Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Comparative metabolism of benzo(a)pyrene and covalent binding to hepatic DNA in English sole, starry flounder, and rat.

Metabolism of benzo(a)pyrene (BaP) in vivo and in vitro was studied using two benthic fish species, English sole (Parophrys vetulus) and starry flounder (Platichthys stellatus), and Sprague-Dawley rats. At 24 h after administration of BaP (7.9 mumol/kg of body weight) to fish either p.o. (Experiment 1) or i.p. (Experiment 2), the specific activity of binding of BaP metabolites to hepatic DNA (pmol of BaP equivalent per mg of DNA) was higher in sole [2.1 in Experiment 1; 28 +/- 5 (SE) in Experiment 2] than in flounder (0.5 in Experiment 1; 14 +/- 4 in Experiment 2). Treatment of bile with beta-glucuronidase and arylsulfatase released a significantly higher proportion of 7,8-dihydroxy-7,8-dihydro-BaP (BaP 7,8-diol) from sole bile than from flounder bile in both experiments. However, the rate of BaP metabolism and rate of formation of BaP 7,8-diol by hepatic microsomes were comparable for both fish species. Thus, the differences in both the level of DNA binding and the concentration of BaP 7,8-diol in bile of BaP-exposed sole and flounder were apparently due to differences in detoxication, rather than formation, of BaP 7,8-oxide and BaP 7,8-diol-9,10-epoxide. The rate of formation of BaP 7,8-diol by rat liver microsomes (28 +/- 1 pmol of BaP 7,8-diol formed per min per mg of protein) was comparable to that by hepatic microsomes from both fish species (50 +/- 10 for sole and 33 +/- 6 for flounder), although the rate of BaP metabolism (600 +/- 200) was approximately 3 times greater than that by the fish species (190 +/- 60 for sole and 180 +/- 40 for flounder). Thus, greater proportion of BaP was converted to BaP 7,8-diol by liver microsomes of fish species than rat. These differences in BaP metabolism in vitro help explain, in part, the substantially lower binding (0.3 +/- 0.1; Experiment 2) for hepatic DNA in BaP-exposed rat than that in either sole or flounder.
Seamless integration of 3G and 802.11 wireless network

Recently, the interworking of 3G and 802.11 wireless data networks has become a very hot topic. These two kinds of networks have relatively mutual complementary features. The seamless integration of these two networks can surely improve the service availability and flexibility if the end users could do roaming across heterogeneous networks with simple multiple-interface terminals. In this paper, our solution of 3G/802.11integration is expatiated in detail. The solution includes four main nodes: a smart home agent, an 802.11 gateway called PDIF, a 3G gateway called PDSN and a multiple-interface terminal without mobile IP stack. The mobility scheduling module inside the home agent could do the packets scheduling and mobility notification in accord with the handover situations and local policies. The enhanced Mobile IP stack in PDIF and PDSN could work in proxy mode, which could provide mobility support for mobile terminals without mobile IP stack. The detailed description is made on home agent, PDIF, PDSN and mobile terminals. We also present the system performance testing result.
A 48–61 GHz LNA in 40-nm CMOS with 3.6 dB minimum NF employing a metal slotting method

This paper presents a low noise amplifier realized in 40-nm CMOS technology for the 60 GHz ISM band. To reduce the noise contribution from the input passive structure, a new metal slotting method is applied to the transmission line for increasing the effective conducting cross-section area. The design incorporates additional noise matching between the common-source stage and the common-gate stage to reduce the noise impact by the latter stage. The measured noise figure is below 4 dB from 51 GHz to 65 GHz, 3.6 dB at 55 GHz and 3.8 dB at 60 GHz. The achieved 3 dB power gain bandwidth is 13 GHz, from 48 GHz to 61 GHz. The peak transducer gain (Gt) is 15 dB at 55 GHz, and 12.5 dB at 60 GHz. The total power consumption is 20.4 mW.
Impact of Online Dating, Cyber Stalking, Cybersex, and Pornography on Mental Health

Online behavior varies according to the purpose and situations and many get involved in intimate relations, like in online dating, which have an impact on the person and his mental health. The chapter focused on the impact of online dating, cyber stalking, cybersex, and pornography on mental health. Though many studied the online dating among adolescents and adults, that of old age group is not yet fully explored especially about their sexual needs. It is worth exploring factors related to risky sexual behaviors among gay and bisexual individuals. Online dating for mentally ill people is an under-researched area. Cyberstalking is an important issue, especially among adolescents and young adults, and cybersex and cyber pornography threatens the safety and mental health in addition to the problems of addiction and child trafficking, and it is linked with high sexual risk behaviors and sex crimes. It is necessary to develop tailored psychotherapeutic and pharmacological interventions by taking into account the complexity and heterogeneity of the problems.
Quantum Computation and Quantum Information: Bibliography

Preface Acknowledgement Nomenclature and notation Part I. Fundamental Concepts: 1. Introduction and overview 2. Introduction to quantum mechanics 3. Introduction to computer science Part II. Quantum Computation: 4. Quantum circuits 5. The quantum Fourier transform and its applications 6. Quantum search algorithms 7. Quantum computers: physical realisation Part III. Quantum Information: 8. Quantum noise, open quantum systems, and quantum operations 9. Distance measurement for quantum information 10. Quantum error-correction 11. Entropy and information 12. Quantum information theory Appendix A. Notes on basic probability theory Appendix B. Group theory Appendix C. Approximating quantum gates: the Solvay-Kitaev theorem Appendix D. Number theory Appendix E. Public-key cryptography and the RSA cryptosystem Appendix F. Proof of Lieb's theorem References Index.
Performance analysis and alternative proposals for DTMB system

Digital television terrestrial multimedia broadcasting (DTMB) is the digital television terrestrial broadcasting (DTTB) standard apllied in the People's Republic of China. The performance degradation of each transmission step in DTMB system is analyzed thoroughly in this paper. The overall degradation includes two main parts: the time-frequency bandwidth loss and imperfect coded modulation scheme. This analysis provides the guideline for the potential improvement in each step. Aiming to retrieve degradations in each process, we propose some alternative and effective proposals which could be adopted in future DTTB system.
Four-dimensional $N = 1$ super Yang–Mills theory from an $M$-theory orbifold

Gravitational and gauge anomalies provide stringent constraints on which subset of chiral models can effectively describe M-theory at low energy. In this paper, we explicitly construct an abelian orbifold of M-theory to obtain an N=1, chiral super Yang-Mills theory in four dimensions, using anomaly matching to determine the entire gauge and representation structure. The model described in this paper is the simplest four dimensional model which one can construct from M-theory compactified on an abelian orbifold without freely-acting involutions. The gauge group is SO(12) x SU(8) x SU(2) x SU(2) x U(1).
An Hα survey aiming at the detection of extraplanar diffuse ionized gas in halos of edge-on spiral galaxies I. How common are gaseous halos among non-starburst galaxies?

In a series of two papers we present results of a new Hα imaging survey, aiming at the detection of extraplanar diffuse ionized gas in halos of late-type spiral galaxies. We have investigated a sample of 74 nearby edge-on spirals, covering the northern and southern hemisphere. In 30 galaxies we detected extraplanar diffuse emission at mean distances of |z |∼ 1−2 kpc. Individual filaments can be traced out to |z |≤ 6 kpc in a few cases. We find a good correlation between the FIR flux ratio (S 60/S 100) and the SFR per unit area (LFIR/D 2), based on the detections/non-detections. This is actually valid for starburst, normal and for quiescent galaxies. A minimal SFR per unit area for the lowest S 60/S 100 values, at which extended emission has been detected, was derived, which amounts to u E thres = (3.2 ± 0.5) × 10 40 erg s −1 kpc −2 . There are galaxies where extraplanar emission was detected at smaller values of LFIR/D 2 , however, only in combination with a significantly enhanced dust temperature. The results corroborate the general view that the gaseous halos are a direct consequence of SF activity in the underlying galactic disk.
Flip angle and SAR maps induced by a head displacement in parallel transmission and with Cartesian feedback

Introduction: Taming the specific absorption rate (SAR) when using parallel transmission is one of the most challenging problems in MRI at high fields. Using sophisticated simulation tools, it has been shown that the peak local SAR varies with anatomy, but also with the resolution, size and other parameters of the numerical head model [1, 2]. When using 8 transmit channels, the parameter space at one instant in time is 16-dimensional (amplitude and phase for each channel) and hence grows as 16×n, where n is the number of sub-pulses, or discretization steps, used in the RF pulse design and played on each channel. In such a large space, the maximum local SAR value found over the irradiated volume can show considerable variations [3]. There remains, however, the question of how robust both SAR and flip angle (FA) landscapes remain with respect to small perturbations. A head displacement for instance not only changes the solutions of Maxwell’s equations but also alters the tuning, matching and interactions of the coils and thereby the currents flowing in them. Now Cartesian feedback [4] has been proposed as a solution to the latter problem. We therefore present the results of simulations showing the effects of small rotations of the head upon the FA and SAR landscapes with and without Cartesian feedback being applied.
Preferences and soft constraints in PDDL3

The notion of plan qualityin automated planning is a practically very important issue. In many real-world planning domains, we have to address problems with a large set of solutions, or with a set of goals that cannot all be achieved. In these problems, it is important to generate plans of good or optimal quality achieving all problem goals (if possible) or some subset of them. In the previous International planning competitions, the plan generation CPU-time played a central role in the evaluation of the competing planners. In the fifth International planning competition (IPC-5), while considering the CPU-time, we would like to give greater emphasis to the importance of plan quality. The versions of PDDL used in the previous two competitions (PDDL2.1 and PDDL2.2) allow us to express some criteria for plan quality, such as the number of plan actions or parallel steps, and relatively complex plan metrics involving plan makespan and numerical quantities. These are powerful and expressive in domains that include metric fluents, but plan quality can still only be measured by plan size in the case of propositional planning. We believe that these criteria are insufficient, and we propose to extend PDDL with new constructs increasing its expressive power about the plan quality specification.
The Independent and Interactive Effects of Tree‐Tree Establishment Competition and Fire on Savanna Structure and Dynamics

Savanna ecosystems are widespread and economically important and harbor considerable biodiversity. Despite extensive study, the mechanisms regulating savanna tree populations are not well understood. Recent empirical work suggests that both tree‐tree competition and fire are key factors in semiarid to mesic savannas, but the potential for competition to structure savannas, particularly in interaction with fire, has received little theoretical attention. We develop a minimalistic and analytically tractable stochastic cellular automaton to study the individual and combined effects of these two factors on savannas. We find that while competition often substantially depresses tree density, fire generally has little effect but can drive tree extinction in extreme scenarios. When combined, competition and fire interact nonlinearly with strong negative consequences for tree density. This novel result may help explain observed variability among apparently similar savannas in their response to fire. Paradoxically, this interaction could also render the presence of competition more difficult to detect in empirical studies because fire can override the characteristic regular spacing driven by competition and lead instead to clustering.
Communication-Aware Task Partition and Voltage Scaling for Energy Minimization on Heterogeneous Parallel Systems

Heterogeneous parallel systems have become popular in general purpose computing and even high performance computing fields. There are many studies focused on harnessing heterogeneous parallel processing for better performance. However the energy optimization for heterogeneous system has not been well studied. Owing to the differences in performance and energy consumption, the energy optimization technique for heterogeneous system is different from the existing methods designed for homogeneous system. Besides typical voltage scaling method, reasonable task partitioning is also an essential method for optimizing energy consumption on heterogeneous systems. Through partitioning a data parallel task and mapping sub-tasks onto several processors, one could achieve better performance and reduced energy consumption. As the computation cost reduces with specific accelerators, the communication overhead becomes more prominent. Therefore, the task partition optimization should holistically consider the computation improvement and communication overhead to achieve higher energy efficiency. Typically, task partition and voltage scaling are not orthogonal and influence the effect of each other in the energy optimization problem. In order to harness both two knobs efficiently, this paper proposes an integer linear programming (ILP) based energy-optimal solution designed for heterogeneous system. We present a case study of optimizing MGRID benchmark on a typical CPU-GPU heterogeneous system. The experimental results demonstrate that the proposed method could exploit the heterogeneity in different processors and achieve improved energy efficiency.
Data privacy protection using multiple cloud storages

With the rapid development of cloud computing and storage technologies, an increasing number of businesses and individuals are using cloud to store or backup data. However, when users upload private data to the cloud, they lose absolute control over the data. With the continued development of cloud storage, the protection of users' privacy has become a pertinent issue to be addressed. Currently, most users make use of a mainstream encryption algorithm to encrypt data before uploading and to decrypt the data after downloading and before use. To solve this problem, in this paper, we propose a new cloud storage privacy protection method that involves bit split (BS) and bit combination (BC). BS is performed on data and reassembled to form numerous part-files before these are uploaded to the different cloud storage servers. After downloading, the part-files from multiple cloud servers are combined to re-create the original file. Experiments show that this method is effective in protecting the privacy of the users' data, with a performance improvement of ~20 times compared with traditional encryption and decryption methods.
El restablecimiento temporal de controles en las fronteras interiores de la Unión Europea como respuesta a las amenazas al orden público y a la seguridad interior: entre la excepcionalidad y la normalidad

En los ultimos anos, los controles fronterizos en el seno del espacio Schengen se han restablecido y prorrogado casi cincuenta veces como respuesta a los movimientos secundarios de migrantes irregulares y del aumento de las amenazas terroristas transfronterizas al considerarse que ambos elementos constituian amenazas al orden publico y a la seguridad interior de los Estados. La imposicion de controles parece, por tanto, que ha adquirido una cierta normalidad cuando precisamente la propia Comision recuerda, de forma sistematica, que su aplicacion debe ser excepcional y limitada en el tiempo. Este estudio pretende hacer una valoracion del restablecimiento de los controles fronterizos a partir de lo previsto en la normativa en vigor y de la practica existente con el objetivo de determinar su incidencia en la definicion actual y futura del espacio Schengen como un ambito que pretende realmente garantizar una libre circulacion de personas.
Automatic code generation within student's software engineering projects

In this paper, we describe the integration of research and new teaching strategies into computer science and engineering departments at universities and colleges related to the automatic code generation, automatic development tools and integrated environments within student software (software) engineering and research projects. A significant amount of current software engineering research is conducted within the context of computer science, computing and engineering departments or colleges. However, every computer department has its own experiences, successes or pitfalls in Software Engineering and software development teaching and student research integration, which would be useful to share and discuss with the education community. We will discuss our experiences and results from seven years of teaching Software EngineeringCoSc 470/471 and Projects in Computer Science CoSc 224 (PCS) in Computer Information Systems (CIS) diploma and Bachelor of Computer Information Systems (BCIS) degree programs at Okanagan College (OC), Université Paris-Est Créteil (UPEC), France and almost 2 years of teaching at University of British Columbia Okanagan (UBC O). We suggest possible ways of integrating Software Engineering research and teaching strategies by using many different industrial software Engineering tools, development workbenches, frameworks and environments to automatize code generation and speed up student project development within student capstone projects into computer science departments at universities and colleges.
A graph theoretic approach for user identification using palmprint biometrics

In this paper a novel method for user identification using spectral properties of a graph of the palmprint is proposed. The orientation of the principal lines of palmprint is used to categorize the palmprint image into either right hand or left hand. The region of interest containing the principal lines of palmprint is divided into four zones and 'Hu' moments are extracted from these zones. The 'Hu' moments are represented as weights of undirected graph and spectral properties of the graph are extracted and used as features vectors. This topological characterization to the image moments is a novel feature of this work. The principal eigenvectors of the cost adjacency matrix of the graph are employed to represent the characteristic features of the palmprint. User identification is performed using multiclass support vector machine. The proposed method is evaluated on a database of 193 (386 palms) users, with 20 palmprint images of each user from PolyU palmprint database. The experimental results with cumulative match characteristic (CMC) curve demonstrate the performance for a rank-one of 97.28%.
Enduring vulnerability to reinstatement of methamphetamine‐seeking behavior in glial cell line‐derived neurotrophic factor mutant mice

Genetic factors are considered to play an important role in drug dependence/addiction including the development of drug dependence and relapse. With the use of a model of drug self‐administration in mutant mice, several specific genes and proteins have been identified as potentially important in the development of drug dependence. In contrast, little is known about the role of specific genes in enduring vulnerability to relapse, a clinical hallmark of drug addiction. Using a mouse model of reinstatement, which models relapse of drug‐seeking behavior in addicts, we provide evidence that a partial reduction in the expression of the glial cell line‐derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF) potentiates methamphetamine (METH) self‐administration, enhances motivation to take METH, increases vulnerability to drug‐primed reinstatement, and prolongs cue‐induced reinstatement of extinguished METH‐seeking behavior. In contrast, there was no significant difference in novelty responses, METH‐stimulated hyperlocomotion and locomotor sensitization, food‐reinforced operant behavior and motivation, or reinstatement of food‐seeking behavior between GDNF heterozygous knockout mice and wild‐type littermates. These findings suggest that GDNF may be associated with enduring vulnerability to reinstatement of METH‐seeking behavior and a potential target in the development of therapies to control relapse. –Yan, Y. , Yamada, K. , Niwa, M. , Nagai, T. , Nitta, A. , Nabeshima, T. Enduring vulnerability to reinstatement of methamphetamine‐seeking behavior in glial cell line‐derived neurotrophic factor mutant mice. FASEB J. 21, 1994–2004 (2007)
Polynomial Di eomorphisms of C 2 . IV : The Measure of Maximal Entropy and Laminar

The simplest holomorphic dynamical systems which display interesting behavior are the polynomial maps of C. The dynamical study of these maps began with Fatou and Julia in the 1920's and is currently a very active area of research. If we are interested in studying invertible holomorphic dynamical systems, then the simplest examples with interesting behavior are probably the polynomial diieomorphisms of C 2. These are maps f : C 2 ! C 2 such that the coordinate functions of f and f ? 1 are holomorphic polynomials. For polynomial maps of C the algebraic degree of the polynomial is a useful dynamical invariant. In particular the only dynamically interesting maps are those with degree d greater than one. For polynomial diieomorphisms we can deene the algebraic degree to be the maximum of the degrees of the coordinate functions. This is not, however, a conjugacy invariant. Friedland and Milnor FM] gave an alternative deenition of a positive integer deg f which is more natural from a dynamical point of view. If deg f > 1, then deg f coincides with the minimal algebraic degree of a diieomorphism in the conjugacy class of f. As in the case of polynomial maps of C, the polynomial diieomorphisms f with deg(f) = 1 are rather uninteresting. We will make the standing assumption that deg(f) > 1. For a polynomial map of C the point at innnity is an attractor. Thus the \recurrent" dynamics can take place only on the set K consisting of bounded orbits. A normal families argument shows that there is no expansion on the interior of K so \chaotic" dynamics can occur only on J = @K. This set is called the Julia set and plays a major role in the study of polynomial maps. For diieomorphisms of C 2 each of the objects K and J has three analogs. Corresponding to the set K in one dimension, we have the sets K + (resp. K ? ) consisting of the points whose orbits are bounded in forward (resp. backward) time and the set K := K + \ K ? consisting of points with bounded total orbits. Each of these sets is invariant and K is compact. As is in the one dimensional case, recurrence can occur only on the set K. Corresponding to the set J in dimension one, we have the sets J := @K , and the set J …