Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
ffi cient Are Information Markets ? Evidence from an Online Exchange ∗

Do observed inefficiencies in betting markets generalize to real financial markets? Evidence from an online exchange with characteristics of both types of markets suggests they do not. This study replicates some known anomalies in sports wagering markets on the online exchange, such as overreaction to news. The observed inefficiencies do not generalize to other wagering markets, such as financial markets, even though both markets have similar liquidity, volume and contractual structure. These results suggest researchers should proceed with caution before drawing analogies between sports wagering markets and real financial markets. They also show that financial markets can be efficient despite numerous obstacles to arbitrage. ∗I am grateful to the National Science Foundation and Harvard University for their financial support. David Laibson, John Campbell, Jeremy Stein, Andrei Shleifer, Robert Hahn, Philip Tetlock, Barbara Mellers, Terry Murray and seminar participants at Harvard University have provided valuable comments contributing to this article. Nathan Tefft assisted in the programming of the data extraction algorithm. All mistakes in this draft are my own. †Department of Economics, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138; e-mail: tetlock@fas.harvard. edu.
ELF: maximizing memory-level parallelism for GPUs with coordinated warp and fetch scheduling

Graphics processing units (GPUs) are increasingly utilized as throughput engines in the modern computer systems. GPUs rely on fast context switching between thousands of threads to hide long latency operations, however, they still stall due to the memory operations. To minimize the stalls, memory operations should be overlapped with other operations as much as possible to maximize memory-level parallelism (MLP). In this paper, we propose Earliest Load First (ELF) warp scheduling, which maximizes the MLP by giving higher priority to the warps that have the fewest instructions to the next memory load. ELF utilizes the same warp priority for the fetch scheduling so that both are coordinated. We also show that ELF reveals its full benefits when there are fewer memory conflicts and fetch stalls. Evaluations show that ELF can improve the performance by 4.1% and achieve total improvement of 11.9% when used with other techniques over commonly-used greedy-then-oldest scheduling.
In Vitro Investigations of Human Bioaccessibility from Reference Materials Using Simulated Lung Fluids

An investigation for assessing pulmonary bioaccessibility of metals from reference materials is presented using simulated lung fluids. The objective of this paper was to contribute to an enhanced understanding of airborne particulate matter and its toxic potential following inhalation. A large set of metallic elements (Ba, Cd, Co, Cr, Cu, Mn, Ni, Pb, Sr, and Zn) was investigated using three lung fluids (phosphate-buffered saline, Gamble’s solution and artificial lysosomal fluid) on three standard reference materials representing different types of particle sources. Composition of the leaching solution and four solid-to-liquid (S/L) ratios were tested. The results showed that bioaccessibility was speciation- (i.e., distribution) and element-dependent, with percentages varying from 0.04% for Pb to 86.0% for Cd. The higher extraction of metallic elements was obtained with the artificial lysosomal fluid, in which a relative stability of bioaccessibility was observed in a large range of S/L ratios from 1/1000 to 1/10,000. For further investigations, it is suggested that this method be used to assess lung bioaccessibility of metals from smelter-impacted dusts.
Longitudinal effect of eteplirsen versus historical control on ambulation in Duchenne muscular dystrophy

To continue evaluation of the long‐term efficacy and safety of eteplirsen, a phosphorodiamidate morpholino oligomer designed to skip DMD exon 51 in patients with Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD). Three‐year progression of eteplirsen‐treated patients was compared to matched historical controls (HC).
Inhomogeneous Totally Asymmetric Simple Exclusion Processes: Simulations, Theory and Application to Protein Synthesis

In the process of translation, ribosomes, a type of macromolecules, read the genetic code on a messenger RNA template (mRNA) and assemble amino acids into a polypeptide chain which folds into a functioning protein product. The ribosomes perform discrete directed motion that is well modeled by a totally asymmetric simple exclusion process (TASEP) with open boundaries. We incorporate the essential components of the translation process: Ribosomes, cognate tRNA concentrations, and mRNA templates correspond to particles (covering ` > 1 sites), hopping rates, and the underlying lattice, respectively. As the hopping rates in an mRNA are given by its sequence (in the unit of codons), we are especially interested in the effects of a finite number of slow codons to the overall stationary current. To study this matter systematically, we first explore the effects of local inhomogeneities, i.e., one or two slow sites of hopping rate q 1 and notice that the existence of local defects has qualitatively similar effects to the steady state. We focus on the stationary current as well as the density profiles. If there is only a single slow site in the system, we observe a significant dependence of the current on the location of the slow site for both ` = 1 and ` > 1 cases. In particular, we notice a novel “edge” effect, i.e., the interaction of a single slow codon with the system boundary. When two slow sites are introduced, more intriguing phenomena such as dramatic decreases in the current when the two are close together emerge. We analyze the simulation results using several different levels of mean-field theory. A finite-segment mean-field approximation is especially successful in understanding the “edge effect. ” If we consider the systems with finite defects as “contrived mRNA’s”, the real mRNA’s are of more biological significance. Inspired by the previous results, we study several mRNA sequences from Escherichia coli. We argue that an effective translation rate including the context of each codon needs to be taken into consideration when seeking an efficient strategy to optimize the protein production. This work is supported by the NSF through Grant Nos. DMR-0414122, DMR-0705152 and DGE-0504196.
Ndel1 Controls the Dynein-mediated Transport of Vimentin during Neurite Outgrowth*

Ndel1, the mammalian homologue of the Aspergillus nidulans NudE, is emergently viewed as an integrator of the cytoskeleton. By regulating the dynamics of microtubules and assembly of neuronal intermediate filaments (IFs), Ndel1 promotes neurite outgrowth, neuronal migration, and cell integrity (1–6). To further understand the roles of Ndel1 in cytoskeletal dynamics, we performed a tandem affinity purification of Ndel1-interacting proteins. We isolated a novel Ndel1 molecular complex composed of the IF vimentin, the molecular motor dynein, the lissencephaly protein Lis1, and the cis-Golgi-associated protein αCOP. Ndel1 promotes the interaction between Lis1, αCOP, and the vimentin-dynein complex. The functional result of this complex is activation of dynein-mediated transport of vimentin. A loss of Ndel1 functions by RNA interference fails to incorporate Lis1/αCOP in the complex, reduces the transport of vimentin, and culminates in IF accumulations and altered neuritogenesis. Our findings reveal a novel regulatory mechanism of vimentin transport during neurite extension that may have implications in diseases featuring transport/trafficking defects and impaired regeneration.
Medical Students’ Opinions Regarding Possible Influence of Culture and Social Issues on Health Seeking Behaviour

Introduction: Cultural, social and ethnic issues have a major impact on healthcare and care-seekingbehaviour. Xavier University School of Medicine admits students from a diversity of backgrounds. Acultural beliefs project where interested students were invited to present about their ‘country of origin’was initiated. Participant perceptions about the project, and information regarding their preparationfor the same and their perceptions about migration and cultural diversity was explored using focusgroup discussions (FGD). Materials and Methods: The opinions of interested students regardingpossible influence of cultural and social issues on healthcare and healthcare seeking behaviour wasstudied. Twelve students eventually presented. These students were provided guidance to initiatetheir project. Participants presented briefly about their country of origin. Following the presentationthe students were invited to participate in FGD. The FGDs were held in a neutral venue and wereaudio-recorded. The recordings were listened to by the authors multiple times and written transcriptscreated. Statements were grouped together using the various categories mentioned in the FGDguide. Results: A total of 11 individuals participated in the FGDs. Among the countries presentedwere: Hispaniola (Haiti and the Dominican Republic), Sri Lanka, Greece, Nigeria, Ethiopia, China,Venezuela, Iran, Jordan and Lebanon. Detailed information was obtained about the respondent’sperception on migrating to the adopted country, about participating in the cultural beliefs project,how they prepared their write-ups and presentations, influence of cultural issues on health andhealthcare seeking behaviour. Their perceptions regarding practicing in a multicultural society,preparing for these challenges and whether the western political and cultural system adequately meetsthe needs of immigrants was also discussed. Conclusion: The presentations and interactions whichoccurred during the cultural beliefs project provided participants and members of the audience withinformation about the beliefs of the presented cultures with regard to health and healthcare seekingbehaviour. A similar project could be considered with other interested students in the institution. Asimilar project may be useful in other schools with a diverse student population.
Large-Scale Grain Mantle Disruption in the Galactic Center

We present observations of C2H5OH toward molecular clouds in Sgr A and Sgr B2 and associated with thermal and nonthermal features in the Galactic center (GC). C2H5OH emission in Sgr A and Sgr B2 is widespread but not uniform. C2H5OH emission is much weaker, or it is not detected in some molecular clouds in both complexes, in particular those with radial velocities between 70 and 120 km s-1. While most of the clouds associated with the thermal features do not show C2H5OH emission, that associated with the nonthermal radio arc shows emission. The fractional abundance of C2H5OH in most of the clouds with radial velocities between 0 and 70 km s-1 in Sgr A and Sgr B2 is relatively high, of a few times 10-8. The C2H5OH abundance decreases by more than a factor of 10 (≲10-9) in the clouds associated with the thermal features. The large abundance of C2H5OH in the gas phase indicates that C2H5OH has formed in grains and released to gas phase by shocks in the last ~105 yr. The implications of this finding in the origin of the shocks in the GC is briefly discussed.
Supplementary Material for The Generalized PatchMatch Correspondence Algorithm

1 Overview In our submission, we elided less important details from the sections on k-nearest neighbors, enrichment, and the parallel tiled algorithm (Sections 3.2, 3.3, and 3.6, respectively, of the submission), and referred the interested reader to the supplementary material. Therefore, the supplementary material addresses the details of these three sections. First, we discuss details of the k-nearest neighbors algorithm. We include a description of the ten different alternative algorithms that we compared our heap algorithm against (Section 2), and offer additional benchmarks comparing our algorithm, kd-tree, and FLANN (Section 3). Second, we discuss different variants of the enrichment algorithm beyond the forward and inverse enrichment algorithms mentioned in the submission (Section 4). Finally, we demonstrate the roughly linear speed-up obtained by our parallel tiled algorithm on a multicore machine (Section 5).
An Empirical Analysis Based on the Industry Chain of China Coal Industry Cluster

Based on the degree of construction concentration ratio and Eillison & Glaeser index, this thesis takes an empirical research about China’ s coal industry cluster from 2002 to 2006. Then a detailed study on the upstream and downstream was made. Empirical research shows that: China’ s coal industry has a high degree of construction concentration but the downstream part of the concentration of the downstream was significantly lower than that the upstream part. Finally, the elastic that the industry cluster impact on the economic growth was used to analyzes correlation between the coal industry and the economic growth. The results show that compared with the upper coal industry of coal industry downstream promotes economic growth even bigger.
Whole Genome Sequence Analysis of Cryptococcus gattii from the Pacific Northwest Reveals Unexpected Diversity

A recent emergence of Cryptococcus gattii in the Pacific Northwest involves strains that fall into three primarily clonal molecular subtypes: VGIIa, VGIIb and VGIIc. Multilocus sequence typing (MLST) and variable number tandem repeat analysis appear to identify little diversity within these molecular subtypes. Given the apparent expansion of these subtypes into new geographic areas and their ability to cause disease in immunocompetent individuals, differentiation of isolates belonging to these subtypes could be very important from a public health perspective. We used whole genome sequence typing (WGST) to perform fine-scale phylogenetic analysis on 20 C. gattii isolates, 18 of which are from the VGII molecular type largely responsible for the Pacific Northwest emergence. Analysis both including and excluding (289,586 SNPs and 56,845 SNPs, respectively) molecular types VGI and VGIII isolates resulted in phylogenetic reconstructions consistent, for the most part, with MLST analysis but with far greater resolution among isolates. The WGST analysis presented here resulted in identification of over 100 SNPs among eight VGIIc isolates as well as unique genotypes for each of the VGIIa, VGIIb and VGIIc isolates. Similar levels of genetic diversity were found within each of the molecular subtype isolates, despite the fact that the VGIIb clade is thought to have emerged much earlier. The analysis presented here is the first multi-genome WGST study to focus on the C. gattii molecular subtypes involved in the Pacific Northwest emergence and describes the tools that will further our understanding of this emerging pathogen.
Mining Association Rules for Intrusion Detection

Intrusion detection system has been a powerful weapon to protect networks from attacks and has gained more and more attention. Data mining has been proven as an important method to detect intrusions. It has been the recent research focus and trend to apply data mining techniques in intrusion detection system for discovering new types of attacks, but it is still in its infancy. This paper reviews the new development of association rules mining technologies for intrusion detection in wired as well as wireless networks. The challenges and advanced developments of technologies to use association rule mining for intrusion detection are discussed.
Erratum: Core Structure of Intracluster Gas: Isothermal Hydrostatic Equilibrium

We investigated the core structure of intracluster hot gas based on the so-called β-model. We found that the virial temperature, Tvir, of a cluster may be represented better by βTX than TX ,w hereβ is a parameter obtained from the X-ray surface brightness, and TX is the emission-weighted mean temperature of the gas. For 121 clusters observed by ROSAT and ASCA, the luminosity–temperature relation, LX–βTX, is found to be less steep than LX–TX . T he clusters can be classified into large and small core groups, and the latter exhibits no significant correlation between the core and virial radii. We examined the properties of the small core clusters, and found that they have a shorter cooling time than the Hubble time, while no significant correlation was found with the presence of cD galaxies or asymmetry in the surface brightness. We carried out hydrodynamical calculations to simulate the β-model and confirmed the above results: Tvir � βT for the gas temperature, T, and the gas core formed due to a central cD galaxy is too small to account for the cores of the smaller core clusters.
Another Approach for Portfolio Selection using Evolutionary Programming for the Mexican Stock Exchange

This paper presents an approach for portfolio selection using evolutionary programming as a tool for optimization. The goal is to find the mix of stocks that minimize risk expressed as standard deviation for a certain expected return. Two alternatives approaches are developed (Hillclimbing and Random) to measure the performance of the modified genetic algorithm. Key-Words: Evolutionary Computing, Finance, Genetic Algorithms, Optimization, Portfolio Selection, Investment Analysis.
Error Classification of Machine Translation A Corpus-based Study on Chinese-English Patent Translation

While machine translation (MT) systems have been widely applied to translation tasks, the quality of the text outputs often remains unsatisfactory. The demand for better output quality prompts researchers to focus on finding effective ways to evaluate the quality of MT outputs. One popular approach is human error analysis, which is the manual identification and classification of errors made by MT systems. Although there have been many studies examining common error types in MT, none has been found to be targeting the distant language pair of Chinese and English. This study looks into errors in Chinese-English MT of patent abstracts, as such a distant language pair may result in very different error types. In the first level of the hierarchical classification scheme used in this study, errors are split into five major categories: orthographic, morphological, lexical, semantic, and syntactic errors. Each main category is further divided into several subcategories. Thirty-four MT outputs were manually corrected and annotated to identify the distribution of translation errors. The findings suggest that certain features of the Chinese language, such as low occurrences of articles and relatively unclear sentence and phrase structures, do severely affect the performance of the MT system studied. These findings have implications for MT system developers and post-editors.
Simulation Organogenesis in COMSOL: Deforming and Interacting Domains

Organogenesis is a tightly regulated process that has been studied experimentally for decades. We are developing mechanistic models for the morphogenesis of limbs, lungs, and kidneys with a view to integrate available knowledge and to better understand the underlying regulatory logic. In our previous paper on simulating organogenesis in COMSOL (German et al COMSOL Conf Procedings 2011) we discussed methods to efficiently solve such models, predominantly on a static domain. Organ size, however, changes dramatically during development, and tissues are composed of several layers that may expand both together or independently. Moreover, the developing organ are typically embedded in an environment, and diffusional exchange with this environment can affect the patterning process. Here we discuss methods to build and efficiently solve models involving large deformation of composite domains in COMSOL Multiphysics.
SRSH: A Social Recommender System based on Hadoop

Online Social Networks (OSNs) accumulate a large amount of user-generated data and Social Recommender Systems (SRSs) can help users discover information they are interested. However, most of the existing SRSs do not have good scalabilities to process huge volumes of data. Aiming to this problem we design a social recommender system named SRSH, which is based on Hadoop parallel computing platform. SRSH provides second-degree friends, similar users, user community and content recommendation modules, which can meet user needs of finding potential friends and attractive content. Especially, every core methods existing in these modules above can be implemented using MapReduce parallel programming framework and run in Hadoop cluster. We have conducted extensive related experiments on the realistic dataset and the experimental results show that SRSH scales well and has the ability of dealing with the problem of recommendation in the large-scale OSN.
AIS data exchange protocol study and embedded software development for maritime navigation

The AIS is one among the standards of radio communication system to be approved in the whole of the maritime environment. The adoption of AIS technology as a radio data maritime network that hopes for the rise of added values to the services of maritime industry allowing not only the safety of the ships and the environmental protection, but also improving the organization of the ports and the operations. The goal of this work consists on implementing the protocol layers of mobile AIS station on a DSP by using an embedded operating system: Visual DSP kernel. The solution comprises embedded software for both class A and class B AIS mobile equipment that can use CSTDMA or SOTDMA.
Differential geometry on SU(3) with applications to three state systems

The left and right invariant vector fields are calculated in an “Euler angle”-type parametrization for the group manifold of SU(3), referred to here as Euler coordinates. The corresponding left and right invariant one-forms are then calculated. This enables the calculation of the invariant volume element or Haar measure. These are then used to describe the density matrix of a pure state and geometric phases for three state systems.
Distance Education not a “Prison Sentence”: A Case Study of Student Support for Prisoners at the Windhoek Central Prison

INTRODUCTION The Polytechnic of Namibia is one of Namibia’s tertiary institutions. It is situated in Windhoek, the capital city of Namibia. It is a dual mode institution with distance education offered by the Centre for Open and Life Long Learning (COLL). It comprises of five schools namely the School of Business and Management, School of Engineering, School of Information Technology, School of Health Sciences and School of Communication. It has ten centres including Windhoek and provides support for 2359 students which is this year’s enrolment number. The majority of COLL’s students fall under the School of Business and Management. COLL is made up of three interrelated subsystems namely materials development subsystem, student support subsystem and an administrative subsystem. The services provided by the student support subsystem are: • Training of tutors • Tutor-marking • Telephone tutoring • Vacation schools • Orientation Seminar • Face-to-face tutorials • Radio tutorials The aim of this study is to assess the effectiveness of the student support services to distance students studying from prison. While distance students usually cannot come to campus to study due to their various responsibilities they have freedom to come and go as they please. Students who are in prison do not have such freedom. They experience more isolation and remoteness than other distance students and would find it difficult to find a quiet place to study (Worth, n.d). They require more support in order for them to be able to complete their studies successfully. It is against this backdrop that this study was undertaken. The central question the paper tries to answer is “how well has COLL adapted the student support services to accommodate the learning needs of the students in prison? ”