Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Hybrid model using subspace distribution clustering hidden Markov models and semi-continuous hidden Markov models for embedded speech recognizers

Today’s state-of-the-art speech recognition systems typically use continuous density hidden Markov models with mixture of Gaussian distributions. Such speech recognition systems have problems; they require too much memory to run, and are too slow for large vocabulary applications. Two approaches are proposed for the design of compact acoustic models, namely, subspace distribution clustering hidden Markov models and semi-continuous hidden Markov models. However, these models require also large memory to acquire high recognition accuracy. In this paper, we propose a new hybrid model using subspace distribution clustering hidden Markov model and semi-continuous hidden Markov model with the aim of achieving much more compact acoustic models.
Editing mathematical formulae

An editor is described whose purpose is to assist in preparing and printing complex mathematical formulae. A picture of the current formula is displayed on a screen, and changes are made by manipulating the picture. The user may introduce mathematical entities such as fractions and integrals, and their sizes and layouts are adjusted automatically by the editor. A prototype implementation is described.
Foundations and Extensions for the Extended Model: More on Implicit and Explicit Forms of Emotion Regulation

Gross’s Extended Process Model of Emotion Regulation (or EPM) draws on insights from the psychology of action control to consider not just the strategies that people use to regulate their emotions, but also how people decide when and how to regulate, and go about implementing their chosen strategy. This commentary seeks to extend the action control perspective on emotion regulation even further to connect the EPM with extant frameworks on self-regulation. In this regard, we consider the relation between emotions and behavior, conflict between emotional goals, the nature of the reference value toward which regulation is directed, and the dynamics of emotion regulation. We then consider two issues only touched on by Gross’s review – automatic (or implicit) emotion regulation and (ii) interpersonal (or extrinsic) emotion regulation.
Leadership in small schools: supporting the power of collaboration

same time, critics have raised concerns about the limited opportunities for large peer group socialisation and about the limited range of teacher expertise and opportunities for teacher continuing professional development (CPD). Of special interest here is the enduring concern about the extreme pressure on headteachers combining a major teaching load with full management and leadership responsibilities. Many of the anxieties regarding the pupil experience have been put to rest as a result of Ofsted inspections. Ofsted (2002) showed that small schools have at least held their own in terms of the quality of pupil experience and the quantum of pupil achievement. Whilst at the mercy of the disproportionate effects of a weak teacher and frequently having the poorest facilities, small schools have shown great ingenuity in overcoming their difficulties and finding imaginative solutions to compensate for their limited facilities. These solutions have mainly involved various forms of school-toschool collaboration.
Gender and welfare state change

This paper suggests first, that in the recent literature on welfare states, while family change has received considerable attention, the issue of gender equality has not. Second, it examines the nature of welfare state change, in particular the recasting of the work/welfare relationship, focusing on the UK in comparative perspective. Building on Peter Hall's (1993) framework, the paper argues that the policy developments associated with the new work/welfare relationship represent very different levels of change in different countries. Nevertheless, from a gender perspective, it is argued that the changes amount to a modification of the masculinist model of work and welfare and its generalization to women. This has profound (and sometimes ambiguous) implications for women's role as unpaid carers. Finally, the paper suggests that a gender-centred model of welfare state change highlights the need to develop policies that value and redistribute care work, and in particular that address the issue of time.
Performance of the QZ Algorithm in the Presence of Infinite Eigenvalues

The implicitly shifted (bulge-chasing) QZ algorithm is the most popular method for solving the generalized eigenvalue problem $Av=\lambda Bv$. This paper explains why the QZ algorithm functions well even in the presence of infinite eigenvalues. The key to rapid convergence of QZ (and QR) algorithms is the effective transmission of shifts during the bulge chase. In this paper the mechanism of transmission of shifts is identified, and it is shown that this mechanism is not disrupted by the presence of infinite eigenvalues. Both the QZ algorithm and the preliminary reduction to Hessenberg-triangular form tend to push the infinite eigenvalues toward the top of the pencil. Thus they should be deflated at the top.
Site specific replacements of a single loop nucleoside with a dibenzyl linker may switch the activity of TBA from anticoagulant to antiproliferative

Many antiproliferative G-quadruplexes (G4s) arise from the folding of GT-rich strands. Among these, the Thrombin Binding Aptamer (TBA), as a rare example, adopts a monomolecular well-defined G4 structure. Nevertheless, the potential anticancer properties of TBA are severely hampered by its anticoagulant action and, consequently, no related studies have appeared so far in the literature. We wish to report here that suitable chemical modifications in the TBA sequence can preserve its antiproliferative over anticoagulant activity. Particularly, we replaced one residue of the TT or TGT loops with a dibenzyl linker to develop seven new quadruplex-forming TBA based sequences (TBA-bs), which were studied for their structural (CD, CD melting, 1D NMR) and biological (fibrinogen, PT and MTT assays) properties. The three-dimensional structures of the TBA-bs modified at T13 (TBA-bs13) or T12 (TBA-bs12), the former endowed with selective antiproliferative activity, and the latter acting as potently as TBA in both coagulation and MTT assays, were further studied by 2D NMR restrained molecular mechanics. The comparative structural analyses indicated that neither the stability, nor the topology of the G4s, but the different localization of the two benzene rings of the linker was responsible for the loss of the antithrombin activity for TBA-bs13.
The association of vitamin D deficiency with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease

OBJECTIVE: Vitamin D deficiency has been related to diabetes, hypertension, hyperlipidemia and peripheral vascular disease. In this study, we aimed to investigate the role of vitamin D status in non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. METHODS: We included 211 consecutive subjects to examine the presence of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. Of these subjects, 57 did not have non-alcoholic fatty liver disease and 154 had non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. RESULTS: The non-alcoholic fatty liver disease group had significantly higher fasting blood glucose (p = 0.005), uric acid (p = 0.001), aspartate aminotransferase (p<0.001), alanine aminotransferase (p<0.001), γ-glutamyltransferase (p<0.0001), alkaline phosphatase (p = 0.028), HbA1c (p<0.001), ferritin (p<0.001), insulin (p = 0.016), C-peptide (p = 0.001), HOMA-IR (p = 0.003), total cholesterol (p = 0.001), triglyceride (p = 0.001) and white blood cell (p = 0.04) levels. In contrast, the non-alcoholic fatty liver disease group had significantly lower 25(OH)D levels (12.3±8.9 ng/dl, p<0.001) compared with those of the control group (20±13.6 ng/dl). CONCLUSIONS: In this study, we found lower serum 25(OH)D levels in patients with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease than in subjects without non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. To establish causality between vitamin D and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease, further interventional studies with a long-term follow-up are needed.
Origin and evolution of North American polyploid Silene (Caryophyllaceae).

Nuclear DNA sequences from introns of the low-copy nuclear gene family encoding the second largest subunit of RNA polymerases and the ribosomal internal transcribed spacer (ITS) regions, combined with the psbE-petL spacer and the rps16 intron from the chloroplast genome were used to infer origins and phylogenetic relationships of North American polyploid Silene species and their closest relatives. Although the vast majority of North American Silene species are polyploid, which contrasts to the diploid condition dominating in other parts of the world, the phylogenetic analyses rejected a single origin of the North American polyploids. One lineage consists of tetraploid Silene menziesii and its diploid allies. A second lineage, Physolychnis s.l. , consists of Arctic, European, Asian, and South American taxa in addition to the majority of the North American polyploids. The hexaploid S. hookeri is derived from an allopolyploidization between these two lineages. The tetraploid S. nivea does not belong to any of these lineages, but is closely related to the European diploid S. baccifera. The poor resolution within Physolychnis s.l. may be attributed to rapid radiation, recombination among homoeologues, homoplasy, or any combination of these factors. No extant diploid donors could be identified in Physolychnis s.l.
[Endoscopic calcaneoplasty (ECP) in Haglund's syndrome. Indication, surgical technique, surgical findings and results].

INTRODUCTION Posterior calcaneal exostosis treatment modalities have given rise to many controversial opinions. After failure of the conservative treatment, surgical bursectomy and resection of the calcaneal exostosis are indicated by many authors. But clinical studies also show a high rate of unsatisfactory results with a relative high incidence of complications. The minimally invasive surgical technique by an endoscopic calcaneoplasty (ECP) could be an option to overcome some of these problems. MATERIAL AND METHOD Between 1999 und 2010 we operated 164 patients with an age range between 16 and 67 years, 81 males and 83 females. The radiological examination prior to surgery documented in all cases a posterior superior calcaneal exostosis that showed friction to the Achilles tendon. All patients included in the study had no clinical varus of the hind foot, nor cavus deformities. All patients had undergone a trial of conservative treatment for at least 6 months and did not show a positive response. The average follow-up was 46.3 (range: 8-120) months. RESULTS According to the Ogilvie-Harris score 71 patients presented good and 84 patients excellent results, while 5 patients showed fair results, and 4 patients only poor results. All the post-operative radiographs showed sufficient resection of the calcaneal spur. In 61 patients the preoperative MRI showed a partial rupture of the Achilles tendon close to the insertion side. In no case could we observe a complete tear at the time of follow-up. Only minor postoperative complications were observed. In many patients we could observe a chondral layer at the posterior aspect of the calcaneus. Close to the intersion the Achilles tendon showed also in many patients a chondroide metaplasia. CONCLUSION ECP is an effective and minimally invasive procedure for the treatment of patients with calcaneal exostosis. After a short learning curve the endoscopic exposure is superior to the open technique, has less morbidity, less operating time, and nearly no complications. Moreover, the pathology can be better differentiated.
MODELLING 3D OBJECTS USING WEAK CSG PRIMITIVES

There have been numerous approaches to automatically extract man-made objects from images or laser scan data in the past. Many efforts have been put into the detection and measurement of object parts. However, putting those parts together in such a way that a topologically correct object representation is obtained – which additionally meets certain regularization conditions – has not been addressed in a satisfactory manner. In this paper, following a review of existing methods for obtaining roof topologies of buildings, an approach termed ‘weak constructive solid geometry (CSG) primitives’ is proposed. This approach is intended to fill the gap between B-rep and CSG modelling, combining advantages of both.
Alcoholics anonymous and twelve-step recovery: A model based on social and cognitive neuroscience.

BACKGROUND In the course of achieving abstinence from alcohol, longstanding members of Alcoholics Anonymous (AA) typically experience a change in their addiction-related attitudes and behaviors. These changes are reflective of physiologically grounded mechanisms which can be investigated within the disciplines of social and cognitive neuroscience. OBJECTIVE This article is designed to examine recent findings associated with these disciplines that may shed light on the mechanisms underlying this change. METHOD Literature review and hypothesis development. RESULTS Pertinent aspects of the neural impact of drugs of abuse are summarized. After this, research regarding specific brain sites, elucidated primarily by imaging techniques, is reviewed relative to the following: Mirroring and mentalizing are described in relation to experimentally modeled studies on empathy and mutuality, which may parallel the experiences of social interaction and influence on AA members. Integration and retrieval of memories acquired in a setting like AA are described, and are related to studies on storytelling, models of self-schema development, and value formation. A model for ascription to a Higher Power is presented. CONCLUSION The phenomena associated with AA reflect greater complexity than the empirical studies on which this article is based, and certainly require further elucidation. Despite this substantial limitation in currently available findings, there is heuristic value in considering the relationship between the brain-based and clinical phenomena described here. SCIENTIFIC SIGNIFICANCE There are opportunities for the study of neuroscientific correlates of Twelve-Step-based recovery, and these can potentially enhance our understanding of related clinical phenomena. (Am J Addict 2013;XX:1-8).
Theories of Regulation

Neo-Schumpeterian, world system, and regulation approaches to the analysis of structural change in advanced capitalist societies are distinguished and the development of theories of regulation and their connection with Marx's conception of capitalism are outlined, A synthetic account of the structure of theories of regulation is presented and is used to discuss the development and the crisis of Fordism. The macroeconomic character of these theories and the macroeconomic evidence that supports them is emphasised as are the difficulties encountered in analysing the internationalisation of advanced capitalist economies.
The impact of scandal on sport consumption: a conceptual framework for future research

Scandal has become an increasingly prominent sports phenomenon. All major sports competitions around the globe face scandals on a continuing basis; however, there is little research about the nature of scandal and its impacts on consumer behaviour. Drawing on the extant sports consumption literature, we develop a conceptual model of scandal and its impacts on sports consumption activities (ticket sales, viewership, merchandise sales). We then extend this model through examples of a sport scandal to propose the major dimensions of the scandal construct. Our goal in this paper is to develop a conceptual framework that is useful for future research of the scandal-consumption relationship.
Loss of SOCS3 expression in T cells reveals a regulatory role for interleukin-17 in atherosclerosis

Atherosclerosis is an inflammatory vascular disease responsible for the first cause of mortality worldwide. Recent studies have clearly highlighted the critical role of the immunoinflammatory balance in the modulation of disease development and progression. However, the immunoregulatory pathways that control atherosclerosis remain largely unknown. We show that loss of suppressor of cytokine signaling (SOCS) 3 in T cells increases both interleukin (IL)-17 and IL-10 production, induces an antiinflammatory macrophage phenotype, and leads to unexpected IL-17–dependent reduction in lesion development and vascular inflammation. In vivo administration of IL-17 reduces endothelial vascular cell adhesion molecule–1 expression and vascular T cell infiltration, and significantly limits atherosclerotic lesion development. In contrast, overexpression of SOCS3 in T cells reduces IL-17 and accelerates atherosclerosis. We also show that in human lesions, increased levels of signal transducer and activator of transcription (STAT) 3 phosphorylation and IL-17 are associated with a stable plaque phenotype. These results identify novel SOCS3-controlled IL-17 regulatory pathways in atherosclerosis and may have important implications for the understanding of the increased susceptibility to vascular inflammation in patients with dominant-negative STAT3 mutations and defective Th17 cell differentiation.
Modeling impact of electric field and strain on the leakage of embedded SiGe source/drain junctions

A study of the leakage current in strained p+n Si1−xGex/Si hetero-junctions is presented. The reduction in the band gap, induced by stress forces, and the doping level at the hetero-interface, due to the use of halo implantations, are varied by changing the recess depth. A comparison between simulation results and experimental data is presented to analyze the validity of the models used in this work.
Civic Engagement, Pedagogy, and Information Technology on Web Sites for Youth

Scholars of political socialization are paying increasing attention to how the Internet might help cure the civic disengagement of youth. This content analysis of a sample of 73 U.S.-based civic Web sites for youth introduces a framework for evaluating Web sites' strategies for fostering active communication for citizenship. We offer the first systematic assessment of the extent to which a broad range of Web sites aim to develop young people's abilities to use information and communication technology (ICT) as a vehicle for civic participation and to engage with ICT as a policy domain that encompasses issues (such as freedom of speech and intellectual property rights) that shape the conditions for popular sovereignty online. The study finds low levels of interactive features (such as message boards) that allow young people to share editorial control by offering their own content. In addition, few sites employ active pedagogical techniques (such as simulations) that research suggests are most effective at developing civic knowledge, skills, and participation. We also find little attention to ICT policy issues, which could engage budding citizens in debates over the formative conditions for political communication in the information age. We conclude with suggestions for civic Web site designers and hypotheses for user studies to test.
Choreoathetosis related to lithium intoxication

A 76‐year old woman was admitted because of severe gait ataxia and dysarthric speech that had worsened over the last 24 h. The patient was initially suspected of having repeated transitory ischemic attacks (TIAs) as her daughter reported a similar episode that had happened 3 weeks prior to admission. The onset of spontaneous twisting, choreoathetotic movements of both hands and arms and worsening of symptoms one hour after admission together with a history of lithium therapy lead to the correct diagnosis and appropriate treatment.
Ordering and decomposition in the high-temperature superconducting compound YBa2Cu3Ox.

The method of concentration waves is applied to structural transformations in superconduc~g Y -Ba-Cu oxide. The method predicts an ordering reaction that re sults in a tetragonal-to-orthorhombic phase transformation, and also yields the correct structure of the YBa2Cu307 orthorhombic ordered phase. The results suggest that at low temperature the off-stoichiometric orthorhombic phase is thermodynamically un stable with respect to secondary decomposition into a mixture of ordered orthorhom bic and disordered tetragonal phases, whose microstructure can be anticipated. The structure of the high-Tc Y-Ba-Cu-0 superconducting oxide has recently been determined by neutron diffraction [1.2] and is shown in an idealized form in Figure 1. The results imply a stoichiometric composition: YBa2Cu307. While the source of the high superconducting critical temperature is not fully understood, it is apparently asso ciated with the ordering of the oxygen atoms in the basal plane of the unit cell into alternate rows of filled and empty oxygen sites. The asymmetric distribution of oxygen in the basal plane causes an orthorhombic distortion of the structure that is observed at low temperature. The structure transforms reversibly from tetragonal to orthorhombic symmetry at about 75QO C [3,4,5].
Strategy Selection and Metacognition

The concept of metacognition is one of the most important developments in the contemporary study of cognition, especially with regard to problem solving and the transfer of cognitive skills. Its study has followed the experimental paradigm with researchers looking for universal principles; metacognition has only a small role to play in looking for explanations of individual differences in cognition. In this paper we are attempting a theoretical analysis of a number of interrelated issues with regard to their importance for metacognition in the light of some current empirical work. It considers mainly the role of these processes in strategy selection, especially in light of the impasse‐based theories of problem solving, and explores the relationship of individual differences to metacognition.
State of the Art in Cardiac Intervention: A Case Report

The first acute myocardial infarction (MI) of an elderly male was determined through angiography to be due to an infarct of the circumflex artery. The angiogram also revealed chronic occlusion and diffuse disease of the left anterior descending artery (LAD). This had been compensated for by collateral circulation from the right coronary artery. Since the patient had no prior history of coronary artery disease, the chronic and collateralized disease of the LAD was presumed to be stable and this artery was not treated. Due to a history of aspirin intolerance a bare metal stent was implanted in the circumflex artery. Within hours after stenting the patient had a second acute MI. Despite no change in the angiogram, the EKG suggested that the LAD was the source of the second MI. Indeed, a drug-eluting stent implanted in the LAD resolved the patient’s signs and symptoms and he was discharged with a favorable outcome. The surprising second MI and the inconsistent stenting illustrate that when the unexpected occurs, there is no substitute for the judgment of a skilled clinician.
Job stress in two different care-giving contexts: A study of professional and semi-professional health personnel in Norway

Abstract The study examined the relationship between priorities in job tasks and stress-related experiences among health workers in long-term care (n = 322). Employees' priorities were measured in terms of role orientation, represented by two different ‘profiles’: expressive and instrumental role orientation. Job stress assessed included potential workload and emotional involvement. Stress-related experiences assessed were psychosomatic and interpersonal consequences. Sub-group analyses were used to test the nature of the relationship between stressors and the criterion variables in the study. The sub-group analyses indicated that role orientation only partially moderated the relationship between job stressors and employees' stress-related experiences. It was in relation to emotional involvement that role orientation was a relatively strong moderator.