Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
A method for aircraft icing diagnosis in precipitation

A study of feasibility is performed for the development of a nowcasting method of aircraft icing conditions. The supercooled cloud water content is a key parameter for the determination of hazardous regions. The production of supercooled water in clouds is possible only where sufficiently strong updraft produces supersaturation with respect to water. However, to maintain the presence of supercooled droplets, the generation of moisture excess during the air uplift must exceed the rate of vapor deposition on snow and the rate of snow riming. The "storm of the century" (March 13-14, 1993) has been chosen as a good case of stratiform precipitation event and its microphysics was simulated using a high resolution three-dimensional kinematic cloud model with a full microphysical scheme. The winds driving the development of hydrometeors are obtained by a three-dimensional wind retrieval technique applied to single Doppler radar data. The output of the cloud model provides the field of supercooled (since T $<$ 0$ sp circ$C) cloud water. In this way a potentially operational method for detection of icing conditions is suggested.
Control of convection by dfferent buoyancy forces

Thermal convection in vertical concentric cylinders under the influence of different buoyancy force fields is the focus of the experimental project ’CiC’ (Convection in Cylinders). The objectives are to investigate thermal convective flow in natural gravity with axial buoyancy and in micro-gravity environment of a parabolic flight with radial buoyancy, and additionally also the superposition of both buoyancy force fields. The radial buoyancy is forced by the dielectrophoretic effect due to applying a high-voltage potential Vapp between the two cylinders. The experiment contains two separately fully automated experiment cells, which differ only in their radius ratio η = b/a. The convective flow is observed with tracer particles and laser light sheet illumination. For the case of natural convection, there exists a stable single convective cell over the whole Rayleigh number domain with Ra ∼ ∆T with increasing the temperature difference between the inner and outer cylindrical boundaries. For the case of a pure dielectrophoretic driven convection in micro-gravity environment, stratification effects are described with RaE ∼ Vapp with increasing the high voltage potential. The superposition of both buoyancy forces indicates the disturbance of the single convective cell and therewith the onset of instabilities at very low Ra for the smaller η. The presented results demonstrate that the dielectrophoretic effect can be used for flow control and enhancement of heat transfer applications in space as well as on Earth.
Assessing reliability of hydrological simulations through model intercomparison at the local scale in the Everest region

Abstract. Understanding hydrological processes of high-altitude areas is vital because downstream communities depend on water resources for their livelihood. This paper compares the hydrological responses at the local scale of two models using different degrees of refinement to represent physical processes in sparsely instrumented mountainous Himalayan catchments. Two small catchments located in mid- and high- mountain environments were chosen to represent the very different climatic and physiographic characteristics of the Central Himalayas in the Everest region of eastern Nepal. This work presents the novelty of applying, at a small spatio-temporal scale and under the same forcing conditions, a fully distributed surface scheme based on mass and energy balance equations (ISBA surface scheme), and a semi-distributed calibrated model (J2000 hydrological model). A new conceptual module coupled to the ISBA surface scheme for flow routing is presented. The results show that both models describe the evapotranspiration, quick runoff and discharge processes in a similar way. The reliability of the simulations for these variables can therefore be considered as satisfactory. The differences in the structure and results of the two models mainly concern the water storage and flows in the soil, in particular for the high-mountain catchment. This conclusion suggests that the uncertainty associated with model structure is significant for water storage and flow in the soil.
A Novel Wide-Area Control Strategy for Damping of Critical Frequency Oscillations via Modulation of Active Power Injections

This paper proposes a novel wide-area control strategy for modulating the active power injections to damp the critical frequency oscillations in power systems, this includes the inter-area oscillations and the transient frequency swing. The proposed method pursues an efficient utilization of the limited power reserve of existing distributed energy resources (DERs) to mitigate these oscillations. This is accomplished by decoupling the damping control actions at different sites using the oscillation signals of the concerned mode as the power commands. A theoretical basis for this decoupled modulating control is provided. Technically, the desired sole modal oscillation signals are filtered out by linearly combining the system-wide frequencies, which is determined by the linear quadratic regulator based sparsity-promoting (LQRSP) technique. With the proposed strategy, the modulation of each active power injection can be effectively engineered considering the response limit and steady-state output capability of the supporting device. The method is validated based on a two-area test system and is further demonstrated based on the New England 39-bus test system.
Study on urbanization rate of urban-rural construction landand its influencing factors: A case study of Hubei Province

Excessive growth of urban construction land and inappropriate/unsustainable land use structure are two urgent issues facing the rapid urbanization in China. While most studies focus on construction land growth, little attention has been paid to understanding and adjusting urban-rural construction land structure. Against this backdrop, this paper characterizes land use structure with the urban-rural land conversion rate and identifies theoretically optimal values for individual places. Theoretical values for land conversion rate are constructed based on urbanization level and understood by a logistic urbanization model.Our empirical framework is applied to understand the urbanization of urban-rural construction land in Hubei Province, China. Results suggest that land use urbanization is positively associated with non-agriculture sector, urban population, terrain, and development hotspots.Our results provide insights for relevant land use and urbanization policies.
Neuron , Volume 62 Supplemental Data Instantanteous Modulation of Gamma Oscillation Frequency by Balancing Excitation with Inhibition

We found that this correlation (R-1= 0.27 ± 0.04, n = 12) was substantially weaker than the correlation between the amplitude of event n and the interval to the next event (R+1) for every recording both in vivo and in vitro (data combined). On average R+1 was more than 2 times larger than R-1, and this, in a highly significant manner (p<5x10). What could account for the correlation R-1? We have observed that there is a weak correlation between the amplitudes of consecutive events (RAmpli = 0.27 ± 0.05, n = 12). In other words, large amplitude events are more likely to follow large events than smaller ones (and vise versa). This could account some of R-1. In fact, if the amplitude of events n and n-1 are correlated then the amplitude of event n not only predicts the interval to the next event, but also the interval to the preceding event. Indeed, RAmpli accounts for more than 35% of R-1. This was determined by using a partial correlation analysis where the variability in the amplitude of event n (An) and the interval to the previous event (In-1) predicted by the amplitude event n-1 was removed resulting in A'n and I'n-1. The correlation between A'n and I'n-1 was substantially reduced relative to R-1. Importantly, the weak correlation between the amplitudes of consecutive events (RAmpli) does not confound our finding that the amplitude of event n strongly predicts the interval to the next event (R+1) since the same partial correlation analysis demonstrated a negligible portion of R+1 was accounted for by RAmpli (1.2 ± 0.8%, n = 12).
Formation of Millisecond Pulsars with Heavy White Dwarf Companions: Extreme Mass Transfer on Subthermal Timescales

We have performed detailed numerical calculations of the nonconservative evolution of close X-ray binary systems with intermediate-mass (2.0-6.0 M☉) donor stars and a 1.3 M☉ accreting neutron star. We calculated the thermal response of the donor star to mass loss in order to determine its stability and follow the evolution of the mass transfer. Under the assumption of the "isotropic reemission model," we demonstrate that in many cases it is possible for the binary to prevent a spiral-in and survive a highly super-Eddington mass transfer phase (1 ≪ Ṁ/ṀEdd < 105) on a subthermal timescale if the convective envelope of the donor star is not too deep. These systems thus provide a new formation channel for binary millisecond pulsars with heavy CO white dwarfs and relatively short orbital periods (3-50 days). However, we conclude that to produce a binary pulsar with a O-Ne-Mg white dwarf or Porb ~ 1 day (e.g., PSR B0655+64) the above scenario does not work, and a spiral-in phase is still considered the most plausible scenario for the formation of such a system.
Systematics and Biodiversity Unveiling Cryptic Species of the Bumblebee Subgenus Bombus S. Str. Worldwide with Coi Barcodes (hymenoptera: Apidae) Unveiling Cryptic Species of the Bumblebee Subgenus Bombus S. Str. Worldwide with Coi Barcodes (hymenoptera: Apidae)

The publisher does not give any warranty express or implied or make any representation that the contents will be complete or accurate or up to date. The accuracy of any instructions, formulae, and drug doses should be independently verified with primary sources. The publisher shall not be liable for any loss, actions, claims, proceedings, demand, or costs or damages whatsoever or howsoever caused arising directly or indirectly in connection with or arising out of the use of this material. Bumblebees of the subgenus Bombus s. str. dominate (or used to dominate) many north temperate pollinator assemblages and include most of the commercial bumblebee pollinator species. Several species are now in serious decline, so conservationists need to know precisely which ones are involved. The problem is that many Bombus s. str. species are cryptic, so that species identification from morphology may be impossible for some individuals and is frequently misleading according to recent molecular studies. This is the first review of the entire subgenus to: (1) avoid fixed a priori assumptions concerning the limits of the problematic species; and (2) sample multiple sites from across the entire geographic ranges of all of the principal named taxa worldwide; and (3) fit an explicit model for how characters change within an evolutionary framework; and (4) apply explicit and consistent criteria within this evolutionary framework for recognising species. We analyse easily-obtained DNA (COI-barcode) data for 559 sequences from 279 localities in 33 countries using general mixed Yule-coalescent (GMYC) models, assuming only the morphologically distinctive species B. affinis Cresson, B. franklini (Frison), B. ignitus Smith and B. tunicatus Smith, and then recognise other comparable COI-barcode groups as putative species. These species correspond to modified concepts of the taxa B. (Linnaeus) and B. terricola Kirby (a total of 17 species). Seven lectotypes are designated. Our results allow us for the first time to diagnose all of the putative species throughout their global ranges and to map the extent of these geographic ranges.
Osteosynthesis-Associated Bone Infection Caused by a Nonproteolytic, Nontoxigenic Clostridium botulinum-Like Strain

ABSTRACT A nonproteolytic, nontoxigenic Clostridium botulinum strain identified by conventional and molecular techniques as type B-, E-, or F-like (BEF-like) was isolated from a human postsurgical wound. All previous reports of such strains have been from environmental sources. Since toxin production is the main taxonomic denominator for C. botulinum, a new name is needed for nonproteolytic, nontoxigenic BEF-like clinical isolates.
A Semantic Scraping Model for Web Resources - Applying Linked Data to Web Page Screen Scraping

In spite of the increasing presence of Semantic Web Facilities, only a limited amount of the available resources in the Internet provide a semantic access. Recent initiatives such as the emerging Linked Data Web are providing semantic access to available data by porting existing resources to the semantic web using different technologies, such as database-semantic mapping and scraping. Nevertheless, existing scraping solutions are based on ad-hoc solutions complemented with graphical interfaces for speeding up the scraper development. This article proposes a generic framework for web scraping based on semantic technologies. This framework is structured in three levels: scraping services, semantic scraping model and syntactic scraping. The first level provides an interface to generic applications or intelligent agents for gathering information from the web at a high level. The second level defines a semantic RDF model of the scraping process, in order to provide a declarative approach to the scraping task. Finally, the third level provides an implementation of the RDF scraping model for specific technologies. The work has been validated in a scenario that illustrates its application to mashup technologies.
Estimating a modified nonlinear Hicks model: Evidence from the US economy (1960-2008)

This paper presents a modified nonlinear Hicks model of the cycle and a method for deriving estimators based on Nonlinear Least Squares and other relevant criteria. Hicks thought that fluctuations in investment, caused by nonlinear changes in autonomous investment and the acceleration principle governing induced investment, led to an adjustment process taking place throughout many periods. An empirical application for the US economy (1960-2008) demonstrates the almost ideal performance of the modified model and the proposed method.
Universität Karlsruhe (TH) at TRECVID 2007

—In this paper, we present the systems developed by the interACT Research Center at Universit¨at Karlsruhe (TH) for the TRECVID 2007 evaluation. Our ﬁrst participation in the TRECVID evaluation includes the shot boundary detection and high-level feature detection tasks. The shot boundary detection system contains four separate detectors, one for each type of shot boundary we try to detect: cuts, fast dissolves, fade in / fade outs and dissolves. High-level feature detection utilizes both visual and textual cues. It uses color, texture and edge-based features for visual processing and relative term frequency-based features for text processing. All the systems we have developed have been trained on the common development data.
THE CUYUNA IRON RANGE: LEGACY OF A 20TH CENTURY INDUSTRIAL COMMUNITY

The Cuyuna Range is a former North American iron mining district about 90 miles(145 kilometers) west of Duluth in central Minnesota. The district was the furthest south and west of the three Minnesota iron ranges (Vermilion, Mesabi, and Cuyuna). In 2011, Students and staff from Michigan Technological University's Department of Social Sciences were asked to identify and promote features of the Cuyuna Range's mining heritage. Methods and approaches of mulitsited archaeology were used to unify the diverse places and themes into a more cohesive narrative. Their investigations focused on sites of technological innovation, social conflict, and important people. One collaborative project involved training a team of local volunteers to survey seven iron mining communities to identify sites with historic importance. In total, 876 sites were documented. The data generated from this effort can be used to develop plans for cultural tourism focused on the iron mining heritage of the Cuyuna Iron Range. It was found that using multiple themes from multisited archaeology strengthened the region’s narrative better than simply focusing on sites from a single thematic viewpoint.
Hanalei Bay, Kaua`i marine benthic communities since 1992: spatial and and temporal trends in a dynamic Hawaiian coral reef ecosystem

Abstract vii Introduction 1 Potential threats 2 Objectives 2 Methods 5 Description of study area 5 Benthic cover 5 1993-1994 method for substrate cover (Friedlander et al. 1997) 5 1999 method for substrate cover (Brown et al. 2004a)
Growth rates of Hippopus hippopus from Orpheus Island, Great Barrier Reef

The growth of Hippoplus hippopus from tagged individuals at Orpheus Island, Great Barrier Reef, is described using the von Bertalanffy growth equation. Differences were found in asymptotic size and seasonal growth rate between sites. Clams transplanted from the littoral to sublittoral showed bolh increased values of L(∞) and K compared to their littoral growth. Minimum growth occurred in the 3 months prececding the annual spawning season at both sites.
trackeR: Infrastructure for Running and Cycling Data from GPS-Enabled Tracking Devices in R

The use of GPS-enabled tracking devices and heart rate monitors is becoming increasingly common in sports and fitness activities. The trackeR package aims to fill the gap between the routine collection of data from such devices and their analyses in R. The package provides methods to import tracking data into data structures which preserve units of measurement and are organized in sessions. The package implements core infrastructure for relevant summaries and visualizations, as well as support for handling units of measurement. There are also methods for relevant analytic tools such as time spent in zones, work capacity above critical power (known as W 0 ), and distribution and concentration profiles. A case study illustrates how the latter can be used to summarize the information from training sessions and use it in more advanced statistical analyses.
Simulation on the Optical Field Characteristics of Grating Inscription in a Hybrid Microstructured Optical Fiber

A method that utilizes a fluid-filled elliptical hole configuration to improve the efficiency and quality of grating inscription in a microstructured optical fiber was proposed and analyzed. The quantitative influence of inscription beam, elliptical size, fiber parameter, and fluid index on the grating inscription was analyzed. In addition, the feasibility of utilizing a symmetrical elliptical hole configuration and a rotating inscription technique to modify the inscription energy distribution near the core region during inscription was also discussed. Simulation results show that the optimized hybrid microstructured optical fiber configuration could achieve three times of the inscription efficiency than that of a single-mode fiber.
The Accuracy of Autoregressive Forecasts of the Average Monthly Temperatures in Central England, Central Park and New Jersey

The corrected Akaike Information Criterion(AICc) is used to chose order of the best approximating model to the pre-industrial revolution era data (January, 1659, to December, 1849; 2 292 observations) for the Central England Temperature, parameterized as a standard Box-Jenkins style autoregressive and seasonally-autoregressive model with a linear trend component. The result is an AR(5) × SAR(29) model that incorporates the complex seasonality, temporal and secular trends of the average monthly temperature and, as a forecasting model of future temperature, performs well out-of-sample.Fixing the order and the coefficients of the discovered model, it is then used to forecast three datasets commencing with the beginning of the Second Industrial Revolution period and ending at the end of the 20th. Century (January, 1850, to December, 1999; 1 572 observations). Those data sets are the Central England temperature; the Average New Jersey temperature and the Central Park temperature. The systematic geographic variation in the temperatures between the sites considered is modelled via a simple linear transformation of the forecasts made for the Central England data. The observed accuracy of the transformed forecasts validate the structural form of the complex autoregressive model on smaller data sets and also validates the modeling of regional temperature variations as a combination of a global factor and an local idiosyncratic variation.Subsequently the full model, with the autoregressive orders fixed but the parameters free to vary, is separately fitted to each industrial era data set. Although all three series show an upward trend in temperature during this period, and that of the New York City data is higher than the other pair and by itself statistically distinct from zero, there is no significant evidence from this analysis to support the hypothesis that trend rates individually estimated for the three series are in- consistent with each other. It is further demonstrated that the autocorrelative lag coefficients discovered by regression analysis are consistent with those derived from the larger pre-industrial era data set after the effect of imprecision in their estimation is accounted for.Finally, both the linearly transformed forecasts of the Central England data and the fitted Industrial Era models are used to forecast their respective series in the 21st century.
De-anonymizing social networks and inferring private attributes using knowledge graphs

Social network data is widely shared, transferred and published for research purposes and business interests, but it has raised much concern on users' privacy. Even though users' identity information is always removed, attackers can still de-anonymize users with the help of auxiliary information. To protect against de-anonymization attack, various privacy protection techniques for social networks have been proposed. However, most existing approaches assume specific and restrict network structure as background knowledge and ignore semantic level prior belief of attackers, which are not always realistic in practice and do not apply to arbitrary privacy scenarios. Moreover, the privacy inference attack in the presence of semantic background knowledge is barely investigated. To address these shortcomings, in this work, we introduce knowledge graphs to explicitly express arbitrary prior belief of the attacker for any individual user. The processes of de-anonymization and privacy inference are accordingly formulated based on knowledge graphs. Our experiment on data of real social networks shows that knowledge graphs can strengthen de-anonymization and inference attacks, and thus increase the risk of privacy disclosure. This suggests the validity of knowledge graphs as a general effective model of attackers' background knowledge for social network privacy preservation.