Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Chloroquine Resistant Plasmodium vivax: In Vitro Characterisation and Association with Molecular Polymorphisms

Background Treatment failure of chloroquine for P. vivax infections has reached high levels in the eastern provinces of Indonesia, however, in vitro characterization of chloroquine resistance and its associated molecular profile have yet to be determined. Methods Using a modified schizont maturation assay we investigated the in vitro chloroquine susceptibility profile and molecular polymorphisms of P. vivax isolates collected from Papua, Indonesia, where high levels of clinical chloroquine treatment failure have been reported, and from Thailand, where chloroquine treatment is generally effective. Results The geometric mean chloroquine IC50 for P. vivax isolates from Papua (n = 145) was 312 nM [95%CI: 237–411 nM] compared to 46.8 nM [95%CI: 34.7–63.1 nM] from Thailand (n = 81); p<0.001. Correlating with the known clinical efficacy of the area, a cut off for chloroquine resistance was defined as 220nM, a level exceeded in 13.6% (11/81) of Thai isolates and 65% (94/145) of Papuan isolates; p<0.001. Several sequence polymorphisms in pvcrt-o and pvmdr1, and difference in pvmdr1 copy number were identified. A Y976F mutation in pvmdr1 was present in 96% (123/128) of Papuan isolates and 25% (17/69) of Thai isolates; p<0.001. Overall, the geometric mean chloroquine IC50 in isolates with the Y976F mutation was 283 nM [95%CI: 211–379], compared to 44.5 nM [95%CI: 31.3–63.4] in isolates with the wild type; p< 0.001. Pvmdr1 amplification occurred in 23% (15/66) of Thai isolates compared to none (0/104) of Indonesian isolates (p<0.001), but was not associated with increased chloroquine resistance after controlling for geographical location. Conclusions In vitro susceptibility testing of P. vivax discriminates between populations with differing levels of clinical efficacy of chloroquine. The pvmdr1 polymorphism at Y976F may provide a useful tool to highlight areas of emerging chloroquine resistance, although further studies defining its clinical correlates are needed.
Two Decades of Quantitative Research on Jamaican Children and Current Empirical Studies on Caribbean Adult Functioning

This three-study paper briefly documents the journey of a Caribbean researcher who conducted extensive quantitative research in the Caribbean region, especially on children and more recently on adults. Study 1 addresses the impact of traditional masculinity beliefs on alexithymia and psychological adjustment in adults. It shows that adherence to traditional male role beliefs could negatively impact psychological functioning across gender, but especially in men. Study 2 briefly describes the development of The Caribbean Symptom Checklist, designed to assess psychopathology in adults and documents efforts to begin estimating the psychometric properties of this measure. Study 3 explores the factor structure of the Caribbean Emotional and Behavioral Strengths measure (CEBS) across Barbados, Jamaica, and Trinidad. It reveals that the CEBS might have a similar factor structure across the three countries. Studies described in this paper could scaffold additional programmatic quantitative research efforts in the region.
Protein disulfide isomerase a multifunctional protein with multiple physiological roles

Protein disulfide isomerase (PDI), is a member of the thioredoxin superfamily of redox proteins. PDI has three catalytic activities including, thiol-disulfide oxireductase, disulfide isomerase and redox-dependent chaperone. Originally, PDI was identified in the lumen of the endoplasmic reticulum and subsequently detected at additional locations, such as cell surfaces and the cytosol. This review will provide an overview of the recent advances in relating the structural features of PDI to its multiple catalytic roles as well as its physiological and pathophysiological functions related to redox regulation and protein folding.
INSIGHTS INTO THE AUTISTIC DISORDER AND POTENTIAL THERAPEUTIC APPROACHES

O p e n A c c e s s Available at http://www.jphs. ir Short Review Insights into the autistic disorder and potential therapeutic approaches Mahsa Hassanipour, Kosar Raoufi nejad, Sepideh Arbabi Bidgoli 1. Young Researchers Club(YRC), Islamic Azad University, Pharmaceutical Sciences Branch(IAUPS), Tehran, Iran 2. Department of Toxicology and Pharmacology, Islamic Azad University, Pharmaceutical Sciences Branch(IAUPS),
Theory of supercoupling, squeezing wave energy, and field confinement in narrow channels and tight bends using ε near-zero metamaterials

In this work, we investigate the detailed theory of the supercoupling, anomalous tunneling effect, and field confinement originally identified by Silveirinha and Engheta [Phys. Rev. Lett. 97, 157403 (2006)], where we demonstrated the possibility of using materials with permittivity $\ensuremath{\epsilon}$ near zero to drastically improve the transmission of electromagnetic energy through a narrow irregular channel with very subwavelength transverse cross section. Here, we present additional physical insights, describe applications of the tunneling effect in relevant waveguide scenarios (e.g., the ``perfect'' or ``super'' waveguide coupling), and study the effect of metal losses in the metallic walls and the possibility of using near-zero $\ensuremath{\epsilon}$ materials to confine energy in a subwavelength cavity with gigantic field enhancement. In addition, we systematically study the propagation of electromagnetic waves through narrow channels filled with anisotropic near-zero $\ensuremath{\epsilon}$ materials. It is demonstrated that these materials may have interesting potentials, and that for some particular geometries, the reflectivity of the channel is independent of the specific dimensions or parameters of near-zero $\ensuremath{\epsilon}$ transition. We also describe several realistic metamaterial implementations of the studied problems, based on standard metallic waveguides, microstrip line configurations, and wire media.
Vitronectin or fibronectin is required for corneal fibroblast-seeded collagen gel contraction.

PURPOSE The wound healing process in the corneal stroma involves the activation of corneal keratocytes and the expression of associated phenotypes (fibroblasts and myofibroblasts). One of these phenotypes, the myofibroblasts, synthesizes alpha-smooth muscle actin in order to affect wound closure by contracting the surrounding matrix. Excessive contraction results in the formation of unresolvable scars that are undesirable in the corneal stroma. The authors tested the effect of vitronectin and fibronectin on the contraction process associated with corneal wound healing. METHODS Collagen gels were prepared and were exposed to different treatments of fetal calf serum (FCS). The FCS used was either depleted of fibronectin and vitronectin or contained a known concentration of fibronectin, vitronectin, or both at 50 microg/ml. Contraction was measured using image analysis and cross sections of contracted gels were examined for alpha-smooth muscle actin expression using laser confocal microscopy. RESULTS Fibroblasts seeded in collagen gels paralleled the morphologic characteristics and cell distribution of keratocytes in unwounded cornea. Matrix contraction was dependent on the presence of fibronectin and/or vitronectin where myofibroblasts were present. The cell-mediated contraction process was maximal at 0.5 x 10(5) fibroblasts/ml. CONCLUSIONS These studies showed that vitronectin or fibronectin is required for the myofibroblast-associated contraction to occur in this in vitro model of stromal wound healing. This model system shows a distinct potential for further studies relating to the corneal wound healing process.
Estradiol Increases the Sensitivity of Hippocampal CA1 Pyramidal Cells to NMDA Receptor-Mediated Synaptic Input: Correlation with Dendritic Spine Density

Previous studies have shown that estradiol induces new dendritic spines and synapses on hippocampal CA1 pyramidal cells. We have assessed the consequences of estradiol-induced dendritic spines on CA1 pyramidal cell intrinsic and synaptic electrophysiological properties. Hippocampal slices were prepared from ovariectomized rats treated with either estradiol or oil vehicle. CA1 pyramidal cells were recorded and injected with biocytin to visualize spines. The association of dendritic spine density and electrophysiological parameters for each cell was then tested using linear regression analysis. We found a negative relationship between spine density and input resistance; however, no other intrinsic property measured was significantly associated with dendritic spine density. Glutamate receptor autoradiography demonstrated an estradiol-induced increase in binding to NMDA, but not AMPA, receptors. We then used input/output (I/O) curves (EPSP slope vs stimulus intensity) to determine whether the sensitivity of CA1 pyramidal cells to synaptic input is correlated with dendritic spine density. Consistent with the lack of an estradiol effect on AMPA receptor binding, we observed no relationship between the slope of an I/O curve generated under standard recording conditions, in which the AMPA receptor dominates the EPSP, and spine density. However, recording the pharmacologically isolated NMDA receptor-mediated component of the EPSP revealed a significant correlation between I/O slope and spine density. These results indicate that, in parallel with estradiol-induced increases in spine/synapse density and NMDA receptor binding, estradiol treatment increases sensitivity of CA1 pyramidal cells to NMDA receptor-mediated synaptic input; further, sensitivity to NMDA receptor-mediated synaptic input is well correlated with dendritic spine density.
Concentrations of parabens in human breast tumours

Parabens are used as preservatives in many thousands of cosmetic, food and pharmaceutical products to which the human population is exposed. Although recent reports of the oestrogenic properties of parabens have challenged current concepts of their toxicity in these consumer products, the question remains as to whether any of the parabens can accumulate intact in the body from the long‐term, low‐dose levels to which humans are exposed. Initial studies reported here show that parabens can be extracted from human breast tissue and detected by thin‐layer chromatography. More detailed studies enabled identiﬁcation and measurement of mean concentrations of individual parabens in samples of 20 human breast tumours by high‐pressure liquid chromatography followed by tandem mass spectrometry. The mean concentration of parabens in these 20 human breast tumours was found to be 20.6 ± 4.2 ng g−1 tissue. Comparison of individual parabens showed that methylparaben was present at the highest level (with a mean value of 12.8 ± 2.2 ng g−1 tissue) and represents 62% of the total paraben recovered in the extractions. These studies demonstrate that parabens can be found intact in the human breast and this should open the way technically for more detailed information to be obtained on body burdens of parabens and in particular whether body burdens are different in cancer from those in normal tissues. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Let's forget the everyday/laboratory controversy

Abstract In contrast to its aims, Koriat & Goldsmith's article vividly demonstrates(1) the complementarity of ecological and traditional approaches and (2) the difficulty of characterising the growing diversity of memory research with a single set of distinctions. Moreover, the contrast between correspondence and storehouse metaphors is important enough to stand alone without reference to an everyday/laboratory controversy, which is neither acute nor necessary.
Ontology-based Reasoning about Lexical Resources

Reasoning about natural language most prominently requires combining semantically rich lexical resources with world knowledge, provided by ontologies. Therefore, we are building bindings from FrameNet – a lexical resource for English – to various ontologies depending on the application at hand. In this paper we show the first step toward such bindings: We translate FrameNet to the Web Ontology Language OWL DL. That way, FrameNet and its annotations become available to Description Logic reasoners and other OWL tools. In addition, FrameNet annotations can provide a high-quality lexicalization of the linked ontologies.
Mixed-initiative dialog management for speech-based interaction with graphical user interfaces

Controlling graphical user interfaces (GUI) by speech is slow, but proves useful for disabled persons with limitations in operating mouse and keyboard. We present conversation-and-control, a new approach for using speech as input modality for GUIs, which facilitates direct manipulation of widget functions by spoken commands. Our approach is based on a command language, which provides a unique command for each specific widget function. For managing the interaction we propose a mixed-initiative dialog model, which can be generated from widget properties. Using heuristics for inferring the meaning of a recognition result and having the ability to ask clarification questions, our approach avoids the rejection of recognition errors. We hypothesized that conversation-and-control allows for shorter task completion times than conventional command-and-control approaches, due to a reduction of the average number of required commands. The results of a user experiment, which we present and discuss, indicate a 16.8% reduction of task completion time achieved by our approach.
Global tuberculosis incidence and mortality during 1990-2000.

Forecasts of tuberculosis morbidity and mortality are presented for the decade 1990-99. An estimated 88 million new cases of tuberculosis, of which 8 million will be attributable to HIV infection, will occur in the world during the decade; 30 million people are predicted to die of tuberculosis in the same period, including 2.9 million attributable to HIV infection. The number of new tuberculosis cases occurring each year is predicted to increase from 7.5 million (143 cases per 100,000) in 1990 to 8.8 million (152 per 100,000) in 1995 and 10.2 million (163 per 100,000) in the year 2000. In 1990, 2.5 million persons were estimated to have died of tuberculosis; at the same level of availability of treatment, it is predicted that 3.0 million tuberculosis deaths will occur in 1995 and 3.5 million in 2000. Demographic factors, such as population growth and changes in the age structure of populations, will account for 79.5% of the predicted increases in new cases. Age-specific incidence rates in sub-Saharan Africa are increasing due to the HIV epidemic and will account for the remaining 20.5% of the forecast increase in new cases. In WHO's South-East Asian Region and in Central and South America the age-specific incidence rates are expected to fall during 1990-2000, but at a slower rate than in previous years because of the expected increase in HIV seroprevalence. (ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Multiscale Analyses of the Bone-implant Interface

Implants placed with high insertion torque (IT) typically exhibit primary stability, which enables early loading. Whether high IT has a negative impact on peri-implant bone health, however, remains to be determined. The purpose of this study was to ascertain how peri-implant bone responds to strains and stresses created when implants are placed with low and high IT. Titanium micro-implants were inserted into murine femurs with low and high IT using torque values that were scaled to approximate those used to place clinically sized implants. Torque created in peri-implant tissues a distribution and magnitude of strains, which were calculated through finite element modeling. Stiffness tests quantified primary and secondary implant stability. At multiple time points, molecular, cellular, and histomorphometric analyses were performed to quantitatively determine the effect of high and low strains on apoptosis, mineralization, resorption, and collagen matrix deposition in peri-implant bone. Preparation of an osteotomy results in a narrow zone of dead and dying osteocytes in peri-implant bone that is not significantly enlarged in response to implants placed with low IT. Placing implants with high IT more than doubles this zone of dead and dying osteocytes. As a result, peri-implant bone develops micro-fractures, bone resorption is increased, and bone formation is decreased. Using high IT to place an implant creates high interfacial stress and strain that are associated with damage to peri-implant bone and therefore should be avoided to best preserve the viability of this tissue.
Areca Nut Chewing Complicated with Non-Obstructive and Obstructive ST Elevation Myocardial Infarction.

UNLABELLED Areca nut chewing is one of the most prevalent substance abuse habits in the world, and it is associated with the risk of a variety of medical challenges including hypertension, arrhythmia, and coronary artery disease (CAD). However, ST elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) is an extremely rare complication of areca nut chewing. Herein we report two cases where patients suffered from STEMI after areca nut chewing. The first case involved a patient with non-obstructive CAD and non-sustained ventricular tachycardia during hospitalization. The second case revealed left circumflex artery total occlusion, and primary percutaneous coronary intervention was performed. Initially, the levels of arecoline and arecaidine plasma were checked in these two cases after admission. Although both cases revealed increased levels, the second case showed substantially higher values than the first case. In general, these two cases remind physicians that areca nut chewing may cause myocardial injury with different severity, although STEMI with true coronary obstruction remains an extremely rare but possible complication after areca nut chewing. KEY WORDS Areca nut chewing; Coronary obstruction; ST elevation myocardial infarction.
Hierarchical Concept Indexing of Full-text Documents in the UMLS ® Information Sources Map 1

: Full-text documents are a vital and rapidly growing part of online biomedical information. A single large document can contain as much information as a small database, but normally lacks the tight structure and consistent indexing of a database. Retrieval systems will often miss highly relevant parts of a document if the document as a whole appears irrelevant. Access to full-text information is further complicated by the need to search separately many disparate information resources. This research explores how these problems can be addressed by the combined use of two techniques: (1) natural language processing for automatic concept-based indexing of full text, and (2) methods for exploiting the structure and hierarchy of full-text documents. We describe methods for applying these techniques to a large collection of full-text documents drawn from the Health Services/Technology Assessment Text (HSTAT) database at the National Library of Medicine (NLM), and examine how this hierarchical concept indexing can assist both document- and source-level retrieval in the context of NLM’s Information Sources Map project.
LANGUAGE PROCESSING Progress Report No . 22 ( 1998 ) Indiana University The Lexical Neighborhood Test : Test-Retest Reliability and Inter-List Equivalency

This study examined the reliability and inter-list equivalency of two new recorded spoken word recognition measures, the Lexical Neighborhood Test (LNT) and the Multisyllabic Lexical Neighborhood Test (MLNT), and evaluated the effects of lexical difficulty on spoken word recognition by children with hearing loss. Participants were 16 children with prelingual, profound deafness who used a cochlear implant. Testretest reliability was high and no significant inter-list differences were observed for both measures. In addition, we found that lexically “easy” words (i.e., those that occur often and have few phonemically words with which they are similar) were recognized correctly more often than lexically “hard” words (i.e., those with opposite characteristics). The results demonstrate that the LNT and MLNT provide reliable information about spoken word recognition abilities of children with profound hearing loss who use cochlear implants. In addition, these new measures also provide more detailed information about the way in which these children organize and access spoken words from long-term lexical memory.
Folk Poetry and Working Class Identity in Ulster: An Analysis of James Orr’s ‘The Penitent.’

This paper explores changing patterns of collective identity amongst rural industrial producers in the North of Ireland through an extended analysis of a single poem, 'The Penitent,' (see Appendix) written by the weaver-poet James Orr in 1800. The poem was written at the culmination of a time of great social and political upheaval in Ireland, particularly in the north-east. The growth of rural domestic linen production in the eighteenth century had been accompanied by rapid population growth, land subdivision and (by the end of the century) the emergence in some districts of petty entrepreneurs who employed poorer weaving households to manufacture cloth by the piece.
Optimal Training-Based Scheme for MIMO Full-Duplex Wireless Links

In a multiple-input-multiple-output (MIMO) full-duplex (FD) wireless link, training-based schemes are the most effective with digital self-interference (SI) cancellation methods after antenna and analog SI cancellations, and they help receiver to know responses of both residual SI channel for digital cancellation and transmission channel for demodulation. In this situation, the open issue is that how much training is needed in MIMO FD wireless links-too little training will cause the imperfect digital SI cancellations and the transmission channels are also improperly learned, too much training and the links have no time left for the data transmission before the fading channel changes. We compute a capacity lower bound of a MIMO FD channel that is learned at the receiver by training without any feedbacks, and maximize the bound as a function of the received signal-to-noise ratio <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\rho $ </tex-math></inline-formula>, fading coherence time <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$T$ </tex-math></inline-formula>, and numbers of link antennas <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$M$ </tex-math></inline-formula>, <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$N$ </tex-math></inline-formula>. When training power is equal to data power, numerical results show that the optimal number of training symbols <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$T_{o}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> is <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$T_{o}\geq 2\mathrm {max}(M,N)$ </tex-math></inline-formula> if <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$T \gg \mathrm {max}(M,N)$ </tex-math></inline-formula> under appropriate <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\rho $ </tex-math></inline-formula>. Conversely, if <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$T\approx 2\max (M,N)$ </tex-math></inline-formula>, <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$T_{o}<\max (M,N)$ </tex-math></inline-formula>.