Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
DETERMINATION OF UNIT HYDROGRAPH PARAMETERS FOR INDIANA WATERSHEDS

Regression equations predicting Clark Synthetic Unit Hydrograph (SUH) parameters for time of concentration (tc) and storage coefficient (R) are developed for small watersheds across Indiana. The state is partitioned into three regions: North, Central, and South, with consideration for past regionalization studies of Indiana and geomorphology. The equations are derived using multiple linear regression analysis for 30 watersheds with 90 observed rainfall-runoff events. Clark SUH parameters are optimized using Hec-HMS to match the observed rainfall-runoff events. The optimized Clark SUH parameters are related to geomorphologic parameters estimated using geographic information system (GIS) applications. An extensive list of 29 geomorphologic parameters is considered including parameters related to depression storage, slope, drainage area, basin shape, and stream network. Separate regression equations for tc and R are developed for each region and the entire state. Values for tc and R are predicted using the regression equations and used to model 7 new rainfall-runoff events in HEC-HMS for comparison to the National Resources Conservation Service (NRCS) SUH method.
QUANTITATIVE MINERALOGICAL ANALYSIS OF MARS ANALOGUES USING CHEMIN DATA

Mineralogical analysis is a critical component of planetary surface exploration. Chemical data alone leave serious gaps in our understanding of the surfaces of planets where complex minerals may form in combination with H, S, and halogens. On such planets (e.g., Mars) a single chemical composition may represent a range of mineral assemblages. For example, Viking chemical analyses of excavated duricrust indicate that Mg and S are correlated and ~10% MgSO4 (anhydrous weight) is a likely cementing agent. Pathfinder chemical data support a similar abundance of MgSO4 in the most altered materials. However, there are many possible Mg-sulfates with widely varying hydration states (including dehydrated and 1-, 2-, 3-, 4-, 5-, 6-, and 7-hydrates). In addition, other sulfate minerals such as gypsum (CaSO4 .2H2O) and other salts containing Cl may also exist. X-ray diffraction (XRD) has the ability to decipher mixtures of these phases that would be difficult, if not impossible to unravel using only chemical or spectral data.
Modeling the Daily Temperature Cycle

Abri.acl A simple model has been developed that can be used to predict the mea[ daily temlxmture cacle, by month, provided the mean daily minimum and maximun tempfrarures are knowo. Only one set oI monthly cocfficients is needed for all inlatrd stations in the Pacilic Northwest, from Buttg Montana, to Olympia, Washington; but a separate set of coefficients is aeeded for csastal stations idfluenced by summer fogs and diurnal land-sea bre€. zes. Tesu oI the model io predicting mean houdy tcmFratuies at three'hour intervals for all months at seven inland starions yielded a RMSE of O.96'F (0.6"C) and a maximum ahsolute error oI 1.6'F (2.0"C). Similar tests at two coastal stat ions yielded a RMSE oI 0.35oF (0.2oC), with a maximum absolure rror of 1.0oF (0.6oC). The model is based on the equation desctibing a Pearson type III distribution.
Metal Chalcogenide–Hydroxide Hybrids as an Emerging Family of Two-Dimensional Heterolayered Materials: An Early Review

Two-dimensional (2D) materials and phenomena attract huge attention in modern science. Herein, we introduce a family of layered materials inspired by the minerals valleriite and tochilinite, which are composed of alternating “incompatible”, and often incommensurate, quasi-atomic sheets of transition metal chalcogenide (sulfides and selenides of Fe, Fe-Cu and other metals) and hydroxide of Mg, Al, Fe, Li, etc., stacked via electrostatic interaction rather than van der Waals forces. We survey the data available on the composition and structure of the layered minerals, laboratory syntheses of such materials and the effect of reaction conditions on the phase purity, morphology and composition of the products. The spectroscopic results (Mössbauer, X-ray photoelectron, X-ray absorption, Raman, UV-vis, etc.), physical (electron, magnetic, optical and some others) characteristics, a specificity of thermal behavior of the materials are discussed. The family of superconductors (FeSe)·(Li,Fe)(OH) having a similar layered structure is briefly considered too. Finally, promising research directions and applications of the valleriite-type substances as a new class of prospective multifunctional 2D materials are outlined.
Late cretaceous (Campanian and Maastrichtian) sequence stratigraphy, southeastern North Carolina, USA

Sequence stratigraphic analysis using samples, geophysical logs, and biostratigraphic data from U.S.G.S. core holes Kure Beach, Hilton Park, and Black Rock Landing identified four partial or complete Late Cretaceous sequences. Sequence 1 (Campanian) is dominated by dirty calcareous sand. Mean sand size is 1.93 f; mean carbonate wt. % is 25.9%. This partial sequence is interpreted as a highstand systems tract (HST). A Type-1 sequence boundary separates Sequence 1 from the next sequence; it is reflected by an irregular surface and the absence of calcareous nannofossil zones CC24 and CC25a. Sequence 2 (Maastrichtian) is characterized in its lower part by clean, fining-upward (1.7 f to 3.4 f) calcareous sand interpreted as a lowstand wedge (LSW). The LSW is overlain by a grainstone followed by calcareous sand with a mean sand size of 2.92 f and a mean wt. % carbonate of 65.2%, interpreted as a transgressive systems tract (TST). The overlying HST is dominated by intercalated muddy carbonate, skeletal grainstone, and mollusk-fragment carbonate sand. Mean sand size is 2 f; mean wt. % carbonate is 39.3%. A Type-2 sequence boundary separates Sequence 2 from the next sequence. Sequence 3 consists of a basal coarsening-upwards calcareous sand that is interpreted as a shelf margin deposit (SMST). Mean sand size is 2.63 f; mean wt. % carbonate is 34.1%. A sharp contact separates the SMST from the overlying TST. Mean grain size fines to 3.12f and mean wt. % carbonate increases to 47.4%. The condensed interval (CI) occurs where sediment size is the finest; no hardgrounds are present. The overlying HST consists of a lower parasequence that shoals upward from muddy to sandy carbonate with evidence of storm winnowing. Mean grain size is 2.64 f; mean wt. % carbonate is 51.8%. The younger parasequence shoals to a sandy, pelecypod-mold grainstone. Mean sand size is 1.64 f; mean wt % carbonate is 56.7 %. A dissolution surface above the grainstone represents the 68 Ma unconformity. The youngest sequence (4) has variable lithology. The Cretaceous parts consist of a nearly pure carbonate overlain by muddy sand. Mean sand size is 2.61 f; mean weight % carbonate is 26.9
Polygonal spatial clustering

Clustering, the process of grouping together similar objects, is a fundamental task in data mining to help perform knowledge discovery in large datasets. With the growing number of sensor networks, geospatial satellites, global positioning devices, and human networks tremendous amounts of spatio-temporal data that measure the state of the planet Earth are being collected every day. This large amount of spatio-temporal data has increased the need for efficient spatial data mining techniques. Furthermore, most of the anthropogenic objects in space are represented using polygons, for example - counties, census tracts, and watersheds. Therefore, it is important to develop data mining techniques specifically addressed to mining polygonal data. In this research we focus on clustering geospatial polygons with fixed space and time coordinates. Polygonal datasets are more complex than point datasets because polygons have topological and directional properties that are not relevant to points, thus rendering most state-of-the-art point-based clustering techniques not readily applicable. We have addressed four important sub-problems in polygonal clustering. (1) We have developed a dissimilarity function that integrates both non-spatial attributes and spatial structure and context of the polygons. (2) We have extended DBSCAN, the state-of-the-art density based clustering algorithm for point datasets, to polygonal datasets and further extended it to handle polygonal obstacles. (3) We have designed a suite of algorithms that incorporate user-defined constraints in the clustering process. (4) We have developed a spatio-temporal polygonal clustering algorithm that uniquely treats both space and time as first-class citizens, and developed an algorithm to analyze the movement patterns in the spatio-temporal polygonal clusters. In order to evaluate our algorithms we applied our algorithms on real-life datasets from several diverse domains to solve practical problems such as congressional redistricting, spatial epidemiology, crime mapping, and drought analysis. The results show that our algorithms are effective in finding spatially compact and conceptually coherent clusters.
Permeability and relative permeability measurements for CO 2 ‐brine system at reservoir conditions in low permeable sandstones in Svalbard

Sequestration of CO 2 in a saline aquifer is currently being evaluated as a possible way to handle CO 2 emitted from a coal‐fueled power plant in Svalbard. The chosen reservoir is a 300‐m thick, laterally extensive, shallow marine formation of late Triassic‐mid Jurassic age, located below Longyearbyen in Svalbard. The reservoir consists of 300 m of alternating sandstone and shale and is sealed by 400 m of shale. Experimental and numerical studies have been performed to evaluate CO 2 storage capacity. A total of 51 samples of core material from one well (Dh4) were collected and tested to find the potential units for CO 2 injection. Analysis of the results shows that the permeability is generally less than 2 millidarcies and the capillary entry pressure is high. This poses a serious challenge with respect to achieving practical levels of injectivity and injection pressure. For further investigation, two 32‐cm‐long sandstone samples from the depth 675 m (Sample 1) and 679 m (Sample 2) were selected for laboratory core flooding experiments at reservoir conditions. This review presents the experimental protocol and detailed CO 2 ‐brine drainage and imbibition relative permeability data for these two different samples of rock. Capillary pressure measurements and simulation of the transient process was used to support the interpolation of the experimental flooding data. Initial x‐ray computed tomography scan showed no sign of fractures inside the cores, whereas after the core flooding experiment, there were visible fractures especially in Sample 1. Scanning electron microscopy analysis showed a high proportion of diagenetic iron‐minerals in the sandstones like Fe‐chlorite, Fe‐carbonate (FeCO 3 ), and pyrite (FeS 2 ). A brownish output flow was seen in the sample with highest porosity and permeability. Dissolution of CO 2 in the brine forms a weak acid that reacts with iron‐minerals (e.g. siderite) to form iron‐hydroxides. Severe hysteresis effects on one of the samples most likely resulted from changes in the rock composition.
Distributed Streams Algorithms for Sliding Windows

Massive data sets often arise as physically distributed, parallel data streams, and it is important to estimate various aggregates and statistics on the union of these streams. This paper presents algorithms for estimating aggregate functions over a “sliding window” of the N most recent data items in one or more streams. Our results include: 1. For a single stream, we present the first ε-approximation scheme for the number of 1’s in a sliding window that is optimal in both worst case time and space. We also present the first ε-approximation scheme for the sum of integers in [0.R] in a sliding window that is optimal in both worst case time and space (assuming R is at most polynomial in N ). Both algorithms are deterministic and use only logarithmic memory words. 2. In contrast, we show that any deterministic algorithm that estimates, to within a small constant relative error, the number of 1’s (or the sum of integers) in a sliding window on the union of distributed streams requires (N ) space. 3. We present the first (randomized) (ε, δ)-approximation scheme for the number of 1’s in a sliding window on the union of distributed streams that uses only logarithmic memory words. We also present the first (ε, δ)-approximation scheme for the number of distinct values in a sliding window on distributed streams that uses only logarithmic memory words. Our results are obtained using a novel family of synopsis data structures called waves. ∗ A preliminary version of this paper appeared in the Proceedings of the 14th ACM Symposium on Parallel Algorithms and Architectures [19]. OF2 P. B. Gibbons and S. Tirthapura stream 0 1 · · · 0 1 0 0 0 0 1 1 0 1 1 position 1 2 · · · 61 62 63 64 65 66 67 68 69 70 71 1-rank 1 · · · 31 32 33 34 35 stream 1 1 1 1 1 1 0 1 1 0 0 0 1 1 position 72 73 74 75 76 77 78 79 80 81 82 83 84 85 1-rank 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 stream 1 0 0 1 0 1 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 1 position 86 87 88 89 90 91 92 93 94 95 96 97 98 99 1-rank 46 47 48 49 50 Fig. 1. An example data stream, through m = 99 bits. The position in the stream (position) and the rank among the 1-bits (1-rank) are computed as the stream is processed.
List of Acronyms

ACS Attitude Control System AIM Aeronomy of Ice in the Mesosphere APE Attitude Power Electronics ATS Absolute Time Sequence C&DH Command & Data Handling CDE Cosmic Dust Experiment CIPS Cloud Imaging & Particle Size Experiment CPU Central Processing Unit CVO Common Volume Observation (SOFIE & CIPS) DMP Data Management Plan DOY Day of Year DPC Data Processing Centers SOFIE (GATS), CIPS & CDE (LASP) E/PO Educational and Public Outreach EEPROM Electrically Erasable Read-Only Memory EPS Electrical Power System FC Flight Controller FDF Flight Dynamics Facility FlatSat Orbital Spacecraft Simulator FOT Flight Operations Team FOV Field of View FSW Flight Software FTE Full Time Equivalent GATS Gordley & Associates Technical Serivces GMU George Mason University GN Ground Network More @ AIM
Review on the Stock Investment in Malaysia in Overcoming the Inflation of the Malaysian Economy

The purpose of the study is targeted to explore and investigate the potential performance of the stock investment in Malaysia in overcoming the inflation of the Malaysian economy. The primary goal of the investment is motivated to overcome the inflation rate to avoid losing the purchasing power. This leads to the problem statement for the study to investigate the performance of the KLSE market index growth against the inflation rate in Malaysia. The methodology of the research had focus in the application using past ten years of data including the range from 2013 to 2022 to compare the growth of the inflation against the KLSE market index. The findings had provided the sufficient evidence to showed that the inflation rate in average had exceed the KLSE market index growth reflecting that the investment in overall Malaysian stock is not favourable to overcome the increasing inflation in the country. In addition, the average Fixed Deposit (FD) rate in Malaysia had surpassed both the inflation rate and KLSE market index growth in average for the past ten years performance. The recommendation drawn from the study had proposed more solid management of the portfolio by not over diversifying the portfolio for the stock investment. The outcome for the study had provide the significant contribution and refenrece towards the academic and investors to gain future input.
Secure Grasping Detection of Objects in Stacked Scenes Based on Single-Frame RGB Images

Secure grasping of objects in complex scenes is the foundation of many tasks. It is important for robots to autonomously determine the optimal grasp based on visual information, which requires reasoning about the stacking relationship of objects and detecting the grasp position. This paper proposes a multi-task secure grasping detection model, which consists of the grasping relationship network (GrRN) and the oriented rectangles detection network CSL-YOLO, which uses circular smooth label (CSL). GrRN uses DETR to solve set prediction problems in object detection, enabling end-to-end detection of grasping relationships. CSL-YOLO uses classification to predict the angle of oriented rectangles, and solves the angle distance problem caused by classification. Experiments on the Visual Manipulate Relationship Dataset (VMRD) and the grasping detection dataset Cornell demonstrate that our method outperforms existing methods and exhibits good applicability on robot platforms.
Ten years of satellite observations reveal highly variable sulphur dioxide emissions at Anatahan Volcano, Mariana Islands

Satellite remote sensing enables continuous multiyear observations of volcanic activity in remote settings. Anatahan (Mariana Islands) is a remote volcano in the western North Pacific. Available ground‐based measurements of sulphur dioxide (SO2) gas emissions at Anatahan place it among thelargest volcanic SO2 sources worldwide. These ground‐based measurements, however, are restricted to eruptive intervals. Anatahan's activity since 2003 has been dominated temporally by prolonged periods of quiescence. Using 10 years of satellite observations from OMI, AIRS, SCIAMACHY, and GOME‐2, we report highly variable SO2 emissions within and between eruptive and quiescent intervals at Anatahan. We find close correspondence between levels of activity reported at the volcano and levels of SO2 emissions detected from space. Eruptive SO2 emission rates have a mean value of ∼6400 t d−1, but frequently are in excess of 20,000 t d−1. Conversely, SO2 emissions during quiescent intervals are below the detection limit of space‐based sensors and therefore are not likely to exceed ∼300 t d−1. We show that while Anatahan occupies a quiescent state for 85% of the past 10 years, only ∼15% of total SO2 emissions over this interval occur during quiescence, with the remaining ∼85% released in short duration but intense syn‐eruptive degassing. We propose that the integration of multiyear satellite data sets and activity histories are a powerful complement to targeted ground‐based campaign measurements in better describing the long‐term degassing behavior of remote volcanoes.
Long-Term Results after Chiari Pelvic Osteotomy in the Skeletally Immature and the Role of the Anti-Chiari Effect

Several authors observed a loss of correction after performing Chiari pelvic osteotomy (CPO) in young patients. Hence, the aim of this study was to answer two questions: (1) Does the Chiari pelvic osteotomy affect the development of the acetabulum in skeletally immature patients in the long term? (2) Is there any evidence of the previously described “Anti-Chiari” effect after a mean follow-up of 36 years? Data from 21 patients (27 hips) undergoing CPO before the age of 16 years were clinically assessed, and the evolution of radiological parameters over time was analyzed. The mean age at CPO was 11.2 years (±3; 4.4–15.7). The 20- and 30-year survival rates of the CPO were 100% and 92.6%, respectively. Mean postoperative medialization was 54% (±18; 23–99). The average osteotomy angle was 11° (±7; 2–28). No significant changes were found for the center-edge angle (CEA) and acetabular index (AI) over time; the angle of Idelberger and Frank (ACM) almost reached normal values at follow-up (FU); for the acetabular-head index (AHI), a slight shift toward the initial situation could be detected. The morphology of the acetabulum remained unchanged over time. The “Anti-Chiari effect” seems to be primarily caused by insufficient coverage of the femoral head rather than damage to the apophysis due to surgery.
for average annual forage yield at three locations.

General: Grass Family (Poaceae), tribe Andropogoneae, and subtribe Tripsacinae. It shares the same subtribe as corn (Zea mays). Eastern gamagrass is a native perennial bunchgrass and a distant relative of corn. It is a long-lived (to 50 years), warm-season species native to most of the eastern half of the United States. It ranges in height from 4 to 8 feet. The leaf blades are flat, long (12 to 30 inches) and wide (0.4 to 1.2 inches), with a well-defined midrib. It reproduces vegetatively from thick, knotty, rhizome-like structures called proaxes. The spikes are 6 to 10 inches long and are made up of one to several spikes. Similar to corn, eastern gamagrass has separate male and female flowers (monoecious). But unlike corn, each gamagrass spike contains both male and female flowers. Male flowers occupy the top three-fourths of the spike and female flowers the bottom onefourth (Fig. 1).
Functional Characterization of AP2/ERF Transcription Factors during Flower Development and Anthocyanin Biosynthesis Related Candidate Genes in Lycoris

The APETALA2/ethylene-responsive transcription factor (AP2/ERF) family has been extensively investigated because of its significant involvement in plant development, growth, fruit ripening, metabolism, and plant stress responses. To date, there has been little investigation into how the AP2/ERF genes influence flower formation and anthocyanin biosynthesis in Lycoris. Herein, 80 putative LrAP2/ERF transcription factors (TFs) with complete open reading frames (ORFs) were retrieved from the Lycoris transcriptome sequence data, which could be divided into five subfamilies dependent on their complete protein sequences. Furthermore, our findings demonstrated that genes belonging to the same subfamily had structural similarities and conserved motifs. LrAP2/ERF genes were analyzed for playing an important role in plant growth, water deprivation, and flower formation by means of gene ontology (GO) enrichment analysis. The expression pattern of the LrAP2/ERF genes differed across tissues and might be important for Lycoris growth and flower development. In response to methyl jasmonate (MeJA) exposure and drought stress, the expression of each LrAP2/ERF gene varied across tissues and time. Moreover, a total of 20 anthocyanin components were characterized using ultra-performance liquid chromatography-electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC-ESI-MS/MS) analysis, and pelargonidin-3-O-glucoside-5-O-arabinoside was identified as the major anthocyanin aglycone responsible for the coloration of the red petals in Lycoris. In addition, we mapped the relationships between genes and metabolites and found that LrAP2/ERF16 is strongly linked to pelargonidin accumulation in Lycoris petals. These findings provide the basic conceptual groundwork for future research into the molecular underpinnings and regulation mechanisms of AP2/ERF TFs in anthocyanin accumulation and Lycoris floral development.