Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
From exploration paths to mass excursions – variations on a theme of Ray and Knight

Based on an intuitive approach to the Ray-Knight representation of Feller’s branching diffusion in terms of Brownian excursions we survey a few recent developments around exploration and mass excursions. One of these is Bertoin’s “tree of alleles with rare mutations” [6], seen as a tree of excursions of Feller’s branching diffusion. Another one is a model of a population with individual reproduction, pairwise fights and emigration to ever new colonies, conceived as a tree of excursions of Feller’s branching diffusion with logistic growth [14]. Finally, we report on a Ray-Knight representation of Feller’s branching diffusion with logistic growth in terms of a reflected Brownian motion whose drift depends on the local time accumulated at its current level [19, 27]. 2010 Mathematics Subject Classification. Primary 60J70; Secondary 60J80, 60J55.
Logics for distributed resources

This Thesis studies logical characterisations of distributed systems for the purpose of describing resources in heterogeneous environments. The focus is more on the structure and the distribution of resources than their behaviour. The research follows two complementary strategies: a proof theoretical approach, not related to a particular formal model, and a model theoretical approach, deeply related to the choice of a formal model. The former consists in specialising a pure logical formalism to express properties in a distributed system; the latter consists in defining a new logic by considering a particular formalisation for distributed systems as a model, and by interpreting the logical constructs in such a model. To develop these two differing approaches, the Thesis is organised in two parts. Part I introduces the ‘Logic’ from the basis by considering Basic Logic: a substructural logic whose aim is to find a structure in the space of the logics. Classical, Intuitionistic, and non-modal Linear logics are all obtained as extensions of Basic Logic in a uniform way. Basic Logic is taken as the fundament of a resource semantics, that is modularly extended to Intuitionistic Linear Logic, Linear Logic and Bunched Implications Logic. This semantics, along with its extensions, is sound and complete, and provides a theorem of semantical cut-elimination. By adding places, or locations, to a Modal Intuititionistic Logic we define a model that well describes distributed systems. The semantics provided for this modal logic is sound and complete, and can be further specialised to satisfy the finite model property, thus proving the decidability of the logic. Part II introduces bigraphs, which are a graphical model of computation in which both locality and connectivity are prominent. Bigraphs are establishing themselves a truly general (meta)model of global systems, and appear to encompass several existing calculi and models. This part of the Thesis is devoted to the introduction of BiLog, a new contextual and spatial logic based on bigraphs, that aims at achieving the same generality as a description language: as bigraphs specialise to particular models, we expect BiLog to specialise to powerful logics on these. In this sense we propose BiLog as a unifying language for the description of global resources, fortified by the positive preliminary results obtained by instantiating BiLog to well known spatial logics: Spatial Tree Logic, Spatial Graph Logic, Context Tree Logic, and a dynamic spatial logic for CCS. Another positive result in this direction has been obtained for semistructured data, by focusing on XML.
STUDY OF VLSI BULK CMOS AND SOI TECHNOLOGIES

The paper reviews the basic circuit issues of the bulk and SOI technology, and also shows the superior features of SOI which include the process and developing circuits. And finally, conclusion shows the comparison of two technologies by giving the appropriate design description. he process of designing digital hardware has changed dramatically over the past few years. Unlike previous generations of technology, in which board-level designs included large numbers of SSI chips containing basic gates, virtually every digital design produced today consists mostly of high-density devices. Where the high density devices are developed by VLSI, this introduces the incorporating of several numbers of transistors on a single chip. According to MOORES Law the count of transistors are doubled for every six months, which gives the high reliability and better performance. This applies not only to custom devices like processors and memory, but also for logic circuits such as state machine controllers, counters, registers, and decoders. When such circuits are destined for high-volume systems they have been integrated into high-density gate arrays. And the paper introduces the two technologies i.e. Bulk CMOS and SOI CMOS technology, considering these two to technologies the paper is further processed by giving the brief description of each technology and the needs, effects and application are discussed. II. SEMICONDUCTORS A semiconductor has two types of mobile charge carriers: negatively charged electrons and positively charged holes. We shall denote the concentrations of these charge carriers by n and p respectively. The discussions in this booklet apply to elemental semiconductors (like silicon) which belong to group IV of the periodic table. We can intentionally add impurities from groups III and V to the semiconductor. These impurities are called dopants. Impurities from group III are called acceptors while those from group V are called donors. Each donor atom has an extra electron, which is very loosely bound to it. At room temperature, there is thermal energy present, so that the loosely bound electron breaks free from the donor, leaving the donor positively charged. This contributes an additional electron to the free charge carriers in the semiconductor, and a positive ionic charge at a fixed location in the semiconductor. Similarly, an acceptor atom captures an electron, thus producing a mobile hole and becoming negatively charged itself. A semiconductor without any dopants is called intrinsic. An unperturbed semiconductor must be charge neutral as a whole. If we denote the concentration of ionised donors by and the concentration of ionised acceptors by , we can write for the net charge density at any point in the semiconductor as.
Three papers on : Understanding Solaris TM Filesystems and Paging

This trio of papers was prepared for publication in September of 1996 when the author was a member of the Desknet group in Sun Microsystems Laboratories. He is presently in the Solaris Products group. Tuning Solaris UFS Bandwidth The purpose of this paper is to provide general tuning guidelines for getting the best bandwidth possible from large files using Solaris UFS. Information on filesystem parameters, system variables, device and striping configurations, application changes, and I/O test programs is provided. Understanding the Solaris VM Paging System The goal of this paper is to give a basic introduction to the Solaris virtual memory paging algorithms. The information presented here provides a basis for system tuning experiments and understanding pagingrelated performance problems; however, this sketch is meant only as a starting point. Trends in Single-Host Filesystems Technology This paper discusses alternatives in single-host filesystems. Its purpose is to show how technology trends have changed design tradeoffs and made obsolete many assumptions in older filesystems. Examples of current filesystems are compared to show relative strengths and weaknesses, as well as inherent architectural limitations. email address: jonathan.bertoni@eng.sun.com © 1998 Sun Microsystems, Inc. All rights reserved. The SML Technical Report Series is published by Sun Microsystems Laboratories, of Sun Microsystems, Inc. Printed in U.S.A. Unlimited copying without fee is permitted provided that the copies are not made nor distributed for direct commercial advantage, and credit to the source is given. Otherwise, no part of this work covered by copyright hereon may be reproduced in any form or by any means graphic, electronic, or mechanical, including photocopying, recording, taping, or storage in an information retrieval system, without the prior written permission of t he copyright owner. TRADEMARKS Sun, Sun Microsystems, Solaris,and the Sun logo are trademarks or registered trademarks of Sun Microsystems, Inc. in the U.S. and other countries. All SPARC trademarks are used under license and are trademarks or registered trademarks of SPARC International, Inc. in the U.S. and other countries. Products bearing SPARC trademarks are based upon an architecture developed by Sun Microsystems, Inc. For information regarding the SML Technical Report Series, contact Jeanie Treichel, Editor-in-Chief <jeanie.treichel@eng.sun.co m>. Tuning SolarisTM UFS Bandwidth
Industry wage differentials and the bargaining regime in a corporatist country

This paper examines the role of the bargaining regime in bringing about inter‐industry wage differentials in the Belgian private sector. Empirical findings, based on the 1995 Structure of Earnings Survey, emphasise that sectors offering high/low wages are similar for workers covered by different bargaining regimes, even when controlling for individual characteristics, working conditions and firm size. Moreover, results show that, ceteris paribus, the dispersion of inter‐industry wage differentials is higher when wages are collectively renegotiated at the firm level, and workers covered by a company collective agreement (CA) earn 5.1 per cent more than their opposite numbers whose wages are solely covered by national and/or sectoral CAs.
The impact of poor data quality on the typical enterprise

As practitioners know, creating awareness of a problem and its impact is a critical first step toward resolution of the problem [5]. The needed awareness of poor data quality, while growing, has not yet been achieved in many enterprises. After all, the typical executive is already besieged by too many problems, low customer satisfaction, high costs, a data warehouse project that is late, and so forth. This article aims to increase awareness by providing a summary of the impacts of poor data quality on a typical enterprise. These impacts Thomas C. Redman
ASCA Observations of the Starburst-driven Superwind Galaxy NGC 2146: Broadband (0.6-9 keV) Spectral Properties

We report ASCA GIS and SIS observations of the nearby (D=11.6 Mpc), nearly edge-on, starburst galaxy NGC 2146. These X-ray spectral data complement ROSAT PSPC and HRI imaging already discussed in the literature. The broadband (0.6-9 keV) X-ray spectrum of NGC 2146 is best described by a two-component model, the soft X-ray emission being modeled by a Raymond-Smith thermal plasma model with a temperature of kT~0.8 keV, while the hard X-ray emission is modeled by a thermal plasma model with kT~8 keV, or by a power-law model with a photon index of ~1.7. We do not find compelling evidence of substantial excess absorption above the Galactic value. The total luminosities of NGC 2146 in the soft (0.5-2.0 keV), hard (2-10 keV), and broad (0.5-10.0 keV) energy bands are ~1.3×1040, ~1.8×1040, and ~3.1×1040 ergs s-1 , respectively. The soft and hard thermal components provide about 30% and 70%, respectively, of the total luminosity in the 0.5-2.0 keV energy band, while in the 2-10 keV energy range only the hard component plays a major role. The spectral results allow us to set tighter constraints on the starburst-driven superwind model, which we show can satisfactorily account for the luminosity, mass, and energy content represented by the soft X-ray spectral component. We estimate that the mass outflow rate (~9 M☉ yr-1) is about an order of magnitude greater than the predicted rate at which supernova and stellar winds return mass into the interstellar medium, and therefore we argue that the flow is strongly "mass loaded" with material in and around the starburst. The estimated outflow velocity of the hot gas is close to the escape velocity from the galaxy, so the fate of the gas is not clear. We suggest that the hard X-ray spectral component is due to the combined emission of X-ray binaries and/or young supernova remnants associated with the starburst.
The delta method for analytic functions of random operators with application to functional data

In this paper, the asymptotic distributions of estimators for the regularized functional canonical correlation and variates of the population are derived. The method is based on the possibility of expressing these regularized quantities as the maximum eigenvalue and the corresponding eigenfunctions of an associated pair of regularized operators, similar to the Euclidean case. The known weak convergence of the sample covariance operator, coupled with a delta-method for analytic functions of covariance operators, yields the weak convergence of the pair of associated operators. From the latter weak convergence, the limiting distributions of the canonical quantities of interest can be derived with the help of some further perturbation theory.
Incorporating Virtual Reality Concepts into the Introductory Computer Graphics Course

While an exciting and contemporary field, the subject of virtual reality (VR) receives little treatment in most undergraduate computer science curriculums. This paper describes the author’s efforts to provide an overview of VR as the final component of his introductory computer graphics course. Specifically, students learn about the defining characteristics of VR and some of its enabling technologies. The course concludes with the students gaining practical experience in the field by developing their own VR applications.
A spectroscopic analysis of Martian crater central peaks: Formation of the ancient crust

[1] The earliest formed crust on a single plate planet such as Mars should be preserved, deeply buried under subsequent surface materials. Mars' extensive cratering history would have fractured and disrupted the upper layers of this ancient crust. Large impacts occurring late in Martian geologic history would have excavated and exposed this deeply buried material. We report the compositional analysis of unaltered mafic Martian crater central peaks with high-resolution spectral data that was used to characterize the presence, distribution and composition of mafic mineralogy. Reflectance spectra of mafic outcrops are modeled with the Modified Gaussian Model (MGM) to determine cation composition of olivine and pyroxene mineral deposits. Observations show that central peaks with unaltered mafic units are only observed in four general regions of Mars. Each mafic unit exhibits spectrally unmixed outcrops of olivine or pyroxene, indicating dunite and pyroxenite dominated compositions instead of basaltic composition common throughout much of the planet. Compositional analysis shows a wide range of olivine Fo# ranging from Fo60 to Fo5. This variation is best explained by a high degree of fractionation in a slowly cooling, differentiating magma body. Pyroxene analysis shows that all the sites in the Southern Highlands are consistent with moderately Fe-rich, low-Ca pyroxene. Mineral segregation in the ancient crust could be caused by cumulate crystallization and settling in a large, potentially global, lava lake or near surface plutons driven by a hypothesized early Martian mantle overturn.
Project Graal: Towards Operational Architecture Alignment

This paper presents a framework for architecture alignment that can be positioned between approaches for software architecture, which concern software artefacts only, and strategic alignment models, which have a business focus. The framework is currently applied in case study research to find alignment patterns used in practice. First results presented in this paper indicate that the framework might yield an operationalization of strategic architecture alignment models. We also present an alignment pattern which shows a difference between how architectures are designed at the application level and the infrastructure level. We think this difference is significant for practical alignment models.
Online Mining of data to generate association rule mining in large databases

Data Mining is a Technology to explore data, analyze the data and finally discovering patterns from large data repository. In this paper, the problem of online mining of association rules in large databases is discussed. Online association rule mining can be applied which helps to remove redundant rules and helps in compact representation of rules for user. In this paper, a new and more optimized algorithm has been proposed for online rule generation. The advantage of this algorithm is that the graph generated in our algorithm has less edge as compared to the lattice used in the existing algorithm. The Proposed algorithm generates all the essential rules also and no rule is missing. The use of non redundant association rules help significantly in the reduction of irrelevant noise in the data mining process. This graph theoretic approach, called adjacency lattice is crucial for online mining of data. The adjacency lattice could be stored either in main memory or secondary memory. The idea of adjacency lattice is to pre store a number of large item sets in special format which reduces disc I/O required in performing the query.
An analysis of textual inference in German customer emails

Human language allows us to express the same meaning in various ways. Recognizing that the meaning of one text can be inferred from the meaning of another can be of help in many natural language processing applications. One such application is the categorization of emails. In this paper, we describe the analysis of a real-world dataset of manually categorized customer emails written in the German language. We investigate the nature of textual inference in this data, laying the ground for developing an inference-based email categorization system. This is the first analysis of this kind on German data. We compare our results to previous analyses on English data and present major differences.
Preventing malicious nodes in ad hoc networks using reinforcement learning

This paper proposes an enhancement to an existing reputation method for indicating and avoiding malicious hosts in wireless ad hoc networks. The proposed method combines a simple reputation scheme with a reinforcement learning technique called the on-policy Monte Carlo method where each mobile host distributedly learns a good policy for selecting neighboring nodes in a path search. Simulation results show that the reputation scheme combined with the reinforcement learning can achieve up to 89% and 29% increase in throughput over the reputation only scheme for the static and dynamic topology case, respectively
Phage-Mediated Acquisition of a Type III Secreted Effector Protein Boosts Growth of Salmonella by Nitrate Respiration

ABSTRACT Information on how emerging pathogens can invade and persist and spread within host populations remains sparse. In the 1980s, a multidrug-resistant Salmonella enterica serotype Typhimurium clone lysogenized by a bacteriophage carrying the sopE virulence gene caused an epidemic among cattle and humans in Europe. Here we show that phage-mediated horizontal transfer of the sopE gene enhances the production of host-derived nitrate, an energetically highly valuable electron acceptor, in a mouse colitis model. In turn, nitrate fuels a bloom of S. Typhimurium in the gut lumen through anaerobic nitrate respiration while suppressing genes for the utilization of energetically inferior electron acceptors such as tetrathionate. Through this mechanism, horizontal transfer of sopE can enhance the fitness of S. Typhimurium, resulting in its significantly increased abundance in the feces. IMPORTANCE During gastroenteritis, Salmonella enterica serotype Typhimurium can use tetrathionate respiration to edge out competing microbes in the gut lumen. However, the concept that tetrathionate respiration confers a growth benefit in the inflamed gut is not broadly applicable to other host-pathogen combinations because tetrathionate respiration is a signature trait used to differentiate Salmonella serotypes from most other members of the family Enterobacteriaceae. Here we show that by acquiring the phage-carried sopE gene, S. Typhimurium can drive the host to generate an additional respiratory electron acceptor, nitrate. Nitrate suppresses genes for the utilization of energetically inferior electron acceptors such as tetrathionate while enhancing the luminal growth of S. Typhimurium through anaerobic nitrate respiration. Pathways for anaerobic nitrate respiration are widely conserved among members of the family Enterobacteriaceae, thereby making our observations relevant to other enteric pathogens whose relative abundance in the intestinal lumen increases during infection. During gastroenteritis, Salmonella enterica serotype Typhimurium can use tetrathionate respiration to edge out competing microbes in the gut lumen. However, the concept that tetrathionate respiration confers a growth benefit in the inflamed gut is not broadly applicable to other host-pathogen combinations because tetrathionate respiration is a signature trait used to differentiate Salmonella serotypes from most other members of the family Enterobacteriaceae. Here we show that by acquiring the phage-carried sopE gene, S. Typhimurium can drive the host to generate an additional respiratory electron acceptor, nitrate. Nitrate suppresses genes for the utilization of energetically inferior electron acceptors such as tetrathionate while enhancing the luminal growth of S. Typhimurium through anaerobic nitrate respiration. Pathways for anaerobic nitrate respiration are widely conserved among members of the family Enterobacteriaceae, thereby making our observations relevant to other enteric pathogens whose relative abundance in the intestinal lumen increases during infection.
The Timing of Bid Placement and Extent of Multiple Bidding: An Empirical Investigation Using eBay Online Auctions

Online auctions are fast gaining popularity in today's electronic commerce. Relative to offline auctions, there is a greater degree of multiple bidding and late bidding in online auctions, an empirical finding by some recent research. These two behaviors (multiple bidding and late bidding) are of ``strategic'' importance to online auctions and hence important to investigate. In this article we empirically measure the distribution of bid timings and the extent of multiple bidding in a large set of online auctions, using bidder experience as a mediating variable. We use data from the popular auction site \url{www.eBay. com} to investigate more than 10,000 auctions from 15 consumer product categories. We estimate the distribution of late bidding and multiple bidding, which allows us to place these product categories along a continuum of these metrics (the extent of late bidding and the extent of multiple bidding). Interestingly, the results of the analysis distinguish most of the product categories from one another with respect to these metrics, implying that product categories, after controlling for bidder experience, differ in the extent of multiple bidding and late bidding observed in them. We also find a nonmonotonic impact of bidder experience on the timing of bid placements. Experienced bidders are ``more'' active either toward the close of auction or toward the start of auction. The impact of experience on the extent of multiple bidding, though, is monotonic across the auction interval; more experienced bidders tend to indulge ``less'' in multiple bidding.