Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Distinguishing Between Selective Sweeps and Demography Using DNA Polymorphism Data

In 2002 Kim and Stephan proposed a promising composite-likelihood method for localizing and estimating the fitness advantage of a recently fixed beneficial mutation. Here, we demonstrate that their composite-likelihood-ratio (CLR) test comparing selective and neutral hypotheses is not robust to undetected population structure or a recent bottleneck, with some parameter combinations resulting in a false positive rate of nearly 90%. We also propose a goodness-of-fit test for discriminating rejections due to directional selection (true positive) from those due to population and demographic forces (false positives) and demonstrate that the new method has high sensitivity to differentiate the two classes of rejections.
Wellness and Problem Behavior - different sides of the coin?

Data on Wellness, measured as Quality of Life (QL), and on psychopathology, measured as Internalizing (INT) and Externalizing (EXT) Problem Behavior are collected in a sample of adolescent twins pairs (n= 1050) and siblings (238 brothers and 280 sisters of twins) from the Netherlands Twin Register. The adolescents were asked to rate quality of life on a 0 to 10 scale (Cantril, 1965) and fill in the Youth Self Report (Achenbach & Rescorla., 2001)
Some Theory for Generalized Boosting Algorithms

We give a review of various aspects of boosting, clarifying the issues through a few simple results, and relate our work and that of others to the minimax paradigm of statistics. We consider the population version of the boosting algorithm and prove its convergence to the Bayes classifier as a corollary of a general result about Gauss-Southwell optimization in Hilbert space. We then investigate the algorithmic convergence of the sample version, and give bounds to the time until perfect separation of the sample. We conclude by some results on the statistical optimality of the L2 boosting.
Diagnostic Utility of Total IgE in Foods, Inhalant, and Multiple Allergies in Saudi Arabia

Objective. To assess the diagnostic significance of total IgE in foods, inhalant, and multiple allergies. Methods. Retrospective review of the laboratory records of patients who presented with clinical suspicion of food or inhalant allergy between January 2013 and December 2014. Total IgE level was defined as positive for a value >195 kU/L; and diagnosis was confirmed by the detection of specific IgE (golden standard) for at least one food or inhalant allergen and at least two allergens in multiple allergies. Results. A total of 1893 (male ratio = 0.68, mean age = 39.0 ± 19.2 years) patients were included. Total IgE had comparable sensitivity (55.8% versus 59.6%) and specificity (83.9% versus 84.4%) in food versus inhalant allergy, respectively, but a superior PPV in inhalant allergy (79.1% versus 54.4%). ROC curve analysis showed a better diagnostic value in inhalant allergies (AUC = 0.817 (95% CI = 0.796–0.837) versus 0.770 (95% CI = 0.707–0.833)). In multiple allergies, total IgE had a relatively good sensitivity (78.6%), while negative IgE testing (<195 kU/L) predicted the absence of multiple allergies with 91.5% certitude. Conclusion. Total IgE assay is not efficient as a diagnostic test for foods, inhalant, or multiple allergies. The best strategy should refer to specific IgE testing guided by a comprehensive atopic history.
Adaptive estimation of downhole pressure for Managed Pressure Drilling operations

The objective of Managed Pressure Drilling (MPD) is to enable precise control of the downhole pressure during drilling and completion operations. An essential part of an automated MPD control system is the downhole pressure estimator, usually referred to as the hydraulic model, which in most cases is the limiting factor for achievable accuracy of the system. In this paper we present a new design of an adaptive observer for online estimation of the downhole pressure in the well. Unlike conventional hydraulic models, which are based on complex partial differential equations, the adaptive observer is based on a simplified lumped model of ordinary differential equations, combined with online adaptation that tunes uncertain model parameters utilizing topside measurements. We demonstrate that the novell adaptive observer design captures the important hydraulics of MPD operations with high accuracy, and fundamentally improves the convergence rate of the parameter estimaties by using delayed observers. The results are demonstrated on field data from an offshore MPD operation.
Data cache performance evaluation : the impact of architectural issues

This paper considers a case study of cache usage showing the importance of some architecturally specific issues for performance improvement on the basis of quantitative analysis. Existing cache performance analysis methods are discussed together with the design peculiarities of the hardware used. Guidelines are given to software developers on the application of traditional cache usage techniques with respect to particular hardware designs. The importance of quantitative analysis of cache performance is outlined using a real system example.
Testing a model of witness accounts in social media

Identifying micro-bloggers who are likely witnesses to events is beneficial in numerous applications, including event detection and credibility assessment. This paper presents research in-progress on testing of a conceptual model, which defines witness and related accounts from micro-blogs about events. The case study events considered have varying spatial and temporal characteristics, and include a shark sighting, a music concert, a protest, and a cyclone. Results indicate that witnessing characteristics are influenced by numerous factors in addition to the spatial and temporal characteristics of the events, including the motivation of the witnesses themselves. Additionally, the results suggest enhancements to the conceptual model to provide a more sophisticated generic implementation, and insights for future automation approaches.
Tuberculosis and gender: exploring the patterns in a case control study in Malawi.

BACKGROUND In many populations there is an excess of tuberculosis in young women and older men. We explored possible explanations for these patterns, concentrating on human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) status, pregnancy, smoking, cooking smoke exposure, contact with tuberculosis cases within the household or outside, and gender differences in health service usage and diagnostic delay. DESIGN Case control study in Karonga District, Malawi. METHODS Cases were new tuberculosis patients with bacteriological or histological evidence of tuberculosis. Controls were selected in the community using field-based random sampling. RESULTS The study included 598 tuberculosis cases and 992 controls, with an excess of tuberculosis in young females and older males. This was more marked in HIV-positive individuals. HIV infection was a similarly strong risk factor for tuberculosis in both men and women. Tuberculosis was associated with having a family or household contact with tuberculosis for both men and women. For women, but not men, contacts outside the close family and household were also a risk factor for tuberculosis. Tuberculosis was not associated with current or recent pregnancy, or with smoking or smoke exposure. There were no differences between men and women in health service usage or delay. CONCLUSIONS In this population, HIV infection and contacts with known tuberculosis patients are important determinants of the gender distribution of cases.
Efficient live wide area VM migration with IP address change using type II hypervisor

Live wide area virtual machine migration is the transfer of a virtual machine currently running and connected to clients from one host server to another host server over a Wide Area Network. In this thesis we have designed and implemented an approach for live migration while allowing the IP address of the VM to change. Our approach is efficient and with little disruption in services. The solution is divided into three key parts, runtime state migration, persistent state migration, and network connection handling. The solution uses the type 2 hypervisor Virtual Box. The runtime state migration is executed using Virtual Box's teleportation function. The persistent state migration is split into stages executed at different point of the migration. The network connections are done using packet redirection and Dynamic DNS. Testing revealed a 358 times better in total disruption time compared to freeze and copy migration.
On the supersymplectic homogeneous superspace underlying the OSp(1/2) coherent states

In this work Onofri and Perelomov’s coherent states methods are extended to the recently introduced OSp(1/2) coherent states. These latter are shown to be parametrized by points of a supersymplectic supermanifold, namely, the OSp(1/2)/U(1) homogeneous superspace, which is clearly identified with a supercoadjoint orbit of OSp(1/2) by exhibiting the corresponding equivariant supermoment map. Moreover, this supermanifold is shown to be a nontrivial example of Rothstein’s supersymplectic supermanifolds. More precisely, it is shown that its supersymplectic structure is completely determined in terms of SU(1,1)‐invariant (but unrelated) Kahler 2‐form and Kahler metric on the unit disc. This result leads to the definition of the notions of a super‐Kahler supermanifold and a super‐Kahler superpotential, the geometric structure of the former being encoded into the latter.
On Quadratic Residue Codes and Hyperelliptic Curves

For an odd prime p and each non-empty subset S ⊂ GF(p), consider the hyperelliptic curve X_S deﬁned by y^2 = f_s(x), where f_s(x) = \P_{a2S} (x-a). Using a connection between binary quadratic residue codes and hyperelliptic curves over GF(p), this paper investigates how coding theory bounds give rise to bounds such as the following example: for all sufﬁciently large primes p there exists a subset S ⊂ GF(p) for which the bound |X_S(GF(p))| > 1.39p holds. We also use the quasi-quadratic residue codes deﬁned below to construct an example of a formally self-dual optimal code whose zeta function does not satisfy the "Riemann hypothesis. "
Understanding teacher resistance to instructional coaching

ABSTRACT Research provides strong support for the promise of coaching, or job embedded professional development, particularly on improving teachers’ classroom instruction. As part of a comprehensive professional development model, 71 middle school (grades 6–8) science, social studies, and language arts teachers were assigned to an instructional coach to support their required use of a multicomponent reading comprehension approach, Collaborative Strategic Reading. In this study, we sought to better understand the factors that influence responsiveness to coaching, focusing in particular on teachers who appeared the least receptive to collaborating with a coach to support the implementation of a new practice. Results highlight the patterns and complexities of the coaching process for 20% of the teachers in our sample who were categorized as resistant to coaching, suggesting that the one-on-one model of coaching offered in this study may not be the best fit for all teachers.
Reduction of Pain and Edema of the Legs by Walking Wearing Elastic Stockings

Aim. The objective of the current study was to evaluate the reduction of edema and pain with the use of elastic stockings. Method. The effect of walking on a treadmill for 50 minutes in the evening wearing elastic compression stockings on pain and edema was evaluated in a prospective randomized crossover clinical trial. In Assessment 1, the legs of participants were measured by volumetry at 7:00 a.m. and they were asked to perform their normal daily activities and to return at 4:00 p.m. Forty-two legs of 21 female patients with ages of the participants ranged from 32 to 72 years with signs and symptoms of chronic venous disease. The sizes of the legs of all patients were evaluated by water displacement volumetry and a visual analog scale was used to assess pain. Results. After walking for 50 minutes on the treadmill, the volume reduced (paired t-test: p value < 0.03). In relation to pain, there was a reduction in pain after the treadmill session using the elastic stocking (Wilcoxon signed rank test: p value < 0.007). Conclusion. The reduction of edema and pain of the legs during the course of the day can be accomplished with the use of elastic stockings, as well as walking.
Learning of higher-order perceptrons with tunable complexities

We study learning from examples by higher-order perceptrons, which realize polynomially separable rules. The model complexities of the networks are made 'tunable' by varying the relative orders of different monomial terms. We analyse the learning curves of higher-order perceptrons when the Gibbs algorithm is used for training. It is found that learning occurs in a stepwise manner. This is because the number of examples needed to constrain the corresponding phase-space component scales differently.
Contemporary Definitions and Classification of the Cardiomyopathies

Classifications of heart muscle diseases have proved to be exceedingly complex and in many respects contradictory. Indeed, the precise language used to describe these diseases is profoundly important. A new contemporary and rigorous classification of cardiomyopathies (with definitions) is proposed here. This reference document affords an important framework and measure of clarity to this heterogeneous group of diseases. Of particular note, the present classification scheme recognizes the rapid evolution of molecular genetics in cardiology, as well as the introduction of several recently described diseases, and is unique in that it incorporates ion channelopathies as a primary cardiomyopathy. (Circulation. 2006;113:1807-1816.)
Countercurrent Diffusion in the Renal Cortex of the Rabbit

Evidence was obtained for countercurrent diffusion of 14C-n-butanol in the rabbit renal cortex. After injection into the renal artery of perfused, isolated rabbit kidneys, concentrations of both 14C-butanol and tritiated water in the initial samples collected from the renal venous outflow exceeded those of 125I-albumin when the rate of perfusion was low. When flow was increased, the 125I-albumin curve was shifted to earlier times relative to the other labels. These observations confirm the existence of arteriovenous diffusion of 14C-butanol and tritiated water in the kidney. In a second set of experiments, 14C-butanol and tritiated water were infused for 10 or 60 seconds into the renal arteries of anesthetized rabbits, and the kidneys were then removed and frozen in liquid nitrogen. Cores were cut from the kidney surface and sectioned in a cryostat, and the ratio of 14C-butanol to tritiated water was calculated at increasing depths in the cortex. This ratio rose from 0.54 ± 0.03 (SEM) at the surface to 0.98 ± 0.07 at 3 mm beneath the surface in kidneys perfused for 10 seconds. This gradient was less steep after 60 seconds of perfusion. The early appearance of 14C-butanol relative to tritiated water in the renal venous outflow and delayed equilibration of 14C-butanol in the outer renal cortical tissue are consistent with countercurrent diffusion. It is suggested that this exchange may occur between adjoining interlobular arteries and veins in the cortex and may contribute to high carbon dioxide tensions found near the renal surface.
Workload-aware storage layout for database systems

The performance of a database system depends strongly on the layout of database objects, such as indexes or tables, onto the underlying storage devices. A good layout will both balance the I/O workload generated by the database system and avoid the performance-degrading interference that can occur when concurrently accessed objects are stored on the same volume. In current practice, layout is typically guided by heuristics and rules of thumb, such as separating indexes and tables or striping all objects across all of the available storage devices. However, these guidelines may give poor results. In this paper, we address the problem of generating an optimized layout of a given set of database objects. Our layout optimizer goes beyond generic guidelines by making use of a description of the database system's I/O activity. We formulate the layout problem as a non-linear programming (NLP) problem and use the I/O description as input to an NLP solver. Our layout optimization technique, which is incorporated into a database layout advisor, identifies a layout that both balances load and avoids interference. We evaluate experimentally the efficacy of our approach and demonstrate that it can quickly identify non-trivial optimized layouts.
Efficient Discovery of Emerging Frequent Patterns in ArbitraryWindows on Data Streams

This paper proposes an effective data mining technique for finding useful patterns in streaming sequences. At present, typical approaches to this problem are to search for patterns in a fixed-size window sliding through the stream of data being collected. The practical values of such approaches are limited in that, in typical application scenarios, the patterns are emerging and it is difficult, if not impossible, to determine a priori a suitable window size within which useful patterns may exist. It is therefore desirable to devise techniques that can identify useful patterns with arbitrary window sizes. Attempts to this problem are challenging, however, because it requires a highly efficient searching in a substantially bigger solution space. This paper presents a new method which includes firstly a pruning strategy to reduce the search space and secondly a mining strategy that adopts a dynamic index structure to allow efficient discovery of emerging patterns in a streaming sequence. Experimental results on real data and synthetic data show that the proposed method outperforms other existing schemes both in computational efficiency and effectiveness in finding useful patterns.
A Decision Theoretic Model for Stress Recognition and User Assistance

We present a general unified probabilistic decisiontheoretic model based on Influence Diagrams for simultaneously modeling both user stress recognition and user assistance. Stress recognition is achieved through dynamic probabilistic inference from the available sensory data from multiple-modality sources. User assistance is automatically achieved by balancing the benefits of improving user performance and the costs of performing user assistance. In addition, a non-invasive real-time system is built to validate the proposed framework. Utilizing the evidences from four modalities (physical appearance features, physiological measures, user performance and behavioral data), the system can successfully recognize human stress and provide timely and appropriate assistance in a task-specific environment.
Methodical challenges concerning the Draw-A-Scientist Test: a critical view about the assessment and evaluation of learners’ conceptions of scientists

ABSTRACT Students’ and pre-service teachers’ conceptions of scientists have been assessed in a variety of studies. One of the most commonly used instruments is the Draw-A-Scientist Test (DAST) which offers the advantage that no verbal skills are needed by the participants. In some studies, methodical challenges related to the DAST have been discussed; for example, the lack of drawing abilities among the subjects or the impact of the prompt itself on the drawings which lead to invalid interpretations. This study aims to evaluate the eligibility of the DAST or similar instruments to validly assess conceptions of scientists and their work. Pre-service science teachers in two cohorts (N1 = 79, N2 = 101) were prompted to draw their conceptions of a scientist, the location at which the scientist is working, and his/her scientific activity. The participants of cohort 2 were also asked to give written descriptions of their drawings and information on the conditions while they were drawing. From the results, several points of methodical criticism can be made which question the valid interpretation of DAST-drawings. Instead of using the DAST, we suggest developing and evaluating other formats, such as open-ended or closed-ended instruments which could produce a more validly interpretable assessment of individuals’ conceptions in this field.
Corporate Financial Policies in Misvalued Credit Markets

We theoretically and empirically investigate the repercussions of credit market misvaluation for a firm’s borrowing and investment decisions. Using an ex-post measure of the accuracy of credit ratings to capture debt market misvaluation, we find evidence that firms take advantage of inaccuracies by issuing more debt and increasing leverage. The result goes beyond a wealth transfer and has real investment implications: approximately 75% of the debt issuance funds increased capital expenditures and cash acquisitions. In the cross section, misvaluation affects financially constrained firms the most, supporting the theoretical prediction that debt overvaluation loosens financial constraints.
Chemokines in tumor progression and metastasis

Chemokines play a vital role in tumor progression and metastasis. Chemokines are involved in the growth of many cancers including breast cancer, ovarian cancer, pancreatic cancer, melanoma, lung cancer, gastric cancer, acute lymphoblastic leukemia, colon cancer, non-small lung cancer and non-hodgkin's lymphoma among many others. The expression of chemokines and their receptors is altered in many malignancies and leads to aberrant chemokine receptor signaling. This review focuses on the role of chemokines in key processes that facilitate tumor progression including proliferation, senescence, angiogenesis, epithelial mesenchymal transition, immune evasion and metastasis.
“Globally adept citizens?”: Varying conceptions of generic graduate attributes by high school career advisers

Research on the conceptions of generic graduate attributes has focused on employers and higher education institutions and finds inconsistent conceptions and differing values attributed to them. Little work exists surrounding those charged with advising prospective students. Adopting phenomenographic methodology, this research establishes conceptions of generic graduate attributes held by Australian career advisers in NSW secondary schools: defining and describing two outcome spaces by which generic graduate attributes are understood. Advisers see generic graduate attributes as close to personal qualities, strongly related to employment, or important for self-development. Advisers value generic graduate attributes as “minimal” or “valid”. The hierarchical nature of the categories, and dichotomy of views on valuing generic graduate attributes, demonstrate varying conceptions, ranging from simplistic to an advanced understanding surpassing those found in the policies of employers and universities. The variation suggests those charged with advising future generations do not share a common understanding of generic graduate attributes and raises critical implications for research, policy, and practice.
On the mutual information between interaction perplexity and function of proteins

We are exploring a novel information theory based approach to analyse the relation of the number of protein interactions (interaction perplexity) and protein function. The interaction perplexity is translated into a smooth sigmoid function, indicating if the protein is a hub candidate or not (hub likelihood). The overall mutual information between the hub likelihood and the protein function exhibits a clear maximum at an interaction perplexity of 21. Moreover the conditional probability of observing a certain protein function given the hub likelihood shows discriminative power. In addition our findings support that the mutual information between hub likelihood and protein function depends upon the cell compartment under investigation, it's maximum ranging up to 29% of the achievable information value at interaction perplexities, ranging from 15 to 50.