Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
A Comparative Analysis of Parallel Programming Models for C

The parallel programming model used in a software development project can significantly affect the way concurrency is expressed in the code. It also comes with certain trade-offs with regard to ease of development, code readability, functionality, runtime overheads, and scalability. Especially the performance aspects can vary with the type of parallelism suited to the problem at hand. We investigate how well three popular multi-tasking frameworks for C++ — Threading Building Blocks, Cilk Plus, and OpenMP 4.0 — cope with three of the most common parallel scenarios: recursive divide-and-conquer algorithms; embarrassingly parallel loops; and loops that update shared variables. We implement merge sort, matrix multiplication, and dot product as test cases for the respective scenario in each of the programming models. We then go one step further and also apply the vectorisation support offered by Cilk Plus and OpenMP 4.0 to the data-parallel aspects of the loop-based algorithms. Our results demonstrate that certain configurations expose significant differences in the task creation and scheduling overheads among the tested frameworks. We also highlight the importance of testing how well an algorithm scales with the number of hardware threads available to the application. Keywords—parallel programming models; performance; TBB; Cilk Plus; OpenMP 4.0
Dopant-induced band filling and bandgap renormalization in CdO : In films

The effect of carrier concentration on the Fermi level and bandgap renormalization in over 30 indium-doped cadmium oxide (CdO : In) films with carrier concentrations ranging from 1 to 15 × 1020 cm−3 was studied using the two-band k · p model with electron–electron and electron–ion interactions. It is shown that the Tauc relation, which is based on parabolic valence and conduction bands, overestimates the optical bandgap in the CdO films. Theoretical calculations of the optical bandgap give good agreement with experiments by taking into account the Burstein–Moss effect for a nonparabolic conduction band and bandgap renormalization effects. The band filling and bandgap renormalization in these CdO : In films are about 0.5–1.2 eV and 0.1–0.3 eV, respectively.
Morphological Variation in the Common Mackerel (Scomber japonicus) off Taiwan

Variation in morphological characters was used to elucidate the stock structure of Scomber japonicus off Taiwan. Three samples including 139 individuals were collected from the south of the East China Sea (SECS), the waters off eastern Taiwan (ET), and the north of the South China Sea (NSCS). A total of 16 measurements were measured for each individual and size-standardized by multiple-group principal components analysis. The resulting measurements were tested with a canonical variate analysis, and clustered three samples into two groups: one included the SECS and samples, and the other the NSCS. Randomization tests showed that morphological difference between two groups was significant. There appear to be two morphologically distinguishable stocks of this species off Taiwan, but further verification of the stock structure may be essential.
Observational evidence of lower-frequency Yanai waves in the central equatorial Indian Ocean

The analysis of long time-series current meter data from a mooring at 77 0 E and equator during 20032007 along with mean sea level anomaly (MSLA) data throws light on the occurrence of the lower frequency Yanai wave (24-40 day) in the upper water column of the central equatorial Indian Ocean (EIO) during the positive Indian Ocean Dipole (IOD) years of 2003, 2004, 2006 and 2007 and its absence during the negative IOD year of 2005. This result is in contrast with the earlier studies that observed only the higher frequency (biweekly period) Yanai wave in this region. We propose a new notion for the generation of the lower frequency Yanai wave in the upper central EIO due to the positive IOD phenomenon. The strong meridional current shear created by the northward shifting and strengthening of the westward flowing south equatorial current (SEC) associated with positive IOD and the eastward flowing southwest monsoon current provides energy for the generation of lower frequency Yanai waves. The vertical stratification of the water column appears to be responsible for the trapping of different frequency of Yanai wave with only the higher frequency Yanai wave in the region of lower pycnocline. During positive IOD the strongly stratified upper water column responds to the lower frequency Yanai wave while the deeper ocean (4000m) exhibited longer period (47-day) oscillation. The expected surface signature of Madden-Julian Oscillation (MJO) seems to be suppressed by strong easterlies during the positive IOD years.
Climatic Determinants and Statistical Prediction of Tropical Cyclone Days in the Southwest Indian Ocean

Abstract Climatic determinants of tropical cyclone (TC) days in the southwest Indian Ocean area (10°–25°S, 50°–70°E) are analyzed using statistical techniques. A TC days index is formulated from records of local meteorological services over the December–March season in the period 1961–91. The index is correlated with gridded fields of sea surface temperature (SST), outgoing longwave radiation (OLR), and tropospheric winds, using monthly standardized departures at various lags. SST relationships with TC days are positive over the entire southwest Indian Ocean from −4 to +2 months, as expected. Peak correlations of >+0.5 occur in the genesis region 0°–10°S, 50°–60°E to the northeast of Madagascar at lag −4 (September). The synoptic-scale response of monsoon convection is approximated by OLR correlations. Negative correlations (associated with increased convection) are found to the northeast of Madagascar at lag −4 and 0 months. At lags −4 and −2 (November) opposing positive OLR correlations are found over A.
Quality Control Assessment of the Mission Airborne Carbon 13 (MAC-13) Hyperspectral Imagery from Costa Rica

Abstract. A data quality assessment of airborne hyperspectral imagery (HSI) from Mission Airborne Carbon 2013 (MAC13) is presented. Because data quality is fundamentally important for modeling landscape biophysical characteristics from HSI, this article presents an assessment related to spectral alignment, spectroradiometric calibration, and geocorrection for 2,700 km2 of imagery acquired with the CASI-1500 and SASI-644 systems (375 nm – 2523 nm, 2.5 m resampled pixel size). MODIS, in-situ and image-based estimations of aerosol optical depth are compared for calculations of visibility for atmospheric correction. Information content (dimensionality) across the 5 ecosystems and 2 developed areas are also compared to illustrate the benefit of the extensive spectral resolution of the data. New approaches to the offset corrections of the imagery improved the accuracy of the calibrated results (radiance and reflectance). Assessment of visibility values applied to the atmospheric correction adduced that apparent reflectance computed using in-scene modeled visibility produced the most similar results to ground spectra. Dimensionality analysis revealed increased information content for all ecosystems when both sensors were considered. While not every HSI issue can be completely compensated for, an appreciation of common artifacts allows users to make more informed decision about their impact on planned analysis.
National air quality and emissions trends report, 1992

The analyses in the report focus on comparisons with the primary standards in effect in 1992 to examine changes in air pollution levels over time, and to summarize current air pollution status. The first three chapters of the report cover trends in the six pollutants with National Ambient Air Quality Standards. Chapter 4 presents the information on air toxics. Chapter 5 includes a detailed listing of selected 1992 air quality summary statistics for every metropolitan statistical area (MSA) in the nation. Chapter 6 presents 1983-92 trends for 23 cities throughout the U.S. Chapter 7 presents summary air pollution statistics from other countries to provide a broader range of air pollution information.
Hindi Part-of-Speech Tagging and Chunking : A Maximum Entropy Approach

We present a statistical approach to Part-of-Speech(POS) tagger and chunker for Hindi language. Our system employs Maximum Entropy Markov Model (MEMM), trains from annotated Hindi corpus and assigns tags(POS tags and chunk labels) to previously unseen text. This model uses multiple features simultaneously to predict the tag for a word. The feature set is broadly classified as contextbased features, word features, dictionary features and corpus-based features. Apart from contextual features, which are independent of languages, we discuss the use of specialized features that capture lexical and morphological properties of Hindi language. We experimented our approach over corpus of NLPAI-ML 2006 contest consisting of around 35000 words annotated with 29 different POS tags and 6 chunk tags. The best accuracies reported by our method on development data is 89.346% for POS tagging and 87.399% for chunk labelling on per word basis. When the models trained using the above data was applied to the final evaluation data of the contest, the F1-measures for POS tagging was reported to be 82.22%, while for chunking it was 82.40%.
CLEP_A_248167 771..781

Nina Gran Egeland Kristin Jonsdottir 1 Kristina Lystlund Lauridsen Ivar Skaland 1 Cathrine F Hjorth 4 Einar G Gudlaugsson 1 Stephen Hamilton-Dutoit 3 Timothy L Lash 4,5 Deirdre Cronin-Fenton * Emiel AM Janssen * 1Department of Pathology, Stavanger University Hospital, Stavanger, Norway; 2Department of Chemistry, Bioscience and Environmental Engineering, University of Stavanger, Stavanger, Norway; 3Institute of Pathology, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark; 4Department of Clinical Epidemiology, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark; 5Department of Epidemiology, Rollins School of Public Health and Winship Cancer Institute, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
Motion of reconnection region in the Earth's magnetotail

We obtain the X‐line velocity in the Earth's magnetotail for 24 reconnection events observed by the Cluster spacecraft between 2001 and 2005. The data set consists of 10 single X‐lines and 14 X‐lines from the time intervals of multiple reconnection. Except for two X‐lines from multiple reconnection, all the X‐lines move tailward (radial outward) along the current sheet, which is consistent with the direction of the pressure gradient. The X‐lines also propagate outward from the midnight sector in the dawn‐dusk direction. The X‐line speed in the Earth‐tail direction is comparable and proportional to the reconnection inflow speed and approximately 0.1 of the reconnection outflow speed. These results suggest that both the global pressure distribution and the local reconnection physics may affect the motion of the X‐line.
Effective teaching in case-based education: Patterns in teacher behavior and their impact on the students’ clinical problem solving and learning

Case-based learning formats, in which relevant case information is provided just in time, require teachers to combine their scaffolding role with an information-providing one. The objective of this study is to establish how this combination of roles affects teacher behavior and that, in turn, mediates students’ reasoning and problem solving. Data on actual behaviors, intentions, effects and appreciation were collected using observations of case discussions, interviews, and a questionnaire in a mixed method, concurrent nested design. Cross-case analysis of the observed discussions revealed two patterns of combining the provision of information with scaffolding. Although students commonly responded to scaffolding interventions as intended, the results from the observations and the questionnaire showed that a pattern with a high level of concurrent scaffolding and provision of information should be avoided.
Fukushima and Reflections on Radiation as a Terror Weapon

The number of radiation casualties from the March 2011 meltdown of Fukushima nuclear reactors stands at zero. In Fukushima Prefecture, the casualties from radiation terror number more than 1,600, exceeding direct deaths from the natural disaster in that area, because of government-mandated evacuation that forced people from their homes and usual support systems into crowded evacuation centers. The U.S. is vulnerable to the same radiation terror as occurred in Japan because of using the wrong dose-response model, which is based on the linear no-threshold hypothesis (LNT), for assessing radiation health risks. The effects of low-dose radiation are in fact grossly misstated. The resulting fear-based regulatory regime deprives people of life-saving technology. In the event of a nuclear detonation or dispersal of radioactive material, panic could cause preventable mass casualties, and ignorance- or fear-based official directives could thwart rescue efforts and produce disastrous economic and social disruption. At the same time, instrumentation designed to detect low doses may be incapable of measuring lethal levels.
Individuality, quantum physics, and a metaphysics of non-individuals: the role of the formal

The notion of an individual and the related issues on individuation are topics that appear in the philosophical discussion ever since the antiquity. The idea of an individual thing is intuitively clear: an individual is something of a specific kind that is a unity, having its own identity, and being so that it is possible at least in principle to discern it from any other individual, even of similar species. But when we try to leave the intuitive realm and push this idea to a logical analysis, we find a cluster of problems that are difficult to overcome within standard logico-mathematical contexts. In this work, we shall be concerned with some aspects of this intuitive concept of an individual and on some related facts about individuation taken from recent discussions that arose ever since the inception of quantum theory, pushing the discussion to a “logical” view, which in our opinion is still lacking in the usual debates on such issues. In the final part of the paper, we propose a metaphysics where the notion of identity is substituted, for some objects, by a weaker notion of indiscernibility, and we try to justify such a move. In most of the uses of the expression “quantum theory”, we shall not make explicit the distinction between the non-relativistic and the relativistic approaches, although they of course are quite different, for we think that the problems as we shall present them appear in both versions. But, as the text goes, the context will distinguish between them and these questions will become clear to the reader.
Morphotectonics and ridge jumpings in the Indian Ocean

The Indian Ocean experienced a complex tectonic evolution after its initial rifting since the Late Cretaceous, including three major jumpings and reorganizations of mid‐ocean ridges at 80 Ma, 60 Ma, and 40 Ma, respectively, which had important impacts on the present‐day tectonic pattern and physiography. We develop a new division principle on submarine morphotectonics and subdivide the Indian Ocean into first‐ to fourth‐order tectonic geomorphologic units and four growth phases, by integrating bathymetric and gravity anomaly data within a regional plate kinematic framework. The Southwest Indian Ocean (SWIO), the Central Indian Ocean (CIO), and the Southeast Indian Ocean (SEIO) comprise the first‐order geomorphologic units, based on tectonic symmetry and seafloor‐spreading rates. Four second‐order units with plate ages of >80 Ma, 80–60 Ma, 60–40 Ma, and 40–0 Ma, respectively, are divided in the Indian Ocean, based on dramatic changes in the direction of the main fracture zones due to three ridge jumping events. Third‐order units are characterized either by positive gravity anomaly associated with transform faults or oceanic core complexes (OCCs) or by negative gravity anomaly associated with hotspots or continental fragments of East Gondwana. The third‐order units are subdivided into fourth‐order units. Typical fourth‐order units are characterized either by gravity values of less than −46 mGal associated with hotspot‐related crustal thickening or greater than 46 mGal associated with OCC‐related or other unconfirmed tectonic‐related crustal thinning. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Performance of Denitrifying Phosphate Removal via Nitrite from Slaughterhouse Wastewater Treatment at Low Temperature

This study aims to investigate the effects of the organic loading rate (OLR) and the aeration rate on denitrifying phosphate removal (DPR) from slaughterhouse wastewater treated at a temperature of 11 °C. Three laboratory-scale intermittently aerated sequencing batch reactors (IASBRs) were set up and three OLRs and five aeration rates were employed in the study. The results indicated that efficient removals of nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) from DPR were achieved. Furthermore, the intermittent aeration pattern benefitted both the phosphorus-accumulating organisms (PAOs) and the denitrifying phosphorus-accumulating organisms (DPAOs) that accumulated at 11 °C. The ratio of P uptake in the aeration periods/P release in the non-aeration periods was in the range of 0.94–1.10 in the three stages. The relationship between the specific poly-β-hydroxybutyrate (PHB) degradation rate (z), the specific P removal rate (x), and the specific total oxidized nitrogen(TON) reduction rate (y) can be fitted approximately as a plane ( z = 1.3626 x + 0.2882 y − 0.6722 , R2 = 0.83).
RiskRanker: scalable and accurate zero-day android malware detection

Smartphone sales have recently experienced explosive growth. Their popularity also encourages malware authors to penetrate various mobile marketplaces with malicious applications (or apps). These malicious apps hide in the sheer number of other normal apps, which makes their detection challenging. Existing mobile anti-virus software are inadequate in their reactive nature by relying on known malware samples for signature extraction. In this paper, we propose a proactive scheme to spot zero-day Android malware. Without relying on malware samples and their signatures, our scheme is motivated to assess potential security risks posed by these untrusted apps. Specifically, we have developed an automated system called RiskRanker to scalably analyze whether a particular app exhibits dangerous behavior (e.g., launching a root exploit or sending background SMS messages). The output is then used to produce a prioritized list of reduced apps that merit further investigation. When applied to examine 118,318 total apps collected from various Android markets over September and October 2011, our system takes less than four days to process all of them and effectively reports 3281 risky apps. Among these reported apps, we successfully uncovered 718 malware samples (in 29 families) and 322 of them are zero-day (in 11 families). These results demonstrate the efficacy and scalability of RiskRanker to police Android markets of all stripes.
Magnetic Field Measurement on a Refined Kicker

To provide wide horizontal aperture of kicker ceramic chamber at the downstream of a short insertion devices and prepare for the operation of top-up mode injection, the National Synchrotron Radiation Research Center (NSRRC) has upgraded the kicker systems. The new systems have been tested and installed. An efficient procedure of in-situ wave form tuning was proposed and tested successfully.
Opinion mining and sentiment analysis

In the recent years, micro blogging platforms like Twitter have become instrumental in gauging public mood. So it makes it a feasible predictive strategy to speculate the rise and fall of stock prices. This paper aims to undertake a stepwise methodology to determine the effects of an average person's tweets over fluctuation of stock prices of a multinational firm called Samsung Electronics Ltd. It involves extracting tweets from twitter, data cleansing and application of a suitable algorithm in order to get the adequate sentiment analysis. The vast impact created by twitter data feed has been greatly studied in this paper. Attempts have been made to design an algorithm which works well analysing the positive, negative and neutral tweets.
Ranfis: Rough Adaptive Neuro-fuzzy Inference System

—The paper presents a new hybridization methodology involving Neural, Fuzzy and Rough Computing. A Rough Sets based approximation technique has been proposed based on a certain Neuro – Fuzzy architecture. A New Rough Neuron composition consisting of a combination of a Lower Bound neuron and a Boundary neuron has also been described. The conventional convergence of error in back propagation has been given away for a new framework based on 'Output Excitation Factor' and an inverse input transfer function. The paper also presents a brief comparison of performances, of the existing Rough Neural Networks and ANFIS architecture against the proposed methodology. It can be observed that the rough approximation based neuro-fuzzy architecture is superior to its counterparts.
On the determinants of pro-environmental behavior: A guide for further investigations

This paper provides a systematic review of current economic and psychological studies on the determinants of PEB published up to 2017. Our normative understanding and study of PEB can benefit from an integral review of these research traditions. Consequently, we identify various determinants of PEB that can be classified into four major types: - Socio-demographic factors (personal capabilities) - Attitudinal (psychological) factors - Habits - Contextual factors (individual, social and institutional). Our paper shows that to understand the complex workings of PEB, it is no longer viable to study its determinants individually, but researchers must rather consider an interplay of these factors. In addition to the introduction of this intersectional approach, we show that measuring PEB in an adequate way requires the consideration of more than one or two distinct behaviors (multiple items) as the impact of the determinants differs depending on the analyzed behavior. PEB itself can also be distinguished into types of PEB (private vs public sphere behaviors, environmental activism). Additionally, our review gives an overview of the typical methodological approaches and systematizes the questions used to measure PEB. By combining results from economics and psychology, this work offers a starting point for a more intersectional and interdisciplinary understanding of PEB, and a guide for further empirical investigations.