Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Barium Influx Mediated by the Cardiac Sodium-Calcium Exchanger in Transfected Chinese Hamster Ovary Cells

We examined Ba2+ influx using isotopic and fura-2 techniques in transfected Chinese hamster ovary cells expressing the bovine cardiac Na+/Ca2+ exchanger (CK1.4 cells). Ba2+ competitively inhibited exchange-me diated 45Ca2+ uptake with a K i ∼ 3 mM. Ba2+ uptake was stimulated by pretreating the cells with ouabain and by removing extracellular Na+, as expected for Na+/Ba2+ exchange activity. The maximal velocity of Ba2+ accumulation was estimated to be 50% of that for Ca2+. When the monovalent cation ionophore gramicidin was used to equilibrate internal and external concentrations of Na+, Ba2+ influx was negligible in the absence of Na+ and increased to a maximum at 20–40 mM Na+. At higher Na+ concentrations, Ba2+ influx declined, presumably due to the competition between Na+ and Ba2+ for transport sites on the exchanger. Unlike Ca2+, Ba2+ did not appear to be taken up by intracellular organelles: Thus, 133Ba2+ uptake in ouabain-treated cells was not reduced by mitochondrial inhibitors such as Cl-CCP or oligomycin-rotenone. Moreover, intracellular Ca2+ stores that had been depleted of Ca2+ by pretreatment of the cells with ionomycin (a Ca2+ ionophore) remained empty during a subsequent period of Ba2+ influx. Ca2+ uptake or release by intracellular organelles secondarily regulated exchange activity through alterations in [Ca2+]i. Exchange-mediated Ba2+ influx was inhibited when cytosolic [Ca2+] was reduced to 20 nM or less and was accelerated at cytosolic Ca2+ concentrations of 25–50 nM. We conclude that (a) Ba2+ substitutes for Ca2+ as a transport substrate for the exchanger, (b) cytosolic Ba2+ does not appear to be sequestered by intracellular organelles, and (c) exchange-mediated Ba2+ influx is accelerated by low concentrations of cytosolic Ca2+.
3D-ICE: A Compact Thermal Model for Early-Stage Design of Liquid-Cooled ICs

Liquid-cooling using microchannel heat sinks etched on silicon dies is seen as a promising solution to the rising heat fluxes in two-dimensional and stacked three-dimensional integrated circuits. Development of such devices requires accurate and fast thermal simulators suitable for early-stage design. To this end, we present 3D-ICE, a compact transient thermal model (CTTM), for liquid-cooled ICs. 3D-ICE was first advanced incorporating the 4-resistor model-based CTTM (4RM-based CTTM). Later, it was enhanced to speed up simulations and to include complex heat sink geometries such as pin fins using the new 2 resistor model (2RM-based CTTM). In this paper, we extend the 3D-ICE model to include liquid-cooled ICs with multi-port cavities, i.e., cavities with more than one inlet and one outlet ports, and non-straight microchannels. Simulation studies using a realistic 3D multiprocessor system-on-chip (MPSoC) with a 4-port microchannel cavity highlight the impact of using 4-port cavity on temperature and also demonstrate the superior performance of 2RM-based CTTM compared to 4RM-based CTTM. We also present an extensive review of existing literature and the derivation of the 3D-ICE model, creating a comprehensive study of liquid-cooled ICs and their thermal simulation from the perspective of computer systems design. Finally, the accuracy of 3D-ICE has been evaluated against measurements from a real liquid-cooled 3D-IC, which is the first such validation of a simulator of this genre. Results show strong agreement (average error \lt 10%), demonstrating that 3D-ICE is an effective tool for early-stage thermal-aware design of liquid-cooled 2D-/3D-ICs.
Lambdas and Vectors

terms that can be used as translations of linguistic expressions have a lot in common with the Logical Forms of these expressions and the lambda binders in them give easy ways for treating long distance dependencies. The use of lambda terms also makes standard ways of dealing with coordination accessible to distributional semantics. The paper will provide extensive discussion of this and will give examples where the direct use of lambdas gives an edge over the approach in Baroni et al. (2014), which is based on the directed types of Combinatory Categorial Grammar.
Hyperspectral image compression based on Tucker Decomposition and Discrete Cosine Transform

In this paper, an efficient method for Hyperspectral image compression based on the Tucker Decomposition (TD) and the Three Dimensional Discrete Cosine Transform (3D-DCT) is proposed. The core idea behind our proposed technique is to apply TD to the 3D-DCT coefficients of Hyperspectral image in order to not only exploit redundancies between bands but also to use spatial correlations of every image band and therefore, as simulation results applied to real Hyperspectral images demonstrate, it leads to a remarkable compression ratio with improved quality.
Differential Exposure and Reactivity to Interpersonal Stress Predict Sex Differences in Adolescent Depression

This study tested the hypothesis that higher rates of depression in adolescent girls are explained by their greater exposure and reactivity to stress in the interpersonal domain in a large sample of 15-year-olds. Findings indicate that adolescent girls experienced higher levels of total and interpersonal episodic stress, whereas boys experienced higher levels of chronic stress (academic and close friendship domains). Higher rates of depression in girls were explained by their greater exposure to total stress, particularly interpersonal episodic stress. Adolescent girls were also more reactive (more likely to become depressed) to both total and interpersonal episodic stress. The findings suggest that girls experience higher levels of episodic stress and are more reactive to these stressors, increasing their likelihood of becoming depressed compared to boys. Results were discussed in terms of girls' greater interpersonal focus and implications for understanding sex differences in depression.
ON A POSTERIORI ERROR ESTIMATES FOR ONE-DIMENSIONAL CONVECTION-DIFFUSION PROBLEMS

This paper is concerned with the upwind finite-difference discretization of a quasilinear singularly perturbed boundary value problem without turning points. Kopteva’s a posteriori error estimate [N. Kopteva, Maximum norm a posteriori error estimates for a onedimensional convection-diffusion problem, SIAM J. Numer. Anal. , 39, 423–441 (2001)] is generalized and improved. 2000 MSC: 65L10, 65L70.
Group-based two-hop relay with redundancy in MANETs

Two-hop relay is a class of attractive routing protocols for mobile ad hoc networks (MANETs) due to its efficiency and simplicity. This paper extends the conventional two-hop relay and proposes a more general group-based two-hop relay algorithm with redundancy. In such an algorithm with redundancy ƒ and group size g (2HR-(ƒ, g) for short), each packet is delivered to at most ƒ distinct relay nodes and can be accepted by its destination if it is among the group of g packets the destination is currently requesting. The 2HR-(ƒ, g) covers the available two-hop relay protocols as special cases, like the in-order protocols (ƒ ≥ 1, g = 1), the out-of-order protocols with redundancy (ƒ > 1, g = ∞) or without redundancy (ƒ = 1, g = ∞), and it enables a more flexible control of packet delivery process to be made in the challenging MANET environment. A general theoretical framework is further developed to explore how the control parameters ƒ and g affect the expected packet delivery delay in an 2HR-(ƒ, g) MANET, where the important medium contention, interference and traffic contention issues are carefully incorporated into the analysis. Finally, extensive simulation and theoretical results are provided to demonstrate the efficiency of the 2HR-(ƒ, g) scheme and the corresponding theoretical framework.
System Problem Detection by Mining Console Logs

The console logs generated by an application contain information that the developers believed would be useful in debugging or monitoring the application. Despite the ubiquity and large size of these logs, they are rarely exploited because they are not readily machine-parsable. We propose a fully automatic methodology for mining console logs using a combination of program analysis, information retrieval, data mining, and machine learning techniques. We use source code analysis to understand the structures from the console logs. We then extract features, such as execution traces, from logs and use data mining and machine learning methods to detect problems. We also use a decision tree to distill the detection results to a format readily understandable by operators who need not be familiar with the anomaly detection algorithms. The whole process requires no human intervention and can scale to large scale log data. We extend the methods to perform online analysis on console log streams. We evaluate the technique on several real-world systems and detected problems that are insightful to systems operators.
Switching solutions for WDM-SDM optical networks

Over the last few decades, network traffic has consistently grown at an exponential rate and was efficiently satisfied using WDM and more efficient coding schemes requiring coherent detection. There is no indication that the network traffic growth trend will cease anytime soon, and we are nearing the day when the capacity of the ubiquitous single-mode fiber will be fully exploited. Space-domain multiplexing (SDM) for high-capacity transmission is the promising solution with the scaling potential to meet future capacity demands. However, there is still a large technological gap between current WDM optical communication system designs and SDM network implementations. In this article we lay the foundation of switching node designs for future WDM-SDM optical networks.
L-functions and higher order modular forms

It is believed that Dirichlet series with a functional equation and Euler product of a particular form are associated to holomorphic newforms on a Hecke congruence group. We perform computer algebra experiments which find that in certain cases one can associate a kind of ``higher order modular form'' to such Dirichlet series. This suggests a possible approach to a proof of the conjecture.
Constrained Pseudorandom Functions: Verifiable and Delegatable

Constrained pseudorandom functions (introduced independently by Boneh and Waters (CCS 2013), Boyle, Goldwasser, and Ivan (PKC 2014), and Kiayias, Papadopoulos, Triandopoulos, and Zacharias (CCS 2013)), are pseudorandom functions (PRFs) that allow the owner of the secret key k to compute a constrained key kf , such that anyone who possesses kf can compute the output of the PRF on any input x such that f(x) = 1 for some predicate f . The security requirement of constrained PRFs state that the PRF output must still look indistinguishable from random for any x such that f(x) = 0. Boneh and Waters show how to construct constrained PRFs for the class of bit-fixing as well as circuit predicates. They explicitly left open the question of constructing constrained PRFs that are delegatable i.e., constrained PRFs where the owner of kf can compute a constrained key kf ′ for a further restrictive predicate f ′. Boyle, Goldwasser, and Ivan left open the question of constructing constrained PRFs that are also verifiable. Verifiable random functions (VRFs), introduced by Micali, Rabin, and Vadhan (FOCS 1999), are PRFs that allow the owner of the secret key k to prove, for any input x, that y indeed is the output of the PRF on x; the security requirement of VRFs state that the PRF output must still look indistinguishable from random, for any x for which a proof is not given. In this work, we solve both the above open questions by constructing constrained pseudorandom functions that are simultaneously verifiable and delegatable.
Tortuosity as a metric for evaluating branch motion paths under dynamic loading

We describe objective comparison of tree branch motion paths using tortuosity. Tortuosity is a measure of the bendiness or curviness of a path. Tree branch motion paths are piecewise linear curves created by collecting position information over time for fixed locations on a tree branch. Objective methods for comparing branch motion paths may improve computer simulations of tree motion for image synthesis by giving researchers another tool for evaluating and improving simulation methods. Three tortuosity metrics are computed and compared for 22 motion paths collected from a maple sapling in a laboratory environment. Appropriate metrics for tortuosity of tree branch motion paths must account for short chord lengths of those paths, admit analysis of space curves and match intuitive notions of bendiness. Tortuosity itself is a subjective measure. We present several images of branch motion paths along with their tortuosity values. Based on these results, average curvature is the most appropriate metric for characterizing tortuosity of tree branch motion paths because average curvature is not sensitive to chord length, is defined in 3D and is well correlated with our intuitive notion of tortuosity.
Generalized bounds on Majoron - neutrino couplings

We discuss limits on neutrino-Majoron couplings both from laboratory experiments as well as from astrophysics. They apply to the simplest class of Majoron models, which covers a variety of possibilities where neutrinos acquire mass, either via a seesaw-type scheme or via radiative corrections. By adopting a general framework including CP phases, we generalize bounds obtained previously. The combination of complementary bounds enables us to obtain a highly nontrivial exclusion region in the parameter space. We find that the future double beta project GENIUS, together with constraints based on supernova energy release arguments, could restrict neutrino-Majoron couplings down to the ${10}^{\ensuremath{-}7}$ level.
Isolation of Intact and Functional Melanosomes from the Retinal Pigment Epithelium

Melanosomes of retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) have many vision supporting functions. Melanosome research would benefit from a method to isolate pure and characterized melanosomes. Sucrose gradient centrifugation is the most commonly used method for isolation of RPE melanosomes, but the isolated products are insufficiently characterized and their quality is unclear. Here we introduce a new gentle method for fractionation of porcine RPE that produces intact functional melanosomes with minimal cross-contamination from other cell organelles. The characterization of isolated organelles was conducted with several methods confirming the purity of the isolated melanosomal fraction (transmission electron microscopy, immunoblotting) and presence of the melanosomal membrane (fluorescence staining of melanosomal membrane, zeta potential measurement). We demonstrate that our isolation method produces RPE melanosomes with the ability to generate free phosphate (Pi) from ATP thereby proving that many membrane proteins remain functional after isolation. The isolated porcine RPE melanosomes represented V-type H+ATPase activity that was demonstrated with bafilomycin A1, a specific V-ATPase inhibitor. We anticipate that the isolation method described here can easily be optimized for the isolation of stage IV melanosomes from other pigmented cell types and tissues.
A new SVD-based image quality assessment

In recent years, many efforts have been performed in order to design an algorithm assessing perceptual image quality based on human visual system. Although some impressive metrics have been presented, full reference image quality assessment (IQA) is still a challenging issue. In this paper, we present a new SVD-based IQA method in which the structural similarity between the reference and distorted image is utilized as a key factor for measuring the imposed distortions. The experimental results show that the proposed algorithm can effectively evaluated the image quality in a consistent manner with human visual perception.
vADeo: video advertising system

vADeo is a next-generation video ad system that analyzes the video to find appropriate scene changes where ads can be inserted. The context of each ad insertion point is determined through high-level analysis of the surrounding video segment thereby making ads contextual. Further vADeo implements two novelties on the player side - ad book-marking and delayed interaction - which encourage ad clicks without disrupting the video viewing experience.
Serum concentrations of antimycobacterial drugs in patients with pulmonary tuberculosis in Botswana.

BACKGROUND We conducted a pharmacokinetic study of antimycobacterial drugs involving a cohort of patients with pulmonary tuberculosis (TB) in Gaborone, Botswana, to assess the prevalence of and risk factors for low drug concentrations in serum. METHODS Adults participated if they had a history of cough > or =2 weeks, had abnormal chest radiograph findings, consented to testing for human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), had sputum cultures positive for Mycobacterium tuberculosis, and were receiving antituberculous therapy for >7 days. Observed maximum serum concentrations were compared with published normal ranges. RESULTS. Of 91 patients enrolled, 89 (98%) were outpatients, and 59 (68%) of 87 patients tested had HIV infection. The following numbers of patients had low serum concentrations of the following drugs: isoniazid, 27 (30%) of 90; rifampin, 71 (78%) of 91; ethambutol, 37 (41%) of 91; and pyrazinamide, 1 (1%) of 91. Low serum concentrations of both isoniazid and rifampin occurred in 23 (26%) of 90 patients. Low serum concentrations of rifampin were found in both HIV-infected and non-HIV-infected patients, and such patients were less likely to have >4 weeks of symptoms, more likely to have lymphadenopathy, and more likely to have low serum albumin levels (P<.05 for all). The associations with noncavitary pulmonary disease (P=.12) and HIV infection (P=.07) did not reach statistical significance. Delayed absorption was most common with ethambutol, followed by rifampin. CONCLUSIONS These data, predominantly from HIV-infected patients with TB, suggest that low isoniazid, rifampin, and ethambutol concentrations are common in Botswana. In contrast, pyrazinamide usually is well absorbed.
Health Humanities Baccalaureate Programs and the Rhetoric of Health and Medicine

ABSTRACT This article argues that technical and professional communication (TPC) programs and specialists need to contribute more to health humanities scholarship and program curricula. The article reviews the writing courses offered by baccalaureate health humanities programs and “to support further TPC engagement in these programs” offers core generalizations and strategies for managing their approval process.
EFFICIENT TRACKING OF EIGENSPACES AND ITS APPLICATION TO MIMO-SYSTEMS

To achieve high performance for MIMO wireless systems with multiple transmit and receive antennas a detailed understanding of the characteristics of the Eigenspace of the channel is essential. It represents the spatial characteristics of the propagation scenario in general and can be expressed by different covariance matrices. In many MIMOalgorithms the knowledge of the Eigenvectors and Eigenvalues are required. As typical for the wireless channel, the spatial characteristics continuously change. Therefore, an efficient method for tracking of the Eigenspace with moderate computational complexity is required. Tracking of the Eigenspace using incremental Jacobi rotations is presented and compared to another known algorithm for subspace tracking. Eigenbeamforming and reduced dimension MIMO-channel estimation serve as two examples, where such a tracking algorithm can be applied. Complexity evaluations show the capabilities of the Jacobi-tracking.
Effects of Unilateral Hand Contraction on The Persistence of Hemispheric Asymmetry of Cortical Activity

Athletes who squeezed a ball with their left hand immediately prior to execution of sports activities did not show performance deterioration under severe pressure (Beckmann, Gröpel, & Ehrlenspiel, 2013). This result has been explained by priming of the dominant right hemisphere. However, it remains unclear what variables have the greatest effect on asymmetrical brain activity (e.g., duration and strength of ball squeezing). We hypothesized that squeezing a ball harder for a longer period might lead to stronger asymmetrical activity because motor-related areas would have increased activation due to the more forceful movement. We used electroencephalograms (EEGs) to investigate the hemispheric asymmetry of brain activity produced by squeezing a ball with a unilateral hand. EEGs were assessed during a baseline period as well as in eight experimental conditions wherein the strength and duration of the ball squeeze were manipulated. Our results showed that right-hemispheric-dominant brain activation was maximized when participants squeezed with their left hand a ball that had an internal pressure of 100 hPa for 90 s or 20 hPa for 30 s. Moreover, squeezing the ball with 100 hPa internal pressure for 90 s created a prominent interhemispheric asymmetry of cortical activity. We suspect that squeezing a ball strongly for a long period might be helpful in dealing with “choking” under pressure by producing greater right-hemispheric activation. This result could help improve simple methods for competitive athletes to reduce the likelihood of exhibiting choking behavior that could be practiced with minimal effort, even during short breaks during a game.
CROSS-LINGUISTIC EFFECTS OF ARABIC EXPERIENCE ON L3 LEARNING AND EXPLICIT KNOWLEDGE

This study investigates the roles of cross-linguistic influence (CLI) and explicit knowledge in explaining the posited advantage of previous language experience in L3 learning, as well as the potential role of amount of L2 exposure in modulating these relationships. We examine a unique L2-L3 language pairing, Arabic and Latin respectively, among native speakers of English. Like Sanz, Park, and Lado (2015), we employ Bates and MacWhinney’s (1989) Competition Model (CM), a functional-typological framework that allows for the examination of learners’ usage of language-specific cues in sentence processing. We build on this previous work by additionally investigating (1) whether there is a relationship between amount of classroom experience studying L2 Arabic and reliance on Arabic cues when learning L3 Latin, and (2) whether accuracy in L3 Latin is correlated with explicit knowledge of Latin cues and whether learners with more L2 Arabic experience are more likely to develop such explicit knowledge. Thirtyfive native English-speaking learners of Arabic at three different levels completed computer-based training and testing tasks dealing with thematic role assignment in Latin following a pretest, posttest, delayed posttest design as well as a test of explicit knowledge of Latin cues. We show that learners in the early stages of L3 development start with an L1-based strategy (SVO word order), replicating the findings in Sanz, Park, and Lado (2015). We add to these results evidence that with more exposure participants showed increased accuracy on items requiring the use of Latin cues present in their L2 Arabic but not in their L1 English (i.e., subject-verb agreement and case). Importantly, there was emergent evidence that this increase in accuracy was mitigated by amount of Arabic experience. In addition, L3 explicit knowledge was a significant predictor of Latin performance and was also related to level of L2 experience. These results suggest that amount of L2 exposure may mediate CLI in L3 acquisition, and add to a growing body of evidence showing an important role for explicit knowledge in adult language learning, at least among classroom learners. Keywords: cross-linguistic influence; third language acquisition; morphosyntactic transfer; Competition Model; agency assignment; explicit knowledge; exposure