Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Wage Inequality and Globalisation: What can we Learn from the Past? A General Equilibrium Approach

The current era of globalisation has witnessed a rising premium paid to skilled workers resulting in increasing wage inequality in most OECD countries. This pattern differs from that observed during the past globalisation period (1880-1913), in which wage inequality steadily decreased in most of the Old World countries. The present debate over wage inequality focuses on the implications of globalisation, technological change, the role of labour market institutions and education. Similar factors took place in the past globalisation process. In order to disentangle the main factors that contribute to wage inequality, we calibrate a general equilibrium model for the UK economy in the past globalisation period. The results show that a trade shock and a skilled-biased technology shock increased wage inequality. However, education, emigration and capital accumulation had a more significant impact and led to a decrease in wage inequality.
Restriction fragment length polymorphism of the gene encoding the alpha chain of the human T cell receptor

Two allelic forms of the T cell antigen receptor alpha chain gene were discerned by restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) employing the T cell antigen receptor alpha chain probe pGA5, and the restriction enzyme Bgl II. Analysis revealed that the polymorphic fragments are detected by a probe specific for the constant region exon of the T cell antigen receptor alpha chain gene. Furthermore, the polymorphic fragments were shown to segregate within families. The two allelic forms yield two homozygous states, 3.2/3.2 and 2.9/2.9, at a frequency of 76.5 and 2.9%, respectively, within the normal population. The heterozygous state was observed in 20.6% of the population. The discovery of allelic forms of both the alpha and beta chains of the T cell antigen receptor genes may provide a unique opportunity to study heritable markers of T cell function in several human diseases.
Parallel Declines in Pollinators and Insect-Pollinated Plants in Britain and the Netherlands

Despite widespread concern about declines in pollination services, little is known about the patterns of change in most pollinator assemblages. By studying bee and hoverfly assemblages in Britain and the Netherlands, we found evidence of declines (pre-versus post-1980) in local bee diversity in both countries; however, divergent trends were observed in hoverflies. Depending on the assemblage and location, pollinator declines were most frequent in habitat and flower specialists, in univoltine species, and/or in nonmigrants. In conjunction with this evidence, outcrossing plant species that are reliant on the declining pollinators have themselves declined relative to other plant species. Taken together, these findings strongly suggest a causal connection between local extinctions of functionally linked plant and pollinator species.
Long Noncoding RNAs in Metabolic Syndrome Related Disorders

Ribonucleic acids (RNAs) are very complex and their all functions have yet to be fully clarified. Noncoding genes (noncoding RNA, sequences, and pseudogenes) comprise 67% of all genes and they are represented by housekeeping noncoding RNAs (transfer RNA (tRNA), ribosomal RNA (rRNA), small nuclear RNA (snRNA), and small nucleolar RNA (snoRNA)) that are engaged in basic cellular processes and by regulatory noncoding RNA (short and long noncoding RNA (ncRNA)) that are important for gene expression/transcript stability. In this review, we summarize data concerning the significance of long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) in metabolic syndrome related disorders, focusing on adipose tissue and pancreatic islands.
An Indoor Routing Algorithm for the Blind: Development and Comparison to a Routing Algorithm for the Sighted

This paper presents a prototypical implementation of a non‐network‐based indoor routing algorithm for the sighted and the blind. The spatial abilities of the visually impaired are discussed. Former approaches of outdoor navigation systems for the blind are analyzed and deemed inappropriate for the purpose of modeling indoor navigation. The proposed routing algorithm for the blind calculates routes based on physical characteristics of traveling with a long cane. The algorithm distinguishes between clues, landmarks, obstacles, and hazards along the feasible paths and selects the optimal route by trading off distance and the number of landmarks and clues along a route. Subsequently, the routes for the blind are compared to routes calculated by the routing algorithm for the sighted. The paper asserts that the proposed indoor routing algorithm leads to more suitable routes for the blind.
Delegated Authenticated Authorization for Constrained Environments

Smart objects are small devices with limited system resources, typically made to fulfill a single simple task. By connecting smart objects and thus forming an Internet of Things, the devices can interact with each other and their users and support a new range of applications. Due to the limitations of smart objects, common security mechanisms are not easily applicable. Small message sizes and the lack of processing power severely limit the devices' ability to perform cryptographic operations. This paper introduces a protocol for delegating client authentication and authorization in a constrained environment. The protocol describes how to establish a secure channel based on symmetric cryptography between resource-constrained nodes in a cross-domain setting. A resource-constrained node can use this protocol to delegate authentication of communication peers and management of authorization information to a trusted host with less severe limitations regarding processing power and memory.
The FORTRAN project - a multifaceted approach to software-firmware high level language support

A description of a novel approach for the support of high level languages is presented. This approach consists of different machines for different task structures, even if those tasks are written in the same high level language. At the same time, a high degree of similarity of the machines is maintained. Preliminary results and the outline of future work are briefly summarized.
Achieving High Instruction Cache Performance With An Optimizing Compiler

Increasing the execution power requires a high instruction issue bandwidth, and decreasing instruction encoding and applying some code improving techniques cause code expansion. Therefore, the instruction memory hierarchy performance has become an important factor of the system performance. An instruction placement algorithm has been implemented in the IMPACT-1 (Illinois Microarchitecture Project using Advanced Compiler Technology - Stage 1) C compiler to maximize the sequential and spatial localities, and to minimize mapping conflicts. This approach achieves low cache miss ratios and low memory traffic ratios for small, fast instruction caches with little hardware overhead. For ten realistic UNIX* programs, we report low miss ratios (average 0.5%) and low memory traffic ratios (average 8%) for a 2048-byte, direct-mapped instruction cache using 64-byte blocks. This result compares favorably with the fully associative cache results reported by other researchers. We also present the effect of cache size, block size, block sectoring, and partial loading on the cache performance. The code performance with instruction placement optimization is shown to be stable across architectures with different instruc- tion encoding density.
The Trappings of Poverty: The Role of Assets and Liabilities in Socio-Economic Mobility in Rural Bangladesh

This paper examines the role of assets and liabilities in socio-economic mobility patterns using findings from 293 life-history interviews, conducted by the author and a small team of researchers in rural Bangladesh in 2007. The analysis shows that individuals on trajectories of long-term improvement in well-being are more likely to have had access to, or to have invested in, a range of productive, investment, or protective assets. Tangible assets such as shops, land, livestock, vehicles and agricultural machinery had direct effects on poverty status and on improvements in life trajectories over the long term; less tangible assets such as investments made in education, networks of relationships, or social status, were less easily assessed but also had positive effects. Characteristics of the most important types of assets are discussed, and the mechanisms by which they contribute to well-being are explored. The paper argues that liabilities should be included in ‘asset-based’ approaches to poverty dynamics. Liabilities counter the positive effects of assets and hold poor people in poverty, and cause others to decline over the long term. These include monetary debt, but also non-tangible liabilities such as illness, dowry, disability, social stigma, physical insecurity, subjection to domination, and other forms of disadvantage or incapacity. These downward pressures are better portrayed as the presence of a liability, rather than the absence of an asset. The paper argues that ‘asset-based’ approaches to poverty research need to become asset and liability-based. The analysis of life histories illustrates that a lack of accounting for liabilities can allow the causes of decline or stagnation in people’s lives to be misjudged, allowing for the possibility of biased policy recommendations.
NIDS based on Multi Agent Systems in DataMining

Network intrusion detection system is used to detect any intruder which might have entered into the computer system. Data mining refers to data from large amounts of data. Data mining can be used for market analysis, fraud detection and customer retention due to the wide availability of huge amount of useful information and knowledge. A multi agent based approach is proposed for network intrusion detection. In the proposed approach an adaptive NIDS is used which is an enhancement of previous methods. In adaptive NIDS, more number of agents are used which monitors the data continuously to check if any intruder enters into the system. Each agent is trained accordingly so that it can check for any type of intruder entering into the system. Verification through many agents will ensure the safety of the data.
Work Related to Lighthouse

This paper examines the relationship between Lighthouse and current verification and analysis work within the system community. Recent work on ownership often describes ownership using flow insensitive or flow sensitive types. At times this boundary is not perfectly clear. Flow insensitive ownership analysis tends to use simpler models that facilitate static checking of the system in question. Flow sensitive ownership analysis sit upon more robust languages with tighter ties between the language and system annotations. Lighthouse occupies a point on the design spectrum just shy of the flow sensitive analysis and uses a minimal set of program annotations. It is important to note that the novel aspects of Lighthouse do not come from new analysis techniques, but from the information that Lighthouse extracts from the systems that it examines. A little more work remains to be done in comparing Lighthouse to other current systems research. This work will benefit from a last pass over the text to add in notes describing how Lighthouse has specifically been designed to fit the domain of reactive sensor network systems. The literature review will be rounded out with a more complete review of the inference performed by Engler style tools [9, 14]. A second look at research focusing on interprocedural analysis will become more important as finite state machines are introduced to Lighthouse.
Decreased Circulatory Response to Hypovolemic Stress in Young Women With Type 1 Diabetes

OBJECTIVE Diabetes is associated with hemodynamic instability during different situations involving acute circulatory stress in daily life. Young men with type 1 diabetes have been shown to have impaired circulatory response to hypovolemic stress. The effect of type 1 diabetes on cardiovascular response to hypovolemia in young women is unknown, however. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS Lower body negative pressure of 30 cm H2O was used to create rapid hypovolemic stress in 15 young women with type 1 diabetes (DW) and 16 healthy women (control subjects [C]). Compensatory mobilization of venous capacitance blood (capacitance response) and net fluid absorption from tissue to blood were measured with a volumetric technique. Overall cardiovascular responses and plasma norepinephrine levels were measured. RESULTS Capacitance response was reduced (DW, 0.67 ± 0.05; C, 0.92 ± 0.06) and developed slower in DW (P < 0.01). Capacitance response was further reduced with increasing levels of HbA1c. Fluid absorption was almost halved in DW (P < 0.01). The initial vasoconstrictor response was reduced and developed slower in DW (P < 0.05). Arterial vasoconstriction was further reduced in the presence of microvascular complications (P < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS DW present with decreased and slower mobilization of venous capacitance blood and decreased net fluid absorption from tissue to blood during hypovolemic circulatory stress. Collectively, this indicates that DW are prone to hemodynamic instability, especially in the presence of microvascular complications and poor glycemic control.
Branching Bisimulations for Higher Order p-Calculus

In this paper, we introduce branching context bisimulation, branching normal bisimulation and branching barbed congruence for higher order πcalculus. Moreover we prove the equivalence of the three branching bisimulations. At last, we compare branching context bisimulations with other bisimulations for higher orderπ-calculus.
Enabling Fast Lazy Learning for Data Streams

Lazy learning, such as k-nearest neighbor learning, has been widely applied to many applications. Known for well capturing data locality, lazy learning can be advantageous for highly dynamic and complex learning environments such as data streams. Yet its high memory consumption and low prediction efficiency have made it less favorable for stream oriented applications. Specifically, traditional lazy learning stores all the training data and the inductive process is deferred until a query appears, whereas in stream applications, data records flow continuously in large volumes and the prediction of class labels needs to be made in a timely manner. In this paper, we provide a systematic solution that overcomes the memory and efficiency limitations and enables fast lazy learning for concept drifting data streams. In particular, we propose a novel Lazy-tree (Ltree for short) indexing structure that dynamically maintains compact high-level summaries of historical stream records. L-trees are M-Tree [5] like, height-balanced, and can help achieve great memory consumption reduction and sub-linear time complexity for prediction. Moreover, L-trees continuously absorb new stream records and discard outdated ones, so they can naturally adapt to the dynamically changing concepts in data streams for accurate prediction. Extensive experiments on real-world and synthetic data streams demonstrate the performance of our approach.
Self-organizing Bluetooth scatternets

There is increasing interest in wireless ad hoc networks built from portable devices equipped with short-range wireless network interfaces. This thesis addresses issues related to internetworking such networks to form larger "scatternets. " Within the constraints imposed by the emerging standard Bluetooth link layer and MAC protocol, we develop a set of online algorithms to form scatternets and to schedule point-topoint communication links. Our efficient online topology formation algorithm, called TSF (Tree Scatternet Formation), builds scatternets by connecting nodes into a tree structure that simplifies packet routing and scheduling. Unlike earlier works, our design does not restrict the number of nodes in the scatternet, and also allows nodes to arrive and leave at arbitrary times, incrementally building the topology and healing partitions when they occur. We have developed a Bluetooth simulator in ns which includes most aspects of the entire Bluetooth protocol stack. It was used to derive simulation results that show that TSF has low latencies in link establishment, tree formation and partition healing. All of these grow logarithmically with the number of nodes in the scatternet. Furthermore, TSF generates tree topologies where the average path length between any node pair grows logarithmically with the size of the scatternet. Our scheduling algorithm, called TSS (Tree Scatternet Scheduling), takes advantage of the tree structure of the scatternets constructed by TSF. Unlike previous works, TSS coordinates one-hop neighbors effectively to increase the overall performance of the scatternet. In addition, TSS is robust and responsive to network conditions, adapting the inter-piconet link schedule effectively based on varying workload conditions. We demonstrate that TSS has good performance on throughput and latency under various traffic loads. Thesis Supervisor: John Guttag Title: Professor
Probabilistic object identification through on-demand partial views

The current paper addresses the problem of object identification from multiple 3D partial views, collected from different view angles with the objective of disambiguating between similar objects. We assume a mobile robot equipped with a depth sensor that autonomously grasps an object from different positions, with no previous known pattern. The challenge is to efficiently combine the set of observations into a single classification. We approach the problem with a sequential importance resampling filter that allows to combine the sequence of observations and that, by its sampling nature, allows to handle the large number of possible partial views. In this context, we introduce innovations at the level of the partial view representation and at the formulation of the classification problem. We provide a qualitative comparison to support our representation and illustrate the identification process with a case study.
On the Gravitational Wave in de Sitter Spacetime

For there is always a wrong sign in the mass of graviton in the so-called perturbation expansion approximation of both Minkowski and de Sitter spacetimes, the existence of gravitational wave from the metric perturbation of de Sitter spacetime is doubtful. We try another way to start from the assumption that the gravitational wave equation should be both general covariant and conformal invariant and find that graviton is no longer a part of metric field, it has an effective mass of $m_g=\sqrt{R/6}=% \sqrt{2\Lambda/3}$ with correct sign in de Sitter spacetime, though it's intrinsic mass remains zero.
Buying Influence? Assessing the Political Effects of China’s International Economic Ties

Over the past 30 years, the People’s Republic of China (PRC) has transformed itself into a major actor in the international economy. This paper considers the extent to which China’s growing economic power translates into political influence over the foreign policy behavior of its economic partners. In particular, I test quantitatively whether different types of economic exchange with China are correlated with a country’s willingness to accommodate core Chinese interests. My findings call into question whether a systematic relationship exists between China’s foreign economic ties and the willingness of other states to adopt foreign policies in line with PRC interests.
Relationship between Social Support, Cultural Values, Family-Friendly Organizations and Psychological Well-Being among Turkish and the Dutch Nurses: The Role of Recovery

Purpose: The purpose of the study is to investigate the role of recovery after work in moderating the relationships between social support, cultural values, organizational characteristics, and psychological well-being. Design: Moderated regression analysis was used to analyze data. Methods: Cross-sectional self-reported questionnaire data was collected from Turkish and Dutch nurses (Turkish N = 333, Dutch N = 323). Social support, cultural values, family-friendly organizations, recovery strategies and well-being scales were used. Findings: We tested our hypotheses with the t test and multiple regression approach. The t test results showed the mean score of psychological well-being of Dutch participants (t= 3.07 ; p< .002); and that the mean score on recovery were significantly higher than those of Turkish participants (t= 3.90; p<.001). Results also showed that social support had an interaction effect with psychological detachment and relaxation on psychological well-being in the Turkish nurses; whereas in the Dutch nurses only social support and mastery experiences interacted on psychological well-being. Practical Implications: On the basis of our findings, it is advisable to focus interventions on enhancing using recovery strategies and well-being. Specific interventions should be directed at training in relaxation detachment from the work in free time.
Socioeconomic Status and Longitudinal Lung Function of Healthy Mexican Children

Introduction Our aim was to estimate the longitudinal effect of Socioeconomic status (SES) on lung function growth of Mexican children and adolescents. Materials and Methods A cohort of Mexican children in third grade of primary school was followed with spirometry twice a year for 6 years through secondary school. Multilevel mixed-effects lineal models were fitted for the spirometric variables of 2,641 respiratory-healthy Mexican children. Monthly family income (in 2002 U.S. dollars [USD]) and parents’ years completed at school were used as proxies of SES. Results Individuals with higher SES tended to have greater height for age, and smaller sitting height/standing height and crude lung function. For each 1-year increase of parents’ schooling, Forced expiratory volume in 1 sec (FEV1) and Forced vital capacity (FVC) increased 8.5 (0.4%) and 10.6 mL (0.4%), respectively (p <0.05) when models were adjusted for gender. Impact of education on lung function was reduced drastically or abolished on adjusting by anthropometric variables and ozone. Conclusions Higher parental schooling and higher monthly family income were associated with higher lung function in healthy Mexican children, with the majority of the effect likely due to the increase in height-for-age.