Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Anticipating Daily Intention Using On-wrist Motion Triggered Sensing

Anticipating human intention by observing one’s actions has many applications. For instance, picking up a cellphone, then a charger (actions) implies that one wants to charge the cellphone (intention) (Fig. 1). By anticipating the intention, an intelligent system can guide the user to the closest power outlet. We propose an on-wrist motion triggered sensing system for anticipating daily intentions, where the on-wrist sensors help us to persistently observe one’s actions. The core of the system is a novel Recurrent Neural Network (RNN) and Policy Network (PN), where the RNN encodes visual and motion observation to anticipate intention, and the PN parsimoniously triggers the process of visual observation to reduce computation requirement. We jointly trained the whole network using policy gradient and cross-entropy loss. To evaluate, we collect the first daily “intention” dataset consisting of 2379 videos with 34 intentions and 164 unique action sequences (paths in Fig. 1). Our method achieves 92:68%; 90:85%; 97:56% accuracy on three users while processing only 29% of the visual observation on average.
Thermotectonic Evolution of the North Pyrenean Agly Massif During Early Cretaceous Hyperextension Using Multi‐mineral U‐Pb Thermochronometry

The North Pyrenean Zone represents a fossil hyperextended passive margin, with limited orogenic overprinting, where the thermal and structural patterns associated with crustal thinning and mantle exhumation can be studied on rocks exposed at the surface. The Agly Massif is a tilted ~10‐km‐thick crustal section of Paleozoic and upper Proterozoic magmatic and greenschist to granulitic metamorphic rocks in the easternmost North Pyrenean Zone. We applied multi‐mineral geochronometry and thermochronometry on structural/crustal transects across the massif to understand the exhumation history of the upper and lower continental crust during extreme crustal thinning and mantle exhumation. Integration of zircon and apatite U‐Pb ages provides unprecedented constraints to understand the decoupled versus coupled extensional evolution, exhumation timing of the middle‐lower crust, and the age of juxtaposition of the upper crust granitic pluton with high‐grade gneisses. The Saint Arnac pluton was emplaced and cooled in the upper crust during the Carboniferous and remained at temperatures between 450 and 180 °C until the Late Cretaceous. The middle to lower crust was metamorphosed during the Carboniferous and remained at temperatures >450 °C until the Aptian, when it was rapidly exhumed along a midcrustal shear zone. Deformation was initially decoupled along a midcrustal ductile shear zone until the whole massif was in the brittle field, with structural juxtaposition of the units, and exhumation was coupled and controlled by a major southward dipping detachment fault at the southern border of the massif. The basement massif and synrift sedimentary rocks record significantly different thermal histories during rifting.
An integrated approach to surface modeling in freehand three-dimensional echocardiography

We describe an integrated Bayesian solution to find a left ventricle model, including both epicardium and endocardium surfaces, from freehand 3-D echocardiographic images. The observed images and prior shape knowledge are combined to make the most consistent inference about unknown surface models using the maximum a posteriori rule. Typical model-based computer vision techniques divide the overall problem into two separate low and high-level subproblems. Unlike previous approaches, our approach unifies these two levels through a pixel class prediction mechanism. A putative surface model is generated from a catalog of 86 representative surface models. For each observed pixel, its appearance probability profile from different classes is first computed. Then the class predication probability profile is also computed, based only on the putative surface model. An optimal surface model has the best overall match between these two profiles for all the pixels. The probability models are obtained off-line by the expectation maximization algorithm from 20 training studies. Quantitative experimental results on 25 test studies show the advantage of the integrated approach.
Prevalence of Myopic Maculopathy Among the Very Old: The Ural Very Old Study

Purpose To assess the prevalence of myopic macular degeneration (MMD) in very old individuals. Methods The population-based Ural Very Old Study (UVOS) included 1526 (81.1%) of 1882 eligible inhabitants aged ≥85 years. Assessable fundus images were available for 930 (60.9%) individuals (mean age, 88.6 ± 2.7 years). MMD was defined by macular patchy atrophies (i.e., MMD stage 3 and 4 as defined by the Pathologic Myopia Study Group). Results MMD prevalence was 21 of 930 (2.3%; 95% CI, 1.3–3.3), with 10 individuals (1.1%; 95% CI, 0.4–1.7) having MMD stage 3 and 11 participants (1.2%; 95% CI, 0.5–1.9) MMD stage 4 disease. Within MMD stage 3 and 4, prevalence of binocular moderate to severe vision impairment was 4 of 10 (40%; 95% CI, 31–77) and 7 of 11 (64%; 95% CI, 30–98), respectively, and the prevalence of binocular blindness was 2 of 10 (20%; 95% CI, 0–50) and 3 of 11 (27%; 95% CI, 0–59), respectively. In minor myopia (axial length, 24.0 to <24.5 mm), moderate myopia (axial length, 24.5 to <26.5 mm), and high myopia (axial length, ≥26.5 mm), MMD prevalence in the right eyes was 0 of 46 eyes (0%), 3 of 40 eyes (8%; 95% CI, 0–16), and 7 of 9 (78%; 95% CI, 44–100), respectively; MMD prevalence in the left eyes was 1 in 48 eyes (2%; 95% CI, 0–6), 4 of 36 eyes (11%; 95% CI, 0–22), and 3 of 4 eyes (75%; 95% CI, 0–100), respectively. In multivariable analysis, a higher MMD prevalence (odds ratio, 8.89; 95% CI, 3.43–23.0; P < 0.001) and higher MMD stage (beta, 0.45; B, 19; 95% CI, 0.16–0.22; P < 0.001) were correlated with longer axial length but not with any other ocular or systemic parameter. Conclusions MMD prevalence (stages 3 and 4) in very old individuals increased 8.89-fold for each mm axial length increase, with a prevalence of ≥75% in highly myopic eyes. In old age, highly myopic individuals have a high risk of eventually developing MMD with marked vision impairment.
The conserved ubiquitin-like protein Hub1 plays a critical role in splicing in human cells

Different from canonical ubiquitin-like proteins, Hub1 does not form covalent conjugates with substrates but binds proteins non-covalently. In Saccharomyces cerevisiae, Hub1 associates with spliceosomes and mediates alternative splicing of SRC1, without affecting pre-mRNA splicing generally. Human Hub1 is highly similar to its yeast homolog, but its cellular function remains largely unexplored. Here, we show that human Hub1 binds to the spliceosomal protein Snu66 as in yeast; however, unlike its S. cerevisiae homolog, human Hub1 is essential for viability. Prolonged in vivo depletion of human Hub1 leads to various cellular defects, including splicing speckle abnormalities, partial nuclear retention of mRNAs, mitotic catastrophe, and consequently cell death by apoptosis. Early consequences of Hub1 depletion are severe splicing defects, however, only for specific splice sites leading to exon skipping and intron retention. Thus, the ubiquitin-like protein Hub1 is not a canonical spliceosomal factor needed generally for splicing, but rather a modulator of spliceosome performance and facilitator of alternative splicing.
ORIENTATION OF SYMMETRIC BODIES FALLING IN A SECOND-ORDER LIQUID AT NONZERO REYNOLDS NUMBER

We study the steady translational fall of a homogeneous body of revolution around an axis a, with fore-and-aft symmetry, in a second-order liquid at nonzero Reynolds (Re) and Weissenberg (We) numbers. We show that, at first order in these parameters, only two orientations are allowed, namely, those with a either parallel or perpendicular to the direction of the gravity g. In both cases the translational velocity is parallel to g. The stability of the orientations can be described in terms of a critical value Ec for the elasticity number E = We/Re, where Ec depends only on the geometric properties of the body, such as size or shape, and on the quantity (Ψ1 + Ψ2)/Ψ1, where Ψ1 and Ψ2 are the first and second normal stress coefficients. These results are then applied to the case when the body is a prolate spheroid. Our analysis shows, in particular, that there is no tilt-angle phenomenon at first order in Re and We.
Privacy intrusion detection using dynamic Bayesian networks

Concerns for personal information privacy could be produced during information collection, transmission and handling. In information handling, privacy could be compromised from both inside and outside of organizations. Within an organization, private data are generally protected by organizations' privacy policies and the corresponding platforms for privacy practices. However, private data could still be misused intentionally or unintentionally by individuals who have legitimate accesses to them. In general, activities of a database operator form a stochastic process, and at different time, privacy intrusion behavior may show different features. In particular, one's past activities can help determine the natures of his/her current practices. In this paper, we propose to use dynamic Bayesian networks to model such temporal environments and detect any privacy intrusions happened within them.
The Critical Role of the Colony-Stimulating Factor-1 Receptor in the Differentiation of Myeloblastic Leukemia Cells

How diverse stimuli control hemopoietic lineage development is unknown. An early event during induction of macrophage differentiation in the myeloblastic leukemia M1 cell line by different stimuli, such as leukemia inhibitory factor (LIF) and interleukin-6 (IL-6), is expression of the colony-stimulating factor-1 receptor (CSF-1R). We report that expression of active CSF-1R in M1 cells accelerated their subsequent terminal differentiation into macrophages in response to LIF and IL-6 when compared with cells lacking the CSF-1R or expressing the receptor with compromised kinase activity; however, there was no requirement for signaling through the CSF-1R, for example, via endogenous CSF-1, during the actual LIF-induced and IL-6–induced differentiation stage. Differences were noted in the signaling pathways downstream of the LIF receptor depending on the presence of the CSF-1R. Both LIF and IL-6 gave an additive response with CSF-1, consistent with LIF and IL-6 acting via a different signaling pathway (signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 dependent) than CSF-1 (extracellular signal-regulated kinase dependent). Based at least on this cell model, we propose that terminal macrophage differentiation involves a critical priming or deterministic phase in which signaling by the CSF-1R prepares a precursor population for subsequent rapid terminal macrophage differentiation by diverse stimuli. We also propose that expression and activation of the CSF-1R explain much prior literature on macrophage lineage commitment in M1 leukemic cells and may be important in controlling the progression of certain myeloid leukemias. (Mol Cancer Res 2008;6(3):458–67)
Applications of random forest feature selection for fine‐scale genetic population assignment

Genetic population assignment used to inform wildlife management and conservation efforts requires panels of highly informative genetic markers and sensitive assignment tests. We explored the utility of machine‐learning algorithms (random forest, regularized random forest and guided regularized random forest) compared with FST ranking for selection of single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP) for fine‐scale population assignment. We applied these methods to an unpublished SNP data set for Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) and a published SNP data set for Alaskan Chinook salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha). In each species, we identified the minimum panel size required to obtain a self‐assignment accuracy of at least 90% using each method to create panels of 50–700 markers Panels of SNPs identified using random forest‐based methods performed up to 7.8 and 11.2 percentage points better than FST‐selected panels of similar size for the Atlantic salmon and Chinook salmon data, respectively. Self‐assignment accuracy ≥90% was obtained with panels of 670 and 384 SNPs for each data set, respectively, a level of accuracy never reached for these species using FST‐selected panels. Our results demonstrate a role for machine‐learning approaches in marker selection across large genomic data sets to improve assignment for management and conservation of exploited populations.
Report on the design of component model and composition technology for the Datalog and Prolog variants of the REWERSE languages

This design report outlines the elements of a component model for the REWERSE languages. Instead of defining a special component model for each and every language explicitly, we propose a novel concept to derive a component model from a definition of a language, i.e., from its metamodel. The component models will be used together with invasive software composition [Asmann03], and can thus be employed for generic programming, connector-based programming, view-based programming, and aspect-oriented programming. So far, invasive software composition has been developed for Java and has used Java-based component models. In this paper, we discuss the application of this technology for arbitrary languages and ask the question whether it is possible to derive an invasive component model from a given language. To this end, we present two proposals. The first will show that, in principle, every language construct can be generic (generic construct principle), that is, it is possible to define an isomorphic mapping from each language construct to the generic elements of its component
The importance of nutritional care in HIV-infected children in resource-limited settings

Renewed efforts to provide proper nutritional care are essential for appropriate pediatric HIV management. Current studies support the use of vitamin A and macronutrients that increase caloric and protein intake. With additional research on key issues such as the needed composition and timing for nutritional supplementation, we can determine the best strategies to support the growth and development of HIV-infected children in resource-limited settings. Malnutrition among children is common in the resource-limited settings where HIV infection is most prevalent. While malnutrition is associated with higher morbidity and mortality for HIV-infected children, there is only limited evidence to guide the use of nutritional support for HIV-infected children. The best studied is vitamin A, which is associated with improved mortality and clinical outcomes. Zinc and multivitamin supplementation have not consistently been associated with clinical benefits. Limited research suggests macronutrient supplementation, which typically uses enriched formulas or foods, improves key anthropometrics for HIV-infected children, but the optimal composition of nutrients for supplementation has not been determined. More research is needed to understand the most efficient and sustainable ways to ensure adequate nutrition in this vulnerable population.
Long term survival after primary intracerebral haemorrhage: a retrospective population based study

Objectives: To determine the long term survival and predictors of death in patients with primary intracerebral haemorrhage (ICH) in Central Finland. Methods: Data were collected retrospectively on all adult patients with first ever ICH in Central Finland county between September 1985 and December 1991. The survival of all patients at the end of December 2002 was investigated. Kaplan–Meier survival curves were constructed and factors associated with both early (⩽28 days) and late deaths determined. Long term survival was compared with the general Finnish population of the same age and sex distribution. The causes of death were compared with those of the population of Central Finland. Results: 411 patients with first ever ICH were identified, 199 men (mean age 64.9 years) and 212 women (mean age 69.5); 30 died before hospital admission, and 208 (50.6%) within the first 28 days. In Kaplan–Meier analysis, at 16 years the cumulative survival was 3.2% for men and 9.8% for women. The 28 day survivors had a 4.5-fold increased annual risk of dying during the first year after ICH, and 2.2-fold during years 2 to 6. On admission, significant independent predictors of death within the first four weeks were unconsciousness, lateral shift of cerebral midline structures, mean arterial pressure ⩾134 mm Hg, hyperglycaemia, anticoagulant treatment, and ventricular extrasystoles. Predictors of late death for the 28 day survivors were old age, male sex, and heart failure. Conclusions: Primary intracerebral haemorrhage has a poor short and long term outcome. The results emphasise the importance of primary and secondary prevention for ICH.
Determination of principal axes orientation in an ion trap using matter-wave interference

We investigate the control mechanism of trap frequencies and determine the orientation of ion trap principal axes. The application of DC voltage to the ground electrodes, commonly employed to finely tune trap frequencies in ion traps, leads to the rotation of the trap principal axes. Analyzing the ion matter-wave interference signal enables us to determine the directions of the trap principal axes. Both the experiments and simulations reveal an avoided-crossing behavior resulting from the coupling between the trap radial axes. Additionally, simulations indicate that symmetric trap structures lack this coupling, suggesting that trap structure asymmetry causes coupling between the axes. The findings of this study offer valuable insights into ion traps for diverse applications in quantum science and technology.
gTBLS: Generating Tables from Text by Conditional Question Answering

Distilling large, unstructured text into a structured, condensed form such as tables is an open research problem. One of the primary challenges in automatically generating tables is ensuring their syntactic validity. Prior approaches address this challenge by including additional parameters in the Transformer's attention mechanism to attend to specific rows and column headers. In contrast to this single-stage method, this paper presents a two-stage approach called Generative Tables (gTBLS). The first stage infers table structure (row and column headers) from the text. The second stage formulates questions using these headers and fine-tunes a causal language model to answer them. Furthermore, the gTBLS approach is amenable to the utilization of pre-trained Large Language Models in a zero-shot configuration, presenting a solution for table generation in situations where fine-tuning is not feasible. gTBLS improves prior approaches by up to 10% in BERTScore on the table construction task and up to 20% on the table content generation task of the E2E, WikiTableText, WikiBio, and RotoWire datasets.
Phenology curve estimation via a mixed model representation of functional principal components: Characterizing time series of satellite-derived vegetation indices

Vegetation phenology consists of studying synchronous stationary events, such as the vegetation green up and leaves senescence, that can be construed as adaptive responses to climatic constraints. In this paper, we propose a method to estimate the annual phenology curve from multi-annual observations of time series of vegetation indices derived from satellite images. We fitted the classical harmonic regression model to annual-based time series in order to construe the original data set as realizations of a functional process. Hierarchical clustering was applied to define a nearly homogeneous group of annual (smoothed) time series from which a representative and idealized phenology curve was estimated at the pixel level. This curve resulted from fitting a mixed model, based on functional principal components, to the homogeneous group of time series. Leveraging the idealized phenology curve, we employed standard calculus criteria to estimate the following phenological parameters (stationary events): green up, start of season, maturity, senescence, end of season and dormancy. By applying the proposed methodology to four different data cubes (time series from 2000 to 2023 of a popular satellite-derived vegetation index) recorded across grasslands, forests, and annual rainfed agricultural zones of a Flora and Fauna Protected Area in northern Mexico, we verified that our approach characterizes properly the phenological cycle in vegetation with nearly periodic dynamics, such as grasslands and agricultural areas. The R package sephora was used for all computations in this paper.
Cosmic ray investigations

The history of cosmic ray research at the Lebedev Institute beginning with the first work and continuing up to now is reviewed. The milestones and main avenues of research are outlined. Pioneering studies on the nuclear cascade process in extensive air showers, investigations of the Vavilov–Cherenkov radiation, and some work on the origin of cosmic rays are discussed. Recent data on ultrahigh-energy particle detection at the Pierre Auger Observatory and the High Resolution Fly's Eye (HiRes) experiments are presented.
Coronary artery constriction caused by the cold pressor test in human hypertension.

Hypertensive patients with angiographically normal coronary arteries may have myocardial ischemia when metabolic demand increases. Abnormal epicardial coronary artery vasomotion in response to sympathetic stimulation may contribute to ischemia in such patients. We studied the vasomotor response of smooth coronary arteries to a cold pressor test in 10 hypertensive patients without other risk factors and in 9 control subjects. Vessel dimensions were measured by quantitative angiography, and blood flow was calculated using an intracoronary Doppler catheter in the left anterior descending coronary artery. In response to cold pressor stimulation, arteries of control subjects dilated 13.0 +/- 5.9% (P < .001), and they constricted 8.2 +/- 8.5% in hypertensive patients (P < .001). Rate-pressure product increased from 9466 +/- 1677 to 12,547 +/- 2367 beats per minute (bpm). mm Hg in control subjects (P < .001) and from 13,720 +/- 1823 to 17,353 +/- 2037 bpm.mm Hg in hypertensive patients (P < .001). Coronary blood flow velocity and blood flow increased 51 +/- 26% (P < .05) and 87 +/- 27% (P < .001), respectively, in control subjects and 68 +/- 52% (P < .05) and 36 +/- 33% (P < .01) in hypertensive patients. At peak cold pressor test, despite a significant higher rate-pressure product in hypertensive patients, blood flow was similar in both groups, suggesting an uncoupling between myocardial metabolic demand and supply. Thus, hypertension impairs the vasodilator response of angiographically normal coronary arteries to a cold pressor test. This abnormal response may be due to enhanced catecholamine reactivity and/or impairment of endothelial flow-mediated vasodilator response.