Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Cannabinoid Transmission in the Prelimbic Cortex Bidirectionally Controls Opiate Reward and Aversion Signaling through Dissociable Kappa Versus μ-Opiate Receptor Dependent Mechanisms

Cannabinoid, dopamine (DA), and opiate receptor pathways play integrative roles in emotional learning, associative memory, and sensory perception. Modulation of cannabinoid CB1 receptor transmission within the medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC) regulates the emotional valence of both rewarding and aversive experiences. Furthermore, CB1 receptor substrates functionally interact with opiate-related motivational processing circuits, particularly in the context of reward-related learning and memory. Considerable evidence demonstrates functional interactions between CB1 and DA signaling pathways during the processing of motivationally salient information. However, the role of mPFC CB1 receptor transmission in the modulation of behavioral opiate-reward processing is not currently known. Using an unbiased conditioned place preference paradigm with rats, we examined the role of intra-mPFC CB1 transmission during opiate reward learning. We report that activation or inhibition of CB1 transmission within the prelimbic cortical (PLC) division of the mPFC bidirectionally regulates the motivational valence of opiates; whereas CB1 activation switched morphine reward signaling into an aversive stimulus, blockade of CB1 transmission potentiated the rewarding properties of normally sub-reward threshold conditioning doses of morphine. Both of these effects were dependent upon DA transmission as systemic blockade of DAergic transmission prevented CB1-dependent modulation of morphine reward and aversion behaviors. We further report that CB1-mediated intra-PLC opiate motivational signaling is mediated through a μ-opiate receptor-dependent reward pathway, or a κ-opiate receptor-dependent aversion pathway, directly within the ventral tegmental area. Our results provide evidence for a novel CB1-mediated motivational valence switching mechanism within the PLC, controlling dissociable subcortical reward and aversion pathways.
Predictors of quality of life of patients with type 2 diabetes

Background Researchers have shown that patients with type 2 diabetes have a lower quality of life than the general population and also somewhat lower than patients with other chronic diseases. Thus one of the most important outcomes of treatment is optimizing the quality of life of the patient. This study examines the factors that most strongly influence the quality of life of patients with type 2 diabetes. Methods 200 patients with type 2 diabetes were studied in Estonia in 2004–2005. A patient blood sample, taken during a visit to the family doctor, was collected. The family doctor also provided data on each patient’s body mass index (BMI), blood pressure, and medications for treatment of type 2 diabetes. Patients completed a SF-36 during a doctor visit, and also a special questionnaire which we provided to study their awareness about diabetes type 2. Results The mean age of the respondents was 64.7 (±11.1) years and the mean duration of the diabetes was 7.5 (±1.8) years. Logistic regression analysis showed that quality of life was most significantly affected by awareness of the complications and risk-factors of diabetes, and by the age, duration of the disease, and BMI of the patient. Patients who were less aware had a significantly higher quality of life score (p < 0.001 in all cases). The age and BMI of the patients as well as the duration of the diabetes all lowered the score of the quality of life. Conclusions The results suggest that the main challenges for physicians in management of diabetes type 2 are modifying patient BMI and patient awareness.
Exploring the Use of Cognitive Psychology Theory in Designing Effective GUI

The human-computer interaction (HCI) field is rapidly expanding. The main focus on HCI study is in the region of intersection between psychology and the social sciences, on the one hand, and computer science and technology, on the other. In this paper, we will discuss the usage of cognitive psychology research in designing an effective graphical user interface (GUI). The study focuses on three main aspects of cognitive psychology which are the human memory limitation, perception, and attention. Based on these aspects, some related and well defined principles had been explored. Experiments had been carried out in order to find out whether the current GUI design follows those well defined principles in fulfilling the requirements of the aspects. Survey had also been conducted to find out the user preferences in GUI. Preliminary evaluation suggests that the cognitive psychology theories presented in this study were considers as an important aspect when designing an effective GUI.
Asynchronous Event-Based Binocular Stereo Matching

We present a novel event-based stereo matching algorithm that exploits the asynchronous visual events from a pair of silicon retinas. Unlike conventional frame-based cameras, recent artificial retinas transmit their outputs as a continuous stream of asynchronous temporal events, in a manner similar to the output cells of the biological retina. Our algorithm uses the timing information carried by this representation in addressing the stereo-matching problem on moving objects. Using the high temporal resolution of the acquired data stream for the dynamic vision sensor, we show that matching on the timing of the visual events provides a new solution to the real-time computation of 3-D objects when combined with geometric constraints using the distance to the epipolar lines. The proposed algorithm is able to filter out incorrect matches and to accurately reconstruct the depth of moving objects despite the low spatial resolution of the sensor. This brief sets up the principles for further event-based vision processing and demonstrates the importance of dynamic information and spike timing in processing asynchronous streams of visual events.
Will the Treatment Protocols for Schizophrenia be Changing Soon?

In recent decades the understanding of the core physiology giving rise to schizophrenia has advanced markedly. Current pharmacological interventions fail to target the core problems in schizophrenia. Several important outcome studies call into question whether current medications actually make long-term outcomes worse. These new studies follow the recognized negative side effect of anti-psychotic drugs. The implication of these findings for social workers who work with the seriously mentally ill are discussed. Alternatives to current pharmacological treatments that are more targeted toward the core physiology of schizophrenia are reviewed.
Active mental entities: a new approach to building intelligent autonomous agents

In order to design and realize intelligent autonomous agents, a very active research trend has concentrated its attention on the study of models of mental activity, encompassing the explicit representation of mental attitudes such as beliefs, desires and intentions. In such studies mental attitudes are normally represented as data structures on which a so-called interpreter operates determining the overall agent behavior. In this article we propose an original point of view about mental activity modeling, founded on two basic claims: i) mental attitudes should be regarded as autonomous active entities; ii) an intelligent agent should be conceived as distributed structure, where global behavior is produced by interactions among active mental entities.
Melt Segregation and Strain Partitioning: Implications for Seismic Anisotropy and Mantle Flow

One of the principal means of understanding upper mantle dynamics involves inferring mantle flow directions from seismic anisotropy under the assumption that the seismic fast direction (olivine a axis) parallels the regional flow direction. We demonstrate that (i) the presence of melt weakens the alignment of a axes and (ii) when melt segregates and forms networks of weak shear zones, strain partitions between weak and strong zones, resulting in an alignment of a axes 90° from the shear direction in three-dimensional deformation. This orientation of a axes provides a new means of interpreting mantle flow from seismic anisotropy in partially molten deforming regions of Earth.
Parental knowledge construction in middle childhood: A thematic analysis of parents' narratives

PARENTAL KNOWLEDGE CONSTRUCTION IN MIDDLE CHILDHOOD: A THEMATIC ANALYSIS OF PARENTS’ NARRATIVES Izabella Wojciechowska Advisor: University of Guelph, 2013 Dr. L. Kuczynski Over a span of several decades, researchers have documented an association between parental knowledge of children’s out-of-sight experiences and child adjustment outcomes. However, the processes leading to parental knowledge construction are poorly understood at present. This study sought to explore parents’ perspectives on how knowledge construction occurs. Eighteen mothers and fathers of children aged 8-13 years participated in semi-structured interviews and their responses were analyzed using thematic analysis. In my analysis, I conceptualized parental knowledge as a dynamic mental representation of children’s out-of-sight experiences. I presented four themes that captured the ways parents described constructing knowledge about their children’s whereabouts and out-of-sight activities: (a) parent-child knowledge co-construction, (b) knowledge construction through observation, (c) knowledge co-construction with others, and (d) projection of reality. The analysis presented provides a novel perspective on parental knowledge construction that I argue has been historically conceptualized by researchers as a linear process of information accumulation.
Perception of Animated Node‐Link Diagrams for Dynamic Graphs

Effective visualization of dynamic graphs remains an open research topic, and many state‐of‐the‐art tools use animated node‐link diagrams for this purpose. Despite its intuitiveness, the effectiveness of animation in node‐link diagrams has been questioned, and several empirical studies have shown that animation is not necessarily superior to static visualizations. However, the exact mechanics of perceiving animated node‐link diagrams are still unclear. In this paper, we study the impact of different dynamic graph metrics on user perception of the animation. After deriving candidate visual graph metrics, we perform an exploratory user study where participants are asked to reconstruct the event sequence in animated node‐link diagrams. Based on these findings, we conduct a second user study where we investigate the most important visual metrics in depth. Our findings show that node speed and target separation are prominent visual metrics to predict the performance of event sequencing tasks.
Skeletal Muscle Homeostasis in Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy: Modulating Autophagy as a Promising Therapeutic Strategy

Muscular dystrophies are a group of genetic and heterogeneous neuromuscular disorders characterized by the primary wasting of skeletal muscle. In Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD), the most severe form of these diseases, the mutations in the dystrophin gene lead to muscle weakness and wasting, exhaustion of muscular regenerative capacity, and chronic local inflammation leading to substitution of myofibers by connective and adipose tissue. DMD patients suffer from continuous and progressive skeletal muscle damage followed by complete paralysis and death, usually by respiratory and/or cardiac failure. No cure is yet available, but several therapeutic approaches aiming at reversing the ongoing degeneration have been investigated in preclinical and clinical settings. Autophagy is an important proteolytic system of the cell and has a crucial role in the removal of proteins, aggregates, and organelles. Autophagy is constantly active in skeletal muscle and its role in tissue homeostasis is complex: at high levels, it can be detrimental and contribute to muscle wasting; at low levels, it can cause weakness and muscle degeneration, due to the unchecked accumulation of damaged proteins and organelles. The causal relationship between DMD pathogenesis and dysfunctional autophagy has been recently investigated. At molecular level, the Akt axis is one of the key dysregulated pathways, although the molecular events are not completely understood. The aim of this review is to describe and discuss the clinical relevance of the recent advances dissecting autophagy and its signaling pathway in DMD. The picture might pave the way for the development of interventions that are able to boost muscle growth and/or prevent muscle wasting.
ADVANSE : Analyse du sentiment, de l’opinion et de l’émotion sur des Tweets Français

ANSE : Sentiment, Opinion and Emotion Analysis in French Tweets This paper describes the methods we submitted to the DEFT 2015 Challenge (Text Mining Challenge). This eleventh edition concerned the analysis of opinions, sentiments and emotions expressed in French tweets. Three tasks have been proposed, we participated to task 1 which concerned the classification of tweets according to their polarities, to task 2.1 concerning the identification of the generic class of information expressed in the tweet, and finally to task 2.2 that concerned the identification of the specific class of opinion, sentiment or emotion. We proposed supervised methods based on support vector machines (SVM) using several types of attributes such as word n-grams, character n-grams, most common syntactic patterns, etc. Moreover, we constructed and used two French lexicons of sentiments and emotions. Mots-cles : Analyse de sentiments, analyse d'opinions, analyse d'emotions, analyse de subjectivite, fouille de textes.
S‐Storage Operators

In 1990, J. L. Krivine introduced the notion of storage operator to simulate, for Church integers, the “call by value” in a context of a “call by name” strategy. In the present paper we define for every λ‐term S which realizes the successor function on Church integers the notion of S‐storage operator. We prove that every storage operator is an S‐storage operator. But the converse is not always true.
Quantity with Quality? Teaching Quantitative and Qualitative Methods in an LIS Master's Program

To prepare future information professionals for the rapidly changing environment in which they will work, library and information science (LIS) educators have an obligation to ensure that their graduates understand, conceptually and pragmatically, the major methodological paradigms of research. Most LIS programs offer only a single course in research methods. Within that constraint, an important question is whether or not both qualitative and quantitative methods can be taught adequately. This article suggests that, by integrating the teaching of both quantitative and qualitative methods through between methods triangulation, an adequate learning experience can be achieved. Such an approach allows students to explore research problems from multiple perspectives and to evaluate critically the strengths and weaknesses of each methodology. The article discusses the need for such an integrated approach and suggests a scenario for applying it within the realm of a single semester course.
To measure or to control: optimal control with scheduled measurements and controls

We consider a linear discrete-time optimal control problem where the controller has to choose between measurement and control. The controller is restricted in such a way that at a given time instance, it may either send a control packet to the actuator, or it can request a measurement packet from the sensor. We show that under a quadratic cost structure that does not penalize the control directly, the optimal control is a linear threshold policy, where the controller decides to measure or control by comparing its last measurement of the plant state against a pre-determined threshold
Scalable video coding based on frequency spectrum in AVS

This paper presents a new algorithm of scalable video coding base on frequency spectrum. Data partition in MPEG-2 is an early scalable video coding base on spectrum, but it is rough in scalable granularity and low in practicability, while the algorithm proposed in this paper can achieve finer granularity of scalability (9 levels). The algorithm base on frequency spectrum has flexible scalability, low complexity and high efficiency, but it brings a problem of error accumulation through prediction. Because if it only transmits part of DCT coefficients, it makes reference frames of encoder differ from reference frames of decoder which results in error accumulation. This problem is solved by setting references frames in transform region in this paper. AVS-P2 is a new generation of video coding standard with independent intellectual property in China, and it has become a national standard. In this paper, the algorithm of scalable video coding is combined with AVS-P2 and is realized under the framework of AVS-P2. Finally, the algorithm was realized based on the software codec model version rm52j of AVS-P2 and testified the scalable video coding model through several tests.
Kernel Completion for Learning Consensus Support Vector Machines in Bandwidth-limited Sensor Networks

Recent developments in sensor technology allows for capturing dynamic patterns in vehicle movements, temperature changes, and sea-level fluctuations, just to name a few. For decision making on sensor networks, such as detecting exceptional surface level changes across the Pacific ocean, a usual way is to collect measurements from all sensors and then to build a predictor in a distant location. However, data collection becomes challenging when long-distance communication is required. Also, it can delay decision making on future events. In this paper, we propose an alternative for such scenarios, aiming to build a consensus support vector machine (SVM) in each sensor station by exchanging a small amount of sampled information from local kernel matrices stored in sensor stations. Our method is based on decomposing a ``global'' kernel defined on all features into kernels defined only on attributes stored in individual sensor stations, sampling few entries of the decomposed kernel matrices that belong to remote sensors, and filling in unobserved entries by matrix completion. Experiments on benchmark data sets illustrate that a consensus SVM can be built with limited communication, which performs as good as using a global kernel.
Konstruksi profesionalisme aparat: Dukungan pimpinan dan perbaikan kesejahteraan

Capacity-building employees has become a global policy instrument in the New Public Management perspective to create the organization's effectiveness and efficiency in the bureaucracy. The release of the State Civil Administrative Law has strengthened efforts to establish the capacity of the officials who are competent and professional. This research uses purposive sampling technique. Respondent were choosen from Food Security Office and Archive and Library Office in 4 areas, namely Bojonegoro, Kapas, Balen, and Dander. In line with the results of the study, it appears that the construction capabilities of the apparatus has a high chance to realize the vision and mission of the new district. In addition, capacitybuilding apparatus in an area determined by the area of leadership role models, the regent than on education leadership. Professionalism apparatus constructed as a positive energy that is not only related to the knowledge and expertise as well as the achievement of an individual's performance, but is highly dependent on the creation of a conducive environment for professionalism itself, such as the feasibility of welfare officials, the clarity of sanctions and rewards as well as encouragement and ethos work.
Safe Virtual Interrupts Leveraging Distributed Shared Resources and Core-to-Core Communication on Many-Core Platforms

Modern many-core platforms offer sufficient redundant resources for increasing availability and fault-tolerance of multiple applications, also of different criticality (mixed-criticality). A suitable platform must allow remapping applications and replacing peripherals dynamically. Mapping to distributed resources but also communication among resources ideally is transparent and flexible to allow changes at run time. Communication additionally has to be predictable, especially for safety-critical applications, and can be efficiently implemented by the use of interrupt requests. This paper presents a scalable interrupt translation mechanism supporting flexible and transparent communication among resources. Our contribution is of particular benefit for legacy applications but also eases development of new applications. A fast and predictable monitoring and control mechanism enforces specified behavior of applications and peripherals communicating with critical applications at run time. This significantly reduces integration effort for mixed-critical applications on a shared platform, and thus makes many-core platforms more attractive for embedded and safety-critical systems.
Conceptualizing Religion and Spirituality: Points of Commonality, Points of Departure

Psychologists' emerging interest in spirituality and religion as well as the relevance of each phenomenon to issues of psychological importance requires an understanding of the fundamental characteristics of each construct. On the basis of both historical considerations and a limited but growing empirical literature, we caution against viewing spirituality and religiousness as incompatible and suggest that the common tendency to polarize the terms simply as individual vs. institutional or ′good′ vs. ′bad′ is not fruitful for future research. Also cautioning against the use of restrictive, narrow definitions or overly broad definitions that can rob either construct of its distinctive characteristics, we propose a set of criteria that recognizes the constructs' conceptual similarities and dissimilarities. Rather than trying to force new and likely unsuccessful definitions, we offer these criteria as benchmarks for judging the value of existing definitions.
Approximating edit distance efficiently

Edit distance has been extensively studied for the past several years. Nevertheless, no linear-time algorithm is known to compute the edit distance between two strings, or even to approximate it to within a modest factor. Furthermore, for various natural algorithmic problems such as low-distortion embeddings into normed spaces, approximate nearest-neighbor schemes, and sketching algorithms, known results for the edit distance are rather weak. We develop algorithms that solve gap versions of the edit distance problem: given two strings of length n with the promise that their edit distance is either at most k or greater than /spl lscr/, decide which of the two holds. We present two sketching algorithms for gap versions of edit distance. Our first algorithm solves the k vs. (kn)/sup 2/3/ gap problem, using a constant size sketch. A more involved algorithm solves the stronger k vs. /spl lscr/ gap problem, where /spl lscr/ can be as small as O(k/sup 2/) - still with a constant sketch - but works only for strings that are mildly "nonrepetitive". Finally, we develop an n/sup 3/7/-approximation quasilinear time algorithm for edit distance, improving the previous best factor of n/sup 3/4/ (Cole and Hariharan, 2002); if the input strings are assumed to be nonrepetitive, then the approximation factor can be strengthened to n/sup 1/3/.
Differences in movement microstructure of the mouse and the finger-controlled isometric joystick

This paper describes a study comparing the movement characteristics of the mouse and the velocity-control isometric joystick. These characteristics are called the microstructure of movement. The comparison found random variations in the velocity of the isometric joystick that make it hard to control. The study shows that the microstructure of movement can explain differences in performance among devices.