Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Mental illness and parenthood: being a parent in secure psychiatric care

Background Research into parenting and mental illness seldom includes forensic mental health service users, despite its relevance to therapeutic, family work and risk management. Aims This study aimed to understand the experiences of parents and the variety of parenting roles maintained during admission to a secure forensic hospital. Methods Narrative interviews with 18 parents (eight mothers and 10 fathers) at an English medium security hospital were analysed thematically, using the framework approach. The proportion of patients who are parents and their contact patterns with their children were estimated from records. Results About a quarter of men and 38% of women were parents. Parenthood was of central importance to their emotional life, spanning experiences of loss, shame and failed expectations, joy, responsibility and hope. Fewer fathers maintained contact with their children than mothers yet fatherhood remained a vital aspect of men's identities, with impact on their self-esteem. Parenting during lengthy admissions – while constrained and dependent on professional support and surveillance – ranged from sending gifts and money to visits and phone calls. Offending was seen as a particularly shameful aspect of admission, contributing to distancing from the children and difficulty explaining detention to them. Conclusions Such complex experiences call for multidisciplinary knowledge and skills. Provision of focused therapy, as well as appropriate visiting spaces, creative approaches to contact time and support for patients in explaining their mental illness and detention to their children are recommended. © 2015 The Authors. Criminal Behaviour and Mental Health published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.
Discovery of Extended X-Ray Emission from the Planetary Nebula NGC 7027 by the Chandra X-Ray Observatory

We report the discovery of X-ray emission from NGC 7027, a prototypical object for the study of the formation and evolution of planetary nebulae. Observations with the Advanced CCD Imaging Spectrometer (ACIS) aboard the Chandra X-Ray Observatory show that the X-ray emission from NGC 7027 is extended and is bipolar in morphology. The ACIS spectrum displays strong emission from highly ionized Ne and weaker emission features, which we attribute to O, Mg, and Si. Model fits to this spectrum suggest a characteristic temperature TX ~ 3 × 106 K and an intrinsic (unabsorbed) X-ray luminosity of LX ~ 1.3 × 1032 ergs s-1. The intranebular absorption of X-ray emission is highly nonuniform, but the modeling indicates an average column density NH ~ 6 × 1021 cm-2, consistent with previous measurements of relatively large visual extinction within the nebula. We suggest that the X-ray emission from NGC 7027 is or was generated by a hitherto undetected fast wind from the central star of NGC 7027 or from a companion to this star. Chandra's detection of extended, high-temperature X-ray emission from BD +30°3639, NGC 6543, and now NGC 7027 suggests that such emission is a common feature of young planetary nebulae.
Dipole estimation errors due to differences in modeling anisotropic conductivities in realistic head models for EEG source analysis

To improve the EEG source localization in the brain, the conductivities used in the head model play a very important role. In this study, we focus on the modeling of the anisotropic conductivity of the white matter. The anisotropic conductivity profile can be derived from diffusion weighted magnetic resonance images (DW-MRI). However, deriving these anisotropic conductivities from diffusion weighted MR images of the white matter is not straightforward. In the literature, two methods can be found for calculating the conductivity from the diffusion weighted images. One method uses a fixed value for the ratio of the conductivity in different directions, while the other method uses a conductivity profile obtained from a linear scaling of the diffusion ellipsoid. We propose a model which can be used to derive the conductivity profile from the diffusion tensor images. This model is based on the variable anisotropic ratio throughout the white matter and is a combination of the linear relationship as stated in the literature, with a constraint on the magnitude of the conductivity tensor (also known as the volume constraint). This approach is stated in the paper as approach A. In our study we want to investigate dipole estimation differences due to using a more simplified model for white matter anisotropy (approach B), while the electrode potentials are derived using a head model with a more realistic approach for the white matter anisotropy (approach A). We used a realistic head model, in which the forward problem was solved using a finite difference method that can incorporate anisotropic conductivities. As error measures we considered the dipole location error and the dipole orientation error. The results show that the dipole location errors are all below 10 mm and have an average of 4 mm in gray matter regions. The dipole orientation errors ranged up to 66.4°, and had a mean of, on average, 11.6° in gray matter regions. In a qualitative manner, the results show that the orientation and location error is dependent on the orientation of the test dipole. The location error is larger when the orientation of the test dipole is similar to the orientation of the anisotropy, while the orientation error is larger when the orientation of the test dipole deviates from the orientation of the anisotropy. From these results, we can conclude that the modeling of white matter anisotropy plays an important role in EEG source localization. More specifically, accurate source localization will require an accurate modeling of the white matter conductivity profile in each voxel.
Single-center series and systematic review of randomized controlled trials of malignancies in patients with rheumatoid arthritis, psoriatic arthritis, and ankylosing spondylitis receiving anti-tumor necrosis factor alpha therapy: is there a need for more comprehensive screening procedures?

OBJECTIVE To systematically review the occurrence of malignancies among patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA), psoriatic arthritis (PsA), and ankylosing spondylitis (AS) treated with anti-tumor necrosis factor alpha (anti-TNFalpha) therapy in randomized controlled trials (RCTs), and to report a retrospective personal case series evaluating the frequency of malignancies in patients with RA, PsA, and AS requiring anti-TNF therapy selected with more comprehensive cancer screening procedures compared with patients screened according to previously published procedures. METHODS The primary outcome was the report of frequency of malignancies in RCTs and the latency between the therapy introduction and the occurrence of the neoplasm. A total of 363 consecutive RA, PsA, and AS patients requiring anti-TNF therapy from 2002 to 2006 observed at the Rheumatology Unit in Prato, Italy, underwent extensive cancer screening procedures. An historical controlled group of 73 patients treated between January 1999 and December 2001 underwent the screening procedures accepted for the RCT procedures. RESULTS Thirty-six RCTs were included for analysis. Malignancies occurred in 60 (0.75%) of 8,015 patients randomized to the active treatment arm and in 21 (0.52%) of 3,991 patients in the placebo arms (P = 0.15). In the personal retrospective case series, 1 study patient (0.27%) and 3 controls (4.1%) developed cancer over the followup period (P = 0.017). Mean +/- SD followup duration was 40.9 +/- 16.7 months in study patients and 50.6 +/- 18.1 months in controls. CONCLUSION The results of RCTs and our data showing 26% of malignancies occurring within 12 weeks from enrollment suggest the need for a revision of current cancer screening procedures in RCTs and in clinical practice.
Does Facebook increase political participation? Evidence from a field experiment

ABSTRACT During the last decade, much of political behaviour research has come to be concerned with the impact of the Internet, and more recently social networking sites such as Facebook, on political and civic participation. Although existing research generally finds a modestly positive relationship between social media use and offline and online participation, the majority of contributions rely on cross-sectional data, so the causal impact of social media use remains unclear. The present study examines how Facebook use influences reported political participation using an experiment. We recruited young Greek participants without a Facebook account and randomly assigned a subset to create and maintain a Facebook account for a year. In this paper we examine the effect of having a Facebook account on diverse modes of online and offline participation after six months. We find that maintaining a Facebook account had clearly negative consequences on reports of offline and online forms of political and civic participation.
Islamophobia and Twitter: A Typology of Online Hate Against Muslims on Social Media

The Woolwich attack in May 2013 has led to a spate of hate crimes committed against Muslim communities in the United Kindom. These incidents include Muslim women being targeted for wearing the headscarf and mosques being vandalized. While street level Islamophobia remains an important area of investigation, an equally disturbing picture is emerging with the rise in online anti-Muslim abuse. This article argues that online Islamophobia must be given the same level of attention as street level Islamophobia. It examines 500 tweets from 100 different Twitter users to examine how Muslims are being viewed and targeted by perpetrators of online abuse via the Twitter search engine, and offers a typology of offender characteristics.
Long-Term Administration of a Low-Molecular-Weight Heparin Contributed to Successful Treatment in a Patient With Primary Mediastinal Large B-Cell Lymphoma and Venous Thromboembolism

The case of a 16-year-old girl with primary mediastinal large B-cell lymphoma who had thrombosis in the brachiocephalic, subclavian, and internal jugular veins at presentation is reported. MACOP-B chemotherapy plus radiation therapy could be the first-line strategy, but MACOP-B increases the risk of thrombosis. Although an effective method for initial treatment of venous thromboembolism (VTE) in cancer patients has not been established, recent studies revealed that the administration of a low-molecular-weight heparin (LMWH) was effective for secondary prevention of VTE. Therefore, the patient in this case was treated with MACOP-B plus rituximab followed by radiation therapy, and an LMWH was administered through the course of treatment. She achieved complete remission and never suffered from VTE. This case suggests that long-term administration of an LMWH contributes to the primary improvement and secondary prevention of VTE even in patients who are at high risk for thrombosis.
Photophysiology of kleptoplasts: photosynthetic use of light by chloroplasts living in animal cells

Kleptoplasty is a remarkable type of photosynthetic association, resulting from the maintenance of functional chloroplasts—the ‘kleptoplasts’—in the tissues of a non-photosynthetic host. It represents a biologically unique condition for chloroplast and photosynthesis functioning, occurring in different phylogenetic lineages, namely dinoflagellates, ciliates, foraminiferans and, most interestingly, a single taxon of metazoans, the sacoglossan sea slugs. In the case of sea slugs, chloroplasts from macroalgae are often maintained as intracellular organelles in cells of these marine gastropods, structurally intact and photosynthetically competent for extended periods of time. Kleptoplasty has long attracted interest owing to the longevity of functional kleptoplasts in the absence of the original algal nucleus and the limited number of proteins encoded by the chloroplast genome. This review updates the state-of-the-art on kleptoplast photophysiology, focusing on the comparative analysis of the responses to light of the chloroplasts when in their original, macroalgal cells, and when sequestered in animal cells and functioning as kleptoplasts. It covers fundamental but ecologically relevant aspects of kleptoplast light responses, such as the occurrence of photoacclimation in hospite, operation of photoprotective processes and susceptibility to photoinhibition. Emphasis is given to host-mediated processes unique to kleptoplastic associations, reviewing current hypotheses on behavioural photoprotection and host-mediated enhancement of photosynthetic performance, and identifying current gaps in sacoglossan kleptoplast photophysiology research.
Effect of metals on polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon induction of CYP1A1 and CYP1A2 in human hepatocyte cultures.

Environmental cocontamination by polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and metals could affect the carcinogenic consequences of PAH exposure by modifying PAH induction of PAH-bioactivating CYP1A. The effect of As, Pb, Hg, or Cd (ranked as the most hazardous environmental metals by EPA and ATSDR) on CYP1A1 and 1A2 induction by benzo[a]pyrene (BaP), benzo[b]fluoranthene (BbF), dibenzo[a,h]anthracene (DBahA), benzo[a]anthracene (BaA), and benzo[k]fluoranthene (BkF) has thus been investigated in fresh human hepatocyte cultures. Induction was probed by ethoxyresorufin-O-deethylase activity, by immunoblots, and by RT-PCR. Uptake of PAHs into the hepatocytes varied according to PAH and liver donor: 84% of 5 microM BaA and 25-40% of 5 microM DBahA was taken up in 24 h. Hepatocytes retained viability up to 1 microM Cd and 5 microM Pb, Hg, or As and 5 microM PAHs. PAH induction of CYP1A in hepatocytes was variable, some cultures expressed CYP1A1 and others CYP1A1 and 1A2, and to variable extents. Induction efficiency (relative to DMSO controls) at 2.5 microM PAH concentration was in the order BkF (7.6-fold) > DBahA (6.1 fold) > BaP (5.7 fold) > BbF (3.9-fold) > BaA (2.5-fold). All four metals (1-5 microM) decreased CYP1A1/1A2 induction by some of the PAHs with dose-, metal-, and PAH-dependency. Arsenic (5 microM) decreased induction by 47% for BaP, 68% for BaA, 45% for BbF, 79% for BkF, and 53% for DBahA. Induced CYP1A2 protein was much more extensively decreased than 1A1 protein, and CYP1A2 mRNA and, to variable extents, CYP1A1 mRNA were decreased by As. Thus the metals in PAH/metal mixtures could diminish PAH carcinogenicity by decreasing induction of their bioactivation by CYP1A1/1A2.
Cutting Edge: Genetic Association between IFI16 Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms and Resistance to Genital Herpes Correlates with IFI16 Expression Levels and HSV-2–Induced IFN-β Expression

IFN-γ–inducible protein 16 (IFI16) is an immunological DNA sensor proposed to act in the cyclic GMP–AMP synthase–stimulator of IFN genes pathway. Because mice do not have a clear ortholog of IFI16, this system is not suitable for genetic studies of IFI16. In this study, we have compared the dependency on IFI16, cyclic GMP–AMP synthase, and stimulator of IFN genes for type I IFN induction by a panel of pathogenic bacteria and DNA viruses. The IFN response induced by HSV-2 was particularly dependent on IFI16. In a cohort of patients with genital herpes and healthy controls, the minor G allele of the IFI16 single nucleotide polymorphism rs2276404 was associated with resistance to infection. Furthermore, the combination of this allele with the C allele of rs1417806 was significantly overrepresented in uninfected individuals. Cells from individuals with the protective GC haplotype expressed higher levels of IFI16 and induced more IFN-β upon HSV-2 infection. These data provide genetic evidence for a role for IFI16 in protection against genital herpes.
Fusions-acquisitions et bénéfices privés : le cas Wendel

En 2007 les dirigeants du groupe Wendel deciderent de restructurer leur societe a l’aide de nombreuses operations de fusions-acquisitions. Comme la theorie financiere le montre, ces operations peuvent per mettre a une coalition de controle d’extraire des benefices prives. Cette etude clinique permet d’illustrer concretement ces comportements rarement mis en evidence dans la litterature.
March based memory core test scheduling for SOC

To implement the complicated functionality, the number of required embedded memory cores in a system-on-chip (SOC) is growing more and more. How to reduce the testing time of the multiple memory cores under the power constraint of SOC becomes an important issue. Based on the march elements of the march algorithms, an effective method for the embedded memory core test scheduling is presented in this paper. Without losing the memory testing functionality, the march elements of a march algorithm can be performed consecutively by distinct test resources. This gives a great flexibility in the proposed march element based test scheduling method to reduce the overall testing time of the multiple memory cores. To reduce the total testing cost, appropriate resources should be considered in the test scheduling. In this paper, several experiments have shown that the utilization of test resources and testing time reduction by using the proposed method.
Using Models to Model-Check Recursive Schemes

We propose a model-based approach to the model checking problem for recursive schemes. Since simply typed lambda calculus with the fixpoint operator, λY-calculus, is equivalent to schemes, we propose the use a model of λY to discriminate the terms that satisfy a given property. If a model is finite in every type, this gives a decision procedure. We provide a construction of such a model for every property expressed by automata with trivial acceptance conditions and divergence testing. Such properties pose already interesting challenges for model construction. Moreover, we argue that having models capturing some class of properties has several other virtues in addition to providing decidability of the model-checking problem. As an illustration, we show a very simple construction transforming a scheme to a scheme reflecting a property captured by a given model.
Personalized navigation of heterogeneous product spaces using SmartClient

Personalization in e-commerce has so far been server-centric, requiring users to create a separate individual profile on each server that they like to access. As product information is increasingly coming from multiple and heterogeneous sources, the number of profiles becomes unmanageably large. We present SmartClient, a technology based on constraint programming where a thin but intelligent client provides personalized information access for its user. As the process can run on the user's side, it allows much stronger filtering and visualization support with a wider range of personalization options than existing tools. It also eliminates the need to personalize many sites individually with different parameters, and supports product configuration and integration of different information sources in the same framework. We illustrate the technology using an application in travel e-commerce, which is currently under commercial deployment.
Functional organization of respiratory neurones: a brief review of current questions and speculations

This article presents a short overview of current knowledge about the medullary respiratory neurones and the generation of breathing rhythm. The background respiratory neurophysiology of the medulla and pons is briefly reviewed, with some current ideas about the organization of the pontine–medullary respiratory control system and its development. Questions and speculations about the organization and generation of respiratory rhythm are included, with a view to stimulating experiments to provide answers.
Pharmacology and toxicology of a liposomal formulation of amphotericin B (AmBisome) in rodents.

AmBisome is a lyophilized preparation of liposomal amphotericin B. The acute intravenous toxicity of AmBisome was evaluated in mice and rats, and the LD50S were found to be greater than 175 and 50 mg/kg, respectively. The corresponding LD50S for conventional amphotericin B were approximately 2.3 and 1.6 mg/kg for mice and rats, respectively. The multiple dose toxicity test confirmed that AmBisome was well tolerated by both species. There were no deaths observed among mice receiving 25 or 50 mg/kg AmBisome for 14 days, and only two deaths among mice receiving 75 mg/kg AmBisome. One rat died in the group receiving 25 mg/kg AmBisome for 30 days. However, five of ten and nine of ten rats died in the groups treated with 50 and 75 mg/kg AmBisome, respectively. Hepatotoxicity was evident by elevation in serum liver enzyme levels for these groups. Initial pharmacokinetic evaluations demonstrated that peak plasma concentrations of 87 and 118 mg/kg, respectively, were attained in mice and rats after injection with 5 mg/kg AmBisome. Terminal plasma half-lives of 3.36 and 7.56 h were calculated for mice and rats, respectively. Tissue accumulations of amphotericin B resulting from multiple dose intravenous administration of either conventional amphotericin B or AmBisome were determined. At equivalent doses of 1 mg/kg, AmBisome treatment resulted in higher liver and spleen uptake of drug, but lower kidney and lung uptake than amphotericin B. At 5 mg/kg, AmBisome treatment resulted in concentrations of drug in the kidney and lungs that were comparable to corresponding tissue levels observed in the group treated with 1 mg/kg conventional amphotericin B. (ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Guidelines for Therapeutic Drug Monitoring of Vancomycin: A Systematic Review

Background and Objective Despite the availability of clinical practice guidelines (CPGs) for therapeutic drug monitoring (TDM) of vancomycin, vancomycin serum concentrations still do not reach therapeutic concentrations in many patients. Thus, we sought to systematically review the quality and consistency of recommendations for an international cohort of CPGs regarding vancomycin TDM. Methods PubMed, Embase, guidelines' websites and Google were searched for CPGs for vancomycin TDM. Two independent assessors rated the quality of each CPG using the Appraisal of Guidelines for Research & Evaluation II (AGREEII) instrument and data were independently extracted. Results Twelve guidelines were evaluated and the overall quality of guidelines for vancomycin TDM was moderate. The highest score was recorded in the domain of clarity of presentation, and the lowest score was recorded in the domain of rigor of development and stakeholder involvement. The specific recommendations for vancomycin TDM were moderately consistent and guidelines varied in trough concentration monitoring, frequency of TDM, and serum concentration targets. Conclusion The overall guideline quality for vancomycin TDM was not optimal and effort is needed to improve guideline quality, especially in the domain of rigor of development and stakeholder involvement.
Small RNAs meet their targets: When methylation defends miRNAs from uridylation

Small RNAs are incorporated into Argonaute protein-containing complexes to guide the silencing of target RNAs in both animals and plants. The abundance of endogenous small RNAs is precisely controlled at multiple levels including transcription, processing and Argonaute loading. In addition to these processes, 3′ end modification of small RNAs, the topic of a research area that has rapidly evolved over the last several years, adds another layer of regulation of their abundance, diversity and function. Here, we review our recent understanding of small RNA 3′ end methylation and tailing.
LMI Approach to Iterative Learning Control Design

This paper uses linear matrix inequalities to design iterative learning controller gains. Comparisons are made between Arimoto-style gains, causal gains, and non-causal gains, using the supervector approach. The results show that linear time-varying gains have better performance than linear time invariant gains and non-causal terms make the system more stable in the sense of monotonic convergence