Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Trust in inter-organizational relationships

Risto Seppänen Trust in inter-organizational relationships Lappeenranta 2008 200 p. Acta Universitatis Lappeenrantaensis 328 Diss. Lappeenranta University of Technology ISBN 978-952-214-660-1, ISBN 978-952-214-661-8 (PDF), ISSN 1456-4491 Trust in inter-organizational collaborative relationships has attracted substantial research interest among academics and practitioners. Previous studies have concentrated on the benefits of trust to business outcomes and economic performance, as it is considered to be a source of competitive advantage. Despite this increased level of interest, there is no consensus, much less overall agreement, about how it should be conceptualized or about the number of dimensions it incorporates. On the inter-organizational level there is an obvious challenge in defining both the trusting party and the objects of trust. Thus, the notion of trust as an under-theorized and poorly understood phenomenon still holds. Hence, the motivation of this study was fuelled by the need to increase our knowledge and understanding of the role and nature of trust in inter-organizational collaborative relationships. It is posited that there is a call for more understanding about its antecedents and consequences, as well as about the very concept in inter-organizational collaborative relationships. The study is divided into two parts. The first part gives a general overview, and the second part comprises four research publications. Both qualitative and quantitative research methodology is utilized. A multi-method research design was used because it provides different levels of data and different perspectives on the phenomenon. The results of this study reveal that trust incorporates three dimensions on both the individual and the organizational level: capability, goodwill, and self-reference. Trust develops from the reputation and behavior of the trusted party. It appears from this study that trust is clearly directed towards both individual boundary spanners and the counterpart company itself – i.e. not only to one or the other. The trusting party, on the other hand, is always an individual, and not the organization per se. Trust increases collaboration benefits and lowers collaboration drawbacks, thus having a positive effect on relationship performance. The major contribution of this study lies in uncovering the critical points and drawbacks in prior research and thereby in responding to the highlighted challenges. The way in which these challenges were addressed offers contributions to three major issues in the emerging theory of trust in the inter-organizational context: firstly, this study clarifies the trustor-trustee discussion; secondly, it conceptualizes trust as existing on both individual and organizational levels; and thirdly, it provides more information about the antecedents of trust and the ways in which it affects relationship performance.
To Write or Not to Write? The Contested Nature and Role of Writing in Arts Practice Research

One of the most contested areas of arts practice research concerns the nature and role of writing. For many artist-scholars, research predicated on artistic practice does not require written contextualization. For those who engage in writing, questions as to the nature, mode, register, and purpose of writing abound. The growing body of publications addressing this question illustrates two broad responses. On the one hand, the ethnographic tradition attempts to capture phenomenological aspects of the artistic and reflexive experience. On the other, writing itself is approached as an integral part (a generative strand) of an artist’s creative process. In this article, the development of arts practice research at the Irish World Academy of Music and Dance, University of Limerick, Ireland is reviewed and it serves as a point of departure to discuss an engagement with writing that invites a dialogue between ethnographic and generative approaches, the balance of which is ultimately decided by the research question, and the approach taken to answer the question.
Airway mucosal inflammation in COPD is similar in smokers and ex-smokers: a pooled analysis

Bronchial biopsy specimens from chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) patients demonstrate increased numbers of CD8+ T-lymphocytes, macrophages and, in some studies, neutrophils and eosinophils. Smoking cessation affects the rate of forced expiratory volume in one second (FEV1) decline in COPD, but the effect on inflammation is uncertain. Bronchial biopsy inflammatory cell counts were compared in current and ex-smokers with COPD. A pooled analysis of subepithelial inflammatory cell count data from three bronchial biopsy studies that included COPD patients who were either current or ex-smokers was performed. Cell count data from 101 subjects, 65 current smokers and 36 ex-smokers, were analysed for the following cell types: CD4+ and CD8+ T-lymphocytes, CD68+ (monocytes/macrophages), neutrophil elastase+ (neutrophils), EG2+ (eosinophils), mast cell tryptase+ and cells mRNA-positive for tumour necrosis factor-α. Current smokers and ex-smokers were similar in terms of lung function, as measured by FEV1 (% predicted), forced vital capacity (FVC) and FEV1/FVC. The results demonstrate that there were no significant differences between smokers and ex-smokers in the numbers of any of the inflammatory cell types or markers analysed. It is concluded that, in established chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, the bronchial mucosal inflammatory cell infiltrate is similar in ex-smokers and those that continue to smoke.
Preservation and Reproduction of Human Motion Based on a Motion-Copying System

In this chapter, a novel method for preserving and reproducing human motion based on haptic technology is described. Haptic technology makes it possible to preserve and reproduce human motion using a paired master and slave system. Because it is possible to preserve motion information based on position trajectory and force input, future human support technology that will facilitate skill acquisition, physical rehabilitation will be developed and will facilitate personal adaptation, tele-communication, et cetera. Once human motions are preserved, it will be possible to process them for various applications. For example, being able to reproduce the speed and trajectory of motion will allow for adjustments that fit the desired function. As a result, the temporal and spatial coupling of perception and action can be attained. This type of physical extension technology based on haptics will be important for the future of human support in society.
Evaluation of three-phase transformerless photovoltaic inverter topologies

This paper analyzes and compares the most common single-stage transformerless photovoltaic inverter topologies for three-phase grid connection with the main focus on the safety issues that result from the lack of galvanic isolation. The change in the leakage current to ground will be investigated and a comparison of the selected topologies will be carried out, based on the component ratings, output voltage levels and filter size.
On the transfer matrix synthesis of two-dimensional orthogonal systems

The paper presents a technique for transfer matrix synthesis of two-dimensional orthogonal systems. It is an attempt to extend so-called embedding to the two-dimensional case. Separable and nonseparable transfer function cases are discussed. Presented solution is based on the positive answer to the Hilbert's 17th problem and the modified version of the quadratic form representation applied to two-dimensional polynomials. A simple example is given to illustrate the method.
Integrating Boolean and vector models of information retrieval with passage retrieval

In the context of information retrieval, we propose here to merge in a single mathematical framework: the Boolean model, the vector space model, and passage retrieval in a single mathematical framework based on signal theory. In this framework, we define the weight wd,t of the term t in the document d not as a number, but as a function.
A New Paradigm for Intelligent Tutoring Systems: Example-Tracing Tutors

Key success criteria for an ITS authoring tool are that (1) the tool supports the creation of effective tutoring systems, (2) the tool can be used to build tutors across a wide range of application domains, (3) authoring with the tool is cost-effective, (4) the tool supports easy deployment and delivery of tutors in a variety of technical contexts, (5) tutors created with the tool are maintainable, and (6) if tutors are used in a research context, the tool must support research-related functionality. The Cognitive Tutor Authoring Tools (CTAT) address all of these requirements to a substantial degree, fully meeting most of them. CTAT supports the creation of both Cognitive Tutors (Koedinger & Corbett, 2006) and a newer type of tutors called example-tracing tutors. This paper focuses on the latter. Example-tracing tutors evaluate student behavior by flexibly comparing it against examples of correct and incorrect problem-solving behaviors. Example-tracing tutors are capable of sophisticated tutoring behaviors: they provide step-by-step guidance on complex problems while recognizing multiple student strategies and maintaining multiple interpretations of student behavior. On that basis, they should be deemed intelligent tutoring systems. Example-tracing tutors can be built without programming, through drag-and-drop techniques and programming by demonstration. Exampletracing tutors have been built and used in real educational settings for a wide range of application areas. Development time estimates from a large number of projects that have used CTAT suggest that CTAT improves the cost-effectiveness of ITS development by a factor of 4-8, compared to “historical” estimates of tutor development time. Although there is a lot of variability in these kinds of estimates, they nonetheless support our hope that lowering the skill requirements for tutor creation is a key step toward widespread use of ITS technology. The main contributions of the work are the example-tracing tutor technology and tools for building these types of tutors without programming.
Polynomial-time algorithm for learning optimal tree-augmented dynamic Bayesian networks

The identification of conditional dependences in longitudinal data is provided through structure learning of dynamic Bayesian networks (DBN). Several methods for DBN learning are concerned with identifying inter-slice dependences, but often disregard the intra-slice connectivity. We propose an algorithm that jointly finds the optimal inter and intra time-slice connectivity in a transition network. The search space is constrained to a class of networks designated by tree-augmented DBN, leading to polynomial time complexity. We assess the effectiveness of the algorithm on simulated data and compare the results to those obtained by a state of the art DBN learning implementation, showing that the proposed algorithm performs very well throughout the different experiments. Further experimental validation is made on real data, by identifying non-stationary gene regulatory networks of Drosophila melanogaster.
Random Sidon Sequences

A subset A of the set [n] = {1, 2,. , n}, \A\ = k, is said to form a Sidon (or B-h) sequence, h greater than or equal to 2, if each of the sums a(1) + a(2) +. + a(h), a(1) less than or equal to a(2) less than or equal to . less than or equal to a(h), a
Antiepileptic Drug Use, Falls, Fractures, and BMD in Postmenopausal Women: Findings From the Women's Health Initiative (WHI)

Antiepileptic drugs (AEDs) are used increasingly in clinical practice to treat a number of conditions. However, the relationship between the use of these medications, particularly the newer AEDs, and fracture risk has not been well characterized. We used data from the Women's Health Initiative (WHI) to determine the relationship bewteen the use of AEDs and falls, fractures, and bone mineral density (BMD) over an average of 7.7 years of follow‐up. We included 138,667 women (1,385 users of AEDs and 137,282 nonusers) aged 50 to 79 years in this longitudinal cohort analyses. After adjustment for covariates, use of AEDs was positively associated with total fractures [hazard ratio (HR) = 1.44, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.30–1.61], all site‐specific fractures including the hip (HR = 1.51, 95% CI 1.05–2.17), clinical vertebral fractures (HR = 1.60, 95% CI 1.20–2.12), lower arm or wrist fractures (HR = 1.40, 95% CI 1.11–1.76), and other clinical fractures (HR = 1.46, 95% CI 1.29–1.65) and two or more falls (HR = 1.62, 95% CI 1.50–1.74) but not with baseline BMD or changes in BMD (p ≥ .064 for all sites). Use of more than one and use of enzyme‐inducing AEDs were significantly associated with total fractures (HR = 1.55, 95% CI 1.15–2.09 and HR = 1.36, 95% CI 1.09–1.69, respectively). We conclude that in clinical practice, postmenopausal women who use AEDs should be considered at increased risk for fracture, and attention to fall prevention may be particularly important in these women. © 2010 American Society for Bone and Mineral Research.
ON THE COMPACT H ii GALAXY UM 408 AS SEEN BY GMOS–IFU: PHYSICAL CONDITIONS

We present Integral Field Unit GMOS–IFU data of the compact H ii galaxy UM 408, obtained at the Gemini South telescope, in order to derive the spatial distribution of emission lines and line ratios, kinematics, plasma parameters, and oxygen abundances as well the integrated properties over an area of 3″×4. ″4 equivalent with ∼750 pc × 1100 pc located in the central part of the galaxy. The starburst in this area is resolved into two giant regions of about 1. ″5 and 1″ (∼375 and ∼250 pc) diameter, respectively and separated 1.5–2″ (∼500 pc). The extinction distribution concentrate its highest values close but not coincident with the maxima of Hα emission around each one of the detected regions. This indicates that the dust has been displaced from the exciting clusters by the action of their stellar winds. The ages of these two regions, estimated using Hβ equivalent widths, suggest that they are coeval events of ∼5 Myr with stellar masses of ∼104 M☉. We have also used [O iii]/Hβ and [S ii]/Hα ratio maps to explore the excitation mechanisms in this galaxy. Comparing the data points with theoretical diagnostic models, we found that all of them are consistent with excitation by photoionization by massive stars. The Hα emission line was used to measure the radial velocity and velocity dispersion. The heliocentric radial velocity shows an apparent systemic motion where the east part of the galaxy is blueshifted, while the west part is redshifted, with a relative motion of ∼10 km s−1. The velocity dispersion map shows supersonic values typical for extragalactic H ii regions. We derived an integrated oxygen abundance of 12+log(O/H) = 7.87 summing over all spaxels in our field of view. An average value of 12+log(O/H) = 7.77 and a difference of Δ(O/H) = 0.47 between the minimum and maximum values (7.58 ± 0.06–8.05 ± 0.04) were found, considering all data points where the oxygen abundance was measured. The spatial distribution of oxygen abundance does not show any significant gradient across the galaxy. On the other hand, the bulk of data points are lying in a region of ±2σ dispersion (with σ = 0.1 dex) around the average value, confirming that this compact H ii galaxy, like other previously studied dwarf irregular galaxies, is chemically homogeneous. Therefore, the new metals processed and injected by the current star formation episode are possibly not observed and reside in the hot gas phase, whereas the metals from previous events are well mixed and homogeneously distributed through the whole extent of the galaxy.
Use of virtual index for measuring efficiency of innovation systems : a cross-country study

In this study we propose a virtual index for measuring the relative innovativeness of countries. Using a multistage virtual benchmarking process, the best and rational benchmark is extracted for inefficient ISs. Furthermore, Tobit and Ordinary Least Squares (OLS) regression models are used to investigate the likelihood of changes in inefficiencies by investigating country-specific factors. The empirical results relating to the virtual benchmarking process suggest that the OLS regression model would better explain changes in the performance of innovation- inefficient countries.
Remittances in conflict and crises : how remittances sustain livelihoods in war, crises and transitions to peace

This newsletter looks at aspects of how migrant workers use or send their money back to their home country. Although migrant workers, refugees and immigrants have been sending home money, goods and ideas for millennia, donors and international finance agencies did not pay very much attention to the phenomenon until about a decade ago. Interest has grown exponentially as statistics show what we now call migrant remittances to be among the most important contributing factors to national economies in several countries. By all accounts migrant remittances reduce poverty in important ways in developing countries. Countries in the conflict, war-to-peace transition and crisis categories are likely to be especially dependent on remittances. Slow recovery of livelihoods and persistent violence or repression ensure high levels of migration and the need for remittances for several years after conflict and crises have ended.
The Research on the Recognition Model of Enterprise Organizational Innovation Motivation

The paper, on the research-basis of the existing organizational innovation motivation literature, according to the OIMS questionnaires, through factor analysis and other empirical approach, based on the check analysis of data reliability and validity to identify the motivation that affects the corporation organizational innovation, demonstrating the recognition model of corporation organizational innovation motivated, locating the internal motivations that affects the corporation organizational innovation in the adjustment of corporation strategy, the organizational scale development and the change of corporate culture, locating the outer motivations that affects the corporation organizational innovation in the technology push, market demand and government regulation. Second, analysing the relationship between organizational innovation inner and outer motivations, studying the coupling of organizational innovation motivation to the orgianizational innovation in mechanism.
Pricing exotic options in a path integral approach

In the framework of the Black–Scholes–Merton model of financial derivatives, a path integral approach to option pricing is presented. A general formula to price European path-dependent options on multidimensional assets is obtained and implemented by means of various flexible and efficient algorithms. As an example, we detail the cases of Asian, barrier knock out, reverse cliquet and basket call options, evaluating prices and Greeks. The numerical results are compared with those obtained with other procedures used in quantitative finance and found to be in good agreement. In particular, when pricing at-the-money and out-of-the-money options, the path integral approach exhibits competitive performances.
Approach to solution of the task of attribute space formation with the time series prediction based on cluster analysis

The article is devoted to investigation of the problem of input attribute space formation for solution of the task of financial time series prediction with application of artificial neural networks. The new approach to solve this task is offered which is based on cluster analyses application. Artificial neural network of Kokhonen is applied as an instrument of cluster analyses. Comparison of the proposed approach with the well-known approaches to solution of this task is represented. Clustering quality coefficients and class recognition reliability are proposed. The efficiency of the offered approach with the financial time series prediction is experimentally proved, and namely, reduction of time for analyses and increase of reliability of the prediction obtained. Prospects for further development of this research trend are defined.
Optimal stopping times with different information levels and with time uncertainty

This paper studies optimal stopping problems for general diffusion processes with an uncertain time horizon and with different levels of information based on which the decision to stop or to continue is made. First, corresponding value functions are compared and related explicitly to their counterparts without the time uncertainty. Second, to analyze optimal stopping strategies, characterization results regarding connectivity of the “stopping” and “continuation” regions are derived. In particular, sufficient conditions for the well-known “threshold type” optimal stopping rule are given, based on which explicit solutions are derived for problems with standard American call/put type payoff functions. ∗School of Operations Research and Industrial Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853-3801, USA, Phone (607) 255 8842, Fax (607) 255 9129, email: ac427@cornell.edu. †Department of Industrial Engineering and Operations Research, UC Berkeley, CA 94720-1777, USA, Phone (510) 642 3615, email: xinguo@ieor.berkeley. edu. 1
Channel assignment and jammer mitigation for military MANETs with multiple interfaces and multiple channels

The capability of accessing multiple channels through multiple interfaces improves the network capacity, which attracted the attention of the future military networks. However, due to the presence of jammers as well as mobility and ad-hoc features, they require distributed and efficient resource management and channel assignment. Due to the NP hardness of the channel assignment problem, we propose a heuristic algorithm termed CA-JAM (Channel Assignment and JAmmer Mitigation) that requires each station to exchange control messages through beacon frames on every individual interface. CA-JAM assigns a distinct channel for each interface of a station and use the information in the beacon received from the neighbors, to improve the network throughput by reducing the number of stations using the same channel to avoid interference and mitigate the effect of jamming while maintaining the connectivity. Simulation results are obtained through OPNET to compare CA-JAM algorithm with existing protocols.
The Timed Predicative Calculus as a Framework for Comparative Semantics

Predicates are used in a variety of formal specification languages, though a predicate does not always mean the same thing in each approach. For example, the predicate false in Z means the same thing as true in the predicative calculus of Hehner. In this paper, we compare the specification languages Z, Morgan’s Refinement Calculus, and Parnas’s Limited Domain relations, using the timed predicative calculus (TP) of Hehner as an underlying framework. In particular, we show that TP is more expressive than the other languages. We also show that refinement in TP is strictly weaker than the refinement relations associated with the other languages. As a result, refinement laws from the other languages can be reused in TP. We conject that the simplicity of TP makes it a good candidate as a specification language and program development method for the refinement of procedural specifications, as well as real-time object oriented specifications. ∗Email: {jonathan, paige}@cs.yorku. ca. Supported by a grant from NSERC.