Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Dynamic modelling of post-collisional magmatism

This study addresses the question of post-collisional magmatism and its production mechanisms, addressing especially the mantle processes involved. Numerical experiments are conducted to examine the effects of viscosity weakening by subduction related water content increase in the upper mantle and the resulting sub-lithospheric small-scale convection. The models presented incorporate parameterized and thermodynamic melting models, and take into account variable relationships between mantle water content, mantle strength, water extraction by partial melting and related depletion stiffening. The results demonstrate the possible importance of so called ”hydrous activation” of the lithosphere-asthenosphere boundary: The post-collisional loss of the lithospheric mantle can be initiated and augmented by the elevated upper mantle water contents that enhances the sub-lithospheric small-scale convection, increases heat flow into the lithosphere, and produces localized lithosphere thin- ning. The irregular spatial and temporal melting patterns and the mantle melt volumes correspond to typical post-collisional mantle-derived magmatism. The small-scale convection can be localized into an edge-driven convection by significant lithosphere thickness gradients, e.g. craton edges. This helps to understand the uplift and volcanism observed in intraplate orogenic settings and implies the importance of these processes at other locations of lithosphere thickness gradients, e.g. recent collision zones. The lithospheric thinning produced by small-scale convection can initiate whole lithosphere mantle loss via positive feedback mechanisms: gradual thinning of the lithosphere causes partial melting in the lowermost crust, weakening the crust-mantle boundary and providing a detachment mechanism for the lithospheric mantle, leading to stronger lithosphere thinning and, finally, exposure of the lower crust to the hot asthenosphere. Small-scale convection and processes related to or initiated by it offer new insight and future research possibilities in studies of continental collision magmatism.
arrA Is a Reliable Marker for As(V) Respiration

Arsenate [As(V)]-respiring bacteria affect the speciation and mobilization of arsenic in the environment. This can lead to arsenic contamination of drinking water supplies and deleterious consequences for human health. Using molecular genetics, we show that the functional gene for As(V) respiration, arrA, is highly conserved; that it is required for As(V) reduction to arsenite when arsenic is sorbed onto iron minerals; and that it can be used to identify the presence and activity of As(V)-respiring bacteria in arsenic-contaminated iron-rich sediments. The expression of arrA thus can be used to monitor sites in which As(V)-respiring bacteria may be controlling arsenic geochemistry.
Brief Overview

My primary research interests are in Machine Learning, Algorithmic Game Theory, and Algorithms, as well as on the interactions between these areas and other areas of Computer Science and Economics. The common thread of my work is a rigorous study of real world problems, involving both the development of mathematical models and the design of algorithms and tools for their analysis. New Frameworks and Algorithms for Machine Learning I am particularly excited by problems that explore new frontiers of learning, and as a consequence a significant part of my work has focused on providing theoretical models for important new learning paradigms which are not captured by existing theoretical frameworks. Over the years, Machine Learning has grown into a broad discipline that has produced fundamental theories of learning processes, as well as learning algorithms that are routinely used in commercial systems. The primary theoretical advances have been for supervised learning problems [24], where a target function (e.g., a classifier) is estimated using only labeled examples. For example, in spam detection an automatic classifier to label emails as spam or not would be trained using a sample of previous emails labeled by a human user. However, for most contemporary practical problems there is often useful additional information available in form of cheap and plentiful unlabeled data: e.g., unlabeled emails for the spam detection problem. As a consequence, there has recently been substantial interest in using unlabeled data to improve learning. Several different algorithmic approaches have been developed and numerous successful experimental results have been reported. However, the underlying assumptions of these methods are quite different and their effectiveness cannot be explained by standard learning models. In my work I provide foundational theoretical understanding for these new learning techniques. For example, I have developed a comprehensive theoretical framework [4, 5] that provides a unified way for thinking about Semi-Supervised Learning (a learning paradigm in which the learning algorithm can use unlabeled examples in addition to labeled examples). My model appears in a recent book about Semi-Supervised Learning [5] and it can explain when and why unlabeled data can help in many of the specific methods in all the other chapters of the book. In the context of Active Learning (a paradigm in which the algorithm can interactively ask for the labels of unlabeled examples of its own choosing), I have presented theoretical justification for margin-based algorithms [14] which have proven quite successful in …
Rheology and Flow Emplacement Processes of the 1954 Lavas, Mount Ngauruhoe

i The rheology and emplacement dynamics of basaltic a nd rhyolitic lava flows have been studied extensively, leading to the developmen t of umerous rheological and flow behaviour models; however, the flow dynamics o f more intermediate composition lavas, particularly those emplaced on r elatively steep slopes, is less well-constrained. The 1954-55 eruption of Mount Nga uruhoe, a young, composite cone of the Tongariro Volcanic Centre, generated at le st 11, well-preserved, spatter-fed, basaltic andesite a’a lavas on the ste ep, north-west flanks of the cone. The rheological properties and flow dynamics of the se lavas are quantified by incorporating morphological, petrographic and geoch mical data collected from these flow deposits into a range of existing numeri cal models, and the results compared with documented eye-witness accounts. The lava flow deposits are typically long, narrow, discrete units characterised by comparable morphological traits on the steep slopes of the cone and varying in dimension, morphology and flow surface features on the shallower slopes. Flow surfaces are typically autobrecciated and display a large-scale, lateral trend in clast size and morphology across flow widths. The 1 954 lavas are petrographically and geochemically homogenous with no apparent trends associated with successively emplaced lava flows. T he rheological properties of the lavas at the time of initial flow advance are t herefore assumed to be comparable for each flow. Lava viscosity was estima ted at 10 to 10 Pa s for the temperature range 1150 to 950 °C. Yield strength was difficult to quantify but is assumed in this study to be relatively low (~ 25 Pa ). Calculated flow velocity, effusion rate and emplacement duration are not well -constrained against documented eye-witness accounts. Mean flow velocity (0.03 to 0.04 m s ) was estimated from eye-witness reports, and used to det ermine flow emplacement durations between ~ 2 to 48 hours, comparable with documented duration times. Effusion rates could not be definitively quantified but flow deposit morphology and documented accounts indicate that intermittent episodes of high effusion rates over a short duration were associated with the empl acement of the 1954 lavas. Three major controls on the emplacement of the 1954 lava flows have been identified. Effusion rate and duration was the prim ary control on the development
A pr 2 01 2 The C l-free process

The Cl-free process starts with the empty graph on n vertices and adds edges chosen uniformly at random, one at a time, subject to the condition that no copy of Cl is created. For every l ≥ 4 we show that, with high probability as n →∞, the maximum degree is O((n log n)), which confirms a conjecture of Bohman and Keevash and improves on bounds of Osthus and Taraz. Combined with previous results this implies that the Cl-free process typically terminates with Θ(n (logn)) edges, which answers a question of Erdős, Suen and Winkler. This is the first result that determines the final number of edges of the more general H-free process for a nontrivial class of graphsH . We also verify a conjecture of Osthus and Taraz concerning the average degree, and obtain a new lower bound on the independence number. Our proof combines the differential equation method with a tool that might be of independent interest: we establish a rigorous way to ‘transfer’ certain decreasing properties from the binomial random graph to the H-free process.
Constraints and biases in a tropospheric two-box model of MCF , CH 4 and

The hydroxyl radical (OH) is the main atmospheric oxidant and the primary sink of the greenhouse gas CH4. In an attempt to constrain atmospheric levels of OH, two recent studies combined a tropospheric two-box model with hemispheric-mean observations of methyl chloroform (MCF) and CH4 (Rigby et al. (2017); Turner et al. (2017)). These studies reached different conclusions concerning the most likely explanation of the renewed CH4 growth rate, which reflects the uncertain and 5 underdetermined nature of the problem. Here, we investigated how the use of a tropospheric two-box model can affect the derived constraints on OH due to simplifying assumptions inherent to a two-box model. To this end, we derived speciesand time-dependent quantities from a full 3D transport model to drive two-box model simulations. Furthermore, we quantified differences between the 3D simulated tropospheric burden and the burden seen by the surface measurement network of the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA). Compared to commonly used parameters in two-box models, we 10 found significant deviations in the magnitude and time-dependence of the interhemispheric exchange rate, exposure to OH, and stratospheric loss rate. Especially for MCF these deviations can be large due to changes in the balance of its sources and sinks over time. We also found that changes in the yearly-averaged tropospheric burden of CH4 and MCF can be obtained within 0.96 ppb/yr and 0.14%/yr by the NOAA surface network, but that substantial systematic biases exist in the interhemispheric mixing ratio gradients that are input to two-box model inversions. 15 To investigate the impact of the identified biases on constraints on OH, we accounted for these biases in a two-box model inversion of MCF and CH4. We found that the sensitivity of interannual OH anomalies to the biases is modest (1-2%), relative to the uncertainties on derived OH (3-4%). However, in an inversion where we implemented all four bias corrections simultaneously, we found a shift to a positive trend in OH concentrations over the 1994-2015 period, compared to the standard inversion. Moreover, the absolute magnitude of derived global mean OH and by extent that of global CH4 emissions were affected much 20 more strongly by the bias corrections than their anomalies (∼10%). Through our analysis, we identified and quantified limitations in the two-box model approach, as well as an opportunity for full 3D simulations to address these limitations. However, we also found that this derivation is an extensive and species-dependent exercise, and that the biases were not always entirely
Woods, wolds and groves : the woodland of medieval Warwickshire

A study of the extent and distribution of Warwickshire's woodland assessing whether much of the country became woodless' and considering whether the increase in arable land was at the expense of wood pasture rather than coppice. Uses topography, the evidence of charters, place-names and Domesay records in a parish by parish survey of the woodland to assess its distribution, appearance and management.
Fully Decentralized Approximate Zero-Forcing Precoding for Massive MIMO Systems

We analyze the downlink of a massive multiuser multiple input, multiple output (MIMO) system where antenna units at the base station are connected in a daisy chain without a central processing unit and only possess local channel knowledge. For this setup, we develop and analyze a linear precoding algorithm for suppressing interuser interference. It is demonstrated that the algorithm is close to zero-forcing precoding in terms of performance for a large number of antennas. Moreover, we show that with careful scheduling of processing across antennas, requirements for interconnection throughput are reduced compared with the fully centralized solution. Favorable tradeoff between performance and interconnection throughput makes the daisy chain a viable candidate topology for real-life implementations of base stations in MIMO systems where the number of antennas is very large.
AMERICAN ASSOCIATION OF WINE ECONOMISTS

Exploiting a natural experiment for New York City restaurants we analyze whether consumers’ quality perception is influenced by newly appearing expert opinion. As the leading restaurant guide Zagat has rated New York City’s restaurants since 1979 by drawing on consumer surveys. In 2005, with the first release of the red Michelin Guide New York City, Zagat faced a serious competition. In contrast to Zagat, Michelin relies on experts. Employing a difference-in-differences approach we analyze whether consumer assessments (Zagat ratings) have responded to Michelin quality assessments. While we do not find any significant Michelin-induced increase in perceived food quality, we find strong Michelin effects on service and décor quality. In addition, the inclusion in the Michelin guide induced substantial price increases. While restaurants that were not Michelin-reviewed can raise their prices in response to food quality improvements, service and décor improvement do not payoff. In contrast, Michelin-reviewed restaurant enjoy substantial returns only to service and décor improvement. Our results suggest that expert opinion on the New York City restaurant market exerts a negative externality on gourmets by giving restaurants incentives to invest mainly in service and décor leading to higher prices.
Topological Solitons in Magnetic Systems

A ferromagnet can often have inhomogeneous states that are protected from decaying into the uniform ground state due to topological reasons. Common examples of such states, known as topological solitons, are domain walls in a ferromagnetic wire and domain walls, vortices and skyrmions in twoand three-dimensional ferromagnets. In this dissertation, we study the statics and dynamics of multiple interacting topological solitons in oneand two-dimensional magnets. The ferromagnetic spin-1/2 Ising chain has domain walls, also known as kinks, as its elementary excitations. Adding a weak transverse magnetic field endows kinks with an ability to move; an additional weak longitudinal field leads to their confinement. In particular, this gives rise to a hierarchy of two-kink bound states. We show that in a two-dimensional system of parallel Ising chains with weak antiferromagnetic interchain coupling, two confined pairs on adjacent chains can form a composite bound state. This work supports the interpretation of an experimentally observed excitation in the spectrum of the quasi one-dimensional magnet CoNb2O6 as a four-kink bound state. ii
AMERICAN ASSOCIATION OF WINE ECONOMISTS

A panel of Italian single households is used to test for rational addiction in alcohol consumption. These monthly consumption data raise problems of measurement errors and unobservable heterogeneity. To deal with the zeros in the dependent variable we adopt a specification based on infrequency of purchase. GMM estimators are used to deal with errors in variables and unobserved heterogeneity. There is evidence that alcohol consumers are actually forward-looking. Past consumption is also significant in explaining current consumption thus detecting the addictive nature of alcohol. Discount rates, the strength of addiction, short and long run price and income elasticities are significant and in line with the theoretical predictions. These results and the inclusion of a number of demographic and geographic characters deliver valuable information for public policy purposes and suggest significant differences driven by individual heterogeneity.
AMERICAN ASSOCIATION OF WINE ECONOMISTS

A vast body of literature exists on estimating hedonic price functions which relate the price of wine to its attributes. Some studies have employed producer specific variables such as quantity sold and producer reputation in hedonic functions to potentially capture supply influences on prices. This paper recognizes that the original Rosen (1974) hedonic theoretic framework excludes producer specific variables from the hedonic price function and justifies their inclusion only for second-stage attribute supply estimation. We use the two-stage Rosen approach employing data from multi-markets for the same wines to identify supply functions. The application to Australian produced wines demonstrates the importance of a wine's quality and age as attributes in inverse supply functions. Counter to expectations a direct relation between producer size and marginal attribute costs is estimated which appears to be due to the method employed rather than the peculiarities of the data.
AMERICAN ASSOCIATION OF WINE ECONOMISTS

What determines wine prices? The question is obviously not new but the most recent papers dealing with this subject tend to go beyond a simple competitive market where the prices are the result of supply and demand. There is more than the price of wine in a bottle. The decision to market wine in a different bottle size is considered to have more to do with the judgment of taste and the feeling of pleasure than other factors. Does size matter? In this short paper we investigate the relationship between price and the size of the bottle for the same wine. We find that in the case of Champagne, the posted price of wine increases more than proportionally with the size of the bottle. However, this result does not fully hold for Bordeaux wines when we consider auction prices for large bottles.
AMERICAN ASSOCIATION OF WINE ECONOMISTS

The price of wine grew at a fast rate between 2001 and 2010 and has since been stagnating. The period of growth may be explained by the rise in the demand from emerging markets and from richest people (the top 1% and 10%), while the stagnation may come from the entry of new varieties causing a crowding/competition e ect on the market. We estimate the generalized model of ideal variety proposed by Hummels and Lugovskyy (2009) that combines these two elements and nd support for this explanation. A 1% increases in GDP per-capita (income e ect) generated an increase in price of 1.13% between 2001 and 2011. In contrast a 1% increase in market size (competition e ect) reduced price by 1.10% over the same period. This paper also analyses these e ects by considering exports of wine according to mode of transport and indirectly evaluates economies of scale in transport of wine exported by plane, boat and road. ∗Université de Pau et des Pays de l'Adour (UPPA), Centre d'Analyse Théorique et de Traitement des Données Economiques (CATT). Corresponding author: fabien.candau@univ-pau.fr †FLORENT.DEISTING@esc-pau.fr ‡We thankfully aknowledge Elisa Dienesch for her help and comments.
Atrous Convolutional Neural Network (ACNN) for Biomedical Semantic Segmentation with Dimensionally Lossless Feature Maps

Deep Convolutional Neural Networks (DCNNs) are showing impressive performances in biomedical semantic segmentation. However, current DCNNs usually use down-sampling layers to achieve significant receptive field increasing and to gain abstract semantic information. These down-sampling layers decrease the spatial dimension of feature maps as well, which is harmful for semantic segmentation. Atrous convolution is an alternative for the down-sampling layer. It could increase the receptive field significantly but also maintain the spatial dimension of feature maps. In this paper, firstly, an atrous rate setting is proposed to achieve the largest and fully-covered receptive field with a minimum number of layers. Secondly, six atrous blocks, three shortcut connections and four normalization methods are explored to select the optimal atrous block, shortcut connection and normalization method. Finally, a new and dimensionally lossless DCNN - Atrous Convolutional Neural Network (ACNN) is proposed with using cascaded atrous II-blocks, residual learning and Fine Group Normalization (FGN). The Right Ventricle (RV), Left Ventricle (LV) and aorta data are used for the validation. The results show that the proposed ACNN achieves comparable segmentation Dice Similarity Coefficients (DSCs) with U-Net, optimized U-Net and the hybrid network, but uses much less parameters. This advantage is considered to benefit from the dimensionally lossless feature maps.
Measuring the quality of interprofessional collaboration in child mental health collaborative care

Objective This pilot study examines the potential utility of the Perception of Interprofessional Collaboration Model and the shared decision-making scales in evaluating the quality of partnership in child mental health collaborative care. Methods Ninety-six primary care professionals working with children and youth responded to an internet survey which included the Perception of Interprofessional Collaboration Model scale (PINCOM-Q) and an adapted version of a shared decision-making scale (Échelle de confort décisionnel, partenaire—ECD-P). The perceptions of child mental health professionals were compared with those of other professionals working with children. Results The PINCOM-Q and the ECD-P scales had an excellent internal consistency and they were moderately correlated. Child mental health professionals’ Individual Interprofessional Collaboration scores from the PINCOM-Q individual aspects subscale were better than that of other child professionals. Conclusion These scales may be interesting instruments to measure the quality of partnership in child mental health collaborative care settings. Research needs to replicate these findings and to determine whether the quality of collaboration is a predictor of mental health outcome.