Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Regulation of Blood Pressure, Appetite, and Glucose by Leptin After Inactivation of Insulin Receptor Substrate 2 Signaling in the Entire Brain or in Proopiomelanocortin Neurons

Insulin receptor substrate 2 (IRS2) is one of the 3 major leptin receptor signaling pathways, but its role in mediating the chronic effects of leptin on blood pressure, food intake, and glucose regulation is unclear. We tested whether genetic inactivation of IRS2 in the entire brain (IRS2/Nestin-cre mice) or specifically in proopiomelanocortin (POMC) neurons (IRS2/POMC-cre mice) attenuates the chronic cardiovascular, metabolic, and antidiabetic effects of leptin. Mice were instrumented with telemetry probes for measurement of blood pressure and heart rate and with venous catheters for intravenous infusions. After a 5-day control period, mice received leptin infusion (2 &mgr;g/kg per minute) for 7 days. Compared with control IRS2flox/flox mice, IRS2/POMC-cre mice had similar body weight and food intake (33±1 versus 35±1 g and 3.6±0.5 versus 3.8±0.2 g per day) but higher mean arterial pressure (MAP) and heart rate (110±2 versus 102±2 mm Hg and 641±9 versus 616±5 bpm). IRS2/Nestin-cre mice were heavier (38±2 g), slightly hyperphagic (4.5±1.0 g per day), and had higher MAP and heart rate (108±2 mm Hg and 659±9 bpm) compared with control mice. Leptin infusion gradually increased MAP despite decreasing food intake by 31% in IRS2flox/flox and in Nestin-cre control mice. In contrast, leptin infusion did not change MAP in IRS2/Nestin-cre or IRS2/POMC-cre mice. The anorexic and antidiabetic effects of leptin, however, were similar in all 3 groups. These results indicate that IRS2 signaling in the central nervous system, and particularly in POMC neurons, is essential for the chronic actions of leptin to raise MAP but not for its anorexic or antidiabetic effects.
Detection of Viral and Bacterial Pathogens in Hospitalized Children With Acute Respiratory Illnesses, Chongqing, 2009–2013

AbstractAcute respiratory infections (ARIs) cause large disease burden each year. The codetection of viral and bacterial pathogens is quite common; however, the significance for clinical severity remains controversial. We aimed to identify viruses and bacteria in hospitalized children with ARI and the impact of mixed detections.Hospitalized children with ARI aged ⩽16 were recruited from 2009 to 2013 at the Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China. Nasopharyngeal aspirates (NPAs) were collected for detection of common respiratory viruses by reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) or PCR. Bacteria were isolated from NPAs by routine culture methods. Detection and codetection frequencies and clinical features and severity were compared.Of the 3181 hospitalized children, 2375 (74.7%) were detected with ≥1 virus and 707 (22.2%) with ≥1 bacteria, 901 (28.3%) with ≥2 viruses, 57 (1.8%) with ≥2 bacteria, and 542 (17.0%) with both virus and bacteria. The most frequently detected were Streptococcus pneumoniae, respiratory syncytial virus, parainfluenza virus, and influenza virus. Clinical characteristics were similar among different pathogen infections for older group (≥6 years old), with some significant difference for the younger. Cases with any codetection were more likely to present with fever; those with ≥2 virus detections had higher prevalence of cough; cases with virus and bacteria codetection were more likely to have cough and sputum. No significant difference in the risk of pneumonia, severe pneumonia, and intensive care unit admission were found for any codetection than monodetection.There was a high codetection rate of common respiratory pathogens among hospitalized pediatric ARI cases, with fever as a significant predictor. Cases with codetection showed no significant difference in severity than those with single pathogens.
Head Exposure to Cold during Whole-Body Cryostimulation: Influence on Thermal Response and Autonomic Modulation

Recent research on whole-body cryotherapy has hypothesized a major responsibility of head cooling in the physiological changes classically reported after a cryostimulation session. The aim of this experiment was to verify this hypothesis by studying the influence of exposing the head to cold during whole-body cryostimulation sessions, on the thermal response and the autonomic nervous system (ANS). Over five consecutive days, two groups of 10 participants performed one whole-body cryostimulation session daily, in one of two different systems; one exposing the whole-body to cold (whole-body cryostimulation, WBC), and the other exposing the whole-body except the head (partial-body cryostimulation, PBC). 10 participants constituted a control group (CON) not receiving any cryostimulation. In order to isolate the head-cooling effect on recorded variables, it was ensured that the WBC and PBC systems induced the same decrease in skin temperature for all body regions (mean decrease over the 5 exposures: -8.6°C±1.3°C and -8.3±0.7°C for WBC and PBC, respectively), which persisted up to 20-min after the sessions (P20). The WBC sessions caused an almost certain decrease in tympanic temperature from Pre to P20 (-0.28 ±0.11°C), while it only decreased at P20 (-0.14±0.05°C) after PBC sessions. Heart rate almost certainly decreased after PBC (-8.6%) and WBC (-12.3%) sessions. Resting vagal-related heart rate variability indices (the root-mean square difference of successive normal R-R intervals, RMSSD, and high frequency band, HF) were very likely to almost certainly increased after PBC (RMSSD:+49.1%, HF: +123.3%) and WBC (RMSSD: +38.8%, HF:+70.3%). Plasma norepinephrine concentration was likely increased in similar proportions after PBC and WBC, but only after the first session. Both cryostimulation techniques stimulated the ANS with a predominance of parasympathetic tone activation from the first to the fifth session and in slightly greater proportion with WBC than PBC. The main result of this study indicates that the head exposure to cold during whole-body cryostimulation may not be the main factor responsible for the effects of cryostimulation on the ANS.
Impaired Clearance and Enhanced Pulmonary Inflammatory/Fibrotic Response to Carbon Nanotubes in Myeloperoxidase-Deficient Mice

Advancement of biomedical applications of carbonaceous nanomaterials is hampered by their biopersistence and pro-inflammatory action in vivo. Here, we used myeloperoxidase knockout B6.129X1-MPO (MPO k/o) mice and showed that oxidation and clearance of single walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNT) from the lungs of these animals after pharyngeal aspiration was markedly less effective whereas the inflammatory response was more robust than in wild-type C57Bl/6 mice. Our results provide direct evidence for the participation of MPO – one of the key-orchestrators of inflammatory response – in the in vivo pulmonary oxidative biodegradation of SWCNT and suggest new ways to control the biopersistence of nanomaterials through genetic or pharmacological manipulations.
A New Technique for the Surgical Management of Deformities in the Growing Spine

The Luque procedure was developed to correct the deformity without the need of bracing and maintaining that correction with growth. However many authors are disappointed by their results and the complications which appear in the management of infantile scoliosis with Luque trolley alone. Besides failed implants, pseudarthrosis, modest spinal growth and protuberant rods and wires, the major problem of the Luque systems is the high incidence of loss of correction by postoperative rotation. Therefore a new application technique is recommended. A standard posterior extraperiostal approach is chosen. Sublaminar titanium cables are passed at each level except the caudal lamina. Then the rods are precontoured in shape of the planed curve correction. We use a low profile titanium instrumentation with 5.0 mm diameter rods and 4.2 mm pedicle screws. In contrast to the conventional use of two antiparallel "L"-rods we recommend the use of one reversed "U"-rod securing the laminae with sublaminar titanium cables of the upper end vertebrae. For fixation of the lower spine a dual-opening pedicle screw system is used. Using a holding forceps the distal rods are introduced and fixed into the side opening of the screws then secured by sublaminar wires. In addition both single rods are stabilized by a low profile cross link bar. This technique allows to correct pelvic obliquity and a stable anchorage of two screws reduces risk of postoperatively rotation or caudal rod slippage due to gravity forces.
Texture Classification Using Adaptive Feature Extraction Technique

Inspired by wavelet modulus maxima and six basic textural properties, i.e. coarseness, contrast, directionality, line-likeness, regularity, and roughness, this paper proposes the use of the ratio of wavelet extrema numbers taken from the horizontal and vertical counts respectively as a texture feature which is called aspect ratio of extrema number (AREN). Moreover, a novel approach using genetic algorithms (GAs) for texture segmentation, called iterative feature extraction (IFE), is proposed to iteratively search and select for an over complete wavelet feature vector based on AREN feature with a desired window that provides optimal classification accuracy. We demonstrate the efficiency of GHM multi wavelet frames in texture discrimination with respect to D4 scalar wavelet frames.
Security framework for VANET for privacy preservation

The dynamic nature of the vehicular adhoc network (VANET) imposes a great deal of challenges in privacy preservation of credential or a data where there exists a sets of intermediate vehicular nodes, which might not be interested to cooperate for providing services to other nodes in the network. The attacker may try to reveal the data. In recent era of modern communication, as the communication of data is in digitized form like e-cheques, scanned certificates etc., these data has to be sent to desired destination with confidentiality. In this research work, we propose a new mechanism for privacy preservation of data in form of images for vehicular adhoc network. We use embedding technique by giving a private key which will be known only by sender and a receiver. The confidentiality of data in the form of image is encrypted and embedded with image of registered Vehicle License Plate (VLP) such that even if an attacker tries to reveal data he/she can just observe the image of VLP and also attacker must know private key. We use bilinear cryptographic scheme to achieve privacy preservation. The proposed work is simulated in Matlab and the results obtained are discussed.
Magnetic charges in local field theory

Novel lagrangians are discussed in which (non-abelian) electric and magnetic gauge fields appear on a par. To ensure that these lagrangians describe the correct number of degrees of freedom, tensor gauge fields are included with corresponding gauge symmetries. Non-abelian gauge symmetries that involve both the electric and the magnetic gauge fields can then be realized at the level of a single gauge invariant Lagrangian, without the need of performing duality transformations prior to introducing the gauge couplings. The approach adopted, which was initially developed for gaugings of maximal supergravity, is particularly suited for the study of flux compactifications
A Jury between Fact and Norm

A filmmaker, like a trial lawyer, knows that the “rhetoric of fiction”1 relies on the ordering and characterizing of details. Because the things that are closest to us and most obvious are often the hardest see, I will begin by noting eight details in 12 Angry Men2 which are so obvious that their significance for the understanding of the film may be difficult to discern. I will then discuss the significance of the film being a drama, and, as we will see, a drama about a drama about a drama. Finally, I will identify six dramatic tensions that define the film’s meaning.
Disruption of Mouse SNM1 Causes Increased Sensitivity to the DNA Interstrand Cross-Linking Agent Mitomycin C

ABSTRACT DNA interstrand cross-links (ICLs) represent lethal DNA damage, because they block transcription, replication, and segregation of DNA. Because of their genotoxicity, agents inducing ICLs are often used in antitumor therapy. The repair of ICLs is complex and involves proteins belonging to nucleotide excision, recombination, and translesion DNA repair pathways in Escherichia coli, Saccharomyces cerevisiae, and mammals. We cloned and analyzed mammalian homologs of the S. cerevisiae gene SNM1(PSO2), which is specifically involved in ICL repair. Human Snm1, a nuclear protein, was ubiquitously expressed at a very low level. We generated mouse SNM1−/− embryonic stem cells and showed that these cells were sensitive to mitomycin C. In contrast to S. cerevisiae snm1 mutants, they were not significantly sensitive to other ICL agents, probably due to redundancy in mammalian ICL repair and the existence of other SNM1homologs. The sensitivity to mitomycin C was complemented by transfection of the human SNM1 cDNA and by targeting of a genomic cDNA-murine SNM1 fusion construct to the disrupted locus. We also generated mice deficient for murine SNM1. They were viable and fertile and showed no major abnormalities. However, they were sensitive to mitomycin C. The ICL sensitivity of the mammalian SNM1 mutant suggests that SNM1function and, by implication, ICL repair are at least partially conserved between S. cerevisiae and mammals.
DEGRADATION OF PHENOL IN WASTEWATER USING ANOLYTE PRODUCED FROM ELECTROCHEMICAL GENERATION OF BRINE SOLUTION

This paper presents the degradation of phenol in wastewater using anolyte, which is generated from electrochemical activation process. Anolyte consists of reactive ions and free radicals, which contribute to its oxidizing behavior. The optimum conditions, which facilitate a complete degradation of phenol, were found using variation of dosage of anolyte and reaction time. It was found that about 20% of anolyte was the optimal dosage which corresponded to 98% degradation of phenol after a reaction time of 60 minutes. The main products during degradation of phenol by anolyte were found to be benzoquinone, hydroquinone, catechol, maleic acid, fumaric acid and oxalic acid.
Recent Developments in Expressed Emotion and Schizophrenia

Expressed emotion (EE) has substantial scientific support as a predictor of relapse of positive symptoms. The median relapse rate in a high-EE environment is 48%, compared with 21% in a low-EE environment. This effect does not seem to be due to confounding with other variables, but it is subject to limitations in its scope of application. EE probably determines relapse through its effect on emotions and symptom control. A stress-vulnerability model of relapse is advanced that incorporates biological factors as well as cycles of mutual influence between symptomatic behaviour, life events, and EE. Aversive types of behaviour in patients and their relatives are seen as understandable reactions to stress that are moderated by social perceptions and coping skills. Families have made positive achievements, including the provision of non-invasive support.
Gender Differences in Discharge Destination Among Older Adults Following Traumatic Brain Injury

Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is a leading cause of death and disability, and the highest in-patient admission rates are among older adults. We identified that gender independently influences discharge destination following TBI in older adults. In this cross-sectional study, we examined discharge destinations of patients admitted to acute care over a 4-year period, as captured by the Ontario Trauma Registry (n = 3,480). Following TBI, women were significantly more likely than men to be sent to long term care facilities rather than home settings (p < .05), controlling for age, injury severity, mechanism of injury, and comorbidities.
Bounded Forgetting

The result of forgetting some predicates in a first-order sentence may not exist in the sense that it might not be captured by any first-order sentences. This, indeed, severely restricts the usage of forgetting in applications. To address this issue, we propose a notion called $k$-forgetting, also called bounded forgetting in general, for any fixed number $k$. We present several equivalent characterizations of bounded forgetting and show that the result of bounded forgetting, on one hand, can always be captured by a single first-order sentence, and on the other hand, preserves the information that we are concerned with.
Phosphorylation of Histone H2A.X by DNA-dependent Protein Kinase Is Not Affected by Core Histone Acetylation, but It Alters Nucleosome Stability and Histone H1 Binding*

Phosphorylation of the C-terminal end of histone H2A.X is the most characterized histone post-translational modification in DNA double-stranded breaks (DSB). DNA-dependent protein kinase (DNA-PK) is one of the three phosphatidylinositol 3 kinase-like family of kinase members that is known to phosphorylate histone H2A.X during DNA DSB repair. There is a growing body of evidence supporting a role for histone acetylation in DNA DSB repair, but the mechanism or the causative relation remains largely unknown. Using bacterially expressed recombinant mutants and stably and transiently transfected cell lines, we find that DNA-PK can phosphorylate Thr-136 in addition to Ser-139 both in vitro and in vivo. Furthermore, the phosphorylation reaction is not inhibited by the presence of H1, which in itself is a substrate of the reaction. We also show that, in contrast to previous reports, the ability of the enzyme to phosphorylate these residues is not affected by the extent of acetylation of the core histones. In vitro assembled nucleosomes and HeLa S3 native oligonucleosomes consisting of non-acetylated and acetylated histones are equally phosphorylated by DNA-PK. We demonstrate that the apparent differences in the extent of phosphorylation previously observed can be accounted for by the differential chromatin solubility under the MgCl2 concentrations required for the phosphorylation reaction in vitro. Finally, we show that although H2A.X does not affect nucleosome conformation, it has a de-stabilizing effect that is enhanced by the DNA-PK-mediated phosphorylation and results in an impaired histone H1 binding.
The potential of m-health systems for diabetes management in post conflict regions a case study from Iraq

The recent developments of m-health technologies particularly in the developing world are increasing sharply due to the importance and accelerated adoption of these technologies in the developing countries. However, there are few if any studies on the effectiveness of mobile health in post conflict regions especially in the Middle East region. In this paper we describe the design, implementation and clinical outcomes of a feasibility study on mobile diabetes management in Basra, Southern Iraq as an exemplar for the effectiveness of mobile health technologies for improved healthcare delivery in similar post conflict regions. The key clinical outcome of this study indicated the lowering of HbA1C levels in the mobile health group indicating the potential of deploying such technologies in these regions where health resources are limited and challenging.
Functional Assessment Leading to a Behavior Plan for Transition Times at School.

This paper outlines a case study based upon the functional assessment of a pre-school child's aggressive and disruptive behaviors, revealing difficulties with transitions from one activity to another at school. Antecedent conditions and functional communication were addressed in the behavior plan using a schedule board based on the Picture Exchange Communication System (PECS). After implementation of the PECS intervention, disruptive and aggressive behavior decreased dramatically with a concurrent increase in cooperative behavior. Appropriate behavior during transition times was maintained throughout the remainder of the school year. The case study provided illustrates the usefulness of a functional picture communication board and daily schedule for a young child with pervasive developmental disorder. (Contains 20 references and 2 figures.) (GCP) Reproductions supplied by EDRS are the best that can be made from the original document. Running Head: FUNCTIONAL ASSESSMENT Functional Assessment Leading to a Behavior Plan for Transition Times at School Pamela Dooley Felicia L. Wilczenski Rhode Island College Providence, RI Christopher Torem West Warwick, RI School Department U.S. DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION Office of Educational Research and Improvement EDUCATIONAL RESOURCES INFORMATION CENTER (ERIC) This document has been reproduced as received from the person or organization I originating it. Minor changes have been made to improve reproduction Quality. Points of view or opinions stated in this document do not necessarily 'represent official OERI Position or policy. "PERMISSION TO REPRODUCE THIS MATERIAL HAS BEEN GRANTED BY L-G'7 TO THE EDUCATIONAL RESOURCES INFORMATION CENTER (ERIC). " Poster to be presented at the annual meeting of the National Association of School Psychologists, New Orleans, LA, March,
Stretching tacit knowledge beyond a local fix? Global spaces of learning in advertising professional service firms

The 'knowledge economy' is now widely debated and economic geographers have made a significant contribution to understanding of the influences upon the production and dissemination of tacit knowledge within and between firms. However, the continued association of tacit knowledge with practices rooted at the local scale and suggestions of territorially sticky knowledge have proven controversial. Through examination of empirical material exploring the stretching of learning in advertising professional service firms, the paper argues that we need to recognize the use of two different epistemologies of organizational knowledge leverage--'knowledge transfer' in the form of best practice and 'the social production of new knowledge'--and their complementary yet differentiated roles in organizations and differing spatial reaches. This highlights the existence of multiple geographies of tacit knowledge and the need to be more subtle in our arguments about its geographies. In particular, the paper reveals that tacit knowledge can have global geographies when knowledge management practices focus on reproducing rather than transferring knowledge across space. Copyright 2006, Oxford University Press.
Toward a Better Understanding of the Relationship Between Neurosciences and Law

Neurosciences and Law as an interdisciplinary field of science, has recently attracted attention of many scholars by distinct motives. Hopes that brain mapping could be of help for court decisions at one side, are contrasted with ethical concerns about using neurosciences tests for evaluating liability at the other side. Despite its impressive development in the last half century, Neurosciences lacks well supported and formalized theories to guide experimental studies about complex cognitive tasks. This limits the impact any contribution of this new interdisciplinary area may have in the present and near future. Therefore, it is necessary to start to build a solid formal knowledge that will correctly guide future work in this new and very important area of research. The purpose of the present paper is to contribute to the development of this formal knowledge, by discussing how knowledge provided by neurosciences may contribute to the understanding of some concepts such as action adequacy and fairness; altruism and selfishness, personal and social conflict, etc. that are at the core of any law system. In addition, the study of brain activity associated with vote decision in Brazilian Firearm Commerce Prohibition carried out by Rocha et. al. (2010) is discussed to illustrate the present proposal.