Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
NMDA Receptor Activation and Calpain Contribute to Disruption of Dendritic Spines by the Stress Neuropeptide CRH

The complex effects of stress on learning and memory are mediated, in part, by stress-induced changes in the composition and structure of excitatory synapses. In the hippocampus, the effects of stress involve several factors including glucocorticoids and the stress-released neuropeptide corticotropin-releasing hormone (CRH), which influence the integrity of dendritic spines and the structure and function of the excitatory synapses they carry. CRH, at nanomolar, presumed-stress levels, rapidly abolishes short-term synaptic plasticity and destroys dendritic spines, yet the mechanisms for these effects are not fully understood. Here we tested the hypothesis that glutamate receptor-mediated processes, which shape synaptic structure and function, are engaged by CRH and contribute to spine destabilization. In cultured rat hippocampal neurons, CRH application reduced dendritic spine density in a time- and dose-dependent manner, and this action depended on the CRH receptor type 1. CRH-mediated spine loss required network activity and the activation of NMDA, but not of AMPA receptors; indeed GluR1-containing dendritic spines were resistant to CRH. Downstream of NMDA receptors, the calcium-dependent enzyme, calpain, was recruited, resulting in the breakdown of spine actin-interacting proteins including spectrin. Pharmacological approaches demonstrated that calpain recruitment contributed critically to CRH-induced spine loss. In conclusion, the stress hormone CRH co-opts mechanisms that contribute to the plasticity and integrity of excitatory synapses, leading to selective loss of dendritic spines. This spine loss might function as an adaptive mechanism preventing the consequences of adverse memories associated with severe stress.
Fibonacci sequence weighted SAR ADC algorithm and its DAC topology

This paper describes redundant successive approximation register (SAR) ADC design methods to improve reliability and conversion speed by digital error correction. Especially we show that redundant SAR ADC using Fibonacci sequence and its property called Golden ratio can be well-balanced design. We also present some simple golden-ratio-weighted DAC topologies for easy realization of the redundant SAR ADC by utilizing many interesting properties of Fibonacci sequence.
Feeling Your Way and Knowing by Touch

INTRODUCTION You can perceive things by touching, tasting, smelling, listening, and seeing. The sensory system that allows us to “feel” is called somatosensation (so-MATo-sen-sa-shun). Somatosensation is a broadly defined perceptual system that involves, among others, the experience of being touched or stroked on the skin, but also sensing temperature and feeling pain. In addition, somatosensation is responsible for registering the inside of the body. This system allows us to know where our body parts, e.g., your hands or feet, are located in space and is called proprioception (propre-o-CEP-shun). The latter is crucial for programing our motor behavior. We need to know, even in the absence of visual feedback, where our body and limbs are in order to perform the correct movements. Finally, we can recognize objects by tactile exploration. Just think of trying to identify the contents of your pockets by feeling them, or to open a door with the correct key in the dark.
Adolescents’ Dialogic Composing With Mobile Phones

This 14-month study examined the phone-based composing practice of three adolescents. Given the centrality of mobile phones to youth culture, the researcher sought to create a description of the participants’ composing practices with these devices. Focal participants were users of Twitter and Instagram, two social media platforms that are usually accessed by way of applications (mobile phone software). A Bakhtinian theoretical framework was used to locate composing as a social act involving relationships among multivocal texts and authors and audiences. Findings indicate that much of the participants’ literacy engagement was spontaneous, in the moment, reactive, and emergent. Another finding was that audience feedback informed text production. Finally, the practice of digital curation (appropriating others’ texts) was central to online phone-based composing practice.
MS2HM: A Multimedia Service Session Handoff Method between Heterogeneous Wireless Networks

The IMS (IP Multimedia Subsystem) can provide multimedia services between heterogeneous wireless networks. But the efficiency of the service session handoff will bring a significant impact to user experience. For the integration of heterogeneous wireless networks, we propose a SIP-based multimedia service session handoff method named MS2HM. To reduce the handoff delay between heterogeneous wireless networks, the MS2HM uses the methods of advance registration and old-new address temporary matching. We modeled the node processing delay and network transmission delay, and analyze the total delay and the packet loss rate of the MS2HM. The MS2HM can meet the low delay and low packet loss rate requirements of IMS service session handoff between heterogeneous wireless networks, and ensure the QoS of the IMS services.
Motion compensation for SAS antenna without iterative method

The sonar is a technique used to observe the underwater scene over large distances. The active sonar is mainly used for imaging or for bathymetry. With the modern sonar both uses are now possible. To form a high resolution three dimensional image, an active side-scan sonar is used. To develop algorithms in order to obtain an image, we need experimental data. One of the difficulties in the analysis of the sonar data is the fact that we don't know either the seabed or the accurate position of the sonar. The experimental side of studies can be complex. In this paper we describe the compensation of the movements. It exists differents methods to autofocus signals. Here, a first step the estimate micro navigation parameters is need. Motion is compensated in a second step, then a SAS algorithm can be use to obtain the image.
Sequence-Based Antigenic Change Prediction by a Sparse Learning Method Incorporating Co-Evolutionary Information

Rapid identification of influenza antigenic variants will be critical in selecting optimal vaccine candidates and thus a key to developing an effective vaccination program. Recent studies suggest that multiple simultaneous mutations at antigenic sites accumulatively enhance antigenic drift of influenza A viruses. However, pre-existing methods on antigenic variant identification are based on analyses from individual sites. Because the impacts of these co-evolved sites on influenza antigenicity may not be additive, it will be critical to quantify the impact of not only those single mutations but also multiple simultaneous mutations or co-evolved sites. Here, we developed and applied a computational method, AntigenCO, to identify and quantify both single and co-evolutionary sites driving the historical antigenic drifts. AntigenCO achieved an accuracy of up to 90.05% for antigenic variant prediction, significantly outperforming methods based on single sites. AntigenCO can be useful in antigenic variant identification in influenza surveillance.
Non-Monotone DR-Submodular Function Maximization

We consider non-monotone DR-submodular function maximization, where DR-submodularity (diminishing return submodularity) is an extension of submodularity for functions over the integer lattice based on the concept of the diminishing return property. Maximizing non-monotone DR-submodular functions has many applications in machine learning that cannot be captured by submodular set functions. In this paper, we present a 1/(2+ε)-approximation algorithm with a running time of roughly O(n/ε log2 B), where n is the size of the ground set, B is the maximum value of a coordinate, and ε > 0 is a parameter. The approximation ratio is almost tight and the dependency of running time on B is exponentially smaller than the naive greedy algorithm. Experiments on synthetic and real-world datasets demonstrate that our algorithm outputs almost the best solution compared to other baseline algorithms, whereas its running time is several orders of magnitude faster.
Summary 2 Capacity of Wireless Ad Hoc Networks

Wireless ad hoc networks have become an important area of research in wireless communications systems. Unlike some existing networking technologies such as Internet Protocol (IP) networks or cellular systems, wireless ad hoc networks have the advantage that deployment of networks does not require preexisting infrastructures. Ad hoc networks have neither fixed topology nor centralized servers; it is assumed that, once deployed, the network nodes would self-configure to provide connectivity and form a communications network. While the tremendous flexibility of wireless ad hoc networks is a highly desirable attribute, nevertheless it also presents considerable technical challenges in analyzing the behavior of such systems. In particular, studying the capacity of wireless ad hoc networks has been a key area of investigation in the research community. For a network of n nodes, in the most general case, since each node can communicate with any other nodes, the capacity region has dimensions n(n−1). Within the field of multiple-user information theory, considering finding the capacity of general broadcast, interference, or relay channels are still open problems, computing an n(n − 1) ad hoc network capacity region is obviously an immensely complex problem. Therefore, instead of aiming to fully characterize the multidimensional capacity region, some studies focus on investigating how the network’s throughput (for a given traffic pattern) scales as the number of nodes n becomes large. In this summary, the analysis techniques and results of two such studies are presented, with the first one focusing on point-to-point transmission models (multiple user channels such as broadcast channels or multiple access channels are
Good Natured: The Origins of Right and Wrong in Humans and Other Animals Frans de Waal, Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 1996, 296 pp. US$24.95 cloth. ISBN 0-674-35660-8. Harvard University Press, 79 Garden Street, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA.

Frans de Waal' s new book is the latest contribution to an old debate over the biological origins of ethics that began with Charles Darwin. In his early notebooks (written in 1836 to 1844), Darwin's first formulations of his general theory of evolution include a biological theory of ethics as rooted in a natural moral sense. From David Hume and Adam Smith, he adopted the idea that human morality was founded on natural moral sentiments, and he sought to explain such moral inclinations as products of biological evolution. But when he first published his evolutionary theory of the moral sense in The Descent ofMan in 1871, he was criticized by George Jackson Mivart, who argued that while the human body could be explained as a natural product of biological evolution, human morality manifested a mental or spiritual power unique to human beings that transcended biological nature. Initially, Thomas Huxley defended Darwin against Mivart,s attack, but later, in his famous lecture on "Evolution and Ethics," Huxley adopted Mivart's position that morality requires a conquest ofhuman nature through human culture. More recently, biologists such as George Williams and Richard Dawkins have restated Huxley's dualistic separation of nature and morality: human beings are inclined by their biological nature to an amoral or immoral selfishness, but their uniquely human capacity for cultural learning allows them to suppress their selfish nature in striving for a selfless morality. De Waal defends Darwin's original theory of the moral sense as biologically natural. In doing so, he rejects as "Calvinist sociobiology" the position of those like Williams
Effect of a Diet Supplemented with α-Tocopherol and β-Carotene on ATP and Antioxidant Levels after Hepatic Ischemia-Reperfusion

Ischemia-reperfusion injury associated with liver transplantation remains a serious complication in clinical practice. In the present study the effect of intake of α-tocopherol or β-carotene to limit liver injury by oxidative stress in ischemia and reperfusion was explored. Wistar rats were fed with diets enriched with α-tocopherol (20 mg/day) or β-carotene (3 mg/day) for 21 days. After 21 days, their livers were subjected to 15 and 30 min of ischemia and afterwards were reperfused for 60 min. The recovery of levels of ATP during reperfusion was better in the group of rats whose diets were supplemented with α-tocopherol or β-carotene than in the group control. The supplementation of the diet induced changes in the profile of enzymatic antioxidants. The supplementation with α-tocopherol and β-carotene resulted in a decreased of superoxide dismutase during the ischemia and a recovery was observed after reperfusion. Not changes were observed for the enzymes catalase and glutathione peroxidase and glutathione but their values were higher to those of the group control. In conclusion, the supplementation with α-tocopherol and β-carotene improve the antioxidant and energetic state of liver after ischemia and reperfusion injury.
CLASSIFICATION OF CUBIC BOOLEAN FUNCTIONS IN 7 VARIABLES

A well-known and widely used approach in the study of algebraic objects is the investigation of their sub-objects and quotient objects. Consider the set of Boolean functions on F2 of degree less than or equal to r for 0 ≤ r ≤ n, which can also be seen as the Reed-Muller code RM(r, n) of order r. The automorphism group of RM(r, n) is equal to the general affine group AGL(n, 2) for all 1 ≤ r ≤ n [MS91, Theorem 24]. For −1 ≤ s < r ≤ n, the quotient space of RM(r, n) by the sub-code RM(s, n) is denoted by RM(r, n)/RM(s, n). Consequently, two Boolean functions f1, f2 of RM(r, n)/RM(s, n) are said to be equivalent over RM(s, n) if f1(x) = f2(xA⊕ b)mod RM(s, n). If s = 1, this means that
Differences in Adipokine and Hepatokine Levels among Non-diabetic Population Classified by Age and Sex

Background Leptin, angiopoietin-related growth factor (AGF), adiponectin (ADP), and retinol-binding protein 4 (RBP4) are cytokines associated with the development of metabolic disorders, such as type 2 diabetes and cardio vascular disease. However, the levels of these cytokines have not extensively studied in non-diabetic subjects. Therefore, we analyzed the differences in these cytokine levels according to sex and age in non-diabetic Korean population. Methods: Blood samples were collected from 59 non-diabetic Korean adults (male, 32; female, 27). The anthropometric and biochemical data were measured at the health examination center. Serum adipokines and hepatokines were measured by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). The data were analyzed according to sex and age-based quartiles. Results: Serum leptin values were higher in females (8.60 ± 3 μg/ml) compared with males (2.99 ± 2.9 μg/ml). However, RBP4 was higher in males (84.05 ± 47.04 μg/ml) than in females (61.25 ± 45.42 μg/ml). The AGF and ADP values were not significantly different between males and females. RBP4 level was inversely correlated with age quartile in males, while leptin was significantly associated with body mass index and insulin resistance. Conclusion: RBP4 and AGF levels showed age-associated change, and leptin was consistently higher in females. Therefore, a large-scale analysis to determine the normal range of adipokines and hepatokines concentration in healthy Korean population is necessary. When interpreting adipokine and hepatokine levels, the difference in age and sex needs to be taken into account.
Spatial Smoothing for Diffusion Tensor Imaging with low Signal to Noise Ratios

Though low signal to noise ratio (SNR) experiments in DTI give key information about tracking and anisotropy, e.g. by measurements with very small voxel sizes, due to the complicated impact of thermal noise such experiments are up to now seldom analysed. In this paper Monte Carlo simulations are presented which investigate the random fields of noise for different DTI variables in low SNR situations. Based on this study a strategy for spatial smoothing, which demands essentially uniform noise, is derived. To construct a convenient filter the weights of the nonlinear Aurich chain are adapted to DTI. This edge preserving three dimensional filter is then validated in different variants via a quasi realistic model and is applied to very new data with isotropic voxels of the size 1x1x1 mm3 which correspond to a spatial mean SNR of approximately 3.
Task difficulty adjustment in biocooperative rehabilitation using psychophysiological responses

This study presents a biocooperative feedback loop where the difficulty of an upper extremity rehabilitation task is adjusted based on four psychophysiological measurements: heart rate, skin conductance, respiration and skin temperature. They are used both by themselves and in combination with task performance and biomechanics. Different variants of linear discriminant analysis are used for data fusion, including a variant that can adjust the fusion rules online and thus gradually adapt to the subject. Both healthy subjects and hemiparetic patients participated in the study. The accuracy rate of the biocooperative controller was defined as the percentage of times it matched the subjects' preferences. Psychophysiological measurements yielded a relatively low accuracy rate by themselves (76.4% for healthy subjects and 68.2% for patients). Task performance, on the other hand, yielded an accuracy rate of approximately 82%. Combining task performance with psychophysiology increased the accuracy rate to 84.7% for healthy subjects and 89.4% for patients. Psychophysiology can thus provide additional information, but factors such as the increased cost and complexity of the system should also be taken into account.
Perspectives of Four Rural Music Educators: A Collaborative Narrative Journey Through 'Sense of Place'

The purpose of this study was to explore the perspectives of four rural Ontario music educators through the conceptual framework of ‘sense of place’, to determine how ‘place’ influences their rural lives, their music education praxes, and their interactions with their rural students and communities. Rural places in Ontario are in a state of transformation and how educators define the term rural is also contingent on changes that occur in their rural communities and schools. My second objective was therefore to investigate participants’ perceptions of the terms ‘rural’, ‘rurality’, and ‘community’ through their narratives of lived experiences related to the classroom, school, and community contexts. In other words, how do historical, sociocultural, and political issues that exist in rural areas shape educational perspectives and practices, and specifically from a music education viewpoint? This research is grounded in the narrative methodological perspectives of Connelly and Clandinin (1986, 1988) and Beattie (2009) with a focus on the importance of investigating teacher perspectives through the personal, practical, and scholarly knowledge (Beattie, 2009) they have gained through teaching. Extensive data was collected over a period of eight months through participant interviews, their narrative stories and autobiographical accounts, and
Reflection and transmission coefficients of moving dielectric in half space

In this paper, the coefficients of reflection and transmission of high-speed dielectric target is discussed by Lorentz-FDTD method. In this method, two coordinate systems are defined, one is the laboratory coordinate system, marked by K; another is the moving coordinate system, marked by K'. The Lorentz transformation and interpolation are used to connect the laboratory coordinate system and the moving coordinate system. The electromagnetic reflection and transmission coefficients of high-speed dielectric target are calculated. By comparing the simulation result and the analytical result, it is shown that there are a good agreement between the simulation results and the analytical results.
Variable structure control law design for helicopter based on output feedback

In this paper, a sliding mode control law for helicopter is presented. The control law is based on the newly developed sliding mode control theory which is called sliding mode output feedback control (SMOFC). The iterative linear matrix inequality (ILMI) method is used to solve a set of bilinear matrix inequalities (BLMI) which are introduced by SMOFC. As for the model of helicopter, the linear perturbation model is employed for designing procedure and a reference model is used to guarantee the dynamic responses. The linear control law, which has been working for many years, is also preserved as the siding mode. Thus the system will perform similarly to the original system after the practical system settles in the sliding mode surface. The simulation results illustrate the feasibility and efficacy of this method.
Dynamical friction for accelerated motion in a gaseous medium

Dynamical friction arises from the interaction of a perturber and the gravitational wake it excites in the ambient medium. This interaction is usually derived assuming that the perturber has a constant velocity. In realistic situations, motion is accelerated as for instance by dynamical friction itself. Here, we study the effect of acceleration on the dynamical friction force. We characterize the density enhancement associated with a constantly accelerating perturber with rectilinear motion in an infinite homogeneous gaseous medium and show that dynamical friction is not a local force and that its amplitude may depend on the perturber's initial velocity. The force on an accelerating perturber is maximal between Mach 1 and Mach 2, where it is smaller than the corresponding uniform motion friction. In the limit where the perturber's size is much smaller than the distance needed to change the Mach number by unity through acceleration, a subsonic perturber feels a force similar to uniform motion friction only if its past history does not include supersonic episodes. Once an accelerating perturber reaches large supersonic speeds, accelerated motion friction is marginally stronger than uniform motion friction. The force on a decelerating supersonic perturber is weaker than uniform motion friction as the velocity decreases to a few times the sound speed. Dynamical friction on a decelerating subsonic perturber with an initial Mach number larger than 2 is much larger than uniform motion friction and tends to a finite value as the velocity vanishes in contrast to uniform motion friction.