Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Stationary distributions of random walk mobility models for wireless ad hoc networks

To properly use a mobility model to evaluate a wireless network policy via computer simulations it is necessary to know the statistics of mobile terminal locations for the model. Unfortunately, these statistics are only known for a limited number of mobility models which limits the analysis of wireless networks that can be done using computer simulations. This paper presents a method for calculating an approximation of the steady-state distribution of mobile terminal locations for a general class of mobility models. The motion models in this class are specified by the conditional distribution of destination points given source points, the distribution of speed, and the distribution of pause times for each motion link. The continuous time distributions of mobile terminal locations and velocities are then derived from the motion link steady-state distributions. This knowledge will enable researchers to use low cost computer simulations to effectively evaluate new wireless network policies for a wide variety of mobility patterns.
A robust frequency synchronization method for non-contiguous OFDM-based cognitive radio systems

For non-contiguous OFDM (NC-OFDM) based cognitive radio systems, one of the significant challenges for a secondary receiver is to establish frequency synchronization without spectrum synchronization information (SSI). In this paper, we propose a robust carrier frequency offset (CFO) estimation method for NC-OFDM receiver when the interference from primary users is considered. The key idea of the proposed method is first to make a decision on which subchannels are active by employing two consecutive and identical training symbols, and then to estimate the CFO effectively by using a maximum likelihood algorithm based on the information on selected active subchannels. Simulation results show that the proposed method can provide a satisfactory estimation accuracy, which is close to the corresponding Cramér-Rao lower bound (CRB) with the ideal SSI over an additive white Gaussian noise (AWGN) channel.
Guidelines for carotid endarterectomy: a statement for healthcare professionals from a Special Writing Group of the Stroke Council, American Heart Association.

Since the 1950s carotid endarterectomy has been performed in patients with symptomatic carotid artery stenosis, based on suggestive but inconclusive evidence for its effectiveness. Only during the last 5 years have randomized studies clarified the indications for surgery. In preparing this report, panel members used the same rules of evidence used in the previous report1 2 (Table⇓). View this table: Table 1. Levels of Evidence and Grading of Recommendations Few studies have analyzed control of risk factors in a randomized, prospective manner following carotid endarterectomy. However, a wealth of data are available regarding the general relationship between risk factor control and stroke risk. These data provide some guidance for the care of endarterectomy patients. ### Hypertension Hypertension is the most powerful, prevalent, and treatable risk factor for stroke.3 Both systolic and diastolic blood pressure are independently related to stroke incidence. Isolated systolic hypertension, which is common in the elderly, also considerably increases risk of stroke. Reduction of elevated blood pressure significantly lowers risk of stroke. Meta-analyses of randomized trials found that an average reduction in diastolic blood pressure of 6 mm Hg produces a 42% reduction in stroke incidence.3 4 Treatment of isolated systolic hypertension in people older than 60 years also reduces stroke incidence by 36% without an excessive number of side effects such as depression or dementia.5 Long-term care of patients after endarterectomy should include careful control of hypertension (Grade A recommendation for treatment of hypertension in general; Grade C recommendation for postendarterectomy care). Perioperative treatment of hypertension after carotid endarterectomy represents a special situation. Poor control of blood pressure after endarterectomy increases risk of cerebral hyperperfusion syndrome.6 7 8 9 This complication is characterized by unilateral headache, seizures, and occasionally altered mental status or focal neurological signs. Neuroimaging may show intracerebral hemorrhages10 11 12 or white …
Microbial‐induced heterogeneity in the acoustic properties of porous media

It is not known how biofilms affect seismic wave propagation in porous media. Such knowledge is critical for assessing the utility of seismic techniques for imaging biofilm development and their effects in field settings. Acoustic wave data were acquired over a two‐dimensional region of a microbial‐stimulated sand column and an unstimulated sand column. The acoustic signals from the unstimulated column were relatively uniform over the 2D scan region. The data from the microbial‐stimulated column exhibited a high degree of spatial heterogeneity in the acoustic wave amplitude, with some regions exhibiting significant increases in attenuation while others exhibited decreases. Environmental scanning electron microscopy showed differences in the structure of the biofilm between regions of increased and decreased acoustic wave amplitude. We conclude from these observations that variations in microbial growth and biofilm structure cause heterogeneity in the elastic properties of porous media with implications for the validation of bioclogging models.
Semantic Organization and Reference: Acquisition of Two Aspects of the Meaning of Color Terms.

This study investigates acquisition of two aspects of the meaning of color terms: semantic organization and reference. A longitudinal, repeated measure design was used, and data were collected from 33 subjects, 2 to 4 years old at first testing. Four tasks were used: one to assess semantic organizaticia (the acquisition of the superordinate/hyponymic relation between "colorn and various color terms); two to assess acquisition of correct specific refergnts for color terms; and one to assess acquisition of a more general reference (knowing that color terms refer to the dimension of color as opposed to another dimension such as size). Results indicate that semantic organization precedes acquisition of correct specific referential meaning. Results from the general referential task show that most subjects had acquired an appropriate dimensional meaning. (Author/S4 *********************************************************************** Documents acquired by ERIC include many informal unpublished * materials not available from other sources. ERIC makes every effort * * to obtain the best copy-available. Nevertheless, items of marginal * * reproducibility are often encountered and this affects the quality * * of the microfiqhe and hardcopy reproductions ERIC makes available * * via the ERIC Document Reproduction Service (EDRS). EDRS is not * responsible for the quality of the original document. Reproductions * * supplied by EDRS are the best that can be made from the original. * *********************************************************************** U.S. DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH. EDUCATION S. WELFARE NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF 11. '4 EDUCATION N's4 THIS DOCUMENT HAS BEEN REPRO. OUCEO EXACTLY AS RECEIVED FROM THE PERSON OR ORGANIZATION ORIGIN00 ATING IT POINTS OF VIEW OR OPINIONS STATED DO NOT NECESSARILY NEPREtr\ SENT OFFICIAL NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF EOUCATION POSITION OR POLICY SEMANTIC ORGANIZATION AND REFERENCE: ACQUISITION OF TWO ASPECTS OF THE MEANING OF.COLOR TERMS
An interlaboratory comparison of measurements from filament-stretching rheometers using common test fluids

Following development of a filament-stretching extensional rheometer at Monash University, similar rheometers have been designed and built in other laboratories. To help validate the basic technique, a collaborative program was undertaken to compare results from several instruments. First, three test fluids prepared at the University of California at Berkeley were characterized in steady and transient shear flows there and at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (M.I.T.), and then tested in extensional rheometers at M.I. T. , Monash and the University of Toronto. Each fluid is a constant-viscosity solution of narrow-molecular-weight-distribution polystyrene dissolved in oligomeric polystyrene. The solute molecular weights are 2.0, 6.5, and 20 million g/mol, and the polymer concentration in each fluid is 0.05 wt. %. From linear viscoelastic measurements, the Zimm relaxation times of the fluids are found to be 3.7, 31, and 150 s, respectively. The scaling of relaxation times with molecular weight indicat.
SM-20 Is a Novel Mitochondrial Protein That Causes Caspase-dependent Cell Death in Nerve Growth Factor-dependent Neurons*

Sympathetic neurons undergo protein synthesis-dependent apoptosis when deprived of nerve growth factor (NGF). Expression of SM-20 is up-regulated in NGF-deprived sympathetic neurons, and ectopic SM-20 is sufficient to promote neuronal death in the presence of NGF. We now report that SM-20 is a mitochondrial protein that promotes cell death through a caspase-dependent mechanism. SM-20 immunofluorescence was present in the cytoplasm in a punctate pattern that colocalized with cytochrome oxidase I and with mitochondria-selective dyes. Analysis of SM-20/dihydrofolate reductase fusion proteins revealed that the first 25 amino acids of SM-20 contain a functional mitochondrial targeting sequence. An amino-terminal truncated form of SM-20 was not restricted to mitochondria but instead localized throughout the cytosol and nucleus. Nevertheless, the truncated SM-20 retained the ability to induce neuronal death, similar to the wild type protein. SM-20-induced death was accompanied by caspase-3 activation and was blocked by a general caspase inhibitor. Additionally, overexpression of SM-20, under conditions where cell death is blocked by a general caspase inhibitor, did not result in widespread release of cytochrome c from mitochondria. These results indicate that SM-20 is a novel mitochondrial protein that may be an important mediator of neurotrophin-withdrawal-mediated cell death.
Modeling Software Defects as Anomalies: A Case Study on Promise Repository

Software defect prediction is a highly studied domain in Software Engineering research due to its importance in software development. In literature, various classification methods with static code attributes have been used to predict defects. However, defected instances are very few compared to non-defected instances and as such lead to imbalanced data. Traditional machine learning techniques give poor results for such data. In this paper an anomaly detection technique for software defect prediction, is proposed which is not affected by imbalanced data. The technique incorporates both univariate and multivariate Gaussian distribution to model non-defected software module. The defected software modules are then predicted based on their deviation from the generated model. To evaluate our approach, we implemented the algorithm and tested it on the NASA datasets from the PROMISE repository. By utilizing this approach, we observed an average balance of 63.36% and 69.06% in univariate model and multivariate model respectively. Without utilizing optimization or filter, this approach yield better result than industry standard of 60%.
Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor and Neuropsychiatric Disorders

Brain derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) is the most prevalent growth factor in the central nervous system (CNS). It is essential for the development of the CNS and for neuronal plasticity. Because BDNF plays a crucial role in development and plasticity of the brain, it is widely implicated in psychiatric diseases. This review provides a summary of clinical and preclinical evidence for the involvement of this ubiquitous growth factor in major depressive disorder, schizophrenia, addiction, Rett syndrome, as well as other psychiatric and neurodevelopmental diseases. In addition, the review includes a discussion of the role of BDNF in the mechanism of action of pharmacological therapies currently used to treat these diseases, such antidepressants and antipsychotics. The review also covers a critique of experimental therapies such as BDNF mimetics and discusses the value of BDNF as a target for future drug development.
Endogenous ileal losses of nitrogen and amino acids in pigs and piglets fed graded levels of casein

Abstract In order to determine ileal losses of nitrogen (N) and amino acids (AA) and the coefficients of apparent and true ileal digestibility (AID, TID) of N and AA from casein in piglets and pigs, two experiments were conducted. In Experiment 1, 24 piglets were used. The piglets were weaned at 17 days of age, weighing 6.4 kg and cannulated at terminal ileum. Ileal digesta was collected at 28 – 29 and 35 – 36 days of age in period 1 and 2, respectively. Feed intake was 150 and 300 g · d−1 during the first and second period. In Experiment 2, 16 castrates weighing 52.5 kg and cannulated at terminal ileum were used. The intake level of digestible energy was 2.5 times their maintenance requirement. The experiment lasted 7 days and ileal digesta was collected on day 6 – 7. Treatments consisted of four levels of N from casein: 8, 16, 24 and 32 g N · kg−1 feed, respectively. Results showed that N level did not increase N or AA ileal losses. In piglets, N and AA ileal losses were similar between periods, except for period 2, where losses per kg DMI were about 47 and 64% higher for glycine and proline, respectively (p < 0.05). When ileal losses from pigs and piglets were compared, piglets had higher (p < 0.05) ileal losses of N and AA (excepted glutamic acid and alanine). A lower (p < 0.05) AID was observed in piglets in period 2 for N, methionine, glutamic acid, glycine and proline. With exception of glycine in pigs, all values for TID of N and AA of casein were superior to 0.90. Piglets had higher TID of N, leucine, isoleucine, valine and phenylalanine. These results showed that piglets have higher ileal losses than pigs.
Neuroimaging of White Matter in Aging and Dementia

Clinical neuroscientists have focused increasing attention on white matter connections in the brain and on the effects of aging and disease on these connections. Recent advances in magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) analysis have given researchers new tools for quantifying and visualizing white matter to better relate white matter structure and function. The goals of this article are (a) to acquaint the reader with both established and newer methods for imaging and quantifying white matter anatomy and pathology; and (b) to review recent findings on white matter pathology in aging and dementia. Computer-assisted quantification appears to offer better statistical power than visual rating scales for detecting these relationships. New MR modalities such as diffusion imaging can detect white matter abnormalities not shown with conventional acquisition sequences. These newer techniques hold promise for early detection of disease and for delineating functional connections between brain areas.
Adhesion of Streptococcus sanguis CH3 to polymers with different surface free energies

The adhesion of the oral bacterium Streptococcus sanguis CH3 to various polymeric surfaces with surface free energies (gamma s) ranging from 22 to 141 erg cm-2 was investigated. Suspensions containing nine different bacterial concentrations (2.5 X 10(7) to 2.5 X 10(9) cells per ml) were used. After adhesion for 1 h at 21 degrees C and a standardized rinsing procedure, the number of attached bacteria per square centimeter (nb) was determined by scanning electron microscopy. The highest number of bacteria was consistently found on polytetrafluorethylene (gamma s = 22 erg cm-2), and the lowest number was found on glass (gamma s = 141 erg cm-2) at all bacterial concentrations tested. The overall negative correlation between nb and gamma s was weak. However, the slope of the line showing this decrease, calculated from an assumed linear relationship between nb and gamma s, appeared to depend strongly on the bacterial concentration and increased with increasing numbers of bacteria in the suspension. Analysis of the data for each separate polymer showed that the numbers of attached cells on polyvinyl chloride and polypropylene were higher but that those on polycarbonate were lower than would be expected on basis of a linear relationship between nb and gamma s. Desorption experiments were performed by first allowing the bacteria to attach to substrata for 1 h, after which the substrata and attached bacteria were removed to bacterial suspensions containing 10-fold lower bacterial concentrations. (ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Local Consistency Constrained Adaptive Neighbor Embedding for Text Image Super-Resolution

This paper proposes a robust single-image super-resolution method for enlarging low quality camera captured text image. The contribution of this work is twofold. First, we point out the non-local reconstruction problem in neighbor embedding based super-resolution by statistical analysis on an empirical data set. Second, we introduce a local consistency constraint to explicitly regularize the linear reconstruction process, and adaptively generate the most possible candidates for the high-resolution image patch. For the non-consistent candidates, we rely on its adjacent overlapping patches for capability verification. Experimental results demonstrate that our solution produces visually pleasing enlargements for various text images.
Nontrivial generalized analytic signals

In this paper, the generalized circular Hilbert transform with arbitrary phase shift is defined, furthermore, the related generalized circular analytic signal is discussed in terms of the property of the negative-Fourier frequency vanishing. By Cayley transform, we get the generalized analytic signal on the whole time range. Some examples are presented.
Towards User-Centric Rate Adaptations for VoIP Traffic *

Voice traffic by nature is high in data volume and sensitive to network impairments. Bandwidth requirement for voice calls is, therefore, higher. An increasingly serious dilemma, as the amount of VoIP traffic increases, is that it will not be fair to give priority to the multimedia traffic and starve its best-effort counter part; yet the voice data delivered might not be perceptible if each voice call is limited to the rate of an average TCP flow. We propose to approach this problem from a user-centric view and adapt the sending rate of the voice calls based on the user satisfaction. Such a
Known Artist Live Song ID: A Hashprint Approach

The goal of live song identiﬁcation is to recognize a song based on a short, noisy cell phone recording of a live performance. We propose a system for known-artist live song identiﬁcation and provide empirical evidence of its feasibility. The proposed system represents audio as a sequence of hashprints, which are binary ﬁngerprints that are derived from applying a set of spectro-temporal ﬁlters to a spectro-gram representation. The spectro-temporal ﬁlters can be learned in an unsupervised manner on a small amount of data, and can thus tailor its representation to each artist. Matching is performed using a cross-correlation approach with downsampling and rescoring. We evaluate our approach on the Gracenote live song identiﬁcation benchmark data set, and compare our results to ﬁve other base-line systems. Compared to the previous state-of-the-art, the proposed system improves the mean reciprocal rank from . 68 to . 79 , while simultaneously reducing the average runtime per query from 10 seconds down to 0 . 9 seconds.
Randomized and comparative study between two intra-hospital exercise programs for heart transplant patients.

OBJECTIVE To compare the effects of two physical therapy exercise in-hospital programs in pulmonary function and functional capacity of patients in the postoperative period of heart transplantation. METHODS Twenty-two heart transplanted patients were randomized to the control group (CG, n=11) and training group (TG, n=11). The control group conducted the exercise program adopted as routine in the institution and the training group has had a protocol consisting of 10 stages, with incremental exercises: breathing exercises, resistance training, stretching and walking. The programs began on the first day after extubation and stretched until hospital discharge. Assessed pulmonary function, distance walked in six minutes walk test (6MWT) and peripheral muscle strength by one repetition maximum test (1RM). RESULTS Similar behavior was observed between the two groups treated, with statistically significant increases between the first and second test of the following variables: FVC (59% in CG and 35.2% in TG); MIP (8.6% in CG and 53.5% in TG), MEP (28.8% in CG and 40.7% in TG) and 6MWT (44.5% in CG and 31.4% in TG). There was an increase of peripheral strength by 1RM test, over time, to the muscle groups of the elbow flexors, shoulder flexors, hip abductors and knee flexors. CONCLUSION Heart transplant patients benefit from exercise programs in hospital, regardless of the program type applied. A new training proposal did not result in superiority compared to routine programme applied. Exercise protocols provided improves in ventilatory variables and functional capacity of this population.
Expression and prognostic roles of beta-catenin in hepatocellular carcinoma: correlation with tumor progression and postoperative survival.

PURPOSE Although hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the most common primary malignant tumor of the human liver, the molecular changes and mechanisms that regulate its development and progression remain unclear. In the present study, we investigated the correlation between beta-catenin expression and clinical outcome in 51 patients with relatively small (maximal diameter < 30 mm), solitary HCCs. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN The tumors were classified according to histological tumor differentiation (grade I, 11 tumors; grade II, 28 tumors; grade III, 12 tumors). Using immunohistochemical methods to detect nuclear accumulation of beta-catenin, we investigated the correlation between beta-catenin expression and clinical outcome and compared the correlation with cyclin D1, Ki-67, and E-cadherin. RESULTS Focal or generalized nuclear beta-catenin expression was observed in 36.4% (4 of 11) of the grade I tumors, 39.3% (11 of 28) of the grade II tumors, and 25% (3 of 12) of the grade III tumors. Nuclear beta-catenin-positive grade III tumors were associated with significantly poorer survival (P = 0.004), whereas none of the patients with nuclear beta-catenin-negative grade I tumors died. With regard to proliferative activity, positive nuclear beta-catenin staining correlated significantly with an increased Ki-67 labeling index in grade I (P < 0.0001) and grade III (P = 0.0045) tumors and with reduced epithelial cadherin expression in the cell membrane (P < 0.001). In contrast, no association with the expression of cyclin D1, one of the target factors of beta-catenin, was detected. CONCLUSIONS Our present data suggest that beta-catenin plays important roles in promoting tumor progression by stimulating tumor cell proliferation and reducing the activity of cell adhesion systems and is associated with a poor prognosis, especially in patients with poorly differentiated HCCs.