Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
RiskSOAP: On the Relationship Between Systems Safety and the Risk SA Provision Capability

It is generally accepted that there is a relation between safety and awareness. Yet, there is no quantitative evidence for this relationship because the correlated entities are difficult to be quantified. This paper responds to this challenge by measuring the “risk situation awareness (SA) provision (RiskSOAP) capability. ” According to the complex sociotechnical system design and development, there is an inherent capability of each system part to provide its agent with SA about the presence of system threats and vulnerabilities, possibly leading to accidents. This capability is called herein “risk SA” and stems from the number, type, and characteristics of the elements that shape the system parts; laying the foundation for the emergence of risk SA on a system level. Under this notion, this paper adopts the RiskSOAP methodology as a means to quantify the different states of a system in terms of its RiskSOAP capability, using the Überlingen mid-air collision accident as a case study. The case study results showed that the RiskSOAP capability degrades while the system is headed to the accident state. This is attributed to the presence of flaws in the system involved in the Überlingen accident. This study also offers insight to the limitations of the proposed methodology and suggests the future work to overcome them.
Changes in Sleep and Wakefulness Following 5-HT1A Ligands Given Systemically and Locally in Different Brain Regions

Serotonin (5-HT) has been implicated in the regulation of vigilance, but whether 5-HT is important for sleep or waking processes remains controversial. This review addresses the role of 5-HT1A receptors in sleep and wakefulness. Systemic administration of 5-HT1A agonists consistently increases wakefulness, whereas slow wave sleep (SWS) and REM (rapid-eye movement) sleep are reduced. However, systemic 5-HT1A agonists also produce a delayed increase in deep slow wave sleep, or an increase in slow wave activity. Intrathecal administration of a selective 5-HT1A agonist produces an increase in SWS, whereas wakefulness is reduced, presumably by stimulating 5-HT1A receptors located presynaptically on primary afferents in the spinal cord. Microinjection of serotonin into the region of the cholinergic basalis neurons produces an increase in slow wave activity, presumably by stimulating 5-HT1A receptors. Microdialysis perfusion of a selective 5-HT1A agonist into the dorsal Raphe nucleus causes an increase in REM sleep, whereas the other sleep/wake stages are unaltered. The REM sleep increase is likely due to a decrease in 5-HT neuronal activity, and thereby reduced 5-HT neurotransmission in projection areas, e.g. the laterodorsal and pedunculopontine tegmental nuclei. Direct injection of a selective 5-HT1A agonist into the pedunculopontine tegmental nuclei reduces REM sleep, consistent with such a hypothesis. These complex sleep/wake data of 5-HT1A ligands suggest that 5-HT1A receptor activation may increase waking, increase slow wave sleep or increase REM sleep depending on where the 5-HT1A receptors are located within the central nervous system.
Improving Relationships with Small Business Buyers

Abstract This paper focuses on a critical examination of the potential role of balance theory as a tool for marketers who seek to enhance their relationships with small business buyers. The nature of the theory and its potential contributions are discussed. An empirical test of the theory is provided and implications based on this assessment are set forth. The data employed in the test suggest that this theory has potential valuable contributions for marketers who serve small business buyers.
Adriamycin therapy in advanced mycosis fungoides

Thirteen patients with advanced mycosis fungoides received induction therapy with Adriamycin, 60/m2 I.V. repeated at 21‐day intervals. Ten patients had extensive skin tumors; all patients had lymph node enlargement with mycosis fungoides involvement in eight; four patients had biopsy‐proven visceral involvement. Only two patients had received no prior therapy. The overall response rate with Adriamycin therapy was 85% with three patients (23%) achieving a biopsy‐proven complete remission and five patients (39%) partial remissions. The median number of courses to maximum response was two (range two to four). The principle toxicity was myelosuppression, but this was not severe and the entire group received more than 90% of the intended doses of Adriamycin. One patient developed probable Adriamycin cariotoxicity. Maintenance therapy for patients achieving a remission was methotrexate 15 mg/m2 I.M. twice weekly and cyclophosphamide 750 mg/m2 I.V. every 21 days. The median duration of complete remission was 32+ weeks (range 16+ −40+ weeks) while the median duration of partial remission was 18 weeks (range 8–111+ weeks). Adriamycin has proven to be an effective induction agent in the treatment of advanced mycosis fungoides and its incorporation into combination chemotherapy regimens is warranted.
Exchange rates policy and productivity

This dissertation investigates how the real effective exchange rate (REER) and its associated asurements (REER volatility and REER misalignment) affect total factor productivity growth (TFPG). It also analyzes the channels through which the REER and its associated measurements act on total factor productivity (TFP). The first part studies how the REER itself, on the one hand, and the REER volatility, on the other hand, influence productivity. An analysis of the link between the level of REER and TFP in chapter 1 reveals that an exchange rate appreciation causes an increase of TFP. But this impact is also nonlinear: below the threshold, real exchange rate influences negatively productivity while above the threshold it acts positively. The results of chapter 2 illustrate that REER volatility affects negatively TFPG. We also found that REER volatility acts on TFP according to the level of financial development. For moderately financially developed countries, REER volatility reacts negatively on productivity and has no effect on productivity for very low and very high levels of financial development. The second part examines the channels through which the REER and its associated measurements influence productivity. The results of chapter 3 illustrate that the exchange rate volatility has a strong negative impact on investment. This outcome is robust in low income and middle income countries, and by using an alternative measurement of exchange rate volatility. Chapter 4 show that both real exchange rate misalignment and real exchange rate volatility affect negatively exports. It also demonstrates that real exchange rate volatility is more harmful to exports than misalignment. These outcomes are corroborated by estimations on subsamples of Low- ncome and Middle-Income countries
Determinants of physical fitness in males with systolic heart failure.

BACKGROUND Heart failure (HF) is a systemic disease which affects mainly older adults. The main symptom of HF is exercise intolerance which in the course of disease can cause limitations in independent functioning. So far no study on the impact of HF on physical fitness in men, regardless of disease severity, has been reported. AIM To evaluate physical fitness in men with HF independently of age, HF severity, concomitant diseases and pharmacological treatment. METHODS The study group consisted of 228 men with stable systolic dysfunction (age 60+/-11, left ventricular ejection fraction--LVEF 29+/-9%, NYHA class I/II/III/IV--17/44/35/4%). In order to assess physical fitness the Functional Fitness Test by Rikli and Jones for older adults was used. RESULTS The level of physical fitness decreased with age. Patients with greater severity of HF had worse aerobic endurance, agility and muscular endurance in comparison with men in NYHA classes I-II. A lower level of agility and dynamic balance was found in patients with higher concentration of NT-proBNP and lower levels of haemoglobin and eGFR. Coexisting atrial fibrillation and diabetes mellitus were associated with decreased physical fitness. No relationship between flexibility and clinical parameters or concomitant diseases was found in the study group. CONCLUSIONS The most important determinants of physical fitness in men with HF were age and NYHA class. Additional factors which decreased physical fitness were atrial fibrillation and diabetes mellitus. Higher level of NT-proBNP and lower levels of haemoglobin were associated with a reduction of upper body strength and aerobic endurance.
Commissural propriospinal connections between the lateral aspects of laminae III–IV in the lumbar spinal cord of rats

It has been established that there is a strong functional link between sensory neural circuits on the two sides of the spinal cord. In one of our recent studies we provided a morphological confirmation of this functional phenomenon, presenting evidence for the presence of a direct commissural connection between the lateral aspects of the dorsal horn on the two sides of the lumbar spinal cord. By using a combination of neural tracing and immunocytochemical detection of neural markers like vesicular glutamate transporters, glutamic acid decarboxylase, glycine transporter, and met‐enkephalin (which are characteristic of various subsets of excitatory and inhibitory neurons), we investigated here the distribution, synaptic relations, and neurochemical characteristics of the commissural axon terminals. We found that the cells of origin of commissural fibers in the lateral aspect of the dorsal horn were confined to laminae III–IV and projected to the corresponding area of the contralateral gray matter. Most of the commissural axon terminals established synaptic contacts with dendrites. Axospinous or axosomatic synaptic contacts were found in limited numbers. We demonstrated that interactions among commissural neurons also exist. More than three‐fourths of the labeled axon terminals were immunostained for glutamic acid decarboxylase and/or glycine transporter, but none of them showed positive immunoreaction for met‐enkephalin and vesicular glutamate transporters. The results indicate that there is a substantial reciprocal commissural synaptic interaction between the lateral aspects of laminae III–IV on the two sides of the lumbar spinal cord and that this pathway may transmit both inhibitory and excitatory signals to their postsynaptic targets. J. Comp. Neurol. 480:364–377, 2004. © 2004 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Non-AIDS defining cancers.

MEDICINE & HEALTH/RHODE ISLAND Reductions in HIV-associated morbidity and mortality in the era of highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) have been accompanied by increases in the incidence of some malignancies in people with HIV/ AIDS. Indeed, malignancy is now one of the most frequent causes of death and leading cause of hospitalizations in HIV-infected people in the HAART era. The World Health Organization (WHO) recognizes three malignancies as AIDS-defining cancers: Kaposi sarcoma (KS), nonHodgkin Lymphoma (NHL), and cervical cancer. These neoplasms were called “AIDS-defining” because of their incidence in patients with low CD4 counts; hence, they are thought to be directly related to the degree of immunodeficiency. In the last decades, in people with HIV/AIDS, non-AIDS-defining cancers (NADC) (anal cancer, liver cancer, skin cancer, Hodgkin lymphoma, head and neck cancer, lung cancer, among others) have been increasing. These neoplasms occur with greater frequency in HIVpositive patients than in the general population, but are not thought to be directly associated with the degree of immunosuppression. Some of these malignancies are associated with risk factors thought to be more common in HIVpositive populations (smoking, alcohol consumption and coinfection with oncoviruses), but for others the underlying pathophysiology is less understood.
The Cluster 1 Type VI Secretion System Is a Major Virulence Determinant in Burkholderia pseudomallei

ABSTRACT The Burkholderia pseudomallei K96243 genome encodes six type VI secretion systems (T6SSs), but little is known about the role of these systems in the biology of B. pseudomallei. In this study, we purified recombinant Hcp proteins from each T6SS and tested them as vaccine candidates in the BALB/c mouse model of melioidosis. Recombinant Hcp2 protected 80% of mice against a lethal challenge with K96243, while recombinant Hcp1, Hcp3, and Hcp6 protected 50% of mice against challenge. Hcp6 was the only Hcp constitutively produced by B. pseudomallei in vitro; however, it was not exported to the extracellular milieu. Hcp1, on the other hand, was produced and exported in vitro when the VirAG two-component regulatory system was overexpressed in trans. We also constructed six hcp deletion mutants (Δhcp1 through Δhcp6) and tested them for virulence in the Syrian hamster model of infection. The 50% lethal doses (LD50s) for the Δhcp2 through Δhcp6 mutants were indistinguishable from K96243 (<10 bacteria), but the LD50 for the Δhcp1 mutant was >103 bacteria. The hcp1 deletion mutant also exhibited a growth defect in RAW 264.7 macrophages and was unable to form multinucleated giant cells in this cell line. Unlike K96243, the Δhcp1 mutant was only weakly cytotoxic to RAW 264.7 macrophages 18 h after infection. The results suggest that the cluster 1 T6SS is essential for virulence and plays an important role in the intracellular lifestyle of B. pseudomallei.
A 5-year experience with surgical repair of atrial septal defect employing limited exposure

Abstract Background There has been a trend in recent years towards less invasive therapy for many congenital cardiac malformations. For the past 5 years, we have employed a technique of limited surgical exposure when repairing atrial defects within the oval fossa. Methods Over the 5-year period from July 1992 to August 1997, 115 consecutive patients underwent surgical repair of an isolated atrial septal defect in the region of the oval fossa by a single surgeon. The patients had a limited midline skin incision starting at the line of the nipples and extending inferiorly across 2 to 3 intercostal spaces. A partial sternotomy was performed, sparing the manubrium. Standard instruments and cannulation techniques were used for cardiopulmonary bypass and fibrillatory arrest. Results There were no deaths and no major complications. The median time to extubation after leaving the operating room was 3 hours (30 minutes to 8 days). Mediastinal drains were removed the morning after surgery. The median stay in the intensive care unit was 7 hours (3 hours to 10 days), and patients were discharged from the hospital a median of 4 days postopera-tively (2 to 23 days). Conclusions This approach using limited exposure can be applied safely without any new instruments and without peripheral incisions or sites of vascular access, while providing a comfortable exposure for the surgeon and achieving a cosmetically superior result for the patient.
Leadership Development: Paths to Self-Insight and Professional Growth

Contents: E.A. Fleishman, Series Foreword. Preface. Introduction: Dimensions of Effective Leadership. Part I:Psychological Processes Underlying Leadership Behavior. Self-Insight: Prerequisite for Understanding Others and the Environment. Self-Regulation: Processes for Maintaining Motivation and Resilience. Self-Identity: Personal Directions for Development. Part II:Support for Leadership Development. The Leadership Development Process. Feedback Processes. 360-Degree Feedback. Coaching Processes. Development Programs. Part III:Challenges and Opportunities. Overcoming Career Barriers. Becoming a Continuous Learner. Conclusion: Becoming a Principled, Diplomatic Leader.
Yes, I Destroyed the Evidence – Sue Me? Intentional Spoliation of Evidence in Illinois

This Article examines the availability of intentional spoliation as an independent cause of action under Illinois law. The topic is timely in light of the on-going debate and uncertainly surrounding spoliation of evidence law. Given the importance and timeliness of this topic, this Article is aimed not only at legal academics, but also at judges, legislators, and practitioners. This Article is among the first to focus on intentional spoliation in Illinois. In short, it argues that the Illinois Supreme Court should recognize intentional spoliation as an independent tort. After providing background about spoliation generally, and the watershed case of Boyd v. Travelers Insurance Company, the Article details the policy interests at stake and sets forth a strong case for permitting a tort for intentional spoliation.
Pharmacokinetics of Amiodarone in hyperlipidemic and simulated high fat‐meal rat models

The objective of this study was to examine the effect of a high fat meal and hyperlipidemia on the pharmacokinetic behavior of amiodarone. To evaluate these effects, single doses of amiodarone were administered to rats i.v. (25 mg/kg) or orally (50 mg/kg). Some rats were rendered hyperlipidemic by intraperitoneal doses of poloxamer 407 followed by amiodarone i.v. In other normolipidemic rats, amiodarone was administered i.v. in a fasted state or after the administration of 1% cholesterol in peanut oil. Amiodarone plasma concentrations were considerably (>11‐fold) increased in hyperlipidemia. Substantial decreases were noted in the clearance, volume of distribution and unbound fraction (11.6, 23 and 24.7‐fold, respectively) in plasma of hyperlipidemic rats. Oral lipid caused a significant increase in plasma AUC0−∞ (1.38‐fold) and a significant decrease in clearance (1.5‐fold) of amiodarone after intravenous doses. Oral consumption of 1% cholesterol in peanut oil significantly increased the plasma AUC (1.83‐fold) and bioavailability of amiodarone (1.31‐fold) after oral doses. In determining oral bioavailability of lipophilic drugs such as amiodarone in food effect studies, in addition to the increase in absorption of drugs, other factors such as a decrease in clearance due to increases in lipoprotein levels should be taken into account. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Is 1,25-Dihydroxyvitamin D Required for Reproduction?

Abstract The role of 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D (1,25-(OH)2D) in avian and mammalian reproduction is examined. 1,25-Dihydroxyvitamin D is required, in both the avian and mammalian species, for maintenance of normocalcemia, adequate intestinal calcium absorption, bone turnover, and mineral homeostasis throughout the reproductive cycle— just as it is required in the nonlaying bird or nonpregnant, nonlactating mammal. In the avian species, 1,25-(OH)2D is required for ovulation and shell formation, transfer of calcium from the egg shell across the chorioallantoic membrane to the fetal circulation, and maintenance of fetal serum calcium, bone metabolism, and mineral homeostasis. In the mammalian species, 1,25-(OH)2D is required for normal ovulation, normal fetal and neonatal bone metabolism, milk production, and maintenance of normocalcemia and mineral homeostasis in the neonate. In the absence of 1,25-(OH)2D, however, embryogenesis (rat and chick) and neonatal development (rat) can proceed in such a way as to produce viable, normal appearing offspring. The classical effects of 1,25-(OH)2D deficiency (hypocacemia, inadequate intestinal calcium absorption, and bone mineralization) become increasingly apparent with advancing age but their are no other apparent major developmental abnormalities.
Everything you Need to Know about Internet Marketing

Escalona-Munoz, F. (2010). La Vision convencional del turismo segun sus primeros codificadores (los grundisse de Hunzinker y Krapf, 1972). Turydes: revista de investigacion en turismo y Desarroll, 3(8), 1–20. Jafari, J. (2005). The scientification of tourism. In Valene Smith (Ed.), Host and guest revisited: Tourism issues of the 21st century (pp. 28–41). New York: Cognizant. Korstanje, M. (2011). Mitologia y turismo: La exegesis como interpretacion hermeneutica’’. Estudios y Perspectivas en Turismo, 20(6), 1258–1280. Tribe, J. (2011). Tribes, territories and networks in the tourism academy. Annals of Tourism Research, 37, 7–33.
Robust adaptive beamforming in software defined radio with adaptive diagonal loading

Adaptive beamforming techniques, in which the radiation pattern of array of elements can be adaptively changed to reject interference signals, may provide significant performance advantages in tactical radio communication systems. Adaptive beamforming algorithms may be very sensitive to array characteristics and RF/IF imperfections. Differences between receiver channels and antenna element positioning errors cause amplitude and phase imbalances between channels. In a software defined radio where a signal-to-noise-ratio (SNR) estimator is available, an adaptive diagonal loading (ADL) can be used to mitigate these problems. In this paper a minimum variance distortionless response (MVDR) beamformer with the ADL is presented. The harmful effects of amplitude and phase imbalances as well as signal-of-interest (SOI) nulling problem known with MVDR beamformer when direction-of-arrival (DOA) estimation error has occurred are effectively mitigated. Also the problem with small and coherent interference signals can be avoided. Extensive simulation results are presented using an eight-element uniform circular array (UCA).
DESIGN AND DEVELOPMENT OF HYDROXYZINE HYDROCHLORIDE CONTROLLED RELEASE TABLETS BASED ON MICROSPONGE TECNOLOGY

The purpose of the present study aims to design novel drug delivery system containing hydroxyzine hydrochloride microsponges and to prepare controlled release microsponge tablets. Hydroxyzine hydrochloride is an anti-histaminic drug used in the treatment of urticaria and pruritus. It has a half-life of about 3-4hrs. The Microsponge Delivery System is a unique technology for the controlled release of active agents, and it consists of porous polymeric microspheres, typically 10–50 μm in diameter. Microsponges of the drug were prepared by using polymer Methocel 10000cps and in combination with Eudragit –S 100, Eudragit-L 100, Eudragit-RL 100 and Eudragit-RS 100. These are prepared by oil in oil emulsion solvent diffusion method using acetone as dispersing solvent and liquid paraffin as the continuous medium. Magnesium stearate was added to the dispersed phase to prevent flocculation of polymeric microsponges. Compatibility of the drug with adjuncts was studied by FT-IR. Production yield, loading efficiency, particle size analysis, surface morphology and invitro release studies were carried out. The microsponge formulation (F8) was found to be stable at 40ᴼC and 75% relative humidity with respect to particle size, loading efficiency and invitro drug release. The optimized microsponge formulation F8 was compressed into tablets by using different diluents (Microcrystalline cellulose, directly compressible lactose and directly compressible dicalcium phosphate dihydrate). Mechanically strong tablets were obtained owing to plastic deformation of sponge like structure of microsponges. Thickness, hardness, friability, % drug content and invitro release studies were done on microsponge tablets. The results were kinetically evaluated and the release rate of hydroxyzine hydrochloride was found to be zero order. The microsponge tablet formulation, F11 showed controlled release of hydroxyzine hydrochloride for 12hrs.