Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Edge-partitioning graphs into regular and locally irregular components

A graph is locally irregular if every two adjacent vertices have distinct degrees. Recently, Baudon et al. introduced the notion of decomposition into locally irregular subgraphs. They conjectured that for almost every graph $G$, there exists a minimum integer $\chi^{\prime}_{\mathrm{irr}}(G)$ such that $G$ admits an edge-partition into $\chi^{\prime}_{\mathrm{irr}}(G)$ classes, each of which induces a locally irregular graph. In particular, they conjectured that $\chi^{\prime}_{\mathrm{irr}}(G) \leq 3$ for every $G$, unless $G$ belongs to a well-characterized family of non-decomposable graphs. This conjecture is far from being settled, as notably (1) no constant upper bound on$\chi^{\prime}_{\mathrm{irr}}(G)$ is known for $G$ bipartite, and (2) no satisfactory general upper bound on $\chi^{\prime}_{\mathrm{irr}}(G)$ is known. We herein investigate the consequences on this question of allowing a decomposition to include regular components as well. As a main result, we prove that every bipartite graph admits such a decomposition into at most $6$ subgraphs. This result implies that every graph $G$ admits a decomposition into at most $6(\lfloor \mathrm{log} \chi (G) \rfloor +1)$ subgraphs whose components are regular or locally irregular.
Extending Bilingual WordNet via Hierarchical Word Translation Classification

We introduce a method for learning to assign word senses to translation pairs. In our approach, this sense assignment or disambiguation problem is transformed into one on how to navigate through a sense network like WordNet aimed at distinguishing the more adequate senses from others. The method involves automatically constructing classification models for branching nodes in the network, and automatically learning to reject less probable senses, based on the translation characteristics of word senses and semantically� related word groups (e.g., lexicographer files) respectively. At runtime, translation pairs are expanded with their synonyms and sense ambiguity is resolved using a greedy algorithm choosing the most likely branches based on the trained classification models. Evaluation shows that our method significantly outperforms the strong baseline of assigning most frequent sense to the translation pairs and effectively determines suitable word senses for given translation pairs, suggesting the possibility of employing our method as a computer� assisted tool for speeding up the process of lexicography or of using our method to assist machine translation systems in word selection.
Trace-driven system-level power evaluation of system-on-a-chip peripheral cores

Our earlier work for fast evaluation of power consumption of general cores in a system-on-a-chip described techniques that involved isolating high-level instructions of a core, measuring gate-level power consumption per instruction and then annotating a system-level simulation model with the obtained data. In this work, we describe a method for speeding up the evaluation further, through the use of instruction traces and trace simulators for every core, not just microprocessor cores. Our method shows noticeable speedups at an acceptable loss of accuracy. We show that reducing trace sizes can speed up the method even further. The speedups allow for more extensive system-level power exploration and hence better optimization.
Insulin and Oral Antidiabetic Agents

The current manuscript describes an overview for therapeutic approaches to treat diabetes mellitus. Detailed presentation of the role of insulin in both disease state development and therapy is given. The article also addresses the classification, chemistry, pharmacokinetic properties, dosage forms, mechanisms of action, and therapeutic indications of oral anti-diabetic agents currently available for clinical use. The paper also details the rationale of differences in the onset and duration of action of various insulin preparations. The paper also briefly addresses the phenomena of development of insulin resistance, multi-ingredient dosage form of oral anti-diabetic agents, and approaches to teaching the topic in the classroom.
Modular multiple sensors information management for computer‐integrated surgery

In the past 20 years, technological advancements have modified the concept of modern operating rooms (ORs) with the introduction of computer‐integrated surgery (CIS) systems, which promise to enhance the outcomes, safety and standardization of surgical procedures. With CIS, different types of sensor (mainly position‐sensing devices, force sensors and intra‐operative imaging devices) are widely used. Recently, the need for a combined use of different sensors raised issues related to synchronization and spatial consistency of data from different sources of information.
Global Correlation Clustering Based on the Hough Transform

In this article, we propose an efficient and effective method for finding arbitrarily oriented subspace clusters by mapping the data space to a parameter space defining the set of possible arbitrarily oriented subspaces. The objective of a clustering algorithm based on this principle is to find those among all the possible subspaces that accommodate many database objects. In contrast to existing approaches, our method can find subspace clusters of different dimensionality even if they are sparse or are intersected by other clusters within a noisy environment. A broad experimental evaluation demonstrates the robustness and effectiveness of our method. Copyright © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Statistical Analysis and Data Mining 1: 000‐000, 2008
Electroptic Polymer Linear Modulators Based on Multiple-Domain Y-Fed Directional Coupler

We developed an analytical method to optimize the design of Y-fed direction couplers at large modulation depth from 10% to 50%. Simulation results indicate that three and four-domain devices can obtain 45 dB higher distortion suppression than two-domain devices, which can potentially achieve 120 dB spurious free dynamic range. We also experimentally demonstrated that the two-domain electrooptic modulator obtained 94 dB distortion suppression at 20% modulation depth, which is 47 dB higher than a conventional Mach-Zehnder modulator.
A novel immunocompetent rat model of HCV infection and hepatitis.

BACKGROUND & AIMS Hepatitis C virus (HCV) infects millions of people worldwide. Therapy is limited, and treatment does not produce a sustained response in the majority of patients. Development of new agents has been hampered by the lack of a convenient animal model. The aim of this study was to determine whether an immunocompetent rat, tolerized and transplanted with a human hepatoma cell line (Huh 7 cells), could be used to sustain an HCV infection. METHODS Fetal rats were tolerized in utero with 10(5) Huh 7 cells. One day after birth, rats were transplanted with 5 x 10(6) Huh 7 cells and, a week later, inoculated with HCV, genotype 1. RESULTS In tolerized, transplanted, and HCV-infected rats, Huh 7 cells were found in the liver, and HCV viral replication was detected by the presence of negative strand HCV RNA. HCV levels in serum were measured at 11,000 copies/mL at week 4, peaked at 22,500 copies/mL by week 12. In tolerized, transplanted, inoculated rats, but not controls, serum alanine aminotransferase (ALT) values increased to 60 IU/L by week 4 and reached a peak of approximately 120 IU/L by week 13. Histology showed foci of mononuclear infiltrates in portal and central regions. CONCLUSIONS HCV-inoculated immunocompetent rats tolerized and transplanted with Huh 7 cells support HCV gene expression, viral replication, and develop biochemical and histologic evidence of hepatitis.
Association Between Toxoplasma gondii Exposure and Heart Disease: A Case-Control Study

Background The parasite Toxoplasma gondii causes infections all around the world. Infections with T. gondii are systemic and the parasite can persist in the heart muscle. Very little is known about the impact of T. gondii on patients with heart disease. We determined the association between T. gondii exposure and patients suffering from heart diseases attending in a public hospital in Durango, Mexico; the association of T. gondii exposure with socio-demographic, behavioral, and clinical characteristics of these patients was also investigated. Methods Through a case-control study, we examined the seroprevalence of anti-T. gondii IgG and IgM antibodies in 400 patients with heart diseases and 400 age- and gender-matched controls using enzyme-linked immunoassays. In addition, we analyzed the association of patient characteristics as determined by a standardized questionnaire with T. gondii exposure by bivariate and multivariate analyses. Results Fifty-five (13.8%) of 400 patients and 32 (8.0%) of 400 controls had anti-T. gondii IgG antibodies (odds ratio (OR) = 1.83; 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.15 - 2.90; P = 0.01). High anti-T. gondii IgG levels (> 150 IU/mL) were found in 28 (50.9%) of the 55 positive cases and in 14 (43.8%) of the 32 positive controls (P = 0.51). Anti-T. gondii IgM antibodies were found in 13 (23.6%) of the 55 anti-T. gondii IgG positive patients and in 19 (59.4%) of 32 anti-T. gondii IgG positive controls (OR = 0.21; 95% CI: 0.08 - 0.54; P = 0.0008). Multivariate analysis showed that T. gondii exposure was positively associated with being born out of Durango State (OR = 2.93; 95% CI: 1.40 - 6.13; P = 0.004), and with consumption of alcohol (OR = 2.04; 95% CI: 1.01 - 4.12; P = 0.04). Conclusions Results obtained in this study indicate that T. gondii infection is associated with heart disease, and suggest that heart disease might be related with a chronic infection. This is the first report of an association of T. gondii exposure with alcohol consumption in this population. Results warrant for further research to determine the epidemiological impact of T. gondii exposure on patients with heart diseases. Risk factors associated with T. gondii exposure are critical to design future prevention strategies against T. gondii exposure.
Comparison Result of Songket Motives Retrieval through Sketching Technique with Keyword Technique

Songket is an iconic Malay artistic tradition with a strong historical essence. The fine weaving that makes up the songket’s texture is what makes it stand out from the rest of the fabric. A literature study showed that more than 300 songketmotifs had been produced since the beginning and these were stored digitally aspart of a preservation effort. Preliminary studies of 10 websites that promote and trade in songket in Malaysia reveal that preserving the motif was not their priority since they only focus on selling the product. The website only provides a keyword search for the customer to find songkets based on their finished motifs. The biggest drawback is that the user is not aware of the abundance of motifs, making the search less efficient. A previous study also shows that there is no website that provides a repository of songketmotif information as part of a long term preservation effort. This study will focus on the results of a comparison of songketmotifs retrieved by using a sketching technique with the keyword technique. The method of study is to analyse existing songket websites and image retrieval techniques. The results of this study show that the retrieval of songketmotifs was higher using sketching techniques than keyword techniques. Eighty per centof the results for the sketch query were higher than the keyword based query. The sketch based image retrieval technique will make it easier for users to access and retrieve songket motif images more easily. Keyword Image retrieval, Information Retrieval, Songket
PIL based control algorithm for three-phase four-wire active filter for reactive and harmonic compensation under distorted supply

In this paper, a novel control algorithm for three-phase four-wire shunt active power filter for the compensation of instantaneous harmonic current components in nonlinear loads is presented. Fundamental signal extraction is carried out using Harmonic Tuned Filter (HTF) without the Phase Locked Loop (PLL). HTF can efficiently determine the fundamental signal components from distorted voltage or current signal. Instantaneous Reactive Power Theory (IRPT) is used for reference current signal generation. The net fundamental power is calculated by using control architecture which should be flow from source to load. Indirect current control technique is used for the generation of switching signals. After providing compensation by APF, supply voltage and current are nearly in-phase which indicates power-factor improvement. The control technique is first simulated in MATLAB/Simulink environment and then co-simulated using processor-in-loop (PIL) technique on TMS320F28335 floating point digital signal processor. THD and PIL response prove that active filter is able to bring % THD with-in limits and as per IEEE 519-1992 standard limits.
Augmenting Mobile Search Engines to Leverage Context Awareness

Mobile phones are becoming the chosen platforms for web access, with a forecast that over the coming decade more users will connect to the internet through mobile than conventional desktop computers. Internet search is likely going to remain one of the major ways to find information and services on the web. In order to provide satisfactory usability, mobile searches will have to take into consideration the nature of handsets. Being both pervasive and person-centric they continuously capture information about users and their context. Context awareness can enhance the mobile search experience by augmenting user queries with context information captured through the handset's sensors. In this paper we propose a unified architecture supporting context-awareness in mobility and show how it can be applied to mobile searches. Based on real life contextual data captured from handsets we discuss design approaches and end-user benefits of making mobile searches more context-aware.
Labeled-Line Coding and Summation Coding of Numerosities in Prefrontal and Parietal Cortex

Editor's Note: These short reviews of a recent paper in the Journal, written exclusively by graduate students or postdoctoral fellows, are intended to mimic the journal clubs that exist in your own departments or institutions. For more information on the format and purpose of the Journal Club, please see Computational models in humans suggest two different types of coding numerical quantity (Dehaene and Changeux, 1993). Summation coding reflects the idea that numerical quantity (or numerosity) is encoded by a monotonically increasing response function: the higher the numer-osity, the more neuronal activation. In labeled-line coding (or place coding) a specific neuron responds most strongly to one specific numerosity [Nieder and Merten (2007), their Fig. 1 F1)]. The evidence for these different types of encoding is relatively sparse. On a behavioral level, it has only recently been shown that both types of encoding coex-ist, and that the coding system depends on the stimulus material used (dot patterns or Arabic numerals) (Roggeman et al., 2007). On a neuronal level, several single-cell studies have revealed labeled-line coding neurons (Nieder and Miller, 2004): the firing rate of prefrontal and parietal neurons in rhesus monkeys responded maximally to specific numerosities. Although these neurons behave exactly as described by labeled-line coding, extreme numerosities (1 and 5) might act as low-and high-pass filters (Roggeman et al., 2007). Furthermore, because all neurons had identical short firing-rate latencies for all numerosities tested (ranging from 1 to 5), the extraction of numerosity must have been parallel across the entire display (Nieder and Miller, 2004). This raised the possibility that the number selectivity of the neurons was a feature of the subitizing mechanism and that numerosity might be calculated in the parietal cortex and then forwarded to the prefrontal cortex (PFC) to be held in memory (Feigenson et al., 2004). In a new study published in The Journal of Neuroscience, Nieder and Merten (2007) show that labeled-line coding is also present for larger numerosities. Two rhesus monkeys were trained to perform the delayed match-to-numerosity task. In this task, monkeys are trained to judge whether two successive displays contain the same number of randomly placed dots. The numerosity of dots on a display ranged from 1 to 30. Because the presented dot patterns are controlled for area and density, the monkeys must extract the numerosity of the set of dots to complete the task. The results mirror those obtained with small numerosities (Nieder …
Atorvastatin in clinically-significant macular edema in diabetics with a normal lipid profile.

INTRODUCTION Lipid-lowering drugs preserve vision and reduce the risk of hard exudates in clinically-significant macular edema(CSME) in diabetics with an abnormal lipid profile. But their role in reducing CSME in diabetics with a normal lipid profile is not yet known. OBJECTIVE To evaluate the role of atorvastatin in CSME in diabetics with a normal lipid profile. MATERIALS AND METHODS A prospective, randomized clinical trial was carried out. Thirty CSME patients with a normal lipid profile were randomly divided into Group A and B. Atorvastatin had been started in Group A four weeks prior to laser treatment. The main outcome measures were any improvement or deterioration in visual acuity and macular edema and hard exudates at six months follow-up. STATISTICS Both the groups were compared using unpaired t test for quantitative parameters and chi-square test for qualitative parameters. A p value of less than 0.05 was taken as significant. RESULTS Visual acuity, macular edema and hard exudates resolution was not significantly different in the two groups (P = 0.14, 0.62, 0.39 respectively). CONCLUSION Atorvastatin does not affect treatment outcome in CSME with a normal lipid profile over a short term follow-up.
PARTIAL PURIFICATION AND PROPERTIES OF TWO PHOSPHOLIPASES OF BACILLUS CEREUS

Slein, Milton W. (U.S. Army Chemical Corps Biological Laboratories, Fort Detrick, Frederick, Md.) and Gerald F. Logan, Jr. Partial purification and properties of two phospholipases of Bacillus cereus. J. Bacteriol. 85:369–381. 1963. —Culture filtrates of Bacillus cereus contain a phosphatasemia factor (PF) that markedly increases blood alkaline phosphatase after intravenous injection into animals, and that releases alkaline phosphatase from epiphyseal bone slices in vitro. Fractionation of culture filtrates of B. cereus with N,N′-diethyl-aminoethyl cellulose results in the separation of two phospholipases, one that has PF activity and one that inhibits PF activity in vitro. Growth of shaken cultures favors accumulation of the inhibitor, whereas static cultures yield more PF. Lethality for mice and hemolysin activity do not appear to be associated with the phospholipase that inhibits PF. The relationship of the lethal and hemolysin factors to the phospholipase that produces phosphatasemia is not clear. The effects of heat, trypsin, lecithin, and antiserum on the phospholipases are reported. The intravenous injection of relatively large amounts of the purified PF resulted in the depletion of bone alkaline phosphatase.
Developmental Genetic Mechanisms of C4 Syndrome Based on Transcriptome Analysis of C3 Cotyledons and C4 Assimilating Shoots in Haloxylon ammodendron

It is believed that transferring the C4 engine into C3 crops will greatly increase the yields of major C3 crops. Many efforts have been made since the 1960s, but relatively little success has been achieved because C4plant traits, referred to collectively as C4 syndrome, are very complex, and little is known about the genetic mechanisms involved. Unfortunately, there exists no ideal genetic model system to study C4 syndrome. It was previously reported that the Haloxylon species have different photosynthetic pathways in different photosynthetic organs, cotyledons and assimilating shoots. Here, we took advantage of the developmental switch from the C3 to the C4 pathway to study the genetic mechanisms behind this natural transition. We compared the transcriptomes of cotyledons and assimilating shoots using mRNA-Seq to gain insight into the molecular and cellular events associated with C4 syndrome. A total of 2959 differentially expressed genes [FDR≤0.001 and abs (|log2(Fold change)|≥1)] were identified, revealing that the transcriptomes of cotyledons and assimilating shoots are considerably different. We further identified a set of putative regulators of C4 syndrome. This study expands our understanding of the development of C4 syndrome and provides a new model system for future studies on the C3-to- C4 switch mechanism.
Exponential inequalities and functional central limit theorems for random fields

We establish new exponential inequalities for partial sums of random fields. Next, using classical chaining arguments, we give sufficient conditions for partial sum processes indexed by large classes of sets to converge to a set-indexed Brownian motion. For stationary fields of bounded random variables, the condition is expressed in terms of a series of conditional expectations. For non-uniform ϕ -mixing random fields, we require both finite fourth moments and an algebraic decay of the mixing coefficients.
Design of low power low noise amplifier for portable electrocardiogram recording system applications

Electrocardiogram (ECG) signals have the characteristics of low amplitude and low frequency. A low-power, low-noise and low voltage amplifier is required for long term ECG signals monitoring. Chopping technique is an efficient approach to decrease the 1/f noise of CMOS amplifiers, but conventional chopper amplifier consumes large power because it required a wide-band amplifier exceed chopping frequency and a post low-pass filter to filter modulation noise. Moreover, the DC offset created by skin-electrode interface can reach as high as ±100mV and can easily saturate the amplifier, which limits the amount of gain applied to amplifiers. In this paper, an amplifier with low power, low noise and electrode dc offset suppression is presented for ECG recording system applications. The main amplifier is a chopper amplifier without post low-pass filter, which can reduce power consumption. The complete amplifier configured with the low power chopper amplifier can suppress the electrode dc offset effectively. The circuit of the presented amplifier is designed in TSMC 0. 18µm 1P4M CMOS process. The achieved input integrated referred noise voltage is 0. 68µV rms from 0.1Hz to 150Hz with high CMRR of 107dB. The power consumption is 46.8 µW with µ0. 9V supply.
Mycotoxins in infant/toddler foods and breakfast cereals in the US retail market

ABSTRACT The objective of this study was to conduct a mycotoxin survey of commercial infant/toddler foods (cereals and teething biscuits) and breakfast cereals in the United States. A total of 215 retail samples were collected from three geographical locations and analysed for aflatoxins, fumonisins, deoxynivalenol, HT-2 toxin, ochratoxin A, T-2 toxin, and zearalenone using a stable isotope dilution liquid-chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) method. One or more mycotoxins were found in 69% (101/147) of the infant/toddler foods and 50% (34/68) of breakfast cereals. Mycotoxin co-occurrence was observed in 12% of infant/toddler foods and 32% of breakfast cereals. However, the concentrations of detected mycotoxins were lower than the current FDA action and guidance levels. Aflatoxins and HT-2 toxin were not detected in any of the samples, while deoxynivalenol was the most frequently detected mycotoxin. Rice-based cereals appeared to be less susceptible to mycotoxin contamination than other cereal types.