Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
How uncertainties in the atomic potential affect DIRAC results

DIRAC experiment reconstructs lifetime of ππ atoms (A2π , pionium) through the measurement of their ionization (break-up) probability Pion in a thin target. Method relies on the fact that dependence Pion(τ) can be calculated with sufficient precision. The value of Pion is a result of competitive processes: pionium annihilation vs. pionium ionization in the Coulomb field of target atoms. This note estimates impact of uncertainties in the potential of a target atom on DIRAC results. 1 Interaction of the pionium with targets atoms To calculate coherent scattering of a pionium on a target atom we use the first Born approximation [1]:
A wavelet frame approach for removal of mixed Gaussian and impulse noise on surfaces

Surface denoising is a fundamental problem in geometry processing and computer graphics. In this paper, we propose a wavelet frame based variational model to restore surfaces which are corrupted by mixed Gaussian and impulse noise, under the assumption that the region corrupted by impulse noise is unknown. The model contains a universal \begin{document}$\ell_1 + \ell_2$\end{document} fidelity term and an \begin{document}$\ell_1$\end{document} -regularized term which makes additional use of the wavelet frame transform on surfaces in order to preserve key features such as sharp edges and corners. We then apply the augmented Lagrangian and accelerated proximal gradient methods to solve this model. In the end, we demonstrate the efficacy of our approach with numerical experiments both on surfaces and functions defined on surfaces. The experimental results show that our method is competitive relative to some existing denoising methods.
Asymptotic analysis of solitons and double layers at the acoustic speed

In this paper, we consider the asymptotic behaviour of solitons and double layers. By using the Sagdeev pseudopotential formalism, a Taylor series expansion is used to derive the asymptotic behaviour. For solitons and supersolitons that propagate faster than the acoustic speed, an exponential decay rate is derived. In contrast, for acoustic speed solitons and supersolitons, we show that the decay rate is algebraic, resulting in much fatter tails. These results can be extended to double layers. However, the double layer velocity affects only one side of the tail. The other side of the tail is affected by the multiplicity of the double layer root. All the results are illustrated by means of a case study.
Performance of Hepatitis Delta Virus (HDV) RNA Testing for the Diagnosis of Active HDV Infection: Systematic Review and Meta-analysis

Background and Aims Hepatitis delta virus (HDV) is a defective virus and causes severe liver disease. Several HDV RNA assays have been developed, however the diagnostic efficacy remains unclear.This systematic review and meta-analysis aims to evaluate the diagnostic accuracy of HDV RNA assays to aid in the diagnosis of active hepatitis D. Methods The PubMed, Embase, and Cochrane Library databases were systematically searched from the beginning to June 31, 2022. Information on the characteristics of the literature and data on sensitivity, specificity, and area under curve (AUC) of the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) were extracted. Stata 14.0 was used for meta-analysis of the combined sensitivity, specificity, positive likelihood ratio, and negative likelihood ratio. Results A total of 10 studies were included in the meta-analysis. The summary sensitivity, specificity, positive likelihood ratio, negative likelihood ratio, and diagnostic odds ratio of HDV RNA assays for HDV diagnosis were 0.92 (95% CI: 0.87–0.95), 0.90 (95% CI: 0.86–0.93), 7.74 (95% CI: 5.31–11.29), 0.10 (95% CI: 0.06–0.18) and 99.90 (95% CI: 47.08–211.99), respectively. The AUC of the pooled ROC curve was 0.95 (95% CI: 0.92–0.96). Conclusions The results show that HDV RNA assays had high diagnostic performance. However, that is limited by the number and quality of studies. Standard protocols for the development of assays by manufacturers and larger studies on the use of the assays are needed.
Transient Simulation Research on Automobile Aerodynamic Lift Based on LBM Method

In order to improve the limitation of steady-state automobile aerodynamic lift characteristics in finite volume method, the Lattice Boltzmann Method (LBM) was conducted on transient simulation of automobile aerodynamic lift. This proposed method utilized adaptive wake refinement feature to obtain a series of regular fluid particles for macroscopic fluid and combined large eddy simulation (LES) with wale-viscosity model to study the transient characteristics of automobile aerodynamic lift. In this numerical investigation, using the international standard automobile MIRA model, the temporal and spatial characteristics of rear velocity field and vorticity field were analyzed, whose results had agreement with the wind tunnel test data. It was showed that the elaborate information of flow field around the car-body and the aerodynamic lift could be more accurately described. A pair of asymmetric non-periodical and inward twisting rear vortexes in the car rear flow field was found, while it squeezed and dragged each other in different eddy scales. This result also indicated the aerodynamic lift to oscillate in a certain amplitude scope, markedly different from the simulated result of steady state automobile aerodynamic lift, which is more close to real driving conditions. DOI: http://dx.doi. org/10.5755/j01.mech. 23.6. 19847
Comprehensive review of continuous and discrete orthogonal moments in biometrics

ABSTRACT Orthogonal moments (OM) are extensively used for image enhancement, representation and comparison. They are basically derived through mutually perpendicular polynomials which may be continuous and discrete. Primary continuous OM include Zernike, Pseudo-Zernike, Legendre and Bessel–Fourier moments and the prominent discrete OM are Krawtchouk and Tchebichef moments. These moments involve minimum information redundancy and therefore can be applied to various fields like face recognition, edge detection, palm print verification and content-based retrieval. This paper presents the comparative review of the moments in the fields of face, palm print and iris recognition. OM yield better results than non-orthogonal moments because they are robust to noise as well as rotation, scaling and transformation invariant. This paper summarizes the work done by various authors in biometrics for both continuous and discrete moments.
Performance of MRC receiver over Hoyt/lognormal composite fading channel

ABSTRACT In this article, mixture gamma (MG) distribution is used for analysing the performance of L-Hoyt/lognormal composite fading channel. To overcome small-scale fading effect, micro-diversity using maximum ratio combining (MRC) is used at the receiver. Due to mathematical complexity, performance analysis of composite (L-Hoyt/lognormal) fading models is not present in closed form. The analytical expressions for the performance measure are derived in the form of received signal-to-noise ratio (SNR). The impact of system parameters on the energy detector (ED) performance is studied in terms of receiver operating characteristic (ROC) and area under the ROC curve (AUC). Further, the detection threshold parameter is optimised by minimising the total probability of error for L-Hoyt/lognormal channel. The accuracy of the proposed closed-form expressions is validated by comparing all the results with the Monte-Carlo/exact simulations.
Is the grass greener on the other side?

Consumer xenocentrism, the belief that the foreign is preferred over the local, is a relatively new construct in the broader country of origin literature. We extend the study of consumer xenocen- trism to Paraguay (South America), an often bypassed and un- derstudied emerging market. Through a purposive survey of 397 middle- and upper-class Paraguayans in 2022, we uncover the existence of consumer xenocentrism and model its relationship to product judgment of regional powers (Argentina and Brazil) and economic superpowers (China and the United States). Our results indicate a positive and significant relationship between Paraguayan consumer xenocentrism and product judgments of Argentina, Brazil, and the United States, but not for China. Mana- gerial and public policy implications of our findings are discussed.
Strong coupling between 0D and 2D modes in optical open microcavities

We present a study of the coupling between confined modes and continuum states in an open microcavity system. The confined states are the optical modes of a plano-concave Fabry–Pérot cavity while the continuum states are the propagating modes in a surrounding planar cavity. The length tunability of the open cavity system allows to study the evolution of localised modes as they are progressively deconfined and coupled to the propagating modes. We observe an anti-crossing between the confined and propagating modes proving that mode-mixing takes place in between these two families of modes, and identify 0D–2D mixed modes which exhibit reduced loss compared with their highly localised counterparts. For practical design, we investigate the details of the microcavity shape that can be used to engineer the degree of mode-mixing. This study discusses for the first time experimentally and theoretically how light confinement arises in planar micromirrors and is of interest for the realisation of chip-based extended microphotonics using open cavities.
Current overview of awake, non-intubated, video-assisted thoracic surgery

Awake video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery (A-VATS) enables the surgeon to penetrate the tissue via a small incision and with less contact between the lung and atmospheric pressure; postoperative respiratory functions are also less affected than in open surgery. A-VATS is a safer technique than traditional VATS and non-intubated video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery (NI-VATS) because it does not require muscle relaxants and sedoanalgesics. In particular, diagnostic VATS for pleural effusions can be easily performed over a single port using only local anaesthetic. Anaesthesia-related risks increase even more for elderly patients and those with severe comorbidities. Although there are long and risky operations in thoracic surgery, general anaesthesia is not required for some thoracic surgery procedures. However, A-VATS is limited to minor procedures. Due to regional anaesthesia and sedation, NI-VATS is a safe and effective method for many indications. The results show that this method can be applied with low mortality and morbidity.
Comparison of PID and FOPID controllers tuned by PSO and ABC algorithms for unstable and integrating systems with time delay

This paper deals with optimization and design of an integer order–based and fractional order–based proportional integral derivative (PID) controller tuned by particle swarm optimization (PSO) and artificial bee colony (ABC) algorithms. These algorithms were used to find the best parameters for the best controller performance. A comparative study has been made to highlight the advantage of using ABC‐based controller over a PSO‐based controller. The validity of the controller tuning algorithms was tested in 2 different systems with time delay and a nonminimum phase zero used commonly in process control. The optimal tuning process of the PID and fractional order PID controllers has also been performed with 3 different cost functions. From the perspectives of time‐domain performance criteria, such as settling time, rise time, overshoot, and steady‐state error, the controller tuned by ABC gives better dynamic performances than controllers tuned by the PSO. Moreover, the results obtained from robustness analysis showed that the parameters of controller tuned by ABC are quite robust under internal and external disturbances.
Higher-order geometrical optics for circularly-polarized electromagnetic waves

We study the geometrical-optics expansion for circularly-polarized electromagnetic waves propagating on a curved spacetime in general relativity. We show that higher-order corrections to the Faraday and stress-energy tensors may be found via a system of transport equations, in principle. At sub-leading order, the stress-energy tensor possesses terms proportional to the wavelength whose sign depends on the handedness of the circular polarization. Due to such terms, the direction of energy flow is not aligned with the gradient of the phase, in general, and the wave may carry a transverse stress. This result appears consistent with the posited existence of an optical Magnus effect, and with a spin-helicity effect in the absorption of electromagnetic waves by a Kerr black hole.
Campylobacter fetus foodborne illness outbreak in the elderly

In June 2021, a cluster of seven cases of Campylobacter fetus infections occurred in a rehabilitation center and caused significant morbidity in elderly patients including five with bacteremia and two with osteoarticular medical device infections. The genetic identity identified by whole genome sequencing of the different Campylobacter fetus strains confirms a common source. This foodborne illness outbreak may have resulted from the consumption of unpasteurized dairy products, such as a cow's raw milk cheese resulting from a farm-to-fork strategy.
CFD investigating medium-temperature influences on performance prediction and structure stress calculation in a hydrodynamic torque converter

ABSTRACT When computational fluid dynamics was applied in a hydrodynamic torque converter, the influences of medium temperature were always ignored. Those influences were investigated in this study. The variable viscosities and constant viscosity were carried out by a comparative study. The unsteady flow fields showed the variable viscosities results were more reasonable, whereas the constant viscosity overestimated the viscous force and leaded to inaccuracy in performance prediction. The experimental data proved that variable viscosities achieved a highly accuracy, and the performance prediction inaccuracy was 1–4%. Through the comparative analysis of the equivalent stress and deformation computed from thermal-fluid–structure interaction and fluid–structure interaction, the thermal stress from medium-temperature influence should be considered during the design of a torque converter.
Laguerre basis for inverse problems

We present a series of inverse problems of nonparametric statistics which have an easy solution using projection estimators on a Laguerre basis. The models are Yi = XiUi, Zi = Xi +Vi, Wi = (Xi +Vi)Ui, Ti = XiUi +Vi, i = 1,. , n where the Xi's and Vi's are nonnegative, the Xi's are i.i. d. with unknown density f , the Vi's are i.i. d. with known density fV , the Ui's are i.i. d. with uniform density on [0, 1]. The sequences (Xi), (Ui), (Vi) are independent. We aim at estimating f on R + in the four cases of indirect observations of (X1,. . , Xn). We propose projection estimators using a Laguerre basis and give upper bounds of their L 2-risks on specific Sobolev-Laguerre spaces. In each case, a data-driven procedure is described and proved to perform automatically the bias variance compromise. (1) Universite Paris Descartes, MAP5, UMR CNRS 8145,
Frank-Wolfe Stein Sampling

In Bayesian inference, the posterior distributions are difficult to obtain analytically for complex models such as neural networks. Variational inference usually uses a parametric distribution to approximate, from which we can easily draw samples. Recently discrete approximation by particles has attracted attention because of its expressive ability. An example is Stein variational gradient descent (SVGD), which iteratively optimizes particles. Although SVGD has been shown to be computationally efficient empirically, its theoretical properties have not been clarified yet and no finite sample bound of a convergence rate is known. Another example is Stein points (SP), which minimizes kernelized Stein discrepancy directly. The finite sample bound of SP is $\mathcal{O}(\sqrt{\log{N}/N})$ for $N$ particles, which is computationally inefficient empirically, especially in high-dimensional problems. In this paper, we propose a novel method named \emph{Frank-Wolfe Stein sampling}, which minimizes the maximum mean discrepancy in a greedy way. Our method is computationally efficient empirically and theoretically achieves a faster convergence rate, $\mathcal{O}(e^{-N})$. Numerical experiments show the superiority of our method.
Empowering Students in the Digital Era: An Analysis of Interactive E-Modules' Effect on Digital Mathematical Communication

Students' mathematical digital communication abilities are paramount in the current digital era, yet many continue encountering difficulties. This study focuses on using interactive e-modules as an innovative learning medium to enhance these abilities. Adopting a quantitative experimental approach, this research involved grade 8students from SMP Negeri 1 Ciwaringin during the 2022/2023 academic year, allocating them into control and experimental groups. The study aimed to evaluate student responses to the e-module, compare students' mathematical digital communication abilities before and after the module's implementation, and determine the effectiveness of the e-module. The study's results showed a significant improvement in students' abilities, with a 75.5% positive response to the e-module and an average student score increase from 36.63 (pretest) to 72.56 (posttest). An N-Gain rise of 56.62% demonstrated the effectiveness of the e-module. These findings solidify the interactive e-module as a suitable learning medium that increases student enthusiasm and participation in mathematical learning. Thus, this research significantly contributes to mathematics education, demonstrating that interactive e-modules can effectively overcome challenges in teaching mathematical digital communication.
Boundary value problems for elastic half-planes posed in terms of stress and displacement orientations

This study investigates solvability of boundary value problems of plane elasticity formulated in terms of principal directions of the stress tensor and the orientations of the displacement vector. The analysis of solvability is performed by using the following approach. Firstly, boundary values of the complex potentials are represented by the Cauchy-type integrals with unknown density. Then a system of singular integral equations is obtained by satisfying particular boundary conditions. This system is further reduced to the system of the Riemann boundary value problems for the determination of sectionally holomorphic functions. Solvability of the Riemann problems is investigated by calculating their indexes. This allows one to determine the number of linearly independent solutions and hence the number of arbitrary parameters entering into the general solution. Two novel formulations have been investigated for the case of elastic half-planes. In both cases the initial system of equations has been reduced to the form that allow for successive solution of its equations.
Self-Triggered and Event-Triggered Control for Linear Systems With Quantization

This paper considers the observer-based event-triggered output control problem with quantization. Both plant-to-controller (measured output) channel and controller-to-plant (control input) channel have their own dynamic uniform quantizers and samplings. Therefore, the whole system has four asynchronous clocks, two quantizer updating clocks, and two sampling updating clocks. The main contribution of this paper is the proposed self-triggered and event-triggered control method based on these four clocks. The whole system is stabilized by two steps, i.e., system and controller synchronization, and controller stabilization. In the synchronization process, novel event-triggered and self-triggered samplings are proposed in terms of dynamic quantizer parameters. While in the stabilization process, event-triggered sampling is designed based on controller states and quantizer parameters. Moreover, it is proved that the Zeno behavior would not occur. The practicality and efficiency of the proposed method are illustrated by a numerical example borrowed from recent literature.
Tracking network dynamics: A survey using graph distances

From longitudinal biomedical studies to social networks, graphs have emerged as essential objects for describing evolving interactions between agents in complex systems. In such studies, after pre-processing, the data are encoded by a set of graphs, each representing a system’s state at a different point in time or space. The analysis of the system’s dynamics depends on the selection of the appropriate analytical tools. In particular, after specifying properties characterizing similarities between states, a critical step lies in the choice of a distance between graphs capable of reflecting such similarities. While the literature offers a number of distances to choose from, their properties have been little investigated and no guidelines regarding the choice of such a distance have yet been provided. In particular, most graph distances consider that the nodes are exchangeable—ignoring node “identities. ” Alignment of the graphs according to identified nodes enables us to enhance these distances’ sensitivity to perturbations in the network and detect important changes in graph dynamics. Thus the selection of an adequate metric is a decisive—yet delicate—practical matter. In the spirit of Goldenberg et al.’s seminal 2009 review [Found. Trends Mach. Learn. 2 (2010) 129–233], this article provides an overview of commonly-used graph distances and an explicit characterization of the structural changes that they are best able to capture. We show how these choices affect real-life situations, and we use these distances to analyze both a longitudinal microbiome dataset and a brain fMRI study. One contribution of the present study is a coordinated suite of data analytic techniques, displays and statistical tests using “metagraphs”: a graph of graphs based on a chosen metric. Permutation tests can uncover the effects of covariates on the graphs’ variability. Furthermore, synthetic examples provide intuition as to the qualities and drawbacks of the different distances. Above all, we provide some guidance on choosing one distance over another in different contexts. Finally, we extend the scope of our analyses from temporal to spatial dynamics and apply these different distances to a network created from worldwide recipes.
A Research on the Influence Mechanism of the Homestay Tourists Loyalty

: In the context of high-quality economic development, the demand for accommodation in tourist destinations is becoming increasingly diverse and personalized. Based on the questionnaire survey data of homestay tourists in Dali and Lijiang, Yunnan, a structural equation model was established to analyse the impact mechanism and the action path of homestay loyalty of tourists. The results indicate that there is a close direct relationship between the quality of homestay experience and the satisfaction and loyalty of the tourist. The physical environment of homestays has a positive impact on tourist satisfaction and loyalty. The social interaction of homestays positively affects tourist satisfaction, but does not affect loyalty Satisfaction plays a significant mediating role in the loyalty mechanism of homestays for tourists. Satisfaction plays a partial mediating role in the process of the physical environment that affects loyalty in homestays, while it plays a complete mediating role in the process of social interaction that affects loyalty in homestays.