Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Modular termination of context-sensitive rewriting

Context-sensitive rewriting (CSR) has recently emerged as an interesting and flexible paradigm that provides a bridge between the abstract world of general rewriting and the (more) applied setting of declarative specification and programming languages such as OBJ*, CafeOBJ, ELAN, and Maude. A natural approach to study properties of programs written in these languages is to model them as context-sensitive rewriting systems. Here we are especially interested in proving termination of such systems, and thereby providing methods to establish termination of e.g. OBJ* programs. For proving termination of context-sensitive re-writing, there exist a few transformation methods, that reduce the problem to termination of a transformed ordinary term rewriting system (TRS). These transformations, however, have some serious drawbacks. In particular, most of them do not seem to support a modular analysis of the termination problem. In this paper we will show that a substantial part of the well-known theory of modular term rewriting can be extended to CSR, via a thorough analysis of the additional complications arising from context-sensitivity. More precisely, we will mainly concentrate on termination (properties). The obtained modularity results correspond nicely to the fact that in the above languages the modular design of programs and specifications is explicitly promoted, since it can now also be complemented by modular analysis techniques.
PopCore : A system for Network-Centric Recommendations

In this paper we explore the idea of network-centric recommendations. In contrast to individually-oriented recommendations enabled by social network data, a network-centric approach to recommendations introduces new goals such as effective information exchange, enabling shared experiences, and supporting user-initiated suggestions in addition to conventional goals like recommendation accuracy. We are building a Facebook application, PopCore, to study how to support these goals in a real network, using recommendations in the entertainment domain. We describe the design and implementation of the system and initial experiments. We end with a discussion on a set of possible research questions and short-term goals for the system.
IT Outsourcing Strategies: Universalistic, Contingency, and Configurational Explanations of Success

Focus on individual outsourcing decisions in IT research has often yielded contradictory findings and recommendations. To address these contradictions, we investigate a holistic, configurational approach with the prevailing universalistic or contingency perspectives in exploring the effects of IT outsourcing strategies on outsourcing success. Based on residual rights theory, we begin by identifying three dimensions of IT outsourcing strategies: degree of integration, allocation of control, and performance period. We then develop a model of fit-as-gestalt, drawing from literatures on strategy, governance, interorganizational relationships, and outsourcing.Next, based on data from 311 firms in South Korea, we test universalistic and contingency perspectives in explaining the relationship between IT outsourcing strategies and outsourcing success. We then identify three congruent patterns, or gestalts, of IT outsourcing strategies. We term these strategiesindependent, arm's-length, andembedded strategies. To establish the predictive validity of these gestalts and the viability of a configurational perspective, we then explore the effects of these congruent gestalts vis-A -vis noncongruent patterns on three dimensions of outsourcing success:strategic competence,cost efficiency, andtechnology catalysis. We also contrast the effects of each of the three gestalts on each of the three dimensions of outsourcing success. Our findings indicate the superiority of the configurational approach over universalistic and contingency perspectives in explaining outsourcing success.
Title The Structure of IntraGroup Ties : Innovation in Taiwanese Business Groups

Business groups are a network form of multi-business firm that play central economic and technological roles in many emerging economies. We draw from the technology studies literature, complemented by concepts from studies of organizational networks, to investigate how equity, director, and operating ties between firms within groups shape their innovation opportunities. Technology studies suggest that such ties create both opportunities and constraints that influence innovative activity by affiliates and, in aggregate, by a group as a whole – opportunities that arise from access to information, people, money, and other resources, but also constraints that arise from entrenched relationships among different actors. The network literature, in turn, suggests that centrality and density of ties between firms within a group will shape the benefits and constraints. We find that the overall density and individual centrality of the three types of ties affects affiliate and group innovativeness among about 2,000 firms within 263 business groups in Taiwan between 1982 and 2000. Groups that offer affiliates focused access to financial resources and operating knowledge, coupled with autonomy from intra-group competition and strategic interference, often generate fertile opportunities for innovative activity by some of their members. The results also offer implications for multi-business firm innovativeness.
Controller/platform co-design of networked control systems based on density functions

Digital control systems, in which the computational part is distributed over multiple resources are called networked control systems (NCS). Because such systems are often limited in resource usage, a reduction of computing and communication capacities is strictly required. A holistic considerations of control performance and resource usage of the platform will allow a more efficient system design. A mechanism on the sensor node that temporary drops samples in predefined bounds reduces the amount of samples and thus decreases the resource usage. To evaluate the effect of lost samples on the control performance, a model is presented that describes the occurrence of dropped samples in the interval domain. This allows on the one hand to describe the amount of lost samples in an expressive but compared to existing models less pessimistic way. Additional, a representation in the interval domain is able to describe bounds on the worst case behavior. We perform in this paper a case study, where the controller performance degradation is plotted over the resource usage. This allows a design space exploration of controller/platform co-design.
Copper sulphate emesis; a study of afferent pathways from the gastrointestinal tract.

V OMITING is a complicated act which involves the coordinated activities of many motor systems of the body including both the somatic and autonomic nervous outflows. The orderly sequential action of the different muscle groups used in emesis has been clearly demonstrated by the now classical work of Cannon (I). Equally complex is the question of the sensory pathways of vomiting. The roles of the numerous afferents investigated by various workers on this problem are not in agreement. Our investigation concerns the essential sensory pathways for emesis arising from the gastrointestinal tract. Miller (2) studied the afferent nerves in the emetic action of mustard, and concluded that the vagi alone were responsible for this function, since immediately following vagotomy emesis was no longer elicitable; this was not the case after section of the splanchnic nerves. The importance of afferents in the vagus was further stressed by Bayliss (3) who produced vomiting by intraperitoneal injection of staphylococcus enterotoxin and found that emesis rarely occurred following division of the vagi in the acute preparation. Goldberg (4) induced vomiting by distending an isolated pyloric pouch and found that this reflex also disappeared after vagotomy. On the other hand, many workers (5) observed that vagotomy did not interfere with vomiting in man. In addition, Walton, Moore and Graham (6) reported that in order to prevent the vomiting of experimental peritonitis, they had to section both the vagi and the splanchnic nerves. The present report represents the results of a corollary study made during the course of experimental work on the vomiting center (7), in which a considerable quantity of data were amassed on the action of copper sulphate in the elicitation of emesis. This information affords the opportunity for evaluating the relative importance of the various visceral afferent components in vomiting arising from the gastrointestinal tract, and in addition, has uncovered other emetic properties of copper sulphate.
Multidimensional ranking: a new transparency tool for higher education and research

This paper sets out to analyse the need for better “transparency tools” which inform university stakeholders about the quality of universities. First, we give an overview of what we understand by the concept of transparency tools and those that are currently available. We then critique current transparency tools’ methodologies, looking in detail at the question of data sources, the risks involved in constructing league tables and the challenges in using composite indicators. Lastly, we argue in favour of developing a new principle for transparency tools: that of multidimensional ranking.
Hierarchical Combination of Internal and External Domain-Specific Languages for Scientific Computing

To adapt established methods of software engineering for scientific computing, we propose a software development approach for interdisciplinary teams of scientists called Sprat. The approach is organized around a hierarchical architecture that combines internal and external domain-specific languages (DSLs). For its evaluation, Sprat is employed in the implementation of a marine ecosystem model. We highlight what is to be observed while integrating the DSLs into the hierarchy in order to enable a successful cooperation of scientists in interdisciplinary teams as well as to achieve a maintainable code base.
The effect of geometry on the noise characterization of SiGe HBTs and optimized device sizes for the design of low-noise amplifiers

The impacts of various layout configuration and device dimensions on device performance are examined. The geometrical scaling issues including emitter length and emitter stripe-number scaling are used to shift simultaneously the optimum noise and optimum source impedance to a point that is close to 50 /spl Omega/. Via this method, not only is the optimal transistor size for low-noise applications obtained, but the matching network is simplified to reduce the losses of passive networks and the chip area. Based on experimental results, optimum SiGe HBTs and bias suitable for low-noise amplifiers (LNAs) are determined. Via the comparison of the state-of-the-art SiGe LNAs, it is confirmed that this method is effective to obtain better performances. Using the same method, the optimum device size at any bias and any frequency for low-noise applications can also be achieved.
A systematic review of research on the flipped learning method in engineering education

Abstract: The purpose of this article is to describe the current state of knowledge and practice in the flipped learning approach in engineering education and to provide guidance for practitioners by critically appraising and summarizing existing research. This article is a qualitative synthesis of quantitative and qualitative research investigating the flipped learning approach in engineering education. Systematic review was adopted as the research methodology and article selection and screening process are described. Articles published between 2000 and May 2015 were reviewed, and 62 articles were included for a detailed analysis and synthesis. The results indicated that flipped learning gained popularity amongst engineering educators after 2012. The review revealed that research in engineering education focused on documenting the design and development process and sharing preliminary findings and student feedback. Future research examining different facets of a flipped learning implementation, framed around sound theoretical frameworks and evaluation methods, is still needed to establish the pedagogy of flipped learning in teaching engineering. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Global connectivity and multilinguals in the Twitter network

This article analyzes the global connectivity of the Twitter retweet and mentions network and the role of multilingual users engaging with content in multiple languages. The network is heavily structured by language with most mentions and retweets directed to users writing in the same language. Users writing in multiple languages are more active, authoring more tweets than monolingual users. These multilingual users play an important bridging role in the global connectivity of the network. The mean level of insularity from speakers in each language does not correlate straightforwardly with the size of the user base as predicted by previous research. Finally, the English language does play more of a bridging role than other languages, but the role played collectively by multilingual users across different languages is the largest bridging force in the network.
Solving Intelligence Analysis Problems using Biclusters

Analysts must filter through an ever-growing amount of data to obtain information relevant to their investigations. Looking at every piece of information individually is in many cases not feasible; there is hence a growing need for new filtering tools and techniques to improve the analyst process with large datasets. We present MineVis – an analytics system that integrates biclustering algorithms and visual analytics tools in one seamless environment. The combination of biclusters and visual data glyphs in a visual analytics spatial environment enables a novel type of filtering. This design allows for rapid exploration and navigation across connected documents. Through a user study we conclude that our system has the potential to help analysts filter data by allowing them to i) form hypotheses before reading documents and subsequently ii) validating them by reading a reduced and focused set of documents.
The Myth of Wild Elephants: A Social Constructive Analysis of Elephant-human Conflicts in Wild Elephants Valley

Current studies on wildlife tourism focus on two areas: 1) the negative biological effects of tourism activities on wildlife,and 2) the factors influencing tourist's satisfaction.Natural scientific knowledge is dominant in both areas,and such knowledge is based on the dualism between human and animal.Therefore,the praxis knowledge is more important than the scientific knowledge to understand human behavior.Social constructivism is believed to be the paradigm that is beyond the binary opposition between human and nature.From such perspective,knowledge is constructed under unique historical and cultural contexts.Unlike scientific knowledge,the praxis knowledge that determines human behavior is not reflective. This research takes a social constructive angle to analyze the different knowledge of wild elephants from distinct groups of people,and examine how these knowledge lead to human – elephant conflicts in wild life tourism in Wild Elephant Valley,Yunnan Province,China.The findings are summarized as follows.1) In tourists' construct,elephants are lovely animals.They attempt to get closer to wild elephants for a better photo-shot.Yet,according to scientific knowledge,the wild elephant is dangerous.The conflict between the two constructs of knowledge may induce potential threats to tourists' safety.2) In staff's construct,wild elephants are scary according to their previous experiences that wild elephants hurt people,and damaged houses and trees.The appearance of wild elephants signals danger and emergency.3) In local residents' construct,wild elephants are common animals that exist in their daily life.They are not scary or lovely.This study finds that people's knowledge of wild elephants based on their experiences and that resulted from general scientific knowledge are different,even conflict with each other. The existing wild life management paradigm is dominated by the scientific knowledge.It,to a large degree,leads to the separation of the human being and animals and neglects the differences between knowledge from personal experiences and scientific knowledge.This management paradigm not only negatively affects management effectiveness,but also discourages using wildlife tourism as an approach to bonding human and nature together.Social constructivism gets beyond the binary opposition between human and nature and extends human's cognitions and accordingly actions toward wildlife.This study suggests using the integration of scientific knowledge and knowledge based on personal experiences in wildlife tourism development and management.People's emotional and behavioral associations with nature lead to the harmony between human beings and nature,and furthermore,the sustainable development of wildlife tourism.
Mechanism of acute mechanical benefit from VDD pacing in hypertrophied heart: similarity of responses in hypertrophic cardiomyopathy and hypertensive heart disease.

BACKGROUND Dual-chamber pacing can improve symptoms in hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM), but the mechanism remains unclear. We hypothesized that pacing generates discoordinate contraction and a rightward shift of the end-systolic pressure-volume relation (ESPVR) and that benefits from this mechanism do not depend on the presence of resting outflow pressure gradients or obstruction. METHODS AND RESULTS Eleven patients with NYHA class III symptoms, 5 with HCM, and 6 with hypertensive hypertrophy and cavity obliteration, were studied by invasive conductance catheter methods. No patient had coronary artery or primary valvular disease. Pressure-volume relations were recorded before and during VDD pacing by use of a short (75-millisecond) PR interval to achieve preexcitation. Left ventricular cavity pressure was simultaneously recorded at basal and apical sites, with pressure at the basal site used to generate the ESPVRs. VDD pacing shifted the ESPVR rightward, increasing end-systolic volume by 45% (range, 17% to 151%; P=0.002). Resting and provokable gradients declined by 20% (range, -56% to +3%) and 30% (range, -65% to -12%), respectively (P<0.05). Preload declined by 3% to 10% because of the short PR interval. Preload-corrected contractility indexes and myocardial workload declined by approximately 10% (P<0.001). Diastolic compliance and relaxation time were unchanged. Pacing made apical pressure-volume loops discoordinate, limiting cavity obliteration and reducing distal systolic pressures. Results in both patient groups were similar. CONCLUSIONS VDD pacing shifts the ESPVR rightward in HCM patients with cavity obliteration with or without obstruction, increasing end-systolic volumes and reducing apical cavity compression and cardiac work. These effects likely contribute to reduced metabolic demand and improved symptoms.
A New Type of Glycosidic Linkage: An Open-Chain Acetal-Linked N-Acetylgalactosamine in the Core Part of the Lipopolysaccharides from Proteus Microorganisms.

Chemical stability similar to that of a normal glycosidic linkage is displayed by the novel acetal linkage between monosaccharides through the structural element shown. This survives hydrolysis with dilute acetic acid, but is cleaved under the hydrolytic conditions normally used in monosaccharide analysis (2 M HCl)-a possible reason why the structural element has only now been identified.
Heterogeneous spatial patterns of long‐term potentiation in rat hippocampal slices

Although LTP (long‐term potentiation) of synaptic transmission has received much attention as a model for learning and memory, its function within a neural circuit context remains poorly understood. To monitor LTP over an extensive circuit, we imaged responses in hippocampal slices using a voltage‐sensitive dye. Following theta‐burst stimulation, evoked optical signals showed an increase that lasted 40 min or more. Weak stimuli only potentiated the local area around the stimulating electrode, but stronger stimuli induced LTP over a wide area with a complex and non‐uniform spatial pattern. The expression of LTP showed distinct peaks and valleys that depended on which axons were activated. Interestingly, the spatial distribution of LTP bore no relation to the spatial distribution of single‐shock responses, but closely resembled the distribution of postsynaptic spikes evoked by theta bursts. Thus, postsynaptic spikes during induction constitute a critical determinant for the expression of LTP in intact circuits.
Long-term memory loss and the effects of tianeptine in young and aged mice

Summary Previous experiments have shown that tianeptine, a new psychotropic agent with antidepressant properties, improves performance in several learning and memory tasks in mice. In more recent investigations, tianeptine was found to completely alleviate working memory deficits produced by long-term alcohol intoxication and to prevent abnormal memory loss in aged animals (Jaffard et al, 1991b, 1991c). The aim of this paper was to examine how this last finding may be integrated in our understanding of brain mechanisms involved in memory loss. For this purpose, we present a brief review of experimental data and theories which, at different levels of analysis, seems to be relevant to this issue. Together with the subsequent examination of the conditions in which tianeptine was found to improve long-term retention, we suggest that: i) long-term memory loss would be largely determined by the initial encoding of information, so that ii) tianeptine would help aged animals to use spatial mapping or configural associations more efficiently at the time of initial acquisition. This, in turn, suggests that one of the main brain target sites for tianeptine in enhancing memory is the hippocampal formation.
Abnormal structural and functional brain connectivity in gray matter heterotopia

Purpose: Periventricular nodular heterotopia (PNH) is a malformation of cortical development associated with epilepsy and dyslexia. Evidence suggests that heterotopic gray matter can be functional in brain malformations and that connectivity abnormalities may be important in these disorders. We hypothesized that nodular heterotopia develop abnormal connections and systematically investigated the structural and functional connectivity of heterotopia in patients with PNH.