Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Chromosomal Translocations Involving the E 2 A Gene in Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia : Clinical Features and Molecular Pathogenesis

0 VER THE PAST DECADE, significant advances have been made in understanding the molecular details of lymphopoiesis and the pathogenesis of lymphoid neoplasia. Major contributions to these advances have been made through study of Ifl-cell receptor (TCR) genes and the factors that control their ordered recombination and by investigation of nonrandom chromosomal translocations that occur in acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL). In addition, the advent of technology that allows investigators to genetically inactivate or “knockout” individual genes by creating homozygous null mice has facilitated efforts to identify proteins whose function is essential for normal development. These disparate lines of investigation have shown that the protein products of the E2A gene are essential for normal lymphopoiesis and can be converted into oncogenic transcription factors by chromosomal translocations. In this review, I will summarize briefly our current understanding of the function of E2A proteins within the lymphoid system, particularly genetic evidence showing that they are absolutely required for normal B-cell development. Attention will then be turned to discussing two translocations, t(1; 19)(q23;p13) and t(17;19)(421-22;~13), that disrupt E2A. The clinical features of t( 1; 19)’ and t( 17; 19)+ ALLs will be reviewed, particularly those of the former that illustrate the clinical importance of molecular diagnosis. I will also discuss, in detail, the structural features and functional properties of E2A-PBX1 and E2A-HLF, the fusion proteins created by the t(1; 19) and t(17; 19), respectively, and will review the experimental evidence implicating these chimeras in leukemogenesis.
An approach to non-functional requirements analysis at software architecture level

With the growing complexity and size of software systems and applications, the evaluation of these systems in development process, especially in the first phases are very important. In this paper a framework consisting of three parts is introduced. With the help of the integration of the software architecture description and requirement evaluation this framework minimizes the gap between software engineers and non-functional requirement analysis. In this framework, a general structure based on XML is provided for Petri nets extensions in order to be suitable for all Petri net extensions. Also it was indicated how different analysis methodologies can be integrated in our framework.
ERP Alignment for Positive Business Performance: Evidence from Korea's ERP Market

This paper aims to examine conditions under which investment in enterprise resource planning (ERP) has a positive influence on business performance. Our empirical analysis on Korean firms that invested in ERP systems reveals how organizational integration modes need to be aligned with ERP systems for positive results from the ERP investment. Organizational integration modes refer to simultaneously used methods — people, standardization, and centralization —by which an organization coordinates and controls the activities of different departments within the same organization. The degree of alignment between ERP and integration modes is determined by the clarity of the ERP objectives, and positive results in terms of operational efficiency are correlated with the degree of alignment between ERP and these three integration modes.
Maximum rate of oxygen consumption related to succinate dehydrogenase activity in skeletal muscle fibres of chronic heart failure patients and controls

Previous studies indicate that the low maximum rate of oxygen consumption (VO2max) of chronic heart failure (CHF) patients is not because of impaired pump function of the heart. We hypothesize that VO2 during maximum exercise is determined by the total oxidative capacity of skeletal muscle. VO2max of six controls and 14 CHF patients, New York Heart Association class I–III, was determined using an incremental bicycle ergometer test. Cryostat sections of a biopsy from the quadriceps femoris muscle were incubated for succinate dehydrogenase (SDH) using quantitative histochemistry. VO2max (range: 29 ml O2 kg min−1 in a class III patient to 118 ml O2 kg min−1 in a control subject) correlates with the mean SDH activity of skeletal muscle fibres (r = 0·79 or r = 0·81, including or excluding oxygen uptake at rest, respectively; P<0·001). The relationship between VO2max and SDH activity is similar to that determined previously using isolated single muscle fibres and myocardial trabeculae under hyperoxic conditions. From the product of SDH activity and the cross‐sectional area of the fibre (i.e. spatially integrated SDH activity), it is possible to calculate the maximum oxygen uptake rate per unit muscle fibre length. This uptake rate is linearly related to the number of capillaries per fibre (r = 0·76, P<0·001) in all subjects, suggesting that oxidative capacity of skeletal muscle fibres in CHF patients decreases in proportion to the oxygen supply capacity of the microcirculation.
Strategy to transition from the constant modulus algorithm to a decision feedback blind equalizer

The constant modulus algorithm (CMA) is commonly used for first stage blind equalization applications. CMA's main advantage is that it will open the eye based on the received signal only. Decision directed (DD) equalization is often used as it provides a lower mean square error (MSE) in the equalized signal. Obvious from its name, DD equalization requires estimates of the transmitted symbols in order to adapt the equalizer - the eye must be open. This paper considers an elegant method to transition between CMA and DD equalization (in a decision feedback equalizer structure). A conventional “brute force” approach to perform the transition is to determine the filter coefficients for the DD equalizer through a MMSE design criterion based on the inverse CMA filter coefficients. This may cause a large procession delay at the point of transition between filter types and requires significant computations. The algorithm in this paper is low complexity and does not require a large processing delay when transitioning from CMA to DD LMS.
Enrichment of Smart Home Services by Integrating Social Network Services and Big Data Analytics

Smart homes have gained attraction for several years in people's daily lives and are still increasing. They provide a fruitful foundation for the creation of social network services as they escort habits and regular activities of people at home, along their way or even at work. Smart homes and their current development stage are not only able to support people by intelligent functionality but also to predict the behavior or even the interaction with the social network of a person. For that, smart home technology makes strong use of big data techniques that help to master the vast amount of data generated continuously. In this paper we conduct a literature research that investigates the current state-of-the-art of smart homes and the related generation of social network services in a big data driven environment. We reveal future research opportunities that emerge from the combination of mastering big data in smart homes and, hence, provide design recommendations for social network services.
Methicillin (Oxacillin)-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus Strains Isolated from Major Food Animals and Their Potential Transmission to Humans

ABSTRACT From May 2001 to April 2003, various types of specimens from cattle, pigs, and chickens were collected and examined for the presence of methicillin (oxacillin)-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA). S. aureus was isolated and positively identified by using Gram staining, colony morphology, tests for coagulase and urease activities, and an API Staph Ident system. Among 1,913 specimens collected from the animals, 421 contained S. aureus; of these, 28 contained S. aureus resistant to concentrations of oxacillin higher than 2 μg/ml. Isolates from 15 of the 28 specimens were positive by PCR for the mecA gene. Of the 15 mecA-positive MRSA isolates, 12 were from dairy cows and 3 were from chickens. Antimicrobial susceptibility tests of mecA-positive MRSA strains were performed by the disk diffusion method. All isolates were resistant to members of the penicillin family, such as ampicillin, oxacillin, and penicillin. All isolates were also susceptible to amikacin, vancomycin, and trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole. To determine molecular epidemiological relatedness of these 15 animal MRSA isolates to isolates from humans, random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) patterns were generated by arbitrarily primed PCR. The RAPD patterns of six of the isolates from animals were identical to the patterns of certain isolates from humans. The antibiotypes of the six animal isolates revealed types similar to those of the human isolates. These data suggested that the genomes of the six animal MRSA isolates were very closely related to those of some human MRSA isolates and were a possible source of human infections caused by consuming contaminated food products made from these animals.
QoE-aware user association and resource allocation for mixed services in heterogeneous networks

In heterogeneous networks (HetNets), user association and resource allocation (UARA) is a great challenge for radio resource management (RRM). In this paper, a novel QoE-aware UARA scheme is proposed. The delay factor is introduced to QoE metric to weight delays’ effect on service transmitting. Then the UARA scheme based on QoE is formulated as an optimization problem which is a mixed integer nonlinear programming (MINLP) problem. To solve the problem, we adopt the genetic algorithm (GA) and associate the user association and the resource with population and fitness respectively. Through the evolutions of genetic algorithm, the optimal UARA scheme can be worked out. The simulation results indicate that the proposed scheme can reduce packet loss rate, and improve the system load balancing performance.
Digital Frequency Determination of Real Waveforms Based on Multiple Sensors With Low Sampling Rates

Conventionally, a frequency can be uniquely determined when the sampling rate is higher than the Nyquist rate. In some applications, such as sensor network with low transmission rate sensors, it is necessary that the sampling rate to be under the Nyquist rate; in this case, a frequency determination method based on its under-sampled waveform is needed. Several studies have been done to extract real input frequency from under-sampled sinusoidal complex waveform. This paper presents a novel method for unambiguous and unique frequency determination of under-sampled real sinusoidal waveform. The proposed method needs a low cost hardware in compare with the frequency determination of under-sampled sinusoidal complex waveform. First, we determine the upper frequency bound which the frequency can be extracted unambiguously from under-sampled real sinusoidal waveform. Then, in order to extract real input frequency unambiguously and uniquely, the maximum tolerable amount of frequency error is determined from under-sampled sinusoidal real waveform. Moreover, we improve the previous method for frequency determination from under-sampled sinusoidal complex waveform. Finally, performance of the proposed schemes is verified by some simulation results.
A Case-Only Study of Vulnerability to Heat Wave–Related Mortality in New York City (2000–2011)

Background As a result of climate change, the frequency of extreme temperature events is expected to increase, and such events are associated with increased morbidity and mortality. Vulnerability patterns, and corresponding adaptation strategies, are most usefully conceptualized at a local level. Methods We used a case-only analysis to examine subject and neighborhood characteristics that modified the association between heat waves and mortality. All deaths of New York City residents from 2000 through 2011 were included in this analysis. Meteorological data were obtained from the National Climatic Data Center. Modifying characteristics were obtained from the death record and geographic data sets. Results A total of 234,042 adult deaths occurred during the warm season of our study period. Compared with other warm-season days, deaths during heat waves were more likely to occur in black (non-Hispanic) individuals than other race/ethnicities [odds ratio (OR) = 1.08; 95% CI: 1.03, 1.12], more likely to occur at home than in institutions and hospital settings (OR = 1.11; 95% CI: 1.06, 1.16), and more likely among those living in census tracts that received greater public assistance (OR = 1.05; 95% CI: 1.01, 1.09). Finally, deaths during heat waves were more likely among residents in areas of the city with higher relative daytime summer surface temperature and less likely among residents living in areas with more green space. Conclusion Mortality during heat waves varies widely within a city. Understanding which individuals and neighborhoods are most vulnerable can help guide local preparedness efforts. Citation Madrigano J, Ito K, Johnson S, Kinney PL, Matte T. 2015. A case-only study of vulnerability to heat wave–related mortality in New York City (2000–2011). Environ Health Perspect 123:672–678; http://dx.doi. org/10.1289/ehp.1408178
Imaging burst kinetics and spatial coordination during serial killing by single natural killer cells

Cytotoxic lymphocytes eliminate virus-infected and cancerous cells by immune recognition and killing through the perforin-granzyme pathway. Traditional killing assays measure average target cell lysis at fixed times and high effector:target ratios. Such assays obscure kinetic details that might reveal novel physiology. We engineered target cells to report on granzyme activity, used very low effector:target ratios to observe potential serial killing, and performed low magnification time-lapse imaging to reveal time-dependent statistics of natural killer (NK) killing at the single-cell level. Most kills occurred during serial killing, and a single NK cell killed up to 10 targets over a 6-h assay. The first kill was slower than subsequent kills, especially on poor targets, or when NK signaling pathways were partially inhibited. Spatial analysis showed that sequential kills were usually adjacent. We propose that NK cells integrate signals from the previous and current target, possibly by simultaneous contact. The resulting burst kinetics and spatial coordination may control the activity of NK cells in tissues.
2-Amino-1-methyl-6-phenylimidazo[4,5-b]pyridine increases the numbers of tumors, cystic crypts and aberrant crypt foci in multiple intestinal neoplasia mice.

The multiple intestinal neoplasia (Min) mice have a mutation in the murine adenomatous polyposis coli (Apc) gene rendering them highly susceptible to spontaneous intestinal adenoma formation, similar to the familial adenomatous polyposis (FAP) syndrome in humans. We studied whether the most abundant mutagenic heterocyclic amine isolated from cooked food, 2-amino-1-methyl-6-phenylimidazo[4,5-b]pyridine (PhIP), could influence early intestinal neoplasia in C57BL/6J-Min/+ and C57BL/6J- +/+ (wild-type) mice of both sexes. PhIP was given in 4 weekly i.p. injections of 50 mg/kg. Ten weeks after the start of the experiment, PhIP had significantly increased the numbers of small tumors and cystic crypts in the proximal section of the small intestine in male Min/+ mice, and the numbers of aberrant crypt foci (ACF) in the large intestines of both males and females. The effects of PhIP were more pronounced in male than in female Min/+ mice. In +/+ mice, no tumors or cystic crypts in the small intestine, and no tumors and only a very few ACF in the large intestine, were induced by PhIP. These results show that a substance frequently present in the human diet is able to enhance the neoplastic process induced by a genetic lesion, which is also commonly found both in inherited and sporadic colon carcinomas in humans.
PyPredT6: A python-based prediction tool for identification of Type VI effector proteins

Prediction of effector proteins is of paramount importance due to their crucial role as first-line invaders while establishing a pathogen-host interaction, often leading to infection of the host. Prediction of T6 effector proteins is a new challenge since the discovery of T6 Secretion System and the unique nature of the particular secretion system. In this paper, we have first designed a Python-based standalone tool, called PyPredT6, to predict T6 effector proteins. A total of 873 unique features has been extracted from the peptide and nucleotide sequences of the experimentally verified effector proteins. Based on these features and using machine learning algorithms, we have performed in silico prediction of T6 effector proteins in Vibrio cholerae and Yersinia pestis to establish the applicability of PyPredT6. PyPredT6 is available at http://projectphd.droppages. com/PyPredT6.html .
PSPICE computer model of a nonlinear three-phase three-legged transformer

This paper proposes a simple, practical PSPICE model of a three-phase, three-legged, saturated transformer with accurate performance. The transformer is modeled with its electric and magnetic equivalent circuits and a simple but reliable characterization of its nonlinear magnetic behavior. Two three-phase transformers of 380/220 V, 7.5 kVA, and 60 kVA, respectively, are studied in order to verify the goodness of the model. The parameters of these transformers are measured in the laboratory, and comparison of the PSPICE model with real measurements has been successful.
From Time Domain to Space Domain: Detecting Replica Attacks in Mobile Ad Hoc Networks

A common vulnerability of wireless networks, in particular, the mobile ad hoc network (MANET), is their susceptibility to node compromise/physical capture attacks since the wireless devices are often not protected by tamper-resistant hardware due to small form factors and low cost, and can be easily stolen/lost or temporarily controlled by unauthorized entities due to their harsh working environments. A serious consequence of the device capture attack is the node replication attacks in which adversaries deploy a large number of replicas of the compromised/captured nodes throughout the network. Replicated nodes have all legitimate security credentials and therefore can launch various insider attacks or even take over the network easily. They are indeed ``attack multipliers'' and therefore are extremely destructive to the network. Detecting replication attacks is a nontrivial problem in MANETs due to the challenges resulted from node mobility, cloned/compromised node collusion, and the large number and wide spread of the replicas. Existing approaches either fail in mobile environments due to the limitations caused by local views or their dependence on invariant claims such as location and neighbor list, or are constrained by the number, distribution, and colluding activities of the replicas. In this paper, we propose two replication detection schemes (TDD and SDD) to tackle all these challenges from both the time domain and the space domain. Our theoretical analysis indicates that TDD and SDD provide high detection accuracy and excellent resilience against smart and colluding replicas, have no restriction on the number and distribution of replicas, and incur low communication/computation overhead. To our best knowledge, TDD and SDD are the only approaches that support mobile networks while place no restrictions on the number and distribution of the cloned frauds and on whether the replicas collude or not.
How to Understand LMMSE Transceiver Design for MIMO Systems From Quadratic Matrix Programming

In this paper, a unified linear minimum mean-square-error (LMMSE) transceiver design framework is investigated, which is suitable for a wide range of wireless systems. The unified design is based on an elegant and powerful mathematical programming technology termed as quadratic matrix programming (QMP). Based on QMP it can be observed that for different wireless systems, there are certain common characteristics which can be exploited to design LMMSE transceivers e.g., the quadratic forms. It is also discovered that evolving from a point-to-point MIMO system to various advanced wireless systems such as multi-cell coordinated systems, multi-user MIMO systems, MIMO cognitive radio systems, amplify-and-forward MIMO relaying systems and so on, the quadratic nature is always kept and the LMMSE transceiver designs can always be carried out via iteratively solving a number of QMP problems. A comprehensive framework on how to solve QMP problems is also given. The work presented in this paper is likely to be the first shoot for the transceiver design for the future ever-changing wireless systems.
Contrasting patterns of mortality and hospital admissions during hot weather and heat waves in Greater London, UK

Background: Epidemiological research has shown that mortality increases during hot weather and heat waves, but little is known about the effect on non-fatal outcomes in the UK. Aims and Methods: The effects of hot weather and heat waves on emergency hospital admissions were investigated in Greater London, UK, for a range of causes and age groups. Time series analyses were conducted of daily emergency hospital admissions, 1 April 1994 to 31 March 2000, using autoregressive Poisson models with adjustment for long term trend, season, day of week, public holidays, the Christmas period, influenza, relative humidity, air pollution (ozone, PM10), and overdispersion. The effects of heat were modelled using the average of the daily mean temperature over the index and previous two days. Results: There was no clear evidence of a relation between total emergency hospital admissions and high ambient temperatures, although there was evidence for heat related increases in emergency admissions for respiratory and renal disease, in children under 5, and for respiratory disease in the 75+ age group. During the heat wave of 29 July to 3 August 1995, hospital admissions showed a small non-significant increase: 2.6% (95% CI −2.2 to 7.6), while daily mortality rose by 10.8% (95% CI 2.8 to 19.3) after adjusting for time varying confounders. Conclusions: The impact of hot weather on mortality is not paralleled by similar magnitude increases in hospital admissions in the UK, which supports the hypothesis that many heat related deaths occur in people before they come to medical attention. This has evident implications for public health, and merits further enquiry.