclin-dependent kinase (CDK) inhibition. High expression of CCNE2, but not CCNE1, was characteristic of the luminal B and HER2 subtypes of breast cancer and was strongly predictive of shorter distant metastasis-free survival following endocrine therapy. After antiestrogen treatment of MCF-7 breast cancer cells, cyclin E2 mRNA and protein were downregulated and cyclin E2–CDK2 activity decreased. However, this regulation was lost in tamoxifen-resistant (MCF-7 TAMR) cells, which overexpressed cyclin E2. Expression of either cyclin E1 or E2 in T-47D breast cancer cells conferred acute antiestrogen resistance, suggesting that cyclin E overexpression contributes to the antiestrogen resistance of tamoxifen-resistant cells. Ectopic expression of cyclin E1 or E2 also reduced sensitivity to CDK4, but not CDK2, inhibition. Proliferation of tamoxifen-resistant cells was inhibited by RNAi-mediated knockdown of cyclin E1, cyclin E2, or CDK2. Furthermore, CDK2 inhibition of E-cyclin overexpressing cells and tamoxifen-resistant cells restored sensitivity to tamoxifen or CDK4 inhibition. Cyclin E2 overexpression is therefore a potential mechanism of resistance to both endocrine therapy and CDK4 inhibition. CDK2 inhibitors hold promise as a component of combination therapies in endocrine-resistant disease as they effectively inhibit cyclin E1 and E2 overexpressing cells and enhance the efficacy of other therapeutics. Mol Cancer Ther; 11(7); 1488–99. ©2012 AACR.
Problem Solving in Social Interactions on the Internet: Rumor As Social Cognition

Rumor discourse has been conceptualized as an attempt to reduce anxiety and uncertainty via a process of social sensemaking. Fourteen rumors transmitted on various Internet discussion groups were observed and content analyzed over the life of each rumor. With this (previously unavailable) more ecologically robust methodology, the intertwined threads of sensemaking and the gaining of interpretive control are clearly evident in the tapestry of rumor discourse. We propose a categorization of statements (the Rumor Interaction Analysis System) and find differences between dread rumors and wish rumors in anxiety-related content categories. Cluster analysis of these statements reveals a typology of voices (“communicative postures”) exhibiting sensemaking activities of the rumor discussion group, such as hypothesizing, skeptical critique, directing of activities to gain information, and presentation of evidence. These findings enrich our understanding of the long-implicated sensemaking function of rumor by clarifying the elements of communication that operate in rumor's social context.
Question classification based on an extended class sequential rule model

Question classification is a crucial preprocessing for question answering system; it can help to make sure the user’s intention. Most of previous researches focus on the feature driven methods that represent a question with a bag of features, which ignore the important information contained in the words order and distance. To take such information into account, this paper proposes to describe the questions via the ExCSR (Extended Class Sequential Rule) model. To mine ExCSR rules, a method based on PrefixSpan, called DS-SRM (Distance Sensitive Sequential Rule Miner), is presented as well. Due to the existence of redundancy in the mined rules, a rule selection algorithm MCRSelection (Most Cover Rule Selection) is also proposed to find the most interesting rules. Experiments results on UIUC question set 1 show that the proposed method can achieve the accuracy of 90.6%, which outperforms the previously reported results.
Relay selection for energy harvesting relay networks using a repeated game

This paper presents a game theoretic multi-relay selection scheme for energy harvesting cooperative networks with non-orthogonal relay channels. Specifically, relays are selected through repeated Stackelberg interactions in which the source updates its payment offer to sequentially induce the next utility maximizing relay to participate by meeting its cost of transmission. The relay cost is assumed to reflect the relay energy profile and channel conditions such that the average utility over several energy harvesting periods is maximized. With only statistical knowledge of channel gains and energy profiles, the source applies Bayesian inference to select its strategy and update its beliefs. The equilibrium of the proposed game, that is, the Perfect Bayesian Equilibrium is shown to exist and its convergence is shown to be controlled by the stage cost. The performance of the proposed technique is then evaluated and compared against other benchmark schemes.
Prayer and mental health: An introduction to this special issue of Mental Health, Religion & Culture

The purpose of this special issue of Mental Health, Religion and Culture was to provide a forum for examples of current research and theorizing examining the relationship between prayer and mental health. This collection, comprising one review article, one theoretical article, eight empirical articles, and six book reviews, is drawn from researchers in the Netherlands, UK, and USA. A variety of different measures of prayer and mental health were employed among various samples. In combination, these studies clearly attest to the importance of prayer to mental health. In combination, this work demonstrated the wide range of matters currently being investigated by researchers, as well as the variety of methodologies being employed within the social scientific study of religion and related disciplines focused on the relationship between prayer and mental health.
OLIGONUCLEOTIDE PRIMERS FOR THE DETECTION OF BIOLUMINESCENT DINOFLAGELLATES REVEAL NOVEL LUCIFERASE SEQUENCES AND INFORMATION ON THE MOLECULAR EVOLUTION OF THIS GENE 1

Bioluminescence is reported in members of 18 dinoflagellate genera. Species of dinoflagellates are known to have different bioluminescent signatures, making it difficult to assess the presence of particular species in the water column using optical tools, particularly when bioluminescent populations are in nonbloom conditions. A “universal” oligonucleotide primer set, along with species and genus‐specific primers specific to the luciferase gene were developed for the detection of bioluminescent dinoflagellates. These primers amplified luciferase sequences from bioluminescent dinoflagellate cultures and from environmental samples containing bioluminescent dinoflagellate populations. Novel luciferase sequences were obtained for strains of Alexandrium cf. catenella (Whedon et Kof.) Balech and Alexandrium fundyense Balech, and also from a strain of Gonyaulax spinifera (Clap. et Whitting) Diesing, which produces bioluminescence undetectable to the naked eye. The phylogeny of partial luciferase sequences revealed five significant clades of the dinoflagellate luciferase gene, suggesting divergence among some species and providing clues on their molecular evolution. We propose that the primers developed in this study will allow further detection of low‐light‐emitting bioluminescent dinoflagellate species and will have applications as robust indicators of dinoflagellate bioluminescence in natural water samples.
Performance Pressure and Comparison in Relational Category Learning

An important objective in higher-order cognition research is to understand how relational categories are acquired and applied. Much of the research on relational category learning has investigated the role of within-category comparison opportunities in category acquisition and transfer – guided by predictions from structure mapping theory that alignment leads to highlighting and abstraction of shared relational structure (Gentner, 1983). Recent research has yielded a within-category comparison advantage under the supervised observational learning mode (relative to twice as many singleitem trials), but not under the supervised classification mode (Patterson & Kurtz, 2015). In the present study we investigate the role that pressure to succeed at the training task – a critical difference between the two learning modes – plays in the apparent ineffectiveness of learning by comparison within the classification mode. In a 2x2 between-subjects design we crossed two levels of performance pressure (elevated and standard) with two presentation formats (single-item and within-category pairs). The main findings are: (1) a significant interaction showing a negative impact of increased performance pressure for single-item learners, but not for comparison learners; and (2) a theoretically predicted, but empirically elusive effect of comparison over single-item in the classification mode. We conclude that: (1) performance pressure exerts a deleterious effect on relational category learning (in accord with findings in the attribute category literature) that opportunities to compare may compensate for; and (2) pressure to perform does not appear to underlie lackluster comparison + classification performance (relative to observational learning). Further, we offer new evidence on the role that within-category comparison plays in relational category learning.
The Mentality of Crows: Convergent Evolution of Intelligence in Corvids and Apes

Discussions of the evolution of intelligence have focused on monkeys and apes because of their close evolutionary relationship to humans. Other large-brained social animals, such as corvids, also understand their physical and social worlds. Here we review recent studies of tool manufacture, mental time travel, and social cognition in corvids, and suggest that complex cognition depends on a “tool kit” consisting of causal reasoning, flexibility, imagination, and prospection. Because corvids and apes share these cognitive tools, we argue that complex cognitive abilities evolved multiple times in distantly related species with vastly different brain structures in order to solve similar socioecological problems.