Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Benchmarking XML Processors for Applications in Grid Web Services

Web services based specifications have emerged as the underlying architecture for core grid services and standards, such as WSRF. XML is inextricably inter-twined with Web services based specifications, and as a result the design and implementation of XML processing tools plays a significant role in grid applications. These applications use XML in a wide variety of ways, including workflow specifications, WS-Security based documents, service descriptions in WSDL, and on-the-wire format in SOAP-based communication. The application characteristics also vary widely in the use of XML messages in their performance, memory, size, and processing requirements. Numerous XML processing tools exist today, each of which is optimized for specific features. To make the right decisions, grid application and middleware developers must thus understand the complex dependencies between XML features and the application. We propose a standard benchmark suite for quantifying, comparing, and contrasting the performance of XML processors under a wide range of representative use cases. The benchmarks are defined by a set of XML schemas and conforming documents. To demonstrate the utility of the benchmarks and to provide a snapshot of the current XML implementation landscape, we report the performance of many different XML implementations, on the benchmarks, and draw conclusions about their current performance characteristics. We also present a brief analysis on the current shortcomings and required critical design changes for multi-threaded XML processing tools to run efficiently on emerging multi-core architectures
Tumor LINE-1 Methylation Level in Association with Survival of Patients with Stage II Colon Cancer

Genome-wide DNA hypomethylation is associated with a worse prognosis in early-stage colorectal cancer. To measure genome-wide DNA methylation levels, long interspersed nucleotide element (LINE-1) repeats are used as a surrogate marker. Cohort studies on the clinical impact of genome-wide DNA methylation level in patients with only early-stage colon cancer, are currently lacking. This study aimed to investigate the prognostic value of LINE-1 methylation in a stage II colon cancer cohort (n = 164). Manual needle microdissection of tumor areas was performed on formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded tumor tissue sections followed by DNA extraction. Bisulfite converted DNA was used to assess tumor LINE-1 methylation level by qPCR. Patients with LINE-1 hypomethylated tumors had a significantly worse overall survival compared to patients with a higher level of LINE-1 tumor DNA methylation (HR 1.68, 95% CI 1.03–2.75; p = 0.04). This effect was more prominent in patients aged over 65 years (HR 2.00, 95% CI 1.13–3.52; p = 0.02), although the test for age interaction was not significant. No significant effect on recurrence-free survival was observed. Based on these results, tumor LINE-1 hypomethylation is associated with a worse overall survival in stage II colon cancer. Whether the origin of this causation is cancer-specific or age-related can be debated.
Concentrations and size distributions of airborne influenza A viruses measured indoors at a health centre, a day-care centre and on aeroplanes

The relative importance of the aerosol transmission route for influenza remains contentious. To determine the potential for influenza to spread via the aerosol route, we measured the size distribution of airborne influenza A viruses. We collected size-segregated aerosol samples during the 2009–2010 flu season in a health centre, a day-care facility and onboard aeroplanes. Filter extracts were analysed using quantitative reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction. Half of the 16 samples were positive, and their total virus concentrations ranged from 5800 to 37 000 genome copies m−3. On average, 64 per cent of the viral genome copies were associated with fine particles smaller than 2.5 µm, which can remain suspended for hours. Modelling of virus concentrations indoors suggested a source strength of 1.6 ± 1.2 × 105 genome copies m−3 air h−1 and a deposition flux onto surfaces of 13 ± 7 genome copies m−2 h−1 by Brownian motion. Over 1 hour, the inhalation dose was estimated to be 30 ± 18 median tissue culture infectious dose (TCID50), adequate to induce infection. These results provide quantitative support for the idea that the aerosol route could be an important mode of influenza transmission.
Divided Lives: American Women in the Twentieth Century

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Information Dynamics in Living Systems: Prokaryotes, Eukaryotes, and Cancer

Background Living systems use information and energy to maintain stable entropy while far from thermodynamic equilibrium. The underlying first principles have not been established. Findings We propose that stable entropy in living systems, in the absence of thermodynamic equilibrium, requires an information extremum (maximum or minimum), which is invariant to first order perturbations. Proliferation and death represent key feedback mechanisms that promote stability even in a non-equilibrium state. A system moves to low or high information depending on its energy status, as the benefit of information in maintaining and increasing order is balanced against its energy cost. Prokaryotes, which lack specialized energy-producing organelles (mitochondria), are energy-limited and constrained to an information minimum. Acquisition of mitochondria is viewed as a critical evolutionary step that, by allowing eukaryotes to achieve a sufficiently high energy state, permitted a phase transition to an information maximum. This state, in contrast to the prokaryote minima, allowed evolution of complex, multicellular organisms. A special case is a malignant cell, which is modeled as a phase transition from a maximum to minimum information state. The minimum leads to a predicted power-law governing the in situ growth that is confirmed by studies measuring growth of small breast cancers. Conclusions We find living systems achieve a stable entropic state by maintaining an extreme level of information. The evolutionary divergence of prokaryotes and eukaryotes resulted from acquisition of specialized energy organelles that allowed transition from information minima to maxima, respectively. Carcinogenesis represents a reverse transition: of an information maximum to minimum. The progressive information loss is evident in accumulating mutations, disordered morphology, and functional decline characteristics of human cancers. The findings suggest energy restriction is a critical first step that triggers the genetic mutations that drive somatic evolution of the malignant phenotype.
Dynamic Multi-Cue Information Fusion for Robust Detection of Traffic Infrastructure

-Visual object detection using single cue information has been successfully applied in various tasks, in particular for near range recognition. While robust classification and probabilistic representation enhance 2D pattern recognition performance, they are 'per se' restricted due to the limited information content of single cues. The contribution of this work is to demonstrate performance improvement using multi-cue information integrated within a probabilistic framework. 2D and 3D visual information naturally complement one another, each information source providing evidence for the occurrence of the object of interest. We demonstrate preliminary work describing Bayesian decision fusion for object detection and illustrate the method by robust detection of traffic infrastructure.
Regional Brain Activation Due to Pharmacologically Induced Adrenergic Interoceptive Stimulation in Humans

Objective Identifying the brain regions associated with visceral sensory activation and awareness (interoception) was a neglected area of neural science until quite recently despite being essential to a comprehensive understanding of psychosomatic processes, baroreception, and higher brain functions such as fear and anxiety, other emotions, and pain. Methods In this study regional changes in the cerebral metabolic rate for glucose were determined with positron emission tomography in response to cardiovascular-respiratory activation induced in healthy humans by &bgr;-adrenergic stimulation produced with intravenous isoproterenol, which acts predominantly in the periphery because of minimal transport across the blood-brain barrier. Results Interoceptive activation raised heart rate to approximately 120 beats per minute, produced somatic and to a lesser extent psychological symptoms, and significantly increased cerebral glucose metabolism in the left primary somatosensory cortex and medial portion of the cingulate gyrus; right insular cortex showed a trend toward an increase that was significant in homogeneous subgroups of right-handed or female subjects. Conclusions These results demonstrate the involvement of specific brain regions as well as hemispheric laterality of function in visceral perception, and they suggest that during emotional reactions involving changes in visceral organ function, activation of some of the brain regions observed could be due specifically to interoceptive processes.
Effects of Black Race on Forearm Resistance Vessel Function

Presentation, response to therapy, and clinical outcome in hypertension differ according to race, and these observations could relate to differences in microvascular function. We examined forearm microvascular function in age-matched black (n=56) and white subjects (n=62) using intra-arterial agonist infusion and venous occlusion plethysmography. In normotensive subjects (n=70; 34 black and 36 white normotensives), methacholine-, sodium nitroprusside-, and verapamil-induced vasodilation was equivalent in black and white subjects. In hypertensive subjects (n=48; 22 black and 26 white hypertensives), the vasodilator response to methacholine was markedly lower in black subjects compared with white subjects (P <0.001). The vasodilator responses to sodium nitroprusside and verapamil, however, were equivalent in black and white hypertensive subjects. Acute ascorbic acid infusion improved the methacholine response equally in black and white hypertensive patients, suggesting that a difference in a rapidly reversible form of oxidative stress does not explain these findings. Thus, the present study demonstrates important racial differences in vascular function and a marked impairment in endothelial vasomotor function in black patients with hypertension. Further studies will be required to elucidate the mechanisms and determine whether these insights will lead to more appropriately tailored management of hypertension and its complications.
The Urysohn universal metric space and hyperconvexity

In this paper we prove that Urysohn univeral space is hyperconvex. We also examine the Gromov hyperbolicity and hyperconvexity of metric spaces. Using fourpoint property, we give a proof of the fact that hyperconvex hull of a δ-Gromov hyperbolic space is also δ-Gromov hyperbolic.
ETHOS—an effective theory of structure formation: From dark particle physics to the matter distribution of the Universe

We formulate an effective theory of structure formation (ETHOS) that enables cosmological structure formation to be computed in almost any microphysical model of dark matter physics. This framework maps the detailed microphysical theories of particle dark matter interactions into the physical effective parameters that shape the linear matter power spectrum and the self-interaction transfer cross section of nonrelativistic dark matter. These are the input to structure formation simulations, which follow the evolution of the cosmological and galactic dark matter distributions. Models with similar effective parameters in ETHOS but with different dark particle physics would nevertheless result in similar dark matter distributions. We present a general method to map an ultraviolet complete or effective field theory of low-energy dark matter physics into parameters that affect the linear matter power spectrum and carry out this mapping for several representative particle models. We further propose a simple but useful choice for characterizing the dark matter self-interaction transfer cross section that parametrizes self-scattering in structure formation simulations. Taken together, these effective parameters in ETHOS allow the classification of dark matter theories according to their structure formation properties rather than their intrinsic particle properties, paving the way for future simulations to span the space of viable dark matter physics relevant for structure formation.
Beyond community detection on undirected , unweighted graphs

Community detection has been rigorously explored for undirected and unweighted graphs, and modularity has emerged as the most prevalent metric for verification and optimization. However, we have shown that modularity is an inaccurate measure of community structure for more complicated graphs, in particular directed networks. We came up with a metric based on the ratio of cycles within and across communities. In this paper, we also propose an extension of this metric to directed weighted graphs and discuss further extension to directed signed networks.
Weblog Clustering in Multilinear Algebra Perspective

This paper describes a clustering method to group the most similar and important weblogs with their descriptive shared words by using a technique from multilinear algebra known as PARAFAC tensor decomposition. The proposed method first creates labeled-link network representation of the weblog datasets, where the nodes are the blogs and the labels are the shared words. Then, 3-way adjacency tensor is extracted from the network and the PARAFAC decomposition is applied to the tensor to get pairs of node lists and label lists with scores attached to each list as the indication of the degree of importance. The clustering is done by sorting the lists in decreasing order and taking the pairs of top ranked blogs and words. Thus, unlike standard co-clustering methods, this method not only groups the similar blogs with their descriptive words but also tends to produce clusters of important blogs and descriptive words.
Puerarin protects against endothelial dysfunction and end-organ damage in Ang II-induced hypertension

ABSTRACT Puerarin, a major isoflavonoid compound from Chinese herb Kudzu roots, has been widely used for the treatment of hypertensive and cardiovascular diseases in China. Here, we investigated puerarin’s beneficial effects on the cardiovascular system in angiotensin (Ang) II-induced hypertensive rats. Sprague–Dawley rats were treated with Ang II for 5 days or with puerarin for 10 days followed by Ang II and puerarin for 5 days. Endothelium-dependent relaxation (EDR) to acetylcholine was determined using an organ chamber bath. Ang II increased the systolic blood pressure (SBP: 178 ± 5 mmHg vs. 112 ± 3 mmHg in control, p < 0.05), aortic (30%, p < 0.05), and left ventricular (LV) weight (23%); puerarin reduced SBP (160 ± 2 mmHg, p < 0.05), aortic, and left ventricular weight in Ang II-infused rats. Puerarin also reduced aortic medial thickness and myocardial cell surface area in Ang II-infused rats. Compared with control rats, Ang II infused rats exhibited an impaired EDR with reduction in the protein expression of phosphor-eNOS at Ser 1177 and an increase in the expression of gp91phox (85%), p22phox (113%), transforming growth factor β1 (145%) and vascular cell adhesion molecule 1 (82%). Puerarin improved EDR and reversed the changes in Ang II-induced protein expression of above molecules. Our results demonstrate that in Ang II-induced hypertensive rats, puerarin protects against endothelial dysfunction and end organ damage with a mild reduction in SBP, and that the cardiovascular beneficial effects of puerarin may be in part attributed to its anti-oxidant and upregulation of phosphor-eNOS.
Down's-syndrome-related kinase Dyrk1A modulates the p120-catenin–Kaiso trajectory of the Wnt signaling pathway

The Wnt pathways contribute to many processes in cancer and development, with β-catenin being a key canonical component. p120-catenin, which is structurally similar to β-catenin, regulates the expression of certain Wnt target genes, relieving repression conferred by the POZ- and zinc-finger-domain-containing transcription factor Kaiso. We have identified the kinase Dyrk1A as a component of the p120-catenin–Kaiso trajectory of the Wnt pathway. Using rescue and other approaches in Xenopus laevis embryos and mammalian cells, we found that Dyrk1A positively and selectively modulates p120-catenin protein levels, thus having an impact on p120-catenin and Kaiso (and canonical Wnt) gene targets such as siamois and wnt11. The Dyrk1A gene resides within the Down's syndrome critical region, which is amplified in Down's syndrome. A consensus Dyrk phosphorylation site in p120-catenin was identified, with a mutant mimicking phosphorylation exhibiting the predicted enhanced capacity to promote endogenous Wnt-11 and Siamois expression, and gastrulation defects. In summary, we report the biochemical and functional relationship of Dyrk1A with the p120-catenin–Kaiso signaling trajectory, with a linkage to canonical Wnt target genes. Conceivably, this work might also prove relevant to understanding the contribution of Dyrk1A dosage imbalance in Down's syndrome.
Recognition of complex static hand gestures by using the wristband-based contour features

Recognition of complex static hand gestures is a challenging problem due to the complexity of hand gestures, which are rich in diversities because of high degrees of freedom involved by the human hand. It is more difficult especially when gestures are represented by two hands. This study proposes a framework that can recognise complex static hand gestures by using the wristband-based contour features (WBCFs). The authors require the user to wear a pair of black wristbands on his (her) two hand wrists, so that the hand region(s) can be segmented accurately. The topmost and sharpest corner point of the wristband on a gesturing hand is detected first. It is treated as a landmark to extract the WBCF of a hand gesture. Then, a simple feature matching method is proposed to obtain a recognition result. To deal with the cases where hand region(s) cannot be segmented correctly, watershed segmentation, and region merging techniques are adopted to provide improvements on hand region segmentation. Experimental results show that their system can be used to recognise 29 Turkish fingerspelling sign hand gestures and achieve a recognition accuracy of 99.31% with only six training images for each gesture.
A Hybrid Optimization for Pattern Synthesis of Large Antenna Arrays

The pattern synthesis for large antenna arrays has drawn signiflcant attention because of its wide applications. This paper introduces a hybrid approach for the fast pencil beam pattern synthesis of the large non-uniform linear or planar array, which can signiflcantly reduce the computational cost, the number of antenna in the array, the minimum sidelobe level and the null control. The proposed method has an iterative scheme which is composed of the nonuniform Fourier transform (NUFFT) and the global optimization method to minimize the peak sidelobe level and control the null. The NUFFT is utilized to determine excitation magnitudes for a flxed positions non-uniform array. Alternatively, the global optimization is used to flnd the optimal positions which lead to the minimum peak sidelobe level ( PSL). The lower excitations can be deleted due to yielding less performance on sidelobe level, which is called the array removal strategy. Compare with conventional methods, the simulations on synthetic models show that a minimum sidelobe level and null control can be obtained in processing sparse linear and concentric circular antenna arrays more e-ciently.
Tie-Up Cycles in Long-Term Mating. Part I: Theory

In this paper, we propose a new approach to couple formation and dynamics that abridges findings from sexual strategies theory and attachment theory to develop a framework where the sexual and emotional aspects of mating are considered in their strategic interaction. Our approach presents several testable implications, some of which find interesting correspondences in the existing literature. Our main result is that, according to our approach, there are six typical dynamic interaction patterns that are more or less conducive to the formation of a stable couple, and that set out an interesting typology for the analysis of real (as well as fictional, as we will see in the second part of the paper) mating behaviors and dynamics.
Building A Large Concept Bank for Representing Events in Video

Concept-based video representation has proven to be eective in complex event detection. However, existing methods either manually design concepts or directly adopt concept libraries not specically designed for events. In this paper, we propose to build Concept Bank, the largest concept library consisting of 4; 876 concepts specically designed to cover 631 real-world events. To construct the Concept Bank, we rst gather a comprehensive event collection from WikiHow, a collaborative writing project that aims to build the world’s largest manual for any possible How-To event. For each event, we then search Flickr and discover relevant concepts from the tags of the returned images. We train a Multiple Kernel Linear SVM for each discovered concept as a concept detector in Concept Bank. We organize the concepts into a ve-layer tree structure, in which the higher-level nodes correspond to the event categories while the leaf nodes are the event-specic concepts discovered for each event. Based on such tree ontology, we develop a semantic matching method to select relevant concepts for each textual event query, and then apply the corresponding concept detectors to generate concept-based video representations. We use TRECVID Multimedia Event Detection 2013 and Columbia Consumer Video open source event denitions and videos as our test sets and show very promising results on two video event detection tasks: event modeling over concept space and zero-shot event retrieval. To the best of our knowledge, this is the largest concept library covering the largest number of real-world events.
The Review of Economic Studies Advance Access published October

I study a dynamic problem in which a group of agents collaborate over time to complete a project. The project progresses at a rate that depends on the agents’ efforts, and it generates a pay-off upon completion. I show that agents work harder the closer the project is to completion, and members of a larger team work harder than members of a smaller team—both individually and on aggregate—if and only if the project is sufficiently far from completion. I apply these results to determine the optimal size of a self-organized partnership, and to study the manager’s problem who recruits agents to carry out a project, and must determine the team size and its members’ incentive contracts. The main results are: (i) that the optimal symmetric contract compensates the agents only upon completing the project; and (ii) the optimal team size decreases in the expected length of the project.