Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Stakeholder Perspectives on a Toolkit to Enhance Caregiver Participation in Community-Based Child Mental Health Services

Client engagement in services is a critical element of effective community-based child and family mental health service delivery. Caregiver engagement is particularly important, as caregivers often serve as gatekeepers to child mental health care and typically must consent for services, facilitate service attendance, and are often the target of intervention themselves. Unfortunately, caregiver engagement has been identified as a significant challenge in community-based child mental health services. To address this gap, the Parent And Caregiver Active Participation Toolkit (PACT), which includes therapist training and participation tools for caregivers and therapists, was developed. Stakeholders’ perspectives regarding the delivery of interventions designed to improve the quality and effectiveness of community-based care are essential to understanding the implementation of such interventions in routine service settings. As such, this mixed methods study examined the perspectives of 12 therapists, 8 caregivers, and 6 program managers who participated in a community-based randomized pilot study of PACT. Therapists, caregivers, and program managers agreed that PACT was acceptable, appropriate, and feasible to use in community settings and that both changes in therapist practices and caregiver participation resulted from implementing PACT. Some variable perceptions in the utility of the therapist training components were identified, as well as barriers and facilitators of PACT implementation. Results expand the parent pilot study’s findings as well as complement and expand the literature on training community providers in evidence-based practices.
Social Network Services: Competition and Privacy

Social Network Services (SNS) business models highly depend on the gathering and analyzation of user data to obtain an advantage in competition for advertising clients. Nevertheless, an extensive collection and analysis of this data poses a threat to users’ privacy. Based on an economic perspective it seems rational for Social Network Operators (SNO) to ignore the users’ desire for privacy. However, privacy-friendly services might have the potential to earn users’ trust, leading to an increased revelation of personal data. Addressing these issues, we examine the existing privacy problem in SNS in the context of competition between SNO to investigate whether competition tend to enhance user privacy or whether it is the root of its violation. Therefore, this paper investigates the interconnectedness of the market structure and privacy problems in SNS. After analyzing the users’ and the advertisers’ side of SNS, their competitiveness and its influence on user privacy are examined.
Tolvaptan: a new tool for the effective treatment of hyponatremia in psychotic disorders

Importance of the field: Hyponatremia (serum sodium concentration < 136 mEq/liter) is a common and potentially life-threatening medical comorbidity seen in patients with psychotic disorders. Tolvaptan, a selective antagonist of the V2-receptor, is FDA-approved for the treatment of clinically significant hypervolemic and euvolemic hyponatremia. This represents a major development in the care of psychotic individuals with hyponatremia. Areas covered in the review: This review provides an overview of the existing literature on prevalence rates and risk factors associated with hyponatremia in psychotic patients (1923 – present). Tolvaptan is discussed as a potential advance in the treatment of hyponatremia in patients with psychotic disorders, and preliminary data are reviewed. What the reader will gain: The reader will gain an appreciation of the prevalence of hyponatremia among psychotic individuals, an understanding of the distinctions between acute and chronic hyponatremia in this population, and awareness that effective treatments are becoming available. Take home message: A modest literature exists regarding prevalence rates and risk factors associated with hyponatremia in psychotic populations. Hyponatremia is common and serious enough to merit clinical concern. Perhaps, now that tolvaptan has been FDA-approved, progress will accelerate and new insights will develop that begin to bring relief from this medical comorbidity among psychotic patients.
Acute Biphasic Effects of Ayahuasca

Ritual use of ayahuasca, an amazonian Amerindian medicine turned sacrament in syncretic religions in Brazil, is rapidly growing around the world. Because of this internationalization, a comprehensive understanding of the pharmacological mechanisms of action of the brew and the neural correlates of the modified states of consciousness it induces is important. Employing a combination of electroencephalogram (EEG) recordings and quantification of ayahuasca's compounds and their metabolites in the systemic circulation we found ayahuasca to induce a biphasic effect in the brain. This effect was composed of reduced power in the alpha band (8–13 Hz) after 50 minutes from ingestion of the brew and increased slow- and fast-gamma power (30–50 and 50–100 Hz, respectively) between 75 and 125 minutes. Alpha power reductions were mostly located at left parieto-occipital cortex, slow-gamma power increase was observed at left centro-parieto-occipital, left fronto-temporal and right frontal cortices while fast-gamma increases were significant at left centro-parieto-occipital, left fronto-temporal, right frontal and right parieto-occipital cortices. These effects were significantly associated with circulating levels of ayahuasca’s chemical compounds, mostly N,N-dimethyltryptamine (DMT), harmine, harmaline and tetrahydroharmine and some of their metabolites. An interpretation based on a cognitive and emotional framework relevant to the ritual use of ayahuasca, as well as it's potential therapeutic effects is offered.
Natural killer T cell strategies to combat Epstein–Barr virus infection

Epstein–Barr virus (EBV) infection results in rapid loss of CD1d expression from the surface of infected B cells, thus enabling the virus to evade immune recognition by natural killer T (NKT) cells. Using pharmacologic means to boost CD1d expression, potent NKT cell effector functions can be elicited toward EBV-infected B cells, suggesting the promise of novel strategies to target EBV-associated diseases such as some B-cell malignancies.
What Happens to bone health during and after spaceflight

Weightless conditions of space flight accelerate bone loss. There are no reports to date that address whether the bone that is lost during spaceflight could ever be recovered. Spaceinduced bone loss in astronauts is evaluated at the Johnson Space Center (JSC) by measurement of bone mineral density (BMD) by Dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry (DXA) scans. Astronauts are routinely scanned preflight and at various time points postflight (greater than or equal to Return+2 days). Two sets of BMD data were used to model spaceflight-induced loss and skeletal recovery in crewmembers following long-duration spaceflight missions (4-6 months). Group I was from astronauts (n=7) who were systematically scanned at multiple time points during the postflight period as part of a research protocol to investigate skeletal recovery. Group II came from a total of 49 sets of preflight and postflight data obtained by different protocols. These data were from 39 different crewmembers some of whom served on multiple flights. Changes in BMD (between pre- and postflight BMD) were plotted as a function of time (days-after-landing); plotted data were fitted to an exponential equation which enabled estimations of i) BMD change at day 0 after landing and ii) the number of days by which 50% of the lost bone is recovered (half-life). These fits were performed for BMD of the lumbar spine, trochanter, pelvis, femoral neck and calcaneus. There was consistency between the models for BMD recovery. Based upon the exponential model of BMD restoration, recovery following long-duration missions appears to be substantially complete in crewmembers within 36 months following return to Earth.
The European Commission's Energy and Climate Policy: A Climate for Expertise?

Preface List Of Abbreviations List Of Tables 1. Introduction: The Tension Between Science And Politics 1.1. Introduction - The Commission Stretched Between Science And Politics 1.2. Experts And Knowledge - Definitions And Their Boundedness 1.3. Climate And Energy Policy: Turning Facts Into Policies 1.4. A Few Methodological Remarks 1.5. Theoretical Approach: Institutional Demand And Knowledge 2. The Commission's Strategies For Designing An Emissions Trading Regime In The EU 2.1. Introduction: Innovating Environmental Policy Through Markets 2.2. Technocratic Knowledge Utilization Strategies In Designing ETS I 2.3. Politicized Knowledge Utilization Strategies In Designing ETS I 2.4. Conclusion: Climate Policy Between Learning And Strategic Entrepreneurship 3. The Commission's Puzzling And Powering Over The Revision Of The ETS 3.1. Introduction: Correcting The Shortcomings Of The Past 3.2. Technocratic Knowledge Utilization Strategies In Revising ETS 3.3. Politicized Knowledge Utilization Strategies In Revising ETS 3.4. Conclusion: Using Knowledge To Make The ETS Market Work 4. The Commission's Approach To Devising The Renewables Directive 4.1. Introduction: A Foot In The Door Towards A European Energy Policy 4.2. Technocratic Knowledge Utilization Strategies In Developing The RES Directive 4.3. Politicized Knowledge Utilization Strategies In Developing The RES Directive 4.4. Conclusion: Politicizing Knowledge In The Pursuit Of European Energy Policy 5. Conclusion: The Commission As A Catalyst Between Knowledge And Politics 5.1. Introduction: An Open Black-Box 5.2. Re-Cap: Assumptions And Expectations Of Institutional Demands And Knowledge Utilization 5.3. The Commission's Nature Stretched Between Politicization And Technocracy 5.4. Technocratic Knowledge Utilization Strategies In Cross-Case Comparison 5.5. Politicized Knowledge Utilization Strategies In Cross-Case Comparison 5.6. Conclusion: Transforming Knowledge Into Politics 6. Index 7. Bibliography
Wertorientierte Personalarbeit zwischen Mythos und Mikropolitik

Aufgrund eines verstärkten ökonomischen Legitimationsdrucks und des zunehmenden Einflusses des Shareholder-Value-Denkens wuchs in größeren Unternehmen das Interesse der Personalpraxis an Konzepten wertorientierter Personalarbeit. Obwohl die zugrunde liegenden indikatorengestützten Messkonzepte mit erheblichen methodischen Einwänden konfrontiert sind, sollen sie den Nachweis personalwirtschaftlicher Beiträge zur Steigerung des Eigentümerwerts ermöglichen. Der Aufsatz analysiert die Gründe für die – ungeachtet der methodischen Einwände – zunehmende Verbreitung der Konzepte wertorientierter Personalarbeit aus einer organisationstheoretischen Perspektive. Letztere verbindet unter Rückgriff auf die Idee der Strukturdualität die Analyse organisationaler Rationalitätsmythen mit der Betrachtung zentraler Akteursinteressen. Vor diesem Hintergrund erweist sich der Erfolg wertorientierter Personalarbeit nicht zuletzt als das Resultat einer umfassenden sozial-organisationalen Integrationsleistung, die kollektive Mythen mit individuellen Akteursinteressen organisationsstrukturell koppelt.
Children's descriptions of their firesetting incidents: characteristics and relationship to recidivism.

OBJECTIVE The primary purpose of the study was to identify characteristics of children's firesetting incidents and examine the relationship of reported characteristics to psychopathology and firesetting history. METHOD A sample of 95 firesetters were interviewed using the Fire Incident Analysis for Children (FIAC). Other child or parent measures were obtained reflecting behavioral correlates and risk factors for firesetting at initial assessment, and firesetting history measures at 2-year follow-up. RESULTS Access to incendiaries, lack of child remorse and parental consequences, and motives of curiosity and fun were commonly reported characteristics. Certain firesetting characteristics were associated with follow-up recidivism. Repeat versus single-incident firesetters at initial assessment were similar in firesetting characteristics but differed in measures of psychopathology and follow-up recidivism. CONCLUSIONS Children can report on personal and environmental details of their firesetting incidents, which may help to identify those children most at-risk for setting an additional fire. The findings bear implications for understanding firesetting risk-assessment measures, the role of specialized child interviews, and potential predictors of firesetting recidivism among children.
A Genome-Wide Association Study of Emphysema and Airway Quantitative Imaging Phenotypes.

RATIONALE Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is defined by the presence of airflow limitation on spirometry, yet subjects with COPD can have marked differences in computed tomography imaging. These differences may be driven by genetic factors. We hypothesized that a genome-wide association study (GWAS) of quantitative imaging would identify loci not previously identified in analyses of COPD or spirometry. In addition, we sought to determine whether previously described genome-wide significant COPD and spirometric loci were associated with emphysema or airway phenotypes. OBJECTIVES To identify genetic determinants of quantitative imaging phenotypes. METHODS We performed a GWAS on two quantitative emphysema and two quantitative airway imaging phenotypes in the COPDGene (non-Hispanic white and African American), ECLIPSE (Evaluation of COPD Longitudinally to Identify Predictive Surrogate Endpoints), NETT (National Emphysema Treatment Trial), and GenKOLS (Genetics of COPD, Norway) studies and on percentage gas trapping in COPDGene. We also examined specific loci reported as genome-wide significant for spirometric phenotypes related to airflow limitation or COPD. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS The total sample size across all cohorts was 12,031, of whom 9,338 were from COPDGene. We identified five loci associated with emphysema-related phenotypes, one with airway-related phenotypes, and two with gas trapping. These loci included previously reported associations, including the HHIP, 15q25, and AGER loci, as well as novel associations near SERPINA10 and DLC1. All previously reported COPD and a significant number of spirometric GWAS loci were at least nominally (P < 0.05) associated with either emphysema or airway phenotypes. CONCLUSIONS Genome-wide analysis may identify novel risk factors for quantitative imaging characteristics in COPD and also identify imaging features associated with previously identified lung function loci.
Sensitivity of the Colorado plateau to change: climate, ecosystems, and society

The Colorado Plateau is located in the interior, dry end of two moisture trajectories coming from opposite directions, which have made this region a target for unusual climate fluctuations. A multidecadal drought event some 850 years ago may have eliminated maize cultivation by the first human settlers of the Colorado Plateau, the Fremont and Anasazi people, and contributed to the abandonment of their settlements. Even today, ranching and farming are vulnerable to drought and struggle to persist. The recent use of the Colorado Plateau primarily as rangeland has made this region less tolerant to drought due to unprecedented levels of surface disturbances that destroy biological crusts, reduce soil carbon and nitrogen stocks, and increase rates of soil erosion. The most recent drought of 2002 demonstrated the vulnerability of the Colorado Plateau in its currently depleted state and the associated costs to the local economies. New climate predictions for the southwestern United States include the possibility of a long-term shift to warmer, more arid conditions, punctuated by megadroughts not seen since medieval times. It remains to be seen whether the present-day extractive industries, aided by external subsidies, can persist in a climate regime that apparently exceeded the adaptive capacities of the Colorado Plateau’s prehistoric agriculturalists.
Downsizing The News: Network Cutbacks in the Nation's Capital

This text is based on one-to-one interviews conducted from 1991 to 1993 with Washington TV News correspondents, editors, and producers. In their own words these news professionals describe the reduction in resources devoted to covering Congress, the downgrading of the State Department and Supreme Courtbeats, news reporters' conflicts with the Clinton Whitehouse, and the difficulties in obtaining information from government officials of every rank. Often expressing frustration - and even hostility - toward the New York-based executives who "manage" the evening news, Washington's broadcast journalists decry sinking standards, as their ability to inform citizens is sacrificed to material calulated to preserve dwindling audiences.
The relationship between the use of information systems and the performance of strategic decision-making processes : an empirical analysis

Strategic decision makers typically use a wide range of communication and information media in complex, uncertain and often ambiguous or politically charged organizational contexts. However, little help is available in ensuring that their information behaviour is efficient and effective. This study evaluates the use of information systems (IS) as communication media in strategic decision-making processes (SDMPs), focusing on strategic information processing, and how context affects its performance. The analysed strategic decisions (n = 113) were taken in the time period between 2000 and 2008 in large Western organisations. The aim of this investigation was to look at the link between the use of IS during the decision-making process and the performance of the SDMP, taking into account internal and external contextual factors. Using existing information processing theory and research on the SDMP as a theoretical basis, hypotheses were developed and environmental contingencies and political information behaviour were selected as moderating effects on the relationship of IS use and the performance of strategic decisions. A survey and complementary semi-structured interviews were conducted, which studied particular strategic decisions through quantitative and qualitative methods. Results provide support for a number of the study’s hypotheses; however, several interesting findings regarding contextual factors, such as information anarchy and environmental munificence/hostility, do not support the hypotheses. Implications for theory and practice concerning information behaviour and its context are discussed.
A review of wheat diseases-a field perspective.

Wheat is one of the primary staple foods throughout the planet. Significant yield gains in wheat production over the past 40 years have resulted in a steady balance of supply versus demand. However, predicted global population growth rates and dietary changes mean that substantial yield gains over the next several decades will be needed to meet this escalating demand. A key component to meeting this challenge is better management of fungal incited diseases, which can be responsible for 15%-20% yield losses per annum. Prominent diseases of wheat that currently contribute to these losses include the rusts, blotches and head blight/scab. Other recently emerged or relatively unnoticed diseases, such as wheat blast and spot blotch, respectively, also threaten grain production. This review seeks to provide an overview of the impact, distribution and management strategies of these diseases. In addition, the biology of the pathogens and the molecular basis of their interaction with wheat are discussed.
Education of farm children

In this paper we examined educational participation by farm children, from two small areas in the West of Ireland. There has been a dramatic increase in participation, especially since the introduction of free post-primary education in 1967. This reflects the changing ability of parents to afford education for their children. Participation on smaller farms was lower than on larger farms up to 1967, but since that time it has almost equalised. Differences between those from smaller as compared to larger farms up to 1967 reflected the relative ability of parents to afford education. The pattern since 1967 shows how public policy can bring about equalisation of opportunities between families. Differences associated with children's occupations still persist. Non-farming daughters had more education than non-farming sons, who are more concentrated in manual occupations which have lower formal education requirements. In attempting to ensure access to occupations parents give daughters more education. Sons entering farming had least education but their access to farming is assured by gift or inheritance. The differential allocation of education reflects the efforts of parents to equalise occupational opportunities among their children.
Margin call stock loans

Optimal stopping and mathematical finance are intimately connected since the value of an American option is given as the solution to an optimal stopping problem. Such a problem can be viewed as a game in which we are trying to maximize an expected reward. The solution involves finding the best possible strategy, or equivalently, an optimal stopping time for the game. Moreover, the reward corresponding to this optimal time should be determined. It is also of interest to know how the solution depends on the model parameters. For example, when pricing and hedging an American option, the volatility needs to be estimated and it is of great practical importance to know how the price and hedging portfolio are affected by a possible misspecification.The first paper of this thesis investigates the performance of the delta hedging strategy for a class of American options with non-convex payoffs. It turns out that an option writer who overestimates the volatility will obtain a superhedge for the option when using the misspecified hedging portfolio.In the second paper we consider the valuation of a so-called stock loan when the lender is allowed to issue a margin call. We show that the price of such an instrument is equivalent to that of an American down-and-out barrier option with a rebate. The value of this option is determined explicitly together with the optimal repayment strategy of the stock loan.The third paper considers the problem of how to optimally stop a Brownian bridge. A finite horizon optimal stopping problem like this can rarely be solved explicitly. However, one expects the value function and the optimal stopping boundary to satisfy a time-dependent free boundary problem. By assuming a special form of the boundary, we are able to transform this problem into one which does not depend on time and solving this we obtain candidates for the value function and the boundary. Using stochastic calculus we then verify that these indeed satisfy our original problem.In the fourth paper we consider an investor wanting to take advantage of a mispricing in the market by purchasing a bull spread, which is liquidated in case of a market downturn. We show that this can be formulated as an optimal stopping problem which we then, using similar techniques as in the third paper, solve explicitly.In the fifth and final paper we study convexity preservation of option prices in a model with jumps. This is done by finding a sufficient condition for the no-crossing property to hold in a jump-diffusion setting.