Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Microchannel cooling for a high-energy particle transmission window, an RF transmission window, and VLSI heat dissipation

The transmission of energetic particles from vacuum to atmospheric pressure through a window results in some energy deposition within the window. This energy heats the window, increases its temperature, reduces its mechanical strength, and so limits the particle flux through the window. An analysis of heat transport indicates that a transmission window that incorporates microchannel cooling within the window can increase its heat dissipation, thereby increasing beam flux by several orders of magnitude. This increase occurs because the convective heat-transfer coefficient can increase to /spl sim/1 MW/m/sup 2//spl times/K for fully developed turbulence in 131 /spl mu/m diameter capillary tubing. Mechanical and thermal constraints are discussed, as well as the hydraulic system necessary to achieve appropriate fluid flow. Experimental heat dissipation using 131 /spl mu/m capillary tubes in a seven-tube manifold implies that a 5 cm diameter foil window could dissipate 2.7 kW/cm/sup 2/ continuously. Design examples include a 30 mA/cm/sup 2/ electron-beam window, a 722 W/cm/sup 2/ RF window, and 950 W/cm/sup 2/ very large scale integration (VLSI) cooling.
Title 3 D curves reconstruction from multiple images

In this paper, we propose a new approach for reconstructing 3D curves from a sequence of 2D images taken by uncalibrated cameras. A curve in 3D space is represented by a sequence of 3D points sampled along the curve, and the 3D points are reconstructed by minimizing the distances from their projections to the measured 2D curves on different images (i.e., 2D curve reprojection error). The minimization problem is solved by an iterative algorithm which is guaranteed to converge to a (local) minimum of the 2D reprojection error. Without requiring calibrated cameras or additional point features, our method can reconstruct multiple 3D curves simultaneously from multiple images and it readily handles images with missing and/or partially occluded curves. Keywords-3D curve reconstruction; partial occlusion; uncalibrated cameras
Raman distributed temperature measurement at CERN high energy accelerator mixed field radiation test facility (CHARM)

In this paper we present a validation of distributed Raman temperature sensing (RDTS) at the CERN high energy accelerator mixed field radiation test facility (CHARM), newly developed in order to qualify electronics for the challenging radiation environment of accelerators and connected high energy physics experiments. By investigating the effect of wavelength dependent radiation induced absorption (RIA) on the Raman Stokes and anti-Stokes light components in radiation tolerant Ge-doped multi-mode (MM) graded-index optical fibers, we demonstrate that Raman DTS used in loop configuration is robust to harsh environments in which the fiber is exposed to a mixed radiation field. The temperature profiles measured on commercial Ge-doped optical fibers is fully reliable and therefore, can be used to correct the RIA temperature dependence in distributed radiation sensing systems based on P-doped optical fibers.
Ornithine metabolism and the osmotic stress response in mytilid congeners

ABSTRACT Previous transcriptomic studies have suggested that ornithine decarboxylase (ODC) expression in Mytilids (Mytilus spp.) may be a critical component of the osmotic stress response. Ornithine is catabolized into polyamines by ODC or into glutamate or proline by ornithine aminotransferase (OAT). To better understand how ornithine is metabolized under low salinity conditions, we examined species-specific variation in OAT and ODC expression for three species that vary in their salinity tolerance (M. trossulus, M. edulis, and M. galloprovincialis). We found a consistent decrease in ODC expression during hypoosmotic exposure in all three species but pronounced species-specific increases in OAT expression. During hyperosmotic stress, the patterns of expression of these genes reversed, suggesting that proline or glutamate synthesis is important during low salinity exposure, while polyamine synthesis may be more important during hyperosmotic exposure. These responses were most pronounced in M. galloprovincialis, with an 18-fold increase in OAT during hypoosmotic exposure.
Non-Thermal Atmospheric Pressure Plasma Application in Endodontics

The failure of endodontic treatment is frequently associated with the presence of remaining microorganisms, mainly due to the difficulty of eliminating the biofilm and the limitation of conventional irrigation solutions. Non-thermal atmospheric pressure plasma (NTPP) has been suggested for many applications in the medical field and can be applied directly to biological surfaces or indirectly through activated liquids. This literature review aims to evaluate the potential of NTPP application in Endodontics. A search in the databases Lilacs, Pubmed, and Ebsco was performed. Seventeen manuscripts published between 2007 and 2022 that followed our established inclusion criteria were found. The selected manuscripts evaluated the use of NTPP regarding its antimicrobial activity, in the direct exposure and indirect method, i.e., plasma-activated liquid. Of these, 15 used direct exposure. Different parameters, such as working gas and distance from the apparatus to the substrate, were evaluated in vitro and ex vivo. NTPP showed a disinfection property against important endodontic microorganisms, mainly Enterococcus faecalis and Candida albicans. The antimicrobial potential was dependent on plasma exposure time, with the highest antimicrobial effects over eight minutes of exposure. Interestingly, the association of NTPP and conventional antimicrobial solutions, in general, was shown to be more effective than both treatments separately. This association showed antimicrobial results with a short plasma exposure time, what could be interesting in clinical practice. However, considering the lack of standardization of the direct exposure parameters and few studies about plasma-activated liquids, more studies in the area for endodontic purposes are still required.
REVIEW Multiple Sequence Alignment in Phylogenetic Analysis

Multiple sequence alignment is discussed in light of homology assessments in phylogenetic research. Pairwise and multiple alignment methods are reviewed as exact and heuristic procedures. Since the object of alignment is to create the most efficient statement of initial homology, methods that minimize nonhomology are to be favored. Therefore, among all possible alignments, the one that satisfies the phylogenetic optimality criterion the best should be considered the best alignment. Since all homology statements are subject to testing and explanation this way, consistency of optimality criteria is desirable. This consistency is based on the treatment of alignment gaps as character information and the consistent use of a cost function (e.g., insertion‐ deletion, transversion, and transition) through analysis from alignment to phylogeny reconstruction. Cost functions are not subject to testing via inspection; hence the assumptions they make should be examined by varying the assumed values in a sensitivity analysis context to test for the robustness of results. Agreement among data may be used to choose an optimal solution set from all of those examined through parameter variation. This idea of consistency between assumption and analysis through alignment and cladogram reconstruction is not limited to parsimony analysis and could and should be applied to other forms of analysis such as maximum likelihood. © 2000 Academic Press
A Six-Step P-stable Trigonometrically-Fitted Method for the Numerical Integration of the Radial Schrodinger Equation

In this paper we obtain a P-stable exponentially-fitted six-step method for the approximate solution of the one-dimensional Schrodinger equation. More specifically we present a method that is P-stable and also integrates exactly any linear combination of the functions {1 ,x , x 2 , x 3 ,x 4 ,x 5 ,x 6 ,x 7 , exp (± Ivx )}. The numerical experimentation show- ed that our new introduced method is considerably more efficient com- pared to well known methods used for the approximate solution of res- onance problem of the radial Schrodinger equation.
Improving the Detectability of Microplastics in River Waters by Single Particle Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometry

Detection of microplastics in environmental samples requires fast, sensitive and selective analytical techniques, both in terms of the size of the microparticles and their concentration. Single particle inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (SP-ICP-MS) allows the detection of plastic particles down to ca. 1 µm and down to concentrations of 100 particles per mL. In SP-ICP-MS, detection of carbon-containing particles is hampered by the presence of other forms of carbon (carbonates, organic matter, microorganisms…). An acidic pre-treatment of river water samples with 10% (v/v) nitric acid for 24 h allowed the reduction of the presence of dissolved carbon to ultrapure water levels and the digestion of potential microorganisms in the samples, recovering polystyrene microparticles up to 80%. Carbon-containing particles were detected in most of the samples analysed from Spanish and French Pyrenean rivers. The presence of microplastics in these samples was confirmed by Raman microscopy and their morphology was defined by electron microscopy combined with energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy. The developed SP-ICP-MS method is suitable for the rapid screening of river waters for the presence of microplastics, which can then be analysed by inherently slower but more selective techniques (e.g., Raman microscopy).
Selenium Biofortification Enhanced miR167a Expression in Broccoli Extracellular Vesicles Inducing Apoptosis in Human Pancreatic Cancer Cells by Targeting IRS1

Purpose Pancreatic adenocarcinoma (PAAD) presents an extremely high morbidity and mortality rate. Broccoli has excellent anti-cancer properties. However, the dosage and serious side effects still limit the application of broccoli and its derivatives for cancer therapy. Recently, extracellular vesicles (EVs) derived from plants are emerging as novel therapeutic agents. Thus, we conducted this study to determine the effectiveness of EVs isolated from Se-riched broccoli (Se-BDEVs) and conventional broccoli (cBDEVs) for the treatment of PAAD. Methods In this study, we first isolated Se-BDEVs and cBDEVs by a differential centrifugation method, and characterized them by using nanoparticle tracking analysis (NTA) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). Then, miRNA-seq was combined with target genes prediction, and functional enrichment analysis to reveal the potential function of Se-BDEVs and cBDEVs. Finally, the functional verification was conducted in PANC-1 cells. Results Se-BDEVs and cBDEVs exhibited similar characteristics in size and morphology. Subsequent miRNA-seq revealed the expression of miRNAs in Se-BDEVs and cBDEVs. Using a combination of miRNA target prediction and KEGG functional analysis, we found miRNAs in Se-BDEVs and cBDEVs may play an important role in treating pancreatic cancer. Indeed, our in vitro study showed that Se-BDEVs had greater anti-PAAD potency than cBDEVs due to increased bna-miR167a_R-2 (miR167a) expression. Transfection with miR167a mimics significantly induced apoptosis of PANC-1 cells. Mechanistically, further bioinformatics analysis showed that IRS1, which is involved in the PI3K-AKT pathway, is the key target gene of miR167a. Conclusion This study highlights the role of miR167a transported by Se-BDEVs which could be a new tool for counteracting tumorigenesis.
Uptake-Dependent and -Independent Effects of Fibroblasts-Derived Extracellular Vesicles on Bone Marrow Endothelial Cells from Patients with Multiple Myeloma: Therapeutic and Clinical Implications

Extracellular vesicles (EVs) have emerged as important players in cell-to-cell communication within the bone marrow (BM) of multiple myeloma (MM) patients, where they mediate several tumor-associated processes. Here, we investigate the contribution of fibroblasts-derived EVs (FBEVs) in supporting BM angiogenesis. We demonstrate that FBEVs’ cargo contains several angiogenic cytokines (i.e., VEGF, HGF, and ANG-1) that promote an early over-angiogenic effect independent from EVs uptake. Interestingly, co-culture of endothelial cells from MM patients (MMECs) with FBEVs for 1 or 6 h activates the VEGF/VEGFR2, HGF/HGFR, and ANG-1/Tie2 axis, as well as the mTORC2 and Wnt/β-catenin pathways, suggesting that the early over-angiogenic effect is a cytokine-mediated process. FBEVs internalization occurs after longer exposure of MMECs to FBEVs (24 h) and induces a late over-angiogenic effect by increasing MMECs migration, chemotaxis, metalloproteases release, and capillarogenesis. FBEVs uptake activates mTORC1, MAPK, SRC, and STAT pathways that promote the release of pro-angiogenic cytokines, further supporting the pro-angiogenic milieu. Overall, our results demonstrate that FBEVs foster MM angiogenesis through dual time-related uptake-independent and uptake-dependent mechanisms that activate different intracellular pathways and transcriptional programs, providing the rationale for designing novel anti-angiogenic strategies.
Does Sterilization Affect the Performance of Single-Step Resin Composite Polishers?

(1) Background: Single-step polishers are used extensively for resin-composite polishing. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of sterilization on their performance. (2) Methods: Optrapol Next Generation/Ivoclar-Vivadent, Jazz Supreme/SS White, Optishine Brush/Kerr and Jiffy Polishing Brush/Ultradent were used for polishing a nanohybrid resin composite (IPS Empress Direct/Ivoclar-Vivadent). Polishers (n = 40) were microscopically inspected before use. After polishing, surface roughness (Sa, Sz, Sdr, Sci) and gloss were determined. Polishers were subsequently sterilized and microscopically re-examined. The process was repeated four times on new samples (n = 200). Data were analyzed using the Friedman test and Wilcoxon post hoc test, at α = 0.05. (3) Results: Optrapol’s performance improved after the first sterilization for Sa and gloss, whereas it declined after the fourth sterilization for Sa. Jazz’s, improved after the second sterilization for Sa and gloss and after the third sterilization for Sdr. An improvement trend was observed for Optishine after the first sterilization, but not statistically significant. Sa, Sz, and gloss declined after the fourth sterilization. Jiffy’s performance was inconsistent, with a trend of performance loss after the fourth sterilization. (4) Conclusions: Performance of all polishing systems improved after the initial sterilization, but deteriorated after the fourth sterilization cycle. However, their performance can be considered clinically acceptable for a longer period of use.
Bi-Lingual Machine Translation Approach using Long Short–Term Memory Model for Asian Languages

Objectives : To develop an appropriate machine translation model for translating text from English to Tamil. Methods: The proposed work uses a Gated Recurrent Unit (GRU) Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM) model. The Repeat Vector function is used for ﬁtting both the decoder and encoder parts of the network model. Adam optimizer is used because of its faster execution and less consumption of memory. It mainly uses the text corpora which are available in the Internet repository namely Technology Development for Indian Languages (TDIL), Linguistic Data Consortium for Indian Languages (LDCIL), Kaggle, and Ishikahooda. Findings: The motivation for the proposed work emerged from identifying the regional language Tamil as one of the less frequently used languages in the existing translation systems. The Tamil Character Set is one of the challenging factors for the existence of fewer such translation systems. The proposed system produces a BLEU score of 0.9, a Meteor score of 0.98, a TER score of 0.5, a WER score of 20%, an Accuracy rate of 5 (in a 5-point grading scale), and an Adequacy rate of 5 (on a 5-point grading scale) which are signiﬁcantly better than the existing systems. Novelty: The space complexity of the proposed LSTM-based English Tamil Translator is ﬁne-tuned to 256 units of memory using Adam optimizer for achieving less storage consumption. The number of layers is optimized for reducing the execution time. Unicode Transformation Format (UTF-8) encoding is used to incorporate Tamil language characters. This work has been implemented with a wide range of sentences counted to several thousand. LSTM-based English Tamil Translator is helpful for bilingual learners who are learning speciﬁcally Tamil language
THE EFFECT OF HALAL AWARENESS AND CONSUMER DEMOGRAPHICS ON INTENTION TO PURCHASE HALAL FOOD: A COMPARATIVE STUDY BETWEEN BRUNEI DARUSSALAM AND UGANDA

Consumer demographics and their level of awareness are important factors as determinants towards the foods they consume. The study aimed at comparatively examining the effect of Halal awareness and consumer demographics on intention to purchase Halal food in Brunei Darussalam and Uganda. In execution, it used a correlational research design to ascertain whether research variables were related, the nature and strength of effects. The study’s discoveries led to conclusions that Halal awareness efforts like government support policies, certification, health expert approvals, and individual exposure alongside religiosity significantly boost one’s intention to purchase Halal food up to 25% in Brunei and up to 51.6% in Uganda, respectively. It is also concluded that the effect was greater in Uganda compared to Brunei. The study thus empirically recommended that the Ugandan government should support the Halal industry to boost consumers’ intention to purchase such products. The study further recommended that marketers and sales agents of Halal products should concentrate on Muslim-dominated regions to entice more public willingness to purchase. Religiosity was found to be a significant catalyst towards one’s intention to buy Halal products. For Uganda, the study also recommended that Halal food certification should be spearheaded by government other than private organizations so as to streamline such efforts, boost public trust, and fund the relevant processes to significantly impact on this particular sub-sector.
Increased plasma endostatin and GDF15 in indolent non-Hodgkin lymphoma

Background Increased microvascular density correlates with more advanced disease and unfavorable overall survival in non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL), suggesting that angiogenesis is important for disease progression. However, studies of anti-angiogenic agents in NHL patients, have generally not shown favorable outcomes. The aim of this study was to investigate whether plasma levels of a subset of angiogenesis-associated proteins are increased in indolent B-cell derived NHL (B-NHL) and to investigate whether the levels differ between patients with asymptomatic versus symptomatic disease. Methods Plasma levels of growth differentiation factor 15 (GDF15), endostatin, matrix metalloproteinase 9 (MMP9), neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin (NGAL), long pentraxin 3 (PTX3), and galectin 3 (GAL-3) were measured by ELISA in 35 patients with symptomatic indolent B-NHL, 41 patients with asymptomatic disease, and 62 healthy controls. Bootstrap t-tests were used to assess the relative differences in biomarker levels between groups. Group differences were visualized using a principal component plot. Results Mean plasma endostatin and GDF15 levels were significantly higher in symptomatic and asymptomatic lymphoma patients than in controls. Symptomatic patients had higher mean MMP9 and NGAL than controls. Conclusions The finding of increased plasma endostatin and GDF15 in patients with asymptomatic indolent B-NHL suggests that increased angiogenic activity is an early event in indolent B-NHL disease progression.
Plasmonic Functionality of Optical Fiber Tips: Mechanisms, Fabrications, and Applications

Optical fiber tips with the flat end-facets functionalized take the special advantages of easy fabrication, compactness, and ready-integration among the community of optical fiber devices. Combined with plasmonic structures, the fiber tips draw a significant growth of interest addressing diverse functions. This review aims to present and summarize the plasmonic functionality of optical fiber tips with the current state of the art. Firstly, the mechanisms of plasmonic phenomena are introduced in order to illustrate the tip-compatible plasmonic nanostructures. Then, the strategies of plasmonic functionalities on fiber tips are analyzed and compared. Moreover, the classical applications of plasmonic fiber tips are reviewed. Finally, the challenges and prospects for future opportunities are discussed.
Application of Precise Point Positioning in Airborne Survey

Applying precise point positioning(PPP) technology to airborne survey without ground base station was implemented in this paper.The results show that cm to dm accuracy could be achieved.Epoch-by-epoch 3D RMS calculated from postfit residuals of observations in both kinematic and static case is smaller that 3 cm.The external RMS calculated from epoch-by-epoch differences between the PPP solution and double-differenced solution with kinematic data shows that horizontal RMS is smaller than 5 cm,vertical RMS is better than 10 cm.Making differences epoch by epoch between PPP simulated kinematic solution and known coordinate of static base station derives RMS shows that horizontal RMS is smaller than 3 cm,vertical RMS is better than 5 cm.
A spherical shell target scheme for laser-driven neutron sources

A scheme for neutron production is investigated in which an ultra-intense laser is irradiated into a two-layer (deuterium and aurum) spherical shell target through the cone shaped entrance hole. It is found that the energy conversion efficiency from laser to target can reach as high as 71%, and deuterium ions are heated to a maximum energy of several MeV from the inner layer surface. These ions are accelerated towards the center of the cavity and accumulated finally with a high density up to tens of critical density in several picoseconds. Two different mechanisms account for the efficient yield of the neutrons in the cavity: (1) At the early stage, the neutrons are generated by the high energy deuterium ions based on the “beam-target” approach. (2) At the later stage, the neutrons are generated by the thermonuclear fusion when the most of the deuterium ions reach equilibrium in the cavity. It is also found that a large number of deuterium ions accelerated inward can pass through the target center and the.