Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Normalized Sum-over-Paths Edit Distances

In this paper, normalized SoP string-edit distances, taking into account all possible alignments between two sequences, are investigated. These normalized distances are variants of the Sum-over-Paths (SoP) distances which compute the expected cost on all sequence alignments by favoring low-cost ones – therefore favoring good alignment. Such distances consider two sequences tied by many optimal or nearly-optimal alignments as more similar than two sequences sharing only one, optimal, alignment. They depend on a parameter, θ, and reduce to the standard distances – the edit-distance or the longest common subsequence – when θ → 0, while having the same time complexity. This paper puts the emphasis on applying some type of normalization of the expectation of the cost. Experimental results for clustering and classification tasks performed on four OCR data sets show that (i) the applied normalization generally improves the existing results, and (ii) as for the SoP edit-distances, the normalized SoP edit-distances clearly outperform the non-randomized measures, i.e. the standard edit distance and longest common subsequence.
Nucleocytoplasmic Shuttling of the TACC Protein Mia1p/Alp7p Is Required for Remodeling of Microtubule Arrays during the Cell Cycle

Microtubule arrays are remodeled as cells proceed through the cell cycle. It is important to understand how remodeling is regulated in time and space. In fission yeast, the conserved microtubule associated TACC/TOG complex plays an important role in organizing microtubules throughout the cell cycle. Here we show that this complex undergoes nucleocytoplasmic shuttling through the nuclear import and export signals located in the TACC protein Mia1p/Alp7p. When the Crm1p-dependent nuclear export signal of Mia1p is disabled, Mia1p accumulates in the nucleus while its partner protein Alp14p/TOG is restricted to the cytoplasm. This leads to defects in assembly of both interphase arrays and the mitotic spindle. Artificial targeting of Alp14p to the nucleus partially rescues the mitotic spindle defects caused by lack of Mia1p nuclear export. Interestingly, the nuclear export sequence of Mia1p appears to overlap with the Alp14p binding site. We propose that intricate regulation of the subcellular distribution of TACC/TOG complexes drives microtubule array remodeling as cells progress through the cell cycle.
Issues of work intensity, pace, and sustainability in relation to work context and nutritional status

This article raises issues about work intensity, pace, and sustainability during physical activity, focusing attention on the nature of work in labor‐intensive societies, the management of exertion in habitual tasks, and the health and broad socioeconomic correlates of alternative ways to regulate work patterns. At the heart of this review are concerns to document human adaptability (in terms of the physical and behavioral management of heavy work) and to renew debate regarding the conceptualization and measurement of work intensity (variously evaluated in absolute or relative terms, as indexed by oxygen consumption, energy expenditure, percentage maximal work capacity, heart rate elevation, time and motion indicators, or physiological cost). Three questions are examined: Is heavy work primarily a matter of time or energy intensity? How is heavy work habitually sustained? What is the bigger picture relating work performance to work context and to nutritional or health status? It is argued that many arduous activities, such as carrying loads, demand endurance over time rather than intensive effort per unit time, and that work pace management lies in regulating both the rate of work and the time in rest during physical activity. Furthermore, strategies that maximize long‐term endurance (adopted by “tortoises”) and those that maximize short‐term productivity (adopted by “hares”) are appropriate to different work contexts (e.g., a subsistence or wage‐labor economy) and suit individuals with different health status and ability. Thus, work intensity is an important aspect of the links between physical activity, health, productivity, and society, as noted in literature reviewing objectives for sustainable development and public health messages for disease risk management. These areas of scholarship are underresearched, partly because consensus has been slow in agreeing on which are the best measures of work pace and work intensity for use in field situations, and which are the most meaningful thresholds for evaluating absolute or relative effort across a range of populations. Am. J. Hum. Biol. 15:498–513, 2003. © 2003 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Southern GEMS groups – I. Dynamical properties

Here, we present an investigation of the properties of 16 nearby galaxy groups and their constituent galaxies. The groups are selected from the Group Evolution Multiwavelength Study (GEMS) and all have X-ray as well as wide-field neutral hydrogen (H I) observations. Group membership is determined using a friends-of-friends algorithm on the positions and velocities from the 6-degree Field Galaxy Survey and NASA/IPAC Extragalactic Database. For each group we derive their physical properties using this membership, including: velocity dispersions (σ v), virial masses (M V), total K-band luminosities [LK(Tot)] and early-type fractions (f early) and present these data for the individual groups. We find that the GEMS X-ray luminosity is proportional to the group velocity dispersions and virial masses: L X(r 500) ∝ σ 3.11±0.59 v and L X(r 500) ∝ M 1.13±0.27 V , consistent with the predictions of self-similarity between group and clusters. We also find that M V ∝ LK(Tot) 2.0±0.9 , i.e. mass grows faster than light and that the fraction of early-type galaxies in the groups is correlated with the group X-ray luminosities and velocity dispersions. We examine the brightest group galaxies (BGGs), finding that, while the luminosity of the BGG correlates with its total group luminosity, the fraction of group luminosity contained in the BGG decreases with increasing total group luminosity. This suggests that BGGs grow by mergers at early times in group evolution while the group continues to grow by accreting infalling galaxies. We form a composite galaxy group in order to examine the properties of the constituent galaxies and compare their properties with those of field galaxies. There are clear radial trends, with group galaxies becoming fainter, bluer and morphologically later types with increasing radius from the group centre, reaching field levels at radii >r 500(>0.7r 200). We divide the composite group-by-group X-ray luminosity and find that galaxies in high X-ray luminosity groups [log10 L X(r 500) 41.7 erg s −1 ] are redder with a higher giant-to-dwarf ratio and are more likely to be early-type galaxies than are those galaxies in low X-ray luminosity groups. We conclude that harassment and ram-pressure stripping processes are unlikely to cause these differences. The differences are more likely to be due to galaxy‐galaxy mergers and possibly some further mechanism such as strangulation. If mergers are the dominant mechanism then the properties of galaxies in the higher X-ray luminosity groups are a result of mergers at earlier epochs in smaller mass groups that have since merged to become the structures we observe today, while lower X-ray luminosity groups are still undergoing mergers today.
Accurate BCJR-based synchronization algorithm for single carrier channels with extremely high order modulations

Microwave transmission is a predominant technology in telecommunication networks. As capacity requirement for mobile networks rises every day, microwave backhauls links are forced to constantly improve their spectral efficiency over limited allocated bandwidths. Moving toward higher order modulation is a cost-efficient solution to increase capacity in bandwidth-limited channels. Complex higher order modulations may be practical if a well-defined, high performance, carrier synchronization algorithm is provided to detect and remove the phase noise from the desired signal. The importance of such a precise carrier recovery algorithm is stressed with the transition from legacy, GaAs VCO frequency sources, to integrated, low-cost CMOS based VCOs that suffer from a significantly elevated phase noise level. Contribution of this paper is proposing a novel carrier synchronization algorithm that handles phase noise challenges effectively and allows complicated extremely high QAMs at an acceptable complexity level. Our proposed algorithm is pilot-aided and employs a BCJR-based sequence estimator to detect fast-varying phase noise symbol-by-symbol. We verify and validate performance of our proposed algorithm on VC707 XILINX board and emulation results confirm zero BER performance for complex modulation orders as high as 4K-QAM.
Adaptive Rollover Prevention for Automotive Vehicles with Differential Braking

Abstract In this paper we present an adaptive controller implementation based on the multiple models, switching, and tuning (MMST) paradigm [Narendra and Balakrishnan, 1994, 1997] for preventing un–tripped rollover in automotive vehicles. Our approach relies on differential-braking to keep the value of the Load Transfer Ratio ( LTR ) below a threshold. We first employ multiple models to infer the unknown center of gravity height and the suspension parameters of the vehicle, which are subsequently used to switch to the corresponding rollover controller. The efficacy of the proposed switched multi–controller scheme is demonstrated via numerical simulations as compared to a robust controller implementation.
A Submillimeter Search of Nearby Young Stars for Cold Dust: Discovery of Debris Disks around Two Low-Mass Stars

We present results from a James Clerk Maxwell Telescope/SCUBA 850 μm search for cold dust around eight nearby young stars belonging to the β Pic (t ≈ 12 Myr) and the Local Association (t ≈ 50 Myr) moving groups. Unlike most past submillimeter studies, our sample was chosen solely on the basis of stellar age. Our observations achieve about an order of magnitude greater sensitivity in dust mass compared to previous work in this age range. We detected two of the three M dwarfs in our sample at 850 μm, GJ 182 and GJ 803 (M* ≈ 0.5 M☉), with inferred dust masses of only ≈0.01-0.03 M⊕. GJ 182 may also possess a 25 μm excess, which is indicative of warm dust in the inner few AU of its disk. For GJ 803 (AU Mic; HD 197481), submillimeter mapping finds that the 850 μm emission is unresolved. A nondetection of the CO 3-2 line indicates the system is gas-poor, and the spectral energy distribution suggests the presence of a large inner disk hole (≈17 AU = 1.″7 in radius for blackbody grains). These are possible indications that planets at large separations can form around M dwarfs within ~10 Myr. In a companion paper, we confirm the existence of a dust disk around GJ 803 using optical coronagraphic imaging. Given its youthfulness, proximity, and detectability, the GJ 803 disk will be a valuable system for studying disk, and perhaps planet, formation in great detail. Overall, submillimeter measurements of debris disks point to a drop in dust mass by a factor of ~103 within the first ~10 Myr, with the subsequent decline in the masses of submillimeter-detected disks consistent with t-0.5-t-1.
Les systèmes de pilotage : une relecture critique inspirée des travaux de Simons

Une grille fondee sur trois dimensions (specificite de l'outil, implication des managers, lien entre mesure et remuneration) permet de caracteriser deux ideaux-types de systemes de pilotage (diagnostiques et interactifs). Les tentatives recentes de renovation du controle de gestion sont coherentes avec ces ideaux types : les systemes de pilotage par la vision strategique sont de type interactifs alors que les systemes de pilotage par la valeur sont de type diagnostiques. Cet eclairage permet de comprendre leurs forces et faiblesses respectives et de montrer que le depassement de leurs limites passe par une complementarite entre types de systemes.
The anatomy of LDNS clusters: findings and implications for web content delivery

We present a large-scale measurement of clusters of hosts sharing the same local DNS servers. We analyze properties of these "LDNS clusters" from the perspective of content delivery networks, which commonly use DNS for load distribution. We found that not only LDNS clusters differ widely in terms of their size and geographical compactness but that the largest clusters are actually extremely compact. This suggests potential benefits of a load distribution strategy with nuanced treatment of different LDNS clusters based on the combination of their size and compactness. We further observed interesting variations in LDNS setups including a wide use of "LDNS pools" (which as we explain in the paper are different from setups where end-hosts simply utilize multiple resolvers).
How Do Rewards and Management Styles Influence the Motivation to Share Knowledge

How to motivate knowledge sharing is of crucial importance to many companies. This paper analyzes individual knowledge sharing behavior in a self-determination theory (SDT) perspective. The primary aim is to explore what type of motivation predicts knowledge sharing behavior and how this type of motivation is affected by reward structures and management styles in organizations. The paper builds on survey and interview data from a pilot case study and provides statistical evidence of a strong positive relationship between autonomous motivation and knowledge sharing behavior. Furthermore, tangible rewards are found to correlate negatively with autonomous motivation for knowledge sharing. The more employees perceive knowledge sharing to lead to tangible rewards, the less they are autonomously motivated to share. On the other hand, a management style supportive of employees' needs for autonomy is found to promote autonomous motivation for knowledge sharing.
[Challenge clinical trial for evaluation of a vaccine candidate strain against cholera].

INTRODUCTION live attenuated oral Vibrio cholerae Ol El Tor, Ogawa strain 638 has demonstrated to be well tolerated and immunogenic when administrated orally in studies carried out in healthy volunteers. OBJECTIVES to evaluate the protection against cholera infection in a challenge clinical trial, for the technological and pharmaceutical scale-up of this vaccinal candidate as active ingredient at industrial level. METHODS a total of 21 healthy volunteers were involved in this trial; the vaccine candidate was administered to 12 of them and the remaining nine were given the placebo. Twenty eight days later, all of them received an infective dose of a V. cholerae virulent strain. RESULTS diarrheas were observed in 7 out of 9 placebos whereas not a single vaccinated volunteer showed diarrheas. More frequent and intense loose stools were found in the placebo volunteers with O-blood group. All volunteers in he placebo group excreted V. cholerae, but only three (25%) out of the 12 vaccinated volunteers did so. CONCLUSION in this challenge clinical trial model, the 638 strain proved to protect people against the diarrhea caused by a virulent V. cholerae strain.
Monitoring of robot path tracking: Reconfiguration strategy design and experimental validation

This paper presents experimental validation in real time of fault detection and isolation and fault tolerant control algorithms for healthy monitoring of an Omni-directional platform, called Robotino@. The latter is composed of three actuated subsystems. The purpose of using fault diagnosis algorithms is to supervise the safe operating of the system, and to study the system reconfigurability strategies in order to ensure that the system remains able to follow a desired trajectory. For such purpose, the fault detectability and isolability is based on analytical redundancy relations. The latter are constraint relations expressing the nominal system behavior and they are written in terms of the measured system variables. Once a fault is detected and the faulty actuated subsystem is determined, the system reconfigurability algorithm analyses the redundancy presented on the former and an appropriate control strategy is applied.
Process evaluation of community care centers providing care, support, and treatment to people living with human immunodeficiency virus in India.

CONTEXT Since 2007, the concept of community care centers (CCC) has evolved to provide care, support, and treatment services to the people living with human immunodeficiency virus in a community-based environment so as to bridge the gap between secondary/tertiary level institutional and home-based care. Monitoring and evaluation, including process evaluation (PE), are integral parts of this scheme. OBJECTIVE This article presents the design of the "PE" for CCC and the results pertaining to the gaps and constraints in the implementation of the scheme. DESIGN The CCC PE was conducted in 197 of the 273 CCCs that have been functioning for at least 1 year as on November 30, 2009. Data were collected by structured observations and individual interviews through checklists and semistructured tools. PARTICIPANTS The targeted population for PE was inpatient/outpatient beneficiaries, caregivers, and service providers of CCCs. RESULTS The findings revealed that of 197 CCCs evaluated, 55, 57, 52, and 33 were graded as A, B, C, and D, respectively. Of the 33 grade-D CCCs, 22 were from 4 high-prevalence states (Andhra Pradesh, Karnataka, Maharashtra, and Tamil Nadu). There was dearth of good nongovernment organizations in the Northeastern region of the country with more nongovernment organizations in C and D category. The PE indicated some critical constraints in the services, such as shortage of medicines for treatment of opportunistic infections, poor coordination with anti-retroviral treatment centers, and transportation for referral cases. In spite of various constraints in the scheme, the majority of the patients were satisfied with the services available at CCC. CONCLUSION The PE had provided an invaluable base to improve the CCC scheme, which will enhance the quality of service delivery system. The results of our experience may help other researchers and managers plan similar and more improved assessment.
Design of an operations manager selection system in service encounter

Article history: Received March 25, 2015 Received in revised format August 6 2015 Accepted August 6 2015 Available online August 9 2015 The purpose of this study is to provide criteria for selecting operations managers at the ‘service encounter’ for mobile telecommunication companies, and develop a system for this multicriteria decision-making scheme based on the Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP). There are three main criteria for evaluating the capability of service-encounter operation managers: (1) the ability to design service process; (2) the ability to operate service process; (3) the ability to conduct improvement. The AHP operation manager selection tool was developed based on the complex problems at the service encounter. It was created as a decision support system which was used to recruit and evaluate operations managers’ capability for the purpose of career advancement. Growing Science Ltd. All rights reserved. 5 © 201
Platelet-Rich Concentrate Supports Human Mesenchymal Stem Cell Proliferation, Bone Morphogenetic Protein-2 Messenger RNA Expression, Alkaline Phosphatase Activity, and Bone Formation In Vitro: A Mode of Action to Enhance Bone Repair

Objective: Platelet-rich concentrate (PRC) is an autologous growth factor preparation that is in routine use for orthopaedic and maxillofacial surgery. However, there are little data available describing the cellular and molecular mechanisms by which PRC enhances the healing response in an osseous environment. The aim of this study was to identify cellular and molecular events that are modulated in human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs) in response to exposure to human PRC generated by a novel filtration-based device (CAPTION, Smith & Nephew Inc). Methods: PRC and serum were prepared from blood donated by 11 volunteers. Growth factor content and release from PRC were determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Cell proliferation was quantified by DNA content and osteoblastic differentiation by alkaline phosphatase expression and mineralized nodule formation. Real-time reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction analysis was used to determine the early molecular pathways regulated in hMSCs by PRC. Results: The results obtained confirm previous in vitro and in vivo observations demonstrating that PRC enhances hMSC proliferation. Furthermore, our data suggest that when added as a clot, PRC induces an earlier onset of proliferation compared with serum without leading to cell overgrowth and the inhibition of cell differentiation. At the molecular level, PRC treatment stimulated a transient enhancement of bone morphogenetic protein-2 messenger RNA that peaked after 12 hours and induced an earlier and a sustained increase in the key osteogenic transcription factor RUNX2. By 3 days of treatment, PRC enhanced alkaline phosphatase activity more than 2-fold compared with donor-matched serum, and at 23 days, the increase in osteoblastic commitment translated to enhanced calcified matrix deposition. Conclusions: Taken together, the data presented here suggest that treatment of hMSC with clotted PRC, in an osteoinductive environment, enhances osteoblastic commitment and bone formation. Furthermore, these data indicate that the enhanced osteogenesis seen in the presence of PRC cannot be explained solely by enhanced cell proliferation, suggesting that PRC modulates a number of cell and molecular pathways to promote bone formation.
Interindividuelle Unterschiede in Beziehungspräferenzen

Zusammenfassung. Beziehungsorientierung (BZO) ist ein neues zweidimensionales Konstrukt zur Operationalisierung von Beziehungspraferenzen. Demnach konnen Menschen sowohl kurzzeitorientiert als auch langzeitorientiert sein. In einer Querschnitt-Untersuchung mit 284 Versuchspersonen und einer Langsschnitt-Untersuchung mit 287 Versuchspersonen konnten die testtheoretischen Eigenschaften sowie die diskriminante und konvergente Validitat der Skalen zur Erfassung der Kurz- (KZO) und Langzeitorientierung (LZO) uberpruft werden. Beide Dimensionen konnten reliabel und valide gemessen werden. Hohe KZO ging mit einer unrestriktiven soziosexuellen Orientierung, einem spielerischen Liebesstil (Ludus) und einer hedonistischen Gegenwartsorientierung einher. Hohe LZO impliziert jedoch keine restriktive soziosexuelle Orientierung. Zudem zeigten sich Korrelationen der LZO mit allen Liebesstilen, der Zukunftsorientierung und dem Kinderwunsch. Die Bedeutung dieses neuen Konstrukts fur die sozialpsychologische Beziehungsforsc.