Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Adhesive Capsulitis of the Shoulder

&NA; Adhesive capsulitis is characterized by painful, gradual loss of active and passive shoulder motion resulting from fibrosis and contracture of the joint capsule. Other shoulder pathology can produce a similar clinical picture, however, and must be considered. Management is based on the underlying cause of pain and stiffness, and determination of the etiology is essential. Subtle clues in the history and physical examination can help differentiate adhesive capsulitis from other conditions that cause a stiff, painful shoulder. The natural history of adhesive capsulitis is a matter of controversy. Management of true capsular restriction of motion (ie, true adhesive capsulitis) begins with gentle, progressive stretching exercises. Most patients improve with nonsurgical treatment. Indications for surgery should be individualized. Failure to obtain symptomatic improvement and continued functional disability following ≥6 months of physical therapy is a general guideline for surgical intervention. Diligent postoperative therapy to maintain motion is required to minimize recurrence of adhesive capsulitis.
Orthographical and Phonological Written of Glides : A Comparison

This paper will discuss on the observation done on comparison of orthographic and phonological written syllables with glides. This is to show whether there is any different in pronouncing this two type of written Malay syllables. It is also important to know that Malay is a non-tonal language. Thus, this study will not be affected by semantic of a word. This comparison is important to determine whether it is necessary to have a parameter to represent different pronunciation between these two situations in our unit selection speech corpus.
Adjusting Survey Estimates for Response Bias: An Application to Trends in Alcohol and Marijuana Use

Using retrospective self-report data on ages at first use of alcohol and marijuana from nine National Household Surveys on Drug Abuse conducted between 1982 and 1995, the authors show that estimates of alcohol and marijuana incidence (initiation) during early adolescence decline with increases in the length of the time interval between the data collection and reference periods. The consistency of this finding by gender and across eight birth cohorts, surveyed at different ages at interview and lengths of retention, supports an interpretation in terms of retrospective reporting bias. The authors apply an exponential decay model to adjust the estimates for response bias and use the model to show how bias distorts trends in alcohol and marijuana incidence between 1961 and 1990. An analysis of changes in lifetime-incidence and age-at-first-use reports of birth cohorts as the cohorts age suggests that forward telescoping accounts for most underreporting of early alcohol use and that intentional concealment accounts for most underreporting of marijuana use.
Determining the optimal current direction of transcranial magnetic stimulation to induce motor responses in the tongue: A preliminary study of neurologically healthy individuals

Abstract Objective To determine the optimal transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) coil direction for inducing motor responses in the tongue in a group of non-neurologically impaired participants. Methods Single-pulse TMS was delivered using a figure-of-eight Magstim 2002 TMS coil. Study 1 investigated the effect of eight different TMS coil directions on the motor-evoked potentials elicited in the tongue in eight adults. Study 2 examined active motor threshold levels at optimal TMS coil direction compared to a customarily-used ventral-caudal direction. Study 3 repeated the procedure of Study 1 at five different sites across the tongue motor cortex in one adult. Results Inter-individual variability in optimal direction was observed, with an optimal range of directions determined for the group. Active motor threshold was reduced when a participant's own optimal TMS coil direction was used compared to the ventral-caudal direction. A restricted range of optimal directions was identified across the five cortical positions tested. Conclusions There is a need to identify each individual's own optimal TMS coil direction in investigating tongue motor cortex function. A recommended procedure for determining optimal coil direction is described. Significance Optimized TMS procedures are needed so that TMS can be utilized in determining the underlying neurophysiological basis of various motor speech disorders.
Voronoi-based deployment of mobile sensors in the face of adversaries

Mobile sensor networks enable the monitoring of remote and hostile environments without requiring human supervision. Several approaches have been proposed in the literature to let mobile sensors self-deploy over a region of interest. In this paper we study, for the first time, the vulnerabilities of one of the most referenced approaches to mobile sensor deployment, namely the Voronoi-based approach. We show that, by compromising a small number of sensors, an attacker can influence the sensor deployment causing a significant reduction of the monitoring capability of the network. We propose a secure deployment algorithm called SecureVOR. We formally prove that SecureVOR has guaranteed termination and that it allows legitimate sensors to detect the malicious behavior of compromised nodes. We also show by extensive simulations that SecureVOR is able to fulfill the network monitoring goals even in presence of an attack, at the expense of a small performance overhead.
Obesity, Adipocytokines and Cancer

A great amount of literature has demonstrated a connection between obesity, visceral fat and the metabolic disorders such as hyperglycemia, hypertension, and hyperlipidemia. Lately, there has been an increased interest in understanding if cancer is related to obesity and visceral fat accumulation. The prevalence of both obesity and cancer are increasing and there has been keen interest in the relationship between visceral adiposity and the biology of cancers. White adipose tissue (WAT) provides a limitless capacity for triglyceride storage vital for survival. The concurrent rise in insulin, glucose, and lipids during meals stimulates triglyceride formation and storage in WAT. WAT is also recognized as an endocrine organ that secretes multiple cytokines such as leptin and adiponectin. In addition, leptin and adiponectin have been adipocytokines that attracted attention for cancer research. Thus, in this review, we will describe recent progress made in obesity, visceral adiposity, leptin and adiponectin in the involvement of various cancers.
Self-Control in School-Age Children

Conflicts between immediately rewarding activities and more enduringly valued goals abound in the lives of school-age children. Such conflicts call upon children to exercise self-control, a competence that depends in part on the mastery of metacognitive, prospective strategies. The process model of self-control organizes these strategies into five families corresponding to sequential phases in the process by which undesired and desired impulses lose or gather force over time. Situation selection and situation modification strategies involve choosing or changing physical or social circumstances. Attentional deployment and cognitive change strategies involve altering whether and how objective features of the situation are mentally represented. Finally, response modulation strategies involve the direct suppression or enhancement of impulses. The process model of self-control predicts that strategies deployed earlier in the process of impulse generation and regulation generally will be more effective than those deployed later. Implications of this self-control perspective for school-age children are considered.
How does informativeness affect prosodic prominence?

A key function of prosodic prominence is to mark the most informative words in an utterance. However, informativeness has been conceptualised as, e.g., focus, given/new status or predictability; it is not clear how these are related. Furthermore, prominence is constrained by metrical prosodic structure. We present a new framework for prominence production: informativeness and prosodic factors are constraints on the probabilistic alignment of words with metrical structure. Informativeness operates on two levels, focus and lexical “accentability” (predictability, part-of-speech). Foci align with nuclear accents, however, this is affected by prosodic and “accentability” constraints. Accent prediction models (nuclear, non-nuclear, or unaccented) are presented for the Switchboard corpus. Consistent with our predictions, nuclear accents are more likely later in a phrase, and on focused words. The likelihood of nuclear and non-nuclear accents is affected by prosodic constraints (e.g., rhythm) and “accentability”. The implications for the role of prosody in language production are discussed.
High‐income Indian immigrants in Canada

The paper develops a socio‐economic profile of the Indo‐Canadian diaspora, arguably one of the largest Indian diaspora in the world and the second largest immigrant group in Canada, by analyzing landing records, tax data, and census and micro data files. The study suggests that Indian immigrants in Canada can be viewed as forming two broad streams: those who achieve incremental upward mobility with time in the country; and, those who do not experience much upward mobility even after residing in the country for many years. In particular, it examines the key determinants of the success of high‐income earners. The paper compares the Indo‐Canadian economic experience with that of the general Canadian population as well as other immigrants, principally Chinese immigrants. The paper argues that Canada has not benefited from the economic edge Indian and other transnational professionals and entrepreneurs offer.
Evaluation of the antiplasmodial and leishmanicidal potential of Myrciaria dubia (Myrtaceae) extract.

INTRODUCTION: Malaria and leishmaniasis are prevalent in tropical regions, which have environmental characteristics that are highly favorable to protozoa and vectors of these diseases; the transmission of these infections in sub-tropical regions, although recognized, represents only a small fraction of cases. Plants are constantly being used in the search for and acquisition of new drugs, and many compounds derived from them have been used to combat various diseases. In this study, we evaluated the action of the dichloromethanolic extract of Myrciaria dubia leaves against the protozoa Plasmodium falciparum, Leishmania amazonensis, Leishmania braziliensis, and Leishmania chagasi through bioassays. METHODS The extract from M. dubia was tested for its anti-P. falciparum activity in an anti-histidine-rich protein II immunosorbent assay. The antileishmanial assays were performed using the resazurin method, while cytotoxicity against human hepatoma (HepG2) strain was determined using the colorimetric MTT [3-(4, 5-dimethyl-2- thiazolyl)-2, 5-diphenyl-2H tetrazolium bromide] method. RESULTS The M. dubia extract presented a half-maximal inhibitory concentration equal to 2.35 (1.05)μg/mL for P. falciparum, 190.73 (6.41) μg/mL for L. amazonensis, and greater than equal to 200µg/mL for L. chagasi and L. braziliensis strains. The cytotoxic concentration for 50% of the cells was above 500μg/mL for HepG2, indicating no toxicity and greater selectivity against parasites. CONCLUSIONS The results obtained indicate the presence of antiplasmodial and leishmanicidal bioactive compounds in the dichloromethanolic extracts of M. dubia leaves, and point towards future studies to elucidate the mechanism of action for each physiological effect.
Surgical and Functional Results of Hybrid 25-27-Gauge Vitrectomy Combined with Coaxial 2.2 mm Small Incision Cataract Surgery

Purpose. To investigate outcomes after coaxial 2.2 mm small incision cataract surgery combined with hybrid 25-27-gauge vitrectomy in eyes with vitreoretinal disease and age-related cataract. Methods. A single-center, retrospective case series study of 55 subjects (55 eyes) with a mean age of 70 years who underwent combined small incision phacoemulsification, intraocular lens (IOL) implantation, and hybrid 25-27-gauge vitrectomy during the 12-month period to December 2014. Intraoperative and postoperative complications and visual results were the main outcome measures. Results. The mean follow-up period was 6 months (range: 2–18 months). Intraoperative findings were 3 retinal breaks (5.5%). No cases required corneal or scleral suture or conversion to larger-gauge vitrectomy. Postoperative complications consisted of posterior capsule opacification (12.7%), elevated intraocular pressure >30 mmHg (1.8%), and fibrin reaction (5.5%). There were no cases of hypotony (<7 mmHg), IOL decentration, or postoperative endophthalmitis. Visual acuity (mean ± SD) improved from 0.52 ± 0.6 logMAR preoperatively to 0.22 ± 0.46 logMAR at final postoperative visit (P < 0.0001). Conclusion. Surgical and visual outcomes suggest hybrid 25-27-gauge vitrectomy combined with small incision phacoemulsification and IOL implantation is feasible, safe, and effective as a one-step surgical procedure for the management of vitreoretinal pathologies and concurrent cataract.
The impact of global climate change on the spread of parasitic nematodes

Climate changes may influence the frequency, intensity and geographical distribution of parasites, directly affecting their dispersive stages in the environment (eggs, larvae) and, indirectly, the larvae living mainly in invertebrate intermediate hosts. In biologically diverse nematodes climate warming contributes to the increase in the range of distribution, colonization of new hosts and modification of their development cycles. This is particularly acute in the Arctic and pertains, for instance, to nematodes Ostertagia gruehneri and Setaria tundra parasitizing reindeer Rangifer tarandus and Umingmakstrongylus pallikuukensis in musk oxen (Ovibos moschatus). Increase in range expansion of mosquitoes Culicidae caused that nematodes of the genus Dirofilaria, especially D. repens, have been listed in autochthonous invasions even in the northern and eastern European countries. In addition, extended range of occurrence is also shown by Ancylostoma braziliense – a parasite of carnivores in the tropical and subtropical countries. In recent years over 20 cases of autochthonous creeping eruption (CE) caused by cutanea larva migrans (CLM) A. braziliense were detected in people in southern Europe (Italy, Spain, France, Germany).
Galactodendritic Phthalocyanine Targets Carbohydrate-Binding Proteins Enhancing Photodynamic Therapy

Photosensitizers (PSs) are of crucial importance in the effectiveness of photodynamic therapy (PDT) for cancer. Due to their high reactive oxygen species production and strong absorption in the wavelength range between 650 and 850 nm, where tissue light penetration is rather high, phthalocyanines (Pcs) have been studied as PSs of excellence. In this work, we report the evaluation of a phthalocyanine surrounded by a carbohydrate shell of sixteen galactose units distributed in a dendritic manner (PcGal16) as a new and efficient third generation PSs for PDT against two bladder cancer cell lines, HT-1376 and UM-UC-3. Here, we define the role of galacto-dendritic units in promoting the uptake of a Pc through interaction with GLUT1 and galectin-1. The photoactivation of PcGal16 induces cell death by generating oxidative stress. Although PDT with PcGal16 induces an increase on the activity of antioxidant enzymes immediately after PDT, bladder cancer cells are unable to recover from the PDT-induced damage effects for at least 72 h after treatment. PcGal16 co-localization with galectin-1 and GLUT1 and/or generation of oxidative stress after PcGal16 photoactivation induces changes in the levels of these proteins. Knockdown of galectin-1 and GLUT1, via small interfering RNA (siRNA), in bladder cancer cells decreases intracellular uptake and phototoxicity of PcGal16. The results reported herein show PcGal16 as a promising therapeutic agent for the treatment of bladder cancer, which is the fifth most common type of cancer with the highest rate of recurrence of any cancer.
Hierarchical Dialogue Management

The dialogue management in a Spoken Dialogue System aims at learning a decision rule that can select the best system action in response to the user goal. However, this task results extremely hard for on-line applications, especially because these systems usually act in a multi-domain setting and require a large amount of training data. Additionally, the environment they have to perform in is generally highly noisy, because of the variability of human speech that causes errors in the transcriptions. As a consequence, the input received by the system is corrupted and the response provided to the user is consequently affected. Moreover, the uncertainty on the user intention generates a large input space, since every possible utterance needs to be considered. Therefore, the computational cost dramatically increases and contributes to the complexity of the optimisation problem. In this work, we try to exploit the similarities between the domains and improve the generalisation capability of the model when a large set of domains is considered. For this purpose, we build a treestructured hierarchy for organising the domains, so that similar domains are clustered together. We show that the approach proposed provides performances that are generally comparable to the most recently used models in the literature. Furthermore, the slight improvements gained in some of the experiments open to other developments for future works.
Easier Said Than Done

A Canadian context for the diagnosis of students with specific learning disabilities (LD) was investigated in the present literature review. A systematic review of the literature was undertaken to determine the current and best practices in this field. Overall, no agreed upon definition of LD was identified, although core similarities in definitions were noted. Furthermore, recent research shows that many psychological assessments fail to adhere to any one definition when making this diagnosis, and as a result the diagnosis may or may not reflect the presence of a permanent disability that impairs academic functioning at the postsecondary level. There is, therefore, a need to adopt a consistent, evidence-based approach to diagnosis of LD in Canada. Recommendations regarding best practices and appropriate criteria for diagnosis of LD are discussed.
On the study of educational and occupational life-paths in psychology: Commentary on the special issue

These papers represent continuing advances in the study of educational and occupational life-paths in psychology. In this commentary, I discuss the findings of each paper within a developmental systems theoretical framework. In doing so, I highlight the continuing need for psychologists to expand their view of the spectrum of psychological processes on the one hand, and the array of social environmental opportunities and barriers on the other, that co-contribute to how people make consequential life choices involving their education and careers. I conclude by discussing issues of agency, awareness, opportunity, and competing demands in assessing individuals' life choices; as well as the need for psychologists to study issues of equity in education in international contexts.
Brain-state–independent neural representation of peripheral stimulation in rat olfactory bulb

It is critical for normal brains to perceive the external world precisely and accurately under ever-changing operational conditions, yet the mechanisms underlying this fundamental brain function in the sensory systems are poorly understood. To address this issue in the olfactory system, we investigated the responses of olfactory bulbs to odor stimulations under different brain states manipulated by anesthesia levels. Our results revealed that in two brain states, where the spontaneous baseline activities differed about twofold based on the local field potential (LFP) signals, the levels of neural activities reached after the same odor stimulation had no significant difference. This phenomenon was independent of anesthetics (pentobarbital or chloral hydrate), stimulating odorants (ethyl propionate, ethyl butyrate, ethyl valerate, amyl acetate, n-heptanal, or 2-heptanone), odor concentrations, and recording sites (the mitral or granular cell layers) for LFPs in three frequency bands (12–32 Hz, 33–64 Hz, and 65–90 Hz) and for multiunit activities. Furthermore, the activity patterns of the same stimulation under these two brain states were highly similar at both LFP and multiunit levels. These converging results argue the existence of mechanisms in the olfactory bulbs that ensure the delivery of peripheral olfactory information to higher olfactory centers with high fidelity under different brain states.
Load sharing in human-robot cooperative manipulation

Physical cooperation with humans greatly enhances the capabilities of robotic systems when leaving standardized industrial settings. In particular, manipulation of bulky objects in narrow environments requires cooperating partners. Actuation redundancies arising in joint manipulation impose the question of load sharing among the interacting partners. In this paper, effort sharing policies are systematically derived from the geometric and dynamic task properties. Three policies are intuitively identified, resulting in unilateral and balanced effort distributions. These policies are evaluated within a novel hierarchical motion generation and control framework. The synthesized system is successfully validated in a three-degrees-of-freedom planar tracking experiment. This evaluation shows an interdependency of the load sharing strategy and the resulting task performance.
A Decision Support Model for Bank Branch Location Selection

Location selection is one of the most important decision making process which requires to consider several criteria based on the mission and the strategy. This study’s object is to provide a decision support model in order to help the bank selecting the most appropriate location for a bank’s branch considering a case study in Turkey. The object of the bank is to select the most appropriate city for opening a branch among six alternatives in the South-Eastern of Turkey. The model in this study was consisted of five main criteria which are Demographic, Socio-Economic, Sectoral Employment , Banking and Trade Potential and twenty one sub-criteria which represent the bank’s mission and strategy. Because of the multi-criteria structure of the problem and the fuzziness in the comparisons of the criteria, fuzzy AHP is used and for the ranking of the alternatives, TOPSIS method is used.
A Vortex Method for Bi-phasic Fluids Interacting with Rigid Bodies

We present an accurate Lagrangian method based on vortex particles, level-sets, and immersed boundary methods, for animating the interplay between two fluids and rigid solids. We show that a vortex method is a good choice for simulating bi-phase flow, such as liquid and gas, with a good level of realism. Vortex particles are localized at the interfaces between the two fluids and within the regions of high turbulence. We gain local precision and efficiency from the stable advection permitted by the vorticity formulation. Moreover, our numerical method straightforwardly solves the two-way coupling problem between the fluids and animated rigid solids. This new approach is validated through numerical comparisons with reference experiments from the computational fluid community. We also show that the visually appealing results obtained in the CG community can be reproduced with increased efficiency and an easier implementation.