Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
An Examination of Diet for the Maintenance of Remission in Inflammatory Bowel Disease

Diet has been speculated to be a factor in the pathogenesis of inflammatory bowel disease and may be an important factor in managing disease symptoms. Patients manipulate their diet in attempt to control symptoms, often leading to the adoption of inappropriately restrictive diets, which places them at risk for nutritional complications. Health professionals struggle to provide evidence-based nutrition guidance to patients due to an overall lack of uniformity or clarity amongst research studies. Well-designed diet studies are urgently needed to create an enhanced understanding of the role diet plays in the management of inflammatory bowel disease. The aim of this review is to summarize the current data available on dietary management of inflammatory bowel disease and to demonstrate that dietary modulation may be an important consideration in managing disease. By addressing the relevance of diet in inflammatory bowel disease, health professionals are able to better support patients and collaborate with dietitians to improve nutrition therapy.
Gender Differences in Motor Skills of the Overarm Throw

In this cross-sectional study, the qualitative and quantitative throwing performance of male and female athletes (6 to 16 years of age) was analyzed. The goal of this study was to assess whether there were gender based qualitative and quantitative differences in throwing performance of young athletes, throughout three different age bands (childhood, pubescence, and adolescence). Furthermore, we explored whether all components of the throwing movement are equally affected by gender differences. Focus was placed on five essential components of action: trunk, forearm, humerus, stepping, and backswing. Therefore, children and adolescents (N = 96) were invited to throw three times from three different distances, while aiming at a target placed at shoulder height. The participants were aspiring athletes, competitive in the sport handball. For analyzing the quality of movement the component approach of Halverson and Roberton (1984) was used. The throwing accuracy was noted and used to evaluate the quantitative performance of the throwing movement. Throughout three different age bands, no statistically significant difference was found between genders in throwing accuracy, i.e., quantitative performance. Regarding the qualitative evaluation of the throwing movement, male and female athletes differed significantly. The component approach yielded higher scores for male than for female participants. As expected, with increasing age qualitative and quantitative performance of male and female athletes improved. These results suggest that there are gender-specific differences in qualitative throwing performance, but not necessarily in quantitative throwing performance. Exploration shows that differences in the qualitative throwing performance were seen in specific components of action. Male and female athletes demonstrated similar movement patterns in humerus and forearm actions, but differed in trunk, stepping, and backswing actions.
Fluorosed Mouse Ameloblasts Have Increased SATB1 Retention and Gαq Activity

Dental fluorosis is characterized by subsurface hypomineralization and increased porosity of enamel, associated with a delay in the removal of enamel matrix proteins. To investigate the effects of fluoride on ameloblasts, A/J mice were given 50 ppm sodium fluoride in drinking water for four weeks, resulting serum fluoride levels of 4.5 µM, a four-fold increase over control mice with no fluoride added to drinking water. MicroCT analyses showed delayed and incomplete mineralization of fluorosed incisor enamel as compared to control enamel. A microarray analysis of secretory and maturation stage ameloblasts microdissected from control and fluorosed mouse incisors showed that genes clustered with Mmp20 appeared to be less downregulated in maturation stage ameloblasts of fluorosed incisors as compared to control maturation ameloblasts. One of these Mmp20 co-regulated genes was the global chromatin organizer, special AT-rich sequence-binding protein-1 (SATB1). Immunohistochemical analysis showed increased SATB1 protein present in fluorosed ameloblasts compared to controls. In vitro, exposure of human ameloblast-lineage cells to micromolar levels of both NaF and AlF3 led to a significantly increase in SATB1 protein content, but not levels of Satb1 mRNA, suggesting a fluoride-induced mechanism protecting SABT1 from degradation. Consistent with this possibility, we used immunohistochemistry and Western blot to show that fluoride exposed ameloblasts had increased phosphorylated PKCα both in vivo and in vitro. This kinase is known to phosphorylate SATB1, and phosphorylation is known to protect SATB1 from degradation by caspase-6. In addition, production of cellular diacylglycerol (DAG) was significantly increased in fluorosed ameloblasts, suggesting that the increased phosphorylation of SATB1 may be related to an effect of fluoride to enhance Gαq activity of secretory ameloblasts.
Multiple behavior module synthesis based on selective groupings

In this paper, we present an approach to synthesize multiple behavior modules. Given n DFGs to be implemented the previous methods scheduled each of them sequentially, and implemented them as a single module. Though the method Is appropriate for sharing the functional units, it ignored the following two aspects: (1) different interconnection patterns among DFGs can increase the interconnection area and delay of the critical path, (2) the sequential scheduling of DFGs has a difficulty in considering the effects on the other DFGs not scheduled yet. We show an efficient way to solve the problems using a selective grouping method and the extensions of the traditional scheduling methods. The experimentation reveals that the result obtained by the proposed method is better to reduce interconnection area and to meet the timing constraints than those obtained by the previous methods.
A simplicial CNN visual processor in 3D SOI-CMOS

This paper presents the architecture for a SIMD digital visual processor unit (VPU) that is based on the simplicial CNN (S-CNN) algorithm. The system is designed for three dimensional CMOS integration in the three tier MITLL 3D SOI-CMOS 0.18 mum technology. The architecture includes input/output sub-systems, in the third tier, arithmetic logic units (ALU) and register files on the third and second tiers and instruction cache memory and a timing state machine on the first tier. The partition of the architecture exploits its physical realization in three dimensional CMOS. Parallel optical data input through an array of photodetectors and analog interface circuits in the third tier facilitate testing and characterization
Top-down control of sensory focus in bursty pyramidal cell populations

Through a series of original research articles, this thesis describes the role of neural network feedback in top-down control of bursty ON and OFF type electrosensory neurons while processing motion toward (looming) and away (receding) from the body. Neural codes for motion reversal in weakly electric fish are not simply evoked by bottom-up sensory input and amplified by feedback; instead, positive feedback loops must synthesize a directionally invariant representation of motion reversal that is distributed across both the ON and OFF pyramidal cell populations. Through balanced excitatory and inhibitory feedback, the system establishes an optimal distance for motion estimation (a sensory focus) that is maintained by the animal during a motion tracking behaviour. Remarkably, this sensory focus is size, direction and speed-invariant. The speed invariance likely derives from the speed invariance of the electrosensory afferent response, a consequence of timescale-free spike frequency adaptation. Since natural swimming movements are associated with tail-bending that cause spatially diffuse sensory noise, we demonstrate that spatially localized motion processing by the ON and OFF neurons co-occurs with cancellation of the distraction; this supports the circuit's role as a robust `sensory searchlight' mechanism for spatial attention. A simple algorithm for motion tracking is discussed, as well as potential generalizations of the described coding principles to more complex mammalian circuits.
DVFS Aware Techniques on Parallel Architecture Core (PAC) Platform

Rapid developments of multimedia and communication technologies enrich the applications of portable devices. However, design flexibility and low power are two important criteria for real-time system development. In this paper, a DVFS-aware implementation is introduced to demonstrate intelligent dynamic voltage and frequency scaling (DVFS) technique on dual-core PAC Platform. The power management of DVFS technique is verified with the H.264/AVC decoder example which can save 46% of power consumption.
Ratings versus equity-based credit risk modelling: an empirical analysis

Banks have recently developed new techniques for gauging the credit risk associated with portfolios of illiquid, defaultable instruments. These techniques could revolutionise banks' management of credit risk and could in the longer term serve as a more risk-sensitive basis for calculating regulatory capital on banks' loan books than the current 8% capital charge. In this paper, examples are implemented of the two main types of credit risk model developed so far: ratings-based and equity-based approaches. Using price data on large eurobond portfolios, the paper assesses, on an out-of-sample basis, how well these models track the risks they claim to measure.
Differential Operators for Edge Detection

We present several results characterizing two differential operators used for edge detection: the Laplacian and the second directional derivative along the gradient. In particular, * (a) we give conditions for coincidence of the zeros of the two operators, and * (b) we show that the second derivative along the gradient has the same zeros of the normal curvature in the gradient direction. Biological implications are also discussed. An experiment is suggested to test which of the two operators may be used by the human visual system. A.I. Laboratory Working Papers are produced for internal circulation, and may contain information that is, for example, too preliminary or too detailed for formal publication. It is not intended that they should be considered papers to which reference can be made in the literature.
Modelling Muscle Power Output in a Swimming Fish

Intact, electrically excitable fibre bundles were isolated from the fast and slow myotomal muscle of the bullrout ( Myoxocephalus scorpius L.). Power output was measured under conditions simulating their activity in a fish swimming at different speeds. Preparations were subjected to sinusoidal length changes of ±5% of resting length, and stimulated briefly during each cycle. The number and timing of stimuli were adjusted at each cycle frequency to maximise power output. Maximum power was produced at 5–7 Hz for fast fibres (25–35 W kg−1) and 2 Hz for slow fibres (5–8 Wkg−1). Under these conditions, pre-stretch of active muscle provides an important mechanism for storing potential energy for release during the shortening part of the cycle.
Integration of Multiple Fault-Tolerant techniques for FPGA-based NCS Nodes

Fault-Tolerance is quickly becoming a very important issue in the design of industrial automation systems. This paper addresses this issue in the context of temporary failures occurring in harsh industrial environments. The Fault-Tolerant design of sensors and controllers is investigated for both the In-Loop and Sensor-to-Actuator architectures. Processing is implemented on FPGAs whenever possible. Triple Modular Redundancy (TMR) is used to implement sensors for fast varying applications while Temporal Redundancy (TR) is used for sensors for slow varying applications in order to reduce cost without affecting system reliability. Dynamic Partial Reconfiguration (DPR) is used for fault recovery. Reliability models are developed for all Fault-Tolerant blocks to help system designers with the choice of the Fault-Tolerant techniques to be implemented. Two case studies are carried out with different numbers of fast and slow sensors. System reliabilities are calculated for both conventional and hybrid NCS systems. Results show that the proposed technique results in a cost-effective system at the expense of a very slight decrease in reliability.
Using QoS for High Throughput TCP Transport over Fat Long Pipes

A very practical network problem for the effective deployment of a transatlantic computational GRID which is the current under-utilisation of the newly available fat long pipes drives the following work towards the investigation of whether new TCP stacks can solve such issue. The paper proves the necessary use of IP-QOS and investigates the conditions under which IP-QOS and new/standard TCP stacks can coexist such that high utilisation as well as good stability and inter-class protection is achieved.
Identification of Average Effects Under Magnitude and Sign Restrictions on Confounding

This paper studies measuring various average effects of X on Y in general structural systems with unobserved confounders U, a potential instrument Z, and a proxy W for U. We do not require X or Z to be exogenous given the covariates or W to be a perfect one‐to‐one mapping of U. We study the identification of coefficients in linear structures as well as covariate‐conditioned average nonparametric discrete and marginal effects (e.g., average treatment effect on the treated), and local and marginal treatment effects. First, we characterize the bias, due to the omitted variables U, of (nonparametric) regression and instrumental variables estimands, thereby generalizing the classic linear regression omitted variable bias formula. We then study the identification of the average effects of X on Y when U may statistically depend on X and Z. These average effects are point identified if the average direct effect of U on Y is zero, in which case exogeneity holds, or if W is a perfect proxy, in which case the ratio (contrast) of the average direct effect of U on Y to the average effect of U on W is also identified. More generally, restricting how the average direct effect of U on Y compares in magnitude and/or sign to the average effect of U on W can partially identify the average effects of X on Y. These restrictions on confounding are weaker than requiring benchmark assumptions, such as exogeneity or a perfect proxy, and enable a sensitivity analysis. After discussing estimation and inference, we apply this framework to study earnings equations.
Bit-interleaved polar-coded modulation

A polar coding scheme for bit-interleaved coded modulation (BICM) is proposed. Code construction is performed by extending Arikan's heuristic to parallel channels. A lower-complexity and numerically robust implementation of list decoding with cyclic redundancy check is adopted. The performance of the design methods used for the construction of proposed bit-interleaved polar coded modulation (BIPCM) system is evaluated over 16-ary quadrature-amplitude modulation with different mapping schemes. It is shown that the proposed BIPCM architecture provides significant performance advantages over the BICM schemes implemented with other well-known codes for moderate block lengths.
Measuring Short- and Long-run Promotional Effectiveness on Scanner Data Using Persistence Modeling

The use of price promotions to stimulate brand and firm performance is increasing. We discuss how (i) the availability of longer scanner data time series, and (ii) persistence modeling, have lead to greater insights into the dynamic effects of price promotions, as one can now quantify their immediate, short-run, and long-run effectiveness. We review recent methodological developments, and illustrate how the analysis of numerous brands and product categories has resulted in various empirical generalizations. Finally, we argue that persistence modeling should not only be applied to traditional performance metrics such as sales, but also to metrics such as firm value and customer equity.
On Stacking Probabilistic Temporal Models with Bidirectional Information Flow

We discuss hierarchical combinations of probabilistic models where the upper layer is crafted for predicting time-series data. The combination of models makes the naı̈ve Bayes assumption, stating that the latent variables of the models are independent given the time-indexed label variables. In this setting an additional independence assumption between time steps and mildly inconsistent results are often accepted to make inference computationally feasible. We discuss how the application of approximate inference to the practically intractable joint model instead, shifts the need for these simplifications from model design time to inference time, and the application of loopy belief propagation to the joint model realizes bidirectional communication between models during inference. A first empirical evaluation of the proposed architecture on an activity recognition task demonstrates the benefits of the layered architecture and examines the effects of bidirectional information flow.
Design of FIR Filter Based on Adaptive Gridding Partition Ant Colony Optimization

To approximate the response of the ideal filter with a finite impulse response sequence is the purpose of designing FIR filter. In frequency sampling FIR filter designing, finding the optimal sampling value in transitional-band can effectively reduce the approximation errors. Sampling value found by Genetic Algorithms(GA) reduce the errors in a certain degree. But for the limit of binary coding, the precision of sampling value could be improved by solving in continuous domain. In this paper, we suggest a novel method Adaptive Gridding Partition Ant Colony Optimization(AGPACO) to find the optimal value in transition-band. The frequency sampling FIR filter designed by AGPACO and GA are simulated respectively. The result shows FIR filters designed by AGPACO have higher minimum stop-band attenuation than FIR filters designed by GA. Keywords-ACO;Gridding Partition;frequency sampling FIR; global optimization
FlashQueryFile: Flash-Optimized Layout and Algorithms for Interactive Ad Hoc SQL on Big Data

High performance storage layer is vital for allowing interactive ad hoc SQL analytics (OLAP style) over Big Data. The paper makes a case for leveraging flash in the Big Data stack to speed up queries. State-of-the-art Big Data layouts and algorithms are optimized for hard disks (i.e., sequential access is emphasized over random access) and result in suboptimal performance on flash given its drastically different performance characteristics. While existing columnar and row-columnar layouts are able to reduce disk IO compared to row-based layouts, they still end up reading significant columnar data irrelevant to the query as they only employ coarse-grained, intra-columnar data skipping which doesn't work across all queries. FlashQueryFile's specialized columnar data layouts, selection, and projection algorithms fully exploit fast random accesses and high internal I/O parallelism of flash to allow fast and I/O-efficient query processing and fine-grained, intra-columnar data skipping to minimize data read per query. FlashQueryFile results in 11X-100X TPC-H query speedup and 38%-99.08% reduction in data read compared to flash-based HDD-optimized row-columnar data layout and its associated algorithms.
Prefetching Without Hints: A Cost-Benefit Analysis for Predicted Accesses

Prefetching disk blocks to main memory will become increasingly important to overcome the widening gap between disk access times and processor speeds. We present a prefetching scheme that chooses which blocks to prefetch based on their probability of access and decides whether to prefetch a particular block at a given time using a cost-beneet analysis. To calculate the probability of access of prefetch candidates, we construct a prefetch tree that records past access patterns. For the cost-beneet analysis, we derive equations for the beneet of prefetching an additional block and the cost of allocating a buuer to the prefetch. We use a trace-driven simulator to evaluate the performance of our prefetching scheme. For an eecient implementation of the prediction algorithm, we limit the size of the prefetch tree. We show that our prefetching scheme lowers overall cache miss rates by up to 32% compared to a system that performs no prefetching. Coupled with the one block lookahead prefetching, this scheme improves overall cache miss rates by up to 52% over a scheme that performs no prefetching and by up to 27% over an aggressive one block lookahead prefetching scheme for small cache sizes. However, the frequency and eeectiveness of prefetching decrease as cache size grows.
Ju n 20 03 Extra heads and invariant allocations

Let Π be an ergodic simple point process on Rd, and let Π be its Palm version. Thorisson [11] proved that there exists a shift coupling of Π and Π; that is, one can select a (random) point Y of Π such that translating Π by −Y yields a configuration whose law is that of Π. We construct shift couplings in which Y and Π are functions of Π, and prove that there is no shift coupling in which Π is a function of Π. The key ingredient is a deterministic translation-invariant rule to allocate sets of equal area (forming a plane partition) to the points of Π. The construction is based on the Gale-Shapley stable marriage algorithm [2]. Next, let Γ be an ergodic random element of {0, 1} d , and let Γ be Γ conditioned on Γ(0) = 1. A shift coupling X of Γ and Γ is called an extra head scheme. We show that there exists an extra head scheme which is a function of Γ if and only if the marginal E[Γ0] is the reciprocal of an integer. When the law of Γ is product measure and d ≥ 3, we prove that there exists an extra head scheme X satisfying E exp c‖X‖d < ∞; this answers a question of Holroyd and Liggett [4]. Department of Mathematics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z2, Canada. holroyd@math.ubc. ca. Research funded in part by NSF Grants DMS– 0072398 and CCR–0121555 and by the Center for Pure and Applied Mathematics at UC Berkeley. Departments of Statistics and Mathematics, UC Berkeley, CA 94720, USA. peres@stat.berkeley. edu. Research funded in part by NSF Grants DMS-0104073 and CCR–0121555, and a Miller Professorship at UC Berkeley.
Traditional and innovated gambling products: an exploration of player preferences

Abstract There is concern that recent innovations of traditional face-to-face gambling products may lead to increased harm because of the tendency for innovated products to share certain structural features with electronic gaming machines (EGMs). The VICES framework focusses on several mechanisms known to influence gambling behaviour: visual and auditory enhancements, illusions of control, cognitive complexity, expedited play and social customization. The current study applied the VICES framework to an investigation of player experiences with both traditional and innovated gambling products. Through a series of six focus groups (N = 40) with regular bingo, poker and casino table game players and sports bettors, we examined the characteristics of innovated gambling products and their influences on player experience and the risk of gambling harm. Findings suggest that traditional games are perceived as more social, more enjoyable and less harmful. This was largely attributed to the low social interaction, expedited play and increased potential for consumption that is associated with EGM-type gambling activity. Further, we suggest that VICES, pending some revision, is a valid and applicable framework by which to identify characteristics of innovated products that influence player experience and behaviour.