Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Full Breastfeeding and Hospitalization as a Result of Infections in the First Year of Life

OBJECTIVE. Our objective was to assess the effect of breastfeeding on the probability of hospitalization as a result of infectious processes during the first year of life METHODS. We followed 1385 infants from birth to age 1 year between 1996 and 1999. Recruitment and data collection were done at the 6-month well-infant visit under the National Child Health Program. Full breastfeeding, hospital admission, and other relevant variables related to the delivery, infant, mother, health services system, and sociologic aspects were recorded. The statistical analysis included Kaplan-Meier test, Cox regression to obtain the hazard ratio, and the adjusted attributable risk. RESULTS. Full breastfeeding at discharge after delivery and at 3, 4, and 6 months of age were 85%, 52%, 41%, and 15%, respectively; 78 hospital admissions as a result of infections were recorded (38 respiratory tract, 16 gastrointestinal tract). Mean age at admission was 4.1 months. After estimating the attributable risk, it was found that 30% of hospital admissions would have been avoided for each additional month of full breastfeeding. Seemingly, 100% of full breastfeeding among 4-month-old infants would avoid 56% of hospital admissions in infants who are younger than 1 year. CONCLUSIONS. On the basis of the present data, we conclude that full breastfeeding would lower the risk for hospital admission as a result of infections among infants who are younger than 1 year within an industrialized country.
Consumption Psychoanalysis and Customer Relationship Management Based on Association Rules Mining

Consumption psychoanalysis is very important for enterprises to improve production and develop economy. Customer satisfaction index is an important part of consumption psychology. Structural equation model is required to calculate customer satisfaction index, however, the current algorithms of structural equation model have some deficiencies which need to be improved. In this paper, we improve the algorithm of structural equation model, we figure out a suitable iterative initial value of partial least squares to enhance the convergence rate greatly, in addition, we give it’s definite algorithm. Customer relationship management system is an important management software for enterprises, in this paper, we band data mining together with customer relationship management by dint of an instance. To help to find business developmental trend, to find meaningful rules or patterns, which provide the basis for enterprises to make decision, so that enterprises in a better competitive position. Our algorithm has been developed into calculating software, the production has already been in use.
A Taxonomy of Virtual Information Tasks and e-capability of Visitor Information Centres: An Australian Case Study

Visitor Information Centres (VICS) play an important role in the promotion of tourist destinations. This important role is achieved through the provision of information. As the nature of information provision is changing, primarily in response to the evolving information infrastructure, this paper considers the information needs of virtual and face-to-face users of VICS and how their needs can be met in the context of the changing information infrastructure. A taxonomy of information tasks of virtual visitors to VICs is developed and then used to assess the e-capability of centres to meet the needs of virtual visitors.
Adhesion-dependent cell cycle progression linked to the expression of cyclin D1, activation of cyclin E-cdk2, and phosphorylation of the retinoblastoma protein

Growth factors and cell anchorage jointly regulate transit through G1 in almost all cell types, but the cell cycle basis for this combined requirement remains largely uncharacterized. We show here that cell adhesion and growth factors jointly regulate the cyclin D1- and E- dependent kinases. Adhesion to substratum regulates both the induction and translation of cyclin D1 mRNA. Nonadherent cells fail to phosphorylate the retinoblastoma protein (Rb), and enforced expression of cyclin D1 rescues Rb phosphorylation and entry into S phase when G1 cells are cultured in the absence of substratum. Nonadherent cells also fail to activate the cyclin E-associated kinase, and this effect can be linked to an increased association of the cdk inhibitors, p21 and p27. These data describe a striking convergence in the cell cycle controls used by the two major signal transduction systems responsible for normal and abnormal cell growth. Taken together with our previous studies showing adhesion-dependent expression of cyclin A, they also establish the cell cycle basis for explaining the combined requirement for growth factors and the extracellular matrix in transit through the Rb checkpoint, entry into S phase, and anchorage-dependent growth.
The Laplace transform and polynomial approximation in L2

This short note gives a sufficient condition for having the class of polynomials dense in the space of square integrable functions with respect to a finite measure dominated by the Lebesgue measure in the real line, here denoted by $L^2$. It is shown that if the Laplace transform of the measure in play is bounded in a neighbourhood of the origin, then the moments of all order are finite and the class of polynomials is dense in $L^2$. The existence of the moments of all orders is well known for the case where the measure is concentrated in the positive real line (see Feller, 1966), but the result concerning the polynomial approximation is original, even thought the proof is relatively simple. Additionally, an alternative stronger condition easier to be verified not involving the calculation of the Laplace transform is given. The condition essentially says that the density of the measure should have exponential decaying tails. The tools presented are of interest for constructing semiparametric extensions of classic parametric models.
Immunoglobulin GM and KM Allotypes in Systemic Lupus erythematosus

Genetic variation in immunoglobulin γ (GM) and ĸ (KM) chains was associated with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) in some studies. However, the data are conflicting, and only one study examined associations in African-Americans. We examined GM and KM allotypes, by race, in a population-based case-control study of SLE. Sera from patients (n = 222) and controls (n = 273) were typed for GM and KM allotypes by a hemagglutination inhibition method. GM phenotypes were not significantly associated with SLE in African-Americans or Caucasians. However, the frequency of KM phenotypes in Caucasian patients was significantly different from that in controls (p = 0.032). KM3,3 was associated with an increased risk, whereas KM1,3 was associated with a lower relative risk of SLE. In African-Americans, however, the pattern of associations with KM phenotypes differed from that in Caucasians, and the overall difference between patients and controls was not statistically significant.
Basis for body weight exponent (0.75) as a scaling factor in energy metabolism and risk assessment

The basis that led to the adoption of the exponent (0.75) as a scaling factor for the relationship between body weight and energy metabolism is presented. In the risk assessment formulation, it may be appropriate to use the 0.75 power of body weight as a scaling factor for carcinogenicity data obtained from animal studies.
On Customers and Costs: A Story from Public Sector Science

The Argument In this we explore some of the ways in which a state scientific laboratory (Daresbury SERC) reacted to the rtetoric and forces of the marketpace in the 1980s. We describe laboratory attempts to create what we call “good customers” while converting itself into a “good seller” by developing a particulat set of costing practicting that were closely related to the implementation of a management accounting system. Finally, we consider how Daresbury response to “market forces” influenced scintific and organzational practice, and arsponse that the social technologies of governmentality performed by accountancy — but also by scientific and bureaucratic practice are complex, discursively heterogeneou, and used in context-sensitive ways. This means, or so we suggest, that it is difficult to mount general argunents about “science” and “the market,” and that the use of such large-scale institions impedes impedes analysis.
Idelalisib, an inhibitor of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase p110δ, for relapsed/refractory chronic lymphocytic leukemia.

In a phase 1 trial, idelalisib (GS-1101, CAL-101), a selective inhibitor of the lipid kinase PI3Kδ, was evaluated in 54 patients with relapsed/refractory chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) with adverse characteristics including bulky lymphadenopathy (80%), extensive prior therapy (median 5 [range 2-14] prior regimens), treatment-refractory disease (70%), unmutated IGHV (91%), and del17p and/or TP53 mutations (24%). Patients were treated at 6 dose levels of oral idelalisib (range 50-350 mg once or twice daily) and remained on continuous therapy while deriving clinical benefit. Idelalisib-mediated inhibition of PI3Kδ led to abrogation of Akt phosphorylation in patient CLL cells and significantly reduced serum levels of CLL-related chemokines. The most commonly observed grade ≥3 adverse events were pneumonia (20%), neutropenic fever (11%), and diarrhea (6%). Idelalisib treatment resulted in nodal responses in 81% of patients. The overall response rate was 72%, with 39% of patients meeting the criteria for partial response per IWCLL 2008 and 33% meeting the recently updated criteria of PR with treatment-induced lymphocytosis. (1,2) The median progression-free survival for all patients was 15.8 months. This study demonstrates the clinical utility of inhibiting the PI3Kδ pathway with idelalisib. Our findings support the further development of idelalisib in patients with CLL. These trials were registered at clinicaltrials.gov as #NCT00710528 and #NCT01090414.
Mortality rates and causes of death in a cohort of HIV-infected and uninfected women, 1993–1999

HIV/AIDS-associated and non-HIV/AIDS-associated death rates and causes of death between 1993 and 1999 were examined in 885 HIV-infected women and 425 uninfected women of the HIV Epidemiology Research Study cohort. Causes of death were determined by review of death certificates and the National Death Index. Adjusted bazard ratios were calculated for mortality risk factors. In the 885 HIV-infected women and 425 uninfected women, 234 deaths and 8 deaths, respectively, occurred by December 31, 1999. All-cause death rates in the HIV-infected women were unchanged between the pre-HAART (1993–1996) and HAART eras (1997–1999) —5.1 versus 5.4 deaths per 100 person-years (py). AIDS as a cause of death decreased from 58% of all deaths in 1996 to 19% in 1999, while HAART use increased to 42% by the end of 1999. In spite of the modest proportion ever using HAART, HIV-related mortality rates did decline, particularly in women with CD4+cell counts less than 200/mm3. Drug-related factors were prominent: for the 129 non-AIDS-defining deaths, hepatitis C positivity (relative bazard [RH] 2.6, P<0.001) and injection drug use (RH 1.7, P=0.02) were strong predictors of mortality, but were not significant in the Cox model for 105 AIDS-defining deaths (RH 0.9, P>30 and RH 0.7, P>. 30, respectively. The regression analysis findings, along with the high percentage of non-AIDS deaths attributable to illicit drug use, suggest that high levels of drug use in this population offset improvements in mortality from declining numbers of deaths due to AIDS.
Does De Jure Judicial Independence Really Matter?

The relationship between de jure and de facto judicial independence is much debated in the literature on judicial politics. Some studies find no relationship between the formal rules governing the structure of the judiciary and de facto judicial independence, while others find a tight correlation. This article sets out to reassess the relationship between de jure and de facto judicial independence using a new theory and an expanded data set. De jure institutional protections, we argue, do not work in isolation but work conjunctively, so that particular combinations of protections are more likely to be effective than others. We find that rules governing the selection and removal of judges are the only de jure protections that actually enhance judicial independence in practice and that they work conjunctively. This effect is strongest in authoritarian regimes and in contexts with checks on executive authority.
Demonstration in Yeast of the Function of BP-80, a Putative Plant Vacuolar Sorting Receptor

BP-80, later renamed VSRPS-1, is a putative receptor involved in sorting proteins such as proaleurain to the lytic vacuole, with its N-terminal domain recognizing the vacuolar sorting determinant. Although all VSRPS-1 characteristics and in vitro binding properties described so far favored its receptor function, this function remained to be demonstrated. Here, we used green fluorescent protein (GFP) as a reporter in a yeast mutant strain defective for its own vacuolar receptor, Vps10p. By expressing VSRPS-1 together with GFP fused to the vacuolar sorting determinant of petunia proaleurain, we were able to efficiently redirect the reporter to the yeast vacuole. VSRPS-1 is ineffective on GFP either alone or when fused with another type of plant vacuolar sorting determinant from a chitinase. The plant VSRPS-1 therefore interacts specifically with the proaleurain vacuolar sorting determinant in vivo, and this interaction leads to the transport of the reporter protein through the yeast secretory pathway to the vacuole. This finding demonstrates VSRPS-1 receptor function but also emphasizes the differences in the spectrum of ligands between Vps10p and its plant equivalent.
Learning Symbolic and Subsymbolic Temporal Task Constraints from Bimanual Human Demonstrations

Learning task models of bimanual manipulation from human demonstration and their execution on a robot should take temporal constraints between actions into account. This includes constraints on (i) the symbolic level such as precedence relations or temporal overlap in the execution, and (ii) the subsymbolic level such as the duration of different actions, or their starting and end points in time. Such temporal constraints are crucial for temporal planning, reasoning, and the exact timing for the execution of bimanual actions on a bimanual robot. In our previous work, we addressed the learning of temporal task constraints on the symbolic level and demonstrated how a robot can leverage this knowledge to respond to failures during execution. In this work, we propose a novel model-driven approach for the combined learning of symbolic and subsymbolic temporal task constraints from multiple bimanual human demonstrations. Our main contributions are a subsymbolic foundation of a temporal task model that describes temporal nexuses of actions in the task based on distributions of temporal differences between semantic action keypoints, as well as a method based on fuzzy logic to derive symbolic temporal task constraints from this representation. This complements our previous work on learning comprehensive temporal task models by integrating symbolic and subsymbolic information based on a subsymbolic foundation, while still maintaining the symbolic expressiveness of our previous approach. We compare our proposed approach with our previous pure-symbolic approach and show that we can reproduce and even outperform it. Additionally, we show how the subsymbolic temporal task constraints can synchronize otherwise unimanual movement primitives for bimanual behavior on a humanoid robot.
Signal + Context = Better Classification

Typical signal-based approaches to extract musical descriptions from audio only have limited precision. A possible explanation is that they do not exploit context, which provides important cues in human cognitive processing of music: e.g. electric guitar is unlikely in 1930s music, children choirs rarely perform heavy metal, etc. We propose an architecture to train a large set of binary classifiers simultaneously, for many different musical metadata (genre, instrument, mood, etc.), in such a way that correlation between metadata is used to reinforce each individual classifier. The system is iterative: it uses classification decisions it made on some classification problems as new features for new, harder problems; and hybrid: it uses a signal classifier based on timbre similarity to bootstrap symbolic inference with decision trees. While further work is needed, the approach seems to outperform signal-only algorithms by 5% precision on average, and sometimes up to 15% for traditionally difficult problems such as cultural and subjective categories.
A Distinguish Attack on COSvd Cipher

— The COSvd Ciphers has been proposed by Filiol and others (2004). It is a strengthened version of COS stream cipher family denoted COSvd that has been adopted for at least one commercial standard. We propose a distinguish attack on this version, and prove that, it is distinguishable from a random stream. In the COSvd Cipher used one S-Box (10×8) on the final part of cipher. We focus on S-Box and use weakness this S-Box for distinguish attack. In addition, found a leak on HNLL that the sub s-boxes don’t select uniformly. We use this property for an Improve distinguish attack.
The expression of retinal cell markers in human retinal pigment epithelial cells and their augmentation by the synthetic retinoid fenretinide

Purpose In several species the retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) has the potential to transdifferentiate into retinal cells to regenerate functional retinal tissue after injury. However, this capacity for regeneration is lost in mammals. The synthetic retinoic acid derivative, fenretinide [N(4-hydroxyphenyl) retinamide], induces a neuronal-like phenotype in the human adult retinal pigment epithelial cell line (ARPE-19). These changes are characterized by the appearance of neural-like processes and the expression of neuronal markers not normally associated with RPE cells. Here we assess whether fenretinide can induce a neuroretinal cell phenotype in ARPE-19 cells, by examining retinal cell marker expression. Methods ARPE-19 cells were treated daily with culture medium containing either 3 μM fenretinide or dimethyl sulfoxide as a control for 7 days. Cells were processed for immunocytochemistry, western blotting, and for analysis by PCR to examine the expression of a panel of RPE, neural, and retinal-associated cellular markers, including classical and non-canonical opsins. Results Treatment with fenretinide for 7 days induced the formation of neuronal-like processes in ARPE-19 cells. Fenretinide induced the expression of the cone long wavelength sensitive opsin (OPN1lw) but not rhodopsin (RHO), while decreasing the expression of RPE cell markers. Many of the neuronal and retinal specific markers examined were expressed in both control and fenretinide treated cells, including those involved in photoreceptor cell development and the multipotency of neural retinal progenitor cells. Interestingly, ARPE-19 cells also expressed both photoreceptor specific and non-specific canonical opsins. Conclusions The expression of retinal-associated markers and loss of RPE cell markers in control ARPE-19 cells suggests that these cells might have dedifferentiated from an RPE cell phenotype under standard culture conditions. The expression of molecules, such as the transcription factors paired box 6 gene (PAX6), sex determining region Y-box 2 (SOX2), cone-rod homeobox (CRX), and neural retina leucine zipper (NRL), further implies that in culture these cells are predisposed toward a retinal progenitor-like state. The fenretinide-induced increase in photoreceptor cell markers, accompanied by a decrease in RPE cell markers, suggests that retinoids may play a role in the transdifferentiation of RPE cells. Importantly, our data show for the first time the expression of a vertebrate ciliary opsin (OPN1lw) and rhabdomeric-like opsin, opsin 4 (OPN4 also known as melanopsin) in a clonal cell line. Together these data suggest that ARPE-19 cells are primed for and possess the capacity to differentiate toward a retinal cell-like lineage.
Continuity of psychopathology in youths referred to mental health services.

OBJECTIVE To investigate the stability and predictive strength of behavioral and emotional problems in childhood and adolescence. METHOD A referred sample (N = 1,652), aged 4 to 18 years at initial assessment, was followed up after a mean interval of 6.2 years. Problem scores derived from Child Behavior Checklist, Youth Self-Report, and Teacher's Report Form at initial assessment (T1) were related to scores on the same instruments at follow-up (T2). RESULTS Correlations between T1 and corresponding T2 problem scores averaged 0.41 intrainformant (range 0.22-0.61) and 0.22 interinformant (range -0.09-0.57). Stabilities were similar across gender, and larger for Externalizing versus Internalizing scores, except on youths' self-reports. Psychopathology scores at follow-up were predicted by corresponding T1 scores. Girls were predicted to have higher T2 Somatic Complaints, Anxious/Depressed, Thought Problems, and Internalizing scores than boys. Children younger at intake were predicted to have higher scores than older children on T2 Social and Attention Problems. CONCLUSIONS Findings indicate continuity of specific behavioral and emotional problems in clinically referred children and adolescents.
Make it so! Jean-Luc Picard, Bart Simpson and the design of e-public services

In this paper, we report on a project applying participatory design methods to include people who have experience of social exclusion (in one form or another) in designing possible technologies for e-(local)-government services. The work was part of a project for the Office of the Deputy Prime Minister in the UK, and was concerned with 'access tokens' that can provide personal identification for individuals accessing public services, based on technologies such as multi-functional smartcards, flash memory sticks, mobile phone SIMs or similar devices.In particular we report on our experience using the 'pastiche scenarios' technique recently developed by Mark Blythe. Our findings indicate that the technique can be effective and engaging in helping people to create realistic scenarios of future technology use and highlight some possible pitfalls to consider when using this technique.
Imbalance in redox system of rat liver following permethrin treatment in adolescence and neonatal age

Abstract 1. The effect of different permethrin treatments on the redox system of rat liver, is presented. Two types of oral administration were chosen: (i) sub-chronic treatment (1/10 of LD50 for 60 days) during adolescence (5 weeks old) and (ii) sub-acute treatment (1/44 of LD50 for 15 days) during early life (from postnatal days 6–21). 2. The results show that adolescent permethrin treatment induces damage to the liver redox system, increasing lipid and protein peroxidation and reducing membrane fluidity in the hydrophilic--hydrophobic region of the bilayer. In addition, glutathione peroxidase (GPx) and GSH levels resulted decreased, while glutathione transferase (GST) and catalase (CAT) levels increased. 3. The rats treated in early life with permethrin and sacrificed in adult age, showed less signs of damage compared to those exposed during adolescence in which lipid peroxidation was increased by 32%, whereas for the first group the raise was only 11%. Moreover, fluidity improved in the deeper hydrophobic membrane region of the treated group, while the level of CAT was significantly lower compared to the control one. 4. Although sub-chronic treatment increased CAT and GST and decreased GPx and GSH levels, the present data suggest that a shorter exposure to permethrin during neonatal age decreased CAT level and it could represent an important risk factor for the onset of long-term liver damage.