Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Groundwater quality distribution by geostatistical investigation (GIS), Nile Delta, Northern Egypt

The Nile Delta represents two-thirds of agricultural output with low precipitation and population growth that depletes the groundwater. The Quaternary aquifer is consisted of Holocene (aquitard) underlain by Pleistocene (aquifer), and groundwater flows from south to north, northwest, and northeast directions. The total dissolved solids (TDS) concentration increases toward the western and northeastern part in 1997 by seawater intrusion and irrigation practices. The TDS concentration anomalies were in the north and east, and are attributed to pumping within 2003, 2010, and 2013 periods. There is a good match between hydrogeochemistry (TDS content) and hydrogeology (groundwater flow) with the TDS concentration change found to decline mainly in the southwestern and northeastern part within 1997, 2003, and 2013 periods. The TDS concentration change declines toward the northern part of the eastern Nile Delta by increase in potentiometric surface from the River Nile in 2010. The geostatistical application (GIS) is used to determine the groundwater quality and hydrogeochemical parameters distribution, which is accomplished by ordinary kriging. The first produced map is the default options, while the next map (2nd) incorporated more of the spatial relationships constructed. When the latter is estimated, the exploratory spatial data investigation (ESDA) techniques check parameters extent. Trends were deleted and spatial autocorrelation was modeled. The ESDA and geostatistical techniques were used and the surfaces of the major ions were found more accurate. The third surface showed critical probability that TDS concentration threshold point increase drinking and irrigation purposes in the northeastern part and decrease in the southwestern parts of the Nile Delta. The default kriging is the best for mapping the hydrogeochemical parameters. Key words: Total dissolved solids (TDS) change, major ions, geostatistical tools, GIS, Nile Delta.
In Situ Surface Defect Detection in Polymer Tube Extrusion: AI-Based Real-Time Monitoring Approach

While striving to optimize overall efficiency, smart manufacturing systems face various problems presented by the aging workforce in modern society. The proportion of aging workers is rapidly increasing worldwide, and visual perception, which plays a key role in quality control, is significantly susceptible to the impact of aging. Thus it is necessary to understand these changes and implement state-of-the-art technologies as solutions. In this study, we conduct research to mitigate the negative effects of aging on visual recognition through the synergistic effects of real-time monitoring technology combining cameras and AI in polymer tube production. Cameras positioned strategically and with sophisticated AI within the manufacturing environment promote real-time defect detection and identification, enabling an immediate response. An immediate response to defects minimizes facility downtime and enhances the productivity of manufacturing industries. With excellent detection performance (approximately 99.24%) and speed (approximately 20 ms), simultaneous defects in a tube can be accurately detected in real time. Finally, real-time monitoring technology with adaptive features and superior performance can mitigate the negative impact of decreased visual perception in aging workers and is expected to improve quality consistency and quality management efficiency.
Phenotypic Investigation and RNA-seq of KN1 Involved in Leaf Angle Formation in Maize (Zea mays L.)

Leaf angle (LA) is one of the core agronomic traits of maize, which controls maize yield by affecting planting density. Previous studies have shown that the KN1 gene is closely related to the formation of maize LA, but its specific mechanism has not been fully studied. In this study, phenotype investigation and transcriptomic sequencing were combined to explore the mechanism of LA changes in wild type maize B73 and mutant kn1 under exogenous auxin (IAA) and abscisic acid (ABA) treatment. The results showed that the effect of exogenous phytohormones had a greater impact on the LA of kn1 compared to B73. Transcriptome sequencing showed that genes involved in IAA, gibberellins (GAs) and brassinosteroids (BRs) showed different differential expression patterns in kn1 and B73. This study provides new insights into the mechanism of KN1 involved in the formation of maize LA, and provides a theoretical basis for breeding maize varieties with suitable LA.
Over-parameterized Deep Nonparametric Regression for Dependent Data with Its Applications to Reinforcement Learning

In this paper, we provide statistical guarantees for over-parameterized deep nonparametric regression in the presence of dependent data. By decomposing the error, we establish non-asymptotic error bounds for deep estimation, which is achieved by effectively balancing the approximation and generalization errors. We have derived an approximation result for H¨older functions with constrained weights. Additionally, the generalization error is bounded by the weight norm, allowing for a neural network parameter number that is much larger than the training sample size. Furthermore, we address the issue of the curse of dimensionality by assuming that the samples originate from distributions with low intrinsic dimensions. Under this assumption, we are able to overcome the challenges posed by high-dimensional spaces. By incorporating an additional error propagation mechanism, we derive oracle inequalities for the over-parameterized deep fitted Q -iteration
Magmatisme mafique et minéralisations Sb-Au dans le domaine Centre Armoricain : contrôles spatio-temporels et implications metallogéniques

Au sein de la croute terrestre, une grande partie des processus de mobilisation et redistribution des metaux resulte de circulations de fluides a grande echelle. Par consequent, c’est un parametre cle dans la formation de nombreux types de gisements varies. Les zones de deformation etant les vecteurs principaux des circulations de fluides, la plupart des gisements d’or (Au) et d’antimoine (Sb) se retrouvent localises au sein des ceintures orogeniques. Le Massif Armoricain constitue un segment de la chaine varisque ouest-europeenne et contient de nombreux gisements a Sb-Au. L’objectif de cette these est a la fois de fournir de nouvelles contraintes sur la genese des mineralisations varisques a Sb-Au et d’ameliorer l’etat des connaissances sur les processus critiques a l’origine des circulations de fluides mineralisatrices. Ainsi, une analyse des relations spatiales et des analyses structurales, geochronologiques et geochimiques ont ete realisees sur les gisements a Sb-Au du Domaine Centre Armoricain (DCA) et sur le gisement du Semnon en particulier.Une grande partie des gisements a Sb-Au est spatialement associee a des zones denses et relativement magnetiques suggerant la presence de corps mafiques/ultramafiques en profondeur. Cela est supporte par les nombreuses occurrences de dykes et sills de dolerites a travers toute la region. Ces dykes et sills sont issus d’un important evenement magmatique mafique mis en place a 360 Ma durant un changement drastique de la dynamique de convergence, passant de la subduction continentale a l’initiation de la collision. Les mineralisations a Sb-Au du DCA sont precoces dans l’histoire Carbonifere de la chaine varisque armoricaine. Par consequent, la plupart des mineralisations du DCA ne sont pas associees a l’evenement hydrothermal mineralisateur tardi-Carbonifere, bien connu dans la chaine varisque europeenne, en particulier au sein des zones internes de la chaine tel que le Massif Central francais. Au-dela du fait que cet evenement hydrothemal a Sb-Au soit precoce, la mise en place d’un magmatisme mafique generalise dans la croute superieure du DCA est synchrone avec les mineralisations a Sb-Au et apparait comme un parametre essentiel dans la mobilisation de circulations de fluides mineralisateurs advectifs.A plus grande echelle, la mise en place d’un magmatisme mafique couplee a la circulation de fluides hydrothermaux a Sb-Au met en lumiere et ameliore nos connaissances sur les processus hydrothermaux, magmatiques et tectoniques d’echelle lithospherique gouvernant l’hydrothermalisme porteur de metaux. Par consequent, ces resultats ouvrent de nouvelles perspectives pour l’exploration miniere, notamment dans la recherche de nouveaux gisements d'antimoine et d'or au sein de la chaine varisque europeenne.
Medicinal Chemistry Research Synthesis and in Vitro Evaluation of Novel Triazole/azide Chalcones

A series of 30 novel triazole/azide chalcone derivatives were synthesized by Claisen-Schmidt and Cu(I)-catalyzed cycloaddition reactions. The antiproliferative activity of each compound was evaluated against HeLa, RKO-AS45-1 and Wi-26VA4 cell lines. Terminal deox-ynucleotidyl transferase dUTP nick end labeling assays indicated that compounds 4j and 5j significantly reduced the HeLa and RKO-AS45-1cell populations compared to the controls. The relative expression of the TP53 gene revealed changes in both cell lines after exposure to compounds 5j and 4j. The increased expression of the TP53 gene suggests a cellular attempt to repair DNA damage and indicates these triazole/azide chalcone derivatives as promising anticancer agents.
Potential glacial‐interglacial changes in stable carbon isotope ratios of methane sources and sink fractionation

Past atmospheric methane emissions can be constrained by δ13CH4 records from ice cores only if changes to source δ13CH4 signatures and sink isotope effects with varying environmental and climatic conditions are accurately known. We present reconstructions of such changes based on paleodata and recent systems observations. The results are specific for budget scenarios and are reported here for two alternative types of budgets, one including aerobic methane emissions (AMP) from plants and the other type without AMP. Shifting atmospheric δ13CO2 potentially led to 13CH4 enrichment by 0.8‰ in the preindustrial Holocene (PIH) (∼150–11,000 years (a) B.P.) and ∼0.3–0.6‰ at the Last Glacial Maximum (LGM) (∼18,000 a B.P.) relative to today. Differing distribution of C3 and C4 plant precursor material may account for 13CH4 enrichment of ∼0.4‰ (PIH) and ∼0.6–1.1‰ (LGM). Temperature‐dependent fractionation and varying methanogenic pathways in wetlands may lead to atmospheric 13CH4 depletion by ∼0.1–1.2‰. Sink fractionation today (7.4‰) is higher than during the PIH (∼7.0‰) and the LGM (∼5.7‰). The cumulative effect of all processes is ∼0.8‰ 13CH4 enrichment in the PIH and ∼1–1.2‰ 13CH4 depletion at the LGM. Budget reconstructions will be inaccurate if these changes are not included.
Increasing Mobility of High Arctic Sea Ice Increases Marine Hazards Off the East Coast of Newfoundland

Heavy ice conditions along Canada's east coast during spring 2017 presented hazardous conditions for the maritime industry and required the Canadian Coast Guard to pull its research icebreaker, CCGS Amundsen, off its scientific cruise to provide ice escort services and conduct search and rescue operations along Newfoundland's northeast coast. Greater ice concentrations and a thicker ice pack than are typical of this area created the anomalous ice cover. Within this paper we present in situ observations of the ice cover, confirming that pieces of multiyear sea ice from the high Arctic were present within the ice cover, and subsequently examine the transport pathway that connects the export of thick multiyear sea ice from the Lincoln Sea and Canadian Arctic Archipelago to coastal communities in Newfoundland. We conclude with a discussion on how an increasingly mobile Arctic sea ice cover may increase these ice hazards in the south.
Leveraging cancer mutation data to predict the pathogenicity of germline missense variants

Background: Innovative and easy-to-implement strategies are needed to improve the pathogenicity assessment of rare germline missense variants. Somatic cancer driver mutations identified through large-scale tumor sequencing studies often impact genes that are also associated with rare Mendelian disorders. The use of cancer mutation data to aid in the interpretation of germline missense variants, regardless of whether the gene is associated with a hereditary cancer predisposition syndrome or a non-cancer-related developmental disorder, has not been systematically assessed. Methods: We extracted putative cancer driver missense mutations from the Cancer Hotspots database and annotated them as germline variants, including presence/absence and classification in ClinVar. We trained two supervised learning models (logistic regression and random forest) to predict variant classifications of germline missense variants in ClinVar using Cancer Hotspot data (training dataset). The performance of each model was evaluated with an independent test dataset generated in part from searching public and private genome-wide sequencing datasets from ~1.5 million individuals. Results: Of the 2,447 cancer mutations, 691 corresponding germline variants had been previously classified in ClinVar: 426 (61.6%) as likely pathogenic/pathogenic, 261 (37.8%) as uncertain significance, and 4 (0.6%) as likely benign/benign. The odds ratio for a likely pathogenic/pathogenic classification in ClinVar was 28.3 (95% confidence interval: 24.2-33.1, p < 0.001), compared with all other germline missense variants in the same 216 genes. Both supervised learning models showed high correlation with pathogenicity assessments in the training dataset. There was high area under precision-recall curve values of 0.847 and 0.829 for logistic regression and random forest models, respectively, when applied to the test dataset. Conclusion: Cancer mutation data can be leveraged to improve the interpretation of germline missense variation potentially causing rare Mendelian disorders.
Alcohol Exposure Induces Nucleolar Stress and Apoptosis in Mouse Neural Stem Cells and Late-Term Fetal Brain

Prenatal alcohol exposure (PAE) is a leading cause of neurodevelopmental disability through its induction of neuronal growth dysfunction through incompletely understood mechanisms. Ribosome biogenesis regulates cell cycle progression through p53 and the nucleolar cell stress response. Whether those processes are targeted by alcohol is unknown. Pregnant C57BL/6J mice received 3 g alcohol/kg daily at E8.5–E17.5. Transcriptome sequencing was performed on the E17.5 fetal cortex. Additionally, primary neural stem cells (NSCs) were isolated from the E14.5 cerebral cortex and exposed to alcohol to evaluate nucleolar stress and p53/MDM2 signaling. Alcohol suppressed KEGG pathways involving ribosome biogenesis (rRNA synthesis/processing and ribosomal proteins) and genes that are mechanistic in ribosomopathies (Polr1d, Rpl11; Rpl35; Nhp2); this was accompanied by nucleolar dissolution and p53 stabilization. In primary NSCs, alcohol reduced rRNA synthesis, caused nucleolar loss, suppressed proliferation, stabilized nuclear p53, and caused apoptosis that was prevented by dominant-negative p53 and MDM2 overexpression. Alcohol’s actions were dose-dependent and rapid, and rRNA synthesis was suppressed between 30 and 60 min following alcohol exposure. The alcohol-mediated deficits in ribosomal protein expression were correlated with fetal brain weight reductions. This is the first report describing that pharmacologically relevant alcohol levels suppress ribosome biogenesis, induce nucleolar stress in neuronal populations, and involve the ribosomal/MDM2/p53 pathway to cause growth arrest and apoptosis. This represents a novel mechanism of alcohol-mediated neuronal damage.
Stability, Content of Bioactive Compounds and Antioxidant Activity of Emulsions with Propolis Extracts during Simulated In Vitro Digestion

The objective in this work was the evaluation of the stability and content of bioactive compounds (total phenols and total flavonoids) and antioxidant activity of emulsions of ethanolic extracts of propolis obtained by ultrasound, during simulated in vitro digestion. The emulsions prepared with propolis extracts were evaluated on certain properties: their emulsion efficiency, stability (zeta potential, particle size, electrical conductivity), content of bioactive compound (total phenolics and total flavonoids), antioxidant activity and their behavior during simulated in vitro digestion. Based on the total phenol content, an emulsification efficiency of 87.8 ± 1.9% to 97.8 ± 3.8% was obtained. The particle size of the emulsions was 322.5 ± 15.33 nm to 463.9 ± 33.65 nm, with a zeta potential of −31.5 ± 0.66 mV to −28.2 ± 1.0 mV and electrical conductivity of 22.7 ± 1.96 µS/cm to 30.6 ± 0.91 µS/cm. These results indicate good emulsion stability. During simulated in vitro digestion, the content of bioactive compounds (total phenolics, total flavonoids) and antioxidant activity were affected during 77 days of storage at 4 °C. It was concluded that the emulsion process fulfills the function of protecting the bioactive compounds and therefore their biological activity.
The Role of Polyphenols in Modulating PON1 Activity Regarding Endothelial Dysfunction and Atherosclerosis

The incidence and prevalence of cardiovascular diseases are still rising. The principal mechanism that drives them is atherosclerosis, an affection given by dyslipidemia and a pro-inflammatory state. Paraoxonase enzymes have a protective role due to their ability to contribute to antioxidant and anti-inflammatory pathways, especially paraoxonase 1 (PON1). PON1 binds with HDL (high-density lipoprotein), and high serum levels lead to a protective state against dyslipidemia, cardiovascular diseases, diabetes, stroke, nonalcoholic fatty liver disease, and many others. Modulating PON1 expression might be a treatment objective with significant results in limiting the prevalence of atherosclerosis. Lifestyle including diet and exercise can raise its levels, and some beneficial plants have been found to influence PON1 levels; therefore, more studies on herbal components are needed. Our purpose is to highlight the principal roles of Praoxonase 1, its implications in dyslipidemia, cardiovascular diseases, stroke, and other diseases, and to emphasize plants that can modulate PON1 expression, targeting the potential of some flavonoids that could be introduced as supplements in our diet and to validate the hypothesis that flavonoids have any effects regarding PON1 function.
Ubiquitin specific protease 38 aggravates pathological cardiac remodeling by stabilizing phospho-TBK1

Chronic pressure overload can cause pathological cardiac remodeling and eventually heart failure. The ubiquitin specific protease (USP) family proteins play a prominent role in regulating substrate protein degradation and cardiac structural and functional homeostasis. Although USP38 is expressed in the heart, uncertainty exists regarding the function of USP38 in pathological cardiac remodeling. We constructed and generated cardiac specific USP38 knockout mice and cardiac specific USP38 overexpression mice to assess the role of USP38 in pathological cardiac remodeling. Furthermore, we used co-immunoprecipitation (Co-IP) assays and western blot analysis to identify the molecular interaction events. Here, we reported that the expression of USP38 is significantly elevated under a hypertrophic condition in vivo and in vitro. USP38 deletion significantly mitigates cardiomyocyte enlargement in vitro and hypertrophic effect induced by pressure overload, while overexpression of USP38 markedly aggravates cardiac hypertrophy and remodeling. Mechanistically, USP38 interacts with TANK-binding kinase 1 (TBK1) and removes K48-linked polyubiquitination of TBK1, stabilizing p-TBK1 and promoting the activation of its downstream mediators. Overexpression of TBK1 in the heart of cardiac specific USP38 knockout mice partially counteracts the benefit of USP38 deletion on pathological cardiac remodeling. The TBK1 inhibitor Amlexanox significantly alleviates pressure overload induced-cardiac hypertrophy and myocardial fibrosis in mice with USP38 overexpression. Our results demonstrate that USP38 serves as a positive regulator of pathological cardiac remodeling and suggest that targeting the USP38-TBK1 axis is a promising treatment strategy for hypertrophic heart failure.
An NLP-based novel approach for assessing national influence in clause dissemination across bilateral investment treaties

International investment agreements (IIAs) promote foreign investment. However, they can undermine crucial health programs, creating a dilemma for governments between corporate and public health interests. For this reason, including clauses that safeguard health has become an essential practice in IIAs. According to the current literature, some countries have played a pivotal role in leading this inclusion, while others follow the former ones. However, the existing literature needs a unique approach that can quantify the influence strength of a country in disseminating clauses that explicitly mention health provisions to others. Following an NLP (Natural Language Processing)-based text similarity analysis of Bilateral Investment Treaties (BITs), this study proposes a metric, ‘Influence’ (INF), which provides insights into the role of different countries or regions in the propagation of IIA texts among BITs. We demonstrate a comprehensive application of this metric using a large agreement dataset. Our findings from this application corroborate the evidence in the current literature, supporting the validity of the proposed metric. According to the INF, Germany, Canada, and Brazil emerged as the most influential players in defensive, neutral, and offensive health mentions, respectively. These countries wield substantial bargaining power in international investment law and policy, and their innovative approaches to BITs set a path for others to follow. These countries provide crucial insights into the direction and sources of influence of international investment regulations to safeguard health. The proposed metric holds substantial usage for policymakers and investors. This can help them identify vital global countries in IIA text dissemination and create new policy guidelines to safeguard health while balancing economic development and public health protection. A software tool based on the proposed INF measure can be found at https://inftool.com/.
SARS-CoV2 evokes structural brain changes resulting in declined executive function

Background Several research has underlined the multi-system character of COVID-19. Though effects on the Central Nervous System are mainly discussed as disease-specific affections due to the virus’ neurotropism, no comprehensive disease model of COVID-19 exists on a neurofunctional base by now. We aimed to investigate neuroplastic grey- and white matter changes related to COVID-19 and to link these changes to neurocognitive testings leading towards a multi-dimensional disease model. Methods Groups of acutely ill COVID-19 patients (n = 16), recovered COVID-19 patients (n = 21) and healthy controls (n = 13) were prospectively included into this study. MR-imaging included T1-weighted sequences for analysis of grey matter using voxel-based morphometry and diffusion-weighted sequences to investigate white matter tracts using probabilistic tractography. Comprehensive neurocognitive testing for verbal and non-verbal domains was performed. Results Alterations strongly focused on grey matter of the frontal—basal ganglia—thalamus network and temporal areas, as well as fiber tracts connecting these areas. In acute COVID-19 patients, a decline of grey matter volume was found with an accompanying diminution of white matter tracts. A decline in executive function and especially verbal fluency was found in acute patients, partially persisting in recovered. Conclusion Changes in gray matter volume and white matter tracts included mainly areas involved in networks of executive control and language. Deeper understanding of these alterations is necessary especially with respect to long-term impairments, often referred to as ‘Post-COVID’.