Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Analyzing the Effects of Lubrication Techniques on CNC Spindle Bearing Heat: An Experimental Investigation

The machining ability and accuracy of a machine are determined by parameters such as the stiffness and load capacity of its spindle unit. In addition, the effectiveness and technique of lubrication and cooling can significantly affect the operational characteristics of the machine spindle. The current study investigated the effects of two different lubrication methods, grease and air-oil mixture, on the temperature which is generated at the spindle bearings of a Computer Numerical Control (CNC) machine. The temperature distribution and rise rate of the bearings were measured using a thermal imaging camera and thermocouples. The results indicated that the air-oil mixture method was more effective in dissipating heat and reducing the temperature of the bearings than the grease method, due to the direct cooling provided by the air-oil mixture to the bearing balls, resulting in improved lubrication efficiency and heat exchange with the environment. Compared to the grease lubrication method, the temperature of the bearings was lower by 7°C to 9°C depending on the position of the bearing on the CNC spindle. Therefore, it is recommended to use the air-oil mixture lubrication method, especially for high-speed processing on CNC machines. However, the discharge of oil particles from the ventilation system should be carefully controlled. Overall, the findings offer valuable insights into optimizing lubrication methods for CNC machines to enhance processing quality and reduce the impact of temperature on the bearing performance.
The hypoglycemic effects of Juglans regia L. internal septum in type 2 diabetic patients: A double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled clinical trial

Introduction: The internal septum of J.regia is traditionally used to control diabetes, and its effectiveness has been shown in animal studies. Accordingly, human clinical trials are needed to confirm its effectiveness on hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c), fasting blood sugar (FBS), blood insulin level, and insulin resistance as a complementary for better control of type 2 diabetes. Methods: This study was a randomized, double-blinded, controlled trial. The lyophilized powder of extract of the internal septum of J.regia was used to fill the capsules. Sixty type 2 diabetic patients were randomly divided into two groups. 500 mg capsules three times daily before meal was added to their routine drug regimen, and HbA1c, FBS, and blood insulin level were checked at the baseline and after three months. Results: Sixty patients completed the study. The mean(±SD) age of patients was 49.1(10.2) and 50.9(12.7) years in the placebo and J.regia groups, respectively. We observed that J.regia internal septum increases the level of HbA1c by about 0.02 units, but this effect was not significant (MD=0.02,95%CI=-0.36 to 0.40, P=0.93). Regarding the impact of capsules on insulin level, it seems that J.regia-containing capsules can raise insulin level by one unit. However, it was not significant (MD=1.01,95%CI=-0.86 to 2.88, P=0.28). As for FBS, it can cause a decrease of four units, but this effect is also not significant (MD=-3.98,95%CI=-18.33 to 10.37, P=0.58). Conclusion: Based on our study, the internal septum of J.regia has no significant effect on HbA1c, FBS, and insulin resistance. Moreover, no specific adverse reaction was observed in any of the patients.
Woody Plant Species Diversity Analysis in Awash National Park, Ethiopia

Woody Plant Species Diversity Analysis in Awash National Park, Ethiopia The study was conducted at the Awash National Park (ANP), with the objectives of assessing woody plants diversity, identifying plant community types, and producing a list of woody plant species of the ANP, in order to provide information for appropriate decision making on the biodiversity conservation of the park. A total of 64 sample plots, each with 20 × 20 m were laid along the altitudinal gradient of 750 to 1916 m and a total of 65 woody plant species were collected from 44 genera and 27 families. Of the 65 species, 51% were trees, 32% were shrubs and 17% were vines. Out of the 27 families Fabaceae was the dominant family and represented by 12 species in five genera followed by Tiliaceae, Asclepiadaceae and Capparidaceae. Plant specimens were collected and brought to the National Herbarium (ETH) of Addis Ababa University for identification. The specimens were properly identified using authenticated specimens and referring the published volumes of Flora of Ethiopia and Eritrea.
Multimodal nanoparticle‐containing modified suberoylanilide hydroxamic acid polymer conjugates to mitigate immune dysfunction in severe inflammation

Abstract Excessive immune activation and immunosuppression are opposing factors that contribute to the dysregulated innate and adaptive immune responses seen in severe inflammation and sepsis. Here, a novel analog of the histone deacetylase inhibitor (HDACi), suberoylanilide hydroxamic acid (SAHA‐OH), was incorporated into immunomodulatory poly(lactic acid)‐based nanoparticles (iNP‐SAHA) by employing a prodrug approach through the covalent modification of poly(lactic‐co‐glycolic acid) (PLGA) with SAHA‐OH. iNP‐SAHA formulation allowed for controlled incorporation and delivery of SAHA‐OH from iNP‐SAHA and treatment led to multimodal biological responses including significant reductions in proinflammatory cytokine secretions and gene expression, while increasing the survival of primary macrophages under lipopolysaccharide (LPS) challenge. Using a lethal LPS‐induced endotoxemia mouse model of sepsis, iNP‐SAHA administration improved the survival of mice in a dose‐dependent manner and tended to improve survival at the lowest doses compared to iNP control. Further, iNP‐SAHA reduced the levels of plasma proinflammatory cytokines and chemokines associated with sepsis more significantly than iNP and similarly improved inflammation‐induced spleen and liver toxicity as iNP, supporting its potential polypharmacological activity. Collectively, iNP‐SAHA offers a potential drug delivery approach to modulate the multifaceted inflammatory responses observed in diseases such as sepsis.
Diagnostic and prognostic model studies of the Adriatic Sea general circulation: Seasonal variability

[1] The climatological seasonal variability of the Adriatic Sea general circulation is studied by carrying out diagnostic and prognostic numerical experiments. Two different sets of European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts-derived forcing functions were used to drive the model, because of the uncertainties in the heat and momentum flux determination, and the results are compared. The diagnostic simulations allowed a comparison of the model solutions with the observed baroclinic general circulation, and the results, in agreement with recent observations, suggest that during winter the Western Adriatic Coastal Current has a significant barotropic component, while during summer all the general circulation features are largely baroclinic. The prognostic simulations indicated that the circulation has a large seasonal variability, whose amplitude may be affected by the strength of the wind-forcing field.
First Tupinambinae teiid (Squamata, Teiidae) from the Palaeogene of South America

The Lumbrera Formation in north-western Argentina is notable for preserving lizard remains from the Palaeogene of South America. In this paper, we offer a re-description and re-evaluation of the material belonging to the holotype of the teiid lizard Lumbrerasaurus scagliai (Donadío, 1985) recovered from sediments of the Lumbrera Formation near Pampa Grande, Salta province, Argentina. Lumbrerasaurus scagliai is considered here as an extinct genus of Tupinambinae. These remains are the earliest record of teiid lizards and confirm the presence of tupinambine teiids in the South American Palaeogene.
Fossil plants record an atmospheric 12CO2 and temperature spike across the Palaeocene-Eocene transition in NW Europe

The large negative excursion of carbon-isotope composition (δ13C) recorded from foraminifera and bulk carbonates indicates a major anomaly in the operation of the global carbon cycle across the Palaeocene-Eocene boundary. Therefore, we sought terrestrial evidence for the transfer of isotopically light carbon (12CO2) from the ocean to the atmosphere by making systematic δ13C measurements or well-dated sequences of fossil pollen from NW Europe. The results indicate an atmospheric 12CO2 spike of c. 2 % between 58 and 55 Ma coincident with the ocean isotopic anomalies. Pollen spectra from these sequences suggest a marked shift in dominance from mixed mesophytic to paratropical forests synchronous with the terrestrial isotope excursion.
Computed Tomography Attenuation of Three-Dimensional (3D) Printing Materials—Depository to Aid in Constructing 3D-Printed Phantoms

Three-dimensionally printed phantoms are increasingly used in medical imaging and research due to their cost-effectiveness and customizability, offering valuable alternatives to commercial phantoms. The purpose of this study was to assess the computed tomography (CT) attenuation characteristics of 27 resin materials from Formlabs, a 3D printing equipment and materials manufacturer. Cube phantoms (both solid and hollow constructions) produced with each resin were subjected to CT scanning under varying tube current–time products with attenuation measurements recorded in Hounsfield units (HU). The resins exhibited a wide range of attenuation values (−3.33 to 2666.27 HU), closely mimicking a range of human tissues, from fluids to dense bone structures. The resins also demonstrated consistent attenuation regardless of changes in the tube current. The CT attenuation analysis of FormLabs resins produced an archive of radiological imaging characteristics of photopolymers that can be utilized to construct more accurate tissue mimicking medical phantoms and improve the evaluation of imaging device performance.
Water Stress Alters Physiological, Spectral, and Agronomic Indexes of Wheat Genotypes

Selecting drought-tolerant and more water-efficient wheat genotypes is a research priority, specifically in regions with irregular rainfall or areas where climate change is expected to result in reduced water availability. The objective of this work was to use high-throughput measurements with morphophysiological traits to characterize wheat genotypes in relation to water stress. Field experiments were conducted from May to September 2018 and 2019, using a sprinkler bar irrigation system to control water availability to eighteen wheat genotypes: BRS 254; BRS 264; CPAC 01019; CPAC 01047; CPAC 07258; CPAC 08318; CPAC 9110; BRS 394 (irrigated biotypes), and Aliança; BR 18_Terena; BRS 404; MGS Brilhante; PF 020037; PF 020062; PF 120337; PF 100368; PF 080492; and TBIO Sintonia (rainfed biotypes). The water regimes varied from 22 to 100% of the crop evapotranspiration replacement. Water stress negatively affected gas exchange, vegetation indices, and grain yield. High throughput variables TCARI, NDVI, OSAVI, SAVI, PRI, NDRE, and GNDVI had higher yield and morphophysiological measurement correlations. The drought resistance index indicated that genotypes Aliança, BRS 254, BRS 404, CPAC 01019, PF 020062, and PF 080492 were more drought tolerant.
Instability waves in the Gulf Stream front and its thermocline layer

We carried out linear instability calculations on a three layer Gulf Stream front model in an attempt to elucidate the interaction of the thermocline layer with surface slopewater shoreward of the front. The basic state is geostrophic balance and constant potential vorticity in the two active layers, but the perturbations are ageostrophic. We found the flow to be unstable to long wave perturbations, the wavelength of the most unstable wave to be of the order of 10 radii of deformation. The instability is mainly baroclinic, 75-85% of the energy supply to the growing perturbation coming from basic flow potential energy. Calculated wavelengths, phase speeds and growth rates, using parameters typical of the Gulf Stream, are similar to those observed. The eigenfunctions of the perturbations show peak cross-front thermocline motions near the inflection points of a frontal wave, and a cyclonic eddy with closed streamlines under a trough, an anticyclonic eddy under a crest. The combined flow (basic state plus perturbation) in the thermocline layer follows the surface streamlines closely, except for small cross-stream anomalies, shoreward just upstream of a wave crest, seaward upstream of a trough. Calculated trajectories have characteristics similar to those observed by RAFOS floats, except that they suggest exchange of thermocline waters exclusively with slopewater.
Low P‐wave velocity at the base of the mantle

A tool for investigating P-wave (VP) structure at the base of the mantle is presented. SKS waves at distances around 107° are incident upon the core-mantle boundary (CMB) with a slowness that allows for coupling with diffracted P-waves (Pd) at the base of the mantle. The P-wave diffraction occurs at both the SKS entrance and exit locations of the outer core. The resulting phase, SPdKS, arrives slightly later in time than SKS, having a wave path through the mantle and core very close to SKS. The difference time between SKS and SPdKS most strongly depends on VP at the base of the mantle near SKS core entrance and exit points. Digitized long-period (5-15s) observations from deep focus Tonga events recorded by North American WWSSN and Canadian Seismographic Network stations, and South American events recorded by European and Eurasian WWSSN stations exhibit anomalously large SPdKS-SKS difference times. SKS and the later arriving SPdKS are separated by several seconds more than predictions made by the global average PREM model. Models having a pronounced low-velocity zone in VP at the base of the mantle best predict the observations. These models are perturbations of the PREM model, whereby the lowermost 50–100 km of the D″ layer has a negative VP gradient, with the mantle-side CMB VP reduced from PREM by 5% (to 13.0 km/s) at the base of the mantle.
Diagnostic Efficacy and Clinical Relevance of Artificial Intelligence in Detecting Cognitive Decline

Cognitive impairment is an age-associated disorder of increasing prevalence as the aging population continues to grow. Classified based on the level of cognitive decline, memory, function, and capacity to conduct activities of daily living, cognitive impairment ranges from mild cognitive impairment to dementia. When considering the insidious nature of the etiologies responsible for varying degrees of cognitive impairment, early diagnosis may provide a clinical benefit through the facilitation of early treatment. Typical diagnosis relies heavily on evaluation in a primary care setting. However, there is evidence that other diagnostic tools may aid in an earlier diagnosis of the different underlying pathologies responsible for cognitive impairment. Artificial intelligence represents a new intersecting field with healthcare that may aid in the early detection of neurodegenerative disorders. When assessing the role of AI in detecting cognitive decline, it is important to consider both the diagnostic efficacy of AI algorithms and the clinical relevance and impact of early interventions as a result of early detection. Thus, this review highlights promising investigations and developments in the space of artificial intelligence and healthcare and their potential to impact patient outcomes.
Accessibility and Mechanical Stability of Nanoporous Zinc Oxide and Aluminum Oxide Coatings Synthesized via Infiltration of Polymer Templates

The conformal nanoporous inorganic coatings with accessible pores that are stable under applied thermal and mechanical stresses represent an important class of materials used in the design of sensors, optical coatings, and biomedical systems. Here, we synthesize porous AlOx and ZnO coatings by the sequential infiltration synthesis (SIS) of two types of polymers that enable the design of porous conformal coatings—polymers of intrinsic microporosity (PIM) and block co-polymer (BCP) templates. Using quartz crystal microbalance (QCM), we show that alumina precursors infiltrate both polymer templates four times more efficiently than zinc oxide precursors. Using the quartz crystal microbalance (QCM) technique, we provide a comprehensive study on the room temperature accessibility to water and ethanol of pores in block copolymers (BCPs) and porous polymer templates using polystyrene-block-poly-4-vinyl pyridine (PS75-b-P4VP25) and polymers of intrinsic microporosity (PIM-1), polymer templates modified by swelling, and porous inorganic coatings such as AlOx and ZnO synthesized by SIS using such templates. Importantly, we demonstrate that no structural damage occurs in inorganic nanoporous AlOx and ZnO coatings synthesized via infiltration of the polymer templates during the water freezing/melting cycling tests, suggesting excellent mechanical stability of the coatings, even though the hardness of the inorganic nanoporous coating is affected by the polymer and precursor selections. We show that the hardness of the coatings is further improved by their annealing at 900 °C for 1 h, though for all the cases except ZnO obtained using the BCP template, this annealing has a negligible effect on the porosity of the material, as is confirmed by the consistency in the optical characteristics. These findings unravel new potential for the materials being used across various environment and temperature conditions.
Chiranthodendron pentadactylon Larreat (Sterculiaceae), a Potential Nephroprotector against Oxidative Damage Provoked by STZ-Induced Hyperglycemia in Rats

Background: Chiranthodendron pentadactylon, known in Mexico as the “tree of the little hands”, flower’s infusion is used to treat kidney failure associated with diseases such as diabetes. The aim of this work is to evaluate the antioxidant effect of the methanolic extract of its flowers on oxidative damage in kidneys caused by streptozotocin in rats. Methods: The extract phytochemical profile was performed with HPLC. Antioxidant potential in vitro was determined with DPPH and total phenolic tests; antioxidant evaluation in vivo was performed in diabetic rats administered daily via the intragastric route (100 and 200 mg/kg) for 6 weeks; serum glucose/creatinine, food/water consumption, and urinary volume were measured. Relative weight, protein/DNA ratios and oxidative stress were measured in renal tissue. Results: The extract showed 20.53% of total phenolic content and IC50 of 18.05 µg/mL in DPPH, and this was associated with ferulic acid, phloretin and α-amyrin. Both doses showed a moderate decrease in the protein/DNA ratio in renal tissue, and the same behavior was observed for total urinary protein loss and serum creatinine, while the best antioxidant effect was exerted by a lower dose, which increased catalase activity and decreased lipid peroxidation in the kidneys. Conclusions: Results demonstrated that C. pentadactylon methanolic flower’s extract improves renal function through antioxidant mechanisms during experimental diabetes.
Listener Perception of Spatialised Audio for Embodied Interaction in Sonification

One underexplored method for examining sonification perception is through spatialised audio parameter mapping. To lower the entry threshold for listeners unfamiliar with sonification, binaural rendering of Ambisonic audio is employed as a spatialisation technique. A Pure Data patch was developed and a listener study was conducted to investigate participants’ experience of listening to the spatialised sonification of city air quality data. The results indicate there is a link between listener experience and quality of perception, indicating that future research should focus on developing listener skill. Spatial audio appears to have some influence on perception for musically-trained listeners, but this appears to be most effective as an extra factor supplementing the manipulation of other sonic parameters such as frequency. Binaural rendering was useful for introducing uninitiated listeners to sonification, but there was difficulty in replicating the experience of physical space.
Navigational Error Reduction of Underwater Vehicles with Selective Bathymetric SLAM

Abstract An approach to improve the navigational accuracy of underwater vehicles using patches of bathymetry acquired selectively from the terrain as observations within a Simultaneous Localisation and Mapping (SLAM) framework is presented. Each patch is filtered and stored as a gridded sub-map, or Navigation Cell, in the dynamic system model, along with the vehicle pose. Upon subsequent crossings over the same patch, additional cells are stored, then correlated against the original and the observations updated accordingly. The updated observations are fed into an Extended Kalman Filter (EKF), which updates the vehicle state. The approach has been demonstrated in simulation, using both synthetically generated bathymetry and real terrain data collected from a surface-vessel mounted micro-bathymetric sonar. It was found that the error build-up could be effectively bounded by employing the selective approach, whilst keeping the system state to a manageable size for real-time adoption. The locations of Navigation Cells can be both pre-defined and dynamically located at points where the terrain variability is high. In addition, any Navigation Cell can be chosen by the mission controller to be re-visited for correlation, should the vehicle's estimated state covariance exceed some pre-defined threshold. The paper concludes with some discussion of the advantages and disadvantages of the technique.
Multistation infrasonic observations of the Chilean earthquake of 2005 June 13

SUMMARY On 2005 June 13, a major earthquake (M7.8) occurred in the Tarapaca region (North Chile), within the region of high mountains. At large distances from the epicentre, this event produced coherent infrasonic waves detected by three infrasound stations that are part of the International Monitoring System. The observed azimuth variations and the long signal durations suggest that wide regions in the Andes Mountains radiated infrasonic waves. From these observations, the main sources' regions are reconstructed. Such an event recorded by multiple stations offers an unique opportunity to evaluate the relative contributions of the different source mechanisms involved in large earthquakes as well as to improve our understanding of the amplification of ground displacement caused by the topography. With a review of infrasound signals from past earthquakes, extended empirical scaling relations are derived. We show that beyond the seismic magnitude, both seismic source and topographic features also play a predominant role in the generation of infrasound.