Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Evaluation of Aberdeen Angus Breeding Bulls in the Northern Region of the Republic of Kazakhstan

Simple Summary The Republic of Kazakhstan showcases a diverse range of specialized breeds of beef cattle, both local and exotic. Among these breeds, Aberdeen Angus exhibits the most promise for producing superior quality beef. This is due to its harmonious exterior and constitutional features, precocity, and endurance, which render it highly adaptable to the sharply continental climate of the northern region of Kazakhstan. Given the current surge in demand for high-quality marbled beef derived from Aberdeen Angus cattle, it would be judicious to undertake large-scale breeding of this breed in enterprises of varying ownership structures while utilizing elite breeding bulls for reproduction. In this study, a scientifically rigorous approach was adopted to select the best breeding bulls by assessing the quality of their offspring, daughters, and cows in a comparative context, which underscores the efficacy of using top-quality animals of imported breeding. The results of this research can be utilized in the development of industrial-scale plans to enhance local beef cattle, as well as in private farms with Aberdeen Angus cattle, with a view to creating new genotypes, highly productive lines, and herds in the Republic of Kazakhstan. Abstract In this study, we evaluated the progeny quality of proven bulls of the Aberdeen Angus breed in different selections. Reliable information about the productive qualities of the daughters and cows of proven bulls is limited in Kazakhstan’s scientific literature. We aimed to identify bull-improvers by comparatively evaluating cows of different genotypes in terms of productive qualities. The study was conducted in the period of 2021–2023, during which four groups of cows were formed based on origin. In conclusion, the high influence of inheritance of breeding features from bull-improvers should be highlighted: 78.6% to the daughters of cows of group I (Estonian selection from Kolos-firma LLP: EE 14465116 ABAJA PORTOS 95283, DK 1989501341 FREDERIK 95220, and EE 16966079 ABAJA PATRICK 95305) and 74.5% to the daughters of cows of group III (Canadian selection from Vishnevskoe LLP: BH BRUIN 54X 1644270 and JL DISTRICT 0311 1594050). There was less influence from proven bulls of deteriorators of the Kazakh selection: 21.4% to the daughters of cows of group II from Kolos-firma LLP (KZP156547191) and 25.5% to the daughters of cows of group IV from Vishnevskoe LLP (Henri KZT157789649 and Argus KZT155778964). Therefore, it is recommended that valuable genotypes of imported selection are used in breeding work in the Kostanay and North Kazakhstan regions for the improvement of Aberdeen Angus cattle.
Cytoplasmic streaming in plant cells emerges naturally by microfilament self-organization

Many cells exhibit large-scale active circulation of their entire fluid contents, a process termed cytoplasmic streaming. This phenomenon is particularly prevalent in plant cells, often presenting strikingly regimented flow patterns. The driving mechanism in such cells is known: myosin-coated organelles entrain cytoplasm as they process along actin filament bundles fixed at the periphery. Still unknown, however, is the developmental process that constructs the well-ordered actin configurations required for coherent cell-scale flow. Previous experimental works on streaming regeneration in cells of Characean algae, whose longitudinal flow is perhaps the most regimented of all, hint at an autonomous process of microfilament self-organization driving the formation of streaming patterns during morphogenesis. Working from first principles, we propose a robust model of streaming emergence that combines motor dynamics with both microscopic and macroscopic hydrodynamics to explain how several independent processes, each ineffectual on its own, can reinforce to ultimately develop the patterns of streaming observed in the Characeae and other streaming species.
Nanostructured Surfaces of Dental Implants

The structural and functional fusion of the surface of the dental implant with the surrounding bone (osseointegration) is crucial for the short and long term outcome of the device. In recent years, the enhancement of bone formation at the bone-implant interface has been achieved through the modulation of osteoblasts adhesion and spreading, induced by structural modifications of the implant surface, particularly at the nanoscale level. In this context, traditional chemical and physical processes find new applications to achieve the best dental implant technology. This review provides an overview of the most common manufacture techniques and the related cells-surface interactions and modulation. A Medline and a hand search were conducted to identify studies concerning nanostructuration of implant surface and their related biological interaction. In this paper, we stressed the importance of the modifications on dental implant surfaces at the nanometric level. Nowadays, there is still little evidence of the long-term benefits of nanofeatures, as the promising results achieved in vitro and in animals have still to be confirmed in humans. However, the increasing interest in nanotechnology is undoubted and more research is going to be published in the coming years.
GEOCHEMICAL SEDIMENTARY EVIDENCE FROM CORE 973-2 FOR METHANE ACTIVITY NEAR THE JIULONG METHANE REEF IN THE NORTHERN SOUTH CHINA SEA

The Jiulong Methane Reef, located on the northern slope of the South China Sea (SCS), is characterized by a number of features, such as bottom simulating reflections (BSRs) and authigenic carbonates, which are indicative of methane seeps that are currently occurring as well as those that occurred in the past. However, to date, the effect that these methane seeps have on the sedimentary environment is still not completely clear. To provide further insights into the biogeochemical processes involved in methane seeps, a 6.73-m piston core (973-2) was retrieved from this area in 2011 to perform an in-depth analysis. The chronology of the core has been established by AMS14C dating, and sedimentary events since the last glacial period have been recorded. The results show abnormally low abundance and diversity, as well as high infaunal percentages of benthic foraminiferal assemblages in the lower part of the core from 673 to 350 cmbsf (centimeters below the sea floor), indicating impacts from methane activities.
Exploring Complexity in Open Source Software: Evolutionary Patterns, Antecedents, and Outcomes

Software complexity is important to researchers and managers, yet much is unknown about how complexity evolves over the life of a software application and whether different dimensions of software complexity may exhibit similar or different evolutionary patterns. Using cross-sectional and longitudinal data on a sample of 108 open source projects, this research investigated how the complexity of open source project releases varied throughout the life of the project. Functional data analysis was applied to the release histories of the projects and recurring evolutionary patterns were derived. There were projects that saw little evolution, according to their measures of size and structural complexity. However, projects that displayed some evolution often differed on the pattern of evolution depending on whether size or structural complexity was examined. Factors that contribute to and result from the patterns of complexity were evaluated, and implications for research and practice are presented.
7 Immunologic Diagnosis of Neurotuberculosis

Tuberculosis (TB) is one of the most prevalent infectious diseases in the world, particularly in developing countries. The high incidence and mortality of TB in these countries mainly resides in the limited financial resources, the emergence of multiresistant strains and the spread of HIV infections. The key element for controlling TB is a rapid and early diagnosis which ensures the correct treatment and eradication of the infection source in the community. Current strategies for the development of a rapid and accurate diagnosis address 3 major objectives: improving the present diagnostic tools through better knowledge, developing new tests and increasing the accessibility to such diagnostic possibilities (Who Strategic Directions, 2006). The gold standard of diagnosis in TB is the identification of mycobacteria in the pathologic product using acid-fast smear microscopy and mycobacterial culture. Nevertheless the bacteriologic diagnosis is presently inefficient due to increasing number of smear-negative TB forms. This has led to the development of various complementary diagnostic methods such immunologic assays. The aim of the present chapter is to outline the literature data on the importance of the immunologic diagnosis in neurotuberculosis, a lethal localization of TB. It presents the current immunological assays and their practical value in the diagnosis of neurotuberculosis as complementary methods.
Vector bundles on the cubic threefold

Let X be a smooth cubic threefold, M the moduli space of stable rank 2 vector bundles on X with trivial determinant and c_2=2 (the smallest value for which this space is non-empty). Recent results of Druel, Iliev, Markushevich and Tikhomirov lead to a precise description of M and its Maruyama compactification M': the latter is isomorphic to the intermediate Jacobian of X blown-up along the Fano surface. In this survey paper we explain these results and discuss some applications.
CASFET: A MOSFET-JFET cascode device with ultralow gate capacitance

A field-effect transistor is described that combines a short-gate MOSFET with a long-channel JFET in a cascode configuration. The composite device, a CASFET, can have a very low input capacitance due to the short gate of the MOSFET combined with the reduced Miller capacitance of the cascode. The long channel of the JFET insures that the CASFET has high output resistance. This paper discusses CASFET fabrication, performance, and modeling.
Value-oriented XML store

XML Store is a distributed value-oriented storage facility for storing XML documents. XML documents stored in XML Store can be accessed and manipulated using the Document Value Model (DVM). This thesis illustrates that such a storage facility can be constructed. The value-oriented programming model, proposed have shown advantages over traditional imperative models for working with persisted and distributed XML document. These advantages are easy caching and replication (as no coherence protocols are needed), lazy loading of documents, transparent persistence and distribution and sharing of documents.
Multi-query optimization of sliding window aggregates by schedule synchronization

Data stream systems process persistent queries, typically posed over sliding windows and re-evaluated periodically as the windows slide forward. Due to their long-running nature, a number of similar persistent queries may run in parallel at any given time, therefore multiquery optimization is particularly important. In traditional multi-query optimization, one of the primary goals is to detect common parts across multiple queries issued at the same time and perform the common task only once. Another related goal is to check if a new query may be answered using the answer of a related query which has been computed previously (and is stored as a materialized view). In this paper, we argue that in the context of periodically re-evaluated queries, multi-query optimization requires an additional step beyond common sub-expression matching. This is because queries that have been identified as similar may be re-evaluated with different frequencies and therefore may be scheduled at different times. Thus, the additional step must attempt to synchronize the re-execution times of similar queries in order to take advantage of computation sharing. The solution presented in this paper focuses on periodically-evaluated aggregates over sliding windows of various lengths, which are a common class of persistent queries used for monitoring purposes. The proposed solution assumes that users specify an upper bound on the interval between re-evaluations of their queries and is based upon the following insight: it may be cheaper to re-execute some queries more often if their re-execution schedules can be synchronized with those of similar queries, thereby amortizing the computation costs. We also show that additional schedule synchronization is possible when the system is forced to lengthen the desired re-execution intervals during periods of overload. Our solutions are based upon a variant of the earliest-deadline-first algorithm that views persistent queries are periodic tasks. Experimental results show significant improvements in system throughput due to increased resource sharing.
Towards Interactive Question Answering: An Ontology-Based Approach

The ability to provide both rich and natural answers with respect to a given question, and clear explanations for failures, is a crucial aspect for a future generation of Question Answering systems able to interact with a user. We argue that such abilities are necessarily based on a deep analysis of the content of both the question and the answer, and propose an ontology-based approach to represent the structure of a question-answer pair in the context of utterance. The approach is domain and language-independent and can be considered a general framework for both Open Domain Question Answering and Natural Language Interfaces to Databases. We provide definitions for an Interactive Question Answer (IQA) ontology which capture significant aspects of interaction, and suggest how dialogue templates based on the IQA ontology can model natural and rich dialogues with a user.
A reticular rhapsody: phylogenic evolution and nomenclature of the RTN/Nogo gene family 1

Reticulon (RTN) genes code for a family of proteins relatively recently described in higher vertebrates. The four known mammalian paralogues (RTN1, ‐2, ‐3, and ‐4/Nogo) have homologous carboxyl termini with two characteristic large hydrophobic regions. Except for RTN4‐A/Nogo‐A, thought to be an inhibitor for neurite outgrowth, restricting the regenerative capabilities of the mammalian CNS after injury, the functions of other family members are largely unknown. The overall occurrence of RTNs in different phyla and the evolution of the RTN gene family have hitherto not been analyzed. Here we expound data showing that the RTN family has arisen during early eukaryotic evolution potentially concerted to the establishment of the endomembrane system. Over 250 reticulon‐like (RTNL) genes were identified in deeply diverging eukaryotes, fungi, plants, and animals. A systematic nomenclature for all identified family members is introduced. The analysis of exon‐intron arrangements and of protein homologies allowed us to isolate key steps in the history of these genes. Our data corroborate the hypothesis that present RTNs evolved from an intron‐rich reticulon ancestor mainly by the loss of different introns in diverse phyla. We also present evidence that the exceptionally large RTN4‐A‐specific exon 3, which harbors a potent neurite growth inhibitory region, may have arisen de novo ∼350 MYA during transition to land vertebrates. These data emphasize on the one hand the universal role of reticulons in the eukaryotic system and on the other hand the acquisition of putative new functions through acquirement of novel amino‐terminal exons. —Oertle, T. , Klinger, M. , Stuermer, C. A. O. , Schwab, M. E. A reticular rhapsody: phylogenic evolution and nomenclature of the RTN/Nogo gene family FASEB J. 17, 1238–1247 (2003)
Cytogenomic Aberrations in Congenital Cardiovascular Malformations

Congenital cardiovascular malformations are the most common birth defects, with a complex multifactorial etiology. Genetic factors play an important role, illuminated by numerous cytogenetically visible abnormalities, as well as submicroscopic genomic imbalances affecting critical genomic regions in the affected individuals. Study of rare families with Mendelian forms, as well as emerging next-generation sequencing technologies have uncovered a multitude of genes relevant for human congenital cardiac diseases. It is clear that the complex embryology of human cardiac development, with an orchestrated interplay of transcription factors, chromatin regulators, and signal transduction pathway molecules can be easily perturbed by genomic imbalances affecting dosage-sensitive regions. This review focuses on chromosomal abnormalities contributing to congenital heart diseases and underscores several genomic disorders linked to human cardiac malformations in the last few decades.
Local choroidal blood flow in the cat by laser Doppler flowmetry.

PURPOSE To develop a procedure using a noninvasive technique that will allow the investigation of choroidal blood flow (ChBF) regulation in discrete regions of the cat eye. Validation of this procedure will provide a method to study intrinsic, neural, and pharmacologic factors that regulate regional ChBF. METHODS The technique to measure ChBF is based on laser Doppler flowmetry. However, in contrast to conventional laser Doppler flowmetry, which uses fiber-optic probes in direct contact with the tissue to deliver the laser beam and detect the scattered light, with this technique the beam is delivered through a fundus camera and the scattered light is detected in the retinal image plane of the camera. Measurements were made in 34 anesthetized cats under conditions that would ensure that the flow measured represented ChBF in the choriocapillaris: the laser beam was aimed at retinal intervascular sites in the tapetal region of the fundus; the Doppler shift power spectrum of the light scattered by the red blood cells had the shape and frequency range typical for a microvascular bed; and the recorded flow did not decrease by more than 5% when the cat was given 100% O2 to breathe for 4 minutes. The responses to various physiologic and pharmacologic stimuli were tested and compared with those obtained from retinal vessels. RESULTS Intravenous infusions of acetylcholine increased ChBF in a dose-response fashion, whereas sympathetic nerve stimulation at various frequencies decreased ChBF as predicted by previous studies. By comparison, retinal blood flow was negligibly affected by these two stimuli. In contrast to retinal blood flow, ChBF was unaffected by diffuse luminance flicker. ChBF was found to be pulsatile. The mean of the pulsatile component of ChBF represented approximately 34% of mean ChBF, a value similar to those derived from ChBF measurements in minipigs and retinal blood flow in the cat. CONCLUSIONS This study demonstrates that laser Doppler flowmetry is a valid technique for obtaining local, noninvasive, and continuous recordings of relative ChBF. Tested under steady-state conditions for blood pressure, heart rate, and acid-base balance, ChBF is stable for long periods of time, allowing the investigation of the effect of various physiologic stimuli and pharmacologic agents on this flow.
The ultrastructure of cutaneous type I mechanoreceptors (Haarscheiben) in cats following denervation

Denervation of specialized cutaneous mechanoreceptors (Haarscheiben or domes) in cats was followed after 20 and 25 days by the following alterations in receptor structure: (1) reduced numbers of Merkel cells, (2) Merkel cells degenerating in situ, (3) fewer dense‐core granules in the cytoplasm of Merkel cells, (4) an increased number of agranular dendritic cells and Langerhans cells in the dome, (5) the apparent phagocytosis of Merkel cells by Schwann and Langerhans cells, (6) fewer epithelial cell layers over the dome, and (7) a decrease in the number of transitional cells.
Pharmacologyonline 2 : 416-429 ( 2010 ) Newsletter Tzankova and Mitcheva 416 AGE SPECIFIC VARIATIONS IN DRUG METABOLIZING ENZYMES-IMPACT ON DRUG SAFETY EVALUATION IN CHILDREN

The mechanisms of adverse drug reactions in children have been often related to the differences in patient response on pharmacokinetic level. Age-dependent variability in drug metabolizing enzyme systems (DMES) contributes to the wide range of drug responses observed in children. This review provides background information on a variety of DMES in biotransformation phase I and phase II that can vary as a function of developmental stage. The ontology of metabolizing systems is described via reference to pediatric studies involving therapeutic drugs and evidence from in vitro enzyme studies. The finding that drug response can be influenced by developmental profile of DMES has offered great hope for realizing patient-specific targeted therapy and approach to decrease adverse drug reactions. Prevention requires clinical monitoring in pediatric population.
Evolution of the T‐Cell Repertoire during the Course of Experimental Immune‐Mediated Demyelinating Diseases

Fig. 6 depicts a model for epitope spreading in T cell-mediated demyelination. The acute phase of disease is due to T cells specific for the initiating epitope, which can be either a determinant on the CNS target organ of the autoimmune response or a determinant on a persisting, CNS-tropic virus. The primary T cell response is responsible for the initial tissue damage by the production of proinflammatory Th1 cytokines which can affect myelination directly (Selmaj et al. 1991) and indirectly by their ability to recruit and activate macrophages to phagocytize myelin (Cammer et al. 1978). As a result of myelin damage and opening of the blood-brain-barrier during acute disease, T cells specific for endogenous epitopes on the same and/or different myelin proteins are primed and expand either in the periphery or locally in the CNS. These secondary T cells initiate an additional round of myelin destruction, leading to a clinical relapse by production of additional pro-inflammatory cytokines, similar to the bystander demyelination operative during acute disease. It will be of great interest to determine the relative contributions of local and systemic immune responses to these endogenous neuroepitopes. It is possible that local CNS presentation of endogenous neuroepitopes following acute CNS damage could be mediated by infiltrating inflammatory macrophages, activated microglial cells, endothelial cells and/or astrocytes. These tissue resident antigen presenting cells have been shown to upregulate expression of MHC class II (Sakai et al. 1986, Traugott & Lebon 1988), certain adhesion molecules (Cannella et al. 1990), and B7 costimulatory molecules (K. M. Nikcevich, J. A. Bluestone, and S. D. Miller, in preparation) in response to pro-inflammatory cytokines. The data on epitope spreading provided by the murine demyelinating disease models clearly illustrate the dynamic nature of the T cell repertoire during chronic inflammation in a specific target organ. The contribution of epitope spreading to chronic CNS demyelination could be considered to be a special case since tolerance to myelin epitopes would be expected to be inefficient due to their sequestration behind the blood-brain-barrier. However, the recent description of epitope spreading in response to pancreatic antigens in spontaneous diabetes in the NOD mouse may indicate that this phenomenon is operative in a variety of organ-specific experimental and spontaneous autoimmune diseases. (ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)