Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
IMPROVING PERSISTENCE THROUGH OBSERVATIONAL LEARNING AND ATTRIBUTION RETRAINING

Summary. This study aimed to improve the persistence of learned helpless children through reattribution training accomplished via observational learning. In addition, the relationships of effort attributions and intelligence to persistence behaviour were examined. In the initial phase, 65 Grade 5 and 6 subjects were presented with unsolvable puzzle-completion problems to gauge persistence levels; they also completed the Intellectual Achievement Responsibility Scale (IARS), and Raven's Progressive Matrices. IARS scores which reflected neglect of the effort factor in academic outcome correlated highly with persistence; intelligence scores were not related to persistence. In the second phase, the 32 least persistent subjects were assigned to control or vicarious reattribution training groups. The treatment was associated with increased persistence in female, but not male, subjects. The results are discussed in terms of exchange theory analysis and self-worth theory.
CRIMINAL CAREERS IN THE SHORT-TERM: INTRA-INDIVIDUAL VARIABILITY IN CRIME AND ITS RELATION TO LOCAL LIFE CIRCUMSTANCES*

We analyze month-to-month variations in offending and life circumstances of convicted felons to understand change in criminal behavior. We extend previous applications of social control theory by considering whether local life circumstances that strengthen or weaken social bonds influence offending over relatively short periods of time. We seek to determine whether formal and informal mechanisms of social control affect the likelihood of committing nine major felonies. We employ a hierarchical linear model that provides a within-individual analysis as we explore factors that determine the pattern of offending. The results suggest that meaningful short-term change in involvement in crime is strongly related to variation in local life circumstances. (Abstract Adapted from Source: American Sociological Review, 1995. Copyright © 1995 by the American Sociological Association) Social Bonding Social Control Theory Adult Crime Adult Offender Adult Violence Violence Causes Crime Causes Life Stress Crime Causes Violence Causes Stress Effects Offender Stress Adult Stress 04-03
The kinematics of the redundant N − 1 wire driven parallel robot

We address the kinematics of the redundant N - 1 wire-driven parallel robot, i.e. a robot with N >; 3 wires connected at the same point on the platform. The redundancy allows one to increase the workspace size. But we show, both theoretically and experimentally that if the wires are not elastic, then the redundancy cannot be used to control the wire tensions. Indeed we show that whatever are the number of wires there will always be only at most 3 wires in tension, while the other N - 3 wires will be slack. We then show that if the wires are elastic, then the platform positioning will be very sensitive to stiffness identification and wire lengths control. Hence classical redundant control schemes are difficult to use for such robot and alternate use of the geometry of redundant wires have to be considered.
Navigating romantic relationships on Facebook

The present study explores how people use social networking sites to adjust to breakups by studying their postdissolution behaviors. We apply Rollie and Duck’s (2006) relationship dissolution model by examining how collegiate Facebook users (N = 208) enact behaviors in breakups to extend the model to online environments during and after breakups. Furthermore, we employed a retrospective design utilizing qualitative methods to define categories of behavioral responses to a breakup on Facebook. The analysis revealed online behaviors that overlapped with the dissolution model as well as paralleled previous research into online behaviors. Results are discussed using the relationship dissolution model framework to individuals modifying online relationship statuses, “unfriending” previous partners, and limiting profile access in order to manage relationship termination.
Study of Density Based Clustering Techniques on Data Streams

Data streams are generated by many real time systems. Data stream is fast changing and massive. In stream data mining traditional methods are not efficient so that many methodologies developed to stream data processing. Many applications require data into groups based on its characteristics. So clustering on data streams is applied. Clustering of non liner data density based clustering is used. Review of clustering algorithm and methodologies is represented and evaluated if they meet requirement of users. Study of density based clustering algorithm is presented here because of advantages of density based clustering method over other clustering method.
Reconsidering the Power of the Superintendent in the Progressive Period

Raymond E. Callahan’s Education and the Cult of Efficiency advanced the widely accepted notion about superintendents being extremely vulnerable to myriad pressures and criticisms of various special interest groups. To test this vulnerability thesis, we followed the career path of a single school executive in three cities between 1914–1922. As an active and long-time influential member of the Department of Superintendence of the National Education Association, Ernest Clark Hartwell typified a stalwart, modern-day, career-bound superintendent who consistently controlled school affairs during his administration. More than merely surviving as a school executive, he built an educational empire by aligning himself with managerial elites and fellow career-bound superintendents. In our study of this first-generation progressive, we show how he won the right to dominate the affairs of schools, systematically applied a business ethos to his work, adopted antilabor practices to dash militant teachers’ hopes for democratic control, and enlarged a state-sanctioned school bureaucracy to shield himself from public criticism in different institutional settings.
Students, Schools, and Enrollment in Science and Humanity Courses in Israeli Secondary Education

This article examines the deteriorating status of the humanities and social sciences versus mathematics and the sciences in the curriculum of Israeli high schools. We examine this tendency by conducting a multi-level analysis of the effect of school and individual characteristics on inequality in curriculum specialization on a sample of academic-track 12th-graders in 1989. The main findings are (a) more able students, males, and members of the privileged Jewish ethnic group in Israel tend to specialize in mathematics and the sciences, and (b) students’ characteristics are the major determinant of course-taking in mathematics and the sciences, whereas school policy is central regarding the humanities and social sciences. The article discusses social implications of the findings.
The Economic Impact of Major Sports Events: A Review of Ten Events in the UK

Over recent years there has been a marked contrast between the discussions around the economic impact of major sports events in North America on the one hand and most of the rest of the world on the other. In the USA the sports strategies of cities in the USA have largely been based on infrastructure (stadium) investment for professional team sports, in particular, American football, baseball, basketball, and ice hockey. Over the last decade cities have offered greater and greater incentives for these professional teams to move from their existing host cities by offering to build a new stadium to house them. The teams sit back and let the host and competing cities bid up the price. They either move to the city offering the best deal or they accept the counter offer invariably put to them by their existing hosts. This normally involves the host city building a brand new stadium to replace the existing one which may only be ten or fifteen years old. The result is that at the end of the 1990s there were thirty major stadium construction projects in progress, around one-third of the total professional sports infrastructure, but over half of all professional teams in the USA have expressed dissatisfaction with their current facilities.
Magnetics integration scheme in interleaved fly-back topology for PV micro-inverters

Interleaved fly-back topology is widely used in PV micro-inverter due to its simple structure with the least component numbers. However, the efficiency in the fly-back transformer becomes a great challenge because of the high frequency fringing fluxes near the air-gap to cause great AC winding losses, especially with higher operation frequencies for increasing the power density. In order to reduce the winding losses and increase the power density, one of the solutions is to integrate or couple the two fly-back transformers which operate in phase-interleaved. The mechanics of the magnetic integration in reducing AC winding losses was revealed. The model for winding and core losses were built and the factors on winding and core losses were analyzed. Simulation and experimental results validate the effectiveness of the magnetic integration scheme.
Hybrid Power Generation System Using Offshore-Wind Turbine and Tidal Turbine for Power Fluctuation Compensation (HOT-PC)

Hybrid power generation system using Offshore-wind turbine and Tidal turbine for Power fluctuation Compensation (HOT-PC) is an autonomous power system. Electric power is generated from both offshore wind and tidal and is distributed over the load system. Power quality problems such as frequency fluctuations and voltage sags, which arise due to a fault or a pulsed load, can cause interruptions of critical loads. This can be a serious concern for the survivability of the offshore-wind power system. In the proposed system HOT-PC, the induction generator for the tidal turbine can play also as a motor to store kinetic energy to mitigate (make stable) the frequency and voltage fluctuation. The tidal generator is controlled by six-pulse insulated gate bipolar transistor (IGBT) bidirectional converter system. When the generator/motor is driven by the converter to exceed the tidal turbine rotating speed, it is mechanically isolated from the turbine by a one-way clutch and can charge and discharge the kinetic energy like a fly-wheel. In order to study the feasibility of the system, the laboratory scale model was designed and made. This paper presents the fundamental configuration of the system, the experimental results, and discussions of basic operation performance of the proposed system.
Gender Differences in Depressive Symptoms During Adolescence

Although boys present a similar or even higher rate of depressive symptoms than girls prior to adolescence, girls become more depressive than boys during their teenage years. Pubertal changes have been suggested to be more stressful for girls than for boys. In addition, they occur more often in synchronicity with the transition to high school, accounting for the emergence of a higher rate of depressive symptoms in girls than in boys during adolescence. Five hundred and forty-seven French-speaking adolescents between the ages of I I years and I8 years (M = 14.46 years; 279 girls and 268 boys) participated in the present cross-sectional study and completed the French versions of the Beck Depression Inventory, the Bem Sex-Role Inventory, the Life Event Questionnaire, the Rosenberg Self-Esteem Questionnaire, the body image sub-scale of the Offer Self-Image Questionnaire, and the Pubertal Development Scale. The results support the view that body image, self-esteem, and negative stressful life events mediate the relationship between gender and depressive symptoms during adolescence.Analyses of a subsample of adolescents who recently went through the transition to high school indicate that body image,self-esteem,and negative stressful life events mediate the relationship between pubertal status and depressive symptoms during the transition to high school.
Expressing Love in English and Russian: Common and Language-Specific Features

This paper documents cross-cultural similarities and variations in meaning shifts and polysemy extensions of the English noun love, the cognate verb to love, and their Russian equivalents throughout the period between the eleventh century and the present day. In both languages the words love and to love also refer, beside the central contemporary connotations around 'strong affection', to other emotions and feelings, in addition to behavioural responses associated with love. Regardless of some differences, the English love and to love, and the Russian ljubov' and ljubit', generally signify similar emotions, feelings, and behavioural responses, because similar factors influenced their range. The study illustrates how polysemy and meaning shifts can be a source of the understanding of the way the idea 'love' is conceptualized and expressed in different languages.
Branching on Split Disjunctions

Branch-and-Cut is the most commonly used algorithm for solving Integer and Mixed-Integer Linear Programs. In order to reduce the number of nodes that have to be enumerated before optimality of a solution can be proven, branching on general disjunctions (i.e. split disjunctions involving more than one variable, as opposed to branching on simple disjunctions defined on one variable only) was shown to be very effective on particular classes of instances, but not much work has been done to study general purpose methods of this kind. In this paper, we survey known results related to this line of research, and we study the relationship between branching and cutting from a split disjunction.
Evolutionary developmental perspective for the origin of turtles: the folding theory for the shell based on the developmental nature of the carapacial ridge

SUMMARY The body plan of the turtle represents an example of evolutionary novelty for acquisition of the shell. Unlike similar armors in other vertebrate groups, the turtle shell involves the developmental repatterning of the axial skeleton and exhibits an unusual topography of musculoskeletal elements. Thus, the turtle provides an ideal case study for understanding changes in the developmental program associated with the morphological evolution of vertebrates. In this article, the evolution of the turtle‐specific body plan is reviewed and discussed. The key to understanding shell patterning lies in the modification of the ribs, for which the carapacial ridge (CR), a turtle‐specific embryonic anlage, is assumed to be responsible. The growth of the ribs is arrested in the axial part of the body, allowing dorsal and lateral oriented growth to encapsulate the scapula. Although the CR does not appear to induce this axial arrest per se, it has been shown to support the fan‐shaped patterning of the ribs, which occurs concomitant with marginal growth of the carapace along the line of the turtle‐specific folding that takes place in the lateral body wall. During the process of the folding, some trunk muscles maintain their ancestral connectivities, whereas the limb muscles establish new attachments specific to the turtle. The turtle body plan can thus be explained with our knowledge of vertebrate anatomy and developmental biology, consistent with the evolutionary origin of the turtle suggested by the recently discovered fossil species, Odontochelys.
Areas of learning

This article examines the recommendations made by the Independent Review of the Primary Curriculum (the Rose Report in 2009) that the curriculum should be organised into areas of learning. The implications for teachers are considered. By drawing upon past experience some major weaknesses and strengths implicit in the approach are identified and suggestions for future practice outlined.
Extending CertificateLess Authentication for Wireless Sensor Networks: A Novel Insight

Authentication in low power devices is still considered to be an expensive process. CertificateLess Signature is one of the approaches to facilitate authentication in these devices. Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs) are such low power inexpensive networks, which needs authentication of message. In this paper, a CertificateLess Signature proposed by Gong et al. is analyzed and an approach is being proposed to reduce the computation cost by more than 50 percent. The main benefits of our approach are (i) some computations can be performed by Key Generation Center (KGC) instead of sensor node (ii) signature size is merely increased a few bytes but saves a lot computation in multi-hop networks (iii) balance of computations on all sensor nodes and hence, increases the overall network lifetime.
Just‐in‐time, viable, 3‐D avatars from scans

We demonstrate a system that can generate a photorealistic, interactive 3‐D character from a human subject that is capable of movement, emotion, speech, and gesture in less than 20 min without the need for 3‐D artist intervention or specialized technical knowledge through a near automatic process. Our method uses mostly commodity or off‐the‐shelf hardware. We demonstrate the just‐in‐time use of generating such 3‐D models for virtual and augmented reality, games, simulation, and communication. We anticipate that the inexpensive generation of such photorealistic models will be useful in many venues where a just‐in‐time 3‐D reconstructions of digital avatars that resemble particular human subjects is necessary.
The authors reply: PTSD due to childbirth stands at between 3.1% (adjusted) and 5.8% (unadjusted)

Alcorn et al. (2010) was a prospective longitudinal study of the prevalence of post-traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) resulting from childbirth events. One of the features of this work was not only to estimate the absolute prevalence of PTSD, but to adjust these estimates for pre-existing PTSD symptomatology and other more common postnatal symptomatology, such as depression and anxiety. It is of course possible if not probable, that these affective expressions are comorbid or predominantly represent the same underlying post-traumatic sequelae.
Modèle d'Uppsala et implantation des firmes multinationales agroalimentaires

Cet article discute du modele d’Uppsala a travers l’examen de l’implantation d’une multinationale dans un pays en transition : le cas de l’evolution de la presence de Danone en Algerie. L’analyse longitudinale menee entre 2003 et 2006 a permis d’identifier plusieurs limites au modele. Les resultats ont souligne la specificite du comportement des multinationales en termes de « saut » d’etapes et de non-linearite du processus d’implantation. Aussi, l’analyse des interactions entre les filiales et celle des liens intermetiers, nous ont permis de proposer des extensions possibles au modele initial d’Uppsala. Ces extensions devront integrer les facteurs d’environnement externe (marche vise, structure competitive).
Construct and Concurrent Validity of the Career Decision-Making Difficulties Questionnaire

In order to examine the construct and concurrent validity of the Career Decision-making Difficulties Questionnaire (CDDQ), responses of 403 university students (76% freshmen) to this questionnaire as well as to the Career Decision Scale (CDS) and the Career Decision-Making Self-Efficacy Scale (CDMSES) were analyzed. As hypothesized, the correlation between the CDDQ and the CDS was positive (.77), and the correlations of these two questionnaires with the CDMSES were negative (-.50 and -.52, respectively). The structure of the 10 difficulty categories of the CDDQ replicated previous findings. In addition, undecided students had significantly higher CDDQ and CDS scores, and lower CDMSES scores than decided students. The implications of the findings for the assessment of difficulties associated with career decision making in counseling and research are discussed.
Retrievable vena cava filters for preventing pulmonary embolism in trauma patients: a cautionary tale.

BACKGROUND Retrievable vena cava filters (RFs) offer the appeal of short-term prophylaxis for trauma patients temporarily at risk for pulmonary embolism (PE) without the long-term risks of permanent vena cava filters (PFs). However, the evidence that RFs and PFs reduce the risks of PE and death in trauma patients is not conclusive. RFs were introduced at our trauma center in August 2002. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effects of RFs on our strategy to prevent PE in trauma patients. METHODS We reviewed our trauma registry to compare rates of filter placement, filter-related complications (FRCs), and PE before (Group I: January 2000 to August 15, 2002) and after (Group II: August 16, 2002 through December 2004) RF introduction. Indication for filter placement, filter retrieval, FRCs, and incidence of PE were compared. RESULTS There were 5,042 patients in Group I and 5,038 patients in Group II. There was a threefold increase in filter placement in Group II compared with Group I (55 [1.1%] versus 161 [3.2%]; p < 0.001). There were no significant differences between the rates of PE (0.2% versus 0.2%, p = 0.636) or major FRCs (1.8% versus 2.5%, p = 0.777). Major FRCs included two filter infections with sepsis, one vena cava thrombotic occlusion, one filter lodged in the jugular vein during retrieval, and one PE after filter placement. RF removal was attempted in 43 (27%) patients and successful in 33 (21%). CONCLUSION The advent of RFs was associated with a threefold increase in vena cava filter placement in our trauma center. Major FRCs were encountered and a very low incidence of PE was not altered by their use. Successful removal could be verified in only 21% of RFs. The results of this study lead us to question the rationale for a more liberal use of vena cava filters in trauma patients.
The distribution of ingested horseradish peroxidase in the 16-cell mouse embryo.

Cells of the 16-cell mouse embryo endocytose horseradish peroxidase (HRP) which becomes localized in most cases to a juxtanuclear position. Cells that have ingested HRP in intact embryos, and cells dissociated from embryos prior to culture in HRP, showed similar patterns of cytoplasmic distribution of the ingested enzyme. Cells in the embryo in situ were incubated in HRP, and then labelled with fluorescent antibody either before (to label the outside surface of the embryo) or after (to reveal populations of outer polar and inner apolar cells) their disaggregation into single cells. The population of polar outside cells from the morula includes more cells with a highly restricted localization of HRPcontaining vesicles than does the population of inside cells, and this restricted localization underlies the exposed surface or pole of the cell. A 2/16 couplet formed by division in vitro of a 1/8 cell is comparable to the pairs of cells dissociated from 16-cell embryos; most couplets from either source consisted of a larger cell that showed polarized surface binding of fluorescent ligand (fluorescent pole) and a smaller cell with a uniform distribution of bound ligand. The incidence of restricted patterns of HRP staining was highest among populations of both larger and polar cells. When 1/8 cells labelled with HRP are observed during division to 2/16, the previously clustered vesicles of ingested HRP become more dispersed throughout the cytoplasm and, although the two cells of some couplets can stain differently very soon after their formation, the patterns of distribution of HRP take about 1 h after division to stabilize. These observations are consistent with cells of the 16-cell embryo inheriting different features of cytoplasmic organization.
Retaining Latino Students

In this article the authors define and describe culturally responsive teaching (CRT) in college and university courses. Whereas, the Latino population in our K-12 schools has grown rapidly, we have not seen such growth in the population of Latino students in our postsecondary schools. It is the authors’ position that CRT can be a tool in helping Latinos students be more successful in traditionally White dominated colleges and universities.