Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Towards many-objective optimization of eigenvector centrality in multiplex networks

Network centrality plays an important role in network analysis — especially in social and economic network analysis such as identification of the most popular actor and artist in the Hollywood community, or to find the most influential scientist in a citation network, or politician in democratic elections. Furthermore, finding an important player for the growth of economics in a region can be important to improve future welfare, or to find important hubs for spreading an important message in crisis management. Many algorithms have been proposed to identify a set of key players in a single network. But in the real world with more complicated data sets we need not only to identify a single player but a set of key players. Moreover, we may have to use different types of links simultaneously, e.g., different social networks, in order to define how influential a node is. This situation can be modelled by multiplex network data. For a multiplex network the set of nodes stays the same, while there are multiple sets of edges. The utilization of such information can be viewed as a multiple objective decision analysis problem. In this paper, we propose a new approach in identifying a network centrality based on a many-objective optimization approach, where the nodes are the potential points to be selected and the objectives are their centrality in the different layers of the network. This yields a new approach to analyse network centrality in multiplex network. For this approach, we propose to compute the Pareto fronts of network centrality of nodes, where maximization of centrality in layer defines its own objective. As a case study, we compute the Pareto fronts for model problems with artificial network and real networks for economic data sets to show on how to find the network centrality trade-offs between different layers and identify efficient sets of key nodes.
Characteristics of the delayed rectifier current (IKr and IKs) in canine ventricular epicardial, midmyocardial, and endocardial myocytes. A weaker IKs contributes to the longer action potential of the M cell.

Recent studies have described regional differences in the electrophysiology and pharmacology of ventricular myocardium in canine, feline, rat, guinea pig, and human hearts. In this study, we use standard microelectrode and whole-cell patch-clamp techniques to examine the characteristics of the action potential and the delayed rectifier K+ current (IK) in epicardial, M region (deep subepicardial to midmyocardial), and endocardial cells isolated from the canine left ventricle. Cells from the M region displayed much longer action potential durations (APDs) at slow rates. At a basic cycle length of 4 s, APD measured at 90% repolarization was 358 +/- 16 (mean +/- SEM), 262 +/- 12, and 287 +/- 11 ms in cells from the M region, epicardium, and endocardium, respectively. Steady state APD-rate relations were steeper in cells from the M region. In complete Tyrode's solution, IK was smaller in myocytes from the M region when compared with those isolated from the epicardium or endocardium. Further characterization of IK was conducted in a Na(+)-, K(+)-, and Ca(2+)-free bath solution to isolate the slowly activating component of the delayed rectifier (IKs) from the rapidly activating component (IKr). IKs was significantly smaller in M cells than in epicardial and endocardial cells. With repolarization to -20 mV, IKs tail current density was 1.99 +/- 0.30 pA/pF (mean +/- SEM) in epicardial cells, 1.83 +/- 0.18 pA/pF in endocardial cells, and 0.92 +/- 0.14 pA/pF in M cells. Voltage dependence and time course of activation and deactivation of IKs were similar in the three cell types. The relative contribution of IKr and IKs among the three cell types was examined by using 6 mmol/L [K+]o Tyrode's solution with and without E-4031, a highly selective blocker of IKr. An E-4031-sensitive current was observed in the presence but not in the absence of extracellular K+. This rapidly activating component showed characteristics similar to those of IKr as described in rabbit and cat ventricular cells. Deactivation of IKr was significantly slower than that of IKs. IKr (E-4031-sensitive component) tail current density was similar in the three cell types, whereas IKs (E-4031-insensitive component) tail current density was significantly smaller in the M cells. Our results suggest that the distinctive phase-3 repolarization features of M cells are due in part to a lesser contribution of IKs and that this distinction may also explain why M cells are the main targets for agents that prolong APD in ventricular myocardium. (ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)
Mine to remember: The impact of ownership on recollective experience

Evaluating information with reference to self is associated with enhanced memory, the “self-reference effect”. The effect is found in recognition accompanied by recollective experience (remembering), but not in recognition based on a feeling of knowing. The current research employed an ownership procedure to investigate whether less evaluative forms of self-referential cognition produce similar enhancement of recollective experience. Participants were asked to sort items into baskets that belonged to themselves or a fictitious other. A subsequent remember–know recognition test showed that items encoded in the context of self-ownership were more likely to be correctly recognized than other-owned items. This ownership effect was found in remember, but not know, responses. This finding suggests that creating a self-referential encoding context leads to elaborative representations in episodic memory, even in the absence of explicit self-evaluation.
Role of Glycoside Phosphorylases in Mannose Foraging by Human Gut Bacteria*

Background: The relations between the gut microbiota, food, and host play a crucial role in human health. Results: Prevalent bacterial glycoside phosphorylases are able to break down dietary carbohydrates and the N-glycans lining the intestinal epithelium. Conclusion: GH130 enzymes are new targets to study interactions between host and gut microbes. Significance: Glycoside phosphorylases are key enzymes of host glycan catabolism by gut bacteria. To metabolize both dietary fiber constituent carbohydrates and host glycans lining the intestinal epithelium, gut bacteria produce a wide range of carbohydrate-active enzymes, of which glycoside hydrolases are the main components. In this study, we describe the ability of phosphorylases to participate in the breakdown of human N-glycans, from an analysis of the substrate specificity of UhgbMP, a mannoside phosphorylase of the GH130 protein family discovered by functional metagenomics. UhgbMP is found to phosphorolyze β-d-Manp-1,4-β-d-GlcpNAc-1,4-d-GlcpNAc and is also a highly efficient enzyme to catalyze the synthesis of this precious N-glycan core oligosaccharide by reverse phosphorolysis. Analysis of sequence conservation within family GH130, mapped on a three-dimensional model of UhgbMP and supported by site-directed mutagenesis results, revealed two GH130 subfamilies and allowed the identification of key residues responsible for catalysis and substrate specificity. The analysis of the genomic context of 65 known GH130 sequences belonging to human gut bacteria indicates that the enzymes of the GH130_1 subfamily would be involved in mannan catabolism, whereas the enzymes belonging to the GH130_2 subfamily would rather work in synergy with glycoside hydrolases of the GH92 and GH18 families in the breakdown of N-glycans. The use of GH130 inhibitors as therapeutic agents or functional foods could thus be considered as an innovative strategy to inhibit N-glycan degradation, with the ultimate goal of protecting, or restoring, the epithelial barrier.
Rural differentiation and class‐formation in Tanzania

The article looks at various specific processes of differentiation in rural Tanzania and attempts to relate these to the overall emergence of classes within the Tanzanian social formation and to its incorporation within the international capitalist system. After a brief introduction and outline of some important aspects of the Tanzanian economy and political structure, and a still briefer discussion of ‘Chayanovian’ proposals about an undifferentiated peasantry, the article outlines the developments of the colonial period and their implications for the patterns of differentiation observed. This is followed by a consideration of some of the more important specific processes. The final section attempts to pull this together into a coherent, though admittedly undertheorised, picture, focusing upon the ambiguous relationship of what is termed the ‘state class’ and the rich peasantry.
Impacts Of I/q Imbalance On Qpsk-ofdm-qam Detection

The impacts of the I/Q imbalance in the quadrature down-converter on the performance of a QPSK-OFDM-QAM system are studied. Either amplitude or phase imbalance introduces inter-channel interference (ICI). In addition to the ICI, there is a cross-talk between in-phase and quadrature channels in each and every sub-carrier when both amplitude and phase imbalances are present. The BER (bit error ratio) performance of QPSK sub-carriers are also calculated to illustrate the impacts of the I/Q imbalance. It is observed that with the amplitude imbalance less than 1 dB and phase imbalance less than 5 degrees, the degradation of BER performance is less than 0.5 dB for a BER>10/sup -6/.
Determinants of Knowledge Production and Their Effects on Regional Economic Growth

We provide a Bayesian spatial Markov Chain Monte Carlo model composition (MC3) analysis of growth rates in European regional patenting activity. Based on theoretical models on innovation and growth, we identify a large set of candidate explanatory variables that characterize regional stocks of knowledge, including: human resources devoted to innovative activity, scientific and technical capabilities, public and private investments, government policies, as well as regional industry structure, and indicators of regional technology gaps that reflect distance from the technological frontier. Our analysis shows that accommodating spatial dependence and heterogeneity leads to different conclusions regarding factors important for technological transfer and knowledge spillovers.
Illiquid Markets as a Counterparty: An Introduction to Conic Finance

Illiquid markets as a counterparty are modeled as accepting at zero cost a convex cone of random variables containing the nonnegative cash flows. Formulas are provided for bid and ask prices in terms of this marketed cone. Additionally closed forms are obtained when parametric concave distortions introduced in Cherny and Madan (2009) define the marketed claims. Finally explicit expressions price call and put options at bid and ask. Three applications illustrate. The first estimates the movement of the cone through the financial crisis using data on bid and ask prices for S&P 500 index options. It is observed that the cone contracted significantly in 2008 and slowly opened up thereafter. The second application documents the improvements possible in terms of reduced ask prices by hedging at a flat Black-Scholes volatility even when all the underlying assumptions for replication are violated. The third application considers a number of structured products written on daily returns to an underlying asset price.
Antecedents and Performance Outcomes of Diversification: A Review and Critique of Theoretical Perspectives

Three theoretical perspectives summarize diversification antecedents and performance outcomes. The first perspective examines diversification under the assumption of relative market perfection where, within industries, firms and products are homogeneous. The second perspective discusses diversification where both market and firm imperfections are assumed to exist. The thirdperspective also assumes market andfirm imperfections, butfurther assumes imperfect governance structures such that managerial motivesfor diversification are influential. These perspectives provide different explanations of antecedent resources and incentives that encourage (or discourage) diversification. This article reviews evidence associated with each perspective concerning the relationship between diversification and firm performance and offers suggestions forfuture research based on comparisons among these alternative perspectives.
Stabilizing Speculative Commodity Markets

This book reviews the problems caused by commodity price instability and develops a mathematical model for commodity markets. The implications of this model for intervention and the welfare effects are then considered. A fully developed model of the world copper market is used to investigate alternative buffer stock intervention rules in order to assess the scope and limitations of such stabilization strategies.
A Literature Review of Laboratory-Acquired Brucellosis

ABSTRACT Brucellosis is a bacterial zoonotic disease which has been associated with laboratory-acquired infections. No recent reviews have addressed the characteristics of laboratory-acquired brucellosis (LAB). English-language literature was reviewed to identify reports of laboratory exposures to Brucella spp. and LAB cases between 1982 and 2007. Evaluation of 28 case reports identified 167 potentially exposed laboratory workers, of whom 71 had LAB. Nine reports were identified that summarized an additional 186 cases of LAB. Only 18 (11%) exposures were due to laboratory accidents, 147 (88%) exposures were due to aerosolization of organisms during routine identification activities, and the circumstances of 2 (1%) exposures were unknown. Brucella melitensis was the causative agent in 80% (135/167) of the exposures. Workers with high-risk exposures were 9.3 times more likely to develop LAB than workers with low-risk exposures (95% confidence interval [CI], 3.0 to 38.6; P < 0.0001); they were also 0.009 times likelier to develop LAB if they took antimicrobial PEP than if they did not (95% CI, 0 to 0.042; P < 0.0001). The median incubation period in case and summary reports was 8 weeks (range 1 to 40 weeks). Antimicrobial PEP is effective in preventing LAB. The incubation period may be used to identify appropriate serological and symptom surveillance time frames for exposed laboratory workers.
Analysis of p53 gene mutations in acute myeloid leukemia

We have previously reported the absence of mutations within exons 5–9 of the p53 gene in a panel of 30 cases of acute promyelocytic leukemia (APL), which represent the M3 FAB type of acute myeloid leukemia (AML). In the present report, we extend our analysis of p53 gene mutations to 70 cases of AML representative of the other FAB types of the disease, including M1 (16 cases), M2 (20 cases), M4 (17 cases), M5 (12 cases), and M6 (5 cases). DNAs were analyzed for p53 gene mutations in exons 5 to 9 by polymerase chain reaction (PCR), single‐strand conformation polymorphism (SSCP), and direct sequencing of PCR‐ amplified products. Mutant p53 alleles were detected in 5 of 70 cases; 1 case in exon 5, 2 cases in exon 6, and 2 cases in exon 7. The alterations of the p53 gene were represented by point mutation leading to an amino acid substitution in four cases, and deletion in the remaining case. In four of the five cases, direct sequencing indicated the loss of the normal p53 allele; in the remaining case, two mutations were detected, presumably involving both p53 alleles. Three cases showed mutations at diagnosis; in the remaining two, the mutations were observed in clinical relapse but not at diagnosis. Our results confirm the relatively low incidence of p53 mutations in AML and further support the evidence that p53 plays a role in leukemogenesis through a recessive mechanism (two‐hit model) of inactivation of tumor suppressor activity. © 1994 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Stress in UK intensive care unit doctors.

BACKGROUND Doctors have long been considered at risk of occupational stress. METHODS A postal survey of all members of the Intensive Care Society using validated instruments. RESULTS Eight-five per cent of members returned questionnaires and 70% were eligible for the study. Twenty-nine per cent were suffering General Health Questionnaire-12 (GHQ-12) identified distress and 12% Symptom Checklist-Depression (SCL-D) defined depression. There were no significant age or sex differences between staff suffering distress or depression and those who did not. Dissatisfaction with career correlated highly with both distress and depression (P<0.01). Twenty doctors (3%) were bothered by suicidal thoughts. The most stressful aspects of work were bed allocation, being over-stretched, effect of hours of work and stress on personal/family life, and compromising standards when resources are short. Logistic regression revealed mental health problems were predicted by five stressors: 'lack of recognition of one's own contribution by others'; 'too much responsibility at times'; 'effect of stress on personal/family life'; 'keeping up to date with knowledge'; and 'making the right decision alone'. CONCLUSIONS Nearly one in three ICU doctors appeared distressed (GHQ), and one in 10 depressed (SCL-D); this is no greater than that reported in other specialities. Perceived stressors reveal some key areas of concern for the employer and the specialty.
Urban Policy in the Nordic Countries—National Foci and Strategies for Implementation1

Abstract In this paper we discuss the emergence and practise of an urban policy in the Nordic countries. We find that although the focus and organization vary among the five countries, there are common trends. Firstly, the emergence of an urban policy has challenged the Nordic welfare model because it emphasizes specific and geographically varied qualities, rather than general equity. Secondly, the emergence of an urban policy has challenged the traditional thinking about “urban” as a necessary evil, and replaced it with the notion of the “urban” as a positive driving force in society's well-being. Thirdly, the way urban policies are conceived and implemented has supplemented planning and regulations with programmes and initiatives involving local actors in governance based ways, but the state still has a strong role to play. The paper discusses these three statements based on a case study of the implementation of urban policies in the five Nordic countries.
Exchange Rate Volatility, Stock Market Performance and Foreign Direct Investment in Nigeria

This study investigated the impact of exchange rate volatility and stock market performance on the inflow of foreign direct investment to Nigeria using time series data from 1980 to 2013. It employed the ordinary least square technique and error correction mechanism in its estimations. The result revealed that exchange rate volatility has negative and significant effect on the inflow of foreign direct investment to Nigeria both in the long run and in the short run. It further revealed that market capitalization, proxy for stock market performance was positively signed and statistically significant. Apparently, a stable and well developed capital market will definitely attract direct foreign investment to Nigeria. The study recommends the pursuance of sound exchange rate management system and policies that will lead to increase in domestic production of export commodities. The study further recommends deepening of the capital market to provide the needed funds for investment and avoidance of dollarization of the economy to reduce the stress on foreign exchange earnings. Sound foreign reserve management practices are imperative for Nigeria as measures of maintaining the value of the naira and reduce the impact of international capital shocks.
Delayed Cyclic Activity Development on Early Amplitude-Integrated EEG in the Preterm Infant with Brain Lesions

Background: Maturation of amplitude-integrated electroencephalogram (aEEG) activity is influenced by both gestational age (GA) and postmenstrual age. It is not fully known how this process is influenced by cerebral lesions. Objective: To compare early aEEG developmental changes between preterm newborns with different degrees of cerebral lesions on cranial ultrasound (cUS). Methods: Prospective cohort study on preterm newborns with GA <32.0 weeks, undergoing continuous aEEG recording during the first 84 h after birth. aEEG characteristics were qualitatively and quantitatively evaluated using pre-established criteria. Based on cUS findings three groups were formed: normal (n = 78), mild (n = 20), and severe cerebral lesions (n = 6). Linear mixed models for repeated measures were used to analyze aEEG maturational trajectories. Results: 104 newborns with a mean GA (range) 29.5 (24.4–31.7) weeks, and birth weight 1,220 (580–2,020) g were recruited. Newborns with severe brain lesions started with similar aEEG scores and tendentially lower aEEG amplitudes than newborns without brain lesions, and showed a slower development of the cyclic activity (p < 0.001), but a more rapid increase of the maximum and minimum aEEG amplitudes (p = 0.002 and p = 0.04). Conclusions: Preterm infants with severe cerebral lesions manifest a maturational delay in the aEEG cyclic activity already early after birth, but show a catch-up of aEEG amplitudes to that of newborns without cerebral lesions. Changes in the maturational aEEG pattern may be a marker of severe neurological lesions in the preterm infant.
Intermarriage and the Labor Market Outcomes of Asian Women

type="main" xml:id="ecin12229-abs-0001"> The impact of intermarriage with natives, on labor market outcomes of immigrants, is not homogeneous across ethnic groups. Wages of Asian women are compared with non-Asians. Both ordinary least squares and instrumental variables estimates of the effects of intermarriage on the wages of Asian women are negative and significant. Non-Asian women earn a wage premium that becomes insignificant when controls for selection into marriage are introduced. One possible explanation for the intermarriage penalty for Asians is an income effect of having a high-earning native husband. Intermarriage penalties rise with husband's education. Assimilation patterns of intermarried Asians indicate that they have lower initial wages, market hours, and employment, but exhibit faster rates of growth over their years of stay. The results are robust across Asian subgroups and husband's ethnicity . ( JEL J16, J12, J31, J61)
On the Number of 3-D IC Floorplan Configurations and a Solution Perturbation Method with Good Convergence

3D IC can significantly alleviate the interconnect problem coming with the decreasing feature size and increasing integrated density. In this work, we concentrate on the 3D IC floorplanning. It is proved that the number of configuration of 3D floorplans is less than that of planar floorplans. Sequence pair is extended (P-SP) to represent 3D IC floorplans. A new solution perturbation method remove and insertion (RI) is implemented based on the technique of enumerating insertion points in P-SP, which is used in the traditional simulated annealing algorithm. The experimental results demonstrate the efficiency and the effectiveness of the proposed method
A New Paradigm of Entrepreneurship vis-à-vis Liberalization and Globalization

The ‘entrepreneur’ deserves to be re-conceptualized in view of the emerging trends associated with liberalization and globalization. What we have discussed in this article are pointers to an emerging paradigm shift in the concept of entrepreneurship in consonance with the different challenges/opportunities of globalization and liberalization. An eclectic paradigm, psychic pressure of potential competition (contestable market) at the global level, the issues in getting rid of path dependency, particularly of the backlog of licence/control regime, the aspects of getting to play ‘strategically’ with big competitors such as multi-national corporations (MNCs) (through collaborations) and, above all, the market character meshed up in the ‘institutional’ parameters that condition entrepreneurial efficiency are some of the constituent elements that need to be incorporated in the newer concept of entrepreneurship.