Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Real time multicomponent echo particle image velocimetry technique for opaque flow imaging

This letter reports on a contrast-based ultrasonic particle imaging technique (echo PIV) for measuring multicomponent velocity vectors in opaque flows with excellent temporal (up to 0.5ms) and spatial (up to 0.4mm) resolution. Ultrasound contrast microbubbles are used as flow tracers, and digitally acquired rf data are converted into B-mode images for PIV analysis. Here, velocity fields from various flow patterns (including rotating and transient vortex flows) that are difficult to measure using other opaque flow methods such as ultrasound Doppler or magnetic resonance imaging are measured using echo PIV. This nonintrusive technique should be a promising addition to opaque flow diagnostics.
On the Rate of Approximations for Maximum Likelihood Tests in Change-Point Models

We study the asymptotics of maximum-likelihood ratio-type statistics for testing a sequence of observations for no change in parameters against a possible change while some nuisance parameters remain constant over time. We obtain extreme value as well as Gaussian-type approximations for the likelihood ratio. We get necessary and sufficient conditions for the weak convergence of supremum andLp-functionals of the likelihood ration process. We also approximate the maximum likelihood ratio with Ornstein-Uhlenbeck processes and obtain bounds for the rate of approximation. We show that the Ornstein-Uhlenbeck approach is superior to the extreme value limit in case of moderate sample sizes.
Cohomology jump loci in the moduli spaces of vector bundles

Two decades ago, as part of their work of generic vanishing theorems, Green-Lazarsfeld showed that over a compact Kahler manifold $X$, the cohomology jump loci in the $Pic^\tau(X)$ are all translates of subtori. In this paper, we generalize this result to higher dimensional vector bundles. It is showed by Nadel that locally the moduli space of vector bundles with vanishing chern classes is canonically isomorphic to a quadratic cone in the Zariski tangent space of a point. We prove that under the isomorphism, the cohomology jump loci are defined by linear equations.
Overweight and obesity in south central Uganda: A population-based study

Obesity is a rapidly growing global health challenge, but there are few population-level studies from non-urban settings in sub-Saharan Africa. We evaluated the prevalence of overweight (body mass index (BMI)>25 kg/m2), obesity (BMI>30 kg/m2), and associated factors using data from May 2018 to November 2020 from the Rakai Community Cohort Study, a population-based cohort of residents aged 15 to 49 living in forty-one fishing, trading, and agrarian communities in South Central Uganda. Modified Poisson regression was used to estimate adjusted prevalence risk ratios (PRR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) in 18,079 participants. The overall mean BMI was 22.9 kg/m2. Mean BMI was 21.5 kg/m2 and 24.1 kg/m2 for males and females, respectively. The prevalence of overweight and obesity were 22.8% and 6.2%, respectively. Females had a higher probability of overweight/obesity (PRR: 4.11, CI: 2.98–5.68) than males. For female participants, increasing age, higher socioeconomic status, residing in a trading or fishing community (PRR: 1.25, CI 1.16–1.35 and PRR: 1.17, CI 1.10–1.25, respectively), being currently or previously married (PRR: 1.22, CI 1.07–1.40 and PRR: 1.16, CI 1.01–1.34, respectively), working in a bar/restaurant (PRR: 1.29, CI 1.17–1.45), trading/shopkeeping (PRR: 1.38, CI 1.29–1.48), and reporting alcohol use in the last year (PRR: 1.21, CI 1.10–1.33) were risk factors for overweight/obese. For male participants, increasing age, higher socioeconomic status, being currently married (PRR: 1.94, CI 1.50–2.50), residing in a fishing community (PRR: 1.68, CI 1.40–2.02), working in a bar/restaurant (PRR: 2.20, CI 1.10–4.40), trading/shopkeeping (PRR: 1.75, CI 1.45–2.11), or fishing (PRR: 1.32, CI 1.03–1.69) increased the probability of overweight/obesity. Non-Muslim participants, male smokers, and HIV-positive females had a lower probability of overweight/obese. The prevalence of overweight/obesity in non-urban Ugandans is substantial. Targeted interventions to high-risk subgroups in this population are needed.
Advantages, disadvantages, and reasons for non-adoption of rotational grazing, herbal leys, trees on farms and ley-arable rotations on English livestock farms

ABSTRACT Adoption of rotational grazing or multi-species herbal leys, planting trees and integrating livestock into arable rotations can increase agricultural productivity and carbon storage on temperate ruminant livestock farms. However, farmers frequently have rational reasons for not adopting seemingly beneficial management practices. Here, we conduct semi-structured interviews with sheep and beef cattle farmers and industry representatives in England, to determine the advantages, disadvantages, and reasons for non-adoption of these four management practices. We find key reasons that farmers rationally do not adopt these practices include capital outlay, incompatibility with farming objectives, and the risk that desired benefits are not delivered.
SOCRAT: a Dynamic Web Toolbox for Interactive Data Processing, Analysis and Visualization

Many systems for exploratory and visual data analytics require platform-dependent software installation, coding skills, and analytical expertise. The rapid advances in data-acquisition, web-based information, and communication and computation technologies promoted the explosive growth of online services and tools implementing novel solutions for interactive data exploration and visualization. However, web-based solutions for visual analytics remain scattered and relatively problem-specific. This leads to per-case re-implementations of common components, system architectures, and user interfaces, rather than focusing on innovation and building sophisticated applications for visual analytics. In this paper, we present the Statistics Online Computational Resource Analytical Toolbox (SOCRAT), a dynamic, flexible, and extensible web-based visual analytics framework. The SOCRAT platform is designed and implemented using multi-level modularity and declarative specifications. This enables easy integration of a number of components for data management, analysis, and visualization. SOCRAT benefits from the diverse landscape of existing in-browser solutions by combining them with flexible template modules into a unique, powerful, and feature-rich visual analytics toolbox. The platform integrates a number of independently developed tools for data import, display, storage, interactive visualization, statistical analysis, and machine learning. Various use cases demonstrate the unique features of SOCRAT for visual and statistical analysis of heterogeneous types of data.
Factors Affecting Digital Literacy in Young Adults

The purpose of this study was to find out the influence of demographic factors, internet use, and smartphone use on young adult digital literacy. This is a quantitative research. The research subjects were young adults aged between 18-24 years using convenience sampling so that 184 people were collected. The research instrument uses a digital literacy scale, The Questionnaire of Experiences Related to the Internet (TQERI) and The Questionnaire of Experiences Related to the Mobile Phone (TQERMP). Data collection was carried out online via Google form for 7 days in July 2022. Based on the results of data analysis, it was found that partially only smartphone use had a significant effect on digital literacy (sig = .069) while internet use did not. But simultaneously, both significantly affect digital literacy (sig= .001). Both can predict 8.2% of digital literacy. The influencing demographic factor is sex, especially women who tend to have higher digital literacy than men (sig=.024, =-1.012). The demographic factor of the area of residence cannot predict the level of digital literacy (sig=.935, =-.182). Keywords: digital literacy, internet, smartphone, demographic
Epoch detection — a method for resolving overlapping signals

The purpose of this paper is to discuss an epoch detection procedure which is very useful for the resolution and detection of signals overlapping in time. An epoch is the beginning instant of a signal. The epoch detection procedure is based on the following hypotheses: On the null hypothesis H 0 that a certain instant t is not an epoch, analytical continuation exists at t, and one may predict the signal in the future based on past experience or vice versa. On the hypothesis H 1 that t is an epoch, the analytic continuation is disrupted at t. Based on this idea and the assumption of a Gaussian noise, a test statistic is derived from the maximum likelihood principle. The test statistic may be obtained at the output terminal of a linear filter. The performance of such a system is considered. Also discussed briefly are the cases of overlapping stochastic signals and overlapping radar signals. Some experimental results obtained from a digital computer are shown.
Idempotent characters and equivariantly multiplicative splittings of K-theory

We classify the primitive idempotents of the p-local complex representation ring of a finite group G in terms of the cyclic subgroups of order prime to p and show that they all come from idempotents of the Burnside ring. Our results hold without adjoining roots of unity or inverting the order of G, thus extending classical structure theorems. We then derive explicit group-theoretic obstructions for tensor induction to be compatible with the resulting idempotent splitting of the representation ring Mackey functor. Our main motivation is an application in homotopy theory: we conclude that the idempotent summands of G-equivariant topological K-theory and the corresponding summands of the G-equivariant sphere spectrum admit exactly the same flavors of equivariant commutative ring structures, made precise in terms of Hill-Hopkins-Ravenel norm maps. This paper is a sequel to the author’s earlier work on multiplicative induction for the Burnside ring and the sphere spectrum, see arXiv:1802.01938v1.
Analysis of local minima for constrained minimization problems

We consider vectorial problems in the calculus of variations with an additional pointwise constraint. Our admissible mappings ${\bf n}:\mathbb{R}^k\rightarrow \mathbb{R}^d$ satisfy ${\bf n}(x)\in M$, where $M$ is a manifold embedded in Euclidean space. The main results of the paper all formulate necessary or sufficient conditions for a given mapping ${\bf n}$ to be a weak or strong local minimizer. Our methods involve using projection mappings in order to build on existing, unconstrained, local minimizer results. We apply our results to a liquid crystal variational problem to quantify the stability of the unwound cholesteric state under frustrated boundary conditions.
Optical Simulation of Light Source Devices Composed of Blue LEDs and YAG Phosphor

The optical structures and luminous properties of light source devices composed of blue LEDs and YAG phosphor were examined using optical simulation. Results showed that the reflection-type light source device had a high luminous flux over 1.5 times greater than the transmission-type light source device. This suggests that using light reflected from the phosphor is an effective way of obtaining high output from light sources composed of LEDs and phosphor.
Narrative update of clinical trials with antihypertensive drugs in children and adolescents

Introduction To date, our knowledge on antihypertensive pharmacological treatment in children and adolescents is still limited because there are few randomized clinical trials (CTs), hampering appropriate management. The objective was to perform a narrative review of the most relevant aspects of clinical trials carried out in primary and secondary hypertension. Methods Studies published in PubMed with the following descriptors: clinical trial, antihypertensive drug, children, adolescents were selected. A previous Cochrane review of 21 randomized CTs pointed out the difficulty that statistical analysis could not assess heterogeneity because there were not enough data. A more recent meta-analysis, that applied more stringent inclusion criteria and selected 13 CTs, also concluded that heterogeneity, small sample size, and short follow-up time, as well as the absence of studies comparing drugs of different classes, limit the utility. Results In the presented narrative review, including 30 studies, there is a paucity of CTs focusing only on children with primary or secondary, mainly renoparenchymal, hypertension. In trials on angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors (ACEI), angiotensin receptor blockers (ARBs), calcium channel blockers (CCBs) and diuretics, a significant reduction of both SBP and DBP in mixed cohorts of children with primary and secondary hypertension was achieved. However, few studies assessed the effect of antihypertensive drugs on hypertensive organ damage. Conclusions Given the increasing prevalence and undertreatment of hypertension in this age group, innovative solutions including new design, such as ‘n-of-1', and optimizing the use of digital health technologies could provide more precise and faster information about the efficacy of each antihypertensive drug class and the potential benefits according to patient characteristics.
Retaining retirement-eligible older workers through training participation: The joint implications of individual growth need and organizational climates.

As the workforce ages, organizations are increasing their efforts to retain retirement-eligible workers to avoid human capital shortages and preserve knowledge reservoirs. Nevertheless, the potential factors and underlying mechanisms relating to the retention of retirement-eligible workers have rarely been examined. The current research investigates how retirement-eligible workers may be retained by the organization through human capital development activities. Specifically, we draw upon the motivated choice framework to investigate the joint implications of individual (i.e., individual growth need) and organizational factors (i.e., climate for developing older workers and age-inclusive climate) for retirement-eligible workers' training participation and thereby retention. We tested our hypotheses with two samples in the Netherlands. Study 1 utilized the two-wave, multilevel survey data (2015-2018) from the Netherlands Interdisciplinary Demographic Institute Pension Panel Study (N = 3,200 older workers from 409 organizations). We found that individual growth need and climate for developing older workers had positive associations with training participation, which in turn was positively related to older workers' decision to stay (vs. retire) despite retirement eligibility. In addition, age-inclusive climate amplified the positive relationship between individual growth need and training participation. Study 2 utilized the two-wave Longitudinal Internet studies for the Social Sciences panel data (N = 301 older workers). We replicated result patterns from Study 1 and found that person-organization fit and needs-supplies fit mediated the relationship between training participation and retirement-eligible workers' intention to stay. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2022 APA, all rights reserved).
Some remarks on a viscous regularization of the nonlinear diffusion equation

We illustrate an alternative derivation of the viscous regularization of the diffusion equation which was studied in [A. Novick-Cohen and R. L. Pego. Trans. Amer. Math. Soc. , 324:331{351]. We provide an alternative proof of existence of solutions, based on the Galerkin method and on compactness arguments. In addition, we propose a \non-smooth" variant of the viscous regularization which we believe may result in interesting hysteretic eects.
Actions of FGF2, LIF, and IGF1 on bovine embryo survival and conceptus elongation following slow-rate freezing

Culture environment during in vitro embryo production can affect embryo phenotype and pregnancy outcomes, making culture modifications a logical approach for improving embryo competence. Previously, the addition of the growth factors FGF2, LIF, and IGF1, termed FLI, to the culture medium improved bovine embryo development, and re-expansion following cryopreservation. The objective of this study was to investigate the survival of cryopreserved FLI treated embryos at day 15 of pregnancy and evaluate conceptus transcriptomes. Embryos were produced using in vitro fertilization of abattoir-derived oocytes, cultured to the blastocyst stage in the presence or absence of FLI (+/- FLI), and cryopreserved by slow-rate freezing. Thawed embryos were transferred into non-lactating recipient beef cows and eight days later conceptuses were recovered and analyzed. For a subset of conceptuses whole transcriptome analysis was performed by using the NovaSeq 6000. There was no detectable difference in conceptus recovery or average conceptus length between the two groups. There were 32 differentially expressed transcripts, 23 up-regulated and nine down-regulated in the +FLI group compared to -FLI. Genes were involved in interferon signaling, prostaglandin synthesis, and placental development. This study reveals that embryos cultured with or without FLI and cryopreserved by slow-rate freezing have similar developmental competence up to day 15 of development. Nevertheless, differences in gene expression exhibit an effect of FLI on conceptus signaling during elongation.
Characterization of the Complete Chloroplast Genome of Gaultheria nummularioides D.Don 1825 (Ericaceae)

Gaultheria nummularioides D.Don 1825 (Ericaceae) is a traditional Chinese medicinal plant used to treat rheumatoid arthritis. The complete chloroplast genome of G. nummularioides has been sequenced and assembled. The genome is 176,207 bp in total with one large single copy (LSC: 107,726 bp), one small single copy (SSC: 3,389 bp), and two inverted repeat regions (IRa and IRb; each 32,546 bp). The chloroplast genome encoded a total of 110 unique genes; the GC content of these genes is 36.6%. The results based on phylogenetic analysis of the complete chloroplast genome suggests that G. nummularioides diverged later than G. praticola, the sister relationship between G. nummularioides and the clade comprising G. fragrantissima Wall. 1820 and G. hookeri C.B. Clarke 1882 was strongly supported. This study provides additional information on the genetic diversity of G. nummularioides, its closely related taxa, and further exploration of chloroplast genomes in the Ericaceae family.
Comment on “Solvability of the two-photon Rabi Hamiltonian”

An implicit formula for the spectrum of the two-photon Rabi model was presented by Travenec in Phys. Rev. A 85, 043805 (2012) in analogy to the method of Braak [Phys. Rev. Lett. 107, 100401 (2011)]. The spectrum is given by common zeros of four functions $G_c(z, E)$ taken with a fixed value of $z\in\mathbb{C}$. We point out that all the $G_c(z,E)$ functions defined by Travenec are identically zero, thus the spectrum is not in fact given by their roots.
Berry-Esseen bounds for weighted averages of Poisson avoidance functionals

We consider functionals which are weighted averages of the avoidance function of a Poisson process. Using the approach to Stein's method based on Malliavin calculus for Poisson functionals we provide explicit bounds for the Wasserstein distance between these standardized functionals and the standard normal distribution. Our approach relies on closed-form expressions for the action of some Malliavin type operators on avoidance functionals of Poisson processes. As a result we provide Berry-Esseen bounds in the CLT for the volume of the union of balls of a fixed radius around random Poisson centers or for the quantization error around points of a Poisson process. We also give Berry-Esseen bounds for avoidance functionals of empirical measures.
Limited Therapeutic Options in Mexico for the Treatment of Urinary Tract Infections

The rise in antimicrobial resistance (AMR) has complicated the management of urinary tract infections (UTIs). The objective of this study was to evaluate the antimicrobial susceptibility patterns of Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae. Design: prospective observational study. Bacteria were classified as susceptible or resistant to ampicillin-sulbactam, amikacin, gentamicin, ciprofloxacin, norfloxacin, nitrofurantoin, trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (TMP/SMZ), ertapenem, meropenem, and fosfomycin. The sensitivity to fosfomycin and chloramphenicol was evaluated by the disk diffusion method. Statistical analysis: the chi-square test and Fisher’s exact test were used to compare differences between categories. A p value < 0.05 was considered statistically significant. Isolates were collected from January 2019 to November 2020 from 21 hospitals and laboratories. A total of 238 isolates were received: a total of 156 E. coli isolates and 82 K. pneumoniae isolates. The majority were community-acquired infections (64.1%). Resistance was >20% for beta-lactams, aminoglycosides, fluoroquinolones, and TMP/SMZ. For E. coli isolates, resistance was <20% for amikacin, fosfomycin, and nitrofurantoin; for K. pneumoniae, amikacin, fosfomycin, chloramphenicol, and norfloxacin. All were susceptible to carbapenems. K. pneumoniae isolates registered a higher proportion of extensively drug-resistant bacteria in comparison with E. coli (p = 0.0004). In total, multidrug-resistant bacteria represented 61% of all isolates. Isolates demonstrated high resistance to beta-lactams, fluoro-quinolones, and TMP/SMZ.
Scale-free percolation in continuum space: quenched degree and clustering coefficient

Spatial random graphs capture several important properties of real-world networks. We prove quenched results for the continuum space version of scale-free percolation introduced in [DW18]. This is an undirected inhomogeneous random graph whose vertices are given by a Poisson point process in $\mathbb R^d$. Each vertex is equipped with a random weight and the probability that two vertices are connected by an edge depends on their weights and on their distance. Under suitable conditions on the parameters of the model, we show that, for almost all realizations of the point process, the degree distributions of all the nodes of the graph follow a power law with the same tail at infinity. We also show that the averaged clustering coefficient of the graph is self-averaging. In particular, it is almost surely equal to the the annealed clustering coefficient of one point, which is a strictly positive quantity.
Stratospheric Temperature Profiles from Limb Radiance Measurements

Abstract Stlratospheric temperature profiles have been inferred from limb radiance data. The limb radiance observations were made from an Aerobee rocket flown on 7 February 1970 from White Sands Missile Range, N.M. The inferred temperatures were similar to those available from rocket sounding data. Horizontal variations of temperature at the 10-mb surface agreed with radiosonde data; however, the inferred temperatures were systematically warmer at 10 mb with larger increases of temperature from 30 to 10 nab than comparative radiosonde data. Two of the inferred temperature profiles provide an excellent example in which two measurements are sufficiently alike to separate real vertical temperature structure from effects of random radiance noise. Vertical resolution was about 2 km and the largest lapse noted was near dry adiabatic.