Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Detection of Self Incompatibility Genotypes in Prunus africana: Characterization, Evolution and Spatial Analysis

In flowering plants, self-incompatibility is an effective genetic mechanism that prevents self-fertilization. Most Prunus tree species exhibit a homomorphic gametophytic self-incompatibility (GSI) system, in which the pollen phenotype is encoded by its own haploid genome. To date, no identification of S-alleles had been done in Prunus africana, the only member of the genus in Africa. To identify S-RNase alleles and hence determine S-genotypes in African cherry (Prunus africana) from Mabira Forest Reserve, Uganda, primers flanking the first and second intron were designed and these amplified two bands in most individuals. PCR bands on agarose indicated 26 and 8 different S-alleles for second and first intron respectively. Partial or full sequences were obtained for all these fragments. Comparison with published S-RNase data indicated that the amplified products were S-RNase alleles with very high interspecies homology despite the high intraspecific variation. Against expectations for a locus under balancing selection, frequency and spatial distribution of the alleles in a study plot was not random. Implications of the results to breeding efforts in the species are discussed, and mating experiments are strongly suggested to finally prove the functionality of SI in P. africana.
Improved Encoding of Wavelet Coefficients Extracted From Multispectral and Hyperspectral Image Data

An effective and lossy compression technique for multispectral and hyperspectral image data minimizes both the spatial and spectral correlations while preserving the spectral characteristics of the data. In this paper, we use two-dimensional wavelet transform and propose an encoding technique for wavelet coefficients. We use KroneckerProduct Gain-Shape Vector Quantization coupled with the generalized BFOS for obtaining an optimal bit-rate. Results are presented for multispectral and hyperspectral data taken from different sensors in different bands. It is shown that for a given bit-rate, the image quality is superior than other techniques designed for such image data.
Natural language processing with dynamic classification improves P300 speller accuracy and bit rate

The P300 speller is an example of a brain–computer interface that can restore functionality to victims of neuromuscular disorders. Although the most common application of this system has been communicating language, the properties and constraints of the linguistic domain have not to date been exploited when decoding brain signals that pertain to language. We hypothesized that combining the standard stepwise linear discriminant analysis with a Naive Bayes classifier and a trigram language model would increase the speed and accuracy of typing with the P300 speller. With integration of natural language processing, we observed significant improvements in accuracy and 40–60% increases in bit rate for all six subjects in a pilot study. This study suggests that integrating information about the linguistic domain can significantly improve signal classification.
ROBUST VIDEO TRANSMISSION OVER A LOSSY NETWORK USING A DISTRIBUTED SOURCE CODED AUXILIARY CHANNEL

The present invention is directed to an improved process for splitting the N-acyl group in 7-position from cephalosporin type compounds. It is characterized by formation of the N7-imide halide, conversion of the latter into the iminoether and splitting of the C=N double bond of the latter.
Attack to an image encryption algorithm based on improved chaotic cat maps

A security of an image encryption scheme based on improved chaotic cat maps was analyzed. In these analyses, it has revealed some rules of key information leaking in certain instances, and has pointed out that the algorithm is insensitive to both the control parameters and the changes of plaintext. In the condition of known-image attack, an equivalent key-solved algorithm about once iteration and more iteration are proposed respectively. Simulation experiments show that the equivalent decryption image can be obtained by using the above key-solved algorithms, and therefore the original algorithm is insecure in the known image attack.
Chapter 3: Analyzing Bilateral Trade Using the Gravity Equation

A. Overview and learning objectives 103 B. Analytical tools 103 1. The gravity equation: theoretical equation 103 2. Estimation methods 105 3. Advanced gravity modelling issues 112 4. Data sources 119 C. Applications 120 1. Building a database and estimating a gravity model 120 2. Measuring the effect of NTBs 127 D. Exercises 131 1. Estimating the impact of a regional trade agreement 131 2. Calculating tariff equivalent 132 Endnotes 133 References 135
PIN Signature Verification Using Wavelet Transform

The personal identification number signature (PIN signature) is a method of remembering and typing the PIN using the de facto standard numeric keypad format. The PIN signature affords a second level security in that it enhances the PIN with additional information on the user, i.e. the profile of its input. The PIN signature reference profile can be viewed as a signal vector and can thus be enhanced and verified as to its physiological characteristics using wavelet transform. The result of this analysis is presented.
A New Mouse Model of Mild Ornithine Transcarbamylase Deficiency (spf-j) Displays Cerebral Amino Acid Perturbations at Baseline and upon Systemic Immune Activation

Ornithine transcarbamylase deficiency (OTCD, OMIM# 311250) is an inherited X-linked urea cycle disorder that is characterized by hyperammonemia and orotic aciduria. In this report, we describe a new animal model of OTCD caused by a spontaneous mutation in the mouse Otc gene (c.240T>A, p.K80N). This transversion in exon 3 of ornithine transcarbamylase leads to normal levels of mRNA with low levels of mature protein and is homologous to a mutation that has also been described in a single patient affected with late-onset OTCD. With higher residual enzyme activity, spf-J were found to have normal plasma ammonia and orotate. Baseline plasma amino acid profiles were consistent with mild OTCD: elevated glutamine, and lower citrulline and arginine. In contrast to WT, spf-J displayed baseline elevations in cerebral amino acids with depletion following immune challenge with polyinosinic:polycytidylic acid. Our results indicate that the mild spf-J mutation constitutes a new mouse model that is suitable for mechanistic studies of mild OTCD and the exploration of cerebral pathophysiology during acute decompensation that characterizes proximal urea cycle dysfunction in humans.
Exploring the genetic basis of chronic periodontitis: a genome-wide association study

Chronic periodontitis (CP) is a common oral disease that confers substantial systemic inflammatory and microbial burden and is a major cause of tooth loss. Here, we present the results of a genome-wide association study of CP that was carried out in a cohort of 4504 European Americans (EA) participating in the Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities (ARIC) Study (mean age—62 years, moderate CP—43% and severe CP—17%). We detected no genome-wide significant association signals for CP; however, we found suggestive evidence of association (P < 5 × 10−6) for six loci, including NIN, NPY, WNT5A for severe CP and NCR2, EMR1, 10p15 for moderate CP. Three of these loci had concordant effect size and direction in an independent sample of 656 adult EA participants of the Health, Aging, and Body Composition (Health ABC) Study. Meta-analysis pooled estimates were severe CP (n = 958 versus health: n = 1909)—NPY, rs2521634 [G]: odds ratio [OR = 1.49 (95% confidence interval (CI = 1.28–1.73, P = 3.5 × 10−7))]; moderate CP (n = 2293)—NCR2, rs7762544 [G]: OR = 1.40 (95% CI = 1.24–1.59, P = 7.5 × 10−8), EMR1, rs3826782 [A]: OR = 2.01 (95% CI = 1.52–2.65, P = 8.2 × 10−7). Canonical pathway analysis indicated significant enrichment of nervous system signaling, cellular immune response and cytokine signaling pathways. A significant interaction of NUAK1 (rs11112872, interaction P = 2.9 × 10−9) with smoking in ARIC was not replicated in Health ABC, although estimates of heritable variance in severe CP explained by all single nucleotide polymorphisms increased from 18 to 52% with the inclusion of a genome-wide interaction term with smoking. These genome-wide association results provide information on multiple candidate regions and pathways for interrogation in future genetic studies of CP.
Avoiding the crowds: understanding Tube station congestion patterns from trip data

For people travelling using public transport, overcrowding is one of the major causes of discomfort. However, most Advanced Traveller Information Systems (ATIS) do not take crowdedness into account, suggesting routes either based on number of interchanges or overall travel time, regardless of how comfortable (in terms of crowdedness) the trip might be. Identifying times when public transport is overcrowded could help travellers change their travel patterns, by either travelling slightly earlier or later, or by travelling from/to a different but geographically close station. In this paper, we illustrate how historical automated fare collection systems data can be mined in order to reveal station crowding patterns. In particular, we study one such dataset of travel history on the London underground (known colloquially as the "Tube"). Our spatio-temporal analysis demonstrates that crowdedness is a highly regular phenomenon during the working week, with large spikes occurring in short time intervals. We then illustrate how crowding levels can be accurately predicted, even with simple techniques based on historic averages. These results demonstrate that information regarding crowding levels can be incorporated within ATIS, so as to provide travellers with more personalised travel plans.
Evolutionary Theories of Aging and Longevity

The purpose of this article is to provide students and researchers entering the field of aging studies with an introduction to the evolutionary theories of aging, as well as to orient them in the abundant modern scientific literature on evolutionary gerontology. The following three major evolutionary theories of aging are discussed: 1) the theory of programmed death suggested by August Weismann, 2) the mutation accumulation theory of aging suggested by Peter Medawar, and 3) the antagonistic pleiotropy theory of aging suggested by George Williams. We also discuss a special case of the antagonistic pleiotropy theory, the disposable soma theory developed by Tom Kirkwood and Robin Holliday. The theories are compared with each other as well as with recent experimental findings. At present the most viable evolutionary theories are the mutation accumulation theory and the antagonistic pleiotropy theory; these theories are not mutually exclusive, and they both may become a part of a future unifying theory of aging. Evolutionary theories of aging are useful because they open new oppor-tunities for further research by suggesting testable predictions, but they have also been harmful in the past when they were used to impose limitations on aging studies. At this time, the evolutionary theories of aging are not ultimate completed theories, but rather a set of ideas that themselves require further elaboration and validation. This theoretical review article is written for a wide readership.
Comparison of Border Descriptors and Pattern Recognition Techniques Applied to Detection and Diagnose of Faults on Sucker-Rod Pumping System

Due to high competition and the need to meet deadlines, modern industries with focus on market demand high availability and reliability of their equipment. With this view, in the last years the maintenance activity has undergone several changes which have led to an evolution in the standpoint of organization and planning of its execution. According to Kardec & Nascif (1998), the direct causes for this development are:
Discovering underpasses from walking trajectories

With widely applying of the GPS-enabled electronic devices, people can obtain customized services from LBS providers. Meanwhile, their trajectory data is also gathered from day to day. Mining trajectory data to find some interesting knowledge becomes hot in recent years. In this paper, we study how to discover the underpasses in a city by analyzing the walking trajectory database. As the trajectory through the underpass is quite different from that on the ground, we devise a novel solution to deal with this issue. To the best of our knowledge, our work is the first piece of work in this topic. Experiments upon real-life data sets illustrate the effectiveness and efficiency of the proposed method.
Accounting Functions Agenda For 21. Century

21. Century presents a new agenda to accounting function parallel to profound changes in the objectives and responsibilities of businesses. This paper aims at starting a discussion on how the developing “stake holder responsibility”, “corporate governance”, “corporate social responsibility”, “socially responsible investing”, “sustainability”, “triple bottom line” concepts will influence the accounting function of the companies.
Spectrum Sensing using USRP SDRs and Convolutional Neural Networks

Current allocation of the spectral bands to only licensed users leads to inefficiencies in spectrum utilization. Designing realistic cognitive radios that are capable of sensing spectrum holes is the key to solve this problem and to increase the capacity of next-generation wireless networks. In this paper, we propose convolutional neural networks for predicting the spectrum holes from a data set obtained via USRP software-defined radios [1]. Preliminary results show performance improvements over the previously proposed methods.
On Generalized Regular Closed Sets

The aim of this paper is to introduce the concept of generalized regular closed sets and study some of its properties . The corresponding topological space formed by the family of these sets is also studied. It may be noted that regular closed set doesn’t forms even a supra topological space. Various researchers had studied the concept of generalized closed sets and regular generalized closed sets earlier. The generalized closed set is properly placed between the generalized regular closed sets and regular generalized closed set. The connection of the topological space formed by the newly defined sets with other topological space are also discussed in this paper and some applications of this newly defined set are also shown. Mathematics Subject Classification: 54A40
Energy simulation of embedded XScale systems with XEEMU

Energy efficiency is key in embedded system design. Understanding the complex issue of software power consumption in early design phases is of extreme importance to make the right design decisions. Here, not only the CPU but also the external memory plays a very important role. Power simulators offer flexibility and allow a detailed view on the sources of power consumption. However, many simulators lack accuracy and focus only on the CPU core without considering the memory subsystem. In this paper, we present XEEMU, a fast, cycle-accurate simulator, which aims at accurately simulating the power consumption of an XScale-based system including its memory subsystem. It has been validated using measurements on real hardware and shows a high accuracy for runtime, instantaneous power, and total energy consumption estimation. The average error is as low as 3.0% and 1.6% for runtime and CPU energy consumption estimation, respectively.
A Study of Early Environmental Education Experiences: Can We Legislate Concern and Understanding of the Natural World?.

2 Abstract When we think of environmental education, we often remember summer camps and scouting. This ongoing study examines childhood experiences and the potential impact of those experiences on fostering a caring concern for the environment. Results, obtained using mixed methodology (quantitative and qualitative techniques), indicate trends present in graphic and narrative data. Data were collected in surveys from 178 participants, ages 20 to 67, including responses that indicate the importance of simply getting children out into the natural world. One troubling aspect of this line of inquiry is the role of recent efforts to legislate and standardize environmental education. This session will discuss the findings of the Early Outdoor Experiences Study while posing key questions about the prior and future directions of environmental education.When we think of environmental education, we often remember summer camps and scouting. This ongoing study examines childhood experiences and the potential impact of those experiences on fostering a caring concern for the environment. Results, obtained using mixed methodology (quantitative and qualitative techniques), indicate trends present in graphic and narrative data. Data were collected in surveys from 178 participants, ages 20 to 67, including responses that indicate the importance of simply getting children out into the natural world. One troubling aspect of this line of inquiry is the role of recent efforts to legislate and standardize environmental education. This session will discuss the findings of the Early Outdoor Experiences Study while posing key questions about the prior and future directions of environmental education.
133GHz CMOS power amplifier with 16dB gain and +8dBm saturated output power for multi-gigabit communication

Indoor communication is desired in CMOS millimeter-wave transceivers. To realize indoor communication, a power amplifier with a high RF output power without compromising gain, bandwidth or power efficiency is required. In this paper, a strategic design for gate width selection and matching-network optimization is introduced. A power amplifier is fabricated using a 40 nm CMOS technology process with a chip area of 0.30 mm2 and a power consumption of 89.1 mW at 1.1 V DC supply. Its peak gain is 16.8 dB at 133 GHz and its 3 dB bandwidth is 13.0 GHz. Its output-referred 1 dB compression point is 6.8 dBm, its saturated output power is 8.6 dBm and its peak power added efficiency is 7.4%. The performance of this power amplifier is evaluated using an indicator and it is confirmed that it has the best performance among power amplifiers over 100 GHz.
Cramer-von Mises variance estimators for simulations

The authors study estimators for the variance parameter sigma /sup 2/ of a stationary process. The estimators are based on weighted Cramer-von Mises statistics formed from the standardized time series of the process. Certain weightings yield estimators which are first-order unbiased for sigma /sup 2/ and which have low variance. It is also shown how the Cramer-von Mises estimators are related to the standardized time series area estimator; this relationship is used to establish additional estimators for sigma /sup 2/. <<ETX>>
A Family of Multimodulus Algorithms for Blind Equalization of Square-QAM Signal

In this paper, a modified family of blind equalization algorithms is proposed for use in quadrature amplitude modulation (QAM) based digital communication systems. We have called this family: the generalized multimodulus algorithms: MMA(p, q). This family is derived by introducing two degrees of freedom in the conventional MM criterion. We have shown that one of the members of this family, MM(2, 1), (which, to the best of our knowledge, has never been discussed) exhibits the fastest convergence for 16-QAM signal. The dynamic convergence behavior of MM(2, 1) is analyzed and shown to be conforming with simulation results.
The efficiency of Procrastination Reduction Training on Lowering Self-Handicapping and Enhancing Academic Engagement among University Students

Author Address 1. PhD Student of Psychology, Educational Psychology, Kharazmi University, Tehran, Iran; 2. PhD Educational Psychology, Assistant Professor, Department of Educational Psychology, Kharazmi University, Tehran, Iran; 3. PhD in Psychology, Department of Psychology, Islamic Azad University, Roodehen Branch, Roodehen, Iran. *Corresponding Author Address: Department of Educational Psychology, Kharazmi University, Tehran, Iran. Email: sarvari.m67@gmail.com
Has Time Come to Switch From Duty-Cycled MAC Protocols to Wake-Up Radio for Wireless Sensor Networks?

Duty-cycled Medium Access Control (MAC) protocols certainly improve the energy efficiency of wireless networks. However, most of these protocols still suffer from severe degrees of overhearing and idle listening. These two issues prevent optimum energy usage, a crucial aspect in energy-constrained wireless networks such as wireless sensor networks (WSNs). Wake-up radio (WuR) systems drastically reduce these problems by completely switching off the nodes' microcontroller unit (MCU) and main radio transceiver until a secondary, extremely low-power receiver is triggered by a particular wireless transmission, the so called wake-up call. Unfortunately, most WuR studies focus on theoretical platforms and/or custom-built simulators. Both these factors reduce the associated usefulness of the obtained results. In this paper, we model and simulate a real, recent, and promising WuR hardware platform developed by the authors. The simulation model uses time and energy consumption values obtained in the laboratory and does not rely on custom-built simulation engines, but rather on the OMNET++ simulator. The performance of the WuR platform is compared to four of the most well-known and widely employed MAC protocols for WSN under three real-world network deployments. The paper demonstrates how the use of our WuR platform presents numerous benefits in several areas, from energy efficiency and latency to packet delivery ratio and applicability, and provides the essential information for serious consideration of switching duty-cycled MAC-based networks to WuR.
Self-similar solutions with compactly supported profile of some nonlinear Schrödinger equations

This paper deals with the study of "\textit{sharp localized}" solutions of a nonlinear type Schr\"odinger equation in the whole space $\R^N,$ $N\ge1,$ with a zero order term, in modulus, like a power $m$ less than one of the modulus of the solution, and with a non zero external forcing term $\f. $ Our fundamental assumption is that such an exponent $m$ verifies $m\in (0,1). $ The self-similar structure of the solution is justified from the assumption that the external forcing term satisfies that $\f(t,x)=t^{-(\vp-2)/2}\F(t^{-1/2}x)$ for some complex exponent $\vp$ and for some profile function $\F$ which is assumed to be with compact support in $\R^N. $ We show the existence of solutions $\vu(t,x)=t^{\vp/2}\U(t^{-1/2}x),$ with a profile $\U,$ which also have compact support in $\R^N,$ reason why we call as "\textit{sharp localized}" solutions to this type of solutions. The proof of the localization of the support of the profile $\U$ uses some suitable energy method applied to the stationary problem satisfied by $\U$ after some unknown transformation.
Similarity and Ties in Social Networks : a Study of the YouTube Social Network

Social networks and the propagation of content within social networks have received an extensive attention during the past few years. Social network content propagation is believed to depend on the similarity of users as well as on the existence of friends in the social network. Our former investigation of the YouTube social network showed that strangers (non-friends and non-followers) play a more important role in content propagation than friends. In this paper, we analyze user communities within the YouTube social network and apply various similarity measures on them. We investigate the degree of similarity in communities versus the entire social network. We found that communities are formed from similar users. At the same time, we found that there are no large similarity values between friends in YouTube communities.