Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Dose-response study of alendronate sodium for the treatment of cancer-associated hypercalcemia.

PURPOSE A randomized, double-blind, dose-ranging study of single-dose intravenous (IV) therapy with alendronate sodium (aminohydroxybutylidene bisphosphonate) was performed in patients with cancer-associated hypercalcemia. PATIENTS AND METHODS Patients with hypercalcemia who had not received antitumor therapy in the preceding 7 days were treated with 48 hours of IV hydration. Patients with persistent hypercalcemia (albumin-corrected serum calcium concentration [CSCC] > or = 11.5 mg/dL) were randomly assigned to receive 2.5, 5, 10, or 15 mg of alendronate infused over 2 hours, or 10 mg of alendronate infused over 24 hours. Fifty-nine patients were treated and 50 patients were assessable for the dose-response relationship. RESULTS Normalization of CSCC (< or = 10.5 mg/dL) was achieved in 22%, 82%, 75%, and 90% of assessable patients in the 2.5-, 5-, 10- (2- and 24-hour groups pooled), and 15-mg dose groups, respectively, within 8 days of therapy. Doses > or = 5 mg were significantly superior to the 2.5-mg dose level (P < .05). There was no significant difference in the minimum CSCC achieved between the 2- and 24-hour infusions of the 10-mg dose. Based on an intent-to-treat analysis of all randomized patients, the overall complete response rate was 74% for dose levels greater than 2.5 mg. For assessable patients who responded to > or = 5 mg of alendronate, the estimated median duration of normocalcemia was 10 days (range, 1 to 25). The estimated median time to relapse (CSCC > 11.5 mg/dL) was 15 days from initial treatment and 12 days from initial response, respectively. Adverse events included a transient febrile response in 34% of patients and eight episodes of reversible elevations in serum transaminase levels among treated patients. CONCLUSION While a statistically significant dose-response relationship was not clearly evident at doses greater than 5 mg, single doses of > or = 5 mg alendronate sodium effectively lowered serum calcium concentrations and were well tolerated in the treatment of cancer-associated hypercalcemia.
Efficiency of the distal screw in the distal movement of maxillary molars.

AIM Conventionally, noncompliance distal movement of molars relies exclusively on intraoral anchorage. The distal screw, a distal jet appliance supplemented by two paramedian mini-implants, is an innovative alternative. The aim of this study was to evaluate the suitability of this device to move molars bodily and distally. METHODS The effects of the distal screw were evaluated in a sample of 18 consecutively treated preadolescent and adolescent individuals (nine females and nine males; mean age at the start of treatment, 11.2 years). Two conical mini-implants (length 11.0 mm, diameter 1.5 to 2.2 mm) were placed in the anterior paramedian area of the palate of each patient. The coil springs of the device were activated to deliver a force of 240 cN per side. The dental and skeletal effects were investigated on pre- and posttreatment cephalometric radiographs. RESULTS The distal screw produced a Class I occlusion of the first molars by moving them distally 4.7 mm, which is more than conventional appliances can accomplish. Although this took longer than conventional devices (9.1 months), it had the advantage of a roughly 2.1-mm premolar distal movement (ie, no anchorage loss as with traditional techniques). CONCLUSIONS The distal screw anchored by two palatal mini-implants allows not only translatory molar distal movement, but also distal movement of the maxillary first premolars, thereby avoiding characteristic anchorage loss.
The influence of hearing aids on the speech and language development of children with hearing loss.

IMPORTANCE Hearing loss (HL) in children can be deleterious to their speech and language development. The standard of practice has been early provision of hearing aids (HAs) to moderate these effects; however, there have been few empirical studies evaluating the effectiveness of this practice on speech and language development among children with mild-to-severe HL. OBJECTIVE To investigate the contributions of aided hearing and duration of HA use to speech and language outcomes in children with mild-to-severe HL. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS An observational cross-sectional design was used to examine the association of aided hearing levels and length of HA use with levels of speech and language outcomes. One hundred eighty 3- and 5-year-old children with HL were recruited through records of Universal Newborn Hearing Screening and referrals from clinical service providers in the general community in 6 US states. INTERVENTIONS All but 4 children had been fitted with HAs, and measures of aided hearing and the duration of HA use were obtained. MAIN OUTCOMES AND MEASURES Standardized measures of speech and language ability were obtained. RESULTS Measures of the gain in hearing ability for speech provided by the HA were significantly correlated with levels of speech (ρ179 = 0.20; P = .008) and language: ρ155 = 0.21; P = . 01) ability. These correlations were indicative of modest levels of association between aided hearing and speech and language outcomes. These benefits were found for children with mild and moderate-to-severe HL. In addition, the amount of benefit from aided hearing interacted with the duration of HA experience (Speech: F4,161 = 4.98; P < .001; Language: F4,138 = 2.91; P < .02). Longer duration of HA experience was most beneficial for children who had the best aided hearing. CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE The degree of improved hearing provided by HAs was associated with better speech and language development in children. In addition, the duration of HA experience interacted with the aided hearing to influence outcomes. These results provide support for the provision of well-fitted HAs to children with HL. In particular, the findings support early HA fitting and HA provision to children with mild HL.
Effects of Environmental Heat Stress (35 °C) with Simulated Air Movement on the Thermoregulatory Responses during a 4‐km Cycling Time Trial

The aim of the present investigation was to examine the influence of environmental heat stress (35 degrees C) on 4-km cycling time trial performance using simulated environmental conditions and facing air velocities that closely reflect competitive situations. Nine competitive cyclists (age 34 +/- 5 years, maximal oxygen uptake 61.7 +/- 8.6 ml . kg (-1) . min (-1)) completed a simulated 4-km cycling time trial in laboratory ambient temperatures (dry bulb temperatures) of 35 degrees C and 13 degrees C (relative humidity 60 %, air velocity 5.6 m/s). Mean performance time was reduced in 35 degrees C (390.1 +/- 19.6 s) compared to 13 degrees C (382.8 +/- 18.2 s) (95 % CI of difference = 4.0 to 10.6 s; p < 0.01). This was consistent with a decline in mean power output throughout the duration of exercise in 35 degrees C compared with 13 degrees C (p < 0.01). Mean skin temperature and mean body temperatures were elevated at rest and throughout the duration of exercise in 35 degrees C (p < 0.01). A higher level of muscle temperature was also observed at the onset and cessation of exercise in 35 degrees C (p < 0.01). The rate of heat storage (35 degrees C, 413.6 +/- 130.8 W . m (-2); 13 degrees C, 153.1 +/- 112.5 W . m (-2)) representative of the entire 4-km time trial was greater in the heat (p < 0.01). When expressed per kilometre, however, difference in the rate of heat storage between conditions declined during the final kilometre of exercise (p = 0.06). We conclude that the current decrements in self-selected work-rate in the heat are mediated to some extent through afferent feedback arising from changes in heat storage at rest and during the early stages of exercise which serve to regulate the subsequent exercise intensity in attempt to preserve thermal homeostasis.
Deposition of inhaled nanoparticles in the rat nasal passages: Dose to the olfactory region

In vivo experiments have shown that nanoparticles depositing in the rat olfactory region can translocate to the brain via the olfactory nerve. Quantitative predictions of the dose delivered by inhalation to the olfactory region are needed to clarify this route of exposure and to evaluate the dose-response effects of exposure to toxic nanoparticles. Previous in vivo and in vitro studies quantified the percentage of inhaled nanoparticles that deposit in the rat nasal passages, but olfactory dose was not determined. The dose to specific nasal epithelium types is expected to vary with inhalation rate and particle size. The purpose of this investigation, therefore, was to develop estimates of nanoparticle deposition in the nasal and, more specifically, olfactory regions of the rat. A three-dimensional, anatomically accurate, computational fluid dynamics (CFD) model of the rat nasal passages was employed to simulate inhaled airflow and to calculate nasal deposition efficiency. Particle sizes from 1 to 100 nm and airflow rates of 288, 432, and 576 ml/min (1, 1.5, and 2 times the estimated resting minute volume) were simulated. The simulations predicted that olfactory deposition is maximum at 6–9% of inhaled material for 3- to 4-nm particles. The spatial distribution of deposited particles was predicted to change significantly with particle size, with 3-nm particles depositing mostly in the anterior nose, while 30-nm particles were more uniformly distributed throughout the nasal passages.
Post-Dominator Analysis for Precisely Handling Implicit Flows

Most web applications today use JavaScript for including third-party scripts, advertisements etc., which pose a major security threat in the form of confidentiality and integrity violations. Dynamic information flow control helps address this issue of information stealing. Most of the approaches over-approximate when unstructured control flow comes into picture, thereby raising a lot of false alarms. We utilize the post-dominator analysis technique to determine the context of the program at a given point and prove that this approach is the most precise technique to handle implicit flows.
Fuzzy-based fake information detection algorithm to define the user trust on the content of social networks

Across the globe, right from people who are technologically naive to people who are with high-technical knowledge, use, share, spread, and connect with each other through online social networks. People start believing and sharing the social network content without any proof of its authenticity. In several cases, the reliability of the information that gets shared between the users remains questionable due to the anonymity of the information creators. In this work, a fuzzy detection algorithm is proposed to identify the trustable content in social media. The proposed methodology is evaluated on Twitter social network platform. By computing the predictive measures, the efficiency of the proposed approach is well established.
Postprandial hypertriglyceridemia associated with inflammatory response and procoagulant state after a high-fat meal in hypertensive patients

ObjectiveTo investigate the changes of inflammatory factors and hemostatic variable in plasma after a high-fat meal in normocholesterolemic patients with essential hypertension. MethodsA total of 60 hypertensive patients were randomly assigned to accept a single high-fat meal (group 1, n=40) or not (group 2, n=20) in the morning after an overnight fast, and 20 healthy participants (group 3) consumed a single high-fat meal on the same day. Plasma lipid profiles, high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hsCRP), tumor necrosis factor &agr; (TNF&agr;), soluble P-selectin and plasminogen activator inhibitor type 1 (PAI-1) antigen levels were measured at fasting and 4 h after meal ingestion. ResultsPostprandial triglyceride levels increased significantly in groups 1 and 3 (P<0.01), whereas levels were higher in group 1 (P<0.001). Postprandial plasma TNF&agr;, hsCRP, soluble P-selectin and PAI-1 antigen levels increased in group 1 (P<0.001) but not in group 3. Postprandial plasma triglyceride level was correlated with log(hsCRP) (P<0.001), TNF&agr; (P<0.001), soluble P-selectin (P<0.01) and PAI-1 antigen (P<0.05) levels, respectively. Both postprandial plasma level of soluble P-selectin and that of PAI-1 antigen were positively and significantly correlated with those of log(hsCRP) (P<0.01) and TNF&agr; (P<0.001), respectively. ConclusionPostprandial hypertriglyceridemia in hypertensive patients is associated with inflammatory response and procoagulant state.
Improving Semantic Similarity with Cross-Lingual Resources: A Study in Bangla - A Low Resourced Language

Semantic similarity is a long-standing problem in natural language processing (NLP). It is a topic of great interest as its understanding can provide a look into how human beings comprehend meaning and make associations between words. However, when this problem is looked at from the viewpoint of machine understanding, particularly for under resourced languages, it poses a different problem altogether. In this paper, semantic similarity is explored in Bangla, a less resourced language. For ameliorating the situation in such languages, the most rudimentary method (path-based) and the latest state-of-the-art method (Word2Vec) for semantic similarity calculation were augmented using cross-lingual resources in English and the results obtained are truly astonishing. In the presented paper, two semantic similarity approaches have been explored in Bangla, namely the path-based and distributional model and their cross-lingual counterparts were synthesized in light of the English WordNet and Corpora. The proposed methods were evaluated on a dataset comprising of 162 Bangla word pairs, which were annotated by five expert raters. The correlation scores obtained between the four metrics and human evaluation scores demonstrate a marked enhancement that the cross-lingual approach brings into the process of semantic similarity calculation for Bangla.
The effects of the New Orleans post-Katrina school reforms on student academic outcomes

Abstract: The school reforms put in place in New Orleans after Hurricane Katrina represent the most intensive test-based and market-based school accountability system ever created in the United States. Collective bargaining was ended, yielding flexible human capital management. Traditional attendance zones were eliminated, expanding choice for families. And almost all public schools were taken over by the state, which turned over management to outside non-profit charter management organizations working under performance contracts. Ten years later, this study provides the first examination of the effects of this package of reforms on student achievement. Identification is based on multiple difference-in-difference (DD) strategies, using outcomes before and after the hurricane and reforms in New Orleans and a matched comparison group that experienced hurricane damage but not the school reforms. The estimation procedures address potential threats to identification, including changes in the population, strategic behavior in test scores from high-stakes accountability, the influence of the interim schools attended by evacuated students, and the trauma and disruption from the hurricane itself. With the possible exception of test-based accountability strategic behavior, these factors seem to have a small influence and, collectively, they appear to cancel each other out. The results suggest that, over time, as the reforms yielded a new system of schools, they had large positive cumulative effects of 0.2-0.4 standard deviations.
Effect of therapeutic doses of mometasone furoate on cortisol levels in children with mild asthma.

Corticosteroids are the foundation of pharmacologic treatment for children with asthma. However, high-dose inhaled corticosteroid treatment can cause hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis suppression. We investigated the effect of three doses of mometasone furoate administered via dry-powder inhaler (MF-DPI) on the HPA axis in children. Fifty children (6-11 years) with mild asthma of > or =6 months' duration were randomized to MF-DPI, 100 (n = 13), 200 (n = 13), or 400 micrograms b.i. d. (n = 12), or placebo (n = 12) for 29 days. The primary end point was change from baseline in the 12-hour area under the plasma-cortisol-concentration-time curve (AUC). Secondary parameters included plasma cortisol response to cosyntropin stimulation and 24-hour urinary free cortisol concentrations. Compared with placebo, AUC changes associated with treatments of MF-DPI, 100 or 200 micrograms b.i. d. , were not significant, whereas a significant change was observed with MF-DPI, 400 micrograms b.i. d. (27%; p = 0.05). Responses to cosyntropin stimulation and urinary cortisol measurements were similar to placebo with all MF-DPI doses. All regimens were well tolerated. MF-DPI did not have a significant effect on plasma or urinary cortisol levels at doses up to 200 micrograms b.i. d. in children with mild asthma. Higher MF-DPI doses may potentially suppress the HPA axis.
Shrinking the state: The fate of the NHS and social care

The National Health Service (NHS) and local government-funded social care services are being challenged financially like never before. Real expenditure on the NHS has increased by less than 1% a year since 2010, and from 2018 there is no planned increase at all. In the face of everincreasing demand, care quality is unavoidably being eroded. In an attempt to hide extensive failures to meet them, waiting time targets for elective surgery and emergency care are being ‘reset’ with more flexibility. Patient discharges are increasingly being delayed by declining social care provision. How can we explain the government’s persistent reluctance to address funding shortages, and are policy responses likely to sustain patient care? Government is defending their ideologically driven response to ‘austerity’ by ensuring a stalemate with regard to NHS and social care funding. The purpose of this negative approach is to achieve a smaller state. Public expenditure as a percentage of GDP has been reduced from 45% in 2010 to 40% in 2016. Some in Government wish to push this percentage even lower if this means the privatisation of NHS funding. Public servants in NHS England are trying to break this deadlock and reduce pressures on patients and their carers. They are confronted by significant swings to the political right across Europe and elsewhere. They see the expenditure reductions in defence, the police and prisons as undermining the quality of public life just as the underfunding of the NHS is damaging the health of patients. The political ‘game’ of shrinking the size of the State is a fascinating struggle to determine the fate of valuable and vulnerable elements of the embattled welfare state as well as the overall quality of civil society.
The Role of Teams and Communities in the Emergence of Organizational Routines

This cutting-edge, multidisciplinary Handbook comprises specially commissioned contributions surveying state-of-the-art research on the concept of organizational routines. An authoritative overview of the concept of organizational routines and its contributions to our understanding of organizations is presented. To identify those contributions, the role of organizational routines in such processes as organizational learning, performance feedback, and organizational memory is discussed. To identify how the concept can contribute to different disciplinary fields, the expert authors review applications across a range of fields including political science, sociology, and accounting.
Chronic pancreatitis and inflammatory bowel disease: true or coincidental association?

OBJECTIVE:Several cases of pancreatitis have been described during the course of Crohn's disease (CD) or ulcerative colitis (UC), but many of them were related to either biliary lithiasis or drug intake. We tried to evaluate the clinical and morphological features of so-called idiopathic pancreatitis associated with inflammatory bowel disease and to define their pathological characteristics.METHODS:Chronic idiopathic pancreatitis was diagnosed on the basis of abnormal pancreatograms suggestive of chronic pancreatitis associated with or without impaired exocrine pancreatic function, or pathological examination in patients undergoing pancreatic resection. We found 6 patients presenting with features of chronic idiopathic pancreatitis and UC and 2 patients with CD seen between 1981 and 1996 in three hospital centers of the south of France. A review of the literature has identified 6 cases of pancreatitis associated with UC and 14 cases of pancreatitis associated with CD based on the above criteria.RESULTS:Hyperamylasemia was not a sensitive test since it was present in 44% and 64% of patients with UC or CD. In UC, pancreatitis was a prior manifestation in 58% of patients. In contrast, the pancreatitis appeared after the onset of CD in 56% of the cases. In patients with UC, pancreatitis were associated with severe disease revealed by pancolitis (42%) and subsequent surgery. Bile duct involvement was more frequent in patients with UC than with CD (58%vs 12%) mostly in the absence of sclerosing cholangitis (16%vs 6%). Weight loss and pancreatic duct stenosis were also more frequent in UC than in CD (41%vs 12% and 50%vs 23%, respectively). Pathological specimens were analyzed in 5 patients and demonstrated the presence of inter- and intralobular fibrosis with marked acinar regression in 3 and the presence of granulomas in 2 patients, both with CD.CONCLUSIONS:Pancreatitis is a rare extraintestinal manifestation of inflammatory bowel disease. Chronic pancreatitis associated with UC differs from that observed in CD by the presence of more frequent bile duct involvement, weight loss, and pancreatic duct stenosis, possibly giving a pseudo-tumor pattern.
The state of the art in short term prediction of wind power - from an offshore perspective

This presentation is based on a longer report trying to summarise more than 100 papers written in the field over the last decades. Many regions have nowadays such high penetrations of wind energy (the host region Western Denmark has in the order of 25%) that without good short-term prediction tools, an economic and secure integration of wind power with maximal ecological benefits of the wind power could not be realised. A historical perspective will lead to an account of the current crop of models, including to a high degree the experiences made in Denmark with operative use of the tools since 1994. Three horizons are interesting for utilities: a short horizon determined by the ramping and start-up times of conventional power plants for the scheduling (4-8 hours ahead), a longer horizon dealing with the trading on the different electricity exchanges (in the case of NordPool, 13-37 hours ahead), and a long horizon where the models could be used for maintenance planning (all the way to weeks ahead). For the first case, one could get away with using a time-series analysis model coupled to climatology, but for even medium horizons, the accuracy of the model is getting much better by using numerical weather prediction, typically from the local meteorological institute. The most prominent source of error is the numerical weather prediction model used, and in that it is phase errors (timing errors) that have a decisive impact on the traditional error scores, and on the financial bottom line. Current work is trying to estimate the uncertainty of the forecasts. The longer report has been prepared in the framework of work for the EU Commission, especially a Marie-Curie-Fellowship and the ANEMOS project.