Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
‘Bottle Post’ and other Drifts

Most readers of this Journal will know a good deal about the long-established practice of setting adrift in the sea sealed bottles or other watertight vessels containing messages or questionnaire papers. There are numerous records stretching over a very long term of years of this having been done with the aim of conveying information—often in a jovial sort of way, but sometimes when it was feared that a ship seemed likely to be lost. In the latter case to which very few authentic records relate, mariners fearing the worst adopted the practice for obvious enough reasons. In the former case, records of the practice are legion and, a century or so ago, it was a common thing for floating bottles with papers inside to be flung overboard from outbound emigrant ships. The habit was still fairly common in much more recent times, and the writer once had quite a goodly number of missives recovered from stranded beer and wine bottles which, after the conclusion of a farewell party, had been thrown out from ships bound for America from the Elbe and other departure points. Generally speaking, such corked bottles were used empty (apart from the enclosed message), and so would perform journeys decided in large part by the winds. Where a serious intent lay behind the launching of a bottle designed to convey true news of distress, no very strong hopes could ever have been reposed in the glass messenger, since there could never have been any idea as to when it might go ashore and be found. It is probable that many bottles carrying messages of the sort have, over the years, been broken on rocky coasts or have stranded on unvisited shores perhaps to suffer burial in shifting sands.
The distribution of fine suspended sediments in the surface waters of the Irish Sea and its relation to tidal stirring

A time series of 165 Advanced Very High Resolution Radiometer (AVHRR) visible band images covering the years 1982-1988 shows that the reflectance of the Irish Sea pulses on seasonal and spring-neap tidal time scales. The seasonal signal has been analysed by fitting a harmonic curve to a geographical grid of points. Maximum reflectance throughout the whole Irish Sea occurs in January or early February. The annual mean reflectance varies spatially by a factor of three from 0.8% to more than 2.4%. Seasonal amplitudes vary from 0.2% to 0.9%. A smaller, but still significant, cycle of reflectance occurs with the fortnightly springs-neaps cycle, with maximum reflectance occurring at spring tides. Both these cycles are in phase with the known variation of suspended sediments in the Irish Sea. Direct measurements, in situ and in the laboratory, of the inherent optical properties of sediments in the Irish Sea have been used to construct an algorithm relating AVHRR visible band reflectance RA to sediment concentrat.
Oceanic Turbulent Energy Budget using Large-Eddy Simulation of a Wind Event during DYNAMO

AbstractThe dominant processes governing ocean mixing during an active phase of the Madden–Julian oscillation are identified. Air–sea fluxes and upper-ocean currents and hydrography, measured aboard the R/V Revelle during boreal fall 2011 in the Indian Ocean at 0°, 80.5°E, are integrated by means of a large-eddy simulation (LES) to infer mixing mechanisms and quantify the resulting vertical property fluxes. In the simulation, wind accelerates the mixed layer, and shear mixes the momentum downward, causing the mixed layer base to descend. Turbulent kinetic energy gains due to shear production and Langmuir circulations are opposed by stirring gravity and frictional losses. The strongest stirring of buoyancy follows precipitation events and penetrates to the base of the mixed layer. The focus here is on the initial 24 h of an unusually strong wind burst that began on 24 November 2011. The model shows that Langmuir turbulence influences only the uppermost few meters of the ocean. Below the wave-energized regi.
FUNDAÇÃO GETULIO VARGAS ESCOLA DE ECONOMIA DE SÃO PAULO JOÃO MARCOS BASTOS VILAR GARCIA ASYMMETRIC PRICE ADJUSTMENT AND LOSS AVERSION

Asymmetric price adjustment is observed in several markets, most notably gasoline retail: a cost increase is passed through to consumers faster than a cost decrease. I develop a consumer-search model that generates this prediction under loss aversion. A fraction of consumers are ignorant of market prices and can choose to acquire information costly, allowing firms to profit with price dispersion. Asymmetric price adjustment emerges if consumers are loss-averse in relation to a reference price. Higher costs make consumers more willing to search, but also lower the probability of finding low prices, generating convexity in the cost-price relation.
Tracking and Tracing Cyber-Attacks: Technical Challenges and Global Policy Issues

Abstract : In the cyber world, the current state of the practice regarding the technical ability to track and trace Internet- based attacks is primitive at best. Sophisticated attacks can be almost impossible to trace to their true source using current practices. The anonymity enjoyed by today's cyber-attackers poses a grave threat to the global information society, the progress of an information-based international economy, and the advancement of global collaboration and cooperation in all areas of human endeavor. Part I of this report examines the current state of the Internet environment and the reasons why tracking and tracing cyber-attackers is so difficult. Part II examines some promising research on technical approaches that may greatly improve the ability to track and trace cyber-attackers to their source. Also discussed are some policy considerations with regard to privacy, information sharing, liability, and other policy issues that would be faced by the U. S. State Department in negotiating international agreements for cooperation and collaboration in the tracking and tracing of cyber-attacks. The report concludes with a closer look at technical and policy considerations for next-generation Internet protocols to enhance track and trace capabilities.
Recorded Earthquake Responses from the Integrated Seismic Monitoring Network of the Atwood Building, Anchorage, Alaska

An integrated seismic monitoring system with a total of 53 channels of accelerometers is now operating in and at the nearby free-field site of the 20-story steel-framed Atwood Building in highly seismic Anchorage, Alaska. The building has a single-story basement and a reinforced concrete foundation without piles. The monitoring system comprises a 32-channel structural array and a 21-channel site array. Accelerometers are deployed on 10 levels of the building to assess translational, torsional, and rocking motions, interstory drift (displacement) between selected pairs of adjacent floors, and average drift between floors. The site array, located approximately a city block from the building, comprises seven triaxial accelerometers, one at the surface and six in boreholes ranging in depths from 15 to 200 feet (∼5–60 meters). The arrays have already recorded low-amplitude shaking responses of the building and the site caused by numerous earthquakes at distances ranging from tens to a couple of hundred kilometers. Data from an earthquake that occurred 186 km away traces the propagation of waves from the deepest borehole to the roof of the building in approximately 0.5 seconds. Fundamental structural frequencies [0.58 Hz (NS) and 0.47 Hz (EW)], low damping percentages (2–4%), mode coupling, and beating effects are identified. The fundamental site frequency at approximately 1.5 Hz is close to the second modal frequencies (1.83 Hz NS and 1.43 EW) of the building, which may cause resonance of the building. Additional earthquakes prove repeatability of these characteristics; however, stronger shaking may alter these conclusions.
Neutrophil-to-Lymphocyte Ratio as a Predictor of Mortality for COVID-19-Related Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome (ARDS) Patients Requiring Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation Therapy

Background: The neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR) has been studied as an indicator of systemic inflammation and as a prognostic tool in multiple areas of medicine. Previous research has suggested that higher NLR and rapid increase to peak NLR are associated with poorer outcomes in patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), particularly in those experiencing acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). Within vascular surgery, there is data to suggest a positive correlation between elevated pre-extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) NLR and higher rates of mortality following major procedures. This study explores the prognostic value of peri-ECMO NLR in patients requiring veno-venous ECMO (VV-ECMO) therapy for COVID-19-related ARDS. The objective of this study was to explore the utility of pre-ECMO NLR as an easily accessible prognostic factor for patients suffering from COVID-19-associated ARDS that require VV-ECMO. Methods: This was a retrospective cohort study within a tertiary care hospital conducted between April 2020 and January 2021. Patients requiring VV-ECMO therapy for COVID-19-associated ARDS were included. Peri-ECMO NLR values, length of stay (LOS), duration on VV-ECMO, and discharge status were recorded. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis and Youden’s J statistics were performed to calculate a cut-off value of 11.005 for pre-ECMO NLR and 17.616 for on-ECMO NLR. Pre-ECMO and on-ECMO Kaplan-Meyer curves were generated for two groups of patients, those above and below NLR cutoff thresholds. Two-sample T-test was performed to test for significant differences in LOS and duration on VV-ECMO. Results: Twenty-six patients were included in the study for final analyses. There was an overall mortality of 39% (n = 10). ROC curve analysis and Youden’s J statistic revealed an optimal cut-off value of pre-ECMO NLR = 11.005 and on-ECMO NLR = 17.616. Results showed that the patient group placed on VV-ECMO with a pre-ECMO NLR less than 11.005 experienced no mortality (n = 7) and a median LOS of 28 days (IQR = 14.5-64.5 days). The patient group on VV-ECMO with a pre-ECMO NLR greater than 11.005 (n = 19) included all mortality (n = 10) and had a median LOS of 49 days (IQR = 25.5-63.5 days). The patient group with on-ECMO NLR less than 17.616 also conferred a survival advantage. There was no significant difference in LOS or duration on VV-ECMO between the two groups, pre-ECMO or on-ECMO. Conclusions: A pre-ECMO NLR cutoff was identified and offered statistically significant prognostic value in predicting mortality. A lower on-ECMO NLR value also indicated a survival advantage. Future studies should include NLR within multivariate models to better discern the effect of NLR and elucidate how it can be factored into clinical decision-making. Importantly, this data can be expanded to assess the predictive value of NLR pertaining to the COVID-19-induced ARDS population and matched cohorts.
Paratropical floral extinction in the Late Palaeocene–Early Eocene

The Palaeocene–Eocene Thermal Maximum (PETM) at c. 55.8 Ma marks a transient (c. 100 ka duration) interval of rapid greenhouse warming that had profound effects on marine and terrestrial biota. Plant communities responded rapidly with major compositional turnover. The long-term effects on tropical vegetation communities that stem from the brief period of global warming are unclear. We present pollen data from the paratropical US Gulf Coast (eastern Mississippi, western Alabama and Georgia), which had background Palaeogene mean annual temperatures of 26–27 °C. Sporomorph data (pollen and spores) demonstrate that taxonomic diversity increases over c. 1 Ma in the Late Palaeocene but this trend is replaced, with the first occurrences of taxa that mark the Early Eocene, by a pronounced extinction into the Early Eocene (c. 20% of the palynoflora). Taxonomic diversity also decreases by up to 38% in the Early Eocene. The timing of the extinction is not clearly resolved but may be restricted to the earliest part of the Early Eocene. Two richness estimators (Chao 2 and Jackknife 2) both demonstrate that Late Palaeocene samples contain significantly more taxa than those in the Early Eocene. Extinction on the US Gulf Coast proves that ancient tropical ecosystems were highly susceptible to changes in diversity mediated directly or indirectly by environmental change even during equable greenhouse climates in the early Palaeogene.
Draft genome sequence of Streptomyces sp. OS603R isolated from holy basil roots with promising antimicrobial and antitumor potential

ABSTRACT We report the genome sequence of Streptomyces sp. OS603R, isolated from holy basil roots. The strain possesses genes potentially responsible for antimicrobial and antitumor agents. The genome assembly comprises 7,521,075 bps with 72.29% GC content. The genome provides the basis for studies involving genes related to relevant bioactive compounds.
Sistem Monitoring Air Qualty (Si Montoq) Menggunakan Sensor Mics-6814 dan DHT-11 Berbasis Internet of Things

Along with the development of the era, technology is increasingly advanced and the use of fossil fuel vehicles is starting to be widely used and also more and more human populations are added to factories everywhere causing air quality to decrease and temperatures to warm up. Air pollution cannot be avoided. Air pollution is a condition in which the quality of the air decreases and is contaminated by substances, both harmless and harmful to human health. Some harmful gases in the air such as : CO, CO2, O3 and others. Carbon dioxide gas (CO2) Carbon dioxide is a gas that is colorless and odorless. When inhaled at concentrations higher than the concentration of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere, humans and other living things therefore cannot know if these gases are around. Humans can tell when they feel the impact. In this case, an air quality measurement tool has been created that can be carried anywhere easily and real-time measurements are used to measure air quality based on the Air Pollution Standard Index (ISPU). Using Sensor Mics-6814 to measure carbon dioxide gas (CO2) and DHT 11 to measure temperature.
Preliminary Study: Time Management Skills and Stress Levels among Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia Students

Time management skills are core skills often used in almost all aspects of human life. Stress is "the reaction or response of the body that is not specific to the request or desire” or non - specific feedback by any part of the body against the existence of a force that can make a person lose focus, bring disruption to thinking, create a feeling of restlessness and uneasiness that often disturbs their daily activities. This study examined the time management skills and the stress levels students at the National University Malaysia faced. The study’s design is quantitative and cross-sectional. In this initial study, the total sample was 30 people, including young adults aged 18 to 24. The preliminary investigation found that out of the 30 respondents, 27 scored high in time management skills, two got a moderate score, and one got a low score. As for the stress level, only two respondents got a high score, 25 got a moderate score, and three got a low score. In terms of the Time Management Program (TMP), 16 respondents thought that more effective time management techniques in the Time Management Program could drive the effectiveness of this program. Therefore, it can be concluded that time management skills are essential to reduce individual stress levels.
Multi-Frequency Oscillation Source Location Based on STFT and Two-Stage Deep Transfer Learning

Accurately locating multi-frequency oscillation sources is crucial for ensuring the stability of current power systems. This paper proposes a location method for multi-frequency oscillation sources based on Short-Time Fourier Transform (STFT) and two-stage deep transfer learning. STFT is used to obtain the time-frequency distribution of oscillations. The first stage is used to classify whether the oscillation is low-frequency oscillation (LFO) or sub-synchronous oscillation (SSO), while the second stage is used to locate the oscillation sources specifically. Firstly, the active power oscillation signals of all generators in the entire network are subjected to STFT to obtain spectrograms. Then, generate location images by color linear mapping, transforming the oscillation source location problem into an image classification problem. Additionally, transfer learning is employed to transfer image recognition knowledge from other domains to the field of power systems, improving training efficiency and classification accuracy. The proposed method is tested in a 10-machine 39-bus system containing five doubly fed induction generators (DFIG), and the findings reinforce the precision and resilience of the proposed method in the face of noise.
Meteorological analysis of long range transport of mineral aerosols over the North Pacific

Meteorological data are used to investigate the importance of source, transport, and removal factors in the temporal and areal variation of mineral dust concentrations observed in the SEAREX (Sea/Air Exchange Program) Network of aerosol sampling stations over the open Pacific Ocean. Earlier studies established that Asian desert dust is carried out over the ocean by the mid-latitude westerlies and may be present over the entire North Pacific area. A 6-year climatology of routine surface meteorological reports of dust in Asia is used to examine the broad maximum in mineral dust concentrations in the months February-May observed at all the North Pacific sites. The gross features of this seasonal variation are controlled by the occurrence and areal extent of dust outbreaks. Secondary peaks in the frequency of dust storms, in October-December, correspond to isolated peaks in the dust concentration at the sites closest to the mid-latitudes. Isentropic trajectory analyses are presented for individual events of peak concentrations supporting earlier indications that the dust transport begins at high elevations over the arid regions and gradually subsides for those parcels which move toward the south. The average transport path for high concentration periods, obtained by superposing trajectory patterns for events over a 6-year period, is shown to explain the latitudinal variation in the concentrations. Removal by local orographic showers at Oahu is shown to be unimportant, while removal by the intense tropical rainfall near Fanning Island is shown to be a dominant influence on the seasonal variation of concentrations there. Rainfall data at the remote Pacific sites indicate that the 1981–1986 period was generally representative, despite the strong El Nino/Southern Oscillation event which occurred in 1982–1983.
A town called eco: What notions of sustainable development do the government's proposed eco-towns embody?

The eco-towns agenda is intended to address social and environmental concerns through facilitating exemplar new sustainable settlements. Sustainable development, which traditionally combines environmental, economic and social aspects of sustainability, has recently been adopted as a cogent Government Policy. This research asks what notions of sustainable development have been embodied in the Government eco-towns agenda. Research consisted of nineteen semi-structured interviews with those involved in eco-towns design and delivery, and the wider sustainability movement. Archival research helped to position the agenda and trace its evolution. The results suggest that the Government has failed to account for the full complement of sustainable development notions in developing these eco-towns. There is a focus on environmental aspects, particularly the concept of zero-carbon, arguably at the expense of broader considerations. Eco-towns set a precedent for increased private sector involvement in the agenda, but employment provision within the settlements has not been thought through and they could thus become unsustainable economically. Social notions of sustainable development have been weakly integrated into the agenda and this threatens to undermine its overall success. It is argued that whilst an important move in the right direction, eco-towns are an imperfect idea and could benefit from refinement. In particular they could set more systematic environmental targets, such as for zero-carbon, and may be more successful communities if they challenged the very model through which new towns such as these are delivered.
Digital Commons @ University of Digital Commons @ University of South Florida South Florida

Deep learning has the potential to help solve numerous problems in cognitive science and education, by providing us a way to model the cognitive profiles of individual people. If this were possible, it would allow us to design targeted tests and suggest specific remediation based on each individual’s needs. On the flip side, employing techniques from psychology can give us insight into the underlying skillsets neural networks have acquired during training, addressing the interpretability concern. This thesis explores these ideas in the context of transformer language models, which have achieved state-of-the-art results on virtually every natural language processing (NLP) task. First, we study the ability of transformers to model Age of Acquisition, an important variable in predicting word processing in humans. We then examine the broader challenge of using transformers to model the human responses to a test of linguistic competencies, this time employing measures from psychometrics as part of our evaluation. Compared to simpler models, we find that transformers can achieve superior results in both cases, suggesting they are more suitable for modeling psychological properties. The use of psychometric measures also allows us to study what linguistic skills transformers cannot learn, suggesting where future architectures can make improvements.
Digital Commons @ University of Digital Commons @ University of South Florida South Florida

: Coating growth and mechanical properties of nanolamellar Cr 2 AlC coatings at various sputtering power were investigated in the present study. Cr 2 AlC coating was deposited on the IN 718 superalloy and (100) Si wafers by DC magnetron sputtering at different sputtering powers. The structure and properties were characterized using X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and nanoindentation. It was found that coatings had columnar structure with nanocrystalline substructure. Deposition rate increased with the sputtering power. XRD results showed the presence of the Cr 2 AlC MAX phase, intermetallic AlCr 2 and Cr 7 C 3 carbide phases, along with the change in preferential coating growth orientation. TEM observations conﬁrmed the occurrence of these phases, and the SAED patterns demonstrated signiﬁcant texture of the coatings. Hardness values were measured in the range between 11–14 GPa, showing a slight increase with the sputtering power.