Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Hardware-Based Comparative Analysis of Multilevel Inverter Topologies for Integrated Motor Drives Considering Overload Operation

With today's demand for increased industrial process automation a trend towards Integrated Motor Drives (IMDs) has evolved allowing a low complexity and compact installation of the drive system. Especially servo applications with high short-term overload requirements (e.g., three times the nominal current for several seconds) are a thermal challenge for the power electronics. Consequently, high efficiencies and power densities are key requirements of these motor-integrated Variable Speed Drives (VSDs). Multi-Level (ML) inverter topologies allow small <inline-formula><tex-math notation="LaTeX">$LC$</tex-math></inline-formula> output filter designs and benefit from utilizing low-voltage semiconductors with superior conduction and switching performance, and thus represent an interesting approach for future IMDs. In this work an experimental comparison between three different <inline-formula><tex-math notation="LaTeX">$800 \,\mathrm{V}$</tex-math></inline-formula> DC link supplied drive systems is presented, namely between a 3L Flying Capacitor Converter (3L-FCC) (employing <inline-formula><tex-math notation="LaTeX">$650 \,\mathrm{V}$</tex-math></inline-formula> GaN HEMTs), a 7L Flying Capacitor Converter (7L-FCC) (using <inline-formula><tex-math notation="LaTeX">$200 \,\mathrm{V}$</tex-math></inline-formula> Si MOSFETs) and its promising alternative, a 7L Hybrid Active Neutral-Point Clamped Converter (7L-HANPC) (using both, <inline-formula><tex-math notation="LaTeX">$650 \,\mathrm{V}$</tex-math></inline-formula> GaN HEMTs and <inline-formula><tex-math notation="LaTeX">$200 \,\mathrm{V}$</tex-math></inline-formula> Si MOSFETs). All three systems are realized as hardware demonstrators for the same specifications, i.e., for integration into a Permanent Magnet Synchronous Motor (PMSM) with a case temperature of <inline-formula><tex-math notation="LaTeX">$90 \,\mathrm{^{\circ }C}$</tex-math></inline-formula>, <inline-formula><tex-math notation="LaTeX">$7.5 \,\mathrm{k}\mathrm{W}$</tex-math></inline-formula> nominal output power at <inline-formula><tex-math notation="LaTeX">$>$</tex-math></inline-formula><inline-formula><tex-math notation="LaTeX">$99\%$</tex-math></inline-formula> efficiency and a short-term overload capability of three times the nominal current for <inline-formula><tex-math notation="LaTeX">$3 \,\mathrm{s}$</tex-math></inline-formula>. Thereby, the efficiencies and the thermally critical overload capability are experimentally verified. Overall, the 3L-FCC shows the best performance trade-off with lowest complexity and/or highest reliability and minimal control effort.
Association between cerebrospinal fluid clusterin and biomarkers of Alzheimer’s disease pathology in mild cognitive impairment: a longitudinal cohort study

Background Clusterin, a glycoprotein implicated in Alzheimer’s disease (AD), remains unclear. The objective of this study was to analyze the effect of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) clusterin in relation to AD biomarkers using a longitudinal cohort of non-demented individuals. Methods We gathered a sample comprising 86 individuals under cognition normal (CN) and 134 patients diagnosed with MCI via the Alzheimer’s Disease Neuroimaging Initiative (ADNI) database. To investigate the correlation of CSF clusterin with cognitive function and markers of key physiological changes, we employed multiple linear regression and mixed-effect models. We undertook a causal mediation analysis to inspect the mediating influence of CSF clusterin on cognitive abilities. Results Pathological characteristics associated with baseline Aβ42, Tau, brain volume, exhibited a correlation with initial CSF clusterin in the general population, Specifically, these correlations were especially prominent in the MCI population; CSF Aβ42 (PCN = 0.001; PMCI = 0.007), T-tau (PCN < 0.001; PMCI < 0.001), and Mid temporal (PCN = 0.033; PMCI = 0.005). Baseline CSF clusterin level was predictive of measurable cognitive shifts in the MCI population, as indicated by MMSE (β = 0.202, p = 0.029), MEM (β = 0.186, p = 0.036), RAVLT immediate recall (β = 0.182, p = 0.038), and EF scores (β = 0.221, p = 0.013). In MCI population, the alterations in brain regions (17.87% of the total effect) mediated the effect of clusterin on cognition. It was found that variables such as age, gender, and presence of APOE ε4 carrier status, influenced some of these connections. Conclusion Our investigation underscored a correlation between CSF clusterin concentrations and pivotal AD indicators, while also highlighting clusterin’s potential role as a protective factor for cognitive abilities in MCI patients.
Regional patterns of total nitrogen concentrations in the National Rivers and Streams Assessment

Patterns of nitrogen (N) concentrations in streams sampled by the National Rivers and Streams Assessment (NRSA) were examined semiquantitatively to identify regional differences in stream N levels. The data were categorized and analyzed by watershed size classes to reveal patterns of the concentrations that are consistent with the spatial homogeneity in natural and anthropogenic characteristics associated with regional differences in N levels. Ecoregions and mapped information on human activities including agricultural practices were used to determine the resultant regions. Marked differences in N levels were found among the nine aggregations of ecoregions used to report the results of the NRSA. We identified distinct regional patterns of stream N concentrations within the reporting regions that are associated with the characteristics of specific Level III ecoregions, groups of Level III ecoregions, groups of Level IV ecoregions, certain geographic characteristics within ecoregions, and/or particular watershed size classes. We described each of these regions and illustrated their areal extent and median and range in N concentrations. Understanding the spatial variability of nutrient concentrations in flowing waters and the apparent contributions that human and nonhuman factors have on different sizes of streams and rivers is critical to the development of effective water quality assessment and management plans. This semi-quantitative analysis is also intended to identify areas within which more detailed quantitative work can be conducted to determine specific regional factors associated with variations in stream N concentrations.
THE FIRST CENOZOIC MAMMAL FAUNA FROM THE CHILEAN ALTIPLANO

Despite its richness, South America's Cenozoic mammal record is strongly biased geographically towards a small portion of the continent, mainly Patagonia. The rapidly growing list of major Cenozoic localities at lower latitudes thus marks a significant advance in our understanding of mammalian evolution in South America (see summaries in Flynn and Swisher, 1995; Flynn and Wyss, 1998). This paper reports the discovery of the first Cenozoic mammal fauna known from the Chilean Altiplano. It is part of an ongoing collaborative effort to sample faunas of a variety of ages across a large latitudinal transect of western South America, the goal of which is to elucidate temporal patterns of provincialism within the continent, as well as the tectonic and uplift history of the Andes Mountains and associated paleoenvi
Physical Conditions, Carbon Transport, and Climate Change Impacts in a Northeast Greenland Fjord

Abstract This paper presents data on physical conditions and carbon transport in a typical northeast Greenland fjord along with predictions of expected changes in the area due to climate change. The fjord has an average depth of 100 m; the maximum depth is 360 m, and a sill at a depth of 45 m is found at its entrance. Sea ice covers the fjord from early October to late July. The freshwater input to the fjord, occurring from June to September, is 1063 × 106 m3 from the catchment area (3109 km2) and 440 × 106 m3 from melting of sea ice. During the ice-free period this buoyancy input and mixing by wind and tides results in an estuarine circulation in which lighter low-salinity water is moved seaward above denser water from the Greenland Sea. The tidal amplitude is 0.8 to 1.5 m, and the transport of tides from the outer parts of the fjord to the inner parts is delayed less than 15 min due to low friction in the fjord system. During the ice-free period, a net carbon input of 15–50 t C d−1 occurs in the outer region of the fjord due to transport from land and the adjacent Greenland Sea. A regional atmosphere-ocean model predicts a temperature increase of 6–8°C at the end of this century (2071–2100) that will lead to increase in freshwater runoff, thinning of the sea ice, and an increase in ice-free conditions from 2.5 mo to 4.7–5.3 mo in Young Sound. The increased freshwater input will greatly enhance the estuarine circulation and nutrient input to the fjord and is expected to increase biological productivity.
Independent Stage Classification for Gastroesophageal Junction Adenocarcinoma

Simple Summary In gastroesophageal junction (GEJ) adenocarcinoma cases, a prognosis based on ypTNM staging could be affected by preoperative therapy. In this study, we investigated 11,340 patients with GEJ adenocarcinoma who received preoperative therapy followed by curative-intent surgery and examined the clinicopathologic factors associated with overall survival (OS). We found that median OS durations in patients with GEJ adenocarcinoma, when sorted by stage, were substantially different from those of patients with adenocarcinoma of the upper or middle esophagus or of the non-cardia stomach. Additionally, preoperative chemoradiotherapy (CXRT) was associated with lower OS rates than chemotherapy after adjustment for the ypT and ypN categories. These results indicate that we should develop an independent GEJ staging system, rather than separating GEJ cancers into either esophageal or gastric cancers and using those staging systems, for better OS prediction. The OS prediction nomogram developed in this study, which included a preoperative therapy regimen, provided reasonable OS prediction. Abstract In gastroesophageal junction (GEJ) adenocarcinoma cases, a prognosis based on ypTNM staging could be affected by preoperative therapy. Patients with esophageal adenocarcinoma and gastric adenocarcinoma who underwent preoperative therapy followed by surgical resection from 2006 through 2017 were identified in the National Cancer Database. To enable stage-by-stage OS comparisons, tumors were classified into four gross ypTNM groups: ypT1/2, N-negative; ypT1/2, N-positive; ypT3/4, N-negative; and ypT3/4, N-positive. Prognostic factors were examined, and an OS prediction nomogram was developed for patients with abdominal/lower esophageal and gastric cardia adenocarcinoma, representing GEJ cancers. We examined 25,463 patient records. When compared by gross ypTNM group, the abdominal/lower esophageal and gastric cardia adenocarcinoma groups had similar OS rates, differing from those of other esophageal or gastric cancers. Cox regression analysis of patients with GEJ cancers showed that preoperative chemoradiotherapy was associated with shorter OS than preoperative chemotherapy after adjustment for the ypTNM group (hazard ratio 1.31, 95% CI 1.24–1.39, p < 0.001), likely owing to downstaging effects. The nomogram had a concordance index of 0.833 and a time-dependent area under the curve of 0.669. OS prediction in GEJ adenocarcinoma cases should include preoperative therapy regimens. Our OS prediction nomogram provided reasonable OS prediction for patients with GEJ adenocarcinoma, and future validation is needed.
Exogenous silicon application promotes growth and alleviates drought and salt stresses of rice plants

In the current study, the influence of silicon (Si) on KDML 105 rice plants exposed to drought and salt stress was observed. The 28-days old rice plants were arranged into control, drought, and salinity conditions. The drought and salinity conditions were achieved by addition of 20% W/W polyethylene glycol 6000 and 120 mM NaCl to the nutrient solution, respectively. Si was concurrently applied in all groups by adding 0, 1.5, 2.0, and 2.5 mM Na2SiO3. The results showed that some growth and physiological parameters were positively changed by the Si-application. The relative water content was significantly improved in the 1.5 mM Si-supplemented drought group and the 2.0 mM Si-supplemented salt group. Additionally, Si at 2.0 mM significantly improved photosynthetic activity in the rice and slightly reduced plant temperature under salt stress. Moreover, exogenous Si ameliorated NaCl toxicity from the sodium-potassium ratio decline. The results suggested that 2.0 mM silicon was a proper concentration to recover plants exposed to abiotic stress.
Reading and reader development in Greece: the public librarians' approach

This research set out to define Greek public librarians’ opinion and attitudes towards reading and reader development and to understand the consequences these opinions and attitudes have on promoting reading and on influencing Greek people’s reading habits. To investigate this, six objectives were devised, a review of the literature was undertaken and fourteen public librarians were interviewed. Before the results of the interviews are discussed, this research presents the findings of the National Book Centre Reading survey (Εθνικό Κέντρο Βιβλίου, 2004) that show that Greek people do not read. It then attempts an introduction to the Greek public library’s structure, services and problems in order for the public librarians’ opinions and attitudes to be discussed in a notional context. It was discovered that librarians read and consider reading to be important. They are unaware of the reading survey and speculate about the Greek people’s reading habits. Most librarians are uncertain about the libraries contribution in creating readers and over emphasize the role of the family and school. They focus and provide services only to library users and take for granted non-library users. Most librarians do not feel confident about their knowledge of books and reading. Thus they recognize the need for further training in order to promote reading. It was found that librarians believe they are unable to influence people’s reading habits but are doing so nonetheless via reader advisory. However this research showed that public librarians do nothing to broaden people’s reading horizons as they are afraid to suggest nothing more than the “safe solutions”. Most librarians acknowledge the importance of co-operation between the different stakeholders in the field of reading but argue that they are many obstacles that prevent this from happening. They also do not believe in the future role of reading in the public library.
Bone marrow stromal cells in Modic type 1 changes promote neurite outgrowth

The pain in patients with Modic type 1 changes (MC1) is often due to vertebral body endplate pain, which is linked to abnormal neurite outgrowth in the vertebral body and adjacent endplate. The aim of this study was to understand the role of MC1 bone marrow stromal cells (BMSCs) in neurite outgrowth. BMSCs can produce neurotrophic factors, which have been shown to be pro-fibrotic in MC1, and expand in the perivascular space where sensory vertebral nerves are located. The study involved the exploration of the BMSC transcriptome in MC1, co-culture of MC1 BMSCs with the neuroblastoma cell line SH-SY5Y, analysis of supernatant cytokines, and analysis of gene expression changes in co-cultured SH-SY5Y. Transcriptomic analysis revealed upregulated brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) signaling-related pathways. Co-cultures of MC1 BMSCs with SH-SY5Y cells resulted in increased neurite sprouting compared to co-cultures with control BMSCs. The concentration of BDNF and other cytokines supporting neuron growth was increased in MC1 vs. control BMSC co-culture supernatants. Taken together, these findings show that MC1 BMSCs provide strong pro-neurotrophic cues to nearby neurons and could be a relevant disease-modifying treatment target.
Integrated Macrogenomics and Metabolomics Explore Alterations and Correlation between Gut Microbiota and Serum Metabolites in Adult Epileptic Patients: A Pilot Study

Epilepsy (EP) is a complex brain disorder showing a lot of unknows reasons. Recent studies showed that gut microbiota can influence epilepsy via the brain–gut axis. Nevertheless, the mechanism by which gut microbiota affects adult epilepsy still remains unclear. In this study, fecal and serum samples were obtained from patients with epilepsy and normal controls. Using an integrated analysis, sequencing was performed by macrogenomics and high-throughput targeted metabolomics with various bioinformatics approaches. The macrogenomic sequencing revealed significant changes in microbial structure in patients suffering from epilepsy. For example, at the phylum level, the relative abundance of Actinobacteria, Bacteroidetes and Proteobacteria showed an increase in the patients with epilepsy, whereas that of Firmicutes decreased. In addition, the patients with epilepsy had significantly differential metabolite profiles compared to normal controls, and five clusters with 21 metabolites, mainly containing the upregulation of some fatty acids and downregulation of some amino acids. Tryptophan (AUC = 91.81, p < 0.0001), kynurenine (AUC = 79.09, p < 0.01) and 7Z,10Z,13Z,16Z-Docosatetraenoic acid (AUC = 80.95, p < 0.01) may be used as potential diagnostic markers for epilepsy. Differential serum metabolites have effects on tryptophan metabolism, iron death and other pathways. Furthermore, a multiomic joint analysis observed a statistically significant correlation between the differential flora and the differential serum metabolites. In our findings, a macrogenomic analysis revealed the presence of dysregulated intestinal flora species and function in adult epileptic patients. Deeper metabolomic analyses revealed differences in serum metabolites between patients with epilepsy and healthy populations. Meanwhile, the multiomic combination showed connection between the gut microbes and circulating metabolites in the EP patients, which may be potential therapeutic targets.
Classical singers are also proficient in non-classical singing

Classical singers train intensively for many years to achieve a high level of vocal control and specific sound characteristics. However, the actual span of singers’ activities often includes venues other than opera halls and requires performing in styles outside their strict training (e.g., singing pop songs at weddings). We examine classical singers’ ability to adjust their vocal productions to other styles, in relation with their formal training. Twenty-two highly trained female classical singers (aged from 22 to 45 years old; vocal training ranging from 4.5 to 27 years) performed six different melody excerpts a cappella in contrasting ways: as an opera aria, as a pop song and as a lullaby. All melodies were sung both with lyrics and with a /lu/ sound. All productions were acoustically analyzed in terms of seven common acoustic descriptors of voice/singing performances and perceptually evaluated by a total of 50 lay listeners (aged from 21 to 73 years old) who were asked to identify the intended singing style in a forced-choice lab experiment. Acoustic analyses of the 792 performances suggest distinct acoustic profiles, implying that singers were able to produce contrasting sounding performances. Furthermore, the high overall style recognition rate (78.5% Correct Responses, hence CR) confirmed singers’ proficiency in performing in operatic style (86% CR) and their versatility when it comes to lullaby (80% CR) and pop performances (69% CR), albeit with occasional confusion between the latter two. Interestingly, different levels of competence among singers appeared, with versatility (as estimated based on correct recognition in pop/lullaby styles) ranging from 62 to 83% depending on the singer. Importantly, this variability was not linked to formal training per se. Our results indicate that classical singers are versatile, and prompt the need for further investigations to clarify the role of singers’ broader professional and personal experiences in the development of this valuable ability.
Forecast of Nearshore Wave Parameters Using MIKE-21 Spectral Wave Model

Abstract Shallow-water wave transformation strongly depends upon coastal geomorphology and bottom sediment characteristics. Accurate prediction of wave parameters is vital for the coastal infrastructure developments and other activities. MIKE 21 SW is a new generation spectral wind wave model based on unstructured meshes. The model simulates the growth, decay and transformation of wind generated waves and swell in offshore and coastal areas. The entire Gulf of Mexico was selected for the present modeling study. Along the northern Gulf Coast the grid resolution used was ~2 km while for the rest of the boundary a coarser grid of 30 km was used. Fine-scale bathymetry data (6 arc-second resolution) were used for the northern Gulf and coarse bathymetry for the rest of the basin. The data used were compiled and distributed by the National Geophysical Data Center (NGDC) of the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA). The input for the model, forecast wind data, was downloaded from the National Centers for Environmental Prediction (NCEP) of NOAA database daily (36-hr forecast). A fully spectral approach was used for the computation of the wave parameters. The model computed the wave parameters using the forecast wind input. Synoptic maps of significant wave height (Hs), wave period, wave direction, etc. were generated. For calibration purposes, output was also generated for the NDBC buoy locations and Wave-Current-Surge Information System (WAVCIS) stations located off the Louisiana coast. During fair weather conditions the predicted wave parameters show a strong correlation with measured wave parameters. During extreme weather conditions (hurricanes and tropical storms) predicted values typically were lower than observations. This discrepancy can be attributed to the scale and accuracy of the input wind data.
Advances in Computational Approaches for Estimating Passive Permeability in Drug Discovery

Passive permeation of cellular membranes is a key feature of many therapeutics. The relevance of passive permeability spans all biological systems as they all employ biomembranes for compartmentalization. A variety of computational techniques are currently utilized and under active development to facilitate the characterization of passive permeability. These methods include lipophilicity relations, molecular dynamics simulations, and machine learning, which vary in accuracy, complexity, and computational cost. This review briefly introduces the underlying theories, such as the prominent inhomogeneous solubility diffusion model, and covers a number of recent applications. Various machine-learning applications, which have demonstrated good potential for high-volume, data-driven permeability predictions, are also discussed. Due to the confluence of novel computational methods and next-generation exascale computers, we anticipate an exciting future for computationally driven permeability predictions.