Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Tractable Construction of Relational Features

A popular technique for converting multi-relational data into a single-relational form is based on constructing truth-valued relational features of the data instances, where the features play the role of binary attributes in the resulting representation. Here I consider a simple relational feature language whose formulas correspond to conjunctions of first-order atoms where arguments are only variables and respect userdefined constraints on types and input/output modes. I show a sufficient condition for polynomial time construction of such formulas and give preliminary results on tractable enumeration of complete sets of such formulas.
Language policy evaluation in business settings

Abstract:Globalisation and internationalisation are important considerations for companies. If they want to increase their export, recruit foreign employees or start a foreign subsidiary, they will need to think about a suitable language policy to establish an effective and efficient communication with and between their employees. In this article, we discuss recent research related to language policy in multinational companies. First, we list several language management strategies used in companies based on the research of Harzing, Köster and Magner (2011). We illustrate this list with recent case studies, which articulate a range of problems and situations that companies are confronted with. In the following section, we discuss the need for an evaluation of language policies within a business setting. We focus on the analytical framework of François Grin and Michele Gazzola, who have written several articles and books about this need. We connect these ideas to recent case studies in a business setting. We conclude our article with the suggestion that there is a research gap concerning the evaluation of language policies, especially in the context of multinationals. Résumé:La globalisation et l’internationalisation sont des concepts clés pour les entreprises actuelles. Les conséquences linguistiques sont considérables : si les entreprises veulent augmenter leur taux d’exportation ou commencer une filiale à l’étranger et recruter des employés locaux, elles devront réfléchir à une politique linguistique adéquate afin d’instaurer une communication effective et efficace avec et entre le personnel. Dans cet article, nous donnons un aperçu d’études récentes dans le domaine de la politique linguistique au sein d’entreprises multinationales. A ce propos, nous faisons d’abord l’inventaire de plusieurs stratégies de politique linguistique en prenant comme point de départ la recherche de Harzing, Köster, et Magner (2011). Ensuite, nous exposons des études de cas, qui servent comme illustration de ces stratégies et qui montrent également la nature des problèmes et situations auxquelles les entreprises se voient confrontées. Dans la section suivante, nous examinons la nécessité d’une évaluation des politiques linguistiques dans un contexte d’entreprise. Nous partons du cadre analytique tel qu’il a été élaboré par François Grin et Michele Gazzola, deux auteurs qui ont écrit plusieurs articles et livres à ce sujet. En guise de conclusion, nous suggérons qu’un besoin de plus de recherche concernant l’évaluation des politiques linguistiques s’impose, notamment dans le contexte des entreprises multinationales.
The Implications of Discount Rate Reductions on Transport Investments and Sustainable Transport Futures

The effects of reducing the discount rate used in evaluations of initiatives funded from the National Land Transport Fund (NLTF) were assessed during 2007–2009. Over 160 projects across a range of project types were collated and the relative effects of different discount rates were documented. As lower discount rates are applied, the demands on the budget become greater, and every dollar in the budget becomes more valuable. Thus any project that releases an extra dollar of cost is valued more than any project that produces an extra dollar of benefit. A lower discount rate would probably be most favourable to initiatives that reduce the total cost of maintaining and operating the network, and are favourable to major long-lasting infrastructure investments. Initiatives with large future operating and maintenance costs decrease in relative priority. The NLTF is now funded from hypothecated transport revenues, so raising revenues is more likely to displace private consumption than private investment. Therefore, using a social time preference rate is most appropriate. This might range from 3–5% real rather than the current 8% real, with 4% being appropriate. However, the final decision should lie with policy makers rather than economists, given the normative judgements required.
Towards Energy Proportional Cloud for Data Processing Frameworks

Energy efficiency in cloud computing is becoming more and more important for IT operators of data centers. Several effort to use low power machines in the data center level has been explored. Also, data processing frameworks such as MapReduce and Hadoop are frequently used to process data intensive jobs. However, there have not been an extensive study on the impact of low power computers on such data processing frameworks. Actually, development of low power computers is demanding the architectural paradigm shift for cloud applications. In this paper, we evaluate Apache Hadoop on low power machines and study the feasibility of them in cloud systems. We also propose AnSwer (Augmentation and Substitution), an energy saving method to reduce energy consumption by introducing low power machines. In An-Swer, augmentation and substitution complement each other to prevent data loss and to improve overall power consumption.
Choosing among Architectures for AppliedMultilingual

This is an extended abstract of a talk to be presented at the Future Issues for Multilingual Text Processing workshop of PRICAI-96. This talk intends to give an overview of the project ACNLG (Applied Chinese Natural Language Generation) as it currently stands. Since we are at the beginning of our project, the discussion has a corresponding preliminary character. By discussing our philosophy and our approach towards applied multilingual generation (MLG), we hope to stimulate discussions on application-oriented architectures for MLG. We will go through techniques used in various processing stages and examine the multilingual aspect. We discuss these issues from the point of view of linguistics as well as from that of software engineering. Based on the discussion, we present an architecture we propose for the project ACNLG.
Aggregate Queries in NoSQL Cloud Data Stores

This thesis work describes the design and implementation of an aggregate view maintenance mechanism for web applications in the Cloud. Maintaining consistent views and ensuring fault and partition tolerance is generally hard as the CAP theorem postulates that these three properties cannot hold simultaneously. Nevertheless, web application transactions are often characterized by short-lived transactions touching only a few data items. Specific examples are shopping cart updates, user name and password look-ups, and online visitor statistics. The small sized updates allow for an efficient aggregate view maintenance solution based on incremental updates via change tables. The change table mechanism can be readily implemented at a transaction coordinator node which can carry out the entire computation because of the small-sized view change tables. This thesis elaborates on using the two-phase commit protocol and simple equi-join queries to implement a synchronous and asynchronous version of the change table algorithm. In this work we will argue that the heavy workloads introduced by the synchronous approach can be decreased by relaxing the view freshness requirements. Thus, the performance of the proposed mechanism can be controlled by exploiting the whole consistency range from immediate updates to deferred refreshing which can be carried out at arbitrary time intervals.
Almost Euclidean quotient spaces of subspaces of a finite-dimensional normed space

The main result of this article is Theorem 1 which states that a quotient space Y, dim Y = k, of a subspace of any finite dimensional normed space X, dim X — n, may be chosen to be J-isomorphic to a euclidean space even for k = [Xn] for any fixed X < 1 (and d depending on X only). The following theorem is proved. 1. Theorem. For every d > 1 there exists X(d) > 0 such that every n-dimensional normed space X contains a k-dimensional quotient space F of a subspace E C X which satisfies (i) d(F,lj)<d, (ii) dim£= k 3* X(d)n. (Here d(F, lk) denotes a Banach-Mazur distance between two normed spaces; i.e., d(X,Y) = inf{\\T\\-\\T-l\\ over all linear isomorphisms T: X -» Y}. ) Moreover, X(d) -» 1 if d -» oo and, for large d, X(d) = 1 — 3-^6 /In In d. Remark 1. It is enough to prove Theorem 1 for large d only, because, as proved in [MJ, any úf-isomorphic copy of l2 contains, for any e > 0, a (1 + e)-isomorphic copy of l2, where k > ic(e)m/d2 and «(e) > 0 depends on e > 0 only. Remark 2. Of course, the theorem states that the dual £ * to £ c X contains a subspace £ * c £ * which satisfies (i) and (ii) of the theorem. Remark 3. In [M2] the theorem was proved with a logarithmic factor, and this theorem was formulated as a problem. We refer the reader to this paper for relevant discussion. 2. Notations. Let Xbe an zi-dimensional normed space, i.e., 7? " with the norm || • ||, and let (x, y) be an inner product on X; consequently, |x| = (x, x)1/2 is a euclidean norm on X. For any x G X let (l/zz)|x| < ||x|| < b\x\ and Mr = jxeS"-'\\x\\ dp(x), where S"_1 = {* € X: |x| = 1} and p(x) = pn_x(x) is the normalized invariant (Haar) measure on S"_1. Let ||*||* = supy^0(\(x, y)\/\\y\\). Then (l/b)\x\ < ||*||* < a\x\, and we define Mr» = js»-i\\x\\*dp(x). Received by the editors July 1, 1984 and, in revised form, August 25, 1984. 1980 Mathematics Subject Classification. Primary 46B20, 46B25, 46C99.
Practicing Differential Privacy in Health Care: A Review

Differential privacy has gained a lot of attention in recent years as a general model for the protection of personal information when used and disclosed for secondary purposes. It has also been proposed as an appropriate model for protecting health data. In this paper we review the current literature on differential privacy and highlight important general limitations to the model and the proposed mechanisms. We then examine some practical challenges to the application of differential privacy to health data. The most severe limitation is the theoretical nature of the privacy parameter epsilon. It has implications on our ability to quantify the level of anonymization that would be guaranteed to patients, as well as assessing responsibilities when a privacy breach occurs. The review concludes by identifying the areas that researchers and practitioners need to address to increase the adoption of differential privacy for health data.
Value of flow diagrams in reports of randomized controlled trials.

CONTEXT Diagrams of the flow of participants through a clinical trial are recommended in the Consolidated Standards for Reporting of Trials (CONSORT) statement, but it is unclear whether such flow diagrams improve the quality of trial reports. OBJECTIVE To examine the information contributed by flow diagrams and the completeness of reporting overall in reports of randomized controlled trials (RCTs) published in 5 general and internal medicine journals. DESIGN AND SETTING Analysis of 270 reports of RCTs published in 1998 in the Annals of Internal Medicine (AIM; n = 19), BMJ (n = 42), JAMA (n = 45), The Lancet (n = 81), and The New England Journal of Medicine (NEJM; n = 83). MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Proportion of reports that included a flow diagram, information provided in flow diagrams, and completeness of reporting about flow of participants overall in flow diagrams or text. RESULTS A total of 139 reports (51.5%) of RCTs included a flow diagram, but this varied widely among journals (AIM, 21.0%; BMJ, 38.1%; JAMA, 80.0%; The Lancet, 93.8%; and NEJM, 8.4%). Diagrams generally provided useful information, but only 73 (52.5%) included the number of participants who received allocated interventions and only 32 (23.0%) included the number of participants included in the analysis. In logistic regression analysis, overall completeness of reporting about flow of study participants was associated with publication of a flow diagram. CONCLUSIONS Flow diagrams are associated with improved quality of reporting of randomized controlled trials. However, the structure of current flow diagrams is less than ideal. We propose a revised flow diagram that includes all important counts through the stages of parallel group trials.
Implicit Perceptual Memory Modulates Early Visual Processing of Ambiguous Images

The way we perceive the present visual environment is influenced by past visual experiences. Here we investigated the neural basis of such experience dependency. We repeatedly presented human observers with an ambiguous visual stimulus (structure-from-motion) that can give rise to two distinct perceptual interpretations. Past visual experience is known to influence the perception of such stimuli. We recorded fast dynamics of neural activity shortly after stimulus onset using event-related electroencephalography. The number of previous occurrences of a certain percept modulated early posterior brain activity starting as early as 50 ms after stimulus onset. This modulation developed across hundreds of percept repetitions, reflecting several minutes of accumulating perceptual experience. Importantly, there was no such modulation when the mere number of previous stimulus presentations was considered regardless of how they were perceived. This indicates that the effect depended on previous perception rather than previous visual input. The short latency and posterior scalp location of the effect suggest that perceptual history modified bottom-up stimulus processing in early visual cortex. We propose that bottom-up neural responses to a given visual presentation are shaped, in part, by feedback modulation that occurred during previous presentations, thus allowing these responses to be biased in light of previous perceptual decisions.
Augmentation in object tracking performance with hue preservation conditioned on frequency domain characteristics of video

Tracking of any given object forms integral part in surveillance, control and analysis applications. The video tracker presented here works on the principle of mean shift. Mean shift is an iterative algorithm which is extended to the field of object tracking. However mean shift tracker losses track of the object when there are variations in illumination. In order to improve the performance of the tracker the poorly illuminated video frames are pre-processed and enhancement is provided to only those frames based on hue preservation algorithm. Low illumination in a frame leads to low value DC coefficient. Enhancement is provided to frames with low DC coefficient. The frames with corrected illumination are used to track object of interest using the Mean shift algorithm. The proposed method is tried on a variety of video sequences. The results exhibit much improved tracking. The graph plotted for Bhattacharyya coefficient versus frame index exhibits significant increase in its values when the frames are pre-processed in comparison with the basic mean shift algorithm.
Symbolic planning and control of robot motion [Grand Challenges of Robotics]

In this paper, different research trends that use symbolic techniques for robot motion planning and control are illustrated. As it often happens in new research areas, contributions to this topic started at about the same time by different groups with different emphasis, approaches, and notation. This article tries to describe a framework in which many of the current methods and ideas can be placed and to provide a coherent picture of what the authors want to do, what have they got so far, and what the main missing pieces are. Generally speaking, the aim of symbolic control as is envisioned in this article is to enable the usage of methods of formal logic, languages, and automata theory for solving effectively complex planning problems for robots and teams of robots. The results presented in this article can be divided in two groups: top-down approaches, whereby formal logic tools are employed on rather abstract models of robots; and bottom up approaches, whose aim is to provide means by which such abstractions are possible and effective. The two ends do not quite tie as yet, and much work remains to be done in both directions to obtain generally applicable methods. However, the prospects of symbolic control of robots are definitely promising, and the challenging nature of problems to be solved warrants for the interest of a wide community of researchers
Psychological factors of choking under pressure among pianists -- What triggers memory slip?

Psychological factors of choking under pressure among pianists -What triggers memory slip? Reiko ISHIMARU†, Shinichi FURUYA††, and Noriko NAGATA† † School of Science and Technology, Kwansei Gakuin University, Gakuen 2-1, Sanda, Hyogo, 669-1337 Japan †† Sony Computer Science Laboratories, 3-14-13, Higashigotanda, Shinagawa-ku, Tokyo, 141-0022 Japan E-mail: †{rishimar,nagata}@kwansei.ac. jp, ††auditory.motor@gmail.com
Towards automatic real time identification of malicious posts on Facebook

Online Social Networks (OSNs) witness a rise in user activity whenever a news-making event takes place. Cyber criminals exploit this spur in user-engagement levels to spread malicious content that compromises system reputation, causes financial losses and degrades user experience. In this paper, we characterized a dataset of 4.4 million public posts generated on Facebook during 17 news-making events (natural calamities, terror attacks, etc.) and identified 11,217 malicious posts containing URLs. We found that most of the malicious content which is currently evading Facebook's detection techniques originated from third party and web applications, while more than half of all legitimate content originated from mobile applications. We also observed greater participation of Facebook pages in generating malicious content as compared to legitimate content. We proposed an extensive feature set based on entity profile, textual content, metadata, and URL features to automatically identify malicious content on Facebook in real time. This feature set was used to train multiple machine learning models and achieved an accuracy of 86.9%. We performed experiments to show that past techniques for spam campaign detection identified less than half the number of malicious posts as compared to our model. This model was used to create a REST API and a browser plug-in to identify malicious Facebook posts in real time.
Tuli 1286 aaxaxa xaxa a xxxxf

Fuzzy set theory which is a powerful tool for handling vague situations has advanced in a variety of ways and in many disciplines. Applications of this theory can be found in artificial intelligence, computer science, control engineering, decision theory, expert systems, logic, management science, operations research, pattern recognition and robotics. There have been a variety of fuzzy measures and their generating functions, each with its own merits and limitations. In the present communication, we have obtained the expressions of generating functions for the measures of fuzzy entropy based upon fuzzy distributions.
Functional representations of integrable hierarchies

We consider a general framework for integrable hierarchies in Lax form and derive certain universal equations from which 'functional representations' of particular hierarchies (such as KP, discrete KP, mKP, AKNS), i.e. formulations in terms of functional equations, are systematically and quite easily obtained. The formalism genuinely applies to hierarchies where the dependent variables live in a noncommutative (typically matrix) algebra. The obtained functional representations can be understood as 'noncommutative' analogues of 'Fay identities' for the KP hierarchy.
A Spatial Model of Plants with an Age-Structured Seed Bank and Juvenile Stage

We formulate an integro-difference model to predict the growth and spatial spread of a plant population with an age-structured seed bank and juvenile cohort. We allow the seeds in the bank to be of any age, producing a system of infinitely many equations. We assume that juvenile plants mature into adults at a particular age. The production of new seeds can be density-dependent and so the function describing this growth is allowed to be nonmonotone. The functions describing the seed bank and juvenile plants are linear. We show that when the system has a positive equilibrium, there is a spreading speed that can be computed using model parameters and that this spreading speed can be characterized as the slowest speed of a class of traveling wave solutions. The spreading speed results are obtained through linearization and comparison to an analogous finite system, while the existence of traveling wave solutions is shown by using an asymptotic fixed point theorem. We conduct numerical simulations of a truncate.
Some Technological Properties of Lactic Acid Bacteria Isolated from Dahi and Datshi, Naturally Fermented Milk Products of Bhutan

Dahi and datshi are common naturally fermented milk (NFM) products of Bhutan. Population of lactic acid bacteria (LAB) in dahi (pH 3.7) and datshi (pH 5.2) was 1.4 × 107 and 3.9 × 108 cfu/ml, respectively. Based on 16S rRNA gene sequencing isolates of LAB from dahi and datshi were identified as Enterococcus faecalis, E. faecium, Lactococcus lactis subsp. lactis. LAB strains were tested for some technological properties. All LAB strains except E. faecalis CH2:17 caused coagulation of milk at both 30°C for 48 h. Only E. faecium DH4:05 strain was resistant to pH 3. No significant difference (P > 0.05) of viable counts was observed in MRS broth with and without lysozyme. All LAB strains grew well in 0.3% bile showing their ability to tolerate bile salt. None of the LAB strains showed >70% hydrophobicity. This study, being the first of its microbiological analysis of the NFM of Bhutan, has opened up to an extent of research work that gives a new insight to the products.
Medial Axis Extraction Using Growing Neural Gas

In this paper, a medial axis extracting method is proposed by using a self-organising neural network, namely the Growing Neural Gas (GNG), which is applied to preserve the topology of any input space. The boundaries of a given figure are sampled with induced Delaunay triangulation corresponding to the set of nodes in GNG network at the first stage; then the Voronoi diagram for these neurons are constructed and the approximation of the medial axes are extracted from the Voronoi diagram; finally, the global medial axes is obtained by pruning the useless branches. Simulations are carried out to demonstrate the performance of the proposed method. Experimental results show that GNG method is able to extract global medial axis effectively and has the resistance ability to small deviation of the boundary of the figure.
A GIS-based simulator for CIIP interdependency analysis

Interdependency analysis is the core of Critical Information Infrastructure Protection (CIIP). Major developed countries have been constructing simulation tools to analyze CIIP interdependency. This paper describes a domestic effort to construct such a simulator. An agent based approach was used to support adaptive decision making for both the attackers and defenders. The simulator employed a GIS interface for visual effects, and developed a modified IIM (Inoperability Input-Output Model) algorithm for computing cascading impacts. Vulnerable points in the protection can be identified through the simulation to support decision making and personnel training.