Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
A matrix‐exponential decomposition‐based time‐domain method for band structure calculation of one‐dimensional periodic structures

A time‐domain method for calculating the band structure of one‐dimensional periodic structures is proposed. During the time‐stepping of the method, the column vector containing the spatially sampled field data is updated by multiplying with an iteration matrix. The iteration matrix is first obtained by using the matrix‐exponential decomposition technique. Then, the small nonzero elements of the matrix are pruned to improve its sparse structure, so that the efficiency of the matrix–vector multiplication involved in each time‐step is enhanced. The numerical results show that the method is conditionally stable but is much more stable than the conventional finite‐difference time‐domain (FDTD) method. The time‐step with which the method runs stably can be much larger than the Courant–Friedrichs–Lewy (CFL) limit. And moreover, the method is found to be particularly efficient for the band structure calculation of large‐scale structures containing a defect with a very high wave speed, where the conventional FDTD method may generally lose its efficiency severely. For this kind of structures, not only the stability requirement can be significantly relaxed, but also the matrix‐pruning operation can be very effectively performed. In the numerical experiments for large‐scale quasi‐periodic phononic crystal structures containing a defect layer, significantly higher efficiency than the conventional FDTD method can be achieved by the proposed method without an evident accuracy deterioration if the wave speed of the defect layer is relatively high. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Theoretical analysis of effects of wind velocity gradient on wind turbine design

The power of the wind passing through the rotor swept area was analysed and calculated based on the wind velocity exponential distribution with three calculation methods.The result of numerical integration showed that wind velocity gradient had only a little influence on aerodynamic design of wind turbine.Thus,taking the wind velocity at the rotor center as its design velocity would be feasible for four wind shear exponents and seven tower heights.
Reducing the search space for physically realistic human motion synthesis

Being able to animate a human character in a way that does not require the expertise of a professional animator can be useful in many different applications: children would be able to animate stories, witnesses would be able to visually describe an accident to lawyers, football fans would be able to re-produce their favorite football plays. These applications and others like them have motivated this thesis: it focuses on the development of methods that given a sketch of the desired motion, can interactively create a physically realistic motion that matches that sketch. This problem is very hard to solve in part because human-like characters are high-dimensional and therefore the space of their motions also appears to be high-dimensional. However, the high dimensionality of the problem is an artifact of the problem representation because most dynamic human motions are intrinsically low-dimensional with legs and arms operating in a coordinated way. For example, six to eight dimensions' are enough to represent a human jump that looks quite similar to the original high-dimensional version. In this thesis, we experiment with two different approaches that use this observation to build a compact (reduced-space) representation of the motion based on available motion capture data. In the first part of the thesis we build a continuous low-dimensional representation of the desired motion. By confining the solution to a smaller search space, we are able to synthesize physically realistic motion for a human character that matches a rough sketch provided by the user. In the second part of the thesis, we build a discrete reduced-space representation of the desired motion. This representation can be viewed as a combination of the motion graph and interpolation techniques. The final motion is an interpolation of k time-scaled paths through the motion graph. We assess its physical correctness using our analysis of the physical correctness of interpolated motions. The optimization in the discrete space supports interactive frame rates and allows for the synthesis of less dynamic motions and motions that are sequences of different behaviors. We also demonstrate how to search a motion graph of a reasonable size for an optimal (or nearly-optimal) solution. For both, the continuous and discrete optimization approaches the synthesized motion is likely to contain natural coordination patterns because the solution is constrained to a much smaller search space computed based on motion capture data. This objective is difficult to describe mathematically and is often not achieved when optimizing in the full search space. In the last chapter of the thesis, we compare the two approaches and provide some intuition as to when one is more applicable than the another.
Nonnegative Matrix Factorization Based on Projected Gradient and Underapproximation Method

In order to improve the ability of the parts-based representations of the Nonnegative Matrix Factorization(NMF) algorithm,this paper proposes a NMF based on projected gradient and underapproximation method——Projected Gradient Nonnegative Matrix Underapproximation(PGNMU). By adding the upper bound constraint,it applies the important features of the basis matrixs that are extracted by using the alternating iterative method based on the projected gradient methods to the experiments.Compared with previously published methods on the CBCL and ORL database,results show that the method has the better sparseness and better recognition rate than the others.
Relationships among elastic-wave values (R pp , R ps , R ss , Vp, Vs, ρ, σ, κ)

The average Vp/Vs value of a set of layers is a weighted sum of the interval velocity ratios. The average value is also bounded by the maximum and minimum interval values. The average value will change according to changes in the target layer. The thicker the layer, the greater its influence on the average value. The approximate equations for converted-wave reflectivity R ps and pure-shear reflectivity R ss can be combined to give a simple relationship between the two: R ps ~ 4sin(θ)R ss , where θ is the reflection angle of the shear wave. The normalized elastic parameters ( Δα α , Δβ β , Δρ ρ ) are estimated from summed P-P and P-S reflection coefficients using a linear inversion method. Normalized Poisson’s ratio ( Δσ σ ) and Lame parameters ( Δλ λ , Δκ κ ) can then be computed from the estimated velocity and density changes.
DIRECT NUMERICAL SIMULATION OF UNSTEADY DECELERATING FLOWS

Direct numerical simulations are performed for a turbulent flow subjected to a sudden change in pressure gradient. The calculations are started from a fully-developed turbulent channel flow at Reτ=180 and 360. The pressure gradient of the channel flow is then changed abruptly. The responses of the turbulence quantities (e.g., turbulence intensities, Reynolds shear stress, and vorticity fluctuations) and the near-wall turbulence structure to the pressure gradient change are investigated. It is found that there are two different relaxations: a fast relaxation at the early stage and a slow one at the later stage. The early response of the velocity fluctuations shows an anisotropic response of the near-wall turbulence.
Chromatic number of Harary graphs

Abstract A proper coloring of a graph G is a function from the vertices of the graph to a set of colors such that any two adjacent vertices have different colors, and the chromatic number of G is the minimum number of colors needed in a proper coloring of a graph. In this paper, we will find the chromatic number of the Harary graphs, which are the circulant graphs in some cases.
Classification de couverts végétaux par analyse de textures couleurs d’images satellites haute résolution

Cet article presente une application de la teledetection pour la gestion des espaces forestiers des iles des Caraibes. La problematique generale est la protection des forets par le suivi de leurs frontieres avec les zones agricoles. Cette problematique est particulierement sensible du fait du caractere insulaire des forets et difficile du fait d'une occupation heterogene du territoire. En effet, les parcelles agricoles sont de taille et forme tres variees, reparties sur tout le territoire et souvent melees a la vegetation. Le suivi des frontieres necessite de reconnaitre et localiser les dierents couverts vegetaux. Apres une recherche de l'espace couleur hybride adapte a l'image et une fusion des differentes bandes acquises par un satellite (afin de combiner haute resolution spatiale et spectrale), une caracterisation des differents couverts est obtenue en calculant des descripteurs de couleur et de texture. Differentes methodes d'extraction (matrices de co-occurrences, moment de Hu, filtre de Laws, filtre de Gabor.) sont utilisees pour calculer ces descripteurs. Une classification est ensuite appliquee pour segmenter l'image. Pour la validation de l'approche, l'absence de verite terrain a contraint les experts a realiser une evaluation visuelle.
Topologizing Different Classes of Real Functions

Abstract The purpose of this paper is to examine which classes of functions from can be topologized in a sense that there exist topologies τ1 and τ2 on and respectively, such that is equal to the class C(τ1 , τ2) of all continuous functions . We will show that the Generalized Continuum Hypothesis GCH implies the positive answer for this question for a large number of classes of functions for which the sets {x : f(x) = g(x)} are small in some sense for all f, g ∈ f ≠ g. The topologies will be Hausdorff and connected. It will be also shown that in some model of set theory ZFC with GCH these topologies could be completely regular and Baire. One of the corollaries of this theorem is that GCH implies the existence of a connected Hausdorff topology T on such that the class L of all linear functions g(x) = ax + b coincides with . This gives an affirmative answer to a question of Sam Nadler. The above corollary remains true for the class of all polynomials, the class of all analytic functions and the class of all harmonic functions. We will also prove that several other classes of real functions cannot be topologized. This includes the classes of C∞ functions, differentiable functions, Darboux functions and derivatives.
Double Chooz neutrino detector: Neutron detection systematic errors and detector seasonal stability

In March 2012, the Double Chooz reactor neutrino experiment published its most precise result so far: sin 2θ13 = 0.109 ± 0.030(stat.) ± 0.025(syst.). The statistical significance is 99.8% away from the no-oscillation hypothesis. The systematic uncertainties from background and detection efficiency are smaller than the first publication of the Double Chooz experiment. The neutron detection efficiency, one of the biggest contributions in detection systematic uncertainties, is a primary topic of this dissertation. The neutron detection efficiency is the product of three factors: the Gd-capture fraction, the efficiency of time difference between prompt and delayed signals, and the efficiency of energy containment. Cf is used to determine the three factors in this study. The neutron detection efficiency from the Cf result is confirmed by the electron antineutrino data and Monte Carlo simulations. The systematic uncertainty from the neutron detection efficiency is 0.91% used in the sin 2θ13 analysis. The seasonal variation in detector performance and the seasonal variations of the muon intensity are described in detail as well. The detector stability is confirmed by observation of two phenomena: 1) the νe rate, which is seen to be uncorrelated with the liquid scintillator temperature, and 2) the daily muon rate, which has the expected correspondence with the effective atmospheric temperature. The correlation between the muon rate and effective atmospheric temperature is further analyzed in this thesis to determine the ratio of kaon to pion in the local atmosphere. An upper limit on instability of the neutron detection efficiency is established in the final chapter. The systematic error, 0.13%, from the relative instability is the deviation of the calibration runs. This thesis concludes with the potential systematic errors of neutron detection efficiency and estimation of how these potential systematic errors affect the result of sin 2θ13. DOUBLE CHOOZ NEUTRINO DETECTOR: NEUTRON DETECTION SYSTEMATIC ERRORS AND DETECTOR SEASONAL STABILITY by PI-JUNG CHANG B. Sc. , Soochow University, Taiwan, 2002 M. Sc. , National Taiwan Normal University, Taiwan, 2005 A DISSERTATION submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY Department of Physics College of Arts and Sciences KANSAS STATE UNIVERSITY Manhattan, Kansas 2013
Phonons in Quantum-Dot Quantum Well

Phonon modes of AlAs/GaAs/AlAs and GaAs/AlAs/metal Pb quantum-dot quantum wells (QDQW's) with the whole scale up to 90 Å are calculated by using valence force field model (VFFM) based on group theory. Their optical frequency spectra are divided into two nonoverlapping bands, the AlAs-like band and the GaAs-like band, originated from and having frequency interval inside the bulk AlAs optical band and bulk GaAs optical band, respectively. The GaAs-LO -like modes of QDQW's that have maximum bulk GaAs-LO parentages in all modes covering the whole frequency region and all symmetries have always A1 symmetry. Its frequency is controllable by adjusting the structure parameters. In AlAs/GaAs/AlAs, it may be controlled to meet any designed frequency in GaAs-like band. The results on GaAs/AlAs/metal Pb QDQW's show the same effect of reducing in interface optical phonons by using the metal/semiconductor interface revealed ever by macroscopic model. The frequency spectra in both GaAs-like and AlAs-like optical phonon bands are independent of the thickness of Pb shell as long as the thickness of Pb shell is no less than 5 Å. Defects at metal/AlAs interface have significant influence to AlAs-like optical modes but have only minor influence to GaAs-like optical modes. All these results are important for the studying of the e-ph interaction in QD structures.
PIA for Uniform Cubic B-spline Curve Interpolation with Prescribed Tangent Vector

An uniform cubic B-spline curve is generated to interpolate the data points with prescribed tangent vectors based on the progressive iterative approximation. It starts with an initial Bspline curve which takes the given data points as the control points with even indexes and takes the end points of the tangent vectors as the control points with odd indexes. Then by adjusting its control points gradually with iterative formulas,a sequence of curves is obtained. The limit curve of the sequence will interpolate the data points with prescribed tangent vectors. The curve fits a given ordered point set and corresponding tangent vectors without solving a linear system.
Bayesian statistical approach to binary asteroid orbit determination

Abstract The problem of binary asteroids orbit determination is of particular interest, given knowledge of the orbit is the best way to derive the mass of the system. Orbit determination from observed points is a classic problem of celestial mechanics. However, in the case of binary asteroids, particularly with a small number of observations, the solution is not evident to derive. In the case of resolved binaries the problem consists in the determination of the relative orbit from observed relative positions of a secondary asteroid with respect to the primary. In this work, the problem is investigated as a statistical inverse problem. Within this context, we propose a method based on Bayesian modelling together with a global optimisation procedure that is based on the simulated annealing algorithm.
IMPORTANCE OF INITIAL VALUE IN EXPONENTIAL SMOOTHING METHODS

USTEL DUZLEŞTIRME YONTEMLERINDE BAŞLANGIC DEĞERININ ONEMI Oz Ustel duzlestirme cesitli zaman serisi verileri icin yaygin olarak kullanilan populer bir tahmin yontemidir. Ustel duzlestirme ile ilgili iki onemli problem mevcuttur. Birincisi, duzlestirme sabitinin degerine karar vermek. Ikincisi de baslangic degerini belirlemektir. Bu calismada baslangic degerinin onemi ve tahmin uzerindeki etkisi arastirilmis ve arastirmacilara yardimci olmak amaciyla bir capraz tablo olusturulmustur. Anahtar Kelimeler: Ustel Duzlestirme, Basit Ustel Duzlestirme, Baslangic Degeri.
Generalized Ridge Regression Estimator in Semiparametric Regression Models

In the context of ridge regression, the estimation of ridge (shrinkage) parameter plays an important role in analyzing data. Many efforts have been put to develop skills and methods of computing shrink- age estimators for different full-parametric ridge regression approaches, using eigenvalues. However, the estimation of shrinkage parameter is neglected for semiparametric regression models. The main focus of this paper is to develop necessary tools for computing the risk function of regression coefficient based on the eigenvalues of design matrix in semi- parametric regression model, making use of differencing methodology. In this respect, some new estimators for shrinkage parameter are also proposed. It is shown that one of these estimators which is constructed based on well-known harmonic mean, performs better for large values of signal to noise ratio. For our proposal, the Monte Carlo simulation stud- ies and a real application related to housing attributes are conducted to illustrate the efficiency of shrinkage estimators based on minimum risk criteria.
Prediction of Inorganic Compounds: Experiences and Perspectives

There have been many achievements in the last decade in the development of materials science, chemistry, and physics (experimental and theoretical). However, the most difficult problem—calculating the intrinsic properties of multicomponent compounds starting from the knowledge of their constituent components' properties—still remains unsolved. Calculations or predictions based on only the properties of constituent components (or simply, properties) are called a priori calculations or predictions. These difficulties are due to the solution of mathematical problems arising in the quantum mechanical calculations of multi-electronic systems. As a result, scientists make use of many empirical prediction methods that use existing regularities from a variety of property data. Some of the empirical criteria for the formation of compounds with predefined properties use the rules of Hume-Rothery, Laves, Mathias, Goldschmidt, Villars, and Darken-Gurry.
Fast Reconstruction of Instantaneous ISAR Image Based on FTFDS

Time-Frequency Distribution Series(TFDS),which achieves an effective balance between the time-frequency resolution and the cross-term interference,can effective reconstruct complicated maneuver targets' instantaneous ISAR images.However,origin algorithm is quite inefficient,and the approach to fast computation which is proposed in some literature cannot be direcdy applied to engineering.In this correspondence,a straightforward realizable two-dimensional filter is derived.Meanwhile,FTFDS,as the fast implementation of TFDS,is proposed based on the formula,and computational burden of FTFDS is detailed analyzed theoretically and experimentally. Analysis of FTFDS illuminates that FTFDS makes a great advance of efficiency.As FTFDS fits parallel computation,time-frequency analysis by FTFDS can be approximately real-time carried out.Simulated data processing has shown that FTFDS is practical and validity in reconstruction of instantaneous ISAR image.
Fine-structure-resolved electron collisions from chlorine atoms in the(3p5)2P3/2oand(3p5)2P1/2ostates

The $B$-spline $R$-matrix method is employed to calculate elastic electron scattering from chlorine atoms in the $(3{p}^{5}){}^{2}{P}_{3/2,1/2}^{o}$ states and electron-induced collisions between these two finestructure levels. The polarizability of the target states is accounted for by including polarized pseudostates in the close-coupling expansion, while relativistic effects are treated at the level of the semirelativistic Breit-Pauli approximation. We find the Ramsauer minimum in the elastic channels at a significantly lower projectile energy ($\ensuremath{\approx}0.2$ eV) than previous calculations, due to an apparent strong sensitivity of the theoretical predictions on the details of the model, especially the target structure. The present results are relevant to the determination of chlorine atomic densities in Cl${}_{2}$-containing industrial plasma etch reactors.
Narrow-bandwidth, extreme ultraviolet, spontaneous light-imaging technique for laser-driven magnetic reconnection studies

Laser-driven magnetic reconnection (LDMR) is an important research topic in the field of high-energy-density physics, such as laboratory astrophysics. In this study, the narrow bandwidth spontaneous light imaging (SLI) technique at the extreme ultraviolet (EUV) band is introduced to detect magnetic reconnection and the jets produced by LDMR. The EUV-based SLI technique will provide reference values for the verification of the results obtained with traditional methods.
Layered double hydroxides as electrode materials for flexible energy storage devices

To prevent and mitigate environmental degradation, high-performance and cost-effective electrochemical flexible energy storage systems need to be urgently developed. This demand has led to an increase in research on electrode materials for high-capacity flexible supercapacitors and secondary batteries, which have greatly aided the development of contemporary digital communications and electric vehicles. The use of layered double hydroxides (LDHs) as electrode materials has shown productive results over the last decade, owing to their easy production, versatile composition, low cost, and excellent physicochemical features. This review highlights the distinctive 2D sheet-like structures and electrochemical characteristics of LDH materials, as well as current developments in their fabrication strategies for expanding the application scope of LDHs as electrode materials for flexible supercapacitors and alkali metal (Li, Na, K) ion batteries.