Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Extending PDDL to nondeterminism, limited sensing and iterative conditional plans

The last decade has witnessed a dramatic progress in the variety and performance of techniques and tools for classical planning. The existence of a de-facto standard modeling language for classical planning, PDDL, has played a relevant role in this process. PDDL has fostered information sharing and data exchange in the planning community, and has made international classical planning competitions possible. At the same time, in the last few years, non-classical planning has gained considerable attention, due to its capability to capture relevant features of real-life domains which the classical framework fails to express. However, no significant effort has been made to achieve a standard mean for expressing nonclassical problems, making it difficult for the planning community to compare non-classical approaches and systems. This paper provides a contribution in this direction. We extend PDDL in order to express three very relevant features outside classical planning: uncertainty in the initial state, nondeterministic actions, and partial observability. NPDDL’s extensions are designed to retain backward compatibility with PDDL, and with an emphasis on compactness of the representation. Moreover, we define a powerful, user-friendly plan language to go together with NPDDL. The language allows expressing program-like plans with branching and iterations structures, as it is necessary to solve planning problems in the presence of initial state uncertainty, nondeterminism and partial observability. We are testing NPDDL’s ability to cope with a variety of problems, as they are handled by a state-ofthe-art planner, MBP.
A fast multi-pattern matching algorithm for anti-virus scanning

Anti-virus Scanning is one of the key technologies in today's network security field. Multi-pattern matching algorithm plays an important role in the anti-virus applications. This paper analyzed some commonly used pattern matching algorithm. On the basis of AC-BNFA algorithm, this paper proposed an algorithm handling viruses with more than one signatures quickly. Experiments show that this algorithm is much faster than both exsited automaton-based algorithms and BM algorithm without consuming much memory.
Effective browsing of web image search results

The rapid development of web image search engines has enabled users to search hundred million of images available on the Web. However, due to the unsatisfactory performance of current search technologies, people still need to spend much time in navigating through the large number of result pages to find images of their interest. In this paper, we analyze the user information needs for web image search results browsing and propose to employ a similarity-based organization to present the search results. A user study is carried out to compare our approach with a ranking-based list interface and a cluster-based interface. Experimental results show that similarity-based presentation can help users to explore image search results more naturally and efficiently
Clinical Heterogeneity of Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy (DMD): Definition of Sub-Phenotypes and Predictive Criteria by Long-Term Follow-Up

Background To explore clinical heterogeneity of Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD), viewed as a major obstacle to the interpretation of therapeutic trials Methodology/Principal Findings A retrospective single institution long-term follow-up study was carried out in DMD patients with both complete lack of muscle dystrophin and genotyping. An exploratory series (series 1) was used to assess phenotypic heterogeneity and to identify early criteria predicting future outcome; it included 75 consecutive steroid-free patients, longitudinally evaluated for motor, respiratory, cardiac and cognitive functions (median follow-up: 10.5 yrs). A validation series (series 2) was used to test robustness of the selected predictive criteria; it included 34 more routinely evaluated patients (age>12 yrs). Multivariate analysis of series 1 classified 70/75 patients into 4 clusters with distinctive intellectual and motor outcomes: A (early infantile DMD, 20%): severe intellectual and motor outcomes; B (classical DMD, 28%): intermediate intellectual and poor motor outcome; C (moderate pure motor DMD, 22%): normal intelligence and delayed motor impairment; and D (severe pure motor DMD, 30%): normal intelligence and poor motor outcome. Group A patients had the most severe respiratory and cardiac involvement. Frequency of mutations upstream to exon 30 increased from group A to D, but genotype/phenotype correlations were restricted to cognition (IQ>71: OR 7.7, 95%CI 1.6–20.4, p<0.003). Diagnostic accuracy tests showed that combination of “clinical onset <2 yrs” with “mental retardation” reliably assigned patients to group A (sensitivity 0.93, specificity 0.98). Combination of “lower limb MMT score>6 at 8 yrs” with “normal or borderline mental status” reliably assigned patients to group C (sensitivity: 1, specificity: 0.94). These criteria were also predictive of “early infantile DMD” and “moderate pure motor DMD” in series 2. Conclusions/Significance DMD can be divided into 4 sub-phenotypes differing by severity of muscle and brain dysfunction. Simple early criteria can be used to include patients with similar outcomes in future therapeutic trials.
N-terminal modifications of cellular proteins: The enzymes involved, their substrate specificities and biological effects

The vast majority of eukaryotic proteins are N‐terminally modified by one or more processing enzymes. Enzymes acting on the very first amino acid of a polypeptide include different peptidases, transferases, and ligases. Methionine aminopeptidases excise the initiator methionine leaving the nascent polypeptide with a newly exposed amino acid that may be further modified. N‐terminal acetyl‐, methyl‐, myristoyl‐, and palmitoyltransferases may attach an acetyl, methyl, myristoyl, or palmitoyl group, respectively, to the α‐amino group of the target protein N‐terminus. With the action of ubiquitin ligases, one or several ubiquitin molecules are transferred, and hence, constitute the N‐terminal modification. Modifications at protein N‐termini represent an important contribution to proteomic diversity and complexity, and are essential for protein regulation and cellular signaling. Consequently, dysregulation of the N‐terminal modifying enzymes is implicated in human diseases. We here review the different protein N‐terminal modifications occurring co‐ or post‐translationally with emphasis on the responsible enzymes and their substrate specificities.
AN ANALYSIS OF THE CHARACTERISTICS OFLANGUAGE VARIETY USED ON FACEBOOK® STATUSESOF AVARA VADYA’S ACCOUNT

NOVITRI FADHILAH 14111310048 AN ANALYSIS OF THE CHARACTERISTICS OF LANGUAGE VARIETY USED ON FACEBOOK® STATUSES OF AVARA VADYA’S ACCOUNT Language is a tool to deliver a message from someone orally or written and can be understood in the society. Sociolinguistics is an important study how to use the language in society with different culture, gender, status and social background. As stated by Holmes “sociolinguists study the relationship between language and society” (Holmes, 1992: 1). Now, the social media undergone has many developments, from Friendster, Facebook, Twitter, Path and etc. Here the researcher will discuss the social media Facebook, which is used as an object of research to determine variations and characteristics of the language used by Facebook users. The purposes of this research are to enrich knowledge about language variety and kinds of languages on social media Facebook. This study was primarily intended to capture characteristics of language variety and the functions of language used on facebook statuses of Avara Vayda’s account. Contribute to the language of the field of sociolinguistic study in linguistic particular and expected to provide insight into benefits of language study in particular the characteristics of language use on facebook status. The researcher used qualitative method using documentation study from statuses facebook of Avara Vadya’s account. Qualitative method is used for this research because first, it is expected the researcher will be able to find out the characteristics of language, and analyze the characteristics of language variety used on facebook statuses of Avara Vadya’s account. Second, it is more useful and has high contribution for the students skill in English especially Sociolinguistics. Third, to know the feelings of the participants involved and further to discover the underlying motivate of their behavior. Last, It primarily uses a qualitative approach in analyzing the data considering the purpose of this study is to authentically capture the phenomenon of human linguistic experience. There are results of the researcher’s analysis of The Characteristics of Language Variety Used on Facebook® Statuses of Avara Vadya’s Account, language variety that much used by the facebook users, there are Consultative, Casual and Intimate. Beside that functions of language, there are from speaker aspect, listener aspect, contact between listener and speaker, topics, code, and messages. Keyword : Analysis, Language variety, and Facebook statuses
Geometric analysis of Lorentzian distance function on spacelike hypersurfaces

Some analysis on the Lorentzian distance in a spacetime with controlled sectional (or Ricci) curvatures is done. In particular, we focus on the study of the restriction of such distance to a spacelike hypersurface satisfying the Omori-Yau maximum principle. As a consequence, and under appropriate hypotheses on the (sectional or Ricci) curvatures of the ambient spacetime, we obtain sharp estimates for the mean curvature of those hypersurfaces. Moreover, we also give a sufficient condition for its hyperbolicity.
Designing an adaptive multimedia interactive to support shared learning experiences

With the aid of new technologies, integrated design approaches are becoming increasingly incorporated into exhibit design in museums, aquaria and science centres. These settings share many similar design constraints that need to be addressed when designing multimedia interactives as exhibits. The use of adaptive systems and techniques can overcome many of the constraints inherent in these environments as well as enhance the educational content they incorporate. Our main design goal was to facilitate a process to create user centric, collaborative and reflective learning spaces around the smart multimedia interactives. We were interested in encouraging deeper exploration of the content than what is typically possible through wall signage, video display or a supplemental web page. We discuss techniques to bring adaptive systems into public informal learning settings, and validate these techniques in a major aquarium with a beluga simulation interactive. The virtual belugas, in a natural pod context, learn and alter their behavior based on contextual visitor interaction. Data from researchers, aquarium staff and visitors was incorporated into the evolving interactive, which uses physically based systems for natural whale locomotion and water, artificial intelligence systems to simulation natural behavior, all of which respond to user input. The interactive allows visitors to engage in educational "what-if" scenarios of wild beluga emergent behavior using a shared tangible interface controlling a large screen display.
Answering Factoid Questions in the Biomedical Domain

In this work we present a novel approach towards the extraction of factoid answers to biomedical questions. The approach is based on the combination of structured (ontological) and unstructured (textual) knowledge sources, which enables the system to extract factoid answer candidates out of a predefined set of documents that are related to the input questions. The candidates are scored by applying a variety of scoring schemes and are combined to find the best extracted candidate answer. The suggested approach was submitted in the framework of the BioASQ challenge as the baseline system to address the automated answering of factoid questions, in the framework of challenge 1b. Preliminary evaluation in the factoid questions of the dry-run set of the competition shows promising results, with a reported average accuracy of 54.66%.
What Drives Good Governance? A Structural Equation Model of Nonprofit BoardPerformance

The study of nonprofit governance is coming into its theoretical heyday by incorporating a sophisticated understanding of its contingent and multidimensional nature. A systems view of governance acknowledges the interplay of internal and external dynamics on board performance. But empirically, large-scale, generalizable data that can test these concepts on board performance have been scarce. This study helps to fill that gap with a structural equation analysis of a national representative survey of member-serving organizations. The results suggest that board performance is associated with complex organizational and labor dynamics, and that performance metrics themselves are multidimensional. Furthermore, not all relationships with strong boards are directly measurable. Some appear related to indirect external market dynamics or healthy internal dynamics such as learning and self-evaluation.
Narcissism as Addiction to Esteem

Morf and Rhodewalt (this issue) provide a masterful summary of the research literature on narcissism. In their view, narcissists are highly motivated to gain the admiration of others, and their attempts to fulfill this motivation are ultimately costly and self-defeating because they ruin the relationships on which they seemingly rely for the admiration they seek. Our comment is intended to carry this analysis one step further. Narcissism can be considered a pattern of addiction. That is, narcissism may not be a lifelong personality trait in the usual sense but rather a pattern of yielding to inner urges in a way that proves costly and self-destructive-not unlike other, more familiar addictions. As a result, a narcissist's life may be characterized not by a stable sense of inflated self-regard, but rather by periods of relative normality punctuated by phases of self-aggrandizing inflation, possibly leading to destructive consequences that may occasionally cause the person to revert to a more normal, balanced view of self To be sure, an addiction analogy may seem directly contrary to Morf and Rhodewalt's depiction of narcissistic self-regulation, because addiction is often understood precisely as a failure of self-regulation. Yet the contradiction may be more apparent than real. Addicts do indeed often fail because they indulge their appetites to destructive extremes, but along the way, they may exhibit considerable and effective self-regulation as they manage their activities and affairs toward the goal of satisfying their addictive cravings. Indeed, maintaining a certain level of heroin or alcohol in the bloodstream can be regarded as itself a form of self-regulation-and one that has much in parallel with maintaining a steady inflow of social admiration.
Molecular tests of phylogenetic taxonomies: a general procedure and example using four subfamilies of the lizard family Iguanidae.

A general procedure is described for examining when results of molecular phylogenetic analyses warrant formal revision of taxonomies constructed using morphological characters. We illustrate this procedure with tests of monophyly for four subfamilies in the lizard family Iguanidae using 1561 aligned base positions (838 phylogenetically informative) of mitochondrial DNA sequences, representing coding regions for eight tRNAs, ND2, and portions of ND1 and COI. Ten new sequences ranging in length from 1732 to 1751 bases are compared with 12 previously reported sequences and 67 morphological characters (54 phylogenetically informative) from the literature. New morphological character states are provided for Sator. Phylogenies derived from the molecular and combined data are in agreement but both conflict with phylogenetic inferences from the morphological data alone. Strong support is found for the monophyly of the subfamilies Crotaphytinae and Phrynosomatinae. Monophyly of the Iguaninae is weakly supported in each analysis. All analyses suggest that the Tropidurinae is not monophyletic but the hypothesis of monophyly cannot be rejected. A phylogenetic taxonomy is proposed in which the Tropidurinae* is maintained as a metataxon (denoted with an asterisk), for which monophyly has not been demonstrated. Within the Phrynosomatinae, the close relationship of Sator and Sceloporus is questioned and an alternative hypothesis in which Sator is the sister taxon to a clade comprising Petrosaurus, Sceloporus, and Urosaurus is presented. Statistical tests of monophyly provide a powerful way to evaluate support for taxonomic groupings. Use of the metataxon prevents premature taxonomic rearrangements where support is lacking.
Ferritin as a predictor of decline in residual renal function in peritoneal dialysis patients

Background/Aims Aims: Inflammation is an important factor in renal injury. Ferritin, an inflammatory marker, is considered an independent predictor of rapid renal progression in patients with chronic kidney disease. However, the relationship between ferritin and residual renal function (RRF) in patients undergoing peritoneal dialysis (PD) remains unclear. Methods We reviewed the medical records of patients who started PD between June 2001 and March 2012 at Soonchunhyang University Bucheon Hospital, Korea. A total of 123 patients were enrolled in the study. At 1 month after the initiation of PD, RRF was determined by a 24-hour urine collection and measured every 6 months thereafter. Clinical and biochemical data at the time of the initial 24-hour urine collection were considered as baseline. Results The RRF reduction rate was significantly greater in patients with high ferritin (ferritin ≥ 250 ng/mL) compared with those with low ferritin (ferritin < 250 ng/mL; -1.71 ± 1.36 mL/min/yr/1.73 m2 vs. -0.84 ± 1.63 mL/min/yr/1.73 m2, respectively; p = 0.007). Pearson correlation analysis revealed a significant negative correlation between the baseline serum ferritin level and the RRF reduction rate (r = -0.219, p = 0.015). Using multiple linear regression analysis and adjusting for other risk factors, baseline serum ferritin was an independent factor for the RRF reduction rate (β = -0.002, p = 0.002). Conclusions In this study we showed that a higher ferritin level was significantly associated with a more rapid RRF decline in patients undergoing PD.
Platform portable anthropomorphic grasping with the bielefeld 20-DOF shadow and 9-DOF TUM hand

We present a strategy for grasping of real world objects with two anthropomorphic hands, the three-fingered 9- DOF hydraulic TUM and the very dextrous 20-DOF pneumatic Bielefeld Shadow Hand. Our approach to grasping is based on a reach-pre-grasp-grasp scheme loosely motivated by human grasping. We comparatively describe the two robot setups, the control schemes, and the grasp type determination. We show that the grasp strategy can robustly cope with inaccurate control and object variation. We demonstrate that it can be ported among platforms with minor modifications. Grasping success is evaluated by comparative experiments performing a benchmark test on 21 everyday objects.
Sodium 4-phenylbutyrate acts as a chemical chaperone on misfolded myocilin to rescue cells from endoplasmic reticulum stress and apoptosis.

PURPOSE To evaluate the effect of chemical chaperones on the trafficking of secretion-incompetent primary open-angle glaucoma-associated mutant myocilin and the possibility to rescue cells coexpressing mutant and wild-type myocilin from endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress and apoptosis. METHODS CHO-K1, HEK293 and human trabecular meshwork cells were transfected to express wild-type or mutant (C245Y, G364V, P370L, Y437H) myocilin-green fluorescent protein fusion protein and were treated or not with various chemical chaperones (glycerol, dimethylsulfoxide, or sodium 4-phenylbutyrate) for different time periods. The secretion, Triton X-100 solubility, and intracellular distribution of wild-type and mutant myocilin were analyzed by immunoprecipitation, Western blotting, and confocal double immunofluorescence. The effect of sodium 4-phenylbutyrate on ER stress proteins and apoptosis was examined in cells coexpressing mutant and wild-type myocilin. RESULTS Treatment with sodium 4-phenylbutyrate, but not with glycerol or dimethylsulfoxide, reduced the amount of detergent-insoluble myocilin aggregates, diminished myocilin interaction with calreticulin, and restored the secretion of mutant myocilin. Heteromeric complexes formed by mutant and wild-type myocilin induced the ER stress-associated phosphorylated form of ER-localized eukaryotic initiation factor (eIF)-2alpha kinase and the active form of caspase 3, which resulted in an increased rate of apoptosis. Sodium 4-phenylbutyrate treatment of cells coexpressing mutant and wild-type myocilin relieved ER stress and significantly reduced the rate of apoptosis. CONCLUSIONS These findings indicate that sodium 4-phenylbutyrate protects cells from the deleterious effects of ER-retained aggregated mutant myocilin. These data point to the possibility of a chemical chaperone treatment for myocilin-caused primary open-angle glaucoma.