Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Quantitative effect of target translation on small RNA efficacy reveals a novel mode of interaction

Small regulatory RNAs (sRNAs) in bacteria regulate many important cellular activities under normal conditions and in response to stress. Many sRNAs bind to the mRNA targets at or near the 5′ untranslated region (UTR) resulting in translation inhibition and accelerated degradation. Often the sRNA-binding site is adjacent to or overlapping with the ribosomal binding site (RBS), suggesting a possible interplay between sRNA and ribosome binding. Here we combine quantitative experiments with mathematical modeling to reveal novel features of the interaction between small RNAs and the translation machinery at the 5′UTR of a target mRNA. By measuring the response of a library of reporter targets with varied RBSs, we find that increasing translation rate can lead to increased repression. Quantitative analysis of these data suggests a recruitment model, where bound ribosomes facilitate binding of the sRNA. We experimentally verified predictions of this model for the cell-to-cell variability of target expression. Our findings offer a framework for understanding sRNA silencing in the context of bacterial physiology.
Advertising to Women

ABSTRACT In spite of the enormous power that women wield in the marketplace, the role of women in advertisements is not commensurate with women as a powerful group. Studies demonstrate a gender bias in advertising, such that, despite their buying power, women are portrayed in stereotypical roles. This manuscript discusses ways that women are depicted in magazine advertisements and the effect of these marketing strategies on society. Also included is a discussion on ways that consumers can mitigate these influences. The article closes with a case example using Narrative Therapy and media literacy.
Formal Software Architecture Design of Secure Distributed Systems

This paper proposes a formal software architecture design method for distributed systems. The underlying formalism is the Software Architecture Model (SAM), a general software architecture model combining Petri nets and temporal logic. We present a two-tier structure for architectural modeling. The upper level models the workflow of a distributed system. Each place at the upper level is a super-place that corresponds to a lower level Petri net. An initial distributed architecture can be directly derived from the upper level model. Security of the architecture is checked using the dependence relation of the model. Security policies are enforced by systematically reconstructing the initial architecture. A Travel Planner is used as the example to demonstrate our approach to secure software architecture design of distributed systems.
Self-concept and attraction to physical activity: The effectiveness of an intervention programme to enhance children's level of physical activity

According to motivational theory physical self-perceptions are crucial to the intrinsic desire to engage in physical activity through play, games, and sport. While there has been prolific research with middle primary and older children little is known of the importance of young children’s physical self-concept and their motivation to engage in physical activity. This study had three major purposes. Firstly it aimed to examine the relationship between children’s self-concept, their attraction to physical activity, and level of physical activity. The second purpose of the study was to examine differences between boys’ and girls’ self-concept, attraction to physical activity and level of physical activity. The third purpose was to examine the effectiveness of an intervention programme designed to enhance children’s level of physical activity. In individual interviews children aged 6 – 8 years (N =334) completed the Self-Description Questionnaire 1 (SDQ-1) and the Children’s Attraction to Physical Activity (CAPA). This study also measured children’s level of physical activity with the use of pedometers. Control and experimental groups were assigned and a 24 week intervention programme was implemented to the experimental groups. Results revealed low to moderate relationships among the self-concept and attraction to physical activity variables. There were sex differences in the relationship among the variables. Girls showed a positive relationship between liking of games, and sports and level of physical activity. For the boys these variables were negatively related. Post intervention results have shown that girls reported an increased liking of physical exertion and exercise and vigorous physical activity while boys showed an increase in their level of physical activity. These findings have practical implications for teachers and child health professionals that will provide direction for facilitation of positive selfconcept and the increase of physical activity levels. 3
Targeted intervention for family and professional caregivers: Attachment, empathy, and compassion

Compassion should be the basis of medical care, and kindness and equanimity are essential qualities in those who care for the dying.1 There is growing concern, documented by the recent review of the Liverpool Care Pathway, the Francis Report, and media reports, that compassion has been lost in the care of the dying.2,3 Given the new understandings of neuroscience, it is possible that compassion and the apparent lack thereof may be rooted in our early attachment experiences and epigenetic changes. Because of early imprinting, both family and professional caregivers may have inherent difficulty in feeling compassion towards patients. Understanding the attachment styles of professional caregivers may allow for targeted interventions for them. There will not be a “one size fits all” intervention.
Quality in the Australian VET sector: what has been happening?

VET (vocational education and training) is a fascinating sector. Aligned closely with the labour market and sandwiched between two major sectors, it is continually buffeted by political winds, susceptible to the ideologies of different governments. Often labelled the ‘poor cousin’, debates continue to rage about its quality. This paper focuses on three questions: How has the VET sector been viewed in terms of quality? What does recent research say about quality in the VET sector? Can anything be done about it? In raising questions about the label ‘VET’, its vision and goals, its broad scope, who is driving, and the quality of teaching and training, the paper proposes five suggestions that could complement the main policy response of increased regulation. Given that much of the available evidence indicates quality of training as a significant issue, the paper concludes that the quality of the VET system is only as good as its teachers and trainers. Unless the quality of teaching, training and assessment is raised, quality in the VET system will continue to be an ongoing, serious concern that needs urgent attention.
Luddites Past and Present

THE WORDS "LUDDITE" and "Luddism" are widely used in labour conflicts, especially those involving technological innovation, to categorize one of the contending parties. Perhaps it is to a recognition of the revolutionary implica tions of computer and robotic industrial applications that a term from the classic period of the British Industrial Revolution owes at least part of its contemporary relevance. Unfortunately the use of the words "Luddite" and "Luddism" has tended to be arbitrary or partisan, or both. A few examples from the last dozen or so years will illustrate the point. In April 1984 the Toronto Globe and Mail denounced Arthur Scargill, the leader of the British coal miners' strike, as a "Pithead Luddite. " Its editorial attacked the leftist leader of the National Union of Mineworkers for using "flying pickets," promoting illegal strikes away from the collieries and "eco nomic vandalism. "1 At issue was the policy of economic "rationalization" of the coal mining industry imposed by the National Coal Board and Margaret Thatcher's Conservative government. Most mine workers and their leaders saw this as an ill-advised programme of pit closures that would ultimately cost some 20,000 jobs. Back in 1975 Prime Minister Harold Wilson used the word in the British
Software Deterioration And Maintainability – A Model Proposal

In this paper, we connect the notion of software maintainability with the problem of software deterioration. We propose a model that incorporates both of these aspects, which gives us a vocabulary and a more formal tool than before, and allows us to discuss how to maint ain software so as not to make it deteriorate. This paper describes the problem areas of software maintenance and software deterioration, describes the proposed model, and suggests ways of verifying it.
What causes a causal relation? Detecting Causal Triggers in Biomedical Scientific Discourse

Current domain-specific information extraction systems represent an important resource for biomedical researchers, who need to process vaster amounts of knowledge in short times. Automatic discourse causality recognition can further improve their workload by suggesting possible causal connections and aiding in the curation of pathway models. We here describe an approach to the automatic identification of discourse causality triggers in the biomedical domain using machine learning. We create several baselines and experiment with various parameter settings for three algorithms, i.e., Conditional Random Fields (CRF), Support Vector Machines (SVM) and Random Forests (RF). Also, we evaluate the impact of lexical, syntactic and semantic features on each of the algorithms and look at errors. The best performance of 79.35% F-score is achieved by CRFs when using all three feature types.
Equivalent Kernels of Smoothing Splines in Nonparametric Regression for Clustered/Longitudinal Data

For independent data, it is well known that kernel methods and spline methods are essentially asymptotically equivalent (Silverman, 1984). However, recent work of Welsh et al. (2002) shows that the same is not true for clustered/longitudinal data. Splines and conventional kernels are different in localness and ability to account for the within-cluster correlation. We show that a smoothing spline estimator is asymptotically equivalent to a recently proposed seemingly unrelated kernel estimator of Wang (2003) for any working covariance matrix. We show that both estimators can be obtained iteratively by applying conventional kernel or spline smoothing to pseudo-observations. This result allows us to study the asymptotic properties of the smoothing spline estimator by deriving its asymptotic bias and variance. We show that smoothing splines are consistent for an arbitrary working covariance and have the smallest variance when assuming the true covariance. We further show that both the seemingly unrelated kernel estimator and the smoothing spline estimator are nonlocal unless working independence is assumed but have asymptotically negligible bias. Their finite sample performance is compared through simulations. Our results justify the use of efficient, non-local estimators such as smoothing splines for clusteredslongitudinal data. Copyright Biometrika Trust 2004, Oxford University Press.
Heavy meromyosin labeling of intermediate filaments in cultured connective tissue cells

Mild treatment with trypsin causes a radical change in the heavy meromyosin (HMM) binding properties of intermediate filaments in glycerinated, myosin-extracted cultured chick embryo connective tissue cells. In non-trypsin-treated cells, HMM labeling of filaments was often indistinct and variable in its distribution. By contrast, in cells treated with trypsin (under conditions which allowed most intermediate filaments to survive), virtually all filaments, including those of intermediate size, decorated with HMM to give distinct arrowhead patterns. We suggest that most intermediate filaments in such cells contain a core of F-actin masked by trypsin-labile accessory proteins.
A 2.2-mW 20–135-MHz False-Lock-Free DLL for Display Interface in 0.15-  $\mu\hbox{m}$ CMOS

This brief describes a wide-range operating false-lock-free delay-locked loop (DLL) for a low-voltage differential signaling (LVDS) display interface. A false-lock detector circuit and a self-reset circuit internally prevent any possible false locks in a robust way. The proposed DLL immediately removes stuck false locks caused by an improper phase detector state. The DLL circuit does not require the duty ratio of the input clock to be 50%. The proposed circuit has been fabricated using the 0.15-μm 1P-6M mixed-mode CMOS technology. The proposed DLL is implemented for an LVDS display interface and supports operating from 20 to 135 MHz without any error. It consumes 2.2 mW under a 130-MHz operation.
Dohi ' s Reticulated Acropigmentation

Adriana Kamilly Leitão Pitman Machado1, Danielle Oliveira de Sousa1, Miguel Saraty de Oliveira1, Débora Bacellar Cruz Nunes1, Michelle Fonseca Goiabeira1, Beattriz Vaz Pereira Casagrande2, Walter Refkalefsky Loureiro1, Samira Oliveira Silveira1, Carolina Ribeiro Mainardi1, Francisca Regina Oliveira Carneiro1 1 Universidade do Estado do Pará. Belém, Pará, Brazil. 2 Hospital Ophir Loyola. Belém, Pará, Brazil.
Pulling together, pulling apart: the family lives of young people aged 16-18

In this study ‘ordinary’ young people (aged between 16 and 18) and their parents talk about their lives on their own terms. In-depth interviews explore issues of independence and relatedness, understandings of parental support and the meaning of ‘family’. They reveal how independence may mean different things to parents and young people; how parental control and authority can conflict with young people’s growing independence; and how there can be a very delicate balance between openness, guidance, secrecy and surveillance. In contrast to the problem-centred approach of much previous research, the study found that the vast majority of the sample described their family relationships in positive terms. Parents described how relationships with their children improved over the teenage years, becoming more based on companionship; young people emphasised personal responsibility and individual accountability. The researchers conclude that policies should build constructively on parental concerns to guide and advise their children, while being ready to rectify inequalities and fill absences around this vital resource for young people.
Determinants of Youth Suicide: A Friendly Comment with Suggestions

This study empirically examines determinants of youth (age 15-24) suicide over the 1960-1998 period. It finds that the rate of youth suicide was positively influenced by the divorce rate, the violent crime rate, and the Vietnam War, and negatively influenced by the percent of the total population composed of those age 15-24. The first three variables have been ignored in the research and the latter is at odds with the "conventional wisdom. " Copyright 2006 American Journal of Economics and Sociology, Inc.
Poverty, Inequality, and Discrimination as Sources of Depression Among U.S. Women

Poverty, inequality, and discrimination endanger women's well-being. Poverty is one of the most consistent predictors of depression in women, probably because it imposes considerable stress while attacking many potential sources of social support. Economic inequalities within societies are associated with reduced life expectancy and a variety of negative physical health outcomes. Parallel research on economic inequalities and depression has just begun. Discrimination maintains inequalities, condemns women to lives of lessened economic security, and exposes them to unmerited contempt. Although the mental health impact of poverty is documented and largely understood, the implications of inequality and discrimination are less well known. Much important work remains to be done, particularly research that connects individuals' mental health to ecological characteristics of the communities and societies in which they live.
Angiogenesis, immune system and growth factors: new targets in colorectal cancer therapy

Colorectal cancer is the second most common malignant human neoplasia. Over recent years, many efforts have been performed in order to develop and improve therapeutic protocols, and many advances have been accomplished in both the field of adjuvant and palliative therapy. Most of the chemotherapic agents currently used in the clinical setting are the products of decades of research aimed at inhibiting the uncontrolled growth of dysplastic cells. However, new frontiers in this field have recently been opened, with the identification of key molecules involved in physiologic mechanisms that are of fundamental importance for cancer development and progression. Tumor-induced angiogenesis, the cancer–immune system crosstalk and the effect of growth factors on dysplastic cells represent new fields of investigation for anticancer therapy.
ION VISCOSITY MEDIATED BY TANGLED MAGNETIC FIELDS: AN APPLICATION TO BLACK HOLE ACCRETION DISKS

We examine the viscosity associated with the shear stress exerted by ions in the presence of a tangled magnetic field. As an application, we consider the effect of this mechanism on the structure of black hole accretion disks. We do not attempt to include a self-consistent description of the magnetic field. Instead, we assume the existence of a tangled field with coherence length _coh, which is the average distance between the magnetic "kinks" that scatter the particles. For simplicity, we assume that the field is self-similar, and take 2cob to be a fixed fraction _ of the local disk height H. Ion viscosity in the presence of magnetic fields is generally taken to be the cross-field viscosity, wherein the effective mean free path is the ion Larmor radius 2L, which is much less than the ion-ion Coulomb mean free path 2u in hot accretion disks. However, we arrive at a formulation for a "hybrid" viscosity in which the tangled magnetic field acts as an intermediary in the transfer of momentum between different layers in the shear flow. The hybrid viscosity greatly exceeds the standard cross-field viscosity when (l/It.)_ (it./lu), where t--(2_ .t + l_ht)-t is the effective mean free path for the ions. This inequality is well satisfied in hot accretion disks, which suggests that the ions may play a much larger role in the momentum transfer process in the presence of magnetic fields than was previously thought. The effect of the hybrid viscosity on the structure of a steady-state, two-temperature, quasi-Keplerian accretion disk is analyzed. The hybrid viscosity is influenced by the degree to which the magnetic field is tangled (represented by _ -= 2coffH), and also by the relative accretion rate M/-_/E, where A_/E = LE/c 2 and Le is the Eddington luminosity. We find that ion viscosity in the presence of magnetic fields (hybrid viscosity) can dominate over conventional magnetic viscosity for fields that are tangled on sufficiently small scales.
SOLVING SYSTEMS OF NONLINEAR EQUATIONS IN Rn USING A ROTATING HYPERPLANE IN Rn "

A procedure which accelerates the convergence of iterative methods for the numerical solution of systems of nonlinear algebraic and/or transcendental equations in Rn is introduced. This procedure uses a rotating hyperplane in Rnil, whose rotation axis depends on the current approximation of n-1 components of the solution. The proposed procedure is applied here on the traditional Newton's method and on a recently proposed "dimension-reducing" method [5] which incorporates the advantages of nonlinear SOR and Newton's algorithms. In this way, two new modified schemes for solving nonlinear systems are correspondingly obtained. For both of these schemes proofs of convergence are given and numerical applications are presented.
Cross‐cultural training of managers: An evaluation of a management development programme for Chinese managers

Purpose – The main purpose of this paper is to provide an evaluation of how Chinese managers perceive and respond to training and management development programmes that have been designed and delivered by Western experts, and of the extent to which such programmes have been successful in achieving their learning outcomes.Design/methodology/approach – Data have been collected from experience of a management development programme for Chinese managers in 20 state‐owned enterprises, and from interviews with 45 senior Chinese managers and officials who had been involved in a United Nations Development Programme (UNDP) for the training of Chinese managers.Findings – It was found that although considerable efforts had been made to train the largest possible number of managers, there was still a gap between what Chinese managers could do and what they had been expected to do in order to meet the demands of increasing economic reforms. Limited resources, inadequate means, traditional ways of learning, power relati.
Visual Boosting in Pixel‐based Visualizations

Pixel‐based visualizations have become popular, because they are capable of displaying large amounts of data and at the same time provide many details. However, pixel‐based visualizations are only effective if the data set is not sparse and the data distribution not random. Single pixels – no matter if they are in an empty area or in the middle of a large area of differently colored pixels – are perceptually difficult to discern and may therefore easily be missed. Furthermore, trends and interesting passages may be camouflaged in the sea of details. In this paper we compare different approaches for visual boosting in pixel‐based visualizations. Several boosting techniques such as halos, background coloring, distortion, and hatching are discussed and assessed with respect to their effectiveness in boosting single pixels, trends, and interesting passages. Application examples from three different domains (document analysis, genome analysis, and geospatial analysis) show the general applicability of the techniques and the derived guidelines.
Structural, Functional, and Immunological Characterization of Profilin Panallergens Amb a 8, Art v 4, and Bet v 2*

Ragweed allergens affect several million people in the United States and Canada. To date, only two ragweed allergens, Amb t 5 and Amb a 11, have their structures determined and deposited to the Protein Data Bank. Here, we present structures of methylated ragweed allergen Amb a 8, Amb a 8 in the presence of poly(l-proline), and Art v 4 (mugwort allergen). Amb a 8 and Art v 4 are panallergens belonging to the profilin family of proteins. They share significant sequence and structural similarities, which results in cross-recognition by IgE antibodies. Molecular and immunological properties of Amb a 8 and Art v 4 are compared with those of Bet v 2 (birch pollen allergen) as well as with other allergenic profilins. We purified recombinant allergens that are recognized by patient IgE and are highly cross-reactive. It was determined that the analyzed allergens are relatively unstable. Structures of Amb a 8 in complex with poly(l-proline)10 or poly(l-proline)14 are the first structures of the plant profilin in complex with proline-rich peptides. Amb a 8 binds the poly(l-proline) in a mode similar to that observed in human, mouse, and P. falciparum profilin·peptide complexes. However, only some of the residues that form the peptide binding site are conserved.