Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Leverage: State Enforcement Actions in the Wake of the Robo-Sign Scandal

In the fall of 2010, in one of the largest scandals to ever hit the American court system, information gathered from lawsuits across the country revealed that tens of thousands of foreclosure filings were likely fraudulent - if not outright criminal. These revelations sparked a nation-wide investigation by all 50 state attorneys general to assess not only the extent of the scandal and its potential impacts but also potential legal and policy responses to such behavior. One of the tools at the state attorneys general’s disposal that might rein in this behavior includes each state's Unfair and Deceptive Acts and Practices (UDAP) laws. Such laws typically prohibit "unfair" and "deceptive" practices and often give consumers, as well as state attorneys general, the ability to bring affirmative litigation to rein in practices that violate their terms. UDAP laws serve a critical consumer protection function by filling in gaps in the law where other, more targeted statutes might not cover practices that have a harmful impact on consumers. Since their inception, UDAP laws have been used to rein in abusive practices in such areas as used car sales, telemarketing and even the sale of tobacco products. This paper explores the availability of UDAP laws and the remedies they provide to rein in the range of practices revealed in the so-called "robo-sign scandal. " It concludes that such practices - the false affidavits, reckless claims and improper notarizations - all violate the essence of most state UDAP laws; accordingly, the remedies available under such laws may be wielded by state attorneys general to halt abusive foreclosure practices throughout the nation. Such remedies include civil penalties, actual and punitive damages, attorney's fees and injunctions. What's more, UDAP actions in light of robo-sign abuses could help chart a path towards a more robust mortgage modification regime, one that would result in principal reduction, which is the clearest path out of the current crisis.
Bamboo-based solar powered garden light as eco-friendly and sustainable outdoor lighting solutions

Research and innovations in the fields of renewable energy and sustainable design have been sparked by the need for sustainable and environmentally friendly energy solutions. This research paper describes the design, fabrication, and performance assessment of a bamboo-based solar garden light that operates a 1W led load from dusk to dawn while being charged by a 3W solar panel. Incorporating solar energy and bamboo as a structural and aesthetically pleasing material demonstrates how traditional craftsmanship and cutting-edge technology can coexist harmoniously to produce an environmentally friendly outdoor lighting solution. The solar garden lights are made from treated bamboos, which make them resistant to insects and varying weather condition. A month-long performance evaluation study for the fabricated solar garden light is carried out, giving a satisfactory result.
Predicting lymph node metastasis in pT1 colorectal cancer: a systematic review of risk factors providing rationale for therapy decisions

Background and study aim: Population screening for colorectal cancer (CRC) is expected to increase the number of pT1 CRCs. Local excision is an attractive treatment option, but is only oncologically safe in the absence of lymph node metastasis (LNM). A systematic review of the predictive value of pathological risk factors for LNM in pT1 CRC was conducted to provide data for an evidence-based decision regarding follow-up or radical surgery after local excision. Methods: PubMed was searched for reports on predictors of LNM in pT1 CRC. Published papers written in English and containing at least 50 patients were included. Meta-analyses were performed using Review Manager 5.1. Results: A total of 17 studies were included involving a total of 3621 patients with available nodal status. The strongest independent predictors of LNM were lymphatic invasion (relative risk [RR] 5.2, 95 % confidence interval [CI] 4.0 – 6.8), submucosal invasion ≥ 1 mm (RR 5.2, 95 %CI 1.8 – 15.4), budding (RR 5.1, 95 %CI 3.6 – 7.3), and poor histological differentiation (RR 4.8, 95 %CI 3.3 – 6.9). Limitations of the study were: results could not be stratified according to location in the colon or rectum; very early tumors removed by polypectomy without surgical resection were not included in the meta-analysis; and included studies were primarily from Asian countries and results therefore need to be verified in Western populations. Conclusion: The absence of lymphatic invasion, budding, submucosal invasion ≥ 1 mm, and poor histological differentiation were each associated with low risk of LNM. Risk stratification models integrating these factors need to be investigated further.
H 2 O 2 activation of HSP 25 / 27 protects desmin from calpain proteolysis in rat ventricular myocytes

Blunt BC, Creek AT, Henderson DC, Hofmann PA. H2O2 activation of HSP25/27 protects desmin from calpain proteolysis in rat ventricular myocytes. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 293: H1518–H1525, 2007. First published May 18, 2007; doi:10.1152/ajpheart.00269. 2006. —Ischemia-reperfusion-induced Ca overload results in activation of calpain-1 in the heart. Calpaindependent proteolysis contributes to myocardial dysfunction and cell death. Previously, preischemic treatment with low doses of H2O2 was shown to improve postischemic function and reduce myocardial infarct size. Our aim was to determine the mechanism by which H2O2 protects the heart. We hypothesized that H2O2 causes the activation of p38 MAPK which initiates translocation of heat shock protein 25/27 (HSP25/27) to the myofilament Z disk. We further hypothesized that HSP25/27 shields structural proteins, particularly desmin, from calpain-induced proteolysis. To address this hypothesis, we first determined that an ischemia-reperfusion-induced decrease in desmin content could be blocked by H2O2 pretreatment of hearts from rats. We next determined that ventricular myocytes that underwent Ca overload also demonstrated a calpain-dependent disruption of desmin that could be reduced by H2O2/p38 MAPK activation. Furthermore, myocytes acutely treated with H2O2 exhibited a decrease in cleavage of desmin upon exposure to exogenous calpain-1 compared with myocytes not pretreated with H2O2. The H2O2-induced attenuation of desmin degradation by calpain-1 was blocked by inhibition of p38 MAPK. In a final series of experiments, we demonstrated that cardiac myofilaments exposed to recombinant phosphorylated HSP27, but not nonphosphorylated HSP27, had a significant reduction in the calpaininduced degradation of desmin compared with non-HSP27-treated myofilaments. These findings are consistent with the hypothesis that H2O2-induced activation of p38 MAPK and subsequent HSP25/27 translocation attenuates desmin degradation brought about by calpain-1 activation in ischemia-reperfused hearts.
Person-context interaction theories

A basic proposition for this chapter's presentation and discussion is that the individual is an active, purposeful part of an integrated, complex, and dynamic person-environment system. Our position is that, as a fundamental prerequisite for success, empirical research must start with a careful analysis of the phenomena relevant to the specific problem under study. With reference to this proposition, the main part of this chapter is devoted to an attempt to analyze the structures and processes involved in the operation of person-environment systems and the way in which the individual functions and develops within this general type of system. The main thesis emphasizes the close dependency of individual functioning and individual development on the social, cultural, and physical characteristics of the environment. At the end of the chapter, certain methodological and research strategy implications of the theoretical analysis will be presented.
Leukemia Classification Using EfficientNetB5: A Deep Learning Approach

Leukemia is a critical disease that requires early and accurate diagnosis. Leukemia is a type of blood cancer mainly occurring when bone marrow builds extra white blood cells in the human body. This disease affects adults and is a common cancer type among children. This paper presents a deep-learning approach using EfficientNetB5 to classify Leukemia using The Cancer Imaging Archive (TCIA) with more than 10,000 images from 118 patients. The achieved confusion matrix will contribute to improving the research in diagnosing cancer.
A Surface Defect Detection Algorithm for PCB Based on MobileViT-YOLO

With the development of printed circuit board towards higher density and higher reliability, printed circuit board may exist many kinds of surface defect like open circuit, short, spur and so on. It has been becoming a new challenge that how to detect these surface defect. In this paper, we propose an improved model called MobileViT-YOLO based on YOLOX. The model uses MobileViT as the backbone network, a new multi-scale feature fusion structure called ASFFPN, and a decoupled head structure. On the PCB defect dataset released by Peking University, MobileViT-YOLO achieves an accuracy of 98.45%, which is 0.76% more accurate than YOLOX with 17.6% fewer parameters.
Role of analogical reasoning in the induction of problem categories.

In 3 experiments, novices were required to answer questions while reading a series of problems. The questions required them either to analyze individual problem structures (intraproblem processing) or compare problem structures (analogical comparison processing) to derive answers. Ss who engaged in problem comparison processing were found to categorize and describe problems on the basis of problem structures, whereas those who engaged in intraproblem processing, or simply read the problems, categorized and described them on the basis of surface features. Analogical comparisons also facilitated selection and construction of equations relative to intraproblem processing. These results suggest that analogical comparison is an important component in the induction of problem categories.
Eliza Googles For Knowledge

The Eliza [1] program relies on having a rich backing script to generate responses based on matches with words the user types. If it were to have a script the size and complexity of Google, it might be able to pass as a live human. If the user's entry contains no matching words in the script, the program could use the resources of Google to generate something new and appropriate. The introduction of the Google API [2] affords this possibility. While the marriage of the two technologies is by no means perfect, it does show promise. This paper describes the creation of the integration, what problems were encountered, and what some potential ideas for extending the integration might be. Introduction The idea of having a database the size and complexity of Google as a resource for a non-search application is intriguing. In 2002, Google introduced an API that allows programmatic use of the Google engine through a SOAP [9] interface. The advantages and challenges of having access to a database as varied and rich as Google were now available to everyone. The initial difficulty lies in understanding how to take advantage of this database effectively. The first step is to identify a possible domain where these advantages could be exploited most easily.
Does Bilateral Experience Lead to Improved Spatial Unmasking of Speech in Children Who Use Bilateral Cochlear Implants?

Hypothesis: In children with bilateral cochlear implants (BiCIs), experience over a 1 to 3-year period can improve speech understanding and spatial unmasking of speech. Background: One reason for providing children with BiCIs is to improve spatial hearing abilities. Little is known about changes in performance with added bilateral experience, and the relation between sound localization and spatial unmasking of speech. Methods: Twenty children with BiCIs participated. Testing was conducted typically within a year of bilateral activation, and at 1, 2, or 3 follow-up annual intervals. All testing was done while children listened with both devices activated. Target speech was presented from front (co-located); interfering speech was from front, right (asymmetrical), or right and left (symmetrical). Speech reception thresholds (SRTs) were measured in each condition. Spatial release from masking (SRM) was quantified as the difference in SRTs between conditions with interferers at 0 degrees and 90 degrees. For 11 of the children, data are also compared with sound localization measures obtained on the same visit to the laboratory but published elsewhere. Results: Change in SRM with bilateral experience varied; some children showed improvement and others did not. Regression analyses identified relationships between SRTs and SRM. Comparison of the SRM with localization data suggests little evidence for correlations between the two spatial tasks. Conclusion: In children with BiCIs spatial hearing mechanisms involved in SRM and sound localization may be different. Reasons for reduced SRM include asymmetry between the ears, and individual differences in the ability to inhibit interfering information, switch and/or sustain attention.
Adaptive Active Noise Control Schemes for Headset Applications

Abstract This paper presents the design and implementation of adaptive feedback active noise control system (ANC) for head phone applications. Active Noise Control is a technique of acoustic noise reduction using a secondary source of sound which produces “antinoise” to cancel the primary noise. In this paper, narrow band single channel feedback ANC for headsets application is focused upon. The filter weights are updated by using the feedback form of Filtered-X LMS (FXLMS) algorithm. Performances for the IIR-based filter, FIR-based filter are compared with those of the algorithm by using ADALINE. The real time implementation of the system is performed using TMS320C6713 DSP Starter Kit (DSK) and the performance is analyzed for two tone sinusoidal noise.
Pushing politely: improving Web responsiveness one packet at a time

The rapid growth of traffic on the World-Wide Web results in heavier loads on networks and servers and in increased latency experienced while retrieving web documents. This paper presents a framework that exploits idle periods to satisfy future HTTP requests speculatively and opportunistically. Our proposal differs from previous schemes in that speculative dissemination always gives precedence to on-demand traffic, uses ranged requests for improved performance, and can be implemented over a connectionless transport. The protocol uses bounded and little server state even as the workload was increased and it is resistant to erroneous estimates of available bandwidth. Substantial latency improvements are reported over pure on-demand strategies.
Transverse-momentum signatures for heavy Higgs bosons.

Heavy Higgs bosons produced by WW fusion at the SSC will have transverse mementum of order M/sub w/. The background due to q anti q . -->. ZZ will produce pairs with characteristically less transverse momentum. This provides a useful discriminator. It may be possible to tag the WW fusion events in a manner analogous to that used in two photon physics. 12 refs., 4 figs.
Quasi-planar high-Q millimeter-wave resonators

Several low-profile 250-mum-high Ka-band cavity resonators are demonstrated with resonant frequencies near 26 GHz and unloaded quality (Q) factors greater than 400. The air-filled copper cavity resonators are fabricated on a silicon substrate using a photolithographic process. A microrectangular coaxial transmission-line feed is integrated in the same process. Four resonators with different mechanical support structures are demonstrated. The resonators are designed using the finite-element method and simulation of both the resonant frequency and Q factor agree well with measurements
Outer Membrane Vesicle Production by Escherichia coli Is Independent of Membrane Instability

ABSTRACT It has been long noted that gram-negative bacteria produce outer membrane vesicles, and recent data demonstrate that vesicles released by pathogenic strains can transmit virulence factors to host cells. However, the mechanism of vesicle release has remained undetermined. This genetic study addresses whether these structures are merely a result of membrane instability or are formed by a more directed process. To elucidate the regulatory mechanisms and physiological basis of vesiculation, we conducted a screen in Escherichia coli to identify gene disruptions that caused vesicle over- or underproduction. Only a few low-vesiculation mutants and no null mutants were recovered, suggesting that vesiculation may be a fundamental characteristic of gram-negative bacterial growth. Gene disruptions were identified that caused differences in vesicle production ranging from a 5-fold decrease to a 200-fold increase relative to wild-type levels. These disruptions included loci governing outer membrane components and peptidoglycan synthesis as well as the σE cell envelope stress response. Mutations causing vesicle overproduction did not result in upregulation of the ompC gene encoding a major outer membrane protein. Detergent sensitivity, leakiness, and growth characteristics of the novel vesiculation mutant strains did not correlate with vesiculation levels, demonstrating that vesicle production is not predictive of envelope instability.
Élie Cartan and geometric duality

It is a great honor for me to be asked to give a lecture about the work of Élie Cartan at the institute that was founded in his name. When I was asked to do this, I was immediately beset by doubts as to whether I could actually say anything of value. Nowadays, the work of Cartan is so widely and deservedly praised and studied, the originality and central importance of his insights so universally acknowledged, that there would seem to be little point in my adding my own small testimonial, however deeply felt, to his pile of honors. Mathematicians better qualified have written in-depth surveys of Cartan’s work and comments on its significance for modern geometry. In addition to the masterful obituaries by Chern and Chevalley [CC] and by J. H. C. Whitehead [Wh], written shortly after his death, there has been a recent book [AR] and a beautiful recent survey containing much valuable information about his life and work by P. Libermann [Li]. Moreover, we have the survey by Élie Cartan himself [Ca13], in which he outlines the great themes of his work in a style that I cannot hope to match. Thus, my plan in this lecture is not to try to describe the whole tapestry of Cartan’s work but, instead, to follow one tiny thread, explain its significance for Cartan as best I can and then expose some of the ramifications of this work in modern geometry. The thread that I will follow is the geometry of the rank 2 simple Lie groups, particularly the geometry of G2.
Effect of TSV interposer on the thermal performance of FCBGA package

In this paper, the effect of TSV (Through Silicon Via) parameters on the equivalent thermal conductivity of TSV interposer and the effect of the TSV interposer on the thermal performance of the package have been elaborated. The modeling approach using in this paper includes compact modeling for the package and detailed modeling for the TSV interposer. The objective of compact modeling is to study the effect of TSV interposer on thermal performance of the package, while the objective of detailed modeling is to extract the equivalent thermal conductivity of TSV interposer which is used for compact modeling. The proposed package in this study includes a large die with fine pitch, a silicon interposer with TSV, a 1-2-1 buildup substrate and a PCB board. In addition, to evaluate the thermal performance of the proposed package, a similar package without the TSV interposer is also modeled in this study for comparison. The results of detailed modeling show that the equivalent thermal conductivity of TSV interposer can be increased by reducing the pitch and via ratio of TSV, as well as increasing the plating thickness of partial filled TSV and using highly conductive filler material. Furthermore, the results of compact modeling reveal that the proposed TSV interposer improves the thermal performance of the package. The thermal resistance of the package decreases when the interposer size and thickness increase, and the equivalent thermal conductivity of TSV interposer has negligible effect on thermal performance of the package.
Remote control of restricted sets of operations: Teleportation of Angles

We study the remote implementation of a unitary transformation on a qubit. We show the existence of non-trivial protocols (i.e., using less resources than bidirectional state teleportation) which allow the perfect remote implementation of certain continuous sets of quantum operations. We prove that, up to a local change of basis, only two subsets exist that can be implemented remotely with a non-trivial protocol: Arbitrary rotations around a fixed direction ~ n and rotations by a fixed angle around an arbitrary direction lying in a plane orthogonal to ~ n. The overall classical information and distributed entanglement cost required for the remote implementation depends on whether it is a priori known to which of the two teleportable subsets the transformation belongs to. If it is so, the optimal protocol consumes one e-bit of entanglement and one c-bit in each direction. If the subset is not known, two e-bits of entanglement need to be consumed while the classical channel becomes asymmetric, two c-bits are conveyed from Alice to Bob but only one from Bob to Alice.
Prediction of Pathological Stage in Patients with Prostate Cancer: A Neuro-Fuzzy Model

The prediction of cancer staging in prostate cancer is a process for estimating the likelihood that the cancer has spread before treatment is given to the patient. Although important for determining the most suitable treatment and optimal management strategy for patients, staging continues to present significant challenges to clinicians. Clinical test results such as the pre-treatment Prostate-Specific Antigen (PSA) level, the biopsy most common tumor pattern (Primary Gleason pattern) and the second most common tumor pattern (Secondary Gleason pattern) in tissue biopsies, and the clinical T stage can be used by clinicians to predict the pathological stage of cancer. However, not every patient will return abnormal results in all tests. This significantly influences the capacity to effectively predict the stage of prostate cancer. Herein we have developed a neuro-fuzzy computational intelligence model for classifying and predicting the likelihood of a patient having Organ-Confined Disease (OCD) or Extra-Prostatic Disease (ED) using a prostate cancer patient dataset obtained from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) Research Network. The system input consisted of the following variables: Primary and Secondary Gleason biopsy patterns, PSA levels, age at diagnosis, and clinical T stage. The performance of the neuro-fuzzy system was compared to other computational intelligence based approaches, namely the Artificial Neural Network, Fuzzy C-Means, Support Vector Machine, the Naive Bayes classifiers, and also the AJCC pTNM Staging Nomogram which is commonly used by clinicians. A comparison of the optimal Receiver Operating Characteristic (ROC) points that were identified using these approaches, revealed that the neuro-fuzzy system, at its optimal point, returns the largest Area Under the ROC Curve (AUC), with a low number of false positives (FPR = 0.274, TPR = 0.789, AUC = 0.812). The proposed approach is also an improvement over the AJCC pTNM Staging Nomogram (FPR = 0.032, TPR = 0.197, AUC = 0.582).