Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
A stator flux oriented vector-controlled induction motor drive with space vector PWM and flux vector synthesis by neural networks

A stator flux oriented vector-controlled induction motor drive is described where the space vector PWM (SVM) and stator flux vector estimation are implemented by artificial neural networks (ANN). Artificial neural networks, when implemented by dedicated hardware ASIC chips, provide extreme simplification and fast execution for control and feedback signal processing functions in high performance AC drives. In the proposed project, a feedforward ANN-based SVM, operating at 20 kHz sampling frequency, generates symmetrical PWM pulses in both undermodulation and overmodulation regions covering the range from DC (zero frequency) up to square-wave mode at 60 Hz. In addition, a programmable cascaded low-pass filter (PCLPF), that permits de offset-free stator flux vector synthesis at very low frequency using the voltage model, has been implemented by a hybrid neural network which consists of a recurrent neural network (RNN) and a feedforward neural network (FFANN). The RNN-FFANN based flux estimation is simple, permits faster implementation, and gives superior transient performance when compared with a standard DSP-based PCLPF. A 5-hp open loop volts/Hz controlled drive incorporating the proposed ANN-based SVM and RNN-FFANN based flux estimator was initially evaluated in the frequency range of 1.0 Hz to 58 Hz to validate the performances of SVM and flux estimator. Next, the complete 5 hp drive with stator flux oriented vector control was evaluated extensively using the PWM modulator and flux estimator. The drive performances in both volts/Hz control and vector control were found to be excellent.
Basic Fibroblast Growth Factor Increases Regional Myocardial Blood Flow and Salvages Myocardium in the Infarct Border Zone in a Rabbit Model of Acute Myocardial Infarction

Basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF) has been shown by some to promote angiogenesis and myocardial salvage in experimentally induced acute myocardial infarction. Although these findings have spurred much clinical interest, they are not universally observed, and the true efficacy of bFGF remains unclear. The authors used a rabbit model of acute myocardial infarction to further elucidate the effects of bFGF on acutely infarcted myocardium containing few collaterals. Myocardial infarction was evoked by ligation of the left coronary artery. Prior to ligation, either 100 μg of bFGF (bFGF group; n = 15) or physiological saline (control group; n = 22) was injected into the myocardium supplied by the ligated artery. With use of nonradioactive colored microspheres, regional blood flow (Qm) was measured before, immediately after, and 4 weeks after coronary artery ligation. Infarct and border zone sizes were measured in cross-sectional slices of the resected hearts, and the amount of viable myocardium (myocardium score) and the extent of fibrosis were histologically determined in each area. Four weeks after ligation, Qm values in the infarcted area did not significantly differ between the bFGF and control groups (0.54 ± 0.36 vs 0.48 ± 0.30 mL/min/g); in the border zone, Qm tended to be higher in the bFGF group (3.39 ± 2.68 vs 1.47 ± 0.80 mL/min/g), but the difference was not significant; finally in the noninfarcted area, Qm was significantly (p < 0.05) higher in the bFGF group (6.06 ± 3.85 vs 2.09 ± 0.82 mL/min/g). There was no significant differ ence in the amount of viable myocardium or the extent of fibrosis in the infarcted areas of the two groups. In the border zone, however, the amount of viable myocardium was significantly (p < 0.005) larger in the bFGF group (61.8 ±8.5% vs 35.8 ±20.3% of the visual field). Likewise, as graded on a scale from 0 to 5, the extent of fibrosis was signif icantly (p < 0.005) less in the bFGF group (2.1 ±0.5 vs 3.3 ±0.8). In conclusion, injection of bFGF into acutely infarcted myocardium increased blood flow to the noninfarcted area and salvaged the myocardium in the border zone.
Preference grammars and decoding algorithms for probabilistic synchronous context free grammar based translation

Probabilistic Synchronous Context-free Grammars (PSCFGs) [Aho and Ullmann, 1969, Wu, 1996] define weighted transduction rules to represent translation and reordering operations. When translation models use features that are defined locally, on each rule, there are efficient dynamic programming algorithms to perform translation with these grammars [Kasami, 1965]. In general, the integration of non-local features into the translation model can make translation NP-hard, requiring decoding approximations that limit the impact of these features. In this thesis, we consider the impact and interaction between two non-local features, the n-gram language model (LM) and labels on rule nonterminal symbols in the Syntax-Augmented MT (SAMT) grammar [Zollmann and Venugopal, 2006]. While these features do not result in NP-hard search, they would lead to serious increases in wall-clock runtime if naive dynamic programming methods are applied. We develop novel two-pass algorithms that make strong decoding approximations during a first pass search, generating a hypergraph of sentence spanning translation derivations. In a second pass, we use knowledge about non-local features to explore the hypergraph for alternative, potentially better translations. We use this approach to integrate the n-gram LM decoding feature as well as a non-local syntactic feature described below. We then perform a systematic comparison of approaches to evaluate the relative impact of PSCFG methods over a strong phrase-based MT baseline with a focus on the impact of n-gram LM and syntactic labels. This comparison addresses important questions about the effectiveness of PSCFG methods for a variety of language and resource conditions. We learn that for language pairs that exhibit long distance reordering, PSCFG methods deliver improvements over comparable phrase-based systems and that SAMT labels result in additional small, but consistent improvements even in conjunction with strong n-gram LMs. Finally, we propose a novel approach to use nonterminal labels in PSCFG decoding by extending the PSCFG formalism to represent hard label constraints as soft preferences. These preferences are used to compute a new decoding feature that reflects the probability that a derivation is syntactically well formed. This feature mitigates the effect of the commonly applied maximum a posteriori (MAP) approximation and can be discriminatively trained in concert with other model features. We report modest improvements in translation quality on a Chinese-to-English translation task.
To Conquer the Host, Influenza Virus Is Packing It In: Interferon-Antagonistic Strategies beyond NS1

ABSTRACT The nonstructural protein NS1 is well established as a virulence factor of influenza A virus counteracting induction of the antiviral type I interferon system. Recent studies now show that viral structural proteins, their derivatives, and even the genome itself also contribute to keeping the host defense under control. Here, we summarize the current knowledge on these NS1-independent interferon escape strategies.
EVALUATION OF ANTHELMINTIC ACTIVITY OF CARICA PAPAYA LATEX USING PHERITIMA POSTHUMA

The aim of present study is to evaluate Anthelmintic potential of latex of Carica papaya using Pheretima posthuma as test worms. Various concentrations (100%, 50%, and 20%) of Carica papaya latex were tested in the assay, which involved determination of time of paralysis (P) and time of death (D) of the worms. It show shortest time of paralysis (P=24.5 min) and death (D=56min) in 100% concentration, while the time of paralysis and death will increase in 50% concentration (P=28min&D=64min) and in 20% concentration (P=34min&D=74min) respectively as compare to Piperazine citrate (10mg/ml) used as standard reference (P= 24 min& D= 54) and distilled water as control. The results of present study indicated that the latex of Carica papaya showed significantly demonstrated paralysis, and also caused death of worms especially at higher concentration as compared to standard reference Piperazine citrate and control.From the result it is conclude that the latex of Carica papaya showed significant Anthelmintic activity.
An Evaluation of Web Acceleration Techniques for the Developing World

Web clients in the developing world experience long response times due to poor network connectivity. This paper evaluates existing and new web acceleration techniques using access traces from Iraq, Zambia, and Cambodia. We validate the effectiveness of proxy caching and observe around 40% cache hit ratio. But our evaluation finds limited benefit of web prefetching (<1% hit rate by the history-based prefetching that previously reported around 10% hit rate [7]). This is because proxy caching diminishes the benefits of prefetching at individual clients and further many (40–60%) cache misses are accesses to dynamic web applications that are not prefetchable. To accelerate dynamic web applications for the developing world, we explore the feasibility and performance of mirroring dynamic applications on nearclient proxy servers. Preliminary evaluation on a collaborative office application shows an order of magnitude performance improvement by the local mirroring.
Risky behaviours of youth at secondary-school age

In the face of different civilization changes threatening human health and life, risky behaviours of youth have become one of the essential research areas of present-day psycholo- gy. The conclusions of this research can be used to design programmes and preventive measures in this area. The purpose of this research was to determine the structure of risky behaviours of youth at secondary-school age. It was assumed that within a group of youth from the second class of the secondary school, most of the risky behaviours associated with the use of alcohol, nicotine and drugs occurred at least once during the 12 months preceding the research. It was also assumed that sex differentiates risky behaviours in terms of their frequency and structure. The research was conducted on a group of youth of the second class of secondary school. This group consisted of 158 people. To determine the risky behaviours the diagnostic survey meth- od was used. The conclusions of the research made it possible to outline a picture of the spread of these dysfunctions in the school environment of the youth. The vast majority of the respon- dents declared that during the 12 months preceding the survey, they most frequently used alco- hol. Only one out of ten respondents claimed to have abstained from alcohol. Also popular was the use of tobacco and cannabis (marijuana and hashish). The most signifi cant differences be- tween girls and boys occurred primarily in the fi eld of tobacco use, with the frequency of '1-5 cigarettes daily' in favor of girls.
Adding flavour to the Polchinski-Strassler background

As an extension of holography with flavour, we analyze in detail the embedding of a D7-brane probe into the Polchinski-Strassler gravity background, in which the breaking of conformal symmetry is induced by a 3-form flux G3. This corresponds to giving masses to the adjoint chiral multiplets. We consider the = 2 supersymmetric case in which one of the adjoint chiral multiplets is kept massless while the masses of the other two are equal. This setup requires a generalization of the known expressions for the backreaction of G3 in the case of three equal masses to generic mass values. We work to second order in the masses to obtain the embedding of D7-brane probes in the background. At this order, the 2-form potentials corresponding to the background flux induce an 8-form potential which couples to the worldvolume of the D7-branes. We show that the embeddings preserve an SU(2) × SU(2) symmetry. We study possible embeddings both analytically in a particular approximation, as well as numerically. The embeddings preserve supersymmetry, as we investigate using the approach of holographic renormalization. The meson spectrum associated to one of the embeddings found reflects the presence of the adjoint masses by displaying a mass gap.
Federal Reserve Bank of New York Staff Reports Rollover Risk as Market Discipline: a Two-sided Inefficiency

paper presents preliminary findings and is being distributed to economists and other interested readers solely to stimulate discussion and elicit comments. The views expressed in this paper are those of the author and are not necessarily reflective of views at the Federal Reserve Bank of New York or the Federal Reserve System. Any errors or omissions are the responsibility of the author. Abstract Why does the market discipline that banks face seem too weak during good times and too strong during bad times? This paper shows that using rollover risk as a disciplining device is effective only if all banks face purely idiosyncratic risk. However, if banks' assets are correlated, a two-sided inefficiency arises: Good aggregate states have banks taking excessive risks, while bad aggregate states suffer from fire sales. The driving force behind this inefficiency is an amplifying feedback loop between asset liquidation values and market discipline. This feedback loop operates in both good and bad aggregate states, but with opposite effects. The views expressed in this paper are those of the author and do not necessarily reflect the position of the Federal Reserve Bank of New York or the Federal Reserve System.
Towards a Formal Approach to Metamodel Evolution

Model-driven engineering (MDE) is a trend in software engin eering which aims at improving productivity, quality, and cost-effectiveness of software. This is o btained by considering models as first-class entities of the software development process and adopting m odel transformation to automate the implementation. The word “model” has different meanings in different contex ts. In software engineering, model denotes “an abstraction of a (real or language-based) syste m allowing predictions or inferences to be made” [4]. Models in software engineering are typically diagrammat ic. The word “diagram” has also different meanings in different contexts. In software engi neering, diagram denotes a structure which is based on graphs; i.e. a collection of nodes together with a co llecti n of arrows between nodes. Since graph-based structures can be visualised in a natural way, “ visual” and “diagrammatic” modelling are often treated as synonyms. In this work, visualisation and d iagrammatic syntax are clearly distinguished. That is, the proposed approach focuses on precise syntax and semantics of diagrammatic models independent of their visualisation. In the context of MDE, models are typically specified by means of modelling languages. Each modelling language has a corresponding metamodel. Models whic h are specified by a modelling language should conform to the metamodel of the language. Models as we ll as metamodels undergo a complex evolution during their life cycles. As a consequence, when a metamodel is modified, models conforming to this metamodel should be migrated in such a way that the y conform to the modified version (see Fig. 1). This problem is referred to as metamodel evolution in the l iterature [ 2].
Pharmacovigilance Study on Platinum-based Chemotherapeutic Regimens in Oral Cancer Patients: A Prospective Cohort Study

Platinum-based chemotherapy is one of the most common therapies employed in oral cancer treat-ment. This is a prospective cohort study to analyse the pattern and incidence of adverse drug reac-tions to platinum based chemotherapeutic regimens in oral cancer patients. Pharmacovigilance studies are still unexplored in oral cancer patients in Bihar (India). Oral cancer patients who received platinum-based cancer chemotherapy were monitored for adverse drug reactions. The collected re-ports analysed for demographic, causality, preventability and severity of adverse drug reactions. Causality was assessed by the World Health Organization causality assessment scale. Preventability and severity of adverse drug reactions assessed by modified Schumock and Thornton scale, modified Hartwig and Siegel scale respectively. Incidence rate, relative risk and attributable risk were evaluat-ed among the regimens. Out of 120 patients, 108 (90%) patients were males. 105 patients (87.5%) developed a total of 247 adverse drug reactions. World Health Organization UMC causality scale showed 82% of adverse drug reactions were “certain”, 15% were “probable” and 3% were “possi-ble”. Modified Hartwig and Siegel severity scale showed 89% of adverse drug reactions were “mild” and 11% were “moderate” type. Schumock and Thornton preventability scale showed 93% of ad-verse drug reactions were “not preventable” and 20% were “probably preventable”. Paclitax-el+carboplatin regimen showed lowest values in terms of adverse drug reactions. Platinum-based chemotherapy was used in the treatment of oral cancer. From this study it is evident that paclitax-el+carboplatin regimen reported least incidence rate of adverse drug reactions among platinum regi-mens. Incidence rate was more reported in cisplatin regimen.
Shortest rectilinear paths among weighted obstacles

In this paper we study a rectilinear shortest path problem among weighted obstacles. Instead of restricting a path to totally avoid obstacles we allow a path to pass through them at extra costs. The extra costs are represented by the weights of the obstacles. We aim to find a shortest rectilinear path between two distinguished points among a set of weighted obstacles. By using a graph-theoretical approach, we obtain two algorithms which run in <italic>&Ogr;</italic>(<italic>n</italic>log<supscrpt>2</supscrpt> <italic>n</italic>) time and <italic>&Ogr;</italic>(<italic>n</italic> log <italic>n</italic>) space and in <italic>&Ogr;</italic>(<italic>n</italic> log<supscrpt>3/2</supscrpt> <italic>n</italic>) time and space, respectively, where <italic>n</italic> is the number of the vertices of obstacles.
Near Optimal Charging and Scheduling Scheme for Stochastic Event Capture with Rechargeable Sensors

Though much existing work exploits wireless power charging to enhance sensor network performance such as routing and data aggregation, few efforts focus on issues of stochastic event capture. In this paper, we consider the scenario in which a mobile charger (MC) periodically travels within a sensor network to recharge the sensors wirelessly, to maximize the Quality of Monitoring (QoM) for stochastic events. Towards this goal, two closely related research issues need to be addressed. One is how to choose the sensors for charging and decide the charging time for each of them, the other is how to best schedule the sensors' activation schedules according to their received energy. In this paper, we jointly design the charging scheme and sensor schedules to maximize the QoM. We formulate our problem formally as the maximum QoM charging and scheduling problem (MQCSP). Obtaining an exact solution of MQCSP is challenging. Thus we first ignore the MC's travel time and study the resulting relaxed version of MQCSP, R-MQCSP. We show both MQCSP and R-MQCSP are NP-hard. For R-MQCSP, however, under a special condition, we prove that it can be formulated as a sub modular function maximization problem. This formulation allows a 1/6-approximation algorithm for the general case, and a unified algorithm with a series of approximation factors (up to 1-1/e) for a special case. Then, for MQCSP, we propose approximation algorithms by extending our R-MQCSP results. Finally, we conduct extensive trace-driven simulations to validate our algorithm design. The empirical results corroborate our theoretical analysis.
Non first normal form relations to represent hierarchically organized data

Several investigators have stressed that the first normal form (1NF) condition [Co] is not convenient for handling a variety of database applications CM,K,JS,SPl. The first purpose of this paper is to present a database model, namely, the Verso model, where data is organized in non 1NF relations. The values for some attributes in 8 Verso instance are atomic whereas the values for other attributes are simpler Verso instances. As we shall see, this recursive definition of the data structure induces a hierarchical organization of the data. Several models have ttiied to capture the notion of hierarchical data organization [IMS,HY]. The advantage of our approach is that, by using relation as underlying structure, we are able to preserve some of the positive features of the relational model, for instance, a simple algebraic query language.
Asset Pricing in Created Markets

We investigate the applicability of the present-value asset pricing model to fishing quota markets by applying instrumental variable panel data estimation techniques to 15 years of market transactions from New Zealand's individual transferable quota (ITQ) market. In addition to the influence of current fishing rents, we explore the effect of market interest rates, risk, and expected changes in future rents on quota asset prices. The results indicate that quota asset prices are positively related to declines in interest rates, lower levels of risk, expected increases in future fish prices, and expected cost reductions from rationalization under the quota system.
Dynamic neuromodulation of aggression by vasotocin: influence of social context and social phenotype in territorial songbirds

The homologous neuropeptides vasotocin (VT) and vasopressin (VP) influence agonistic behaviours across many taxa, but peptide–behaviour relationships are complex and purportedly species-specific. Putative species-specific effects in songbirds are confounded with context, however, such that territorial species have been tested only in resident–intruder paradigms and gregarious species have been tested only in a mate competition paradigm. Using the territorial violet-eared waxbill (Estrildidae: Uraeginthus granatina), we now show that a V1a receptor antagonist reduces male aggression during mate competition (as in gregarious finches), but does not affect resident–intruder aggression in dominant males. However, the V1a antagonist disinhibits aggression in less aggressive (typically subordinate) males. These results are consistent with recent data on the activation of different VT cell groups during positive and negative social interactions. Thus, VT influences aggression similarly across territorial and gregarious species, but in context- and phenotype-specific ways that probably reflect the differential activation of discrete VT cell groups.
Further cache and TLB investigation of the RAMpage memory hierarchy

The RAMpage memory hierarchy is an alternative to the traditional division between cache and main memory: main memory is moved up a level and DRAM is used as a paging device. Earlier RAMpage work has shown that the RAMpage model scales up better with the growing CPU-DRAM speed gap, especially when context switches are taken on misses. This paper investigates the effect of more aggressive first-level (L1) cache and translation lookaside buffer (TLB) implementations, with other parameters kept the same as in previous work, to illustrate that a more aggressive design improves the competitiveness of RAMpage. The more aggressive L1 shows an increase in the advantage or RAMpage with context switches on misses, supporting the hypotheses that a more aggressive L1 favours RAMpage. However, results without context switches on misses are less conclusive. A larger TLB, as predicted, makes RAMpage viable over a wider range of page sizes.