Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Positional information specifies the site of organ regeneration and not tissue maintenance in planarians

Most animals undergo homeostatic tissue maintenance, yet those capable of robust regeneration in adulthood use mechanisms significantly overlapping with homeostasis. Here we show in planarians that modulations to body-wide patterning systems shift the target site for eye regeneration while still enabling homeostasis of eyes outside this region. The uncoupling of homeostasis and regeneration, which can occur during normal positional rescaling after axis truncation, is not due to altered injury signaling or stem cell activity, nor specific to eye tissue. Rather, pre-existing tissues, which are misaligned with patterning factor expression domains, compete with properly located organs for incorporation of migratory progenitors. These observations suggest that patterning factors determine sites of organ regeneration but do not solely determine the location of tissue homeostasis. These properties provide candidate explanations for how regeneration integrates pre-existing tissues and how regenerative abilities could be lost in evolution or development without eliminating long-term tissue maintenance and repair. One Sentence Summary Homeostatic tissue maintenance can occur independent of precise positional information in planarians.
Influence of phytase or myo-inositol supplements on performance and phytate degradation products in the crop, ileum, and blood of broiler chickens

Abstract The objective of this study was to investigate the effects of supplementation with free myo‐inositol (MI) or graded levels of phytase on inositol phosphate (InsP) degradation, concentrations of MI in the digestive tract and blood, bone mineralization, and prececal digestibility of amino acids (AA). Ross 308 broiler hatchlings were allocated to 40 pens with 11 birds each and assigned to one of 5 treatments. The birds were fed a starter diet until d 11 and a grower diet from d 11 to d 22. All diets were based on wheat, soybean meal, and corn. Birds were fed a control diet, calculated to contain adequate levels of all nutrients without (C) or with MI supplementation (C+MI), or one of 3 experimental diets that differed in phytase level (modified E. coli‐derived 6‐phytase; Phy500, Phy1500, or Phy3000 FTU/kg), with P and Ca levels adapted to the recommendations of the phytase supplier for a phytase level of 500 FTU/kg. The gain:feed ratio (G:F) was increased by MI or phytase in the starter+grower phase by 0.02 g/g. Prececal P and Ca digestibility, P and Ca concentration in blood serum, and tibia ash weight did not differ among treatments (P > 0.05). MI supplementation led to the highest MI concentration in the crop, ileum, and blood plasma across treatments. Phytase supplementation increased MI concentrations in the crop and ileum digesta in a dose‐dependent manner and in plasma without any dose effect (P > 0.05). Prececal digestibility of some AA was increased by phytase. These outcomes indicate that MI might have been a relevant cause for the increase in G:F. Therefore, it is likely that the release of MI after complete dephosphorylation of phytate is one of the beneficial effects of phytase, along with the release of P and improvement in digestibility of other nutrients. Simultaneously, MI seems to have no diminishing effects on InsP degradation.
Macronutrient balances and obesity: the role of diet and physical activity

Abstract Observational cross-sectional and longitudinal studies suggest that a high fat diet and physical inactivity are independent risk factors for weight gain and obesity. Mechanistic and intervention studies support that fat possesses a lower satiating power than carbohydrate and protein, and a diet low in fat therefore decreases energy intake. The effect of dietary fat on energy balance is enhanced in susceptible subjects, particularly in sedentary individuals with a genetic predisposition to obesity who consume a high fat diet. Dietary carbohydrate promotes its own oxidation by an insulin-mediated stimulation of glucose oxidation. In contrast, high fat meals do not increase fat oxidation acutely. A sedentary life-style and low physical fitness cause a low muscular fat oxidation capacity, and the consumption of a high fat diet by these individuals promotes fat storage in a synergistic fashion. Ad libitum low fat diets cause weight loss proportional to pre-treatment body weight in a dose-dependent way, i.e. weight loss is correlated positively to the reduction in dietary fat content. Increased physical activity prevents relapse after weight loss and studies have shown that those who keep up a higher level of physical activity are more successful in maintaining the reduced body weight. In conclusion, important interactions exist between genetic make up, dietary fat and physical fitness, so that a low fitness level and susceptible genes reduce muscular fat oxidation capacity which may decrease the tolerance of dietary fat. Increasing daily physical activity and reducing dietary fat content may be more effective when combined than when separate in preventing weight gain and obesity.
A review of sleep disorders and melatonin

Abstract Sleep disorders are a group of conditions that affect the ability to sleep well on a regular basis and cause significant impairments in social and occupational functions. Although currently approved medications are efficacious, they are far from satisfactory. Benzodiazepines, antidepressants, antihistamines and anxiolytics have the potential for dependence and addiction. Moreover, some of these medications can gradually impair cognition. Melatonin (N-acetyl-5-methoxytryptamine) is an endogenous hormone produced by the pineal gland and released exclusively at night. Exogenous melatonin supplementation is well tolerated and has no obvious short- or long-term adverse effects. Melatonin has been shown to synchronize the circadian rhythms, and improve the onset, duration and quality of sleep. It is centrally involved in anti-oxidation, circadian rhythmicity maintenance, sleep regulation and neuronal survival. This narrative review aims to provide a comprehensive overview of various therapeutic functions of melatonin in insomnia, sleep-related breathing disorders, hypersomnolence, circadian rhythm sleep–wake disorders and parasomnias. Melatonin offers an alternative treatment to the currently available pharmaceutical therapies for sleep disorders with significantly less side effects.
Direct laser bonding of transparent materials using ultrashort laser pulses at high repetition rates

Transparent materials surround us everywhere in our daily life. Especially glass has a dominant role due to its excellent optical, mechanical and chemical properties. For the processing of glass numerous techniques are well known, some of them are more than several hundred years old. In contrast, the reliable and stable bonding of two different glasses is still a demanding problem. Most of the developed glass bonding techniques are adapted from well known silicon waver techniques [1, 2]. All the established methods e.g. optical contacting, direct bonding or anodic bonding exhibit certain disadvantages as these methods were not designed for the bonding of glasses [3, 4]. For example, optical contacting - were two ultraclean glass samples are pressed together and adhere due to the van der Waals forces between their surface atoms - yields only weak bonds. Alternatively, laser pulses can be used to weld the glass samples together. Commonly high average power cw-lasers are used for laser welding. However for the absorption of cwlaser radiation an opaque material is required. Alternatively, ultrashort laser pulses have proven to be a powerful tool for the processing of transparent materials within the last two decades. The extremely short pulse duration allow nonlinear processes that fundamentally differ from traditional light-matter interaction mechanisms. Nonlinear absorption induced by ultrashort pulses leads to an extremely non-equilibrium state in a confined volume resulting in a variety of different material modifications [5, 6]. Due to the highly localized energy deposition machining of sub micron features and full three dimensional processing of transparent materials become feasible [5, 7]. In fused silica three different types of modifications can be induced: isotropic and anisotropic index changes [5, 6, 8, 9, 10] and the generation of small cavities [11, 12]. Promising applications include the realization of photonic circuits [13, 14, 15, 16], birefringent elements [17, 18], microfluidic channels [19] or data storage devices [20].
Comparison of Amino Acids Physico-Chemical Properties and Usage of Late Embryogenesis Abundant Proteins, Hydrophilins and WHy Domain

Late Embryogenesis Abundant proteins (LEAPs) comprise several diverse protein families and are mostly involved in stress tolerance. Most of LEAPs are intrinsically disordered and thus poorly functionally characterized. LEAPs have been classified and a large number of their physico-chemical properties have been statistically analyzed. LEAPs were previously proposed to be a subset of a very wide family of proteins called hydrophilins, while a domain called WHy (Water stress and Hypersensitive response) was found in LEAP class 8 (according to our previous classification). Since little is known about hydrophilins and WHy domain, the cross-analysis of their amino acids physico-chemical properties and amino acids usage together with those of LEAPs helps to describe some of their structural features and to make hypothesis about their function. Physico-chemical properties of hydrophilins and WHy domain strongly suggest their role in dehydration tolerance, probably by interacting with water and small polar molecules. The computational analysis reveals that LEAP class 8 and hydrophilins are distinct protein families and that not all LEAPs are a protein subset of hydrophilins family as proposed earlier. Hydrophilins seem related to LEAP class 2 (also called dehydrins) and to Heat Shock Proteins 12 (HSP12). Hydrophilins are likely unstructured proteins while WHy domain is structured. LEAP class 2, hydrophilins and WHy domain are thus proposed to share a common physiological role by interacting with water or other polar/charged small molecules, hence contributing to dehydration tolerance.
A computer-assisted robotic platform for Focused Ultrasound Surgery: Assessment of high intensity focused ultrasound delivery

In the last century, medicine showed considerable advancements in terms of new technologies, devices and diagnostic/therapeutic strategies. Those advantages led to a significant reduction of invasiveness and an improvement of surgical outcomes. In this framework, a computer-assisted surgical robotic platform able to perform non-invasive Focused Ultrasound Surgery (FUS) - the FUTURA platform - has the ambitious goal to improve accuracy, safety and flexibility of the treatment, with respect to current FUS procedures. Aim of this work is to present the current implementation of the robotic platform and the preliminary results about high intensity focused ultrasound (HIFU) delivery in in-vitro conditions, under 3D ultrasound identification and monitoring. Tests demonstrated that the average accuracy of the HIFU delivery is lower than 0.7 mm in both X and Y radial directions and 3.7 mm in the axial direction (Z) with respect to the HIFU transducer active surface.
Efficacy of Mirror Therapy Containing Functional Tasks in Poststroke Patients

Objective To investigate the effect of mirror therapy containing functional tasks on upper extremity function and activities of daily living in patients with subacute stroke. Methods The subjects were randomly divided into two groups: the mirror therapy group (30 patients) and the sham therapy group (30 patients). The mirror therapy group underwent a mirror therapy program together with conventional therapy for 20 minutes per day on 5 days per week for 4 weeks. The control group received a sham conventional therapy program under the same schedule as the mirror therapy group. The Fugl-Meyer Motor Function Assessment (FMA), Brunnstrom motor recovery stage, and Modified Barthel Index (MBI) were evaluated 4 weeks after the treatment. Results The upper extremity function on the affected side and ability to perform daily life activities after the intervention were significantly improved in both groups. After 4 weeks of intervention, improvements in the FMA (p=0.027) and MBI (p=0.041) were significantly greater in the mirror therapy group than the sham therapy group. Conclusion In this study, we found that the mirror therapy containing functional task was effective in terms of improving the upper extremity functions and activities of daily living in patients with subacute stroke.
Sliding Mode Controllers using Output Information: An LMI Approach

This paper considers the development of sliding mode output feedback controllers. The existence problem is solved via a static output feedback formulation using a descriptor approach. Linear matrix inequalities (LMI) are used to obtain the parameters of the switching function. The paper provides conditions in terms of the system structure for a stable reduced-order sliding motin to exist. A controller is constructed to ensure the sliding mode is reached. A numerical example from the literature illustrates the proposed method.
Infectious Diseases Consultation Reduces 30-Day and 1-Year All-Cause Mortality for Multidrug-Resistant Organism Infections

Abstract Background Multidrug-resistant organism (MDRO) infections are associated with high mortality and readmission rates. Infectious diseases (ID) consultation improves clinical outcomes for drug-resistant Staphylococcus aureus bloodstream infections. Our goal was to determine the association between ID consultation and mortality following various MDRO infections. Methods This study was conducted with a retrospective cohort (January 1, 2006–October 1, 2015) at an academic tertiary referral center. We identified patients with MDROs in a sterile site or bronchoalveolar lavage/bronchial wash culture. Mortality and readmissions within 1 year of index culture were identified, and the association of ID consultation with these outcomes was determined using Cox proportional hazards models with inverse weighting by the propensity score for ID consultation. Results A total of 4214 patients with MDRO infections were identified. ID consultation was significantly associated with reductions in 30-day and 1-year mortality for resistant S. aureus (hazard ratio [HR], 0.48; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.36–0.63; and HR, 0.73, 95% CI, 0.61–0.86) and Enterobacteriaceae (HR, 0.41; 95% CI, 0.27–0.64; and HR, 0.74; 95% CI, 0.59–0.94), and 30-day mortality for polymicrobial infections (HR, 0.51; 95% CI, 0.31–0.86) but not Acinetobacter or Pseudomonas. For resistant Enterococcus, ID consultation was marginally associated with decreased 30-day mortality (HR, 0.81; 95% CI, 0.62–1.06). ID consultation was associated with reduced 30-day readmission for resistant Enterobacteriaceae. Conclusions ID consultation was associated with significant reductions in 30-day and 1-year mortality for resistant S. aureus and Enterobacteriaceae, and 30-day mortality for polymicrobial infections. There was no association between ID consultation and mortality for patients with resistant Pseudomonas, Acinetobacter, or Enterococcus, possibly due to small sample sizes. Our results suggest that ID consultation may be beneficial for patients with some MDRO infections.
A New Look at Genetic and Environmental Architecture on Lipids Using Non-Normal Structural Equation Modeling in Male Twins : The NHLBI Twin Study

In a twin study, a trait or phenotype is conceptually determined by four latent effects: additive genetic (A), dominant genetic (D), common environmental (C), and unique environmental (E) effects. These latent effects can be statistically estimated from phenotype data collected from monozygotic and dizygotic twins using structural equation modeling. Traditional structural equation modeling (SEM) cannot estimate A, D, C, and E effects simultaneously because C and D are confounded in the classical twin study (Neale and Maes 1992; Rijsdijk and Sham 2002). As a result, in twin studies, C and D together cannot be included in the SEM. Instead, ACE and ADE, but not ADCE or Abstract This study examined genetic and environmental influences on the lipid concentrations of 1028 male twins using the novel univariate non-normal structural equation modeling (nnSEM) ADCE and ACE models. In the best fitting nnSEM ADCE model that was also better than the nnSEM ACE model, additive genetic factors (A) explained 4%, dominant genetic factors (D) explained 17%, and common (C) and unique (E) environmental factors explained 47% and 33% of the total variance of high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C). The percentage of variation explained for other lipids was 0% (A), 30% (D), 34% (C) and 37% (E) for low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDLC); 30, 0, 31 and 39% for total cholesterol; and 0, 31, 12 and 57% for triglycerides. It was concluded that additive and dominant genetic factors simultaneously affected
Risk perceptions of public health and food safety hazards in poultry husbandry by citizens, poultry farmers and poultry veterinarians

Abstract Differences in risk perceptions of public health and food safety hazards in various poultry husbandry systems by various stakeholder groups, may affect the acceptability of those husbandry systems. Therefore, the objective was to gain insight into risk perceptions of citizens, poultry farmers, and poultry veterinarians regarding food safety and public health hazards in poultry husbandry systems, and into factors explaining these risk perceptions. We surveyed risk perceptions of Campylobacter contamination of broiler meat, avian influenza introduction in laying hens, and altered dioxin levels in eggs for the most commonly used broiler and laying hen husbandry systems in Dutch citizens (n = 2,259), poultry farmers (n = 100), and poultry veterinarians (n = 41). Citizens perceived the risks of the three hazards in the indoor systems higher and in the outdoor systems lower than did the professionals. Citizens reported higher concerns regarding aspects reflecting underlying psychological factors of risk perception compared to professionals. Professionals indicated a relatively low level of personal control, which might imply risk denial. Of the socio‐demographic characteristics, gender and childhood residence were associated with risk perceptions. The influence of other factors of risks perception are discussed. It is suggested that risk perceptions of all stakeholder groups are influenced by affect, stigma, and underlying values. To adapt current or new husbandry systems that can count on societal support, views of key stakeholders and multiple aspects such as animal welfare, public health, food safety, and underlying values should be considered integrally. When trade‐offs, such as between animal welfare and public health have to be made, insight into underlying values might help to find consensus among stakeholders.
Design and Optimization of AlGaN Solar-Blind Double Heterojunction Ultraviolet Phototransistor

The n-p-i-n AlGaN solar-blind ultraviolet double heterojunction phototransistor (DHPT) with internal gain is proposed and optimized in this paper. The dependences of spectral responsivity and quantum gain on structure parameters of the AlGaN DHPT are simulated in detail. Then, the polarization effect of AlGaN heterojunction on the performance of AlGaN DHPT is also investigated. Results show that positive polarization charge would enhance the photoresponse of the device, whereas the negative polarization charge would reduce the photoresponse significantly. The reasons for the polarization effect on performance of AlGaN DHPT are discussed.
Improved method to graft polyaniline on E-glass fabric to enhance its electronic conductivity

A method to enhance the electronic conductivity of polyaniline grafted E-glass fabric is described. The influence of substituted aromatic sulfonic acids as primary dopants on conductivity of the grafted polyaniline–E-glass fabrics is studied. The conducting fabrics obtained in this method were characterized by UV-vis spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction study, thermogravimetric analysis, and conductivity. Shielding effectiveness measurements on these Pan–E-glass fabrics showed that the performance is improved (i.e., 0.01 MHz = 49 dB, 1000 MHz = 7 dB) compared to earlier studies (i.e., 0.05 MHz = 37 dB, 1000 MHz = 1 dB) without pretreatment of fabrics. Possible application of these fabrics, e.g., for dissipation of electrostatic charge, is suggested. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 96: 2316–2323, 2005
Polyneuropathy following acute fenitrothion poisoning

The clinical usefulness of electrophysiological studies is well documented in organophosphate (OP) poisoning [1–3]. We report a case of acute fenitrothion poisoning with unusual polyneuropathy, which suggests that electrophysiological study may also be useful in other critical illnesses following OP poisoning. A 60-year-old female visited our emergency department 3 h after ingesting 100ml of 40% fenitrothion co-ingested with ethanol. Based on initial vital signs, physical examination, and laboratory test results, she was suspected as having mild cholinergic toxicity. She was admitted to the ICU for close clinical observation and received atropine (2.0–4.0 mlg/ day) and pralidoxime (12 g/day). On hospital day three, she exhibited delayed respiratory failure and acute lung injury, which required the endotracheal intubation and mechanical ventilation. After collecting blood cultures, third generation cephalosporin and metronidazole were administered. By hospital day 16, although her aspiration pneumonia and clinical conditions considerably improved, she could not be weaned off the mechanical ventilator. She exhibited decreased deep tendon reflex, sensory change and motor weakness of the extremities. Electrophysiological studies on hospital day 21 revealed unusual polyneuropathy without a characteristic decrement response on repetitive nerve stimulation (RNS) and decreased amplitude of sensory (digital nerve 9.0–9.7 microvoltage) and motor action potential (median nerve 3.4–4.6 millivoltage, ulnar nerve 3.8–4.2 millivoltage, common peroneal nerve 2.3–2.9 millivoltage), which completely recovered by HD 36 with antidote therapy and conservative care. She was discharged on hospital day 42.
A Model of Type Theory in Cubical Sets

We present a model of type theory with dependent product, sum, and identity, in cubical sets. We describe a universe and explain how to transform an equivalence between two types into an equality. We also explain how to model propositional truncation and the circle. While not expressed internally in type theory, the model is expressed in a constructive metalogic. Thus it is a step towards a computational interpretation of Voevodsky's Univalence Axiom.