Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The Roles Beacons Play in Comprehension for Novice and Expert Programmers

In this research, progressively refined methods of investigating Beacon-like features (the surface features of computer programs that serve as keys to facilitate program comprehension) were used to determine how programmers from different experience levels understand a typical simple program. In this study, we found Beacons for novice programmers are different than they are for more experienced programmers. Novices discriminate very little between areas of the program and thus do not seem to use beacons. More experienced programmers tend to concentrate on the important areas of a program and thus, seem to rely on Beacons.
Customizing Rational Unified Process in a Systems Integration Scenario

This paper presents a customization of the Rational Unified Process (RUP) in a systems integration scenario in a large telecommunication company. The purpose of congregating existing systems is to leverage greater benefits from the company'scomputer systems. RUP has been chosen as the software development process due to its strong focus on promoting the fulfillment of the needs of end-users, while all along increasing chances that the process be delivered within an estimated schedule and budget. However, despite the undisputed interest in RUP, there is a gap in the total amount of empirical studies on the adoption and introduction of RUP in the context of specific project types. Moreover, there is little research in investigating and adopting RUP in system integration scenarios. In this paper we investigate the right process-level of RUP to be applied to the systems integration project in a real world business scenario. In addition we evaluate the suitability of RUP for this project'scontext. Evaluation results present advantages and disadvantages of using RUP in projects of the type described here while areas of future work are identified and presented.
Ethical Decision Making: Where We've Been and Where We're Going

(2008). Ethical decision making: Where we've been and where we're going. Acknowledgments: We are very grateful to Jim Walsh and Art Brief who encouraged us to push the boundaries of the business ethics topic. We are also grateful to Max Bazerman, Dave Messick, and Danielle Warren for their very insightful comments on earlier drafts, and to Maryam Kouchaki for her research assistance and helpful comments on an earlier draft. ABSTRACT Research on ethical decision making, or behavioral ethics, in organizations has developed from a small niche area to a burgeoning stand-alone field, one that has gained not only in number of articles written but in the legitimacy of the topic and the field. Our review motivated us to first try and summarize the field, not by comparing it to existing theoretical paradigms, but rather by observing what the data were telling us. We present our summary in the form of a model of ethical decision making and a typology that distinguishes intentionality of actions from ethicality of actions. After presenting this summary of the data, we critically review the research in this area, noting those areas which offer substantial insight and those that do not. In looking to the future and how the field can enhance the former and mitigate the latter, we identify several areas in which meaningful progress can be made, including defining what is " ethical, " revisiting unsubstantiated assumptions, focusing on the processes of ethical decision making, fixing methodological issues, and disentangling the outcomes of ethical decisions. 2 As evidenced by the number of business ethics articles published (see Table 1), the study of ethical decision making has witnessed significant strides over the last few decades. Indeed, just seven years into the current decade we already see almost triple the number of articles published since the previous decade. Advancing from a small niche arena to one that has gained in both volume and importance in the management field, perhaps most noteworthy is that the " field " of ethical decision making is now substantial enough to be the target of two recent and quite a contrast to an experience of the first author, who remembers giving a job talk on ethical decision making in the mid-1990's to a well-respected institution and being asked " what are you going to do research on when this is no longer a fad? " While this trend is exciting, it …
An evaluation of point-of-care instrument for monitoring anticoagulation level in adult cardiac patients.

INTRODUCTION Rapid point-of-care measurement of anticoagulation has become feasible with the advent of new portable devices and offers the potential for home monitoring. This study evaluates the accuracy and feasibility of such a point-of-care device, the ProTime analyser as compared with standard laboratory method (IL MCL2) for monitoring the International Normalised Ratio (INR) level in cardiac patients on oral anticoagulation therapy. MATERIALS AND METHODS Fifty patients were studied. The majority were male (86% versus 14%). Chinese accounted for 37(74%) whereas Malay and Indian, constituted 9(18%) and 4(8%) respectively. The mean age was 55 +/- 12 years. Prosthetic heart valve replacement (46%) and atrial fibrillation (38%) were among the main indications for anticoagulation. The mean dosage of warfarin was 3.0 +/- 1.5 mg (range 1.0 to 6.5 mg) and the INR results ranged from 0.83 to 4.69 (based on the hospital laboratory method). Fingerstick and venous blood samples were collected from every patient and subjected to analysis by ProTime and IL MCL2 analysers. RESULTS There was a good correlation of INRs between ProTime venous and IL MCL2 venous, ProTime fingerstick and IL MCL2 venous and ProTime venous and ProTime fingerstick samplings, with correlation coefficients (r) of 0.9248, 0.9403 and 0.9557, respectively. The Bland-Altman plot also showed a good correlation between the methods used without any systematic bias (limits of agreement ranged from -0.422 to +0.606 INR units on average). CONCLUSION This rapid point-of-care device appears to have an acceptable level of accuracy for measuring INR values in the recommended target ranges in adult cardiac patients on oral anticoagulation therapy.
Personalized paper recommendation in online social scholar system

This paper presents a practical paper recommender system, which aims to provide personalized research paper recommendations to users within an online social scholar system. As an online recommender system, there are three basic problems we need to tackle: 1) How to formalize and solve the recommendation problem; 2) How to achieve real time recommendation; and 3) How to interact with users. In our work, we take the personalized paper recommendation as a ranking problem with respect to users' research interests, and employ a supervised learning to rank approach to solve the problem. However, most previous learning to rank methods rely on manually labeled training data which are both expensive and limited in size. We propose automatical training data construction by mining the existing large scale academic network, and extract various heterogeneous features for learning. With the learned model, we conduct real time personalized recommendation based on our novel efficient candidate generation approach. In addition, update recommendation is employed to interact with users according to different types of user feedbacks. Finally, we demonstrate the effectiveness of our system by both offline and online evaluation.
Physical-Layer Security for MISO Visible Light Communication Channels

This paper considers improving the confidentiality of visible light communication (VLC) links within the framework of physical-layer security. We study a VLC scenario with one transmitter, one legitimate receiver, and one eavesdropper. The transmitter has multiple light sources, while the legitimate and unauthorized receivers have a single photodetector, each. We characterize secrecy rates achievable via transmit beamforming over the multiple-input, single-output (MISO) VLC wiretap channel. For VLC systems, intensity modulation (IM) via light-emitting diodes (LEDs) is the most practical transmission scheme. Because of the limited dynamic range of typical LEDs, the modulating signal must satisfy certain amplitude constraints. Hence, we begin with deriving lower and upper bounds on the secrecy capacity of the scalar Gaussian wiretap channel subject to amplitude constraints. Then, we utilize beamforming to obtain a closed-form secrecy rate expression for the MISO wiretap channel. Finally, we propose a robust beamforming scheme to consider the scenario wherein information about the eavesdropper's channel is imperfect due to location uncertainty. A typical application of the proposed scheme is to secure the communication link when the eavesdropper is expected to exist within a specified area. The performance is measured in terms of the worst-case secrecy rate guaranteed under all admissible realizations of the eavesdropper's channel.
The Moderating Role of Interest in Politics on the Relations between Conservative Political Orientation and Denial of Climate Change

Abstract Although shared consensus in the scientific community confirms the reality of climate change and the likelihood of its anthropogenic causes, denial of this phenomenon, its anthropogenic causes, and its consequences still is widespread. This denial consistently has been associated with conservative ideology and related individual differences at the psychological level, but little is known about the mechanisms that explain this relationship. We aimed to understand how different components of conservative ideologies relate to climate change denial, and to investigate the moderating role of interest in politics on these relationships. We considered a representative sample of the U.S. electorate [American National Election Studies (ANES) 2012 database, N = 1525]. We assessed the ideological components of conservatism through measures of right wing authoritarianism (RWA) and social dominance orientation (SDO). Results showed a main effect for both RWA and SDO on climate change denial. Moderation analysis revealed that the RWA and SDO effects became stronger, moving from low to high levels of interest in politics.
Organic Cation Transporter 3 (Slc22a3) Is Implicated in Salt-Intake Regulation

Organic cation transporters (OCTs) are carrier-type permeases known to participate in general detoxification functions in peripheral tissues. Previous in vitro studies have suggested that OCTs ensure Uptake2, a low-affinity, corticosteroid-sensitive catecholamine removal system, which was characterized initially in sympathetically innervated tissues. Although the presence of both Uptake2-like transport and most OCT subtypes has also been demonstrated in the brain, the physiological role of this family of transporters in CNS remained totally unknown. In the present work, we show that the OCT3 transporter is found throughout the brain and highly expressed in regions regulating fluid exchange, including circumventricular organs such as area postrema and subfornical organ (SFO), and in other structures implicated in the sensing of changes in blood osmolarity and regulation of salt and water ingestion. OCT3/Slc22a3-deficient mice show an increase in the level of ingestion of hypertonic saline under thirst and salt appetite conditions, as well as alterations of the neural response in the SFO after sodium deprivation, as monitored by Fos immunoreactivity. This work demonstrates that the presence of OCT3 is critical for the balanced neural and behavioral responses to environmentally induced variations in osmolarity and provides for the first time physiological evidence of the importance of OCTs for CNS function.
IGBT open circuit fault diagnosis in VSI fed induction motor drives based on modified average current method

This paper presents a modified three-phase average current method, which deals with IGBT open circuit fault detection and localization in a PWM voltage source inverter (VSI) fed induction motor drives. This method is suitable for not only single IGBT fault, but also two IGBTs faults in different bridges. Firstly, an improved algorithm was used to detect the faulty bridges. Second, according to the value of the average current in the faulty arm, the IGBT open circuit fault detection and localization can be achieved. The proposed technique is developed and implemented in a dSPACE based vector control induction motor drive system. The improved algorithm is introduced and experimental results confirm the proposed method.
Linear Distinguishing Attack on NLS

We present a distinguishing attack on NLS which is one of the stream ciphers submitted to the eSTREAM project. We build the distinguisher by using linear approximations of both the non-linear feedback shift register (NFSR) and the nonlinear filter function (NLF). Since the bias of the distinguisher depends on the Konst value, which is a key-dependent word, we estimate the average bias to be around O(2). Therefore, we claim that NLS is distinguishable from truly random cipher after observing O(2) keystream words on the average. In addition, we present how to reduce a fraction of Konst values for which our attack fails.
STUDY ON ENHANCING BLOG QUALITY USING SOCIAL CONNECTIVITY

Blogging has become a useful way for people to publish data on the Internet, which contains posts, comments, trackbacks etc. They can also share latest news and opinions. As several blogs have risen up on the web, the users ha ve the problem to identify which of the blogs contain usefu l information & data. My attempt in this paper is to present a ro ad map in ranking blogs. In the first blush, it appears that this exercise is the same as ranking the general web ranking but actually the blogs in Blogosphere are not amenable to using these same algorithms. An approach based on social connectivity between bloggers i.e. Relationships among bloggers and diff erent important features could help in enhancing blog quality. In our approach we are adding "Time" Factor by analyzing these blogs relationships at different time intervals would help us to identify the impact of blogs in Blogosphere.
The fate of CO white dwarfs that experience slow deflagrations

It has been suggested that the differences among the observational Type Ia supernovae (SNIa) set can be accounted for by invoking two regimes of propagation of combustion. Normal SNIa should be produced by rapid deflagrations that rapidly propagate across a white dwarf, while dim SNIa should be a consequence of a detonation issued during the contraction phase of a pulsation induced by a very slow conductive deflagration. In this paper, we explore the observational consequences of deflagrations, the properties of which are in between both behaviours. Using different laws for the flame velocity as a function of flame radius, a number of different outcomes were found, including direct explosions ejecting small quantities of 56Ni, pulsations leading to recontraction and likely reignition of the flame, and a threshold explosion characterized by an extended gravitationally bound phase (several 103 s), in which most of the white dwarf matter was ejected by the energy input of radioactive isotopes. Not one of these strange supernovae has been detected up to now. Nevertheless, since they are very dim and, for nucleosynthesis reasons, very rare, their existence cannot be excluded. Furthermore, the computed light curve shows that these events mimic the behaviour of peculiar Type II supernovae (SNII), for which reasons there is always the possibility that they have been misclassified as peculiar SNII whose spectrum is lacking.
Making views self-maintainable for data warehousing

A data warehouse stores materialized views over data from one or more sources in order to provide fast access to the integrated data, regardless of the availability of the data sources. Warehouse views need to be maintained in response to changes to the base data in the sources. Except for very simple views, maintaining a warehouse view requires access to data that is not available in the view itself. Hence, to maintain the view, one either has to query the data sources or store auxiliary data in the warehouse. The authors show that by using key and referential integrity constraints, one often can maintain a select-project-join view without going to the data sources or replicating the base relations in their entirety in the warehouse. They derive a set of auxiliary views such that the warehouse view and the auxiliary views together are self-maintainable-they can be maintained without going to the data sources or replicating all base data. In addition, their technique can be applied to simplify traditional materialized view maintenance by exploiting key and referential integrity constraints.
Capturing data and realistic 3d models for cued speech analysis and audiovisual synthesis

We have implemented a complete text-to-speech synthesis system by concatenation that addresses French Manual Cued Speech (FMCS). It uses two separate dictionaries, one for multimodal diphones with audio and facial articulation, and the other with the gestures between two consecutive FMCS keys (“dikeys”). Dictionaries were built from real data. This paper presents our methodology and the final results, illustrated by the accompanying videos. We recorded and analyzed the 3D trajectories of 50 hand and 63 facial fleshpoints during the production of 238 utterances carefully designed to cover all possible diphones of French. Linear and non-linear statistical models of hand and face deformations and postures were developed using both separate and joint corpora. Additional data allowed us to capture the shape of the hand and face with a higher spatial density (2,600 points for the hand and forearm and 2,000 for the face), as well as their appearance. We succeeded in building new high-density articulated models that were compatible with the previous emerging set of control parameters. This allows the outputted synthesis parameters to drive the more realistic 3D models instead of the low-density ones.
Fairness ex ante & ex post: The benefits of renegotiation in media markets

The market for copyrights is characterised by a highly skewed distribution of profits: very few movies, books and songs generate huge profits, whereas the great bulk barely manages to recover production cost. At the moment when the owner of intellectual property grants a licence (“ex ante”), neither party knows the true value of the traded commodity. A seemingly odd norm from German copyright law, the so-called “bestseller provision”, stipulates that the seller of a licence has a legally enforceable right to a bonus in case the work (“ex post”) turns out a blockbuster. We experimentally explore the effect of the provision on market prices, on the number of deals struck and on perceived fairness. Our results show that the provision leads to lower prices for copyrights. More copyrights trade. The buyers perceive less ex-post unfairness. ∗ We would like to thank Lars Klöhn, Karl Riesenhuber, Stefan Bechtold, Gerard Hertig, Steffi Brilon, Sebastian Goerg as well as the participants of the INTERGU conference, the IMPRS Uncertainty workshop, the experimental economics seminar at the University of Bonn, and the intellectual property seminar at the ETH Zürich for valuable comments and discussion. We are also grateful to Brian Cooper for translating the instructions and Carlos Kurschilgen for programming ztree. For questions and comments please contact engel@coll.mpg. de or kurschilgen@coll.mpg. de.
Abundance indices of belugas in James Bay and eastern Hudson Bay in summer 2004 Indices d ' abondance des bélugas dans la baie James et l ' est de la baie d ' Hudson à l ' été 2004

* This series documents the scientific basis for the evaluation of fisheries resources in Canada. As such, it addresses the issues of the day in the time frames required and the documents it contains are not intended as definitive statements on the subjects addressed but rather as progress reports on ongoing investigations. * La présente série documente les bases scientifiques des évaluations des ressources halieutiques du Canada. Elle traite des problèmes courants selon les échéanciers dictés. Les documents qu’elle contient ne doivent pas être considérés comme des énoncés définitifs sur les sujets traités, mais plutôt comme des rapports d’étape sur les études en cours.
On-Chip Optical Squeezing

Avik Dutt, Kevin Luke, Sasikanth Manipatruni, Alexander L. Gaeta, Paulo Nussenzveig, and Michal Lipson School of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853, USA Exploratory Integrated Circuits, Intel Components Research, Intel Corporation, Hillsboro, Oregon 97124, USA School of Applied and Engineering Physics, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853, USA Kavli Institute at Cornell for Nanoscale Science, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853, USA Instituto de Fisica, Universidade de Sao Paulo, P.O. Box 66318, 05315-970 Sao Paulo, Brazil (Received 20 April 2014; revised manuscript received 3 March 2015; published 13 April 2015)
Near-Stasis in the Long-Term Diversification of Mesozoic Tetrapods

How did evolution generate the extraordinary diversity of vertebrates on land? Zero species are known prior to ~380 million years ago, and more than 30,000 are present today. An expansionist model suggests this was achieved by large and unbounded increases, leading to substantially greater diversity in the present than at any time in the geological past. This model contrasts starkly with empirical support for constrained diversification in marine animals, suggesting different macroevolutionary processes on land and in the sea. We quantify patterns of vertebrate standing diversity on land during the Mesozoic–early Paleogene interval, applying sample-standardization to a global fossil dataset containing 27,260 occurrences of 4,898 non-marine tetrapod species. Our results show a highly stable pattern of Mesozoic tetrapod diversity at regional and local levels, underpinned by a weakly positive, but near-zero, long-term net diversification rate over 190 million years. Species diversity of non-flying terrestrial tetrapods less than doubled over this interval, despite the origins of exceptionally diverse extant groups within mammals, squamates, amphibians, and dinosaurs. Therefore, although speciose groups of modern tetrapods have Mesozoic origins, rates of Mesozoic diversification inferred from the fossil record are slow compared to those inferred from molecular phylogenies. If high speciation rates did occur in the Mesozoic, then they seem to have been balanced by extinctions among older clades. An apparent 4-fold expansion of species richness after the Cretaceous/Paleogene (K/Pg) boundary deserves further examination in light of potential taxonomic biases, but is consistent with the hypothesis that global environmental disturbances such as mass extinction events can rapidly adjust limits to diversity by restructuring ecosystems, and suggests that the gradualistic evolutionary diversification of tetrapods was punctuated by brief but dramatic episodes of radiation.
Measurement of small color differences.

The new student of color vision begins with a false sense of security. The student learns that there are simple computational rules for assigning three-dimensional coordinates to lights. This scheme assigns equal coordinates to lights only when the lights appear identical (even though the lights may be physically different). Furthermore, the coordinates assigned to a light (a '+' b) formed by mixing together lights a and b is simply the sum of the coordinates assigned to light a plus the coordinates assigned to b. Such a scheme for assigning vectors to lights characterizes those instances when different lights have precisely the same color appearance. This leads the initiate to imagine that these same coordinate values—or some close relative—can be used to calculate