Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
An analysis of EUV-resist outgassing measurements

Optics contamination is a concern for extreme ultraviolet (EUV) lithography. To protect EUV optics, all materials used in EUV vacuum exposure chambers must be screened prior to use. Photoresists are a concern since a freshly coated wafer will be introduced into the chamber approximately every minute in a high volume production tool. SEMATECH and the International EUV Initiative (IEUVI) have begun a resist outgassing benchmarking experiment to compare different outgassing methodologies. Samples of the same batch of resist were sent to eight researchers. The results show a large variation of four orders of magnitude in the amount of measured outgassing products. The next steps are to correlate outgassing measurements to witness plate experiments.
Transcriptome Sequencing Reveals Tgf-β-Mediated Noncoding RNA Regulatory Mechanisms Involved in DNA Damage in the 661W Photoreceptor Cell Line

Transforming growth factor β (Tgf-β), a pleiotropic cytokine, can enhance DNA repair in various cells, including cancer cells and neurons. The noncoding regulatory system plays an important role in Tgf-β-mediated biological activities, whereas few studies have explored its role in DNA damage and repair. In this study, we suggested that Tgf-β improved while its inhibitor LSKL impaired DNA repair and cell viability in UV-irradiated 661W cells. Moreover, RNA-seq was carried out, and a total of 106 differentially expressed (DE)-mRNAs and 7 DE-lncRNAs were identified between UV/LSKL and UV/ctrl 661W cells. Gene ontology and Reactome analysis confirmed that the DE-mRNAs were enriched in multiple DNA damaged- and repair-related biological functions and pathways. We then constructed a ceRNA network that included 3 lncRNAs, 19 miRNAs, and 29 mRNAs with a bioinformatics prediction. Through RT-qPCR and further functional verification, 2 Tgf-β-mediated ceRNA axes (Gm20559-miR-361-5p-Oas2/Gbp7) were further identified. Gm20559 knockout or miR-361-5p mimics markedly impaired DNA repair and cell viability in UV-irradiated 661W cells, which confirms the bioinformatics results. In summary, this study revealed that Tgf-β could reduce DNA damage in 661W cells, provided a Tgf-β-associated ceRNA network for DNA damage and repair, and suggested that the molecular signatures may be useful candidates as targets of treatment for photoreceptor pathology.
Impact of COVID-19 on individual income in tourism and hospitality industry in India: A difference-in-differences approach

This paper investigates the impact of COVID-19 (or Novel Coronavirus) pandemic on the income and wage of individuals working in tourism and hospitality industry in India. As the tourism and hospitality industry is a labor-intensive industry, the impact of COVID-19 pandemic-induced economic downturn is expected to be particularly severe here. To estimate this impact, I use a large, representative panel survey from India, and employ difference-in-differences method in this study. The estimated decline in total income ranges between 3.12 and 6.39%, and wage fall ranges between 3.21 and 5.98%, for the sample with individuals who are still earning a non-zero income from this industry. Once I include the individuals who have completely lost their livelihood (zero income) due to COVID-19 pandemic in the sample, impact on income is estimated to be a fall of 58.69% and impact on wage is estimated to be a decline of 58.59%. I also discuss the recommendations made by UNWTO to mitigate the impact of COVID-19 on tourism and hospitality industry, and map Indian government’s policy measures to those recommendations.
Investigating the Key Drivers of Impulsive Buying Behavior in Live Streaming

Live streaming has become popular among various e-commerce models. As an efficient way of marketing, live streaming can stimulate consumers' impulse purchasing behavior by creating a compelling experience, flow experience. Even though research on flow experience has been applied to understand consumer behavior in e-commerce, few studies have been conducted in live streaming e-commerce, let alone the influencing factors. Drawing on the stimulus-organism-response (S-O-R) model, this paper examines the impact of cognitive stimuli and perceptive stimuli on the urge to buy impulsively via flow experience. The results indicate that information content, website design, time pressure, and personalized recommendation positively relate to flow experience and the urge to buy impulsively. They also find the direct effect of time pressure and personalized recommendation on the urge to buy impulsively. The theoretical contributions and the practical implications for e-commerce live streaming are presented.
Assessing herb layer composition under jungle rubber in Sungai Manau Forest, Jambi, Indonesia: indicator species and tree regeneration potential

Abstract. Siswo, Yun CW, Kim H, Lee J, Atmoko BD, Brahmantya L. 2022. Assessing herb layer composition under jungle rubber in Sungai Manau Forest, Jambi, Indonesia: indicator species and tree regeneration potential. Biodiversitas 23: 5247-5257. Most of the post-logged forests in Sumatra have been transformed into various land cover types, including plantations and secondary forests. Among plantation systems, rubber agroforestry (jungle rubber) is preferable since it resembles natural forests, which still maintain high biodiversity. While previous studies have been focused on the floristic diversity, composition and structure of jungle rubber, limited research has investigated indicator species and tree regeneration in jungle rubber. This research aimed to compare herb layer composition including species diversity, indicator species and tree regeneration potential between jungle rubber (JF) and the existing natural growing forests, including undisturbed post-logging forest (UF), mixed regrowth forest (MF) and newly regrowth forest (NF), in Sungai Manau Forest, Jambi, Indonesia. We conducted a vegetation survey and subsequently analyzed the data using some comparative analyses, indicator species analysis and regeneration status analysis. Our results showed significant differences in herb layer communities among all land cover types (T= -18.91, p=0.000). Although JF and all-natural growing forests showed equal indices of diversity, each land cover type showed its own indicator species, reflecting their environmental conditions. However, indicator species for JF were mostly similar in character to that in MF with non-native semi-shade-tolerant species. Meanwhile, all indicator species for UF were native shade-tolerant species and the indicator species for NF were fully non-native shade-intolerant species. JF is also equal to MF in seedlings availability and tree regeneration potential by showing an equal number of seedling species and the number of individuals where most of the seedlings in both land cover types were pioneer species with “good regeneration ”status”. Our finding suggested that JF had a similar potential to MF in the succession process. Therefore, jungle rubber can be a good alternative when a plantation system is inevitable in a post-logging forest.
Transcriptome Analysis Reveals Genes Contributed to Min Pig Villi Hair Follicle in Different Seasons

Simple Summary In this research, we described the phenotype of Min pig dermal villi and sequenced the mRNA transcriptome of Min pig hair follicles. The results showed that the hair growth in Min pigs was regulated by an interaction network composed of eight core genes. Abstract The Min pig, a local pig breed in China, has a special trait which has intermittent villus and coat hair regeneration. However, the regulation and mechanism of villus in Min pigs have not yet been described. We observed and described the phenotype of Min pig dermal villi in detail and sequenced the mRNA transcriptome of Min pig hair follicles. A total of 1520 differentially expressed genes (DEG) were obtained.K-means hierarchical clustering showed that there was a significant expression pattern difference in winter compared with summer. Gene enrichment and network analysis results showed that the hair growth in Min pigs was closely related to the composition of desmosomes and regulated by an interaction network composed of eight core genes, namely DSP, DSC3, DSG4, PKP1, TGM1, KRT4, KRT15, and KRT84. Methylation analysis of promoters of target genes showed that the PKP1 gene was demethylated. Our study will help to supplement current knowledge of the growth mechanism of different types of hair.
Prevalence and antimicrobial resistance in Streptococcus agalactiae isolated from raw milk in Pasuruan and Lumajang districts, East Java, Indonesia

Abstract. Permatasari DA, Anggraeni F, Budiarto, Meles DK, Hamid IS, Puspitasari Y, Effendi MH, Khairullah AR, Wardhana DK, Ugbo EN. 2022. Prevalence and antimicrobial resistance in Streptococcus agalactiae isolated from raw milk in Pasuruan and Lumajang districts, East Java, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 23: 5050-5055. Milk and dairy products are nutritionally important in the diet worldwide. The microbiological quality of raw milk is essential for the quality of the final dairy product. The presence of Streptococcus agalactiae is frequently associated with high somatic cell counts in milk and decreased milk yield. Streptococcus agalactiae infections have major consequences for public health. This study aimed to identify the prevalence and antimicrobial resistance of Streptococcus agalactiae isolated from raw milk in Pasuruan and Lumajang, East Java, Indonesia. Raw milk samples were collected from three sub-districts in Pasuruan (Tutur, Grati and Purwosari) and three sub-districts in Lumajang (Senduro, Karangbendo, and Tekung). California mastitis test (CMT) was performed to confirm the presence of somatic cells, S. agalactiae was identified using standard microbiological methods, and antibiotic resistance was determined by Kirby-Bauer disc diffusion method using Mueller-Hinton agar. Results showed that 89 (79.46%) out of 112 dairy cows were positive for CMT, which indicated the presence of mastitis. Bacteria isolation was performed on CMT-positive samples and four samples were showed the presence of S. agalactiae (4.49%). Based on the sensitivity test against various antibiotics, it was observed that S. agalactiae isolates were resistant to ampicillin (75%), and erythromycin (50%), and were sensitive to cefotaxime (100%), tetracycline (75%), and chloramphenicol (100%). This research reported that Streptococcus agalactiae organism is one bacterium that is implicated in mastitis infections. Therefore, monitoring the antibiotic susceptibility profiles of this organism is needed in veterinary medicine, in order to make an appropriate choice of drug for treatment, improve high cure rates and minimize the increase of drug resistance.
Tempered transitions between thimbles

Quantum field theories with complex actions cannot be investigated using importance sampling due to the sign problem. One possible solution is to use the holomorphic gradient flow, a method we introduced related to the Lefschetz thimbles idea. In many cases the probability distribution generated by this method is multi-modal and standard Monte-Carlo sampling fails. We propose an algorithm that incorporates tempered proposals to solve this problem. We apply this algorithm to the 0+1 dimensional Thirring model at finite density for a parameter set where standard sampling fails and show that tempered proposals cure this problem.
Multivariate Hawkes processes with simultaneous occurrence of excitation events coming from different sources

Abstract This work contributes to the theory of Hawkes processes. We introduce and study a new class of Hawkes processes that we call generalized Hawkes processes, and their special subclass – the generalized multivariate Hawkes processes (GMHPs). GMHPs are multivariate marked point processes that add an important feature to the family of the (classical) multivariate Hawkes processes: they allow for explicit modeling of simultaneous occurrence of excitation events coming from different sources, i.e., caused by different coordinates of the multivariate process.
Aggressive Design Reuse for Ubiquitous Zero-Trust Edge Security—From Physical Design to Machine-Learning-Based Hardware Patching

This work presents an overview of challenges and solid pathways toward ubiquitous and sustainable hardware security in next-generation silicon chips at the edge of distributed and connected systems (e.g., IoT and AIoT). As the first challenge, the increasingly connected nature and the exponential proliferation of edge devices are unabatingly increasing the overall attack surface, making attacks easier and mandating ubiquitous security down to each edge node. At the same time, the necessity to incorporate zero-trust policies in large-scale distributed systems requires a complete set of security primitives for hardware-backed authentication, and a higher degree of physical context awareness (including primitives detecting the onset of physical attacks). Thus, making the inclusion of such security primitives economically sustainable even in low-end devices is a second key challenge. As third challenge, the ever-changing vulnerability landscape and the need for increased chip longevity in distributed systems require security assurance methods that are sustainable and adaptive across the entire chip lifecycle. In this work, design principles and promising directions to enable ubiquitous and sustainable security capabilities along with physical awareness are discussed. Such achievements require a fundamental rethinking of design methodologies to enable aggressive design and resource reuse (e.g., area, power, and design effort), along with low-cost on-chip sensorization and intelligence for physical attack detection. Such rethinking inevitably crosses over the traditional design abstractions, and requires innovation from the physical to the algorithmic level. At the physical and circuit levels, design and resource reuse is enabled by immersed-in-logic and in-memory security approaches. At the algorithm level, “hardware patching” is introduced and exemplified to show that runtime intelligence (machine learning) allows security capabilities to adapt and improve over time, as typical of security patching in software. Sensing techniques to detect attacks in situ from noninvasive to invasive are illustrated while still preserving fully automated design approaches. Overall, the above design principles are expected to push security capabilities in distributed systems to a new level, ultimately making the edge more intelligent and self-reliant, and security measures more distributed.
Solid-State and Super Solidus Liquid Phase Sintering of 4340 Steel SLM Powders Shaped by Fused Filament Fabrication

4340 steel powders were processed with an additive manufacturing process using the FFF (Fused Filament Fabrication) technique. A composite filament was developed to print samples and study the effect of the bed and nozzle temperatures on its physical and microstructural properties. The printed samples were debinded and sintered by: Solid State (SS) at 1300 °C or SLPS (Supersolidus Liquid Phase Sintering) at 1420 °C. Metallography and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) identified the microstructure and phases. The hardness of the sintered samples was measured with the Vickers method. The SLPS process contributes to better densification and volume contraction; however, it promotes geometrical distortion of the samples compared to the SS samples. The microstructure of the sintered samples consists of ferrite situated in the original austenite grain and bainite. The sintering mechanism significantly influenced the hardness of the samples. Finally, a part was designed, printed, debinded, and sintered with the aim of studying the maximum inclination angle, the minimum vertical and horizontal holes, and the minimum vertical layer thickness, which can be obtained through the whole process.
Polarized cold cloud of thulium atom

Minimization of internal degrees of freedom is an important step in the cooling of atomic species to degeneracy temperature. Here, we report on the loading of 6 × 105 thulium atoms optically polarized at maximum possible magnetic quantum number m F = − 4 state into dipole trap operating at 532 nm. The purity of polarizations of the atoms was experimentally verified using a Stern–Gerlach-type experiment. Experimental measured polarization of the state is m F = − 3.91 ± 0.26 .
A Novel Approach of Face Detection Based on Double Skin Models and AdaBoost Algorithm

A novel face detection approach based on double skin models and AdaBoost algorithm is proposed in this paper. The image segemention of skin regions is firstly got with a fixed threshold skin model in YCbCr color space. The image segemention result is used for optimizing the parameters of Gaussian skin color model which is used for the image segmentation of the skin regions secondly. The logical operations are computed with the twice results of skin segmentation and then the coarse position of candidate face regions are got by morphological processing. Finally, the accurate face regions are acquired combined with Adaboost algorithm. The experimental results indicate that this face detection method can restrain the false number better on the premise that a proper detection rate should be kept and has better robustness.
Women's Social Capital

This study aims to find various practices of women's social capital for the resilience of small industrial enterprises. This study uses a qualitative research method through a case study at UIK Kacang Tore. The data collection technique used triangulation in the form of observation, interviews and documentation. In the data analysis using the Spradley step-forward model. The results found in the field are various social capital practices created on the elements of social capital in terms of (1) Maintaining Loyalty, (2) Firm and tenacious in decision making, (3) Build communication with the environment, (4) Maintain and maintain responsibility, (5) Strong family member support, (6) Cooperation and mutual encouragement between individuals, (7) Mutual helpful and (8) Participatory. Various social capital practices that have been formed have become a big capital for the resilience of small industrial enterprises and this becomes a recommendation for Indonesian women who work in small industrial enterprises to continue to improve their quality, especially in the development of social capital.
A Quad-Polarization Reconfigurable Fixed-Frequency Beam-Scanning Leaky-Wave Antenna Based on the Holographic Method for Millimeter-Wave Application

A quad-polarization reconfigurable fixed-frequency beam-scanning leaky-wave antenna (LWA) operating at millimeter-wave Ka-band is presented in this article. A low-loss groove gap waveguide (GGW) structure is employed for low-loss transmission and feeding, above which there locates a metal-covered superstrate. Two rows of inclined slots etched on the metal cover in a staggered arrangement operate as the radiated sources. A modified holographic method is presented, and the hologram can be manipulated by switching the states between “ON” and “OFF” of the p-i-n diodes, and hence the fixed-frequency beam-scanning property with polarization agility of four different polarization states can be realized, including horizontal polarization (HP), vertical polarization (VP), left-handed circular polarization (LHCP), and right-handed circular polarization (RHCP). Besides, measured results of the fabricated antenna are given to verify its performance. The measured peak gains at 30 GHz reach 11.3 dBi in the HP state, 13.0 dBi in the VP state, 11.5 dBic in the LHCP state, and 11.8 dBic in the RHCP state, respectively, with a beam-scanning range of 100° (from −50° to $\mathrm{50}^{\circ }$ ), showing good agreement with the simulated results.
Efficiency of thermal relaxation by radiative processes in protoplanetary discs: constraints on hydrodynamic turbulence

Hydrodynamic, non-magnetic instabilities can provide turbulent stress in the regions of protoplanetary discs, where the MRI can not develop. The induced motions influence the grain growth, from which formation of planetesimals begins. Thermal relaxation of the gas constrains origins of the identified hydrodynamic sources of turbulence in discs. We estimate the radiative relaxation timescale of temperature perturbations and study the dependence of this timescale on the perturbation wavelength, the location within the disc, the disc mass, and the dust-to-gas mass ratio. We then apply thermal relaxation criteria to localise modes of the convective overstability, the vertical shear instability, and the zombie vortex instability. Our calculations employed the latest tabulated dust and gas mean opacities and we account for the collisional coupling to the emitting species. The relaxation criterion defines the bulk of a typical T Tauri disc as unstable to the development of linear hydrodynamic instabilities. The midplane is unstable to the convective overstability from at most $2\mbox{ au}$ and up to $40\mbox{ au}$, as well as beyond $140\mbox{ au}$. The vertical shear instability can develop between $15\mbox{ au}$ and $180\mbox{ au}$. The successive generation of (zombie) vortices from a seeded noise can work within the inner $0{. }8\mbox{ au}$. Dynamic disc modelling with the evolution of dust and gas opacities is required to clearly localise the hydrodynamic turbulence, and especially its non-linear phase.
Two-dimensional Galaxy Image Decomposition

We propose a two-dimensional galaxy fitting algorithm to extract parameters of the bulge, disk, and a central point source from broadband images of galaxies. We use a set of realistic galaxy parameters to construct a large number of model galaxy images, which we then use as input to our galaxy decomposition program to test it. We elucidate our procedure by extracting parameters for three disk galaxies—NGC 5326, 5587, and 7311—and compare our results with those previously reported in the literature.
Effect of nitrogen-starvation on growth pattern and expression of nitrogen assimilation genes

Studying plant response and adaptation under low nitrogen stress condition is pre-requisite to enhance nitrogen use efficiency in crops. The present study investigated the physiological and molecular responses of maize (Zea mays L.) to nitrogen stress during early vegetative stage. Maize seedlings were grown hydroponically under controlled environmental conditions in phytotron. One set of plants were nutritionally stressed by eliminating nitrogen source in hydroponic culture while the other set was provided with nitrogen (2 mM KNO3). Under nitrogen-starvation condition, plant growth and physiological parameters changed dramatically. Significant reduction in chlorophyll content, total soluble proteins and nitrate reductase activity was observed. Further, nitrogen-starvation resulted into differential expression of genes related to nitrogen-assimilation and metabolism. The present study might be useful to improve our understanding towards plants adaptive response under nitrogen-starvation conditions.