Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The art of piano playing

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Game Theory Applications in CSMA Methods

As a mathematical tool, game theory has been used for the analysis of multi-agent systems. Wireless networks are typical examples of such systems, in which communicating nodes access the channel through the CSMA method influencing the other neighboring nodes' access. Different games were examined to model such an environment and investigate its challenging issues. This research reviews different CSMA games presented for wireless MAC and classifies them. Advantages and shortcomings of these games will be recounted and some open research directions for future research, supported.
Classification of Software Requirement Errors: A Critical Review

From last three decades various tools, techniques and methods are developed by researchers. The objective of research is to optimize the error and improve the quality of the software. During development of software, various errors are introduced by the developer at various phases of software development life cycle (SDLC). It is difficult to identify all the errors of the software by the developer of different phases. Various methodologies are proposed and implemented by the researcher to identify the errors. The objective of this paper is to review and develop taxonomy of requirement errors, prepare a list of requirement errors for the analysis. Conclusions are listed on software requirement errors at last. The list of requirement errors may support the researchers to improve their work in a systematic way and classify all requirement errors to increase the software quality.
Single-locus gametophytic incompatibility in autotetraploids.

It is known that a single-locus gametophytic self-incompatibility (GSI) system can persist with just two distinct alleles in an autotetraploid population, in contrast to diploid GSI systems, assuming "competitive interaction" in which heteroallelic pollen is universally compatible. The steady-state population structure of a GSI system in autotetraploids was investigated in an undivided population assuming "competitive interaction. " A deterministic model was developed to predict the frequencies of genotypes with two, three, or four distinct S alleles, assuming no mutation or population subdivision. The model showed that unlike in diploid GSI systems, the limiting values of the frequencies of genotype classes do not minimize pollen wastage.
The NO/cGMP pathway inhibits transient cAMP signals through the activation of PDE2 in striatal neurons

The NO-cGMP signaling plays an important role in the regulation of striatal function although the mechanisms of action of cGMP specifically in medium spiny neurons (MSNs) remain unclear. Using genetically encoded fluorescent biosensors, including a novel Epac-based sensor (EPAC-SH150) with increased sensitivity for cAMP, we analyze the cGMP response to NO and whether it affected cAMP/PKA signaling in MSNs. The Cygnet2 sensor for cGMP reported large responses to NO donors in both striatonigral and striatopallidal MSNs, this cGMP signal was controlled partially by PDE2. At the level of cAMP brief forskolin stimulations produced transient cAMP signals which differed between D1 and D2 MSNs. NO inhibited these cAMP transients through cGMP-dependent PDE2 activation, an effect that was translated and magnified downstream of cAMP, at the level of PKA. PDE2 thus appears as a critical effector of NO which modulates the post-synaptic response of MSNs to dopaminergic transmission.
Low-Density Codes Based on Chaotic Systems for Simple Encoding

This paper proposes a new class of low-density generator-matrix codes (LDGM) based on chaotic dynamical systems. The codes are designed by controlling symbolic dynamics and using linear convolutional codes. Analyzing the complex structure of chaotic systems, iterative decoding is developed. The communication performance is studied, and convergence analysis of the iterative-decoding system is presented. Finally, comparison and advantages over LDGM linear block codes in terms of encoding complexity and bit-error-rate performance are described, and possible applications of our codes are discussed.
Model selection based product kernel learning for regression on graphs

The choice of a suitable graph kernel is intrinsically hard and often cannot be made in an informed manner for a given dataset. Methods for multiple kernel learning offer a possible remedy, as they combine and weight kernels on the basis of a labeled training set of molecules to define a new kernel. Whereas most methods for multiple kernel learning focus on learning convex linear combinations of kernels, we propose to combine kernels in products, which theoretically enables higher expressiveness. In experiments on ten publicly available chemical QSAR datasets we show that product kernel learning is on no dataset significantly worse than any of the competing kernel methods and on average the best method available. A qualitative analysis of the resulting product kernels shows how the results vary from dataset to dataset.
Quel(s) rôle(s) du SI dans le pilotage des organisations étendues ? Le cas des roadmaps de management

On constate depuis plusieurs annees une evolution des organisations vers des structures etendues et en reseau dans une logique de flexibilite et de reactivite face au marche. Cette evolution rend de plus en plus complexe l’elaboration d’une veritable strategie et son pilotage. L’une des autres difficultes concerne l’alignement strategique des differentes entites et la mesure de la performance conformement au plan de progres. Dans la philosophie gestionnaire, la performance des organisations repose desormais sur des outils de gestion qui sont definis comme un « dispositif formalise permettant l’action organisee » qui peuvent avoir un role de conformation ou d’exploration (Hatchuel et Weil, 1992 ; David, 1998). Toutefois, on trouve peu d’outils de gestion repondant aux specificites des organisations etendues. En parallele, les Systemes d’Information (SI) se sont diffuses massivement dans les organisations pour soutenir des processus relevant de plus en plus du pilotage des organisations et des outils de gestion (ERP, SCM, informatique decisionnelle…). Nous chercherons a comprendre au travers d’une etude de cas chez Valeo, quel a ete le role du SI dans le deploiement et l’appropriation d’un outil de gestion, les roadmaps de management. Cet article s’inscrit dans le cadre du projet ANR PILOT 2.0.
Labetalol Blunts Morning Pressor Surge in Systolic Hypertension

Twenty-four-hour ambulatory blood pressure, including the acceleration phase, and left ventricular mass were evaluated in 16 patients with isolated systolic hypertension (standing blood pressure >160 mm Hg systolic and s95 mm Hg diastolic). After a 4-week, single-blind, placebo period, each patient underwent 24-hour ambulatory blood pressure monitoring and echocardiography. Labetalol therapy was then initiated at 100 mg twice a day in a single-blind manner and increased weekly by 100 mg twice a day until blood pressure control was obtained or a maximum dosage of 400 mg twice a day was reached. Blood pressure control was achieved at a mean daily dose of 363 ± 46 mg of labetalol. Measurements were repeated at the end of an 8-week maintenance phase. Labetalol therapy significantly reduced the mean 24-hour systolic ambulatory blood pressure from 154 ± 8 (mean ± SEM) mm Hg at baseline to 142 ± 6 mm Hg (p > 0.01) and controlled the early morning surge in systolic ambulatory blood pressure. Minor reductions in diastolic blood pressure and heart rate were statistically but not clinically significant. Left ventricular mass was not changed. Labetalol monotherapy provides effective 24-hour control of systolic blood pressure, including the acceleration phase, in patients with isolated systolic hypertension.
Criminal Interrogation and Confessions

The Fourth Edition of Criminal Interrogation and Confessions is the classic text for the Reid Technique of interviewing and interrogation. The Reid Technique is the standard in the field, and this newly updated edition will help you teach your students these important fundamentals. Criminal Interrogation and Confessions presents techniques that are based on actual criminal cases and have been used successfully by thousands of criminal investigators. This practical, step-by-step text is built around simple psychological principles and examines interrogation as a nine-step process that is easily understood by students.
Catheter ablation of the atrioventricular junction with radiofrequency energy.

Catheter ablation of the atrioventricular junction using direct-current defibrillator discharges requires general anesthesia and may have serious side effects. Sixteen patients with drug-refractory supraventricular tachycardia underwent catheter ablation of the atrioventricular junction using radiofrequency energy. A standard 7F quadripolar electrode catheter was positioned to record the largest unipolar His potential (580 +/- 640 microV) from the distal electrode. An electrocoagulator (Microvasive Bicap 4005) supplied continuous, unmodulated energy at 550 kHz. One to 14 applications of radiofrequency current were delivered between the distal electrode and a large-diameter chest wall electrode. Transient, mild chest discomfort was reported by seven of 16 patients. None had significant arrhythmias or blood pressure changes during radiofrequency ablation. Complete atrioventricular block was produced in nine of 16 patients and high-grade second-degree atrioventricular block was produced in one patient with radiofrequency current. Attenuated His bundle electrograms could still be recorded in the remaining six patients, four of whom underwent successful atrioventricular junctional ablation using direct-current shock during the same session. Atrioventricular block persisted in all 10 patients successfully treated with radiofrequency ablation during a mean follow-up of 4.2 months. Compared with a group of historic control subjects treated with direct-current shock ablation, the 10 patients successfully treated with radiofrequency current had significantly less creatine kinase-MB isoenzyme release (5.7 +/- 5.1 vs. 22 +/- 13 IU, p = 0.006). A junctional escape rhythm was present in all patients after radiofrequency-induced atrioventricular block. In contrast, three of 10 control patients had an idioventricular escape after direct current shock ablation, and four patients had no escape rhythm at all. (ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Potential resolution to the doping puzzle in iron pyrite: Carrier type determination by Hall effect and thermopower

Pyrite FeS2 has outstanding potential as an earth-abundant, low-cost, nontoxic photovoltaic, but underperforms dramatically in solar cells. While the full reasons for this are not clear, one certain factor is the inability to understand and control doping in FeS2. This is exemplified by the widely accepted but unexplained observation that unintentionally doped FeS2 single crystals are predominantly n type, whereas thin films are p type. Here we provide a potential resolution to this “doping puzzle,” arrived at via Hall effect, thermopower, and resistivity measurements on a large set of FeS2 single crystals and films that span five orders of magnitude in mobility. The results reveal three main findings. First, in addition to crystals, the highest mobility thin films in this study are shown to be definitively n type, from both Hall effect and thermopower. Second, as mobility decreases an apparent crossover to p type occurs, first in thermopower, then in Hall measurements. This can be understood, however, in terms of the crossover from diffusive to hopping transport that is clearly reflected in resistivity. Third, universal behavior is found for both crystals and films, suggesting a common n dopant, possibly sulfur vacancies. We thus argue that n-type doping is facile in FeS2 films, that apparent p-type behavior in low mobility samples can be an artifact of hopping, and that the prevailing notion of predominantly p-type films must be revised. These conclusions have deep implications, both for interpretation of prior work on FeS2 solar cells and for the design of future studies.
Location privacy via unlinkability: an alternative to cloaking and perturbation

The usual approach to location privacy is to cloak and/or perturb the positions or trajectories of the mobile objects. However, if unlinkability of the various interactions between a mobile object and the service/control system can be afforded and achieved, neither cloaking nor perturbation are necessary. This results in higher privacy for the mobile object and better accuracy of the aggregated mobility information gathered by the service/control system. We illustrate the feasibility of this approach in the scenario of car-to-car communication.
Quality of Service Aspects and Metrics In Grid Computing

Grid computing promises to become the future computing paradigm for enterprise application after having shown to be a quite effective computing paradigm for resource-intensive scientific applications. Large scale grids are complex systems, composed of a large number of components belonging to disjoint domains. Planning the capacity to guarantee quality of service (QoS) in these environments is a challenge because global Service Level Agreements (SLA) depend on local SLAs, i.e., SLAs established with components that make up the grid. These components are generally autonomous and join the grid as part of a loose federation. This paper investigates some of the relevant issues that must be considered in designing grid applications that deliver appropriate QoS: definition of metrics, relationship between resource allocation and SLAs, and QoS-related mechanisms.
The Visual Simulation Environment Technology Transfer

This paper describes how the Visual Simulation Environment (VSE) technology has been transferred into a commercial product. The VSE has been created under research funding, primarily from the U.S. Navy for over a decade. Orca Computer, Inc., with support from Virginia Tech, Naval Research Laboratory, Naval Surface Warfare Center Dahlgren Division, and Virginia Tech Corporate Research Center, has been successful in making the VSE technology transfer a reality. VSE is now a commercially available software product which is provided at no cost for use by U.S. Federal Government employees at government sites.
This information is current as in Human Plasmacytoid Dendritic Cells Regulatory Pathways of Type I IFN Synthesis Oligonucleotides Reveals Two Distinct Activation with CpG-A and CpG-B

Two different CpG oligonucleotides (ODN) were used to study the regulation of type I IFN in human plasmacytoid dendritic cells (PDC): ODN 2216, a CpG-A ODN, known to induce high amounts of IFN- (cid:1) in PDC, and ODN 2006, a CpG-B ODN, which is potent at stimulating B cells. CpG-A ODN showed higher and prolonged kinetics of type I IFN production compared with that of CpG-B ODN. In contrast, CpG-B ODN was more active than CpG-A ODN in stimulating IL-8 production and increasing costimulatory and Ag-presenting molecules, suggesting that CpG-A and CpG-B trigger distinct regulatory pathways in PDC. Indeed, CpG-A ODN, but not CpG-B ODN, activated the type I IFNR-mediated autocrine feedback loop. PDC were found to express high constitutive levels of IFN regulatory factor (IRF)7. IRF7 and STAT1, but not IRF3, were equally up-regulated by both CpG-A and CpG-B. CD40 ligand synergistically increased CpG-B-induced IFN- (cid:1) independent of the IFNR but did not affect CpG-B-induced IFN- (cid:2) . In conclusion, our studies provide evidence for the existence of two distinct regulatory pathways of type I IFN synthesis in human PDC, one dependent on and one independent of the IFNR-mediated feedback loop. The alternate use of these pathways is based on the type of stimulus rather than the quantity of IFN- (cid:1)(cid:2) available to trigger the IFNR. Constitutive
Nest Predation Risk and Growth Strategies of Passerine Species: Grow Fast or Develop Traits to Escape Risk?

Different body components are thought to trade off in their growth and development rates, but the causes for relative prioritization of any trait remains a critical question. Offspring of species at higher risk of predation might prioritize development of locomotor traits that facilitate escaping risky environments over growth of mass. We tested this possibility in 12 altricial passerine species that differed in their risk of nest predation. We found that rates of growth and development of mass, wings, and endothermy increased with nest predation risk across species. In particular, species with higher nest predation risk exhibited relatively faster growth of wings than of mass, fledged with relatively larger wing sizes and smaller mass, and developed endothermy earlier at relatively smaller mass. This differential development can facilitate both escape from predators and survival outside of the nest environment. Tarsus growth was not differentially prioritized with respect to nest predation risk, and instead all species achieved adult tarsus size by age of fledging. We also tested whether different foraging modes (aerial, arboreal, and ground foragers) might explain the variation of differential growth of locomotor modules, but we found that little residual variation was explained. Our results suggest that differences in nest predation risk among species are associated with relative prioritization of body components to facilitate escape from the risky nest environment.
Muscle sympathetic nerve activity during cold pressor test in patients with cerebrovascular accidents.

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Autonomic dysfunction is frequently present in patients with cerebrovascular accidents (CVA). However, the pathophysiological mechanisms of these disorders are not clear. The purpose of the study was to assess the effects of CVA on the autonomic nervous system. METHODS In eight male patients with a history of CVA with damage of the cortical or subcortical structures, we measured the cold pressor response during recording of muscle sympathetic nerve activity (MSNA) from the peroneal nerve on the hemiplegic side. We also studied 10 age-matched male control subjects. Tests were performed before, during, and after immersion of the nonhemiplegic hand in ice water for a period of 3 minutes in each phase. We also recorded changes in heart rate (HR), arterial blood pressure, skin temperature of the middle finger, and perception of pain using the Borg's score. RESULTS During the control period, the mean burst count of MSNA in CVA (57.2 +/- 3.9 beats/100 HR) was higher than in control subjects (36.3 +/- 3.2 beats/100 HR) (P<.05). Total MSNA (the mean burst amplitude per minute times burst rate) increased significantly in CVA and control during the immersion period by 79.9 +/- 18.4% and 133.1 +/- 25.6%, respectively. The percent change in total MSNA in CVA was attenuated during immersion compared with control subjects. The HR and skin temperature responses as well as the Borg's score were similar in both groups during control, hand immersion, and recovery periods. CONCLUSIONS The present results suggest that increased MSNA in CVA may be due to damage of cortical or subcortical structures or stroke-related changes in other areas or nonspecific changes that cause continuous increase in basal MSNA.
The monoamine oxidase A (MAO-A) gene, family function and maltreatment as predictors of destructive behaviour during male adolescent alcohol consumption.

AIM To investigate possible interactions between a polymorphism in the monoamine oxidase A (MAO-A) gene promoter, family relations and maltreatment/sexual abuse on adolescent alcohol-related problem behaviour among male adolescents. DESIGN, SETTING AND PARTICIPANTS A cross-sectional study of a randomized sample of 66 male individuals from a total population of 16- and 19-year adolescents from a Swedish county. Boys, who volunteered to participate answering an alcohol-related problem/behaviour questionnaire, were investigated with regard to interactions between such problems, family function, maltreatment and MAO-A genotype. MEASUREMENTS MAO-A genotype, family relations history, history of being maltreated or abused and alcohol-related problem behaviour. FINDINGS Boys with the short (three-repeat) variant of the MAO-A gene, who had been maltreated/abused or came from families with poor relations, showed significantly higher scores of alcohol-related problems. We also found that maltreatment/abuse independently showed the strongest relation to alcohol-related problems among boys in our model. CONCLUSIONS The results suggest that both maltreatment and MAO-A genotype may be useful for the understanding of male adolescent alcohol-related problem behaviour.