Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
International Journal of Women's Health Dovepress Epidemiology and Treatment of Osteoporosis in Women: an Indian Perspective

The number of women with osteoporosis, ie, with reduced bone mass and the disruption of bone architecture, is increasing in India. While data on prevalence of osteoporosis among women in India come from studies conducted in small groups spread across the country, estimates suggest that of the 230 million Indians expected to be over the age of 50 years in 2015, 20%, ie, ~46 million, are women with osteoporosis. Thus, osteoporosis is a major public health problem in Indian women. Low calcium intakes with extensive prevalence of vitamin D deficiency, increasing longevity, sex inequality, early menopause, genetic predisposition, lack of diagnostic facilities, and poor knowledge of bone health have contributed toward the high prevalence of osteoporosis. Bone health may be optimized by creating an environment to achieve peak bone mass during adolescence, maintenance of healthy bone throughout the life cycle, and prevention of bone loss postmenopausal. In Indian women, calcium, vitamin D, and bisphosphonates are the commonest first-line therapies used. The use of other drugs such as hormone replacement therapy, estrogen agonists, calcitonin, parathyroid hormone, and deno-sumab is decided as per the affordability and availability of treatment options. Major gaps still remain in the diagnosis and management of osteoporosis, thus highlighting the need for more structured research in this area. This review focuses on the epidemiology of osteoporosis in Indian women and available treatments.
FISCAL POLICY MULTIPLIERS IN AN RBC MODEL WITH LEARNING

Using the standard real business cycle model with lump-sum taxes, we analyze the impact of fiscal policy when agents form expectations using adaptive learning rather than rational expectations (RE). The output multipliers for government purchases are significantly higher under learning, and fall within empirical bounds reported in the literature, which is in sharp contrast to the implausibly low values under RE. Positive effects of fiscal policy are demonstrated during times of economic stress like the recent Great Recession. Finally, it is shown how learning can lead to consumption and investment dynamics empirically documented during some episodes of “fiscal consolidations. ”
A Bayesian Framework for Target Tracking in Sensor Networks

The work described in this paper presents a framework to track a moving target in sensor networks. The framework employs a method based on Bayesian classification to calculate the detection probabilities and proposes a tracking algorithm by defining the moving scope of a target, where the sensors have the higher values of detection probabilities. Experiment results show this scheme is effective.
BCPP: An Intelligent Prediction System of Breast Cancer Prognosis Using Microarray and Clinical Data

Background: The diagnosis of cancer in most cases depends on a complex combination of clinical and histopathological data. Because of this complexity, there exists a significant amount of interest among clinical professionals and researchers regarding the efficient and accurate prediction of breast cancers. Results: In this paper, we develop a breast cancer prognosis predict system that can assist medical professionals in predicting breast cancer prognosis status based on the clinical data of patients. Our approaches include three steps. Firstly, we select genes based on statistics methodologies. Secondly, we develop three artificial neural network algorithms and four kernel functions of support vector machine for classifying breast cancers based on either clinical features or microarray gene expression data. The results are extremely good; both ANN and SVM have near perfect performance (99 – 100%) for either clinical or microarray data. Finally, we develop a user-friendly breast cancer prognosis predict (BCPP) system that generates prediction results using either support vector machine (SVM) or artificial neural network (ANN) techniques. Conclusions: Our approaches are effective in predicting the prognosis of a patient because of the very high accuracy of the results. The BCPP system developed in this study is a novel approach that can be used in the classification of breast cancer.
Automated system adjustment criterion for sinusoidal input signal

The paper presents a PWM control system of a sinusoidal voltage as output of a single-phase inverter with resistive load and LC low-pass filter. First the PWM control for a sinusoidal voltage and the control loop optimization via modulus criterion for step input signal are discussed, further analyzing the stationary error for a sinusoidal signal. This error can be reduced to zero by introducing a resonant element in the control loop. A new method of introducing a resonant element is proposed, such that the open loop transfer function of the system equals the transfer function derived from the modulus criterion multiplied by a resonant element and added by one or two compensating zeros. The presented method is confirmed by simulation results.
Assessment of Angiographic Vascularity of Meningiomas with Dynamic Susceptibility Contrast-Enhanced Perfusion-Weighted Imaging and Diffusion Tensor Imaging

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: The roles of DTI and dynamic susceptibility contrast-enhanced–PWI in predicting the angiographic vascularity of meningiomas have not been studied. We aimed to investigate if these 2 techniques could reflect the angiographic vascularity of meningiomas. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Thirty-two consecutive patients with meningiomas who had preoperative dynamic susceptibility contrast-enhanced–PWI, DTI, and conventional angiography were retrospectively included. The correlations between angiographic vascularity of meningiomas, classified with a 4-point grading scale, and the clinical or imaging variables—age and sex of patient, as well as size, CBV, fractional anisotropy, and ADC of meningiomas—were analyzed. The meningiomas were dichotomized into high-vascularity and low-vascularity groups. The differences in clinical and imaging variables between the 2 groups were compared. Receiver operating characteristic curve analysis was used to determine the diagnostic performance of these variables. RESULTS: In meningiomas, angiographic vascularity correlated positively with CBV but negatively with fractional anisotropy. High-vascularity meningiomas demonstrated significantly higher CBV but lower fractional anisotropy as compared with low-vascularity meningiomas. In differentiating between the 2 groups, the area under the curve values were 0.991 for CBV and 0.934 for fractional anisotropy on receiver operating characteristic curve analysis. CONCLUSIONS: CBV and fractional anisotropy correlate well with angiographic vascularity of meningiomas. They may differentiate between low-vascularity and high-vascularity meningiomas.
Children Comply with a Robot’s Indirect Requests

Compliance studies in human-robot interaction (HRI) tend to consist of direct requests from the robot to the human. It is suggested that indirect requests are considered more polite, which has been positively correlated with learning gains. An experiment is conducted to explore compliance with indirect robot requests in teaching interactions. A comparison is made across embodiment conditions, but no significant differences are found. Overall, children comply with the robot’s requests, which is used to support the hypothesis that given a well-defined context, children will infer the indirect meaning of a suggestion from a robot.Categories and Subject DescriptorsH.1. 2 [Models and Principles]: User/Machine SystemsGeneral TermsExperimentation, Human Factors, Theory
Stress echocardiography: time for critical reappraisal.

Stress echocardiography combines cardiovascular stress with cross sectional echocardiography to detect ischaemia-induced wall motion abnormalities. It has been progressively developed for the evaluation of coronary artery disease since the first clinical description in 1979.1 Enthusiasm for the technique has grown for three reasons. First, echocardiography images myocardium, which makes it ideal for non-invasive assessment of global and regional ventricular function. Second, exercise electrocardiography has well-known limitations, including low sensitivity in single vessel disease, not infrequent false positives, equivocal results especially in patients with abnormal control ST segments, and unsuitability in those unable to exercise adequately. Last, low cost and freedom from radiation are important advantages of stress echocardiography. Myocardial ischaemia is accompanied by characteristic mechanical, electrical, and perfusional abnormalities each of which has been used to detect coronary artery disease. The use of transient regional asynergy as a marker for ischaemia evolved after it was found that coronary artery ligation in animals produced a localised abnormality of myocardial contraction.2 Subsequent experimental3 and clinical4 studies confirmed that regional asynergy after the induction of ischaemia tends to precede electrocardiographic changes. This suggests that wall motion analysis may yield a more sensitive end point than ST segment shift. The natural history of diagnostic tests is plagued by initial optimism and consequent reporting bias. Many do not withstand the test of time. So after 14 years of experience and with improvements in image quality, acquisition, and display what place is there for stress echocardiography in routine practice?
Involvement of cAMP/cAMP-Dependent Protein Kinase Signaling Pathway in Regulation of Na+,K+-ATPase upon Activation of Opioid Receptors by Morphine

The depolarization of neurons induced by impairment of Na+,K+-ATPase activity after long-term opiate treatment has been shown to involve the development of opioid dependence. However, the mechanisms underlying changes in Na+,K+-ATPase activity after opioid treatment are unclear. The best-established molecular adaptation to long-term opioid exposure is up-regulation of the cAMP/cAMP-dependent protein kinase (PKA) signaling pathway; this study, therefore, was undertaken to investigate the role of up-regulation of cAMP/PKA signaling pathway in alteration of the mouse hippocampal Na+,K+-ATPase activity. The results demonstrated that short-term morphine treatment dose dependently stimulated Na+,K+-ATPase activity. This action could be significantly suppressed by adenylyl cyclase activator 7β-acetoxy-8,13-epoxy-1α,6β,9α-trihydroxylabd-14-en-11-one (forskolin), or the cAMP analog dibutyryl-cAMP. Contrary to short-term morphine treatment, long-term treatment significantly inhibited Na+,K+-ATPase activity. Moreover, an additional decrease in Na+,K+-ATPase activity was observed by naloxone precipitation. The effects of both short- and long-term morphine treatment on Na+,K+-ATPase activity were naltrexone-reversible. The regulation of Na+,K+-ATPase activity by morphine was inversely correlated with intracellular cAMP accumulation. N-[2-(4-Bromocinnamylamino)ethyl]-5-isoquinoline (H89), a specific PKA inhibitor, mimicked the stimulatory effect of short-term morphine but antagonized the inhibitory effect of long-term morphine treatment on Na+,K+-ATPase activity. However, okadaic acid, a protein phosphatase inhibitor, suppressed short-term morphine stimulation but potentiated long-term morphine inhibition of Na+,K+-ATPase activity. The regulation of Na+,K+-ATPase activity by morphine treatment seemed to associate with the alteration in phosphorylation level but not to be relevant to the change in abundance of Na+,K+-ATPase. These findings strongly demonstrate that cAMP/PKA signaling pathway involves regulation of Na+,K+-ATPase activity after activation of opioid receptors.
Neuronal growth cones.

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Human Cytomegalovirus Blocks Tumor Necrosis Factor Alpha- and Interleukin-1β-Mediated NF-κB Signaling

ABSTRACT NF-κB plays an important role in the early cellular response to pathogens by activating genes involved in inflammation, immune response, and cell proliferation and survival. NF-κB is also utilized by many viral pathogens, like human cytomegalovirus (HCMV), to activate their own gene expression programs, reflecting intricate roles for NF-κB in both antiviral defense mechanisms and viral physiology. Here we show that the NF-κB signaling pathway stimulated by proinflammatory cytokines tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) and interleukin-1β (IL-1β) becomes inhibited in HCMV-infected cells. The block to NF-κB signaling is first noticeable during the early phase of infection but is fully established only at later times. Biochemical and genetic evidence demonstrates that the viral inhibition of proinflammatory signaling by distinct cytokines occurs upstream of the convergence point of NF-κB-activating pathways, i.e., the IκB kinase complex, and that it is mediated via different mechanisms. Consistent with this, we further show that an HCMV variant that has lost the ability to downregulate TNF-α-induced NF-κB signaling also fails to downregulate surface expression of TNF receptor 1, thereby mechanistically linking the inhibition of TNF-α-induced NF-κB signaling by HCMV to TNF receptor targeting. Our data support a model whereby HCMV inhibits cytokine-induced NF-κB signaling at later times during infection, and we suggest that this contributes to the inhibition of the cell's antiviral defense program.
Use of storybook reading to increase print awareness in at-risk children.

This study evaluated the impact of participation in book-reading sessions with a print focus on print awareness in preschool children from low- income households. A book-reading intervention was conducted for 30 children enrolled in Head Start. Children were matched on chronological age and then randomly placed into an experimental or control group. Pretest measures of children's print awareness were administered. Subsequently, children in both groups participated in 24 small-group reading sessions over an 8-week period. Children in the experimental group participated in shared reading sessions that included a print focus. As an alternate condition, control-group children participated in shared reading sessions with a picture focus. Posttesting indicated that children who participated in print- focus reading sessions outperformed their control- group peers on three measures of print awareness (Words in Print, Print Recognition, and Alphabet Knowledge) and in terms of overall performance. Clinical implicat.
Design and verification of drivability improving control for the EcoCAR 2 hybrid electric vehicle

Drivability is used to describe the comfort of driving a vehicle under a wide variety of operation conditions like tip-in and tip-out and gear shifting. While the above description of drivability is subjective in nature, automotive companies evaluate the drivability of their vehicle quantitatively using several metrics based on testing. This paper concentrates on the tip-in and tip-out acceleration response part of drivability evaluation and proposes a control architecture consisting of an input shaping feedforward control filter and a feedback controller around an inner disturbance observer loop. A validated model of the Ohio State University EcoCAR 2 hybrid electric vehicle is used in this paper. The proposed controller is tested in both simulations and in experimental road tests and is shown to improve the drive quality of the vehicle significantly.
The interface of school climate and school connectedness and relationships with aggression and victimization.

This paper examines how school connectedness and school climate work together to influence students, and whether the relationship between connectedness and climate reveal information about the interaction of social context and the individual. School connectedness generally includes the sense of attachment and commitment a student feels as a result of perceived caring from teachers and peers. School attachment is often one of several indices included when measuring school climate. Further, comparisons of research on climate and connectedness reveal coinciding external associations and dimensions of school climate highly correlated with connectedness. This paper summarizes analyses of data from the Safe Communities-Safe Schools initiative, comparing effects of connectedness and climate on measures of aggression and victimization. Analysis of the results of this study demonstrated that even a positive school climate does not always reduce the likelihood of perpetration of aggression and victimization. Likewise, a negative school climate does not necessarily increase that risk. Despite variations in climate, the amount of connectedness experienced by the average student appears to consistently contribute to predicting his likelihood of aggression and victimization. Language: en
Mimicking human texture classification

In an attempt to mimic human (colorful) texture classification by a clustering algorithm three lines of research have been encountered, in which as test set 180 texture images (both their color and gray-scale equivalent) were drawn from the OuTex and VisTex databases. First, a k-means algorithm was applied with three feature vectors, based on color/gray values, four texture features, and their combination. Second, 18 participants clustered the images using a newly developed card sorting program. The mutual agreement between the participants was 57% and 56% and between the algorithm and the participants it was 47% and 45%, for respectively color and gray-scale texture images. Third, in a benchmark, 30 participants judged the algorithms' clusters with gray-scale textures as more homogeneous then those with colored textures. However, a high interpersonal variability was present for both the color and the gray-scale clusters. So, despite the promising results, it is questionable whether average human texture classification can be mimicked (if it exists at all).
Regulation of GLUT3 and glucose uptake by the cAMP signalling pathway in the breast cancer cell line ZR‐75

Increased glucose uptake as a principal energy source is a requirement for the continued survival of tumour cells. Facilitative glucose transporter‐1 (GLUT1) and ‐3 (GLUT3) have been previously shown to be present and regulated in breast cancer cells and are associated with poor patient prognosis. In cancer cells, the cAMP secondary messenger pathway is known to potentiate described glucose transporter activators and regulate cell fate. However, no regulation of the glucose transporters in breast cancer cells by cAMP has previously been examined. Herein, we determined in the well‐characterized breast cancer cell line ZR‐75, if the cAMP analogue 8‐br‐cAMP was capable of regulating GLUT1 and GLUT3 expression and thus glucose uptake. We demonstrated that 8‐br‐cAMP transiently up‐regulates GLUT3 mRNA levels. The use of actinomycin‐D and the cloning of 1,200 bp upstream of the human GLUT3 promoter demonstrated that this regulation was transcriptional. Immunocytochemistry and Western blotting confirmed that the increase in mRNA was reflected by an increase in protein levels. No notable regulation of GLUT1 in the presence of 8‐br‐cAMP was detected. Finally, we determined using the non‐metabolizable glucose analogue 2‐DOG if this up‐regulation in GLUT3 increased glucose uptake. We observed the presence of two uptake components, one corresponding to the Km of GLUT1/4 and the other to GLUT3. A doubling in the uptake velocity was observed only at the Km corresponding to GLUT3. In conclusion, we demonstrate and characterize for the first time, an up‐regulation of GLUT3 mRNA, protein and glucose uptake by the cAMP pathway in breast cancer cells. J. Cell. Physiol. 214:110–116, 2008. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Maternal fatty acids in pregnancy, FADS polymorphisms, and child intelligence quotient at 8 y of age.

BACKGROUND Brain tissue is selectively enriched with highly unsaturated fatty acids (FAs). Altering the maternal FA status in pregnancy may improve fetal neural development with lasting consequences for child development. OBJECTIVE We explored whether maternal FAs in erythrocytes, either measured directly or indirectly by maternal FADS genetic variants, are associated with child intelligence quotient (IQ). DESIGN Linear regression analyses, adjusted for 18 confounders, were used to investigate the associations in 2839 mother-child pairs from the population-based Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children cohort. RESULTS Low levels of arachidonic acid (20:4n-6) were associated with lower performance IQ (-2.0 points; 95% CI: -3.5, -0.6 points; P = 0.007, increased R² = 0.27%), high levels of osbond acid (22:5n-6) were associated with verbal IQ (-1.8 points; 95% CI: -3.2, -0.4 points; P = 0.014, R² = 0.20%), and high levels of adrenic acid (22:4n-6) were associated with verbal IQ (-1.7 points; 95% CI:-3.1, -0.3 points; P = 0.016, R² = 0.19%). There was some evidence to support a negative association of low docosahexaenoic acid (DHA; 22:6n-3) with full-scale IQ (R² = 0.15%). Novel weak associations were also observed for low levels of osbond acid (R² ≤ 0.29%) and FADS variants with opposite effects for intron variants and variants in the promoter region such as rs3834458 (R² ≤ 0.38%). CONCLUSIONS These results support the positive role of maternal arachidonic acid and DHA on fetal neural development, although the effects on child IQ by 8 y of age were small (0.1 SD), with other factors contributing more substantially. The endogenous synthesis of these FAs by FADS genes, especially FADS2, may also be important. The replication of these results is recommended.
Diagnostics of fungal infections in the Nordic countries: We still need to improve!

A Nordic External Quality Assessment programme in medical mycology was established in 2005. In order to monitor not ‘best practice’ but the level of routine diagnostics, specimens were designed to resemble clinical samples and laboratories were asked to handle the samples like routine samples. Five simulated clinical samples were distributed to 59 participating Nordic laboratories of clinical microbiology. The specimens contained the following microorganisms: 1) Candida glabrata and C. albicans in a ratio of 1:20; 2) Cryptococcus neoformans; 3) Aspergillus fumigatus, C. albicans and Enterobacter cloacae; 4) C. tropicalis, Klebsiella pneumonia and Enterococcus faecium; 5) None. 66% of the laboratories failed to detect the C. glabrata isolate in sample no. 1. 34% of the laboratories reporting susceptibility results incorrectly reported the Cryptococcus neoformans isolate as fluconazole susceptible. 24% of the laboratories failed to detect Aspergillus fumigatus in specimen no. 3 despite the accompanying clinical information notifying that it was a BAL sample from a neutropenic patient in an ICU. In conclusion, this distribution of simulated clinical samples illustrates that the traditional quality assessment programmes may give a false sense of satisfactory performance, that mycological diagnosis is difficult, and that there is a need of further improvement and attention.