Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Psychosocial Consequences of Intensive Internet Use among Undergraduates of Universities in Ilorin Metropolis

This study was carried out to investigate the psychosocial consequences of intensive internet use among undergraduate of universities in Ilorin metropolis, Kwara State. This study sought to determine the psychosocial consequences of intensive internet use on the basis on gender, age, level of study and marital status (University of Ilorin and AL-HIKMAH University) universities within Ilorin metropolis. A self-developed questionnaire tagged questionnaire on psychosocial consequences of intensive internet use (PCIIU) was used to collect data from the respondents for the study. Five research hypotheses were formulated and tested at 0.05 alpha level of significance, data collected were analyzed through analysis of variance (ANOVA). The study revealed that psychosocial consequences of intensive internet use are establishing using new relationship with fellow online users; incur more financial cost on internet; spending more time online than going out with others and there was significant gender difference in the psychosocial consequences of intensive internet use among undergraduate students of universities in Ilorin metropolis base on age, level, gender and marital status. Therefore, the following recommendations were made that counsellors should develop strategies to handle internet addiction among the youth and counsellor should encourage the formation of club that will promote safe and responsible internet use among students (peer counselling) and school administrators, teachers and school counsellors should work collaboratively to identify and assist students with or prone to internet addiction before it will have devastating consequences on the addicts and the society at large.
On the Value of Page-Level Interactions in Web Search

Users’ search data has been useful for understanding search behavior and has been applied to improve web search. Query logs, the primary source of search data in recent information retrieval research, are limited in expressing the user’s behaviors; they omit behaviors that do not hit the web server: cursor movements, scrolling, browser tab usage, text highlighting, and duration of a pageview. These actions we call ‘page-level interactions’; they can be collected by search systems using client-side scripting, but this is currently not being done by web search engines. Previous studies in related fields have shown that adding additional independent data provides greater improvements than smarter algorithms. Since page-level interaction data is independent from query and click data, collecting and mining pagelevel interactions may be one direction that search engines can pursue to innovate. These interactions can supplement query logs by helping understanding user intent, disentangling interleaved queries, or providing richer user data for rare queries; they can be particularly useful especially when clicks for queries are unavailable or insufficient.
A critical appraisal of neuroimaging studies of bipolar disorder: toward a new conceptualization of underlying neural circuitry and a road map for future research.

OBJECTIVE In this critical review, the authors appraise neuroimaging findings in bipolar disorder in emotion-processing, emotion-regulation, and reward-processing neural circuitry in order to synthesize the current knowledge of the neural underpinnings of bipolar disorder and provide a neuroimaging research road map for future studies. METHOD The authors examined findings from all major studies in bipolar disorder that used functional MRI, volumetric analysis, diffusion imaging, and resting-state techniques, integrating findings to provide a better understanding of larger-scale neural circuitry abnormalities in bipolar disorder. RESULTS Bipolar disorder can be conceptualized, in neural circuitry terms, as parallel dysfunction in prefrontal cortical (especially ventrolateral prefrontal cortical)-hippocampal-amygdala emotion-processing and emotion-regulation circuits bilaterally, together with an "overactive" left-sided ventral striatal-ventrolateral and orbitofrontal cortical reward-processing circuitry, resulting in characteristic behavioral abnormalities associated with bipolar disorder: emotional lability, emotional dysregulation, and heightened reward sensitivity. A potential structural basis for these functional abnormalities is gray matter volume decreases in the prefrontal and temporal cortices, the amygdala, and the hippocampus and fractional anisotropy decreases in white matter tracts connecting prefrontal and subcortical regions. CONCLUSIONS Neuroimaging studies of bipolar disorder clearly demonstrate abnormalities in neural circuits supporting emotion processing, emotion regulation, and reward processing, although there are several limitations to these studies. Future neuroimaging research in bipolar disorder should include studies adopting dimensional approaches; larger studies examining neurodevelopmental trajectories in youths with bipolar disorder or at risk for bipolar disorder; multimodal neuroimaging studies using integrated systems approaches; and studies using pattern recognition approaches to provide clinically useful individual-level data. Such studies will help identify clinically relevant biomarkers to guide diagnosis and treatment decision making for individuals with bipolar disorder.
The Effect of Language Learning Experience on the Appropriate Use of Speech Act ‘Request’

Nowadays emphasizing linguistic competence is not a sufficient path to reach a target-like communicative competence. Pragmatic competence should be put emphasis on as well. The importance of learning speech acts which is one aspect in the pragmatics is clear to those who want to learn a second or foreign language. This study after investigating the interest of language learners in the acquisition of appropriate use of second language speech acts, traces the variation over time in the use of speech act of request in Iranian EFL University students and for further clarification a group of non-language University students. The results showed no effect of time on the appropriate use of speech act “request”.
Illumination-Guided Stereo Correspondence

This work implements a method to improve correspondence matching in stereo vision by using varying illumination intensities from an external light source. By iteratively increasing the light intensity on the scene, different parts of the scene become saturated in the left and right images. These saturated areas are assumed to correspond to each other, greatly reducing the search space for stereo correspondence and increasing robustness to erroneous matches. The stereo camera and light source used in this work is the DUO3D camera by Code Laboratories. Visually, experimental results show the resultant point clouds from the proposed method is less noisy with fewer outliers compared to standard block matching method, but produces fewer matches.
Bone: Another potential target to treat, prevent and predict diabetes

Type 2 diabetes mellitus is now a worldwide health problem with increasing prevalence. Mounting efforts have been made to treat, prevent and predict this chronic disease. In recent years, increasing evidence from mice and clinical studies suggests that bone‐derived molecules modulate glucose metabolism. This review aims to summarize our current understanding of the interplay between bone and glucose metabolism and to highlight potential new means of therapeutic intervention. The first molecule recognized as a link between bone and glucose metabolism is osteocalcin (OCN), which functions in its active form, that is, undercarboxylated OCN (ucOC). ucOC acts in promoting insulin expression and secretion, facilitating insulin sensitivity, and favouring glucose and fatty acid uptake and utilization. A second bone‐derived molecule, lipocalin2, functions in suppressing appetite in mice through its action on the hypothalamus. Osteocytes, the most abundant cells in bone matrix, are suggested to act on the browning of white adipose tissue and energy expenditure through secretion of bone morphogenetic protein 7 and sclerostin. The involvement of bone resorption in glucose homeostasis has also been examined. However, there is evidence indicating the implication of the receptor activator of nuclear factor κ‐B ligand, neuropeptide Y, and other known and unidentified bone‐derived factors that function in glucose homeostasis. We summarize recent advances and the rationale for treating, preventing and predicting diabetes by skeleton intervention.
Accuracy of Bedside Ultrasound for the Diagnosis of Skull Fractures in Children Aged 0 to 4 Years.

OBJECTIVES The aim of this study was to investigate the accuracy of bedside ultrasound (US) performed by emergency physicians for diagnosing skull fractures in children 0 to 4 years old compared with the accuracy of head computed tomography (CT). We also sought to investigate characteristics and precautions associated with US. METHODS This single-center prospective study involved children 0 to 4 years old who had a history of head trauma. Bedside US was performed by emergency medicine physicians, and the results were compared with CT scan interpretations provided by attending radiologists. The accuracy of US for the diagnosis of skull fractures was calculated, and the errors were reviewed. RESULTS A total of 87 patients were enrolled. Skull fracture was present in 13 patients (14.9%), according to CT. Bedside US had a sensitivity and specificity of 76.9% (95% confidence interval [CI], 46.0%-93.8%) and 100% (95% CI, 93.9%-100%), respectively. Overall positive predictive value was 100% (95% CI, 65.5%-100%), and negative predictive value was 96.1% (95% CI, 88.3%-99.0%). Three false-negative cases were observed. CONCLUSIONS Bedside US performed by emergency medicine physicians with short focused US training is a useful tool for diagnosing skull fractures in children 0 to 4 years of age. However, there were 3 false-negative cases. A meticulous examination is needed in the area adjacent to the orbital wall and skull base.
Immunological risk in recipients of kidney transplants from extended criteria donors.

BACKGROUND Determining if a kidney from a marginal donor is likely to elicit a strong and specific immune response, leading to an increased risk of acute rejection, is of importance in renal transplantation. METHODS In this study, we analysed the effect of extended criteria donor (ECD) on the incidence of biopsy-proven acute rejection (BPAR) and the effect of immunological risk factors on graft outcome in a large cohort of kidney transplant recipients (n = 2121 patients) grafted with ECD (n = 656 patients) or optimal donor (OD) (n = 1465 patients). RESULTS The incidence of BPAR was not statistically different between the ECD group recipients (105/656, 16%) and the OD group recipients (251/1465, 17%) (P = 0.52). These values remained similar after adjustment for immunological risk [defined as retransplantation and/or panel-reactive antibody (PRA) level >20%] (P = 0.92 for patients with immunological risk and P = 0.47 for patients without immunological risk). We next analysed the death-censored graft survival data for OD and ECD groups, as a function of immunological status, and found that the immunological risk factor did not affect graft survival in ECD transplant recipients (P = 0.64). CONCLUSION Although our groups were not homogenous, our study did not reveal an increased risk of acute rejection in recipients of ECD allograft.
Eldre døvblindes erfaringer med god omsorg

Research problem Elderly persons with acquired deafblindness are few and far between in Norwegian society. The lack of knowledge about how the world is experienced by deafblind persons makes it difficult for caregivers to adapt to these persons' needs. The need for more research into the experiences of deafblind elderly, in order to be able to provide them with high quality care, has been recognized. Hence, this thesis asks the question How do elderly persons with acquired deafblindness experience good care? Method A qualitative study was performed, using a phenomenological-hermeneutic approach. Unstructured interviews with three informants were conducted. Audio recordings of the informants' interpreters were transcribed and analyzed using systematic text condensation. Theoretical basis Earlier research on elderly persons with acquired deafblindness forms the theoretical basis for this thesis. Kari Martinsen's phenomenological approach to caregiving is used as a theoretical framework to shed light on the term itself. Communication, being a central element of the study, is represented through Von Thun's four-sides model. Discussion Analysis led to the identification of five main categories, discussed in light of the theoretical framework. Questions are raised about how aid in experiencing nature, creativity, contact with others, education and activities may contribute to an experience of good care. The discussion is both existentialist-philosophical and practical in its approach. Conclusion Enabling communication and providing information seem to be prerequisites to good caregiving. Elderly deafblind persons may experience good care through facilitation of communication and sensing the empathy of caregivers. Being treated as an ordinary human being proves to be the basis.
Combined Neuro-Cardiogenic Epilepsy Syndromes and Novel Mechanistic Insights

A large portion of patients with epilepsy without other obvious organ disease die unexpectedly. Epidemiological studies have estimated the rate of unexpected death in patients with epilepsy up to 24 times higher as compared to the general population (Ficker et al., 1998). However, in contrast to a significantly increased risk of sudden death in epilepsy patients, the underlying causes and pathophysiological mechanisms leading to sudden death are not well understood. This important problem is clinically identified as sudden unexplained death in epilepsy (SUDEP). Of note, SUDEP does not include death after prolonged seizures (e.g. status epilepticus) or due to other organ disease which excludes common cardio-pulmonary pathology. SUDEP occurs frequently in patients with idiopathic epilepsy with an estimated prevalence of 2% to 18% (Nashef et al., 2007; Tomson et al., 2008). It has been hypothesized that SUDEP and certain types of seizures may initiate a pathological signal to the heart, which subsequently triggers cardiac dysrhythmias and sudden death in epilepsy (Jehi & Najm, 2008; Surges et al., 2009). Alternatively, dysfunction of fast ion transport mechanisms, which directly control membrane excitability within the context of either the brain or the heart, may directly cause both neuronal or cardiac dysrhythmias. Importantly, if certain genetic defects in ion channel genes coexisted in the brain and heart, this may constitute a candidate mechanism of SUDEP and potentially precipitate life-threatening cardiac dysrhythmias (Nashef et al., 2007). Indeed, recent work has identified ion channelopathies in the context of generalized epilepsy that coexist in the brain and the heart. For the first time, defined molecular mechanisms of coexisting brain and heart dysrhythmias have been shown in genetically engineered rodent models with patient mutations which reproduce both neuronal and cardiac patient phenotypes. This article focuses on previous perspectives and recent insights about molecular epilepsy mechanisms, which underlie both dangerous dysrhythmias in the brain and heart. In addition, novel targeted treatment rationales based on molecular and cellular mechanisms of dysrhythmias are discussed.
An input widget framework for multi-modal and multi-device environments

In future ubiquitous computing environments, our daily lives will be influenced by a lot of computer-supported services all over the place. To interact with those services intuitively, heterogeneous interaction techniques such as gesture recognition, auditory recognition and tangible user interfaces will appear. Besides, several kinds of services will support multiple input devices, not just one set of them. In such multi-modal environments, application programmers must take into account how to adapt heterogeneous input events to multi-modal services. We propose an input widget framework that provides high-level abstraction for heterogeneous input devices, that we call meta-inputs, for distributed multi-modal applications. Our framework provides generic and standard interfaces between input devices and services. It enables developers to deploy input devices and services independently. Also, our framework supports context-aware runtime adaptation to switch input devices to handle services dynamically.
Questioning the use of virtual reality in the assessment of the physical impacts of real-task gestures and tasks

In the context of growing preoccupation about ergonomics and the minimizing of negative impacts of body movements performed during gestural interaction with a VR system, we implemented a gestural fatigue assessment system based on various standards and specifications. While our approach focused on VR, similar systems have been commercialized and propose to assess real-world gestural fatigue using a virtual reality environment. We wonder whether this is a valid approach, and use data collected by the system we have devised to appreciate fatigue due to a task completed both in a real-world environment as well as a VR environment. Participants were also asked to appreciate the fatigue they felt subjectively, thanks to questionnaires. We found that fatigue levels were higher in the virtual environment for almost all joints. Task duration was always higher in virtual reality environment. Furthermore, there seems to be no correlation between the automated objective results of fatigue assessment in the real-world and those obtained assessing the same tasks in a VR environment, thus questioning the validity of the transferability advocated by such systems. Correlation for subjective results is, however, high.
Automatic Domain Ontology Generation from Web sites

Ontology plays an important role in semantic Web technology since it can effectively represent the domain knowledge. We develop a novel framework for automatically generating the domain knowledge by analyzing different Web sites in a given domain. The idea of our approach is to consider two kinds of information from the Web sites. The first kind of information is the text fragments corresponding to the concepts in the ontology. The other kind of information is the header labels corresponding to the concepts. We design a method for generating the domain ontology by measuring the similarity between the concepts in different Web sites. We have conducted extensive experiments to demonstrate the effectiveness of our approach.
Relation of Income and Education Level with Cardiorespiratory Fitness

International Journal of Exercise Science 8(3): 265-276, 2015. While there is strong evidence measuring the association between leisure time physical activity (LTPA) and socioeconomic status (SES) there are limited data on the relationship between cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) and SES. The purpose of this cross-sectional study was to examine differences in CRF and LTPA between household income and individual education in young adults. A sample of 171 (males n=98, female n=73) young adults participated in the University of PittsburghPhysical Activity Study. Participants completed CRF testing. Demographic characteristics were assessed via interviewer administered standardized survey and LTPA was assessed using the interviewer administered Modifiable Activity Questionnaire. Participants were grouped by income and education level. Analysis of variance and general linear modeling was used to compare LTPA and CRF between groups. There were no differences in CRF between income levels (p=0.126) or education levels (p=0.990) for the total sample. There were no differences in LTPA between income levels (p=0.936) or education level (p=0.182) for the total sample. Results suggest that neither income nor education levels are indicators of CRF in this sample of young adults. Other environmental, sociological, or familial health mediators may have a strong effect on CRF in young adult males and females.
Modeling belowground water table fluctuations in the Everglades

Humid lands, such as riparian zones, peatlands, and unsubmerged wetlands, are considered among the most biologically diverse of all ecosystems, providing a bountiful habitat for a large number of plant and animal species. In such ecosystems, the water table dynamics play a key role in major ecohydrological processes. The aim of the present study is to test with field data a recent analytical model for the estimation of the long‐term probability distribution of the belowground water table position in groundwater‐dependent environments. This model accounts for stochastic rainfall and processes such as infiltration, root water uptake, water flow from/to an external water body, and capillary fluxes. The water table model is tested using field data of groundwater levels recorded in three different sites within the Everglades (Florida, USA). A sensitivity analysis of the model to the soil and vegetation parameters is also carried out. After performing a procedure to determinate appropriate model parameters for the three sites, the steady state probability distribution functions of water table levels predicted by the model are compared to the empirical ones at both the annual and the seasonal time scale. The model is shown capable to reproduce many features of the observed distributions although there exist model predictions which still show some discrepancies with respect to the empirical observations. The potential causes for these discrepancies are also investigated and discussed.
Meta-Analysis of Solution-Focused Brief Therapy for Treating Symptoms of Internalizing Disorders

We evaluated the effectiveness of solution-focused brief therapy (SFBT) for treating symptoms of internalizing disorders with youth and adults across 26 between-group studies representing the data of 2,968 participants. Separate meta-analytic procedures for studies implementing waitlist/no treatment (n = 1,342) or alternative treatments (n = 1,626) yielded modest effect sizes for SFBT when treating internalizing disorders. Limitations of our findings and implications for counselors are discussed.
Direct versus indirect sexual selection: genetic basis of colour, size and recruitment in a wild bird

Indirect and direct models of sexual selection make different predictions regarding the quantitative genetic relationships between sexual ornaments and fitness. Indirect models predict that ornaments should have a high heritability and that strong positive genetic covariance should exist between fitness and the ornament. Direct models, on the other hand, make no such assumptions about the level of genetic variance in fitness and the ornament, and are therefore likely to be more important when environmental sources of variation are large. Here we test these predictions in a wild population of the blue tit (Parus caeruleus), a species in which plumage coloration has been shown to be under sexual selection. Using 3 years of cross-fostering data from over 250 breeding attempts, we partition the covariance between parental coloration and aspects of nestling fitness into a genetic and environmental component. Contrary to indirect models of sexual selection, but in agreement with direct models, we show that variation in coloration is only weakly heritable , and that two components of offspring fitness—nestling size and fledgling recruitment—are strongly dependent on parental effects, rather than genetic effects. Furthermore, there was no evidence of significant positive genetic covariation between parental colour and offspring traits. Contrary to direct benefit models, however, we find little evidence that variation in colour reliably indicates the level of parental care provided by either males or females. Taken together, these results indicate that the assumptions of indirect models of sexual selection are not supported by the genetic basis of the traits reported on here.