Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The Sublime Object of Psychiatry: Schizophrenia in Clinical and Cultural Theory

CLINICAL THEORY 1. Psychiatry on schizophrenia: clinical pictures of a sublime object 2. Schizophrenia: the sublime text of psychoanalysis CULTURAL THEORY 3. Antipsychiatry: schizophrenic experience and the sublime 4. Anti-Oedipus and the politics of the schizophrenic sublime 5. Schizophrenia, modernity, postmodernity 6. Postmodern schizophrenia 7. Glamorama, postmodernity and the schizophrenic sublime Conclusion
Utility-based Decision-making in Distributed Systems Modelling

We consider a calculus of resources and processes as a basis for modelling decision-making in multi-agent systems. The calculus represents the regulation of agents' choices using utility functions that take account of context. Associated with the calculus is a (Hennessy Milner-style) context sensitive modal logic of state. As an application, we show how a notion of `trust domain' can be defined for multi-agent systems.
Financial software on GPUs: between Haskell and Fortran

This paper presents a real-world pricing kernel for financial derivatives and evaluates the language and compiler tool chain that would allow expressive, hardware-neutral algorithm implementation and efficient execution on graphics-processing units (GPU). The language issues refer to preserving algorithmic invariants, e.g., inherent parallelism made explicit by map-reduce-scan functional combinators. Efficient execution is achieved by manually; applying a series of generally-applicable compiler transformations that allows the generated-OpenCL code to yield speedups as high as 70x and 540x on a commodity mobile and desktop GPU, respectively. Apart from the concrete speed-ups attained, our contributions are twofold: First, from a language perspective;, we illustrate that even state-of-the-art auto-parallelization techniques are incapable of discovering all the requisite data parallelism when rendering the functional code in Fortran-style imperative array processing form. Second, from a performance perspective;, we study which compiler transformations are necessary to map the high-level functional code to hand-optimized OpenCL code for GPU execution. We discover a rich optimization space with nontrivial trade-offs and cost models. Memory reuse in map-reduce patterns, strength reduction, branch divergence optimization, and memory access coalescing, exhibit significant impact individually. When combined, they enable essentially full utilization of all GPU cores. Functional programming has played a crucial double role in our case study: Capturing the naturally data-parallel structure of the pricing algorithm in a transparent, reusable and entirely hardware-independent fashion; and supporting the correctness of the subsequent compiler transformations to a hardware-oriented target language by a rich class of universally valid equational properties. Given the observed difficulty of automatically parallelizing imperative sequential code and the inherent labor of porting hardware-oriented and -optimized programs, our case study suggests that functional programming technology can facilitate high-level; expression of leading-edge performant portable; high-performance systems for massively parallel hardware architectures.
GLIAL BUNDLES IN SPINAL NERVE ROOTS: A FORM OF ISOMORPHIC GLIOSIS AT THE JUNCTION OF THE CENTRAL AND PERIPHERAL NERVOUS SYSTEM

A morphologic study of the spinal nerve roots was undertaken in three cases of Werdnig‐Hoffmann disease to investigate the phenomenon of glial bundle formation. The glial elements extended along the ventral roots as discrete cylindrical bundles comprising a large number of parallel astrocytic processes and sparsely scattered cell bodies all enclosed by a basal lamina. The bundles tapered off at a variable distance from the root exit zones. The early stage of glial bundle formation was characterized by the protrusion of astrocytes into the neurilemmal tubes containing degenerated myelinated axons. It was concluded that axonal degeneration, evoking a glial reaction, was the initial event in this process. Subsequently, the reactive astrocytes from the vicinity of the root exit zones enter the neurilemmal tubes previously occupied by myelinated axons and migrated into the domain of the peripheral nervous system in an orderly fashion. Thus glial bundle formation might be considered a special form of isomorphic gliosis occurring in Werdnig‐Hoffmann disease and also in several other conditions all sharing a common feature, namely, degeneration of axons within the spinal nerve roots.
Riemann - Cartan spacetimes of Gödel type

A class of Riemann - Cartan Gödel-type spacetimes are examined in the light of equivalence problem techniques. The conditions for local spacetime homogeneity are derived, generalizing previous works on Riemannian Gödel-type spacetimes. The equivalence of Riemann - Cartan Gödel-type spacetimes of this class is studied. It is shown that they admit a five-dimensional group of affine isometries and are characterized by three essential parameters : identical triads correspond to locally equivalent manifolds. The algebraic types of the irreducible parts of the curvature and torsion tensors are also presented.
A novel method for morphological pleomorphism and heterogeneity quantitative measurement: Named cell feature level co-occurrence matrix

Background: Recent developments in molecular pathology and genetic/epigenetic analysis of cancer tissue have resulted in a marked increase in objective and measurable data. In comparison, the traditional morphological analysis approach to pathology diagnosis, which can connect these molecular data and clinical diagnosis, is still mostly subjective. Even though the advent and popularization of digital pathology has provided a boost to computer-aided diagnosis, some important pathological concepts still remain largely non-quantitative and their associated data measurements depend on the pathologist′s sense and experience. Such features include pleomorphism and heterogeneity. Methods and Results: In this paper, we propose a method for the objective measurement of pleomorphism and heterogeneity, using the cell-level co-occurrence matrix. Our method is based on the widely used Gray-level co-occurrence matrix (GLCM), where relations between neighboring pixel intensity levels are captured into a co-occurrence matrix, followed by the application of analysis functions such as Haralick features. In the pathological tissue image, through image processing techniques, each nucleus can be measured and each nucleus has its own measureable features like nucleus size, roundness, contour length, intra-nucleus texture data (GLCM is one of the methods). In GLCM each nucleus in the tissue image corresponds to one pixel. In this approach the most important point is how to define the neighborhood of each nucleus. We define three types of neighborhoods of a nucleus, then create the co-occurrence matrix and apply Haralick feature functions. In each image pleomorphism and heterogeneity are then determined quantitatively. For our method, one pixel corresponds to one nucleus feature, and we therefore named our method Cell Feature Level Co-occurrence Matrix (CFLCM). We tested this method for several nucleus features. Conclusion: CFLCM is showed as a useful quantitative method for pleomorphism and heterogeneity on histopathological image analysis.
CASH: Supporting IaaS Customers with a Sub-core Configurable Architecture

Infrastructure as a Service (IaaS) Clouds have grown increasingly important. Recent architecture designs support IaaS providers through fine-grain configurability, allowing providers to orchestrate low-level resource usage. Little work, however, has been devoted to supporting IaaS customers who must determine how to use such fine-grain configurable resources to meet quality-of-service (QoS) requirements while minimizing cost. This is a difficult problem because the multiplicity of configurations creates a non-convex optimization space. In addition, this optimization space may change as customer applications enter and exit distinct processing phases. In this paper, we overcome these issues by proposing CASH: a fine-grain configurable architecture co-designed with a cost-optimizing runtime system. The hardware architecture enables configurability at the granularity of individual ALUs and L2 cache banks and provides unique interfaces to support low-overhead, dynamic configuration and monitoring. The runtime uses a combination of control theory and machine learning to configure the architecture such that QoS requirements are met and cost is minimized. Our results demonstrate that the combination of fine-grain configurability and non-convex optimization provides tremendous cost savings (70% savings) compared to coarse-grain heterogeneity and heuristic optimization. In addition, the system is able to customize configurations to particular applications, respond to application phases, and provide near optimal cost for QoS targets.
The Interactive Effects of Race and Class in Educational Research: Theoretical Insights from the Work of Pierre Bourdieu.

How race and class affect the life chances of young people has been an issue of central importance to social scientists (Alexander, Pallas & Holupka, 1987; Baker & Velez, 1996; Hearn, 1984, 1991; Karen, 1991a, 1991b; Pascarella, Smart & Stoeker, 1989). Race and class have been shown to influence high school experiences (McQuillan, 1998; Oakes, 1985), and the access and transition to postsecondary education (Baker & Velez, 1996; Hossler, Schmidt & Vesper, 1999; Hurtado, Inkelas, Briggs & Rhee, 1997; McDonough, 1997). We know that patterns of access to higher education have remained relatively unchanged from the mid-1970s through to the mid-1990s (Karen & Hearn, 1998); women tend to go to college at a higher rate than men do. Access to higher education for Blacks and Latinos relative to whites has declined. We have witnessed continued inequality in access for those from different income groups; low-income students are far less likely to enter college directly from high school than their middle class or affluent peers (Baker & Velez, 1996). When one examines the effects of race, class, and gender independently, important patterns of inequality are found. The evidence is clear and compelling.
Manipulating sleep duration alters emotional functioning and cognitive performance in children.

OBJECTIVE To examine the impact of sleep duration on emotional functioning and cognitive performance in children. METHODS 32 children (8-12 years) wore actigraphs for 3 weeks. Following a week of typical sleep, each child was randomly assigned to go to bed 1 hr earlier for 4 nights (Long Sleep) or 1 hr later for 4 nights (Short Sleep) relative to their typical bedtime. Each child then completed the opposite condition. After each week, emotional and cognitive functioning were assessed using objective and subjective measures. RESULTS Results revealed impaired functioning in the Short- relative to the Long-Sleep condition on measures of positive affective response, emotion regulation, short-term memory, working memory, and aspects of attention. CONCLUSIONS Results suggest that even modest differences in sleep duration over just a few nights can have significant consequences for children's daytime functioning. These findings demonstrate the important impact of sleep duration on children's daytime functioning.
Effects of aging and a cognitive competing task on the setting of the salience-relevance balance in visual search

Goal-directed and stimulus-driven processes interact during the deployment of attention while driving. Using road elements localization, we investigate the issue of the salience/relevance balance (SRB) in visual search by seeking to understand the influence of age, task demands and scene presentation conditions. Twenty-four older drivers (mean age = 71.3) and 24 younger experimented drivers (mean age = 35.4) were asked to localize as quickly as possible a target on a fixed driving scene (a pedestrian, a vehicle, a traffic light or a road-marking). Pictures of intersections were segmented in 9 sections and showed randomly under three different presentation conditions: original (scenes presented in their original form), partly jumbled (the target appeared in its original position, but the remaining sections were jumbled), or fully jumbled (all locations were jumbled, ensuring that the target was not in its original position). Half of the trials were administered while executing a competing task of semantic judgment (dual task), and the remainder without (single task). Eye movement strategies were analyzed. Two indices, Normalized Scanpath Salience and Normalized Scanpath Relevance were developed to compare data from salience maps and from relevance maps to visual scanning pathways. Results provide evidence for the existence of adjustments of SRB and the need of available attentional resources for such a setting. Furthermore, we show that, despite the greater driving experience of elderly drivers, there is a deleterious effect of the competing cognitive task on the organization of their visual search, which is not compensated by a relevance-oriented adjustment.
Stimulus Spending Doesn’t Work

The global recession and financial crisis have refocused attention on government stimulus packages. These packages typically emphasize spending, predicated on the view that the expenditure "multipliers" are greater than one—so that gross domestic product expands by more than government spending itself. Stimulus packages typically also feature tax reductions, designed partly to boost consumer demand (by raising disposable income) and partly to stimulate work effort, production and investment (by lowering rates).
Long-Term Prophylaxis and Pharmacokinetic Evaluation of Intramuscular Nano- and Microparticle Decoquinate in Mice Infected with P. berghei Sporozoites

Decoquinate nanoparticle and microparticle suspended in an oily vehicle to retard drug release are evaluated for long-term malaria prophylaxis. Pharmacokinetic studies in normal animals and antimalarial efficacy in liver stage malaria mice were conducted at various single intramuscular-decoquinate doses for 2, 4, 6, or 8 weeks prior to infection with P. berghei sporozoites. The liver stage efficacy evaluation was monitored by using an in vivo imaging system. Full causal prophylaxis was shown in mice with a single intramuscular dose at 120 mg/kg of nanoparticle decoquinate (0.43 μm) for 2-3 weeks and with microparticle decoquinate (8.31 μm) injected 8 weeks earlier than inoculation. The time above MIC of 1,375 hr observed with the microparticle formulation provided a 2.2-fold longer drug exposure than with the nanoparticle formulation (624 hr). The prophylactic effect of the microparticle formulation observed in mice was shown to be 3-4 times longer than the nanoparticle decoquinate formulation.
Ocular Toxicity Secondary to Asclepias physocarpa: The Balloon Plant

We report a case of a 65-year-old woman with symptoms of blurred vision and ocular irritation a few hours after accidental contact of the right eye with Asclepias physocarpa milky latex. Observation showed a diffuse conjunctival hyperemia and stromal corneal edema with Descemet's membrane folds. Recovery was fast and apparently complete in less than one month. However, specular microscopy at 6-months follow-up showed an abnormal endothelial morphology as sequelae, suggesting this condition is not as innocuous as it has been suggested.
Frame-discriminative and confidence-driven adaptation for LVCSR

Maximum likelihood linear regression (MLLR) has become the most popular approach for adapting speaker-independent hidden Markov models to a specific speaker's characteristics. However, it is well known, that discriminative training objectives outperform maximum likelihood training approaches, especially in cases where training data is very limited, as it always is the case in adaptation tasks. Therefore, this paper explores the application of a frame-based discriminative training objective for adaptation. It presents evaluations for supervised as well as for unsupervised adaption on the 1993 WSJ adaptation tests of native and non-native speakers. Relative improvements in word error rate of up to 25% could be measured compared to the MLLR adapted recognition systems. Along with unsupervised adaptation, the paper also presents the improvements achieved by the application of confidence measures. They provided an average relative improvement of 10% compared to ordinary unsupervised MLLR.
Mouse model of pulmonary cavitary tuberculosis and expression of matrix metalloproteinase-9

ABSTRACT Cavitation is a key pathological feature of human tuberculosis (TB), and is a well-recognized risk factor for transmission of infection, relapse after treatment and the emergence of drug resistance. Despite intense interest in the mechanisms underlying cavitation and its negative impact on treatment outcomes, there has been limited study of this phenomenon, owing in large part to the limitations of existing animal models. Although cavitation does not occur in conventional mouse strains after infection with Mycobacterium tuberculosis, cavitary lung lesions have occasionally been observed in C3HeB/FeJ mice. However, to date, there has been no demonstration that cavitation can be produced consistently enough to support C3HeB/FeJ mice as a new and useful model of cavitary TB. We utilized serial computed tomography (CT) imaging to detect pulmonary cavitation in C3HeB/FeJ mice after aerosol infection with M. tuberculosis. Post-mortem analyses were performed to characterize lung lesions and to localize matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) previously implicated in cavitary TB in situ. A total of 47-61% of infected mice developed cavities during primary disease or relapse after non-curative treatments. Key pathological features of human TB, including simultaneous presence of multiple pathologies, were noted in lung tissues. Optical imaging demonstrated increased MMP activity in TB lesions and MMP-9 was significantly expressed in cavitary lesions. Tissue MMP-9 activity could be abrogated by specific inhibitors. In situ, three-dimensional analyses of cavitary lesions demonstrated that 22.06% of CD11b+ signal colocalized with MMP-9. C3HeB/FeJ mice represent a reliable, economical and tractable model of cavitary TB, with key similarities to human TB. This model should provide an excellent tool to better understand the pathogenesis of cavitation and its effects on TB treatments. Summary: We demonstrate for the first time a murine model that consistently produces pulmonary cavitary TB and provides a tractable and economical new tool for better understanding of cavitation.
Heat inactivation of wine spoilage yeast Dekkera bruxellensis by hot water treatment

Cell suspensions of four Dekkera bruxellensis strains (CBS 2499, CBS 2797, CBS 4459 and CBS 4601) were subjected to heat treatment in deionized water at four different temperatures (55·0, 57·5, 60·0 and 62·5°C) to investigate their thermal resistance. The decimal reduction times at a specific temperature were calculated from the resulting inactivation curves: the D‐values at 55·0°C ranged from 63 to 79·4 s, at 57·5°C from 39·6 to 46·1 s, at 60·0°C from 19·5 to 20·7 s, at 62·5°C from 10·2 to 13·7 s. The z‐values were between 9·2 and 10·2°C, confirming that heat resistance is a strain‐dependent character. A protocol for the sanitization of 225 l casks by immersion in hot water was set up and applied to contaminated 3‐year‐old barrels. The heat penetration through the staves was evaluated for each investigated temperature by positioning a thermal probe at 8 mm deep. A treatment at 60°C for an exposure time of 19 min allowed to eliminate the yeast populations up to a log count reduction of 8.
The jump of the flea: a study of the energetics and a model of the mechanism.

1. The energy requirement of a jump of 3.5 cm. height by the rabbit flea, Spilopsyllus cuniculi , is 2.25 ergs. This must be delivered in 0.75-1.0 msec. over a distance of 0.37-0.5mm. , which is not compatible with direct muscular action. 2. The anatomy of the jumping mechanism has been re-examined and its action studied by high-speed cinematography. The following explanation is offered. The main impulse comes from the depression of the metathoracic femur, whose depressor muscle originates on the notum. In the resting position the attachment of the depressor tendon to the femur is over-centre with respect to the trochanter-femoral joint. When the muscle contracts energy is stored in a resilin pad located between notum and pleuron. This energy is released by a second muscle which pulls the depressor tendon away from the over-centre position, thus enabling it to depress the femur. 3. Operations on live fleas have provided evidence in support of the proposed mechanism. 4. The depressor muscle is capable of providing 1.96 ergs on each side. 5. The resilin pad is capable of storing 4 ergs on each side. 6. Species which are better jumpers have larger resilin pads.
Rapid induction of GFP expression by the nitrate reductase promoter in the diatom Phaeodactylum tricornutum

An essential prerequisite for a controlled transgene expression is the choice of a suitable promoter. In the model diatom Phaeodactylum tricornutum, the most commonly used promoters for trans-gene expression are the light dependent lhcf1 promoters (derived from two endogenous genes encoding fucoxanthin chlorophyll a/c binding proteins) and the nitrate dependent nr promoter (derived from the endogenous nitrate reductase gene). In this study, we investigated the time dependent expression of the green fluorescent protein (GFP) reporter under control of the nitrate reductase promoter in independently genetically transformed P. tricornutum cell lines following induction of expression by change of the nitrogen source in the medium via flow cytometry, microscopy and western blotting. In all investigated cell lines, GFP fluorescence started to increase 1 h after change of the medium, the fastest increase rates were observed between 2 and 3 h. Fluorescence continued to increase slightly for up to 7 h even after transfer of the cells to ammonium medium. The subsequent decrease of GFP fluorescence was much slower than the increase, probably due to the stability of GFP. The investigation of several cell lines transformed with nr based constructs revealed that, also in the absence of nitrate, the promoter may show residual activity. Furthermore, we observed a strong variation of gene expression between independent cell lines, emphasising the importance of a thorough characterisation of genetically modified cell lines and their individual expression patterns.
Computerised treatment of anomia in acute aphasia: Treatment intensity and training size

In this study we analysed the outcome of computer-assisted therapy (CAT) for anomia on eight acute aphasic patients. Since therapy for anomia generally leads to an item-specific effect, the aim of the present study was to investigate whether it is possible to enhance recovery from anomia by increasing the number of treated items. Two periods of five daily written-naming CAT sessions were compared: In one period the CAT included one set of 48 words (single list) and in the other period a double list of 96 items was treated. Seven out of eight patients improved in naming performance for treated items. Overall gains were superior after practising the double list, despite fewer item repetitions. These results suggest that the size of the effect of therapy for anomia depends more on the number of treated items than on the number of repetitions per item. The integration of these results within the framework of studies on intensity is discussed.