Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Supply chain model with stochastic lead time under imprecise partially backlogging and fuzzy ramp-type demand for expiring items

The objective of this research is to develop a multi-echelon supply chain model with fuzzy ramp-type demand rate and imprecise partial backlogging rate of unsatisfied demand, considering the effect of inflation and time value of money. Supplier's lead time is a stochastic function of his managing cost. The extra costs incurred on retailer, due to the uncertain lead time in terms of shortages costs or lost sales costs are owed by the supplier. The items have a certain expiration date, due to the fact there is decline in the demand rate with time, but after a period of time it becomes steady. A numerical example is cited to illustrate the results and its significant features. Finally, to study the effect of changes of demand parameters, deterioration, inflation and partially backlogging rate on supplier's and the retailer's profit, a sensitivity analysis is presented numerically.
Presence Seeking and Sensation Seeking as Motives for International Travel

Although independent research has identified presence seeking and sensation seeking as important motives for a variety of activities, there is sufficient conceptual overlap to suggest the concepts describe in part the same motive or are related. The possible relationship was examined in motives of students for international travel. Nonsignificant correlations suggest that, at least for this activity, they are differentiable.
Industrial sustainability: challenges, perspectives, actions

Our vision is a future industrial system that delivers high value to its growing base of customers around the globe, while using, at most, a quarter of the current resources. The urgency for change is now feeding through from scientists into mainstream government, business and academic thinking. This sustainable industrial system would be very different to today's global industry - less homogenous with different business models and different relationships, creating different products and services - requiring new strategies, frameworks, and tools. In order to achieve this target a system design approach is required. Systemic implications for sustainable manufacturing, supply chain design, sustainability performance measurement and management, and organisational change are provided in this paper. Open questions and discussion about tomorrow activities are derived, providing recommendations for educators, researchers, industrialists, and policy makers.
IMPLIED VOLATILITY IN THE HULL–WHITE MODEL

We study the implied volatility K↦I(K) in the Hull–White model of option pricing, and obtain asymptotic formulas for this function as the strike price K tends to infinity or zero. We also prove that the function I is convex near zero and concave near infinity, and characterize the behavior of the first two derivatives of this function.
Clinical predictors of chest radiographic abnormalities in young children hospitalized with bronchiolitis: a single center study

Purpose Chest radiography is often performed on patients hospitalized with typical clinical manifestations of bronchiolitis. We aimed to determine the proportion of subjects with pathologic chest radiographic findings and the clinical predictors associated with pathologic chest radiographic findings in young children admitted with the typical presentation of bronchiolitis. Methods We obtained the following data at admission: sex, age, neonatal history, past history of hospitalization for respiratory illnesses, heart rate, respiratory rate, the presence of fever, total duration of fever, oxygen saturation, laboratory parameters (i.e., complete blood cell count, high-sensitivity C-reactive protein [hs-CRP], etc.), and chest radiography. Results The study comprised 279 young children. Of these, 26 had a chest radiograph revealing opacity (n=24) or atelectasis (n=2). Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that after adjustment for confounding factors, the clinical predictors associated with pathologic chest radiographic findings in young children admitted with bronchiolitis were elevated hs-CRP level (>0.3 mg/dL) and past history of hospitalization for respiratory illnesses (all P<0.05). Conclusion The current study suggests that chest radiographs in young children with typical clinical manifestations of bronchiolitis have limited value. Nonetheless, young children with clinical factors such as high hs-CRP levels at admission or past history of hospitalization for respiratory illnesses may be more likely to have pathologic chest radiographic findings.
Capital for the future : saving and investment in an interdependent world

The aim of this edition of global development horizons is to build scenarios for the global economy over, roughly, the next two decades, with special focus given to saving and investment. Developing countries' share in global investment has grown from less than 20 percent to almost one-half in the past 15 years. A similar pattern is observed for saving. Only a minor part of these trends in saving and investment is due to the consequences of the 2008 global financial crisis. Most of the changes have emerged as a result of entrenched economic and demographic forces. Productivity catch-up, together with increasing integration into global markets, sound macroeconomic policies, and improved education and health, have contributed to an acceleration of growth and large increases in investment and saving rates in many developing countries. A further boost has been provided by the demographic dividend, which has reached peak levels in many countries. The rising investment and saving rates within developing countries, together with the expanding share of developing countries in global Gross Domestic Product (GDP), have led to a spectacular dominance by developing countries in global investment dynamics. Two-thirds of the growth in global investment over the last ten years has originated in developing countries.
Seasonal Community and Population Dynamics of Pelagic Bacteria and Archaea in a High Mountain Lake

ABSTRACT The seasonal variations in community structure and cell morphology of pelagic procaryotes from a high mountain lake (Gossenköllesee, Austria) were studied by in situ hybridization with rRNA-targeted fluorescently labeled oligonucleotide probes (FISH) and image-analyzed microscopy. Compositional changes and biomass fluctuations within the assemblage were observed both in summer and beneath the winter ice cover and are discussed in the context of physicochemical and biotic parameters. Proteobacteria of the beta subclass (beta-proteobacteria) formed a dominant fraction of the bacterioplankton (annual mean, 24% of the total counts), whereas alpha-proteobacteria were of similar relative importance only during spring (mean, 11%). Bacteria of theCytophaga-Flavobacterium cluster, although less abundant, constituted the largest fraction of the filamentous morphotypes during most of the year, thus contributing significantly to the total microbial biomass. Successive peaks of threadlike and rod-shaped archaea were observed during autumn thermal mixing and the period of ice cover formation, respectively. A set of oligonucleotide probes targeted to single phylotypes was constructed from 16S rRNA-encoding gene clone sequences. Three distinct populations of uncultivated microbes, affiliated with the alpha- and beta-proteobacteria, were subsequently monitored by FISH. About one-quarter of all of the beta-proteobacteria (range, 6 to 53%) could be assigned to only two phylotypes. The bacterial populations studied were annually recurrent, seasonally variable, and vertically stratified, except during the periods of lake overturn. Their variability clearly exceeded the fluctuations of the total microbial assemblage, suggesting that the apparent stability of total bacterioplankton abundances may mask highly dynamic community fluctuations.
Reducing Mortality in Severe Sepsis and Septic Shock

Severe sepsis is one of the most common reasons for critically ill patients to be admitted to an intensive care unit (ICU) and has very high associated morbidity and mortality. The Surviving Sepsis Campaign was initiated with the hope that mortality might be reduced by standardizing care informed by data from an increasing number of clinical trials. Important methods for reducing mortality identified by recent studies include aggressive fluid resuscitation, early goal-directed therapy (EGDT), early administration of antibiotics, and the administration of activated protein C to eligible patients.
IN VITRO FLOWERING OF SHOOTS REGENERATED FROM CULTURED NODAL EXPLANTS OF Spilanthes acmella MURR. - AN ORNAMENTAL CUM MEDICINAL HERB

An efficient protocol for in vitro flowering of Spilanthes acmella Murr. , a medicinally valuable plant, has been developed. Multiple shoot formation of up to 4 shoots was obtained on Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium supplemented with BAP (1.0 mg/l). Regenerated shoots were subcultured cultured on MS medium containing various concentrations of BAP alone or in combination with IAA. Presence of BAP in the culture medium was observed to be absolutely essential for induction of flower. Maximum percentage (50 %) of flower induction occurred when regenerated shoots were cultured on MS medium supplemented with BAP (2.0 mg/l) + IAA (0.5 mg/l) under photoperiod of 16/8 h (light/dark cycle). The 3-week intervals for three consecutive subcultures on this medium were efficient for flower induction. The regenerated shoots rooted best on 1/2 MS medium containing IBA (1.0 mg/l). Rooted plantlets were hardened and established in pots with 70% survival rate.
Pancreas development in zebrafish: early dispersed appearance of endocrine hormone expressing cells and their convergence to form the definitive islet.

To begin to understand pancreas development and the control of endocrine lineage formation in zebrafish, we have examined the expression pattern of several genes shown to act in vertebrate pancreatic development: pdx-1, insulin (W. M. Milewski et al., 1998, Endocrinology 139, 1440-1449), glucagon, somatostatin (F. Argenton et al., 1999, Mech. Dev. 87, 217-221), islet-1 (Korzh et al., 1993, Development 118, 417-425), nkx2.2 (Barth and Wilson, 1995, Development 121, 1755-1768), and pax6.2 (Nornes et al., 1998, Mech. Dev. 77, 185-196). To determine the spatial relationship between the exocrine and the endocrine compartments, we have cloned the zebrafish trypsin gene, a digestive enzyme expressed in differentiated pancreatic exocrine cells. We found expression of all these genes in the developing pancreas throughout organogenesis. Endocrine cells first appear in a scattered fashion in two bilateral rows close to the midline during mid-somitogenesis and converge during late-somitogenesis to form a single islet dorsal to the nascent duodenum. We have examined development of the endocrine lineage in a number of previously described zebrafish mutations. Deletion of chordamesoderm in floating head (Xnot homolog) mutants reduces islet formation to small remnants, but does not delete the pancreas, indicating that notochord is involved in proper pancreas development, but not required for differentiation of pancreatic cell fates. In the absence of knypek gene function, which is involved in convergence movements, the bilateral endocrine primordia do not merge. Presence of trunk paraxial mesoderm also appears to be instrumental for convergence since the bilateral endocrine primordia do not merge in spadetail mutants. We discuss our findings on zebrafish pancreatogenesis in the light of evolution of the pancreas in chordates.
Paroxetine-mediated GRK2 inhibition reverses cardiac dysfunction and remodeling after myocardial infarction

GRK2 inhibition with paroxetine improves cardiac function independent of its central nervous system effects. Taking antidepressants to heart Drug repurposing—extending currently Food and Drug Administration (FDA)–approved drugs to treat additional diseases—has both economic and safety advantages over new drug development. The selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor (SSRI) paroxetine, which is used as an antidepressant, has been shown to selectively inhibit G protein (heterotrimeric guanine nucleotide–binding protein)–coupled receptor kinase 2 (GRK2), which is thought to contribute to heart failure progression. Now Schumacher et al. report that paroxetine can block or even reverse heart damage after myocardial infarction in a mouse model. These affects are separate from its SSRI functions and are further enhanced in the presence of current standard-of-care β-blockers. If these data hold true in humans, paroxetine therapy could be an additional or even additive strategy for treating heart failure. Heart failure (HF) is a disease of epidemic proportion and is associated with exceedingly high health care costs. G protein (heterotrimeric guanine nucleotide–binding protein)–coupled receptor (GPCR) kinase 2 (GRK2), which is up-regulated in the failing human heart, appears to play a critical role in HF progression in part because enhanced GRK2 activity promotes dysfunctional adrenergic signaling and myocyte death. Recently, we found that the selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor (SSRI) paroxetine could inhibit GRK2 with selectivity over other GRKs. Wild-type mice were treated for 4 weeks with paroxetine starting at 2 weeks after myocardial infarction (MI). These mice were compared with mice treated with fluoxetine, which does not inhibit GRK2, to control for the SSRI effects of paroxetine. All mice exhibited similar left ventricular (LV) dysfunction before treatment; however, although the control and fluoxetine groups had continued degradation of function, the paroxetine group had considerably improved LV function and structure, and several hallmarks of HF were either inhibited or reversed. Use of genetically engineered mice indicated that paroxetine was working through GRK2 inhibition. The beneficial effects of paroxetine were markedly greater than those of β-blocker therapy, a current standard of care in human HF. These data demonstrate that paroxetine-mediated inhibition of GRK2 improves cardiac function after MI and represents a potential repurposing of this drug, as well as a starting point for innovative small-molecule GRK2 inhibitor development.
DOES ENVIRONMENTAL ROBUSTNESS PLAY A ROLE IN FLUCTUATING ENVIRONMENTS?

Fluctuating environments are expected to select for individuals that have highest geometric fitness over the experienced environments. This leads to the prediction that genetically determined environmental robustness in fitness, and average fitness across environments should be positively genetically correlated to fitness in fluctuating environments. Because quantitative genetic experiments resolving these predictions are missing, we used a full‐sib, half‐sib breeding design to estimate genetic variance for egg‐to‐adult viability in Drosophila melanogaster exposed to two constant or fluctuating temperatures that were above the species’ optimum temperature, during development. Viability in two constant environments (25°C or 30°C) was used to estimate breeding values for environmental robustness of viability (i.e., reaction norm slope) and overall viability (reaction norm elevation). These breeding values were regressed against breeding values of viability at two different fluctuating temperatures (with a mean of 25°C or 30°C). Our results based on genetic correlations show that average egg‐to‐adult viability across different constant thermal environments, and not the environmental robustness, was the most important factor for explaining the fitness in fluctuating thermal environments. Our results suggest that the role of environmental robustness in adapting to fluctuating environments might be smaller than anticipated.
Electromyographic Changes of Agonist and Antagonist Calf Muscles During Maximum Isometric Induced Fatigue

The purpose of this study was to examine electromyographic changes of the agonist and antagonist muscles during fatigue. Nine healthy, untrained subjects exerted a maximum voluntary heel lifting contraction with their dominant limb. The EMG activity over the soleus and the tibialis anterior muscles was recorded during the contraction. The results showed that the torque output during heel lifting and the soleus EMG activity decreased, whereas the tibialis anterior EMG revealed a small but non-significant decrease. However, the ratio of the tibialis anterior to the soleus EMG increased significantly at the end of the fatigue protocol, a fact that reveals that the decrease rate of the antagonist's activity was significantly lower than the decrease rate of the agonist activity. It is concluded that during a maximal fatigue protocol, both the agonist and antagonist muscle activity may decline, however, the slower rate of antagonist's activity decrease relative to the agonist's activity is a finding that requires further investigation. This finding may reflect a higher level of agonist and antagonist muscle co-activation and probably a relatively higher opposing torque from the antagonist muscles at the end of the fatigue session.
Emergency unscheduled returns: can we do better?

INTRODUCTION This study serves to identify the reasons for unscheduled return visits to the emergency department (ED), paying particular attention to system, physician and patient factors. Its purpose is to highlight inadequacies and plan strategies to reduce re-attendance. METHODS All patients returning to the ED within 72 hours of initial visit were identified between January 2005 and June 2005. 842 cases were reviewed to identify reasons for unscheduled returns. RESULTS Unscheduled return visits accounted for two percent of patient encounters with the younger mobile group of patients contributing the largest number. Patients presenting with abdominal pain constituted a quarter of unscheduled returns, where more than half were admitted. Possible causes were lack of rehydration and lack of proper discharge advice to these patients. The assessment and disposition of abdominal pain patients with uncertain aetiology was a major category and 68.7 percent of missed diagnosis came from this group. There was a significant difference in the unscheduled return rates between the senior and junior doctors. There was minimal morbidity and no mortality among patients who returned to the ED for the second time. CONCLUSION A proposed strategy to reduce the number of unscheduled returns would be to target patients with abdominal pain with more liberal hydration strategies. Discharge advice with information about expected prognosis and specific signs and symptoms to look out for should be included. Educational sessions and better supervision of junior staff emphasising acute abdominal conditions should be actively incorporated to avoid associated morbidities with a missed diagnosis.
Clostridium Perfringens Infection Complicating Periprosthetic Fracture Fixation about the Hip: Successful Treatment with Early Aggressive Debridement

Periprosthetic fracture and infection are both challenges following hip arthroplasty. We report the case of an 87 year old female who underwent open reduction and internal fixation of a periprosthetic femoral fracture. Her post-operative course was complicated by infection with Clostridium perfringens. Early aggressive antibiotic treatment and surgical debridement were successful, and allowed retention of the original components.
Returns to pre-immigration education for non-western immigrants: why so low?

The main purpose of this paper is to analyse the return to pre-immigration education for non-western immigrants, and explain why it is so low. Returns to one extra year of education is three times higher for ethnic Norwegians than for non-western immigrants. Using the method ‘Over-Required-Under’ (ORU) education approach, we reveal that this is because non-western immigrants have lower returns to overeducation and required education, and they also have lower penalties associated with undereducation. These factors together explain more than 60% all of the difference in returns to education between native born and non-western immigrants. Based on different results in this paper, we argue that both quality of education from the country of birth and lack of transferable skills may be important components.
Lessons from Ltility Conservation Programs

This paper considers the design, incentives and effectiveness of U.S. demand side management (DSM) programs and tries to explain why this ambitious, almost unanimously embraced initiative failed. Problems on the demand side result from consumers' private information that implies that substantial principal-agent slippage must accompany any conservation incentive the utility offers to the consumer. Moreover, the regulatory incentives induce the American utility to select inefficient programs. Therefore, the utility has little to gain from deterring such strategic reactions and cheating by consumers. As a consequence, the reported conservation exists largely on paper but not in reality. This ex-post assessment is important for two reasons. First, European countries (Scandinavia, Germany, Austria and others) have been eager to repeat this American regulatory 'success'. Second, the problems addressed in this paper would apply to another round of conservation programs induced by the concern about global warming.
Testing the impact of a promotional video on destination image change: application of China as a tourism destination

This study empirically examines the potential effects of a promotional video on the image change of China as a travel destination. The analysis is based on an experimental study conducted among young, international short-term employees in the USA. Despite positive changes in almost all the destination attributes as a result of watching the promotional video, the structure of the image constructs remains fairly stable, providing critical insights on the potential role of publicity campaigns in affecting destination images. Results of the study reveal that China's image consists of mixed and often contrasting representations, especially the polarity of modernisation and progress versus nature and history. It was found that the dominant factor affecting the respondents' behavioural intentions was the cultural and nature tourism dimension. Although other image dimensions exhibit influence as well, findings of this study suggest that perceived value should be a strategic focus in promoting China as a desirable travel destination, in addition to culture and nature tourism. This paper ends with conclusions and implications for both research on destination image and destination marketing in China. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Structure of the Pore-forming Transmembrane Domain of a Ligand-gated Ion Channel*

The structure of the pore-forming transmembrane domain of the nicotinic acetylcholine receptor from Torpedohas been investigated by infrared spectroscopy. Treatment of affinity-purified receptor with either Pronase or proteinase K digests the extramembranous domains (roughly 75% of the protein mass), leaving hydrophobic membrane-imbedded peptides 3–6 kDa in size that are resistant to peptide 1H/2H exchange. Infrared spectra of the transmembrane domain preparations exhibit relatively sharp and symmetric amide I and amide II band contours centered near 1655 and 1545 cm− 1, respectively, in both1H2O and 2H2O. The amide I band is very similar to the amide I bands observed in the spectra of α-helical proteins, such as myoglobin and bacteriorhodopsin, that lack β structure and exhibit much less β-sheet character than is observed in proteins with as little as 20% β sheet. Curve-fitting estimates 75–80% α-helical character, with the remaining peptides likely adopting extended and/or turn structures at the bilayer surface. Infrared dichroism spectra are consistent with transmembrane α-helices oriented perpendicular to the bilayer surface. The evidence strongly suggests that the transmembrane domain of the nicotinic receptor, the most intensively studied ligand-gated ion channel, is composed of five bundles of four transmembrane α-helices.