Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Conditioned stress-eating and stress non-eating in rats, and their preference for food sweetened with sucralose

The current study examined different learning histories in relation to stress and food intake. In other words, stress-induced eating and non-eating could be due to different learned associations between a stressor and food. Seventeen male Sprague-Dawley rats were used to create a model of stress-eating and non-eating using operant conditioning. This model was then used to examine subjects’ food intake and preferences for food formulas sweetened with three different amounts of Splenda: 0%, 10%, and 60%. These formulas were first presented to the rats individually (onechoice test) while a high-frequency tone (the stressor) was present and absent. The second test (two-choice test) exposed the rats to 2/3 formulas at the same time while the stressor was present and absent. It was found that all rats, regardless of group assignment preferred chows containing no Splenda, as demonstrated by an increase in food intake. This did not change as a factor of stress. Additionally, conditioned stress-eaters increased their food overall food intake when the stressor was present, as compared to when it was absent. This was not observed for conditioned stress non-eaters. Limitations, implications, and future directions are discussed.
Multi-arm robotic swimmer actuated by antagonistic SMA springs

The present paper considers the modeling, control, development and experimental validation of bio-inspired multiarm underwater robotic swimmers actuated by compliant actuating elements, in the context of the soft robotics paradigm. Each one of the swimmer's compliant arms is actuated at its base by a pair of antagonistic compliant shape memory alloy (SMA) springs. The base joint of each such arm displays hysteretic behavior and asymmetries, which are compensated via the modified Prandtl-Ishlinskii (MPI) model of the joint's response, in conjunction with angular position feedback from a potentiometer. This closed-loop control scheme achieves fast and efficient tracking of a sculling joint motion profile. Experimental results based on a pair of such submerged arms, integrated in a catamaran hull, indicate the feasibility of this actuation and control scheme, providing propulsive speeds up to approximately 0.5 arm lengths per second (~50 mm/sec) and propulsive forces up to 30 mN. The experimental studies presented, regarding the effect of the arm kinematic parameters on propulsive speed and force, are in qualitative agreement with previous results of our group for rigid-actuator multi-arm underwater swimmers.
Baryon asymmetry of the Universe in the minimal standard model.

We calculate the baryon asymmetry of the Universe which would arise during a first-order electroweak phase transition due to minimal-standard-model processes. It agrees in sign and magnitude with the observed baryonic excess, for reasonable Kobayashi-Maskawa parameters and mt in the expected range, and plausible values of bubble velocity and other high temperature effects. © 1993 The American Physical Society.
Challenges and Possibilities for Extracting Parallel Corpora from the Web – The Translator ’ s Dream Scenario

Parallel corpora are valuable resources for translators because they serve a variety of purposes. However, substantial parallel corpora are very hard to find (and compile) and those that exist already are usually limited in size, language pairs, subject-domains and accessibility. This paper explores the possibility of integrating an intelligent agent to a Translation Memory (TM) system that searches the Web for bitexts, retrieves them and adds them to the parallel corpus residing in the local TM database of the translator. The process is performed automatically after the user has set the functional parameters at the beginning of the session. Such an integrated system will offer translators the advantage of compiling very large corpora rapidly and with minimum effort, and will enhance the productivity and quality gains deriving from the use of such a tool.
Acoustic Correlates of Emphasis in Jordanian Arabic: Preliminary Results

Most, if not all, dialects of the Arabic language are characterized by features of pharyngealization – traditionally called emphasis. This phenomenon has triggered a great amount of research as early as the eighth century AD. Classical Arab linguists have described emphasis in terms of production with scattered attempts to describe the vocal tract configuration during the production of emphatics. Arabic still retains the full set of emphatics reconstructed from Proto-Semitic at a number of places of articulation, (Versteegh, 2001; Watson, 2002). All dialects of Arabic have minimal or near-minimal pairs with a difference only in terms of emphatic vs. plain consonants. In the early twentieth century, Western linguists have started to study emphasis in detail but the bulk of research that has been conducted since then concentrated on the phonological properties of emphasis. Little attention has been devoted to the acoustics of emphasis. This study provides a first step towards filling the gap by focusing on the acoustic correlates of emphasis in Jordanian Arabic. Some of the previous studies have taken data from different dialects of Arabic, which may have led to inconsistencies in their findings. The fact that emphasis is evident in most dialects of Arabic does not necessarily mean that its correlates are identical. This paper focuses entirely on the acoustic properties of emphatic vs. plain consonants and vowels in and adjacent to the target syllables. The paper is divided into seven sections. Section 1 lays out the organization of the study. In Section 2, the different definitions of emphasis that have been put forward by classical Arab linguists as well as modern Western linguists are introduced. In this section, the mechanism by which emphasis is produced is also discussed. Section 3 provides an overview of previous work on emphasis. This work, having been mostly phonological in nature, is dealt with in terms of its relatedness to the goal of the present study so as to give a clearer idea of the phonetic qualities of emphasis. Section 4 includes a detailed description of the present acoustic study. The results are presented in Section 5 and discussed in Section 6. The study is brought to a close with a discussion of the implications of the results in Section 7. 2. Emphasis
The Tradition of Change in Japan

Japan's slow growth in the 1990s has raised concerns that Japanese political and economic institutions are not responding effectively to domestic problems and increased global competition. But Japan's stagnant macroeconomic performance masks structural changes and economic reforms now underway. These changes are gradually transforming Japanese institutions from their traditional role as supports for catch-up growth to the needs of a mature economy. This paper is the introduction to a forthcoming volume that takes a forward-looking view at important trends for the coming decade and their implications for Japan, its markets and its relationship with the world.
Sexual Dimorphism of Coronary Artery Disease in a Low- and Intermediate-Risk Asymptomatic Population: Association with Coronary Vessel Wall Thickness at MRI in Women.

Purpose To demonstrate the association between coronary vessel wall thickness (VWT) measured at MRI and coronary artery disease (CAD) risk in asymptomatic groups at low and intermediate risk on the basis of Framingham score. Materials and Methods A total of 131 asymptomatic adults were prospectively enrolled. All participants underwent CT angiography for scoring CAD, and coronary VWT was measured at 3.0-T MRI. Nonlinear single and multivariable regression analyses with consideration for interaction with sex were performed to investigate the association of traditional atherosclerotic risk factors and VWT with CT angiography-based CAD scores. Results The analysis included 62 women and 62 men with low or intermediate Framingham score of less than 20%. Age (mean age, 45.0 years ± 14.5 [standard deviation]) and body mass index were not different between the groups. Age, sex, and VWT were individually significantly associated with all CT angiography-based CAD scores (P < .05). Additionally, sex was a significant effect modifier of the associations with all CAD scores. In men, age was the only statistically significant independent risk factor of CAD; in women, VWT was the only statistically significant independent surrogate associated with increased CAD scores (P < .05). Conclusion In asymptomatic women, VWT MRI was the primary independent surrogate of CAD, whereas age was the strongest risk factor in men. This study suggests that VWT may be used as a CAD surrogate in women at low or intermediate risk of CAD. Further longitudinal studies are required to determine the potential implication and use of this MRI technique for the preventative management of CAD in women. © RSNA, 2019.
Cooperative diversity with multiple relays using opportunistic beamforming

The performance of cooperative diversity with opportunistic beamforming is analyzed in rayleigh fading channels. Cooperative communication is viewed as a method for increasing diversity gain and reducing end to end path loss. The use of relays can create a virtual antenna array so that it allows users to exploit the advantages of multiple input multiple output (MIMO) techniques. In this paper we show that opportunistic beamforming is beneficial for cooperation transmission with multiple relays where the main goal is a very low bit error rate (BER)of the system. Simulation results confirm the effectiveness of opportunistic beamforming with cooperative diversity techniques.
Spinning test particles and clock effect in Kerr spacetime

We study the motion of spinning test particles in Kerr spacetime using the Mathisson–Papapetrou equations; we impose different supplementary conditions from the well-known conditions of Corinaldesi–Papapetrou, Pirani and Tulczyjew, and analyse their physical implications in order to decide which is the most natural to use. We find that if the particle's centre-of-mass world line, namely the one chosen for multipole reduction, is a spatially circular orbit (sustained by the tidal forces due to the spin), then the generalized momentum P of the test particle is also tangent to a spatially circular orbit intersecting the centre-of-mass line at a point. There exists one such orbit for each point of the centre-of-mass line where they intersect; although fictitious, these orbits are essential to define the properties of the spinning particle along its physical motion. In the small spin limit, the particle orbit is almost a geodesic and the difference in its angular velocity with respect to the geodesic value can be of arbitrary sign, corresponding to the possible spin-up and -down alignments along the z-axis. We also find that the choice of the supplementary conditions leads to clock effects of substantially different magnitude. In fact, for co- and counter-rotating particles having the same spin magnitude and orientation, the gravitomagnetic clock effect induced by the background metric can be magnified or inhibited and even suppressed by the contribution of the spin of individual particles. Quite surprisingly, this contribution can itself be made vanishingly small, leading to a clock effect indistiguishable from that of non-spinning particles. The results of our analysis can be observationally tested.
Assessment of the EPQ probability parameter for scientific articles publishing

This work presents the analysis of evaluation concerning the articles that are send to publication in academic journals, basing on additional parameters not resulting from essential value of the research work. Currently, majority of article verification algorithms is oriented on the selection of such works that are potentially more strongly influencing the international position of journal. For that purpose, editorial offices, and also reviewers, apply multi-criterion parametric evaluations and accepted parameters have often very subjective character. Presented work makes an attempt to identify used criterion functions i.e. defining evaluation parameters. These parameters were divided onto categories and there was proposed their preliminary verification basing on statistical analysis of already published articles in individual journals. Each parameter has attributed weight function, which allows to defined its impact on the total evaluation of article, and also adaptation of formula to any academic journal. Weight functions will be determined with usage of neural networks or genetic algorithms, aiming to their individual adaptation to particular journal.
A monocular vision based localizer

Utilization of low cost sensing is feasible in office like environments due to the regular man made structures. In this paper, we presented an algorithm, which exploits floor boundaries as a feature for robot localization. A colour based floor detection technique along with laser-like scan generation algorithm is proposed for feature extraction. Then an AMCL based localizer is used for robot localization. Experimental results in an office like environment shows the feasibility of the monocular vision based localization.
Development of a multidisciplinary method to determine risk factors for arm fracture in falls from playground equipment

Objectives: To present the development of a novel multidisciplinary method to investigate physical risk factors for playground related arm fracture. Rationale: Previous playground injury research has been limited in its ability to determine risk factors for arm fractures, despite their common and costly occurrence. Biomechanical studies have focused exclusively on head injury. Few epidemiological studies have quantified surface impact attenuation and none have investigated specific injury outcomes such as arm fracture. Design: An unmatched case-control study design was developed. An instrumented child dummy and rig were designed to simulate real playground falls in situ. Validated output from the dummy was used to quantify arm load. Other field measurements included equipment height, fall height, surface depth, headform deceleration, and head injury criterion. Discussion: Validated methods of biomechanics and epidemiology were combined in a robust design. The principle strength of this method was the use of a multidisciplinary approach to identify and quantify risk and protective factors for arm fracture in falls from playground equipment. Application of this method will enable countermeasures for prevention of playground related arm fracture to be developed.
Fail-stutter Behavior Characterization of NFS

This paper characterizes the fail-stutter behavior of NFS, using software faultinjection and performance benchmarking. The impact of partial faults on end-toend performance is studied and used to reason how we should build the fail-stutter model by considering performance faults. Future work includes constructing a detailed fail-stutter model for a particular workload, and studying how to exploit fail-stutter behaviors.
Control system design for a prosthetic leg using series damping actuator

Bio-Mechatronics is the field that deals with passive and active prosthetic limb design. The passive conventional prosthesis carries constant mechanical properties so that the motion of joints motion is not similar to that of humans while the active type prosthesis more realistically represents human motion. The latter is however, more expensive than passive prosthesis and consumes more energy. Semi-active type prosthesis is less expensive but its results are very much similar to that of active type prosthesis and it is a better solution to control the human gait artificially. This research is based on the design of a prosthetic leg that can simulate a pattern similar to that of a normal person's gait. The research is divided into two parts: calculation of kinematics and design of control system. The forward and inverse kinematics is computed to analyze the position, orientation and workspace for the leg. Series damping actuator is used to control the swing phase of the leg and P-Controller is designed to control the swing and joint force on knee. This paper shows that a semi active prosthetic limb can emulate a real limb and in order to control a prosthetic leg Series Damping Actuator (SDA) can be used as a means to adapt the pattern of normal human gait and the walking pattern can be controlled accordingly.
Loaded dice: games playing and the gendered barriers of the academy

ABSTRACT This paper explores the perceptions and experiences of women academics in the UK, participating in a small-scale qualitative study exploring career progression and encountered institutional obstacles. The accounts are considered in terms of both disadvantageous institutional strategies and interpersonal ones governing day-to-day working relationships. The findings contribute to a growing body of international research on gender constructions in the academy, where both inhibiting and exclusionary barriers are examined in focus group discussions (FGDs) in terms of gendered constructions that are perceived to impact upon the career opportunities of women academics. Analysis of data encouraged the employment of a ludic construction in this critical exploration of games playing and ‘gamesmanship’ (a masculinised term); these being themes raised in the FGDs as representing blocks and challenges to women’s academic careers.
Galilean Classification of Curves

In this paper, we classify space-time curves up to Galilean group of transformations with Cartan's method of equivalence. As an aim, we elicit invariats from action of special Galilean group on space-time curves, that are, in fact, conservation laws in physics. We also state a necessary and sufficient condition for equivalent Galilean motions.
Controlling the Field‐Effect Mobility of Regioregular Polythiophene by Changing the Molecular Weight

Semiconducting conjugated polymers are being developed for light-emitting diodes, [1,2] photovoltaic cells, [3,4] and thin-film transistors [5±7] because they can readily be deposited from solution onto almost any substrate. Clearly, it is important to maximize the charge carrier mobilities for all of these applications , especially for transistors and photovoltaic cells. Most conjugated polymers have hole mobilities in the range of 10 ±7 ±10 ±5 cm 2 V ±1 s ±1. The electron mobility is usually even lower because of traps with energies slightly below the lowest unoccupied molecular orbital (LUMO) level of the polymer. Poly(9,9¢-dioctylfluorene-co-2,2¢-bithiophene) (F8T2) has a higher hole mobility (as high as 10 ±2 cm 2 V ±1 s ±1) because of its liquid crystalline character. [8,9] Regioregular poly(3-hexyl-thiophene) (RR P3HT) has an even higher mobility (with quoted values as high as 10 ±1 cm 2 V ±1 s ±1) [10±12] because the regular arrangement of its side chains allows efficient p-stacking of the conjugated backbones. [11] Despite the achievements that have been made towards improving the mobility of conjugated polymers, much is still not known about how charge moves through the films and how the chain packing can be optimized to obtain even higher mobilities. Reported values for the mobilities in RR P3HT vary by orders of magnitude. [10±12] We now show a clear correlation between the field-effect mobility of RR P3HT and its molecular weight (MW) with mobility values increasing from 1.7  10 ±6 to 9.4  10 ±3 cm 2 V ±1 s ±1 as the MW is increased from 3.2 to 36.5 kD. These variations in MW are also accompanied by significant changes in film morphology. These observations probably explain why the mobility values obtained in different labs vary so widely and suggest that optimizing the MW of conjugated polymers could lead to significant improvements in device performance. Our studies were performed both on batches of RR P3HT that were synthesized in our laboratory by a modified McCul-lough route [13±15] and also with a commercial sample purchased from Aldrich, which was said to be prepared through the Rieke route. [16] MW control in our samples prepared by the modified McCullough route was achieved by adjusting the polymerization time. Since the commercial sample had a large polydispersity, we separated it into several low polydispersity fractions with different MWs through a series of Soxhlet extractions with solvents of increasing solvency (hexane, dichloromethane, and chloroform). …
Coordinate direction normalization using point cloud projection density for 3D ear

Human ear has been long proved to be a promising candidate for personal identification. Human ear, with its 3D structure stability and detail expressive, has drawn researchers' attention recently. The posture of ear always changes to the motion of head, it is necessary to normalize an ear to a standard posture to ensure the accuracy of feature extraction. This paper proposed a new coordinate direction normalization schema using 3D projection. It solves the problem of posture's variation without initial estimation. The experiments show that the method is very efficient, stable, fast, and it can also eliminate uncertainty existing in traditional method.
A latent class approach to investigating consumer demand for genetically modified staple food in a developing country: The case of GM bananas in Uganda

The International Food Policy Research Institute (IFPRI) was established in 1975. IFPRI is one of 15 agricultural research centers that receive principal funding from governments, private foundations, and international and regional organizations, most of which are members of the Consultative Group on International Agricultural Research (CGIAR). IFPRI's research, capacity strengthening, and communications work is made possible by its financial contributors and partners. IFPRI receives its principal funding from governments, private foundations, and international and regional organizations, most of which are members of the Consultative Group on International Agricultural Research (CGIAR). IFPRI gratefully acknowledges the generous unrestricted Notices 1 Effective January 2007, the Discussion Paper series within each division and the Director General's Office of IFPRI were merged into one IFPRI–wide Discussion Paper series. The new series begins with number 00689, reflecting the prior publication of 688 discussion papers within the dispersed series. The earlier series are available on IFPRI's website at 2 IFPRI Discussion Papers contain preliminary material and research results, and have been peer reviewed by at least two reviewers—internal and/or external. They are circulated in order to stimulate discussion and critical comment.
Linguistic Constraints on Statistical Computations

Speech is produced mainly in continuous streams containing several words. Listeners can use the transitional probability (TP) between adjacent and non-adjacent syllables to segment “words” from a continuous stream of artificial speech, much as they use TPs to organize a variety of perceptual continua. It is thus possible that a general-purpose statistical device exploits any speech unit to achieve segmentation of speech streams. Alternatively, language may limit what representations are open to statistical investigation according to their specific linguistic role. In this article, we focus on vowels and consonants in continuous speech. We hypothesized that vowels and consonants in words carry different kinds of information, the latter being more tied to word identification and the former to grammar. We thus predicted that in a word identification task involving continuous speech, learners would track TPs among consonants, but not among vowels. Our results show a preferential role for consonants in word identification.