Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Generalizations of the Tests by Kruskal-Wallis, Friedman and van der Waerden for Split-plot Designs

Generalizations of the 1-factorial tests by Kruskal-Wallis and Friedman, as well as of the van der Waerden test are proposed for factorial split-plot designs, both allowing interactions. They are compared in regard to the type I error control and the power with the parametric F test, including the Huynh-Feldt adjustment, the inverse normal transform (INT), the ANOVA type statistic by Brunner et al. (ATS), the aligned rank transform (ART), the L statistic by Puri \& Sen and a procedure by Koch. The two methods proposed show a perfect type I error control, except for two situations, and an attractive power, particularly in case of nonnormal distributions. The charm and advantage of these procedures are the possibility to apply them with statistical standard tools using only variable transformations and data management, and to receive results from well-known methods which are easy to understand.
Graph-based Natural Language Processing: Graph edit distance applied to the task of detecting plagiarism

The focus of this thesis is the exploration of graph-based similarity, in the context of natural language processing. The work is motivated by a need for richer representations of text. A graph edit distance algorithm was implemented, that calculates the difference between graphs. Sentences were represented by means of dependency graphs, which consist of words connected by dependencies. A dependency graph captures the syntactic structure of a sentence. The graph-based similarity approach was applied to the problem of detecting plagiarism, and was compared against state of the art systems. The key advantages of graph-based textual representations are mainly word order indifference and the ability to capture similarity between words, based on the sentence structure. The approach was compared against contributions made to the PAN plagiarism detection challenge at the CLEF 2011 conference, and would have achieved a 5th place out of 10 contestants. The evaluation results suggest that the approach can be applicable to the task of detecting plagiarism, but require some fine tuning on input parameters. The evaluation results demonstrated that dependency graphs are best represented by directed edges. The graph edit distance algorithm scored best with a combination of node and edge label matching. Different edit weights were applied, which increased performance. Keywords: Graph Edit Distance, Natural Language Processing, Dependency Graphs, Plagiarism Detection
[Commentary] Improving Measurement of Public Objective Knowledge About Hazards

Attempts to measure objective knowledge (OK) of publics about hazards have been motivated by such questions as what do people know about the topic and why; whether and how such knowledge affects attitudes and behaviors regarding hazards; and whether a public information campaign changes knowledge or behaviors. These choices vary widely both within risk analysis and in related fields (e.g., science literacy; health literacy). The aim of this Perspective is to suggest that OK can be measured effectively if with several challenges, but that does not happen consistently, and even the best examples could be improved with several steps. After a brief review of variability in the literature in terms of how OK is defined and what outcomes it might be associated with, I review several challenges faced by OK measurement: knowledge sources, content salience, content timing, scale discrimination ability and dimensionality, and response options and scoring. Although the full suite of challenges is of concern, I focus particularly on novel hazards for which the scientific basis for much definition of “objective” knowledge is shifting rapidly, illustrated by the COVID-19 pandemic in the U.S. I conclude with several recommendations for addressing these challenges so that OK can be better measured, and thus theorists and risk communication practitioners can both better grasp when and how OK makes a difference in attitudes and behavior relevant to hazards.
New implementations for the Simultaneous‐FETI method

In this work, we present alternative implementations for the Simultaneous‐FETI (S‐FETI) method. Developed in recent years, this method has shown to be very robust for highly heterogeneous problems. However, the memory cost in S‐FETI is greatly increased and can be a limitation to its use. Our main objective is to reduce this memory usage without losing significant time performance. The algorithm is based on the exploitation of the sparsity patterns found on the block of search directions, allowing to store less vectors per iteration in comparison to a full storage scheme. In addition, different variations for the S‐FETI method are also proposed, including a new treatment for the possible dependencies between directions and the use of the Lumped preconditioner. Several tests are performed in order to establish the impact of the modifications presented in this work compared to the original S‐FETI algorithm.
Finding the right words: Articulating the value of mental health promotion. A focus group study

Abstract The Lapinlahti Hospital initiative in Helsinki has transformed a disused psychiatric hospital into an open site for mental health promotion. The current study uses qualitative methods to explore how the initiative may promote population mental health. The phenomenological study comprised of data from 7 focus group including 28 participants. Resulting data were thematically analysed to articulate how the initiative supports mental wellbeing in different ways. Mental health benefits were categorized into three themes; mental health value, civil values and common values which were comprised of nine subthemes; paradigm shift, social inclusion, personal meaning, regeneration, ambience, stigma, sustainability, democracy and environment. Mental health promotion emphasises the impact of daily environments in which people live their lives. Results from this study support the use of broad based actions which promote different components of mental wellbeing simultaneously. Psychiatric hospitals may offer historically meaningful sites for such actions.
Title : Validation of the French Version of the Fear of COVID-19 Scale and its Associations with Depression, Anxiety and Differential Emotions

The COVID-19 crisis represents a global health concern, including mental health. Taking into account the predominance of emotional and psychological disturbances in mental health issues, it is necessary to have psychometric tools that assess such psychological consequences. In this context, the Fear of the COVID-19 Scale (FCV-19S) was developed to assess fear related to the pandemic. The goal of the present study was to validate the FCV-19S in French (official language in 29 countries), and investigate its relationship with indicators of affective disturbances. A sample comprising French participants (n=316) took part in the study between April and May 2020 (during the first French national lockdown). The FCV-19S underwent a forward-backward translation procedure. Psychometric qualities were assessed both by confirmatory factor analysis (CFA), and by convergent and divergent validity analyses (including predictive SEM). The French FCV-19S demonstrated a stable unidimensional structure with robust psychometric properties (strong internal consistency, good convergent and divergent validity, and good test-retest validity). With its robust psychometric properties in assessing the unidimensional construct of the fear of COVID-19, this scale will help to provide a better understanding of the relationship between emotions and psychological or psychiatric disorders during the pandemics in French-speaking countries.
PromptASR for contextualized ASR with controllable style

Prompts are crucial to large language models as they provide context information such as topic or logical relationships. Inspired by this, we propose PromptASR, a framework that integrates prompts in end-to-end automatic speech recognition (E2E ASR) systems to achieve contextualized ASR with controllable style of transcriptions. Specifically, a dedicated text encoder encodes the text prompts and the encodings are injected into the speech encoder by cross-attending the features from two modalities. When using the ground truth text from preceding utterances as content prompt, the proposed system achieves 21.9% and 6.8% relative word error rate reductions on a book reading dataset and an in-house dataset compared to a baseline ASR system. The system can also take word-level biasing lists as prompt to improve recognition accuracy on rare words. An additional style prompt can be given to the text encoder and guide the ASR system to output different styles of transcriptions. The code is available at icefall.
Cost-Effective Quality Control: Managing the Quality and Productivity of Analytical Processes

Many people are trying to be smarter every day. How's about you? There are many ways to evoke this case you can find knowledge and lesson everywhere you want. However, it will involve you to get what call as the preferred thing. When you need this kind of sources, the following book can be a great choice. cost effective quality control managing the quality and productivity of analytical processes is the PDF of the book.
A model for zero emission biotechnology in Asian countries.

Our civilization which began to depend on oil in the twentieth century is now entirely dependent on it. For example, the gasoline used to fuel automobiles is a mixture of hydrocarbons from C6H14 to C12H26 that are refined from crude oil. Kerosene is made from C10–C15 hydrocarbons and is used as a jet fuel. Diesel fuel (light oil) is made from C10–C20 hydrocarbons, and the heavy oils used to fuel ships are made from longerchain hydrocarbons. The residue from refined fuels is called coal tar and is used for making roads. Electricity is generated using heat produced by burning coal, oil, and, recently, liquefied natural gas. Crude oil is also used in the manufacture of light and non-biodegradable plastics and its extensive use during the twentieth century has contributed to global warming and the ongoing climate crisis. The oil from which petroleum is produced is a fossil resource and its global production and availability is expected to peak in the coming decades. Several options for switching over to alternative energy sources such as zero-emission biotechnology and biorefineries are being explored to ensure the security of energy supplies but also for military security. However, the ultimate goal is the construction of biorefineries that are fully integrated with nature in contributing to the sustenance of economic development and a safe and unpolluted environment.
Tilburg University Information status and L 2 prosody

Citation for published version (APA): Gu, Y. , & Chen, A. (2014). Information status and L2 prosody: A study of reference maintenance in Chinese learners of Dutch. In J. Caspers, Y. Chen, W. Heeren, J. Pacilly, N. Schiller, & E. van Zanten (Eds.), Above and Beyond the Segments: Experimental linguistics and phonetics (pp. 120-130). John Benjamins Publishing Company. https://doi.org/10.1075/z.189. 10gu
WIDER Working Paper 2023/115 Taxation and accountability in sub-Saharan Africa

: Taxation can contribute to state-building through a tax bargain in which taxpayers are willing to increase compliance in return for improved government accountability. There is limited evidence for this in sub-Saharan Africa where it is argued that the fiscal state is weak, with low tax revenues and governments that are not accountable. However, since the early 2000s, sub-Saharan African countries on average have increased tax/gross domestic product ratios significantly and there have also been increases in measures of accountability. Has the increase in taxation promoted improved accountability? This paper analyses data for up to 47 African countries from 1980 to 2019 and shows a robust positive correlation between tax revenue and accountability. Instrumental variable estimation provides support for a causal interpretation. The effect of taxation is only observed for vertical accountability (capturing the quality of elections and party competition), and not for other measures of accountability that capture the role of civil society or the judiciary, consistent with the emergence of a tax bargain. Furthermore, we show that the tax effect is one of the significant determinants of vertical accountability.
A framework for variational inference and data assimilation of soil biogeochemical models using state space approximations and normalizing ﬂows

Soil biogeochemical models (SBMs) simulate element transfer processes between organic soil pools. These models can be used to specify falsiﬁable quantitative assertions about soil system dynamics and their responses to global surface temperature warming. To determine whether SBMs are useful for representing and forecasting data-generating processes in soils, it is important to conduct data assimilation and ﬁtting of SBMs conditioned on soil pool and ﬂux measurements to validate model predictive accuracy. SBM data assimilation has previously been carried out in approaches ranging from visual qualitative tuning of model output against data to more statistically rigorous Bayesian inferences that estimate posterior parameter distributions with Markov chain Monte Carlo (MCMC) methods. MCMC inference is better able to account for data and parameter uncertainty, but the computational ineﬃciency of MCMC methods limits their ability to scale assimilations to larger data sets. With formulation of eﬃcient and statistically rigorous SBM inference frameworks remaining an open problem, we demonstrate the novel application of a variational inference framework that uses a method called normalizing ﬂows to approximate SBMs that have been discretized into state space models. We ﬁt the approximated SBMs to synthetic data sourced from known data-generating processes to identify discrepancies between the inference results and true parameter values and ensure functionality of our method. Our approach trades estimation accuracy for algorithmic eﬃciency gains that make SBM data assimilation more tractable and achievable under computational time and resource limitations.
Dinosaurs and other dangers. Navigational play in a world of trouble

: This article presents a case study of a child who attended Projeto Clicar, an extended education program designed for the social and educational development of children living on the streets of São Paulo, Brasil. We discuss how his discovery of the existence of dinosaurs unleashed a sustained artistic output at Projeto Clicar. We document the “third space” of Projeto Clicar, which offered repertoires of practice that represented alternative modes of relation for the children of Projeto Clicar. We discuss how this alternative relational space provided the tools for ecological resilience in a hazardous world, as the child’s dinosaur art became both a exploration of inter-relatedness and a means of expressing his own predicament of place, navigating between the open, inclusive world of Projeto Clicar and the closed, exclusive geographies of the city streets outside its reach.
STUDY OF THE METAMORPHIC EVOLUTION OF A CARBONATE-BEARING METAPERIDOTITE FROM THE SIDIRONERO COMPLEX (CENTRAL RHODOPE, GREECE) USING P-T AND P(T)-X CO2 PSEUDOSECTIONS

The carbonate-bearing metaperidotite from Sidironero Complex, north of the Xanthi town is composed primarily of olivine and orthopyroxene megacrysts and of Ti-clinohumite, tremolite, chlorite, dolomite, magnesite, talc, antigorite and spinel group minerals. The metaperidotite underwent a prograde HP metamorphism probably isofacial with the neighboring amphibolitized eclogites. Calculated P-T and P(T)-X CO2 phase diagram sections (pseudosections) for the bulk rock composition showed that X CO2 in the fluid phase was extremely low (≤0.008) at the first stages of the metamor-phism and increased up to 0.022 at the peak P-T conditions ~1.5 GPa and 690 0 C. The prograde metamorphism probably started from a hydrated and carbonated assemblage including talc+chlo-rite+magnesite+dolomite and proceeded with tremolite and antigorite formation before olivine growth, and orthopyroxene formation after olivine growth (Ol-1). Matrix dolomite, breakdown of chlorite (Chl-1) to Cr-spinel+olivine and of Ti-clinohumite to olivine+Mg-ilmenite occurred during decompression. The P-T path is constrained by the absence of clinopyroxene in the metaperidotite.
AstroByte: A multi-FPGA Architecture for Accelerated Simulations of Fault-tolerant Spiking Astrocyte-Neuron Networks

— Spiking astrocyte neural networks (SANN) are a new computational paradigm that exhibit enhanced self-adapting and reliability properties. The inclusion of astrocyte behaviour increases the computational load and critically the number of connections, where each astrocyte typically communicates with 6-9 neurons (and their associated synapses) with feedback pathways from each neuron to the astrocyte. Each astrocyte cell also communicates with its neighbouring cell resulting in a significant interconnect density. The substantial level of parallelisms in SANNs lends itself to acceleration in hardware, however, the challenge in accelerating simulations of SANNs firmly resides in scalable interconnect and the ability to inject and retrieve data from the hardware. This paper presents a novel multi-FPGA acceleration architecture, AstroByte, for the speedup of SANNs. AstroByte explores Networks-on-Chip (NoC) routing mechanisms to address the challenge of communicating both spike event (neuron data) and numeric (astrocyte data) across significant interconnect pathways between astrocytes and neurons. AstroByte also exploits the NoC interconnect to inject data and retrieve runtime data from the accelerated SANN simulations. Results will show that AstroByte can simulate SANN applications with speedup factors of between x162 -x188 over Matlab equivalent simulations.
Central Lancashire Online Knowledge (CLoK)

: The use of cell-based assays is essential in reducing the number of vertebrates used in the investigation of chemical toxicities and in regulatory toxicology assessment. An important factor in obtaining meaningful results which can be accurately extrapolated is the use of biologically appropriate cell lines. In this preliminary study, ATR-FTIR spectroscopy with multivariate analysis was used to assess the fundamental biomolecular differences between a commonly used cell line, MCF-7 cells, and an environmentally relevant cell line derived from Mallard ( Anas platyrhynchos ) dermal fibroblasts. To better understand differences in basic cell biochemistry, the cells were analysed in the untreated state or post-exposure to PCB and PBDE congeners. The main spectral peaks in spectra from both cell types were associated with cellular macromolecules, particularly proteins and lipids but the spectra also revealed some cell-specific differences. Spectra from untreated Mallard fibroblasts spectra contained a large peak associated with lipids. The cell-related differences in lipid and DNA were also identified as regions of spectral alteration induced by PBDE and PCB exposure. Although lipid alterations were observed in post-treatment spectra from both cell types, these may be of more significance to Mallard fibroblasts, which may be due to increased intracellular lipid as determined by Nile red staining. Untreated MCF-7 cell spectra contained unique peaks related to DNA and nucleic acids. DNA associated spectral regions were also identified as areas of considerable alteration in MCF-7 cells exposed to some congeners including PBDE 47 and PCB 153. The findings indicate that in their native state, MCF-7 and Mallard cells have unique biochemical differences, which can be identified using ATR-FTIR spectroscopy. Such differences in biochemical composition differences, which may influence cell susceptibility to environmental contaminants and therefore influence the choice of cell type used in toxicology experiments. This is the first study to analyse the biochemistry of a Mallard dermal fibroblast cell line and to use ATR-FTIR spectroscopy for this purpose. ATR-FTIR spectroscopy is demonstrated as a useful tool for exploration of biomolecular variation at the cellular level and with further development, it could be used as part of a panel of cell-based assays to indicate when different results might be seen in environmental species compared to currently used cell lines. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved
University of Birmingham Crime watch

We investigate the relationship between hurricane strikes and crime for Jamaica. To this end we construct hurricane damages and daily recorded criminal activity. Hurricanes are found to significantly increase crime by 35%, where the impact is stronger for more damaging storms, but this only lasts for the duration of the storm. Decomposing crime into its various subtypes, one finds that while aggravated assault, break-ins and shooting increases during a hurricane, murders, rapes, and robberies actually decline. The greatest increase is with shootings, while the greatest decline is with rape. Crucially, the impact of crime depends on the existence of a storm warning. Our results also show that high frequency data more accurately estimates the impact of hurricanes on crime.
Coded rolling shutter photography: Flexible space-time sampling

We propose a novel readout architecture called coded rolling shutter for complementary metal-oxide semiconductor (CMOS) image sensors. Rolling shutter has traditionally been considered as a disadvantage to image quality since it often introduces skew artifact. In this paper, we show that by controlling the readout timing and the exposure length for each row, the row-wise exposure discrepancy in rolling shutter can be exploited to flexibly sample the 3D space-time volume of scene appearance, and can thus be advantageous for computational photography. The required controls can be readily implemented in standard CMOS sensors by altering the logic of the control unit. We propose several coding schemes and applications: (1) coded readout allows us to better sample time dimension for high-speed photography and optical flow based applications; and (2) row-wise control enables capturing motion-blur free high dynamic range images from a single shot. While a prototype chip is currently in development, we demonstrate the benefits of coded rolling shutter via simulation using images of real scenes.
Estimation of ice-sheet motion using satellite radar interferometry: method and error analysis with application to Humboldt Glacier, Greenland

Abstract Satellite radar interferometry provides glaciologists with an important new tool for determining the motion and topography of large ice sheets. We examine the sources of error in interferometrically derived ice-motion measurements, including those errors due to inaccurate estimates of the interfero-metric baseline. Several simulations are used to assess baseline accuracy in terms of tie-point error and the number and distribution of tie points. These results give insight into how best to select tie points, and also demonstrate the level of accuracy that can be achieved. Examination of two representative cases likely to occur in mapping ice-sheet motion leads to the conclusion that with adequate tie-point information ice velocity can be measured accurately to within a few meters per year. A method to correct horizontal velocity estimates for the effect of vertical displacement using surface slopes is also developed. Finally, we estimate the single-component velocity field for an area on Humboldt Glacier, northern Greenland, using interferograms formed from ERS-1 SAR image. We estimatе that these velocity measurements are accurate to within 2.3 m year1.