Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Convergent and Discriminant Validity of the Internalizing Symptoms Scale for Children

The Internalizing Symptoms Scale for Children (ISSC) is a relatively new self-report measure designed to assess the broad domain of internalizing problems of children and to integrate the two- and three-factor models of affect proposed by Watson, Clark, and colleagues (cf. Watson & Clark, 1992). To date, limited research has been conducted investigating the performance of the negative affect/general distress and positive affect dimensions of the ISSC. The present research investigated convergent and discriminant validity coefficients between domain-specific self-report (RCDS, RCMAS, SSRS) and peer-report (PNID) measures with both the ISSC total and subscale scores. Validity coefficients support the continued use of the ISSC total score as a measure of distress that compares favorably with other commonly used measures. Correlations between ISSC subscales and other self-report measures indicate that the relationships between positive affect and negative affect and anxiety and depression proposed in the adult literature may also apply to children. Implications for clinical practice and future research are discussed.
Speech-accommodation theories: a discussion in terms of second-language acquisition

The study of linguistic variation in social contexts has captured the imaginations of scholars in various social and language-related sciences. The desire to understand the relationship between linguistic and social variables gave rise to the multidisciplinary field of sociolinguistics, which, according to Hymes (1972), has at its heart the study of speech diversity in different social settings. While acknowledging the fact that sociolinguistics has in the last decade made great strides forward by informing us how, when, and where we modulate our speech, some social psychologists of language have nevertheless voiced dissatisfactions with the current state of the art. Reservations expressed by social psychologists have been primarily on theoretical grounds. First, they claim, traditional sociolinguistics has been more descriptive than explanatory, thus lacking power of prediction. Second, sociolinguistics has mainly highlighted correlations between linguistic and large-scale, objectively defined social variables (e.g. SES, age, and sex groupings), thereby downgrading empirically the idea that speakers' own subjective attitudes, perceptions of situations, cognitive and affective dispositions, and the like may interact to determine their speech outputs. Third, social psychologists of language assert that sociolinguistics, in line with its tendency to exclude language from definitions of social and structural variables, cannot entertain fully the idea that language can often assume the role of an independent variable by creating, defining, and negotiating social settings. Exceptions are acknowledged, e.g. Labov (1970), Sankoff (1971) and Scotton (1980). These sociolinguists have attempted to address some of the issues by employing social psychological phenomena such as attitudes, intentions, and motivations as determinants of verbal behavior and by considering some of the creative and negative functions of speech. Some sociolinguists, for their part, acknowledge the contributions that social psychologists of language have made toward (1) predicting and explaining linguistic variation in social contexts, and (2) integrating speakers' feelings, values, attitudes, and perceptions into their research design. Most sociolinguists, however, have not incorporated the findings of the social psychologists
Efficient channel estimation for chip multiuser detection on underwater acoustic channels

Two different single-element synchronous downlink multiple access schemes, interleave division multiple access (IDMA) and code division multiple access (CDMA) in conjunction with channel estimation, are considered for underwater communications channels. The proposed hard/soft chip channel estimation and carrier phase tracking are jointly optimized based on the mean square error (MSE) criterion and adopted iteratively by the reconstructed multiple access interference (MAI) signal, which is generated using exchanged soft information in terms of log-likelihood ratio (LLR) estimates with the single-users' channel decoders. The performance of the proposed receiver structures are investigated and compared in short range shallow water acoustic channels. Results for synchronous multiuser scenarios with 2 users, using quadrature phase-shift keying (QPSK) at an effective rate of 439.5 b/s per user, demonstrate significant performance improvement in both systems, and the IDMA performance outperforms long-code CDMA and short-code CDMA in most configurations.
The lacrimal gland transcriptome is an unusually rich source of rare and poorly characterized gene transcripts.

PURPOSE To sequence and comprehensively analyze human and mouse lacrimal gland transcriptomes as part of the NEIBank project. METHODS cDNA libraries generated from normal human and mouse lacrimal glands were sequenced and analyzed by PHRED, RepeatMasker, BLAST, and GRIST. Human "lacrimal-preferred genes" and putative gene regulatory elements were respectively identified in UniGene and ConSite, and gene clustering was analyzed by chromosomal mapping. "Hypothetical proteins," identified by keyword search, were verified by genomic alignment and queried in the Conserved Domain database and GEO Profiles. RESULTS The top six transcripts in human and mouse differed, revealing a previously unappreciated molecular divergence. The human transcriptome is enriched with transcripts from 29 lacrimal-preferred genes and a content of poorly characterized hypothetical proteins, proportionally greater than in all other tissues. Only 45% of lacrimal preferred, but 71% of hypotheticals, have mouse orthologs. Many of the latter display apparently altered cancer expression in the CGAP SAGE library collection-often in keeping with predicted WD40, protein kinase, Src homology 2 and 3, RhoGEF, and pleckstrin homology domains involved in cell signaling. At the genomic level, lacrimal-expressed genes show some evidence of clustering, particularly on human chromosomes 9 and 12. Binding sites for TFAP2A, FOXC1, and other transcription factors are predicted. CONCLUSIONS Interspecies divergence cautions against use of mouse models of human dry eye syndromes. Lacrimal preferred and hypothetical proteins, gene clustering, and putative gene regulatory elements together provide new clues for a molecular understanding of lacrimal gland function and mechanisms of coordinated tissue-specific transcriptional regulation.
Chronic kidney disease and the aging population.

The proportion of older people in the general population is steadily increasing worldwide, with the most rapid growth in lowand middle-income countries [1]. This demographic change is to be celebrated, because it is the consequence of socioeconomic development and better life expectancy. However, population aging also has important implications for society—in diverse areas including health systems, labor markets, public policy, social programs and family dynamics [2]. A successful response to the aging population will require capitalizing on the opportunities that this transition offers, as well as effectively addressing its challenges. Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is an important public health problem that is characterized by poor health outcomes and very high health-care costs. CKD is a major risk multiplier in patients with diabetes, hypertension, heart disease and stroke—all of which are key causes of death and disability in older people [3]. Since the prevalence of CKD is higher in older people, the health impact of population aging will depend in part on how the kidney community responds. March 13, 2014 will mark the celebration of the 9th World Kidney Day (WKD), an annual event jointly sponsored by the International Society of Nephrology and the International Federation of Kidney Foundations. Since its inception in 2006, WKD has become the most successful effort to raise awareness among policymakers and the general public about the importance of kidney disease. The topic for WKD 2014 is ‘CKD in older people’. This article reviews the key links between kidney function, age, health and illness—and discusses the implications of the aging population for the care of people with CKD. EPIDEMIOLOGY OF AGING
The Adaptive Radiation of Cichlid Fish in Lake Tanganyika: A Morphological Perspective

Lake Tanganyika is the oldest of the Great Ancient Lakes in the East Africa. This lake harbours about 250 species of cichlid fish, which are highly diverse in terms of morphology, behaviour, and ecology. Lake Tanganyika's cichlid diversity has evolved through explosive speciation and is treated as a textbook example of adaptive radiation, the rapid differentiation of a single ancestor into an array of species that differ in traits used to exploit their environments and resources. To elucidate the processes and mechanisms underlying the rapid speciation and adaptive radiation of Lake Tanganyika's cichlid species assemblage it is important to integrate evidence from several lines of research. Great efforts have been, are, and certainly will be taken to solve the mystery of how so many cichlid species evolved in so little time. In the present review, we summarize morphological studies that relate to the adaptive radiation of Lake Tanganyika's cichlids and highlight their importance for understanding the process of adaptive radiation.
Computerized clinical simulations: a strategy for staff development in critical care.

BACKGROUND Identifying the learning needs of employees and evaluating the results of staff development offerings are essential elements of the responsibilities of the staff development educator. High patient acuity, the shortage of critical care nurses, and rapidly changing technology within the critical care environment demand the provision of staff development offerings that are appropriate for the learning needs of critical care nurses and the evaluation of the effect of programs on critical care nursing practice. OBJECTIVE The purposes of this descriptive, correlational study were to compare the ability of a knowledge test, a self-evaluation tool, and computerized clinical simulations to discriminate between nurses with varied levels of knowledge and experience, and to compare the learning needs identified from the three types of evaluative instruments. METHODS Each subject (n = 142) completed the Basic Knowledge Assessment Tool for Critical Care, Cardiovascular Self-Evaluation Tool, and four computerized clinical simulations. RESULTS Both the Basic Knowledge Assessment Tool and the Cardiovascular Self-Evaluation Tool discriminated between experienced/inexperienced and Advanced Cardiac Life Support-certified/noncertified critical care nurses. The computerized clinical simulations discriminated according to Advanced Cardiac Life Support certification, but not between experienced and inexperienced critical care nurses. The computerized clinical simulations identified more specific learning needs than did the Basic Knowledge Assessment Tool or Cardiovascular Self-Evaluation Tool. CONCLUSIONS The evidence for discriminant validity, adequate internal consistency reliability, and ease of administration supports the continued use of these two tools as methods for critical care staff development needs assessment and evaluation. In addition, the study findings support the use of computerized clinical simulations as an adjunct to other needs assessment and evaluation methods in nursing staff development.
Eosinophilic Structure: Should it be Included in Routine Cytology Reporting of Tuberculosis Lymphadenitis?

INTRODUCTION Fine needle aspiration cytology is a simple, rapid procedure routinely employed for the diagnosis of tuberculosis lymphadenitis. Positivity for acid fast bacilli (AFB) in Ziehl-Neilsen stained smear is still considered as gold standard for diagnosis of Tuberculosis, but all lesions may not yield AFB, thus pose diagnostic problems. Few cytomorphological changes i.e. Eosinophilic structure (ES) in the stained smears correlates with the presence of AFB thus, helping us in rapid diagnosis. AIM To evaluate the correlation between AFB and ES in necrotic lymph node aspirates. MATERIALS AND METHODS This is a retrospective study conducted from January to December 2014. Lymphnodes upon purulent aspiration which were reported as granulomatous lymphadenitis suggestive of tuberculosis were included in the study. All the stained smears (H&E, MGG and ZN Stains) for each case were retrieved from the files and rescreened for the presence of ES, granulomas and AFB. Presences of ES were correlated with AFB. STATISTICAL ANALYSIS Stastistical analysis was done using Chi-square test. RESULTS Our study included 103 cases. The common age group involved was 21-40 years, with female predominance. Cervical lymph nodes were most commonly involved. In relation to ES and AFB, four different cytological pictures were seen i.e., ES and AFB-(31%); ES-AFB+(16.5%); ES+, AFB+(39%); ES+AFB-(14.5%). Chi-square test showed a highly significant stastistical association between ES and AFB with p=0.001. CONCLUSION Eosinophilic structure is one of the cytomorphological features to be considered in necrotic lymph node aspirate which has a significant correlation with AFB in the smears. Hence pathologist should search for this, and it should be included in routine cytology reporting of tuberculosis lymphadenitis.
Tone influence and word boundaries in stuttering and fluent adolescents and adults.

BACKGROUND this study examines the linguistic features that may influence the occurrence of speech boundaries in fluent and stuttering individuals. AIM the study seeks to examine the influences of tone and position in a word on the occurrence of speech boundaries in stuttering and fluent adolescents and adults. METHOD one hundred and twenty individuals took part in this study, both male and female, with ages between 12.0 and 49.11 years old, and were divided into 4 groups: research group 1 (RG1), with 30 stuttering adolescents; research group 2 (RG2), with 30 stuttering adults; control group 1 (CG1), with 30 fluent adolescents; and control group 2 (GC2), with 30 fluent adults. Speech samples containing 200 fluent syllables were collected. In the speech samples, the broken syllables were analyzed according to their tone (unstressed, pre-stressed or stressed) and according to the position in the word (initial, middle or final syllable). RESULTS for tone, there was no statistically significant difference in the number of boundaries between the evaluated tones for any of the tested groups. For the location of the broken syllable, there was a predominance of broken syllables in the initial position of words for the stuttering groups of speakers. For the fluent groups, the ruptures were more frequent in the final syllable. CONCLUSION the results of this study reinforce the theory that broken speech is mainly a consequence of slow phonological coding and a corresponding slowness in the building up and recovery of the phonetic plan.
Externalities in Exchange Networks

The present paper extends the focus of network exchange research to externalities in exchange networks. Externalities of exchange are defined as direct effects on an actor’s utility, of an exchange in which this actor is not involved. Existing theories in the field of network exchange do not inform us on how externalities are predicted to affect behavior in exchange networks. Three prominent theories in the field, core theory, power dependence theory and exchange resistance theory, are extended to exchange networks with externalities, allowing three main conclusions about the expected effects of externalities in exchange networks: externalities (i) change actors’ payoffs, (ii) change the exchange pattern, and (iii) change the power distribution across actors. The investigated theories yield predictions concerning the occurrence and magnitude of these effects. A method is proposed to separate the effect of (i) the network, (ii) the externalities, and (iii) the interaction between network and externalities.
Differentiation of the Emerging Human Pathogens Trichosporon asahii and Trichosporon asteroides from Other Pathogenic Yeasts and Moulds by Using Species-Specific Monoclonal Antibodies

The fungal genus Trichosporon contains emerging opportunistic pathogens of humans, and is the third most commonly isolated non-candidal yeast from humans. Trichosporon asahii and T. asteroides are the most important species causing disseminated disease in immunocompromised patients, while inhalation of T. asahii spores is the most important cause of summer-type hypersensitivity pneumonitis in healthy individuals. Trichosporonosis is misdiagnosed as candidiasis or cryptococcosis due to a lack of awareness and the ambiguity of diagnostic tests for these pathogens. In this study, hybridoma technology was used to produce two murine monoclonal antibodies (MAbs), CA7 and TH1, for detection and differentiation of Trichosporon from other human pathogenic yeasts and moulds. The MAbs react with extracellular antigens from T. asahii and T. asteroides, but do not recognise other related Trichosporon spp. , or unrelated pathogenic yeasts and moulds including Candida, Cryptococcus, Aspergillus, Fusarium, and Scedosporium spp. , or the etiologic agents of mucormycosis. Immunofluorescence and Western blotting studies show that MAb CA7, an immunoglobulin G1 (IgG1), binds to a major 60 kDa glycoprotein antigen produced on the surface of hyphae, while TH1, an immunoglobulin M (IgM), binds to an antigen produced on the surface of conidia. The MAbs were used in combination with a standard mycological growth medium (Sabouraud Dextrose Agar) to develop an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) for differentiation of T. asahii from Candida albicans and Cryptococcus neoformans in single and mixed species cultures. The MAbs represent a major advance in the identification of T. asahii and T. asteroides using standard mycological identification methods.
The Use of the Zebrafish (Danio rerio) Embryo for the Acute Toxicity Testing of Surfactants, as a Possible Alternative to the Acute Fish Test

At present, the acute toxicity of chemicals to fish is most commonly estimated by means of a short-term test on juvenile or adult animals (OECD TG 203). Although, over the last few years, the numbers used have been reduced due to the implementation of the Three Rs (Reduction, Refinement and Replacement), significant numbers of fish are still used in acute toxicity tests. With the introduction of the new European Registration, Evaluation, Authorisation and Restriction of Chemicals (REACH) system, this number is likely to increase dramatically. The aim of this work was to test the acute toxicity of a number of anionic, cationic and non-ionic surfactants to embryos of the zebrafish (Danio rerio), over 48 hours, as a possible alternative to the standard 96-hour fish acute test. We measured the toxicities of 15 surfactants, and compared the results to previously generated adult D. rerio LC50 data (or other fish species, if these data were not available). Comparison of the LC50 data showed that embryos appear to be as sensitive to cationic and non-ionic surfactants as the adult fish, but possibly are more sensitive to anionic surfactants. Toxicity testing with the embryo test can be carried out more quickly than with the adult test, uses much less space and media, requires less effort, and therefore can be performed at a reduced cost. The embryo test may also uncover additional sub-lethal effects, although these were not observed for surfactants. The data presented here show that the 48-hour embryo test can be considered as a suitable alternative to the adult acute fish test for surfactants.
Predictive Caching in Computer Grids

We present a model for predictive caching where a shared cache is used to improve performance across a grid. Unlike local caching mechanisms, shared, grid or cloud-based caches incur high costs or latency associated with the additional data transfer. Our proposed caching model, which is dynamically optimized and constantly updated over time, determines the optimal allocation of objects into the shared cache, in such a way that the total cost or latency is minimized. This is achieved by including in the caching algorithm design measures of grid latency, data retrieval costs and a predictive component based on the probability of cached objects being requested in the near future.
Dynamic Analysis Techniques for the Reconstruction of Architectural Views

Gaining an understanding of software systems is an important discipline in many software engineering contexts. It is essential that sofiware engineers are assisted as much as possible during this task, e.g., by using tools and techniques that provide architectural views on the software at hand. This Ph.D. research addresses this issue by employing dynamic analysis for the reconstruction of such views from running systems. The aim is to devise new abstraction techniques and novel visualizations, to combine them, and to assess the benefits through substantial case studies and controlled experiments. This paper describes our approach, reports on the results thus far, and outlines our future steps.
Scale Development and Validation for E-Leaming System Success in an Organizational Setting

To save training time and expenses, many firms have adopted electronic learning (e-learning) as a practical choice for offering learning opportunities to specific personnel on demand. Much research has not been conducted to evaluate the effectiveness and/or success of e-learning systems in an organizational setting, even though researchers have paid a lot of attention to information systems (IS) success models. Based on data analysis from a sample of 106 respondents, we provided the scale's factor structure, reliability, the validity of the content, validity related to criterion, convergence validity, and discriminatory validity. Whether or not e-learning system success was examined using recognized IS success models hasn't been brought up very often based on earlier studies on the effectiveness of IS.
Juvenile Justice Teachers' Job Satisfaction: A Comparison of Teachers in Three States

The purpose of this study was to examine the differences in the perceptions of juvenile justice teachers in Georgia, Louisiana, and Ohio. Juvenile justice teachers (n = 542) completed an extensive attrition and retention survey with a 98% response rate. Comparisons were made between states, type of facility (short or long-term), gender, and teaching areas (general or special education). Significant differences were found across all areas. Results are discussed in relationship to how to retain and support juvenile justice teachers on the job.