Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Lexical Attraction Models of Language

Abstract ID: A229This paper presents lexical attraction models of lan-guage, in which the only explicitly represented linguis-tic knowledge is the likelihood of pairwise relations be-tween words. This is in contrast with models that rep-resent linguistic knowledge in terms of a lexicon, whichassigns categories to each word, and a grammar, whichexpresses possible combinations in terms of these cat-egories. The word-based nature and the simplicity oflexical attraction models make them good candidatesfor experiments in language learning. I introduce anunsupervised learning algorithm that uses lexical at-traction and gives accuracy results comparable to su-pervised learning. Content Areas: Natural Language Processing #Techniques or Algorithms # statistical or corpus basedmethods, Machine Learning and Discovery # Tasks orProblems # unsupervised learning Introduction The information in a sentence is contained partly inits words and partly in the relationships between thewords. The main task of natural language processing isto identify the relationships between the words. Whendeciding whether two words are related we typically usetwo types of information. First, there are grammaticalconstraints, e.g. each determiner must modify a nounor transitive verbs must take objects. However, gram-matical constraints are typically not restrictive enoughto uniquely identify the correct relations. Second, thereare selectional restrictions, e.g. given the verb eat, cakewouldbe a morelikely objectthan train. Lexicalattrac-tion models encode selectional restrictions. Ordinarily,one would need both types of information to identifythe correct structure of a sentence. I will show how farwe can go using lexical attraction alone.The next section presents examples that demonstratewhen grammatical constraints are not suﬃcient andlexical attraction is. The third section formalizes themodel and expresses the meaning of my opening sen-tence in the language of information theory. The nextsection gives some basic results on dependency struc-tures. The section on unsupervised learning gives thelearning algorithm and evaluation results. The pa-per ends with a discussion of related work and futureprospects.
High Transparency and Thermal Stability of Alicyclic Polyimide with Crosslinking Structure by Triallylamine

Colorless alicyclic polyimides (ALPIs) were synthesized from an alicyclic dianhydride, bicyclo[2.2. 2]oct-7-ene-2,3,5,6-tetracarboxylic dianhydride (BCDA) and an aromatic diamine, 3,4'-oxydianiline (3,4'-ODA). For comparison, a series of crosslinkable ALPI membranes with different content of crosslinkable reagents were prepared. The crosslinkable PI reacts with the crosslinkers and forms covalent bond to create the crosslink structure between PI backbones by free radical reaction. Almost of the crosslinkable PIs exhibit excellent dimensional stability and higher transparency because of the crosslink structure and non-conjugate alicyclic chain. All of the crosslink ALPIs could be coated into flexible and tough films. They had a UV-Vis cut-off at 297 nm and a transmittance of higher than 80% in near ultraviolet region. These PIs show low coefficient of thermal expansion ranging from 57.36 to 47.53 ppm/°C, the glass transition temperature in the range of 336.2-333.0 °C, the decomposition temperature in the range of 433.7-440.0 °C. The crosslinkable ALPIs show excellent optical properties with the excited wavelength ranging from 340 to 328 nm and stronger emission intensity than linear PI, the haze lower than 0.7, the refractive index about 1.6 and the abbe numbers over 165.
The evolution of the seismic‐aseismic transition during the earthquake cycle: Constraints from the time‐dependent depth distribution of aftershocks

Using the example of the 1992 M 7.3 Landers earthquake, we show that in the aftermath of a large earthquake the depth extent of aftershocks shows an immediate deepening from pre‐earthquake levels, followed by a time‐dependent postseismic shallowing. We use these seismic data to constrain the change in the depth of the seismic‐aseismic transition with time throughout the earthquake cycle. Most studies of the seismic‐aseismic transition have focussed on the effects of temperature and/or lithology on the transition either from brittle faulting to viscous flow or from unstable to stable sliding. A strain‐rate dependent transient deepening of the brittle‐ductile transition following a major earthquake is predicted by geological and laboratory observations. By analyzing the time‐dependent depth distributions of aftershocks, we identify and quantify the temporal evolution of this transition. In the example of the Landers earthquake, its depth changes by as much as 3 km over the course of 4 years.
INVESTIGATION OF RAPID MANUFACTURING TECHNOLOGY EFFECT ON AERODYNAMICS PROPERTIES

Original scientific paper Nowadays, rapid manufacturing methods are widely used in order to produce wind tunnel test models. Dimension accuracy, surface roughness and material strength are important parameters affecting aerodynamic properties of the models. In this research, applications and capabilities of two rapid manufacturing methods used in design and development of wind tunnel test models, built to measure aerodynamic coefficients have been investigated. In this experience, the AGARD-B model and the nose-body-tail vehicle configuration have been chosen. The first model was fabricated from metal and ABS-M30 material by machining and fused deposition modelling. The other model, AGARD-B, was fabricated by the three dimensional printing process. To improve strength and stiffness of the models and maintain balance, metal inserts have been used. Models are built to the least thickness in order to achieve acceptable dimensional accuracy and surface roughness. Aerodynamic coefficients of hybrid models including drag force, lift force and pitching moment under different angles of attack and specified speed have been measured and compared with standard models. Results imply that hybrid models developed by rapid manufacturing methods can be used for measurement of aerodynamic coefficients and calibration of wind tunnels; hence save production cost and time. Minor deviation of aerodynamic coefficients observed in hybrid models compared to metal models, can be pertained to the bending of the hybrid models under large angles of attack.
Three-Year Improvements in Weight Status and Weight-Related Behaviors in Middle School Students: The Healthy Choices Study

Introduction Few dissemination evaluations exist to document the effectiveness of evidence-based childhood obesity interventions outside the research setting. Objective Evaluate Healthy Choices (HC), a multi-component obesity prevention program, by examining school-level changes in weight-related behaviors and weight status and the association of implementation components with odds of overweight/obesity. Methods We compared baseline and Year 3 school-level behavioral and weight status outcomes with paired t-tests adjusted for schools’ socio-demographic characteristics. We used generalized estimating equations to examine the odds of overweight/obesity associated with program components. Setting/Participants Consecutive sample of 45 of 51 middle schools participating in the HC program with complete baseline and follow-up survey data including a subsample of 35 schools with measured anthropomentry for 5,665 7th grade students. Intervention Schools developed a multi-disciplinary team and implemented an obesity prevention curriculum, before and after school activities, environmental and policy changes and health promotions targeting a 5-2-1 theme: eat ≥ 5 servings/day of fruits and vegetables (FV), watch ≤ 2 hours of television (TV) and participate in ≥ 1 hours/day of physical activity (PA) on most days Main Outcome Measures 1) School-level percent of students achieving targeted behaviors and percent overweight/obese; and 2) individual odds of overweight/obesity. Results The percent achieving behavioral goals over three years increased significantly for FV: 16.4 to 19.4 (p = 0.001), TV: 53.4 to 58.2 (p = 0.003) and PA: 37.1 to 39.9 (p = 0.02), adjusting for school size, baseline mean age and percent female, non-Hispanic White, and eligible for free and reduced price lunch. In 35 schools with anthropometry, the percent of overweight/obese 7th grade students decreased from 42.1 to 38.4 (p = 0.016). Having a team that met the HC definition was associated with lower odds of overweight/obesity (OR = 0.83, CI: 0.71–0.98). Conclusions and Relevance The HC multi-component intervention demonstrated three-year improvements in weight-related behaviors and weight status across diverse middle schools. Team building appears important to the program’s effectiveness.
Quasi-linear types

Linear types (types of values that can be used just once) have been drawing a great deal of attention because they are useful for memory management, in-place update of data structures, etc.: an obvious advantage is that a value of a linear type can be immediately deallocated after being used. However, the linear types have not been applied so widely in practice, probably because linear values (values of linear types) in the traditional sense do not so often appear in actual programs. In order to increase the applicability of linear types, we relax the condition of linearity by extending the types with information on an evaluation order and simple dataflow information. The extended type system, called a quasi-linear type system, is formalized and its correctness is proved. We have implemented a prototype type inference system for the core-ML that can automatically find out which value is linear in the relaxed sense. Promising results were obtained from preliminary experiments with the prototype system.
Incidence of P . traversi in Tradescantia-affected forest remnants 2

This study was initiated owing to concern that removal of the invasive ground cover, Tradescantia fluminensis, might adversely effect the rare, giant predatory land snail, Powelliphanta traversi. Of 18 sites surveyed in the Horowhenua District, seven sites provide habitat for P. traversi and do not contain Tradescantia. Five colonies of P. traversi are affected by Tradescantia, these are: Waiopehu Scenic Reserve, Prouse’s Bush, Kimberley Scenic Reserve, Ohau River Bush, and Hillas Covenant. Tradescantia infestation at these sites varies from heavy (Prouse’s Bush) to forest edge only (Hillas Covenant). Overall, Tradescantia affects a small proportion of snail habitat in the Horowhenua District. Our study of P. traversi at Prouse’s Bush, using harmonic radar to follow long-term movements and cotton tracks for short-term movements, indicates that this snail commonly occurs under Tradescantia, sometimes exclusively, and that many of the snails move regularly between leaf litter and this weed. Moreover, Tradescantia provides an important refuge for juvenile snails at Prouse’s Bush. Hence, removing Tradescantia from this site would have a detrimental impact on P. traversi. Graduated control of Tradescantia and concomitant replacement with native ground cover could be of mutual benefit to P. traversi and other ground-dwelling invertebrates.
The waveform description language: moving from implementation to specification

Many current research and development activities make significant contributions to the quality of some particular implementation approach. We describe the waveform description language, in which the best characteristics of a variety of distinct programming approaches are exploited so that standard implementation domain practices can be applied in the specification domain. A single WDL specification may be refined to support semi-automated conversion to a variety of implementations. A WDL specification avoids the ambiguities and contradictions characteristic of many conventional specifications with an underlying formality that remains accessible and familiar to programmers.
Crystallographic Analysis and Molecular Modeling Studies of HIV-1 Protease and Drug Resistant Mutants

HIV-1 protease (PR) is an effective target protein for drugs in anti-retroviral therapy (ART). Using PR inhibitors (PIs) in clinical therapy successfully reduces mortality of HIV infected patients. However, drug resistant variants are selected in AIDS patients because of the fast evolution of the viral genome. Structural, kinetic and MD simulations of PR variants with or without substrate or PIs were used to better understand the molecular basis of drug resistance. Information obtained from these extensive studies will benefit the design of more effective inhibitor in ART. Amprenavir (APV) inhibition of PRWT, and single mutants of PRV32I, PRI50V, PRI54M, PRI54V, PRI84V and PRL90M were studied and X-ray crystal structures of PR variants complexes with APV were solved at resolutions of 1.02-1.85 Å to identify structural alterations. Crystal structures of PRWT, PRV32I and PRI47V were solved at resolutions of 1.20-1.40 Å. Reaction intermediates were captured in the substrate binding cavity, which represent three consecutive steps in the catalytic reaction of HIV PR. HIV-1 PR20 variant is a multi-drug resistant variant from a clinical isolate and it is of utility to investigate the mechanisms of resistance. The crystal structures of PR20 with inactivating mutation D25N have been determined at 1.451. 75 Å resolution, and three distinct flap conformations, open, twisted and tucked, were observed. These studies help understand molecular basis of drug resistance and provide clues for design of inhibitors to combat multi-drug resistant PR. The evaluation of electrostatic force in MD simulations is the computationally intensive work, which is of order (N) with integration of all atom pairs. AMMP invokes Amortized FMM in summation of electrostatic force, which reduced work load to (N). A hybrid, CPU and GPU, parallel implementation of Amortized FMM was developed and improves the elapsed time of MD simulation 20 fold faster than CPU based parallelization. INDEX WORDS: HIV-1 protease, drug resistance, amprenavir, crystal structure, kinetics, parallel computing, CUDA, OpenMP. CRYSTALLOGRAPHIC ANALYSIS AND MOLECULAR MODELING STUDIES OF HIV-1 PROTEASE AND DRUG RESISTANT MUTANTS
AUV mission control via temporal planning

Underwater installations require regular inspection and maintenance. We are exploring the idea of performing these tasks using an autonomous underwater vehicle, achieving persistent autonomous behaviour in order to avoid the need for frequent human intervention. In this paper we consider one aspect of this problem, which is the construction of a suitable plan for a single inspection tour. In particular we generate a temporal plan that optimises the time taken to complete the inspection mission. We report on physical trials with the system at the Diver and ROV driver Training Center in Fort William, Scotland, discussing some of the lessons learned.
A Prospective Study of Leukocyte Telomere Length and Risk of Type 2 Diabetes in Postmenopausal Women

Telomere length (TL) has been implicated in the pathogenesis of age-related disorders. However, there are no prospective studies directly investigating the role of TL and relevant genes in diabetes development. In the multiethnic Women’s Health Initiative, we identified 1,675 incident diabetes case participants in 6 years of follow-up and 2,382 control participants matched by age, ethnicity, clinical center, time of blood draw, and follow-up duration. Leukocyte TL at baseline was measured using quantitative PCR, and Mendelian randomization analysis was conducted to test whether TL is causally associated with diabetes risk. After adjustment for matching and known diabetes risk factors, odds ratios per 1-kilobase increment were 1.00 (95% CI 0.90–1.11) in whites, 0.95 (0.85–1.06) in blacks, 0.96 (0.79–1.17) in Hispanics, and 0.88 (0.70–1.10) in Asians. Of the 80 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in nine genes involved in telomere regulation, 14 SNPs were predictive of TL, but none were significantly associated with diabetes risk. Using ethnicity-specific SNPs as randomization instruments, we observed no statistically significant association between TL and diabetes risk (P = 0.52). Although leukocyte TL was weakly associated with diabetes risk, this association was not independent of known risk factors. These prospective findings indicate limited clinical utility of TL in diabetes risk stratification among postmenopausal women.
Romantic Relationship Length and its Perceived Quality: Mediating Role of Facebook-Related Conflict

The purpose of this study was to investigate how Facebook use is leading to negative relationship outcomes such as cheating and breakup by assessing users’ perceived relationship qualities. It was hypothesized that Facebook-related conflict will be negatively related with users’ relationship length and will also be negatively related with their perceived relationship satisfaction, commitment, and love. Facebook-related conflict further mediates the relationship between relationship length and perceived relationship satisfaction, commitment, and love. Self-report data were gathered from participants (N = 101) in an online survey by employing standard questionnaires. A set of regression and mediation analyses confirmed all the hypotheses of the study. That is, Facebook-related conflict mediates the relationship between relationship length and perceived relationship satisfaction, commitment, and love. Moreover, the magnitude of mediation was highest for relationship satisfaction. Implications for future research and contributions are discussed.
Long-Term Probability Prediction on the Extreme Sea States Induced by Typhoon of the South China Sea

The sea state of the South China Sea is influenced by tropical cyclone obviously. It is important to carry out the long-term prediction and probability analysis of typhoon wind, wave height and wave period for the coastal and offshore engineering. In this paper the measured wind and wave data during typhoon processes from 1964-1989 are used to predict the long-term extreme sea states by using Grey Markov Chain Model. And the joint probability analysis of extreme wave height with concomitant wave period and wind speed is performed by using Multivariate Compound Extreme Distribution model which involves typhoon occurrence frequency and corresponding joint probability distribution of typhoon induced extreme sea environmental events. The proposed model shows that the mean value of typhoon occurring frequency per year plays the significant role in long term prediction of typhoon induced joint return values of extreme sea events.
Flying between obstacles with an autonomous knife-edge maneuver

Avian flight far exceeds our best aircraft control systems. We have conducted a series of experiments at the Concord Field Station demonstrating the extraordinary maneuverability of the common pigeon, showing it darting through tight spaces and recovering from large disturbances with ease. Our goal is to understand how to make small fixed-wing aircraft achieve similar feats in equally challenging environments.
Latency-driven design of multi-purpose systems-on-chip

Deep submicron technology has two major ramifications on the design process: (i) critical paths are being dominated by global interconnect rather than gate delays and (ii) ultra high levels of integration mandate designs that encompass numerous intra-synchronous blocks with decreased functional granularity and increased communication demands. These factors emphasize the importance of the on-chip bus network as the crucial high-performance enabler for future systems-on-chip. By using independent functional blocks with programmable connectivity, designers are able to build systems-on-chip capable of supporting different applications with exceptional levels of resource sharing. To address challenges in this design paradigm, we have developed a methodology that enables efficient bus network design with approximate timing verification and floorplanning of multi-purpose systems-on-chip in early design stages. The design platform iterates system synthesis and floorplanning to build min-area floorplans that satisfy statistical time constraints of applications. We demonstrate the effectiveness of our bus network design approach using examples from a multimedia benchmark suite.
Algorithms for Learning Decomposable Models and Chordal Graphs

Decomposable dependency models and their graphical counterparts, i.e., chordal graphs, possess a number of interesting and useful properties. On the basis of two characterizations of decomposable models in terms of independence relationships, we develop an exact algorithm for recovering the chordal graphical representation of any given decomposable model. We also propose an algorithm for learning chordal approximations of dependency models isomorphic to general undirected graphs.
A Computational Model for the Automatic Diagnosis of Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder Based on Functional Brain Volume

In this paper, we investigated the problem of computer-aided diagnosis of Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) using machine learning techniques. With the ADHD-200 dataset, we developed a Support Vector Machine (SVM) model to classify ADHD patients from typically developing controls (TDCs), using the regional brain volumes as predictors. Conventionally, the volume of a brain region was considered to be an anatomical feature and quantified using structural magnetic resonance images. One major contribution of the present study was that we had initially proposed to measure the regional brain volumes using fMRI images. Brain volumes measured from fMRI images were denoted as functional volumes, which quantified the volumes of brain regions that were actually functioning during fMRI imaging. We compared the predictive power of functional volumes with that of regional brain volumes measured from anatomical images, which were denoted as anatomical volumes. The former demonstrated higher discriminative power than the latter for the classification of ADHD patients vs. TDCs. Combined with our two-step feature selection approach which integrated prior knowledge with the recursive feature elimination (RFE) algorithm, our SVM classification model combining functional volumes and demographic characteristics achieved a balanced accuracy of 67.7%, which was 16.1% higher than that of a relevant model published previously in the work of Sato et al. Furthermore, our classifier highlighted 10 brain regions that were most discriminative in distinguishing between ADHD patients and TDCs. These 10 regions were mainly located in occipital lobe, cerebellum posterior lobe, parietal lobe, frontal lobe, and temporal lobe. Our present study using functional images will likely provide new perspectives about the brain regions affected by ADHD.