Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
High Percentage of ADAM-10 Positive Melanoma Cells Correlates with Paucity of Tumor-Infiltrating Lymphocytes but Does Not Predict Prognosis in Cutaneous Melanoma Patients

ADAM-10 (CDw156, CD156c, and kuzbanian) is a protein belonging to a superfamily of metalloproteases, enzymes capable of degrading the extracellular matrix. ADAMs have also been shown to be primarily involved in ectodomain cleavage. The aim of the study was to assess the expression and intracellular location of ADAM-10 in 104 primary skin melanomas and 16 metastatic lesions from regional lymph nodes. Also, prognostic significance of ADAM-10 expression in primary tumor cells and metastatic lesion cells was evaluated during 5-year observation. It was revealed that high expression of ADAM-10 positive cells was strictly related with lower intensity of tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (P = 0.037), which suggests that ADAM-10 regulates immunoresponse in melanoma initiation and progression. No statistically significant correlations were found between ADAM-10 expression in primary tumor cells and nodal metastases and other histopathological parameters analyzed. Decreased immunoreactivity of ADAM-10 in cancer cells from regional lymph nodes was correlated with worse prognosis; however this correlation was statistically nonsignificant (P = 0.065). Review of the literature shows that our study is the first one ever to describe the significance of ADAM-10 expression in correlation with detailed histopathological parameters of the primary tumor and data on long-term survival of cutaneous melanoma patients.
Guidelines for the laboratory investigation of heritable disorders of platelet function

The guideline writing group was selected to be representative of UK‐based medical experts. MEDLINE was systematically searched for publications in English up to the Summer of 2010 using key words platelet, platelet function testing and platelet aggregometry. Relevant references generated from initial papers and published guidelines/reviews were also examined. Meeting abstracts were not included. The writing group produced the draft guideline, which was subsequently revised and agreed by consensus. Further comment was made by members of the Haemostasis and Thrombosis Task Force of the British Committee for Standards in Haematology. The guideline was then reviewed by a sounding board of approximately 40 UK haematologists, the British Committee for Standards in Haematology (BCSH) and the British Society for Haematology Committee and comments incorporated where appropriate. Criteria used to quote levels and grades of evidence are as outlined in appendix 7 of the Procedure for Guidelines Commissioned by the BCSH [http://www.bcshguidelines. com/BCSH_PROCESS/EVIDENCE_LEVELS_AND_GRADES_OF_RECOMMENDATION/43_GRADE. html]. The objective of this guideline is to provide healthcare professionals with clear guidance on platelet function testing in patients with suspected bleeding disorders. The guidance may not be appropriate to patients receiving antiplatelet therapy and in all cases individual patient circumstances may dictate an alternative approach.
Basal forebrain stimulation changes cortical sensitivities to complex sound

Experience affects how brains respond to sound. Here, we examined how the sensitivity and selectivity of auditory cortical neuronal responses were affected in adult rats by the repeated presentation of a complex sound that was paired with basal forebrain stimulation. The auditory cortical region that was responsive to complex sound was 2–5 five times greater in area in paired-stimulation rats than in naive rats. Magnitudes of neuronal responses evoked by complex sounds were also greatly increased by associative pairing, as were the percentages of neurons that responded selectively to the specific spectrotemporal features that were paired with stimulation. These findings demonstrate that feature selectivity within the auditory cortex can be flexibly altered in adult mammals through appropriate intensive training.
Event-driven contrastive divergence: neural sampling foundations

In a recent Frontiers in Neuroscience paper (Neftci et al., 2014) we contributed an on-line learning rule, driven by spike-events in an Integrate and Fire (IF) neural network, that emulates the learning performance of Contrastive Divergence (CD) in an equivalent Restricted Boltzmann Machine (RBM) amenable to real-time implementation in spike-based neuromorphic systems. The event-driven CD framework assumes the foundations of neural sampling (Buesing et al., 2011; Maass, 2014) in mapping spike rates of a deterministic IF network onto probabilities of a corresponding stochastic neural network. In Neftci et al. (2014), we used a particular form of neural sampling previously analyzed in Petrovici et al. (2013)1, although this connection was not made sufficiently clear in the published article. The purpose of this letter is to clarify this connection, and to raise the reader's awareness to the existence of various forms of neural sampling. We highlight the differences as well as strong connections across these various forms, and suggest applications of event-driven CD in a more general setting enabled by the broader interpretations of neural sampling.
Experimental Investigations and Damage Calculations of a Load Time History in the Very High Cycle Fatigue

The main focus of this investigation is to clarify the influence of variable amplitude loadings on subsurface crack initiation and crack growth. Therefore, differently reconstructed load sequences on the basis of a standardized load time history called FELIX are investigated with an R-ratio of -1. The major amount of cycles is situated beneath the fatigue strength. A new damage calculation approach considering inclusion sizes is presented. Thus, the stress amplitude in the S-N curve was normalized with a calculated fatigue limit σw(area), which is defined by Murakami. Afterward, the fatigue life depending on the inclusion size is calculated using a Palmgren/Miner rule. The largest inclusion in the measurement volume was determined using extreme value statistics. Fatigue lives for each investigated load sequence were calculated taking the scatter of inclusion sizes into account.
Analysis of the end winding heat transfer variation with altitude in electric motors

This paper considers the determination of heat transfer coefficients on the end windings of an electric machine. The correct determination of these coefficients is of importance since they are regularly used in the thermal analysis electric machines. The heat transfer equations for the end windings given in the literature are generally not expressed as correlations of non-dimensional parameters and so do not allow for changes in operating conditions such as the variation in pressure with altitude that is found in electric machines operating in aircraft. A simple correction is proposed to allow for changes in end winding heat transfer with altitude. This may be implemented in software packages such as MotorCAD — for calculating the thermal performance of electric machines.
Joint analysis of surface-wave and refraction events from river-bottom sediments

Summary An underwater seismic survey was performed in the Fraser River Delta area near Vancouver, B.C., Canada, using hydrophones. Data were analyzed using multichannel analysis of surface waves (MASW), and refraction tomography inversion provided an accurate P-wave velocity (Vp) profile for riverbottom sediments in the upper 30 m. To optimize the compressional wave velocity function in the 30 to 70 m depth interval, Vp information from a nearby well was used as a priori information. Using shear wave velocity profiles from surface-wave inversion as a priori information allows a fast and reliable inversion of the first arrival events interpreted on an underwater shot gather. The inverted Vp profile, strongly suggesting the presence of gas within water-bottom sediments, corroborates a nearby land well. This example demonstrates the usefulness of joint inversion and its potential for detecting near-surface anomalies.
Flortaucipir tau PET imaging in semantic variant primary progressive aphasia

Objective The semantic variant of primary progressive aphasia (svPPA) is typically associated with frontotemporal lobar degeneration (FTLD) with longTAR DNA-binding protein (TDP)-43-positive neuropil threads and dystrophic neurites (type C), and is only rarely due to a primary tauopathy or Alzheimer’s disease. We undertook this study to investigate the localisation and magnitude of the presumed tau Positron Emission Tomography (PET) tracer [18F]Flortaucipir (FTP; also known as T807 or AV1451) in patients with svPPA, hypothesising that most patients would not show tracer uptake different from controls. Methods FTP and [11C]Pittsburgh compound B PET imaging as well as MRI were performed in seven patients with svPPA and in 20 controls. FTP signal was analysed by visual inspection and by quantitative comparison to controls, with and without partial volume correction. Results All seven patients showed elevated FTP uptake in the anterior temporal lobe with a leftward asymmetry that was not observed in healthy controls. This elevated FTP signal, largely co-localised with atrophy, was evident on both visual inspection and quantitative cortical surface-based analysis. Five patients were amyloid negative, one was amyloid positive and one has an unknown amyloid status. Conclusions In this series of patients with clinical profiles, structural MRI and amyloid PET imaging typical for svPPA, FTP signal was unexpectedly elevated with a spatial pattern localised to areas of atrophy. This raises questions about the possible off-target binding of this tracer to non-tau molecules associated with neurodegeneration. Further investigation with autopsy analysis will help illuminate the binding target(s) of FTP in cases of suspected FTLD-TDP neuropathology.
Diffusion Tensor Tractography of the Meyer Loop in Cases of Temporal Lobe Resection for Temporal Lobe Epilepsy: Correlation between Postsurgical Visual Field Defect and Anterior Limit of Meyer Loop on Tractography

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Visual field defects sometimes occur after temporal resection surgery. Our purpose was to evaluate the correlation between visual field defects caused by temporal lobe resection and the degree of resection of the Meyer loop, as assessed by diffusion tensor tractography. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We examined 14 patients who underwent temporal resection for temporal lobe epilepsy. We obtained presurgical tractographies and then measured the distance between the temporal tip and the anterior limit of the Meyer loop (T-M distance). The degree of resection of the Meyer loop was defined as the distance from the anterior limit of the Meyer loop to the posterior limit of the temporal lobe resection (M-R distance). This was calculated by subtracting the T-M distance from the measured distance between the temporal tip and the posterior limit of the resection (T-R distance). RESULTS: The mean T-M distance was 36.6 mm. The interindividual variation of the distance ranged from 30.0 to 43.2 mm. Although there was no statistically significant correlation between the extent of the visual field defect and the T-R distance, there was a statistically significant correlation between the degree of the visual field defect and the M-R distance. CONCLUSION: The range of interindividual variation for the position of the Meyer loop was rather large, indicating that this variation is the key factor in visual field defects after temporal lobectomy, and the visual field defect appears to be predicted by presurgical tractography. Evaluation of the Meyer loop through the use of tractography seems to be a feasible method, which can be used to predict the visual field defect after temporal lobe resection.
Near Infrared Spectroscopy Detection and Quantification of Herbal Medicines Adulterated with Sibutramine

There is an increasing demand for herbal medicines in weight loss treatment. Some synthetic chemicals, such as sibutramine (SB), have been detected as adulterants in herbal formulations. In this study, two strategies using near infrared (NIR) spectroscopy have been developed to evaluate potential adulteration of herbal medicines with SB: a qualitative screening approach and a quantitative methodology based on multivariate calibration. Samples were composed by products commercialized as herbal medicines, as well as by laboratory adulterated samples. Spectra were obtained in the range of 14,000–4000 per cm. Using PLS‐DA, a correct classification of 100% was achieved for the external validation set. In the quantitative approach, the root mean squares error of prediction (RMSEP), for both PLS and MLR models, was 0.2%w/w. The results prove the potential of NIR spectroscopy and multivariate calibration in quantifying sibutramine in adulterated herbal medicines samples.
The LIM protein Ajuba influences p130Cas localization and Rac1 activity during cell migration

Cell migration requires extension of lamellipodia that are stabilized by formation of adhesive complexes at the leading edge. Both processes are regulated by signaling proteins recruited to nascent adhesive sites that lead to activation of Rho GTPases. The Ajuba/Zyxin family of LIM proteins are components of cellular adhesive complexes. We show that cells from Ajuba null mice are inhibited in their migration, without associated abnormality in adhesion to extracellular matrix proteins, cell spreading, or integrin activation. Lamellipodia production, or function, is defective and there is a selective reduction in the level and tyrosine phosphorylation of FAK, p130Cas, Crk, and Dock180 at nascent focal complexes. In response to migratory cues Rac activation is blunted in Ajuba null cells, as detected biochemically and by FRET analysis. Ajuba associates with the focal adhesion-targeting domain of p130Cas, and rescue experiments suggest that Ajuba acts upstream of p130Cas to localize p130Cas to nascent adhesive sites in migrating cells thereby leading to the activation of Rac.
Statics and Kinematics of Granular Materials: Euler's equation and rates of strain

1. Introduction 2. The analysis of stress and strain rate 3. The ideal Coulomb material 4. Coulomb's method of wedges 5. The method of differential slices 6. Determination of physical properties 7. Exact stress analysis 8. Velocity distributions 9. The conical yield function 10. The prediction of mass flow rate Problems Appendices Index.
Quorum Sensing and Quorum Quenching: The Yin and Yang of Bacterial Communication

Vibrio fischeri is a remarkable Gram-negative marine bacterium. First, it emits light when it colonizes the fish or squid organs dedicated to this purpose. Second, it turns this light on when entering these organs and switches it off when leaving them. In V. fischeri, the production of light, also termed bioluminescence, results from the activity of enzymes that are encoded by the lux operon. [1] Bioluminescence results from the hydrolysis of decanal, or other fatty aldehydes, by luciferase/flavin reductase enzymes. This process is costly in terms of energy because lux genes also encode fatty aldehyde synthesis. [2] Nonetheless, this bioluminescence has been selected and maintained during the course of evolution. One possible reason for this is that the fish–V. fischeri association resembles symbiosis. [3] The animal provides the bacteria with an exclusive, carbon-rich ecological niche. The bacterium emits photons, a function that both attracts prey and deters predators in the light-deprived environment of the deep ocean. [4] Bioluminescence can be produced in vitro in the appropriate culture medium. Remarkably, light emission by V. fischeri depends upon the bacterial cell density, and only occurs at high cell densities. [5] This phenomenon, termed “quorum sensing” (QS), [6] explains why V. fischeri only produces light in the fish organ where it lives at very high densities. It does not produce light in the open sea where the bacteria are extremely diluted
Diagnostic Methods for Optic Nerve Head and Retinal Nerve Fiber Evaluation in Glaucoma

which is a leading cause of blindness in the world is not a single disease but a group of disorders with diverse clinical manifestations. If not controlled at an early stage, it causes irreversible damage to vision. Proper medication slows down or even halts its growth. Identifying glaucoma at a very early stage is vital and at the same time difficult. Careful evaluation of Optic nerve head structure and its documentation is extremely important for diagnosis of the disease and to monitor its progression. This paper presents a review of diagnostic techniques available for evaluation of optic nerve head.
Current Status on the Recycling of Domestic Major Non-ferrous Metal Scraps

Since there are many kinds of non-ferrous metal, it is difficult to investigate the current status on the recycling of all the non-ferrous metals. Therefore, the survey is confined to some commercially important non-ferrous metals such as copper, aluminum, zinc, lead, nickel and magnesium in this article. Domestic demand and production of these non-ferrous metals in recent years (2010-2014) and recycling ratio of the scraps are estimated briefly here.
The efficacy of dexmedetomidine-remifentanil versus dexmedetomidine-propofol in children undergoing flexible bronchoscopy

Abstract Flexible bronchoscopy has been more and more used for diagnosis and management diseases of respiratory system in pediatrics. Previous studies have reported that remifentanil (RF) and propofol are safe and effective for flexible bronchoscopy in adults, however, there have no trials evaluate the efficacy of DEX-RF versus dexmedetomidine-propofol in children undergoing flexible bronchoscopy. We divided 123 children undergoing flexible bronchoscopy with DEX-RF or dexmedetomidine-propofol into 2 groups: Group DR (n = 63, DEX infusion at 1.0 &mgr;g kg−1 for 10 minutes, then adjusted to 0.5–0.7 &mgr;g kg−1 h−1; RF infusion at 1.0 &mgr;g kg−1 for 5 minutes, then adjusted to 0.05–0.2 &mgr;g kg−1 min−1), Group DP (n = 60, DEX infusion at 1.0 &mgr;g kg−1 for 10 minutes, then adjusted to 0.5–0.7 &mgr;g kg−1 h−1; propofol infusion at 10 &mgr;g kg−1 for 5 minutes, then adjusted to 0.05–0.1 &mgr;g kg−1 min−1). Ramsay sedation scale of the 2 groups was maintained at 3. Anesthesia onset time; total number of intraoperative patient movements; hemodynamics; total cumulative dose of DEX; amount of and time to first-dose rescue midazolam and lidocaine; postoperative recovery time; adverse events; and bronchoscopist satisfaction score were recorded. Anesthesia onset time was significantly shorter in DP (8.22 ± 2.48 vs 12.25 ± 6.43 minutes, respectively, for DP, DR, P = 0.015). The perioperative hemodynamic profile was more stable in DR than DP group. More children moved during flexible bronchoscopy in DP group (P = 0.009). Total dose of rescue midazolam and lidocaine was significantly higher in DR than in DP (P < 0.001). Similarly, the time to first dose of rescue midazolam and lidocaine was significantly longer in DP than in DR (P < 0.001). Total cumulative dose of DEX was more in DR than DP group (P < 0.001). The time to recovery for discharge from the postanesthesia care unit (PACU) was significantly shorter in DP than in DR group (P < 0.001). The bronchoscopist-satisfaction scores were higher for DR than DP (P = 0.036). There were significant differences between the 2 groups in terms of the overall incidence of hypertension, tachycardia, and hypoxemia (P < 0.05). Although underwent longer recovery time and more incidence of rescue scheme, DEX-RF resulted in more stable hemodynamic profiles and bronchoscopist-satisfaction scores, lesser patient movements, and can hence be more effectively used in children undergoing flexible bronchoscopy than dexmedetomidine-propofol.
Software Reliability Engineering: A Roadmap

Software reliability engineering is focused on engineering techniques for developing and maintaining software systems whose reliability can be quantitatively evaluated. In order to estimate as well as to predict the reliability of software systems, failure data need to be properly measured by various means during software development and operational phases. Moreover, credible software reliability models are required to track underlying software failure processes for accurate reliability analysis and forecasting. Although software reliability has remained an active research subject over the past 35 years, challenges and open questions still exist. In particular, vital future goals include the development of new software reliability engineering paradigms that take software architectures, testing techniques, and software failure manifestation mechanisms into consideration. In this paper, we review the history of software reliability engineering, the current trends and existing problems, and specific difficulties. Possible future directions and promising research subjects in software reliability engineering are also addressed.
Etiology of Tearing: A Retrospective Analysis of Referrals to a Tertiary Care Oculoplastics Practice

Purpose: To determine the etiology of tearing among referrals to a tertiary care ophthalmology practice specializing in oculoplastics. Methods: A retrospective chart review was conducted of 150 consecutive referrals to our practice for tearing. The main diagnosis was noted in all cases as well as treatment offered and response to therapy. An anatomical approach was used to classify the tearing etiology. The categories included the following: dry eye with reflex tearing, tear hypersecretion, ocular surface disease (e.g., pterygium, pinguecula), lid abnormalities (e.g., entropion, ectropion), upper lacrimal system (e.g., punctal stenosis, canalicular block), and lower lacrimal system (e.g., dacryocystitis, dacryostenosis, nasolacrimal duct obstruction). Results: Review of the charts of 150 consecutive pts referred for tearing revealed that although the most common etiology was obstruction of the nasolacrimal system, dry eye with reflex tearing was almost as common. Specifically, 48.7% (n = 73) had a blockage of the lacrimal system (8% [n = 12] upper system, 40.7 [n = 61] lower system), 40% (n = 60) were felt to have dry eye with reflex tearing, 6.7% (n = 10 patients) had a lid abnormality, 1.3% (n = 2 patients) had lacrimal hypersecretion, 0.7% (n = 1 patient) had ocular surface disease, and 2.7% (n = 4 patients) had a normal lacrimal system on exam. Conclusions: Our retrospective review of a series of patients referred to our practice for tearing revealed a significant proportion of patients whose tearing etiology was other than a nasolacrimal duct obstruction. Of particular interest is the fact that 40% of patients had dry eye with reflex tearing, and the majority of these improved with lubrication. These patients were all identified by performing a Schirmer test to quantify the basal tear production. We believe that the Schirmer test is a useful diagnostic tool in assessing patients with tearing and ensuring that the appropriate management approach is undertaken.
MEASUREMENT OF CRYSTAL PARAMETERS ON BACKSCATTER KIKUCHI DIFFRACTION PATTERNS

Electron backscatter Kikuchi diffraction patterns (BKDPs) recorded in the scanning electron microscope (SEM) require measurements on the plane of the photographic film or on the recording screen. The parameters that require measurements are the equivalent electron source point on the pattern, or pattern centre, specimen-to-film distance, true interzonal angles, true interplanar angles, Bragg angles, and interplanar spacing. In this paper, the geometry and the methods of calculation of these parameters on BKDPs recorded directly on film are described in detail. The methods described are suitable for practical purposes, providing speed of calculation but limited accuracy. The inherent factors that limit the accuracy of any measurements on BKDPs are the limitations of the gnomonic projection, resulting in projected distortions in Kikuchi bands and diffuseness of Kikuchi band edges originating from inelastic scattering of electrons. The methods described are applied to crystallographic analysis of BKDPs recorded from silicon and polycrystalline copper.