Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Design and Evaluation of Advanced Collusion Attacks on Collaborative Intrusion Detection Networks in Practice

To encourage collaboration among single intrusion detection systems (IDSs), collaborative intrusion detection networks (CIDNs) have been developed that enable different IDS nodes to communicate information with each other. This distributed network infrastructure aims to improve the detection performance of a single IDS, but may suffer from various insider attacks like collusion attacks, where several malicious nodes can collaborate to perform adversary actions. To defend against insider threats, challenge-based trust mechanisms have been proposed in the literature and proven to be robust against collusion attacks. However, we identify that such mechanisms depend heavily on an assumption of malicious nodes, which is not likely to be realistic and may lead to a weak threat model in practical scenarios. In this paper, we analyze the robustness of challenge-based CIDNs in real-world applications and present an advanced collusion attack, called random poisoning attack, which derives from the existing attacks. In the evaluation, we investigate the attack performance in both simulated and real CIDN environments. Experimental results demonstrate that our attack can enables a malicious node to send untruthful information without decreasing its trust value at large. Our research attempts to stimulate more research in designing more robust CIDN framework in practice.
Linkages Among Asset Markets in the United States Tests in a Bivariate GARCH Framework

This paper develops a bivariate GARCH model that allows for time-varying conditional correlations and simultaneous testing of two Granger-causal linkages: the impact of return volatility in a market on intermarket correlation and the impact of return volatility in one market on the volatility of another. Using daily data from stock, bond, currency, and commodity markets in the United States, the paper finds evidence of each form of linkage. Furthermore, the conditional correlations change over time and exhibit considerable persistence. The estimated time-varying conditional correlations provide insight into the nature of the stock market crash of 1987.
Conditioned emergence: researching change and changing research

This paper aims to enable the operations management community to engage with concepts from the field of complexity theory and apply them to the issue of organisational transformation. It begins by reviewing existing work on strategic change, then provides an overview of complexity theory to show how the conditioned emergence model was developed. A brief statement on method follows, which describes our research process in terms of mode 2 knowledge production. An illustrative case study is then presented and is used to highlight aspects of the model and the overlaps and differences between conditioned emergence and other approaches. The paper concludes that organisational transformation can be viewed as an emergent process which can be accessed and influenced through three interacting gateways, i.e. order generating rules, disequilibrium and positive feedback. Finally, an appendix is included which focuses specifically on the issue of the research process. Here, it is argued that calls for managerially‐relevant research will be best met through more widespread adoption of mode 2 as an approach.
Are Young Age and Insulin Treatment Enough to Diagnose IDDM?

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A design approach for a new 6-DoF haptic device based on parallel kinematics

This paper presents an approach to a methodology for design, analysis and optimization of haptic devices. This approach roughly divides the design process into; device requirements, conceptual design, device design, control design and finally building a prototype of the device. In addition, we have applied the first two phases of this methodology, i.e. device requirements and conceptual design on the development of a new 6-DoF haptic device. The intended application area for this device is medical simulations and this research is one important component towards achieving manipulation capabilities and force/torque feedback in six degrees of freedom during medical simulations. Three candidate concepts, all based on parallel kinematic structures, have been investigated and analyzed. The performance parameters being analyzed have covered workspace analysis and force/torque requirements to fulfill the specified TCP force performance. The initial analysis of these three concepts has shown, after a smaller modification of one of the concepts that all concepts seem to satisfy the initially stated requirements.
Evaluation of left ventricular function using Tei index in patients with preinfarction angina.

OBJECTIVE The study investigated whether preinfarction angina influences left ventricular functions assessed using Tei index, which is an independent predictor for left ventricular dysfunction in acute myocardial infarction. METHODS We studied 96 patients with acute myocardial infarction with ST segment elevation (80 men, 16 women; mean age 57.5+/-9.9 years) who were assigned into 2 groups: with and without preinfarction angina. All patients were serially evaluated by 2-dimensional and Doppler echocardiography on the days 1, 6, and 30, and were followed up for 30 days for incidence of complications. RESULTS We observed that Tei index was lower on the days 1, 6 and 30 (0.49+/-0.20 vs. 0.59+/-0.20, p=0.003, 0.46+/-0.20 vs. 0.56+/-0.20, p=0.001, 0.44+/-0.20 vs. 0.53+/-0.10, p=0.01) in patients with preinfarction angina as compared with those without angina. Tei index significantly decreased during follow-up (0.49+/-0.20, 0.46+/-0.20, 0.44+/-0.20; p=0.02) in patients with preinfarction angina, while it did not change significantly in patients without preinfarction angina (p=0.2). Echocardiographically significant improvements were observed in E deceleration time, isovolumic relaxation time and ejection time in all patients, whereas significant improvements in ejection fraction, wall motion score index and isovolumic contraction time were observed only in patients with preinfarction angina during follow-up. Mortality, Killip class >or=2, pericarditis, atrial fibrillation, and left ventricular thrombus were lower in patients with preinfarction angina. CONCLUSION These data indicated that the patients with preinfarction angina had better preserved systolic left ventricular function and Tei index values. Also, it was observed that preinfarction angina may cause earlier and more prominent myocardial functional recovery and confer protection against complications on short-term after first acute myocardial infarction.
Report on the vitamin D status of adult and pediatric patients with inflammatory bowel disease and its significance for bone health and disease

&NA; Vitamin D is a hormone responsible for calcium homeostasis and essential for bone mineralization throughout the lifespan. Recent studies revealed a high prevalence of hypovitaminosis D among healthy adults and children, especially in the northern hemisphere, and a link between this condition and suboptimal bone health. Moreover, maintenance of what are today considered optimal vitamin D stores has not been achieved throughout the year with currently recommended daily intake for vitamin D. The prevalence of hypovitaminosis D is even higher among adults with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), a situation that may be caused by malabsorption and gastrointestinal losses through an inflamed intestine, among other factors. In children with IBD, existing reports of vitamin D status are scarce. The relationship between vitamin D status and bone health, although well‐established in healthy adults and children, has been controversial among adults and children with IBD, and the reasons for this have not been investigated to date. Studies in animal models of colitis and in vitro human studies support a role of vitamin D in the regulation of the immune system of the gut and the potential of vitamin D and its derivatives as therapeutic adjuncts in the treatment of IBD. This role of vitamin D has not been investigated with translational studies to date. Currently, there are no guidelines for monitoring vitamin D status, treating hypovitaminosis D, and maintaining optimal vitamin D stores in patients with IBD. These tasks may prove particularly difficult because of malabsorption and gastrointestinal losses that are associated with IBD.
Investment Age and Dynamic Productivity Growth in the Spanish Food Processing Industry

This article analyzes the relation between investment age, measured as the number of years since investment spike, and dynamic productivity growth and its components, which include dynamic technical change, dynamic inefficiency change, and dynamic scale inefficiency change. The empirical application focuses on firm-level data for the Spanish food processing industry covering the period from 1996 to 2011. This investigation of the impact of firms' investment decisions on productivity growth employs a dynamic production framework and analyzes the impact of these decisions on the components of dynamic productivity growth. Our findings show that dynamic productivity growth is negatively affected by investment spikes in both the meat processing and oils and fats industries, and that dynamic inefficiency change initially falls just after the infusion of large investment for oils and fats firms, but then grows as the firms acquire experience with this investment. We further find that investment spikes lead to improvements in dynamic technical change and worsening in dynamic technical inefficiency change in the meat processing industry, while dynamic scale inefficiency change was negatively impacted in both industries.
The Relationship Between Charismatic Leadership, Work Engagement, and Organizational Citizenship Behaviors

ABSTRACT Researchers in organizational behavior have long been interested in exploring how employees’ perceptions of their leaders influence their work-related thoughts and behaviors. This study tested a meditation model linking leader charisma to organizational citizenship behaviors (OCB) via work engagement. The authors administered 91 participants the Multifactor Leadership Questionnaire, the OCB Scale, and the Work Engagement Scale. The results indicated a significant positive relation between charismatic leadership and work engagement, between work engagement and OCB, and between charismatic leadership and OCB. Results also indicate a full mediation of leadership's effects on OCB via work engagement. This mediation relation suggests some of the mechanisms of charismatic leadership, and it provides an interesting avenue for future research.
Fracture toughness of bleached enamel: Effect of applying three different nanobiomaterials by nanoindentation test

Background: Despite the absence of dispute about the efficacy of bleaching agents, a prime concern is about their compromising effect on the enamel structure. This in vitro study investigated whether the addition of three different biomaterials, including nano-bioactive glass (n-BG)/nano-hydroxy apetite (n-HA)/nano-amorphous calcium phosphate (n-ACP), to bleaching agents can affect the fracture toughness (FT) and vickers hardness number (VHN) of bovine enamel. Materials and Methods: The crowns of the newly extracted permanent bovine incisors teeth were separated from the root and sectioned along their central line; one half serving as the control specimen and the other half as the test specimen. After mounting and polishing procedure, all the control specimens (C) were subjected to nano-indentation test to obtain the baseline values of FT. Then, the control specimens were exposed to a 38% hydrogen peroxide for four times, each time for 10 min. The test specimens were divided into three groups and treated as follows, with the same protocol used for the control specimens: Group 1; ACP + hydrogen peroxide (HP) mixed gel; Group 2 BG + HP mixed gel; and Group 3 HA + HP mixed gel. FT measurements with nano-indentation were carried out subsequent to bleaching experiments. Data were analyzed using SPSS and Kruskal–Wallis test (α = 0.05). Results: A significant difference in young's modulus (YM), VHN, and FT at baseline and subsequent to bleaching in control group was observed. However, no significant differences were found in YM, VHN, and FT between the test groups, compared to the respective baseline values. Conclusion: Under the limitations of the current study, it can be concluded that the n-HA, n-ACP, and n-BG could be potential biomaterials used to reduce the adverse effects of tooth bleaching.
Synchrophasor Estimators Accuracy: A Comparative Analysis

The real-time high-accuracy measurement of waveform phasors is one of the many open challenges that need to be addressed in future smart grids. In this paper, the accuracy of four recently proposed synchrophasor estimators is analyzed and compared with the well-known one-cycle discrete Fourier transform estimator under the effect of static frequency offsets, amplitude modulation, phase modulation, harmonic distortion, and wideband noise. Two of the considered techniques track the phasor variations through finite-difference equations that estimate the first- and second-order derivatives of the phasor itself. The other two methods are instead based on a least squares estimation of the coefficients of the phasor Taylor's series expansion. The analysis reported in this paper covers the main scenarios described in the Standard IEEE C37.118. 1-2011. In particular, the influence of different signal parameters on the total vector error (TVE) values is quantified and used to determine the maximum TVE increments associated with distinct parameters and the corresponding upper bounds.
Notice of Violation of IEEE Publication PrinciplesMobile vision robot using the SIFT algorithm for object recognition

This paper presents an application of vision-based object recognition to create in mobile robots. A system is developed which makes use of the scale invariant feature transform (SIFT) algorithm to recognize a leader robot or human. The follower robot then uses PID control to track the leader's movements while maintaining a fixed following distance. These experiments proved the SIFT algorithm as a viable method of creating leader/follower behavior, and can serve as a proof of concept for more complex convoying operations using machine-vision based leader detection.
Can Adjustment Costs Explain the Variability and Counter-Cyclicality of the Labour Share at the Firm and Aggregate Level?

This paper shows that adjustment costs modelled as firing costs of moderate size go a long way in explaining the variability and counter-cyclicality of the labour share at the firm and aggregate level. Firing costs cause firms to hire less in recessions and hire less in booms causing wage costs to fluctuate less cyclically than output, thus inducing variability and countercyclicality in the labour share. The paper develops a dynamic labour demand model with firing costs. The model is then calibrated using moments derived from 1634 French manufacturing firms and aggregate French manufacturing data. The calibrated model is able to closely match the variability and counter-cyclicality of the labour share at the firm level while it also generates a countercyclical aggregate labour share with a variability 60% of that in French aggregate manufacturing. JEL Classification: D21, E25
What Can We Learn from the Grand Policy Experiment? Lessons from SO2 Allowance Trading

The most ambitious application ever attempted of a market-based approach to environmental protection has been for the control of acid rain under the Clean Air Act amendments of 1990, which established a sulfur dioxide allowance trading program. This essay identifies lessons that can be learned from this grand experiment in economically oriented environmental policy. The author examines positive political economy lessons, asking why this system was adopted from acid-rain control in 1990, and he considers normative lessons that can be learned from the program's structure and performance, focusing on lessons for the design and implementation of future systems.
Livestock based livelihoods and pathways out of poverty: the case of smallholder farmers in Bangladesh

This paper evaluates livelihoods of smallholder livestock farmers who were beneficiaries of a poverty alleviation programme involving longer term intervention towards building the strength of stakeholders such as government department, NGOs, village organisations and women beneficiaries. Data are drawn from a survey of 400 women farmers in 2006 and 2008. These farmers have been the members of BRAC, a well known NGO in Bangladesh. Poverty profiles, transition matrices and regression analysis drawn from asset-base framework are used to analyze data. A number of key questions related to poverty transition through livestock based activities, heterogeneity in livelihood choice and its impact on household welfare, extent of poverty reduction using different strategies etc. are addressed.
Market Resolution and Valuation in Incomplete Markets

The Arrow-Debreu approach to general equilibrium in an economy has been recognized as one of the most general and conceptually elegant frameworks for the study of financial problems under uncertainty [2], [9]. Equally well known is its elusiveness when it comes to ready application to practical problems (like capital budgeting) or empirical testing. (See [6], [15]–[18].) However, some recent research (see [1], [3], [6], [12]–[16], [18], and [19]) has made a serious attempt to put the state-preference theoretic model in an operational setting. Breeden and Litzenberger [6] have developed an interesting approach to derive constructively the prices of elementary Arrow-Debreu securities from the prices of call options on aggregate consumption. Banz and Miller [3] use a similar technique to value capital budgeting projects based on values for state-contingent claims computed from prices of call options written on the market portfolio. The “supershare” securities proposed by Hakansson [14]–[16] and related work by Garman [13], Ross [24], etc., have also served to give the so-called “state-contingent” approach a practical flavor.
Phosphorus transfer in runoff following application of fertilizer, manure, and sewage sludge.

Phosphorus (P) transfer in surface runoff from field plots receiving either no P, triplesuperphoshate (TSP), liquid cattle manure (LCS), liquid anaerobically digested sludge (LDS), or dewatered sludge cake (DSC) was compared over a 2-yr period. Dissolved inorganic P concentrations in runoff increased from 0.1 to 0.2 mg L(-1) on control and sludge-treated plots to 3.8 and 6.5 mg L(-1) following application of LCS and TSP, respectively, to a cereal crop in spring. When incorporated into the soil in autumn, runoff dissolved P concentrations were typically < 0.5 mg L(-1) across all plots, and particulate P remained the dominant P form. When surface-applied in autumn to a consolidated seedbed, direct loss of LCS and LDS increased both runoff volume and P transfers, but release of dissolved P occurred only from LCS. The largest P concentrations (>70 mg L(-1)) were recorded following TSP application without any increase in runoff volume, while application of bulky DSC significantly reduced total P transfers by 70% compared with the control due to a reduced runoff volume. Treatment effects in each monitoring period were most pronounced in the first runoff event. Differences in the release of P from the different P sources were related to the amounts of P extracted by either water or sodium bicarbonate in the order TSP > LCS > LDS > DSC. The results suggest there is a lower risk of P transfer in land runoff following application of sludge compared with other agricultural P amendments at similar P rates.
Emerging Pollutants ‐ Part II: Treatment

Emerging contaminants are considered as some substances of actual or potential threat to human health or environment, which include endocrine disruptors, pharmaceutical, personal care products, nanoparticles, antibiotic resistance genes and chemicals used in packaging products, etc. The disposal and treatment of emerging contaminants has become a key problem in the field of water pollution control. The purpose of this review is to summarize published researches on emerging pollutants treatment in 2014.
Factors shaping the development of working time regulation in the United States and Europe

In nineteenth century Britain, the first working time regulations were prompted by humanitarian concerns about women and children employed in factories. In the United States, working time laws were initially introduced in response to union activism and labour unrest. During the twentieth century, policy-makers enacted statutes that shortened hours of work in an attempt to spread available work and thereby curb unemployment. The past 20 years, with the adoption of the European Working Time Directive, have reflected a movement towards social and political integration, continuing political pressure to curb unemployment, and growing acceptance of ergonomics and work organization as components of international safety regulation.