Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Endoplasmic reticulum glucosidase II is inhibited by its end products.

The calnexin/calreticulin cycle is a quality control system responsible for promoting the folding of newly synthesized glycoproteins entering the endoplasmic reticulum (ER). The association of calnexin and calreticulin with the glycoproteins is regulated by ER glucosidase II, which hydrolyzes Glc 2Man X GlcNAc 2 glycans to Glc 1Man X GlcNAc 2 and further to Glc 0Man X GlcNAc 2 ( X represents any number between 5 and 9). To gain new insights into the reaction mechanism of glucosidase II, we developed a kinetic model that describes the interactions between glucosidase II, calnexin/calreticulin, and the glycans. Our model accurately reconstructed the hydrolysis of glycans with nine mannose residues and glycans with seven mannose residues, as measured by Totani et al. [Totani, K. , Ihara, Y. , Matsuo, I. , and Ito, Y. (2006) J. Biol. Chem. 281, 31502-31508]. Intriguingly, our model predicted that glucosidase II was inhibited by its nonglucosylated end products, where the inhibitory effect of Glc 0Man 7GlcNAc 2 was much stronger than that of Glc 0Man 9GlcNAc 2. These predictions were confirmed experimentally. Moreover, our model suggested that glycans with a different number of mannose residues can be equivalent substrates of glucosidase II, in contrast to what had been previously thought. We discuss the possibility that nonglucosylated glycans, existing in the ER, might regulate the entry of newly synthesized glycoproteins into the calnexin/calreticulin cycle. Our model also shows that glucosidase II does not interact with monoglucosylated glycans while they are bound to calnexin or calreticulin.
On the development of EEG based emotion classification

This paper proposes an investigation on classification of the positive and negative emotions via the use of electroencephalogram (EEG). EEG bandpowers are extracted as the feature of interest. Two simple decision rules to classify positive and negative emotions are proposed, i.e. 1) using both the left and right frontal information and 2) using only one side of the left or right frontal information. First decision reports low accuracy while the second decision rule can achieve higher accuracy between 80 to 90%. This can be concluded that the proposed method is possible for the real-time emotion classification in neuroeconomics.
Adaptive Neural Network Control of a Flapping Wing Micro Aerial Vehicle With Disturbance Observer

The research of this paper works out the attitude and position control of the flapping wing micro aerial vehicle (FWMAV). Neural network control with full state and output feedback are designed to deal with uncertainties in this complex nonlinear FWMAV dynamic system and enhance the system robustness. Meanwhile, we design disturbance observers which are exerted into the FWMAV system via feedforward loops to counteract the bad influence of disturbances. Then, a Lyapunov function is proposed to prove the closed-loop system stability and the semi-global uniform ultimate boundedness of all state variables. Finally, a series of simulation results indicate that proposed controllers can track desired trajectories well via selecting appropriate control gains. And the designed controllers possess potential applications in FWMAVs.
Urban Growth and Climate Adaptation in Australia: Divergent Discourses and Implications for Policy-making

Managing urban growth is inherently contentious. Government policies seek to facilitate and spatially contain growth, while balancing public and private interests. The need for climate adaptation strategies in the urban context is recognised but arguably poorly institutionalised in growth management policies or in urban governance more broadly. This paper considers how debates around urban adaptation and growth management are structured in the discourses of local government, private developers and other actors. A discourse analysis of written submissions and media releases from four urban policy debates in Queensland, Australia, is presented. The analysis highlights the discursive strategies employed by different actors and the way their arguments have been consolidated in the practices of urban policy-making. The analysis suggests a divergence of growth and adaptation storylines, contributing to maintaining the gap between these policy agendas. Progress may be made, however, in the pragmatic discourses of actual policy implementation.
Selective Processing of Chromogranin A in the Different Islet Cells in Human Pancreas

We studied the immunoreactivity of 12 different region-specific antibodies to the chromogranin A (CgA) molecule in the four major neuroendocrine cell types of the human pancreas by using double immunofluorescence techniques. The antibodies raised to the N-terminal and midportions of CgA showed, on the whole, stronger immunoreactivity than did the C-terminal antibodies, with a few exceptions. Often the immunoreactivity was stronger in glucagon cells. Insulin cells expressed immunoreactivity to all region-specific antibodies, but glucagon cells were nonreactive to two antibodies. Somatostatin cells reacted only with the C-terminal antibodies (amino acid sequences CgA 411–424), while PP cells were stained with four CgA region-specific antibodies between amino acid sequences 63–195. The cause of these differences may be that the CgA molecule is cleaved, partly masked, or partly translated from CgA mRNA. Microwave treatment improved only the staining with the CgA 361–372 antibodies, which indicates that masking is not the sole or entire cause. Our findings may indicate that the CgA molecule is cleaved in different ways in the various pancreatic endocrine cell types, giving rise to a variety of biologically functional fragments.
The Mystery of Regional Unemployment Differentials: Theoretical and Empirical Explanations

This paper provides an integrated overview of theoretical and empirical explanations used in the applied literature on regional unemployment differentials. On the basis of 41 empirical studies, four different model types covering nine theoretical constructs of regional unemployment determination and 13 sets of explanatory variables are identified. The overall conclusion is that theoretical and empirical explanations help to reduce the weaknesses in each other. While theory is found to predict that the regional unemployment rate depends on labour supply factors (a collection of factors which affect natural changes in the labour force, labour force participation, migration and commuting), labour demand factors and wage-setting factors, it is the empirical studies that provide a more profound understanding of the explanatory variables involved. Conversely, whereas most empirical studies provide clear-cut explanations for the signs of the explanatory variables, it is theory that shows that some of these explanations might be out of proportion. By grouping many studies together, this paper shows that there are indeed clear-cut trends.
A Generalized Rectangular Cavity Approach for Determination of Complex Permittivity of Materials

A novel cavity-based unified approach to measure the complex permittivity of dielectric samples placed in the E-plane of a rectangular cavity is presented. The proposed generalized cavity method is not limited to test specimens of smaller electrical dimensions, and requires two basic steps. The first step modifies the conventional cavity perturbation technique, where the effects of possible air gap between the cavity slot and the test specimen are also considered. The second step of the proposed approach employs a numerical optimization scheme, where the actual 3-D geometry of the fabricated cavity is simulated using the numerical field simulator, the Computer Simulation Technology (CST) Microwave Studio. The dielectric properties of the test specimen in this case are determined with the help of a MATLAB-based optimization routine, which calls the CST modules over the component object model interface and minimizes the error between the measured and the simulated scattering coefficients. The permittivity of the test specimen determined using the first step is provided as the initial guess to improve the convergence of the numerical optimization scheme. The proposed unified approach is validated by designing two rectangular cavities having different slot sizes operating in the TE107 mode. A number of standard dielectric samples are measured with the help of a vector network analyzer, and a very good agreement is observed between the measured permittivity values and the published data available in the literature having a typical error of less than 2% for samples of even larger dimensions.
Integrating performance of web search engine with Machine Learning approach

Todays diversified user query over web search engine for information retrieval; semantic information for relevant web document on web has been plethora of web search research. A lot many web search engine developed based on semantic meaning like ontolook, swoogle etc., for finding relevant information, which helps to find user based semantic meaning related documents. The concept of semantic similarity or semantic information widely focused in many important fields such as Machine Learning, Artificial Intelligence, Cognitive Science, Natural Language Processing and Web Information Retrieval etc., Traditional web search engines and semantic web search engines relates user keyword with terms, entities, texts, documents which have semantic correlation with user query. Both search engines does not use images within web pages to find more relevant information. Now in this paper we have formulated a web document integrated ranking method based on text semantic information and image based object matching information. This integrated approach presented in this paper does not depend upon semantic information of user query but also consider image appearing within web pages to find more relevant information. Approach proposed in this paper includes finding semantic information using ontology based meaning of user query and feature based object matching over image to find image matching score. In proposed approach combined use of ontology based semantic information and image based object matching score will improve web document ranking.
Union Disaffection and Social Identity

This article examines union members’evaluation of the relevance of unions and their identification with a traditional collective value frame for union action. It seeks to take account of the impact of increasing labor market heterogeneity, declining instrumentality, and the behavior of unions and employers. Using Canadian data gathered from individual union members and their local union leaders, the study finds that new labor market identities are notlinked to weaker belief in the relevance of unions but are associated with weaker identification with the traditional value frame. Although declining instrumentality and hostile employer behavior are associated with greater identification with traditional value frames, greater union democracy is associated with less membership disaffection on both the relevance of unions and their collective modes of action. Union democracy is therefore found to be a key tool to address membership disaffection and to generate collective identities for a renewed union project.
The price of petrol - past and future

Sharp increases in the price of petrol capture the community’s attention and impact Australia’s economy and way of life. This often manifests itself in calls for formal enquiries into how petrol is priced. This paper explores the relationship between a range of factors that determine the local pump price for unleaded petrol. An analysis of historical data is used to identify key drivers and their influence on local petrol prices. The results of this analysis are used to forecast local petrol prices under a “business as usual scenario”.
Tourism in Crisis: Managing the Effects of Terrorism

While tourists are free to avoid destinations associated with risk, the consequences of disastrous events on tourist destinations are inescapable and can be profound. Terrorism that targets tourism can be viewed as a disaster for a destination and ensuing events can create a serious tourism crisis. This article argues that tourist destinations—especially those vulnerable to politically motivated violence—should incorporate crisis management planning into their overall sustainable development and marketing/management strategies to protect and rebuild their image of safety/attractiveness, to reassure potential visitors of the safety of the area, to reestablish the area’s functionality/attractiveness, and to aid local travel and tourism industry members in their economic recovery. Recommendations include having a crisis management plan in place, establishing a tourism crisis management task force, developing a crisis management guidebook, and partnering with law enforcement officials.
Bipolar disorder and myo-inositol: a review of the magnetic resonance spectroscopy findings.

OBJECTIVES Myo-inositol is an important component of the phosphatidylinositol second messenger system (PI-cycle). Alterations in PI-cycle activity have been suggested to be involved in the pathophysiology and/or treatment of bipolar disorder. More specifically, lithium has been suggested to act primarily by lowering myo-inositol concentrations, the so-called inositol-depletion hypothesis. myo-Inositol concentrations can be measured in vivo with magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS). METHODS The current review primarily examines animal and human MRS studies that evaluated the role of myo-inositol in bipolar illness and treatment. RESULTS Studies have been carried out in patients who are manic, depressed, and euthymic, both on and off treatment. However, there are several limitations of these studies. CONCLUSIONS The preclinical and clinical MRS findings were generally supportive of the involvement of myo-inositol in bipolar disorder and its treatment. Overall, in bipolar patients who are manic or depressed there are abnormalities in brain myo-inositol concentrations, with changes in frontal and temporal lobes, as well as the cingulate gyrus and basal ganglia. These abnormalities are not seen in either euthymic patients or healthy controls, possibly due to a normalizing effect of treatment with either lithium or sodium valproate. There is also increasing evidence that sodium valproate may also act upon the PI-cycle. Nonetheless, it remains uncertain if these changes in myo-inositol concentration are primary or secondary. Findings regarding the specific inositol-depletion hypothesis are also generally supportive in acutely ill patients, although it is not yet possible to definitively confirm or refute this hypothesis based on the current MRS evidence.
CONCEPTUAL NATURE OF THE CORPORATE INCOME TAX

This paper examines a long-standing controversy about the conceptual nature of the corporate income tax: whether it is an expense, a loss, a distribution of income, or some anomalous item. That controversy reflects in part different theories of the accounting entity. Despite several authoritative pronouncements stating or implying that the tax is an expense, and despite an extensive discussion in the academic and professional literature, the controversy has never been fully resolved. Additionally, the tax is not characterized as an expense in corporate financial reports. The FASB's conceptual framework does not resolve this controversy, nor does the impending joint FASB-IASB revised conceptual framework. Within the context of a coalesced (or fused) proprietary-entity theory of the accounting entity, this paper leads to the unsurprising conclusion that the corporate income tax is an expense, albeit an expense with some remarkable characteristics. Additionally, this paper shows how the conceptual nature of .
Exploring the limits of institutional change: The direct election of mayors in Western Europe

Abstract The process of local institutional reform that different Western European countries underwent starting in the 1990s converged towards the direct election of mayors in Italy, England, Austria and Germany. Using a comparative analysis of those countries and including in it Belgium and the Netherlands (where the introduction of directly elected mayors is planned) and Greece and Portugal (with a long tradition of it), the article examines why countries with such different municipal traditions have tended towards the same institutional solution. The answer runs through the text implicitly: the institutional tradition of each country appears to have a greater capacity for explaining the outcome of the reform rather than isomorphism in the introduction of the direct election of mayors.
Les conditions de vie des personnes âgées vivant à domicile d'après l'enquête HID

Cet article a pour objet de synthetiser les resultats obtenus, a ce jour, dans le cadre de l’enquete HID « Domicile », en se focalisant sur le groupe des personnes âgees notamment dependantes et en operant des regroupements thematiques. Sont examines successivement des recherches portant sur les contours du groupe cible de la population âgee dependante, les revenus des personnes âgees, le reseau familial, les aides recues, aides informelles et aides professionnelles, les amenagements du logement et les aides techniques.Le tableau propose est riche. Il permet une meilleure perception de la complexite, au domicile, des situations de handicaps, d’incapacite et de deficience et du degre d’adaptation des reponses sociales. Les demandeurs de services medico-sociaux, leurs besoins, leurs revenus et leurs possibilites financieres sont mieux caracterises ce qui ouvre la voie a des analyses economiques confrontant l’offre et la demande de soins de long terme. Il devient possible egalement de mieux comprendre qui aide les personnes en incapacites, quelle est la nature de l’aide, quelle est la charge qui reste a la famille ? Cette richesse potentielle des premieres exploitations appelle des techniques d’analyse plus elaborees (analyses de donnees, modelisations…).
Outcomes, Process, and Trust of Civil Servants

The contemporary performance movement has tended to assume that a key to restoring public trust in civil servants lies in a focus on outcomes or results. But there is growing evidence from various fields that trust in people and institutions of authority often depends more on process (such as fairness and equity) than on outcomes. This finding that process matters in the formation of trust judgments appears across a wide range of settings (police, courts, work places), yet it has not been adequately recognized in the public administration literature and rhetoric on government performance—especially in an era of outcomes-based, results-driven government. Using data from the International Social Survey Program (ISSP), the World Bank Governance Indicators, and the UN Human Development Index, this article empirically examines the relative influence of process versus outcomes on the perceived trustworthiness of civil servants. Individual-level structural equation models are tested for the United States as well as all 33 countries in the ISSP. Country-level path models are tested using both World Bank/UN indicators and aggregated ISSP survey data. Results show that process has a consistently large effect on trust of civil servants, in some models several times larger than the effect of outcomes on trust. Although it has methodological limitations, this study should at least encourage more theoretical and empirical attention to government process, and not just outcomes, as a factor in explaining citizens' trust of civil servants.
Vocational and skill shortages in Vietnamese manufacturing and service sectors, and some plausible solutions

The competition for talent is global. Reducing skill shortage problems boosts employment participation with a flow-on effect to the health and well-being of societies. Employment distributes a society's wealth among its citizens with a level of equity. This paper focuses on skill shortages in the labour force in Vietnam (in particular professional and technical qualifications) and basic capabilities in the manufacturing and service sectors. This is a qualitative research study involving an extensive literature review using secondary data. It concludes that skills shortages present significant challenges for the Vietnamese government. Plausible solutions to these identified challenges include focusing on substantial revisions to the national education and training systems in consultation with numerous associated stakeholders. The problem is both a national and an institutional human resource management (HRM) issue; such consultation should involve government policy-makers, industry associations, unions, educational and HRM specialists.
The Effects of Corporate Governance Experience and Financial‐Reporting and Audit Knowledge on Audit Committee Members' Judgments

Interest in audit committees as part of overall corporate governance has increased dramatically in recent years, with a specific emphasis on member independence, experience, and knowledge. This paper reports the results of a study investigating whether audit committee members' corporate governance experience and financial‐reporting and audit knowledge affect their judgments in auditor‐corporate management conflict situations. A sample of 68 audit committee members completed an accounting policy dispute case and several knowledge and ability tests. The results indicate that, as expected, greater independent director experience and greater audit knowledge was associated with higher audit committee member support for an auditor who advocated a “substance over form” approach in the dispute with client management. Conversely, concurrent experience as a board director and a senior member of management was associated with increased support for management. Collectively, these findings have a number of implication.
The Visible Hand: Race and Online Market Outcomes

We examine the effect of race on market outcomes by selling iPods through local online classified advertisements throughout the United States in a year-long field experiment. Each ad features a photograph of the product being held by a dark- or light-skinned (“black” or “white”) hand. To provide context, we also consider a group of sellers against whom buyers might statistically discriminate for similar reasons: white sellers with wrist tattoos. Black sellers do worse than white sellers on a variety of market outcome measures: They receive 13% fewer responses and 17% fewer offers. These effects are strongest in the Northeast, and are similar in magnitude to those associated with the display of a wrist tattoo. Conditional on receiving at least one offer, black sellers also receive 2–4% lower offers, despite the selfselected—and presumably less biased—pool of buyers. In addition, buyers corresponding with black sellers exhibit lower trust: They are 17% less likely to include their name in e-mails, 44% less likely to accept delivery by mail, and 56% more likely to express concern about making a long-distance payment. We find evidence that black sellers suffer particularly poor outcomes in thin markets; it appears that discrimination may not “survive” in the presence of significant competition among buyers. Furthermore, black sellers do worst in the most racially isolated markets and markets with high property crime rates, consistent with channels through which we might expect statistical discrimination to operate.