Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Functional hyperemia in the brain: hypothesis for astrocyte-derived vasodilator metabolites.

BACKGROUND Cerebral blood flow is tightly coupled to neuronal metabolic activity, a phenomenon referred to as functional hyperemia. The mechanisms underlying functional hyperemia in the brain have been extensively studied, but the link between neuronal activation and nutritive blood flow has yet to be defined. Recent investigations by our laboratory and others have identified a potential role for astrocytes as an intermediary cell type in this process. SUMMARY OF REVIEW This short review will develop the hypothesis that cytochrome P450 epoxygenase activity in astrocytes catalyzes formation of epoxyeicosatrienoic acids (EETs), which act as potent dilators of cerebral vessels and are released in response to glutamate receptor activation within astrocytes. Neuronal activity stimulates release of arachidonic acid from the phospholipid pool of astrocytic membranes. We provide evidence that the arachidonic acid released on stimulation of glutamate receptors within astrocytes is metabolized by cytochrome P450 2C11 cDNA enzymes into EETs. CONCLUSIONS The EETs thus formed will be released and activate K+ channels, increase outward K+ current, and hyperpolarize the plasma membrane. The resulting membrane hyperpolarization inhibits voltage-gated Ca2+ channels and leads to arteriolar dilation, thereby increasing regional nutritive blood flow in response to neuronal activity.
Fading With Time of PD-L1 Immunoreactivity in Non–Small Cells Lung Cancer Tissues: A Methodological Study

Blockade of inhibitory immune checkpoints is currently arising as a potential immunologic option for tumor therapy. Inhibition of programmed cell death protein 1 and/or its specific ligand programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1) was effective in clinical trials in advanced melanoma, non–small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) bladder and kidney cancer. The predictive role of the immunohistochemical (IHC) expression of PD-L1 is highly debated. Different reagents, clones, cutoffs of cell expression and subjective interpretation of PD-L1 immunoreactivity in epithelial cells and lymphocytes are the main issue. In this study we selected 58 consecutive NSCLC surgical specimens that underwent pathologic examination from January 2014 to July 2015. Using a tissue microarray approach we evaluated the IHC expression of PD-L1 in tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes and tumor cells (TCs) and compared the ICH staining with tumor histology, grade and the age of the tissue blocks. The main new finding was the fading of PD-L1 IHC expression in TCs in tissues processed in 2014 compared with 2015. PD-L1 expression in tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes in the 2 years was similar. We also found a significant higher immunoreactivity of TCs in high grade NSCLC and in the squamous carcinoma histotype compared with low grade tumors and the adenocarcinoma histology (P=0.013). We demonstrated that the IHC evaluation of PD-L1 in NSCLC archival tissues is feasible and can be implemented in a routine pathology setting, but it should be carefully assessed in tissue blocks older than 1 year.
Circularly polarized broadband triangular microstrip antenna with slits for C band

This paper presents the simulation results and analysis of a right triangular microstrip patch antenna (RTPA) with slits for C band communication. In this paper due to the effect of length of SMA connector, the broadband behavior of antenna with circular polarization is achieved. Conventionally the tip of SMA connector is taken underneath of the patch but here the tip of SMA connector is taken up to a height above the patch. In this modified antenna structure an impedance bandwidth (VSWR 2:1) of order of 27% with respect to central frequency 7.0GHz and circularly polarized bandwidth of order of 8.8% with respect to frequency 7.45GHz is observed. The maximum gain and directivity values for proposed structure are 5.06dBi and 5.60dBi respectively.
Systemically dispersed innate IL-13–expressing cells in type 2 immunity

Type 2 immunity is a stereotyped host response to allergens and parasitic helminths that is sustained in large part by the cytokines IL-4 and IL-13. Recent advances have called attention to the contributions by innate cells in initiating adaptive immunity, including a novel lineage-negative population of cells that secretes IL-13 and IL-5 in response to the epithelial cytokines IL-25 and IL-33. Here, we use IL-4 and IL-13 reporter mice to track lineage-negative innate cells that arise during type 2 immunity or in response to IL-25 and IL-33 in vivo. Unexpectedly, lineage-negative IL-25 (and IL-33) responsive cells are widely distributed in tissues of the mouse and are particularly prevalent in mesenteric lymph nodes, spleen, and liver. These cells expand robustly in response to exogenous IL-25 or IL-33 and after infection with the helminth Nippostrongylus brasiliensis, and they are the major innate IL-13–expressing cells under these conditions. Activation of these cells using IL-25 is sufficient for worm clearance, even in the absence of adaptive immunity. Widely dispersed innate type 2 helper cells, which we designate Ih2 cells, play an integral role in type 2 immune responses.
Nothingness and the aspiration to universality in the poetic ‘making’ of sense: an essay in comparative east–west poetics

ABSTRACT As a contribution to comparative East-West poetics, this essay descries a common resource of Western and classical Chinese literatures in certain “apophatic” modes of thought and discourse that are oriented to what cannot be said, to what is manifest only in and through a certain evasion and defiance of all efforts to verbalize and conceptualize it. This argument is developed in critical counterpoint with the work of interpreting Chinese classical poetry and thought by the French philosopher and sinologist François Jullien. Jullien acutely apprehends and elegantly expounds the deeply apophatic bent of Chinese poetics. However, he sets Chinese thought and poetry categorically apart from Western approaches, whereas my analysis brings them together under the aegis of their common inspiration from the experience of the limits of language vis-à-vis an unspeakable origin of thinking and its source in reality.
Exploring the linkages of cognitive style and individual innovativeness

Purpose - This study aims to explore a crucial but less-understood antecedent of individual innovativeness – cognitive style. Design/methodology/approach - Data for this study were collected using a survey questionnaire administered to 201 individuals with industry work experience. Kolb’s learning style inventory was utilized to classify individuals into different cognitive styles. One-way ANOVA and multiple linear regression were utilized to test the hypotheses. Findings - This study reveals that individual differences in grasping and transforming experiences significantly influence their innovativeness. Individuals whose cognitive learning styles are characterized by abstract conceptualization and active experimentation are more likely to exhibit innovativeness as compared to individuals with cognitive learning styles characterized by concrete experiences and reflective observation. Consequently, convergers who combine both the favorable modes of experience grasping and transformation are most likely to be innovative. Practical implications - Promoting individual innovativeness is crucial for successful organizational innovation. This study reveals that an understanding of the cognitive style of the employees can help managers allocate appropriate individuals to various tasks. Originality/value - While it has been conceptually argued that cognition is an important antecedent of individual innovativeness, emphasis in this stream of research is predominantly on cognitive abilities. This study extends previous research by empirically testing the impact of cognitive style on individual innovativeness.
IMAGING STUDY: Exposure to smoking cues during an emotion recognition task can modulate limbic fMRI activation in cigarette smokers

Smoking cues (SCs) refer to smoking‐associated environmental stimuli that may trigger craving and withdrawal symptoms, and predispose to relapse in smokers. Although previous brain imaging studies have explored neural responses to SCs, no study has characterized the effects of SCs on cerebral activity in smokers engaged in an attention‐demanding cognitive task that is unrelated to smoking. Thirteen tobacco smokers and a demographically matched group of 13 healthy non‐smokers participated in a fast event‐related functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) study that involved a visual task integrating SCs and neutral cues (NCs) during emotion recognition trials requiring a high level of attention. No significant SC‐induced alterations were detected in smokers' behavioural performance. fMRI results show that non‐smokers exhibited no difference between SC and NC trials; in contrast, smokers showed SC‐induced widespread deactivations in a limbic, paralimbic and striatal network classically involved in addiction, and activation in the right dorsolateral prefrontal cortex. In addition, a correlation between deactivation of the right insula and the severity of smoking dependence (Fagerström test) was detected in smokers. These results suggest that the neural reactivity of smokers to SCs can be modified in the context of a cognitive challenge. This could reflect smokers' ability to inhibit cue‐induced craving and may help in smoking cessation.
The Gene Ontology Categorizer

The Gene Ontology Categorizer, developed jointly by the Los Alamos National Laboratory and Procter & Gamble Corp., provides a capability for the categorization task in the Gene Ontology (GO): given a list of genes of interest, what are the best nodes of the GO to summarize or categorize that list? The motivating question is from a drug discovery process, where after some gene expression analysis experiment, we wish to understand the overall effect of some cell treatment or condition by identifying 'where' in the GO the differentially expressed genes fall: 'clustered' together in one place? in two places? uniformly spread throughout the GO? 'high', or 'low'? In order to address this need, we view bio-ontologies more as combinatorially structured databases than facilities for logical inference, and draw on the discrete mathematics of finite partially ordered sets (posets) to develop data representation and algorithms appropriate for the GO. In doing so, we have laid the foundations for a general set of methods to address not just the categorization task, but also other tasks (e.g. distances in ontologies and ontology merger and exchange) in both the GO and other bio-ontologies (such as the Enzyme Commission database or the MEdical Subject Headings) cast as hierarchically structured taxonomic knowledge systems.
Developers' Perceptions on Object-Oriented Design and Architectural Roles

Software developers commonly rely on well-known software architecture patterns, such as MVC, to build their applications. In many of these patterns, classes play specific roles in the system, such as Controllers or Entities, which means that each of these classes has specific characteristics in terms of object-oriented class design and implementation. Indeed, as we have shown in a previous study, architectural roles are different from each other in terms of code metrics. In this paper, we present a study in a software development company in which we captured developers' perceptions on object-oriented design aspects of the architectural roles in their system and whether these perceptions match the source code metric analysis. We found that their developers do not have a common perception of how their architectural roles behave in terms of object-oriented design aspects, and that their perceptions also do not match the results of the source code metric analysis. This phenomenon also does not seem to be related to developers' experience. We find these results alarming, and thus, we suggest software development teams to invest in education and knowledge sharing about how their system's architectural roles behave.
Reduction of Delay in Detecting Initial Dips from Functional Near-Infrared Spectroscopy Signals Using Vector-Based Phase Analysis

In this paper, we present a systematic method to reduce the time lag in detecting initial dips using a vector-based phase diagram and an autoregressive moving average with exogenous signals (ARMAX) model-based q-step-ahead prediction algorithm. With functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS), signals related to mental arithmetic and right-hand clenching are acquired from the prefrontal and left primary motor cortices, respectively. The interrelationship between oxygenated hemoglobin, deoxygenated hemoglobin, total hemoglobin and cerebral oxygen exchange are related to initial dips. Specifically, a threshold value from the resting state hemodynamics is incorporated, as a decision criterion, into the vector-based phase diagram to determine the occurrence of initial dips. To further reduce the time lag, a [Formula: see text]-step-ahead prediction method is applied to predict the occurrence of the dips. A combination of the threshold criterion and the prediction method resulted in the delay time of about 0.9[Formula: see text]s. The results demonstrate that rapid detection of initial dip is possible and therefore can be used for real-time brain-computer interfacing.
PREVENCIÓN DE LA VIOLENCIA FAMILIAR, ESCOLAR Y URBANA EN UNA COMUNIDAD DE ALTO RIESGO PSICOSOCIAL PREVENTION OF FAMILY, SCHOOL AND URBAN VIOLENCE IN A HIGH PSYCHOSOCIAL RISK COMMUNITY

In the Clinical Psychology Program for Adolescents, prevention devices of specific pathologies that are present in adolescents with high psychosocial risk have been implemented. The aim of these devices is to opti mise the possibility of creating and maintaining commu nity groups that can assist the teenage population at risk and their family and that can prevent behaviours of fam ily, social and educational disruption (violent, suicidal and self-destructive transgressive behaviours). In this study, the prevention experience in Family, School and Urban Violence in state schools in the district of Avellaneda, which was carried out by the Prevention and Assistance Unit, is presented. The data obtained by means of the Exposure to Com munity Violence Questionnaire show the high risk of death and/or self-destruction these adolescents are ex posed to and corroborate the high psychosocial and community vulnerability that prevails in this population and its environment.
Misinformation on abortion

ABSTRACT Objective To find the latest and most accurate information on aspects of induced abortion. Methods A literature survey was carried out in which five aspects of abortion were scrutinised: risk to life, risk of breast cancer, risk to mental health, risk to future fertility, and fetal pain. Findings Abortion is clearly safer than childbirth. There is no evidence of an association between abortion and breast cancer. Women who have abortions are not at increased risk of mental health problems over and above women who deliver an unwanted pregnancy. There is no negative effect of abortion on a woman's subsequent fertility. It is not possible for a fetus to perceive pain before 24 weeks’ gestation. Misinformation on abortion is widespread. Literature and websites are cited to demonstrate how data have been manipulated and misquoted or just ignored. Citation of non-peer reviewed articles is also common. Mandates insisting on provision of inaccurate information in some US State laws are presented. Attention is drawn to how women can be misled by Crisis Pregnancy Centres. Conclusion There is extensive promulgation of misinformation on abortion by those who oppose abortion. Much of this misinformation is based on distorted interpretation of the scientific literature.
Fasting serum C-peptide is useful for initial classification of diabetes mellitus in children and adolescents

Purpose With rising obesity rates in children, it is increasingly difficult to differentiate between type 1 and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T1DM, T2DM) on clinical grounds alone. Using C-peptide as a method of classifying diabetes mellitus (DM) has been suggested. This study aimed to find a correlation between fasting C-peptide level and DM types in children and adolescents. Methods A total of 223 diabetic children, newly diagnosed at 5 hospitals between January 2001 and December 2012, were enrolled in this study. Initial DM classification was based on clinical and laboratory data including fasting C-peptide at diagnosis; final classification was based on additional data (pancreatic autoantibodies, human leukocyte antigen type, and clinical course). Results Of 223 diabetic children, 140 were diagnosed with T1DM (62.8%) and the remaining 83 with T2DM (37.2%). The mean serum C-peptide level was significantly lower in children with T1DM (0.80 ng/mL) than in children with T2DM (3.91 ng/mL). Among 223 children, 54 had a serum C-peptide level <0.6 ng/mL; they were all diagnosed with T1DM. The proportion of children with T2DM increased in accordance with C-peptide level. Forty-nine of 223 children had a C-peptide level >3.0 ng/mL; 48 of them (97.9%) were diagnosed with T2DM. Conclusion In this study, we found that if the C-peptide level was <0.6 ng/mL at diagnosis, T2DM could be excluded; if C-peptide level was >3.0 ng/mL, a T1DM diagnosis is unlikely. This finding suggests that serum fasting C-peptide level is useful for classifying DM type at the time of diagnosis in youth.
T cells recognize both conformational and cryptic determinants on the insulin molecule

T lymphocytes from strain 2 guinea pigs were studied for recognition of isolated insulin A and B chains. Insulin‐immune T cells require intact conformation of the interchain disulfide bond that forms the A chain loop but do not require the B chain. In addition, strain 2 T cells were unexpectedly found to recognize unique epitopes on isolated insulin B chain that are not generated by presentation of native insulin. These data show that the T cell repertoire of strain 2 guinea pig for insulin includes both conformational and cryptic determinants.
Mingulay reef complex: an interdisciplinary study of cold-water coral habitat, hydrography and biodiversity

The Mingulay reef complex in the Sea of the Hebrides west of Scotland was first mapped in 2003 with a further survey in 2006 revealing previously unknown live coral reef areas at 120 to 190 m depth. Habitat mapping confirmed that distinctive mounded bathymetry was formed by reefs of Lophe- lia pertusa with surficial coral debris dating to almost 4000 yr. Benthic lander and mooring deployments revealed 2 dominant food supply mechanisms to the reefs: a regular rapid downwelling of surface water delivering pulses of warm fluorescent water, and periodic advection of high turbidity bottom waters. Closed chamber respirometry studies suggest that L. pertusa responds to seawater warming, such as that seen during the rapid downwelling events, with increases in metabolic rate. Lipid biomarker analy- sis implies that corals at Mingulay feed predominantly on herbivorous calanoid copepods. Integrating geophysical and hydrographical survey data allowed us to quantify the roles of these environmental factors in controlling biodiversity of attached epifaunal species across the reefs. Longitudinal structur- ing of these communities is striking: species richness (α) and turnover (β) change significantly west to east, with variation in community composition largely explained by bathymetric variables that are spa- tially structured on the reef complex. Vibro-cores through the reef mounds show abundant coral debris with significant hiatuses. High resolution side-scan sonar revealed trawl marks in areas south of the coral reefs where vessel monitoring system data showed the highest density of local fishing activity. The interdisciplinary approach in this study allowed us to record the food supply and hydrographic environ- ment experienced by L. pertusa and determine how it may be ecophysiologically adapted to these con- ditions. Improved basic understanding of cold-water coral biology and biodiversity alongside efforts to map and date these long-lived habitats are vital to development of future conservation policies.
Implementation and Evaluation of the Bucket Flattening Omega Network of the Parallel Relational Database Server SDC-II

This paper presents the implementation and performance evaluation of the Bucket Flattening Omega Network of the SDC-II, the Super Database Computer II. The SDC-II is a highly parallel relational database server, which consists of eight data processing modules interconnected by two networks. Parallelism in the parallel relational database processing on the shared nothing architecture would suffer from skewed data distribution and collisions in the interconnection networks. The network of the SDC-II was designed to ofer an architectural support of the Bucket Spreading hash join algorithm, which enables the system to have linear performance scalability even with skewed data distributions. The additional functionality introduced into the network can generate a flat bucket distribution, which is essential to the algorithm, while providing almost conflict free routing. Each switching unit of the network is implemented on an FPGA chip, and its performance is evaluated to compare with an implementation without hardware szlpport. The evaluation results show that the eflective bandwidth of the latter implementation degrades to almost half of the ideal bandwidth, while little degradation is observed with the hardware support during all-toall communication phase of the algorithm.
SR : A Cross-Layer Routing in Wireless Ad Hoc Sensor Networks

In this paper, we extend our early work on safety information in wireless ad hoc sensor networks to the realis tic communication model in which each node has the opportunity t o receive the signal from any node in the entire network. The sa fety information is a value ∈ [0, 1] at each node which is calculated in a fully distributed manner based on 1-hop neighborhood information. It indicates the maximum probability of a successful straightforward path from this node to a destination along the edge of the networks. Such information can be used to mitigat e the impact of local minima and achieve more straightforward paths in the geographic greedy forwarding. The whole constr uction process can converge quickly and be controlled in a limi ted area. By integrating with the MAC protocols, its cost can be minimized. Both analytical and experimental results illustrate that our new approach is cost-effective, compared with the b est results known to date.
Looking for hand shape based biometric devices interoperability

Identification of people through hand based biometry has been lately researched by different scientific groups due to its simplicity, reliability, and acceptability. In the very early years several works based on different acquisition devices or procedures has been presented. In this paper we focused the proposal on a property of the hand shape biometric devices that has been barely studied: the interoperability. In this paper we present a preliminary study based on a database composed by 1800 hand images acquired with 6 different hand-shape biometric approaches including flat scanner, webcams at different wavelengths, high quality cameras, and contactless devices acquiring the hand by both sides. Our results suggest we are in the way to reach acceptable results of interoperability.