Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
ANAEROBIC TREATMENT OF ATRAZINE BEARING WASTEWATER

Performance of mixed microbial anaerobic culture in treating synthetic wastewater with high Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD) and varying atrazine concentration was studied. Performance of hybrid reactors with wood charcoal as adsorbent, with a dose of 10 g/l and 40 g/l, along with the microbial mass was also studied. All the reactors were operated in sequential mode with Hydraulic Retention Time (HRT) of 5 days. In all the cases, COD removal after 5 days was found to be above 81%. Initial COD was above 1000 mg/l. From a hybrid reactor COD removal after 2 days was observed to be 90%. Atrazine reduction after 5 days by microbial mass alone was 43.8%, 40% and 33.2% with an initial concentration of 0.5, 1.0 and 2.0 mg/l respectively. MLSS on all the cases were almost same. Increasing MLSS concentration by about 2 fold did not increase the atrazine removal efficiency significantly. Maximum atrazine removal was observed to be 64% from the hybrid reactor with 10 g/l of wood charcoal and 69.4% from the reactor with 40 g/l of wood charcoal. Atrazine removal from the hybrid reactors after 15 days were observed to be 35.7% and 38.7%, which showed that the higher dose of wood charcoal in hybrid reactor did not improve the atrazine removal efficiency significantly. Specific methanogenic activity test showed no inhibitory effect of atrazine on methane producing bacteria. The performance of anaerobic microorganisms in removing atrazine with no external carbon source and inorganic nitrogen source was studied in batch mode. With an initial concentration of 1.0 mg/l, reduction of atrazine by the anaerobic microorganisms in absence of external carbon source after 35 days was observed to be 61.8% where as in absence of external carbon and inorganic nitrogen source the reduction was only 44.2% after 150 days. Volatilization loss of atrazine was observed to be insignificant.
Choledochal cysts: age of presentation, symptoms, and late complications related to Todani's classification.

PURPOSE The aim of this study was to compare presentation, complications, diagnosis, and treatment of choledochal cysts in pediatric and adult patients. METHODS Forty-two patients were analyzed after subdivision into 3 groups: group A, less than 2 years (n = 10); group B, 2 to 16 years (n = 11); group C, greater than 16 years (n = 21). RESULTS The cysts were classified as extrahepatic (n = 33), intrahepatic (n = 5), and combined (n = 4). Seventy-six percent of patients presented with abdominal pain, (20 of 21 group C), and 57% with jaundice, (10 of 10 group A). Cholangiocarcinoma occurred in 6 patients, 4 of whom had previously undergone internal drainage procedures. Excision of the extrahepatic cyst was performed in 27 of 37 patients. Five patients, of whom, 4 had cholangiocarcinoma, were beyond curative treatment at the time of diagnosis. Six patients had died at the closure of this study, 5 of them had carcinoma. CONCLUSIONS Presenting symptoms are age dependent with jaundice prevailing in children and abdominal pain in adults. In view of the high risk of cholangiocarcinoma, early resection and not internal drainage is the appropriate treatment of extrahepatic cysts. Patients who had undergone internal drainage in the past still should undergo resection of the cyst.
C-Reactive Protein and Other Inflammatory Biomarkers as Predictors of Outcome Following Acute Coronary Syndromes

Despite diagnostic and therapeutic advances, the rate of event recurrence is still relatively high and short- and long-term prediction of risk is necessary although extremely challenging to provide optimal treatment to patients with acute coronary syndromes. Available data recommend the use of C-reactive protein (CRP) as a prognostic marker in patients with acute coronary syndromes in addition to other prognostic factors including troponin levels. Evaluation of CRP levels at time of admission should be included in the evaluation of the patient's risk profile, including clinical data, associated diseases, markers of myocardial necrosis (especially troponin levels), left ventricle performance, and age. A cutoff level of 10 mg/L for CRP may be used as a marker of higher risk for death and possibly myocardial infarction in acute coronary syndromes, and a cutoff of 3 mg/L identifies a group of patients with intermediate risk and a high rate of recurrent events.
An efficient address mapping method for the shared multi-port cache in RAID

The multi-port cache is used in RAID to realize interface processors connecting in networks and to make RAID high band and give high expandability. To improve the performance of RAID, a good address mapping method is needed in the shared cache. In this paper, we propose a new method named the multilevel XOR mapping that considers well the characteristics of the logical address in the shared cache. The method can be realized in hardware and can efficiently reduce the conflicts of the ports and the index of the directory tables in theory. A simulation model is developed and the simulation results show the average access time of one block is reduced about 5% in normal workloads when compared with the full associativity mapping, and more than 10% in heavy workloads.
Productivity losses from road traffic deaths in Turkey

The importance of road traffic injuries in Turkey is not generally appreciated, in part due to lack of knowledge of its economic burden and in part due to major underestimation in official statistics. The total years of potential life lost and potentially productive years of life lost from mortality were calculated in order to estimate the cost of productivity losses from road traffic deaths in Turkey. More years of potentially productive life are lost due to road traffic deaths than to respiratory tract illnesses or diabetes mellitus, two other serious health problems in Turkey. Road traffic deaths cost Turkey an estimated US $2.6 billion every year in productivity losses alone, more than the World Bank estimate of the indirect costs from the 1999 Marmara earthquake (US $1.2–2 billion), Turkey's worst earthquake since 1939 (World Bank Turkey Country Office, 1999). This study highlights the importance of accurate information in ameliorating the burden of road traffic safety in Turkey. Turkey has great opportunities to implement cost-effective interventions to reduce the economic burden of fatal and non-fatal road traffic injuries.
Predicting the risk of severe bacterial infection in children with chemotherapy‐induced febrile neutropenia

The prognosis of febrile neutropenia (FN) in childhood cancer has been considerably improved by the intensification of treatment, including systematic hospitalization and broad‐spectrum antibiotics. As only few children present with a severe bacterial infection (SBI), clinical decision rules have been developed to distinguish those at risk for SBI. The aim of this study was to evaluate the reproducibility of six clinical decision rules proposed in the literature and to compare their performance.
Prostaglandins and Biological Control of Cervical Function

Summary: The uterine cervix is a vital structure for the success of pregnancy. It must remain firmly closed to contain the developing conceptus within the uterus until the fetus has grown to a stage of maturity appropriate for extra‐uterine survival. During the birth process itself, the cervix must undergo the rapid opening known as dilatation to allow the fetus to travel through the birth canal with a minimum of stress and trauma.
Organic nonvolatile memory devices with charge trapping multilayer graphene film

We fabricated an array-type organic nonvolatile memory device with multilayer graphene (MLG) film embedded in polyimide (PI) layers. The memory devices showed a high ON/OFF ratio (over 106) and a long retention time (over 104 s). The switching of the Al/PI/MLG/PI/Al memory devices was due to the presence of the MLG film inserted into the PI layers. The double-log current–voltage characteristics could be explained by the space-charge-limited current conduction based on a charge-trap model. A conductive atomic force microscopy found that the conduction paths in the low-resistance ON state were distributed in a highly localized area, which was associated with a carbon-rich filamentary switching mechanism.
Inequality in oral health-related quality of life before and after a major subsidization reform.

In Finland, a dental subsidization reform, implemented in 2001-2002, abolished age restrictions on subsidized dental care. We investigated income-related inequality in oral health-related quality of life (OHRQoL) and its determinants among adult Finns before and after the reform. Three cross-sectional postal surveys, focusing on perceived oral health and the use of dental services among people born before 1971, were conducted in 2001 (n = 2,046), 2004 (n = 1,728), and 2007 (n = 1,560). Five measures, based on the Oral Health Impact Profile-14, were used as indicators of OHRQoL. Income-related inequality and associated factors were analysed using the concentration index and its decomposition. Prevalence, extent, and severity of oral health impacts were slightly lower in 2007 than in 2001. The oral health impacts were concentrated, at all study time points, among individuals with lower income. Most of the inequality was related to self-perceived general health, tooth loss, and income. Contributions of time since the last dental visit and satisfaction with the last treatment period to the inequality decreased from 2001 to 2007. However, the contributions of these factors were already small (10-20%) in 2001. In general, OHRQoL improved slightly; however, no clear or dramatic change in inequality in OHRQoL was seen after the reform.
An optimal pre-compensation based joint polarization-amplitude-phase modulation scheme for the power amplifier energy efficiency improvement

A Joint Polarization-Amplitude-Phase Modulation (JPAPM) scheme in wireless communication is proposed to improve the Power Amplifier (PA) energy efficiency. The proposed scheme introduces the signal's Polarization State (PS), amplitude and phase as the information-bearing parameters. Thus, the data rate can be further enhanced on the basis of the traditional amplitude-phase modulation. Also, since the transmitted signal's PS completely manipulated by orthogonally dual-polarized antennas is unaffected by the PA, JPAPM can let PA work in its nonlinear region to acquire high PA conversion efficiency. Furthermore, to mitigate the polarization-based impairment to JPAPM caused by the wireless channel's polarization dependent loss effect, the optimal pre-compensation algorithm is also presented. Simulation under the same symbol error rate and channel state shows the JPAPM can improve the PA energy efficiency significantly compared with the traditional quadrature amplitude modulation.
The behavior of meiosis in sperm.

Although brewing for some time, a number of developments have quietly brought about a fundamental revolution in human genetics: our science is no longer a purely observational one, but, increasingly, is "experimental" as well. Two papers in this issue of theJournal that deal with multipoint genetic mapping in human sperm go a long way toward proving this point. In effect, some basic biological aspects of meiosis, the cornerstone of heredity, can now be directly revealed in the human and need not be extrapolated from other experimental organisms. This does not, however, diminish the importance of similar data from experimental crosses. The optimism outlined in the now classic paper by Botstein et al. (1980) that was published in the Journali.e. , that a complete genetic linkage map of the human genome, based on DNA markers, could be constructedis now a firm reality. There have been many advances in molecular, statistical, and computational technologies along the way to enable this fundamental change, and complete genome linkage maps are available for a number of organisms. What is important, and in marked contrast to the past, is that the most comprehensive linkage map anywhere is in the human-an organism with many hurdles for genetic research. A very recent publication describes the identification and mapping of >2,000 highly polymorphic markers that can be rapidly assayed by PCR (Gyapay et al. 1994). This map provides a resolution of <3 cM, and considerably more markers are being generated by the efforts of a number of NIH-funded genome centers in the United States. The availability of this nouveau map means that any human chromosome and its homologue can now be accurately tracked from one generation to the next and that Mendel's laws with all their myriad consequences can be explored. Any individual can now be rapidly genotyped
Carbon nanotubes based composites with high dielectric constant and low loss

Recently, an extraordinary increase has been found in dielectric constant of the composites containing electrical conducting granules. Multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWNTs) are selected as the conducting filler due to their large aspect ratio and unique physical properties, in particular electrical and mechanical. In this research, the dielectric properties of the functionalized multiwalled carbon nanotubes/BaTiO3/Polymer composites are studied. Ball-milling equipment was used to fabricate mechanically treated composite fillers which were composed of BaTiO3 nanoparticles and MWNTs. The hybrid films fabricated by incorporating these composite fillers in a Bismaleimidetriazine matrix had a high dielectric constant (Dk) above 50 and a significantly low loss, less than 0.02 at 10 Wt. % filler loading. However, the ratio of CNT to BaTiO3 was very low, i.e. 1∶10 MWNTs to BaTiO3 content. We studied the effect of various loading ratios of MWNTs to BaTiO3, which led to find out the percolation threshold in the hybrid film. Characteristics including material components, dielectric constant and loss, and topography at dielectric interfaces are compared. The effects of ball milling were investigated. The experimental results suggest that the dielectric properties of the hybrid films containing MWNT/BaTiO3 as fillers can be improved significantly by tailoring the ratio of CNT to BaTiO3 and refining the ball-milling process. This novel hybrid film composed of the composite filler and Bismaleimide-triazine (BT resin) matrix can be used as embedded capacitor material.
Comparative Study of Coping Strategies and Job Satisfaction among Nurses working in General and Psychiatric Hospitals

The purpose of this research was to study the coping strategies and job satisfaction among nurses working in general hospital and psychiatric hospital. The sample consisted of 300 nurses (150 nurses from general hospital and 150 from psychiatric hospital) drawn from Hubli and Dharawad district hospitals, Chitrdurga, shimoga district hospitals of Karnataka. The nurses were administered Ways of Coping questionnaire and job satisfaction questionnaires. The primary objective of the study is to study the use of coping strategies and level of job satisfaction among nurses working in general hospitals and psychiatric hospitals. The participants were administered the ways of coping questionnaire developed by Lazarus and Folkman (1989) and Job satisfaction questionnaire developed by C.N. Daftuar. The results of the study have shown that General hospital nurses and psychiatric hospital nurses shown the difference in using the coping strategies in problematic situations and General hospital nurses and psychiatric hospital nurses shown the difference in the level of job satisfaction they experience in their jobs and finally Gender has no significant influence on the use of coping strategies and level of job satisfaction among nurses working in general hospitals and psychiatric hospitals.
Bimolecular complementation reveals that glycoproteins gB and gH/gL of herpes simplex virus interact with each other during cell fusion

Herpes simplex virus entry into cells requires four glycoproteins, gB, gD, gH, and gL. Binding of gD to one of its receptors triggers steps requiring the core fusion proteins, gB and the gH/gL heterodimer. There is evidence that gH/gL initiates hemifusion of cells, but whether this complex interacts physically with gB to cause complete fusion is unknown. We used bimolecular complementation (BiMC) of enhanced yellow fluorescent protein (EYFP) to detect glycoprotein interactions during cell–cell fusion. The N- or C-terminal half of EYFP was fused to the C terminus of gD, gB, and gH to form six chimeric proteins (Dn, Dc, Bn, Bc, Hn, and Hc). BiMC was detected by confocal microscopy. Receptor-bearing (C10) cells cotransfected with Dn and Bc or Dn, Hc, and untagged gL exhibited EYFP fluorescence, indicative of interactions between gD and gB and between gD and gH/gL. EYFP complementation did not occur in cells transfected with gL, Bc, and Hn. However, when gD was coexpressed with these other three proteins, cell–cell fusion occurred and the syncytia exhibited bright EYFP fluorescence. To separate glycoprotein expression from fusion, we transfected C10 cells with gL, Bc, and Hn for 20 h and then added soluble gD to trigger fusion. We detected fluorescent syncytia within 10 min, and both their number and size increased with exposure time to gD. Thus, when gD binds its receptor, the core fusion machinery is triggered to form a multiprotein complex as a step in fusion and possibly virus entry.
Partitioning of the free space-time for on-road navigation of autonomous ground vehicles

In this article, we consider the problem of trajectory planning and control for on-road driving of an autonomous ground vehicle (AGV) in presence of static or moving obstacles. We propose a systematic approach to partition the collision-free portion of the space-time into convex sub-regions that can be interpreted in terms of relative positions with respect to a set of fixed or mobile obstacles. We show that this partitioning allows decomposing the NP-hard problem of computing an optimal collision-free trajectory, as a path-finding problem in a well-designed graph followed by a simple (polynomial time) optimization phase for any quadratic convex cost function. Moreover, robustness criteria such as margin of error while executing the trajectory can easily be taken into account at the graph-exploration phase, thus reducing the number of paths to explore.
Design of a Nonvolatile 7T1R SRAM Cell for Instant-on Operation

Energy consumption is a major concern in nanoscale CMOS ICs; the power-Off operational mode and low-voltage circuits have been proposed to alleviate energy dissipation. Static random access memories (SRAMs) are widely used in today's chips; nonvolatile SRAMs (NVSRAMs) have been proposed to preserve data, while providing fast power- On/Off speeds. Nonvolatile operation is usually accomplished by the use of a resistive RAM circuit (hence referred to as RRAM); the utilization of a RRAM with an SRAMs not only enables chips to achieve low energy consumption for nonvolatile operation, but it also permits to restore data when a restore on power-up is performed (this operation is also commonly referred to as “Instant-on”). This paper presents a novel NVSRAM circuit for “Instant-on” operation and evaluates its performance at nanometric feature sizes. The proposed memory cell consists of a SRAM core (in this case, a 6T cell) and an oxide resistive RRAM circuit (1T1R), thus making a 7T1R scheme. The proposed cell offers better nonvolatile performance (in terms of operations such as “Store,” “Power-down,” and “Restore”) when compared with existing nonvolatile cells. The scenario of multiple-context configuration is also analyzed. Figures of merit such as energy, operational delay, and area are also substantially improved, making the proposed design a better scheme for “Instant-on” operation.
A 14.2mW 2.55-to-3GHz cascaded PLL with reference injection, 800MHz delta-sigma modulator and 255fsrms integrated jitter in 0.13μm CMOS

Fractional-N PLLs [1-3] are widely used due to their fine frequency resolution. However, their phase noise performance is typically worse than the integer-N [4, 5, 6] counterpart due to the quantization noise of the delta-sigma modulator (DSM). In this paper, we propose a low-noise fractional-N PLL that achieves best-case figure-of-merit (FOM) of -240.3dB, rms jitter of 255fsrms and worst-case fractional spur of -53.9dBc by using an 800MHz reference generated from a low-noise reference-injected integer-N PLL.
Mitogenic actions of endothelin and other growth factors in ovine endometrium.

Endothelin-1 (ET-1) is present in ovine endometrium, primarily in epithelial cells, and increases around the time of implantation. We examined the cell type expressing ET-binding sites in vitro and whether ET-1 has mitogenic actions in the endometrium, alone or in synergy with other growth factors. Purified epithelial and stromal cells were prepared from luteal-phase endometrium. Specific receptors were demonstrated by binding of 125I-ET-1 and proliferative effects of ET-1 and/or other growth factors determined by uptake of [3H]thymidine by cells in serum-free culture. 125I-ET-1 bound to both epithelial (2516 +/- 820 c.p.m./well) and stromal (6368 +/- 1350 c.p.m./well) cells and was displaced by ET-1 (1 mumol l-1). There were no proliferative effects of ET on epithelial cells. ET-1 (10 nmol l-1) stimulated uptake of [3H]thymidine by stromal cells under serum-free conditions in 13/20 individual cell preparations, to 149 +/- 13% of control (untreated = 100%) with dose-dependence between the range of 1 to 100 nmol l-1. Stimulation by fetal calf serum was to 377 +/- 126% of control. The effects on proliferation by other growth factors (dose; % of control +/- S.E.M., number of positive/total number of cell preparations) were: IGF-I (13 nmol l-1; 182 +/- 14, 4/4), epidermal growth factor (EGF; 4.8 nmol l-1; 132 +/- 5%, 7/7), platelet-derived growth factor-BB (0.4 nmol l-1; 146 +/- 3, 2/2) and leukaemia inhibitory factor (0.4 nmol 1-1; 110 +/- 2, 3/3). All stimulations except that of EGF were significant and dose-responsive but only insulin was additive with ET (350 +/- 35, 5/5). ET-1 also stimulated expression of the the AP-1 cis element c-jun, this being maximal at 60 min of exposure to mitogen. ET-1, along with other growth factors has a likely paracrine role in cellular proliferation in the endometrium, possibly in association with blastocyst implantation.
Comparison of Compositions and Antimicrobial Activities of Essential Oils from Chemically Stimulated Agarwood, Wild Agarwood and Healthy Aquilaria sinensis (Lour.) Gilg Trees

The composition and antimicrobial activity of the essential oils which were obtained from agarwood originated from Aquilaria sinensis (Lour.) Gilg stimulated by the chemical method (S1) were characterized, taking wild agarwood (S2) and healthy trees (S3) respectively as the positive and negative controls. The chemical composition of S1 was investigated by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). The essential oil of S1 showed a similar composition to that of S2, being rich in sesquiterpenes and aromatic constituents. However, the essential oil of S3 was abundant in fatty acids and alkanes. Essential oils of S1 and S2 had better inhibition activities towards Bacillus subtilis and Staphyloccus aureus, compared with essential oil of S3. Escherichia coli was not sensitive to any of them.