Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The P‐V‐T equation of state and thermodynamic properties of liquid iron

The equation of state (EoS) and thermodynamic properties of non‐magnetic liquid iron were investigated from energy (E)‐pressure (P)‐volume (V)‐temperature (T) relationships calculated by means of ab initio molecular dynamics simulations at 60–420 GPa and 4000–7000 K. Its internally consistent thermodynamic and elastic properties, in particular, density, adiabatic bulk modulus, and P wave velocity, were then analyzed. Compared to the seismological data of the Earth's outer core, pure liquid iron is found to have an 8–10% larger density and 3–10% larger bulk modulus than the Earth's values. Results also show that the P wave velocity of liquid iron has marginal temperature dependence as the bulk sound velocity of solid iron. The new EoS model and thermodynamic properties of liquid iron may serve as fundamental data for the thermochemical modeling of the Earth's core.
Deterioration experiment with soluble salt on sandstone of Yungang grottoes and its model creation

Soluble salts is a critical disease for Yungang grottoes of Datong city in Shanxi province,which leading to the surface weathering strengthen reduction and structure damage.An experiment of deterioration simulation with sodium sulfate has been carried out for the sandstone taken from the sculptures distribution layers.The deformations of samples have been real time monitored and the mass loss,strength decrease and pore character change,and etc.have been tested during the salt crystallization cycles.Following conclusions have been obtained.Firstly,the injury of the soluble salts is the main reason for the powdered form on the sand rock surface,which cause the historical value is fading away.Secondly,the inner structure has been changed and the glue materials have been destroyed by the crystalline of the salts inside the rock,the consequence is the porosity ratio increase and stiffness and strength decrease.Lastly,in the dry season,the deterioration effect of soluble salt on rock should higher than other time from the comparative of two phases simulation tests,thenardite(Na2SO4) and mirabilite(Na2SO4·10H2O). For long term prediction of the deterioration action of salts,a logarithm model has been used for porosity increase and an exponent model for strength decrease.
Design of a Secure Machine Learning-Based Malware Detection and Analysis Scheme

Today's world is rapidly growing towards the advanced concept of technology. Technology nowadays is at its peak of development and has great advantages in all fields of work, whether it is in industrial automation, farming, weather forecasting, or disease detection and control. Despite its great advantages, it does have its negative side because a major population is using technology and general-purpose computing devices (i.e., desktops, laptops, smartphones, tablets, etc.). Therefore, most of their personal data is available online. The data is constantly in danger of getting stolen by malicious actors (i.e., hackers), who can find a way to get their hands on this data and then use it for their personal gain (i.e., money-making). The best-known technique to get this information is by using malware exploitation on the machine of the target. Malware is an executable or a binary that is malicious in nature. It may have various devastating effects, and in order to detect and make the system defensive, we need to propose a scheme to detect the malware in the system, analyze the particular file, and then mitigate it. In this paper, we propose a secure machine learning-based malware detection and analysis scheme (in short, SML-MDA). The conducted security analysis and formal security verification of the proposed SMLMDA prove its security against various types of potential attacks. The proposed SML-MDA is then compared with the other similar competing schemes, and its performance has been found to be better in terms of various performance metrics like accuracy and F1-score.
Small Dual-Band 3D Beamforming MIMO Antenna

This work proposes a small dual-band (2.4 GHz and 4.89 GHz bands) 3D beamforming Multiple-Input Multiple-Output (MIMO) antenna for emerging size-constrained Internet of Things (IoT) applications. The performance is realized via digital beamforming in a structure sized only 51.5 mm in diameter (smaller than half wavelength at 2.4 GHz). At the 2.4 GHz band, the antenna realizes an isolation >30 dB, and the Envelope Correlation Coefficient (ECC) is <0.0003), with a bi-directional beamforming capability in the azimuth plane, and unidirectional beamforming across the elevation plane. At the 4.89 GHz band, the isolation is >19 dB, and the ECC<0.0047, while unidirectional beamforming is achieved in both the azimuth and elevation planes.
Computer Vision and Deep Learning Based Framework for Road Scene and Surface Segmentation in Unstructured Environment

We propose a computer vision and deep learning-based novel framework for segmenting traffic scenes and road surface anomalies in unstructured environments. These anomalies, like potholes, water puddles, patches, etc., may cause severe accidents during driving. Information regarding the road scene and surface is essential for safe and efficient driving. The PSPNet architecture, along with EfficientNet as a backbone, has been used for segmenting road scene and surface anomalies on two different datasets, which are applicable for assessing road conditions for driving safety and road maintenance. Our proposed framework achieves benchmark performance in resource-constrained conditions using low-cost cameras and computing systems helpful in Advanced Driver Assistance Systems (ADAS) and Autonomous Vehicles.
The Bootstrap and Other Procedures for Examining the Variability of Estimated Variance Components in Testing Contexts

This paper examines the applicability of traditional, bootstrap, and jackknife methodologies for estimating standard errors and obtaining confidence intervals for the variance components for persons, items, and residuals in a random effects G study p x i design. Principal consideration is given to simulation results with binary data, although some simulation results for normally distributed data are also reported. The simulations suggest that the traditional approach produces accurate results with normally distributed data but poor results with binary data, at least for the variance component for residuals. The jackknife provides quite accurate results for both types of data and for all three variance components. The bootstrap can be "made to work" reasonably well but doing so seems to require several ad hoc procedures for defining bootstrap samples, which renders the bootstrap somewhat less satisfactory than the jackknife for the application considered here.
Use of caesium‐137 data to evaluate SHETRAN simulated long‐term erosion patterns in arable lands

The caesium‐137 method of quantifying soil erosion is used to provide field data for validating the capability of the SHETRAN modelling system for predicting long‐term (30‐year) erosion rates and their spatial variability. Simulations were carried out for two arable farm sites (area 3–5 ha) in central England for which average annual erosion rates of 6·5 and 10·4 t ha−1 year−1 had already been determined using caesium‐137 measurements. These rates were compared with a range of simulated values representing the uncertainty in model output derived from uncertainty in the evaluation of model parameters. A successful validation was achieved in that the simulation range contained the measured rate at both sites, whereas the spatial variability was reproduced excellently at one site and partially at the other. The results indicate that, as the caesium‐137 technique measures the erosion caused by all the processes acting at a site, it is relevant to hydrologically based models such as SHETRAN only if erosion by wind, agricultural activities and other processes not represented in the model are insignificant. The results also indicate a need to reduce the uncertainty in model parameter evaluation. More generally, the caesium‐137 technique is shown to provide field data that improve the severity of the validation procedure (accounting for internal as well as outlet conditions) and that add spatial variability to magnitude as a condition for identifying unrealistic parameter sets when seeking to reduce simulation uncertainty. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Tightly Coupled Visual-Inertial-UWB Indoor Localization System With Multiple Position-Unknown Anchors

In this letter, we perform a tightly-coupled fusion of a monocular camera, a 6-DoF IMU, and multiple position-unknown Ultra-wideband (UWB) anchors to construct an indoor localization system with both accuracy and robustness. Prior to this, there have been several works that have achieved satisfactory results by fusing UWB ranging measurements with visual-inertial system. However, these approaches still have some limitations: 1) these approaches either require the UWB anchor position to be calibrated in advance or the UWB anchor position estimation method used is not robust enough; 2) these approaches do not allow for dynamic changes to the number of UWB anchors in a tightly coupled estimator. Our approach uses visual object detection algorithm to provide UWB anchor initial position and refine it in the factor graph, using chi-square test algorithm to identify UWB ranging outliers. Based on the above two ideas, we implement a tightly coupled estimator that dynamically adjusts the number of UWB anchors, i.e. adding them to the factor graph when their ranging measurements are available and discarding them when their ranging measurements are outliers. These ideas improve the efficiency and robustness of the fusion about UWB ranging measurements with the visual-inertial system, as well as the easy setup of UWB anchors. Experimental results show that the proposed method outperforms previous methods in terms of estimating anchor position and improving localization accuracy.
Nostalgia and negotiation: The electronic word‐of‐mouth and social well‐being of older consumers

As older people turn to the internet for consumption and social connection, it is imperative to understand how online consumption behaviors, such as generating and absorbing electronic word‐of‐mouth (eWOM), influence feelings of belonging. This study therefore explores how organic conversations around brands, products, and services influence older consumers' social well‐being. A 6‐month netnography was conducted in a social media platform geared toward older consumers where eWOM activity was created relating to books, household items, technology, furniture, financial services, clothing, and leisure activities. The findings reveal four types of eWOM—nostalgic, seeking reassurance/advice, providing reassurance/advice, and negotiation, which create experiences of social well‐being. This research contributes to the marketing literature by (1) exploring the implications of eWOM on consumer well‐being (2) investigating how the social value of eWOM interacts with social well‐being, and (3) developing pioneering knowledge of older consumers generating and absorbing eWOM.
Compressed Sensing using Collaborative-Aware Generative Adversarial Network

To effectively reduce the instability and uncertainty caused by the reconstruction of a single image block due to the large solution space, a collaborative-aware generative adversarial network for image compressed sensing (CACS-Net) is proposed. According to the non-local self-similarity prior, the collaborative reconstruction group is constructed to provide more reconstruction information. The reconstruction model consists of a generator and a discriminator. The generator takes the collaborative reconstruction group as input and obtains the initial reconstructed image group by sub-pixel up-sampling. A differential Gaussian module is constructed to extract and enhance the multi-component features of the initial reconstructed images. The final reconstructed image is obtained by merging each enhanced component. The discriminator is a binary classifier that judges the authenticity of the reconstructed image output by the generator. To improve the stability of network training, a collaborative perception loss function is proposed, in which the collaborative constraint can reduce the solution space of the reconstruction problem, and the perception constraint helps to recover more texture details feature of the image. Experimental results on the SET5 and SET14 testing datasets demonstrate that the proposed method can reconstruct more texture details of the image under low sampling rates.
A comparison of the hydrodynamic modulation in some existing models

Abstract The action balance equation is solved numerically using the method of characteristics. The algorithm can handle any functional form of the current velocity and the source function. It therefore allows a comparison of the hydrodynamic parts of the models of Alpers and Hennings (1984), Shuchman el al. (1985) and Holliday et al. (1986,1987), all describing the imaging mechanism of mapping bottom topography with side-looking airborne radar (SLAR) and synthetic aperture radar (SAR). The effects of advection and second-order terms, neglected in the original work of Alpers and Hennings (1984), are included and studied. It is shown that advection is important, notably at L-band for features smaller than 1 km, such as sand waves, while the second-order terms shift the modulation of the wave spectrum upward. All models studied give similar results for L-band and X-band, showing that the dependence of the relaxation rate on wave number and wind speed variations due to variations in current velocity has only.
Growth Analysis and CUSSIM Model in Cucumber Seedling

Based on a seedling growth experiment in cucumber cultivars "Zhongnong203' and "Chiyu401' under different temperatures in growth cabin, growth analysis of seedling and establishment of CUSSIM (cucumber seedling simulator) model in cucumber were investigated. The results indicated that total dry plant weight, plant height and leave number of cucumber seedling were significantly decreased by temperature reduction. ; there was significant difference in growth rate and total dry plant weight between different cultivars; the functional relations those natural logarithm of total dry plant weight of cucumber seedling (LnDW) and relative growth rate (RGR) against days of seedling growth (t) at different stages for each treatment could be simulated by a quadratic function and liner function, respectively. Based on above results and some experiential parameters in practice of cucumber production, the CUSSIM model of cucumber seedling was established with Powersim software.
Factors Contributing to Sustainable Growth Performance in Indonesian SMEs: The Role of Business Incubators

Sustainable growth performance is crucial for the development and success of small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs), particularly in the context of business incubators. Companies must put into practice a number of measures that will promote enterprise sustainable growth performance in order to accomplish this. This study intends to investigate the impact of numerous factors, including external networks, entrepreneurial learning, and the innovation process, on the sustainable growth performance of SMEs. This study also examines how the innovation process mediates the relationship between the sustainable growth performance of an enterprise's development, entrepreneurial learning, and external networks. To understand the impact of each element, we use quantitative approaches in surveys by providing questionnaires to respondents via online platforms. Out of 320 SMEs chosen by purposive sampling technique with several criteria, 290 SMEs in the Province of DKI Jakarta, Indonesia, returned the questionnaire completely and the data can be analyzed further (90% response rate). We use structural equation modeling to process the data with AMOS 7 software. The results of this study show that the innovation process is positively influenced by external networks and entrepreneurial learning, and it positively influences sustainable growth performance of SMEs. Between external network and entrepreneurial learning, the one with stronger influence to innovation process is entrepreneurial learning, although both are found to be significant. Furthermore, this study also proven that innovation process acts as the mediator in the influence of external network and entrepreneurial learning on sustainable growth performance of SMEs. Ultimately, this study has been demonstrated that SMEs who join business incubators can maximize their potentials to innovate and obtain sustainable growth performance through utilizing their external network and carrying out entrepreneurial learning.
A Method for Measuring the Absolute Position and Attitude Parameters of a Moving Rigid Body Using a Monocular Camera

To verify the dynamic model of a paddy-field laser grader and solve the problem of the unstable high-speed operation of the grader, a method for measuring the absolute pose parameters of a moving rigid body using a monocular camera is proposed. The proposed method does not require calibration beforehand. Using more than six non-coplanar control points symmetrically arranged in the rigid-body and world coordinate systems, the matrices of rotation and translation between the camera and two coordinate systems are obtained and the absolute pose of the rigid body is measured. In this paper, formulas of the absolute pose measurement of a moving rigid body are deduced systematically and the complete implementation is presented. Position and attitude measurement experiments carried out on a three-axis precision turntable show that the average absolute error in the attitude angle of a moving rigid body measured by an uncalibrated camera at different positions changes by no more than 0.2 degrees. An analysis of the three-dimensional coordinate errors of the centroid of a moving rigid body shows little deviation in measurements taken at the three camera positions, with the maximum deviation of the average absolute error being 0.53 cm and the maximum deviation of the standard deviation being 0.66 cm. The proposed method can measure the absolute pose of a rigid body and is insensitive to the position of the camera in the measurement process. This work thus provides guidance for the repeated measurement of the absolute pose of a moving rigid body using a monocular camera.
SARS-CoV-2 excretion kinetics in nasopharyngeal and stool samples from the pediatric population

Background The severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is responsible for serious respiratory infections in humans. Even in the absence of respiratory symptoms, gastrointestinal (GI) signs were commonly reported in adults and children. Thus, oral–fecal transmission was suspected as a possible route of infection. The objective of this study was to describe RNA shedding in nasopharyngeal and stool samples obtained from asymptomatic and symptomatic children and to investigate virus viability. Methods This study included 179 stool and 191 nasopharyngeal samples obtained from 71 children, which included symptomatic (n = 64) and asymptomatic (n = 7) ones. They were collected every 7 days from the onset of the infection until negativation. Viral RNA was detected by real-time RT-PCR, targeting the N and ORF1 genes. Whole-genome sequencing was performed for positive cases. Viral isolation was assessed on Vero cells, followed by molecular detection confirmation. Results All cases included in this study (n = 71) were positive in their nasopharyngeal samples. SARS-CoV-2 RNA was detected in 36 stool samples obtained from 15 out of 71 (21.1%) children; 13 were symptomatic and two were asymptomatic. Excretion periods varied from 7 to 21 days and 7 to 14 days in nasopharyngeal and fecal samples, respectively. Four variants were detected: Alpha (n = 3), B.1. 160 (n = 3), Delta (n = 7), and Omicron (n = 1). Inoculation of stool samples on cell culture showed no specific cytopathic effect. All cell culture supernatants were negative for RT-qPCR. Conclusion Our study demonstrated nasopharyngeal and fecal shedding of SARS-CoV-2 RNA by children up to 21 and 14 days, respectively. Fecal shedding was recorded in symptomatic and asymptomatic children. Nevertheless, SARS-CoV-2 was not isolated from positive stool samples.
Using interface preferences as evidence of user identity: A feasibility study

Research on human-computer interaction currently focuses on enhancing system usability by establishing an appropriate user interface (UI) that depends on users’ features. Online users typically have different perceptions of their favored interface design depending on their preferences. Thus, those interface preferences could be utilized to recognize online users’ identities. User authentication is another critical issue that should be considered to improve online security mechanisms without compromising usability. This study investigates the feasibility of using UI preferences as evidence of user identity. The proposed method applies to the design preferences of users dealing with online systems (e.g., e-exam and e-banking). These preferences are closely associated with individual characteristics, whether physical, cognitive, psychological, psychomotor, demographic, or experience based. Many design characteristics could be used in online systems; for example, the e-exam interface design may use features such as the font (size, color, and face), the number of questions per page, background color, questions group, timer type, and sound alert. The feasibility evaluation of this study indicated that 96.8% of research participants have variations in their preferences, and each participant kept 94.5% of their design preferences throughout different sessions.
A STRATEGY OF PRODUCT AND PROCESS-ORIENTED DESIGN OF URBAN ENVIRONMENT QUALITIES

Urban design has experienced several evolutions in its short life in which transformation from a product-oriented approach to a process-oriented approach is one of them. The present research applies the product and process oriented views of urban design to examine various outputs that can improve the quality of urban environment. In this regard the points of view of five relevant scholars have been reviewed. Introducing a new approach in achieving the various quality of urban environment by applying the product-oriented approach and the processoriented approach is another aim of this research. Throughout the literature review, the urban qualities have been classified in ten categories. These qualities are assigned to two main classes of product-oriented approach and process-oriented approach by applying an intermediate set of tool. The outcome of the research helps designers to have a creative and methodological approach in facing each one of the highlighted qualities.