Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
MARTINGALES: A CASE FOR A PLACE IN THE STATISTICIAN'S REPERTOIRE1

It is usually the case that martingale methods do not form a valued part of the statistician’s repertoire of techniques. The reasons are partly historical and partly environmental, and while modern texts on probability theory deal in great detail with sums of independent random variables, the essentially broader subject of martingales is often relegated to a small section or the back pages. The object of this note is to give a brief exposition of what martingales are and what they can do. It is my personal feeUng that the role of martingale theory in probabiUty and statistics will increase rapidly in importance within the next few years.
Wide-angle and broadband nonreciprocal thermal emitter with cascaded dielectric and Weyl semimetal grating structure

The recent review [Phys. Rev. Appl. 18, 027001 (2022)] has considered that the existing schemes of nonreciprocal radiation are greatly limited by the narrow-operated bandwidth and small angular range. To address these key challenges, here, the wide-angle and broadband nonreciprocal radiation based on cascaded dielectric and Weyl semimetal (WS) grating atop a thick continuous metal film is investigated. It is shown that strong nonreciprocal radiation with nonreciprocity larger than 0.9 is achieved in the spectral range of 14.77–16.175 μm for the angle of 59°. The physical origin behind this broadband nonreciprocal radiation is revealed through investigating the magnetic field distributions at several selected wavelengths and is also confirmed by the impedance matching theory. In addition, the broadband nonreciprocal radiation performance remains stably in a wide parameter space. Furthermore, it is found that the broadband spectral nonreciprocity can be maintained well in a wide angular range, in particular, above 0.7 nonreciprocity can be realized in the wavelength range of 14.5–16.5 μm for the angle between 36° and 64.5°. Both features make the proposed scheme very attractive for real production. Finally, the broadband spectral nonreciprocity can be flexibly controlled through change in the axial vector of the WS. We believe that the conclusions will pave the way for designing energy harvesting and conversion devices with improved efficiency.
Biomechanics of Traumatic Head and Neck Injuries on Women: A State-of-the-Art Review and Future Directions

Simple Summary With this review, the authors aim at providing the reader a concise biological and biomechanical description of the main contributions in the field of traumatic brain injuries and neurodegenerative outcomes for women, especially related to chronic traumatic encephalopathy. A review on numerical models created to address these issues is also performed, discussing the use (or the lack of use) of sex-specific validation experiments to validate those models. A discussion is also performed to alert to some considerations to be taken in account when numerically modelling those same injury scenarios. Abstract The biomechanics of traumatic injuries of the human body as a consequence of road crashes, falling, contact sports, and military environments have been studied for decades. In particular, traumatic brain injury (TBI), the so-called “silent epidemic”, is the traumatic insult responsible for the greatest percentage of death and disability, justifying the relevance of this research topic. Despite its great importance, only recently have research groups started to seriously consider the sex differences regarding the morphology and physiology of women, which differs from men and may result in a specific outcome for a given traumatic event. This work aims to provide a summary of the contributions given in this field so far, from clinical reports to numerical models, covering not only the direct injuries from inertial loading scenarios but also the role sex plays in the conditions that precede an accident, and post-traumatic events, with an emphasis on neuroendocrine dysfunctions and chronic traumatic encephalopathy. A review on finite element head models and finite element neck models for the study of specific traumatic events is also performed, discussing whether sex was a factor in validating them. Based on the information collected, improvement perspectives and future directions are discussed.
An Integrated Gate Driver Based on SiC MOSFETs Adaptive Multi-Level Control Technique

In HV (high-voltage) and HF (high-frequency) applications, SiC (silicon carbide) MOSFET is widely used for its small parasitic characteristics and fast switching speed. Using discrete devices on PCB, the active gate driver is usually adopted to restrict EMI (electromagnetic interference) noise. This method could achieve a limited switching performance improvement, and many disadvantages still exist. In this paper, the integrated adaptive multi-level gate driver is presented to improve the switching performance of SiC MOSFET in HV and HF applications. The proposed gate driver is realized on the chip using critical techniques such as dV/dt noise attenuation, high-speed circuit, and anti-false triggering mechanism. Then, the proposed gate drive is fabricated in a $0.18~\mu \text{m}$ BCD process and occupies a 4.16 mm2 active area. The experimental results show that SiC MOSFET can achieve a 200 ns switching time, 0.8 mJ energy losses, no more than 15 V/ns average dV/dt noises, and 1.5 A/ns average di/dt noises under a 600 V power supply and a 33 A load. SiC MOSFET can also realize the excellent switching performance at different load currents from 15 A to 90 A by using the proposed adaptive multi-level gate driver.
Random networks for communication: from statistical physics to information systems

The subject of random networks is, as the authors state, at the intersection of mathematics, physics, and information theory of systems. It is a useful modelling technique that has been fruitfully used in fields ranging from wireless communication to biological systems. In short, it has proven to be an extremely useful tool. This text is an outgrowth of courses given by the authors and one gets the feeling of sitting in a lecture room when reading this book. The book is well suited to self-study as the authors’ style is conversational, an outline is presented of most of the proofs prior to the complete proof, many interim steps are given in proofs and computations, and numerous diagrams elucidate the presentation. The authors unashamedly state in the introduction that they have omitted some (important) results that lack the geometric flavour of the other results presented in the text. These omissions do create a more uniform presentation and the authors credit and reference other articles and books freely, thereby never leaving one in doubt as to where one can find more information about a specific topic. They also provide a ‘Historical notes and further reading’ section at the end of each chapter which I found invaluable. Numerous exercises (homework assignments) are given at the end of each chapter. These exercises extend rather than complete the text as some other texts tend to do in an effort to reduce size. The lecture style of the book, I believe, made the authors decide to label every displayed formula (last line in the case of multi-line formula). The result of this is that about half the labelled formulas are never referenced. This is one trivial critique on a book that is nicely typeset and reflects course-tested ideas.Another critique would be on the introduction of the term ‘exponential signal attenuation’ which gets supplanted immediately by ‘exponential attenuation’. This results in ‘exponential signal attenuation’ being mentioned only twice, once in the text and once in the index. Aimed as a book suitable for both engineers and mathematicians (whereby I will include statisticians), the authors have only assumed the absolute minimum prerequisite knowledge and have created a text that should be accessible, in part, to a curious advanced undergraduate student. This does imply that for some of the more advance results, the reader is referred to more mathematically orientated books and articles, but this does not at all imply a lack of rigour. The book is aimed at laying a foundation which will open the field of random networks to researchers from engineering, mathematics, and statistics. In doing so, the authors are more
Effect of the Combined Use of Beauveria bassiana (Balsamo) Vuillemin and Diatomaceous Earth for the Control of Tribolium castaneum (Herbst) and Trogoderma granarium Everts

Muhammad Yasin1, Azhar Abbas Khan2*, Sana Rubab2 and Sumaira Maqsood3 1Deprtment of Entomology, The Islamia University, Bahawalpur, Pakistan. 2College of Agriculture, Bahauddin Zakariya University, Bahadur Sub Campus Layyah, Pakistan. 3Department of Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Mountain Agriculture and Environmental Sciences, Kohsar University, Murree, Pakistan. Article Information Received 20 November 2021 Revised 11 August 2022 Accepted 08 September 2022 Available online 05 January 2023 (early access)
Lipid Changes in the Peri-Implantation Period with Mass Spectrometry Imaging: A Systematic Review

Mass spectrometry imaging is a sensitive method for detecting molecules in tissues in their native form. Lipids mainly act as energy stores and membrane constituents, but they also play a role in lipid signaling. Previous studies have suggested an important role of lipids in implantation; therefore, our aim was to investigate the lipid changes during this period based on the available literature. The systematic literature search was performed on Ovid MEDLINE, Cochrane Library, Embase, and LILACS. We included studies about lipid changes in the early embryonal stage of healthy mammalian development published as mass spectrometry imaging. The search retrieved 917 articles without duplicates, and five articles were included in the narrative synthesis of the results. Two articles found a different spatial distribution of lipids in the early bovine embryo and receptive uterus. Three articles investigated lipids in mice in the peri-implantation period and found a different spatial distribution of several glycerophospholipids in both embryonic and maternal tissues. Although only five studies from three different research groups were included in this systematic review, it is clear that the spatial distribution of lipids is diverse in different tissues and their distribution varies from day to day. This may be a key factor in successful implantation, but further studies are needed to elucidate the exact mechanism.
Heat and mass transfer through MHD Darcy Forchheimer Casson hybrid nanofluid flow across an exponential stretching sheet

Recent research has reported on the energy and mass transition caused by Casson hybrid nanofluid flow across an extended stretching sheet. Thermal and velocity slip conditions, heat absorption, viscous dissipation, thermal radiation, the Darcy effect, and thermophoresis diffusion have all been considered in the study of fluid flow. Fluid flow is subjected to an angled magnetic field to control the flow stream. Cu and Al2O3 NPs are dispensed into the Casson fluid to create a hybrid nanofluid (blood). The suggested model of flow dynamics is an evolving nonlinear system of PDEs, which is then reduced to a system of dimensionless ODEs using similarity proxies. The resulting set of ODEs is solved using the analytical program “HAM” for further processing. However, it has been found that the effects of the suction parameter and Darcy Forchhemier considerably reduced the energy transference rate of hybrid nanoliquids. It has been discovered that the effects of thermal radiation and heat absorption increase the energy transfer rate. Furthermore, the velocity and energy transmission rate are noticeably amplified by the dispersion of copper and cobalt ferrite nanoparticles in the base fluid.
Optimization of Weighted Aggregated Sum Product Assessment

One of important parts of every computer-aided multiple criteria decision support system is selection of a proper MCDM (Multiple Criteria Decision Making) method. WSM (Weighted Sum Model) and WPM (Weighted Product Model) are analyzed in the current research. The aim of the research is to measure the accuracy of the latter methods and to propose a method to increase the ranking accuracy of alternatives. It is proposed to apply joint WASPAS (Weighted Aggregates Sum Product Assessment) method. Methodology for evaluation of accuracy, based on initial criteria values, is developed. Optimization of weighted aggregated function is suggested, that enables to reach the highest accuracy of measurement. An example of application of the proposed methodology is presented. Ill. 3, bibl. 15, tabl. 4 (in English; abstracts in English and Lithuanian). DOI: http://dx.doi. org/10.5755/j01.eee. 122.6. 1810
Soliton and polaron transport in trans-polyacetylene

Charge transport, especially soliton and polaron dynamics, is simulated for systems of coupled trans-polyacetylene chains using the Su-Schrieffer-Heeger model with an additional part to include an external electric field. We show that soliton-assisted interchain charge transport is not as likely as polaron interchain hopping. In systems with strong interchain interaction the two-dimensional (2D) polaron is stable in the unbiased case. However, when an external field is applied the 2D polaron becomes unstable for interchain migration, the charge is instead delocalized both along and between polymer chains. Thus, for well-ordered polymeric systems, which cannot be considered one dimensional, the transition to a metallic phase can occur at much lower doping levels than in systems for which the interchain coupling is less prominent.
Exergy analysis of binary plate distillation column operations

This work developed the stage-exergy rate diagrams for determining feasible operating conditions in binary distillation columns and studied the effects of key process parameters on the stage-exergy rate diagrams, energy and exergy efficiencies, and irreversibility rate at various conditions. HYSYS (2003) process simulation software and Microsoft EXCEL spreadsheet were used for process analysis. The stage-exergy rate diagram was found to be a very useful thermodynamic tool, which should be used to compliment exergy efficiency results in exergy studies. Increase in reference temperature was found to decrease the exergy efficiency and to increase the irreversibility rate of the distillation unit.
Impact of the edge pedestal characteristics on the integrated performance in advanced tokamak operation modes in JT-60U

Characteristics of the edge pedestal has been studied for the high βp ELMy H mode and the reversed shear ELMy H mode in JT-60U. The contribution of the pedestal is around 20% for the confinement improvement factor, the normalized beta, and the bootstrap fraction. The upper boundary of the fusion performance measure increases with the pedestal poloidal beta, βp-ped. At high triangularity, δ, βp-ped increases with the total βp (βp − tot) almost linearly for positive shear type I ELMy discharges. This dependence is not due to the profile stiffness, since the dependence is the same for the discharges both with and without an internal transport barrier (ITB). In the reversed shear ELMy H mode, βp-ped increases with βp-tot on the same line as the positive shear cases except at high q95 = 8–9.3. In the high plasma current regime, the final structure with both an ITB and edge transport barrier seems to be determined by the balance between the expanding ITB-foot radius and deepening ELM penetration: the ELM penetration radius deepens with increasing pedestal stored energy and then reaches the ITB-foot radius. The ITB-foot seems to behave as a barrier against the ELM crash penetration, and shrinks after a few ELM attacks, and the ELM penetration follows the shrinking ITB-foot.
A projection approach to covariance equivalent realizations of discrete systems

Covariance equivalent realization theory has been used recently in continuous systems for model reduction [1]-[4] and controller reduction [2], [5]. In model reduction, this technique produces a reduced-order model that matches q + 1 output covariances and q Markov parameters of the full-order model. In controller reduction, it produces a reduced controller that is "close" to matching q + 1 output covariances of the full-order controller, and q Markov parameters of the closed-loop system. For discrete systems, a method was devised to produce a reduced-order model that matches the q + 1 covariances [6], but not any Markov parameters. This method requires a factorization to obtain the input matrix, and since the dimension of this matrix factor depends upon rank properties not known a priori, this method may not maintain the original dimension of the input vector. Hence, this method [6] is obviously not suitable for controller reduction. A new projection method is described that matches q covariances and q Markov parameters of the original system while maintaining the correct dimension of the input vector.
An investigation of maternal psychological status of children with congenital talipes equinovarus treated with the Ponseti method

Objectives: To investigate maternal psychological status of children with congenital talipes equinovarus in different periods, and to clarify the influence on maternal psychological status of congenital talipes equinovarus treated with the Ponseti method. Methods: Sixty-seven mothers of children with congenital talipes equinovarus were investigated. Self-rating Depression Scale and Self-rating Anxiety Scale were used to evaluate the psychological stress of the mothers at different periods. Paired-samples t-test was used to analyze the results. Results: The mothers of 67 children with congenital talipes equinovarus ranged from 25 to 38 years old, with an average of 33.5 years old. Before prenatal diagnosis of congenital talipes equinovarus, the average score of Self-rating Anxiety Scale was 42.537 ± 10.476, and the average score of Self-rating Depression Scale was 47.254 ± 12.846; after prenatal diagnosis of congenital talipes equinovarus, the average score of Self-rating Anxiety Scale was 54.224 ± 13.050, and the average score of Self-rating Depression Scale was 57.403 ± 13.649 points. Before the postpartum treatment of congenital talipes equinovarus, the average score of Self-rating Anxiety Scale was 53.388 ± 12.716, the average score of Self-rating Depression Scale was 56.284 ± 13.617; after the treatment of congenital talipes equinovarus with the Ponseti method, the average score of Self-rating Anxiety Scale was 47.731 ± 12.259, and the average score of Self-rating Depression Scale was 51.910 ± 13.878 points. The above differences were statistically significant (P < 0.001). Conclusion: The prenatal diagnosis of congenital talipes equinovarus will increase the maternal psychological stress, and the maternal psychological status will be significantly improved after the deformity of congenital talipes equinovarus is corrected effectively by the Ponseti method. Level of evidence: level III, retrospective study.
Differences in Carbon Sequestration Ability of Diverse Tartary Buckwheat Genotypes in Barren Soil Caused by Microbial Action

Planting plants to increase soil carbon input has been widely used to achieve carbon neutrality goals. Tartary buckwheat not only has good barren tolerance but is also rich in nutrients and very suitable for planting in barren areas. However, the effects of different genotypes of Tartary buckwheat roots and rhizosphere microorganisms on soil carbon input are still unclear. In this study, ozone sterilization was used to distinguish the sources of soil organic acids and C-transforming enzymes, and the contribution of root and rhizosphere microorganisms to soil carbon storage during the growth period of two genotypes of tartary buckwheat was studied separately to screen suitable varieties. Through the analysis of the experimental results, the conclusions are as follows: (1) The roots of Diqing tartary buckwheat have stronger carbon sequestration ability in a barren environment than Heifeng, and the microorganisms in Diqing tartary buckwheat soil will also increase soil carbon input. Therefore, Diqing tartary buckwheat is more suitable for carbon sequestration than Heifeng tartary buckwheat in barren soil areas. (2) In the absence of microorganisms, the rhizosphere soil of tartary buckwheat can regulate the storage of soil organic carbon by secreting extracellular enzymes and organic acids. (3) The structural equation model showed that to promote carbon sequestration, Heifeng tartary buckwheat needed to inhibit microbial action when planted in the barren area of Loess Plateau, while Diqing tartary buckwheat needed to use microbial-promoting agents. Adaptive strategies should focus more on cultivar selection to retain carbon in soil and to assure the tolerance of fineness in the future.
A contribution to nonstandard superanalysis

The nonstandard (infinitesimal) analysis developed by Robinson is applied to certain foundational aspects of superanalysis. The construction of nonstandard hull due to Luxemburg is used to study ‘‘limit phenomena’’ arising in a Grassmann algebra Λ(q) as the number of generators q tends to infinity. An outcome of such an approach is that under transition t→∞ a superspace of purely odd dimension (0,q) transforms into a superspace of dimension (∞,∞) and not (0,∞) as one would expect. It is suggested that this construction may have something to do with the problem of adequate mathematical description of collective bosonic effects arising within infinite fermionic dimensions.
Spin Coherent State Representation in Non-Equilibrium Statistical Mechanics

A new method of treating problems of spin systems is developed, in which spin operators are transformed into two kinds of boson operators according to Schwinger's method. Usual treatment of coherent state representation is generalized to spin systems with a fixed magnitude S . Some basic properties and the relations to the atomic coherent state are investigated rather in details. The method is applied to spin relaxation process and a corresponding Fokker-Planck type equation is obtained and solved to give a multiple relaxation process due to nonlinearities. It is shown that our formulation has several advantages over other ones in some respects.
Automated Hypertension Detection Using ConvMixer and Spectrogram Techniques with Ballistocardiograph Signals

Blood pressure is the pressure exerted by the blood in the veins against the walls of the veins. If this value is above normal levels, it is known as high blood pressure (HBP) or hypertension (HPT). This health problem which often referred to as the “silent killer” reduces the quality of life and causes severe damage to many body parts in various ways. Besides, its mortality rate is very high. Hence, rapid and effective diagnosis of this health problem is crucial. In this study, an automatic diagnosis of HPT has been proposed using ballistocardiography (BCG) signals. The BCG signals were transformed to the time-frequency domain using the spectrogram method. While creating the spectrogram images, parameters such as window type, window length, overlapping rate, and fast Fourier transform size were adjusted. Then, these images were classified using ConvMixer architecture, similar to vision transformers (ViT) and multi-layer perceptron (MLP)-mixer structures, which have attracted a lot of attention. Its performance was compared with classical architectures such as ResNet18 and ResNet50. The results obtained showed that the ConvMixer structure gave very successful results and a very short operation time. Our proposed model has obtained an accuracy of 98.14%, 98.79%, and 97.69% for the ResNet18, ResNet50, and ConvMixer architectures, respectively. In addition, it has been observed that the processing time of the ConvMixer architecture is relatively short compared to these two architectures.