Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Multi-objects association in perception of dynamical situation

In current perception systems applied to the rebuilding of the environment for intelligent vehicles, the part reserved to object association for the tracking is increasingly significant. This allows firstly to follow the objects temporal evolution and secondly to increase the reliability of environment perception. We propose in this communication the development of a multiobjects association algorithm with ambiguity removal entering into the design of such a dynamic perception system for intelligent vehicles. This algorithm uses the belief theory and data modelling with fuzzy mathematics in order to be able to handle inaccurate as well as uncertain information due to imperfect sensors. These theories also allow the fusion of numerical as well as symbolic data. We develop in this article the problem of matching between known and perceived objects. This makes it possible to update a dynamic environment map for a vehicle. The belief theory will enable us to quantify the belief in the association of each perceived object with each known object. Conflicts can appear in the case of object appearance or disappearance, or in the case of a confused situation or bad perception. These conflicts are removed or solved using an assignment algorithm, giving a solution called the «best» and so ensuring the tracking of some objects present in our environment.
Learning Sparse High Dimensional Filters: Image Filtering, Dense CRFs and Bilateral Neural Networks

Bilateral filters have wide spread use due to their edge-preserving properties. The common use case is to manually choose a parametric filter type, usually a Gaussian filter. In this paper, we will generalize the parametrization and in particular derive a gradient descent algorithm so the filter parameters can be learned from data. This derivation allows to learn high dimensional linear filters that operate in sparsely populated feature spaces. We build on the permutohedral lattice construction for efficient filtering. The ability to learn more general forms of high-dimensional filters can be used in several diverse applications. First, we demonstrate the use in applications where single filter applications are desired for runtime reasons. Further, we show how this algorithm can be used to learn the pairwise potentials in densely connected conditional random fields and apply these to different image segmentation tasks. Finally, we introduce layers of bilateral filters in CNNs and propose bilateral neural networks for the use of highdimensional sparse data. This view provides new ways to encode model structure into network architectures. A diverse set of experiments empirically validates the usage of general forms of filters.
How Institutions Evolve: The Political Economy of Skills in Germany, Britain, the United States, and Japan

How Institutions Evolve: The Political Economy of Skills in Germany, Britain, the United States, and Japan. By Kathleen Thelen. New York: Cambridge University Press, 2004. 352p. $75.00 cloth, $29.99 paper. The theory of evolution is under attack. In this case, however, the attacker, Kathleen Thelen, comes armed with far more plausible evidence than the proponents of “intelligent design,” and the creatures being analyzed are not plants and animals but key economic institutions, such as vocational training systems, organized labor, and employer organizations.
Inclusive fitness in agriculture

Trade-offs between individual fitness and the collective performance of crop and below-ground symbiont communities are common in agriculture. Plant competitiveness for light and soil resources is key to individual fitness, but higher investments in stems and roots by a plant community to compete for those resources ultimately reduce crop yields. Similarly, rhizobia and mycorrhizal fungi may increase their individual fitness by diverting resources to their own reproduction, even if they could have benefited collectively by providing their shared crop host with more nitrogen and phosphorus, respectively. Past selection for inclusive fitness (benefits to others, weighted by their relatedness) is unlikely to have favoured community performance over individual fitness. The limited evidence for kin recognition in plants and microbes changes this conclusion only slightly. We therefore argue that there is still ample opportunity for human-imposed selection to improve cooperation among crop plants and their symbionts so that they use limited resources more efficiently. This evolutionarily informed approach will require a better understanding of how interactions among crops, and interactions with their symbionts, affected their inclusive fitness in the past and what that implies for current interactions.
Universal Schema for Slot Filling and Cold Start: UMass IESL at TACKBP 2013

We employ universal schema for the TAC KBP slot filling and cold start tasks. The technique enlarges the set of relations in an ontology, e.g., TACKBP slots, to contain all surface patterns between pairs of entities in a large corpus. By factorizing the matrix of co-occurrences between entity pairs and universal schema relations, we are able to predict new target slots. This differs fundamentally from traditional relation extraction approaches because an entire knowledge base is constructed jointly over train and test data. To produce submissions for the slot filling and cold start tasks, we simply query this knowledge base. We describe universal schema, our data preprocessing pipeline, and additional techniques we employ for predicting entities’ attributes.
The Fetal Origins of the Metabolic Syndrome: Can We Intervene?

Epidemiological studies have suggested that metabolic programming begins during fetal life and adverse events in utero are a critical factor in the etiology of chronic diseases and overall health. While the underlying molecular mechanisms linking impaired fetal development to these adult diseases are being elucidated, little is known about how we can intervene early in life to diminish the incidence and severity of these long-term diseases. This paper highlights the latest clinical and pharmaceutical studies addressing how dietary intervention in fetal and neonatal life may be able to prevent aspects of the metabolic syndrome associated with IUGR pregnancies.
Discriminant Patterns of Consistency in Health Data Dictionaries: Implications for Evidence-Based Medicine

An increasing amount of the medical information in health provider organizations is derived from electronic patient records (EPRs). As such, the quality of information maintained by healthcare organizations becomes a key component of the healthcare delivery process, with a corresponding need for consistent information collection and management methods. The objective of this study was to examine and compare adoption rates of EPR data reliability within clinical support systems, identifying regional variation across the USA. In a nationwide study of all accredited US health information managers, reported levels of data dictionary adoption in electronic patient records were examined. Results show that the majority of health information managers have widely disparate policies and procedures related to data consistency. Despite increasing reliance on consistency of data for comparative purposes, most organizations have not exhibited regular adoption of data dictionaries to uniformly define system-based information within their organizations. This occurs in an era where government-mandated data standards require greater uniformity of medical information. Utilization of EPR data in evidence-based medical decision making must be undertaken with caution, especially when outcomes or other decision support data are compared across states or regions.
Complex MLL rearrangement in non‐infiltrated bone marrow in an infant with stage II precursor B‐lymphoblastic lymphoma

Precursor B‐lymphoblastic lymphoma cells are indistinguishable by morphology, and immune phenotype from lymphoblasts in acute leukemia which in infancy is associated with MLL rearrangements and a poor prognosis. The role of MLL gene deregulation in rare cases of isolated lymphoblastic lymphoma in infants is obscure. We report the case of a 10‐month‐old child who presented with a cutaneous nodule on the left foot. Histological diagnosis was precursor B‐lymphoblastic lymphoma. The young age of the patient motivated us to investigate the presence of an MLL rearrangement.
The role of communication in supporting innovation through research indicators

Science, Technology and Innovation (STI) are recognized as important strategic factors that shape and drive the socio-economic future of modern nations all around the globe. The growing economic and societal importance of STI has spurred the need for the collection and analysis of data that would be related to inputs, processes, outputs and impacts. However, the activity of communicating research outcomes to support global research policy has been reduced primarily to statistical models or data visualizations, with little consideration of the rhetorical nature of the deliberative documents produced to support this process. Based on the results of a large scale international survey on research indicators and outcomes, we argue for a renewed interest in the value of approaching questions of research value rhetorically, and thus highlighting the importance of effectively communicating research outcomes to stakeholders to bridge the gap between academia, industry and government.
Inertial Navigation Aided by Vision-Based Simultaneous Localization and Mapping

Inertial and vision sensors are considered essential nowadays in terms of navigation and guidance measurements for autonomous aerial and ground vehicles. In this paper, the concept of aiding Inertial Navigation with Vision-Based Simultaneous Localization and Mapping to compensate for Inertial Navigation divergence is introduced. We describe the changes to the augmented state vector that this sensor fusion algorithm requires and show that repeated measurements of map points during certain maneuvers around or nearby a map point is crucial for constraining the Inertial Navigation position divergence and reducing the covariance of the map point position estimates. In addition, it is shown that such an integrated navigation system requires coordination between the guidance and control measurements and the vehicle task itself to achieve better navigation accuracy.
Proliferation of Colorectal Cancer Is Promoted by Two Signaling Transduction Expression Patterns: ErbB2/ErbB3/AKT and MET/ErbB3/MAPK

One of the recent breakthroughs in cancer research is the identification of activating mutations in various receptor tyrosine kinase(RTK) pathways in many cancers including colorectal cancer(CRC). We hypothesize that, alternative to mutations, overexpression of various oncogenic RTKs may also underpin CRC pathogenesis, and different RTK may couple with distinct downstream signaling pathways in different subtypes of human CRC. By immunohistochemistry, we show here that RTK members ErbB2, ErbB3 and c-Met were in deed differentially overexpressed in colorectal cancer patient samples leading to constitutive activation of RTK signaling pathways. Using ErbB2 specific inhibitor Lapatinib and c-Met specific inhibitor PHA-665752, we further demonstrated that this constitutive activation of RTK signaling is necessary for the survival of colorectal cancer cells. Furthermore, we show that RTK overexpression pattern dictates the use of downstream AKT and/or MAPK pathways. Our data are important additions to current oncogenic mutation models, and further explain the clinical variation in therapeutic responses of colorectal cancer. Our findings advocate for more personalized therapy tailored to individual patients based on their type of RTK expression in addition to their mutation status.
Drug interactions in anesthesia.

A solution to get the problem off, have you found it? Really? What kind of solution do you resolve the problem? From what sources? Well, there are so many questions that we utter every day. No matter how you will get the solution, it will mean better. You can take the reference from some books. And the drug interactions in anesthesia is one book that we really recommend you to read, to get more solutions in solving this problem.
Net assignment for the FPGA-based logic emulation system in the folded-Clos network structure

In this paper, we study the net assignment problem for a logic emulation system in the folded-Clos network interconnection, also referred to as the "partial crossbar interconnection structure". Net assignment of two-terminal nets in this interconnection structure is guaranteed to be completed in polynomial time. However, net assignment of multiterminal nets becomes NP-complete. A previous paper by Butts et al. (1992) has proposed a simple heuristic to perform net assignment for multiterminal nets. Its results showed that it failed to complete routing of all nets for many cases. It is inadequate to have a net assignment algorithm which does not guarantee an exact solution, as the failure of interconnecting field programmable gate arrays (FPGA's) will result in the failure of mapping to the computing engine as a whole and will result in redoing the previous steps, e.g., partitioning of circuits. Therefore, we propose an exact algorithm to solve the net assignment problem. The exact algorithm will find a solution if one exists. However, the exact algorithm may take exponential time. Accordingly, a two-phase approach is taken in this paper. A time-efficient heuristic method is used first. The exact solver will be called only if the heuristic fails to deliver a solution.
Phylogenetic fields of species: cross-species patterns of phylogenetic structure and geographical coexistence

Differential coexistence among species underlies geographical patterns of biodiversity. Understanding such patterns has relied either on ecological or historical approaches applied separately. Recently, macroecology and community phylogenetics have tried to integrate both ecological and historical approaches. However, macroecology is mostly non-phylogenetic, whereas community phylogenetics is largely focused on local scales. Here, we propose a conceptual framework to link macroecology and community phylogenetics by exploring the evolutionary context of large-scale species coexistence, introducing the phylogenetic field concept. This is defined as the phylogenetic structure of species co-occurrence within a focal species' geographical range. We developed concepts and methods for analysing phylogenetic fields and applied them to study coexistence patterns of the bat family Phyllostomidae. Our analyses showed that phyllostomid bats coexist mostly with closely related species, revealing a north–south gradient from overdispersed to clustered phylogenetic fields. Patterns at different phylogenetic levels (i.e. all species versus close relatives only) presented the same gradient. Results support the tropical niche conservatism hypothesis, potentially mediated by higher speciation rates in the region of origin coupled with shared environmental preferences among species. The phylogenetic field approach enables species-based community phylogenetics, instead of those that are site-based, allowing the description of historical processes at more appropriate macroecological and biogeographic scales.
Optimal Control of Switched Hybrid Systems: A Brief Survey

This paper surveys recent results in the field of optimal control of hybrid and switched systems. We summarize recent results that use different problem formulations and then explore the underlying relations among them. Based on the types of switching, we focus on two important classes of problems: internally forced switching (IFS) problems and externally forced switching (EFS) problems. For IFS problems, we focus on the optimal control techniques for piecewise affine systems. For EFS problems, the optimal control of autonomous and non-autonomous switched systems are investigated. Optimization methods found in the literature are discussed.
Fleming’s penicillin producing strain is not Penicillium chrysogenum but P. rubens

Penicillium chrysogenum is a commonly occurring mould in indoor environments and foods, and has gained much attention for its use in the production of the antibiotic penicillin. Phylogenetic analysis of the most important penicillin producing P. chrysogenum isolates revealed the presence of two highly supported clades, and we show here that these two clades represent two species, P. chrysogenum and P. rubens. These species are phenotypically similar, but extrolite analysis shows that P. chrysogenum produces secalonic acid D and F and/or a metabolite related to lumpidin, while P. rubens does not produce these metabolites. Fleming’s original penicillin producing strain and the full genome sequenced strain of P. chrysogenum are re-identified as P. rubens. Furthermore, the well-known claim that Alexander Fleming misidentified the original penicillin producing strain as P. rubrum is discussed.
Processing Continuous k -Nearest Neighbor Queries in Location- Dependent Application

Summary A k nearest neighbor (k-NN) query retrieves k objects in a given objects set which are closest to the query point q. Processing continuous k-nearest neighbor (k-NN) query over moving objects in location-dependent application requires that the frequent location updates of moving objects and intensive continuous k-NN queries must be efficiently processed at the same time. In this paper, we propose a grid cell based continuous k-NN query processing method (CkNN). It utilizes a main memory grid index to store the location of moving objects. Efficient k-NN search algorithm and incremental query processing algorithm are designed in CkNN. CkNN minimizes the cost of continuous k-NN query processing by reducing most unnecessary checking on queries / moving objects and reusing data obtained during query processing as moor as possible. The comprehensive experimental evaluation shows that CkNN outperforms state-of-the-art continuous k-NN query processing approach in all problem settings.
Older adults' beliefs about physical activity and exercise: Life course influences and transitions

Using a life course perspective, we identified perceived events, transitions and trajectories in older adults' lives that contributed to and inhibited continuous participation in physical activities and exercise at three stages of their lives (ie, young adulthood, middle adulthood, late adulthood). In‐depth interviews with nine men and six women provided an understanding of how societal processes and opportunities, life course roles and transitions and individual meanings of physical exercise influenced the older adults' perceptions of and current participation in physical activity and exercise.
Making “What Works” Work: Examining Probation Officers’ Experiences Addressing the Criminogenic Needs of Juvenile Offenders

This study qualitatively explored frontline perspectives on the challenges of addressing youths’ criminogenic needs within a risk–need–responsivity (RNR)-based case management framework. Twenty-nine probation officers from Toronto, Canada participated in semistructured interviews. Emergent themes included the importance of targeting “high impact” criminogenic needs (needs that—when effectively addressed—also have an impact on other need domains in addition to a direct impact on criminogenic risk), the salience of specific responsivity factors in case management, the lack of evidence-based programming available to youth, and respondents’ uncertainty regarding their role in addressing criminogenic needs. Results highlight the need for research examining the interrelationship of criminogenic needs, specific responsivity factors, and educational outcomes of youth on probation. Findings also support recent initiatives that provide concrete training to probation officers around implementation of the need and responsivity principles in effective case management of justice-involved youth.
Procarbazine and high-dose tamoxifen as a second-line regimen in recurrent high-grade gliomas: a phase II study.

PURPOSE A phase II study was conducted in patients with high-grade gliomas that recurred after surgery plus radiotherapy and a first-line nitrosourea-based regimen. Our aim was to investigate the efficacy of procarbazine (PCB) combined with high-dose tamoxifen in relation to tumor control, toxicity, and time to progression (TTP). PATIENTS AND METHODS Fifty-three patients were treated with procarbazine in repeated 30-day courses at 100 mg/m2/d plus tamoxifen 100 mg/d, with a 30-day interval between courses. Thirty-four patients had been pretreated with a first-line nitrosourea-based chemotherapy regimen (group A), and 19 patients had also been pretreated with a second-line chemotherapy regimen consisting of carboplatin and teniposide (group B). Twenty-one of the patients had also been procarbazine pretreated, whereas the remaining 32 patients were not procarbazine pretreated. RESULTS The response was assessed in 51 patients, 28 of whom had glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) and 23 of whom had anaplastic astrocytoma (AA). There were two complete responses (CR) (4%) and 13 partial responses (PR) (25.5%). The overall response rate (CR + PR) was 29.5% (SE, 6.4; 95% confidence interval [CI], 23 to 35.8). Seventeen patients (32%) had stable disease (SE, 6.2; 95% CI, 21 to 33.6). The median TTP was 13 weeks for patients with GBM and 33 weeks for patients with AA (P = .006). The median survival time (MST) was 27 weeks for patients with GBM and 57 weeks for those with AA (P = .006). CONCLUSION Combined PCB and tamoxifen as a second-line regimen gave a reasonably high response rate in patients with heavily pretreated high-grade gliomas. However, although it resulted in an improvement in the patients' quality of life and/or performance status, it was not followed by an increased TTP or MST.
Double starbursts triggered by mergers in hierarchical clustering scenarios

We use cosmological smooth particle hydrodynamical (SPH) simulations to study the effects of mergers in the star formation history of galactic objects in hierarchical clustering scenarios. We find that during some merger events, gaseous discs can experience two starbursts: the first one during the orbital decay phase, owing to gas inflows driven as the satellite approaches, and the second one when the two baryonic clumps collide. A trend for these first induced starbursts to be more efficient at transforming the gas into stars is also found. We detect that systems that do not experience early gas inflows have well-formed stellar bulges and more concentrated potential wells, which seem to be responsible for preventing further gas inward transport triggered by tidal forces. The potential wells concentrate owing to the accumulation of baryons in the central regions and of dark matter as the result of the pulling in by baryons. The coupled evolution of the dark matter and baryons would lead to an evolutionary sequence during which systems with shallower total potential wells suffer early gas inflows during the orbital decay phase that help to feed their central mass concentration, pulling in dark matter and contributing to build up more stable systems. Within this scenario, starbursts triggered by early gas inflows are more likely to occur at early stages of evolution of the systems and to be an important contributor to the formation of stellar bulges. Our results constitute the first proof that bulges can form as the product of collapse, collisions and secular evolution in a cosmological framework, and they are consistent with a rejuvenation of the stellar population in bulges at intermediate z with, at least, 50 per cent of the stars (in SCDM) being formed at high z.