Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Bounding error detection latency in safety critical systems with enhanced Execution Fingerprinting

Latent soft errors may disrupt execution millions of instructions after their occurrence, wasting significant computational resources when recovery requires re-execution. While Execution Fingerprinting (EF) has emerged as a cost-effective fault detection alternative for automotive mixed-criticality multicore safety-critical systems, like lockstep execution, it suffers from unbounded error detection latency (EDL). We propose State Checkpointing (EF-SC) and Selective State Streaming (EF-SSS), which actively push register state into the fingerprinting stream, in a single burst or selectively over time, respectively. Given a maximum EDL of 20K instructions, EF-SC and EF-SSS experience 0.08 and 0.02% performance degradation and 0.96 and 1.06% fingerprinting overhead, respectively.
Characterizing Communicability of Networks formed on Mobile Nodes

Smartphones have become extremely popular by launching wide ubiquitous networks. Nowadays studying of DTN Delay Tolerant Networks (DTN) and Opportunistic Networks where formed over these mobile nodes, is one of the interesting topics in the research community. In this paper, we measure communicability capacity of DTN Network formed over the mobile nodes at a university campus and also an area in Montreal city through exploiting static and temporal graphs. We observed a significant difference between communicability measures in static and temporal cases, especially for short snapshot windows. It implies that analyzing dynamic networks by considering a static model for them may lead to an unrealistic and even mislead results.
Consistency in Interpersonal Themes in Narratives About Relationships

The current study investigates the hypothesis that psychiatric patients display consistent interpersonal themes in narratives across different important interpersonal relationships. In response to a revised Relationship Anecdote Paradigm interview, 93 patients with a diagnosable disorder, based on Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (third edition, revised) criteria, were asked to give 5 narratives about each of the following significant people in their lives: mother, father, same-sex best friend, and romantic partner. From the transcribed interview material, independent judges reliably rated the intensity of wishes, responses of others, and responses from self associated with a modified Core Conflictual Relationship Theme (CCRT) method (Luborsky & Crits-Christoph, 1990). Consistency of specific relational themes was assessed across multiple interactions with the same person and across different relationships. Although only 1% to 3% of the variance was explained by an individual's consistency, there was substantial variability in specific interpersonal themes across narratives, both across and within relationships (explaining 27% to 30% of the variance). The discussion addresses methodological issues that may have contributed to the current findings and the implications of these findings for the CCRT method, psychodynamic theory and practice in general, and the psychodynamic concept of transference in particular.
How Teachers Perceive the Relation Between School and Society

A SERIES OF studies of the school as a social institution was begun at the Institute of Sociological Research early in 1969. The studies are guided by two basic queries: (1) What is the nature of the relationship between the dynamics of society and of the school; in other words, how can a school system that generally tends toward rigidity adapt itself to the demands of a changing society? (2) How do differentiation and hierarchies related to schooling evolve in a society that is striving toward egalitarianism? These problems are approached in our research from several angles and treated at different levels (e.g., the levels of leaders of the society, parents, the school, teachers) by a variety of methods, ranging from the in-depth interview and content analysis to the sociological survey and specially designed procedures of measurement. Two large-scale investigations served as a starting-point. On the one hand, we have described the workings of the educational system of Hungary with the aid of statistical data about scholastic achievement. Using a national sample, stratified by type of locality and type of school, we obtained school marks for approximately 70,000 children in 2000 classes. Our purpose was to learn what influence school characteristics, the social milieu of the child,
Network flows and combinatorial matrix theory

This note gives a very brief introduction to the theory of network flows and some related topics in combinatorial matrix theory. 1 Network flow theory Network flow theory is a mathematical treatment of flows in networks. Actually, the classical and basic treatment of this area is the pioneering monograph by L.R. Ford and D.R. Fulkerson called Flows in networks [9]. A more recent, and highly recommended, book is [1] which treats both theoretical and computational aspects of this area. It also presents a lot of interesting applications. A comprehensive text in this area and combinatorial optimization more generally, covering basically all theoretical and algorithmic aspects, is the book (three volumes) by Lex Schrijver [18]. Some other interesting books on network flows and optimization are [3] and [16]. 1.1 Flows and circulations Let D = (V,E) be a (directed) graph with vertex set V and edge set E. This means that V is a finite set and E is a (finite) set of ordered pairs of distinct elements from V . Each element v ∈ V is called a vertex, and each element e = (u, v) ∈ E is called an edge (or directed edge). Graphs arise in many applications. For instance, they are used to represent transportation or communication networks. Each graph may be represented by a drawing
About the dynamics of essential genetic information: an empirical analysis for selected GA-variants

This paper exemplarily points out how essential genetic information evolves during the runs of selected GA-variants. The algorithmic enhancements to a standard genetic algorithm certify the survival of essential genetic information by supporting the survival of relevant alleles rather than the survival of above average chromosomes. This is achieved by defining the survival probability of a new child chromosome depending on the child's fitness in comparison to the fitness values of its own parents. The main aim of this paper is to explain important properties of the discussed algorithm variants in a rather intuitive way. Aspects for meaningful and practically more relevant generalizations as well as more sophisticated experimental analyses are indicated.
Additional Value of Myocardial Perfusion Imaging During Dobutamine Stress Magnetic Resonance for the Assessment of Coronary Artery Disease

Background—Dobutamine stress magnetic resonance (DSMR) imaging has emerged as a valuable tool for the detection of inducible wall motion abnormalities. The role of perfusion imaging during DSMR is not well defined. We examined whether the addition of myocardial perfusion imaging during DSMR provides incremental benefit for the evaluation of coronary artery disease. Methods and Results—DSMR was combined with perfusion imaging in 455 consecutive patients who were scheduled for clinically indicated invasive coronary angiography. Perfusion images were acquired in 3 standard short-views at rest and during maximum dobutamine-atropine stress. Wall motion and perfusion images were interpreted sequentially, blinded to other data. Significant (≥70%) stenoses were present in 285 patients on invasive coronary angiography. The use of DSMR combined with perfusion imaging versus DSMR increased sensitivity (91% versus 85%, P=0.001), but not specificity (70% versus 82%, P=0.001), resulting in identical overall diagnostic accuracy (84% versus 84%, P=NS; Youden index 0.61 versus 0.67). DSMR combined with perfusion imaging enabled the correct diagnosis of coronary artery disease in an additional 13% of DSMR-negative patients at the cost of 11% more false-positive cases. Conclusion—The addition of perfusion imaging during DSMR improves sensitivity for the diagnosis of coronary artery disease but does not enhance overall diagnostic accuracy because of a concomitant decrease in specificity.
Class, Ethnicity, and the State Among the Miskitu Amerindians of Northeastern Nicaragua

There are marginalized ethnic minorities in almost all countries of the American continent. In many cases, these superexploited autochthonous populations constitute national minorities and require an effective process of decolonization in order to achieve full cultural and economic emancipation. Not all ethnic groups necessarily qualify as distinct nationalities, of course, and not all national minority movements automatically represent the exploited classes. Nationhood is born out of the historical, cultural, and political economic formation of a people; it implies a unified collective consciousness and is usually expressed through struggle. When a population constitutes a distinct nationality, however, and is included in a dominated fashion within the frontiers of a larger state, the feasibility of a socialist liberation strategy based on the creation of autonomous administrative and cultural structures becomes a central issue. In order to determine whether regional autonomy will actually benefit the poor majority, however, the dynamics of the class struggle must be carefully examined. Narrowly nationalist sentiments are too frequently amenable to manipulation. The right to self-determination should not be seen as an abstract truism that legitimizes all secessionist movements. The validity of the demands of an ethnic group ultimately have to be judged by their class content as the struggle for socialism and the interests of the oppressed should always be the primary concern. In Nicaragua, the first continental state in the western hemisphere in
Evaluation of epigallocatechin gallate and epicatechin gallate effects on acrylamide-induced neurotoxicity in rats and cytotoxicity in PC 12 cells

Abstract The neurotoxicity of acrylamide (ACR) monomer occurs through different mechanisms such as oxidative stress. Epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG) and epicatechin gallate (ECG) are green tea catechins which are known as powerful antioxidants. In this study, we examined the possible protective effects of ECG and EGCG on ACR neurotoxicity in both in-vitro and in-vivo models. PC12 cells were exposed to different concentrations of ECG and EGCG. After 24 and 48 hours, ACR was added to the cells (IC50 = 4.85 mM) and cell viability was measured through MTT assay after 24 hours. Male Wistar rats were pretreated with ECG, EGCG (10, 20 and 40 mg/kg, i.p) and vitamin E (200 IU/kg i.p.) for 3 days. Afterwards they were treated with ACR (50 mg/kg, i.p.) for 11 days. After the treatment period, gait score examination was performed and molondialdehyde (MDA) and reduced glutathione (GSH) were measured in cerebral cortex. ACR reduced the cell viability in a concentration-dependent manner. Both ECG and EGCG (20 μM) showed inhibitory effects on ACR cytotoxicity. ACR significantly induced gait abnormalities, decreased GSH level and increased lipid peroxidation in cerebral cortex. ECG and EGCG (20 mg/kg) improved all ACR toxic effects. Although the food intake was increased in pretreated groups compared to the ACR-treated group, intensive weight loss was observed due to the green tea’s different weight loss mechanisms. ECG and EGCG inhibited the cytotoxicity of ACR in PC12 cells and increased GSH level and decreased lipid peroxidation in rat cerebral cortex.
The Short and Brutish Life of Republika Srpska Krajina: Failure of a De Facto State

Abstract It is extremely difficult for a state to survive without international recognition; even so, some de facto states have been established and continue to exist. Others do not, and have been wiped off the face of the earth again. This article looks at one failed de facto state, the breakaway Serb Republic of Krajina (RSK) that existed for five years (1991–1995), before it was overrun by Croatian armed forces in Operation Storm. What did RSK do wrong that the surviving de facto states do right? Research has shown that in order to survive de facto states must have a patron that will protect them and supply them with financial and other resources; in addition, they must engage in state-building (the establishment of functioning state institutions) and in nation-building (fostering patriotism and a common national identity). RSK failed on all three scores. The Krajina leaders did initially enjoy the backing of the Milos˘ević regime, but fell out with it and lost that support. Rather than build strong state institutions they pilfered the state and allowed the society to slide into anarchy. Finally, they never made any attempt to create a sense of separate RSK identity linked to the state. RSK was presented only as the westernmost outpost of Serbdom, and as a temporary structure pending the unification of all Serbs in one state. This is not the stuff successful de facto states are made of.
Foot pronation is not associated with increased injury risk in novice runners wearing a neutral shoe: a 1-year prospective cohort study

Objective To investigate if running distance to first running-related injury varies between foot postures in novice runners wearing neutral shoes. Design A 1-year epidemiological observational prospective cohort study. Setting Denmark. Participants A total of 927 novice runners equivalent to 1854 feet were included. At baseline, foot posture on each foot was evaluated using the foot-posture index and categorised into highly supinated (n=53), supinated (n=369), neutral (n=1292), pronated (n=122) or highly pronated (n=18). Participants then had to start running in a neutral running shoe and to use global positioning system watch to quantify the running distance in every training session. Main outcome measure A running-related injury was defined as any musculoskeletal complaint of the lower extremity or back caused by running, which restricted the amount of running for at least 1 week. Results During 1 year of follow-up, the 1854 feet included in the analyses ran a total of 326 803 km until injury or censoring. A total of 252 participants sustained a running-related injury. Of these, 63 were bilateral injuries. Compared with a neutral foot posture, no significant body mass index-adjusted cumulative risk differences (RD) were found after 250 km of running for highly supinated feet (RD=11.0% (−10% to 32.1%), p=0.30), supinated feet (RD=−1.4% (−8.4% to 5.5%), p=0.69), pronated feet (RD=−8.1% (−17.6% to 1.3%), p=0.09) and highly pronated feet (RD=9.8% (−19.3% to 38.8%), p=0.51). In addition, the incidence-rate difference/1000 km of running, revealed that pronators had a significantly lower number of injuries/1000 km of running of −0.37 (−0.03 to −0.70), p=0.03 than neutrals. Conclusions The results of the present study contradict the widespread belief that moderate foot pronation is associated with an increased risk of injury among novice runners taking up running in a neutral running shoe. More work is needed to ascertain if highly pronated feet face a higher risk of injury than neutral feet.
The weight-for-height chart: is it accurate enough for field surveys?

This paper presents the sensitivity specificity and positive value predictive of 2 variants of a chart assessing nutritional status compared with results obtained using conventional weight and height measurements. From September to November 1983 the US Agency for International Development assisted the Government of the Islamic Republic of Mauritania in conducting random surveys of nutritional status in several drought-affected regions of Mauritania. In comparison to conventional height and weight measurements the weight-for-height chart used without a headboard and footboard does not produce acceptable levels of accuracy. When attached to a measuring board with fixed footboard and moveable headboard however results are more comparable to those obtained using conventional measurements. The weight-for-height chart attached to a height board may be useful in screening children for inclusion in supplementary feeding programs and following an individual childs progress or as an adjunct to more careful measuring procedures. Any field surveys on which policy decisions and major expenditures are to be based should also include exact weight and height data to provide greater flexibility in data analysis and in the development and evaluation of interventions. In general the unisex tables were more accurate than the weight-for-height chart using both the indices of % of the total population in a given nutritional category and the ability to correctly identify the nutritional category for a specific child. The use of the chart alone in population-based field surveys appears to be limited. The levels of accuracy may not be adequate; field surveys are often expensive time-consuming and not easily repeatable; much of the expense is cost of personnel and transport to rural areas; and the usefulness of the weight-for-height chart as the only field measure is the categorical rather than continuous nature of the information it collects.
The Difference between Communal and Exchange Relationships: What it is and is Not

Replying to Batson (this issue), who argues that the difference between communal and exchange relationships is less than might be imagined, the authors review the communal/exchange distinction, discuss what it does and does not mean, and address specific issues raised by Batson. They conclude, contrary to claims by Batson, that (a) ingratiation cannot account for all the findings supporting the communal/exchange distinction; (b) if desire for a communal relationship leads to ingratiation, that does not contradict the distinction; (c) if communal norms are followed for other than altruistic reasons, that does not undermine the distinction, (d) the difference between communal and exchange relationships is not limited to the breadth of benefits exchanged; (e) the difference between communal and exchange relationships is not limited to a difference in etiquette; rather, the communal/exchange distinction provides a theoretical explanation for the difference in etiquette.
Deadlock-free packet switching networks

Deadlock is one of the most serious system failures that can occur in a computer system or a network. Deadlock states have been observed in existing computer networks emphasizing the need for carefully designed flow control procedures (controllers) to avoid deadlocks. Such a deadlock-free controller is readily found if we allow it global information about the overall network state. Generally, this assumption is not realistic, and we must resort to deadlock free local controllers using only packet and node information. We present here several types of such controllers, we study their relationship and give a proof of their optimality with respect to deadlock free controllers using the same set of local parameters.
Genomic Characterization of Brain Metastases Reveals Branched Evolution and Potential Therapeutic Targets.

UNLABELLED Brain metastases are associated with a dismal prognosis. Whether brain metastases harbor distinct genetic alterations beyond those observed in primary tumors is unknown. We performed whole-exome sequencing of 86 matched brain metastases, primary tumors, and normal tissue. In all clonally related cancer samples, we observed branched evolution, where all metastatic and primary sites shared a common ancestor yet continued to evolve independently. In 53% of cases, we found potentially clinically informative alterations in the brain metastases not detected in the matched primary-tumor sample. In contrast, spatially and temporally separated brain metastasis sites were genetically homogenous. Distal extracranial and regional lymph node metastases were highly divergent from brain metastases. We detected alterations associated with sensitivity to PI3K/AKT/mTOR, CDK, and HER2/EGFR inhibitors in the brain metastases. Genomic analysis of brain metastases provides an opportunity to identify potentially clinically informative alterations not detected in clinically sampled primary tumors, regional lymph nodes, or extracranial metastases. SIGNIFICANCE Decisions for individualized therapies in patients with brain metastasis are often made from primary-tumor biopsies. We demonstrate that clinically actionable alterations present in brain metastases are frequently not detected in primary biopsies, suggesting that sequencing of primary biopsies alone may miss a substantial number of opportunities for targeted therapy.
Seeing health and illness worlds – using visual methodologies in a sociology of health and illness: a methodological review

Abstract This review starts from the premise that the visual has been, until recently, a neglected dimension in our understanding of social life, despite the role of vision in other disciplines, including medicine itself. The potential for a visual approach will be analysed drawing on a range of studies, broadly within the sociology of health and illness, which have used visual approaches. I highlight the value of visual methodology projects within qualitative approaches to research more generally, and assess the difficulties as well as the advantages. It is suggested that using visual methodologies does not necessarily lead to greater reactivity in the research process as has sometimes been proposed; and that visual worlds are themselves unique topics of sociological study which may be enhanced by using visual techniques rather than written and spoken language. A combination of visual and traditional methods can also be fruitful. Painting and drawing, video, film, and still photography are included as examples which researchers have used and can use.
Activation of Thalamo-Cortical Systems in Post-Traumatic Flashbacks: A Positron Emission Tomography Study

Trauma victims with post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) often experience ‘flashbacks’ that are described as being different from memories of other fearful biographic situations. We used Positron Emission Tomography and Statistical Parametric Mapping to compare in the same subject brain activation patterns during induced flashbacks with recall of fearful non-traumatic situations. During fearful recall there were significant activations of right precuneus. When traumatic memories were compared to neutral, right lingual gyrus, right thalamus / mamillary bodies, and right cerebellum were significantly activated. When brain activation during flashbacks was compared to simple fear, right mediodorsal thalamus (MD), right precuneus, and right cerebellum were significantly more active. With respect to recent experimental evidence concerning the function of thalamo-cortical systems, we hypothesize that post-traumatic flashback experiences are based on hyperactive thalamo-cortical ‘closed loop’ networks.
A commercial histamine release test and autologous serum skin test in the diagnosis of autoimmune urticaria

Fig. 1. To our knowledge, this is the first investigation focusing on capillary serum sampling for microarray-based IgE analysis. Our data suggest that the detection of specific IgE antibodies against multiple recombinant allergen components is feasible and reliable utilizing only minute volumes of patient serum. Allowing for capillary blood sampling, a mode of blood withdrawal particularly suitable for the pediatric age group, it could help avoid peripheral venipuncture which is known to cause procedural distress and not rarely requires local anesthesia in infants and children (5). Therefore, our results strengthen the view of allergen microarrays as promising tools for future low-invasive IgE testing. However, as has been pointed out before (6), further clinical trials with larger numbers of patients are required in order to assess all relevant microarray performance parameters in comparison to established methods of in vitro IgE detection. This work was supported by the Rotationsprogramm of the Medical Faculty of the Rheinisch-Westfälische Technische Hochschule (RWTH) Aachen.