Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
A chatbotok jelensége, taxonómiája, felhasználási területei, erősségei és kihívásai

A chatbotok a 2010-es évek elején jelentek meg tömegesen az üzleti intelligencia specifikus formájaként. A gyakran mesterséges intelligenciával bíró interaktív technológia utat talált az online csevegőprogramok világába, és ma már több csatornán találkozhatnak vele a felhasználók. A chatbotok nem csupán a virtuális asszisztensek részei. De számos szervezet és kormányzat is használja őket weboldalak, applikációk, illetve azonnali üzenetküldő platformok környezetében annak érdekében, hogy termékeiket, ötleteiket, szolgáltatásaikat vagy éppen az általuk fontosnak ítélt témákat promotálják. Tanulmányukban a szerzők vállalkoznak a chatbotok taxonomiájának, a fa struktúrájú és generatív modellek, nyílt és zár rendszerek bemutatására, röviden érintve a mesterséges és érzelmi intelligencia kérdését is. Ugyancsak a tanulmány tárgyát képezi annak prezentálása, hogy a technológia fejlődésével – ami alatt alapvetően a mesterséges intelligencia, a gépi tanulás és a natural language understanding magasabb szintre lépését értik – a chatbotok használata is pontosabb, sőt intuitívabb lesz. Néhány sikeresen alkalmazható terület mellett a szerzők végül a technológia kihívásaira és hátrányaira is felhívják a figyelmet. --- Taxonomy, use cases, strengths and challenges of chatbots Chatbots appeared in critical mass in the beginning of the 2010’s as a specific form of business intelligence. Interactive technology, often combined with artificial intelligence, has since then found a way onto online chat services. Chatbots are now not only part of virtual assistants, but are also used by several organizations on websites, applications, and instant messaging platforms. Their purpose is to promote products, ideas, services and topics considered to be important. In their study, the authors undertake to demonstrate the taxonomy of chatbots, tree structured and generative models, open and closed systems, briefly touching on the issue of artificial and emotional intelligence as well. The study also aims to present how the use of chatbots will be more accurate and even more intuitive with the further development of technology. This technology could be artificial intelligence, machine learning or natural language understanding. In addition to some promising areas of use, the authors also draw attention to the challenges and disadvantages of technology. Keywords: chatbots, artificial intelligence, crowdsourcing, e-government, Turing-test
Dual-Ring Circularly-Polarized Microstrip Patch Array Using Hybrid Feed

We describe the design of a new form of traveling-wave-fed, circularly polarized microstrip patch array at X -band. The antenna employs a dual-ring array structure in which the radiating elements are fed by non-radiating slots with sequential phase excitations to generate circular polarization. The antenna incorporates two novel features: firstly, two concentric ring sub-arrays of linearly polarized elements are used to improve the axial ratio and, secondly, development of a new model for power distribution to ensure that all the elements radiate the same power, thus ensuring pattern symmetry and high-quality circular polarization. The proposed design was validated through practical measurements, which showed a well-matched antenna with good axial ratio and well-defined radiation patterns.
Granulocytic Sarcoma in Breast after Bone Marrow Transplantation

Granulocytic sarcoma is a localized extramedullary solid tumor composed of immature myeloid cell and is usually associated with acute myeloid leukemia or myelodysplastic syndrome. Although it can involve any site, commonly in lymph nodes, skin, bone and soft tissue, the involvement of breast is unusual. Especially, the involvement of the breast as a pattern of relapse after bone marrow transplantation is extremely rare. We have experienced 2 cases of granulocytic sarcoma after bone marrow transplantation. One case was a 39-year-old woman with right breast mass diagnosed with granulocytic sarcoma. She had received an unrelated bone marrow transplantation due to biphenotype acute leukemia 3 years before our presentation. Another case was a 48-year-old woman with acute myeloid leukemia, who was diagnosed with granulocytic sarcoma on both breasts 8 months after allogenic bone marrow transplantation. We also discuss the clinicopathologic features of granulocytic sarcoma in breast after bone marrow transplantation.
Sparse Partitioning: Nonlinear regression with binary or tertiary predictors, with application to association studies

This paper presents Sparse Partitioning, a Bayesian method for identifying predictors that either individually or in combination with others affect a response variable. The method is designed for regression problems involving binary or tertiary predictors and allows the number of predictors to exceed the size of the sample, two properties which make it well suited for association studies. Sparse Partitioning differs from other regression methods by placing no restrictions on how the predictors may influence the response. To compensate for this generality, Sparse Partitioning implements a novel way of exploring the model space. It searches for high posterior probability partitions of the predictor set, where each partition defines groups of predictors that jointly influence the response. The result is a robust method that requires no prior knowledge of the true predictor--response relationship. Testing on simulated data suggests Sparse Partitioning will typically match the performance of an existing method on a data set which obeys the existing method's model assumptions. When these assumptions are violated, Sparse Partitioning will generally offer superior performance.
Application of active appearance model for dual-camera face recognition

Face recognition is a very important topic in the field of pattern recognition. Traditional two-dimensional face recognition technologies using images taken by a single camera are easily influenced by expressions and poses resulting in low recognition accuracy. In this paper, a new three-dimensional face recognition technique is proposed. We apply a dual camera module to extract two images of simulated human eyes. The active appearance model is applied to find facial feature points. The disparity between the images of the left eye and the right eye is calculated and used to reconstruct a 3D face model. Twenty-four geometric features are extracted from the 3D face models and a multi-class support vector machine is then applied to face recognition. The experimental results show that the proposed method can reduce the influence of facial expressions and the risk of photo fraud.
Counter-messages as Prevention or Promotion of Extremism?! The Potential Role of YouTube

In order to serve as an antidote to extremist messages, counter-messages (CM) are placed in the same online environment as extremist content. Often, they are even tagged with similar keywords. Given that automated algorithms may define putative relationships between videos based on mutual topics, CM can appear directly linked to extremist content. This poses severe challenges for prevention programs using CM. This study investigates the extent to which algorithms influence the interrelatedness of counter and extremist messages. By means of two exemplary information network analyses based on YouTube videos of two CM campaigns, we demonstrate that CM are closely-or even directly-connected to extremist content. The results hint at the problematic role of algorithms for prevention campaigns.
A syntax for cubical type theory ( draft )

In this paper we provide a syntax for the cubical set model of type theory [3]. We start by defining a heterogeneous equality as a logical relation in an extended context (section 1.1). This can be seen as a different presentation of parametricity for dependent types [1]. We investigate the higher dimensional structure induced by the logical relation in section 1.2. The relation defined so far is a very weak equality which is not even reflexive, so as a first step, we add reflexivity (section 1.3). This can be seen as a different presentation of the internalisation of parametricity [2]. To add symmetry and transitivity of equality, and in general, to prove the J eliminator, we modify our theory in one more step by adding Kan fillers to the universe (1.4). This makes our construction an internalisation of the presheaf model given by cubical sets (section 2). Finally we prove some metatheoretic properties of the system 3. The parts which are missing:
Exposure to a combination of heat and hyperoxia during cycling at submaximal intensity does not alter thermoregulatory responses

In this study, we tested the hypothesis that breathing hyperoxic air (FinO2 = 0.40) while exercising in a hot environment exerts negative effects on the total tissue level of haemoglobin concentration (tHb); core (Tcore) and skin (Tskin) temperatures; muscle activity; heart rate; blood concentration of lactate; pH; partial pressure of oxygen (PaO2) and carbon dioxide; arterial oxygen saturation (SaO2); and perceptual responses. Ten well-trained male athletes cycled at submaximal intensity at 21°C or 33°C in randomized order: first for 20 min while breathing normal air (FinO2 = 0.21) and then 10 min with FinO2 = 0.40 (HOX). At both temperatures, SaO2 and PaO2, but not tHb, were increased by HOX. Tskin and perception of exertion and thermal discomfort were higher at 33°C than 21°C (p < 0.01), but independent of FinO2. Tcore and muscle activity were the same under all conditions (p > 0.07). Blood lactate and heart rate were higher at 33°C than 21°C. In conclusion, during 30 min of submaximal cycling at 21°C or 33°C, Tcore, Tskin and Tbody, tHb, muscle activity and ratings of perceived exertion and thermal discomfort were the same under normoxic and hyperoxic conditions. Accordingly, breathing hyperoxic air (FinO2 = 0.40) did not affect thermoregulation under these conditions.
Service-Oriented Multimedia Delivery in Pervasive Space

Service composition is an effective approach for large-scale multimedia delivery. One of the challenge issues is how to choose services to build a multimedia delivery path from source to destination based on user's requirements. In previous works, user's requirement is represented as one fixed functional path which is composed of several functional components in a certain order. Actually, there may be several functional paths (deliver different quality level multimedia data, e.g. image pixel, frame rate) that can meet one request. And due to the diversity of devices and connections in pervasive environment, system should choose a suitable media quality delivery path in accordance with context, instead of based on one fix functional path. this paper proposes LDpath which aims at delivering multimedia data to end users with lowest delay. It chooses services to build delivery path hop-by-hop and the generated path matches one of the possible functional paths, which essentially achieves the context aware multimedia delivery. Furthermore, the amount of data transmission deeply affects delay, thus, LDpath considers data volume changing as one of the metrics of service selection. Experimental results show that LDpath is an effective approach for multimedia delivery in pervasive space.
Socio-Technical Support for Knowledge Collaboration in Software Development Tools

Software development is inherently a knowledge-intensive and distributed cognitive activity. From this perspective, one of the major issues in user-centered software development tools is to provide support for knowledge collaboration between the developer and the external knowledge resources, which include both information in repositories and knowledgeable peers. This paper describes two prototype systems CodeBroker and STeP_IN that we are developing. The two systems combine to provide continuous support for the acquisition and application of external knowledge resources, designed to follow a design principle we call layered information-on-demand.
Prognostic Value of Renal Function for Cardiac Events in Patients Without Significant Stenosis on Coronary Computed Tomography Angiography

This study was conducted to determine clinical parameters predicting future major adverse cardiovascular events (MACEs) in patients without significant stenosis on coronary computed tomographic angiography (CCTA). A total of 625 patients with suspected coronary artery disease (CAD) who underwent CCTA that revealed insignificant (< 50%) CAD was reviewed in three cardiac centers. The MACEs including cardiac death, non-fatal myocardial infarction (MI), unstable angina and late (> 90 days after CCTA) revascularization were assessed. During the mean follow-up period of 819 ± 529 days (median 837 days), there were 28 cases of MACEs (4.5%). In multivariable Cox regression analysis, independent predictors for MACEs were male sex (hazard ratio [HR], 2.40; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.01-5.69; P = 0.046) and low estimated creatinine clearance (eCCr) (< 60 mL/min/1.73 m2) (HR, 3.07; 95% CI, 1.22-7.74; P = 0.017). Low eCCr was the only independent predictor for hard events including cardiac death and MI (HR, 17.6, 95% CI, 1.44-215.7; P = 0.025). In conclusion, renal function is an independent predictor for cardiovascular events among patients without significant CAD by CCTA. Careful monitoring and preventive strategy are warranted in patients with impaired renal function even without significant CAD. Graphical Abstract
Long-Term CO 2 Stimulation of Carbon Influx Into Global Terrestrial Ecosystems: Issues and Approaches

Estimating the additional amount of global photo- synthetic carbon influx into terrestrial ecosystems (PG) be- comes possible with a leaf-level factor (Y) developed by Luo & Mooney only when an increase in atmospheric CO2 concen- tration (Ca) is small. Applying the Y factor to study long-term stimulation of PG with a large increase in Ca needs understand- ing of adjustments in leaf properties, canopy structure and ecosystem nitrogen availability, which could, potentially, feedback to photosynthetic carbon influx. Leaf photosynthetic properties vary greatly with elevated CO2 among species. Aggregation over a group of species, however, shows a small change, suggesting that globally averaged changes in leaf properties may be trivial. Canopy adjustment in elevated CO2 is largely unknown whereas indirect measurements suggest faster development of foliar canopy in elevated than ambient CO2. Biogeochemical feedback of nitrogen on global carbon influx is involved with two general issues: CO2 effects on ecosystem nitrogen availability and interactive effects of nitrogen and CO2 on photosynthesis. Although nitrogen itself strongly influences photosynthesis, regulation of CO2 effects on photosynthesis by nitrogen is still inconclusive. Ecosystem nitrogen availability is determined by a balance of several nitrogen fluxes, including plant uptake, mineralization, deposition, fixation, denitrification, volatilization and leaching. Elevated CO2 stimulates more plant biomass growth, demand- ing more nitrogen uptake. Mineralization increased in two studies, decreased in one and was unchanged in one. CO2 stimulation of nitrogen fixation increases nitrogen availability in ecosystems, potentially to match increased photosynthetic potential in the long term. Effects of volatilization, deni- trification and leaching are yet to be assessed. Overall, intact ecosystem studies of canopy structure and nitrogen dynamics in elevated CO2 are particularly needed for our quantifying long-term stimulation of global photosynthetic carbon influx.
Periodic asynchronous event-triggered control

Asynchronous event-triggered control (AETC) is a control strategy proposed for wireless networked implementations whose sensor nodes have limited energy supplies. Local thresholds allow the sensors to sample and to transmit local measurements independently of each other. AETC uses only one bit for each measurement transmission while still guarantees stability and predesigned performance of the closed-loop. In this paper, we extend the previous work on AETC, and study the stability and ℒ2-performance of periodic asynchronous event-triggered control (PAETC) for implementations with disturbances. In PAETC, the local event-triggered conditions are verified periodically at every sampling time. A dynamic controller is introduced to the PAETC framework, and the decision to transmit the controller outputs is also included in the asynchronous event-triggered mechanism to save network bandwidth. The developed theory is illustrated in a numerical example.
Advanced memory data structures for scalable event trace analysis

This dissertation presents a novel approach for the analysis of event traces from parallel program runs. Event tracing is an established method for the analysis and optimization of performance and scalability of parallel and High Performance Computing (HPC) applications. The Complete Call Graph (CCG) data structure is introduced as an alternative in-memory representation for huge event traces. It exploits frequently found redundancies and provides customized data reduction in a combination of lossless and lossy compression. It achieves data compression by factors of ten to factors of hundred and requires no explicit decompression during the analysis. Furthermore, adapted evaluation procedures allow to reduce the computational effort in the same order of magnitude as the data compression. The thesis includes a comprehensive discussion of the state-of-the-art of event tracing and related work, a detailed presentation of the design of the CCG data structure, an elaborate description of the algorithms for construction, compression, and analysis of CCGs, and an extensive experimental validation of all components.
Time course of action of two inhaled corticosteroids, fluticasone propionate and budesonide

Background: It is important to be able to compare the efficacy and systemic effects of inhaled corticosteroids but their slow onset of action makes it difficult to measure the maximum response to a given dose. Submaximal responses could be compared if the time course of action of the inhaled corticosteroids being compared was similar. We have compared the time course of action of fluticasone and budesonide, measuring response as change in the provocative dose of adenosine monophosphate causing a 20% fall in forced expiratory volume in 1 second (PD20AMP). Methods: Eighteen subjects with mild asthma, aged 18–65, took part in a three way randomised crossover study. Subjects took fluticasone (1500 μg/day), budesonide (1600 μg/day), and placebo each for 4 weeks with a washout period of at least 2 weeks between treatments; PD20AMP and forced expiratory volume in 1 second (FEV1) were measured during and after treatment. The time taken to achieve 50% of the maximum response (T50%) was compared as a measure of onset of action. Results: There was a progressive increase in PD20AMP during the 4 weeks of treatment with both fluticasone and budesonide but not placebo; the increase after 1 and 4 weeks was 2.28 and 4.50 doubling doses (DD) for fluticasone and 2.49 and 3.65 DD for budesonide. T50% was 9.3 days for fluticasone and 7.5 days for budesonide with a median difference between fluticasone and budesonide of 0.1 days (95% CI −1.4 to 2.65). There was a wide range of response to both inhaled corticosteroids but good correlation between the response to fluticasone and budesonide within subjects. FEV1 and morning peak expiratory flow rate (PEFR) increased during the first week of both active treatments and were stable thereafter. There was a small progressive improvement in nocturnal symptoms with both active treatments. Conclusion: PD20AMP was a more sensitive marker of response to inhaled corticosteroid therapy than FEV1 and PEFR. The time course of action of fluticasone and budesonide on PD20AMP is similar, suggesting that comparative studies of their efficacy using 1 or 2 week treatment periods are valid. When a new inhaled corticosteroid becomes available, a pilot study comparing its time course of action with that of an established corticosteroid should allow comparative studies to be performed more efficiently.
Levels of Muscle Activation in Strength and Conditioning Exercises and Dynamometer Hiking in Junior Sailors

Abstract Burnett, AF, Wee, WK, Xie, W, Oh, PW, Lim, J, and Tan, WWK. Levels of muscle activation in strength and conditioning exercises and dynamometer hiking in junior sailors. J Strength Cond Res 26(4): 1066–1075, 2012—Although strength and conditioning exercises have been prescribed to enhance performance and prevent injury in sailors, little is known about these exercises in comparison to the demands placed on the sailor's musculature while hiking maximally. Because of the difficulty in collecting hiking-related data on water, a 3-minute maximal hiking test (HM180) has been previously developed for use in the laboratory setting. There were 2 aims of this study. The first aim was to determine whether discriminative validity could be shown for the HM180 test in a group of junior sailors of differing ability level and gender. The second aim was to determine whether differences in muscle activation existed between selected strength and conditioning exercises and the HM180 test. Twenty-nine adolescent boy and girl sailors aged between 14 and 16 years from the Singaporean National Byte Class training squad (n = 12) and the Singapore High Participation Group (n = 17) were recruited for this study. The average levels of normalized muscle activation in selected lower limb and trunk muscles in 4 selected strength and conditioning exercises (leg extension, back squat, and back extension exercises, a 30-second hiking hold) and a maximal 3-minute hiking test (the HM180 test) were quantified. Discriminative validity of the HM180 test was shown, and it was confirmed that the strength and conditioning exercises provide an overload stimulus for the HM180 test. Further, similar levels of muscle activation were found for the vastus lateralis in the leg extension and back squat exercises, and the superficial lumbar multifidus in the back extension and back squat exercises. This study has the potential to inform the design of strength and conditioning programs for junior sailors.
Multi-facility location model with timeliness constrains of logistics distribution centers

This paper is aimed to solve the multi-facility location problems of distribution centers by multi-objective decision method. After analyzing the requirements and characteristics of distribution time, it put forward a multi-facility location model in which the distribution cost was taken as decision objective and the distribution time was changed to a group of constrains. It designed a bi-step heuristics to solve the model based on conventional iterative algorithms of center-of-gravity approach and MATLAB optimization function. The study indicates that it generally only increases limited costs when the distribution time is considered in solving the location problems, and the bi-step heuristics is effective to deal with the multi-facility location problems with timeliness constrains.