Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The Inflammatory Mechanisms of Allograft Rejection

If one wishes to describe the rejection process in biologicai terms, it may be divided into the following, largely overlapping components: (a) induction of rejection, i.e., how does the alien graft induce the antiallograft immune response, (b) the immune response towards the graft, and (c) the inflammatory response of rejection and regulation of the inflammation by the immune response. Finally one should consider (d) the effector mechanisms in situ, i.e., how do the inflammatory cells, together with the antibody, destroy the graft.
I Co-Scheduling in Lambda Grid Systems by using of Ant Colony Optimization

Grid networks provide users with a transparent way to access computational and storage resources. The creation of high performance Communication capabilities in multiple organizations and their interconnection in to a high speed fiber communications mesh have been described as Lambda Grid. We propose a modified ACO-based algorithm which can provided on-demand and dynamically light paths on a grid system. Indeed, the proposed algorithm can schedule jobs by discovering processing and network resources on the grid, assigning the job to a specific system and executing the job. We also propose a coscheduling lambda grid system for job routing in optical grid networks, based on the concept of ant colony optimization, which studies the behavior of ants for gathering food and the routing of packets inside a network. Simulated results show an increased performance of our algorithms over more classical co-scheduling protocols, even though this is accompanied by a slight increase in
Observations and models of H-deficient planetary nebulae

The number of planetary nebulae which display strong (or complete) depletion of hydrogen is small. This little group is nevertheless very important for the link it establishes to the other highly-evolved, H-deecient stars, and for the samples it provides of highly processed material. This review will emphasize recent WFPC2 imaging and spec-troscopy of A30, A78, IRAS 15154-5258 and IRAS 18333-2357. Imaging shows that the inner morphologies of A30 and A78 are strikingly similar, with a clear axial symmetry. IRAS 15154-5258 is seen to be a younger object, where the H-deecient bubble within the H-rich envelope has not yet excavated such a large cavity. IRAS 18333-2357 seems anomalous, but this may only be due to its interaction with the interstellar medium. One of the common characteristics of the H-deecient PNe is their extremely high dust to gas ratio: they all exhibit an anomalous thermal IR luminosity in comparison to their line emission. Modeling such dust-rich gas presents unique problems, as the heating may be controlled by the poorly-known grain photoelectron yields, rather than the more familiar atomic photoionization.
Functional Composition of Sensor Web APIs

Web apis are becoming an increasingly popular alternative to the more heavy-weight Web services. Recently, they also have been used in the context of sensor networks. However, making different Web apis (and thus sensors) cooperate often requires a significant amount of manual configuration. Ideally, we want Web apis to behave like Linked Data, where data from different sources can be combined in a straight forward way. Therefore, in this paper, we show how Web apis, semantically described by the light-weight format restdesc, can be composed automatically based on their functionality. Moreover, the composition process does not require specific tools, as compositions are created by generic Semantic Web reasoners as part of a proof. We then indicate how the composition in this proof can be executed. We describe our architecture and implementation, and validate that proof-based composition is a feasible strategy on a Web scale. Our measurements indicate that current reasoners can integrate compositions of more than 200 Web apis in under one second. This makes proof-based composition a practical choice for today's Web apis.
Adjustable context adaptations for user interfaces at runtime

The definition of different variants of a user interface at design time does not seem to be flexible enough to address future needs. Context sensitivity, user preferences and unforeseen situations require new means for automatic adaptation at runtime and mechanisms for user interventions within these adaptations. In our work we aim at the utilization of models at runtime to create user interfaces that are aware of their state and the meaning behind. An important part of this approach is a layout model that constrains and eventually defines the presentation of the user interface. The model contains statements about the orientation and size of the user interface elements that generate a constraint system at runtime to calculate the layout of the interface. Based on this model we provide mechanisms for the automatic calculation of user interface layouts as well as (meta) user interface that allows the user to intervene and adjust the layout to personal preferences.
Learning from lions: inferring the utility of agents from their trajectories

We build a model using Gaussian processes to infer a spatio-temporal vector field from observed agent trajectories. Significant landmarks or influence points in agent surroundings are jointly derived through vector calculus operations that indicate presence of sources and sinks. We evaluate these influence points by using the Kullback-Leibler divergence between the posterior and prior Laplacian of the inferred spatio-temporal vector field. Through locating significant features that influence trajectories, our model aims to give greater insight into underlying causal utility functions that determine agent decision-making. A key feature of our model is that it infers a joint Gaussian process over the observed trajectories, the time-varying vector field of utility and canonical vector calculus operators. We apply our model to both synthetic data and lion GPS data collected at the Bubye Valley Conservancy in southern Zimbabwe.
Three-dimensional visualization of object-oriented software design metrics

Software visualization involves creation and display of graphical representations of software characteristics or behavior, of- ten to assist in the discovery of software problems or unanticipated behavior. This paper presents a new approach for three- dimensional (3D) visualization (including extraction and display) of design phase object-oriented software metrics. The visualizations are designed to foster developers' intuitive understanding of the metrics and to aid in the early understanding of structural character- istics of design components. The approach utilizes the extensibility interface of a popular computer aided software engineering tool to access and automatically extract eight key design metrics from Uni- fied Modeling Language class diagrams. Following metric extrac- tion, 3D visualizations of these metrics are generated for each class using perceptually meaningful glyphs. The approach has been implemented by a tool that emits and displays Virtual Reality Mod- eling Language representations of a design's glyphs. © 2000 SPIE and IS&T. (S1017-9909(00)01404-5)
Catheter dysfunction and dialysis performance according to vascular access among 736 critically ill adults requiring renal replacement therapy: A randomized controlled study

Objective:To compare dialysis catheter function according to catheter site. Design:Multicenter, open, randomized controlled trial. Setting:Nine university-affiliated hospitals and three general hospitals in France. Patients:Seven hundred thirty-six patients in intensive care units who required a first venous catheterization to perform either intermittent hemodialysis (470 patients with 1275 sessions) or continuous renal replacement therapy (266 patients with 1003 days). Intervention:Patients randomly received either femoral (n = 370) or jugular (n = 366) catheterization. For the jugular site, right-side position (n = 252) was recommended. Measurements and Main Results:Time to catheter ablation for dysfunction, urea reduction ratio (intermittent hemodialysis), and downtime (continuous renal replacement therapy) were assessed for all participants and evaluated by randomly assigned catheterization site (femoral or jugular). Baseline demography and dialysis prescriptions were similar between the site arms. In modified intent-to-treat, catheter dysfunction occurred in 36 of 348 (10.3%) and 38 of 342 (11.1%) patients in the femoral and jugular groups, respectively. The risk of catheter dysfunction did not significantly differ between randomized groups (hazard ratio, 1.06; 95% confidence interval, 0.67–1.68; p = .80). Compared to the femoral site, the observed risk of dysfunction decreased in the right jugular position (15 of 226; 6.6%; adjusted hazard ratio, 0.58; 95% confidence interval, 0.31–1.07; p = .09) and significantly increased in the left jugular position (23 of 118; 19.5%; adjusted hazard ratio, 1.89; 95% confidence interval, 1.12–3.21; p < .02). The postintermittent hemodialysis mean urea reduction ratio per session was 50.8% (standard deviation, 16.1) for femoral vs. 52.8% (standard deviation, 15.8) for jugular (p = .30) sites, and the median continuous renal replacement therapy downtime per patient-day was 1.17 hrs (interquartile range, 0.75–1.50) for both sites (p = .98). Conclusions:In terms of catheter dysfunction and dialysis performance among critically ill adults requiring acute renal replacement therapy, jugular site did not significantly outperform femoral site placement. (Crit Care Med 2010; 38:1118–1125)
Dependability of wireless sensor networks

As wireless sensor networks (WSNs) are becoming ever more prevalent, the runtime characteristics of these networks are becoming an increasing issue. Commonly, external sources of interference make WSNs behave in a different manner to that expected from within simplistic simulations, resulting in the need to use additional systems which monitor the state of the network. Despite dependability of WSNs being an increasingly important issue, there are still only a limited number of works within this specific field, with the majority of works focusing on ensuring that specific devices are operational, not the application as a whole. This work instead aims to look at the dependability of WSNs from an application-centric view, taking into account the possible ways in which the application may fail and using the application's requirements to focus on assuring dependability.
Relaxed predation results in reduced phenotypic integration in a suite of dragonflies

Although changes in magnitude of single traits responding to selective agents have been studied intensively, little is known about selection shaping networks of traits and their patterns of covariation. However, this is central for our understanding of phenotypic evolution as traits are embedded in a multivariate environment with selection affecting a multitude of traits simultaneously rather than individually. Here, we investigate inter‐ and intraspecific patterns of trait integration (trait correlations) in the larval abdomen of dragonflies as a response to a change in predator selection. Species of the dragonfly genus Leucorrhinia underwent a larval habitat shift from predatory fish to predatory dragonfly‐dominated lakes with an associated relaxation in selection pressure from fish predation. Our results indicate that the habitat‐shift‐induced relaxed selection pressure caused phenotypic integration of abdominal traits to be reduced. Intraspecific findings matched patterns comparing species from both habitats with higher abdominal integration in response to predatory fish. This higher integration is probably a result of faster burst swimming speed. The abdomen holds the necessary morphological machinery to successfully evade predatory fish via burst swimming. Hence, abdominal traits have to function in a tight coordinated manner, as maladaptive variation and consequently nonoptimal burst swimming would cause increased mortality. In predatory dragonfly‐dominated lakes, no such strong link between burst swimming and mortality is present. Our findings highlight the importance of studying multivariate trait relationships as a response to selection for understanding patterns of phenotypic diversification.
Effects of ozone and well‐mixed gases on annual‐mean stratospheric temperature trends

The effects of changes in ozone and well‐mixed greenhouse gases upon the annual‐mean stratospheric temperatures are investigated using a general circulation model and compared with the observed (1979–2000) trends. In the global‐mean lower stratosphere (50–100 hPa), ozone changes exert the most important influence upon the cooling trend. In the upper stratosphere, where both ozone and greenhouse gas changes influence the temperature trends, the amount of cooling is sensitive to the background ozone climatology. Taking into account the uncertainties in the observed temperature trend estimates and the dynamical variability of the model, the simulated results are in reasonable quantitative agreement with the vertical profile of the observed global‐and‐annual‐mean stratospheric cooling, and with the observed lower stratospheric zonal‐and‐annual‐mean cooling. This affirms the major role of these species in the temperature trend of the stratosphere over the past two decades.
Rape Myth Acceptance Impacts the Reporting of Rape to the Police

We examined the association between rape myth acceptance (RMA) and reporting rapes to the police. Situational characteristics of the rape (e.g., stranger attack, injury) are known predictors of reporting, but no existing studies have examined the association between beliefs about rape and reporting. In addition, most studies of RMA do not assess victimization history. Incarcerated women experience high rates of sexual assaults prior to incarceration. We recruited 74 rape survivors from a northwestern state prison. Results suggest that women who endorsed higher levels of RMA were less likely to report their rapes to police; however, participants endorsed few rape myths.
Comparison of fundamental properties of Japanese bentonites as buffer material for waste disposal

Bentonite is considered as one of the most promising buffer materials for ; geological disposal of radioactive waste in Japan. ; For selection of the primary candidate buffer materials, screening of commercially available bentonites is carried out. Eight kinds of bentonites are selected on the basis of published information. Then laboratory studies have concentrated on the following properties : mineralogical and chemical, mechanical, swelling, thermal and hydrologie properties. No significant difference is recognized between the properties of Japanese bentonites and those of MX-80,a reference buffer material in many countries. The influence of sodium chloride content on swelling and hydrologie properties is also studied.
Commitment and Effectiveness of Situated Agents

Recent research in real-time Artificial Intelligence has focussed upon the design of situated agents and, in particular, how to achieve effective and robust behaviour with limited computational resources. A range of architectures and design principles has been proposed to solve this problem. This has led to the development of simulated worlds that can serve as testbeds in which the effectiveness of different agents can be evaluated. We report here an experimental program that aimed to investigate how commitment to goals contributes to effective behaviour and to compare the properties of different strategies for reacting to change. Our results demonstrate the feasibility of developing systems for empirical measurement of agent performance that are stable, sensitive, and capable of revealing the effect of "high-level" agent characteristics such as commitment.
A compact block-matching cell for analogue motion estimation processors

This paper describes a block-matching cell suitable for use in analogue implementations of motion estimation processors for digital video coding. The compact eight-transistor circuit makes use of the inherent square-law characteristic of the MOS transistor in saturation to realize the most computational demanding part of the processor. Measured results from fabricated samples of the cell were used to simulate the performance of an analogue motion estimation processor. The results of the simulations show the suitability of the analogue approach in this application. The use of analogue circuits is expected to reduce size, complexity, and power consumption without degrading video quality.
Recurrent neuro-fuzzy networks for nonlinear process modeling

A type of recurrent neuro-fuzzy network is proposed in this paper to build long-term prediction models for nonlinear processes. The process operation is partitioned into several fuzzy operating regions. Within each region, a local linear model is used to model the process. The global model output is obtained through the centre of gravity defuzzification which is essentially the interpolation of local model outputs. This modeling strategy utilizes both process knowledge and process input output data. Process knowledge is used to initially divide the process operation into several fuzzy operating regions and to set up the initial fuzzification layer weights. Process input output data are used to train the network. Network weights are such trained so that the long-term prediction errors are minimized. Through training, membership functions of fuzzy operating regions are refined and local models are learn. Based on the recurrent neuro-fuzzy network model, a novel type of nonlinear model-based long range predictive controller can be developed and it consists of several local linear model-based predictive controllers. Local controllers are constructed based on the corresponding local linear models and their outputs are combined to form a global control action by using their membership functions. This control strategy has the advantage that control actions can be calculated analytically avoiding the time consuming nonlinear programming procedures required in conventional nonlinear model-based predictive control. The techniques have been successfully applied to the modeling and control of a neutralization process.
Computed Tomographic Analysis of Frontal Sinus Drainage Pathway Variations and Frontal Rhinosinusitis

ObjectiveThe objective of this study was to radiologically determine frontal sinus drainage pathway variations with respect to superior attachment of uncinate process (SAUP) and their effect on prevalence of frontal rhinosinusitis. DesignThis was a retrospective cohort study. MethodsComputed tomography scans of the 919 frontal sinus sides of 460 patients (252 female, 208 male; mean age, 35.1 ± 10.5 years) who were candidates for endoscopic sinus surgery were evaluated retrospectively between August 2012 and January 2013 by 3 radiologists to determine the SAUP types and the presence of frontal rhinosinusitis. ResultsThe frontal sinus outflow tract was localized medial to the SAUP in 651 frontal sinus sides and lateral to the SAUP in 268 sides. We determined 3 types (types 7, 8, and 9) of SAUP in addition to 6 types defined in literature. The most common type of SAUP was type 3 (n = 332, 36.1%) followed by type 2 (n = 256, 27.8%) and type 7 (n = 160, 17.4%). Of the evaluated sides, 316 (34.3%) had frontal rhinosinusitis. Frontal rhinosinusitis was more common in the sides where the frontal sinus outflow tract was localized medial to the SAUP than those localized lateral (37.2% vs 27.6%, P = 0.006). ConclusionsEndoscopic approach to frontal recess usually requires uncinectomy, and it is necessary to know SAUP to prevent postoperative retained superior portion of the uncinate process. The location of frontal sinus outflow tract on the SAUP affects the prevalence of frontal rhinosinusitis as well. Frontal rhinosinusitis is significantly more common when the frontal sinus outflow tract was localized medial rather than lateral to the SAUP.Level of evidence: 2b.
Reduced Triple Modular Redundancy for Tolerating SEUs in SRAM-based FPGAs

This paper proposes an efﬁcient alternative to Triple Modular Redundancy for SEU mitigation in SRAM-based FPGAs. The new technique, Reduced Triple Modular Re-dundancy (RTMR), operates on a lookup-table (LUT) network obtained after the technology mapping stage. The entire set of LUTs is classiﬁed on the basis of sensitivity into sensitive , internally insensitive and last-level insensitive LUTs. Instead of triplicating the entire design, only the ﬁrst and third category of LUTs are triplicated and tri-buffer based majority voters are used. The classiﬁcation is ﬁrst performed using signal probability propagation and later more successfully by fault simulation. By utilizing the unused ﬂip-ﬂops of the CLBs in combination circuits, certain last-level insensitive LUTs can just be duplicated instead of being TMRed. The RTMR technique is tested on the MCNC ’91 benchmarks and the results for the 8 largest combinational circuits is presented here. On an average RTMR requires only 99.61 % additional number of LUTs compared to the 200% additional LUTs required by a standard TMR. Even with such a low area requirement, the circuits produced by the RTMR technique are observed to have a very high SEU immunity.
Algorithms for parallel flow solvers on message passing architectures

Pipelining is a common strategy for extracting parallelism from a collection of independent computational tasks. Filling the pipeline creates an inevitable performance penalty. When implemented on MIMD parallel computers that transfer messages asynchronously, pipeline algorithms suffer an additional slowdown; processor interrupts cause a wave-like propagation of delays. This phenomenon, which has been observed experimentally using the AIMS performance monitoring system, is investigated analytically, and an optimal correction is derived to eliminate the wave. Increased efficiency through the correction is verified experimentally.
Exposure assessment of smartphones and tablets

This work assesses the uplink exposure of 3G/4G smartphones and tablets, as representative of current wireless usage trends. Numerical simulations are carried out to estimate SAR on whole body heterogeneous voxel models of an adult and a child, in standing and sitting postures, in a testbed comprising 16 scenarios, which is the main novelty of the work. The head and the hand absorb about 55% and 40% of the energy, respectively, during a voice call (on average), while using a tablet, on average, 96% of the energy is absorbed by the hands. The child model exhibits a higher sensitivity to frequency and to the body posture.
Neuron-glia networks: integral gear of brain function

Astrocytes, the most abundant glial cell in the brain, play critical roles in metabolic and homeostatic functions of the Nervous System; however, their participation in coding information and cognitive processes has been largely ignored. The strategic position of astrocyte processes facing synapses and the astrocyte ability to uptake neurotransmitters and release neuroactive substances, so-called “gliotransmitters”, provide the scenario for prolific neuron-astrocyte signaling. From studies at single-cell level to animal behavior, recent advances in technology and genetics have revealed the impact of astrocyte activity in brain function from cellular and synaptic physiology, neuronal circuits to behavior. The present review critically discusses the consequences of astrocyte signaling on synapses and networks, as well as its impact on neuronal information processing, showing that some crucial brain functions arise from the coordinated activity of neuron-glia networks.