Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Principal Components Analysis of the Hypomanic Attitudes and Positive Predictions Inventory and Associations with Measures of Personality, Cognitive Style and Analogue Symptoms in a Student Sample

Background: An integrative cognitive model proposed that ascribing extreme personal appraisals to changes in internal state is key to the development of the symptoms of bipolar disorder. The Hypomanic Attitudes and Positive Predictions Inventory (HAPPI) was developed to measure these appraisals. Aims: The aim of the current study was to validate an expanded 61-item version of the HAPPI. Method: In a largely female student sample (N = 134), principal components analysis (PCA) was performed on the HAPPI. Associations between the HAPPI and analogue bipolar symptoms after 3 months were examined. Results: PCA of the HAPPI revealed six categories of belief: Self Activation, Self-and-Other Critical, Catastrophic, Extreme Appraisals of Social Approval, Appraisals of Extreme Agitation, and Loss of Control. The HAPPI predicted all analogue measures of hypomanic symptoms after 3 months when controlling for baseline symptoms. In a more stringent test incorporating other psychological measures, the HAPPI was independently associated only with activation (e.g. thoughts racing) at 3 months. Dependent dysfunctional attitudes predicted greater conflict (e.g. irritability), depression and reduced well-being, hypomanic personality predicted self-reported diagnostic bipolar symptoms, and behavioural dysregulation predicted depression. Conclusions: Extreme beliefs about internal states show a modest independent association with prospective analogue bipolar symptoms, alongside other psychological factors. Further work will be required to improve the factor structure of the HAPPI and study its validity in clinical samples.
The new public service? Empirical research on job choice motivation in the nonprofit sector

– The purpose of this paper is to examine the factors influencing the decision of managers to work in the nonprofit sector and how these choices are shaped by intrinsic and extrinsic motivations. Additionally, this research examines the impact of job choice motivation on social, community and professional outcomes and the unique characteristics of managers in the nonprofit sector. , – This research employed data from the National Administrative Studies Project (NASP-III) survey, which measured the mid- and upper-level managers working in nonprofit organizations in Illinois and Georgia. The survey measured the manager’s perceptions of various organizational issues, including work motivation, mentoring and communication, career histories, hiring practices, and organizational cultures and structures. The data were then analyzed using a hierarchical regression model. , – The findings of this research support the idea that intrinsic motivation is an important aspect of job choice motivation for individuals in the nonprofit workforce. In addition, the findings suggest other characteristics, including policies that enhance work life balance (WLB), advancement, and job security, are important to understand the job choice motivations of nonprofit managers. This research also found not all types of nonprofit agencies attract similarly motivated individuals, or lead to equivalent community outcomes. , – The organizations represented in the NASP III sample included more membership and professional associations than the overall nonprofit sector. This over representation partially limits the generalizability of these findings but it also allows the research to more thoroughly understand this unique subset of organizations that serve predominantly the narrow interests of their members. , – This research highlights the advantage nonprofit employers have over other organizations in terms of using intrinsic motivations to attract employees. However, the findings also suggest nonprofit organizations need to focus on human resource (HR) strategies including policies that enhance WLB, advancement, and job security to compete with other employers for talent. Finally, the research also suggests the need to tailor HR strategies to groups of nonprofit employees based upon important employee characteristics such as gender, job type, and prior career experience. , – This study extends a well-developed body of knowledge on motivations and selection of career paths to individuals working in the nonprofit sector. It also suggests variations among employees and organizations matter in terms of the type of individuals attracted to particular career path in nonprofits. Additionally, this research suggests future research needs to include more nuanced examinations of the differences which exist among organizations in the nonprofit sector rather than simply focussing upon similarities across the most prevalent types of nonprofit organizations.
Expanding the phenotype of BICD2 mutations toward skeletal muscle involvement

Objective: To expand the spectrum of bicaudal D, Drosophila, homologue 2 (BICD2) gene–related diseases, which so far includes autosomal dominant spinal muscular atrophy with lower extremity predominance 2 and hereditary spastic paraplegia due to mutations in the BICD2 gene. Methods: We analyzed 2 independent German families with clinical, genetic, and muscle MRI studies. In both index patients, muscle histopathologic studies were performed. Transfection studies were carried out to analyze the functional consequences of the disease-causing mutations. Results: We identified the mutations p.Ser107Leu and p.Thr703Met in the BICD2 gene in the 2 families, respectively. In contrast to other patients carrying the same mutations, our patients present features of a myopathy with slow progression. Immunofluorescence studies and immunoelectron microscopy showed striking impairment of Golgi integrity, vesicle pathology, and abnormal BICD2 accumulation either within the nuclei (p.Ser107Leu) or in the perinuclear region (p.Thr703Met). Transfection studies confirmed BICD2 aggregation in different subcellular locations. Conclusions: Our findings extend the phenotypic spectrum of BICD2-associated disorders by features of a chronic myopathy and show a pathomechanism of BICD2 defects in skeletal muscle.
Implications of online funding regulations for small businesses

Purpose - – This paper aims to examine the implications of exemptions to facilitate small businesses’ access to crowdfunding (CF) schemes. The aftermath of the 2008 global financial crisis and even now witnessed many small profits and non-profits encountering significant difficulties in accessing funding from the conventional sources and on many occasions have to turn to the newly emerging Internet-enabled donation or product compensation CF schemes. Access to securities-based CF schemes has, however, been seriously difficult due to securities laws obstacles. Regulatory authorities in the USA and the UK have responded with exemptions to facilitate small businesses’ access to CF. Design/methodology/approach - – The paper driven by the qualitative doctrinal approach would rely extensively on primary data from the applicable regulations and secondary data from industry sources and other publicly available commentaries. Findings - – Securities-based CF schemes hitherto heavily restricted in the USA and the UK are under current regulatory interventions-accorded exemption status, thereby enabling enhanced access for those small businesses seeking alternatives to conventional financing and enhanced investment opportunities for small investors. The paper’s preliminary analysis suggests that the proposed new regulatory rules in the USA and the UK are generally well-balanced with adequate small investors’ protection, while simultaneously not hampering the innovative growth of small businesses with excessive restrictions. Further, the preparedness of the regulators to fine-tune the proposed rules as the CF industry evolves would likely ensure its orderly growth, thereby helping to address various humanitarian and social challenges in these jurisdictions. Originality/value - – The added value of the analysis lies in its substantive evaluation of the proposed rules in both jurisdictions to ascertain the feasibility of securities-based CF schemes as alternatives for small businesses in relation to traditional financing and enhanced investment opportunities for small unsophisticated investors.
An Education- and Telephone-Based Intervention to Improve Follow-up to Vision Care in Patients With Diabetes

The aim was to evaluate the effectiveness of a multipronged intervention on diabetic dilated fundus examination (DFE) adherence. In a prospective trial, 521 patients with diabetes who were due for follow-up DFEs were randomized to usual care or the intervention group. Usual care received a form letter reminder to schedule and an automated reminder phone call prior to their appointment. Intervention participants received an educational brochure about diabetic eye disease and a personalized letter reminder to schedule. A research assistant called intervention participants to help schedule the appointment, and they received a reminder letter and an automated phone call prior to the scheduled visit. Patients in the intervention group were significantly more likely to schedule (63% vs 40%; P < .0001) and complete their appointment (48% vs 30%; P < .0001) compared with usual care. A multipronged intervention, including an educational mailing and telephone assistance with scheduling an appointment, significantly improved diabetic DFE adherence.
Sectoral Composition of Foreign Direct Investment and External Vulnerability in Eastern Europe

In the run up to the global crisis, countries in Central Eastern and Southeastern Europe attracted large capital inflows and some of them built up large external imbalances. This paper investigates whether these imbalances are linked to the sectoral composition of FDI. It shows that FDI in the tradable sectors leads to an improvement of the external balance. We also find that the countries with large market size, good infrastructure, greater trade integration, and educated labor force are more likely to receive more FDI in the tradable sectors.
A study on relationship between operating cash flows and performance evaluation criteria based on the theory of constraints (TOC) versus traditional method

Article history: Received May 8, 2013 Received in revised format 29 June 2013 Accepted 26 July 2013 Available online July 27 2013 This study presents an empirical investigation to measure the relationship between traditional accounting performance measurement as well as theory of constraint-based figures with operating cash flow. Traditional accounting measurement includes net profit and return of investment and theory of constraint method includes net profit and return of investment based on theory of constraints. The study selects 69 firms list on Tehran Stock Exchange over the period 2000-2010. Using panel data and fixed effect, the study performs regression analysis and the results confirm that there was a positive relationship between net profit measured by theory of constraints and cash flow and it can be effectively used for performance measurement. © 2013 Growing Science Ltd. All rights reserved.
The relationship between capacity utilization and value chain performance: Evidence from Kenyan tea processing firms

Tea processing firms have increasingly recognized the role of capacity utilization and management in the creation and maintenance of competitive advantage. This study intended to determine the link between capacity utilization and value chain performance of tea processing firms. Specifically, the study determined the relationship between capacity utilization and value chain performance of tea processing firms in Kenya. To achieve this, a sample of eighty-five (85) Tea processing firms was used. The study adopted a cross-sectional research design. The unit of analysis of the study was the individual tea processing firm. Data were collected from both primary and secondary sources. Multiple linear regression model was adopted to study the linear relationships among the study variables. The study established that the relationship between capacity utilization and the firm’s value chain performance is positive and significant. It is therefore recommended that management of the tea processing firms should improve the capacity utilization of the bottleneck resources if they are to increase the throughput and create competitive advantage of their firms. This study contributes by providing empirical insights from the tea processing on capacity utilization and value chain performance. Key words: Capacity utilization, value chain performance, tea processing firms.
Total quality management in service sector: a literature review

Over the last two decades, service organisations have embraced total quality management (TQM) as an effective management tool to improve their service quality. They have begun to show a keen interest in TQM by working on quality and related areas. TQM has become a major area of attention to practitioners, managers and researchers due to its strong impact on business performance, customer satisfaction and profitability. In the light of this, an attempt has been made to study and understand the theory and concept of TQM, its benefits as well as various facets of service components and its classification. This study also explores the literature on the implementation of TQM in selected service industries. The finding of this study provides a rich contribution towards TQM theory, its role in service sector, as well as presents the different components of services. This paper can help business managers and quality practitioners in better understanding TQM, service systems concept as well as TQM implementation in service sector. The scope for future study is presented at the end.
Fisher’s Microscope and Haldane’s Ellipse

Fisher’s geometrical model was introduced to study the phenotypic size of mutations contributing to adaptation. However, as pointed out by Haldane, the model involves a simplified picture of the action of natural selection, and this calls into question its generality. In particular, Fisher’s model assumes that each trait contributes independently to fitness. Here, we show that Haldane’s concerns may be incorporated into Fisher’s model solely by allowing the intensity of selection to vary between traits. We further show that this generalization may be achieved by introducing a single, intuitively defined quantity that describes the phenotype prior to adaptation. Comparing the process of adaptation under the original and generalized models, we show that the generalization may bias results toward either larger or smaller mutations. The applicability of Fisher’s model is then discussed.
A National Study of School Effectiveness for Language Minority Students' Long-Term Academic Achievement

Our research from 1985 to 2001 has focused on analyzing the great variety of education services provided for language minority (LM) students in U.S. public schools and the resulting long-term academic achievement of these students. This five-year research study (1996-2001) is our most recent overview of the types of U.S. school programs provided for these linguistically and culturally diverse students, especially focusing on English language learners’ (ELLs/LEPs) academic achievement in Grades K-12. This study includes qualitative and quantitative research findings from five urban and rural research sites in the northeast, northwest, south-central, and southeast U.S. It is designed to answer urgent policy questions of interest to the federal and state governments of the United States, since this demographic group is projected to be 40 percent of the school-age population by the 2030s and most U.S. schools are currently under-educating this student group. Overall, this research provides whole school district views of policy decision-making that is data-driven regarding designing, implementing, evaluating, and reforming the education of LM students.
EL TURISMO RURAL EN GALICIA. ANÁLISIS DE SU EVOLUCIÓN EN LA ÚLTIMA DÉCADA

In the last years, rural tourism has developed very much in Galicia. This sort of tourism is as a consequence of diversification policies in Galician tourist offer and it is used as a dynamic element in rural economies affected by agrarian reconversion measures. Likewise, rural tourism also allows revaluing the tourist patrimony, revitalizing habits, traditions and popular festivals, and fomenting the diffusion of the traditional craftwork and gastronomy. Besides, it is necessary to pay special attention to the protection of the environment and the restoration of historical, artistic and cultural patrimony, in the context of sustainable development theories. In this article, the situation and evolution of rural tourism in Galicia is analyzed from the nineties to the present time. A quantitative view is presented on the basis of its main magnitudes.
Planning Biodegradable Waste Management in Stockholm

The environmental impact of the management of biodegradable waste in Stockholm, based mainly on incineration and landfilling, was compared to systems with significant nutrient recycling; large‐scale composting, anaerobic digestion, and separate collection and utilization of urine. The systems' emissions, residual products, energy turnover, and resource consumption were evaluated from a life‐cycle perspective, using a computerized model, ORWARE (ORganic WAste REsearch model).
Posttraumatic growth in mothers and fathers of children with severe illnesses

Posttraumatic growth (PTG) can occur after various types of trauma but has not been studied prospectively in parents of children with chronic diseases. In this study, PTG was assessed in 126 parents of 67 children with type 1 diabetes or cancer three years after diagnosis. Most parents (62.7%) reported at least a moderate degree of PTG. Quality of family relationships, parental psychological distress and child medical characteristics assessed one month after diagnosis, and parents’ gender, explained 34 percent of PTG variance. The findings confirm that a severe disease of a child can lead to personal growth in the child’s parents.
A 10.3-GS/s, 6-Bit Flash ADC for 10G Ethernet Applications

This paper presents the design of a 40-nm CMOS 10.3-GS/s 6-bit Flash ADC used as the analog frontend of a universal DSP-based receiver that meets the requirements for all the NRZ 10G Ethernet (10GE) standards, for both fiber and copper channels. The 4-way interleaved ADC consists of a pair of frontend variable gain amplifiers (VGAs) driving four sets of track-and-hold (T/H) switches, followed by fine VGAs that drive 6-bit comparator arrays. A Wallace-tree adder is utilized as the thermometer-to-binary encoder allowing comparator re-ordering and redundancy. Also integrated is an 8-bit calibration DAC that is used as a reference to nullify the accumulated offset of the entire signal path, as well as to compensate for the nominal nonlinearity of the fine VGA and the resistor ladder. After calibration, the peak SNDR of the ADC is about 34 dB with bandwidth ranging from 3.5 to 6 GHz over all VGA gain settings. The ADC, along with its entire clock path, occupies 0.27 mm 2 and consumes 242 mW from a 0.9-V supply.
Contractual Provisions, Organizational Structure, and Conflict Control in Insurance Markets

We provide a foundation for a positive theory of insurance contracting with examples of its testable predictions. We argue that incentive conflicts arise when discretionary action is authorized and that contractual provisions and organizational structures control sources of conflict within the insurance market. Our emphasis differs from much of the previous insurance analysis. We focus on the implications of cost differences across insurance lines in the contracting/control technology. Our analysis yields testable implications about the distribution and contractual provisions (such as upper limits, deductibles, and coinsurance) and organizational structures (such as Lloyd's Associations, mutuals, and stocks) across lines of insurance.
Total body sodium by whole body neutron activation in the living subject: further evidence for non-exchangeable sodium pool.

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Contracts and Specific Investment: An Empirical Test of Transaction Cost Theory

Empirical work has failed to keep pace with recent advances in transaction cost theory and the theory of contract. The first econometric analysis of its kind is reported by using a new data set of small subcontractors making specific inputs for customers in the engineering industry. The use of formal contracts is found to be strongly associated with specific investment and other variables measuring technological complexity and vulnerability to potential opportunism by customers. Furthermore, despite typically long-term relationships, over half of subcontractors avoid making efficient, specific investments. Overall, we find strong support for the transaction cost theory of contracts. Copyright 1994 by MIT Press.
Farm‐to‐market transaction costs and specialisation in small‐scale agriculture: Explorations with a non‐separable household model

Using an integrated household model with endogenous transaction costs, this article illustrates how, even in the absence of risk, the tension between gains from specialisation and corresponding increases in transaction costs may lead to enterprise diversification on small farms. A numerical example illustrates that this tension may contribute to the prevalence of inter-cropped cash-crops on small farms, in apparent disregard for foregone yield and income from greater specialisation involving pure-stands. By implication, measures that augment households' abilities to override trading costs may be critical complements to efforts seeking to raise productivity and incomes in small-scale agriculture via increased specialisation.
Are dictatorships returning? Revisiting the ‘democratic rollback’ hypothesis

Since 2007 an increasing number of articles have diagnosed ‘freedom in retreat’ and predicted a ‘return to the authoritarian great powers’. Highly distinguished scholars warn against the ‘democratic rollback’, and articles on the resilience of authoritarian regimes have appeared in the best journals of political science. Is the tide of democratization turning, and do we have to expect a new reverse wave of autocratization? This article argues that there is no hard empirical evidence that we are witnessing a trend towards re-autocratization on a global scale. The optimism of the early 1990s of a seemingly irresistible trend towards democracy is partially due to an empirical artefact caused by inappropriate underlying theoretical concepts. The overestimation of human agency and political crafting on the one side and underestimation of structural impediments for democracy on the other side contributed to this optimism, as did the thin concept of ‘electoral democracy’ or teleological speculation about the end of history. Democratic rollback does not seem to be as widespread as is sometimes claimed.