Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
SPECTRAL PROPERTIES OF LINEAR CONCURRENT AND SYMMETRIC SEASONAL ADJUSTMENT FILTERS OF SEATS AND X-11/12-ARIMA FOR SHORT AND MODERATE-LENGTH TIME SERIES

1 The X-12-ARIMA program was used for the analysis, but only filters also available in X-11-ARIMA were (Findley, Monsell, Bell, Otto and Chen, 1998) and TRAMO/SEATS (Gomez and Maravall, 1994). For shorter series (4-9 years) and both methods, the filter coefficients for the adjustment at time t depend in a complicated way on time series model coefficients, the series length T , and the position of t relative to T . For these and possibly other reasons, published studies of frequency domain properties of such short series are scarce. SEATS provides graphs of gain functions of biinfinite symmetric seasonal adjustment filters, and in several articles, e.g. Maravall (1999) and Gomez and Maravall (2000), frequency domain properties of biinfinite model-based symmetric filters are compared to those of the default T -independent ( 169 T ≥ ) symmetric X-11 filter (without forecast extension). However, there is no frequency domain analysis in the literature of SEATS symmetric filters for finite T or concurrent SEATS filters of any length. For X-11 filters, there has been only one unpublished study of frequency domain properties of short series (Cholette, 1979), although there have been various studies of spectral properties of T -independent concurrent and symmetric X-11-ARIMA filters and their approximations (see, for example, Dagum, 1983 and Dagum, Chhab and Chui, 1996). In this paper we present and discuss frequency domain properties of some basic suites of both concurrent and symmetric seasonal adjustment filters of X-11/12-ARIMA (with 12 months of forecasts and backcasts) and SEATS for series of short lengths, 49 T = and 109 T = . We begin with background material.
The Effect of Base Bleed on a Periodic Wake

Summary:— Measurements of profile drag, base pressure, wake turbulence and vortex shedding frequency have been made on a 9 per cent thick aerofoil in the presence of a secondary air flow, ejected from the blunt trailing edge. It is shown that the decrease in profile drag caused by the base bleed is associated with a decrease in the strength of the vortex street. The initial formation of the vortices occurs further downstream as the bleed quantity is increased. As a result, a greater proportion of the shed vorticity is diffused before the street is formed.
Exploring the effect of stress on gestural coordination

In this study, I examined stress in speech production within the framework of Articulatory Phonology. Specifically, I tested the hypothesis that stress could be analyzed as a prosodic gesture. Using articulatory data from an English corpus, I found that the CV lag–the gestural lag between a consonant and a vowel–of stressed syllables is significantly larger in terms of both duration and proportion than that of unstressed syllables. I also found that stressed consonant and vowel gestures are longer than unstressed ones. These findings seem to suggest that stress could be analyzed as a prosodic gesture. Moreover, my study reveals a source of variation in CV coordination, which can inform other kinematic studies.
Microheterogeneity and Individual Differences of Human Urinary N-Glycome under Normal Physiological Conditions

Urine is considered an outstanding biological fluid for biomarker discovery, reflecting both systemic and urogenital physiology. However, analyzing the N-glycome in urine in detail has been challenging due to the low abundance of glycans attached to glycoproteins compared to free oligosaccharides. Therefore, this study aims to thoroughly analyze urinary N-glycome using LC-MS/MS. The N-glycans were released using hydrazine and labeled with 2-aminopyridine (PA), followed by anion-exchange fractionation before LC-MS/MS analysis. A total of 109 N-glycans were identified and quantified, of which 58 were identified and quantified repeatedly in at least 80% of samples and accounted for approximately 85% of the total urinary glycome signal. Interestingly, a comparison between urine and serum N-glycome revealed that approximately 50% of the urinary glycome could originate from the kidney and urinary tract, where they were exclusively identified in urine, while the remaining 50% were common in both. Additionally, a correlation was found between age/sex and the relative abundances of urinary N-glycome, with more age-related changes observed in women than men. The results of this study provide a reference for human urine N-glycome profiling and structural annotations.
A Scoping Review of the Relationship between Intermittent Fasting and the Human Gut Microbiota: Current Knowledge and Future Directions

Intermittent fasting (IF) has been promoted as an alternative to dietary caloric restriction for the treatment of obesity. IF restricts the amount of food consumed and improves the metabolic balance by synchronizing it with the circadian rhythm. Dietary changes have a rapid effect on the gut microbiota, modulating the interaction between meal timing and host circadian rhythms. Our paper aims to review the relationships between IF and human gut microbiota. In this study, the primary area of focus was the effect of IF on the diversity and composition of gut microbiota and its relationship with weight loss and metabolomic alterations, which are particularly significant for metabolic syndrome characteristics. We discussed each of these findings according to the type of IF involved, i.e., time-restricted feeding, Ramadan fasting, alternate-day fasting, and the 5:2 diet. Favorable metabolic effects regarding the reciprocity between IF and gut microbiota changes have also been highlighted. In conclusion, IF may enhance metabolic health by modifying the gut microbiota. However additional research is required to draw definitive conclusions about this outcome because of the limited number and diverse designs of existing studies.
Electro-magneto-thermo-mechanical Behaviors of a Radially Polarized FGPM Thick Hollow Sphere

In this study an analytical method is developed to obtain the response of electro-magneto-thermoelastic stress and perturbation of a magnetic field vector for a thick-walled spherical functionally graded piezoelectric material (FGPM). The hollow sphere, which is placed in a uniform magnetic field, is subjected to a temperature gradient, inner and outer pressures and a constant electric potential difference between its inner and outer surfaces. The thermal, piezoelectric and mechanical properties except the Poisson’s ratio are assumed to vary with the power law functions through the thickness of the hollow sphere. By solving the heat transfer equation, in the first step, a symmetric distribution of temperature is obtained. Using the infinitesimal electro-magnetothermo-elasticity theory, then, the Navier’s equation is solved and exact solutions for stresses, electric displacement, electric potential and perturbation of magnetic field vector in the FGPM hollow sphere are obtained. Moreover, the effects of magnetic field vector, electric potential and material in-homogeneity on the stresses and displacements distributions are investigated. The presented results indicate that the material in-homogeneity has a significant influence on the electro-magneto-thermo-mechanical behaviors of the FGPM hollow sphere and should therefore be considered in its optimum design. © 2010 IAU, Arak Branch. All rights reserved.
Addressing misclassification costs in machine learning through asymmetric loss functions

Patterning defect metrology requires data interpretation with classification, each well-suited to machine learning (ML). Defect classification however has notable misclassification costs; mislabeling a defect as nominal has greater impact than the converse. Though quantified costs are not publicly available, total economic misclassification cost (total cost) is optimized across orders-of-magnitude variation in cost ratio C and classification threshold 0.01 < τ < 0.99. Convolutional neural networks are trained using the intrinsically weighted and scaled asymmetric focal losses (AFL, sAFL) with hyperparameter γ with weighted and unweighted binary cross-entropy (wBCE, BCE) functions trained for comparisons. Optimal functions and conditions are identified for reducing total cost. For reproducibility, publicly available ML data sets are surrogates for industrial imaging data. For these data the sAFL mimimizes total cost at τ = 0.5, C ≥ 16. The AFL reduces total cost at 0.1 ≤ τ < 0.5, C > 128. Asymmetric loss functions lower total cost versus wBCE by 15 % to 40 % for 0.2 < τ < 0.5, C < 64. Total economic misclassification cost can be tailored using asymmetric focal losses. Estimations are presented to allow the extension of reported trends to industrial applications with strong class imbalances between defect-indicative and nominal-indicative data.
Full wafer OCD metrology: increasing sampling rate without the cost of ownership penalty

Optical Critical Dimension (OCD) spectroscopy is a reliable, non-destructive, and high-throughput measurement technique for metrology and process control that is widely used in semiconductor fabrication facilities (fabs). Wafers are sampled sparsely in-line, and measured at about 10-20 predetermined locations, to extract geometrical parameters of interest. Traditionally, these parameters were deduced by solving Maxwell’s equations for the specific film stack geometry. Recently advanced machine learning (ML) models, or combinations of ML and geometric models, has become increasingly attractive due to the several advantages of this approach. Advanced node processes can benefit from more extensive data sampling, but this conflicts with measurement cycle time goals and overall metrology tool costs, which cause fabs to use sparse sampling schemes. In this paper, we introduce a novel methodology that allows wafers to be sampled sparsely but provides the parameters of interest as if they were densely measured. We show how such a methodology allows us to increase data output with no impact on overall measurement time, while maintaining high accuracy and robustness. Such a capability has potentially far-reaching implications for improved process control and faster yield learning in semiconductor process development.
Real-time PCR application in confirmation test of Salmonella Typhimurium on instant noodle

Real-Time PCR is a molecular biology testing instrument used for various types of food product testing applications to monitor the quality of a product. In addition, the real-time PCR technique can also be used to test the detection of pathogenic bacteria in some foods and processed products. The purpose of this study was to detect Salmonella typhimurium using real-time PCR. This research can be a source of information and a reference for similar research. The test method used is the real-time PCR method with the green SYBR kit. Data analysis was carried out by looking at the results of interpreting Ct values and Tm values. Positive results are indicated by the formation of the Ct curve and the Tm curve. From the research conducted, it was found that the Ct value was in the range of 11.90 - 12.10 with an average of 12.02, while the Tm value was in the range of 85.10 - 85.20 with an average of 85.15. From the study results, it can be concluded that the use of real-time PCR for testing the detection of Salmonella typhimurium in instant noodle products can be applied.
Noise Generation Characteristics of a High-lift Swept and Tapered Wing Model

In this paper, noise generation from high-lift devices (HLDs) of a sweptand taperedwing model OTOMO2 measured in low speed wind tunnel experiments are discussed. OTOMO2 has a wing section of simplified high-lift configuration rectangular model OTOMO, and also has a planform of a realistic high-lift configuration aircraft model JSM. Main purpose of the experiment was to answer the questions about the influence of model geometry on HLD noise, which remained in our previous research using the rectangular model OTOMO. Results of the far-field noise measurement in RTRI-Maibara low noise wind tunnel and noise source maps obtained in JAXA-LWT2 low speed wind tunnel are mainly used. Comparison of narrow band spectra of the far-field SPL and noise source maps for the approach, the flap-only-deployed and the slat-only-deployed configurations showed characteristics of the noise generation of the flap-edge and the slat. One of the most remarkable finding was the existence of the multiple tonal component (MTP) in the slat noise spectrum in sweptand tapered-model geometry. The movement of the MTP noise sources along the spanwise location was observed, which was similar phenomenon to the rectangular model geometry. However, for the sweptand tapered-wing model, it is considered that the flow field which is suitable for the MTP generation is produced more locally and it changes continuously along spanwise direction with the variation of the angle of attack. The noise generation of the flap-edge in the sweptand tapered-model geometry was also different from that of the rectangular model geometry because there was the angle of attack dependency. Then it is suggested that there probably existed three different noise sources around the flap-edge.
A New Method to Compute Transition Probabilities in Multi‐Stable Stochastic Dynamical Systems: Application to the Wind‐Driven Ocean Circulation

The Kuroshio Current in the North Pacific displays path changes on an interannual‐to‐decadal time scale. In an idealized barotropic quasi‐geostrophic model of the double‐gyre wind‐driven circulation under stochastic wind‐stress forcing, such variability can occur due to transitions between different equilibrium states. The high‐dimensionality of the problem makes it challenging to determine the probability of these transitions under the influence of stochastic noise. Here we present a new method to estimate these transition probabilities, using a Dynamical Orthogonal (DO) field approach. In the DO approach, the solution of the stochastic partial differential equations system is decomposed using a Karhunen–Loève expansion and separate problems arise for the ensemble mean state and the so‐called time‐dependent DO modes. The original method is first reformulated in a matrix approach which has much broader application potential to various (geophysical) problems. Using this matrix‐DO approach, we are able to determine transition probabilities in the double‐gyre problem and to identify transition paths between the different states. This analysis also leads to the understanding which conditions are most favorable for transition.
Numerical Simulation of the Meso-β Scale Structure and Evolution of the 1977 Johnstown Flood. Part II: Inertially Stable Warm-Core Vortex and the Mesoscale Convective Complex

Abstract A mesoscale warm-core vortex associated with the mesoscale convective complex (MCC) that produced the 1977 Johnstown flood is examined using a three-dimensional nested-grid model simulation of the flood episode. In the simulation, the vortex plays a key role in determining the evolution of the MCC, a squall line, and the distribution of heavy precipitation. The vortex has a space scale of 100–200 km in diameter and a time scale of more than 18 hours. Its low pressure center extends from the midtroposphere down to the surface, and its maximum vorticity occurs between 850 and 700 mb. A pool of cool moist downdraft air develops in the surface to the 850 mb layer beneath the warm core, while a cold dome forms in the vicinity of the tropopause above the warm core. Following forcing from repeated deep convection prior to model initial time, the vortex is initiated by mesoscale ascent associated with a traveling meso-α scale wave. Genesis takes place in a nearly saturated, slightly conditionally unstabl.
Tuning the Preferential Direction of Ion Flow in Asymmetric Nanofluidic Mediums

Current rectification and electrokinetic flow properties in an asymmetric nanochannel in a thermoplastic polyurethane membrane were investigated experimentally and numerically. The nanochannel with a tip diameter of about 300 nm showed current rectification, which is evident only in nanochannels with much smaller tip radii (<100 nm), due to the surface properties of the thermoplastic polyurethane material. To elucidate the mechanism of current rectification, a mathematical model consisting of Nernst - Planck equations for the ionic mass transport, the Poisson’s equation for electrostatics, and Navier – Stokes equations for flow field has been developed. It was verified that the obtained numerical results were in qualitative agreement with the experimental results obtained. It was concluded that due to the surface charge of the channel material, a significantly thick electric double layer was formed on the inner surface of the nanochannel in contact with the electrolyte, and this formed a gating mechanism because of overlapping electric double layers near the tip of the asymmetric nanochannel. It has been found that the applied concentration gradient is as effective as low applied potentials and thus can reverse the preferential direction of ion flow.
Curiosities of the Monotone-Preserving Cubic Spline: Curiosities of the Monotone-Preserving Cubic Spline

In this paper we describe some new features of the monotone-preserving cubic spline and the Hyman monotonicity constraint that is implemented in various spline interpolation methods to ensure monotonicity. We find that, while the Hyman constraint is in general useful to enforce monotonicity, it can safely be omitted when the monotone-preserving cubic spline is considered. We also find that, when computing sensitivities, consistency requires making some specific assumptions about how to deal with non-differentiable locations that become relevant for special values of the parameter space.
Chemomodulatory Effect of the Marine-Derived Metabolite “Terrein” on the Anticancer Properties of Gemcitabine in Colorectal Cancer Cells

Background: Terrein (Terr) is a bioactive marine secondary metabolite that possesses antiproliferative/cytotoxic properties by interrupting various molecular pathways. Gemcitabine (GCB) is an anticancer drug used to treat several types of tumors such as colorectal cancer; however, it suffers from tumor cell resistance, and therefore, treatment failure. Methods: The potential anticancer properties of terrein, its antiproliferative effects, and its chemomodulatory effects on GCB were assessed against various colorectal cancer cell lines (HCT-116, HT-29, and SW620) under normoxic and hypoxic (pO2 ≤ 1%) conditions. Further analysis via flow cytometry was carried out in addition to quantitative gene expression and 1HNMR metabolomic analysis. Results: In normoxia, the effect of the combination treatment (GCB + Terr) was synergistic in HCT-116 and SW620 cell lines. In HT-29, the effect was antagonistic when the cells were treated with (GCB + Terr) under both normoxic and hypoxic conditions. The combination treatment was found to induce apoptosis in HCT-116 and SW620. Metabolomic analysis revealed that the change in oxygen levels significantly affected extracellular amino acid metabolite profiling. Conclusions: Terrein influenced GCB’s anti-colorectal cancer properties which are reflected in different aspects such as cytotoxicity, cell cycle progression, apoptosis, autophagy, and intra-tumoral metabolism under normoxic and hypoxic conditions.
The growth of periodic orbits with large support

In this paper, we study the role of periodic measures with large support in the sense of density in invariant measures and the exponential growth for systems with periodic shadowing property or periodic approximate product property. These results are more refined versions of the Sigmund’s density result of periodic measures and Bowen’s entropy formula between the growth of periodic measures and entropy. Furthermore, we provide an abstract framework such that the results also hold for general homoclinic classes and shifts with non-uniform structure.
Computational ghost imaging through a dynamic scattering medium based on a convolutional neural network from simulation

An imaging method through a dynamic scattering medium is presented based on computational ghost imaging (CGI) and a convolutional neural network (CNN). The CNN is adopted to improve CGI quality, and its training set is obtained from numerical simulation rather than actual experiments, which greatly reduces the workload. A concise mathematical model is given to reflect the absorption and scattering effects of the dynamic medium. By adding Gaussian white noise with different intensities to the detected light intensity sequence, the undulation caused by dynamic scatterer is simulated, and then the network is trained under these conditions. Compared to the dataset without adding noise, our proposed method leads to a better performance of the trained network in imaging through a dynamic scattering medium, not only for the simple binary objects, but also the complex grayscale ones. The effectiveness of this method has been verified in experiments of scattering medium rotated at different speeds.
The role of DNA methylation in ovarian cancer chemoresistance: A narrative review

Ovarian cancer (OC) is the most lethal gynecological cancer. In 2018, it was responsible for over 180,000 deaths worldwide. The high mortality rate is the culmination of a lack of early diagnosis and high rates of chemotherapy resistance, which is synonymous with disease recurrence. Over the last two decades, an increasingly significant role of epigenetic mechanisms, in particular DNA methylation, has emerged. This review will discuss several of the most significant genes whose hypo/hypermethylation profiles are associated with chemoresistance. Aside from functionally elucidating and evaluating these epimutations, this review will discuss recent trials of DNA methyltransferase inhibitors (DNMTi). Finally, we will propose future directions that could enhance the feasibility of utilizing these candidate epimutations as clinical biomarkers.
A hybrid interface method for three‐dimensional multiphase flows based on front tracking and level set techniques

Successful interface methods for multiphase flows need to be designed to operate well in the opposite extremes of strongly surface tension‐dominant flows on the one hand and strongly deforming flows on the other. To this end, recent advances in direct numerical simulation of multiphase flows have involved the hybridization of popular methods. One hybrid approach developed by the authors is the level contour reconstruction method (LCRM), which combines the characteristics of both the front tracking and the level set method. It was designed specifically for general 3D multiphase flow problems where very dynamic and deformable interfaces interact and where accuracy, reliability, and simplicity are essential features. In this paper, we carry the hybridization of the LCRM with the level set technique to a further level in that the explicit calculation of a distance function is introduced and plays a crucial role in the interface reconstruction procedure as well as in the calculation of the surface tension force. An accurate method of computing the distance function directly from the tracked interface is presented whereby a vector distance function is found, i.e. the minimum distance to the interface as well as the corresponding minimum distance point location on the interface itself. This information allows us to calculate a compact curvature field for the computation of the surface tension force, which decreases the level of parasitic currents to a negligible level. Various benchmark test cases to demonstrate the accuracy of the new schemes compared with other existing methods are provided. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.