Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
1 Phosphate Detection in Hydroponics using 2 Molecularly Imprinted Polymer Sensors 3

An interdigitated electrode sensor was designed and microfabricated for measuring the 11 changes in the capacitance of three phosphate selective molecularly imprinted polymer (MIP) 12 formulations, in order to provide hydroponics users with a portable nutrient sensing tool. The 13 MIPs investigated were synthesised using different combinations of the functional monomers 14 methacrylic acid (MAA) and N-allylthiourea, against the template molecules diphenyl phosphate, 15 triethyl phosphate and trimethyl phosphate. A cross-interference study between phosphate, nitrate 16 and sulfate was carried out for the MIP materials using an inductance, capacitance and resistance 17 (LCR) meter. Capacitance measurements were taken applying an alternating current (AC) with a 18 potential difference of 1 V root mean square (RMS) at a frequency of 1 kHz. The cross-interference 19 study demonstrated a strong binding preference to phosphate over the other nutrient salts tested 20 for each formulation. The size of template molecule and length of the functional monomer side 21 groups also determined that a combination of a short chain functional monomer in combination 22 with a template containing large R-groups produced the optimal binding site conditions when 23 synthesising a phosphate selective MIP. 24
The Awakening of the Attention: Evidence for a Link Between the Monitoring of Mind Wandering and Prospective Goals

Across 2 independent samples, we examined the relation between individual differences in rates of self-caught mind wandering and individual differences in temporal monitoring of an unrelated response goal. Rates of self-caught mind wandering were assessed during a commonly used sustained-attention task, and temporal goal monitoring was indexed during a well-established prospective-memory task. The results from both samples showed a positive relation between rates of self-caught mind wandering during the sustained-attention task and rates of checking a clock to monitor the amount of time remaining before a response was required in the prospective-memory task. This relation held even when controlling for overall propensity to mind-wander (indexed by intermittent thought probes) and levels of motivation (indexed by subjective reports). These results suggest the possibility that there is a common monitoring system that monitors the contents of consciousness and the progress of ongoing goals and tasks.
Phylogenetic diversity of the bacterial community from a microbial mat at an active, hydrothermal vent system, Loihi Seamount, Hawaii

The phylogenetic diversity of small-subunit rRNA genes associated with the domain Bacteria was examined (by using previously defined operational taxonomic units [C. L. Moyer, F.C. Dobbs, and D. M. Karl, Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 60:871-879, 1994]; those for Pele's Vents Bacteria are hereafter abbreviated PVB OTUs) with samples from a microbial mat at an active, deep-sea hydrothermal vent system. A cluster of phylogenetically related PVB OTUs (OTUs 2, 3, 6, and 8) was closely affiliated with Thiovulum sp. contained within the epsilon subclass of the class Proteobacteria and accounted for 60.5% of the small-subunit rRNA bacterial clone library from Pele's Vents. A second, smaller cluster of PVB OTUs (OTUs 1 and 11) was closely affiliated with Xanthomonas sp. , contained within the gamma subclass of the Proteobacteria and accounted for a total of 27.1% of the bacterial clone library. The remaining five PVB OTUs each accounted for 2.1% of the clones recovered and were affiliated with the following phylogenetic groups: PVB OTU 5 was a member of the Alteromonas group; PVB OTU 12 was a member of the Colwellia assemblage; PVB OTU 4 was loosely determined to be a member of the Thiothrix group, with the endosymbiotic bacteria from Bathymodiolus thermophilus and Calyptogena magnifica as the nearest relatives; PVB OTU 10B was a member of the Myxobacterium group; and PVB OTU 9A was a member of the Paraphyletic assemblage, with the Octopus Spring microbial mat type K clone as the closest known relative. (ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
The role of semantically related distractors during encoding and retrieval of words in long-term memory

We examined the influence of divided attention (DA) on recognition of words when the concurrent task was semantically related or unrelated to the to-be-recognised target words. Participants were asked to either study or retrieve a target list of semantically related words while simultaneously making semantic decisions (i.e., size judgements) to another set of related or unrelated words heard concurrently. We manipulated semantic relatedness of distractor to target words, and whether DA occurred during the encoding or retrieval phase of memory. Recognition accuracy was significantly diminished relative to full attention, following DA conditions at encoding, regardless of relatedness of distractors to study words. However, response times (RTs) were slower with related compared to unrelated distractors. Similarly, under DA at retrieval, recognition RTs were slower when distractors were semantically related than unrelated to target words. Unlike the effect from DA at encoding, recognition accuracy was worse under DA at retrieval when the distractors were related compared to unrelated to the target words. Results suggest that availability of general attentional resources is critical for successful encoding, whereas successful retrieval is particularly reliant on access to a semantic code, making it sensitive to related distractors under DA conditions.
Development of a Domain-Specific Language for Run-Time Process Modelling

Wearable devices pose novel challenges to the BPM field. The advanced functionality in combination with the increased mobility has rendered devices such as smart glasses particularly suited for mobile process support. However, whereas this support is predominantly limited to information provision and workflow management, the glasses’ capability to be utilized for actual process modelling has yet to be investigated. As a first step, this paper proposes an outlook on the development of a process modelling language that is specifically tailored towards the application domain smart glasses and can be applied for both modelling and representing business processes using a glasses-based modelling environment. A demonstration case is provided to highlight the utilization of process modelling on smart glasses.
Towards Schema-independent Querying on Document Data Stores

Documents are a pervasive semi-structured data model in today's web and internet of things applications where the data structure is rapidly evolving over time. NoSQL documents stores are well tailored to efficiently load and manage large amounts of heterogeneous documents without any prior structure validations or constraints. However, this flexibility becomes a serious challenge while querying data from a heterogeneous collection of documents. Hence, it is mandatory to modify existing queries or add new ones whenever new structures are introduced in the collection. In this paper, we propose a novel approach to enable transparent querying over a heterogeneous collection of documents. We offer an automatic query enrichment mechanism that benefits from a pre-materialized dictionary gathering different possible underlying document structures. The query enrichment is automated via query operators rewriting algorithms. Also, we refer to a set of experiments to evaluate the performances of our approach over a synthetic datas
Whole-grain and fiber intake and the incidence of type 2 diabetes.

BACKGROUND Epidemiologic evidence of a preventive effect of whole grain against type 2 diabetes is mainly based on data from women. Information specific to men and women is needed. OBJECTIVE The objective was to study the relation between the intake of whole grain and fiber and the subsequent incidence of type 2 diabetes. DESIGN The design was a cohort study of 2286 men and 2030 women aged 40-69 y and initially free of diabetes. Food consumption data were collected from 1966 through 1972 with the use of a dietary history interview covering the habitual diet during the previous year. During a 10-y follow-up, incident type 2 diabetes cases were identified in 54 men and 102 women from a nationwide register. RESULTS Whole-grain consumption was associated with a reduced risk of type 2 diabetes. The relative risk (adjusted for age, sex, geographic area, smoking status, body mass index, energy intake, and intakes of vegetables, fruit, and berries) between the highest and lowest quartiles of whole-grain consumption was 0.65 (95% CI: 0.36, 1.18; P for trend = 0.02). Cereal fiber intake was also associated with a reduced risk of type 2 diabetes. The relative risk between the extreme quartiles of cereal fiber intake was 0.39 (95% CI: 0.20, 0.77; P = 0.01). CONCLUSIONS An inverse association between whole-grain intake and the risk of type 2 diabetes was found. The similar result for cereal fiber intake suggests that the whole-grain association is due to cereal fiber or another factor related to cereal fiber intake.
What We Talk About When We Talk About Information Retrieval

The field of information retrieval (IR) is typically defined, in a variety of different wordings, as concerned with retrieval of documents that satisfy an information need. In this essay, I argue that these definitions are inaccurate, fail to capture major threads of activity in IR research, and in particular are flawed because they omit the element of human participation in the retrieval process. After outlining some perspectives to consider in formulating better definitions, I offer an option, as an illustration of how the field might be presented; this option is centred on the purpose of IR, namely, support of cognition. There is an obvious need for a clear statement of the purpose of the discipline: information access is recognized as a human right and IR is the basis of a critical technology for providing that access -- one that is deeply intertwined with daily life and is changing human psychology. Well-grounded descriptions can encourage IR researchers to embrace a view of the field that enables richer connection with other disciplines, and should embody a vision of what IR research can accomplish.
Biomarkers and diagnosis of congenital disorders of glycosylation.

BACKGROUND Congenital disorders of glycosylation (CDG) are clinically and biochemically versatile disorders affecting the N- or O-glycosylation of proteins or lipids. The rapidly growing number of distinct CDG increasingly makes clear that a comprehensive screening for the vast majority of CDG is not possible on a simple basis. OBJECTIVE The prevailing methods for the screening and the diagnosis of CDG are presented, showing the potential and the limits of the diagnostic and screening tools used, orientated at suitability for daily use. CONCLUSION Although valid and comprehensive diagnostic tests for CDG type I exist, there are limitations in the diagnosis of CDG type II, and many undiagnosed CDG type IIs must be expected. The apparent limitations of the methods used at present imply a necessity for new and broad diagnostic tools that comprise modern methodology to meet the requirements for screening tools.
Seasonal Control of Mammalian Energy Balance: Recent Advances in the Understanding of Daily Torpor and Hibernation

Endothermic mammals and birds require intensive energy turnover to sustain high body temperatures and metabolic rates. To cope with the energetic bottlenecks associated with the change of seasons, and to minimise energy expenditure, complex mechanisms and strategies are used, such as daily torpor and hibernation. During torpor, metabolic depression and low body temperatures save energy. However, these bouts of torpor, lasting for hours to weeks, are interrupted by active ‘euthermic’ phases with high body temperatures. These dynamic transitions require precise communication between the brain and peripheral tissues to defend rheostasis in energetics, body mass and body temperature. The hypothalamus appears to be the major control centre in the brain, coordinating energy metabolism and body temperature. The sympathetic nervous system controls body temperature by adjustments of shivering and nonshivering thermogenesis, with the latter being primarily executed by brown adipose tissue. Over the last decade, comparative physiologists have put forward integrative studies on the ecophysiology, biochemistry and molecular regulation of energy balance in response to seasonal challenges, food availability and ambient temperature. Mammals coping with such environments comprise excellent model organisms for studying the dynamic regulation of energy metabolism. Beyond the understanding of how animals survive in nature, these studies also uncover general mechanisms of mammalian energy homeostasis. This research will benefit efforts of translational medicine aiming to combat emerging human metabolic disorders. The present review focuses on recent advances in the understanding of energy balance and its neuronal and endocrine control during the most extreme metabolic fluctuations in nature: daily torpor and hibernation.
Biological Consequences of Ancient Gene Acquisition and Duplication in the Large Genome of Candidatus Solibacter usitatus Ellin6076

Members of the bacterial phylum Acidobacteria are widespread in soils and sediments worldwide, and are abundant in many soils. Acidobacteria are challenging to culture in vitro, and many basic features of their biology and functional roles in the soil have not been determined. Candidatus Solibacter usitatus strain Ellin6076 has a 9.9 Mb genome that is approximately 2–5 times as large as the other sequenced Acidobacteria genomes. Bacterial genome sizes typically range from 0.5 to 10 Mb and are influenced by gene duplication, horizontal gene transfer, gene loss and other evolutionary processes. Our comparative genome analyses indicate that the Ellin6076 large genome has arisen by horizontal gene transfer via ancient bacteriophage and/or plasmid-mediated transduction, and widespread small-scale gene duplications, resulting in an increased number of paralogs. Low amino acid sequence identities among functional group members, and lack of conserved gene order and orientation in regions containing similar groups of paralogs, suggest that most of the paralogs are not the result of recent duplication events. The genome sizes of additional cultured Acidobacteria strains were estimated using pulsed-field gel electrophoresis to determine the prevalence of the large genome trait within the phylum. Members of subdivision 3 had larger genomes than those of subdivision 1, but none were as large as the Ellin6076 genome. The large genome of Ellin6076 may not be typical of the phylum, and encodes traits that could provide a selective metabolic, defensive and regulatory advantage in the soil environment.
Living on the bottom: Kinematics of benthic station‐holding in darter fishes (Percidae: Etheostomatinae)

Darters represent a substantial radiation of freshwater fishes that live in close association with the substrate in North American streams and rivers. A key feature of any darter species is therefore its ability to stay in place or to “hold station” in flowing water. Here, we quantify the station‐holding performance of two morphologically divergent darter species, the fantail darter Etheostoma flabellare and the Missouri saddled darter Etheostoma tetrazonum. We also characterize the primary kinematic responses of the two species when holding station in flow speeds ranging from 4 to 56 cm s−1 in a flow tank on either plexiglas or small rock substrate. We then present a series of hypotheses about the potential hydrodynamic and functional consequences of the observed postural changes and the links among morphology, posture, and station‐holding performance. On both substrates, E. tetrazonum was able to hold station at higher flow speeds than E. flabellare. On rocks, E. tetrazonum slipped at an average speed of 55.7 cm s−1 whereas E. flabellare slipped at 40.2 cm s−1. On plexiglas, E. tetrazonum slipped at an average speed of 24.7 cm s−1 whereas E. flabellare slipped at 23.1 cm s−1. We measured body and fin positions of the two species from individual frames of high‐speed video while holding station on rocks and plexiglas. We found that on both substrates, the two species generally exhibited similar kinematic responses to increasing flow: the head was lowered and angled downward, the back became more arched, and the median and caudal fin rays contracted as water flow speed increased. The ventral halves of the pectoral fins were also expanded and the dorsal halves contracted. These changes in posture and fin position likely increase negative lift forces thereby increasing substrate contact forces and reducing the probability of downstream slip. J. Morphol. , 2010. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Perceptions of Community-Dwelling Patients and Their Physicians on OxyContin® Discontinuation and the Impact on Chronic Pain Management

OxyContin, formerly one of the most commonly prescribed medications for chronic pain in Canada, was discontinued, delisted from the Ontario Drug Formulary, and replaced by a tamper-resistant formulation in 2012. The impact of discontinuing OxyContin on patients formerly prescribed it to treat chronic pain was unreported. Patients with chronic pain aged 45 years and over (n = 13) were recruited from two primary care and one specialty practice sites and interviewed using a semistructured guide to capture their experiences with discontinuing OxyContin, the efficacy of alternate medications, and relationships with physicians. Additional interviews were conducted with their physicians (n = 7) to obtain physician perceptions on discontinuation and to expand understanding of the patients' experiences. Aspects of patients' pain and medical care through the discontinuation process revealed emergent themes that both converge and diverge from that of treating physicians. Areas of divergence include the motive for discontinuation, which was condemned by most patients but supported by all physicians, and the perceived impact of discontinuance on pain control, with the majority of patients experiencing a negative impact and most physicians describing it as insignificant. Perceptions of patients and physicians coincided on the need to optimize pain management practices.
Speciation with Gene Flow in North American Myotis Bats

Abstract Growing evidence supports the idea that species can diverge in the presence of gene flow. However, most methods of phylogeny estimation do not consider this process, despite the fact that ignoring gene flow is known to bias phylogenetic inference. Furthermore, studies that do consider divergence‐with‐gene‐flow typically do so by estimating rates of gene flow using a isolation‐with‐migration model (IM), rather than evaluating scenarios of gene flow (such as divergence‐with‐gene flow or secondary contact) that represent very different types of diversification. In this investigation, we aim to infer the recent phylogenetic history of a clade of western long‐eared bats while evaluating a number of different models that parameterize gene flow in a variety of ways. We utilize PHRAPL, a new tool for phylogeographic model selection, to compare the fit of a broad set of demographic models that include divergence, migration, or both among Myotis evotis, M. thysanodes and M. keenii. A genomic data set consisting of 808 loci of ultraconserved elements was used to explore such models in three steps using an incremental design where each successive set was informed by, and thus more focused than, the previous set of models. Specifically, the three steps were to (i) assess whether gene flow should be modeled and identify the best topologies, (ii) infer directionality of migration using the best topologies, and (iii) estimate the timing of gene flow. The best model (AIC model weight ∼0.98) included two divergence events ((M. evotis, M. thysanodes), M. keenii) accompanied by gene flow at the initial stages of divergence. These results provide a striking example of speciation‐with‐gene‐flow in an evolutionary lineage.
Feasibility and Acceptability of Qigong Exercise in Community-Dwelling Older Adults in the United States.

OBJECTIVES Qigong exercise has been shown to improve physical and psychological well-being in adults with chronic conditions, but little is known about the feasibility and acceptability of engaging in a qigong exercise program in community-dwelling older adults in the United States. The purpose of this study was to explore the feasibility, acceptance, and adherence to an 8-week qigong exercise intervention in community-dwelling American older adults. DESIGN An exploratory study design. SETTING Two senior centers in southern Connecticut. SUBJECTS Forty-five community-dwelling older adults aged 65 to 85 years enrolled. INTERVENTION A supervised 1-h health qigong exercise session twice weekly for 8 weeks. OUTCOME MEASURES An investigator-designed questionnaire with seven items that were rated on a 1 to 6 scale, with higher scores indicating better results, and nine open-ended questions were used to obtain data on feasibility and acceptability. Adherence was calculated as the proportion of the 16 planned sessions attended. RESULTS Of the 45 older adults enrolled, 6 never started and 6 withdrew, with 33 evaluable at the end of the intervention. The mean age of the sample was 74.8 years; the majority were female (84.4%) and white (91.1%). Mean scores on aspects of difficulty, acceptability, suitability, or effectiveness of qigong exercise were all ≥5. Participants identified benefits of qigong exercise, such as calming and relaxing feelings, inner peace, better balance, and flexibility. Attendance rate was 78.8%, with 94% performing qigong exercise at least once weekly outside the class. All participants indicated that they would recommend qigong exercise to others. No adverse events occurred. CONCLUSION An 8-week qigong exercise program was feasible, acceptable, and safe for American older adults. Future robust randomized controlled trials are needed to confirm these findings.
Bus-driven floorplanning

In this paper, we present an integrated approach for floorplanning and bus planning, i.e., bus-driven floorplanning (BDF). We are given a set of circuit blocks and the bus specifications (i.e., the net list of blocks for the buses). A feasible BDF solution is a placement of all circuit blocks such that each bus can be realized as a rectangular strip (horizontal or vertical) going through all the blocks connected by the bus. The objective is to determine a feasible BDF solution that minimizes the floorplan area and the total bus area. Our approach is based upon the sequence-pair floorplan representation. After a careful analysis of the relationship between bus ordering and block ordering in the floorplan represented by a sequence pair, we derive feasibility conditions on sequence pairs that give feasible BDF solutions. Experimental results demonstrate the efficiency and effectiveness of our algorithm.