Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Biodiversity for Food and Agriculture Contributing to food security and sustainability in a changing world

Contributing to food security and sustainability in a changing world PAR platform for agrobiodiversity research Biodiversity for Food and Agriculture Contributing to food security and sustainability in a changing world OutCOmes Of an expert WOrkshOp held by faO and the platfOrm On agrObiOdiversity researCh frOm 14–16 april 2010 in rOme, italy Published by the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations and the Platform for Agrobiodiversity Research PAR platform for agrobiodiversity research Hosted by Bioversity International the designations employed and the presentation of material in this information product do not imply the expression of any opinion whatsoever on the part of the food and agriculture Organization of the united nations (faO) concerning the legal or development status of any country, territory, city or area or of its authorities, or concerning the delimitation of its frontiers or boundaries. the mention of specific companies or products of manufacturers, whether or not these have been patented, does not imply that these have been endorsed or recommended by faO in preference to others of a similar nature that are not mentioned. the views expressed in this information product are those of the author(s) and do not necessarily reflect the views of faO. all rights reserved. faO encourages reproduction and dissemination of material in this information product. non-commercial uses will be authorized free of charge, upon request. reproduction for resale or other commercial purposes, including educational purposes, may incur fees. applications for permission to reproduce or disseminate faO copyright materials, and all other queries concerning rights and licences, should be addressed by e-mail to copyright@fao.org or to the Chief, publishing policy and support branch, Office of knowledge exchange, research and extension, faO, viale delle terme di Caracalla, 00153 rome, italy. AckNOwledgemeNts iv FORewORd v execUtIve sUmmARy vii Introduction 1 Biodiversity for food and agriculture as a basis for food security 3 global challenges and change 7 Land availability 8 Water Scarcity 11 Overuse of nutrients 12 Climate change 14 Productivity and sustainability 15 Farming systems 16 Broader social demands for change 17 Biodiversity for food and agriculture as a basis for food security 18 Scales, links and connections 19 Overcoming scepticism 21 the use of biodiversity for food and agriculture in practice 23 The benefits of different types of diversity in agricultural landscapes 24 Using multiple species in agricultural landscapes 26 Soil fertility 26 Pest control 29 Increasing yield and functionality through niche complementarity …
Complexity Analysis of a Cournot-Bertrand Duopoly Game Model with Limited Information

A Cournot-Bertrand mixed duopoly game model with limited information about the market and opponent is considered, where the market has linear demand and two firms have the same fixed marginal cost. The principles of decision-making are bounded rational. One firm chooses output and the other chooses price as decision variable, with the assumption that there is a certain degree of differentiation between the products offered by firms to avoid the whole market being occupied by the one that applies a lower price. The existence of Nash equilibrium point and its local stability of the game are investigated. The complex dynamics, such as bifurcation scenarios and route to chaos, are displayed using parameter basin plots by numerical experiment. The influences of the parameters on the system performance are discussed from the perspective of economics.
Music teaching and learning in a regional conservatorium, NSW, Australia

This study documents and analyses the environment where music education happens in a regional Conservatorium in New South Wales, Australia. The study aimed to gain insight into the structure, nature and professional practice of a regional conservatorium, and identify innovative pedagogical possibilities. An ethnographic case study was undertaken over one year, with intensity ranging from weeklong immersion schedules to occasional short-term observation of activities. Schwab's (1969) commonplaces of schooling (milieu, subject matter, students and teachers) were applied as a priori themes, providing a scaffold for preliminary classification and exploration of the data. Empirical themes were identified as they emerged through data analysis, and subsequently applied. A dominant finding of the study is the areas of intersection between the commonplaces of schooling: the triangulation of expertise (teacher, performer and musician); a curriculum design that is student centred; mechanisms to enhance the sustainability of a regional Conservatorium; adaptation of pre-established curricula; students need to be prepared for a musical life beyond the Conservatorium; and parental involvement is central for success.
The Structure of Secondary School Teacher Job Satisfaction and Its Relationship with Attrition and Work Enthusiasm

This study used the results of a questionnaire survey of 230 secondary school teachers to analyze the factors constituting job satisfaction and its effects on teacher attrition and work enthusiasm. The results show that (a) the structure of secondary school teacher job satisfaction is made up of ten components and is consistent with the model put forward by Locke et al. (1976); (b) secondary school teachers are dissatisfied with their jobs as a whole and with dimensions such as the educational system, student quality, leadership and administration, work achievements, working conditions, salaries and welfare, and work stress; and (c) teacher overall job satisfaction and satisfaction with the educational system, income and welfare, leadership and administration, status, and work environment and conditions are closely related to work involvement and retention. External rewards and commendations also stimulate the teachers' work motivation.
Development of tailored indigenous marine consortia for the degradation of naturally weathered polyethylene films

This study investigated the potential of bacterial-mediated polyethylene (PE) degradation in a two-phase microcosm experiment. During phase I, naturally weathered PE films were incubated for 6 months with the indigenous marine community alone as well as bioaugmented with strains able to grow in minimal medium with linear low-density polyethylene (LLDPE) as the sole carbon source. At the end of phase I the developed biofilm was harvested and re-inoculated with naturally weathered PE films. Bacteria from both treatments were able to establish an active population on the PE surfaces as the biofilm community developed in a time dependent way. Moreover, a convergence in the composition of these communities was observed towards an efficient PE degrading microbial network, comprising of indigenous species. In acclimated communities, genera affiliated with synthetic (PE) and natural (cellulose) polymer degraders as well as hydrocarbon degrading bacteria were enriched. The acclimated consortia (indigenous and bioaugmented) reduced more efficiently the weight of PE films in comparison to non-acclimated bacteria. The SEM images revealed a dense and compact biofilm layer and signs of bio-erosion on the surface of the films. Rheological results suggest that the polymers after microbial treatment had wider molecular mass distribution and a marginally smaller average molar mass suggesting biodegradation as opposed to abiotic degradation. Modifications on the surface chemistry were observed throughout phase II while the FTIR profiles of microbially treated films at month 6 were similar to the profiles of virgin PE. Taking into account the results, we can suggest that the tailored indigenous marine community represents an efficient consortium for degrading weathered PE plastics.
Enhanced P2P botnets detection framework architecture with hybrid analyzer: Host-based and network-based

Nowadays, botnets are the most advanced cybercrime as being powerful threaten to the internet infrastructure by risking the Internet stability and security. Millions of computers have been hijacking and infecting by botnets especially during peak activity. The P2P botnets exploit users and dominating the P2P technology which make botnets are harder to detect and terminated. As P2P botnets issues been highlighted as it's dramatically evolvement, this paper addresses on current problems relate to P2P botnets faced by users and recommending the improvement. Also, this paper concentrated on proposing P2P botnets detection framework. Also, an in-depth analysis of P2P botnets has been conducted to understand and cope with their behaviors and characteristics. The new improvement has been introduced at the propose botnets framework architecture to improve the effectiveness of P2P detection analysis. The framework architecture has been structuralized with hybrid analyzer through the marriage of host-based and network based. Prior to this matter, this research has proposed a new enhancement on framework architecture that has been reinforced by hybrid detection technique to improve the effectiveness and efficiency of P2P botnets detection.
Adaptação transcultural da versão brasileira da escala Social Rhythm Metric-17 (SRM-17) para a população angolana

INTRODUCTION: Social rhythm is a concept that correlates social Zeitgebers (synchronizers) with endogenous markers of time, and can be assessed with the Social Rhythm Metric-17 (SRM-17). The aim of this study was to adapt the Brazilian version of the SRM-17 to Angolan Portuguese, comparing the two scales in samples that speak the same language but have cultural differences. METHODS: The Brazilian version of the SRM-17 was assessed by 10 Angolan students who analyzed the intelligibility of the 15 sentences contained in the instrument using a 10-cm visual analog scale and proposed changes to the text. Results were reviewed for the generation of a final Angolan version, followed by a reading test and the production of a final report. RESULTS: The final Angolan version of SRM-17 maintained an equivalence of items in relation to the Brazilian Portuguese version. The version assessed by the students showed a satisfactory degree of intelligibility and semantic equivalence in most items. However, some items presented intelligibility results below the mean total scores of the scale (8.38 ± 1.0). CONCLUSION: Although the populations of Brazil and Angola speak the same language, significant cultural differences were found between the two countries. This paper presents an instrument to assess social rhythm adapted to the Angolan culture. The cross-cultural adaptation process herein described should be continued by validating the final version of the instrument in a larger sample and by assessing operational, functional, and measure equivalence.
Efficacy and safety of tacrolimus in systemic lupus erythematosus patients with refractory thrombocytopenia: a retrospective study

Objective We evaluated the efficacy and safety of tacrolimus in systemic lupus erythematosus patients with refractory thrombocytopenia. Methods We retrospectively reviewed the data for 20 systemic lupus erythematosus patients with refractory thrombocytopenia and treated with tacrolimus during the period January 2013 to January 2015. In addition to glucocorticoids, all patients were treated with tacrolimus, 1 mg taken twice daily. The clinical effect of tacrolimus treatment in patients was evaluated by analysis of platelet counts at baseline and after one, three and six months of tacrolimus treatment. Levels of anti-double-stranded DNA antibodies and complement C3, C4 were determined individually. Results After one month of tacrolimus treatment, three patients (15%) did not respond, three patients (15%) achieved a complete response and the other 14 patients (75%) achieved a partial response. After three months of tacrolimus treatment, the platelet counts of all patients were significantly improved. A partial response was seen in 14 patients (75%) and the complete response rate increased to 25% (five patients). After six months, all patients attained partial response or complete response without relapse, and the rate of complete response increased to 75%. Compared to pretreatment, anti-double-stranded DNA antibody levels and the disease activity index score were markedly decreased after tacrolimus treatment. The levels of serum C3 and C4 were increased significantly (P < 0.05). Conclusions Our survey revealed that a six-month course of tacrolimus is a safe and effective treatment for systemic lupus erythematosus patients with refractory thrombocytopenia.
Role Stress, the Type A Behavior Pattern, and External Auditor Job Satisfaction and Performance

This study examines the relationship between elements of role stress and two important external auditor job outcome variables: job satisfaction and performance. The study extends prior research by examining the moderating influence of the Type A behavior pattern on these relationships. The need to re‐examine the linkages between the elements of role stress and both job satisfaction and job performance using theoretically based moderators, such as the Type A behavior pattern, has been highlighted in the role‐stress literature. Analysis of survey data confirmed that both role conflict and role ambiguity are significantly negatively associated with auditor job performance and job satisfaction. However, the expected moderating role of the Type A behavior pattern on the relationships between the components of role stress and job satisfaction and auditor job performance was not found. Interestingly, however, a direct positive relationship between the Type A behavior pattern and both job outcome variables was ap.
Two inhibitory postsynaptic potentials, and GABAA and GABAB receptor‐mediated responses in neocortex of rat and cat.

1. Pyramidal neurones from layers II and III of the rat primary somatosensory cortex and cat primary visual cortex were studied in vitro. Inhibitory postsynaptic potentials (IPSPs) and responses to exogenously applied gamma‐aminobutyric acid (GABA) and its analogue baclofen were characterized. The results from rats and cats were very similar. 2. Single electrical stimuli to deep cortical layers evoked a sequence of PSPs in the resting neurone: (a) an initial, brief excitation (EPSP), (b) a short‐latency, fast inhibition (the f‐IPSP) and (c) a long‐latency, more prolonged inhibition (the l‐IPSP). The f‐IPSP was accompanied by a large conductance increase (about 70‐90 nS) and reversed polarity at ‐75 mV; the l‐IPSP displayed a relatively small conductance increase (about 10‐20 nS) and reversed at greater than ‐90 mV. 3. Focal application of GABA near the soma evoked a triphasic response when measured near the threshold voltage for action potentials: (a) the GABAhf (hyperpolarizing, fast) phase was very brief and was generated by a large conductance increase with a reversal potential of ‐78 mV, (b) the GABAd (depolarizing) phase also had a high conductance but reversed at ‐51 mV, (c) the GABAhl (hyperpolarizing, long‐lasting) phase had a relatively low conductance and reversed at ‐70 mV. The GABAhf response was specifically localized to the soma, whereas the apical or basilar dendrites generated predominantly GABAd responses. 4. Baclofen, a selective GABAB receptor agonist, caused a small (about 2 mV), slow hyperpolarization of the resting potential, which reversed at ‐90 mV. Saturating baclofen doses increased membrane conductance by a maximum of about 12 nS. Baclofen depressed the amplitude and conductance of PSPs; when baclofen was focally applied near the soma. IPSPs were selectively depressed. 5. The GABAA receptor antagonists bicuculline methiodide or picrotoxin (10 microM) greatly depressed f‐IPSPs, but either enhanced or did not affect l‐IPSPs. Concomitantly, GABAhf and GABAd responses were antagonized, leaving a more prominent GABAhl response that reversed polarity at a more negative level of ‐87 mV. Baclofen responses were unaffected by bicuculline and picrotoxin. Extracellular barium abolished the baclofen response, and shifted the reversal potentials of the GABAd and GABAhl responses in the positive direction; the GABAhf response was unaffected. 6. Both focal GABA and f‐IPSPs strongly depressed the intrinsic excitability of pyramidal neurones. Each greatly increased spike threshold and abolished or vastly reduced the capacity of the cells to fire repetitively during intense stimuli. (ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)
Cow's Milk–Free Diet Does Not Prevent Diabetes in NOD Mice

Early dietary exposure to cow's milk proteins has been proposed as an important environmental factor in the development of IDDM both in humans and in diabetes-prone rodents. To examine the significance of cow's milk protein in IDDM, 120 NOD mice were maintained, starting from conception until sacrifice, on one of four diets: standard PMI Picolab Rodent Diet 20, a milk-free modification of the standard Picolab diet, a milk-free diet incorporating 0.036% bovine serum albumin (BSA), and a milk-free diet including 0.036% bovine IgG (BGG). The cumulative IDDM incidence at 7 months for these mice in a specific pathogen-free environment on the respective diets was 78, 93, 93, and 67% for females, and 17, 54, 17, and 0% for males. The ages of diabetes onset and insulitis scores were similar for mice on each diet. The unexpectedly lower incidence of IDDM in mice on the milk-free diet that included BGG raises the possibility this cow's milk protein might possibly have some protective effect against the development of IDDM in NOD mice. Our main finding was that the standard, milk-free, and BSA-containing diets resulted in comparable incidences of IDDM in NOD mice, demonstrating that neither cow's milk whey proteins in general nor BSA in particular are significantly important as etiologic dietary agents in IDDM in NOD mice.
An econometric analysis of fixed investment in Namibia

This series of Research Discussion Papers is intended to present preliminary, new or topical information and ideas for discussion and debate. The contents are not necessarily the final views or firm positions of the Ministry of Environment and Tourism. Comments and feedback will be welcomed. Acronyms ADF augmented Dickey–Fuller BON Bank of Namibia CMA common monetary area ECM error correction model FIML full information maximum likelihood GDP gross domestic product H–P Hodrick–Prescott LSE London School of Economics nampremium Namibian premium PINV1 Namibian fixed investment rgiy ratio of government investment to output VAR vector autoregressive system VECM vector error correction model 3 Abstract This paper investigates the determinants of aggregate fixed investment in Namibia. Empirical work on Namibian investment functions has gained momentum only recently. To date, there are only two studies on fixed investment in Namibia. Both studies accounted for nonstationarity in the data by employing the Engle–Granger two-step procedure in their analysis. This work aims to complement the existing work by using a more comprehensive econometric analysis. The main focal point of this analysis is the use of the Johansen–Juselius cointegration technique. In addition the paper also investigates some descriptive issues by applying the Hodrick–Prescott filter analysis. Some policy and future research implications are drawn from the results.
Bayesian optimization for adaptive MCMC

This paper proposes a new randomized strategy for adaptive MCMC using Bayesian optimization. This approach applies to non-differentiable objective functions and trades off exploration and exploitation to reduce the number of potentially costly objective function evaluations. We demonstrate the strategy in the complex setting of sampling from constrained, discrete and densely connected probabilistic graphical models where, for each variation of the problem, one needs to adjust the parameters of the proposal mechanism automatically to ensure efficient mixing of the Markov chains.
An Odyssey in Learning and Perception

Part 1 Experimental psychology in the 30s (1932-1942): bilateral transfer of the conditioned response in the human subject, J.J. Gibson and G. Raffel retention and the interpolated task, with james J. Gibson sensory generalization with voluntary reactions a systematic application of the concepts of generalizaton and differentiation to verbal learning retroactive inhibition as a function of degree of generalization between tasks retrospect and prospect - are theories recycles? Part 2 Comparative research on learning and development (1952-1970): the role of shock in reinforcement the effect of prolonged exposure to visually presented patterns on learning to discriminate them, with R.D. Walk the effectiveness of prolonged exposure to cutouts vs. painted patterns for facilitation of discrimination behaviour of light and dark reared rats on a visual cliff, with R.D. Walk and T.J. Tighe development of perception - discrimination of depth compared with discrimination of graphic symbols, reprinted from J.C. Wright and J. Kagan (eds.) the development of perception as an adaptive process, Eleanor J. Gibson retrospect and prosepct - comparative psycholoogy and animal cognition. Part 3 Perception - psychophysics to transormations (1954-1959): the effect of training on absolute estimation of distance over the ground, with R. Bergman the effect of prior training with a scale of distance on absolute and relative judgments of distance over ground, with R. Bergman and J. Purdy distance judgment by the method of fractionation, with J. Purdy continuous perspective transformations and the perception of ridig motion with J.J. Gibson motion parallax as a determinant of perceived depth with J.J. Gibson, O.W. Smith and H. flock retrospect and prospect - psychophysics to computation. Part 4 Perceptual learning (1955-1969): perceptual learning - differentiation of enrichment? with J.J. Gibson reply by L. Postman - association theory and perceptual learning what is learned in perceptual learning? a reply to professor postman perceptual learning perceptual development and the reduction of uncertainty trends in perceptual development retrospect and prospect - the coming of age of perceptual development. Part 5 Years of significance - research on reading (1965-1977): learning to read confusion matrices for graphic patterns obtained with a latency measure with F. Schapiro and A. Yonas the ontogeny of reading perceptual learning and the theory of word perception how perception really develops: a veiw from outside the network in D. Laberge and S.J. Samuels (eds.) reading in retrospect - perception, cognition or both? Part contents.
Communicative acts and shared knowledge: A conceptual framework and its empirical application

Analyse des actes de communication comme actes de cooperation a partir d'une connaissance partagee par les actants: l'A. definit un scheme general d'analyse emprunte a la fois a la theorie des actes de langage et a la pragmatique universelle envisagee par Habermas, l'applique a l'analyse de divers actes communicatifs d'une famille anglaise enregistree durant quatre mois.