Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Understanding Case Based Recommendation: A Similarity Knowledge Perspective

Recommender systems bring together ideas from information retrieval and filtering, user profiling, and machine learning in an attempt to provide users with more proactive and personalized information systems. Forwarded as a response to the information overload problem, recommender systems have enjoyed considerable theoretical and practical successes, with a range of core techniques and a compelling array of evaluation studies to demonstrate success in many real-world domains. That said, there is much yet to understand about the strengths and weaknesses of recommender systems technologies and in this article, we make a fine-grained analysis of a successful case-based recommendation approach. We describe a detailed, fine-grained ablation study of similarity knowledge and similarity metric contributions to improved system performance. In particular, we extend our earlier analyses to examine how measures of interestingness can be used to identify and analyse relative contributions of segments of similarity knowledge. We gauge the strengths and weaknesses of knowledge components and discuss future work as well as implications for research in the area.
Genotype Distribution and Sequence Variation of Hepatitis E Virus, Hong Kong

Most acute cases of infection with hepatitis E virus (HEV) in Hong Kong were autochthonous, sporadic, and occurred in older adults. All except 1 isolate belonged to genotype 4; most were phylogenetically related to swine isolates. The epidemiology is similar to that in industrialized countries, where zoonosis is the major source of HEV infection in humans.
The problematic nature of participation in contract bridge: A qualitative study of group‐related constraints

Abstract Using data collected from a year‐long qualitative study, this article explores the nature of group‐related constraints within the social world of contract bridge. Constraints are initially discussed in terms of diminished popularity of bridge in the United States among younger generations. Next, interpersonal constraints that are linked to group processes within bridge groups are explored. These processes are described in terms of their controlling influence on individual involvement. Finally, a discussion of how constraints arise as a result of individual differences among group members is presented.
Mobile 3D visual search using the Helmert transformation of stereo features

This paper presents a scheme for mobile 3D visual search that facilitates mobile recognition of 3D objects. We use a multi-view approach to extract the 3D geometric information of the query objects and integrate it into SIFT descriptors. To meet a given transmission bandwidth, we use a rate-constrained quad-tree representation for feature selection and encoding. With this approach, we are able to progressively match the query features against the stereo features in the database and implement a robust geometric verification with the Helmert transformation. The experimental results show that our proposed approach to mobile 3D visual search outperforms JPEG and single-view SIFT-based search.
Large‐scale comparative analyses of immunomarkers for diagnostic subtyping of non‐small‐cell lung cancer biopsies

Warth A, Muley T, Herpel E, Meister M, Herth F J F, Schirmacher P, Weichert W, Hoffmann H & Schnabel P A (2012) Histopathology Large‐scale comparative analyses of immunomarkers for diagnostic subtyping of non‐small‐cell lung cancer biopsies
Seamless Connectivity and Routing in Vehicular Networks with Infrastructure

The provision of UDP-based multimedia streams to vehicular users through a roadside wireless mesh network requires a fast-switching, robust protocol architecture. We consider vehicles (e.g., cars, buses or streetcars) that connect to different roadside mesh nodes as they move in an urban environment, and study the joint problem of traffic delivery and connectivity management in such scenario. We identify BATMAN as a candidate layer-2 implementation of a routing protocol for vehicular networks, and we use simulation to compare its performance with other routing protocols for wireless ad hoc and mesh networks. Since BATMAN shows some inconsistencies in its behavior, we propose an improved version of the protocol, named smart-window BATMAN (sw-BATMAN). Then, we design two testbeds that include both roadside and vehicular mesh nodes. There, we implement the selected routing solution along with a handover mechanism that, by leveraging a channel selection scheme, allows vehicles to connect to the different roadside mesh nodes in a seamless manner. The performance assessment on our testbeds shows the efficiency of the proposed solution and highlights that our traffic routing and connectivity management are suitable for sustaining the handover of UDP streams in a vehicular environment, in a seamless manner.
Pharmacological Targeting the REV-ERBs in Sleep/Wake Regulation

The circadian clock maintains appropriate timing for a wide range of behaviors and physiological processes. Circadian behaviors such as sleep and wakefulness are intrinsically dependent on the precise oscillation of the endogenous molecular machinery that regulates the circadian clock. The identical core clock machinery regulates myriad endocrine and metabolic functions providing a link between sleep and metabolic health. The REV-ERBs (REV-ERBα and REV-ERBβ) are nuclear receptors that are key regulators of the molecular clock and have been successfully targeted using small molecule ligands. Recent studies in mice suggest that REV-ERB-specific synthetic agonists modulate metabolic activity as well as alter sleep architecture, inducing wakefulness during the light period. Therefore, these small molecules represent unique tools to extensively study REV-ERB regulation of sleep and wakefulness. In these studies, our aim was to further investigate the therapeutic potential of targeting the REV-ERBs for regulation of sleep by characterizing efficacy, and optimal dosing time of the REV-ERB agonist SR9009 using electroencephalographic (EEG) recordings. Applying different experimental paradigms in mice, our studies establish that SR9009 does not lose efficacy when administered more than once a day, nor does tolerance develop when administered once a day over a three-day dosing regimen. Moreover, through use of a time response paradigm, we determined that although there is an optimal time for administration of SR9009 in terms of maximal efficacy, there is a 12-hour window in which SR9009 elicited a response. Our studies indicate that the REV-ERBs are potential therapeutic targets for treating sleep problems as those encountered as a consequence of shift work or jet lag.
Entropic Phase Maps in Discrete Quantum Gravity

Path summation offers a flexible general approach to quantum theory, including quantum gravity. In the latter setting, summation is performed over a space of evolutionary pathways in a history configuration space. Discrete causal histories called acyclic directed sets offer certain advantages over similar models appearing in the literature, such as causal sets. Path summation defined in terms of these histories enables derivation of discrete Schrodinger-type equations describing quantum spacetime dynamics for any suitable choice of algebraic quantities associated with each evolutionary pathway. These quantities, called phases, collectively define a phase map from the space of evolutionary pathways to a target object, such as the unit circle S 1 ⊂ C , or an analogue such as S 3 or S 7 . This paper explores the problem of identifying suitable phase maps for discrete quantum gravity, focusing on a class of S 1 -valued maps defined in terms of “structural increments” of histories, called terminal states. Invariants such as state automorphism groups determine multiplicities of states, and induce families of natural entropy functions. A phase map defined in terms of such a function is called an entropic phase map. The associated dynamical law may be viewed as an abstract combination of Schrodinger’s equation and the second law of thermodynamics.
A linear model fails to predict orientation selectivity of cells in the cat visual cortex.

1. Postsynaptic potentials (PSPs) evoked by visual stimulation in simple cells in the cat visual cortex were recorded using in vivo whole‐cell technique. Responses to small spots of light presented at different positions over the receptive field and responses to elongated bars of different orientations centred on the receptive field were recorded. 2. To test whether a linear model can account for orientation selectivity of cortical neurones, responses to elongated bars were compared with responses predicted by a linear model from the receptive field map obtained from flashing spots. 3. The linear model faithfully predicted the preferred orientation, but not the degree of orientation selectivity or the sharpness of orientation tuning. The ratio of optimal to non‐optimal responses was always underestimated by the model. 4. Thus non‐linear mechanisms, which can include suppression of non‐optimal responses and/or amplification of optimal responses, are involved in the generation of orientation selectivity in the primary visual cortex.
Realization Of A Spatial Augmented Reality System - A Digital Whiteboard Using a Kinect Sensor and a PC Projector

Recent rapid development of cost-effective, accurate digital imaging sensors, high-speed computational hardware, and tractable design software has given rise to the growing field of augmented reality in the computer vision realm. The system design of a 'Digital Whiteboard' system is presented with the intention of realizing a practical, cost-effective and publicly available spatial augmented reality system. A Microsoft Kinect sensor and a PC projector coupled with a desktop computer form a type of spatial augmented reality system that creates a projection based graphical user interface that can turn any wall or planar surface into a 'Digital Whiteboard'. The system supports two kinds of user inputs consisting of depth and infra-red information. An infra-red collimated light source, like that of a laser pointer pen, serves as a stylus for user input. The user can point and shine the infra-red stylus on the selected planar region and the reflection of the infra-red light source is registered by the system using the infra-red camera of the Kinect. Using the geometric transformation between the Kinect and the projector, obtained with system calibration, the projector displays contours corresponding to the movement of the stylus on the 'Digital Whiteboard' region, according to a smooth curve fitting algorithm. The described projector-based spatial augmented reality system provides new unique possibilities for user interaction with digital content.
Progressive resistance strength training for physical disability in older people.

BACKGROUND Muscle weakness in old age, is associated with physical disability and an increased risk of falls. Progressive resistance strength (PRT) training exercises (i.e. movements performed against a specific external force that is regularly increased during training) are designed to increase strength in older people. OBJECTIVES To assess the effect of PRT on measures of physical disability, functional limitation and impairment in older people, and identify adverse events. SEARCH STRATEGY We searched the Cochrane Musculoskeletal Injuries Group specialized register (to August 2002), CENTRAL/CCTR (The Cochrane Library Issue 2, 2002), MEDLINE (1966 to February 1, 2002), EMBASE (1980 to February 1, 2002), CINAHL (1982 to February 1, 2002), Sports Discus (1948 to February 1, 2002), PEDro - The Physiotherapy Evidence Database (accessed February 1, 2002) and Digital Dissertations (accessed February 1, 2002). We also searched reference lists of articles, reviewed conference abstracts and contacted authors. SELECTION CRITERIA Randomised trials of PRT alone for older people (i.e. mean age of 60 or over) were included. DATA COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS Two reviewers independently assessed trial quality and extracted data. Weighted mean differences (WMD) were obtained using fixed or random effect models as appropriate. When measures with different units were pooled, standardised mean differences (SMD) were calculated. Relative risks were calculated for dichotomous outcomes. MAIN RESULTS Sixty-six trials with 3783 participants were included. Most studies were small and of poor quality. PRT had a large positive effect on strength (41 trials, 1955 participants), but there was statistical heterogeneity that was not explained by differences in study quality, participant characteristics or the exercise program. Some functional limitation measures showed modest improvements (i.e. gait speed, 14 trials, 798 participants, WMD 0.07 m/s, 95% CI 0.04 to 0.09). However, there was no evidence that PRT had an effect on physical disability when activity measures or health related quality of life measures (HRQOL) were assessed (10 trials, 798 participants, SMD 0.01, 95% CI -0.14 to 0.16 ). Adverse events were poorly recorded, but musculoskeletal injuries were detected in most of the studies that prospectively defined and monitored these events. REVIEWER'S CONCLUSIONS PRT appears to be an effective intervention to increase strength in older people and has a positive effect on some functional limitations. However, the effect of this intervention on more substantive outcomes such as measures of disability or HRQOL remains unclear. It is difficult to determine the balance of risks and benefits of PRT because adverse events have generally been poorly collected and recorded.
A Feasibility Study of Virtual Reality-Based Coping Skills Training for Nicotine Dependence

Objective: Virtual reality (VR)-based cue reactivity has been successfully used for the assessment of drug craving. Going beyond assessment of cue reactivity, a novel VR-based treatment approach for smoking cessation was developed and tested for feasibility. Method: In a randomized experiment, 10-week treatment feasibility trial, 46 nicotine-dependent adults, completed the10-week program. Virtual reality skills training (VRST) combined with nicotine replacement therapy (NRT) was compared to NRT alone. Participants were assessed for smoking behavior and coping skills during, at end of treatment, and at posttreatment follow-up. Results: Smoking rates and craving for nicotine were significantly lower for the VRST group compared to NRT-only group at the end of treatment. Self-confidence and coping skills were also significantly higher for the VRST group, and number of cigarettes smoked was significantly lower, compared to the control group at follow-up. Conclusions: Feasibility of VRST was supported in the current study.
Fundamentalist religion and the moral crusade against Satanism: The social construction of deviant behavior

This article presents a symbolic interactionist model of the social dynamics of moral crusades to define a new form of deviant behavior. It identifies the collective behavior processes through which a contemporary legend leads to the social construction of deviant behavior, particularly when underlying sources of social stress activate the search for scapegoats. The cognitive content of scapegoating is constructed when a frame for a perceived threat links a contemporary legend to a current ideology. The contemporary legend enables the claims of moral crusaders to reach a wide audience because their propaganda will appeal to familiar preconceptions of the nature of evil in society. The model was developed from research on the claims‐making activity of fundamentalists in the moral crusade against satanic cult crime. Fundamentalist religion plays a central role in the social construction of satanic cult crime because it offers: (1) a receptive ideology, (2) a well‐established communication network, and (3) o.
The Efficacy of Medical Team Training: Improved Team Performance and Decreased Operating Room Delays: A Detailed Analysis of 4863 Cases

Objectives:Medical team training (MTT) has been touted as a way to improve teamwork and patient safety in the operating room (OR). Methods:OR personal completed a 1-day intensive MTT training. A standardized briefing/debriefing/perioperative routine was developed, including documentation of OR miscues, delays, and a case score (1–5) assigned by the OR team. A multidisciplinary MTT committee reviewed and rectified any systems problems identified. Debriefing items were analyzed comparing baseline data with 12 and 24-month follow-up. A safety attitudes questionnaire was administered at baseline and 1 year. Results:A total of 4863 MTT debriefings were analyzed. One year following MTT, case delays decreased (23% to 10%, P < 0.0001), mean case score increased (4.07–4.87, P < 0.0005), and both changes were sustained at 24 months. One-year and 24-month follow-up data demonstrated decreased frequency of preoperative delays (16%–7%, P = 0.004), hand-off issues (5.4%–0.3%, P < 0.0001), equipment issues/delays (24%–7%, P < 0.0001), cases with low (<3) case scores (23%–3%, P < 0.0005), and adherence to timing guidelines for prophylactic antibiotic administration improved (85%–97%, P < 0.0001). Surveys documented perception of improved teamwork and patient safety. A major systems issue regarding perioperative medication orders was identified and corrected. Conclusions:MTT produced sustained improvement in OR team function, including decreased delays and improved case scores. When combined with a high-level debriefing/problem-solving process, MTT can be a foundation for improving OR performance. This is the largest case analysis of MTT and one of the few to document an impact of MTT on objective measures of operating room function and patient safety.
The relative prevalence of wave-packets and coherent structures in the inertial and kinetic ranges of turbulence as seen by Solar Orbiter

The Solar Orbiter (SO) mission provides the opportunity to study the evolution of solar wind turbulence. We use SO observations of nine extended intervals of homogeneous turbulence to determine when turbulent magnetic field fluctuations may be characterized as: (i) wave-packets and (ii) coherent structures (CS). We perform the first systematic scale-by-scale decomposition of the magnetic field using two wavelets known to resolve wave-packets and discontinuities, the Daubechies 10 (Db10) and Haar respectively. The probability distributions (pdfs) of turbulent fluctuations on small scales exhibit stretched tails, becoming Gaussian at the outer scale of the cascade. Using quantile-quantile plots, we directly compare the wavelet fluctuations pdfs, revealing three distinct regimes of behaviour. Deep within the inertial range (IR) both decompositions give essentially the same fluctuation pdfs. Deep within the kinetic range (KR) the pdfs are distinct as the Haar wavelet fluctuations have larger variance and more extended tails. On intermediate scales, spanning the IR-KR break, the pdf is composed of two populations: a core of common functional form containing $\sim97\%$ of fluctuations, and tails which are more extended for Haar fluctuations than Db10 fluctuations. This establishes a crossover between wave-packet (core) and CS (tail) phenomenology in the IR and KR respectively. The range of scales where the pdfs are $2$-component is narrow at $0.9$ au ($4-16$ s) and broader ($0.5-8$ s) at $0.4$ au. As CS and wave-wave interactions are both candidates to mediate the turbulent cascade, these results offer new insights into the distinct physics of the IR and KR.
What is ‘South Asian’? A quantitative content analysis evaluating the use of South Asian ethnic categorization in Canadian health research

The use of ‘South Asian’ ethnic categorization was investigated to determine if there is consistency in its use in health research in Canada. Quantitative content analysis and a secondary qualitative content analysis were carried out on articles retrieved from a systematic review of Canadian health research conducted on ‘South Asians’ from 2005 to 2012. About 22% of articles (n = 31) examining South Asian health in Canada failed to include an explicit definition of ‘South Asian’. The failure to use a consistent operationalized definition throughout the study and the inappropriate application of findings to the relevant South Asian subpopulations were the major problems noted in the literature. Given the contextuality and fluidity of ethnic identity, the authors recommend the consistent use of explicit definitions of the specific subgroup of interest and that findings based on specific subgroups not be applied to the ‘South Asian community’ at large.
Accurate Motion Estimation through Random Sample Aggregated Consensus

We reconsider the classic problem of estimating accurately a 2D transformation from point matches between images containing outliers. RANSAC discriminates outliers by randomly generating minimalistic sampled hypotheses and verifying their consensus over the input data. Its response is based on the single hypothesis that obtained the largest inlier support. In this article we show that the resulting accuracy can be improved by aggregating all generated hypotheses. This yields RANSAAC, a framework that improves systematically over RANSAC and its state-of-the-art variants by statistically aggregating hypotheses. To this end, we introduce a simple strategy that allows to rapidly average 2D transformations, leading to an almost negligible extra computational cost. We give practical applications on projective transforms and homography+distortion models and demonstrate a significant performance gain in both cases.
Seasonal changes in body mass, insulin, and glucocorticoids of free-living golden-mantled ground squirrels.

The aim of the present study was to determine the relationship between seasonal variation in levels of insulin, cortisol, and corticosterone and body mass in a natural population of golden-mantled ground squirrels (Spermophilus saturatus) over the active season, from April to August. The body mass of females is at an active season minimum on emergence from hibernation, increases during pregnancy and lactation, and shows a further rise during fattening, reaching a peak in August. Males are heavier than females on emergence from hibernation, lose mass during the mating period, then gradually increase to a maximum in August. Plasma insulin titers generally reflected these patterns of change in body mass. Levels in males were almost double those of females on emergence, then decreased as body mass was lost during mating. Male values increased in July and peaked in August, coincident with the body mass maximum. Females, in contrast, showed very low insulin levels in April on emergence and increased levels during lactation, continuing high into the fattening period. Corticosterone levels were low in both sexes at the beginning of the season and rose throughout most of the active season; female levels exceeded those of males during the lactation phase. Cortisol titers gradually decreased over the first half of the active season in both sexes, but later increased to a seasonal maximum at the end of the season, coincident with the peak in body mass. (ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)