Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Synthesis and study of optical properties of microstructure flower-shaped ZnO 

In this study, we report the synthesis and optical properties of flower-shaped ZnO which is fabricated successfully using polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) as capping agent by wet chemical method at temperature 60C. The structures and morphologies of flower-shaped ZnO is characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), and Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM) for nonlinear dynamical study of the system of particles. The studies of SEM and TEM have confirmed flower-shaped structure of the ZnO. The UV-vis absorption spectroscopy of the synthesized sample indicates the presence of blue shift. FTIR analysis shows the characteristic absorption of the Zn-O bond. It has been observed in room temperature photoluminescence (PL) spectroscopy of the sample exhibits emission peaks at near band edge (NBE) along with a weak blue emission peak. It is found from the present study that the phenomenon of flower-like microstructure is based on the size and shape of the particles as well as their aggregated forms. Moreover, their optical properties predict the factors responsible in inhibiting microorganisms for which it may lead to some biological applications. Copyright © 2018 VBRI Press.
An infrared study of galactic OH/IR stars - I. An optical/near-IR atlas of the Arecibo sample

In this paper we present optical and near-infrared finding ch arts, accurate astrometry (≈ 1 '' ) and single-epoch near- infrared photometry for 371 IRAS sources, 96% of those included in the so-called 'Arecibo sample of OH/IR stars' (Eder et al. 1988; Lewis et al. 1990a; Chengalur et al. 1993). The main photometric properties of the stars in the sample are presented and discussed as well as the problems found during the process of identification of the optical /near-infrared counterparts. In addition, we also identify suitable reference stars in each field to be used for di fferential photometry purposes in the future. We find that 39% of the sources (144 in number) have no optical c ounterpart, 8 of them being invisible even at near infrared wavelengths. The relative distribution of sources with and without optical counterpart in the IRAS two-colour diagram and their characteristic near infrared colours are interpreted as th e consequence of the increasing thickness of their circumstellar shells. Among the objects not detected at near infrared wavelengths four non-variable sources are proposed to be heavily obscured post-AGB stars which have just very recently left the AGB. Eight additional objects with unusually bright and/or blue near- infrared colours are identified as candidate post-AGB stars and/or proto-planetary nebulae.
Caenorhabditis elegans microRNAs of the let-7 family act in innate immune response circuits and confer robust developmental timing against pathogen stress

Significance Proper animal development requires the robust execution of cell fates under stressful conditions. In Caenorhabditis elegans, reciprocal interactions between heterochronic genes and the p38 innate immune pathway help to coordinate development with pathogen defense. Importantly, the robustness of developmental cell fate expression during infection depends on functional redundancy among genes encoding microRNAs (miRNAs) of the let-7 family. These findings underscore the importance of miRNA pathways in conferring robustness to developmental programs under stressful conditions and highlight roles for heterochronic genes not only as developmental timers but also as modulators of innate immune responses. The let-7 family miRNAs and p38 innate immune pathway are evolutionarily conserved; therefore, this study presents implications for similar integration of these two pathways in other animal systems. Animals maintain their developmental robustness against natural stresses through numerous regulatory mechanisms, including the posttranscriptional regulation of gene expression by microRNAs (miRNAs). Caenorhabditis elegans miRNAs of the let-7 family (let-7-Fam) function semiredundantly to confer robust stage specificity of cell fates in the hypodermal seam cell lineages. Here, we show reciprocal regulatory interactions between let-7-Fam miRNAs and the innate immune response pathway in C. elegans. Upon infection of C. elegans larvae with the opportunistic human pathogen Pseudomonas aeruginosa, the developmental timing defects of certain let-7-Fam miRNA mutants are enhanced. This enhancement is mediated by the p38 MAPK innate immune pathway acting in opposition to let-7-Fam miRNA activity, possibly via the downstream Activating Transcription Factor-7 (ATF-7). Furthermore, let-7-Fam miRNAs appear to exert negative regulation on the worm’s resistance to P. aeruginosa infection. Our results show that the inhibition of pathogen resistance by let-7 involves downstream heterochronic genes and the p38 MAPK pathway. These findings suggest that let-7-Fam miRNAs are integrated into innate immunity gene regulatory networks, such that this family of miRNAs modulates immune responses while also ensuring robust timing of developmental events under pathogen stress.
Paragraph Vector Representation Based on Word to Vector and CNN Learning

Document processing in natural language includes retrieval, sentiment analysis, theme extraction, etc. Classical methods for handling these tasks are based on models of probability, semantics and networks for machine learning. The probability model is \emph{loss of semantic information} in essential, and it influences the processing accuracy. Machine learning approaches include supervised, unsupervised, and semi-supervised approaches, labeled corpora is necessary for semantics model and supervised learning. The method for achieving a reliably labeled corpus is done manually, it is \emph{costly and time-consuming} because people have to read each document and annotate the label of each document. Recently, the continuous CBOW model is efficient for learning high-quality distributed vector representations, and it can capture a large number of precise syntactic and semantic word relationships, this model can be easily extended to learn paragraph, but it \emph{is not precise}. Towards these problems, this paper is devote to develop a new model for learning paragraph vector, we combine the CBOW model and CNNs to establish a new deep learning model. Experimental results show that the new model is better than the CBOW model in semantic relativeness and accuracy in paragraph vector space.
The use of kernel methods for audio events detection

This paper presents an approach for an automatic surveillance system in public transport by analyzing audio signals recorded in the vehicle in order to detect several abnormal behaviors. We try to visualize audio signals by projection methods like PCA and kernel PCA. We use also unsupervised classification (clustering) methods to separate the audio signals into their components precisely we are using K- means and kernel K-means.
Locally Conservative Fluxes for the Continuous Galerkin Method

The standard continuous Galerkin (CG) finite element method for second order elliptic problems suffers from its inability to provide conservative flux approximations, a much needed quantity in many applications. We show how to overcome this shortcoming by using a two-step postprocessing. The first step is the computation of a numerical flux trace defined on element interfaces and is motivated by the structure of the numerical traces of discontinuous Galerkin methods. This computation is nonlocal in that it requires the solution of a symmetric positive definite system, but the system is well conditioned independently of mesh size, so it can be solved at asymptotically optimal cost. The second step is a local element-by-element postprocessing of the CG solution incorporating the result of the first step. This leads to a conservative flux approximation with continuous normal components. This postprocessing applies for the CG method in its standard form or for a hybridized version of it. We present the hybridized version since it allows easy handling of variable-degree polynomials and hanging nodes. Furthermore, we provide an a priori analysis of the error in the postprocessed flux approximation and display numerical evidence suggesting that the approximation is competitive with the approximation provided by the Raviart-Thomas mixed method of corresponding degree.
Biochemical Increase in Phosphorylated Alpha‐Synuclein Precedes Histopathology of Lewy‐Type Synucleinopathies

A key component in Lewy body (LB) pathology in LB disorders is α‐synuclein phosphorylated at serine 129 (pαsyn). However, it is not known if increase in the level of biochemically measurable pαsyn precedes the presence of histologically identified Lewy‐type synucleinopathy (LTS). To gain sights into possible temporal sequence, we measured levels of pαsyn in cingulate and temporal cortices that develop LTS pathology at later stages of LB disorders. Brain homogenates from 128 autopsy cases including normal controls and subjects classified by Unified LTS histopathology staging system were studied. We found that biochemically measurable pαsyn levels in cingulate and temporal cortices were significantly increased at Unified stages III and IV. When pαsyn levels were compared between LTS density scores instead of Unified stages, significant increases were detected even as LTS density scores increased from 0 to 1 in olfactory bulb and substantia nigra. Therefore, our findings demonstrated that changes of pαsyn levels in cingulate and temporal cortices coincided with the early appearance of the LTS pathology in olfactory bulb and substantia nigra, even though histologically demonstrable LTS was lacking in the cortical region. Therefore, identifying the underlying mechanisms driving these changes could be crucial to understanding the pathogenesis of LB disorders.
A High Linear Dual-Band PA Driver for GSM/CDMA/PHS Applications

A 900 MHz/1.9 GHz dual-band power amplifier driver (PA driver) in a 0.35 mum SiGe technology is presented. The PA driver has been designed for GSM/CDMA/PHS in- building applications. Simulation results show 31 dB voltage gain and 10.6 dBm OP 1 dB while drawing 36 mA from a 3.3 V supply. The size of the chip is 1.4times0. 882 mm2.
Graph Partitioning Using Genetic Algorithms

The eecient implementation of parallel processing ar-chitectures generally requires the solution of hard combi-natorial problems involving allocation and scheduling of tasks. Such problems can often be modelled with considerable accuracy as a graph partitioning problem|a problem well-known from complexity theory to be NP-hard, which implies that for practical purposes the global optimum will not be found by any exact algorithm, except for trivially small problems. Recently genetic algorithms (GAs) have been proposed as a means of nding good solutions to the graph partitioning problem. In this paper two methods of implementing GAs are explored. In the rst case, they are combined with a heuristic`greedy algorithm'. Unlike previous approaches the heuristic is directly linked to the re-combination operator and this leads to a new`heuristic neighbourhood search' operator. Comparisons with existing approaches for combining heuristics with genetic algorithms show that the direct approach leads to improved results. In addition the heuristic neighbourhood search operator gives rise to a more computationally ef-cient scheme. Secondly, an approach which uses a structural crossover operator is investigated. Again, improved versions of existing approaches are developed, and nally the two forms of operator are compared using a number of diierent graphs.
Homeless Patients in the ICU: An Observational Propensity-Matched Cohort Study.

Critical Care Medicine www.ccmjournal. org 1339 Homeless Patients in the ICU: An Observational Propensity-Matched Cohort Study* huge differences in predicted mortality of patients admitted to the ICU and therefore in differences in SMRs. Although the study focuses on finding an answer to what an optimal volume of an ICU might be and how the number of ICU beds need to relate to the number of hospital beds to improve outcome of healthcare, there are other factors to consider as well. One of these factors would be hospital size. The World Health Organization writes “It is tempting to think that larger hospitals are more cost-effective than smaller ones because of the operation of economies of scale. However, the evidence does not back up this belief. A too large scale can induce spill and inefficiency. Similarly, while increasing hospital size can cut costs for some specific procedures, such economics are exhausted at a relatively small size. ” Little evidence exists for a relationship between hospital size and outcome (10). Both number of ICU beds and the ICU-to-hospital bed ratio, and therefore the occupancy rate, matter. This should be an important message to decision makers in healthcare. The other important factor to consider is the nurse:patient ratio. We would like to advise that for now, each hospital should cater for the population of patients best served by its size and ICUto-hospital bed ratio.
Area-aware topology generation for Application-Specific Networks-on-Chip using network partitioning

One of the challenging problems in Application-Specific Networks-on-Chip (ASNoC) design is customizing the topological structure of the on-chip network in order to meet the application requirements with the minimum possible cost. In this paper, the area cost of ASNoCs is reduced by using network partitioning techniques. Given the application core graph, the partitioning problem is formulated as an optimization one. Partitioning results in increasing the average delay, which is compensated for by adjusting the network bandwidth. A methodology is proposed for an area-aware custom topology generation employing network partitioning. As a proof of concept, our methodology is applied to three different applications with different number of cores. Results show that the proposed methodology is a promising way to reduce the ASNoC area compared to other standard and custom topology generation techniques.
The wouse: A wearable wince detector to stop assistive robots

Persons with severe motor impairments depend heavily upon caregivers for the performance of everyday tasks. Ongoing work is exploring the potential of giving motor-impaired users control of semi-autonomous assistive mobile manipulators to enable them to perform some self-care tasks such as scratching or shaving. Because these users are less able to escape a robot malfunction, or operate a traditional run-stop, physical human-robot interaction poses safety risks. We review approaches to safety in assistive robotics with a focus on accessible run-stops, and propose wincing as an accessible gesture for activating a run-stop device. We also present the wouse, a novel device for detecting wincing from skin movement near the eye, consisting of optical mouse components mounted near a user's temple via safety goggles. Using this device, we demonstrate a complete system to run-stop a Willow Garage PR2 robot, and perform two preliminary user studies. The first study examines discrimination of wincing from self-produced facial expressions. The results indicate the possibility for discrimination, though variability between users and inconsistent detection of skin movement remain significant challenges. The second experiment examines discrimination of wincing from external mechanical manipulations of the face during self-care tasks. The results indicate that the wouse, using a classifier trained with data from the first experiment, can be used during face-manipulation tasks. The device produced no false positives, but succeeded in correctly identifying wincing events in only two of four subjects.
Estrogen Receptor Mutations and Changes in Downstream Gene Expression and Signaling

Estrogens play a crucial role in regulating the growth and differentiation of breast cancers, with approximately two thirds of all breast tumors expressing the estrogen receptor alpha (ERα). Therefore, therapeutic strategies directed at inhibiting the action of ERα by using anti-estrogens such as tamoxifen, or reducing estrogens levels by using aromatase inhibitors, such as letrozole, anastrozole, or exemestane, are the standard treatments offered to women with ERα-positive cancer. However, not all patients respond to endocrine therapies (termed de novo resistance), and a large number of patients who do respond will eventually develop disease progression or recurrence while on therapy (acquired resistance). Recently, variant forms of the receptor have been identified owing to alternative splicing or gene mutation. This article reviews these variant receptors and their clinical relevance in resistance to endocrine therapy, by addressing their molecular cross-talk with growth factor receptors and signaling components. Understanding the complexity of receptor-mediated signaling has promise for new combined therapeutic options that focus on more efficient blockade of receptor cross-talk. Clin Cancer Res; 16(10); 2702–8. ©2010 AACR.
Trust and reputation in and across virtual communities

Trust and Reputation systems have become key enablers of positive interaction experiences on the Web. These systems accumulate information regarding activities of people or peers in general, to infer their reputation in some context or within a virtual community. Reputation information improves the quality of interactions between peers and reduces the effect of fraudulent members. In this tutorial we motivate the use of trust and reputation systems and survey some of the important models introduced in the past decade. Among these models, we present our work on the knot model, which deals with communities of strangers. Special attention is given to the way existing models tackle attempts to attack reputation systems. In a dynamic world, a person or a service may be a member of multiple communities and valuable information can be gained by sharing reputation of members among communities. In the second part of the tutorial, we present the CCR model for sharing reputation across virtual communities and address major privacy concerns related to it. In the third part of our talk, we discuss the use of reputation systems in other contexts, such as domain reputation for fighting malware, and outline our research directions on this subject.
Sexual selection in fungi

The significance of sexual selection, the component of natural selection associated with variation in mating success, is well established for the evolution of animals and plants, but not for the evolution of fungi. Even though fungi do not have separate sexes, most filamentous fungi mate in a hermaphroditic fashion, with distinct sex roles, that is, investment in large gametes (female role) and fertilization by other small gametes (male role). Fungi compete to fertilize, analogous to ‘male‐male’ competition, whereas they can be selective when being fertilized, analogous to female choice. Mating types, which determine genetic compatibility among fungal gametes, are important for sexual selection in two respects. First, genes at the mating‐type loci regulate different aspects of mating and thus can be subject to sexual selection. Second, for sexual selection, not only the two sexes (or sex roles) but also the mating types can form the classes, the members of which compete for access to members of the other class. This is significant if mating‐type gene products are costly, thus signalling genetic quality according to Zahavi's handicap principle. We propose that sexual selection explains various fungal characteristics such as the observed high redundancy of pheromones at the B mating‐type locus of Agaricomycotina, the occurrence of multiple types of spores in Ascomycotina or the strong pheromone signalling in yeasts. Furthermore, we argue that fungi are good model systems to experimentally study fundamental aspects of sexual selection, due to their fast generation times and high diversity of life cycles and mating systems.
Learning Discriminative LBP-Histogram Bins for Facial Expression Recognition

Local Binary Patterns (LBP) have been well exploited for facial image analysis recently. In the existing work, the LBP histograms are extracted from local facial regions, and used as a whole for the regional description. However, not all bins in the LBP histogram are necessary to be useful for facial representation. In this paper, we propose to learn discriminative LBP-Histogram (LBPH) bins for the task of facial expression recognition. Our experiments illustrate that the selected LBPH bins provide a compact and discriminative facial representation. We experimentally illustrate that it is necessary to consider multiscale LBP for representing faces, and most discriminative information is contained in uniform patterns. By adopting SVM with the selected multiscale LBPH bins, we obtain the best recognition performance of 93.1% on the Cohn-Kanade database.
Molecular approaches to hereditary diseases of the nervous system: Huntington's disease as a paradigm.

It should come as no surprise to the neurobiologist that two fifths of the 50,000-100,000 genes in the human genome are expressed in the brain. Rather more daunting is the fact that of the more than 3000 hereditary disorders described in Mendelian Inheritance in Man (McKusick 1989), one third of them produce significant CNS pathology. Only recently have we had the tools to understand these disorders on a more fundamental basis. These naturally occurring lesions of the nervous system can be exceptionally fine scalpels revealing molecules, pathways, and connections hitherto unknown. Huntington's disease (HD) has for years served as a model for teaching