Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Nutrient runoff from forested watersheds in central Japan during typhoon storms: implications for understanding runoff mechanisms during storm events

We investigated the characteristics of nutrients (N and P) and dissolved organic carbon (DOC) concentrations during high, intense typhoon storm and base flow periods from three watersheds (W1, W2 and W3) in central Japan. Concentrations in base flow were low and relatively constant. In contrast, concentrations of N, P, and DOC in runoff during typhoon storms became highly dynamic. Particulate nitrogen (PN) and particulate phosphorus (PP) concentrations in runoff were 4–50 times greater than those in base flow for all storm events. Because PN and PP concentrations were significantly correlated with suspended sediment concentrations, particulate nutrient transport may be associated with overland flow in forested hillslopes. Dissolved organic nitrogen (DON), NO3‐N, DOC and dissolved phosphorus (DP) concentrations in runoff were 1–10 times greater than those in base flow. All nutrients showed a clockwise, discrete hysteresis pattern, which implied that the sources of nutrients were from forested hillslopes. Additionally, the time constant (t1/e) calculated from a decreasing function suggested that particulate nutrients were mainly sourced from surface flow, whereas dissolved nutrients were provided from both surface flow and subsurface flow. The ratios of DOC:nitrate and UV:DOC suggested that higher values occurred in the early period of a storm event and was potentially related to the occurrence of overland flow. Our findings suggested that investigation of the parameters (e.g. DOC:nitrate and UV:DOC) were potentially useful for identifying sources of nutrients and potential applications of hydrological separation. Our results also contribute towards understanding the nutrient dynamics during intense storm events when various hydrological processes such as surface and subsurface runoffs govern the nutrient concentrations in headwater streams. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Relationship between spectral sugarcane data and local variation of soil attributes.

Interest in sugarcane production has strongly increased due to its significant role in biofuel and bioenergy production. The synoptic views generated from multi-temporal remote sensing data allow us to monitor the crop vigour during its lifecycle. Despite the influence of other factors, variation in crop spectral response over an area is in part explained by local variation of soil attributes. The objective of this work was to assess the relationship between spectral data and soil attributes to support site-specific management. The study area was located in Santa Maria da Serra (Sao Paulo). For physical and chemical routine characterizations, soil samples were collected at two depths from 130 locations. Cone index and water content measurements were made at almost 900 sampling points using a hydraulic-electronic penetrometer. The Green Vegetation Index was calculated from three Landsat 7/ ETM+ images after atmospheric corrections. Multivariate analyses were carried out. Two models were selected with three (clay, water contents and cation exchange capacity) and four (clay, water, organic matter, and magnesium contents) variables. They explained respectively 39% and 58% of total variation. The results support the fundamental assumption of the work that variation in crop spectral response over an area is in part explained by local variation of soil attributes.
Theoretical Biology and Medical Modelling

Background: Modeling of molecular networks is necessary to understand their dynamical properties. While a wealth of information on molecular connectivity is available, there are still relatively few data regarding the precise stoichiometry and kinetics of the biochemical reactions underlying most molecular networks. This imbalance has limited the development of dynamical models of biological networks to a small number of well-characterized systems. To overcome this problem, we wanted to develop a methodology that would systematically create dynamical models of regulatory networks where the flow of information is known but the biochemical reactions are not. There are already diverse methodologies for modeling regulatory networks, but we aimed to create a method that could be completely standardized, i.e. independent of the network under study, so as to use it systematically. Results: We developed a set of equations that can be used to translate the graph of any regulatory network into a continuous dynamical system. Furthermore, it is also possible to locate its stable steady states. The method is based on the construction of two dynamical systems for a given network, one discrete and one continuous. The stable steady states of the discrete system can be found analytically, so they are used to locate the stable steady states of the continuous system numerically. To provide an example of the applicability of the method, we used it to model the regulatory network controlling T helper cell differentiation. Conclusion: The proposed equations have a form that permit any regulatory network to be translated into a continuous dynamical system, and also find its steady stable states. We showed that by applying the method to the T helper regulatory network it is possible to find its known states of activation, which correspond the molecular profiles observed in the precursor and effector cell types.
Exploiting NB-IoT Network Performance and Capacity for Smart-Metering Use-Cases

The requirements introduced in directive 2019/944 of the European Parliament for the smart metering scenarios, which differ from the ones defined in ITD-R M.2410, accelerated the integration of cellular technologies for the Internet of Things (IoT). Requiring a permanent connection to the cellular network (radio resource control in a connected state) and more synchronous-oriented data transmissions led to selecting the Narrowband IoT (NB-IoT) technology as the main enabler for the secured data transmissions. This paper focuses on the features introduced by 3GPP in Release 13, i.e., user plane and control plane optimization, and Release 15 early data transmissions (EDT) for the smart metering scenarios. Our simulation results confirm that EDT is a powerful feature for decreasing transmission delay and improving spectrum efficiency with reduced overheads. Our results show that the transmission delay is reduced by over 50 %. Notably, the data indicates EDT significantly improves latency for smaller messages (for Release 13, less than 97 B in uplink and 57 B in downlink). Finally, the results confirm that an NB-IoT network (3GPP Release. 13; NB1) can manage 1000 smart meters per single base station communicating in a 15 minutes window.
Theoretical Biology and Medical Modelling

Background: A significant body of literature is devoted to modeling developmental mechanisms that create patterns within groups of initially equivalent embryonic cells. Although it is clear that these mechanisms do not function in isolation, the timing of and interactions between these mechanisms during embryogenesis is not well known. In this work, a computational approach was taken to understand how lateral inhibition, differential adhesion and programmed cell death can interact to create a mosaic pattern of biologically realistic primary and secondary cells, such as that formed by sensory (primary) and supporting (secondary) cells of the developing chick inner ear epithelium. Results: Four different models that interlaced cellular patterning mechanisms in a variety of ways were examined and their output compared to the mosaic of sensory and supporting cells that develops in the chick inner ear sensory epithelium. The results show that: 1) no single patterning mechanism can create a 2-dimensional mosaic pattern of the regularity seen in the chick inner ear; 2) cell death was essential to generate the most regular mosaics, even through extensive cell death has not been reported for the developing basilar papilla; 3) a model that includes an iterative loop of lateral inhibition, programmed cell death and cell rearrangements driven by differential adhesion created mosaics of primary and secondary cells that are more regular than the basilar papilla; 4) this same model was much more robust to changes in homo-and heterotypic cell-cell adhesive differences than models that considered either fewer patterning mechanisms or single rather than iterative use of each mechanism.
A Study on Geometric and Material Properties of the Mangrove Root System in Singapore

Although the effect of wave attenuation by mangrove has been widely observed and studied, the problem pertaining to how to accurately describe the geometrical properties is still remaining unresolved. Also, the material properties of mangrove root have not been comprehensively studied before. This is study is dedicated for the survey on geometric and material properties of mangrove in Singapore for future modeling work. In this study, two types of mangrove are surveyed, as Sonneratia alba and Rhizophora, for the two survey types of mangroves are mostly abundant in Singapore and Johor River region. Photogrammetry technique has been extensively practiced for capturing the geometrical properties of the mangrove root. Lab testing has been carried out to obtain the material properties of mangrove root. The geometrical properties studied are mainly root density, root distribution and root height. The material properties studied are the mass density, moisture content and modulus of elasticity of the mangrove roots.
Illuminating Mental Representations Through Speech and Gesture

Can the gestures people produce when describing algebra word problems offer insight into their mental representations of the problems? Twenty adults were asked to describe six word problems about constant change, and then to talk aloud as they solved the problems. Two problems depicted continuous change, two depicted discrete change, and two depicted change that could be construed as either continuous or discrete. Participants' verbal and gestured descriptions of the problems often incorporated information about manner of change. However, the information conveyed in gesture was not always the same as the information conveyed in speech. Participants' problem representations, as expressed in speech and gesture, were systematically related to their problem solutions. When gesture reinforced the representation expressed in the spoken description, participants were very likely to solve the problem using a strategy compatible with that representation—much more likely than when gesture did not reinforce the spoken description. The results indicate that gesture and speech together provide a better index of mental representation than speech alone.
THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN SLEEP QUALITY AND ACADEMIC PERFORMANCE AMONG UNDERGRADUATE MEDICAL STUDENTS - A CROSS-SECTIONAL STUDY

Background: Good sleep is necessary for good health. Poor night time sleep can harm not only physical and mental health but also the cognitive abilities of the students. We aimed to determine the relationship between poor sleep quality and academic performance among undergraduate medical students in India. Material & Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted using the questionnaire method among undergraduate medical students studying at a tertiary care teaching hospital in Kerala state of India. Sleep quality was assessed using the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI). Academic performance was assessed by the student`s self-reported grade point average (GPA), which was then compared with the various parameters of sleep quality. Results: After omitting the incomplete entries the final sample size attained was 218.Mean (SD) GPA was 2.2 (0.6). Median PSQI was 5.0 and poor sleep quality was prevalent among 90 (41.3%) of the students significant difference was seen in the academic performance between the good sleepers and the poor sleepers. Poor habitual sleep efficiency (<65%) is strongly correlated with poor academic grades (p<.003). Conclusion: The prevalence of poor sleep quality among medical students in India and its negative impact on academic performance is alarming. Sleep education programs to improve the sleep quality of medical students in India remain a need of the hour.
Estimation of body mass index from the metrics of the first metatarsal

Estimation of the biological profile from as many skeletal elements as possible is a necessity in both forensic and bioarchaeological contexts; this includes non-standard aspects of the biological profile, such as body mass index (BMI). BMI is a measure that allows for understanding of the composition of an individual and is traditionally divided into four groups: underweight, normal weight, overweight, and obese. BMI estimation incorporates both estimation of stature and body mass. The estimation of stature from skeletal elements is commonly included into the standard biological profile but the estimation of body mass needs to be further statistically validated to be consistently included. The bones of the foot, specifically the first metatarsal, may have the ability to estimate BMI given an allometric relationship to stature and the mechanical relationship to body mass. There are two commonly used methods for stature estimation, the anatomical method and the regression method. The anatomical method takes into account all of the skeletal elements that contribute to stature while the regression method relies on the allometric relationship between a skeletal element and living stature. A correlation between the metrics of the first metatarsal and living stature has been observed, and proposed as a method for valid stature estimation from the boney foot (Byers et al., 1989).
Electronic Communications of the EASST Volume 29 ( 2010 ) Proceedings of the Ninth International Workshop on Graph Transformation and Visual Modeling Techniques ( GT-VMT 2010 ) Preserving constraints in horizontal model transformations

Graph rewriting is gaining credibility in the model transformation field, and tools are increasingly used to specify transformation activities. However, their use is often limited by special features of graph transformation approaches, which might not be familiar to experts in the modeling domain. On the other hand, transformations for specific domains may require special constraints to be enforced on transformation results. Preserving such constraints by manual definition of graph transformations can be a cumbersome and error-prone activity. We explore the problem of ensuring that possible violations of constraints following a transformation are repaired in a way coherent with the intended meaning of the transformation. In particular, we consider the use of transformation units within the DPO approach for intra-model transformations, where the modeling language is expressed via a type graph and graph conditions. We derive additional rules in a unit from a declarative rule expressing the principal objective of the transformation, so that the constraints set by the type graph and the graph conditions hold after the application of the unit. The approach is illustrated with reference to a diagrammatic reasoning system.
Electronic Communications of the EASST Volume 61 ( 2013 ) Selected Revised Papers from the 4 th International Workshop on Graph Computation Models ( GCM 2012 ) Derivation Languages of Graph Grammars

We investigate sequential derivation languages associated with graph grammars, as a loose generalisation of free-labeled Petri nets and Szilard languages. The grammars are used to output strings of rule labels, and the applicability of a special rule determines the acceptance of a preceding derivation. Due to the great power of such grammars, this family of languages is quite large and endowed with many closure properties. All derivation languages are decidable in nondeterministic polynomial time and space O(n logn), by simulation of the graph grammar on a Turing machine.
The Qualitative Report The Qualitative Report

Abstract Recently, there have been calls for renewed attention to the roots of Grounded Theory in pragmatism, and this article continues that effort at both the theoretical and the procedural level. From a theoretical perspective, it counters the claim that pragmatism is compatible with a relativist epistemology, as claimed by advocates of Constructivist Grounded Theory, and argues instead for a cyclical process of inquiry that moves from beliefs to actions to consequences. At the procedural level, the article demonstrates four concrete principles so that pragmatism: replaces induction with abduction; emphasizes the importance of prior beliefs as starting points; treats theoretical sampling as action following earlier inquiry; and, justifies the importance of verification in developing theory. Overall, it demonstrates the value of pursuing a more fully pragmatic version of Grounded Theory.
8. MAGNETOSTRATIGRAPHY OF MIOCENE AND PLEISTOCENE SEDIMENTS ON THE NEW JERSEY SLOPE1

Magnetostratigraphic data are presented for lower, middle, and upper Miocene and middle-upper Pleistocene terrigenous sections recovered during Ocean Drilling Program Leg 150 (New Jersey Margin). The study is focused on Site 903 (upper slope) and Site 904 (lower slope). Large-volume (42 cm3), quarter core discrete samples are used as a means of enhancing the practical sensitivity to measurement of very weakly magnetized sediments. Magnetostratigraphic correlations to the geomagnetic polarity time scale (GPTS) are made within the framework set forth by the biostratigraphic information and Sr age data. At Site 903, the magnetostratigraphy of Pleistocene, Pliocene, and Miocene sections to a depth of 800 mbsf is supported by diatoms, planktonic foraminifers, and dinoflagellate cysts. At Site 904, magnetostratigraphic correlation of Pleistocene and Miocene sections (0-400 mbsf) is supported by planktonic foraminifers and Sr isotope data. A middle-upper Miocene sedimentary section at Site 903 and at Site 904 bounded by common disconformities (and identified with seafloor seismic reflectors) fails to correlate magnetostratigraphically, suggesting the sedimentary sequence is younger downslope.
The Qualitative Report The Qualitative Report

Abstract Limerence is an acute onset, unexpected, obsessive attachment to one person, the Limerent Object, which is rarely reported in scientific literature. Presented here is an interpretative phenomenological analysis to explore the livedexperience of six international Limerent respondents. The condition's unique and common journey is conceptualised in a Limerence Trajectory, which is characterized by generally sequential yet overlapping super-ordinate themes. The themes primarily regard experiences of ruminative thinking, free floating anxiety and depression temporarily fixated and the disintegration of the self. These themes are further linked to an inclination to reintegrate unresolved past life(s) experiences and to progress to a state of greater authenticity (i.e., being truer to one's inner self). A paradigm shift is identified in the realization that both a real and idealized Limerent Object are involved which may relate to attachment anxieties. Symptomology relating to Obsessive Compulsive Disorder, addiction, separation anxiety and depression, Post Traumatic Stress Disorder, disassociated states and maladaptive fantasy are discussed. The study authors and respondents collective aim is to promote awareness, research and resources for Limerent Experiencers and those who seek to support them.
Hypertensive Disorders of Pregnancy : Effects on Mother and Baby Flow-mediated dilation and peripheral arterial tonometry are disturbed in preeclampsia and reflect different aspects of endothelial function

X Dominique Mannaerts, Ellen Faes, Inge Goovaerts, Tibor Stoop, Jerome Cornette, Wilfried Gyselaers, Marc Spaanderman, Emeline M. Van Craenenbroeck, and Yves Jacquemyn Research Group, Antwerp Surgical Training, Anatomy & Research Center, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium; Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Antwerp University Hospital, Antwerp, Belgium; Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Cardiology and Department of Cardiology, Antwerp University Hospital, Edegem, Belgium; Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, The Netherlands; Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Ziekenhuis-Oost Limburg, Genk, Belgium; Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Maastricht University Medical Centre, Maastricht, The Netherlands; and Research Group Cardiovascular Diseases, Translational Pathophysiological Research, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
Are the driving forces of hydrological models really driving the model output

Rainfall is very often considered as the driving force of hydrological models. If the rainfall changes, the model output (i.e. flow) is also expected to change. In principal, as long as the values of the model parameters are fixed, rainfall will indeed determine the model output. Yet, uncertainties on the input, the model(parameters) and the output lead to variations of the actual values and can disrupt this rigid hypothesis. Hence, the question could be raised if it would be possible to maintain exactly the same initial model output when the model input changes, by varying the model parameter values? Or, in other words, how important is the rainfall/input and the related uncertainty for the model output with respect to the model parameter importance? We assess the significance of the input uncertainty on the model output and compare it to the importance of the model parameters by applying a Sobol' sensitivity analysis for 3 different hydrological models, considering 4 scenario's for the parameters included in the analysis. Within these sensitivity analyses, the input uncertainty is handled in a probabilistic way by applying so called rainfall multipliers on hydrological independent storm events and treating them as regular model parameters. This paper presents the main expected results of these sensitivity analyses. The results increase the awareness for research prioritization in view of the improvement of hydrological modelling. Besides, this study highlights the close relationship between uncertainty analysis and sensitivity analysis, and provides new opportunities to use sensitivity analysis for uncertainty importance assessment.