Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Amelioration of selenium toxicity by arsenicals and cysteine.

Young chicks exhibited a 61% reduction in weight gain when a corn-soybean meal diet was supplemented with 15 mg/kg Se provided as Na selenite. The same level of Se provided as selenomethionine depressed weight gain by 32%. Supplementing the high selenite diet with isoarsenous (14 mg/kg As) additions of As2O5, As2O3, phenylarsonic acid, phenylarsine oxide and roxarsone ameliorated the Se-induced growth depression: As2O5 almost totally restored growth rate; As2O3, phenylarsonic acid and phenylarsine oxide gave intermediate responses; and roxarsone gave only a small ameliorative growth response. Arsanilic acid was without effect in stimulating growth rate of selenite-intoxicated chicks. Dietary addition of . 4% L-cysteine produced a growth response in selenite intoxicated chicks that was somewhat greater than that obtained with roxarsone; administering both roxarsone and cysteine corrected growth better than either compound given singly. Both roxarsone and As2O5 also effectively ameliorated the Se-toxicity growth depression caused by selenomethionine (15 mg Se/kg) supplementation, but cysteine showed no efficacy against morbidity caused by this form of Se. Liver Se concentration was elevated 10-fold by selenite and 25-fold by selenomethionine supplementation. The arsenic compounds had varying effects on liver Se, whereas cysteine tended to increase Se concentration. These findings suggest that both inorganic and organic arsenicals as well as cysteine ameliorate selenium toxicity by different mechanisms.
Identiﬁcation and Characterization of a New Cross-Reactive Human Immunodeﬁciency Virus Type 1-Neutralizing Human Monoclonal Antibody

The identiﬁcation and characterization of new human monoclonal antibodies (hMAbs) able to neutralize primary human immunodeﬁciency virus type 1 (HIV-1) isolates from different subtypes may help in our understanding of the mechanisms of virus entry and neutralization and in the development of entry inhibitors and vaccines. For enhanced selection of broadly cross-reactive antibodies, soluble HIV-1 envelope glycoproteins (Envs proteins) from two isolates complexed with two-domain soluble CD4 (sCD4) were alternated during panning of a phage-displayed human antibody library; these two Env proteins (89.6 and IIIB gp140s), and one additional Env (JR-FL gp120) alone and complexed with sCD4 were used for screening. An antibody with relatively long HCDR3 (17 residues), designated m14, was identiﬁed that bound to all antigens and neutralized heterologous HIV-1 isolates in multiple assay formats. Fab m14 potently neutralized selected well-character- ized subtype B isolates, including JRCSF, 89.6, IIIB, and Yu2. Immunoglobulin G1 (IgG1) m14 was more potent than Fab m14 and neutralized 7 of 10 other clade B isolates; notably, although the potency was on average signiﬁcantly lower than that of IgG1 b12, IgG1 m14 neutralized two of the isolates with signiﬁcantly lower 50% inhibitory concentrations than did IgG1 b12. IgG1 m14 neutralized four of four selected clade C isolates with potency higher than that of IgG1 b12. It also neutralized 7 of 17 clade C isolates from southern Africa that were difﬁcult to neutralize with other hMAbs and sCD4. IgG1 m14 neutralized four of seven primary HIV-1 isolates from other clades (A, D, E, and F) much more efﬁciently than did IgG1 b12; for the other three isolates, IgG b12 was much more potent. Fab m14 bound with high (nanomolar range) afﬁnity to gp120 and gp140 from various isolates; its binding was reduced by soluble CD4 and antibodies recognizing the CD4 binding site (CD4bs) on gp120, and its footprint as deﬁned by alanine-scanning mutagenesis overlaps that of b12. These results suggest that m14 is a novel CD4bs cross-reactive HIV-1-neutralizing antibody that exhibits a different inhibitory proﬁle compared to the only known potent broadly neutralizing CD4bs human antibody, b12, and may have implications for our understanding of the mechanisms of immune evasion and for the development of inhibitors and vaccines.
The MEKK-JNK Pathway Is Stimulated by α1-Adrenergic Receptor and Ras Activation and Is Associated with in Vitroand in Vivo Cardiac Hypertrophy*

In neonatal rat ventricular myocytes, stimulation of the α1-adrenergic receptor (α1-AdrR) activates a program of genetic and morphological changes characterized by transcriptional activation of the atrial natriuretic factor (ANF) gene and enlargement (hypertrophy) of the cells. The low molecular weight GTPase Ras has been established as an important regulator of hypertrophy bothin vitro and in vivo. Ras activates a kinase cascade involving Raf, the mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase (MEK), and the extracellular signal-regulated protein kinase (ERK). However, the extent of involvement of this pathway in regulating hypertrophic responses is controversial. We demonstrate here that both α1-AdrR stimulation and Ras can also activate the c-Jun NH2-terminal kinase (JNK) in cardiomyocytes. The α1-AdrR effect on JNK occurs through a pathway requiring Ras and MEK kinase (MEKK). A constitutively activated mutant of MEKK that preferentially activates JNK, stimulates ANF reporter gene expression, while a dominant negative MEKK mutant inhibits ANF expression induced by PE. Furthermore, JNK activity is increased in the ventricles of mice overexpressing oncogenic Ras, whereas ERK activity is not. These results suggest that the α1-AdrR mediates ANF gene expression through a Ras-MEKK-JNK pathway and that activation of this pathway is associated with in vitro and in vivo hypertrophy.
Türkiye’De Hisse Senedi Ile Döviz, Mevduat, Altın, Konut Piyasaları Arasındaki Eşbütünleşme İlişkilerinin Analizi (Cointegration Analysis between Stock Exchange and TL/FX Saving Deposits, Gold, Housing Markets in Turkey)

The paper asks whether the return of Borsa Istanbul100 index has long term relations with U.S. Dollar to Turkish Lira (TL) exchange rate, London Bullion Market Association (LMBA) gold fixing price, interest rate on TL saving deposit, and real house price index over the period of 2000:01-2014:07 in Turkey. We first test stationary of time series through Augmented Dickey Fuller, Phillips-Perron, Zivot-Andrews, and Lee-Strazicich unit root tests. Then, we perform Johansen cointegration test and multiple structural breaks cointegration test of Maki (2012). Johansen cointegration test suggests that there is a long term relationship among the variables, but Maki cointegration estimation do not provide evidence for the existence of cointegration. According to the latter result, we may argue that TL/FX saving deposits, gold, and housing markets in Turkey, having probably different investment dynamics and investor profile, may not integrate or compete with stock market under the impacts of structural breaks. This outcome may also imply that the policies on the development of stock market and contributions of stock market to the growth may have some structural limitations.
Colostral immunoglobulin concentrations in Holstein and Guernsey cows.

OBJECTIVE To compare the concentration of IgG in colostrum between Holstein and Guernsey cows and among cows of various lactations. DESIGN Cross-sectional cohort study. SAMPLE POPULATION Colostrum samples from 77 Holstein and 24 Guernsey cows. PROCEDURE Colostrum samples were obtained from 101 cows. Colostral IgG concentration was determined, using a radial immunodiffusion assay. Regression analysis was used to determine the effect of breed and lactation number on colostral IgG concentration. Survival analysis and t-tests were used to compare the proportion of colostrum samples that would provide 100 g of IgG for various volumes of colostral intake. RESULTS Guernsey cows produced 36.4 g of IgG/L of colostrum more than that of Holstein cows. Cows in the third or greater lactation produced 19.5 g of IgG/L of colostrum more than that of first-lactation cows. The IgG concentration of colostrum produced by second-lactation cows did not differ significantly from that produced by first-lactation cows. The colostral IgG concentration of these Holstein and Guernsey cows was higher than values that have been reported elsewhere. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE Volume of colostrum needed to meet IgG intake goals is probably lower for Guernsey cows than Holstein cows. Colostrum from first-lactation cows was adequate in IgG content. The practice of discarding colostrum from first-lactation cows on the basis of inadequate IgG content was not justified in this study.
A Model of Implementable SMT Processor on FPGA

Recent improvements of FPGA technology in its clock frequency, density and configuration cost enable to implement large-scale, complex circuit. In these days, many systems adopt FPGA so that the processor in FPGA will be required higher performance. This paper focuses on Simultaneous Multithreaded (SMT) architecture, one of multithreading technology that improves performance. We suggest implementable model of SMT processor on FPGA designing SMT processor and memory controller in hardware description language. As a result, a model that contains SMT processor, cache memory, memory controller is able to implement on single FPGA. Furthermore, we indicate efficient hardware use with internal
Significance of quantitative assessment of estrogen receptors for endocrine therapy in advanced breast cancer

The predictive significance of quantitative assessment of estrogen receptors in tumor tissue was analyzed in women with advanced breast carcinoma. Receptor concentration was measured by the 3H‐estradiol binding capacity of the cytosol fraction of biopsies taken before initiation of the treatment. The E. O. R. T. C. criteria for the assessment of the patients' response were used. In a total of 34 assessments, 25 biopsies contained receptors; the remaining ones were negative. Objective remission to various endocrine therapies was recorded in only eight of the receptor‐positive patients. Responses occurred along the whole scale of receptor concentrations with an apparent crowding in the region of the higher values. Linear logistic regression analysis revealed that among 12 variables of known prognostic value, receptor concentration was the most significant in relation to therapeutic response. Other significant variables were bone involvement and age. Computations yielded formulas that are presented in graph form and provide an estimate of the probability of a given patient to respond to endocrine treatments. On the other hand, the results suggest that all patients are possibly hormone dependent, although to variable degrees. The latter concept has very definite therapeutic implications.
NAC Transcription Factor SPEEDY HYPONASTIC GROWTH Regulates Flooding-Induced Leaf Movement in Arabidopsis[W]

In rosette plants, waterlogging triggers an upward (hyponastic) leaf movement that positions the photosynthetically active organs above the rising water level. This work reports the identification of a transcriptional regulator that affects this response by regulating the expression of its direct target gene, ACO5, encoding ACC oxidase, a key enzyme of ethylene biosynthesis. In rosette plants, root flooding (waterlogging) triggers rapid upward (hyponastic) leaf movement representing an important architectural stress response that critically determines plant performance in natural habitats. The directional growth is based on localized longitudinal cell expansion at the lower (abaxial) side of the leaf petiole and involves the volatile phytohormone ethylene (ET). We report the existence of a transcriptional core unit underlying directional petiole growth in Arabidopsis thaliana, governed by the NAC transcription factor SPEEDY HYPONASTIC GROWTH (SHYG). Overexpression of SHYG in transgenic Arabidopsis thaliana enhances waterlogging-triggered hyponastic leaf movement and cell expansion in abaxial cells of the basal petiole region, while both responses are largely diminished in shyg knockout mutants. Expression of several EXPANSIN and XYLOGLUCAN ENDOTRANSGLYCOSYLASE/HYDROLASE genes encoding cell wall–loosening proteins was enhanced in SHYG overexpressors but lowered in shyg. We identified ACC OXIDASE5 (ACO5), encoding a key enzyme of ET biosynthesis, as a direct transcriptional output gene of SHYG and found a significantly reduced leaf movement in response to root flooding in aco5 T-DNA insertion mutants. Expression of SHYG in shoot tissue is triggered by root flooding and treatment with ET, constituting an intrinsic ET-SHYG-ACO5 activator loop for rapid petiole cell expansion upon waterlogging.
Determination of the Downwelling Diffuse Attenuation Coefficient of Lake Water with the Sentinel-3A OLCI

The Ocean and Land Color Imager (OLCI) on the Sentinel-3A satellite, which was launched by the European Space Agency in 2016, is a new-generation water color sensor with a spatial resolution of 300 m and 21 bands in the range of 400–1020 nm. The OLCI is important to the expansion of remote sensing monitoring of inland waters using water color satellite data. In this study, we developed a dual band ratio algorithm for the downwelling diffuse attenuation coefficient at 490 nm (Kd(490)) for the waters of Lake Taihu, a large shallow lake in China, based on data measured during seven surveys conducted between 2008 and 2017 in combination with Sentinel-3A-OLCI data. The results show that: (1) Compared to the available Kd(490) estimation algorithms, the dual band ratio (681 nm/560 nm and 754 nm/560 nm) algorithm developed in this study had a higher estimation accuracy (N = 26, coefficient of determination (R2) = 0.81, root-mean-square error (RMSE) = 0.99 m−1 and mean absolute percentage error (MAPE) = 19.55%) and validation accuracy (N = 14, R2 = 0.83, RMSE = 1.06 m−1 and MAPE = 27.30%), making it more suitable for turbid inland waters; (2) A comparison of the OLCI Kd(490) product and a similar Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) product reveals a high consistency between the OLCI and MODIS products in terms of the spatial distribution of Kd(490). However, the OLCI product has a smoother spatial distribution and finer textural characteristics than the MODIS product and contains notably higher-quality data; (3) The Kd(490) values for Lake Taihu exhibit notable spatial and temporal variations. Kd(490) is higher in seasons with relatively high wind speeds and in open waters that are prone to wind- and wave-induced sediment resuspension. Finally, the Sentinel-3A-OLCI has a higher spatial resolution and is equipped with a relatively wide dynamic range of spectral bands suitable for inland waters. The Sentinel-3B satellite will be launched soon and, together with the Sentinel-3A satellite, will form a two-satellite network with the ability to make observations twice every three days. This satellite network will have a wider range of application and play an important role in the monitoring of inland waters with complex optical properties.
Comparison of the Ahmed Glaucoma Valve, the Krupin Eye Valve with Disk, and the Double-plate Molteno Implant

ObjectiveTo compare the efficacy of the nonvalved double-plate Molteno implant with two valved implants, the Krupin Eye Valve with Disc and the Ahmed Glaucoma Valve, in the treatment of recalcitrant glaucoma. Patients and MethodsThe authors performed a nonrandomized retrospective review of patients who received the Molteno implant (n = 27), Krupin Eye Valve with Disc (n = 13), or Ahmed Glaucoma Valve (n = 13), with adjunctive mitomycin C. ResultsKaplan-Meier life-table analysis showed that the Molteno implant patients were more likely to maintain an intraocular pressure between 5 and 15 mm Hg than Ahmed Glaucoma Valve patients (P = 0.03). Success rates at 1 year were 80% (95% CI, 66–97%) for the Molteno implant, 39% (19–77%) for the Krupin Eye Valve with Disc, and 35% (15–82%) for the Ahmed Glaucoma Valve. However, Ahmed Glaucoma Valve patients were less likely to experience complications requiring reoperation or loss of two or more lines of visual acuity (P < 0.01) than Molteno implant or Krupin Eye Valve with Disc patients. ConclusionsThis nonrandomized study suggests that the Molteno implant with mitomycin C is more likely to result in intraocular pressures in the lower teens than the Ahmed Glaucoma Valve with mitomycin C. The findings suggest that the Ahmed implant is less likely to create problems leading to reoperations or visual acuity loss than the Molteno or Krupin implants.
Simultaneous mapping and planning for autonomous underwater vehicles in unknown environments

New potential applications of autonomous underwater vehicles (AUVs) involve operations in unknown and cluttered environments, therefore increasing the vehicle exposure to collisions. To cope with these situations, we use an AUV framework for planning collision-free paths in unknown environments, which adapt and replan the paths according to nearby obstacles perceived during the mission execution using different range sensing sonar. We present simulation and real-world results for the SPARUS-II AUV, a torpedo-shaped vehicle, performing autonomous missions.
US Stock Market And Macroeconomic Factors

This paper analyzes the relationship between the US stock market and some relevant US macroeconomic factors, such as gross domestic product, the consumer price index, the industrial production index, the unemployment rate and long-term interest rates. All the relevant factors show statistically significant relationships with the stock market except for the consumer price index, and the signs are consistent with the findings of previous literature.
Microtubule‐binding protein CLIP‐170 is a mediator of paclitaxel sensitivity

CLIP‐170 is a microtubule‐binding protein and participates in diverse microtubule‐associated cellular activities by regulating microtubule dynamics. Here we provide evidence that CLIP‐170 is a mediator of the sensitivity of the anti‐microtubule drug paclitaxel in breast cancer. In vitro cell proliferation assays reveal that CLIP‐170 expression in breast cancer cell lines correlates with their sensitivity to paclitaxel. In addition, CLIP‐170 expression in clinical samples of breast cancer correlates with the pathological response of tumours to paclitaxel‐containing chemotherapy. Mitotic index and caspase‐3 activity analyses reveal that CLIP‐170 increases the abilities of paclitaxel to block cell cycle progression at mitosis and to induce apoptosis in breast cancer cells. By microtubule sedimentation assay and binding affinity analysis, we further find that CLIP‐170 promotes paclitaxel binding to microtubules. In vitro tubulin polymerization assay shows that CLIP‐170 enhances the activity of paclitaxel to promote microtubule assembly. These results demonstrate that CLIP‐170 mediates paclitaxel sensitivity in breast cancer via a microtubule‐dependent mechanism. Copyright © 2012 Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Why Do SMEs Go Green? An Analysis of Wine Firms in South Africa

Studies on why small and medium enterprises (SMEs) engage in pro-environmental behavior suggest that managers’ environmental responsibility plays a relatively greater role than competitiveness and legitimacy-seeking. These categories of drivers are mostly considered independent of each other. Using survey data and comparative case studies of wine firms in South Africa, this study finds that managers’ environmental responsibility is indeed the key driver in a context where state regulation hardly plays any role in regulating dispersed, rural firms. However, especially proactive firms are also characterized by expectations of competitiveness gains. The authors thus emphasize the role of institutional context and potential interaction effects between these drivers in explaining the reasons why SMEs engage in pro-environmental behavior in developing countries.
Recent insights into life expectancy with and without dialysis

Purpose of review Elderly patients comprise the fastest growing population initiating dialysis and also experience the worst outcomes, including increased mortality, loss of functional status, and impaired quality of life. Nephrologists are often challenged with how best to engage in dialysis decision-making discussions within this population. Prognostication tools can assist nephrologists in engaging in these discussions, especially in patients for whom survival benefits may be outweighed by the burdens of treatment. Recent findings This review includes the latest research in the survival of elderly patients with and without dialysis; prognostic factors associated with renal progression and survival; and integrative prognostic models to predict both short-term and long-term prognosis. The concept of kidney illness disease trajectory is defined with important outcomes including survival, health-related quality of life, and symptoms with and without dialysis. This prognostic information will then be integrated into an individualized approach to shared decision-making regarding treatment decision-making. Box 1. no caption available Summary Treatment decision-making for elderly patients with advanced kidney disease necessitates an active process between nephrologist and patient, incorporating medical information as well as patient preferences. Prognostic information and observational data can facilitate nephrologists’ ability to foresee and foretell the illness trajectory both with and without dialysis, further guiding these conversations.
Broad-scale movements of juvenile white sharks Carcharodon carcharias in eastern Australia from acoustic and satellite telemetry

The advent of electronic tagging has seen vast advances in our understanding of marine top-order predator movements over broad spatial scales. However, most studies are restricted to short temporal scales. We examined movements of 43 juvenile white sharks Carcharodon carcharias (1.7− 3.2 m total length) in eastern Australia via satellite-linked radio tags (SLRTs) and internally implanted long-life acoustic tags, the latter monitored by receiver arrays spanning a continental scale and across international boundaries. Although SLRT data were restricted to less than 2 yr, the study registered approximately 182 000 detections of acoustic-tagged white sharks on 287 receivers over 7 yr, with individual tracking periods of up to 5 yr. Data reveal complex movement patterns over distances of thousands of kilometres and 13° of latitude, with sharks ranging from the southern Great Barrier Reef, Queensland, to Tasmania and across the Tasman Sea to New Zealand. Sharks showed a variety of movement patterns, including annual fidelity to spatially restricted nursery areas, directed seasonal coastal movements, intermittent areas of temporary nearshore residency and offshore excursions into the Tasman Sea. Movements east to west through Bass Strait were restricted, further supporting the 2-population model for the species in Australian waters. The latitudinal range of movements increased with years at liberty, and female sharks were more commonly encountered than males in nearshore waters. Long-term monitoring of acoustic-tagged sharks via data sharing through collaborative national and international receiver arrays offers future pro mise to examine movements over periods relevant to ontogenetic changes and at scales providing context to interannual variability.