Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Properties of the mantle cell and mantle cell lymphoma

The major lymphoid inhabitant of the follicular mantle is the mantle cell, an immunologically naïve B cell. It is the putative cell of origin of mantle cell lymphoma (MCL), the cells of which have similar morphologic, immunophenotypic, and molecular characteristics to the normal B lymphocytes of the mantle zone. In the past year a number of advances have been made in the biology of the normal mantle cell, its interactions with the other constituents of the follicular and mantle zone microenvironments, and the development of neoplasia in this cell population. In addition, new developments in diagnostic molecular pathology have been used to more readily identify cases of MCL. The authors summarize these new advances in the understanding of the biology of the mantle cell and newer ancillary techniques in the diagnosis of lymphomas arising from this cell type.
Bayesian learning of latent variable models

59 2.4 Extensions of probabilistic PCA PCA of large-scale datasets with many missing values Principal component analysis (PCA) is a classical data analysis technique. Some algorithms for PCA scale better than others to problems with high dimensionality. They also differ in the ability to handle missing values in the data. In our recent papers [16, 17], a case is studied where the data are high-dimensional and a majority of the values are missing. In the case of very sparse data, overfitting becomes a severe problem even in simple linear models such as PCA. Regularization can be provided using the Bayesian approach by introducing prior for the model parameters. The PCA model can then be identified using, for example, maximum a posteriori estimates (MAPPCA) or variational Bayesian (VBPCA) learning. In [16, 17], we study different approaches to PCA for incomplete data. We show that faster convergence can be achieved using the following rule for the model parameters: θ i ← θ i − γ ∂ 2 C ∂θ 2 i −α ∂C ∂θ i , where α is a control parameter that allows the learning algorithm to vary from the standard gradient descent (α = 0) to the diagonal Newton's method (α = 1). These learning rules can be used for standard PCA learning and extended to MAPPCA and VBPCA. The algorithms were tested on the Netflix problem (http://www.netflixprize.com/), which is a task of predicting preferences (or producing personal recommendations) by using other people's preferences. The Netflix problem consists of movie ratings given by 480189 customers to 17770 movies. There are 100480507 ratings from 1 to 5 given, and the task is to predict 2817131 other ratings among the same group of customers and movies. 1408395 of the ratings are reserved for validation. Thus, 98.8% of the values are missing. We used different variants of PCA in order to predict the test ratings in the Netflix data set. The obtained results are shown in Figure 2.5. The best accuracy was obtained using VB PCA with a simplified form of the posterior approximation (VBPCAd in Figure 2.5). That method was also able to provide reasonable estimates of the uncertainties of the predictions.
Role of reactive oxygen species in neonatal pulmonary vascular disease.

SIGNIFICANCE Abnormal lung development in the perinatal period can result in severe neonatal complications, including persistent pulmonary hypertension (PH) of the newborn and bronchopulmonary dysplasia. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) play a substantive role in the development of PH associated with these diseases. ROS impair the normal pulmonary artery (PA) relaxation in response to vasodilators, and ROS are also implicated in pulmonary arterial remodeling, both of which can increase the severity of PH. RECENT ADVANCES PA ROS levels are elevated when endogenous ROS-generating enzymes are activated and/or when endogenous ROS scavengers are inactivated. Animal models have provided valuable insights into ROS generators and scavengers that are dysregulated in different forms of neonatal PH, thus identifying potential therapeutic targets. CRITICAL ISSUES General antioxidant therapy has proved ineffective in reversing PH, suggesting that it is necessary to target specific signaling pathways for successful therapy. FUTURE DIRECTIONS Development of novel selective pharmacologic inhibitors along with nonantioxidant therapies may improve the treatment outcomes of patients with PH, while further investigation of the underlying mechanisms may enable earlier detection of the disease.
International Journal of Hospitality Management Establishing Attributes of an Environmental Management System for Green Hotel Evaluation

Keywords: Environmental management system (EMS) Green hotels Environmental auditing Delphi method Taiwan hotel industry a b s t r a c t This study establishes attributes of an environmental management system (EMS) for the hotel industry in Taiwan to create an instrument to help address green hotel auditing. Hotel EMS indicators were initially selected from ISO14000 and nine representative foreign green hotel assessment systems. The Delphi method conducted on twenty five experts with government officials, scholars and hotel managers for item modification to identify the preliminary EMS evaluation framework. An indicator selection process was employed to determine the dimensional indicators of the system. The data analysis reveals that a total of 64 indicators into ten dimensions were identified and prioritized in terms of their relative importance and feasibility. Moreover, 38 indicators are suitable for use and 18 of them should be implemented firstly in Taiwan hotel industry. The results also reveal the comparison with Taiwan government's environmental standards. Finally the EMS approach of this study provides managerial implications for government, hoteliers and consumers to improve their environmental management.
VERTICAL DISTRIBUTION OF C3-HYDROCARBONS IN THE STRATOSPHERE OF TITAN

Motivated by the recent detection of propene (C3H6) in the atmosphere of Titan, we use a one-dimensional Titan photochemical model with an updated eddy diffusion profile to systematically study the vertical profiles of the stable species in the C3-hydrocarbon family. We find that the stratospheric volume mixing ratio of propene (C3H6) peaks at 150 km with a value of 5 × 10−9, which is in good agreement with recent observations by the Composite Infrared Spectrometer on the Cassini spacecraft. Another important species that is currently missing from the hydrocarbon family in Titan's stratosphere is allene (CH2CCH2), an isomer of methylacetylene (CH3C2H). We predict that its mixing ratio in the stratosphere is about 10−9, which is on the margin of the detection limit. CH2CCH2 and CH3C2H equilibrate at a constant ratio in the stratosphere by hydrogen-exchanging reactions. Thus, by precisely measuring the ratio of CH2CCH2 to CH3C2H, the abundance of atomic hydrogen in the atmosphere can be inferred. No direct yield for the production of cyclopropane (c-C3H6) is available. From the discharge experiments of Navarro-González & Ramírez, the abundance of cyclopropane is estimated to be 100 times less than that of C3H6.
Muscarinic Tone Sustains Impulse Flow in the Septohippocampal GABA But Not Cholinergic Pathway: Implications for Learning and Memory

Systemic infusions of the muscarinic cholinergic receptor antagonists atropine and scopolamine (atr/scop) produce an amnesic syndrome in humans, subhuman primates, and rodents. In humans, this syndrome may resemble early symptoms of Alzheimer's disease. Behavioral studies in rats have demonstrated that the medial septum/diagonal band of Broca (MSDB), which sends cholinergic and GABAergic projections to the hippocampus, is a critical locus in mediating the amnesic effects of atr/scop. The amnesic effects of atr/scop in the MSDB have been presumed but not proven to be caused by a decrease in hippocampal acetylcholine (ACh) release after blockade of a muscarinic tone in the MSDB. Using electrophysiological recordings and fluorescent-labeling techniques to identify living septohippocampal neurons in rat brain slices, we now report that, contrary to current belief, a blockade of the muscarinic tone in the MSDB does not decrease impulse flow in the septohippocampal cholinergic pathway; instead, it decreases impulse flow in the septohippocampal GABAergic pathway via M3 muscarinic receptors. We also report that the muscarinic tone in the MSDB is maintained by ACh that is released locally, presumably via axon collaterals of septohippocampal cholinergic neurons. As such, cognitive deficits that occur in various neurodegenerative disorders that are associated with a loss or atrophy of septohippocampal cholinergic neurons cannot be attributed solely to a decrease in hippocampal acetylcholine release. An additional, possibly more important mechanism may be the concomitant decrease in septohippocampal GABA release and a subsequent disruption in disinhibitory mechanisms in the hippocampus. Restoration of impulse flow in the septohippocampal GABA pathway, possibly via M3receptor agonists, may, therefore, be critical for successful treatment of cognitive deficits associated with neurodegenerative disorders such as Alzheimer's and Parkinson's disease.
Regional functional synchronizations in dementia with Lewy bodies and Alzheimer's disease

ABSTRACT Background: Dementia with Lewy bodies (DLB) is a common cause of dementia in the elderly population after Alzheimer's disease (AD), and at early stages differential diagnosis between DLB and AD might be difficult due to their symptomatic overlap, e.g. cognitive and memory impairments. We aimed to investigate functional brain differences between both diseases in patients recently diagnosed. Methods: We investigated regional functional synchronizations using regional homogeneity (ReHo) in patients clinically diagnosed with DLB (n = 19) and AD (n = 18), and for comparisons we also included healthy controls (HC, n = 16). Patient groups were matched by age, education, and by the level of cognitive impairment (MMSE p-value = 0.36). Additionally, correlations between ReHo values and clinical scores were investigated. Results: The DLB group showed lower ReHo in sensory-motor cortices and higher ReHo in left middle temporal gyrus when compared with HCs (p-value < 0.001 uncorrected). The AD group demonstrated lower ReHo in the cerebellum and higher ReHo in the left/right lingual gyri, precuneus cortex, and other occipital and parietal regions (p-value < 0.001 uncorrected). Conclusions: Our results agree with previous ReHo investigations in Parkinson's disease (PD), suggesting that functional alterations in motor-related regions might be a characteristic of the Lewy body disease spectrum. However, our results in AD contradict previously reported findings for this disease and ReHo, which we speculate are a reflection of compensatory brain responses at early disease stages. ReHo differences between patient groups were at regions related to the default mode and sensory-motor resting state networks which might reflect the aetiological divergences in the underlying disease processes between AD and DLB.
Exercise Self-Efficacy Scale ( ESES ) : development and psychometric properties

Background: Rising prevalence of secondary conditions among persons with spinal cord injury (SCI) has focused recent attention to potential health promotion programs designed to reduce such adverse health conditions. A healthy lifestyle for people with SCI, including and specifically, the adoption of a vigorous exercise routine, has been shown to produce an array of health benefits, prompting many providers to recommend the implementation of such activity to those with SCI. Successfully adopting such an exercise regimen however, requires confidence in one's ability to engage in exercise or exercise self-efficacy. Exercise self-efficacy has not been assessed adequately for people with SCI due to a lack of validated and reliable scales, despite self efficacy's status as one of the most widely researched concepts and despite its broad application in health promotion studies. Exercise self efficacy supporting interventions for people with SCI are only meaningful if appropriate measurement tools exist. The objective of our study was to develop a psychometrically sound exercise self-efficacy self-report measure for people with SCI. Methods: Based on literature reviews, expert comments and cognitive testing, 10 items were included and made up the 4-point Likert SCI Exercise Self-Efficacy Scale (ESES) in its current form. The ESES was administered as part of the first wave of a nationwide survey (n = 368) on exercise behavior and was also tested separately for validity in four groups of individuals with SCI. Reliability and validity testing was performed using SPSS 12.0. Results: Cronbach's alpha was . 9269 for the ESES. High internal consistency was confirmed in splithalf (EQ Length Spearman Brown = .8836). Construct validity was determined using principal component factor analysis by correlating the aggregated ESES items with the Generalised Self Efficacy Scale (GSE). We found that all items loaded on one factor only and that there was a statistically significant correlation between Exercise Self-Efficacy Scale (ESES) and Generalised Self Efficacy Scale (GSE) (Spearman RHO = .316; p < .05; n = 53, 2-sided). Conclusion: Preliminary findings indicate that the ESES is a reliable instrument with high internal consistency and scale integrity. Content validity both in terms of face and construct validity is satisfactory. Published: 30 August 2007 International Journal of Behavioral Nutrition and Physical Activity 2007, 4:34 doi:10.1186/14795868-4-34 Received: 21 July 2006 Accepted: 30 August 2007 This article is available from: http://www.ijbnpa. org/content/4/1/34 © 2007 Kroll et al; licensee BioMed Central Ltd. This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
Relationship between seed bank expression, adult longevity and aridity in species of Chaetanthera (Asteraceae) in central Chile.

BACKGROUND AND AIMS Broad surveys have detected inverse relationships between seed and adult longevity and between seed size and adult longevity. However, low and unpredictable precipitation is also associated with seed bank (SB) expression in semi-arid and arid areas. The relationship between adult longevity, SB formation, seed mass and aridity is examined in annual and perennial herbs of Chaetanthera (Asteraceae) from the Chilean Mediterranean-type climate and winter-rainfall desert areas over a precipitation range of one order of magnitude. METHODS Seeds of 18 species and subtaxa (32 populations) were buried in field locations, and exhumed after two successive germination periods. Seeds not germinating in the field were tested in a growth chamber, and remnant intact seed tested for viability. Seed banks were classed as transient or persistent. The effect of life form, species, population and burial time on persistent SB size was assessed with factorial ANOVA. Persistent seed bank size was compared with the Martonne aridity index (shown to be a surrogate for inter-annual variation in precipitation) and seed size using linear regression. ANCOVA assessed the effect of life-form on SB size with aridity as covariate. KEY RESULTS Three species had a transient SB and 15 a persistent SB. ANOVA revealed a significant effect of life-form on SB size with annuals having larger SB size and greater capacity to form a persistent SB than perennials. Significant inter-population variation in SB size was found in 64% of cases. Seed mass was negatively correlated with persistent SB size. Persistent seed bank size was significantly correlated with the Martonne aridity index in the perennial and annual species, with species from more arid areas having larger persistent SBs. However, when aridity was considered as a covariate, ANCOVA revealed no significant differences between the annual and perennial herbs. CONCLUSIONS Persistent seed bank size in Chaetanthera appears to reflect environmental selection rather than any trade-off with adult longevity.
Structural and Functional Studies of Interaction between Plasmodium falciparum Knob-associated Histidine-rich Protein (KAHRP) and Erythrocyte Spectrin*

Plasmodium falciparum dramatically modifies the structure and function of the membrane of the parasitized host erythrocyte. Altered membrane properties are the consequence of the interaction of a group of exported malaria proteins with host cell membrane proteins. KAHRP (the knob-associated histidine-rich protein), a member of this group, has been shown to interact with erythrocyte membrane skeletal protein spectrin. However, the molecular basis for this interaction has yet to be defined. In the present study, we defined the binding motifs in both KAHRP and spectrin and identified a functional role for this interaction. We showed that spectrin bound to a 72-amino-acid KAHRP fragment (residues 370-441). Among nine-spectrin fragments, which encompass the entire α and β spectrin molecules (four α spectrin and five β spectrin fragments), KAHRP bound only to one, the α N-5 fragment. The KAHRP-binding site within the α N-5 fragment was localized uniquely to repeat 4. The interaction of full-length spectrin dimer to KAHRP was inhibited by repeat 4 of α spectrin. Importantly, resealing of this repeat peptide into erythrocytes mislocalized KAHRP in the parasitized cells. We concluded that the interaction of KAHRP with spectrin is critical for appropriate membrane localization of KAHRP in parasitized erythrocytes. As the presence of KAHRP at the erythrocyte membrane is necessary for cytoadherence in vivo, our findings have implications for the development of new therapies for mitigating the severity of malaria infection.
Isolation and culture of rat aortic valve interstitial cells

Objective: Culturing aortic valve interstitial cells is a useful way to investigate the physiology and pathology of the aortic valve at the cellular level. The culture methods of the cells have been established in many species. However, the previous methods need some improvements. Methods: We evaluated various techniques with regard to the isolation of Sprague-Dawley (SD) rat aortic valve interstitial cells and established suitable conditions about the culture and passage of the primary cells. The specimens from the aortic valve were processed by tissue explant methods before seeding them onto the dishes. Results: The cells obtained emerged from the explants after 2 to 3 days and stained positive for a-SMA and vimentin protein. Moreover, transmission electron microscopy images showed that the cells had abundant mitochondria, prominent rough endoplasmic reticulum, and plentiful myofilaments. Conclusion: In the present study, we provided reliable and efficient methods for the isolation and culture of rat aortic valve interstitial cells that could serve for in vitro studies on aortic valve physiology and pathophysiology.
Perspectives on marital interaction

Approaches to marital interaction, Mary Anne Fitzpatrick. Part 1 Communication as a means by which we manage our everyday lives as married people: dysfunctional interaction patterns in couples, Andrew Christensen understanding and misunderstanding in marriage - sex and marital adjustment differences in structured and free interaction, Patricia Noller and Cynthia Gallois Power dynamics in marital relationships, Frank E.Millar and L.Edna Rogers a typological approach to marital interaction, Mary Anne Fitzpatrick. Part 2 Communication of emotion: spouses' self-evaluation for situations involving emotional communication, Diane M.Guthrie and Conrad Wesley Snyder Jr spouses' perceptions of one another in emotional situations, Diane M.Guthrie and P.Noller the social psychophysiology of marriage, John M.Gottman and Robert W.Levenson. Part 3 Problem solving: marital conflict resolution, Cas Schaap et al negotiation, problem-solving and conflict in various types of marriages, Mary Anne Fitzpatrick. Part 4 Coping with other relationships: communications with spouses and others, Kathryn Dindia the effects of others on marriage - do they hurt or help? , Fran Dickson-Markman and Howard J.Markman overview and implications, Patricia Noller.
Development of Predictors of Performance under Stress in Jumpmaster Training

Abstract : Questionnaires asking about background and jump experience, sports participation, and reaction to stress were given to 128 men from four consecutive classes of students from the Jumpmaster Training Course at Fort Benning, Georgia, during 1979 and 1980. Using multiple regression, measures from those questionnaires were employed to develop predictors of performance under stress during training. This research identified variables from each questionnaire which are potentially useful predictors of points scored during stressful training jumps in the course. These included age of student, number of previous parachute jumps, amount of stress experienced during training jumps, and the individual's history of prior sports participation. This research was exploratory in nature and the results should be considered to be tentative. Due to the unavoidably low subject-to-variable ratio in this research, some shrinkage in the predictive power of these variables can be expected beyond that already adjusted for statistically in the analyses.
MicroRNA-125b Promotes Neuronal Differentiation in Human Cells by Repressing Multiple Targets

ABSTRACT MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are a class of small noncoding RNAs that regulate gene expression at the posttranscriptional level. Research on miRNAs has highlighted their importance in neural development, but the specific functions of neurally enriched miRNAs remain poorly understood. We report here the expression profile of miRNAs during neuronal differentiation in the human neuroblastoma cell line SH-SY5Y. Six miRNAs were significantly upregulated during differentiation induced by all-trans-retinoic acid and brain-derived neurotrophic factor. We demonstrated that the ectopic expression of either miR-124a or miR-125b increases the percentage of differentiated SH-SY5Y cells with neurite outgrowth. Subsequently, we focused our functional analysis on miR-125b and demonstrated the important role of this miRNA in both the spontaneous and induced differentiations of SH-SH5Y cells. miR-125b is also upregulated during the differentiation of human neural progenitor ReNcell VM cells, and miR-125b ectopic expression significantly promotes the neurite outgrowth of these cells. To identify the targets of miR-125b regulation, we profiled the global changes in gene expression following miR-125b ectopic expression in SH-SY5Y cells. miR-125b represses 164 genes that contain the seed match sequence of the miRNA and/or that are predicted to be direct targets of miR-125b by conventional methods. Pathway analysis suggests that a subset of miR-125b-repressed targets antagonizes neuronal genes in several neurogenic pathways, thereby mediating the positive effect of miR-125b on neuronal differentiation. We have further validated the binding of miR-125b to the miRNA response elements of 10 selected mRNA targets. Together, we report here for the first time the important role of miR-125b in human neuronal differentiation.