Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Comparative phylogeography of Baileys' pocket mouse (Chaetodipus baileyi) and the Peromyscus eremicus species group: historical vicariance of the Baja California Peninsular Desert.

Phylogenetic analysis of 699 bp of the mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) COIII and 450 bp of the cytochrome b genes among 14 species of coarse-haired pocket mice (Heteromyidae: Chaetodipus) corroborated previous indications that genetic divergence between species and species groups within the genus is generally very high, suggesting old times of divergence, and that the nominal species C. baileyi represents a highly divergent lineage within the genus, with no closely related extant sister species. Analysis of phylogeographic structure among 51 individuals from 12 localities throughout the geographic range of C. baileyi revealed three geographically separate mtDNA haplotype lineages. The oldest split separates populations east and west of the Colorado River, a pattern that is congruent with chromosomal and allozyme electrophoretic evidence. We consider the western populations to represent a distinct species, C. rudinoris. Within C. rudinoris, mtDNA haplotypes are further subdivided into northern and southern lineages along the Baja California Peninsula. Comparison of phylogeographic structure in the baileyi species group and the codistributed Peromyscus eremicus species group implies two points of codivergence and thus supports two historical vicariance hypotheses proposed for biotas distributed across the peninsular and continental warm deserts: a late Neogene (3 Ma) northern extension of the Sea of Cortéz and a mid-Pleistocene (1 Ma) midpeninsular seaway across Baja California.
Support vector regression based dynamic available transfer capability in deregulated power market

In the developed deregulated electricity market scenario due to the increase in load demand, fast and accurate assessment of dynamic stability constrained available transfer capability is needed to carry out the efficient and reliable electricity power transaction in the transmission network. This paper address the above issue by makes use of support vector regression (SVR) approach to determine the transient stability based dynamic available transfer capability (DATC). The Potential Energy Boundary Surface (PEBS) transient energy function method of stability analysis based on the computation of energy margin is used as the conventional method for determining dynamic available transfer capability. The conventional method consumes longer computational time since it repeats the transient stability analysis many times. To overcome the computational difficulty of conventional method, SVR technique for determining more reasonable accuracy of DATC with less computational time is proposed in this paper. The proposed SVR based DATC assessment is simulated with WSCC 3-machine 9- bus system and it is validated by comparing with the multilayer perceptron neural network (MLPNN).
Seven hundred fifty-three consecutive deaths in a level I trauma center: the argument for injury prevention.

BACKGROUND The past century has seen improvement in trauma care, with a resulting decrease in therapeutically preventable deaths. We hypothesize that further major reduction in injury mortality will be obtained through injury prevention, rather than improvements in therapy. METHODS Seven hundred fifty-three deaths in an American College of Surgeons-verified, Level I trauma center were reviewed as they occurred. Deaths were classified as therapeutically not preventable, possibly preventable, or preventable. These charts were also reviewed for factors that might have prevented or lessened the severity of the injury. RESULTS Mean age was 43, mean Glasgow Coma Scale score was 5, mean Revised Trauma Score was 4, mean Injury Severity Score was 41, and mean probability of survival was 0.25 (according to TRISS). Forty-six percent underwent cardiopulmonary resuscitation in the field, 52% died within 12 hours, 74% died within 48 hours, and 86% died within 7 days. Primary causes of death included central nervous system injury in 51%, irreversible shock in 21%, multiple injuries (shock plus central nervous system injury) in 9%, multiple organ failure/sepsis and other causes in 3%, and pulmonary embolus in 0.1%. Seven hundred one (93%) were classified as not preventable with a change in therapy, 32 (4.2%) were classified as potentially preventable with a change in therapy, and 20 were classified as preventable with a change in therapy (2.6%). Forty-six percent had cardiopulmonary resuscitation performed before or immediately on arrival to the hospital. Another 23% had vital signs present on arrival, but had a Glasgow Coma Scale score of <or= 4. Of the 546 unintentionally injured patients, 58% had an identifiable factor that contributed to the presence and/or severity of the injury (intoxication, restraint and helmet use), with 28% of patients having a positive blood alcohol level. Of the 206 patients with intentional injuries, 44% were intoxicated at the time of their death. Commensurate with driving-while-intoxicated prevention program(s), the percentage of intoxicated patients significantly ( p= 0.03) decreased from 45% to 34% over the same 7-year period. CONCLUSION Dramatically improving therapy (no errors, cure for multiple organ failure, sepsis, and pulmonary embolus) in a modern trauma system would decrease trauma mortality by 13%. In contrast, more than half of all deaths are potentially preventable with preinjury behavioral changes. Injury prevention is critical to reducing deaths in the modern trauma system.
Translation approaches in Cross Language Information Retrieval

Cross-Language Information Retrieval (CLIR) is a sub field of Information Retrieval (IR). Like IR, in CLIR for a particular information need, we have to find relevant information or documents containing such information. In CLIR multiple tools must be developed to match terms containing same meaning in different languages. The usual solution is to translate the query and/or the documents before performing the search. So translation is pivotal activity in CLIR. In CLIR a wide range of techniques were proposed in the literature for translation. This paper presents a detailed insight of these techniques, with a special emphasis on recent developments.
reply : Coinfection dengue and melioidosis infection

The recent publication on severe coinfection of melioidosis and dengue fever in Brazil is very interesting1. Macedo et al. noted for the need to consider melioidosis among the reported differential diagnoses of community-acquired infections where both melioidosis and dengue fever are endemic1. Indeed, the concurrent infection between two tropical diseases in endemic area can be expected. For melioiodis and dengue, the concurrent is already reported in Thailand2 as noted by Macedo et al.1. There are some remained interesting questions to be further studied. The exact prevalent rate of concurrent dengue and melioidosis infection should be systematically studied. The rarity, very few reports, might be due to several factors such as: a) under-report; b) under-diagnosis; c) no actual concurrent infection. Indeed, the concurrent infection can be seen only if: a) there are both pathogens at the same time and same place; b) there must be the vector for transmission of dengue; c) the host has to expose to both diseases. However, where there is any interaction between the two pathogens that might promote or prevent concurrent infection is another interest question.
Synergistic interactions of cyclosporine and rapamycin to inhibit immune performances of normal human peripheral blood lymphocytes in vitro.

Rapamycin, an actinomycete macrolide lactone that inhibits cytokine-induced immunoactivation, and cyclosporine, an endecapeptide that prevents transcription of lymphokine messenger RNA, display mutually synergistic interactions in vitro and in vivo. Using the rigorous median-effect analysis to dissect the nature of immunosuppressive drug interactions, rapamycin significantly augmented the inhibitory effects of cyclosporine and/or dexamethasone upon human peripheral blood lymphocyte activation by phytohemagglutinin, anti-CD3 monoclonal antibody, and mixed lymphocyte reaction. Furthermore, the addition of rapamycin potentiated the activity of cyclosporine to reduce cytotoxic cell generation and precursor frequency during in vitro alloactivation, using cell-mediated lympholysis and limiting dilution analyses, respectively. Similarly, cyclosporine potentiated the inhibitory effects of rapamycin upon proliferation of IL-2 (CTLL-2) and IL-6 (MH60.BSF-2) lymphokine-dependent cell lines. Lineweaver-Burk plots of the Michaelis-Menton equation suggested rapamycin inhibits IL-2 signal transduction in competitive, and IL-6 signal transduction in noncompetitive fashion, suggesting distinctive components of the various cytokine-receptor mechanisms. In vivo the cyclosporine/rapamycin combination exerted synergistic immunosuppression of rejection reactions in rats toward heterotopic cardiac allografts, using concentrations at which drugs were individually ineffective. These observations suggest that cyclosporine and rapamycin may be combined at significantly reduced doses to achieve unprecedented levels of immunosuppressive efficacy.
Toward 1000-ch electrode array based on distributed microchip architecture for retinal prosthesis

A smart stimulator for retinal prosthesis that is biocompatible and fully compatible with a standard LSI structure was developed towards the goal of 1000-ch electrodes. Our stimulator is based on multi-microchip architecture and offers mechanical flexibility as a result of the distributed architecture used for the micro-sized LSI chips, which are small enough that the array can be bent. The device should allow tight fitting to the eyeball and thus effective stimulation of retinal cells. In addition, our stimulator can reduce the number of electrical connections required between electrodes; inter-chip communication circuits incorporated in the micro-sized LSI chip help to reduce electrical wiring between the micro-nodes. Toward a 1000-ch electrode, we have improved the smart distributed microchip-based stimulator
Pain tolerance in patients presenting to primary care and physiotherapy services with upper limb disorders

Background: Arm pain is a common cause of incapacity for work and is often attributed to occupational activities, but in many cases the pathogenesis is unclear. Objective: To investigate whether arm pain in the absence of identifiable underlying pathology is associated with reduced tolerance of painful sensory stimuli. Methods: 133 incident cases of arm pain, recruited from primary care and physiotherapy services, were classified according to a validated diagnostic algorithm. Pain tolerance was measured at three sites in each arm in response to electrocutaneous stimulation. Associations with pain tolerance (the geometric mean of the six measurements at 5 Hz) were assessed by linear regression, and findings were summarised as proportional changes in pain tolerance. Results: Pain tolerance was generally lower than in an earlier community survey. Women had a lower tolerance than men. After allowance for sex, age, use of analgesics and anatomical extent of pain, there was no indication of reduced tolerance in patients with non-specific pain relative to those with specific local pathology. Conclusions: Pain tolerance may be generally reduced in patients presenting to medical services with arm pain, but those with non-specific pain do not seem to have lower tolerance than those with identifiable local pathology.
A New Methodology for Mining Frequent Itemsets on Temporal Data

Temporal data contain time-stamping information that affects the results of data mining. Traditional techniques for finding frequent itemsets assume that datasets are static and the induced rules are relevant across the entire dataset. However, this is not the case when data is temporal. In this paper, we are trying to improve the efficiency of mining frequent itemsets on temporal data. Since patterns can hold in either all or some of the intervals, we propose a new algorithm to restrict time intervals, which is called frequent itemset mining with time cubes. Our focus is developing an efficient algorithm for this mining problem by extending the well-known a priori algorithm. The notion of time cubes is proposed to handle time hierarchies. This is the way by which the patterns that happen periodically, during a time interval or both, are recognized. A new density threshold is also proposed to solve the overestimating problem of time periods and also make sure that discovered patterns are valid. We evaluate our algorithms via experiments.
Functions and Mechanisms of Fibroblast Growth Factor (FGF) Signalling in Drosophila melanogaster

Intercellular signalling via growth factors plays an important role in controlling cell differentiation and cell movements during the development of multicellular animals. Fibroblast Growth Factor (FGF) signalling induces changes in cellular behaviour allowing cells in the embryo to move, to survive, to divide or to differentiate. Several examples argue that FGF signalling is used in multi-step morphogenetic processes to achieve and maintain a transitional state of the cells required for the control of cell fate. In the genetic model Drosophila melanogaster, FGF signalling via the receptor tyrosine kinases Heartless (Htl) and Breathless (Btl) is particularly well studied. These FGF receptors affect gene expression, cell shape and cell–cell interactions during mesoderm layer formation, caudal visceral muscle (CVM) formation, tracheal morphogenesis and glia differentiation. Here, we will address the current knowledge of the biological functions of FGF signalling in the fly on the tissue, at a cellular and molecular level.
An Orally Bioavailable Synthetic Analog of an Active Dehydroepiandrosterone Metabolite Reduces Established Disease in Rodent Models of Rheumatoid Arthritis

Dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA) treatment provides diverse anti-inflammatory benefits in rodent models of diseases, including rheumatoid arthritis (RA), but only limited benefits to patients. In rodents, DHEA is metabolized to (among others) androstene-3β,7β,17β-triol (AET), which retains potent anti-inflammatory activity. 17α-Ethynyl-5-androstene-3β,7β,17β-triol (HE3286) is a novel, metabolically stabilized, orally bioavailable derivative of AET. In the DBA mouse model of collagen-induced arthritis (CIA), once-daily oral treatments (gavage) with HE3286 (40 mg/kg), beginning at onset of disease, significantly decreased disease. Benefit was associated with reduction in joint inflammation, erosion, and synovial proliferation as measured by histological analysis and mRNA of proinflammatory cytokines, including tumor necrosis factor-α, interleukin (IL)-6, IL-1β, and IL-23. Significant benefit was also observed in the CIA model even when treatments were delayed until 7 days after the onset of arthritis. Furthermore, dose-dependent benefit was observed in the DBA mouse model of collagen antibody-induced arthritis, as well as reductions in IL-6 and matrix metalloproteinase-3 mRNA levels in joints at the peak of disease and at the end of the study. HE3286, in contrast to dexamethasone, was not immune-suppressive in several classic animal models of immune function. Instead, HE3286 treatment was associated with reduced nuclear factor-κB activation and in our previous studies, with increased regulatory T cells. We hypothesize that HE3286 may represent a novel, perhaps first-in-class, anti-inflammatory agent and may more fully translate the benefits of DHEA, heretofore largely limited to rodents, into treatments for human diseases, including autoimmune disorders such as RA.
Mobile robot localisation and map building using monocular vision

In this paper we analyze the fundamental aspects of the construction of indoor maps suitable for their use in navigation tasks by a mobile robot We highlight the limitations inherent to the use of a priori maps We show the fundamental problems related to the simultaneous construction of the map and the localization of the robot within this map We describe an experiment with the use of a monocular vision system to build a vertical edge based environmental map for robot localization purposes and discuss its results
Some Issues on Ontology Integration

The word integration has been used with different meanings in the ontology field. This article aims at clarifying the meaning of the word “integration” and presenting some of the relevant work done in integration. We identify three meanings of ontology “integration”: when building a new ontology reusing (by assembling, extending, specializing or adapting) other ontologies already available; when building an ontology by merging several ontologies into a single one that unifies all of them; when building an application using one or more ontologies. We discuss the different meanings of “integration”, identify the main characteristics of the three different processes and proposethree words to distinguish among those meanings:integration, merge and use.
Estimation of Winter Wheat Above-Ground Biomass Using Unmanned Aerial Vehicle-Based Snapshot Hyperspectral Sensor and Crop Height Improved Models

Correct estimation of above-ground biomass (AGB) is necessary for accurate crop growth monitoring and yield prediction. We estimated AGB based on images obtained with a snapshot hyperspectral sensor (UHD 185 firefly, Cubert GmbH, Ulm, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany) mounted on an unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV). The UHD 185 images were used to calculate the crop height and hyperspectral reflectance of winter wheat canopies from hyperspectral and panchromatic images. We constructed several single-parameter models for AGB estimation based on spectral parameters, such as specific bands, spectral indices (e.g., Ratio Vegetation Index (RVI), NDVI, Greenness Index (GI) and Wide Dynamic Range VI (WDRVI)) and crop height and several models combined with spectral parameters and crop height. Comparison with experimental results indicated that incorporating crop height into the models improved the accuracy of AGB estimations (the average AGB is 6.45 t/ha). The estimation accuracy of single-parameter models was low (crop height only: R2 = 0.50, RMSE = 1.62 t/ha, MAE = 1.24 t/ha; R670 only: R2 = 0.54, RMSE = 1.55 t/ha, MAE = 1.23 t/ha; NDVI only: R2 = 0.37, RMSE = 1.81 t/ha, MAE = 1.47 t/ha; partial least squares regression R2 = 0.53, RMSE = 1.69, MAE = 1.20), but accuracy increased when crop height and spectral parameters were combined (partial least squares regression modeling: R2 = 0.78, RMSE = 1.08 t/ha, MAE = 0.83 t/ha; verification: R2 = 0.74, RMSE = 1.20 t/ha, MAE = 0.96 t/ha). Our results suggest that crop height determined from the new UAV-based snapshot hyperspectral sensor can improve AGB estimation and is advantageous for mapping applications. This new method can be used to guide agricultural management.
The effects of prolonged fixation on the measurements of the brain of macaques

The immediate effects of some perfusion-fixation fluids on the measurements of the brain of macaques were studied in a recent paper (Frontera, '58). It was felt that a follow-up study of the subsequent changes in the measurements produced by the various fixatives would be of interest, and perhaps might help to establish the optimum time for fixation after perfusion. The literature on the subject was covered in sufficient detail in the paper cited to which the reader is referred. Any other pertinent reference will be mentioned in the course of the presentation. MATERIALS AND METHODS
Identification of a protein kinase A regulatory subunit from Leishmania having importance in metacyclogenesis through induction of autophagy

cAMP‐mediated responses act as modulators of environmental sensing and cellular differentiation of many kinetoplastidae parasites including Leishmania. Although cAMP synthesizing (adenylate cyclase) and degrading (phosphodiesterase) enzymes have been cloned and characterized from Leishmania, no cAMP‐binding effector molecule has yet been identified from this parasite. In this study, a regulatory subunit of cAMP‐dependent protein kinase (Ldpkar1), homologous to mammalian class I cAMP‐dependent protein kinase regulatory subunit, has been identified from L. donovani. Further characterization suggested possible interaction of LdPKAR1 with PKA catalytic subunits and inhibition of PKA activity. This PKA regulatory subunit is expressed in all life cycle stages and its expression attained maximum level in stationary phase promastigotes, which are biochemically similar to the infective metacyclic promastigotes. Starvation condition, the trigger for metacyclogenesis in the parasite, elevates LdPKAR1 expression and under starvation condition promastigotes overexpressing Ldpkar1 attained metacyclic features earlier than normal cells. Furthermore, Ldpkar1 overexpression accelerates autophagy, a starvation‐induced cytological event necessary for metacyclogenesis and amastigote formation. Conditional silencing of Ldpkar1 delays the induction of autophagy in the parasite. The study, for the first time, reports the identification of a functional cAMP‐binding effector molecule from Leishmania that may modulate important cytological events affecting metacyclogenesis.
Maspin expression inhibits osteolysis, tumor growth, and angiogenesis in a model of prostate cancer bone metastasis

Emerging evidence indicates that tumor-associated proteolytic remodeling of bone matrix may underlie the capacity of tumor cells to colonize and survive in the bone microenvironment. Of particular importance, urokinase-type plasminogen activator (uPA) has been shown to correlate with human prostate cancer (PC) metastasis. The importance of this protease may be related to its ability to initiate a proteolytic cascade, leading to the activation of multiple proteases and growth factors. Previously, we showed that maspin, a serine protease inhibitor, specifically inhibits PC-associated uPA and PC cell invasion and motility in vitro. In this article, we showed that maspin-expressing transfectant cells derived from PC cell line DU145 were inhibited in in vitro extracellular matrix and collagen degradation assays. To test the effect of tumor-associated maspin on PC-induced bone matrix remodeling and tumor growth, we injected the maspin-transfected DU145 cells into human fetal bone fragments, which were previously implanted in immunodeficient mice. These studies showed that maspin expression decreased tumor growth, reduced osteolysis, and decreased angiogenesis. Furthermore, the maspin-expressing tumors contained significant fibrosis and collagen staining, and exhibited a more glandular organization. These data represent evidence that maspin inhibits PC-induced bone matrix remodeling and induces PC glandular redifferentiation. These results support our current working hypothesis that maspin exerts its tumor suppressive role, at least in part, by blocking the pericellular uPA system and suggest that maspin may offer an opportunity to improve therapeutic intervention of bone metastasis.