Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Mesh-based data delivery over multiple tree-shaped routes in P2P overlay network

In this paper, we introduce a new mesh-based approach for data delivery which is organized over multiple tree-shaped core routes. Given that both tree and mesh approaches have their own strong points, we simply combine them together. We evaluate the proposal through ns-2 simulator. The simulation results demonstrate that our approach can provide higher average received quality and has acceptable data delivery delay when compared with a single tree method. We also show that, over a static overlay, the push-based data delivery on mesh can provide the received quality close to pull-based data delivery method with less latency. As well, it has lower control overhead than the pull-based method when the peer number is large.
Introduction to a philosophy of music

Preface 1. Philosophy of. 2. A Little History 3. Emotions in the Music 4. A Little More History 5. Formalism 6. Enhanced Formalism 7. The Emotions in You 8. Foes of Formalism 9. First the Words: Then the Music 10. Words without Songs 11. The Work 12. And the Performace Thereof 13. Why Should you Listen? Readings and References, Index
A comparison of the influence of breast-feeding and bottle-feeding on the fatty acid composition of the erythrocytes

The proportion of long-chain polyunsaturated derivatives of linoleic and linolenic acids in the erythrocyte lipids of infants fed a cow's milk formula was lower than in breast-fed infants. Although the formula provided only 0.55% of the total energy as linoleic acid, essential fatty acid deficiency was not detected; the triene:tetraene ratio was 0.09.
Coronary vascular hyperpermeability and angiotensin II.

Elevations in plasma angiotensin II (AngII) are associated with evidence of vascular hyperpermeability expressed as efflux of plasma macromolecules into the perivascular and interstitial space. This exudative response is followed by a series of fibrogenic events that lead to a perivascular fibrosis of involved vessels. Mediators of hyperpermeability and fibrogenesis are unknown. In dogs receiving intravenous AngII, hemodynamic factors (i.e., arterial hypertension or coronary venoconstriction) were discounted as being responsible for the rise in cardiac lymph-to-plasma protein ratio. Accordingly, we investigated the relationship between AngII-induced coronary hyperpermeability and the release of prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) and activation of the basement membrane degrading matrix metalloproteinase, gelatinase/type IV collagenase. In dogs, cardiac lymph was monitored over the course of a 90-minute intravenous infusion of either AngII (0.2 to 0.3 micrograms/kg/min; n = 8) or saline solution (n = 6). Lymph was examined at 30-minute intervals for the following: total protein (Lowry's method), albumin (sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE)), plasma fibronectin (SDS-PAGE and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay); PGE2 (radioimmunoassay) and gelatinase/type IV collagenase (zymography). In comparison with baseline we found a consistent rise in lymph flow (p = 0.02), total protein (p = 0.02), albumin, fibronectin, PGE2 (p = 0.03), and gelatinase/type IV collagenase (p = 0.019), which began after 30 minutes of AngII infusion. Similar trends were not observed in dogs receiving saline solution alone. We therefore conclude that AngII-induced coronary vascular hyperpermeability is associated with an early release of PGE2 and gelatinase.
Digital-Political Fantasies in Istanbul : An analysis of the perceived role of ICT in changing institutional politics, activism, and identity

This research analyses how different groups of people perceive the role of new information and communication technologies (ICT) in social change, and how they make sense out of these claimed changes in society. There are claims for social change in many areas. This research frames its analysis in three areas of social change namely the local-global relation; politics and the political, and ICT. The study first looks at the theoretical discussions on how different perspectives conceptualize social change in these areas. The theoretical framework then looks at the three dimensions that emerge from the interaction of these three areas; institutional politics, activism, and identity. There are different frameworks for making sense of social change. Lacanian fantasy is one that allows deeper analysis of perceptions and fluidity between the various perceptions. As all fantasies are frustrated, the concept also allows a critical analysis. The theoretical framework finally also looks at what fantasies the theoretical discussions create, regarding social change in the above three areas and dimensions. At the empirical level, the research focuses on the perceptions of the role of ICT in the changing institutional politics, activism, and identity in Istanbul from the localglobal relation, politics and the political, and ICT perspectives. The research then discusses what fantasies come out of these perceptions. The research uses the grounded theory methodology. This is a methodology that allows researchers to discover new concepts that are not initially included in the theoretical framework so that they can extend and develop their theoretical frameworks. Once researchers find a new concept, they first need to theorize it by going back to the theoretical level, and analyse the empirical data deeper after that theorization. Fantasy is the new concept that was grounded in the empirical data of this research. That is how the concept was first theorized and used for the deeper analysis of the empirical data. The study collected the empirical data from 57 in-depth interviews with institutional politicians, activists, and ordinary citizens that each primarily fed one dimension of the study. The research also used secondary data for the chapter of the contextual background on Istanbul and Turkey. The results of the analysis suggest that all three groups in Istanbul create fantasies in their perception of the role of ICT in social change. The research concludes that institutional politicians, activists, and ordinary citizens all create fantasies of political power, technological power, and harmony. The research also concludes that among the different groups there are variations and contradictions in the fantasies that all are frustrated by several local challenges, especially the political culture.
Using Coherence Information and Decay Techniques to Optimize L2 Cache Leakage in CMPs

This paper evaluates several techniques to save leakage in CMP L2 caches by selectively switching off the less used lines. We primarily focus on private snoopy L2 caches. In this case, coherence must be enforced in all situations and specially when a line is turned off to save power. In particular, we introduce three techniques: the first one turns off the cache lines by using the coherence protocol invalidations, the second one is an implementation of a cache decay technique specific for coherent caches, the third one is a performance-optimized decay-based technique for coherent caches. Experimental results, carried out by using accurate performance/thermal/energy models, show that appreciable power savings can be achieved by properly designing a leakage optimization technique. We target a CMP composed of 4 cores and 1 to 8 MB of total cache. For 4MB, the proposed techniques show a 13%, 30%, and 21% energy reduction, respectively, at the cost of 0%, 8%, and 2% performance loss. For other cache sizes the behavior is qualitatively similar.
The EBI Search engine: providing search and retrieval functionality for biological data from EMBL-EBI

The European Bioinformatics Institute (EMBL-EBI—https://www.ebi.ac.uk) provides free and unrestricted access to data across all major areas of biology and biomedicine. Searching and extracting knowledge across these domains requires a fast and scalable solution that addresses the requirements of domain experts as well as casual users. We present the EBI Search engine, referred to here as ‘EBI Search’, an easy-to-use fast text search and indexing system with powerful data navigation and retrieval capabilities. API integration provides access to analytical tools, allowing users to further investigate the results of their search. The interconnectivity that exists between data resources at EMBL-EBI provides easy, quick and precise navigation and a better understanding of the relationship between different data types including sequences, genes, gene products, proteins, protein domains, protein families, enzymes and macromolecular structures, together with relevant life science literature.
Spin effects in the inspiral of coalescing compact binaries.

We derive the contributions of spin-orbit and spin-spin coupling to the gravitational radiation from coalescing binary systems of spinning compact objects. We calculate spin effects in the symmetric, trace-free radiative multipoles that determine the gravitational wave form, and the rate of energy loss. Assuming a balance between energy radiated and orbital energy lost, we determine the spin effects in the evolution of the orbital frequency and orbital radius. Assuming that a laser interferometric gravitational observatory can track the gravitational-wave frequency (twice the orbital frequency) as it sweeps through its sensitive bandwidth between about 10 Hz and 1 kHz, we estimate the accuracy with which the spins of the component bodies can be determined from the gravitational-wave signal
Sequential nonlinear manifold learning

The computation of compact and meaningful representations of high dimensional sensor data has recently been addressed through the development of Nonlinear Dimensional Reduction (NLDR) algorithms. The numerical implementation of spectral NLDR techniques typically leads to a symmetric eigenvalue problem that is solved by traditional batch eigensolution algorithms. The application of such algorithms in real-time systems necessitates the development of sequential algorithms that perform feature extraction online. This paper presents an efficient online NLDR scheme, Sequential-Isomap, based on incremental singular value decomposition (SVD) and the Isomap method. Example simulations demonstrate the validity and significant potential of this technique in real-time applications such as autonomous systems.
Pathogenic Leptospira Secreted Proteases Target the Membrane Attack Complex: A Potential Role for Thermolysin in Complement Inhibition

Leptospirosis is a zoonosis caused by spirochetes from the genus Leptospira. This disease is common in tropical and subtropical areas, constituting a serious public health problem. Pathogenic Leptospira have the ability to escape the human Complement System, being able to survive when in contact with normal human serum. In a previous study, our group demonstrated that supernatants of pathogenic Leptospira (SPL) inhibit the three activation pathways of the Complement System. This inhibition can be directly correlated with the activity of secreted proteases, which cleave the Complement molecules C3, Factor B (Alternative Pathway), C4 and C2 (Classical and Lectin Pathways). In this work, we analyze the activity of the leptospiral proteases on the components of Terminal Pathway of Complement, called the membrane attack complex (MAC). We observed that proteases present in SPL from different Leptospira strains were able to cleave the purified proteins C5, C6, C7, C8, and C9, while culture supernatant from non-pathogenic Leptospira strains (SNPL) had no significant proteolytic activity on these substrates. The cleavages occurred in a time-dependent and specificity manner. No cleavage was observed when we used whole serum as a source of C5–C9 proteins, probably because of the abundant presence of plasma protease inhibitors such as α2-macroglobulin. Complement protein cleavage by SPL was inhibited by 1,10-phenanthroline, indicating the involvement of metalloproteases. Furthermore, 1,10-phenanthroline- treated normal human serum diminished pathogenic leptospira survival. We also analyzed the proteolytic activity of thermolysin (LIC13322) a metalloprotease expressed exclusively by pathogenic Leptospira strains. Recombinant thermolysin was capable of cleaving the component C6, either purified or as part of the SC5b-9 complex. Furthermore, we found that the MAC proteins C6–C9 interact with thermolysin, indicating that this metalloprotease may have an additional inhibitory effect on these molecules by direct interactions. Finally, a functional assay demonstrated that thermolysin was able to inhibit MAC-dependent erythrocytes lysis. We conclude that proteases secreted exclusively by pathogenic Leptospira strains are capable of degrading several Complement effector molecules, representing potential targets for the development of new therapies and prophylactic approaches in leptospirosis.
Neuroscience du consommateur: ruptureparadigmatique ?

The evolution of marketing concepts under the influence of the psychologicalthought is a constant in the discipline history. The development of cognitive science, andmore specifically of the neurosciences, allow us today to advocate a consumer neuroscience.The author presents here the expected developments of the discipline and its contiguousethical reflections.
On the Application of the Describing Function Technique to the Bifurcation Analysis of Nonlinear Systems

Spectral techniques, like harmonic balance, are classical numerical tools for designing nonlinear oscillators and microwave circuits. Recently these techniques have been exploited for investigating complex dynamics in nonlinear systems. In this manuscript we firstly show that limit cycle Floquet's multipliers and the related bifurcation phenomena can be estimated through a spectral approach, entirely based on the describing function technique. Then we consider some significant case studies, and we show that our method yields more accurate results than the other describing function-based approaches proposed in the literature
Controlling the Distortions Distribution in a Wavelet Packet-Based ECG Compression

The paper presents a new approach to the ECG compression algorithms. The idea of non-equal density of medical information in the electrocardiogram yields the new design guidelines for a compression system. The distortions of reconstructed signal, considered as unavoidable result of data reduction in other traditional systems, are now subject to control. The temporal distribution of distortions, within the confines of a heart evolution, may be designed as signal-feature dependant, application-dependant or even controlled by the doctor. Being similar in technical aspect, the resulting compression algorithms differ in favoring a particular zone in the signal accordingly to the physiological expectations. The compression ratio, the usual key feature for assessment of the compression efficiency, gives priority to the signal quality that is indisputably essential for electrodiagnostic applications. Controlling the distortions temporal distribution is achieved in time-frequency domain by means of a “function of interest” containing information on the local diagnostic importance of the ECG. A wavelet packet-based compression algorithm is also proposed and tested in the paper.
Probability-Based Parameter Selection for Black-Box Fuzz Testing

Abstract : Dynamic, randomized-input functional testing, or black-box fuzz testing, is an effective technique for finding security vulnerabilities in software applications. Parameters for an invocation of black-box fuzz testing generally include known-good input to use as a basis for randomization (i.e., a seed file) and a specification of how much of the seed file to randomize (i.e., the range). This report describes an algorithm that applies basic statistical theory to the parameter selection problem and automates selection of seed files and ranges. This algorithm was implemented in an open-source, file-interface testing tool and was used to find and mitigate vulnerabilities in several software applications. This report generalizes the parameter selection problem, explains the algorithm, and analyzes empirical data collected from the implementation. Results of using the algorithm show a marked improvement in the efficiency of discovering unique application errors over basic parameter selection techniques.
Designing natural gesture interaction for archaeological data in immersive environments

Archaeological data are heterogeneous, making it difficult to correlate and combine different types. Datasheets and pictures, stratigraphic data and 3D models, time and space mixed together: these are only a few of the categories a researcher has to deal with. New technologies may be able to help in this process and trying to solve research related problems needs innovative solutions. In this paper, we describe the whole process for the design and development of a prototype application that uses an Immersive Virtual Reality system to acces archaeological excavation3Ddata through the Gesture Variation Follower (GVF) algorithm. This makes it possible to recognise which gesture is being performed and how it is performed. Archaeologist shave participated actively in the design of the interface and the set of gestures used for triggering the different tasks. Interactive machine learning techniques have been used for the real time detection of the gestures. As a case study the agora of Segesta (Sicily, Italy) has been selected. Indeed, due to the complex architectural features and the still ongoing fieldwork activities, Segesta represents an ideal context where to test and develop a research approach integrating both traditional and more innovative tools and methods.
Lymphocyte Cc Chemokine Receptor 9 and Epithelial Thymus-Expressed Chemokine (Teck) Expression Distinguish the Small Intestinal Immune Compartment

The immune system has evolved specialized cellular and molecular mechanisms for targeting and regulating immune responses at epithelial surfaces. Here we show that small intestinal intraepithelial lymphocytes and lamina propria lymphocytes migrate to thymus-expressed chemokine (TECK). This attraction is mediated by CC chemokine receptor (CCR)9, a chemoattractant receptor expressed at high levels by essentially all CD4+ and CD8+ T lymphocytes in the small intestine. Only a small subset of lymphocytes in the colon are CCR9+, and lymphocytes from other tissues including tonsils, lung, inflamed liver, normal or inflamed skin, inflamed synovium and synovial fluid, breast milk, and seminal fluid are universally CCR9−. TECK expression is also restricted to the small intestine: immunohistochemistry reveals that intense anti-TECK reactivity characterizes crypt epithelium in the jejunum and ileum, but not in other epithelia of the digestive tract (including stomach and colon), skin, lung, or salivary gland. These results imply a restricted role for lymphocyte CCR9 and its ligand TECK in the small intestine, and provide the first evidence for distinctive mechanisms of lymphocyte recruitment that may permit functional specialization of immune responses in different segments of the gastrointestinal tract. Selective expression of chemokines by differentiated epithelium may represent an important mechanism for targeting and specialization of immune responses.
How to diagnose axial spondyloarthritis early

Background: Chronic low back pain (LBP), the leading symptom of ankylosing spondylitis (AS) and undifferentiated axial spondyloarthritis (SpA), precedes the development of radiographic sacroiliitis, sometimes by many years. Objective: To assign disease probabilities and to develop an algorithm to help in the early diagnosis of axial SpA. Methods: Axial SpA comprises AS and undifferentiated SpA with predominant axial involvement. Clinical features include inflammatory back pain (IBP), alternating buttock pain, enthesitis, arthritis, dactylitis, acute anterior uveitis, a positive family history, psoriasis, inflammatory bowel disease, and good response to NSAIDs. Associated laboratory findings include raised acute phase reactions, HLA-B27 association, and abnormalities on skeletal imaging. Sensitivities, specificities, and likelihood ratios (LRs) of these parameters were determined from published studies. A 5% prevalence of axial SpA among patients with chronic LBP was used. The probability of the presence of axial SpA, depending on the presence or absence of the above clinical features of SpA, was determined. A probability of ⩾90% was used to make a diagnosis of axial SpA. Results: The presence of inflammatory back pain features increased the probability of axial SpA from the background 5% prevalence to 14%. The presence of 2–3 SpA features was necessary to increase the probability of axial SpA to 90%. The highest LRs were obtained for HLA-B27 and MRI. Diagnostic algorithms to be used in daily practice were suggested. Conclusions: This approach can help clinicians to diagnose with a high degree of confidence axial SpA at an early stage in patients with IBP who lack radiographic sacroiliitis.
Developmentally regulated expression of a human "finger"-containing gene encoded by the 5' half of the ret transforming gene

We isolated and sequenced a cDNA clone of the human gene encoded by the 5' half of the ret transforming gene. The nucleotide sequence indicates that it encodes a protein with "finger" structures which represent putative metal- and nucleic acid-binding domains. Transcription of this gene was detected at high levels in a variety of human and rodent tumor cell lines, mouse testis, and embryos. In addition, a unique transcript was observed in testis RNA. When the expression of the unique transcript was examined at different stages of spermatogenesis, a striking increase in mRNA levels accompanied progression from meiotic prophase pachytene spermatocytes to postmeiotic round spermatids. This finger-containing gene may thus function in male germ cell development.
Evidence for the Endowment Effect in Older Adults

Kristen Bernal* Department of Psychology * Faculty Advisor: Joseph Mikels, Department of Psychology Author contact: kbernal488@gmail.com 1 Bernal: Evidence for the Endowment Effect in Older Adults Published by Via Sapientiae, 2013 — 275 — AFFECT AND THE ENDOWMENT EFFECT One factor that influences the endowment effect is emotion (Nayakankuppam & Mishra 2005). Not only does the value of the item differ for buyers and sellers, but the way in which the person evaluates the item affectively is different as well (Carmon & Ariely, 2000). Sellers tend to focus on the positive features and the sentimental meaning associated with the item, while disregarding the negative features. Buyers on the other hand tend to evaluate the item based on its negative features, using them to determine the item’s worth. So although both the buyer and seller are referring to the same item, it is not perceived similarly, and the prices assigned vary depending on the attention paid to either positive or negative features (Carmon & Ariely, 2000). In the current project, it is expected that the seller will be more likely to place higher value on a pen than the buyer due to ownership and the tendency to avoid loss. Also, it is expected that the seller will focus more on the positive qualities, increasing the value of the pen, while the buyer will focus more on negative qualities, decreasing the value of the pen. The fundamental point of the relationship between affect and the endowment effect is that the value of the object is strongly influenced by ownership. AGING, THE ENDOWMENT EFFECT, AND THE