Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Over Expression of Apoptotic p 53 and Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor in Endometrial Cancer and Benign

Endometrial carcinoma (EC) is one of commonest ten cancers, and represents fourth most widespread malignancy in females. The study included thirty samples of endometrial cancer's patients and twenty four patient's samples of benign were taken randomly as well as, twenty normal endometrial tissues as control group for comparison. This study was carried out in Laboratories of the College of Science/ Department of Biology, Wasit University, during period between October 2015 and April 2016.The study of p53 and EGFR expression was done by immunohistochemistry technique. The results showed significant increasing in expression and intensity of p53 in endometrial cancer patients when compared with control group (p<0.05). Furthermore, the results also, showed significant increasing in expression and intensity of p53 in endometrial cancer patients comparing with benign patients (p<0.05). Moreover, the results showed no significant between benign patients and control group in the expression and intensity of p53 (p>0.05). On the other hand, the results showed that the EGFR is highly significant increasing in cancer patients comparing with control group and benign (p<0.05). While, no significant different between benign patients and control in the expression and intensity of EGFR (p>0.05). In conclusion, the present study confirms that p53 and EGFR play necessary roles carcinogenesis and develop of endometrial cancer because its impact on the apoptosis of tumor cells.
Porcine leptin inhibits lipogenesis in porcine adipocytes.

The present study examined whether recombinant porcine leptin alters lipid synthesis in porcine adipocytes. The stromal-vascular cell fraction of neonatal pig subcutaneous adipose tissue was isolated by collagenase digestion, filtration, and subsequent centrifugation. These cells were seeded on 25-cm2 tissue culture flasks and proliferated to confluency in 10% (vol/vol) fetal bovine serum in Dulbecco's modified Eagle medium/F12 (DMEM/F12, 50:50). Cultures were differentiated using 2.5% pig serum (vol/vol), 10 nM insulin, 100 nM hydrocortisone. After 7 d of lipid filling, cultures were washed free of this medium, incubated overnight in DMEM/F12 containing 2% pig serum (vol/vol), and then used for experiments. Acute experiments assessed U-(14)C-glucose or 1-(14)C-palmitate metabolism in cultures exposed to porcine leptin (0 to 1,000 ng/mL medium) for 4 h. Chronic experiments used cultures incubated with 0 to 1,000 ng porcine leptin/mL medium for 44 h before measurements of U-(14)C-glucose and 1-(14)C-palmitate oxidation and incorporation into lipid. Another experiment examined whether chronic leptin treatment alters insulin responsiveness by including insulin (10 nM) with incubations containing leptin. Leptin had no acute effects on glucose oxidation or conversion to lipid (P > 0.05). Acute leptin treatment decreased palmitate incorporation into lipids up to 45% (P < 0.05). Chronic leptin exposure decreased glucose oxidation (21%), total lipid synthesis (18%), and fatty acid synthesis (23%) at 100 ng/mL medium (P < 0.05). Insulin increased rates of glucose oxidation, total lipid, and fatty acid synthesis (P < 0.05); however, chronic exposure to 10 ng leptin/mL medium decreased the effectiveness of 10 nM insulin to affect these measures of glucose metabolism by approximately 18 to 46% (P < 0.05). Higher concentrations of leptin inhibited all effects of insulin on glucose metabolism (P < 0.05). Chronic exposure to leptin increased palmitate oxidation by 36% (P < 0.05). Chronic leptin exposure decreased palmitate incorporation into total lipids by 40% at 100 ng/mL medium (P < 0.05). Lipoprotein lipase activity was not affected (P > 0.05) by leptin. These data indicate that leptin functions to promote partitioning of energy away from lipid accretion within porcine adipose tissue by inhibiting glucose oxidation and lipogenesis indirectly, by decreasing insulin-mediated stimulation of lipogenesis, and by stimulating fatty acid oxidation while inhibiting fatty acid esterification.
Correction: Quantitative Localization Microscopy: Effects of Photophysics and Labeling Stoichiometry

Quantification in localization microscopy with reversibly switchable fluorophores is severely hampered by the unknown number of switching cycles a fluorophore undergoes and the unknown stoichiometry of fluorophores on a marker such as an antibody. We overcome this problem by measuring the average number of localizations per fluorophore, or generally per fluorescently labeled site from the build-up of spatial image correlation during acquisition. To this end we employ a model for the interplay between the statistics of activation, bleaching, and labeling stoichiometry. We validated our method using single fluorophore labeled DNA oligomers and multiple-labeled neutravidin tetramers where we find a counting error of less than 17% without any calibration of transition rates. Furthermore, we demonstrated our quantification method on nanobodyand antibody-labeled biological specimens.
Metabolic Signatures of Triatomine Vectors of Trypanosoma cruzi Unveiled by Metabolomics

Chagas disease is a trypanosomiasis whose causative agent is the protozoan parasite Trypanosoma cruzi, which is transmitted to humans by hematophagous insects known as triatomines and affects a large proportion of South America. The digestive tract of the insect vectors in which T. cruzi develops constitutes a dynamic environment that affects the development of the parasite. Thus, we set out to investigate the chemical composition of the triatomine intestinal tract through a metabolomics approach. We performed Direct Infusion Fourier Transform Ion Cyclotron Resonance Mass Spectrometry on fecal samples of three triatomine species (Rhodnius prolixus, Triatoma infestans, Panstrongylus megistus) fed with rabbit blood. We then identified groups of metabolites whose frequencies were either uniform in all species or enriched in each of them. By querying the Human Metabolome Database, we obtained putative identities of the metabolites of interest. We found that a core group of metabolites with uniform frequencies in all species represented approximately 80% of the molecules detected, whereas the other 20% varied among triatomine species. The uniform core was composed of metabolites of various categories, including fatty acids, steroids, glycerolipids, nucleotides, sugars, and others. Nevertheless, the metabolic fingerprint of triatomine feces differs depending on the species considered. The variable core was mainly composed of prenol lipids, amino acids, glycerolipids, steroids, phenols, fatty acids and derivatives, benzoic acid and derivatives, flavonoids, glycerophospholipids, benzopyrans, and quinolines. Triatomine feces constitute a rich and varied chemical medium whose constituents are likely to affect T. cruzi development and infectivity. The complexity of the fecal metabolome of triatomines suggests that it may affect triatomine vector competence for specific T. cruzi strains. Knowledge of the chemical environment of T. cruzi in its invertebrate host is likely to generate new ways to understand the factors influencing parasite proliferation as well as methods to control Chagas disease.
The impact of multi-homing on network reliability and stability: a case study

The number of multi-homed user sites has been rapidly increasing in recent years, where a campus or company network is connected to multiple Internet service providers' networks to improve Internet service reliability. In this paper, we examine the impact of multi-homing via BGP on routing stability and network reliability. More specifically, we compare single-homed prefixes with multi-homed prefixes in terms of the number of routing update messages and the duration of unreachability. Our results show that, on average, single-homed prefixes both generates fewer routing updates than multi-homed prefixes, and provide higher reliability than 97% of multi-homed prefixes (which have a low degree of multi-homing). These results suggest the need to further improve BGP's stability to enable Internet users to gain the expected reliability benefit from multi-homing.
Combined Blockade of the Renin-Angiotensin System With Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibitors and Angiotensin II Type 1 Receptor Antagonists

Blockade of the renin-angiotensin system* (RAS) with ACE inhibitors or angiotensin II type 1 receptor (AT1R) antagonists has become one of the most successful therapeutic approaches in medicine. Within 25 years, substantial evidence has accumulated to indicate that this therapy reduces blood pressure (BP),1 left ventricular (LV) mass,2 and proteinuria.3 RAS blockade results in a decrease in cardiovascular morbidity and mortality in patients with chronic heart failure (CHF)4–6 or LV systolic dysfunction7 and after myocardial infarction (MI). 8,9 RAS blockers retard the progression of renal insufficiency in type 1 (ACE inhibitors10) and type 2 (AT1R antagonists11,12) diabetes mellitus and nondiabetic chronic renal disease.13–15 Finally, a high dose of an ACE inhibitor administered in the evening reduces the rate of death, cardiac events, and stroke in patients with a high cardiovascular risk at baseline.16 Several mechanisms contribute to the beneficial effects of RAS blockers in cardiovascular and renal therapy, schematically the hemodynamic consequences of angiotensin II (Ang II) neutralization and the suppression of the Ang II–dependent generation of growth-promoting cytokines, free oxygen radicals, and fibrosis mediators in tissues.17 An ACE inhibitor administered at usual daily doses only suppresses plasma Ang II levels within a few hours after dose intake, and similarly, usual daily doses of an AT1R antagonist do not block AT1Rs over 24-hour periods.18,19 This has led to the concept of combined RAS blockade. The “escape” observed with single-site RAS blockers is due to the conjunction of the progressive clearance from the body of the drug at the end of the dosing interval and the counterregulatory reactive rise in plasma active renin that increases Ang I, the ACE substrate, or Ang II, the AT1R agonist, proportionally to the suppression of the Ang II negative feedback on renin release. …
Simplification of small target tracking by using motion properties to reduce false alarms in clutter

Multi-target tracking is a crucial but complex problem in small target tracking applications, especially when large number of false alarms existed. In order to simplify the multi-target tracking, a novel simple algorithm is presented by using motion properties to reduce false alarms, which is implemented through mathematical morphology and multi-frame cumulation. Firstly, the consecutive images are dilated and cumulated according to the motion properties of the small targets, thus generate the cumulating image. Secondly, most of the false alarms are reduced from the cumulating image through mathematical morphological operation. Finally, the resulting consecutive images including targets and very few false alarms are restored from the processed cumulating image and the original consecutive binary images. Experiment results illustrated that most of the false alarms were excluded and the small targets were easier to be identified, which largely decreased the computational time of target tracking algorithm, and thereby decreasing the complexity of the small targets tracking.
Integrating Models of Discrimination and Characterization for Learning from Examples in Open Domains

It is argued that in applications of concept learning from examples where not every possible category of the domain is present in the training set (i.e., most real world applications), classification performance can be improved by integrating suitable discriminative and characteristic classification schemes. The suggested approach is to first discriminate between the categories present in the training set and then characterize each of these categories against all possible categories. To show the viability of this approach, a number of different discriminators and characterizers are integrated and tested. In particular, a novel characterization method that makes use of the information about the statistical distribution of feature values that can be extracted from the training examples is used. The experimental results strongly supports the thesis of the paper.
Genetics of reproductive performance in seasonal calving dairy cattle production systems

Profitable seasonal calving dairy production systems require a cow that will establish pregnancy early in the breeding season implying a quick return to service post-calving and good pregnancy rates. Genetic selection provides an opportunity to achieve this goal so therefore the objective of this study was to estimate the necessary genetic parameters for fertility traits, pertinent to seasonal calving herds, in order to facilitate genetic selection for fertility. The data, following editing, consisted of parity 1 to 3 records on up to 397,373 Holstein-Friesian dairy cows in Ireland. Variance components for the defined interval fertility traits (age at first calving, calving to first service interval, calving interval), binary fertility traits (submission rate in the first 21 days of the breeding season, pregnant to first service, pregnant in the first 42 days of the breeding season, calved in the first 42 days of the calving season) and the count fertility trait (number of services) were estimated using univariate animal models and covariances among traits were estimated using bivariate sire models. Heritability estimates of the nine fertility traits (including age at first calving and survival) varied from 0.01 to 0.07 within parity one to three. The coefficient of genetic variation for the fertility traits varied from 3.3% to 15.3%. Calving to first service interval, within parity, was moderately positively genetically correlated (0.54 to 0.75) with calving interval and was, in general, moderately negatively correlated with both submission rate (-0.68 to -0.29) and pregnant in the first 42 days of the breeding season (-0.36 to -0.14). Calving interval was moderately positively correlated (0.24 to 0.68) with number of services. Irrespective
Demographics and Injuries Associated With Knee Dislocation: A Prospective Review of 303 Patients

Background: Information on the incidence, injury mechanisms, ligament injury patterns, and associated injuries of knee dislocations is lacking in the literature. There is a need to characterize ligament injury patterns and associated injuries in knee dislocations to avoid missing common associated diagnoses and to plan surgical treatment. Purpose: To evaluate patient demographics, ligament injury patterns and associated injury patterns, and associated injuries in patients with knee dislocation. Study Design: Cross-sectional study; Level of evidence, 3. Methods: A total of 303 patients with knee dislocations treated at a single level 1 trauma center were followed prospectively. Injury mechanism; ligament injury patterns; associated neurovascular, meniscal, and cartilage injuries; and surgical complications were recorded. The Schenck knee dislocation classification was used to classify the ligament injury patterns. Results: The mean age at injury was 37.8 ± 15.3 years. Of the 303 patients included, 65% were male and 35% were female. There was an equal distribution of high-energy and low-energy injuries. Injury to 3 major ligaments was the most common, with Schenck classification type KD III-M constituting 52.4% of the injuries and KD III-L comprising 28.1%. Meniscal injuries and cartilage injuries occurred in 37.3% and 28.3% of patients, respectively. Patients with acute injuries had significantly lower odds of a cartilage injury than those with chronic injuries (odds ratio [OR], 0.28; 95% CI, 0.15-0.50; P < .001). Peroneal nerve injuries were recorded in 19.2% of patients (10.9% partial and 8.3% complete deficit), while vascular injuries were recorded in 5%. The odds of having a common peroneal nerve injury were 42 times greater (P < .001) among those with posterolateral corner injury (KD III-L) than those without. The odds for popliteal artery injury were 9 times greater (P = .001) among those with KD III-L injuries than other ligament injury types. Conclusion: Medial-sided bicruciate injuries were the most common injury pattern in knee dislocations. Cartilage injuries were common in chronically treated patients. There was a significant risk of peroneal nerve injury with lateral-sided injuries.
Meta-analysis of increased dose of inhaled steroid or addition of salmeterol in symptomatic asthma (MIASMA)

Abstract Objective: To examine the benefits of adding salmeterol compared with increasing dose of inhaled corticosteroids. Design: Systematic review of randomised, double blind clinical trials. Independent data extraction and validation with summary data from study reports and manuscripts. Fixed and random effects analyses. Setting: EMBASE, Medline, and GlaxoWellcome internal clinical study registers. Main outcome measures: Efficacy and exacerbations. Results: Among 2055 trials of treatment with salmeterol, there were nine parallel group trials of ≥12 weeks with 3685 symptomatic patients aged ≥12 years taking inhaled steroid in primary or secondary care. Compared with response to increased steroids, in patients receiving salmeterol morning peak expiratory flow was greater at three months (difference 22.4 (95% confidence interval 15.0 to 30.0) litre/min, P<0.001) and six months (27.7 (19.0 to 36.4) litre/min, P<0.001). Forced expiratory volume in one second (FEV1) was also increased at three months (0.10 (0.04 to 0.16) litres, P<0.001) and six months (0.08 (0.02 to 0.14) litres, P<0.01), as were mean percentage of days and nights without symptoms (three months: days—12% (9% to 15%), nights—5% (3% to 7%); six months: days—15% (12% to 18%), nights—5% (3% to 7%); all P<0.001) and mean percentage of days and nights without need for rescue treatment (three months: days—17% (14% to 20%), nights—9% (7% to 11%); six months: days—20% (17 to 23%), nights—8% (6% to 11%); all P<0.001). Fewer patients experienced any exacerbation with salmeterol (difference 2.73% (0.43% to 5.04%), P=0.02), and the proportion of patients with moderate or severe exacerbations was also lower (2.42% (0.24% to 4.60%), P=0.03). Conclusions: Addition of salmeterol in symptomatic patients aged 12 and over on low to moderate doses of inhaled steroid gives improved lung function and increased number of days and nights without symptoms or need for rescue treatment with no increase in exacerbations of any severity.
Cluster adaptive training for speech recognition

When performing speaker adaptation there are two con-(cid:13)icting requirements. First the transform must be powerful enough to represent the speaker. Second the transform must be quickly and easily estimated for any particular speaker. Recently the most popular adaptation schemes have used many parameters to adapt the models. This limits how rapidly the models may be adapted. This paper examines an adaptation scheme requiring very few parameters to adapt the models, cluster adaptive training (CAT). CAT may be viewed as a simple extension to speaker clustering. Rather than selecting one cluster, a linear interpolation of all the cluster means is used as the mean of the particular speaker. This scheme naturally falls into an adaptive training framework. Maximum likelihood estimates of the interpolation weights are given. Furthermore, simple re-estimation formulae forcluster means, represented both explicitly and by sets of transforms of some canonical mean, are given. On a speaker-independent task CAT reduced the word error rate using very little adaptation data. In addition when combined with other adaptation schemes it gave a 5% reduction in word error rate over adapting a speaker-independent model set.
Comparison Analysis of Link Prediction Algorithms in Social Network

Network depicts the relationship like friendship, common interests etc. among various individuals. Social Network Analysis deals with analysis of these social relationships. Link prediction algorithms are used to predict these social relationships. Given a social network graph in which a node represents a user and an edge represents the relationship between the users, link prediction algorithm predicts the possible new relationships that can be created in the future. This paper compares these link prediction algorithms on the basis of performance metrics like accuracy, precision, specificity and sensitivity.
Non‐NMDA and NMDA receptor‐mediated excitotoxic neuronal deaths in adult brain are morphologically distinct: Further evidence for an apoptosis‐necrosis continuum

Apoptosis and necrosis are generally recognized as two distinct pathways of cell death, based on biochemical and morphological characteristics. Despite rapid advances in elucidating molecular mechanisms of cell death, little is known about the morphological progression of death in neurons and the relationship between different mechanisms of neuronal death and the resulting subcellular alterations. With excitotoxicity, a clinically relevant model of neuronal death, apoptotic DNA laddering and morphologic evidence of necrosis can occur simultaneously in the same region of adult brain. Here, we tested the hypothesis that activation of N‐methyl‐D‐aspartic acid (NMDA) and non‐NMDA glutamate receptors (GluR) results in a spectrum of morphologically distinct phenotypes of neuronal death, with apoptosis and necrosis as its endpoints. The ultrastructural morphologies of newborn and adult neurons at different times following intrastriatal injections of non‐NMDA and NMDA GluR agonists were compared to apoptosis, as established during naturally occurring neuronal death in the developing rat brain. Excitotoxic neuronal death in newborn striatum was morphologically indistinguishable from developmental apoptosis. In the adult, non‐NMDA receptor agonist‐induced neuronal death was characterized by extensive chromatin condensation that was reminiscent of, but not identical to, apoptosis during normal development. In contrast, quinolinate, an NMDA receptor agonist, produced only minor chromatin clumping and rapid cytoplasmic disintegration, which is suggestive of necrosis. These findings support the concept that degenerative phenotypes of excitotoxically injured neurons are influenced by the degree of brain maturity and GluR subtype stimulation, independent of the severity of excitotoxic insult, along a morphological continuum or gradient ranging from apoptosis to necrosis. J. Comp. Neurol. 378:88–104, 1997. 1997 © Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Ac electrokinetics: a review of forces in microelectrode structures

Ac electrokinetics is concerned with the study of the movement and behaviour of particles in suspension when they are subjected to ac electrical fields. The development of new microfabricated electrode structures has meant that particles down to the size of macromolecules have been manipulated, but on this scale forces other than electrokinetic affect particles behaviour. The high electrical fields, which are required to produce sufficient force to move a particle, result in heat dissipation in the medium. This in turn produces thermal gradients, which may give rise to fluid motion through buoyancy, and electrothermal forces. In this paper, the frequency dependency and magnitude of electrothermally induced fluid flow are discussed. A new type of fluid flow is identified for low frequencies (up to 500 kHz). Our preliminary observations indicate that it has its origin in the action of a tangential electrical field on the diffuse double layer of the microfabricated electrodes. The effects of Brownian motion, diffusion and the buoyancy force are discussed in the context of the controlled manipulation of sub-micrometre particles. The orders of magnitude of the various forces experienced by a sub-micrometre latex particle in a model electrode structure are calculated. The results are compared with experiment and the relative influence of each type of force on the overall behaviour of particles is described.