Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Human cardiomyocytes express high level of Na+/glucose cotransporter 1 (SGLT1)

We have quantitatively measured gene expression for the sodium‐dependent glucose cotransporters 1 and 2 (SGLT1 and SGLT2) in 23 human tissues using the method of real time PCR. As predicted, our results revealed that the expression of SGLT1 was very high in the small intestine (1.2E + 6 molecules/μg total RNA) relative to that in the kidney (3E + 4 molecules/μg total RNA). Surprisingly, we observed that the expression of SGLT1 in human heart was unexpectedly high (3.4E + 5 molecules/μg total RNA), approximately 10‐fold higher than that observed in kidney tissue. DNA sequencing confirmed that the PCR amplified fragment was indeed the human SGLT1 gene. Moreover, in situ hybridization studies using a digoxigenin (DIG)‐labeled antisense cRNA probe corresponding to human SGLT1 cDNA confirm that human cardiomyocytes express SGLT1 mRNA. In contrast, the expression of SGLT2 in human tissues appears to be ubiquitous, with levels ranging from 6.7E + 4 molecules/μg total RNA (in skeletal muscle) to 3.2E + 6 molecules/μg total RNA (in kidney), levels 10–100‐fold higher than the expression of SGLT1 in the same tissues. Our finding that human cardiomyocytes express high levels of SGLT1 RNA suggests that SGLT1 may have a functional role in cardiac glucose transport. Since several SGLT inhibitors are currently in development as potential anti‐diabetic agents, it may be important to assess the functional consequences of inhibition of SGLT1 in the heart. J. Cell. Biochem. 90: 339–346, 2003. © 2003 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Robotically assembled aerospace structures: Digital material assembly using a gantry-type assembler

This paper evaluates the development of automated assembly techniques for discrete lattice structures using a multi-axis gantry type CNC machine. These lattices are made of discrete components and are referred to as “digital materials. ” We present the development of a specialized end effector that works in conjunction with the CNC machine to assemble these lattices. With this configuration we are able to place voxels at a rate of 1.5 per minute. The scalability of digital material structures due to the incremental modular assembly is one of its key traits and an important metric of interest. We investigate the build times of a 5×5 beam structure on the scale of 1 meter (325 parts), 10 meters (3,250 parts), and 30 meters (9,750 parts). Utilizing the current configuration with a single end effector, performing serial assembly with a globally fixed feed station at the edge of the build volume, the build time increases according to a scaling law of n4, where n is the build scale. Build times can be reduced significantly by integrating feed systems into the gantry itself, resulting in a scaling law of n3. A completely serial assembly process will encounter time limitations as build scale increases. Automated assembly for digital materials can assemble high performance structures from discrete parts, and techniques such as built in feed systems, parallelization, and optimization of the fastening process will yield much higher throughput.
Multigate Buckled Self-Aligned Dual Si Nanowire MOSFETs on Bulk Si for High Electron Mobility

In this paper, we report for the first time making multi-gate buckled self-aligned dual Si nanowires including two sub-100 nm cross-sectional cores on bulk Si substrate using optical lithography, hard mask/spacer technology, and local oxidation. ≈0.8 GPa uniaxial tensile stress was measured on the buckled dual nanowires using micro-Raman spectroscopy. The buckled multigate dual Si nanowires show excellent electrical characteristics, e.g., 62 mV/decade and 42% low-field electron mobility enhancement due to uniaxial tensile stress in comparison to the non-strained device, all at VDS = 50 mV and 293 K.
Analysis of Energy Consumption Changes and the Driving Forces in China: 1997-2007

This paper estimates the changes of industrial embodied energy consumption in China between 1997 and 2007, and applies a structural decomposition analysis (SDA), based on non-competitive (import) input-output tables, to analyze the sources of change of China's energy consumption from 1997 to 2007. Results show that China's energy consumption increased sharply, especially after the accession to WTO. The SDA results indicate that the improvement of energy efficiency during 1997-2007 significantly reduced energy consumption in China while the growth of final demand was the key driver of China's energy consumption. In addition, distribution of final demand with the declining share of consumption and the increasing share of export push energy consumption upward.
Hepatofugal flow in the portal venous system: pathophysiology, imaging findings, and diagnostic pitfalls.

Hepatofugal flow (ie, flow directed away from the liver) is abnormal in any segment of the portal venous system and is more common than previously believed. Hepatofugal flow can be demonstrated at angiography, Doppler ultrasonography (US), magnetic resonance imaging, and computed tomography (CT). The current understanding of hepatofugal flow recognizes the role of the hepatic artery and the complementary phenomena of arterioportal and portosystemic venovenous shunting. Detection of hepatofugal flow is clinically important for diagnosis of portal hypertension, for determination of portosystemic shunt patency and overall prognosis in patients with cirrhosis, as a potential pitfall at invasive arteriography performed to evaluate the patency of the portal vein, and as a contraindication to specialized imaging procedures (ie, transarterial hepatic chemoembolization and CT during arterial portography). Hepatofugal flow is generally diagnosed at Doppler US without much difficulty, but radiologists should beware of pitfalls that can impede correct determination of flow direction in the portal venous system.
Risk factors for the development of PTSD and depression among child and adolescent victims following a 7.4 magnitude earthquake

Objective. PTSD and major depression occur frequently following traumatic exposure, both as separate disorders and concurrently. Although much of Turkey is under threat of severe earthquakes, risk factors for developing psychiatric disorders among Turkish children have not yet been studied. The aim of the study was to examine risk factors for PTSD and depression develpoment in children. Method. A total of 160 survivors (102 girls and 58 boys) severely impacted by Turkey's 7.4-magnitude quake participated in a psychiatric interview 6–20 weeks after the disaster. The mean age was 14.43. Logistic regression was used to test effects of pre-disaster, disaster-related and post-disaster factors on diagnoses, yielding odds ratios (OR). Results. CAPS indicated that 96 (60%) had PTSD, and psychiatric interview found 49 (31%) with depression. Children diagnosed with PTSD were more likely to have witnessed death (OR=2.47) and experienced an extreme parental reaction (OR=3.45). Children with depression were more likely to be male (OR=4.48), have a higher trait anxiety score (OR=1.12 for every additional point), sustain injury (OR=4.29), and have lost a family member in the quake (OR=10.96). Focusing on the 96 children with PTSD, those with comorbid depression were more likely male, have a higher trait anxiety score, and have lost of family member. Conclusions. Mental health professionals should offer support to children witnessing death or losing a family member in a disaster. The ability of the family to remain calm and reassuring also may be a key factor in preventing PTSD.
Infant feeding and the development of food allergies and atopic eczema: An update

There is an increasing awareness of food allergies in the community. Dermatologists frequently see patients with atopic eczema, where parents are extremely concerned about the role of food allergy. Advice given to parents regarding the timing of introduction of solid foods has changed markedly over the past decade. Whereas previous advice advocated delaying the introduction of solid foods until the infant's gastrointestinal system had matured, recent studies suggest that the introduction of solids from around 4 to 6 months may actually prevent the development of allergies. Studies on maternal dietary restrictions during pregnancy and lactation have led researchers to believe that antigen avoidance does not play a significant role in the prevention of atopic disease. Breastfeeding exclusively for 4 to 6 months has multiple benefits for mother and child, however, it does not convincingly prevent food allergies or decrease atopic eczema. New evidence suggests that the use of hydrolysed formulas does not delay or prevent atopic eczema or food allergy. This article aims to highlight current evidence and provide an update for dermatologists on the role of food exposure in the development of atopic disease, namely atopic eczema.
The Sentinel Initiative as a Cultural Commons

This case study applies the knowledge commons research framework to the U.S. Food and Drug Administration’s (FDA) Sentinel Initiative. That initiative resulted in the creation of the Sentinel System (Sentinel), a national electronic system to track the safety of medical products already on the market. Launched in 2008, it now includes information on over 178 million individuals — more than half the U.S. population. Sentinel was designed as a new tool for the agency, but it has the potential to fundamentally alter the way post-market surveillance is conducted.This case study examines the aspects of Sentinel that are governed as commons, how those commons are governed, and who has access to the resources governed by commons. This includes the impact of limited government funding and political constraints on the structure and utilization of the initiative, FDA’s interactions with private and public healthcare data environments, and the agency’s framework for disseminating the data it has collected. The study finds that Sentinel’s structure and governance was largely dictated by Congress’ and the agency’s decision to rely on contracting and self-regulation rather than mandating data sharing. In turn, that necessitated a system design that could provide valuable regulatory information to the agency while still being palatable to insurance companies and health care providers. Likely as a result of a series of key strategic decisions, FDA was completely successful at meeting its Congressional mandate and developing new a functionality. However, these decisions may have sacrificed some utility.This research promises an improved understanding of Sentinel that will be important for policy makers, and more broadly, for understanding how to effectively structure environments for developing and distributing scientific knowledge.
Exploring the Potential of Web 2.0 to Address Health Disparities

This article addresses use of the Internet and Web 2.0 technologies by racial and ethnic minorities and explores the potential opportunities and challenges in leveraging Web 2.0 approaches to impact health disparities. These opportunities and challenges include developing approaches and methods to (a) identify strategies for integrating social media into health promotion interventions focused on major health-related issues that affect members of medically underserved groups; (b) amalgamate techniques to leverage and connect social-media technologies to other evidence-informed online resources; (c) integrate health communication best practices, including addressing health literacy issues; (d) capitalize on social networking to enhance access and communication with health care providers; and (e) advance current efforts and ongoing expansion of research participation by individuals from underserved communities.
Familial chronic acidosis due to an error in lactate and pyruvate metabolism.

"111 as a baby". since then has been well. Tail and obese. Normal intelligence Diarrhea for two weeks before death. Hospital diagnosis: bronchopneumonia and gas¬ troenteritis Healthy, normal intelligence. "Big for her age" Healthy, normal intelligence Tachypnea, muscular twitch¬ ing, episodes of coma, vom¬ iting, cough Chronic hyperlactatemia. Israels et al. Case 1» (R.P.) Chronic hyperlactatemia. Present Case 1 (CP.) Chronic hyperlactatemia. Present Case 2 (J.P.)
Mso1p Regulates Membrane Fusion through Interactions with the Putative N-Peptide–binding Area in Sec1p Domain 1

We show that the putative N-peptide binding area in Sec1p domain 1 is important for Mso1p binding and that Mso1p can interact with Sso1p and Sso2p. Our results suggest that Mso1p mimics N-peptide binding to facilitate membrane fusion.
The molecular genetics of chemotaxis: sensing and responding to chemoattractant gradients

Chemotaxis plays a central role in various biological processes, such as the movement of neutrophils and macrophage during wound healing and in the aggregation of Dictyostelium cells. During the past few years, new understanding of the mechanisms controlling chemotaxis has been obtained through molecular genetic and biochemical studies of Dictyostelium and other experimental systems. This review outlines our present understanding of the signaling pathways that allow a cell to sense and respond to a chemoattractant gradient. In response to chemoattractants, cells either become polarized in the direction of the chemoattractant source, which results in the formation of a leading edge, or they reorient their polarity in the direction of the chemoattractant gradient and move with a stronger persistence up the gradient. Models are presented here to explain such directional responses. They include a localized activation of pathways at the leading edge and an “inhibition” of these pathways along the lateral edges of the cell. One of the primary pathways that may be responsible for such localized responses is the activation of phosphatidyl inositol‐3 kinase (PI3K). Evidence suggests that a localized formation of binding sites for PH (pleckstrin homology) domain‐containing proteins produced by PI3K leads to the formation of “activation domains” at the leading edge, producing a localized response. BioEssays 22:603–615, 2000. © 2000 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Omega-3 fatty acids and risk of dementia: the Canadian Study of Health and Aging.

BACKGROUND Omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (n-3 PUFAs) may protect against dementia, although epidemiologic studies have yielded inconclusive results. Fish is the main dietary source of n-3 PUFAs and is sometimes contaminated with mercury. This neurotoxicant may modify the association with dementia. OBJECTIVE We evaluated the association of erythrocyte membrane total n-3 PUFAs, docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA), and blood mercury with the incidence of dementia and Alzheimer disease (AD) in the Canadian Study of Health and Aging (CSHA) with adjustment for confounders including apolipoprotein E epsilon4 (APOE epsilon4) status. DESIGN The CSHA is a cohort study of a representative sample of persons aged > or =65 y, conducted from 1991 to 2002. A subsample of 663 nondemented CSHA subjects with a complete clinical examination, blood samples, and follow-up information was eligible for prospective analyses on laboratory measurements. Of these, 149 were incident cases of dementia, including 105 with AD. RESULTS In adjusted Cox regression models with age as the time scale, there were no associations between total n-3 PUFAs, DHA, or EPA and dementia or AD. In contrast, a mercury concentration in the highest quartile was associated with a reduced risk of dementia (hazard ratio: 0.53; 95% CI: 0.33, 0.88). However, significant risk reductions were limited to subjects with concentrations of both n-3 PUFAs and mercury that were above the median. There was no modification of risk by APOE epsilon4 status. CONCLUSIONS No associations between n-3 PUFAs and dementia or AD were found. The results regarding mercury may indicate a spurious association.
Hypoxia‐induced β‐catenin downregulation involves p53‐dependent activation of Siah‐1

Solid tumors contain extensive hypoxic areas and it is of considerable importance to decipher the potential role of hypoxia in signaling pathway regulation. In the present study, we examined the impact of hypoxia on β‐catenin status and the mechanisms involved. Hypoxia significantly decreased β‐catenin protein, but had no effect on glycogen synthase kinase (GSK)‐3β or adenomatous polyposis coli (APC) levels. However, hypoxia‐induced β‐catenin downregulation seemed to require APC but not GSK‐3β. Further investigation revealed that hypoxia significantly upregulated Siah‐1, the human homolog of Drosophila seven in absentia. In addition, hypoxia augmented the interaction between β‐catenin and SIP and Skp1. Silencing of Siah‐1, as well as the use of a dominant negative Siah‐1 mutant, attenuated these responses to hypoxia and rescued β‐catenin transactivation. The Siah‐1‐mediated degradation of β‐catenin during hypoxia may involve p53, but not hypoxia‐inducible factor‐1, activation. Together, the results suggest that hypoxia downregulates β‐catenin by increasing Siah‐1 expression in a p53‐dependent manner. (Cancer Sci 2011; 102: 1322–1328)
Emotion recognition using dynamic grid-based HoG features

Automatic facial expression analysis is the most commonly studied aspect of behavior understanding and human-computer interface. The main difficulty with facial emotion recognition system is to implement general expression models. The same facial expression may vary differently across humans; this can be true even for the same person when the expression is displayed in different contexts. These factors present a significant challenge for the recognition task. The method we applied, which is reminiscent of the “baseline method”, utilizes dynamic dense appearance descriptors and statistical machine learning techniques. Histograms of oriented gradients (HoG) are used to extract the appearance features by accumulating the gradient magnitudes for a set of orientations in 1-D histograms defined over a size-adaptive dense grid, and Support Vector Machines with Radial Basis Function kernels are the base learners of emotions. The overall classification performance of the emotion detection reached 70% which is better than the 56% accuracy achieved by the “baseline method” presented by the challenge organizers.
An overall dynamic model for a matrix converter

A comprehensive dynamic model for a matrix converter (MC) is developed which is valid for both steady-state and transient analyses. The comprehensive model includes all normal functions of the MC, i.e., control of the output voltage, output frequency, and input displacement power factor. The model is in the qdo reference frame for the MC input and output voltage and current fundamental components. The validity of this model is confirmed by comparing the results obtained with the ones of a simplified fundamental-frequency equivalent circuit-based model and the simulation results from PSIM package.
Femtojoule high speed planar GaAs E-JFET logic

An integrated inverter stage operating in the gigabit range at a static power dissipation of 100 µW was built for future use in LSI logic circuits. Planar gallium arsenide technology was employed using selective ion-implanted enhancement mode junction field-effect transistors (E-JFET) having 3-µm gate lengths. A nine-stage ring oscillator served as a test vehicle to assess the speed-power product for digital applications. A theoretical analysis shows the transistor operates during the switching transient in the saturation regime, notwithstanding steady-state operation in the linear regime. When the transistor is switched off, the transient response is governed by the load resistance and the input capacitance of the subsequent stage. Means of reducing the switching time by increasing the supply voltage, nonlinear load devices, an output buffer stage, and reduction of gate length and width are described. Directly coupled E-JFET logic does not require level shifting, and, therefore, offers advantages over depletion-mode gallium arsenide MESFET logic by reducing the number of circuit elements per gate. Projected gallium arsenide E-JFET LSI logic circuits will surpass silicon-based bipolar logic with respect to both speed and power, and n-channel silicon MOS logic with respect to speed.
Work-related infectious disease reported to the Occupational Disease Intelligence Network and The Health and Occupation Reporting network in the UK (2000-2003).

BACKGROUND Infectious diseases remain an important cause of self-reported work-related illness, with socio-economic consequences, including sickness absence. Reporting of infectious disease by occupational and specialist physicians is an important tool in the investigation of occupationally related infections and is relevant in their management. AIMS To examine the reporting of cases of infectious disease by occupational and specialist physicians to schemes collecting data on occupational ill-health. METHODS Cases of infectious disease reported by occupational and specialist physicians to the UK based schemes, Occupational Disease Intelligence Network (ODIN) and The Health and Occupation Reporting network (THOR), from 2000 to 2003 were analysed by reporting patterns, diagnosis, single case or outbreak reporting and industry. RESULTS The total number of estimated cases of infectious disease reported to ODIN and THOR from 2000 to 2003 was 5606; 74.9% cases were diarrhoeal disease, and 11.1% scabies. The majority (81.4%) of cases were reported in SIDAW, where the participation rate for reporters was 55%. Reporting rates were much higher in OPRA, SWORD and EPIDERM (ranging from 86 to 96%). The most frequently reported industrial sectors were social care (39.5%) and health (29.4%); while the manufacture of chemical products contributed 4.3% overall, but 33.8% to estimated cases in OPRA. CONCLUSIONS Despite limitations related to under reporting, the occupational and specialist physician schemes in ODIN and THOR provide data that may be used to look at patterns of case reporting for occupational ill-health, including infectious disease. The reporting schemes also provide an important means of alerting peers about potential novel causes, precipitating factors, or industrial sectors associated with occupational disease.
Anatomy of a boom: Cassava as a ‘gateway’ crop in Cambodia's north eastern borderland

This paper examines how a boom in industrial cassava served as a ‘gateway’ to intensify capitalist relations in Cambodia's north eastern borderland. Situated on Cambodia's border with Vietnam, Mondulkiri province has experienced a rapid increase in cassava production and trade since 2006, with transformative consequences for the region's forests and farmers. Using field data from 2012 to 2014, we explore how the boom ignited and intensified over time, through a conjuncture of conditions. Alongside strong market demand for cassava, these included resource abundance (soil fertility, timber, land, labour), connectivity to markets and cross border networks, and facilitative governance conditions. Over time, the boom strengthened capitalist relations, particularly through farmer debt and the revalorisation and accumulation of land. However, unlike booms of tree crops elsewhere, we argue that it is the very impermanence of cassava that is formative here, because the crop's short-term nature and low overheads facilitate practices like land laundering and land mortgaging. Like the ‘gateway drugs’ that were believed to place users on a path to addiction and risk, this paper shows that gateway crops such as cassava may similarly place farmers on a trajectory of more intense competition and reduced choice in their engagements with capitalist modes of production.