Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Cell Cycle Regulation and Cytoskeletal Remodelling Are Critical Processes in the Nutritional Programming of Embryonic Development

Many mechanisms purport to explain how nutritional signals during early development are manifested as disease in the adult offspring. While these describe processes leading from nutritional insult to development of the actual pathology, the initial underlying cause of the programming effect remains elusive. To establish the primary drivers of programming, this study aimed to capture embryonic gene and protein changes in the whole embryo at the time of nutritional insult rather than downstream phenotypic effects. By using a cross-over design of two well established models of maternal protein and iron restriction we aimed to identify putative common “gatekeepers” which may drive nutritional programming. Both protein and iron deficiency in utero reduced the nephron complement in adult male Wistar and Rowett Hooded Lister rats (P<0.05). This occurred in the absence of damage to the glomerular ultrastructure. Microarray, proteomic and pathway analyses identified diet-specific and strain-specific gatekeeper genes, proteins and processes which shared a common association with the regulation of the cell cycle, especially the G1/S and G2/M checkpoints, and cytoskeletal remodelling. A cell cycle-specific PCR array confirmed the down-regulation of cyclins with protein restriction and the up-regulation of apoptotic genes with iron deficiency. The timing and experimental design of this study have been carefully controlled to isolate the common molecular mechanisms which may initiate the sequelae of events involved in nutritional programming of embryonic development. We propose that despite differences in the individual genes and proteins affected in each strain and with each diet, the general response to nutrient deficiency in utero is perturbation of the cell cycle, at the level of interaction with the cytoskeleton and the mitotic checkpoints, thereby diminishing control over the integrity of DNA which is allowed to replicate. These findings offer novel insight into the primary causes and mechanisms leading to the pathologies which have been identified by previous programming studies.
Traffic Characteristics Research in Wireless Multimedia Sensor Networks 1

With the detection of the complex and changeable environment, wireless multimedia sensor network is therefore arise, as a new information processing and access to technology, wireless multimedia sensor networks compared to traditional sensor network its more attention with video, images, and other large amount of information and high density of data collection and processing, also therefore in the commercial, civil nuclear military field has broad prospects. We pass on the measurement of network traffic in recent years, found that the communication model to subvert the traditional Poisson theory. The self-similarity phenomenon of data traffic in modern networks has been fairly well studied in the literature. However, the statistical characteristics of the wireless multimedia sensor network traffic we have a lot of phenomenon worthy of study. In order to help these technical staff related with some useful references, we have mainly analyzed the traffic characteristics in the multimedia wireless sensor networks in this paper. Copyright © 2013 IFSA
Nonrigid Point Set Matching of White Matter Tracts for Diffusion Tensor Image Analysis

Patient studies based on diffusion tensor images (DTI) require spatial correspondence between subjects. We propose to obtain the correspondence from white matter tracts, by introducing a new method for nonrigid matching of white matter fiber tracts in DTI. The method boils down to point set registration that involves simultaneously clustering and matching of the data points. The tracts are implicitly warped to a common frame of reference to avoid the potential bias toward one of the datasets. The algorithm gradually refines from global to local registration, which is implemented through deterministic annealing. Special care was taken to incorporate the spatial relation between fiber points and the uncertainty in principal diffusion orientation. As a result, the computed clusters are oriented along the fiber tracts and discriminate between adjacent but distinct fiber tracts. This is validated on synthetic and clinical data. The root-mean-squared distance with respect to expert-annotated landmarks is low (3 mm). In contrast to a state-of-the-art nonrigid registration technique, the proposed method is more robust to residual misalignments in terms of measured fractional anisotropy values.
Determining 3D Flow Fields via Multi-camera Light Field Imaging

In the field of fluid mechanics, the resolution of computational schemes has outpaced experimental methods and widened the gap between predicted and observed phenomena in fluid flows. Thus, a need exists for an accessible method capable of resolving three-dimensional (3D) data sets for a range of problems. We present a novel technique for performing quantitative 3D imaging of many types of flow fields. The 3D technique enables investigation of complicated velocity fields and bubbly flows. Measurements of these types present a variety of challenges to the instrument. For instance, optically dense bubbly multiphase flows cannot be readily imaged by traditional, non-invasive flow measurement techniques due to the bubbles occluding optical access to the interior regions of the volume of interest. By using Light Field Imaging we are able to reparameterize images captured by an array of cameras to reconstruct a 3D volumetric map for every time instance, despite partial occlusions in the volume. The technique makes use of an algorithm known as synthetic aperture (SA) refocusing, whereby a 3D focal stack is generated by combining images from several cameras post-capture 1. Light Field Imaging allows for the capture of angular as well as spatial information about the light rays, and hence enables 3D scene reconstruction. Quantitative information can then be extracted from the 3D reconstructions using a variety of processing algorithms. In particular, we have developed measurement methods based on Light Field Imaging for performing 3D particle image velocimetry (PIV), extracting bubbles in a 3D field and tracking the boundary of a flickering flame. We present the fundamentals of the Light Field Imaging methodology in the context of our setup for performing 3DPIV of the airflow passing over a set of synthetic vocal folds, and show representative results from application of the technique to a bubble-entraining plunging jet.
The Drosophila Arf1 homologue Arf79F is essential for lamellipodium formation

Summary The WAVE regulatory complex (WRC) drives the polymerisation of actin filaments located beneath the plasma membrane to generate lamellipodia that are pivotal to cell architecture and movement. By reconstituting WRC-dependent actin assembly at the membrane, we recently discovered that several classes of Arf family GTPases directly recruit and activate WRC in cell extracts, and that Arf cooperates with Rac1 to trigger actin polymerisation. Here, we demonstrate that the Class 1 Arf1 homologue Arf79F colocalises with the WRC at dynamic lamellipodia. We report that Arf79F is required for lamellipodium formation in Drosophila S2R+ cells, which only express one Arf isoform for each class. Impeding Arf function either by dominant-negative Arf expression or by Arf double-stranded RNA interference (dsRNAi)-mediated knockdown uncovered that Arf-dependent lamellipodium formation was specific to Arf79F, establishing that Class 1 Arfs, but not Class 2 or Class 3 Arfs, are crucial for lamellipodia. Lamellipodium formation in Arf79F-silenced cells was restored by expressing mammalian Arf1, but not by constitutively active Rac1, showing that Arf79F does not act via Rac1. Abolition of lamellipodium formation in Arf79F-silenced cells was not due to Golgi disruption. Blocking Arf79F activation with guanine nucleotide exchange factor inhibitors impaired WRC localisation to the plasma membrane and concomitant generation of lamellipodia. Our data indicate that the Class I Arf GTPase is a central component in WRC-driven lamellipodium formation.
Responsiveness-to-Intervention and School-Wide Positive Behavior Supports: Integration of Multi-Tiered System Approaches

The Individuals with Disabilities Education Act and No Child Left Behind emphasize the use of scientifically based research to improve outcomes for students. From this emphasis, response-to-intervention has evolved. We present one perspective on the defining features of response-to-intervention and application of those features to school-wide positive behavior supports (SWPBS). We suggest that the initial purpose of response-to-intervention has expanded from a focus on screening and improved outcomes for students with learning disabilities to a general approach for improving instructional and intervention decision making for all students. We describe a similar evolution of SWPBS, only with a focus on the (a) social culture within the whole school and (b) behavior supports for those students with problem behavior. We conclude by suggesting that the response-to-intervention approach offers an excellent umbrella of guiding principles for improved assessment and intervention decision making, and that SWPBS is an example of the application of these principles to the challenge of establishing formal systems of behavior support for all students' school- and classroom-wide. To guide SWPBS implementation, we offer a self-assessment protocol for school and leadership implementation teams to improve the development of an integrated continuum of behavioral interventions and practices that is effective, efficient, relevant, and durable. • “I want my children to receive the Response-to-Intervention program. ” • “We've got a Response-to-Intervention team that meets on the 2nd Tuesday of each month, and a School-wide Positive Behavior Support committee that meets on 3rd Wednesday of each month. ” • “Response-to-Intervention is about closing the achievement gap. School-wide Positive Behavior Support is about improving school discipline and classroom management. ” • “We are required to use Response-to-Intervention to identify students with learning disabilities. ”
High 18F-FDG Uptake in Synthetic Aortic Vascular Grafts on PET/CT in Symptomatic and Asymptomatic Patients

Graft infection is a serious complication to vascular surgery. The aim of this study was to assess 18F-FDG uptake in vascular grafts in patients with or without symptoms of graft infection. Methods: In all 2,045 patients examined by PET/CT at our clinic, 16 patients with synthetic aortic grafts were identified and reevaluated for 18F-FDG accumulation. Clinical and biochemical data were obtained from patient records. Results: High 18F-FDG uptake was found in 10 of 12 grafts in the patients who underwent open surgery and in 1 of 4 grafts in patients who underwent endovascular aneurysm repair. On the basis of biochemical and clinical data, it was concluded that 1 of the 16 patients had a graft infection at the time of investigation. Conclusion: 18F-FDG uptake in vascular grafts was found in the vast majority of patients without graft infection. The risk of a false-positive diagnosis of graft infection by 18F-FDG PET/CT is evident.
Healing or Hurtful: Sexual Assault Survivors' Interpretations of Social Reactions from Support Providers

Sexual assault survivors often receive both positive and negative reactions to the disclosure of their assault. Although positive reactions are typically more common from informal support providers and negative reactions are typically more common from formal support providers, not all formal and informal support providers react the same way. To help clarify the nature of social reactions received from specific support providers, 103 female sexual assault survivors participated in interviews about their disclosure experiences. These interviews resulted in detailed descriptions of 250 disclosure interactions. Results indicated that counselors and friends engaged in the most emotional support, fairly high levels of tangible aid, and fairly low levels of most types of negative reactions. Romantic partners provided only moderate support, the lowest amount oftangible aid, and the highest amount of blame, control, and egocentric behaviors. Romantic partners also treated survivors differently more often than other support providers. Qualitative analysis of survivors' descriptions of these reactions are used to help interpret survivors' ratings of reactions as healing or hurtful.
Even in the Midst of Work: Reading among Turn-of-the-Century Farmers' Wives.

K t the turn of the century, when half the American ation still lived on farms, The Cornell ReadingCourse for Farmers' Wives was initiated as an aspect of the university's extension activities in New York State. The bulletins comprising the course provided information to farm women on such practical matters as improving home sanitation and working efficiently to save physical strength. Importantly, they went on to make recommendations on esthetic and intellectual matters, particularly reading. Two bulletins were entirely devoted to proposing literate practices for the home and community, offering an ideal vision of literacy for rural women of the time. Furthermore, the reactions of the women to these recommendations were printed in the bulletins, expressing the significance that they themselves placed on literacy in their lives. As one woman wrote, "It rests one so to sit down, even in the midst of work, and read five or ten minutes" (FW, p. 154). 1 The reading course is noteworthy for the history of literacy in several respects. It calls attention to the lives and thoughts of women who lived on farms as the nation was becoming increasingly urbanized and industrialized. It exemplifies a particular instructional genre, a set of explicit recommendations as to how, when, and what to read, pronounced by a cultural authority as an attainable good. The course thus presents an elaborated perspective on the value of reading and the ways that its benefits could be enacted in rural settings. This perspective is in turn embedded in a national policy to keep agriculture viable and make farming a more rational and satisfying way of life. The course also illustrates an early instance of public effort in America to promote literacy among adults, in this case reading viewed as an enlightening as well as an instrumental practice in the everyday life of farm women. Further, the women's responses to this message provide unusual evidence as to how the recommendations of a cultural authority were received, expressing the women's willingness-and reluctanceto adopt the values and practices that the bulletins advocated.
Architectural views through collapsing strategies

Architectural views help to better understand and analyze software from particular stakeholder perspectives. Views are abstractions that are generated in an architecture reconstruction effort with collapsing strategies. Collapsing is the mechanism to aggregate detailed source information into architectural elements that constitute the architectural views. The elements are presented in a particular viewtype and style. Traditional software architecture reconstruction tools assume that source elements are collapsed into mostly one container. However, the satellite tracking system case study, outlined in this paper, required the introduction of multicollapses. Multicollapses allow the aggregation of one element into multiple containers. Multicollapses are either the result of applying incorrect collapsing strategies or an excellent starting point for software analysis to gain better understanding of existing software. We describe implementation and visualization aspects of multicollapses within an architecture reconstruction environment.
Societal Culture and School Leadership Charting the Way Ahead

Abstract This paper discusses four issues emerging from the papers that make up the special edition. These are considered key issues as researchers further investigate the influence of societal culture on educational administration and leadership. The four selected issues target the definition of societal culture; possible relationships between organizational culture, personality and societal culture; the interface between school leadership, educational policy and societal culture; and some of the limitations of Hofstede's framework for guiding the study of cultural influence in educational administration. Each of the issues revolves around the concept of societal culture and its application as an explanatory and analytic device in the field of educational administration and leadership.
Supervised Ranking for Plagiarism Source Retrieval

Source retrieval involves making use of a search engine to retrieve candidate sources of plagiarism for a given suspicious document so that more accurate comparisons can be made. We describe a strategy for source retrieval that uses a supervised method to classify and rank search engine results as potential sources of plagiarism without retrieving the documents themselves. Evaluation shows the performance of our approach, which achieved the highest precision (0.57) and F 1 score (0.47) in the 2014 PAN Source Retrieval task.
Introduction to Special Issue of Social Politics : "Gender, Class, and Capitalism"

Restructuring” has emerged as one of the key concepts of contemporary social science as scholars attempt to make sense of profound transformations in political economies welfare states families and communities. Many of these shifts are associated with changing gender relations which figure as both cause and consequence. Women workers have emerged as key actors in this changing and ever more global political economy: Productivity gains sustainable pension systems and the quality and size of the future labor forces depend on women’s decisions about employment childbearing and childrearing—to say nothing of their potential as an electoral bloc. Much recent attention focuses in particular on “work– family reconciliation. ” Most governments in the developed world are committed to enhancing or sustaining women’s employment and feminist analysts have focused on gender regimes that differ in the public support given to women’s employment as key to understanding variations in gender equality. This focus in the feminist literature has resulted in a tendency to ascribe differences in gender equality to differences in social policy frameworks which is to say politics. But it has become clear that there is no straightforward link between women’s employment the social policies that support it and gender equality. (excerpt)
Reader Control in Reading: Effects of Language Competence, Text Type, and Task

Reader control was examined with native and nonnative readers of Japanese who thought aloud during reading and later recalled. Two types of text (stories and essays) and 2 types of tasks (read freely and read for coherence) were used. It was found that (a) native readers generated more backward inferences and general knowledge associations for essays and more forward inferences for stories; (b) when reading an essay for coherence, native readers generated more backward inferences, more comments on text structure, and fewer general knowledge associations in contrast to when reading it freely; (c) nonnative readers generated more elaborative inferences and more comments on text structure for essays; and (d) nonnative readers did not process an essay differently between when reading it freely and when reading it for coherence, although in the read-for-coherence condition, their recall was as good as that of native readers. These results suggest that native readers engage in different modes of processing according to text type and task, whereas nonnative readers' processing is strategic but inefficient, especially with more demanding text.
Cooperative Interaction between GATA-4 and GATA-6 Regulates Myocardial Gene Expression

ABSTRACT Two members of the GATA family of transcription factors, GATA-4 and GATA-6, are expressed in the developing and postnatal myocardium and are equally potent transactivators of several cardiac promoters. However, several in vitro and in vivo lines of evidence suggest distinct roles for the two factors in the heart. Since identification of the endogenous downstream targets of GATA factors would greatly help to elucidate their exact functions, we have developed an adenovirus-mediated antisense strategy to specifically inhibit GATA-4 and GATA-6 protein production in postnatal cardiomyocytes. Expression of several endogenous cardiac genes was significantly down-regulated in cells lacking GATA-4 or GATA-6, indicating that these factors are required for the maintenance of the cardiac genetic program. Interestingly, transcription of some genes like the α- and β-myosin heavy-chain (α- and β-MHC) genes was preferentially regulated by GATA-4 due, in part, to higher affinity of GATA-4 for their promoter GATA element. However, transcription of several other genes, including the atrial natriuretic factor and B-type natriuretic peptide (ANF and BNP) genes, was similarly down-regulated in cardiomyocytes lacking one or both GATA factors, suggesting that GATA-4 and GATA-6 could act through the same transcriptional pathway. Consistent with this, GATA-4 and GATA-6 were found to colocalize in postnatal cardiomyocytes and to interact functionally and physically to provide cooperative activation of the ANF and BNP promoters. The results identify for the first time bona fide in vivo targets for GATA-4 and GATA-6 in the myocardium. The data also show that GATA factors act in concert to regulate distinct subsets of genes, suggesting that combinatorial interactions among GATA factors may differentially control various cellular processes.