Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
‘New’ new economic geography: firm heterogeneity and agglomeration economies

For two decades new economic geography has focused on ‘macro-heterogeneity’ across locations showing how this can be endogenously generated by the microeconomic decisions of identical people and firms. This paper argues that future research should look more deeply into finer ‘micro-heterogeneity’ across people and firms, shedding light on how the interactions between the two levels of heterogeneity affect the existence and the intensity of agglomeration economies.
Benchmarking the PEG Ratio

This article argues that, to properly employ the PEG ratio criterion for the determination of under/overvalued shares, the traditional benchmark of 1 is not appropriate and the benchmark employed must be customized to the share, i.e., it must reflect that share’s specific EPS growth rate and cost of equity. Invoking the constant growth model of share valuation, a formula for the suitable benchmark is developed. Graphs which illustrate the functional dependence of the benchmark on its determinants are presented, and the errors induced due to the use of the incorrect customary benchmark of unity are investigated.
Extraction of Network Information - Quality and Quantity - from Nodes of Neuronal Network

Neurons forms interconnected networks to process information. In brain such networks are implemented for the purpose of computation or decision making. Neuron cultures on Multi Electrode Array gives advantage to study the network topology of network of neurons as it facilitates recording from population of neurons. Spike train recorded from the dish is used for analysis of the information content in neuron network node. Shannon Entropy and Autocorrelation is applied to understand the quantity and quality of network information content in the signal recorded from the nodes of neuron network formed on the dish as result of the culture. The information content was quantified in bits and quality of information was found to be non-random hence good quality.
Reduced hypoglycemic episodes and improved glycemic control in children with type 1 diabetes using insulin glargine and neutral protamine Hagedorn insulin.

OBJECTIVE The purpose of this study was to evaluate the use of a new long-acting basal insulin, insulin glargine (IG), in children with type 1 diabetes. Study design Data from 114 subjects, age 2 to 18 years (mean, 12.2 years; 54 boys, 60 girls), were collected for 9 months before and 9 months after IG treatment. During IG therapy, all subjects received morning neutral protamine Hagedorn insulin (given with insulin lispro; Humalog) to provide daytime insulin coverage. The numbers of nonsevere and severe hypoglycemic events, hemoglobin A1c values, body weight, and daily insulin dose were recorded at each clinic visit. RESULTS The mean (+/-1 SEM) frequency of nonsevere hypoglycemic events per week decreased from 2.0+/-0.1 to 1.3+/-0.1 (P<.001). Severe hypoglycemic episodes were reduced from a total of 22 in the 9 months before IG to nine in the 9 months after IG. Severe nocturnal events were similarly reduced from 14 to four episodes. The mean (+/-1 SEM) hemoglobin A1c levels were 9.6+/-0.1% (baseline), 9.4+/-0.1% at 3 months (P=.18), 9.3+/-0.1% at 6 months (P=.03), and 9.3+/-0.1% at 9 months (P=.01). CONCLUSION Insulin glargine therapy can reduce hypoglycemic episodes in children and adolescents with suboptimal glucose control without jeopardizing glycemic control.
Loss of chloride channel ClC-5 impairs endocytosis by defective trafficking of megalin and cubilin in kidney proximal tubules

Loss of the renal endosome-associated chloride channel, ClC-5, in Dent's disease and knockout (KO) mice strongly inhibits endocytosis of filtered proteins by kidney proximal tubular cells (PTC). The underlying mechanism remains unknown. We therefore tested whether this endocytic failure could primarily reflect a loss of reabsorption by the multiligand receptors, megalin, and cubilin, caused by a trafficking defect. Impaired protein endocytosis in PTC of ClC-5 KO mice was demonstrated by (i) a major decreased uptake of injected125I-β2-microglobulin, but not of the fluid-phase tracer, FITC-dextran, (ii) reduced labeling of endosomes by injected peroxidase and for the endogenous megalin/cubilin ligands, vitamin D- and retinol-binding proteins, and (iii) urinary appearance of low-molecular-weight proteins and the selective cubilin ligand, transferrin. Contrasting with preserved mRNA levels, megalin and cubilin abundance was significantly decreased in kidney extracts of KO mice. Percoll gradients resolving early and late endosomes (Rab5a, Rab7), brush border (villin, aminopeptidase M), and a dense peak comprising lysosomes (acid hydrolases) showed a disappearance of the brush border component for megalin and cubilin in KO mice. Quantitative ultrastructural immunogold labeling confirmed the overall decrease of megalin and cubilin in PTC and their selective loss at the brush border. In contrast, total contents of the rate-limiting endocytic catalysts, Rab5a and Rab7, were unaffected. Thus, impaired protein endocytosis caused by invalidation of ClC-5 primarily reflects a trafficking defect of megalin and cubilin in PTC.
Social Media Strategies and Destination Management

This study provides insights into social media practices and strategic considerations used by destination management organizations (DMOs). It examines a theoretical model of generic social media strategies for destination management and applies qualitative methods to analyze the social media initiatives of DMOs of Denmark, Norway, Finland, Sweden and the Scandinavian Tourist Board Asia/Pacific in the Nordic European Region. The study provides empirical evidence of emerging social media strategies among DMOs and confirms the growing importance of these new media. The findings point to the conflicting relationship between corporate culture and social media culture, the challenges innovative communication tools present for traditional management structures, poor levels of formalization and the lack of a knowledge base which results in ad-hoc decision making. Overall, the paper discusses the challenges faced by DMOs in their adoption of new technological cultures.
A Future for the Package Tour Operator in the 21st Century?

Tour operators' performance and recent changes in air inclusive tours (AITs) are traced. The difficulties tour operators face are identified in the light of economic factors influencing demand and supply. Attention is concentrated on the impact of economies and diseconomies of scale, concentration, integration, legal liabilities, technological change and the general economic climate. Discussion of trends indicates that in the face of increasing competition, continuing excess capacity and market instability, tour operators are confronted by varying and challenging prospects into the next century.
Electrochemical Sensor for Square Wave Voltammetric Determination of Clozapine by Glassy Carbon Electrode Modified by WO3 Nanoparticles

A simple and sensitive sensor based on glassy carbon (GC) electrode modified by composite of multiwall carbon nanotubes and <italic>WO</italic><sub>3</sub> nanoparticles hydride by <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\alpha -terpineol $ </tex-math></inline-formula> (MWWT) was introduced for the electrochemical determination of clozapine (CLZ). The presented sensor was characterized by the atomic force microscopy and the electrochemical impedance spectroscopy. The electro-oxidation of CLZ was investigated on modified GC electrode by cyclic voltammetry and square wave voltammetry (SWV) methods. The oxidation peak potential of clozapine on MWWT was appeared at 462 mV, which was accompanied with smaller overpotential and increase in oxidation peak current in comparing to the bare GC electrode. Under optimum conditions, the sensor provides two linear SWV responses in the range of 0.1–2 <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\mu \text{M}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> and 2–150 <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\mu \text{M}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> for CLZ with a detection limit of 30 nM. The proposed sensor was successfully used for determining CLZ in serum and urine samples and satisfactory responses were obtained.
Prevalence of chlamydia and gonorrhoea among a population of men who have sex with men

Objectives: Few data are available on the prevalence of sexually transmitted diseases (STDs) in men who have sex with men (MSM), making it difficult to develop STD screening guidelines for this population. The objective of the study was to determine the prevalence of urethral infections caused by Chlamydia trachomatis and Neisseria gonorrhoeae within a large, community based population of MSM, and to assess the feasibility of rectal screening in this population. Methods: This was a cross sectional study of 566 MSM, who were predominantly middle aged, white, asymptomatic, and engaged in sex with multiple partners. All provided a urine sample to screen for chlamydial and gonorrhoea infections using a PCR assay; rectal screening was performed on 48 participants. Results: Urethral C trachomatis infections were detected in 1/566 participants (prevalence 0.2%, 95% CI 0.004% to 1.0%), and rectal C trachomatis infections were detected in 2/48 men (prevalence 4.2%, 95% CI 0.5% to 14.2%). No gonorrhoea infections were detected, and none of the 117 HIV positive men had either infection. Conclusions: Chlamydial and gonorrhoea infections were uncommon in this sample of MSM, even among those with multiple sexual partners or HIV infection. These data call into question recommendations to screen all MSM based on their individual sexual behaviours or HIV. Additional data are needed on the prevalence of these infections in MSM from different settings.
The Observers Observed

Donna Haraway, Primate Visions: Gender, Race, and Nature in the World of Modern Science (Routledge, 1989), £40 hardback. Mary Jacobus, Evelyn Fox Keller, Sally Shuttleworth (eds), Body/Politics: Women and the Discourses of Science (Routledge, 1990), £35.00. Ludmilla Jordanova, Sexual Visions: Images of Gender in Science and Medicine between the Eighteenth and Twentieth Centuries (Harvester Wheatsheaf, 1989), £21.25 hardback, £12.95 paperback Londa Schiebinger, The Mind Has No Sex? Women in the Origins of Modem Science (Harvard University Press, 1989), £23.50.
Culinary Tourism Supply Chains: A Preliminary Examination

This article begins by defining culinary tourism as any tourism experience in which one learns about, appreciates, or consumes branded local culinary resources. The centrality of local ingredients and culinary resources to the culinary tourism experience means that an understanding of the issues and structures associated with accessing those resources can contribute to a deeper understanding of culinary tourism as a product and its linkages to other sectors of the economy. Supply chain theory is introduced and its relevance to culinary tourism discussed. A preliminary description of the supply chains for three culinary tourism products—farmers' markets, festivals, and restaurants—are identified on the basis of semistructured discussions with representatives from the three product sectors in Ontario, Canada. Key issues faced by producers in each sector are also described. The article concludes with recommendations for further research.
An experimental test of the hypothesis of non-homeostatic consumer stoichiometry in a plant litter-microbe system.

Stoichiometric homeostasis of heterotrophs is a common, but not always well-examined premise in ecological stoichiometry. We experimentally evaluated the relationship between substrate (plant litter) and consumer (microorganisms) stoichiometry for a tropical terrestrial decomposer system. Variation in microbial C : P and N : P ratios tracked that of the soluble litter fraction, but not that of bulk leaf litter material. Microbial N and P were not isometrically related, suggesting higher rates of P than N sequestration in microbial biomass. Shifts in microbial stoichiometry were related to changes in microbial community structure. Our results indicate that P in dissolved form is a major driver of terrestrial microbial stoichiometry, similar to aquatic environments. The demonstrated relative plasticity in microbial C : P and N : P and the critical role of P have important implications for theoretical modelling and contribute to a process-based understanding of stoichiometric relationships and the flow of elements across trophic levels in decomposer systems.
Atomistic Approach to Thickness-Dependent Bandstructure Calculation of InSb UTB

InSb is known to have the highest electron mobility among all III-V binary compounds, and is thus considered as a candidate channel material for future nanoscale FET devices. In this paper, two-dimensional bandstructures of (100) oriented InSb ultrathin bodies are calculated using an atomistic approach based on the sp3d 5s* tight-binding model. Key parameters, including energy bandgap, density of states, and carrier effective masses, are extracted from bandstructures obtained numerically. These parameters can further be used as inputs for channel mobility simulation
Hamiltonian formulation of reduced magnetohydrodynamics

Reduced magnetohydrodynamics (RMHD) is a principal tool for understanding nonlinear processes, including disruptions, in tokamak plasmas. Although analytical studies of RMHD turbulence are useful, the model’s impressive ability to simulate tokamak fluid behavior has been revealed primarily by numerical solution. A new analytical approach, not restricted to turbulent regimes, based on Hamiltonian field theory is described. It is shown that the nonlinear (ideal) RMHD system, in both its high‐beta and low‐beta versions, can be expressed in Hamiltonian form. Thus a Poisson bracket, { , }, is constructed such that each RMHD field quantity ξi evolves according to ξi ={ξi,H}, where H is the total field energy. The new formulation makes RMHD accessible to the methodology of Hamiltonian mechanics; it has lead, in particular, to the recognition of new RMHD invariants and even exact, nonlinear RMHD solutions. A canonical version of the Poisson bracket, which requires the introduction of additional fields, leads t.
Evaluation of an electrical conductivity portable device as an alternative for subclinical mastitis detection

The use of efficient methods for the early diagnosis of subclinical mastitis is of great importance in milk production. By using an electrical conductivity meter (EC), the efficiency of subclinical mastitis diagnosis was evaluated in dairy farms in northern Parana, Brazil, and the results were compared with those obtained by using the California Mastitis Test and the Somatic Cell Count (SCC). Samples from 941 quarters of 259 cows of the Holstein and Jersey breeds were analyzed in four dairy farms between June and July 2014. The EC method correctly evaluated 54.8% of the samples (264 samples with subclinical mastitis) and 250 without infection when compared with the diagnosis by CMT. Of the 445 samples diagnosed as positive by EC, 19.7% were classified by CMT with score 2 and 24.7% with score 3. Of the samples with negative results (496), most of them had scores 0 and 1 (50.4% and 21.4 %). The correlations between EC and SCC (r = 0.14) and EC and CMT (r = 0.17) were positive but low, which generated false positive and false negative results of subclinical mastitis in the herd.
Transfer characteristics and contact resistance in Ni- and Ti-contacted graphene-based field-effect transistors

We produced graphene-based field-effect transistors by contacting mono- and bi-layer graphene by sputtering Ni or Ti as metal electrodes. We performed electrical characterization of the devices by measuring their transfer and output characteristics. We clearly observed the presence of a double-dip feature in the conductance curve for Ni-contacted transistors, and we explain it in terms of charge transfer and graphene doping under the metal contacts. We also studied the contact resistance between the graphene and the metal electrodes with larger values of ∼30 kΩμm2 recorded for Ti contacts. Importantly, we prove that the contact resistance is modulated by the back-gate voltage.
Security Review of the SHA-1 and MD 5 Cryptographic Hash Algorithms

Database breaches and reverse engineering of hashed passwords accentuated lackluster approach of administrators maintaining sensitive data. We therefore evaluate the most-commonly utilized hashing algorithm, SHA-1 and MD5, as to their ability to withstand various threat scenarios. A comprehensive literature research will be presented which supports the hypothesis that security considerations when implementing cryptographic hash functions are sidelined in favor of backward-compatible procedures with provably lower level of resilience in face of deliberate attempts at obtaining sensitive data by unauthorized third parties. Also described will be a way to improve the current predicament to better protect confidential data using cryptographic salts. Key-Words: security, hashing, algorithm, sha-1, md5, salt
Floodgates and accountability: issues in an orbital theory

The paper proposes a foundation for an orbital theory of accountability extending from negligent misstatement to consideration for the welfare of an unknowable posterity. Inner orbits of accountability are circumscribed by enforceable laws within any one jurisdiction. Middle orbits include stakeholders damage to whom is foreseeable, avoidable or clearly traceable to the firm's own action, omission or statement; but who have no legal remedy so their claim is largely moral, ethical and equitable. Outer orbits of accountability include animals, plants, posterity and any other being that is likely to be affected by the firm, but with whom the firm cannot have a bilateral, reciprocal and interactive relationship. In delineating the three orbits, discussion includes: the brain's role in defining subjective accountability; the effect of economic disembeddedness in keeping the inner orbit narrow; and the net present value of the interests of a posterity that may be infinite or infinitesimal.
Aramex PJSC: carving a competitive advantage in the global logistics and express transportation service industry

Title Aramex PJSC: carving a competitive advantage in the global logistics and express transportation service industry. Subject area Entrepreneurship, International Business, Strategy. Study level/applicability Post-graduates, Practitioners. Case overview This case chronicles the Aramex PJSC story of entrepreneur Fadi Gandhour. The case looks at the new start-up, its growth and financing plans for expansion and how it got a competitive advantage in an industry dominated by big players. Aramex, as of 2012, was the only Arab company to have successfully listed on the NASDAQ Stock Exchange. After 30 years at the helm of the company, Fadi Ghandour, the Chief Executive Officer (CEO), was stepping down and was being succeeded by regional head, Hussein Hachem, the CEO of Middle East and Africa. Aramex had a competitive edge in emerging markets, and Fadi and Hussein knew that the route to sustainable growth was to capitalize on this opportunity using organic growth, acquisitions and strategic alliances. Expected learning outcomes Strategy included looking at gaining a competitive advantage in the Middle East, North Africa, South Asia and other emerging markets. Lessons are provided on capitalization of opportunity, funding and creating an organization culture that is sustainable and reflects the Founder's ideal. Supplementary materials Teaching notes are available for educators only. Please contact your library to gain login details or email support@emeraldinsight.com to request teaching notes.
Lessons in Fundamental Mechanisms and Diverse Adaptations from the 1 2015 BLAST ( Bacterial Locomotion and Signal Transduction ) Meeting 2 3

Lessons in Fundamental Mechanisms and Diverse Adaptations from the 1 2015 BLAST (Bacterial Locomotion and Signal Transduction) Meeting 2 3 Birgit M. Prüβ, Jun Liu, Penelope I. Higgs, Lynmarie K. Thompson 4 Department of Veterinary and Microbiological Sciences, North Dakota State University, Fargo ND 5 58108 6 Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Texas Medical School at Houston, 7 Houston, TX 77030 8 Department of Biological Sciences, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI 48202 9 Department of Chemistry and Program in Molecular & Cellular Biology, University of Massachusetts 10 Amherst, Amherst, MA 01003 11 12 13 14 15 16 Birgit M. Prüβ, Birgit.Pruess@ndsu.edu, (701) 231-7848 17 Jun Liu, Jun.Liu. 1@uth.tmc. edu, (713) 500-5342 18 Penelope I. Higgs, pihiggs@wayne.edu, (313) 577-9241 19 Lynmarie K. Thompson, thompson@chem.umass. edu, 413-545-0827 20 21 22 JB Accepted Manuscript Posted Online 20 July 2015 J. Bacteriol. doi:10.1128/JB.00384-15 Copyright © 2015, American Society for Microbiology. All Rights Reserved.
Highly Portable, Sensor-Based System for Human Fall Monitoring

Falls are a very dangerous situation especially among elderly people, because they may lead to fractures, concussion, and other injuries. Without timely rescue, falls may even endanger their lives. The existing optical sensor-based fall monitoring systems have some disadvantages, such as limited monitoring range and inconvenience to carry for users. Furthermore, the fall detection system based only on an accelerometer often mistakenly determines some activities of daily living (ADL) as falls, leading to low accuracy in fall detection. We propose a human fall monitoring system consisting of a highly portable sensor unit including a triaxis accelerometer, a triaxis gyroscope, and a triaxis magnetometer, and a mobile phone. With the data from these sensors, we obtain the acceleration and Euler angle (yaw, pitch, and roll), which represents the orientation of the user’s body. Then, a proposed fall detection algorithm was used to detect falls based on the acceleration and Euler angle. With this monitoring system, we design a series of simulated falls and ADL and conduct the experiment by placing the sensors on the shoulder, waist, and foot of the subjects. Through the experiment, we re-identify the threshold of acceleration for accurate fall detection and verify the best body location to place the sensors by comparing the detection performance on different body segments. We also compared this monitoring system with other similar works and found that better fall detection accuracy and portability can be achieved by our system.
p300 Knockout Promotes Butyrate Resistance

Dietary fiber is linked to a reduced risk of colorectal cancer (CRC), and this protective activity is likely due to its fermentation product, butyrate. Dependent upon the hyperactivation of Wnt signaling, butyrate represses CRC cell growth and induces apoptosis. However, resistance to butyrate activity may allow for CRC development even in the context of relatively high fiber intake. We have previously determined that CRC cells resistant to butyrate are deficient in p300 expression. The histone acetylase p300 influences colonic cell signaling and physiology through effects on Wnt signaling. In this short research communication, we report that p300 knockout CRC cells exhibit butyrate resistance, and the re-introduction of p300 expression in p300 knockout CRC cells restores butyrate sensitivity. Microarray data on gene expression associated with butyrate sensitivity are presented and discussed.