Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Survey of Gravitationally-lensed Objects in HSC Imaging (SuGOHI)

Context.Strong lenses are extremely useful probes of the distribution of matter on galaxy and cluster scales at cosmological distances, however, they are rare and difficult to find. The number of currently known lenses is on the order of 1000.Aims. The aim of this study is to use crowdsourcing to carry out a lens search targeting massive galaxies selected from over 442 square degrees of photometric data from the Hyper Suprime-Cam (HSC) survey.Methods. Based on the S16A internal data release of the HSC survey, we chose a sample of ∼300 000 galaxies with photometric redshifts in the range of 0.2 < zphot < 1.2 and photometrically inferred stellar masses of logM* > 11.2. We crowdsourced lens finding on this sample of galaxies on the Zooniverse platform as part of the Space Warps project. The sample was complemented by a large set of simulated lenses and visually selected non-lenses for training purposes. Nearly 6000 citizen volunteers participated in the experiment. In parallel, we used YATTALENS, an automated lens-finding algorithm, to look for lenses in the same sample of galaxies.Results. Based on a statistical analysis of classification data from the volunteers, we selected a sample of the most promising ∼1500 candidates, which we then visually inspected: half of them turned out to be possible (grade C) lenses or better. By including lenses found by YATTALENSor serendipitously noticed in the discussion section of the Space Warps website, we were able to find 14 definite lenses (grade A), 129 probable lenses (grade B), and 581 possible lenses. YATTALENSfound half the number of lenses that were discovered via crowdsourcing.Conclusions. Crowdsourcing is able to produce samples of lens candidates with high completeness, when multiple images are clearly detected, and with higher purity compared to the currently available automated algorithms. A hybrid approach, in which the visual inspection of samples of lens candidates pre-selected by discovery algorithms or coupled to machine learning is crowdsourced, will be a viable option for lens finding in the 2020s, with forthcoming wide-area surveys such as LSST,Euclid, and WFIRST.
Lucky Exposures:: Diffraction Limited Astronomical Imaging through the Atmosphere

Through selection of short exposure images we achieve diffraction-limited I-band imaging from well-figured ground-based telescopes as large as 2.5 m diameter. The faint limiting magnitude and large isoplanatic patch size for the Lucky Exposures technique at the Nordic Optical Telescope means that 25% of the night sky is within range of a suitable reference star for I-band imaging. Typically the 1%--10% of exposures with the highest Strehl ratios are selected. When these exposures are shifted and added together, field stars in the resulting images have Strehl ratios as high as 0.26 and full width at half maximum flux (FWHM) as small as 90 milliarcseconds. Within the selected exposures the isoplanatic patch is found to be 60 arcseconds in diameter at 810 nm wavelength. Images within globular clusters and of multiple stars from the Nordic Optical Telescope using reference stars as faint as I~16 are presented. A new generation of CCDs (E2V L3Vision CCDs) were used in these observations, allowing extremely low noise high frame-rate imaging with both fine pixel sampling and a relatively wide field of view. The theoretical performance of these CCDs is compared with the experimental results obtained.
What Do Traffic Simulations Have to Provide for Virtual Road Safety Assessment? Human Error Modeling in Traffic Simulations

Will Advanced Driving Assistance Systems (ADAS) and Highly Automated Driving (HAD) perform in the expected manner? Will they actually make road traffic safer, or will they potentially introduce new critical situations or road accidents? It is almost impossible to address these questions solely through real-world tests. A promising tool to provide appropriate answers in a time- and cost-efficient way without exposing subjects to risk are virtual assessment methods. Reliable safety assessments are only possible, if the traffic simulations provide realistic traffic, including critical situations and road accidents. This paper provides a review of how human error contributes to critical situations and accidents in road traffic. The focus is on the causes and mechanisms of human error, which driver behavior models must address in order to simulate realistic traffic. For this purpose, Rasmussen’s error taxonomies are applied to the traffic context and extended with further research. The paper shows the causes of those human errors and that the underlying mechanisms thereof should be taken into account in order to obtain more transparent and realistic driver behavior models. It is shown, which concepts for modelling realistic traffic exist and how virtual safety assessment could benefit from this development. In addition, the driver behavior model DReaM (Driver Reaction Model) is presented to address the issues resulting from existing cognitive driver models.
Relationship between the Abundance of Native Honey Bee Species (Apis cerana) and Distance to Natural Forests in Hyuganatsu (Citrus tamurana) Orchards in Aya Town, Japan

: This study aimed to examine the relationship between the ecosystem services of pollination oﬀered by native honey bees ( Apis cerana ) and the distance to natural forests (as an indicator of landscape structure) in hyuganatsu ( Citrus tamurana ) orchards in Aya Town, Miyazaki Prefecture, Japan. Two statistical models were developed to predict the number of visits of native honey bees to hyuganatsu tree. The area-distaince model (AD-model) considered the area of natural forests and distance from natural forests and the area model (A-model) considered the total area of the surrounding natural forests, and the results of the two models were compared. The estimated parameters of both models suggested a positive eﬀect of natural forests on pollination services. Further, the estimated eﬀect of the landscape structure of the AD-model was greater than that of the A-model. These results suggested that the distance to natural forests is an important landscape factor for evaluating pollination services by native honey bees.
Nonthermal dark matter from modified early matter domination

Thermal freeze-out or freeze-in during a period of early matter domination can give rise to the correct dark matter abundance for $\langle \sigma_{\rm ann} v \rangle_{\rm f} < 3 \times 10^{-26}$ cm$^3$ s$^{-1}$. In the standard scenario, a single field that behaves like matter drives the early matter dominated era. However, in realistic models, this epoch may involve more than one field. In this paper, we study the effect of such a modification on the production of dark matter during early matter domination. We show that even a subdominant second field that decays much faster than the dominant one can considerably enhance the temperature of the universe during an early matter-dominated phase. This in turn affects dark matter production via freeze-out/in and opens up the allowed parameter space toward significantly larger dark matter masses. As a result, one can comfortably obtain the correct relic abundance for PeV-scale dark matter for reheating temperatures at or below 10 GeV.
The Clinical Diagnostic Utility of Array CGH in Children with Syndromic Microcephaly

Background: A prospective study using array CGH in children with Syndromic microcephaly from a tertiary pediatric healthcare centre in India. Aim: To identify the copy number variations causative of microcephaly detected through chromosomal array CGH. Patients and Methods: Of the 60 patients, 33 (55%) males and 27 (45%) females who consulted the Rare Disease Clinic at Department of Pediatrics, SMS Medical College, Jaipur, with developmental delay/facial dysmorphism/congenital anomalies in combination with microcephaly were included. Exclusion Criteria: Children with acquired or non-genetic causes of microcephaly, craniosynostosis, metabolic diseases, known chromosomal aneuploidy such as trisomy 21, 13, and 18 and abnormal karyotype were excluded. The cohort was analyzed by array CGH in order to identify potentially pathogenic copy number variants (CNVs). Results: Clinically relevant pathogenic or likely pathogenic copy number variations (CNVs) were identified in 20/60 (33.3%) patients, variant of uncertain significance (VOUS) in 4/60 (6.6%) cases and benign CNVs in 3/60 (5%) of total cases. Out of 20 cases with pathogenic CNVs, 12 (60%) patients detected with a deletion, five (25%) patients with duplication and three (15%) patients resulted with a complex chromosomal rearrangement. Twelve cases present CNVs containing genes known to be implicated in microcephaly etiology. Conclusion: This research highlights the contribution of submicroscopic chromosomal changes in the etiology of microcephaly in combination with developmental delay/facial dysmorphism/congenital anomalies (syndromic microcephaly). Our studies provide more insights into the benefits derived by using array CGH analysis in patients with syndromic microcephaly.
HST optical spectral index map of the jet of 3C 273

We present HST images at 622 nm and 300 nm of the jet in 3C273 and determine the run of the optical spectral index at 0.2" along the jet. The smoothness of spectral index changes shows that the physical conditions are varying smoothly across the jet. There is no correlation between the optical flux and spectral index, as would be expected for relativistic electrons suffering strong cooling due to synchrotron emission. We find no evidence for localized acceleration or loss sites. This suggests that the spectral shape is not changing much throughout the jet. We show that relativistic beaming and/or sub-equipartition magnetic fields cannot remove the discrepancy between light-travel time along the jet and the lifetime of electrons emitting optical synchrotron radiation. We consider this further evidence in favour of a distributed electron acceleration process.
Plant scent and plant–insect interactions—Review and outlook from a macroevolutionary perspective

The astonishing diversity of plants and insects and their entangled interactions are cornerstones in terrestrial ecosystems. Co‐occurring with species diversity is the diversity of plant secondary metabolites (PSMs). So far, their estimated number is more than 200 000 compounds, which are not directly involved in plant growth and development but play important roles in helping plants handle their environment including the mediation of plant–insect interactions. Here, we use plant volatile organic compounds (VOCs), a key olfactory communication channel that mediates plant–insect interactions, as a showcase of PSMs. In spite of the cumulative knowledge of the functional, ecological, and microevolutionary roles of VOCs, we still lack a macroevolutionary understanding of how they evolved with plant–insect interactions and contributed to species diversity throughout the long coevolutionary history of plants and insects. We first review the literature to summarize the current state‐of‐the‐art research on this topic. We then present various relevant types of phylogenetic methods suitable to answer macroevolutionary questions on plant VOCs and suggest future directions for employing phylogenetic approaches in studying plant VOCs and plant–insect interactions. Overall, we found that current studies in this field are still very limited in their macroevolutionary perspective. Nevertheless, with the fast‐growing development of metabolome analysis techniques and phylogenetic methods, it is becoming increasingly feasible to integrate the advances of these two areas. We highlight promising approaches to generate new testable hypotheses and gain a mechanistic understanding of the macroevolutionary roles of chemical communication in plant–insect interactions.
Effects of spatial fluctuations in the extragalactic background light on hard gamma-ray spectra

This study investigates the impact of the fluctuations in the extra galactic background light (EBL) on the attenuation of the hard $\gamma$-ray spectra of distant blazars. EBL fluctuations occur on the scales up to 100 Mpc and are caused by clustering of galaxies. The EBL photons interact with high energy $\gamma$-rays via the electron-positron pair production mechanism: $\gamma + \gamma' \rightarrow e^+ + e^-$. The attenuation of $\gamma$-rays depends on their energy and the density of the intervening EBL photon field. Using a simple model for the evolution of the mean EBL photon density, we implement an analytical description of the EBL fluctuations. We find that the amplitudes of the EBL energy density can vary by $\pm 1\%$ as a function of environment. The EBL fluctuations lead to mild alterations of the optical depth or equivalently the transmissivity for $\gamma$-rays from distant blazars. Our model predicts maximum changes of $\pm 10\%$ in the $\gamma$-ray transmissivity. However, this translates into marginal differences in the power law slopes of currently observed $\gamma$-ray spectra. The slopes of deabsorbed $\gamma$-ray spectra differ by not more than $\pm 1\%$ if EBL fluctuations are included.
Exact density functionals in one dimension

We propose a new and general method for deriving exact density functionals in one dimension for lattice gases with finite-range pairwise interactions. Corresponding continuum functionals are derived by applying a proper limiting procedure. The method is based on a generalized Markov property, which allows us to set up a rather transparent scheme that covers all previously known exact functionals for one-dimensional lattice gas or fluid systems. Implications for a systematic construction of approximate density functionals in higher dimensions are pointed out.
A Miniaturized Conduction-Cooled HTS Magnet for Space Magnetoelectric Thruster

Superconducting magnet is the key component used as the magnetic nozzle to improve the performance of the magnetoelectric thruster. Compared to the traditional copper or permanent magnet, it has high current density and uniform characteristics. Based on space application requirements of the magnetic nozzle for magnetoelectric thruster, a miniaturized high-temperature superconducting magnet structure is proposed in this article. The Stirling conduction-cooling method is used to replace the conventional GM cryocooler cooling method with a large compressor to realize the miniaturization of the magnet system. When the operating current is 1.5 times that of the maximum design current (40 A), the stability margin of the magnet is still more than 1000 mJ/cc. In addition, according to the calculation of ac loss, the magnet does not undergo quenching up until 254 Hz, which further demonstrates the safety and stability characteristics of the magnet. Finally, during a low-temperature (∼50 K) experiment, the magnet can maintain stable operation for more than 3 h while the temperature rise is less than 0.35 K, which confirms the feasibility of the miniaturized conduction-cooled scheme proposed in this article. This article lays a technical foundation for the future space application of high-power magnetoelectric propulsion systems.
The Megaparsec-scale Gas-sloshing Spiral in the Remnant Cool Core Cluster Abell 1763

We present a multiwavelength study of the massive galaxy cluster Abell 1763 at redshift z = 0.231. Image analysis of a 19.6 ks Chandra archival observation reveals a cluster-wide spiral of enhanced surface brightness in the intracluster medium (ICM). While such spirals are understood to form in clusters with sloshing strong cool cores (SCCs), the gas comprising the spiral’s apex is of intermediate entropy (∼110 keV cm2) and cooling time (∼6.8 Gyr), indicating core disruption is occurring throughout the spiral formation process. Two subclusters dominated by the second- and third-ranked galaxies in the system lie along a line parallel to the elongation axis of the primary cluster’s ICM. Both subsystems appear to have fallen in along a previously discovered intercluster filament and are each considered candidates as the perturber responsible for initiating disruptive core sloshing. Dynamical analysis indicates infall is occurring with a relative radial velocity of ∼1800 km s−1. The brightest cluster galaxy of Abell 1763 possesses a high line-of-sight peculiar velocity (vpec ∼ 650 km s−1) and hosts a powerful (P1.4 ∼ 1026 W Hz−1) bent double-lobed radio source, likely shaped by the relative bulk ICM flow induced in the merger. The cluster merger model of SCC destruction invokes low impact parameter infall as the condition required for core transformation. In contrast to this, the high angular momentum event occurring in Abell 1763 suggests that off-axis mergers play a greater role in establishing the non-cool core cluster population than previously assumed.
Understanding Farmers’ Adoption of Sustainable Agriculture Innovations: A Systematic Literature Review

Adoption of sustainable agriculture innovations is acknowledged to be an effective response to agro-ecological challenges, such as climate change, pests, drought, natural catastrophes, and food insecurity. However, its level of dissemination is still low across the world, particularly in the Global South. There is a need for a better understanding of the adoption determinants of these innovations in order to enhance them. This paper presents a systematic literature review focused on the use of sociopsychological determinants to understand the adoption of sustainable agriculture innovations, combining conventional bibliometric analysis with the method of vote-count. This method enabled an evaluation of the ability of the determinants considered by the models, as well as respective sociopsychological constructs, to explain the innovation adoption. Our results show a significant growth in the research employing theory and models built on sociopsychological factors to understand the decision-making processes undertaken by farmers in the context of the adoption of sustainable agriculture innovations. The development of statistical models and techniques, such as the structural equation model (SEM), has facilitated the inclusion of a growing set of sociopsychological variables. However, our review highlights that the selection of the sociopsychological constructs used by research to explain farmers’ adoption of sustainability innovations relies mainly on constructs defined for other decisional contexts, such as the adoption of innovations by firms in other sectors. Hence, the low ability evidenced by the models to explain farmers’ adoption behavior is due to a poor selection of constructs. The review highlights that this poor selection is a result of repetition of constructs, such as attitude, subjective norms, and little inclusion of other relevant constructs such as knowledge. The paper suggests the need for a better selection of the innovation determinants and measurement of respective constructs adjusted to the case of agriculture and the specificities of the diverse geographical farming contexts.
Measurement of the Spin-Orbit Alignment in the Exoplanetary System HD 189733

We present spectroscopy of a transit of the exoplanet HD 189733b. By modeling the Rossiter-McLaughlin effect (the anomalous Doppler shift due to the partial eclipse of the rotating stellar surface), we find the angle between the sky projections of the stellar spin axis and orbit normal to be λ = -1. °4 ± 1. °1. This is the third case of a "hot Jupiter" for which λ has been measured. In all three cases λ is small, ruling out random orientations with 99.96% confidence, and suggesting that the inward migration of hot Jupiters generally preserves spin-orbit alignment.
Gene Therapy Strategies Targeting Aging-Related Diseases

Rapid advancements have taken place in gene therapy technology. However, effective methods for treating aging- or age-related chronic diseases, which are often closely related to genes or even multiple genes, are still lacking. The path to developing cures is winding, while gene therapy that targets genes related to aging represents an exciting research direction with tremendous potential. Among aging-related genes, some candidates have been studied at different levels, from cell to organismal levels (e.g., mammalian models) with different methods, from overexpression to gene editing. The TERT and APOE have even entered the stage of clinical trials. Even those displaying only a preliminary association with diseases have potential applications. This article discusses the foundations and recent breakthroughs in the field of gene therapy, providing a summary of current mainstream strategies and gene therapy products with clinical and preclinical applications. Finally, we review representative target genes and their potential for treating aging or age-related diseases.
THE EFFECT OF ORGANIZATIONAL CULTURE AND PERSON-ORGANIZATION FIT ON ORGANIZATIONAL PERFORMANCE MEDIATED BY EMPLOYEE COMMITMENT AND JOB SATISFACTION IN GENERATION Y AT PT PLN (PERSERO) ACEH REGIONAL MAIN UNIT

This research aims to examine the Organizational Culture and Person-Organization Fit (PO Fit) influence on Organizational Performance Mediated by Employee Commitment and Job Satisfaction among “Generation Y” at PT PLN (Persero) Aceh Regional Main Unit (PLN Aceh). This research uses a population of 701 PLN Aceh employees whose age is in generation Y. Due to the relatively large population, the sampling uses the Slovin formula and produces 255 employees. Sampling using cluster random sampling technique. Data were collected by questionnaires which were measured by Likert. The data was tested through SEM-AMOS. The results prove that culture and PO Fit affect commitment and satisfaction; Culture, PO Fit, commitment, and satisfaction affect performance; and Commitment and satisfaction both partially mediate the influence of culture and PO Fit on performance. This explains that the performance improvement function is a function to create a positive culture in the organization, improve PO Fit, strengthen commitment, and increase job satisfaction.
Quantum critical effects in mean-field glassy systems

We consider the effects of quantum fluctuations in mean-field quantum spin-glass models with pairwise interactions. We examine the nature of the quantum glass transition at zero temperature in a transverse field. In models (such as the random orthogonal model) where the classical phase transition is discontinuous an analysis using the static approximation reveals that the transition becomes continuous at zero temperature.
Almost periodic oscillation of octonion-valued neural networks with delays on time scales

ABSTRACT In this paper, we propose an octonion-valued neural network model governed by dynamic equations, and study the existence and stability of its almost periodic solutions by employing the fixed point method and the time scale calculus theory. The method we use is the direct one, that is, we do not split the considered systems into real-valued ones, but directly study octonion-valued systems. Even when the time scale , in other words, even if we consider continuous time real-valued systems, our results are novel. Finally, we illustrate the effectiveness of our results through a numerical example and computer simulation.