Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
A New Energy-Efficient Routing Algorithm Based on Ant Colony System for Wireless Sensor Networks

Due to the limited availability of energy within network nodes, energy-efficient routing mechanism is one of the most critical issues in wireless sensor networks. In this paper, we propose a multi-path routing algorithm with energy-aware based on ant colony system. The algorithm introduces three improved rules: Ant Marginalization Rule, State Transition Rule and Global Pheromone Update Rule to solve the problems of local convergence, local optimization and multi-path for transferring data respectively. It can avoid using up the energy of nodes on the optimal path while preserving network connectivity. Compared with traditional routing methods, simulation results demonstrate that the algorithm can help save energy and prolong the lifetime of the network.
Sharp sensitivity bounds for mediation under unmeasured mediator-outcome confounding

Abstract It is often of interest to decompose the total effect of an exposure into a component that acts on the outcome through some mediator and a component that acts independently through other pathways. Said another way, we are interested in the direct and indirect effects of the exposure on the outcome. Even if the exposure is randomly assigned, it is often infeasible to randomize the mediator, leaving the mediator-outcome confounding not fully controlled. We develop a sensitivity analysis technique that can bound the direct and indirect effects without parametric assumptions about the unmeasured mediator-outcome confounding.
La universidad desde su futuro

Este trabalho apresenta reflexoes sobre as tendencias e as vinculacoes que estao redefinindo a universidade quanto a sua historia, sua autonomia e a relacao da sua producao de conhecimentos, ciencia e tecnologia. Aponta a forma como as politicas de educacao superior da America Latina estao sendo tracadas mediante as regras de mercado e as pressoes dos organismos financeiros internacionais. Traca possiveis saidas para a universidade se manter como instimicao de sentido publico e beneficio social. Abstract: This work introduces reflections about the tendencies and commitmenr that are redefining universiry regarding its history, autonomy and its relationship with its knowledge production and science and technology. Ir shows the way policies of higher education in Latin America are being traced according to market mies and the pressures from international financial organisms. The arricle ourlines possible ways our for universiry to keep itself as an institution of public sense and social benefir. Keywords: University. Higher education. Policies of higher education. Universiry in Latin America
Modelling the optical constants of organic thin films: impact of the choice of objective function

In this work, we model the optical constants of three organic materials using a modified Lorentz oscillator model. We have analysed the impact of the choice of the objective or merit function, which is employed for model parameter estimation, on the modelling of the optical constants. The objective function for model parameter determination should be chosen in such a manner that discrepancies between the experimental and calculated values for both parts of the index of refraction are minimized at the same time. We have found that the choice of objective function strongly influences the existence of multiple solutions. By combining a global optimization method, an appropriately chosen objective function and a modified oscillator model, we obtain good agreement with the experimental data for three organic materials.
DANTE The Combination between an Ant Colony Optimization Algorithm and a Depth Search Method

The isin-DANTE method is an hybrid meta-heuristic. In combines the evolutionary ant colony optimization (ACO) algorithms with a limited depth search. This depth search is based in the pheromone trails used by the ACO, which allows it to be oriented to the more promising areas of the search space. Some results are presented for the multiple objective k-degree spanning trees problem, proving the effectiveness of the method when compared with other already tested evolutionary methods.
On three-dimensional instabilities of two-dimensional flows with a Z2 spatio-temporal symmetry

A number of two-dimensional time-periodic flows, for example the Kármán street wake of a symmetrical bluff body such as a circular cylinder, possess a spatio-temporal symmetry: a combination of evolution by half a period in time and a spatial reflection leaves the solution invariant. Floquet analyses for the stability of these flows to three-dimensional perturbations have in the past been based on the Poincaré map, without attempting to exploit the spatio-temporal symmetry. Here, Floquet analysis based on the half-periodflip map provides a comprehensive interpretation of the symmetry breaking bifurcations.
On the transfer of momentum from stellar jets to molecular outflows

While it is generally thought that molecular outflows from young stellar objects (YSOs) are accelerated by underlying stellar winds or highly collimated jets, the actual mechanism of acceleration remains uncertain. The most favoured model, at least for low and intermediate mass stars, is that the molecules are accelerated at jet-driven bow shocks. Here we investigate, through high resolution numerical simulations, the efficiency of this mechanism in accelerating ambient molecular gas without causing dissociation. The efficiency of the mechanism is found to be surprisingly low suggesting that more momentum may be present in the underlying jet than previously thought. We also compare the momentum transferring efficiencies of pulsed versus steady jets. We find that pulsed jets, and the corresponding steady jet with the same average velocity, transfer virtually the same momentum to the ambient gas. The additional momentum ejected sideways from the jet beam in the case of the pulsed jet only serves to accelerate post-shock jet gas which forms a, largely atomic, sheath around the jet beam. For both the steady and pulsing jets, we find a power law relationship between mass and velocity ($m(v) \propto v^{-\gamma}$) which is similar to what is observed. We also find that increasing the molecular fraction in the jet decreases $\gamma$ as one might expect. We reproduce the so-called Hubble law for molecular outflows and show that it is almost certainly a local effect in the presence of a bow shock.
Prevalence and Correlates of Unknown HIV Infection among Patients Seeking Care in a Public Hospital Emergency Department

Objectives. Screening for human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection in the emergency department (ED) has been proposed as an effective approach to increase early HIV diagnosis. To evaluate the potential for the implementation of routine screening, we determined the prevalence of unknown HIV infection among patients being seen in an urban public hospital ED. Methods. We conducted a cross-sectional study among patients presenting to the San Francisco General Hospital's ED during March 2007. We reviewed patients' medical records to determine HIV infection status. In patients with unknown or negative HIV-infection status, we tested de-identified remnant blood specimens by HIV-antibody and nucleic-acid assays. We used a sensitive/less sensitive testing algorithm to determine the duration of HIV infection. Results. During the study period, 1,820 patients had blood collected for clinical evaluation. Of those patients, 146 (8.0%) were known to be HIV-infected. Among the remaining 1,674 patients with unknown HIV-infection status, HIV-infection prevalence was 0.9% (15 of 1,674, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.55, 1.47). In addition, one case of acute HIV infection (HIV-antibody negative, HIV RNA detected) was identified. Patients with unknown HIV infection vs. those who were uninfected were more likely to be homeless (odds ratio [OR] = 3.89, 95% CI 1.32, 11.45, p<0.05) and 18 to 30 years of age (OR=3.15, 95% CI 1.03, 9.61, p<0.05). Conclusions. In a sample of patients visiting a county ED, the relative prevalence of unknown HIV infection (10%) was modest and less than national estimates (25%). Acutely HIV-infected patients might account for a significant proportion of those with unknown HIV infection in an ED setting.
On the use of the mass media for important things.

The mass media are ranked with respect to their perceived helpfulness in satisfying clusters of needs arising from social roles and individual dispositions. For example, integration into the sociopolitical order is best served by newspaper; while "knowing oneself " is best served by books. Cinema and books are more helpful as means of "escape" than is television. Primary relations, holidays and other cultural activities are often more important than the mass media in satisfying needs. Television is the least specialized medium, serving many different personal and political needs. The "interchangeability" of the media over a variety of functions orders televisions, radio, newspapers, books, and cinema in a circumplex. We speculate about which attributes of the media explain the social and psychological needs they serve best. The data, drawn from an Israeli survey, are presented as a basis for cross-cultural comparison. Disciplines Communication | Social and Behavioral Sciences This journal article is available at ScholarlyCommons: http://repository.upenn. edu/asc_papers/267 ON THE USE OF THE MASS MEDIA FOR IMPORTANT THINGS * ELIHU KATZ MICHAEL GUREVITCH
Characterization of Two Biphenyl Dioxygenases for Biphenyl/PCB Degradation in A PCB Degrader, Rhodococcus sp. Strain RHA1

Rhodococcus sp. RHA1 induces two biphenyl dioxygenases, the BphA and EtbA/EbdA dioxygenases, during growth on biphenyl. Their subunit genes were expressed in R. erythropolis IAM1399 to investigate the involvement of each subunit gene in their activity and their substrate preferences. The recombinant expressing ebdA1A2A3etbA4 and that expressing bphA1A2A3A4 exhibited 4-chlorobiphenyl (4-CB) transformation activity, suggesting that these gene sets are responsible for the EtbA/EbdA and BphA dioxygenases respectively. When bphA4 and etbA4 were swapped to construct the recombinants expressing ebdA1A2A3bphA4 and bphA1A2A3etbA4 respectively, compatibility between BphA4 and EtbA4 was suggested by their 4-CB transformation activities. When bphA3 and ebdA3 were swapped, incompatibility between BphA3 and EbdA3 was suggested. BphA and EtbA/EbdA dioxygenases exhibited the highest transformation activity toward biphenyl and naphthalene respectively, and also attacked dibenzofuran and dibenzo-p-dioxin. The wide substrate preference of EtbA/EbdA dioxygenase suggested that it plays a more important role in polychlorinated biphenyl (PCB) degradation than does BphA dioxygenase.
Combining latent semantic learning and reduced hypergraph learning for semi-supervised image categorization

This paper presents a novel framework that can combine latent semantic learning and reduced hypergraph learning for semi-supervised image categorization. To improve the traditional bag-of-features representation, we first propose a semantics-aware representation which can learn latent semantics automatically from a large vocabulary of abundant visual keywords through contextual spectral embedding. The learnt latent semantics can be readily used to define a histogram intersection kernel. Based on this semantics-aware kernel, we further develop a reduced hypergraph-based semi-supervised learning method to exploit both labeled and unlabeled images for image categorization. Experimental results have shown that the proposed framework can achieve significant improvements with respect to the state of the arts.
Using Faulty Flows in AND / OR Graphs to Model Survivability and Reliability in Distributed Systems

Desmedt, Wang and Burmester [1, 2, 3, 4] have used AND/OR graphs and flows in AND/OR graphs to model both manufacturing processes and problem solving processes, and to analyze the reliability and survivability of critical infrastructures such as cyber-infrastructures and energy infrastructures. In this paper, we revise their model so that the output flow from a faulty vertex is faulty (corresponding to an attack from inside or non-malicious fault) instead of zero (corresponding to a destroyed vertex). We also reconsider the problem of finding critical vertices and show that this problem is NP-complete.
Adhesion properties of bifidobacterium pseudocatenulatum G4 and bifidobacterium longum BB536 on HT-29 human epithelium cell line at different times and pH.

Abstract—Adhesion to the human intestinal cell is considered as one of the main selection criteria of lactic acid bacteria for probiotic use. The adhesion ability of two Bifidobacteriums strains Bifidobacterium longum BB536 and Bifidobacterium psudocatenulatum G4 was done using HT-29 human epithelium cell line as in vitro study. Four different level of pH were used 5.6, 5.7, 6.6, and 6.8 with four different times 15, 30, 60, and 120 min. Adhesion was quantified by counting the adhering bacteria after Gram staining. The adhesion of B. longum BB536 was higher than B. psudocatenulatum G4. Both species showed significant different in the adhesion properties at the factors tested. The highest adhesion for both Bifidobacterium was observed at 120 min and the low adhesion was in 15 min. The findings of this study will contribute to the introduction of new effective probiotic strain for future utilization.
The sociocommunicative deficit subgroup in anorexia nervosa: autism spectrum disorders and neurocognition in a community-based, longitudinal study

Background A subgroup of persons with anorexia nervosa (AN) have been proposed to have sociocommunicative problems corresponding to autism spectrum disorders [ASDs, i.e. DSM-IV pervasive developmental disorders (PDDs): autistic disorder, Asperger's disorder, PDD not otherwise specified (NOS)]. Here, clinical problems, personality traits, cognitive test results and outcome are compared across 16 subjects (32%) with teenage-onset AN who meet or have met ASD criteria (AN+ASD), 34 ASD-negative AN subjects and matched controls from a longitudinal Swedish study including four waves of independent assessments from the teens to the early thirties. Method The fourth wave included the Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-IV (SCID)-I and the SCID-II (cluster C, i.e. ‘anxious’ PDs) interviews, the Asperger Syndrome Diagnostic Interview, self-assessments by the Autism Spectrum Quotient and the Temperament and Character Inventory, neurocognitive tests by subscales from the Wechsler scales, continuous performance tests, Tower of London, and Happé's cartoons. Results The ASD assessments had substantial inter-rater reliability over time (Cohen's κ between 0.70 and 0.80 with previous assessments), even if only six subjects had been assigned a diagnosis of an ASD in all four waves of the study, including retrospective assessments of pre-AN neurodevelopmental problems. The AN+ASD group had the highest prevalence of personality disorders and the lowest Morgan–Russell scores. The non-ASD AN group also differed significantly from controls on personality traits related to poor interpersonal functioning and on neurocognitive tests. Conclusions A subgroup of subjects with AN meet criteria for ASDs. They may represent the extreme of neurocognitive and personality problems to be found more generally in AN.
The role of the epidermal growth factor receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitors as therapy for advanced, metastatic, and recurrent non-small-cell lung cancer: a Canadian national consensus statement

Purpose To provide consensus recommendations on the use of epidermal growth factor receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitors (egfr-tkis) in patients with advanced or meta-static non-small-cell lung cancer (nsclc). Methods Using a systematic literature search, phase ii trials, randomized phase iii trials, and meta-analyses were identified for inclusion. Results A total of forty-six trials were included. Clear evidence is available that egfr-tkis should not be administered concurrently with platinum-based chemotherapy as first-line therapy in advanced or metastatic nsclc. Evidence is currently insufficient to recommend single-agent egfr-tkis as first-line therapy either in unselected populations or in populations selected on the basis of molecular or clinical characteristics. Following failure of platinum-based chemotherapy, the evidence suggests that second-line egfr-tkis or second-line chemotherapy result in similar survival. Quality of life and symptom improvement for patients treated with an egfr-tki appear better than they do for patients treated with second-line docetaxel. Sequence of therapy may not appear to be important, but if survival is the outcome of interest, the goal should be to optimize the number of patients receiving three lines of therapy. Based on available data, molecular markers and clinical characteristics do not appear to be predictive of a differential survival benefit from an egfr-tki and therefore those factors should not be used to select patients for egfr-tki therapy. Conclusions The egfr-tkis represent an additional therapy in the treatment of advanced or metastatic nsclc. The results of ongoing clinical trials may define the optimal role for these agents and the effectiveness of combinations of these agents with other targeted agents.
An Oscillatory Current in Sheep Cardiac Purkinje Fibers

The inward current (“oscillatory current”) which may be present after the end of a depolarizing clamp was studied in sheep cardiac Purkinje fibers by means of a voltage-clamp method. The following results were obtained. In order to appear, the oscillatory current (Io<) requires a previous depolarization to = −20 mV or beyond and a repolarization to = −40 mV or to more negative potentials. The I0 requires a minimum duration of the depolarizing clamp and becomes larger with longer clamps. With repolarization to more negative potentials (= 90 mV), Io. becomes smaller and may disappear. Also, Io, can be triggered twice if the potential is clamped to two different levels in succession. By several procedures which modify the other known currents (fast Na+ current, slow inward current, early outward current, plateau current Ixi and pacemaker current), it can be demonstrated that Io. is not due to their oscillatory behavior and can occur in the absence of any one of them. Interventions which increase the contractile force presumably by increasing intracellular calcium stores enhance the Io» or may make it appear. In fact, these interventions may extend the voltage range over which Io» appears. These interventions include lowering potassium, increasing calcium, trains of depolarizing clamps, and administration of norepinephrine and of strophanthidin. It is concluded that I0» is a physiological event which is enhanced by certain procedures, and it appears to be of much importance in drive-induced arrhythmias under different conditions.
Norwegian intonation and the resolution of concessive anaphora

The present paper reports on a listening comprehension test in which the subjects’ task was to decide whether they felt there was an intended causal relation or an intended concessive relation between the conditional clause proposition and the main clause proposition expressed in a set of Norwegian spoken conditionals. In order to do that they had to select a context that would enable them to resolve the reference of the Norwegian concessive anaphor likevel (‘nevertheless’ or ‘after all’) which occurred in the main clause of each stimulus. We wanted to test the strength of various phonologically discrete prosodic cues relative to the importance of differences in the linear order of syntactic constituents or the occurrence of certain function words in the utterance. The prosodic features proved to be remarkably robust cues to the activation of a specific context. Not only did we find that stimuli which differed only in their prosodic form displayed consistent differences in the test subjects’ response patterns but we even found that prosodic features at the utterance level can neutralize the effect of function words that would otherwise help the hearer activate a contrasting context for utterance interpretation (paragraphs 3.1. and 3.3.).
Role of design in multiple patterning: Technology development, design enablement and process control

Multiple-patterning optical lithography is inevitable for technology scaling beyond the 22nm technology node. Multiple patterning imposes several counter-intuitive restrictions on layout and carries serious challenges for design methodology. This paper examines the role of design at different stages of the development and adoption of multiple patterning: technology development, design enablement, and process control. We discuss how explicit design involvement can enable timely adoption of multi-patterning with reduced costs both in design and manufacturing.
The human brain.

The human brain is an organ with distinct regions that mediate specific cerebral functions; regions are linked together into cerebral systems that mediate complex mental tasks. Even though the cellular constituents of brain regions can be similar (large neurons, interneurons, glia, and neurophil), their local and long tract connections are distinctive, as are aspects of their anatomy and neurochemistry. Almost all regions are structurally and functionally plastic well into maturity. The cerebral cortex has distinct regions (frontal, temporal, parietal, and occipital); subcortical structures (basal ganglia, thalamus, hypothalamus) interact with the cortex, often topographically. The cortex, both limbic and neocortex, is organized into layers that subserve its inputs, local circuits, and outputs. Even without a full understanding of how the human brain functions, systems of regional classification have sprung up to facilitate communication. One of the best known is the Brodmann’s Area classification, a system based on cellular morphology. Brodmann divided the cerebral regions into 46 surface areas. The regional demarcations are still used today because they describe regions that may be a “unit” size for behavioral function and are an easy descriptive tool. Both anatomic and functional features of the human brain are often mapped onto Brodmann’s areas.
Intelligent speed controllers for IPM motor drives

In this paper the comparative performances of the interior permanent magnet synchronous motor (IPMSM) drive system using proportional integral (PI) controller, proportional integral derivative (PID) controller, adaptive neural network (NN) controller, and wavelet based multiresolution proportional integral derivative (MRPID) controller are presented. In the proposed wavelet based MRPID controller, the discrete wavelet transform is used to decompose the error between actual and command speeds into different frequency components at various scales. The wavelet transformed coefficients of different scales are scaled by their respective gains, and then are added together to generate the control signal. The performances of the IPMSM drive system are investigated in simulation and experiments at different dynamic operating conditions. The vector control scheme of the conventional and proposed speed controllers based IPMSM drive system is successfully implemented in real-time using the digital signal processor board ds1102 on the laboratory 1-hp IPMSM. The simulation and laboratory test results confirm the superiority of the proposed wavelet based MRPID controller over the conventional speed controllers for wide spread applications in high performance industrial motor drive systems.