Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Systems, perturbations, and excellence

The field of giftedness and gifted education is about 100-years (plus/minus) old. Whether traced back to Stern or to Terman, or to anybody else, it has encompassed a millennium of thinking about and studying the intellectually gifted and educating them. In their centerpiece for this issue, Ziegler and Phillipson take these 100 years of research and practice and attempt to bring the field to a new level. This new level is distinct in its systems approach to the field – the point is not to focus exclusively or predominantly on an individual and his/her potential, trajectory, and products, but to refocus the field on the systemic context of giftedness. This perspective changes the accent of the field by thinking less about “who” is able to demonstrate exceptional intellectual performance and more about “what” conditions permit the emergence of such performance. This new systems approach clearly brings many interesting topics to the discussion, some new and some old, but now organized in a complex structure. Thus, the concept of an actiotope, a component of the system that is potentiated with exceptionality, is a system itself. This “system-within-a-system” includes the action repertoire, goals, the environment, and subjective action space – all complex systemic structures on their own, which are introduced and described in detail by Ziegler and Phillipson. This “system-within-a-system” to the n degree approach is well thought through and provides much food for thought. Yet, while reading the text, I had a thought about what might be missing in this elegant and complex structure crafted by Ziegler and Phillipson. The remainder of this commentary will explicate that thought of mine. When the words “systems” or “systemic approach” are used in psychology, inevitably, just by association, a whole family of works on the fundamentals of this generic approach is thought of (Oyama, Griffiths, & Gray, 2001; Spencer et al., 2009; Thelen & Smith, 1994). In particular, the concept of perturbation comes to mind – a reshuffling of the system, which can change or eliminate old and introduce new attractors, re-defining a self-regulating system and its feedback loops until a new perturbation occurs.
Demographic And Situational Correlates Of Business Travel

Using the responses from 749 business travelers to Alaska, this study examined demographic variables as background factors and situational variables as trip-specific factors which could affect business travel. These variables were used in multiple regression analyses as independent variables in an effort to identify their influence on pre-trip, on-location, and post-trip behaviors and attitudes. The demographic and situational variables accounted for 7 to 23% ofthe variance in business travel behaviors and attitudes. Situational variablesproved to be stronger correlates than demographics and mayprovide a better basis for developing marketing strategy for business travelers. The most important situational variables were (1) whether the traveler combined business with pleasure, and (2) whether the traveler traveled to fulfill a staff or line function.
Subtypes of aggressive behaviors: A developmental perspective

Aggressive behaviors in children and adolescents have undergone important conceptual and definitional modifications in the past two decades. In particular, subtypes of aggression have been proposed that separate the form and the function of the aggressive behaviors (i.e., social vs. physical aggression; reactive vs. proactive aggression). Moreover, new methodological tools have been developed to examine the developmental course of these subtypes, as well as their correlates. These conceptual and methodological innovations, in turn, have introduced new views of the development of aggressive behaviors. These “new views” contrast with more traditional perspectives about the evolution of aggressive behaviors from infancy to young adulthood, particularly with respect to the existence of individuals who begin to become aggressive by adolescence only. This article gives an overview of these definitional, conceptual, and methodological innovations. It also tries to reconcile different views about the development of aggressive behaviors from infancy through early adulthood. Theoretical and practical/clinical implications are also reviewed. The conclusion describes an integrative framework and identifies possible areas of research for the future.
Szemerédi ’ s Theorem and The Green-Tao Theorem 2 . 1

Additive combinatorics is the branch of combinatorics where the objects of study are subsets of the integers or of other abelian groups, and one is interested in properties and patterns that can be expressed in terms of linear equations. More generally, arithmetic combinatorics deals with properties and patterns that can be expressed via additions and multiplications. In the past ten years, additive and arithmetic combinatorics have been extremely successful areas of mathematics, featuring a convergence of techniques from graph theory, analysis and ergodic theory. They have helped prove long-standing open questions in additive number theory, and they offer much promise of future progress. Techniques from additive and arithmetic combinatorics have found several applications in computer science too, to property testing, pseudorandomness, PCP constructions, lower bounds, and extractor constructions. Typically, whenever a technique from additive or arithmetic combinatorics becomes understood by computer scientists, it finds some application. Considering that there is still a lot of additive and arithmetic combinatorics that computer scientists do not understand (and, the field being very active, even more will be developed in the near future), there seems to be much potential for future connections and applications.
Covert narrative capacity: Mental life in patients thought to lack consciousness

Despite the apparent absence of external signs of consciousness, a significant proportion of behaviorally nonresponsive patients can respond to commands by willfully modulating their brain activity. However, little is known about the mental life of these patients. We discuss a recent innovative approach, which sheds light on the preserved cognitive capacities of these patients, including executive function, theory of mind, and the experience of affective states. This research represents a fundamental shift in our understanding of these patients, and has important implications for both their continued treatment and care. Moreover, this research marks out avenues for future inquiry into the residual cognitive capacities of these patients.
The place of appraisal in emotion

Abstract The concept of “appraisal” has been used in the literature in a dual way: to refer to the content of emotional experience, as well as to the cognitive antecedents of emotions. I argue that appraisal in the former sense is what is contained in information in self-reports and that this information is of limited use for making inferences on emotion antecedents. This is so because emotional experience may contain appraisals that are part of the emotional response rather than belonging to its causes. They often result from elaboration of the experience after it has begun to be generated. Although in most or all emotions some cognitive appraisal processes are essential antecedents, these processes may be much simpler than self-reports (and the semantics of emotion words) may suggest. The appraisal processes that account for emotion elicitation can be assumed to be of a quite elementary kind.
Interleukin-12 (IL-12p70) Promotes Induction of Highly Potent Th1-Like CD4+CD25+ T Regulatory Cells That Inhibit Allograft Rejection in Unmodified Recipients

In rat models, CD4+CD25+ T regulatory cells (Treg) play a key role in the induction and maintenance of antigen-specific transplant tolerance, especially in DA rats with PVG cardiac allografts (1, 2). We have previously described generation of alloantigen-specific Treg (Ts1), by culture of naïve natural CD4+CD25+ Treg (nTreg) with specific alloantigen and IL-2 for 4 days. These cells express mRNA for IFN-γ receptor (ifngr) and suppress donor but not third party cardiac allograft rejection mediated by alloreactive CD4+ T cells at ratios of <1:10. Here, we show that Ts1 also expressed the IL-12p70 specific receptor (il-12rβ2) and that rIL-12p70 can induce their proliferation. Ts1 cells re-cultured with rIL-12p70 alone or rIL-12p70 and recombinant interleukin-2 (rIL-2), suppressed proliferation of CD4+ T cells in mixed lymphocyte culture at <1:1024, whereas Ts1 cells re-cultured with rIL-2 and alloantigen only suppressed at 1:32–64. The rIL-12p70 alloactivated Ts1 cells markedly delayed PVG, but not third party Lewis, cardiac allograft rejection in normal DA recipients. Ts1 cells re-cultured for 4 days with rIL-12p70 alone, but not those re-cultured with rIL-12p70 and rIL-2, expressed more il-12rβ2, t-bet, and ifn-γ, and continued to express the markers of Ts1 cells, foxp3, ifngr, and il-5 indicating Th1-like Treg were induced. Ts1 cells re-cultured with rIL-2 and alloantigen remained of the Ts1 phenotype and did not suppress cardiac graft rejection in normal DA rats. We induced highly suppressive Th1-like Treg from naïve nTreg in 7 days by culture with alloantigen, first with rIL-2 then with rIL-12p70. These Th1-like Treg delayed specific donor allograft rejection demonstrating therapeutic potential.
Training and bone – from health to injury

Mechanical load through physical activity has been shown to be one of the best stimuli to increase the bone strength. This effect of mechanical load accounts for both the accrual of bone mineral and structural skeletal adaptations. Exercise prescription also includes a “window of opportunity” in the late pre‐ and early peri‐pubertal period, where exercise is supposed to insert the most obvious beneficial effects, even if physical activity provides recordable skeletal benefits during all growth. There is also evidence that benefits in bone mass and bone structure obtained by mechanical load during growth may be maintained at advanced age. The notion that former male athletes have lower fracture risk than expected by age, support this view. Physical activity could therefore to be recommended at growth and adolescence as one possible strategy to reduce the future burden of fragility fractures.
A NEW KIND OF READING AND WRITING SPACE: THE ONLINE COURSE SITE

_____________ This article examines theoretical contexts for such reading, and suggests links between theory, pedagogy, and student perspectives. _____________ Whether the traditional bricks-and-mortar college writing classroom embraces current-pedagogy, its work throughout the semester can be considered as a story that can be read in the course documents and in the assignments students write. The syllabus, outlining processes with a beginning, middle, and end, embodies narrative structure and expectations. Action will begin; assignments will support and expand it; students will struggle with and (we all hope) master a major project or so (this is the climax/es). Through this process they will learn (i.e., have an epiphany), and reflect afterward, as they integrate what they've learned into their existing knowledge (denouement or resolution). The hierarchical nature of power relations in such a classroom—the teacher teaches, evaluates, and tells or writes while the students learn, listen, and read—echoes its essentially sequential structure. Thus the expected modus operandi in such classrooms is structured around narrative, hierarchy, and reading. Students enrolled in this traditional classroom can predict, assess, or " read " its story based upon their prior experience: its rhetorical situations, power relations, requirements, personalities, expectations, and responsibilities. They have spent years becoming familiar with
Comparing traffic engineering objective functions

We compare and evaluate how well-known and novel network-wide objective functions for Traffic Engineering (TE) algorithms fulfil TE requirements. To compare the objective functions we model the TE problem as a linear program and solve it to optimality, thus finding for each objective function the best possible target of any heuristic TE algorithm. Our first results on the GÉANT network suggest that they can give quite different results.
Female Preservice Teachers and Mathematics: Anxiety, Beliefs, and Stereotypes

The purpose of the current study was to examine if preservice teachers’ (PSTs) mathematics anxiety decreased and if their beliefs and stereotypes changed after they completed their early childhood mathematics methods course. It was hypothesized that by using and modeling concrete materials or manipulatives (Thompson, 1992; Vinson, 2001) and placing a greater emphasis on conceptual understanding (Bursal & Paznokas, 2006), two strategies identified as reducing PSTs’ mathematics anxiety, negative beliefs, and stereotypes that are associated with math anxiety, would diminish. Thirty preservice teachers, all female, participated in this study. Using a qualitative research approach, measures included midcourse evaluations, a draw-a-mathematician task (Mewborn & Cross 2007), the Abbreviated Math Anxiety Scale (Hopko, Mahadevan, Bare, & Hunt, 2003), and anecdotal notes. Although we were encouraged that the math anxiety experienced by our preservice teachers slightly decreased by the end of the semester, it was discouraging to find minimal change of beliefs and stereotypes of mathematicians. This confirms that many preservice teachers enter teacher education programs with well-established images of how to do school, along with entrenched beliefs about mathematics and their ability to do math (Vacc & Bright 1999) and these beliefs are very difficult to change.
Cane of Love: Parental Attitudes towards Corporal Punishment in Korea

This study explores parental beliefs, values and behaviour in relation to parenting practices, in particular, attitudes to corporal punishment. Qualitative methodologies were used; semi-structured in-depth interviews with 34 participants. The findings suggest that although the Korean family has undergone many changes, the traditional cultural value that it is the parents' right to discipline their children is still supported. Furthermore, most discipline is exercised through physical chastisement. However, there was a sense of ambivalence about the appropriateness of using physical chastisement. This suggests there is a lack of a framework which sees children's healthy development as needing to be fostered. This study concludes that there is a need for a meaningful national consensus as to the best ways of translating legislation into reality. What children need to develop healthily, raising awareness of how children are harmed, and the legitimacy of corporal punishment should be addressed through national debate. The main aim has to be to promote the safety and welfare of children.
Aberrant promoter methylation profile of prostate cancers and its relationship to clinicopathological features.

PURPOSE We investigated the aberrant methylation profile of prostate cancers and correlated the data with clinical findings. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN Gene promoter methylation was analyzed in 101 prostate cancer samples. In addition, we analyzed 32 nonmalignant prostate tissue samples, which included 25 with benign disease, benign prostatic hypertrophy, or prostatitis, and 7 normal tissues adjacent to cancer. The methylation status of 10 genes was determined. The methylation index (MI) was calculated as a reflection of the methylated fraction of the genes examined. RESULTS Methylation percentages of the genes tested in prostate cancers were: RARbeta, 53%; RASSF1A, 53%; GSTP1, 36%; CDH13, 31%; APC, 27%; CDH1, 27%; FHIT, 15%; p16(INK4A), 3%; DAPK, 1%; and MGMT, 0%. Methylation percentages in nonmalignant tissues were much lower. For clinicopathological correlations, we divided the cancer cases into low (6 or less) or high (7 or more) Gleason score (GS) groups, and into low (8 ng/ml or less) or high (greater than 8 ng/ml) preoperative serum prostate-specific antigen (PSA) groups. Methylation of RASSF1A, GSTP1, RARbeta, and CDH13 genes was significantly more frequent in the high GS group than in the low GS group. Methylation of RASSF1A, CDH1, and GSTP1 genes was significantly more frequent in the high PSA group than in the low PSA group. The median MIs were significantly higher in the high GS and the high PSA groups. According to the Spearman rank-correlation test, there was significant correlation between MI and GS (coefficient = 0.43, P < 0.0001) and the preoperative serum PSA (coefficient = 0.37, P = 0.0003). CONCLUSIONS Our results indicate that the methylation profile of prostate cancers correlates with clinicopathological features of poor prognosis.
Nonuniform Bribery

We study the concept of bribery in the situation where voters are willing to change their votes as we ask them, but where their prices depend on the nature of the change we request. Our model is an extension of the one of Faliszewski et al. [9], where each voter has a single price for any change we may ask for. We show polynomial-time algorithms for our version of bribery for a broad range of voting protocols, including plurality, veto, approval, and utility-based voting. In addition we prove NP-completeness for a couple of our nonuniform bribery problems for weighted voters, and give approximation algorithms for two NP-complete bribery problems defined in [9].
Personal Strength and Finding Meaning in Conjugally Bereaved Older Adults: A Four-Year Prospective Analysis

This study was performed to identify the patterns and mechanisms of the development of personal strength of bereaved older adults over a 4-year period after spousal death. The findings showed that while bereaved older adults, on average, experienced a moderate level of personal strength at 6 months post-spousal death with a slight increase over a 4-year period, there was a significant individual difference in the level of personal strength at 6 months post-spousal death. Finding meaning was a crucial factor influencing interindividual differences in personal strength at 6 months post-spousal death, mediating between social support and personal strength as well as caregiving strain and personal strength. Having higher religiosity was directly associated with a higher level of personal strength.
The concept of public goods, the state, and higher education finance: a view from the BRICs

Abstract Because higher education serves both public and private interests, the way it is conceived and financed is contested politically, appearing in different forms in different societies. What is public and private in education is a political–social construct, subject to various political forces, primarily interpreted through the prism of the state. Mediated through the state, this construct can change over time as the economic and social context of higher education changes. In this paper, we analyze through the state’s financing of higher education how it changes as a public/private good and the forces that impinge on states to influence such changes. To illustrate our arguments, we discuss trends in higher education financing in the BRIC countries—Brazil, Russia, India, and China. We show that in addition to increased privatization of higher education financing, BRIC states are increasingly differentiating the financing of elite and non-elite institutions.
Repercusiones en la formación y los ingresos en México

This paper examines, firstly, the relationship between education and income of workers, and secondly, the relationship between training and employment in the labor market in Mexico. The results show that the degrees that have the highest salaries are those related to the exact sciences, and those which are more likely to be hired are those related to education, and finally, it is observed that the areas of health, education, and economic administration, are highly correlated with employment and positive insertion in the labor market.
Dimensions of Adult Attachment, Affect Regulation, and Romantic Relationship Functioning

Recent research has suggested that adult attachment style, an orientation to relationships thought to be determined by child-hood relationships with parents and subsequent experiences with important attachment figures, affects the experience of romantic love. Several hypotheses were generated regarding attachment-style differences in affect-regulation strategies (nonintimate sexual behavior, alcohol use, and eating disorders) and attachment experiences and dynamics in couples (e.g., relationship satisfaction, partner-matching on attachment style). These hypotheses were tested using seven theoretically derived attachment scales, which reveal the specific attributes of a person's attachment style. Results indicate substantial associations between attachment dimensions and relationship satisfaction, nonintimate sexuality, eating disorders, and motives for drinking, and replicate previous research showing nonrandom but weak pairing of attachment styles in dating couples.
Sentiment Analyzer for Arabic Comments System

Today, the number of users of social network is increasing. Millions of users share opinions on different aspects of life every day. Therefore social network are rich sources of data for opinion mining and sentiment analysis. Also users have become more interested in following news pages on Facebook. Several posts; political for example, have thousands of users’ comments that agree/disagree with the post content. Such comments can be a good indicator for the community opinion about the post content. For politicians, marketers, decision makers …, it is required to make sentiment analysis to know the percentage of users agree, disagree and neutral respect to a post. This raised the need to analyze theusers’ comments in Facebook. We focused on Arabic Facebook news pages for the task of sentiment analysis. We developed a corpus for sentiment analysis and opinion mining purposes. Then, we used different machine learning algorithms – decision tree, support vector machines, and naive bayes - to develop sentiment analyzer. The performance of the system using each technique was evaluated and compared with others.
ROLE OF CHRONIC SCHWANN CELL DENERVATION IN POOR FUNCTIONAL RECOVERY AFTER NERVE INJURIES AND EXPERIMENTAL STRATEGIES TO COMBAT IT

OBJECTIVETo present our data about the role of chronic denervation (CD) of the distal nerve stumps as compared with muscle denervation atrophy and experimental strategies to promote better functional recovery. METHODSA rat model of nerve injury and repair was used. The common peroneal branch of the sciatic nerve was subjected to 0 to 24 weeks of CD before cross-suture with the tibial motoneurons. Our outcome measures included the numbers of motoneurons that regenerated their axons and the numbers that reinnervated muscle targets (motor units). To overcome the effects of CD, we used subcutaneous injection of FK506 and in vitro reactivation of Schwann cells that had been subjected to 24 weeks of CD with transforming growth factor β. RESULTSNumbers of regenerated motoneurons and reinnervated motor units decreased as a function of duration of CD. However, axons that regenerated through the distal nerve stumps reinnervated the muscle targets and even formed enlarged motor unit size regardless of the duration of CD. FK506 doubled the numbers of tibial motoneurons that regenerated their axons into the common peroneal nerve even after delayed repair. Reactivation of chronically denervated Schwann cells with transforming growth factor β significantly increased their capacity to support axonal regeneration. CONCLUSIONCD of the distal nerve stumps is the primary factor that results in poor axonal regeneration and subsequently poor functional recovery. Acceleration of the rate of axonal regeneration and/or reactivation of Schwann cells of the distal nerve stumps are effective experimental strategies to promote axonal regeneration and functional recovery.