Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Linear Network Coding Over Rings – Part I: Scalar Codes and Commutative Alphabets

Linear network coding over finite fields is a well-studied problem. We consider the more general setting of linear coding for directed acyclic networks with finite commutative ring alphabets. Our results imply that for scalar linear network coding over commutative rings, fields can always be used when the alphabet size is flexible, but other rings may be needed when the alphabet size is fixed. We prove that if a network has a scalar linear solution over some finite commutative ring, then the (unique) smallest such commutative ring is a field. We also show that fixed-size commutative rings are quasi-ordered, such that all the scalar linearly solvable networks over any given ring are also scalar linearly solvable over any higher-ordered ring. We study commutative rings that are maximal with respect to this quasi-order, as they may be considered the best commutative rings of a given size. We prove that a commutative ring is maximal if and only if some network is scalar linearly solvable over the ring, but not over any other commutative ring of the same size. Furthermore, we show that maximal commutative rings are direct products of certain fields specified by the integer partitions of the prime factor multiplicities of the ring’s size. Finally, we prove that there is a unique maximal commutative ring of size <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$m$ </tex-math></inline-formula> if and only if each prime factor of <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$m$ </tex-math></inline-formula> has multiplicity in {1, 2, 3, 4, 6}. As consequences, 1) every finite field is such a maximal ring and 2) for each prime <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$p$ </tex-math></inline-formula>, some network is scalar linearly solvable over a commutative ring of size <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$p^{k}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> but not over the field of the same size if and only if <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$k \not \in \{1,2,3,4,6\}$ </tex-math></inline-formula>.
Robust Tracking Based on Failure Recovery

Object tracking is a issue in the domain of computer visual, most of current state-of-art approaches for visual tracking adapt tracking-by-detection, using detection to address tracking problem. While suitable for cases when the object is always in the sense and these algorithms always results in failures and can’t track back after failure. This paper we propose a tracking method based on failure recovery. After we choose an object to tracking in the first frame, the object is tracked by improved optical flow method forward and backward in time then compute the distance between these two trajectories. While the distance larger then threshold tracking likely to fail, but the latest object model return by detector will re-initialize the tracker. Tracking an object on camera video approve our approach can work at 20fps with long-time robustness. DOI : http://dx.doi. org/10.11591/telkomnika.v12i2. 4214
The virtual cinematographer: a paradigm for automatic real-time camera control and directing

This paper presents a paradigm for automatically generating complete camera specifications for capturing events in virtual 3D environments in real-time. We describe a fully implemented system, called the Virtual Cinematographer, and demonstrate its application in a virtual "party" setting. Cinematographic expertise, in the form of film idioms, is encoded as a set of small hierarchically organized finite state machines. Each idiom is responsible for capturing a particular type of scene, such as three virtual actors conversing or one actor moving across the environment. The idiom selects shot types and the timing of transitions between shots to best communicate events as they unfold. A set of camera modules, shared by the idioms, is responsible for the low-level geometric placement of specific cameras for each shot. The camera modules are also responsible for making subtle changes in the virtual actors? positions to best frame each shot. In this paper, we discuss some basic heuristics of filmmaking and show how these ideas are encoded in the Virtual Cinematographer.
Conflict-aware load-balancing techniques for database replication

Middleware-based database replication protocols are more portable and flexible than kernel-based protocols, but have coarser-grain information about transaction access data, resulting in reduced concurrency and increased aborts. This paper proposes conflict-aware load-balancing techniques to increase the concurrency and reduce the abort rate of middleware-based replication protocols. Experimental evaluation using a prototype of our system running the TPC-C benchmark showed that aborts can be reduced with no penalty in response time.
A Retrospective Analysis of the Treatment of Melasma Using a Fractional Long-Pulsed Alexandrite Laser in Korean Patients

BACKGROUND Long-pulsed, 755-nm, alexandrite lasers have been shown to be effective and safe in the treatment of pigmentary lesions. OBJECTIVE Clinical outcomes and side effects in the treatment of melasma using a fractional, long-pulsed, alexandrite laser were assessed. MATERIALS AND METHODS Forty-eight patients with melasma received 2 to 4 treatment sessions of fractional, long-pulsed, alexandrite laser at 2 to 3 weeks intervals. The parameter of treatment was 60 to 80 J/cm2 without dynamic cooling device using 15-mm spot size of fractional hand piece, with a 0.5- to 1-millisecond pulse width. RESULTS The mean modified melasma area and severity index score decreased significantly 2 months after the final treatment compared with baseline (16.5 ± 8.2 vs 11.5 ± 7.0; p = .002). The patients with epidermal type melasma were more effective compared to dermal type (p < .001). CONCLUSION Long-pulsed alexandrite lasers using a fractional hand piece are moderately effective in the treatment of melasma with low risk of adverse effects, and it is suggested that fractional, long-pulsed, alexandrite laser with combination of other modalities can be an additional therapeutic option in patients with melasma.
A Study to Evaluate the Humanoid Future of Robotics

Humanoid robots are now developing as a viable area of study and development in the field of robotics, which has seen major improvements in recent years. Robots that resemble and mimic humans are called humanoids, and they may work alongside people in a variety of contexts. With a focus on their possible uses, technical difficulties, and societal effects, this research study intends to investigate and assess the future possibilities of humanoid robotics. This research intends to offer insightful perspectives into the future of this quickly developing technology by assessing the state of humanoid robots today and analyzing trends and advances in the industry.
The Effectiveness of Augmented Reality in Developing Pre-Primary Student's Cognitive Skills

Augmented Reality (AR) has grown in popularity and pervasiveness in recent years. The technological advancements in AR has made it possible to develop innovative learning tools. Rich media can be superimposed on the real world using augmented reality. Web- enabled devices such as phones and tablets can access the information, which implies that it is accessible to students at the precise time and location they need and does not limit them to just classroom learning. This study aims to discuss the pedagogical possibilities offered by augmented reality while reviewing its applications in both mainstream society and education. Additionally, it underlines the potential of augmented reality for fostering digital literacy in the years leading up to kindergarten by improving learning capacities, 3-D visualization, and topic understanding which can be accessed remotely on the devices.
Impact of an additional chronic BDNF reduction on learning performance in an Alzheimer mouse model

There is increasing evidence that brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) plays a crucial role in Alzheimer’s disease (AD) pathology. A number of studies demonstrated that AD patients exhibit reduced BDNF levels in the brain and the blood serum, and in addition, several animal-based studies indicated a potential protective effect of BDNF against Aβ-induced neurotoxicity. In order to further investigate the role of BDNF in the etiology of AD, we created a novel mouse model by crossing a well-established AD mouse model (APP/PS1) with a mouse exhibiting a chronic BDNF deficiency (BDNF+/−). This new triple transgenic mouse model enabled us to further analyze the role of BDNF in AD in vivo. We reasoned that in case BDNF has a protective effect against AD pathology, an AD-like phenotype in our new mouse model should occur earlier and/or in more severity than in the APP/PS1-mice. Indeed, the behavioral analysis revealed that the APP/PS1-BDNF+/−-mice show an earlier onset of learning impairments in a two-way active avoidance task in comparison to APP/PS1- and BDNF+/−-mice. However in the Morris water maze (MWM) test, we could not observe an overall aggrevated impairment in spatial learning and also short-term memory in an object recognition task remained intact in all tested mouse lines. In addition to the behavioral experiments, we analyzed the amyloid plaque pathology in the APP/PS1 and APP/PS1-BDNF+/−-mice and observed a comparable plaque density in the two genotypes. Moreover, our results revealed a higher plaque density in prefrontal cortical compared to hippocampal brain regions. Our data reveal that higher cognitive tasks requiring the recruitment of cortical networks appear to be more severely affected in our new mouse model than learning tasks requiring mainly sub-cortical networks. Furthermore, our observations of an accelerated impairment in active avoidance learning in APP/PS1-BDNF+/−-mice further supports the hypothesis that BDNF deficiency amplifies AD-related cognitive dysfunctions.
Möbius-Coupled SRR (Split Ring Resonator) Oscillator Extends High-Performance Signal Generations into K-band

Contemporary trends in SRR-inspired coupled resonator tank circuits show a note-worthy front-runner in low-phase noise power-efficient high-frequency signal generations for the current (5G) and later generation communication systems. Responding to this requisite, this paper provides an of the application of Möbius-Coupled SSR for the realization of low-cost compact size signal sources with low phase noise (typically- 125 dBc/Hz at 10 kHz offset, operating frequency 30 GHz, power dissipation 4. 75V, 35.2mA) through K-band.
See you on the subway: exploring mobile social software

This project explores the social possibilities of mobile technology in transitional spaces such as public transport. Based on a cultural probes study of Stockholm subway commuters, we designed a location-based friend finder that displays only people in the same train as the user. We aim at reaching a critical mass of users and therefore decided to make the system compatible with as many phones as possible, thus it was designed as a simple web application. An initial informal study pointed out consequences of certain design decisions on the user experience and highlighted social tensions created by presence awareness.
Understanding Atmospheric Anomalies Associated With Seasonal Pluvial‐Drought Processes Using Southwest China as an Example

Seasonal pluvial‐drought transition processes are unique natural phenomena. To explore possible mechanisms, we considered Southwest China (SWC) as the study region and comprehensively investigated the temporal evolution or spatial patterns of large‐scale and regional atmospheric variables with the simple method of Standardized Anomalies (SA). Some key procedures and results include the following: (1) Because regional atmospheric variables are more directly responsible for the transition processes, we investigate it in detail. The temporal evolution of net vertical integral water vapor flux (net VIWVF) across SWC, together with vertical SA‐based patterns of regional horizontal divergence (D) and vertical motion (ω), coincides well with pluvial‐drought transition processes. (2) With respect to large‐scale circulation patterns, a well‐organized Eurasian (EU) Pattern is one important feature during the pluvial‐drought transitions over SWC. (3) Based on these large‐scale and regional atmospheric anomalous features, relevant SA‐based indices were built, to explore the possibility of simulating drought development using previous pluvial anomalies. As a whole, simulated drought development only with SA‐based indices of large‐scale circulation patterns does not perform well. Further, it can be improved a lot when SA‐based indices of regional D and net VIWVF are introduced. (4) In addition, the potential drought prediction using pluvial anomalies, together with the deep understanding of physical mechanisms responsible for pluvial‐drought transitions, need to be further explored.
Effects of chronic inhibition of inducible nitric oxide synthase in hyperthyroid rats.

We hypothesized that nitric oxide generated by inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) may contribute to the homeostatic role of this agent in hyperthyroidism and may, therefore, participate in long-term control of blood pressure (BP). The effects of chronic iNOS inhibition by oral aminoguanidine (AG) administration on BP and morphological and renal variables in hyperthyroid rats were analyzed. The following four groups (n = 8 each) of male Wistar rats were used: control group and groups treated with AG (50 mg.kg(-1). day(-1), via drinking water), thyroxine (T4, 50 microg.rat(-1). day(-1)), or AG + T4. All treatments were maintained for 3 wk. Tail systolic BP and heart rate (HR) were recorded weekly. Finally, we measured BP (mmHg) and HR in conscious rats and morphological, plasma, and renal variables. T(4) administration produced a small BP (125 +/- 2, P < 0.05) increase vs. control (115 +/- 2) rats. AG administration to normal rats did not modify BP (109 +/- 3) or any other hemodynamic variable. However, coadministration of T4 and AG produced a marked increase in BP (140 +/- 3, P < 0.01 vs. T4). Pulse pressure and HR were increased in both T4- and T4 + AG -treated groups without differences between them. Plasma NOx (micromol/l) were increased in the T4 group (10.02 +/- 0.15, P < 0.05 vs. controls 6.1 +/- 0.10), and AG reduced this variable in T4-treated rats (6.81 +/- 0.14, P < 0.05 vs. T4) but not in normal rats (5.78 +/- 0.20). Renal and ventricular hypertrophy and proteinuria of hyperthyroid rats were unaffected by AG treatment. In conclusion, the results of the present paper indicate that iNOS activity may counterbalance the prohypertensive effects of T4.
Oral Disease Image Detection System Using Transfer Learning

This paper presents a comprehensive approach to detect oral disease using image detection method. Oral disease is usually checked with the presence of dentist, however, with the trend of dentist growing slower and slower, a solution is needed to overcome such problem. Our methodology uses the image recognition technique to visually detect any possible oral disease from the uploaded picture. There are total seven oral disease will be tested in this research which are calculus, data caries, gingivitis, hypodontia, mouth ulcer, oral cancer and discoloration. The system achieved a validation accuracy rate of at least 80% in detecting specified oral disease. However, certain limitations were identified, such as challenges to obtain sufficient datasets from the internet. This paper also discusses the implications and prospects of extending this approach to accommodate a wider range of oral disease that can be visually examined.
An Optimal Morphing Between Polylines

We address the problem of continuously transforming or morphing one simple polyline into another so that every point p of the initial polyline moves to a point q of the final polyline using the geodesic shortest path from p to q. We optimize the width of the morphing, that is, the longest path made by a point on the polyline. We present an algorithm for finding the minimum width morphing in 0(n) time using 0(n) space, where n is the total number of vertices of polylines. This improves the previous algorithm by a factor of log n. Keywords'. Morphing; polylines; skeleton; shortest path.
Cutting-edge AI Techniques for Remarkable New Product Promotions

Technological advancement has transformed marketing by making advertising more customized and helping marketers deliver targeted advertisements. More data from consumers collected via loyalty cards and mobile payment is now available to supermarkets. The technology to analyse and process the data and produce patterns and trends in consumer shopping habits is also available. This research examines the role of artificial intelligence in new product promotion. By incorporating feedback from 200 supermarket chain store shoppers across ten different branches of the chain store, this research demonstrates that artificial intelligence plays an essential role in influencing the acceptance of new products. The research process entailed reaching out to individuals who had been shopping at the chain store and requesting them to engage in an interviewing process. The research reflects that although targeted marketing helped with product acceptance, pricing was a factor the shoppers considered while faced with a choice between a product they are used to and a new product. It argues that continued technology adoption in the chain store helped arrive at more correct decisions on personalized product promotion. Consumers get better access to new products they would ordinarily not take note of. This study examines how artificial intelligence is a viable product promotion method that enables the acceptance of new products.
Modeling Flows and Concentrations of Nine Engineered Nanomaterials in the Danish Environment

Predictions of environmental concentrations of engineered nanomaterials (ENM) are needed for their environmental risk assessment. Because analytical data on ENM-concentrations in the environment are not yet available, exposure modeling represents the only source of information on ENM exposure in the environment. This work provides material flow data and environmental concentrations of nine ENM in Denmark. It represents the first study that distinguishes between photostable TiO2 (as used in sunscreens) and photocatalytic TiO2 (as used in self-cleaning surfaces). It also provides first exposure estimates for quantum dots, carbon black and CuCO3. Other ENM that are covered are ZnO, Ag, CNT and CeO2. The modeling is based for all ENM on probability distributions of production, use, environmental release and transfer between compartments, always considering the complete life-cycle of products containing the ENM. The magnitude of flows and concentrations of the various ENM depends on the one hand on the production volume but also on the type of products they are used in and the life-cycles of these products and their potential for release. The results reveal that in aquatic systems the highest concentrations are expected for carbon black and photostable TiO2, followed by CuCO3 (under the assumption that the use as wood preservative becomes important). In sludge-treated soil highest concentrations are expected for CeO2 and TiO2. Transformation during water treatments results in extremely low concentrations of ZnO and Ag in the environment. The results of this study provide valuable environmental exposure information for future risk assessments of these ENM.
Point-versus interval-based temporal data models

The association of timestamps with various data items such as tuples or attribute values is fundamental to the management of time varying information. Using intervals in timestamps, as do most data models, leaves a data model with a variety of choices for giving a meaning to timestamps. Specifically, some such data models claim to be point based while other data models claim to be interval based. The meaning chosen for timestamps is important it has a pervasive effect on most aspects of a data model, including database design, a variety of query language properties, and query processing techniques, e.g., the availability of query optimization opportunities. The paper precisely defines the notions of point based and interval based temporal data models, thus providing a new formal basis for characterizing temporal data models and obtaining new insights into the properties of their query languages. Queries in point based models treat snapshot equivalent argument relations identically. This renders point based models insensitive to coalescing. In contrast, queries in interval based models give significance to the actual intervals used in the timestamps, thus generally treating non identical, but possibly snapshot equivalent relations differently. The paper identifies the notion of time fragment preservation as the essential defining property of an interval based data model.
Natural Language Dialogue Service for Appointment Scheduling Agents

Appointment scheduling is a problem faced daily by many individuals and organizations. Cooperating agent systems have been developed to partially automate this task. In order to extend the circle of participants as far as possible we advocate the use of natural language transmitted by email. We describe COSMA, a fully implemented German language server for existing appointment scheduling agent systems. COSMA can cope with multiple dialogues in parallel, and accounts for differences in dialogue behaviour between human and machine agents. NL coverage of the sublanguage is achieved through both corpus-based grammar development and the use of message extraction techniques.
Raw Packet Data Ingestion with Transformers for Malicious Activity Classifications

Traffic diversity, novel attacks, and sheer volume of network traffic creates a significant challenge in detecting and identifying malicious actions against a network. Due to these factors, human auditing of network events is unfeasible, requiring advanced approaches, such as machine learning techniques. Furthermore, the increasing novelty of network attacks render traditional filtering mechanisms unable to handle such threats. In this paper, we propose a novel, natural language processing approach to detecting malicious, network-based attacks, using ByT5. Our approach classifies network packet data as malicious or benign. ByT5 is a token-free sequence to sequence model, enabling the model to take in raw packet streams and classify the packets without feature extraction or preprocessing via an encoding schema. The results of our approach in classifying traffic as benign or malicious indicates promising results. Namely, when applied to the ISOT dataset, our approach achieves a maximal recall of 0.834 and a maximal F1 score of 0.693.
AGE RELATED COGNITIVE IMPAIRMENTS AND ASSISTIVE WEB-BASE TECHNOLOGY

Several researchers argue that age related cognitive impairments have detrimental affect on use of web services by older adults. However little and systematic applied research has been conducted on how age related cognitive impairments might affect the usage of web services by older adults. Undoubtedly, understanding the relationship between the cognitive changes that accompany aging and their impact on older adults’ usage of web services will be beneficial for designing web services for this group. The paper demonstrates how such understanding has been employed to develop an assistive technology in order to improve older adults’ interaction with online forms.