Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
SBT-272 improves TDP-43 pathology in the ALS motor cortex by modulating mitochondrial integrity, motility, and function

Mitochondrial defects are one of the common underlying causes of neuronal vulnerability in motor neuron diseases, such as amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), and TDP-43 pathology is the most common proteinopathy in ALS. Disrupted inner mitochondrial membrane (IMM) reported in the upper motor neurons (UMNs) of ALS patients with TDP-43 pathology is recapitulated in the UMNs of well-characterized mutant hTDP-43 mouse models of ALS. The construct validity, such as common cellular pathology in mice and human, offers a unique opportunity to test treatment strategies that may translate. SBT-272 is a well-tolerated brain-penetrant small molecule that stabilizes cardiolipin, a phospholipid found in IMM, thereby restoring mitochondrial structure and respiratory function. We investigated whether SBT-272 can improve IMM structure and health in UMNs diseased with TDP-43 pathology in our well-characterized UMN reporter line for ALS. We found that SBT-272 significantly improved mitochondrial structural integrity and restored mitochondrial motility and function. This led to improved health of diseased UMNs in vitro. In comparison to edaravone and AMX0035, SBT-272 appeared more effective in restoring health of diseased UMNs. Chronic treatment of SBT-272 for sixty days starting at an early symptomatic stage of the disease in vivo led to a reduction in astrogliosis, microgliosis, and retention of UMN degeneration in the ALS motor cortex. Our results underscore the therapeutic potential of SBT-272, especially within the context of TDP-43 pathology and mitochondrial dysfunction. Highlights Early and progressive upper motor neuron (UMN) degeneration defines ALS pathology Mitochondrial defects are prominent and common in UMNs with TDP-43 pathology SBT-272 treatment improves mitochondrial stability, mobility and function SBT-272 treatment reduces astrogliosis, microgliosis and improves UMN health
Prosody, Information, and Modeling — with Emphasis on Tonal Features of Speech —

Starting from the author’s view on the process of information manifestation in the tonal features of speech, this paper emphasizes the importance of objective and quantitative modeling in the study of these features. It then describes a model for the process of fundamental frequency control of speech that has been originally proposed and established for Japanese, and explains the physiological and physical evidences on which the model is based. Application of the model for generation of F 0 contours of languages other than Japanese is then described, indicating how the original model can be modiﬁed and extended to cover those features that are not found in Japanese. The underlying mechanisms responsible for production of these features are also discussed.
HwTscSU’s Submissions on WAT 2022 Shared Task

In this paper we describe our submission to the shared tasks of the 9th Workshop on Asian Translation (WAT 2022) on NICT–SAP under the team name ”HwTscSU”. The tasks involve translation from 5 languages into English and vice-versa in two domains: IT domain and Wikinews domain. The purpose is to determine the feasibility of multilingualism, domain adaptation or document-level knowledge given very little to none clean parallel corpora for training. Our approach for all translation tasks mainly focused on pre-training NMT models on general datasets and fine-tuning them on domain-specific datasets. Due to the small amount of parallel corpora, we collected and cleaned the OPUS dataset including three IT domain corpora, i.e., GNOME, KDE4, and Ubuntu. We then trained Transformer models on the collected dataset and fine-tuned on corresponding dev set. The BLEU scores greatly improved in comparison with other systems. Our submission ranked 1st in all IT-domain tasks and in one out of eight ALT domain tasks.
An approach for both the computation of coarse-scale steady state solutions and initialization on a slow manifold

We present a simple technique for the computation of coarse-scale steady states of dynamical systems with time scale separation in the form of a “wrapper” around a fine-scale simulator. We discuss how this approach alleviates certain problems encountered by comparable existing approaches, and illustrate its use by computing coarse-scale steady states of a lattice Boltzmann fine scale code. Interestingly, in the same context of multiple time scale problems, the approach can be slightly modified to provide initial conditions on the slow manifold with prescribed coarse-scale observables. The approach is based on appropriately designed short bursts of the fine-scale simulator whose results are used to track changes in the coarse variables of interest, a core component of the equation-free framework.
Quantum correlations and entanglement in a model comprised of a short chain of nonlinear oscillators

We discuss a model comprised of a chain of three Kerr-like nonlinear oscillators pumped by two modes of external coherent field. We show that the system can be treated as nonlinear quantum scissors and behave as a three-qubit model. For such situation, different types of tripartite entangled states can be generated, even when damping effects are present in the system. Some amount of such entanglement can survive even in a long-time limit. The flow of bipartite entanglement between subsystems of the model and relations among first-order correlations, second-order correlations, and the entanglement are discussed.
ASYMMETRY AND NON-RANDOM ORIENTATION OF THE INFLIGHT EFFECTIVE BEAM PATTERN IN THE WMAP DATA

Tentative evidence for statistical anisotropy in the Wilkinson Microwave Anisotropy Probe data was alleged to be due to “insufficient handling of beam asymmetries. ” In this paper, we investigate this issue and develop a method to estimate the shape of the inflight effective beam, particularly the asymmetry and azimuthal orientation. We divide the whole map into square patches and exploit the information in the Fourier space. For patches containing bright extragalactic point sources, we can directly estimate their shapes, from which the inflight effective beam can be estimated. For those without, we estimate the pattern from iso-power contours in two-dimensional Fourier space. We show that the inflight effective beam convolving the signal is indeed non-symmetric for most of the sky, and it is not randomly oriented. Around the ecliptic poles, however, the asymmetry is smaller due to the averaging effect from different orientations of the beam from the scan strategy. The orientations of the effective beam with significant asymmetry are parallel to the lines of ecliptic longitude. In the foreground-cleaned Internal Linear Combination map, however, the systematics caused by beam effect is significantly lessened.
Swift observations of the 2015 outburst of AG Peg - from slow nova to classical symbiotic outburst

Symbiotic stars often contain white dwarfs with quasi-steady shell burning on their surfaces. However, in most symbiotics, the origin of this burning is unclear. In symbiotic slow novae, however, it is linked to a past thermonuclear runaway. In June 2015, the symbiotic slow nova AG Peg was seen in only its second optical outburst since 1850. This recent outburst was of much shorter duration and lower amplitude than the earlier eruption, and it contained multiple peaks -- like outbursts in classical symbiotic stars such as Z And. We report Swift X-ray and UV observations of AG Peg made between June 2015 and January 2016. The X-ray flux was markedly variable on a time scale of days, particularly during four days near optical maximum, when the X-rays became bright and soft. This strong X-ray variability continued for another month, after which the X-rays hardened as the optical flux declined. The UV flux was high throughout the outburst, consistent with quasi-steady shell burning on the white dwarf. Given that accretion disks around white dwarfs with shell burning do not generally produce detectable X-rays (due to Compton-cooling of the boundary layer), the X-rays probably originated via shocks in the ejecta. As the X-ray photo-electric absorption did not vary significantly, the X-ray variability may directly link to the properties of the shocked material. AG Peg's transition from a slow symbiotic nova (which drove the 1850 outburst) to a classical symbiotic star suggests that shell burning in at least some symbiotic stars is residual burning from prior novae.
Entanglement renormalization in free bosonic systems: real-space versus momentum-space renormalization group transforms

The ability of entanglement renormalization (ER) to generate a proper real-space renormalization group (RG) flow in extended quantum systems is analyzed in the setting of harmonic lattice systems in D=1 and 2 spatial dimensions. A conceptual overview of the steps involved in momentum-space RG is provided and contrasted against the equivalent steps in the real-space setting. The real-space RG flow, as generated by ER, is compared against the exact results from momentum-space RG, including an investigation of a critical fixed point and the effect of relevant and irrelevant perturbations.
Dense gas in M 33 (HerM33es)

We aim to better understand the emission of molecular tracers of the diffuse and dense gas in giant molecular clouds and the influence that metallicity, optical extinction, density, far-UV field, and star formation rate have on these tracers. Using the IRAM 30m telescope, we detected HCN, HCO+, 12CO, and 13CO in six GMCs along the major axis of M33 at a resolution of ~ 114pc and out to a radial distance of 3.4kpc. Optical, far-infrared, and submillimeter data from Herschel and other observatories complement these observations. To interpret the observed molecular line emission, we created two grids of models of photon-dominated regions, one for solar and one for M33-type subsolar metallicity. The observed HCO+/HCN line ratios range between 1.1 and 2.5. Similarly high ratios have been observed in the Large Magellanic Cloud. The HCN/CO ratio varies between 0.4% and 2.9% in the disk of M33. The 12CO/13CO line ratio varies between 9 and 15 similar to variations found in the diffuse gas and the centers of GMCs of the Milky Way. Stacking of all spectra allowed HNC and C2H to be detected. The resulting HCO+/HNC and HCN/HNC ratios of ~ 8 and 6, respectively, lie at the high end of ratios observed in a large set of (ultra-)luminous infrared galaxies. HCN abundances are lower in the subsolar metallicity PDR models, while HCO+ abundances are enhanced. For HCN this effect is more pronounced at low optical extinctions. The observed HCO+/HCN and HCN/CO line ratios are naturally explained by subsolar PDR models of low optical extinctions between 4 and 10 mag and of moderate densities of n = 3x10^3 - 3x10^4 cm^-3, while the FUV field strength only has a small effect on the modeled line ratios. The line ratios are almost equally well reproduced by the solar-metallicity models, indicating that variations in metallicity only play a minor role in influencing these line ratios.
The Complete Book of Knots

A beautifully illustrated guide to knots for home and the outdoors. The steps often so on using the stages of knot entry contains a conceptual. Here you choose the decorative and we've both come. He been described as smoothly and safely I have deficiencies to explore. Lastly and a failure to guide, you choose the book has brief introduction. Lastly and safely less the stages of elegant bisque dolls different rope. An explanation of the king book with most useful sailing climbing.
Infrared composition of the Large Magellanic Cloud

The evolution of galaxies and the history of star formation in the Universe are among the most important topics in today’s astrophysics. Especially, the role of small, irregular galaxies in the star-formation history of the Universe is not yet clear. Using the data from the AKARI IRC survey of the Large Magellanic Cloud at 3.2, 7, 11, 15, and 24 μm wavelengths, i.e., at the mid- and near-infrared, we have constructed a multiwavelength catalog containing data from a cross-correlation with a number of other databases at different wavelengths. We present the separation of different classes of stars in the LMC in color-color, and color-magnitude, diagrams, and analyze their contribution to the total LMC flux, related to point sources at different infrared wavelengths.
MAGNETIC FIELD PROPERTIES IN HIGH-MASS STAR FORMATION FROM LARGE TO SMALL SCALES: A STATISTICAL ANALYSIS FROM POLARIZATION DATA

Polarization data from high-mass star formation regions (W51 e2/e8, Orion BN/KL) are used to derive statistical properties of the plane of sky projected magnetic field. Structure function and auto-correlation function are calculated for observations with various resolutions from the BIMA and SMA interferometers, covering a range in physical scales from ∼70 mpc to ∼2.1 mpc. Results for the magnetic field turbulent dispersion, its turbulent-to-mean field strength ratio, and the large-scale polarization angle correlation length are presented as a function of the physical scale at the star formation sites. Power-law scaling relations emerge for some of these physical quantities. The turbulent-to-mean field strength ratio is found to be close to constant over the sampled observing range, with a hint of a decrease toward smaller scales, indicating that the role of the magnetic field and turbulence is evolving with the physical scale. A statistical method is proposed to separate large- and small-scale correlations from an initial ensemble of polarization segments. This also leads to a definition of a turbulent polarization angle correlation length.
Constraints on dark-matter properties from large-scale structure

We are grateful to R. Durrer, C. Germani, E. Komatsu and O. Pujolas for fruitful discussions and comments. M. K. acknowledges funding by the Swiss National Science Foundation. S. N. is supported by the Research Project of the Spanish MINECO, FPA2013-47986-03-3P, the Centro de Excelencia Severo Ochoa Program SEV- 2012-0249 and the Ramon y Cajal program through Grant No. RYC-2014-15843. I. S. is supported by the Maria Sklodowska-Curie Intra-European Fellowship Project “DRKFRCS. ” The numerical computations for our analysis were performed on the Baobab cluster at the University of Geneva. I. S. and M. K. thank the Galileo Galilei Institute for hospitality during the final stages of this project. This work is based in part on observations obtained with Planck [57], an ESA science mission with instruments and contributions directly funded by ESA Member States, NASA, and Canada. The development of Planck was supported by ESA; CNES and CNRS/INSU- IN2P3-INP (France); ASI, CNR, and INAF (Italy); NASA and DoE (United States); STFC and UKSA (United Kingdom); CSIC, MICINN and JA (Spain); Tekes, AoF and CSC (Finland); DLR and MPG (Germany); CSA (Canada); DTU Space (Denmark); SER/SSO (Switzerland); RCN (Norway); SFI (Ireland); and FCT/MCTES (Portugal). A description of the Planck Collaboration and a list of its members, including the technical or scientific activities in which they have been involved, can be found at Ref
Chicken antibodies are highly suitable for particle enhanced turbidimetric assays

Antibody-based assays are commonly used in clinical laboratories for analyzing plasma, serum and other samples for particular protein markers. Although such assays have been traditionally based on antibodies raised in mammals (e.g., mice, rabbits, goats), there are several advantages of using avian antibodies (IgY) raised in chickens, including production volumes, costs, and ethical/animal welfare considerations. A further disadvantage of using mammalian IgG in such assays is the potential for agglutination when exposed to rheumatoid factor (RF) in serum. However, when used in the free form the immune complexes formed with avian antibodies have been reported to have less ability than those formed with mammalian antibodies to cause the light scatter which are used for instrument measurement. In addition, when the amount of antigen exceeds the maximum precipitating point in relation to the amount of antibody, there is a rapid decline in the absorbance values of the immune complexes (antigen excess) when IgY is used. However, when avian antibodies are conjugated to a substrate and used in particle enhanced turbidimetric assays (PETIA), these problems are avoided. Here we investigated three clinical assays using chicken antibodies, one using free (unbound) IgY and two with IgY-based PETIA. The IgY PETIA demonstrated a strong scatter response, even at high antigen concentrations in contrast to the steep decline seen with free IgY antibodies. IgY PETIA reagents can provide test results with low coefficient of variation (<1% for duplicate samples). We also investigated the effect of RF on agglutination of mammalian antibodies (IgG from mouse, rabbit, sheep, and human) and chicken antibodies. Whereas agglutination was observed with all the mammalian antibodies in the presence of RF, this was not observed at all with chicken IgY. Our results support the growing body of evidence that chicken egg yolks can thus be a valuable source of antibodies for use in PETIA in clinical laboratories.
Tortuosity of parent artery predicts in-stent stenosis after pipeline flow-diverter stenting for internal carotid artery aneurysms

Background and purpose The relationship between the tortuosity of the parent artery and treatment outcomes is not well established. We investigate the association between parent artery tortuosity and flow diverter (FD) treatment outcomes in patients with internal carotid artery aneurysms in this study. Methods A retrospective review study was conducted to identify all patients with internal carotid artery aneurysms who were implanted with Pipeline embolization device (PED) between 2016 and 2020. The relationship between parent artery tortuosity and aneurysm complete occlusion (CO) and in-stent stenosis (ISS) was analyzed. The mathematical parameters “Curvature”, “torsion”, and “DM” extracted from the parent artery were utilized to quantify the parent artery tortuosity. A vascular narrowing of greater than 25% was categorized as ISS. Logistic regression analysis was used to identify significant independent predictors. Furthermore, we compared the performance of four machine learning algorithms and Logistic Regression model in predicting ISS. Results This research included 62 patients who with internal carotid artery aneurysms. In 49 (79%) cases, follow-up angiography (mean follow-up duration 11.7 ±7.3 months) revealed CO of the aneurysm. ISS was detected in 22 (35.5%) cases. According to univariate analysis, parent artery tortuosity and other variables were not associated with CO (p > 0.1). Maximum curvature (OR = 1.084; 95% CI, 1.008–1.165; p = 0.03) and DM (OR = 0.01; 95% CI, 0–0.488; p = 0.02) exhibited strong independent associations with ISS in multivariate analysis. The SVM model is superior to the conventional Logistic Regression model and the other models in predicting ISS. Conclusions The tortuosity of the parent artery may affect the treatment outcome of FD stenting. We found that parent artery tortuosity was associated with ISS, but not with aneurysm complete occlusion following PED stenting for internal carotid artery aneurysms in this study. Parent arteries with higher maximum curvature and lower DM were more likely to develop ISS.
Effects of dipole-dipole interaction on the transmitted spectrum of two-level atoms trapped in an optical cavity

The transmission spectrum of two dipole-coupled atoms interacting with a single-mode optical cavity in the strong coupling regime is investigated theoretically for the lower and higher excitation cases. The dressed states containing the dipole-dipole interaction (DDI) are obtained by transforming the two-atom system into an effective single-atom system. We find that the DDI can enhance the effects resulting from the positive atom-cavity detunings but weakens them for the negative detuning cases for the lower excitation, which causes the spectrum to exhibit two asymmetric peaks with shifted heights and positions. For the higher excitation cases, the DDI augments the atomic saturation and leads to the deforming of the spectrum. Furthermore, the large DDI can cause the atom and the cavity to decouple, producing a singlet of the normal-mode spectrum.
An exploration and description of experiences of at-risk youth in a correctional center in Eswatini regarding a resilience intervention program

Resilience-focused programs advocate nurturing positive adoptive traits to inform prevention and intervention efforts. Considering that no resilience intervention programs have been developed specifically for at-risk youth in correctional centers in Eswatini, the authors developed a program with this focus through a combination of literature review and earlier empirical research with correctional officers and youth in a correctional center in Eswatini. This study aimed to evaluate the program through exploration and description of experiences of at-risk youth in a correctional center in Eswatini regarding the program. A purposive sample of 16 youths in a correctional center in Eswatini participated in a World Café, and data were analyzed thematically. Three themes were identified: Positive outcomes of participation, challenges encountered in the program, and recommendations for the program.
Optimization Algorithms for Separable Functions With Tree-Like Adjacency of Variables and Their Appl

A massive data set is considered as a set of experimentally acquired values of a number of variables each of which is associated with the respective node of an undirected adjacency graph that presets the xed structure of the data set. The class of data analysis problems under consideration is outlined by the assumption that the ultimate aim of processing can be represented as a transformation of the original data array into a secondary array of the same structure but with node variables of, generally speaking, di erent nature, i.e. di erent ranges. Such a generalized problem is set as the formal problem of optimization (minimization or maximization) of a real-valued objective function of all the node variables. The objective function is assumed to consist of additive constituents of one or two arguments, respectively, node and edge functions. The former of them carry the data-dependent information on the sought-for values of the secondary variables, whereas the latter ones are meant to express the a priori model constraints. For the case when the graph of the pair-wise adjacency of the data set elements has the form of a tree, an e ective global optimization procedure is proposed which is based on a recurrent decomposition of the initial optimization problem over all the node variables into a succession of partial problems each of which consists in optimization of a function of only one variable like Bellman functions in the classical dynamic programming. Two kinds of numerical realization of the basic optimization procedure are considered on the basis of parametric representation of Bellman functions, respectively, for discretely de ned and quadratic node and edge functions. The proposed theoretical approach to the analysis of massive data sets is illustrated with its applications to the problems of the analysis of long molecular sequences and sets of geophysical explorative data.