Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Intakes of Folate and Vitamin B12 and Biomarkers of Status in the Very Old: The Newcastle 85+ Study

Very old adults are at increased risk of folate and vitamin B12 deficiencies due to reduced food intake and gastrointestinal absorption. The main aim was to determine the association between folate and vitamin B12 intake from total diets and food groups, and status. Folate or vitamin B12 intakes (2 × 24 h multiple pass recalls) and red blood cell (RBC) folate or plasma vitamin B12 (chemiluminescence immunoassays) concentrations were available at baseline for 731 participants aged 85 from the Newcastle 85+ Study (North-East England). Generalized additive and binary logistic models estimated the associations between folate and vitamin B12 intakes from total diets and food groups, and RBC folate and plasma B12. Folate intake from total diets and cereal and cereal products was strongly associated with RBC folate (p < 0.001). Total vitamin B12 intake was weakly associated with plasma vitamin B12 (p = 0.054) but those with higher intakes from total diets or meat and meat products were less likely to have deficient status. Women homozygous for the FUT2 G allele had higher concentrations of plasma vitamin B12. Cereals and cereal products are a very important source of folate in the very old. Higher intakes of folate and vitamin B12 lower the risk of “inadequate” status.
Doing the twist: a test of Darwin's cross-pollination hypothesis for pollinarium reconfiguration

Mating success in plants depends largely on the efficiency of pollen dispersal. For hermaphrodite plants, self-pollination, either within or among flowers, can reduce mating opportunities because of pollen and ovule discounting and inbreeding depression. Self-pollination may be particularly detrimental in plants such as orchids and asclepiads that package each flower's pollen into one or more pollinia which, together with accessory structures, comprise a pollinarium. Darwin proposed that physical reconfiguration of pollinaria serves as a mechanism for reducing the likelihood of self-pollination. To be effective, the time taken for pollinarium reconfiguration would need to exceed that spent by a pollinator on a plant. We investigated pollinarium reconfiguration (including pollinarium bending, pollinium shrinking and anther cap retention) in 19 species and found a strong positive relationship between reconfiguration time and the duration of pollinator visits. Reconfiguration times were also consistently longer than pollinator visit times. These results provide strong support for Darwin's idea that this mechanism promotes cross-pollination.
Network effects and psychological effects: a theory of urban movement

Correlations are regularly found in urban movement between conﬁgurational measures of the axial graph and observed movement patterns. This suggests that topological and geometric complexity are critically involved in how people navigate urban grids. This has caused diﬃculties with orthodox urban modelling, since there it has always been assumed that insofar as spatial factors play a role in navigation, it will be on the basis of metric distance. In spite of much experimental evidence from cognitive science that geometric and topological factors are involved in navigation, and that metric distance is unlikely to be the best criterion for navigational choices, the matter has not been convincingly resolved since no method has existed for extracting cognitive information from aggregate ﬂows. Within the space syntax literature it has also remained unclear how far the correlations that are found with syntactic variables at the level of aggregate ﬂows are due to cognitive factors operating at the level of individual movers, or are simply mathematically probable network eﬀects, that is emergent statistical eﬀects from the structure of line networks, independent of the psychology of navigational choices. Here we show how both problems can be resolved, by showing three things: ﬁrst, how cognitive inferences can be made from aggregate urban ﬂow data and distinguished from network eﬀects; second by showing unequivocally that urban movement, both vehicular and pedestrian, are shaped far more by the geometrical and topological properties of the grid than by its metric properties; and third by demonstrating that the inﬂuence of these factors on movement is a cognitive, not network, eﬀect.
Distributed Joint Channel and Routing Assignment for Multimedia Wireless Mesh Networks

Wireless mesh networks (WMNs) have been increasingly used to carry multimedia traffic with flow requirements. The performance of multi-radio multi-channel (MRMC) WMNs largely depends on the routing and channel assignment. Because routing and channel decisions are coupled, they need to be jointly optimized to achieve the best performance. This is the so-called routing and channel assignment (RCA) problem, which is known to be NP-hard. There has not been sufficient consideration on joint RCA optimization which takes into account multimedia traffic demands in the network. In this paper, we propose and study CRAFT (Channel and Routing Assignment with Flow Traffic) for MRMC WMNs. CRAFT is distributed, cooperative, computationally efficient and simple to implement. It jointly optimizes routing and channel assignment by using a properly designed objective function to meet the flow demands of the mesh nodes. Simulation results based on NS3 show that CRAFT performs much better than other state-of-the-art schemes in terms of convergence, delay, loss rate and throughput.
Peritoneal Dialysis-Related Infections Recommendations: 2005 Update

Peritonitis remains a leading complication of peritoneal dialysis (PD). It contributes to technique failure and hospitalization, and sometimes is associated with death of the patient. Severe and prolonged peritonitis can lead to peritoneal membrane failure. Therefore, the PD community continues to focus attention on prevention and treatment of PD-related infections.
Passive DNS Analysis Using Bro-IDS

The DNS system provides rich and interesting data that can be analyzed in order to extract beneficial information that could be used for different security measures. However, DNS has been used widely by adversaries to achieve their malicious goals. Different types of attacks are carried out using the DNS traffic such as Fast flux, DNS cache poisoning and spoofing, and amplification of DNS for DDoS attack. This paper tries to answer the question: why should organizations consider monitoring their DNS traffic and how they can benefits from implementing a passive DNS system within the environment. This paper presents a case study of analyzed DNS traffic using Bro-IDS and Microsoft Excel to calculate statistics and extract passive DNS data. The analysis results shows extracted statistics focusing on hosts, ports, protocols, visited domains, and number of queries.
Presynaptic CaV3.2 Channels Regulate Excitatory Neurotransmission in Nociceptive Dorsal Horn Neurons

It is generally accepted that presynaptic transmitter release is mainly regulated by subtypes of neuronal high-voltage-activated Ca2+ channels. Here for the first time, we examined the role of T-type Ca2+ channels (T-channels) in synaptic transmission in the dorsal horn (DH) of the spinal cord using patch-clamp recordings from acute spinal cord preparations from both rat and mouse. We found that selective pharmacological antagonism of T-channels inhibited spontaneous synaptic release of glutamate in superficial laminae I-II of the DH, while GABA release was spared. We found similar effect in identified nociceptive projection neurons of lamina I of the DH, but not in inhibitory DH interneurons. In comparison, antagonism of T-channels did not affect excitatory transmission in deeper non-nociceptive DH laminae. Furthermore, we used isoform-specific agents, knock-out mice and immunohistochemistry to specifically implicate presynaptic CaV3.2 channels. We also used an animal model of painful diabetic neuropathy to demonstrate that blocking T-channels in superficial DH neurons suppressed spontaneous excitatory synaptic transmission in diabetic rats in greater degree than in healthy age-matched animals. These studies provide previously unknown information regarding the role of presynaptic T-channels in nociceptive signaling in the spinal cord.
Enteroscopic identification of an adenocarcinoma of the small bowel in a patient with previously unrecognized hereditary nonpolyposis colorectal cancer syndrome

Tumors of the small bowel are uncommon and seldom suspected on a clinical basis. Together with the relative inaccessibility of the small bowel to endoscopic investigation, the rarity of these tumors undoubtedly delays their diagnosis. The case reported is of a patient with an adenocarcinoma of the jejunum presenting as gastrointestinal bleeding of obscure origin. Diagnosis was by push enteroscopy, after several years of unsuccessful radiological and upper and lower endoscopic evaluation. The patient's family fulfilled the Amsterdam criteria for hereditary nonpolyposis colorectal cancer syndrome, which was previously unrecognized. This report emphasizes the value of push enteroscopy and the limits of radiography of the small bowel when investigating patients with obscure GI bleeding. It also underlines the importance of a careful evaluation of the pedigree (concerning history of colorectal and extracolonic cancer) of all patients, including those who present with adenocarcinoma of the small bowel; it is similarly important to consider the possibility of small bowel cancer in members of families with hereditary nonpolyposis colorectal cancer (HNPCC) syndrome.
Facile Route to Polycrystalline Pd/ ${\rm SnO}_{2}$ Nanowires Using ZnO-Nanowire Templates for Gas-Sensing Applications

Polycrystalline Pd/SnO2 nanowires have been fabricated using ZnO-nanowire templates by the combination of thermal evaporation, pulsed-laser deposition, and dc sputtering. The rutile SnO2 nanocrystals were grown on the ZnO nanowire with Volmer-Weber mode due to the large lattice mismatch. The discrete Pd nanocrystals were also successfully deposited onto the nanostructures, which were identified by high-angle annual dark field scanning transmission electron microscopy. The 1-D polycrystalline SnO2 coatings with catalytically active Pd layer can effectively detect air-diluted H2S. The sensing behaviors can be understood by a Langmuir isotherm absorption model. The fabrication method provides a general strategy to prepare 1-D metal-oxide conductometric gas sensors.
THE INFLUENCE OF TRANSFORMATIONAL LEADERSHIP ON FOLLOWERS' RELATIONAL VERSUS COLLECTIVE SELF-CONCEPT.

In this paper we develop a conceptual framework for understanding the exceptional and diverse effects transformational leaders may have on their followers by integrating recent theories on followers' self-concept, and transformational leadership theory. We propose that transformational leadership exerts its effects by engaging two levels of follower's social-self concepts: the relational self and the collective self, leading to followers' personal identification with the leader and social identification with the organizational unit. Specific leader's behaviors that prime different aspects of followers' self-concepts are identified and their possible effects on different aspects of followers' perceptions and behaviors are discussed.
Identifying loops using DJ graphs

Loop identification is a necessary step in loop transformations for high-performance architectures. One classical technique for detecting loops is Tarjan's interval-finding algorithm. The intervals identified by Tarjan's method are single-entry, strongly connected subgraphs that closely reflect a program's loop structure. We present a simple algorithm for identifying both reducible and irreducible loops using DJ graphs. Our method is a generalization of Tarjan's method, as it identifies nested intervals (or loops) even in the presence of irreducibility.
Learning a hierarchical compositional representation of multiple object classes

Summary form only given. Visual categorization, recognition, and detection of objects has been an area of active research in the vision community for decades. Ultimately, the goal is to recognize and detect a large number of object classes in images within an acceptable time frame. This problem entangles three highly interconnected issues: the internal object representation which should expand sublinearly with the number of classes, means to learn the representation from a set of images, and an effective inference algorithm that matches the object representation against the representation produced from the scene. In the main part of the talk I will present our framework for learning a hierarchical compositional representation of multiple object classes. Learning is unsupervised, statistical, and is performed bottom-up. The approach takes simple contour fragments and learns their frequent spatial configurations which recursively combine into increasingly more complex and class-specific contour compositions.
Towards In Time Music Mood-Mapping for Drivers: A Novel Approach

Road safety is a huge concern due to the large number of fatalities and injuries caused by road accidents. Research has shown that fatigue can adversely affect driving performance and increase risk of road accidents. It has been shown that driving performance is enhanced by stress-relieving music which thereby promotes safer driving. Context-aware music delivery systems promote safer driving through intelligent music recommendations based on contextual knowledge. Two key aspects of situation-aware music delivery are effectiveness and efficiency of music recommendation. Efficiency is a critical aspect in real-time context based music recommendation as the music delivery system should quickly sense any change in the situation and deliver suitable music before the sensed context-data becomes obsolete. We focus on the efficiency of situation-aware music delivery systems in this paper. Music mood-mapping is a process which helps in understanding the mood of a song and is hence used in situation-aware music recommendation systems. This process requires a large processing time due to the complex calculations and large sizes of music files involved. Hence, optimizing this process is the key to improving the efficiency of context-aware music delivery systems. Here, we propose a novel cloud and crowd-sensing based approach to considerably optimize the efficiency of situation-aware music delivery systems.
Design and usability evaluation of a multi-modal memory restructuring system for the treatment of co

This paper discusses the design and usability evaluation of a system to support treatment of veterans suffering from a combat related Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD), focusing on restructuring, reappraising and relearning of past events. The proposed application allows patients and therapist to visualize and talk about the patient’s past experience by placing maps, personal pictures, stories and self created 3D virtual worlds related to past dispatches on a set timeline. The design followed a situated cognitive engineering approach; after a domain analysis a number of possible scenarios were created and reviewed by experts in the field, followed by the implementation and evaluation of several prototypes. A case study and a follow-up experiment with 18 participants, focusing on evaluating the usability of three main interface components (timeline and navigation control, content manager and the 3D world editor), indicated that the system showed no major usability issues and that the system was easy to use.
Reasoning about Ontology Mappings

The use of logic-based representations in distributed environments such as the semantic web has lead to work on the representation of and reasoning with mappings between distributed ontologies. Up to now the investigation of reasoning methods in this area was restricted to the use of mapping for query answering or subsumption reasoning. In this paper, we investigate the task of reasoning about the mappings themselves. We identify a number of properties such as consistency and entailment of mappings that are important for validating and comparing mappings. We provide formal definitions for these properties and show how the properties can be checked using existing reasoning methods by reducing them to local and global satisfiability testing in distributed description logics.
Integrating Graphic and Audio Windows

It is important to exploit sound as a vital communication channel for computer-human interfaces. Developing this potential motivates both developing expressive models unique to audio and also exploring analogues to visual modes of representation. This paper elaborates an organization of presentation and control that implements a flexible sound management system called audio windows. After reviewing audio imaging, spatial sound, and relevant underlying technology, an audio windowing prototype is described, implementing an extended model of free-field, two-dimensional spatial sound control. The system, Maw (acronymic for multidimensional audio windows), is a GUI (graphic user interface), integrating a graphic editor with a multidimensional spatial sound engine. Standard idioms for WIMP (window, icon, menu, pointing device) systems are reinterpreted for audio window applications, including provisions for directionalized and nonatomic spatial sound objects. Unique features include draggably rotating icons, clusters, dynamically collapsible hierarchical groups of spatial sound objects, and an autofocus mode that is used to disambiguate multiple presence.
Optimality theory and phonological acquisition

The past ten years have shown an ever-increasing revival of interest in phonological acquisition. The introduction of Optimality Theory (OT; Prince & Smolensky 1993) has played a major role in this revival. Both “markedness” and “constraints on outputs” have often figured in accounts of phonological development, and these concepts are central in OT. The most fundamental change is probably that OT has reinstated continuity: developmental grammars and final adult grammars have the same representational units and organizational principles. In the work by Jakobson (1941) and Stampe (1969) the development from an initial grammar to a final grammar had been pictured as a continuous process. For Jakobson development consisted of a gradual unfolding of a system of contrasts. For Stampe the initial grammar consisted of a set of unordered innate rules, while the final state consisted of an ordered subset of these rules. Development, then, consisted of suppressing the rules inappropriate to the adult target grammar and ordering the target-appropriate rules. In subsequent work, most notably by Smith (1973) and Kiparsky & Menn (1977) the child’s developmental grammar(s) no longer had any principled relation to the target adult grammar.1 In both works development mainly consisted of getting rid of a set of child-specific rules or strategies that filtered the target adult forms. Once this filter had been removed the target adult form and the child’s production were identical. However, the ability to produce a target-appropriate form cannot be equaled to having acquired the adult grammar. Development in this view is thus noncontinuous: the initial grammar, the “filter”, does not develop into a mature grammar, but disappears without leaving a trace. In Parameter theory (Dresher & Kaye 1990, Fikkert 1994) there is continuity between developmental grammars and mature grammars: in the initial state of the grammar parameters have a default setting, and development consists of setting the appropriate parameters to their marked values. However, the successes of Parameter theory have largely remained domain-specific, in the sense that they have been confined to syllable structure and stress. In OT the basic idea is that constraints are innate and universal and come with an initial ranking where all markedness constraints (segmental, syllabic, and prosodic well-formedness constraints) outrank all faithfulness constraints (constraints requiring similarity between underlying and surface representations). The learner needs to acquire the language-specific ranking of these constraints. By subsequent rerankings, the initial
Automatic generation of tourist brochures

We present a novel framework for the automatic generation of tourist brochures that include routing instructions and additional information presented in the form of so‐called detail lenses. The first contribution of this paper is the automatic creation of layouts for the brochures. Our approach is based on the minimization of an energy function that combines multiple goals: positioning of the lenses as close as possible to the corresponding region shown in an overview map, keeping the number of lenses low, and an efficient numbering of the lenses. The second contribution is a route‐aware simplification of the graph of streets used for traveling between the points of interest (POIs). This is done by reducing the graph consisting of all shortest paths through the minimization of an energy function. The output is a subset of street segments that enable traveling between all the POIs without considerable detours, while at the same time guaranteeing a clutter‐free visualization.
Cognitions, mediating variables, and strength performance.

The effectiveness of five types of cognitive preparation on strength performance was examined in a 2 X 5 (Pre- and Posttest × Mental Preparation Condition) design, with repeated measures on pre-posttest. The mental preparation conditions were: arousal, attention, imagery, self-efficacy, and a control read condition. Immediately following the posttest trials, subjects completed a questionnaire measuring various cognitive states. The results showed that preparatory arousal and self-efficacy techniques produced significantly greater posttest strength performance than the control group. Analysis of the postexperimental questionnaire data suggested that a general effect of the preparation strategies used was to focus attention on the task to be performed. It was concluded that the effectiveness of a particular cognitive strategy may depend on the nature of the task to be performed and the particular aspects of the task to which attention is directed.
DINAMIKA PENYESUAIAN DIRI PEREMPUAN USIA EMERGING ADULTHOOD TANPA PENGALAMAN DATING

Penelitian ini dilakukan dengan tujuan memperoleh gambaran dinamika penyesuaian diri pada perempuan usia emerging adulthood yang tidak memiliki pengalaman dating. Dating atau hubungan pacaran merupakan faktor pendukung individu usia emerging adulthood untuk memenuhi tugas perkembangan di usia selanjutnya. Melalui dating, individu belajar berbagi, bersosialisasi, terbuka, saling percaya, serta berkomitmen. Tidak semua individu pada usia emerging adulthood memiliki pengalaman dating. Berdasarkan wawancara terhadap dua informan yaitu perempuan emerging adulthood berstatus no dating, diperoleh hasil bahwa komitmen berperan penting dalam pemaknaan serta pencapaian fungsi dating. Intimacy tidak cukup memuaskan individu khususnya perempuan, ketika menjalin relasi dengan lawan jenis. Oleh karena itu individu akan tetap merasa sendiri dan sepi. Kondisi fisik menjadi hal lain yang dapat memperparah individu untuk semakin terbelenggu dalam status no dating. Kesimpulannya adalah setiap individu melakukan kompensasi yang berbeda atas status no dating yang disandang, bisa dalam hal kehidupan sosial juga karir. Kompensasi dalam dua ranah tersebut menunjukkan bahwa status no dating bukan penghalang bagi individu dalam menyesuaikan diri.