Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
SGR 0418+5729: A SMALL INCLINATION ANGLE RESULTING IN A NOT SO LOW DIPOLE MAGNETIC FIELD?

The spin-down behaviors of SGR 0418+5729 are investigated. The pulsar spin-down model of Contopoulos and Spitkovsky is applied to SGR 0418+5729. It is shown that SGR 0418+5729 lies below the pulsar death line and its rotation-powered magnetospheric activities may therefore have stopped. The compact star is now spun down by the magnetic dipole moment perpendicular to its rotation axis. Our calculations show that under these assumptions there is the possibility of SGR 0418+5729 having a strong dipole magnetic field, if there is a small magnetic inclination angle. Its dipole magnetic field may be much higher than the characteristic magnetic field. Therefore, SGR 0418+5729 may be a normal magnetar instead of a low magnetic field magnetar.
Quantum logic gates for superconducting resonator qudits

We study quantum information processing using superpositions of Fock states in superconducting resonators as quantum d-level systems (qudits). A universal set of single and coupled logic gates is theoretically proposed for resonators coupled by superconducting circuits of Josephson junctions. These gates use experimentally demonstrated interactions and provide an attractive route to quantum information processing using harmonic oscillator modes.
Global freshwater assessment of establishment risk of invasive Alligator gar ( Atractosteus spatula) and risks to freshwater ecosystems in China

Based on an extensive review of literature sources and news reports, we collected 50 records of sightings or capture of Alligator gars in China, India, Iraq, Philippines, and other countries (Supplementary Table S1). For ecological niche modeling, we collected distribution data of the native Alligator gar population in North America from the Global Biodiversity Information Facility (GBIF, www.gbif.org). We only selected and used data from 2000 to 2020, with a geographical accuracy higher than 1 km. We used Google Earth to eliminate records located on terrestrial land or sea areas as non-representative environmental indicators and used ArcGIS (v10.7) to randomly select samples at a nearest neighbor distance of 5 km (same as the geographical resolution of the environmental variables), resulting in 132 Alligator gar records within its native range. As we suspect this species is in the early stage of invasion in some countries, comprehensive data on its settlement range and time outside its native habitat are limited. Consequently, only records of the native Alligator gar population were used in modeling.
Charged rotating black string in gravitating nonlinear electromagnetic fields

We construct a new class of charged rotating black string solutions coupled to a nonlinear electromagnetic field in the background of anti-de Sitter spaces. We consider two types of nonlinear electromagnetic field namely, logarithmic and exponential forms. We investigate the geometric effects of nonlinearity parameter and find that for large $r$, these solutions recover the rotating back string solutions of Einstein-Maxwell theory. We calculate the conserved and thermodynamic quantities of the rotating black string. We also analyze thermodynamics of the spacetime and verify the validity of the first law of thermodynamics for the obtained solutions.
Effects of Dietary Tannic Acid on Growth, Digestion, Immunity and Resistance to Ammonia Stress, and Intestinal Microbial Community in Pacific White Shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei)

Tannic acid (TA) has great potential as a new feed additive. In this study, we investigated the effects of dietary TA on growth, digestion, nonspecific immunity, and resistance to ammonia stress and intestinal microbiota in Litopenaeus vannamei. The shrimp were fed diets containing different levels of TA: 0 mg/kg (TA-0), 200 mg/kg (TA-200), 400 mg/kg (TA-400), and 800 mg/kg (TA-800) for 56 days, followed by acute ammonia stress for 48 h. The results showed that dietary TA increased the survival rate of the TA-800 group. Dietary TA could improve the morphology of the hepatopancreas and intestinal tissues. After feeding different levels of TA for 56 days, the activities of amylase (AMS) and trypsin (Tryp) were increased, but the activity of lipase (LPS) was decreased. The activities of T-AOC, SOD, and PPO were higher in the hepatopancreas of the three TA treatment groups (p < 0.05). When shrimp were exposed to ammonia stress for 48 h, the activity of immune enzymes (LZM, T-AOC and SOD) and the expression levels of immune genes (LZM, proPO and Cu/Zn-SOD) were higher in the three TA treatment groups (p < 0.05). Furthermore, dietary TA also changed the composition of intestinal microflora by increasing the abundance of Planctomycetes, but decreasing the abundance of Bacteroides and Proteobacteria. The abundance of Rhodopirellula, Ruegeria, and Rhodobacter were higher, but that of Paracoccus, Algoriphagus, Cellvibrio, Flavobacteriaceae, and Bacteroides were lower in response to dietary TA. These results revealed that dietary TA had a positive effect on growth and intestinal microbial composition and enhanced the immune response to ammonia stress in shrimp. Therefore, TA can be a potential natural alternative antibiotic substitute for feed additives in shrimp, and the appropriate supplemental dosage is 400–800 mg/kg in the diet.
Ionizing wave via high‐power HF acceleration

Recent ionospheric modification experiments with the 3.6 MW transmitter at the High Frequency Active Auroral Research Program (HAARP) facility in Alaska led to discovery of artificial ionization descending from the nominal interaction altitude in the background F‐region ionosphere by ∼60 km. This paper presents a physical model of an ionizing wavefront created by suprathermal electrons accelerated by the HF‐excited plasma turbulence.
THE FRAGMENTATION OF MAGNETIZED, MASSIVE STAR-FORMING CORES WITH RADIATIVE FEEDBACK

We present a set of three-dimensional, radiation-magnetohydrodynamic calculations of the gravitational collapse of massive (300 M☉), star-forming molecular cloud cores. We show that the combined effects of magnetic fields and radiative feedback strongly suppress core fragmentation, leading to the production of single-star systems rather than small clusters. We find that the two processes are efficient at suppressing fragmentation in different regimes, with the feedback most effective in the dense, central region and the magnetic field most effective in more diffuse, outer regions. Thus, the combination of the two is much more effective at suppressing fragmentation than either one considered in isolation. Our work suggests that typical massive cores, which have mass-to-flux ratios of about 2 relative to critical, likely form a single-star system, but that cores with weaker fields may form a small star cluster. This result helps us understand why the observed relationship between the core mass function and the stellar initial mass function holds even for ∼100 M☉ cores with many thermal Jeans masses of material. We also demonstrate that a ∼40 AU Keplerian disk is able to form in our simulations, despite the braking effect caused by the strong magnetic field.
Conditional generative adversarial networks: introduction and application

Conditional Generative Adversarial Networks (GANs) play an important role in the field of computer vision. Its strength not only lies in its stronger feature extraction ability than traditional algorithms but also has achieved unprecedented success in the mutual game method of two different neural networks. The so-called dual network in GAN is called generator and discriminator. The generator generates a picture close to the expected value by inputting the deep learning network. The discriminator judges whether the image generated by the generator is true. Therefore, the mutual training purpose of the two models is to generate high-quality images infinitely close to the specified features. This paper mainly analyzes the basic network structure of Conditional GAN and its practical application in the fields of image generation, image style transformation, font style transformation, and natural language processing. Different branches of Conditional GAN and optimization methods such as InfoGAN, CycleGAN, StackGAN, McGAN, Conditional SeqGAN are also described. In general, GAN has an unprecedented impact on computer vision and image processing with NLP. At the same time, it also has great potential for future development.
Polar-ring galaxies: the SDSS view on the symbiotic galaxies

Polar-ring galaxies are multi-spin systems, showing star formation in a blue late-type component, perpendicular to a red early-type one, revealing how galaxy formation can sometimes occur in successive steps. We perform two-dimensional decomposition in the $g$, $r$, $i$ bandpasses of 50 polar-ring galaxies (PRGs) from the Sloan Digital Sky Survey. Each object was fit with a S\'ersic host galaxy and a S\'ersic ring. Our general results are: (i) The central (host) galaxies of the PRGs are non-dwarf sub-$L^{\ast}$ galaxies with colors typical for early-type galaxies. (ii) Polar structures in our sample are, on average, fainter and bluer than their host galaxies. (iii) In most galaxies, the stellar mass M$_*$ of the polar component is not negligible in comparison with that of the host. (iv) The distributions of the host galaxies on the size -- luminosity and Kormendy diagrams are shifted by $\sim 1^m$ to fainter magnitudes in comparison with E/S0 galaxies. It means that the PRGs hosts are more similar to quenched disks than to ordinary early-type galaxies. (v) All the PRGs in our sample are detected in mid-infrared by WISE, and we derive from the 22$\mu$m luminosity their star formation rate (SFR). Their SFR/M$_*$ ratio is larger than for the early-type galaxy sample of Atlas$^{\rm 3D}$, showing that the star forming disk brings a significant contribution to the new stars. Globally, PRGs appear frequently on the green valley in the mass-color diagram, revealing the symbiotic character between a red-sequence host and a blue cloud ring.
Nonlocal noise cross correlation mediated by entangled Majorana fermions

Due to their nonlocality, qubits nested in Majorana bound states may be the key to realize decoherence-free quantum computation. Majorana bound states could be achieved at the ends of a one-dimensional topological superconductor. However, when the bound states couple directly to electron reservoirs their nonlocal correlation is quenched by local Andreev reflections. Here we propose a scheme to generate nonlocal noise cross correlation between two well-separated quantum dots, mediated by a pair of Majorana bound states. Both positive and negative cross correlations can be obtained by tuning the gate voltages applied to the dots. Within a limited range of finite temperatures, the cross correlation is not suppressed by thermal fluctuations. Furthermore, we show how the local Andreev reflections suppress the noise cross correlation when multiple dot energy levels are coupled to the Majorana bound states. The measurable cross correlation is expected to serve as a sensitive indicator for the generation of Majorana fermions.
A Noise Sensitivity Theorem for Schreier Graphs

Abstract. During the past 15 years, several extensions of the concept of noise sensitivity first coined in [3], has been studied. One such extension was studied in ? , where the definition of noise sensitivity was extended to noise corresponding to any sequence of irreducible and reversible Markov chains. In this paper we focus on the case where the Markov chain is a random walk on a Schreier graph, and show that the Benjamini-Kalai-Schramm theorem, connecting influences to noise sensitivity, holds in this setting. We then apply this result to give an alternative proof of one of the main results from a recent paper on exclusion sensitivity by Broman, Garban and Steif.
Feedline Design for a Series-Fed Binomial Microstrip Antenna Array With No Sidelobes

In this letter, a novel feedline configuration is proposed to eliminate the sidelobes by controlling the current distribution. This is achieved by adjusting the widths of the feedline of a series-fed microstrip antenna array. Even–odd mode analysis is provided to understand the effect of the feedline widths on current distribution. A binomial series-fed five-element microstrip antenna array is designed with the proposed feedline. The designed microstrip series-fed binomial array has no sidelobes in the radiation pattern with a realized gain of 11.1 dBi at the resonance frequency with 80% efficiency. It has a cross-polar level of $-$40 dB and a front-to-back ratio of 20 dB. A prototype of the proposed design has been realized. The simulated and measured results are in good agreement.
Core Synergies Measured with Ultrasound in Subjects with Chronic Non-Specific Low Back Pain and Healthy Subjects: A Systematic Review

Low back pain represents the leading cause of disability since 1990. In 90% of cases, it is classified as non-specific low back pain, being chronic in 10% of subjects. Ultrasound has proven to be an effective measurement tool to observe changes in the activity and morphology of the abdominal muscles. This article reviews which core synergies are studied with ultrasound in healthy subjects and with chronic non-specific low back pain. A systematic review was conducted on studies analyzing synergies between two or more core muscles. Publications from 2005 until July 2021 were identified by performing structured searched in Pubmed/MEDLINE, PEDro and WOS. Fifteen studies were eligible for the final systematic review. A total of 56% of the studies established synergies between the core muscles and 44% between the homo and contralateral sides of the core muscles. The most studied core synergies were transversus abdominis, internal oblique and external oblique followed by the rectus abdominis and the lumbar multifidus. No studies establishing synergies with diaphragm and pelvic floor were found. Eight studies were conducted in healthy subjects, five studies in subjects with chronic non-specific low back pain compared to healthy subjects and two studies in subjects with chronic non-specific low back pain.
Conversion of Coal-Biomass into Diesel by Using Aspen Plus

Taking the importance of Pakistan’s dire need for energy breakthrough, in this paper, we explore how the country’s vast estimated reserves of 175 billion tons of Thar coal is a useful source for the clean and efficient production of good quality liquid fuel. Coal to liquid (CTL) technology has gathered increasing attention among many countries with a sufficient volume of coal reserves, and this technology can also be implemented in Pakistan, which in result can also reduce harmful greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions in the environment. In this study, the Fischer Tropsch Synthesis (FT) liquefaction method was used, and the reactor design, chemical reactions, syngas ratio fraction, and Anderson-Schulz-Flory and Langmuir model were all obtained from the Aspen Plus simulation. The results showed that, at the optimum syngas flow rate of 9 Kg/s, the FT model produced diesel fuel at 0.00134 Kg/s. Per this calculation, the massive amount of Thar coal reserves can be transformed into 123.22 million barrels of diesel. The design of the reactor is very critical, and, in this study, it was prioritized to design a reactor that produces liquid fuel only of composition C12+; during the production of liquid fuel, the quantity of methane is not high; and it can still be further reduced on optimized conditions. On the other hand, CO2 gas, which is a sole contributor of GHG emissions, was also reduced by up to 98%.
Lessons from a tropical deciduous shrub species: leaf fall can play a more important role than rain in leaf budding

In the Cerrado, the sequential chaining of phenological events during the dry season is a pattern observed in many plant species. In this season, many plants completely lose their leaves, and soon after deciduous, there is an expressive production of leaf buds. In this study, we investigated the effect of irrigation and early defoliation on the triggering of leaf budding of the deciduous species Peixotoa tomentosa A.Juss. in the dry season of a seasonal environment with water restrictions. Therefore, we set up an experiment with three groups of plants: control (n = 15), irrigation treatment (n = 15), and removal treatment (n = 15), and after the complete deciduousness of the plants, we carried out phenological monitoring of the development of leaf buds in these plants. From July to August 2022, the leaf budding phenology of the 45 individuals was evaluated twice a week. To test whether there is a difference in the number of leaf buds between treatments, we built generalized linear mixed models (GLMMs). Plants in the removal treatment had a statistically higher number of leaf buds produced than the plants in the irrigation and control groups (P < 0.05). However, the control group and the irrigation treatment did not differ from each other (P > 0.05). We showed that early defoliation influenced the triggering of leaf buds in P. tomentosa, increasing the production of young leaves in their individuals in a seasonal environment with water restrictions. Irrigation was not able to break the dormancy of leaf buds. Our findings contribute to a better understanding of the triggering of vegetative phenophases in deciduous Cerrado plants, showing that leaf fall may play a more important role than rain in the production of leaf buds in the dry season.
YONSEI EVOLUTIONARY POPULATION SYNTHESIS (YEPS) MODEL. I. SPECTROSCOPIC EVOLUTION OF SIMPLE STELLAR POPULATIONS

We present a series of papers on the 2012 version of the Yonsei Evolutionary Population Synthesis (YEPS) model, which was constructed based on over 20 years of research. This first paper delineates the spectroscopic aspect of integrated light from stellar populations older than 1 Gyr. The standard YEPS is based on the most up-to-date Yonsei–Yale stellar evolutionary tracks and BaSel 3.1 flux libraries, and provides absorption line indices of the Lick/IDS system and high-order Balmer lines for simple stellar populations as functions of stellar parameters, such as metallicity, age, and α-element mixture. Special care has been taken to incorporate a systematic contribution from horizontal-branch (HB) stars, which alters the temperature-sensitive Balmer lines significantly, resulting in up to a 5 Gyr difference in the age estimation of old, metal-poor stellar populations. We also find that HBs exert an appreciable effect not only on the Balmer lines but also on the metallicity-sensitive lines, including the magnesium index. This is critical in explaining the intriguing bimodality found in index distributions of globular clusters in massive galaxies and to accurately derive spectroscopic metallicities from various indices. A full set of the spectroscopic and photometric YEPS model data of the entire parameter space is currently downloadable at http://web.yonsei. ac.kr/cosmic/data/YEPS.htm.
Changes in Dietary Intake of Methionine, Folate/Folic Acid and Vitamin B12 and Survival in Postmenopausal Women with Breast Cancer: A Prospective Cohort Study

Background: Previous experimental studies showed that limiting methionine in the diet of animals or in cell culture media suppresses mammary cancer cell proliferation or metastasis. However, no previous study has investigated the associations of changes in methionine intake with survival among breast cancer survivors. We aimed to examine the association between changes in dietary intake of methionine, folate/folic acid, and vitamin B12 from before to after diagnosis of breast cancer, and mortality among breast cancer survivors. Methods: We included 1553 postmenopausal women from the Women’s Health Initiative who were diagnosed with invasive breast cancer and completed a food frequency questionnaire both before and after breast cancer diagnosis. Multivariable Cox proportional hazards regression models were used to estimate adjusted hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence (CIs) of all-cause and breast cancer mortality associated with changes in methionine intake and changes in folate/folic acid and vitamin B12 intake. Results: Relative to pre-diagnosis, 28% of women decreased methionine intake by ≥20%, 30% of women increased methionine intake by ≥20%, and 42% of women had a relatively stable methionine intake (±19.9%) following breast cancer diagnosis. During a mean 16.1 years of follow up, there were 772 deaths in total, including 195 deaths from breast cancer. Compared to women with relatively stable methionine intake, women with decreased methionine intake had lower risks of all-cause (HR 0.78, 95% CI 0.62–0.97) and breast cancer mortality (HR 0.58, 95% CI 0.37–0.91) in fully adjusted models. In contrast, increased methionine intake or changes in folate/folic acid or vitamin B12 intake were not associated with all-cause or breast cancer mortality. Conclusions: Among breast cancer survivors, decreased methionine intake after breast cancer diagnosis was associated with lower risk of all-cause and breast cancer mortality.
Spin-diffusions and diffusive molecular dynamics

Metastable configurations in condensed matter typically fluctuate about local energy minima at the femtosecond time scale before transitioning between local minima after nanoseconds or microseconds. This vast scale separation limits the applicability of classical molecular dynamics (MD) methods and has spurned the development of a host of approximate algorithms. One recently proposed method is diffusive MD which aims at integrating a system of ordinary differential equations describing the likelihood of occupancy by one of two species, in the case of a binary alloy, while quasistatically evolving the locations of the atoms. While diffusive MD has shown itself to be efficient and provide agreement with observations, it is fundamentally a model, with unclear connections to classical MD. In this work, we formulate a spin-diffusion stochastic process and show how it can be connected to diffusive MD. The spin-diffusion model couples a classical overdamped Langevin equation to a kinetic Monte Carlo model for exchange amongst the species of a binary alloy. Under suitable assumptions and approximations, spin-diffusion can be shown to lead to diffusive MD type models. The key assumptions and approximations include a well-defined time scale separation, a choice of spin-exchange rates, a low temperature approximation, and a mean field type approximation. We derive several models from different assumptions and show their relationship to diffusive MD. Differences and similarities amongst the models are explored in a simple test problem.
On the stellar populations of massive galaxies

In this Letter, we analyse the predicted physical properties of massive galaxies, in the framework of recent semi-analytic models of galaxy formation. All models considered account for winds driven by supernova explosions and suppression of gas condensation at the centre of relatively massive haloes by active galactic nuclei (AGN). We show that while these models successfully reproduce the old stellar populations observed for massive galaxies, they fail in reproducing their observed chemical abundances. This problem is alleviated but still present if AGN feedback is completely switched off. Moreover, in this case, model predictions fail in accounting for the old stellar ages of massive galaxies. We argue that the difficulty of semi-analytical models in simultaneously reproducing the observed ages and metallicities of massive galaxies signals a fundamental problem with the schemes that are currently adopted to model star formation, feedback and related recycling of gas and metals.