Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Predictive Clinicopathologic and Dynamic Contrast-Enhanced MRI Findings for Tumor Response to Neoadjuvant Chemotherapy in Triple-Negative Breast Cancer.

OBJECTIVE The purpose of this study is to investigate whether clinicopathologic factors and dynamic contrast-enhanced MRI (DCE-MRI) features are associated with pathologic tumor response to neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NAC) in patients with triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC). MATERIALS AND METHODS Seventy-three patients with TNBC who underwent pre-NAC MRI, completed NAC, and underwent surgery between January 2009 and December 2010 were included in the study. MRI features and clinicopathologic factors for predicting pathologic responses were analyzed, and residual tumor sizes, as measured using MRI and surgical specimens, were evaluated. RESULTS Of 73 study patients, 20 (27%) had a pathologic complete response (pCR). Homogeneous enhancement on pre-NAC MRI (odds ratio from multivariate analysis, 14.66) and a concentric shrinkage pattern of tumor volume reduction on post-NAC MRI (odds ratio, 8.63) were independently associated with pCR. Residual tumor sizes, as measured using MRI and surgical specimens, showed a strong correlation (r = 0.652, p < 0.001). The correlation for residual tumor sizes was stronger for patients with pCR (r = 0.600, p < 0.001) and those with a concentric shrinkage pattern (r = 0.818, p < 0.001) than for patients with a response other than near pCR or pCR (i.e., the non-pCR group) (r = -0.128, p = 0.590) and patients with a dendritic shrinkage pattern of tumor volume reduction (r = 0.270, p = 0.182). CONCLUSION Homogeneous enhancement of tumors on pre-NAC MRI and the presence of a concentric shrinkage pattern after NAC are associated with pCR in patients with TNBC. Residual tumor sizes on MRI and surgical specimens tended to show a stronger correlation in the pCR group or the concentric shrinkage group than in the non-pCR group or the dendritic shrinkage group.
Comparative study between Hfe‐/‐ and β2m‐/‐ mice: progression with age of iron status and liver pathology

Hepatic iron overload in hemochomatosis patients can be highly variable but in general it develops in older patients. The purpose of this study was to compare development of iron load in of β2m‐/‐ and Hfe‐/‐ mice paying special attention to liver pathology in older age groups. Liver iron content of β2m‐/‐, Hfe‐/‐ and control B6 mice of different ages (varying from 3 weeks to 18 months) was examined. Additional parameters (haematology indices, histopathology, lipid content and ferritin expression) were also studied in 18‐month‐old mice. The β2m‐/‐ strain presents higher hepatic iron content, hepatocyte nuclear iron inclusions, mitochondria abnormalities. In addition, hepatic steatosis was a common observation in this strain. In the liver of Hfe‐/‐ mice, large mononuclear infiltrates positive for ferritin staining were commonly observed. The steatosis commonly observed the β2m‐/‐ mice may be a reflection of its higher hepatic iron content. The large hepatic mononuclear cell infiltrates seen in Hfe‐/‐ stained for ferritin, may point to the iron sequestration capacity of lymphocytes and contribute to the clarification of the differences found in the progression of hepatic iron overload and steatosis in older animals from the two strains.
Pricing Asian options in a semimartingale model

In this paper we studyy arithmetic Asian options when the underlying stock is driven by special semimartingale processes. We show that the inherently path dependent problem of pricing Asian options can be transformed into a problem without path dependence in the payoff function. We also show that the price is driven by a process with independent increments, Levy processes being a special case. This approach applies for both discretely or continuously options.
First-principles study of elastic and slip properties of non-canonical β-based Al–Cu–Fe approximants

ABSTRACT Ab initio calculations were carried out to compare the mechanical properties of β-based non-canonical Al–Cu–Fe approximants of quasicrystals with cubic (β), monoclinic (η) and orthorhombic (ξ1, ξ2) structures, which all demonstrate high strengthening. The aim was to elucidate the competitive effects of the η- and ξ-ordering and iron content on deformation behaviour of these phases. We found that the Young’s modulus, polycrystalline shear modulus, mechanical stability and shear elastic modulus G(n,m) for different slip planes decrease for β-Al50Cu1-xFex with lowering iron content, but they grow from β-Al50Cu31.25Fe18. 75 to the ordered η-Al50Cu45Fe5, and ξ2-Al45.5Cu50Fe4. 5 that indicates a growing resistance to plastic deformation due to ordering and agrees well with our experimental finding. The preferable slip systems were predicted based on the calculated generalised stacking fault (GSF) energies in β-(Cu,Fe)Al and η-(Cu,Fe)Al with similar Fe concentration. The GSF energies confirmed also that the strengthening observed in η-phase is related to ordering rather than the Fe effect in consistence with a stronger covalent bonding in η-phase.
Quality of service routing for service level agreement conformance in optical networks

The present paper presents a framework for managing quality of service in future WDM core optical networks. These networks solve the bandwidth problem but transmit complexity to the control and management layers. Part of this complexity is handled by the generalized multiprotocol label switching (GMPLS) control plane. The latter, however, cannot tackle the new challenges posed by emerging applications requiring more than bandwidth guaranteed connections. In this paper, we first study the requirements of applications and the proposed quality of service in GMPLS, and then, we try to fill up the gap between both, with a focus on the transmission delay. The resulting framework will enable the optical network to meet the exigencies of new services
Comparison of Molecular Methods for Detection of HPV in Oral and Oropharyngeal Squamous Cell Carcinoma

Substantial molecular evidence exists to implicate human papillomavirus (HPV) in the pathogenesis of a subset of oral and oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinomas. Several studies have shown that HPV-associated oral/oropharyngeal tumors differ etiologically, biologically, and clinically from those that lack the virus. HPV infection confers a significant survival benefit; therefore, HPV detection in tumors could be used to risk-stratify patients and drive optimum treatment strategies. We explored the clinical utility of 6 polymerase chain reaction (PCR)-based or signal amplification-based methods in the detection of HPV in 68 invasive oral/oropharyngeal SSCs and 10 reactive tonsil specimens. Agreement for HPV16 results among the 5 different assays capable of detecting this genotype was substantial (multirater &kgr;=0.72). Only moderate agreement was noted for the 3 assays capable of detecting HPV18 (multirater &kgr;=0.43). HPV results for each assay were evaluated relative to a “majority” HPV result derived from the results of all the detection methods. An HPV16 E6 PCR assay showed the highest concordance with adjudicated consensus HPV16 results (98.7%; &kgr;=0.97), followed by the TaqMan (93.4%; &kgr;=0.87), Linear Array (92.1%; &kgr;=0.84), and E7 PCR (92.1%; &kgr;=0.84) assays, all of which had agreements exceeding 90%, whereas the HPV16/18 Invader assay was lower (85.5%; &kgr;=0.71). The presence of high-risk HPV in a minority of “normal” tonsillar tissues may confound assessment of the virus in oral/oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma biopsies using in vitro amplification methods.
When motion appears stopped: Stereo motion standstill

Motion standstill is different from the usual perceptual experiences associated with objects in motion. In motion standstill, a pattern that is moving quite rapidly is perceived as being motionless, and yet its details are not blurred but clearly visible. We revisited motion standstill in dynamic random-dot stereograms similar to those first used by Julesz and Payne [Julesz B, Payne R (1968) Vision Res 8:433–444]. Three improvements were made to their paradigm to avoid possible confounds: The temporal frequency of the motion stimuli was manipulated independently from that of individual stereo gratings so that the failure of motion perception is not due to inability to compute stereo. The motion of the stereo gratings was continuous across the visual field so that the perceived pattern in motion standstill was not a simple average of a back-and-forth display wobble over time. Observers discriminated three spatial frequencies to demonstrate pattern recognition. Three objective psychophysical methods, instead of merely self-report, were used to objectively demonstrate motion standstill. Our results confirm that motion standstill occurs in dynamic random-dot stereogram motion displays at 4–6 Hz. Motion standstill occurs when the stimulus spatiotemporal frequency combination exceeds that of the salience-based third-order motion system in a spatiotemporal frequency range in which the shape and depth systems still function. The ability of shape systems to extract a representative image from a series of moving samples is a significant component of a biological system's ability to derive a stable perceptual world from a constantly changing visual environment.
Drosophila endocytic neoplastic tumor suppressor genes regulate Sav/Wts/Hpo signaling and the c-Jun N-terminal kinase pathway

Genetic screens in the fruit fly Drosophila melanogaster have identified a class of neoplastic tumor suppressor genes (endocytic nTSGs), which encode proteins that localize to endosomes and facilitate the trafficking of membrane-bound receptors and adhesion molecules into the degradative lysosome. Loss of endocytic nTSGs transforms imaginal disc epithelia into highly proliferative, invasive tissues that fail to differentiate and display defects in cellular apicobasal polarity, adhesion and tissue architecture. As vertebrate homologs of some Drosophila nTSGs are linked to tumor formation, identifying molecular changes in signaling associated with nTSG loss could inform understanding of neoplastic transformation in vertebrates. Here we show that mutations in genes that act at multiple steps of the endolysosomal pathway lead to autonomous activation of the Sav/Wts/Hpo (SWH) transcriptional effector Yki (YAP/TAZ in vertebrates) and the Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK), which is known to promote Yki activity in cells with disrupted polarity. Yki and JNK activity are elevated by mutations at multiple steps in the endolysosomal pathway including mutations in the AP-2σ gene, which encodes a component of the AP-2 adaptor complex that recruits cargoes into clathrin-coated pits for subsequent internalization. Moreover, reduction of JNK activity can decrease elevated Yki-signaling caused by altered endocytosis. These studies reveal a broad requirement for components of the endocytic pathway in regulating SWH and JNK outputs, and place Drosophila endocytic nTSGs into a network that involving two major signaling pathways implicated in oncogenesis.
Experimental Evaluation of an Instructional Supporting Tool in Distance Learning

This paper describes a controlled experiment concerning the use of a learning aid during an open and distance learning (ODL) course. The core issue of investigation is whether this instructional aid can support, guide, and scaffold the distant student in his/her study. For this purpose, a controlled experiment was conducted with the participation of 191 undergraduate students at the department of informatics at a university in Greece. The considered domain was two lessons concerning human-computer interaction (HCI), the first in usability engineering and the second in interface evaluation methodologies. A test session was also conducted to collect data on the assessment of the effectiveness of the proposed tool. Descriptive statistics as well as a variety of statistical methods have been applied to the collected data in order to test the research hypotheses. The results have shown a statistically significant difference in performance for the student group that used the tool. In order to validate these results, a validity evaluation was also considered and presented. Finally, concerns about the application of the tool in a broader context and further research on the area are also presented.
Pupillary Reflex Shapes and Topical Clinical Diagnosis

IN CLINICAL EXAMINATIONS of the pupils, most neurologists and ophthalmologists are satisfied with the statement that both pupils are round, of “average” and equal size, and react promptly to light and near vision. When these characteristics are present the pupils are called “normal. ’’ Such limited examinations reveal only a small fraction of the cases with pupillary pathology, namely those in which the pupils are grossly deformed, in which the reflex movements are markedly sluggish, inextensive, or absent, or in which anisocoria is visible. They do not make use of the sensitive and accurate diagnostic system which can be derived from the careful analysis of the pattern of pupillary movements. Analysis of reflex shapes is not new to the clinician. The patellar reflex, for example, is not described solely as to unilateral or bilateral increase, decrease, or absence. Equally important are observations as to the shape of the reflex, whether the reflex is spastic or clonic, inhibited or exaggerated by psychological or other factors, and whether it is limited to the proper effector muscle or muscle groups. Such observations are routinely included in the findings of clinical examinations. Pupillary movements and reflexes, similarly, may not only be slower or less extensive than normal. They may show an even greater variety of pathologic reflex shapes than those seen in deep reflexes. The iris is an ideal indicator of autonomic reflex activity. This membrane with its freely floating edge is unimpeded by mechanical weights, and its movements, unlike those of other autonomic structures, can be recorded without even touching the body. All pupillary reactions, both of contraction and dilation, are typically integrated autonomic reflexes. Functional or organic damage to the nervous centers or pathways which normally control the iris results in characteristic changes of the re0ex pattern. It is the purpose of this paper to describe the abnormalities of the reflex pattern most frequently encountered in pupillographic examinations and to show their significance in topical diagnosis.
Electronic Cigarettes on Hospital Campuses

Smoke and tobacco-free policies on hospital campuses have become more prevalent across the U.S. and Europe, de-normalizing smoking and reducing secondhand smoke exposure on hospital grounds. Concerns about the increasing use of electronic cigarettes (e-cigarettes) and the impact of such use on smoke and tobacco-free policies have arisen, but to date, no systematic data describes e-cigarette policies on hospital campuses. The study surveyed all hospitals in North Carolina (n = 121) to assess what proportion of hospitals have developed e-cigarette policies, how policies have been implemented and communicated, and what motivators and barriers have influenced the development of e-cigarette regulations. Seventy-five hospitals (62%) completed the survey. Over 80% of hospitals reported the existence of a policy regulating the use of e-cigarettes on campus and roughly half of the hospitals without a current e-cigarette policy are likely to develop one within the next year. Most e-cigarette policies have been incorporated into existing tobacco-free policies with few reported barriers, though effective communication of e-cigarette policies is lacking. The majority of hospitals strongly agree that e-cigarette use on campus should be prohibited for staff, patients, and visitors. Widespread incorporation of e-cigarette policies into existing hospital smoke and tobacco-free campus policies is feasible but needs communication to staff, patients, and visitors.
An Integrated Platform for Heterogeneous Reconfigurable Computing

To our knowledge, it is the first time that a project creates a set of high level tools allowing to program different kind of reconfigurable units assembled in a System on Chip. This paper explains the general ideas followed to provide a software centric execution model, and techniques used to build a new framework open to various languages and technologies. Assessment of the framework will be achieved on a set of state of the art tools from industry and academy, applied to an heterogeneous multi-purpose reconfigurable circuit (MORPHEUS Project).
Cornering metastases: therapeutic targeting of circulating tumor cells and stem cells

The last decade has witnessed an evolution of our understanding of the biology of the metastatic cascade. Recent insights into the metastatic process show that it is complex, dynamic, and multi-directional. This process starts at a very early stage in the natural history of solid tumor growth leading to early development of metastases that grow in parallel with the primary tumor. The role of stem cells in perpetuating cancer metastases is increasingly becoming more evident. At the same time, there is a growing recognition of the crucial role circulating tumor cells (CTCs) play in the development of metastases. These insights have laid the biological foundations for therapeutic targeting of CTCs, a promising area of research that aims to reduce cancer morbidity and mortality by preventing the development of metastases at a very early stage. The hematogenous transport phase of the metastatic cascade provides critical access to CTCs for therapeutic targeting aiming to interrupt the metastatic process. Recent advances in the fields of nanotechnology and microfluidics have led to the development of several devices for in vivo targeting of CTC during transit in the circulation. Selectin-coated tubes that target cell adhesion molecules, immuno-magnetic separators, and in vivo photo-acoustic flow cytometers are currently being developed for this purpose. On the pharmacological front, several pharmacological and immunological agents targeting cancer stem cells are currently being developed. Such agents may ultimately prove to be effective against circulating tumor stem cells (CTSCs). Although still in its infancy, therapeutic targeting of CTCs and CTSCs offers an unprecedented opportunity to prevent the development of metastasis and potentially alter the natural history of cancer. By rendering cancer a “local” disease, these approaches could lead to major reductions in metastasis-related morbidity and mortality.
Generating non-Gaussian adiabatic fluctuations from inflation

As the quality of cosmological data continue to improve, it is natural to test the statistics of primordial fluctuations: are they Gaussian or non-Gaussian? I review a model which generates non-Gaussian adiabatic fluctuations from inflation. Current investigations suggest that there may possibly be a non-Gaussian signal in large angle cosmic microwave background anisotropy data. Statistics of microwave anisotropies could thus serve as a powerful probe of the very early Universe.
PVC AS A POTENTIAL FILTER MATERIAL FOR IONISING RADIATION

Introduction: Aluminum (Al) is a standard material that has been used as a filter for ionising radiation however for polyvinyl chloride (PVC) there is no solid evidence to support but has been recommended. PVC has been selected as a potential filter material due to it is a long lasting constructing material and very durable, which can be used in a variety of application. The purpose of this study was to observe the effect of PVC on entrance surface dose (ESD) values as compare to the standard X-ray filter of Al. Method: The effect of varying thickness of the materials and difference exposure settings were observed and compared to each other. Result: From this study, the percentage difference for both PVC and Al thickness is less than ± 25.00%. Conclusion: The finding suggests that PVC has a potential to be used as one of the filter materials due to its ability to reduce the ESD value.
Ethanol Microsensors with a Readout Circuit Manufactured Using the CMOS-MEMS Technique

The design and fabrication of an ethanol microsensor integrated with a readout circuit on-a-chip using the complementary metal oxide semiconductor (CMOS)-microelectro-mechanical system (MEMS) technique are investigated. The ethanol sensor is made up of a heater, a sensitive film and interdigitated electrodes. The sensitive film is tin dioxide that is prepared by the sol-gel method. The heater is located under the interdigitated electrodes, and the sensitive film is coated on the interdigitated electrodes. The sensitive film needs a working temperature of 220 °C. The heater is employed to provide the working temperature of sensitive film. The sensor generates a change in capacitance when the sensitive film senses ethanol gas. A readout circuit is used to convert the capacitance variation of the sensor into the output frequency. Experiments show that the sensitivity of the ethanol sensor is 0.9 MHz/ppm.
The Development, Evolution, and Modifications of ICD-10: Challenges to the International Comparability of Morbidity Data

Background:The United States is about to make a major nationwide transition from ICD-9-CM coding of hospital discharges to ICD-10-CM, a country-specific modification of the World Health Organization's ICD-10. As this transition occurs, the WHO is already in the midst of developing ICD-11. Given this context, we undertook this review to discuss: (1) the history of the International Classification of Diseases (a core information “building block” for health systems everywhere) from its introduction to the current era of ICD-11 development; (2) differences across country-specific ICD-10 clinical modifications and the challenges that these differences pose to the international comparability of morbidity data; (3) potential strategic approaches to achieving better international ICD-11 comparability. Literature Review and Discussion:A literature review and stakeholder consultation was carried out. The various ICD-10 clinical modifications (ICD-10-AM [Australia], ICD-10-CA [Canada], ICD-10-GM [Germany], ICD-10-TM [Thailand], ICD-10-CM [United States]) were compared. These ICD-10 modifications differ in their number of codes, chapters, and subcategories. Specific conditions are present in some but not all of the modifications. ICD-11, with a similar structure to ICD-10, will function in an electronic health records environment and also provide disease descriptive characteristics (eg, causal properties, functional impact, and treatment). Conclusion:The threat to the comparability of international clinical morbidity is growing with the development of many country-specific ICD-10 versions. One solution to this threat is to develop a meta-database including all country-specific modifications to ensure more efficient use of people and resources, decrease omissions and errors but most importantly provide a platform for future ICD updates.
Chemical modification of carbohydrates in tissue sections may unmask mucin antigens

Abstract Expression of mucins in cells and tissues is of great diagnostic and prognostic importance, and immunohistochemistry frequently is used to detect them. Reports concerning mucin localization in sections sometimes are conflicting, however, partly because immunogenic regions of the mucin molecule may be masked and thus not available for binding to an antibody. We modified carbohydrates in tissue sections chemically to enhance the binding of monoclonal mucin antibodies and of the lectin, Vicia villosa B4, to human tissue. The immunohistochemical localization of MUC1 and the simple mucin-type antigens, Tn and sialyl-Tn, was influenced by oxidation with periodic acid and by β-elimination before incubation. In some epithelial cells the staining was prevented by these procedures while in other cells it was evident. It appears that chemical modification can either destroy some antigen binding sites or unmask cryptic antigen binding sites in the mucin molecule and thereby make them accessible for immunohistochemical detection.