Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
A Reliable Dynamic Source Routing Based Cluster Label in Mobile Ad Hoc Networks

In this paper, a new routing protocol named as Reliable Dynamic Source Routing based Cluster Label (CL-DSR) was proposed. This protocol divides the entire nodes in a network into lots of mutually independent clusters, and assigns unique cluster labels which form routing paths. Because of a high probability of the existence of multiple paths between clusters, most of link failures are fixed rapidly. This paper detailed designed the main mechanism including routing discovery, routing selection, data transmission and routing maintenance for CL-DSR. The simulation results demonstrate that CL-DSR has a good performance of high reliability, high transmission rate and low transmission delay, especially in highly dynamic networks.
Masking wrong-successor Control Flow Errors employing data redundancy

Advancements of CMOS technology lead to reduction of the transistor size and operating voltage levels that cause transistors to become more sensitive to cosmic rays. Therefore CMOS devices like memory (i.e., RAMs) are more likely to be hit by transient faults. Up to 77% of the transient faults cause Control Flow Errors (CFEs). One type of CFEs is wrong-successor CFE which is caused by faults in data variables resident in RAM. Previous control flow checking techniques neither detect nor correct this type of errors. A technique with the ability of masking wrong-successor CFEs is proposed in this paper. Since occurrence of these errors is induced by faults in data variables which affect the program execution flow (control variables), in the proposed technique, the control variables are being distinguished from other variables. This step is being followed by a traditional fault masking technique that is applied on the control variables. To evaluate the proposed technique, it was applied on five various benchmarks of the MiBench package. The experimental results demonstrated that the proposed technique is able to mask all 50,000 injected faults in control variables; while it had almost 21% performance overhead with 6% memory overhead. It is reasonable and feasible to apply this technique on the former control flow checking techniques due to its perfect wrong-successor CFE correction coverage and low overheads.
Smooth Muscle Cells in Transplant Atherosclerotic Lesions Are Originated From Recipients, but Not Bone Marrow Progenitor Cells

Background—Smooth muscle cell (SMC) accumulation in the intima of vessels is a key event in the pathogenesis of transplant atherosclerosis. The traditional hypothesis that SMCs in the lesion are derived from the media of the donor vessel has been challenged by recent observations, but the cell origin is still not well established. Methods and Results—Here, we use a simplified model of artery allografts in transgenic mice to clearly identify the source of SMCs in transplant atherosclerosis. Aortic segments donated by BALB/c mice allografted to ROSA26 (C57B/6) mice expressing &bgr;-galactosidase (gal) in all tissues showed that neointimal cells derived exclusively from host cells. It was also demonstrated that SMCs of neointimal and atherosclerotic lesions in vessels allografted to mice expressing &bgr;-gal only in SMCs (SM-LacZ) or to apoE-deficient/SM-LacZ mice originated from the recipient, and not donor vessels. Interestingly, bone marrow transplantation of SM-LacZ &bgr;-gal–expressing cells into aortic allograft recipients revealed completely negative &bgr;-gal staining of neointimal and atherosclerotic lesions. However, a population of &bgr;-gal–positive cells in lesions of allografts was observed in chimeric mice with ROSA26 &bgr;-gal–expressing marrow cells. When bone marrow cells from both ROSA26 and SM-LacZ mice were cultured and stimulated with platelet-derived growth factor-BB, &agr;-actin and &bgr;-gal double-positive cells were found, suggesting that bone marrow cells have an ability to differentiate into SMCs. Conclusions—Thus, we provide strong evidence that SMCs of neointimal and atherosclerotic lesions in allografts are derived from the recipients and that non–bone marrow–derived progenitor cells are a possible source of SMCs in atherosclerotic lesions.
Unternehmerisches Finanzmanagement – Meilensteine der Entwicklung

This article structures the core topics of what is known today as “Corporate Financial Management”. This key discipline of business has evolved from corporate financing, but today comprises a much richer spectrum of topics. Corporate valuation on the one hand and corporate financing on the other still represent the backbone of the field. However, a number of further topic areas has grown over the years such as risk management, corporate governance, and investor relations. The analysis at hand focuses on the milestones and key drivers of this discipline’s development since the early 20th century. Central milestones are identified as the inclusion of capital markets in research on investment and financing, the notion of replication for the purpose of valuation, and the consideration of different types of asymmetric information. All these findings and paradigms have contributed to a widening of further progress both in research and corporate practice. Examples include research on conglomerates and shareholder value as well as on announcement effects and contract theory. Future developments can be expected in the areas of corporate social responsibility, entrepreneurial finance, insurance risk and pension management as well as in financial disintermediation and crowd solutions. Further challenges may arise from the automation in valuation and financing services.
A static lexicon network representation for cross-word context dependent phones

To cope with the prohibitive growth of lexical tree based search-graphs when using cross-word context dependent (CD) phone models, an efficient novel search-topology was developed. The lexicon is stored as a compact static network with no language model (LM) information attached to it. The static representation avoids the cost of dynamic tree expansion, facilitates the integration of additional pronunciation information (e.g. assimilation rules) and is easier to integrate in existing search engines. Moreover, the network representation also results in a compact structure when words have alternative pronunciations, and due to its construction, it offers partial LM forwarding at no extra cost. Next, all knowledge sources (pronunciation information, language model and acoustic models) are combined by a slightly modified token-passing algorithm, resulting in a one pass time-synchronous recognition system.
Creating visual vocabulary based on SIFT descriptor in compressed domain

Recently bag-of-words (BoW) model having been widely used in textual information processing has been extended into many tasks in visual domain such as image classification, scene analysis, image annotation and image retrieval, namely bag-of-visual-words (BoVW) model. Therefore, it is essential to create an effective visual vocabulary. Most of existing approaches create visual vocabularies from image in pixel domain, which requires extra processing time for decompressed images, since most images are stored in compressed format. In this paper we propose to create a visual vocabulary based on Scale Invariant Feature Transform (SIFT) descriptor in compressed domain with the following three steps, (1) constructing low-resolution images in compressed domain; (2) extracting SIFT descriptor from low-resolution images; and (3) creating a visual vocabulary based on extracted SIFT descriptors. In order to evaluate the performance of the visual words, experiments have been conducted on identifying pornographic images. Experimental results indicate that the proposed method can recognize pornographic images accurately with much reduced computational time.
Common epigenetic changes of D4Z4 in contraction‐dependent and contraction‐independent FSHD

Facioscapulohumeral muscular dystrophy (FSHD), caused by partial deletion of the D4Z4 macrosatellite repeat on chromosome 4q, has a complex genetic and epigenetic etiology. To develop FSHD, D4Z4 contraction needs to occur on a specific genetic background. Only contractions associated with the 4qA161 haplotype cause FSHD. In addition, contraction of the D4Z4 repeat in FSHD patients is associated with significant D4Z4 hypomethylation. To date, however, the methylation status of contracted repeats on nonpathogenic haplotypes has not been studied. We have performed a detailed methylation study of the D4Z4 repeat on chromosome 4q and on a highly homologous repeat on chromosome 10q. We show that patients with a D4Z4 deletion (FSHD1) have D4Z4‐restricted hypomethylation. Importantly, controls with a D4Z4 contraction on a nonpathogenic chromosome 4q haplotype or on chromosome 10q also demonstrate hypomethylation. In 15 FSHD families without D4Z4 contractions but with at least one 4qA161 haplotype (FSHD2), we observed D4Z4‐restricted hypomethylation on chromosomes 4q and 10q. This finding implies that a genetic defect resulting in D4Z4 hypomethylation underlies FSHD2. In conclusion, we describe two ways to develop FSHD: (1) contraction‐dependent or (2) contraction‐independent D4Z4 hypomethylation on the 4qA161 subtelomere. Hum Mutat 30:1–11, 2009. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Web cultural mining and enhancing user access on web using culture

Enormous quantity of information related to user accesses is clutched in web. Mining the information to expand understanding about web site, user visiting pattern and it usage, is referred to as web data mining. In India diversity of culture, has made the user preferences a necessity. It is important to study the user culture background for predicting use. This Paper has dealt with the approach to work with preliminary information, make available adaptive interface for enhanced understanding of user culture background. This paper also put light on set of rules and pattern to discover user preferences according to culture.
Robot Learning Manipulation Action Plans by "Watching" Unconstrained Videos from the World Wide Web

In order to advance action generation and creation in robots beyond simple learned schemas we need computational tools that allow us to automatically interpret and represent human actions. This paper presents a system that learns manipulation action plans by processing unconstrained videos from the World Wide Web. Its goal is to robustly generate the sequence of atomic actions of seen longer actions in video in order to acquire knowledge for robots. The lower level of the system consists of two convolutional neural network (CNN) based recognition modules, one for classifying the hand grasp type and the other for object recognition. The higher level is a probabilistic manipulation action grammar based parsing module that aims at generating visual sentences for robot manipulation. Experiments conducted on a publicly available unconstrained video dataset show that the system is able to learn manipulation actions by ``watching'' unconstrained videos with high accuracy.
THE BOLOCAM GALACTIC PLANE SURVEY. V. HCO+ AND N2H+ SPECTROSCOPY OF 1.1 mm DUST CONTINUUM SOURCES

We present the results of observations of 1882 sources in the Bolocam Galactic Plane Survey (BGPS) at 1.1 mm with the 10 m Henrich Hertz Telescope simultaneously in HCO+ J = 3–2 and N2H+ J = 3–2. We detect 77% of these sources in HCO+ and 51% in N2H+ at greater than 3σ. We find a strong correlation between the integrated intensity of both dense gas tracers and the 1.1 mm dust emission of BGPS sources. We determine kinematic distances for 529 sources (440 in the first quadrant breaking the distance ambiguity and 89 in the second quadrant). We derive the size, mass, and average density for this subset of clumps. The median size of BGPS clumps is 0.75 pc with a median mass of 330 M☉ (assuming TDust = 20 K). The median HCO+ linewidth is 2.9 km s−1 indicating that BGPS clumps are dominated by supersonic turbulence or unresolved kinematic motions. We find no evidence for a size–linewidth relationship for BGPS clumps. We analyze the effects of the assumed dust temperature on the derived clump properties with a Monte Carlo simulation and find that changing the temperature distribution will change the median source properties (mass, volume-averaged number density, surface density) by factors of a few. The observed differential mass distribution has a power-law slope that is intermediate between that observed for diffuse CO clouds and the stellar initial mass function. BGPS clumps represent a wide range of objects (from dense cores to more diffuse clumps) and are typically characterized by larger sizes and lower densities than previously published surveys of high-mass star-forming regions. This collection of objects is a less-biased sample of star-forming regions in the Milky Way that likely span a wide range of evolutionary states.
Inducing oblique decision trees

In this paper an application of evolutionary algorithm to oblique decision tree inference is presented. In the core of new decision tree inducing algorithm is the specific evolutionary algorithm called HereBoy. Performance of proposed HBDT algorithm is studied and compared with eight existing decision tree building algorithms using standard benchmark datasets obtained from the UCI Machine Learning Repository database. The results of experimental study indicate that the proposed HBDT algorithm compares very favorably with some of the previously proposed decision tree building algorithms.
Psychological and Neuroscientific Connections with Reinforcement Learning (preprint)

The field of Reinforcement Learning (RL) was inspired in large part by research in animal behavior and psychology. Early research showed that animals can, through trial and error, learn to execute behavior that would eventually lead to some (presumably satisfactory) outcome, and decades of subsequent research was (and is still) aimed at discovering the mechanisms of this learning process. This chapter describes behavioral and theoretical research in animal learning that is directly related to fundamental concepts used in RL. It then describes neuroscientific research that suggests that animals and many RL algorithms use very similar learning mechanisms. Along the way, I highlight ways that research in computer science contributes to and can be inspired by research in psychology and neuroscience.
Management and control of energy usage and price using participatory sensing data

A key change in the move to Smart Grids (SGs) is the use of dynamic pricing; this together with less reliable energy from renewable resources makes optimising electricity use highly complex. For smart-devices to function in this environment, they must adapt to this complexity, while maintaining the flexibility to handle changing user behaviour patterns. Reinforcement Learning (RL) has been used to optimise the scheduling of dynamic resources in SGs. It is proposed to provide smart-devices with knowledge of user intentions and actions by leveraging participatory sensing data. This, in consequence, will allow devices in the SG to tailor their operational schedule to users’ behaviour. Without this data, the devices’ operation would be interrupted by user activity, leading to suboptimal results. Participatory sensing provides for both, the monitoring of parameters affecting devices operation (for example, temperature for a heating system) and access to detailed information about user behaviour and activity. The results obtained by our RL approach, clearly indicate that participatory sensing data indeed improve the performance of device scheduling when compared to static schemes resulting in a dramatic price reduction.
Non-Linear Smoothed Transductive Network Embedding with Text Information

Network embedding is a classical task which aims to map the nodes of a network to lowdimensional vectors. Most of the previous network embedding methods are trained in an unsupervised scheme. Then the learned node embeddings can be used as inputs of many machine learning tasks such as node classification, attribute inference. However, the discriminant power of the node embeddings maybe improved by considering the node label information and the node attribute information. Inspired by traditional semi-supervised learning techniques, we explore to train the node embeddings and the node classifiers simultaneously with the text attributes information in a flexible framework. We present Non-Linear Smoothed Transductive Network Embedding (NLSTNE), a transductive network embedding method, whose embeddings are enhanced by modeling the non-linear pairwise similarity between the nodes and the non-linear relationships between the nodes and the text attributes. We use the node classification task to evaluate the quality of the node embeddings learned by different models on four real-world network datasets. The experimental results demonstrate that our model outperforms several state-of-the-art network embedding methods.
Voice quality and f0 cues for affect expression: implications for synthesis

Synthesised stimuli were used to investigate how two notionally separable dimensions of tone-of-voice – voice quality and fundamental frequency – are involved in the expression of affect. Listeners were presented with three series of stimuli: (1) stimuli exemplifying different voice qualities, (2) stimuli all with modal voice quality but with different affect-related f0 contours, and (3) stimuli incorporating variation in both voice quality and affect-related f0 contours. A total of 15 stimuli were rated for 12 different affective attributes. Voice quality differentiation appears to account for the highest affect ratings overall, as indicated by the scores obtained for stimuli series (1) and (3). The relatively weaker affect signalling of stimuli differentiated by f0 alone corroborates findings in [2]. It also suggests that for the generation of expressive, affectively coloured speech synthesis, it is not sufficient to manipulate only f0; we also need to capture the voice quality dimension of the voice source.
Genre classification using chords and stochastic language models

Music genre meta-data is of paramount importance for the organisation of music repositories. People use genre in a natural way when entering a music store or looking into music collections. Automatic genre classification has become a popular topic in music information retrieval research both, with digital audio and symbolic data. This work focuses on the symbolic approach, bringing to music cognition some technologies, like the stochastic language models, already successfully applied to text categorisation. The representation chosen here is to model chord progressions as n-grams and strings and then apply perplexity and naïve Bayes classifiers, respectively, in order to assess how often those structures are found in the target genres. Some genres and sub-genres among popular, jazz, and academic music have been considered, trying to investigate how far can we reach using harmonic information with these models. The results at different levels of the genre hierarchy for the techniques employed are presented and discussed.
Eigenvalue analysis of planar or curved shielded or open printed transmission lines loaded with full tensor anisotropic materials

An eigenvalue analysis of curved shielded or open waveguides and planar transmission lines loaded with full tensor anisotropic materials is presented. This analysis is based on our previously established two-dimensional Finite Difference Frequency Domain eigenvalue method formulated in orthogonal curvilinear coordinates. This method is used herein in order to accurately handle closed or open curved geometries filled or partially loaded with full tensor anisotropic materials. Numerous investigations are carried out involving all type of propagating modes.
From Dissemination to Propagation: A New Paradigm for Education Developers

• Scholarly studies and national reports document failure of current efforts to achieve broad, sustained adoption of research-based instructional practices, despite compelling bodies of evidence supporting efficacy of many of these practices. • A dissemination paradigm characterizes patterns of these current, failing efforts. Change agents, working within the dissemination paradigm, try to convince adopters that their innovations can help their students. • Alternatively, change agents, working within the propagation paradigm, engage with adopters early and often to understand their instructional systems and interactively develop a strong product adaptable to specific contexts. Jeffrey E. Froyd is a Research Professor at Texas A&M University. His research interests include sustained adoption of improvements in learning and teaching, systematic reviews in engineering education, evaluation of faculty campus climates, and assessment of complex learning outcomes.
Ischemic Stroke in Rats Enhances Bone Resorption in Vitro

We hypothesized that the formation and differentialtion of osteoclasts are accelerated and the potential of bone resorption is increased in the hemiplegic bone marrow in the early stage of stroke. We randomly divided white female Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats (n = 30) into two groups, stroke (n = 15) and sham group (n = 15). On the 7th day after stroke, after cutting away the epiphyses of the femurs and tibias, diaphyseal channels were flushed using α-minimum essential medium (α-MEM) and bone marrow cells were collected. Bone marrow stem cells, which were extracted from the femur and tibia, were cultured on the 7th day after middle cerebral artery occlusion. We then estimated the ratio of non-adherent cells to total bone marrow cells that included osteoclast precursor cells. After culturing these cells separately, cells that tested positive on the tartrate resistant acid phosphatase (TRAP) were counted and bone resorption was evaluated by using the OAAS™ plate. In comparison to the control group, the stroke group showed a higher increase of non-adherent cells in the hemiplegic side bone marrow. In addition, after the primary culture, the stroke group showed an increased number of TRAP positive cells and a higher degree of bone resorption estimated by OAAS™ plate. As a result, osteoclastogenesis and osteoclast differentiation are accelerated and the potential of bone resorption is increased in the hemiplegic bone marrow and these changes are detected as early as within the first week after middle cerebral artery occlusion in SD rats.
Knowledge of and Attitudes to Influenza Vaccination in Healthy Primary Healthcare Workers in Spain, 2011-2012

Annual influenza vaccination is recommended for healthcare workers, but many do not follow the recommendation. The objective of this study was to investigate the factors associated with seasonal influenza vaccination in the 2011–2012 season. We carried out an anonymous web survey of Spanish primary healthcare workers in 2012. Information on vaccination, and knowledge and attitudes about the influenza vaccine was collected. Workers with medical conditions that contraindicated vaccination and those with high risk conditions were excluded. Multivariate analysis was performed using unconditional logistic regression. We included 1,749 workers. The overall vaccination coverage was 50.7% and was higher in workers aged ≥ 55 years (55.7%), males (57.4%) and paediatricians (63.1%). Factors associated with vaccination were concern about infection at work (aOR 4.93; 95% CI 3.72–6.53), considering that vaccination of heathcare workers is important (aOR 2.62; 95%CI 1.83–3.75) and that vaccination is effective in preventing influenza and its complications (aOR 2.40; 95% CI 1.56–3.67). No association was found between vaccination and knowledge of influenza or the vaccine characteristics. Educational programs should aim to remove the misconceptions and attitudes that limit compliance with recommendations about influenza vaccination in primary healthcare workers rather than only increasing knowledge about influenza and the characteristics of the vaccine.