Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Building small user-friendly boolean circuits

In this paper, we introduce RockEngine Generic Privacy builder, a Boolean circuit compiler meant to be part of the RockEngine Generic Privacy Engine developed by Rockchain.org. The RockEngine Generic Privacy builder is a complete garbled circuit generator that will be used in particular on the public network of Rockchain.org to perform Secure Function Evaluation on private dAppBoxes nodes. The RockEngine Generic Privacy builder aims at being simple to use while providing performances comparable to state-of-the-art compilers which are currently developed for research purposes. It will be completed by other applications to perform garbling or execution of the system. Nonetheless, the RockEngine Generic Privacy has not been created to be used solely inside Rockchain’s distributed infrastructure. It provides various features, and the circuits produced could easily be used by any developer, scientist or researcher. Its scripting language simplicity and genericity (JavaScript) abstracts all the difficulties of secured multipart computation circuits’ designs away.
Nonprofits and evaluation: Empirical evidence from the field

The authors explore what evaluation looks like, in practice, among today's nonprofit organizations on the basis of their survey results. The types of evaluation activities nonprofit organizations are engaging in on a regular basis, as well as the types of data they are collecting and how they are using these data, are described. How nonprofits think about evaluation and a three‐pronged typology, based on a factor analysis of the survey data, is presented. This analysis shows that nonprofit organizations tend to think about evaluation in three distinct ways: as a resource drain and distraction; as an external, promotional tool; and as a strategic management tool. The authors recommend how funders, evaluators, and nonprofit managers can change the way they think about evaluation and build upon the way they currently use evaluation to maximize its potential. © Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
A 521-bit dual-field elliptic curve cryptographic processor with power analysis resistance

Recently, several hardware implementations for elliptic curve cryptography have been proposed but few of them considered the dual-field functions, real-time requirement, hardware efficiency, and power analysis resistance as a whole. In this paper, a new unified division algorithm and a free pre-computation scheme are introduced to accelerate the GF(p)/GF(2n) elliptic curve arithmetic functions. The overall hardware is optimized by a very compact Galois field arithmetic unit with the fully pipelined technique. Moreover, a key-blinded technique with regular calculation is designed against the power analysis attacks without degrading clock speed. After fabricated in 90nm CMOS 1P9M process, our ECC processor occupied 0.55mm2 can perform the scalar multiplication in 19.2ms over GF(p521) and 8.2ms over GF(2409), respectively.
Peer Mentoring: The Students' Perspective

Although it has been demonstrated that mentoring can be important for first-year students there has been, to date, relatively little published on the perceptions of peer mentoring by mentees. This report assessed students' views on how they utilised the mentoring process and what structure they feel would be most appropriate. Research has consistently shown that such schemes have beneficial effects for not only both participants but also the university itself. With the increased attention on issues of retention, the experience of first-year students was the particular focus of this report. The majority of students communicated via email, texts or phone calls. The academic related topics that the students most frequently discussed appeared to be issues relating to lecture notes, essay planning and essay writing. By contrast, a third of the students discussed socialising, talked about finding their way around the university campus and talked about adjusting to living away from their family home. The majority of students agreed that they would prefer an online forum where they could meet fellow students. When asked if they would prefer to select their mentor, as opposed to a randomised process of allocation, less than a fifth of respondents expressed a preference for selection. This report suggests that provision of an online forum along with random allocation of mentors to mentees could provide an acceptable, efficient and cost-effective means to provide such a scheme.
Delay-Minimum Energy-Aware Routing Protocol (DERP) for Wireless Sensor Networks

In recent years, wireless sensor networks (WSNs) have been an interesting and important research area. Many routing protocols for WSNs have been designed to achieve high energy-efficiency, high reliability, low overhead, etc. However, few routing protocols for WSNs were designed to minimize the communication delay, which is one of the most important requirements for applications of WSNs, such as real-time surveillance systems. In this paper, a novel routing protocol for WSNs coined delay-minimum energy-aware routing protocol (DERP) is proposed for guaranteeing real-time communication. Additionally, energy-efficiency that prolongs the network lifetime is fully considered. Performance analyses and simulation results show that the DERP has much better performance than directed diffusion [2] and rumor routing [5] in terms of both communication delay and network lifetime.
Translation regulation of integrons gene cassette expression by the attC sites

Integron are genetic elements able to carry, capture and shuffle the genes embedded in gene cassettes. The attC recombination sites adopt a stable secondary structure when single‐stranded that is necessary for their recombination. In this study, we evaluated the impact of the structure of the attC site on expression of the 3′ gene in class 1 integrons. This was analysed by substituting the attC of the blaIMP‐8 gene cassette with various mutated attC sites spanning a wide range of sizes and secondary structures, and measuring the integron‐dependent translation of the 3′aac(6′)‐Ib7 gene. In the resulting constructs, the 5′‐attC site differentially affected the expression of the aac(6′)‐Ib7 gene. Contrary to what was expected from their proposed role as Rho‐independent transcription terminators, the transcription of the aac(6′)‐Ib7 gene was not affected by the various attC sites. Mutations of natural sites revealed that destabilization of the potential stem‐loop structure of the attC site in the transcript could enhance the expression of the 3′ gene. In particular, the presence of a translated open reading frame was shown to increase translation of the 3′ gene. These findings might be explained by the capacity of the stem‐loop structures to impede ribosome progression.
Flocculation, adhesion and biofilm formation in yeasts

Yeast cells possess a remarkable capacity to adhere to abiotic surfaces, cells and tissues. These adhesion properties are of medical and industrial relevance. Pathogenic yeasts such as Candida albicans and Candida glabrata adhere to medical devices and form drug‐resistant biofilms. In contrast, cell–cell adhesion (flocculation) is a desirable property of industrial Saccharomyces cerevisiae strains that allows the easy separation of cells from the fermentation product. Adhesion is conferred by a class of special cell wall proteins, called adhesins. Cells carry several different adhesins, each allowing adhesion to specific substrates. Several signalling cascades including the Ras/cAMP/PKA and MAP kinase (MAPK)‐dependent filamentous growth pathways tightly control synthesis of the different adhesins. Together, these pathways trigger adhesion in response to stress, nutrient limitation or small molecules produced by the host, such as auxin in plants or NAD in mammals. In addition, adhesins are subject to subtelomeric epigenetic switching, resulting in stochastic expression patterns. Internal tandem repeats within adhesin genes trigger recombination events and the formation of novel adhesins, thereby offering fungi an endless reservoir of adhesion properties. These aspects of fungal adhesion exemplify the impressive phenotypic plasticity of yeasts, allowing them to adapt quickly to stressful environments and exploit new opportunities.
The politics of disability and access: the Sydney 2000 Games experience

The article examines disability and access issues surrounding the Sydney 2000 Olympic and Paralympic Games. Central to this is an examination of the involvement of the Australian community of people with disabilities [1] within the Games. The Sydney Paralympic Games, in particular, was seen as a possible watershed event for developing accessible infrastructure, and raising awareness of disability and access issues. This paper draws on the official documents of the Games, newspaper accounts and disability organisation reports. The article first examines the major bodies charged with organising the Games, and the planning processes used to incorporate disability and access issues. It then examines a range of critical issues and their relationships with the disability community. Finally, the article provides an analysis of any likely legacies that the 2000 Games may have for Sydney's community of people with disabilities.
Simulated Method of Moments Estimation for Copula-Based Multivariate Models

This article considers the estimation of the parameters of a copula via a simulated method of moments (MM) type approach. This approach is attractive when the likelihood of the copula model is not known in closed form, or when the researcher has a set of dependence measures or other functionals of the copula that are of particular interest. The proposed approach naturally also nests MM and generalized method of moments estimators. Drawing on results for simulation-based estimation and on recent work in empirical copula process theory, we show the consistency and asymptotic normality of the proposed estimator, and obtain a simple test of overidentifying restrictions as a specification test. The results apply to both iid and time series data. We analyze the finite-sample behavior of these estimators in an extensive simulation study. We apply the model to a group of seven financial stock returns and find evidence of statistically significant tail dependence, and mild evidence that the dependence between these assets is stronger in crashes than booms. Supplementary materials for this article are available online.
Nuclearity and split for thermal quantum field theories

We review the heuristic arguments suggesting that any thermal quantum field theory, which can be interpreted as a quantum statistical mechanics of (interacting) relativistic particles, obeys certain restrictions on its number of local degrees of freedom. As in the vacuum representation, these restrictions can be expressed by a `nuclearity condition'. If a model satisfies this nuclearity condition, then the net of von Neumann algebras representing the local observables in the thermal representation has the split property.
Tourism Enterprises as Buyers of Knowledge-Intensive Business Services

This article is an attempt to assess the business relations between the tourism sector and suppliers of various types of business services. It focuses on knowledge-intensive business services (KIBS). The reasons why tourism businesses purchase outsourced services are also discussed. An Internet survey was conducted and the results were used to calculate and discuss a number of indices. Cross-tabulation statistics are used to assess the interrelation between types of tourist firms, their localization and size, and the types and number of services they use. The largest numbers of KIBS used by the Polish tourism sector are from the accounting, IT, and advertising sectors, whereas the smallest relate to research and experimental development in the social sciences and humanities. This article fills a gap in the knowledge about usage of KIBS services by the tourism sector at the national level.
Faster FPGA Routing Solution using DNA Computing

— There are many classical algorithms for finding routing in FPGA. But Using DNA computing we can solve the routes efficiently and fast. The run time complexity of DNA algorithms is much less than other classical algorithms which are used for solving routing in FPGA. The research in DNA computing is in a primary level. High information density of DNA molecules and massive parallelism involved in the DNA reactions make DNA computing a powerful tool. It has been proved by many research accomplishments that any procedure that can be programmed in a silicon computer can be realized as a DNA computing procedure. In this paper we have proposed two tier approaches for the FPGA routing solution. First, geometric FPGA detailed routing task is solved by transforming it into a Boolean satisfiability equation with the property that any assignment of input variables that satisfies the equation specifies a valid routing. Satisfying assignment for particular route will result in a valid routing and absence of a satisfying assignment implies that the layout is un-routable. In second step, DNA search algorithm is applied on this Boolean equation for solving routing alternatives utilizing the properties of DNA computation. The simulated results are satisfactory and give the indication of applicability of DNA computing for solving the FPGA Routing problem.
Iris Recognition Methods - Survey

The premise is that a biometric is a measurable physical characteristic which are reliable than passwords. Iris biometry is used to recognize an individual in a natural and intuitive way. Secure communications and mobile commerce are some of the application areas. Iris based security applications thrive on infrared cameras and video cameras for logins and transaction authentications. Accuracy, algorithm speed and template size are attributes that are important for large-scale identity programs and national database applications. In this paper, different iris recognition methods which aid an appropriate outlook for future work to build integrated classifier on latest input devices for excellent business transactions are discussed. Benchmark databases, products are also discussed. Since the area is currently one of the most on the go and the bulk of research is very large, this survey covers some of the significant methods.
Detection and Phylogenetic Analysis of Group 1 Coronaviruses in South American Bats

Bat coronaviruses (Bt-CoVs) are thought to be the precursors of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus. We detected Bt-CoVs in 2 bat species from Trinidad. Phylogenetic analysis of the RNA-dependent RNA polymerase gene and helicase confirmed them as group 1 coronaviruses.
PEER AND SELF REVIEW: A HOLISTIC EXAMINATION OF EFL LEARNERS' WRITING AND REVIEW PROCESS

This dissertation uses a mixed methods design to explore the process of EFL students’ writing and peer review, setting up a paradigm of peer compared to self review, with teacher support. The findings that surfaced were identified in themes, with the most overarching theme being that the value of peer review came not from the actual feedback that the peers gave each other, but rather from the collaborative process of peer review. Students who were actively engaged in peer review often did not take the exact advice given, but the process of exchanging feedback followed by face-to-face discussion prompted them to think of new ideas of their own that they incorporated into their revisions. The following findings are related to this major one. (1) Both the writing proficiency of the student writers and the understanding they have of the feedback given have a symbiotic relationship and greatly affect how they apply feedback. In this study, students at higher writing proficiencies tended to include some abstract feedback, but regardless of the students’ writing levels, their partners’ were able to make revisions at their own level of proficiency. (2) Both peer and self reviewing students made revisions based more on their own inspirations and ownership of ideas rather than on the exact advice exchanged between partners. Often, students developed and incorporated ideas that appeared to be generated from the peer feedback and discussion, pointing to the significance of peer collaboration and discussion in the writing process. (3) The final finding, although previous studies have suggested that non-native speakers’ tendency to give feedback on grammatical issues as a drawback, the in-depth examination here
Rapidly recomputable EEG forward models for realistic head shapes.

With the increasing availability of surface extraction techniques for magnetic resonance and x-ray computed tomography images, realistic head models can be readily generated as forward models in the analysis of electroencephalography (EEG) and magnetoencephalography (MEG) data. Inverse analysis of this data, however, requires that the forward model be computationally efficient. We propose two methods for approximating the EEG forward model using realistic head shapes. The 'sensor-fitted sphere' approach fits a multilayer sphere individually to each sensor, and the 'three-dimensional interpolation' scheme interpolates using a grid on which a numerical boundary element method (BEM) solution has been precomputed. We have characterized the performance of each method in terms of magnitude and subspace error metrics, as well as computational and memory requirements. We have also made direct performance comparisons with traditional spherical models. The approximation provided by the interpolative scheme had an accuracy nearly identical to full BEM, even within 3 mm of the inner skull surface. Forward model computation during inverse procedures was approximately 30 times faster than for a traditional three-shell spherical model. Cast in this framework, high-fidelity numerical solutions currently viewed as computationally prohibitive for solving the inverse problem (e.g. linear Galerkin BEM) can be rapidly recomputed in a highly efficient manner. The sensor-fitting method has a similar one-time cost to the BEM method, and while it produces some improvement over a standard three-shell sphere, its performance does not approach that of the interpolation method. In both methods, there is a one-time cost associated with precomputing the forward solution over a set of grid points.
In situ PL imaging toward real-time plating process control

Light induced plating (LIP) of front grid contacts is an industry-scalable potential alternative to silver paste, but LIP requires an additional patterning step to create openings in the silicon nitride (SiNx) antireflection coating (ARC) layer for metallization. One approach for patterning SiNx is masking and wet chemical etching. However, nitride etch rates can vary from cell to cell depending on the SiNx PECVD deposition parameters, previous processing steps, and etching solution usage and maintenance. Under-etching results in poor contact adhesion and over-etching results in undercutting and possible emitter damage. We demonstrate in situ real-time photoluminescence imaging (PLI) as a method to determine the point when SiNx has been fully removed. This method has the potential to be integrated into a commercial processing line to improve process control, uniformity, and repeatability.
Physical Assaults by Women Partners : A Major Social Problem

The first purpose of this chapter is to review research that shows that women initiate and carry out physical assaults on their partners as often as men do. A second purpose is to show that, despite the much lower probability of physical injury resulting from attacks by women, assaults by women are a serious social problem, just as it would be if men “only” slapped their wives or “only” slapped female fellow employees and produced no injury. One of the main reasons “minor” assaults by women are such an important problem is that they put women in danger of much more severe retaliation by men. They also help perpetuate the implicit cultural norms that make the marriage license a hitting license. It will be argued that, to end woman beating, it is essential for women also to end the seemingly harmless pattern of slapping, kicking, or throwing things at male partners who persist in some outrageous behavior and “won’t listen to reason. ” The chapter focuses exclusively on physical assaults, even though they are not necessarily the most damaging type of abuse. One can hurt a partner deeply--even drive the person to suicidewithout ever lifting a finger. Verbal aggression may be even more damaging than physical attacks (Vissing, Straw G&s, & Harrop, 1991). This chapter is concerned only with physical assaults becawe, with rare exception, the controversy has been about “violence”-that is physical assaults-by women partners.
Science in Society: Re-Evaluating the Deficit Model of Public Attitudes

The “deficit model” of public attitudes towards science has led to controversy over the role of scientific knowledge in explaining lay people’s attitudes towards science. In this paper we challenge the de facto orthodoxy that has connected the deficit model and contextualist perspectives with quantitative and qualitative research methods respectively. We simultaneously test hypotheses from both theoretical approaches using quantitative methodology. The results point to the clear importance of knowledge as a determinant of attitudes toward science. However, in contrast to the rather simplistic deficit model that has traditionally characterized discussions of this relationship, this analysis highlights the complex and interacting nature of the knowledge— attitude interface.
Customer service behavior in retail settings: A study of the effect of service provider personality

Researchers have suggested that service orientation is an aspect of personality that affects service performance. Four studies were done to explore the effect of personality on customer service behavior among frontline sales personnel in a fast-food convenience store chain. An exploratory qualitative study with customers, store managers, and salespeople showed that there was consistency in the trait descriptors used to describe superior service providers. Another study validated scales that measure the personality constructs (extroversion, adjustment, and agreeableness) underlying trait descriptors noted in the exploratory study. Finally, the results of two studies showed that personality does influence customer service and that superior service providers tend to be higher in extroversion and agreeableness. The magnitude of the effect of personality in services and recommendations for future research concerning personality and performance in service roles are discussed.
Conceptualising Social Capital in Relation to the Well-Being of Children and Young People: A Critical Review

This exploratory article forms the background for an empirical study for the Health Education Authority on children, young people, health, well-being and social capital. In terms of morbidity, children tend not to exhibit clear health problems, but obviously engage in activities that have important implications for their health and well-being (West & Sweeting, 1996), and these activities may be influenced by, as well as impact upon, children's social capital. Social capital is an elusive concept and has been defined in various ways, and refers to sociability, social networks and social support, trust, reciprocity, and community and civic engagement. The paper contrasts three interpretations of the concept, by Coleman (1988, 1990), Putnam (1993, 1995) and Bourdieu (1986). It concludes that the concept is currently poorly specified as it relates to children, and that the use of the term is inherently problematic, and needs to be carefully critiqued and empirically grounded before it can usefully be applied in social policy formulations. One possible way forward might be to conceptualise social capital not so much as a measurable ‘thing’, rather as a set of processes and practices that are integral to the acquisition of other forms of ‘capital’ such as human capital and cultural capital (ie qualifications, skills, group memberships, etc).