Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Computational Studies of Potential Insecticidal Limonoids from Neem Against Spodoptera frugiperda (J. E. Smith)

: Spodoptera frugiperda (J. E. Smith) is an invasive pest which pose severe economic losses to a variety of crops. Invasion of fall armyworm (FAW) causes potential damage to staple crops which threatens the food security of India. To mitigate the pest attack, synthetic insecticide chlorantraniliprole was used by the farmers to control the attack of S. frugiperda . However, the development of pesticide resistance and adverse effects on health and environment are the major drawbacks in using synthetic insecticides. The lethal effects of synthetic insecticide necessitates the search for ecofriendly biopesticide from plant sources which are considered as good alternatives. Azadirachta indica A. Juss. , is the most promising multipurpose tree species being harnessed for the synthesis of biopesticides due to its bioactive compounds which possesses antifeedant, ovicidal, larvicidal, oviposition deterrent and growth regulating activities against the insects. The objective of the present study was to evaluate and check the potency of the limonoids (Azadirachtin, Nimbin and Salannin) from A. indica kernels against the pest S. frugiperda via in-silico studies by targeting the ryanodine receptor of the insect in comparison with the insecticide chlorantraniliprole. Structure of ligands were retrieved from PubChem Database. The target protein sequence was downloaded from UniProtKB and modelled using SWISS-MODEL. Quality of target protein was validated using ERRAT tool prior to docking. After validation, docking was carried out using SwissDock server for all the ligands against the target. Docking results of azadirachtin, nimbin, salannin and chlorantraniliprole revealed binding energies of -7.22, -6.88, -7.08 and -7.41 Kcal/mol, respectively. In addition, the amino acid interaction also supports the binding affinity of the phytocompounds, where azadirachtin and salannin interacts with the same amino acid as that of chlorantraniliprole. From the results, it can be inferred that azadirachtin and salannin exhibited good binding affinities towards the target protein which can be used in combination with chlorantraniliprole as a formulation in integrated pest management of FAW for its relatively low toxicity to non-target organisms and biodegradability.
A Vertical Seismometer With Build-in Retroreflector for Absolute Gravimetry

A free-fall absolute gravimeter uses a Mach-Zehnder interferometer to track the free-falling object. Theoretically, it needs an inertial reference point, which is a reference retroreflector keeping static in inertial frame for an accurate absolute gravimetry. Practically, the reference retroreflector is always disturbed by the ground vibration. Traditionally, a vibration correction method with a broadband seismometer is used to reduce the effect of the ground vibration. The transfer function between the reference retroreflector and the seismometer is hypothesized as a proportional element with time delay. The difference between the hypothesized and the real transfer function limits the effect of the vibration correction. On this basis, a modified method, replacing the sensitive element of a seismometer with the reference retroreflector, is proposed. The motion of the reference retroreflector is measured directly by differential parallel plate capacitance detection. A closed-loop control circuit produces feedback voltage to make the reference retroreflector track the ground vibration. The feedback voltage represents the reference retroreflector’s motion directly. Experiments show the capacitance detecting circuit detects the displacement of the reference retroreflector relative to the ground with a resolution of 0.6 nm at 500 Hz. The acceleration resolution of the homemade vertical seismometer is about 10 mGal. The sensitivity of the seismometer is 316 V/g. The damp ratio of the homemade seismometer is little, and the natural frequency of the homemade seismometer is 104 Hz by analyzing the step response of the system. The bandwidth of the system is around 175 Hz. In the future, the homemade seismometer will be applied in absolute gravimeters for hostile measurement.
Structural style in a Messinian (intra-Pontian) gravity-driven deformation system, western Black Sea, offshore Romania

Miocene sediments of the western Black Sea failed gravitationally during the intra-Pontian (Messinian) sea-level fall. In the region of the Histria Trough, this generated two independent collapse systems detaching on the upper part of Oligocene–Lower Miocene shale. This contribution focuses on the eastern system. The eastern linked system is approximately 60 km long in the dip direction, containing about 10 major extensional faults in the updip domain, with a cumulative extension (heave) of 11.4 km. This extension is accommodated downdip partially by 6 – 7 km of lateral compaction and on a single toe thrust with 4.8 km of shortening. The thin-skinned extension generated both basinwards-dipping faults and counter-regional faults (dip towards the basin margin), with associated rollovers, tilted fault blocks and keystone graben. Broad shale pillow (3 km across) and cuspate shale upwelling developed due to reactive shale diapirism. The collapse of the rollover anticlines into the half-graben suggests a high deformation rate. Downdip, the thrust follows the top of the Oligocene–Lower Miocene unit and steps up into the top of Sarmatian. The thrust hanging-wall anticline collapsed and triggered a mass transport complex (MTC). The top of the MTC is a rugose surface, and we suggest that it remained under water during the Messinian event due to its lack of visible erosion.
Implementation of The Freedom Learning Program for Prospective Primary School Teachers at Universitas Negeri Semarang: Opportunities and Challenges

AbstrakKebijakan Merdeka Belajar Kampus Merdeka (MBKM) merupakan bentuk pembelajaran di perguruan tinggi yang mandiri dan fleksibel. Namun dalam pelaksanaan program tersebut terdapat beberapa tantangan dan peluang yang dihadapi. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendeskripsikan tantangan dan peluang yang dihadapi dalam pelaksanaan program MBKM di Dinas Pendidikan Sekolah Dasar khususnya pada program pertukaran pelajar. Pendekatan penelitian yang digunakan adalah penelitian kualitatif dengan desain penelitian studi kasus. Sumber data penelitian adalah dosen dan mahasiswa pada perguruan tinggi mitra sebagai mata kuliah yang melakukan pertukaran mahasiswa. Teknik pengumpulan data menggunakan wawancara mendalam, observasi partisipatif, dokumentasi, dan catatan anekdot. Teknik analisis data yang digunakan adalah analisis deskriptif (kondensasi data, penyajian data, dan verifikasi). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa sebagian besar siswa mengalami tantangan terkait faktor sosial budaya. Penggunaan bahasa daerah pada saat perkuliahan membuat mahasiswa membutuhkan waktu untuk menyesuaikan diri. Mengenai peluang, perbedaan budaya akademik yang mempengaruhi proses pembelajaran (penugasan mata kuliah, metode pengajaran, dan penggunaan teknologi) memberikan peluang bagi setiap universitas untuk dapat mengadaptasi budaya akademik yang berdampak positif. Sehingga diperlukan lebih banyak petunjuk teknis dalam pelaksanaan program pertukaran pelajar MBKM. AbstractThe Freedom Learning - Freedom Campus (MBKM) Policy is a form of learning in higher education that is autonomous and flexible. However, in implementing the program several challenges and opportunities were encountered. This study aims to describe the challenges and opportunities faced in the implementation of MBKM program in the Primary School Education Department, especially in the student exchange program. The research approach used is qualitative research with a case study research design. Sources of research data are lecturers and students at partner universities as subjects who carry out student exchanges. Data collection techniques used in-depth interviews, participatory observation, documentation, and anecdotal notes. The data analysis technique used is descriptive analysis (data condensation, data display, and verification). The results showed that most of the students experienced challenges related to socio-cultural factors. The use of regional languages during lectures makes students need time to adjust. Regarding opportunities, differences in an academic culture that affect the learning process (course assignments, teaching methods, and use of technology) provide opportunities for each university to be able to adapt an academic culture that has a positive impact. So, more technical guidelines are needed in the implementation of the MBKM student exchange program.
Erosion and sediment transport from the market gardening lands at Pukekohe, Auckland, New Zealand

Sediment yield from the 1.8 km 2 Whangapouri basin near Pukekohe, used predominantly for market gardening, is compared with erosion from plots of bare soil measured at Bombay Hill. The cause of large differences between the two is inferred from soil physical properties. The yield of suspended sediment from Whangapouri basin averaged 49 t/km 2 /yr over a 3-year measurement period. Bedload was negligible compared with the suspended sediment load. Sediment yields during winter-spring storms were higher than during storms with the same peak runoffin in other seasons. Soil loss from plots of continuously bare soil was two orders of magnitude higher than loss from the basin, averaging 5680 t/km 2 /yr over a 2.5 year measurement period. Soil loss during individual storm events reached more than 1000 t/km 2 . A small proportion (32%) of the storms was responsible for most (87%) of the soil loss, and these storms were concentrated in the winter and spring periods. The difference in yields between the plots and the catchment suggests large quantities of soil were mobilised within paddocks by storms in the Pukekohe area, but little of this sediment was transported as suspended load in streams. This is a junction of both the small proportion of fields that deliver sediment directly into the drainage system, and the strongly aggregated soils. Analysis of aggregate size and stability indicated the soils were resistant to slaking and dispersion into sand, silt, and clay particles that would contribute to suspended load. It is inferred that soil is being moved by runoff during storms, but that it is moving as aggregated material which is deposited within paddocks and drains close to the source. Both the plot and catchment studies indicate the importance of the winterspring period for sediment generation. This period is characterised by a high frequency of storms, poor ground cover and increased sediment concentrations in storm runoff. Attempts to reduce sediment load and soil movement should target this period of the year.
Contrasting Responses of the Hadley Circulation to Equatorially Asymmetric and Symmetric Meridional Sea Surface Temperature Structures

AbstractThe impacts of different meridional structures of tropical sea surface temperature (SST) on the Hadley circulation (HC) in the annual mean are investigated during the period 1948–2013. By decomposing the variations in SST and the HC into two components—that is, the equatorially asymmetric (SEA for SST, and HEA for HC) and the equatorially symmetric (SES for SST, and HES for HC) parts—it is shown that the long-term variability in SEA and SES captures well the temporal variations in equatorially asymmetric and symmetric variations in SST. The variation in HEA is closely linked to that of SEA, and the variation in HES is connected with that of SES. However, the response of HEA to a given amplitude variation in SEA is stronger (by ~5 times) than that of HES to the same amplitude variation in SES. This point is further verified by theoretical and numerical models, indicating that the meridional structure of SST plays a crucial role in determining the anomalies in HC. This result may explain why the pri.
Deformation pattern of the Lower Triassic sedimentary formations of the Silica Nappe: Evidence for dynamics of the Western Carpathian orogen

The Lower Triassic formations of the Silicic Unit were studied by structural geology methods to unravel its deformation history and chronology of nappe transport. The nappe sheet of this unit is the highest representative thin-skinned thrust in the Western Carpathians. The Silicic Unit spreads in the broader area of the Variscan consolidated Gemeric and the Veporic crystalline basements. Geological and palaeotectonic evidence indicate that the Silicic nappe pile is more than one km and at some places up to 3 km thick. The nappe is abundant in the inner zones of the Western Carpathians and overlaps all other structural units in the area, in particular it covers the margin of the Gemeric Unit. Based on the structural analysis, geometry and overprinting criteria of secondary planar structures (cleavages or fold axial surfaces) and fold axes indicate the presence of three main deformation events. Generally, the first group of structures is related to ≈ W–E shortening ( AD 1 ), which is interpreted in association with closure of the Meliata Ocean. The younger direction of the Silicic nappe system shortening ( AD 2 ) shows top-to-the-NNW thrusting and is related to the Early to Late Cretaceous Eoalpine convergence. This stage also comprises folds with steep north dipping axial surfaces and occasionally also flat-lying axial surfaces forming fan-like structure of fold axial planes. The last observed structures refer to the W–E shortening ( AD 3 ) characterised by the symmetric gentle to open folds with subvertical axial surfaces locally with few pronounced top-to-the-east asymmetries.
Modulating the Gut Microbiome in Multiple Sclerosis Management: A Systematic Review of Current Interventions

This review attempted to explore all recent clinical studies that have investigated the clinical and autoimmune impact of gut microbiota interventions in multiple sclerosis (MS), including dietary protocols, probiotics, fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT), and intermittent fasting (IF). Methods: Thirteen studies were held between 2011 and 2023 this demonstrated interventions in gut microbiome among patients with MS and their impact the clinical parameters of the disease. These included specialized dietary interventions, the supply of probiotic mixtures, FMT, and IF. Results: Dietary interventions positively affected various aspects of MS, including relapse rates, EDSS disability scores, MS-related fatigue, and metabolic features. Probiotic mixtures showed promising results on MS-related fatigue, EDSS parameters, inflammation; meanwhile, FMT—though a limited number of studies was included—indicated some clinical improvement in similar variables. IF showed reductions in EDSS scores and significant improvement in patients’ emotional statuses. Conclusions: In dietary protocols, clinical MS parameters, including relapse rate, EDSS, MFIS, FSS, and MSQoL54 scales, were significantly improved through the application of a specific diet each time. Probiotic nutritional mixtures promote a shift in inflammation towards an anti-inflammatory cytokine profile in patients with MS. The administration of such mixtures affected disability, mood levels, and quality of life among patients with MS. FMT protocols possibly demonstrate a therapeutic effect in some case reports. IF protocols were found to ameliorate EDSS and FAMS scores. All interventional means of gut microbiome modulation provided significant conclusions on several clinical aspects of MS and highlight the complexity in the relationship between MS and the gut microbiome.
Current trends of minimally invasive therapy for cholecystocholedocholithiasis

Introduction The minimally invasive approach of endoscopic ultrasound (EUS)-guided procedures for cholecystocholedocholithiasis, such as EUS-guided gallbladder drainage (EUS-GBD), EUS-guided rendezvous (EUS-RV), and EUS-guided biliary drainage (EUS-BD), is affirmed as an effective treatment for patients with acute cholecystitis (AC) who are unfit for surgery and for patients with common bile duct stones (CBDSs) who have experienced a previous ERCP failure. Furthermore, in cases of difficult CBDS extraction during endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP), cholangioscopy-guided electrohydraulic lithotripsy (CS-EHL) has showed optimal results. The main objective of our study was to evaluate the effectiveness of EUS-GBD and percutaneous gallbladder drainage (PT-GBD) in patients with AC who are unfit for surgery. We also aimed to evaluate the efficacy of EUS-GBD, EUS-BD, and EUS-RV following ERCP failure and the effectiveness of CS-EHL for difficult CBDS extraction in our hospital. The secondary aim was to examine the safety of these procedures. Materials and methods We conducted a retrospective evaluation of all the EUS-GBD, PT-GBD, EUS-BD, EUS-RV, and CS-EHL procedures, which were prospectively collected in the gastroenterology and digestive endoscopy unit and the general surgery unit from January 2020 to June 2023. The efficacy was expressed in terms of technical and clinical success rates, while safety was assessed based on the rate of adverse events (AEs). Results We enrolled 83 patients with AC and high surgical risk. Among them, 57 patients (68.7%, 24/57 male, median age 85 ± 11 years) underwent EUS-GBD, and 26 (31.3%, 19/26 male, median age 83 ± 7 years) underwent PT-GBD. The technical and clinical success rates were 96.5 and 100% for EUS-GBD, and 96.1 and 92% for PT-GBD. The AEs for EUS-GBD were 1.7%, and for PT-GBD, it was 12%. ERCP for CBDS extraction failed in 77 patients. Among them, 73 patients (94.8%) underwent EUS-RV with technical and clinical success rates of 72.6% (53/73) and 100%, respectively. No AEs were reported. Four out of 77 patients were directly treated with EUS-BD for pyloric inflammatory stenosis. In 12 patients (16.4%), following unsuccessful EUS-RV with a CBD diameter ≥ 12 mm, an EUS-BD was performed. Both technical and clinical success rates for EUS-BD were 100%, and no AEs were reported. EUS-GBD was the treatment of choice for the remaining 8 (10.9%) patients after failure of both ERCP and EUS-RV. The procedure had high technical and clinical success rates (both at 100%), and no AEs were reported. The 12 difficult CBDS extraction treated with CS-EHL also showed high technical and clinical success rates (both at 100%), with no reported AEs. Conclusion The minimally invasive approach for cholecystocholedocholithiasis, especially EUS-guided procedures, had high efficacy and safety in treating AC in high-risk surgical patients and CBDS extraction after a previously unsuccessful ERCP.
Rapid identification of enteric bacteria from whole genome sequences using average nucleotide identity metrics

Identification of enteric bacteria species by whole genome sequence (WGS) analysis requires a rapid and an easily standardized approach. We leveraged the principles of average nucleotide identity using MUMmer (ANIm) software, which calculates the percent bases aligned between two bacterial genomes and their corresponding ANI values, to set threshold values for determining species consistent with the conventional identification methods of known species. The performance of species identification was evaluated using two datasets: the Reference Genome Dataset v2 (RGDv2), consisting of 43 enteric genome assemblies representing 32 species, and the Test Genome Dataset (TGDv1), comprising 454 genome assemblies which is designed to represent all species needed to query for identification, as well as rare and closely related species. The RGDv2 contains six Campylobacter spp. , three Escherichia/Shigella spp. , one Grimontia hollisae, six Listeria spp. , one Photobacterium damselae, two Salmonella spp. , and thirteen Vibrio spp. , while the TGDv1 contains 454 enteric bacterial genomes representing 42 different species. The analysis showed that, when a standard minimum of 70% genome bases alignment existed, the ANI threshold values determined for these species were ≥95 for Escherichia/Shigella and Vibrio species, ≥93% for Salmonella species, and ≥92% for Campylobacter and Listeria species. Using these metrics, the RGDv2 accurately classified all validation strains in TGDv1 at the species level, which is consistent with the classification based on previous gold standard methods.
The (statistical) science of sustainability

I take as a basic law of nature that "trees do not grow to the sky". In fact, the tree metaphor is very useful as we try to impose a science on the vaguely defined term, "sustainability. " Trees make up forests and forests grow and recede according to many factors. Trees develop from seeds to saplings to mature trees, using nutrients and water in the soil and C02, O2 and light from the atmosphere to grow. They do not grow to the sky, and they eventually dies. Forests do not cover the earth; but they grow, recede, and are potentially sustainable. Trees and forests are a function of their environment. Homo sapiens are a function of their environment too, although we sometimes forget.
Case Study on the Use of Winograd-Based Convolution for CNN Inference in FPGA

This work explores the implementation of Convolutional Neural Networks (CNNs) on FPGAs. Two circuits are investigated: one based on the spatial 2-D convolution algorithm and another based on the Winograd algorithm for convolution. The Winograd algorithm simplifies the convolution process through linear transformations that reduce the number of multiplications required. However, there is an increase in circuit complexity due to the additional logic to perform the transformations. The two implementations are compared in a case study of a simple architecture to solve the handwritten digits classification problem in the MNIST dataset.
Arthroscopic Treatment of a Subchondral Bone Cyst via Stem Cells Application: A Case Study in Equine Model and Outcomes

Subchondral bone cysts in horses represent one of the main causes of lameness that can occur in different anatomical locations. The study describes the treatment in regenerative therapy of the intracystic implantation of adipose tissue mesenchymal stromal cells (AMSCs) included in platelet-rich plasma (PRP). The ability of AMSCs to differentiate in osteogenic cells was tested in vitro and in vivo. Given the aim to investigate the application of AMSCs in bone defects and orthopedic pathologies in horses, a four-year-old male thoroughbred racing horse that had never raced before was treated for lameness of the left hind leg caused by a cyst of the medial femoral condyle. The horse underwent a new surgery performed with an arthroscopic approach in which the cystic cavity was filled with AMSCs contained in the PRP. Radiographs were taken 3, 5, and 10 months after the surgery to assess the development of newly regenerated bone tissue in the gap left by the cyst. Twelve months after the operation and after six months of regular daily training, the horse did not show any symptoms of lameness and started a racing career. According to the study, the use of AMSCs and PRP suggests promising benefits for treating subchondral bone cysts.