Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Dissemination or participation? Exploring scientists’ definitions and science communication goals in the Netherlands

The field of science communication has grown considerably over the past decade, and so have the number of scientific writings on what science communication is and how it should be practiced. The multitude of theoretisations and models has led to a lack of clarity in defining science communication, and to a highly popularised—and theorised—rhetorical shift from deficit to dialogue and participation. With this study, we aim to remediate the absence of research into what science communication is, for scientists themselves. We also investigate whether the transition towards dialogue and participation is reflected in the goals scientists identify as important to their science communication efforts, both in a general and a social media context. For this, we analyse survey data collected from scientists in the Netherlands using thematic qualitative analysis and statistical analysis. Our results reveal six main dimensions of science communication as defined by our respondents. The 584 definitions we analyse demonstrate a focus on a one-way process of transmission and translation of scientific results and their impacts towards a lay audience, via mostly traditional media channels, with the goals of making science more accessible, of educating audiences, and of raising awareness about science. In terms of the goals identified as most important by scientists in the Netherlands, we find goals aligned with the deficit and dialogue models of science communication to be the most important. Overall, our findings suggest we should be cautious in the face of recent claims that we live in a new era of dialogue, transparency, and participation in the realm of science communication.
Evaluating the influence of a constraint manipulation on technical, tactical and physical athlete behaviour

Evaluating practice design is an important component of supporting skill acquisition and improving team-sport performance. Constraint manipulations, including creating a numerical advantage or disadvantage during training, may be implemented by coaches to influence aspects of player or team behaviour. This study presents methods to evaluate the interaction between technical, tactical and physical behaviours of professional Australian Football players during numerical advantage and disadvantage conditions within a small-sided game. During each repetition of the game, team behaviour was manually annotated to determine: repetition duration, disposal speed, total disposals, efficiency, and disposal type. Global Positioning System devices were used to quantify tactical (surface area) and physical (velocity and high intensity running) variables. A rule association and classification tree analysis were undertaken. The top five rules for each constraint manipulation had confidence levels between 73.3% and 100%, which identified the most frequent behaviour interactions. Specifically, four advantage rules involved high surface area and medium high intensity running indicating the attacking team’s frequent movement solution within this constraint. The classification tree included three behaviour metrics: surface area, velocity 1SD and repetition duration, and identified two unique movement solutions for each constraint manipulation. These results may inform if player behaviour is achieving the desired outcomes of a constraint manipulation, which could help practitioners determine the efficacy of a training task. Further, critical constraint values provided by the models may guide practitioners in their ongoing constraint manipulations to facilitate skill acquisition. Sport practitioners can adapt these methods to evaluate constraint manipulations and inform practice design.
Compact active/adaptive x‐ray mirror: Bimorph piezoelectric flexible mirror

A very compact active x‐ray mirror based on the properties of bimorph piezoelectric systems has been developed at the ESRF. The use of such a system as an x‐ray focusing device has a number of advantages among which are compactness, low cost, and versatility. As a demonstrative test, a white focused beam of 35 μm has been obtained on an ESRF bending magnet beamline that corresponds to a demagnification of 1/18. A theoretical description of the system behavior is given, and compared with both finite element analysis and interferometric measurements. Examples of more advanced devices are discussed.
First Demonstration of Compton Camera Used for X-Ray Fluorescence Imaging

X-ray fluorescence computed tomography (XFCT) is a promising approach used for obtaining the distribution of high-Z elements in the target object. The characteristic energy of X-ray fluorescence (XRF) photons makes XFCT have higher sensitivity and contrast ratio. Conventional XFCT systems usually require mechanical collimators, which leads to a huge loss of incident photons and reduce photon collection efficiency. The Compton camera is an imaging modality that uses electronic collimation to obtain the incident direction of the photons, which brings advantages in the detection area and X-ray photon collection efficiency. Compton cameras can also achieve three-dimensional (3D) imaging with one or several views of scanning without rotation. Therefore, it is a good idea to realize XRF imaging by using Compton cameras, which may provide more potential applications and imaging possibilities, such as handheld XRF imaging or image-guided interventional operation. In this work, we demonstrate the first Compton camera platform which is used for XRF imaging. The proposed X-ray fluorescence Compton camera (XFCC) mainly consists of a conventional X-ray tube (150kVp) and a Timepix3 photon-counting detector (PCD). A PMMA phantom with insertions containing different concentrations of 4%, 6%, 8%, and 10% (weight/volume) Gd solution is scanned by a fan-beam X-ray. Besides, a Compton camera-based X-ray fluorescence imaging reconstruction method (CCFIRM) is developed to solve specific problems in XFCC reconstruction. The reconstruction images and the quantitative analyses of the contrast-to-noise ratio (CNR) are presented. The results indicate that the detectability limit of the proposed XFCC platform is 3.5139 wt. % (CNR $=4$ ).
Photocapacitance effects of deep traps in epitaxial GaAs

A photocapacitance technique which allows rapid characterization of deep traps in a semiconductor is described. Continuous illumination with light of photon energy slightly below the band gap provides for the occupation of a trap level by both holes and electrons, and at the same time reduces the time constants associated with population changes to typically 0.1 sec. The first feature enables both hole‐emission and electron‐emission processes to be detected in a single spectrum and the second eliminates the effects of long time constants which could be masked by slow drifts. Sharp features due to individual traps are displayed by electronic differentiation with respect to energy of the photocapacitance signal. Thus we refer to the technique as double source differentiated photocapacitance (DSDP). Our data for deep levels in GaAs show that the variation of cross section with respect to energy is much more rapid than described by the frequently applied Lucovsky theory. This effect can be understood in terms.
On a quadratic inverse eigenvalue problem

This paper concerns the quadratic inverse eigenvalue problem (QIEP) of constructing real symmetric matrices M, C and K of size n × n, with M nonsingular, so that the quadratic matrix polynomial Q(λ) ≡ λ2M + λC + K has a completely prescribed set of eigenvalues and eigenvectors. It is shown via construction that the QIEP has a solution if and only if r < 2n and δ > 0, where r and δ are computable from the prescribed spectral data. A necessary and sufficient condition for the existence of a solution to the QIEP with M being positive definite is also established in a constructive way. Furthermore, two algorithms are developed: one is to solve the QIEP; another is to find a particular solution to the QIEP with the leading coefficient matrix being positive definite, which also provides us an approach to a simultaneous reduction of real symmetric matrix triple (M, C, K) by real congruence. Numerical results show that the two algorithms are feasible and numerically reliable.
Drosophila SUMM4 complex couples insulator function and DNA replication control

Asynchronous replication of chromosome domains during S phase is essential for eukaryotic genome function, but the mechanisms establishing which domains replicate early versus late in different cell types remain incompletely understood. Intercalary heterochromatin domains replicate very late in both diploid chromosomes of dividing cells and in endoreplicating polytene chromosomes where they are also underreplicated. Drosophila SNF2-related factor SUUR imparts locus-specific underreplication of polytene chromosomes. SUUR negatively regulates DNA replication fork progression; however, its mechanism of action remains obscure. Here, we developed a novel method termed MS-Enabled Rapid protein Complex Identification (MERCI) to isolate a stable stoichiometric native complex SUMM4 that comprises SUUR and a chromatin boundary protein Mod(Mdg4)-67.2. Mod(Mdg4) stimulates SUUR ATPase activity and is required for a normal spatiotemporal distribution of SUUR in vivo. SUUR and Mod(Mdg4)-67.2 together mediate the activities of gypsy insulator that prevent certain enhancer–promoter interactions and establish euchromatin–heterochromatin barriers in the genome. Furthermore, SuUR or mod(mdg4) mutations reverse underreplication of intercalary heterochromatin. Thus, SUMM4 can impart late replication of intercalary heterochromatin by attenuating the progression of replication forks through euchromatin/heterochromatin boundaries. Our findings implicate a SNF2 family ATP-dependent motor protein SUUR in the insulator function, reveal that DNA replication can be delayed by a chromatin barrier, and uncover a critical role for architectural proteins in replication control. They suggest a mechanism for the establishment of late replication that does not depend on an asynchronous firing of late replication origins.
Divergent Component of Motion Planning and Adaptive Repetitive Control for Wearable Walking Exoskeletons

Wearable walking exoskeletons show great potentials in helping patients with neuro musculoskeletal stroke. Key to the successful applications is the design of effective walking trajectories that enable smooth walking for exoskeletons. This work proposes a walking planning method based on the divergent component of motion to obtain a stable joint angle trajectory. Since periodic and nonperiodic disturbances are ubiquitous in the repeating walking motion of an exoskeleton system, a major challenge in the walking control of wearable exoskeleton is the joint angle drift problem, that is, the joint angle motion trajectories are not necessarily periodic due to the presence of disturbance. To address this challenge, this work develops an adaptive repetitive control strategy to guarantee that the motion trajectories of joint angle are repetitive. In particular, by treating the disturbance as system uncertainties, an adaptive controller is designed to compensate for the uncertainties based on an integral-type Lyapunov function. A fully saturated learning approach is then developed to achieve asymptotic tracking of repetitive walking trajectories. Extensive experiments are carried out to demonstrate the effectiveness of the tracking performance.
Double-end crosslinked electro-optic polymer modulators with high optical power handling capability

Integrated Mach–Zehnder and straight channel electro-optic modulators have been fabricated with a double-end crosslinked polymer containing amino-sulfone chromophores. The optical power handling capability of these modulators was tested at 1.32 μm wavelength and at input optical power levels compatible with commercial analog transmitters. At a cw peak intensity of 0.9 MW/cm2 inside the waveguide, the double-end crosslinked polymer waveguide modulators exhibited no observable increase in optical loss or degradation of nonlinearity during the experiment period. The poled polymer showed a long-term thermal stability of the electro-optic coefficient at 100 °C and photochemical stability at 633 nm wavelength.
Automatic ionospheric scintillation detector for global navigation satellite system receivers

Severe ionosphere scintillations have been known to affect the performance and measurement accuracy of Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) receivers. The scintillation in signal amplitude and phase reduces the number of available GNSS satellites by causing the loss of lock in GNSS receivers. Hence, the investigation of ionospheric scintillations is imperative for monitoring the activities of the atmosphere, ionosphere and space weather. Scintillations can be modelled as a function of scintillation indices like amplitude scintillation index (S4), phase scintillation index (σO), C/N and elevation angle with respect to the time. In this study, the GNSS Ionospheric Scintillation and TEC monitor receiver located at the K L University, Vaddeswaram, India, sited in low latitudes, provided the data for the real-time analysis of ionospheric scintillations. This paper describes an ionospheric scintillation model (RTISM), which determines the automatic threshold for different scintillation signals using the Neyman Pearson detector. The results of the RTISM model include estimation, detection and mitigation of ionospheric scintillations using wavelet analysis, Hilbert–Huang transform and binary hypothesis test. The RTISM model has been tested for major scintillation events observed during the geomagnetic storms that occurred in the maximum solar activity periods of the 24th solar cycle (2013–2014).
Association of Geriatric Emergency Department post‐discharge referral order and follow‐up with healthcare utilization

Compared with younger adults who receive care in the emergency department (ED), older patients who are discharged home have greater risk of adverse health outcomes. Connecting older adults with outpatient care following ED discharge are among the guidelines of the Geriatric Emergency Department (GED). The objective of this study was to examine the association between referral order placed during the ED visit for older adults and post‐discharge follow‐up to the outcomes of 72‐h ED revisit, 30‐day ED revisit, and 30‐day all cause and unplanned hospital admission.
FtsH degrades kinetically stable dimers of cyclopropane fatty acid synthase via an internal degron

Targeted protein degradation plays important roles in stress responses in all cells. In E. coli, the membrane‐bound AAA+ FtsH protease degrades cytoplasmic and membrane proteins. Here, we demonstrate that FtsH degrades cyclopropane fatty acid (CFA) synthase, whose synthesis is induced upon nutrient deprivation and entry into stationary phase. We find that neither the disordered N‐terminal residues nor the structured C‐terminal residues of the kinetically stable CFA‐synthase dimer are required for FtsH recognition and degradation. Experiments with fusion proteins support a model in which an internal degron mediates FtsH recognition as a prelude to unfolding and proteolysis. These findings elucidate the terminal step in the life cycle of CFA synthase and provide new insight into FtsH function.
Impact of health literacy and its interventions on health outcomes in those with atrial fibrillation: a systematic review protocol

Introduction Atrial fibrillation (AF) is associated with increased risk of stroke, heart failure and death. Health literacy, an aspect that falls within precision health, has been recognised as an important factor. We will be focusing on the impact of these interventions specifically to AF and its health outcomes. Methods and analysis This protocol is informed by the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic review and Meta-Analysis Protocols. The results will be reported in line with the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses to determine the impacts of health literacy interventions on AF outcomes. Searches will be carried out on databases including MEDLINE, EMBASE, Web of Science, CINAHL, Emcare, Cochrane Library and Google Scholar. Citations will be collected via Endnote 20, then into Covidence for duplicate removal, and article screening. Extraction will occur using a standardised extraction tool and studies will be synthesised using best evidence synthesis. Downs and Black’s checklist will be used for risk of bias and assessment of overall quality of evidence will use the Grading of Recommendations, Assessment, Development and Evaluation approach. Ethics and dissemination Approval from human research ethics committee is not required. Dissemination will occur in peer-reviewed journals and conference presentations. PROSPERO registration number CRD42022304835.
Facilitating a high-quality dietary pattern induces shared microbial responses linking diet quality, blood pressure, and microbial sterol metabolism in caregiver-child dyads

ABSTRACT Low-resource individuals are at increased risk of obesity and cardiovascular disease (CVD), partially attributable to poor dietary patterns and dysfunctional microbiota. Dietary patterns in childhood play critical roles in physiological development and are shaped by caregivers, making caregiver-child dyads attractive targets for dietary interventions to reduce metabolic disease risk. Herein, we targeted low-resource caregiver-child dyads for a 10-week, randomized, controlled, multifaceted lifestyle intervention including: nutrition and physical activity education, produce harvesting, cooking demonstrations, nutrition counseling, and kinetic activites; to evaluate its effects on dietary patterns, CVD risk factors, and microbiome composition. Subjects in the lifestyle intervention group improved total diet quality, increased whole grain intake, decreased energy intake, and enhanced fecal elimination of the microbe-derived metabolite lithocholic acid (LCA) in contrast to control subjects. Microbiomes were highly personalized, similar within dyads, and altered by lifestyle intervention. Differential modeling of microbiome composition identified taxa associated with total diet quality, whole grain intake, and LCA elimination including recognized fiber-degrading bacteria such as Subdoligranulum, and bile acid metabolizing organisms like Bifidobacterium. Inclusion of taxa identified in diet and metabolite modeling within blood pressure models improved prediction accuracy of microbiome-blood pressure associations. Importantly, microbiota-blood pressure relationships were shared between dyads, implying shared host-microbiota responses to lifestyle intervention. Overall, these outcomes provide insight into mechanisms by which dietary interventions impact the gut-cardiovascular axis to reduce future CVD risk. Registered at clinicaltrials.gov: NCT05367674
Mechanism of LH release after peripheral administration of kisspeptin in cattle

Kisspeptin modulates GnRH secretion in mammals and peripheral administration of 10-amino acid fragment of kisspeptin (Kp10) induces LH release and ovulation in cattle. Experiments were done to determine if iv administration of kisspeptin will activate GnRH neurons (i.e., after crossing the blood-brain barrier) and if pre-treatment with a GnRH receptor blocker will alter kisspeptin-induced LH release (from gonadotrophs) and ovulation. In Experiment 1, cows (n = 3 per group) were given human-Kisspeptin10 (hKp10; 3 x 15 mg iv at 60-min intervals) or normal saline and euthanized 150 min after treatment was initiated. Every 20th free-floating section (50 μm thickness) from the preoptic area to hypothalamus was double immunostained to colocalize GnRH- (DAB) and activated neurons (cFOS; Nickel-DAB). Kisspeptin induced plasma LH release from 15 to 150 min (P = 0.01) but the proportion of activated GnRH neurons did not differ between groups (5.8% and 3.5%, respectively; P = 0.11). Immunogold electron microscopy detected close contacts between kisspeptin fibers and GnRH terminals in the median eminence. In Experiment 2, pubertal heifers (n = 5 per group) were treated with 1) hKp10 iv, 2) Cetrorelix (GnRH antagonist; im) + hKp10 iv or 3) saline on Day 6 of the follicular wave under low-progesterone condition. A rise in plasma LH concentration was detected from 15 to 240 min in the hKp10 group but not in cetrorelix or control group (P<0.001). Ovulations were detected only in the hKp10 group (4/5; P = 0.02). Cetrorelix treatment was associated with regression of the preovulatory dominant follicle and emergence of a new follicular wave 3.4±0.75 days after the treatment in all five heifers. Results support the hypothesis that the effect of peripheral kisspeptin is mediated downstream of GnRH synthesis and does not involve GnRH-independent LH release from gonadotrophs. Peripheral kisspeptin may release pre-synthesized GnRH from the nerve terminals in areas outside the blood-brain barrier.
Aspirational leaders help us change: Ingroup prototypicality enables effective group psychotherapy leadership

Abstract Objectives Research suggests that leaders are effective when they are ingroup prototypical (represent the identity of the group they seek to lead). However, it is unclear whether leaders should represent the group's current identity (“who we are”) or aspired identity (“who we want to be”). This study investigated which of these forms of prototypicality best predicted leadership effectiveness in group psychotherapy. Design Longitudinal study. Methods 519 questionnaire responses were obtained from 112 women attending a four‐session body acceptance program. Focal measures included participant ratings of how often they thought their psychotherapy leaders and fellow group members would (a) engage in dieting thoughts and behaviours and (b) approve of dieting. Given the program's body acceptance focus, leader prototypicality was conceptualized as the difference between participants' perceptions of how often their leaders, versus group members, would diet at the start of therapy. Leadership effectiveness was conceptualized as reductions in perceived group approval of dieting across therapy. Two therapeutic outcomes were considered: body satisfaction and dieting intentions. Results A mixed‐effects repeated measures analysis indicated that group approval of dieting decreased more rapidly when participants perceived their leaders to be aspirational (thought that group leaders dieted less frequently than group members) than when they perceived them to be exemplary (thought that group leaders dieted as frequently as group members). Changes in group approval of dieting mediated the relationship between leader prototypicality and improved therapeutic outcomes. Conclusions Findings suggest that group psychotherapy leaders may increase their effectiveness by striving to embody their group's aspired identity.
Clustering analysis and decision-making by “rank of links”

In this paper, formalism for cluster analysis, based on the “Rank of Links”-theory, is suggested. It tackles resemble measures, cross-distance matrices, “rank of links”-metric and some other cluster characteristics. Using these notions, an algorithm of clustering has been designed. Its application to estimation and prognosis of decision-making process shows nice workability and reliability.