Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Horizons d'investissement des actionnaires

Cet article* propose une revue de litterature comprehensive des horizons d’investissement des actionnaires, duree pendant laquelle un investisseur conserve sa participation dans une entreprise. A partir des resultats obtenus par la litterature academique, l’article discute des raisons de l’heterogeneite des horizons d’investissement, analyse leurs consequences theoriques sur la performance des entreprises, et expose les resultats empiriques recents les concernant. L’article conclut sur l’analyse de leurs impacts en termes de pratique manageriale, notamment sur la difficulte de gerer la structure de l’actionnariat d’une entreprise.
Exposure to Seasonal Temperatures during the Last Month of Gestation and the Risk of Preterm Birth in Stockholm

Recent evidence from studies performed mainly in warm climates suggests an association between exposure to extreme temperatures late in pregnancy and an increased risk of preterm delivery. However, there have been fewer studies on the effect of low temperatures. The aim of this study is to explore the potential association between both heat and cold during late pregnancy and an increased risk of preterm birth in the northern location of Stockholm, Sweden. All singleton spontaneous births that took place in greater Stockholm (1998–2006) were included. Non-linear and delayed effects of mean temperature on the risk of preterm birth were explored through distributed lag non-linear models. Extreme and moderate heat and cold were estimated separately through quasi-Poisson regression analysis in two seasonal periods (heat in warm season, cold in cold season). The risk of preterm birth increased by 4%–5% when the mean temperature reached the 75th percentile (moderate heat) four weeks earlier (reference: the annual median value), with a maximum cumulative risk ratio of 2.50 (95% confidence interval: 1.02–6.15). Inconsistent associations were obtained for cold and extreme heat. Exposure to moderately high temperatures during late pregnancy might be associated with an increase in risk of preterm birth in Stockholm.
The Effect of Low Dose Iron and Zinc Intake on Child Micronutrient Status and Development during the First 1000 Days of Life: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Adequate supply of micronutrients during the first 1000 days is essential for normal development and healthy life. We aimed to investigate if interventions administering dietary doses up to the recommended nutrient intake (RNI) of iron and zinc within the window from conception to age 2 years have the potential to influence nutritional status and development of children. To address this objective, a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized and quasi-randomized fortification, biofortification, and supplementation trials in women (pregnant and lactating) and children (6–23 months) delivering iron or zinc in doses up to the recommended nutrient intake (RNI) levels was conducted. Supplying iron or zinc during pregnancy had no effects on birth outcomes. There were limited or no data on the effects of iron/zinc during pregnancy and lactation on child iron/zinc status, growth, morbidity, and psychomotor and mental development. Delivering up to 15 mg iron/day during infancy increased mean hemoglobin by 4 g/L (p < 0.001) and mean serum ferritin concentration by 17.6 µg/L (p < 0.001) and reduced the risk for anemia by 41% (p < 0.001), iron deficiency by 78% (ID; p < 0.001) and iron deficiency anemia by 80% (IDA; p < 0.001), but had no effect on growth or psychomotor development. Providing up to 10 mg of additional zinc during infancy increased plasma zinc concentration by 2.03 µmol/L (p < 0.001) and reduced the risk of zinc deficiency by 47% (p < 0.001). Further, we observed positive effects on child weight for age z-score (WAZ) (p < 0.05), weight for height z-score (WHZ) (p < 0.05), but not on height for age z-score (HAZ) or the risk for stunting, wasting, and underweight. There are no studies covering the full 1000 days window and the effects of iron and zinc delivered during pregnancy and lactation on child outcomes are ambiguous, but low dose daily iron and zinc use during 6–23 months of age has a positive effect on child iron and zinc status.
El modelo híbrido de clasificación de los trastornos de la personalidad en el DSM-5: un análisis crítico

espanolUn trastorno de personalidad puede considerarse como un patron generalizado de conductas, cogniciones y afectos que es inflexible, comienza en la adolescencia o al inicio de la vida adulta, es estable en el tiempo y genera estres o dano psicologico. El enfoque actual de los trastornos de personalidad (TP) figura en la Seccion II del DSM-5 y no registra cambios respecto al DSM-IV, excepto que han sido removidos del antiguo Eje II del DSM-IV e incluidos en la clasificacion central de los trastornos. Sin embargo, se presenta en la Seccion III un modelo alternativo para estudios posteriores que tiene como objetivo hacer frente a las deficiencias planteadas por el modelo actual categorial de los TP. La idea subyacente es que los TP constituyen una version extrema de los rasgos de personalidad existentes en todas las personas. En este enfoque los TP se caracterizan por danos en el funcionamiento de la personalidad (ambitos de la identidad, autodireccion, empatia e intimidad) y por factores de personalidad patologicos (afectividad negativa, desapego, antagonismo, desinhibicion y psicoticismo). Las categorias diagnosticas derivadas de este modelo incluyen solo los TP antisocial, evitativo, limite, narcisista, obsesivo-compulsivo y esquizotipico. Este enfoque hibrido para el diagnostico de los TP es complejo y requiere mayor evidencia empirica para ser incorporado a la practica clinica. Se incluyen asimismo las propuestas del borrador de la CIE-11 para los TP, basadas fundamentalmente en los grados de gravedad y en los rasgos de personalidad dominantes. EnglishA personality disorder can be considered to be a generalized pattern of behaviors, cognitions, and emotions that is enduring, begins in adolescence or early adulthood, remains stable over time, and generates stress or psychological damage. The current focus on personality disorders (PDs) is found in Section II of DSM-5 and is unchanged compared to DSM-IV, except that the PDs were removed from the former Axis II of the DSM-IV and included in the central classification of disorders. However, an alternative model for further study is presented in Section III that aims to address the deficiencies in the current categorical model of PDs. The underlying idea is that PDs are an extreme version of the personality traits that everyone has. According to this approach, PDs are characterized by impaired personality functioning (areas of identity, self-direction, empathy, and intimacy) and pathological personality factors (negative affectivity, detachment, antagonism, disinhibition, and psychoticism). The diagnostic categories derived from this model include only antisocial, avoidant, borderline, narcissistic, obsessive-compulsive, and schizotypal PDs. This hybrid approach to the diagnosis of PDs is complex and requires more empirical evidence before it can be incorporated into clinical practice. The proposals of the draft ICD-11 for PDs, which are based primarily on severity and dominant personality traits, are also included.
Linear computational complexity design of constrained optimal ILC

In this paper we present a linear computational complexity framework for design and implementation of (constrained) lifted Iterative Learning Control (ILC) systems with quadratic cost. The problem of designing constrained lifted ILC with quadratic cost is formulated as a convex optimization problem. We solve this problem using the primal-dual interior point method. High computational complexity of the primal-dual method, which render this method computationally infeasible for high dimensional lifted ILC systems, is significantly decreased by exploiting the sequentially semi-separable (SSS) structure of lifted system matrices. More precisely, O(N3) computational cost of one iteration of the primal-dual method is reduced to O(N), where N characterizes the size of the lifted system matrices. Furthermore, by exploiting the SSS structure the large lifted system matrices can be efficiently stored in computer memory. We also show that SSS structure can be exploited to efficiently implement analytical solution of the unconstrained lifted ILC problem with quadratic cost and for calculation of the norm and stability radius of ILC system.
Maternal High-Fat Feeding Increases Placental Lipoprotein Lipase Activity by Reducing SIRT1 Expression in Mice

This study investigated how maternal overnutrition and obesity regulate expression and activation of proteins that facilitate lipid transport in the placenta. To create a maternal overnutrition and obesity model, primiparous C57BL/6 mice were fed a high-fat (HF) diet throughout gestation. Fetuses from HF-fed dams had significantly increased serum levels of free fatty acid and body fat. Despite no significant difference in placental weight, lipoprotein lipase (LPL) protein levels and activity were remarkably elevated in placentas from HF-fed dams. Increased triglyceride content and mRNA levels of CD36, VLDLr, FABP3, FABPpm, and GPAT2 and -3 were also found in placentas from HF-fed dams. Although both peroxisome proliferator–activated receptor-γ (PPARγ) and CCAAT/enhancer binding protein-α protein levels were significantly increased in placentas of the HF group, only PPARγ exhibited a stimulative effect on LPL expression in cultured JEG-3 human trophoblasts. Maternal HF feeding remarkably decreased SIRT1 expression in placentas. Through use of an SIRT1 activator and inhibitor and cultured trophoblasts, an inhibitory effect of SIRT1 on LPL expression was demonstrated. We also found that SIRT1 suppresses PPARγ expression in trophoblasts. Most importantly, inhibition of PPARγ abolished the SIRT1-mediated regulatory effect on LPL expression. Together, these results indicate that maternal overnutrition induces LPL expression in trophoblasts by reducing the inhibitory effect of SIRT1 on PPARγ.
Real-time Reflective and Refractive Novel-view Synthesis

We extend novel-view image synthesis from the common diffuse and opaque image formation model to the reflective and refractive case. Our approach uses a ray tree of RGBZ images, where each node contains one RGB light path which is to be warped differently depending on the depth Z and the type of path. Core of our approach are two efficient procedures for reflective and refractive warping. Different from the diffuse and opaque case, no simple direct solution exists for general geometry. Instead, a per-pixel optimization in combination with informed initial guesses warps an HD image with reflections and refractions in 18 ms on a current mobile GPU. The key application is latency avoidance in remote rendering in particular for head-mounted displays. Other applications are single-pass stereo or multi-view, motion blur and depth-of-field rendering as well as their combinations.
Detoxication Enzymes and Chemoprevention

Abstract Detoxication enzymes protect cells from a wide variety of xenobiotics and endogenous toxins. Current data suggest that the balance between the Phase I carcinogen-activating enzymes and the Phase II detoxifying enzymes is critical to determining an individual's risk for cancer. Human deficiencies in Phase II enzyme activity, specifically glutathione-S-transferase (GST), have been identified and associated with increased risk for colon cancer. The increased frequency of the GST M1 null genotype among individuals with primarily smoking-related cancers has been documented. Induction of Phase II enzymes by naturally occurring or synthetic agents represents a promising strategy for cancer prevention. Both the required characteristics of potential chemopreventive agents and the role of the antioxidant response element in the monofunctional induction of Phase II enzymes have been discussed. The synthetic dithiolthione oltipraz induces a battery of Phase II enzymes and inhibits chemically induced tumors in a variety of target organs. Its ability to induce Phase II enzymes in human colon tissue and blood lymphocytes has been reported. Other promising inducers with chemopreventive activity include the isothiocyanates and polyphenols. These data collectively support the future development of Phase II enzyme inducers as clinical chemopreventive agents.
Applying the choice/no‐choice methodology: the case of children’s strategy use in spelling

The present study illustrates the usefulness of the choice/no-choice method to investigate age-related changes in children's strategies. This method enables independent assessments of strategy use and execution. It is applied in children's spelling strategies. Third- and fifth-grade children were asked to write down words using a dictionary or not (choice condition). Then, they were successively required to spell words using each strategy (no-choice condition). Performance showed that (a) strategy choices and accuracy differed in younger and older children, (b) strategy eft effectiveness was the strongest predictor of children's strategy use, and (c) having the choice resulted in higher level of spelling accuracy (especially in older children) than having no choice. We discuss the implications of these results on how the choice/no-choice method can be useful for understanding and investigating children's strategy choices in spelling and other cognitive domains.
A Novel Antimycobacterial Compound Acts as an Intracellular Iron Chelator

ABSTRACT Efficient iron acquisition is crucial for the pathogenesis of Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Mycobacterial iron uptake and metabolism are therefore attractive targets for antitubercular drug development. Resistance mutations against a novel pyrazolopyrimidinone compound (PZP) that is active against M. tuberculosis have been identified within the gene cluster encoding the ESX-3 type VII secretion system. ESX-3 is required for mycobacterial iron acquisition through the mycobactin siderophore pathway, which could indicate that PZP restricts mycobacterial growth by targeting ESX-3 and thus iron uptake. Surprisingly, we show that ESX-3 is not the cellular target of the compound. We demonstrate that PZP indeed targets iron metabolism; however, we found that instead of inhibiting uptake of iron, PZP acts as an iron chelator, and we present evidence that the compound restricts mycobacterial growth by chelating intrabacterial iron. Thus, we have unraveled the unexpected mechanism of a novel antimycobacterial compound.
Pour une contribution du management stratégique à l’écologie industrielle

Officiellement nee dans les annees 1990, l’ecologie industrielle considere les dechetsgeneres par les uns comme des matieres premieres pour les autres. Elle s’est progressivement imposee au sein de la communaute academique mais egalement aupres des entreprises et des pouvoirs publics. Si la necessite de mobiliser les sciences humaines dans les recherches sur l’ecologie industrielle est reconnue (Boons et Baas, 2006), le chercheur en strategie est rarement represente. Cette communication entend souligner les contributions potentielles du management strategique au champ de l’ecologie industrielle et esquisse un agenda de recherche.
Coordination in CPG and its Application on Bipedal Walking

Research of bipedal walking has been motivated by its great flexible in rough terrain walking, as well as its benefits to prosthesis development. This paper aims to achieve coordination of central pattern generator (CPG) and asymptotically stable walking behavior. CPG is always referred as several oscillators with coupled mutual inhibition. In this paper, the oscillator model proposed by Matsuoka was used. We use output difference between two oscillators as the feedback to adjust the output of the target oscillator. Further exploration achieves to coordinate multiple oscillators with different frequencies. To verify the method, we demonstrate a 3D robust walking controlled by a simple CPG structure with several oscillators.
Enumeration of antigenic sites of influenza virus hemagglutinin

The antigenic sites on the hemagglutinin of X-31 (H3) influenza virus have been defined by using a competitive radioimmunoassay with a panel of monoclonal antibodies which includes those known to select variants with substitutions of particular amino acids. The capacity of each monoclonal antibody to block the binding of other radioiodinated monoclones to purified hemagglutinin permitted classification of the panel into four separate groups, each of which defined a particular antigenic site on the hemagglutinin molecule. Three of these are located on the polypeptide backbone and correspond to the "hinge," the "loop," and the "tip/interface" of the X-ray crystallographic model of Wiley et al. (Nature [London] 289:373-378, 1981). Nonreciprocal blocking of certain anti-interface antibodies by anti-loop antibody suggests that much of the exposed surface of the head of the hemagglutinin molecule extending from the loop to the interface may be a continuum of epitopes. A fourth antigenic site is carbohydrate in nature, presumably situated on the antigenic oligosaccharide side chains. These four domains are in addition to two antigenic sites defined by monoclonal antibodies that inhibit neither hemagglutination nor infectivity (Breschkin et al., Virology 113:130-140, 1981;' Yewdell et al., Nature [London] 279:246-248, 1979).
Multilevel Approaches to Documenting Change: Challenges in Community-Based Educational Research.

Increasing availability of funds for development, design, and evaluation of alternative learning environments has challenged educational researchers to develop and validate innovative and effective interventions. The focus on accountability has resulted in an accelerated effort to record events, activities, and participation in substantive ways that suggest significance, statistical and otherwise, and that warrant further program improvements and modification. Yet, relying on traditional individual standardized measuresFones that are specifically designed to discriminate among students and that are better suited to the study of controlled experiments in laboratories rather than the sporadic and often spontaneous interactions common to learning settings in and out of schoolFleaves educational researchers generally ill equipped. Even as alternative educational programs are financially supported, the sanctioned means with which researchers and program developers document success of all educational programs have progressively narrowed, favoring traditional experimental designs with an emphasis on whether it works rather than on understanding why the program is successful. In this article, we used a multimethod, multilevel analysis to document the underlying dynamics of specific alternative learning contexts to identify generalizable principles while allowing for local variation.
Topical Topiramate Improves Wound Healing in an Animal Model of Hyperglycemia

Wound healing is severely affected in hyperglycemia and other metabolic conditions. Finding new therapeutic approaches that accelerate wound healing and improve the quality of the scar may reduce the morbidity commonly associated with skin lesions in diabetes. This study evaluated the effect of topical topiramate (TPM) on wound healing in C57 mice. Streptozotocin-induced hyperglycemic mice were subjected to a wound on the back and randomly allocated for treatment with either vehicle or topical TPM cream (2%) once a day for 14 days. Polymerase chain reaction, Western blotting, and microscopy were performed for the analysis. TPM improved wound healing (complete resolution at Day 10, 98% ± 5 for TPM vs. 81% ± 28 for vehicle), increased organization and deposition of collagen Type I, and enhanced the quality of the scars as determined by microscopy. In addition, TPM modulated the expression of cytokines and proteins of the insulin-signaling pathway: In early wound-healing stages, expression of interleukin-10, an anti-inflammatory marker, increased, whereas at the late phase, the pro-inflammatory markers tumor necrosis factor-α and monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 increased and there was increased expression of a vascular endothelial growth factor. Proteins of the insulin-signaling pathway were stimulated in the late wound-healing phase. Topical TPM improves the quality of wound healing in an animal model of hyperglycemia. The effect of TPM is accompanied by modulation of inflammatory and growth factors and proteins of the insulin-signaling pathway. Therefore, topical TPM presents as a potential therapeutic agent in skin wounds in patients with hyperglycemia.
Effects of inspiratory muscle training on time-trial performance in trained cyclists

We evaluated the effects of specific inspiratory muscle training on simulated time-trial performance in trained cyclists. Using a double-blind, placebo-controlled design, 16 male cyclists (VO 2max = 64 - 2 ml·kg -1 ·min -1 ; mean - sx ¥ ) were assigned at random to either an experimental (pressure-threshold inspiratory muscle training) or sham-training control (placebo) group. Pulmonary function, maximum dynamic inspiratory muscle function and the physiological and perceptual responses to maximal incremental cycling were assessed. Simulated time-trial performance (20 and 40 km) was quantified as the time to complete pre-set amounts of work. Pulmonary function was unchanged after the intervention, but dynamic inspiratory muscle function improved in the inspiratory muscle training group ( P h 0.05). After the intervention, the inspiratory muscle training group experienced a reduction in the perception of respiratory and peripheral effort (Borg CR10: 16 - 4% and 18 - 4% respectively; compared with placebo, P h 0.01) and completed the simulated 20 and 40 km time-trials faster than the placebo group [66 - 30 and 115 - 38 s (3.8 - 1.7% and 4.6 - 1.9%) faster respectively; P = 0.025 and 0.009]. These results support evidence that specific inspiratory muscle training attenuates the perceptual response to maximal incremental exercise. Furthermore, they provide evidence of performance enhancements in competitive cyclists after inspiratory muscle training.
Nasal colonization with methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus associated with elevated homocysteine levels in the general US adults

Abstract Given the emergence of community-acquired methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) as a global health threat, understanding the risk factors for MRSA infection in the community may be a reasonable strategy to prevent it. We investigated the associations between serum homocysteine levels and prevalence of nasal colonization with S aureus and MRSA among United States adults. We conducted a cross-sectional analysis of a nationally representative sample of 7832 adults (20 years or older). The main outcome variables were nasal colonization with S aureus and MRSA. Percentages of colonization with S aureus and MRSA were calculated by the quartiles of serum homocysteine. A total of 7832 of 2051 subjects (26.2%) were culture positive for S aureus, 98 (4.8%) of whom had nasal colonization with MRSA. In comparison with subjects having the lowest serum homocysteine, the odds of nasal colonization with MRSA were significantly higher in those with the highest homocysteine (odds ratio, 3.09; 95% confidence interval, 1.11–8.61) in multivariate analysis, adjusted for all confounding variables. By contrast, homocysteine elevation was not significantly associated with S aureus colonization. Nasal colonization with MRSA in the general community was significantly associated with increases in serum homocysteine levels.