Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
A quantitative evaluation of various deconvolution methods and their applications in the deconvolution of plasma spectra

A quantitative evaluation of various deconvolution methods and their applications in processing plasma emitted spectra was performed. The iterative deconvolution algorithms evaluated here include Jansson's method, Richardson–Lucy's method, the maximum a posteriori method and Gold's method. The evaluation criteria include minimization of the sum of squared errors and the sum of squared relative error of parameters, and their rate of convergence. After comparing deconvolved results using these methods, it was concluded that Jansson's and Gold's methods were able to provide good profiles that are visually close to the original spectra. Additionally, Gold's method generally gives the best results when considering all the criteria above. The applications to the actual plasma spectra obtained from the EAST tokamak with these methods are also presented in this paper. The deconvolution results with Gold's and Jansson's methods show that the effects of instruments can be satisfactorily eliminated and clear spectra are recovered.
Low-Level Expression of CD138 Marks Naturally Arising Anergic B Cells

Autoreactive B cells are not entirely deleted, but some remain as immunocompetent or anergic B cells. Although the persistence of autoreactive B cells as anergic cells has been shown in transgenic mouse models with the expression of B cell receptor (BCR) reactive to engineered self-antigen, the characterization of naturally occurring anergic B cells is important to identify them and understand their contribution to immune regulation or autoimmune diseases. We report here that a low-level expression of CD138 in the splenic B cells marks naturally arising anergic B cells, not plasma cells. The CD138int B cells consisted of IgMlowIgDhigh follicular (FO) B cells and transitional 3 B cells in homeostatic conditions. The CD138int FO B cells showed an anergic gene expression profile shared with that of monoclonal anergic B cells expressing engineered BCRs and the gene expression profile was different from those of plasma cells, age-associated B cells, or germinal center B cells. The anergic state of the CD138int FO B cells was confirmed by attenuated Ca2+ response and failure to upregulate CD69 upon BCR engagement with anti-IgM, anti-IgD, anti-Igκ, or anti-IgG. The BCR repertoire of the CD138int FO B cells was distinct from that of the CD138− FO B cells and included some class-switched B cells with low-level somatic mutations. These findings demonstrate the presence of polyclonal anergic B cells in the normal mice that are characterized by low-level expression of CD138, IgM downregulation, reduced Ca2+ and CD69 responses upon BCR engagement, and distinct BCR repertoire.
Nonlinear Boundary Value Problems and a Priori Bounds on Solutions

Results concerning the existence of solutions of multipoint boundary value problems are given. The results are based on a topological transversality method and rely on a priori bounds on solutions. Applications are made to conjugate type and focal type boundary value problems; the third order, 3-point boundary value problem $y''' = f(x,y,y',y'')$, $y(x_1 ) = r_1 $, $y(x_2 ) = r_2 $, $y(x_3 ) = r_3 $, where $x_1 < x_2 < x_3 $, is discussed.
Space instrument performance traceability for high resolution satellite systems

Technology changes in detector development and the significant improvement of manufacturing accuracy in combination with the permanent engineering research influences the spaceborne sensor systems, which are focused on Earth observation and remote sensing. Developments in focal plane technology, e.g. the combination of large TDI lines, intelligent synchronisation control, fast readable sensors and new focal plane and telescope concepts are the key developments for new remote sensing instruments. This class of instruments disposes of high spatial and radiometric resolution for the generation of data products for mapping and 3D GIS VR applications. Systemic approaches are essential for the design of complex sensor systems based on dedicated tasks. The system-theoretical description of the instrument inside and a simulated environment is the basic approach for the optimisation process of the optical, mechanical and electrical designs and assembly. Single modules and the entire system have to be calibrated and verified. The traceability of the performance-related parameters from the single sensor up to the flight readiness of the instrument forms the main focus inside such complex systems. In the future it will also be possible to prove the sensor performance on wafer level before assembly. This paper gives an overview about current technologies for performance measurements on sensor, focal plane assembly (FPA) and instrument level without the optical performance of the telescope. The paper proposes also a technology, which can be used for sensor performance measurements on wafer level.
Spatial and Temporal Properties of Hot and Cool Coronal Loops

A suite of images from the XUV Doppler Telescope (XDT), the Yohkoh Soft X-ray Telescope (SXT), and the Extreme-Ultraviolet Imaging Telescope (EIT) on the Solar and Heliospheric Observatory (SOHO) allow us to see the whole (T > 1 MK) temperature evolution of coronal loops. The detailed morphological comparison of an active region shows that hot loops seen in SXT (T > 3 MK) and cool loops seen in the the EIT 195 Å band (T ~ 1.5 MK) are located in almost alternating manner. The anticoincidence of the hot and the cool loops is conserved for a duration much longer than the estimated cooling timescale. However, both hot and cool loops have counterparts in the intermediate-temperature images. The cross-correlation coefficients are higher for neighboring temperature pairs and lower for pairs with larger temperature differences. These results suggest that loops are not isothermal but rather have a differential emission measure distribution of modest but finite width that peaks at different temperatures for different loops.
Piezoelectricity in the Ordered Monoclinic Hydroxyapatite

The results are based on the first principle modeling and calculations of hydroxyapatite (HAP) nanostructures, especially, in ordered monoclinic phase. HAP structures were studied using local density approximation (LDA) method with calculations of density of states (DOS) in combination with molecular modeling by HyperChem. Computed data show that monoclinic and hexagonal phases can co-exist, especially in their ordered (along OH groups) states. Calculated piezoelectric coefficient dyy ∼ d33 ∼ 15.7 pm/V is consistent with recently obtained experimental data (effective longitudinal piezoelectric coefficient d33eff about 8 pm/V), which vary significantly from grain to grain and may correspond to coexisting phases.
Combined texture and structure analysis of deformed limestone from time-of-flight neutron diffraction spectra

The orientation distribution of a textured polycrystalline material has been traditionally determined from a few individual pole figures of lattice planes hkl, measured by x-ray or neutron diffraction. A new method is demonstrated that uses the whole diffraction spectrum, rather than extracted peak intensities, by combining the orientation distribution calculation with the crystallographic Rietveld method. The feasibility of the method is illustrated with time-of-flight neutron diffraction data of experimentally deformed polycrystalline calcite. It is possible to obtain quantitative information on texture, crystal structure, microstructure, and residual stress from highly incomplete pole figures and from regions of the diffraction spectrum containing many overlapping peaks. The approach provides a key for quantitative texture analysis of low symmetry compounds and of composites with complicated diffraction spectra.
Emancipating data science for Black and Indigenous students via liberatory datasets and curricula

Despite findings highlighting the severe underrepresentation of women and minoritized groups in data science, most scholarly research has focused on new methodologies, tools, and algorithms as opposed to who data scientists are or how they learn their craft. This paper proposes that increased representation in data science can be achieved via advancing the curation of datasets and pedagogies that empower Black, Indigenous, and other minoritized people of color to enter the field. This work contributes to our understanding of the obstacles facing minoritized students in the classroom and solutions to mitigate their marginalization.
The Strain‐Energy Function of a Hyperelastic Material in Terms of the Extension Ratios

A simple form of the strain‐energy function of natural rubber results if the latter is expressed an an analytic function of the extension ratios rather than the invariants. For incompressible isotropic materials it is postulated that this is a separable symmetric function of the extension ratios, i.e., W = w(λ1) + w(λ2) + w(λ3). This form has been substantiated by critical plots using uniaxial and biaxial data reported in the literature by several investigators. The above form appears to be valid over a wide range of deformations (0.2≤λ≤3.5). An explicit representation of W for this range is given in graphical form. In the more limited range (0.6≤λ≤2.5) w(λ) has the analytic form w=2 μλ (lnλ−1).
Improving cytokine-induced killer cell expansion using a gas-permeable culture method for clinical-scale production.

BACKGROUND Cytokine-induced killer (CIK) cells are a heterogeneous group of immune cells that exert potent MHC-unrestricted cytotoxicity toward various cancer cells in both solid and hematological malignancies. OBJECTIVE The purposes of this study were to compare the expansion and characteristics of cytokine-induced killer cells between a standard culture method and a gas-permeable culture method and to develop a clinical-scale expansion protocol for cytokine-induced killer cells using a gas-permeable culture method. METHODS We compared the absolute cell number, fold change, cell subsets, activation markers, cytokine concentrations, and cytotoxicity toward myeloid leukemia cell lines between cytokine-induced killer cells expanded using two different culture methods. Then, we determined the ability to achieve clinical-scale expansion of cytokine-induced killer cells using the gas-permeable culture method. RESULTS Cytokine-induced killer cells in the gas-permeable culture method group exhibited significantly better expansion but maintained similar cell subsets, activation markers, and cytotoxicity to those in the standard culture method group. In addition, we successfully manufactured cytokine-induced killer cells for clinical use using the gas-permeable culture method. We also showed the clinical efficacy of allogeneic cytokine-induced killer cells produced by the gas-permeable culture method in a patient with acute myeloid leukemia that relapsed after allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation. This patient maintained ongoing disease remission for 2 years with minimal side effects after cytokine-induced killer cell infusion. CONCLUSIONS We successfully developed a simple and effective protocol for the ex vivo expansion of cytokine-induced killer cells using the gas-permeable culture method for clinical application.
Quality of Life Among Children with Inflammatory Bowel Disease in Saudi Arabia: A Cross-Sectional Study

Purpose The aim of this study was to investigate the quality of life in children and adolescents aged 7–18 years with inflammatory bowel disease and identify the factors that influence it. Patients and Methods A multi-center cross-sectional study in which participants were recruited from 3 governmental hospitals in the Eastern Province of Saudi Arabia. A total of 61 children with inflammatory bowel disease were approached, 44 participants were included according to their age (7–18 years), disease duration of at least 6 months, and without any other co-morbidities. A translated Arabic version of the IMPACT-III questionnaire was used to assess the quality of life of the participants with inflammatory bowel disease. In addition, disease-specific indices were used to measure their disease activity; Harvey Bradshaw for patients with Crohn’s disease and Pediatric Ulcerative Colitis Activity Index for ulcerative colitis patients. Results The mean age of the 44 participants was 13.36 ± 2.85. Crohn’s disease accounted for 56.8% of the sample, while 36.4% had ulcerative colitis and 6.8% had unclassified type. The majority were males and in disease remission. The mean total score of the questionnaire was 74.10 ± 12.21, where the domain of social functioning scored the highest and the domain of emotional functioning scored the lowest. Children who are 11 years or older scored significantly higher in emotional functioning and total mean scores. Statistical significance was also observed between the well-being domain and not having flare-ups in the past year, as well as disease severity with emotional functioning, body image, and total mean scores. It was found that corticosteroid utilization is a predictor of poorer quality of life and was statistically significant with the body image domain. Conclusion Measuring the quality of life in children with inflammatory bowel disease can aid in reducing its burden and help address its factors.
Effect of contact deformation on contact electrification: a first-principles calculation

The effect of contact deformation on contact electrification of metallic materials was studied by the first-principles method. The results of charge population and the densities of states of the deformed contact models demonstrated that the magnitude of the transferred charge increased with deformation. The mechanism of the effect of deformation was investigated by studying the electronic properties of the deformed surface slabs. The results showed that crystal deformation led to a change in the electrostatic potential of the metal, where the number of nearly free electrons and unoccupied orbitals for charge transfer increased, and their energy barrier decreased.
Interfacial Charge Transfer and Ultrafast Photonics Application of 2D Graphene/InSe Heterostructure

Interface interactions in 2D vertically stacked heterostructures play an important role in optoelectronic applications, and photodetectors based on graphene/InSe heterostructures show promising performance nowadays. However, nonlinear optical property studies based on the graphene/InSe heterostructure are insufficient. Here, we fabricated a graphene/InSe heterostructure by mechanical exfoliation and investigated the optically induced charge transfer between graphene/InSe heterostructures by taking photoluminescence and pump–probe measurements. The large built-in electric field at the interface was confirmed by Kelvin probe force microscopy. Furthermore, due to the efficient interfacial carrier transfer driven by the built-in electric potential (~286 meV) and broadband nonlinear absorption, the application of the graphene/InSe heterostructure in a mode-locked laser was realized. Our work not only provides a deeper understanding of the dipole orientation-related interface interactions on the photoexcited charge transfer of graphene/InSe heterostructures, but also enriches the saturable absorber family for ultrafast photonics application.
Compressive Strength Prediction of Cemented Backfill Containing Phosphate Tailings Using Extreme Gradient Boosting Optimized by Whale Optimization Algorithm

Unconfined compressive strength (UCS) is the most significant mechanical index for cemented backfill, and it is mainly determined by traditional mechanical tests. This study optimized the extreme gradient boosting (XGBoost) model by utilizing the whale optimization algorithm (WOA) to construct a hybrid model for the UCS prediction of cemented backfill. The PT proportion, the OPC proportion, the FA proportion, the solid concentration, and the curing age were selected as input variables, and the UCS of the cemented PT backfill was selected as the output variable. The original XGBoost model, the XGBoost model optimized by particle swarm optimization (PSO-XGBoost), and the decision tree (DT) model were also constructed for comparison with the WOA-XGBoost model. The results showed that the values of the root mean square error (RMSE), coefficient of determination (R2), and mean absolute error (MAE) obtained from the WOA-XGBoost model, XGBoost model, PSO-XGBoost model, and DT model were equal to (0.241, 0.967, 0.184), (0.426, 0.917, 0.336), (0.316, 0.943, 0.258), and (0.464, 0.852, 0.357), respectively. The results show that the proposed WOA-XGBoost has better prediction accuracy than the other machine learning models, confirming the ability of the WOA to enhance XGBoost in cemented PT backfill strength prediction. The WOA-XGBoost model could be a fast and accurate method for the UCS prediction of cemented PT backfill.
Guided locally optimal control of quantum dynamics in dissipative environments

Received 30 September 2008; published 5 December 2008We present ideas for controlling quantum dynamics in a dissipative environment using short, intense laserpulses. The proposed algorithm is an extension of the well-established time-local pump-dump control schemeto the density matrix formalism, using time-dependent targets. This provides a natural framework for guidingthe reaction along a desired path. As a test case, the selective photoexcitation of charge transfer and semi-charge-transfer states of the LiCN molecule in a strong dissipative environment is studied.DOI: 10.1103/PhysRevA.78. 063408 PACS number s : 32.80. Qk, 33.80. b, 02.30. Yy
Factors Affecting Big Data Adoption: An Empirical Study in Small and Medium Enterprises in Vietnam

This study examined factors impacting the big data adoption of small and medium enterprises (SMEs) in Vietnam. The mixed method study was used. The qualitative research was applied by a group discussion with 15 participants and a cross-sectional survey with 372 representatives of SMEs. The results show that perceived benefit, simplicity, compatibility, data quality, security and privacy, vendor support, management support, financial investment, perceived usefulness, and attitudes toward adoption. This research extended the academic framework and examined causal relationships by adopting new characteristics from the integrated perspective of TOE with TAM beyond the existing research models.
A Pilot Study of Polysubstance Use Sequences across the Lifespan among Assiniboine and Sioux People Who Use Injection Drugs

Compared with other racial/ethnic groups in the United States, American Indians/Alaska Natives have the highest rates of acute Hepatitis C Virus (HCV) infection, the highest HCV-related mortality, and one of the fastest climbing rates of drug overdose deaths involving stimulants. In this pilot study, a life history calendar was administered to Indigenous people who use injection drugs (IPWIDs) to understand sequences of polysubstance use across the lifespan. 40 IPWIDs completed a questionnaire and life history calendar. Social sequence analysis was used to examine patterns in sequential phenomena among substances reported over years of the lifespan. Most participants (55%) began injecting substances before the age of 21, 62.5% shared syringes with others, and 45% had ever been diagnosed with HCV. An appreciably large increase in the use of stimulants occurred between the year prior to and following injection initiation (33% to 82%). A three-cluster solution distinguished younger IPWIDs transitioning into polysubstance use involving stimulants and/or narcotic analgesics from adults using narcotic analgesics with stimulants over longer periods of time, and adults most focused on stimulant use over time. Findings from this pilot study contribute to an understanding of how methamphetamine injection plays a role in the HCV epidemic among IPWIDs.
Influence of friction velocity and saltation intensity on the particle‐size distribution of dust (PM32) emitted from an agricultural soil

The size distribution of dust emitted from soils determines particle attributes such as the enrichment in elements that are important for biogeochemical cycles, global climate and human health. There is an ongoing discussion about the size distribution of dust and its relationship with saltation and wind speed. In this work, we present our own results and discuss them in the context of other studies, emphasizing on dust emission from agricultural soils, which is relatively complex and less studied. The objective of this work was to evaluate the particle size distribution of the emitted dust or particulate matter (PM) up to 32 μm in diameter (PM32) from an agricultural sandy soil under two saltation‐supply conditions, using a wind tunnel coupled to a dust‐suspension chamber. We found strong correlations between friction velocity, saltation flux and dust emission. Additional saltation supply increased the total dust PM32 emission at high wind speeds up to three‐fold. Correlation between wind speed and dust concentration was best explained by a power law, with exponents up to 12.04 for the 20 to 32 μm particle‐size range under high‐saltation conditions, but much lower (up to 4.34) for the 0.25 to 1 μm size range under low saltation. An increase of the wind speed affected significantly the concentration of the coarser dust fraction (PM > 10 μm), but affected less the concentration of fine dust (PM from 10 to 1 μm) and did not affect the concentration of the ultrafine (PM < 1 μm) fraction in the suspension chamber. Results found suggest that dust is mostly produced from particles less than 60 μm in diameter, both by fragmentation and direct wind lift. Results found herein reinforce one of the existent theories, but raise questions about the influence of the soil type, and the place and timing of the sampling arrangements.