Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
GPS based determination of the integrated and spatially distributed water vapor in the troposphere

Climate change and global warming have become a major challenge for the sustainable development of our Earth and its environment. Intensive research is carried out to understand atmospheric processes and their implications. In this content, water vapor plays a key role. It is an important component of the global energy balance and is involved in many chemical reactions. In microwave measurements, the tropospheric refractivity causes a delay in the arrival of the signal propagating through the atmosphere. This refraction effect is one of the limiting factors in accurate GPS positioning. The tropospheric path delay can be decomposed into a dry and wet part, where the latter part is coupled with the integrated precipitable water vapor above the GPS receiver. On the one hand, the refraction effect has to be corrected for GPS measurements, on the other hand, it is a valuable signal to determine the spatial distribution of the water vapor. This study investigates both aspects. For the first part, two basic approaches are looked into: One method is based on meteorological measurements. Thereby, the integrated amount of water vapor and its temporal variation are the prime target. The other concept makes use of long-term GPS measurements. The arrival delay of the GPS signals are used, to estimate the integrated amount of water vapor. This result can then be the basis to determine its spatial distribution and temporal behavior. The investigation is based on a tomographic approach and forms the main content of part 2 of this thesis. In part 1, an extension of the software package COMEDIE is developed and applied to determine tropospheric path delays. COMEDIE allows a four-dimensional modeling (in space and time) of the meteorological parameters air pressure, temperature and water vapor pressure using a collocation approach. Integrating the meteorological parameters, tropospheric path delays are obtained. Evaluations and comparisons in Switzerland show the performance of this method. An overall good agreement was achieved compared to GPS-estimated path delays. The accuracy depends on the season, and is in the range of 1-2 cm for the tropospheric path delay. Continuous GPS measurements allow to estimate tropospheric path delays in the GPS processing. In a second approach of part 1, a method based on such GPSestimated path delays is developed. It uses like COMEDIE a four-dimensional model and a collocation adjustment to estimate tropospheric path delays at desired locations. Evaluations are carried out in the area of Switzerland using the permanent GPS network AGNES. Long-term time series of cross-correlations are analyzed. An accuracy of 0.5 1.5 cm is obtained. To resolve the GPS-estimated water vapor in the vertical, a tomographic approach is investigated in part 2 of this study. It is based on the assimilation of GPS doubledifference observations. The wet refractivity field is determined applying a leastsquares adjustment. To test the performance of the software, different weather
Diagnosing multiple system atrophy: current clinical guidance and emerging molecular biomarkers

Multiple system atrophy (MSA) is a rare and progressive neurodegenerative disorder characterized by motor and autonomic dysfunction. Accurate and early diagnosis of MSA is challenging due to its clinical similarity with other neurodegenerative disorders, such as Parkinson’s disease and atypical parkinsonian disorders. Currently, MSA diagnosis is based on clinical criteria drawing from the patient’s symptoms, lack of response to levodopa therapy, neuroimaging studies, and exclusion of other diseases. However, these methods have limitations in sensitivity and specificity. Recent advances in molecular biomarker research, such as α-synuclein protein amplification assays (RT-QuIC) and other biomarkers in cerebrospinal fluid and blood, have shown promise in improving the diagnosis of MSA. Additionally, these biomarkers could also serve as targets for developing disease-modifying therapies and monitoring treatment response. In this review, we provide an overview of the clinical syndrome of MSA and discuss the current diagnostic criteria, limitations of current diagnostic methods, and emerging molecular biomarkers that offer hope for improving the accuracy and early detection of MSA.
Piecemeal Modeling of the Effects of Joint Direct and Indirect Tax Reforms

In this article, we elicit the assumptions needed for an assessment of a joint reform of personal income and indirect taxes in a consistent conceptual framework. One often lacks an encompassing model for both labor supply decisions in real world tax and benefit contexts and the allocation of disposable income to commodities. We characterize households’ labor supply decisions by a random utility random opportunity model of job choice. We illustrate the framework with a Belgian tax reform proposal that shifts the burden away from labor taxes to indirect taxation. We find substantial empirical evidence that, both from a distributional and from a budgetary perspective, it is important to account for the impact of indirect taxes on the labor supply decision of households. The cost recovery effects of the tax shift are negative. This is, among other things, explained by the income effect in our job choice model.
Deep Constrained Clustering with Active Learning

: Deep semi-supervised clustering approaches, which use supervised data to help the deep neural network acquire cluster-friendly representations, have improved clustering performance and simultaneously increased the semantic value of the clustering results. However, the majority of them cannot utilize both labeled and unlabeled data completely. Furthermore, in these methods, the supervised information is either passively acquired or randomly picked, which may be insufficient, redundant, and even decrease the performance of these models. This paper provides a deep semi-supervised clustering technique with active learning to address the problems mentioned above. The procedure is divided into two sections: model training and data labeling. In the model training section, the paired data is used to train the pseudo-Siamese network, and then the sub networks of the pseudo-Siamese network are fine-tuned using self-training. A new query strategy is devised in the data labeling part, which combines the traditional uncertainty query strategy with the deep Bayesian uncertainty query strategy. Finally, substantial tests are conducted to confirm the utility of the suggested approach on certain real-world data sets. The results of the tests demonstrate that both the suggested method and query strategy are practical.
Chronic pain is a risk factor for incident Alzheimer’s disease: a nationwide propensity-matched cohort using administrative data

Introduction Chronic pain (CP) is one of the most disabling conditions in the elderly and seems to be a risk factor for the development of Alzheimer’s disease and related dementias (ADRD). Only one study, using national administrative health databases, assessed and demonstrated that chronic pain (all types of pain) was a risk factor for dementia, but without assessing the impact of pain medications. Method To assess the impact of all types of chronic pain and the long-term use of pain medications on the person-years incidence of ADRD, a retrospective nationwide healthcare administrative data study was performed using the national inter-regime health insurance information system (SNIIRAM) to the French national health data system (SNDS). Incident people >50 years old with chronic pain, defined by at least 6-months duration analgesics treatment or by a diagnosis/long-term illness of chronic pain between 2006 and 2010, were included. Chronic pain individuals were matched with non-CP individuals by a propensity score. Individuals were followed up from 9 to 13 years to identify occurrences of ADRD from 2006. Results Among 64,496 French individuals, the incidence of ADRD was higher in the chronic pain population than control (1.13% vs. 0.95%, p <0.001). Chronic pain increases the risk of ADRD (HR = 1.23) and the incidence of ADRD was higher for women and increased significantly with age. Discussion Our study highlights the importance of prevention, diagnosis, and management of chronic pain in elderly to reduce the risk of development and/or worsening of dementia.
HRSC: the High Resolution Stereo Camera of Mars Express

Russian-led Mars-96 mission, was selected as part of the Orbiter payload for ESA’s Mars Express mission. The HRSC is a pushbroom scanning instrument with nine CCD line detectors mounted in parallel in the focal plane. Its unique feature is the ability to obtain near-simultaneous imaging data of a specific site at high resolution, with along-track triple stereo, four colours and five different phase angles, thus avoiding any time-dependent variations of the observational conditions. An additional Super-Resolution Channel (SRC) – a framing device – will yield nested images in the metre-resolution range for detailed photogeologic studies. The spatial resolution from the nominal periapsis altitude of 250 km will be 10 m px, with an image swath of 53 km, for the HRSC and 2.3 m px for the SRC. During the mission’s nominal operational lifetime of 1 martian year (2 Earth years) and assuming an average HRSC data transfer share of 40%, it will be possible to cover at least 50% of the martian surface at a spatial resolution of ≤ 15 m px. More than 70% of the surface can be observed at a spatial resolution of ≤ 30 m px, while more than 1% will be imaged at better than 2.5 m px. The HRSC will thus close the gap between the mediumto lowresolution coverage and the very high-resolution images of the Mars Observer Camera on the Mars Global Surveyor mission and the in situ observations and measurements by landers. The HRSC will make a major contribution to the study of martian geosciences, with special emphasis on the evolution of the surface in general, the evolution of volcanism, and the role of water throughout martian history. The instrument will obtain images containing morphologic and topographic information at high spatial and vertical resolution, allowing the improvement of the cartographic base down to scales of 1:50 000. The experiment will also address atmospheric phenomena and atmosphere-surface interactions, and will provide urgently needed support for current and future lander missions as well as for exobiological studies. The goals of HRSC on Mars Express will not be met by any other planned mission or instrument.
THE INFLUENCE OF WORK FROM HOME , INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY, AND INNOVATIVE BEHAVIOR ON EMPLOYEE PERFORMANCE THROUGH JOB SATISFACTION AS AN INTERVENING VARIABLE

This study aims to determine the effect of work from home , information technology, and innovative behavior on employee performance through job satisfaction as an intervening variable (study on BPJS Ketenagakerjaan membership personnel). The research method uses a quantitative approach. The sampling technique used is simple random sampling , with a total sample of 263 people. Research data were collected through the distribution of questionnaires. Based on the results of the analysis in this study, the results obtained that: 1) Work From Home has an effect on Employee Job Satisfaction, 2) Information Technology has an effect on Employee Job Satisfaction, 3) Innovative Behavior has an effect on Employee Job Satisfaction, 4) Work From Home has an effect on Performance Employees, 5) Information Technology affects Employee Performance, 6) Innovative Behavior affects Employee Performance, 7) Job Satisfaction affects Employee Performance, 8) Work From Home, Information Technology, and Innovative Behavior simultaneously affect Employee Performance, 9) Work From Home , Information Technology, Innovative Behavior, and Job Satisfaction simultaneously affect Employee Performance, 10) Job Satisfaction can mediate Work From Home on Employee Performance, 11) Job Satisfaction can mediate Information Technology on Employee Performance, 12) Job Satisfaction can mediate Innovative Behavior on Employee Performance.
WAVES GENERATED BY LANDSLIDES IN NORWEGIAN FJORDS AND LAKES

WAVES GENERATED BY CALVING OF GLACIERS, SNOW AVALANCHES, DIFFERENT TYPES OF SOIL SLIDES, ROCK FALLS AND ROCK SLIDES INTO FJORDS AND LAKES IN NORWAY ARE DESCRIBED. WAVES RESULTED FROM A SLIDE ENTERING A FJORD OR A LAKE ARE CALLED SLIDE WAVES OR SOMETIMES A FLOOD WAVE. THE SIZE OF THE WAVE AND THE MAGNITUDE OF THE DAMAGE DEPENDS ON THE VOLUME OF SLIDE DEBRIS, DISTANCE OF TRAVEL AND THE VELOCITY WITH THE MASS ENTERS THE WATER, AND THE VOLUME OF THE BODY OF WATER. IN THE CASE OF SNOW AVALANCHES, CLAY SLIDES, FLOW SLIDES AND OTHER TYPES OF SOIL SLIDES, THESE USUALLY CAUSE MODERATE WAVES AND DAMAGE IS RESTRICTED TO NEAR-SHORE STRUCTURES. IN THE CASE OF ROCK SLIDES, THE VOLUME OF MASSES RELEASED FROM THE MOUNTAINSIDE MAY BE OF THE ORDER OF MILLIONS OF CUBIC METERS. THESE WAVES MAY HAVE A CASTASTROPHIC EFFECT ON BUILT-UP AREAS ALONG LAKES OR FJORDS. IN CONSIDERING THE DAMAGE OF ROCK SLIDES AND WAVES POSSIBLY RESULTING, THE VOLUME OF ROCK MASSES RELEASED FROM THE MOUNTAINSIDE MUST BE CONSIDERED. BECAUSE THERE ARE MANY UNKNOWN FACTORS TO BE CONSIDERED IN CONNECTION WITH SLIDE WAVES, THE ONLY METHOD OF DETERMINING THESE IS BY MODEL STUDIES. EXPERIENCE SHOWS THAT SLIDE WAVES GENERALLY REACH THEIR LARGEST HEIGHT DIRECTLY ACROSS FROM THE SLIDE AREA AND THAT THE HEIGHTS DIMINISH RATHER QUICKLY TO THE SIDES.
The Distribution of Solar Global Radiation Over Romania

Abstract This article shows the monthly distributions of solar global radiation over Romania. The results have been obtained using the model proposed by Barbaro et al. (1979) and previously tested by the author under the climatic features of Romania. Meteorological data from 29 localities have been used in computations. The results show Romania has a solar potential higher than that of the world maps of solar radiation (see H.E. Landsberg et al. 1965): It was pointed out thai local radiation peculiarities, expressed as strong deviations from the law of latitudinal variation, are mainly determined by the atmospheric circulation features. Indirectly, these peculiarities are determined by the Carpathians and by the Black and Mediterranean Seas.
The Information Overload Paradox: A Structural Equation Modeling Analysis of Data from New Zealand, Spain, and the USA

The information overload phenomenon has been studied for many years, and has proven to be more complex than researchers believed it to be. The study presented here aims at shedding some light on the complexity of information overload, by examining the relationship between perceived information overload intensity and three traditional and one nontraditional information overload predictors. The nontraditional predictor was power distance, which was manipulated through the collection of data from 184 local managers and professionals in New Zealand, Spain and the USA. The data analyses employed partial least squares-based structural equation modeling, and led to one surprising conclusion: perceived information overload intensity seems to be more strongly related to power distance than to the volume of written information or number of information transactions processed by an individual. This conclusion is referred to here as the information overload paradox.
Immunonutrition: facilitating mucosal immune response in teleost intestine with amino acids through oxidant-antioxidant balance

Comparative animal models generate fundamental scientific knowledge of immune responses. However, these studies typically are conducted in mammals because of their biochemical and physiological similarity to humans. Presently, there has been an interest in using teleost fish models to study intestinal immunology, particularly intestinal mucosa immune response. Instead of targeting the pathogen itself, a preferred approach for managing fish health is through nutrient supplementation, as it is noninvasive and less labor intensive than vaccine administrations while still modulating immune properties. Amino acids (AAs) regulate metabolic processes, oxidant-antioxidant balance, and physiological requirements to improve immune response. Thus, nutritionists can develop sustainable aquafeeds through AA supplementation to promote specific immune responses, including the intestinal mucosa immune system. We propose the use of dietary supplementation with functional AAs to improve immune response by discussing teleost fish immunology within the intestine and explore how oxidative burst is used as an immune defense mechanism. We evaluate immune components and immune responses in the intestine that use oxidant-antioxidant balance through potential selection of AAs and their metabolites to improve mucosal immune capacity and gut integrity. AAs are effective modulators of teleost gut immunity through oxidant-antioxidant balance. To incorporate nutrition as an immunoregulatory means in teleost, we must obtain more tools including genomic, proteomic, nutrition, immunology, and macrobiotic and metabonomic analyses, so that future studies can provide a more holistic understanding of the mucosal immune system in fish.
Eating on the City: Diet Composition of Leptodactylus troglodytes Lutz, 1926 in Pedro II Municipality, Piauí, Brazil

Knowing the species' diet becomes essential to understand the dynamics of populations in the environment and their trophic relationships with other species. In general, amphibians tend to have a generalist diet, with a few exceptions such as ant-specialist frogs. Among leptodactylids, Leptodactylus troglodytes, is considered a common and abundant species in the places where it occurs, but little is known about its trophic ecology, mainly in urban zones. Therefore, the present study aimed to investigate and describe the diet composition of this species in the municipality of Pedro II, Piauí state, Northeastern Brazil, besides testing the relationship between the predator's body size and prey volume. Considering anurans are one the most threatened vertebrate group we used a non-lethal method (stomach-flushing) to collect the diet of each individual sampled during the rainy season in Pedro II municipality. Overall, we found 46 prey items labeled in 11 categories, being Araneae, Hymenoptera, and Scolopendrida the most important prey items for the diet of L. troglodytes. As observed in other leptodactylids, our results indicate this species presents a “sit-and-wait” foraging strategy and a generalist and opportunistic pattern that eat a great diversity of prey. The present study contributes information on the feeding habits of this species in urban and anthropized areas. Keywords: Feeding Habits. Flushing Method. Leptodactylid. Trophic Niche. Resumo Conhecer a dieta das espécies torna-se essencial para entender a dinâmica das populações no ambiente e suas relações tróficas com outras espécies. Em geral, os anfíbios tendem a ter uma dieta generalista, com algumas exceções, como sapos especialistas em formigas. Dentre os leptodactilídeos, Leptodactylus troglodytes, é considerada uma espécie comum e abundante nos locais onde ocorre, porém pouco se conhece sobre sua ecologia trófica, principalmente em zonas urbanas. Portanto, o presente estudo teve como objetivo investigar e descrever a composição da dieta desta espécie no município de Pedro II, estado do Piauí, Nordeste do Brasil, além de testar a relação entre o tamanho do corpo do predador e o volume da presa. Considerando que os anuros são um dos grupos de vertebrados mais ameaçados, utilizamos um método não letal (lavagem estomacal) para coletar a dieta de cada indivíduo amostrado durante a estação chuvosa no município de Pedro II. Ao todo, encontramos 46 presas incluidas em 11 categorias, sendo Araneae, Hymenoptera e Scolopendrida as presas mais importantes para a dieta de L. troglodytes. Assim como observado em outros leptodactilídeos, nossos resultados indicam que esta espécie apresenta uma estratégia de forrageamento “senta e espera” e um padrão generalista e oportunista que come uma grande diversidade de presas. O presente estudo contribui com informações sobre o hábito alimentar desta espécie em áreas urbanas e antropizadas. Palavras-chave: Hábitos Alimentares. Método de Lavagem. Leptodactilídeo. Nicho trófico.
Bioaccumulation and phyto-translocation of Nickel by Medicago sativa in a calcareous soil of Iran

Abstract Nickel is a heavy metal distributed ubiquitously in nature. It accumulates in soil as a result of human activities, including mining and industries development. It may be poisonous to plants, humans, animals and microorganisms. The present study was implemented as a factorial experiment with a Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD), of three replications in calcareous soils of Karaj and in greenhouse conditions for detection of the effect of nickel polluted soil, Ni125, Ni250, Ni500, Ni1000 (mgkg? 1) in comparison with control (Ni0). The inoculant of resistant native bacteria to nickel in three levels, of: control (B0), Bacillus mycoides M1(B1), Micrococcus roseus M2 (B2) were examine on nickel phytoremediation in alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.). Results demonstrated that by increasing the polluted nickel concentration in soil, its absorption by the alfalfa have increased significantly (P<0.05). The plant growth and biomass accumulation severely decreased by increasing nickel concentration in soil. Application of native inoculant (B1 and B2) resistant to nickel significant increased the nickel concentration in plant shoot compared to control, and also increased the concentration of iron, zinc, copper and manganese in plant shoots. The highest nickel uptake occurred with B2 inoculant and during the second cutting of the plant growth, which was 350 µgPot? 1
Investigating mutations in the genes GDF9 and BMP15 in Pelibuey sheep through the amplification-refractory mutation system with tetra-primers

Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms (SNP) or mutations are variations with a broad distribution in the genome and, as part of genetic studies, SNP allow the identification of allelic variants related to characteristics of economic importance in sheep production. However, the identification of SNP and their genotypes through sequencing is expensive, as it requires specialized materials and equipment. The objective of this study was to identify polymorphisms and their genotypes in the growth differentiation factor 9 (GDF9) and bone morphogenetic protein 15 (BMP15) genes in Pelibuey sheep using the tetra-primer amplification-refractory mutation system through polymerase chain reaction (T-ARMS-PCR). DNA extraction and amplification of BMP15 and GDF9 were conducted from blood samples contained in WhatmanTM FTATM cards from 60 multiparous Pelibuey ewes with reproductive records. The T-ARMS-PCR methodology allowed the identification of wild-type genotypes and mutated homozygous genotypes in polymorphisms G4 and G6 of GDF9, whereas mutations in the BMP15 gene were not found. These results were confirmed by sequencing. In conclusion, the T-ARMS-PCR methodology allowed the identification of mutated and wild-type genotypes in SNP G4 and G6 of GDF9, although no mutations were found in BMP15 in Pelibuey sheep. This technique was found to be reliable, rapid, and easily applied to identify polymorphic genotypes.