Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Mitochondrial Dysfunction in Heart Failure: From Pathophysiological Mechanisms to Therapeutic Opportunities

Mitochondrial dysfunction, a feature of heart failure, leads to a progressive decline in bioenergetic reserve capacity, consisting in a shift of energy production from mitochondrial fatty acid oxidation to glycolytic pathways. This adaptive process of cardiomyocytes does not represent an effective strategy to increase the energy supply and to restore the energy homeostasis in heart failure, thus contributing to a vicious circle and to disease progression. The increased oxidative stress causes cardiomyocyte apoptosis, dysregulation of calcium homeostasis, damage of proteins and lipids, leakage of mitochondrial DNA, and inflammatory responses, finally stimulating different signaling pathways which lead to cardiac remodeling and failure. Furthermore, the parallel neurohormonal dysregulation with angiotensin II, endothelin-1, and sympatho-adrenergic overactivation, which occurs in heart failure, stimulates ventricular cardiomyocyte hypertrophy and aggravates the cellular damage. In this review, we will discuss the pathophysiological mechanisms related to mitochondrial dysfunction, which are mainly dependent on increased oxidative stress and perturbation of the dynamics of membrane potential and are associated with heart failure development and progression. We will also provide an overview of the potential implication of mitochondria as an attractive therapeutic target in the management and recovery process in heart failure.
Evaluating Training Data for Crop Type Classifıcation Using Support Vector Machine and Random Forests

This study evaluated the effectiveness of three different training datasets for crop type classification using both support vector machines (SVMs) and random forests (RFs). In supervised classification, one of the main facing challanges is to define the training set for the full representation of land use/cover classes. The adaptation of traning data, with the implemented classifier and its characteristics (purity, size and distribution of sample pixels), are of key importance in this context. The experimental results were compared in terms of the classification accuracy with 10-fold cross validation. Results suggest that higher classification accuracies were obtained by less number of training samples. Furthermore, it is highlighted that both methods (SVMs and RFs) are proven to be the effective and powerful classifiers for crop type classification.
Impact of coexisting type 2 diabetes mellitus on the urinary microbiota of kidney stone patients

Objectives Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) commonly complicates kidney stone disease (KSD). Our objective is to investigate the variations in the urinary microbiota between individuals with KSD alone and those with KSD plus T2DM. This exploration could have implications for disease diagnosis and treatment strategies. Methods During lithotripsy, a ureterscope was employed, and 1 mL of urine was collected from the renal pelvis after bladder disinfection. Sequencing targeting the V3–V4 hypervariable region was performed using the 16S rRNA and Illumina Novaseq platform. Results The Shannon index showed a significant decrease in the KSD plus T2DM group compared to the KSD-only group (false discovery rate = 0.041). Principal Coordinate Analysis (PCoA) demonstrated a distinct bacterial community in the KSD plus T2DM group compared to the KSD-only group (false discovery rate = 0.027). The abundance of Sphingomonas, Corynebacterium, and Lactobacillus was significantly higher in the KSD plus T2DM group than in the KSD-only group (false discovery rate < 0.05). Furthermore, Enhydrobacter, Chryseobacterium, and Allobaculum were positively correlated with fasting blood glucose and HbA1c values (P < 0.05). Conclusions The urinary microbiota in the renal pelvis exhibits differences between patients with KSD plus T2DM and those with KSD alone. Further studies employing animal models are necessary to validate these distinctions, potentially paving the way for therapeutic developments based on the urinary microbiota.
Determination of relationship between basement faults and alteration zones in Bafq-Esfordi region, central Iran

The remote sensing was utilized for mineral exploration specifically to look for the presence of altered minerals. In addition, airborne magnetic data have been used for modelling of basement faults/structures. Furthermore, these data provide a synoptic view, which is helpful in the identification and delineation of various land forms, linear features and structural elements. Moreover, mapping geological lineaments is essential for regional exploration of hydrothermal deposits. The aim of this study is the determination of relationship between faults/structures and hydrothermal alteration zones based on geophysical and remote sensing data in the Esfordi area, central Iran. Basement faults were extracted by magnetic airborne data and alteration zones were detected using remote sensing data. Statistical and geostatistical parameters were determined in this area including correlation between areas of alteration zones and distances to faults, variograms and anisotropic ellipsoid. These reveal that there is a direct correlation between alteration zones and basement faults in the study area.
Acupuncture Topics on Twitter (Currently X) in English and Japanese: Co-occurrence Network Analysis

Background With the growth of social media, there has been an increase in health-related studies utilizing data obtained from such sites and applications. Although acupuncture is used as a complementary alternative medicine worldwide, there is little research on acupuncture utilizing social media data. This study investigates the topics related to acupuncture on Twitter, currently known as X, in English and Japanese. Methods We collected tweets containing the English word “acupuncture” and its Japanese equivalent using Twitter's application programming interface from January 1, 2022 to December 31, 2022. After extracting the top 50 frequently occurring words from the collected tweet texts separately for each language, we conducted a co-occurrence network analysis for those words, in order to evaluate the patterns of their occurrence. Results A total of 70,435 English tweets from 41,939 users and 188,671 Japanese tweets from 81,093 users were analyzed after excluding retweets and duplicate tweets. The co-occurrence network analysis revealed that topics related to pain, other complementary and alternative medicines, and acupuncture-related experiences were common in both languages. However, explanatory topics such as needle use, Chinese medicine, and body points were specific to English tweets, while those about beauty care were specific to Japanese tweets. Conclusion The number of tweets regarding acupuncture and the number of users who posted them were both higher in Japanese than in English. Some acupuncture topics were common in both languages, while other topics were specific to each language. The findings of this study provide valuable insights into understanding information about acupuncture on social media.
Proteasome localization and activity in pig brain and in vivo small molecule screening for activators

Introduction Loss of proteasome function, proteinopathy, and proteotoxicity may cause neurodegeneration across the human lifespan in several forms of brain injury and disease. Drugs that activate brain proteasomes in vivo could thus have a broad therapeutic impact in neurology. Methods Using pigs, a clinically relevant large animal with a functionally compartmental gyrencephalic cerebral cortex, we evaluated the localization and biochemical activity of brain proteasomes and tested the ability of small molecules to activate brain proteasomes. Results By Western blotting, proteasome protein subunit PSMB5 and PSMA3 levels were similar in different pig brain regions. Immunohistochemistry for PSMB5 showed localization in the cytoplasm (diffuse and particulate) and nucleus (cytoplasm < nucleus). Some PSMB5 immunoreactivity was colocalized with mitochondrial (voltage-gated anion channel and cyclophilin D) and cell death (Aven) proteins in the neuronal soma and neuropil in the neocortex of pig and human brains. In the nucleus, PSMB5 immunoreactivity was diffuse, particulate, and clustered, including perinucleolar decorations. By fluorogenic assay, proteasome chymotrypsin-like activities (CTL) in crude tissue soluble fractions were generally similar within eight different pig brain regions. Proteasome CTL activity in the hippocampus was correlated with activity in nasal mucosa biopsies. In pilot analyses of subcellular fractions of pig cerebral cortex, proteasome CTL activity was highest in the cytosol and then ~50% lower in nuclear fractions; ~15–20% of total CTL activity was in pure mitochondrial fractions. With in-gel activity assay, 26S-singly and -doubly capped proteasomes were the dominant forms in the pig cerebral cortex. With a novel in situ histochemical activity assay, MG132-inhibitable proteasome CTL activity was localized to the neuropil, as a mosaic, and to cell bodies, nuclei, and centrosome-like perinuclear satellites. In piglets treated intravenously with pyrazolone derivative and chlorpromazine over 24 h, brain proteasome CTL activity was modestly increased. Discussion This study shows that the proteasome in the pig brain has relative regional uniformity, prominent nuclear and perinuclear presence with catalytic activity, a mitochondrial association with activity, 26S-single cap dominance, and indications from small molecule systemic administration of pyrazolone derivative and chlorpromazine that brain proteasome function appears safely activable.
Adsorption Effect of Theobroma Cacao Extract On Steel Surface to Protect Corrosion Rate

Research has been carried out to slow down the corrosion rate of steel by using biomass waste inhibitors of cocoa pod extract (Theobroma cacao). The steel is pre-soaked in the inhibitor for 24, 72, 120, and 168 hours. Then followed by immersion in corrosive HCl media with variations of time, namely 48, 96, and 144 hours. Characterization of corrosion rate by weight loss method, surface morphology by optical microscopy, Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), and Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM). Phase analysis that occurs with X-Ray Diffraction (XRD), and the Density Functional Theory (DFT) method to analyze the shape of the molecular structure, geometry, HOMO and LUMO contours. The weight loss method gives the best results with the lowest corrosion rate of 0.2972 mg.cm2/hour and an inhibition efficiency of 74.7128% for steel soaked in inhibitor for 168 hours and in HCl for 48 hours. Morphological analysis using optical microscopy and SEM showed that the longer it was immersed in the inhibitor, the flatter the surface and the fewer cracks it had. The XRD results also showed that there were four sharp peaks of the crystalline Fe and C phases due to the reaction between the steel surface and the inhibitor. AFM analysis shows that the adsorption formed on the surface is directly proportional to the length of immersion in the inhibitor. Analysis of the DFT method shows that the greater the EHOMO, the easier it is for a molecule to donate its electrons, so that the greater its ability to protect against corrosion. Optimization and calculation of tannin compounds that react with the steel surface resulted in a fairly high inhibition efficiency of the cocoa pod extract inhibitor, which was 80.2098%.
Large Language Model Augmented Contrastive Sentence Representation Learning

In this work, we propose an approach which uses large language model augmentation to boost contrastive sentence representation learning. This thesis builds upon the unsupervised SimCSE approach by using paraphrases generated by large language models such as ChatGPT and Vicuna. First, we generate a new sentence dataset and then empirically determine a suitable prompt for paraphrase generation, using metrics that measure sentence similarity and lexical and syntactical structure. After generating paraphrases for each sentence in the dataset, we use them as positive examples during contrastive learning, whereas unsupervised SimCSE only relies on dropout. Our models manage to outperform the unsupervised SimCSE models on semantic textual similarity tasks, by employing our paraphrase training method or only using the new sentence dataset in the unsupervised SimCSE training framework. We also perform an analysis on the STS datasets and compare alignment and uniformity of our models to the SimCSE models.
Bacteria from Fildes Peninsula carry class 1 integrons and antibiotic resistance genes in conjugative plasmids

Abstract A total of 63 psychrotolerant bacteria exhibiting resistance to various antibiotics, such as ampicillin, streptomycin and/or trimethoprim, were isolated from diverse sites varying in terms of human influence, from obvious presence to probable absence, on Fildes Peninsula (King George Island, South Shetland Islands). The presence of class 1 integrons in some of these antibiotic resistant isolates was further determined. Plasmids from two isolates (HP19 and CN11) were transferred to Escherichia coli DH5α by conjugation. Sequence analysis of the plasmid from the HP19 isolate exhibited high similarity (~99%) to plasmid p34998-210.894kb of Enterobacter hormaechei subsp. steigerwaltii of clinical origin and confirmed the presence of a dfrA14 cassette in a class 1 integron context. 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis of five of these psychrotolerant isolates indicated similarity with environmental bacteria previously identified as Enterobacter species. Together, these results confirm that there may be no pristine niches for antibiotic resistance gene dissemination.
Cardiorenal syndrome in patients with heart failure as a stage of the cardiorenal continuum (part 2): prognosis, prevention and treatment

Cardiorenal syndrome in patients with heart failure is a regular link in the chain of cardiorenal continuum. Physicians of various specialties may encounter patients with cardiorenal syndrome: general practitioners, cardiologists, nephrologists, resuscitators, anesthetists, cardiac surgeons, etc. The currently definition, classification, pathogenesis, diagnosis and epidemiology of cardiorenal syndrome in patients with heart failure were presented in first part of our review. In the second part, prognosis, approaches to the prevention and treatment of cardiorenal syndrome in patients with heart failure are discussed. They include the treatment of cardiovascular pathology and heart failure in accordance with current guidelines for the prevention of episodes of acute and decompensated chronic heart failure; diet; smoking cessation, alcohol, nephrotoxic substances; body *Контакты/Contacts. E-mail: elenaresnik@gmail.com R E V I E W A R T I C L E S The Russian Archives of Internal Medicine • No 2 • 2019 94 weight, blood pressure and glycemia control; angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors, angiotensin receptor antagonists or angiotensin receptors and neprilisin inhibitors (ARNI), statins; reducing of the abdominal pressure and others. It is necessary to develop and introduce new approaches to nephroprotection in patients with cardiorenal syndrome, which is possible with the joint work of a multidisciplinary team.
Photovoltaic Array Dynamic Reconﬁguration Based on an Improved Pelican Optimization Algorithm

: After prolonged operation, external objects may obstruct the photovoltaic (PV) array, resulting in prolonged partial shading. The dynamic reconﬁguration of PV arrays uses a switch matrix to change the electrical positions of the PV cells in the array, and it is an effective method to solve the problem of partial shading. Most of the current dynamic reconﬁgurations only consider the optimization of power output. Neglecting the switch actions will increase the number of switch matrix actions, making the switch control more complex and reducing the lifespan of devices. To address power optimization and switch action optimization simultaneously during dynamic reconﬁguration, this paper introduces a novel objective function. This function combines power optimization and switch action optimization in a weighted manner. Based on the novel function, the algorithm prioritizes optimizing the electrical positions of PV cells with larger shading values. This ensures that the PV array can improve its output while signiﬁcantly reducing the number of switch actions. The Pelican Optimization Algorithm (POA) is improved and employed to optimize the proposed objective function. In terms of the output power optimization, the effectiveness of the novel objective function with the improved POA is validated by comparing and analyzing the reconﬁguration results with the conventional objective functions under four shading scenarios. The results demonstrate that the novel objective function with the improved POA increases the output power by 30% in short and wide shadow and achieves the highest power output. Moreover, the tests conducted on dynamic reconﬁguration results with different weights validate the effectiveness of the novel objective function in minimizing switching actions while improving power output.
Transcriptomic and Physiological Analysis of the Effects of Exogenous Phloretin and Pterostilbene on Resistance Responses of Stylosanthes against Anthracnose

Anthracnose caused by Colletotrichum gloeosporioides is a destructive disease of Stylosanthes (stylo). Combination treatment of phloretin and pterostilbene (PP) has been previously shown to effectively inhibit the conidial germination and mycelial growth of C. gloeosporioides in vitro. In this study, the effects of PP treatment on the growth of C. gloeosporioides in vivo and the biocontrol mechanisms were investigated. We found that exogenous PP treatment could limit the growth of C. gloeosporioides and alleviate the damage of anthracnose in stylo. Comparative transcriptome analysis revealed that 565 genes were up-regulated and 239 genes were down-regulated upon PP treatment during the infection by C. gloeosporioides. The differentially expressed genes were mainly related to oxidative stress and chloroplast organization. Further physiological analysis revealed that application of PP after C. gloeosporioides inoculation significantly reduced the accumulation of O2•− level and increased the accumulation of antioxidants (glutathione, ascorbic acid and flavonoids) as well as the enzyme activity of total antioxidant capacity, superoxide dismutase, catalase, glutathione reductase, peroxidase and ascorbate peroxidase. PP also reduced the decline of chlorophyll a + b and increased the content of carotenoid in response to C. gloeosporioides infection. These results suggest that PP treatment alleviates anthracnose by improving antioxidant capacity and reducing the damage of chloroplasts, providing insights into the biocontrol mechanisms of PP on the stylo against anthracnose.
Joint Category Compactness and Disturbance Reduction for Cross-Domain Classification

In cross-domain classification, the conventional methods typically focus on enhancing sample correlation to address domain shift. However, these methods often overlook a critical factor influencing classifier decisions, i.e., the discrimination between the nearest instances from different categories. To address this issue, this article proposes a novel joint category compactness and disturbance reduction (CCDR) method for cross-domain classification. CCDR aims to enhance the discriminative capability of transformed features by addressing two fundamental aspects, which are the reinforcement of intraclass compactness and the reduction of irrelevant feature interference, respectively. To enhance intraclass compactness, CCDR introduces two metrics, a locality metric and a cluster metric within categories. These metrics can facilitate a shift in the data distribution perspective from domain-centric to category-centric, thereby augmenting the tightness of intraclass data clusters. To reduce the influence of irrelevant information, CCDR proposes a nearest-class discriminant strategy. This strategy widens the margin between the nearest instances from different categories, thereby effectively minimizing classifier misjudgments. Additionally, CCDR adopts Mahalanobis distance metric instead of Euclidean distance matric to capture feature correlations more effectively. The experimental results on five datasets demonstrate that CCDR outperforms some state-of-the-art methods in terms of cross-domain classification accuracy. Additionally, t-test results reveal a significant difference between the experimental results of CCDR and those of most comparison methods.
Induction of Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress by Prodigiosin in Yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae

Prodigiosin, a red pigment produced by numerous bacterial species, exerts various antibiotic effects on prokaryotic and eukaryotic organisms. For instance, human carcinoma cell lines appear to suffer from endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress in the presence of prodigiosin. Here, we demonstrated that prodigiosin also triggers the unfolded-protein response (UPR), which is a cytoprotective response against ER stress, in yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae. An S. cerevisiae mutant carrying a UPR-deficient mutation was hypersensitive to prodigiosin. Our observations cumulatively indicate that protein folding in the ER is impaired by prodigiosin, illustrating a new mode of action.
Pola Kepemimpinan Organisasi Muhammadiyah

Tujuan penulisan ini berusaha mengungkap pola kepemimpinan organisasi Muhammadiyah. Data penelitian berupa data literer yang diperoleh dari perpustakaan dan lembaga kearsipan. Data yang telah terkumpul dikritik, baik internal ataupun eksternal, sehingga didapatkan data yang valid dan otentik. Selanjutnya data-data tersebut dianalisis dengan dua metode, yakni metode sejarah dan induktif. Penelitian ini menyimpulkan, bahwa Pola kepemimpinan Muhammadiyah pada masa-masa awal perkembangannya, cenderung bersifat kharismatik. Kepemimpinan pada organisasi tersebut lebih didasarkan karena mereka memiliki kewibawaan personal sebagai seorang ulama intelek. Baru dalam perkembangan lebih lanjut, yaitu pada tahun 1990 an Muhammadiyah memiliki pola kepemimpinan yang bersifat Legal-rasional. Pada masa ini Muhammadiyah dipimpin oleh figur intelektual akademisi yang memiliki wawasan keulamaan. Disamping itu, masa kepemimpinan Muhammadiyah relatif pendek, hanya satu atau dua periode.
Smith ScholarWorks Smith ScholarWorks

The visual input created by the relative motion between an individual and the environment, also called optic ﬂow, inﬂuences the sense of self-motion, postural orientation, veering of gait, and visuospatial cognition. An optic ﬂow network comprising visual motion areas V6, V3A, and MT+, as well as visuo-vestibular areas including posterior insula vestibular cortex (PIVC) and cingulate sulcus visual area (CSv), has been described as uniquely selective for parsing egomotion depth cues in humans. Individuals with Parkinson’s disease (PD) have known behavioral deﬁcits in optic ﬂow perception and visuospatial cognition compared to age-and education-matched control adults (MC). The present study used functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) to investigate neural correlates related to impaired optic ﬂow perception in PD. We conducted fMRI on 40 non-demented participants (23 PD and 17 MC) during passive viewing of simulated optic ﬂow motion and random motion. We hypothesized that compared to the MC group, PD participants would show abnormal neural activity in regions comprising this optic ﬂow network. MC participants showed robust activation across all regions in the optic ﬂow network, consistent with studies in young adults, suggesting intact optic ﬂow perception at the neural level in healthy aging. PD participants showed diminished activity compared to MC particularly within visual motion area MT+ and the visuo-vestibular region CSv. Further, activation in visuo-vestibular region CSv was associated with disease severity. These ﬁndings suggest that behavioral reports of impaired optic ﬂow perception and visuospatial performance may be a result of impaired neural processing within visual motion and visuo-vestibular regions in PD.