Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Latino Mobilization in New Immigrant Destinations

We use the 2006 immigrant-rights protests as a point of departure to test whether political opportunity structures aligned to spur widespread immigrant mobilization in new immigrant destinations. The existing immigrant mobilization scholarship would predict the absence of protest in areas of new migration because of their low levels of immigrant civic infrastructure. Through a detailed study of the immigrant-rights protests and their aftermath in Nebraska, we find that the unifying effect of the anti-immigrant legislation on immigrant-ethnic communities nationally allowed immigrants and their leaders to seize the opportunities presented by shifting local politics, new communications technologies, and the growing migrant civil societies in new destinations to spur widespread, if short-lived, mobilization.
The global energy industry: is competition among suppliers ensured?

Over the last 15 years, many factors have affected the effective degree of competition in coal, electricity, gas and oil. This paper concentrates on the effects of globalisation, regulatory reform, privatisation and inter-fuel mergers. While demand side globalisation has led to increased competition, greater supply side globalisation might lead to more collusive behaviour in sectors such as coal and electricity. Regulatory reform has helped foster competition in the US gas market and in several electricity markets. Still, regulators have imposed insufficient vertical separation and the regulation of international electricity transmission remains problematic. Privatisation is very useful in enforcing initial changes in industry structure. Inter-fuel mergers might entail efficiency gains but they also raise significant issues for competition policy authorities.
RFID in the contemporary supply chain: multiple perspectives on its benefits and risks

Purpose – This paper aims to point to established theory bases from other disciplines that may be used to illustrate the benefits, complexities and risks accompanying the adoption of radio‐frequency identification (RFID) technology.Design/methodology/approach – Three theory streams are explored with respect to RFID adoption at two levels: the level of the tagged unit; and the level of the adopting firm. Each theory stream is evaluated specifically with respect to RFID, and research questions are proposed.Findings – A variety of theoretical disciplines bring to light tension between uncertainty that spurs RFID adoption and uncertainty that accompanies RFID adoption.Practical implications – Insights are provided for managers wrestling with: the question of whether and/or how to adopt RFID; or concerns regarding the implications of their decision to adopt RFID. In addition, the theory bases explored in this research offer guidance regarding risks that accompany RFID adoption but are not commonly considered.O.
Reply to “Metronomic chemotherapy beyond misconceptions” - Haematologica 2013;98(11):e145

In their recent comment on our manuscript “Metronomic therapy is an effective salvage treatment for heavily pre-treated relapsed/refractory multiple myelo ma”, Drs. Hatzimichael and Briasoulis generally agree with the findings and results of metronomically scheduled chemotherapy for relapsed refractory patients, a challeng ing group of patients with an unmet medical need. However, the Authors raise some concerns about terminology and definitions, which we would like to clarify. In the reported retrospective study, responses were evaluated on at least two consecutive assessments for every individual case before the start of a new therapy according to the latest IMWG criteria. 1 This allowed us to not only report response rates, but also time to best response. It should be noted that the term “two consecutive assess ments” refers to distinct time points and allows assess ment of response even after a single cycle of therapy. As the Authors correctly point out, the concept of “Metronomic chemotherapy stands in the antipode of MTD (maximum-tolerated dose) chemotherapy and is by concept an angiogenesis targeted cancer therapy”. In fact, the antiangiogenic effect forms the foundation of metro nomic chemotherapy 2 and it is the only one that has been convincingly demonstrated ex vivo . 3-5 For this reason, metronomic chemotherapy is often combined with the anti-VEGF antibody bevacizumab in solid tumors. 6
The courtship-inhibiting pheromone is ignored by female-deprived gregarious desert locust males

Gregarious mature males of the desert locust (Schistocerca gregaria) emit a courtship-inhibiting pheromone continuously to repel rivals. This signal evokes a strong response from males with recent experience of mature females. However, if males have been female deprived for some time, they start to ignore the pheromone and attempt to usurp females that are guarded by males. The probability and intensity with which males struggle for an occupied mate was found to depend on the time previously spent without a female. This adaptive behaviour is similar to the response to host-marking pheromones in phytophagous insects and parasitoids.
Hardware-Accelerated Real-Time Rendering of Gaseous Phenomena

Abstract In this paper, the problem of rendering a gas in real time is approached by placing specific constraints on the distribution of densities and color inside the gas. A mult i-pass algorithm for real-time rendering of a gas defined by a three-dimensional boundary is presented. The density and the color of the gas inside the boundary may be constant, or the color of a dense gas can be defined by a texture. This algorithm is combined with an existing algorithm for rendering layered fog so that the density and color inside the three-dimensional boundary can vary along a single axis. Despite the constraints, the algorithms can be used to render a variety of volumetric phenomena in real time. The OpenGL implementation of the algorithms presen ted in this paper is used in SGI's Performer, Version 2.4, released in November 2000.
POPULATION STRUCTURE AND MORPH‐SPECIFIC FITNESS DIFFERENCES IN TRISTYLOUS LYTHRUM SALICARIA

In tristylous plant populations, style‐morph frequencies are governed by an interaction between frequency‐dependent selection due to disassortative mating and stochastic processes. Provided that there are no inherent fitness differences among morphs, frequency‐dependent selection should result in equal morph frequencies at equilibrium. Stochastic models indicate that the short‐styled morph has the highest and the long‐styled morph the lowest probability of being lost from local populations as a result of random processes. We surveyed the morph composition of 82 populations of the tristylous, self‐incompatible herb Lythrum salicaria in two archipelagos, one in central and one in northern Sweden, located close to the range‐margin of the species. To examine whether deviations from even morph frequencies can be explained by among‐morph differences in reproductive success, we quantified flower and seed production in six and three populations in the northern and southern archipelago, respectively, and we recorded segregation ratios in offspring produced in six trimorphic populations in the northern area. Seed germination and offspring growth were studied in the greenhouse.
Union-N onunion Wage Differentials in the Public Administration, Educational, and Private Sectors: 1970-1983

Over the past thirty years, union membership and bargaining activity in the United States has been declining in the private sector and rising in the public sector. The authors use two large micro databases to estimate changes in the union wage premium among public administration, education, and private sector workers for the decade of the 1970s and early 1980s. Their empirical analysis indicates that the union relative wage effects continue to be lower in the public sector than in the private sector, despite the relative gains in public sector union membership and bargaining activities. Copyright 1987 by MIT Press.
Vitamin D, Muscle Function, and Cardiorespiratory Fitness in Adolescents From the Young Hearts Study.

CONTEXT Vitamin D insufficiency is common among the adolescent population and may have implications for health outcomes in later life. Few studies have investigated the role of vitamin D status in muscle function and cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) during adolescence. OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to investigate the association between vitamin D status and fat-free mass (FFM), muscle strength, muscle power, and CRF in a representative sample of adolescents from Northern Ireland. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS This was a cross-sectional study involving 1015 adolescents (age 12 and 15 y), who had 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D] data available as part of the Young Hearts Study 2000. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES The main outcome measures of this study were FFM (kg) and FFM corrected for height [fat-free mass index; FFM (kg)/height (m(2))], muscle strength (kg), peak muscle power (kW) and VO2 max (CRF; mL/kg/min). RESULTS Multinomial regression analyses, controlling for environmental and lifestyle factors, demonstrated that boys age 15 years in the highest tertile of standardized serum 25(OH)D concentration (> 51 nmol/L) had significantly higher muscle strength (β = 3.90; P ≤ .001) compared with those in the lowest tertile (< 32 nmol/L). These results were not evident in any other age-sex group and vitamin D status was not significantly associated with muscle power or CRF in any of the four age-sex groups. CONCLUSION These results support a role for vitamin D in muscle function in adolescent males and suggest the need for more research in this vulnerable age group.
Regulation, Transport and Regional Performance

Transport provision has a clear relationship to regional economic performance. Since transport is typically provided in a regulated market it is important to understand the ways in which the regulatory regimes can affect the efficient provision of transport. This paper explores ways in which the differential regulation of transport by regional authorities can affect the relative economic performance of regions. The basic hypothesis to be assessed is whether under competing regulatory regimes regions will tend to under-invest or over-invest in their transport provision. In this paper we develop a simple model of regulatory competition in a multi-agency world. The analysis demonstrates how regulatory conflicts can lead to inefficiencies which impact not just on the provision of transport services, but also on the potential wider benefits from transport, most notably labour market efficiency and productivity growth. In some cases this may result in regions over-investing in transport in an attempt to seek competitive advantage; in other cases they may under-invest seeking to benefit from spillovers from the level of investment in neighbouring regions. The paper concludes with a discussion of policy implications and alternatives.JEL Classification: L51, L91, R11, R48
Inventory Stability and Resource Allocation under Uncertainty in a Command Economy

This paper focuses on a theoretical issue involved in modeling the functioning of a centrally planned economy. Results derived in a model of inventory behavior indicate that the uncertain consequences of economic decisions and their cumulative impact on the functioning of the economy need to be explicitly recognized in order to study plan implementation. When this is done the need for institutions or procedures with homeostatic properties, i.e., negative feedback mechanisms, is revealed. Without such mechanisms orders consistent with a feasible plan may be unable to insure implementation of that plan even when all economic agents are perfectly motivated. Three types of feedback mechanisms resolving this difficulty are formulated and discussed with respect to inventory behavior in a centrally planned economy.
Social Media In Sports: Can Professional Sports League Commissioners Punish 'Twackle Dummies'?

Daniel J. Friedman writes an article discussing the rise and popularity in social media use by professional athletes. He then discusses some of the new problems that have arisen due to social media misuse and the power of the Commissioner to restrict and punish the players for misuse. The article culminates with a case study hypothetical related to content based social media misuse and whether the Commissioners of professional sports league can punish a player for the content of their social media messages. Cover Page Footnote Daniel J. Friedman is a 2011 graduate of Marquette University Law School, where besides earning his Juris Doctorate, he obtained a sports law certificate from the National Sports Law Institute. Currently, he is a baseball agent and advisor with Riehl Sports Management LLC and also volunteers as an Employments Rights Attorney with Beit Tzedek Legal Services in Los Angeles, California. In his free time, he writes and edits the legal blog “Lockout Lowdown”, a blog dedicated to employment and labor law issues in professional sports and the entertainment industries. You can follow him on Twitter @Lockout_Lowdown. This article is available in Pace I.P., Sports & Entertainment Law Forum: http://digitalcommons.pace. edu/pipself/vol2/iss1/3 74 PACE I.P., SPORTS & ENTERTAINMENT LAW FORUM [Vol. 2 Social Media In Sports: Can Professional Sports League Commissioners Punish 'Twackle Dummies'? An Analysis of Professional Sports Leagues Restrictions on Athletes’ Use of Social Media Daniel J. Friedman 1
The role of fulvestrant in endometrial cancer

ABSTRACT Introduction: Endometrial cancer is the most common malignancy of the female genital tract in industrialized countries. The traditional treatment of endometrial cancer is based on a surgical approach. In recent years, systemic endocrine therapy has demonstrated good efficacy in recurrent or metastatic setting, delaying progression, ameliorating quality of life and palliating symptoms. Areas covered: Phase I and II studies on selective estrogen receptor down-regulators used for the treatment of endometrial cancer treatment have been reviewed. The pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic features of selective receptor down-regulators have been also investigated. Expert opinion: Selective estrogen receptor down-regulators may exhibit clinical efficacy in the treatment of gynecological malignancies due to their pure estrogen receptor antagonist properties. However, up to now data are still limited and some unsolved questions remain. Fulvestrant has poor oral bioavailability and low pharmacodynamic characteristics. Further trials are required to examine new selective estrogen receptor down-regulator agents with better pharmacodynamic and pharmacokinetic profiles.
Endoproteolytic Cleavage and Proteasomal Degradation of Presenilin 2 in Transfected Cells*

Mutations in the presenilin genes, PS1 and PS2, cause a major portion of early onset familial Alzheimer's disease (FAD). The biological roles of the presenilins and how their pathological mutations confer FAD are unknown. In this study, we set out to examine the processing and degradation pathways of PS2. For regulated expression of PS2, we have established inducible cell lines expressing PS2 under the tight control of the tetracycline-responsive transactivator. Western blot analysis revealed that PS2 was detected as an ∼53-55-kDa polypeptide (54-kDa PS2) as well as a high molecular mass form (HMW-PS2). Using a stably transfected, inducible cell system, we have found that PS2 is proteolytically cleaved into two stable cellular polypeptides including an ∼20-kDa C-terminal fragment and an ∼34-kDa N-terminal fragment. PS2 is polyubiquitinated in vivo, and the degradation of PS2 is inhibited by proteasome inhibitors, N-acetyl-L-leucinal-L-norleucinal and lactacystin. Our studies suggest that PS2 normally undergoes endoproteolytic cleavage and is degraded via the proteasome pathway.
Gene expression plasticity in response to salinity acclimation in threespine stickleback ecotypes from different salinity habitats

Phenotypic plasticity is thought to facilitate the colonization of novel environments and shape the direction of evolution in colonizing populations. However, the relative prevalence of various predicted patterns of changes in phenotypic plasticity following colonization remains unclear. Here, we use a whole‐transcriptome approach to characterize patterns of gene expression plasticity in the gills of a freshwater‐adapted and a saltwater‐adapted ecotype of threespine stickleback (Gasterosteus aculeatus) exposed to a range of salinities. The response of the gill transcriptome to environmental salinity had a large shared component common to both ecotypes (2159 genes) with significant enrichment of genes involved in transmembrane ion transport and the restructuring of the gill epithelium. This transcriptional response to freshwater acclimation is induced at salinities below two parts per thousand. There was also differentiation in gene expression patterns between ecotypes (2515 genes), particularly in processes important for changes in the gill structure and permeability. Only 508 genes that differed between ecotypes also responded to salinity and no specific processes were enriched among this gene set, and an even smaller number (87 genes) showed evidence of changes in the extent of the response to salinity acclimation between ecotypes. No pattern of relative expression dominated among these genes, suggesting that neither gains nor losses of plasticity dominated the changes in expression patterns between the ecotypes. These data demonstrate that multiple patterns of changes in gene expression plasticity can occur following colonization of novel habitats.
Transitioning from fast-follower to innovator: The institutional foundations of the Korean telecommunications sector

ABSTRACT In a world of rapid technological change and increasing interdependence between national and global networks, what institutions are necessary to facilitate the execution of a developmental project? An increasingly popular view expects the East Asian model of development to be ill-equipped to deal with the challenges involved in the information economy while the institutions of a ‘developmental network state’ are argued to be of greater utility. This paper tests this view in light of a dramatic shift in the business strategy of Korean firms in the telecommunications sector in the early years of the twenty-first century. I argue that core features of the Korean model have been recombined in creative and unanticipated ways to meet the twin challenges of economic openness and knowledge-based industrialisation. The argument is developed through an examination of the Korean government's promotion of a novel Korean-developed mobile broadcasting standard. I identify and trace the emergence of the institutional conditions which facilitated the rise of new and innovative forms of state-industry collaboration. The findings have implications for two outstanding issues in the developmental state literature: the role of former developmental states after liberalisation and the type of institutions useful beyond the catch-up process.
Transition state analogues in structures of ricin and saporin ribosome-inactivating proteins

Ricin A-chain (RTA) and saporin-L1 (SAP) catalyze adenosine depurination of 28S rRNA to inhibit protein synthesis and cause cell death. We present the crystal structures of RTA and SAP in complex with transition state analogue inhibitors. These tight-binding inhibitors mimic the sarcin–ricin recognition loop of 28S rRNA and the dissociative ribocation transition state established for RTA catalysis. RTA and SAP share unique purine-binding geometry with quadruple π-stacking interactions between adjacent adenine and guanine bases and 2 conserved tyrosines. An arginine at one end of the π-stack provides cationic polarization and enhanced leaving group ability to the susceptible adenine. Common features of these ribosome-inactivating proteins include adenine leaving group activation, a remarkable lack of ribocation stabilization, and conserved glutamates as general bases for activation of the H2O nucleophile. Catalytic forces originate primarily from leaving group activation evident in both RTA and SAP in complex with transition state analogues.
Impact of recipient twin preoperative myocardial performance index in twin–twin transfusion syndrome treated with laser*

Abstract Objective: To validate the efficacy of laser therapy for twin–twin transfusion syndrome (TTTS) in the treatment of recipient twin cardiomyopathy and investigate whether severity of preoperative cardiomyopathy can predict fetal survival postoperatively. Study design: Retrospective study of monochorionic-diamniotic (MCDA) pregnancies complicated by TTTS treated by selective fetoscopic laser photocoagulation (SFLP) performed between March 2010 and October 2014 at a single center. The recipient right ventricular (RV) and left ventricular (LV) myocardial performance index (MPI) were measured both pre- and postoperatively. The data were analyzed with the Wilcoxon signed rank and parametric t-tests. Results: Forty-three women met inclusion criteria during the study period. There was a substantial improvement in recipient LV (0.57 ± 0.13 versus 0.43 ± 0.13, p ≤ 0.0001) and RV (0.60 ± 0.16 versus 0.49 ± 0.18, p ≤ 0.0001) MPI postoperatively (median = 8 days). Recipient preoperative LV and RV MPI did not correlate with recipient or donor survival at 24 hours, 7 days or at birth. Thirty-seven recipients (95%) showed improvement in either LV or RV MPI and 22 (56%) showed complete resolution of cardiac dysfunction. Conclusion: Laser treatment for TTTS causes rapid improvement in the cardiac function of recipient fetuses. The severity of recipient preoperative MPI does not correlate with survival of either twin postoperatively.
BAOBAB: a Java editor for large phylogenetic trees

SUMMARY BAOBAB is a Java user interface dedicated to viewing and editing large phylogenetic trees. Original features include: (i) a colour-mediated overview of magnified subtrees; (ii) copy/cut/paste of (sub)trees within or between windows; (iii) compressing/ uncompressing subtrees; and (iv) managing sequence files together with tree files. AVAILABILITY http://www.univ-montp2.fr/~genetix/.
Evaluating the efficiency of a small hotel chain with a Malmquist productivity index

By applying data envelopment analysis (DEA) a two-stage procedure is followed to evaluate the determinants of efficiency of a Portuguese public-owned hotel chain, Enatur for the period 1999 to 2001. In the first stage the paper estimates the Malmquist index and breaks it down into technical efficiency and technological change. In the second stage, a Tobit econometric model, designed to relate efficiency scores, along with other managerial and contextual variables, is used to identify the efficiency drivers. The implications of this study for managerial purposes are then discussed. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.