Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Stereotypies and tardive dyskinesia: abnormal movements in autistic children.

Baseline stereotypic movements in 224 autistic children were studied as well as their relationship to certain demographic variables and measures of overall symptomatology and severity of illness. Prediction of haloperidol-related dyskinesias with measures of stereotypies and demographic variables was also attempted. Stereotypies were present in at least mild form in most children, with most showing moderate severity. Most stereotypies were in the orofacial area. I.Q. was found to be negatively related to stereotypies. Furthermore, across methods of assessment, severity and frequency of stereotypies were found to be positively related to overall symptomatology and severity of illness. No significant predictors of development of dyskinesias were found.
Enhancing privacy protection in fault replication systems

Error reporting systems are valuable mechanisms for enhancing software reliability. Unfortunately, though, conventional error reporting systems are prone to leaking sensitive user information, raising strong privacy concerns. In this work we introduce RE SPA (Recursive Shortest Path-based Anonymizer), a system for generating failure-reproducing, yet anonymized, error reports. RE SPA relies on symbolic execution, executed at client side, in order to identify alternative failure-inducing paths in the program's execution graph, and derive the logical conditions, called path conditions, that define the set of user inputs reproducing these executions. Anonymized failure-inducing inputs are then synthesized using any (random) solution satisfying the path conditions. The search for alternative failure-inducing executions is based on an innovative algorithm that exploits three key ideas: i) ReSPA relies on binary search to determine, in an efficient way, which portions of the original execution should be preserved in the alternative one; ii) in order to identify alternative execution paths with low information leakage, ReSPA explores the execution graph by leveraging on the Djikstra's shortest path algorithm with information leakage as the distance metric; iii) ReSPA ensures provable non-reversibility of the alternative inputs it produces via a recursive technique that anonymizes the alternative inputs found after running the algorithm. We show via an evaluation based on six large, widely used applications and real bugs that ReSPA reduces information leak-age up to 99.76%, and on average by 93.92%. This corresponds to an average increase in privacy by 40% with respect to state-of-the-art systems, with gains that extend up to almost 20x.
Efficient Nonuniform Fourier Reconstruction for Spaceborne/Airborne Bistatic SAR

In this letter, an efficient imaging algorithm is proposed for reconstructing the spaceborne/airborne bistatic synthetic aperture radar (SA-BSAR) data acquired with a high squint angle. By utilizing the Taylor expansion and the chain rule for derivatives of composite function, the expression of the SA-BSAR ideal matching filter is converted to a 2-D nonuniform discrete Fourier transform (NUDFT). Due to neither input nor output data of the NUDFT being equispaced, nonuniform fast Fourier transform of type 3 (NUFFT-3) is implemented to speed up the SA-BSAR image reconstruction. The computation complexity of the proposed imaging algorithm is O(MNlogMN), where MN is the number of the image pixels. Simulation results demonstrate the validity of the proposed algorithm.
A Deep Q-Learning Method for Downlink Power Allocation in Multi-Cell Networks

Optimal resource allocation is a fundamental challenge for dense and heterogeneous wireless networks with massive wireless connections. Because of the non-convex nature of the optimization problem, it is computationally demanding to obtain the optimal resource allocation. Recently, deep reinforcement learning (DRL) has emerged as a promising technique in solving non-convex optimization problems. Unlike deep learning (DL), DRL does not require any optimal/ near-optimal training dataset which is either unavailable or computationally expensive in generating synthetic data. In this paper, we propose a novel centralized DRL based downlink power allocation scheme for a multi-cell system intending to maximize the total network throughput. Specifically, we apply a deep Q-learning (DQL) approach to achieve near-optimal power allocation policy. For benchmarking the proposed approach, we use a Genetic Algorithm (GA) to obtain near-optimal power allocation solution. Simulation results show that the proposed DRL-based power allocation scheme performs better compared to the conventional power allocation schemes in a multi-cell scenario.
Optimizing SMT Processors for High Single-Thread Performance

Simultaneous Multithreading (SMT) processors achieve high processor throughput at the expense of single-thread performance. This paper investigates resource allocation policies for SMT processors that preserve, as much as possible, the single-thread performance of designated “foreground” threads, while still permitting other “background” threads to share resources. Since background threads o ns uch an SMT machine have an ear-zero performance impact on foreground threads, we refer to the background threads as transparent threads. Transparent threads are ideal for performing low-priority or non-critical computations, with applications in process scheduling, subordinate multithreading, and on-line performance monitoring. To realize transparent threads, we propose three mechanisms for maintaining the transparency of background threads: slot prioritization, background thread instruction-window partitioning, and background thread flushing. In addition, we propose three mechanisms to boost background thread performance without sacrificing transparency: aggressive fetch partitioning, foreground thread instruction-window partitioning, and foreground thread flushing. We implement our mechanisms on a detailed simulator of an SMT processor, and evaluate them using 8 benchmarks, including 7 from the SPEC CPU2000 suite. Our results show when cache and branch predictor interference are factored out, background threads introduce less than 1% performance degradation on the foreground thread. Furthermore, maintaining the transparency of background threads reduces their throughput by only 23% relative to an equal priority scheme. To demonstrate the usefulness of transparent threads, we study Transparent Software Prefetching (TSP), an implementation of software data prefetching using transparent threads. Due to its near-zero overhead, TSP enables prefetch instrumentation for all loads in a program, eliminating the need for profiling. TSP, without any profile information, achieves a 9.41% gain across 6 SPEC benchmarks, whereas conventional software prefetching guided by cache-miss profiles increases performance by only 2.47%.
Risk Factors for Anastomotic Leak After Colon Resection for Cancer: Multivariate Analysis and Nomogram From a Multicentric, Prospective, National Study With 3193 Patients.

OBJECTIVE To determine pre-/intraoperative risk factors for anastomotic leak after colon resection for cancer and to create a practical instrument for predicting anastomotic leak risk. BACKGROUND Anastomotic leak is still the most dreaded complication in colorectal surgery. Many risk factors have been identified to date, but multicentric prospective studies on anastomotic leak after colon resection are lacking. METHODS Fifty-two hospitals participated in this prospective, observational study. Data of 3193 patients, operated for colon cancer with primary anastomosis without stoma, were included in a prospective online database (September 2011-September 2012). Forty-two pre-/intraoperative variables, related to patient, tumor, surgical procedure, and hospital, were analyzed as potential independent risk factors for anastomotic leak (60-day follow-up). A nomogram was created to easily predict the risk of anastomotic leak for a given patient. RESULTS The anastomotic leak rate was 8.7%, and widely varied between hospitals (variance of 0.24 on the logit scale). Anastomotic leak significantly increased mortality (15.2% vs 1.9% in patients without anastomotic leak, P < 0.0001) and length of hospitalization (median 23 vs 7 days in uncomplicated patients, P < 0.0001). In the multivariate analysis, the following variables were independent risk factors for anastomotic leak: obesity [P = 0.003, odds ratio (OR) = 2.7], preoperative serum total proteins (P = 0.03, OR = 0.7 per g/dL), male sex (P = 0.03, OR = 1.6), ongoing anticoagulant treatment (P = 0.05, OR = 1.8), intraoperative complication (P = 0.03, OR = 2.2), and number of hospital beds (P = 0.04, OR = 0.95 per 100 beds). CONCLUSIONS Anastomotic leak after colon resection for cancer is a frequent, relevant complication. Patients, surgical technique, and hospital are all important determining factors of anastomotic leak risk.
A Probability-Based Instruction Combining Method for Scheduling in VLIW Processors

In this paper, we show that by considering the factor of usage in instruction bundles in VLIW processors and using the slots filled with NOPs in bundles, we can improve the overall performance by reducing the total execution time of the program. By our proposed scheme, Combined Bundle Scheduling (CBS), we have gained better performance compared to that for the PDT scheme (Predicted Decision Tree scheduling) which is the best scheduling strategy known so far.
An Ownership Model of Annotation: The Ancient Greek Dependency Treebank

We describe here the first release of the Ancient Greek Dependency Treebank (AGDT), a 190,903-word syntactically annotated corpus of literary texts including the works of Hesiod, Homer and Aeschylus. While the far larger works of Hesiod and Homer (142,705 words) have been annotated under a standard treebank production method of soliciting annotations from two independent reviewers and then reconciling their differences, we also put forth with Aeschylus (48,198 words) a new model of treebank production that draws on the methods of classical philology to take into account the personal responsibility of the annotator in the publication and ownership of a “scholarly” treebank.
Competitive Analysis of the Mobile Operator Industry-A Case Study of the Hong Kong Market

The purpose of this study is to describe the industry for mobile network operators in Hong Kong and conduct a strategic analysis. The various strategies pursued by the operators are pinpointed and the valuable resources for each strategy discussed. The market is analyzed by applying the Industrial Organization-framework and the Resource-Based view. Information about the market has been collected by interviews and by studying the operators' promotions and offers. A substantial amount of secondary data has also been studied. There are six mobile operators in Hong Kong. Hutchison, with historical reasons to its low quality of service, is targeting the mass market and offers among the lowest prices. It has currently the largest market share. The second largest operator, C&W HKT, focuses on the business segment and takes full advantage of its heritage from the era as monopolist. Sunday, with the founders having a background in Hutchison, is pursuing a similar strategy as Hutchison but with an increased focus on youth and life style. Both Hutchison and Sunday are aiming on a revenue migration from voice transmission to internet-based services. New World is offering value-for-money for the mass market and Peoples is striving for survival and profitability. The strongest forces of competition are rivalry among incumbent operators and the bargaining power of buyers. The threat of entry and the bargaining power of suppliers are of medium strength while the pressure from substitute products is weak. The most important resources and competencies are depending on the pursued strategy. A configuration of the network aligned with the operator's overall strategy is a source to a potential competitive advantage. Other operations within the same corporation can be of advantage as it provides the operator with patient capital, which enables the operator to keep a long-term perspective in its strategy. Other operations may also be a source of competitive advantages in terms of distribution, branding and low cost. None of the operators seems to take advantage of other operations within the telecommunications or media industry. While Hutchison and Sunday are leaving the cost-leadership position it becomes open for other operators. There is currently no operator aiming on serving the segment that finds data transmission unnecessary. All operators seem somewhat myopic in their approach to new technologies and do not want to lag behind in the technological development. The customers that do not want to upgrade their usage to new technologies with increased data transmission …
Slip rates of the Karakorum fault, Ladakh, India, determined using cosmic ray exposure dating of debris flows and moraines

most recent major glacial advance occurred at 90 ± 15 ka. This is consistent with the inference of others that alpine glaciers in this region have not necessarily expanded in concert with Northern Hemisphere continental ice sheets. If features, including lateral moraines, that Liu inferred to have been offset 300–350 m by the Karakorum fault date from the same period, they too imply a slip rate of 3–4 mm yr � 1 . This slip rate is comparable to rates of extension across grabens within Tibet. With recent evidence that slip along the Altyn Tagh fault occurs at � 10 mm yr � 1 , our rate suggests that slip along the boundaries of Tibet is not significantly more rapid than extension within the plateau. Hence, plate tectonics, in the strictest sense, ought not be applied to Tibet, because Tibet does not behave as a rigid plate. INDEX TERMS: 1824 Hydrology: Geomorphology (1625); 1035 Geochemistry: Geochronology; 9320 Information Related to Geographic Region: Asia; 8107 Tectonophysics: Continental neotectonics; KEYWORDS: Karakorum Fault, slip rate, cosmic ray exposure age, beryllium 10
Measurement of Olfaction in Children with Autism by Olfactory Display Using Pulse Ejection

Autism Spectrum Disorders (ASD) is considered as one of the developmental difficulties caused by dysfunctions of the brain. There are a variety of symptoms with ASD, but these can be significantly improved by appropriate treatment and education. Thus, it is important to find the patients with ASD while young. Recently, research on the olfactory senses of patients with ASD is being done. It is reported that there are differences of odor detection and identification abilities between people with ASD and controls. Our aim was to develop the screening examination by olfaction, hence we developed an application to assess the odor detection and identification abilities in children by using olfactory display which uses pulse ejection. We also investigated the olfactory abilities of the children with ASD using the application. However, we found some problems with application, and we made improvements. After the improvements, we assess the olfactory abilities of the typically developing children. As a result, we saw similar tendency as in the related works on olfactory abilities in children with ASD by the olfactory display.
Reduction of Ribosome Level Triggers Flocculation of Fission Yeast Cells

ABSTRACT Deletion of ribosomal protein L32 genes resulted in a nonsexual flocculation of fission yeast. Nonsexual flocculation also occurred when two other ribosomal protein genes, rpl21-2 and rpl9-2, were deleted. However, deletion of two nonribosomal protein genes, mpg and fbp, did not cause flocculation. Overall transcript levels of rpl32 in rpl32-1Δ and rpl32-2Δ cells were reduced by 35.9% and 46.9%, respectively, and overall ribosome levels in rpl32-1Δ and rpl32-2Δ cells dropped 31.1% and 27.8%, respectively, compared to wild-type cells. Interestingly, ribosome protein expression levels and ribosome levels were also reduced greatly in sexually flocculating diploid YHL6381/WT (h+/h−) cells compared to a mixture of YHL6381 (h+) and WT (h−) nonflocculating haploid cells. Transcriptome analysis indicated that the reduction of ribosomal levels in sexual flocculating cells was caused by more-extensive suppression of ribosomal biosynthesis gene expression, while the reduction of ribosomal levels caused by deleting ribosomal protein genes in nonsexual flocculating cells was due to an imbalance between ribosomal proteins. We propose that once the reduction of ribosomal levels is below a certain threshold value, flocculation is triggered.
An Insight into the Diverse Roles of Surfactant Proteins, SP-A and SP-D in Innate and Adaptive Immunity

Surfactant proteins SP-A and SP-D are hydrophilic, collagen-containing calcium-dependent lectins, which appear to have a range of innate immune functions at pulmonary as well as extrapulmonary sites. These proteins bind to target ligands on pathogens, allergens, and apoptotic cells, via C-terminal homotrimeric carbohydrate recognition domains, while the collagen region brings about the effector functions via its interaction with cell surface receptors. SP-A and SP-D deal with various pathogens, using a range of innate immune mechanisms such as agglutination/aggregation, enhancement of phagocytosis, and killing mechanisms by phagocytic cells and direct growth inhibition. SP-A and SP-D have also been shown to be involved in the control of pulmonary inflammation including allergy and asthma. Emerging evidence suggest that SP-A and SP-D are capable of linking innate immunity with adaptive immunity that includes modulation of dendritic cell function and helper T cell polarization. This review enumerates immunological properties of SP-A and SP-D inside and outside lungs and discusses their importance in human health and disease.
Prevalence and risk factors of latent Tuberculosis among adolescents in rural Eastern Uganda.

BACKGROUND Latent Tuberculosis treatment is a key tuberculosis control intervention. Adolescents are a high risk group that is not routinely treated in low income countries. Knowledge of latent Tuberculosis (TB) burden among adolescents may influence policy. OBJECTIVES We determined the prevalence and risk factors of latent TB infection among adolescents in rural Uganda. METHODS We analyzed baseline data from a study that assessed the prevalence and incidence of Tuberculosis disease among adolescents. We extracted socio-demographics, medical assessment information, and tuberculin skin test results and estimated prevalence ratios (PR) of latent TB infection risk factors by binomial regression. RESULTS The prevalence of latent TB was 16.1%, 95% CI (15.1 - 17.2). Significant risk factors were: a BCG scar, APR 1.29 (95% CI 1.12 - 1.48); male gender, APR 1.37 (95% CI 1.21 - 1.56); age 17 -18 years, APR 1.46 (95% CI 1.24 - 1.71) and 15-16 years, APR 1.25 (95% CI 1.07 - 1.46) compared to 12-14 years; being out of school, APR 1.31 (95% CI 1.05 - 1.62); and a known history of household TB contact in last 2 years, APR 1.91 (95% CI 1.55 - 2.35). CONCLUSION Targeted routine latent TB treatment among adolescents out of school may be crucial for TB disease control in low income countries.
Towards Machine Translation in Semantic Vector Space

Measuring the quality of the translation rules and their composition is an essential issue in the conventional statistical machine translation (SMT) framework. To express the translation quality, the previous lexical and phrasal probabilities are calculated only according to the co-occurrence statistics in the bilingual corpus and may be not reliable due to the data sparseness problem. To address this issue, we propose measuring the quality of the translation rules and their composition in the semantic vector embedding space (VES). We present a recursive neural network (RNN)-based translation framework, which includes two submodels. One is the bilingually-constrained recursive auto-encoder, which is proposed to convert the lexical translation rules into compact real-valued vectors in the semantic VES. The other is a type-dependent recursive neural network, which is proposed to perform the decoding process by minimizing the semantic gap (meaning distance) between the source language string and its translation candidates at each state in a bottom-up structure. The RNN-based translation model is trained using a max-margin objective function that maximizes the margin between the reference translation and the n-best translations in forced decoding. In the experiments, we first show that the proposed vector representations for the translation rules are very reliable for application in translation modeling. We further show that the proposed type-dependent, RNN-based model can significantly improve the translation quality in the large-scale, end-to-end Chinese-to-English translation evaluation.
Defining the HIV pre-exposure prophylaxis care continuum

Pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) is an effective HIV prevention strategy. There is little scientific consensus about how to measure PrEP program implementation progress. We draw on several years of experience in implementing PrEP programs and propose a PrEP continuum of care that includes: (1) identifying individuals at highest risk for contracting HIV, (2) increasing HIV risk awareness among those individuals, (3) enhancing PrEP awareness, (4) facilitating PrEP access, (5) linking to PrEP care, (6) prescribing PrEP, (7) initiating PrEP, (8) adhering to PrEP, and (9) retaining individuals in PrEP care. We also propose four distinct categories of PrEP retention in care that include being: (1) indicated for PrEP and retained in PrEP care, (2) indicated for PrEP and not retained in PrEP care, (3) no longer indicated for PrEP, and (4) lost to follow-up for PrEP care. This continuum of PrEP care creates a framework that researchers and practitioners can use to measure PrEP awareness, uptake, adherence, and retention. Understanding each point along the proposed continuum of PrEP care is critical for developing effective PrEP interventions and for measuring public health progress in PrEP program implementation.
Dynamics of a magnetic skyrmionium in an anisotropy gradient

A magnetic skyrmionium is a novel magnetization configuration with a zero skyrmion number, which can be viewed as a combination of two skyrmions with opposite skyrmion numbers. Here, we analytically and numerically study the dynamics of a skyrmionium under an anisotropy gradient. We find that the skyrmionium moves straight and can be efficiently driven by an anisotropy gradient with higher speed. Furthermore, skyrmionium deformation in a larger anisotropy gradient can be effectively suppressed by narrowing the width of the film. Our work shows an alternative driving method that may be promising for applications of skyrmionium-based racetrack memory.