Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Characterization of diffeomorphisms that are symplectomorphisms

We consider diffeomorphism invariance of symplectic data on submanifolds of symplectic manifolds. We prove that for the canonical restrictions for toruses or general submanifolds of compact symplectic manifold they still exist as the symplectic submanifolds or isotropic toruses. Let (X, ωX) and (Y, ωY ) be symplectic manifolds or compact symplectic manifolds of dimension 2n > 2. Let us fix a number s with 0 < s < n and assume that a diffeomorphism Φ : X → Y maps all 2s-dimensional symplectic submanifolds of X to symplectic submanifolds of Y or it maps all isotropic k-dimensional toruses of X to isotropic toruses of Y (1 < k ≤ n). We prove that in these both cases (symplectic and isotropic ones) Φ is a conformal symplectomorphism, i.e., there is a constant c 6= 0 such that ΦωY = cωX .
Distributed Storage Schemes for Controlling Data Availability in Wireless Sensor Networks

The high unreliability of sensor nodes decreases the data availability. The replica management systems can provide very high data availability in the distributed systems. Due to energy limitations, the biggest challenge is the placement and management of replicas in the sensor networks. This paper addresses the problem of introducing sufficient redundancy with minimal communication cost to a network such that the entire network data can be retrieved after a failure. We formalize the replica placement problem and using failure models, give the optimal placement equation. Because the optimal placement equation is the 0-1 integer program problem which generally is very difficult to solve, we simplify the optimization equation by implicit enumeration method. The proposed data distribute scheme reduces the communication cost and ensure data availability in wireless sensor networks. Keywords-Wireless sensor networks; Distributed storage scheme; Replication; Failure models
A More or Less Unequal World? World Income Distribution in the 20th Century

Statistical studies are hardly needed to prove the existence of immense material inequality between human beings. It is evident to anyone who walks down the street in most major cities or watches a television newscast which jumps from images of famine in Angola to the business or the football transfer news. This article takes the existence of great inequality as given but discusses the various ways in which that inequality can be and is measured and surveys evidence about how inequality on a world scale has evolved during the last century and especially since 1980.
The Effects of Intracellular Iontophoretic Injection of Calcium and Sodium Ions on the Light Response of Limulus Ventral Photoreceptors

During intracellular iontophoretic injection of Ca++ into Limulus ventral photoreceptor cells, there is a progressive diminution of the light response. Following Ca++ injection, the size of the light response slowly recovers. Similarly, there is a progressive diminution of the light response during intracellular injection of Na+ and recovery after the injection is stopped. The rate of diminution during Na+ injection is greater for higher [Ca++]out. In solutions which contain 0.1 mM Ca++, there is nearly no progressive decrease in the size of the light response during Na+ injection. Intracellular injections of Li+ or K+ do not progressively decrease the size of the light response. We propose that an increase in [Na+]in leads to an increase in [Ca++]in and that an increase in [Ca++]in by any means leads to a reduction in responsiveness to light.
Optimal pricing of capacitated networks

We address the algorithmic complexity of a profit maximization problem in capacitated, undirected networks. We are asked to price a set of m capacitated network links to serve a set of n potential customers. Each customer is interested in purchasing a network connection that is specified by a simple path in the network and has a maximum budget that we assume to be known to the seller. The goal is to decide which customers to serve, and to determine prices for all network links in order to maximize the total profit. We address this pricing problem in different network topologies. More specifically, we derive several results on the algorithmic complexity of this profit maximization problem, given that the network is either a path, a cycle, a tree, or a grid. Our results include approximation algorithms as well as inapproximability results. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. NETWORKS, 2009
A Heterogeneous Multi-channel Assignment Algorithm Based on Neighbor Information and Channel Usage Statistics

Channel assignment algorithm has a direct impact on the performance of multi-channel wireless network. The wireless network’s heterogeneous characteristic makes its channel assignment algorithm more complex. To address this issue, this paper gives a solution. By sharing neighbor nodes’ interface-channel information and channel usage frequency statistics, an integrated channel selection metric-CGSBM(Channel Gain and Statistic Based Metric)was designed. Then a heterogeneous channel assignment algorithm was designed based on CGSBM. The algorithm can help nodes having a global view when they are allocating channels and therefore it can take full advantage of the network resources and minimize the transmission interfere, eventually improve the aggregated network throughput. Finally, the simulation studies prove the algorithm's effectiveness in network throughput improvement.
How high-frequency do children hear ?

In industrial fields, sound waves above 20 kHz, known as ultrasonic waves, are widely applied to sensors, medical devices, welding equipment, and cleaning equipment. Recently, high-frequency sound waves around 20 kHz have been used for mouse-repelling devices and youth-repelling machines, and many such devices have been installed in public spaces. These devices generate sound waves that produce a nearby sound pressure level of 100dB or above. Furthermore, such sounds as those of turbines for dental treatment and railways sometimes have very high frequency. Therefore, we are exposed to many high-frequency sound waves in our daily lives. Although some past studies addressed the high-frequency (exceeding 10 kHz) hearing threshold, many of them were conducted on 20 year old adults. Almost nothing is known about the effect of high-frequency sound waves, including ultrasonic waves, on infants and children. Therefore, this study measured pure-tone hearing thresholds for sounds ranging from 1kHz to 32kHz with kindergarteners, primary schoolchildren, and junior high students (ages 6 to 15 years) . The thresholds could be obtained from all children at less than 22 kHz. Even at 26 kHz, threshold levels were lower than 100 dB(SPL) for 40 % of the children.
Preparation, characterization, and localization of antisera against bovine MP26, an integral protein from lens fiber plasma membrane

Polyclonal antisera were prepared in rabbits using both native and chymotrypsin-digested bovine lens fiber plasma membranes. MP26, the principal protein of lens fiber plasma membranes, and CT20, a chymotryptic fragment of MP26, were isolated electrophoretically and used to purify anti-MP26 and anti-CT20 activity from the respective antisera by affinity chromatography. These affinity-purified antisera were characterized by immunoreplica. Immunofluorescence microscopy localized MP26 on sections of methacrylate-embedded lenses in the lens fiber plasma membranes, but not the lens epithelium. Immunocytochemistry of isolated native or chymotrypsin-digested lens fiber plasma membranes localized both the MP26 and the CT20 only in the nonjunctional plasma membranes, with no detectable activity in the lens fiber junctions themselves. Electron microscopy revealed a second set of pentalaminar profiles, thinner by 4 nm than the lens fiber junctions, which contained demonstrable anti-MP26 and anti-CT20 activity following immunocytochemistry. These results indicate either that MP26 is not a component of the lens fiber junctions, or that significant conformational changes accompany assembly of MP26 into lens fiber junctions, resulting in the masking of MP26 antigenic determinants.
Canine hypoparathyroidism : case report

Primary hypoparathyroidism is an uncommon endocrinopathy in dogs, resulting from absolute or relative deficiency in the secretion of parathormone (PTH). The dog presented signs of hypocalcemia, including muscular spasms, tetany and cramps, evolving to tonic-clonic seizures and fever. Emergency therapy for hypocalcemia included glucose physiological solution at 0.45% and calcium gluconate administered intravenously. Diagnosis was confirmed by the presence of hypocalcemia, hyperphosphatemia and a decrease in parathormone (PTH).
Technologies for Assessment of Motor Disorders in Parkinson’s Disease: A Review

Parkinson’s Disease (PD) is characterized as the commonest neurodegenerative illness that gradually degenerates the central nervous system. The goal of this review is to come out with a summary of the recent progress of numerous forms of sensors and systems that are related to diagnosis of PD in the past decades. The paper reviews the substantial researches on the application of technological tools (objective techniques) in the PD field applying different types of sensors proposed by previous researchers. In addition, this also includes the use of clinical tools (subjective techniques) for PD assessments, for instance, patient self-reports, patient diaries and the international gold standard reference scale, Unified Parkinson Disease Rating Scale (UPDRS). Comparative studies and critical descriptions of these approaches have been highlighted in this paper, giving an insight on the current state of the art. It is followed by explaining the merits of the multiple sensor fusion platform compared to single sensor platform for better monitoring progression of PD, and ends with thoughts about the future direction towards the need of multimodal sensor integration platform for the assessment of PD.
An examination into self efficacy metacognition and academic performance of pre service ELT students prediction and difference

The aim of this study is of twofold: to examine in what degree the undergraduate ELT students’ sense of self-efficacy and metacognitive awareness predict their academic performance, and to investigate the difference in self-efficacy beliefs and metacognitive awareness according to grades. The study cohorts a total of 143 students enrolled in English Language Teaching department. In the study two different instruments were used: Teachers’ Sense of Self-Efficacy Scale (TSES) (Capa,
In vitro and in silico Approaches to the Identification of New Compounds with Antibacterial Profile

The emergence of multidrug-resistant bacterial strains is a world problem that increases the need for new and more effective antimicrobials. On that purpose, derivatives of cyclic systems may serve as new leads for discovering new active molecules. In this work we evaluated the antibacterial profile of 243 molecules derived from the systems thienopyridine, pyrazolopiridine, quinolone, chalcone, hydrazone and lapachone against Gram-positive and Gram-negative susceptible and multiresistant strains also comparing them with antibiotics of clinical use. Our results showed that among the 243 molecules tested, only eight derivatives were active with promissing MIC values (2-64μg/mL). Our theoretical in silico analysis showed that all active compounds fulfilled Lipinski rule of five (molecular weight = 344.37–409.24, clogP = 3.15–4.11, nHBA = 6–7, and nHBD = 2), similarly to commercial drugs as well as presented better druglikeness values (from -3.68 to 0.12) than chloramphenicol (-4.61) and linezolid (-4.08). Most of the active derivatives presented a low in silico toxicity risk profile, similar to oxacillin, ampicillin, and penicillin G, and even lower than that observed for chloramphenicol and linezolid. Theoretically HOMO and the electrostatic protential distribution may be contributing for this safer profile. This study used computacional tools and may help to deal with an important world health problem.
A Critical Evaluation of Selective Attention Measures

2015 ii ABSTRACT Selective attention is comprised of two simultaneous processes—the inhibition of distractors and the focus of attention on target stimuli; yet, many existing selective attention measures only measure one aspect of selective attention. This leads to a high possibility of Type I errors as high interference control or high working memory capacity may be mistaken for high selective attention. This paper proposes several criteria for high construct validity and external validity in selective attention measures. Concerning construct validity, the test must allow participants to exercise selective attention, adequately measure the level of attention to the distractor stimuli, and adequately measure level of attention to the target stimuli. Concerning external validity, tests should utilize multiple modalities of stimuli. Several existing measures of selective attention were evaluated using these criteria, and it was determined that the Stroop color-word task had low construct validity, the other existing measures had moderate construct validity, and the Ruff 2 & 7 test was found to have moderate external validity. Two selective attention measures are proposed however, which have high construct validity, though only moderate external validity. Further research should attempt to develop these and other tests, though multiple modalities of stimuli should be utilized. iii To all those with AD/HD— Whether they struggle with it or embrace it. navigate the many bumps in the road, for keeping me on schedule, and for the tough love. Additionally, I would like to thank Brendan Grant for providing the emotional support I needed throughout this project, as well as Savannah Osborn for helping me practice my conference presentation and keep perspective.
Injury prevention and environmental health : Key messages from disease control priorities

This chapter summarizes and critically assesses the Injury Prevention and Environmental Health volume’s four key findings. First, there is a large burden of death and disability from these conditions. Worldwide, injuries result in more than 5.1 million deaths per year out of a global total of 56 million deaths. There are also large numbers of deaths attributable to risk factors related to non-injury occupational exposures (560,000); inadequate access to clean water, sanitation, and hygiene (1.4 million deaths); and air pollution (5.5 million). The vast majority of these deaths are in low- and middle-income countries. Second, risk factors for these diseases vary with stages of development in ways that can be understood and used in designing prevention strategies. Third, there are a range of interventions that can effectively address these problems, many of which are among the most cost-effective and cost-beneficial of all interventions used to prevent disease. Fourth, this review synthesizes the volume’s prevention strategies to identify an effective essential package of interventions and policies, most of which have been inadequately applied globally. Better implementation of these interventions and policies would help to bring down the high rates of death and disability from these conditions in low- and middle-income countries towards the lower rates in high-income countries. Doing so could avert over 7,500,000 deaths annually from environmental and occupational exposures, and injuries.
Passivity-preserving model reduction for descriptor systems with H∞ norm error bounds

This paper considers the passivity-preserving model reduction problem for positive real descriptor systems. The model reduction principle is presented first, then a sufficient and necessary conditions is provided to check whether the high-order descriptor systems can be reduced with preservation of passivity. A model reduction algorithm is provided. Moreover, the presented method provides an H∞ norm bound on the approximation error.
Hemodynamic, Hormonal, and Renal Effects of (Pro)Renin Receptor Blockade in Experimental Heart Failure

Background—The (pro)renin receptor (P)RR is implicated in blood pressure regulation and the pathophysiology of heart failure (HF). The effects of (P)RR blockade in HF have not been previously investigated. Methods and Results—Eight sheep received on 2 separate days a vehicle control and incremental intravenous boluses of a (P)RR antagonist, ovine handle region peptide (HRP) (1, 5, and 25 mg at 90-minute intervals), both before (normal) and after induction of HF by rapid left ventricular pacing. In normal sheep, HRP reduced heart rate (P<0.001) and hematocrit (P=0.019) compared with time-matched control data, without significantly affecting any other hemodynamic, hormonal, or renal variables. In sheep with HF, HRP treatment induced progressive falls in mean arterial pressure (P<0.001) in association with decreases in left atrial pressure (P<0.001), peripheral resistance (P=0.014), and hematocrit (P<0.001). Cardiac contractility tended to decline (P=0.096), whereas cardiac output was unaltered. HRP administration produced a dose-dependent decrease in plasma renin activity (P=0.004), with similar trends observed for plasma angiotensin II and aldosterone (P=0.093 and P=0.088, respectively). Circulating natriuretic peptides, endothelin-1, and catecholamine levels were unchanged. HRP also induced a reduction in plasma sodium concentrations relative to control (P=0.024), a natriuresis (P=0.046), and a tendency for creatinine excretion and clearance to improve. Conclusions—(P)RR antagonism in experimental HF resulted in cardiovascular and renal benefits in association with inhibition of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system. These findings suggest that (P)RR contributes to pressure/volume regulation in HF and identifies the receptor as a potential therapeutic target in this disease.
A comparison study of the commutation methods for the three-phase permanent magnet brushless DC motor

The three-phase permanent magnet brushless dc (BLDC) motor inherently needs an electronic commutation circuit to drive it because it is not a self-commutating motor. It is contrary to the conventional brush motor which commutates itself. This paper presents a comparison study of three widely used different commutation methods in terms of the complexity of the commutation circuit, torque ripple, and efficiency. The principle of the operation of the three-phase BLDC motor is introduced first and then three commutation strategies – trapezoidal (sixstep), sinusoidal and field oriented control (FOC) are discussed in detail. The characteristics of the three commutation methods are investigated intensely, and the advantages and disadvantages of each are compared to the others. The second generation MC73110 motor control chip from Performance Motion Devices, Inc. is used for experimental verification of three different commutation strategies. It makes possible to control the BLDC motor with trapezoidal commutation with Hall-effect position sensor. The sinusoidal commutation with encoder position feedback and the FOC with either Hall or encoder position feedback signal are also achievable. The experimental motor waveforms and torque ripples with different commutation methods are further investigated.
Subcellular compartmentalization of Cd and Zn in two bivalves. II. Significance of trophically available metal (TAM)

This paper examines how the subcellular partitioning of Cd and Zn in the bivalves Macoma balthica and Potamocorbula amurensis may affect the trophic transfer of metal to predators. Results show that the partitioning of metals to organelles, 'enzymes' and metallothioneins (MT) com- prise a subcellular compartment containing trophically available metal (TAM; i.e. metal trophically available to predators), and that because this partitioning varies with species, animal size and metal, TAM is similarly influenced. Clams from San Francisco Bay, California, were exposed for 14 d to 3.5 µg l -1 Cd and 20.5 µg l -1 Zn, including 109 Cd and 65 Zn as radiotracers, and were used in feeding experiments with grass shrimp Palaemon macrodatylus, or used to investigate the subcellular parti- tioning of metal. Grass shrimp fed Cd-contaminated P. amurensis absorbed ~60% of ingested Cd, which was in accordance with the partitioning of Cd to the bivalve's TAM compartment (i.e. Cd asso- ciated with organelles, 'enzymes' and MT); a similar relationship was found in previous studies with grass shrimp fed Cd-contaminated oligochaetes. Thus, TAM may be used as a tool to predict the trophic transfer of at least Cd. Subcellular fractionation revealed that ~34% of both the Cd and Zn accumulated by M. balthica was associated with TAM, while partitioning to TAM in P. amurensis was metal-dependent (~60% for TAM-Cd%, ~73% for TAM-Zn%). The greater TAM-Cd% of P. amuren- sis than M. balthica is due to preferential binding of Cd to MT and 'enzymes', while enhanced TAM- Zn% of P. amurensis results from a greater binding of Zn to organelles. TAM for most species-metal combinations was size-dependent, decreasing with increased clam size. Based on field data, it is esti- mated that of the 2 bivalves, P. amurensis poses the greater threat of Cd exposure to predators because of higher tissue concentrations and greater partitioning as TAM; exposure of Zn to predators would be similar between these species.
Design principles for highly efficient organic light-emitting diodes

Abstract. Organic light-emitting diodes (OLEDs) show potential as the next-generation solid-state lighting technology. A major barrier to widespread adoption at this point is the efficiency droop that occurs for OLEDs at practical brightness (∼5000 cd/m2) levels necessary for general lighting. We highlight recent progress in highly efficient OLEDs at high brightness, where improvements are made by managing excitons in these devices through rational device design. General design principles for both white and monochrome OLEDs are discussed based on recent device architectures that have been successfully implemented. We expect that an improved understanding of exciton dynamics in OLEDs in combination with innovative device design will drive future development.
The flexure-based microgap rheometer (FMR)

We describe the design and construction of a new microrheometer designed to facilitate the viscometric study of complex fluids with very small sample volumes (1–10μl) and gaps of micrometer dimensions. The flexure-based microgap rheometer (FMR) is a shear-rate-controlled device capable of measuring the shear stress in a plane Couette configuration with directly controlled gaps between 1 and 200μm. White light interferometry and a three-point nanopositioning stage using piezo-stepping motors are used to control the parallelism of the upper and lower shearing surfaces, which are constructed from glass optical flats. A compound flexure system is used to hold the fluid sample testing unit between a drive spring connected to an “inchworm” motor and an independent sensor spring. Displacements in the sensing flexure are detected using an inductive proximity sensor. Ready optical access to the transparent shearing surfaces enables monitoring of the structural evolution in the gap with a long working-distance vide.