Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Mechanism of polarized lysosome exocytosis in epithelial cells

Summary Fusion of lysosomes with the plasma membrane is a calcium-dependent process that is crucial for membrane repair, limiting pathogen entry and clearing cellular debris. In non-polarized cells, lysosome exocytosis facilitates rapid resealing of torn membranes. Here, we investigate the mechanism of lysosome exocytosis in polarized epithelia, the main barrier between the organism and the external environment and the first line of defense against pathogens. We find that in polarized Madin-Darby canine kidney (MDCK) cells, calcium ionophores or pore-forming toxins cause lysosomes to fuse predominantly with the basolateral membrane. This polarized exocytosis is regulated by the actin cytoskeleton, membrane cholesterol and the clathrin adaptor AP-1. Depolymerization of actin, but not microtubules, causes apical lysosome fusion, supporting the hypothesis that cortical actin is a barrier to exocytosis. Overloading lysosomes with cholesterol inhibits exocytosis, suggesting that excess cholesterol paralyzes lysosomal traffic. The clathrin adaptor AP-1 is responsible for accurately targeting syntaxin 4 to the basolateral domain. In cells lacking either the ubiquitous AP-1A or the epithelial-specific AP-1B, syntaxin 4 is non-polar. This causes lysosomes to fuse with both the apical and basolateral membranes. Consistent with these findings, RNAi-mediated depletion of syntaxin 4 inhibits basolateral exocytosis in wild-type MDCK, and both apical and basolateral exocytosis in cells lacking AP-1A or AP-1B. Our results provide fundamental insight into the molecular machinery involved in membrane repair in polarized epithelia and suggest that AP-1 is a crucial regulator of this process.
Empowering Cities for Sustainable Wellbeing

Quality of life in cities can be improved through reshaping and advancing urban spaces with seamless persuasive and socially influencing strategies for empowering people to succeed in achieving better lifestyles. This vision aims at helping people to acquire healthy and resource-efficient everyday routines, thus leading to prosperous and sustainable societies. Urban engineers and technology developers are oftentimes unaware of how diversely their innovations will affect lives of many people. Therefore, this research is focused on investigating and designing ways how urban environments can be retrofitted and complemented with persuasive technology and socially influencing systems to facilitate societal changes at scale. Outcomes of this research are instrumental for various contexts, including health, mobility, education, energy and water conservation, safety, emergency management, ecology, and economy. Ultimately, more refined scientific knowledge on how to design empowering cities has to be generated and translated into applicable guidelines for practice to foster their emergence.
Het meten van effecten van gevangenisstraf op crimineel gedrag in een niet-experimentele studie

Summary Estimating the effect of imprisonment on criminal behavior in a non-experimental study Using data from the Criminal Career and Life-course Study (CCLS) we examined the effect of firsttime imprisonment between ages 26-28. Simply comparing recidivism rates of ex-prisoners with offenders who have not been incarcerated would lead to biased estimates since imprisonment is likely to be meted out disproportionately to those offenders most likely to recidivate. Our results show firsttime imprisonment to have a criminogenic effect. The rise in conviction rates for ex-prisoners is largest when compared to offenders who had similar offending trajectories up to age 25, but were not convicted in the 26-28 period. Comparisons with offenders who were convicted but not imprisoned show a smaller, but still highly significant increase.
Architectures of Knowledge: Firms, Capabilities, and Communities

In Architectures of Knowledge . Ash Amin and Patrick Cohendet argue that the time is right for research to explore the relationship between two other dimensions of knowledge in order to explain the innovative performance of firms: between knowledge that is 'possessed' and knowledge that is 'practised' generally within communities of like-minded employees in a firm. The impetus behind this argument is both conceptual and empirical. Conceptually, there is a need to explore the interaction of knowledge that firms possess in the form of established competences or stored memory, with the knowing that occurs in distributed communities through the conscious and unconscious acts of social interaction. Empirically, the impetus comes from the challenge faced by firms to the hierarchically defined architecture that bring together specialized units of (possessed) knowledge and the distributed and always unstable architecture of knowledge that draws on the continuously changing capacity of interpretation among actors. In this book, these questions of the dynamics of innovating/learning through practices of knowing, and the management of the interface between transactional and knowledge imperatives, are approached in a cross-disciplinary and empirically grounded manner. The book is the synthesis of an innovative encounter between a socio-spatial theorist and an economist. The book results from the delicate interplay between two very different epistemologies and consequent positions, but which progressively converged towards what is hoped to be a novel vision. The book begins by explaining why knowledge is becoming more of a core element of the value-generating process in the economy, then juxtaposes the economic and cognitive theorisations of knowledge in firms with pragmatic and socially grounded theorisations and a critical exploration of the neglected dimension of the spatiality of knowledge formation in firms. The book concludes by discussing the corporate governance implications of learning based on competences and communities, and a how national science and technology policies might respond to the idea of learning as a distributed, non-cognitive, practice-based phenomenon.
Bipolar disorder in older adults: a critical review.

OBJECTIVES The goal of this article is to provide a comprehensive critical review of studies reporting the prevalence, features, age of onset, course, comorbidity, and neuropsychology of, as well as service utilization, in bipolar disorder in older age. METHODS We searched the Medline, Pubmed, and PsycINFO databases using combinations of the keywords 'Bipolar', 'Manic/a', 'Manic Depression', 'Elderly', and 'Older'. We included English-language reports presenting quantitative data on the prevalence and/or any descriptive information about adults with bipolar disorder over age 50. Findings from similar studies were pooled when possible. A total of 61 studies met our broad criteria. RESULTS Common methodological problems in the published studies included small sample sizes, retrospective chart review, lack of standardized measures, overemphasis on inpatients, and dearth of longitudinal data. Strong evidence indicates that bipolar disorder becomes less common with age, accounts for 8-10% of late life psychiatric admissions, is associated with neurologic factors in late-onset groups, and is a heterogeneous life-long illness. Weak or inconsistent evidence was found for a higher prevalence of mixed episodes in older adults, a lower treatment response, and the association with lower family history in late-onset groups. Minimal information is available on bipolar depression in late life. CONCLUSIONS Bipolar disorder in old age is a growing public health problem. Greater research on bipolar disorder in older people will assist in enhancing services to this group as well as inform research on bipolar disorder across the life span.
Dwelling on Common Ground: Scientific and Family Narratives of Change in Natural Landscapes

Can mapping past and current changes in prairie landscapes in relation to historical shifts in human culture suggest promising directions for efforts to restore the health of grasslands and other natural communities? During the last 20,000 years the Land shifted and altered; during the past 10,000 years Life moved and migrated; and during the past 5,000 years natural and human Law has been turned and twisted to produce changes unanticipated in the history of the world. In the past 500 years these changes have quickened as we have changed ourselves from foragers into fur traders, and then into farmers, foresters, financiers and fina lly into fun~seekers, overrunning the Land and other Life. As our contact and connection with the Land has become more specialized and more distant, as the balance and integrity of the Land continues to fragment, our own health and happiness declines as family life deteriorates. Is there a way to transform our current destructive use into efforts that are more creatively restorative ? In the last few decades we have concerned ourselves with the basic problem of the unavoidable effects of human population density (e.g., habitat loss and global warming), the critical challenge of how we partner and to what we become attached (e.g., cars as opposed to walking), and an appreciation of the power of group consensus and action (preserving ecologies as opposed to oil exploration) . Can we shift our perceptions in ways that benefit natural communities? Conceptual schemes used in the natural sciences to organize understanding of the relations among species and habitats have not been integrated with sophisticated conceptualizations used in the psychological and social sciences that might better define threats to natural communities posed by human motivations and activities. When human population densities, movements, and activities are considered in such an integrated manner, the social potential for restoration efforts may be enhanced in powerful ways. This paper explores change as disturbance by proposing a comprehensive mapping of conditions, connections, commu~ nities and contexts affecting both grasslands and fam ilies. It offers specific suggestions to counter the destruction of healthy grassland and family systems by strengthening their positive relations with one another. The primary propo~ sit ion is that families are the basic unit of care and connection in our communities. If family life is the primary rela~ t ional process that determines and transmits our most valued participations in natural communities across generations through children, then perhaps we must re~ba lance our efforts, shifting a substantial portion of our focus upon indi~ viduals and groups toward child, couple-centered, and family centered relations with the Land that are intergenerationally sustainable. Perhaps it is possible that connecting with and caring for the Land can uncover greater connection and caring for one another, especially within the context of family, school, and neighborhood life.
DoS Attacks on Real-Time Media through Indirect Contention-in-Hosts

Quality of service (QoS) is critical for delivering real-time media services (RTMSs). The authors identify a new class of denial-of-service attacks against RTMSs - indirect contention-in-hosts (ICiH). Here, attackers attempt to indirectly degrade RTMS QoS by directing packets at other concurrent services, thereby inducing resource contention between RTMS packets and attack packets in the protocol stack. To analyze such attacks, the authors' operation-trace analysis method formalizes the notion of contention among concurrent services and develops several metrics to quantify ICiH's effects.
ARTHROPOD TRANSMISSION OF RABBIT PAPILLOMATOSIS

The virus of rabbit papillomatosis, a neoplastic disease studied intensively in relation to cancer because of its tendency toward malignant transformation, has been successfully transmitted by Aedes aegypti, Rhodnius prolixus, and Triatoma infestans from papillomas induced in cottontail rabbits, and by the first species mentioned, from papillomas induced in domestic rabbits. This was accomplished by interrupted feeding, feeding after an interval of several days from the infective meal, or by application of a suspension of the mouthparts of the insects either immediately after their infective meal or several days later. Insect transmission was also successful from the satellite growths resulting from subcutaneous extensions of the typical papillomas of infected cottontails, and from certain peculiar, subcutaneous nodules, arising rapidly after infection, and not heretofore described. Although the latter growths resembled rabbit fibromas, antibodies to fibroma virus could not be demonstrated by neutralization tests with the sera of the animals involved.
Generation of explicit knowledge from empirical data through pruning of trainable neural networks

This paper presents a generalized technology of extraction of explicit knowledge from data. The main ideas are: 1) maximal reduction of network complexity (not only removal of neurons or synapses, but removal all the unnecessary elements and signals and reduction of the complexity of elements); 2) using of adjustable and flexible pruning process (the user should have a possibility to prune network on his own way in order to achieve a desired network structure for the purpose of extraction of rules of desired type and form); and 3) extraction of rules not in predetermined but any desired form. Some considerations and notes about network architecture and training process and applicability of currently developed pruning techniques and rule extraction algorithms are discussed. This technology, being developed by us for more than 10 years, allowed us to create dozens of knowledge-based expert systems.
Comparison of Differently Lined Paper on Letter Production Quality in First Graders

The purpose of this study was to examine handwriting production of first grade students using differently lined paper. Two groups of first grade students were assessed with the Minnesota Handwriting Assessment. The first group printed on a four-lined writing grid that included top, middle, base, and descender guidelines. The second group printed on double lined paper that provided middle and base guidelines only. There was no difference between groups for legibility, form, alignment, and space as measured by the Minnesota Handwriting Assessment. There was a statistical difference noted between the two groups for size, t(63) = –4.629, p < . 001. Examination of sizing errors showed that 55% of the students in the double-lined paper group used the middle guideline as a top guideline. The results suggest that for first grade students, the number of lines on writing paper has no effect on letter legibility but can influence size. Writing paper that has both a top and a bottom guideline may be optimal for first .
In good company: The impact of perceived organizational support and positive relationships at work on turnover intentions

Purpose – This paper aims to explore the relationships among perceived organizational support, positive relationships at work and intent to turnover through a social exchange theory lens. The main contribution of this paper is the investigation of different types of positive workplace relationships on employee withdrawal behaviors. Design/methodology/approach – A 49-item survey was developed through a review of literature related to positive workplace relationships and intent to turnover. Surveys were made available to 200 healthcare employees; 73 surveys were accurately completed and used to test a mediated model of positive relationships at work. Findings – Positive relationships at work were found to have a mediating effect between perceived organizational support and intent to turnover. Additionally, perceived organizational support was found to have direct and indirect effects on intent to turnover. Practical implications – Managers can affect employees’ intentions to turnover by improving practices .
Social Television as a New Relationship between Conventional TV and the Audience: An Analysis of its Aims, Processes, and Results

Social Television comes from the interaction of recent technological improvements and new communicative designs, which leads to a different relation between conventional TV and the audience. 1) The widespread use of mobile devices gives a technological support for new consumption patterns. They have a key influence on the field of communication: they change the aims, processes, and results. Thus, they have generated a truly novel communicative phenomenon. 2) New communicative designs come to play here: a) there is an evolution in the concept of programming, b) the audience has completely changed its role, and c) new preferences come from the interplay between the programming of the TV y the active and creative responses from the audience. This new communicative phenomenon of Social TV requires an adequate framework. It comes, in my judgment, from the i°scientificationi± of a practice with the general context of communication sciences as sciences of design.
Stochastic Resonance Can Enhance Information Transmission in Neural Networks

Stochastic resonance (SR) is a noise-induced phenomenon whereby signal detection can be improved by the addition of background noise in nonlinear systems. SR can also improve the transmission of information within single neurons. Since information processing in the brain is carried out by neural networks and noise is present throughout the brain, the hypothesis that noise and coupling play an important role in the control of information processing within a population of neurons to control was tested. Using computer simulations, we investigate the effect of noise on the transmission of information in an array of neurons, known as array-enhanced SR (AESR) in an interconnected population of hippocampal neurons. A subthreshold synaptic current (signal) modeled by a filtered homogeneous Poisson process was applied to a distal position in each of the apical dendrites, while background synaptic signals (uncorrelated noise) were presented to the midpoint in the basal dendrite. The transmembrane potentials were recorded in each cell of an array of CA1 neuron models, in order to determine spike firing times and to estimate the total and noise entropies from the spike firing times. The results show that the mutual information is maximized for a specific amplitude of uncorrelated noise, implying the presence of AESR. The results also show that the maximum mutual information increases with increased numbers of neurons and the strength of connections. Moreover, the relative levels of excitation and inhibition modulate the mutual information transfer. It is concluded that uncorrelated noise can enhance information transmission of subthreshold synaptic input currents in a population of hippocampal CA1 neuron models. Therefore, endogenous neural noise could play an important role in neural tissue by modulating the transfer of information across the network.
Formal Approaches in Categorization: Adaptive clustering models of categorization

Summary Numerous proposals have been put forward concerning the nature of human category representations, ranging from rules to exemplars to prototypes. However, it is unlikely that a single, fixed form of representation is sufficient to account for the flexibility of human categories. In this chapter, we describe an alternative to these fixed-representation accounts based on the principle of adaptive clustering. The specific model we consider, SUSTAIN, represents categories in terms of feature bundles called clusters which are adaptively recruited in response to task demands. In some cases, SUSTAIN acts like an exemplar model, storing each category instance as a separate memory trace, while in others it appears more like a prototype model, extracting only the central tendency of a number of items. In addition, selective attention in the model allows it to mimic many of the behaviours associated with rule-based systems. We review a variety of evidence in support of the clustering principle, including studies of the relationship between categorization and recognition memory, changes in unsupervised category learning abilities across development, and the influence of category learning on perceptual discrimination. In each case, we show how the nature of human category representations is best accounted for using an adaptive clustering scheme. SUSTAIN is just one example of a system that casts category learning in terms of adaptive clustering, and future directions for the approach are discussed.
An investigation of the situated learnability effects of single- and dual-modal systems in education: a report of music-oriented learning environment and science computer-assisted teaching studies

The evolution of the World Wide Web has encouraged a huge surfacing of e-learning technologies over recent years. Often, such technology is rolled out devoid of consideration towards the way in which students process and assimilate information. To date, there exists inconclusive and contradictory evidence concerning learnability effects of single- and dual-model systems in education. To overcome this, we advocate that the design of e-learning systems requires a managed mix of elements grounded in cognitive psychology. In this paper, we report the results of a study concerned with determining an effective mix of multimedia elements. This is with regard to the situated learnability effects of single- and dual-modal systems tested via 'text only' and 'text and auditory-verbal' conditions. We report on these experiments using science computer-assisted teaching and music-oriented learning environment, e-learning environments developed to act as test platforms for this research. The results indicated that simultaneous presentation of identical information via text and narration was associated with enhanced learnability.
Hearing by eye 2 : advances in the psychology of speechreading and auditory-visual speech

Part 1 Audiovisual speech processing - implications for theories of speech perception: the use of auditory and visual information during phonetic processing - implications for theories of speech perception, K.P. Green language specificity in the development of auditory-visual speech perception, D. Burnham time varying information for visual speech perception, L.D. Rosenblum, H.M. Saldana. Part 2 Engineering models of visible and audiovisual speech: ten years after Summerfield - a taxonomy of models for audiovisual fusion in speech perception, J.-L. Schwartz et al computational aspects of visual speech - machines that can speechread and simualte talking faces, M. Brooke the moving face during speech Communication, K.G. Munhall, E. Vatikiotis-Bateson. Part 3 Psychological and neuropsychological factors in speechreading: conceptual constraints in sentence-based lipreading in the hearing-impaired, J. Roennberg et al effects of facial image size on visual and audiovisual speech recognition, T.R. Jordan, P.C. Sergeant how brains see speech - the cortical localization of speechreading in hearing people, R. Campbell impaired speechreading and auditory-visual speech integration in prosopagnosia, B. de Gelder et al. Part 4 Deafness, language and speechreading - speech-based approaches: what makes a good speechreader? - first you have to find one, L. Bernstein et al early lipreading ability and speech and language development of hearing-impaired pre-schoolers, B. Dodd et al. Part 5 Deafness, language and speechreading - sign and augmentation: mouth movement and signed communication, M. Marschark et al touch and auditory-visual speech perception, M. Oerlemans, P. Blamey effect of exposure to phonetically augmented lipspeech in the prelingual deaf, J. Leybaert et al.