Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Effect of topography and mixing parameterization upon the circulation in cold water domes

[1] The influence of bottom topography and the parameterization of subgrid-scale mixing upon the steady state circulation in a cold water bottom dome was examined using a three-dimensional prognostic model in cross-sectional form. Initially, the circulation due to a specified bottom dome and surface frontal system associated with observed domes are considered in isolation. Calculations revealed a cyclonic (anticlockwise) circulation in the surface layer, with an anticyclonic (clockwise) circulation in the near-bed layer, associated with an isolated bottom dome. In the case of the surface frontal system, calculations showed surface and near-bed circulations in the opposite directions to those found for a bottom dome. For the surface frontal case, the maximum current occurs at the sea surface, with a weak current at the bed. Calculations showed that topography had little effect. In subsequent calculations, surface front and bottom dome in combination were examined. In this case their form was not specified but was generated by solar heating, and calculations showed that topography had an important role. The opposing nature of the circulations associated with the surface front and bottom dome leads to a dominant near-surface cyclonic current circulation at the edge of the dome, with weaker secondary circulations beyond this. Cross-frontal circulation cells were generated in the vertical. The strength and exact form of these circulations depended upon the topography and parameterization of mixing.
Tomographic Imaging outside a Seismic Network: Application to the Northeast Japan Arc

The conventional local tomography can determine the 3D seismic velocity structure right beneath a seismic network, but it cannot determine the 3D structure outside a seismic network. In this study we show that such a limitation of tomography can be overcome if many earthquakes occur outside a seismic network. In the northeast Japan arc earthquakes occur actively from the Japan Trench to the Pacific coast. We detected and used sP -depth phase to relocate the suboceanic earthquakes accurately, and then used P - and S -wave arrival times from the relocated suboceanic events and the earthquakes under the northeast Japan land area to determine the 3D P - and S -wave velocity and Poisson’s ratio structures of the entire northeast Japan arc from the Japan Trench to the Japan Sea coast. Our results exhibit strong lateral heterogeneities under the forearc region. The mainshock hypocenters of large interplate earthquakes ( M 7.0–8.2) mainly cluster near the boundaries of high and low velocity and Poisson’s ratio above the subducting Pacific slab. A few large earthquakes are located in areas with high velocity and low Poisson’s ratio. These results suggest that lateral heterogeneities on the slab boundary can affect the rupture nucleation of large thrust earthquakes and the degree of interplate seismic coupling.
MITOGENOME ANNOUNCEMENT Complete mitochondrial genome of the composting worm Dendrobaena veneta (Clitellata: Oligochaeta, Lumbricidae)

Dendrobaena veneta (Rosa, 1886) is widely distributed all over Europe due to its use as compost worm. The specimen presented here was collected in Tiran € e district, Albania. Currently, only two species’ complete or nearly complete mitochondrial genome (mitogenome) sequences have been reported in the genus Dendrobaena ; D. octaedra (Savigny, 1826) and D. tellermanica Perel, 1966. In this study, the complete mitogenome of D. veneta was sequenced, assembled, and annotated. The mitogenome of D. veneta is a circular DNA molecule, consisting of 15,475bp with an A þ T content of 61.2%. It contains 13 protein-coding genes, 2 ribosomal RNA genes, 22 transfer RNA genes, and 1 non-coding region (control region). Phylogenetic analysis showed that D. veneta is clustered with the other two Dendrobaena species in the well-supported family Lumbricidae.
Helikite aerial photography – a versatile means of unmanned, radio controlled, low‐altitude aerial archaeology

During the past 100 years, various devices have been developed and applied in order to acquire archaeologically useful aerial imagery from low altitudes (e.g. balloons, kites, poles). This paper introduces Helikite aerial photography (HAP), a new form of close range aerial photography suitable for site or defined area photography, based on a camera suspended from a Helikite: a combination of both a helium balloon and kite wings. By largely overcoming the drawbacks of conventional kite‐ and balloon‐based photography, HAP allows for a very versatile, remotely controlled approach to low‐altitude aerial photography (LAAP). In addition to a detailed outline of the whole HAP system, its working procedure and possible improvements, some of the resulting imagery is shown to demonstrate the usefulness of HAP for several archaeological applications. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Modeling and simulation of pore‐scale multiphase fluid flow and reactive transport in fractured and porous media

In the subsurface, fluids play a critical role by transporting dissolved minerals, colloids, and contaminants (sometimes over long distances); by mediating dissolution and precipitation processes; and by enabling chemical transformations in solution and at mineral surfaces. Although the complex geometries of fracture apertures, fracture networks, and pore spaces may make it difficult to accurately predict fluid flow in saturated (single‐phase) subsurface systems, well‐developed methods are available. The simulation of multiphase fluid flow in the subsurface is much more challenging because of the large density and/or viscosity ratios found in important applications (water/air in the vadose zone; water/oil, water/gas, gas/oil, and water/oil/gas in hydrocarbon reservoirs; water/air/nonaqueous phase liquids (nonaqueous phase liquids/dense nonaqueous phase liquids) in contaminated vadose zone systems; and gas/molten rock in volcanic systems, for example). In addition, the complex behavior of fluid‐fluid‐solid contact lines and their impact on dynamic contact angles must also be taken into account and coupled with the fluid flow. Here we review the methods that are currently being used to simulate pore‐scale multiphase fluid flow and reactive transport in fractured and porous media. After the introduction, the review begins with an overview of the fundamental physics of multiphase fluids flow followed by a more detailed discussion of the complex dynamic behavior of contact lines and contact angles, an important barrier to accurate pore‐scale modeling and simulation. The main part of the review focuses on five different approaches: pore network models, lattice gas and lattice Boltzmann methods, Monte Carlo methods, particle methods (molecular dynamics, dissipative particle dynamics, and smoothed particle hydrodynamics), and traditional grid‐based computational fluid dynamics coupled with interface tracking and a contact angle model. Finally, the review closes with a discussion of future trends and challenges.
Relative importance of bacterivorous mixotrophs in an estuary‐coast environment

Mixotrophic eukaryotes are important bacterivores in oligotrophic open oceans, but their significance as grazers in more nutrient‐rich waters is less clear. Here, we investigated the bacterivory partition between mixotrophs and heterotrophs in a productive, estuary‐influenced coastal region in the East China Sea. We found ubiquitous, actively feeding phytoplankton populations and taxa with mixotrophic potential by identifying ingestion of fluorescent prey surrogate and analyzing community 18S rRNA gene amplicons. Potential and active mixotrophs accounted for 10–63% of the total eukaryotic community and 17–69% of bacterivores observed, respectively, contributing 6–48% of estimated in situ bacterivory. The much higher mixotroph fitness outside of the turbid plume was potentially driven by increased light and decreased nutrient availability. Our results suggest that, although heterotrophs dominated overall in situ bacterivory, mixotrophs were abundant and important bacterivores in this low‐latitude mesotrophic coastal region.
Ambient‐Noise Wave‐Equation Tomography of the Alps and Ligurian‐Provence Basin

Taking benefit of the AlpArray temporary network and permanent networks in W‐Europe, we construct a 3‐D onshore‐offshore velocity model of the crust and upper mantle using ambient‐noise wave‐equation tomography. We use a frequency‐dependent phase traveltime misfit function in an iterative procedure to refine a recent 3‐D Vs model computed from a Bayesian two‐step ambient noise tomography. Observed waveforms consist of vertical‐component noise correlations from 600 broadband stations in the Alps and surroundings, including ocean‐bottom seismometers in the Ligurian sea. We perform 3‐D inversion in the 5–85 s period range. In the long‐period band (20–85 s), an elastic approximation is considered, while in the 5–20 s band, we account for the effect of water layer in the Ligurian sea by applying a fluid‐solid coupling for acoustic‐elastic waveform simulations. The resulting Vs model enhances the shape and contrast of velocity structures, accounting for 3‐D and finite‐frequency effects. It emphasizes the deep sediments of the Ligurian‐Provence basin and focuses on the low‐velocity anomalies of the crust in the W‐Alps. We obtain a high‐resolution Moho depth map covering the Alps and Ligurian sea. In the W‐Alps, this map confirms the deepening of the European crust following the subduction beneath Adria and the existence of major structures such as the Moho jump beneath the external crystalline massifs and shallow depths associated with the Ivrea Body. It provides further constraints on the deep structure beneath the Ligurian‐Provence basin, regarding the lateral and along‐strike crustal‐thickness variations from the oceanic domain to the conjugate margins.
Synthesis of Polymers with Narrow Molecular Mass Distribution through Interface-Initiated Room-Temperature Polymerization in Emulsion Gels

Homopolymers of n-butyl acrylate, methyl methacrylate, styrene, and their random copolymers were prepared via interface-initiated polymerization of emulsion gels at 20 °C. The polymerization was conducted in a free radical polymerization manner without inert gas protection. Compared with the polymers synthesized at 60 °C, the polymerization of emulsion gels at 20 °C produced homo- and copolymers with a higher molecular mass and a narrower molecular mass distribution. The polydispersity indices for the polymers synthesized at 20 °C were found to be between 1.12 and 1.37. The glass transition temperatures for the as-synthesized butyl acrylate copolymers agree well with the prediction from the Gordon–Taylor equation. Interface-initiated room-temperature polymerization is a robust, energy-saving polymerization technique for synthesizing polymers with a narrow molecular mass distribution.
Unlocking Financial Innovation: Fintech Adoption, Knowledge Codifiability, and Employee Engagement in Developing Countries

Fintech has garnered significant global attention, particularly in the wake of the COVID-19 pandemic. However, its adoption in developing countries is still in its infancy. Managers within organizations constitute a crucial demographic that can significantly influence Fintech Adoption (FA). This empirical study delves into the impact of FA and Knowledge Codifiability (KC) on Employee Engagement (EE). Additionally, the study investigates the mediating role of EE in the relationship between FA, KC, and Competitiveness. Furthermore, it examines how Resource Commitment (RC) moderates the connections between FA, KC, and EE. The data was collected from 424 managers based in a developing country. The study employs PLS-SEM to analyze the relationships among these variables. The results reveal that both FA and KC have a positive correlation with EE. Moreover, the findings substantiate the idea that EE serves as a mediator in the relationship between FA, KC, and competitiveness. Additionally, the results confirm that RC plays a moderating role in the connections between FA, KC, and EE. This study offers valuable recommendations for regulators in crafting regulations that align with firms' technological goals, promoting innovation and economic growth.
Nonlinear elastic waveform inversion of land seismic reflection data

Data from 53 shot records collected in a conventional, land, seismic reflection survey are inverted to obtain subsurface maps of short-wavelength variations in elastic parameters (impedance). The inversion method employs a robust, nonlinear, iterative, gradient algorithm which inverts waveform data; thus there is no picking of travel times or amplitudes. The algorithm is also computationnally expensive as it relies heavily upon elastic finite difference modeling. In addition, because a gradient search is employed to minimize the misfit between observed and modeled data, we attempt to solve only the weakly nonlinear problem associated with the short wavelenghts of imedance (information on the short-wavelengths of impedance is mainly derived from amplitude variations of the data). Resolving the long wavelengths of velocity (background) is thought to be a highly nonlinear problem, at least for waveform inversion, and is not attempted herein. For the inversion of this data set, long wavelenghts have been derived from well logs located along the seismic reflection profile. Although the data set is dominated by unconverted P wave arrivals, we obtain maps of the short wavelenghts of both P impedance and S impedance. Three well logs in the survey area confirm the validity of the P impedance map; however, no S velocity well log are available from this area. There are channel sands of economic interest which have a thickness of approximately 10 m in one well and are very thin or absent in the other two wells. The 10 m occurrence of channel sands is quite visible in both impedance maps. We note that because inversion in three dimensions of a realistically sized data set is simply not possible on present-day computers, all modeling was performed in two dimensions, and a rather crude conversion from spherical to cylindrical energy spreading was applied to the original field data before inversion. Other seismic reflection data in the survey area suggest that there is little lateral variation in the subsurface except for the channel sands; thus we feel that a two-dimensional inversion with energy compensation is justified.
Estimation of Saharan aerosol optical thickness from blurring effects in thematic mapper data

We present in this paper a method which allows us to derive the aerosol optical thickness over land surfaces from satellite data by using the blurring effect due to the scattering. By assuming the ground reflectance to be constant, variations of the satellite signal may be attributed to variations of the atmospheric optical properties. The time evolution of the structure function then allows us to infer the aerosol content over land surfaces. The method was applied to Saharan aerosols, which represent the most important contribution to the atmospheric aerosol loading. The results derived from Thematic Mapper data proved to be in good agreement with simultaneous ground-based measurements. Therefore the method seems able to provide the aerosol contents during Saharan dust events.
Bio‐optical model with optimal parameter suitable for Taihu Lake in water colour remote sensing

Sixty‐seven samplings were collected, almost covering all over the Taihu Lake, in one campaign in October 2004. At each station, the backscattering coefficients and the field spectra were measured in situ, respectively, with a HS‐6 and a FieldSpec 931 spectroradiometer (ASD Inc.). Almost concurrently, water samples were fetched with Niskin water‐fetching equipment and then returned to the laboratory for concentration and absorption measurement. The whole lake was divided into different areas according to some indexes. Three models were used to calculate remote sensing reflectance R rsc for the waters where the in situ remote sensing reflectance R rsm was beyond the bottom effect, which was considered as optically deep waters. By comparison of R rsc and R rsm, the best model suitable for optically deep waters in Taihu Lake, together with its optimal experiential parameter, were selected and developed, which was very important and helpful to develop a universal model to estimate accurately remote sensing reflectance for the whole lake in the next step.
Analysis Of A 105‐year time series of precipitation observed at Uccle, Belgium

The yearly, monthly and seasonal total precipitation of a 105‐year precipitation time series of Uccle, Belgium, were analyzed. Statistically significant trends were found for the yearly total precipitation, for precipitation observed in the winter (DJF) and for the monthly total precipitation of March, using the Mann–Kendall trend test. The few statistically significant trends that were found are shown to be of no statistical significance when the length of the series is changed. Using the adaptive Kolmogorov–Zurbenko (KZA) filter, the droughts around 1920 and during the mid‐1970s and drier‐than‐normal conditions at the beginning of the twentieth century could be detected. Wavelet analysis of the monthly precipitation revealed an expected statistically significant yearly cycle in the data, together with multi‐annual components of 3 and 7 years, which were absent during the period 1935–1945. Copyright © 2006 Royal Meteorological Society
Crustal structure of North Atlantic Fracture Zones

Seismic studies have established that large-offset transforms along the slow spreading Mid-Atlantic Ridge exhibit anomalous crustal structures that fall well outside the range typically associated with oceanic crust. Seismically, fracture zone crust in the North Atlantic is extremely heterogeneous in both thickness and internal structure. It is frequently quite thin (<1–2 km thick) and is characterized by low compressional wave velocities and the absence of a normal seismic layer 3. A more gradual crustal thinning can extend up to several tens of kilometers from these fracture zones. Anomalously thin crust has also been inferred from both seismic and gravity studies at smaller ridge axis discontinuities along the Mid-Atlantic Ridge. The geological nature of the seismically anomalous crust found within Atlantic fracture zones, and how this crust forms, are still controversial. One interpretation consistent with available seismic observations is that the crust within North Atlantic fracture zones consists of a thin, intensely fractured, and hydrothermally altered basaltic section overlying ultramafics that are extensively serpentinized in places. Variations in apparent seismic crustal thickness along fracture zones may reflect different degrees of serpentinization of the upper mantle section or changes in the thickness of the igneous crust. The existence of a thinner crustal section in fracture zones can be explained by a reduced magma supply within a broad region near ridge offsets due to the three-dimensional nature of upwelling beneath a segmented spreading center and by tectonic dismemberment of the crust by large-scale detachment faults that form preferentially in the cold, brittle lithosphere near the ends of segments.
Laboratory Insecticide Efficacy Trials of Lethal Harborages for Control of the Common Bed Bug, Cimex lectularius (Hemiptera: Cimicidae)

Simple Summary Over the past 20 years, there has been a worldwide resurgence in the nuisance biting insects known as bed bugs. The resurgence is due to the development of insecticide resistance, such that modern bed bugs are very hard to kill. This also means that control is expensive, and not everyone has the financial resources to pay for eradication. In an effort to develop cheaper control solutions, we investigated the use of “lethal harborages”. Here, pieces of cardboard were treated with different insecticides, two strains of bed bugs (one that is easy to kill and one that is resistant) were allowed to enter the treated cardboards, and mortality was recorded. The cardboard treated with silica dioxide were the most effective, causing 100% of the bugs to die within 14 to 17 days when using the highest dose. This silica dioxide dust was also tested in an artificial environment. By day 21, all the bugs in the treated settings were eliminated. These “lethal harborages” were highly effective in the laboratory and are a potential low-cost solution as part of an overall bed bug control plan. Abstract Over the past two decades, there has been a worldwide resurgence in the bed bugs Cimex lectularius L. and Cimex hemipterus (F.). This is primarily due to insecticide resistance, making bed bug management and eradication challenging and expensive. To address the need for more affordable control solutions, “lethal harborages” were explored. Cardboard squares were treated using insecticidal dusts at different dosage levels, including silica dioxide, diatomaceous earth, deltamethrin, permethrin, and fipronil. Two strains of C. lectularius, one susceptible and one resistant, were allowed to enter the treated harborages, and mortality rates were recorded daily. The silica dioxide products proved to be the most efficacious, consistently achieving 100% mortality between 14–17 d at the highest dose. An artificial environment trial using the “new ChinChex®” formulation of silica dioxide resulted in the complete elimination of bed bugs in the treated harborages within 21 d. These findings suggest that lethal harborages, especially those impregnated with silica dioxide, offer a cost-effective solution that could be incorporated into broader integrated bed bug management strategies. This approach may help alleviate the burden of bed bug infestations in economically disadvantaged communities.
Relationship between Problematic Smartphone Use, Sleep Quality and Bedtime Procrastination: A Mediation Analysis

The purpose of this investigation was to study the relationship between sleep quality, problematic smartphone use (PSU) and bedtime procrastination, as well as to assess gender and age differences. A total of 313 participants, aged 18–60 (M = 30 ± 10.1; 53.2% males), completed an online survey between February and May 2023 in Spain. The Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index, Smartphone Addiction Scale-Short Version and Bedtime Procrastination Scale were used to measure sleep quality, PSU and bedtime procrastination, respectively. Additionally, smartphone use habits were evaluated through self-report questions. Pearson correlations, independent samples t-tests, one-way ANOVA, Bonferroni’s post hoc tests and mediation analysis were conducted. Correlation analysis showed positive associations between the three main variables. Independent sample t-tests indicated females were more prone to PSU along with higher overall smartphone use. Post hoc analysis of one-way ANOVA exposed age differences between young adults (18–25 years old), adults (26–44 years old) and middle-aged adults (45–60 years old) in PSU and bedtime procrastination. Finally, mediation analysis revealed that PSU had indirect effects on sleep quality through bedtime procrastination, but no direct effects on sleep quality. Therefore, PSU, and especially bedtime procrastination, should be considered as targets in future campaigns or intervention programs to improve sleep quality among the young Spanish population.
Flebotomíneos de municípios do norte do estado do Paraná, sul do Brasil

This work reports the results of sandfly collections in several places, during 2001 and 2002, in Bom Sucesso, Jardim Alegre, Kalore, Londrina and Sabaudia municipalities, North of the State. The sandflies catches were performed with Shannon and Falcao traps in domiciliary areas, domestic animal shelters, barns and in the forest. A total of 4,019 specimens of 8 species were captured. Nyssomyia whitmani predominates in all of the municipalities. The species Migonemyia migonei, Nyssomyia neivai and N. whitmani may be involved in the epidemiology of American Tegumentary Leishmaniasis in this state.