Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Geant4 developments and applications

Geant4 is a software toolkit for the simulation of the passage of particles through matter. It is used by a large number of experiments and projects in a variety of application domains, including high energy physics, astrophysics and space science, medical physics and radiation protection. Its functionality and modeling capabilities continue to be extended, while its performance is enhanced. An overview of recent developments in diverse areas of the toolkit is presented. These include performance optimization for complex setups; improvements for the propagation in fields; new options for event biasing; and additions and improvements in geometry, physics processes and interactive capabilities
Dialogical Existence seen as a Social Relation and its Impact to the Life with Diversity

Abstract This article compares the philosophical concept of dialogical existence of Martin Buber with the sociological one from Pierpaolo Donati, which put its focus on the phenomena of social relationship. After a short introduction in the discussion of the concept of dialogue in different sciences, the first paragraph will deal with the concept of “social relationship” by Pierpaolo Donati. It gives a short overview of its main statements, characteristics and its placing in the contemporary sociological discussion. The second chapter will present the basic ideas of the concept of “dialogical existence” from Martin Buber, showing his differentiation of various types of dialogue as well as the characteristics of the two basic relationships “I-THOU” and “I-IT”. The common points and the differences of these two concepts are presented in a third part. The outdrawn similarities leads to the conclusion that, even if both concepts are not concurrent, the “dialogical existence” can be seen as one form of “social relationship. The dialogical method of the Focolare Movement is presented in a forth part. It is a concrete example of how the “dialogical existence” can forge in a “social relationship” with special features and gives a glance on how the two concepts could be connected with each other. Connecting theories from different fields of research and concrete examples, this article wants to give a contribution to a wider discussion of the concept of dialogue.
Atm Forum Document Number: Atm Forumm99-0403 Title: a F Ramework for Virtual Channel onto Virtual Path Multiplexing in Atm-abr Source: Distribution: Atm Forum Technical Working Group Members Af-tm

Abstract: This contribution proposes an algorithm for aggregating ABR virtual channel connections (VCCs) onto ABR virtual path connections (VPCs). ABR VPCs are particularly useful for connecting enterprise sites over the Internet, providing a virtual private network (VPN). The VPC/VCC hierarchy is also important for supporting Internet di erentiated services over ATM. The coupling between the ow control mechanisms for VCCs and VPCs is not standardized. In this contribution, we propose fairness de nitions for VPC bandwidth allocation, and describe an explicit rate algorithm for allocating the VPC capacity to the multiplexed VCCs. Preliminary simulation results indicate that the algorithm achieves the required fair allocations, while controlling queue sizes.
Price Cap Regulation Preliminary version

We study the effect of price cap regulation on investment in new capacity in an oligopolistic (Cournot) industry. We use a continuous time model with stochastic demand. The contribution of this paper is both theoretical and practical. On the theoretical side, we show that there exists an optimal price cap that maximizes investment incentives. Just as in the case of deterministic demand, the optimal price cap is independent of market concentration. However, unlike the deterministic case, we show that this price cap does not restore the competitive equilibrium; there is still under-investment and companies are still enjoying positive rents. On the practical side, we perform sensitivity analysis, comparative statics and monte carlo simulations to examine the effect of price cap regulation at different levels of demand volatility, market concentration and lead times. The findings demonstrate that price cap regulation is ineffective in increasing investment in volatile markets, with high concentration and significant lead times. This casts doubts to whether price cap regulation can be effective in mitigating market power in liberalized electricity markets.
A survey of systems for massive stream analytics

The immense growth of data demands switching from traditional data processing solutions to systems, which can process a continuous stream of real time data. Various applications employ stream processing systems to provide solutions to emerging Big Data problems. Open-source solutions such as Storm, Spark Streaming, and S4 are the attempts to answer key stream processing questions. The recent introduction of real time stream processing commercial solutions such as Amazon Kinesis, IBM Infosphere Stream reflect industry requirements. The system and application related challenges to handle massive stream of real time data analytics are an active field of research. In this paper, we present a comparative analysis of the existing state-of-the-art stream processing solutions. We also include various application domains, which are transforming their business model to benefit from these large scale stream processing systems.
OPERATOR INTERACTION WITH MODEL-BASED PREDICTIVE CONTROLLERS IN PETROCHEMICAL REFINING

In this paper, we compare the advanced automation characteristics of Model-based Predictive Controllers (MPC) employed in process control to the more thoroughly studied Flight Management System (FMS) employed in airline cockpits. Our analysis shows that operator interaction with cockpit automation and MPC automation may differ in terms of the level of the control loops at which human control actions are directed. Cockpit automation appears to afford human control actions at outer loops through the specification of a flight path or selection of control modes and flight-path parameters. Inner loops, such as the control of flight surfaces, are controlled by the automation. In contrast, MPC affords operator control at the control variable level because operators are required to manipulate limits on those variables. Outer loops are managed by the automation. These differences in level may explain why we observed refinery operators asking questions of the automation pertaining to control intervention whereas reported studies of pilots interaction with cockpit automation do not. This could also explain why we did not observe refinery operators having difficulty with automated mode changes, whereas reports from FMS interaction show that mode discrimination is a difficult and challenging task.
New reader anti-collision algorithm for dense RFID environments

In dense Radio Frequency Identification environments, several readers are placed in the same area to scan a large number of tags covering a wide distance range. The placement of the RFID elements may result in several types of collisions. This paper proposes a new distributed multi-channel algorithm to solve the reader collision problems in dense RFID environments. The proposed algorithm aims at minimizing the identification delay, collision probabilities, and network overheads. We have evaluated the performance of the proposed approach and compared it to several reader collision solutions found in the literature such as NFRA, Dica and McMac. The results show that the proposed approach reduces reader collisions while minimizing the total interrogation time and the network overheads.
A Comparative Study of Aggression Behaviour and Adjustment Variables of Sports and Non-Sports Persons

The purpose of the study was to find out the comparison of aggressive Behaviour and adjustment variables of sports and non-sports persons of Hisar District. The samples of the study was conducted on 250 male subjects (125 sports persons and 125 nonsports persons) were tested for the collection of data who had participated at least in a state level tournaments of the football games. The age ranged between 18-25 years aggression is the behaviour in which there is intention to injure another. It is the result out of a number of forces acting both within the upon the individual at the same time. Adjustment –consists of psychological process by means of which individual manage to cope with various demands and processes of life. Further the data of aggression level was collected through Dr. G.C. Pati and Adjustment Inventory was collected by professor H.S. Asthana and data was analysis by ‘t’ test. After comparing of the present data it was found that sports person were high in aggressive behaviour and adjustment variables. Keyword: Aggression, Adjustment, Sports Person, Non-Sports Person
From the Tunnels into the Treetops: New Lineages of Black Yeasts from Biofilm in the Stockholm Metro System and Their Relatives among Ant-Associated Fungi in the Chaetothyriales

Rock-inhabiting fungi harbour species-rich, poorly differentiated, extremophilic taxa of polyphyletic origin. Their closest relatives are often well-known species from various biotopes with significant pathogenic potential. Speleothems represent a unique rock-dwelling habitat, whose mycobiota are largely unexplored. Isolation of fungi from speleothem biofilm covering bare granite walls in the Kungsträdgården metro station in Stockholm yielded axenic cultures of two distinct black yeast morphotypes. Phylogenetic analyses of DNA sequences from six nuclear loci, ITS, nuc18S and nuc28S rDNA, rpb1, rpb2 and β-tubulin, support their placement in the Chaetothyriales (Ascomycota). They are described as a new genus Bacillicladium with the type species B. lobatum, and a new species Bradymyces graniticola. Bacillicladium is distantly related to the known five chaetothyrialean families and is unique in the Chaetothyriales by variable morphology showing hyphal, meristematic and yeast-like growth in vitro. The nearest relatives of Bacillicladium are recruited among fungi isolated from cardboard-like construction material produced by arboricolous non-attine ants. Their sister relationship is weakly supported by the Maximum likelihood analysis, but strongly supported by Bayesian inference. The genus Bradymyces is placed amidst members of the Trichomeriaceae and is ecologically undefined; it includes an opportunistic animal pathogen while two other species inhabit rock surfaces. ITS rDNA sequences of three species accepted in Bradymyces and other undescribed species and environmental samples were subjected to phylogenetic analysis and in-depth comparative analysis of ITS1 and ITS2 secondary structures in order to study their intraspecific variability. Compensatory base change criterion in the ITS2 secondary structure supported delimitation of species in Bradymyces, which manifest a limited number of phenotypic features useful for species recognition. The role of fungi in the speleothem biofilm and relationships of Bacillicladium and Bradymyces with other members of the Chaetothyriales are discussed.
THE EMU AFTER THREE YEARS: LESSONS AND CHALLENGES

The paper provides an analysis of the first three years of the European Monetary Union. It discusses the changeover to Euro notes, the performance of monetary policy in terms of price stability and real growth, the establishment of credibility for the ECB, and the two pillar strategy. The weakness of the euro's exchange value during the first three years is explained. Some aspects of the eastern enlargement of the eurozone are examined especially the problems that may be associated with the lack of real convergence. Other issues such as the importance of a Balassa-Samuelson effect and the need for appropriate fiscal policies are discussed.
MPI runtime error detection with MUST: Advances in deadlock detection

The widely used Message Passing Interface (MPI) is complex and rich. As a result, application developers require automated tools to avoid and to detect MPI programming errors. We present the Marmot Umpire Scalable Tool (MUST) that detects such errors with significantly increased scalability. We present improvements to our graph-based deadlock detection approach for MPI, which cover future MPI extensions. Our enhancements also check complex MPI constructs that no previous graph-based detection approach handled correctly. Finally, we present optimizations for the processing of MPI operations that reduce runtime deadlock detection overheads. Existing approaches often require O(p) analysis time per MPI operation, for p processes. We empirically observe that our improvements lead to sub-linear or better analysis time per operation for a wide range of real world applications.
Markov random field-based clustering of vibration data

A safe traversal of a mobile robot in an unknown environment requires the determination of local ground surface properties. As a first step, a broad structure of the underlying environment can be established by clustering terrain sections which exhibit similar features. In this work, we focus on an unsupervised learning approach to segment different terrain types according to the clustering of acquired vibration signals. Therefore, we present a Markov random field-based clustering approach taking the inherent temporal dependencies between consecutive measurements into account. The applied generative model assumes that the class labels of neighboring vibration segments are generated by prior distributions with similar parameters. A temporally constrained expectation maximization algorithm enables the efficient estimation of its parameters considering a predefined set of neighboring vibration segments. Since the size of the neighbor set proves to be data-dependent, we derive a general means of estimating this set size from the observed data. We show that the Markov random field clustering approach generates valid models for a variety of driving speeds even in situations of frequent terrain changes.
The Effect of 1/f Noise on the Spectrum and the Jitter of a Free Running Oscillator

The effect of 1/f noise on a free running oscillator signal is examined in this paper. Expressions for the accumulated jitter and for the near-carrier spectrum that depend on the observation time are presented. They are based on a random frequency modulation approach. In conjunction with the well-known effects of white noise, a comprehensive basis for the interpretation of the oscillator jitter and spectrum is given. Measurements support the presented relations
An Energy-Efficient All-Digital UWB Transmitter Employing Dual Capacitively-Coupled Pulse-Shaping Drivers

This paper presents an all-digital, non-coherent, pulsed-UWB transmitter. By exploiting relaxed center frequency tolerances in non-coherent wideband communication, the transmitter synthesizes UWB pulses from an energy-efficient, single-ended digital ring oscillator. Dual capacitively coupled digital power amplifiers (PAs) are used in tandem to attenuate low frequency content typically associated with single-ended digital circuits driving single-ended antennas. Furthermore, four level digital pulse shaping is employed to attenuate RF sidelobes, resulting in FCC compliant operation in the 3.5, 4.0, and 4.5 GHz IEEE 802.15. 4a bands without the use of any off-chip filters or large passive components. The transmitter is fabricated in a 90 nm CMOS process and occupies a core area of 0.07 mm2 . The entirely digital architecture consumes zero static bias current, resulting in an energy efficiency of 17.5 pJ/pulse at data rates up to 15.6 Mb/s.
Conceptual dynamical models for turbulence

Significance Understanding the complexity of anisotropic turbulent processes in engineering and environmental fluid flows is a formidable challenge with practical significance because energy often flows intermittently from the smaller scales to impact the largest scales in these flows. These complex features strongly impact practical prediction, uncertainty quantification, and data assimilation strategies in such anisotropic turbulent systems. The large scales in turbulence are chaotic whereas the small scales with low variance have relatively frequent extreme events––intermittency––which can impact the large scales. Here conceptual dynamical models of turbulence are developed which, despite their simplicity, capture many of these key features of anisotropic turbulent systems in a qualitative fashion. The paper is a self-contained treatment of these conceptual models and their properties. Understanding the complexity of anisotropic turbulent processes in engineering and environmental fluid flows is a formidable challenge with practical significance because energy often flows intermittently from the smaller scales to impact the largest scales in these flows. Conceptual dynamical models for anisotropic turbulence are introduced and developed here which, despite their simplicity, capture key features of vastly more complicated turbulent systems. These conceptual models involve a large-scale mean flow and turbulent fluctuations on a variety of spatial scales with energy-conserving wave–mean-flow interactions as well as stochastic forcing of the fluctuations. Numerical experiments with a six-dimensional conceptual dynamical model confirm that these models capture key statistical features of vastly more complex anisotropic turbulent systems in a qualitative fashion. These features include chaotic statistical behavior of the mean flow with a sub-Gaussian probability distribution function (pdf) for its fluctuations whereas the turbulent fluctuations have decreasing energy and correlation times at smaller scales, with nearly Gaussian pdfs for the large-scale fluctuations and fat-tailed non-Gaussian pdfs for the smaller-scale fluctuations. This last feature is a manifestation of intermittency of the small-scale fluctuations where turbulent modes with small variance have relatively frequent extreme events which directly impact the mean flow. The dynamical models introduced here potentially provide a useful test bed for algorithms for prediction, uncertainty quantification, and data assimilation for anisotropic turbulent systems.
Should Policy Makers Strive for Neighborhood Social Mix? An Analysis of the Western European Evidence Base

The paper presents an analytical framework for elucidating the equity and social efficiency criteria that might be used to justify a housing policy aiming for a substantial mix of neighborhood residents by income, ethnicity and/or immigrant status. This framework permits the classification of multivariate statistical studies comprising the Western European evidence base and shows the importance of distinguishing intra- and extra-neighborhood processes when evaluating evidence related to the efficiency criterion. Evaluation of the evidence base in light of this framework reveals that it sufficiently supports a mixing policy aimed at avoiding concentrations of disadvantaged individuals if, and only if, policy makers emphasize equity grounds (i.e. improving the well-being of the disadvantaged absolutely). The evidence base does not support a mixing policy on efficiency grounds, regardless of whether intra-neighborhood social interactions or extra-neighborhood stigmatization/resource restrictions are presumed to be the primary causal mechanism for neighborhood effects.
Adam Smith's marketplace of life

Introduction 1. Adam Smith's moral theory, part one: sympathy and the impartial spectator procedure 2. Smith's moral theory, part two: conscience and human nature 3. The marketplace of morality 4. The 'Adam Smith problem' 5. The market model and the familiarity principle: solving the 'Adam Smith problem' 6. Justifying smithian moral standards 7. The unintended order of human social life: Language, marketplaces, and morality Conclusion.
Text-to-Text Similarity of Sentences

Assessing the semantic similarity between two texts is a central task in many applications, including summarization, intelligent tutoring systems, and software testing. Similarity of texts is typically explored at the level of word, sentence, paragraph, and document. The similarity can be defined quantitatively, e.g. in the form of a normalized value between 0 and 1, and qualitatively in the form of semantic relations such as elaboration, entailment, or paraphrase. In this chapter, we focus first on measuring quantitatively and then on detecting qualitatively sentence-level text-to-text semantic relations. A generic approach that relies on word-to-word similarity measures is presented as well as experiments and results obtained with various instantiations of the approach. In addition, we provide results of a study on the role of weighting in Latent Semantic Analysis, a statistical technique to assess similarity of texts. The results were obtained on two data sets: a standard data set on sentence-level paraphrase detection and a data set from an intelligent tutoring system.
Detecting early worm propagation based on entropy

In this paper, we present a router-based system to identify worm attacks by computing entropy values of selected packet attributes. We first compute during a training phase a profile of entropy values of the selected packet attributes. Then Chebyshev's inequality is utilized after the training phase to calculate the normal bound of entropy value with a low probability of a false positive. The detector compares new data against the bound and generates an alert when the new input exceeds the normal bound. The detection accuracy and performance are analyzed using live traffic traces. The results indicate that this approach can be effective against current worm attacks.
A Gesture Control Framework Targeting High-Resolution Video Wall Displays

This recent advances in display and user interface technologies create new opportunities for participatory urban planning. Whereas touch screens enable direct screen interactions for intuitive remodeling of urban simulations, high resolution video walls offer true-to-life or human-scale scenario visualizations. Multi-touch screen environments finally function as an interactive user interface for the entire urban simulation pipeline. However intuitive and preferably natural interactions for simple reconfiguration, overarching tool management or complex tool interaction remain a major challenge. For this reason we have implemented a gesture recognition framework that uses multimodal input devices to satisfy all gesture use cases and integrates a display management system for seamless interaction with our multi-screen infrastructure. To understand the implications of this novel approach, we conducted preliminary user trials with urban planning experts and technicians. The results indicated that the system provides a fluid and natural user experience for exploring and analyzing urban planning data.
On real-time physical systems

This paper introduces a class of real-time systems denoted as Real-Time Physical Systems (RTPS), in which a physical quantity of interest is associated with a real-time resource. The physical quantity behavior is determined by scheduling events generated by a real-time scheduling algorithm. RTPS systems aim to generalize some existing models used in real-time computing systems, namely power-aware and temperature-aware systems. Moreover, they have been conceived to put a bridge across real-time systems and the rapidly growing research field of Cyber-Physical Systems. In this paper we focus on a specific physical system where a state variable changes with an exponential decay behavior and the associated real-time resource must be scheduled in order to bound the value of the state variable within the desired working range. The aim is to determine the relationship between those physical and real-time parameters. For this purpose interesting properties are highlighted and relevant results are derived regarding the considered system model.