Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Capturing Expression Using Linguistic Information

Recognizing similarities between literary works for copyright infringement detection requires evaluating similarity in the expression of content. Copyright law protects expression of content; similarities in content alone are not enough to indicate infringement. Expression refers to the way people convey particular information; it captures both the information and the manner of its presentation. In this paper, we present a novel set of linguistically informed features that provide a computational definition of expression and that enable accurate recognition of individual titles and their paraphrases more than 80% of the time. In comparison, baseline features, e.g., tfidf-weighted keywords, function words, etc., give an accuracy of at most 53%. Our computational definition of expression uses linguistic features that are extracted from POS-tagged text using context-free grammars, without incurring the computational cost of full parsers. The results indicate that informative linguistic features do not have to be computationally prohibitively expensive to extract.
Constellations of Institutional Logics

Drawing on the professions and institutional literature, we develop theory about how professional work can reflect multiple institutional logics by analyzing changes in the work of pharmacists over time. Through a historical case study of U.S. pharmacists from 1852 to the present, we propose a new conceptualization of professionals and professional work as guided by a constellation of logics derived from broader society. We show that both competitive (segmenting) and cooperative (facilitative or additive) relationships among coexisting logics allow for the simultaneous influence of multiple logics on professionals and their work.
Character-based indexing and browsing with movie ontology

Various content-based methods (e.g., audio-visual feature recognition and dialogs analysis) have been proposed for analyzing, indexing and understanding movies. Our previous approach introduced a method for character indexing based on manual annotation. However, this method has shown several unsatisfactoriness on performing of indexing. For addressing this issue, in this work, we take into account using image processing techniques for semi-automatically character-based indexing. Besides, a movie ontological model is created for connecting character appearances and character’s roles in the movie. Moreover, we propose a system for assist user indexing manually. On the other hand, a searching and browsing tool is also introduced. Using this tool, user can query character-based semantic indexing. Experimental results are shown that our proposed method is able to assist user in consuming index time and providing a method for automatic indexing, searching and browsing based on semantic queries.
Evidence for Dietary Niche Separation Based on Infraorbital Foramen Size Variation among Subfossil Lemurs

The size of the infraorbital foramen (IOF) has been used in drawing both phylogenetic and ecological inferences regarding fossil taxa. Within the order Primates, frugivores have relatively larger IOFs than folivores or insectivores. This study uses relative IOF size in lemurs to test prior trophic inferences for subfossil lemurs and to explore the pattern of variation within and across lemur families. The IOFs of individuals belonging to 12 extinct lemur species were measured and compared to those of extant Malagasy strepsirhines. Observations matched expectations drawn from more traditional approaches (e.g. dental morphology and microwear, stable isotope analysis) remarkably well. We confirm that extinct lemurs belonging to the families Megaladapidae and Palaeopropithecidae were predominantly folivorous and that species belonging to the genus Pachylemur (Lemuridae) were frugivores. Very high values for relative IOF area in Archaeolemur support frugivory but are also consistent with omnivory, as certain omnivores use facial touch cues while feeding. These results provide additional evidence that the IOF can be used as an informative osteological feature in both phylogenetic and paleoecological interpretations of the fossil record.
Eye gaze patterns differentiate novice and experts in a virtual laparoscopic surgery training environment

Visual information is important in surgeons' manipulative performance especially in laparoscopic surgery where tactual feedback is less than in open surgery. The study of surgeons' eye movements is an innovative way of assessing skill, in that a comparison of the eye movement strategies between expert surgeons and novices may show important differences that could be used in training. We conducted a preliminary study comparing the eye movements of 5 experts and 5 novices performing a one-handed aiming task on a computer-based laparoscopic surgery simulator. The performance results showed that experts were quicker and generally committed fewer errors than novices. We investigated eye movements as a possible factor for experts performing better than novices. The results from eye gaze analysis showed that novices needed more visual feedback of the tool position to complete the task than did experts. In addition, the experts tended to maintain eye gaze on the target while manipulating the tool, whereas novices were more varied in their behaviours. For example, we found that on some trials, novices tracked the movement of the tool until it reached the target.
PLASMID MEDIATED METHICILLIN AND VANCOMYCIN RESISTANT Staphylococcus aureus ISOLATED FROM NORTHERN INDIA

A study was conducted to determine plasmid mediated methicillin and vancomycin resistant Staphylococcus aureus along with plasmid profiling and detection of vancomycin resistance genes. This study was carried out in the Department of Microbiology and Fermentation Technology, Sam Higginbottom Institute of Agriculture Technology and Sciences, Allahabad, India. The molecular detection of gene was completed in Molecular Diagnostic Research Laboratory, Chandigarh. Clinical specimens were collected from two tertiary care hospitals of Allahabad from September 2012 to May 2013. Altogether 59 S. aureus isolates were isolated among which 20 MRSA were screened. Acridine orange in concentration of 0.1mg/ml was used for plasmid curing. Plasmid cured VRSA isolates were subjected to plasmid profiling by agarose gel electrophoresis followed by detection of vanA and vanH gene. In vitro plasmid curing of 20 methicilin resistant, one vancomycin intermediate (MIC: 8µg/ml) and three vancomycin resistant (MIC: 16-32µg/ml) strains removed resistance markers from eight MRSA and two VRSA isolates, respectively. Vancomycin resistance plasmid was successfully transferred to MSSA. Plasmid borne vancomycin resistant strains harboured 23kbp plasmid. Vancomycin resistance vanA and vanH gene was identified on molecular basis. It was concluded that plasmid mediated methicillin resistance exists less frequently but in case of VRSA, Both the mechanisms of thickening cell wall and plasmid acquisition imposed equal impact on emergence of VRSA.
Automation of bioinformatic tools to detect gene fusion events in the Leishmania braziliensis and Leishmania major genomes

This work tried to identify gene fusion events in the genome of Leishmania major and Leishmania braziliensis based on computational processes using bioinformatics tools, designing and implementing a protocol that allowed the automation in the identification process. The project was justified in the actual need to find therapeutic targets to generate new alternative treatment for leishmaniasis. Methodologically, the paper uses comparative genomics tools using two databases, FusionDB and Domain Fusion. The fused genes of these two databases were aligned against the complete genomes of both species of Leishmania implementing the Inparanoid algorithm with a 50% value of coverage. A total of 75 possible gene fusion events, 41 were duplication events after the speciation of organisms, 4 were bifunctional genes and the rest were false positives. These results served to check the validity of the method, giving clues about the nature of gene fusion events in Leishmania and serve the community to use the computer protocol as a tool that can be applied or extrapolated to other microorganisms.
Constructing Client Agency in Psychotherapy Research

Certain researchers lay claim to focusing on client agency and offer examples of client agency in their work. However, research that focuses on client agency does so in very different ways. In the psychotherapy research literature, there are few reflections about the various ways in which client agency is constructed. This article offers such reflections. First, an existential definition of agency is introduced. Then, two general models that grasp aspects of agency are presented. Differences between them are highlighted. A new model is then presented that identifies six ways in which psychotherapy research constructs client agency. Central examples from the research literature are presented to describe the new model.
Cyborg dreams: from ergodics to electracy

This paper speculatively explores some of wider ramifications of introducing computer‐based media into the academy, both as a teaching tool and as a type of media for study in its own right. It focuses on the experience of computer‐induced liminal space and some of the psychological affects that result, including q‐phasing and attention‐deficit‐type behaviour, and ponders what affect they have on learners. The paper postulates that use of this media may result in a new for of computer‐based literacy, which Ulmer has called electracy. Such questions have broader implications for concepts of humanity and culture which the paper points towards.
Organizational Implosion

Detroit, Michigan, is on the brink: Financial mismanagement, population exodus, increasing legacy costs, and out-of-control debt have driven it to bankruptcy. City actors, both administrative and elected, making politically driven decisions invited the disaster. This article uses the concepts of organizational implosion and image management to examine the degree to which the city indeed suffered organization implosion and how the city presented its image, internally and externally. The article synthesizes the administrative and communication literature streams to find that despite an overall rebranding effort, city actors still are falling short when generating positive narratives and trying to change organizational culture.
Knowledge of storybooks as a predictor of young children's vocabulary.

Shared book reading provides a rich source of linguistic stimulation for young children. The authors examined whether variations in knowledge of storybooks (assumed to index factors such as frequency of shared reading) were related to vocabulary scores for 3- to 6-year-olds. In Experiment 1, parents' knowledge of storybooks explained unique variance in children's receptive vocabulary scores after controlling for children's analytic intelligence, parents' exposure to adult reading material, and parents' education. In Experiment 2, children's knowledge of storybooks explained unique variance in their receptive and expressive vocabulary scores after controlling for parents' exposure to print and socioeconomic status level. Children's knowledge of storybooks indexed cognitive factors as well as exposure. The findings obtained in the 2 experiments suggest that storybook experiences during the preschool years may be an important influence on the development of children's language skills.
Integrated Linguistic Resources for Language Exploitation Technologies

Linguistic Data Consortium has recently embarked on an effort to create integrated linguistic resources and related infrastructure for language exploitation technologies within the DARPA GALE (Global Autonomous Language Exploitation) Program. GALE targets an end-to-end system consisting of three major engines: Transcription, Translation and Distillation. Multilingual speech or text from a variety of genres is taken as input and English text is given as output, with information of interest presented in an integrated and consolidated fashion to the end user. GALE's goals require a quantum leap in the performance of human language technology, while also demanding solutions that are more intelligent, more robust, more adaptable, more efficient and more integrated. LDC has responded to this challenge with a comprehensive approach to linguistic resource development designed to support GALE's research and evaluation needs and to provide lasting resources for the larger Human Language Technology community.
Neoliberalism and the academic as critic and conscience of society

This paper provides a critique of academic experiences of neoliberal economic reform at a New Zealand (NZ) university. The authors engaged in a collaborative inquiry that was based upon a developing theoretical perspective of the reform process and how this affected their academic lives. We were keen to develop an understanding of liberal educational philosophy and how neoliberalism impacts on this. In this context we examined the nature of compliance and an academic's role in society. We conclude that universities in NZ are historically liberal and that there are limits to the neoliberal project due to the relationship that individuals have with knowledge and the pressures that come from being part of a worldwide academic community that aspires to excellence in research and teaching. However, new compliance measures, such as Performance-based Research Funding, have changed academic work and made a broader societal role for academics more difficult. In serving society universities are required to accept a role as critic and conscience of society. We suggest that academics must be both critic and conscience and that this responsibility can be fulfilled through our conduct, empowerment and speaking on behalf of others.
Isometric force development in human horizontal eye muscles and pulleys during saccadic eye movements

Purpose: The connective tissue elements forming the check ligaments and portals of the human eye muscles have recently been ascribed with a pulley function. Active positioning of the pulleys over orbital layer contraction during eye movements has been suggested. Other studies have instead demonstrated fibrous tissue connections between all parts of the muscle and the pulleys. We aimed to compare the isometric force developed at the muscle tendon and at the pulleys of the horizontal eye muscles, and to investigate which eye muscle structures might exert force on the pulleys.
Automated Detection of Likely Design Flaws in Layered Architectures

Layered architecture prescribes a good principle for separating concerns to make systems more maintainable. One example of such layered architectures is the separation of classes into three groups: Boundary, Control, and Entity, which are referred to as the three analysis class stereotypes in UML. Classes of different stereotypes are interacting with one another, when properly designed, the overall interaction would be maintainable, flexible, and robust. On the other hand, poor design would result in less maintainable system that is prone to errors. In many software projects, the stereotypes of classes are often missing, thus detection of design flaws becomes non-trivial. In this paper, we provide a framework that automatically labels classes as Boundary, Control, or Entity, and detects design flaws of the rules associated with each stereotype. Our evaluation with programs developed by both novice and expert developers show that our technique is able to detect many design flaws accurately.
Engineering wavelength conversion span in cascaded broadband Cherenkov radiation

Summary form only given. Optical Cherenkov radiation (OCR) is referred to as dispersive wave (DW) generation or non-solitonic radiation originating from soliton propagation perturbed by high order dispersion (HOD). The OCR becomes of particular importance for octave-spanning spectral broadening and blue-shifted supercontinuum generation (SCG) [1]. When the OCR generation lies in the anomalous GVD region and tends to be a soliton state, the phase-matching (PM) condition between linear DWs and the soliton could become a soliton PM condition: β<;sub>s<;/sub>(ω<;sub>s<;/sub>) = β<;sub>s<;/sub>(ω<;sub>r<;/sub>), provided that v<;sub>g<;/sub>(ω<;sub>s<;/sub>) = v<;sub>g<;/sub>(ω<;sub>r<;/sub>). β<;sub>s<;/sub>(ω<;sub>k<;/sub>) ≡ β(ω<;sub>k<;/sub>) + (ω-ω<;sub>k<;/sub>)/v<;sub>g<;/sub>(ω<;sub>k<;/sub>) + q<;sub>k<;/sub> reflects the nondispersive nature of the soliton at the center frequency ω<;sub>k<;/sub> and v<;sub>g<;/sub>(ω<;sub>k<;/sub>) is the group velocity. k = r, s represents the radiation or soliton wave. A sharp spectral switching of the soliton due to the soliton spectral tunneling (SST) effect in the photonic crystal fibers (PCFs) can occur across a normal group velocity dispersion (GVD) region, which is sandwiched in the anomalous GVD regions [2]. This approach shows a new efficient wavelength conversion scheme, and we explore the cascaded OCR to enlarge the span of the wavelength conversion.We show the flexible dispersion profiles with three controlled ZDWs, λ1 <; λ2 <; λ3, as shown in Fig. 1(a), by tuning the pitch Δ and the relative hole size D = d/Δ in PCFs. λ2 and λ3 shift to longer wavelengths as the increase of D. Three anomalous GVD regions separated normal GVD are formed. Fig. 1(b) shows the predicted PM wavelength versus soliton wavelength when the input pulse has a full width at half-maximum (FWHM) of 50 fs and the soliton number N = 1. The soliton PM condition is satisfied at a so-called critical point (CP), where two radiation bands are degenerate. Two different CPs are chosen to make soliton spectral tunneling in two-segment PCFs.
Causers in English, Korean, and Chinese and the individuation of events

Abstract The kinds of entities that can be described as causing an event depend, in part, on the language one speaks. Whereas in English and Chinese it is possible to say The knife cut the bread or The key opened the door, in Korean and many other languages, such sentences sound very odd. According to the initiator hypothesis, languages fall into two major groups with respect to possible external arguments in causal expressions: those that require that the causer be capable of generating its own energy and those that require only that the causer participate in the causal chain leading up to a particular result. In support of this hypothesis, we show that ability to self-energize has a larger impact on acceptability ratings in Korean than in either English or Chinese (Exp. 1). We also show that restrictions on possible causers extend to the semantics of possible causes in the descriptions of animations depicting causal chains (Exp. 2). Finally, we show that cross-linguistic differences in the linguistic coding of causers may have consequences for the way people conceptualize animations of causal chains in terms of number of events (Exp. 3). Implications for the representation of verb meaning and the semantics of external arguments in other languages are discussed.
Hibernation Effects on Memory in European Ground Squirrels (Spermophilus citellus)

Effects of hibernation on memory were tested in European ground squirrels (Spermophilus citellus). The animals were trained in summer to successfully accomplish two tasks: a spatial memory task in a maze and an operant task on a feeding machine. One group hibernated normally, and the other was prevented from hibernation by maintaining ambient temperature at 22 °C. In spring, the same tasks were repeated for both groups and their individual performances compared to the initial training phase. The experimental groups differed significantly in both tasks. The nonhibernating animals had higher levels of retention and needed significantly fewer trials to relearn the tasks than the group that had hibernated. In addition to testing the retention of conditioned tasks, social memory was also studied. The ground squirrels were given a social recognition test in spring with one familiar and one unfamiliar conspecific. In contrast to the conditioned tasks, social memory did not seem to be affected by hibernation. The results indicate negative effects of hibernation on the retention of conditioned tasks, which could produce important constraints on animals. A potential explanation for this memory loss might be changes in neuronal activity, which occur during hibernation.
The methyl‐accepting transducer protein HtrI is functionally associated with the photoreceptor sensory rhodopsin I in the archaeon Halobacterium salinarium.

We have investigated the functional relationship between two proteins involved in the photosensory system of the archaeon Halobacterium salinarium: the photoreceptor sensory rhodopsin I (SRI) and the halobacterial transducer rhodopsin I (HtrI), which has been proposed to be the putative signal transducer of SRI, by genomic DNA analysis of two independent SRI negative mutants, Pho81 and D1. Southern and PCR analyses revealed that both strains bear alterations in the 5′ flanking region of the gene encoding SRI, sopI. DNA sequence analysis confirmed the occurrence in this region of htrI, the gene encoding the putative transducer protein. PCR and Northern analyses have shown further that sopI and htrI are expressed as a single transcriptional unit, thus explaining the lack of SRI in mutants with a defective htrI. Expression of the cloned sopI under the control of a heterologous promoter did not restore the SRI‐dependent photoresponse in the strain Pho81. Moreover, the photocycling rate of the expressed pigment was clearly lower than in wild type. HtrI is therefore essential for SRI function and most likely modulates the photochemical properties of the photoreceptor via direct physical interaction. Finally, reintroduction of both sopI and htrI into Pho81 and D1 restored the SRI photochemistry and its physiological function. Our results provide the first experimental evidence for the functional coupling between SRI and HtrI and corroborate the proposed model in which HtrI acts as the signal transducer of this archaeal seven‐helix photoreceptor in a way analogous to the bacterial chemotaxis transducers.
Design and development of research platform for perception-action integration in humanoid robot: H6

A humanoid robot "H6" is developed as a platform for the research on perception-action coupling in intelligent behaviour of humanoid type robots. The H6 has the features as follows: 1) a body which has enough DOFs and each joint has enough torque for full body motion, 2) a PC/AT compatible on-board computer which is controlled by RT-linux so that low-level to high-level control is achieved simultaneously, 3) is self-contained and connected to a network via radio ethernet, 4) a 3D vision function can be applied. The H6 is expected to be a common test-bed for experiment and discussion for various aspects of intelligent humanoid robotics.