Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
A Hyper-heuristic with Learning Automata for the Traveling Tournament Problem

In this paper we propose a new learning hyper-heuristic that is composed of a simple selection mechanism based on a learning automaton and a new acceptance mechanism, i.e., the Iteration Limited Threshold Accepting criterion. This hyper-heuristic is applied to the challenging Traveling Tournament Problem. We show that the new hyper-heuristic method, even with a small number of low-level heuristics, consistently outperforms another hyper-heuristic without any learning device. Moreover, the learning hyper-heuristic method, although very general, generates high-quality solutions for the tested Traveling Tournament Problem benchmarks.
Atomium: The astounding complexity of the near circumstellar environment of the M-type AGB star R Hydrae. I. Morpho-kinematical interpretation of CO and SiO emission

Evolved low- to intermediate-mass stars are known to shed their gaseous envelope into a large, dusty, molecule-rich circumstellar nebula which typically develops a high degree of structural complexity. Most of the large-scale, spatially correlated structures in the nebula are thought to originate from the interaction of the stellar wind with a companion. As part of the Atomium large programme, we observed the M-type asymptotic giant branch (AGB) star R Hydrae with ALMA. The morphology of the inner wind of R Hya, which has a known companion at ~3500 au, was determined from maps of CO and SiO obtained at high angular resolution. A map of the CO emission reveals a multi-layered structure consisting of a large elliptical feature at an angular scale of ~10'' that is oriented along the north-south axis. The wind morphology within the elliptical feature is dominated by two hollow bubbles. The bubbles are on opposite sides of the AGB star and lie along an axis with a position angle of ~115 deg. Both bubbles are offset from the central star, and their appearance in the SiO channel maps indicates that they might be shock waves travelling through the AGB wind. An estimate of the dynamical age of the bubbles yields an age of the order of 100 yr, which is in agreement with the previously proposed elapsed time since the star last underwent a thermal pulse. When the CO and SiO emission is examined on subarcsecond angular scales, there is evidence for an inclined, differentially rotating equatorial density enhancement, strongly suggesting the presence of a second nearby companion. The position angle of the major axis of this disc is ~70 deg in the plane of the sky. We tentatively estimate that a lower limit on the mass of the nearby companion is ~0.65 Msol on the basis of the highest measured speeds in the disc and the location of its inner rim at ~6 au from the AGB star.
Systems of functions orthogonal in the sense of Sobolev associated with Haar functions and the Cauchy problem for ODEs

We consider systems of functions Xr,n(x) (r = 1, 2, . . . , n = 0, 1, . . .), generated by Haar functions χn(x) (n = 1, 2, . . .), that form the Sobolev orthonormal system with respect to the scalar product of the following form < f, g >= ∑r−1 ν=0 f (0)g(0) + ∫ 1 0 f (t)g(x)dx. It is shown that the Fourier series and sums with respect to the system Xr,n(x) (n = 0, 1, . . .) are a convenient and very e ective tool for the approximate solution of the Cauchy problem for ordinary di erential equations (ODEs). Bibliography: 23 items.
Analysis of second order and unconditionally stable BDF2‐AB2 method for the Navier‐Stokes equations with nonlinear time relaxation

In this study, we first consider a second order time stepping finite element BDF2‐AB2 method for the Navier‐Stokes equations (NSE). We prove that the method is unconditionally stable and O ( Δ t 2 ) accurate. Second, we consider a nonlinear time relaxation model which consists of adding a term “ κ | u − u ¯ | ( u − u ¯ ) ” to the Navier‐Stokes Equations with the algorithm depends on BDF2‐AB2 method. We prove that this method is unconditionally stable, too. We applied the BDF2‐AB2 method to several numeral experiments including flow around the cylinder. We have also applied BDF2‐AB2 method with nonlinear time relaxation to some problems. It is observed that when the equilibrium errors are high, applying BDF2‐AB2 with nonlinear time relaxation method to the problem yields lower equilibrium errors.
Perfect powers in arithmetical progression (II)

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Minimum Mean-Square Error Single-Channel Signal Estimation

An integral representation for the minimum meansquare error estimator for a random variable in an observation model consisting of a linear combination of two random variables is derived. The derivation is based on the moment-generatin g functions for the random variables in the observation model . The method generalizes so that integral representations for hi gherorder moments of the posterior of interest can be easily obta ined. Two examples are presented that demonstrate how saddlepoin t approximation can be used to obtain accurate approximations for a minimum mean-square error estimator using the derived integral representation. However, the examples also demon strate that when two saddlepoints are close or coalesce, then saddl epoint approximation based on isolated saddlepoints is not valid.A saddlepoint approximation based on two close or coalesced saddlepoints is derived and in the examples, the validity an d accuracy of the derivation is demonstrated.
Biomechanical Analysis of Injury Factor According to the Change of Direction After Single-leg Landing

Sports injuries occur frequently during various sports competitions, and many studies have been conducted to improve athletic performance and prevent injuries (Mcnitt-Gray, 1989). Lower extremity joint injuries occur in approximately 77% of cases, with knee (21%) and ankle (18%) joint injuries accounting for significant portions of such injuries (Tropp, Askling & Gillquist, 1985). With respect to injury type, approximately 50% and 13% of all knee injuries involved the anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) and medial collateral ligament (MCL), respectively (Majewski, Susanneet & Klaus, 2006). Among the injury types, ACL injuries account for approximately 70% of non-contact injuries during actual physical activities (Meyer & Haut, 2008). Ankle injuries occur at a frequency of 50% for sprains, 17% for spasms, 12% for bruises, and 5% for fractures (Hang, 2013). Among athletes who incurred ankle sprains, >70% experienced additional and repetitive symptoms of dysfunction and re-injury (Anandacoomarasamy & Barnsley, 2005). Knee ligament injuries and ankle sprains occur during sports competitions and trainings (Hootman, Dick & Agel, 2007). Various reports have indicated that the causes of injuries include decreased range of motion (ROM) of the lower extremity joints and large impact force (Chae & Kang, 2009; Kim, Oh & Jeong, 2015; Yeow, Lee & Goh, 2011) and large valgus angle (Cho, Kim, Moon, Cho & Lee, 2010; Shin, Choi & Kim, 2015). Meanwhile, a study that compared between normal and perceived landing reported that the flexion angle of the knee was larger in perceived landing than in normal landing (Choi, 2015; Schmitz, Kulas, Perrin, Riemann & Shultz, 2007; Sigward, Pollard & Powers, 2012). Moreover, a study on landing that simulated actual sports motion reported that injuries may appear from the impact load in the lower extremity joints during landing from jumping (Kim & Cho, 2012). The cause of such injury was attributed to lower extremity joint injury from insufficient impact absorption during landing and inKJSB Korean Journal of Sport Biomechanics 2016; 26(4): 433-441 http://dx.doi. org/10.5103/KJSB.2016. 26.4. 433 http://e-kjsb.org eISSN 2093-9752 ORIGINAL
Polyacrylamide Gel Electrophoresis

Polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (PAGE) provides a versatile, gentle, high resolution method for fractionation and physical-chemical characterization of molecules on the basis of size, conformation, and net charge. The polymerization reaction can be rigorously controlled to provide uniform gels of reproducible, measurable pore size over a wide range. This makes it possible to obtain reproducible relative mobility (Rf) values as physical-chemical constants. Application and extension of Ogston's (random fiber) model for a gel allows for calculation of molecular volume, surface area, or radius, free mobility, and valence from RJ measurements at several gel concentrations, to calculate gel concentration for optimal resolution, and to predict behavior of macromolecules on gel gradients by computerized methods. Extension of classical moving boundary theory has been used to generate multiphasic buffer systems (providing selective stacking, unstacking, restacking, and preparative steady-state-stacking) with known operating characteristics for any pH at 0� and 25�C. A general strategy for isolation of macromolecules and for macromolecular mapping has been developed. Preparative scale PAGE is operational for milligram loads and feasible for gram quantities.
Sources , distribution , and acidity of sulfate e ammonium aerosol in the Arctic in winter e spring

We use GEOS-Chem chemical transport model simulations of sulfateeammonium aerosol data from the NASA ARCTAS and NOAA ARCPAC aircraft campaigns in the North American Arctic in April 2008, together with longer-term data from surface sites, to better understand aerosol sources in the Arctic in winterespring and the implications for aerosol acidity. Arctic pollution is dominated by transport from mid-latitudes, and we test the relevant ammonia and sulfur dioxide emission inventories in the model by comparison with wet deposition flux data over the source continents. We find that a complicated mix of natural and anthropogenic sources with different vertical signatures is responsible for sulfate concentrations in the Arctic. East Asian pollution influence is weak in winter but becomes important in spring through transport in the free troposphere. European influence is important at all altitudes but never dominant. West Asia (non-Arctic Russia and Kazakhstan) is the largest contributor to Arctic sulfate in surface air in winter, reflecting a southward extension of the Arctic front over that region. Ammonium in Arctic spring mostly originates from anthropogenic sources in East Asia and Europe, with added contribution from boreal fires, resulting in a more neutralized aerosol in the free troposphere than at the surface. The ARCTAS and ARCPAC data indicate a median aerosol neutralization fraction [NH4 þ]/(2[SO42 ] þ [NO3 ]) of 0.5 mol mol 1 below 2 km and 0.7 mol mol 1 above. We find that East Asian and European aerosol transported to the Arctic is mostly neutralized, whereas West Asian and North American aerosol is highly acidic. Growth of sulfur emissions in West Asia may be responsible for the observed increase in aerosol acidity at Barrow over the past decade. As global sulfur position of the Troposphere from Aircraft and Satellites; ARCPAC, Aerosol, Radiation, and Cloud Processes affecting lanetary Sciences, Harvard University, Pierce Hall G3H, 29 Oxford Street, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA. Tel. : þ1 617 495
Free convection heat and mass transfer of a nanofluid past a horizontal cylinder embedded in a non-Darcy porous medium

In the present paper, we analyzed the laminar boundary layer ﬂow and heat transfer from a horizontal cylinder in a nanoﬂuid-saturated non-Darcy porous medium in the presence of thermal radiation. This is the ﬁrst paper presenting non-similar solutions for such a regime.The boundary layer conservation equations,which are parabolic in nature,are normalized into non-similar form and then solved computationally with an efﬁcient, implicit, stable Keller-box ﬁnite difference scheme. Non-Darcy effects are simulated via a second-order Forchheimer drag force term in the momentum boundary layer equation. The model used for the nanoﬂuid incorporates the effects of Brownian motion, buoyancy ratio, and thermophoresis. A non-similarity solution is presented that depends on the Brownian motion number (Nb), buoyancy ratio (Nr), thermophoresis number (Nt), Forchheimer parameter (Λ), and radiation parameter (F). Velocity is reduced with increasing Forchheimer parameter, whereas temperature and nanoparticle concentration are both enhanced.The model ﬁnds applications in energy systems and thermal enhancement of industrial ﬂow processes
Application of Block Sieve Bootstrap to Change-Point detection in time series

Since the introduction of CUSUM statistic by E.S. Page (1951), detection of change or a structural break in time series has gained significant interest as its applications span across various disciplines including economics, industrial applications, and environmental data sets. However, many of the early suggested statistics, such as CUSUM or MOSUM, lose their effectiveness when applied to time series data. Either the size or power of the test statistic gets distorted, especially for higher order autoregressive moving average processes. We use the test statistic from Gombay and Serban (2009) for detecting change in the mean of an autoregressive process and show how the application of Sieve Bootstrap to the time series data can improve the performance of our test to detect change. The effectiveness of the proposed method is illustrated by applying it to econometric data sets.
Detection of Mycobacterium Leprae DNA in Blood of the Subclinical Leprosy

Subclinical Leprosy (SL) is attributed to healthy individuals living in endemic leprosy area, without any clinical signs of leprosy, but showing a high specific antibody level to leprosy bacilli. This laboratory finding indicates that a certain amount of Mycobacterium leprae (M. leprae) have entered the body and induces specific antibody. Due to the potential progress from SL to overt (manifest) leprosy, the management of SL is important in Leprosy Control Program. The aim of this study was to detect M. leprae DNA in the blood of SL cases, using Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) technique. Two ml peripheral blood samples from 29 SL cases diagnosed by clinical examination and serological test (ELISA IgM anti PGL-1 antibody > 600 u/ml) were collected. DNA extraction was performed using Takara technique. Lp1 – Lp4 nested primers was used in PCR to amplify the RLEP sequence (99 bp) that is specific and sensitive for M. leprae. After running in the electrophoresis field, the results were observed by UV transilluminator. Results revealed that from 29 blood samples of SL cases, 6 (20.69 %) showed positive in PCR test. No significant differences the level of anti PGL-1 antibody was observed between positive and negative PCR results. In conclusion, M. leprae DNA can be found in peripheral blood of SL cases. This finding supports the opinion that SL cases need anti-leprosy treatment to prevent progression towards manifest leprosy.
Determinants of Cause-Specific Mortality and Loss of Independence in Older Patients following Hospitalization for COVID-19: The GeroCovid Outcomes Study

Hospitalization for acute SARS-CoV-2 infection confers an almost five-fold higher risk of post-discharge, all-cause mortality compared to controls from the general population. A negative impact on the functional autonomy of older patients, especially in cases of severe disease and prolonged hospitalization, has been recently described. However, little is known about the determinants of cause-specific mortality and loss of independence (LOI) in the activities of daily living (ADL) following COVID-19 hospitalization. Thus, the current prospective, multicenter study is aimed at identifying the determinants of post-discharge cause-specific mortality and the loss of autonomy in at least one ADL function. Older patients hospitalized for a SARS-CoV-2 infection were consecutively enrolled in an e-Registry from 1 March 2020, until 31 December 2020. After at least six months from discharge, patients were extensively re-evaluated according to a common protocol at the outpatient clinic of eight tertiary care Italian hospitals. Of 193 patients [109 (56.4%) men, mean age 79.9 ± 9.1 years], 43 (22.3%) died during follow-up. The most common causes of death were cardiovascular diseases (46.0%), respiratory failure (26.5%), and gastrointestinal and genitourinary diseases (8.8% each). Pre-morbid ADLs qualified as an independent mortality risk factor [adjusted HR 0.77 (95%CI: 0.63–0.95)]. Of 132 patients, 28 (21.2%) lost their independence in at least one ADL. The adjusted risk of LOI declined with a lower frailty degree [aOR 0.03 (95%CI: 0.01–0.32)]. In conclusion, at long-term follow-up after hospitalization for acute SARS-CoV-2 infection, more than 40% of older patients died or experienced a loss of functional independence compared to their pre-morbid condition. Given its high prevalence, the loss of functional independence after hospitalization for COVID-19 could be reasonably included among the features of the “Long COVID-19 syndrome” of older patients.
Evolution models of red supergiants

Abstract The red supergiant (RSG) phase is a key stage for the evolution of massive stars. The current uncertainties about the mass-loss rates of these objects make their evolution far to be fully understood. In this paper, we discuss some of the physical processes that determine the duration of the RSG phase. We also show how the mass loss affect their evolution, and can allow for some RSGs to evolve towards the blue side of the Hertzsprung-Russell diagram. We also propose observational tests that can help in better understanding the evolution of these stars.
Article (refereed) - postprint

17 The perennial herb Meconopsis cambrica , a western European endemic, is the only 18 European species of the otherwise Himalayan genus Meconopsis and has been 19 interpreted as a Tertiary relict species. Using rbc L and ITS sequence variation, we date 20 the split between M. cambrica and its sister clade Papaver s.str. to the Middle to Upper 21 Miocene (12.8 My, 6.4-19.2 My HPD). Within M. cambrica , cpDNA sequence 22 variation reveals the existence of two groups of populations with a comparable level of 23 genetic variation: a northern group from Great Britain, the Massif Central, the western 24 Pyrenees and the Iberian System, and a southern group from the central and eastern 25 Pyrenees. Populations from the Cantabrian Mountains were found in both groups. Based 26 on ITS sequence variation, the divergence between these two groups can be dated to 1.5 27 My (0.4-2.8 My HPD), and the age of the British populations is estimated as 0.37 My 28 (0.0-0.9 My HPD). AFLP results confirm the distinctive nature of the populations from 29 Britain, the Massif Central and the central and eastern Pyrenees. These patterns of 30 latitudinal variation of M. cambrica differ from patterns of longitudinal differentiation 31 found in many other temperate species and imply glacial survival of the northern 32 populations in northerly refugia. The primary differentiation into northern and southern 33 cpDNA groups dates to near the onset of the Quaternary and suggests that an ancient 34 phylogeographic pattern has survived through several glacial periods. Our data provide 35 evidence that the species has persisted for a long period with a highly fragmented and 36 probably very localized distribution.
Data Sampling using Locality Sensitive Hashing for Large Scale Graph Learning

An important step in graph-based data analysis and processing is the construction of similarity graphs. Recent works, such as [7, 23], have focused on the semi-supervised setting to learn an optimal similarity function for constructing a task-optimal graph. However, in many scenarios with billions of data points and trillions of potential edges, the run-time and computational requirements for training the similarity model make these approaches impractical. In this work, we consider data sampling as a means to overcome this issue. Unlike typical sampling use-cases which only seek diversity, the similarity-learning for graph construction problem requires data samples that are both diverse and representative of highly similar data points. We present an efficient sampling approach by taking an adaptive partition view of locality sensitive hashing . Theo-retically, we show that, though the samples obtained are correlated with sampling probabilities that do not sum to one, the training loss estimated for learning the graph similarity model using our approach is unbiased with a smaller variance compared to random sampling. Experiments on public datasets demonstrate the superior generalization of similarity models learned via our sampling. In a real large-scale industrial abuse-detection example, we observe ≈ 10 × increase in identifying abusive items while having lower false positive rate compared to the baseline.
Transformación de variables binomiales para su análisis según un diseño de bloques al azar

The research aimed to evaluate the transformation of variables with Binomial distribution applied to randomized block design. For the analysis was considered 5, 10 and 30 observations per experimental unit (n) and probability of success of the event (p) of 0,10; 0,20; . ; 0,90. Through the Monte Carlo method, 100 experiments with 3, 5 and 9 treatments (t) were simulated; 4 and 8 replicates (r); with 5, 10 and 30 observations per experimental unit (n) and probability of success of the event (p) of 0,10; 0,20; . ; 0;90. It was evident that the arcsine and family transformations Box- Cox power transformation angle: natural logarithm, square root and inverse were not able to solve the deviations with respect to the assumptions of ANAVA. It should be mentioned that in recent years little input regarding such research are made.