Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Spirituality As A Determinant Of Transformational Leadership: Moderating Effects Of Religious Orientation

This study empirically tests the relationship between spirituality, transactional leadership, and transformational leadership. Spirituality is conceptualized as an attitude or basic human need. Consistent with transformational leadership theory (Bass, 1985), it measures transformational and transactional leadership behaviors. As the study of spirituality in the workplace is still emerging (Giacalone and Jurkiewicz, 2003; Giacalone, Jurkiewicz, and Fry, 2005; Paloutzian and Park, 2005a) and the scientific study of the psychology of religion is a well established discipline (Allport and Ross, 1967; Gorsuch and McPherson, 1989; Hood, Spilka, Hunsberger, and Gorsuch, 1996; Paloutzian and Park, 2005b), it integrates a mature measure of religious orientation into a model to give support to the relationship between spirituality and leadership style. Results from a sample of 186 senior executives from industry and academia indicate that religious orientation strengthens the relationship between spirituality and transformational leader behaviors. Results also support the moderating role of religious orientation in the relationship between transactional leadership and transformational leader behaviors. The paper concludes with future research directions and managerial implications.
Ten Ways that Culture Affects Negotiating Style: Some Survey Results

A survey of 310 persons of different nationalities and occupations asked respondents to rate their negotiating styles with respect to ten factors involved in the negotiation process. These factors included a preference for: a written contract in contrast to relationship-building as a negotiating goal; an integrative (win-win) as opposed to a distributive (win-lose) bargaining approach; and high rather than low tolerance for risk-taking. Reporting on the responses of persons from 12 countries and eight different occupations, this study finds that, in many instances, persons from the same cultures and occupations tended to respond to these negotiating elements in a similar fashion. Survey responses were also examined with respect to the respondents' gender. The study would appear to support the proposition that culture, occupational background, and gender can influence negotiating style.
Biais Cognitifs et Prise de Risque Managériale : Validation Empirique dans le Contexte Tunisien

Le contexte de prise de decision est entache par des biais cognitifs. Se basant sur un echantillon de 46 entreprises tunisiennes cotees durant 1997-2006, nous avons d’abord observe l’influence de trois biais (sur-confiance, mimetisme et illusion de controle) sur la perception du risque et ensuite, nous avons analyse la relation entre cette perception et la prise de risque effective. Nos resultats concluent a l’existence d’une relation positive entre le biais de sur-confiance et de mimetisme et la prise de risque et a une relation negative entre le biais de l’illusion de controle et la prise de risque manageriale.
On Finding Fine-Granularity User Communities by Profile Decomposition

The social network represents various relationships between users, and community discovery is one of the most popular tasks analyzing these relationships. The relationships are either explicit (e.g., friends) or implicit, and we focus on community discovery with implicit relationships. Here, the key issue is how to extract the relationships between users. A user is typically represented by his/her profile, and the similarity between user profiles is measured. In most algorithms, a user has a single profile aggregating all the information about the user. For example, a profile for a researcher is a list of papers he/she wrote. This setting, however, oversimplifies the multiple characteristics of a man since individual characteristics are mixed up. In this paper, we propose the notion and method of profile decomposition, which divides a profile into a set of sub-profiles so that they represent individual characteristics precisely. Then, we develop a community discovery algorithm, which we call DecompClus, based on profile decomposition. Using a real data set of CiteULike, we show that our proposed algorithm can precisely distinguish multiple research interests of a user and discover communities corresponding to each interest, whereas previous algorithms cannot. Overall, profile decomposition enables us to find fine-granularity user communities, thus improving the accuracy of community discovery.
impA, a Gene Coding for an Inner Membrane Protein, Influences Colonial Morphology of Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans

ABSTRACT Directed mutagenesis of a gene coding for a membrane protein of the periodontopathogen Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans was achieved by conjugation. The gene was disrupted by insertion of an antibiotic cassette into a unique endonuclease restriction sequence engineered by inverse PCR. The disrupted gene was cloned into a conjugative plasmid and transferred from Escherichia colito A. actinomycetemcomitans. The allelic replacement mutation resulted in the loss of a 22-kDa inner membrane protein. The loss of this protein (ImpA) resulted in changes in the outer membrane protein composition of the bacterium. Concurrent with the mutation in impA was a change in the pattern of growth of the mutant bacteria in broth cultures. The progenitor bacteria grew as a homogeneous suspension of cells compared to a granular, autoaggregating adherent cell population described for the mutant bacteria. These data suggest that ImpA may play a regulatory role or be directly involved in protein(s) that are exported and associated with colony variations in A. actinomycetemcomitans.
Education and Nonmarket Outcomes

I explore the effects of education on nonmarket outcomes from both theoretical and empirical perspectives. Examples of outcomes considered include general consumption patterns at a moment in time, savings and the rate of growth of consumption over time, own (adult) health and inputs into the production of own health, fertility, and child quality or well-being reflected by their health and cognitive development. I pay a good deal of attention to the effects of education on health because they are the two most important sources of human capital: knowledge capital and health capital. There is a large literature addressing the nature of their complementarities. In the conceptual foundation section, I consider models in which education has productive efficiency and allocative efficiency effects. I then modify these frameworks to allow for the endogenous nature of schooling decisions, so that observed schooling effects can be traced in part to omitted "third variables" such as an orientation towards the future. An additional complication is that schooling may contribute to a future orientation. The empirical review provides a good deal of evidence for the proposition that the education effects are causal but is less conclusive with regard to the identification of specific mechanisms.
MMPI Experimental Scale Correlates of the MAACL—R with Male Alcoholics

Concurrent and discriminative validity of the MAACL—R scales were studied by means of correlations with selected MMPI experimental scales (AR, DR, HOS, Poor Morale, and ES) for a sample of 88 male VA alcoholics. Concurrent validity of Anxiety, Depression, Hostility and PASS, and discriminative validity of the Anxiety scale were confirmed.
Avidin targeting of intraperitoneal tumor xenografts.

BACKGROUND Lectins (proteins that bind specific sugar molecules on glycoproteins and glycolipids) are expressed at various levels on the surface of tumor cells. Conjugation of cytotoxic agents to glycoproteins recognized by lectins could be useful in the treatment of tumors. Avidin (a highly glycosylated, positively charged protein found in egg white) contains terminal N-acetylglucosamine and mannose residues that bind to some lectins. In this study, we tested the ability of avidin, labeled through conjugation to radioactive biotin (a B vitamin), to target intraperitoneal tumors. METHODS Biotin was radioactively labeled with 111In. Four tumor models (one ovarian, one lung, and two colon) were established in nude mice by intraperitoneal injection of cultured cancer cells. The following two approaches were used in the intraperitoneal administration of avidin: 1) radioactive biotin-avidin conjugates were injected and 2) avidin was injected 1-24 hours before the injection of radioactive biotin (avidin pretargeting; avidin-biotin conjugates formed in vivo). The distribution of injected radioactivity in the tissues of treated animals was assessed. RESULTS Radiolabeled avidin localized highly and rapidly in the tumors. More than 50% of the administered dose of avidin-biotin conjugate accumulated per gram of tumor tissue 2 hours after injection; high tumor uptake of radioactivity was observed up to 24 hours after conjugate injection. In contrast, accumulation of radioactivity in normal tissues was low, yielding high tumor to nontumor ratios. With avidin pretargeting, accumulation of radioactivity in the liver, kidney, and spleen was reduced to a greater extent than that in the tumor, and tumor to nontumor ratios were increased. CONCLUSIONS Avidin may be a promising vehicle for the delivery of radioisotopes, drugs, toxins, or therapeutic genes to intraperitoneal tumors.
Web-Based Interventions for Chronic Back Pain: A Systematic Review

Background Chronic low back pain is one of the most common presenting complaints to a physician’s office. Treatment is often challenging and recovery depends on various factors, often resulting in significant investments of time and resources. Objective The aim of this review is to determine which Web-based interventions aimed at chronic low back pain are of benefit to patients. Methods Randomized controlled trials (RCTs) studying Web-based interventions directed at adults with chronic low back pain were included. Retrospective studies, narrative reviews, nonrandomized trials, and observational studies were excluded. Electronic databases and bibliographies were searched. Results In total, nine unique RCTs were identified (total participants=1796). The number of patients randomized in each trial ranged from 51 to 580. Four trials studied online cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) and five trials studied other Web-based interventions with interactive features. Empowerment/control was improved in six studies. Use of CBT was associated with reduced catastrophization among patients. Mixed results were reported with regards to reduction in pain levels and disability, although some studies showed promise in reducing disability in the short term. One study that measured health care utilization reported reduced utilization with the use of moderated email discussion. Conclusions Limited data are available regarding effective Web-based interventions to improve outcomes for patients with chronic low back pain. Nine RCTs with small sample sizes were identified in this review. Online CBT appears to show some promise in terms of reducing catastrophization and improving patient attitudes. Further research in this area with larger-scale studies focusing on appropriate outcomes appears to be a priority.
NONCOMMUTATIVE HYPERBOLIC GEOMETRY ON THE UNIT BALL OF B(H) n

In this paper we introduce a hyperbolic (Poincaré-Bergman type) distance δ on the non-commutative open ball where B(H) is the algebra of all bounded linear operators on a Hilbert space H. It is proved that δ is invariant under the action of the free holomorphic automorphism group of [B(H) n ] for all Ψ ∈ Aut([B(H) n ] 1). Moreover, we show that the δ-topology and the usual operator norm topology coincide on [B(H) n ] 1. While the open ball [B(H) n ] 1 is not a complete metric space with respect to the operator norm topology, we prove that [B(H) n ] 1 is a complete metric space with respect to the hyperbolic metric δ. We obtain an explicit formula for δ in terms of the reconstruction operator associated with the right creation operators R 1 ,. , Rn on the full Fock space with n generators. In the particular case when H = C, we show that the hyperbolic distance δ coincides with the Poincaré-Bergman distance on the open unit ball We obtain a Schwarz-Pick lemma for free holomorphic functions on [B(H) n ] 1 with respect to the As consequences, we show that the Carathéodory and the Kobayashi distances, with respect to δ, coincide with δ on [B(H) n ] 1. The results of this paper are presented in the more general context of Harnack parts of the closed ball [B(H) n ] − 1 , which are noncommutative analogues of the Gleason parts of the Gelfand spectrum of a function algebra.
Long-term ouabain administration produces hypertension in rats.

Ouabain has recently been identified as an endogenous Na(+)-K+ pump inhibitor. We administered ouabain chronically to normotensive rats with varying degrees of reduced renal mass (RRM) and to normal two-kidney rats to see whether hypertension could be produced. Normal male Wistar rats and rats with 25%, 60%, and 70% RRM received ouabain (13.9 micrograms/kg per day IP) in normal saline for 4 weeks followed by ouabain (27.8 micrograms/kg per day IP) for 3 to 4 more weeks. Respective control animals received vehicle only. Blood pressure was recorded weekly by tail plethysmography. Animals received tap water and standard rat chow, except for 70% RRM rats, which received distilled water and sodium-free chow. After 6 to 8 weeks of treatment, with rats under thiobutabarbital anesthesia, direct blood pressure was determined. Plasma, tissue, and urinary ouabain levels were measured with a specific radioimmunoassay. Animals receiving ouabain developed significant increases in mean blood pressure compared with control animals (70% RRM, 147 +/- 4 vs 116 +/- 4 mm Hg; 60% RRM, 140 +/- 4 vs 107 +/- 3 mm Hg; 25% RRM, 131 +/- 5 vs 100 +/- 2 mm Hg; no RRM, 116 +/- 4 vs 98 +/- 5 mm Hg). Plasma ouabain levels measured 24 hours after the last ouabain dose were not different in animals receiving ouabain vs those receiving vehicle. However, kidney tissue ouabain levels were significantly greater (6.39 +/- 1.17 vs 2.36 +/- 0.52 micrograms/kg, P < .05) in animals receiving ouabain. In conclusion, ouabain, given chronically, is associated with the development of hypertension in RRM rats as well as in normal rats. Blood pressure was greater in animals with greater degrees of RRM for a given ouabain dose.
Antenna Deployment for the Localization of Partial Discharges in Open-Air Substations

Partial discharges are ionization processes inside or on the surface of dielectrics that can unveil insulation problems in electrical equipment. The charge accumulated is released under certain environmental and voltage conditions attacking the insulation both physically and chemically. The final consequence of a continuous occurrence of these events is the breakdown of the dielectric. The electron avalanche provokes a derivative of the electric field with respect to time, creating an electromagnetic impulse that can be detected with antennas. The localization of the source helps in the identification of the piece of equipment that has to be decommissioned. This can be done by deploying antennas and calculating the time difference of arrival (TDOA) of the electromagnetic pulses. However, small errors in this parameter can lead to great displacements of the calculated position of the source. Usually, four antennas are used to find the source but the array geometry has to be correctly deployed to have minimal errors in the localization. This paper demonstrates, by an analysis based on simulation and also experimentally, that the most common layouts are not always the best options and proposes a simple antenna layout to reduce the systematic error in the TDOA calculation due to the positions of the antennas in the array.
A feedback reputation mechanism to secure the optimized link state routing protocol

We consider the problem of securing routing information in Mobile Ad-hoc Networks (MANETs). Focusing on the Optimized Link State Routing protocol, we devise a feedback reputation mechanism which assesses the integrity of routing control traffic by correlating local routing data with feedback messages sent by the receivers of control traffic. Based on this assessment, misbehaving nodes are shown to be reliably detected and can be adequately punished in terms of their ability to communicate through the network. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first practical implementation of a reputation mechanism in a standardized proactive routing protocol for MANETs.
Coital frequency among single women: normative constraints and situational opportunities.

A nationally representative sample is used to analyze the effects of normative constraints and situational opportunities on the coital frequency of post‐adolescent, never‐married women. Race‐specific, multiple regression results are presented, separately, for all nonvirgins and for those nonvirgins in a sexual relationship. Our conceptual model is most effective at explaining white women's sexual behavior, which is significantly affected by religious affiliation and devoutness, sex‐role attitudes, past sexual behavior, living arrangements, age, pregnancy risk status, and partner and relationship characteristics. We offer possible explanations for the weakness of our model in accounting for black women's coital frequency. We end with a discussion on the implications of this research for understanding pregnancy and health risk‐taking behaviors among young single women.
Organization of the human superior olivary complex

The distinctive morphology of the human superior olivary complex reflects its primate origins, but functional evidence suggests that it plays a role in auditory spatial mapping which is similar to olivary function in other mammalian species. It seems likely that the well‐developed human medial olivary nucleus is the basis for extraction of interaural time and phase differences. The much smaller human lateral olivary nucleus probably functions in analysis of interaural differences in frequency and intensity, but the absence of a human nucleus of the trapezoid body implies some difference in the mechanisms of this function. A window on human olivary function is provided by the evoked auditory brainstem response (ABR), including its binaural interaction component (BIC). Anatomical, electrophysiological, and histopathological studies suggest that ABR waves IV and V are generated by axonal pathways at the level of the superior olivary complex. Periolivary cell groups are prominent in the human olivary complex. The cell groups located medial, lateral, and dorsal are similar to periolivary nuclei of other mammals, but the periolivary nucleus at the rostral pole of the human olivary complex is very large by mammalian standards. Within the periolivary system, immunostaining for neurotransmitter‐related substances allows us to identify populations of medial and lateral olivocochlear neurons. The human olivocochlear system is unique among mammals in the relatively small size of its lateral efferent component. Some consideration is given to the idea that the integration provided by periolivary cell groups, particularly modulation of the periphery by the olivocochlear system, is an extension of the spatial mapping function of the main olivary nuclei. Microsc. Res. Tech. 51:403–412, 2000. © 2000 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Science Question Answering using Instructional Materials

We provide a solution for elementary science test using instructional materials. We posit that there is a hidden structure that explains the correctness of an answer given the question and instructional materials and present a unified max-margin framework that learns to find these hidden structures (given a corpus of question-answer pairs and instructional materials), and uses what it learns to answer novel elementary science questions. Our evaluation shows that our framework outperforms several strong baselines.
Positive reinforcement training affects hematologic and serum chemistry values in captive chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes)

Positive reinforcement training (PRT) techniques have received considerable attention for their stress reduction potential in the behavioral management of captive nonhuman primates. However, few published empirical studies have provided physiological data to support this position. To address this issue, PRT techniques were used to train chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes) to voluntarily present a leg for an intramuscular (IM) injection of anesthetic. Hematology and serum chemistry profiles were collected from healthy chimpanzees (n=128) of both sexes and various ages during their routine annual physical examinations over a 7‐year period. Specific variables potentially indicative of acute stress (i.e., total white blood cell (WBC) counts, absolute segmented neutrophils (SEG), glucose (GLU) levels, and hematocrit (HCT) levels) were analyzed to determine whether the method used to administer the anesthetic (voluntary present for injection vs. involuntary injection) affected the physiological parameters. Subjects that voluntarily presented for an anesthetic injection had significantly lower mean total WBC counts, SEG, and GLU levels than subjects that were involuntarily anesthetized by more traditional means. Within‐subjects analyses revealed the same pattern of results. This is one of the first data sets to objectively demonstrate that PRT for voluntary presentation of IM injections of anesthetic can significantly affect some of the physiological measures correlated with stress responses to chemical restraint in captive chimpanzees. Am. J. Primatol. 68:245–256, 2006. © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
The Generalized Instructional Set of the Criminal Attribution Inventory (CRAI): Socially Desirable Responding and Faking

Accurate assessment of criminal attributions can assist in explaining crime and identifying offender treatment targets. The current study examines the relationship between a new method of assessing the cognition of criminal attributes, the Criminal Attribution Inventory (CRAI) and a measure of socially desirable responding. 300 participants including incarcerated offenders, released offenders, sex offenders, and university students participated in the current study. Results indicate minimal relationships between socially desirable responding and the CRAI. In a fake-good testing situation, the faking index had appropriate sensitivity, specificity, and positive and negative predictive power in identifying fake-good responses. The CRAI’s instructional set of general observation as opposed to self-representation appears to limit socially desirable responding and also allows the CRAI to be administered to nonoffender populations.