Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
An Infinite Family of Recursive Formulas Generating Power Moments of Kloosterman Sums with Trace One Arguments: O(2n+1,2^r) Case

In this paper, we construct an infinite family of binary linear codes associated with double cosets with respect to certain maximal parabolic subgroup of the orthogonal group O(2n+1,q). Here q is a power of two. Then we obtain an infinite family of recursive formulas generating the odd power moments of Kloosterman sums with trace one arguments in terms of the frequencies of weights in the codes associated with those double cosets in O(2n+1,q) and in the codes associated with similar double cosets in the symplectic group Sp(2n,q). This is done via Pless power moment identity and by utilizing the explicit expressions of exponential sums over those double cosets related to the evaluations of "Gauss sums" for the orthogonal group O(2n+1,q).
Investigating and reflecting on the integration of automatic data analysis and visualization in knowledge discovery

The aim of this work is to survey and reflect on the various ways visualization and data mining can be integrated to achieve effective knowledge discovery by involving the best of human and machine capabilities. Following a bottom-up bibliographic research approach, the article categorizes the observed techniques in classes, highlighting current trends, gaps, and potential future directions for research. In particular it looks at strengths and weaknesses of information visualization (infovis) and data mining, and for which purposes researchers in infovis use data mining techniques and reversely how researchers in data mining employ infovis techniques. The article then proposes, on the basis of the extracted patterns, a series of potential extensions not found in literature. Finally, we use this information to analyze the discovery process by comparing the analysis steps from the perspective of information visualization and data mining. The comparison brings to light new perspectives on how mining and visualization can best employ human and machine strengths. This activity leads to a series of reflections and research questions that can help to further advance the science of visual analytics.
A type system for dynamic Web documents

Many interactive Web services use the CGI interface for communication with clients. They will dynamically create HTML documents that are presented to the client who then resumes the interaction by submitting data through incorporated form fields. This protocol is difficult to statically type-check if the dynamic documents are created by arbitrary script code using printf-like statements. Previous proposals have suggested using static document templates which trades flexibility for safety. We propose a notion of typed, higher-order templates that simultaneously achieve flexibility and safety. Our type system is based on a flow analysis of which we prove soundness. We present an efficient runtime implementation that respects the semantics of only well-typed programs. This work is fully implemented as part of the <bigwig> system for defining interactive Web services.
THE ULTRASTRUCTURE OF THE M LINE IN SKELETAL MUSCLE

By electron microscopy, the ultrastructure of the M line was investigated in fibers from frog nonglycerinated semitendinosus muscles at body length and at different degrees of shortening and stretch. The M line appeared as a line of high electron opacity in the middle of the A band. Its framework consists of: (i) three (four or five) arrays of transverse M bridges, 200 A apart, connecting each A filament with its six neighbors; (ii) M filaments, parallel to the A filaments, passing through the M line and linking each set of M bridges together. In the shortened fiber the M line remained distinct. At high degrees of stretch, the M line became fainter or indiscernible. This appearance reflects a misalignment of the M components caused by a staggering of the A filaments. The M line reappeared after release of fibers stretched 70–80% above equilibrium length. On the basis of the structural analysis, the possible function of the M line is compared with that of the Z line, and a model is suggested for the M line.
Hydrodynamics and beyond in the strongly coupled N=4 plasma

We continue our investigations on the relation between hydrodynamic and higher quasinormal modes in the AdS black hole background started in arXiv:0710.4458 [hep-th]. As is well known, the quasinormal modes can be interpreted as the poles of the retarded Green functions of the dual = 4 gauge theory at finite temperature. The response to a generic perturbation is determined by the residues of the poles. We compute these residues numerically for energy-momentum and R-charge correlators. We find that the diffusion modes behave in a similar way: at small wavelengths the residues go over into a form of a damped oscillation and therefore these modes decouple at short distances. The sound mode behaves differently: its residue does not decay and at short wavelengths this mode behaves as the higher quasinormal modes. Applications of our findings include the definition of hydrodynamic length and time scales. We also show that the quasinormal modes, including the hydrodynamic diffusion modes, obey causality.
Swept source optical coherence tomography Gabor fusion splicing technique for microscopy of thick samples using a deformable mirror

Abstract. We present a swept source optical coherence tomography (OCT) system at 1060 nm equipped with a wavefront sensor at 830 nm and a deformable mirror in a closed-loop adaptive optics (AO) system. Due to the AO correction, the confocal profile of the interface optics becomes narrower than the OCT axial range, restricting the part of the B-scan (cross section) with good contrast. By actuating on the deformable mirror, the depth of the focus is changed and the system is used to demonstrate Gabor filtering in order to produce B-scan OCT images with enhanced sensitivity throughout the axial range from a Drosophila larvae. The focus adjustment is achieved by manipulating the curvature of the deformable mirror between two user-defined limits. Particularities of controlling the focus for Gabor filtering using the deformable mirror are presented.
Optimal DoS attack policy against remote state estimation

Security of Cyber-Physical System (CPS) has gained increasing attention in recent years. Most existing works mainly investigate the system performance given the attacking patterns. In this paper, we investigate how the attacker should design its DoS attacking policy so that the system performance can be deteriorated as much as possible. Specifically, we consider the scenario where a sensor sends its data to a remote estimator through a wireless channel for state estimation, while an attacker decides whether to jam the channel at each sampling time. For two typical system performance indexes, i.e., the expected average estimation error and the expected terminal estimation error, we construct optimal attack scheduling schemes, respectively. We also propose the optimal attack schedules to avoid the given intruder detection mechanism. Numerical examples are presented to demonstrate the effectiveness of our results.
Preliminary Design of a Three-Finger Underactuated Adaptive End Effector with a Breakaway Clutch Mechanism

Commercially available robotic grippers are often expensive and not easy to modify for specific purposes of robotics research and education. To extend the choice of robotic end effectorsavailable to researchers, this paper presents the preliminary work on prototype design and analysis of a three-finger underactuated robotic end effector with a breakaway clutch mechanism suitable for research in robot manipulation of objects for industrial and service applications. Kinematic models of the finger and the breakaway clutch mechanisms are analyzed aiming to define selection criteria of design parameters. Grasping performance of the end effector prototype manufactured with a 3D printing technology and off-the-shelf components is evaluated using simulation and experimental analyses. Comparison with widely applied available robotic end effectors shows the potential advantages of the proposed end effector design.
Wide-Area Protection and Power System Utilization

This paper describes basic principles and philosophy for wide-area protection schemes, also known as remedial action schemes (RAS) or system protection schemes (SPS). In the areas of power system automation and substation automation, there are two parallel trends in different directions: centralization and decentralization. More and more functions are moved from local and regional control centers toward the central or national control center. At the same time we also observe more and more "intelligence" and "decision-power" moving closer toward the actual power system process. We also see a great deal of functional integration, i.e., more and more functionality enclosed in the same hardware. This raises discussions concerning reliability (security and dependability). The main targets for this paper is therefore to: 1) sort out the terminology used in this area; 2) describe different application areas and related requirements; 3) illustrate different design principles-"top-down", "bottom-up", hierarchy, flat, etc., for different applications; and 4) identify similarities and differences between classic equipment protection and system protection-concerning philosophy as well as concerning product and system design. The theme of the paper is on the use of information technology to obtain more flexibility and smartness in power-system controls.
Identification of binding sites for the 86-kilodalton IE2 protein of human cytomegalovirus within an IE2-responsive viral early promoter

The 86-kDa IE2 protein (IE86) of human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) can act as both an activator and a repressor of gene expression. The mechanisms for both of these functions are not well defined. It has recently been demonstrated that this protein has sequence-specific DNA binding properties: it interacts directly with a target sequence that is located between the TATA box and the cap site of its own promoter. This sequence, termed the CRS (cis repression signal) element, is required for negative autoregulation of the IE1/IE2 enhancer/promoter by IE2. We demonstrate now that binding of this protein to DNA is not confined to this site but occurs also within an early promoter of HCMV that has previously been shown to be strongly IE2 responsive. By DNase I protection analysis using a purified, procaryotically expressed IE2 protein, we could identify three binding sites within the region of -290 to -120 of the UL112 promoter of HCMV. Competition in DNase I protection experiments as well as gel retardation experiments showed that the identified binding sites are specific and have high affinity. Deletion of IE2 binding sites from this promoter reduced the level of transactivation; however, the remaining promoter could still be stimulated about 40-fold. Constructs in which IE2 binding sites were fused directly to the TATA box of the UL112 promoter did not reveal a significant contribution of these sequences to transactivation. However, if an IE2 binding site was reinserted upstream of nucleotide -117 of the UL112 promoter, an increase in transactivation by IE2 was obvious, whereas a mutated sequence could not mediate this effect. This finding suggests that DNA-bound IE2 can contribute to transactivation but seems to require the presence of additional transcription factors. Moreover, a comparison of the detected IE2 binding sites could not detect a strong homology, suggesting that this protein may be able to interact with a broad spectrum of different target sequences.
Integrative analysis of high-dimensional data applied to vaccine research

Gene expression data is recognized as high-dimensional data that needs specific statisticaltools for its analysis. But in the context of vaccine trials, other measures, such asflow-cytometry measurements are also high-dimensional. In addition, such measurementsare often repeated over time. This work is built on the idea that using the maximum ofavailable information, by modeling prior knowledge and integrating all data at hand, willimprove the inference and the interpretation of biological results from high-dimensionaldata. First, we present an original methodological development, Time-course Gene SetAnalysis (TcGSA), for the analysis of longitudinal gene expression data, taking into accountprior biological knowledge in the form of predefined gene sets. Second, we describetwo integrative analyses of two different vaccine studies. The first study reveals lowerexpression of inflammatory pathways consistently associated with lower viral rebound followinga HIV therapeutic vaccine. The second study highlights the role of a testosteronemediated group of genes linked to lipid metabolism in sex differences in immunologicalresponse to a flu vaccine. Finally, we introduce a new model-based clustering approach forthe automated treatment of cell populations from flow-cytometry data, namely a Dirichletprocess mixture of skew t-distributions, with a sequential posterior approximation strategyfor dealing with repeated measurements. Hence, the automatic recognition of thecell populations could allow a practical improvement of the daily work of immunologistsas well as a better interpretation of gene expression data after taking into account thefrequency of all cell populations.
Send Orders of Reprints at Reprints@benthamscience.org Effects of Changes in Irrigation and Land Use on Streamflow in the Revuelto Creek Watershed, a Tributary of the Canadian River in New Mexico, Usa

Extensive development in the Canadian River watershed in New Mexico and Texas occurred in the 20 th century to supply water for irrigation, and municipal and industrial uses. In recent years (2000-2009), these infrastructures have not been able to supply sufficient water to meet demands. The objective of this study was to assess the effects of changes in irrigation allotments and land use to the Arch Hurley Conservancy District on streamflow out of Revuelto Creek, a tributary of the Canadian River in eastern New Mexico, USA. Outflow from Revuelto Creek varied considerably from 1961 to 2009. The best predictor of annual outflow was a two-component linear model with terms for annual precipitation and the annual irrigation allotment to the Arch Hurley Conservancy District. ArcSWAT (GIS extension of the Soil Water Assessment Tool) simulated outflow from Revuelto Creek best when historical values for irrigation allotments were used in the management operations for cropland. These results indicate that annual irrigation allotments of approximately 123,000,000 m 3 increased outflow from the creek by approximately 25,000,000 m 3. Years in which the irrigation allotments to the district exceeded 100,000,000 m 3 corresponded to years in which water was released from Ute Lake. These results suggest that managers of Lake Meredith need to take into account water availability upstream of Ute Dam when devising plans for Lake Meredith.
The Immunopathogenesis of Chronic Autoimmune Thyroiditis One Century after Hashimoto

Hakaru Hashimoto described 4 patients with a hitherto unknown cause for goitre, struma lymphomatosa, a century ago. He was careful to distinguish this from Riedel thyroiditis but it has become clear that fibrosis and atrophy of the thyroid are indeed components of Hashimoto thyroiditis, and in rare cases IgG4-related sclerosing disease may be an outcome. Although the cause of the lymphocytic infiltration was unknown to Hashimoto, we now know through the pioneering studies of N.R. Rose and E. Witebsky [J Immunol 1956;76:417–427] that this condition is the archetype for autoimmune destruction as a disease mechanism. In the last two decades in particular, there has been huge interest in unravelling the genetic basis for this and related autoimmune disorders. The list of polymorphisms associated with autoimmune thyroid disease grows each year, and in the case of vitiligo, which is frequently found in association with thyroid autoimmunity, we know that 27 separate susceptibility loci account for less than 20% of the heritability of this condition. Environmental and existential factors may turn out to be just as complex in number and in interactions. We can thus imagine a ‘Swiss cheese’ model for the causation of autoimmune thyroid disease, in which the effects of cumulative weaknesses line up – like the holes in slices of cheese – to allow the catastrophic event of autoimmune destruction to occur.
Multiresolution Feature Based Subspace Analysis for Fingerprint Recognition

The image intensity surface in an ideal fingerprint image contains a limited range of spatial frequencies, and mutually distinct textures differ significantly in their dominant frequencies. This paper presents a multiresolution feature based subspace technique for fingerprint recognition. The technique computes the core point of fingerprint and crops the image to predefined size. The multiresolution features of aligned fingerprint are computed using 2-D discrete wavelet transform. LL component in wavelet decomposition is concatenated to form the fingerprint feature. Principal component analysis is performed on these features to extract the features with reduced dimensionality. The algorithm is effective and efficient in extracting the features. It is also robust to noise. Experimental results using the FVC2002 and Bologna databases show the feasibility of the proposed method.
Comparative Analysis of dynamic graph techniques and data strucutre

Dynamically changing graphs are used in many applications of graph algorithms. The scope of these graphs are in graphics, communication networks and in VLSI designs where graphs are subjected to change, such as addition and deletion of edges and vertices. There is a rich body of the algorithms and data structures used for dynamic graphs. The paper overview the techniques and data structures used in various dynamic algorithms. The effort is tried to find out the comparison in these techniques namely the hierarchical decomposition of graphs and highlighting the ingenuity used in designing these algorithms.
Value of ST-resolution analysis in the era of primary percutaneous coronary intervention

When treating ST-elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) with primary percutaneous coronary intervention (PPCI) a successful restoration of coronary epicardial blood flow does not guarantee sufficient microvascular perfusion or optimal outcome. Thus, one-third of patients achieving thrombolysis in myocardial infarction flow grade 3 have compromised microvascular perfusion, which may have prognostic implications.1 Such patients nay be identified by single photon emission computed tomography, positron emission tomography or stress Echo. These methods, however, cannot help us in triaging per-interventional or early post-interventional treatment because they are not available 24-hourly, require skilled personnel for the interpretation and the results are not available until a time at which irreversible myocardial damage has occurred. ECG analysis, even though introduced more than 100 years ago,2 may provide valuable prognostic information even in the era of PPCI. It is well established that early and complete resolution of ST-segment elevation is a powerful predictor of infarct-related artery patency, preserved microvascular integrity and low mortality in patients with STEMI.3 However, there is no established consensus about how and when to measure ST resolution. Numerous potential ST-resolution measures may be of value in early risk stratification, evaluation of coronary epicardial patency and microvascular integrity (table 1). For some reason relative ST resolution is used in the majority of trials as a surrogate endpoint measure of …
Exploiting Geo-tagged Tweets to Understand Localized Language Diversity

Social media services are the top-growing online communities in the last few years. Among those, Twitter becomes the de facto of microblogging services with millions of tweets posted everyday. In this paper, we present an analytical study for localized language usage and diversity in Twitter data using a half billion geotagged tweets. We first identify local Twitter communities on a country-level. For the identified communities, we examine (1) the language diversity, (2) the language dominance within the community and how this differs from local to global views, (3) demographics representativeness of tweets for real population demographics, and (4) the spatial distribution of different cultural groups within the countries. To this end, we group the tweets on two levels. First, we group tweets per country to identify the local communities. Second, we group tweets within each local community based on the tweet language. Our study shows useful insights about language usage on Twitter which provide important information for language-based applications on top of Twitter data, e.g., lingual analysis and disaster management. In addition, we present an interactive exploration tool for the spatial distribution of cultural groups, which provides a low-effort and high-precision localization of different cultural groups inside a certain country.
Sporadic Multiprocessor Scheduling with Few Preemptions

Consider the problem of scheduling n sporadic tasks so as to meet deadlines on m identical processors. A task is characterised by its minimum interarrival time and its worst-case execution time. Tasks are preemptible and may migrate between processors. We propose an algorithm with limited migration, configurable for a utilisation bound of 88% with few preemptions (and arbitrarily close to 100% with more preemptions).
Simulating Surgery using Volumetric Object Representations, Real-Time Volume Rendering and Haptic Feedback

Surgical simulation has many applications in education and training, surgical planning, and intraoperative assistance. However, extending current surface-based computer graphics methods to model phenomena such as the deformation, cutting, tearing, or repairing of soft tissues pose significant challenges for real-time interactions. In this paper, the use of volumetric methods for modeling complex anatomy and tissue interactions is introduced. New techniques for modeling soft tissue deformation and tissue cutting at interactive rates are detailed. In addition, an initial prototype for simulating arthroscopic knee surgery that has resulted from an ongoing collaboration is described. Volumetric models for the knee simulator were derived from 3D Magnetic Resonance Imaging. Visual and haptic feedback is provided to the user via real-time volume and polygon rendering and a force feedback device.
Borrower Credit and the Valuation of Mortgage-Backed Securities

We study the valuation of mortgage-backed securities when borrowers may have to refinance at premium rates because of their credit. The optimal refinancing strategy often results in prepayment being delayed significantly relative to traditional models. Furthermore, mortgage values can exceed par by much more than the cost of refinancing. Applying the model to an extensive sample of mortgage-backed security prices, we find that the implied credit spreads that match these prices closely parallel borrowers' actual spreads at the origination of the mortgage. These results suggest that models that incorporate borrower credit into the analysis may provide a promising alternative to the reduced-form prepayment models widely used in practice. Copyright 2005 by the American Real Estate and Urban Economics Association