Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Celastrol suppresses humoral immune responses and autoimmunity by targeting the COMMD3/8 complex

Celastrol, a bioactive molecule extracted from the Tripterygium wilfordii plant, has been shown to exhibit anti-inflammatory properties. However, its mechanism of action has not been fully elucidated. Here, we show that celastrol suppresses humoral immune responses and autoimmunity by disabling a protein complex consisting of copper metabolism MURR1 domain–containing (COMMD) 3 and COMMD8 (COMMD3/8 complex), a signaling adaptor for chemoattractant receptors. Having demonstrated the involvement of the COMMD3/8 complex in a mouse model of rheumatoid arthritis, we identified celastrol as a compound that covalently bound to and dissociated the COMMD3/8 complex. Celastrol inhibited B cell migration, reduced antibody responses, and blocked arthritis progression, recapitulating deficiency of the COMMD3/8 complex. These effects of celastrol were abolished in mice expressing a celastrol-resistant mutant of the COMMD3/8 complex. These findings establish that celastrol exerts immunosuppressive activity by targeting the COMMD3/8 complex. Our study suggests that the COMMD3/8 complex is a potentially druggable target in autoimmune diseases and points to celastrol as a lead pharmacologic candidate in this capacity. Description The anti-inflammatory drug celastrol suppresses humoral immune responses and alleviates autoimmunity by disrupting the COMMD3/8 complex. Targeting B cell migration in arthritis COMMD3 and COMMD8, members of the copper metabolism MURR1 domain–containing (COMMD) protein family, form a heterodimer essential for chemoattractant-mediated B cell migration during induction of humoral immune responses. By screening a compound library for molecules capable of disrupting the COMMD3/8 complex, Shirai et al. identified the Chinese herbal medicine celastrol as a potent inhibitor of COMMD3 association with COMMD8. In a mouse model of rheumatoid arthritis, celastrol treatment initiated at the onset of arthritis prevented disease progression. Celastrol’s ability to disrupt the COMMD3/8 complex and inhibit arthritis was lost when cysteine 170 of COMMD3 was replaced with alanine. These findings reveal a molecular mechanism for the anti-arthritic activity of celastrol and identify the COMMD3/8 complex as a potential drug target in B cell-dependent autoimmune diseases. —IRW
Restriction implies Bochner–Riesz for paraboloids

Let Σ ⊆ ℝn be a (compact) hypersurface with non-vanishing Gaussian curvature, with suitable parameterizations, also called Σ: U → ℝn (U open patches in ℝn−1). The restriction problem for Σ is the question of the a priori estimate (for f ∈ S(ℝ)) (^denoting the Fourier transform). The Bochner-Riesz problem for Σ is the question of whether the functions define Lp-bounded Fourier multiplier operators on ℝn in the range .
A Survey of AI-enabled Dynamic Manufacturing Scheduling: From Directed Heuristics to Autonomous Learning

As one of the most complex parts in manufacturing systems, scheduling plays an important role in the efficient allocation of resources to meet individual customization requirements. However, due to the uncertain disruptions (e.g., task arrival time, service breakdown duration) of manufacturing processes, how to respond to various dynamics in manufacturing to keep the scheduling process moving forward smoothly and efficiently is becoming a major challenge in dynamic manufacturing scheduling. To solve such a problem, a wide spectrum of artificial intelligence techniques have been developed to (1) accurately construct dynamic scheduling models that can represent both personalized customer needs and uncertain provider capabilities and (2) efficiently obtain a qualified schedule within a limited time. From these two perspectives, this article systemically makes a state-of-the-art literature survey on the application of these artificial intelligence techniques in dynamic manufacturing modeling and scheduling. It first introduces two types of dynamic scheduling problems that consider service- and task-related disruptions in the manufacturing process, respectively, followed by a bibliometric analysis of artificial intelligence techniques for dynamic manufacturing scheduling. Next, various kinds of artificial-intelligence-enabled schedulers for solving dynamic scheduling problems including both directed heuristics and autonomous learning methods are reviewed, which strive not only to quickly obtain optimized solutions but also to effectively achieve the adaption to dynamics. Finally, this article further elaborates on the future opportunities and challenges of using artificial-intelligence-enabled schedulers to solve complex dynamic scheduling problems. In summary, this survey aims to present a thorough and organized overview of artificial-intelligence-enabled dynamic manufacturing scheduling and shed light on some related research directions that are worth studying in the future.
EtherCAT as an alternative for the next generation real-time control system for telescopes

Abstract. The ALMA Observatory was inaugurated in 2013; after the first 8 years of successful operation, obsolescence emerged in different areas. One of the most critical areas is the control bus of the hardware devices located in antennas, which is based on a customized protocol built on top of the controller area network bus. Similarly, other observatories are facing the same problem. In collaboration with the Universidad de la Frontera, initial studies were performed to explore alternatives to provide state-of-the-art solutions for the next decades, and one of the candidate solutions can be based on the EtherCAT technology. Our study takes the ALMA control system as an example; it compares the current architecture with the new design that is not only compatible with the existing hardware devices of ALMA but also provides the foundation for the new subsystems associated with ALMA 2030 initiatives. The progress of a proof of concept is reported, which explores the possibility of embedding the existing ALMA monitor and control data structure into EtherCAT frames, using EtherCAT as the primary communication protocol to monitor and control hardware devices of ALMA telescope subsystems.
Light absorption enhancement of silicon solar cell based on horizontal nanowire arrays

Abstract. The effects of geometry and horizontal positioning of ultrathin triangular silicon nanowires (SiNWs) on the function of solar cells (SCs) have been investigated. Two differentiated methods have been presented to improve the current density of SiNW-SCs. First, a semiperiodic array is used for better utilization of the optical antenna effect. In the second method, several NWs with different geometries are used to achieve broadband absorption. The key to increase absorption is irregularity. Therefore, maximum light absorption is achieved by introducing irregular NWs. A set of optimized irregular NWs have better properties compared to other broadband structures. Using irregular NW arrays, the increase in the absorption of SCs can be improved without applying more absorbent materials. Optimization processes are used to obtain the maximum current density of SCs.
Analysis of genomic copy number variations through whole-genome scan in Chinese Qaidam cattle

Qaidam cattle (CDM) are indigenous breed inhabiting Northwest China. In the present study, we newly sequenced 20 Qaidam cattle to investigate the copy number variants (CNVs) based on the ARS-UMD1.2 reference genome. We generated the CNV region (CNVR) datasets to explore the genomic CNV diversity and population stratification. The other four cattle breeds (Xizang cattle, XZ; Kazakh cattle, HSK; Mongolian cattle, MG; and Yanbian cattle, YB) from the regions of North China embracing 43 genomic sequences were collected and are distinguished from each of the other diverse populations by deletions and duplications. We also observed that the number of duplications was significantly more than deletions in the genome, which may be less harmful to gene formation and function. At the same time, only 1.15% of CNVRs overlapped with the exon region. Population differential CNVRs and functional annotations between the Qaidam cattle population and other cattle breeds revealed the functional genes related to immunity (MUC6), growth (ADAMTSL3), and adaptability (EBF2). Our analysis has provided numerous genomic characteristics of some Chinese cattle breeds, which are valuable as customized biological molecular markers in cattle breeding and production.
Association of APOE ε4/ε4 with fluid biomarkers in patients from the PUMCH dementia cohort

Background Apolipoprotein-E (APOE) ε4 is a major genetic risk factor for Alzheimer’s disease (AD). Current studies, which were mainly based on the clinical diagnosis rather than biomarkers, come to inconsistent conclusions regarding the associations of APOE ε4 homozygotes (APOE ε4/ε4) and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) biomarkers of AD. In addition, few studies have explored the associations of APOE ε4/ε4 with plasma biomarkers. Therefore, we aimed to investigate the associations of APOE ε4/ε4 with fluid biomarkers in dementia and biomarker-diagnosed AD. Methods A total of 297 patients were enrolled. They were classified into Alzheimer’s continuum, AD, and non-AD, according to CSF biomarkers and/or β amyloid PET results. AD was a subgroup of the AD continuum. Plasma Amyloid β (Aβ) 40, Aβ42, glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP), neurofilament light chain (NFL), and phosphorylated tau (P-tau)181 were quantified in 144 of the total population using an ultra-sensitive Simoa technology. We analyzed the associations of APOE ε4/ε4 on CSF and plasma biomarkers in dementia and biomarker diagnosed AD. Results Based on the biomarker diagnostic criteria, 169 participants were diagnosed with Alzheimer’s continuum and 128 individuals with non-AD, and among the former, 120 patients with AD. The APOE ε4/ε4 frequencies were 11.8% (20/169), 14.2% (17/120), and 0.8% (1/128) in Alzheimer’s continuum, AD and non-AD, respectively. Only CSF Aβ42 was shown to be decreased in APOE ε4/ε4 carriers than in non-carriers for patients with AD (p = 0.024). Furthermore, we did not find any associations of APOE ε4 with plasma biomarkers of AD and non-AD. Interestingly, we found that in non-AD patients, APOE ε4 carriers had lower CSF Aβ42 (p = 0.018) and higher T-tau/Aβ42 ratios (p < 0.001) and P-tau181/Aβ42 ratios (p = 0.002) than non-carriers. Conclusion Our data confirmed that of the three groups (AD continuum, AD, and non-AD), those with AD had the highest frequency of APOE ɛ4/ɛ4 genotypes. The APOE ɛ4/ɛ4 was associated with CSF levels of Aβ42 but not tau for AD and non-AD, suggesting that APOE ɛ4/ɛ4 affected the Aβ metabolism of both. No associations between APOE ε4/ɛ4 and plasma biomarkers of AD and non-AD were found.
Research on the influence of trapezoidal magnetization of bonded magnetic ring on cogging torque

Abstract In this article, the influence of trapezoidal magnetization method on cogging torque of permanent magnet motor is studied. First, the structure is analyzed by analytical method to explain its mechanism of reducing cogging torque. Then, in order to verify the effectiveness of the formula, a six-slot four-pole motor is introduced for finite element analysis. Through comparison of the original structure motor, the magnet skew structure motor, and the trapezoidal magnetic pole structure motor, it demonstrates that the trapezoidal magnetic pole structure motor can effectively reduce the Cogging torque and does not produce additional axial electromagnetic force. Finally, a magnetizing fixture with a trapezoidal magnetic pole structure is made to magnetize the magnetic ring. The magnetized magnetic ring is installed on the motor, and the Cogging torque, Back EMF, etc., are tested. The test results are in good agreement with the simulation results. This method can be used to optimize the cogging torque of the permanent magnet motor.
Some results for a p(x)-Kirchhoff type variation-inequality problems in non-divergence form

Abstract The author of this article concerns with the existence, uniqueness, and stability of the weak solution to the variation-inequality problem. The Kirchhoff operator is a non-divergence form with space variable parameter. The existence of generalized solution is proved by the Leray-Schauder principle and parabolic regularization. The uniqueness and stability of the solution are also discussed by contradiction.
Interstellar bubbles. II - Structure and evolution

The detailed structure of the interaction of a strong stellar wind with the interstellar medium is presented. First, an adiabatic similarity solution is given which is applicable at early times. Second, a similarity solution is derived which includes the effects of thermal conduction between the hot (about 1 million K) interior and the cold shell of swept-up interstellar matter. This solution is then modified to include the effects of radiative energy losses. The evolution of an interstellar bubble is calculated, including the radiative losses. The quantitative results for the outer-shell radius and velocity and the column density of highly ionized species such as O VI are within a factor 2 of the approximate results of Castor, McCray, and Weaver (1975). The effect of stellar motion on the structure of a bubble, the hydrodynamic stability of the outer shell, and the observable properties of the hot region and the outer shell are discussed.
Evaluating equity in performance of an electronic health record-based 6-month mortality risk model to trigger palliative care consultation: a retrospective model validation analysis

Objective Evaluate predictive performance of an electronic health record (EHR)-based, inpatient 6-month mortality risk model developed to trigger palliative care consultation among patient groups stratified by age, race, ethnicity, insurance and socioeconomic status (SES), which may vary due to social forces (eg, racism) that shape health, healthcare and health data. Design Retrospective evaluation of prediction model. Setting Three urban hospitals within a single health system. Participants All patients ≥18 years admitted between 1 January and 31 December 2017, excluding observation, obstetric, rehabilitation and hospice (n=58 464 encounters, 41 327 patients). Main outcome measures General performance metrics (c-statistic, integrated calibration index (ICI), Brier Score) and additional measures relevant to health equity (accuracy, false positive rate (FPR), false negative rate (FNR)). Results For black versus non-Hispanic white patients, the model’s accuracy was higher (0.051, 95% CI 0.044 to 0.059), FPR lower (−0.060, 95% CI −0.067 to −0.052) and FNR higher (0.049, 95% CI 0.023 to 0.078). A similar pattern was observed among patients who were Hispanic, younger, with Medicaid/missing insurance, or living in low SES zip codes. No consistent differences emerged in c-statistic, ICI or Brier Score. Younger age had the second-largest effect size in the mortality prediction model, and there were large standardised group differences in age (eg, 0.32 for non-Hispanic white versus black patients), suggesting age may contribute to systematic differences in the predicted probabilities between groups. Conclusions An EHR-based mortality risk model was less likely to identify some marginalised patients as potentially benefiting from palliative care, with younger age pinpointed as a possible mechanism. Evaluating predictive performance is a critical preliminary step in addressing algorithmic inequities in healthcare, which must also include evaluating clinical impact, and governance and regulatory structures for oversight, monitoring and accountability.
Factors related to adverse long-term outcomes after mild traumatic brain injury in children: a scoping review

Objective To identify demographic, premorbid and injury-related factors, or biomarkers associated with long-term (≥3 months) adverse outcomes in children after mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI). Design Scoping review of literature. Patients Children and adolescents with mTBI. Risk factors Any demographic, premorbid and injury-related factors, or biomarkers were included. We excluded genetic and treatment-related factors. Main outcome measures Postconcussion syndrome (PCS), recovery. Results Seventy-three publications were included, reporting 12 long-term adverse outcomes, including PCS in 12 studies and recovery in 29 studies. Additional outcomes studied were symptom scores/severity (n=22), quality of life (n=9) and cognitive function (n=9). Forty-nine risk factors were identified across studies. Risk factors most often assessed were sex (n=28), followed by age (n=23), injury mechanism = (n=22) and prior mTBI (n=18). The influence of these and other risk factors on outcomes of mTBI were inconsistent across the reviewed literature. Conclusions The most researched risk factors are sex, age and mechanism of injury, but their effects have been estimated inconsistently and did not show a clear pattern. The most studied outcomes are recovery patterns and symptom severity. However, these may not be the most important outcomes for clinicians and patients. Future primary studies in this area should focus on patient-important outcomes. Population-based prospective studies are needed that address prespecified hypotheses on the relationship of risk factors with given outcomes to enable reliable prediction of long-term adverse outcomes for childhood mTBI.
A web-based application for generating statistical tables

ABSTRACT Statistical tables associated with named probability distributions and their families, such as the standard normal, Student’s t, and chi-square tables, among others, have been utilized for years and are still widely used today, especially for mathematics and statistics education. While such tables can be found in many statistics textbooks and even on the internet, various shortcomings exist regarding the process of obtaining and distributing tables, as well as the content and appearance of some. In this article, a description is provided of a free, web-based Shiny application created by the author to address these shortcomings and which enables users to generate common statistical tables that are simple and quick to make, customizable, and that users may download and distribute without fear of committing copyright infringement.
Design and performance analysis of wearable antenna for ISM band applications

ABSTRACT The paper proposes a wearable multiband antenna applicable for ISM (Industrial, Scientific and Medical) band, bluetooth, WiMAX, upper WLAN, fifth-generation (5G) smartphone applications, INSAT and radio altimeter, X-band, point-to-point hi-speed wireless, satellite TV, and C-band applications. This antenna is designed to function at resonance frequencies of 2.45 GHz, 4.6 GHz, 6.6 GHz and 8.2 GHz. The proposed textile antenna design dimensions are 50x80x0.56mm3. The antenna presented 47% impedance bandwidth covering the ISM band. The simulated value of the gain provided by the proposed wearable textile antenna is 5.59 dBi, 3.67 dBi, 3.99 dBi, 4.42 dBi at 2.45 GHz, 4.6 GHz, 6.6 GHz and 8.2 GHz resonant frequencies respectively.Simulations are therefore carried out using the human tissue model to show the specific absorption rate (SAR) value of the proposed antenna at different resonant frequencies. The antenna is fabricated and the simulated reflection coefficient validation is done with the measured results. The Antenna in off space provides 45% (2.1-3.32 GHz) impedance bandwidth. The antenna measured on the back of the human body provides percentage impedance bandwidth of 145% covering 1.4 to 8.8 GHz frequency band applicable for ISM band and other wireless applications.
Post-Quantum Privacy Pass via Post-Quantum Anonymous Credentials

It is known that one can generically construct a post-quantum anonymous credential scheme, supporting the showing of arbitrary predicates on its attributes using general-purpose zero-knowledge proofs secure against quantum adversaries [Fischlin, CRYPTO 2006]. Traditionally, such a generic instantiation is thought to come with impractical sizes and performance. We show that with careful choices and optimizations, such a scheme can perform surprisingly well. In fact, it performs competitively against state-of-the-art post-quantum blind signatures, for the simpler problem of post-quantum unlink-able tokens, required for a post-quantum version of Privacy Pass . To wit, a post-quantum Privacy Pass constructed in this way using zkDilithium, our proposal for a STARK-friendly variation on Dilithium2, allows for a trade-off between token size (85–175 KB) and generation time (0.3–5 s) with a proof security level of 115 bits. Verification of these tokens can be done in 20–30 ms. We argue that these tokens are reasonably practical, adding less than a second upload time over traditional tokens, supported by a measurement study. Finally, we point out a clear advantage of our approach: the flexibility afforded by the general purpose zero-knowledge proofs. We demonstrate this by showing how we can construct a rate-limited variant of Privacy Pass that doesn’t not rely on non-collusion for privacy.
Locally Covert Learning

The goal of a covert learning algorithm is to learn a function f by querying it, while ensuring that an adversary, who sees all queries and their responses, is unable to (efficiently) learn any more about f than they could learn from random input-output pairs. We focus on a relaxation that we call local covertness , in which queries are distributed across k servers and we only limit what is learnable by k − 1 colluding servers. For any constant k , we give a locally covert algorithm for efficiently learning any Fourier-sparse function (technically, our notion of learning is improper, agnostic, and with respect to the uniform distribution). Our result holds unconditionally and for computationally unbounded adversaries. Prior to our work, such an algorithm was known only for the special case of O (log n )-juntas, and only with k = 2 servers [9]. Our main technical observation is that the original Goldreich-Levin algorithm only utilizes i.i. d. pairs of correlated queries, where each half of every pair is uniformly random. We give a simple generalization of this algorithm in which pairs are replaced by k -tuples in which any k − 1 components are jointly uniform. The cost of this generalization is that the number of queries needed grows exponentially with k .
Transcriptional profiling of populations in the clam Ruditapes decussatus suggests genetically determined differentiation in gene-expression along parallel temperature gradients and between races of the Atlantic Ocean and West Mediterranean sea

Ongoing ocean warming due to climate change poses new challenges for marine life and its exploitation. We have used transcriptomics to find genetically-based responses to increased temperature in natural populations of the marine clam Ruditapes decussatus living along parallel thermal gradients in southern Europe. Clams of the Atlantic and West Mediterranean races were collected in a northern (cool) and a southern (warm) localities. The animals were kept in running seawater in the warm, Atlantic southern locality for a 15-week period, during which water temperature raised to typical southern European summer values. After this period, the expression profile was obtained for a total of 34 clams and 11,025 probes by means of an oligonucleotide microarray. We found distinct transcriptional patterns for each population based on a total of 553 differentially expressed genes (DEG), indicating innate differences which probably have a genetic basis. Race and latitude contributed significantly to gene expression differences, with very different sets of DEG. A gene ontology analysis showed that races differed mainly at genes involved in ribosomal function and protein biosynthesis, while genes related to glutathione metabolism and ATP synthesis in the mitochondria were the most outstanding as to north/south transcriptional differences.