Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Influenza vaccine effectiveness during the 2012 influenza season in Victoria, Australia: Influences of waning immunity and vaccine match

Vaccine effectiveness may wane with increasing time since vaccination. This analysis used the Victorian sentinel general practitioner (GP) network to estimate vaccine effectiveness for trivalent inactivated vaccines in the 2012 season. A test‐negative design was used where patients presenting to GPs with influenza‐like illness who tested positive for influenza were cases and noncases were those who tested negative. Vaccination status was recorded by GPs. Vaccine effectiveness was calculated as (1‐odds ratio) × 100%. Estimates were compared early versus late in the season and by time since vaccination. Virus isolates were assessed antigenically by hemagglutination inhibition assay in a selection of positive samples and viruses from healthy adults who experienced a vaccine breakthrough were analyzed genetically. The adjusted vaccine effectiveness estimate for any type of influenza was 45% (95% CI: 8,66) and for influenza A(H3) was 35% (95% CI: −11,62). A non‐significant effect of waning effectiveness by time since vaccination was observed for A(H3). For those vaccinated <93 days of presentation vaccine effectiveness was 37% (95% CI: −29,69), while for those vaccinated ≥93 days before presentation it was 18% (95% CI: −83,63). Comparison of early versus late in the season estimates was very sensitive to the cut off week chosen for analysis. Antigenic data suggested that low vaccine effectiveness was not associated with poor vaccine match among the A(H3) viruses. However, genetic analysis suggested nucleotide substitutions in antigenic sites. In 2012, the trivalent influenza vaccine provided moderate protection against influenza and showed limited evidence for waning effectiveness. Antigenic and genetic data can provide additional insight into understanding these estimates. J. Med. Virol. 86:1017–1025, 2014. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
ΔNp63 Regulates Stem Cell Dynamics in the Mammalian Olfactory Epithelium

The ability of the olfactory epithelium (OE) to regenerate after injury is mediated by at least two populations of presumed stem cells—globose basal cells (GBCs) and horizontal basal cells (HBCs). Of the two, GBCs are molecularly and phenotypically analogous to the olfactory progenitors of the embryonic placode (OPPs). In contrast, HBCs are a reserve stem cell population that appears later in development and requires activation by severe epithelial damage before contributing to epithelial reconstitution. Neither HBC emergence nor the mechanism of activation after injury is understood. Here we show that the transcription factor p63 (Trp63), which is expressed selectively by adult HBCs, is required for HBC differentiation. The first evidence of HBC differentiation is the expression of p63 by cells that closely resemble embryonic OPPs and adult GBCs by morphology and expression of the transcription factors Sox2, Ascl1, and Hes1. HBC formation is delayed in Ascl1 knock-out OE and is completely abrogated in p63-null mice. Strikingly, other cell types of the OE form normally in the p63 knock-out OE. The role of p63 in HBC differentiation appears to be conserved in the regenerating rat OE, where HBCs disappear and then reappear after tissue lesion. Finally, p63 protein is downregulated in HBCs activated by lesion to become multipotent progenitor cells. Together, our data identify a novel mechanism for the generation of a reserve stem cell population and suggest that a p63-dependent molecular switch is responsible for activating reserve stem cells when they are needed.
Saliva as a diagnostic fluid.

contribute to the first objective-interrupting transmissionby promoting BCG vaccination or revaccination of contacts.2' Achieving the third objective-preventing deformitiesrelies mainly on surveillance to ensure early detection of nerve damage and appropriate treatment for reactions. Until the first two objectives are achieved the paper by ffytche and colleagues will remain relevant. ' CHRISTIAN LIENHARDT Lecturer
A general salt-resistant hydrophilic/hydrophobic nanoporous double layer design for efficient and stable solar water evaporation distillation

A novel and elegant hydrophilic/hydrophobic nanoporous double layer structure was designed and developed for efficient long-term water desalination. It contained a hydrophobic salt-resistant hierarchical layer of well-defined Cu2SnSe3 (or Cu2ZnSnSe4) nanosphere arrays for broad solar harvesting and water vapor evaporation, and a hydrophilic filter membrane for continuous water supply and vapor generation. The as-fabricated self-floatable devices achieve remarkable solar water evaporation performances (average evaporation rate: 1.657 kg m−2 h−1 and solar thermal conversion efficiency: 86.6% under one sun) with super stability for water distillation from seawater and wastewater containing organic dyes, heavy metals and bacteria.
Material specificity of memory deficits in children with temporal tumors and seizures: A case series

ABSTRACT In adults, left temporal lobe pathology is typically associated with verbal memory deficits, whereas right temporal lobe pathology is thought to produce visual memory deficits in right-handed individuals. However, in children and adolescents with temporal lobe pathology, conclusions regarding material specificity of memory deficits remain unclear. The goal of the present case series is to examine the profile of verbal and visual memory impairment in children with temporal lobe tumors. Three patients with identified right temporal tumors and three patients with left temporal tumors are included. The Wide Range Assessment of Memory and Learning-Second Edition (WRAML-2) was administered as part of a larger neuropsychological battery. As anticipated, participants with right temporal lesions showed impaired visual memory relative to intact verbal memory. Interestingly, although the discrepancies between verbal and visual indices were less extreme, those with left temporal lesions showed a similar memory profile. These seemingly counterintuitive findings among left temporal tumor patients likely reflect less hemispheric specialization in children in comparison to adults and the fact that early developmental lesions in the left hemisphere may lead to functional reorganization of language-based skills.
Identification of a d-Arabinose-5-Phosphate Isomerase in the Gram-Positive Clostridium tetani

ABSTRACT d-Arabinose-5-phosphate (A5P) isomerases (APIs) catalyze the interconversion of d-ribulose-5-phosphate and d-arabinose-5-phosphate. Various Gram-negative bacteria, such as the uropathogenic Escherichia coli strain CFT073, contain multiple API paralogs (KdsD, GutQ, KpsF, and c3406) that have been assigned various cellular functions. The d-arabinose-5-phosphate formed by these enzymes seems to play important roles in the biosynthesis of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and group 2 K-antigen capsules, as well as in the regulation of the cellular d-glucitol uptake and uropathogenic infectivity/virulence. The genome of a Gram-positive pathogenic bacterium, Clostridium tetani, contains a gene encoding a putative API, C. tetani API (CtAPI), even though C. tetani lacks both LPS and capsid biosynthetic genes. To better understand the physiological role of d-arabinose-5-phosphate in this Gram-positive organism, recombinant CtAPI was purified and characterized. CtAPI displays biochemical characteristics similar to those of APIs from Gram-negative organisms and complements the API deficiency of an E. coli API knockout strain. Thus, CtAPI represents the first d-arabinose-5-phosphate isomerase to be identified and characterized from a Gram-positive bacterium. IMPORTANCE The genome of Clostridium tetani, a pathogenic Gram-positive bacterium and the causative agent of tetanus, contains a gene (the CtAPI gene) that shares high sequence similarity with those of genes encoding d-arabinose-5-phosphate isomerases. APIs play an important role within Gram-negative bacteria in d-arabinose-5-phosphate production for lipopolysaccharide biosynthesis, capsule formation, and regulation of cellular d-glucitol uptake. The significance of our research is in identifying and characterizing CtAPI, the first Gram-positive API. Our findings show that CtAPI is specific to the interconversion of arabinose-5-phosphate and ribulose-5-phosphate while having no activity with the other sugars and sugar phosphates tested. We have speculated a regulatory role for this API in C. tetani, an organism that does not produce lipopolysaccharide.
Malicious User Detection in a Cognitive Radio Cooperative Sensing System

Reliable detection of primary users (PUs) is an important task for cognitive radio (CR) systems. Cooperation among a few spectrum sensors has been shown to offer significant gain in the performance of the CR spectrum-sensing system by countering the shadow-fading effects. We consider a parallel fusion network in which the sensors send their sensing information to an access point which makes the final decision regarding presence or absence of the PU signal. It has been shown in the literature that the presence of malicious users sending false sensing data can severely degrade the performance of such a cooperative sensing system. In this paper, we investigate schemes to identify the malicious users based on outlier detection techniques for a cooperative sensing system employing energy detection at the sensors. We take into consideration constraints imposed by the CR scenario such as the lack of information about the primary signal propagation environment and the small size of the sensing data samples. Considering partial information of the PU activity, we propose a novel method to identify the malicious users. We further propose malicious user detection schemes that take into consideration the spatial information of the CR sensors. The performance of the proposed schemes are studied using simulations.
Cognitive Behavioural Therapy and Applied Relaxation for Generalized Anxiety Disorder: A Time Series Analysis of Change in Worry and Somatic Anxiety

The present study examined symptom change profiles in patients with generalized anxiety disorder (GAD) receiving either cognitive behavioural therapy (CBT) or applied relaxation (AR). It was hypothesized that (a) changes in worry would uniquely predict changes in somatic anxiety for most participants receiving CBT and (b) changes in somatic anxiety would uniquely predict changes in worry for most participants in the AR condition. Twenty participants (CBT n = 10; AR n = 10) completed daily ratings of worry and somatic anxiety during therapy, and multivariate time series analysis was used to assess the causal impact of each variable on the other. The hypotheses were not supported because we found no evidence of a match between individual symptom change profiles and treatment condition. Rather, a bidirectional relationship between worry and somatic anxiety was observed in 80% of participants receiving CBT and 70% of participants receiving AR. When only treatment responders were considered, 83% of participants receiving CBT and 86% of those receiving AR had such a bidirectional effect. The findings are discussed in terms of models of psychopathology that posit dynamic interactions between symptom clusters and in terms of the value of examining treatment mechanisms at the individual level.
Music reduces panic: an initial study of listening to preferred music improves male patient discomfort and anxiety during flexible cystoscopy.

PURPOSE To assess the impact of listening to preferred music on relieving male patients' pain and anxiety during flexible cystoscopy. PATIENTS AND METHODS A total of 124 male patients were admitted to our hospital for flexile cystoscopy by a single urologist between January 2013 and September 2013 and randomized to two equal groups. Group 2 included 62 patients who could select and listen to their preferred music during flexible cystoscopy. Group 1 included 62 patients who were unable to listen to the music. All patients were administered the same amount of lidocaine (10 mL) for 3 minutes for local anesthesia before flexible cystoscopy. A visual analog scale (VAS) ranging from 0 to 10 was used to assess patients' pain feeling after the cystoscopy procedure. Anxiety levels were calculated according to the State Instrument of State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI-S), and the pulse rate were recorded 5 minutes before and immediately after the procedure. The duration of the procedure of each group were also analyzed. RESULTS Statistically significant differences were detected between group 1 and group 2 in the mean pain score on VAS (2.53 ± 1.34 vs 1.63 ± 1.09, P=0.002, Mann-Whitney U test), mean postprocedural State Anxiety Inventory pain score (39.4 ± 6.5 vs 34.5 ± 5.8), and postprocedural pulse rate (79.8 ± 5.5 vs 76.0 ± 7.3) (P<0.001 for both, t test). Patients who listened to their preferred music experienced less discomfort and lower anxiety at cystoscopy. Patient age, duration of the procedure, preprocedural STAI-S, and preprocedural pulse rate of each group were comparable. CONCLUSION Listening to preferred music during flexible cystoscopy is an easy way to improves male patients' comfort and reduce their anxiety. It could be recommended for male patients.
Modern Compiler Implementation in Java

Last year you may have seen the Modern Compiler Implementation in C: Basic Techniques (1997) which was the preliminary edition of our new 1998 textbook, Modern Compiler Implementation in C. The new, expanded version of this textbook describes all phases of a modern compiler: lexical analysis, parsing, abstract syntax, semantic actions, intermediate representations, instruction selection via tree matching, dataflow analysis, graph-coloring register allocation, and runtime systems. It includes good coverage of current techniques in code generation and register allocation, as well as functional and object-oriented languages, that are missing from most books. In addition, more advanced chapters are now included so that it can be used as the basis for two-semester or graduate course. The most accepted and successful techniques are described in a concise way, rather than as an exhaustive catalog of every possible variant. Detailed descriptions of the interfaces between modules of a compiler are illustrated with actual C header files. The first part of the book, Fundamentals of Compilation, is suitable for a one-semester first course in compiler design. The second part, Advanced Topics, which includes the advanced chapters, covers the compilation of object-oriented and functional languages, garbage collection, loop optimizations, SSA form, loop scheduling, and optimization for cache-memory hierarchies. A unique feature of the book is a well designed compiler implementation project in Java, including front-end and 'high-tech' back-end phases, so that students can build a complete working compiler in one semester. Accompanying support software is available.
Novel interactors and a role for supervillin in early cytokinesis

Supervillin, the largest member of the villin/gelsolin/flightless family, is a peripheral membrane protein that regulates each step of cell motility, including cell spreading. Most known interactors bind within its amino (N)‐terminus. We show here that the supervillin carboxy (C)‐terminus can be modeled as supervillin‐specific loops extending from gelsolin‐like repeats plus a villin‐like headpiece. We have identified 27 new candidate interactors from yeast two‐hybrid screens. The interacting sequences from 12 of these proteins (BUB1, EPLIN/LIMA1, FLNA, HAX1, KIF14, KIFC3, MIF4GD/SLIP1, ODF2/Cenexin, RHAMM, STARD9/KIF16A, Tks5/SH3PXD2A, TNFAIP1) co‐localize with and mis‐localize EGFP‐supervillin in mammalian cells, suggesting associations in vivo. Supervillin‐interacting sequences within BUB1, FLNA, HAX1, and MIF4GD also mimic supervillin over‐expression by inhibiting cell spreading. Most new interactors have known roles in supervillin‐associated processes, e.g. cell motility, membrane trafficking, ERK signaling, and matrix invasion; three (KIF14, KIFC3, STARD9/KIF16A) have kinesin motor domains; and five (EPLIN, KIF14, BUB1, ODF2/cenexin, RHAMM) are important for cell division. GST fusions of the supervillin G2‐G3 or G4‐G6 repeats co‐sediment KIF14 and EPLIN, respectively, consistent with a direct association. Supervillin depletion leads to increased numbers of bi‐ and multi‐nucleated cells. Cytokinesis failure occurs predominately during early cytokinesis. Supervillin localizes with endogenous myosin II and EPLIN in the cleavage furrow, and overlaps with the oncogenic kinesin, KIF14, at the midbody. We conclude that supervillin, like its interactors, is important for efficient cytokinesis. Our results also suggest that supervillin and its interaction partners coordinate actin and microtubule motor functions throughout the cell cycle. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Realization of the microchannel with microisland arrays by one-step silicon wet etching process

In this paper, the study on fabricating silicon microchannel with high-density small-scale microisland arrays by one-step anisotropic wet etching process has been presented. Two different kinds of compensating masks were elaborately designed, one is consist of a series traditional T-shape compensating patterns arranged by cross-compensating method; the other is formed by a series of square-slits aligned along the silicon <;100> directions. 200 μm-width 20 μm-depth microchannels containing microisland arrays were realized utilizing those compensating masks. It was found that the microislands owned a “windmill flower” shape under the former compensating mask, the average feature size was down to 4 μm and the minimum center spacing reached 50 μm. Meanwhile, microisland arrays with octagonal structure, whose minimum feature size was down to 6.2 μm, were realized by the latter compensating mask.
Vulnerability of motorcycle riders and co-riders to injuries in multi-occupant crashes

In developing countries, most motorcycles are ridden with more than one occupant. The objective of this study was to establish the relative vulnerability of riders and co-riders to injury and determine the injury risk factors in multi-occupant motorcycle crashes. Between January and December 2010, we collected crash and injury data from victims of multi-occupant motorcycle. It is a hospital-based study. The probability of sustaining injuries was similar for co-riders and riders, but co-riders were more likely to sustain severe injuries. Occupants of >2-occupant motorcycles were also more likely to be involved in risky behaviours like not wearing helmet and speeding than those on 2-occupant motorcycles. Occupants of motorcycles on which there were more than two occupants were at an increased risk of sustaining injuries compared with occupants of motorcycles with only two occupants (OR: 2.1, 95% CI: 1.1–4.3). Motorcycle co-riders were more vulnerable to severe injuries than riders. The significance of the study finding to prevention was discussed.
Breast Cancer Detection and Classification with Data-Augmented Ensemble Model

Medical image classification plays a crucial role in modern healthcare, aiding in the early detection and diagnosis of various diseases. This paper introduces an advanced machine-learning model for the classification of medical images, specifically focusing on its application in the context of cancer detection. The proposed model, named MLM-EO (Multi-Level Morphological Extraction Optimization), integrates cutting-edge optimization techniques with machine learning algorithms to achieve highly accurate classification results. The study encompasses several key phases, including image segmentation, feature extraction, and classification. In the segmentation phase, MLM-EO demonstrates exceptional performance in accurately delineating target objects within medical images. The feature extraction process extracts meaningful information from the images, enhancing the model's ability to capture relevant patterns and characteristics. The classification results showcase the model's proficiency in categorizing medical images into “Cancer” and “Non-Cancer” classes, with associated probability estimates. Comparative analysis with other classification methods reveals MLM-EO's superiority in terms of accuracy, precision, recall, and F1-Score. This research contributes to the ongoing efforts to advance medical image analysis and improve disease diagnosis. The MLM-EO model exhibits great promise as a valuable tool for healthcare professionals, offering the potential to enhance the accuracy and efficiency of cancer detection. Further validation and deployment in clinical settings are essential to fully unlock its potential and impact on patient care.
Experimental testing of reinforced end-notched glulam beams

Notches made at the ends of timber beams significantly decrease load carrying capacity of a structural member. This paper presents an experimental research on bending behaviour of end-notched glulam beams, with and without reinforcement. Screws for timber were used as reinforcement, positioned at angles of 90° and 45° to the longitudinal beam axis. The unreinforced beams failed due to crack opening and its propagation in a brittle manner. Cracks that appeared in the notch details resulted from combined excessive tensile stresses perpendicular to grain and shear stresses. This study shows that reinforcing the beams at the notched ends can improve their load carrying capacity and deformability. However, applied screws did not help the beams achieve ductile failure in bending. The shear failure was dominant failure mechanism for reinforced beams. In addition, analytical calculations were performed in accordance with Eurocode 5 so as to compare the results with experimental research.
Body mass index and Barrett’s oesophagus in women

Objective: Excess body mass is associated with symptoms of gastro-oesophageal reflux disease, and cross-sectional studies suggest an association between body mass index (BMI) and Barrett’s oesophagus. The present study sought prospectively to examine the influence of BMI and other anthropomorphic measures on the risk for Barrett’s oesophagus among women. Methods: This was a prospective study of 15 861 women who participated in the Nurses’ Health Study, without a history of cancer, who underwent upper gastrointestinal endoscopy for any reason between 1986 and 2004. The main outcome measures were 261 cases of pathologically confirmed specialised intestinal metaplasia within the oesophagus (Barrett’s oesophagus). Self-reported data on weight were collected from biennial questionnaires. Self-reported height was collected in 1976, and self-reported waist and hip circumferences were collected in 1986. Results: Compared with women with a BMI of 20–24.9 kg/m2, women with a BMI of 25–29.9 had a multivariate OR for Barrett’s oesophagus of 0.92 (95% CI 0.66 to 1.27), women with a BMI ⩾30 had a multivariate OR of 1.52 (95% CI 1.02 to 2.28) and women with a BMI <20 had a multivariate OR of 0.92 (95% CI 0.65 to 1.31). Results were similar when controlling for symptoms of gastro-oesophageal reflux, and among the entire Nurses’ Health Study cohort (n = 93 609) regardless of a history of endoscopy. In contrast, waist-to-hip ratio, waist circumference and height did not appear to be associated with Barrett’s oesophagus. Conclusions: Obese, but not overweight, women appear to be at increased risk for Barrett’s oesophagus.