Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
ACE : Classification for Information Lifecycle Management

One of the principal problems in Information Lifecycle Management is to align the business value of data with the most cost-effective and appropriate storage infrastructure. In this paper, we introduce ACE: a framework of tools for ILM, that classifies data and storage resources, and generates a data placement plan for informed utilization of the available storage resources in the system. The goal of ACE is to design a data placement plan that provides cost benefits to an organization while allowing efficient access to all important data. To achieve this goal, ACE uses a policy-based approach to classify data and storage based on the metadata attributes and capabilities respectively. The main advantage of using ACE is that it enables appropriate usage of under-utilized storage systems without extensive human intervention. Another key characteristic of ACE is that it uses a policy-based architecture to automate the process of data valuation and storage classification. We implement the ACE framework and evaluate its benefits for three real data sets. One data sets consists of 1.28 million anonymous medical industry record files of total size 1461GB, and we show that ACE provides a cost benefit of greater than 70% over the lifetime of the data. In addition to the novel valuation algorithms and overall architecture, we also demonstrate optimizations that reduce the total performance time to 85% of the time taken without these optimizations, while still maintaining classification accuracy of over 85%.
A Pricing Algorithm for Cloud Computing Resources

Currently, resource scheduling methods of cloud computing are mainly focused on scheduling and optimization of the underlying physical resources, but there is no satisfactory resource scheduling for providers from the aspect of economic principles in the cloud applications. In this paper, the cloud bank agent model as a resource agency, from the global perspective, it provides analysis and guidance for all participants, a price update iterative algorithm has been given, it analyses the historical utilization ratio of the resource, and iteration current prices constantly, get the availability of resources next time, the final price to users are expected to calculate. Experiment shows, based on historical usage of resources, the pricing algorithm are more conducive to safeguarding the interests of participants in the cloud resources.
Subject leaders in secondary schools and informal learning: towards a conceptual framework

Much of the emphasis on the learning of subject leaders in secondary schools is placed on what Eraut (2000) terms ‘organised formal learning events’. This article attempts to redress the balance by focusing on the somewhat neglected area of their informal learning about the role, which is predominantly based in the workplace. It is argued that informal learning consists of three components: implicit learning, learning through experience and non-taught or deliberative learning (following Eraut, 2004). Such forms of learning can be underpinned by theoretical notions of cognitive, affective and behavioural developments. A model of work-based informal learning is proposed that also tries to incorporate the memories of relevant past and current events. It is hoped that this model might be useful as a framework for the future analysis of the learning of subject leaders.
Mitogenetic structure of brown bears (Ursus arctos L.) in northeastern Europe and a new time frame for the formation of European brown bear lineages

We estimated the phylogenetic relationships of brown bear maternal haplotypes from countries of northeastern Europe (Estonia, Finland and European Russia), using sequences of mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) control region of 231 bears. Twenty‐five mtDNA haplotypes were identified. The brown bear population in northeastern Europe can be divided into three haplogroups: one with bears from all three countries, one with bears from Finland and Russia, and the third composed almost exclusively of bears from European Russia. Four haplotypes from Finland and European Russia matched exactly with haplotypes from Slovakia, suggesting the significance of the current territory of Slovakia in ancient demographic processes of brown bears. Based on the results of this study and those from the recent literature, we hypothesize that the West Carpathian Mountains have served either as one of the northernmost refuge areas or as an important movement corridor for brown bears of the Eastern lineage towards northern Europe during or after the last ice age. Bayesian analyses were performed to investigate the temporal framework of brown bear lineages in Europe. The molecular clock was calibrated using Beringian brown bear sequences derived from radiocarbon‐dated ancient samples, and the estimated mutation rate was 29.8% (13.3%−47.6%) per million years. The whole European population and Western and Eastern lineages formed about 175 000, 70 000 and 25 000 years before present, respectively. Our approach to estimating the time frame of brown bear evolution demonstrates the importance of using an appropriate mutation rate, and this has implications for other studies of Pleistocene populations.
The Review of Economics and Statistics

We analyze for the first time the economic contributions of modern industrial robots, which are flexible, versatile, and autonomous machines. We use novel panel data on robot adoption within industries in seventeen countries from 1993 to 2007 and new instrumental variables that rely on robots’ comparative advantage in specific tasks. Our findings suggest that increased robot use contributed approximately 0.36 percentage points to annual labor productivity growth, while at the same time raising total factor productivity and lowering output prices. Our estimates also suggest that robots did not significantly reduce total employment, although they did reduce low-skilled workers’ employment share.
Molecular characterization of the spectrum of genomic deletions in the mismatch repair genes MSH2, MLH1, MSH6, and PMS2 responsible for hereditary nonpolyposis colorectal cancer (HNPCC)

A systematic search by Southern blot analysis in a cohort of 439 hereditary nonpolyposis colorectal cancer (HNPCC) families for genomic rearrangements in the main mismatch repair (MMR) genes, namely, MSH2, MLH1, MSH6, and PMS2, identified 48 genomic rearrangements causative of this inherited predisposition to colorectal cancer in 68 unrelated kindreds. Twenty‐nine of the 48 rearrangements were found in MSH2, 13 in MLH1, 2 in MSH6, and 4 in PMS2. The vast majority were deletions, although one previously described large inversion, an intronic insertion, and a more complex rearrangement also were found. Twenty‐four deletion breakpoints have been identified and sequenced in order to determine the underlying recombination mechanisms. Most fall within repetitive sequences, mainly Alu repeats, in agreement with the differential distribution of deletions between the MSH2 and MLH1 genes: the higher number and density of Alu repeats in MSH2 corresponded with a higher incidence of genomic rearrangement at this disease locus when compared with other MMR genes. Long interspersed nuclear element (LINE) repeats, relatively abundant in, for example, MLH1, did not seem to contribute to the genesis of the deletions, presumably because of their older evolutionary age and divergence among individual repeat units when compared with short interspersed nuclear element (SINE) repeats, including Alu repeats. Moreover, Southern blot analysis of the introns and the genomic regions flanking the MMR genes allowed us to detect 6 novel genomic rearrangements that left the coding region of the disease‐causing gene intact. These rearrangements comprised 4 deletions upstream of the coding region of MSH2 (3 cases) and MSH6 (1 case), a 2‐kb insertion in intron 7 of PMS2, and a small (459‐bp) deletion in intron 13 of MLH1. The characterization of these genomic rearrangements underlines the importance of genomic deletions in the etiology of HNPCC and will facilitate the development of PCR‐based tests for their detection in diagnostic laboratories. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Human tissue-type plasminogen activator

Summary Tissue-type plasminogen activator (t-PA ) plays an important role in the removal of intravascular fibrin deposits and has several physiological roles and pathological activities in the brain. Its production by many other cell types suggests that t-PA has additional functions outside the vascular and central nervous system. Activity of t-PA is regulated at the level of its gene transcription, its mRNA stability and translation, its storage and regulated release, its interaction with cofactors that enhance its activity, its inhibition by inhibitors such as plasminogen activator inhibitor type 1 or neuroserpin, and its removal by clearance receptors. Gene transcription of t-PA is modulated by a large number of hormones, growth factors, cytokines or drugs and t-PA gene responses may be tissue-specific. The aim of this review is to summarise current knowledge on t-PA function and regulation of its pericellular activity, with an emphasis on regulation of its gene expression.
Local lattice-gas model for immiscible fluids.

We present a lattice-gas model for two-dimensional immiscible fluid flows with surface tension that uses strictly local collision rules. Instead of using a local total color flux as Somers and Rem (Physica D 47, 39 (1991)), we use local colored holes to be the memory of particles of the same color. Interactions between walls and fluids are included that produce arbitrary contact angles.
Clinical Efficacy and Residue Depletion of 10% Enrofloxacin Enteric-Coated Granules in Pigs

A new, more palatable formulation of 10% enrofloxacin enteric-coated granules was investigated to evaluate the pharmacokinetic effect in plasma, the residue elimination in tissues and the clinical efficacy against Actinobacillus pleuropneumonia (APP) and Mycoplasam suis (MS) in pigs. In this study, the enrofloxacin concentrations in plasma and tissues were detected using high-performance liquid chromatography with phosphate buffer (pH = 3) and acetonitrile. The pharmacokinetics and elimination of enrofloxacin enteric-coated granules were performed after oral administration at a single dose of 10 mg/kg body weight (bw) and 5 mg/kg twice per day for 5 consecutive days, respectively. The in vivo antibacterial efficacy and clinical effectiveness of enrofloxacin enteric-coated granules against APP and MS were assayed at 2.5, 5, 10 mg/kg, compared with tiamulin (8 mg/kg) based on establishment of APP and MS infection models. 56 APP strains were selected and tested for in vitro antibacterial activity of enrofloxacin enteric-coated granules. The main parameters of elimination half-life (t1/2β), Tmax, and area under the curve (AUC) were 14.99 ± 4.19, 3.99 ± 0.10, and 38.93 ± 1.52 μg h/ml, respectively, revealing that the enrofloxacin concentration remained high and with a sustainable distribution in plasma. Moreover, the analysis on the evaluation of enrofloxacin and ciprofloxacin in muscle, fat, liver and kidney showed that the recovery were more than 84% recovery in accordance with the veterinary drug residue guidelines of United States pharmacopeia, and the withdrawal periods were 4.28, 3.81, 4.84, and 3.51 days, respectively, suggesting that the withdrawal period was 5 d after oral administration of 5 mg/kg twice per day. The optimal dosage of enrofloxacin enteric-coated granules against APP and MS was 5 mg/kg, with over 90% efficacy, which was significantly different (p < 0.05) to the 2.5 mg/kg group, but not to the 10 mg/kg group or the positive control group (tiamulin). In conclusion, 10% enrofloxacin enteric-coated granules had significant potential for treating APP and MS, and it provided an alternative enrofloxacin palatability formulation.
Consumer Experiences Calling Toll-Free Corporate Hotlines

The use of toll-free 1-800 numbers is an increasingly recognized means for compa nies to communicate directly with consumers. This study examined actual toll-free number calls made by 121 respondents. Calls were evaluated for content, quality, and caller satisfaction. The findings suggest that although most call experiences were positive, there was variability in call handling and in perceptions of satisfac tion. Dimensions that contributed to caller satisfaction included operator character istics such as knowledge, courtesy, and interest. Specific behaviors included apologizing for a problem, thanking the consumer for calling, and encouraging the caller to call again if the need arose. Respondents frequently noted that reducing time placed on "hold" was one way to enhance satisfaction.
Prosecuting Domestic Violence without Victim Participation

This article explores the evidential challenges victim withdrawal presents in domestic violence cases. More specifically it examines innovative measures taken in the United States to overcome problems of proof typically associated with domestic violence prosecutions. These evidentiary initiatives have facilitated a shift towards so-called 'victimless' prosecution in the context of domestic violence which dispenses with victim participation. Drawing upon a 'freedom model' of criminal justice, this article examines whether recent developments in the United States might be emulated as a means of addressing the high rate of attrition in domestic violence cases in England and Wales.
Whole-Genome Resequencing Analysis of Hanwoo and Yanbian Cattle to Identify Genome-Wide SNPs and Signatures of Selection

Over the last 30 years, Hanwoo has been selectively bred to improve economically important traits. Hanwoo is currently the representative Korean native beef cattle breed, and it is believed that it shared an ancestor with a Chinese breed, Yanbian cattle, until the last century. However, these two breeds have experienced different selection pressures during recent decades. Here, we whole-genome sequenced 10 animals each of Hanwoo and Yanbian cattle (20 total) using the Illumina HiSeq 2000 sequencer. A total of approximately 3.12 and 3.07 billion sequence reads were mapped to the bovine reference sequence assembly (UMD 3.1) at an average of approximately 10.71- and 10.53-fold coverage for Hanwoo and Yanbian cattle, respectively. A total of 17,936,399 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) were yielded, of which 22.3% were found to be novel. By annotating the SNPs, we further retrieved numerous nonsynonymous SNPs that may be associated with traits of interest in cattle. Furthermore, we performed whole-genome screening to detect signatures of selection throughout the genome. We located several promising selective sweeps that are potentially responsible for economically important traits in cattle; the PPP1R12A gene is an example of a gene that potentially affects intramuscular fat content. These discoveries provide valuable genomic information regarding potential genomic markers that could predict traits of interest for breeding programs of these cattle breeds.
Constitutive tyrosine and serine phosphorylation of STAT4 in T‐cells transformed with HTLV‐I

STAT4 is a critical mediator of IL‐12‐stimulated gene regulation in T‐helper type 1 (Th1) cell. IL‐12 activates the Janus family tyrosine kinases JAK2 and Tyk2, which in turn phosphorylate STAT4 on tyrosine 693. The p38 mitogen‐activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling pathway is also activated in response to IL‐12, followed by phosphorylation of STAT4 on serine 721, which is required for STAT4 full transcriptional activity. In the present study, we demonstrated constitutive activation of STAT4 in HTLV‐I‐transformed T‐cell lines MT‐2, MT‐4 and HUT102 by immunoprecipitation, Western blotting and electrophoretic mobility shift assay (EMSA). In HTLV‐I‐transformed T‐cell lines, STAT4 was constitutively phosphorylated not only on tyrosine 693 but also on serine 721, and formed a heterodimer with STAT3. Constitutive phosphorylation of its upstream activators, JAK2, Tyk2 and p38 MAPK was also observed in the cells. EMSA and transient transfection studies further showed that the high‐affinity sis‐inducible element (hSIE) preferentially binds the STAT3/STAT4 heterodimer and is constitutively transactivated in MT‐2 cells in the absence of exogenous cytokine stimulation. When STAT4 expression vector was cotransfected along with STAT3 expression vector into MT‐2 cells, STAT4 significantly synergized with STAT3 to transactivate hSIE, showing the functional importance of heterodimer formation between STAT4 and STAT3.
Nox-4 and progressive kidney disease

Purpose of reviewNox-4 is a member of the NADPH oxidase (Nox) family of enzymes implicated in reactive oxygen species generation. Nox-4 is distributed in many tissues; however, its physiological functions remain poorly understood. In contrast to other Nox isoforms, it is unique in that it produces large amounts of hydrogen peroxide constitutively and does not require other cytosolic oxidase components for its activation. This review highlights the recent developments in Nox-4 research and progressive kidney disease as well as the potential of new Nox-4 inhibitors to reduce renal damage. Recent findingsRecently, Nox-4 was shown to be implicated in kidney diseases such as diabetic nephropathy. Nox-4 has been identified as playing a role in damage to the kidney induced by hyperglycaemia and other major pathways of renal damage, including advanced glycation end-products, the renin–angiotensin system, TGF-&bgr; and protein kinase C. SummaryThe role of Nox-4 as a target for renoprotection remains controversial, although recent positive preclinical data have stimulated increased interest in inhibiting the enzyme in clinical trials of renal disease.
The dual DFA learning problem (extended abstract): hardness results for programming by demonstration and learning first-order representations

We consider a dual version of the DFA paclearning problem, in which concepts are strings over a fixed alphabet, examples are DFAs, and a string s represents the set of all DFAs that accept it. It is shown that solving this problem is as hard as learning log-depth boolean circuits, even if the example DFAs are are always acyclic, leveled, and of logarithmic level width. Thus under cryptographic assumptions the dual DFA learning problem is hard. This result implies the hardness of several other more natural learning problems, including learning the description logic CLASSIC from subconcepts, and learning arity-two “determinate” functionfree Prolog clauses from ground clauses. The result also implies the hardness of two formal problems that are similar to problems studied in the area of “programming by demonstration”: learning straightline programs over a fixed operator set from input-output pairs, and learning straightline programs from inputoutput pairs traces, and “partial traces”.
Clinical significance of hepatitis C viral RNA status and its correlation to antibodies to structural HCV antigens in anti‐HCV reactive patients with normal liver tests

Extensive serological testing and HCV RNA determination by RT‐PCR was performed in serum, PBMCs, and liver tissue in thirteen anti‐HCV reactive patients with persistently normal liver tests. Absolute concordance in the status of HCV RNA between serum, PBMCs, and liver was noted. Five patients were HCV RNA positive but only three had mild histological changes. Eight patients were HCV RNA negative in all three sites and had virtually normal liver histology. Patterns of reactivity in RIBA™ 2.0 strip immunoblot assay did not differentiate viremic from nonviremic patients. ELISA testing using multiple individual HCV recombinant antigens from the structural and non‐structural regions of HCV demonstrated mean antibody titers to the structural antigens, in particular HCV E2 antibodies, to be significantly lower in HCV RNA negative patients. The status of HCV RNA in the serum appears to infer the status of HCV RNA in the liver and PBMCs in patients with persistently normal liver tests. Patients with persistently normal liver tests and undetectable HCV RNA have probably spontaneously cleared HCV infection. © 1996 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Ecological Effects of Grazing in the Northern Tianshan Mountains

Identifying the effects of grazing is critical for the conservation, protection and sustainable use of arid grassland ecosystems. However, research regarding the ecological effects of grazing along mountainous elevation gradients is limited in arid areas, particularly at the regional scale. Using the Biome-BGC grazing model, we explored the effects of grazing on grassland net primary productivity (NPP), evapotranspiration (ET) and water use efficiency (WUE) from 1979 to 2012 along an elevation gradient in the northern Tianshan Mountains. The NPP, ET and WUE values were generally lower under the grazing scenario than under the ungrazed scenario; the differences between the grazing and ungrazed scenarios showed increasing trends over time; and distinct spatial heterogeneity in these differences was observed. Distinct decreases in NPP and WUE under the grazing scenario mainly occurred in regions with high livestock consumption. The decrease in ET was greater in mountainous areas with high grazing intensity due to decreased transpiration and increased surface runoff. This study contributes to a better understanding of the ecological effects of grazing along an elevation gradient in the northern Tianshan Mountains and provides data to support the scientific management of grassland ecosystems.
First reported case of transcatheter mitral valve implantation in mitral annular calcification with a fully repositionable and self-expanding valve.

Mitral valve intervention in heavy mitral annular calcification (MAC) presents significant surgical challenges. Current dedicated transcatheter mitral valve therapy excludes patients with significant MAC. Transcatheter aortic valve implantation devices have been used for mitral valve-in-valve and valve-in-ring procedures.1 Balloon-expandable valves have been used with some success in the presence of MAC, but their use is limited by the inability to reposition if left ventricular outflow tract (LVOT) obstruction occurs.2 We describe 2 cases, where a self-expanding and repositionable transcatheter valve was implanted in the mitral position using MAC as an anchor. A 75-year-old woman presented with increasing breathlessness after her aortic valve replacement and mitral valve repair in 2014. Echocardiography demonstrated a functioning prosthetic aortic valve and severe mitral regurgitation. The mitral annulus had a measured perimeter of 77 mm and area of 400 mm2 (transesophageal echocardiography) with an aortomitral annular angle of 124° (computed tomography). A 62-year-old man presented with New York Heart Association III symptoms. Medical history included Alport syndrome, transcatheter aortic valve implantation (26 mm Sapien XT), and permanent pacemaker. Echocardiography demonstrated a functioning prosthetic aortic valve and severe mitral regurgitation. The mitral annulus had a measured perimeter of 82 mm …
Automatic Essay Assessment

Abstract Computational techniques for scoring essays have recently come into use. Their bases and development methods raise both old and new measurement issues. However, coming principally from computer and cognitive sciences, they have received little attention from the educational measurement community. We briefly survey the state of the technology, then describe one such system, the Intelligent Essay Assessor (IEA). IEA is based largely on Latent Semantic Analysis (LSA), a machine-learning model that induces the semantic similarity of words and passages by analysis of large bodies of domain-relevant text. IEA's dominant variables are computed from comparisons with pre-scored essays of highly similar content as measured by LSA. Over many validation studies with a wide variety of topics and test-takers, IEA correlated with human graders as well as they correlated with each other. The technique also supports other educational applications. Critical measurement questions are posed and discussed.