Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The National Library of Medicine indexer assignment dataset: A new large‐scale dataset for reviewer assignment research

MEDLINE is the National Library of Medicine's (NLM) journal citation database. It contains over 28 million references to biomedical and life science journal articles, and a key feature of the database is that all articles are indexed with NLM Medical Subject Headings (MeSH). The library employs a team of MeSH indexers, and in recent years they have been asked to index close to 1 million articles per year in order to keep MEDLINE up to date. An important part of the MEDLINE indexing process is the assignment of articles to indexers. High quality and timely indexing is only possible when articles are assigned to indexers with suitable expertise. This article introduces the NLM indexer assignment dataset: a large dataset of 4.2 million indexer article assignments for articles indexed between 2011 and 2019. The dataset is shown to be a valuable testbed for expert matching and assignment algorithms, and indexer article assignment is also found to be useful domain‐adaptive pre‐training for the closely related task of reviewer assignment.
Constraints on the Equation-of-State of neutron stars from nearby neutron star observations

We try to constrain the Equation-of-State (EoS) of supra-nuclear-density matter in neutron stars (NSs) by observations of nearby NSs. There are seven thermally emitting NSs known from X-ray and optical observations, the so-called Magnificent Seven (M7), which are young (up to few Myrs), nearby (within a few hundred pc), and radio-quiet with blackbody-like X-ray spectra, so that we can observe their surfaces. As bright X-ray sources, we can determine their rotational (pulse) period and their period derivative from X-ray timing. From XMM and/or Chandra X-ray spectra, we can determine their temperature. With precise astrometric observations using the Hubble Space Telescope, we can determine their parallax (i.e. distance) and optical flux. From flux, distance, and temperature, one can derive the emitting area - with assumptions about the atmosphere and/or temperature distribution on the surface. This was recently done by us for the two brightest M7 NSs RXJ1856 and RXJ0720. Then, from identifying absorption lines in X-ray spectra, one can also try to determine gravitational redshift. Also, from rotational phase-resolved spectroscopy, we have for the first time determined the compactness (mass/radius) of the M7 NS RBS1223. If also applied to RXJ1856, radius (from luminosity and temperature) and compactness (from X-ray data) will yield the mass and radius - for the first time for an isolated single neutron star. We will present our observations and recent results.
Role of electron localization in density functionals

We introduce a new functional for simulating ground-state and time-dependent electronic systems within density-functional theory. The functional combines an expression for the exact Kohn-Sham (KS) potential in the limit of complete electron localization with a measure of the actual localization. We find accurate self-consistent charge densities, even for systems where the exact exchange-correlation potential exhibits non-local dependence on the density, such as potential steps. We compare our results to the exact KS potential for each system. The self-interaction correction is accurately described, avoiding the need for orbital-dependent potentials.
Bandpass Filtering Power Amplifier With Wide Stopband and High Out-of-Band Rejection

In this brief, a power amplifier (PA) with excellent integrated filtering characteristics is presented. The designed process is based on a novel impedance transformer (IT) consisting of cascaded coupled-line sections with stubs. The proposed IT generates four transmission zeros (TZs), which not only greatly improves the frequency selectivity, but also improves the second harmonic suppression performance, further enhancing the linearity of the PA. For demonstration, a bandpass filtering PA is designed, fabricated, and measured. The designed PA exhibits both good filtering bandpass response and power amplification. The rejection levels are larger than 59.7 and 69 dB for the lower and higher suppression bands. Meanwhile, the measured drain efficiency (DE) of the constructed PA is 58.5%-73% with a large-signal gain of 8.9-10.2 dB at 1.85-2.1 GHz. Besides, using a 20 MHz long-term evolution signal as the driving signal for the PA, the adjacent channel power ratio is lower than −57.8 dBc.
Composite disturbance observer-based backstepping stabilisation for 3-DOF ship-borne platform with unknown disturbances

ABSTRACT A composite anti-disturbance stabilisation control scheme is presented for the ship-borne platform system with completely unknown disturbances. The completely unknown disturbances consist of external time-varying disturbances and norm-bounded unmodelled dynamics. The composite anti-disturbance control scheme is built through integrating the nonlinear disturbance observer and the robustifying term with the vectorial backstepping technique. The nonlinear disturbance observer is designed to provide the on-line estimations of external time-varying disturbances such that the disturbance compensation term is introduced into the control design. The robustifying term with the adaptive law is employed to attenuate norm-bounded unmodelled dynamics. On the basis of the vectorial backstepping technique, the composite anti-disturbance control law is derived. The composite anti-disturbance control structure consists of the outer layer with the nonlinear disturbance observer for external time-varying disturbance cancellation as well as the inner layer with the vectorial backstepping control together with the robustifying term for unmodelled dynamic attenuation. By means of the Lyapunov stability theory, it is proven that the composite anti-disturbance stabilisation controller can achieve the disturbance rejection and attenuation simultaneously. It is verified by illustrative simulations that the composite anti-disturbance stabilisation control scheme can effectively stabilise the ship-borne stabilisation platform.
Facebook for Sentiment Analysis: Baseline Models to Predict Facebook Reactions of Sinhala Posts

— Research on natural language processing in most regional languages is hindered due to resource poverty. A possible solution for this is utilization of social media data in research. For example, the Facebook network allows its users to record their reactions to text via a typology of emotions. This network, taken at scale, is therefore a prime dataset of annotated sentiment data. This paper uses millions of such reactions, derived from a decade worth of Facebook post data centred around a Sri Lankan context, to model an eye of the beholder approach to sentiment detection for online Sinhala textual content. Three different sentiment analysis models are built, taking into account a limited subset of reactions, all reactions, and another that derives a positive/negative star rating value. The efficacy of these models in capturing the reactions of the observers are then computed and discussed. The analysis reveals that the Star Rating Model , for Sinhala content, is significantly more accurate (0.82) than the other approaches. The inclusion of the like reaction is discovered to hinder the capability of accurately predicting other reactions. Furthermore, this study provides evidence for the applicability of social media data to eradicate the resource poverty surrounding languages such as Sinhala.
Mimetic covariant renormalizable gravity

Covariant renormalizable gravity is a Horava-like extension of general relativity, enjoying full diffeomorphism invariance. However, the price to pay in order to maintain both covariance and renormalizability is the presence of an unknown fluid, whose non-standard coupling dynamically breaks Lorentz invariance. In this brief work we identify and explain the nature of this fluid, which we note describes the conformal mode of gravity, and arises naturally in frameworks such as that of mimetic gravity. Finally, we lay out extensions of the covariant Horava-like model, which can serve as a guide for future model-building in this area.
Analytical computation of the Mercury perihelion precession via the relativistic gravitational law and comparison with general relativity

Let $r(\varphi)$ denote the orbit of Mercury. We compare the formulae obtained via general relativity for $r(\varphi)$ and for the corresponding perihelion precession angle $\Delta \varphi$, with the formulae obtained via the relativistic gravitational law, $F=GMm\gamma^6/r^2$. The latter law can be derived from Newton's gravitational law by employing the gravitational rather than the rest masses of the Sun and Mercury. Remarkably, it is found that the two expressions for the dominant part of $r(\varphi)$ are identical and that the two expressions for $\Delta\varphi$ are also identical.
Spectroscopic signatures of magnetospheric accretion in Herbig Ae/Be stars. I. The case of HD101412

Models of magnetically-driven accretion and outflows reproduce many observational properties of T Tauri stars. This concept is not well established for the more massive Herbig Ae/Be stars. We intend to examine the magnetospheric accretion in Herbig Ae/Be stars and search for rotational modulation using spectroscopic signatures, in this first paper concentrating on the well-studied Herbig Ae star HD101412. We used near-infrared spectroscopic observations of the magnetic Herbig Ae star HD101412 to test the magnetospheric character of its accretion disk/star interaction. We reduced and analyzed 30 spectra of HD101412, acquired with the CRIRES and X-shooter spectrographs installed at the VLT (ESO, Chile). The spectroscopic analysis was based on the He I lambda 10,830 and Pa gamma lines, formed in the accretion region. We found that the temporal behavior of these diagnostic lines in the near-infrared spectra of HD101412 can be explained by rotational modulation of line profiles generated by accreting gas with a period P = 20.53+-1.68 d. The discovery of this period, about half of the magnetic rotation period P_m = 42.076 d previously determined from measurements of the mean longitudinal magnetic field, indicates that the accreted matter falls onto the star in regions close to the magnetic poles intersecting the line-of-sight two times during the rotation cycle. We intend to apply this method to a larger sample of Herbig Ae/Be stars.
Missing black holes in brightest cluster galaxies as evidence for the occurrence of superkicks in nature

We investigate the consequences of superkicks on the population of supermassive black holes (SMBHs) in the Universe residing in brightest cluster galaxies (BCGs). There is strong observational evidence that BCGs grew prominently at late times (up to a factor 2-4 in mass from z = 1), mainly through mergers with satellite galaxies from the cluster, and they are known to host the most massive SMBHs ever observed. Those SMBHs are also expected to grow hierarchically, experiencing a series of mergers with other SMBHs brought in by merging satellites. Because of the net linear momentum taken away from the asymmetric gravitational wave emission, the remnant SMBH experiences a kick in the opposite direction. Kicks may be as large as 5000 Km s -1 (“superkicks”), pushing the SMBHs out in the cluster outskirts for a time comparable to galaxy-evolution timescales. We predict, under a number of plausible assumptions, that superkicks can efficiently eject SMBHs from BCGs, bringing their occupation fraction down to a likely range 0:9 < f < 0:99 in the local Universe. Future thirty-meter-class telescopes like ELT and TMT will be capable of measuring SMBHs in hundreds of BCGs up to z = 0:2, testing the occurrence of superkicks in nature and the strong-gravity regime of SMBH mergers.
Application of Learning Model: Problem-based Learning to Increase Learning Outcomes in Budget Plan Subject

This study aims to describe instrument validity, learning outcomes using conventional learning models, learning outcomes using Problem Based Learning models, and differences in learning outcomes between the two learning models on the subject of Budget Plan at SMKN 1 Glagah Banyuwangi. This type of research is quantitative with a quasi-experimental method. The experimental design refers to the Non-equivalent Control Group Design model. The sample involved was 60 students taken from class XI DPIB SMKN 1 Glagah Banyuwangi and divided into 2 classes, namely the experimental and control classes. The number of students per class is 30 students. Data collection in this study was carried out through instrument validation questionnaires and post-tests. Data analysis was carried out through normality test as a prerequisite test and paired samples test as hypothesis testing. This study shows the results in the form of the validity of the instruments used, which are in very good agreement with the syllabus validation of 87%, lesson plans of 85%, and post-test questions of 85%. The learning outcomes of the control class were categorized with an average of 84.33, while the experimental class was 90 which was included in the good category. The application of the Problem Based Learning learning model that was carried out in the experimental class got a higher score with a difference of 5.67. Paired samples test through SPSS software showed a significance result of 0.002 or less than 0.005. Based on the results of hypothesis testing, it can be concluded that Ha is accepted which indicates a significant influence between the implementation of Problem Based Learning and conventional learning
Superconductivity in graphene-lithium

We present first-principles calculations on systems consisting of a few layers of graphene and lithium. In particular, we investigate the evolution of the electron–phonon coupling strength with increasing number of layers. We find that, for intercalated systems such as C6-Li-C6 or C6-Li-C6-Li-C6, the electron–phonon coupling is weak. However, for systems of equal number of graphene and lithium layers, such as C6-Li or C6-Li-C6-Li, the electron–phonon coupling is strong. We investigate the optimal configuration that yields the highest superconducting transition temperature.
Analyzing Acoustic Characteristics of Voice for Children With Cleft Palate With and Without Compensatory Error Compared to Normal Children

Background and Objectives: Voice assessment is one of the five universal parameters in assessing the speech ability of children with cleft palate. One of the characteristics of cleft palate children is the production of compensatory errors. This study aims to compare the acoustic characteristics of the voice, including fundamental frequency, jitter, shimmer, and average harmonic to noise ratio in cleft palate children compared to their normal peers. Methods: A total of 38 children in the age range of 48 to 60 months (17 children with cleft palate and 21 normal peers) participated in this descriptive-analytical and cross-sectional study. The children were asked to produce sustained vowels /a/ and /i/ while their speech samples were being recorded. The acoustic characteristics of the children’s voices were analyzed via the Praat software. Results: There were no statistically significant differences in acoustic parameters between the cleft palate children with and without compensatory errors. There were significant differences between children with cleft palate compared to their normal peers in the jitter averages of the vowel /a/ (P=0.05). The gender differences were found in the harmonic to noise ratio averages of the vowel /a/ between children with cleft palate (P=0.02). Conclusion: Young children with velopharyngeal insufficiency may be at risk of voice problems.
Maximizing information on the environment by dynamically controlled qubit probes

We explore the ability of a qubit probe to characterize unknown parameters of its environment. By resorting to quantum estimation theory, we analytically find the ultimate bound on the precision of estimating key parameters of a broad class of ubiquitous environmental noises ("baths") which the qubit may probe. These include the probe-bath coupling strength, the correlation time of generic bath spectra, the power laws governing these spectra, as well as their dephasing times T2. Our central result is that by optimizing the dynamical control on the probe under realistic constraints one may attain the maximal accuracy bound on the estimation of these parameters by the least number of measurements possible. Applications of this protocol that combines dynamical control and estimation theory tools to quantum sensing are illustrated for a nitrogen-vacancy center in diamond used as a probe.
DEEP HE ii AND C iv SPECTROSCOPY OF A GIANT LYα NEBULA: DENSE COMPACT GAS CLUMPS IN THE CIRCUMGALACTIC MEDIUM OF A z ∼ 2 QUASAR

The recent discovery by Cantalupo et al. of the largest (∼500 kpc) luminous (L ≃ 1.43 × 1045 erg s−1) Lyα nebula associated with the quasar UM287 (z = 2.279) poses a great challenge to our current understanding of the astrophysics of the halos hosting massive z ∼ 2 galaxies. Either an enormous reservoir of cool gas is required M ≃ 1012 M⊙, exceeding the expected baryonic mass available, or one must invoke extreme gas clumping factors not present in high-resolution cosmological simulations. However, observations of Lyα emission alone cannot distinguish between these two scenarios. We have obtained the deepest ever spectroscopic integrations in the He ii λ1640 and C iv λ1549 emission lines with the goal of detecting extended line emission, but detect neither line to a 3σ limiting SB ≃ 10−18 erg s−1 cm−2 arcsec−2. We construct simple models of the expected emission spectrum in the highly probable scenario that the nebula is powered by photoionization from the central hyper-luminous quasar. The non-detection of He ii implies that the nebular emission arises from a mass Mc ≲ 6.4 × 1010 M⊙ of cool gas on ∼200 kpc scales, distributed in a population of remarkably dense (nH ≳ 3 cm−3) and compact (R ≲ 20 pc) clouds, which would clearly be unresolved by current cosmological simulations. Given the large gas motions suggested by the Lyα line (v ≃ 500 km s−1), it is unclear how these clouds survive without being disrupted by hydrodynamic instabilities. Our work serves as a benchmark for future deep integrations with current and planned wide-field IFU spectrographs such as MUSE, KCWI, and KMOS. Our observations and models suggest that a ≃10 hr exposure would likely detect ∼10 rest-frame UV/optical emission lines, opening up the possibility of conducting detailed photoionization modeling to infer the physical state of gas in the circumgalactic medium.
Association between History of Prolonged Exclusive Breast-Feeding and the Lung Function Indices in Childhood

Although the propitious effects of breastfeeding on children’s health are indisputable, the impact of exclusive breastfeeding on the lung function later in life remains controversial. Our objective was to explore the possible associations between breastfeeding and the lung function of children who were exclusively breastfed for an extensive period of time. This was a cross-sectional study of children who were exclusively breastfed for more than 12 months. Demographics and anthropometric data were collected; the body mass index (BMI), % body fat, and % central obesity were calculated; and all the participants underwent standard spirometry with reversibility testing. The relationship between breastfeeding duration and spirometric parameters was assessed by Spearman’s correlation and multivariable regression, after adjustment for other confounders. Forty-six children (21 boys), aged 9.2 ± 2.4 years, with a reported breastfeeding duration of 27.5 ± 12.5 months (range 12–60 months) were included; 13% were overweight (none were obese) and 21.7% had central obesity. The average FEV1 was 104.7 ± 10.4% and the average FEF25-75 was 107.9 ± 13.3%. The duration of exclusive breastfeeding was positively correlated with FEF25-75% (r = 0.422, p = 0.003). Multivariable linear regression analysis confirmed the above finding (beta coefficient 0.478, p = 0.002), independently of age, overweight, and central obesity. No correlation was noted between the duration of breastfeeding and other spirometric parameters. In addition to its favorable impact on the metabolic profile, prolonged exclusive breastfeeding seems to exert a propitious effect on the function of smaller airways throughout childhood.
Gravitational Fluctuations as an Alternative to Inflation

The ability to reproduce the observed matter power spectrum P ( k ) to high accuracy is often considered as a triumph of inflation. In this work, we explore an alternative explanation for the power spectrum based on nonperturbative quantum field-theoretical methods applied to Einstein’s gravity, instead of ones based on inflation models. In particular, the power spectral index, which governs the slope on the P ( k ) graph, can be related to critical scaling exponents derived from the Wilson renormalization group analysis. We find that the derived value fits favorably with the Sloan Digital Sky Survey telescope data. We then make use of the transfer functions, based only on the Boltzmann equations, which describe states out of equilibrium, and Einstein’s general relativity, to extrapolate the power spectrum to the Cosmic Microwave Background (CMB) regime. We observe that the results fit rather well with current data. Our approach contrasts with the conventional explanation, which uses inflation to generate the scale-invariant Harrison–Zel’dovich spectrum on CMB scales and uses the transfer function to extrapolate it to the galaxy regime. The results we present here only assume quantum field theory and Einstein’s gravity, and hence provide a competing explanation of the power spectrum, without relying on the assumptions usually associated with inflationary models. At the end, we also outline several testable predictions in this picture that deviate from the conventional picture of inflation and which hopefully will become verifiable in the near future with increasingly accurate measurements.
Effect of Electrode Morphology on Performance of Ionic Actuators Based on Vat Photopolymerized Membranes

Bucky gel electrodes are composed of morphology-determining polyvinylidene difluoride (PVDF) filled with carbon nanotubes (CNT). The electrodes are commonly fabricated via the casting of a CNT dispersion containing PVDF and ionic liquid. In this study, several pore-forming additives such as polyethylene glycol (PEG), dibutyl phthalate (DBP), and the common ionic liquid BMIMBF4 were used to control the morphology of the bucky gel electrodes. The crystalline phase type and content of PVDF in the electrodes were determined by FT-IR and DSC, respectively. SEM revealed a sponge-like structure in the case of the use of BMIMBF4 and a spherulite structure if PEG and DBP were used as additives. A strong influence of morphology on the anisotropic increase in the volume of electrodes upon impregnation with electrolyte was observed. The PEG-based electrode elongated more than the others, while the BMIMBF4-based electrode thickened to a greater extent. Ionic actuators were fabricated to experimentally reveal the effect of electrode morphology on their electromechanical efficiency. A high-precision vat photopolymerization technique was used to fabricate identical ionic membranes and minimize their influence on the properties of the actuators. The electrodes were characterized by the same porosity and electrical capacitance, while the actuators differ significantly in performance. As a result, a simple method of using pore-forming additives made it possible to increase the maximum deformation of bucky gel ionic actuators by 1.5 times by changing the morphology of the electrodes.