Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Twin Studies of Atopic Dermatitis: Interpretations and Applications in the Filaggrin Era

Aim. The aim of this study was to conduct a systematic review of population-based twin studies of (a) the concordance and heritability of AD and (b) the relationship between AD and asthma and, furthermore, to reinterpret findings from previous twin studies in the light of the emerging knowledge about filaggrin and its role in the atopic march and provide suggestions for future research in this area. Methods. We identified all twin studies (published after 1970) that have calculated the concordance rate and/or the heritability of AD, or the genetic and environmental correlations between AD and asthma. Results. Reported concordance rates for AD ranged, respectively. From 0.15 to 0.86 for MZ and from 0.05 to 0.41 for DZ twins, with an overall ratio of MZ : DZ twins of approximately three. The heritability of AD was estimated to be approximately 75%, and the association between AD and asthma was around 85% explained by genetic pleiotropy. Conclusions. Genetic factors account for most of the variability in AD susceptibility and for the association between AD and asthma. Controversy remains as to whether the atopic diseases are causally related or whether they are diverse clinical manifestations of a common, underlying (genetic) disease trait. Future twin studies may help solve this enigma.
Multiple mechanisms are implicated in the generation of 5q35 microdeletions in Sotos syndrome

Background: Sotos syndrome (MIM 117550) is characterised by learning difficulties, overgrowth, and a typical facial appearance. Microdeletions at 5q35.3, encompassing NSD1, are responsible for ∼10% of non-Japanese cases of Sotos. In contrast, a recurrent ∼2 Mb microdeletion has been reported as responsible for ∼50% of Japanese cases of Sotos. Methods: We screened 471 cases for NSD1 mutations and deletions and identified 23 with 5q35 microdeletions. We investigated the deletion size, parent of origin, and mechanism of generation in these and a further 10 cases identified from published reports. We used “in silico” analyses to investigate whether repetitive elements that could generate microdeletions flank NSD1. Results: Three repetitive elements flanking NSD1, designated REPcen, REPmid, and REPtel, were identified. Up to 18 cases may have the same sized deletion, but at least eight unique deletion sizes were identified, ranging from 0.4 to 5 Mb. In most instances, the microdeletion arose through interchromosomal rearrangements of the paternally inherited chromosome. Conclusions: Frequency, size, and mechanism of generation of 5q35 microdeletions differ between Japanese and non-Japanese cases of Sotos. Our microdeletions were identified from a large case series with a broad range of phenotypes, suggesting that sample selection variability is unlikely as a sole explanation for these differences and that variation in genomic architecture might be a contributory factor. Non-allelic homologous recombination between REPcen and REPtel may have generated up to 18 microdeletion cases in our series. However, at least 15 cannot be mediated by these repeats, including at least seven deletions of different sizes, implicating multiple mechanisms in the generation of 5q35 microdeletions.
A novel beamforming scheme based on partial channel feedback in LS-MIMO systems

The tremendous performance of large-scale multiple input multiple output (LS-MIMO) systems can be achieved by applying linear beamforming schemes, such as maximum ratio transmission and zero forcing, in time-division duplex mode. However, it is prohibitive to acquire the instantaneous channel state information (CSI) at the transmitter in frequency-division duplex (FDD) systems. Thanks to the compact structure of the large-scale antenna array, beamforming can be constructed by exploiting the statistic CSI, such as spatial correlation, while the system performance is degraded. In this paper, to balance the system performance and feedback overhead in FDD LS-MIMO system, we propose a novel beamforming scheme based on both the spatial correlation and signal leakage (SCSL), where the channels from partial antennas to the users need fed back. Numerical results indicate that the proposed SCSL-based beamforming outperforms the spatial-correlation-based beamforming. Moreover, the effections of different antenna selection approaches on system performance are evaluated in detail.
Standard model anomalies in curved space-time with torsion.

Using the Fujikawa and the heat-kernel methods we make a complete and detailed computation of the global, gauge, and gravitational anomalies in the standard model defined on a curved space-time with torsion. We find new contributions coming from the curvature and the torsion to the leptonic number anomaly (so that B-L is not conserved anymore) to the U(1)(Y) gauge and to the mixed U(1)(Y)-gravitational anomalies. However, neither gauge nor gravitational new anomaly cancellation conditions for the hypercharges arise.
Patient considerations and clinical utility of a fixed dose combination of saxagliptin/metformin in the treatment of type 2 diabetes

Introduction: Targeting glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) levels below 7.0% is considered a primary goal of diabetes care, given its importance in obtaining a sustained reduction in microvascular, and possibly macrovascular complications. Aim: The aim of this review was to evaluate the clinical utility of a fixed dose combination of saxagliptin/metformin in the treatment of type 2 diabetes. Evidence review: The combination of saxagliptin/metformin was well tolerated and produced sustained glycemic control for up to 76 weeks, with greater improvements in glycemic parameters compared with either drug alone. The saxagliptin/metformin combination also proved its non-inferiority compared with either sulfonylurea/metformin or sitagliptin/metformin combinations. Place in therapy: Clinical practice recommends lifestyle interventions together with starting metformin at the time that the type 2 diabetes mellitus is diagnosed. Once metformin fails to maintain glycemic control, the addition of DPP-4 inhibitors should be the logical choice because of their effects on HbA1c compared to the addition of a sulfonylurea or glitazone, and because of their positive effects on beta cell function and their neutral effects on body weight. Furthermore, DPP-4 inhibitors prevent the risk of hypoglycemia posed by sulfonylureas.
From atomic variables to data-centric concurrency control

The mainstream use of concurrent programming is bound to the provision of constructs that abstract details intrinsic to concurrency, while ensuring safety and liveness properties. Several control-centric approaches meet these requirements but decentralise concurrency management, hindering reasoning. The alternative data-centric approach promotes local rather than distributed reasoning, however it is a fairly new approach embraced only by Atomic Sets [4, 8], a rather complex model that does not guarantee progress in all scenarios. In this paper we propose a simple data-centric concurrency control model that builds only on the notion of atomic variable. We informally present the model and its properties, as well as a prototype implementation that we used to compare our approach against the aforementioned Atomic Sets and control-centred approaches in general.
Efficient and scalable geometric hashing method for searching protein 3D structures

As the structural databases continue to expand, efficient methods are required to search similar structures of the query structure from the database. There are many previous works about comparing protein 3D structures and scanning the database with a query structure. However, they generally have limitations on practical use because of large computational and storage requirements. We propose two new types of queries for searching similar sub-structures on the structural database: LSPM (Local Spatial Pattern Matching) and RLSPM (Reverse LSPM). Between two types of queries, we focus on RLSPM problem, because it is more practical and general than LSPM. As a naive algorithm, we adopt geometric hashing techniques to RLSPM problem and then propose our proposed algorithm which improves the baseline algorithm to deal with large-scale data and provide an efficient matching algorithm. We employ the sub-sampling and Z-ordering to reduce the storage requirement and execution time, respectively. We conduct our experiments to show the correctness and reliability of the proposed method. Our experiment shows that the true positive rate is at least 0.8 using the reliability measure.
Variable selection for decentralized control

Decentralized controllers single-loop controllers applied to multivariable plants are often preferred in practice because they are robust and relatively simple to understand and to change. The design of such a control system starts with pairing inputs manipulated variables and outputs controlled variables. For a n n plant there are n! possible pairings, and there is a great need for screening techniques to quickly eliminate undesirable pairings. In this paper we present several tests for eliminating pairings which are not decentralized integral controllable DIC. A system is DIC if there exists a stabilizing decentralized controller with integral action such that the gains of the individual loops may be reduced independtly without introducing instability. Note that DIC is a property of the plant and the chosen pairings. The tests presented are in terms of diierent measures of the sign of steady state gain matrix; including the RGA, the determinant and eigenvalues. The relationship to previously presented results is discussed in detail.
Preparation and Characterisation of Magnetic Single and Double Barrier Junctions Netic Double Tunnel Junctions with Different Co Interlayer Thicknesses, Symposium on Spin-electronics 2000 Halle, Pb-17

ii Declaration I wrote this thesis by myself and used none but the indicated resources. Preface In recent years, a lot of new developments in solid state physics have been related to the field of spin electronics. The spin electronic or spintronic device not only uses the charge of electrons to carry information, but also their spin. For example, this allows one to use magnetic fields to manipulate the output in logic circuits. Because these magnetic fields can be induced by electric currents on the chip, it is possible to fully implement these new devices in conventional electronics. One can think of several ways to build spin electronic devices. One approach does not use conventional electronic such as transistors at all. Cowburn showed how to get all basic functions (a branch of one into two signal lines, a crossover of two signal lines, a NOT gate, and an OR gate) using only magnetic logics in specially structured Iron-Nickel lines. With these ingredients it is possible to build any logic circuit. The second more conventional approach uses spin polarised currents in CMOS environments. This is easier to implement, because only electrical signals are used. The challenge of this approach is to get and to manipulate spin polarised currents. The easiest way of getting these spin polarised currents is by using a device with an unpolarised current input and a polarised output. Therefore, this is called a spin filter device, often realised as a tunnel barrier with different opacity for each spin state. The approach investigated in this thesis is the use of a ferromagnetic electrode in tunnel barrier junctions. Because the density of states in ferromagnetic electrodes is not equal for spin up and spin down, the current after tunnelling through the barrier is spin polarised. The spin direction usually does not change during the tunnelling process. This method is a way to create spin polarised currents, but the question, how to manipulate them remains. To solve that problem, two ferromagnetic electrodes are used at both sides of the barrier. Then, two different alignments of the magnetisations of the two electrodes are possible: parallel and anti-parallel. Investigations of the density of states in both electrodes show that the resistance of this device is related to the orientation of the magnetisation of the ferromagnets. Usually the resistance is higher in the anti-parallel case. Because the resistance is an electrical signal, it is …
Terrestrial implications of cosmological gamma-ray burst models

The observation by the BATSE instrument on the Compton Gamma Ray Observatory that gamma-ray bursts (GRBs) are distributed isotropically around the Earth but nonuniformly in distance has led to the widespread conclusion that GRBs are most likely to be at cosmological distances, making them the most luminous sources known in the Universe. If bursts arise from events that occur in normal galaxies, such as neutron star binary inspirals, then they will also occur in our Galaxy about every hundred thousand to million years. The gamma-ray flux at the Earth due to a Galactic GRB would far exceed that from even the largest solar flares. The absorption of this radiation in the atmosphere would substantially increase the stratospheric nitric oxide concentration through photodissociation of N$_2$, greatly reducing the ozone concentration for several years through NO$_x$ catalysis, with important biospheric effects due to increased solar ultraviolet flux. A nearby GRB may also leave traces in anomalous radionuclide abundances.
Design of network action surveillance system based on internet real-name system

This paper presents a framework for internet realname system development that introduces a new phase in the usual procedure: Active Real-name System and Automatic Security Surveillance. The main goal of this paper is to bridge the gap between the real-name requirement analysis and the internet crime implementation through the generation of a model of the security system architecture plus the security policies associated with the components of the model that have to enforce them. For this purpose, the design phase is composed of two complementary steps: an architectural model and a set of design-level security policies. The main advantages and desired characteristics of these models are analyzed; they are related to existing work in the area; and future research directions are pointed.
Elsevier Editorial System(tm) for Journal of Informetrics Manuscript Draft Corresponding Author's Institution: Sri International Approaches to Understanding and Measuring Interdisciplinary Scientific Research (idr): a Review of the Literature

Interdisciplinary scientific research (IDR) extends and challenges the study of science on a number of fronts, including creating output science and engineering (S&E) indicators. This literature review began with a narrow search for quantitative measures of the output of IDR that could contribute to indicators, but the authors expanded the scope of the review as it became clear that differing definitions, assessment tools, evaluation processes, and measures all shed light on aspects of IDR. Key among these broader aspects is (a) the importance of incorporating the concept of knowledge integration, and (b) recognizing that integration can occur within a single mind as well as among a team. Existing output measures alone cannot adequately capture this process. Among the quantitative measures considered, bibliometrics (co-authorships, co-inventors, collaborations, references, citations and co-citations) are the most developed, but leave considerable gaps in understanding of the social dynamics that lead to knowledge integration. Emerging measures in network dynamics (particularly betweenness centrality and diversity), and entropy are promising as indicators, but their use requires sophisticated interpretations. Combinations of quantitative measures and qualitative assessments being applied within evaluation studies appear to reveal IDR processes but carry burdens of expense, intrusion, and lack of reproducibility year-upon-year. This review is a first step toward providing a more holistic view of measuring IDR, although research and development is needed before metrics can adequately reflect the actual phenomenon of IDR. The reviewer comments were carefully considered and addressed in this revision. Thank you for considering this revised document for publication. Reviewer #1: Although this paper is too long, in my opinion, it is the result of the common effort of some leading scholars in our field-combined with participations from other fields-who were commissioned and challenged by the US National Science Foundation to provide suggestions for indicators of "interdisciplinary research. " The paper reads well and provides a reflexive insight into the strengths and weaknesses of the bibliometric endeavor. I have only minor suggestions for improvements and further reflections. Response: The paper is significantly shortened from its former length. Perhaps, given the readership of this journal more than the policy audience of the previous report, some analytical lines which are somewhat hidden in the wordings can be made more explicit. For example, the paper repeatedly in the beginning makes clear the difference between social organization in teams and interdisciplinarity at other levels, but it fails to make this distinction really clear between textual …
The Ritual of Dream Interpretation in the Auschwitz Concentration Camp

This study is based on the testimonies submitted by former Auschwitz concentration camp prisoners to Polish psychiatrists in 1973. The respondents gave accounts of the daily camp custom of dream interpretation. The method of dream explanation in the camp was not sophisticated. It was a simple way of understanding dreams as future-oriented signs of the dreamer’s fate. However, the custom of interpreting dreams in Auschwitz can be described as a complex and multilevel ritual that had at least 3 dimensions: individual, interpersonal, and social. On the individual level, this ritual was oriented on revealing the inmates’ future. A prisoner, listening to a dream reader, could receive a good or bad prophecy, and this uncertainty was the core of the process. The interpersonal dimension of this ritual was connected with the inmates’ need to capture others’ attention. On the social level, dream sharing was a community-building activity. On each of these levels, finding the meaning of a dream was not as important as being engaged in closer relationships with other inmates. This article is an attempt to characterize the Auschwitz ritual of dream interpretation in light of various branches of cultural and dream studies as well as Randall Collins’s theory of interaction ritual chains.
A Framework for Understanding and Classifying Ontology Applications

In1 this paper, we draw attention to common goals and supporting technologies of several relatively distinct communities to facilitate closer cooperation and faster progress. The common thread is the need for sharing the meaning of terms in a given domain, which is a central role of ontologies. The different communities include ontology research groups, software developers and standards organizations. Using a broad definition of ‘ontology’, we show that much of the work being done by those communities may be viewed as practical applications of ontologies. To achieve this, we present a framework for understanding and classifying ontology applications. We identify three main categories of ontology applications: 1) neutral authoring, 2) common access to information, and 3) indexing for search. In each category, we identify specific ontology application scenarios. For each, we indicate their intended purpose, the role of the ontology, the supporting technologies and who the principal actors are and what they do. We illuminate the similarities and differences between scenarios. The copyright of this paper belongs to the papers authors. Permission to copy without fee all or part of this material is granted provided that the copies are not made or distributed for direct commercial advantage. Proceedings of the IJCAI-99 workshop on Ontologies and Problem-Solving Methods (KRR5) Stockholm, Sweden, August 2, 1999 (V.R. Benjamins, B. Chandrasekaran, A. Gomez-Perez, N. Guarino, M. Uschold, eds.) http://sunsite.informatik. rwth-aachen.de/Publications/CEUR-WS/Vol-18/ 1The order of authors was determined by a coin flip.
Automatic Analysis of Scripted Dialogs based on Surface Markers: An Integrated Software

Most information systems that deal with natural language texts do not tolerate much deviation from their idealized and simplified model of language. Spoken dialog is notoriously ungrammatical however. Because the MAREDI project focuses in particular on the automatic analysis of scripted dialogs, we needed to develop a robust capacity to analyze transcribed spoken language. This paper presents the main elements of our approach, which is based on exploiting surface markers as the best route to the semantics of the conversation modelled. We highlight the foundations of our particular conversational model and give an overview of the MAREDI system. The latter consists of three key modules, which are 1) a connectionist network to recognise speech acts, 2) a robust syntactic parser, and 3) a semantic analyzer. These three modules are fully implemented in Prolog and C++ and have been packaged into an integrated software.
Dissection of Kinesin's Processivity

The protein family of kinesins contains processive motor proteins that move stepwise along microtubules. This mechanism requires the precise coupling of the catalytic steps in the two heads, and their precise mechanical coordination. Here we show that these functionalities can be uncoupled in chimera of processive and non-processive kinesins. A chimera with the motor domain of Kinesin-1 and the dimerization domain of a non-processive Kinesin-3 motor behaves qualitatively as conventional kinesin and moves processively in TIRF and bead motility assays, suggesting that spatial proximity of two Kinein-1 motor domains is sufficient for processive behavior. In the reverse chimera, the non-processive motor domains are unable to step along microtubules, despite the presence of the Kinesin-1 neck coiled coil. Still, ATP-binding to one head of these chimera induces ADP-release from the partner head, a characteristic feature of alternating site catalysis. These results show that processive movement of kinesin dimers requires elements in the motor head that respond to ADP-release and induce stepping, in addition to a proper spacing of the motor heads via the neck coiled coil.
A Slow Intelligent Approach for the Improvement of Intrusion Detection and Prevention System

Computer network security is a fashionable and fast-moving field. In the last decade many methodologies and tools have been developed for improving the security of networks and their hosts, but the resources used to deal with the problem often do not yield results commensurate with costs. In the last period the adoption of Network Intrusion Prevention Systems promises to represent an effective line of defense against a variety of attacks that could compromise the security and proper functioning of an enterprise information system. This paper introduces a Network Intrusion Prevention System based on Ontological and Slow Intelligence approach. By the use of Ontology the proposed Network Intrusion Prevention System will analyze the input semantically while will improve over the time sharing knowledge among other similar systems or experts according to the Slow Intelligence approach. A first prototype of the environment has been developed and first experimental results have been showed.