Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
TOWARD A “NEW ARCHITECTURE” FOR POM

The field of POM is steadily expanding its scope. This allows us to pursue interesting new fields of inquiry and makes us ever more relevant to the needs of practitioners. But it also increases the risk that over time our efforts will become fragmented and unfocused, causing us to slowly lose our sense of community and break up into separate camps. In this paper I ask, “What kind of new organizing framework, or ‘architecture,’ will allow us to maintain our sense of community as our interests diverge? ” I describe the experience of one academic organization that faced a similar problem several years ago and how the situation was resolved. This experience leads us to propose a possible solution to Pom's emerging problem: engage with real operations managers and focus our efforts on helping them deal with the actual problems they are facing in today's complex and fast‐changing world.
Heterogeneous preferences and new innovation cycles in mature industries: the amateur camera industry 1955-1974

This paper examines the amateur camera industry between 1955 and 1974. The case raises important issues for our understanding of the product lifecycle. First, an industry can experience more than one round of radical product and process innovation in its history. Second, there is not a strict sequence of product innovation followed by process innovation. Third, the existence of a dominant design depends on there being a relatively homogeneous set of consumers. Heterogeneous consumer preferences support different camera designs in two distinct market niches in the amateur camera industry. Fourth, new rounds of entry and exit, and new industry shake-outs can occur, with new, innovative entrants displacing old firms. Fifth, when the new firms are from developing countries, a shift in global production occurs. The success of new Japanese entrants in this period lay in their being more successful innovators, not in their exploiting wage/cost advantages. Copyright 2005, Oxford University Press.
FingerPRINTScan: intelligent searching of the PRINTS motif database

MOTIVATION By identifying an unknown gene or protein as a member of a known family, we can infer a wealth of previously compiled information pertinent to that family and its members. RESULTS This paper introduces a method that classifies sequences using familial definitions from the PRINTS database, allowing progress to be made with the identification of distant evolutionary relationships. The approach makes use of the contextual information inherent in a multiple-motif method, and has the power to identify hitherto unidentified relationships in mass genome data. We exemplify our method by a comparison of database searches with uncharacterized sequences from the Caenorhabditis elegans and Saccharomyces cerevisiae genome projects. This analysis tool combines a simple, user-friendly interface with the capacity to provide an 'intelligent', biologically relevant result.
Design of a w-band monopulse comparator based on E- and H-plane waveguide couplers

In this paper, we present the design of a W-band waveguide monopulse comparator based on E- and H-plane couplers. E- and H-plane couplers are of 180-degree 3-dB type and consisted of a coupling section and dielectric-slab phase delayer. A monopulse comparator is realized using two E- and two H-plane couplers in tandem. The designed comparator shows amplitude balance within ±0.5 dB and phase balance within +4/−8 degrees, reflection coefficient less than −15 dB and isolation greater than 20 dB at 90–98 GHz.
The political economy of the agricultural policy of industrial countries

The agricultural policies of industrial countries bring financial strain to their economic welfare. This paper argues that the problem results from the conflict between social attitudes which abhor change and an economic system and agricultural technology which is constantly changing. Within the boundaries defined by these forces, agricultural press ure groups, bureaucrats, and politicians have considerable freedom to maneuver, and their interaction typically leads to increasing amounts and complexity of farm support. This outcome results not just from equilibrium in the political market place, but also from the "process" by which decisions on agriculture (and other issues) are taken. Copyright 1987 by Oxford University Press.
213Bi‐radioimmunotherapy defeats early‐stage disseminated gastric cancer in nude mice

The α‐emitter 213Bi is characterized by a high relative biological effectiveness. 213Bi‐immunoconjugates targeting tumor‐specific d9‐E‐cadherin have been proven to effectively kill tumor cells in a murine peritoneal carcinomatosis model. The aim of the present study was to optimize the efficacy of 213Bi‐radioimmunotherapy for disseminated gastric cancer in a mouse model of early‐ and advanced‐stage disease and to evaluate the long‐term toxicity of 213Bi‐immunoconjugates. For that purpose, nude mice were treated with different activities of 213Bi‐d9 monoclonal antibody (MAb) targeting d9‐E‐cadherin or unspecific 213Bi‐d8MAb at days 1 or 8 after inoculation of HSC45‐M2 gastric cancer cells expressing mutant d9‐E‐cadherin. Therapeutic efficacy was evaluated by monitoring survival for up to 300 days. Long‐term toxicity was evaluated by the survival of tumor‐free mice injected with 213Bi‐immunoconjugates, kidney function parameters and histopathological examination of kidneys. We showed that survival was significantly prolonged following treatment of mice with 213Bi‐immunoconjugates (0.37–22.2 MBq) at day 1 after tumor cell inoculation (P < 0.002). Therapy with 1.85 MBq of 213Bi‐d9MAb was most successful, defeating early‐stage disease in 87% of all cases. Treatment at day 8 after tumor cell inoculation was less efficient. Long‐term nephrotoxicity could only be observed following application of 22.2 MBq of 213Bi‐d9MAb, the highest activity applied in the therapy trials. As treatment with 1.85 MBq 213Bi‐d9MAb showed excellent therapeutic efficacy without any signs of acute or chronic toxicity, radioimmunotherapy with the α‐emitter 213Bi is a promising concept for treatment of early peritoneal carcinomatosis. (Cancer Sci 2007; 98: 1215–1222)
Macroeconomic Linkages and Regional Monetary Cooperation: Steps Ahead

There is a growing appetite for economic cooperation in East Asia. Although the region has forums to facilitate this, economic cooperation has focussed largely on discussion of issues and policies − cooperative action is confined to functional cooperation in finance. There is scope for further cooperation in strengthening markets and institutions, with a view to accelerating convergence and stability in the region and deepening shared preferences about policy objectives, including on monetary and exchange rate issues. Although monetary policy in East Asia is generally focussed on controlling inflation, differences remain in economic structure and preferences about policy trade‐offs, markets, and institutions.
China's Special Economic Zones at 30

Three Hong Kong-based geographers assess retrospectively the performance of special economic zones (SEZs) in China on the eve of the 30th anniversary of their founding. After exploring the general rationale and historical context for the launching of the SEZ concept, they devote considerable attention to the divergent development paths and outcomes of the five SEZs established in China during the 1980s. Of particular importance has been the differing specific roles assigned to the SEZs based on their internal characteristics as well as location relative to (and interactions with) areas of intense commercial activity (Hong Kong and Macao) subsequently coming under Chinese sovereignty. The paper concludes by viewing the past performance of the SEZs within the context of the gathering momentum of globalization that afforded entry for their export-oriented manufacturing activities into world markets, and explores some implications of the current worldwide financial crisis for their future. Journal of Economic Literature, Classification Numbers: O180, O200, P200, R120. 1 figure, 3 tables, 56 references.
ZVS–ZCS High Voltage Gain Integrated Boost Converter for DC Microgrid

A nonisolated soft-switched-integrated boost converter having high voltage gain is proposed for the module-integrated PV systems, fuel cells, and other low voltage energy sources. Here, a bidirectional boost converter is integrated with a resonant voltage quadrupler cell to obtain higher voltage gain. The auxiliary switch of the converter, which is connected to the output port acts as an active clamp circuit. Hence, zero voltage switching turn-on of the MOSFET switches are achieved. Coupled inductor's leakage energy is recycled to the output port through this auxiliary switch. In the proposed converter, all the diodes of the quadrupler cell are turned off with zero-current switching (ZCS). This considerably reduces the high-frequency turn-off losses and reverse recovery losses of the diodes. ZCS turn-off of the diodes also remove the diode voltage ringing caused due to the interaction of the parasitic capacitance of the diodes and the leakage inductance of the coupled inductor. Hence, to protect the diodes from the voltage spikes, snubbers are not required. The voltage stress on all the MOSFETs and diodes are lower. This helps to choose switches of low voltage rating (low RDS(ON)) and, thus improve the efficiency. Design and mathematical analysis of the proposed converter are made. A 250-W prototype of the converter is built to verify the performance.
Education and Improved Iron Intakes for Treatment of Mild Iron-Deficiency Anemia in Adolescent Girls in Southern Benin

Background To our knowledge, the impact of a nutrition education program combined with an increase in bioavailable dietary iron to treat iron-deficiency anemia has never been studied in adolescent girls. Objective To evaluate the impact of an intensive dietary program for the treatment of iron-deficiency anemia in 34 intervention and 34 control boarding-school girls aged 12 to 17 years from Benin. Methods A quasi-experimental design consisting of 4 weeks of nutrition education combined with an increase in the content and bioavailability of dietary iron for 22 weeks was implemented in the intervention school, but not in the control school. Data were obtained from both groups from a nutrition knowledge questionnaire, 24-hour dietary recalls, anthropometric measurements, measurement of iron status indices, and screening for malarial and intestinal parasitic infections. Results Nutrition knowledge scores and mean intakes of nutrients, including dietary iron, absorbable iron, and vitamin C, were significantly higher in the intervention group (p < .05) than in the control group after 26 weeks. Mean hemoglobin and serum ferritin values were also significantly higher in the intervention group than in the control group (122 vs. 112 g/L [p = .0002] and 32 vs. 19 μg/L [p = .04], respectively), whereas the prevalence of anemia (32% vs. 85% [p = .005] and iron-deficiency anemia (26% vs. 56% [p = .04]) was significantly lower in the intervention group than in the control group. No significant differences between the groups were observed in intestinal parasitic infections or malaria status postintervention. Conclusions A multidietary strategy aiming to improve available dietary iron can reduce iron-deficiency anemia in adolescent girls.
VC Dimension of Sigmoidal and General Pfaffian Networks

We introduce a new method for proving explicit upper bounds on the VC Dimension of general functional basis networks, and prove as an application, for the rst time, that the VC Dimension of analog neural networks with the sigmoidal activation function (y) = 1=1+e ? y is bounded by a quadratic polynomial O((lm) 2) in both the number l of programmable parameters, and the number m of nodes. The proof method of this paper generalizes to much wider class of Pfaaan activation functions and formulas, and gives also for the rst time polynomial bounds on their VC Dimension. We present also some other applications of our method.
An Improved ZVS PWM Three-Level Converter

This paper proposes an improved zero-voltage-switching pulse-width-modulation three-level converter (ZVS PWM TL converter), which is improved from the original ZVS PWM TL converter just by exchanging the position of the resonant inductor and the transformer, such that the transformer is connected with the lagging switches. The improved converter has several advantages over the original one, e.g., the clamping diodes conduct only once in a switching period, and the resonant inductor current is smaller in zero state, leading to a higher efficiency and reduced duty cycle loss. A blocking capacitor is usually introduced to the primary side to prevent the transformer from saturating, this paper analyzes the effects of the blocking capacitor in different positions, and a best scheme is determined. A 2.5-kW prototype converter verifies the effectiveness of the improved converter and the best scheme for the blocking capacitor
Increased nuchal translucency is associated with jugular lymphatic distension.

BACKGROUND Measurement of nuchal translucency (NT) is a widely used method of screening for chromosomal abnormalities. Increased NT is seen in a diversity of fetal malformations. The mechanism explaining the abnormal fluid accumulation and the transient nature of NT remains unexplained. METHODS The nuchal regions of normal and trisomy 16 mouse embryos were examined for (lympho)vascular abnormalities using immunohistochemical markers against lymphatic vessels (LYVE-1) and smooth muscle (1A4) and endothelial (CD34) cells. Additionally, an ultrasonographic study was carried out on 17 human fetuses with an increased NT. Two of these fetuses were examined morphologically. RESULTS In both abnormal human and mouse specimens, we found a mesenchyme lined cavity within the posterior nuchal region as well as bilaterally enlarged jugular LYVE-1 positive lymphatic sacs. The persistence of jugular lymphatic sacs was also confirmed by ultrasound in 14 human fetuses with increased NT. CONCLUSION Our findings identify the cause of increased NT as mesenchymal oedema in the presence of distended jugular lymphatic sacs, detected by the hyaluronan receptor LYVE-1. The delayed organization and connection of these lymphatic sacs to the venous circulation might explain the transient nature of NT. Disturbance in timing of endothelial differentiation might be a common denominator in the origin of NT, linking cardiovascular and haemodynamic abnormalities.
The Development of HRM Practices in Taiwan

Small and medium-sized, mostly family-owned, enterprises employ more than 60 per cent of paid employees in Taiwan; however, these enterprises traditionally do not have distinct human resource management functions. In contrast, state-owned and large-sized private enterprises have gradually established their human resource systems and learned HRM techniques from foreign-owned companies. The article first examines employment structure and labour market development in Taiwan, then evaluates employment legislation and the development of HRM functions, and finally identifies several major future challenges, such as employee participation and employment security.
An Experimental Investigation of Employer Discretion in Employee Performance Evaluation and Compensation

Employment relationships provide fertile ground for both employee and employer opportunism. Employers worry about whether employees will devote sufficient effort to work, and employees are concerned about whether employers will compensate them appropriately. In this paper, we examine whether employer discretion over the size of the total employee compensation pool and the allocation of this pool among employees influences employee and employer opportunism. The results of our experiment indicate that firm output and employees' compensation are greater when the employer does not have discretion over total employee compensation, but does have discretion over the allocation of total compensation. We find that the employer's residual profit increases with discretion over the allocation of compensation among employees; however, we find no effect on residual profit of the employer's discretion over the total amount of employee compensation. Our results suggest that firms benefit from a compensation contract that.
Effective Employee Discipline: A Case of the Internal Revenue Service

The role of employee discipline from a management, employee, and union perspective is examined using the Internal Revenue Service as a case study example. The concept of discipline is defined and contrasted with punishment. Also, two discipline models — progressive discipline and positive discipline — are compared and contrasted. A hybrid discipline model used at the Internal Revenue Service is discussed; the roles and responsibilities of management, the union, and the employee in the discipline process are included also. In particular, the roles of IRS managers and the National Treasury Employees Union (NTEU) are outlined. Results from the recently released IRS/NTEU National Equal Employment Opportunity Task Force Report are highlighted. Several discipline pitfalls are outlined including: cultural diversity issues, tolerance of poor performers, and lack of managerial training. To make the disciplinary process fairer and less stressful for managers and all employees, recommendations from the IRS/NTEU report are presented.
Virus and antibody dynamics in acute west nile virus infection.

BACKGROUND The dynamics of the early stages of West Nile virus (WNV) infection can be assessed by follow-up studies of viremic blood donors. METHODS A total of 245 donors with WNV viremia were followed up weekly for 4 weeks and then monthly for up to 6 additional months or until seroconversion. Plasma samples were tested for WNV RNA by transcription-mediated amplification (TMA) and for WNV-specific IgM and IgG antibodies. RNA persistence was investigated by 6 replicate TMA tests; samples that were viremic for >40 days were tested for WNV-neutralizing activity. Follow up of 35 additional viremic donors for up to 404 days was conducted to evaluate persistence of WNV-specific antibody. RESULTS The median time from RNA detection to IgM seroconversion was 3.9 days; to IgG seroconversion, 7.7 days; to RNA negativity by single-replicate TMA, 13.2 days; and to RNA negativity by 6-replicate TMA, 6.1 additional days after results of single-replicate TMA are negative. For 4 donors in whom RNA persisted for >40 days after the index donation, all samples obtained after this threshold were also positive for WNV IgG and neutralizing activity. The mean times to IgM and IgA negativity were 156 and 220 days, respectively. CONCLUSIONS IgM and IgG develop rapidly after viremia and before RNA levels become undetectable, which occurred a mean of 13.2 days after the index donation among donors in this study. WNV RNA detection by replicate TMA rarely persists for >40 days after the index donation and is accompanied by WNV-specific neutralizing antibody, consistent with an absence of WNV transmission via transfusion of seropositive blood components.
Multi-Stakeholder Governance and Voluntary Programme Interactions: Legitimation Politics in the Institutional Design of Corporate Social Responsibility

A variety of innovative institutional forms have emerged within the context of voluntary attempts to address pressing social and environmental issues. Among such institutions, the prevailing wisdom is that those characterized as encompassing multi-stakeholder -governance are generally seen as having greater legitimacy than other forms of voluntary action, and such institutions have proliferated as a result. At the same time, business-driven programs that exclude societal stakeholder groups are believed to be increasingly emerging as competitors to multi-stakeholder-governed programs. This paper explores the relationship between these two trends and, in particular, highlights the potential for competition between multi-stakeholder and business-driven programs to lead to a diverse range of outcomes which are shaped by legitimation politics. This perspective emphasizes the open-ended and contingent nature of voluntary program interactions, and the importance of strategy and choice of voluntary programs and their participants in shaping the institutional design of programs. Drawing upon a review of prior research and an in-depth case study of business-driven voluntary programs within the European multi-product retail industry, the study shows that one key implication of legitimation politicking is a divergence between the surface appearance of the governance of programs and the programs’ actual institutional design.
Typography for mobile phone devices: the design of the QUALCOMM sans font family

In September 2004 Punchcut worked with QUALCOMM to develop a typographic strategy with respect to QUALCOMM's custom user interfaces within its mobile operating system and applications. The strategy's first tangible expression was the design of a custom family of sans serif fonts to be used in current and future QUALCOMM mobile user interfaces.The four month project entailed assessing the impact of mobile devices on digital typography, identifying key requirements that would guide the design and application of QUALCOMM's custom interface font family, designing to meet business and customer needs within tight technical constraints, and testing to validate design decisions.The demand for custom fonts will increase apace with the desire to deliver more content and increasingly customized experiences on mobile devices. Significant user research on font usage and the impact of typography in the mobile user experience will be required to guide informed, user-centered font design.
WHY WAS THERE A PRECRISIS CAPITAL INFLOW BOOM IN SOUTHEAST ASIA

Much of the recent literature on the East Asian crisis of 1997-98 has focused on the sudden capital reversals and the accompanying regional bust. An oft ignored fact is that the bust was preceded by a prolonged boom period. This boom was fuelled primarily by large- scale capital inflows throughout the early 1990s, a significant proportion of which was intermediated via the domestic banking sector. Motivated by this observation, along with the recognition of the importance of the credit (bank lending) transmission channel in the crisis- hit Southeast Asian economies, this paper concentrates on the precrisis capital inflow boom to emerging economies. Copyright # 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 1 During the inflow episode, the growth rates of the regional economies were on average around 3 per cent higher annually than the rates during the immediately preceding period of equal length. In addition, the economies experienced neither a substantially more rapid inflation rate nor a significant further deterioration of the current account deficit (except for Mexico) during the inflow episode. The last two columns of Table 1 also show that the capital inflows triggered more rapid investment rates and less rapid consumption growth during the inflow episode when compared to the preceding years (Lopez-Mejia, 1999).