Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Hypoglycemia: Incidence and Clinical Predictors in a Large Population-Based Sample of Children and Adolescents with IDDM

OBJECTIVE To determine the frequency of moderate and severe hypoglycemia and to identify clinical predictors associated with its occurrence in a large population-based sample of children and adolescents with IDDM. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS A total of 657 patients (age: 12.1 ± 4.4 years, mean ± SD) were included in the study, yielding 1,449 patient-years of data. A prospective assessment of severe hypoglycemia (an event resulting in a seizure or coma) and moderate hypoglycemia (an event requiring assistance of another, excluding severe episodes) was made over a 3-year period. Patients and caregivers detailed episodes of significant hypoglycemia (moderate and severe events) and these were recorded at each 3-month clinic visit along with HbA1c. Data were analyzed using generalized estimating equation models fitted with the exchange correlation structure. RESULTS The overall incidence of severe events was 4.8/100 patient-years and of moderate events was 13.1/100 patient-years. Over 3 years, severe events occurred in 8.5% of children and moderate events occurred in 26.9%. Significant hypoglycemia was rare in the first 12 months after diagnosis. Rates of hypoglycemia were increased in children < 6 years of age versus > 6 years of age (40.9 vs. 16.6/100 patient-years, age ≤6 years vs. age > 6 years, P < 0.001). Rates of hypoglycemia doubled when HbA1c fell below 8%, and children with HbA1c < 7% had a threefold increase in both moderate and severe hypoglycemia (e.g., severe episodes 14.9 vs. 4.1/100 patient-years, HbA1c ≤ 7% vs. HbA1c > 7%, P < 0.001). Most severe events were seizures, and 75% of them occurred at night. The majority of events were related to missed meals or increased activity. However, in 38% no predisposing factor was evident. CONCLUSIONS Newly diagnosed children appear to be protected from severe hypoglycemia. Rates increase with lower glycated hemoglobin, especially when mean HbA1c is < 8.0%. Younger children, who may be more susceptible to the adverse effects of neuroglycopenia, are at a particular risk of significant hypoglycemia.
Structure and sequence analysis of Yersinia YadA and Moraxella UspAs reveal a novel class of adhesins

The non‐fimbrial adhesins, YadA of enteropathogenic Yersinia species, and UspA1 and UspA2 of Moraxella catarrhalis, are established pathogenicity factors. In electron micrographs, both surface proteins appear as distinct ‘lollipop’‐shaped structures forming a novel type of surface projection on the outer membranes. These structures, amino acid sequence analysis of these molecules and yadA gene manipulation suggest a tripartite organization: an N‐terminal oval head domain is followed by a putative coiled‐coil rod and terminated by a C‐terminal membrane anchor domain. In YadA, the head domain is involved in autoagglutination and binding to host cells and collagen. Analysis of the coiled‐coil segment of YadA revealed unusual pentadecad repeats with a periodicity of 3.75, which differs significantly from the 3.5 periodicity found in the Moraxella UspAs and other canonical coiled coils. These findings predict that the surface projections are formed by oligomers containing right‐ (Yersinia) or left‐handed (Moraxella) coiled coils. Strikingly, sequence comparison revealed that related proteins are found in many proteobacteria, both human pathogenic and environmental species, suggesting a common role in adaptation to specific ecological niches.
Documentation of burkitt lymphoma with t(8;14) (q24;q32) in x‐linked lymphoproliferative disease

Background. Acquired hypogammaglobulinemia or agammaglobulinemia, aplastic anemia, chronic or fatal infectious mononucleosis (IM), virus‐associated hemophagocytic syndrome, and variety of B‐cell malignant lymphomas (ML) develop in boys with X‐linked lympho‐proliferative disease (XLP) after infection by the Epstein‐Barr virus (EBV). They have an inherited immunodeficiency to EBV. Approximately 80% of the patients die during childhood and 100% by the age of 40. The ML occurring in patients with XLP are different from those of other populations in that there is maternal family history of males with phenotypes of XLP, particularly ML involving the ileocecal region.
Synchrotron X-ray Diffraction from a Microscopic Single Crystal Under Pressure

Metallic filaments with submicrometer diametere have been fabricated. Standard diffraction techniques with conventional x-ray sources were unsuccessful in identifying the structure of these materials. However, with the use of synchrotron radiation produced on a wiggler beam line, diffraction data were obtained in measurement periods as short as 10 milliseconds. Two cylindrical single crystals of bismuth were studied, each with a diameter of 0.22 � 0.02 micrometer. The volume of sample illuminated for these measurements was 0.38 cubic micrometer, less than 0.5 femtoliter. The crystals are grown in glass capillaries, and, because bismuth expands on solidification, they are under a residual hoop stress. The crystallographic data indicate the presence of a linear compressive strain of about 2 percent, which is assumed to be the result of a residual stress of about 2 gigapascals.
EFFECTS OF ARGININE VASOPRESSIN, ANGIOTENSIN II AND ENDOTHELIN‐1 ON THE RELEASE OF BRAIN NATRIURETIC PEPTIDE IN VIVO AND IN VITRO

1. The stimulatory effects of the vasoactive peptides arginine vasopressin (AVP), angiotensin II (AII) and endothelin‐1 (ET‐1) on the release of brain natriuretic peptide (BNP) were investigated in anaesthetized rats and in cultured rat atrial and ventricular cardiocytes.
Teacher perceptions of factors influencing implementation of Science in the New Zealand Curriculum

[Extract] The recent release of findings from New Zealand's participation in the Third International Mathematics and Science Study (TIMSS) has revealed the disturbing level of science achievement by Form 2 and Form 3 students and associated concerns with science programme delivery in general. An evaluation of the teachers who participated in TIMSS suggests that, on average, 7% of the total instructional time for Form 2 students is devoted to science and that several factors are inhibiting the implementation and quality of science education in New Zealand schools. This report further examines these statements and is the second of a three-part survey of 122 primary/intermediate/Kura Kaupapa teachers in the Central Districts of the North Island of New Zealand. In this part of the survey, teachers were asked to identify the factors that they perceived were hindering and/or promoting the implementation of Science in the New Zealand Curriculum and the quality of science education programmes in general.
Landscape effects on the contemporary genetic structure of Ruffed Grouse (Bonasa umbellus) populations

Abstract The amount of dispersal that occurs among populations can be limited by landscape heterogeneity, which is often due to both natural processes and anthropogenic activity leading to habitat loss or fragmentation. Understanding how populations are structured and mapping existing dispersal corridors among populations is imperative to both determining contemporary forces mediating population connectivity, and informing proper management of species with fragmented populations. Furthermore, the contemporary processes mediating gene flow across heterogeneous landscapes on a large scale are understudied, particularly with respect to widespread species. This study focuses on a widespread game bird, the Ruffed Grouse (Bonasa umbellus), for which we analyzed samples from the western extent of the range. Using three types of genetic markers, we uncovered multiple factors acting in concert that are responsible for mediating contemporary population connectivity in this species. Multiple genetically distinct groups were detected; microsatellite markers revealed six groups, and a mitochondrial marker revealed four. Many populations of Ruffed Grouse are genetically isolated, likely by macrogeographic barriers. Furthermore, the addition of landscape genetic methods not only corroborated genetic structure results, but also uncovered compelling evidence that dispersal resistance created by areas of unsuitable habitat is the most important factor mediating population connectivity among the sampled populations. This research has important implications for both our study species and other inhabitants of the early successional forest habitat preferred by Ruffed Grouse. Moreover, it adds to a growing body of evidence that isolation by resistance is more prevalent in shaping population structure of widespread species than previously thought.
Nonsperm cells in human semen: with special reference to seminal leukocytes and their possible influence on fertility.

Nonspermatozoal cells (NSC) in semen, including immature germ cells, leukocytes (WBC) and epithelial cells, are normally found in a concentration less than 15% of the sperm concentration. Cytological staining methods and immunoenzymatic assays for characterization of seminal WBC and methods for detection of various enzymes from WBC are evaluated. Criteria for abnormally high levels of WBC in semen, caused by exogenic factors (e.g., infection) and possibly by endogenic factors (e.g., abnormal sperm), are discussed. Leukocytospermia is associated with reduced in vitro fertilization rate, and experimentally-measured sperm functions (e.g., motility) are inhibited by high concentrations of certain WBC products (e.g., reactive oxygen species and interferon-gamma). At the present stage, the following procedures could be used to evaluate WBC in ejaculates from infertile patients: (1) count the number of NSC using a hemocytometer. (2) Determine the number of WBC in percentage of NSC in smears using the Papanicolaou staining technique, or an immuno-enzymatic assay using monoclonal antibodies to the different kinds of WBC. (3) If, abnormally high levels of WBC (according to the WHO criteria or based on a percentile determined from examination of normal, fertile men) is detected, a second ejaculate should be examined 3 months later. (4) Persistent leukocytospermia should indicate physical and microbiological examinations, after which antibiotic treatment may be indicated.
Influence of cortisol and DHEA-S on pain and other symptoms in post menopausal women with fibromyalgia.

OBJECTIVE This study aims to assess cortisol and dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate (DHEA-S) levels in post-menopausal women with FMS and correlate it with pain threshold and tolerance, depression and quality of life. METHODS We conducted a cross sectional observational study of 17 women with FMS (FMS group), and 19 healthy volunteers (CT group). Algometry, the Beck Depression Index (BDI) and Fibromyalgia Impact Questionnaire (FIQ) were used. Blood samples were collected in the morning (8:00-9:30 am) to determine cortisol and DHEA-S plasmatic levels by chemiluminescence. RESULTS Significant differences between groups were recorded for pain threshold and tolerance (p< 0.0001), BDI (p< 0.0001) and all FIQ parameters (p< 0.0001). No significant differences in cortisol levels were found between the two groups (p=0.325). In the FMS group, a tangential effect was observed for DHEA-S (p=0.094) and positive correlations were found between DHEA-S, pain threshold (p=0.017) and pain tolerance (p=0.044). No correlation was observed between cortisol and DHEA-S levels and the variables of depression and quality of life for either group. CONCLUSIONS There seems to be an influence of the decreased levels of DHEA-S and increased pain sensitivity in post-menopausal women with FMS.
Ancient ontogenies: larval development of the Lower Cretaceous anuran Shomronella jordanica (Amphibia: Pipoidea)

SUMMARY The Lower Cretaceous anuran Shomronella jordanica (Pipoidea) is represented by an assemblage of nearly 300 tadpoles of different ages. The size of the assemblage allows a reconstruction of the larval ontogeny of this species. We describe the ossification sequence and growth rates of S. jordanica and present reconstructions of tadpoles at different stages. The ontogeny of the species seems to be similar to that of extant pipids in many aspects. Larvae are similar in shape and size to those of Xenopus laevis but lack the anterior barbels that are typical for all extant pipids. The ossification sequence is closer to that of pipids than to that of other anurans. We present evidence that suggests that this species was terrestrial as an adult, and we discuss the implications of these data for the evolution of anuran development.
The Treatment of Psychotic Major Depressive Disorder with Drugs and Electroconvulsive Therapy

A retrospective chart review of 54 patients demonstrating depression with psychotic symptoms was accomplished with the use of Research Diagnostic Criteria (RDC) for diagnosis of psychotic major affective disorder. Patients received adequate trials of either tricyclic antidepressants alone, antipsychotics, the two in combination, or electroconvulsive therapy (ECT). Antidepressants alone were found to be ineffective or only partially effective in treating psychotic depression unless somatic or depressive delusions were the only psychotic symptoms. Antipsychotics alone were usually effective in providing at least a partial response, particularly with psychotic symptoms. Excellent responses of the depressive and psychotic elements were provided with ECT, ECT with antipsychotic medication, and the combination of antidepressant and antipsychotic medications. These latter treatments may be the most appropriate for depression with psychotic features.
Epidermal nerve fiber density: normative reference range and diagnostic efficiency.

BACKGROUND The sensitivity of neuron-specific antibodies permit the identification of the small unmyelinated nerve fibers within the skin. OBJECTIVES To develop a reference range of epidermal nerve fiber density in humans, and to evaluate their diagnostic efficiency for sensory neuropathies. METHODS Ninety-eight normal controls (age range, 13-82 years) were examined with both directed neurologic examinations and quantitative sensory testing. The diagnostic utility was examined in 20 patients with sensory neuropathies. Each subject had 2 punch biopsies performed at each site in the thigh and distal part of the leg (total of 392 biopsies). After formalin fixation, 50-microm-thick free-floating sections were stained with a polyclonal antibody to neuron-specific ubiquitin hydrolase, anti-protein gene product 9.5. We enumerated intraepidermal nerve fibers per millimeter to derive a "linear density. " The linear density technique was validated against a stereological technique that used the fractionator to measure the total length of intraepidermal nerve fibers per 3-mm punch. RESULTS The biopsy technique was well tolerated, with no notable complications. The linear density quantitation was rapid and had high intraobserver and interobserver reliability. We determined that the density of intraepidermal fibers in normal controls was 21.1+/-10.4 per millimeter (mean +/- SD) in the thigh (fifth percentile, 5.2 per millimeter), and was 13.8+/-6.7 per millimeter at the distal part of the leg (fifth percentile, 3.8 per millimeter). Significantly higher intraepidermal fiber densities were seen in the youngest group (P = .004), and we observed no significant effect of race, sex, height, or weight. The density at the thigh was significantly correlated with that at the distal part of the leg (P = .01) and was consistently higher by about 60%, a reflection of the normal proximal-distal gradient. The results obtained with stereology and the linear density correlated significantly (P=.001), providing internal validation for the technique. Epidermal nerve fiber density was significantly reduced (P = .001) in patients with sensory neuropathies. With a cutoff derived from the fifth percentile of the normative range for the distal part of the leg, the technique had a positive predictive value of 75%, a negative predictive value of 90%, and a diagnostic efficiency of 88%. CONCLUSIONS We have established a reference range for intraepidermal nerve fiber density in normal humans by means of a simple quantitation method based on enumeration of individual intraepidermal nerve fibers on vertical sections of punch skin biopsy specimens stained with the sensitive panaxonal marker anti-protein gene product 9.5. The utility of the density measurement was confirmed for sensory neuropathy with a diagnostic efficiency of 88%. Skin biopsies may be useful to assess the spatial distribution of involvement in peripheral nerve disease and the response to neurotrophic and other restorative therapies.
NY-ESO-1 DNA Vaccine Induces T-Cell Responses That Are Suppressed by Regulatory T Cells

Purpose: Different vaccination strategies against the NY-ESO-1 antigen have been employed in an attempt to induce antitumor immune responses. Antigen-specific effector T-cell responses have been reported in a subset of vaccinated patients; however, these responses have not consistently correlated with disease regression. Here, we report for the first time clinical and immune responses generated by the NY-ESO-1 DNA vaccine administered by particle-mediated epidermal delivery to cancer patients. Experimental Design: Eligible patients received treatment with the NY-ESO-1 DNA vaccine. Clinical outcomes and immune responses were assessed. Results: The NY-ESO-1 DNA vaccine was safely administered and induced both antigen-specific effector CD4 and/or CD8 T-cell responses in 93% (14 of 15) of patients who did not have detectable pre-vaccine immune responses. Despite the induction of antigen-specific T-cell responses, clinical outcomes consisted predominantly of progressive disease. Detectable effector T-cell responses were inconsistent and did not persist in all patients after completion of the scheduled vaccinations. However, high-avidity CD4 T-cell responses that were either undetectable pre-vaccine or found to be diminished at a later time during the clinical trial were detected in certain patients' samples after in vitro depletion of regulatory T cells. Conclusions: Regulatory T cells play a role in diminishing vaccine-induced antigen-specific effector T-cell responses in cancer patients. The NY-ESO-1 DNA vaccine represents a feasible immunotherapeutic strategy to induce antigen-specific T-cell responses. Counteracting regulatory T-cell activity before vaccination may lead to prolonged effector T-cell responses and possibly antitumor responses in cancer patients.
Disruption in cytokine and chemokine production by T‐cells in vertically HIV‐1‐infected children

This study measured cytokine production by mitogen‐stimulated peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) from 55 human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)‐infected children born to HIV‐infected mothers, and compared it with vertically exposed but uninfected age‐matched children. A significant defect was observed in Th1 cytokine production [interferon‐γ and interleukin‐2 (IL‐2)] in HIV‐infected children compared with controls, but without a concomitant increase in Th2 cytokines. Indeed, IL‐5 and IL‐10 production was even lower in HIV‐infected children than in controls, with the decrease in IL‐5 being the best predictive marker of immunodeficiency. In addition, an increased release of tumour necrosis factor‐a (TNF‐a) that correlated well with CD4+ levels, and a positive correlation of the TNF‐α/IL‐10 ratio with disease progression was observed. A correlation between AIDS‐free status and higher %CD4+ and %CD8+ T‐lymphocytes and RANTES (regulated on activation, normal T‐cell expressed and secreted) production was also found.
T cell responses in hepatitis C: the good, the bad and the unconventional

Over recent years, it has become increasingly accepted that virus-specific CD4+ and CD8+ T cell responses play a major role in outcome and pathogenesis of hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection. Indeed, while the emergence of strong and multispecific T cell responses may correlate with spontaneous viral clearance, the virus has developed several mechanisms to avoid T cell control in the majority of acutely HCV-infected patients that subsequently develop persistent HCV infection. In this review, we will discuss the current knowledge about the role of cellular immune responses in HCV infection. Specifically, we will emphasise recent new insights into the effector functions of T cells, possible mechanisms of their failure and the host–virus interactions occurring at the site of the disease, the liver.
Preferensi usaha kecil dan mikro di pasar baru cikarang dalam memilih akses pembiayaan

Preference of Micro and Small Enterprise in Pasar Baru Cikarang In Selecting Financing Access. The aim of this research is to measure the micro and small entreprise preference in Pasar Baru Cikarang in selecting of conventional or shariah financing access with using 100 responden. The Method that used in this research is binary logistic regression and descriptive analysis. There are two result of this research, first, the factor that influence the micro and small enterprise preference are the lower interest/yield, diverse product, financing plafond, and presence a guidance of business development. Second, the micro and small medium enterprise in Pasar Baru Cikarang is more preferrable access in conventional financial institution. DOI: 10.15408/aiq.v6i1. 1365
Medical School Mission Statements as Reflections of Institutional Identity and Educational Purpose: A Network Text Analysis

Purpose A medical school’s mission statement (MS) is an expression of its vision and a reflection of the broader social environment in which it is embedded. The authors examine how the institutional identity of U.S. medical education is projected through the MSs of all U.S. MD-granting medical schools. In addition, the authors examine the extent to which differences between subsets of schools (public versus private; research-intensive versus “social mission”-oriented) are reflected in their respective MSs. Method Whereas existing studies have typically sought to uncover core themes using content-analytic approaches, for this 2011 study the authors combined text analysis with network analysis to elaborate core concepts within larger networks of meaning across MSs. They computed measures of centrality (i.e., density or “connectivity”) for each concept and presented the aggregations of MSs as semantic networks (i.e., representations or maps of the relationships among concepts). Results Analysis across all MSs revealed a dense set of ties among a core set of concepts, indicating a general uniformity among all medical schools; however, the authors identified appreciable differences within subsets of MSs (public versus private and research-intensive versus social-mission-focused). Conclusions MSs of U.S. medical schools are meaningful statements about values and direction. The use of social network text analysis provides an innovative method for understanding the structure of meaning within MSs and, potentially, how these documents might speak to institutional performance outcomes.