Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Risk behavior and access to HIV/AIDS prevention services in a community sample of homeless persons entering permanent supportive housing

ABSTRACT Homeless persons suffer disproportionately high rates of HIV infection, and moving into permanent supportive housing (PSH) can provide a stable base from which to access needed prevention services. However, little is known about HIV risk or prevention behavior during this critical time of transition. The current study investigated STI and HIV risk and prevention behavior and recent use of prevention and treatment services (i.e., education, testing, medication) among homeless persons preparing to move into PSH. Data come from interviews with 421 homeless adults before they moved into PSH. Thirty-seven percent of the respondents were sexually active; of those, 75.7% reported unprotected sex. Nearly two-thirds (64%) reported past year HIV testing and 40% reported testing for another STI. Fewer than one-third (31%) of respondents reported receiving posttest counseling at their last HIV test. HIV seropositivity was self-reported by 10%. Among those persons who were HIV-positive, 57.1% reported less than 100% antiretroviral (ARV) adherence. Among HIV-negative respondents, less than 1% had been prescribed preexposure prophylaxis (PrEP). Less than half (46.4%) of the sample reported any HIV prevention education in the past year. This population of homeless adults about to move into PSH report high rates of HIV risk behavior, but low rates of HIV prevention education and very little PrEP utilization. Further, low rates of ARV adherence among HIV-positive respondents indicate significant risk for HIV transmission and acquisition. Entering PSH is a period of transition for homeless persons when integrated care is critically important to ensure positive health outcomes, but these data suggest that PrEP and other HIV prevention services are poorly accessed among this population. As such, multipronged services that integrate PrEP and other HIV prevention services are needed to prevent transmission and acquisition of HIV in this high-risk, vulnerable population and ensure the health and wellbeing of PSH residents.
Décrire l'interaction: une critique pragmatique de la théorie des jeux

L'economie a longtemps ete une discipline isolee mais l'introduction du cadre descriptif et explicatif de la theorie des jeux peut permettre un rapprochement avec d'autres disciplines traitant notamment des interactions. L'A. de cet article s'attache a definir la theorie des jeux, ses champs, ainsi que ses enjeux. En en tracant les limites heuristiques, il devoile le caractere encore ferme de la science economique. Il concede cependant a la theorie des jeux le merite de mettre a jour, par le biais de la notion d'interaction, le type specifique de contraintes qui regissent encore la discipline economique
Free movement and EU citizenship: a virtuous circle?

ABSTRACT The year 2013 was officially declared the European Year of Citizens (EYC) in the European Union (EU). Through this event, the European Commission (EC) reiterates a ‘virtuous circle’ – between citizenship, free movement and a sense of belonging – able to bring citizens closer to the EU. This contribution shows how this ‘virtuous circle’ tends to translate into a ‘tunnel vision’ that reduces citizenship to free movement. Through the analysis of EC discourses, of the literature on ‘movers’ and ‘stayers’, and of focus groups with young people from Brussels, we suggest to expand the understanding of free movement and its effects. Overall, this contribution proposes to re-evaluate the scope of the ‘virtuous circle’ by considering that the ‘stayers’ are also EU citizens, that free movement is not indisputably an attractive right, and that the movers do not unquestionably feel attached to the EU as a result of their mobility.
Can the Market Multiply and Divide? Non-Proportional Thinking in Financial Markets

Nominal stock prices are arbitrary. Therefore, when evaluating how a piece of news should affect the price of a stock, rational investors should think in percentage rather than dollar terms. However, dollar price changes are ubiquitously reported and discussed. This may both cause and reflect a tendency of investors to think about the impact of news in dollar terms, leading to more extreme return responses to news for lower-priced stocks. We find a number of results consistent with such non-proportional thinking. First, lower-priced stocks have higher total volatility, idiosyncratic volatility, and market betas, after controlling flexibly for size. To identify a causal effect of price, we show that volatility increases sharply following pre-announced stock splits and drops following reverse stock splits. The returns of lower-priced stocks also respond more strongly to firm-specific news events, all else equal. The economic magnitudes are large: a doubling in a stock's nominal price is associated with a 20-30% decline in its volatility, beta, and return response to firm-specific news. These patterns are not exclusive to small, illiquid stocks; they hold even among the largest stocks. Non-proportional thinking can explain a variety of asset pricing anomalies such as long-run and short-run reversals, as well as the negative relation between past returns and volatility (i.e., the leverage effect). Our analysis also shows that the well-documented negative relation between risk (volatility or beta) and size is actually driven by nominal prices rather than fundamentals.
Overexpression of phospholipase A2 Group IIA in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma and association with cyclooxygenase-2 expression.

BACKGROUND Esophageal cancer is one of the most frequently occurring malignancies and the seventh leading cause of cancer-related deaths in the world. The esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) is the most common histological type of esophageal cancer worldwide. MATERIALS AND METHODS Our goal in this study was to detect phospholipase A2 Group IIA (PLA2G2A) and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) immuno-expression in ESCC in a high- risk population in China. RESULTS Positive expression of PLA2G2A protein was observed in 57.2% (166/290) of the cases, while COX-2 was found in 257 of 290 samples (88.6%), both PLA2G2A and COX-2 being expressed in 153 cases (52.8%), with a significant agreement (Kappa=0.091, p=0.031). Overexpression of PLA2G2A was significantly correlated with the depth of invasion (p=0.001). Co-expression of PLA2G2A and COX-2 not only significantly correlated with the depth of invasion (p=0.004) but also with TNM stage (p=0.04). CONCLUSIONS Our results showed that in patients with ESCC, PLA2G2A overexpression and PLA2G2A co-expression with COX-2 is significantly correlated with advanced stage. The biological role and pathophysiologic regulation of PLA2G2A and COX-2 overexpression in ESCC deserve further investigation.
The Supportive Effect of Traceability Links in Architecture-Level Software Understanding: Two Controlled Experiments

The advocates of architecture traceability approaches regularly cite advantages like easier understanding of architectural designs and support for software quality control and maintenance. However, the lack of published empirical data on the usefulness of architecture traceability is one of the reasons that prevents the wide adoption of traceability approaches in industrial settings. This paper reports on two controlled experiments performed with different participants to investigate whether the use of architecture traceability can significantly support architecture-level understanding activities. The replications with different participants allowed us to investigate whether the participants' experience plays a significant role in the understanding of software architectures with or without traceability information. In particular, we designed twelve typical questions aimed at gaining an architecture-level understanding of a representative subject system and measured how a control group (provided with no traceability information) and an experiment group (provided with traceability information) answered these questions in terms of the solutions' correctness and the participants' experience. Our findings show that the correctness of the answers of the participants in the experiment group is significantly higher than in the control group, whereas no significant differences with regard to the experience of the participants are observed.
Minireview Regulation of Protein Phosphorylation during Sperm Capacitation

After leaving the testis, mammalian spermatozoa from many species are morphologically differentiated but have acquired neither progressive motility nor the ability to fertilize a metaphase II-arrested egg. During epididymal transit, sperm acquire the ability to move progressively; however, they are still fertilization incompetent. Fertilization capacity is gained after residence in the female tract for a finite period of time. The physiological changes that confer on the sperm the ability to fertilize are collectively called ‘‘capacitation. ’’ Capacitation was first described and defined independently by Chang [1, 2] and Austin [3, 4]. The definition of this poorly understood phenomenon has been modified and narrowed over the years. Although fertilization still represents the benchmark endpoint of a capacitated sperm, the ability of the sperm to undergo a regulated acrosome reaction (e.g., in response to the zona pellucida) can be taken as an earlier, upstream endpoint of this extratesticular maturational event. It must be stressed at this point that capacitation is also correlated with changes in sperm motility patterns, designated as sperm hyperactivation, in a number of species [5, 6]. There are examples of cases in which capacitation and hyperactivation can be dissociated experimentally [7], but one cannot yet argue that hyperactivation of motility represents an event completely independent of the capacitation process [6]. Therefore, when one attempts to understand the process of capacitation at the molecular level, it is necessary to consider events occurring both in the head (i.e., acrosome reaction) and in the tail (i.e., motility changes). The physiological site of capacitation in vivo is the oviduct or the uterus, depending on the species [5]. However, capacitation in vitro has been accomplished using cauda and/or ejaculated sperm incubated under a variety of conditions in defined media that mimic the electrolyte composition of the oviduct fluid. In most cases, these media contain energy substrates such as pyruvate, lactate, and glucose (depending on the species); a protein source that usually is serum albumin; NaHCO3; and Ca21. The action of these media components to promote capacitation at the molecular level is poorly understood and will be discussed in this review. This review is not intended to provide an ex-
A new approach to comparing anti-CD20 antibodies: importance of the lipid rafts in their lytic efficiency

The view that B lymphocytes are pathogenic in diverse pathological settings is supported by the efficacy of B-cell-ablative therapy in lymphoproliferative disorders, autoimmune diseases and graft rejection. Anti-B-cell antibodies (Abs) directed against CD20 have therefore been generated, and of these, rituximab was the first anti-CD20 monoclonal Ab (mAb) to be applied. Rituximab-mediated apoptosis, complement-dependent cytotoxicity and Ab-dependent cellular cytotoxicity differ from one disease to another, and, for the same disease, from one patient to another. This knowledge has prompted the development of new anti-CD20 mAbs in the hope of improving B-cell depletion. The inclusion of CD20/anti-CD20 complexes in large lipid rafts (LRs) enhances the results of some, but not all, anti-CD20 mAbs, and it may be possible to include smaller LRs. Lipid contents of membrane may be abnormal in malignant B-cells, and could explain resistance to treatment. The function of these mAbs and the importance of LRs warrant further investigation. A detailed understanding of them will increase results for B-cell depletion in lymphoproliferative diseases.
A Meta-Analysis

This meta-analysis of 28 studies examines the relationship between parental involvement and the academic achievement and school behavior of Latino pre-kindergarten-college-age children. Analyses determined the effect sizes for parental involvement overall and specific categories of involvement. Results indicate a significant relationship between parental involvement and academic achievement and overall outcomes, but not for school behavior. This relationship between involvement and academics existed both for younger (grades K-5) and older (secondary school and college freshman) students, as well as for certain specific components of parental involvement. Parental involvement, as a whole, was associated with better school outcomes by . 52 of a standard deviation unit. The significance of these results is discussed.
Worldwide energy needs for ICT: The rise of power-aware networking

As Information and Communication Technology (ICT) is becoming more and more wide-spread and pervasive in our daily life, it is important to get a realistic overview of the worldwide impact of ICT on the environment in general and on energy and electricity needs in particular. This paper reports on a detailed study to estimate this impact today and to predict how this will evolve in the future. From this survey, important conclusions for the future of ICT industry and the Internet will be drawn, and challenges and research directives will be deduced.
Intracoronary versus intravenous administration of abciximab during percutaneous coronary intervention for acute coronary syndrome : grading the evidence through a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials

The efficacy and safety of intracoronary (IC) abciximab administration were conflicting in patients undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) compared with intravenous (IV) therapy. The purpose of the present study was to evaluate the effect between IC and IV administration of abciximab based on a meta-analysis of previous all RCTs and grading of evidence. We assembled the relevant published RCTs studies that compared the efficacy of IC with IV administration of abciximab in ACS patients undergoing PCI. Furthermore, we appraised the evidence from a meta-analysis that evaluate the differences in clinical effect between IC and IV administration of abciximab in patients undergoing PCI and conducted to explicit grading of evidence. In short-term outcome, the finding of our meta-analysis was that IC administration of abciximab has not a significant improvement in TIMI grade 3 flow and TMPG compare with IV administration. IC administration was also not significantly reduced the risk of reinfarction, the rate of TVR, mortality and the incidence of bleeding more than in the IV therapy. There was no significant difference in long-term outcomes when comparing efficacy of IC with IV administration of abciximab. The GRADE evidence quality was high in short-term outcomes and very low in long-term. Compared to IV administration, IC administration of abciximab does not have favorable effects on shortand long-term outcomes based on the current evidence. High GRADE evidence quality will strengthen the confidence in any recommendations in short-term follow-up. However, High-quality RCTs with long-term follow-up are still required.
The Visible Korean Human Phantom : Realistic Test & Development Environments for Medical Augmented Reality

This paper reports on the preparation, creation and first applications of the Visible Korean Human Phantom VKHP that provides a realistic environment for the development and evaluation of medical augmented reality technology. We consider realistic development and evaluation environments as an essential premise for the progressive investigation of high quality visualization and intra operative navigation systems in medical AR. This helps us to avoid targeting wrong objectives in an early stage, to detect real problems of the final user and environment and to determine the potentials of AR technology. The true-scale VKHP was printed with the rapid prototyping technique ”laser sinter” from the Visible Korean Human CT data set. This allows us to augment the VKHP with real medical imaging data such as MRI and CT. Thanks to the VKHP, advanced AR visualization techniques have been developed to augment real CT data on the phantom. In addition, we used the phantom within the scope of a feasibility study investigating the integration of an AR system into the operating room.
Econometric Methods for Program Evaluation

Program evaluation methods are widely applied in economics to assess the effects of policy interventions and other treatments of interest. In this article, we describe the main methodological frameworks of the econometrics of program evaluation. In the process, we delineate some of the directions along which this literature is expanding, discuss recent developments, and highlight specific areas where new research may be particularly fruitful.
LiDAR Based Negative Obstacle Detection for Field Autonomous Land Vehicles

Negative obstacles for field autonomous land vehicles (ALVs) refer to ditches, pits, or terrain with a negative slope, which will bring risks to vehicles in travel. This paper presents a feature fusion based algorithm (FFA) for negative obstacle detection with LiDAR sensors. The main contributions of this paper are fourfold: (1) A novel three‐dimensional (3‐D) LiDAR setup is presented. With this setup, the blind area around the vehicle is greatly reduced, and the density of LiDAR data is greatly improved, which are critical for ALVs. (2) On the basis of the proposed setup, a mathematical model of the point distribution of a single scan line is deduced, which is used to generate ideal scan lines. (3) With the mathematical model, an adaptive matching filter based algorithm (AMFA) is presented to implement negative obstacle detection. Features of simulated obstacles in each scan line are employed to detect the real negative obstacles. They are supposed to match with features of the potential real obstacles. (4) Grounded on AMFA algorithm, a feature fusion based algorithm is proposed. FFA algorithm fuses all the features generated by different LiDARs or captured at different frames. Bayesian rule is adopted to estimate the weight of each feature. Experimental results show that the performance of the proposed algorithm is robust and stable. Compared with the state‐of‐the‐art techniques, the detection range is improved by 20%, and the computing time is reduced by an order of two magnitudes. The proposed algorithm had been successfully applied on two ALVs, which won the champion and the runner‐up in the “Overcome Danger 2014” ground unmanned vehicle challenge of China.
Opening the Maslov box for traveling waves in skew-gradient systems: counting eigenvales and proving (in)stability

We obtain geometric insight into the stability of traveling pulses for reaction-diffusion equations with skew-gradient structure. For such systems, a Maslov index of the traveling wave can be defined and related to the eigenvalue equation for the linearization $L$ about the wave. We prove two main results about this index. First, for general skew-gradient systems, it is shown that the Maslov index gives a lower bound on the number of real, unstable eigenvalues of $L$. Second, we show how the Maslov index gives an exact count of all unstable eigenvalues for fast traveling waves in a FitzHugh-Nagumo system. The latter proof involves the Evans function and reveals a new geometric way of understanding algebraic multiplicity of eigenvalues.
Scalable Orbital Angular Momentum Mode-Division-Multiplexed Transmission over 10-km Graded-Index Ring-Core Fiber

We demonstrate a scalable MDM scheme using modular 4×4 MIMO with only 15 taps, transmitting 8 high-order OAM modes each carrying 10 wavelengths over 10-km graded-index ringcore fiber, delivering 3.2-Tbit/s aggregated capacity and 6.4 bit/s/Hz spectral efficiency.
Deficiency of ATP13A2 Leads to Lysosomal Dysfunction, α-Synuclein Accumulation, and Neurotoxicity

The autophagy-lysosomal pathway plays an important role in the clearance of long-lived proteins and dysfunctional organelles. Lysosomal dysfunction has been implicated in several neurodegenerative disorders including Parkinson's disease and related synucleinopathies that are characterized by accumulations of α-synuclein in Lewy bodies. Recent identification of mutations in genes linked to lysosomal function and neurodegeneration has offered a unique opportunity to directly examine the role of lysosomes in disease pathogenesis. Mutations in lysosomal membrane protein ATP13A2 (PARK9) cause familial Kufor–Rakeb syndrome characterized by early-onset parkinsonism, pyramidal degeneration and dementia. While previous data suggested a role of ATP13A2 in α-synuclein misfolding and toxicity, the mechanistic link has not been established. Here we report that loss of ATP13A2 in human fibroblasts from patients with Kufor–Rakeb syndrome or in mouse primary neurons leads to impaired lysosomal degradation capacity. This lysosomal dysfunction results in accumulation of α-synuclein and toxicity in primary cortical neurons. Importantly, silencing of endogenous α-synuclein attenuated the toxicity in ATP13A2-depleted neurons, suggesting that loss of ATP13A2 mediates neurotoxicity at least in part via the accumulation of α-synuclein. Our findings implicate lysosomal dysfunction in the pathogenesis of Kufor–Rakeb syndrome and suggest that upregulation of lysosomal function and downregulation of α-synuclein represent important therapeutic strategies for this disorder.
Symposium on Concurrency, Real-Time, and Distribution in Eiffel-like Languages

SCOOP and Spec# are programming languages that aim to extend Design by Contract to concurrent and reactive systems. In this paper we discuss how appropriate theorem provers (using Hoare-like verification) can be used to statically check that the contracts are obeyed in concurrent executions, as well as discussing the syntactic and semantic differences between SCOOP and Spec#. We provide a formal model for SCOOP programs as a fair transition system and we use temporal logic for describing system properties beyond contractual correctness. We show that verified contracts provide only a certain measure of correctness, but may not be able to guarantee additional safety and liveness system properties without global reasoning. We show how Microsoft Research’s SpecExplorer tool can be used to test SCOOP programs for system properties beyond contracts.