Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Micronuclei versus Chromosomal Aberrations Induced by X-Ray in Radiosensitive Mammalian Cells

BACKGROUND An experimental study was accomplished to compare estimation methods of ionizing radiations genotoxicity in mammalian cell cultures by means of two cytogenetic parameters with focus on aberrant cells characterized by multiple chromosomal damages. METHODS In vitro study was carried out on the genotoxicity of low-medium doses of 190 kV X-rays absorbed in Chinese hamster ovary cell cultures. Micronuclei and ten types of chromosomal aberrations were identified with Giemsa dying and optical microscope screening. RESULTS The first parameter consisting in micronuclei relative frequency has led to higher linear correlation coefficient than the second one consistent with chromosomal aberrations relative frequency. However, the latter parameter estimated as the sum of all chromosomal aberrations appeared to be more sensitive to radiation dose increasing in the studied dose range, from 0 to 3 Gy. The number of micronuclei occurring simultaneously in a single cell was not higher than 3, while the number of chromosomal aberrations observed in the same cell reached the value of 5 for doses over 1 Gy. CONCLUSION Polynomial dose-response curves were evidenced for cells with Ni micronuclei (i=1,3) while non-monotonic curves were evidenced through detailed analysis of aberrant cells with Ni chromosomal changes [Formula: see text] - in concordance with in vitro studies from literature. The investigation could be important for public health issues where micronucleus screening is routinely applied but also for research purposes where various chromosomal aberrations could be of particular interest.
Smoke rings from smoke

We give an algorithm which extracts vortex filaments ("smoke rings") from a given 3D velocity field. Given a filament strength h > 0, an optimal number of vortex filaments, together with their extent and placement, is given by the zero set of a complex valued function over the domain. This function is the global minimizer of a quadratic energy based on a Schrödinger operator. Computationally this amounts to finding the eigenvector belonging to the smallest eigenvalue of a Laplacian type sparse matrix. Turning traditional vector field representations of flows, for example, on a regular grid, into a corresponding set of vortex filaments is useful for visualization, analysis of measured flows, hybrid simulation methods, and sparse representations. To demonstrate our method we give examples from each of these.
Expose, Heed, and Coordinate Care: Priorities for Mental Health Promotion and Suicide Prevention

In the 1970s, psychosocial problems in children were the “newmorbidity,” becoming, as Haggerty et al predicted, the most common chronic condition for pediatric visits.1 In the 1980s, the new morbidity was recognized as “hidden,” with pediatricians identifying only a fraction of the children with significant psychiatric disorders.2 In the 1990s, child mental health problems were labeled the “unheeded new morbidity,” with evidence to show that once identified, most children with emotional and behavioral problems do not receive appropriate services and supports.3 And, in the 2000s, the President’s New Freedom Commission onMental Health assessed the country’s mental health system as “fragmented and in disarray” and recommended a total restructuring of our approach to mental health care.4
The challenges of using an intrusion detection system: is it worth the effort?

An intrusion detection system (IDS) can be a key component of security incident response within organizations. Traditionally, intrusion detection research has focused on improving the accuracy of IDSs, but recent work has recognized the need to support the security practitioners who receive the IDS alarms and investigate suspected incidents. To examine the challenges associated with deploying and maintaining an IDS, we analyzed 9 interviews with IT security practitioners who have worked with IDSs and performed participatory observations in an organization deploying a network IDS. We had three main research questions: (1) What do security practitioners expect from an IDS? ; (2) What difficulties do they encounter when installing and configuring an IDS? ; and (3) How can the usability of an IDS be improved? Our analysis reveals both positive and negative perceptions that security practitioners have for IDSs, as well as several issues encountered during the initial stages of IDS deployment. In particular, practitioners found it difficult to decide where to place the IDS and how to best configure it for use within a distributed environment with multiple stakeholders. We provide recommendations for tool support to help mitigate these challenges and reduce the effort of introducing an IDS within an organization.
Longest Common Circular Chains of Maximal Unique Matches between Bacterial Genomes

The aim of this study is to compare complete genomes to identi fy preserved large DNA fragments in order to analyse evolution process. For this purpose, we propose an efficient m thod to identify conserved regions between multiple geno mes. We first transform each complete genome into a permutation of Maximal Unique Matches (MUMs). Secondly, we compute the longest common sequence of MUMs in the same order in all th e genomes. This permits to define conserved genome segments as long DNA fragments having MUMs in the same order a nd to analyse evolution events as reversal or transposition of this fragments.Finally, we propose some genomic distanc es based on MUMs and conserved genome segments length and number.
Lattice-based computation of boolean functions

This paper studies the implementation of Boolean functions with lattices of two-dimensional switches. Each switch is controlled by a Boolean literal. If the literal is 1, the switch is connected to its four neighbours; else it is not connected. Boolean functions are implemented in terms of connectivity across the lattice: a Boolean function evaluates to 1 iff there exists a top-to-bottom path. The paper addresses the following synthesis problem: how should we map literals to switches in a lattice in order to implement a given target Boolean function? We seek to minimize the number of switches. Also, we aim for an efficient algorithm - one that does not exhaustively enumerate paths. We exploit the concept of lattice and Boolean function duality. We demonstrate a synthesis method that produces lattices with a number of switches that grows linearly with the number of product terms in the function. Our algorithm runs in time that grows polynomially.
Congenital unilobar pulmonary lymphangiectasis

A premature female infant is described in whom a cystic malformation of the left lung was observed on the second day of life. A lobectomy was carried out on day 31 of life, and histological examination revealed congenital pulmonary lymphangiectasis with isolated left upper lobe involvement. Pediatr Pulmonol. 1999; 27:290–292. © 1999 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Performance of State-ofthe-Art Cryptography on ARM-based Microprocessors

ARM has designed many processors, and has extended its product portfolio by diversifying its CPU development. This resulted in the new processor family with the name ”Cortex”. There are three profiles in this family, namely 1) Cortex-A: Application processors that are designed to handle complex applications, such as high-end embedded operating systems. Example products include high-end smart phones, tables, home gateways, televisions, drones, etc. The Raspberry Pi also uses the Cortex-A processor. 2) Cortex-R: Real-time, high-performance processors targeted primarily at the higher end of the realtime market. Example products are hard drive controllers, baseband controllers for cellular radio communciation, and automotive systems. 3) Cortex-M: Processors targeting applications where low cost, and energy efficiency play an important role. Currently, there are the following Cortex-M processors on the market: Cortex-M0, M0+, M3, M4 and the recently released M7). Each of these processors provides different capabilities for different market segments [1].
Mechanisms of pattern formation in development and evolution

We present a classification of developmental mechanisms that have been shown experimentally to generate pattern and form in metazoan organisms. We propose that all such mechanisms can be organized into three basic categories and that two of these may act as composite mechanisms in two different ways. The simple categories are cell autonomous mechanisms in which cells enter into specific arrangements (`patterns') without interacting, inductive mechanisms in which cell communication leads to changes in pattern by reciprocal or hierarchical alteration of cell phenotypes (`states') and morphogenetic mechanisms in which pattern changes by means of cell interactions that do not change cell states. The latter two types of mechanism can be combined either morphostatically, in which case inductive mechanisms act first, followed by the morphogenetic mechanism, or morphodynamically, in which case both types of mechanisms interact continuously to modify each other's dynamics. We propose that this previously unexplored distinction in the operation of composite developmental mechanisms provides insight into the dynamics of many developmental processes. In particular, morphostatic and morphodynamic mechanisms respond to small changes in their genetic and microenvironmental components in dramatically different ways. We suggest that these differences in `variational properties' lead to morphostatic and morphodynamic mechanisms being represented to different extents in early and late stages of development and to their contributing in distinct ways to morphological transitions in evolution.
Radar Remote Sensing of Forests Using CARABAS and ERS

Forests cover more than 30% of the Earth's land surface, and represent an important resource. In order to manage this resource effectively, accurate and up-to-date information is required on the extent and state of the forests. Radar remote sensing offers the possibility of providing some of this information. This thesis studies the potential of two SAR (synthetic aperture radar) systems for measuring forest stem volume. Case studies, of Scandinavian coniferous forests, have been used to develop models, which can be used to help interpret the results, to improve parameter retrieval accuracy, and to make predictions about the capabilities of the techniques. Firstly, repeat-pass interferometry with the ERS (European Remote Sensing) satellite has been investigated. The coherence measurements presented show the potential for estimating stem volume. Unfortunately, the accuracy of stem volume retrieval is unreliable, depending on weather conditions. In the best cases, standwise estimates of stem volume show accuracies similar to those obtained with ground-based methods. The use of coherence for detecting disturbance of the forest (clear-cutting) is also investigated, showing the possibility of using repeat-pass satellite interferometry for monitoring changes in forest cover. CARABAS is a very low frequency (VHF-band), high-resolution, airborne SAR system. Using long wavelengths (3-15 m), CARABAS penetrates forest canopies, and measures backscattering from the tree trunks. The theories and observations presented indicate that the scattering strength is directly related to stem volume, and that stem volume retrieval with CARABAS has potentially high accuracy. In particular, CARABAS is suited for dense forests, where other remote sensing techniques fail. The backscatter is very sensitive to terrain slopes; which must be corrected for when estimating stem volume. A model has been developed for this purpose, indicating the feasibility of compensating for the effects of slopes.
An isolated household grid-connected photovoltaic power system

An isolated grid-connected photovoltaic (PV) power system for household is proposed and the control strategy of the system is presented in this paper. The proposed PV system employs an interleaved boost converter as the first power-processing stage, which can boost a low voltage of PV array up to a high dc-bus voltage. In the traditional isolated PV system, industrial low-frequency transformers are often used for electrical isolation. However, with the shortage of large volume, great weight and high noise, it is not suitable for household application. In this paper, dual active bridge (DAB) is used as the second power-processing stage to achieve high-frequency isolation and a fullbridge inverter is used as the third power-processing stage which can stabilize the dc-bus voltage and shape the output current. At last, a 1.5KW prototype has been built and verify the design presented in this paper.
Rapid automated tracing and feature extraction from retinal fundus images using direct exploratory algorithms

Algorithms are presented for rapid, automatic, robust, adaptive, and accurate tracing of retinal vasculature and analysis of intersections and crossovers. This method improves upon prior work in several ways: automatic adaptation from frame to frame without manual initialization/adjustment, with few tunable parameters; robust operation on image sequences exhibiting natural variability, poor and varying imaging conditions, including over/under-exposure, low contrast, and artifacts such as glare; does not require the vasculature to be connected, so it can handle partial views; and operation is efficient enough for use on unspecialized hardware, and amenable to deadline-driven computing, being able to produce a rapidly and monotonically improving sequence of usable partial results. Increased computation can be traded for superior tracing performance. Its efficiency comes from direct processing on gray-level data without any preprocessing, and from processing only a minimally necessary fraction of pixels in an exploratory manner, avoiding low-level image-wide operations such as thresholding, edge detection, and morphological processing. These properties make the algorithm suited to real-time, on-line (live) processing and is being applied to computer-assisted laser retinal surgery.
Accelerating External Search with Bitstate Hashing-Extended Abstract -

In this paper we refine external exploration for explicit state model checking by a fusion with internal bitstate hashing. External A* provides a method to cope up with large state spaces by efficiently utilizing secondary storage devices like harddisk to maintain the open and closed lists. Duplicates are removed by a two-level refinement scheme that involves sorting a subset of the open list externally and subtracting a small subset of closed list from the open list. The bottleneck in External A* [7] is the duplicates removal phase that dominates the I/O complexity of External A*. Bitstate hashing provides a solution to faster duplicates removal by utilizing only few bits for each state. But bitstate hashing is faced with the problem of having no support for large open list and for solution reconstruction. We present a strategy to accelerate external search by using bitstate hashing for duplicates removal. Case studies with our experimental external explicit state model checker IO-HSF-SPIN illustrate the effectiveness of the proposed algorithms.
Course of COPD Assessment Test (CAT) Scores During Bacterial Exacerbations of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease Treated in Outpatient Setting

Introduction : COPD Assessment Test (CAT) is an 8-items questionnaire for assessment of health status in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Objective : To evaluate the course of CAT scores during bacterial exacerbations of COPD treated in outpatient setting. Methods : We performed an observational, prospective study including 81 outpatients (57 males and 24 females, aged 43 to 74 years) with bacterial exacerbation of COPD. All participants completed CAT at initial visit (i.e. at the time of diagnosis of exacerbation and beginning of its treatment), 10 and 30 days after initial visit. Mean scores of each item, as well as the overall mean score, at these time points were compared. Results : The mean scores for each CAT question at initial visit varied from 2.6 to 3.5, whereas the mean scores for each CAT question 10 days after initial visit varied from 1.7 to 2.6. We registered significant reduction of the mean overall CAT score 10 days after initial visit as compared to its value at initial visit of 6.9 ± 2.7 points (16.8 vs 23.7; P < 0.001). The mean scores for each CAT question 30 days after initial visit varied from 1.3 to 2.4. We registered reduction of mean overall CAT score 30 days after initial visit as compared to its score 10 days after initial visit of 2.9 ± 1.2 points (13.9 vs 16.8; P < 0.005). The mean overall CAT score 30 days after initial visit was reduced for 9.8 ± 4.5 points as compared to its value at initial visit (13.9 vs 23.7; P < 0.001). Conclusion : We found significant improvement in the patient’s health status during recovery from exacerbation as compared to their health status at the time of exacerbation confirming the CAT as an effective tool to measure health status in patients with COPD.
A Helical Model of Media Competition , Innovation and Performance

This paper argues that Industrial Organization theory is essential but not sufficient to understand the individual and collective performance of modern media organizations. Institutional economics is an important source of theory, too. Whereas Industrial organization emphasizes market structural conditions that stimulate strategic variety and product differentiation, institutional economics emphasizes institutional conditions that require companies to be similar. A discussion of the basic assumptions of industrial organization and institutional economics, followed by an extensive review of media performance studies in these traditions, substantiates and illustrates this claim. The paper concludes with a number of hypotheses for future media market performance research.
Challenges Experienced at Age 100: Findings From the Fordham Centenarian Study

ABSTRACT This article examines the challenges experienced by very old individuals and their consequences for well-being and mental health. In order to capture unique issues experienced in very old age, 75 participants of the population-based Fordham Centenarian Study answered open-ended questions on everyday challenges. Theme-based coding was then used to categorize and quantify responses. The challenges mentioned most often were challenges faced in the functional (e.g., physical health/activities of daily living restrictions, mobility, sensory impairment), psychological (e.g., loss of well-liked activity, dependency, negative emotions, death), and social (e.g., family loss) life domains. Functional challenges were negatively associated with aging satisfaction and positively associated with loneliness. Psychological challenges were positively linked to aging satisfaction. Social challenges were marginally related to loneliness. Notably, challenges were not related to depression. In conclusion, the challenges experienced in very old age are multidimensional and multifaceted, unique in nature, and have differential relations to mental health. Functional, psychological, and social challenges affect very old individuals’ lives and therefore need to be better understood and addressed. Given their consequences, it is imperative for policy makers to develop an awareness for the different types of challenges faced by centenarians, as there may be unique policy implications related to each.
Intraoperative Imaging Modalities and Compensation for Brain Shift in Tumor Resection Surgery

Intraoperative brain shift during neurosurgical procedures is a well-known phenomenon caused by gravity, tissue manipulation, tumor size, loss of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), and use of medication. For the use of image-guided systems, this phenomenon greatly affects the accuracy of the guidance. During the last several decades, researchers have investigated how to overcome this problem. The purpose of this paper is to present a review of publications concerning different aspects of intraoperative brain shift especially in a tumor resection surgery such as intraoperative imaging systems, quantification, measurement, modeling, and registration techniques. Clinical experience of using intraoperative imaging modalities, details about registration, and modeling methods in connection with brain shift in tumor resection surgery are the focuses of this review. In total, 126 papers regarding this topic are analyzed in a comprehensive summary and are categorized according to fourteen criteria. The result of the categorization is presented in an interactive web tool. The consequences from the categorization and trends in the future are discussed at the end of this work.
Smartphone Instrument for Portable Enzyme- Linked Immunosorbent Assays

We demonstrate the utilization of a smartphone camera as a spectrometer that is capable of measuring Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assays (ELISA) at biologically-relevant concentrations with the aid of a custom cradle that aligns a diffraction grating and a collimating lens between a light source and the imaging sensor. Two example biomarkers are assayed using conventional ELISA protocols: IL-6, a protein used diagnostically for several types of cancer, and Ara h 1, one of the principle peanut allergens. In addition to the demonstration of limits of detection at medically-relevant concentrations, a screening of various cookies was completed to measure levels of peanut cross-contamination in local bakeries. The results demonstrate the utility of the instrument for quantitatively performing broad classes of homogeneous colorimetric assays, in which the endpoint readout is the color change of a liquid sample. Accuracy of a point-of-care ELISA test kit for predicting the presence of protective canine parvovirus and canine distemper virus antibody concentrations in dogs, " Vet. Field examination of ground water quality as an indicator of microbiological activity at gasoline contaminated sites, " Chemosphere Review of rapid tests available for measuring the quality changes in frying oils and comparison with standard methods, " Crit. of colorimetric loop-mediated isothermal amplification assay for visual detection of Streptococcus agalactiae and Streptococcus iniae in tilapia, " Lett. Design and implementation of a smartphone-based portable ultrasound pulsed-wave doppler device for blood flow measurement, " IEEE Trans. Ultrason. Ferroelectr. Freq. Mobile phone based clinical microscopy for global health applications, " PLoS ONE 4(7), e6320 (2009). A personalized food allergen testing platform on a cellphone, " Lab Chip 13(4), 636–640 (2013). Dyed red, green, and blue photoresist for manufacture of high-resolution color filter arrays for image sensors, " in 2003), 298–306. 18. H. Eliasson, " Color calibration of a CMOS digital camera for mobile imaging, " in Society of Photo-Optical A novel microfluidic microplate as the next generation assay platform for enzyme linked immunoassays (ELISA), " Lab A luminescent oxygen channeling immunoassay for the determination of insulin in human plasma, " J. " Development of a homogeneous immunoassay for the detection of angiotensin I in plasma using AlphaLISA acceptor beads technology, " Anal. hand-powered, portable, low-cost centrifuge for diagnosing anemia in low-resource settings, " Am. Egg beater as centrifuge: isolating human blood plasma from whole blood in resource-poor settings, " Blood filtration for multiplexed point-of-care diagnostic devices, " (University of Toronto, 2012). 26. …