Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Underaged patients' opinions toward different containment measures: a questionnaire survey in Finnish adolescent psychiatry.

PROBLEM The current literature does not provide an understanding of adolescent patients' opinions toward various containment measures and how these are related to the opinions of the staff who are caring for them. METHODS The study population comprised 81 inpatients and 128 staff members in an inpatient setting in Finland. Their opinions were studied using the Attitude to Containment Measures Questionnaire. FINDINGS The adolescents were more critical toward most containment measures compared to the staff. Exactly as reported in previous studies among adult service users, the containment measures most accepted by the adolescents were as-needed medication, intermittent observation, and time out. They were considered as helpful, safe, and respectful methods. Net bed, which has never been used in Finland, was most disapproved. It was considered as a distressing, inhuman, and cruel method. Opinions toward mechanical restraint, which is commonly used in Finnish adolescent psychiatry, were noticeable: adolescents rated mechanical restraint among the three least accepted, staff among the three most accepted containment methods. Adolescents considered it as distressing and not consistent of human dignity. CONCLUSIONS Adolescents disapprove of containment measures some of which are widely used in psychiatric practice. Their opinions differ significantly from those of the staff. New ways to manage crisis situations should be developed. Where containment cannot be avoided, information, explanation about the procedures involved, and debriefing should be offered to an underaged patient in a manner which takes account of his/her developmental level.
Eliminating Ground Current in a Transformerless Photovoltaic Application

For low-power grid-connected applications, a single-phase converter can be used. In photovoltaic (PV) applications, it is possible to remove the transformer in the inverter to reduce losses, costs, and size. Galvanic connection of the grid and the dc sources in transformerless systems can introduce additional ground currents due to the ground parasitic capacitance. These currents increase conducted and radiated electromagnetic emissions, harmonics injected in the utility grid, and losses. Amplitude and spectrum of the ground current depend on the converter topology, the switching strategy, and the resonant circuit formed by the ground capacitance, the converter, the ac filter, and the grid. In this paper, the ground current in a 1.5-kW PV installation is measured under different conditions and used to build a simulation model. The installation includes a string of 16 PV panel, a full-bridge inverter, and an LCL filter. This model allows the study of the influence of the harmonics injected by the inverter on the ground current.
Developmental Origins of Disease Paradigm: A Mechanistic and Evolutionary Perspective

Fetal growth is determined by the interaction between the environment and the fetal genome. The fetal environment, in turn, is determined by the maternal environment and by maternal and placental physiology. There is evidence that the interaction between the fetal environment and genome can determine the risk of postnatal disease, as well as the individual's capacity to cope with the postnatal environment. Furthermore, the role of various forms of maternal constraint of fetal growth in determining the persistence of these responses is reviewed. A limited number of biologic processes can contribute to the mechanistic basis of these phenomena. In addition to immediate homeostatic responses, the developing organism may make predictive adaptive responses of no immediate advantage but with long-term consequences. An evolutionary perspective is provided, as well as a review of possible biologic processes. The “developmental origins of disease” paradigm is a reflection of the persistence of such mechanisms in humans who now live in very different environments from those within which they evolved. The developmental origins paradigm and its underlying mechanistic and evolutionary basis have major implications for addressing the increasing burden of metabolic and cardiovascular disease.
Relationship between Reported Motives for Exercise and Age of Women Attending a Community Fitness Facility

38 new, women exercisers completed the 1989 Personal Incentives for Exercise Questionnaire-Version 4 by Duda and Tappe to estimate the correlation between age and various motives for exercise. No statistically significant relationship was found between age and scores on the subscales of Health Benefits, Appearance, and Affiliation. A significant negative relationship was found between age and scores on the Mental Benefits subscale (r = −.51, p<.01). After replication, findings may tailor exercise promotion methods.
An Improved Brome mosaic virus Silencing Vector: Greater Insert Stability and More Extensive VIGS1[OPEN]

A modified virus vector permits better plant gene fragment retention and improves gene-silencing phenotypes in the host. Virus-induced gene silencing (VIGS) is used extensively for gene function studies in plants. VIGS is inexpensive and rapid compared with silencing conducted through stable transformation, but many virus-silencing vectors, especially in grasses, induce only transient silencing phenotypes. A major reason for transient phenotypes is the instability of the foreign gene fragment (insert) in the vector during VIGS. Here, we report the development of a Brome mosaic virus (BMV)-based vector that better maintains inserts through modification of the original BMV vector RNA sequence. Modification of the BMV RNA3 sequence yielded a vector, BMVCP5, that better maintained phytoene desaturase and heat shock protein70-1 (HSP70-1) inserts in Nicotiana benthamiana and maize (Zea mays). Longer maintenance of inserts was correlated with greater target gene silencing and more extensive visible silencing phenotypes displaying greater tissue penetration and involving more leaves. The modified vector accumulated similarly to the original vector in N. benthamiana after agroinfiltration, thus maintaining a high titer of virus in this intermediate host used to produce virus inoculum for grass hosts. For HSP70, silencing one family member led to a large increase in the expression of another family member, an increase likely related to the target gene knockdown and not a general effect of virus infection. The cause of the increased insert stability in the modified vector is discussed in relationship to its recombination and accumulation potential. The modified vector will improve functional genomic studies in grasses, and the conceptual methods used to improve the vector may be applied to other VIGS vectors.
MMP-2, MMP-9, VEGF and CA 15.3 in breast cancer.

BACKGROUND Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) are a family of extracellular matrix degrading proteinases. Owing to their matrix-degrading abilities and high expression in advanced tumours, MMPs were originally implicated in cancer progression, invasion and metastasis. PATIENTS AND METHODS In this study, the correlation was determined between the expression of gelatinases (MMP-2 and MMP-9) in the sera of breast cancer patients from zymographic analysis and serum concentrations of VEGF and CA 15.3, before surgery and after 1 and 6 months; the association of both markers with clinicopathological features including histological type, stage of disease and estrogen (ER) and progesterone (PgR) receptors status were also analysed. In all, 88 breast cancer patients and 20 healthy women were involved in this study. RESULTS No statistically significant correlation between pro MMP-2, pro MMP-9, VEGF and CA 15.3 serum levels was found (p>0.05). In breast cancer patients, a significant decrease of the pro MMP-2 serum expression 1 month after surgery with respect to serum levels before surgery (p=0.0008) was evident, as well as of CA 15.3 serum levels at baseline and after 1 month (p=0.017). Moreover a strong decrease of pro MMP-9 serum levels was found in 88 breast cancer patients after 1 month (p=0.028) and after 6 months (p =0.009) from surgery. On the other hand, no significant differences in the serum levels of VEGF, CA 15.3, pro MMP-2 or pro MMP-9 between 88 breast cancer patients preoperatively and 20 healthy women as controls were found. Our findings did indicate a significant positive association between higher preoperative levels of CA 15.3 and progression of disease (p=0.03), as well as a longer disease-free survival in patients who exhibited a decrease of serum pro MMP-9 expression compared to other biomarkers. No relationship between these four markers and the main clinical and pathological parameters was found. CONCLUSION The present study failed to demonstrate any association between serum levels of MMPs, VEGF and CA 15.3 and well-known clinicopathological characteristics of breast carcinoma, while demonstrating the prognostic value of CA 15.3 and pro MMP-9 in the follow-up of breast cancer patients.
Modeling and Dynamic Behavior of Battery Energy Storage: A Simple Model for Large-Scale Time-Domain Stability Studies

With the continued development and proliferation of renewable energy systems worldwide, particularly wind and photovoltaic (PV) generation, computer simulation models for these technologies to be used in large interconnected power-system stability analyses have been a key focus over the past several years. Such computer simulation models are used by power-system planners and operators to simulate various scenarios of large interconnected systems? e.g., continental Europe and the western or eastern North American grid? to assess the stability and reliability of the bulk electric power system. In Europe, much of this work has been led by efforts within the International Electrotechnical Commission, while in North America, most of the major efforts in modeling has gone through the Renewable Energy Modeling Task Force (REMTF) of the Western Electricity Coordinating Council (WECC). The total nameplate capacity of wind generation installed worldwide has surpassed 360,000 MW, and PV generation has surpassed 130,000 MW, with the top three countries in terms of cumulative total capacity being China, the United States, and Germany.
The user as relational entity: Options that deeper insight into user representations opens for human-centered design

Purpose – “User” is the lingua franca term used across IT design, often critiqued for giving a reductionist portrayal of the human relationship with technologies. The purpose of this paper is to argue that equating “user” with flesh and blood “people out there” is naive. Not only that, it closes important options in conducting human-centered design. Design/methodology/approach – The authors conceptually elaborate a relational understanding of the user and integrate research findings on user representations found at the intersection of human-centered design and social studies of technology. Findings – The user is best understood as a relational term that bridges between people out there and renditions of them relevant for design. A distinction between “user representations” and “engaged use” is a key distinction to clarify this further. Research to date demonstrates that R & D organizations have a wide range of user representations and positioning human-centered design to these would advance its likely yie.
Effect and Risk of AEE788, a Dual Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitor, on Regeneration in a Rat Liver Resection Model

Background: AEE788, a dual tyrosine kinase inhibitor, has antiproliferative effects on diverse tumor models in mice. We aimed to investigate whether AEE788 blocks liver regeneration and causes drug-related side effects. Methods: Rats treated orally with 50 mg/kg AEE788 or solvent every 2 days were subjected to 70% partial hepatectomy (PH) and sacrificed on postoperative days 1, 2, 7, and 28. Liver regeneration was evaluated using liver weight to body weight ratio, BrdU-staining, mitotic index, and PCR for PCNA (proliferating cell nuclear antigen). Side effects on the gastrointestinal system and liver were assessed using clinical chemistry, histology, silver staining, and immunohistochemistry. Plasma and liver tissue levels of AEE788 were measured using spectrometry. Results: AEE788 treatment did not inhibit liver regeneration. No obvious drug-related systemic or hepatic side effects were observed. Restoration of liver architecture during liver regeneration was not obviously impaired, even after 4 weeks’ AEE788 treatment. After a 1-week treatment, AEE788 concentrations in plasma and liver tissue in the PH group were 3-fold and 8-fold higher than the non-PH group, respectively. Conclusion: Its antiproliferative properties, good tolerance, and lack of inhibition on liver regeneration make AEE788 a potential candidate for clinical study with oncological PH, but one that carries the risk of overexposure in the early postoperative phase.
Ca2+/calcineurin regulation of cloned vascular KATP channels: crosstalk with the protein kinase A pathway

Background and purpose: Vascular ATP‐sensitive potassium (KATP) channels are activated by cyclic AMP elevating vasodilators through protein kinase A (PKA). Direct channel phosphorylation is a critical mechanism, though the phosphatase opposing these effects is unknown. Previously, we reported that calcineurin, a Ca2+‐dependent phosphatase, inhibits KATP channels, though neither the site nor the calcineurin isoform involved is established. Given that the type‐2 regulatory (RII) subunit of PKA is a substrate for calcineurin we considered whether calcineurin regulates channel activity through interacting with PKA.
Phonological agraphia

Two writing routes (phonological and lexical) have been postulated. We studied four patients who had disruption of the phonological route (ie, inability to write pronounceable nonwords) but with a preserved lexical route. Results showed that the phonological route has two components: segmentation and phoneme-grapheme conversion. Disruption of either function may induce phonological agraphia. The preserved lexical route uses a whole-word mechanism and is strongly affected by semantic factors, such as imageability, emotionality, and grammatic class. Results of CT suggest that a portion of the supramarginal gyrus is the most likely anatomic substrate of phonological agraphia.
Time- and cell-type specific changes in iron, ferritin, and transferrin in the gerbil hippocampal CA1 region after transient forebrain ischemia

In the present study, we used immunohistochemistry and western blot analysis to examine changes in the levels and cellular localization of iron, heavy chain ferritin (ferritin-H), and transferrin in the gerbil hippocampal CA1 region from 30 minutes to 7 days following transient forebrain ischemia. Relative to sham controls, iron reactivity increased significantly in the stratum pyramidale and stratum oriens at 12 hours following ischemic insult, transiently decreased at 1-2 days and then increased once again within the CA1 region at 4-7 days after ischemia. One day after ischemia, ferritin-H immunoreactivity increased significantly in the stratum pyramidale and decreased at 2 days. At 4-7 days after ischemia, ferritin-H immunoreactivity in the glial components in the CA1 region was significantly increased. Transferrin immunoreactivity was increased significantly in the stratum pyramidale at 12 hours, peaked at 1 day, and then decreased significantly at 2 days after ischemia. Seven days after ischemia, Transferrin immunoreactivity in the glial cells of the stratum oriens and radiatum was significantly increased. Western blot analyses supported these results, demonstrating that compared to sham controls, ferritin H and transferrin protein levels in hippocampal homogenates significantly increased at 1 day after ischemia, peaked at 4 days and then decreased. These results suggest that iron overload-induced oxidative stress is most prominent at 12 hours after ischemia in the stratum pyramidale, suggesting that this time window may be the optimal period for therapeutic intervention to protect neurons from ischemia-induced death.
Exploring International Perspectives of Scientific Literacy: An Overview of the Special Issue

Scientific literacy has become something of a catch cry in science education circles worldwide. The nature of scientific literacy and how scientific literacy is developed and enacted in classrooms is explored in this special issue. An overview of the papers presented in this special issue suggests that many authors struggle to clearly define scientific literacy, and that its use in science education is muddled. We argue here that educators and curriculum developers first need to contextualize the notion of scientific literacy in their own particular educational setting before considering how it might advance science education.
A compact bandpass substrate integrated waveguide filter

The present paper highlights a compact and low cost bandpass substrate integrated waveguide (SIW) filter with two cavities. The (SIW) filter has well-known advantages of low insertion loss and high selectivity. It provides a significant solution to the integration of planar and nonplanar circuits. As the simulated results show, the stopband rejection of filter is more than 30dB while the insertion loss is less than -0.8dB at the bandpass, thus due to the effects of the high Q resonators.
Segmented interlocking nail: An in vivo evaluation of a novel humeral osteotomy fixation device in a caprine model

Summary Objectives: To describe a novel humeral fixation device, the insertion technique, healing of humeral osteotomies, and clinical outcomes in a caprine model over a six month period. Methods: Fourteen mature female Boer/Nubian cross goats with a mean body weight of 50.7 kg were implanted with a proprietary segmented interlocking nail (SILN) in both humeri. Each goat had one humerus randomly selected for mid-diaphyseal osteotomy. Results: Immediately after surgery all but one goat was able to stand, although none of the goats were weight bearing on the osteotomy limb. During the six month study, clinical lameness was always associated with the osteotomy limb. One month after surgery, lameness for twelve of the goats was grade 2/5 or better. At three months, 11 of the 14 did not exhibit any signs of lameness. On radio-graphic images, notable malalignment of the osteotomy was observed, although all osteotomies went to bone union. Clinical significance: The results of this study suggest that despite misalignment, the SILN maintained adequate osteotomy fixation to achieve bone union in the research model studied, with reduced morbidity and early return to function with bilateral implantation. The SILN used in this study allowed intramedullary fixation of humeral diaphyseal osteotomies with a limited and safe surgical approach.
Aging of human muscle: structure, function and adaptability

With increasing age, human skeletal muscles gradually decrease in volume, mainly due to a reduced number of motor units and muscle fibers, and a reduced size of type 2 fibers. As a result, progressive weakening and impaired mobility occur. High‐resistance strength training is beneficial, even in the very old, and could possibly reverse some of the detrimental effects of age‐related weakness. The importance of exercise for older people affords an excellent opportunity for the medicine community as a major source of information and promotion of physical activity for this rapidly growing segment of the population. In this review, we summarize the current knowledge of the effects of aging on the human neuromuscular system, describe some of the major underlying mechanisms of the aging atrophy and focus on the importance of strength training to improve muscle function in older people.
Calcium Channels and Associated Receptors in Malignant Brain Tumor Therapy

Malignant brain tumors are highly lethal and aggressive. Despite recent advances in the current therapies, which include the combination of surgery and radio/chemotherapy, the average survival rate remains poor. Altered regulation of ion channels is part of the neoplastic transformation, which suggests that ion channels are involved in cancer. Distinct classes of calcium-permeable channels are abnormally expressed in cancer and are likely involved in the alterations underlying malignant growth. Specifically, cytosolic Ca2+ activity plays an important role in the regulation of cell proliferation, and Ca2+ signaling is altered in proliferating tumor cells. A series of previous studies emphasized the importance of the T-type low-voltage-gated calcium channels (VGCC) in different cancer types, including gliomas, and remarkably, pharmacologic inhibition of T-type VGCC caused antiproliferative effects and triggered apoptosis of human glioma cells. Other calcium permeable channels, such as transient receptor potential (TRP) channels, contribute to changes in Ca2+ by modulating the driving force for Ca2+ entry, and some TRP channels are required for proliferation and migration in gliomas. Furthermore, recent evidence shows that TRP channels contribute to the progression and survival of the glioblastoma patients. Likewise, the purinergic P2X7 receptor acts as a direct conduit for Ca2+-influx and an indirect activator of voltage-gated Ca2+-channel. Evidence also shows that P2X7 receptor activation is linked to elevated expression of inflammation promoting factors, tumor cell migration, an increase in intracellular mobilization of Ca2+, and membrane depolarization in gliomas. Therefore, this review summarizes the recent findings on calcium channels and associated receptors as potential targets to treat malignant gliomas.
Central regulation of gastric emptying of solid nutrient meals by corticotropin releasing factor

Central regulation of gastric emptying of a solid nutrient meal and spatial and temporal parameters of gastro‐pyloro‐duodenal contractions by corticotropin‐releasing factor (CRF) were investigated in conscious dogs. Intracerebroventricular (ICV) infusion of CRF at 0.033 nmol kg−1 min−1 for 15 min in a volume of 0.2 mL significantly delayed the total gastric emptying time of the meal. ICV infusion of CRF also increased the mean frequency of proximal duodenal contractions and decreased the percentage of distally propagating contractions in the whole duodenum. The remaining parameters of pyloric and duodenal contractions were not affected. A prior ICV infusion of I‐helical CRF9–41 (0.166 nmol kg−1 min−1 for 15 min in a volume of 0.2 mL) blocked the central effects of CRF on gastric emptying time and the duodenal contractions. Central infusion of CRF had no significant effect on the lag phase of gastric emptying. Bilateral truncal vagotomy significantly delayed the gastric emptying time of the solid nutrient meal. However, after vagotomy, ICV infusion of CRF had no effect on gastric emptying time or the spatial and temporal parameters of gastro‐pyloro‐duodenal contractions. In conclusion, CRF, the mediator of stress response, delays the total gastric emptying time of solid nutrient meals. The delay in gastric emptying may not be due to a change in the spatial and temporal parameters of gastric or pyloric contractions, but mainly due to changes in the parameters of duodenal contractions. The central effects of CRF on gastric emptying and duodenal contractions may be mediated by the vagus nerves.