Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Connecting the Dots: How Local Structure Affects Global Integration in Infants

Glass patterns are moirés created from a sparse random-dot field paired with its spatially shifted copy. Because discrimination of these patterns is not based on local features, they have been used extensively to study global integration processes. Here, we investigated whether 4- to 5.5-month-old infants are sensitive to the global structure of Glass patterns by measuring visual-evoked potentials. Although we found strong responses to the appearance of the constituent dots, we found sensitivity to the global structure of the Glass patterns in the infants only over a very limited range of spatial separation. In contrast, we observed robust responses in the infants when we connected the dot pairs of the Glass pattern with lines. Moreover, both infants and adults showed differential responses to exchanges between line patterns portraying different global structures. A control study varying luminance contrast in adults suggests that infant sensitivity to global structure is not primarily limited by reduced element visibility. Together our results suggest that the insensitivity to structure in conventional Glass patterns is due to inefficiencies in extracting the local orientation cues generated by the dot pairs. Once the local orientations are made unambiguous or when the interpolation span is small, infants can integrate these signals over the image.
Easy Calibration of a Blind-Spot-Free Fisheye Camera System Using a Scene of a Parking Space

Mounting three fisheye cameras, on the sides and rear of a vehicle, can help a driver maneuver his/her vehicle in restricted environments by providing a top view that is generated from these three fisheye cameras. To generate the top view, the pose of each fisheye camera must first be calibrated. In this paper, we propose an easy method of calibrating such a fisheye camera system by observing the scene of a parking space. First, each camera pose relative to the ground is estimated from the typical line pattern of a parking space. Then, the relative pose among the three cameras is refined using the overlapping region of the ground between the neighboring cameras. Finally, if necessary, any small deviation of the pose of the camera system can manually be adjusted by an interactive interface. Since the calibration of the fisheye camera system can be performed without preparing a specific calibration pattern for this particular purpose beforehand, the proposed method can reduce the workload on the user. Experimental results reveal the effectiveness of the proposed method.
: An exploratory study

younger than 44 y.o. ; The odds were statistically significantly higher in respondents with diagnosed severe anxiety (vs. no anxiety, aOR 26.0, p<0.001), alcohol use disorder (vs. no disorder, aOR 7.9, p = 0.004) and suicidal behaviour disorder (vs. no suicidality, aOR 5.3, p = 0.01). Conclusions: One-month prevalence of OCD in Latvian general adult population is 0.6%. Young age, diagnosed severe anxiety, suicidal behaviour and alcohol use disorder are significantly associated with the OCD.
Deriving a Generalized, Actuator Position-Independent Expression for the Force Output of a Scissor Lift

Scissor lifts, a staple of mechanical design, especially in competitive robotics, are a type of linkage that can be used to raise a load to some height, when acted upon by some force, usually exerted by an actuator. The position of this actuator, however, can affect the mechanical advantage and velocity ratio of the system. Hence, there needs to be a concrete way to analytically compare different actuator positions. However, all current research into the analysis of scissor lifts either focusses only on the screw jack configuration, or derives separate force expressions for different actuator positions. This, once again, leaves the decision between different actuator positions to trial and error, since the expression to test the potency of the position can only be derived once the position is chosen. This paper proposes a derivation for a general force expression, in terms of a few carefully chosen position variables, which can be used to generate the force expression for any actuator position. Hence, this expression illustrates exactly how each of the position variables (called a, b and i in this paper, as defined later) affect the force output, and hence can be used to pick an appropriate actuator position, by choosing values for the position variables that give the desired result.
How many graphs are unions of k‐cliques?

We study the number $ F [n;k] $ of n‐vertex graphs that can be written as the edge‐union of k‐vertex cliques. We obtain reasonably tight estimates for $ F [n;k] $ in the cases (i) k = n − o(n) and (ii) k = o(n) but $ k/log\, n \to\infty $. We also show that $ F [n;k] $ exhibits a phase transition around $ k = log_2 n $. We leave open several potentially interesting cases, and raise some other questions of a similar nature. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Graph Theory 52: 87–107, 2006
Method to support diagnosis of cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN) based on structural analysis of histological images

Histopathology is considered one of the most important tools for diagnosis in medical routine. It is characterized by the study of structural and morphological changes of the cells, caused by diseases in biological tissues. The use of computational techniques in the processing of histopathological images allows the identification of structural elements as well as the determination of inherent characteristics, supporting the study of the structural organization of tissues and their pathological changes. Within this perspective, the overall objective of this work includes the proposal, the implementation and the evaluation of a methodology for the analysis of cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN) from histopathological samples through techniques based on Neighbourhood Graphs theory and Complex Networks. The proposed method was evaluated concerning the detection of the presence of lesions in the tissue. The maximum accuracy obtained in the evaluation of the detection of abnormalities was 88%. Since this method is generic, it can be applied to other types of lesions and tissues.
A different view on the Necker cube—Differences in multistable perception dynamics between Asperger and non-Asperger observers

Background During observation of the Necker cube perception becomes unstable and alternates repeatedly between a from-above-perspective (“fap”) and a from-below-perspective (“fbp”) interpretation. Both interpretations are physically equally plausible, however, observers usually show an a priori top-down bias in favor of the fap interpretation. Patients with Autism spectrum disorder are known to show an altered pattern of perception with a focus on sensory details. In the present study we tested whether this altered perceptual processing affects their reversal dynamics and reduces the perceptual bias during Necker cube observation. Methods 19 participants with Asperger syndrome and 16 healthy controls observed a Necker cube stimulus continuously for 5 minutes and indicated perceptual reversals by key press. We compared reversal rates (number of reversals per minute) and the distributions of dwell times for the two interpretations between observer groups. Results Asperger participants showed less perceptual reversal than controls. Six Asperger participants did not perceive any reversal at all, whereas all observers from the control group perceived at least five reversals within the five minutes observation time. Further, control participants showed the typical perceptual bias with significant longer median dwell times for the fap compared to the fbp interpretation. No such perceptual bias was found in the Asperger group. Discussion The perceptual system weights the incomplete and ambiguous sensory input with memorized concepts in order to construct stable and reliable percepts. In the case of the Necker cube stimulus, two perceptual interpretations are equally compatible with the sensory information and internal fluctuations may cause perceptual alternations between them—with a slightly larger probability value for the fap interpretation (perceptual bias). Smaller reversal rates in Asperger observers may result from the dominance of bottom-up sensory input over endogenous top-down factors. The latter may also explain the absence of a fap bias.
'n Eksperiment in verband met die interpretasie van sielkundige toetse

A new approach to psychological measurement was followed in which 18 scores were obtained from six tests in 24 min. The hypotheses were tested (a) that psychological tests could be constructed, presented and scored in such a way that separate dimensions of aptitude, speed and accuracy could be measured by the same tests and (b) that prediction of a criterion could be improved by taking all three of these dimensions into account in the interpretation of test results. The first hypothesis was confirmed but the finding with regard to the second was not decisive, possibly because the tests were not sufficiently relevant to the criterion of university success, and because the reliabilities of the tests were too low. It was suggested that further research is conducted with this approach to psychological measurement.
Emerald Article: Exploring Consumer Value of Multi-channel Shopping: a Perspective of Means-end Theory Exploring Consumer Value of Multi-channel Shopping: a Perspective of Means-end Theory

(2012),"Exploring consumer value of multi-channel shopping: a perspective of means-end theory" For Authors: If you would like to write for this, or any other Emerald publication, then please use our Emerald for Authors service. Information about how to choose which publication to write for and submission guidelines are available for all. Additional help for authors is available for Emerald subscribers. Please visit www.emeraldinsight. com/authors for more information. About Emerald www.emeraldinsight. com With over forty years' experience, Emerald Group Publishing is a leading independent publisher of global research with impact in business, society, public policy and education. In total, Emerald publishes over 275 journals and more than 130 book series, as well as an extensive range of online products and services. Emerald is both COUNTER 3 and TRANSFER compliant. The organization is a partner of the Committee on Publication Ethics (COPE) and also works with Portico and the LOCKSS initiative for digital archive preservation. Abstract Purpose – With advances in information technology, multi-channel shopping (MCS) has become a prevailing purchasing pattern today. Although MCS provides more benefits than single-channel shopping, there is a need to investigate consumer values in the MCS context. This study aims to develop a consumer value hierarchy that represents how consumers think and pursue when performing MCS. Design/methodology/approach – The research framework was developed from a perspective of means-end theory. Two studies were designed to elicit and evaluate a consumer value hierarchy of MCS. First, a qualitative study was conducted to explore means-end elements of MCS. Then, a hierarchical value map of MCS was constructed with 314 usable responses from an empirical survey in Taiwan. The impacts of past shopping experience on consumers' value perceptions were also examined. Findings – In the hierarchical value map (HVM) of MCS, the results indicate 18 means-end chains from ten MCS attributes resulting in nine consequences derived from those attributes, and then to four MCS values. The results also show that both expert and novice shoppers emphasize the utilitarian value of MCS; however, shopping novices pay more attention to the hedonic value of MCS than experts do. Practical implications – This paper provides several managerial implications for multi-channel retailers. Multi-channel retailers need to know more about the attributes and functions of each channel that they offer in order to create a superior shopping experience for their customers. Also, retailers need to understand different MCS patterns for successful multi-channel customer relationship management. Finally, the …
On the Expressivity of Two Refinements of Multiplicative Exponential Linear Logic

An apparatus and a method for chucking an optical disk and for driving a tray in an optical disk player. Combined gears 40 includes a plurality of gears. In accordance with the revolutions of the combined gears, an optical disk is chucked, and a tray 12 is loaded. That is, when the combined gears 40 revolve, they are meshed with a first gear unit 50 to load the tray 12. If the combined gears 40 further revolve, then a protruding piece 48 of the combined gears 40 is engaged with a slider cam 37 to activate a chucking means. In a state with the optical disk chucked, if the tray 12 is to be loaded, the combined gears 40 mesh with a second gear unit.
Inflammatory Lesions of the Tooth Pulp Induce Changes in Brainstem Neurons of the Rat Trigeminal Subnucleus Oralis

Neuroplastic changes are known to occur in the CNS in response to injury of peripheral nerves. Previous investigation has demonstrated neuroplasticity in second-order neurons of the subnucleus oralis (SO) of the trigeminal (V) nuclear complex in association with aseptic injury to the tooth pulp. A question arises, therefore, as to whether similar changes occur in response to injury associated with inflammation induced by tooth pulp infection. The effects of tooth pulp infection on the mechanoreceptive fields (RFs) of SO neurons were examined in rats. Infection was established by exposure and removal of the coronal pulp of the mandibular first molar, which was left open to the oral environment for 7 (n = 5) or 28 (n = 6) days. Neurons in SO were then electrophysiologically characterized in chloralose/urethane-anesthetized rats. The RF and the response properties of 118 low-threshold mechanoreceptive (LTM) neurons from seven-day-old rats and 149 LTM neurons from 28-day-old rats were compared with those of 204 LTM neurons tested in 11 untreated (control) rats. Significant differences were noted in RF size and location when control, seven-day-old, and 28-day-old groups were compared. Radiographic examination revealed inconsistencies among examiners in the interpretation of periapical lesions < 2 mm in diameter and general agreement in the identification of periapical lesions > 2 mm in diameter. Histological examination of teeth with pulp exposure revealed superficial necrosis and inflammation without periapical extension in the seven-day-old animals and total pulp necrosis with periapical inflammation, abscess formation, and alveolar bone resorption in the 28-day-old animals. The results indicate that neuroplastic changes in LTM oralis neurons can develop subsequent to tooth pulp infection and that there may be a correlation between the incidence of these changes and the extension of the attending inflammation from the pulp to the dental supporting tissues.
Concise Lookup Tables for IPv4 and IPv6 Longest Prefix Matching in Scalable Routers

We present a distinct longest prefix matching (LPM) lookup scheme able to achieve exceedingly concise lookup tables (CoLT), suitable for scalable routers. Based on unified hash tables for handling both IPv4 and IPv6 simultaneously, CoLT excels over previous mechanisms in: 1) lower on-chip storage for lookup tables; 2) simpler table formats to enjoy richer prefix aggregation and easier implementation; and 3) most importantly, deemed the only design able to accommodate both IPv4 and IPv6 addresses uniformly and effectively. As its hash tables permit multiple possible buckets to hold each prefix (following a migration rule to avoid false positives altogether), CoLT exhibits the best memory efficiency and can launch parallel search over tables during every LPM lookup, involving fewer cycles per lookup when on-chip memory is used to implement hash tables. With 16 (or 32) on-chip SRAM blocks clocked at 500 MHz (achievable in today's 65-nm technology), it takes 2 (or 1.6) cycles on average to complete a lookup, yielding 250 (or 310+) millions of packets per second (MPPS) mean throughput. Being hash-oriented, CoLT well supports incremental table updates, besides its high table utilization and lookup throughput.
The biocleavage of alkyl glyceryl ethers in Morris hepatomas and other transplantable neoplasms.

This study compares the ether-cleaving ability of normal rat liver homogenate with various transplantable tumor homogenates. The results show that the cleavage system is the most active in normal rat liver and Morris Hepatoma 7794A, much less active in Hepatoma 7777, and very low or absent in the other tumors tested. These data demonstrate that neoplasms that contain high levels of O -alkyl-diacylglycerols do not have an active alkyl ether cleavage system.
Adult medulloblastoma comprises three major molecular variants.

PURPOSE Medulloblastoma is a rare primary brain tumor in adults, whereas it constitutes the most common malignant brain tumor in children. Integrated genomics approaches revealed at least four distinct disease variants in children. The aim of this study was to investigate molecular subtypes and their prognostic implication in a large cohort of adult medulloblastomas as the biology in this age group remains poorly understood. PATIENTS AND METHODS We combined transcriptome and DNA copy number analyses for 28 adult medulloblastomas. Statistical and bioinformatic tools were applied to discover distinct molecular variants. Clinical and molecular characteristics of each biologic subtype were validated using immunohistochemistry on a tissue microarray derived from an independent patient cohort of adult medulloblastomas (n = 103). RESULTS Gene expression profiles revealed three distinct molecular variants with stable subtype separation using the 300 most varying transcripts. Distinct demographics, genetics, transcriptome, and prognosis were noted for each subtype of adult medulloblastoma. Immunohistochemistry revealed aberrant activation of the sonic hedgehog (SHH) pathway in over half of adult medulloblastomas constituting a promising molecular therapeutic target. In contrast, subtype C tumors, which comprise a robust subtype in childhood medulloblastoma are only exceptionally seen in adult cohorts. Notably, adult subtype D and Wnt/wingless tumors were associated with worse prognosis than pediatric cohorts, whereas survival for SHH tumors was similar for both age groups. CONCLUSION The transcriptome of adult medulloblastomas differs considerably from pediatric counterparts, both in terms of tumor biology and prognostic impact. Therefore, age-specific classification is required and must be adapted for use in clinical trials of adult medulloblastoma.
Photovoltaic module and array performance characterization methods for all system operating conditions

This paper provides new test methods and analytical procedures for characterizing the electrical performance of photovoltaic modules and arrays. The methods use outdoor measurements to provide performance parameters both at standard reporting conditions and for all operating conditions encountered by typical photovoltaic systems. Improvements over previously used test methods are identified, and examples of the successful application of the methodology are provided for crystalline- and amorphous-silicon modules and arrays. This work provides an improved understanding of module and array performance characteristics, and perhaps most importantly, a straight- forward yet rigorous model for predicting array performance at all operating conditions. For the first time, the influences of solar irradiance, operating temperature, solar spectrum, solar angle-of- incidence, and temperature coefficients are all addressed in a practical way that will benefit both designers and users of photovoltaics.
Histological Correlation of Glandular Abnormalities in Cervical Liquid-Based Cytology

Conventional Papanicolaou smear method is still commonly used for cervical cancer screening in Japan, despite the liquid-based cytology (LBC) that has become a global tendency in the world recently. One of the obstacles in the way of popularization of this method seems to be the confusion as to diagnosis upon cervical glandular lesions. We performed comparison study between LBC and conventional Papanicolaou smear about cytological diagnosis using split-sample method in 4522 patients. In 13 cases analyses, which were reported with either AGC or adenocarcinoma by either method, LBC tends to be milder than that by conventional smear, however, the credibility of LBC is considered to be near to that of conventional smear with regard to screening for glandular abnormalities. These results indicate that cervical cancer screening should shift to LBC under the enough experience and appropriate dealing with the cytological diagnosis.
Optical effects of space weathering: The role of the finest fraction

The optical properties of lunar softs are different than those of rocks from which they are derived. As a consequence of lunar space weathering, soils are darker and exhibit a distinctive red-sloped continuum and weaker mineral absorption bands. The accumulation of dark glass-welded aggregates (agglutinates) has been thought to account for these optical effects of space weathering on lunar soils. Spectroscopic analyses of agglutinate separates and size fractions for a suite of lunar softs presented here indicate that the agglutinate paradigm is insufficient to fully account for lunar optical alteration. It is the finest fraction of lunar soils (<25 gm which constitute -25 wt %) that dominates the optical properties of the bulk soil. Unlike size fractions of most silicates for which the finest fraction is the brightest, the lunar soil size fractions all have comparable albedos in the short-wavelength visible. In the near infrared, however, it is the finest fraction that exhibits the steep red continuum and weak absorption bands. The properties of the finest fraction cannot be duplicated by preparing a fine fraction by grinding larger agglutinate-rich soil particles. These results suggest space weathering on airless bodies is dominated by surface correlated processes (perhaps associated with the development of fine-grained Fe o on or near the surface of grains), and the accumulation of the larger agglutinates is not necessarily required to account for lunar optical alteration.
Water , Electricity , and Telecommunications in the Caribbean : Benchmarking Sectors and Systems

Benchmarking represents one of the most valuable tools available to regulators. In island economies, the number of comparable infrastructure firms will be small—unless comparable data from other islands can be assembled. Of course, regulators must agree on data definitions and on procedures for sharing information for benchmarking to be a useful input in price reviews and in the development of incentive plans for state and privately owned enterprises. Furthermore, when benchmarking infrastructure sector performance, the analyst is implicitly (if not explicitly) benchmarking a nation’s entire regulatory system (which goes beyond the actions of the regulatory agency). Regional cooperation in data collection and analysis can reduce information asymmetries associated with regulation; simultaneously, more transparency on utility performance invites comparisons of regulatory performance across countries.