Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Fast approximate graph partitioning algorithms

We study graph partitioning problems on graphs with edge capacities and vertex weights. The problems of b-balanced cuts and k-balanced partitions are unified into a new problem called minimum capacity $\rho$-separators. A $\rho$-separator is a subset of edges whose removal partitions the vertex set into connected components such that the sum of the vertex weights in each component is at most $\rho$ times the weight of the graph. We present a new and simple O(log n)-approximation algorithm for minimum capacity $\rho$-separators which is based on spreading metrics yielding an O(log n)-approximation algorithm both for b-balanced cuts and k-balanced partitions. In particular, this result improves the previous best known approximation factor for k-balanced partitions in undirected graphs by a factor of O(log k). We enhance these results by presenting a version of the algorithm that obtains an O(log OPT)-approximation factor. The algorithm is based on a technique called spreading metrics that enables us to formulate directly the minimum capacity $\rho$-separator problem as an integer program. We also introduce a generalization called the simultaneous separator problem, where the goal is to find a minimum capacity subset of edges that separates a given collection of subsets simultaneously. We extend our results to directed graphs for values of $\rho \geq 1/2$. We conclude with an efficient algorithm for computing an optimal spreading metric for $\rho$-separators. This yields more efficient algorithms for computing b-balanced cuts than were previously known.
Testing an Open Source Suite for Open Queuing Network Modelling Using Metamorphic Testing Technique

Queuing network modelling is a modelling technique for capacity planning studies of computer and communication systems. Due to complexity of the technique, it is very difficult to know from the computed outputs whether the computation of the modelling software is correct. It is necessary to have an effective testing technique to address this problem. Recently, it has been noticed that metamorphic testing is an effective technique for this kind of problem. In this paper, we study the technique of metamorphic testing in testing queuing network modelling through a set of testing experiments in the Java Modelling Tool – a popular open source queuing network modelling suite.
An Exact Model of the Neighbor Discovery Time for Schedule-Based Asynchronous Duty Cycling

In Wireless Sensor Networks, if two neighbor nodes operate under schedule-based asynchronous duty cycles, it is nontrivial to determine when they will discover each other, since the discovery opportunities may be distributed irregularly throughout the cycle, and also because nodes present random time offsets to each other. Moreover, the probability of message loss must be considered for useful estimations. This paper presents a method to find the expected neighbor discovery time when opportunities are distributed in arbitrary time slots, and subject to message loss. As a case study, the method was employed to solve a real problem in WSN design.
Estimating Direct-to-Reverberant Energy Ratio Using D/R Spatial Correlation Matrix Model

We present a method for estimating the direct-to-reverberant energy ratio (DRR) that uses a direct and reverberant sound spatial correlation matrix model (Hereafter referred to as the spatial correlation model). This model expresses the spatial correlation matrix of an array input signal as two spatial correlation matrices, one for direct sound and one for reverberation. The direct sound propagates from the direction of the sound source but the reverberation arrives from every direction uniformly. The DRR is calculated from the power spectra of the direct sound and reverberation that are estimated from the spatial correlation matrix of the measured signal using the spatial correlation model. The results of experiment and simulation confirm that the proposed method gives mostly correct DRR estimates unless the sound source is far from the microphone array, in which circumstance the direct sound picked up by the microphone array is very small. The method was also evaluated using various scales in simulated and actual acoustical environments, and its limitations revealed. We estimated the sound source distance using a small microphone array, which is an example of application of the proposed DRR estimation method.
Politics and Method: Contrasting Studies in Industrial Geography

1. Introduction: The debate Doreen Massey and Richard Meegan 2. Recession and restructuring in the North-West region, 1974-82: the implications of recent events Peter Lloyd and John Shutt 3.An approach to the analysis of redundancies in the UK (post- 1976): some methodological problems and policy implications Alan Townsend and Francis Peck 4.Ideology and methods in industrial location research Stephen Fothergill and Graham Gudgin 5.Profits and job loss Doreen Massey and Richard Meegan 6. A modern industry in a declining region: Links between method, theory and policy Andrew Sayer and Kevin Morgan 7. Doing research Doreen Massey and Richard Meegan
Human AP endonuclease suppresses DNA mismatch repair activity leading to microsatellite instability

The multifunctional mammalian apurinic/apyrimidinic (AP) endonuclease (APE) participates in the repair of AP sites in the cellular DNA as well as participating in the redox regulation of the transcription factor function. The function of APE is considered as the rate-limiting step in DNA base excision repair. Paradoxically, an unbalanced increase in APE protein leads to genetic instability. Therefore, we investigated the mechanisms of genetic instability that are induced by APE. Here, we report that the overexpression of APE protein disrupts the repair of DNA mismatches, which results in microsatellite instability (MSI). We found that expression of APE protein led to the suppression of the repair of DNA mismatches in the normal human fibroblast cells. Western blot analysis revealed that hMSH6 protein was markedly reduced in the APE-expressing cells. Moreover, the addition of purified Mutα (MSH2 and MSH6 complex) to the extracts from the APE-expressing cells led to the restoration of mismatch repair (MMR) activity. By performing MMR activity assay and MSI analysis, we found that the co-expression of hMSH6 and APE exhibited the microsatellite stability, whereas the expression of APE alone generated the MSI-high phenotype. The APE-mediated decrease in MMR activity described here demonstrates the presence of a new and highly effective APE-mediated mechanism for MSI.
Knowing, doing, and teaching multiplication

This investigation analyzes the structure and process of multidigit multiplication. It includes a review of recent theories of mathematical knowledge and a description of several fourth-grade math lessons conducted in a regular classroom setting. Four types of mathematical knowledge are identified: intuitive, concrete, computational, and principled knowledge. The author considers each type in terms of its relation to instructional issues and suggests that instruction should focus on strengthening the connections among the four types. Illustrations from instructional sessions show children generating and testing hypotheses when salient connections are made between concrete materials and principled, computational practices. Implications for teaching are discussed along with suggestions for future research.
Automating Corpora Generation with Semantic Cleaning and Tagging of Tweets for Multi-dimensional Social Media Analytics

Developing corpora from social media content involves convoluted cleaning. In this paper we propose and implement the automation of corpora building for facilitating social media mining and analytics. This automation process incorporates: a) metadata extraction and structuring b) semantic cleaning with tagging and c) learning domain terms/entities. The implementation performs comprehensive cleaning including abbreviation and slang correction, phonetic matching using metaphone algorithm, splitting joined words and identifying/learning entities. It identifies the entities, tags them and creates/updates a knowledgebase (KB) comprising of domain terms. The corpus thus constructed, facilitates multidimensional analysis and summarization. This proposed technique was tested with an experiment in which real world streaming tweets pertaining to Indian politics were collected, structured, cleaned and tagged. The results of the automation experiment can be stated as follows: a) the tweets although primarily in English, contained at times words from the regional languages. The algorithm does not recognize these words and they are construed as domain terms. An accuracy of 85.55% was achieved in identifying the correct domain terms and entities. b) The automation required human feedback and intervention which progressively reduced and reached a figure of 18% with the update and enhancement of the KB. This paper assumes relevance because the implementation automates the entire process of collecting and cleaning the tweets and yields a corpus suitable for multifaceted analysis.
Real-Time Continuous Glucose Monitoring Among Participants in the T1D Exchange Clinic Registry

OBJECTIVE To assess the frequency of continuous glucose monitoring (CGM) device use, factors associated with its use, and the relationship of CGM with diabetes outcomes (HbA1c, severe hypoglycemia [SH], and diabetic ketoacidosis [DKA]). RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS Survey questions related to CGM device use 1 year after enrollment in the T1D Exchange clinic registry were completed by 17,317 participants. Participants were defined as CGM users if they indicated using real-time CGM during the prior 30 days. RESULTS Nine percent of participants used CGM (6% of children <13 years old, 4% of adolescents 13 to <18 years, 6% of young adults 18 to <26 years, and 21% of adults ≥26 years). CGM use was more likely with higher education, higher household income, private health insurance, longer duration of diabetes, and use of insulin pump (P < 0.01 all factors). CGM use was associated with lower HbA1c in children (8.3% vs. 8.6%, P < 0.001) and adults (7.7% vs. 7.9%, P < 0.001). In adults, more frequent use of CGM (≥6 days/week) was associated with lower mean HbA1c. Only 27% of users downloaded data from their device at least once per month, and ≤15% of users reported downloading their device at least weekly. Among participants who used CGM at baseline, 41% had discontinued within 1 year. CONCLUSIONS CGM use is uncommon but associated with lower HbA1c in some age-groups, especially when used more frequently. Factors associated with discontinuation and infrequent use of retrospective analysis of CGM data should be considered in developing next-generation devices and education on CGM use.
Activation of the cyclin D1 Gene by the E1A-associated Protein p300 through AP-1 Inhibits Cellular Apoptosis*

The adenovirus E1A protein interferes with regulators of apoptosis and growth by physically interacting with cell cycle regulatory proteins including the retinoblastoma tumor suppressor protein and the coactivator proteins p300/CBP (where CBP is the CREB-binding protein). The p300/CBP proteins occupy a pivotal role in regulating mitogenic signaling and apoptosis. The mechanisms by which cell cycle control genes are directly regulated by p300 remain to be determined. The cyclin D1 gene, which is overexpressed in many different tumor types, encodes a regulatory subunit of a holoenzyme that phosphorylates and inactivates PRB. In the present study E1A12S inhibited the cyclin D1 promoter via the amino-terminal p300/CBP binding domain in human choriocarcinoma JEG-3 cells. p300 induced cyclin D1 protein abundance, and p300, but not CBP, induced the cyclin D1 promoter. cyclin D1 or p300 overexpression inhibited apoptosis in JEG-3 cells. The CH3 region of p300, which was required for induction of cyclin D1, was also required for the inhibition of apoptosis. p300 activated the cyclin D1 promoter through an activator protein-1 (AP-1) site at −954 and was identified within a DNA-bound complex with c-Jun at the AP-1 site. Apoptosis rates of embryonic fibroblasts derived from mice homozygously deleted of the cyclin D1 gene (cyclin D1 −/− ) were increased compared with wild type control on several distinct matrices. p300 inhibited apoptosis in cyclin D1+/+ fibroblasts but increased apoptosis in cyclin D1 −/− cells. The anti-apoptotic function of cyclin D1, demonstrated by sub-G1 analysis and annexin V staining, may contribute to its cellular transforming and cooperative oncogenic properties.
Validating RDF with Shape Expressions

We propose shape expression schema (ShEx), a novel schema formalism for describing the topology of an RDF graph that uses regular bag expressions (RBEs) to define constraints on the admissible neighborhood for the nodes of a given type. We provide two alternative semantics, multi- and single-type, depending on whether or not a node may have more than one type. We study the expressive power of ShEx and study the complexity of the validation problem. We show that the single-type semantics is strictly more expressive than the multi-type semantics, single-type validation is generally intractable and multi-type validation is feasible for a small class of RBEs. To further curb the high computational complexity of validation, we propose a natural notion of determinism and show that multi-type validation for the class of deterministic schemas using single-occurrence regular bag expressions (SORBEs) is tractable. Finally, we consider the problem of validating only a fragment of a graph with preassigned types for some of its nodes, and argue that for deterministic ShEx using SORBEs, multi-type validation can be performed efficiently and single-type validation can be performed with a single pass over the graph.
Designing health communication: Testing the explanations for the impact of communication medium on effectiveness

Objective. The written format has been found consistently to be the most effective medium for communicating relatively complex information (e.g. Furnham, Gunter, & Green, 1990). Looking at the communication of health information, Corston and Colman (1997) accounted for media differences by referring to the facts that reading a written presentation is self-paced (the self-pacing theory) and that a written presentation contains fewer distracting characteristics than either audio-visual or auditory-only presentations (the distraction theory). The present study sought to test these theories. Method. Female students (N = 175) between the ages of 16 and 18 from two secondary schools were exposed to a fictitious health warning and completed a questionnaire immediately afterwards, measuring communication effectiveness via recall. Participants were divided into seven treatment condition groups which varied in the medium of presentation (two written, three audio-visual and three auditory-only) and distraction level inherent to the design of the communication. Results. In line with previous literature, the written format was the most effective way to communicate a piece of health-related information (p < .01). No evidence was provided for the ‘self-pacing theory’. Substantial support, however, was found for the ‘distraction theory’. Conclusions. In general, minimally distracting communication proved maximally effective. A simple distraction effect, however, was not found within the audio-visual medium. Here the presentation where the viewers see a reader conveying the message (the ‘talking head’ condition) proved most effective, even though it was not the least distracting. Being able to see someone reading the message appears to convey a special communication advantage on the presentation.
An entrepreneurial‐directed approach to entrepreneurship education: mission impossible?

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to explore the entrepreneurial‐directed approach to entrepreneurship education by discussing different teaching techniques aimed at infusing entrepreneurial skills and behaviour among students in the university setting.Design/methodology/approach – The authors experimented with the entrepreneurial‐directed approach in their university‐level teaching, and used a combination of qualitative research methods and observation techniques to evaluate its feasibility and applicability. Information sources analysed include written material, e.g. learning diaries provided by the students, teachers' observations, and group discussions during the programme.Findings – The study provides information on recent studies on entrepreneurship emphasising the core role of opportunity – discovering, evaluating and exploiting it – and reviews teaching techniques currently used in entrepreneurship education. The entrepreneurial‐directed approach seems to be well suited to the teaching situat.
Immediate post‐anaesthesia recovery 2013

After general, epidural or spinal anaesthesia, all patients should be recovered in a specially designated area (henceforth ‘post‐anaesthesia care unit’, PACU) that complies with the standards and recommendations described in this document. The anaesthetist must formally hand over the care of a patient to an appropriately trained and registered PACU practitioner. Agreed, written criteria for discharge of patients from the PACU to the ward should be in place in all units. An effective emergency call system must be in place in every PACU and tested regularly. No fewer than two staff (of whom at least one must be a registered practitioner) should be present when there is a patient in a PACU who does not fulfil the criteria for discharge to the ward. All registered practitioners should be appropriately trained in accordance with the standards and competencies detailed in the UK National Core Competencies for Post Anaesthesia Care. All patients must be observed on a one‐to‐one basis by an anaesthetist or registered PACU practitioner until they have regained control of their airway, have stable cardiovascular and respiratory systems and are awake and able to communicate. All patients with tracheal tubes in place in a PACU should be monitored with continuous capnography. The removal of tracheal tubes is the responsibility of the anaesthetist. There should be a specially designated area for the recovery of children that is appropriately equipped and staffed. All standards and recommendations described in this document should be applied to all areas in which patients recover after anaesthesia, to include those anaesthetics given for obstetric, cardiology, imaging and dental procedures, and in psychiatric units and community hospitals. Only registered PACU practitioners who are familiar with these areas should be allocated to recover patients in them as and when required. Patients’ dignity and privacy should be respected at all times but patients' safety must always be the primary concern. When critically ill patients are managed in a PACU because of bed shortages, the primary responsibility for the patient lies with the hospital's critical care team. The standard of nursing and medical care should be equal to that in the hospital's critical care units. Audit and critical incident reporting systems should be in place in all PACUs.
Evaluating the Effectiveness of Residential Environmental Education Programs in Fostering Positive Attitudes Toward Wildlife

Abstract Residential environmental education programs offer many benefits to students, including time to be “in” nature, additional time for programs (evenings in addition to days), and flexibility in the types of programs offered. The authors examined 6 residential programs in the upper Midwest to evaluate their effectiveness in fostering positive attitudes toward wildlife. Results indicated that students had significantly more positive attitudes toward wildlife after residential programs than they did after an in-class wildlife program, and that these changes were retained at least 3 months after the program. Recommendations for maximizing the effectiveness of residential programs are discussed.
The Caring Observer: Creating Self-Compassion through Psychodrama

A growing body of research indicates that self-compassion and self-esteem contribute to overall optimism and hopefulness. Self-compassion is a more stable and enduring trait in positive mood states, openness, and resilience and is a stronger healing agent for depression, anxiety, self-loathing, and self-injurious behaviors. The Caring Observer is a role created through psychodrama to evoke a warm embrace of the self, the ability to hold one's self in kindness through suffering, and the sense of feeling connected to humanity rather than isolated and ashamed—all traits of self-compassion.
Banking and transplantation of umbilical cord blood in Guangzhou, China.

BACKGROUND Umbilical cord blood (UCB) is an alternative source of hematopoietic stem cells (HSC) for transplantation of patients with hematologic malignancies or hereditary diseases. METHODS We developed a provincial UCB bank in Guangzhou, China, using good manufacturing practices and standard operating procedures to address donor eligibility, collection, characterization, processing, storage and release from quarantine. The banking activities were analyzed. RESULTS From June 1998 to May 2005, 8623 UCB units of Han ethnic origin were collected; 4147 (48.1%) were stored, while 4476 (51.9%) were discarded as a result of pre-determined exclusion criteria. A median volume of 95.5 mL (range 60-227.7) and 1.2 x 10(9) (0.8-9.3) nucleated cells were collected. The cell viability was 97.8% (90-100%). The CD34+ cell count of 3691 (89.0%) UCB units was 5.2 x 10(6) (0.3-131.6) and clonogenic assays of 4036 (97.3%) UCB units demonstrated 9.8 x 10(5) (0.04-135.8) CFU-GM, 0.3 x 10(5) (0.0-18.6) CFU-GEMM and 8.8 x 10(5) (0.0-74.2) BFU-E. A total of 0.4% (15/3863) UCB derived from babies known to have health problems at age 6 months was discarded. Up to May 2005, 151 units were issued for transplantation to 127 patients [90 (70.9%) children and 37 (29.1%) adults]. The infused nucleated cells in unrelated single-unit recipients were 3.4 x 10(7)/kg (1.7-14.9) for adults (n=19) and 5.7 x 10(7)/kg (2.0-20.5) for children (n=71), respectively. The numbers of days for the engraftment of neutrophils among 65 children and 22 adults were 17 (7-41) and 20 (10-42), respectively. DISCUSSION Data of this study show that stringent procedures and comprehensive policies are requisite for pursuing the banking and release of quality UCB for successful transplantation.