Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
An identification of stem cell‐resembling gene expression profiles in high‐grade astrocytomas

High‐grade astrocytomas are among the most intractable types of cancers and are often fatal. Previous studies have suggested that high‐grade astrocytomas may adopt the self‐renewal and migration properties of neural stem cells (NSCs) to proliferate and spread by expressing the stem cell‐specific genes. However, despite a few common molecules being documented, the molecular basis underlying these similarities remains largely unknown. To have a better understanding of the stem cell characteristics of high‐grade astrocytomas, we performed the study to identify the stem cell‐resembling gene expression profile in high‐grade astrocytomas. cDNA microarray analysis was used to detect the differentially expressed genes of isolated human high‐grade astrocytomas versus their peritumoral tissue counterparts, and the identification of stem cell‐resembling genes was approached by comparing the high‐grade astrocytomas‐specific gene expression profile with that of NSCs identified by our previous study and other groups. We identified more than 200 high‐grade astrocytomas‐specific genes in this study, and near 10% genes or gene families of them exhibited similar up or down expression patterns as in NSCs. Further analysis indicated that these genes were actively involved in cell proliferation, adhesion, migration, and metastasis. This study revealed a list of stem cell‐specific genes in high‐grade astrocytomas, which was likely to have critical roles in determining the “stem” characteristics of high‐grade astrocytomas. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
c-Jun NH2-terminal Kinase (JNK)-interacting Protein-3 (JIP3) Regulates Neuronal Axon Elongation in a Kinesin- and JNK-dependent Manner*

Background: The role of JIP3 in axon specification and elongation in addition to axon branching remains unknown. Results: JIP3 locally activates the JNK-cofilin pathway at axon tips and thus enhances axon elongation. Conclusion: JIP3 is essential for axon elongation. Significance: These results advance our understanding of the role of JIP3 in axon development. The development of neuronal polarity is essential for the establishment of the accurate patterning of neuronal circuits in the brain. However, little is known about the underlying molecular mechanisms that control rapid axon elongation during neuronal development. Here, we report that c-Jun NH2-terminal kinase (JNK)-interacting protein-3 (JIP3) is highly expressed at axon tips during the critical period for axon development. Using gain- and loss-of-function approaches, immunofluorescence analysis, and in utero electroporation, we find that JIP3 can enhance axon elongation in primary hippocampal neurons and cortical neurons in vivo. We further demonstrate that JIP3 promotes axon elongation in a kinesin- and JNK-dependent manner using several deletion mutants of JIP3. Next, we demonstrate that the successful transportation of JIP3 to axon tips by kinesin is a prerequisite for enhancing JNK phosphorylation in this area and therefore promotes axon elongation, constituting a novel mechanism for coupling JIP3 anterograde transport with JNK signaling at the distal axons and axon elongation. Finally, our immunofluorescence data suggest that the activation of JNK at axon tips facilitates axon elongation by modulating cofilin activity and actin filament dynamics. These findings may have important implications for our understanding of neuronal axon elongation during development.
Testing the Validity of the Triplet Deficit Hypothesis for Turkey: Asymmetric Causality Analysis

In this study, the validity was analyzed of the triple deficit hypothesis in Turkey between the years 1960 and 2012. First, the stationarity of positive and negative shocks related to the current account deficit, budget deficit, and savings gap was tested. As a result of unit root tests, it was concluded that all the positive and negative shocks were I(1). Then, the causal relationship was analyzed with regard to the aforesaid shocks of variables by means of an asymmetric causality test. As a result of the asymmetric causality test, bi-directional causality was found between the current account deficit and the budget deficit and between the current account deficit and savings gap. Therefore, it can be concluded that the triple deficit hypothesis is valid in Turkey .
Wage-Productivity Gap in Turkish Manufacturing Sector

Perfectly competitive labor markets without distortionary taxes combined with a profit maximizing behavior of firms should imply that real wages should equal marginal product of labor (MPL). In this paper, we study the Turkish manufacturing industry and find that there exist a significant widening gap between real wages and marginal product of labor over the period 1950-2009. Using different time-series econometric techniques we show that this gap is foremost correlated with the unemployment rate over the period of study. To provide an economic mechanism for this relationship we build a search model of employment with endogenous bargaining. Our model implies that this observation is consistent with declining bargaining power of the workers, which is also supported by the data.
Accuracy Measures for American put Option Pricing Algorithms

I address the dichotomy between American put option pricing theory and the numerical algorithms designed to estimate American put option prices. The literature has focused only on pricing error. However, early exercise is the essence of American option pricing (exercising) and with it comes the possibility of early exercise error and its opportunity costs. I introduce an economically viable metric that identifies all the errors of American put option pricing algorithms. The accuracy of such algorithms can thereby be fully assessed. A rational option pricing result generalises the usual integral equation and motivates pure pricing error. This provides new intuition for the optimality condition for early exercise. Early exercise error is motivated by comparing discounted expected profits generated by the estimated model vs. the optimal early exercise model. The error measure applies to any put pricing algorithm and any benchmark. We illustrate our total error measure with a new algorithm.
Drug Interactions with Oral Contraceptives

In the very rare cases where a pregnancy occurs during oral contraceptive use, the blame is usually laid against the patient for having forgotten to take the pill. Evidence has started to accumulate to suggest that neither the patient nor the pill is at fault in some contraceptive failures. It may be because the patient is taking other medicines and these may be preventing the pill from suppressing ovulation. Most drug interactions reducing or negating contraceptive activity are due to concomitant use of drugs having microsomal enzyme-inducing activity (e.g., some antibiotics, especially rifampicin, and anticonvulsants, including phenobarbital, Phenytoin, and primidone. Other antibiotics (e.g., tetracycline) may also interact by interruption of the enterohepatic circulation of contraceptive steroids. Less well appreciated, oral contraceptive steroids may themselves modify the metabolism and pharmacological activity of various other drugs (e.g., anticoagulants, benzodiazepines, β-blockers, caffeine, corticosteroids, and tricyclic antidepressants); in this respect the oral contraceptives are acting as enzyme inhibitors. Contraceptive steroids may also interact with drugs that cause enzyme inhibition and this delays the metabolism of the hormonal agents. Interactions of this type would be expected to potentiate the action of the contraceptive steroids. It is suggested that the effects of such interaction might be presented in terms of increased incidence of side effects, including water retention, diabetogenic effects, hypertension, and an increased risk of thromboembolic disorders. The spectrum of interactions with oral contraceptives is presented in three tables.
Family-Centered Care

Abstract Recent trends in medicine reflect an attempt to be more patient-centered and while this is progress from the disease- or provider-focused model familiar in healthcare, the experiences and contributions of family as caregivers continue to be overlooked in some settings. The family-centered care model, developed most notably in pediatrics, but emerging in HIV, cancer, and aging, is presented as a resource to increase family involvement at the end of life. In this paper, family-centered care is defined, caregiving trends including support needs of formal and informal caregivers are discussed, and barriers to family-centered services are identified. Reintroducing family into the focus of care at the end of life is the primary goal of this paper. The family-centered model of care offers an appropriate framework for understanding the value of family in end-of-life care and fits well with social work perspectives that understand individuals in the context of their family system and greater environment.
Managing the Dynamic Interfaces Between Culture and Knowledge: A Research Agenda

Many observers have proclaimed the dawning of a new age – known as the new economy or the knowledge economy – in which society itself is on the verge of transformation through the use of knowledge. The flood of literature on the new economy and knowledge society associates a wide range of features to the contemporary business environment. However, when looking beyond the hype, the interest converges around a few of these features. The most distinguishable ones are the unleashed power of creative destruction leading to a call for rapid pace in innovation and the far-reaching impact of the development of digital information and communication technologies. These characteristics can be tracked back to the argument that knowledge has become the most important resource in today’s business environment.
Marketing Channels and Retail Store Density in East Asia

By measuring retail store density with regard to population, several studies have indicated that marketing channels in Asia are different from those in the USA and European countries. The present paper investigates to what extent a model similar to Flath and Nariu (1996) can empirically predict retail densities in Japan and China. The results suggest that the secular decline in the number of retail stores in Japan primarily results from the proliferation of car ownership and the expansion in the average size of a dwelling. We also demonstrate that the model accounts for the large variations in China's retail density. Copyright 2005 East Asian Economic Association.
The isolated pancreatic islet as a micro-organ and its transplantation to cure diabetes

Over the past three decades the pancreatic islet of Langerhans has taken center stage as an endocrine micro-organ whose glucoregulatory function is highly explicable on the basis of the increasingly well understood activities of three highly interactive secretory cells. Islet dysfunction underlies both type 1 and type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM); its protection from immune attack and gluco-and lipo-toxicty may prevent the development of DM; and its replacement by non-surgical transplantation may be curative of DM. During a career marked by vision, focus and tenacity, Paul Lacy contributed substantially to the development of each of these concepts. In this review we focus on Lacy’s contribution to the development of the concept of the islet as a micro-organ, how this foreshadowed our current detailed understanding of single cell function and cell-cell interactions and how this led to a reduced model of islet function encouraging islet transplantation. Next, we examine how clinical allotransplantation, first undertaken by Lacy, has contributed to a more complex view of the interaction of islet endocrine cells with its circulation and neighboring tissues, both “in situ” and after transplantation. Lastly, we consider recent developments in some alternative approaches to treatment of DM that Lacy could glimpse on the horizon but did not have the chance to participate in.
Digestibility and asymmetric information in the choice between acquisitions and joint ventures: where’s the beef?

<In response to our empirical findings that, contrary to the predictions of the information asymmetry hypothesis, joint ventures are not more, but instead less likely when parents belong to different industries, Balakrishnan and Reurer argue that (1) the information asymmetry and the indigestibility hypotheses are theoretically complementary and (2) our results may be affected by the characteristics of our sample. In fact, the goal of our study was not to deny the theoretical validity of alternative theories of joint ventures, but only to ascertain their relative explanatory power. We therefore agree that both theories are complementary, but show that our findings are not explained by our sample, but instead by the way we test the information asymmetry hypothesis. Copyright © 2000 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Labor Migration and Returns to Rural Education in China

This paper provides an answer to the following question: Why do empirical studies find low returns to schooling in rural China, and yet the schooling rates are high? I find that schooling played a significant role in raising the accessibility of urban formal employment to rural people in the late 1970s and early 1980s in the face of the government's restrictive policy on labor migration from rural to urban areas. The large urban-rural income difference provided a strong incentive for senior high school education. The theory also explains the drop in the senior high school attendance in the mid 1980s. Copyright 1997, Oxford University Press.
Functional Characterization of the Recombinant Human C1 Inhibitor Serpin Domain: Insights into Heparin Binding

Variants of the human C1 inhibitor serpin domain containing three N-linked carbohydrates at positions 216, 231, and 330 (C1inhΔ97), a single carbohydrate at position 330 (C1inhΔ97DM), or no carbohydrate were produced in a baculovirus/insect cells system. An N-terminally His-tagged C1inhΔ97 variant was also produced. Removal of the oligosaccharide at position 330 dramatically decreased expression, precluding further analysis. All other variants were characterized chemically and shown to inhibit C1s activity and C1 activation in the same way as native C1 inhibitor. Likewise, they formed covalent complexes with C1s as shown by SDS-PAGE analysis. C1 inhibitor and its variants inhibited the ability of C1r-like protease to activate C1s, but did not form covalent complexes with this protease. The interaction of C1 inhibitor and its variants with heparin was investigated by surface plasmon resonance, yielding KD values of 16.7 × 10−8 M (C1 inhibitor), 2.3 × 10−8 M (C1inhΔ97), and 3.6 × 10−8 M (C1inhΔ97DM). C1s also bound to heparin, with lower affinity (KD = 108 × 10−8 M). Using the same technique, 50% inhibition of the binding of C1 inhibitor and C1s to heparin was achieved using heparin oligomers containing eight and six saccharide units, respectively. These values roughly correlate with the size of 10 saccharide units yielding half-maximal potentiation of the inhibition of C1s activity by C1 inhibitor, consistent with a “sandwich” mechanism. Using a thermal shift assay, heparin was shown to interact with the C1s serine protease domain and the C1 inhibitor serpin domain, increasing and decreasing their thermal stability, respectively.
The Effects of Foot Position and Load on Tibial Nerve Tension

Patients with tarsal tunnel syndrome of unknown etiology do poorly after surgical decompression. Although surgical decompression addresses the soft tissue constraints, it ignores the role of osseous support. Some authors have suggested that a pes planus deformity (i.e., valgus hindfoot and abducted forefoot) is an unrecognized cause of tarsal tunnel syndrome due to increased tibial nerve tension. An in vitro study was performed on nine cadaveric feet to determine the effects of foot position and load on tibial nerve tension. Tensile forces placed through the tibial nerve were measured when the foot was placed in dorsiflexion, eversion, combined dorsiflexion-eversion, and then under cyclical load and increasing internal rotation at 5° increments from 0° to 20°. The nerve tension was reassessed after the creation of a pes planus deformity under the previous conditions. Tibial nerve tension in the stable and unstable foot was significantly increased by eversion, dorsiflexion, and combined dorsiflexion-eversion. Tibial nerve tension was significantly greater in an unstable foot when compared with a stable foot during eversion, dorsiflexion, and combined dorsiflexion-eversion. In the stable foot, tibial nerve tension was significantly increased during axial loading with increasing internal rotation when compared with 0° rotation. The increased tibial nerve tension in the stable foot was significant with increasing internal rotation when 0° was compared with 10°, 15°, and 20°. In the unstable foot, the tibial nerve tension was significantly increased with increasing internal rotation compared with the nerve tension at 0° of rotation. The increased tibial nerve tension in the unstable foot was significant with increasing internal rotation when 0° was compared with 5°, 10°, 15°, and 20°. When stability of the foot and internal rotation were compared independently, each factor increased tibial nerve tension. However, these factors acting together did not significantly compound the increase in nerve tension. This study demonstrates that tibial nerve tension is increased in an unstable foot compared with a stable foot during eversion, dorsiflexion, combined dorsiflexion-eversion, and cyclical load with increasing internal rotation.
Determinants of Control System Design in Divisionalized Firms

We investigate two determinants of two choices in the control system of divisionalized firms, namely decentralization and use of performance measures. The two determinants are those identified in the literature as important to control system design: (1) information asymmetries between corporate and divisional managers and (2) division interdependencies. We treat decentralization and performance measurement choices as endogenous variables and examine the interrelation among these choices using a simultaneous equation model. Using data from 78 divisions, our results indicate that decentralization is positively related to the level of information asymmetries and negatively to intrafirm interdependencies, while the use of performance measures is affected by the level of interdependencies among divisions within the firm, but not by information asymmetries. We find some evidence that decentralization choice and use of performance measures are complementary.
Detection of colon cancer by continuous-wave terahertz polarization imaging technique

Abstract. We demonstrate a reflective, continuous-wave terahertz (THz) imaging system to acquire ex vivo images of fresh human colonic excisions. Reflection measurements of 5-mm-thick sections of colorectal tissues were obtained using a polarization-specific detection technique. Two-dimensional THz reflection images of both normal and cancerous colon tissues with a spatial resolution of 0.6 mm were acquired using an optically pumped far-infrared molecular gas laser. Good contrast has been observed between normal and tumorous tissues at 584 GHz frequency. The resulting THz reflection images compared with the tissue histology showed a correlation between cancerous region and increased reflection. We hypothesize that the imaging system and polarization techniques are capable of registering reflectance differences between cancerous and normal colon. However, further investigations are necessary to completely understand the source mechanism behind the contrast and confirm the hypothesis; if true, it likely represents the first continuous-wave THz reflection imaging technique to show sufficient contrast to identify colon tumor margins. Also, it may represent a significant step forward in clinical endoscopic application of THz technology to aid in in vivo colorectal cancer screening.
The Enduring Importance of Public-Sector Compensation Special Issue Introduction

The increasing amount of new research on government compensation highlights the topic's importance in the public sector. The articles presented here range from an innovative assessment of how state government compensation compares with the private sector to evaluations of local and state government pay policies. Together, the pieces introduce new techniques and assess long-standing practices to appraise the current status of public-sector compensation policy. The combination emphasizes the fundamental goal of ensuring internal and external equity within a flexible compensation system.
THE RISING POLARIZATION OF WORK IN BRITAIN

This paper argues that skill-biased technical change has some deficiencies as a hypothesis about the impact of technology on the labor market and that a more nuanced view recently proposed by Autor, Levy and Murnane [2003] is a more accurate description. The difference between the two hypotheses is in the prediction about what is happening to employment in low-wage jobs. This paper presents evidence that employment in the UK is polarizing into lovely and lousy jobs and that a plausible explanation for this is the Autor, Levy and Murnane hypothesis.
Asymmetric Cross-Market Volatility Spillovers: Evidence from Daily Data on Equity and Foreign Exchange Markets

We investigate cross-market volatility spillover effects across New York and London foreign exchange and equity markets. By using several daily data-sets, each relating to a different time of the day, and the generalized autoregressive conditional heteroscedasticity approach, the empirical analysis found volatility spillover effects (meteor shower effects) from the foreign exchange market in London and New York to the equity market in New York and London, respectively. By contrast, the results did not show volatility spillover effects from the equity markets to the foreign exchange markets across New York and London. Copyright 2001 by Blackwell Publishers Ltd and The Victoria University of Manchester
Financial Literacy Among American Indians and Alaska Natives

This study uses data from the Health and Retirement Study (HRS) to analyze financial literacy within the American Indian and Alaska Native (AIAN) population. The HRS is a nationally representative longitudinal survey of individuals aged 50 or older and their spouses. The study compares AIAN financial literacy scores from an 18-question financial literacy module with those from other racial groups, all of whom score higher than the AIAN sample.
Fully Depleted Silicon on Insulator Devices CMOS: The 28-nm Node Is the Perfect Technology for Analog, RF, mmW, and Mixed-Signal System-on-Chip Integration

The race on the Complementary Metal-Oxide-Semiconductor (CMOS) More Moore integration scale has brought to light several major limitations for efficient planar process integration starting with the 40 nm technology node. The transistor channel was more and more difficult to control in terms of electrostatics, and many process engineering methods (such as, for example, Silicon strain) were used to provide transistors with good carrier speed and decent electrical characteristics. Starting from the 28-nm node, the obvious solution for transistors with increased electrical performances was the use of fully depleted devices. Two integration methods have been identified by the semiconductor industry for these fully depleted devices: Fully Depleted Silicon on Insulator (FD-SOI) CMOS and Fin-FET CMOS devices. While the fundamental carrier semiconductor equations are similar, the process integration is very different. This article focuses on planar FDSOI CMOS technology features as integrated by STMicroelectronics in the 28-nm node [1], [2], and its specificities for analog, radio frequency (RF), millimeter wave (mmW), and mixed signal systemon-chip (SoC) integration.