Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Crustal and upper mantle structure of the Western Carpathians from CELEBRATION 2000 profiles CEL01 and CEL04: seismic models and geological implications

SUMMARY CELEBRATION 2000 was a large international experiment that focused on the lithospheric structure in Central Europe. It consisted of several wide-angle reflection and refraction seismic profiles. Profiles CEL01 and CEL04 are located in the transition from the Precambrian and Palaeozoic platforms to the Carpathian orogen. The data were modelled using 2-D tomographic and forward modelling techniques. The profile CEL01 (about 900 km long) extends from the southwestern margin of the East European Craton to the Pannonian basin system. The depth of Moho boundary varies along the profile from 27‐33 km under the Pannonian basin system area, 30‐39 under the Carpathians and within the TESZ to 40‐45 km under the East European Craton. The CEL04 profile (630 km long) starts in the Polish trough (PT) and reaches the Pannonian basin system. Along the CEL04 profile, the Moho interface shallows from 40 km beneath the PT to about 35 km in the Maopolska unit. The crustal thickness is 43 km beneath the Carpathians and 25 km beneath the Pannonian basin system. The results obtained are consistent with a commonly accepted view of the Carpathians, thought to be formed largely due to the interplay between Palaeogene to Middle Miocene subduction of oceanic or suboceanic crust and subsequent collision. A feature that we interpret as the subduction-related orogenic root is at least partially preserved in both profiles and is manifested by a crustal thicknesses of 39
Edinburgh Research Explorer Real-time social reasoning

The scalar quantiﬁer some is locally ambiguous between pragmatic (some-but-not-all) and literal (some-and-possibly-all) meanings. Although comprehenders typically favour an eventual pragmatic interpretation, debate persists regarding what factors inﬂuence interpretation, the time course of comprehension, and whether literal meaning takes precedence. We investigate how the interpretation of some depends on social reasoning derived from a speaker’s manner of delivery. Speciﬁcally, we test the effect of disﬂuency on the derivation of meaning in a context where hesitation may signal speaker embar-rassment due to potential face-loss associated with the literal meaning of ‘‘some’’. Participants ð n ¼ 24 Þ viewed displays comprising two different snack quantities while hearing a recorded utterance describing how much a speaker had eaten. Critical utterances ð n ¼ 16 Þ contained the quantiﬁer some , half with a ﬁlled pause disﬂuency (‘‘I ate \ uh [ , some oreos’’). Participants’ eye and mouse movements showed (via empirical logit regressions) that ﬂuent utterances yielded a bias toward a pragmatic interpretation, while disﬂuency attenuated this bias in favour of the literal meaning (where the speaker ate all the oreos). Crucially, this difference emerged rapidly post-onset of some . Taken together, our ﬁndings do not support a literal-ﬁrst account of scalar comprehension, but rather, suggest that some is interpreted rapidly in a context-dependent manner.
Elimination of Free Surface-related Multiples Without Need of the Source Wavelet

This paper presents a new, wave‐equation based method for eliminating the effect of the free surface from marine seismic data without destroying primary amplitudes and without any knowledge of the subsurface. Compared with previously published methods which require an estimate of the source wavelet, the present method has the following characteristics: it does not require any information about the marine source array and its signature, it does not rely on removal of the direct wave from the data, and it does not require any explicit deghosting. Moreover, the effect of the source signature is removed from the data in the multiple elimination process by deterministic signature deconvolution, replacing the original source signature radiated from the marine source array with any desired wavelet (within the data frequency‐band) radiated from a monopole point source. The fundamental constraint of the new method is that the vertical derivative of the pressure or the vertical component of the particle velocity is.
Novel Tri-band Microstrip Bandpass Filter Using Crossed Open Stubs with Different Lengths

In recent years, with the development and critical requirements on modern communication technology, more and more attentions have been paid to the multiband and multimode wireless communication systems. Tri-band microstrip bandpass filters (BPFs) play an important role in tri-band transceiver. Several tri-band BPFs have been implemented using stepped impedance resonators (SIR) due to their multi-band behaviors, simple structure and well-established design methodology [1]-[4]. However, the resonance frequencies of the SIRs are dependent, the filter design is quite complicated and it is not convenient to meet specific bandwidth requirement. One of the most effective methods to realize high performance BPF is to create transmission zeros located at upper or lower side of the passband [5]-[7]. Some tri-band BPFs using dual behaviors resonators (DBRs) and crossed open/short stubs are proposed in [8]-[9]. In [8], each passband of the filters is separated by the transmission zeros produced by the resonance of the open stubs, however, multi-section open stubs with different impedances should be cascaded to realize different transmission zeros, thus causing large filter size. To achieve simpler and more compact design for tri-band BPF, a new tri-band BPF operating at 2.45/5.25 GHz (WLAN bands) and 3.5 GHz (WiMAX) is proposed in this letter. Transmissions zeros created by the crossed open stubs are used to realize the passband and improve the performance of the passband, while ABCD matrix is used to determine the initial structure parameters. The filters are constructed on dielectric substrate with r = 2.65 and h = 1 mm.
Trypsin treatment unlocks barrier for zoonotic bat coronaviruses infection.

25 Traditionally, the emergence of coronaviruses (CoVs) has been attributed to a gain in receptor 26 binding in a new host. Our previous work with SARS-like viruses argued that bats already 27 harbor CoVs with the ability to infect humans without adaptation. These results suggested that 28 additional barriers limit the emergence of zoonotic CoV. In this work, we describe overcoming 29 host restriction of two MERS-like bat CoVs using exogenous protease treatment. We found that 30 the spike protein of PDF2180-CoV, a MERS-like virus found in a Ugandan bat, could mediate 31 infection of Vero and human cells in the presence of exogenous trypsin. We subsequently show 32 that the bat virus spike can mediate infection of human gut cells, but is unable to infect human 33 lung cells. Using receptor-blocking antibodies, we show that infection with the PDF2180 spike 34 does not require MERS-CoV receptor DPP4 and antibodies developed against the MERS spike 35 receptor-binding domain and S2 portion are ineffective in neutralizing the PDF2180 chimera. 36 Finally, we found that addition of exogenous trypsin also rescues HKU5-CoV, a second bat 37 group 2c CoV. Together, these results indicate that proteolytic cleavage of the spike, not 38 receptor binding, is the primary infection barrier for these two group 2c CoVs. Coupled with 39 receptor binding, proteolytic activation offers a new parameter to evaluate emergence potential 40 of bat CoVs and offer a means to recover previously unrecoverable zoonotic CoV strains. subset Moving forward, results binding and proteolytic evaluating the emergence potential and risk posed by zoonotic coronaviruses. In previously coronavirus strains and argue human 256 DPP4 without mutations to the spike (30, 33). In this study, we demonstrate that both PDF-2180 257
Measurement of #(2S) polarisation in pp collisions at √s = 7 TeV

The polarisation of prompt ψ(2S) mesons is measured by performing an angular analysis of ψ(2S) → μ+μ− decays using proton-proton collision data, corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 1.0 fb−1, collected by the LHCb detector at a centre-of-mass energy of 7 TeV. The polarisation is measured in bins of transverse momentum pT and rapidity y in the kinematic region 3.5 < pT < 15 GeV/c and 2.0 < y < 4.5, and is compared to theoretical models. No significant polarisation is observed.
UNDERSTANDING THE PHYSICS OF KAPPA (Κ

In this study we estimate the spectral decay factor κ0 for the EUROSEISTEST array. Site conditions range from soft sediments to hard rock over 14 surface and 6 downhole accelerographs. First, we separate local and regional high-frequency attenuation and measure κ0. Second, we use the existing knowledge of the geological profile and material properties to correlate κ0 with different site characterisation parameters (Vs30, resonant frequency, depth-to-bedrock). Third, we use our results to improve our physical understanding of κ0. We propose a conceptual model comprising two new notions. On the one hand, we observe that κ0 stabilises for high Vs values; this may indicate the existence of regional values for hard rock κ0. If so, we propose that borehole measurements may be useful in determining them. On the other hand, we find that material damping may not suffice to account for the total measured attenuation. We propose that, apart from damping, additional site attenuation may be caused by scattering from small-scale profile variability. If this is so, then geotechnical damping measurements may not suffice to infer overall crustal attenuation under a site; but starting with a regional (borehole) value and adding damping, we might define a lower bound for site-specific κ0.
The link between default and recovery rates : effects on the procyclicality of regulatory capital ratios

This paper analyses the impact of various assumptions about the association between aggregate default probabilities and the loss given default on bank loans and corporate bonds, and seeks to empirically explain this critical relationship. Moreover, it simulates the effects of this relationship on the procyclicality of mandatory capital requirements like those proposed in 2001 by the Basel Committee on Banking Supervision. We present the analysis and results in four distinct sections. The first section examines the literature of the last three decades of the various structural-form, closed-form and other credit risk and portfolio credit value-at-risk (VaR) models and the way they explicitly or implicitly treat the recovery rate variable. Section 2 presents simulation results under three different recovery rate scenarios and examines the impact of these scenarios on the resulting risk measures: our results show a significant increase in both expected an unexpected losses when recovery rates are stochastic and negatively correlated with default probabilities. In Section 3, we empirically examine the recovery rates on corporate bond defaults, over the period 1982-2000. We attempt to explain recovery rates by specifying a rather straightforward statistical least squares regression model. The central thesis is that aggregate recovery rates are basically a function of supply and demand for the securities. Our econometric univariate and multivariate time series models explain a significant portion of the variance in bond recovery rates aggregated across all seniority and collateral levels. Finally, in Section 4 we analyse how the link between default probability and recovery risk would affect the procyclicality effects of the New Basel Capital Accord, due to be released in 2002. We see that, if banks are let free to use their own estimates of LGD (as in the “advanced” IRB approach), an increase in their sensitivity to economic cycles would follow. Our results have important implications for just about all portfolio credit risk models, for markets which depend on recovery rates as a key variable (eg securitisations, credit derivatives, etc), for the current debate on the revised BIS guidelines for capital requirements on bank credit assets, and for investors in corporate bonds of all credit qualities. JEL Classification Numbers: G15, G21, G28
immune cells: more than simple carriers for systemic delivery of oncolytic viruses

: Oncolytic virotherapy on its own has numerous drawbacks, including an inability of the virus to actively target tumor cells and systemic toxicities at the high doses necessary to effectively treat tumors. Addition of immune cell-based carriers of oncolytic viruses holds promise as a technique in which oncolytic virus can be delivered directly to tumors in smaller and less toxic doses. Interestingly, the cell carriers themselves have also demonstrated antitumor effects, which can be augmented further by tailoring the appropriate oncolytic virus to the appropriate cell type. This review discusses the multiple factors that go into devising an effective, cell-based delivery system for oncolytic viruses.
The Metabolic Syndrome in Hypertension

The metabolic syndrome (MS) is currently considered to be a cluster of metabolic and cardiovascular risk factors including blood pressure elevation. A higher risk to develop hypertension in MS subjects with high-normal blood pressure has been observed and, when hypertension is established, seems to be what confers a higher cardiovascular risk on top of the risk induced by blood pressure elevation. Therefore, assessment of MS components can result in clinical utility strategy to manage hypertension based on individual risk. The main mechanisms for blood pressure elevation include overactivity of the sympathetic and the reninangiotensin system, abnormal renal sodium handling, and endothelial dysfunction. Treatment aim to reduce the high cardiovascular and renal risk associated with the individual components of MS, and to reduce the risk of developing type-2 diabetes. Diet and regular physical exercise should be strongly recommended. The first choice among the antihypertensive drugs should be those which may induce reduction of insulin resistance and the consequent changes in lipid profile and glucose levels.
REFOR T RESUMES

A RATIONALE AND PROCEDURE FOR THE EFFECTIVE VOCATIONAL EDUCATION OF LOW ACHIEVING HIGH SCHOOL STUDENTS WAS DEVELOPED FROM AN ANALYSIS OF 13 HIGH SCHOOL PROGRAMS IN 10 SAN FRANCISCO SAY AREA SCHOOL SYSTEMS WHERE THE RICHMOND PREENGINEERING TECHNOLOGY PROGRAM WAS UNDER OPERATION. EXPERIMENTAL EFFORTS WERE MADE TO ESTABLISH SHOPCENTERED TEAM TEACHING PROGRAMS IN THE THREE HIGH SCHOOL DISTRICTS IN SANTA CRUZ COUNTY, CALIFORNIA; WITH PARTIAL PROGRAMING AT CABRILLO JUNIOR COLLEGE. UNDERACHIEVING ELEVENTH AND TWELFTH GRADE PUPILS WITH GOOD POTENTIAL AND AN INTEREST IN SCIENCE WERE TAUGHT ON A HALF-DAY SCHEDULE BY A TEAM OF TEACHERS REPRESENTING SCIENCE, MATH, ENGLISH: AND SHOP. THE FINAL REPORT INCLUDES A DESCRIPTIVE SUMMARIZATION OF CONCLUSIONS ABOUT PROBLEMS AND PROCEDURES RELATED TO THE OPERATION, EMPHASIZING THAT IT WAS DESIGNED FOR SPECIAL GROUPS Cf PUPILS, PARTICULARLY FOR THOSE NOT WELL SERVED BY THE EXISTING ACADEMIC PROGRAM. AN INFORMAL APPRAISAL OF THE PROGRAM INDICATES THAT IT HAS BEEN A SUCCESS WITH ALL STUDENTS IN SOME AREAS AND WITH SOME STUDENTS IN ALL AREAS.
Recurrent Neural Network for Malware Detection

Recently, an active development of network communication technology has brought inspiration to new cyber-attack such as malware. This possesses a massive threat to network organization, users and security. Consequently, many researchers have developed novel algorithms for attack detection. Nevertheless, they still face the problem of building reliable and accurate models that are capable in handling large quantities of data with changing patterns. The most common technique to represent the feature of malware is bag-ofwords (BOW) where the frequency of each word is used for malware description. However, using BOW approach will destroy the spatial and sequence information aspects of malware patterns, resulting in information loss and coarse indexing. Therefore, this paper presents two combination models of Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM) and Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) to deal with spatial and temporal signals problem of BOW representation. Both techniques are well known in the classification problem with LSTM being useful in temporal modeling while CNN is good at extract spatial information from data. After that, the Multi-Layer Perceptron (MLP) is used for classification. The model is trained on Drebin dataset and validated, and then the result is compared with other techniques. The experiment shows that the both proposed models outperform common MLP, CNN and LSTM models on a malware classification task. Our best model (LSTM-CNN) model obtains state-of-the-art performance level of 98.53% of the Drebin dataset.
Evaluating Agricultural Systems Based on Mulch Technology: A Case Study

The introducing of the agricultural systems based on mulch technology in farm family units of the eastern Amazon region of Brazil is results of agronomic research of SHIFT ‘Capoeira’ Project. The mulch technology system is a method agricultural fire free that combine a mechanized chopping of the fallow vegetation and the enrichment of the fallow.
Detection of filamentary structrures using transfer entropy in TJ-II and W 7X

W7-X J H. Nicolau1, L. García1, B. A. Carreras1, B.Ph. van Milligen2, B.Liu3, G. Grenfell2,4, U. Losada2, C. Hidalgo2 and the TJ-II Team 1 Universidad Carlos III de Madrid, 28911 Leganés, Spain 2 Laboratorio Nacional de Fusion, CIEMAT, Avda. Complutense 40, 28040 Madrid, Spain 3Institute of Fusion Science, School of Physical Science and Technology, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu, People’s Republic of China 4 Consorzio RFX, Corso Stati Uniti 4, 35127, Padova, Italy
Advances in Atomic Force Microscopy for Probing Polymer Structure and Properties

Over the past 30 years, atomic force microscopy (AFM) has played an important role in elucidating the structure and properties of polymer surfaces. AFM-based techniques have enabled the quantitative determination of the physicochemical properties of polymer surfaces with high spatial resolution and under a wide variety of conditions. Coupled with the improvements in spatial and temporal resolution, multiparametric and multifunctional characterization has revealed the delicate interplay between structure, dynamics, and properties at the surfaces of complex systems. Here we summarize some of the significant advances that have been made in synthetic polymeric materials, most in the past 10 years, where AFM has been crucial, and we provide our perspective on where AFM will be insightful in future and instrumental in advancing emerging areas.
Analysis of Coseismic Water-Level Changes in the Wells in the Koyna–Warna Region, Western India

Abstract We test the hypothesis that coseismic water-level changes in wells are proportional to coseismic volumetric strain by analyzing available data from the Koyna–Warna region of western India. A total of 18 cases of water-level changes have been reported at ten wells corresponding to six earthquakes of M ≥4.3 that occurred in the region from 1997 to 2005. Out of these, clear unambiguous steplike coseismic water-level changes have been observed in ten cases at five confined wells. We used basic poroelastic theory to simulate volumetric strain and corresponding water-level changes and find that all cases show consistency in sign between reported coseismic water-level changes and simulated volumetric strain. All confined wells with high strain sensitivity that are located near earthquake epicenters show good agreement in magnitude between simulated and reported volumetric strain, thereby supporting this hypothesis.
Algal and protozoan response to Holocene climate change and anthropogenic impact: a case study from Sluice Pond, MA

Sluice Pond is a small (18 ha) and deep (Zmax 20.0 m) partially meromictic, pond in Lynn, Massachusetts that contains a diverse dinocyst record since the early Holocene. High dinocyst concentrations, including morphotypes not previously described, as well as the preservation of several specimens of cellulosic thecae are attributed to low dissolved oxygen (DO) in the basin. The fossil protozoan record supports the interpretationthecamoebians were unable to colonize the basin until the middle Holocene and only became abundant when the drought-induced lowstand oxygenated the bottom waters. Protozoans tolerant of low DO became abundant through the late Holocene as water levels rose and cultural eutrophication produced a sharp increase in biochemical oxygen demand (BOD) beginning in the 17 th century. Recent sediments contain a dominance of Peridinium willei, indicating cultural eutrophication and the planktonic ciliate Codonella cratera and the thecamoebian Cucurbitella tricuspis in the deep basin. Above the chemocline however, a diverse difflugiid thecamoebian assemblage is present.
Representation and Recognition C of Free-Form Surfaces

We introduce a new surface representation for recognizing curved objects. Our approach begins by representing an object by a discrete mesh of points built from range data or from a geometric model of the object. The mesh is computed from the data by deforming a standard shaped mesh, for example, an ellipsoid, until it fits the surface of the object. We define local regularity constraints that the mesh must satisfy. We then define a canonical mapping between the mesh describing the object and a standard spherical mesh. A surface curvature index that is pose-invariant is stored at every node of the mesh. We use this object representation for recognition by comparing the spherical model of a reference object with the model extracted from a new observed scene. We show how the similarity between reference model and observed data can be evaluated and we show how the pose of the reference object in the observed scene can be easily computed using this representation. We present results on real rarige images which show that this approach to modelling and recognizing three-dimensional objects has three main advantages: First, it is applicable to complex curved surfaces that cannot be handled by conventional techniques. Second, it reduces the recognition problem to the computation of similarity between spherical distributions; in particular, the recognition algorithm does not require any combinatorial search. Finally, even though it is based on a spherical mapping, the approach can handle occlusions and partial views.
Analysis and interpretation of the monitoring data for C2-C11 hydrocarbons in the atmosphere of a rural Portuguese site

This paper focuses the application of a measurement technique for determining atmospheric C2? C6 hydrocarbons after canister sampling and analysis by gas chromatography/flame ionisation detection (GC/FID), as well of an adsorption-sampling technique for C6? C11 compounds and GC/FID analysis after thermal desorption and cryogenic concentration. Tens of samples collected at Giesta, a rural area located 20 km to the SE of the coastal Portuguese city of Aveiro, were analysed. The characterisation of C2 C11 hydrocarbons is presented, considering seasonal variations, diurnal cycles, the influence of air masses and different photochemical conditions. Ratios between hydrocarbons and principal components analysis were applied to differentiate between biogenic and anthropogenic sources.