Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The Effects of China's One-Child Policy: The Significancefor Chinese Women

In 1979. China introduced the legislation of the One-Child Policy to be implemented as a temporary means of curbing such high population growth. Over thirty years have passed since its implementation. and this family planning policy still continues to be controversial. Much of academia has focused on the problems stemmingfrom this policy. such as increased abortions. the underreporting of live births. infants abandoned and/or left at orphanages. female infanticide and an imbalanced ratio of males to females among the Chinese population. Not much scholarship has focused on the benefits of China 's One-Child Policy. especially for women. Since this policy 's implementation. China has experienced changes in filial piety and patrilineality. In a land where sons have been highly cherishedfor thousands of years. singleton daughters are now experiencing greater parental investment and consequently greater gender equality within their society. In a country that has been traditionally dominated by males. China's One-Child Policy has indirectly benefited the role of women in society.
Incorporating Multi-partite Networks and Expertise to Construct Related-Term Graphs

Term suggestion techniques recommend query terms to a user based on his initial query. Providing adequate term suggestions is a challenging task. Most existing commercial search engines suggest search terms based on the frequency of prior used terms that match the first few letters typed by the user. We present a novel mechanism to construct semantic term-relation graphs to suggest semantically relevant search terms. We build term relation graphs based on multi-partite networks of existing social media. These linkage networks are extracted from Wikipedia to eventually form term relation graphs. We propose incorporating contributor-category networks to model the contributor expertise. This step has been shown to significantly enhance the accuracy of the inferred relatedness of the term-semantic graphs. Experiments showed the obvious advantage of our algorithms over existing approaches
Conceptualizing the Lack of Women in Men's College Basketball: A Multilevel Model Approach

Thus far, the underrepresentation of women in men’s sports has been examined by focusing on how a single level (e.g., discrimination) effects the representation of women in sports. In the early 1990s, the most significant, surge of research describing the role of women as coaches in men’s sports began to surface (Kane & Stangl, 1991; Lovett & Lowry, 1994; Stangl & Kane, 1991; Staurowsky, 1990). Much of this research was at the high school level and used homologous reproduction, hegemony, and hegemonic masculinity as theoretical frameworks to explain the lack of women as coaches in men’s sports. Although each theory has merit, none are all encompassing. Thus, inevitably, each study left a conceptual void in explaining the underrepresentation of women in men’s sports, specifically men’s college sports. Also, research pertaining to women’s role in men’s college basketball specifically has been sparse. Although there has been research using multilevel models to explain the gender related issues in society and sport (Cunningham & Sagas, 2008; Dixon & Cunningham, 2006; Kozlowski & Klein, 2000), very few have been specific to women in men’s sports. It would be irresponsible to believe that one study could explain this phenomenon. Therefore, by no means does this research suggest that a multilevel framework is all encompassing. However, a multilevel perspective does attempt to leave very little residual reasoning for the phenomenon. In viewing sports from a sociological lens, race and gender issues have paralleling similarities. By this we mean, the underrepresentation of racial minorities and the underrepresentation of women in sports can be explained using very similar frameworks, theoretical perspectives, and ideologies. Thus, the theoretical framework used in this study is modeled after multilevel frameworks used to describe the role of racial inequities in sport (Cunningham, 2010), the multilevel, multi-model framework described by Chafetz (1990, 1999) to describe coercive structures of gender inequities, and previous studies relating gender and sports in a multilevel framework (Cunningham & Sagas, 2008; Dixon & Cunningham, 2006; Kozlowski & Klein, 2000).
Do Spanish informal caregivers come to the rescue of dependent people with formal care unmet needs

This paper analyses the effect of unmet formal care needs on informal caregiving hours in Spain using the two waves of the Informal Support Survey (1994, 2004). Testing for double sample selection from formal care receipt and the emergence of unmet needs provides evidence that the omission of either variable would causes underestimation of the number of informal caregiving hours. After controlling for these two factors the number of hours of care increases with both the degree of dependency and unmet needs. More importantly, in the presence of unmet needs, the number of informal caregiving hours increases when some formal care is received. This result refutes the substitution model and supports complementarity or task specificity between both types of care. For a given combination of formal care and unmet needs, informal caregiving hours increased between 1994 and 2004. Finally, in the model for 2004, the selection term associated with the unmet needs equation is larger than that of the formal care equation, suggesting that using the number of formal care recipients as a quality indicator may be confounding, if we do not complete this information with other quality indicators.
Rapid Wuchereria bancrofti-Specific Antigen Wb123-Based IgG4 Immunoassays as Tools for Surveillance following Mass Drug Administration Programs on Lymphatic Filariasis

ABSTRACT The Global Programme to Eliminate Lymphatic Filariasis has an urgent need for rapid assays to detect ongoing transmission of lymphatic filariasis (LF) following multiple rounds of mass drug administration (MDA). Current WHO guidelines support using the antigen card immunochromatographic test (ICT), which detects active filarial infection but does not detect early exposure to LF. Recent studies found that antibody-based assays better serve this function. In the present study, two tests, a rapid IgG4 enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and a lateral-flow strip immunoassay, were developed based on the highly sensitive and specific Wuchereria bancrofti antigen Wb123. A comparison of W. bancrofti-infected and -uninfected patients (with or without other helminth infections) demonstrated that both tests had high sensitivities and specificities (93 and 97% [ELISA] and 92 and 96% [strips], respectively). When the W. bancrofti-uninfected group was separated into those with other filarial/helminth infections (i.e., onchocerciasis, loiasis, and strongyloidiasis) and those who were parasite uninfected, the specificities of the assays varied between 91 and 100%. In addition, the geometric mean response by ELISA of W. bancrofti-infected patients was significantly higher than the response of those without W. bancrofti infection (P < 0.0001). Furthermore, the Wb123 ELISA and the lateral-flow strips had high positive and negative predictive values, giving valuable information on the size of survey population needed to be reasonably certain whether or not transmission is ongoing. These highly sensitive and specific IgG4 tests to the W. bancrofti Wb123 protein give every indication that they will serve as useful tools for post-MDA monitoring.
A new detection algorithm for Manets based on product trellises using space time trellis codes

In this paper, we propose a new detection algorithm based on product trellises for a MANET wireless MIMO system. Two cases of study will be discussed, one for BPSK and another one for 4-PSK modulation. In the case of BPSK with AWGN channel a gain of 1.5 dB for a BER of 10-4 is achieved. In the second case using 4-PSK with Rayleigh fading channel a gain of 1 dB for a BER of 10-4 is also achieved.
ssr HLShbox-ssr pg: High-Level Synthesis of Power-Gated Circuits

A problem inherent in power-gated circuits is the overhead of state-retention storage required to preserve the circuit state in standby mode.HLS-pg is a new design framework that takes power gating into account, from scheduling, allocation, and controller synthesis to the final circuit layout. Its main feature is a new scheduler that minimizes the number of retention registers required at the power-gating control step. In experiments on benchmark designs implemented in 0.9-V 65-nm technology, HLS-pg reduced leakage current by 20.7% on average, with 5.0% less area and 4.1% less wirelength, compared to the power-gated circuits produced by conventional high-level synthesis.
Question Answering for Alzheimer Disease Using Information Retrieval

With the tremendous growth of biomedical literature and data, it’s no longer feasible for researchers to manually sift through this information for answering questions on specific topics. The “Machine Reading of Biomedical Texts about Alzheimer Disease” task of CLEF QA4MRE encouraged the development of systems that can automatically find answers to questions on Alzheimer disease. To this end, we developed several information retrieval(IR) and semantic web-based strategies. Our best performing strategy used a combination of query processing followed by IR on the background corpus, distributed by the organizers, to find correct answers. Using our systems, the highest cumulative and individual c@1 scores achieved were 0.47 and 0.66 respectively.
Enhancing the Quality of Noisy Training Data Using a Genetic Algorithm and Prototype Selection

This paper introduces a novel technique to enhance the quality of training data with noisy dependent variable for binary classification. Noise reduces classification accuracy by disrupting the training data set and causing the classifier to build incorrect models. Our approach (GAPS) uses a genetic algorithm (GA) to create the set of suspicious noisy instances and prototype selection (PS) to identify the set of actual noisy instances. This paper shows that the combination of genetic algorithm with prototype selection enhances the quality of noisy training data sets and increases classification accuracy of the model built with the enhanced training data.
Molecular Diversity of VEGF‐A as a Regulator of Its Biological Activity

The vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) family of proteins regulates blood flow, growth, and function in both normal physiology and disease processes. VEGF‐A is alternatively spliced to form multiple isoforms, in two subfamilies, that have specific, novel functions. Alternative splicing of exons 5–7 of the VEGF gene generates forms with differing bioavailability and activities, whereas alternative splice‐site selection in exon 8 generates proangiogenic, termed VEGFxxx, or antiangiogenic proteins, termed VEGFxxxb. Despite its name, emerging roles for VEGF isoforms on cell types other than endothelium have now been identified. Although VEGF‐A has conventionally been considered to be a family of proangiogenic, propermeability vasodilators, the identification of effects on nonendothelial cells, and the discovery of the antiangiogenic subfamily of splice isoforms, has added further complexity to their regulation of microvascular function. The distally spliced antiangiogenic isoforms are expressed in normal human tissue, but downregulated in angiogenic diseases, such as cancer and proliferative retinopathy, and in developmental pathologies, such as Denys Drash syndrome and preeclampsia. Here, we examine the molecular diversity of VEGF‐A as a regulator of its biological activity and compare the role of the pro‐ and antiangiogenic VEGF‐A splice isoforms in both normal and pathophysiological processes.
Affine invariant regions++

Many problems in Computer Vision require the computation of correspondences between images. In order to cope with large differences in viewing conditions, several affine invariant region detectors have been developed in the last few years. These regions automatically adapt their shape so as to cover the same scene surface in any view. This dissertation builds upon existing detectors and develops various novel techniques which extend the power and functionalities of the regions. The advances relate to different subfields of Vision, and can be summarized as four main contributions. First and foremost, the thesis presents a powerful Object Recognition system capable of working with large amounts of background clutter, severe occlusion, and strong viewpoint and scale changes. It can handle non-rigid deformations, and also finds the contours of the visible parts of the object. The second innovation consists of a method to obtain region correspondences across several images taken from different viewpoints. These multi-view correspondences are important as they enable the automatic reconstruction of a 3D model given only a few still images. In constrast, traditionally this task requires a complete video as input. Another branch of the thesis introduces a real-time algorithm which tracks the full affine shape of a region as it evolves through a video, and its application for markerless Augmented Reality. Most prior works instead rely on adding special markers to the scene. Lastly, a technique to automatically find groups of regions correspondences lying on planar surfaces is presented. This allow to detect planar scene structures and their geometric transformation between views, which in turn can considerably simplify 3D reconstruction procedures, and is useful for robot navigation. Acknowledgements Four years is a long period of time. During this period I have met a number of wonderful people who influenced my work in various ways. First and foremost, I extend my deepest gratitude to Dr. Tinne Tuytelaars, who was always next to me, even thought a thousand kilometers divided our working places. Throughout the whole PhD, her brilliant intellectual support was second only to her amazing capacities to keep up a challenging and exciting working atmosphere, savour the successes, and react positively to defeats. My heartfelt thanks go to my supervisor, Prof. Luc Van Gool, whose enormous drive was a true inspiration. His expert advice, extensive knowledge of the Computer Vision field, and continuous incentives to improve my work were invaluable. I am grateful to my co-referee, Prof. …
Involvement of hippocampal extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2 in spatial working memory in rats

The role of the phosphorylation of hippocampal extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2 in spatial working memory in rats was assessed with a delayed spatial win-shift task in a radial arm maze. The task consisted of two phases, a training phase and a test phase, separated by a delay. Phosphorylated extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2 levels were significantly and transiently increased in the hippocampus by 60 min, and then returned to the control levels 120 min after the training phase. Bilateral microinjections of the PD98059, an inhibitor of the extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2 kinase MEK, into the hippocampus impaired performance in the test phase of the delayed spatial win-shift task at 5-min delay. These results suggest that extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2 activation in the hippocampus plays a crucial role in spatial working memory.
SocialLens: Searching and Browsing Communities by Content and Interaction

Community analysis is an important task in graph mining. Most of the existing community studies are community detection, which aim to find the community membership for each user based on the user friendship links. However, membership alone, without a complete profile of what a community is and how it interacts with other communities, has limited applications. This motivates us to consider systematically profiling the communities and thereby developing useful community-level applications. In this paper, we introduce a novel concept of community profiling, upon which we build a SocialLens system1 to enable searching and browsing communities by content and interaction. We deploy SocialLens on two social graphs: Twitter and DBLP. We demonstrate two useful applications of SocialLens, including interactive community visualization and profile-aware community ranking.
Iron depletion in the intestines of Malvolio mutant flies does not occur in the absence of a multicopper oxidase

Malvolio (Mvl) encodes the sole Drosophila melanogaster homologue of divalent metal transporter-1 (DMT1). The Drosophila transporter has been implicated in iron, manganese and copper cellular import. Indeed, the extent of metal specificity for this family of transporters is still under investigation in many eukaryotic species. Here, we revisit metal accumulation in Mvl mutants raised under normal and metal-supplemented diets. We found iron deficiency in Mvl mutant flies, whereas whole body copper and manganese concentrations remained unaltered. Iron supplementation restored total body iron concentrations in Mvl mutants, but without replenishing iron stores in the middle midgut, suggesting a role for Mvl in systemic iron trafficking, in addition to a role in intestinal iron absorption. Interestingly, dietary copper sulphate supplementation further exacerbated the iron deficiency. We investigated whether dietary copper affected iron storage through the function of an insect multicopper oxidase (MCO), because the mammalian MCO ceruloplasmin is known to regulate iron storage in the liver. We identified a Drosophila MCO mutant that suppressed aspects of the Mvl mutant phenotype and most notably Mvl, MCO3 double mutants showed normal intestinal iron storage. Therefore, MCO3 may encode an insect ferroxidase. Intriguingly, MCO3 mutants had a mild accumulation of copper, which was suppressed in Mvl mutants, revealing a reciprocal genetic interaction between the two genes.
THE ANALYSIS OF BUSINESS PERFORMANCE IN SMALL AND MEDIUM HOSPITALITY ENTERPRISES IN THE REPUBLIC OF CROATIA

The role of small and medium enterprises is crucial for the European economic recovery - their number, employment capacity and value added constitute a large share in the European economy. Providing proper conditions in which small and medium enterprises can flourish is paramount for ensuring a sustained recovery and achieving prosperity for all EU citizens. In order to provide deeper understanding of small and medium hospitality enterprises business performance, the study aims to analyse data from Croatian Bureau of Statistics and author’s earlier work. The data used were part of a longer scale and previously published survey
An intravitreal biodegradable sustained release naproxen and 5-fluorouracil system for the treatment of experimental post-traumatic proliferative vitreoretinopathy

Background/aims: To determine the potential of an intravitreal sustained release naproxen and 5-fluorouracil (NA/5-FU) codrug for the treatment of experimental proliferative vitreoretinopathy (PVR) in a model for trauma associated tractional retinal detachment (TRD). Methods: Sustained release pellets were prepared by covalently linking naproxen to 5-fluorouracil. Drug release was tested in vitro and toxic effects were evaluated by electroretinography and light microscopy. Traumatic PVR was induced in pigmented rabbits by performing a scleral laceration, followed by repair and intravitreal injection of 0.4 ml of autologous blood. Thirty six eyes were treated with a sustained release implant containing 1.5 mg NA/5-FU as a codrug and 36 control eyes were submitted to surgery alone. Eyes were evaluated for TRD by serial indirect ophthalmoscope examination at different time points followed by postmortem fundus evaluation of the enucleated eye Results: The NA/5-FU pellets were found to provide linear release of 5-FU and naproxen over the 30 day duration of the in vitro release test. Both the severity of PVR grade and the percentage of eyes with moderate or worse tractional detachment were significantly lower in eyes treated with the codrug pellet. There were no drug related toxic effects evident on histopathological or electroretinograph examination of eyes containing the NA/5-FU pellet. Conclusions: The results suggest that this NA/5-FU codrug device effectively inhibits the progression of PVR in a rabbit trauma model that closely resembles PVR in humans. Additional studies to add knowledge to these initial findings and to clarify the potential of the codrug device for the treatment of human PVR are warranted.
A successful social norms campaign to reduce alcohol misuse among college student-athletes.

OBJECTIVE This study examines the impact of a social norms intervention to reduce alcohol misuse among student-athletes. The intervention was designed to reduce harmful misperceptions of peer norms and, in turn, reduce personal risk. METHOD A comprehensive set of interventions communicating accurate local norms regarding alcohol use targeted student-athletes at an undergraduate college. An anonymous survey of all student-athletes was conducted annually for 3 years (2001: n = 414, 86% response; 2002: n = 373, 85% response; and 2003: n = 353, 79% response). A pre/post comparison of student-athletes was conducted separately for new and ongoing athletes at each time point to isolate any general time period effects from intervention effects. A cross-sectional analysis of student-athletes with varying degrees of program exposure was also performed. RESULTS The intervention substantially reduced misperceptions of frequent alcohol consumption and high-quantity social drinking as the norm among student-athlete peers. During this same time period, frequent personal consumption, high-quantity consumption, high estimated peak blood alcohol concentrations during social drinking, and negative consequences all declined by 30% or more among ongoing student-athletes after program exposure. In contrast, no significant differences across time were seen for new student-athletes each year with low program exposure. Among student-athletes with the highest level of program exposure, indications of personal misuse were at least 50% less likely on each measure when compared with student-athletes with the lowest level of program exposure. CONCLUSIONS This social norms intervention was highly effective in reducing alcohol misuse in this high-risk collegiate subpopulation by intensively delivering data-based messages about actual peer norms through multiple communication venues.