Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Understanding film-induced tourism.

Certain notions become accepted as “truths” by the general public, regardless of their accuracy, particularly if they are repeated with sufficient regularity by so-called “respected” sources, such as those in the popular media. The field of tourism is often a witness to this phenomenon. Arguably, every journalist goes on a holiday of some sort, hence they are all “experts” and often present anecdotal material as such. This view is particularly the case with the concept of film-induced tourism. One example is the continual insistence by those in the popular press that the movie trilogy The Lord of the Rings has dramatically increased tourism visitation to New Zealand. However, research by Tourism New Zealand, along with the emerging work from academics, does little to support this. Attempting to bring some balance into the media hype that surrounds film-induced tourism, this article outlines the extent of film-induced tourism knowledge and current research in the field. Not only does the article examine tourism to sites depicted in film (movies and television series), but also the film studios themselves, particularly those with conscious tourism activities such as theme parks and bookable site tours.
The Corrosion of Electronic Resistors

Precision thick chip resistors are used in a variety of different industries, from telecommunications to automotive electronics, and as such can be exposed to mild and aggressive corrosive environments. This paper investigates the corrosion performance of two generic precision thick chip resistors in a controlled corrosive atmosphere consisting of 60degC, 4 ppm H2S and water vapor in purified air. The resistors were exposed in an environmental chamber for periods of 5, 10, 15, 30, and 60 days. Following exposure, the samples were cross sectioned and subjected to surface analysis using microscopy and microanalysis. After the initial stages of exposure, corrosion was observed on only one of the two types of resistors. The corrosion developed because H2S gas and water vapor diffuses through the thin protective organic layer on the resistor, and subsequently reacts with the silver conductor layer. Corrosion was facilitated by poor overlapping of the solder and nickel layer and, in particular the glass binder over the glass overcoat, which allowed silver and sulphur to diffuse along the interface. In addition, this poor overlapping allowed contact between the nickel layer and the silver layer resulting in the development of an electrochemical corrosion cell. The main corrosion products that developed were silver sulfide (Ag2S) and nickel sulphur residue.
Wages and Unequal Access to Organizational Power: An Empirical Test of Gender Discrimination

This study of Swedish workers investigates gender wage inequality, specifically, whether earnings are affected by the gender composition of establishments' managerial and supervisory staff. Theoretical arguments focus on managers' propensity to create and maintain or to undermine institutionalized gender bias and employees' capacity to mobilize resources and establish claims in the wage distribution process, mainly through social networks. Results show that gender-differentiated access to organizational power structures is essential in explaining women's relatively low wages. Women who work in establishments in which relatively many of the managers are men have lower wages than women with similar qualifications and job demands in establishments with more women in the power structure.
Design Methodology for Yield Enhancement of Switched-Capacitor Analog Integrated Circuits

Device mismatch plays an important role in the design of accurate analog circuits. The common centroid structure is commonly employed to reduce device mismatches caused by symmetrical layouts and processing gradients. Among the candidate placements generated by the common centroid approach, however, whichever achieves better matching is generally difficult to be determined without performing the time-consuming yield evaluation process. In addition, this rule-based methodology makes it difficult to achieve acceptable matching between multiple capacitors and to handle an irregular layout area. Based on a spatial correlation model, this study proposed a design methodology for yield enhancement of analog circuits using switched-capacitor techniques. An efficient and effective placement generator is developed to derive a placement for a circuit to achieve the highest or near highest correlation coefficient and thus accomplishing a better yield performance. A simple yield analysis is also developed to evaluate the achieved yield performance of a derived placement. Results show that the proposed methodology derives a placement which achieves better yield performance than those generated by the common centroid approach.
ANÁLISE DA DOMINAÇÃO DE MEMBROS TOMADORES OU POUPADORES DE RECURSOS NAS COOPERATIVAS DE CRÉDITO MINEIRAS

The aim of this study was to identify the dominance behavior in credit unions affiliated to the Sicoob-Crediminas system in Minas Gerais state, Brazil. Borrower-dominated unions are those that offer low borrowing rates and also low saving rates, while saver-dominated unions practice higher rates for savings as well as for loans. The results indicate that Sicoob-Crediminas unions are dominated by borrowing members, with better savings and loan rates, in comparison to the rates committed by the banking system.
The optimum dietary amino acid pattern for growing pigs

A series of four nitrogen-balance experiments was carried out with growing pigs to determine the optimum balance amongst the amino acids in the diet. The reduction in N retention when 20 % of a single amino acid was removed from the diet was used to calculate a dietary amino acid pattern in which each amino acid would he equally limiting. A mixture of amino acids simulating the amino acid pattern of casein was used with the same efficiency as casein. From two successive deletion experiments an optimum balance amongst the essential amino acids was derived. Expressed relative to lysine = 100 this had threonine 72, valine 75, methionine + cystine 63, isoleucine 60, leucine 110, phenylalanine + tryosine 120, tryptophan 18. No estimate was made for histidine. Essential amino acids in this pattern were mixed with non-essential amino acids in ratios of 36:64 up to 57:43. The highest efficiency of N retention was achieved with diets having a ratio of at least 45:55. This included (g/16 g N) lysine 6 5, threonine 4.7, valine 4 9, methionine + cystine 4.1, isoleucine 3 9, leucine 7.2, phenylalanine + tyrosine 7.8, tryptophan 12. The N of diets with this amino acid pattern was utilized significantly better than when the pattern proposed by the Agricultural Research Council (1981) was used. The flow of amino acids past the terminal ileum of pigs given the semi-synthetic diet with this amino acid pattern was no greater than that observed with protein-free diets. The proposed pattern thus describes the intrinsic requirements of the growing pig for absorbed amino acids.
Empirical Labor Economics: The Search Approach

This book is suitable for graduates taking courses in labour economics which use a search approach. The economics of search has become a part of the standard graduate curriculum and deals with the costs and benefits to individual workers - either employed or unemployed - of seeking a job with the highest possible pay. This book surveys the empirical literature on the economics of search in a systematic manner.
Factors that Influences Pedestrian Intention to Cross a Road While using Mobile Phone

The article deals with the problems of government regulation of advertising industry in the member states of the Eurasian Economic Union (EAEU). The main purpose of the study includes evaluation of attitudes to the moral issues in advertising practice as well as government policy on the problem of unethical advertising. The study applies methodological framework of policy analysis toward the regulation of unethical advertising in the countries of the EAEU. The authors find out that there is no coherent public policy in this field in the EAEU. While Russia attempts to apply international standards with self-regulation mechanisms in order to deal with unethical advertisements, the other member states prefer to use strict governmental control. In Russia, there are two opposite tendencies: while mass media assign part of regulation to the government, the government does not want to adopt this role. The courts in Russia prefer reactive regulation of advertising, usually trying to evade even obvious law cases. At the same time, facing no resistance from either governments or societies, some part of advertising industry tends to abuse ethic norms. The authors claim that this situation undermines the process of integration and differs significantly advertising industry in the countries of EAEU from advertising, for example, in the member states of the European Union. Keywords: Eurasian Economic Union, advertising, government regulation, ethics, policy analysis JEL Classifications: M3; K2; F2; F6
Online Nation: Five Years of Growth in Online Learning.

All rights reserved. Published 2008 US $29.95 Online Nation: Five Years of Growth in Online Learning – Western Edition represents the first report on the state of online learning among higher education institutions in the fourteen western states. The study is aimed at answering some of the fundamental questions about the nature and extent of online education. Based on responses from nearly 400 colleges and universities, the report addresses the following key questions:
Making Savers Winners: An Overview of Prize-Linked Savings Products

For over three centuries and throughout the globe, people have enthusiastically bought savings products that incorporate lottery elements. In lieu of paying traditional interest to all investors proportional to their balances, these Prize Linked Savings (PLS) accounts distribute periodic sizeable payments to some investors using a lottery-like drawing where an investor's chances of winning are proportional to one's account balances. This paper describes these products, provides examples of their use, argues for their potential popularity in the United States --especially to low and moderate income non-savers--and discusses the laws and regulations in the United States that largely prohibit their issuance.
Human Ku70/80 Protein Blocks Exonuclease 1-mediated DNA Resection in the Presence of Human Mre11 or Mre11/Rad50 Protein Complex*

Background: Pathway choice for the repair of double strand breaks is not fully understood. Results: Human Ku blocks exonuclease 1-mediated DNA processing in the presence of Mre11 or Mre11/Rad50. Conclusion: Unlike in yeast, the displacement of Ku from DNA ends is not mediated by Mre11 or the Mre11/Rad50 complex. Significance: Pathway choice between nonhomologous end-joining and homologous recombination is likely more complex than simple competition between the two pathways. DNA double strand breaks (DSB) are repaired by nonhomologous end-joining (NHEJ) or homologous recombination (HR). Recent genetic data in yeast shows that the choice between these two pathways for the repair of DSBs is via competition between the NHEJ protein, Ku, and the HR protein, Mre11/Rad50/Xrs2 (MRX) complex. To study the interrelationship between human Ku and Mre11 or Mre11/Rad50 (MR), we established an in vitro DNA end resection system using a forked model dsDNA substrate and purified human Ku70/80, Mre11, Mre11/Rad50, and exonuclease 1 (Exo1). Our study shows that the addition of Ku70/80 blocks Exo1-mediated DNA end resection of the forked dsDNA substrate. Although human Mre11 and MR bind to the forked double strand DNA, they could not compete with Ku for DNA ends or actively mediate the displacement of Ku from the DNA end either physically or via its exonuclease or endonuclease activity. Our in vitro studies show that Ku can block DNA resection and suggest that Ku must be actively displaced for DNA end processing to occur and is more complicated than the competition model established in yeast.
Revisiting Firm Life Cycle Theory for New Directions in Finance

In the field of finance, the arguments for and against the goal of shareholder value maximization often arise due to: (i) the lack of distinction between the short-run and the long-run corporate performance and objectives, and (ii) the exclusion of time dimension from both theory and practice of financial management. Recently, a new line of research has emerged focusing on how financial decisions evolve over time, thus highlighting the importance of understanding both historical developments and the requirements of subsequent stages of firm, industry and economic development. In this paper, I revisit firm life cycle theory and propose that it can be used as a unifying, coherent framework for adopting a wider view of the firm and its objectives. I conclude by identifying several new directions in research, teaching and practice of finance from firm life cycle perspective.
Trade union decline and what next : is Germany a special case?

This paper commences with a survey of international trends in union membership, union density and collective bargaining, while focusing on the comparative position of trade unions in Germany. The author considers three hypotheses concerning the development of unionism in recent decades. The first one is that globalisation and structural change in the economy and labour market pull all countries towards a neo-liberal convergence of which union decline is one manifestation. The second predicts that resilient national institutions of collective bargaining and union-employer cooperation enable continued divergence in unionization levels across Western economies. The third one, which seems particularly relevant for Germany, states that feedback mechanisms from internal diversity among both employers and workers trigger processes of institutional destabilisation and decline from which both employers associations and unions suffer. In the final part of the paper the author gives a number of theoretical and empirical reasons why reversing union decline is very difficult and presents a major challenge for unions in Germany and elsewhere.
Determinants of Earnings Benchmarks in the Spanish Hotel Industry

This paper focuses on an avoidance of earnings decreases and losses hypothesis in the Spanish hotel industry. In the first step, the earnings distribution (levels and changes in earnings related to one year against the previous year) is analysed to determine whether there is a discontinuity (that is, a ‘kink’) at the zero point. The methodology used is frequency histograms. The existence of a kink in the earnings distribution is an approximation of earnings management to avoid losses and earnings decreases (Burgstahler and Dichev, 1997). In the second step, the incidence of certain variables in the critical intervals of the frequency distribution (small losses against small profits and small decreases in earnings against small increases in earnings) is tested. In this context, the paper's purpose is to identify a set of variables that determine different behaviour around the benchmarks.
Collective Wage Agreements and Firms’ Employment Policies

This paper provides evidence on the way collective wage agreements affect the adjustment of employment, working hours and other production factors when servicedsector firms are faced with demand shocks. The estimation results indicate that collective wage agreements significantly influence firms' employment policies. It is shown that recruitment is a widespread instrument for service firms to cope with demand fluctuations which are negatively affected by collective wage agreements. The employment of freelance workers is also negatively affected by collective wage agreements, while their effect on using shortdterm employment contracts as a reaction to demand shocks is positive. Copyright Fondazione Giacomo Brodolini and Blackwell Publishers Ltd 2001.
Development of Face-Cooled Tunable Double-Disk Sapphire Window for 42-GHz 200-kW Gyrotron

Window happens to be the most critical and vulnerable component in high-power gyrotrons. A face-cooled tunable double-disk sapphire window has been developed primarily for a 42-GHz 200-kW gyrotron. The critical issues like: sapphire-to-metal joining, electrical simulation, thermal analysis, structural analysis of the window, and its low-power characterizations in TE03 mode have been discussed. The return loss and insertion loss have been measured to be -29 and -0.12 dB, respectively. The window has been attached to the first Indian gyrotron and vacuum processed successfully.
High-Involvement Management

Part One: The Promise of Participative Management 1. Changing Approaches to Management 2. Why Participative Approaches Meet Today's Needs 3. Participation and Organizational Effectiveness Part Two: Participative Programs: What Works and Does Not Work 4. Quality Circles 5. Employee Survey Feedback 6. Job Enrichment 7. Work Teams 8. Union-Management Quality-of-Work-Life Programs 9. Gainsharing 10. New-Design Plants Part Three: High-Involvement Management: Creating an Effective Approach to Participation 11. How High-Involvement Management Works 12. Managing the Change to a High-Involvement Organization.
A novel double-T-shaped microstrip resonator and its design for microwave filter

In this paper, a novel double-T-shaped microstrip resonator is presented, and its electromagnetic field distribution, resonant frequency and quality factor are computed and analyzed. A novel double-T-shaped microstrip bandstop filter is designed and its filter performance is simulated and analyzed as well. The results show that the filter has outstanding virtues such as wide bandwidth, high attenuation and no parasitical passband in stopband. The filter can be applied in RF circuit for its simple structure, easy manufacture, low cost
HRM: A Case of the Wolf in Sheep′s Clothing?

Paradoxically, the emergence of Human Resource Management (HRM) represents both a challenge and an opportunity to the practice of personnel management. Conventional personnel management is being out‐moded to be superseded by an approach to employees which seemingly promises to put “people issues” at the centre of strategic decision making. The debate about HRM has been confused and confusing because it has failed to clearly identify the distinctive forms of management – as well as personnel – practice to which the term HRM has been applied. This confusion only serves to mask the important moral issues HRM poses for personnel practitioners.
The role of public involvement in wildlife‐livestock conflicts: The case of Narok ranchers in Kenya

Abstract Economic activity associated with wildlife is an important source of foreign exchange in Kenya. Not surprisingly, the needs and interests of those involved in this sector are given due consideration. The exception is the farmers and ranchers who live among the wildlife and whose cooperation is necessary for maintaining this resource. As a result, farmers and ranchers have developed increasingly negative attitudes toward wildlife. On the basis of field study data collected in the Narok District of Kenya, the article argues that ranchers have in the past derived traditional and economic uses from wildlife and that their acquired negative attitude is a result of their exclusion from involvement in the design and planning of wildlife projects and policies. Four strategies for dealing with this potential conflict and incorporating ranchers and farmers into the wildlife economic sector are discussed: (1) involving the ranchers in planning and implementing wildlife projects, (2) strengthening wildlife e.
National Cancer Institute Drug Information System 3D Database

A searcheable database of three-dimensional structures has been developed from the chemistry database of the NCI Drug Information System (DIS), a file of about 450,000 primarily organic compounds which have been tested by NCI for anticancer activity. The DIS database is very similar in size and content to the proprietary databases used in the pharmaceutical industry; its development began in the 1950s; and this history led to a number of problems in the generation of 3D structures.
Local bargaining and codetermination: Finnish experience in comparative perspective

The decentralization of collective bargaining raises important issues, especially in the Nordic countries, where collective bargaining is centralized at industry level. These countries also have a ‘single channel’ of representation through trade union structures at both national and workplace levels, in contrast to much of Europe where there is a formal separation between works councils (as bodies for consultation and codetermination) and trade unions (as bodies for collective bargaining). This article reports research findings from Finland, where strong union branches have better capabilities in conducting the simultaneous tasks. If unions cannot actively develop the agenda for local bargaining, further experimentation in joint consultation can be expected, and this will provide a real test for the authority of local unions. The findings have broader implications for Nordic industrial relations.
Historic versus output-based allocation of GHG tradable allowances: a comparison

Two ways of allocating greenhouse gas (GHG) allowances are compared: historic allocation (HA) based solely on past information, and output-based allocation (OBA) based on an allocation proportional to the current output level. The advantages and problems of each allocation method are considered and compared. It is essential to distinguish the sectors sheltered from international competition (e.g. power generation) from the exposed sectors. In the sheltered sectors, OBA entails a much higher overall cost because it provides too little incentive to reduce the production of the polluting goods. HA does not suffer from this drawback but its distributional impact is highly unfair. Hence in these sectors neither of these two ways of freely allocating allowances can be supported, and auctioning should be favoured. However, in the exposed sectors, OBA is an option worth considering because it reduces carbon leakage, although it also suffers from some drawbacks compared with auctioning.
Mesh Convolutional Restricted Boltzmann Machines for Unsupervised Learning of Features With Structure Preservation on 3-D Meshes

Discriminative features of 3-D meshes are significant to many 3-D shape analysis tasks. However, handcrafted descriptors and traditional unsupervised 3-D feature learning methods suffer from several significant weaknesses: 1) the extensive human intervention is involved; 2) the local and global structure information of 3-D meshes cannot be preserved, which is in fact an important source of discriminability; 3) the irregular vertex topology and arbitrary resolution of 3-D meshes do not allow the direct application of the popular deep learning models; 4) the orientation is ambiguous on the mesh surface; and 5) the effect of rigid and nonrigid transformations on 3-D meshes cannot be eliminated. As a remedy, we propose a deep learning model with a novel irregular model structure, called mesh convolutional restricted Boltzmann machines (MCRBMs). MCRBM aims to simultaneously learn structure-preserving local and global features from a novel raw representation, local function energy distribution. In addition, multiple MCRBMs can be stacked into a deeper model, called mesh convolutional deep belief networks (MCDBNs). MCDBN employs a novel local structure preserving convolution (LSPC) strategy to convolve the geometry and the local structure learned by the lower MCRBM to the upper MCRBM. LSPC facilitates resolving the challenging issue of the orientation ambiguity on the mesh surface in MCDBN. Experiments using the proposed MCRBM and MCDBN were conducted on three common aspects: global shape retrieval, partial shape retrieval, and shape correspondence. Results show that the features learned by the proposed methods outperform the other state-of-the-art 3-D shape features.