Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Tumor Evasion from T Cell Surveillance

An intact immune system is essential to prevent the development and progression of neoplastic cells in a process termed immune surveillance. During this process the innate and the adaptive immune systems closely cooperate and especially T cells play an important role to detect and eliminate tumor cells. Due to the mechanism of central tolerance the frequency of T cells displaying appropriate arranged tumor-peptide-specific-T-cell receptors is very low and their activation by professional antigen-presenting cells, such as dendritic cells, is frequently hampered by insufficient costimulation resulting in peripheral tolerance. In addition, inhibitory immune circuits can impair an efficient antitumoral response of reactive T cells. It also has been demonstrated that large tumor burden can promote a state of immunosuppression that in turn can facilitate neoplastic progression. Moreover, tumor cells, which mostly are genetically instable, can gain rescue mechanisms which further impair immune surveillance by T cells. Herein, we summarize the data on how tumor cells evade T-cell immune surveillance with the focus on solid tumors and describe approaches to improve anticancer capacity of T cells.
Intelligent Multi-agent User Interface Design

Intelligent Agent is being applied to User Interface Domain increasingly. This paper describes the features of user interface model based on the Agent, analyzes the principle and function of the model, view and controller in the model-view-controller( MVC) framework. The object-oriented model using MVC can improve design efficiency. In a broad sense, a practical system is given as an example to implement MVC model in our practical software design.
Iaald Afita Wcca2008 World Conference on Agricultural Information and It

Engineering an ontology on organic agriculture and agroecology: the case of the Organic.Edunet project Abstract Education is essential to raise public awareness on organic agriculture and agroecology (OA & AE). The EU funded project Organic.Edunet will provide an online, freely-available portal where learning contents on OA & AE can be published and accessed through specialized technologies. Thus, the future Organic.Edunet portal will offer advanced services (such as ontology-based searching and social recommendation) and will facilitate search, retrieval and use of the collected content. This paper describes the method used for the effort of experts in different fields to agree and build together a conceptual model (in the form of an ontology) which would finally be the basis for the technical novelties and advanced functionalities provided by the portal.
A synchrotron self-Compton model with low-energy electron cut-off for the blazar S5 0716+714

Context. In a self-absorbed synchrotron source with power-law electrons, rapid inverse Compton cooling sets in when the brightness temperature of the source reaches TB ∼ 10 12 K. However, brightness temperatures inferred from observations of intra-day variable sources (IDV) are well above the “Compton catastrophe” limit. This can be understood if the underlying electron distribution cuts off at low energy. Aims. We examine the compatibility of the synchrotron and inverse Compton emission of an electron distribution with low-energy cut-off with that of IDV sources, using the observed spectral energy distribution of S5 0716+714 as an example. Methods. We compute the synchrotron self-Compton (SSC) spectrum of monoenergetic electrons and compare it to the observed spectral energy distribution (SED) of S5 0716+714. The hard radio spectrum is well-fitted by this model, and the optical data can be accommodated by a power-law extension to the electron spectrum. We therefore examine the scenario of an injection of electrons, which is a double power law in energy, with a hard low-energy component that does not contribute to the synchrotron opacity. Results. We show that the double power-law injection model is in good agreement with the observed SED of S5 0716+714. For intrinsic variability, we find that a Doppler factor of D≥ 30 can explain the observed SED provided that low-frequency (<32 GHz) emission originates from a larger region than the higher-frequency emission. To fit the entire spectrum, D≥ 65 is needed. We find the constraint imposed by induced Compton scattering at high TB is insignificant in our model. Conclusions. We confirm that electron distribution with a low-energy cut-off can explain the high brightness temperature in compact radio sources. We show that synchrotron spectrum from such distributions naturally accounts for the observed hard radio continuum with a softer optical component, without the need for an inhomogeneous source. The required low energy electron distribution is compatible with a relativistic Maxwellian.
Stock of Shared Knowledge - A Tool for Solving Pronominal Anaphora

The paper develops further the idea of using the notion of the stock of shared knowledge (SSK) for anaphora resolution following a more subtle treatment of the influence of the topic/focus articulation of the sentence on the degrees of salience of items of the SSK. An algorithmic evaluation procedure of the SSK is formulated taking into account the notions of contextual boundness, syntactic associations, complexity of the sentences and existence/nonexistence of possible competitors, and a general evaluating function is proposed, essential for the process of anaphora resolution. In the present paper the analysis is performed for Czech; however, the considerations are claimed to be of a universal validity, the actual relations between different factors and the values, of course, being language-dependent.
A METHODOLOGY TO IDENTIFY OPTIMAL PLACEMENT OF POINT

1 2 The purpose of this research was to develop a decision support methodology to identify the 3 optimal locations of a finite set of point detectors on a freeway corridor in order to minimize the 4 error in travel time estimation. The developed methodology, consisting of floating vehicle-based 5 Global Positioning System data collection, and use of a heuristic search technique (Genetic 6 Algorithm) based search tool, was shown to be effective in determining preferred detector 7 locations for the chosen objective. Case studies of freeway sections in two Virginia regions were 8 conducted to demonstrate the utility of the developed methodology. The authors found that the 9 placement of detectors for the development of accurate travel time estimates will vary by 10 location based on specific conditions. Arbitrary, evenly spaced detectors do not necessarily 11 result in accurate travel time estimates. With carefully placed detectors that are well maintained, 12 travel time estimates can be derived with an acceptable level of accuracy from point detection, 13 under incident-free travel conditions.
A Distributed Technique for Localization of Agent Formations From Relative Range Measurements

Autonomous agents deployed or moving on land for the purpose of carrying out coordinated tasks need to have good knowledge of their absolute or relative position. For large formations, it is often impractical to equip each agent with an absolute sensor such as GPS, whereas relative range sensors measuring interagent distances are cheap and commonly available. In this setting, this paper considers the problem of autonomous distributed estimation of the position of each agent in a networked formation using noisy measurements of interagent distances. The underlying geometrical problem has been studied quite extensively in various fields, ranging from molecular biology to robotics, and it is known to lead to a hard nonconvex optimization problem. Centralized algorithms do exist that work reasonably well in finding local or global minimizers for this problem (e.g., semidefinite programming relaxations). Here, we explore a fully decentralized approach for localization from range measurements, and we propose a computational scheme based on a distributed gradient algorithm with Barzilai-Borwein stepsizes. The advantage of this distributed approach is that each agent may autonomously compute its position estimate, exchanging information only with its neighbors, without need of communicating with a central station and without needing complete knowledge of the network structure.
Towards quantitative control on discreteness error in the non-linear regime of cosmological N-body simulations

The effects of discreteness arising from the use of the N-body method on the accuracy of simulations of cosmological structure formation are not currently well understood. In the first part of this paper, we discuss the essential question of how the relevant parameters introduced by this discretization should be extrapolated in convergence studies if the goal is to recover the Vlasov–Poisson limit. In the second part of the paper, we study numerically, and with analytical methods developed recently by us, the central issue of how finite particle density affects the precision of results above the force-smoothing scale. In particular, we focus on the precision of results for the power spectrum at wavenumbers around and above the Nyquist wavenumber, in simulations in which the force resolution is taken to be smaller than the initial interparticle spacing. Using simulations of identical theoretical initial conditions sampled on four different ‘pre-initial’ configurations (three different Bravais lattices and a glass), we obtain a lower bound on the real discreteness error. With the guidance of our analytical results, which match extremely well this measured dispersion into the weakly non-linear regime, and of further controlled tests for dependences on the relevant discreteness parameters, we establish with confidence that the measured dispersion is not contaminated either by finite box size effects or by subtle numerical effects. Our results notably show that, at wavenumbers below the Nyquist wavenumber, the dispersion increases monotonically in time throughout the simulation, while the same is true above the Nyquist wavenumber once non-linearity sets in. For normalizations typical of cosmological simulations, we find lower bounds on errors at the Nyquist wavenumber of the order of 1 per cent, and larger above this scale. Our main conclusion is that the only way this error may be reduced below these levels at these physical scales, and indeed convergence to the physical limit firmly established, is by extrapolation, at fixed values of the other relevant parameters, to the regime in which the mean comoving interparticle distance becomes less than the force-smoothing scale.
Meaning of Physical Activities for the Elderly: A Review

Aging is a process of inherent change that has separate or joint effects on the individual identity. Aging brings about physiological, psychological and other kinds of changes to the human body. The frail elderly people present a clinical syndrome which comprises of unintentional body weight loss, muscle weakness, slow walking, self-reported exhaustion and low level of physical activity among the elderly people who are over the age of 65. When these changes occur the health benefits of fitness are retained and regress slowly. It is of importance to note that although some of the changes brought by aging can’t be controlled some can be controlled feasible in many of the body organs through exercise. The increasing use of preventive care, better medical management of mobility and changing lifestyles in older persons, exercise has beneficial effects on health and longevity. Psychological care plays useful part in coping with these situations. It also boosts self-esteem, self-confidence and self-worthy and therefore the purpose of this paper is to explore the importance of exercise to the aging persons and how the same helps reduce the effects of aging. This will be done by elaborating how exercise affects different body systems with age. In conclusion, the findings of this paper provide empirical evidence for the importance of supportive environments for the elderly people to continue performing meaningful occupations outdoors
Piecing Together the Maternal Death Puzzle through Narratives: The Three Delays Model Revisited

Background In Malawi maternal mortality continues to be a major public health challenge. Going beyond the numbers to form a more complete view of why women die is critical to improving access to and quality of emergency obstetric care. The objective of the current study was to identify the socio-cultural and facility-based factors that contributed to maternal deaths in the district of Lilongwe, Malawi. Methods Retrospectively, 32 maternal death cases that occurred between January 1, 2011 and June 30, 2011 were reviewed independently by two gynecologists/obstetricians. Interviews were conducted with healthcare staff, family members, neighbors, and traditional birth attendants. Guided by the grounded theory approach, interview transcripts were analyzed manually and continuously. Emerging, recurring themes were identified and excerpts from the transcripts were categorized according to the Three Delays Model (3Ds). Results Sixteen deaths were due to direct obstetric complications, sepsis and hemorrhage being most common. Sixteen deaths were due to indirect causes with the main cause being anemia, followed by HIV and heart disease. Lack of recognizing signs, symptoms, and severity of the situation; using traditional Birth Attendant services; low female literacy level; delayed access to transport; hardship of long distance and physical terrain; delayed prompt quality emergency obstetric care; and delayed care while at the hospital due to patient refusal or concealment were observed. According to the 3Ds, the most common delay observed was in receiving treatment upon reaching the facility due to referral delays, missed diagnoses, lack of blood, lack of drugs, or inadequate care, and severe mismanagement.
Knowledge-based Dynamic Packaging Model

The rapid growth of the Internet and the continual adoption of innovative technology have led to serious changes in the travel industry during the last decade. Due to the constantly changing business environment, one of the latest concepts of the tourist industry is "dynamic packaging". While dynamic packaging has been widely accepted by customers, the strategic impacts enabled by dynamic packaging technologies are still uncertain. This paper provides a study of an extension of the traditional packaging architecture and aims to present a new and extended model, called the knowledge-based dynamic packaging model
Wireless MPEG-4 video on Texas Instruments DSP chips

Technology has advanced in recent years to the point where multimedia communicators are beginning to emerge. These communicators are low-power, portable devices that can transmit and receive multimedia data through the wireless network. Due to the high computational complexity involved and the low-power constraint in wireless applications, these devices require the use of processors that are powerful and are at the same time very power-efficient. In order to facilitate interoperability, it is important that these devices use standardized compression and communication algorithms. As a first step in implementing multimedia terminals, Texas Instruments (TI) has demonstrated real-time MPEG-4 video decoding (simple profile) on TMS320C54x, TI's low power, high performance DSP chip. In addition, TI has outlined a system-level solution to transmitting video across wireless networks, including channel coding and communication protocols.
Qualitative analysis of deep learning frameworks

– Deep learning methods are becoming more popular for complex pattern recognition applications. As result, many frameworks have appeared aiming to facilitate the development of such applications. However, choosing a suitable framework may not be an easy task for new users. In this paper, a qualitative evaluation of four of the most popular Deep Learning frameworks is provided, including: Caffe, Torch, Lasagne and TensorFlow. A printed character recognition task was used as case study, and a Convolutional Neural Network was implemented for this purpose. The analysis focus on issues that are important for the development process and encompasses nine qualitative dimensions, showing the strengths and weaknesses of each framework. It is expected that this analysis can be useful for guiding new users in the area.
Epistemic Possibility 1. Desiderata for an Analysis of Epistemic Possibility

Though one of the least discussed species of possibility among philosophers, epistemic possibility is perhaps the kind of possibility most often invoked in ordinary life—as when, having lost my wallet, I ask myself, " Where could it be? " I am not wondering, say, where it is logically or nomologically possible that my wallet should be (in which case " on the moon " and " in Czechoslovakia " would be among the correct answers to the question). Rather, it seems that the " could " in my question is epistemic; it has something to do with the wallet-locations that are consistent with what I now know—though as we shall see, there are problems with a simple account of epistemic possibility along those lines. In fact, the notion is more puzzling and resistant to analysis than appears at first glance. In the following, I criticize several accounts of epistemic possibility and offer my own account designed to solve the problems on which earlier accounts founder. First, some semantic assumptions: I assume that sentences of the form " It might be that P " (not to be confused with " It might have been that P ") or " It may be that P " —as in " The wallet might/may be in the car " —typically ascribe epistemic possibility. I assume that " It is impossible that P " is the negation of " It is possible that P. " And I take the " definitely " operator as the dual of the " may " operator—for example, " The wallet is definitely not in the movie theater " is equivalent to " It is not the case that the wallet may be in the movie theater. " In other words, " Definitely, P " ascribes epistemic necessity to P. These semantic assumptions function merely to help us interpret examples in which I would say epistemic possibility, impossibility, or necessity is being ascribed using ordinary language. Second, consider some more substantive proposed axioms about epistemic possibility: i) If S knows that P, then it is not epistemically possible for S that ~P.
Development of Suture Simulator That Can Express 3D Deformation of Wounds and Those Vicinities

In this research, a buried suture simulator is developed from attention that there is a most complicated diversity in plastic surgery. Buried suture is one of suture techniques with difficult usage. In comparison with normal suture, buried suture needs more care because it is difficult to handle it. Moreover accuracy of surgical techniques or effect of skill on postoperative deformation are unknown. Furthermore buried suture have two advantages; less mark of wound on cosmetic advantage, and no necessity to thread removal on clinical advantage. Buried suture simulator developed from the two major needs is available in each need. One is manipulation simulator for experience, study and training through manipulation from high difficulty skill. The other is deformation simulator for confirmed postoperative deformation that has an effect on difference of suture pattern from clinical point that is largely-concerned with QOL (quality of life) of a patient. In suture simulator, usually operating time or efficiency and the number of mistakes as typified by failure in gripping an object are the points of the quantitative evaluation. In this research, keeping the evaluation of the postoperative deformation in mind, a suture simulator that can express 3D deformation of wounds and those vicinities is developed. The elemental technologies of the developed simulator are described. Moreover the effect of passing point in suture exerted on the post-operative ligation deformation is considered
Parallel-Genetic-Algorithm-Based HW/SW Partitioning

Hardware/software (HW/SW) partitioning plays one of the most important roles in co-design of embedded systems that is due to made at the beginning of the cycle of the design. The ultimate designed system's performance strongly depends on partitioning. Therefore, achieving the optimum solutions can reduce the systems cost and delay. On the other hand, genetic algorithms (GAs) are powerful function optimizers that are used successfully to solve problems in many different disciplines. Parallel GAs (PGAs) are particularly easy to implement and promise substantial gains in performance and results. In this paper, we present a PGA-based approach to achieve near optimal solutions for HW/SW partitioning problem. To evaluate the proposed system, we have used Task Graphs For Free (TGFF) tool which is used widely in the literature. The experimental results show that the proposed approach finds the near optimal cost solutions in acceptable time. The achieved results also show that the proposed system main capability is in mapping large scale task graphs to HW or SW
Geometric Problems in Molecular Biology and Robotics

Some of the geometric problems of interest to molecular biologists have macroscopic analogues in the field of robotics. Two examples of such analogies are those between protein docking and model-based perception, and between ring closure and inverse kinematics. Molecular dynamics simulation, too, has much in common with the study of robot dynamics. In this paper we give a brief survey of recent work on these and related problems.
OLOUR S PACE C OMPARISON FOR S KIN D ETECTION IN F INGER G ESTURE R ECOGNITION

The aim of this research is to compare the RGB, RG normalized, HSV and YCrCb colour spaces, which are used for skin detection in finger gesture recognition. Two comparison methods have been used: a) the first method calculates the deviation of the pixels identified as finger gesture and it is based on statistics by calculating how much the distribution of the coordinates of the fingertips match well with the normal distribution on a video (fingertip detection) and b) the second method uses the Precision and Recall metrics the provides the recognition accuracy of the system (finger gesture recognition). These methods have been tested with the PianOrasis system that provides 2D real-time recognition of fingerings and finger gestures, using different spaces based on a low-cost optical camera. The results of the research highlight that the most appropriate colour space for finger gesture recognition and especially for the recognition of finger strokes is the RG normalized. It has the minimum pixel deviation on the recognition and the best for fingertip detection. The precision rate is up to 93,45% and the recall rate up to 89,86%.
Robust Classification Systems for Imprecise Environments

In real-world environments it is usually difficult to specify target operating conditions precisely. This uncertainty makes building robust classification systems problematic. We show that it is possible to build a hybrid classifier that will perform at least as well as the best available classifier for any target conditions. This robust performance extends across a wide variety of comparison frameworks, including the optimization of metrics such as accuracy, expected cost, lift, precision, recall, and workforce utilization. In some cases, the performance of the hybrid can actually surpass that of the best known classifier. The hybrid is also efficient to build, to store, and to update. Finally, we provide empirical evidence that a robust hybrid classifier is needed for many real-world problems.