Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Planning on the Edge: England's Rural — Urban Fringe and the Spatial-Planning Agenda

Planning at the edge of cities has, in the past, largely been concerned with containment, with the promotion of more compact urban form, and with the planned separation of rural and urban land use and activities. However, there has been some inevitable blurring of these uses, to create a unique landscape—an interface between town and country—sometimes labelled the rural–urban fringe. This landscape has been created more by fortune than design: less favoured urban uses—sewage works, mental institutions, asylum centres, breakers' yards, etc—have been pushed away from residential areas. Rural uses, mainly farming and forestry, have become mingled with this particular assemblage of urban activities to create a hybrid landscape. Planning, however, has been a relatively inert force at the edge: seeking to contain (perhaps through greenbelts) but not seeking to improve or to manage. In England, our principal focus in this paper, a number of commentators have expressed a concern for this apparent inertia, arguing that planning could do more to ‘manage’ the fringe, creating new social, economic, and environmental opportunities. We draw on a review of policies and programmes affecting the fringe, and argue that spatial planning—able to integrate land uses, and different activities and interests-may create such opportunities. We highlight what planning might seek to achieve at the edge, and how any programme of change might be driven forward.
Energy efficient percolation-driven flood routing for large-scale sensor networks

Flooding algorithms are widely used in ad-hoc sensor networks, especially as building blocks of more sophisticated routing protocols. A distributed percolation-driven energy efficient probabilistic flood routing algorithm is proposed, which provides large message delivery ratio with small number of sent messages, using neighborhood information only. The performance of the algorithm is analyzed and the theoretical results are verified through simulation examples.
Immunoexpression of bone morphogenetic protein-2 (BMP-2), BMP receptor type IA, and BMP receptor type II in metastatic and non-metastatic lower lip squamous cell carcinoma.

BACKGROUND The aim of this study was to evaluate the expression of bone morphogenetic protein-2 (BMP-2), BMPR-IA, and BMPR-II in metastatic and non-metastatic lower lip squamous cell carcinoma (LLSCC). METHODS Twenty LLSCC with regional nodal metastasis and 20 LLSCC without metastasis were selected for analysis of the immunoexpression of BMP-2, BMPR-IA, and BMPR-II. The percentage of positive cells was evaluated according to the following parameters: score 1 (staining in 0-50% of cells), score 2 (staining in 51-75% of cells), and score 3 (staining in >75% of cells). Immunostaining intensity was evaluated according to the following scores: score 1 (absent or weak expression) and score 2 (strong expression). RESULTS Regarding the percentage of positive cells, most tumors with and without metastasis showed score 3 for both BMP-2 (P = 0.655) and BMPR-IA (P = 0.655). For BMPR-II, metastatic tumors exhibited higher percentage of positive cells in comparison with non-metastatic tumors (P = 0.049). With respect to immunostaining intensity, most LLSCCs with and without metastasis showed score 2 for BMP-2 (P = 1.000) and score 1 for BMPR-II (P = 1.000). For BMPR-IA, most metastatic tumors presented score 2, whereas most non-metastatic tumors showed score 1 (P < 0.001). Strong expression of BMPR-IA showed a statistically significant association with advanced clinical staging (P < 0.001) and high score of malignancy (P = 0.028). CONCLUSIONS The results of this study suggest that disturbances in the BMP-2 signaling pathway may be involved in the development of LLSCC and that the strong expression of BMPR-IA might be indicative of the development of metastasis in these lesions.
Kinetic energy and microcanonical nonanalyticities in finite and infinite systems

In contrast to the canonical case, microcanonical thermodynamic functions can show nonanalyticities also for finite systems. In this paper we contribute to the understanding of these nonanalyticities by working out the relation between nonanalyticities of the microcanonical entropy and its configurational counterpart. If the configurational microcanonical entropy ωNc(v) has a nonanalyticity at v = vc, then the microcanonical entropy ωN(ε) has a nonanalyticity at the same value ε = vc of its argument for any finite value of the number of degrees of freedom N. The presence of the kinetic energy weakens the nonanalyticities such that, if the configurational entropy is p-times differentiable, the entropy is -times differentiable. In the thermodynamic limit, however, the behaviour is very different: the nonanalyticities no longer occur at the same values of the arguments, and the nonanalyticity of the microcanonical entropy is shifted to a larger energy. These results give a general explanation of the peculiar behaviour previously observed for the mean-field spherical model. With the hypercubic model we provide a further example illustrating our results.
Overexpression of MERTK Receptor Tyrosine Kinase in Epithelial Cancer Cells Drives Efferocytosis in a Gain-of-Function Capacity*

Background: Overexpression of MERTK tyrosine kinase is observed in many human cancers. Results: MERTK has a potent gain-of-function capacity to stimulate efferocytosis in epithelial cells. Conclusion: When overexpressed, MERTK acts as a preeminent efferocytosis receptor that is targetable by soluble Ig-domain containing TAM receptors. Significance: Our findings provide new mechanistic insight into how MERTK may impinge on tumor progression by enhancing efferocytosis. MERTK, a member of the TAM (TYRO3, AXL, and MERTK) receptor tyrosine kinases, has complex and diverse roles in cell biology. On the one hand, knock-out of MERTK results in age-dependent autoimmunity characterized by failure of apoptotic cell clearance, while on the other, MERTK overexpression in cancer drives classical oncogene pathways leading to cell transformation. To better understand the interplay between cell transformation and efferocytosis, we stably expressed MERTK in human MCF10A cells, a non-tumorigenic breast epithelial cell line devoid of endogenous MERTK. While stable expression of MERTK in MCF10A resulted in enhanced motility and AKT-mediated chemoprotection, MERTK-10A cells did not form stable colonies in soft agar, or enhance proliferation compared with parental MCF10A cells. Concomitant to chemoresistance, MERTK also stimulated efferocytosis in a gain-of-function capacity. However, unlike AXL, MERTK activation was highly dependent on apoptotic cells, suggesting MERTK may preferentially interface with phosphatidylserine. Consistent with this idea, knockdown of MERTK in breast cancer cells MDA-MB 231 reduced efferocytosis, while transient or stable expression of MERTK stimulated apoptotic cell clearance in all cell lines tested. Moreover, human breast cancer cells with higher endogenous MERTK showed higher levels of efferocytosis that could be blocked by soluble TAM receptors. Finally, through MERTK, apoptotic cells induced PD-L1 expression, an immune checkpoint blockade, suggesting that cancer cells may adopt MERTK-driven efferocytosis as an immune suppression mechanism for their advantage. These data collectively identify MERTK as a significant link between cancer progression and efferocytosis, and a potentially unrealized tumor-promoting event when MERTK is overexpressed in epithelial cells.
Community work, citizenship and democracy: re-making the connections

This paper is an attempt to do four things: first, to review key phases in the post-war development of community work and to identify the discourses of citizenship implicit within them (i.e. social democracy: the problem of the inactive citizen; the structuralist critique: the problem of citizen action; marketization: the problem of the citizen as customer; democratic renewal: the challenge of active citizenship); second, to argue that the contemporary context requires new ways of thinking about the relationship between community work, citizenship and democ- racy; third, to assess the significance of the recent history of community work for this task; finally, to consider the extent to which the current interest in democratic renewal presents opportunities for reconstructing this relationship. At a time when community work seems to be so directly tied to the apron strings of the state - indeed, increasingly incorporated within state policy - it is all the more important to stand back and take stock. The main elements of the argument are brought together in a summary table at the end of the text. Introduction: time to take stock In Britain, New Labour has been concerned to promote 'democratic renewal' as one of its big ideas through a variety of new policy initiatives aimed at devolution of decision-making and community involvement. This could be viewed by some as a deepening of democracy - or 'democratiz- ing democracy' in Anthony Giddens' terms; by others, with more scepti- cism, as a move from formally constituted Local Authority to informally concocted local authority (Patrick, 1999). The question therefore arises as to whether popular participatory initiatives such as these offer real possibilities for a renewal of democracy or whether more governance could, in fact, mean less democracy. In order to address this question, we make a distinction between community development as an instrument of state policy and community work as the active intervention of professional workers in communities (engaging with both the policy context and popular issues and concerns). In this sense, and stated somewhat crudely, for the purposes of our argument, community development may be said to
A hybrid modeling approach for forecasting the volatility of REITs index in US market

Nonlinear estimation is widely accepted by many studies that analyze the financial market, and neural network is one of the effective methods to predict the volatility of market return, especially the US Real Estate Investment Trusts market (REITs). Unfortunately, many of these studies fail to consider alternative techniques of data mining, the relevance of input variables, as well as the performance of modeling. This paper introduce the informatics techniques to select the most relevant input variables for the REITs market, and evaluate the predictive relationship between NAREIT REITs index and numerous financial and economic variables. In this study, we implement the hybrid models which incorporate a series of GARCH family model and artificial neural network (ANN) to examine their ability to provide an effective forecast of future volatility of US REITs market. Our results suggest that Exponential general Autoregressive Conditional Heteroskedastic-ity (EGARCH) model has the highest predict power to the volatility of NAREITs index. Furthermore, the hybrid mode ANN-EGARCH model perform a outstanding predictive power for the in-sample forecasting.
Model-based clustering of array CGH data

Motivation: Analysis of array comparative genomic hybridization (aCGH) data for recurrent DNA copy number alterations from a cohort of patients can yield distinct sets of molecular signatures or profiles. This can be due to the presence of heterogeneous cancer subtypes within a supposedly homogeneous population. Results: We propose a novel statistical method for automatically detecting such subtypes or clusters. Our approach is model based: each cluster is defined in terms of a sparse profile, which contains the locations of unusually frequent alterations. The profile is represented as a hidden Markov model. Samples are assigned to clusters based on their similarity to the cluster's profile. We simultaneously infer the cluster assignments and the cluster profiles using an expectation maximization-like algorithm. We show, using a realistic simulation study, that our method is significantly more accurate than standard clustering techniques. We then apply our method to two clinical datasets. In particular, we examine previously reported aCGH data from a cohort of 106 follicular lymphoma patients, and discover clusters that are known to correspond to clinically relevant subgroups. In addition, we examine a cohort of 92 diffuse large B-cell lymphoma patients, and discover previously unreported clusters of biological interest which have inspired followup clinical research on an independent cohort. Availability: Software and synthetic datasets are available at http://www.cs. ubc.ca/∼sshah/acgh as part of the CNA-HMMer package. Contact: sshah@bccrc.ca Supplementary information: Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.
Analysis and prediction of leucine-rich nuclear export signals.

We present a thorough analysis of nuclear export signals and a prediction server, which we have made publicly available. The machine learning prediction method is a significant improvement over the generally used consensus patterns. Nuclear export signals (NESs) are extremely important regulators of the subcellular location of proteins. This regulation has an impact on transcription and other nuclear processes, which are fundamental to the viability of the cell. NESs are studied in relation to cancer, the cell cycle, cell differentiation and other important aspects of molecular biology. Our conclusion from this analysis is that the most important properties of NESs are accessibility and flexibility allowing relevant proteins to interact with the signal. Furthermore, we show that not only the known hydrophobic residues are important in defining a nuclear export signals. We employ both neural networks and hidden Markov models in the prediction algorithm and verify the method on the most recently discovered NESs. The NES predictor (NetNES) is made available for general use at http://www.cbs. dtu.dk/.
PIPENET: A Wireless Sensor Network for Pipeline Monitoring

US water utilities are faced with mounting operational and maintenance costs as a result of aging pipeline infrastructures. Leaks and ruptures in water supply pipelines and blockages and overflow events in sewer collectors cost millions of dollars a year, and monitoring and repairing this underground infrastructure presents a severe challenge. In this paper, we discuss how wireless sensor networks (WSNs) can increase the spatial and temporal resolution of operational data from pipeline infrastructures and thus address the challenge of near real-time monitoring and eventually control. We focus on the use of WSNs for monitoring large diameter bulk-water transmission pipelines. We outline a system, PipeNet, we have been developing for collecting hydraulic and acoustic/vibration data at high sampling rates as well as algorithms for analyzing this data to detect and locate leaks. Challenges include sampling at high data rates, maintaining aggressive duty cycles, and ensuring tightly time- synchronized data collection, all under a strict power budget. We have carried out an extensive field trial with Boston Water and Sewer Commission in order to evaluate some of the critical components of PipeNet. Along with the results of this preliminary trial, we describe the results of extensive laboratory experiments which are used to evaluate our analysis and data processing solutions. Our prototype deployment has led to the development of a reusable, field-reprogrammable software infrastructure for distributed high-rate signal processing in wireless sensor networks, which we also describe.
Verifiable Attribute-Based Multi-keyword Search over Encrypted Cloud Data in Multi-owner Setting

Searchable encryption is crucial for the encrypted data utilization, especially in the database generated by multiple owners. Many existing schemes support single keyword query, and assume that the search users are authorized and the returned results are correct. However, single keyword query wastes network bandwidth and computing resources, and these assumptions are not suitable for more realistic scenarios. To solve the above problems, we present a verifiable attribute-based encryption scheme supporting mulit-keyword search. The scheme allows data owners to set access control for the encrypted data via the ciphertext-policy attribute-based encryption, which can classify the sensitive data and provide search services for users according to the access rights. Meanwhile, by setting an authentication tag with the reciprocal of data owner's secret value for each encrypted data, users can verify the returned results owned by multiple owners. Finally, in the random oracle model, our scheme is proven to be selectively secure against chosen-keyword attack based on the generic bilinear group model, and the valid proof information of the verification phase is proven to be unforgeable based on the variant of BDH assumption. Compared with the existing searchable encryption schemes, the proposed scheme has the advantages of supporting both fine-grained access and the verifiability in multi-owner setting, without sacrificing the efficiency.
Motivating Factors for Teachers: Case Study Analysis

The article analyses the problem of teachers‘ motivation. The continuous change in the teaching process alters the comprehension and principles of teaching substance. Every education organization is unique, having its own culture. Therefore, only the employees‘ ability to work creatively and innovatively influences the successful work of a school. The requirements of education reform motivate the teachers‘ and leaders‘ creativity and initiatives. However, only by solving the means of motivation correctly the teachers will be purposefully involved into the processes of school activity. The applied methods of analysis were analysis of scientific literature and documents, expert interview, analysis and interpretation of the research results. The article presents an overview of scientific literature. In addition, the results of the research may be applied in improving the school activity, motivating teachers for more effective work by considering the satisfaction of employees‘ needs. The research revealed the essential factors influencing teachers‘ motivation in schools.
Professions and Powerlessness: Female Marginality in the Learned Occupations

This paper argues that the existing sociological literature on the learned professions and on scientific occupations has developed in ways that are now theoretically unproductive. One sympton of this dead-end is the failure of sociologists of the professions to include research on scientists in their discussions and vice versa. A second symptom is the lack of attention to the implications of the work of Jamous, Peloille. and Bourdieu in both the sociology of scientists and of professions. The third symptom of the malaise is the failure to generate sociologically plausible explanations for the marginalisation of female entrants to science and the professions. The paper argues that a novel direction for sociological argument can be derived by remedying the three symptoms simultaneously.
Circumstances surrounding end of life in a pediatric intensive care unit.

OBJECTIVE Approximately 60% of deaths in pediatric intensive care units follow limitation or withdrawal of life-sustaining treatment (LST). We aimed to describe the circumstances surrounding decision making and end-of-life care in this setting. METHODS We conducted a prospective, descriptive study based on a survey with the intensivist after every consecutive death during an 8-month period in a single multidisciplinary pediatric intensive care unit. Summary statistics are presented as percentage, mean +/- standard deviation, or median and range; data are compared using the Mantel-Haenszel test and shown as survival curves. RESULTS Of the 99 observed deaths, 27 involved failed cardiopulmonary resuscitation; of the remaining 72, 39 followed withdrawal/limitation (W/LT) of LST, 20 were do not resuscitate (DNR), and 13 were brain deaths (BDs). Families initiated discussions about forgoing LST in 24% (17 of 72) of cases. Consensus between caregivers and staff about forgoing LST as the best approach was reached after the first meeting with 51% (35 of 68) of families; 46% (31 of 68) required >or=2 meetings (4 not reported). In the DNR group, the median time to death after consensus was 24 hours and for W/LT was 3 hours. LST was later withdrawn in 11 of 20 DNR cases. The family was present in 76% (45 of 59) of cases when LST was forgone. The dying patient was held by the family in 78% (35 of 45) of these occasions. CONCLUSIONS More than 1 formal meeting was required to reach consensus with families about forgoing LST in almost half of the patients. Families often held their child at the time of death. The majority of children died quickly after the end-of-life decision was made.
Charles R. Berger and James J. Bradac, Language and social knowledge: Uncertainty in interpersonal relations . London: Edward Arnold, 1982. Pp. viii + 151.

Labov, W. (1966). The social stratification of English in New York City. Washington, D.C.: Center for Applied Linguistics. Salisbury, R. (1962). Notes on bilingualism and linguistic change in New Guinea. Anthropological Linguistics 4:1-13. Sansome, B. (1980). The camp at Wallaby Cross: Aboriginal fringe dwellers in Darwin. Canberra: Australian Institute of Aboriginal Studies. Scollon, R. & Scollon, S. B. K. (1981). Narrative, literacy, and face in interethnic communication. Norwood, N.J.: Ablex. Sorenson, A. (1967). Multilingualism in the Northwest Amazon. American Anthropologist 69:672-84. Wallerstein, I. (1976). The modern world-system. New York: Academic Press.
The Concept of Distance in International Business Research: A Review and Research Agenda

This paper reviews the literature on the effects of distance arising from country differences on outcomes at the firm and subsidiary level. It provides some clarity on what has been learned so far about distance by answering four questions: Which distance? Why does distance matter? What outcomes are affected by distance? and What aggravates or alleviates the effects of distance? Based on the review of the literature, a set of future research suggestions are developed, intended to direct attention to research questions that the authors believe are among the most pressing questions in distance research and that may have the potential to advance the field substantially.
DARE: DoF-Aided Random Encoding for Network Coding Over Lossy Line Networks

In this letter, we propose a practical (low delay and low overhead) and simple (low complexity) network coding strategy for real time transmission over lossy line networks. We propose Systematic Random Coding (SRC) as outer code, which is performed at the transmitter node. The inner code is a combination of random coding and repetition coding (over innovative packets only) performed at the intermediate nodes. Our solution, which we term DARE (DoF Aided Random Encoding) minimizes overall processing complexity, delay, and overhead w.r. t. state-of-the art network coding proposals. We derive a theoretical lower bound on the achievable rates of DARE and validate it with simulations. Our simulation results show that DARE guarantees maximum achievable rates (up to 103.36%) higher than those achieved by routing. Furthermore, enabling DARE to be adaptive to the channel conditions allows trade off, whether to encode or not, since by not encoding (e.g., in some cases) up to 50% complexity reduction can be obtained with up to 0.2% loss in the maximum achievable rates.