Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Metaclasses are first class: The ObjVlisp Model

This paper shows how an attempt at a uniform and reflective definition resulted in an open-ended system supporting ObjVlisp, which we use to simulate object-oriented language extensions. We propose to unify Smalltalk classes and their terminal instances. This unification allows us to treat a class as a “first class citizen”, to give a circular definition of the first metaclass, to access to the metaclass level and finally to control the instantiation link. Because each object is an instance of another one and because a metaclass is a real class inheriting from another one, the metaclass links can be created indefinitely. This uniformity allows us to define the class variables at the metalevel thus suppressing the Smalltalk-80 ambiguity between class variables and instance variables: in our model the instance variables of a class are the class variables of its instances.
Adult attachment representations predict cortisol and oxytocin responses to stress

There are many factors contributing to individual variations in the response to stressful experiences. The present study evaluated the patterns of stress responses according to attachment representations in 28 adults from a community sample, plus 46 subjects expected to be particularly sensitive to stress, having been exposed during childhood and/or adolescence to traumatizing events such as abuse or potentially lethal illnesses. Subjects were given the Adult Attachment Interview, which provides attachment classifications, and the Trier Social Stress Test (TSST), involving an experimental psychosocial challenge. Subjective responses to the TSST, as well as saliva samples (assayed for cortisol) and blood plasma samples (assayed for ACTH and oxytocin) were collected before, during and after the stress procedure. The stress responses presented specific patterns according to attachment classifications. Subjects with an autonomous attachment classification reported relatively low subjective stress, they presented a moderate response of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis (ACTH and cortisol), and a high level of oxytocin. Subjects with a dismissing classification reported a moderate subjective stress, they presented an elevated response of the HPA axis, and moderate levels of oxytocin. Subjects with a preoccupied classification presented moderate levels of subjective stress, and of HPA response, and a relatively low level of oxytocin. Finally, subjects with an unresolved classification reported elevated subjective stress; they presented a suppressed HPA response, and moderate levels of oxytocin. These data support the notion that attachment representations may affect stress responses, and suggest a specific role of oxytocin in both the attachment system and the stress system.
Homotopical equivalence of combinatorial and categorical semantics of process algebra

It is possible to translate a modified version of K. Worytkiewicz's combinatorial semantics of CCS (Milner's Calculus of Communicating Systems) in terms of labelled precubical sets into a categorical semantics of CCS in terms of labelled flows using a geometric realization functor. It turns out that a satisfactory semantics in terms of flows requires to work directly in their homotopy category since such a semantics requires non-canonical choices for constructing cofibrant replacements, homotopy limits and homotopy colimits. No geometric information is lost since two precubical sets are isomorphic if and only if the associated flows are weakly equivalent. The interest of the categorical semantics is that combinatorics totally disappears. Last but not least, a part of the categorical semantics of CCS goes down to a pure homotopical semantics of CCS using A. Heller's privileged weak limits and colimits. These results can be easily adapted to any other process algebra for any synchronization algebra.
Biologia Plantarum Xx (x): Xxx-xxx, 20xx Characterization and Functional Analysis of Transcription Factor Zmeil1 in Maize

As key nuclear transcription factors, the ethylene-insensitive3/EIN3-like (EIN3/EIL) proteins play important roles in ethylene signal transduction pathway in various plants. In order to better understand the role of EIN3/EILs, one EIN3-like gene (designated ZmEIL1) was isolated from maize (Zea mays L.). The full-length cDNA of ZmEIL1 was 1 999 bp in length and encoded 647 amino acids. Sequence comparison of ZmEIL1 protein with other EIN3/EILs proteins revealed high conservation of five α-helices, and they could form a V-shaped cleft in a 3-D model, just like AtEIL3 in Arabidopsis thaliana. This protein showed transcriptional activation and activation domain located on the 507-647 amino acids in yeast. Furthermore, ZmEIL1 could interact with ZmERF1 in the yeast systems, which was downstream response factor in ethylene signal transduction pathway. Its mRNA could be highly induced in maize seedling by ethephon and 1-methylcyclopropene treatments. Meanwhile, ZmEIL1 showed relatively high expression at 20 d after pollination in maize kernel. These results showed that ZmEIL1 played an important role in the growth and development by participating in ethylene signalling pathway in maize.
Partners of Cancer Patients

Abstract Because the importance of partners' role in determining the adjustment of patients with cancer has become increasingly evident, partners have become the target of studies more extensively in recent years. It also is apparent that partners often suffer more psychological distress from the impact of the diagnosis than patients do. This two-part review identifies three areas of research that have not been integrated in the literature: (1) the impact of cancer on the partner across different stages of the illness trajectory, (2) gender differences in partners' reactions and adjustment, and (3) psychosocial interventions for partners. Part I focuses on the experience of cancer patients' partners, how the illness affects them, and how they adjust to and cope with the illness. Part II will review the interventions that have been developed to help patients' partners and conclude with suggestions for providing interventions specifically tailored for different populations of partners.
A System Level Performance Study on Symbol-Wise XOR Based Bi-Directional Relaying

In this paper, we investigate the system performance on decode and forward based bi-directional relaying based on symbol-wise XOR operation. This technique gives more freedom of selecting modulation and coding scheme at relay station, and significantly relaxes its transmission bottom neck. However, the performance degradation occurs when the modulation orders of both links differ from each other. To mitigate such an impact, we exploit a repetition coding scheme in conjunction with a redundant modulation code scheme by overlapping MCS levels. To this end, a system level simulation proves that the proposed scheme achieves about 40% capacity gain over bit-wise XOR based bi-directional relaying and gives additional 7% gain over symbol-wise XOR based bi-directional relaying.
Beta-Carotene, Vitamin E, MDA, Glutathione Reductase and Arylesterase Activity Levels in Patients with Active Rheumatoid Arthritis

Background: Many studies have investigated the possible role of reactive oxygen species in the etiology and pathogenesis of Rheumatoid Arthritis (RA). The aim of this study was to investigate the activities of some antioxidants in RA patients. Methods: In this case-control study, 59 RA patients and 60 healthy sex and age-matched controls were selected. Vitamin E and Beta-carotene were determined using HPLC. Erythrocytes glutathione reductase (GR) activity was measured spectrophotometrically, and malondialdehyde (MDA) was determined by colorimetric method. Arylesterase activity (AEA) was measured by Phenylacetate. The clinical data were determined by a rheumatologist, medical history and filling the questionnaire by interview. Statistical analyses were carried out using the SPSS software. Results: In patients with RA, serum MDA level was significantly higher and plasma concentration of vitamin E, Beta-carotene and GR activity, were significantly lower than healthy control (P< 0.001). AEA activity differences between two groups were non-significant. Conclusions: Oxidative stress may play an important role in the inflammation and pathogenesis of RA.
Bridged-Grain Solid-Phase-Crystallized Polycrystalline-Silicon Thin-Film Transistors

Novel bridged-grain (BG) technique is applied in the fabrication of low-temperature solid-phase-crystallized polycrystalline-silicon thin-film transistors. As a result of improved current flow and reduction of high drain electric field, the subthreshold slope, threshold voltage, maximum field-effect mobility, leakage current, and on-off ratio are greatly improved. Mechanisms of BG conduction are studied in detail.
Clouds form preferentially over native vegetation

The replacement of native vegetation for agriculture leads to significant changes in land surface characteristics, such as albedo, surface roughness and canopy resistance. These land surface changes induce changes in the atmospheric boundary layer. It is shown that in Western Australia, this change in surface characteristics and in particular, the albedo, has reduced the occurrence of convective cloud formation through limiting the vertical development of the boundary layer.
Some Management Issues in Temporary Systems: A Study of Professional Development and Manpower--The Theater Case.

This report was prepared for the Manpower Administration, United States Department of Labor, under research and development contract (grant) No. 31-0570-07-A, and under a grant from the Research Program on Management in the Arts, Graduate School of Management, UCLA. Since contractors (grantees) conducting research and development projects under Government sponsorship are encouraged to express their own judgment freely, this report does not necessarily represent the official opinion or policy of the Department of Labor. The contractor (grantee) is solely responsible for the contents of this report.
Influence of nitric oxide on in vitro growth, survival, steroidogenesis, and apoptosis of follicle stimulating hormone stimulated buffalo (Bubalus bubalis) preantral follicles

Effect of sodium nitroprusside (SNP), a nitric oxide (NO) donor, on in vitro survival, growth, steroidogenesis, and apoptosis of buffalo preantral follicles (PFs) was investigated. PFs (200~250 µm) were isolated by micro-dissection and cultured in 0 (control), 10-3, 10-5, 10-7, and 10-9 M SNP. To examine the reversible effect of SNP, PFs were cultured with 10-5 M SNP + 1 mM Nω-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester (L-NAME) or 1.0 µg hemoglobin (Hb). The results showed that greater concentrations of SNP (10-3, 10-5, 10-7 M) inhibited (p < 0.05) FSH-induced survival, growth, antrum formation, estradiol production, and oocyte apoptosis in a dose-dependent manner. However, a lower dose of SNP (10-9 M) significantly stimulated (p < 0.05) the survival, growth, antrum formation, follicular oocyte maturation, and stimulated progesterone secretion compared to the control. A combination of SNP + L-NAME promoted the inhibitor effect of SNP while a SNP + Hb combination reversed this effect. Nitrate and nitrite concentrations in the culture medium increased (p < 0.05) in a dose-dependent manner according to SNP concentration in the culture medium. At higher concentrations, SNP had a cytotoxic effect leading to follicular oocyte apoptosis whereas lower concentrations have stimulatory effects. In conclusion, NO exerts a dual effect on its development of buffalo PFs depending on the concentration in the culture medium.
DMT Optimality of LR-Aided Linear Decoders for a General Class of Channels, Lattice Designs, and System Models

This paper identifies the first general, explicit, and nonrandom MIMO encoder-decoder structures that guarantee optimality with respect to the diversity-multiplexing tradeoff (DMT), without employing a computationally expensive maximum-likelihood (ML) receiver. Specifically, the work establishes the DMT optimality of a class of regularized lattice decoders, and more importantly the DMT optimality of their lattice-reduction (LR)-aided linear counterparts. The results hold for all channel statistics, for all channel dimensions, and most interestingly, irrespective of the particular lattice-code applied. As a special case, it is established that the LLL-based LR-aided linear implementation of the MMSE-GDFE lattice decoder facilitates DMT optimal decoding of any lattice code at a worst-case complexity that grows at most linearly in the data rate. This represents a fundamental reduction in the decoding complexity when compared to ML decoding whose complexity is generally exponential in the rate. The results' generality lends them applicable to a plethora of pertinent communication scenarios such as quasi-static MIMO, MIMO-OFDM, ISI, cooperative-relaying, and MIMO-ARQ channels, in all of which the DMT optimality of the LR-aided linear decoder is guaranteed. The adopted approach yields insight, and motivates further study, into joint transceiver designs with an improved SNR gap to ML decoding.
Left Ventricular Concentric Remodeling Is Associated With Decreased Global and Regional Systolic Function: The Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis

Background—The transition from compensatory concentric remodeling to myocardial failure is not completely understood in humans. To investigate determinants of incipient myocardial dysfunction, we examined the association between concentric remodeling and regional LV function in asymptomatic participants of the Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis (MESA). Methods and Results—Myocardial tagged MRI was performed. Regional myocardial function expressed as peak systolic midwall circumferential strain (Ecc) was analyzed in 441 consecutive studies by HARP (Harmonic Phase) tool. Peak Ecc was correlated with the extent of concentric remodeling determined by the ratio of left ventricular mass to end-diastolic volume (M/V ratio). In men, a gradual decline in peak global Ecc was seen with increasing M/V ratio (test for trend, P<0.001). Among women, however, Ecc tended to be lower only in the fifth compared with the first quintile of M/V ratio (P=0.1). The association of lower Ecc with increasing M/V ratio was regionally heterogeneous but was particularly prominent in the LAD region in men (test for trend, P<0.001) and in women (test for trend, P=0.02). In the right coronary and left circumflex artery territories, these associations were less marked in both genders. Conclusions—In this cross-sectional study of asymptomatic individuals, concentric left ventricular remodeling was related to decreased regional systolic function. The reduction in regional function, which was more pronounced in the left anterior descending coronary artery territory, may reflect the local transition from compensatory remodeling to myocardial dysfunction.
Identifying User Survival Types via Clustering of Censored Social Network Data

The goal of cluster analysis in survival data is to identify clusters that are decidedly associated with the survival outcome. Previous research has explored this problem primarily in the medical domain with relatively small datasets, but the need for such a clustering methodology could arise in other domains with large datasets, such as social networks. Concretely, we wish to identify different survival classes in a social network by clustering the users based on their lifespan in the network. In this paper, we propose a decision tree based algorithm that uses a global normalization of $p$-values to identify clusters with significantly different survival distributions. We evaluate the clusters from our model with the help of a simple survival prediction task and show that our model outperforms other competing methods.
Contribution of Proton-Translocating Proteins to the Virulence of Salmonella enterica Serovars Typhimurium, Gallinarum, and Dublin in Chickens and Mice

ABSTRACT We investigated the attenuating effects of a range of respiratory chain mutations in three Salmonella serovars which might be used in the development of live vaccines. We tested mutations in nuoG, cydA, cyoA, atpB, and atpH in three serovars of Salmonella enterica: Typhimurium, Dublin, and Gallinarum. All three serovars were assessed for attenuation in their relevant virulence assays of typhoid-like infections. Serovar Typhimurium was assessed in 1-day-old chickens and the mouse. Serovar Gallinarum 9 was assessed in 3-week-old chickens, and serovar Dublin was assessed in 6-week-old mice. Our data show variation in attenuation for the nuoG, cydA, and cyoA mutations within the different serovar-host combinations. However, mutations in atpB and atpH were highly attenuating for all three serovars in the various virulence assays. Further investigation of the mutations in the atp operon showed that the bacteria were less invasive in vivo, showing reduced in vitro survival within phagocytic cells and reduced acid tolerance. We present data showing that this reduced acid tolerance is due to an inability to adapt to conditions rather than a general sensitivity to reduced pH. The data support the targeting of respiratory components for the production of live vaccines and suggest that mutations in the atp operon provide suitable candidates for broad-spectrum attenuation of a range of Salmonella serovars.
Cytokine-induced Patterns of Gene Expression in Skeletal Muscle Tissue*

Tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α) and other cytokines induce a state of negative energy balance leading to the breakdown of skeletal muscle. Leptin, another member of the cytokine superfamily, also induces a state of negative energy balance but does not alter lean body mass. The transcription profile of skeletal muscle was compared in animals treated with TNF-α or leptin or in animals pair-fed over a 7-day time course using 11,000-gene microarrays (Affymetrix, Santa Clara, CA). Ten clusters of skeletal muscle genes were identified, each of which showed significantly different expression between TNF-α treatment and pair feeding. Studies comparing leptin treatment and pair feeding revealed that both activate nearly identical programs of gene expression in skeletal muscle. These data indicate that the effects of leptin on skeletal muscle are markedly different from those of TNF-α and that the effects of leptin on skeletal muscle can be largely ascribed to its anorectic effects. Subtle differences between leptin and pair feeding were evident only after 7 days of treatment. In general, pair feeding altered gene expression after the 7-day treatment, whereas leptin did not. The effects of TNF-α on skeletal muscle are distinct from those of pair feeding, a result consistent with its known catabolic effects on this tissue. Analyses of the data from food-restricted animals also identified a set of transcriptional changes associated with this state. Further studies of many newly identified leptin-, TNF-α-, and starvation-regulated genes and the apparent coordinate regulation of these clusters may reveal important insights into the different effects of cytokines on skeletal muscle.
Polymer free Nanocomposite from Zeolite and Carbon Black as Glassy Carbon modi�er platform for Simultaneous Electrochemical Quanti�cation of Acetaminophen and Caffeine

Nanocomposite nanozeolite/acetylene black carbon was prepared by combining a type A zeolite with acetylene carbon black (AcB) and used to modify glassy carbon electrode (GCE) without polymer. The zeolite was prepared by hydrothermal method using natural kaolin. The physicochemical characterization of the composite showed a well-integrated composite in which the cubic crystal of the zeolite A and the graphitic aggregate of the carbon black were maintained. The electrochemical impedance spectroscopy study revealed that the composite �lm GCE (ZA-AcB/GCE) prepared by drop coating displayed a higher kinetic charge transfer compared to pristine zeolite modi�ed GCE (ZA/GCE) and bare GCE. ZA-AcB/GCE, ZA/GCE and GCE were subsequently used to investigate the electrochemical behaviour of acetaminophen (AC) in acidic, neutral and alkaline pHs. The results demonstrate a good electrocatalytic property toward AC at composite �lm GCE in all these electrolytes compared to bare GCE and con�rm the dependence of the electrochemical reaction mechanism of AC on the electrolyte’s pHs. Under optimal conditions, ZA-AcB/GCE exhibited higher sensitivity and selectivity toward both analytes taken individually or simultaneously within large concentration range: 0.5–89 µM for AC and 5–99 µM for CAF with the respective limit of detection of 0.38 and 0.82 µM. The developed sensors were applied successfully in the quanti�cation of the both analytes in pharmaceutical tablets.
Spectral analysis of systemic arterial pressure and heart rate signals as a prognostic tool for the prediction of patient outcome in the intensive care unit.

OBJECTIVES To evaluate the applicability of changes in spectra of systemic arterial pressure and heart rate signals in the prediction of patient outcome in an adult intensive care unit (ICU). To compare the prognostic predictability of this method with the Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation II (APACHE II) scoring system. DESIGN Prospective data collection from 52 ICU patients. SETTING Adult ICU at a large, university-affiliated, medical center. PATIENTS Consecutive patients who were admitted to the adult ICU due to noncardiac emergencies, and who remained for at least 2 days. INTERVENTIONS None. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS The demographic data, diagnosis, and survival data were recorded for each patient enrolled in this study. For the period between admission and 24 hrs before discharge, the APACHE II score was tabulated daily. Likewise, continuous, on-line, and real-time spectral analysis of systemic arterial pressure and heart rate signals was carried out every day for at least 30 mins at 2200 to 2400 hrs. The averaged power density values during this 30-min recording period of the high-frequency (0.15 to 0.4 Hz), low-frequency (0.08 to 0.15 Hz), and very low-frequency (0.016 to 0.08 Hz) components of systemic arterial pressure and heart rate signals were subsequently computed. Systemic vascular resistance index and cardiac index were also determined daily. We observed a trend of changes in the spectral components of systemic arterial pressure and heart rate signals in patients who eventually survived (n = 25) or died (n = 27). Progressive increases in the power density values of both the low-frequency and very low-frequency components of systemic arterial pressure and heart rate signals appeared to be related to recovery. Conversely, progressive decreases in the power density values of these spectral components was indicative of deterioration and fatality. The predicted outcome based on the trend of changes in the low-frequency and very low-frequency components of systemic arterial pressure and heart rate signals correlated positively with daily APACHE II scores. No direct correlation, however, was indicated by mean systemic arterial pressure, heart rate, systemic vascular resistance index, and cardiac index. We also confirmed that the differential trend of spectral changes in patients who survived or died was not due to circadian rhythm, nor alterations in the responsiveness of the blood vessels to intravenous infusion of dopamine. CONCLUSION Power spectral analysis of systemic arterial pressure and heart rate signals offers a reasonable means of monitoring acute, critically ill patients, and may be used as an alternative prognostic tool for the prediction of patient outcome in the ICU.