Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Transactivation of the Moloney murine leukemia virus and T-cell receptor beta-chain enhancers by cbf and ets requires intact binding sites for both proteins

The Moloney murine leukemia virus (Mo-MLV) enhancer contains binding sites (LVb and LVc) for the ets gene family of proteins and a core site that binds the polyomavirus enhancer-binding protein 2/core-binding factor (cbf) family of proteins. The LVb and core sites in the Mo-MLV enhancer contribute to its constitutive activity in T cells. All three binding sites (LVb, LVc, and core) are required for phorbol ester inducibility of the Mo-MLV enhancer. Adjacent binding sites for the ets and cbf proteins likewise constitute a phorbol ester response element within the human T-cell receptor beta-chain (TCR beta) enhancer and contribute to constitutive transcriptional activity of the TCR beta enhancer in T cells. Here we show that the CBF alpha subunit encoded by the mouse Cbfa2 gene (the murine homolog of human AML1) and three ets proteins, Ets-1, Ets-2, and GA-binding protein (GABP), transactivate both the Mo-MLV and mouse TCR beta enhancer in transient-expression assays. Moreover, we show that transactivation by Cbf alpha 2 requires both intact ets and cbf binding sites. Transactivation by Ets-1, Ets-2, and GABP likewise requires intact binding sites for ets proteins and CBF. Supportive biochemical analyses demonstrate that both proteins can bind simultaneously to a composite enhancer element. These findings suggest that ets and cbf proteins cooperate in vivo to regulate transcription from the Mo-MLV and TCR beta enhancers.
Irregular Shelter oo tti s r t i ilit f European l ti r i i Forest : A Case Study fro the Starohorské ountains , Slova ia

The increasing probability of Taxus baccata (L.) decline given climate change brings forth many uncertainties for conservation management decisions. In this article, the authors present the effects of applying regeneration cuttings since the year 2000 on the viability of the understory yew population. By collecting data from a stand located at the centre of the largest population of European yew in Slovakia, containing approximately 160,000 individuals, and analysing tree-ring records from 38 sampled trees, the improved performance of yews, including stem growth, seed production, and number of regenerated individuals, was revealed. Thinning the canopy by removing 15% of the growing stock volume per decade, combined with the subsequent irregular shelterwood cuttings, was assessed as a useful strategy. Moreover, lower radial growth of females compared to males, but simultaneously their similar response to climate, suggests a possible trade-off between reproduction and growth. Release cuttings of up to 30% of the standing volume in the vicinity of the female trees, executed in the rainy summers following warmer winters, and consistent elimination of deer browsing, can further enhance the positive effects of applied cuts on yew viability. Overall, the suggested active measures could be considered as an effective option to preserve the unique biodiversity of calcareous beech-dominated forests in Central Europe.
Road-Oriented Geographic Routing Protocol for Urban Vehicular Ad Hoc Networks

Geographic routing protocols have been developed for efficient V2V and V2I communications in vehicular ad hoc networks (VANETs). Existing approaches tackle challenges in urban environments such as dynamic vehicular network topology. However, in more realistic urban environments, vehicular networks are highly dynamic due to the complicated road topology and vehicular mobility, as well as shadowing caused by buildings. Therefore, traditional protocols based on the node-oriented approach could not be robust in such environments and suffer the trade-off between reach ability and scalability. In this paper, we propose a road-oriented geographic routing protocol with a road-based path definition. It integrates the sender-based forwarder suppression and receiver-based opportunistic forwarding by exploiting road map information as well as vehicular connectivity. A sender selects a road segment as a next-hop, and each qualified receiver carries out the Contention-Based Forwarding (CBF). We evaluate the proposed protocol and existing protocols through network simulations in an urban scenario with a real road map. Following simulation results, we discuss availability and remaining challenges in terms of reach ability as well as scalability.
Lie Detection in Litigation: Science or Prejudice?

Lies are an indispensable part of daily life, permeating all aspects of people's communications and relationships. Given the seriousness and possible grave outcomes of litigation, it is expected that dishonesty is present, if not prevalent, in the Australian criminal justice system. It is therefore crucial for triers of fact to be capable of discriminating between truths and lies accurately. However, a large body of empirical research suggests that humans, judges and jurors included, are poor at this task, with rates of accuracy predominately no greater than chance levels. ‘Aided’ lie detection methods, such as polygraphy and brainfingerprinting, have been asserted to provide more consistent results, but these conclusions are questionable as are the scientific bases of these ‘lie detector machines’. This article reviews these issues and critically analyses the current means of assessing honesty in the Australian criminal justice system.
Being a Next of Kin : experiences of Burden and Quality of Life

Aim and Objectives: To increase the understanding of next of kin’s life situation in the context of supporting persons who are long term ill, disabled and/or older by describing their experienced burden and quality of life and also the relationship between QoL, burden and socioeconomic variables. Methods: Cross-sectional, descriptive and correlative design. Eighty-four next of kin answered two questionnaires: the Caregiver Burden Scale and the Subjective Quality of Life. Results: Next of kin experienced a high burden in their life situation although they, at the same time, experienced a good quality of life. In the results gender differences were found. Females next of kin to a higher extent were disappointed, more emotionally involved, and they also estimated their economic situation as more unsatisfactory than the males next of kin. Conclusion: Healthcare personnel meet next of kin, persons in need of care, within all healthcare and social care in society. Therefore it is important to have a general knowledge and ability to understand the next of kin’s life situation, thus making it possible to focus the nursing interventions on individual support regardless of the care receiver’s diagnosis.
CagA+ Helicobacter pylori infection and gastric cancer risk in the EPIC‐EURGAST study

Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori), atrophic gastritis, dietary and life‐style factors have been associated with gastric cancer (GC). These factors have been evaluated in a large case–control study nested in the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition carried out in 9 countries, including the Mediterranean area. Participants, enrolled in 1992–1998, provided life‐style and dietary information and a blood sample (360,000; mean follow‐up: 6.1 years). For 233 GC cases diagnosed after enrolment and their 910 controls individually‐matched by center, gender, age and blood donation date H. pylori antibodies (antilysate and antiCagA) and plasma Pepsinogen A (PGA) were measured by ELISA methods. Severe chronic atrophic gastritis (SCAG) was defined as PGA circulating levels <22 μg/l. Overall, in a conditional logistic regression analysis adjusted for education, smoke, weight and consumption of total vegetables, fruit, red and preserved meat, H. pylori seropositivity was associated with GC risk. Subjects showing only antibodies anti‐H. pylori lysate, however, were not at increased risk, while those with antiCagA antibodies had a 3.4‐fold increased risk. Overall, the odds ratio associated with SCAG was 3.3 (95% CI 2.2–5.2). According to site, the risk of noncardia GC associated with CagA seropositivity showed a further increase (OR 6.5; 95% CI 3.3–12.6); on the other hand, a ten‐fold increased risk of cardia GC was associated with SCAG (OR 11.0; 95% CI 3.0–40.9). These results support the causal relationship between H. pylori CagA+ strains infection, and GC in these European populations even after taking into account dietary habits. This association was limited to distal GC, while serologically defined SCAG was strongly associated with cardia GC, thus suggesting a divergent risk pattern for these 2 sites. © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Rhodanese activity in different tissues of the ostrich

1. The purpose of this investigation was to determine the activity, and compare the pattern of distribution, of rhodanese (thiosulphate: cyanide sulphurtransferase, EC. 2.8.1.1) in different tissues of male and female ostriches. 2. Tissue samples from male and female Blue Neck ostriches were assayed for rhodanese activity by the determination of thiocyanate formed by the action of the enzyme on thiosulphate and KCN. 3. Rhodanese was present in all tissues, and the highest activity was observed in the kidney and liver. Other tissues which contained significant activities of rhodanese were the duodenum, pancreas, heart, caecum and rectum. 4. Unlike other birds, the proventiculus does not appear to have an important role in cyanide detoxification in ostrich and, like mammals, the kidney and liver perform this function. 5. The results suggest that the main organs harbouring high rhodanese activity in the ostrich are associated with sites likely to be required in rhodanese mediated cyanide detoxification.
Radio channel modelling for pseudo-dynamic WBAN on-body UWB links

In this paper, pseudo-dynamic radio channel models for ultra wideband (UWB) wireless body area network communications are presented. To produce the models, frequency domain on-body measurements were conducted in an anechoic chamber within the frequency band of 2-8 GHz. The study was conducted for two UWB antenna types (dipole and double loop). A walking sequence with five positions was modelled and the antennas were placed on both wrists and the left ankle of a person. At first, the amplitudes of the first arriving paths were solved for all links and positions. In the second phase, the resulting channels were divided into three classes: line-of-sight, (partially) obstructed line-of-sight and non-line-of-sight. Statistical channel models were developed for all classes. As a result, six models were obtained for both antennas to be used, e.g., as time-cyclic channel models in computer simulations. The channel impulse responses were modelled by 7-10 taps, depending on the class and antenna. The amplitude statistics can be modelled with the inverse Gaussian distribution.
The Needham Lecture Tuning Systems: From Composition to Performance

This paper gives a summary of some of the work of the Performance Evaluation Process Algebra (PEPA) project, which was awarded the 2004 Roger Needham Award from the BCS. Centred on the PEPA modelling formalism, the project has sought to balance theory and practice. Theoretical developments have been tested and validated by application to a wide range of problems and such case studies have provided the stimulus for new directions in theory. Both aspects of the work are presented in summary as well as some current and future research topics.
Judgments of apparent shape contaminated by knowledge of reality: Viewing circles obliquely

In two experiments, participants viewed a circular disc oriented at a slant (which therefore appeared elliptical). The disc was made of luminous material and situated in a darkened chamber to remove perspective cues. Both student artists and non-artists exaggerated the circularity when attempting to match it on a computer screen by contracting or expanding a presented ellipse along its vertical axis. Crucially, however, a control group who remained ignorant about the circle's true shape (and were allowed to believe it really was an ellipse) did not exaggerate its circularity. The results of the second experiment suggested that participants were unaware that they were exaggerating the circularity, since their estimations of their own performance were more similar to the projective shape than to the shape they judged the ellipse to be. It seems that knowledge of reality contaminates judgments of appearance over and above any similar effect that might arise from the presence of perspective cues (which were eliminated in these experiments).
The great Irish head shop controversy

This research describes and analyses recent policy developments in Ireland in relation to the practice of selling psychoactive substances which, while not themselves illegal, mimic the effects of commonly used illegal drugs. These so-called ‘legal highs’ had been sold in Ireland through an increasing number of ‘head shops’ which in late-2009 and early-2010 became the subject of considerable public controversy, culminating in legislative measures aimed at their closure. Based on semi-structured interviews with some of the main stakeholders in this process and set against a background of saturation media coverage of this phenomenon, this article presents and assesses competing perspectives on the head shop issue. From a conventional drug control perspective, recent legislative measures in Ireland may be seen as representing effective cross-cutting activity between the health and criminal justice sectors. From a harm reduction perspective, however, this policy response may be seen as an example of moral panic in that media portrayals greatly exaggerated the ill effects of head shop products, in the process stoking public anger rather than encouraging rational debate.
GESTURE AS A COMMUNICATION STRATEGY IN SECOND LANGUAGE DISCOURSE: A STUDY OF LEARNERS OF FRENCH AND SWEDISH.Marianne Gullberg. Lund, Sweden: Lund University Press, 1998. Pp. 253.

Nonverbal behavior has received little serious attention among second language acquisition researchers until now. Its importance is acknowledged with token attention in communicative competence frameworks and taxonomies of communication strategies, but empirical studies are few and far between. Marianne Gullberg's study of second language learners' use of gesture as a communication strategy is a welcome attempt to fill this gap.
A Family of Variable-Precision Interval Arithmetic Processors

Traditional computer systems often suffer from roundoff error and catastrophic cancellation in floating point computations. These systems produce apparently high precision results with little or no indication of the accuracy. This paper presents hardware designs, arithmetic algorithms, and software support for a family of variable-precision, interval arithmetic processors. These processors give the programmer the ability to detect and, if desired, to correct implicit errors in finite precision numerical computations. They also provide the ability to solve problems that cannot be solved efficiently using traditional floating point computations. Execution time estimates indicate that these processors are two to three orders of magnitude faster than software packages that provide similar functionality.
Comprehensive Transcriptome Analysis of Phytohormone Biosynthesis and Signaling Genes in Microspore/Pollen and Tapetum of Rice

To investigate the involvement of phytohormones during rice microspore/pollen (MS/POL) development, endogenous levels of IAA, gibberellins (GAs), cytokinins (CKs) and abscisic acid (ABA) in the mature anther were analyzed. We also analyzed the global expression profiles of genes related to seven phytohormones, namely auxin, GAs, CKs, brassinosteroids, ethylene, ABA and jasmonic acids, in MS/POL and tapetum (TAP) using a 44K microarray combined with a laser microdissection technique (LM-array analysis). IAA and GA4 accumulated in a much higher amount in the mature anther compared with the other tissues, while CKs and ABA did not. LM-array analysis revealed that sets of genes required for IAA and GA synthesis were coordinately expressed during the later stages of MS/POL development, suggesting that these genes are responsible for the massive accumulation of IAA and GA4 in the mature anther. In contrast, genes for GA signaling were preferentially expressed during the early developmental stages of MS/POL and throughout TAP development, while their expression was down-regulated at the later stages of MS/POL development. In the case of auxin signaling genes, such mirror-imaged expression observed in GA synthesis and signaling genes was not observed. IAA receptor genes were mostly expressed during the late stages of MS/POL development, and various sets of AUX/IAA and ARF genes were expressed during the different stages of MS/POL or TAP development. Such cell type-specific expression profiles of phytohormone biosynthesis and signaling genes demonstrate the validity and importance of analyzing the expression of phytohormone-related genes in individual cell types independently of other cells/tissues.
International Students, Learning Environments and Perceptions: A case study using the Delphi technique

While there are a number of reports on problems faced by international students in Australia, there is little information on the perceptions of such students relative to those of the academic staff teaching them. Using the Delphi technique, whereby problems identified are narrowed by consensus, a study conducted at one Australian university highlighted some expected and some unexpected outcomes. Difficulty understanding colloquial language, cost of tuition and feelings of isolation ranked highest amongst the problems cited by international students. Academic staff were critical of their own speed of lecturing, as well as international students' poor writing and critical thinking skills.
Learning from Other People's Actions: Environmental Variation and Diffusion in French Coal Mining Strikes, 1890-1935

This study shows the role of imitation in producing social protests. Resource mobilization theories tend to underestimate workers' need for information. The fact that conditions are right for striking needs to be communicated through news of other strikes. Thus (a) strikes stimulate other strikes, net of objective bargaining conditions, (b) unionization increases the rate of strike imitation, (c) successful strikes generate more imitation than unsuccessful strikes, (d) unionization changes the locus of strike imitation from strike beginnings to endings, and (e) long average strike length changes the locus of imitation from endings to beginnings. These predictions are supported by evidence on Third Rupublic French coal mine strikes.
Simulating Reader-to-Reader Interference in RFID Systems

Reader-to-reader interference significantly affects the performance of RFID applications. The design of an RFID system should carefully consider this phenomenon. Simulation can dramatically speed up the design and testing phase, by deferring the implementation of a prototype to the last phase of the development. Unfortunately, no specific simulators of interference in RFID networks are currently available. Previous works exploited either general purpose network simulators, which often do not provide the required features for simulating an RFID network, or self deployed tools, which are not publicly available and therefore do not allow the validation and reproducibility of the results. This paper identifies the requirements that a simulator of reader-to-reader interference should satisfy and presents the R2RIS simulator, which has been specifically designed to evaluate the performance of reader-to-reader anti-collision protocols.
Voter Learning and Interest in the 2000 Presidential Election: Did the Media Matter?

This study examines the relationships of exposure and attention to various news media, including the Internet, with information learned about the issue positions of candidates George Bush and Al Gore, interest in the 2000 election campaign, and intention to vote among a random sample of adult residents of Indiana who were interviewed by telephone in October and November 2000. The findings are compared with those of previous studies of the 1988, 1992, and 1996 presidential elections. They confirm the importance of television news and television debates as sources of issue information, despite criticisms, and the importance of paying attention to newspaper campaign news for voting.
The Role of Ethnicity in Enclave Enterprises: A Study of the Chinese Garment Factories in New York City

As part of current efforts to understand the role of ethnicity in entrepreneurship, the present study investigates the cultural/ethnic aspects of the Chinese garment factories in New York City. It was found that enclave enterprises function differently than those in the center economy. The often assumed incompatibility of traditional values, personalism, familism and informal social relations which prevail in the enclave economy are important assets for the entrepreneurial pursuits of Chinese in the ethnic enclave in New York City. The skillful use of non-economic resources is vital in the establishment of the efficient but small garment factories which are best suited for: (1) the exploitation of the opportunity structure of New York's garment industry, (2) the maximization of capital and labor resources, and (3) the neutralization of management/labor conflicts. Contrary to the claims of many social scientists that ethnic enterprises are riven by conflicts and burdened by low productivity, the present st.
First Steps towards Evidence-Based Preventive Home Visits: Experiences Gathered in a Swedish Municipality

The purpose of preventive home visits is to promote overall health and wellbeing in old age. The aim of this paper was to describe the process of the development of evidence-based preventive home visits, targeting independent community-living older persons. The evidence base was generated from published studies and practical experiences. The results demonstrate that preventive home visits should be directed to persons 80 years old and older and involve various professional competences. The visits should be personalized, lead to concrete interventions, and be followed up. The health areas assessed should derive from a broad perspective and include social, psychological, and medical aspects. Core components in the protocol developed in this study captured physical, medical, psychosocial, and environmental aspects. Results of a pilot study showed that the protocol validly identified health risks among older people with different levels of ADL dependence.
Miss Rate Prediction Across Program Inputs and Cache Configurations

Improving cache performance requires understanding cache behavior. However, measuring cache performance for one or two data input sets provides little insight into how cache behavior varies across all data input sets and all cache configurations. This paper uses locality analysis to generate a parameterized model of program cache behavior. Given a cache size and associativity, this model predicts the miss rate for arbitrary data input set sizes. This model also identifies critical data input sizes where cache behavior exhibits marked changes. Experiments show this technique is within 2 percent of the hit rate for set associative caches on a set of floating-point and integer programs using array and pointer-based data structures. Building on the new model, this paper presents an interactive visualization tool that uses a three-dimensional plot to show miss rate changes across program data sizes and cache sizes and its use in evaluating compiler transformations. Other uses of this visualization tool include assisting machine and benchmark-set design. The tool can be accessed on the Web at http://www.cs. rochester.edu/research/locality