Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Understanding the Complexity of the Immune System during Pregnancy

Progress in our understanding of the role of the maternal immune system during healthy pregnancy will help us better understand the role of the immune system in adverse pregnancy outcomes. In this review, we discuss our present understanding of the ‘immunity of pregnancy’ in the context of the response to cervical and placental infections and how these responses affect both the mother and the fetus. We discuss novel and challenging concepts that help explain the immunological aspects of pregnancy and how the mother and fetus respond to infection.
Long‐term effect of antiviral therapy on disease course after decompensation in patients with hepatitis B virus–related cirrhosis

The effect of viral suppression on long‐term disease outcome after decompensation in patients with hepatitis B virus (HBV)‐related cirrhosis has not been established. The aim of this study was to determine the long‐term effect of antiviral therapy (AVT) in patients with HBV‐related decompensated cirrhosis. This was a multicenter, prospective, inception cohort study of 707 patients who presented with first‐onset decompensated complications, including 284 untreated and 423 antiviral‐treated patients (58 previously treated, 253 with early treatment, and 112 with delayed treatment). The primary endpoint was 5‐year liver transplantation (LT)‐free survival. Secondary endpoints included virological response (VR) and serological response and improvement in liver function. Despite baseline high HBV activity and worse liver function, antiviral‐treated patients had significantly better transplant‐free survival than untreated patients (5‐year survival rates of 59.7% vs. 46.0%, respectively), with more apparent benefits from antivirals in Child‐Turcotte‐Pugh class B/C and high‐viremia groups. The rate of VR and hepatitis B e antigen seroconversion at 5 years in antiviral‐treated patients was 14.2% and 49.1%, respectively. A significant improvement in liver function was observed in treated versus untreated patients, with 33.9% of treated patients delisted for LT. Patients with early treatment had better clinical outcomes than those with delayed treatment. Survival was dependent on antiviral response, being significantly better in responders than in nonresponders or untreated cases. The initial benefit of AVT was negated over time in nonresponders. Antiviral treatment and maintained VR remained independently predictive of survival. The study results were corroborated by propensity score‐matching analysis. Conclusion: AVT significantly modifies the natural history of decompensated cirrhosis, improving liver function and increasing survival. The results underscore the importance of promptly administering potent antiviral drugs to patients under consideration for LT. (Hepatology 2015;61:1808–1820)
Analysis of cloud computing and its security

Cloud computing is another milestone in the integration of computer technology and the development of the Internet, people have gradually known it, and it attracts the concerns of major IT enterprises, meanwhile it will lead the information technology revolution. With the growing popularity of cloud computing, the importance of security issues, showing a gradual upward trend, has become an important factor which is restricting its development. This article will start from the definition of cloud computing and the future of developing trend, secondly it analyses the current situation of the development of cloud computing, and finally describes the key technology of cloud computing security.
Insight and paranoid disorders in late life (late paraphenia)

Forty elderly patients with late paraphrenia completed a standardized assessment of insight into psychosis along with a detailed cognitive and psychometric evaluation. Overall, the group had poorer insight than a comparable group of early onset schizophrenic patients. Insight was correlated with positive symptoms but appeared unrelated to negative symptoms, performance on neuropsychological tests including those of executive function, plus illness course and duration.
Jean Monnet and the ‘Democratic Deficit’ in the European Union

Relates the philosophy of economist Jean Monnet vis-a-vis his role in the creation of the European Coal and Steel Community (ECSC), which formed the basis of the European Community (EC) Commission. Reevaluation of Monnet's legacy; Criticism of Commission as part of attack on Maastricht Treaty; Details of Monnet Plan; Monnet and the birth of the High Authority; Capacity to exert political leadership.
A polynomial time algorithm for Minkowski reconstruction

This task is motivated by applications to problems in computer vision [13], [14], [9], [10] and other algorithn-lic questions in computational convexity (see [5]), and in view of the following classical theorem of Minkowski [15], [16] it seems fair to say that this problem is fundamer,tal in computational convexity in that it essentially asks for the conversion of one data structure (facet normals & facet volumes) of polytopes into another (interst-ction of finitely many closed halfspaces).
Embarrassment and the Analysis of Role Requirements

Since embarrassment incapacitates persons for continued role performance, it can provide an indicator of basic requirements of role performance. Study of one thousand instances of recalled embarrassment revealed three major requirements: identity, poise, and confidence in established identity and poise. The analysis of identity reveals the significance of adjunct roles and reserve and relict identities. Disturbances of poise revolve about the handling of spaces, props, equipment, clothing, and the body. Violations of confidence are prevented by performance norms. Finally, deliberate embarrassment is shown to have major social functions.
Comparisons of Neuronal and Excitatory Network Properties between the Rat Brainstem Nuclei that Participate in Vertical and Horizontal Gaze Holding

Visual Abstract Gaze holding is primarily controlled by neural structures including the prepositus hypoglossi nucleus (PHN) for horizontal gaze and the interstitial nucleus of Cajal (INC) for vertical and torsional gaze. In contrast to the accumulating findings of the PHN, there is no report regarding the membrane properties of INC neurons or the local networks in the INC. In this study, to verify whether the neural structure of the INC is similar to that of the PHN, we investigated the neuronal and network properties of the INC using whole-cell recordings in rat brainstem slices. Three types of afterhyperpolarization (AHP) profiles and five firing patterns observed in PHN neurons were also observed in INC neurons. However, the overall distributions based on the AHP profile and the firing patterns of INC neurons were different from those of PHN neurons. The application of burst stimulation to a nearby site of a recorded INC neuron induced an increase in the frequency of spontaneous EPSCs. The duration of the increased EPSC frequency of INC neurons was not significantly different from that of PHN neurons. The percent of duration reduction induced by a Ca2+-permeable AMPA (CP-AMPA) receptor antagonist was significantly smaller in the INC than in the PHN. These findings suggest that local excitatory networks that activate sustained EPSC responses also exist in the INC, but their activation mechanisms including the contribution of CP-AMPA receptors differ between the INC and the PHN.
Opening our eyes, changing our practices: learning through the transnational lifeworlds of teachers

This article examines the inclusion of a culturally relevant curricular practice of social identity papers within teacher education in the USA that incorporates the transnational lifeworlds of teachers. Using tenets of feminist interdisciplinary frameworks, we highlight how this curricular practice allows teachers and teacher candidates in urban and rural contexts to examine transnational lifeworlds and their influence on culturally relevant practices in relation to notions of oppression and privilege. We focus on linguistic border crossings and both/and perspectives of teacher’s social identities. More research is needed to better understand the construction of teacher’s social identities within and across transnational lifeworlds and the ways it impacts their practices and student’s academic and social achievement.
Body ownership causes illusory self-attribution of speaking and influences subsequent real speaking

Significance Under normal circumstances we consciously attribute authorship of our actions to ourselves, the sensation of agency. We describe an experiment where participants observed a virtual human character speak and falsely attributed the speaking to themselves. They later shifted the FF of their own voice toward the stimulus voice. This only occurred when the life-sized VB substituted their own and moved with their own movements. A further contribution to the effect was vibrotactile stimulation on the thyroid cartilage synchronized with the speaking. This suggests that agency can be self-attributed even in the absence of prior intention, feed-forward prediction, priming, and cause preceding effect. A critical contributor is the illusion of ownership over the VB that spoke. When we carry out an act, we typically attribute the action to ourselves, the sense of agency. Explanations for agency include conscious prior intention to act, followed by observation of the sensory consequences; brain activity that involves the feed-forward prediction of the consequences combined with rapid inverse motor prediction to fine-tune the action in real time; priming where there is, e.g., a prior command to perform the act; a cause (the intention to act) preceding the effect (the results of the action); and common-sense rules of attribution of physical causality satisfied. We describe an experiment where participants falsely attributed an act to themselves under conditions that apparently cannot be explained by these theories. A life-sized virtual body (VB) seen from the first-person perspective in 3D stereo, as if substituting the real body, was used to induce the illusion of ownership over the VB. Half of the 44 experimental participants experienced VB movements that were synchronous with their own movements (sync), and the other half asynchronous (async). The VB, seen in a mirror, spoke with corresponding lip movements, and for half of the participants this was accompanied by synchronous vibrotactile stimulation on the thyroid cartilage (Von) but this was not so for the other half. Participants experiencing sync misattributed the speaking to themselves and also shifted the fundamental frequency of their later utterances toward the stimulus voice. Von also contributed to these results. We show that these findings can be explained by current theories of agency, provided that the critical role of ownership over the VB is taken into account.
Deoxyribonucleic Acid Damage by Monofunctional Mitomycins and Its Repair in Escherichia coli

Exposure of Escherichia coli to the antibiotic mitomycin C (MTC) at a concentration of 0.5 μg/ml caused cross-linkage between complementary strands of deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA). Derivatives of mitomycin, 7-methoxymitosene (7-MMT) and decarbamoyl mitomycin C (DCMTC), at a level as high as 20 μg/ml formed no cross-links between DNA strands. Ultraviolet light-sensitive mutants of E. coli K-12 bearing uvrA, uvrB, uvrC, or recA mutations were more sensitive to the lethal action of 7-MMT and of DCMTC than was the wild-type strain. Treatment of wild-type cells with these antibiotics resulted in the production of single-strand breaks in DNA, which were repaired upon incubation in a growth medium. Such breaks in DNA were not produced in the uvrA and the uvrB mutants. In the uvrC mutant, single-strand breaks were produced by 7-MMT or by DCMTC, but these breaks were not repaired upon incubation. These results are discussed in connection with the mechanism for removal of pyrimidine dimers in ultraviolet-irradiated bacteria.
Adhesion of anaerobic bacteria to platelet containers

Anaerobic Propionibacterium acnes and Staphylococcus saccharolyticus are frequently isolated during platelet screening with anaerobic culture methods. Although neither P. acnes nor S. saccharolyticus proliferates during platelet storage, both species survive well in this environment. This study was aimed at determining whether strains of P. acnes and/or S. saccharolyticus form surface‐attached bacterial cell aggregates, known as biofilms, under platelet storage conditions. We report that these organisms are able to adhere to the inner surface of platelet containers in tight interaction with activated platelets.
Gender and agreement processing in children with Developmental Language Disorder*

ABSTRACT Two experiments tested whether Russian-speaking children with Developmental Language Disorder (DLD) are sensitive to gender agreement when performing a gender decision task. In Experiment 1, the presence of overt gender agreement between verbs and/or adjectival modifiers and postverbal subject nouns memory was varied. In Experiment 2, agreement violations were introduced and the targets varied between words, pseudo-words, or pseudo-words with derivational suffixes. In both experiments, children with DLD did not differ from typically developing children in their reaction time or sensitivity to agreement features. In both groups, trials with feminine gender resulted in a higher error rate. Children with DLD displayed lower overall accuracy, which was related to differences in phonological memory in both experiments. Furthermore, in Experiment 1 group differences were not maintained after phonological memory was entered as a covariate. The results are discussed with respect to various processing and linguistic theories of DLD.
Vitamin D Deficiency Is Not Associated with Diabetic Retinopathy or Maculopathy

Background. Experimental and clinical studies suggest a possible association between vitamin D deficiency and both diabetic retinopathy and maculopathy. Methods. We have performed a cross-sectional study in adults with types 1 and 2 diabetes mellitus. The relationship between the presence and severity of diabetic retinopathy and maculopathy with serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D concentration was evaluated using logistic regression analyses in the presence of demographic and clinical covariates. Results. 657 adults with diabetes were stratified based on retinopathy grading: No Diabetic Retinopathy (39%), Background Diabetic Retinopathy (37%), Preproliferative Diabetic Retinopathy (21%), and Proliferative Diabetic Retinopathy (3%), respectively. There were no differences in serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D concentrations (25(OH)D) between the groups (15.3 ± 9.0 versus 16.4 ± 10.5 versus 15.9 ± 10.4 versus 15.7 ± 8.5 ng/mL, P = NS). Logistic regression analysis demonstrated no statistically significant relationship between the severity of retinopathy and serum 25(OH)D. Furthermore, there was no difference in serum 25(OH)D between those with (n = 94, 14%) and those without (n = 563, 86%) Diabetic Maculopathy (16.2 ± 10.0 versus 15.8 ± 9.8, P = NS) and no relationship was demonstrated by logistic regression analyses between the two variables. Conclusions. This study has found no association between serum 25(OH)D and the presence and severity of diabetic retinopathy or maculopathy.
Emotional intelligence of leaders: a profile of top executives

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to examine the emotional intelligence (EI) scores of two high profile executive groups in comparison with the general population. Also the study aims to investigate the executive group's EI scores in relation to various organizational outcomes such as net profit, growth management, and employee management and retention.Design/methodology/approach – The Emotional Quotient Inventory (EQ‐i) was administered to a sample of 186 executives (159 males and 27 females) belonging to one of two executive mentoring associations, the Young Presidents' Organization (YPO) and the Innovators' Alliance (IA). A series of questions relating to pre‐tax operating profits over the past three years, previous year's net profit, and various business challenges were asked of each executive.Findings – The results showed that top executives differed significantly from the normative population on the EQ‐i in eight of the 15 EQ‐i subscales. Executives who possessed higher levels of empathy, self‐.
INSTITUTIONALIZATION AS AN INTERPLAY BETWEEN ACTIONS, MEANINGS, AND ACTORS: THE CASE OF A RAPE CRISIS CENTER IN ISRAEL

In this article, I present an analysis of institutionalization as an interplay between three interrelated yet separate components—actors, actions, and meanings. Drawing on ethnographic data of a rape crisis center in Israel, where the entry of therapeutically oriented members resulted in the infusion of new meanings into originally feminist practices, I examine the role of organization members as carriers of institutions and their (possible) agency in infusing actions with meanings through interpretation; how meanings connect actors with actions; and institutional meanings as political resources.
Brincadeiras de faz-de-conta em crianças autistas: limites e possibilidades numa perspectiva evolucionista

A constatacao da presenca universal da brincadeira na infância sugere que tal comportamento deva ter grande valor adaptativo para a especie. Apesar de universal, a brincadeira sofre interferencia do estado desenvolvimental do individuo. Criancas com autismo, por exemplo, apresentam dificuldades no brincar, o que nos leva a questionamentos sobre a natureza da sua brincadeira simbolica, se todo faz-de-conta necessariamente inclui teoria da mente e porque um fenomeno considerado universal surge de modo tao atipico no autismo. O artigo discute essas questoes a luz da psicologia evolucionista, ilustrando relatos de brincadeiras espontâneas de criancas autistas coletados em instituicoes educacionais na cidade de Salvador (BA). Os resultados sugerem que os episodios de faz-de-conta envolvem frequentemente a presenca de objetos como apoio para o desenvolvimento da brincadeira. Tal fato esta em acordo com a descricao de alguns autores sobre o desenvolvimento do faz-de-conta, com seu inicio mais sustentado por objetos e independente de metarepresentacao.
Quality assessment for building footprints data on OpenStreetMap

In the past two years, several applications of generating three-dimensional (3D) buildings from OpenStreetMap (OSM) have been made available, for instance, OSM-3D, OSM2World, OSM Building, etc. In these projects, 3D buildings are reconstructed using the buildings’ footprints and information about their attributes, which are documented as tags in OSM. Therefore, the quality of 3D buildings relies strongly on the quality of the building footprints data in OSM. This article is dedicated to a quality assessment of building footprints data in OSM for the German city of Munich, which is one of the most developed cities in OSM. The data are evaluated in terms of completeness, semantic accuracy, position accuracy, and shape accuracy by using building footprints in ATKIS (German Authority Topographic–Cartographic Information System) as reference data. The process contains three steps: finding correspondence between OSM and ATKIS data, calculating parameters of the four quality criteria, and statistical analysis. The results show that OSM footprint data in Munich have a high completeness and semantic accuracy. There is an offset of about four meters on average in terms of position accuracy. With respect to shape, OSM building footprints have a high similarity to those in ATKIS data. However, some architectural details are missing; hence, the OSM footprints can be regarded as a simplified version of those in ATKIS data.
THE DRIPPING HANDRAIL: AN ASTROPHYSICAL ACCRETION MODEL

The Dripping Handrail is an abstract mathematical model that describes several features of the chaotically ∞uctuating x-rays emitted by neutron stars in astronomy. In order to better understand certain observations that have more recently become available, we have extended the model by adding to it the efiect of physical radiation forces. Comparison of simulated and actual data indicates that this approach may have promise. In addition, we have carried out a theoretical study of the extended model and have developed a variety of visualization and analysis tools in a search for a Dripping Handrail signature in astronomical objects of a more general nature. Subject headings: accretion disk | dripping handrail | chaos | return map
Philosophy, Critical Thinking and Philosophy for Children

For centuries, philosophy has been considered as an intellectual activity requiring complex cognitive skills and predispositions related to complex (or critical) thinking. The Philosophy for Children (P4C) approach aims at the development of critical thinking in pupils through philosophical dialogue. Some contest the introduction of P4C in the classroom, suggesting that the discussions it fosters are not philosophical in essence. In this text, we argue that P4C is philosophy.
Motivation in Real-Life, Dynamic, and Interactive Learning Environments: Stretching Constructs and Methodologies

Recent research on motivation has taken a leading role in the study of learning and instruction. Theory-based studies carried out in real-life, dynamic, and interactive learning environments have attempted to bridge the gap between basic and applied psychological and educational research. Constructs and methodologies have been stretched to include new, innovative features, with motivation commonly conceptualized as a dual psychological and social phenomenon and researched using multiple methodological approaches in combination. This paper discusses the major challenges faced by researchers who are grappling with those issues.
A confidence index for Machine Translation

We argue that it is useful for a machine translation system to be able to provide the user with an estimate of the translation quality for each sentence. This makes it possible for bad translations to be filtered out before post-editing, to be highlighted by the user interface, or to cause an interactive system to ask for a rephrasing. A system providing such an estimate is described, and examples from its practical application to an MT system are given.
Educating Language Minority Students and Affirming Their Equal Rights

This article describes one researcher’s journey as an experimental psycholinguist through changes in practice and policy in the education of English language learners in the United States from the 1970s to the present day. The development of key debates on issues such as bilingualism, language of instruction, and the inclusion of English language learners in reform movements are described from the perspective of a researcher, and future prospects for work are outlined.
Biological Markers for Schizophrenia and the Biological High‐Risk Approach

This review examines two putative biological markers for schizophrenia: reduced blood platelet monamine oxidase (MAO) activity and impaired smooth pursuit eye movements. Studies of these biological markers among patient samples are presented, including their theoretical background, measurement, genetics, validity, and specificity of the markers for schizophrenia, and the artifacts that might lessen their utility. These results are then compared with those from the biological high-risk research strategy, which selects nonpatient volunteers solely on the basis of a deviant marker, and then examines the clinical, psychological, and biological correlates of the marker. The results of these studies suggest that low platelet MAO activity is not an adequate marker for schizophrenia but is associated with characteristics related to hypomanic behavior and sensation seeking. Smooth pursuit eye tracking impairment, in contrast, seems to be directly associated with schizophrenia-related traits, such as the negative symptoms found among chronic schizophrenics, or with the characteristics observed in the biological relatives of schizophrenics. Finally, the implications of these findings are discussed.