Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Visual anomaly detection under temporal and spatial non-uniformity for news finding robot

In this paper, we propose a news-gathering mobile robot system, and the novel visual anomaly detection method as the core function of news detection in the real world. Visual anomaly detection is important and widely applicable not only to the news-gathering robot but also to the security systems. However, visual anomaly detection from the mobile robot is highly challenging, because the appearances of images captured by the moving robot are dynamically changing. In consequence, the number of observed images at the same location becomes small, and the sampling interval of those images is not constant. To tackle this problem, we developed a new method to incorporate many samples observed at different locations as previous knowledge, which implicitly represent semantically similar to the intended location. Also, we developed a new statistical model, which explicitly considers sampling interval of input images, whereas conventional methods ignore correlation among samples. Experimental results demonstrate that our method outperforms conventional methods, and our mobile robot system including the proposed method finds, investigates, and publishes news of a local community of the real world.
Analysis of the upstream regions governing expression of the chicken cardiac troponin T gene in embryonic cardiac and skeletal muscle cells

The chicken gene encoding cardiac troponin T (cTNT) is expressed in both cardiac and skeletal muscle during early embryonic development, but is specifically repressed in skeletal muscle during fetal development. To determine if the cis-acting sequences governing transcription of a single gene in these two related cell types are the same, we have transfected promoter/upstream segments of the cTNT gene coupled to the bacterial chloramphenicol acetyltransferase gene into primary cultures of early embryonic cardiac and skeletal muscle cells. Using this assay system, chloramphenicol acetyltransferase activity directed by the cTNT promoter/upstream region was between two and three orders of magnitude higher in cardiac or skeletal muscle cells than in fibroblast cells, indicating that cis elements responsible for cell- specific expression reside in this region of the cTNT gene. Deletion experiments showed that a 67-nucleotide DNA segment residing between 268 and 201 nucleotides upstream of the cTNT transcription initiation site is required for cTNT promoter activity in embryonic cardiac cells. This region is not required in embryonic skeletal muscle cells because a cTNT promoter construction containing only 129 upstream nucleotides is transcriptionally active in these cells. These results demonstrate that different cis-acting sequences are required for cTNT expression in early embryonic cardiac and skeletal muscle cells. Nonessential regions residing farther upstream, on the other hand, affected the level of expression of these minimum regions in a similar manner in both cell types. The data from these experiments indicate, therefore, that transcription of the cTNT promoter in early embryonic cardiac and skeletal muscle cells is governed both by common and divergent regulatory elements in cis and in trans. [published erratum appears in J Cell Biol 1988 Oct;107(4):1621]
A LABORATORY COMPARISON OF TWO METHODS

In revision total hip replacement, bone loss can be managed by impacting porous bone chips. In order to guarantee sufficient mechanical strength, the bone chips have to be compacted. The aim of this study was to determine in an in vitro simulation whether the use of a pneumatic hammer leads to higher primary stability than manual impaction. Bone mass characteristics were measured by force and distance variation of a penetrating punch, which was lowered into a plastic cup filled with bone chips. From these measurements bulk density, contact stiffness, impaction hardness and penetration resistance were calculated for different durations of impaction. We found that the pneumatic method reached higher values of impaction hardness, contact stiffness and bulk density suggesting an increase in stability of the implant. No significant differences were found between the two different methods concerning the penetration resistance. The pneumatic method might reduce the risk of fracture in vivo, as force peaks are smaller and applied for a shorter period. Results from manual impaction showed higher variability and depend much on the experience of the surgeon. The pneumatic hammer is a suitable tool to standardise the impaction process.
Levodopa and deprenyl treatment effects on peripheral indices of oxidant stress in Parkinson's disease

The oxidant stress theory of Parkinson's disease (PD) hypothesizes that levodopa treatment may be potentially harmful and this is supported by studies demonstrating levodopa toxicity to cultured dopaminergic neurons. These in vitro experiments, however, lack the physiologic protective mechanisms present in vivo. Oxyradical damage to cell membranes liberates malondialdehyde, which we measured in the serum of 27 PD patients just before and after levodopa (with carbidopa) administration. We also measured plasma products of the two routes by which levodopa potentially generated oxyradicals: (1) 5-S-cysteinyl-dopa (derived from levodopa autoxidation), and (2) 3,4-dihydroxyphenylacetic acid (DOPAC), produced by monoamine oxidase (MAO) metabolism of dopamine. Following levodopa/carbidopa administration, both of these plasma products were markedly increased; however, the mean serum malondialdehyde concentration was unchanged and remained similar to the normal control group (N=15) value. Chronic treatment with the MAO-B inhibitor, deprenyl (N=16), was not associated with any differences in serum malondialdehyde or plasma 5-S-cysteinyl-dopa concentrations compared with those not treated with deprenyl (N=11). The post-levodopa rise of plasma DOPAC was only slightly attenuated with deprenyl therapy, consistent with a predominant MAO-A effect in the circulation and peripheral organs. Thus, in contrast to in vitro studies, we did not detect evidence of oxidative damage in the circulation following levodopa administration, despite marked increase in the products of dopamine oxidative metabolism.
Forgetting in an association memory

Though the phenomenon of forgetting is an everyday and commonplace experience of human intelligent systems it has been inadequately treated by theorists of intelligent systems (human and computer). On the one hand there is the stark behavioral fact that humans who were, at one point in time, able to respond in some particular way to some particular stimuli are, at a later time, no longer able to respond to those stimuli. On the other hand, there are the ever-intriguing experiences, shared by us all, that humans are able to recall stimuli whose age-in-memory is of the order of many years and that a person's technique of association can be pressed into the service of retrieving “long lost” information from his memory (sometimes quite consciously! ) Furthermore, some modern experiments (4), involving the implantation and stimulation of microelectrodes in the brain, have suggested that experiences far removed in time can be evoked in great informational detail by appropriate stimulation of barin tissue.
Bacterial Profile of Dentine Caries and the Impact of pH on Bacterial Population Diversity

Dental caries is caused by the release of organic acids from fermentative bacteria, which results in the dissolution of hydroxyapatite matrices of enamel and dentine. While low environmental pH is proposed to cause a shift in the consortium of oral bacteria, favouring the development of caries, the impact of this variable has been overlooked in microbial population studies. This study aimed to detail the zonal composition of the microbiota associated with carious dentine lesions with reference to pH. We used 454 sequencing of the 16S rRNA gene (V3–V4 region) to compare microbial communities in layers ranging in pH from 4.5–7.8 from 25 teeth with advanced dentine caries. Pyrosequencing of the amplicons yielded 449,762 sequences. Nine phyla, 97 genera and 409 species were identified from the quality-filtered, de-noised and chimera-free sequences. Among the microbiota associated with dentinal caries, the most abundant taxa included Lactobacillus sp. , Prevotella sp. , Atopobium sp. , Olsenella sp. and Actinomyces sp. We found a disparity between microbial communities localised at acidic versus neutral pH strata. Acidic conditions were associated with low diversity microbial populations, with Lactobacillus species including L. fermentum, L. rhamnosus and L. crispatus, being prominent. In comparison, the distinctive species of a more diverse flora associated with neutral pH regions of carious lesions included Alloprevotella tanerrae, Leptothrix sp. , Sphingomonas sp. and Streptococcus anginosus. While certain bacteria were affected by the pH gradient, we also found that ∼60% of the taxa associated with caries were present across the investigated pH range, representing a substantial core. We demonstrated that some bacterial species implicated in caries progression show selective clustering with respect to pH gradient, providing a basis for specific therapeutic strategies.
Enhanced expressiveness in scripting using AnimalScript V2

AnimalScript 2 is a new implementation of the visualization language AnimalScript used in the Animal system. The new implementation adds important features, especially conditional and loop statements. It also prepares the ground for further advanced components, such as methods or object templates. Several examples illustrate the expressiveness and ease of use of AnimalScript 2.
Machine-to-Machine traffic characterization: Models and case study on integration in LTE

This paper analyses and compares three different models for Machine-to-Machine (M2M) traffic and investigates the possibility of integrating generated M2M traffic into a Long Term Evolution (LTE) network. According to the authors' knowledge, current M2M traffic models assume that 1) the M2M traffic is aggregated traffic with constant arrival rate and 2) the cellular networks have enough resources to support the generated traffic. However, neither 1) nor 2) are true for M2M traffic in cellular networks. This paper analyses M2M traffic with variable arrival rate under the assumption that the LTE network has limited resources. The results showcase the characteristics of the M2M traffic in a more realistic manner pinpointing the differences from the standard traffic in cellular network. They reveal that the traffic is not self-similar, but only for large number of machines. Also, the results give insight into the design parameters that should be considered for LTE in order to support M2M traffic.
Electrical Conduction and Dielectric Properties of Epoxy/ Organophilic Clay Nanocomposite

In order to develop electrical insulation material, organically modified layered silicate was incorporated into an epoxy matrix to prepare nanocomposite. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) observation showed that organophillic clay was in an exfoliated state, while hydrophilic clay was not dispersed into nanolayers within the epoxy matrix. Epoxy/organophilic clay (2.8 wt%) nanocomposite was mixed and cured at 150℃ for 4.5 hr. I-V characteristics, volume resistance and dielectric properties for the cured nanocomposite were estimated. Current density increased with increasing temperature, and volume resistance decreased with increasing temperature, in neat epoxy and epoxy/ organophilic clay (2.8 wt%) nanocomposite. As frequency increased, the dielectric loss value decreased in the two systems.
Relationship among achievement goal orientations and multidimensional situational motivation in physical education.

BACKGROUND Contemporary research suggests that task and ego achievement goal orientations affect students' intrinsic motivation in physical education. This research has assessed intrinsic motivation as a unidimensional contruct, however, which is inconsistent with the more contemporary postulates of self-determination theory (Deci & Ryan, 1985, 1991) which states that intrinsic motivation is only one type of motivation. To date, research has not addressed whether different types of motivation at the situational level are influenced by the proneness to adopt task or ego involvement. AIMS To examine the relationship between achievement goal orientations and multidimensional situational motivation in PE. SAMPLE Middle school children (182 male, 136 female; M age = 13.2 years). METHOD Responded to questionnaires assessing their dispositional goal orientation (POSQ; Roberts, Treasure, & Balague, 1998) and situational motivation (SIMS; Guay, Vallerand, & Blanchard, 2000) in PE. RESULTS Task orientation was found to be positively associated with more self-determined types of situational motivation. Ego orientation was weakly related to less self-determined motivation. An extreme group split was conducted to create four goal groups and goal profile analyses conducted. A significant MANOVA was followed by univariate analyses, post hoc comparisons, and calculated effect sizes, which revealed that groups high in task orientation reported more motivationally adaptive responses than groups low in task orientation. CONCLUSIONS The results suggest that a high level of task orientation singularly or in combination with ego orientation fosters self-determined situational motivation in the context of PE.
Adversarial blocking techniques for autonomous surface vehicles using model-predictive motion goal computation

In this paper, we consider the problem of guarding a valuable naval asset from a highly maneuverable threat via the use of autonomous unmanned surface vehicles (USVs) as dynamic obstacles. The objective of the defending agent is to maximize the amount of time it takes an intruder boat to enter the restricted area. Here we introduce a set of active blocking strategies which allow the defender to influence the intruder's actions through exploitation of its obstacle avoidance. By applying a mirror transformation to the intruder's current state, a pursuit policy can be formed that always places the defender between the intruder and the asset. To apply these strategies to delayed or imperfect information environments, we present a model-predictive method of calculating defender motion goals and estimating future intruder motions. This predictive estimator is capable of generating a meta-model for the intruder's behavior and returning a probability distribution of intruder control actions based on a reduced set of observable spatial features.
Video-Based Human Activity Recognition Using Multilevel Wavelet Decomposition and Stepwise Linear Discriminant Analysis

Video-based human activity recognition (HAR) means the analysis of motions and behaviors of human from the low level sensors. Over the last decade, automatic HAR is an exigent research area and is considered a significant concern in the field of computer vision and pattern recognition. In this paper, we have presented a robust and an accurate activity recognition system called WS-HAR that consists of wavelet transform coupled with stepwise linear discriminant analysis (SWLDA) followed by hidden Markov model (HMM). Symlet wavelet has been employed in order to extract the features from the activity frames. The most prominent features were selected by proposing a robust technique called stepwise linear discriminant analysis (SWLDA) that focuses on selecting the localized features from the activity frames and discriminating their class based on regression values (i.e., partial F-test values). Finally, we applied a well-known sequential classifier called hidden Markov model (HMM) to give the appropriate labels to the activities. In order to validate the performance of the WS-HAR, we utilized two publicly available standard datasets under two different experimental settings, n–fold cross validation scheme based on subjects; and a set of experiments was performed in order to show the effectiveness of each approach. The weighted average recognition rate for the WS-HAR was 97% across the two different datasets that is a significant improvement in classication accuracy compared to the existing well-known statistical and state-of-the-art methods.
Advances in dietary fibre characterisation. 1. Definition of dietary fibre, physiological relevance, health benefits and analytical aspects

Since 1953, the definition of ‘dietary fibre’ (DF) has evolved significantly following an international debate based on analytical progress, new nutritional and physiological knowledge and also private interests of the food industry. The overall tendency is towards an extension of the definition by including resistant starches as well as non-digestible oligosaccharides. This broadened definition is indeed based on physiological considerations as these compounds are not digested in the small intestine and become substrates for the colonic microflora, resulting in fermentation products that have a variety of local and possibly also systemic effects. A main reluctance to use this definition, however, is linked to the difficulty to quantify, with a universal method, the various compounds that fulfil the characteristics defined by this broad definition. At this point, if such a definition were adopted, there are two options, not necessarily antagonistic, which would be (1) to sum the content of NSP, resistant starches and non-digestible oligosaccharides quantified by distinct methods or (2) to use the Association of Official Analytical Chemists (AOAC) method of DF analysis (AOAC 985.29, 991.43) with complementary analyses of the different non-digestible oligosaccharides likely to be present in the food. With none of these solutions being fully satisfying from a scientific but also from a practical point of view, an innovative method has to be proposed within the next decade. The present review describes the various types of DF, effects of DF consumption on physiology and metabolism, past and current definitions, analytical aspects to measure DF and some aspects of DF claims and food labelling.
A Spectrometry of Linked Data

Entity mining is still a troublesome open problem. In past years many approaches allowed to automate the generation of equivalence links between references using schema matching or various heuristics based on the recognition of similar property values. In contrast, few of them considered the analysis of the network of equivalence links (“equivalence network”) as an indication of the likelihood and strength of the equivalence. Following this basic idea, in this paper we apply the well known Girvan and Newman algorithm to partition existing equivalence networks into clusters of co-references and gain an insight of their nature, size and composition.
Exact algorithms for minimum routing cost trees

Given a set of points and distances between them, a basic problem in network design calls for selecting a graph connecting them at a minimum total routing cost, that is, the sum over all pairs of points of the length of their shortest path in the graph. In this paper, we describe some branch‐and‐bound algorithms for the exact solution of a relevant special case arising when the graph has to be a tree. One of the enhancements to our algorithms is the use of “LP shortcutting,” which we introduce as a general‐purpose technique for speeding up the search. Besides network design, we show how trees of small routing cost find useful application in computational biology, where they can be used to determine good alignments of genomic sequences. This leads to a novel alignment heuristic that we analyze in our computational section. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Parameterized complexity: new developments and research frontiers

This survey of the current research horizons and new directions in the area of parameterized complexity is loosely based on a series of three lectures given in January 2000, in Kaikoura on the South Island of New Zealand. The occasion was the remarkably pleasant annual community conference series hosted by the New Zealand Mathematical Society. One of the principal purposes of the meeting is that of encouraging and supporting graduate students to become involved in research. There are many interesting and unexplored possibilities for graduate research topics, having real and exciting applications, as well as involving some of the deepest areas of combinatorics, in this new branch of computer science theory. Throughout the exposition we will make some effort to highlight these opportunities, and to try to keep things accessible to students and non-specialists.
The Crystal Structure of Arabidopsis thaliana Allene Oxide Cyclase: Insights into the Oxylipin Cyclization Reaction[W]

We describe the crystallization and structure elucidation of Arabidopsis thaliana allene oxide cyclase 2 (AOC2), a key enzyme in the biosynthesis of jasmonates. In a coupled reaction with allene oxide synthase, AOC2 releases the first cyclic and biologically active metabolite, 12-oxo-phytodienoic acid (OPDA). AOC2 (AT3G25770) folds into an eight-stranded antiparallel β-barrel with a C-terminal partial helical extension. The protein forms a hydrophobic binding cavity with two distinct polar patches. AOC2 is trimeric in crystals, in vitro and in planta. Based on the observed folding pattern, we assigned AOC2 as a low molecular weight member of the lipocalin family with enzymatic activity in plants. We determined the binding position of the competitive inhibitor vernolic acid (a substrate analog) in the binding pocket. Based on models for bound substrate 12,13-epoxy-9,11,15-octadecatrienoic acid and product OPDA, we propose a reaction scheme that explains the influence of the C15 double bond on reactivity. Reaction is promoted by anchimeric assistance through a conserved Glu residue. The transition state with a pentadienyl carbocation and an oxyanion is stabilized by a strongly bound water molecule and favorable π–π interactions with aromatic residues in the cavity. Stereoselectivity results from steric restrictions to the necessary substrate isomerizations imposed by the protein.
Mapping of expressed sequence tags from a porcine early embryonic cDNA library.

The goal of this study was to identify and map genes expressed during the elongation phase of embryogenesis in swine. Expressed sequence tags were analysed from a previously described porcine cDNA library prepared from elongating swine embryos. Average insert length of randomly selected clones was approximately 600 bp, with a range from < 100 to > 2500 bp. Single-pass, coding strand sequences from 1132 independent clones were compared with the GenBank non-redundant (nr) database via BLASTN analysis to identify potential porcine homologous of known genes. Among these sequences, 781 (69%) showed significant (score > 300) homology to non- mitochondrial sequences previously deposited in GenBank. Sequences matching interleucin 1 beta and thymosin beta 10 were most frequently observed (24 and 18 clones, respectively), in addition to matches with 310 other distinct genes. No significant match in the GenBank nr database was obtained for 303 sequences. Analysis demonstrated that 151 (50%) had open reading frames (ORF) extending at least 50 codons from the first base of the clone insert. Genetic markers were developed and used to map a subset of 17 genes, selected on the basis of function or of the ability to design primers that successfully amplified porcine genomic DNA, to 10 different porcine chromosomes, providing a set of mapped markers corresponding to genes expressed during conceptus elongation.