Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Multiple Datasets Tabular Combination Model : Supporting Material for Main Paper 1 Model Description Multiple

Multiple Datasets Tabular Combination (MDTC) Model is designed for pairwise correspondence inference from multiple time series datasets. To simplify our discussion, we use gene regulatory correspondence as a working example, and present how to apply the MDTC Model to infer pairwise regulatory correspondence between transcription factors (TFs) and genes from multiple time series Microarray expression datasets collected under a variety of experimental conditions.
The 10-year anniversary of the European Association for Cardiovascular Prevention and Rehabilitation: achievements and challenges

On the occasion of the 2014 European Society of Cardiology annual congress in Barcelona the European Association for Cardiovascular Prevention and Rehabilitation (EACPR) will celebrate its 10-year anniversary, having been initiated in Munich in 2004. In this article each EACPR president gives their personal recollections and views on the main achievements under their leadership and discusses the challenges for preventive cardiology that still lay ahead.
Impact of Climate Trends on Tick-Borne Pathogen Transmission

Recent advances in climate research together with a better understanding of tick–pathogen interactions, the distribution of ticks and the diagnosis of tick-borne pathogens raise questions about the impact of environmental factors on tick abundance and spread and the prevalence and transmission of tick-borne pathogens. While undoubtedly climate plays a role in the changes in distribution and seasonal abundance of ticks, it is always difficult to disentangle factors impacting on the abundance of tick hosts from those exerted by human habits. All together, climate, host abundance, and social factors may explain the upsurge of epidemics transmitted by ticks to humans. Herein we focused on tick-borne pathogens that affect humans with epidemic potential. Borrelia burgdorferi s.l. (Lyme disease), Anaplasma phagocytophilum (human granulocytic anaplasmosis), and tick-borne encephalitis virus (tick-borne encephalitis) are transmitted by Ixodes spp. Crimean–Congo hemorrhagic fever virus (Crimean–Congo hemorrhagic fever) is transmitted by Hyalomma spp. In this review, we discussed how vector tick species occupy the habitat as a function of different climatic factors, and how these factors impact on tick survival and seasonality. How molecular events at the tick–pathogen interface impact on pathogen transmission is also discussed. Results from statistically and biologically derived models are compared to show that while statistical models are able to outline basic information about tick distributions, biologically derived models are necessary to evaluate pathogen transmission rates and understand the effect of climatic variables and host abundance patterns on pathogen transmission. The results of these studies could be used to build early alert systems able to identify the main factors driving the subtle changes in tick distribution and seasonality and the prevalence of tick-borne pathogens.
The Internet and the Public Sphere: Evidence from Civil Society in Developing Countries

This essay adopts a Freedom‐centred view of development with Political Freedom at its core. It questions the conditions that enable Civil Society in developing countries to use the internet to create (virtual) public spheres. It will begin by reviewing literature on Civil Society and on Habermas’ theorization of the public sphere. It will then analyse the impact of the internet in redefining the public sphere and its contribution to the emergence of the Zapatista effect. Two factors are consequently identified as facilitating a (virtual) public sphere: identity politics in a network environment and the socio‐political conditions. Based on the experience of Civil Society in Tanzania, we will see that these factors cannot be ‘engineered’ as the complexities of the public sphere cannot be overlooked. Future research should focus on the specific contextual elements that create a public sphere in the specific circumstances of developing countries.
THE HISTORY, CHEMISTRY, AND PHARMACOLOGY OF CARISOPRODOL

Administration of meprobamate to suitable patients produces both tranquilization and muscular relaxation (Berger, 1956). Since elimination of one of these two actions not only could yield new and useful drugs, but might also shed some light on the interrelation between psychic and somatic tension, numerous compounds chemically related to meprobamate (Berger, 1954) were synthesized and subjected to pharmacological evaluation. Of these, N-isopropyl-2-methyl-Zpropyl-l , 3-propanediol dicarbamate (FIGURE l), called carisoprodol (Soma, Rela), which differs from meprobamate in having an isopropyl group in place of a hydrogen atom on one of the carbamyl nitrogens, appeared of unusual interest (Berger, 1959). This relatively simple substitution yielded a compound that was surprisingly unlike meprobamate in pharmacological properties (Berger el al., 1959). Carisoprodol not only had an entirely different profile of effects on the central nervous system but, in addition, unexpectedly exhibited analgesic properties of an unusual kind. I t melts without decomposition at 92O to 94" C. and dissolves in water to the extent of 0.3 mg. /ml. at 25" C. and 1.4 mg. /ml. at 50" C. It is readily soluble in common organic solvents, but almost insoluble in liquid fats. On boiling with strong acid or alkali, carisoprodol is hydrolyzed to ammonia, isopropylamine, carbon dioxide, and 2-methyl-2-propyl-l , 3-propanediol. I t is stable in dilute acid and alkali, and is not altered by gastric or intestinal juices at 37" C.
Supporting the improvement of learning and teaching in social and institutional context

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Living with a Tabletop: Analysis and Observations of Long Term Office Use of a Multi-Touch Table

Multi-touch tabletops have been the focus of significant recent study but, to date, few devices have moved from prototype to installed use. In this paper, we present observation and analysis of a subject who has used a direct-touch tabletop as his primary computing environment for the past 13 months, driving all manner of applications in a standard MS Windows environment. We present the results of three research instruments: a structured interview with the user, an analysis of touch and click locations when operating in desktop and tabletop modes over several days, and linguistic analysis of email composition over several months. From the product of these instruments we then report on several open avenues for research, including physical parameters, hardware limitations, touch vs. click in the WIMP, and text entry techniques.
Natural killer cell differentiation: insights from knockout and transgenic mouse models and in vitro systems

Summary: In the last few years, the routine development of knockout and transgenic mice and the ease with which rare progenitor populations can be isolated from hematopoietic organs and cultured in vitro has facilitated significant advances in understanding the lineage and development of natural killer (NK) cells. Fluorescence‐activated cell sorter analyses have identified a common lymphoid progenitor capable of giving rise to NK, T, and B cells, confirming the lymphoid origin of NK cells. Knockout and transgenic mouse models have pointed to an absolutely critical role for signals sent through the interleukin (IL)‐2/lS receptor β (CD 122) chain and common γ (γc) chain for NK development. Such signals are likely relayed inside the cell by the tyrosine kinase Jak3, which associates with γc. Recently developed IL‐15 and IL‐15 receptor a knockout mice have pinpointed IL‐15 as the mediator of this signal. Other mouse models have indicated an unexpected role for flt3 ligand in early NK‐cell development as well as minor roles for stem cell factor and IL‐7 in expanding NK‐cell progenitor numbers. Finally, in vitro culture systems have proven useful in identifying the point in NK development at which each of these signals is critical.
The Coping with Anxiety Questionnaire: A Replication and Extension

In a recent questionnaire study Watts (1989) examined coping strategies including attentional and “self talk” strategies used by agoraphobics. This paper reports the findings of a revised coping with anxiety questionnaire administered to over 200 agoraphobic subjects to examine two issues raised by the Watts' study: firstly, the existence of discrete factors related to distraction techniques and focused attention to anxiety cues; and secondly, perceived levels of voluntary control in relation to different coping strategies. The results partially confirmed the factor analytic results obtained by Watts, although there was no evidence for discrete attentional factors related to distraction or calm focused attention. There was evidence consistent with the claim that self talk strategies are largely under voluntary control. The implications of the results for treatment are discussed.
Advanced user interfaces for product management systems

Few of today's EPDM (electronic product data management) systems make use of valuable approaches in user interface design and information visualization as suggested by researchers. In this paper, we describe a design approach addressing the problems of searching, browsing, visualizing and filtering information in hierarchically structured graphs. The main problem areas we identified are the amount of data, the possibly complex hierarchical structure in combination with a chronological versioning system and last the collaboration between different users. Working with such data spaces it is hard for users to keep a good overview on the one hand and to narrow the information space as required by the user tasks on the other hand. Additionally, the design of interaction and filter concepts for complex hierarchical networks remains a great challenge. We propose a design concept that makes use of different visualization and interaction techniques based mainly on overview and detail, filtering and zoomable components. In solving the visualization, search and filter problems of such PLM/EPDM data spaces we take a step forward to a fully optimized product lifecycle and the integration.
Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 Tat binds to Candida albicans, inducing hyphae but augmenting phagocytosis in vitro

Tat, the human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV‐1) transactivating protein, binds through its RGD‐motif to human integrin receptors. Candida albicans, the commonest cause of mucosal candidiasis in subjects infected with HIV‐1, also possesses RGD‐binding capacity. The present study reveals that Tat binds to C. albicans but not to C. tropicalis. Tat binding was markedly reduced by laminin and to a lesser extent by a complement C3 peptide containing the RGD motif, but not by a control peptide. The outgrowth of C. albicans was accelerated following binding of Tat, but phagocytosis of opsonized C. albicans was also increased after Tat binding. Thus, Tat binding promotes fungal virulence by inducing hyphae but may also reduce it by augmenting phagocytosis. The net effect of Tat in vivo is difficult to judge but in view of the many disease‐promoting effects of Tat we propose that accelerating the formation of hyphae dominates over the augmentation of phagocytosis.
Novel Associations of CPS1, MUT, NOX4, and DPEP1 With Plasma Homocysteine in a Healthy Population: A Genome-Wide Evaluation of 13 974 Participants in the Women’s Genome Health Study

Background—Homocysteine is a sulfur amino acid whose plasma concentration has been associated with the risk of cardiovascular diseases, neural tube defects, and loss of cognitive function in epidemiological studies. Although genetic variants of MTHFR and CBS are known to influence homocysteine concentration, common genetic determinants of homocysteine remain largely unknown. Methods and Results—To address this issue comprehensively, we performed a genome-wide association analysis, testing 336 469 single-nucleotide polymorphisms in 13 974 healthy white women. Although we confirm association with MTHFR (1p36.22; rs1801133; P=8.1×10−35) and CBS (21q22.3; rs6586282; P=3.2×10−10), we found novel associations with CPS1 (2q34; rs7422339; P=1.9×10−11), MUT (6p12.3; rs4267943; P=2.0×10−9), NOX4 (11q14.3; rs11018628; P=9.6×10−12), and DPEP1 (16q24.3; rs1126464; P=1.2×10−12). The associations at MTHFR, DPEP1, and CBS were replicated in an independent sample from the PROCARDIS study, whereas the association at CPS1 was only replicated among the women. Conclusions—These associations offer new insight into the biochemical pathways involved in homocysteine metabolism and provide opportunities to better delineate the role of homocysteine in health and disease.
Perspectives on Quorum sensing in Fungi

Keeping a pace with Quorum sensing, analyzing communication shows the close co-evolution of fungi with organisms present in their environment giving insights into multispecies communication. Subsequently, many examples of cell density dependent regulation by extracellular factors have been found in diverse microorganisms. The widespread incidence of diverse quorum-sensing systems strongly suggests that regulation in accordance with cell density is important for the success of microbes in many environments. The paper includes the basic autoregulatory quorum sensing molecules that has been perceived. Although fungal quorum sensing research is still in its infancy, its discovery has changed our views about the fungal kingdom and could eventually lead to the development of new antifungal therapeutics.
Embolized Stems Recover Overnight in Zea mays: The Role of Soil Water, Root Pressure, and Nighttime Transpiration

It is not currently well-understood how much xylem conductance is lost in maize plants during the day, if conductance is recovered during the night, or what soil water conditions are required for recovery to take place. To answer these questions we designed a greenhouse experiment whereby two genetically dissimilar maize genotypes were subjected to a level of water stress commonly experienced in the field (Ψxylem ∼-2 MPa). We then measured the loss of stem-specific conductivity associated with this level of stress, as well as the overnight recovery following three re-watering treatments: Ψsoil ∼ 0 MPa, Ψsoil ∼-0.40 MPa, and Ψsoil ∼-1.70 MPa. Mid-day leaf water potentials of -1.98 MPa resulted in stem-specific conductivity (KS) values that were 31.5% of maximal (i.e., 68% loss). Returning soils to field capacity (Ψsoil ∼ 0 MPa) overnight allowed for the significant recovery of KS (76% of maximal), whereas partial watering (Ψsoil ∼-0.40 MPa) resulted KS values that were 51.7% of maximal values, whereas not watering resulted in no recovery (35.4% of maximal; Ψsoil ∼-1.7 MPa). Recovery of KS was facilitated by the generation of root pressure and low rates of nighttime transpiration.
A Novel Software Platform for Medical Image Processing and Analyzing

The design of software platform for medical imaging application has been increasingly prioritized as the sophisticated application of medical imaging. With this demand, we have designed and implemented a novel software platform in traditional object-oriented fashion with some common design patterns. This platform integrates the mainstream algorithms for medical image processing and analyzing within a consistent framework, including reconstruction, segmentation, registration, visualization, etc., and provides a powerful tool for both scientists and engineers. The overall framework and certain key technologies are introduced in detail. Presented experiment examples, numerous downloads, extensive uses, and practical applications commendably demonstrate the validity and flexibility of the platform.
On Clustering Tasks in IC-Optimal Dags

Strategies are developed for "fattening" the tasks of computation-dags so as to accommodate the heterogeneity of remote clients in Internet-based computing (IC). Earlier work has developed the underpinnings of IC-scheduling theory, an algorithmic framework for scheduling computations having intertask dependencies for IC. The theory's schedules strive to render tasks eligible for execution at the maximum possible rate, so as to: (a) utilize remoteclients' computational resources well, by enhancing the likelihood of having work to allocate to an available client; (b) lessen the likelihood of a computation's stalling for lack of tasks that are eligible for allocation. The current study begins to enhance IC-scheduling theory so that it can accommodate the varying computational resources of remote clients. The techniques developed here render a dag multi-granular by clustering its tasks. Several clustering strategies are developed: one works for any dag but produces only a limited variety of "fattened" tasks; others exploit the detailed structure of the dag being scheduled but allow a broad range of "fattened" tasks.
Personalistic leadership, party politics, and the quality of democracy: the case of Italy

Italian political history has not been marked by the presence of major political leaders. Only exceptionally have leadership figures, such as the Risorgimento hero Giuseppe Garibaldi, played a significant and widely acclaimed role. Others, especially Benito Mussolini, were associated with the authoritarian regime of the interwar period, therefore contributing to the general distrust of powerful leaders. This paper explores what have been, and are, the cultural and institutional obstacles to the emergence of powerful leaders. The most important can be found in the presence of widely shared anti-political sentiments. In the post–Second World War period, the prevailing attitude of dislike of strong leaders was expressed by both major parties, the Christian Democrats and the Communists. This dislike was institutionalised in the Italian Constitution, which provides for a traditional model of weak parliamentary government. In spite of Silvio Berlusconi’s emphasis on his personal leadership qualities, or perhaps precisely because of his extreme personalisation, mistrust of possibly dominant political leaders remains widespread. Its consequences do not seem to be positive for the quality of Italian democracy.
Qualities of food

In this book, the complexity and the significance of the foods we eat are analysed from a variety of perspectives, by sociologists, economists, geographers and anthropologists. Chapters address a number of intriguing questions: how do people make judgments about taste? How do such judgments come to be shared by groups of people? ; What social and organisational processes result in foods being certified as of decent or proper quality? How has dissatisfaction with the food system been expressed? What alternatives are thought to be possible? The multi-disciplinary analysis of this book explores many different answers to such questions. The first part of the book focuses on theoretical and conceptual issues, the second part considers processes of formal and informal regulation, while the third part examines social and political responses to industrialised food production and mass consumption. Qualities of food will be of interest to researchers and students in all the social science disciplines that are concerned with food, whether marketing, sociology, cultural studies, anthropology, human nutrition or economics.
A new realization of left-handed transmission lines employing a coaxial waveguide structure

The paper proposes the use of a coaxial waveguide structure to realize a left-handed transmission line (LH-TL) structure. The structure consists of periodic arrays of split-ring resonators (SRRs) and capacitively loaded strips (CLSs) mounted radially on the inner conductor. The coaxial waveguide structure provides a suitable guided environment to measure the characteristics of negative index materials (NIMs). The paper also presents a modified SRR structure that offers more than 45% size reduction in comparison with the traditional SRR. A coaxial waveguide structure housing a unit-cell of the proposed SRR is fabricated and tested. The experimental results confirm the validity of the proposed concept.
Predicting insurance for sustainable development using gradient methods based neural networks

This paper compares the development of neural network based prediction models for sustainable insurance using gradient techniques for training of the network. Convergence of different gradient algorithms is compared on data sets taken from life insurance in the rural sector. For applying these gradient based algorithms, prediction models based on neural networks are simulated in MATLAB Neural Network Toolbox. Method of supervised learning is adopted for learning of multilayer feed forward perceptron networks along with these gradient based algorithms of error reduction under consideration.
A Background of a Volatile Plant Compound Alters Neural and Behavioral Responses to the Sex Pheromone Blend in a Moth

Recognition of intra-specific olfactory signals within a complex environment of plant-related volatiles is crucial for reproduction in male moths. Sex pheromone information is detected by specific olfactory receptor neurons (Phe-ORNs), highly abundant on the male antenna. The information is then transmitted to the pheromone processing macroglomerular complex (MGC) within the primary olfactory center, the antennal lobe, where it is processed by local interneurons and projection neurons. Ultimately a behavioral response, orientation toward the pheromone source, is elicited. Volatile plant compounds (VPCs) are detected by other functional types of olfactory receptor neurons (ORNs) projecting in another area of the antennal lobe. However, Phe-ORNs also respond to some VPCs. Female-produced sex pheromones are emitted within a rich environment of VPCs, some of which have been shown to interfere with the detection and processing of sex pheromone information. As interference between the different odor sources might depend on the spatial and temporal features of the two types of stimuli, we investigated here behavioral and neuronal responses to a brief sex pheromone blend pulse in a VPC background as compared to a control background in the male noctuid moth Agrotis ipsilon. We observed male orientation behavior in a wind tunnel and recorded responses of Phe-ORNs and MGC neurons to a brief sex pheromone pulse within a background of individual VPCs. We also recorded the global input signal to the MGC using in vivo calcium imaging with the same stimulation protocol. We found that VPCs eliciting a response in Phe-ORNs and MGC neurons masked responses to the pheromone and decreased the contrast between background odor and the sex pheromone at both levels, whereas α-pinene did not interfere with first order processing. The calcium signal produced in response to a VPC background was tonic, lasting longer than the VPC stimulus duration, and masked entirely the pheromone response. One percent heptanal and linalool, in addition to the masking effect, caused a clear delay in responses of MGC neurons to the sex pheromone. Upwind flight toward the pheromone in a wind tunnel was also delayed but otherwise not altered by different doses of heptanal.
Absorption of palmitic, stearic and oleic acids in the sheep in the presence or absence of bile and/or pancreatic juice

1. The absorption of 3H‐ and 14C‐labelled palmitic, stearic and oleic acids under control conditions and in the absence of bile and/or pancreatic juice has been studied in sheep prepared with intestinal cannulae and reentrant fistulation of the thoracic lymph duct.