Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Uncommon high-risk lesions of the breast diagnosed at stereotactic core-needle biopsy: clinical importance.

PURPOSE To assess the outcome of papillary lesions, radial scars, or lobular carcinoma in situ (LCIS) diagnosed at stereotactic core-needle biopsy (SCNB). MATERIALS AND METHODS Retrospective review of 1,236 lesions sampled with SCNB yielded 22 papillary lesions, nine radial scars, and five LCIS lesions. Diffuse lesions such as papillomatosis, papillary ductal hyperplasia, papillary ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS), and atypical lobular hyperplasia were not included. The mammographic findings, associated histologic features, and outcome were assessed for each case. RESULTS Sixteen papillary lesions were diagnosed as benign at SCNB. Of these, five were benign at excision, and 10 were unremarkable at mammographic follow-up. At excision of an unusual lesion containing a microscopic papillary lesion, DCIS was found. Three of four papillary lesions suspicious at SCNB proved to be papillary carcinomas; the fourth had no residual carcinoma at excision. Eight of nine radial scars were excised, which revealed atypical hyperplasia in four scars but no malignancies. One LCIS lesion was found at excision to contain DCIS. CONCLUSION Benign or malignant papillary lesions were accurately diagnosed with SCNB in the majority of cases. Cases diagnosed as suspicious for malignancy or with atypia or unusual associated histologic findings should be excised. No malignancies were found at excision of radial scars diagnosed at SCNB. Surgical removal of these lesions following SCNB may not be routinely necessary. DCIS was found in one lesion diagnosed as LCIS at SCNB, which suggests that removal of these lesions may be prudent.
Nonparametric bayesian models of lexical acquisition

The child learning language is faced with a daunting task: to learn to extract meaning from an apparently meaningless stream of sound. This thesis rests on the assumption that the kinds of generalizations the learner may make are constrained by the interaction of many different types of stochastic information, including innate learning biases. I use computational modeling to investigate how the generalizations made by unsupervised learners are affected by the sources of information available to them. I adopt a Bayesian perspective, where both internal representations of language and any learning biases are made explicit. I begin by presenting a generic framework for language modeling based on nonparametric Bayesian statistics, where model complexity grows with the amount of input data. This framework divides the work of modeling between a generator, which generates lexical items, and an adaptor, which generates frequencies for those items. Separating the two tasks in this way makes the framework flexible, allowing individual components to be easily modified. Standard sampling methods, such as Gibbs or Metropolis-Hastings sampling, may be used for inference. Using this framework, I develop several specific models to investigate questions related to morphological acquisition (identifying stems and suffixes) and word segmentation (identifying word boundaries in phonemically transcribed speech). I apply these models to English corpora of newspaper text and phonemically transcribed child-directed speech. With regard to morphology, my experiments provide evidence that morphological information is learned better from word types than from word tokens. With regard to word segmentation, my results indicate that assuming independence between words (as many previous models have done) leads to undersegmentation of the data. Accounting for local context improves segmentation markedly and yields better results than previous models. I conclude by describing briefly how the models presented here can be extended in order to account for a wider range of linguistic phenomena, including phonetic variability and the relationship between morphology and syntactic class.
A GPU based Conformational Entropy Calculation Method

Conformational entropy calculation, usually computed by normal mode analysis (NMA), is a time-consuming step in MM-PB/GBSA calculations. Here, instead of NMA, a solvent accessible surface area (SAS) based model was employed to compute the conformational entropy. A new fast GPU-based method called MURCIA (Molecular Unburied Rapid Calculation of Individual Areas) was used instead of the traditional Shrake-Rupley algorithm to accelerate the calculation of SASA for each atom. MURCIA employs two different kernels to determine each atom's neighbors. First one (K1) uses just brute force for the calculation of atomic neighbours, while the second one (K2) uses an advanced algorithm involving hardware interpolations via GPU texture memory unit for such purpose. These two kernels have their own advantages depending on the protein size. The algorithm is extensively evaluated in three protein datasets, and achieves good results for all of them, being this method around two orders of magnitude faster than the former algorithm at the size of 10 5 . Finally, further improvements of the algorithm are discussed.
Atomic-resolution structure of cytoskeletal bactofilin by solid-state NMR*

The first atomic structure of a member of a recently discovered class of cytoskeletal proteins was revealed. Bactofilins are a recently discovered class of cytoskeletal proteins of which no atomic-resolution structure has been reported thus far. The bacterial cytoskeleton plays an essential role in a wide range of processes, including morphogenesis, cell division, and motility. Among the cytoskeletal proteins, the bactofilins are bacteria-specific and do not have a eukaryotic counterpart. The bactofilin BacA of the species Caulobacter crescentus is not amenable to study by x-ray crystallography or solution nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) because of its inherent noncrystallinity and insolubility. We present the atomic structure of BacA calculated from solid-state NMR–derived distance restraints. We show that the core domain of BacA forms a right-handed β helix with six windings and a triangular hydrophobic core. The BacA structure was determined to 1.0 Å precision (heavy-atom root mean square deviation) on the basis of unambiguous restraints derived from four-dimensional (4D) HN-HN and 2D C-C NMR spectra.
Jazz Harmonic Analysis as Optimal Tonality Segmentation

When asked to improvise over the chord changes of a tune, jazz musicians, either by an intuitive or formal process, perform an analysis to obtain a harmonic road map that guides them through the possibilities of what notes and scales to play. The purpose of this harmonic analysis is to discover and understand underlying structures in the chord changes. A notation often used in jazz theory texts (e.g., Nettles and Graf 1997; Jaffe 2009) to represent this harmonic structure identifies a segmentation of the chord changes, the key center (or tonality) of each segment, and the harmonic function of each chord with respect to its key center and other chords. Performing such an analysis is a fundamental step if jazz improvisation is to be simulated by software. It is also an interesting and important problem to be considered on its own for the implementation of jazz compositional and teaching tools. This article presents a formulation of and an algorithm for the harmonic analysis of jazz chord sequences. Some familiarity with jazz harmony or traditional harmony is assumed. Here is an example of the intended kind of analysis. Consider the chord changes for Miles Davis’s Solar in Figure 1. These chord changes will be the input given to the harmonic analysis algorithm. The output of the algorithm is an annotated chord chart, as shown in Figure 2. Key centers are shown below the bars: The key center of bars 1 and 2 is C minor, that of bars 3–6 is F major, that of bars 7–9 is E major, and so on. Arrows and brackets represent dominant resolutions and related minor seventh chords (i.e., the related IIm7s), respectively (Nettles and Graf 1997). (These will be explained further in the section “Structural Analysis.”) Roman numeral chord symbols above the chords indicate their harmonic functions with respect to their key centers. For example, the Dm7 5 and G7 9 chords in bar 12 function as IIm7 5 and V7 chords, respectively, resolving to the root of the key
Non-Viral Gene Delivery Systems Based on Cholesterol Cationic Lipids: Structure-Activity Relationships

Gene therapy as an alternative to conventional medicine implies the elimination of the cause of a disease via the introduction of therapeutic nucleic acids (antisense oligonucleotide, or siRNA, or transgene expressing plasmid DNA, or aptamers, etc) into the cells of the organism (Blau & Springer, 1995; Lv et al., 2006; Karmali & Chaudhuri, 2007; Rayburn & Zhang R., 2008; and references in it). However, efficient delivery of genes at the physiological level into cells of living organism (‘‘transfection’’) is always more simple in theory than in practice. Both the therapeutic nucleic acids and cell membrane are negatively charged and therefore the spontaneous entry of naked nucleic acid inside cells is unlikely to be an efficient process. In other words, the development of clinically viable gene-targeted therapeutics and the design of safe and efficient gene delivery reagents (‘‘transfection vectors’’) are inseparable problems. (Templeton, Ed. 2010). Prior to reaching the nucleus, the therapeutic nucleic acids must overcome a number of biological barriers, in particular, the cellular, endosomal, and nuclear membranes. This process is achieved by the utilization of appropriate delivery systems, that protect the genetic material from the destructive action of enzymes and encourage their penetration into the intracellular space, transfer through the nuclear membrane, and further expression in the nucleus (Eliyahu et al., 2005). In addition, these delivery systems should be nontoxic, non-immunogenic and biocompatible. The administration of genes for therapeutic purposes can be achieved using one of three different approaches. The first approach consists of a direct injection of naked nonprotected DNA into the cell resulting in a high level of transgene expression. The simplicity of this approach ensures it can be reasonably applied in a number of experimental protocols (Huang et al., Eds.; 2005). However, therapeutic application of unprotected naked nucleic acids is limited by the easily accessible organs (skin or muscles) for direct injection and is not applicable for systemic delivery due to a number of factors, the most important of which being extracellular nucleases. Gene-modified viruses and virus like particles represent the second approach for the cellular delivery of therapeutic nucleic acids. Viruses are efficient in transducing cells. However, the safety concerns regarding the use of viruses in humans make non-viral delivery systems an attractive alternative.
Developing community and social psychology for Aotearoa: Experiences from a New Zealand programme of indigenization

Experiences related to developing an indigenous community and social psychology in the teaching of psychology at the University of Waikato in Aotearoa/New Zealand are described. The process of localization emphasizes the need to interpret "universal" concepts in terms of local cultural patterns and to elaborate psychological concepts derived from the cultures of indigenous peoples. The localization of psychology in New Zealand involves: (a) differences between the dominant United States cultural pattern, in which much English-language psychology is embedded, and New Zealand cultural patterns; and (b) differences between the dominant Pakeha (Anglo-New Zealander) cultural patterns and the cultural patterns of indigenous Maori peoples. These cultural differences involve contrasts between individualistic and collective conceptions of self-identities and social identities, and alternative conceptions of community needs. Three processes relevant to localization are outlined: socio-cultural contextualization, agenda-setting, and knowledge of cultural styles. Socio-cultural contextualization refers to the relevance of psychological knowledge, taught in dominant national institutions, to local social, cultural and political systems. Agenda-setting focuses on how the dominant themes in teaching and research within psychology are selected, and the relevance of these themes to community needs. Knowledge of local cultural styles is required to describe and teach professional roles that are congruent with such cultural styles. Paper presented to the Third Afro-Asian Congress of Psychology, 23-26 August, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia
Heat denaturation of serum albumin in presence of perfluorooctanoic acid.

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Može li pornografija pozitivno utjecati na žensku seksualnost? Utjecaj učestalog konzumiranja pornografije na spolni život mladih obrazovanih žena: kvalitativno istraživanje

Istraživanja utjecaja pornografije (seksualno eksplicitnih sadržaja) na seksualni život i zadovoljstvo uglavnom se usredotocuju na negativne posljedice konzumacije. Primjetan je i nedostatak interesa za utjecaj ucestale ženske konzumacije pornografije na žensku seksualnost, pogotovo kad je on pozitivan. Ovaj se rad bavi stavovima, motivacijom i obrascima koristenja pornografije u žena mlađe životne dobi koje pornografiju ucestalo koriste za vlastito seksualno zadovoljenje. Temelji se na kvalitativnom istraživanju provedenom dubinskim intervjuima sa 16 mladih žena u dobi od 20 do 29 godina koje su zavrsile studij ili su u vrijeme istraživanja studirale. Rezultati su pokazali da su žene na konzumaciju pornografije, osim zbog zadovoljenja vlastite seksualne potrebe, motivirane znatiželjom te željom za edukacijom u svrhu prosirenja vlastitog i seksualnog repertoara u paru. Ovo je istraživanje na specificnom uzorku pokazalo da konzumacija pornografije može pozitivno utjecati na spolni život onih žena ciji su motivi za koristenje pornografije vezani uz istraživanje i obogacivanje vlastitoga seksualnog života.
Single source sound production and dynamic beam formation in echolocating harbour porpoises (Phocoena phocoena)

SUMMARY Echolocating toothed whales produce high-powered clicks by pneumatic actuation of phonic lips in their nasal complexes. All non-physeteroid toothed whales have two pairs of phonic lips allowing many of these species to produce both whistles and clicks at the same time. That has led to the hypothesis that toothed whales can increase the power outputs and bandwidths of clicks, and enable fast clicking and beam steering by acutely timed actuation of both phonic lip pairs simultaneously. Here we test that hypothesis by applying suction cup hydrophones on the sound-producing nasal complexes of three echolocating porpoises (Phocoena phocoena) with symmetrical pairs of phonic lips. Using time of arrival differences on three hydrophones, we show that all recorded clicks from these three porpoises are produced by the right pair of phonic lips with no evidence of simultaneous or independent actuation of the left pair. It is demonstrated that porpoises, despite actuation of only one sound source, can change their output and sound beam probably through conformation changes in the sound-producing soft tissues and nasal sacs, and that the coupling of the phonic lips and the melon acts as a waveguide for sound energy between 100 and 160 kHz to generate a forward-directed sound beam for echolocation.
The Renin-Angiotensin Aldosterone System: Pathophysiological Role and Pharmacologic Inhibition

BACKGROUND: The renin-angiotensin aldosterone system (RAAS) is a hormonal cascade that functions in the homeostatic control of arterial pressure, tissue perfusion, and extracellular volume. Dysregulation of the RAAS plays an important role in the pathogenesis of cardiovascular and renal disorders. OBJECTIVES: To review the role of the RAAS in the development of hypertensive cardiovascular disease and related conditions and provide an overview of the classes of pharmacologic agents that inhibit this system. RESULTS: The RAAS is initiated by the regulated secretion of renin, the rate-limiting enzyme that catalyzes the hydrolysis of angiotensin (Ang) I from the N-terminus of angiotensinogen. Ang I is in turn hydrolyzed by angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE ) to form Ang II, a potent vasoconstrictor and the primary active product of the RAAS. Recent evidence has suggested that other metabolites of Ang I and II may have biological activity, particularly in tissues. Development of agents that block the RAAS (e.g., beta blockers, ACE inhibitors [ACE Is], and angiotensin receptor blockers [ARBs]) began as a therapeutic strategy to treat hypertension. Preclinical and clinical studies have indicated important additional cardiovascular and renal therapeutic benefits of ACE Is and ARBs. However, blockade of the RAAS with these agents is incomplete. CONCLUSIONS: Therapeutic approaches that target more complete inhibition of the RAAS may offer additional clinical benefits for patients with cardiovascular and renal disorders. These approaches may include dual blockade using ACE Is and ARBs in combination, or new therapeutic modalities such as direct renin inhibition with aliskiren, recently approved for the treatment of hypertension.
Evaluating SPARQL Queries on Massive RDF Datasets

Distributed RDF systems partition data across multiple computer nodes. Partitioning is typically based on heuristics that minimize inter-node communication and it is performed in an initial, data pre-processing phase. Therefore, the resulting partitions are static and do not adapt to changes in the query workload; as a result, existing systems are unable to consistently avoid communication for queries that are not favored by the initial data partitioning. Furthermore, for very large RDF knowledge bases, the partitioning phase becomes prohibitively expensive, leading to high startup costs. In this paper, we propose AdHash, a distributed RDF system which addresses the shortcomings of previous work. First, AdHash initially applies lightweight hash partitioning, which drastically minimizes the startup cost, while favoring the parallel processing of join patterns on subjects, without any data communication. Using a locality-aware planner, queries that cannot be processed in parallel are evaluated with minimal communication. Second, AdHash monitors the data access patterns and adapts dynamically to the query load by incrementally redistributing and replicating frequently accessed data. As a result, the communication cost for future queries is drastically reduced or even eliminated. Our experiments with synthetic and real data verify that AdHash (i) starts faster than all existing systems, (ii) processes thousands of queries before other systems become online, and (iii) gracefully adapts to the query load, being able to evaluate queries on billion-scale RDF data in sub-seconds. In this demonstration, audience can use a graphical interface of AdHash to verify its performance superiority compared to state-of-the-art distributed RDF systems.
Oscillating Glucose Is More Deleterious to Endothelial Function and Oxidative Stress Than Mean Glucose in Normal and Type 2 Diabetic Patients

OBJECTIVE—To explore the possibility that oscillating glucose may outweigh A1C levels in determining the risk for cardiovascular diabetes complications. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS—A euinsulinemic hyperglycemic clamp at 5, 10, and 15 mmol/l glucose was given in increasing steps as a single “spike” or oscillating between basal and high levels over 24 h in normal subjects and type 2 diabetic patients. Flow-mediated dilatation, a marker of endothelial function, and plasma 3-nitrotyrosine and 24-h urinary excretion rates of free 8-iso PGF2α, two markers of oxidative stress, were measured over 48 h postclamp. RESULTS—Glucose at two different levels (10 and 15 mmol/l) resulted in a concentration-dependent fasting blood glucose–independent induction of both endothelial dysfunction and oxidative stress in both normal and type 2 diabetic patients. Oscillating glucose between 5 and 15 mmol/l every 6 h for 24 h resulted in further significant increases in endothelial dysfunction and oxidative stress compared with either continuous 10 or 15 mmol/l glucose. CONCLUSIONS—These data suggest that oscillating glucose can have more deleterious effects than constant high glucose on endothelial function and oxidative stress, two key players in favoring cardiovascular complications in diabetes. Concomitant vitamin C infusion can reverse this impairment.
Social Adjustment, Academic Performance, and Creativity of Taiwanese Children with Tourette's Syndrome

The purpose was to describe the social adjustment, academic achievement, and creativity of 127 Taiwanese children with Tourette's Syndrome and a control group of 138 Taiwanese children with typical development and reports of the parents of both groups. The Tourette's Syndrome group had significantly more disruptive behaviors than the controls; most parents reported their children with Tourette's Syndrome had high academic achievement although the children scored significantly lower than controls on the Elaboration subtest of Creative Thinking.
Genetically modified human placenta-derived mesenchymal stem cells with FGF-2 and PDGF-BB enhance neovascularization in a model of hindlimb ischemia

Ischemic diseases represent a challenging worldwide health burden. The current study investigated the therapeutic potential of genetically modified human placenta-derived mesenchymal stem cells (hPDMSCs) with basic fibroblast growth factor (FGF2) and platelet-derived growth factor-BB (PDGF-BB) genes in hindlimb ischemia. Mesenchymal stem cells obtained from human term placenta were transfected ex vivo with adenoviral bicistronic vectors carrying the FGF2 and PDGF-BB genes (Ad-F-P). Unilateral hindlimb ischemia was surgically induced by excision of the right femoral artery in New Zealand White rabbits. Ad-F-P genetically modified hPDMSCs, Ad-null (control vector)-modified hPDMSCs, unmodified hPDMSCs or media were intramuscularly implanted into the ischemic limbs 7 days subsequent to the induction of ischemia. Four weeks after cell therapy, angiographic analysis revealed significantly increased collateral vessel formation in the Ad-F-P-hPDMSC group compared with the control group. Histological examination revealed markedly increased capillary and arteriole density in the Ad-F-P-hPDMSC group. The xenografted hPDMSCs survived in the ischemic tissue for at least 4 weeks subsequent to cell therapy. The current study demonstrated that the combination of hPDMSC therapy with FGF2 and PDGF-BB gene therapy effectively induced collateral vessel formation and angiogenesis, suggesting a novel strategy for therapeutic angiogenesis.