Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
A Critical Role for Pin2/TRF1 in ATM-dependent Regulation

Cells derived from patients with the human genetic disorder ataxia-telangiectasia (A-T) display many abnormalities, including telomere shortening, premature senescence, and defects in the activation of S phase and G2/M checkpoints in response to double-strand DNA breaks induced by ionizing radiation. We have previously demonstrated that one of the ATM substrates is Pin2/TRF1, a telomeric protein that binds the potent telomerase inhibitor PinX1, negatively regulates telomere elongation, and specifically affects mitotic progression. Following DNA damage, ATM phosphorylates Pin2/TRF1 and suppresses its ability to induce abortive mitosis and apoptosis (Kishi, S., Zhou, X. Z., Nakamura, N., Ziv, Y., Khoo, C., Hill, D. E., Shiloh, Y., and Lu, K. P. (2001)J. Biol. Chem. 276, 29282–29291). However, the functional importance of Pin2/TRF1 in mediating ATM-dependent regulation remains to be established. To address this question, we directly inhibited the function of endogenous Pin2/TRF1 in A-T cells by stable expression of two different dominant-negative Pin2/TRF1 mutants and then examined their effects on telomere length and DNA damage response. Both the Pin2/TRF1 mutants increased telomere length in A-T cells, as shown in other cells. Surprisingly, both the Pin2/TRF1 mutants reduced radiosensitivity and complemented the G2/M checkpoint defect without inhibiting Cdc2 activity in A-T cells. In contrast, neither of the Pin2/TRF1 mutants corrected the S phase checkpoint defect in the same cells. These results indicate that inhibition of Pin2/TRF1 in A-T cells is able to bypass the requirement for ATM in specifically restoring telomere shortening, the G2/M checkpoint defect, and radiosensitivity and demonstrate a critical role for Pin2/TRF1 in the ATM-dependent regulation of telomeres and DNA damage response.
Charge transfer and partial pinning at the contacts as the origin of a double dip in the transfer characteristics of graphene-based field-effect transistors

We discuss the origin of an additional dip other than the charge neutrality point observed in the transfer characteristics of graphene-based field-effect transistors with a Si/SiO2 substrate used as the back-gate. The double dip is proved to arise from charge transfer between the graphene and the metal electrodes, while charge storage at the graphene/SiO2 interface can make it more evident. Considering a different Fermi energy from the neutrality point along the channel and partial charge pinning at the contacts, we propose a model which explains all the features observed in the gate voltage loops. We finally show that the double dip enhanced hysteresis in the transfer characteristics can be exploited to realize graphene-based memory devices.
Technological progress and the market value of firms

Is market valuation of corporations affected by events from their product innovation processes? This review shows that such effects can be determined. Whether markets make rational use of the information cannot be established. The surprise element of any information and closeness to market introduction seem to be two important variables that explain the degree of market response. The study concludes with eight statements on what we know and what could or should be investigated in the near future.
Effects of short‐term leptin exposure on triglyceride deposition in rat liver

Leptin has recently been suggested to play a role in the pathogenesis of hepatic steatosis. Consequently, this study was designed to examine the direct effects of portal leptin on the intrahepatic lipid contents in the postabsorptive state. Rat livers (n = 6 per group) were perfused in a recirculating system and portally infused with leptin (0.5 nmol/L, 5 nmol/L, and 25 nmol/L), insulin (10 nmol/L), leptin (5 nmol/L) plus insulin (10 nmol/L), glucagon (1 nmol/L), or vehicle (control). Intrahepatic contents of triglycerides, free cholesterol, cholesteryl esters, and free fatty acids were determined from the lipid extract of frozen livers by capillary gas chromatography. Short‐term leptin infusion increased total triglycerides in a concentration‐dependent (0.5 nmol/L: 2.8 ± 0.4 mg/g, 5 nmol/L: 7.0 ± 0.5 mg/g, 25 nmol/L: 8.3 ± 1.0 mg/g) and time‐dependent manner. Total triglycerides also rose during exposure to insulin plus leptin (7.2 ± 0.6 mg/g) but fell during glucagon infusion (2.6 ± 0.2 mg/g; control: 4.3 ± 0.3 mg/g; P < .05). Leptin, insulin, and glucagon increased intrahepatic free cholesterol (P < .05). Free fatty acids were also higher during leptin exposure (0.5 nmol/L: 1.28 ± 0.08 mg/g, 5 nmol/L: 0.47 ± 0.01 mg/g, 25 nmol/L: 0.48 ± 0.04 mg/g, control: 0.38 ± 0.03 mg/g; P < .05). In conclusion, hyperleptinemia increases hepatic triglyceride content and may therefore contribute to hepatic steatosis in hyperleptinemic obese patients.
Peer reviews and bibliometric indicators: a comparative study at a Norwegian university

This study investigates the relationship between bibliometric indicators and the outcomes of peer reviews. Based on a case study of research groups at the University of Bergen, Norway, we examine how various bibliometric indicators correlate with evaluation ratings given by expert committees. The analysis shows positive but relatively weak correlations for all the selected indicators. Particular attention is devoted to the reasons for the discrepancies. We find that shortcomings of the peers' assessments, of the bibliometric indicators, as well as lack of comparability, can explain why the correlation was not stronger. Copyright , Beech Tree Publishing.
XBRL: Opportunities and Challenges in Enhancing Financial Reporting and Assurance Processes

This paper describes some of the benefits and opportunities in relation to the use of XBRL, as it exists today, from a domestic (U.S.) and international perspective, as well as some possible challenges to its widespread adoption and acceptance. Additionally, this paper discusses what specifically XBRL means for accountants in business (e.g., business management), public practice, or academia, those involved in the development of assurance services, and users of financial information.
Pathobiology of neutrophil–epithelial interactions

Polymorphonuclear neutrophils (PMNs) are innate immune system cells that play an essential role in eradicating invading pathogens. PMN migration to sites of infection/inflammation requires exiting the microcirculation and subsequent crossing of epithelial barriers in mucosa‐lined organs such as the lungs and intestines. Although these processes usually occur without significant damage to surrounding host tissues, dysregulated/excessive PMN transmigration and resultant bystander‐tissue damage are characteristic of numerous mucosal inflammatory disorders. Mechanisms controlling PMN extravasation have been well characterized, but the molecular details regarding regulation of PMN migration across mucosal epithelia are poorly understood. Given that PMN migration across mucosal epithelia is strongly correlated with disease symptoms in many inflammatory mucosal disorders, enhanced understanding of the mechanisms regulating PMN transepithelial migration should provide insights into clinically relevant tissue‐targeted therapies aimed at ameliorating PMN‐mediated bystander‐tissue damage. This review will highlight current understanding of the molecular interactions between PMNs and mucosal epithelia and the associated functional consequences.
Oogenesis and ovarian development in the prenatal pig

Gametogenesis and ovarian development were examined by means of histologic, cytologic and radioisotopic techniques in porcine ovaries of ages ranging from 13 days post coitum (PC) to birth (114 days PC). Limited observations were made in postnatal ovaries (birth to 130 days post partum).
Development of loop‐mediated isothermal amplification assay for the detection of Pythium myriotylum

This study reports the development of a loop‐mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP) reaction for the detection of Pythium myriotylum. The primer set targeting the ITS sequence of P. myriotylum worked most efficiently at 60°C and allowed the detection of P. myriotylum DNA within 30 min by fluorescence monitoring using a real‐time PCR instrument. The peak denaturing temperature of amplified DNA was about 87·0°C. In specificity tests using eight Pythium myriotylum strains, 59 strains from 39 species of Pythium, 11 Phytophthora strains and eight other soil‐borne pathogens, LAMP gave no cross‐reactions. The detection limit was 100 fg of genomic DNA, which was as sensitive as PCR. LAMP could detect P. myriotylum in hydroponic solution samples, and the results coincided with those of the conventional plating method in almost all cases. The LAMP method established in this study is a simple and sensitive tool for the detection of P. myriotylum.
A multipurpose testbed for full-duplex wireless communications

Unlike in the traditional half-duplex (HD) mode of transmission over a wireless link, in the full-duplex (FD) mode both terminals receive and transmit on the same frequency band, simultaneously. Hence, FD gives us up to twice the spectral efficiency of HD, has the potential to resolve the hidden terminal problem, and makes relaying much more efficient. As such, FD is one of the most promising new physical layer techniques being developed at the moment. However, a major difficulty in achieving FD operation is that it requires cancelation of self-interference. In this demonstration, we show various methods of operating in FD mode, offering live, interactive, and visual insight into the operation of the link. The parameters shown include the power budget, signal-to-interference-and-noise ratio, frequency spectrum, constellation graphs, and bit error rate. We compare the operation of the same link in HD and FD mode, highlight the effect of each type of cancelation, as well as show what happens when self-interference is not mitigated at all.
Reduction in the Incidence of Carbon Monoxide Exposures in Humans Undergoing General Anesthesia

Background: Carbon monoxide forms via reaction of isoflurane, enflurane, and desflurane with dried CO2 absorbents. The authors hypothesize that interventions by nonphysician support personnel to decrease absorbent drying will decrease the exposure rate of patients to carbon monoxide from anesthetic breakdown. Methods: In the control group, all anesthetizing personnel were made aware of the factors enabling CO generation from anesthetic breakdown, and prevention techniques were left to the anesthetizing personnel. After data collection was complete, the following interventions were initiated to reduce absorbent drying: Anesthesia technicians and housekeeping personnel were instructed to turn off all anesthesia machines after the last case of the day in each room, and the CO2 absorbent was changed each morning if fresh gas was found flowing. Baralyme[registered sign] was used in all phases of this study. Results: Five cases of intraoperative carbon monoxide exposure occurred among 1,085 (0.46%) first cases in the control group. Postintervention, patient carbon monoxide exposures decreased (P <0.05), with one exposure among 1,961 (0.051%) first cases in the main operating room. Two exposures among 68 (2.9%) first cases occurred in remote locations (P < 0.001) versus main operating room. Predisposing factors for absorbent drying include the prolonged use of anesthesia machines for monitored anesthesia care, inappropriate drying techniques for expiratory flowmeters, understaffing of support personnel, and anesthesia in remote locations. Conclusions: These interventions reduced patient exposure to carbon monoxide. Monitoring for carbon monoxide exposures during general anesthesia may be necessary to recognize and end patient exposures that occur despite preventative measures.
Ensemble and Reranking: Using Multiple Models in the NICT-2 Neural Machine Translation System at WAT2017

In this paper, we describe the NICT-2 neural machine translation system evaluated at WAT2017. This system uses multiple models as an ensemble and combines models with opposite decoding directions by reranking (called bi-directional reranking). In our experimental results on small data sets, the translation quality improved when the number of models was increased to 32 in total and did not saturate. In the experiments on large data sets, improvements of 1.59-3.32 BLEU points were achieved when six-model ensembles were combined by the bi-directional reranking.
Asymmetric TCP splicing for content-based switches

A content-based switch makes forwarding decisions (server selections), based on application layer information, and forwards data in the application layer. After making forwarding decisions, existing content-based switches increase their forwarding performance by TCP splicing, which releases them from maintaining TCP endpoints and allows them to forward data by packet forwarding. However, TCP splicing prevents the switches from using the application layer information for forwarding decisions. Thus existing content-based switches cannot hand off pipelined HTTP transactions, which can greatly reduce client perceived latencies. This paper proposes asymmetric TCP splicing and a method to hand off HTTP transactions between servers. Asymmetric TCP splicing allows the content-based switches to use all the application layer information in the TCP data stream from clients to servers, although it allows the switches to forward the TCP data stream from servers to clients by packet forwarding. The proposed handoff method, which uses a TCP half-close to detect the boundary of server responses, enables content-based switches to support pipelined HTTP transactions in combination with asymmetric TCP splicing. Our evaluation shows that if a content-based switch supports pipelined HTTP transactions by asymmetric TCP splicing and our proposed handoff method, client-perceived latencies can be reduced substantially.
Prevalence of p53, bcl-2, and Ki-67 immunoreactivity and of apoptosis in normal oral epithelium and in premalignant and malignant lesions of the oral cavity.

PURPOSE Loss of normal p53 is correlated to the progression of several preneoplastic lesions to neoplasms, and overexpression of bcl-2 determines an alteration of programmed cell death. There is an increased awareness of the importance of apoptosis in cancerogenesis, and a strong correlation of Ki-67 with high tumor grade has been reported. MATERIALS AND METHODS The aim of our study was to investigate immunohistochemically the expression and relationship of p53, bcl-2, MIB-1, and the apoptotic index (AI) in normal oral epithelium, leukoplakia, dysplasia, and oral squamous cell carcinoma. RESULTS A strong correlation was found between p53 overexpression and cell proliferation (MIB-1) and the AI. An inverse relationship was found between bcl-2 expression and MIB-1 and AI. A significant inverse relationship was found between p53 and bcl-2. A good positive correlation was present between AI and MIB-1 expression. CONCLUSIONS Apoptosis could be important to help to understand oral carcinogenesis.
Forecasting financial markets

The second edition of this controversial book examines how technical analysis can be used to predict price trends accurately and thus ensure long-term survival for those trading in financial markets. The author also considers the emotional element which exists in investment decisions, where the behaviour of individual investors is influenced by the attitudes of other investors, resulting in something akin to a crowd mentality. By standing back from this and by trading according to certain predetermined rules and price patterns, which the author explains in detail, investors can gain a far greater insight into the behaviour of financial markets and ultimately influence their own success in those markets.
European trade unionism in transition? a review of the issues

** Director, European Trade Union Institute, Brussels, Belgium. *** Senior Research Fellow, Institut for Sociale Forhold og Organisation, Aalborg Universitet, Denmark. In recent years European trade unionists have debated how changes in industrial relations systems will impinge upon current union activity and organisation. They cite labour market restructuring, workplace change and developments in the European Union’s (EU) social policy agenda as constituting both threats and opportunities for action. In addition, a wide range of strategies, implemented by employers to raise competitiveness, require unions to accommodate concurrent trends towards intemationalisation, as capital seeks to reduce production costs, and localism, arising from the fragmentation of markets. Some of the questions raised by these issues are the following: Are these changes promoting convergence or divergence? How are these changes mediated by different institutional arrangements and public policy choices? To what extent are the same trade union responses appropriate in different countries? Can trade unionists influence the direction of policy or must they merely be influenced by it?
Effect of wzx (rfbX) Mutations on A-Band and B-Band Lipopolysaccharide Biosynthesis in Pseudomonas aeruginosa O5

ABSTRACT The wbp cluster of Pseudomonas aeruginosaO5 encodes a number of proteins involved in biosynthesis of the heteropolymeric and Wzy-dependent B-band O antigen, including Wzy, the O-antigen polymerase, and Wzz, the regulator of O-antigen chain length. A gene (formerly wbpF), contiguous with wzy in the wbp cluster, is predicted to encode a highly hydrophobic protein with multiple membrane-spanning domains. This secondary structure is consistent with that of Wzx (RfbX), the putative O-antigen unit translocase or “flippase. ” Insertion of a Gmr cassette at two separate sites within the putativewzx gene led in both cases to the loss of B-band lipopolysaccharide (LPS) O-antigen production. To our knowledge, this is the first report of the successful generation of chromosomalwzx gene replacement mutations. Surprisingly, inactivation of wzx also led to a marked delay in production of the ATP-binding cassette–transporter-dependent, d-rhamnose homopolymer, A-band LPS. This effect on A-band LPS synthesis was alleviated by supplying multiple copies of WbpL in trans. WbpL, a WecA (Rfe) homologue, was shown recently to be essential for the initiation of both A-band and B-band LPS synthesis in P. aeruginosa O5 (H. L. Rocchetta, L. L. Burrows, J. C. Pacan, and J. S. Lam, Mol. Microbiol. 28:1103–1119, 1998). These results suggest that the delay in A-band LPS production may arise from insufficient access to WbpL when the completed B-band O unit is not successfully translocated to the periplasm. Without adequate WbpL, A-band LPS synthesis is delayed. A subset of wzx mutants appeared to have accumulated second-site mutations which either restored the normal expression of A-band LPS or abolished A-band expression completely. Complementation studies showed that all of the additional mutations affecting LPS synthesis that were characterized in this study were located within the B-band LPS genes.
Getting partners to take action: influences on joint action in interfirm relationships

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to understand the nature of joint action between firms, and to examine how interfirm linkages impact the development of information systems that impact joint action. The research also examines how economic dependence impacts joint action or joint activities between firms. While the importance of interfirm relations has been widely acknowledged, the relationships between buyers and suppliers can vary widely on the amount of joint action they undertake with each other.Design/methodology/approach – Using structural equation modeling, the authors test a model of influences on joint action that incorporates elements of social norms that develop between partners, their economic dependence on each other, and a coordination mechanism of shared information systems.Findings – The findings indicate that joint action is influenced indirectly by some elements of social exchange, and instead is directly impacted by economic dependence and information systems. Social norms, specifi.
Hepatitis C Virus-Induced Hepatocellular Steatosis

Two distinct forms of hepatocellular steatosis can be seen in patients with chronic hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection. Classical metabolic risk factors for hepatocellular steatosis account for the vast majority of cases of steatosis in patients infected by non-genotype 3 HCV strains. In contrast, in patients infected by HCV genotype 3, steatosis is generally induced by the virus itself through a direct cytopathic effect, the mechanisms of which remain debated. Mixed forms of steatosis can also be seen in HCV genotype 3-infected patients with metabolic risk factors. Hepatocellular steatosis appears to be associated with more rapid progression of hepatic fibrosis. However, it is unclear whether this association is due to steatosis itself, or rather to metabolic and host factors that promote steatosis and fibrosis concomitantly. This review discusses current knowledge of HCV-induced steatosis and its relation to chronic HCV-associated liver disease.
Routing in Delay Tolerant Network

At present, the internet has grown exponentially due to its wide connectivity with different sets of devices. The only issue is the tolerances towards delay which leads to disconnection in case the delay is above tolerance level. Delay Tolerant Network (DTN) is the latest development to sustain longer delays by allowing disconnected operations. Among the various problems like buffering, resources allocation and energy consumption, routing is a major issue. The present study reviews many proposals regarding routing problem and its solution and the state of the art analysis is presented. General Terms Networks, delay, flooding, forwarding.
Serum transferrin receptor

Transferrin receptors (TfRs) are the conventional pathway by which cells acquire iron for physiological requirements. Under iron‐deficient conditions there is an increased concentration of surface TfR, especially on bone marrow erythroid precursors, as a mechanism to sequester needed iron. TfRs are also present in the circulation, and the circulating serum TfR (sTfR) level reflects total body TfR concentration. Under normal conditions erythroid precursors are the main source of sTfR. Disorders of the bone marrow with reduced erythroid precursors are associated with low sTfR levels. The sTfR concentration begins to rise early in iron deficiency with the onset of iron‐deficient erythropoiesis, and continues to rise as iron‐deficient erythropoiesis progressively worsens, prior to the development of anemia. The sTfR level does not increase in anemia of chronic inflammation, but is increased when anemia of chronic inflammation is combined with iron deficiency. The sTfR level is also increased in patients with expanded erythropoiesis, including hemolytic anemias, myelodysplastic syndromes, and use of erythropoietic stimulating agents. The ratio of sTfR/ferritin can be used to quantify the entire spectrum of iron status from positive iron stores through negative iron balance, and is particularly useful in evaluating iron status in population studies. The sTfR/log ferritin ratio is valuable for distinguishing anemia of chronic inflammation from iron deficiency anemia, whether the latter occurs alone or in combination with anemia of chronic inflammation. Am. J. Hematol. , 2008. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Recoverability of Variable Nodes in Periodically Punctured LDPC Convolutional Codes

The concept of transformed codes is introduced to algebraically evaluate the recoverability of punctured nodes for periodically punctured low-density parity-check convolutional codes (LDPC-CCs) by a simple matrix-based approach. The proposed very efficient algorithm allows to identify and exclude those candidate puncturing patterns in a computer search that contain unrecoverable nodes that would lead to bad error-correction performance. Moreover, a novel upper bound on the maximum punctured code rate is obtained, above which any punctured code must contain unrecoverable punctured nodes.