Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The Importance of Instructions in Assessing Sequential Effects in Impression Formation

Sequential effects in impression formation have frequently been investigated by presenting subjects with conflicting descriptions of a person's behaviour. A recency effect is commonly found using this type of material when the subject's impression is measured after each component of the description is presented. This paper describes an experiment in which the recency effect is shown to be the result of inadequate instructions. With standard instructions, subjects view the conflicting components of a description as being independent and referring to different people; they therefore only report their impression based on the immediately preceding component and a recency effect is obtained. When the instructions stress that the two parts of the description refer to the same person, the recency effect disappears and most subjects attempt to form an integrated impression of the person.
A spam filtering technique based on feature fingerprint

Spam is unsolicited bulk email. Most of the popular spam filters work depending on individual training corpus or discrete feature extraction, and these filters haven't considered spam's bulk feature. The better method to stop spam may be the collaborative approach that does not only consider the content of the email but depends on the collaboration of groups of users who share information about spam. Therefore, this paper proposes a spam filtering technique based on feature fingerprint in multi-recipient collaboration.
Identifying synonymous regulatory elements in vertebrate genomes

Synonymous gene regulation, defined by regulatory elements driving shared temporal and/or spatial aspects of gene expression, is most probably predicated on genomic elements that contain similar modules of certain transcription factor binding sites (TFBS). We have developed a method to scan vertebrate genomes for evolutionary conserved modules of TFBS in a predefined configuration, and created a tool, named SynoR that identifies synonymous regulatory elements (SREs) in vertebrate genomes. SynoR performs de novo identification of SREs utilizing known patterns of TFBS in active regulatory elements (REs) as seeds for genome scans. Layers of multiple-species conservation allow the use of differential phylogenetic sequence conservation filters in search of SREs and the results are displayed such as to provide an extensive annotation of the genes containing the detected REs. Gene Ontology categories are utilized to further functionally classify the identified genes, and integrated GNF Expression Atlas 2 data allow the cataloging of tissue-specificities of the predicted SREs. SynoR is publicly available at .
Investigation into the use of short message services to expand uptake of human immunodeficiency virus testing, and whether content and dosage have impact.

OBJECTIVE South Africa has one of the highest human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) prevalence rates in the world, but despite the well-established benefits of HIV counseling and testing (HCT), there is low uptake of HCT. The study aimed to investigate the effectiveness of using short message services (SMSs) to encourage HCT while interrogating the impact of altering SMS content and dosage (the number of SMSs). MATERIALS AND METHODS About 2,533 participants were recruited via an SMS sent to 24,000 mobiles randomly sampled from a pre-existing database. Recruits were randomly allocated to four intervention groups that received 3 or 10 informational (INFO) or motivational (MOTI) SMSs, and a control group. After the intervention, participants were prompted to go for HCT, and postintervention assessment was done after 3 weeks. RESULTS In comparison with the control, receipt of 10 MOTI messages had the most impact on uptake of HCT with a 1.7-fold increased odds of testing (confidence interval 95%; p=0.0036). The lack of efficacy of three SMSs indicates a threshold effect, that is, a minimum number of MOTI SMSs is required. INFO SMSs, whether 3 or 10 were sent, did not have a statistically significant effect. The cost can be calculated for the marginal effect of the SMSs, that is, the cost to get people to test over and above those who were likely to test without the intervention. Use of 10 MOTI SMSs yielded a cost-per-tester of $2.41. CONCLUSIONS While there are methodological issues apparent in our study, the results demonstrate the potential of SMSs to influence the uptake of HCT, the importance of appropriate content, and the need to determine a threshold for SMS-based interventions. These results indicate a potential for SMSs to be used more generally for interventions encouraging people to take health-related actions, and the need for further research in this field. The reasonable cost-per-tester is promising for the scale-up of such an intervention.
Study of Effect of Salvianolic Acid B on Motor Function Recovery in Rats with Spinal Cord Injury

In this study effect of salvianolic acid B was observed on motor function recovery of rats with spinal cord injury. 50 rats were selected and after inducing SCI their recovery under controlled conditions was studied using Sal B and PBS (as control). Both compounds were introduced intraperitoneally in respective groups of traumatic rats at the same time intervals for 28 days. It was observed that Sal B introduced at 5 mg/kg/day resulted in better motor function recovery. BBB score was recorded which increased significantly along with the reduction in cavity area observed by bright field microscopy of tissues, that is, from 1 to 10 and from 0.20 ± 0.05 mm2 to 0.10 ± 0.03 mm2, in Sal B treated group, respectively, compared to PBS group. Statistical analysis was carried out using SPSS software (SPSS, Chicago, IL, USA), values were expressed as mean ± SEM, and P value <0.01 was considered significant. Effect of Sal B on expression of NF-kB p65 and IkBα was studied and OD values of densitometry of western blots were taken. MPO activity was also studied. It was observed that treatment of Sal B significantly reduced the expression of both compounds in Sal B treated group as compared to control group after 28 days of treatment.
The gene for ribosomal protein L31, rpmE, is located at 88.5 minutes on the Escherichia coli chromosomal linkage map

Two mutations resulting in an alteration in large-subunit ribosomal protein L31 were mapped at around 88.5 min on the Escherichia coli chromosomal linkage map. They were located between metB and argH and cotransduced over 90% with metB. These mutations were shown to define the structural gene of protein L31, rpmE.
Sickle-Cell Disease in Brazzaville, Congo: Genetical, Hematological, Biochemical and Clinical Aspects

Clinical, hematological and molecular features of 116 unrelated sickle-cell anemia patients from Brazzaville were investigated. The mean age of the patients was 9.4 ± 5.3 years. 232 βs-chromosomes were haplotyped and almost all sickle cell anemia patients (91%) were homozygous for the Bantu haplotype. All hematological indices were similar for males and females. Mean hemoglobin (Hb) concentration was 6.6 ± 1.4 g/dl. Fetal Hb (HbF) levels were from 1 to 28%, with a mean of 8.8 ± 5.8%. There was a curvilinear relationship between %HbF and age suggesting that HbF level had a selective effect on the survival of patients. This effect was sex dependent. The (–α3.7) gene frequency was 0.45 and was not affected by stratification for age. Hematological characteristics of patients with (–α/αα, –α/–α) and without (αα/αα) the –α3. 7 α-thal-2 deletion showed trends similar to those reported in Jamaican and US sickle cell anemia patients. Hyperbilirubinemia (>38 μmol/l) was common and high lactic dehydrogenase (LDH) concentrations were recorded. Bilirubin concentrations for males and females were similar whereas those for LDH concentration were not. Hepatomegaly and splenomegaly were common. Splenomegaly was strongly associated with the –α3. 7 α-thal-2 deletion. These clinical and hematological observations indicate a more severe form of hemolytic disease in Congolese SS patients.
Effective ways to use Internet of Things in the field of medical and smart health care

The recent advancements in technology and the availability of the Internet make it possible to connect various devices that can communicate with each other and share data. The Internet of Things (IoT) is a new concept that allows users to connect various sensors and smart devices to collect real-time data from the environment. However, it has been observed that a comprehensive platform is still missing in the e-Health and m-Health architectures to use smartphone sensors to sense and transmit important data related to a patient's health. In this paper, our contribution is twofold. Firstly, we critically evaluate the existing literature, which discusses the effective ways to deploy IoT in the field of medical and smart health care. Secondly, we propose a new semantic model for patients' e-Health. The proposed model named as `k-Healthcare' makes use of 4 layers; the sensor layer, the network layer, the Internet layer and the services layer. All layers cooperate with each other effectively and efficiently to provide a platform for accessing patients' health data using smart phones.
The Cologne Stroke Experience: Safety and Outcome in 450 Patients Treated with Intravenous Thrombolysis

Background: Predictors of outcome and safety in intravenous thrombolysis within 3 h in clinical routine is a matter of ongoing debate. Available reports contain small patient numbers or summarize heterogeneous multicenter data. Methods: Four hundred and fifty patients received intravenous thrombolysis within 3 h after stroke. Pretreatment NIHSS score and detailed medical history were analyzed. Noncontrast CT was performed before thrombolysis, 24–36 h later and in case of clinical deterioration. Symptomatic intracranial hemorrhage (SICH; any bleeding with an NIHSS increase of ≧4 points) and clinical outcome (modified Rankin Scale, mRS) after 3 months were recorded. Logistic regression identified parameters predictive of independence (mRS 0–2) and SICH. Results: Median onset to admission, door to needle and onset to treatment time was 75, 50 and 135 min, respectively. Direct presentation by emergency service (64%) was the fastest way of referral. Median pretreatment NIHSS was 11 points. Independence (mRS 0–2) was reached by 53%. Mortality was 11% (7% intracerebral, 4% extracerebral complications). Logistic regression identified low NIHSS, low age and absent diabetes as predictors of independence. Overall hemorrhagic complications and SICH were found in 18 and 4% of the patients, respectively. Extracerebral bleeding complications and allergic reactions were found in 3 and 1%, respectively. Conclusion: This largest single center report presents a sample in the range of the 3 h rt-PA cohort of all randomized controlled trials. Outcome was comparable to randomized studies with a higher rate of independence and a lower rate of mortality and SICH.
Rapid and High‐Throughput Forensic Short Tandem Repeat Typing Using a 96‐Lane Microfabricated Capillary Array Electrophoresis Microdevice *

ABSTRACT: A 96‐channel microfabricated capillary array electrophoresis (μCAE) device was evaluated for forensic short tandem repeat (STR) typing using PowerPlex 16® and AmpFℓSTR® Profiler Plus® multiplex PCR systems. The high‐throughput μCAE system produced high‐speed <30‐min parallel sample separations with single‐base resolution. Forty‐eight previously analyzed single‐source samples were accurately typed, as confirmed on an ABI Prism 310 and/or the Hitachi FMBIO II. Minor alleles in 3:1 mixture samples containing female and male DNA were reliably typed as well. The instrument produced full profiles from sample DNA down to 0.17 ng, a threshold similar to that found for the ABI 310. Seventeen nonprobative samples from various evidentiary biological stains were also correctly typed. The successful application of the μCAE device to actual forensic STR typing samples is a significant step toward the development of a completely integrated STR analysis microdevice.
Action role design and observations in a gestural interface-based collaborative game

This paper explores the design of action roles for children playing an animal character-based collaborative game with gestural-sensitive tangible user interfaces. Based on trial runs with two inclusive groups of participants with mixed age and learning abilities, we report preliminary case study observations of the collaborative play behaviors solicited by the different interaction design patterns associated with the manner in which the action roles were distributed and coupled.
A Sociological Analysis of the Law of Vagrancy

to which discussions can be oriented. It is also a means of illustrating the existence of parallels between the aspirations of the investigator and those of the policy maker. On one hand, the policy-maker is a risk-taker who must operate on educated guesses. He seldom has a rational and comprehensive means for relating policy to action, or of anticipating the field of forces which play upon him. An operationalized theory is a means for doing this. On the other hand, theory is a framework which lends meaning to the research role. Efforts on the part of the investigator to operationalize the experiment, to insure that experimental conditions are met, and to measure its impact, are more easily entertained as important functions. Any intrusion on his part to maintain experimental conditions or train practitioners for the roles they play can be placed in context and judged as relevant or irrelevant. Even the needs of the investigator to insure that the experiment might be replicated at some future date may not differ greatly from those of the action person who, for different reasons, likewise desires a systematic description of the steps involved. Such an accommodation of theory, research and action roles would have obvious value and operational implications. It runs counter to the traditional expectations of pure science and exceeds the aspirations of applied science. It suggests the need to weigh not only the consequences for both society and sociology of making such a change but of failing to make it. Sociology is still gathering data at arbitrarily selected points in the total society and as a result may be painting only a partial picture of that which exists. Theoretically conceived researchaction programs are one means of expanding the boundaries of that picture. There is likely as much that is generalizable from the social process in action systems as in any other.
TWO MASS DISTRIBUTIONS IN THE L 1641 MOLECULAR CLOUDS: THE HERSCHEL CONNECTION OF DENSE CORES AND FILAMENTS IN ORION A

We present Herschel survey maps of the L 1641 molecular clouds in Orion A. We extracted both the filaments and dense cores in the region. We identified which of the dense sources are proto- or pre-stellar, and studied their association with the identified filaments. We find that although most (71%) of the pre-stellar sources are located on filaments there, is still a significant fraction of sources not associated with such structures. We find that these two populations (on and off the identified filaments) have distinctly different mass distributions. The mass distribution of the sources on the filaments is found to peak at 4 M☉ and drives the shape of the core mass function (CMF) at higher masses, which we fit with a power law of the form dN/dlogM∝M−1.4 ± 0.4. The mass distribution of the sources off the filaments, on the other hand, peaks at 0.8 M☉ and leads to a flattening of the CMF at masses lower than ∼4 M☉. We postulate that this difference between the mass distributions is due to the higher proportion of gas that is available in the filaments, rather than in the diffuse cloud.
Land tenure and agrarian change in Kenya

Opening Paragraph This article examines the relationship of formal and informal land-tenure systems to processes of agrarian change. Although it is often assumed that formal legal recognition of private rights in land can help to transform agriculture, causal links between particular tenure systems and agrarian processes are not easily demonstrated. It is difficult to separate the effects of land tenure from those of a host of other influences on agriculture. A number of studies have pointed to causal relationships among high population density, agricultural intensity, and individualisation of land rights (Podolefsky, 1987). Nevertheless, formal privatisation per se may have relatively little effect on processes of agrarian change, even in an economy where land is productive and scarce and where its distribution is relatively unequal. Résumé Bail foncier et changement agraire au Kenya Cet article examine la relation des systèmes de bail foncier officiels et officieux par rapport au processus de changement agraire. Bien qu'on suppose fréquemment que la reconnaissance légale officielle des droits privés fonciers puisse faciliter la transformation de l'agriculture, il est difficile de démontrer les liens moins officiels entre les systèmes particuliers de bail et le processus agraire. Il est difficile de séparer les effets du bail foncier de ceux entraînés par une multitude d'autres influences sur l'agriculture. L'histoire agraire des hautsplateaux du Kenya est un cas particulier. Des données provenant de la Région Embu sont utilisées pour démontrer les problèmes analytiques impliqués.
Observing sport: modern system theoretical approaches

sport. Collins previous books have shown a keen appreciation and application of social class, and this work is no exception. He develops a thesis that explicitly links the development of rugby union to that of the English middle classes, paying particular attention to middle class values and mores. The book is also essential reading for anyone interested in any of the world’s football codes, as it devotes particular attention to the forces that shaped and influenced the process of codification (both within England and internationally) in the midto late-nineteenth century. Collins emphasizes that despite the divergent forms that emerged, most of the football codes (and particularly those like rugby union, rugby league, American football and Australian football that favoured a handling game) were built upon extremely common shared roots, not just through the many similarities of their playing rules, but also in their mutual groundings in the public school ethos and muscular Christianity. It is one of the strengths of Collins’ writing that he is able to bring such valuable comparative perspectives to bear on his analysis (which is a further testament to the extensive amount of research that underpins the book). Perhaps one of the few disappointments with the book is that Collins did not apply similar comparisons in his section on player (mis)behaviour. Rugby union has certainly developed a reputation for off-field misdemeanours by players (which Collins provides numerous examples of), but it would have been interesting to more thoroughly analyse whether the stereotype of the ‘rugger man’ is indeed sport specific, or whether it is reflective of more widespread masculine values in team sports. Similarly, the same chapter’s details of the marginalization of women within rugby union might be better understood in a more comparative context. Certainly, anyone familiar with the cultures of Australian Rules football or rugby league in Australia would find the issues that Collins raises extremely familiar, suggesting that the marginalization stems from more than just rugby union’s own cultural values. Overall, however, this is an excellent work that is fully deserving of the praise that has justly been heaped upon it.
Content area teachers’ attitudes and practices toward reading in the content areas: A review

Abstract In an earlier review, Moore, Readence and Rickelman (1983) explored the historical foundations of content area reading instruction. They suggested further research needs to be conducted as to actual classroom practices regarding content area reading instruction. In investigating content area teachers’ practices, a logical first step is to investigate the attitudes that content area teachers hold toward incorporating reading instruction in their classrooms. This article, then, presents a review of the literature related to content area teachers’ attitudes toward teaching reading in the content areas. The research reviewed suggests four major findings: (1) content area teachers know less than they need to know about reading in general and about reading skills unique to their content areas; (2) attitudes toward reading instruction vary with respect to instructional level, level of knowledge of reading, and content area taught; (3) teachers are willing to enroll in content area courses; and (4) such .
Addition of Sugars to Dairy Rations

Responses to sugars in dry or liquid form vary from study to study. To explain some of this variation and prioritize when sugars are more likely to have a benefit in diets for high producing dairy cattle, microbial function that influences susceptibility to low ruminal pH or a limitation in growth factors needed for efficient ruminal fiber degradation is discussed in this paper. When fed in proper amounts, sugars should not depress ruminal pH, and there is some evidence that they actually help to prevent a drop in pH after consuming large meals of concentrate by maintaining a higher number of lactate-fermenting bacteria. Adding sugars does prioritize the need for rumen degraded protein (RDP). However, lactate-fermenting bacteria probably compete against the bacteria that catabolize amino acids as their main energy source, so feeding sugars potentially preserve higher concentrations of peptides and amino acids for the rest of the microbial consortium to degrade fiber or produce microbial protein more efficiently. Sugars tend to increase butyrate or valerate concentration in the rumen, which, besides consolidating 2 moles of acid into one, provides more fuel for rumen epithelial cells. We don’t know if this helps to increase surface area and absorptive capacity from the rumen wall in lactating dairy cows, but there is growing evidence that cows that are more likely to resist subacute rumen acidosis tend to have increasing concentrations of these fermentation endproducts. Moreover, sugars do not promote the formation of trans fatty acids that are implicated in milk fat depression, and there is some evidence that they might decrease the accumulation of these fatty acids by slowing lipolysis or modifying rates of biohydrogenation. Combined with the potential to reduce sorting behavior against coarse particles, especially in corn silage-based diets, our data with liquid feeds tend to support the same or enhanced milk fat yield, particularly if dry matter intake (DMI)