Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Thematically Analysing Social Network Content During Disasters Through the Lens of the Disaster Management Lifecycle

Social Networks such as Twitter are often used for disseminating and collecting information during natural disasters. The potential for its use in Disaster Management has been acknowledged. However, more nuanced understanding of the communications that take place on social networks are required to more effectively integrate this information into the processes within disaster management. The type and value of information shared should be assessed, determining the benefits and issues, with credibility and reliability as known concerns. Mapping the tweets in relation to the modelled stages of a disaster can be a useful evaluation for determining the benefits/drawbacks of using data from social networks, such as Twitter, in disaster management. A thematic analysis of tweets' content, language and tone during the UK Storms and Floods 2013/14 was conducted. Manual scripting was used to determine the official sequence of events, and classify the stages of the disaster into the phases of the Disaster Management Lifecycle, to produce a timeline. Twenty-five topics discussed on Twitter emerged, and three key types of tweets, based on the language and tone, were identified. The timeline represents the events of the disaster, according to the Met Office reports, classed into B. Faulkner's Disaster Management Lifecycle framework. Context is provided when observing the analysed tweets against the timeline. This illustrates a potential basis and benefit for mapping tweets into the Disaster Management Lifecycle phases. Comparing the number of tweets submitted in each month with the timeline, suggests users tweet more as an event heightens and persists. Furthermore, users generally express greater emotion and urgency in their tweets. This paper concludes that the thematic analysis of content on social networks, such as Twitter, can be useful in gaining additional perspectives for disaster management. It demonstrates that mapping tweets into the phases of a Disaster Management Lifecycle model can have benefits in the recovery phase, not just in the response phase, to potentially improve future policies and activities.
The role of agricultural biodiversity in strengthening resilience to climate change: towards an analytical framework

Traditional agricultural communities manage biodiversity at various scales, creating dynamic landscape mosaics of fields, gardens, orchards, pastures and ecosystem patches. Agricultural biodiversity and associated traditional knowledge are essential to the climate change resilience of these landscapes, but their roles are largely overlooked by researchers and policy makers. A review of 172 case studies and project reports from around the world shows that agricultural biodiversity contributes to resilience through a number of, often combined, strategies: the protection and restoration of ecosystems, the sustainable use of soil and water resources, agro-forestry, diversification of farming systems, various adjustments in cultivation practices and the use of stress-tolerant crops and crop improvement. Using social–ecological systems theory as a conceptual framework, these practices are examined to identify indicators of resilience in agricultural landscapes. The indicators are a first step in the development of a framework for assessing and building climate change resilience, intended both for local communities and for the scientists and organizations working closely with them. The framework can be used to (i) identify biodiversity management practices and social institutions that can be encouraged as ways to strengthen resilience, (ii) monitor the resilience of a landscape/community over time and (iii) aggregate and compare data across communities and landscapes.
Small Molecule Mimetics of α-Helical Domain of IRAK2 Attenuate the Proinflammatory Effects of IL-33 in Asthma-like Mouse Models

IL-33 and its receptor ST2 play important roles in airway inflammation and contribute to asthma onset and exacerbation. The IL-33/ST2 signaling pathway recruits adapter protein myeloid differentiation primary response 88 (MyD88) to transduce intracellular signaling. MyD88 forms a complex with IL-R–associated kinases (IRAKs), IRAK4 and IRAK2, called the Myddosome (MyD88–IRAK4–IRAK2). The myddosome subsequently activates downstream NF-κB and MAPKs p38 and JNK. We established an asthma-like mouse model by intratracheal administration of IL-33. The IL-33 model has a very similar phenotype compared with the OVA-induced mouse asthma model. The importance of MyD88 in the IL-33/ST2 signaling transduction was demonstrated by the MyD88 knockout mice, which were protected from the IL-33–induced asthma. We synthesized small molecule mimetics of the α-helical domain of IRAK2 with drug-like characteristics based on the recent advances in the designing of α-helix compounds. The mimetics can competitively interfere in the protein–protein interaction between IRAK2 and IRAK4, leading to disruption of Myddosome formation. A series of small molecules were screened using an NF-κB promoter assay in vitro. The lead compound, 7004, was further studied in the IL-33–induced and OVA-induced asthma mouse models in vivo. Compound 7004 can inhibit the IL-33–induced NF-κB activity, disrupt Myddosome formation, and attenuate the proinflammatory effects in asthma-like models. Our data indicate that the Myddosome may represent a novel intracellular therapeutic target for diseases in which IL-33/ST2 plays important roles, such as asthma and other inflammatory diseases.
[Treatment of patients with long nocturnal asystoles and obstructive sleep apnea syndrome by creating continuous positive air pressure in the upper respiratory tract].

AIM To study prevalence of obstructive sleep apnea syndrome (OSAS) in patients with nocturnal asystoles, and assess therapeutic efficiency of constant positive air pressure (CPAP) applied to upper respiratory tract in this category of patients. METHODS The study incorporated 37 patients (33 men and 4 women, average age 50+/-11 years) with nocturnal heart beat interruptions of over 3 seconds. Baseline examination revealed grade II-III arterial hypertension in 67.5%, coronary heart disease - in 19%, diabetes mellitus in 8% and no cardiovascular disease - in 5.5% of patients. Sinus rhythm was registered in 30 (81%) of patients, 7 (19%) patients had permanent atrial fibrillation. Causes of deteriorated cardiac conduction were as follows: sinoatrial blocks and sinoatrial arrests (n=18), grade II-III atrio ventricular block (n=10), combination of these forms of bradyarrhythmias (n=2) and block of conduction to ventricles in permanent atrial fibrillation (n=7). According to intra esophageal cardiac pacing, the function of sinus node and atrio ventricular conduction appeared to be undisturbed in all patients with sinus rhythm. All patients have undergone polysomnographic (PSG) examination. For patients with OSAS, an individual selection of therapeutic pressure was carried out using the CPAP apparatuses. CPAP therapy was considered effective against OSAS if normalization of apnea/hypopnea index (AHI) was observed. RESULTS OSAS was registered in 25 cases (68%) (mean AHI 54.9+/-28.7), 20 patients (80%) had severe grade of the syndrome. CPAP therapy appeared to be effective in all patients. At the background of treatment AHI decreased from 60.7 to 5.5 episodes per hour of sleep, mean oxygen saturation of arterial blood rose from 74 to 90%. Effect of CPAP therapy relative to cardiac conduction abnormalities was attained in all 19 patients with sinus rhythm and only in one patient with permanent atrial fibrillation. CONCLUSION OSAS was revealed in 68% of patients with nocturnal bradyarrhythmias. Individually selected therapy with constant positive pressure in patients with nocturnal asystoles and OSAS efficiently eliminated in sleep asystoles and made it possible to avoid pacemaker implantation in some patients.
Exploring Buddhist influence on the entrepreneurial decision

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to explore the role that socio‐religious context plays in the decision of whether to become and entrepreneur, and what type of new business venture to create.Design/methodology/approach – Interpretivist development from qualitative data obtained by interviews of entrepreneurs in Nepal and Canada.Findings – Conceptions of Right Livelihood play an important role in the evaluation and exploitation of entrepreneurial opportunities and in the day‐to‐day operations of the resultant new businesses.Originality/value – Links the literatures of social economics and entrepreneurship to explore how entrepreneurs must balance economic, social, and religious objectives when launching and operating new businesses.
Cavitation for improved sludge conversion into biogas

In several studies the beneficial influence of pre-treatment of waste activated sludge with cavitation on the biogas production was demonstrated. It is however, still not fully certain whether this effect should be mainly contributed to an increase in conversion rate of organics into biogas by anaerobic bacteria, and how much cavitation increases the total biogas yield. An increase in yield is only the case if cavitation can further disrupt otherwise inaccessible cell membrane structures and long chain organic molecules. In this study the influence of hydrodynamic cavitation on sludge that was already digested for 30 days was investigated. The total biogas yield could indeed be increased. The effect of the backpressure behind the venturi tube on the yield could not yet be established.
Cell-SELEX-based aptamer-conjugated nanomaterials for cancer diagnosis and therapy

Nucleic acid aptamers, which are generated by a novel technique called SELEX (systematic evolution of ligands by exponential enrichment), have recently attracted significant attention in the field of early detection and treatment of cancer based on their numerous merits, such as high affinity, high specificity, small size, little immunogenicity, stable structures, and ease of chemical modification. Furthermore, aptamers can gain more flexibility as cancer cell targeting tools when conjugated to nanomaterials, including metallic nanoparticles, carbon nanomaterials, DNA nanodevices, and polymeric nanoparticles. We discuss the progress achieved in cancer diagnosis and therapy through the conjugation of cell-SELEX-based aptamers with different nanomaterials.
Role of the (p)ppGpp Synthase RSH, a RelA/SpoT Homolog, in Stringent Response and Virulence of Staphylococcus aureus

ABSTRACT In most bacteria, nutrient limitations provoke the stringent control through the rapid synthesis of the alarmones pppGpp and ppGpp. Little is known about the stringent control in the human pathogen Staphylococcus aureus, partly due to the essentiality of the major (p)ppGpp synthase/hydrolase enzyme RSH (RelA/SpoT homolog). Here, we show that mutants defective only in the synthase domain of RSH (rshsyn) are not impaired in growth under nutrient-rich conditions. However, these mutants were more sensitive toward mupirocin and were impaired in survival when essential amino acids were depleted from the medium. RSH is the major enzyme responsible for (p)ppGpp synthesis in response to amino acid deprivation (lack of Leu/Val) or mupirocin treatment. Transcriptional analysis showed that the RSH-dependent stringent control in S. aureus is characterized by repression of genes whose products are predicted to be involved in the translation machinery and by upregulation of genes coding for enzymes involved in amino acid metabolism and transport which are controlled by the repressor CodY. Amino acid starvation also provoked stabilization of the RNAs coding for major virulence regulators, such as SaeRS and SarA, independently of RSH. In an animal model, the rshsyn mutant was shown to be less virulent than the wild type. Virulence could be restored by the introduction of a codY mutation into the rshsyn mutant. These results indicate that stringent conditions are present during infection and that RSH-dependent derepression of CodY-regulated genes is essential for virulence in S. aureus.
On the Growth Effects of Import Competition

This paper shows that the market structure of an economy's research sector is an important determinant of the aggregate growth rate, even though it has hereto been ignored in the new growth literature. To make this point in a concrete context, a simple model is used to show that import competition may stimulate growth by reducing the market power of domestic innovators. Specifically, import competition forces domestic innovators to chose between either quickening their pace of innovation or being displaced by foreign innovators. The pro-growth effect of import competition is shown to be welfare-increasing. The paper studies a number of policy implications including the growth effects of anti-trust policy, partial liberalization and trade in intellectual property rights.
Smoothing and Implications for Asset Allocation Choices

An extensive literature on smoothing issues in real estate markets has been published, covering a range of theoretical techniques, applications to indices and asset allocation. In this article, the authors focus on the practical implications of unsmoothing model selection and calibration for asset allocation decisions in the UK, US and Australian markets and sheds light upon contradictory results in previous studies. They find that different unsmoothing techniques yield very similar asset allocation choices. Identified portfolio weights are much more sensitive to the unsmoothing parameter than to the unsmoothing method. The authors conclude that research on smoothing should focus on the identification of the best parameter rather than on the specification of the model to be used. The empirical results reported are in line with previous studies with respect to the level of the unsmoothing parameter. Moreover, current weights of asset classes in institutional portfolios suggest a parameter maximzsing the portfolio's Sharpe ratio similar to the one identified in other studies. This result also has implications for the implied volatility of real estate markets.
Thirty years of social accounting, reporting and auditing: what (if anything) have we learnt?

In an increasingly complex world with increasingly powerful organisations it seems inevitable that society – or groups in society – would become anxious about whether these organisations could be encouraged to match that power with an appropriate responsibility. This is the function of accountability – to require individuals and organisations to present an account of those actions for which society holds them – or would wish to hold them – responsible. And the history of social accounting, at its most fundamental, is a history of attempts to develop this accountability. It seems to me that the widespread and systematic practice of social and environmental accounting is a deeply essential element in any well-functioning, complex democracy. The corollary is that the absence of such mechanisms raises fundamental questions about the nature of modern democracies. This article briefly outlines what I believe to be the three strands of social accounting. It then identifies a few of the lessons that we may be able to learn from current experience and, in particular, how social accounting is related to accountability, democracy and sustainability. The central issue of the tension between accountability and control is touched upon: I then illustrate how the stakeholder model can be used to help define the social account, and conclude with a few words on attestation.
Factors Influencing the Engagement between Enterprise Architects and Stakeholders in Enterprise Architecture Development

The development of Enterprise Architecture (EA) is facing several challenges. The highly referenced challenges in literature are related to enterprise architects and stakeholders. The enterprise architects and the stakeholders are the main actors in EA development. However, there are limited studies that cover the relationship of the enterprise architects and the stakeholders. The purpose of this paper is to identify the factors characterizing the engagement of enterprise architects and the stakeholders in EA development. The study used a systematic literature review (SLR) as a method to identify the factors and proposing an initial engagement model. The SLR revealed 12 factors that influence the engagement between the enterprise architect and the stakeholders. These factors are organized using the multiple perspective theory under three perspectives namely; technical, organizational and personal that comprise the initial engagement model. The study is contributing by shedding the light on the key aspects of engagement factors between the enterprise architects and the stakeholders in the development of EA. Furthermore, it is an initial step towards developing the engagement framework by comprehending these key aspects.
The relationship between employee propensity to innovate and their decision to create a company

Purpose – The main objective of this paper is to analyze the relationship between employees' propensity to innovate and cultivate entrepreneurial aspirations whilst working within an organization. This paper aims to contribute to a better understanding of this interrelation, reflecting from a theoretical point of view on the factors that influence innovative propensity and entrepreneurial intention of the paid employee working in a public sector organization and studying the role played by the opportunity cost.Design/methodology/approach – A questionnaire survey was used to collect data from 149 employees working for a public organization. In order to verify the hypotheses proffered, two multiple regression analyses were undertaken.Findings – The authors provide evidence that an understanding of the capacity that some employees have towards innovation offers an added tier of information and affords meaningful results. Their findings suggest that there is a positive impact of innovative propensity on entre.
Who Benefits from the Education Saving Incentives? Income, Educational Expectations and the Value of the 529 and Coverdell

This paper examines the incentives created by the 529 and Cover dell tax-advantaged savings accounts. 1 find that the advantages of the 529 and Coverdell rise sharply with income for three reasons. First, those with the highest marginal tax rates benefit the most from sheltering income, gaining most in both absolute and relative terms. Second, the tax penalties that are assessed on families whose children do not use their Coverdell accounts to pay for college hit some families harder than others. Strikingly, those in the top two tax brackets benefit more from non-educational use of a Coverdell than those in the bottom bracket gain from its educational use. Finally, the college financial aid system reduces aid for those families that have any financial assets, including an ESA or 529. Since the highest-income families are unaffected by this aid tax, this further intensifies the positive correlation between income and the advantages of the tax-advantaged college savings accounts.
Transdisciplinar Meta-design for Geomatics Applications

Transdisciplinar collaboration is essential to approach the most important socio-environmental problems of our time. The transdisciplinar problem is not only the consensus building over common conceptual principles but also on how our reference frameworks organize and are sustained by the contributions of disciplinary and specialized knowledge built through their integration. The paper emphasizes the lessons learned through our line of research called Geomatics and Society, enabling us to advance transdisciplinar methodologies by establishing links between research and social claimants (government, private sector, NGOs, and civil society). As a result, complex interactions are represented, organized and geared towards the needs or problems expressed by actors involved in the search for possible solutions. The themes undertaken by our teams include territorial and land management, ecosystem services, environmental risks and vulnerabilities, competitiveness, health, education, public safety, migration, water and energy. To deal with such complex problems, a meta-design was developed, with a territorial systemic, analytical and transdisciplinar approach, in which not only scientific knowledge (explicit and formal) is considered valuable, but also the profound experience of the society is recognized as a product of creativity and tacit knowledge, acquired and progressively adapted to changes in its environment. We introduce “the territory” as a key and novel feature of the above framework thus enabling, through Geomatics solutions, the intersection of maps and knowledge from diverse specialists and social plaintiffs. This transdisciplinar meta-design is relevant to the understanding of the way social and natural phenomena auto-organize in a changing world.
Comparative digestibility of nutrients and amino acids in high-fiber diets fed to crossbred barrows of Duroc boars crossed with Berkshire×Jiaxing and Landrace×Yorkshire

Objective This experiment was conducted to determine the differences in the apparent ileal (AID) and total tract digestibility (ATTD) of nutrients and indispensable amino acids (IAA) in high-fiber diets with wheat middlings, rice bran or alfalfa meal fed to Duroc×(Landrace× Yorkshire) (DLY) and Duroc× (Berkshire×Jiaxing) (DBJ) growing barrows. Methods Eighteen DLY and 18 DBJ growing barrows were randomly allotted to a 2×3 factorial arrangement involving 2 crossbreeds and 3 high-fiber diets. The experiment lasted 15 d with 10 d for diets adaptation, 3 d for feces collection and 2 d for digesta collection. Three diets were based on corn and soybean meal with 25% wheat middlings, rice bran and alfalfa meal respectively. Results DBJ had a greater (p<0.05) AID of isoleucine, leucine, lysine, phenylalanine and valine and a lower (p<0.05) AID of methionine than DLY. The hindgut disappearance of acid detergent fiber for DBJ was greater (p<0.05) than DLY. The ATTD of gross energy, dry matter, organic matter, neutral detergent fiber and acid detergent fiber in wheat middlings diet were greater (p<0.05) than in rice bran and alfalfa meal diets. The hindgut disappearance of neutral detergent fiber and acid detergent fiber in wheat middlings diet or rice bran diet were the highest or lowest (p<0.05), and those of alfalfa meal diet were the middle. Barrows fed rice bran diet had a greater (p<0.05) hindgut disappearance of gross energy, dry matter and organic matter and lower hindgut disappearance of neutral detergent fiber and acid detergent fiber than barrows fed alfalfa meal diet Conclusion DBJ growing barrows showed a significant higher digestibility of fiber in the hindgut and most IAA in the small intestine compared with DLY barrows. The digestibilities of chemical constituents and IAA were affected by the diets formulated with different fiber sources.
Who Will Save Our Schools?: Teachers as Constructivist Leaders

Examining the Context and Promise of Schooling The Teacher as Constructivist Leader Changing the System A Prerequisite to Saving Our Schools Constructing Understandings of Learning Communities Essential Structures and Processes for Teacher Leadership and Systemic Change Teaching as Leading Who Sets the Learning Agenda Issues of Power, Authority, and Control Preparing the Constructivist Teacher Leader The Future of Teaching, Leading, and Reform