Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
UV-TiO2 Photocatalytic Disinfection and its Influence on Drinking Water Biological Stability

UV-TiO2 photocatalysis have the characteristics of non-toxic and broad-spectrum sterilizing ability, its application in drinking water disinfection has taken much emphasis. This research was conducted in S waterworks which located in Nanjing and take Yangtze river as its source water. UV-TiO2 photocatalytic disinfection experiments were conducted in a self made photocatalysis reactor. Result showed that a 2-log disinfection efficiency can be achieved under UV dose of 19 mJ/cm2. The orthophosphate concentration in water increased under UV dose higher than 198 mJ/cm2, the biodegradable dissolved organic carbon (BDOC) and bacterial regrowth potential(BGP) concentration in water increased significantly under UV dose higher than 396 mJ/cm2. When UV dose increased from 0 mJ/cm2 to 11880 mJ/cm2, the orthophosphate, BDOC, BGP concentration in water increased 47.09%, 265 % and 49.16% respectively. Nevertheless, under low UV dose for drinking water disinfection, there were no significant increase of orthophosphate concentration and BGP, this indicated that UV-TiO2 photocatalysis is a promising disinfection technology; it can effectively kill the bacteria in drinking water and won't induce biological instability.
An efficient least-squares approach for the design of two-dimensional linear-phase nonrecursive filters

A method is described which can be used to design two-dimensional nonrecursive linear-phase filters. The approach is based on formulating the absolute mean-square error between the amplitude responses of the practical and ideal digital filters as a quadratic function. The coefficients of the filters are obtained by solving a set of linear equations. This method leads to a lower mean-square error and is computationally more efficient than the eigenfilter method. The method is extended to the design of filters with time-domain constraints. <<ETX>>
Bayesian Nonparametric Estimation of Hazard Rate in Survival Analysis Using Gibbs Sampler

This text describes the way of estimating the hazard rate of survival data based on techniques which were introduced by Arjas, E. , Gasbarra, D. (1994). The point is the assumption of piecewise constant hazard rate with varying number and size of intervals. The estimation is slighty shifted to hierarchical model and changing the dimension of the model via adding of new jumps or deleting the existing ones was introduced in wider scale. To provide the estimation MCMC algorithms were used. The method is demonstrated on simulated data. Introduction Many of standard approaches in dealing with various statistical problems are restricted to fixed dimension of the model which could be sometimes rather limitative. The example of such type of statistical problems could be the multiple change-point problem as well as variable selection in regression or choice between models in Bayesian context. Models which are able to switch between parametric spaces with different dimensions are likely based on Bayesian inference, where the dimensionality of the parameter vector may be open, though it is adherent to specifying the priors. Computational difficulties for such type of models could be overcome using MCMC algorithms. In next pages providing of such type of modeling is demonstrated. The method approximates the hazard rate in survival data using piecewise constant functions with a random number and locations of jump times. Survival Analysis: Basic Definitions and Formulas Let T be a continuous non-negative random variable representing e.g. the survival times of individuals in some population. Let f(t) denote the probability density function of T and let F (t) be the distribution function of T . Then the probability of an individual’s surviving till time t is given by survival function S(t), t ∈ [0,∞): S(t) = 1− F (t) = P (T > t) The hazard function, h(t), also called the hazard rate, is the instantaneous rate of failure at time t defined by h(t) = lim ∆t→0 1 ∆t P (t < T ≤ t + ∆t|T > t) and after multiplying with ∆t could be interpreted as an approximate probability of failure in (t, t + ∆t]. From the definition of the hazard rate we may easily see that h(t) = lim ∆t→0 1 ∆t P (t < T ≤ t + ∆t, T > t) P (T > t) = f(t) S(t) = − d dt log S(t) and after integrating both sides and exponentiating we get
Linkage of late-onset Fuchs corneal dystrophy to a novel locus at 13pTel-13q12.13.

PURPOSE To identify the gene locus underlying the inheritance of late-onset Fuchs corneal dystrophy (FCD) in a large white kindred. METHODS Genotypes of small tandem repeat polymorphisms were obtained from 17 affected and 3 unaffected family members, followed by genetic linkage analysis. RESULTS In this family, classic late-onset FCD appeared to be inherited as a single, dominant Mendelian trait. In two exceptional sibships, however, children aged 10 and 13 years had FCD. In each sibship, both parents were found to be affected, opening the possibility that this unusually early age of onset was the result of homozygosity for an FCD mutation. Genotype results, however, were not consistent with consanguinity of the parents, who appear to have independent cases of FCD. A whole-genome linkage scan mapped FCD to a single locus at 13pTel-13q12.13, with significant two-point LOD scores of 3.91 at D13S1236 and 3.80 at D13S1304. The 26.4-Mb disease interval contains the chromosome 13 nucleolus organizer (RNR1), the centromere, and 44 annotated protein-encoding genes. So far, exons of 10 of these genes have been screened, but no mutations have been found. CONCLUSIONS FCD1 is the first genetic locus to be identified for late-onset FCD, a common disease of the aging cornea. The exceptional early onset of the disease observed in two children is unusual and might be the result of digenic interaction between FCD1 and an independent late-onset FCD mutation.
A High-Quality Mach-Zehnder Interferometer Fiber Sensor by Femtosecond Laser One-Step Processing

During new fiber sensor development experiments, an easy-to-fabricate simple sensing structure with a trench and partially ablated fiber core is fabricated by using an 800 nm 35 fs 1 kHz laser. It is demonstrated that the structure forms a Mach-Zehnder interferometer (MZI) with the interference between the laser light passing through the air in the trench cavity and that in the remained fiber core. The fringe visibilities are all more than 25 dB. The transmission spectra vary with the femtosecond (fs) laser ablation scanning cycle. The free spectral range (FSR) decreases as the trench length increases. The MZI structure is of very high fabrication and sensing repeatability. The sensing mechanism is theoretically discussed, which is in agreement with experiments. The test sensitivity for acetone vapor is about 104 nm/RIU, and the temperature sensitivity is 51.5 pm/°C at 200 ∼ 875 °C with a step of 25 °C.
Detection of Pneumocystis carinii in respiratory specimens by PCR-solution hybridization enzyme-linked immunoassay

By using a recently developed PCR-solution hybridization enzyme-linked assay (PCR-SHELA), we investigated Pneumocystis carinii in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid samples and induced sputa of patients with pneumocystosis. In detecting P. carinii, PCR-SHELA proved more sensitive than immunofluorescence staining or a single PCR and significantly more diagnostically specific than a nested PCR. Our data suggest that PCR-SHELA could be used to detect P. carinii organisms in respiratory samples, particularly in patients with uncertain diagnoses.
Statistical Determination of Hybrid Threshold Parameters for Entity State Update Mechanisms in Distributed Interactive Applications

Collaboration within a distributed interactive application (DIA) requires that a high level of consistency be maintained between remote hosts. However, this can require large amounts of network resources, which can negatively affect the scalability of the application, and also increase network latency. Predictive models, such as dead reckoning, provide a sufficient level of consistency, whilst reducing network requirements. Dead reckoning traditionally uses a spatial error threshold metric to operate. In previous work, it was shown how the use of the spatial threshold could result in potentially unbounded local absolute inconsistency. To remedy this, a novel time-space threshold was proposed, that placed bounds on local absolute inconsistency. However, use of the time-space threshold could result in unacceptably large spatial inconsistency. A hybrid approach that combined both error threshold measures was then shown to place bounds on both levels of inconsistency. However, choosing suitable threshold values for use within the hybrid scheme has been problematic, as no direct comparisons can be made between the two threshold metrics. In this paper, a novel comparison scheme is proposed. Under this approach, an error threshold look-up table is generated, based on entity speed and equivalent inconsistency measures. Using this look-up table, it is shown how the performance of comparable thresholds is equal on average, from the point of view of network packet generation. These error thresholds are then employed in a hybrid threshold scheme, which is shown to improve overall consistency in comparison to the previous solution of simply using numerically equal threshold values
A Survey of U.S. Atlanta and Nagano Olympians: Variables Perceived to Influence Performance

Abstract The purpose of this study was to determine the frequency and magnitude of specific variables perceived to have affected U.S. Olympic athlete performance. Participants included 296 Atlanta Olympians and 83 Nagano Olympians. Olympians rated how they perceived specific variables influenced their Olympic performance. Results revealed that numerous variables, including performance influences, such as preparation for distractions and loss of composure; team variables, such as strong cohesion and positive coach-athlete relationships; coaching variables, including coach's ability to deal with crises and coaching expectations; family-friend variables, including general social support and getting event tickets for family and friends; and environmental concerns, such as venue transportation difficulties and Olympic village distractions; were perceived to influence performance. Findings verified the results of qualitative interviews conducted with Olympic athletes and coaches.
IKAROS 6 is associated with BCR-ABL 1 and myeloid-associated antigens but indicates poor prognosis independently in Chinese adult B-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia

Ikaros6 was specifically associated with clinical and genetic features of acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) and could be used for prediction of inferior survival. The present study aimed to further investigate the correlation between Ikaros6 and other prognostic factors, and to explore the novel prognosis prediction function by combining Ikaros6 and other factors in Chinese adult B-ALL. We examined the expression of Ikaros6 in 108 patients by reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction and confirmed the results by sequencing, gene scanning and real-time PCR. Ikaros6 was associated with BCR-ABL1 (P=0.010) and myeloid-associated antigens (P=0.009), but had an independent negative impact on survival. In multivariable Cox analysis, Ikaros6 was an independent prognostic marker for overall survival (P=0.013, HR=2.140), event-free survival (P=0.016, HR=1.972) and relapsefree survival (P=0.002, HR=3.636). This study indicated closed relation between BCR-ABL1, myeloid-associated antigens and Ikaros6.These three risk factors played an important role in evaluation of prognosis in Chinese adult B-ALL. Furthermore, Ikaros6 is more beneficial for the disease recurrence prediction.
Best of Two Local Models: Local Centralized and Local Distributed Algorithms

We consider two models of computation: local centralized algorithms and local distributed algorithms. Algorithms in one model are adapted to the other model to obtain improved algorithms. Distributed vertex coloring is employed to design improved local centralized algorithms for: maximal independent set, maximal matching, and an approximation scheme for maximum matching over bounded degree graphs. The improvement is threefold: the algorithms are deterministic, stateless, and the number of probes is poly(log ∗ n). The recursive local centralized improvement technique by Nguyen and Onak [NO08] is employed to obtain an improved distributed approximation scheme for maximum matching. The number of rounds of the distributed algorithm is O(log ∗ n) for bounded degree graphs.
The Unique Nature of Mg 2 + Channels

Mg2+ is the most abundant divalent cation in living cells. It is present at a total cellular concentration of 15–25 mM in both prokaryotic and mammalian cells (39, 53, 55). In the cytosol, the majority of Mg2+ is bound to ATP and other phosphonucleotides and to multiple enzymes. In all cells, Mg2+ serves as an essential structural element for ribosomes and membranes and as a required cofactor for ATP in the catalytic pocket of a multitude of enzymes. In prokaryotes, Mg2+ has also been identified as an important regulatory signal essential for virulence (10, 70). The chemistry of divalent magnesium is unique among the biologically important cations. The hydrated radius of Mg2+ is ~400 times larger than the dehydrated radius, a much larger difference than that seen with Na+ and Ca2+ (~25-fold) or K+ (fourfold). Of all biological cations, Mg2+ is the most charge dense, holding the waters within its hydration shell tighter by a factor of 103–104 than do Ca2+, K+, and Na2+ (39). In addition, the hydrated Mg2+ cation is more rigid than other cations, always hexacoordinate, and almost always prefers to coordinate with oxygen. Proteins that transport Mg2+ must be able to recognize the very large hydrated cation, strip the tightly bound hydration shell from the cation, and only then transport the dehydrated form. These chemical properties of Mg2+ thus predict that proteins that recognize and transport Mg2+ will be unique (19, 36).
Performance study of MIMO-OFDM platform in narrow-band sub-1 GHz wireless LANs

Using multiple antennas at the transceivers has become a necessity in high data rate wireless communication systems. Multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) has been adopted as a mandatory modulation scheme in the upcoming IEEE 802.11ah standard. IEEE 802.11ah will specify carrier frequencies for Wireless Local Area Networks (WLANs) operating in the sub-1 GHz band. This is challenging for MIMO-OFDM in sub-1 GHz because of limited bandwidth. Thus building a prototype will provide necessary information to understand this new scenario. We build a prototype in order to test and validate modifications to physical layer (PHY) and media access control (MAC) for narrow-band data transmissions. We present here, in detail, the steps to build a real-time MIMO-OFDM testing platform that is useful for evaluating narrow-band sub-1GHz transmission characteristics. We analyzed potential MIMO-OFDM implementations and conducted extensive measurements on our platform in order to verify the required system enhancements. This paper gives a hands-on account of designing and testing a sub-1 GHz WLAN platform.
Synthesis criteria for line/waveguide junction design

A simple method of line/waveguide junction waveband width appreciation, use the exciter input impedance on wavelength dependence, is proposed. In such a manner it is possible cumbersome calculations to avoid. Simultaneously are established conditions as criteria for junction device synthesis. The proposed method is useful for comparison of properties of various waveguide exciter.
Shake them up!: a movement-based pairing protocol for CPU-constrained devices

This paper presents a new pairing protocol that allows twoCPU-constrained wireless devices Alice and Bob to establish ashared secret at a very low cost. To our knowledge, this is thefirst software pairing scheme that does not rely on expensivepublic-key cryptography, out-of-band channels (such as a keyboardor a display) or specific hardware, making it inexpensive andsuitable for CPU-constrained devices such as sensors. In the described protocol, Alice can send the secret bit 1 toBob by broadcasting an (empty) packet with the source field set toAlice. Similarly, Alice can send the secret bit 0 to Bob bybroadcasting an (empty) packet with the source field set to Bob.Only Bob can identify the real source of the packet (since it didnot send it, the source is Alice), and can recover the secret bit(1 if the source is set to Alice or 0 otherwise). An eavesdroppercannot retrieve the secret bit since it cannot figure out whetherthe packet was actually sent by Alice or Bob. By randomlygenerating n such packets Alice and Bob can agree on ann-bit secret key. Our scheme requires that the devices being paired, Alice andBob, are shaken during the key exchange protocol. This is toguarantee that an eavesdropper cannot identify the packets sent byAlice from those sent by Bob using data from the RSSI (ReceivedSignal Strength Indicator) registers available in commercialwireless cards. The proposed protocol works with off-the-shelf802.11 wireless cards and is secure against eavesdropping attacksthat use power analysis. It requires, however, some firmwarechanges to protect against attacks that attempt to identify thesource of packets from their transmission frequency.
Loop corrections to volume moduli and inflation in string theory

The recent progress in embedding inflation in string theory has made it clear that the problem of moduli stabilization cannot be ignored in this context. In many models a special role is played by the volume modulus, which is modified in the presence of mobile branes. The challenge is to stabilize this modified volume while keeping the inflaton mass small compared to the Hubble parameter. It is then crucial to know not only how the volume modulus is modified, but also to have control over the dependence of the potential on the inflaton field. We address these questions within a simple setting: toroidal $\mathcal{N}=1$ type IIB orientifolds. We calculate corrections to the superpotential and show how the holomorphic dependence on the properly modified volume modulus arises. The potential then explicitly involves the inflaton, leaving room for lowering the inflaton mass through moderate fine-tuning of flux quantum numbers.
Effects of Presentation- and Test-Trial Training on Motor Acquisition and Retention

Abstract : This report examined the relative effects of three different training methods on the acquisition and retention of a positioning motor task. Three independent groups of subjects (N = 15 per group) performed three training trial cycles consisting of six trials each. Training methods differed in their emphasis on presentation (k) and test (t) trials during each cycle. For one group, a cycle consisted of three p- and t-trials administered in alternation. For another group, the first five trials of each cycle were p-trials and the sixth was a t-trial. For the last group, the first trial was p-trial and the next five were t-trials. Group acquisition performance was compared at the last trial of each cycle while retention was compared 3 min. and 24 hr. after acquisition. Absolute error scores indicated that acquisition and short-term retention were best when training emphasized p- and t-trail alternation and p- trial repetition within cycles, whereas long-term retention was best when training stressed t-trial repetition. Results suggest that testing is an effective way to enhance long-term retention of motor skill. This enhancement could be realized by changing the emphasis of training from presentation to testing without added expenditures in training time, money and personnel. If, instead of long-term retention, the goal is rapid acquisition and short-term retention, training methods which emphasize either alternation of presentation and testing or repeated presentation would be most effective.
Decoded: The Science Behind Why We Buy

In this groundbreaking book Phil Barden reveals what decision science explains about peoples purchase behaviour, and specifically demonstrates its value to marketing.He shares the latest research on the motivations behind consumers choices and what happens in the human brain as buyers make their decisions. He deciphers the secret codes of products, services and brands to explain why people buy them. And finally he shows how to apply this knowledge in day to day marketing to great effect by dramatically improving key factors such as relevance, differentiation and credibility.Shows how the latest insights from the fields of Behavioural Economics, psychology and neuro-economics explain why we buy what we buyOffers a pragmatic framework and guidelines for day-to-day marketing practice on how to employ this knowledge for more effective brand management - from strategy to implementation and NPD.The first book to apply Daniel Kahnemans Nobel Prize-winning work to marketing and advertisingPacked with case studies, this is a must-read for marketers, advertising professionals, web designers, R&D managers, industrial designers, graphic designers in fact anyone whose role or interest focuses on the why behind consumer behaviour.Foreword by Rory Sutherland, Executive Creative Director and Vice-Chairman, OgilvyOne London and Vice-Chairman,Ogilvy Group UKFull colour throughout
Foot rotational effects on radiographic measures of lower limb alignment.

INTRODUCTION Surgical planning of high tibial osteotomy (HTO) typically requires the measurement of lower limb alignment from standing anteroposterior radiographs. Although every effort is made to maintain a standardized patient position, factors such as pain or anatomic constraints may necessitate acquiring the radiograph in a less than optimal patient position. One such constraint is natural rotation of the feet with respect to the tibia. The purpose of the present study was to investigate the magnitude of the effect of foot rotation on radiographic measures of lower limb alignment. METHODS We analyzed 19 lower limbs from radiographs obtained from 10 people who reported to an orthopedic injuries clinic. Each patient was radiographed in 3 positions: 15 degrees of internal foot rotation, no foot rotation and 15 degrees of external foot rotation. We measured and compared the mechanical axis angle (hip-knee-ankle) and the mechanical axis deviation from each position. RESULTS Compared with the position with no foot rotation, internal foot rotation resulted in less measured varus alignment and less mechanical axis deviation from the knee joint centre, whereas external foot rotation produced greater measured varus alignment and increased mechanical axis deviation from the knee joint centre. CONCLUSIONS These results indicate that patient positioning is an important factor when measuring lower limb alignment from radiographs. As a result, special care must be taken when acquiring these radiographs for use in planning surgical procedures such as HTO.