Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Ensemble online sequential extreme learning machine for large data set classification

Online sequential extreme learning machine (OS-ELM) proposed by Liang et al. employ sequential learning strategy to learn the target concept from the data. Compared with the original ELM, OS-ELM can learn data one-by-one or chunk-by-chunk with fixed or varying chunk size with almost same performance as ELM. While compared with other state-of-the-art sequential algorithms such as SGBP, RAN and GAP-RBF, OS-ELM has faster learning speed and better generalization ability. However, similar to ELM, OS-ELM also has instability in different trials of simulations. In addition, for large data sets, OS-ELM will not halt when there are training samples not be learned, this phenomenon results in long learning time. In order to deal with the problems, this paper proposes an algorithm named E-OS-ELM for integrating OS-ELM to classify large data sets. The experimental results show that the proposed method is effective and efficient; it can effectively overcome the drawbacks mentioned above.
Causes of Secondary Radial Nerve Palsy and Results of Treatment

Background The aim of this study was to analyze the causes that lead to secondary damage of the radial nerve and to discuss the results of reconstructive treatment. Material/Methods The study group consisted of 33 patients treated for radial nerve palsy after humeral fractures. Patients were diagnosed based on clinical examinations, ultrasonography, electromyography, or nerve conduction velocity. During each operation, the location and type of nerve damage were analyzed. During the reconstructive treatment, neurolysis, direct neurorrhaphy, or reconstruction with a sural nerve graft was used. The outcomes were evaluated using the Medical Research Council (MRC) scales and the quick DASH score. Results Secondary radial nerve palsy occurs after open reduction and internal fixation (ORIF) by plate, as well as by closed reduction and internal fixation (CRIF) by nail. In the case of ORIF, it most often occurs when the lateral approach is used, as in the case of CRIF with an insertion interlocking screws. The results of the surgical treatment were statistically significant and depended on the time between nerve injury and revision (reconstruction) surgery, type of damage to the radial nerve, surgery treatment, and type of fixation. Treatment results were not statistically significant, depending on the type of fracture or location of the nerve injury. Conclusions The potential risk of radial nerve neurotmesis justifies an operative intervention to treat neurological complications after a humeral fracture. Adequate surgical treatment in many of these cases allows for functional recovery of the radial nerve.
Food consumption, nutrient intake, and dietary patterns in Ghanaian migrants in Europe and their compatriots in Ghana

ABSTRACT Background: West African immigrants in Europe are disproportionally affected by metabolic conditions compared to European host populations. Nutrition transition through urbanisation and migration may contribute to this observations, but remains to be characterised. Objective: We aimed to describe the dietary behaviour and its socio-demographic factors among Ghanaian migrants in Europe and their compatriots living different Ghanaian settings. Methods: The multi-centre, cross-sectional RODAM (Research on Obesity and Diabetes among African Migrants) study was conducted among Ghanaian adults in rural and urban Ghana, and Europe. Dietary patterns were identified by principal component analysis. Results: Contributions of macronutrient to the daily energy intake was different across the three study sites. Three dietary patterns were identified. Adherence to the ‘mixed’ pattern was associated with female sex, higher education, and European residency. The ‘rice, pasta, meat, and fish’ pattern was associated with male sex, younger age, higher education, and urban Ghanaian environment. Adherence to the ‘roots, tubers, and plantain’ pattern was mainly related to rural Ghanaian residency. Conclusion: We observed differences in food preferences across study sites: in rural Ghana, diet concentrated on starchy foods; in urban Ghana, nutrition was dominated by animal-based products; and in Europe, diet appeared to be highly diverse.
Oil Accumulation by the Oleaginous Diatom Fistulifera solaris as Revealed by the Genome and Transcriptome

F. solaris has an allodiploid genome structure, and activation of lipid accumulation and degradation metabolism pathways at the same time might underlie its simultaneous growth and oil accumulation. Oleaginous photosynthetic organisms such as microalgae are promising sources for biofuel production through the generation of carbon-neutral sustainable energy. However, the metabolic mechanisms driving high-rate lipid production in these oleaginous organisms remain unclear, thus impeding efforts to improve productivity through genetic modifications. We analyzed the genome and transcriptome of the oleaginous diatom Fistulifera solaris JPCC DA0580. Next-generation sequencing technology provided evidence of an allodiploid genome structure, suggesting unorthodox molecular evolutionary and genetic regulatory systems for reinforcing metabolic efficiencies. Although major metabolic pathways were shared with nonoleaginous diatoms, transcriptome analysis revealed unique expression patterns, such as concomitant upregulation of fatty acid/triacylglycerol biosynthesis and fatty acid degradation (β-oxidation) in concert with ATP production. This peculiar pattern of gene expression may account for the simultaneous growth and oil accumulation phenotype and may inspire novel biofuel production technology based on this oleaginous microalga.
Planck 2013 Results. Xiii. Galactic Co Emission

Rotational transition lines of CO play a major role in molecular radio astronomy and in particular in the study of star formation and the Galactic structure. Although a wealth of data exists in the Galactic plane and some well-known molecular clouds, there is no available CO high sensitivity all-sky survey to date. Such all-sky surveys can be constructed using the Planck HFI data because the three lowest CO rotational transition lines at 115, 230 and 345 GHz significantly contribute to the signal of the 100, 217 and 353 GHz HFI channels respectively. Two different component separation methods are used to extract the CO maps from Planck HFI data. The maps obtained are then compared to one another and to existing external CO surveys. From these quality checks the best CO maps in terms of signal to noise and/or residual foreground contamination are selected. Three sets of velocity-integrated CO emission maps are produced: type 1 maps of the CO J=1→0, J=2→1, and J=3→2 rotational transitions with low foreground contamination but moderate signal-to-noise ratio; type 2 maps for the J=1→0 and J=2→1 transitions with a better signal-to-noise ratio; and one type 3 map, a line composite map with the best signal-to-noise ratio in order to locate the faintest molecular regions. The maps are described in detail. They are shown to be fully compatible with previous surveys of parts of the Galactic Plane and also of fainter regions out of the Galactic plane. The Planck HFI velocity-integrated CO maps for the J=1→0, J=2→1, and J=3→2 rotational transitions provide an unprecedented all-sky CO view of the Galaxy. These maps are also of great interest to monitor potential CO contamination on CMB Planck studies.
Political Cleavages within Industry: Firm-level Lobbying for Trade Liberalization

Existing political economy models explain the politics of trade policy using inter-industry differences. However, this article finds that much of the variation in U.S. applied tariff rates in fact arises within industry. I offer a theory of trade liberalization that explains how product differentiation in economic markets leads to firm-level lobbying in political markets. High levels of product differentiation eliminates the collective action problem faced by exporting firms while import-competing firms need not fear product substitution. To test this argument, I construct a new dataset on lobbying by all publicly traded manufacturing firms from reports filed under the Lobbying Disclosure Act of 1995. I find that productive exporting firms are more likely to lobby to reduce tariffs, especially when their products are sufficiently differentiated. I also find that highly differentiated products have lower tariff rates. The results challenge the common focus on industry-level lobbying for protection.
Semantically Reliable Multicast: Definition, Implementation, and Performance Evaluation

Semantic reliability is a novel correctness criterion for multicast protocols based on the concept of message obsolescence: A message becomes obsolete when its content or purpose is superseded by a subsequent message. By exploiting obsolescence, a reliable multicast protocol may drop irrelevant messages to find additional buffer space for new messages. This makes the multicast protocol more resilient to transient performance perturbations of group members, thus improving throughput stability. This paper describes our experience in developing a suite of semantically reliable protocols. It summarizes the motivation, definition, and algorithmic issues and presents performance figures obtained with a running implementation. The data obtained experimentally is compared with analytic and simulation models. This comparison allows us to confirm the validity of these models and the usefulness of the approach. Finally, the paper reports the application of our prototype to distributed multiplayer games.
Reduces Unwanted Attribute in Intruder File Based on Feature Selection and Feature Reduction Using ID 3 Algorithm

Reduction and selection of intruder attribute in intrusion detection system play an important role in process of detection. The huge number of attribute in intruder introduces a problem in detection process and increase more time in decision making process. Previous researchers used some standard techniques for feature reduction such as Principle component analysis (PCA),Pulse coupled neural network (PCNN) , but these methods are not consider some fixed no of feature at time of processing features from dataset. In this paper proposed a feature selection and feature reduction method based on improved Interactive Dichotomiser 3 (ID3) algorithm. The proposed algorithm select multiple feature for reduction and the reduce feature set participant the process of detection. For the process of performance evaluation used KDDCUP99 dataset and simulate in MATLAB software achieved 96.67% detection rate.
Wafer bonding with intermediate Parylene layer

In this paper, wafer bonding using Parylene as the adhesive layer is investigated. The experiments are carried out under various conditions in two approaches: Parylene-to-Parylene and Parylene-to-Silicon. By heating at 230°C and applying a bonding force in vacuum environment, both Parylene-Parylene and Parylene-Silicon are successfully bonded. The bonding quality is characterized by the joint area and the bonding strength. The results show that there is no significant difference on the bonding qualities between the two bonding approaches. Process parameters, such as film thickness, bonding force, are evaluated. The maximum bonding strength is 2.38 MPa, which is adequate for certain applications.
Places on the Net

In this paper we aim to build an understanding on how the concept of place is encoded in the design of online communities. Current activities in such communities suggest that users appropriate virtual space through (self)-representation. In general, the investment with meaning of space is likely to define places on top of it. So we are interested to find out whether places emerge in cyberspace. Brief analyses of existent online communities show that the understandings of space and place vary from one community to another, which relates to their capability to connect with the local place-based communities. Searching for a theoretical framework that would explain these observations, we explore first how different constructs of place associate in theory with various views on the nature of space. Second, we are interested to find out how users perceive cyberspace, by questioning whether an analogue to Lynch’s taxonomy of images and the use of cognitive maps are meaningful in this context. We wish to use this information in future design of hybrid online communities, in order to bridge the virtual with the physical space for social activities.
The Critical Transmitting Range for Connectivity in Sparse Wireless Ad Hoc Networks

We analyze the critical transmitting range for connectivity in wireless ad hoc networks. More specifically, we consider the following problem: assume n nodes, each capable of communicating with nodes within a radius of r, are randomly and uniformly distributed in a d-dimensional region with a side of length l; how large must the transmitting range r be to ensure that the resulting network is connected with high probability? First, we consider this problem for stationary networks, and we provide tight upper and lower bounds on the critical transmitting range for one-dimensional networks and nontight bounds for two and three-dimensional networks. Due to the presence of the geometric parameter l in the model, our results can be applied to dense as well as sparse ad hoc networks, contrary to existing theoretical results that apply only to dense networks. We also investigate several related questions through extensive simulations. First, we evaluate the relationship between the critical transmitting range and the minimum transmitting range that ensures formation of a connected component containing a large fraction (e.g., 90 percent) of the nodes. Then, we consider the mobile version of the problem, in which nodes are allowed to move during a time interval and the value of r ensuring connectedness for a given fraction of the interval must be determined. These results yield insight into how mobility affects connectivity and they also reveal useful trade offs between communication capability and energy consumption.
Risk factors for dissatisfaction with the indoor environment in open-plan offices: an analysis of COPE field study data.

UNLABELLED We applied binary logistic regression techniques to data collected from 779 participants in a field study of open-plan ('cubicle') offices conducted in nine buildings. Independent variables were physical conditions in the workplace, and dependent variables were derived from occupant satisfaction measures; personal characteristics were included as covariates. There was a significantly higher risk of dissatisfaction with privacy and acoustics (defined as being below the 20th percentile as opposed to being above the 80th percentile) associated with being in a small workstation, or being seated next to a window. A higher risk of dissatisfaction with ventilation was associated with being seated next to a window, temperatures substantially higher than the average neutral temperature, and a carbon dioxide concentration greater than 650 ppm. A higher risk of dissatisfaction with lighting was associated with panel heights greater than 66 inches (1.7 m), high reflected glare on computer screens, desktop illuminances outside 300-500 lux, desktop illuminance uniformity (min/max ratio) less than 0.5, and being in a workstation distant from a window. PRACTICAL IMPLICATIONS We have demonstrated statistically significant relationships between indoor environment conditions in office spaces and environmental dissatisfaction risk. Although generally supported by prior research, not all of these risk factors are reflected in existing recommended practice documents for office design. Consideration of these findings in future revisions of such documents may be warranted.
Quantum tunneling and thermal activation in the parametric oscillator.

The mean time taken for the degenerate parametric oscillator to quantum tunnel between its two above-threshold stable states is calculated in the large photon-number limit. The result is compared with an earlier approximate result using a truncated Fokker-Planck equation in the Wigner representation. This earlier theory is equivalent to stochastic electrodynamics. Our quantum theory results indicate orders of magnitude faster tunneling far above threshold, when compared to the truncated Wigner theory.
The effect of hepatitis B virus infection on hepcidin expression in hepatitis B patients.

BACKGROUND Hepcidin is a central regulator of iron metabolism. As hepcidin is produced mainly by hepatocytes, pathologic changes in the liver may affect hepcidin production. Abnormal hepcidin expression has been reported following liver injury, including liver cirrhosis, alcoholic liver disease, and chronic hepatitis B and hepatitis C. However, it is unclear whether there is a dose-dependent relationship between hepcidin expression and hepatitis B virus load. The aim of this study was to characterize hepcidin levels in patients with different hepatitis B virus (HBV) DNA levels. METHODS We investigated serum hepcidin levels in 71 patients with different HBV DNA loads, 10 patients with hepatocelluar carcinoma (HCC), and 13 healthy individuals. The relationships between hepcidin expression and hematological/liver functional parameters, iron, and inflammatory indicators were also analyzed. RESULTS Serum IL-6, ferritin, and hepcidin levels were significantly higher in patients with hepatitis B and in HCC patients than in controls (P<0.05), and strong positive correlations were found between hepcidin and ferritin, AST, ALT, GGT, ALP, TBIL, IBIL, and AFU, as well as between log [hepcidin] and log [HBV], respectively. There were no significant differences in hematological parameters, including WBC, Hb, and platelets among hepatitis B patients, nor was a correlation found between hepcidin and any hematological parameters. CONCLUSION Our results indicate that hepcidin expression is regulated by iron and inflammatory factors in hepatitis B infection patients, and that the virus load can affect hepcidin production.
Original article anti-oxidant pathways are stimulated by mesenchymal stromal cells in renal repair after ischemic injury.

BACKGROUND AIMS Ischemia-reperfusion (IR) injury is a common cause of acute renal failure. Bone marrow (BM)-derived mesenchymal stromal cells (MSC) delivered after renal IR are renoprotective, but knowledge of the protective mechanism is still in development. This investigation analyzed the protective molecular mechanisms of MSC, in particular relating to modulated oxidative stress. METHODS In vivo and in vitro models of renal IR were analyzed with and without MSC. In vivo, adult male Sprague-Dawley rats were subjected to 40-min unilateral renal IR. Rat BM-derived MSC were administered at 24 h post-IR (IR + MSC). Other groups had IR but no MSC, or MSC but no ischemia (all groups n = 4). Apoptosis, inflammation, oxidative stress and reparative signal transduction molecules or growth factors were studied 4 days post-IR. In vitro, protection by MSC against oxidative stress (0.4 mm hydrogen peroxide) was investigated using rat renal tubular epithelial cells (NRK52E) with or without MSC in co-culture (tissue culture trans-well inserts), followed by similar analyses to the in vivo investigation. RESULTS In vivo, kidneys of IR + MSC animals had significantly increased cell proliferation/regeneration (cells positive for proliferating cell nuclear antigen, expression of epidermal growth factor), increased heme-oxygenase-1 (improved cell survival, anti-oxidant) and decreased 8-OHdG (decreased oxidative stress). In vitro, MSC delivered with oxidative stress significantly decreased apoptosis and Bax (pro-apoptotic protein), and increased mitosis and phospho-ERK1/2, thereby minimizing the damaging outcome and maximizing the regenerative effect after oxidative stress. CONCLUSIONS The benefits of MSC, in IR, were primarily pro-regenerative, sometimes anti-apoptotic, and novel anti-oxidant mechanisms were identified.
Ca2+ ion accumulation precedes formation of O·−2. in isolated brain mitochondria

The relationship between mitochondrial Ca2+ accumulation and reactive oxygen species formation is studied by means of fast kinetics with fluorescence detection. Succinate or elevated [Na+] and [Ca2+] provided alternative conditions for induction of reactive oxygen species in isolated rat cerebrocortical mitochondria. Depending on Na+/Ca2+ exchanger and superoxide dismutase activities, formation of reactive oxygen species in mitochondria exposed to elevated [Na+] and [Ca2+] levels was characterized by t1/2=12.3±2.9 ms. Production of reactive oxygen species by xanthine oxidase followed a similar time course. Both the processes were blocked by para-benzoquinone, indicating the primary formation of O2−·. Substantial increase in mitochondrial O2−· was observed at [Ca2+]≥2.5 μM. Mitochondrial Ca2+ accumulation obeyed similar [Ca2+] dependence but shorter t1/2 (2.5±0.3 ms), providing kinetic evidence for Ca2+ accumulation-dependent primary formation of O2−· in brain mitochondria.
SPEECH ACT ANALYSIS OF "CANDIDA" BY BERNARD SHAW

This article aims at, to prove George Bernard Shaw, as a feminist through the analysis of his drama "CANDIDA" by applying speech act theory as an objective tool. When we have to describe a character with its complete characteristics is so difficult but when we use an objective tool it become easier and character comes in front of us as a real living person we can judge him we can see his/her faults we can acknowledge character we can disagree with the character. In an artistic work of writer are sometimes the shadow of the beliefs and ideologies of the very same writer so through evaluating the characters we can infer the nature of the writer.
Construction of 3-D Audio Systems: Background, Research, and General Requirements

Abstract : Over the last few years one of the most promising advances for Human Machine Interfaces (HMI) has been the development of 3-Dimensional Audio (3-D Audio). The Air Operations Division of DSTO has been engaged in an extensive research program developing 3-D audio for the military aviation environment. This document is intended to provide some general background and to list some of the broader requirements that need to be considered when designing any 3-D audio system. Included in this report is some background information describing the perceptual basis of 3-D audio, a brief review of some of the research associated with the development of 3-D audio, a discussion of the hardware and software requirements for the implementation of 3-D audio, a brief survey of current commercial 3-D audio systems, and some discussion of the issues that require further consideration.