Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
A definitive example of a geometric "entatic state" effect: electron-transfer kinetics for a copper(II/I) complex involving A quinquedentate macrocyclic trithiaether-bipyridine ligand.

The quinquedentate macrocyclic ligand cyclo-6,6'-[1,9-(2,5,8-trithianonane)]-2,2'-bipyridine ([15]aneS3bpy = L), containing two pyridyl nitrogens and three thiaether sulfurs as donor atoms, has been synthesized and complexed with copper. The CuII/IL redox potential, the stabilities of the oxidized and reduced complex, and the oxidation and reduction electron-transfer kinetics of the complex reacting with a series of six counter reagents have been studied in acetonitrile at 25 degrees C, mu = 0.10 M (NaClO4). The Marcus cross relationship has been applied to the rate constants obtained for the reactions with each of the six counter reagents to permit the evaluation of the electron self-exchange rate constant, k11. The latter value has also been determined independently from NMR line-broadening experiments. The cumulative data are consistent with a value of k11 = 1 x 10(5) M(-1) s(-1), ranking this among the fastest-reacting CuII/I systems, on a par with the blue copper proteins known as cupredoxins. The resolved crystal structures show that the geometry of the CuIIL and CuIL complexes are nearly identical, both exhibiting a five-coordinate square pyramidal geometry with the central sulfur donor atom occupying the apical site. The most notable geometric difference is a puckering of an ethylene bridge between two sulfur donor atoms in the CuIL complex. Theoretical calculations suggest that the reorganizational energy is relatively small, with the transition-state geometry more closely approximating the geometry of the CuIIL ground state. The combination of a nearly constant geometry and a large self-exchange rate constant implies that this CuII/I redox system represents a true geometric "entatic state. "
Tiling stencil computations to maximize parallelism

Most stencil computations allow tile-wise concurrent start, i.e., there always exists a face of the iteration space and a set of tiling hyperplanes such that all tiles along that face can be started concurrently. This provides load balance and maximizes parallelism. However, existing automatic tiling frameworks often choose hyperplanes that lead to pipelined start-up and load imbalance. We address this issue with a new tiling technique that ensures concurrent start-up as well as perfect load-balance whenever possible. We first provide necessary and sufficient conditions on tiling hyperplanes to enable concurrent start for programs with affine data accesses. We then provide an approach to find such hyperplanes. Experimental evaluation on a 12-core Intel Westmere shows that our code is able to outperform a tuned domain-specific stencil code generator by 4% to 27%, and previous compiler techniques by a factor of 2× to 10.14×.
10 Chemopreventive Activity of Mediterranean Medicinal Plants

Generally, the use of plants, herbs or other natural products in medicines is since humans inhabited earth. It was “since ever” when humans were trying to find out which plants might be useful to fight several pains and aches, fever, dyspepsia, or wounds. Through the ages, humans learned which plants would cure different illnesses, or might be poisonous and cause even death, and those that could be part of their diet. There are too many examples and references in the pharmaceutical, knowledge that passed from generation to generation. There is ample historical evidence for different usages of herbs by our ancestors. Herbs are the oldest drugs in the world. The initial use was primarily experimental similar to what applied to animals, e.g. against poisonous plants. The first record of the valuable properties of medicinal plants was by the Sumerians (6000 BC), followed by Chinese and Greek. The first book written about herbal plants was by Chinese (4000 BC). However, Greeks were these who spread the use of medicinal plants in West using the knowledge written down by Theophrastus (300 BC). Apollonios wrote about their uses in cosmetology and in religious ceremonies. Hippocrates recommended Pimbinella anisum, of the Umbelliferae family for sneezing and Theophrastus indicated the usefulness of 600 aromatic and medicinal plants in several pathologies. In ancient Rome, Galenus who was the personal physician to Roman emperors and is nowadays considered as “The Father of Pharmacy” was most devoted to aromatherapy. Reports about the uses of essential oils occur even in the Bible, and it was approximately during the 8th century AD when the Arabs improved the methods of extracting the essential oils from natural products and creating novel elixirs and medicines. During the Middle Ages, the essential oils producers were not affected by cholera and plague. During the Renaissance, the use of plants, essential oils, herbs and several other natural products was progressively neglected. The revolution of Chemistry and the synthesis of drugs resulted in almost complete abandonment. However, the impressive results of treating traumas with different botanical products during the two World Wars motivated scientists to further deal the potential of natural products in disease treatment. Aspirin (acetylsalicylic acid), perhaps the most popular painkiller, has a very long history and its medical use stretches back to antiquity. Medicines made from willow and other salicylate-rich plants date back at least to 400 BC. Willow bark extract became recognized for its specific effects on fever, pain and inflammation in the mid-
Mirror agnosia and the mirrored-self misidentification delusion: A hypnotic analogue

Introduction. Mirrored-self misidentification is the delusional belief that one's reflection in the mirror is a stranger. Current theories suggest that one pathway to the delusion is mirror agnosia (a deficit in which patients are unable to use mirror knowledge when interacting with mirrors). This study examined whether a hypnotic suggestion for mirror agnosia can recreate features of the delusion. Method. Ten high hypnotisable participants were given either a suggestion to not understand mirrors or to see the mirror as a window. Participants were asked to look into a mirror and describe what they saw. Participants were tested on their understanding of mirrors and received a series of challenges. Participants then received a detailed postexperimental inquiry. Results. Three of five participants given the suggestion to not understand mirrors reported seeing a stranger and maintained this belief when challenged. These participants also showed signs of mirror agnosia. No participants given the suggestion to see a window reported seeing a stranger. Conclusion. Results indicate that a hypnotic suggestion for mirror agnosia can be used to recreate the mirrored-self misidentification delusion. Factors influencing the effectiveness of hypnotic analogues of psychopathology, such as participants’ expectations and interpretations, are discussed.
Rotavirus Infection Activates Dendritic Cells from Peyer's Patches in Adult Mice

ABSTRACT This study used an in vivo mouse model to analyze the response of dendritic cells (DCs) in Peyer's patches (PPs) within the first 48 h of infection with the wild-type murine rotavirus EDIM (EDIMwt). After the infection, the absolute number of DCs was increased by 2-fold in the PPs without a modification of their relative percentage of the total cell number. Also, the DCs from PPs of infected mice showed a time-dependent migration to the subepithelial dome (SED) and an increase of the surface activation markers CD40, CD80, and CD86. This response was more evident at 48 h postinfection (p.i.) and depended on viral replication, since DCs from PPs of mice inoculated with UV-treated virus did not show this phenotype. As a result of the activation, the DCs showed an increase in the expression of mRNA for the proinflammatory cytokines interleukin-12/23p40 (IL-12/23p40), tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α), and beta interferon (IFN-β), as well as for the regulatory cytokine IL-10. These results suggest that, a short time after rotavirus infection, the DCs from PPs play a critical role in controlling the infection and, at the same time, avoiding an excessive inflammatory immune response.
Skill Formation in Bombay's Slums

We examine the impact of a programme designed to raise the psychosocial skills (self-esteem and self-e¢ cacy) and aspirations of children in the slums of Bombay. We use a cross-cutting design with two comparison groups of peers for young adults who have attended the programme until leaving high school to analyse whether, compared to those from a similar environment and background, enrollment in the programme demonstrably raises psychosocial skills. We also use extensive data on parental background and psychosocial skills to construct di¤erence-in-di¤erence estimates that account for for family-level observables and unobservables. This is a non-randomised evaluation: hence, we are cautiously optimistic in our nding of substantial impacts on both self-esteem and self-e¢ cacy, as well as evidence of an impact on aspirations. Furthermore, in line with the literature, both self-esteem and self-e¢ cacy are positively related to success in schoolleaving examinations and initial labour market outcomes. We would like to thank Martin Browning, Jishnu Das, Stefan Dercon, Habiba Djebbari, Jan Gunning and participants at seminars at Cambridge, The Hague, the annual EUDN meetings, Oxford, The Paris School of Economics and Warwick for their comments. The study was carried out with funding from the Nu¢ eld Foundation (grant number: SGS/34467). We would like to thank K. Sriram, Vandana Goyal and Neha Batura for their help with the survey. We are also grateful for support from UK Department for International Development (DFID) as part of the iiG, a research programme to study how to improve institutions for pro-poor growth in Africa and South-Asia. The views expressed are not necessarily those of DFID or the Nu¢ eld Foundation. This paper is dedicated to the memory of Latif Sheikh without whose help the project would not have been completed.
Load-Balancing Scheme With Small-Cell Cooperation for Clustered Heterogeneous Cellular Networks

In this paper, a joint user association (UA) scheme with JP-CoMP using a hybrid self-organizing network (SON) is proposed for a practical clustered heterogeneous cellular network (cHCN) to maximize the network-wide proportional fairness among users. The cell range expansion and the enhanced intercell interference coordination have been considered as key items in the long-term evolution-advanced to offload macrocell users to small-cell base stations (sBSs). However, in a cHCN where sBSs are not distributed at random but are clustered instead, the coverage of inner sBSs in a small-cell cluster would be hardly expanded and an increased bias may result in much poor link quality as well as much higher load in outer sBSs. Thus, the load-balancing capability becomes much lower than expected in a cHCN. In order to cope with such a problem, a network architecture and protocol for the cHCN is suggested, and a feasible suboptimal iterative algorithm for determining the joint UA solution of the proposed hybrid SON is provided. It is shown that the proposed hybrid SON scheme with the proposed joint UA solution is very effective in handling the load balancing in a practical cHCN not only improving the performance of the inner sBS users by reducing the intercell interference, especially for intratier offloaded users, but also enabling more aggressive intertier offloading by effectively improving the link quality of cluster edge users without causing an unnecessary resource waste.
Adaptive Illumination Rendering in LED Lighting Systems

We consider energy-efficiency- and user-comfort-driven design of indoor light-emitting-diode (LED) lighting control systems by achieving spatial illumination rendering adapted to presence and daylight conditions, and user preference for the amount of rendered illuminance. A localized illumination rendering strategy for lighting control is presented, where a given level of uniform illuminance is provided with a certain user satisfaction level over a user-occupied zone, and a lower illuminance level is maintained in unoccupied zones. Under these illuminance constraints, our objective is to minimize a weighted sum of power consumed in localized illumination rendering and the net user dissatisfaction with the rendered illumination. This is achieved by determining the dimming levels for controlling the multiple LED luminaires. Algorithms for centralized and distributed lighting control are proposed. Simulation results are presented to evaluate the performance of the algorithms in achieving power savings and in meeting user preferences of illumination levels.
Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program Participation and Child Food Security

OBJECTIVE: This article investigates the association between Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program (SNAP) participation and child food security by using data from the largest national survey of the food security of SNAP participants to date. METHODS: The analysis used a survey of nearly 3000 households with children and a quasi-experimental research design that consisted of 2 sets of comparisons. Using a cross-sectional sample, we compared information collected from SNAP households within days of program entry with information collected from a contemporaneous sample of SNAP households that had participated for ∼6 months. Next, by using a longitudinal sample, we compared baseline information collected from new-entrant SNAP households with information from those same households 6 months later. Multivariate logistic regression analysis was used to estimate associations between SNAP and child food security. RESULTS: SNAP participation was associated with an approximately one-third decrease in the odds of children being food insecure in both samples. In the cross-sectional analysis only, SNAP was also associated with a decrease in the odds of children experiencing severe food insecurity (designated very low food security). Findings were qualitatively robust to different empirical specifications. CONCLUSIONS: After controlling for other possible confounders, we found children in households that had participated in SNAP for 6 months experienced improvements in food security. On the basis of these findings, we conclude SNAP serves a vital role in improving the health and well-being of low-income children by increasing food security. Future research is needed to determine whether specific groups of children experience differential improvements in food security.
Comparative Examination on Architecture and Protocol of Industrial Wireless Sensor Network Standards

This paper discusses key aspects of the four most popular industrial wireless sensor network standards: ZigBee, WirelessHART, ISA100.11a, and WIA-PA. The detailed design and protocol architectures are comparatively examined. The uniqueness of each standard is highlighted and justifications for their design are provided. Similarities and differences among these standards at each protocol layer are compared. With consideration of the scopes and the limitations of these standards, the suitability of these standards to meet the industrial requirements has also been examined.
Generation with Recursive Neural Networks

The ability to recognize image features and generate accurate, syntactically reasonable text descriptions is important for many tasks in computer vision. Auto-captioning could, for example, be used to provide descriptions of website content, or to generate frame-by-frame descriptions of video for the vision-impaired. In this project, a multimodal architecture for generating image captions is explored. The architecture combines image feature information from a convolutional neural network with a recurrent neural network language model, in order to produce sentence-length descriptions of images. An attention mechanism is used, which allows the network to focus on the most relevant image features at each time-step during caption generation.
Measurement of aqueous humor flow by fluorophotometry in the presence of a dilated pupil.

PURPOSE To determine by means of fluorophotometry whether pharmacologic dilation of the pupil can interfere with the measurement of aqueous flow. METHODS Ten normal human volunteers underwent dilation with tropicamide, phenylephrine, and a combination of the two drugs. Before and after dilation, the rate of aqueous flow was measured by the rate of disappearance of fluorescein from the cornea and the anterior chamber. RESULTS Dilation of the pupil with tropicamide alone had no effect on the rate of clearance of fluorescein. Dilation with phenylephrine increased the rate of clearance of fluorescein by 40% and caused a small increase in the variability among subjects. Dilation with a combination of tropicamide and phenylephrine caused clearance of fluorescein at more than double the normal rate and a marked increase in variability among subjects. CONCLUSIONS When the pupil is dilated sufficiently to permit mixing of aqueous humor in the posterior and anterior chambers, fluorescein can leave the system by a posterior route, and its rate of clearance may not be an accurate measure of the net rate of aqueous humor flow through the anterior chamber.
Fasting glucose is a risk factor for breast cancer: a prospective study.

There is some evidence that glucose and other factors related to glucose metabolism, such as insulin and insulin-like growth-factors (IGFs) may contribute to breast cancer development. The present study analyzed the hypothesis that serum glucose, insulin levels, and IGF-I pattern are associated with breast cancer using a nested case-control study. Between 1987 and 1992, 10,786 women ages 35-69 were recruited in a prospective study in Italy. Women with history of cancer and on hormone therapy were excluded at baseline. At recruitment, blood samples were collected after a 12-h fast between 7:30 and 9:00 a.m. from all of the study participants. After 5.5 years, 144 breast cancer cases were identified among the participants of the cohort. Four matched controls were chosen for each breast cancer case from members of the cohort who did not develop breast cancer during the follow-up period. In premenopausal women, glucose was associated with breast cancer risk: the age, body mass index, and reproductive variable adjusted relative risk (RR) for the highest quartile of serum glucose versus the lowest was 2.8 [95% confidence interval (CI), 1.2-6.5], and P for trend was 0.02. Insulin showed a weaker association with breast cancer, the adjusted RR of the highest quartile versus the lowest was 1.7 (95% CI, 0.7-4.1), and P for trend was 0.14, whereas the adjusted RR of the highest quartile of IGF-I was 3.1 (95% CI, 1.1-8.6), and P for trend was 0.01. Increased levels of insulin-like growth factor binding protein-3 (IGFBP)-3 were related to breast cancer risk: the adjusted RR for the highest quartile was 2.1 (95% CI, 0.95-4.75), and P for trend was 0.02. In postmenopausal women, the associations of glucose, insulin, and IGF-1 pattern were associated with breast cancer risk in heavier subjects characterized by a body mass index higher than 26. These results indicate that chronic alteration of glucose metabolism is related to breast cancer development.
A scalable architecture for real-time analysis of microblogging data

As events take place in the real world, e.g., sports games and marketing campaigns, people react and interact on online social networks (OSNs), especially microblog services such as Twitter, generating a large stream of data. Analyzing this data presents an opportunity for researchers and companies to better understand human behavior (both on the network and in real life) during the event's lifespan. Designing automated systems to conduct these analyses in fractions of minutes (or even seconds) is subjected to many challenges: the volume of data is large, the number of posts in future events cannot be predicted, and the system need to be always available and running smoothly to avoid information loss and delays on delivering the analytics results. In this paper, we present a scalable architecture for real-time analysis of microblogging data, with the ability to deal with large volumes of posts, by considering modular parallel workflows. This architecture, which has been implemented on the IBM InfoSphere Streams platform, was tested on a real-world use case to conduct sentiment analysis of Twitter posts during the games of the 2013 Federation Internationale de Football Association (FIFA) Confederations Cup, and the system has successfully coped with the challenges of this task.
Three TurbidimetricMethodsfor DeterminingTotal ProteinCompared

H. Harold NIshi and Ronald J. Elm1 We used humanserum protein fractions to evaluate the sensitivity and bias of three turbidimetric methods fordeterminingconcentrations ofproteins. Each fraction (Cohn FractionsII,lI,IV,and V) was assigned a protein concentration valuethatwas determinedby the biuretmethod, which we calibratedwith purifiedmonomer of human serum albumin. All three turbidimetnc methods (those involving sulfosalicylic acid/sodiumsulfate, tnchloroacetic acid, and alkaline benzethonium chloride) gave acceptable results for Fraction V with crystallized human serum albumin as the reference material,butthere was biasby each of the three methodsfor the three globulin fractions.The method involvingalkaline benzethonium chloride with measurement at 450 nm had the best sensitivity within the range of linearity and the most consistent bias among the three globulin fractions. These results define the dilemma for valid calibration of these methods for total serum protein in cerebrospinal fluid and urine.
Percutaneous transhepatic cholangioscopy and lithotripsy in treating difficult biliary ductal stones: Two case reports

BACKGROUND Endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) is preferred for managing biliary obstruction in patients with bilio-enteric anastomotic strictures (BEAS) and calculi. In patients whose duodenal anatomy is altered following upper gastrointestinal (UGI) tract surgery, ERCP is technically challenging because the biliary tree becomes difficult to access by per-oral endoscopy. Advanced endoscopic therapies like balloon-enteroscopy or rendevous-ERCP may be considered but are not always feasible. Biliary sepsis and comorbidities may also make these patients poor candidates for surgical management of their biliary obstruction. CASE SUMMARY We present two 70-year-old caucasian patients admitted as emergencies with obstructive cholangitis. Both patients had BEAS associated with calculi that were predominantly extrahepatic in Patient 1 and intrahepatic in Patient 2. Both patients were unsuitable for conventional ERCP due to surgically-altered UGl anatomy. Emergency biliary drainage was by percutaneous transhepatic cholangiography (PTC) in both cases and after 6-weeks’ maturation, PTC tracts were dilated to perform percutaneous transhepatic cholangioscopy and lithotripsy (PTCSL) for duct clearance. BEAS were firstly dilated fluoroscopically, and then biliary stones were flushed into the small bowel or basket-retrieved under visualization provided by the percutaneously-inserted video cholangioscope. Lithotripsy was used to fragment impacted calculi, also under visualization by video cholangioscopy. Satisfactory duct clearance was achieved in Patient 1 after one PTCSL procedure, but Patient 2 required a further procedure to clear persisting intrahepatic calculi. Ultimately both patients had successful stone clearance confirmed by check cholangiograms. CONCLUSION PTCSL offers a pragmatic, feasible and safe method for biliary tract clearance when neither ERCP nor surgical exploration is suitable.