Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Intrusion Detection and Prevention System: Classification and Quick Review

Besides the growth of information technology, the security has remained a main challenging issue for organizations. Most of the organizations are facing an increasing number of threats every day in the form of viruses and attack etc. Since many different mechanisms were opted by organizations in the form of intrusion detection and prevention system to protect its organizations for these kinds of attacks. As we are using IDPS for security but still there are security breaches in every organization. In order to understand the security risks and IDPS, we will make a quick review in the form of classification of these IDPS and classifying them in certain groups, we will make a parameter based comparative analysis of different intrusion detection and prevention tools. This paper will mainly focus on classification and comparative analysis of IDPS.
Querying the Semantic Web with Racer + nRQL

This paper introduces a description logic query language for retrieving A-box individuals that satisfy specific conditions. The language is substantially more expressive than traditional concept-based retrieval languages offered by previous description logic reasoning systems. The new language is implemented in the Racer system. We demonstrate the applicability of nRQL (new Racer Query Language) to OWL semantic web repositories and evaluate the performance of the current state of the art query answering engines for description logics using the Lehigh University Benchmark (LUBM).
Freshwater biodiversity: importance, threats, status and conservation challenges

Freshwater biodiversity is the over‐riding conservation priority during the International Decade for Action ‐‘Water for Life’ ‐ 2005 to 2015. Fresh water makes up only 0.01% of the World's water and approximately 0.8 % of the Earth's surface, yet this tiny fraction of global water supports at least 100 000 species out of approximately 1.8 million ‐ almost 6% of all described species. Inland waters and freshwater biodiversity constitute a valuable natural resource, in economic, cultural, aesthetic, scientific and educational terms. Their conservation and management are critical to the interests of all humans, nations and governments. Yet this precious heritage is in crisis. Fresh waters are experiencing declines in biodiversity far greater than those in the most affected terrestrial ecosystems, and if trends in human demands for water remain unaltered and species losses continue at current rates, the opportunity to conserve much of the remaining biodiversity in fresh water will vanish before the ‘Water for Life’ decade ends in 2015. Why is this so, and what is being done about it? This article explores the special features of freshwater habitats and the biodiversity they support that makes them especially vulnerable to human activities. We document threats to global freshwater biodiversity under five headings: overexploitation; water pollution; flow modification; destruction or degradation of habitat; and invasion by exotic species. Their combined and interacting influences have resulted in population declines and range reduction of freshwater biodiversity worldwide. Conservation of biodiversity is complicated by the landscape position of rivers and wetlands as ‘receivers’ of land‐use effluents, and the problems posed by endemism and thus non‐substitutability. In addition, in many parts of the world, fresh water is subject to severe competition among multiple human stakeholders. Protection of freshwater biodiversity is perhaps the ultimate conservation challenge because it is influenced by the upstream drainage network, the surrounding land, the riparian zone, and ‐ in the case of migrating aquatic fauna ‐ downstream reaches. Such prerequisites are hardly ever met. Immediate action is needed where opportunities exist to set aside intact lake and river ecosystems within large protected areas. For most of the global land surface, trade‐offs between conservation of freshwater biodiversity and human use of ecosystem goods and services are necessary. We advocate continuing attempts to check species loss but, in many situations, urge adoption of a compromise position of management for biodiversity conservation, ecosystem functioning and resilience, and human livelihoods in order to provide a viable long‐term basis for freshwater conservation. Recognition of this need will require adoption of a new paradigm for biodiversity protection and freshwater ecosystem management ‐ one that has been appropriately termed ‘reconciliation ecology’.
An experimental investigation on the switching reliability of a phase change memory device with an oxidized TiN electrode

Fluctuations (or drifts) in switching voltages such as programming set/reset voltages and threshold voltage pose serious obstacles to the reliable operation of electrical phase change memory devices. Using a phase change memory device having a GeSb2Te4 phase change material and TiN electrode, these fluctuations are demonstrated to result from device resistances varying with programming cycles. Fluctuating resistances appear to stem primarily from large contact resistances at the interface between the phase change material and the TiN electrode and from inhomogeneous phase distribution across the GeSb2Te4 layer due to unsuccessful heat confinement near the interface with TiN. Oxidation of a TiN electrode surface (via thermal annealing at 350°C under an atmospheric gas mixture of 97.9vol% N2 and 2.1vol% O2) is very effective in the reduction of fluctuations in device resistances and switching voltages hence the resulting increase in the programming cycles by two orders of magnitude. From a high resolution t.
What SWIFT has taught us about X-ray flashes and long-duration gamma-ray bursts

Recent data gathered and triggered by the SWIFT satellite have greatly improved our knowledge of long-duration gamma ray bursts (GRBs) and X-ray flashes (XRFs). This is particularly the case for the X-ray data at all times, and for UV and optical data at very early times. I show that the optical and X-ray observations are in excellent agreement with the predictions of the "cannonball" model of GRBs and XRFs. Elementary physics and just two mechanisms underlie these predictions: inverse Compton scattering and synchrotron radiation, generally dominant at early and late times, respectively. I put this result in its proper context and dedicate the paper to those who planed, built and operate SWIFT, a true flying jewel.
Intervention effects on communication skills and sensory regulation on children with ASD

ABSTRACT This article evaluates the effects of an individualized intervention for children with Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) based on the principles of the DIR/FloortimeTM model, which encourages caregivers to follow their child’s emotions and interests and to interact with them in a natural social environment to help children develop social communication skills. Twenty-five preschool children with ASD, ranging from 3 to 6 years of age, received care from an interdisciplinary team specializing in ASD intervention, which included psychologists, speech and language pathologists, and occupational therapists. The children received supportive care from these professionals based on their individual and family needs and concerns. A pre-experimental research design, pre-tests (1)- post-test (2) was given. The effects of the intervention were evaluated using the “Assessment Scale of Children with Autism Spectrum Disorder,” which was completed by the parents before and after the intervention. Children made significant changes in mean scores within the areas of “Social Communication” and “Sensory Processing. ” The results revealed that this intervention, focused on the development of relationships and interaction through play, had positive effects on the development of communication and sensory regulation with children with ASD at early ages.
Dead Via Minimization by Simultaneous Routing and Redundant Via Insertion

While via failure significantly contributes to yield loss during manufacturing, post-routing redundant via insertion method is the conventional means of reducing the via failure rate, but only alive vias can be protected. As existing dead vias still lower manufacturing yield, identifying a routing result with fewer dead vias can increase the redundant via insertion rate, subsequently enhancing the yield of chips. This work presents, for the first time, a redundant-via-aware routing system to retain redundant via resources in track assignment, in which redundant vias are inserted in detailed routing. The proposed via prediction scheme performs trial route using L-shaped patterns to estimate via positions. Meanwhile, the proposed redundant-via-aware detailed router gradually relaxes the limitation on the number of generated dead vias during path searching to minimize the number of dead vias. Experimental results indicate that the proposed redundant-via-aware routing system is, to our knowledge, the first routing system that can achieve 100% redundant via insertion rate with all MCNC benchmark circuits.
Because Hitler did it! Quantitative tests of Bayesian argumentation using ad hominem

Bayesian probability has recently been proposed as a normative theory of argumentation. In this article, we provide a Bayesian formalisation of the ad Hitlerum argument, as a special case of the ad hominem argument. Across three experiments, we demonstrate that people's evaluation of the argument is sensitive to probabilistic factors deemed relevant on a Bayesian formalisation. Moreover, we provide the first parameter-free quantitative evidence in favour of the Bayesian approach to argumentation. Quantitative Bayesian prescriptions were derived from participants' stated subjective probabilities (Experiments 1 and 2), as well as from frequency information explicitly provided in the experiment (Experiment 3). Participants' stated evaluations of the convincingness of the argument were well matched to these prescriptions.
Extending workflow-management-systems by a dialogical component

On top of a cooperative database [9] a dialog system is designed to handle indefinite (vague, imprecise) workflow situat.ions. Issue Based Information Systems (IBIS) are used as an implementation basis and are extended to explanatory dialogs allowing a debate on conclusions, premises and rules. Horizontal and vertical dimensions as well as productive and reductive directions are distinguished in an explanatory dia: log in order to schematize indefinite workflow functions. Successful explanatory dialogs are a valuable aid to process undetermined functions in a way similar to checklists or decisions tables in a conventional definite environment.
The social determinants of psychosis in migrant and ethnic minority populations: a public health tragedy

High rates of schizophrenia and other psychoses have been repeatedly found in migrant populations. However, the development of public health responses has been hindered by unfounded claims that the high rates are an artefact of misdiagnosis. Recent research implicating exposure to social adversity across the life course as the key explanation for these high rates has the potential to inform initiatives to tackle this major public health problem.
Variation in the propensity to diversify in experimental populations of Escherichia coli: consequences for adaptive radiation

Question: Does genotype regulate diversification during adaptive radiation? Hypothesis: Experimental populations initiated from different genotypes vary in their propensity to undergo analogous adaptive radiations in the same environment. Organisms: We used slow-switcher and fast-switcher genotypes (reflecting different specialized metabolic phenotypes) derived from the bacterium Escherichia coli B. Methods: In a previous evolution experiment, we observed the generation of novel, specialist genotypes (slow- and fast-switchers) evolved under adaptive radiation. We isolated these genotypes and assessed their propensity to further evolve and diversify in the same evolutionary conditions that gave rise to them. Specifically, we wished to determine whether these genotypes could recapitulate the original diversity produced during the first bout of adaptive radiation. We assessed metabolic diversification using kinetic growth profiles. Conclusions: Slow-switchers could recapitulate the original diversity, while fast-switchers never did. Thus, some genotypes appear constrained in their ability to generate mutations that would otherwise be selected during adaptive radiation. This demonstrates the importance of variational input as a regulator of diversification.
The Pseudomonas syringae Hrp regulation and secretion system controls the production and secretion of multiple extracellular proteins

Pseudomonas syringae pv. tomato DC3000 produces seven to eight major extracellular proteins (EXPs) in a minimal medium inducing hrp genes. Using a polyclonal antibody against DC3000 EXPs, we have determined that the production and secretion of five EXPs (EXP-60, EXP-45, EXP-43, EXP-22, and EXP-10) are under the control of the Hrp regulation and secretion system.
A Research on Social Anxiety Individuals' Emotion Recognition Using IEC

In this paper, we present an application of interactive evolutionary computation (IEC) to emotional recognition in psychology, and show its possibility to general mental health measurement. In our experiments, 5 high-anxiety and 4 low-anxiety subjects are requested to design a happy facial image and a fearful facial image using an IEC-based CG facial image generation system. And then, other 70 students (evaluators) evaluate their images with a 5-level scale to estimate the range of each subject’s emotional perception. Experimental results showed that the emotional perception range of high-anxiety subjects is narrower than that of low-anxiety subjects.
Establishment of Electronic Health Records in Developing Countries

need of storing the personal health records was felt by the exponential increase in the risk and hazards that can be caused due to negligence and inadequacy in management of these health records especially in developing countries where these records are maintained manually. Electronic Health Records (EHR) plays a vital role in patient care and improving the quality of health services in a region. This paper focuses on the need and applications of the EHR which would help countries like India with a vast population to grow in an environment with good public health care services and management. Thus the structure of EHR would help to achieve an advanced and new medical application to suffice the requirements for a fast, reliable and better medical infrastructure.
Latent class and finite mixture models for multilevel data sets

An extension of latent class (LC) and finite mixture models is described for the analysis of hierarchical data sets. As is typical in multilevel analysis, the dependence between lower-level units within higher-level units is dealt with by assuming that certain model parameters differ randomly across higher-level observations. One of the special cases is an LC model in which group-level differences in the logit of belonging to a particular LC are captured with continuous random effects. Other variants are obtained by including random effects in the model for the response variables rather than for the LCs. The variant that receives most attention in this article is an LC model with discrete random effects: higher-level units are clustered based on the likelihood of their members belonging to the various LCs. This yields a model with mixture distributions at two levels, namely at the group and the subject level. This model is illustrated with three rather different empirical examples. The appendix describes an adapted version of the expectation—maximization algorithm that can be used for maximum likelihood estimation, as well as providing setups for estimating the multilevel LC model with generally available software.
Perception of Guest on Green Practices-A Key Analysis to Promote Marketing in Hotel Sector

Past few decades green hotel have become one among the attributes in the selection of hotels. Guests are more concerned about their stay in a hotel with eco friendly practices. The current study guesstimates the perception of hotel guest towards the eco friendly practices in accommodation operations, and in turn its promotion in room sales in hotel sector. A structured questionnaire with three sections covering the profile of the hotel, demographic constituents of the guest, and questions revealing the perception facts of guest about the eco practices in accommodation operation is used to survey the guest staying in hotels located in and around Chennai. The analysis was performed by descriptive statistics and multivariate analysis of variance in Statistical data analysis tool (SPSS, Version 20.0). On the basis of the results, it was analysed that the guest strongly agree that the procedures and practice at accommodation operation department are oriented towards the eco-practices and suggest the hoteliers to include as a marketing tool in promoting the sales percentage.
The Impact of Hospice Care on Survival and Healthcare Costs for Patients with Lung Cancer: A National Longitudinal Population-Based Study in Taiwan

Background The healthcare costs of cancer care are highest in the last month of life. The effect of hospice care on end-of-life (EOL) healthcare costs is not clearly understood. Purpose The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of hospice care on survival and healthcare costs for lung cancer patients in their final month of life. Methods We adopted Taiwan’s National Health Insurance Research Claims Database to analyze data for 3399 adult lung cancer patients who died in 1997–2011. A logistic regression analysis was performed to determine the predictors of high healthcare cost, defined as costs falling above the 90th percentile. Patients who received hospice cares were assigned to a hospice (H) group and those who did not were assigned to a non-hospice (non-H) group. Results The patients in the H group had a longer mean (median) survival time than those in the non-H group did (1.40 ± 1.61 y (0.86) vs. 1.10 ± 1.47 (0.61), p<0.001). The non-H group had a lower mean healthcare cost than the H group (US $1,821 ± 2,441 vs. US $1,839 ± 1,638, p<0.001). And, there were a total of 340 patients (10%) with the healthcare costs exceeding the 90th percentile (US $4,721) as the cutoff value of high cost. The non-H group had a higher risk of high cost than the H group because many more cases in the non-H group had lower costs. Moreover, the risk of high health care costs were predicted for patients who did not receive hospice care (odds ratio [OR]: 3.68, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 2.44–5.79), received chemotherapy (OR: 1.51, 95% CI: 1.18–1.96) and intubation (OR: 2.63, 95% CI: 1.64–4.16), and those who had more emergency department visits (OR: 1.78, 95% CI: 1.24–2.52), longer hospital admission in days (OR: 1.08, 95% CI: 1.07–1.09), and received radiotherapy (OR: 1.33, 95% CI: 1.00–1.78). Lower risks of high health care costs were observed in patients with low socioeconomic status (OR: 0.58, 95% CI: 0.40–0.83), or previous employment (OR: 0.66, 95% CI: 0.47–0.92). After propensity-score matching, the patients of the non-H group had a higher mean cost and a higher risk of high cost. Similar results were obtained from logistic regression analysis in propensity score-matched patients. Conclusions The survival of the hospice group was longer than non-H group, and patients in the non-H group were 3.74 times more likely to have high healthcare costs at EOL. The positive predictors for high health care costs were patients who did not receive hospice care, who received chemotherapy and intubation, who had more emergency department visits and longer hospital admission, and who received radiotherapy. Negative predictors were patients who had a low socioeconomic status or previous employment. The issue of how to reduce the high health care costs for patients with lung cancer in the last month of life is a challenge for policy makers and health care providers.
Machine Translation of Labeled Discourse Connectives

This paper shows how the disambiguation of discourse connectives can improve their automatic translation, while preserving the overall performance of statistical MT as measured by BLEU. State-of-the-art automatic classifiers for rhetorical relations are used prior to MT to label discourse connectives that signal those relations. These labels are used for MT in two ways: (1) by augmenting factored translation models; and (2) by using the probability distributions of labels in order to train and tune SMT. The improvement of translation quality is demonstrated using a new semi-automated metric for discourse connectives, on the English/French WMT10 data, while BLEU scores remain comparable to non-discourse-aware systems, due to the low frequency of discourse connectives.
A systematic review describing the prognosis of chronic fatigue syndrome.

AIM To perform a systematic review of studies describing the prognosis of chronic fatigue (CF) and chronic fatigue syndrome (CFS) and to identify occupational outcomes from such studies. METHOD A literature search was used to identify all studies describing the clinical follow-up of patients following a diagnosis of CF or CFS. The prognosis is described in terms of the proportion of individuals improved during the period of follow-up. Return to work, other medical illnesses and death as outcomes are also considered, as are variables which may influence prognosis. RESULTS Twenty-eight articles met the inclusion criteria and, for the 14 studies of subjects meeting operational criteria for CFS, the median full recovery rate was 5% (range 0-31%) and the median proportion of patients who improved during follow-up was 39.5% (range 8-63%). Less fatigue severity at baseline, a sense of control over symptoms and not attributing illness to a physical cause were all associated with a good outcome. Return to work at follow-up ranged from 8 to 30% in the three studies that considered this outcome. CONCLUSIONS Full recovery from untreated CFS is rare. The prognosis for an improvement in symptoms is less gloomy. This review looks at the course of CF/CFS without systematic intervention. However, there is increasing evidence for the effectiveness of cognitive behavioural and graded exercise therapies. Medical retirement should be postponed until a trial of such treatment has been given.
Comprehensive Analysis of Gene-Environmental Interactions with Temporal Gene Expression Profiles in Pseudomonas aeruginosa

To explore gene-environment interactions, based on temporal gene expression information, we analyzed gene and treatment information intensively and inferred interaction networks accordingly. The main idea is that gene expression reflects the response of genes to environmental factors, assuming that variations of gene expression occur under different conditions. Then we classified experimental conditions into several subgroups based on the similarity of temporal gene expression profiles. This procedure is useful because it allows us to combine diverse gene expression data as they become available, and, especially, allowing us to lay the regulatory relationships on a concrete biological basis. By estimating the activation points, we can visualize the gene behavior, and obtain a consensus gene activation order, and hence describe conditional regulatory relationships. The estimation of activation points and building of synthetic genetic networks may result in important new insights in the ongoing endeavor to understand the complex network of gene regulation.