Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
An Ontology-Based Arabic Question Answering System Submitted

I صخلملا . II DEDICATION . III ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS . IV TABLE OF CONTENTS . V LIST OF FIGURES . VII LIST OF TABLES . VIII LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS . IX CHAPTER 1: INTRODUCTION . 1 1.1 STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM . 3 1.2 OBJECTIVES . 3 1.3 IMPORTANCE OF THE RESEARCH . 4 1.4 SCOPE AND LIMITATIONS OF THE RESEARCH. 4 1.5 RESEARCH METHODOLOGY . 5 1.6 THESIS STRUCTURE . 6 1.7 SUMMARY . 7 CHAPTER 2: BACKGROUND . 8 2.1 NATURAL LANGUAGE PROCESSING (NLP) . 8 2.2 NATURAL LANGUAGE PROCESSING (NLP) IN THE ARABIC LANGUAGE . 8 2.3 QUESTION ANSWERING (QA) SYSTEM . 11 2.4 ARABIC QUESTION ANSWERING . 12 2.5 RDF AND RDFS . 13 2.6 ONTOLOGY . 14 2.7 SPARQL . 16 2.8 SUMMARY . 17 CHAPTER 3: RELATED WORK . 18 3.1 QA IN ENGLISH LANGUAGE . 18 3.2 QA IN ARABIC LANGUAGE . 20 3.3 SUMMARY . 23 CHAPTER 4: ARABIC QUESTION ANSWERING SYSTEM (AQAS) . 24 4.1 OVERVIEW . 24 4.2 DATA PROCESSING. 26 4.2.1 Building Arabic Ontology Domain . 26 4.2.2 Building RDF store to create and store instances data . 33 4.2.3 Developing Ontological Dictionary . 33
Title Object Tracking Based on Stable Feature Mining UsingIntraframe Clustering and Interframe Association

Extracting stable features to enhance object representation has proved to be very effective in improving the performance of object tracking. To achieve this, mining techniques, such as K -means clustering and data associating, are often adopted. However, K -means clustering needs the pre-set number of clusters. Real scenarios (heavy occlusion and so on) often make the tracker lose the target object. To handle these problems, we propose an intraframe clustering and interframe association (ICIA)-based stable feature mining algorithm for object tracking. The value (in HSV space) peak contour is employed to automatically estimate the number of clusters and classify value and saturation colors of the object region to get connected subregions. Every subregion is described with observation and increment models. Multi-feature distancesbased subregion association, between the current object template and the current observation, is then utilized to mine stable subregion pairs and obtain feature change ratio. Stable subregion displacements, and current detected and historical trajectories are systematically fused to locate the object. And, stable and unstable subregion features are updated separately to restrain the accumulative error. Experimental comparisons are conducted on six test sequences. Compared with several relevant state-of-the-art algorithms, the proposed ICIA tracker most accurately locates objects in four sequences and shows the second-best performance in the other two sequences with only less 1 pixel distance difference than the best method. INDEX TERMS Object tracking, stable features mining, intraframe clustering, interframe association, observation and increment models, template update.
D-band Quasi-Yagi antenna in IPD process

In this paper, we present the design of a D-band Quasi-Yagi antenna for in-package integration. This antenna consists of a half-wavelength dipole element and two directors elements to achieve higher directivity. The ground plane position from the driven dipole is also chosen to emulate a reflector behavior. The dipole is excited trough a microstrip line, a balun and a coplanar stripline. This quasi-yagi antenna exhibits end-fire radiation pattern. Simulated matching bandwidth at -10 dB level is 7% and a peak gain of 5.2 dBi at 120 GHz is obtained. The antenna has been fabricated recently and measurement with a dedicated set-up will be presented in the final paper.
Fast depth edge detection and edge based RGB-D SLAM

This paper presents a method of occluding depth edge-detection targeted towards RGB-D video streams and explores the use of these and other edge features in RGB-D SLAM. The proposed depth edge-detection approach uses prior information obtained from the previous RGB-D video frame to determine which areas of the current depth image are likely to contain edges due to image similarity. By limiting the search for edges to these areas a significant amount of computation time is saved compared to searching the entire image. Pixels belonging to both the depth and colour edges of an RGB-D image can be back projected using the depth component to form 3D point clouds of edge points. Registration between such edge point clouds is achieved using ICP and we present a realtime RGB-D SLAM system utilizing such back projected edge features. Experimental results are presented demonstrating the performance of both the proposed depth edge-detection and SLAM system using publicly available datasets.
The Impact of Decision Rights on Innovation Sharing

Although innovation sharing between a buyer and a supplier—a common practice in the automotive industry—can increase the efficiency and total profit of a supply chain, suppliers are often reluctant to do so. Sharing innovations would leave the supplier in a vulnerable position if the buyer were to exploit the information (e.g., by resharing the supplier’s innovation with competing suppliers). Anecdotal evidence from automotive suppliers tells us that the nature of a supplier-buyer relationship for the most part depends on who (e.g., a short-run-focused procurement manager or a long-term-focused engineer) manages the relationship. In this paper, we examine how the allocation of decision rights to short-run- and long-run-focused employees affects collaboration between the firms. To accomplish this, we model a relationship between a supplier and a buyer where the buyer is a dual decision maker, consisting of long-run- and/or short-run-focused employees. We characterize the equilibrium of this model and show that the frequency of collaborative outcomes is lowest when the procurement manager has full control and highest when the engineer has full control or in a setup where employees can unilaterally enforce collaboration. A laboratory experiment confirms that collaborations occur more frequently when a manager with a long-term focus is in charge of or actively involved in decision making. Depending on how joint control is structured, joint control can help or hurt collaboration: Collaboration is highest when employees can unilaterally enforce it, whereas the random joint-control case results in collaboration that is as low as in the procurement manager control case. This paper was accepted by Serguei Netessine, operations management.
STRUCTURED QUADRATICIZATION AND STRUCTURE-PRESERVING ALGORITHM FOR PALINDROMIC POLYNOMIAL EIGENVALUE PROBLEMS∗

In this paper, we mainly propose a structured quadraticization to transform even degree palindromic polynomial eigenvalue problems (PPEPs) into palindromic quadratic eigenvalue problems (PQEPs), instead of the structured linearization to palindromic generalized eigenvalue problems (PGEPs). Then, the structure-preserving algorithm for solving PQEPs based on (S + S−1)-transformation and Patel’s algorithm 1993 can be applied directly to solve PPEPs. Numerical experiments show that the backward error for PPEP computed by PQEP is better than that by PGEP and the standard GEP (“polyeig” in MATLAB).
An Outlook on Lithium Ion Battery Technology

Lithium ion batteries as a power source are dominating in portable electronics, penetrating the electric vehicle market, and on the verge of entering the utility market for grid-energy storage. Depending on the application, trade-offs among the various performance parameters—energy, power, cycle life, cost, safety, and environmental impact—are often needed, which are linked to severe materials chemistry challenges. The current lithium ion battery technology is based on insertion-reaction electrodes and organic liquid electrolytes. With an aim to increase the energy density or optimize the other performance parameters, new electrode materials based on both insertion reaction and dominantly conversion reaction along with solid electrolytes and lithium metal anode are being intensively pursued. This article presents an outlook on lithium ion technology by providing first the current status and then the progress and challenges with the ongoing approaches. In light of the formidable challenges with some of the approaches, the article finally points out practically viable near-term strategies.
Pharmacologic Characterization of the Cloned Human Trace Amine-Associated Receptor1 (TAAR1) and Evidence for Species Differences with the Rat TAAR1

The hemagglutinin-tagged human trace amine-associated receptor1 (TAAR1) was stably coexpressed with rat Gαs in the AV12-664 cell line, and receptor activation was measured as the stimulation of cAMP formation. After blockade of endogenously expressed α2- and β-adrenoceptors with 2-[2-(2-methoxy-1,4-benzodioxanyl)]-imidazoline hydrochloride (2-methoxyidazoxan, RX821002) and alprenolol, respectively, the resulting pharmacology was consistent with that of a unique receptor subtype. β-Phenylethylamine (β-PEA), the putative endogenous ligand, gave an EC50 of 106 ± 5 nM in the assay. For a series of β-PEA analogs used to explore the pharmacophore, small substituents at ring positions 3 and/or 4 generally resulted in compounds having lower potency than β-PEA, although several were as potent as β-PEA. However, small substituents at ring position 2 resulted in a number of compounds having potencies as good as or better than β-PEA. A number of nonselective antagonists known to share affinity for multiple monoaminergic receptors were evaluated for their ability to inhibit β-PEA stimulation of the human TAAR1. None had an IC50 <10 μM. For comparison, the rat TAAR1 receptor was expressed in the AV12-664 cell line. A number of agonist compounds had significantly different relative potencies between the rat and human TAAR1, demonstrating a significant species difference between the rat and human TAAR1. The TAAR1 receptor exhibits a pharmacologic profile uniquely different from those of classic monoaminergic receptors, consistent with the structural information that places them in a distinct family of receptors. This unique pharmacologic profile suggests the potential for development of TAAR-selective agonists and antagonists to study their physiologic roles.
Continuous antiretroviral therapy decreases bone mineral density

Objectives:To assess the effects of antiretroviral therapy (ART) on bone mineral density (BMD) Design:Randomized comparison of continuous ART (viral suppression group; VS) with intermittent ART (drug conservation group; DC) Setting:Outpatient clinics in the United States, Australia, and Spain. Participants:Participants in the Strategies for Management of Antiretroviral Therapy (SMART) Body Composition substudy. Main outcome measures:Annual hip and spine BMD by dual-energy radiographic absorptiometry (DXA) and spine BMD by quantitative computed tomography (qCT). Methods:Comparisons were by intention-to-treat analysis, using longitudinal models for change in BMD. Risk factors for BMD loss were evaluated. Results:The 214 participants (median 44 years, 19% female participants, 73% on ART; median T-scores −0.5 total hip, −0.7 spine DXA, −0.9 spine qCT; 98 randomized to VS and 116 to DC) were followed for a mean 2.4 years. With continuous ART, BMD declined per year by 0.8% (hip), 0.4% (spine DXA), and 2.4% (spine qCT). BMD declined significantly less with intermittent ART. Estimated DC minus VS group differences in mean BMD change through follow-up were 1.4% [hip; 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.6–2.3; P = 0.002], 1.3% (spine DXA; 95% CI 0.1–2.4, P = 0.03), and 3.0% (spine qCT; 95% CI 0.8–5.2, P = 0.007). No consistent drug-specific association with BMD decline was found. In the parent study, 10 of 2753 participants in the VS group and two of 2720 in the DC group reported serious fractures (hazard ratio 4.9; 95% CI 1.1–22.5; P = 0.04). Conclusion:Continuous ART is associated with decline in BMD and possibly more fractures relative to intermittent, CD4 cell count-guided ART.
Stable expression of human cytochrome P450IA2 cDNA in a human lymphoblastoid cell line: Role of the enzyme in the metabolic activation of aflatoxin B1

A human lymphoblastoid cell line stably expressing a human cytochrome P4501A2 cDNA was developed. This recombinant cell line displayed P4501A2 protein and estradiol2‐hydroxylase activity, neither of which was detected in the parental cell line. The recombinant cell line was also approximately 1000‐fold more sensitive t o the cyto‐ toxicity and mutagenicity of the carcinogenic mycotoxin aflatoxin B1 than was the parent cell line. The increase in mutagenicity was supported by a corresponding increase in the level of aflatoxin B1 binding t o DNA in cells expressing P4501A2 relative to control cells.
Convergence rate of a distributed algorithm for matrix scaling to doubly stochastic form

Motivated by matrix scaling applications and, more recently, distributed averaging previous work has considered settings where the interconnections between components in a distributed system are captured by a strongly connected directed graph (digraph) and each component aims to assign assigning weights on its outgoing edges (based on the weights on its incoming edges) so that the corresponding set of weights forms a doubly stochastic matrix. In particular, it has been shown that the system components can obtain a set of weights that form a doubly stochastic matrix via a variety of distributed algorithms. In this paper, we establish that the convergence rate of one such distributed algorithm is linear with rate between zero and one.
ER stress and the decline and fall of pancreatic beta cells in type 1 diabetes

Abstract Components of the unfolded protein response (UPR) modulate beta cell inflammation and death in early type 1 diabetes (T1D). The UPR is a mechanism by which cells react to the accumulation of misfolded proteins in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER). It aims to restore cellular homeostasis, but in case of chronic or overwhelming ER stress the persistent activation of the UPR triggers apoptosis, contributing to the loss of beta cells in both T1D and type 2 diabetes. It remains to be determined how and why the transition from ‘physiological’ to ‘pathological’ UPR takes place. A key component of the UPR is the ER transmembrane protein IRE1α (inositol-requiring enzyme 1α). IRE1α activity is modulated by both intra-ER signals and by the formation of protein complexes at its cytosolic domain. The amplitude and duration of IRE1α signaling is critical for the transition between the adaptive and cell death programs, with particular relevance for the activation of the pro-apoptotic c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) in beta cells. In the present review we discuss the available information on IRE1α-regulating proteins in beta cells and their downstream targets, and the important differences observed between cytokine-induced UPR in human and rodent beta cells.
Title : The Role of Solvent Extraction in the Chemical Characterization of Corn Stover Feedstock

approved: i z Michael H. Penner The consequences of extracting com stover feedstock with either 95% ethanol or hot water prior to the chemical analysis of the macrocomponents of that feedstock have been determined. Reports by others have recommended the removal of extraneous substance by solvent extraction prior to chemical analyses (Browning, 1967; TAPPI, 1988). The 95% ethanol extraction evaluated in this study is currently the "standard" method recommended by the National Renewable Energy Laboratory, Golden, Co. Hot water extractions were tested as a simple, less time consuming and less expensive alternative to ethanol extractions. Compositional analyses involved the quantification of glycans, Klason lignin, acid soluble lignin, ash, protein, acetic acid, and uronic acids. The summative analysis of native, ethanol extracted and water extracted feedstocks were all in the range of 97 to 98%. Ethanol extractions removed 4.9% of the feedstock dry weight, compared to 17.2% of the dry matter being extracted with hot water. The extractives obtained via ethanol had negligible amounts of glycans. In contrast, the water extracted solids contained nearly 10% of the native feedstock total glucan. Pre-extracting the feedstock with ethanol had little effect, relative to the native feedstock, on the quantification of glycan components. In contrast, the water extracted feedstock measured significantly lower in total glucans and total glycans than the native feedstock. The lower values associated with the water extraction were due to the actual extraction of glucans from the feedstock, and not due to analytical interferences associated with the extractives. Ethanol and water extracted feedstocks measured significantly lower in Klason lignin than the corresponding native feedstock. This was presumably due to the removal of Klason lignin impurities present in the native feedstock, and not due to the extraction of lignin itself The combined results from this study indicate that an informative approach to the analysis of com stover feedstock would include the pre-extraction of the feedstock with hot water prior to further analyses. The appropriate macrocomponent analyses should then be done on both the extracted feedstock and the "extractives" obtained from that feedstock. Analysis of the extracted feedstock, as compared to the native feedstock, would provide more accurate estimates of the cellulose and lignin content of the feedstock. The summative analysis of both the extracted solids and the extractives will provide a reliable estimate of the total amount of carbohydrate potentially available in the feedstock for microbial fermentation to ethanol. The Role of Solvent Extraction in the Chemical Characterization of Corn Stover Feedstock
Authenticating Humanness in Collaborative Systems Using AI-Hard Problems in Perception and Cognition

Collaborative applications including email, chat, filesharing networks, blogs, and gaming are under constant threat of automated programs that are gaining access to, attacking, degrading, or otherwise disrupting the intended communications and interactions. Thus, an important issue in collaborative systems security is how to verify that a user is a human, and not a computer attempting to access the system for malicious purposes. We propose and discuss several AI-hard examples from perception and cognition that may be useful for distinguishing between human-level intelligence and artificial
El contagio social, la efectividad del narrador y la discusión como factor moderador

El estudio realizado indago acerca de las condiciones que propician la efectividad de los Narradores confiables y no confiables en generar recuerdos compartidos por medio de un recupero conversacional. Estudiamos la capacidad de estos Narradores para imponer sus recuerdos sobre los demas participantes, atendiendo ademas a los niveles de convergencia logrados y a la capacidad moderadora que tienen las discusiones sobre el contagio social. Para ello, se diseno un experimento que constaba de tres fases: El dia 1, los participantes escucharon historias (cada sujeto escucho una version levemente modificada) y desarrollaron un recuerdo libre, individual y escrito acerca de cada una. El dia 2 participaron en un recupero grupal acerca de las historias. El dia 3 respondieron a tareas de reconocimiento forzado. La calidad de los recuerdos se manipulo (mejores o peores recuerdos), y se genero una situacion de desconfianza en uno de los participantes a fines de producir dos tipos de Narradores (confiables y no confiables) y de evaluar los procesos resistenciales. Los resultados indican que las diferencias entre Narradores confiables y no confiables dependen del tipo de dinamica conversacional que tiene lugar durante el recupero conversacional.
Common-Mode Ripple Current Estimator for Parallel Three-Phase Inverters

For the three-phase parallel voltage source inverter systems with common dc link, several control methods were developed to suppress the common-mode circulating current. The common-mode ripple current is the main disturbance source of the common-mode circulating current control system that forms part of the parallel discontinuous pulsewidth modulation (PWM) inverter system. In this paper, a real-time analysis method for the common-mode ripple voltage of the three-phase discontinuous PWM inverter is proposed, whereby the amplitude of the common-mode ripple current can be estimated correctly, the hysteresis width of the circulating current controller can be adjusted to be as small as possible, and consequently, the rms circulating current is minimized as well. The simulation and experimental results are presented to confirm the theoretical analysis method of the common-mode ripple current and the performance of the proposed common-mode ripple current estimator.
Public Information in Markov Games

In a Markov game, players engage in a sequence of games determined by a Markov process. In this setting, this paper investigates the impact of varying the informativeness of public information, as defined by Blackwell [8,9], pertaining to the games that will be played in future periods. In brief, when a curvature condition on payoffs is satisfied, the finding is that, for any fixed discount factor, the set of strongly symmetric subgame perfect equilibrium payoffs of a Markov game with more informative signals is contained in this set of equilibrium payoffs if the Markov game is played with any less informative signals. The second result shows that larger equilibrium payoffs are possible with less informative signals when the curvature condition fails, but only for some discount factors. The third result strengthens the curvature condition, but generalizes the first result to all subgame perfect equilibrium payoffs. Finally, a collusion application is presented to illustrate the curvature condition.
universitarios Internal , External and Bilateral factors associated with deser � on in university students

Taking into account twelve indices of factors associated with deser on in university students, a hypothe cal model of internal, external and bilateral factors was tested, based on data from a sample consis ng of 359 students from a public university in northwestern Mexico. Exploratory and confirmatory factorial analyzes suggested the structuring of three main factors associated with dropout, which agrees with the theore cal model proposed by the authors: 1. Internal Student Factors (ISF), 2. External Student Factors (ESF), and 3. Bilateral Factors (BF). A good divergent and convergent validity of constructs were obtained, with significant parameters for p <0.001, 2 likewise, a confirmatory model with good goodness of fit was obtained (X = = 151.94; p = .00001; CFI = .91; RMSEA = .089). However, the factorial structure has slight varia ons in terms of its components previously specified in the theore cal model, an aspect that will be analyzed in the discussion. KEY WORDS
Social media and online political discussion: The effect of cues and informational cascades on participation in online political communities

This study examines, through a content analysis of the census of news stories posted in a Colombian online political community, how status cues and informational cascades shape participation in online political discussions. Specifically, it looks at how the authors’ news stories posting increase rate, the number of news story sources, the velocity at which comments to a news story start to appear, and the comment interactivity affect discussion participation. Results suggest that cues that signal expertise influence participation, while discussion among users also influences the decision of others to participate. However, the effect of these variables is stronger for some topics. Implications for the constitution of public spheres are discussed.