Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Temporal Analysis of Magnetic Nerve Stimulation–Towards Enhanced Systems via Virtualisation

The triumph of inductive neuro-stimulation since its rediscovery in the 1980s has been quite spectacular. In lots of branches ranging from clinical applications to basic research this system is absolutely indispensable. Nevertheless, the basic knowledge about the processes underlying the stimulation effect is still very rough and rarely refined in a quantitative way. This seems to be not only an inexcusable blank spot in biophysics and for stimulation prediction, but also a fundamental hindrance for technological progress. The already very sophisticated devices have reached a stage where further optimization requires better strategies than provided by simple linear membrane models of integrate-and-fire style. Addressing this problem for the first time, we suggest in the following text a way for virtual quantitative analysis of a stimulation system. Concomitantly, this ansatz seems to provide a route towards a better understanding by using nonlinear signal processing and taking the nerve as a filter that is adapted for neuronal magnetic stimulation. The model is compact and easy to adjust. The whole setup behaved very robustly during all performed tests. Exemplarily a recent innovative stimulator design known as cTMS is analyzed and dimensioned with this approach in the following. The results show hitherto unforeseen potentials. Keywords—Theory of magnetic stimulation, inversion, optimization, high voltage oscillator, TMS, cTMS.
Personality Differences between Online Game Players and Nonplayers in a Student Sample

This study examines the differences in openness, conscientiousness, and extraversion between online game players and nonplayers using a student sample. The matched sample comprised 130 pairs of students, who are paired in gender and age. The results indicate that online game players reported higher scores in openness, conscientiousness, and extraversion than did nonplayers.
Medidas económicas del gobierno de Donald Trump y reacciones en el mercado de valores internacional, noviembre 2016 a febrero 2017.

As the results of the last presidencial elections of the United States were released, the uncertainty in the field economic policy science because there was a direct effect on the stock exchange in many sectors, mainly asian countries, but also in London market, France CAD rating, and the german DAX. all this problem known as 'Trump effect' is analized developing a brief approach. the porpuse of the study is to identify the monetary measurements adopted by the presidentDonald J. Trump and determine if the finantial reactions of the products at international level are the effect of the negotiation habilities. The documental tecnique is applied. It remains to be seen if in the future the United States governor will negociate new external trade agreements that won't affect the currency reduction, migration, global economy sustenance, and the productive gap with other countries, especially China, Japan and Mexico.
Phytoplankton Do Not Produce Carbon‐Rich Organic Matter in High CO2 Oceans

The ocean is a substantial sink for atmospheric carbon dioxide (CO2) released as a result of human activities. Over the coming decades the dissolved inorganic C concentration in the surface ocean is predicted to increase, which is expected to have a direct influence on the efficiency of C utilization (consumption and production) by phytoplankton during photosynthesis. Here we evaluated the generality of C‐rich organic matter production by examining the elemental C:N ratio of organic matter produced under conditions of varying pCO2. The data used in this analysis were obtained from a series of pelagic in situ pCO2 perturbation studies that were performed in the diverse ocean regions and involved natural phytoplankton assemblages. The C:N ratio of the resulting particulate and dissolved organic matter did not differ across the range of pCO2 conditions tested. In particular, the ratio for particulate organic C and N was found to be 6.58 ± 0.05, close to the theoretical value of 6.6.
Primary Antimicrobial Susceptibility Changes in Children with Helicobacter pylori Infection over 13 Years in Northern Italy

The eradication therapy of Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) infection is still a challenge for gastroenterologists. One of the main causes of failure in H. pylori eradication is the antibiotic resistance mainly to clarithromycin. Culture from biopsies is maybe the most used method among the antimicrobial susceptibility techniques. In this study, we compared the antimicrobial susceptibility changes in children with H. pylori infection over 13 years and we confirmed that clarithromycin resistance has been increased (16% versus 26%) though with no statistically signficant value. Therefore, clarithromycin should not be used in empiric treatment of H. pylori eradication therapy in children, but its use should be limited only to children with known antimicrobial susceptibility. On the other hand, metronidazole resistance has decreased over this time period in statistically significant manner (56% versus 33%, p = 0.014). Furthermore, ampicillin resistance has been confirmed to be very rare (3% versus 0%) in children with H. pylori infection. In conclusion, in H. pylori infection, if we do not know the antibiotic susceptibility of patients, we should recommend an eradication therapy based on the local distribution of antibiotic resistance rates trying to limit the therapeutic failures.
Mirror movements in progressive hemifacial atrophy

Mirror movements are simultaneous, involuntary, identical movements occurring during contralateral voluntary movements. These movements are considered as soft neurologic signs seen uncommonly in clinical practice. The mirror movements are described in various neurological disorders which include parkinsonism, cranio veretebral junction anamolies, and hemiplegic cerebral palsy. These movements are intriguing and can pose significant disability. However, no such observation regarding mirror movements in progressive hemifacial atrophy have been reported previously. We are reporting a teenage girl suffering from progressive hemifacial atrophy and epilepsy with demonstrable mirror movements in hand.
An Ant Colony Optimization Approach for the Deployment of Reliable Wireless Sensor Networks

A reliable wireless sensor network (WSN) is defined as a network that functions satisfactorily, in terms of both its coverage and connectivity to the sink(s), throughout its intended mission time. Deploying reliable WSNs is especially important for critical Internet of Things (IoT) applications, such as industrial, structural health-monitoring, and military applications. In such applications, failure of the WSN to carry out its required tasks can have serious effects, and hence, cannot be tolerated. However, the deployment of reliable WSNs is a challenging problem. This is primarily attributed to the fact that sensor nodes are subject to random failures due to different factors, such as hardware failures, battery depletion, harsh environmental conditions, and so on. In this paper, the problem of deploying a WSN with a specified minimum level of reliability at a minimum deployment cost is addressed. This problem is coined the minimum cost reliability constrained sensor node deployment problem (MCRC-SDP). The MCRC-SDP is proved to be an NP-Complete. An ant colony optimization algorithm coupled with a local search heuristic is proposed as a solution. Extensive experimental results demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed approach in finding high-quality solutions to the problem.
Estimation of Full Moment Tensors, Including Uncertainties, for Nuclear Explosions, Volcanic Events, and Earthquakes

A seismic moment tensor is a 3 × 3 symmetric matrix that provides a compact representation of a seismic source. We develop an algorithm to estimate moment tensors and their uncertainties from observed seismic data. For a given event, the algorithm performs a grid search over the six‐dimensional space of moment tensors by generating synthetic waveforms for each moment tensor and then evaluating a misfit function between the observed and synthetic waveforms. “The” moment tensor M0 for the event is then the moment tensor with minimum misfit. To describe the uncertainty associated with M0, we first convert the misfit function to a probability function. The uncertainty, or rather the confidence, is then given by the “confidence curve” 𝒫(V) , where 𝒫(V) is the probability that the true moment tensor for the event lies within a certain neighborhood of M that has fractional volume V. The area under the confidence curve provides a single, abbreviated “confidence parameter” for M0. We apply the method to data from events in different regions and tectonic settings: 17 nuclear explosions and 12 earthquakes at the Nevada Test Site, 63 small (Mw<2.5) events at Uturuncu volcano in Bolivia, and 21 moderate (Mw>4) earthquakes in the southern Alaska subduction zone. Characterization of moment tensor uncertainties puts us in better position to discriminate among moment tensor source types and to assign physical processes to the events.
Unitary Matrices with Maximal or near Maximal Diversity Product

Fully diversied constellations with large diversity product are playing an important role in improving the data rate of systems with multiple antennas. In this paper we study some optimal and some near optimal constellations. For constellations with exactly 3 elements several methods are provided to estimate the performance of the constellation. In the case of diagonal constellations, tools from linear programming are used to describe an upper bound and a lower bound for the best diversity product of a constellation with a xed number of elements. For 2-dimensional constellations we provide two construction methods and we prove that they have better performance than orthogonal constellations.
Canadian Network for Mood and Anxiety Treatments (CANMAT) 2016 Clinical Guidelines for the Management of Adults with Major Depressive Disorder

Background: The Canadian Network for Mood and Anxiety Treatments (CANMAT) conducted a revision of the 2009 guidelines by updating the evidence and recommendations. The scope of the 2016 guidelines remains the management of major depressive disorder (MDD) in adults, with a target audience of psychiatrists and other mental health professionals. Methods: Using the question-answer format, we conducted a systematic literature search focusing on systematic reviews and meta-analyses. Evidence was graded using CANMAT-defined criteria for level of evidence. Recommendations for lines of treatment were based on the quality of evidence and clinical expert consensus. “Neurostimulation Treatments” is the fourth of six sections of the 2016 guidelines. Results: Evidence-informed responses were developed for 31 questions for 6 neurostimulation modalities: 1) transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS), 2) repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS), 3) electroconvulsive therapy (ECT), 4) magnetic seizure therapy (MST), 5) vagus nerve stimulation (VNS), and 6) deep brain stimulation (DBS). Most of the neurostimulation treatments have been investigated in patients with varying degrees of treatment resistance. Conclusions: There is increasing evidence for efficacy, tolerability, and safety of neurostimulation treatments. rTMS is now a first-line recommendation for patients with MDD who have failed at least 1 antidepressant. ECT remains a second-line treatment for patients with treatment-resistant depression, although in some situations, it may be considered first line. Third-line recommendations include tDCS and VNS. MST and DBS are still considered investigational treatments.
Intestinal Microbiota Is Influenced by Gender and Body Mass Index

Intestinal microbiota changes are associated with the development of obesity. However, studies in humans have generated conflicting results due to high inter-individual heterogeneity in terms of diet, age, and hormonal factors, and the largely unexplored influence of gender. In this work, we aimed to identify differential gut microbiota signatures associated with obesity, as a function of gender and changes in body mass index (BMI). Differences in the bacterial community structure were analyzed by 16S sequencing in 39 men and 36 post-menopausal women, who had similar dietary background, matched by age and stratified according to the BMI. We observed that the abundance of the Bacteroides genus was lower in men than in women (P<0.001, Q = 0.002) when BMI was > 33. In fact, the abundance of this genus decreased in men with an increase in BMI (P<0.001, Q<0.001). However, in women, it remained unchanged within the different ranges of BMI. We observed a higher presence of Veillonella (84.6% vs. 47.2%; X2 test P = 0.001, Q = 0.019) and Methanobrevibacter genera (84.6% vs. 47.2%; X2 test P = 0.002, Q = 0.026) in fecal samples in men compared to women. We also observed that the abundance of Bilophila was lower in men compared to women regardless of BMI (P = 0.002, Q = 0.041). Additionally, after correcting for age and sex, 66 bacterial taxa at the genus level were found to be associated with BMI and plasma lipids. Microbiota explained at P = 0.001, 31.17% variation in BMI, 29.04% in triglycerides, 33.70% in high-density lipoproteins, 46.86% in low-density lipoproteins, and 28.55% in total cholesterol. Our results suggest that gut microbiota may differ between men and women, and that these differences may be influenced by the grade of obesity. The divergence in gut microbiota observed between men and women might have a dominant role in the definition of gender differences in the prevalence of metabolic and intestinal inflammatory diseases.
Biohydrogenation of unsaturated fatty acids by a mixed culture of rumen microorganisms

The biohydrogenation of C‐18 unsaturated fatty acids was examined in a mixed culture of microorganisms prepared by inoculating a proper growth medium with a sample of rumen fluid. Some major factors influencing the hydrogenation capacity have been investigated. The age of the mixed culture, the type of inoculum used, the concentration of substrates as well as the presence of sterile rumen fluid in the growth medium were found to be important factors determining biohydrogenation behavior. It could be shown that the mixed microbial culture, which had been grown for about 24 h on a medium similar to that of Bryant and Robinson, contained sterile rumen fluid (10% v/v), and had been inoculated with a sample of the whole untreated rumen content, had the best biohydrogenation capacity. The culture was able to carry out the complete conversion of linoleic and linolenic acid to stearic acid.
EM algorithm for an improved random intercept model

Traditional multilevel model assumed independence between groups. Datasets are different from traditional hierarchical data when it is grouped by geographical units. The individual is influenced by not only its region but also the adjacent regions. It could include spatial dependence between groups. Therefore, it is necessary to build a new model and estimation method. In this paper, spatial statistics and spatial econometric models are introduced to random intercept model. Spatial dependence is reflected by spatial lag model in traditional level-2 model. Four types of parameters which include fixed effects, random level-1 coefficients, variance-covariance components, and spatial correlation error parameter need to estimate. Maximum likelihood estimation based on EM algorithm and Fisher scoring algorithm for improved random intercept model is employed.
Understanding Personality Disorders

understanding personality disorders Understanding personality disorders This booklet is for people who have, or think they may have, a diagnosis of personality disorder, their friends and family. It discusses what the diagnosis means, possible causes and treatment approaches. Note: this booklet does not include information about multiple personality disorder, which is a dissociative disorder, and is covered in Mind's booklet Understanding dissociative disorders.
低温工学 = Cryogenic engineering

Cryogenic Engineering by Russell B. Scott [1] was written between 1955 and 1959 as a text book, reference book, and data book. It covered liquefaction and separation of gases; thermometry; instrumentation; thermal insulation; storage, transport, and transfer of liquids; and properties of fluids and solids. It contains the best detailed description of the liquefier project that was conducted in the early 1950s at the NBS Boulder Laboratories. The book has been reprinted several times, most recently in 1995, and more than 6000 copies have been sold. The NBS cryogenics program started in 1904 when Congress appropriated funds to purchase the two-liter-per-hour hydrogen liquefier exhibited at the St. Louis World's Fair by the British Oxygen Company. It was rarely used until 1925, when F. G. Brickwedde, and later Russell Scott, started producing liquid hydrogen for research and as a coolant to liquefy helium. In the early 1930s, Harold C. Urey of Columbia University set out to prove experimentally the existence of an isotope of hydrogen which we now call deuterium. As described elsewhere in this volume, he asked Brickwedde to liquefy hydrogen and, by distillation, to concentrate isotopes for spectroscopic analysis. Urey found deu-terium present in the sample [2] and was awarded the Nobel Prize. In 1934, Scott, Brickwedde, Urey, and Wahl [3] published the hydrogen ortho/para uncataly-sized conversion rates, and in 1948, Woolly, Scott, and Brickwedde [4] published a compilation and critical evaluation of the thermal properties of the isotopes of hydrogen. In the 1940s, the emphasis in the field of cryogenics changed dramatically from research to engineering, which stimulated great improvements in system performance. Some of the engineering applications that evolved over the next decades included storage and shipment of gases such as oxygen, nitrogen, hydrogen, helium, and natural gas in liquid form; production of oxygen for making steel; rocket and aircraft fuels; energy transport and storage; electronics; and facilities for high-energy physics. NBS was one of the few U.S. laboratories with equipment, personnel, and experience to meet the national need for information and data. During World War II, Brickwedde and Scott participated in the Manhattan Project [5], measuring the thermodynamic properties of materials used in the atomic bomb, including uranium. After the war, Brickwedde became a consultant on cryogenics at the Los Alamos Scientific Laboratory (LASL), working with Edward Hammel and members of the LASL cryogenic group. NBS Director Edward U. Condon, who had played a part in …
Estimation of Maize Residue Cover Using Landsat-8 OLI Image Spectral Information and Textural Features

The application of crop residue has become increasingly important for providing a barrier against water and wind erosion and improving soil organic matter content, infiltration, evaporation, temperature, and soil structure. The objectives of this work were to: (i) estimate maize residue cover (MRC) from Landsat-8 OLI images using seven vegetation indices (VIs) and eight textural features; and (ii) compare the VI method, textural feature method, and combination method (integration of textural features and spectral information) for estimating MRC with partial least squares regression (PLSR). The results showed that the normalized difference tillage index (NDTI), simple tillage index (STI), normalized difference index 7 (NDI7), and shortwave red normalized difference index (SRNDI) were significantly correlated with MRC. The MRC model based on NDTI outperformed (R2 = 0.84 and RMSE = 12.33%) the models based on the other VIs. Band3mean, Band4mean, and Band5mean were highly correlated with MRC. The regression between Band3mean and MRC was stronger (R2 = 0.71 and RMSE = 15.21%) than those between MRC and the other textural features. The MRC estimation accuracy using the combination method (R2 = 0.96 and RMSE = 8.11%) was better than that based on only the VI (R2 = 0.88 and RMSE = 11.34%) or textural feature (R2 = 0.90 and RMSE = 9.82%) methods. The results suggest that the combination method can be used to estimate MRC on a regional scale.
Elastin and Calcium Rather Than Collagen or Lipid Content Are Associated With Echogenicity of Human Carotid Plaques

Background and Purpose— Echolucent carotid plaques have been associated with increased risk for stroke. Histological studies suggested that echolucent plaques are hemorrhage- and lipid-rich, whereas echogenic plaques are characterized by fibrosis and calcification. This is the first study to relate echogenicity to plaque composition analyzed biochemically. Methods— Echogenicity of human carotid plaques was analyzed by standardized high-definition ultrasound and classified into echolucent, with gray-scale median (GSM) <32 and echogenic with GSM ≥32. The biochemical composition of the plaques was assessed by fast-performance liquid chromotography and high-performance thin-layer chromotography. Results— As assessed biochemically (milligrams per gram [mg/g]), echolucent plaques contained less hydroxyapatite (43.8 [SD 41.2] mg/g versus 121.6 [SD 106.2] mg/g; P=0.018), more total elastin (1.7 [SD 0.4] mg/g versus 1.2 [SD 0.4] mg/g; P=0.008), and more intermediate-size elastin forms (1.2 [SD 0.3] mg/g versus 0.8 [SD 0.4] mg/g; P=0.018). There was no difference in collagen amount between echogenic and echolucent plaques, neither biochemically (15.3 [SD 3.7] mg/g versus 14.4 [SD 3.4] mg/g) nor histologically (13.4 [SD 4.9] % versus 13.0 [SD 5.6] %). Cholesterol esters, unesterified cholesterol, and triglycerides were increased in plaques associated with symptoms (22.5 [SD 23.3] mg/g versus 13.3 [SD 3.2]; P=0.04), but no differences were detected between echolucent and echogenic plaques (13.5 [SD 4.0] versus 20.2 [SD 21.5] mg/g). Similar results were obtained by Oil Red O staining (symptomatic 7.6 [SD 4.7] % versus asymptomatic 4.2 [SD 3.6] %; P=0.03; echolucent 5.9 [SD 4.1] % versus echogenic 5.0 [SD 4.0] % of area). Conclusions— Echogenicity of carotid plaques is mainly determined by their elastin and calcium but not collagen or lipid content. In addition, echolucency is associated to higher elastin content.
A New Contactless Assembly Method for Paper Substrate Antennas and UHF RFID Chips

This paper deals with a low-cost method for the assembly of flexible substrate antennas and UHF RF identification silicon (Si) chips. Such a method exploits a magnetic coupling mechanism, thus not requiring for galvanic contacts between the Si chip and antenna itself. The magnetic coupling is established by a planar transformer, the primary and secondary windings of which are implemented on flexible substrate and Si chip, respectively. As a result, the Si chip can be assembled on the antenna with a mere placing and gluing process. First, the idea has been validated by theory. Electromagnetic simulations of a square heterogeneous transformer (1.0-mm side) show a maximum available power gain (MAG) of -0.4 dB at 868 MHz. In addition, the heterogeneous transformer is also quite tolerant with respect to misalignment between primary and secondary. An offset error of 150 μm reduces the MAG to - 0.5 dB. A sub-optimal matching strategy, exploiting a simple on-chip capacitor, is then developed for antennas with 50- Ω input impedances. Finally, the idea has been experimentally validated exploiting printed circuit board (PCB) prototypes. A PCB transformer (1.5-mm side) and a transformer rectifier (two-diode Dickson multiplier) have been fabricated and tested. Measurements indicates a MAG of -0.3 dB at 868 MHz for the transformer and the capability of the developed rectifier to supply a 220-kΩ load at 1.5 V with a - 2-dBm input power.