Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
nique Dietary Patterns and Chronic Disease isk Profiles of Adult Men : The Framingham utrition Studies

E. Millen is a professor of Medicine and Public ealth and chair, Graduate Programs in Medical Nurition Sciences, Boston University School of Medicine, oston, MA. P. A. Quatromoni is an assistant professor f Nutrition, Departments of Social and Behavioral Scinces and Epidemiology, Boston University School of ublic Health, Boston, MA, and the Department of ealth Sciences, Sargent College of Health and Rehabiltation Sciences, Boston, MA. M. Pencina is an assistant esearch professor, B. -H. Nam is an assistant research rofessor, S. Cobain is a statistical research assistant, nd R. B. D’Agostino is a professor of Mathematics/Staistics and Public Health, all with the Department of athematics, Boston University, Boston, MA. R. Kimooti is a postdoctoral fellow, Department of Social and ehavioral Sciences, W. Kozak is a project manager, Deartments of Social and Behavioral Sciences and Health ervices, and D. P. Appugliese is a statistical analyst, epartment of Epidemiology and the Data Coordinating enter, Boston University School of Public Health, Boson, MA. J. Ordovas is a professor of Nutrition and Geetics, Lipid Metabolism Laboratory, US Department of griculture Human Nutrition Research Center on Agng, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, MA. Address correspondence to: Barbara E. Millen, DrPH, D, FADA, Department of Social and Behavioral Scinces (Room 263W), Boston University School of Public ealth and Medicine, 715 Albany St, Talbot 2West, Boson, MA 02118. E-mail: bmillen@bu.edu Copyright © 2005 by the American Dietetic ssociation. 0002-8223/05/10511-0001$30.00/0 h doi: 10.1016/j.jada. 2005.08. 007
The Practice of Newspaper Ownership: Fifty Years of Control and Influence in the Swedish Local Press

This dissertation deals with a perennial theme in both public and academic debate: how ownership is exercised in the news media. It does so by exploring the main agency through which ownership control is expected to be exerted in the individual media firm: the board of directors. Establishing the board as an intermediary between owners and the executive and editorial management, the study addresses a number of questions pertaining to the role of media boards: who is elected to the boards; which decisions are made in the boardroom, and which are not; who influences them, and who does not. The empirical results come from a historical study of the Swedish newspaper industry. The Swedish press has long been characterized by close ties to the political arena. A more recent characteristic is the growing dominance of not-for-profit foundations as owners of newspapers. It is the consequence of this particular ownership form that is the main focus of the dissertation. The study analyzes the boards of three local, foundation-owned newspapers between 1955 and 2005. The newspapers are Barometern (Kalmar), Boras Tidning (Boras) and Sundsvalls Tidning (Sundsvall). The study builds primarily on two sources: minutes from over twelve-hundred board meetings and meetings of shareholders, and interviews with twenty-three former and current board members. The study shows that the governance processes, including both the role played by the individual board and the relative autonomy of the editorial department, have differed significantly between the three cases. The distinct characteristics have been reinforced not only by the fact that the newspapers are old and exceedingly mature institutions, but also as a result of a very slow circulation of members of the top echelons of the newspaper organizations. Consequently, the most noticeable shifts in the activities and power structures of the companies have followed from the entering of new decision-makers into the organizations. A basic conclusion is thus that there is no single answer concerning the ramifications of foundation ownership in the press. As a result of an increasingly competitive market situation, the companies have since the early 1990s nevertheless come to be increasingly dominated by professional managers and board members, making the traditional governance features less distinct. The process has been spurred by the fact that all three newspapers have been transformed from independents to parts of expanding newspaper groups. As a result, much of the allocative control previously enjoyed by the local boards has been transferred to central levels of the corporate hierarchy.
Phase I/II Trial of Orteronel (TAK-700)—an Investigational 17,20-Lyase Inhibitor—in Patients with Metastatic Castration-Resistant Prostate Cancer

Purpose: The androgen receptor pathway remains active in men with prostate cancer whose disease has progressed following surgical or medical castration. Orteronel (TAK-700) is an investigational, oral, nonsteroidal, selective, reversible inhibitor of 17,20-lyase, a key enzyme in the production of androgenic hormones. Experimental Design: We conducted a phase I/II study in men with progressive, chemotherapy-naïve, metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer, and serum testosterone <50 ng/dL. In the phase I part, patients received orteronel 100 to 600 mg twice daily or 400 mg twice a day plus prednisone 5 mg twice a day. In phase II, patients received orteronel 300 mg twice a day, 400 mg twice a day plus prednisone, 600 mg twice a day plus prednisone, or 600 mg once a day without prednisone. Results: In phase I (n = 26), no dose-limiting toxicities were observed and 13 of 20 evaluable patients (65%) achieved ≥50% prostate-specific antigen (PSA) decline from baseline at 12 weeks. In phase II (n = 97), 45 of 84 evaluable patients (54%) achieved a ≥50% decline in PSA and at 12 weeks, substantial mean reductions from baseline in testosterone (−7.5 ng/dL) and dehydroepiandrosterone-sulfate (−45.3 μg/dL) were observed. Unconfirmed partial responses were reported in 10 of 51 evaluable phase II patients (20%). Decreases in circulating tumor cells were documented. Fifty-three percent of phase II patients experienced grade ≥3 adverse events irrespective of causality; most common were fatigue, hypokalemia, hyperglycemia, and diarrhea. Conclusions: 17,20-Lyase inhibition by orteronel was tolerable and results in declines in PSA and testosterone, with evidence of radiographic responses. Clin Cancer Res; 20(5); 1335–44. ©2014 AACR.
Competition through Commissions and Kickbacks

In markets for retail financial products and health services, consumers often rely on the advice of intermediaries to decide which specialized offering best fits their needs. Product providers, in turn, compete to influence the intermediaries' advice through hidden kickbacks or disclosed commissions. Motivated by the controversial role of these widespread practices, we formulate a model to analyze competition through commissions from a positive and normative standpoint. The model highlights the role of commissions in making the advisor responsive to supply-side incentives. We characterize situations when commonly adopted policies such as mandatory disclosure and caps on commissions have unintended welfare consequences. (JEL D21, D82, D83, G21, L15, L25)
A Randomized Algorithm for Weighted Approximation of Points by a Step Function

The problem considered in this paper is: given an integer k > 0 and a set P of n points in the plane each with a corresponding non-negative weight, find a step function f with k steps that minimize the maximum weighted vertical distance between f and all the points in P. We present a randomized algorithm to solve the problem in O(n log n) expected running time. The bound is obviously optimal for the unsorted input. The previously best known algorithm runs in O(n log2 n) worstcase time. Another merit of the algorithm is its simplicity. The algorithm is just a randomized implementation of Frederickson and Johnson's matrix searching technique, and it only exploits a simple data structure.
Workplace Relations: Past, Present and Future

This paper briefly describes and explains a research trajectory that spans 25 years and provides some pointers for future research. Three sets of studies are addressed and organised thematically. The theme of the first research program is industrial conflict and accommodation, and the settings include strike-prone industries in Britain and Australia in the decade, 1973–83. The second set of studies addresses the theme of globalisation and the impact of multinational corporations on workplace relations. Relevant settings include countries in Africa, Europe and especially Asia in the period, 1994–2002. The third research program has the informational economy as its theme. This includes an emphasis on computer technology, services and knowledge work. The research focus is on workplace relations in customer-contact service firms, and in new industries such as biotechnology and software development that are particularly dependent on innovation.
Algorithms for Generalized Topic Modeling

Recently there has been significant activity in developing algorithms with provable guarantees for topic modeling. In this work we consider a broad generalization of the traditional topic modeling framework, where we no longer assume that words are drawn i.i. d. and instead view a topic as a complex distribution over sequences of paragraphs. Since one could not hope to even represent such a distribution in general (even if paragraphs are given using some natural feature representation), we aim instead to directly learn a predictor that given a new document, accurately predicts its topic mixture, without learning the distributions explicitly. We present several natural conditions under which one can do this from unlabeled data only, and give efficient algorithms to do so, also discussing issues such as noise tolerance and sample complexity. More generally, our model can be viewed as a generalization of the multi-view or co-training setting in machine learning.
Formation of New Capillaries in Hypertrophic Skeletal Muscle

in this paper under the heading: open capillaries. A still unresolved question is whether new capillaries can be formed under the influence of exercise. This is of great importance for top athletic performances, but it can also be important for rehabilitation of cardiac patients. If animal experiments and human data should indicate the possibility of formation of new capillaries, it should be very attractive to reproduce this phenomenon in humans by special training methods. This problem is discussed under the heading: formation of new capillaries.
Pharmacological approaches other than opioids in chronic non‐cancer pain management

Many pains are controlled by non‐addictive procedures ranging from exercise to a variety of analgesic medications. Some pains are controlled by analgesic drugs, but at the cost of intolerable side effects. This is true both for non‐steroidal anti‐inflammatory drugs and opioids. The worst pains are most often controlled by opioids, but problems of tolerance and addiction limit these successes. This contribution provides a statement on non‐addictive, non‐opioid drugs which help to control pain. Just as these vary in their success, so they vary also in the strength of the scientific evidence which supports their use. The groups of drugs to be considered can be evaluated in three respects; evidence of analgesic effect in controlled trials; evidence of side‐effects compared with control substances and with standard experience; evidence of usefulness in clinical practice. The latter which is the most important for practice often has the least scientific proof.
In the Aftermath of Dresden: New Directions in German Flood Insurance

The German flood disaster of summer 2002 highlighted a dilemma concerning insurance against damages caused by natural forces. On the one hand, mindful of the rising incidence of natural disasters, private insurance companies are increasingly withdrawing coverage against natural catastrophes such as wind storms and floods. On the other, the availability of emergency relief and private donations is systematically weakening the incentive for potential victims to implement preventive measures so as to reduce the risk of damages. The dilemma is further exacerbated by the evident overestimation of the extent of damages in the immediate aftermath of natural disasters, resulting in the unnecessary withdrawal of private demand and the ad hoc reprogramming of public investment. Most of these problems could be resolved by the introduction of a general mandatory insurance against natural catastrophes. This paper proposes a practicable natural hazard insurance for Germany that is based on two principles. First, all basic natural disasters (wind storms, floods, earthquakes, etc.) would be covered by a single policy. This pooling approach would increase both the efficiency of risk coverage and the level of acceptance for the new type of insurance. Second, in the case of floods, only “once-a-century” damages would be insured. Regularly recurring floods, however, would not be covered. The state would step in as the final insurer in cases of accumulating damages, but state intervention would be strictly limited to covering extreme loss.
Endocardial and epicardial deformations in cardiac amyloidosis and hypertrophic cardiomyopathy.

BACKGROUND The aim of the present study was to analyze epicardial (EPI) and endocardial (ENDO) strain (S) in patients with transthyretin-related cardiac amyloidosis (TTR-CA) and hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) using echocardiography (TTE) with 2-dimensional feature tracking imaging (FTI). METHODS AND RESULTS Thirty-three subjects (11 with HCM, 11 with TTR-CA, and 11 healthy subjects as controls) with a New York Heart Association functional class ≤ II underwent conventional TTE and FTI. TTE was used for the evaluation of left ventricle (LV) wall thickness, mass, systolic and diastolic function. FTI was used for the evaluation of EPI and ENDO longitudinal, and circumferential, and radial S. LV wall thickness and mass were higher in both TTR-CA and HCM in comparison with controls (P < 0.001), but ejection fraction (EF) was similar among patients with TTR-CA, HCM and controls (63 ± 6%, 64 ± 6%, 61 ± 5%, respectively). ENDO and EPI longitudinal and circumferential S and radial S were significantly lower in HCM and TTR-CA when compared with controls (P < 0.01). No differences in EPI and ENDO longitudinal S, ENDO circumferential S and radial S were found between TTR-CA and HCM groups, while EPI circumferential S was significantly lower in the TTRCA group (6 ± 3.3%) than in the HCM group (8.1 ± 4.3%; P < 0.0001). CONCLUSIONS Longitudinal, circumferential and radial LV deformations are impaired in patients with TTR-CA and HCM with a preserved EF. Impairment of EPI circumferential strain is greater in TTR-CA than in HCM.
Oral rehabilitation of the cancer patient: A formidable challenge

Rehabilitation of oral functions following surgery on the jaws is a goal that is often difficult to achieve. Removable dentures supported by remaining teeth or gum are often unstable and seldom satisfactory. On the other hand, endosseous (dental) implants offer a mechanism to provide stability to the dentures. This review, discusses factors related to the tumor, patient, treatment, and physicians which impact upon the feasibility and success of dental implants in patients with oral cancer.
Trade union revitalisation: trends and prospects in 34 countries

Although trade unionism has been declining in virtually every part of the world, its continued demise is not a foregone conclusion. As it has throughout its history, trade unionism has demonstrated a capacity to adapt, to make its voice heard, to reassert its power. The scale and scope of experimentation taking place in the labour movement today is testimony not just to the depth of the crisis but also to the possibility of resurgence in the years ahead. This book is an essential resource for anyone wishing to know about contemporary labour issues. It offers a comprehensive introduction to the state of trade unionism in the world today, and the often innovative strategies and tactics trade unionists are using to revive their organisations in each of the major nations of the world. Leading labour scholars discuss, in clear prose, the health of the trade union movement, the present political and economic climate for trade union advancement, the dominant revitalisation strategies, and future prospects in each nation. Each chapter includes an up-to-date guide to further reading.
Multi-point multi-hand haptic teleoperation of a mobile robot

This paper introduces a novel approach to multi-point multi-hand haptic teleoperation of a mobile robot. The work extends upon existing approaches to provide the teleoperator with the ability to utilise one hand to achieve intuitive haptic control of the mobile robot while utilising the other hand to intuitively control the orientation (and corresponding visual information) of the robot's onboard camera. This work begins with the introduction of the Intuitive Haptic Conical Control Surface which extends upon existing approaches to provide the teleoperator with an intuitive method for issuing robot motion commands whilst simultaneously displaying real-time task-dependent haptic augmentation. A novel multi-point haptic gripper prototype is then introduced providing the basis for the teleoperator to haptically utilise the camera-in-hand metaphor for intuitive control of the visual information provided by the robot's onboard camera. The distinct advantages justifying the individual approaches are discussed and it is suggested that using dual haptic modalities the teleoperator can utilise both approaches simultaneously for intuitive haptic mobile robotic teleoperation. This work represents the first stage of a continuing research project and provides innovative contributions facilitating the presented approach to mobile robotic teleoperation. The realisation of this capability enables future research to fully investigate the human factors and efficacy of the approach.
Structural Relationships and Portfolio Efficiency

Instead of relying on inherently frail statistical relationships, investors should base portfolio construction decisions on the enduring structural relationship between risk and return. Direct investments in implied volatility indexes, such as the VIX and related contracts, can provide a perfect hedge, because increases in risk feed back into the asset’s price: when an asset’s conditional volatility increases, its price falls. Empirical results align with theory, as increases in the front-month VIX futures contract have translated to downward stock price adjustments. Data demonstrate that the VIX is a reliable proxy for the market-wide price of risk and can generally anticipate flights to safety and explain stock returns and changes in credit spreads.
Self-Reinforced Cascaded Regression for Face Alignment

Cascaded regression is prevailing in face alignment thanks to its accurate and robust localization of facial landmarks, but typically demands numerous annotated training examples of low discrepancy between shape-indexed features and shape updates. In this paper, we propose a self-reinforced strategy that iteratively expands the quantity and improves the quality of training examples, thus upgrading the performance of cascaded regression itself. The reinforced term evaluates the example quality upon the consistence on both local appearance and global geometry of human faces, and constitutes the example evolution by the philosophy of "survival of the fittest. " We train a set of discriminative classifiers, each associated with one landmark label, to prune those examples with inconsistent local appearance, and further validate the geometric relationship among groups of labeled landmarks against the common global geometry derived from a projective invariant. We embed this generic strategy into two typical cascaded regressions, and the alignment results on several benchmark data sets demonstrate the effectiveness of training regressions with automatic example prediction and evolution starting from a small subset.
Just War Against Terror: The Burden Of American Power In A Violent World

Jean Bethke Elshtain advocates "just war" in times of crisis and mounts a reasoned attack against the anti-war contingent in American intellectual life. Advocating an ethic of responsibility, Elshtain forces us to ask tough questions not only about the nature of terrorism, but about ourselves. This paperback edition features a new introduction by the author, addressing the Iraq war and other events in the Middle East.
Seroprevalence after vaccination of cattle and sheep against Bluetongue Virus (BTV) serotype 8 in Sweden.

Sweden experienced its first outbreak of bluetongue virus (BTV) infection beginning in September 2008. Mandatory vaccination with an inactivated vaccine (BTVPUR Alsap8; Merial, Lyon, France) began 2 days after bluetongue was confirmed in the country. The aim of this study was to investigate whether the goal of 80% seroconversion by the susceptible population within the vaccination area was met during the initial phase of the Swedish vaccination campaign and whether there were discrepancies between subpopulations. Milk or blood samples were collected from 274 cattle randomly selected from the vaccinated population. Blood samples were also collected from ten ewes on each of 28 randomly selected vaccinated herds. The vaccination campaign in Sweden may be regarded as successful, as measured by apparent seroprevalence in the vaccinated population. The overall apparent seroprevalence was 77%, and in cattle, which constituted the majority of the susceptible population, the apparent seroprevalence was 82%. Factors that influenced the titres after vaccination were as follows: (i) the time span between vaccination and sampling and (ii) the age of the animals.
Use of mesenchymal stem cells in a collagen matrix for achilles tendon repair

This investigation tested the hypothesis that delivering mesenchymal stem cell‐seeded implants to a tendon gap model results in significantly improved repair biomechanics. Cultured, autologous, marrowderived mesenchymal stem cells were suspended in a collagen gel delivery vehicle; the cell‐gel composite was subsequently contracted onto a pretensioned suture. The resulting tissue prosthesis was then implanted into a 1‐cm‐long gap defect in the rabbit Achilles tendon. Identical procedures were performed on the contralateral tendon, but only the suture material was implanted. The tendon‐implant constructs were evaluated 4, 8, and 12 weeks later by biomechanical and histological criteria. Significantly greater load‐related structural and material properties were seen at all time intervals in the mesenchymal stem cell‐treated tendons than in the contralateral, treated control repairs (p < 0.05), which contained suture alone with natural cell recruitment. The values were typically twice those for the control tissues at each time interval. Load‐related material properties for the treated tissues also increased significantly over time (p < 0.05). The treated tissues had a significantly larger cross‐sectional area (p < 0.05), and their collagen fibers appeared to be better aligned than those in the matched controls. The results indicate that delivering mesenchymal stem cell‐contracted, organized collagen implants to large tendon defects can significantly improve the biomechanics, structure, and probably the function of the tendon after injury.