Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Something to Say: Children Learning Through Story

Research Findings: All children from all backgrounds and histories learn through their stories while engaging in play and other daily activities. They experience development in multiple domains and engage in multidimensional learning when given the opportunity and encouragement. Practice or Policy: This article documents a segment of a larger qualitative study of early childhood integrated curriculum. This study, which is based on critical theory, focuses on the use of story as a vital construct for development and learning. Findings on children's engagement with story have emerged to illustrate information in three areas: story supporting children's symbolic play, story supporting children's interaction with literature, and story supporting children's writing about their ideas in narrative form. This article documents young children and their teachers using narrative to cross boundaries and interact with different constructs within their world of learning.
Suppression of Even-Order Photodiode Nonlinearities in Multioctave Photonic Links

A balanced photonic receiver is demonstrated to suppress photodiode-generated even-order nonlinearities in a photonic link. This result is especially important for multioctave analog applications. Experimental results are presented for a high-frequency (2-30 MHz) link exhibiting 33-dB suppression of the second harmonic, resulting in an output intercept point of 99 dBm due to second-order intermodulation distortion at 26-mA average photocurrent.
The weight distribution of the self-dual [128, 64] polarity design code

The weight distribution of the binary self-dual $[128,64]$ code being the extended code $C^{*}$ of the code $C$ spanned by the incidence vectors of the blocks of the polarity design in $PG(6,2)$ [11] is computed. It is shown also that $R(3,7)$ and $C^{*}$ have no self-dual $[128,64,d]$ neighbor with $d \in \{ 20, 24 \}$.
Lungs deposition and pharmacokinetic study of submicron budesonide particles in Wistar rats intended for immediate effect in asthma

The purpose of the present investigation was to study the aerosolization, lungs deposition and pharmacokinetic study of inhalable submicron particles of budesonide in male Wistar rats. Submicron particles were prepared by antisolvent nanoprecipitation method and freeze-dried to obtain free flowing powder. The freeze-drying process yielded dry powder with desirable aerodynamic properties for inhalation therapy. An in-house model inhaler was designed to deliver medicine to lungs, optimized at dose level of 10 mg for 30 sec of fluidization. The in vitro aerosolization study demonstrates that submicron particles dissolve faster with improved aerosolization effect as compared to micronized budesonide. Both submicron and micron particles were compared for in vivo lungs deposition. The results showed that relatively high quantity of submicron particles reaches deep into the lungs as compared to micron particles. Most pronounced effect observed with submicron particles from pharmacokinetic parameters was the enhancement in peak plasma concentration (Cmax) by 28.85 %, and increase in area under concentration curve (AUC0-8h) by 30.33 % compared to micron sized particles. The results suggested that developed submicronized formulation of budesonide can be used for pulmonary drug delivery for high deposition to deep lungs tissues.
Family medicine community preceptors: different from other physician specialties?

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES Few studies address the satisfaction of community preceptors in different specializations. This study compares preceptor satisfaction of family physicians with other physician specialties. METHODS All 1,221 physician preceptors in a statewide system received surveys by mail. RESULTS Almost 67% returned questionnaires. The group consisted of 46% family physicians, 22% internists, 20% pediatricians, and 12% physicians in other specialties. The majority reported high levels of satisfaction with precepting (94.4%), incentives (53.3%), and professional life (91.6%). Significantly more family physicians and pediatricians than physicians in other specialties felt that having students had a more negative influence on patient flow (54.4% and 53.5%), and family physicians were more likely to indicate that precepting students increased their working hours. Family physicians more often reported that helping recruit for their specialty was an important factor in their decision to teach (32.8%). Family physicians placed more importance on receiving continuing medical education credit for teaching and less value on academic appointments, and they were also less satisfied with their incomes. CONCLUSIONS Family medicine community physician preceptors have some differing needs and motivations than other physician specialties. With the increased demand for preceptors, it is important to tailor support to meet individual preceptor needs.
Ethnosocial aspects of population distribution in cities of Tataria (on the examples of Kazan and Al'met'evsk).

Among research topics in the study of social and ethnic processes occurring in our country and abroad, questions concerning urban populations have become increasingly prominent in recent years. (1) This is related to the fact that today no less than one-third of humanity lives in towns and cities, and the population of the USSR is nearly two-thirds urban. The ethnic makeup of cities is more mixed than that of the surrounding rural communities. Large cities and capitals have always been powerful catalysts of social and ethnic processes, and under the conditions of socialism they also become active centers of convergence of social classes and nationalities and thus centers for the consolidation of nations. (2) All these processes must be studied not in isolation but jointly. This was an underlying premise in the empirical surveys in towns and cities of the Tatar ASSR directed by O. I. Shkaratan in 1967-68 and in 1974. (3) Below we will examine some of the results obtained in the course of processing data co.
Regulation of the citrate synthase (gltA) gene of Escherichia coli in response to anaerobiosis and carbon supply: role of the arcA gene product

As an enzyme of the tricarboxylic acid cycle pathway, citrate synthase participates in the generation of a variety of cellular biosynthetic intermediates and in that of reduced purine nucleotides that are used in energy generation via electron transport-linked phosphorylation reactions. It catalyzes the condensation of oxaloacetate and acetyl coenzyme A to produce citrate plus coenzyme A. In Escherichia coli this enzyme is encoded by the gltA gene. To investigate how gltA expression is regulated, a gltA-lacZ operon fusion was constructed and analyzed following aerobic and anaerobic cell growth on various types of culture media. Under aerobic culture conditions, expression was elevated to a level twofold higher than that reached under anaerobic culture conditions. ArcA functions as a repressor of gltA expression under each set of conditions: in a delta arcA strain, gltA-lacZ expression was elevated to levels two- and eightfold higher than those seen in a wild-type strain under aerobic and anaerobic conditions, respectively. This control is independent of the fnr gene product, an alternative anaerobic gene regulator in E. coli. When the richness or type of carbon compound used for cell growth was varied, gltA-lacZ expression varied by 10- to 14-fold during aerobic and anaerobic growth. This regulation was independent of both the crp and fruR gene products, suggesting that another regulatory element in E. coli is responsible for the observed control. Finally, gltA-lacZ expression was shown to be inversely proportional to the cell growth rate. These findings indicate that the regulation of gltA gene expression is complex in meeting the differential needs of the cell for biosynthesis and energy generation under various cell culture conditions.
Remediating child poverty via preschool: exploring practitioners' perspectives in England

Abstract Within developed countries child poverty is a social problem with significant negative effects. With a backdrop of austerity, the UK's first child poverty strategy was released in 2011. Pervaded by neo-liberal ideology this strategy identifies preschool services as key to remediating the negative effects of child poverty on children and families as a means to ‘unlock social mobility’. Drawing on interviews with preschool practitioners working in the poorest region of England, this article provides a rare, close-up insight into how they have responded to assumptions about their role within the policy discussions and debates about child poverty. Findings reveal how those interviewed have internalised the UK Coalition government's discursive formation of child poverty and social justice. Their narratives also indicate how, alongside the child poverty strategy, ‘policy technology’ accompanying the emergence of related reforms to the preschool sector in England and financial cuts are regulative and restrictive to practitioners' thinking and actions. Although only small scale, this research identifies challenges which will potentially prevent practitioners from creating the conditions necessary to address the effects of child poverty and ensure the Coalition government's vision of social justice in England.
Model Checking For Fault Explanation

Model checking is very effective at finding out even subtle faults in system designs. A counterexample is usually generated by model checking algorithms when a system does not satisfy the given specification. However, a counterexample is not always helpful in explaining and isolating faults in a system when the counterexample is very long, which is usually the case for large scale systems. As such, there is a pressing need to develop fault explanation and isolation techniques. In this paper, we present a new approach for the fault explanation and isolation in discrete event systems with LTL (linear-time temporal logic) specifications. The notion of fault seed is introduced to characterize the cause of a fault. The identification of the fault seed is further reduced to a model checking problem. An algorithm is obtained for the fault seed identification. An example is provided to demonstrate the effectiveness of the approach developed
Breaking Bad: Detecting malicious domains using word segmentation

In recent years, vulnerable hosts and maliciously registered domains have been frequently involved in mobile attacks. In this paper, we explore the feasibility of detecting malicious domains visited on a cellular network based solely on lexical characteristics of the domain names. In addition to using traditional quantitative features of domain names, we also use a word segmentation algorithm to segment the domain names into individual words to greatly expand the size of the feature set. Experiments on a sample of real-world data from a large cellular network show that using word segmentation improves our ability to detect malicious domains relative to approaches without segmentation, as measured by misclassification rates and areas under the ROC curve. Furthermore, the results are interpretable, allowing one to discover (with little supervision or tuning required) which words are used most often to attract users to malicious domains. Such a lightweight approach could be performed in near-real time when a device attempts to visit a domain. This approach can complement (rather than substitute) other more expensive and time-consuming approaches to similar problems that use richer feature sets.
Data demonstrations on physical oceanography and underwater acoustics from the MArine Cable Hosted Observatory (MACHO)

In September 2011, the MArine Cable Hosted Observatory (MACHO) was launched in the northeastern sea off Taiwan for surveillance of submarine earthquakes, tsunami, and the ocean environment. The MACHO system, administrated by the Central Weather Bureau, is the first submarine observatory for various science research projects in Taiwan. Based on the MACHO system, we plan to have the marine observatory in the northeast Taiwan (MONET) focused on physical oceanography and ocean acoustics. This paper presents some preliminary results from the data collection of the CTD and acoustic data in the MACHO system. The CTD data show the daily fluctuations due to interactions between the tide and bathymetry. Event detection presents three underwater noise mechanisms, which are earthquake, shipping, and marine mammal. Moreover, we offer an e-research platform for future data exhibition and communication between scientists.
A new conceptual paradigm for the haemodynamics of salt‐sensitive hypertension: a mathematical modelling approach

• Causes of chronically‐elevated arterial blood pressure (hypertension) are highly debated and difficult to study experimentally. Mathematical models can help elucidate potential causes of hypertension that are experimentally inaccessible. • All current models are based on one key assumption that long‐term regulation of blood pressure depends on sodium excretion by the kidney. This assumption leads to the conclusion that hypertension must be caused by kidney dysfunction. • However, some experimental evidence suggests that kidney function can remain normal and that instead elevated neural activity to the vasculature causes hypertension. • We developed a mathematical model where sodium excretion is independent of blood pressure and neural activation to the vasculature triggers hypertension. Our model reproduces the solutions of earlier models, yet still shows the empirically well‐established correlation between changes in sodium excretion and blood pressure. • Thus the model provides a novel platform for studying non‐kidney based theories of hypertension aetiology.
The strength of family ties: How US migration shapes children’s ideas of family

Research shows that members of transnational families sustain meaningful relationships despite the physical boundaries that separate them. At the same time, distance creates many stresses and strains that disrupt family life. In this article, the authors take a child-centered approach to explore how the migration of different family members affects children’s ideas about their families. To do so they use a unique data set of 421 drawings collected from Mexican school children, ages 5–15. The data suggest that the migration of a family member activates his or her symbolic membership in the family in the eyes of the children.
Online Boosting Based Intrusion Detection in Changing Environments

Intrusion detection is an active research field in the development of reliable web-based information systems, where many artificial intelligence techniques are exploited to fit the specific application. Although some detection algorithms have been developed, they lack the adaptability to the frequently changing network environments, since they are mostly trained in batch mode. In this paper, we propose an online boosting based intrusion detection method, which has the ability of efficient online learning of new network intrusions. The detection can be performed in real-time with high detection accuracy. Experimental results show the advantage of the method in the intrusion detection application.
Compartmentalization and Transport in Synthetic Vesicles

Nanoscale vesicles have become a popular tool in life sciences. Besides liposomes that are generated from phospholipids of natural origin, polymersomes fabricated of synthetic block copolymers enjoy increasing popularity, as they represent more versatile membrane building blocks that can be selected based on their specific physicochemical properties, such as permeability, stability, or chemical reactivity. In this review, we focus on the application of simple and nested artificial vesicles in synthetic biology. First, we provide an introduction into the utilization of multicompartmented vesosomes as compartmentalized nanoscale bioreactors. In the bottom-up development of protocells from vesicular nanoreactors, the specific exchange of pathway intermediates across compartment boundaries represents a bottleneck for future studies. To date, most compartmented bioreactors rely on unspecific exchange of substrates and products. This is either based on changes in permeability of the coblock polymer shell by physicochemical triggers or by the incorporation of unspecific porin proteins into the vesicle membrane. Since the incorporation of membrane transport proteins into simple and nested artificial vesicles offers the potential for specific exchange of substances between subcompartments, it opens new vistas in the design of protocells. Therefore, we devote the main part of the review to summarize the technical advances in the use of phospholipids and block copolymers for the reconstitution of membrane proteins.
Cutting efficiency evaluation of Quantec Series 2000 orifice openers with computed tomography (CT).

INTRODUCTION Orifice openers or orifice shapers are used to shape the coronal part of the root canals during endodontic treatment. OBJECTIVES The aim of this work was to analyse the cutting efficiency of Quantec Series 2000 system orifice shapers by means of computerised tomography (CT). MATERIALS AND METHODS Mandibular molars were selected, preoperative CT was performed and the cross-sections and surface area of the root canals were measured. Following access opening and preparation of the coronal part of the canals with Quantec Series 2000 orifice shapers, a further CT was obtained of all the teeth, the previous measurements were repeated and the two sets of measurements were compared. RESULTS Although the canals suffered modifications due to the action of the instruments, they remained centred and retained their original morphology; the changes were greater in the most coronal part of the canals. CONCLUSIONS the orifice shapers of the system under study kept the canals centred on their original position, so they do not present great aggressiveness during endodontic treatment; the canals that were initially the widest were those that showed the greatest modification; the CT system employed in the study showed itself to be an effective, non-invasive system for studying the changes that had taken place inside the root canals.
System NOC Time Top

Reengineering and integrated development platforms typically do not list search results in a particularly useful order. PageRank is the algorithm prominently used by the Google internet search engine to rank the relative importance of elements in a set of hyperlinked documents. To determine the relevance of objects, classes, attributes, and methods we propose to apply PageRank to software artifacts and their relationship (reference, inheritance, access, and invocation). This paper presents various experiments that demonstrate the usefulness of the ranking algorithm in software (re)engineering.
Activation of human neutrophil procollagenase by stromelysin 2.

Neutrophil procollagenase (MMP-8) was efficiently activated by incubation with active stromelysin 2 (MMP-10). A single-step activation mechanism involving the cleavage of the Gly78-Phe79 peptide bond at the end of the propeptide domain was observed. Determination of the collagenolytic activity revealed the generation of active neutrophil collagenase displaying high specific activity. When compared with the specific activity following mercurial activation, which generates active collagenase by autoproteolytic cleavage of either Phe79-Met8O or Met8O-Leu81 peptide bonds [Bläser, J., Knäuper, V. , Osthues, A. , Reinke, H. & Tschesche, H. (1991) Eur J. Biochem. 202, 1223-1230], the specific activity of the stromelysin-2-activated enzyme was considerably higher. Thus, human neutrophil procollagenase was 'superactivated' by stromelysin 2, as was recently shown for the stromelysin-1-activated enzyme [Knäuper, V. , Wilhelm, S. M. , Seperack, P. K. , De Clerck, Y. A. , Langley, K. E. , Osthues, A. & Tschesche, H. 1993 a) Biochem. J. 295, 581-586].
Structure-control dynamic design of parallel robots for end-effector trajectory tracking and singularity avoidance

In this paper, the integrated design of a parallel robot and its controller is stated as a nonlinear dynamic optimization problem (NLDOP), where the robot structural parameters and the controller gains are simultaneously found in order to track a desired trajectory with singularity avoidance. The dynamics of the parallel robot, which is nonlinear differential equations (NLDEs), is included into the NLDOP as equality constraints. A constraint handling differential evolution technique (CHDET) is used for solving the NLDOP. Finally, the design of a planar 5R 2DoF parallel robot and its controller demonstrates the effectiveness of the proposed approach via simulation results.
Deviant or Diverse Peer Groups? The Peer Affiliations of Aggressive Elementary Students.

This study examined peer affiliations of aggressive children in a sample of 948 students (496 girls, 452 boys) from 59 elementary classrooms (4th-6th grades). Groups were identified as zero aggressive, nonaggressive, aggressive, and mixed. The deviant peer group hypothesis was partially supported. Two thirds of aggressive boys and one half of aggressive girls were members of nonaggressive or mixed peer groups. Unpopular aggressive boys were most likely to be members of nonaggressive groups, whereas popular aggressive boys were most likely to be in aggressive and mixed groups. Aggressive and nonaggressive associates tended to be similar on key social characteristics (i.e., popularity, athleticism, leadership).
Online Privacy and Consumer Protection: An Analysis of Portal Privacy Statements

The advent of information technologies has raised public concern regarding privacy, as documented by the results of several surveys. Although extensive, online privacy statements seldom provide explicit reassurance that consumer information will be kept confidential and will not be exploited. This research examines these privacy statements to determine their overall utility. We evaluate the overall efficacy of privacy statements and focus on the language, format, privacy reassurances, complexity of legal and technical terms, and perceived statement credibility. A content analysis of privacy statements reveals that privacy statements do not always protect customer interests as much as they serve as legal safeguards for the companies involved.
An Observational Study of Small-Group Mathematics Instruction in Elementary Schools

This article reports a naturalistic study of small-group instruction in elementary school mathematics classes. Three school districts from three cities (a small suburban city, a large urban city, and a middle-sized city) in three midwestern states were studied. Observations (N = 206) of entire mathematics periods were made in the classrooms of 33 teachers (primarily fourth-, fifth-, and sixth-grade) in 21 schools. This article describes the types of small-group formats observed, the variation in teachers’ use of time in 12 teaching functions, and the extent to which group structure and use of teaching functions affected the task climate in which students learned mathematics. Six types of small-group formats were found: whole-class ad hoc, two groups, three groups, four groups or more (mixed-size groups), heterogeneous work groups (cooperative learning), and individualized grouping.