Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Trend and Value Based Time Series Representation for Similarity Search

Research in time series (TS) knowledge discovery in general, and in similarity search in particular has been very active in recent years, due to the number of application domains that are progressively requiring to work with large amounts of high dimensional TS data. Unfortunately, for many practical applications, the high dimensionality in such frameworks makes it difficult to uncover important patterns from the raw data. Hence TS transformation techniques have become important preprocessing tools for many pattern recognition tasks. In this paper we investigate the problem of similarity search in TS and proposea symbolic transformation process that incorporates the TS value and trend information to enhance accuracy in the search results, and a symbolic similarity measure. We conduct numerous experiments to evaluate the performance of the proposed technique. Our results indicate a better capture of the time series characteristics, while providing increased accuracy and efficiency.
Clinical and pathophysiological characteristics of acute-onset functional dyspepsia.

BACKGROUND & AIMS Functional bowel disorders may follow acute intestinal infection. In animals, postinflammatory dysmotility is associated with nitrergic dysfunction. The aim of this study was to identify and characterize patients with presumed postinfectious dyspepsia (PD) compared with unspecified-onset dyspepsia (UD). METHODS A total of 400 consecutive dyspeptic patients filled out a questionnaire to assess whether their symptoms were of postinfectious origin. They underwent testing for Helicobacter pylori infection as well as gastric emptying and gastric barostat studies. Pharmacological studies of nitrergic gastric function were performed in controls, in patients with presumed PD, and in patients with UD using sumatriptan, an activator of nitrergic neurons, and amylnitrite, a nitric oxide donor. RESULTS Presumed PD was present in 17% of the patients and associated with more prevalent early satiety, weight loss, nausea, and vomiting compared with UD. Both groups did not differ in H. pylori infection, gastric emptying, or gastric sensitivity. Impaired accommodation was significantly more prevalent in patients with presumed PD (67% vs. 30%; P < 0.05). Sumatriptan relaxed the stomach in controls and patients with UD but not in patients with presumed PD, whereas amyl nitrite relaxed the stomach in all subjects. CONCLUSIONS A subset of dyspeptic patients has a history suggestive of postinfectious dyspepsia. These patients have a high prevalence of impaired accommodation attributable to a dysfunction at the level of gastric nitrergic neurons.
A New Approach in the Behavior of House Prices

House prices and their movements are a topic of much interest in today’s society. Most of the population in a country is affected by house price movements in one way or another. The debate mostly focuses on house price bubbles. In this thesis it is argued that the debate should widen its focus. During times of crises, house prices’ conditional variance increases and this harms the economy. Thus it is of importance to model this behavior. Research about house prices conditional variance has so far only been concentrated on the volatility of that single variable. In this thesis, it is argued that other fundamental variables that explain house prices should be added to this analysis. It is the conditional variance of the residuals of a house price function that should be analyzed rather than only the house price itself. Conditional heteroskedastic effects are found and modeled for the residuals from a house price function. It is concluded that both the explanatory power and the fit of the model increase by adding those variables in the analysis.
A new remote user authentication scheme using smart cards

We propose a new remote user authentication scheme using smart cards. The scheme is based on the ElGamal's (1985) public key cryptosystem. Our scheme does not require a system to maintain a password table for verifying the legitimacy of the login users. In addition, our scheme can withstand message replaying attack.
Stability of money demand function in Pakistan

This paper is an attempt to contribute to the ongoing debate: should central bank of Pakistan adopt inflation targeting or continue with the monetary targeting as a monetary policy strategy? A pre-requisite for monetary targeting strategy is a stable money demand function, which in turn requires stability in velocity. Instability in velocity on the other hand is believed to stem from the volatility of the interest rate. The paper explores the stability of velocity of money in Pakistan. The results show that the base and broad money velocities are independent of the interest rate fluctuations. It is also found that all the three velocities (with respect to M0, M1, and M2) have stable relationship with their determinants. These findings validate use of monetary aggregates as nominal anchor.
The impact of trust and confidentiality on strategic organizational change programmes: a case study of post‐acquisition integration

This paper explores the dynamics of trust and confidentiality during post-merger and acquisition integration planning. The case of a four-year integration programme in a FTSE100 healthcare organisation provides the context; with a specific focus on the scenario planning phase where participants were bound by a confidentiality agreement. Factors relating to trust and confidentiality are identified as being problematic within the project integration team. Conflicts were apparent in communication needs, enforced short project timescales and value incongruence. Recommendations are suggested to alleviate the tensions created by these factors.
An efficient protocol for in vitro regeneration of Podophyllum hexandrum , a critically endangered medicinal plant

Rhizome explants were used to develop a protocol for in vitro plantlet regeneration of Podophyllum hexandrum , a critically endangered medicinal plant, through direct organogenesis. Highest rate of multiple shoot formation was noted in MS medium supplemented with 11.42 µM IAA within three months. A synergistic effect of 2.68 µM NAA and 11.1 µM BAP was second best. The ½ MS liquid medium with 100 µM IBA was most suitable for rooting of shoots. Leaf explants resulted in callus formation only. Leaf regenerated calli showed the presence of podophyllotoxin in HPLC analysis.
The EU as a Framing Actor: Reflections on Media Debates About EU Foreign Policy

This article explores the EU's ability to frame the public debates about its external policies. The article begins by broadening the current discussions about the three aspects of actorness legitimacy, attractiveness and recognition by introducing the EU's framing power as a fourth aspect of actorness. Then it proceeds to an empirical analysis of framing, which is based on a discourse analysis of the news coverage of Ukraine (2002-07) in print media in the three biggest EU Member States (United Kingdom, Germany and France).
Modes of Onset of Psychotic Depression

Addis, G. J. (1959). Scot. med. 7. , 4, 547. Buckwalter, J. A. , Naifeh, G. S. , and Auer, J. E. (1962). Brit. med. 7. , 2, 1023. Clarke, C. A. , McConnell, R. B. , and Sheppard, P. M. (1960). Ibid., 1, 21. Glynn, A. A. , Glynn, L. E. , and Holborow, E. J. (1956). Lancet, 2, 759. (1959). Brit. med. Y. , 2, 266. Glynn, L. E. , and Holborow, E. J. (1952). 7. Path. Bact. , 64, 775. (1961). Arthr. and Rheum. , 4, 203. Kaklamanis, E. , Holborow, E. J., and Glynn, L. E. (1964). Lancet, 1, 788. Khattab, T. M. , and Ismail, A. A. (1960). 7. Egypt. med. Ass. , 43, 441. Maxted, G. R. (1940). Arch. Dis. Childh. , 15, 181. Nerell, G. (1963). Ann. hum. Genet. , 27, 119. Pham-Huu-Trung, Bessis, A. , and Mozziconacci, P. (1961). Ann. Pediat. , 8, 423. Roberts, J. A. F. (1957). Brit. 7. prev. soc. Med., 11, 107. Van Rijsewijk, M. J. H. , and Goslings, W. R. 0. (1963). Brit. mcd. 7. , 2, 542. Walsh, R. J., and Kooptzoff, 0. (1956). Aust. Ann. Med., 5, 17. Wiener, A. S. (1962). Lancet, 1, 813. Wilson, M. G. (1962). Advances in Rheumatic Fever, 1940-1961. Commonwealth Fund, Hoeber, New York.
Widely tunable-constant bandwidth monolithic Fabry-Perot filter with a stable cavity design for WDM systems

The authors report the design and fabrication of micromechanically tunable filters using a novel stable resonator geometry. The filters consist of a 1/spl lambda/ air-gap cavity with two InP/air-gap Bragg reflectors. The design of the micromechanical structure ensures a stable resonator geometry under actuation that provides constant performance throughout the entire tuning range of 65 nm. The devices are micromachined from a monolithic all epitaxial InP-InGaAs structure that can be integrated with an InP-based photo detector or emitter in a low-cost component for coarse wavelength division multiplexing systems operating in the 1.3 or 1.55 /spl mu/m band.
Reflection on our system of environmental instruments

This issue focuses on a set of very practical issues in conservation: the continual refinement of market based instruments for conservation purposes; and the practicalities of retaining scattered trees on farms, and of managing campsites and horse riding in protected areas. This emphasises the diversity of ‘instruments’ needed in environmental management, and the value of continual improvement as new research or new information from evaluation and adaptive management procedures identifies refinements and new issues. Environmental management requires attention to many scales, from national, to regional and ‘landscape’, to land parcel and even smaller scales of management. It thus involves a very wide range of instruments, including regulatory tools (e.g. vegetation management), assessment tools (e.g. environment and social impact assessment), behaviour change strategies shaped by economic or ‘market based’ instruments, to awareness raising and appeal to voluntary change, and collaborative mechanisms such as Landcare groups, Integrated Catchment Management (or Integrated Water Resource Management), and Australia’s Regional Bodies for Natural Resource Management and New Zealand’s Regional Councils. As Barry Carbon pointed out in a keynote speech to the Environment Institute of Australia and New Zealand annual conference in 2011, we need to rethink how well our instruments are performing, and how well they adapt to handle emerging challenges. Is there too much reliance on protected areas to achieve conservation, especially given the combined threats of population growth increasing land demand for residence and food growing, and climate change rendering the locations and corridor connections of many protected areas potentially less effective? Elaborating from Carbon’s line of thinking, are we doing enough to enable and foster conservation at landscape scales and on privately owned land, where conservation is constrained by the same factors? How well are our regional collaborative approaches succeeding in biodiversity conservation, amongst multiple-use goals for landscapes, and is there an effective nexus between regulatory, assessment, and collaborative approaches at landscape scale? Further, do our instruments combine effectively as a comprehensive and adaptable system capable of securing sound environmental management towards our range of societal and ecosystem requirements? Regulatory approaches are a vital component, and set minimum standards in certain circumstances, but can invoke negative public reaction, and achieving compliance is costly (and is seldom sufficiently resourced). They may curb the most damaging actions, but do little to enthuse those who might voluntarily undertake industrial best practice or conservation steps. To be effective, regulation needs to be well designed, the logic promoted well through excellent communication, and it needs an effective compliance regime. Australia and New Zealand might look to supplement Australasian Journal of Environmental Management Vol. 19, No. 2, June 2012, 75 78
Occult hepatitis B is not necessarily an infection.

REFERENCES 1. Talley NJ, Shorter RG, Phillips SF, et al. Eosinophilic gastroenteritis: a clinicopathological study of patients with disease of the mucosa, muscle layer, and subserosal tissues. Gut. 1990;31:54–58. 2. Blackshaw AJ, Levison DA. Eosinophilic infiltrates of the gastrointestinal tract— review article. J Clin Pathol. 1986;39:1–7. 3. Catalano L, Pastena S, Catalano M, et al. Eosinophilic gastroenteritis—a rare localization of the hypereosinophilic syndrome? Haematologica. 1992;77:292–293. 4. Caldwell JH, Sharma HM, Hurtubise PE, et al. Eosinophilic gastroenteritis in extreme allergy: immunopathological comparison with nonallergic gastrointestinal disease. Gastroenterology. 1979;77: 560–564. 5. Kaijser R. Zur Kenntnis der allergischen Affectionen des Verdauungskanals von Standpunkt des Chirurgen aus. Arch Klin Chir. 1937;188:39–64. 6. Klein NC, Hargrove RL, Sleisenger MH, et al. Eosinophilic gastroenteritis. Medicine (Baltimore). 1970;49:299–319. 7. Naylor AR. Eosinophilic gastroenteritis. Scott Med J. 1990;35:163–165. 8. Kalantar SJ, Lambert JR, Badov D, et al. Dyspepsia due to eosinophilic gastroenteritis. Dig Dis Sci. 1997;42:2327–2332. 9. Hernandez-trujillo V, AI-Herz W, Smith S, et al. Helicobacter pylori gastritis and eosinophilic esophagitis in a 41 2-year-old child. Int Pediatr. 2000;15:229–231. 10. Muler MJ, Sewell GS. Coexistence of eosinophilic gastroenteritis and Helicobacter pylori gastritis: causality versus coincidence. Dig Dis Sci. 2001;46:1784–1786. 11. Papadopoulos AA, Tzathas C, Polymeros D, et al. Symptomatic eosinophilic gastritis cured with Helicobacter pylori eradication. Gut. 2005;54:1822.
Arachidonic acid is an autocoid mediator of the differential action of 1,25‐(OH)2D3 and 24,25‐(OH)2D3 on growth plate chondrocytes

Prior studies have shown that 24,25‐(OH)2D3 and 1,25‐(OH)2D3 regulate protein kinase C (PKC) in costochondral chondrocytes in a cell maturation‐dependent manner, with 1,25‐(OH)2D3 affecting primarily growth zone (GC) cells and 24,25‐(OH)2D3 affecting primarily resting zone (RC) cells. In addition, 1,25‐(OH)2D3 has been shown to increase phospholipase A2 activity in GC, while 24,25‐(OH)2D3 has been shown to decrease phospholipase A2 activity in RC. Stimulation of phospholipase A2 in GC caused an increase in PKC, whereas inhibition of phospholipase A2 activity in RC cultures increased both basal and 24,25‐(OH)2D3‐induced PKC activity, suggesting that phospholipase A2 may play a central role in mediating the effects of the vitamin D metabolites on PKC. To test this hypothesis, RC and GC cells were cultured in the presence and absence of phospholipase A2 inhibitors (quinacrine and oleyloxyethylphosphorylcholine [OEPC]), phospholipase A2 activators (melittin and mastoparan), or arachidonic acid alone or in the presence of the target cell‐specific vitamin D metabolite. PKC specific activity in the cell layer was determined as a function of time. Phospholipase A2 inhibitors decreased both basal and 1,25‐(OH)2D3‐induced PKC activity in GC. When phospholipase A2 activity was activated by inclusion of melittin or mastoparan in the cultures, basal PKC activity in RC was reduced, while that in GC was increased. Similarly, melittin and mastoparan decreased 24,25‐(OH)2D3‐induced PKC activity in RC and increased 1,25‐(OH)2D3‐induced PKC activity in GC. For both cell types, the addition of arachidonic acid to the culture media produced an effect on PKC activity that was similar to that observed when phospholipase A2 activators were added to the cells. These results demonstrate that vitamin D metabolite‐induced changes in phospholipase A2 activity are directly related to changes in PKC activity. Similarly, exogenous arachidonic acid affects PKC in a manner consistent with activation of phospholipase A2. These effects are cell maturation‐ and time‐dependent and metabolite‐specific. J. Cell. Physiol. 176:516–524, 1998. © 1998 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
2 Congestion Control

My research has focused on enabling cross-layer programmability in large-scale systems to optimize their efficiency and reliability. To this end, my research has traced two trajectories in the systems and networking area. The first, a body of work in optical networking (§1), focuses on enabling programmability between the IP and the physical layers of the networking stack. The second, a body of work in congestion control (§2), focuses on enabling programmability between the application, kernel, and Network Interface Card (NIC) of the end-host stack. My work stands out from other research in these areas because it sits at the balance between theory and practice. I am driven by the intellectual challenge of making a real-world impact with solutions that have provable theoretical properties. Thus, my research philosophy has been to employ an iterative process between theoretical formulation and practical tractability in real-world systems. This passion has led to algorithms and systems that are now deployed in large-scale production systems at Google and Microsoft (§3). For instance, my work on programmable optical networks has moved Microsoft to invest in building an entire infrastructure for optical software-defined networking in its networks [1, 2, 3, 4] and my work on delay-based congestion control is in production at Google [5]. My research methodology can be summed up in four steps: (1) measure the system to understand it and find the root cause of inefficiency; (2) formulate a well-stated optimization problem, with particular attention to the inefficiencies introduced by different layers of the stack; (3) find practical abstractions that enable a programmable interaction across layers of the stack to solve the optimization problem; and (4) build and evaluate the new system to determine how well it solves the problem. I focus on network efficiency and reliability throughout the research process and construct solutions that are tested with simulations and real hardware at scale. This focus on designing and building systems with rigorous properties defines my niche as a researcher.
Determinants of the adjustment speed of capital structure

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to examine the role of institutional, macroeconomic, industry, and firm characteristics on the adjustment speed of corporate capital structure within the context of developing countries. Design/methodology/approach – The authors considers a sample of 986 firms drawn from nine developing countries in Africa over a period of ten years (1999-2008). The study develops dynamic partial adjustment models that link capital structure adjustment speed and institutional, macroeconomic, and firm characteristics. The analysis is carried out using system Generalized Method of Moments procedure which is robust to data heterogeneity and endogeneity problems. Findings – The paper finds that firms in developing countries do temporarily deviate from (and partially adjust to) their target capital structures. Our results also indicate that: more profitable firms tend to rapidly adjust their capital structures than less profitable firms; the effects of firm size, growth opportunities, and.
Age-Dependent Reorganization of Peri-Infarct “Premotor” Cortex With Task-Specific Rehabilitative Training in Mice

Background. The incidence of stroke in adulthood increases with advancing age, but there is little understanding of how poststroke treatment should be tailored by age. Objective. The goal of this study was to determine if age and task specificity of rehabilitative training affect behavioral improvement and motor cortical organization after stroke. Methods. Young and aged mice were trained to proficiency on the Pasta Matrix Reaching Task prior to lesion induction in primary motor cortex with endothelin-1. After a short recovery period, mice received 9 weeks of rehabilitative training on either the previously learned task (Pasta Matrix Reaching), a different reaching task (Tray Reaching), or no training. To determine the extent of relearning, mice were tested once weekly on the Pasta Matrix Reaching Task. Mice then underwent intracortical microstimulation mapping to resolve the remaining forelimb movement representations in perilesion motor cortex. Results. Although aged mice had significantly larger lesions compared with young mice, Pasta Matrix Reaching served as effective rehabilitative training for both age-groups. Young animals also showed improvement after Tray Reaching. Behavioral improvement in young mice was associated with an expansion of the rostral forelimb area (“premotor” cortex), but we failed to see reorganization in the aged brain, despite similar behavioral improvements. Conclusions. Our results indicate that reorganization of motor cortex may be limited by either aging or greater tissue damage, but the capacity to improve motor function via task-specific rehabilitative training continues to be well maintained in aged animals.
Opioid maintenance: a comparative review of pharmacological strategies

The use of opioids outside of medical practice is a significant health problem with important social and political implications. Although treatment of opioid dependence is traditionally focused on heroin users, there is increasing recognition that a large number of people become dependent through the use of prescription opioids. The necessity for long-term treatment has also been increasingly recognised. At present, there are several pharmacotherapies available for maintenance treatment, including drugs that are full agonists at the opioid receptor (e.g., methadone, slow-release oral morphine), a partial agonist (buprenorphine) and an opioid antagonist (naltrexone). This review examines the existing strategies, highlights problems associated with their use and discusses the opportunities for new treatment approaches, particularly the use of long-acting formulations.
Long-run relationship between output, capital, labour and productivity in emerging market economies

Long-run relationship between the variables involved in the production function is an issue that is important particularly in developing countries, as the neoclassical production function is best suited for developed countries and its applicability to developing countries is questionable in various ways. This motivates us to do this based on time-series analysis, taking Indian textile industry as an example, which is currently at its crucial stage as a critical industry in an emerging economy, with the phasing out of Multi Fibre Arrangement in 2005. This study documents existence of cointegration between capital and output, negative impact of employment shocks on output changes, substitutability between changes in capital and labour, negative effect of shocks to changes in capital stock on productivity and negative effect of employment shocks on future productivity. These results are in line with the general perceptions about this industry and with the standard neoclassical propositions, as explained in this article.
DRiMaP--A Model of Distributed Risk Management Process

Distributed software development creates many challenges to the primary contractors having the responsibility of delivering high quality products to their customers. To tackle these challenges, organizations must have an efficient distributed development process in place. They must also effectively manage risks within this distributed environment. In this paper, we suggest DRiMaP - a model of distributed risk management. This model has been designed at IBM Sweden.