Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Minimization of the Total Traveling Distance and Maximum Distance by Using a Transformed-Based Encoding EDA to Solve the Multiple Traveling Salesmen Problem

Estimation of distribution algorithms (EDAs) have been used to solve numerous hard problems. However, their use with in-group optimization problems has not been discussed extensively in the literature. A well-known in-group optimization problem is the multiple traveling salesmen problem (mTSP), which involves simultaneous assignment and sequencing procedures and are shown in different forms. This paper presents a new algorithm, named , which is based on self-guided genetic algorithm with a minimum loading assignment (MLA) rule. This strategy uses the transformed-based encoding approach instead of direct encoding. The solution space of the proposed method is only . We compare the proposed algorithm against the optimal direct encoding technique, the two-part encoding genetic algorithm, and, in experiments on 34 TSP instances drawn from the TSPLIB, find that its solution space is . The scale of the experiments exceeded that presented in prior studies. The results show that the proposed algorithm was superior to the two-part encoding genetic algorithm in terms of minimizing the total traveling distance. Notably, the proposed algorithm did not cause a longer traveling distance when the number of salesmen was increased from 3 to 10. The results suggest that EDA researchers should employ the MLA rule instead of direct encoding in their proposed algorithms.
Corporate governance and capital structure: dynamic panel threshold analysis

ABSTRACT This paper examines the nonlinear connection between corporate governance (CG) and corporate leverage. Our study applied the dynamic panel threshold model (DPTM) to facilitate the capture of the nonlinear effect of CG on a firm’s leverage for Japanese listed companies. Additionally, our study sought to demonstrate the linkage between CG and the speed of adjustment (SOA), particularly following the reforms in Japan’s CG system, to reach a targeted level of leverage. The empirical findings confirm the presence of the threshold influence of managerial ownership and board size, thus confirming their nonlinear impact on capital structure. Moreover, at a low level of managerial ownership, the SOA for firms to achieve the optimal level of leverage is faster than it is for firms with a high level of managerial ownership (MO), while firms with a larger board achieve their targeted level of leverage quicker than firms with a smaller board. Our findings indicate that recent reforms in Japan’s CG system seem to have been inefficient, with no positive effect on corporate leverage.
Over Recurrence for Mixing Transformations

We show that every invertible strong mixing transformation on a Lebesgue space has strictly over-recurrent sets. Also, we give an explicit procedure for constructing strong mixing transformations with no under-recurrent sets. This answers both parts of a question of V. Bergelson. We define $\epsilon$-over-recurrence and show that given $\epsilon > 0$, any ergodic measure preserving invertible transformation (including discrete spectrum) has $\epsilon$-over-recurrent sets of arbitrarily small measure. Discrete spectrum transformations and rotations do not have over-recurrent sets, but we construct a weak mixing rigid transformation with strictly over-recurrent sets.
Implementation of the Group-ESDM in a Childcare Setting Serving Under-Resourced Communities

This pilot feasibility study applies the RE-AIM Implementation Science Framework to examine the implementation and preliminary signals of the effectiveness of integrating the Group–Early Start Denver Model (G-ESDM) in an early childhood education center serving under-resourced communities. Five preschoolers diagnosed with autism, their caregivers, and teachers participated for 6 months. Standardized assessments documented improvements in adaptive, cognitive, and communication functioning for most participants. The majority of parents reported reduced daily stress and a greater ability to maintain their employment. A staff survey indicated high perceived feasibility and acceptability of the intervention along with a strong intent to continue treatment after the study concluded. Fidelity improved over time with staff integrating G-ESDM techniques at an acceptable fidelity level (>70%) by the second half of the study. Findings across all RE-AIM Implementation Science Framework domains indicate that incorporating the G-ESDM into this setting was feasible, acceptable, and potentially beneficial for children and their families in underserved communities.
Veiling glare deconvolution of images produced by X-ray image intensifiers

A theoretical model based on energy diffusion calculations has been used to explain veiling glare. According to this theoretical model veiling glare is characterised by two parameters the mean scattering length and the mean scattering percentage and can be determined from a series of contrast ratio measurements. Once the form of the veiling glare PSF is known it is possible to study the enhancement of digital fluorograms by veiling glare deconvolution. A filter was used to deconvolve an edge profile in one dimension. Analysis of the edge profile indicated that the filter function had been effective in unblurring the edge. A two dimensional deconvolution algorithm was applied along the central section of a lead disk and found to reduce the effects of veiling glare.
Adapted Downhill Simplex Method for Pricing Convertible Bonds

The paper is devoted to modeling optimal exercise strategies of the behavior of investors and issuers working with convertible bonds. This implies solution of the problems of stock price modeling, payoff computation and min-max optimization. Stock prices (underlying asset) were modeled under the assumption of the geometric Brownian motion of their values. The Monte Carlo method was used for calculating the real payoff which is the objective function. The min-max optimization problem was solved using the derivative-free Downhill Simplex method. The performed numerical experiments allowed to formulate recommendations for the choice of appropriate size of the initial simplex in the Downhill Simplex Method, the number of generated trajectories of underlying asset, the size of the problem and initial trajectories of the behavior of investors and issuers.
Fundamental limits to the optical response of lossy media

Owen D. Miller, Athanasios G. Polimeridis, M. T. Homer Reid, Chia Wei Hsu, Brendan G. DeLacy, John D. Joannopoulos, Marin Soljačić, and Steven G. Johnson Department of Mathematics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139 Skolkovo Institute of Science and Technology, 143025 Moscow Region, Russia Department of Applied Physics, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06520 U.S. Army Edgewood Chemical Biological Center, Research and Technology Directorate, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21010 Department of Physics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139
Evaluation of Right Ventricular Performance in Ischemic Patients with or without Significant Right Coronary Artery Disease

Background: Optimal cardiac performance relies on integrity between left ventricle (LV) and right ventricle (RV) owing to variety of factors as shared coronary circulation. RV systolic dysfunction identified as a poor prognostic factor. Objectives: We aimed at assessing the impact of LV ischemia on RV performance in occurrence or absence of right coronary artery (RCA) disease. Subjects and methods: We enrolled 40 patients with proven LV ischemia. All patients were subjected to myocardial perfusion imaging and coronary angiography. LV and RV functional parameters were assessed in all individuals using conventional echocardiography, tissue Doppler imaging (TDI), two-dimensional speckle tracking echocardiography (2D-STE) and 4-dimensional echocardiography (4DE). Results: We divided our patients based on presence or absence of angiographic significant RCA disease into two groups. Group I with RCA involvement (22 patients) and Group II without significant RCA involvement (18 patients). Group I was older, predominantly men and more hypertensive (HTN) compared to Group II, however it did not reach statistical significance. Our study demonstrated reduced RV performance in both groups however, it didn’t reach the statistical significance. Conclusion: RV performance was impaired in ischemic heart disease (IHD) but not significantly affected by the presence or absence of RCA affection, denoting that the right ventricular performance is directly interdependent on the left ventricular function in ischemic heart disease. echocardiographic of RV and RV in 22 into of 9 patients of group II any significant difference between both apart from larger RV-ESA in Group I compared to Group II echocardiography; FAC, fractional area change; EDV, end-diastolic volume; ESV, end-systolic volume; TAPSE, tricuspid annular plane systolic excursion; Sa, myocardial systolic excursion velocity; MPI, myocardial performance index; TV, tricuspid valve; Aa, myocardial late diastolic or atrial excursion velocity; . * indicate that p≤0.05.
Bayesian nonparametric mixture modeling for temporal dynamics of gender stereotypes

The study of temporal dynamics of gender and ethnic stereotypes is an important topic in many disciplines at the intersection between statistics and social sciences. In this paper, we make use of word embeddings, a common tool in natural language processing, and of Bayesian nonparametric mixture modeling for the analysis of temporal dynamics of gender stereotypes in adjectives and occupation over the 20th and 21st centuries in the United States. Our Bayesian nonparametric approach relies on a novel dependent Dirichlet process prior, and it allows for both dynamic density estimation and dynamic clustering of adjective embedding and occupation embedding biases in a hierarchical setting. Posterior inference is performed through a particle Markov chain Monte Carlo algorithm which is simple and computationally efﬁcient. An application to time-dependent data for adjective embedding bias and for occupation embedding bias shows that our approach enables the quantiﬁca-tion of historical trends of gender stereotypes, and hence allows to identify how speciﬁc adjectives and occupations have become more closely associated with a female rather than male over time.
Simulation for Distributions of Several Geometric Parameters in Nulling Pulsars

We investigate the distributions of the obliquity angle and impact parameters of nulling pulsars of different duty cycles based on the simulation of more than 600,000 samples. We adopt a purely geometric approach for pulsar visibility, in which visible emission is emitted tangentially to the magnetic field line and parallel to the line-of-sight direction. The geometry is incorporated with the model for pulsar magnetospheres of multiple emission states, in which the plasma charge density is dependent on the emission state. We assume that an emission state can only exist between two limiting conditions described by the vacuum and corotation models, respectively. In this model, pulse nulling corresponds to emission switching to a state in which the plasma charge density is zero. The event is detectable only if the switching occurs at source points that lie on a trajectory, whose locus defines the locations of visible emission, within an open-field region. Our results show that detectable nulling is dependent on all three parameters, such that nulling pulsars prefer a small obliquity angle and duty cycle, and tend to have positive impact parameters. We find that the total population of nulling pulsars in our samples is around 23%, of which about 47% possess a duty cycle of 0.1 or smaller. The former implies that there are more nulling pulsars than currently known. Our model predicts that the number of nulling pulsars increases as the obliquity angle decreases, which also implies that the occurrence of nulling in a pulsar should evolve over time.
Probing the galactic disk and halo. 1: The NGC 3783 sight line

We report a study of Galactic disk and halo absorption toward the Seyfert galaxy NGC 3783 which has Galactic coordinates l = 287.46 and b = +22.95. The data were obtained with the Goddard High Resolution Spectrograph operating at medium resolution with the Large Science Aperture, which produces a line spread function having a sharp core (full width at half maximum (FWHM) approximately 20 km/s) and broad wings extending to +/- 70 km/s. Ion species detected in absorption near zero LSR velocity include C IV and N V for high ions, and C I, Mg II, Si II, and S II for low ions. Absorption from a high-velocity cloud (HVC) at a velocity of +240 km/s along the sight line is also detected in the ion species of S II, Si II, and probably C I. This is the first reported case where S II and C I absorption has been detected in a HVC. The S II lines are especially useful since metal abundance estimates based on S are largely unaffected by dust grains. The study is aided by the availability of 21 cm emission data.
QSOs with PHL 5200-like broad absorption line profiles

Les trois quasars etudies ici possedent un spectre presentant des raies d'absorption larges caracteristiques, des raies d'emissions larges de C IV et des pics d'emission dus au niveau local du continuum. Les observations discutees ici permettent d'etudier le recouvrement de ces diverses figures spectrales ainsi que leur variabilite
STATISTICAL INFERENCE WITH SIMULATED LIKELIHOOD FUNCTIONS

This paper considers classical test statistics, namely, the likelihood ratio, efficient score, and Wald statistics, for econometric models under simulation estimation. The simulated likelihood ratio, simulated efficient score, and simulated Wald test statistics are shown to be asymptotically equivalent. Because the simulated score vector can be asymptotically biased, limiting distributions of these simulated statistics can be asymptotically noncentral χ2 distributed. This paper studies inference issues with various simulated test statistics. Monte Carlo results are also provided to compare and demonstrate finite sample properties of simulated test statistics.
Embolization in Pediatric Patients: A Comprehensive Review of Indications, Procedures, and Clinical Outcomes

Embolization in pediatric patients encompasses a large spectrum of indications, ranging from the elective treatment of congenital diseases of the cardiovascular system to the urgent management of acute hemorrhagic conditions. In particular, the endovascular treatment of central and peripheral vascular malformations and hypervascular tumors represents a wide chapter for both congenital and acquired situations. Thanks to the progressive availability of low-profile endovascular devices and new embolic materials, the mini-invasive approach has gradually overtaken surgery. In this review, the main embolization procedures will be illustrated and discussed, with a focus on clinical indications and expected outcomes. The most recent mini-invasive techniques will be described, with hints on the cutting-edge devices and embolic materials.
Pine Pollen Polysaccharides’ and Sulfated Polysaccharides’ Effects on UC Mice through Modulation of Cell Tight Junctions and RIPK3-Dependent Necroptosis Pathways

The purpose of this study is to explore the effects of pine pollen polysaccharides and sulfated polysaccharides on mice with ulcerative colitis and whether they could protect mice from inflammation by regulating the tight junctions of colonic epithelial cells and regulating the RIPK3-dependent necroptosis pathways. Pine pollen polysaccharides were prepared by water boiling and ethanol precipitation. After deproteinedization with trichloroacetic acid, the UV spectrum showed that there were no proteins. One polysaccharide component (PPM60-III) was made by gel filtration chromatography, and then sulfated polysaccharide (SPPM60-III) was derived using the chlorosulfonic acid-pyridine method. After treatment with PPM60-III and SPPM60-III, the body weight of mice with ulcerative colitis induced by dextran sodium sulfate increased, the DAI score decreased, the levels of pro-inflammatory factors and inflammation-related enzymes decreased, and the level of anti-inflammatory factors increased. In addition, after treatment, the expressions levels of tight junction proteins increased, the expressions levels of key proteins of programmed necroptosis decreased, while the level of Caspase-8 increased. The results indicated that pine pollen polysaccharides and sulfated polysaccharides have a certain therapeutic effect on UC mice, and the therapeutic effect may be achieved by regulating the tight junction of colonic epithelial cells and regulating the RIPK3-dependent necroptosis pathways
Dose Optimization of Meropenem in Patients on Veno-Arterial Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation in Critically Ill Cardiac Patients: Pharmacokinetic/Pharmacodynamic Modeling

Background: Our objective was to determine an optimal dosage regimen of meropenem in patients receiving veno-arterial extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (V-A ECMO) by developing a pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic (PK/PD) model. Methods: This was a prospective cohort study. Blood samples were collected during ECMO (ECMO-ON) and after ECMO (ECMO-OFF). The population pharmacokinetic model was developed using nonlinear mixed-effects modeling. A Monte Carlo simulation was used (n = 10,000) to assess the probability of target attainment. Results: Thirteen adult patients on ECMO receiving meropenem were included. Meropenem pharmacokinetics was best fitted by a two-compartment model. The final pharmacokinetic model was: CL (L/h) = 3.79 × 0.44CRRT, central volume of distribution (L) = 2.4, peripheral volume of distribution (L) = 8.56, and intercompartmental clearance (L/h) = 21.3. According to the simulation results, if more aggressive treatment is needed (100% fT > MIC target), dose increment or extended infusion is recommended. Conclusions: We established a population pharmacokinetic model for meropenem in patients receiving V-A ECMO and revealed that it is not necessary to adjust the dosage depending on V-A ECMO. Instead, more aggressive treatment is needed than that of standard treatment, and higher dosage is required without continuous renal replacement therapy (CRRT). Also, extended infusion could lead to better target attainment, and we could provide updated nomograms of the meropenem dosage regimen.
In Vitro Evaluation of Anti-Inflammatory and Protective Potential of an Extract from Cornus mas L. Fruit against H2O2-Induced Oxidative Stress in Human Skin Keratinocytes and Fibroblasts

Cornus mas L. is a rich source of valuable compounds with pro-health properties and, therefore, may be attractive for the pharmaceutical and cosmetic industry. This paper attempts to assess the antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and protective effect of an extract from C. mas fruit on skin cells in vitro. The phytochemical analysis of the extract was carried out using UPLC-MS and the content of the main components was determined. The biological activity of the extract was assessed by in vitro analysis using two human cell lines: keratinocytes (HaCaT) and fibroblasts (BJ). Additionally, the ability of this extract to regulate gene expression (SOD-1, Nox-4) in skin cells was evaluated. Moreover, the impact of the extract and its main components, including loganic acid and cornuside, on the level of inflammatory cytokines in H2O2-treated cells was assessed. The tests showed that the extract has strong antioxidant properties and stimulates the proliferation of both types of cells. The results evidence that the Cornus mas L. fruit extract significantly reduces the level of reactive oxygen species in the cells tested and can modulate the expression of genes closely related to oxidative stress. Moreover, it suppresses the production of IL-6, IL-8, and TNF-α, and the effect was related to loganic acid and cornuside. The present research indicates that the analyzed dogwood extract can be an effective means of prevention of cell damage caused by free radicals and have a positive effect on the condition of skin cells.
Dichotomous role of integrin‐β5 in lung endothelial cells

Abstract Pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) is a progressive, devastating disease, and its main histological manifestation is an occlusive pulmonary arteriopathy. One important functional component of PAH is aberrant endothelial cell (EC) function including apoptosis‐resistance, unchecked proliferation, and impaired migration. The mechanisms leading to and maintaining physiologic and aberrant EC function are not fully understood. Here, we tested the hypothesis that in PAH, ECs have increased expression of the transmembrane protein integrin‐β5, which contributes to migration and survival under physiologic and pathological conditions, but also to endothelial‐to‐mesenchymal transition (EnMT). We found that elevated integrin‐β5 expression in pulmonary artery lesions and lung tissue from PAH patients and rats with PH induced by chronic hypoxia and injection of CD117+ rat lung EC clones. These EC clones exhibited elevated expression of integrin‐β5 and its heterodimerization partner integrin‐αν and showed accelerated barrier formation. Inhibition of integrin‐ανβ5 in vitro partially blocked transforming growth factor (TGF)‐β1‐induced EnMT gene expression in rat lung control ECs and less in rat lung EC clones and human lung microvascular ECs. Inhibition of integrin‐ανβ5 promoted endothelial dysfunction as shown by reduced migration in a scratch assay and increased apoptosis in synergism with TGF‐β1. In vivo, blocking of integrin‐ανβ5 exaggerated PH induced by chronic hypoxia and CD117+ EC clones in rats. In summary, we found a role for integrin‐ανβ5 in lung endothelial survival and migration, but also a partial contribution to TGF‐β1‐induced EnMT gene expression. Our results suggest that integrin‐ανβ5 is required for physiologic function of ECs and lung vascular homeostasis.
Resolution of steady‐state sounds in simulated auditory space

A simulated acoustic equivalent of a sound source placed on the perimeter of a circle having a 4‐m radius in the frontal horizontal half‐plane was generated by obtaining, in 5‐deg azimuthal steps, head‐related transfer functions measured in both ears of an artificial head placed in an anechoic room. When an arbitrary sound is passed through the digital filter defined by the left and right transfer functions corresponding to a given angle, the sound will acquire a subjective azimuth comparable to the one at which the transfer function was measured [J. Blauert and P. Laws, Acustica 29, 273–277 (1973)]. This technique was used to measure the resolution of pairs of simultaneous steady‐state stimuli (frequency‐modulated, amplitude‐modulated, and pure sinusoids or noises). The listener was required to identify the relative location of the two sounds. In one set of experiments, the position of the two sounds was fixed, and thresholds were obtained for the modulation‐ or carrier‐frequency difference at which the .