Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Superfluid instability of r-modes in

Superfluid hydrodynamics affects the spin-evolution of mature neutron stars, and may be key to explaining timing irregularities such as pulsar glitches. However, most models for this phenomenon exclude the global instability required to trigger the event. In this paper we discuss a mechanism that may fill this gap. We establish that small scale inertial r-modes become unstable in a superfluid neutron star that exhibits a rotational lag, expected to build up due to vortex pinning as the star spins down. Somewhat counterintuitively, this instability arises due to the (under normal circumstances dissipative) vortex-mediated mutual friction. We explore the nature of the superfluid instability for a simple incompressible model, allowing for entrainment coupling between the two fluid components. Our results recover a previously discussed dynamical instability in systems where the two components are strongly coupled. In addition, we demonstrate for the first time that the system is secularly unstable (with a growth time that scales with the mutual friction) throughout much of parameter space. Interestingly, large scale r-modes are also affected by this new aspect of the instability. We analyse the damping effect of shear viscosity, which should be particularly efficient at small scales, arguing that it will not be sufficient to completely suppress the instability in astrophysical systems.
G1/S Boundary Activates Interferon and Inflammatory Response Genes

Interferons (IFNs) have various roles in antiviral immunity, including curbing the immune system to prevent tissue damage and stimulating adaptive immunity. Due to its protective and destructive properties, IFN expression is tightly regulated. In contrast to its tight regulatory control, IFN expression is highly heterogeneous across many cell types upon pathogenic stimulus. The basis for this heterogenous IFN expression remains incompletely understood. Using single cell RNA-sequencing upon viral infection, we found that interferon expression is upregulated specifically in the late G1 phase of the cell cycle, and cell synchronization at the G1/S boundary boosts interferon expression. Furthermore, cell cycle arrest without any additional stimulus is sufficient to upregulate interferons and hundreds of other inflammatory response genes. Interferon upregulation at the G1/S boundary is cell type specific and not observed in non-immune cell types. Finally, we use ATAC-seq to identify potential transcription factors orchestrating this response. Together, these results uncover the cell cycle as a critical regulator of IFN expression in immune cells.
Differences in the activities of domain-swapped chimeras of two homologous GH57 glucanotransferases suggest that a glucan-binding DUF could influence donor substrate specificity

Five enzymes of the archaeal hyperthermophilic family of disproportionating GH57 4-α-glucanotransferases have been studied till date. Our focus here lies upon three homologous members of this family: (i) PfuAmyGT from Pyrococcus furiosus (PF0272), (ii) TonAmyGT from Thermococcus onnurenius (B6YUX8), and (iii) TliAmyGT (TLGT) from Thermococcus litoralis (O32462). The polypeptide chain of each of these enzymes is approximately 655 residues long, folded into three distinct domains (1, 2 and 3), and assembled into a homodimer. Domain 1 is a beta/alpha barrel containing an aspartate known to function as a catalytic nucleophile in TLGT. Domain 2 (which is helical) and domain 3 (made up of beta sheets) are thought to be domains of unknown function (or DUFs). In PfuAmyGT and TonAmyGT, we have recently identified a catalytically-important aspartate upon a loop in domain 2. In PfuAmyGT, we demonstrate the presence of two additional catalytically-important (glutamate) residues in domain 1, in a companion paper. In this paper, our focus lies upon domain 3 which hosts a second binding site (SBS) for a glucan, at its domain-domain interface with domain 2. Using strategies involving studies of both (a) domains (or pairs of contiguous domains) extracted from PfuAmyGT, and (b) chimeric three-domain enzymes recombining analogous domains between PfuAmyGT and TonAmyGT, we demonstrate that domain 3 determines the choice of the preferred glucan that acts as a donor in the glucan transfer reaction.
Functional Organization of Glycolytic Metabolon on Mitochondria

Glucose, the primary cellular energy source, is metabolized through glycolysis initiated by the rate-limiting enzyme Hexokinase (HK). In energy-demanding tissues like the brain, HK1 is the dominant isoform, primarily localized on mitochondria, crucial for efficient glycolysis-oxidative phosphorylation coupling and optimal energy generation. This study unveils a unique mechanism regulating HK1 activity, glycolysis, and the dynamics of mitochondrial coupling, mediated by the metabolic sensor enzyme O-GlcNAc transferase (OGT). OGT catalyzes reversible O-GlcNAcylation, a post-translational modification, influenced by glucose flux. Elevated OGT activity induces dynamic O-GlcNAcylation of HK1’s regulatory domain, subsequently promoting the assembly of the glycolytic metabolon on the outer mitochondrial membrane. This modification enhances HK1’s mitochondrial association, orchestrating glycolytic and mitochondrial ATP production. Mutations in HK1’s O-GlcNAcylation site reduce ATP generation, affecting synaptic functions in neurons. The study uncovers a novel pathway that bridges neuronal metabolism and mitochondrial function via OGT and the formation of the glycolytic metabolon, offering new prospects for tackling metabolic and neurological disorders.
Gender Roles and Practices in Natural Resource Management Among the Kilosa Maasai in Tanzania

This article empirically describes gender roles and practices in natural resource management among the pastoral Maasai society of Kilosa, Tanzania. Through a qualitative approach, a descriptive case study design was adopted to collect and analyse data using content analysis. Results show that gender roles and practice in land management is gender differentiated. There is a strong patriarchal system in Maasai societies that govern access to, and use of, land. Women have limited access/ownership to land and have to seek permission from men to use land. In this regard, the hardest hit are women who use land without having independent access or muscles for negotiating due to existing norms and values that license their exclusion. The article argues that unless customary practices are addressed, women issues will remain unchanged given the presence of a male-centred customary practice built on strong patriarchal system that side-lines women in land management.
University of Pennsylvania Scholarlycommons Hypotheses in Marketing Science: Literature Review and Publication Audit Recommended Citation Hypotheses in Marketing Science: Literature Review and Publication Audit Hypotheses in Marketing Science: Literature Review and Publication Audit

We examined three approaches to research in marketing: exploratory hypotheses, dominant hypothesis, and competing hypotheses. Our review of empirical studies on scientific methodology suggests that the use of a single dominant hypothesis lacks objectivity relative to the use of exploratory and competing hypotheses approaches. We then conducted a publication audit of over 1,700 empirical papers in six leading marketing journals during 1984-1999. Of these, 74% used the dominant hypothesis approach, while 13% used multiple competing hypotheses, and 13% were exploratory. Competing hypotheses were more commonly used for studying methods (25%) than models (17%) and phenomena (7%). Changes in the approach to hypotheses since 1984 have been modest; there was a slight decrease in the percentage of competing hypotheses to 11%, which is explained primarily by an increasing proportion of papers on phenomena. Of the studies based on hypothesis testing, only 11% described the conditions under which the hypotheses would apply, and dominant hypotheses were below competing hypotheses in this regard. Marketing scientists differed substantially in their opinions about what types of studies should be published and what was published. On average, they did not think dominant hypotheses should be used as often as they were, and they underestimated their use. Abstract We examined three approaches to research in marketing: exploratory hypotheses, dominant hypothesis, and competing hypotheses. Our review of empirical studies on scientific methodology suggests that the use of a single dominant hypothesis lacks objectivity relative to the use of exploratory and competing hypotheses approaches. We then conducted a publication audit of over 1,700 empirical papers in six leading marketing journals during 1984-1999. Of these, 74% used the dominant hypothesis approach, while 13 % used multiple competing hypotheses, and 13% were exploratory. Competing hypotheses were more commonly used for studying methods (25%) than models (17%) and phenomena (7%). Changes in the approach to hypotheses since 1984 have been modest; there was a slight decrease in the percentage of competing hypotheses to 11%, which is explained primarily by an increasing proportion of papers on phenomena. Of the studies based on hypothesis testing, only 11 % described the conditions under which the hypotheses would apply, and dominant hypotheses were below competing hypotheses in this regard. Marketing scientists differed substantially in their opinions about what types of studies should be published and what was published. On average, they did not think dominant hypotheses should be used as often as they were, and they …
Fine-grained network time synchronization using reference broadcasts

Recent advances in miniaturization and low-cost, low-power design have led to active research in large-scale networks of small, wireless, low-power sensors and actuators. Time synchronization is critical in sensor networks for diverse purposes including sensor data fusion, coordinated actuation, and power-efficient duty cycling. Though the clock accuracy and precision requirements are often stricter than in traditional distributed systems, strict energy constraints limit the resources available to meet these goals.We present Reference-Broadcast Synchronization, a scheme in which nodes send reference beacons to their neighbors using physical-layer broadcasts. A reference broadcast does not contain an explicit timestamp; instead, receivers use its arrival time as a point of reference for comparing their clocks. In this paper, we use measurements from two wireless implementations to show that removing the sender's nondeterminism from the critical path in this way produces high-precision clock agreement (1.85± 1.28μsec, using off-the-shelf 802.11 wireless Ethernet), while using minimal energy. We also describe a novel algorithm that uses this same broadcast property to federate clocks across broadcast domains with a slow decay in precision (3.68± 2.57μsec after 4 hops). RBS can be used without external references, forming a precise relative timescale, or can maintain microsecond-level synchronization to an external timescale such as UTC. We show a significant improvement over the Network Time Protocol (NTP) under similar conditions.
Religious imperatives as a correlate of the development of human potential and the economic capital of society

Abstract Subject and purpose of work: This article studies the role of religion in economic development. Even though it is obvious that religion plays a vital role in economic development because a healthy economy requires that all people view one another with dignity, there are still some questions which need to be answered like – why wealthier nations trend/tend to be less religious, and does economic development (as a matter of fact) cause individuals to become less religious in today’s world? Materials and methods: The research is based on universal methods of formal logic and scientific abstraction, basics of innovation science, investment science and institutional economics, systemic, structural-functional and synergetic approaches as well as information sources of the World Economic Forum. Results: The authors’ hypothesis about the influence of religion and religious values which stands behind rapid economic growth is shown to be substantiated. Conclusions: In conclusion, we can state that there is strong negative correlation between GDP per capita and the importance of religion in the state, but, on the other hand, in most societies religious values were the main push factor of economic growth.
The impact of frailty on prolonged hospitalization and mortality in elderly inpatients in Vietnam: a comparison between the frailty phenotype and the reported edmonton Frail scale

Aims: To investigate the impact of frailty on outcomes in older hospitalized patients, including prolonged length of stay and all-cause mortality 6 months after admission, using both the frailty phenotype and the Reported Edmonton Frail Scale (REFS). Patients and methods: This study is the follow-up phase of a study designed to investigate the prevalence of frailty and its impact on adverse outcomes in older hospitalized patients at the National Geriatric Hospital in Hanoi, Vietnam. Results: A total of 461 participants were included, with a mean age 76.2 ± 8.9 years, and 56.8% were female. The prevalence of frailty was 31.9% according to the REFS and 35.4% according to Fried’s criteria. The kappa coefficient was 0.57 (95% CI = 0.49–0.66) between the two frailty criteria in identifying frail and non-frail participants. There was a trend toward increasing the likelihood of prolonged hospitalization in participants with frailty defined by Fried’s criteria (adjusted OR = 1.49, 95% CI = 0.94–2.35) or by REFS (adjusted OR = 1.43, 95% CI = 0.89–2.29). During 6 months of follow-up, 210 were lost and 18/251 (7.2%) participants died. Mortality was higher in those with frailty defined by either Fried’s criteria or REFS. On multivariable survival analysis, adjusted HRs for mortality were 2.65 (95% CI = 1.02–6.89) for Fried’s criteria and 4.19 (95% CI = 1.59–10.99) for REFS. Conclusion: Fried’s frailty phenotype or REFS can be used as a screening tool to detect frailty in older inpatients in Vietnam and predict mortality. Frailty screening can help prioritize targeted frailty-tailored treatments, such as nutrition, early mobility and medication review, for these vulnerable patients to improve clinical outcomes.
Building capacity to adapt to climate change through local actor support : a case study of an informal settlement in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil

Climate change is expected to increase the frequency and intensity of the most severe weather-related hazards over the coming decades. The poor in developing countries are particularly susceptible to climate change, often living in informal or precarious settlements. In order to reduce the vulnerability in those areas and strengthen people´s capacities to adapt to climate change, there is a need for knowledge about the factors that determine people´s capacity to adapt to climate change. Particular attention should be paid to the extent to which support from local actors enable the environment for appropriate local adaptation. This study examines how the NGO Urban Solutions can better support adaptive capacity for the residents of Morro Vital Brazil, an informal settlement in Niteroi, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, where floods, heavy rains and landslides are frequent. The study thus explores how urban poor adapt to climate-related events at the household and community level, as well as how the adaption measures can be influenced by the support of local actors that work with the community. The information for the study was gathered through observations and semi-structured interviews with residents from Morro Vital Brazil, informal conversations with staff members from the NGO Urban Solutions and a literature review. The results shows that access to resources, knowledge, information and assistance from local actors can play significant roles in determining adaptive capacity. In addition, it demonstrates how the support from a local NGO can provide knowledge and information to people about climate change and help to facilitate knowledge sharing and joint learning experiences. It also suggests that the presence of a NGO in the study area was found to be a contributing factor to people´s adaptive capacity by increasing resilience at the household and community level. On this basis, it is conclude that assistance from a local actor may be linked to increase adaptive capacity and thus resilience.
EPLL: An Image Denoising Method Using a Gaussian Mixture Model Learned on a Large Set of Patches

The Expected Patch Log-Likelihood method, introduced by Zoran and Weiss, allows for whole image restoration using a patch-based prior (in the likelihood sense) for which a maximum a-posteriori (MAP) estimate can be calculated. The prior used is a Gaussian mixture model whose parameters are learned from a dataset of natural images. This article presents a detailed implementation of the algorithm in the context of denoising of images contaminated with white additive Gaussian noise. In addition, two possible extensions of the algorithm to handle color images are compared. Source Code The reviewed source code and documentation for this algorithm are available at the web page of this article1. Compilation and usage instructions are included in the README.txt file of the archive.
Early Prediction of Intensive Care Unit–Acquired Weakness Using Easily Available Parameters: A Prospective Observational Study

Introduction An early diagnosis of Intensive Care Unit–acquired weakness (ICU–AW) using muscle strength assessment is not possible in most critically ill patients. We hypothesized that development of ICU–AW can be predicted reliably two days after ICU admission, using patient characteristics, early available clinical parameters, laboratory results and use of medication as parameters. Methods Newly admitted ICU patients mechanically ventilated ≥2 days were included in this prospective observational cohort study. Manual muscle strength was measured according to the Medical Research Council (MRC) scale, when patients were awake and attentive. ICU–AW was defined as an average MRC score <4. A prediction model was developed by selecting predictors from an a–priori defined set of candidate predictors, based on known risk factors. Discriminative performance of the prediction model was evaluated, validated internally and compared to the APACHE IV and SOFA score. Results Of 212 included patients, 103 developed ICU–AW. Highest lactate levels, treatment with any aminoglycoside in the first two days after admission and age were selected as predictors. The area under the receiver operating characteristic curve of the prediction model was 0.71 after internal validation. The new prediction model improved discrimination compared to the APACHE IV and the SOFA score. Conclusion The new early prediction model for ICU–AW using a set of 3 easily available parameters has fair discriminative performance. This model needs external validation.
Metformin increases proliferative activity and 2 viability of multipotent stromal stem cells isolated 3 from adipose tissue derived from horses with equine 4 metabolic syndrome . 5 6

In this study we investigated the influence of metformin (MET) on proliferation and 27 viability of adipose-derived stromal cells isolated from horses (EqASC). We determined the effect 28 of metformin on cells metabolism in terms of mitochondrial metabolism and oxidative status. Our 29 purpose was to evaluate the metformin effect on cells derived from healthy horses (EqASCHE) and 30 individuals affected by equine metabolic syndrome (EqASCEMS). The cells were treated with 0.5 M 31 MET for 72 hours. The proliferative activity was evaluated based on the measurement of BrdU 32 incorporation during DNA synthesis, as well as population doubling time rate (PDT) and 33 distribution of EqASC in the cell cycle. The influence of metformin on EqASC viability was 34 determined in relation to apoptosis profile, mitochondrial membrane potential, oxidative stress 35 markers and BAX/BCL-2 mRNA ratio. Further we were interested whether metformin affects the 36 Wnt3a signalling pathway, thus we determined mRNA and protein level of WNT3A and β-catenin. 37 Finally, using two-tailed RT-qPCR method we investigated the expression of miR-16-5p, miR-21-5p, 38 miR-29a-3p, miR-140-3p and miR-145-5p. Obtained results indicate pro-proliferative and anti39 apoptotic effects of metformin on EqASC. MET significantly improved proliferation of EqASC, 40 which manifested as increased synthesis of DNA and lowered PDT value. Additionally, metformin 41 increased metabolism and viability of cells, which correlated with increased mitochondrial 42 membrane potential, reduced apoptosis and increased WNT3A/-catenin expression. Metformin 43 modulates the miRNA expression differently in EqASCHE and EqASCEMS. Metformin may be used 44 as a preconditioning agent stimulating proliferative activity and viability of EqASC. 45 Cells 2018, 7, x FOR PEER REVIEW 2 of 20
A DREAM challenge to build prediction models for short-term discontinuation of docetaxel in metastatic castration- resistant prostate cancer

Purpose Docetaxel has a demonstrated survival benefit for patients with metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer (mCRPC); however, 10% to 20% of patients discontinue docetaxel prematurely because of toxicity-induced adverse events, and the management of risk factors for toxicity remains a challenge. of Clinical trials for trials of the trial held for unbiased model evaluation. Challenge participants from around the trained models their predictions. separate teams Seven models with statistically similar area underprecision-recallcurves(Bayesfactor £ 3)outperformedallothermodels.Apostchallengeanalysisof risk prediction using these seven models revealed three patient subgroups: high risk, low risk, or discordant risk. Early discontinuation events were two times higher in the high-risk subgroup compared with the low-risk subgroup. Simulation studies demonstrated that use of patient discontinuation prediction models could reduce patient enrollment in clinical trials the loss of statistical power. open clinical trial data. Our results that routinely collected clinical features can be used to identify patients with mCRPC who are likely to discontinue treatment because of adverse events and establishes a robust benchmark with implications for clinical trial design.