Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Lunar laser ranging utilizing a highly efficient solid-state detector in the near-IR

Ranging to the moon in the optical domain sets high demands on the tracking station. Apart from precise pointing and tracking with error tolerances of less than 1 second of arc, it also requires the capability for single photon event timing in the presence of significant background light levels. As a consequence of this technological challenge, there are only very few laser ranging stations like the McDonald Laser Ranging Station (MLRS) and the MeO station near Grasse in France that have successfully tracked the moon over the last almost 50 years. The Geodetic Observatory Wettzell is a fundamental station for Global Geodetic Observing System (GGOS) and therefore combines all the major measurement techniques of space geodesy collocated in one place. While the Wettzell Laser Ranging System (WLRS) has obtained a few observations of the Apollo 15 target in the past, the data volume was too sparse to make a significant contribution. Recent progress in the development of highly sensitive IR photon counting detectors has provided a new generation of diodes that offer high quantum efficiency at the fundamental wavelength of Nd:YAG at 1.064 μm and very short signal rise times at the same time. Furthermore they exhibit a very low intrinsic detector noise level. Together with a 75 mJ pulse energy and a laser pulse width as small as 10 ps, the WLRS has now repeatedly observed the Lunakhod 1 and the Apollo 15 target with a good signal to noise ratio, so that the remaining measurement error is limited to the effective reflector depth of the respective lunar targets in the presence of the libration of the moon. This talk outlines the station characteristics and discusses the detector performance for this high demanding application.
Identification and Characterization of Small Molecule Inhibitors of Plasmodium falciparum Dihydroorotate Dehydrogenase*

Plasmodium falciparum causes the most deadly form of malaria and accounts for over one million deaths annually. The malaria parasite is unable to salvage pyrimidines and relies on de novo biosynthesis for survival. Dihydroorotate dehydrogenase (DHOD), a mitochondrially localized flavoenzyme, catalyzes the rate-limiting step of this pathway and is therefore an attractive antimalarial chemotherapeutic target. Using a target-based high throughput screen, we have identified a series of potent, species-specific inhibitors of P. falciparum DHOD (pfDHOD) that are also efficacious against three cultured strains (3D7, HB3, and Dd2) of P. falciparum. The primary antimalarial mechanism of action of these compounds was confirmed to be inhibition of pfDHOD through a secondary assay with transgenic malaria parasites, and the structural basis for enzyme inhibition was explored through in silico structure-based docking and site-directed mutagenesis. Compound-mediated cytotoxicity was not observed with human dermal fibroblasts or renal epithelial cells. These data validate pfDHOD as an antimalarial drug target and provide chemical scaffolds with which to begin medicinal chemistry efforts.
Bandit Algorithms in Interactive Information Retrieval

The multi-armed bandit problem models an agent that simultaneously attempts to acquire new knowledge (exploration) and optimize his decisions based on existing knowledge (exploitation). The agent attempts to balance these competing tasks in order to maximize his total value over the period of time considered. There are many practical applications of the bandit model, such as clinical trials, adaptive routing or portfolio design. Over the last decade there has been an increased interest in developing bandit algorithms for specific problems in information, such as diverse document ranking, news recommendation or ranker evaluation. The aim of this tutorial is to provide an overview of the various applications of bandit algorithms in information retrieval as well as issues related to their practical deployment and performance in real-life systems/applications.
Embedded Industrial Field Controller Hardware Design Based on Wireless Network

In this paper presented a embedded industrial field controller based on wireless network and given the hardware design scheme. This system can realize analog data acquisition, control of the analog output, wireless transmitting real-time data and shown in PC and other mobile terminal equipment, through the wireless sending control command and response control command to achieve specific functions, but also can draw the real-time dynamic curve. This design has wide engineering application value.
Histamine H1-Receptor Antagonists, Promethazine and Homochlorcyclizine, Increase the Steady-State Plasma Concentrations of Haloperidol and Reduced Haloperidol

The effects of histamine H1-receptor antagonists, promethazine and homochlorcyclizine, both of which are inhibitors of CYP2D6, on the steady-state plasma concentrations (Css) of haloperidol and reduced haloperidol were studied in 23 schizophrenic inpatients receiving haloperidol, 12 to 36 mg/d, for 2 to 29 weeks. Promethazine, 150 mg/d, in 11 patients and homochlorcyclizine, 60 mg/d, in the others were coadministered for at least 1 week. Blood sampling was performed before and during coadministration of promethazine or homochlorcyclizine and 1 week after the discontinuation, together with clinical assessments by Brief Psychiatric Rating Scale (BPRS) and Udvalg for kliniske undersogelser (UKU) side effect rating scale. The Css (mean ± SD) of haloperidol and reduced haloperidol during promethazine coadministration (27.6 ± 24.9 and 8.6 ± 13.2 ng/mL) were significantly higher than those before the coadministration (12.7 ± 10.8 and 5.0 ± 6.0 ng/mL;P < 0.01) or 1 week after the discontinuation (15.6 ± 14.8 and 5.8 ± 7.9 ng/mL;P < 0.05). The Css of haloperidol and reduced haloperidol during homochlorcyclizine coadministration (14.9 ± 8.1 and 6.4 ± 5.4 ng/mL) were also significantly higher than those before the coadministration (10.9 ± 7.2 and 3.8 ± 3.6 ng/mL;P < 0.01) or 1 week after the discontinuation (12.9 ± 7.4 and 4.8 ± 4.1 ng/mL;P < 0.05). No change in BPRS or UKU score was found throughout the study. Thus, the current study suggests that coadministration of clinical doses of promethazine and homochlorcyclizine increases the Css of haloperidol and reduced haloperidol via the inhibitory effects on the CYP2D6-catalyzed metabolism of haloperidol and reduced haloperidol.
Evaluation of SAR in a human body model due to wireless power transmission in the 10 MHz band

This study discusses a computational method for calculating the specific absorption rate (SAR) due to a wireless power transmission system in the 10 MHz frequency band. A two-step quasi-static method comprised of the method of moments and the scalar potential finite-difference method are proposed. The applicability of the quasi-static approximation for localized exposure in this frequency band is discussed by comparing the SAR in a lossy dielectric cylinder computed with a full-wave electromagnetic analysis and the quasi-static approximation. From the computational results, the input impedance of the resonant coils was affected by the existence of the cylinder. On the other hand, the magnetic field distribution in free space and considering the cylinder and an impedance matching circuit were in good agreement; the maximum difference in the amplitude of the magnetic field was 4.8%. For a cylinder–coil distance of 10 mm, the difference between the peak 10 g averaged SAR in the cylinder computed with the full-wave electromagnetic method and our quasi-static method was 7.8%. These results suggest that the quasi-static approach is applicable for conducting the dosimetry of wireless power transmission in the 10 MHz band. With our two-step quasi-static method, the SAR in the anatomically based model was computed for different exposure scenarios. From those computations, the allowable input power satisfying the limit of a peak 10 g averaged SAR of 2.0 W kg−1 was 830 W in the worst case exposure scenario with a coil positioned at a distance of 30 mm from the chest.
Do Financial Literacy and Mistrust Affect 401(K) Participation

The private pension landscape has changed dramatically over the past quarter century, with a decisive shift away from traditional defined benefit plans toward defined contribution plans, primarily 401(k)s. Under the typical 401(k), individuals are responsible for making their own retirement saving decisions. The first, and most important, decision is whether to participate in the plan. As many as one-third of participants choose not to join, sparking concern about their retirement security.Many researchers have explored why employees fail to participate in 401(k)s. Potential reasons include economic factors, such as insufficient income, as well as behavioral explanations, such as procrastination. Meanwhile, recent efforts to understand financial decision-making more broadly have focused on the role of financial literacy. And researchers attempting to understand banking and other financial relationships have drawn attention to the role of mistrust in influencing individuals' choices.
Normal values of Pulsatility Index front fetal vessels: A cross-sectional study on 1556 healthy fetuses

In a cross-sectional study of 1556 uncomplicated pregnancies velocity waveforms were recorded at the level of fetal umbilical artery, descending aorta, renal artery, internal carotid artery and middle cerebral artery. Reference limits for the Pulsatility Index of each vessel were constructed by regression analysis and a progressive fall during gestation was evidenced in all the vascular districts investigated with the exception of descending aorta. Furthermore we calculated the ratios between Pulsatility Index values of cerebral and peripheral vessels which may be relevant for the early diagnosis of the haemodynamic abnormalities occurring during the brain sparing effect.
Fantile Autism. I: A Prospective Study of the Diagnosis

A prospective study was made of 200 consecutive children to evaluate the usefulness in the diagnosis of infantile autism of the behavioral scale reported by Clancy and coworkers in 1969. On this scale seven or more of 14 behavioral manifestations must be present before a diagnosis of autism can be made. Using this scale alone, 48 of the 200 children studied were ‘scale positive’, i.e. could be considered autistic. However, further study of this group showed that only one child fulfilled the classical criteria of Kanner (1943) for a diagnosis of early infantile autism. Scale ‘positivity’ was found to correlate with mental retardation and to be associated with other developmental defects, especially learning disorders and hearing loss.
THE DETECTION OF PLASTICITY GENES IN HETEROGENEOUS ENVIRONMENTS

The molecular genetic mechanisms for phenotypic plasticity across heterogeneous macro‐ and microenvironments were examined using the Populus genomic map constructed by DNA‐based markers. Three hypotheses have been suggested to explain genetic variation in phenotypic response to varying environments (i.e., reaction norm): Lerner's homeostasis, allelic sensitivity, and gene regulation. The homeostasis hypothesis, which predicts that heterozygotes are less sensitive to the environment than homozygotes, was supported for phenotypic plasticity to unpredictable environments (microenvironmental plasticity) at the whole‐genome level, but for phenotypic plasticity to predictable environments (macroenvironmental plasticity) the hypothesis was supported only at functioning quantitative trait loci (QTLs). For all growth traits studied, gene regulation was suggested to play a prevailing role in determining the norms of reaction to environments. Indirect evidence for gene regulation is that there tend to be more QTLs with larger effects on the phenotype in optimal growing conditions than suboptimal growing conditions because the expression of these QTLs identified is mediated by regulatory genes. Direct evidence for gene regulation is the identification of some loci that differ from QTLs for trait values within environments and exert an environmentally dependent control over structural gene expression. In this study, fewer environmentally sensitive QTLs were detected that display unparalleled allelic effects across environments. For stem height, there were more regulatory loci and more structural loci (whose expression is determined by gene regulation) affecting phenotypic plasticity than for basal area. It was found that microenvironmental plasticity was likely controlled by different genetic systems than those for macroenvironmental plasticity.
Combinatorial hybrid systems

As initially suggested by E. Sontag, it is possible to approximate an arbitrary nonlinear system by a set of piecewise linear systems. In this work we concentrate on how to control a system given by a set of piecewise linear systems defined on simplices. By using the results of L. Habets and J. van Schuppen, it is possible to find a controller for the system on each of the simplices thus guaranteeing that the system flow on the simplex only will leave the simplex through a subset of its faces. Motivated by R. Forman, on the triangulated state space we define a combinatorial vector field, which indicates for a given face the future simplex. In the suggested definition we allow nondeterminacy in form of splitting and merging of solution trajectories. The combinatorial vector field gives rise to combinatorial counterparts of most concepts from dynamical systems, such as duals to vector fields, flow, flow lines, fixed points and Lyapunov functions. Finally it will be shown how this theory extends to switched dynamical systems and an algorithmic overview of how to do supervisory control will be shown towards the end.
Olanzapine and clozapine

Objective: To compare olanzapine and clozapine for safety and efficacy measures of psychosis and motor function in patients with PD and chronic hallucinations. Background: Hallucinations occur in approximately one third of patients with PD treated chronically with dopaminergic drugs. Although clozapine is known to be an effective antipsychotic agent that does not significantly exacerbate parkinsonism, its use requires frequent blood count assessment. Olanzapine is another novel antipsychotic that is not associated with blood dyscrasia, and if equally effective could become the preferred drug for treating hallucinations in subjects with PD. Methods: A randomized, double-blind, parallel comparison of olanzapine and clozapine in patients with PD with chronic hallucinations was conducted. The primary outcome measure was the Scale for the Assessment of Positive Symptoms (SAPS) for psychotic symptoms. The Unified Parkinson’s Disease Rating Scale (UPDRS) motor subscale was used as a secondary outcome measure and as a safety monitoring tool. Results: After 15 patients had completed the study, safety stopping rules were invoked because of exacerbated parkinsonism in olanzapine-treated subjects. UPDRS motor impairment scores from baseline to study end significantly increased with olanzapine treatment, and change scores between the olanzapine and clozapine groups significantly differed. The primary clinical domains responsible for the motor decline were gait and bradykinesia. Even with a smaller patient number than originally anticipated, clozapine significantly improved hallucinations and overall behavioral assessment, whereas olanzapine had no effect. Conclusions: At the doses studied, olanzapine aggravates parkinsonism in comparison with clozapine and should not be regularly used in the management of hallucinations in patients with PD.
An In‐House Learning Laboratory for Patient‐Centered Innovation

Abstract: Profound economic and social forces are challenging healthcare organizations to deliver higher quality care that is more patient‐centered and evidence‐based. We describe a novel way in which organizations can respond to the challenge of patient‐centered, evidence‐based innovation—an in‐house learning laboratory for healthcare delivery services and processes. Mayo Clinic's SPARC Innovation Program, initiated in 2002 and fully operational in 2005, facilitates the generation of new ideas, tests prototypes, and disseminates the knowledge required for systemic, repeatable organizational innovation. Results from the innovation program suggest that healthcare organizations can successfully develop and realize value from such learning laboratories.
Rents and the Political Economy of Development Aid

Empirical studies suggest little impact of foreign aid on growth on average. As aid can be viewed as a sovereign rent akin to natural resource rents, it is likely that rent seeking plays a role in explaining this disappointing outcome. The analytic starting point of this paper is the long chain of agents connecting donors in rich countries with beneficiaries in poor countries, making aid a contestable rent for recipients at both the international and the domestic levels. Thus, rent seeking can distract attention and divert resources from more important sources of long-term progress. Moreover, there are serious incentive problems on the donor side of the relationship. Empirically, the effects seem quite heterogeneous and hence more research is needed to further our understanding of this complex system.
Thermostability and Photostability of Photosystem II in Leaves of the Chlorina-f2 Barley Mutant Deficient in Light-Harvesting Chlorophyll a/b Protein Complexes

The chlorophyll-b-less chlorina-f2 barley mutant is deficient in the major as well as some minor light-harvesting chlorophyll-protein complexes of photosystem II (LHCII). Although the LHCII deficiency had relatively minor repercussions on the leaf photosynthetic performances, the responses of photosystem II (PSII) to elevated temperatures and to bright light were markedly modified. The chlorina-f2 mutation noticeably reduced the thermostability of PSII, with thermal denaturation of PSII starting at about 35[deg]C and 38.5[deg]C in chlorina-f2 and in the wild type, respectively. The increased susceptibility of PSII to heat stress in chlorina-f2 leaves was due to the weakness of its electron donor side, with moderate heat stress causing detachment of the 33-kD extrinsic PSII protein from the oxygen-evolving complex. Prolonged dark adaptation of chlorina-f2 leaves was also observed to inhibit the PSII donor side. However, weak illumination slowly reversed the dark-induced inhibition of PSII in chlorina-f2 and cancelled the difference in PSII thermostability observed between chlorina-f2 and wild-type leaves. The mutant was more sensitive to photoinhibition than the wild type, with strong light stress impairing the PSII donor side in chlorina-f2 but not in the wild type. This difference was not observed in anaerobiosis or in the presence of 3-(3,4-dichlorophenyl)- 1,1-dimethylurea, diuron. The acceptor side of PSII was only slightly affected by the mutation and/or the aforementioned stress conditions. Taken together, our results indicate that LHCII stabilize the PSII complexes and maintain the water-oxidizing system in a functional state under varying environmental conditions.
High‐risk HPV platforms and test of cure: should specific HPV platforms more suited to screening in a ‘test of cure’ scenario be recommended?

When the Sheffield screening laboratory changed the high‐risk human papillomavirus (hrHPV) platforms from hybrid capture 2® (HC2; Digene Ltd) and to cobas 4800® (Roche) an unexpected and substantial increase in the number of cytology‐negative/hrHPV‐positive test‐of‐cure (ToC) samples after large loop excision of the transformation zone (LLETZ) was noted. We explore the potential reasons for these increased rates and discuss the implications this may have on the English NHS cervical screening programme (CSP).
Essential role of carbonic anhydrase XII in secretory gland fluid and HCO3− secretion revealed by disease causing human mutation

Fluid and HCO3− secretion is essential for all epithelia; aberrant secretion is associated with several diseases. Carbonic anhydrase XII (CA12) is the key carbonic anhydrase in epithelial fluid and HCO3− secretion and works by activating the ductal Cl−–HCO3− exchanger AE2. Delivery of CA12 to salivary glands increases salivation in mice and of the human mutation CA12(E143K) markedly inhibits it. The human mutation CA12(E143K) causes disease due to aberrant CA12 glycosylation, and misfolding resulting in loss of AE2 activity.
[Technology Shocks and Aggregate Fluctuations: How Well Does the Real Business Cycle Model Fit Postwar U.S. Data?]: Comment

Jordi Gali and Pau Rabanal's paper presents a comprehensive review and synthesis of a rapidly growing literature on the role of technology shocks in business-cycle fluctuations. The paper is a must read for anyone who wishes to understand this literature. In addition to reviewing and consolidating the evidence, Gall and Rabanal specify and estimate the parameters of a model with both real and nominal rigidities to determine which features of the model are important for matching key aspects of the data. The issues discussed in this paper are central to macroeconomics. Four separate questions are raised by this paper: * Does a positive technology shock lead hours to rise in the data? * Do technology shocks account for an important part of the variance of output and hours at business-cycle frequencies? * What does the evidence on technology shocks imply about the relevance of real versus nominal rigidities? * What are the main sources of economic fluctuations?
Correlates of Nonparticipation in the Canadian Study of Health and Aging

Correlates of nonparticipation in the community interview component of the Canadian Study of Health and Aging and their impact on bias in the results were analyzed. Characteristics of study subjects, their habitats, and encouragement techniques were analyzed to indentify correlates of variation in response rates across the 18 study centers. Refusal rates from 14% to 41% varied by age, gender, city size, number of subjects and length of time for enrollment, and method of approach. Cognitively impaired subjects had higher refusal rates which affected prevalence estimates. At one study site, efforts to “convert” subjects who initially refused to participate in the survey were successful with 26% of those who were recontacted.
Prediction of gait events in walking activities with a Bayesian perception system

In this paper, a robust probabilistic formulation for prediction of gait events from human walking activities using wearable sensors is presented. This approach combines the output from a Bayesian perception system with observations from actions and decisions made over time. The perception system makes decisions about the current gait events, while observations from decisions and actions allow to predict the most probable gait event during walking activities. Furthermore, our proposed method is capable to evaluate the accuracy of its predictions, which permits to obtain a better performance and trade-off between accuracy and speed. In our work, we use data from wearable inertial measurement sensors attached to the thigh, shank and foot of human participants. The proposed perception system is validated with multiple experiments for recognition and prediction of gait events using angular velocity data from three walking activities; level-ground, ramp ascent and ramp descent. The results show that our method is fast, accurate and capable to evaluate and adapt its own performance. Overall, our Bayesian perception system demonstrates to be a suitable high-level method for the development of reliable and intelligent assistive and rehabilitation robots.