Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Electriﬁcation of Bioreﬁnery Concepts for Improved Productivity—Yield, Economic and GHG Performances

: Demand for biofuels will likely increase, driven by intensifying obligations to decarbonize aviation and maritime sectors. Sustainable biomass is a ﬁnite resource, and the forest harvesting level is a topic of ongoing discussions, in relation to biodiversity preservation and the short-term role of forests as carbon sinks. State-of-the-art technologies for converting lignocellulosic feedstock into transportation biofuels achieves a carbon utilization rate ranging from 25% to 50%. Mature technologies like second-generation ethanol and gasiﬁcation-based processes tend to fall toward the lower end of this spectrum. This study explores how electriﬁcation can enhance the carbon efﬁciency of bioreﬁnery concepts and investigates its impact on energy, economics and greenhouse gas emissions. Results show that electriﬁcation increases carbon efﬁciency from 28% to 123% for gasiﬁcation processes, from 28% to 45% for second-generation ethanol, and from 50% to 65% for direct liquefaction processes. Biofuels are produced to a cost range 60–140 EUR/MWh-biofuel, depending on the chosen technology pathway, feedstock and electricity prices. Notably, production in electriﬁed bioreﬁneries proves cost-competitive when compared to pure electrofuel (E-fuels) tracks. Depending on the selected technology pathway and the extent of electriﬁcation, a reduction in GHG emissions ranging from 75% to 98% is achievable, particularly when powered by a low-carbon electricity mix.
of the

Aims —To image the vitreoretinal interface and provide further information on the pathogenesis of idiopathic macular hole formation. Methods —Prospective recruitment of 80 eyes of 41 consecutive patients referred with a diagnosis of idiopathic full thickness macular hole (FTMH) to a teaching hospital retinal clinic. Both eyes of each patientunderwentopticalcoherencetomo-graphy(OCT)imagingwithverticaland horizontal scans centred on the fovea. Results— A total of 30 eyes had stage 2 or 3 FTMHs and, of these, 21 had persistent vitreofoveal attachment and associated prefoveal opacities. 18 prefoveal opacities were identiﬁed by Goldmann contact lens examination and conﬁrmed on OCT examination. Three prefoveal opacities were identiﬁed only on OCT examination. 10 eyes had stage 4 FTMHs and four cases were identiﬁed in whom the OCT appearance was consistent with impending, aborted, or lamellar macular holes. Conclusions —The wide range in OCT appearance of macular holes and associated prefoveal opacities suggests that, in at least some cases, a signiﬁcant amount of retinal tissue is torn from the foveal area during macular hole formation. OCT imaging provides additional information on macular hole pathogenesis and is valuable in the planning of surgical intervention. ( Br J Ophthalmol 2001; 85 :1092–1097)
The Question Answering System GeoQA2

We present the geospatial question answering engine GeoQA2 which is the most recent version of the engine GeoQA, originally proposed by Punjani et al. GeoQA2 has been designed to work over the geospatial knowledge graph YAGO2geo. GeoQA2 improves GeoQA by being able to answer more complex geospatial questions (e.g., questions involving aggregates and arithmetic comparisons), having more effective individual components (e.g., for named entity recognition and disambiguation), supporting more templates for generating GeoSPARQL queries, and executing these queries more efficiently by using a technique based on ma-terializing topological relations.
Agent-Based Modelling Analysis on the Potential Economic Benefits of Mud Cake Waste to Wealth

Production of refined sugar generates a significant amount of mud cake waste which has traditionally been managed through disposal in landfills. Such practice is not sustainable and can have negative environmental impacts. While previous research has primarily focused on evaluating the environmental and economic impacts of bagasse, less attention has been given to mud cake waste. By applying the waste-to-wealth concept and promoting a circular economy, this study aims to evaluate the potential economic benefits of using mud cake waste as an alternative raw material in cement production. To assess the potential economic benefits, the study employs an agent-based modelling analysis that simulates the actions and interactions of multiple agents. The results of the analysis demonstrate the potential economic benefits of mud cake waste exchange for both sugar producers and cement manufacturers. The concept of a win-win scenario is emphasized, where both parties share an equal amount of exchange costs and reap mutual benefits in cost savings, improved resource efficiency, and reduced environmental impacts by reducing the amount of waste being disposed of to the landfill.
Professional Learning of Partner Organisations while Participating in the European FP7 Inquire Project

Recent innovations in science education - in and out of school - have focused on inquiry-based science teaching (IBST), which, done well, has been shown to support students' interest in science as well as the development of critical thinking skills. Funded by the European Union under the 7th Framework Programme Science and Society INQUIRE: Inquiry-based teacher training for a sustainable future was a collaborative 3-year project aiming for implementing IBST while connecting the formal and informal education systems and science education research communities.The INQUIRE professional development design combines Vygotsky’s constructivist approach of ‘socio-cultural learning’ and Lave and Wenger’s ideas of ‘situated learning in communities of practice and gives a practice based example that this approach has a great potential to support organisational as well as individual development. INQUIRE provides a practice based example that this approach has a great potential to support organisational as well as individual learning. Thus we suggest that evaluating project outcomes based on evidence related to community learning is an alternative and even more meaningful way for European projects to provide evidence for their success in the long run.
implica-Social Functioning in Depression: A Review

Objective: This article reviews the available data on social functioning in depression and provides clinical guidelines and opinion on this important and expanding field. Data sources: A MEDLINE search was conducted to identify all English-language articles (1988–1999) using the search terms depression and social functioning, depression and social adjustment, depression and psychosocial functioning, and social functioning and antidepressant. Further articles were obtained from the bibliographies of relevant articles. Data synthesis: Depressive disorders are frequently associated with significant and pervasive impairments in social functioning, often substantially worse than those experienced by patients with other chronic medical conditions. The enormous personal, social, and economic impact of depression, due in no small part to the associated impairments in social functioning, is often underappreciated. Both pharmacologic and psychotherapeutic approaches can improve social impairments, although there is a lack of extended, randomized controlled trials in this area
A Study on the Approach of the Structured Light Three-dimensional Measurement

In order to establish the 3D Temperature Field based on structure light 3D measurement and cross-correlation registration. Infrared/Visible camera calibration method and heterologous images registration method were studied. First, according to infrared camera’s characteristics, the selection of calibration templates have been studied and the calibration of the infrared camera has been accomplished on the basis of planar calibration method; then, we simplified the two-step method based on the mature principle of structure light measurement; and the visible camera was calibrated; finally, use calibrated visible cameras to form structured light measurement system, and register the infrared image and visible image in the geometrical position. Experimental results show that: the relative error of measurement system is less than 0.3%;infrared and visible image’s alignment error in geometrical position is 0.0015 mm. and measurement systems have good reconstruction results for plane and curved ,and cross-correlation method has a good effect for heterrologous images registration.
Identifying the Most Appropriate Order for Categorical Responses

Categorical responses arise naturally within various scientific disciplines. In many circumstances, there is no predetermined order for the response categories, and the response has to be modeled as nominal. In this study, we regard the order of response categories as part of the statistical model, and show that the true order, when it exists, can be selected using likelihood-based model selection criteria. For predictive purposes, a statistical model with a chosen order may outperform models based on nominal responses, even if a true order does not exist. For multinomial logistic models, widely used for categorical responses, we show the existence of theoretically equivalent orders that cannot be differentiated based on likelihood criteria, and determine the connections between their maximum likelihood estimators. We use simulation studies and a real-data analysis to confirm the need and benefits of choosing the most appropriate order for categorical responses.
Spatial-temporal Model with Heterogeneous Random Effects

This supplementary material includes a residual-based bootstrapping procedure for the QMLE together with its asymptotic validity, and provides additional simulation results on the finite-sample performance of the WCQE and WQAE. It also includes the detailed forms of the matrices Σ N , Σ ⋆N , Ω − 1 NT ( β ⋆ ) in Section 3 and the vector Y − 1 , as well as technical details for Theorems 1–6 and Propositions 1–2. Moreover, Lemmas 1–10 are introduced to establish Theorems 1–6. Throughout the appendix, ⊗ denotes the Kronecker product of two matrices, | · | denotes the absolute value of a scalar/vector or the determinant of a matrix, ∥ · ∥ denotes the Euclidean norm of a vector, and tr ( · ) denotes the trace of a matrix. Denote N and T as the total numbers of spatial units and time periods, respectively. Define I ( · ) as the indicator function. For a positive integer m , denote I m as an m × m identity matrix, 0 m as an m × 1 vector of zeros and ι m as an m × 1 vector of ones, and let J m ≡ ι m ι ′ m . For an n × m matrix A, denote A = [ a ij ] , where a ij is the i th row and j th column element of A . The operator E denotes the expectation with respect to the probability measure, E n denotes the expectation with respect to the empirical measure, and G n = √ n ( E n − E ) . In addition, ℓ ∞ ( T ) denotes the space of all uniformly bounded functions on T . Moreover, → p denotes convergence in probability, → d denotes convergence in distribution, and ⇝ denotes weak convergence.
Progress in Oceanography

This paper briefly reviews coral–algal phase shifts on coral reefs, with particular regard to summarizing the exogenous and endogenous factors in support of a proposed conceptual model, and to identifying critical information gaps. A phase shift occurs on a coral reef when the cover of a substrate by scleractinian corals is reduced in favor of macroalgal dominance, and resilience of the former condition is retarded because of ecological processes and/or environmental conditions. The change is often, but not always, associated with a perturbation such as coral bleaching, outbreaks of a coral-eating species, or storm damage. The new state is generally associated with some combination of reduced herbivory (from disease and/or fishing) and nutrient enrichment, although the relative importance of these factors is under debate and may vary among locations and even across single reefs. Disturbances that result in a state of generally low biotic three-dimensional structural complexity often precede a phase shift. Following such a disturbance, the system will pass to a state of higher biotic structural complexity, with either macroalgae or coral dominating. As the community progresses towards larger and more three-dimensionally complex corals or macroalgae, it exhibits greater resistance to shifting dominance from one state to the other. Studies of the phase-shift phenomena have been generally conducted at scales that are small relative to the sizes and inherent variability of whole coral reefs and systems of reefs. There is an urgent need for studies aimed at quantifying and simulating cause and effect aspects of the phase shift, including human–environment coupling, particularly in support of coral reef decision-making. 2004 Published by Elsevier Ltd.
Vertical Ground Deformation Associated with the Volcanic Activity of Sakurajima Volcano, Japan during 1996-2010 as Revealed by Repeated Precise Leveling Surveys(＜Special Section＞Sakurajima Special Issue)

Ishihara, K. (1981) A quantitative relation between the ground deformation and the volcanic material ejected. Abstract, 1981 IAVCEI Symposium –Arc Volcanism–, 143. Kamo, K. (1978) Some phenomena before the summit eruptions at Sakura-zima vocano. Bull. Volcanol. Soc. Japan. , 23, 53-64 (in Japanese with English abstract). Lu, Z. , Dzurisin D. , Biggs J., Wicks Jr. C. and McNutt, S. (2010) Ground surface deformation patterns, magma supply, and magma storages at Okmok volcano, Alaska, from InSAR analysis: 1. Interpretation deformation, 1997-2008. J. Geophy. Res., 115, B00B02, doi: 10.1029/2009JB006969. Mogi, K. (1958) Relations between the eruption of various Keigo YAMAMOTO, Tadaomi SONODA, Tetsuro TAKAYAMA, Nobuo ICHIKAWA, Takahiro OHKURA, Shin YOSHIKAWA, Hiroyuki INOUE, Takeshi MATSUSHIMA, Kazunari UCHIDA and Manami NAKAMOTO 150
International Review of Research in Open and Distributed Learning The PERLA Framework: Blending Personalization and Learning Analytics

Personalization is crucial for achieving smart learning environments in different lifelong learning contexts. There is a need to shift from one-size-fits-all systems to personalized learning environments that give control to the learners. Recently, learning analytics (LA) is opening up new opportunities for promoting personalization by providing insights and understanding into how learners learn and supporting customized learning experiences that meet their goals and needs. This paper discusses the Personalization and
International Review of Research in Open and Distributed Learning Trends and Patterns in Distance Education (2014–2019): A Synthesis of Scholarly Publications and a Visualization of the Intellectual Landscape

The field of distance education (DE) is dynamic and constantly evolving; it reflects and adapts according to changes in socio-cultural, demographic, political, and technological domains. Thus, there is a need to understand past and present activities in the field, in order to better inform future research. The main purpose of this study was to examine DE research through data mining and analytics approaches, using social network analysis (SNA) and text mining to conduct a bibliographic analysis. The findings highlighted three main strands of DE research: (a) issues related to open education; (b) the design, support, and quality assurance of online DE; and (c) the implementation and use of educational technology, media, and digital tools. SNA of the bibliometric data identified pivotal theoretical contributions, including that the fields of distance education and educational technology converge. The article concludes with recommendations for future research directions.
International Review of Research in Open and Distributed Learning Frugal MOOCs An Adaptable Contextualized Approach to MOOC Designs for Refugees

There is a growing body of literature that recognizes the role Massive Open Online Courses (MOOCs) can play in improving access to education globally, and particularly to thousands of people in developing and developed countries. There is increasing concern, however, that the millions of displaced refugee learners throughout Europe, the Middle East, and other regions are still disadvantaged when it comes to engaging in learning through MOOCs. The reasons for this disadvantage range from a lack of appropriate infrastructure or other supporting structures, to a lack of contextualized content. So far, little attention has been paid to contextualized MOOC models, which may both impact policies and be adapted to the specific needs of these learners who often do not have the means to access many education opportunities. Therefore, the purpose of this paper is to propose a frugally-engineered MOOC model that addresses the barriers of access and participation for refugees. This paper engages in an exploratory research methodology, using findings from the literature and expert opinions gathered through interviews. These findings lead to the development of what the authors call a Frugal MOOC Model which can be contextualized to meet the needs of refugee learners. The paper goes on to highlight the development of the Frugal MOOC Model as the first phase of an ongoing study. It concludes with recommendations for the next phase of the study: how to implement the newly developed model.
The Adjoint State Method for the Viscoelastic Wave Equation in the Velocity-stress Formulation

Viscous attenuation can have a strong impact on seismic wave propagation, but is rarely taken into account in full waveform inversion (FWI). In the time domain, when viscoelasticity is considered, the displacement formulation of the wave equation is usually used. However, the adjoint state equations are quite different for the velocity-stress formulation than for the displacement formulation. In this paper, we derive the adjoint state equations for the viscoelastic wave equation based on the velocity-stress formulation. Using a modified definition of the memory variables commonly found in the literature, we define a Lagrangian from which the adjoint state equations and the misfit gradient are derived. The resulting expressions are similar to the displacement formulation, but differ by the source term and by the wavefield cross-correlations giving the misfit gradient. To validate our results, the misfit gradient obtained by the adjoint state method is compared to the misfit gradient calculated by finite-difference for a simplified problem, giving an excellent agreement. In short, this work gives the right adjoint state equations for the velocity-stress formulation, which is commonly used for time-domain viscoelastic modeling. Further studies are required to evaluate the performance of this approach in real FWI viscoelastic experiments.
Modelling the two-phase plume dynamics of CO2 leakage into open shallow waters

i DEDICATION . ii ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS . iii TABLE OF CONTENTS . v LIST OF TABLES . xi LIST OF FIGURES . xii NOMENCLATURE . xx Scales and Units . xx Length . xx Mass . xx Time . xx Pressure . xx Temperature . xx Energy . xx Angle . xxi Fluids and Measures of Fluids . xxi Subscripts . xxi Abbreviations . xxii Scientific Terms . xxiii Non-Dimensional Numbers . xxv LIST OF PUBLICATIONS BY THE CANDIDATE . xxvi Journal Articles . xxvi Reports . xxvii Chapter 1 – Introduction . 1 1.1 Perspective . 1
International Review of Research in Open and Distributed Learning Sense of Community in a Blended Technology Integration Course: A Design-Based Research Study

This design-based research study explored whether sense of community was maintained while flexibility in the course was increased through an adoption of a unique blended learning model. Data collected in this study show a significant drop in the sense of connectedness score from a mean of 50.8 out of 66 to a mean of 39.68 in the first iteration. The score then began to gradually increase, reaching 50.65 in the third iteration. Results indicate that transitioning to a blended learning environment may be a suitable option to increase flexibility while maintaining a sense of community in a project-based course. Future research into specific aspects of course design such as maturity of design, age-level of participants, and context would further develop understanding in this area.
Lagrangian Kinematic Criterion for the Breaking of Shoaling Waves

AbstractAn experimental study was conducted with the aim of validating the Lagrangian kinematic criterion (LKC) for the case of breaking of shoaling waves. Monochromatic wave trains were generated in a large wave flume and allowed to shoal and break naturally on an artificial inclination changeable shore, thus allowing inspection of a range of slopes. Instantaneous horizontal Lagrangian water surface velocity was measured by particle tracking velocimetry and compared to the instantaneous propagation speed of the crest on a verge of breaking, the latter calculated using time series produced by resistance-type wave gauges staged along the flume. The inception of a breaker was found to occur when the monotonically increasing horizontal water velocity on the crest, during the process of steepening, approached that of the slowing steep crest, thus confirming the LKC for shoaling conditions. In addition, an objective method of breaking detection was developed utilizing the phase–time method and wavelet analysis.
International Review of Research in Open and Distributed Learning Critical Factors of the Adoption of e-Textbooks: A Comparison Between Experienced and Inexperienced Users

if they positively influence students’ learning and performance. Prior studies on the acceptance of e-textbooks were mainly based on one theoretical perspective, and did not differentiate samples between experienced and inexperienced users. From a social-and task-related view, this study aims to identify the critical factors that stimulate acceptance intentions of e-textbooks among tertiary students, particularly between experienced and inexperienced users. Based on 912 questionnaires, this study found that performance expectancy, perceived enjoyment, and perceived task-technology fit are the factors affecting students’ behavioral intention for acceptance in both sampling groups. However, social impact only has significant influence on acceptance intention of inexperienced users. Also, gender has a moderating effect on the relationship of performance expectancy and behavioral intention of inexperienced users only. This study provides useful implications for marketing e-textbooks, and fills the literature gap.
3D visibility analysis as a tool to validate ancient theatre reconstructions: the case of the large Roman theatre of Gortyn

With the diffusion of Virtual Archaeology, many projects in the field of Cultural Heritage attempt to virtually reconstruct historical buildings of different types. Unfortunately, some of these 3D reconstructions still have as principal aim to impress the external users, while the correct interpretation of the buildings modeled is much more important in the domain of archaeological research. Still more critical is the situation when we have to encounter a reconstruction of a monument which is not visible anymore, or which consists only of few architectural remains. The main purpose of this paper is to introduce an innovative methodology to verify hypothetical scenarios of 3D architectural reconstructions, specifically for ancient theatres. In very recent time 3D visibility analysis applied to archaeological context using ArcGIS has been developed, in particular about social-urban studies. In this paper, visibility analysis in 3D contexts is used as an additional instrument to correctly reconstruct architectural elements of the large Roman theatre of Gortyn, in Crete. The results indicate that the level of visibility of the stage, and consequently of the presumed actors, from some of the more representative sectors of the cavea, is of crucial importance for leading to a right reconstruction model of the theatre.