Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Optimizing Invasive Neonatal Respiratory Care: A Systematic Review of Invasive Neurally Adjusted Ventilatory Assist

Background: Mechanical ventilation in preterm neonates aims for synchrony, preventing complications such as lung injury. Neurally Adjusted Ventilatory Assist (NAVA) is a unique mode relying on diaphragmatic electrical signals for synchronization. We conducted a review focusing on the long-term consequences of using invasive NAVA in neonates with a focus on bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD). Methods: A systematic review following PRISMA explored invasive NAVA in preterm neonates. Primary objectives compared NAVA to conventional ventilation, assessing BPD incidence, ventilation duration, length of stay, and adverse events. Secondary objectives analyzed ventilator parameters. Results: After screening 282 records, the review incorporated two randomized controlled trials for primary outcomes and seven trials for secondary outcomes, including two randomized crossovers, four prospective crossovers, and one retrospective study. NAVA showed reduced oxygen requirement at 28 days but no significant differences in oxygen need at 36 weeks postmenstrual age, total length of stay, or ventilator days. Substantial variations were not observed in adverse events. Ventilator variables favored NAVA, indicating decreased peak inspiratory pressure, tidal volume, work of breathing, and respiratory severity score. Conclusion: Our study found no significant reduction in BPD with NAVA despite short-term benefits. Future large-scale trials are essential to assess NAVA’s impact on long-term outcomes comprehensively.
Information as causality: An approach to a general theory of information

Although various approaches have been proposed throughout history, information, as one of the most fundamental elements in the world, does not have a general definition or theory that is acceptable to all disciplines. The biggest challenge is the unification of objective and subjective views, because they represent very different characteristics of information which are difficult to integrate into a single framework. We argue that the key to bridging the gap between objective and subjective views of information is a proper understanding of intelligence, because it gives rise to subjective experiences and assigns meaning to things. The purpose of this research is to explore possibilities and implications of applying neuroscience theory in the discussion of information. By incorporating the memory–prediction framework of intelligence developed by Jeff Hawkins, we propose causality to be the general definition of information, and the combination of ‘Physical Representations of Mental Patterns’ and ‘Physical Representations of Physical Patterns’ to be the restricted definition in social contexts. With both general and restricted definitions clarified, we then discuss a few cases of information use and the implications of our approach.
Under Consideration for Publication in Theory and Practice of Logic Programming Probabilistic Reasoning with Answer Sets

While reasoning with probabilities one often needs to take into account the knowledge about the domain. The standard proba-bilistic approaches, such as Bayes nets, do not allow the explicit specification of such knowledge. This often leads to mistakes in the probability calculation. In this paper we propose to use logic programming with answer set semantics (Answer set Prolog) as the language to express the domain knowledge and present a deeper integration of probability and logic programming. We develop a declarative language P-log that combines both logical and probabilistic arguments in its reasoning. We give several non-trivial examples and illustrate the use of P-log for knowledge representation and updating of knowledge. We argue that our approach to updates is more appealing than existing approaches. We give sufficiency conditions for the consistency of P-log programs and show that Bayes nets can be easily mapped to consistent P-log programs.
THE ROLE OF ACADEMIC MOTIVATION IN PREVENTING STUDENTS' ACADEMIC PROCRASTINATION DURING ONLINE LEARNING AMID THE COVID-19 PANDEMIC

Academic procrastination is a severe problem students faced during online learning amid the Covid-19 pandemic. One of the predictors that can reduce academic procrastination is increasing academic motivation. This research aimed to determine how academic motivation could affect students' academic procrastination during online learning amid the Covid-19 pandemic. A total of 619 students participated in this research. The Yockey Academic Procrastination Short Scale (APS-S) and Vallerand's Academic Motivation Scale (AMS) were used to measure procrastination and motivation, respectively. Academic motivation and academic procrastination were analyzed using multiple regression analysis. The results showed that academic motivation consisting of intrinsic, extrinsic, and amotivation influenced 15.6% of academic procrastination behavior. Intrinsic motivation and amotivation had a significant effect on academic procrastination. Procrastination tended to be done by men. Meanwhile, women's intrinsic motivation tended to be higher than men's, with higher extrinsic motivation in academics.
Extrathymic development of V alpha 14-positive T cells

It is known that rearrangement of the T cell antigen receptor (TCR) gene occurs in the thymus during T cell development and consequently results both in the deletion of DNA between the variable (V) and diversity/joining segments and in the formation of a circular DNA with recombination signal sequences. Here, we provide evidence that V alpha 14+ TCR gene rearrangements take place in extrathymic sites, such as bone marrow, liver, and intestine, but not in spleen, because we were able to detect frequent productive and nonproductive V alpha 14+ coding and signal sequences as a result of TCR rearrangements in extrathymic sites. Similar findings were also detected in athymic mice. Quantitative analysis shows that the relative amounts of V alpha 14 gene-mediated signal sequences in extrathymic tissues are higher than those in thymus. On the contrary, TCR rearrangements of V alpha 1.1 T cells, which are known to develop in the thymus, were mainly detected in the thymus, Peyer's patch, and spleen, but not in other extrathymic tissues, showing patterns distinct from V alpha 14 TCR rearrangements. These findings are evidence of extrathymic development of V alpha 14+ T cells. Differential characteristic TCR rearrangement patterns also indicate that distinct TCR repertoires are generated in different lymphoid tissues.
Topographic Electrophysiological Signatures of fMRI Resting State Networks

Background fMRI Resting State Networks (RSNs) have gained importance in the present fMRI literature. Although their functional role is unquestioned and their physiological origin is nowadays widely accepted, little is known about their relationship to neuronal activity. The combined recording of EEG and fMRI allows the temporal correlation between fluctuations of the RSNs and the dynamics of EEG spectral amplitudes. So far, only relationships between several EEG frequency bands and some RSNs could be demonstrated, but no study accounted for the spatial distribution of frequency domain EEG. Methodology/Principal Findings In the present study we report on the topographic association of EEG spectral fluctuations and RSN dynamics using EEG covariance mapping. All RSNs displayed significant covariance maps across a broad EEG frequency range. Cluster analysis of the found covariance maps revealed the common standard EEG frequency bands. We found significant differences between covariance maps of the different RSNs and these differences depended on the frequency band. Conclusions/Significance Our data supports the physiological and neuronal origin of the RSNs and substantiates the assumption that the standard EEG frequency bands and their topographies can be seen as electrophysiological signatures of underlying distributed neuronal networks.
Barriers to cervical cancer screening in Mulanje, Malawi: a qualitative study

Background: In Malawi, cervical cancer is the most prevalent form of cancer among women, with an 80% mortality rate. The Mulanje Mission Hospital has offered free cervical cancer screening for eight years; however, patients primarily seek medical help for gynecologic complaints after the disease is inoperable. Methods: We investigated how women in rural Malawi make health-seeking decisions regarding cervical cancer screening using qualitative research methods. The study was conducted between May and August of 2009 in Mulanje, Malawi. Results: This study found that the primary cue to action for cervical cancer screening was symptoms of cervical cancer. Major barriers to seeking preventative screening included low knowledge levels, low perceived susceptibility and low perceived benefits from the service. Study participants did not view cervical cancer screening as critical health care. Interviews suggested that use of the service could increase if women are recruited while visiting the hospital for a different service. Conclusion: This study recommends that health care providers and health educators target aspects of perceived susceptibility among their patients, including knowledge levels and personal risk assessment. We believe that continued support and advertisement of cervical cancer screening programs along with innovative recruitment strategies will increase usage density and decrease unnecessary deaths from cervical cancer in Malawi.
Robust Synchronization of Multiple Memristive Neural Networks With Uncertain Parameters via Nonlinear Coupling

This paper is concerned with the global robust synchronization of multiple memristive neural networks (MMNNs) with nonidentical uncertain parameters. A coupling scheme is introduced, in a general topological structure described by a direct or undirect graph, with a linear diffusive term and a discontinuous sign term. First, a set of sufficient conditions are derived based on the Lyapunov stability theory for ascertaining global robust synchronization of coupled MMNNs. Second, a pinning adaptive coupling method is proposed to ensure global synchronization without knowing the bound of parameter uncertainties. Two illustrative examples are discussed to substantiate the theoretical results.
Balanced Networks of Spiking Neurons with Spatially Dependent Recurrent Connections

Networks of model neurons with balanced recurrent excitation and inhibition produce irregular and asynchronous spiking activity. We extend the analysis of balanced networks to include the known dependence of connection probability on the spatial separation between neurons. In the continuum limit we derive that stable, balanced firing rate solutions require that the spatial spread of external inputs be broader than that of recurrent excitation, which in turn must be broader than or equal to that of recurrent inhibition. For finite size networks we investigate the pattern forming dynamics arising when balanced conditions are not satisfied. The spatiotemporal dynamics of balanced networks offer new challenges in the statistical mechanics of complex systems.
Yacon (Smallanthus sonchifolius) as a Food Supplement: Health-Promoting Benefits of Fructooligosaccharides

Yacon (Smallanthus sonchifolius), a perennial plant of the family Asteraceae native to the Andean regions of South America, is an abundant source of fructooligosaccharides (FOS). This comprehensive review of the literature addressed the role of yacon supplementation in promoting health and reducing the risk of chronic diseases. According to several preclinical and clinical trials, FOS intake favors the growth of health-promoting bacteria while reducing pathogenic bacteria populations. Moreover, the endproducts of FOS fermentation by the intestinal microbiota, short chain fatty acids (SCFA), act as substrates or signaling molecules in the regulation of the immune response, glucose homeostasis and lipid metabolism. As a result, glycemic levels, body weight and colon cancer risk can be reduced. Based on these findings, most studies reviewed concluded that due to their functional properties, yacon roots may be effectively used as a dietary supplement to prevent and treat chronic diseases.
Dynamic Load Balancing in Cloud Computing: A Review and a Novel Approach

In cloud computing, load balancing is essential since it guarantees effective resource utilisation and reduces response times. It effectively distributes incoming workload across available servers. Load balancing involves dividing tasks among multiple systems or resources over the internet. By distributing traffic and workloads, load balancing ensures that no server or computer is overloaded, underutilized, or idle in a cloud computing environment. To enhance overall performance in the cloud, it optimises a number of variables, including execution time, response time, and system stability. To increase the effectiveness and reliability of cloud services, load balancing evenly distributes traffic, workloads, and computing resources across the environment. The proposed method, Enhanced Dynamic Load Balancing for Cloud Computing, adjusts load distribution and maintains a balanced system by considering variables like server capacity, workload distribution, and system load. By incorporating these factors and employing adaptive threshold adjustment, this approach optimizes resource allocation and enhances system performance. Experimental research shows that the proposed new novel approach is more effective and efficient than current load balancing techniques. In this context of cloud computing, this ground-breaking method offers a workable substitute for dynamic load balancing.
Quality in preschools through systematic quality work – a principal’s perspective

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to explore existing and desired methodologies for systematic quality work to promote quality in preschools from the principal’s perspective. Design/methodology/approach A collaborative approach was used in this research project, and principals were asked to complete portfolio assignments. Their answers to those portfolio assignments were analysed by the research team and subsequently compared to total quality management values. Findings Existing and desired methodologies for systematic quality work are presented and sorted into 13 and 17 groups, respectively. The principals desire four times more methodologies than they are presently using to promote systematic quality work, and the results show that they must extend their methodologies to support TQM values. Research limitations/implications This research is based on answers collected from 18 principals in one municipality in Sweden. Practical implications The use of the cornerstone model provides a framework to illustrate the application of TQM in preschools. Originality/value Principals struggle to find time for systemic quality work. The presented results can be used to work systematically with quality in preschools and other organizations.
MSRA atT TRECVID 2008: High-Level Feature Extraction and Automatic Search

This paper describes the MSRA experiments for TRECVID 2008. We performed the experiments in high-level feature extraction and automatic search tasks. For high-level feature extraction, we representatively investigated the benefit of global and local low-level features by a variety of learning-based methods, including supervised and semi-supervised learning algorithms. For automatic search, we focused on text and visual baseline, query-independent learning, and various reranking methods.
CONTEMPORARY CHALLENGES IN AUTOIMMUNITY IL-10 Production by B Cells Expressing CD5 with the Alternative Exon 1B

B lymphocytes are divided into two subpopulations, B1 and B2 cells based on expression of the T cell-associated protein CD5. Natural B1 cells are further divided into B1a cells that express CD5 on their membrane and B1b cells that do not but share most other biological characteristics of B1a cells. Recent studies from our laboratory have revealed, in humans, the existence of two alternative isoforms of the CD5 protein. A cell surface CD5 isoform which uses exon 1A (E1A) of the gene in B1a cells, and an intracellular isoform which uses exon 1B (E1B) mainly in human B1b cells. Indeed, the protein isoform encoded by transcripts containing E1B lack the leader peptide and is, thus, retained in the cytoplasm of B cells. The restriction of interleukin (IL)-10 to B1 lymphocytes in the mouse raises the possibility that the human CD5-E1B-expressing B cells produce IL10. This prediction was confirmed in the CD5 negative Jok-1 B cells transfected with cDNA for either isoforms resulted in high level IL-10 production. Our data indicate that E1B-CD5-expressing B cells have the capacity to interfere with the immune response through their ability to produce high levels of IL-10.
Characterization and Genome Organization of a Repetitive Element Associated with the Nucleolus Organizer Region in Leporinuselongatus (Anostomidae: Characiformes)

Chromosome mapping and studies of the genomic organization of repetitive DNA sequences provide valuable insights that enhance our evolutionary and structural understanding of these sequences, as well as identifying chromosomal rearrangements and sex determination. This study investigated the occurrence and organization of repetitive DNA sequences in Leporinus elongatus using restriction enzyme digestion and the mapping of sequences by chromosomal fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH). A 378-bp fragment with a 54.2% GC content was isolated after digestion with the SmaI restriction enzyme. BLASTN search found no similarity with previously described sequences, so this repetitive sequence was named LeSmaI. FISH experiments were conducted using L. elongatus and other Anostomidae species, i.e. L. macrocephalus,L. obtusidens, L. striatus, L. lacustris, L. friderici, Schizodon borellii, S. isognathus, and Abramites hypselonotus which detected signals that were unique to male and female L. elongatus individuals. Double-FISH using LeSmaI and 18S rDNA showed that LeSmaI was located in a nucleolus organizer region (NOR) in the male and female metaphases of L. elongatus. This report also discusses the role of repetitive DNA associated with NORs in the diversification of Anostomidae species karyotypes.
Violent Video Recognition by Using Sequential Image Collage

Identifying violent activities is important for ensuring the safety of society. Although the Transformer model contributes significantly to the field of behavior recognition, it often requires a substantial volume of data to perform well. Since existing datasets on violent behavior are currently lacking, it will be a challenge for Transformers to identify violent behavior with insufficient datasets. Additionally, Transformers are known to be computationally heavy and can sometimes overlook temporal features. To overcome these issues, an architecture named MLP-Mixer can be used to achieve comparable results with a smaller dataset. In this research, a special type of dataset to be fed into the MLP-Mixer called a sequential image collage (SIC) is proposed. This dataset is created by aggregating frames of video clips into image collages sequentially for the model to better understand the temporal features of violent behavior in videos. Three different public datasets, namely, the dataset of National Hockey League hockey fights, the dataset of smart-city CCTV violence detection, and the dataset of real-life violence situations were used to train the model. The results of the experiments proved that the model trained using the proposed SIC is capable of achieving high performance in violent behavior recognition with fewer parameters and FLOPs needed compared to other state-of-the-art models.
Isolation and Characterization of an Antigen of the Bovine C-type Virus1

by the immunodiffusion test was found to be the same as that detected by the IFA technique (5). Previous studies also showed that disruption of the virus is necessary for release of the antigen, suggesting that the antigen is an internal virion component (3, 6). The resistance of the BLV antigen to ether and acetone, and its presence in the cytoplasm of infected cells, are features which also characterize the gs antigen of the major internal proteins of the other known Ctype viruses (11, 16, 17). On the other hand, no immunobogi cal relationships between the BLV antigen and the gs anti gens of other leukemia viruses could be demonstrated (3, 6). Subsequent investigations were concerned with the isola tion, purification, and further characterization of the inter nal BLV antigen. Similar studies in other C-type virus sys tems were facilitated by the availability of large amounts of purified virus. However, at the time these studies were initi ated, our sources of BLV were limited to lymphoid cultures (short-term cultures of bovine BC cells and New Bolton Center cell lines) in which most virus particles are associ ated with cell membranes. This made it extremely difficult to obtain the amounts of purified virus required to extract enough antigen for characterization. Consequently, we de cided to investigate the possibility of isolating and purifying the antigen from BLV-infected cells that contain free anti gen in the cytoplasm and that usually have numerous virus particles attached to the cell membrane. Using G-100 Seph adex chromatography and isoelectric focusing, it was pos sible to obtain a good yield of antigen in a highly purified form from extracts of such BLV-infected cells. The antigen is present on an internal BLV protein with a molecular weight and isoelectric point similar to that of the major internal proteins of other mammalian leukemia viruses. Im munodiffusion studies showed that the BLV antigen is im munologically unrelated to the antigens of MuLV, FeLV, the foamy-like BSV (20), and the MPMV. A preliminary report of some of these findings has been presented elsewhere (22).
Leukocyte-specific phosphoprotein-1 and PU.1: two useful markers for distinguishing T-cell-rich B-cell lymphoma from lymphocyte-predominant Hodgkin's disease.

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES T-cell-rich B-cell lymphoma is a rare variant of diffuse large B-cell lymphoma. It shows morphologic, phenotypic and molecular similarities to lymphocyte predominant Hodgkin's disease, and in consequence the two diseases may sometimes be difficult to distinguish. In this paper, we have evaluated the usefulness of the pan-leukocyte marker LSP1 and the transcription factor PU.1 for resolving such diagnostic problems. DESIGN AND METHODS Immunohistochemical techniques were used to investigate the expression of LSP1 and PU.1 in 34 tumors, comprising typical examples of T-cell-rich B-cell lymphoma (15 cases), lymphocyte-predominant Hodgkin's disease (13 cases), and lymphocyte-rich classical Hodgkin's disease (6 cases). RESULTS The neoplastic cells of T-cell-rich B-cell lymphoma were LSP1-positive and PU.1-negative, whereas the lymphocytic and/or histiocytic (L&H) cells of lymphocyte-predominant Hodgkin's disease were mostly LSP1-negative, with variable PU.1 expression. The two markers did not discriminate between T-cell-rich B-cell lymphoma and lymphocyte-rich classical Hodgkin's disease, whilst they concurred to the distinction between lymphocyte-predominant and lymphocyte-rich classical Hodgkin's disease by integrating the already available tools. INTERPRETATION AND CONCLUSIONS Antibodies to LSP1 and PU.1 may represent useful reagents for the differential diagnosis between T-cell-rich B-cell lymphoma and lymphocyte-predominant Hodgkin's disease.