Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
A Novel Method for Stimulating Cannabis sativa L. Male Flowers from Female Plants

Female hemp plants are desired in floral hemp operations due to their higher cannabinoid contents. To produce feminized seeds, a critical step of inducing fertile male flowers on female plants is performed. In feminized seed production, freshly mixed STS (silver thiosulfate + sodium thiosulfate) is applied to female plants as an ethylene inhibitor to induce male flowers. However, the short-shelf stability of the STS buffer can cause difficulty in the application and inconsistent results. Alternative methods with improved accessibility and stable buffers will be beneficial for the hemp industry and hemp breeders. A commercially available floriculture product, Chrysal ALESCO®, contains silver nitrate, the same active ingredient as STS but with increased shelf stability. This study compares Chrysal ALESCO® to the traditional STS standard methods for male flower induction on female plants and their pollen quality. The two treatments were applied to six female hemp accessions with three replicates investigated, and the male flower counts and pollen quality were compared. No statistically significant difference was discovered in their male flower counts; the STS-treated plant produced an average of 478.18 male flowers, and the Chrysal ALESCO®-treated plant produced an average of 498.24 male flowers per plant. Fluorescein diacetate (FDA) and acetocarmine stains were used to investigate the pollen quality (non-aborted rate) of two chosen genotypes. FDA-stained pollen of Chrysal ALESCO® showed a significantly higher non-aborted rate than the pollen of traditional STS-treated plants (p < 0.001); however, only a marginally higher non-aborted rate was discovered by acetocarmine staining (p = 0.0892). In summary, Chrysal ALESCO® performed equally to traditional STS treatment at male flower counts and better or equally in pollen quality. With better shelf stability and easy application, ALESCO® can be a viable alternative option for stimulating male flowers on female hemp plants.
Experimental Study of Fracture Permeability in Porous Rock

Fluid flow through fractured porous subsurface reservoirs is an important but often unquantified property. The necessary quantification of this flow is achieved by both laboratory and field measurements. Laboratory experiments of the effect of temperature and confining pressure on permeability in Navajo Sandstone indicate that simulated fractures in porous rock (1) have a higher percentage rate of permeability decline with depth than whole rock, (2) experience a greater degree of permanent deformation with depth than whole rock, (3) are healed effectively when fracture permeabilty approaches that of the whole rock, and (4) experience a reduction in permeability dependent on the macroscopic ductility and previous maximum depth of burial of the host sandstone.
Elevating Performance of LSM-Tree-Based Key-Value Stores with Gradient Data Hierarchy

Key-value stores are a key player of managing large-scale unstructured data in storage systems. Performance improvement of the LSM-tree structure has been extensively investigated, but current work primarily focuses on cache structural optimization rather than hot-and-cold data properties. Moreover, existing and external memory components of LSM-tree rarely have uniform hot and cold attributions. In this study, we make use of the gradient and hierarchy mechanism to optimize the components catering for cache data. We design an adaptive data migration method according to hot and cold data in the cache. We reform and expand a gradient cold-hot data hierarchy (GDH) mechanism that replaces the in-memory data structure to address the problem of missing hot and cold data attributes. The hot and cold data are placed in separate cache partitions to store hot data as far the high hierarchy as possible, reducing $\mathrm{I}/\mathrm{O}$ accesses. When it comes to frequently accessed hot data, we advocate for a hotness-aware technique for data stored on a disk, where read-write performance and the cache hit rate are revamped. The experiment results reveal that our proposed GDH achieves a high cache-hit ratio and low access latency under a wide range of workloads.
Aprovechamiento tradicional de las especies de Physalis en México

En Mexico existe una alta diversidad genetica de tomate de cascara (Physalis spp.) silvestre y cultivado. Con el objetivo de revisar los usos que se le atribuyen a las especies del genero Physalis en el pais, se recopilo la informacion contenida en los ejemplares de tomate de cascara de 15 herbarios mexicanos, incluidos el mexu, encb, chap, chapa, ibug, qmex y ansm. Se registraron los usos generales (comestible, industrial, medicinal, trampa vegetal, ornamental, forrajero, como juguete y ceremonial) asociados a 15 especies, que representan 24% de las 70 reconocidas en el territorio mexicano de las que se utiliza la raiz, el tallo, las hojas, el fruto y el caliz. Por el numero de especies involucradas, destacan los usos comestible y medicinal con 11 especies cada uno. En la medida que se conozcan y difundan los usos de las especies cultivadas y silvestres de Physalis y se apropie el proceso de utilizacion, existira mayor aprovechamiento de los recursos del taxon y con ello mayor posibilidad de su conservacion. Palabras clave: tomate de cascara, tomate verde, etnobotanica, uso tradicional, diversidad especifica. Traditional.
Structure and growth of the Izu‐Bonin‐Mariana arc crust: 2. Role of crust‐mantle transformation and the transparent Moho in arc crust evolution

[1] Evolution of arc crust and subarc mantle in the Izu-Bonin-Mariana (IBM) intraoceanic arc-trench system is examined by petrological modeling of arc magma generation and differentiation. Characteristic seismic structural features of the IBM arc highlighted in this modeling include the presence of (1) a middle crust with a P wave velocity (Vp) of 6.0–6.5 km/s, (2) a 6.5–6.8 km/s Vp layer at the top of the lower crust, (3) a high-velocity (Vp = 6.8–7.2 km/s) lower crust, and (4) an uppermost mantle exhibiting rather low velocities (Vp = 7.4–7.7 km/s). The formation of the middle crust, which is considered to have an intermediate composition, is examined by (1) the mantle-derived basalt model including anatexis of the initial mafic lower crust or mixing of mantle-melting-derived basaltic magma with crust-melting-derived felsic magma and (2) the mantle-derived andesite model including differentiation of boninitic magma. The Vp calculated for the inferred compositions for each layer of the IBM crust on the basis of the basalt model is consistent with the observed values, whereas the andesite model cannot account for the characteristic Vp of the middle crust, the uppermost lower crust, and the uppermost mantle. The results further suggest that the volume of mafic restite and cumulates that are “crustal residues” resulting from the evolution of middle and upper arc crust is, at least, 3 to 9 times greater than that of the seismically defined IBM lower crust. One possible explanation to overcome this apparent dilemma is that the mafic to ultramafic crustal components are transformed to subarc mantle. During this process the subarc Moho is chemically transparent and permeable to the crustal components. This crust-mantle transformation could play the major role in the creation of mature arc crust with intermediate compositions similar to continental crust.
Carbon sequestration capacity in a semiarid ecosystem: a carbon balance approach

Here, we used two C balance approaches to estimate total belowground C allocation (TBCA) in three representative land uses in a Mediterranean ecosystem (late-successional forest, abandoned agricultural field, rainfed olive grove). Our objectives were: 1) to asses the response of TBCA and its components to changes in land use; 2) to evaluate how soil water erosion and changes in C stored in roots, soil and litter layer altered our estimates of TBCA; 3) to determine annual net ecosystem productivity, and examine C allocation patterns at each land use.
The Sierra Crest Magmatic Event: Rapid Formation of Juvenile Crust during the Late Cretaceous in California

The Late Cretaceous was a period of extremely voluminous magmatism and rapid crustal growth in the western United States. From approximately 98 to 86 Ma, greater than 4000 km2 of exposed granodioritic to granitic crust, including the largest composite intrusive suites in the Sierra Nevada batholith, were emplaced in eastern California. Plutons intruded during this period include the highest peaks in the Sierra; we informally refer to this as the Sierra Crest magmatic event. Field, petrologic, geochemical, and geochronologic data indicate that, although they comprise an insignificant volume of exposed rocks (less than 100 km2), mafic magmas were intruded contemporaneously with each episode of intermediate and high-silica magmatism in the event. This observation attests to the fundamental importance of high-alumina basaltic magmas during crustal-growth episodes in continental arcs. Geochemical data for suites of coeval plutonic rocks of the Sierra Crest magmatic event, ranging in composition from basalt to .
Influence and discrimination of clouds in the detection of dust and sandstorms using AVI

The AVI method can detect the dust and sandstorms (DSS) in satellite images both at daytime and night. The aerosol vapor index (AVI) is defined as AVI=T12-T11, where T12 and T11 are the brightness temperatures at 12μm and 11μm wave lengths, respectively. The fault of AVI method is to mistake thick clouds for DSS rarely. Iino et al. (2002, 2004) proposed the composite color images for discriminating DSS from clouds in daytime NOAA-AVHRR images. In this paper, Terra/Aqua-MODIS data are used. First, it is explained that usual clouds bring the effect of AVI<0, and the clouds with very large optical thickness and very large particle size may bring the effect of AVI<0, by using the BTD vs. T11 charts of Inoue (2006), where BTD=-AVI. Examples of the cloud images of AVI<0 are shown and interpreted using the AVI vs. T11 scatter chart. Next, the views of objects (DSS, usual ice-cloud, usual water-cloud, ice-cloud with large optical thickness, water-cloud with large optical thickness, snow field and ice, land, sea) in the single-band images (bands 1, 3, 4, 6, 7 and T11(band31), T12(band32)) and the band-difference images (band1-band3, band4-band3, band6- band1, band7-band1, AVI) are examined. The good composite color images which can discriminate DSS from clouds etc. are {R,G,B=AVI, band7-band1, T11} and {R,G,B=AVI, band4-band3, T11} for daytime images, and {R,G,B=T11, AVI, none} for nighttime images.
Ten Million Tourists in 2010 How Morocco Can Succeed by Developing E-Tourism

Since 2001 tourism development has become a priority in the economic expansion of Morocco. An agreement between the government and the business confederation (CGEM) expects ten million tourists in 2010. Achieving this objective should undoubtedly be done through a reinforcement of promotion campaigns towards overseas countries. In addition, Morocco also expects ten million Internet users on its domestic territory within the next three years. Both goals represent a challenge for tourism professionals as much as for IT experts. However, local and national tourism operators continue to favor traditional distribution channels and let e-tourism practices in the hands of foreign companies. This paper roughly analysis this situation and points to government interventionism allowing to develop a favorable environment do develop synergies between the two sectors. The two objectives can then be conceived as a whole and be more easily attained.
The use of wetland bird species as indicators of land cover change within the Mgeni Estuary and Beachwood Mangrove swamps.

Because of the variety of ecological and economic functions they perform, estuaries and mangrove swamps are recognised as amongst the most valuable habitats on earth. However, estuaries and related mangrove swamps are threatened by human expansion and exploitation which leads to changes in land cover change within and surrounding these sensitive ecosystems. Such land cover changes can either have desirable or undesirable effects on natural ecosystems. Examples of undesirable impacts of land cover change include soil erosion and degradation, the removal of indigenous vegetation for human development, and the pollution of water. Without an effective means of identifying, monitoring and managing land cover changes over time, these sensitive ecosystems face a bleak and uncertain future. The researcher sought to determine whether wetland bird species could be used as an effective method of monitoring the environmental health of estuaries and mangrove swamps. In particular, the research sought to determine whether analysing fluctuations in the populations of wetland bird indicator species, as evident in the CWAC Bird Census data, could assist in monitoring and assessing undesirable and desirable land cover changes within the Mgeni Estuary and Beachwood Mangrove Swamps. An examination of the archival aerial imagery of the study area for the years 1991, 1997, 2003 and 2008 provided by the University and private companies, revealed significant changes in land cover over the last two decades. The land cover changes identified represent an actual decline or increase in the suitable foraging, roosting or reproductive habitats of wetland bird indicator species within the study area. The research focused on investigating whether fluctuations in wetland bird populations can be correlated with the recorded changes in land cover over the last two decades. The research discovered a direct and comprehensive link between fluctuations in specific populations of wetland bird indicator species and the land cover changes identified within the study area over a 20 year period.
Factors Effecting the Fate and Transport of CL-20 in the Vadose Zone and Groundwater: Final Report 2002 - 2004 SERDP Project CP-1255

This SERDP-funded project was initiated to investigate the fate of CL-20 in the subsurface environment, with a focus on identification and quantification of geochemical and microbial reactions of CL-20. CL-20 can be released to the surface and subsurface terrestrial environment by: a) manufacturing processes, b) munition storage, and c) use with low order detonation or unexploded ordnance. The risk of far-field subsurface migration was assessed through labora-tory experiments with a variety of sediments and subsurface materials to quantify processes that control CL-20 sorption-limited migration and degradation. Results of this study show that CL-20 will exhibit differing behavior in the subsurface terrestrial environment: 1. CL-20 on the sediment surface will photodegrade and interact with plants/animals (described in other SERDP projects CU 1254, 1256). CL-20 will exhibit greater sorption in humid sediments to organic matter. Transport will be solubility limited (i.e., low CL-20 aqueous solubility). 2. CL-20 infiltration into soils ( 2 m) will be, in most cases, subject to low sorption and lowmore » degradation rates, so would persist in the subsurface environment and be at risk for deep migration. Low water content in arid regions will result in a decrease in both sorption and the degradation rate. Measured degradation rates in unsaturated sediments of years would result in significant subsurface migration distances. 4. CL-20 in groundwater will be subject to some sorption but likely very slow degradation rates. CL-20 sorption will be greater than RDX. Most CL-20 degradation will be abiotic (ferrous iron and other transition metals), because most deep subsurface systems have extremely low natural microbial populations. Degradation rates will range from weeks (iron reducing systems) to years. Although CL-20 will move rapidly through most sediments in the terrestrial environment, subsurface remediation can be utilized for cleanup. Transformation of CL-20 to intermediates can be rapidly accomplished under: a) reducing conditions (CL-20 4.1 min. half-life, RDX 18 min. half-life), b) alkaline (pH >10) conditions, and c) bioremediation with added nutrients. CL-20 degradation to intermediates may be insufficient to mitigate environmental impact, as the toxicity of many of these compounds is unknown. Biostimulation in oxic to reducing systems by carbon and nutrient addition can mineralize CL-20, with the most rapid rates occurring under reducing conditions. « less
Interannual Variability of Sea Surface Temperature off Java and Sumatra in a Global GCM

Abstract Using results from the Simple Ocean Data Assimilation (SODA), this study assesses the mixed layer heat budget to identify the mechanisms that control the interannual variation of sea surface temperature (SST) off Java and Sumatra. The analysis indicates that during the positive Indian Ocean Dipole (IOD) years, cold SST anomalies are phase locked with the season cycle. They may exceed −3°C near the coast of Sumatra and extend as far westward as 80°E along the equator. The depth of the thermocline has a prominent influence on the generation and maintenance of SST anomalies. In the normal years, cooling by upwelling–entrainment is largely counterbalanced by warming due to horizontal advection. In the cooling episode of IOD events, coastal upwelling–entrainment is enhanced, and as a result of mixed layer shoaling, the barrier layer no longer exists, so that the effect of upwelling–entrainment can easily reach the surface mixed layer. Horizontal advection spreads the cold anomaly to the interior tropi.
Age Dating of Middle-Distillate Fuels Released to the Subsurface Environment

The term “age dating” is defined as: estimating the time frame of a contaminant release to the environment. Because of the high costs of environmental cleanups, age-dating studies have now become an integral part of environmental investigations. Knowledge of the local geology, hydrology and geochemistry are required to perform these studies and, therefore, geologists are commonly involved. The “middle distillates” include products such as diesel fuel, heating oils, kerosene and jet fuels. Middle-distillate fuels are used throughout the world to power motors, heat residences, fuel jet engines and propel ships, among many other uses. Middle-distillate fuels are commonly stored in aboveground or underground tanks and these tanks are often unprotected and exposed to the elements. Because of corrosion, leaks from storage tanks are a severe environmental problem, especially in locations where groundwater is used for potable supplies. Numerous underground storage tanks (USTs) were installed in North America during the “boom” years following World War II and impacts from leakage are now being found in the subsurface. An understanding of the problems associated with leaking petroleum USTs has been known since the 1950s (Kehoe, 1960). However, action was not undertaken until the late 1970s and in some places, even much later. For example, the US state of New Jersey did not pass UST regulations until 1986 (State of New Jersey, 1986). The average non-leaking lifespan of unprotected steel USTs may be as little as 15 years (Robinson et al., 1988). The Canadian province of Nova Scotia requires that USTs older than 25 years be removed (Hankey-Masui, 1998). Thus, numerous leaking USTs existed over the years and many probably continue today. Because of costs, the number of people impacted and the large number of cases, releases of middle-distillate fuels from USTs are a serious problem in North America (Oudijk et al., 1999). In the US states of New Jersey and Maine, several leaks are reported daily to regulatory agencies (Pearson & Oudijk, 1993; McCaskill, 1999). Similar problems exist in Europe (Bennet, 1997). Remediation costs can be high and cases exist where buildings were removed, razed or structurally supported to complete a cleanup. It is not uncommon for costs to exceed US$500,000 and many cases costing over US$1 million exist. Costs are often borne by insurance policies, although carriers may subrogate and obtain contribution from previous carriers or others responsible. For this reason, carriers and law firms commonly request information on the time frames of releases. Because of costs, many cases are litigated and,
COVID-19 Fake News Detection Model on Social Media Data Using Machine Learning Techniques

Social media sites like Instagram, Twitter, and Facebook have become indispensable parts of the daily routine. These social media sites are powerful instruments for spreading the news, photographs, and other sorts of information. However, since the emergence of the COVID-19 pandemic in December 2019, many articles and headlines concerning the COVID-19 epidemic have surfaced on social media. Social media is frequently used to disseminate fraudulent material or information. This disinformation may confuse consumers, perhaps causing worry. It is hard to counter the widespread dissemination of disinformation. As a result, it is critical to develop a model for recognizing fake news in the news stream. The dataset, which would be a synthesis of COVID-19-related news from numerous social media and news sources, is utilized for categorization in this work. Markers are retrieved from unstructured textual data gathered from a variety of sources. Then, to eliminate the computational burden of analyzing all of the features in the dataset, feature selection is done. Finally, to categorize the COVID -19 related dataset, multiple cutting-edge machine-learning algorithms were trained. Support Vector Machine (SVM), Naïve Bayes (NB), and Decision Tree (DT) are the machine learning models presented. Finally, numerous measures are used to evaluate these algorithms such as accuracy, precision, recall, and F1 score. The Decision Tress algorithm reported the highest accuracy of 100% compared to the Support Vector Machine 98.7% and Naïve Bayes 96.3%.
Relations of Childhood Trauma and Emotional Dysregulation with Suicide Ideation and Suicidal Behaviour Severity in a Clinical Sample of Depressive Female Adolescents

Objective: This study aimed to explore the aspects of emotional dysregulation (ED) and childhood trauma (CT) which are associated with suicide ideation (SI) and suicidal behaviour (SB) severity in depressive female adolescents who previously attempted suicide. Method : In this cross-sectional study, we evaluated SI and SB severity. The Columbia-Suicide Severity Rating Scale (C-SSRS) was administered to 80 depressive female patients who had suicide attempts within the last month. Current suicide ideation (C-SI) and total score (C-TS), lifetime- suicide ideation (L-SI), and total score (L-TS) were obtained with the C-SSRS. Patients were recruited from five different provinces in Turkey. Additionally, the patients completed the Difficulties in Emotion Regulation Scale (DERS), Childhood Trauma Questionnaire (CTQ), and Beck Depression Inventory (BDI). The Pearson correlation test and a multiple linear regression analysis were used to determine variables predictive of suicide scores. Results: The results of multiple linear regression analysis indicated that the BDI and DERS - total scores explained 35% (adjusted R) of the variance in C-SI ((F (2;67) = 19.61, P < 0.001). C-TS was explained by ‘BDI,’ ‘emotional neglect’ and ‘DERS impulse’ (38% (adjusted R) (F (3;66) = 15.15, P < 0.001). L-SI was only associated with DERS strategies (explains 13% (adjusted R) of the variance in L-SI (F (1;68) = 10.411, P = 0.02). Concerning the C-SSRS L-TS, the DERS impulse and CTQ total accounted for 24% (adjusted R) of the variance (F (2;67) = 10.620, P < 0.001). Conclusion: The results of our study suggest that adolescents who have experienced emotional neglect and depressive symptoms are more at risk for suicidal ideation and behaviour. In addition, depressed adolescents who show impulsive behaviours and restricted emotional strategies are also at risk. Identifying neglected depressed adolescents and teaching impulse control and effective emotional strategies is important for the prevention of suicidal behaviours and thoughts.