Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Failure analysis of open faults by using detecting/un-detecting information on tests

Recently, manufacturing defects including opens in the interconnect layers have been increasing. Therefore, a failure analysis for open faults has become important in manufacturing. Moreover, the failure analysis for open faults under BIST environment is demanded. Since the quality of the failure analysis is engaged by the resolution of locating the fault, we propose the method for locating single open fault at a stem, based on only detecting/un-detecting information on tests. Our method deduces candidate faulty stems based on the number of detections for single stuck-at fault at each fan-out branches, by performing single stuck-at fault simulation with both detecting and un-detecting tests. To improve the ability of locating the fault, the method reduces the candidate faulty stems based on the number of detections for multiple stuck-at faults at fanout branches of the candidate faulty stem, by performing multiple stuck-at fault simulation with detecting tests.
Construction of LDPC codes based on narrow-sense-primitive BCH codes

In this paper, we present an algebraic method for constructing regular low-density parity-check (LDPC) codes based on narrow-sense-primitive BCH codes. The construction method results in a class of high rate LDPC codes in Gallager's original form. Codes in this class are free of cycles of length 4 in their Tanner graph and have good minimum distances. They can perform well with the iterative decoding. Also, proposed algebra LDPC codes can be designed for a new class of irregular codes based on a semi-algebraic structure for various code rates. It is shown that, with the proposed construction algorithms, fast construction time and reduced memory without the performance degradation can be achieved.
Cognition and Communication at Work

The book ‘Cognition and Communication at Work,’ edited by Yrjo Engestrom and David Middleton, is a useful portal for management scholars who may be searching for grounded theory that aids them in understanding the microscopic linkages between knowledge and organization. As the title suggests, there is a heavy emphasis in this book on the communicative bases of work activity. This emphasis means that the focus of many of the chapters is on how distributed work is coordinated and how collective activities are accomplished via language and specialized nomenclatures.
A wireless sensor network compatible wearable u-healthcare monitoring system using integrated ECG, accelerometer and SpO2

This paper presents the design and development of a wearable ubiquitous healthcare monitoring system using integrated electrocardiogram (ECG), accelerometer and oxygen saturation (SpO2) sensors. In this design, non-intrusive healthcare system was designed based on wireless sensor network (WSN) for wide area coverage with minimum battery power to support RF transmission. We have developed various devices such as wearable ubiquitous sensor network (USN) node, wearable chest sensor belt and wrist pulse oximeter for this system. Low power ECG, accelerometer and SpO2 sensors board was integrated to the wearable USN node for user's health monitoring. The wearable ubiquitous healthcare monitoring system allows physiological data to be transmitted in wireless sensor network using IEEE 802.15. 4 from on-body wearable sensor devices to a base-station which is connected to a server PC. Physiological data can be displayed and stored in the server PC continuously.
Squamous Metaplasia of the Subglottic Space and its Relation to Smoking

A macroscopic staining method was used to assess the incidence and extent of squamous metaplasia of the subglottic portion of the larynx. A total of 226 postmortem specimens were studied, 105 from nonsmokers and 121 from smokers. More than half of the specimens stained showed some metaplasia, but the incidence and extent of metaplasia was greater in smokers than in nonsmokers, and women were more affected than men. The incidence of metaplasia was greater in pipe and cigar smokers than in nonsmokers, but previous smokers did not differ from nonsmokers.
Fluoroquinolones Inhibit HCV by Targeting Its Helicase

Background HCV has infected >170 million individuals worldwide. Effective therapy against HCV is still lacking and there is a need to develop potent drugs against the virus. In the present study, we have employed two culture models to test the activity of fluoroquinolone drugs against HCV: a subgenomic replicon that is able to replicate independently in the cell line Huh-8 and the Huh-7 cell culture model that employs cells transfected with synthetic HCV RNA to produce the infectious HCV particles. Fluoroquinolones have also been shown to have inhibitory activity against certain viruses, possibly by targeting the viral helicase. To tease out the mechanism of the antiviral activity of fluoroquinolones, their effect on HCV NS3 helicase protein was also tested. Methods Huh-7 cells producing the HCV virion as well as Huh-8 cells were grown in the presence or absence of 12 different fluoroquinolones. Afterwards, Huh-7 and Huh-8 cells were lysed and viral RNA was extracted. The extracted RNA was reverse transcribed and quantified by real-time quantitative PCR. Fluoroquinolones were also tested on purified NS3 protein in a molecular-beacon-based in vitro helicase assay. Results To varying degrees, all of the tested fluoroquinolones effectively inhibited HCV replication in both Huh-7 and Huh-8 culture models. The inhibition of HCV NS3 helicase activity was also observed with all 12 of the fluoroquinolones. Conclusions Fluoroquinolones inhibit HCV replication possibly by targeting the HCV NS3 helicase. These drugs hold promise for the treatment of HCV infection.
Inequality in the World Polity: The Structure of International Organization

Recent research reveals strong effects of involvement in international organizations on state policies, but much of this research downplays inequality in world political Participation, and there is only a limited understanding of what explains world-Polity ties. Using data on memberships in intergovernmental and international nongovernmental organizations (IGOs and INGOs) for 1960 through 2000, this study analyzes inequality in the world polity. IGO ties are fairly evenly distributed, but the level of inequality in INGO ties is as high as the level of world income inequality. Since 1960, inequality in ties to IGOs decreased sharply, but inequality in ties to INGOs remained more stable. A conflict-centered model of the world polity is developed here that explains world political participation as a function of material and symbolic conflict. Rich, core, Western states and societies have significantly more ties to the world polity than do others. Powerful states dominate IGOs less now than they did in 1960, but rich, core, Western societies have grown more dominant in the INGO field.
Participation of Rip2 in Lipopolysaccharide Signaling Is Independent of Its Kinase Activity*

Rip2 (Rick, Cardiak, CCK2, and CARD3) is a serine/threonine kinase containing a caspase recruitment domain (CARD) at the C terminus. Previous reports have shown that Rip2 is involved in multiple receptor signaling pathways that are important for innate and adaptive immune responses. However, it is not known whether Rip2 kinase activity is required for its function. Here we confirm that Rip2 participates in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)/Toll-like receptor (TLR4) signaling and demonstrate that its kinase activity is not required. Upon LPS stimulation, Rip2 was transiently recruited to the TLR4 receptor complex and associated with key TLR signaling mediators IRAK1 and TRAF6. Furthermore, Rip2 kinase activity was induced by LPS treatment. These data indicate that Rip2 is directly involved in the LPS/TLR4 signaling. Whereas macrophages from Rip2-deficient mice showed impaired NF-κB and p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase activation and reduced cytokine production in response to LPS stimulation, LPS signaling was intact in macrophages from mice that express Rip2 kinase-dead mutant. These results demonstrate that Rip2-mediated LPS signaling is independent of its kinase activity. Our findings strongly suggest that Rip2 functions as an adaptor molecule in transducing signals from immune receptors.
Markovian model of RED mechanism

The IP networks are faced today with difficult task of satisfying the needs of connections requiring different QoS by sharing the same physical resources, e.g. bandwidth and buffers. Buffers are a key component of packet-switched network, as they absorb burst arrivals of packets and hence reduce losses. Larger buffers can absorb larger bursts but they tend to build up high load and increase queueing delays. The traditional technique for managing delay is to set a maximum length for each buffer queue, accept packets in the queue until the maximum length is reached. Distributed computational grids depend on TCP to ensure reliable end-to-end communication between nodes across the wide area network (WAN). In the core of network (routers), it is believed that random early detection (RED) will alleviate problems related to synchronization of flows and also provide some notion of QoS by intelligent dropping. In this paper we develop simple Markovian model for the RED buffer management schemes, and use these models to quantify the benefits brought about by RED. In particular we examine the impact of RED on the loss rate and the mean delay. We analyse the transient and stationary states, using Markovian model. We show that the loss probability is the same for TCP and UDP traffics if RED algorithm is used. This loss rate of a flow going through a RED router does not depend of the burstiness of this flow, but only on the load it generates.
The Role of Network Analysis in Industrial and Applied Mathematics

Many problems in industry --- and in the social, natural, information, and medical sciences --- involve discrete data and benefit from approaches from subjects such as network science, information theory, optimization, probability, and statistics. The study of networks is concerned explicitly with connectivity between different entities, and it has become very prominent in industrial settings, an importance that has intensified amidst the modern data deluge. In this commentary, we discuss the role of network analysis in industrial and applied mathematics, and we give several examples of network science in industry. We focus, in particular, on discussing a physical-applied-mathematics approach to the study of networks. We also discuss several of our own collaborations with industry on projects in network analysis.
A Ku-Band Metal-only Monopulse Folded Transmitarray antenna

In this paper, a Ku-band metal-only monopulse folded transmitarray antenna (MFTA) based on a single-layer metal cavity polarization rotator is introduced. The proposed MFTA is comprised of a planar metal-only transmission array (MTA), a wideband metal-only polarization rotation reflection surface (MPRRS) and a wideband monopulse feed as the primary source. First, an innovative ultrathin transmitarray element is designed, comprising a single metal cavity placed between two metallic layers, which has the ability to reflect a single linearly polarized wave while allowing the transmission of its perpendicular linearly polarized wave. Then, a wideband MPRRS element has been innovatively developed, thereby convert one LP wave into its orthogonal LP wave. A wideband ridge horn is chosen as the feed. The proposed MFRA decreases the distance between the MTA and the MPRRS to about one-third of the distance between the MTA and the mirror feed using the ray tracing principle, approximately. The sum beam gain of the proposed MFRA is 27.2dB, the null depth of difference beam is less than -30dB at 16 GHz.
Early lexical acquisition: the role of cross-situational learning

Several theorists have proposed that children may learn the meaning of a new word by paying attention to the element that remains constant across multiple uses of that word. The current study presents a direct test of this hypothesis. Two-, three- and four-year-olds (N = 24 in each group) were presented with novel objects that differed systematically in shape and texture. Children were shown one target object and were told 'This is a modi one'. In the Shape condition, two objects that matched the target object in shape (and differed in texture) were also labelled 'modi ones'. In the Texture condition, the two objects matched the target in texture (and differed in shape). Subsequent tests indicated that, in extending the novel adjective to other exemplars, children in all age groups attended to the consistent element across naming contexts. Implications for theories of lexical acquisition are discussed.
Networks of practices in critical consumption

This article proposes some theoretical and methodological advancements in the study of critical consumption within the framework of the theory of practices. It does so by applying an innovative analytic technique based on network analysis: using data from a survey of a representative sample of the Italian population, we analyze the structure of connections between variables at different levels of correlations, and then we focus on some interesting local neighborhoods that suggest elements for interpretative frameworks. The aim of this article is to explore whether it is possible to consider critical consumption as a practice, and if so what are the elements that characterize it as an entity. We also aim to observe whether these elements are connected to other (not necessarily sustainable) practices. Results do not show robust and coherent connections of elements that allow speaking of critical consumption as a practice, but they identify interesting anchor points where ethnographic approaches can be directed. These crossroads, where bundles of elements encounter, suggest the existence of loose knits of activities where competences and meanings of different practices encounter and contaminate.
Common Goods and Private Profits: Traditional and Modern Communal Land Management in Portugal

In Portugal still exist large tracts of communally owned land used for grazing, gathering, and for provision of fertilizer. Within users' communities inequality can persist as one's capability to exploit a communal resource is related to access to private means of production: cattle, man-power, and land. Communal land has become private property by usurpation, sales by local authorities, and partitioning amongst the commoners after state intervention. In all cases, elites benefitted more than lower strata. Most of the remaining area has been placed under control of the forestry services, but since 1976, local communities can exercise rights of exploitation and management over these areas as well. Although revenues of state planted forests sometimes have become the bone of contention between local factions, and local and higher level organizations within and outside the state, this combination of forestry and popular rights seems to offer the best guarantee for equal distribution of communal wealth.
Using moment invariants to analyze 3-D color textures

We introduce an image model for color texture based on spatial correlation functions defined both within and between color bands. We show that three dimensional geometric transformations of a surface in the scene produce corresponding transformations in these correlation functions. From this analysis, we derive invariants of color correlation functions that can be computed efficiently and used for geometry invariant recognition. We show experimentally that these invariants are effective for recognition in situations where neither color distributions nor gray scale texture are sufficient. Following recognition, the estimated color correlation functions can be used to recover the three dimensional location and orientation of surfaces. The color texture invariants can be used in the recognition of three dimensional objects, the segmentation of images of three dimensional scenes, and the searching of image databases. <<ETX>>
Magnetic Coupled Circuits Modeling of Induction Machines Oriented to Diagnostics

In this paper, a transient model of the faulty machine is developed. The model is referred to a three phase stator winding, while the rotor has been represented by all the meshes allowing for the representation of various faults. The model is based on coupled magnetic circuit theory by considering that the current in each bar is an independent variable. The model incorporates non-sinusoidal air-gap magneto motive force (MMF) produced by both stator and rotor, therefore it will include all the space harmonics in the machine. Simulations and experimental results were then used to study rotor faults cause-effect relationships in the stator current and the frequency signature.
User comments: motives and inhibitors to write and read

User comments allow ‘annotative reporting’ by embedding users’ viewpoints within an article's context, providing readers with additional information to form opinions, which can potentially enhance deliberative processes. But are these the only reasons why people comment on online news and read these comments? This study examines factors that motivate, or demotivate and constrict, such participation by surveying nearly 650 commenters, lurkers, and non-users in Germany. From a normative perspective, the results are ambivalent. The results show that commenters are driven by social-interactive motives to participate in journalism, and to discuss with other users. However, the data suggest that commenters do not obtain cognitive gratifications to the desired extent. Presumably, their exchange is socially and not deliberatively motivated. Reading comments is fuelled by both cognitive and entertainment motives, but regression analyses show that the entertainment dimension − a dimension that is not usually considered to be linked to deliberation processes − is the more stable one. A low standard of discussions not only increases the frequency at which comments are read, but also reduces lurkers’ satisfaction. Similarly, non-users are even more frustrated by the low quality of discussions. They consider such participation activities to be a waste of time, and are not willing to register.
Sources de dépendance et stratégies pour innover. Une application aux studios de jeu vidéo français

Les entreprises ne maitrisant pas l'integralite du processus de creation d'un produit sont sujettes a des situations de dependance face a certains acteurs. La creation d'un jeu video necessite l'intervention d'une multitude d'entreprises qui doivent se coordonner pour proposer un produit final attractif. Ces interactions conduisent a l'emergence d'une dependance de certains acteurs au sein de la filiere vis-a-vis d'autres. Les studios, situes au centre de cette filiere, sont particulierement interessants a etudier car ils subissent une dependance face aux acteurs tant de l'amont que de l'aval. L'objectif de cet article est d'apporter une contribution quant aux sources de dependance influencant le choix strategique : cooperation ou integration. En effet, les recherches existantes se focalisent essentiellement sur l'impact de ce choix sur la performance. Grâce a la realisation de cinq etudes de cas, nous tentons d'examiner l'influence des differentes sources de dependance sur le choix d'une strategie de cooperation ou d'integration. Les resultats montrent que les strategies mises en oeuvre par les studios dependent de la nature de la dependance.
A refined approach to the repair of postcholecystectomy bile duct strictures.

OBJECTIVE To assess the results of a refined approach to repair of postcholecystectomy bile duct strictures. DESIGN An 11-year retrospective review of patients who had surgical repair of bile duct strictures developing late after cholecystectomy. SETTING A major university teaching hospital in France. PATIENTS AND INTERVENTIONS During an 11-year period from 1987 to 1997, 22 patients (mean [+/-SD] age, 55+/-15 years) were operated on for bile duct strictures after cholecystectomy (11 after laparoscopic surgery and 11 after open surgery). Thirteen (59%) of the 22 patients had previous repair. Most patients had episodic cholangitis (14 patients [64%]) and biochemical evidence of cholestasis (20 patients [91%]). There were 5 Bismuth type 1 strictures; 4, type 2; 7, type 3; 5, type 4; and 1, type 5. The average (+/-SD) time from initial surgery to repair was 6.3+/-9.6 years. Intraoperative cholangiography was used to plan the repair in 18 patients (82%). Fifteen patients (68%) were repaired with high Hepp-Couinaud hepaticojejunostomies. The last 4 patients had the hilum exteriorized by the posterior approach to improve access. RESULTS There was 1 intraoperative complication (bleeding) and 4 postoperative complications (biloma, fistula, and 2 cholangitis). There were no deaths; mean (+/-SD) length of stay was 12.8+/-5.8 days; and mean (+/-SD) follow-up was 4.8+/-3.3 years (range, 1-10.7 years). Three patients were reoperated on, 1 with an obstructed Roux-en-Y limb and the 2 others for incisional hernias. Eighteen patients remain well, 3 had sporadic recurrent cholangitis after surgery that resolved spontaneously, and 1 patient remains unwell requiring antibiotics to control cholangitis. CONCLUSIONS Hepp-Couinaud hepaticojejunostomy without stenting remains a reliable repair of postcholecystectomy strictures. Intraoperative cholangiography and exteriorizing the hilum by the posterior approach are useful adjuncts to this technique.
Update on the roles of distal airways in COPD

This review is the summary of a workshop on the role of distal airways in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), which took place in 2009 in Vence, France. The evidence showing inflammation and remodelling in distal airways and the possible involvement of these in the pathobiology, physiology, clinical manifestations and natural history of COPD were examined. The usefulness and limitations of physiological tests and imaging techniques for assessing distal airways abnormalities were evaluated. Ex vivo studies in isolated lungs and invasive measurements of airway resistance in living individuals have revealed that distal airways represent the main site of airflow limitation in COPD. Structural changes in small conducting airways, including increased wall thickness and obstruction by muco-inflammatory exudates, and emphysema (resulting in premature airway closure), were important determinants of airflow limitation. Infiltration of small conducting airways by phagocytes (macrophages and neutrophils), dendritic cells and T and B lymphocytes increased with airflow limitation. Distal airways abnormalities were associated with patient-related outcomes (e.g. dyspnoea and reduced health-related quality of life) and with the natural history of the disease, as reflected by lung function decline and mortality. These data provide a clear rationale for targeting distal airways in COPD.
To Give or Not to Give: Factors Determining Alumni Intent to Make Donations as a PR Outcome

The study identifies several variables associated with the intent of journalism and mass communication alumni to financially support their department or program. The results are consistent with previous studies that show communication and involvement with alumni, satisfaction with the quality of their journalism education, and personal income contribute to the intent of alumni giving. The study suggests that successful fund raising requires a long-term investment of time and cultivating a positive relationship with individual alumni. Implications for alumni relations are discussed.