Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Type 1 diabetes and the risk of epilepsy: A meta‐analysis

ABSTRACT Aims/Introduction An overrepresentation of epilepsy has been suggested in patients with type 1 diabetes (T1D). This meta‐analysis was conducted to evaluate if type 1 diabetes is associated with a higher incidence of epilepsy. Materials and Methods Longitudinal observational studies which are relevant to the purpose of the meta‐analysis were screened and obtained by searching PubMed, Embase, and Web of Science databases. Random‐effects models were used when significant heterogeneity was observed; otherwise, fixed‐effects models were used. Results Six observational studies involving 10 datasets of 8,001,899 participants were included, with six datasets including children and only one dataset including older people. Among them, 100,414 (1.25%) had type 1 diabetes. During the follow‐up duration of 5.4–15.2 years (mean: 9.5 years), 98,644 cases (1.23%) of epilepsy were observed. Compared with participants with normoglycemia, those with type 1 diabetes were shown to have a higher incidence of epilepsy (risk ratio [RR]: 2.41, 95% confidence interval 1.69–3.44, P < 0.001; I 2 = 95%) after adjustment of potential confounding variables including age and sex. Subgroup analysis showed consistent results in nested case–control and retrospective cohort studies, and in studies of children, non‐elderly adult, and older participants (P for subgroup difference = 0.42 and 0.07). In addition, a stronger association of type 1 diabetes and epilepsy was suggested in studies with follow‐up duration <10 years compared with those ≥10 years (RR: 3.34 vs 1.61, P for subgroup difference < 0.001). Conclusion Patients with type 1 diabetes may have a higher risk of epilepsy, which was mainly driven by datasets including children.
Multiscale Frozen Density Embedding/Molecular Mechanics Approach for Simulating Magnetic Response Properties of Solvated Systems

We present a three-layer hybrid quantum mechanical/quantum embedding/molecular mechanics approach for calculating nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) shieldings and J-couplings of molecular systems in solution. The model is based on the frozen density embedding (FDE) and polarizable fluctuating charges (FQ) and fluctuating dipoles (FQFμ) force fields and permits the accurate ab initio description of short-range nonelectrostatic interactions by means of the FDE shell and cost-effective treatment of long-range electrostatic interactions through the polarizable force field FQ(Fμ). Our approach’s accuracy and potential are demonstrated by studying NMR spectra of Brooker’s merocyanine in aqueous and nonaqueous solutions.
Close-Packed Ices in Nanopores

Water molecules in any of the ice polymorphs organize themselves into a perfect four-coordinated hydrogen-bond network at the expense of dense packing. Even at high pressures, there seems to be no way to reconcile the ice rules with the close packing. Here, we report several close-packed ice phases in carbon nanotubes obtained from molecular dynamics simulations of two different water models. Typically they are in plastic states at high temperatures and are transformed into the hydrogen-ordered ice, keeping their close-packed structures at lower temperatures. The close-packed structures of water molecules in carbon nanotubes are identified with those of spheres in a cylinder. We present design principles of hydrogen-ordered, close-packed structures of ice in nanotubes, which suggest many possible dense ice forms with or without nonzero polarization. In fact, some of the simulated ices are found to exhibit ferroelectric ordering upon cooling.
Usability and Perception of a Wearable-Integrated Digital Maternity Record App in Germany: User Study

Background Although digital maternity records (DMRs) have been evaluated in the past, no previous work investigated usability or acceptance through an observational usability study. Objective The primary objective was to assess the usability and perception of a DMR smartphone app for pregnant women. The secondary objective was to assess personal preferences and habits related to online information searching, wearable data presentation and interpretation, at-home examination, and sharing data for research purposes during pregnancy. Methods A DMR smartphone app was developed. Key features such as wearable device integration, study functionalities (eg, questionnaires), and common pregnancy app functionalities (eg, mood tracker) were included. Women who had previously given birth were invited to participate. Participants completed 10 tasks while asked to think aloud. Sessions were conducted via Zoom. Video, audio, and the shared screen were recorded for analysis. Task completion times, task success, errors, and self-reported (free text) feedback were evaluated. Usability was measured through the System Usability Scale (SUS) and User Experience Questionnaire (UEQ). Semistructured interviews were conducted to explore the secondary objective. Results A total of 11 participants (mean age 34.6, SD 2.2 years) were included in the study. A mean SUS score of 79.09 (SD 18.38) was achieved. The app was rated "above average" in 4 of 6 UEQ categories. Sixteen unique features were requested. We found that 5 of 11 participants would only use wearables during pregnancy if requested to by their physician, while 10 of 11 stated they would share their data for research purposes. Conclusions Pregnant women rely on their medical caregivers for advice, including on the use of mobile and ubiquitous health technology. Clear benefits must be communicated if issuing wearable devices to pregnant women. Participants that experienced pregnancy complications in the past were overall more open toward the use of wearable devices in pregnancy. Pregnant women have different opinions regarding access to, interpretation of, and reactions to alerts based on wearable data. Future work should investigate personalized concepts covering these aspects.
Effect of various levels of dietary whole cottonseed on blood parameters and performance of Awassi lambs under heat stress

This study was carried out to determine the effect of whole cottonseed (WCS) supplementation on finishing performance and blood parameters of Awassi lambs under heat stress. The compositions of diets for the various treatments were i) control: concentrate without WCS plus 15% wheat straw; ii) 8.5% WCS, 76.5% concentrate and 15% wheat straw; and iii) 17% WCS, 68% concentrate plus 15% wheat straw. Twenty seven male Awassi lambs (4 - 5 months old) were allotted to three dietary treatments in equal numbers for each diet in a completely randomized design. Following 15 days of diet adaptation, lambs were fed the experimental diets ad libitum for 56 days. According to the finishing trial, average daily gain (ADG), feed intake (FI), dry matter intake (DMI), feed efficiency and water consumption were not affected by the inclusion of WCS. Only numerical increment of daily gain, FI and DMI was observed in the 8.5% WCS group. Supplementation of WCS did not affect blood glucose, urea, total protein, albumin and potassium levels, but blood cholesterol level was increased. Changes in scrotal circumference were observed with supplementation of 17% WCS. As a result, WCS can replace concentrate up to 8.5% of diet without negative effects on finishing performance of Awassi lambs under heat stress conditions. Keywords: Sheep, finishing, efficiency, gain, oil seed
Simulation study on high spatio-temporal resolution acousto-electrophysiological neuroimaging

Objective. Acousto-electrophysiological neuroimaging (AENI) is a technique hypothesized to record electrophysiological activity of the brain with millimeter spatial and sub-millisecond temporal resolution. This improvement is obtained by tagging areas with focused ultrasound (fUS). Due to mechanical vibration with respect to the measuring electrodes, the electrical activity of the marked region will be modulated onto the ultrasonic frequency. The region’s electrical activity can subsequently be retrieved via demodulation of the measured signal. In this study, the feasibility of this hypothesized technique is tested. Approach. This is done by calculating the forward electroencephalography response under quasi-static assumptions. The head is simplified as a set of concentric spheres. Two sizes are evaluated representing human and mouse brains. Moreover, feasibility is assessed for wet and dry transcranial, and for cortically placed electrodes. The activity sources are modeled by dipoles, with their current intensity profile drawn from a power-law power spectral density. Results. It is shown that mechanical vibration modulates the endogenous activity onto the ultrasonic frequency. The signal strength depends non-linearly on the alignment between dipole orientation, vibration direction and recording point. The strongest signal is measured when these three dependencies are perfectly aligned. The signal strengths are in the pV-range for a dipole moment of 5 nAm and ultrasonic pressures within Food and Drug Administration (FDA)-limits. The endogenous activity can then be accurately reconstructed via demodulation. Two interference types are investigated: vibrational and static. Depending on the vibrational interference, it is shown that millimeter resolution signal detection is possible also for deep brain regions. Subsequently, successful demodulation depends on the static interference, that at MHz-range has to be sub-picovolt. Significance. Our results show that mechanical vibration is a possible underlying mechanism of acousto-electrophyisological neuroimaging. This paper is a first step towards improved understanding of the conditions under which AENI is feasible.
Reassessment of the Maximum Fault Rupture Length of Strike‐Slip Earthquakes and Inference on Mmax in the Anatolian Peninsula, Turkey

Seismic‐hazard analyses and stress tests for critical infrastructures show limitations in the treatment of extreme events. These extreme events can be great earthquakes and/or their cascading effects, generally not foreseen in risk analysis and management (e.g., Komendantova et al. , 2014). For instance, earthquake ruptures are known to potentially propagate over several segments (e.g., Eberhart‐Phillips et al. , 2003; Fliss et al. , 2005), yet fault segments are still modeled as individual faults in most regional seismic‐hazard models based on expert opinion and on limited paleoseismic data. Rate anomalies (known as the bulge) in the Uniform California Earthquake Rupture Forecast, Version 2 (UCERF2) are in part due to the neglect of possible links between fault segments (Field et al. , 2009). Recent catastrophes, such as the 2011 M w 9.0 Tohoku earthquake and its consequences (e.g., Norio et al. , 2011), have demonstrated the need for “a targeted reassessment of the safety margins” of critical infrastructures (European Nuclear Safety Regulators Group [ENSREG], 2011). The present study is designed to address the issue of potentially unforeseen great earthquakes (1) by proposing criteria for earthquake rupture cascading over fault segments based on geometrical and physical considerations and (2) by assessing the maximum magnitude ( M max) of these ruptures spanning hundreds of kilometers. Focus is on strike‐slip mechanisms. Different definitions of M max have been proposed based on the assumption that no earthquake is expected above that threshold, such as the maximum observed magnitude, the deterministic “maximum credible” magnitude (Reiter, 1990), and the statistical “maximum possible” magnitude (Kijko and Singh, 2011). The predictive power of the statistical approach has been recently shown to be rather poor (Zoller et al. , 2013). Furthermore, Holschneider et al. (2014) found it is essentially impossible to infer M max from earthquake catalogs alone. Our method to assess M max is directly related to the …
Antimicrobial Cyclic Dipeptides from Japanese Quail (Coturnix japonica) Eggs Supplemented with Probiotic Lactobacillus plantarum

Fifteen cyclic dipeptides (CDPs) containing proline, one cyclo(Phe-Ala) without proline, and a non-peptidyl DL-3-phenyllactic acid were previously identified in the culture filtrates of Lactobacillus plantarum LBP-K10, an isolate from kimchi. In this study, we used Japanese quail (Coturnix japonica) eggs to examine the effects of probiotic supplementation on the antimicrobial CDPs extracted from quail eggs (QE). Eggshell-free QE were obtained from two distinct groups of quails. The first group (K10N) comprised eggs from unsupplemented quails. The second group (K10S) comprised eggs from quails supplemented with Lb. plantarum LBP-K10. The QE samples were extracted using methylene chloride through a liquid-liquid extraction process. The resulting extract was fractionated into 16 parts using semi-preparative high-performance liquid chromatography. Two fractions, Q6 and Q9, were isolated from K10S and identified as cis-cyclo(L-Ser-L-Pro) and cis-cyclo(L-Leu-L-Pro). The Q9 fraction, containing cis-cyclo(L-Leu-L-Pro), has shown significant inhibitory properties against the proliferation of highly pathogenic multidrug-resistant bacteria, as well as human-specific and phytopathogenic fungi. Some of the ten combinations between the remaining fourteen unidentified fractions and two fractions, Q6 and Q9, containing cis-cyclo(L-Ser-L-Pro) and cis-cyclo(L-Leu-L-Pro) respectively, demonstrated a significant increase in activity against multidrug-resistant bacteria only when combined with Q9. The activity was 7.17 times higher compared to a single cis-cyclo(L-Leu-L-Pro). This study presents new findings on the efficacy of proline-containing CDPs in avian eggs. These CDPs provide antimicrobial properties when specific probiotics are supplemented.
Adolescents' mental health in the social-media era: The role of offline and online need-based experiences.

INTRODUCTION Debate about the precise role of social media use (SMU) in the mental health of today's adolescents is still ongoing. The present study adds to the literature by focusing on adolescents' experiences during SMU and in their offline activities through the lens of basic psychological needs, which are central to self-determination theory. METHODS To examine the joint and supplementary effects of need-experiences in the offline and SMU domain (i.e., SMU satisfaction, offline satisfaction, SMU frustration, offline frustration) on several indicators of adolescents' mental health (i.e., vitality, life satisfaction, sleep quality, anxiety, and depression), polynomial regression analyses were used. Three cross-sectional samples were collected in Belgium, including early to mid-adolescents during the COVID-pandemic (Sample 1; N = 447; Mage = 14.26; 54.4% female) as well as postpandemic (Sample 2; N = 179, Mage = 15.25; 54.2% female), and among college students in postpandemic times (Sample 3; N = 4977; Mage = 20.72; 69.1% female). RESULTS The results showed that need-experiences common to both domains were a robust factor associated with mental health. This finding was obtained across all samples and outcomes, with need satisfaction playing a beneficial and need frustration a harmful role. We further found that offline need-experiences serve as a more crucial predictor of adolescents' mental health than need experiences on social media. CONCLUSIONS Adolescents' experiences of need satisfaction and need frustration on social media and in offline activities are central to their mental health. However, only relying on SMU as a single source of need satisfaction may not be recommended, given that offline experiences seem to be more decisive.
Assessment of CMIP5 climate models and projected temperature changes over Northern Eurasia

Assessing the performance of climate models in surface air temperature (SAT) simulation and projection have received increasing attention during the recent decades. This paper assesses the performance of the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project phase 5 (CMIP5) in simulating intra-annual, annual and decadal temperature over Northern Eurasia from 1901 to 2005. We evaluate the skill of different multi-model ensemble techniques and use the best technique to project the future SAT changes under different emission scenarios. The results show that most of the general circulation models (GCMs) overestimate the annual mean SAT in Northern Eurasia and the difference between the observation and the simulations primarily comes from the winter season. Most of the GCMs can approximately capture the decadal SAT trend; however, the accuracy of annual SAT simulation is relatively low. The correlation coefficient R between each GCM simulation and the annual observation is in the range of 0.20 to 0.56. The Taylor diagram shows that the ensemble results generated by the simple model averaging (SMA), reliability ensemble averaging (REA) and Bayesian model averaging (BMA) methods are superior to any single GCM output; and the decadal SAT change generated by SMA, REA and BMA are almost identical during 1901–2005. Heuristically, the uncertainty of BMA simulation is the smallest among the three multi-model ensemble simulations. The future SAT projection generated by the BMA shows that the SAT in Northern Eurasia will increase in the 21st century by around 1.03 °C/100 yr, 3.11 °C/100 yr and 7.14 °C/100 yr under the RCP 2.6, RCP 4.5 and RCP 8.5 scenarios, respectively; and the warming accelerates with the increasing latitude. In addition, the spring season contributes most to the decadal warming occurring under the RCP 2.6 and RCP 4.5 scenarios, while the winter season contributes most to the decadal warming occurring under the RCP 8.5 scenario. Generally, the uncertainty of the SAT projections increases with time in the 21st century.
ALOS AVNIR-2 DIGITAL DATA ANALYSIS FOR TURBIDITY MAPPING IN SEMARANG COASTAL AREA, CENTRAL JAVA, INDONESIA

This study aims to determine the spectral response of ALOS AVNIR-2 satellite’s image on the turbidity of the waters and devise the algorithms for turbidity mapping in the coastal waters of Semarang City, Indonesia. The Remote Sensing Technology Center of Japan, RESTEC supported the ALOS AVNIR data and conducted the technical training on Application and Verification Project to support this research. The method used in this study is digital image processing and field survey. Digital image processing method including histogram adjustment for radiometry correction, rectification for geometry correction, cropping area of interest, masking the area for the separation of the mainland, statistical analysis to determine the spectral response of the image of water turbidity (R 2 ≥ 0.9) and algorithm model evaluation by using the Mean Normalized Bias (MNB) as an indicator of systematic error and the Root Mean Square (RMS) as an indicator of random error (Ouillon et al., 2008). The results of statistical analysis showed that the red channel and green channel on ALOS AVNIR-2 has a relatively high spectral response of the turbidity level (R 2 ≥ 0.9). The best algorithm model for the single spectral channel obtained from the red band with the MNB value is 22.65% and the RMS value is 32.09%. The best algorithm model for the dual channel spectral bands obtained from a combination of red and blue bands with the MNB value is 19.89% and the RMS value is 28.22%. Distribution of water turbidity levels in the waters of Semarang city has a range between 0.03 to 9.44 NTU. Key words: ALOS AVNIR-2, Turbidity Mapping and Coastal Area
Bonobos and chimpanzees remember familiar conspecifics for decades

Significance While human social memory lasts decades and tracks relationships, less is known about nonhuman ape long-term memory.We present evidence that both chimpanzees and bonobos recognize the faces of familiar conspecifics even after many years of separation. An eye-tracking task revealed that apes’ attention was biased toward former groupmates over strangers, and this pattern may persist for at least 26 y beyond separation. Apes’ memory may also represent the quality of their social relationships: Apes looked longer toward individuals with whom they had more positive relationships.Thus, critical properties of human memory may reflect deep homologies with other apes, likely providing the foundation for the emergence of complex cooperative relationships that operate across long time-scales.
Association of low muscle mass and obesity with increased all‐cause and cardiovascular disease mortality in US adults

Abstract Background Sarcopenic obesity, defined as the coexistence of low muscle mass and high adiposity, is associated with cardiovascular disease (CVD) and mortality. However, to what extent sarcopenia contributes to these risks independently or in conjunction with other cardiovascular risk factors remains unclear. This study aimed to investigate the association of low muscle mass, central obesity (COB), metabolic abnormalities, and their combinations with CVD and mortality risk. Methods This cross‐sectional analysis used data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 1999–2006 and 2011–2018. Participants aged >20 years and with reported whole‐body dual X‐ray absorptiometry data were included. Participants were divided into eight groups based on low muscle mass, metabolic abnormalities, and COB status. Results The mean age of participants was 55 years, and 50.4% of participants were male. Low muscle mass was observed in 2472 (14.6%) out of 16 839 participants. Among the eight groups, the metabolically unhealthy COB group with low muscle mass had the highest hazard ratio (HR) for all‐cause mortality (HR, 2.00; 95% CI, 1.56–2.56; P < 0.001), whereas the metabolically healthy COB group with low muscle mass had the highest HR for CVD mortality (HR, 3.18; 95% CI, 1.53–6.65; P = 0.001). The mediation analysis showed that low muscle mass directly increased the risk of both all‐cause mortality (HR, 1.56; 95% CI, 1.35–1.79; P < 0.001) and CVD mortality (HR, 1.80; 95% CI, 1.40–2.31; P < 0.001). Additionally, subgroup analysis revealed that low muscle mass significantly increased the risk of all‐cause and CVD mortality in participants without a prior CVD history and those with diabetes mellitus. Conclusions Low muscle mass is an independent risk factor for all‐cause and CVD mortality, especially in individuals with metabolic abnormalities and COB.
The Mediating Role of Psychological Well-Being in the Relationship Between Self-Management and Quality of Life in Patients With Hypertension

This study applied a cross-sectional design to examine the relationship between self-management, psychological well-being, and quality of life in patients with hypertension and evaluated the mediation effect of psychological well-being on self-management and quality of life. Through purposive sampling, this study enrolled 255 patients with hypertension from the cardiology department of a teaching hospital in Taiwan. Mediation effects were estimated using linear regression and the Sobel test. Age, number of chronic diseases, waist circumference, self-management, and psychological well-being explained 18.7% of the total variance in quality of life. Psychological well-being partially mediated the effects of self-management on quality of life, with a total effect of 19.2%. Psychological well-being is an important factor correlated with self-management and quality of life in patients with hypertension.