Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Efficient simple structure red phosphorescent organic light emitting devices with narrow band-gap fluorescent host

We present highly efficient red and green phosphorescent devices comprising only two organic layers. Novel host materials having good electron transporting and new narrow band-gap fluorescent characteristics lead to the fabrication of simplified high efficiency devices. The driving voltage value of 3.3 V to reach luminance of 1000 cd/m 2 is reported in simple bi-layer red and green phosphorescent OLEDs, respectively. The maximum current- and power-efficiency values of 38.30 cd/A and 46.60 lm/W are demonstrated in this green device. The current and power efficiencies of bi-layered red PHOLED are 9.38 cd/A and 11.72 lm/W. Results reveal a practical way to fabricate highly efficient truly bi-layer organic devices for trouble-free manufacturing processes.
Momentum exchange at the sea surface by wind stress and understress

Momentum exchange at the interface between two fluids is considered using general reasoning on energy dissipation in the coupled planetary boundary layers. It is shown that the surface shearing stress can be expressed as a function of the relative surface geostrophic velocity between the two fluids, and that the surface velocity is a linear combination of the two surface geostrophic velocities. This latter result is in agreement with a result previously derived by E. B. Kraus directly from the momentum equations. The analysis enables the ratio of the dissipation rates between the two fluids in the interfacial boundary layer to be determined. For the coupled ocean-atmosphere, we find this ratio to be approximately (p1/p2)12 : where p1 and p2 are the densities of air and water, and we have made use of observations of the surface drift velocity and a dimensional argument which both suggest that the drag coefficients in the two fluids are approximately equal. From the form of the expression for the surface shearing stress, it is clear that both fluids lose energy in the coupled boundary layer, and also that they either transfer energy to each other or extract energy from each other by interaction at the interface. These energy fluxes are carried by two elemental stresses due to the general circulations of the atmosphere and the ocean respectively and which we call ‘wind stress’ and ‘understress’. The mutual loss of energy implies that the interface exerts a drag on both the atmosphere and the ocean, and the interfacial energy exchanges show that the ocean does work on the atmosphere analogous to the work done by the atmosphere on the ocean.
Hallowell Davis and evoked potential audiometry

While studying the human electroencephalogram, Hallowell and Pauline Davis made the first recordings of the human auditory evoked potentials. In 1939 they published the founding papers for evoked potential audiometry: One by Pauline on recordings during wakefulness and a second by Hallowell on recordings during sleep. Although the possible audiometric usefulness of these responses was recognized, it was not until the 1960’s that new averaging computers made their recording sufficiently objective for clinical use. In the 60’s and early 70’s, Hallowell and his colleagues then produced a series of definitive papers on the acoustical characteristics and clinical usefulness of the auditory ‘‘vertex potential. ’’ While studying the effects of attention on this response, Hallowell made the first recordings of the P300 wave that is related to human information processing. For the last 15 years of his life, Hallowell put together techniques for evaluating frequency‐specific thresholds in infants and young children with the auditory brain‐stem response, proposing special stimuli (the 2‐1‐2 toneburst) and special response measurements (the SN10 wave). Hallowell Davis has been considered the ‘‘father of evoked potential audiometry’’: He was there at the beginning and continuously assisted the development of the field with careful research and insightful review.
Sharp estimates for the convergence rate of Orthomin(k) for a class of linear systems

In this work we show that the convergence rate of Orthomin($k$) applied to systems of the form $(I+\rho U) x = b$, where $U$ is a unitary operator and $0 0$ for which the asymptotic convergence rate of Orthomin($k$) is exactly $\rho$, thus showing that the estimate is sharp. While the systems under scrutiny may not be of great interest in themselves, their existence shows that, in general, Orthomin($k$) does not converge faster than Orthomin(1). Furthermore, we give examples of systems for which Orthomin($k$) has the same asymptotic convergence rate as Orthomin(2) for $k\ge 2$, but smaller than that of Orthomin(1). The latter systems are related to the numerical solution of certain partial differential equations.
Lattice and Off-Lattice Side Chain Models of Protein Folding: Linear Time Structure Prediction Better Than 86% of Optimal (Extended Abstract)

Alkyl anthranilates are prepared by reacting an isatin with an alkanol and hydrogen peroxide in the presence of an alkali metal alkanolate. The alkyl anthranilates obtainable by the process of the invention are valuable starting materials for the preparation of pesticides, dyes and drugs.
ESTIMATION ISSUES AND MATHEMATICAL DERIVATION OF EDUCATIONAL PRODUCTION FUNCTION

A critical assessment of the extant literature of educational production function is discussed in this paper. The discussion covers two important aspects of research development in the area. First, the various approaches used in the estimation of educational production functions, their strengths and weaknesses, are analysed. The main objective of the exercise is to arrive at a shared understanding of the appropriate approach to modelling an educational production function. Second, the general relationship between the input and the output of education is identified from the extant literature. An identification of the relationship is instrumental in terms of variable selection for an empirical study. Once the underlying issues related to the estimation of educational production function are recognised, the derivation of three mathematical models of the function that can be applied in empirical works is provided.
Extrapolation and Convergence Criteria with Jacobi and Gauss-Seidel Iteration in Animal Models

Abstract A population of individuals was simulated to study convergence rate of an iterative method, a mix of Gauss-Seidel and second-order Jacobi, for solving mixed model equations for an animal model. The solutions drifted for many iterations and their accuracy for converged solutions was far from that suggested by criteria such as the difference between right-hand and left-hand sides or a modified difference between consecutive solutions. The drift in later rounds of iteration closely followed a geometric progression, and formulas were derived for estimating: 1) the true solutions via exponential extrapolation, 2) relationships between various convergence criteria, and 3) number of rounds needed to increase the accuracy of solutions by an arbitrarily specified factor. A range of relaxation factors was studied. The accuracy of solutions was very sensitive to the value of this factor in the absence of extrapolation. The optimal relaxation factor was lower when solutions were extrapolated, but its value was not as critical in this case.
The power of randomization tests for single-case phase designs

Abstract Monte Carlo methods were used to estimate the power of randomization tests used with single-case designs involving the random assignment of treatments to phases. The design studied involved 2 treatments and 6 phases. The power was studied for 6 standardized effect sizes (0, .2, .5, .8, 1.1, and 1.4), 4 levels of autocorrelation (1st order autocorrelation coefficients of -.3, 0, .3, and .6), and 5 different phase lengths (4, 5, 6, 7, and 8 observations). Power was estimated for each condition by simulating 10,000 experiments. The results showed an adequate level of power (> .80) when effect sizes were large (1.1 and 1.4), phase lengths exceeded 5, and autocorrelation was not negative.
Coarsening with a frozen vertex

In the standard nearest-neighbor coarsening model with state space $\{-1,+1\}^{\mathbb{Z}^2}$ and initial state chosen from symmetric product measure, it is known (see~\cite{NNS}) that almost surely, every vertex flips infinitely often. In this paper, we study the modified model in which a single vertex is frozen to $+1$ for all time, and show that every other site still flips infinitely often. The proof combines stochastic domination (attractivity) and influence propagation arguments.
Photometric distances to nine dark globules

Distances to nine dark globules are determined by a method using optical (VRI) and near-infrared (near-IR) (JHK) photometry of stars projected towards the field containing the globules. In this method, we compute intrinsic colour indices of stars projected towards the direction of the globule by dereddening the observed colour indices using various trial values of extinction A v and a standard extinction law. These computed intrinsic colour indices for each star are then compared with the intrinsic colour indices of normal main-sequence stars and a spectral type is assigned to the star for which the computed colour indices best match with the standard intrinsic colour indices. Distances (d) to the stars are determined using the A v and absolute magnitude (M v ) corresponding to the spectral types thus obtained. A distance versus extinction plot is made and the distance at which A v undergoes a sharp rise is taken to be the distance to the globule. All the clouds studied in this work are in the distance range 160-400 pc. The estimated distances to dark globules LDN 544, LDN 549, LDN 567, LDN 543, LDN 1113, LDN 1031, LDN 1225, LDN 1252 and LDN 1257 are 180 ± 35, 200 ± 40, 180 ± 35, 160 ± 30, 350 ± 70, 200 ± 40, 400 ± 80, 250 ± 50 and 250 ± 50 pc, respectively. Using the distances determined, we have estimated the masses of the globules and the far-IR luminosity of the IRAS sources associated with them. The mass of the clouds studied are in the range 10-200 M ⊙ .
Curvature of metrics on Demailly-Semple tower

(1) P → Xk = P (Vk−1) → Xk−1, k ≥ 1 obtained inductively making Xk a weighted projective bundle over X . The sequence provides a tool to study the locus of nonconstant holomorphic maps f : C → X such that f (t) ∈ V . It is a conjecture due to Green-Griffiths-Lang that the total image of all these curves is included in a proper subvariety of X ; provided (X, V ) is of general type. By general type we mean KV the canonical bundle of V is big.
Intense Red Upconversion Emission and Shape Controlled Synthesis of Gd2O3:Yb/Er Nanocrystals

Yb/Er codoped Gd(OH)3 was synthesized firstly via a simple hydrothermal treatment of the corresponding nitrate in the presence of alkali by tuning the pH values. The Gd2O3:Yb/Er nanocrystals were obtained via sintering the corresponding hydroxides precursors. The as-prepared samples were characterized by the typical X-ray diffraction, energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy, transmission electron microscopy (TEM), high-resolution TEM, and spectrophotometer. The results revealed that two shapes of the as-prepared Gd2O3:Yb/Er nanocrystals can be readily tuned from lemon-like particle to rod-like structure via tuning pH values from 7 to 14. Moreover, compared with the samples prepared at pH 7, the Gd2O3:Yb/Er nanocrystals prepared at pH 14 exhibit enhanced red upconversion emission and higher upconversion luminescence intensity under the excitation of 980 nm laser.
Boreal winter predictions with the GEOS‐2 GCM: The role of boundary forcing and initial conditions

Ensembles of atmospheric General Circulation Model (GCM) seasonal forecasts and long‐term simulations are analysed to assess the controlling influences of boundary forcing and memory of the initial conditions. Both the forecasts and simulations are carried out with version 2 of the Goddard Earth Observing System (GEOS‐2) GCM forced with observed sea surface temperatures (SSTs). While much of the focus is on the seasonal time‐scale (January‐March; 1981–95) and the Pacific North American (PNA) region, we also present results for other regions, shorter time‐scales, and other known modes of variability in the northern hemisphere extratropics.
The strong renewal theorem

We consider real random walks with positive increments (renewal processes) in the domain of attraction of a stable law with index $\alpha \in (0,1)$. The famous local renewal theorem of Garsia and Lamperti, also called strong renewal theorem, is known to hold in complete generality only for $\alpha > \frac{1}{2}$. Understanding when the strong renewal theorem holds for $\alpha \le \frac{1}{2}$ is a long-standing problem, with sufficient conditions given by Williamson, Doney and Chi. In this paper we give a complete solution, providing explicit necessary and sufficient conditions (an analogous result has been independently and simultaneously proved by Doney in arXiv:1507.06790). We also show that these conditions fail to be sufficient if the random walk is allowed to take negative values. This paper is superseded by arXiv:1612.07635
Supplement to “Personalized Prediction and Sparsity Pursuit in Latent Factor Models”

implying that the minimizer âj = 0. The same holds for b̂i if âj = 0. This completes the proof. Proof of Lemma PP-3: Consider SVD of Θ as follows: Θ = UDV T , where D is a diagonal matrix whose ith diagonal element is the ith singular value of Θ, and U and V are the left and right orthogonal matrices for the SVD. Note that ‖A‖2 is rotation-invariant under any orthogonal-transformation. Hence it suffices to consider the constraint that AB = D, equivalently, 〈aj, bi〉 = 0 when j 6= i and 〈ai, bi〉 = σi; i = 1, · · · , K. By the triangular inequality,
Ionospheric demodulation of powerful pulsed radio waves: A potential new diagnostic for radars suggested by Tromsø heater results

Pulses of radio waves in the ELF and VLF range can be generated in the auroral ionosphere by the transient conductivity perturbation (in the presence of an ambient electric field) caused by artificial heating using pulsed high-power HF radio waves. Examples of such waves generated by the Max-Planck heating facility near Tromso are briefly reviewed. The waves generated can be used to provide information on the horizontal ionospheric electric field. A model which has successfully explained these results quantitatively is used to predict the amplitudes produced by lower power HF radars (partial reflection experiments) in auroral regions. The model results show ELF/VLF amplitudes which are typically an order of magnitude below those obtained for the Tromso heater but may nevertheless provide useful ionospheric information as a byproduct of the radar's normal operation.
Operations model for the Large Binocular Telescope

The Large Binocular Telescope Observatory is expecting to support its first routine observing runs for partner astronomers by early 2007. When fully operational, the variety of observing modes will require a combination of skilled staff and prepared observers for full scientific productivity. The pair of 8.4-meter primaries can be operated as parallel channels to feed permanently mounted, paired wide-field direct imaging cameras, and optical and near-IR spectrographs. The two pairs of spectrographs support custom-drilled multi-object masks, with particular care required for the vacuum exchange in the near-IR system. Instruments with initially restricted user groups include a high-dispersion, stable fiber-fed echelle spectrograph and two beam-combining interferometers. The near-IR spectrograph and beam-combining instruments will depend on routine and reliable high performance from the adaptive optics system, based on the two 0.9-m adaptive secondary mirrors. We present preliminary plans for specialist staffing and scheduling modes for support of the science and deployment of instrumental modes by the partners.
Stiles–Crawford effect of the first kind: influence of the outer segment disc structure of human retina cones

This study analyses the way that the disc structure of the cone outer segment of the human retina affects light propagation through the cones, and how it influences the Stiles–Crawford effect of the first kind (SCE I). For this, we have used the finite-difference time-domain method (FDTD), enabling a numerical solution of Maxwell's equations. The intensity patterns at the cone endface are then compared with those found using the cone model with a homogeneous outer segment used in previous studies. The results for the new model, based on segments of optical fibre, show greater confinement of light propagating through the cone, and higher light intensity when the light strikes the entry face of the cone at certain angles.
Clifford structures in noncommutative geometry and the extended scalar sector

We consider aspects of the noncommutative approach to the standard model based on the spectral action principle. We show that as a consequence of the incorporation of the Clifford structures in the formalism, the spectral action contains an extended scalar sector, with respect to the minimal Standard Model. This may have interesting phenomenological consequences. Some of these new scalar fields carry both weak isospin and colour indexes. We calculate the new terms in spectral action due to the presence of these fields. Our analysis demonstrates that the fermionic doubling in the noncommutative geometry is not just a presence of spurious degrees of freedom, but it is an interesting and peculiar property of the formalism, which leads to physically valuable conclusions. Some of the new fields do not contribute to the physical fermionic action, but they appear in the bosonic spectral action. Their contributions to the Dirac operator correspond to couplings with the spurious fermions, which are projected out.
Scaling of temperature‐ and stress‐dependent viscosity convection

Simple scaling analysis of temperature‐ and stress‐dependent viscosity convection with free‐slip boundaries suggests three convective regimes: the small viscosity contrast regime which is similar to convection in a fluid whose viscosity does not depend on temperature, the transitional regime characterized by self‐controlled dynamics of the cold boundary layer and the asymptotic regime in which the cold boundary becomes stagnant and convection involves only the hottest part of the lid determined by a rheological temperature scale. The first two regimes are usually observed in numerical experiments. The last regime is similar to strongly temperature‐dependent viscosity convection with rigid boundaries studied in laboratory experiments.
Selection Strategy for Covariance Structure of Random Effects in Linear Mixed‐effects Models

Linear mixed‐effects models are a powerful tool for modelling longitudinal data and are widely used in practice. For a given set of covariates in a linear mixed‐effects model, selecting the covariance structure of random effects is an important problem. In this paper, we develop a joint likelihood‐based selection criterion. Our criterion is the approximately unbiased estimator of the expected Kullback–Leibler information. This criterion is also asymptotically optimal in the sense that for large samples, estimates based on the covariance matrix selected by the criterion minimize the approximate Kullback–Leibler information. Finite sample performance of the proposed method is assessed by simulation experiments. As an illustration, the criterion is applied to a data set from an AIDS clinical trial.
Band partitioning algorithm for surface reconstruction from planar contours

A heuristic contour triangulation method is proposed for reconstructing a facet model from a set of wire-frame contours. The proposed band partitioning algorithm (BPA) compensates for the disadvantages of optimal and heuristic methods, and produces an improved reconstructed surface. Furthermore, the maximum deviation criterion in span selection prohibits drastic error propagation in the surface definition procedure. Experimental results show that the proposed method is very stable and efficient, making it suitable for a wide range of applications.
News from Cyg X-1 and Other Galactic Black Holes

In the first part of my review, the present status of the possible black hole microlensing events and the evidence for the possible presence of intermediate mass black holes in some globular clusters are briefly discussed. The present understanding of high and low frequency quasi-periodic oscillations in systems containing black hole candidates is also reviewed. In the second part, the news from five individual objects (Cyg X-1, LMC X-1, SS 433, GRS 1915+105 and Sgr A*) are presented. Finally, the updated list of confirmed black holes, containing 21 objects is given.
Eigenvalue asymptotics for weighted Laplace equations on rough Riemannian manifolds with boundary

Our topological setting is a smooth compact manifold of dimension two or higher with smooth boundary. Although this underlying topological structure is smooth, the Riemannian metric tensor is only assumed to be bounded and measurable. This is known as a rough Riemannian manifold. For a large class of boundary conditions we demonstrate a Weyl law for the asymptotics of the eigenvalues of the Laplacian associated to a rough metric. Moreover, we obtain eigenvalue asymptotics for weighted Laplace equations associated to a rough metric. Of particular novelty is that the weight function is not assumed to be of fixed sign, and thus the eigenvalues may be both positive and negative. Key ingredients in the proofs were demonstrated by Birman and Solomjak nearly fifty years ago in their seminal work on eigenvalue asymptotics. In addition to determining the eigenvalue asymptotics in the rough Riemannian manifold setting for weighted Laplace equations, we also wish to promote their achievements which may have further applications to modern problems.
Wavefunctional analysis of electron transfers in 2D nanostructures under external fields

The time‐evolution of the wave packet inside chaotic and integrable two‐dimensional nanostructures is numerically studied. Recently the time‐evolution of quantum states is seriously considered to treat the dynamical property of nanostructures. By computer simulation, we have found the enhancement around the classical periodic orbits, which has been theoretically predicted. It is similar to the scars in the standing wave of the chaotic billiards and is also beyond the naive prediction of the random nodal patterns from the chaotic nanostructure. The initial position and velocity and the shape of the wave packet are crucial for the enhancement, however, we can observe that the remnant of the initial wave packet travels along the unstable periodic orbit. Then the wave packet gradually diffuses around the structure. This behavior has close relation to the dynamical properties of electrons in the structure, e.g., the conductivity, the magneto‐resistance etc. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Low-threshold resonance amplification of out-of-plane lattice plasmons in active plasmonic nanoparticle arrays

The resonance amplification of out-of-plane lattice plasmons (OLPs) in gain-assisted 2D metallic nanoparticle (NP) arrays is investigated theoretically. Due to the angle-dependent near-field optical properties, the gain threshold of OLPs-based spaser can be controlled by adjusting the angle of incident light. OLPs are demonstrated to exhibit lower thresholds for surface plasmon (SP) amplification than the in-plane lattice plasmons (ILPs) for active plasmonic NP arrays. Side-by-side comparisons of the E-field localizations and enhancements for the ILPs and OLPs excited at different incident angle are performed to understand their different spasing performance. The results also indicate that the gain thresholds of lattice plasmons in NP arrays are much lower than those of localized SPs in individual NPs.