Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
A rate control mechanism for packet video in the Internet

Datagram networks such as the Internet do not provide guaranteed resources such as bandwidth or guaranteed performance measures such as maximum delay. One way to support packet video in these networks is to use feedback mechanisms that adapt the output rate of video coders based on the state of the network. The authors present one such mechanism. They describe the feedback information, and how it is used by the coder control algorithm. They also examine how the need to operate in a multicast environment impacts the design of the control mechanism. This mechanism has been implemented in the H.261 video coder of IVS. IVS is a videoconference system for the Internet developed at INRIA. Experiments indicate that the control mechanism is well suited to the Internet environment. In particular, it makes it possible to establish and maintain quality videoconferences even across congested connections in the Internet. Furthermore, it prevents video sources from swamping the resources of the Internet, which could lead to unacceptable service to all users of the network. <<ETX>>
IP traffic classification in NFV: A benchmarking of supervised Machine Learning algorithms

The Network Functions Virtualization (NFV) is an emerging solution that improves the flexibility, efficiency, and manageability of networks by leveraging virtualization and cloud computing technologies to run network appliances in software. The implementation of NFV presents issues such as the introduction of new software components, bottleneck performance, and monitoring hidden traffic. A considerable amount of traffic in NFV is invisible using traditional monitoring strategies because it does not hit a physical link. The implementation of autonomic management and supervised algorithms from Machine Learning (ML) become a key strategy to manage this hidden traffic. In this work, we focus on analyzing the traffic features of an NFV-based network while performing a benchmarking of the behavior of supervised ML algorithms in the IP traffic classification regarding their efficiency; considering that the efficiency of an algorithm depends on the trade-off between the response time and the precision. Our results demonstrate the NaiveBayes algorithm as the best traffic classifier. NaiveBayes reaches values of 99.9% with precision in 1.1sec.
Neurobiologische Grundlagen des therapeutischen Einsatzes der repetitiven transkraniellen Magnetstimulation (rTMS) in der Psychiatrie

Zusammenfassung Die therapeutische Anwendung der repetitiven transkraniellen Magnetstimulation (rTMS) wurde in den vergangenen Jahren bei unterschiedlichen psychiatrischen Erkrankungen, wie beispielsweise den unipolaren und bipolaren affektiven Störungen sowie der Schizophrenie, diskutiert. Nach dem Faradayschen Prinzip wird über die Induktion eines Magnetfeldes intrakraniell ein elektrischer Stromfluss erzeugt. Dieser wiederum beeinflusst neuronale Netzwerke in psychopathologisch relevanten Hirnarealen, welche bei psychiatrischen Erkrankungen möglicherweise dysfunktional sind. Conditio sine qua non des gezielten therapeutischen Einsatzes der rTMS sind jedoch Kenntnisse über die zugrunde liegenden, durch rTMS induzierten neurobiologischen Veränderungen. Obgleich der therapeutische Einsatz der rTMS derzeit nur im Rahmen wissenschaftlicher Studien empfohlen werden kann, gibt es ausreichende grundlagenwissenschaftliche Hinweise darauf, dass über rTMS spezifische Veränderungen in neuronalen Schaltkreisen hervorgerufen werden können. Diese zeigen sich tierexperimentell in charakteristischen Verhaltensänderungen sowie in Veränderungen der Aktivität des Stresshormonsystems. Zudem konnten spezifische Änderungen in der Freisetzung von Neuromodulatoren und Neurotransmittern sowie der Genexpression in psychopathologisch relevanten Hirnregionen beschrieben werden. Die bislang untersuchten, durch rTMS induzierten neurobiologischen Mechanismen sind teilweise mit den durch antidepressiv wirksame Substanzen tierexperimentell ausgelösten Effekten identisch.
An averaging approach to chattering

The singularly perturbed relay control systems (SPRCS) as mathematical models of chattering in the small neighborhood of the switching surface in sliding mode systems are examined. Sufficient conditions for existence and stability of fast periodic solutions to the SPRCS are found. It is shown that the slow motions in such SPRCS are approximately described by equations derived from equations for the slow variables of SPRCS by averaging along fast periodic motions. It is shown that In the general case, when the equations of a plant contain relay control nonlinearly, the averaged equations do not coincide with the equivalent control equations or with the Filippov's definition (1988) for the sliding motions in the reduced system; however, in the linear case, they coincide.
Thrombin-Induced Platelet Microbicidal Protein Susceptibility Phenotype Influences the Outcome of Oxacillin Prophylaxis and Therapy of Experimental Staphylococcus aureus Endocarditis

ABSTRACT We previously showed that in vitro susceptibility profiles ofStaphylococcus aureus to thrombin-induced platelet microbicidal protein 1 (tPMP-1) impacted the outcome of vancomycin treatment in experimental infective endocarditis. In this same model, treatment with oxacillin (a more rapid staphylocidal agent than vancomycin) enhanced the clearance of both tPMP-1-susceptible and -resistant cells from vegetations. The extent of clearance was greater for tPMP-1-susceptible cells.
Longitudinal evaluation of cartilage after osteochondral autogenous transfer with delayed gadolinium‐enhanced MRI of the cartilage (dGEMRIC)

The aim was to use repeat delayed gadolinium‐enhanced magnetic resonance imaging of cartilage (dGEMRIC) to estimate glycosaminoglycan (GAG) content in reparative cartilage after osteochondral autogenous transfer (OAT). The study group comprised 7 knees of 7 patients that were examined three times by dGEMRIC, at 3, 6, and 12 months using a 1.5 Tesla MRI system in both OAT operated and nonoperated condyles at 90 min after the injection. The gadolinium diethylene triamine pentaacetic acid (Gd‐DTPA)2− containing contrast medium (0.2 mmols/kg) was injected intravenously. The mean T1 values of the plug cartilage at 3, 6, and 12 months after OAT was 230 ± 40, 213 ± 31, and 230 ± 23 ms (mean ± SD), respectively. There were differences between the plug and control cartilage at 3 (p < 0.01) and 12 (p < 0.05) months after OAT, but not at 6 months (p = 0.089). No T1 changes were detected between the plug cartilage at the different time points after OAT. The fact that the GAG content of the OAT plugs were maintained for 12‐month study period suggest that no major deterioration of load‐bearing properties occurs in the cartilage after the OAT. © 2011 Orthopaedic Research Society Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Orthop Res 30:221–225, 2012
Türkiye’de Öğrenim Gören Yabancı Uyruklu Lisans Öğrencilerinin Sosyo- Kültürel ve Ekonomik Sorunları

Bu calismanin amaci, Turkiye’deki bir universitenin egitim fakultesinde ogrenim goren yabanciuyruklu ogrencilerin sosyo-kulturel ve ekonomik anlamda yasadiklari sorunlari belirlemektir. Bu amacdogrultusunda sosyo-kulturel ve ekonomik sorunlar; insan iliskileri, ekonomik sorunlar, barinma, evozlemi, yemek, giyim ve gelenek-gorenek basliklari altinda incelenmistir. Bu arastirmanin calismagrubunu 2008-2009 ogretim yilinda Turkiye’deki bir universitenin egitim fakultesinde ogrenim goren 7farkli ulkeden (Azerbaycan, Turkmenistan, Kazakistan, Mogolistan, Yunanistan, Ozbekistan ve Gurcistan)15 yabanci uyruklu ogrenci olusturmaktadir. Arastirmada maksimum cesitlilik ornekleme yontemi, veritoplama araci olarak ise yari yapilandirilmis gorusme formu kullanilmistir. Yabanci uyruklu ogrencilerinsosyo-kulturel ve ekonomik sorunlarina iliskin goruslerinin analizinde nitel veri analiz tekniklerindenbetimsel analiz yaklasimi kullanilmistir. Calisma sonucunda yabanci uyruklu ogrencilerin kendikulturleriyle Turk kulturunun benzerlik gostermesi nedeniyle Turkiye’de onyargi ya da dislanma ilekarsilasmadiklari belirlenmistir. Ayrica, yabanci uyruklu ogrencilerin ekonomik kaynaklarinin sadeceaileleri oldugu ve aileleri tarafindan gonderilen paranin yetersiz kaldigi gorulmustur. Yabanci uyrukluogrencilerin tamamina yakininin ise ev ozlemi cektikleri ve ailelerini, arkadaslarini ve memleketlerini ozledikleri belirlenmistir.
A simulation study of the effects of assignment of prior identity-by-descent probabilities to unselected sib pairs, in covariance-structure modeling of a quantitative-trait locus.

Sib pair-selection strategies, designed to identify the most informative sib pairs in order to detect a quantitative-trait locus (QTL), give rise to a missing-data problem in genetic covariance-structure modeling of QTL effects. After selection, phenotypic data are available for all sibs, but marker data-and, consequently, the identity-by-descent (IBD) probabilities-are available only in selected sib pairs. One possible solution to this missing-data problem is to assign prior IBD probabilities (i.e., expected values) to the unselected sib pairs. The effect of this assignment in genetic covariance-structure modeling is investigated in the present paper. Two maximum-likelihood approaches to estimation are considered, the pi-hat approach and the IBD-mixture approach. In the simulations, sample size, selection criteria, QTL-increaser allele frequency, and gene action are manipulated. The results indicate that the assignment of prior IBD probabilities results in serious estimation bias in the pi-hat approach. Bias is also present in the IBD-mixture approach, although here the bias is generally much smaller. The null distribution of the log-likelihood ratio (i.e., in absence of any QTL effect) does not follow the expected null distribution in the pi-hat approach after selection. In the IBD-mixture approach, the null distribution does agree with expectation.
Downregulated expression of the cyclase-associated protein 1 (CAP1) reduces migration in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma.

OBJECTIVE Overexpression of cyclase-associated proteins has been associated with poor prognosis in several human cancers. Cyclase-associated protein 1 is a member of the cyclase-associated proteins which contributes to tumor progression. The aim of the present study was to examine the expression of cyclase-associated protein 1 and to elucidate its clinicopathologic signiﬁcance in a larger series of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma. METHODS Immunohistochemical and western blot analyses were performed in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma tissues. Survival analyses were performed by using the Kaplan-Meier method. The role of cyclase-associated protein 1 in migration was studied in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma cell lines of TE1 through knocking down cyclase-associated protein 1 with siRNA and overexpression of cyclase-associated protein 1. The regulation of cyclase-associated protein 1 on migration was determined by transwell and wound-healing assays. RESULTS Immunohistochemical analysis showed that cyclase-associated protein 1 expression was negatively associated with E-cadherin and signiﬁcantly associated with lymph node metastases. Survival analysis revealed that cyclase-associated protein 1 overexpression was signiﬁcantly associated with overall survival (P = 0.011). Knock down of cyclase-associated protein 1 in TE1 cells resulted in decreased vimentin and F-actin levels and the capability for migration. In addition, overexpression of cyclase-associated protein 1 promoted the migration of TE1 cells. CONCLUSIONS These ﬁndings suggest that cyclase-associated protein 1 is involved in the metastasis of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma, and that elevated levels of cyclase-associated protein 1 expression may indicate a poor prognosis for patients with esophageal squamous cell carcinoma.
A countermeasure to black hole attacks in mobile ad hoc networks

This paper presents a solution to counter black hole attacks in mobile ad hoc networks (MANETs). Black hole attacks are effective DoS (Denial of Service) attacks committed by fabricating routing information, attracting packets routed through them, and then dropping the packets. The ETX (Expected Transmission Count) metric is a common routing metric in MANETs. It measures the delivery ratio of a wireless link to find the high throughput routes. However, the acquisition of a ETX metric value is subject to abuse. This paper describes a solution to counter black hole attacks on the ETX metric acquisition process. The solution is called the Secure ETX (SETX) protocol. The protocol, instead of allowing individual nodes to advertise their respective delivery ratios (as in ETX) at will, allows nodes to measure neighbours' delivery ratios directly. Simulation results have shown that this novel protocol can provide a marked improvement in network performances in the presence of black hole attacks, and it can do so with a negligible level of additional overhead.
Impaired Lymphocyte Transformation and Delayed Hypersensitivity in Sjögren's Syndrome.

In vitro lymphocyte transformation in response to phytohemagglutinin and streptolysin O and in vivo skin sensitization to 2,4-dinitrochloro-benzene has been studied in patients with Sjögren's syndrome and in normal controls of comparable age and sex. Both the in vivo and in vitro responses were significantly impaired in the Sjögren's patients as compared to the controls. This lack of response to mitogenic agents is probably due to an intrinsic defect in the lymphocytes rather than to a serum factor. The abnormalities were less marked in patients whose disease was localized to the parotid and lacrimal glands than in those with generalized disease, i.e., with complicating rheumatoid arthritis or pseudolymphoma.
Novel SIR-estimation-based power control in a CDMA mobile radio system under multipath environment

A novel decisive algorithm based on signal-to-interference power ratio estimation has been proposed to control the power transmission of the mobiles in a code-division multiple-access mobile radio system under multipath environment. A simple second-order equation, together with three different sets of measurement and power-control periods, is first used to predict the power gains of the channels. Based on the predicted power gains, five decision rules have been proposed to determine the power-control commands for the mobiles. The novel algorithm with the best prediction method and decision rule has been observed to accomplish a lower outage probability when compared with the conventional power-control algorithm with optimum power-control threshold.
An Experimental Study of the Coloring Problem on Human Subject Networks

Theoretical work suggests that structural properties of naturally occurring networks are important in shaping behavior and dynamics. However, the relationships between structure and behavior are difficult to establish through empirical studies, because the networks in such studies are typically fixed. We studied networks of human subjects attempting to solve the graph or network coloring problem, which models settings in which it is desirable to distinguish one's behavior from that of one's network neighbors. Networks generated by preferential attachment made solving the coloring problem more difficult than did networks based on cyclical structures, and “small worlds” networks were easier still. We also showed that providing more information can have opposite effects on performance, depending on network structure.
Hepatic lipase facilitates the selective uptake of cholesteryl esters from remnant lipoproteins in apoE-deficient mice.

We have investigated the role of hepatic lipase (HL) in remnant lipoprotein metabolism independent of lipolysis by using recombinant adenovirus to express native and catalytically inactive HL (HL-145G) in apolipoprotein (apo)E-deficient mice characterized by increased plasma concentrations of apoB-48-containing remnants. In the absence of apoE, the mechanisms by which apoB-48-containing remnants are taken up by either low density lipoprotein (LDL)-receptor or LDL-receptor-related protein (LRP) remain unclear. Overexpression of either native or catalytically inactive HL in apoE-deficient mice led to similar reductions (P > 0.5) in the plasma concentrations of cholesterol (41% and 53%) and non high density lipoprotein (HDL)-cholesterol (41% and 56%) indicating that even in the absence of lipolysis, HL can partially compensate for the absence of apoE in this animal model. Although the clearance of [3H]cholesteryl ether from VLDL was significantly increased (approximately 2-fold; P < 0. 02) in mice expressing native or inactive HL compared to luciferase controls, the fractional catabolic rates (FCR) of [125I-labeled] apoB- very low density lipoprotein (VLDL) in all three groups of mice were similar (P > 0.4, all) indicating selective cholesterol uptake. Hepatic uptake of [3H]cholesteryl ether from VLDL was greater in mice expressing either native HL (87%) or inactive HL-145G (72%) compared to luciferase controls (56%). Our combined findings are consistent with a role for HL in mediating the selective uptake of cholesterol from remnant lipoproteins in apoE-deficient mice, independent of lipolysis. These studies support the concept that hepatic lipase (HL) may serve as a ligand that mediates the interaction between remnant lipoproteins and cell surface receptors and/or proteoglycans. We hypothesize that one of these pathways may involve the interaction of HL with cell surface receptors, such as scavenger receptor (SR)-BI, that mediate the selective uptake of cholesteryl esters.
Needleless Electrospinning Using a Flat Wheel Spinneret

Nanofibers have a wide range of applications, however; the mass production of nanofibers is still an obstacle to wider industrial application. In this paper, a flat wheel was used as a spinneret for production of poly (vinyl) alcohol nanofibers. Electric field comparative analysis was done between the flat wheel and other spinnerets such as a cylinder, disk and ring. It was found the flat wheel falls between the cylinder and disk and ring spinnerets. Sequence generation of polymer jets was observed from the both edges of the wheel and as well as from the surface of the wheel. The impact of operating parameters on fiber morphology was studied and it was found that smooth, uniform nanofibers with diameter around 350nm could be produced by using this spinneret. Influence of strength of applied electric field and solution concentration on the production rate was also examined and it was noted that the production rate of nanofibers using a flat wheel spinneret is several times higher than that obtained using a conventional needle electrospinning setup.
Effects of Cocaine on Maternal Behavior and Neurochemistry

Drug addiction is a chronic relapsing disorder that involves drug seeking and abuse despite the negative social and health consequences. While the potential effects of cocaine on child development have been extensively studied over the last 30 years, few researchers have focused on the effects of cocaine on maternal behavior, which includes offspring care and maternal aggression towards an unfamiliar individual. In humans, maternal cocaine use can lead to child neglect, abuse, and disrupt the mother-child bond. While it has been argued the developmental effects of maternal cocaine use on children were initially overstated, it is clear that disruptions of typical maternal behavior (i.e. postpartum depression, anxiety disorders) are detrimental to the physical and emotional health of offspring. Cocaine use in mothers is commonly associated with psychological disorders, including depression and anxiety, and it is postulated that many of the negative effects of maternal cocaine use on offspring are mediated through changes in maternal behavior. This review will summarize research on cocaine and maternal behavior in animal and human studies, discuss potential mechanisms, and suggest therapeutic strategies for treating cocaine-affected maternal behavior which may improve the physical and behavioral health of both mother and child. The primary objective is to stimulate future communication, cooperation, and collaboration between researchers who use animals and humans to study cocaine and maternal behavior.
A dynamic day-ahead paratransit planning problem

Abstract We consider a dynamic planning problem for the transport of elderly and disabled people. The focus is on a decision to make one day ahead: which requests to serve with own vehicles, and which ones to assign to subcontractors, under uncertainty of late requests which are gradually revealed during the day of operation. We call this problem the Dynamic Day-ahead Paratransit Planning problem. The developed model is a nonstandard two-stage recourse model in which ideas from stochastic programming and online optimization are combined: in the first stage clustered requests are assigned to vehicles, and in the dynamic second-stage problem an event-driven approach is used to cluster the late requests once they are revealed and subsequently assign them to vehicles. A genetic algorithm is used to solve the model. Computational results are presented for randomly generated data sets. Furthermore, a comparison is made to a similar problem we studied earlier in which the simplifying but unrealistic assumption has been made that all late requests are revealed at the beginning of the day of operation.
Genetic and Toxigenic Variability within Aspergillus flavus Population Isolated from Maize in Two Diverse Environments in Kenya

Aspergillus flavus is the main producer of carcinogenic aflatoxins in agricultural commodities such as maize. This fungus occurs naturally on crops, and produces aflatoxins when environmental conditions are favorable. The aim of this study is to analyse the genetic variability among 109 A. flavus isolates previously recovered from maize sampled from a known aflatoxin-hotspot (Eastern region, Kenya) and the major maize-growing area in the Rift Valley (Kenya), and to determine their toxigenic potential. DNA analyses of internal transcribed spacer (ITS) regions of ribosomal DNA, partial β-tubulin gene (benA) and calmodulin gene (CaM) sequences were used. The strains were further analyzed for the presence of four aflatoxin-biosynthesis genes in relation to their capability to produce aflatoxins and other metabolites, targeting the regulatory gene aflR and the structural genes aflP, aflD, and aflQ. In addition, the metabolic profile of the fungal strains was unraveled using state-of-the-art LC-MS/MS instrumentation. The three gene-sequence data grouped the isolates into two major clades, A. minisclerotigenes and A. flavus. A. minisclerotigenes was most prevalent in Eastern Kenya, while A. flavus was common in both regions. A. parasiticus was represented by a single isolate collected from Rift Valley. Diversity existed within the A. flavus population, which formed several subclades. An inconsistency in identification of some isolates using the three markers was observed. The calmodulin gene sequences showed wider variation of polymorphisms. The aflatoxin production pattern was not consistent with the presence of aflatoxigenic genes, suggesting an inability of the primers to always detect the genes or presence of genetic mutations. Significant variation was observed in toxin profiles of the isolates. This is the first time that a profound metabolic profiling of A. flavus isolates was done in Kenya. Positive associations were evident for some metabolites, while for others no associations were found and for a few metabolite-pairs negative associations were seen. Additionally, the growth medium influenced the mycotoxin metabolite production. These results confirm the wide variation that exists among the group A. flavus and the need for more insight in clustering the group.