Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Adaptive user perspective rendering for Handheld Augmented Reality

Handheld Augmented Reality commonly implements some variant of magic lens rendering, which turns only a fraction of the users real environment into AR while the rest of the environment remains unaffected. Since handheld AR devices are commonly equipped with video see-through capabilities, AR magic lens applications often suffer from spatial distortions, because the AR environment is presented from the perspective of the camera of the mobile device. Recent approaches counteract this distortion based on estimations of the users head position, rendering the scene from the user's perspective. To this end, approaches usually apply face-tracking algorithms on the front camera of the mobile device. However, this demands high computational resources and therefore commonly affects the performance of the application beyond the already high computational load of AR applications. In this paper, we present a method to reduce the computational demands for user perspective rendering by applying lightweight optical flow tracking and an estimation of the users motion before head tracking is started. We demonstrate the suitability of our approach for computationally limited mobile devices and we compare it to device perspective rendering, to head tracked user perspective rendering, as well as to fixed point of view user perspective rendering.
Weaving Entities into Relations: From Page Retrieval to Relation Mining on the Web

With its sheer amount of information, the Web is clearly an important frontier for data mining. While Web mining must start with content on the Web, there is no effective “search-based” mechanism to help sifting through the information on the Web. Our goal is to provide a such online search-based facility for supporting query primitives, upon which Web mining applications can be built. As a first step, this paper aims at entity-relation discovery, or E-R discovery, as a useful function– to weave scattered entities on the Web into coherent relations. To begin with, as our proposal, we formalize the concept of ER discovery. Further, to realize ER discovery, as our main thesis, we abstract tuple ranking– the essential challenge of ER discovery– as pattern-based cooccurrence analysis. Finally, as our key insight, we observe that such relation mining shares the same core functions as traditional page-retrieval systems, which enables us to build the new ER discovery upon today’s search engines, almost for free. We report our system prototype and testbed, WISDM-ER, with real Web corpus. Our case studies have demonstrated a high promise, achieving 83% − 91% accuracy for real benchmark queries– and thus the real possibilities of enabling ad-hoc Web mining tasks with online ER discovery.
Validity of the Malnutrition Universal Screening Tool (MUST) in Australian hospitalized acutely unwell elderly patients.

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES This study validated the Malnutrition Universal Screening Tool (MUST) for nutritional screening in acutely unwell elderly patients against a reference assessment tool - Patient-Generated Subjective Global Assessment (PG-SGA). METHODS AND STUDY DESIGN One hundred and thirty two acutely admitted general medical patients contributed data for this study. In addition to performance of MUST and PG-SGA the following nutritional parameters were measured: weight loss >5% in previous 3-6 months, handgrip strength, triceps skinfold thickness, Mid-arm circumference, Mid-arm muscle circumference (MAMC). Quality of life (QoL) was determined using the EuroQoL Questionnaire (EQ-5D 5 level). Sensitivity, specificity, predictive values and concordance were calculated to validate MUST against PG-SGA. RESULTS MUST when compared to PG-SGA gave a sensitivity of 69.7%, specificity of 75.8%, positive predictive value of 75.4%, negative predictive value of 70.1% and kappa statistics showed 72.7% agreement (k=0.49) for detecting malnutrition. The MUST score had significant inverse correlation with body mass index, Triceps skinfold thickness and Mid-arm muscle circumference but not with Handgrip strength. Malnourished patients (PG-SGA class B/C) were found to have a significantly worse QoL. CONCLUSIONS This study demonstrates that MUST can be confidently administered with respect to validity in acutely unwell general medical elderly patients to detect malnutrition. In this study, significant recent weight loss also seems to have validity, almost comparable to MUST, for predicting the risk of malnutrition. Further research is needed to verify this finding, as a single item may be more feasible to complete than an instrument consisting of two or more items.
Abnormal cerebral blood flow in methamphetamine abusers assessed by brain perfusion single emission computed tomography

Introduction:Amphetamines are central nervous system (CNS) stimulant substances and amphetamine abuse is considered a growing problem in our country. Previous studies revealed destructive effects of amphetamines on metabolism, perfusion and structure of brain. The aim of current study was evaluating regional cerebral blood flow (rCBF) disturbances in methamphetamine (MA) abusers using brain perfusion SPECT. Methods: This case control study was carried out on 15 MA abusers and 10 healthy volunteers. All 15 MA abusers had a history of MA abuse for at least one year, positive qualitative urinary test for amphetamine. All cases were substance dependent based on Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 4th Edition (DSM-IV) criteria. Patients with opioid and other substance abuse except nicotine and caffeine, positive history of head trauma, loss of consciousness more than 30 minutes and also pregnant women were excluded. All subjects underwent brain perfusion Single-photon emission computed tomography (SPECT). Results: Of 15 MA users 11 and 4 cases were males and females respectively. Mean age was 42/46±12.08 (range: 22-65) years old. Mean age of control group was 39.56±10.10 (range: 25-63) years old. All MA abusers were currently on using MA. Mean dose of MA use was 0.7 gram per day and mean duration of consumption was 4.86 (1-12) years. Significant differences were observed in scan results (normal or abnormal scan) between two groups (p˂0.05). Of all 15 MA abusers, global decreased tracer uptake was observed in 4 patients (26.7%), global decrease uptake except for the cerebellum was detected in 6 cases (40%), and decreased tracer uptake in fronto-temporal lobes was observed in 2 cases (13.3%), decreased uptake was detected only in the temporal lobe in 2 patients (13.3%) and in temporo-occipital lobes in one case (6.7%). In patients group, decrease in perfusion was more prominent in right frontal, superior frontal and parietal lobes compared with left hemisphere. SPM (Statistical Parametric Mapping) analysis showed significant difference in rCBF between MA abusers and normal volunteers throughout the cerebral cortex with nonhomogeneous decreased tracer uptake. Conclusion: In this study, we showed that amphetamine abuse can induce diffuse and nonhomogeneous disorders of brain perfusion which was more prominent in the right hemisphere.
Smiles All Around: FX Joint Calibration in a Multi-Heston Model

We introduce a novel multi-factor Heston-based stochastic volatility model, which is able to reproduce consistently typical multi-dimensional FX vanilla markets, while retaining the (semi)-analytical tractability typical of affine models and relying on a reasonable number of parameters. A successful joint calibration to real market data is presented together with various in- and out-of-sample calibration exercises to highlight the robustness of the parameters estimation. The proposed model preserves the natural inversion and triangulation symmetries of FX spot rates and its functional form, irrespective of choice of the risk-free currency. That is, all currencies are treated in the same way.
Experimental ocular tuberculosis in guinea pigs.

OBJECTIVE To develop an animal model of intraocular tuberculosis (TB) with features of pulmonary TB and extrapulmonary dissemination to the eye. METHODS Hartley strain guinea pigs were infected via an aerosol route with virulent Mycobacterium tuberculosis. One group of guinea pigs was infected with a relatively low bacterial inoculum and received no treatment. A second group of guinea pigs received high-dose infection and were treated with the first-line anti-TB drugs isoniazid, rifampin, and pyrazinamide. Development of ocular TB lesions was documented by histological analysis, acid-fast staining, and real-time polymerase chain reaction for M tuberculosis DNA. RESULTS Untreated guinea pigs developed pulmonary and extrapulmonary TB. Ocular TB, primarily involving the uvea, developed in 5 of 12 eyes (42%). Uveal granulomatous lesions showed the presence of acid-fast organisms and M tuberculosis DNA. In treated animals, none of the 8 eyes examined revealed the presence of acid-fast organisms; however, there was mild nongranulomatous uveitis in 4 eyes. CONCLUSIONS Mycobacterium tuberculosis delivered via aerosol to guinea pigs results in extrapulmonary dissemination to the eye. Of significance, intraocular changes in this model include granulomatous inflammation and the presence of acid-fast organisms, as seen in human cases of ocular TB. Clinical Relevance The guinea pig model may provide greater insight into the pathogenesis of intraocular TB and assist in the development of novel modalities to treat this global infectious disease.
Forum Using [ 1 _ TD $ DIFF ] a Foreign Language Changes Our Choices

In some contexts, using a foreign language appears to improve decision-making, since it reduces various decision biases [1,2,4], such as loss aversion. This is consistent with the idea that reasoning in a foreign language is less affected by emotional concerns [6–10]. It is intuitive that optimal choices are those that are made with a cooler mindset and, to the extent that using a foreign language reduces emotional reactivity, it might lead to better choices. However, we propose that whether using a foreign language leads to better or worse decisions entirely depends on the type of problem that the user is trying to solve. In many cases, emotions can be helpful, such as by providing a quick evaluation of complex information and helping us learn from past mistakes. Therefore, when emotional reactions serve a beneficial function, such as when there is little time or few resources available to engage in careful deliberation, using a foreign language should lead to less optimal decisions. Future research could explore the factors that determine when using a foreign language leads to better decisions and when it makes them worse. Forum Using [1_TD$DIFF]a Foreign Language Changes Our Choices Sayuri Hayakawa,* Albert Costa, Alice Foucart, and Boaz Keysar
Depression and suicide ideas of cancer patients and influencing factors in South Korea.

BACKGROUND This study compared risk factors for depression and suicidal ideas among cancer patients for comparison with the general population, and identified influencing factors. MATERIALS AND METHODS We analyzed data from 2,472 cancer patients in the National Cancer Center and nine Regional Cancer Centers and frequency-matched data for age and sex from 2,349 members of the general population who completed the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey in 2008. Logistic regression analysis was used to identify factors affecting depression and suicidal ideas. RESULTS Cancer patients were not likely to have more depression (OR=0.96, 95%CI=0.79-1.18) and were less likely to have suicidal ideas (OR=0.64, 95%CI=0.53-0.79) compared to the general population. Female sex, more stress, and lower quality of life were influencing factors. The additional risk factors for suicidal ideas among cancer patients included income (OR=0.62, 95%CI=0.43-0.91), smoking (OR=1.63, 95% CI=1.06-2.50), recurrence (OR=1.50, 95%CI=1.15-1.95), and chemotherapy (OR=1.66, 95%CI=1.26-2.19). CONCLUSIONS No differences appeared in depression rates between cancer patients and the general population, and cancer patients were less likely to have suicidal ideas. However, cancer patients were likely to have more risk factors than the general population, and those classified as being at high risk of suicide should receive distress management and social economic support, from early in the treatment process.
Changes in social adjustment with cognitive processing therapy: effects of treatment and association with PTSD symptom change.

The current study sought to determine if different spheres of social adjustment, social and leisure, family, and work and income improved immediately following a course of cognitive processing therapy (CPT) when compared with those on a waiting list in a sample of 46 U.S. veterans diagnosed with posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). We also sought to determine whether changes in different PTSD symptom clusters were associated with changes in these spheres of social adjustment. Overall social adjustment, extended family relationships, and housework completion significantly improved in the CPT versus waiting-list condition, η(2) = . 08 to . 11. Hierarchical multiple regression analyses revealed that improvements in total clinician-rated PTSD symptoms were associated with improvements in overall social and housework adjustment. When changes in reexperiencing, avoidance, emotional numbing, and hyperarousal were all in the model accounting for changes in total social adjustment, improvements in emotional numbing symptoms were associated with improvements in overall social, extended family, and housework adjustment (β = .38 to .55). In addition, improvements in avoidance symptoms were associated with improvements in housework adjustment (β = .30), but associated with declines in extended family adjustment (β = -.34). Results suggest that it is important to consider the extent to which PTSD treatments effectively reduce specific types of symptoms, particularly emotional numbing and avoidance, to generally improve social adjustment.
Zebrafish as a Model System for Investigating the Compensatory Regulation of Ionic Balance during Metabolic Acidosis

Zebrafish (Danio rerio) have become an important model for integrative physiological research. Zebrafish inhabit a hypo-osmotic environment; to maintain ionic and acid-base homeostasis, they must actively take up ions and secrete acid to the water. The gills in the adult and the skin at larval stage are the primary sites of ionic regulation in zebrafish. The uptake of ions in zebrafish is mediated by specific ion transporting cells termed ionocytes. Similarly, in mammals, ion reabsorption and acid excretion occur in specific cell types in the terminal region of the renal tubules (distal convoluted tubule and collecting duct). Previous studies have suggested that functional regulation of several ion transporters/channels in the zebrafish ionocytes resembles that in the mammalian renal cells. Additionally, several mechanisms involved in regulating the epithelial ion transport during metabolic acidosis are found to be similar between zebrafish and mammals. In this article, we systemically review the similarities and differences in ionic regulation between zebrafish and mammals during metabolic acidosis. We summarize the available information on the regulation of epithelial ion transporters during acidosis, with a focus on epithelial Na+, Cl− and Ca2+ transporters in zebrafish ionocytes and mammalian renal cells. We also discuss the neuroendocrine responses to acid exposure, and their potential role in ionic compensation. Finally, we identify several knowledge gaps that would benefit from further study.
Optimization based Approach for Content Distribution in Hybrid Mobile Social Networks

This paper presents the new strategy for smooth content distribution in the mobile social network. We proposed a new method, hybrid mobile social network architecture scheme considered as one node of a social community called social super node with higher capacity provides the services of content distribution. We proposed methods and techniques that are introduced to set the criteria to select a social super node (SSN). The simulation results are carried out to measure the correctness of the network performance of the proposed method. These results indicate that the accessing of those content of nearby social super node instead of the content provider is used to improve overall network performance in terms of content end-to-end delays, delivery ratio, throughput, and cost.
The Neural Basis for Visual Selective Attention in Young Infants: A Computational Account

Recent work by Amso and Johnson (Developmental Psychology, 42(6), 1236—1245, 2006) implicates the role of visual selective attention in the development of perceptual completion during early infancy. In the current article, we extend this finding by simulating the performance of 3-month-old infants on a visual search task, using a multi-channel, image-filtering model of early visual processing. Model parameters were systematically varied to simulate developmental change in three neural components of visual selective attention: degree of oculomotor noise, growth of horizontal connections in visual cortex, and duration of recurrent processing in parietal cortex. While two of the three components—horizontal connections and recurrent parietal processing—are each able to account for the visual search performance of 3-month-olds, recurrent parietal processing also suggests a coherent pattern of developmental change in visual selective attention during early infancy. We conclude by highlighting plausible neural mechanisms for modulating recurrent parietal activity, including the development of feedback from prefrontal cortex.
Syntactic reanalysis in language models for speech recognition

State-of-the-art speech recognition systems steadily increase their performance using different variants of deep neural networks and postprocess the results by employing N-gram statistical models trained on a large amount of data coming from the general-purpose domain. While achieving an excellent performance regarding Word Error Rate (17.343% on our HumanRobot Interaction data set), state-of-the-art systems generate hypotheses that are grammatically incorrect in 57.316% of the cases. Moreover, if employed in a restricted domain (e.g. HumanRobot Interaction), around 50% of the hypotheses contain out-of-domain words. The latter are confused with similarly pronounced in-domain words and cannot be interpreted by a domain-specific inference system. The state-of-the-art speech recognition systems lack a mechanism that addresses the syntactic correctness of hypotheses. We propose a system that can detect and repair grammatically incorrect or infrequent sentence forms. It is inspired by a computational neuroscience model that we developed previously. The current system is still a proof-of-concept version of a future neurobiologically more plausible neural network model. Hence, the resulting system postprocesses sentence hypotheses of state-of-the-art speech recognition systems, producing in-domain words in 100% of the cases, syntactically and grammatically correct hypotheses in 90.319% of the cases. Moreover, it reduces the Word Error Rate to 11.038%.
Mitochondrial glutamate dehydrogenase from Leishmania tarentolae is a guide RNA-binding protein

To identify specific proteins interacting with guide RNAs (gRNAs) in mitochondrial ribonucleoprotein complexes from Leishmania tarentolae, fractionated and unfractionated mitochondrial extracts were subjected to UV cross-linking with added labeled gRNA and also with [alpha-32P]UTP-labeled endogenous RNA. An abundant 110-kDa protein (p110) localized in the T-V complex, which sediments in glycerol gradients at the leading edge of the 10S terminal uridylyltransferase peak, was found to interact with both types of labeled RNAs. The p110 protein was gel isolated and subjected to microsequence analysis, and the gene was cloned. The sequence revealed significant similarity with mitochondrial glutamate dehydrogenases. A polyclonal antiserum was raised against a recombinant fragment of the p110 gene and was used to demonstrate a stable and specific gRNA-binding activity by coimmunoprecipitation and competitive gel shift analyses. Complex formation was strongly inhibited by competition with poly(U) or by deletion or substitution of the gRNA 3' oligo(U) tail. Also, addition of a 3' oligo(U) tail to an unrelated transcript was sufficient for p110 binding. Both the gRNA-binding activity of the p110 protein and in vitro gRNA-independent and gRNA-dependent uridine insertion activities in the mitochondrial extract were inhibited by high concentrations of dinucleotides.
Effect of airflow on house fly (Diptera: Muscidae) distribution in poultry houses.

Numbers of fecal and vomit spots deposited by house flies, Musca domestica L. , on spot cards were about twice as high on cards placed on the downwind sides as on the upwind sides of building support posts in caged-layer poultry houses with tunnel ventilation in Brooksville, FL. This trend was stronger at the ends of the houses where airflow is faster than in the relatively still-air center of the houses. A similar evaluation conducted in a pullet house (Zephyrhills, FL) with an evaporative cooling ventilation system revealed significantly higher fly counts on spot cards and sticky cards in downwind compared with upwind orientations. Flies in the pullet house were concentrated in both ends of the house and in the center, with comparatively fewer flies in the intermediate regions. There was a high degree of correlation between spot card and sticky card counts in the pullet house.
Stochastic tuning of gene expression enables cellular adaptation in the absence of pre-existing regulatory circuitry

Cells adapt to familiar changes in their environment by activating predefined regulatory programs that establish adaptive gene expression states. These hard-wired pathways, however, may be inadequate for adaptation to environments never encountered before. Here, we reveal evidence for an alternative mode of gene regulation that enables adaptation to adverse conditions without relying on external sensory information or genetically predetermined cis-regulation. Instead, individual genes achieve optimal expression levels through a stochastic search for improved fitness. By focusing on improving the overall health of the cell, the proposed stochastic tuning mechanism discovers global gene expression states that are fundamentally new and yet optimized for novel environments. We provide experimental evidence for stochastic tuning in the adaptation of Saccharomyces cerevisiae to laboratory-engineered environments that are foreign to its native gene-regulatory network. Stochastic tuning operates locally at individual gene promoters, and its efficacy is modulated by perturbations to chromatin modification machinery.