Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
‘Ah, but the whiteys love to talk about themselves’: discomfort as a pedagogy for change

This article reports on an interdisciplinary and collaborative educational module prepared for fourth‐year Psychology and Social Work students at two higher education institutions in the Western Cape, South Africa. The aim of the module was to provide students with the opportunity to experience learning across the boundaries of institution, discipline, language, race and class, and to provide the team with data to enhance understanding of how students grapple with issues of difference. The study was based on data obtained from student texts produced in response to the final reflective essay assignment. The texts provided valuable insights into how students, some of whom appeared to come into contact with peers from different socioeconomic backgrounds for the first time, grappled with themselves in relation to ‘the other’. A theoretical framework based on the notion of a ‘pedagogy of discomfort’ and the complementary relationship of recognition and distribution, was used to explicate the data. The data revealed that there are cognitive as well as affective dimensions in learning about difference. It suggested that a pedagogical intervention can enhance what students learn about difference, but that this depends on various factors: pedagogical factors, and factors pertaining to the students’ own prior experience and cultural capital. The analysis of the assignments suggested that power differentials and inequality in terms of material and cultural resources can limit the transformational character of such initiatives.
Ischemic preconditioning and brain tolerance: temporal histological and functional outcomes, protein synthesis requirement, and interleukin-1 receptor antagonist and early gene expression.

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE A short duration of ischemia (ie, ischemic preconditioning [PC]) can provide significant brain protection to subsequent ischemic events (ie, ischemic tolerance [IT]). The present series of studies was conducted to characterize the temporal pattern of a PC paradigm, to systematically evaluate the importance of protein synthesis in PC-induced IT, and to explore candidate gene expression changes associated with IT. METHODS Temporary middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) (10 minutes) was used for PC. Various periods of reperfusion (ie, 2, 6, and 12 hours and 1, 2, 7, 14, and 21 days) were allowed after PC and before permanent MCAO (PMCAO) (n=7 to 9 per group) to establish IT compared with non-PC (sham-operated) rats (n=22). Infarct size, forelimb and hindlimb motor function, and cortical perfusion (laser-Doppler flowmetry; n=9 per group) were measured after PMCAO. The effects of the protein synthesis inhibitor cycloheximide administered just before PC (n= 13 to 17) or administered long after PC but just before PMCAO (n=7 to 8) on IT were also determined. Interleukin- receptor antagonist mRNA (reverse transcriptase and polymerase chain reactions [n=20] and Northern analysis [n=50]) and protein expression (immunohistochemistry [n=16]) after PC and early response gene expression (Northern analysis [n=16]) after PMCAO in PC animals were determined. RESULTS Hemispheric infarct was significantly (P<0.01) reduced only if PC was performed 1 day (decreased 58.4%), 2 days (decreased 58.1%), or 7 days (decreased 59.4%) before PMCAO. PC significantly (P<0.01) reduced neurological deficits (similar to reductions in infarct size). Cycloheximide eliminated ischemic PC-induced IT effects on both brain injury and neurological deficits if administered before PC (P<0.05) but not if administered long after PC but before PMCAO. PC did not produce any significant brain injury, alter cortical blood flow after PMCAO, or produce contralateral cortical neuroprotection. Interleukin-1 receptor antagonist mRNA and protein expression were increased significantly (P<0.01) only during the IT period. PC rats also exhibited a significant (P<0.01) reduction in c-fos and zif268 mRNA expression after PMCAO. CONCLUSIONS PC is a powerful inducer of ischemic brain tolerance as reflected by preservation of brain tissue and motor function. PC induces IT that is dependent on de novo protein synthesis. New protein(s) that occurs at the PC brain site 1 to 7 days after PC contributes to the neuroprotection. Those proteins that are produced after the more severe PMCAO in PC animals apparently do not contribute to IT. The PC-induced IT is also associated with increased expression of the neuroprotective protein interleukin-1 receptor antagonist and a reduced postischemic expression of the early response genes c-fos and zif268. (Stroke. 1998;29:1937-1951.)
Cryptosporidium parvum vaccine candidates are incompletely modified with O-linked-N-acetylgalactosamine or contain N-terminal N-myristate and S-palmitate

Cryptosporidium parvum (studied here) and Cryptosporidium hominis are important causes of diarrhea in infants and immunosuppressed persons. C. parvum vaccine candidates, which are on the surface of sporozoites, include glycoproteins with Ser- and Thr-rich domains (Gp15, Gp40, and Gp900) and a low complexity, acidic protein (Cp23). Here we used mass spectrometry to determine that O-linked GalNAc is present in dense arrays on a glycopeptide with consecutive Ser derived from Gp40 and on glycopeptides with consecutive Thr derived from Gp20, a novel C. parvum glycoprotein with a formula weight of ~20 kDa. In contrast, the occupied Ser or Thr residues in glycopeptides from Gp15 and Gp900 are isolated from one another. Gly at the N-terminus of Cp23 is N-myristoylated, while Cys, the second amino acid, is S-palmitoylated. In summary, C. parvum O-GalNAc transferases, which are homologs of host enzymes, densely modify arrays of Ser or Thr, as well as isolated Ser and Thr residues on C. parvum vaccine candidates. The N-terminus of an immunodominant antigen has lipid modifications similar to those of host cells and other apicomplexan parasites. Mass spectrometric demonstration here of glycopeptides with O-glycans complements previous identification C. parvum O-GalNAc transferases, lectin binding to vaccine candidates, and human and mouse antibodies binding to glycopeptides. The significance of these post-translational modifications is discussed with regards to the function of these proteins and the design of serological tests and vaccines.
An Overview of the Technology Assisted Dietary Assessment Project at Purdue University

In this paper, we describe the Technology Assisted Dietary Assessment (TADA) project at Purdue University. Dietary intake, what someone eats during the course of a day, provides valuable insights for mounting intervention programs for prevention of many chronic diseases such as obesity and cancer. Accurate methods and tools to assess food and nutrient intake are essential for research on the association between diet and health. An overview of our methods used in the TADA project is presented. Our approach includes the use of image analysis tools for identification and quantification of food that is consumed at a meal. Images obtained before and after foods are eaten are used to estimate the amount and type of food consumed.
Retrospective-Cost-Based Adaptive Input and State Estimation for the Ionosphere-Thermosphere

The upper atmosphere is a strongly driven system in which the global state is rapidly altered by the solar drivers. One of the main drivers of the upper atmosphere is the solar irradiance in the extreme ultraviolet and x-ray bands. The solar irradiance in these bands is proxied by ground-based measurements of F10.7, which is the solar irradiance at the wavelength of 10.7 cm. The problem of estimating F10.7 and physical states in the upper atmosphere is considered by assimilating the neutral density measurements in the global ionosphere–thermosphere model and using retrospective-cost adaptive input and state estimation. Retrospective-cost adaptive input and state estimation is a non-Bayesian estimator that estimates the input by minimizing the difference between the estimator output and the output of the physical system. In this paper, we use retrospective-cost adaptive input and state estimation to estimate F10.7 using simulated data as well as real satellite data.
Privacy-Preserving Data Publishing: An Overview

Privacy preservation has become a major issue in many data analysis applications. When a data set is released to other parties for data analysis, privacy-preserving techniques are often required to reduce the possibility of identifying sensitive information about individuals. For example, in medical data, sensitive information can be the fact that a particular patient suffers from HIV. In spatial data, sensitive information can be a specific location of an individual. In web surfing data, the information that a user browses certain websites may be considered sensitive. Consider a dataset containing some sensitive information is to be released to the public. In order to protect sensitive information, the simplest solution is not to disclose the information. However, this would be an overkill since it will hinder the process of data analysis over the data from which we can find interesting patterns. Moreover, in some applications, the data must be disclosed under the government regulations. Alternatively, the data owner can first modify the data such that the modified data can guarantee privacy and, at the same time, the modified data retains sufficient utility and can be released to other parties safely. This process is usually called as privacy-preserving data publishing. In this monograph, we study how the data owner can modify the data and how the modified data can preserve privacy and protect sensitive information. Table of Contents: Introduction / Fundamental Concepts / One-Time Data Publishing / Multiple-Time Data Publishing / Graph Data / Other Data Types / Future Research Directions
Offensive and defensive team performance: relation to successful and unsuccessful participation in the 2010 Soccer World Cup

Delgado-Bordonau, J.L. , Domenech-Monforte, C. , Guzman, J.F. & Mendez-Villanueva, A. (2013). Offensive and defensive team performance: relation to successful and unsuccessful participation in the 2010 Soccer World Cup. J. Hum. Sport Exerc. , 8(4), pp.894-904. The present study was conducted to analyze the impact of selected offensive and defensive performance indicators in relation to teams’ success in the 2010 soccer World Cup. The sample used corresponded to 54 matches played in both the group and knockout stage. The game-related statistics gathered were: total shots, shots on goal, shots off goal, % of shots on goal from total shots, % of shots off goal from total shots, offensive and defensive effectiveness 1 (goals /total shots), and offensive and defensive effectiveness 2 (goals/shots on goal). In addition, the first’s goal influence in the match’s outcome (for the team scoring the goal: win, draw, lose) was also investigated. The results showed that, during the group stage, successful teams had better values (P <0.05) in all offensive and defensive performance indicators, with the exception of shots off goal for and shots off goal against, respectively, than unsuccessful teams. In the knockout stage, successful teams were able to maintain the same offensive performance that in the group stage while most defensive performance indicators, with the exception of shots off goal against (P=0.80), tended (P<0.2) to worsen. During the group stage, the team scoring the first goal had 66.7% of victories, 4.2% of defeats and 29.2% of draws (P<0.001). In the knockout stage, the first goal effect had a stronger influence in game’s outcome than in the group stage (P<0.01) since in 81.3% of the cases the team scoring first won the match, versus 6.3% of defeats and 12.5% of draws. Thus, offensive variables related to shots on goal and goal effectiveness appear to be better indicators of team’s success in the last World Cup than defensive variables. This information has directly implications for coaches, providing relevant feedback to plan finishing (goal scoring) practices. Key words: SOCCER, GAME-RELATED STATISTICS, SCORING EFFECTIVENESS, FIRST GOAL EFFECT, MATCH ANALYSIS.
Toxoplasmosis and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) disease.

One of the commonest opportunistic infections in patients with the acquired immuno-deficiency syndrome (AIDS), is that caused by the protozoan parasite, Toxoplasma gondii. Central nervous system involvement producing encephalitis is the commonest presentation, but the eye, lung, heart, skin, liver or gastrointestinal tract may also be affected, Luft & Remington (1992). Although primary infection with T. gondii may occur in immunosuppressed individuals often leading to disseminated disease (Murray, 1991), more than 95% of toxoplasmic encephalitis (TE) is due to recrudescence of latent infection as a result of progressive loss of cellular immune surveillance and most often occurs when the CD4 lymphocyte count is less than 01 x 10 9 /L (Dannemann el al., 1992). Cerebral toxoplas-mosis is uncommon when the CD4 lymphocyte count exceeds 0-2 x 10 9 /L (Renold et al., 1992). The central nervous system appears to be most susceptible to toxoplasma cyst reactivation compared with other tissues where cysts are found. Between 30 and 50% of HIV positive patients infected latently with T. gondii will subsequently develop toxoplasmic encephalitis (Luft & Remington, 1992), which is universally fatal in the absence of specific therapy. Such therapy is usually aimed at the tachyzoite or proliferative form of the organism. The cyst form of the parasite, the source of the infectious tachyzoites, is much more difficult to eradicate. Numerous agents have potential activity against T. gondii. Drugs interfering with folate metabolism in the tachyzoites include sulphon-amides (hydropteroate synthetase or HPS inhibitors) and the dihydrofolate reductase or DHFR inhibitors, trimethoprim and pyrimeth-amine. The latter has the greater effect on protozoa! DHFR such as malaria (Garrod, Lambert & O'Grady, 1981). Other antifolate drugs include trimetrexate, a potent inhibitor of T. gondii DHFR, piritrexin and dapsone, an HPS inhibitor. Several inhibitors of bacterial protein synthesis also possess anti-toxoplasma activity, probably through this same mechanism of action. These include clindamycin, spiramycin and newer macrolide drugs such as roxithro-mycin, clarithromycin and azithromycin. The latter has the additional advantage of activity against the cyst form of T. gondii, Interference with the parasite's ability to synthesize nucleic acids provides a third mechanism of attack. Atovaquone (566C80), an antimalarial agent, is active against both the proliferative and cyst form of T. gondii (Araujo, Huskinson & Remington, 1991). Another experimental drug in this group is arprinocid. Immunotherapy is currently the subject of much investigation. Administration of CD8 lymphocytes, interleukin 2, interferon-gamma and-beta have shown a protective effect in In …
The Physical Activity Scale for the Elderly (PASE) Questionnaire; Does It Predict Physical Health?

A lack of physical activity is common in older adults. With the increasing Canadian senior population, identifying the minimum amount of physical activity required to maintain the health of older adults is essential. This study determined whether relationships existed between the Physical Activity Scale for the Elderly (PASE) questionnaire scores and health-related measurements in community-dwelling older adults who were meal delivery volunteers. Based on observed relationships between PASE scores and health parameters, the study attempted to predict an optimal PASE score that would ensure health parameters fell in desired ranges for older adults. 297 community-dwelling older adults (61.3% female) 60–88 years (72.1 ± 6.5) completed the PASE and were measured for body composition, cardiovascular and blood parameters, flexibility, and handgrip strength. Significant regression models using PASE were produced for the health-related measures, but the relationships were not meaningful due to low predictive capacity. However, correlational data suggested that a minimum PASE score of ~140 for males and ~120 for females predicted a favorable waist circumference. In conclusion, findings demonstrated that PASE scores cannot be used to predict healthy physical measures, although the relationships between PASE and WC could be used to encourage older adults to become more physically active.
Characterization of aquatic mosquito habitat, natural enemies, and immature mosquitoes in the Artibonite Valley, Haiti

ABSTRACT This paper characterizes water body types harboring immature mosquitoes in a low-lying area of Haiti and investigates the relationship between immature Anopheles albimanus abundance and aquatic predator presence. Larval An. albimanus were found in permanent and semi-permanent groundwater habitats including (in order of greatest abundance) hoof/footprints, ditches, rice fields, and ground pools. High levels of species co-occurrence were observed in habitats. Among water bodies positive for immature Anopheles, 42.9% also contained immature Culex species. Significant association between An. albimanus abundance and the absence of fish predators was detected. Results from the multivariate negative binomial regression suggest that the interactive effect of increasing distance from the Artibonite River and elevation are positively associated with the abundance of immature An. albimanus. The presence of fish predators was not associated with the abundance of An. albimanus larvae in habitats while controlling for habitat distance and elevation. The results of this study provide baseline entomological information to inform vector control programs in the country.
DOSSIER IMAGERIE ACOUSTIQUE ET OPTIQUE DES MILIEUX BIOLOGIQUES OPTICAL AND ACOUSTICAL IMAGING OF BIOLOGICAL MEDIA Elastography

We present a concise summary of some of the fundamentals and of our work in the field of elastography over the past 12 years. This summary is not exhaustive, since several recent reviews of this area are available. We begin by presenting some relevant background material from the field of biomechanics, which forms the foundation of this work. We then proceed to discuss the basic principles and limitations that are involved in the production of strain images (elastograms) of biological tissues. Early results as well as current results from biological tissues in vitro and in vivo are shown. We conclude with some thoughts regarding the potential of elastography for medical diagnosis.  2001 Academie des sciences/Editions scientifiques et medicales Elsevier SAS elastography / ultrasound / stress / strain / imaging / elasticity / shear modulus / Young's modulus Elastographie
The role of individual interest and future goals during the first years of university studies

In this study, 28 university students from two different fields – the humanities and veterinary medicine – were interviewed. The aim was to explore the role of individual interest and future goals during the first two years of university study through retrospective interviews. The results showed that, while support from the learning environment was necessary, in most cases study had to some degree been based on individual interest. A heavy workload was found to hinder interest-based studying in veterinary medicine, whereas clear future goals helped these students to remain committed. Even though individual interest played an important role in the humanities, a lack of future goals diminished students’ commitment to their studies.
Networking solutions for connecting bluetooth low energy enabled machines to the internet of things

The next wave driving the expansion of the Internet will come from the Internet of Things. Bluetooth LE is a rapidly emerging ultra-low-power radio technology expected to be incorporated in billions of IoT devices in the next few years. Consequently, it is particularly important to specify Internet connectivity solutions for Bluetooth LE. In this article we present such solutions based on the ongoing standardization work in the IETF and Bluetooth Special Interest Group. We prove the feasibility of a complete IP-based protocol stack on constrained devices and illustrate its performance, highlighting key trade-offs. In addition, we discuss gateway operation covering global IPv6 connectivity and proxy-cache functionality.
The Press in Switzerland

autonomy, encouraging the existence of a large number of publications of local or regional character. The Swiss press is thus highly diversified and is compelled to cater for a fine gradation of needs on the part of its readers. Consequently each paper is firmly entrenched in the locality or region in which it is published. The average Swiss is primarily interested in having ’his own’ newspaper, and this can only be a local paper. If he more often than not chooses to read a second paper to supplement the local one, it is the local paper that he would give up least willingly should circumstances such as a reduction in income or
Galleria mellonella as a host model to study Aspergillus terreus virulence and amphotericin B resistance

The aim of this study was to investigate if the alternative in vivo model Galleria mellonella can be used (i) to determine differences in pathogenicity of amphotericin B (AMB) resistant and susceptible A. terreus isolates, (ii) to evaluate AMB efficacy in vivo (iii) and to correlate outcome to in vitro susceptibility data. Larvae were infected with 2 A. terreus AMB resistant (ATR) and 3 AMB susceptible (ATS) isolates and survival rates were correlated to physiological attributes and killing ability of larval haemocytes. Additionally, infected larvae were treated with different concentrations of L-AMB. Haemocyte density were ascertained to evaluate the influence of L-AMB on the larval immune cells. Larvae were sensitive to A. terreus infection in an inoculum-size and temperature dependent manner. In vitro susceptibility to L-AMB correlated with in vivo outcome of antifungal treatment, defining an AMB susceptible strain cluster of A. terreus. Susceptibility to L-AMB increased virulence potential in the larval model, but this increase was also in accordance with faster growth and less damage caused by larval haemocytes. L-AMB treatment primed the larval immune response by increasing haemocyte density. G. mellonella provides a convenient model for the in vivo screening of A. terreus virulence and treatment options, contributing to the generation of a hypothesis that can be further tested in refined experiments in mammalian models.
Effects of Individual and Marital Variables on Coping with Cancer

Cancer patients and their families must cope with multiple stresses, which are altered by the quality of their relationships. Coping research, however, has given little attention to the impact of a spouse's coping style on the effectiveness of the other spouse's coping. To examine coping as an interpersonal process, the authors assessed the psychological distress, marital cohesion, marital satisfaction, marital history, and use of several coping strategics of 22 breast cancer patients and their husbands. The husband's coping behaviors and ratings of the relationship were the best predictors of the wife's psychological distress, whereas the husband s distress depended on a combination of his own and his wife's coping behaviors. These results suggest that interpersonal variables are equal to, or more important than, individual variables in the effectiveness of coping.