Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Characterization of Antibiosis and Antixenosis to the Soybean Aphid (Hemiptera: Aphididae) in Several Soybean Genotypes

Abstract The soybean aphid, Aphis glycines Matsumura (Hemiptera: Aphididae), is an introduced pest of soybean, Glycine max (L.) Merr. , in North America, and it can reduce yields by 50%. Since 2000, when A. glycines was first detected in the United States, studies of this insect and possible control methods have been initiated. Plant resistance to this aphid species is one important component of integrated control. Reproduction of A. glycines was compared on 240 soybean entries in a pesticide-free greenhouse. Eleven entries had fewer nymphs produced, compared with the susceptible checks, and these entries were used in follow-up experiments to assess antibiosis and antixenosis. Antibiosis was estimated in true no-choice tests, in which adults were confined individually in double-sided sticky cages stuck to the upper side of leaves. Antixenosis was assessed in choice tests, in which all entries were planted in a single pot. Adult aphids were placed in the center of the pot, and 24 h later the number of adults on each plant was counted. Of the 11 entries evaluated, nine showed a moderate antibiotic effect to A. glycines, and the other two entries (K1639 and Pioneer 95B97) showed not only a strong antibiotic effect but also exhibited antixenosis as a category of resistance to A. glycines. The resistant soybean entries found in this work are potential sources for A. glycines control. RESUMEN El áfido de la soya, Aphis glycines Matsumura, es una plaga introducida de la soya, Glycine max (L.) Merr. , en Norte América y puede causar pérdidas en rendimiento hasta en un 50%. Se iniciaron estudios de este insecto y posibles métodos de control desde el año 2000, cuando fue detectado en los Estados Unidos. La Resistencia de plantas es un importante método de control en el manejo integrado contra este áfido. La reproducción de A. glycines fue comparada en 240 genotipos de soya en condiciones de invernadero libre de pesticidas. Once genotipos presentaron un número más bajo de ninfas que los testigos susceptibles y fueron usados en subsiguientes experimentos para detectar antibiosis y antixenosis. La antibiosis fue determinada por medio de experimentos de no-selección, donde adultos fueron confinados individualmente en pequeñas jaulas de doble faz pegadas sobre el haz de las hojas. La antixenosis fue estimada por medio de experimentos de libre selección, en los que diferentes genotipos fueron sembrados en un mismo recipiente. Los adultos fueron colocados en el centro del recipiente y el número de adultos en cada planta fue contado 24 horas después. De los 11 genotipos estudiados, nueve mostraron un moderado nivel de antibiosis al insecto, y los otros dos (K1639 y Pioneer 95B97), no sólo presentaron un alto nivel de antibiosis, sino que fueron los únicos genotipos que exhibieron antixenosis como categoría de resistencia. Los genotipos resistentes encontrados en este trabajo son potenciales fuentes de resistencia para controlar A. glycines.
Operating system support for persistent systems: past, present and future

Since the 1980s, various groups have been constructing systems that support a concept known as orthogonal persistence. These systems support objects whose lifetime is independent of the context in which they were created. The benefits of such systems include greater run‐time efficiency, strong semantic guarantees about the existence of data and its type, early error checking, and lower construction costs. However, the implementation of persistent systems has been hindered by the lack of support provided by the operating system. This paper examines the implementation of persistent systems on traditional operating systems and on operating systems that directly support persistence, and looks at current attempts to provide flexible architectures that permit persistence to be provided efficiently above the operating system. Copyright © 2000 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Interactive indexing into image databases

The general problem of object recognition is difficult and often requires a large amount of computing resources, even for locating an object within a single image. How, then, can it be possible to build a tool for indexing into a large database of, say, thousands of images, which works effectively in `interactive time' on affordable hardware? One important optimization is to take advantage of interaction with the user to find out what types of variation are expected in the database, and to rely on the user to discriminate between similar-looking objects. Another is to create appropriate data structures off-line to speed on-line searches. We are building a tool, called FINDIT, for locating the image of an object from within a large number of images of scenes which may contain the object. The user outlines an object in an image that he wants to find in the database, and specifies the constraints on the transformations of the object that are expected to occur. The program acts as a filter to quickly reduce the possible number of candidates to a number small enough to be perused by the user. FINDIT chooses an appropriate search algorithm depending on the selection of constraints by the user.
The development of transmission at an identified molluscan synapse. I. The emergence of synaptic plasticities.

1. A monosynaptic, chemical synapse exists between two identified neurons in the subesophageal ganglia of the pulmonate mollusc, Achatina fulica. The snail undergoes a direct development, i.e., there is no intervening metamorphic period. The presynaptic (V2) and postsynaptic (RPr1) cells are two of the largest neurons found in the ganglia. The development of transmission at this synapse was studied from the last one-third of embryonic life to adulthood. 2. Synaptic transmission was studied by eliciting an action potential in V2 and recording the resultant excitatory postsynaptic potential (EPSP) in RPr1. In a train of repetitive stimuli, the ratio of the mean amplitude of the second EPSP to that of the first EPSP (EPSP2/EPSP1) is always greater than 1, indicating that short-term facilitation is present at all developmental ages studied. Following the initial short-term facilitation, embryonic synapses undergo a profound synaptic depression. Postembryonically there is a progressive increase in the amount of frequency facilitation with age, suggesting that the synapse shows a developmental trend towards an increased capacity for transmitter release. 3. In contrast to the progressive growth of frequency facilitation, the amplitude of the first EPSP in a series of responses (EPSP1) is not significantly related to age. 4. When transmitter release is reduced to approximately 25% of normal levels by a low-Ca2+/high-Mg2+ saline, the synaptic depression that is observed in the younger synapses disappears and is replaced by an adult-like frequency facilitation. 5. The adult synapse displays a phenomenon similar to posttetanic potentiation, which we refer to as the "retention of frequency facilitation. " If an initial train of 150 stimuli at 0.2 Hz is followed by a second, identical train after an interval of 1 h, the postsynaptic response is greater during the second train than during the first. This phenomenon only becomes apparent in the second month after hatching, indicating that this separate synaptic plasticity develops at a different rate than does frequency facilitation.
Implementation of dynamical nucleation theory with quantum potentials

A method is implemented within the context of dynamical nucleation theory in order to efficiently determine the ab initio water dimer evaporation rate constant. The drive for increased efficiency in a Monte Carlo methodology is established by the need to use relatively expensive quantum mechanical interaction potentials. A discussion is presented illustrating the theory, algorithm, and implementation of this method to the water dimer. Hartree–Fock and second order Møller–Plesset perturbation theories along with the Dang–Chang polarizable classical potential are utilized to determine the ab initio water dimer evaporation rate constant. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Comput Chem, 2009
A mathematical model for neuron astrocytes interactions in hippocampus during addiction

Addiction is a chronic disorder whereby addicted individuals compulsively engage in drug seeking despite its negative consequences. Hippocampus has unavoidable role in addiction because of its importance in learning and memory. Any modification of hippocampal cells alters dopamine levels in NAc and firing rates of VTA dopaminergic cells. In order to have a better understanding of the addiction in cellular level, we present a mathematical model of a tripartite synapse in hippocampus. The proposed model can show some functions of synapses under addiction that may contribute to drug seeking and relapse behaviors. The model is based on glutamate alterations in synaptic cleft during drug abuse. Experimental studies suggest that during drug abuse, NMD AR dependent synaptic transmission is increased. According to our simulation results, dysfunction of astrocyte has a significant role in initiating addiction. Since healthy astrocytes has a comprehensive control over synaptic interactions it may use to treat addicted related behaviors. Also, we may conclude that addiction causes abnormalities on postsynaptic signaling such as NMDA currents. Furthermore, we may suggest that drug induced D-serine enhancement in synaptic cleft potentiate post synaptic calcium influx and LTP.
Design of High Performance Arithmetic and Logic Circuits in DSM Technology

Dynamic domino logic circuits are widely used in modern digital VLSI circuits. These dynamic circuits are often favoured in high performance designs because of the speed advantage offered over static CMOS logic circuits. The main drawbacks of dynamic logic are a lack of design automation, a decreased tolerance to noise and increased power dissipation. However, domino gates typically consume higher dynamic switching and leakage power and display weaker noise immunity as compared to static CMOS logic circuits. In this work, a new low voltage swing circuit technique based on a dual threshold voltage CMOS technology is presented for simultaneously reducing active & standby mode power consumption and enhancing evaluation speed and noise immunity in domino logic circuits in 65 nm deep submicron technology (DSM). The proposed technique modifies both the upper and lower boundaries of the voltage swing at the dynamic node. Ground, power supply and threshold voltages are simultaneously optimized to minimize the power delay product (PDP). The proposed techniques are compared by performing detailed transistor simulations on benchmark circuits such as 1-bit Half Adder, 16-bit Adder, 16-bit Comparator, D-Latch, 4-bit LFSR using Microwind 3 and DSCH3 CMOS layout CAD tools. Index Terms—CMOS, DSM technology, Domino logic, Dynamic power, Full-swing, Power, Power delay product, Reduced-swing.
Effects of movement‐related cortical activities on pain‐related somatosensory evoked potentials following CO2 laser stimulation in normal subjects

We investigated the change in pain perception produced by the application of movement and vibration to areas adjacent to, and remote from, the painful stimulus. Pain‐related somatosensory evoked potentials (pain SEPs) and the pain threshold were evaluated following CO2 laser stimulation in 17 normal subjects. The concurrent application of vibratory stimuli and the voluntary movement of the fingers of the hand to which the pain stimulus was applied significantly reduced and prolonged the pain SEPs and increased the pain threshold, consistent with the gate control theory. Pain SEPs were also significantly attenuated by voluntary (P< 0.001) and passive (P<0.02) movement of the remote areas such as the foot, but the pain threshold was unaffected. This finding was not produced by vibration or movement imagery of the limbs without active movement. Therefore, interactions between pain perception and movement‐related cortical activities must take place in some areas of the brain without relieving pain.
Optimizing, diagnostic, and therapeutic strategies using decision-theoretic planning: principles and applications.

OBJECTIVE Decision-theoretic planning is a new technique for selecting optimal actions. The authors sought to determine whether decision-theoretic planning could be applied to medical decision making to identify optimal strategies for diagnosis and therapy. METHODS An existing model of acute deep venous thrombosis (DVT) of the lower extremities--in which 24 management strategies were compared--was converted into a set of conditional-probabilistic actions for use by the DRIPS decision-theoretic planning system. Actions were grouped into an abstraction/decomposition hierarchy. A utility function was defined in accordance with the existing DVT management model to incorporate the costs and risks of the diagnostic tests and treatments. RESULTS From 18 primitive actions (such as "perform venography" and "treat if venography shows thigh DVT"), a total of 312 possible concrete plans were encoded within the abstraction/decomposition hierarchy. The DRIPS planning system used abstraction techniques to eliminate 136 possible plans (44%) from consideration. It determined that, given the parameters specified, the most cost-effective management strategy was "no tests, no treatment. " This result differed from the published result of "perform ultrasonography, treat if positive. " In reviewing the original article, it was determined that DRIPS had revealed an error in the manually constructed decision trees used in that manuscript. At values of $75,000 and greater for the cost of death, the optimal strategy became "impedance plethysmography (IPG), don't wait, perform venography if IPG is positive, and treat only if venography shows thigh DVT. " CONCLUSION Decision-theoretic planning is applicable to medical decision making and may be an extremely useful technique for complex decisions. The use of inheritance abstraction makes the technique computationally tractable for complex planning problems, and the modular nature of the data entry may help eliminate errors that appear in manually encoded decision trees.
Incidence and risk of arm oedema following treatment for breast cancer: a three-year follow-up study.

BACKGROUND Breast-cancer-related lymphoedema is a chronic condition with estimates of incidence ranging from 6 to 83%. Lymphoedema has been associated with a variety of risk factors. However, this evidence has suffered from methodological weaknesses, and so has had little impact upon clinical practice. AIM To examine incidence and risk factors [hospital skin puncture, surgical procedure, Body Mass Index (BMI), age, axillary node status, number of axillary nodes removed, radiotherapy and surgery on dominant side] for breast cancer-related arm lymphoedema. DESIGN Prospective observational study, with measurement of limbs pre-operatively and at regular intervals post-operatively. METHODS We recruited 251 women who had surgical treatment for breast cancer that involved sampling, excision or biopsy of axillary nodes, aged > or = 18 years, and free of advanced disease and psychological co-morbidities. Of these, 188 (74.9%) were available for 3-year follow-up. RESULTS At follow-up, 39 (20.7%) had developed lymphoedema. Hospital skin puncture (vs. none) (RR 2.44, 95%CI 1.33-4.47), mastectomy (vs. wide local excision or lumpectomy) (RR 2.04, 95%CI 1.18-3.54), and BMI > or = 26 (vs. BMI 19-26) (RR 2.02, 95%CI 1.11-3.68) were the only significant risk factors. DISCUSSION Lymphoedema remains a significant clinical problem, with 1:5 women in this sample developing the condition following treatment for breast cancer. Risk factors are identified in the development of lymphoedema that should be taken into account in clinical practice.
Oncological outcome of surgical treatment in 336 patients with renal cell carcinoma.

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE The most effective therapy against renal cell carcinoma (RCC) is surgical treatment; however, there have been few large-scale studies that focused on the oncological outcome of this disease in China. The aim of the current study was to report the clinicopathological results and cancer-specific survival (CSS) rate in RCC patients after surgical treatment in our center. METHODS We retrospectively analyzed the clinicopathological data of 336 RCC patients who underwent radical or partial nephrectomy between 1999 and 2006. Of the 336 patients, 226 were male and 110 were female; the median age was 51 years. Univariate and multivariate analyses were conducted to identify the independent prognostic predictors for this cohort of RCC patients. RESULTS During follow-up, the overall 5-year CSS rate was 81.4%. The 5-year CSS rates for patients with stage-I, -II, -III, and -IV RCC were 94.7%, 88.9%, 68.8%, and 19.3%, respectively. The patients with T1N0M0 (T1) and T2N0M0 (T2) tumors had similar survival curves. For patients with T1 category tumor, the survival rate did not differ significantly between the radical nephrectomy and nephron-sparing surgery groups. For the 21 patients with metastasis confined to the local lymph nodes, the 5-year survival rate was 31.6% after radical nephrectomy and lymph node dissection. For the 15 patients with vena caval tumor thrombus, the 5-year survival rate was 52.5% after radical nephrectomy and tumor thrombus extirpation. Multivariate Cox regression showed that stage was an independent predictor for CSS (hazard ratio, 3.359; P < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS For localized RCC, the oncological outcome of this cohort is comparable to that reported in the Western literature. For some patients with locally advanced RCC, aggressive surgical treatment can lead to better long-term survival. However, the prognosis of the patients with metastasis still needs to be improved.
Phospholipid metabolism in embryonic rat fibroblasts following stimulation by a combination of the serum proteins S1 and S2.

Phospholipid metabolism has been investigated in embryonic rat fibroblasts which have been incubated in serum-free medium and subsequently stimulated by the growth-stimulating serum proteins S1 and S2: 1 Incorporation of 32P into phosphatidylinositol iancreases rapidly within a few minutes of stimulation; after 30 min it is 7.4-fold higher in stimulated cells when compared with the controls. Phosphatidylcholine synthesis and uptake of 32P into the acid-soluble pool is not significantly enhanced during this time. Labelling of phosphatidylserine, phosphatidylethanolamine and sphingomyelin during this period is just above the background level. 2 Incorporation of 32P into phosphatidylinositol and phosphatidylethanolamine is strongly inhibited in the presence of dibutyryl-adenosine 3′: 5′-monophosphate and theophylline whereas the metabolism of phosphatidylcholine is not influenced. As demonstrated with [3H] inositol, the inhibition of phosphatidylinositol synthesis is restricted to dibutyryladenosine 3′:5′-monophosphate; adenosine 3′:5′-monophosphate; guanosine 3′:5′-monophosphate and dibutyryl guanosine 3′:5′-monophosphate are ineffective. 3 The growth-stimulating serum factors must be present continuously for activation of phosphatidylinositol synthesis; within 1 h after serum deprivation the incorporation of 32P into phosphatidylinositol decreases to about 20% of the original value; in contrast, phosphatidylcholine biosynthesis is not influenced significantly during this time period.
Research on Multi-document Summarization Model Based on Dynamic Manifold-Ranking

This paper introduces a model to describe the dynamic evolution of network information, identifying and analyzing the document collection on the same topic in different stages. In order to characterize the dynamic relationship of evolutionary content differences, this paper presents a dynamic multi-document summarization model, which is called the Dynamic Manifold-Ranking Model (DMRM). Some experiments were conducted on the Update Task test data from TAC2008, and results of new model were compared with results from the TAC2008 evaluation. This comparison demonstrated the effectiveness of the model.
On behavior of Malaysian equities through fractal analysis

Existence of a long memory in many processes including financial time series, documented via different methodologies in previous literatures, has inspired recent work in quantifying the fractal characteristics. This paper questions the accuracy of commonly applied fractal analysis on explaining persistency behavior of time series understudy. Rescaled range (R/S) and power spectrum techniques produce fractal dimensions for daily returns of twelve Malaysian stocks from the most well performed firms in Kuala Lumpur stock exchange. Zipf's law generates linear and logarithmic power-law distribution plots to evaluate the validity of estimated fractal dimensions on prescribing stocks' persistency behavior with less ambiguity. Findings from this study suggest that a more thoughtful approach is required when applying fractal analysis for quantifying persistent behavior.
Fairness-aware shared relay assignment for cooperative communications

The choice of relay nodes significantly affects the performance of wireless cooperative networks. Previous research mostly focused on dedicating one relay node to a source node in the network. However, fairness can be improved by sharing each relay node among more than one source node. This paper first defines the shared relay assignment for (max-min) fairness (SRAF) problem, and formalizes it using a mixed integer program. We then propose a heuristic algorithm (RRA) to solve this problem. The algorithm mainly uses the binary search and rounding mechanisms to implement the shared relay assignment, so that the minimum throughput of all source nodes is improved. The theoretical analysis proves that the proposed algorithm can reach the approximate performance of 2+ε, where ε is an arbitrarily small positive number. An improved version of RRA, called IRRA, can improve the minimum throughput while still preserving the worst-case performance. Our simulations show that the IRRA algorithm can achieve about 18% improvement over the best existing approach in the minimum throughout among the source nodes.
Transcription rate and transcript length drive formation of chromosomal interaction domain boundaries

Chromosomes in all organisms are highly organized and divided into multiple chromosomal interaction domains, or topological domains. Regions of active, high transcription help establish and maintain domain boundaries, but precisely how this occurs remains unclear. Here, using fluorescence microscopy and chromosome conformation capture in conjunction with deep sequencing (Hi‐C), we show that in Caulobacter crescentus, both transcription rate and transcript length, independent of concurrent translation, drive the formation of domain boundaries. We find that long, highly expressed genes do not form topological boundaries simply through the inhibition of supercoil diffusion. Instead, our results support a model in which long, active regions of transcription drive local decompaction of the chromosome, with these more open regions of the chromosome forming spatial gaps in vivo that diminish contacts between DNA in neighboring domains. These insights into the molecular forces responsible for domain formation in Caulobacter likely generalize to other bacteria and possibly eukaryotes.