Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Flows and heterogeneities with a vane tool: MRI measurements

We study the local flow properties of various materials in a vane-in-cup geometry. We perform velocity and particle concentration measurements through MRI techniques during the flows of a Newtonian fluid, a yield stress fluid, and a dense suspension of noncolloidal particles in a yield stress fluid. In the Newtonian fluid, we observe that the θ-averaged strain rate component drθ decreases as the inverse squared radius in the gap, in agreement with a Couette analogy. However, this results in a torque significantly higher (by 12%) than the Atkinson and Sherwood (1992) prediction, which is strictly valid only for blades of negligible thickness embedded in an infinite medium. We also observe that the flow enters deeply the region between the blades, leading to a significant extensional flow. In the yield stress fluid, in contrast with the usually accepted picture based on simulation results from the literature, we find that the layer of material that is sheared near the blades at low velocity is not cylindrical. There is thus a significant extensional component of shear that should be taken into account in the analysis. Finally and surprisingly, in the suspension, we observe that a thin non-cylindrical slip layer made of the pure interstitial yield stress fluid appears quickly at the interface between the sheared material and the material that moves as a rigid body between the blades. This feature can be attributed to the non-symmetric trajectories of the noncolloidal particles around the edges of the blades. This new important observation is in sharp contradiction with the common belief that the vane tool prevents from slippage and tends to preclude the use of the vane tool for studying the flows of pasty materials.
Structure and dynamics of the polar vortex in the Earth's core

Observations of the Earth's magnetic field suggest that there are anticyclonic polar vortices in the core (Olson and Aurnou, 1999; Hulot et al., 2002). Some geodynamo simulations have also shown the existence of an anticyclonic flow in the polar region of the Earth's outer core. The polar vortices are investigated using a spherical convection‐driven dynamo model. In a fully three‐dimensional model where no longitudinal symmetry is imposed, we find that the polar vortex core is offset from the pole itself by approximately 10° from the axis of rotation. It is therefore non‐axisymmetric, and can drift considerably in longitude during a magnetic diffusion time. We also find that the strong polar vortex depends crucially on the magnetic field in the core. The simulation results are compared with the polar core flow reconstructed from secular variation observations.
Standardization of chemical compounds using language modeling

With the growing amount of chemical data stored digitally, it has become crucial to represent chemical compounds consistently. Harmonized representations facilitate the extraction of insightful information from datasets, and are advantageous for machine learning applications. Compound standardization is typically accomplished using rule-based algorithms that modify undesirable descriptions of functional groups, resulting in a consistent representation throughout the dataset. Here, we present the ﬁrst deep-learning model for molecular standardization. We enable custom schemes based solely on data, which also support standardization options that are difﬁcult to encode into rules. Our model achieves > 98% accuracy in learning two popular rule-based protocols. When ﬁne-tuned on a relatively small dataset of catalysts (for which there is currently no automated standardization practice), the model predicts the expected standardized molecular format with a test accuracy of 62% on average. We show that our model learns not only the grammar and syntax of molecular representations, but also the details of atom ordering, types of bonds, and representations of charged species. In addition, we demonstrate the model’s ability to reproduce a canonicalization algorithm with a 95 . 6% success rate.
@ Trinity Digital Commons @ Trinity

This study uses data from the 2005 wave of World Values Survey (WVS 2005), to explore and compare the relations between media use and postmaterialist value orientations in China and the US. The data analysis showed that the younger generations in China have stronger postmaterialist value orientations than the older generations. American society has stronger postmaterialist value orientations than Chinese society as a whole, but fewer obvious generational differences. The study also found that media use has a greater effect on values in China than in the US.
S C ] 1 0 D ec 2 00 7 Dense Linear Algebra over Word-Size Prime Fields : the FFLAS and FFPACK packages

In the past two decades, some major efforts have been made to reduce exact (e.g. integer, rational, polynomial) linear algebra problems to matrix multiplication in order to provide algorithms with optimal asymptotic complexity. To provide efficient implementations of such algorithms one need to be careful with the underlying arithmetic. It is well known that modular techniques such as the Chinese remainder algorithm or the p-adic lifting allow very good practical performance, especially when word size arithmetic are used. Therefore, finite field arithmetic becomes an important core for efficient exact linear algebra libraries. In this paper, we study high performance implementations of basic linear algebra routines over word size prime fields: specially the matrix multiplication; our goal being to provide an exact alternate to the numerical BLAS library. We show that this is made possible by a carefull combination of numerical computations and asymptotically faster algorithms. Our kernel has several symbolic linear algebra applications enabled by diverse matrix multiplication reductions: symbolic triangularization, system solving, determinant and matrix inverse implementations are thus studied.
Molecular ecology and microbiomes in the wild: methodological advances, common pitfalls and future directions

The study of microbiomes across organisms and environments has become a prominent focus in molecular ecology. This perspective article explores methodological advancements, common challenges and future directions in the ﬁeld. Key research areas include understanding the drivers of microbiome community assembly, linking microbiome composition to host genetics, exploring microbial functions, transience, and spatial partitioning, and disentangling non-bacterial components of the micro-biome. Methodological advancements, such as quantifying absolute abundances, sequencing complete genomes, and utilizing novel statistical approaches, are also useful tools for understanding complex microbial diversity patterns. Our aims are to encourage robust practices in microbiome studies and inspire researchers to explore the next frontier of this rapidly changing ﬁeld.
Short duration reservoir-release impacts on impounded upland rivers

The increasing number and scale of river impoundments throughout the 19th and 20th centuries means that the management of these impoundments is crucial to the future of global riverine biota. Impoundments such as reservoirs can affect rivers in a variety of ways, not least through the reduction in amplitude of the natural hydrograph, depriving rivers of ecologically important spate flows. Many reservoir operators conduct regular safety tests, known as scour releases, during which large quantities of impounded water are released directly into rivers. This project assesses the impact of these releases on the hydrology and physio-chemistry of the receiving water bodies as well as upon fish movements and benthic macroinvertebrate abundance and diversity downstream of the reservoirs. The potential of such releases to mimic natural spate flows for ecological gain is also examined. The work took place in the Yorkshire Water catchment area in northern England between 2007 and 2010. Passive Integrated Transponder (PIT) telemetry was used to assess the responses of brown trout Salmo trutta to these short-duration releases. Tagged fish were able to maintain position during the releases and showed no evidence of wash-out or upstream migratory movements associated with the releases. Changes to macroinvertebrate abundance, diversity and community structure associated with the release were also examined. Some sites showed significant wash-out and community change following the releases while other sites were unchanged. Communities at impacted sites returned to pre-release structures within weeks of the releases. Analysis of habitat use and characteristics suggest the responses of fish and macroinvertebrates to these reservoir releases were linked to habitat heterogeneity and the use of flow refugia. The negative impacts associated with the scour releases were minimal, while mimicked spate releases may improve salmonid spawning habitat and could re-introduce valuable flow variability to impounded catchments.
Microassembly for complex and solid 3D MEMS by 3D Vision-based control.

—This paper describes the vision-based methods developed for assembly of complex and solid 3D MEMS (micro electromechanical systems) structures. The microassembly process is based on sequential robotic operations such as planar positioning, gripping, orientation in space and insertion tasks. Each of these microassembly tasks is performed using a pose-based visual control. To be able to control the microassembly process, a 3D model-based tracker is used. This tracker is able to directly provide the 3D micro-object pose at real-time and from only a single view of the scene. The methods proposed in this paper are validated on an automatic assembly of ﬁves silicon microparts of 400 µ m × 400 µ m × 100 µ m on 3-levels. The insertion tolerance (mechanical play) is estimated to 3 µ m. The precision of this insertion tolerance allows us to obtain solid and complex micro electromechanical structures without any external joining (glue, wending. Promising positioning and orientation accuracies are obtained who can reach 0.3 µ m in position and 0.2 ◦ in orientation.
Introduction to Monte Carlo Methods

Monte Carlo methods play an important role in scientific computation, especially when problems have a vast phase space. In this lecture an introduction to the Monte Carlo method is given. Concepts such as Markov chains, detailed balance, critical slowing down, and ergodicity, as well as the Metropolis algorithm are explained. The Monte Carlo method is illustrated by numerically studying the critical behavior of the two-dimensional Ising ferromagnet using finite-size scaling methods. In addition, advanced Monte Carlo methods are described (e.g., the Wolff cluster algorithm and parallel tempering Monte Carlo) and illustrated with nontrivial models from the physics of glassy systems. Finally, we outline an approach to study rare events using a Monte Carlo sampling with a guiding function.
China’s Export Growth and the China Safeguard Threats to the World Trading System?

The Policy Research Working Paper Series disseminates the findings of work in progress to encourage the exchange of ideas about development issues. An objective of the series is to get the findings out quickly, even if the presentations are less than fully polished. The papers carry the names of the authors and should be cited accordingly. The findings, interpretations, and conclusions expressed in this paper are entirely those of the authors. They do not necessarily represent the views of the International Bank for Reconstruction and Development/World Bank and its affiliated organizations
Regulation of cell cycle by the anaphase spindle midzone

Background: A number of proteins accumulate in the spindle midzone and midbody of dividing animal cells. Besides proteins essential for cytokinesis, there are also components essential for interphase functions, suggesting that the spindle midzone and/or midbody may play a role in regulating the following cell cycle. Results: We microsurgically severed NRK epithelial cells during anaphase or telophase, such that the spindle midzone/midbody was associated with only one of the daughter cells. Time-lapse recording of cells severed during early anaphase indicated that the cell with midzone underwent cytokinesis-like cortical contractions and progressed normally through the interphase, whereas the cell without midzone showed no cortical contraction and an arrest or substantial delay in the progression of interphase. Similar microsurgery during telophase showed a normal progression of interphase for both daughter cells with or without the midbody. Microsurgery of anaphase cells treated with cytochalasin D or nocodazole indicated that interphase progression was independent of cortical ingression but dependent on microtubules. Conclusions: We conclude that the mitotic spindle is involved in not only the separation of chromosomes but also the regulation of cell cycle. The process may involve activation of components in the spindle midzone that are required for the cell cycle, and/or degradation of components that are required for cytokinesis but may interfere with the cell cycle. Background Microtubules undergo striking reorganization during anaphase and telophase. During anaphase, antiparallel, interdigitating microtubules and many associated proteins become organized into discrete bundles in the spindle midzone [1], the region between separated chromosomes. As the cell enters cytokinesis, these midzone microtubule bundles merge into a single compact, electron-dense structure called midbody. It is generally recognized that, at least for cultured animal cells, midzone microtubules play a major role in cytokinesis. For example, cleavage furrows, both normal and ectopic, are associated with similar microtubule bundles [2-4], while regions physically blocked from midzone microtubules by micromanipulation are unable to undergo cytokinesis [5]. Moreover, continuous interactions of midzone microtubules with the cell cortex are required for sustaining the cytokinesis of cultured animal cells [6]. Published: 23 December 2004 BMC Cell Biology 2004, 5:49 doi:10.1186/1471-2121-5-49 Received: 20 November 2004 Accepted: 23 December 2004 This article is available from: http://www.biomedcentral. com/1471-2121/5/49 © 2004 Murata-Hori et al; licensee BioMed Central Ltd. This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. BMC Cell Biology 2004, 5:49 http://www.biomedcentral. com/1471-2121/5/49
Attention Overload

Consumer has attention scarcity. When there are more products in the market, it is natural to expect that each product gets less attention due to the competition over attention. We call such phenomenon attention overload. However, existing models either fall short of capturing attention overload, or is inept to unbind the notions of considering and choosing. We propose a model of random attention, Attention Overload Model, under this innocuous behavioral assumption. We show how policy maker can learn about consumer preference purely from choice data and make welfare judgement. We demonstrate how an additional condition over attention at binaries further informs the policy maker. Characterization results are also provided for outlining the key insights to look for in the choice data for consistency.
VLBI observations of T Tauri south

We report observations of the T Tauri system at 8.4 GHz with a VLBI array comprising the VLBA, VLA and Effelsberg 100 m telescopes. We detected a compact source offset approximately 40 mas from the best infrared position of the T Tau Sb component. This source was unresolved, and constrained to be less than 0.5 mas in size, corresponding to 0.07 AU or 15 $R_{\odot}$ at a distance of 140 pc. The other system components (T Tau Sa, T Tau N) were not detected in the VLBI data. The separate VLA map contains extended flux not accounted for by the compact VLBI source, indicating the presence of extended emission on arcsecond scales. The compact source shows rapid variability, which together with circular polarization and its compact nature indicate that the observed flux arises from a magnetically-dominated region. Brightness temperatures in the MK range point to gyrosynchrotron as the emission mechanism for the steady component. The rapid variations are accompanied by dramatic changes in polarization, and we record an at times 100% polarized component during outbursts. This strongly suggests a coherent emission process, most probably an electron cyclotron maser. With this assumption it is possible to estimate the strength of the local magnetic field to be 1.5-3 kilogauss.
Toward the camera rain gauge

We propose a novel technique based on the quantitative detection of rain intensity from images, i.e., from pictures taken in rainy conditions. The method is fully analytical and based on the fundamentals of camera optics. A rigorous statistical framing of the technique allows one to obtain the rain rate estimates in terms of expected values and associated uncertainty. We show that the method can be profitably applied to real rain events, and we obtain promising results with errors of the order of ±25% . A precise quantification of the method's accuracy will require a more systematic and long‐term comparison with benchmark measures. The significant step forward with respect to standard rain gauges resides in the possibility to retrieve measures at very high temporal resolution (e.g., 30 measures per minute) at a very low cost. Perspective applications include the possibility to dramatically increase the spatial density of rain observations by exporting the technique to crowdsourced pictures of rain acquired with cameras and smartphones.
Deep Learning Framework using Sparse Diffusion MRI for Diagnosis of Frontotemporal Dementia

Frontotemporal dementia (FTD) is a devastating neurodegenerative disorder that primarily affects the frontal and temporal lobes of the brain, leading to cognitive decline and behavioral changes. Early and accurate diagnosis of FTD is crucial for initiating timely interventions and providing appropriate care to patients. In the opinion of the experts , about 12-22 persons out of the population of 100,000 persons experience FTD. That means between 1.2 million and 1.8 million people have it worldwide. This research paper proposes a novel deep learning framework that utilizes sparse diffusion measures extracted from neuroimaging data to aid in the early diagnosis of Frontotemporal Dementia. The proposed model leverages the power of deep learning techniques to automatically learn relevant features from the data and effectively distinguish between healthy individuals and those with FTD. The experimental results demonstrate the promising potential of the proposed approach in improving FTD diagnosis and paving the way for future research in this area.
Flexible Bending Sensors Fabricated with Interdigitated Electrode Structures Cross-Linked by Transition Metal Doped ZnO Nanorods

Bending strain sensors based on one-dimensional ZnO nanorod (NR) arrays cross-linked with interdigitated electrodes were fabricated on polyethylene terephthalate (PET) substrates. ZnO NRs were grown using the hydrothermal method through the dopings with different transition metals, such as Co, Ni, or Co-plus-Ni, on PET substrates, and their microstructural morphology and crystalline properties were examined by a variety of surface analysis methods. Ultraviolet photoresponse and normalized resistance change were measured according to the bending strains to concave and convex directions, and the highest gauge factors of 175 and 83 were achieved in the convex and concave directions, respectively, at a bending strain of 1.75%, when Co-plus-Ni was doped to the NRs.
COMPETITIVE STRATEGY AND BUSINESS ENVIRONMENT ON SMEs PERFORMANCE IN YOGYAKARTA, INDONESIA

SMEs have an important role in Yogyakarta. Currently, SMEs are faced with something difficult and task that is to maintain SMEs to remain competitive, which involves the existence also their future growth. To support Yogyakarta SMEs in maintaining and enhancing competitiveness, a theoretical framework was developed through the organization of theories and findings when studying SMEs in Yogyakarta. This framework explores competitive strategies and the business environment that affect the performance of Yogyakarta SMEs. The population in this study were SME sectors in industry groups furniture, leather goods, and food processing industries, totaling 118 business units. This study uses cluster sampling. The analytical method used is multiple regression analysis. In light of information gathered from SMEs in Yogyakarta, this examination affirms the centrality of serious procedures to pick up their upper hand. What's more, there is a negative connection between serious weights and SME execution.
Dash: A Low Code Development Platform for AI Applications in Industry

Low Code Development (LCD) is a popular way of creating database applications owing to its simplicity and the resulting improvement in accessibility: the developer uses gestures like drag and drop with icons representing existing programs or data sources, then employs pull-down menus for customization, and hence rarely needs to write new software. Our work is motivated by a recent trend that seeks to move the LCD methodology into AI settings, such as for product inspection in industrial shop floors (factories). We start by showing that LCD-created AIs (LCDAIs) for time-pressured tasks often need so much customization that the deployment engineer ends up needing a deep understanding of the application, subverting the LCD philosophy. Dash introduces a new LCD platform that focuses on LCDAIs for complex, time-sensitive distributed systems. Beyond these basic goals, the technology optimizes both development and deployment.
Services Liberalization and Wage Inequality in the Philippines

This paper examines the impact on employment and wages of liberalization in selected services subsectors (banking, distribution, and telecommunications) in the Philippines from 1991 to 2004. On the assumption that value-added effects arise from service liberalization that subsequently increase productivity in other sectors and influence changes in average wages across industries, results indicate that liberalization may have potentially harmed more vulnerable populations that are less educated, and created greater opportunities for employment in good jobs for higher-skilled males relative to females. This suggests the need for policies to support education, as the Philippine economic structure shifts away from primary and secondary sector production, which typically requires a higher skilled and more educated labor force. Greater disaggregation of the data along the lines of gender, education, occupation, and employment status highlights the usefulness of careful policy analysis in designing programs to redress distributional imbalances that accompany liberalization and structural transformation.