Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
A Complete Map of Fine‐Scale Slip Rate Distribution and Earthquake Potential Along the Haiyuan Fault System

We use Sentinel‐1 Interferometric Synthetic Aperture Radar observations to derive the first complete map of slip‐rate distribution at km‐scale along the 1,000‐km‐long Haiyuan fault system, and further to analyze its earthquake potential. Rate distribution reveals four highly locked asperities (slip rate <1 mm/yr) and three creeping regions (slip rate ranges from 2 to 5 mm/yr) at depths of 0–20 km. Based on the rate distribution, we estimate seismic moment accumulation rate, and by combining historical earthquake records, we calculate the moment deficits on each fault segment. Results show that many fault segments have accumulated a seismic moment that equates to an Mw > 7.0 earthquake. The westernmost fault segment has been rarely mentioned in previous studies, but our calculations show evidently that it is capable of producing Mw > 7.0 earthquakes given the high seismic moment accumulation rate and a lack of small‐to‐moderate earthquakes.
A subgrid model for equilibrium chemistry in turbulent flows

A method is presented whereby the fast chemistry reaction, Fuel+(r)Oxidizer →(1+r) Product, may be modeled in the context of a large eddy simulation (LES). The model is based on a presumed form for the subgrid‐scale probability density function (PDF) of a conserved scalar. The nature of the subgrid‐scale statistics is discussed and it is shown that a beta function representation of the subgrid‐scale PDF is appropriate. Data from both laboratory experiments and direct numerical simulations (DNS) are used to show that the predictions of the model are very accurate, given the exact values for the filtered scalar and its variance. A possible model for this variance is presented based on scale similarity.
Determination of an unknown parameter in a semi-linear parabolicequation

Some finite difference approximations are developed for an inverse problem of determining an unknown parameter p(t) which is a coefficient of the solution u in a semi-linear parabolic partial differential equation subject to a boundary integral overspecification. The accuracy and efficiency of the procedures are discussed. Some computational results using the newly proposed numerical techniques are presented. CPU times needed for this problem are reported.
Repurposing of Commercially Existing Molecular Target Therapies to Boost the Clinical Efficacy of Immune Checkpoint Blockade

Simple Summary Epithelial cancers, such as lung, breast, and colon cancers, have high mortality rates because of their ability to spread across multiple organs in the body. Besides the standard of care which includes chemotherapy and radiotherapy, approaches directed to use patient’s own immune responses against the disease called immunotherapies have emerged as a powerful treatment option. In the past 10 years, immune checkpoint blockade, a form of immunotherapy which either stimulates or removes the breaks of the immune response against cancer, is having the largest impact in the clinic. However epithelial cancers are commonly either naturally resistant or develop resistance to these types of treatments. Hence, there is an urgent need to boost the effectiveness of immune checkpoint blockers. Small molecule inhibitors are chemical molecules which are specifically designed to target important cancer proteins and unlike chemotherapy, typically have manageable toxicity. These inhibitors have shown good efficacy in reducing tumour growth but more recently, they have been shown to enhance the performance of immune cells in eliminating cancers. In this review, we have focused on tactical usage of small molecule inhibitors to boost the efficacy of immune checkpoint blockers. We believe our review will pave the way for novel research combining the two therapeutic modalities. Abstract Immune checkpoint blockade (ICB) is now standard of care for several metastatic epithelial cancers and prolongs life expectancy for a significant fraction of patients. A hostile tumor microenvironment (TME) induced by intrinsic oncogenic signaling induces an immunosuppressive niche that protects the tumor cells, limiting the durability and efficacy of ICB therapies. Addition of receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitors (RTKi) as potential modulators of an unfavorable local immune environment has resulted in moderate life expectancy improvement. Though the combination strategy of ICB and RTKi has shown significantly better results compared to individual treatment, the benefits and adverse events are additive whereas synergy of benefit would be preferable. There is therefore a need to investigate the potential of inhibitors other than RTKs to reduce malignant cell survival while enhancing anti-tumor immunity. In the last five years, preclinical studies have focused on using small molecule inhibitors targeting cell cycle and DNA damage regulators such as CDK4/6, CHK1 and poly ADP ribosyl polymerase (PARP) to selectively kill tumor cells and enhance cytotoxic immune responses. This review provides a comprehensive overview of the available drugs that attenuate immunosuppression and overcome hostile TME that could be used to boost FDA-approved ICB efficacy in the near future.
An intersectional approach to evaluating the effectiveness of women’s sexualized body-positive imagery on Instagram

Our work adopted an intersectional approach to investigate how women’s racial identity may influence how they evaluate and are impacted by body-positive imagery of women on social media. In a 2 × 2 × 2 experiment ( N = 975), we examined how source race (Black vs White) and sexualization (non-sexualized vs sexualized) in body-positive images affect Black and White viewers’ impressions of self-interest, moral appropriateness, and body positivity. Results indicated that viewers generally responded more favorably to non-sexualized (vs sexualized) images: Participants reported less self-interested motivations for sharing, found the images more morally appropriate, and believed they were more effective representations of body positivity. Results also revealed that Black (vs White) viewers tended to express more appreciation for body-positive imagery, regardless of source race or sexualization. Findings not only advance our theoretical understanding of sexual objectification with more diverse depictions and broader sampling, but also provide practical suggestions for advocates of the body-positive movement.
Recycled Aggregates from Ceramic and Concrete in Mortar Mixes: A Study of Their Mechanical Properties

In recent decades, large amounts of construction and demolition waste (CDW) have been generated and accumulated throughout Europe, which is a challenge to manage and control nowadays. This work shows the results of a study carried out with samples of ceramic recycled aggregates (CRAs) and recycled concrete aggregates (RCAs) mixed with cement (C) in mortars. The main objective of this research is to demonstrate how, by adding CRAs and RCAs to a mixture of cement and natural aggregate (NA), it is possible to develop a high-strength mortar and achieve the best mixing ratio. To achieve these objectives, the characterization of the samples was initially carried out such as XRF, XRD and SEM. Next, tests were carried out on the products obtained, such as the consistency of the fresh mortar and the density of the specimens. Finally, a study of mechanical compressive strength was performed at 7, 28 and 200 days. The results show that although both CRAs and RCAs negatively affect the curing process of the specimens, it is possible to develop mortars with compressive strengths greater than 20 MPa. An obvious increase in mechanical compressive strengths was seen between 7 and 200 days of analysis. The results achieved in this research could be an important guide for the management of CDWs by local industries, thus favouring the development of the circular economy.
The Bacterial Compositions of Nasal Septal Abscess in Patients with or without Diabetes

The nasal septal abscess (NSA) is a rare but potentially fatal disease causing intracranial infection. Treatments for NSA include antibiotics, surgical incision and drainage. Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a risk factor for NSA. Therefore, we assessed the pathogenic bacterial composition of NSA in diabetic patients. We analyzed the Chang Gung Memorial Hospital database to collect 79 NSA patients who received surgical incisions and drainage from 2004 to 2015. We divided them into DM and non-DM groups for analysis. We integrated the bacteria cultured from each patient, listed the top three with the highest frequency and divided the bacterial species into facultative anaerobes or aerobes and anaerobes. The microbiological cultures revealed mono-microbial infection in most of the cases. The top three facultative anaerobes or aerobes with the highest frequency of NSA-DM were Klebsiella pneumoniae (37.5%), methicillin-sensitive Staphylococcus aureus (MSSA; 25%) and methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA; 12.5%). The top three for NSA-non-DMs were MSSA (24%), MRSA (20%) and Pseudomonas aeruginosa (16%). The top three anaerobes causing NSA were Prevotella intermedia (25%), Peptostreptococcus species (12.5%) and Propionibacterium acnes (12.5%) in DM patients. The top three in non-DM patients were P. intermedia (25%), P. acnes (16.7%) and Fusobacterium nucleatum (12.5%). When treating NSA in diabetic patients, clinicians should choose empirical antibiotics for K. pneumoniae and P. intermedia, and when treating patients with NSA-non-DM, MSSA and P. intermedia should be considered first.
Work-Life Flexibility Policies From a Boundary Control and Implementation Perspective: A Review and Research Framework

Although management research on work-life flexibility policies has occurred for over 40 years, it is underdeveloped with inconsistent results. We argue that this is due to theorizing that—but not measuring whether—policy use increases boundary control; a fragmented literature examining a range of policies (either individually or bundled) without comprehensive integration; and an under-examination of policy implementation effectiveness. Drawing on boundary theory, we inductively review 338 studies to organize the work–life flexibility policy literature around a boundary control and implementation framework. Our framework derives a taxonomy of types of boundary control, identifies implementation stages, considers the importance of policy bundling, and incorporates multi-level (individual, group, organizational, societal) and multi-domain (family, work) dynamics. Our review shows that the current literature often assesses the availability of single policies and individual outcomes; but under-assesses boundary control, extent of use, bundling, implementation, and multi-level outcomes. Our results provide a springboard for future research and practice by offering new insights for understanding work–life flexibility policies, encouraging scholars to: (1) recognize the crucial role of different types of employee boundary control (spatial, size, temporal, permeability, continuity) as an inherent element of policy experiences that must be measured rather than merely assumed; (2) examine how work–life flexibility policy implementation involves four implementation stages—availability, access experiences (including enablers and barriers), use, and outcomes—with multiple stakeholders (e.g., individual employees, supervisors, coworkers, family) and contextual factors (i.e., societal forces); and (3) innovate ways to examine emergent policy issues such as equality, home implementation, and hybrid forms.
A nondeterministic parallel algorithm for general unsymmetric sparse lu factorization

A parallel algorithm for the direct LU factorization of general unsymmetric sparse matrices is presented. The algorithm D2 is based on a new nondeterministic parallel pivot search that finds a compatible pivot set${\bf S}$ of size m, followed by a parallel rank-m update. These two steps alternate until switching to dense matrix code or until the matrix is factored. The algorithm is based on a shared-memory multiple-instruction-multiple-data (MIMD) model and takes advantage of both concurrency and (gather-scatter) vectorization. The detection of parallelism due to sparsity is based on Markowitz’s strategy, an unsymmetric ordering method. As a result, D2 finds more potential parallelism for matrices with highly asymmetric nonzero patterns than algorithms that construct an elimination tree using a symmetric ordering method (minimum degree or nested dissection, for example) applied to the symmetric pattern of ${\bf A} + {\bf A}^{\bf T} $ or ${\bf A}^{\bf T} {\bf A}$. The pivot search exploits more parallelism.
An Approach to The Classification of Ancient Glassware Based on K-Means Clustering Models

The study of ancient glassware can be very helpful by building a sound research model. In this paper, we first counted the data onto different glass categories for their chemical composition and quantified the patterns using the composition variability. Then, seven factor sets were selected based on data saturation and a K-Means clustering model were built to complete the classification of their sub-classifications. Finally, a test of the rationality and sensitivity of the model was completed by feeding the clustering model with noise-added glass component data.
A Comparison of Different Methods of Sire Evaluation for Production and Reproduction Traits of Murrah Graded Buffaloes

First lactation monthly test day records of 2329 buffaloes sired by 79 sires distributed in 47 villages under field progeny testing programme in Anand milk shed were used to evaluate sires for age at first calving (AFC), first lactation predicted milk yield (FLY305) and milk fat percent (fat%) traits. The objective of the study was to estimate the sire breeding value and to compare various methods of sire evaluation viz. Simple daughters average, Contemporary comparison, Least squares, Best linear unbiased prediction and Average information restricted maximum likelihood in terms of accuracy and efficiency. Heritability estimates by LS-ANOVA method were 0.252 ± 0.044, 0.065 ± 0.032and 0.073 ± 0.035, respectively for AFC, FMY305 and Fat%. The genetic correlation of AFC with FLY305 and Fat% were -0.782 ± 0.192 and -0.451, respectively while the same between FLY305 and fat percent was 1.044 ± 0.39. The phenotypic correlations of FLY305 with Fat % and AFC were -0.042 and 0.109, respectively while same between Fat % and AFC was -0.099. For AFC, the AIREML had the lowest error variance than LS and BLUP, thus was the most efficient method. For FMY305 and Fat%, the BLUP was found to have lowest error variance and therefore, was the most efficient method. The relative accuracies in terms of rank correlations of D, CC, LS and BLUP methods with most efficient AIREML method were 0.35, 0.90, 0.37 and 0.97, respectively for AFC. These estimates of rank correlation were highly significant (P < 0.01). For FLY305, the value of rank correlations of D, CC, LS and AIREML with most efficient BLUP method were 0.71, 0.71, 0.72 and 0.98, respectively. These estimates of rank correlation were highly significant (P < 0.01). The value of rank correlations of D, CC, LS and AIREML with most efficient BLUP method were 0.89, 0.89, 0.95 and 0.99, respectively and these estimates of rank correlation were highly significant (P < 0.01).
The nature of triad interactions in homogeneous turbulence

Nonlinear interactions in homogeneous turbulence are investigated using a decomposition of the velocity field in terms of helical modes. There are two helical modes per wave vector and thus eight fundamental triad interactions. These eight elementary interactions fit in only two classes, ‘‘R’’ (for ‘‘reverse’’) and ‘‘F’’ (for ‘‘forward’’), depending on whether the small‐scale helical modes have helicities of the same or of the opposite sign. In a single‐triad interaction, the large scale is unstable when the small‐scale helical modes have helicities of opposite signs (class ‘‘F’’), and the medium scale is unstable otherwise (class ‘‘R’’). It is proposed that, on average, the triple correlations in a turbulent flow correspond to these unstable states. In the limit of nonlocal triads, where one leg is much smaller than the other two, the triadic interscale energy transfer is largest for interactions of class ‘‘R. ’’ In that case, most of the energy flows locally in wave number, from the medium scale to the s.
Inter‐Model Differences in Future Summer Onset Over the Northern High Latitudes

Climate models consistently project a significant advance of summer onset over the Northern high latitude lands in the late 21st century. However, large inter‐model differences exist, in particular, over Northwest Russia, Bering Sea region and Northeastern Canada. This study quantifies the influences of background global warming rate and regional snow‐albedo feedback on the inter‐model spreads in summer onset projections. Linear regression analysis reveals that models' transient climate response (TCR) values explain around 39%–50% of regional inter‐model variances, indicating the dominant contribution of models' global warming rate. When removing TCR influences, the summer onset and snow cover exhibit significant inter‐model correlations over Bering Sea region and Northeastern Canada, explaining 25%–30% of the inter‐model variances. These results suggest that global climate sensitivity as well as regional snow‐albedo feedback need to be considered for reliable projection of future summer season timing at regional scales.
Strain-modulated spin Hall magnetoresistance in YIG/Pt heterojunctions

This paper reports that the substrate-induced strain effect can be utilized to control spin Hall magnetoresistance (SMR) of YIG/Pt heterojunctions. The YIG films with in-plane compressive strain and tensile strain are respectively prepared on GGG and GSGG substrates by pulsed-laser deposition. The ratio of SMR of YIG/Pt heterojunctions with YIG under the in-plane tensile strain state is 1.6 time larger than that of YIG with the out-of-plane compressive strain state. The spin mixing conductance of YIG/Pt interface increases with the substrate-induced in-plane tensile strain on YIG. The increase of roughness and the reduction of ratio of Fe3+/Fe2+ for YIG surface is responsible for this modulation. This finding provides an interesting prospect for control of SMR by substrate-induced strain effect.
SMARTS and SMARTER: Improved Simple Methods for Multiattribute Utility Measurement

Abstract This paper presents two approximate methods for multiattribute utility measurement, SMARTS and SMARTER, each based on an elicitation procedure for weights. Both correct an error in SMART, originally proposed by Edwards in 1977, and in addition SMARTER is simpler to use. SMARTS uses linear approximations to single-dimension utility functions, an additive aggregation model, and swing weights. The paper proposes tests for the usability of these approximations. SMARTER, based on a formally justifiable weighting procedure developed by Barron and Barrett, uses the same procedures as SMARTS except that it omits the second of two elicitation steps in swing weights, substituting calculations based on ranks. It can be shown to perform about 98% as well as SMARTS does, without requiring any difficult judgments from elicitees.
Hurricane intensity in the Ooyama (1969) paradigm

This note derives an analytical approximation for steady‐state hurricane intensity in the three‐layer model of Ooyama (1969). As in the more realistic but involved theory of Emanuel (1986), the square of the maximum wind speed is roughly proportional to the ratio of entropy to momentum exchange coefficients, times a measure of the ambient thermal disequilibrium between the sea surface and the upper troposphere. The analytical approximation compares favourably to a set of three‐layer numerical simulations that covers a broad range of parameter space. Limitations of the analysis are briefly addressed, and a supergradient wind correction is estimated. Copyright © 2010 Royal Meteorological Society
Understanding Security Risks of Ad-based URL Shortening Services Caused by Users' Behaviors

: URL shortening services enable us to shorten or simplify URLs. Ad-based URL shortening services display advertisements to users who access short URLs and reward short URL creators. However, ad-based URL shortening services have speciﬁc security risks that URL shortening services without ads do not, such as displaying malicious advertisements to users. In this study, we reveal previously unknown security risks of these services caused by users’ behaviors. We conducted a comprehensive measurement of ad-based URL shortening services. First, we accessed short URLs of these services, clicked buttons on the web pages, and reached the ﬁnal destinations of the short URLs. Then, we reveal the security risks posed to users by monitoring and analyzing tra ﬃ c logs when such short URLs are accessed. We found that all services generated an average of 86.5 web requests to malicious domain names per short URL. We then showed the security risk of unintentionally communicating malicious domain names even when users click only on buttons that correctly move users to their desired destinations. Finally, we discuss countermeasures to mitigate these risks from the perspective of each stakeholder in ad-based URL shortening services.
Measurement of the deformation of an extremely flexible rotor blade using digital image correlation

This paper describes the measurement of the deformation of an extremely flexible rotor blade in hover using a novel application of three-dimensional digital image correlation (3D DIC). In this optical method, images of the rotor blade painted with a high-contrast, random speckle pattern are captured using two digital cameras and a strobe light. Photogrammetry is used to calculate a whole-field, three-dimensional map of the rotor blade. Cross-correlation between images captured under two load conditions is used to calculate deformation. The technique was first validated in the rotating frame by correlating DIC measurements on a stiff rotor blade of known geometry with measurements made by two other laser sensors. The technique was then used to measure the deformation of extremely flexible blades on a 46 cm diameter rotor, rotating at 1200 RPM. The blades of this rotor are so flexible that they can be rolled up into a compact volume. The spanwise variation of extension, lead-lag and flap bending, as well as pitch angle, were extracted from DIC measurements. The technique yielded surface heights with a spatial resolution of 0.15 mm and three-dimensional deformation vectors with a spatial resolution of 2.37 mm (1.04% of the rotor radius), at a calculated accuracy of 15 μm. Tip displacement of up to 7.59 mm (3.3% of the rotor radius) and a tip twist of up to 10.8° were measured. Based on DIC measurements, it is concluded that an accurate aeroelastic model of the rotor blade must include flap and lead-lag bending as well as twist degrees of freedom. In addition, the elastic twist must be considered of the same order of magnitude as the blade root pitch. Finally, the scalability of this technique to the measurement of full-scale rotor blade deformation is discussed.