Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Analyse dynamischer Abhängigkeitsgraphen zum Debuggingvon Hardwaredesigns

Debugging is a time consuming task in hardware design. Thus effective debugging techniques are required when developing complex reliable systems. In this paper a new debugging approach based on the analysis of dynamic dependency graphs is presented. Our approach combines reverse debugging, dynamic forward/backward slicing, as well as spectrum-based fault localization and adapts them for the use on hardware designs. In a case study on two different designs with multiple faults the proposed debugging methodology reduced the debugging time to 50% in comparison to conventional techniques.
Changing Paradigms in Cranio-Facial Regeneration: Current and New Strategies for the Activation of Endogenous Stem Cells

Craniofacial area represent a unique district of human body characterized by a very high complexity of tissues, innervation and vascularization, and being deputed to many fundamental function such as eating, speech, expression of emotions, delivery of sensations such as taste, sight, and earing. For this reasons, tissue loss in this area following trauma or for example oncologic resection, have a tremendous impact on patients' quality of life. In the last 20 years regenerative medicine has emerged as one of the most promising approach to solve problem related to trauma, tissue loss, organ failure etc. One of the most powerful tools to be used for tissue regeneration is represented by stem cells, which have been successfully implanted in different tissue/organs with exciting results. Nevertheless, both autologous and allogeneic stem cell transplantation raise many practical and ethical concerns that make this approach very difficult to apply in clinical practice. For this reason different cell free approaches have been developed aiming to the mobilization, recruitment, and activation of endogenous stem cells into the injury site avoiding exogenous cells implant but instead stimulating patients' own stem cells to repair the lesion. To this aim many strategies have been used including functionalized bioscaffold, controlled release of stem cell chemoattractants, growth factors, BMPs, Platelet–Rich-Plasma, and other new strategies such as ultrasound wave and laser are just being proposed. Here we review all the current and new strategies used for activation and mobilization of endogenous stem cells in the regeneration of craniofacial tissue.
A Proposal and Trial on a Model of a Motion Monitor System for a Ski Jumper Using Terrestrial Magnetism and Acceleration Sensors

We have been developing a monitor system of workers in a factory using terrestrial magnetism sensors and acceleration sensors. Terrestrial magnetism sensor is not suitable to monitor linear movement, however, we confirmed it can monitor rotation movement in very high accuracy. Sport is a new possible application area for this system. Terrestrial magnetism sensor is not suitable for sports that player moves about such as soccer, however, it is suitable for sports that require stable forms such as pitching form of baseball, swinging on golf, it is thought. In this paper, we discussed a possibility to apply terrestrial magnetism sensor based monitoring system into ski jumping which seem to be one of sports which require stable forms to athlete. As a result of preliminary evaluation to measure descending speed, and position of taking off, we confirmed high possibility to apply terrestrial magnetism sensor based monitoring system into ski jumping.
Temporal binding of multimodal controls for dynamic map displays: a systems approach

Dynamic map displays are visual interfaces that show the spatial positions of objects of interest (e.g., people, robots, vehicles), and can be updated with user commands as well as world changes, often in real time. Multimodal (speech and touch) controls were designed for a U.S. Army Research Laboratory dynamic map display to allow users to provide supervisory control of a simulated robotic swarm. This study characterized the effects of user performance (input difficulty, modality preference, and response to different levels of workload) on multimodal intercommand time (i.e., temporal binding), and explored how this might relate to the system's ability to bind or fuse user multimodal inputs into a unitary response. User performance was tested in a laboratory study using 6 male and 6 female volunteers with a mean age of 26 years. Results showed that 64% of all participants used speech commands first 100% of the time, while the remaining used touch commands first 100% of the time. Temporal binding between touch and voice commands was significantly shorter for touch-first than for speech-first commands, no matter what the level of workload. For both speech and touch commands, temporal binding was significantly shorter for both roads and swarm edges than for intersections. Results indicated that all of these factors can be significant in relating to a system's ability to bind multimodal inputs into a unitary response. Suggestions for future research are described.
Cohesion and Adaptability in Families of Adolescent Drug Abusers in the United States and Indonesia

The family environment of substance abusing adolescents has been a fertile area of research. Several comprehensive reviews (e.g., Glynn, 1984; Harbin & Mazair, 1975; Stanton, 1979 a & b) and reviews of reviews (Stanton, 1978, Glynn, 1981) have chronicled the massive research and theory related to the part played by families in teenage substance abuse in Western countries. However, we know very little about families of drug abusers in Indonesia, or how Indonesian families of drug abusers may differ from those in the United States.
Global On-line Optimization for Charging Station Allocation

The goal of the Mobility2.0 project was to provide full electric vehicles users with a set of tools that reduce range anxiety and favor a partial modal shift towards public transportation. As part of this work, we have designed a so-called global criterion for selecting charging stations where change of mode can occur. The idea is to minimize the mean quadratic travel time of all users, in a way that can be used for on-line allocation with good performance. We show through simulation that this leads to a sizable improvement with respect to a ""greedy"" station selection.
The complexity of the commons: Environmental resource demands in rural Zimbabwe

The literature on the relationship between households and environmental change - commonly termed the poverty-environment relationship - is characterised by theoretical inadequacies and a lack of empirical verification. In this paper, we start by presenting a model which integrates a multiple-use environmental resource system within the standard agricultural household model. We demonstrate the theoretical importance of examining the way in which multifarious environmental goods interact with the household’s other production and consumption decisions. Environmental goods are significantly differentiated in economic terms, so that environmental resources can be affected very differently by changes in an exogenous parameter such as income, prices, household structure, resource availability, technology and so on. It is this that endows the commons with its complexity: the range of environmental resources is wide and the set of possible responses by each resource to perturbations is large, so that characterising the poverty-environment relationship in terms of a single function, as is so often done, is wholly inadequate. We then turn to empirical analysis using an analysis of cross-sectional demand functions for environmental goods, using a purpose-collected data set from 29 villages in Shindi Ward, Chivi District, south-eastern Zimbabwe. We find that the econometric results from these environmental demand regressions support the theoretical conclusions. Estimated income elasticities differ across goods and species, and there is clear evidence that other demand determinants such as species substitute and backstops, scarcity and household structure also affect different goods in different ways. We also examine the case study literature on rural households’ resource use in Zimbabwe: this demonstrates that both environmental demands and environmental supplies are affected by a number of different factors. So we suggest that the commons is a complex place: environmental resource use and hence also environmental change will be driven by a multiplicity of factors, and these factors can differ quite considerably across different species and resources. Simplistic conceptions of the link between rural households and the environment will be quite wrong.
Market Demand Functions in the CAPM

In this book we study the CAPM as a general equilibrium model in which the natural questions of existence and uniqueness of an equilibrium play an important role. Similar to Nielsen [1990b] and Allingham [1991] in the previous chapter we have given general proofs of existence within this framework where consumption sets are not bounded below and satiation is possible. As shown by an example with two equilibria constructed by Nielsen [1988], there is, however, no reason to expect uniqueness in general. We will continue along this line of research and will analyze the structure of market demand in the CAPM. We will show that given any choice of a finite number of normalized price systems and the respective demands satisfying Walras’ Law and the Tobin Separation Property, there exist two variance-averse agents whose market demand coincides with the preassigned values. This result parallels the result proved in Chapter 3 which itself was a generalization of results known in the general equilibrium literature as the Sonnenschein-Mantel-Debreu result on the structure of market excess demand functions. The result proved in this chapter for the CAPM considers the market excess demand function on a finite set of prices which is then similar to the result of Andreu [1982].
Quantum Background Independence In String Theory

Not only in physical string theories, but also in some highly simplified situations, background independence has been difficult to understand. It is argued that the ``holomorphic anomaly'' of Bershadsky, Cecotti, Ooguri, and Vafa gives a fundamental explanation of some of the problems. Moreover, their anomaly equation can be interpreted in terms of a rather peculiar quantum version of background independence: in systems afflicted by the anomaly, background independence does not hold order by order in perturbation theory, but the exact partition function as a function of the coupling constants has a background independent interpretation as a state in an auxiliary quantum Hilbert space. The significance of this auxiliary space is otherwise unknown.
Deadly competition between sibling bacterial colonies

Bacteria can secrete a wide array of antibacterial compounds when competing with other bacteria for the same resources. Some of these compounds, such as bacteriocins, can affect bacteria of similar or closely related strains. In some cases, these secretions have been found to kill sibling cells that belong to the same colony. Here, we present experimental observations of competition between 2 sibling colonies of Paenibacillus dendritiformis grown on a low-nutrient agar gel. We find that neighboring colonies (growing from droplet inoculation) mutually inhibit growth through secretions that become lethal if the level exceeds a well-defined threshold. In contrast, within a single colony developing from a droplet inoculation, no growth inhibition is observed. However, growth inhibition and cell death are observed if material extracted from the agar between 2 growing colonies is introduced outside a growing single colony. To interpret the observations, we devised a simple mathematical model for the secretion of an antibacterial compound. Simulations of this model illustrate how secretions from neighboring colonies can be deadly, whereas secretions from a single colony growing from a droplet are not.
Effect of Metformin on Viability, Morphology, and Ultrastructure of Mouse Bone Marrow-Derived Multipotent Mesenchymal Stromal Cells and Balb/3T3 Embryonic Fibroblast Cell Line

Metformin, a popular drug used to treat diabetes, has recently gained attention as a potentially useful therapeutic agent for treating cancer. In our research metformin was added to in vitro cultures of bone marrow-derived multipotent mesenchymal stromal cells (BMSCs) and Balb/3T3 fibroblast at concentration of 1 mM, 5 mM, and 10 mM. Obtained results indicated that metformin negatively affected proliferation activity of investigated cells. The drug triggered the formation of autophagosomes and apoptotic bodies in all tested cultures. Additionally, we focused on determination of expression of genes involved in insulin-like growth factor 2 (IGF2) signaling pathway. The most striking finding was that the mRNA level of IGF2 was constant in both BMSCs and Balb/3T3. Further, the analysis of IGF2 concentration in cell supernatants showed that it decreased in BMSC cultures after 5 and 10 mM metformin treatments. In case of Balb/3T3 the concentration of IGF2 in culture supernatants decreased after 1 and 5 mM and increased after 10 mM of metformin. Our results suggest that metformin influences the cytophysiology of somatic cells in a dose- and time-dependent manner causing inhibition of proliferation and abnormalities of their morphology and ultrastructure.
Energy Efficiency of Hierarchical Server Load Distribution Strategies

Energy efficiency of servers has become a significant issue over the last years. Load distribution plays a crucial role in the improvement of energy efficiency as (un-)balancing strategies can be leveraged to distribute load over one or multiple systems in a way in which resources are utilized at high performance, yet low overall power consumption. This can be achieved on multiple levels, from load distribution on single CPU cores to machine level load balancing on distributed systems. With modern day server architectures providing load balancing opportunities at several layers, answering the question of optimal load distribution has become non-trivial. Work has to be distributed hierarchically in a fashion that enables maximum energy efficiency at each level. Current approaches balance load based on generalized assumptions about the energy efficiency of servers. These assumptions are based either on very machine-specific or highly generalized observations that may or may not hold true over a variety of systems and configurations. In this paper, we use a modified version of the SPEC SERT suite to measure the energy efficiency of a variety of hierarchical load distribution strategies on single and multi-node systems. We introduce a new strategy and evaluate energy efficiency for homogeneous and heterogeneous workloads over different hardware configurations. Our results show that the selection of a load distribution strategy depends heavily on workload, system utilization, as well as hardware. Used in conjunction with existing strategies, our new load distribution strategy can reduce a single system's power consumption by up to 10.7%.
Selective Exposure, Extended Exposure, and Sidetracked Exposure: A Model of Media Exposure on the Internet and Consequential Effects

This chapter analyzes the process of information access and media exposure on the Internet and the context in which selective exposure occurs. It also discusses how the need for cognitive closure and Internet search self-efficacy affect selective exposure and how extended and sidetracked exposures interact with selective exposure to produce potential persuasion effects. A theoretical model of media exposure on the Internet is proposed with theoretical propositions. The chapter concludes that people may access information beyond their initial intent. The reinforcement effect of selective exposure in online settings will be modified or significantly weakened if multiple media exposures occur.
A cyber infrastructure for evaluating the performance of human centered fusion

Humans are becoming an increasing important component of information fusion systems including; (1) acting as observers or “soft sensors” to augment traditional sensor systems, (2) participating in data analysis by using semantic reasoning and pattern recognition to augment computer processing, and (3) collaborating in ad hoc teams for situational analyses. These roles are supported by emerging information technologies such as social networking tools, advanced visual displays and cognitive aids. This paper describes a cyber-infrastructure and associated research strategy developed at Penn State University to support human in the loop experiments to quantitatively evaluate concepts and tools for human centered information fusion. Examples of on-going experiments are also presented.
An Image Hiding Scheme Based on 3D Skew Tent Map and Discrete Wavelet Transform

In this paper, an image hiding scheme based on 3D skew tent map and wavelet transform is proposed. One 3D skew tent map with three control parameters and one coupled map lattice are utilized to encrypt the secret image which will be imbedded in one host image. The encryption scheme consists of generating a chaotic orbit by the skew tent map to scramble the pixel positions and yielding a random gray value sequence by the coupled map lattice to change the gray values. The encrypted secret image and the host image are transformed by the wavelet transform and then are merged in the frequency domain. Experimental results show that the proposed hiding scheme is robust against malicious attacks like cropping, noising, etc.
A simple platform of brain-controlled mobile robot and its implementation by SSVEP

Brain-computer interfacing (BCI) is an emerging technology to translate non-invasively measured brain signals into commands, providing an additional communication channel. This paper develops a BCI platform to remotely control a mobile robot through the Internet. The platform consists of a server computer for EEG signal acquisition and signal processing/classification and a bluetooth controlled robot carrying an Android smartphone. The smartphone can give a visual feedback via the Internet to the user with its phone camera. The Android smartphone transfers the command from the server to the robot and transmits video stream to the server for the feedback to the user. It is also shown to employ the steady state visual evoked potentials (SSVEP) to classify commands. We propose a method for detecting the idle state when a user does not gaze any visual stimuli.
Applying Robust Semantics

Semantic representations provide an abstraction which allows generalisations to be made across very different surface forms and different syntactic formalisms. But deriving conventional semantic representations requires more information than can be extracted from morphology and syntax, even by deep grammars. The standard way of dealing with this is to use underspecified semantic representations, which can, in principle, be monotonically enriched to provide deeper semantics with which inference engines can work. However, an alternative is to operate directly on the underspecified representations. In this paper, I will discuss ‘matching’, ‘merging’ and ‘munging’ operations in the context of the (Robust) Minimal Recursion Semantics approach and give an overview of some of the uses to which they have been put.
Impact of Scheduling Flexibility on Demand Profile Flatness and User Inconvenience in Residential Smart Grid System

The objective of this paper is to study the impact of scheduling flexibility on both demand profile flatness and user inconvenience in residential smart grid systems. Temporal variations in energy consumption by end users result in peaks and troughs in the aggregated demand profile. In a residential smart grid, some of these peaks and troughs can be eliminated through appropriate load balancing algorithms. However, load balancing requires user participation by allowing the grid to re-schedule some of their loads. In general, more scheduling flexibility can result in more demand profile flatness, however the resulting inconvenience to users would also increase. In this paper, our objective is to help the grid determine an appropriate amount of scheduling flexibility that it should demand from users, based on which, proper incentives can be designed. We consider three different types of scheduling flexibility (delay, advance scheduling and flexible re-scheduling) in flexible loads and develop both optimal and sub-optimal scheduling algorithms. We discuss their implementation in centralized and distributed manners. We also identify the existence of a saturation point. Beyond this saturation point, any increase in scheduling flexibility does not significantly affect the flatness of the demand profile while user inconvenience continues to increase. Moreover, full participation of all the households is not required since increasing user participation only marginally increases demand profile flatness.
Future Generation Computer Systems Optimis: a Holistic Approach to Cloud Service Provisioning

We present fundamental challenges for scalable and dependable service platforms and architectures that enable flexible and dynamic provisioning of cloud services. Our findings are incorporated in a toolkit targeting the cloud service and infrastructure providers. The innovations behind the toolkit are aimed at optimizing the whole service life cycle, including service construction, deployment, and operation, on a basis of aspects such as trust, risk, eco-efficiency and cost. Notably, adaptive self-preservation is crucial to meet predicted and unforeseen changes in resource requirements. By addressing the whole service life cycle, taking into account several cloud architectures, and by taking a holistic approach to sustainable service provisioning, the toolkit aims to provide a foundation for a reliable, sustainable, and trustful cloud computing industry.
Using Multiagent Self-organization Techniques to Improve Dynamic Skill Searching in Virtual Social Communities

This paper introduces an approach which aims at improving information access (skills, services) in large networks. A self-organized multiagent analysis of the problem, reducing the number of messages transmitted for a skill search is proposed. The MWAC (Multi-Wireless-Agent Communication) model is extended here to take some specificities of social networks into account, like the information held by the social network members and their connections with the others.
A Generalized Framework for Machine Transliteration

This paper details the creation of a framework for machine transliteration between two scripts. It extends the work done by Knight and Graehl on transliteration between English and Japanese using weigheted finite-state transducers (WFSTs) to represent a generative model for the process. The framework outlined in this paper is a modular hub-and-spoke model composed of WFSTs that allows transliteration between any two languages for which WFSTs are available. The composition of the WFSTs and the results of testing with all languages for which data was available are given.