Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Computation of 3D vertex singularities for linear elasticity: Error estimates for a finite element method on graded meshes

This paper is concerned with the computation of 3D vertex singularities of anisotropic elastic fields with Dirichlet boundary conditions, focusing on the derivation of error estimates for a finite element method on graded meshes. The singularities are described by eigenpairs of a corresponding operator pencil on spherical polygonal domains. The main idea is to introduce a modified quadratic variational boundary eigenvalue problem which consists of two self-adjoint, positive definite sesquilinear forms and a skew-Hermitean form. This eigenvalue problem is discretized by a finite element method on graded meshes. Based on regularity results for the eigensolutions estimates for the finite element error are derived both for the eigenvalues and the eigensolutions. Finally, some numerical results are presented.
A posteriori error estimation for the Stokes–Darcy coupled problem on anisotropic discretization

This paper presents an a posteriori error analysis for the stationary Stokes–Darcy coupled problem approximated by finite element methods on anisotropic meshes in RN,N=2 or 3. Korn's inequality for piecewise linear vector fields on anisotropic meshes is established and is applied to non‐conforming finite element method. Then the existence and uniqueness of the approximation solution are deduced for non‐conforming case. With the obtained finite element solutions, the error estimators are constructed and based on the residual of model equations plus the stabilization terms. The lower error bound is proved by means of bubble functions and the corresponding anisotropic inverse inequalities. In order to prove the upper error bound, it is vital that an anisotropic mesh corresponds to the anisotropic function under consideration. To measure this correspondence, a so‐called matching function is defined, and its discussion shows it to be useful tool. With its help, the upper error bound is shown by means of the corresponding anisotropic interpolation estimates and a special Helmholtz decomposition in both media. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
lemonUby – a large , interlinked , syntactically-rich lexical resource for ontologies

We introduce lemonUby, a new lexical resource integrated in the Semantic Web which is the result of converting data extracted from the existing large-scale linked lexical resource UBY to the lemon lexicon model. The following data from UBY were converted: WordNet, FrameNet, VerbNet, English and German Wiktionary, the English and German entries of OmegaWiki, as well as links between pairs of these lexicons at the word sense level (links between VerbNet and FrameNet, VerbNet and WordNet, WordNet and FrameNet, WordNet and Wiktionary, WordNet and German OmegaWiki). We linked lemonUby to other lexical resources and linguistic terminology repositories in the Linguistic Linked Open Data cloud and outline possible applications of this new dataset.
Mathematics 4-1-2009 Weak Sharp Minima on Riemannian Manifolds

This is the first paper dealing with the study of weak sharp minima for constrained optimization problems on Riemannian manifolds, which are important in many applications. We consider the notions of local weak sharp minima, boundedly weak sharp minima, and global weak sharp minima for such problems and obtain their complete characterizations in the case of convex problems on finite-dimensional Riemannian manifolds and their Hadamard counterparts. A number of the results obtained in this paper are also new for the case of conventional problems in linear spaces. Our methods involve appropriate tools of variational analysis and generalized differentiation on Riemannian and Hadamard manifolds developed and efficiently implemented in this paper.
Anchor Text Mining for Translation of Web Queries : A Transitive Translation Approach

To discover translation knowledge in diverse data resources on the Web, this paper proposes an effective approach to finding translation equivalents of query terms and constructing multilingual lexicons through the mining of Web anchor texts and link structures. Although Web anchor texts are wide-scoped hypertext resources, not every particular pair of languages contains sufficient anchor texts for effective extraction of translations for Web queries. For more generalized applications, the approach is designed based on a transitive translation model. The translation equivalents of a query term can be extracted via its translation in an intermediate language. To reduce interference from translation errors, the approach further integrates a competitive linking algorithm into the process of determining the most probable translation. A series of experiments has been conducted, including performance tests on term translation extraction, cross-language information retrieval, and translation suggestions for practical Web search services, respectively. The obtained experimental results have shown that the proposed approach is effective in extracting translations of unknown queries, is easy to combine with the probabilistic retrieval model to improve the cross-language retrieval performance, and is very useful when the considered language pairs lack a sufficient number of anchor texts. Based on the approach, an experimental system called LiveTrans has been developed for English-Chinese cross-language Web search.
Population structure of modern-day Italians reveals patterns of ancient and archaic ancestries in Southern Europe

European populations display low genetic diversity as the result of long term blending of the small number of ancient founding ancestries. However it is still unclear how the combination of ancient ancestries related to early European foragers, Neolithic farmers and Bronze Age nomadic pastoralists can fully explain genetic variation across Europe. Populations in natural crossroads like the Italian peninsula are expected to recapitulate the overall continental diversity, but to date have been systematically understudied. Here we characterised the ancestry profiles of modern-day Italian populations using a genome-wide dataset representative of modern and ancient samples from across Italy, Europe and the rest of the world. Italian genomes captured several ancient signatures, including a non-steppe related substantial ancestry contribution ultimately from the Caucasus. Differences in ancestry composition as the result of migration and admixture generated in Italy the largest degree of population structure detected so far in the continent and shaped the amount of Neanderthal DNA present in modern-day populations. One sentence summary Ancient and historical admixture events shaped the genetic structure of modern-day Italians, the ancestry profile of Southern European populations and the continental distribution of Neanderthal legacy.
Effects of marker type and filtering criteria on QST-FST comparisons

Comparative studies of quantitative and neutral genetic differentiation (QST-FST tests) provide means to detect adaptive population differentiation. However, QST-FST tests can be overly liberal if the markers used deflate FST below its expectation, or overly conservative if methodological biases lead to inflated FST estimates. We investigated how marker type and filtering criteria for marker selection influence QST-FST comparisons through their effects on FST using simulations and empirical data on over 18 000 in silico genotyped microsatellites and 3.8 million single-locus polymorphism (SNP) loci from four populations of nine-spined sticklebacks (Pungitius pungitius). Empirical and simulated data revealed that FST decreased with increasing marker variability, and was generally higher with SNPs than with microsatellites. The estimated baseline FST levels were also sensitive to filtering criteria for SNPs: both minor alleles and linkage disequilibrium (LD) pruning influenced FST estimation, as did marker ascertainment. However, in the case of stickleback data used here where QST is high, the choice of marker type, their genomic location, ascertainment and filtering made little difference to outcomes of QST-FST tests. Nevertheless, we recommend that QST-FST tests using microsatellites should discard the most variable loci, and those using SNPs should pay attention to marker ascertainment and properly account for LD before filtering SNPs. This may be especially important when level of quantitative trait differentiation is low and levels of neutral differentiation high.
Forgotten, but Not Gone: Recovering Memories of Emotional Stories

Forgotten, but Not Gone: Recovering Memories of Emotional Stories. (December 2011) Justin Dean Handy, B.A., High Point University Chair of Advisory Committee: Dr. Steven M. Smith Laboratory methods for studying memory blocking and recovery include directed forgetting, retrieval-induced forgetting, and retrieval bias or memory blocking procedures. These methods primarily use word lists. For example, striking, reversible forgetting effects have been reported for both emotional (e.g., expletives) and nonemotional (e.g., tools) categorized lists of words. The present study examined forgetting and recovery of richer, more episodic materials. Participants studied a series of brief narrative passages varying in emotional intensity, such as a vignette involving torture or child abuse (emotional) vs. vignettes about cycling or insects (non-emotional). Free recall of the 1-word titles of the vignettes (e.g., Torture, Cyclist) showed a strong memory blocking effect, and cues from the stories on a subsequent cued recall test reversed the effect. In a second experiment, vignette-related pictures inserted into an incidental picture naming task triggered some recovery of initially forgotten vignettes, as shown on a post-test. Both emotional and non-emotional stories were susceptible to this reversible memory blocking effect.
Please Scroll down for Article the Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology the Contribution of Familiarity to Recognition Memory Is a Function of Test Format When Using Similar Foils

(2008)'The contribution of familiarity to recognition memory is a function of test format when using similar foils', This article may be used for research, teaching and private study purposes. Any substantial or systematic reproduction, redistribution , reselling , loan or sub-licensing, systematic supply or distribution in any form to anyone is expressly forbidden. The publisher does not give any warranty express or implied or make any representation that the contents will be complete or accurate or up to date. The accuracy of any instructions, formulae and drug doses should be independently verified with primary sources. The publisher shall not be liable for any loss, actions, claims, proceedings, demand or costs or damages whatsoever or howsoever caused arising directly or indirectly in connection with or arising out of the use of this material.
Defining Sustainable Development for Our Common Future: A History of the World Commission on Environment and Development (Brundtland Commission)

Foreword Jim MacNeill 1. Introduction - The Difficult Elements of Sustainable Development Part 1: The Time Before the WCED 2. The Background - Strands Leading up the Brundtland Commission Part 2: The Time of the WCED 3. Establishing the Commission 4. Jakarta 5. Oslo 6. Sao Paulo 7. Ottawa 8. Harare 9. Moscow 10. Bringing Commission Work to an End Part 3: After the WCED 11. Strands leading away from the Brundtland Commission 12. Conclusions - a Retroactive View on Sustainable Development and its Difficult Elements Bibliography Index
A Hardware/Software Codesign Methodology for Power-Aware Smart Cards

Power and energy consumption is an essential design constraint for passive embedded mobile devices. These devices, e.g. smart cards, do not contain an integrated power supply and often provide only limited resources. Such devices can be designed with traditional methods due to their low complexity, but integrated HW/SW co-design methodologies enable the gain of system-level optimization. This paper presents the abstraction of smart card designs to optimize system architecture and memory system. Functiona-level, transactional-level, and cycle-accurate models are presented and discussed. The proposed design flow and results of the evaluation are depicted.
Prediction and final temporal errors are used for trial-to-trial 1 motor corrections 2

12 Correction on the basis of previous errors is paramount to sensorimotor learning. While 13 corrections of spatial errors have been studied extensively, little is known about 14 corrections of previous temporal errors. We tackled this problem in different conditions 15 involving arm movements (AM), saccadic eye movements (SM) or button presses (BP). The 16 task was to intercept a moving target at a designated zone (i. e. no spatial error) either with 17 the hand sliding a pen on a graphics tablet (AM), a saccade (SM) or a button press (BP) that 18 released a cursor moving ballistically for a fixed time of 330 ms. The dependency of the 19 final temporal error on action onset varied from “low” in AM (due to possible online 20 corrections) to “very high” in the other conditions (i.e. open loop). The lag-1 cross21 correlation between action onset and the previous temporal error were close to zero in all 22 conditions suggesting that people minimized temporal variability of the final errors across 23 trials. Interestingly, in conditions SM and BP, action onset did not depend on the previous 24 temporal error. However, this dependency was clearly modulated by the movement time in 25 . CC-BY 4.0 International license It is made available under a (which was not peer-reviewed) is the author/funder, who has granted bioRxiv a license to display the preprint in perpetuity. The copyright holder for this preprint . http://dx.doi. org/10.1101/368001 doi: bioRxiv preprint first posted online Jul. 12, 2018;
Do north-eastern German pharmacies recommend a necessary medical consultation for acute diarrhoea? Magnitude and determinants using a simulated patient approach [version 2; peer review: 3 approved]

Background: In Germany, non-pharmacists (pharmacy technicians and pharmaceutical technical assistants) are permitted to advise on and sell medications in addition to pharmacists. The aim of this study was to determine if pharmacists and non-pharmacists referred patients to a medical consultation for a scenario in which consulting a doctor was mandatory (‘appropriate outcome’) and what the quality of questioning and – if a medication was dispensed – the quality of information provided were in this context. The study also aimed to determine which factors predicted a necessary referral to a doctor. Methods: A cross-sectional, covert simulated patient study was conducted in a random sample of community pharmacies stratified by location in the German state of Mecklenburg-Vorpommern. Each pharmacy was visited once by one of four trained investigators. They simulated a symptom-based request involving a grandmother with acute diarrhoea. A multivariate binary logistic regression analysis using potential variables from bivariate analysis was carried out to determine the predictors for a referral to a doctor. Results: All 199 planned visits were conducted. A necessary referral to a doctor was recommended in 59.8% (n=119) of all visits. The most commonly asked question was ‘for whom is the medication? ’ (75.4%, n=150), while ‘clarification by a doctor’ was asked the least (17.6%, n=35). In 87.9% (n=175) of all visits a medication was dispensed. Multivariate analysis revealed that, unlike pharmacists, nonpharmacists have a 2.446 times higher likelihood of recommending a referral to a doctor (p = 0.044; 95% CI = 1.025–5.835). Conclusions: In almost half of the visits a necessary referral to a doctor was not recommended. Furthermore, the quality of questioning and the quality of information were below expectations. Moreover, involvement of non‐pharmacists was surprisingly identified as a relevant factor influencing the appropriate outcome. Open Peer Review
Message Passing Algorithms for Sparse Network Alignment

Network alignment generalizes and unifies several approaches for forming a matching or alignment between the vertices of two graphs. We study a mathematical programming framework for network alignment problem and a sparse variation of it where only a small number of matches between the vertices of the two graphs are possible. We propose a new message passing algorithm that allows us to compute, very efficiently, approximate solutions to the sparse network alignment problems with graph sizes as large as hundreds of thousands of vertices. We also provide extensive simulations comparing our algorithms with two of the best solvers for network alignment problems on two synthetic matching problems, two bioinformatics problems, and three large ontology alignment problems including a multilingual problem with a known labeled alignment.
User modeling and user adapted interaction

Adaptive hypermedia is a new direction of research within the area of adaptive and user model-based interfaces. Adaptive hypermedia (AH) systems build a model of the individual user and apply it for adaptation to that user, for example, to adapt the content of a hypermedia page to the user's knowledge and goals, or to suggest the most relevant links to follow. AH systems are used now in several application areas where the hyperspace is reasonably large and where a hypermedia application is expected to be used by individuals with different goals, knowledge and backgrounds. This paper is a review of existing work on adaptive hypermedia. The paper is centered around a set of identified methods and techniques of AH. It introduces several dimensions of classification of AH systems, methods and techniques and describes the most important of them.
Intra- and inter-rater reproducibility of the 6-minute walk test and the 30-second sit-to-stand test in patients with severe and very severe COPD

Background: In patients with COPD, the 6-minute walk test (6MWT) and the 30-second sit-to-stand test (30sec-STS) are widely used as clinical outcome measures of walking capacity, lower limb muscle strength, and functional ability. Due to a documented learning effect, at least two trials are recommended for assessment. The aim of our study was to investigate the intra- and inter-rater reliability and agreement of the two tests in patients with severe and very severe COPD (FEV 1 , 50%). Patients and methods: Fifty patients (22 females; mean [SD]: age 67 [9] years, FEV 1 pre-dicted 32 [9]%) were assessed with the 6MWT and the 30sec-STS twice by the same assessor on test-day 1 (T1) and by another assessor 7–10 days later on test-day 2 (T2). Results: The 6MWT intra- and inter-rater reliability (intraclass correlation coefficient, ICC 1.1 ) was 0.98 (lower limit 95% CI: 0.94) and 0.96 (lower limit 95% CI: 0.94), respectively, and agreement (standard error of the measurement, SEM) was 14.8 and 20.5 m, respectively. The 30sec-STS intra- and inter-rater reliability and agreement results were, respectively, ICC 1.1 0.94 (lower limit 95% CI: 0.90) and 0.92 (lower limit 95% CI: 0.86), with SEM of 0.97 and 1.14 repetitions. There was no difference (95% CI: - 5.3; 8.1) between the 6MWT distances on T1, while the mean walking distance improved 7.9 m (0.0 m; 15.8 m) from T1 to T2. Improvement on the same test date was less likely (OR: 3.6 [95% CI: 1.1; 11.8], Fisher’s exact test, P = 0.047) in patients who walked less than 350 m in the 6MWT. We found no clinically relevant learning effect in the 30sec-STS. Conclusion: In patients with severe and very severe COPD the 6MWT and the 30sec-STS showed excellent intra- and inter-rater reliability and acceptable agreement. No learning effect was documented for the tests when performed on the same day. Our data suggest that in clinical practice using different assessors is acceptable, and that a single test trial may be sufficient to assess patients with severe and very severe COPD.
Incorporating Environmental Integrity in Water Quality Trading: Lessons from the Willamette

In Oregon's Willamette Basin a group of diverse leaders are working to expand an existing water quality-trading program from the Willamette's Tualatin Watershed to the entire Basin, with a goal of moving beyond regulatory compliance to meet the ecological needs of the entire landscape. In increasing the scale of the existing water quality-trading program and meeting the ecological goals of the program, two concerns have arisen: (1) assuring that restoration activities generating water quality credits are credible and contribute to ecosystem recovery, while (2) maintaining adequate participation of non-point sources willing to supply credits of high environmental quality. Using a qualitative analysis, my research examines the two primary concerns of scaling up a water quality-trading program to the landscape level. Through focus group sessions, I examine how conservation practitioners believe ecological and environmental quality should be incorporated into a large-scale water quality-trading program. Through semi-structured interviews with agricultural landowners in the Basin, I gain insight into their motives for participating in a water quality-trading program and how environmental quality standards affect their willingness to participate. This analysis results in the classic economic trade off between market simplicity and assurances for environmental integrity. The results indicate that initially a water quality-trading program should be perceived as simple and straightforward in order to generate robust participation. Once there is adequate nonpoint source participation, environmental integrity standards or economic incentives can be incorporated into a market to target ecologically significant areas within a landscape or high environmental quality restoration and conservation actions. 3 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS This Masters Project would not have been possible without the vision of David Primozoch, Executive Director of the Willamette Partnership, insight of Cathy Macdonald, Conservation Director of The Nature Conservancy-Oregon, and innovative thinking of Bobby Cochran, Market Analysis at Clean Water Services. As mentors throughout the process of this project, I would like to thank each of them for their time and support. Dr. Randy Kramer was instrumental in helping me define the scope this project and in its completion. I would like to thank him for all of his guidance and careful editing.
Graphene Nanoribbons The growth and structure of epitaxial graphene nanoribbons

Epitaxial graphene (EG) is grown from SiC(0001). EG is orientationally ordered with the SiC substrate and its thickness can be controlled down to single layers. These properties have been used to grow narrow graphene ribbons with prede ﬁ ned edge types from steps lithographically pre-patterned in the SiC substrate. Controlling the growth of graphene on the step walls has signi ﬁ cantly advanced in the last decade. Optimized growth recipes have enabled numerous techniques to study the structure of these ‘ sidewall ’ graphene ribbons and correlate the ribbon ’ s structure to its electronic properties. In this review, we cover the state of the art EG ribbon growth and show how the electronic properties of these ribbons are related to edge type and the substrate SiC polytype.