Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The 1999 İzmit Earthquake Sequence in Turkey: Seismological and Tectonic Aspects

The Izmit/Duzce earthquake sequence is the largest sequence recorded by modern digital networks in the history of Turkish earthquakes. The ( M w 7.4) Izmit mainshock occurred at 29.967° E and 40.729° N, and 13 km depth at 00 hr 01 min 38.7 sec UTC, on 17 August 1999 and was preceded by at least eight immediate foreshocks of magnitude M L < 3.0. Aftershock locations show that a large region has become seismically very energetic following the mainshock and that most of the aftershock zone developed quickly in the first 3 days. The distribution of the aftershocks illuminates numerous seismotectonic structures associated with the various branches of the North Anatolian Fault (NAF) in the aftershock zone. The seismicity pattern defines a rupture plane that extends about 80 km east and 75 km west of the mainshock epicenter, confirming bilateral rupture during the mainshock. The western aftershock activity is almost entirely located offshore, extending along the axis of the Izmit Bay. We show that the westernmost extent of the mainshock rupture reached the offshore region, just 10 km south of the Princes Islands. The dominance of strike-slip motion is one of the main characteristics of the Izmit sequence. A number of significant aftershock clusters occur off the inferred mainshock rupture plane. The spatial and temporal occurrence of these clusters show that they are triggered by the complex redistribution of stresses and dynamic strains imposed by the dislocation of the mainshock. The focal mechanisms of the events located in the western end of the rupture zone show both strike-slip and normal-faulting mechanisms. We infer that the Yalova cluster was triggered by the mainshock. The dominance of the normal faulting mechanisms supports the notion that dynamic extensional strains played a major role in triggering this cluster. Four events located off the Princes Islands indicate similar source mechanisms characterized by right-lateral strike-slip motion parallel to the strike of the Northern Boundary Fault (NBF) and local trend of aftershock distribution. This observation leads to a first order seismotectonic evidence that the nature of the NBF, which is known to be a transtensional feature at the surface, is dominated by strike-slip motion at depth. The coexistence of strike slip and extensional seismotectonic features in the Sea of Marmara highlights the importance of strain partitioning amongst shallow transtentional structures accommodating north-south extension and deeper structures associated with the NAF accommodating east-west right-lateral shear. Manuscript received 22 September 2000.
UParse: the Edinburgh system for the CoNLL 2017 UD shared task

This paper presents our submissions for the CoNLL 2017 UD Shared Task. Our parser, called UParse, is based on a neural network graph-based dependency parser. The parser uses features from a bidirectional LSTM to to produce a distribution over possible heads for each word in the sentence. To allow transfer learning for low-resource treebanks and surprise languages, we train several multilingual models for related languages, grouped by their genus and language families. Out of 33 participants, our system achieves rank 9th in the main results, with 75.49 UAS and 68.87 LAS F-1 scores (average across 81 treebanks).
Joint inversion of gravity and magnetic data under lithologic constraints

Interpreting exploration data requires combining different types of information to solve the geologic puzzle. It implies bringing together all data components into an image that makes conceptual sense in terms of the geology of the exploration area. The identification of geologic objects and the inference of a spatial description of the lithology—consistent with all available information—are the objectives of the process.
A Novel Channel Estimation for Frequency-Selective Block-Fading Rayleigh MIMO Channels Based on Parametric Channel Modeling

An improved channel estimation scheme based on estimation of parameters is presented for frequency-selective MIMO channels. In the algorithm, the propagation delays and the angles of multipath are firstly estimated by a extended TST-MUSIC algorithm. With the information of multipath delays and angles, an estimator based on parametric channel model is derived and the estimator's performance is analyzed. Simulation results show that the method can effectively decrease the dimension of estimated parameters, consequently has much better performance than the nonparametric least square (LS) estimator.
Spectral modular arithmetic for binary extension fields

We describe a method of carrying multiplication in the binary extension fields. The new method fully operates on the Fourier representations of the field elements by successively applying the convolution property and a reduction technique defined on the Fourier coefficients. With some careful parameter selection, the method yields highly parallel architectures for operations involving several field multiplications such as the scalar multiplication calculation of elliptic curve cryptography.
Microvesicles released from fat-laden cells promote activation of hepatocellular NLRP3 inflammasome: A pro-inflammatory link between lipotoxicity and non-alcoholic steatohepatitis

Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease (NAFLD) is a major form of chronic liver disease in the general population in relation to its high prevalence among overweight/obese individuals and patients with diabetes type II or metabolic syndrome. NAFLD can progress to steatohepatitis (NASH), fibrosis and cirrhosis and end-stage of liver disease but mechanisms involved are still incompletely characterized. Within the mechanisms proposed to mediate the progression of NAFLD, lipotoxicity is believed to play a major role. In the present study we provide data suggesting that microvesicles (MVs) released by fat-laden cells undergoing lipotoxicity can activate NLRP3 inflammasome following internalization by either cells of hepatocellular origin or macrophages. Inflammasome activation involves NF-kB-mediated up-regulation of NLRP3, pro-caspase-1 and pro-Interleukin-1, then inflammasome complex formation and Caspase-1 activation leading finally to an increased release of IL-1β. Since the release of MVs from lipotoxic cells and the activation of NLRP3 inflammasome have been reported to occur in vivo in either clinical or experimental NASH, these data suggest a novel rational link between lipotoxicity and increased inflammatory response.
parmigene - a parallel R package for mutual information estimation and gene network reconstruction

MOTIVATION Inferring large transcriptional networks using mutual information has been shown to be effective in several experimental setup. Unfortunately, this approach has two main drawbacks: (i) several mutual information estimators are prone to biases and (ii) available software still has large computational costs when processing thousand of genes. RESULTS Here, we present parmigene (PARallel Mutual Information estimation for GEne NEtwork reconstruction), an R package that tries to fill the above gaps. It implements a mutual information estimator based on k-nearest neighbor distances that is minimally biased with respect to the other methods and uses a parallel computing paradigm to reconstruct gene regulatory networks. We test parmigene on in silico and real data. We show that parmigene gives more precise results than existing softwares with strikingly less computational costs. AVAILABILITY AND IMPLEMENTATION The parmigene package is available on the CRAN network at http://cran.r-project.org/web/packages/. CONTACT chiara.romualdi@unipd.it
Postoperative Urinary Retention: Anesthetic and Perioperative Considerations

Urinary retention is common after anesthesia and surgery, reported incidence of between 5% and 70%. Comorbidities, type of surgery, and type of anesthesia influence the development of postoperative urinary retention (POUR). The authors review the overall incidence and mechanisms of POUR associated with surgery, anesthesia and analgesia. Ultrasound has been shown to provide an accurate assessment of urinary bladder volume and a guide to the management of POUR. Recommendations for urinary catheterization in the perioperative setting vary widely, influenced by many factors, including surgical factors, type of anesthesia, comorbidities, local policies, and personal preferences. Inappropriate management of POUR may be responsible for bladder overdistension, urinary tract infection, and catheter-related complications. An evidence-based approach to prevention and management of POUR during the perioperative period is proposed.
D2FL: Design and Implementation of Distributed Dynamic Fault Localization

Compromised or misconfigured routers have been a major concern in large-scale networks. Such routers sabotage packet delivery, and thus hurt network performance. Data-plane fault localization (FL) promises to solve this problem. Regrettably, the path-based FL fails to support dynamic routing, and the neighbor-based FL requires a centralized trusted administrative controller (AC) or global clock synchronization in each router and introduces storage overhead for caching packets. To address these problems, we introduce a dynamic distributed and low-cost model, D 2 FL. Using random two-hop neighborhood authentication, D 2 FL supports volatile path without the AC or global clock synchronization. Besides, D 2 FL requires only constant tens of KB for caching which is independent of the packet transmission rate. This is much less than the cache size of DynaFL or DFL which consumes several MB. The simulations show that D 2 FL achieves low false positive and false negative rate with no more than 3 percent bandwidth overhead. We also implement an open source prototype and evaluate its effect. The result shows that the performance burden in user space is less than 10 percent with the dynamic sampling algorithm.
BIOMARKERS OF PLANTS WITH DIFFERENT TYPES OF ECOLOGICAL STRATEGIES

Summary. Adaptive changes driven by ecological stresses can be investigated at various hierarchical levels – from molecular up to coenotic. Of particular interest is adaptation directed at altering key plant physiological processes in response to negative and unusual ecological factors. Patterns of physiological adaptation can be classified within the framework of ecological strategy. One of the most widely used classifications has been proposed by Ramensky and Grime (1971, 1988). Adaptation to stress in plants is regulated by a complex of molecular and genetic mechanisms that activate stress responses to prevent protein degradation and cellular component destruction and restore homeostasis. Since protein biosynthesis is a key link in the metabolic chain and because phytohormones regulate and coordinate such fundamental processes as growth, development, photo- and biosynthesis and respiration, their expression profiles are likely to vary between plants that adopt different stress response strategies. In this study, we investigated the utility of proteins, especially members of stress protein families, and of phytohormones as biomarkers for different ecological adaptation strategies.
Neuro-fuzzy dual input power system stabilizer for a multimachine system

In this paper a novel technique for real-time tuning of the parameters of the dual input power system stabilizers in a multimachine system using neuro-fuzzy system, is presented. A systematic approach for generating training patterns and training of the neuro-fuzzy system is presented. Investigations reveal that the performance of neuro-fuzzy dual input power system stabilizers in a multimachine system is quite robust under wide variations in loading conditions.
An audio-visual approach to measuring discourse synchrony in multimodal conversation data

This paper describes recent work on the automatic extraction of visual and audio parameters relating to the detection of synchrony in discourse, and to the modelling of active listening for advanced speech technology. It reports findings based on image processing that reliably identify the strong entrainment between members of a group conversation, and describes techniques for the extraction and analysis of such information.
Spam Filtering Using Adaptive Genetic Algorithm

Now a day‘s everybody email inbox is full with spam mails. The problem with spam mails is that they are not malicious in nature so generally don‘t get blocked with firewall or filters etc., however, they are unwanted mails received by any internet users. In 2012, more that 50% emails of the total emails were spam emails. In this paper, a genetic algorithm based method for spam email filtering is discussed with its advantages and dis-advantages. The results presented in the paper are promising and suggested that GA can be a good option in conjunction with other e-mail filtering techniques can provide more robust solution.
Effect of sacral cordotomy on the reproductive organs of the male guinea pig.

Transection of the spinal cord at the lumbosacral articulation in 4 sexually mature guinea pigs resulted in a marked reduction in the weight of the testes and seminal vesicles from 542.8 mg/100 g VW to 291.3 mg/100 g BW (P<0.01) and 570.9 mg/100 g BW to 130.4 mgJlOO g BW (P<0.001), respectively. Plasma concentration of testosterone also fell markedly from control levels of 2.6 ng/ml to 0.8 ng/ml (P<0.001) in animals which had been subjected to cord section 49 days previously. These data indicate that intact sacral cord and nerves are necessary for normal reproductive function.
Why Models Rather Than Rules Give a Better Account of Prepositional Reasoning : A Reply to Bonatti and to O ' Brien ,

O'Brien, Braine, and Yang argue that the mental model theory of prepositional reasoning is easy to refute, and they report 3 experiments that they believe falsify the theory. In contrast, Bonatti argues that the model theory is too flexible to be falsified. We show that O'Brien et al.'s experiments do not refute the model theory and that Bonatti's claims are ill founded. Formal rule theories of prepositional reasoning have 3 major weaknesses in comparison with the model theory: (a) They have no decision procedure; (b) they lack predictive power, providing no account of several robust phenomena (e.g., erroneous conclusions tend to be consistent with the premises); and (c) as a class of theories, they are difficult to refute experimentally.
2×(4×)128 time-gated CMOS single photon avalanche diode line detector with 100 ps resolution for Raman spectroscopy

A 2×(4×)128 multiphase time-gated single photon avalanche diode (SPAD) line detector has been designed and fabricated in a high voltage 0.35 μm CMOS technology for Raman spectroscopy. The time positions of the photons can be measured with the resolution of 100 ps using four time gates over the whole line detector simultaneously. This approach enables to reduce the fluorescence background of the Raman spectrum markedly. Measurements showed that the time gates can be distributed over the whole line detector with the accuracy of ± 35 ps which is adequate for a time-gated pulsed Raman spectroscopy using a laser pulse width of approximately 150 ps.
Adaptive Method for Following Dynamic Topics on Twitter

Many research social studies of public response on social media require following (i.e., tracking) topics on Twitter for long periods of time. The current approaches rely on streaming tweets based on some hashtags or keywords, or following some Twitter accounts. Such approaches lead to limited coverage of on-topic tweets. In this paper, we introduce a novel technique for following such topics in a more effective way. A topic is defined as a set of well-prepared queries that cover the static side of the topic. We propose an automatic approach that adapts to emerging aspects of a tracked broad topic over time. We tested our tracking approach on three broad dynamic topics that are hot in different categories: Egyptian politics, Syrian conflict, and international sports. We measured the effectiveness of our approach over four full days spanning a period of four months to ensure consistency in effectiveness. Experimental results showed that, on average, our approach achieved over 100% increase in recall relative to the baseline Boolean approach, while maintaining an acceptable precision of 83%.
Titin strain contributes to the Frank–Starling law of the heart by structural rearrangements of both thin- and thick-filament proteins

Significance The Frank–Starling law of the heart represents a fundamental regulatory mechanism whereby cardiac pump performance is directly modulated by the extent of diastolic ventricular filling on a beat-to-beat basis. It is now well established that sarcomere length (SL)-induced changes in cardiac contractile protein responsiveness to activating calcium ions play a major role in this phenomenon. However, the molecular mechanisms that underlie this SL-sensing property are not known. Here, we show by small-angle X-ray diffraction and fluorescent probe techniques that the giant protein titin likely transmits the length signal to induce structural alterations in both thin- and thick-filament contractile proteins. These findings provide insights into the molecular basis of the Frank–Starling regulatory mechanism. The Frank–Starling mechanism of the heart is due, in part, to modulation of myofilament Ca2+ sensitivity by sarcomere length (SL) [length-dependent activation (LDA)]. The molecular mechanism(s) that underlie LDA are unknown. Recent evidence has implicated the giant protein titin in this cellular process, possibly by positioning the myosin head closer to actin. To clarify the role of titin strain in LDA, we isolated myocardium from either WT or homozygous mutant (HM) rats that express a giant splice isoform of titin, and subjected the muscles to stretch from 2.0 to 2.4 μm of SL. Upon stretch, HM compared with WT muscles displayed reduced passive force, twitch force, and myofilament LDA. Time-resolved small-angle X-ray diffraction measurements of WT twitching muscles during diastole revealed stretch-induced increases in the intensity of myosin (M2 and M6) and troponin (Tn3) reflections, as well as a reduction in cross-bridge radial spacing. Independent fluorescent probe analyses in relaxed permeabilized myocytes corroborated these findings. X-ray electron density reconstruction revealed increased mass/ordering in both thick and thin filaments. The SL-dependent changes in structure observed in WT myocardium were absent in HM myocardium. Overall, our results reveal a correlation between titin strain and the Frank–Starling mechanism. The molecular basis underlying this phenomenon appears not to involve interfilament spacing or movement of myosin toward actin but, rather, sarcomere stretch-induced simultaneous structural rearrangements within both thin and thick filaments that correlate with titin strain and myofilament LDA.
eview ituitary senescence : The evolving role of Pttg era

Despite the high prevalence of pituitary adenomas they are invariably benign, indicative of unique intrinsic mechanisms controlling pituitary cell proliferation. Cellular senescence is characterized by a largely irreversible cell cycle arrest and constitutes a strong anti-proliferative response, which can be triggered by DNA damage, chromosomal instability and aneuploidy, loss of tumor suppressive signaling or oncogene activation. In vivo senescence is an important protective mechanism against cancer. Here we discuss prospective mechanisms underlying senescence-associated molecular pathways activated
The Propeptides of VEGF-D Determine Heparin Binding, Receptor Heterodimerization, and Effects on Tumor Biology*

Background: VEGF-D is a secreted protein that promotes cancer metastasis; it comprises a receptor-binding domain flanked by cleavable propeptides but the functions of the propeptides were unclear. Results: Propeptides determine heparin binding, VEGF receptor heterodimerization, and rates of metastasis. Conclusion: Propeptides influence molecular interactions of VEGF-D and its bioactivity in cancer. Significance: This study defines the biological significance of VEGF-D propeptides. VEGF-D is an angiogenic and lymphangiogenic glycoprotein that can be proteolytically processed generating various forms differing in subunit composition due to the presence or absence of N- and C-terminal propeptides. These propeptides flank the central VEGF homology domain, that contains the binding sites for VEGF receptors (VEGFRs), but their biological functions were unclear. Characterization of propeptide function will be important to clarify which forms of VEGF-D are biologically active and therefore clinically relevant. Here we use VEGF-D mutants deficient in either propeptide, and in the capacity to process the remaining propeptide, to monitor the functions of these domains. We report for the first time that VEGF-D binds heparin, and that the C-terminal propeptide significantly enhances this interaction (removal of this propeptide from full-length VEGF-D completely prevents heparin binding). We also show that removal of either the N- or C-terminal propeptide is required for VEGF-D to drive formation of VEGFR-2/VEGFR-3 heterodimers which have recently been shown to positively regulate angiogenic sprouting. The mature form of VEGF-D, lacking both propeptides, can also promote formation of these receptor heterodimers. In a mouse tumor model, removal of only the C-terminal propeptide from full-length VEGF-D was sufficient to enhance angiogenesis and tumor growth. In contrast, removal of both propeptides is required for high rates of lymph node metastasis. The findings reported here show that the propeptides profoundly influence molecular interactions of VEGF-D with VEGF receptors, co-receptors, and heparin, and its effects on tumor biology.
<formula formulatype="inline"><tex Notation="TeX">$(1/3) \times \hbox{VDD}$</tex></formula>-to- <formula formulatype="inline"><tex Notation="TeX">$(3/2) \times \hbox{VDD}$</tex></formula> Wide-Range I/O Buffer Using 0.35- <formula formulatype="inline"><tex Notation="TeX">$\mu\hbox{m}$</tex></formula

A 0.9/1.2/1.8/2.5/3.3/5.0-V wide-range input/output buffer carried out using a typical complementary metal-oxide-semiconductor (MOS) 2P4M 0.35-μm process is proposed in this brief. An input buffer with a logic calibration circuit is used for receiving a low voltage signal. A novel floating n-well circuit is employed to remove the body effect at the output p-channel MOS (PMOS). Moreover, a dynamic driving detector is included to equalize the turn-on voltages for the output PMOS and n-channel MOS transistors. The worst-case duty cycle of the output signal can then be 54.2% in a low-voltage mode. The maximum output frequency of the proposed design is measured to be 17.9/27.9/35.3/70.1/79.2/60.0 MHz for VDDIO = 0.9/1.2/1.8/2.5/3.3/5.0&nbsp;V, respectively. The power consumption is 553 nW at the worst simulation case of [SS, 100°C] and 330 nW by on-silicon measurement.