Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
X-Ray Observations of Distant Optically Selected Clusters

We have measured fluxes or flux limits for 31 of the 79 cluster candidates in the Palomar Distant Cluster Survey (PDCS) using archival ROSAT/PSPC pointed observations. Our X-ray survey reaches a flux limit of $\simeq 3 \times 10^{-14}$ erg s$^{-1}$ cm$^{-2}$ (0.4 - 2.0 keV), which corresponds to luminosities of $L_x\simeq 5 \times 10^{43}$ erg s$^{-1}$ ($H_o$ = 50 km s$^{-1}$ Mpc$^{-1}$, $q_o$ = ${1/2}$), if we assume the PDCS estimated redshifts. Of the 31 cluster candidates, we detect six at a signal-to-noise greater than three. We estimate that $2.9^{+3.3}_{-1.4}$ (90% confidence limits) of these six detections are a result of X-ray emission from objects unrelated to the PDCS cluster candidates. The net surface density of X-ray emitting cluster candidates in our survey, $1.71^{+0.91}_{-2.19}$ clusters deg$^{-2}$, agrees with that of other, X-ray selected, surveys. It is possible, given the large error on our contamination rate, that we have not detected X-ray emission from any of our observed PDCS cluster candidates. We find no statistically significant difference between the X-ray luminosities of PDCS cluster candidates and those of Abell clusters of similar optical richness. This suggests that the PDCS contains objects at high redshift similar to the low redshift clusters in the Abell catalogs. We show that the PDCS cluster candidates are not bright X-ray sources, the average luminosity of the six detected candidates is only $\bar{L_x}=0.9\times10^{44}$ erg s$^{-1}$ (0.4-2.0 keV). This finding is in agreement with previous X-ray studies of high redshift, optically selected, rich clusters of galaxies.
Resonant pairing between fermions with unequal masses

We study via mean-field theory the pairing between fermions of different masses, especially at the unitary limit. At equal populations, the thermodynamic properties are identical with the equal mass case provided an appropriate rescaling is made. At unequal populations, for sufficiently light majority species, the system does not phase separate. For sufficiently heavy majority species, the phase separated normal phase have a density larger than that of the superfluid. For atoms in harmonic traps, the density profiles for unequal mass fermions can be drastically different from their equal-mass counterparts.
Do Jet-driven Shocks Ionize the Narrow-Line Regions of Seyfert Galaxies?

We consider a model in which the narrow-line regions (NLRs) of Seyfert galaxies are photoionized "in situ" by fast (300-1000 km s) radiative shock waves driven into the interstellar medium of the galaxy by radio jets from the active nucleus. Such shocks are powerful sources of soft X-rays. We compute the expected ratio of the count rates in the ROSAT PSPC and Einstein IPC detectors to the [O III] λ5007 flux as a function of shock velocity, and we compare these ratios with observations of type 2 Seyfert galaxies. If most of the observed soft X-ray emission from these galaxies originates in the NLR and the absorbing hydrogen column is similar to that inferred from the reddening of the NLR, a photoionizing shock model with a shock velocity of ≃400-500 km s is compatible with the observed ratios. High angular resolution observations with the Advanced X-Ray Astrophysics Facility are needed to isolate the X-ray emission of the NLR and measure its absorbing column, thus providing a more conclusive test. We also calculate the expected coronal iron line emission from the shocks. For most Seyfert 2 galaxies, the [Fe X] λ6374/Hβ ratio is a factor of 2-14 lower than the predictions of 300-500 km s shock models, suggesting that less hot gas is present than required by these models.
Formation of uniform nanoscale oxide layers assembled by overlapping oxide lines using atomic force microscopy

Atomic force microscopy (AFM) has been widely used for creating nanoscale oxide lines on various material surfaces. The assembling technique used for overlapping an array of these oxide lines into a uniform oxide layer is analytically investigated and experimentally verified. The experimental data of the oxide lines induced at different scanning speeds are analytically correlated to provide the basic formula for the assembling technique. The superposition principle is then applied for simulating the assembling process to extract the criteria for assembling a uniform layer. Experiments have been conducted to verify the reliability of the uniformity criteria analytically obtained and the feasibility of the assembling technique developed. Indeed, a uniform oxide layer can be precisely assembled by following the uniformity criteria developed.
An improved harmonic-plus-noise decomposition method and its application in pitch determination

This paper presents an improved method to decompose the harmonic and the noise components of voiced speech. The improvements make the method more accurate and robust by applying noise and harmonic separation in alternative iterations and by including a new pitch detection algorithm. This new pitch detection algorithm utilises the proposed decomposition as a main component. The results show that the improved decomposition converges faster than the original method.
Weighted scattering matrices of regular coverings of graphs

We give a decomposition formula for the determinant det(I − U(λ)) of the weighted bond scattering matrix U(λ) of a regular covering of G. Furthermore, we define an L-function of G, and give a determinant expression of it. As a corollary, we express some determinant of the weighted bond scattering matrix of a regular covering of G by means of its L-functions.
Variable optical chirality in an atomic assisted microresonator

A whispering gallery mode resonator with a cavity-made slot filled atomic vapor is demonstrated, in which the chiral symmetry is broken induced by asymmetric backscattering of counter-propagating optical waves in the WGM microcavity. The chirality of resonator modes is steered via tuning dispersion relation in the cavity-made slot. The system exhibiting a high displacement sensitivity 15.22 THz/nm could be applied to optomechanical sensing applications.
Automatic Recognition of Spoken Digits

No necessary‐and‐sufficient stimulus, or stimuli, has been discovered for the identification of any given word, yet people can reliably recognize speech under a wide variety of conditions One implication of this fact might be that speech recognition involves a complex data processing which takes advantage of linguistic redundancy. Such a system could make possible a reliable identification on the basis of a number of discriminating conditions, no one of which was in itself dependable. An attempt was made to realize such a data processing system in a program written for an experimental computer at Lincoln Laboratory. The program input consisted of the spoken digits processed through the Haskins Laboratories' resonance vocoder. Ninety‐eight percent recognition was achieved on a sample of ten voices, mixed male and female. [The research reported in this talk was supported jointly by the U. S. Army, Navy, and Air Force under contract with the Massachusetts Institute of Technology. ]
Local and Global Aspects of Weil-Petersson Geometry

This is a survey paper on the topic of Weil-Petersson geometry of Teichmuller spaces. Even though historically the subject has been developed as a branch of complex analysis, the treatment here is from the view-point of differential geometry, much influenced by the works of Eells, Earle, Fischer, Tromba and Wolpert over the several decades. The Weil-Petersson geometry has negative sectional curvature, and the main theme of this article is to exploit the convexity of the Weil-Petersson distance function induced by the negativity of the curvature, from Riemannian geometric approaches as well as those of the CAT(0) geometry and Coxeter theory.
Hibernating black holes revealed by photometric mass functions

We present a novel strategy to uncover the Galactic population of quiescent black holes (BHs). This is based on a new concept, the photometric mass function (PMF), which opens up the possibility of an efficient identification of dynamical BHs in large fields-of-view. This exploits the width of the disc Halpha emission line, combined with orbital period information. We here show that Halpha widths can be recovered using a combination of customized Halpha filters. By setting a width cut-off at 2200 km/s we are able to cleanly remove other Galactic populations of Halpha emitters, including ~99.9% of cataclysmic variables (CVs). Only short period (Porb<2.1 h) eclipsing CVs and AGNs will contaminate the sample but these can be easily flagged through photometric variability and, in the latter case, also mid-IR colours. We also describe the strategy of a deep (r=22) Galactic plane survey based on the concept of PMFs: HAWKs, the HAlpha-Width Kilo-deg Survey. We estimate that ~800 sqr deg are required to unveil ~50 new dynamical BHs, a three-fold improvement over the known population. For comparison, a century would be needed to produce an enlarged sample of 50 dynamical BHs from X-ray transients at the current discovery rate.
A fast and easy-to-implement inversion algorithm for mobility particle size spectrometers considering particle number size distribution information outside of the detection range

Abstract. Multiple-charge inversion is an essential procedure to convert the raw mobility distributions recorded by mobility particle size spectrometers, such as the DMPS or SMPS (differential or scanning mobility particle sizers), into true particle number size distributions. In this work, we present a fast and easy-to-implement multiple-charge inversion algorithm with sufficient precision for atmospheric conditions, but extended functionality. The algorithm can incorporate size distribution information from sensors that measure beyond the upper sizing limit of the mobility spectrometer, such as an aerodynamic particle sizer (APS) or an optical particle counter (OPC). This feature can considerably improve the multiple-charge inversion result in the upper size range of the mobility spectrometer, for example, when substantial numbers of coarse particles are present. The program also yields a continuous size distribution from both sensors as an output. The algorithm is able to calculate the propagation of measurement errors, such as those based on counting statistics, into on the final particle number size distribution. As an additional aspect, the algorithm can perform all inversion steps under the assumption of non-spherical particle shape, including constant or size-dependent shape factors.
Mechanism for Targeting the A-kinase Anchoring Protein AKAP18 (cid:1) to the Membrane * □ S

Background: AKAP18 (cid:1) is anchored to the membrane by a yet unidentified mechanism. Results: Electrostatic attraction to negatively charged lipids is sufficient for membrane localization. Conclusion: The positively charged amino acids of AKAP18 (cid:1) are spatially arranged into a lipid-binding plane. Significance: Targeting to aquaporin-containing vesicles requires additional protein-protein interactions. A-kinase anchoring proteins (AKAPs) are a family of scaffolding proteins that target PKA and other signaling molecules to cellular compartments and thereby spatiotemporally define cellular signaling events. The AKAP18 family comprises AKAP18 (cid:2) ,AKAP18 (cid:3) ,AKAP18 (cid:4) ,andAKAP18 (cid:1) . The (cid:1) isoform targets PKA and phosphodiesterase PDE4D to AQP2 (aqua-porin-2)-bearing vesicles to orchestrate the acute regulation of body water balance. Therefore, AKAP18 (cid:1) must adopt a membrane localization that seems at odds with (i) its lack of palmitoylation or myristoylation sites that tailor its isoforms AKAP18 (cid:2) and AKAP18 (cid:3) to membrane compartments and (ii)
Bluetooth Controlled Robot Car Using Arduino

In the past few months Bluetooth technology is increasing dramatically with improving of Bluetooth phones and other electronics items in our daily life. To meet current requirements of several needs the technology is already increased with help of remote-controlled robotic cars via Bluetooth. So here open-source hardware is used to designed and also developed a robotic controlled car with the help of simple architecture. To move a certain direction of our proposed design pre-installed command is used. In this paper android application running on a Smartphone has been developed with the help of user. This proposed design helps to control the motion of the car remotely with the help of Bluetooth kept feasible manner. Arduino act as main part of the device which is controlled with the help of our Smartphone via Bluetooth. So here Bluetooth act as a main communicator between several controllers and our Smartphone using protocols.
Generation of quantum randomness by probability estimation with classical side information

We develop a framework for certifying randomness from Bell-test trials based on directly estimating the probability of the measurement outcomes with adaptive test supermartingales. The number of trials need not be predetermined, and one can stop performing trials early, as soon as the desired amount of randomness is extractable. It can be used with arbitrary, partially known and time-dependent probabilities for the random settings choices. Furthermore, it is suitable for application to experimental configurations with low Bell violation per trial, such as current optical loophole-free Bell tests. It is possible to adapt to time-varying experimental parameters. We formulate the framework for the general situation where the trial probability distributions are constrained to a known set. Randomness expansion with logarithmic settings entropy is possible for many relevant configurations. We implement probability estimation numerically and apply it to a representative settings-conditional probability distribution of the outcomes from an atomic loophole-free Bell test [Rosenfeld et al., Phys. Rev. Lett. 119:010402 (2017), arXiv:1611.04604 (2016)] to illustrate trade-offs between the amount of randomness, error, settings entropy, unknown settings biases, and number of trials. We then show that probability estimation yields more randomness from the loophole-free Bell-test data analyzed in [Bierhorst et al., arXiv:1702.05178 (2017)] and tolerates adversarial settings probability biases.
Bistatic Full-wave Radar Tomography Detects Deep Interior Voids, Cracks, and Boulders in a Rubble-pile Asteroid Model

In this paper, we investigate full-wave computed radar tomography (CRT) using a rubble-pile asteroid model in which a realistic shape (Itokawa) is coupled with a synthetic material composition and structure model. The aim is to show that sparse bistatic radar measurements can distinguish details inside a complex-structured rubble-pile asteroid. The results obtained suggest that distinct local permittivity distribution changes such as surface layers, voids, low-permittivity anomalies, high-permittivity boulders, and cracks can be detected with bistatic CRT, when the total noise level in the data is around −10 dB with respect to the signal amplitude. Moreover, the bistatic measurement setup improves the robustness of the inversion compared to the monostatic case. Reconstructing the smooth Gaussian background distribution was found to be difficult with the present approach, suggesting that complementary techniques, such as gravimetry, might be needed to improve the reliability of the inference in practice.
Effect of Intelligent Multi-Association in Civil Aircraft-Augmented SAGIN

Although 5G networks have gradually commercialized, many scenarios like emergency areas and remote regions still exist with vast communication problems. In this paper, we provide a detailed analysis of civil-aircraft augmented space-air-ground integrated networks (CAA-SAGIN), where the user’s association strategy can be determined intelligently. First, we discuss the influence of the spatial distribution of civil aircrafts (CAs) and satellites on the Rician factor. Then, we provide a novel and simple expression of moment-generating functions related to small-fading variables. With massive visible access points (APs), we combine two user-centric connectivity methods, i.e., multiple resource blocks in a single AP (MRB-SA) and collaborative connectivity in multiple APs (CC-MA), and each segment’s ergodic capacity and coverage probability are investigated respectively. The numerical results demonstrate that CA networks can provide similar coverage and capacity performance as satellite networks in the given range. The advantages of introducing CAs to the satellite-terrestrial integrated networks are significant under the combined connectivity methods. This paper quantitatively proves CA networks’ benefits in capacity and coverage and lays a theoretical foundation for CAA-SAGIN.
Multiparametric Magnetic Resonance Imaging and Metabolic Characterization of Patient-Derived Xenograft Models of Clear Cell Renal Cell Carcinoma

Patient-derived xenografts (PDX) are high-fidelity cancer models typically credentialled by genomics, transcriptomics and proteomics. Characterization of metabolic reprogramming, a hallmark of cancer, is less frequent. Dysregulated metabolism is a key feature of clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC) and authentic preclinical models are needed to evaluate novel imaging and therapeutic approaches targeting metabolism. We characterized 5 PDX from high-grade or metastatic ccRCC by multiparametric magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and steady state metabolic profiling and flux analysis. Similar to MRI of clinical ccRCC, T2-weighted images of orthotopic tumors of most PDX were homogeneous. The increased hyperintense (cystic) areas observed in one PDX mimicked the cystic phenotype typical of some RCC. The negligible hypointense (necrotic) areas of PDX grown under the highly vascularized renal capsule are beneficial for preclinical studies. Mean apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) values were equivalent to those of ccRCC in human patients. Hyperpolarized (HP) [1-13C]pyruvate MRI of PDX showed high glycolytic activity typical of high-grade primary and metastatic ccRCC with considerable intra- and inter-tumoral variability, as has been observed in clinical HP MRI of ccRCC. Comparison of steady state metabolite concentrations and metabolic flux in [U-13C]glucose-labeled tumors highlighted the distinctive phenotypes of two PDX with elevated levels of numerous metabolites and increased fractional enrichment of lactate and/or glutamate, capturing the metabolic heterogeneity of glycolysis and the TCA cycle in clinical ccRCC. Culturing PDX cells and reimplanting to generate xenografts (XEN), or passaging PDX in vivo, altered some imaging and metabolic characteristics while transcription remained like that of the original PDX. These findings show that PDX are realistic models of ccRCC for imaging and metabolic studies but that the plasticity of metabolism must be considered when manipulating PDX for preclinical studies.
Inferences from pulsational amplitudes and phases for multimode delta Sct star FG Vir

We combine photometric and spectroscopic data on twelve modes excited in FG Vir to determine their spherical harmonic degrees � , and to obtain constraints on the star model. The effective temperature consistent with the mean colours and the pulsation data is about 7200 K. In six cases, theidentification is unique with above 80% probability. Two modes are identified as radial. Simultaneously with � , we determine a complex parameter f which probes subphotospheric stellar layers. Comparing its values with those derived from models assuming different treatment of convection, we find evidence that convective transport in the envelope of this star is inefficient.
FLOQUET FORMALISM OF QUANTUM PUMPS

We review Floquet formalism of quantum electron pumps. In the Floquet formalism the quantum pump is regarded as a time dependent scattering system, which allows us to go beyond the adiabatic limit. It can be shown that the well-known adiabatic formula given by Brouwer can be derived from the adiabatic limit of Floquet formalism. We compare various physical properties of the quantum pump both in the adiabatic and in the non-adiabatic regime using the Floquet theory.
HS 2231+2441: an HW Vir system composed of a low-mass white dwarf and a brown dwarf

HW Vir systems are rare evolved eclipsing binaries composed by a hot compact star and a low-mass main-sequence star in a close orbit. These systems provide a direct way to measure the fundamental properties, e.g. masses and radii, of their components, hence they are crucial to study the formation of sdB stars and low-mass white dwarfs, the common-envelope phase, and the pre-phase of cataclysmic variables. Here we present a detailed study of HS 2231+2441, an HW Vir type system, by analysing BVR$_C$I$_C$ photometry and phase-resolved optical spectroscopy. The spectra of this system, which are dominated by the primary component features, were fitted using NLTE models providing effective temperature Teff = 28500$\pm$500 K, surface gravity log g = 5.40$\pm$0.05 cm s$^{-2}$, and helium abundance log(n(He)/n(H)) = -2.52$\pm$0.07. Geometrical orbit and physical parameters were derived by modelling simultaneously the photometric and spectroscopic data using the Wilson-Devinney code. We derive two possible solutions for HS 2231+2441 that provide component's masses: M$_1$ = 0.19 M$_{\odot}$ and M$_2$ = 0.036 M$_{\odot}$ or M$_1$ = 0.288 M$_{\odot}$ and M$_2$ = 0.046 M$_{\odot}$. Considering the possible evolutionary channels to form a compact hot star, the primary of HS 2231+2441 probably evolved through the red-giant branch scenario and does not have a helium-burning core, which is consistent with a low-mass white dwarf. Both solutions are consistent with a brown dwarf as the secondary.
Distribution of Spectral Lags in Gamma-Ray Bursts

Using the data acquired in the time-to-spill (TTS) mode for long gamma-ray bursts (GRBs) by the Burst and Transient Source Experiment (BATSE) on board the Compton Gamma Ray Observatory (CGRO), we have carefully measured spectral lags in time between the low (25-55 keV) and high (110-320 keV) energy bands of individual pulses contained in 64 multipeak GRBs. We find that a temporal lead by higher energy γ-ray photons (i.e., positive lags) is the norm in this selected sample set of long GRBs. While relatively few in number, some pulses of several long GRBs do show negative lags. This distribution of spectral lags in long GRBs is in contrast to that in short GRBs. This apparent difference poses challenges to and places constraints on the physical mechanism(s) for producing long and short GRBs. The relation between the pulse peak count rates and the spectral lags is also examined. Observationally, there seems to be no clear evidence for a systematic spectral lag-luminosity connection for pulses within a given long GRB.
Long waves on a beach

Equations of motion are derived for long waves in water of varying depth. The equations are for small amplitude waves, but do include non-linear terms. They correspond to the Boussinesq equations for water of constant depth. Solutions have been calculated numerically for a solitary wave on a beach of uniform slope. These solutions include a reflected wave, which is also derived analytically by using the linearized long-wave equations.