Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The Printing Technology of the Tektronix Phaser® 340

The basic architecture of the Phaser  340 printer involves using the print substrate as the fast axis, rather than the print head as embodied in serial printer architectures. Then, in order to further increase printing speed, ink jet nozzles are distributed across the page wide print drum and the print head is displaced twice the distance between nozzles (for interlacing). In order to increase the printing speed further and avoid complexity of paper handling, the printing is accomplished in offset fashion by first printing on an aluminum drum coated with silicon oil then transferring to the media. This arrangement, shown in Figure 1, allows multiple page per minute print speeds and the first embodiment is capable of 4 ppm. The print head is a single device carrying all four colors, and the arrangement of nozzles arranged in four rows as shown in Figure 2.
Genome-Wide Integrative Transcriptional Profiling Identifies Age-Associated Signatures in Dogs

Mammals experience similar stages of embryonic development, birth, infancy, youth, adolescence, maturity, and senescence. While embryonic developmental processes have been extensively researched, many molecular mechanisms regulating the different life stages after birth, such as aging, remain unresolved. We investigated the conserved and global molecular transitions in transcriptional remodeling with age in dogs of 15 breeds, which revealed that genes underlying hormone level regulation and developmental programs were differentially regulated during aging. Subsequently, we show that the candidate genes associated with tumorigenesis also exhibit age-dependent DNA methylation patterns, which might have contributed to the tumor state through inhibiting the plasticity of cell differentiation processes during aging, and ultimately suggesting the molecular events that link the processes of aging and cancer. These results highlight that the rate of age-related transcriptional remodeling is influenced not only by the lifespan, but also by the timing of critical physiological milestones.
Apple leaf disease recognition in natural scenes based on re-parameterized SSD algorithm

At present, apple disease control mainly relies on manual recognition, which causes a waste of human resources. In order to improve the efficiency of disease detection, this study focuses on apple leaf disease images in natural scenes. A lightweight network RepSSD consisting of feature extraction module, multi-scale feature recognition, and structural reparameterization is designed to detect apple leaf diseases. Replace the backbone part of the network with RepVGG-A0 without identity branch, and the auxiliary convolutional layer is replaced with a re-parameterized RepConv module without identity branch on top of the SSD. The CBAM attention mechanism module is also added to ensure adequate extraction of global features of apple leaf disease images in natural scenes. The experimental results show that the improved SSD has better detection accuracy and real-time performance in apple leaf disease recognition with an accuracy of 93.05%, which is 2.56% better than the original SSD, and the overall number of parameters decreases by 47.8%, the computation volume reduces by 86.7%, so the overall effect is better than the current common object detection models. Therefore, the algorithm can be better applied to apple disease control. Therefore, the model can be better used for apple disease control.
Structure and Dielectric Properties of Poly(vinylidenefluoride-co-trifluoroethylene) Copolymer Thin Films Using Atmospheric Pressure Plasma Deposition for Piezoelectric Nanogenerator

This study investigates the structural phase and dielectric properties of poly(vinylidenefluoride-co-trifluoroethylene) (P[VDF–TrFE]) thin films grown via atmospheric pressure (AP) plasma deposition using a mixed polymer solution comprising P[VDF–TrFE] polymer nano powder and dimethylformamide (DMF) liquid solvent. The length of the glass guide tube of the AP plasma deposition system is an important parameter in producing intense cloud-like plasma from the vaporization of DMF liquid solvent containing polymer nano powder. This intense cloud-like plasma for polymer deposition is observed in a glass guide tube of length 80 mm greater than the conventional case, thus uniformly depositing the P[VDF–TrFE] thin film with a thickness of 3 μm. The P[VDF–TrFE] thin films with excellent β-phase structural properties were coated under the optimum conditions at room temperature for 1 h. However, the P[VDF–TrFE] thin film had a very high DMF solvent component. The post-heating treatment was then performed on a hotplate in air for 3 h at post-heating temperatures of 140 °C, 160 °C, and 180 °C to remove DMF solvent and obtain pure piezoelectric P[VDF–TrFE] thin films. The optimal conditions for removing the DMF solvent while maintaining the β phases were also examined. The post-heated P[VDF–TrFE] thin films at 160 °C had a smooth surface with nanoparticles and crystalline peaks of β phases, as confirmed by the Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and XRD analysis. The dielectric constant of the post-heated P[VDF–TrFE] thin film was measured to be 30 using an impedance analyzer at 10 kHz and is expected to be applied to electronic devices such as low-frequency piezoelectric nanogenerators.
A Generalization of Gill's Heat-Induced Tropical Circulation

Abstract In this note, the local solution of Gill for the symmetric and the antisymmetric heat sources and sinks is extended to the entire global tropical belt by the authors. The symmetric and antisymmetric heating forced solutions of the motion field derived from the linearized shallow-water equations describe many aspects of the winter and the summer monsoon circulations. The extension, provided here, describes the response of tropical circulation to the global tropical heat sources and sinks retrieved from a satellite-based field of the outgoing longwave radiation through regression algorithms. Such a prescribed field is expanded into a low-order set of trigonometric functions in the zonal direction and parabolic cylinder functions along the meridional coordinate. Upon sequential substitution of these modes into the linearized shallow-water equations on a beta plane, it is possible to solve for the heating forced solutions in a closed analytical form for the entire Tropics. The solutions exhibit most .
Design of Fourier transform lenses in VHDSS

A kind of Fourier transform lenses applied in the volume holographic data storage system (VHDSS) is presented. It is designed to meet the special need of the VHDSS for the Fourier transform lenses. An optical automatic design software ZEMAX is used in the procession. After compromise, the structure is designed to be the double convex-plan. The lens has many advantages: simple structure, easy fabrication and low cost; changing the focal length (FL) easily, achieving different FL ratio conveniently; short FL and compact system structure; large field range increasing the storage density of VHDSS. The lens can be applied in registration between the 1k×1k spatial light modulator(SLM) and CCD in the VHDSS.
Acute Myeloid Leukemia Stem Cells in Minimal/Measurable Residual Disease Detection

Simple Summary Leukemia stem cells (LSCs) are rare cell populations present in acute myeloid leukemia (AML) that are resistant to chemotherapy and cause disease relapse in patients even after initial therapy-induced disease remission. Minimal or measurable disease detection (MRD) allows for estimating the residual disease burden after chemotherapy and helps in clinical management of the patient with AML. However, due to current technical limitations, LSCs are not routinely detected as part of MRD assessment, and there is a lack of a standard guideline for quantifying LSCs as part of MRD. This review discusses current research advancements in LSC detection during MRD and outlines future directions for making progress with such research and clinical practice. Such information will be useful to clinicians and biomedical researchers who are trying to advance the field, as well as to the broader research community seeking insight into the pathobiology of and clinical management strategies for AML. Abstract Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is a hematological malignancy characterized by an abundance of incompletely matured or immature clonally derived hematopoietic precursors called leukemic blasts. Rare leukemia stem cells (LSCs) that can self-renew as well as give rise to leukemic progenitors comprising the bulk of leukemic blasts are considered the cellular reservoir of disease initiation and maintenance. LSCs are widely thought to be relatively resistant as well as adaptive to chemotherapy and can cause disease relapse. Therefore, it is imperative to understand the molecular bases of LSC forms and functions during different stages of disease progression, so we can more accurately identify these cells and design therapies to target them. Irrespective of the morphological, cytogenetic, and cellular heterogeneity of AML, the uniform, singularly important and independently significant prognosticator of disease response to therapy and patient outcome is measurable or minimal residual disease (MRD) detection, defined by residual disease detection below the morphology-based 5% blast threshold. The importance of LSC identification and frequency estimation during MRD detection, in order to make MRD more effective in predicting disease relapse and modifying therapeutic regimen is becoming increasingly apparent. This review focuses on summarizing functional and cellular composition-based LSC identification and linking those studies to current techniques of MRD detection to suggest LSC-inclusive MRD detection as well as outline outstanding questions that need to be addressed to improve the future of AML clinical management and treatment outcomes.
Impact of shading on evapotranspiration and water stress of urban trees

Evapotranspiration of urban street trees is essential in mitigating urban heat islands due to its cooling effect. However, current shifts in rainfall and temperature regimes towards drier and hotter periods in Central Europe have caused substantial water stress for street trees. Quantifying and subsequently managing these changing dynamics as well as estimating evapotranspiration and water availability is necessary but at the same time extremely challenging in urban environments. Both dynamics are influenced by soil sealing and complex shading patterns of the surrounding street canyon, which vary on a small spatial scale as a function of the canyon layout and orientation. In the present study, the diurnal patterns of six typical urban shading types for street trees were derived by considering a large set of street orientations, widths and tree positions within the street canyon. A shading model was integrated into a hydrological urban tree model to assess the impact of those shading types on diurnal patterns of radiation and evapotranspiration rates calculated using the Penman–Monteith approach and the resulting soil moisture conditions for several vegetation seasons and water‐supply scenarios. The modelling results showed that the six shading patterns significantly influenced the simulated hourly, daily and seasonal potential and actual evapotranspiration rates and water availability. Shaded trees have a substantially reduced, simulated water stress period, regardless of initial water supply, and are able to provide a longer‐lasting cooling function during dry periods due to higher evapotranspiration rates later in the summer season.
Improved adaptive template updating strategy based on correlation filter in tracking

Linear interpolation is adopted to update model with a fixed learning rate in target tracking. The traditional template update method is not satisfactory when dealing with complex environments. In order to prevent losing the target and improve the robustness, this paper creatively uses the NPSR (normalized peak side lobe ratio) to establish a target occlusion judgment mechanism. Taking the NPSR as the confidence, the weights of all historical templates are set according to the confidence. Therefore, the filtering template with the highest local historical reliability is fused with the original update mechanism. Then, the learning rate in the template update process is adaptively adjusted according to the current state of the target. Based on the OTB100 datasets, the improved adaptive template update strategy is applied to the KCF (Kernel Correlation Filter) tracking algorithm. The results show that our method has important research and application value for the correlation filter tracking algorithm.
Impact of Designed Task-Based Interventions on K-8 Preservice Teachers’ Knowledge and Ability to Solve Measurement Unit Conversion Problems

Converting two-dimensional measurement units presents challenges for K-8 preservice teachers (PSTs) (e.g., 9 ft2 = __ yd2). Place value deficiency, lack of understanding of metric system measurement units, misconceptions about relationships between measurement units, and uncertain knowledge of ratios have been identified as causes of student error in one-dimensional analysis (e.g., Livy Vale, 2011; Morris, 2001; Southwell Penglase, 2005). However, PSTs’ strategies for solving two-dimensional measurement unit conversion problems (MUCPs) and possible interventions for improvement are rarely investigated in research. The purpose of this study is to design and test a set of tasks that may help students develop correct conceptions and skills for solving MUCPs with the emphasis on two-dimensional problems. The research question is: What is the potential impact of designed task-based interventions on K-8 preservice teachers’ knowledge and ability to solve MUCPs? Data participants are 40 K-8 PSTs enrolled in a Foundations of Data and Geometry course. PSTs completed four MUCPs each in a pre-test and a post-test. Analysis of PSTs’ results from both control and treatment groups show an improvement in the treatment group.
Physics teachers’ dispositions related to culturally relevant pedagogy

ABSTRACT In light of recent efforts to increase the diversity of the physics workforce, the need to counter the long-term marginalisation of students of colour from physics has received more attention. Culturally relevant pedagogy (CRP) is a multicultural approach to teaching and learning designed to attend to students’ culture as starting points toward learning canonical disciplinary knowledge (Ladson-Billings, 1995). This research explored physics teachers’ dispositions regarding implementing culturally relevant practices in their classrooms. The study participants were a select group of physics teachers expressing interest in culturally relevant instruction (n = 6). The teachers participated in interviews using a semi-structured protocol. Interviews were transcribed and analysed using inductive coding. Interview analysis showed four categories of teacher dispositions about CRP: (1) recognition of CRP as a need for various approaches to teaching, (2) use of culture as a pedagogical reference, (3) recognition of systemic inequities, and (4) recognition of the role of socio-political factors in CRP. Despite the productive beginning identified, the results also suggest that these physics teachers had difficulty identifying precisely how to enact culturally relevant practices in their physics instruction. This result indicates the need for further research into physics teachers’ thinking about and using culturally relevant pedagogy.
A Novel Wideband Beamforming Antenna for 5G Applications by Eliminating the Phase Shifters and Crossovers from the Butler Matrix

|In this study, a novel Switched Beam Antenna (SBA) system is proposed and experimentally validated for C-band applications. The system is made up of a 4 (cid:2) 4 Butler matrix, whose outputs are connected to four square-looped radiator antenna elements. The originality of the proposed work depends on the construction of a miniaturized beamforming network with minimal complexity, low loss, and low expense. Moreover, designing a system with a broad frequency range enables its use in a variety of applications. Miniaturization is achieved by eliminating the crossover and integrating the 45 ◦ shifter into the 90 ◦ hybrid coupler, as well as tilting the antenna array (i.e., making the Butler matrix output and the feed line of the antenna element orthogonal). The simulated results of the phase diﬀerence between the suggested Butler matrix outputs closely match the (cid:0) 45 ◦ {135 ◦ theoretical calculations. The SBA measured results show a wide bandwidth and low insertion loss of 63.64% (4.21{8.14 GHz) and (cid:0) 4 : 89 dB, respectively. Four orthogonal beams are produced by the proposed structure’s input ports 1{4 when they are excited. These beams are aligned at angles of (cid:0) 10 ◦ , 60 ◦ , (cid:0) 60 ◦ , and 10 ◦ at 5.7 GHz.
Comprehensive Assessment of the Antioxidant and Anticancer Potential of Selected Ethnobotanical Plants

Globally, among different types of cancers, breast cancer is identified as the chief cause of mortality among females, and it is a challenge to find new effective treatment strategies with minimal side effects and increased efficacy. Plants are an integral part of the traditional indigenous healthcare system and are becoming the concrete source of new drug discovery. Thus, there is a need to obtain a scientific basis for applying traditionally used plants in cancer treatments that may harbour novel phytochemicals. Therefore, this study aims to investigate the antioxidant and anticancer potential of selected plants of ethnobotanical importance. Five plants of ethnobotanical importance were selected and screened to determine their antioxidant potential through various in vitro free radical scavenging assays (such as DPPH, ABTS, hydroxyl, and superoxide radical scavenging), ferric chelation, and total antioxidant potential, and the total phenolic and flavonoid content was estimated for the selected plants. In contrast, the anticancer potential of crude plant extracts was assessed using MTT (3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide) against different breast cancer (MCF-7, MDA-MB-231, and MDA-MB-435S) and hepatic cancer cell lines (HepG2), and human PBMCs (peripheral blood mononuclear cells) were used for toxicity studies. The MTT results showed that among all of the crude plant extracts (CAN = Etlingera linguiformis, SES = Sesbania grandiflora, LEX = Smilax ovalifolia, DES = Desmodium triflorum, and CA = Chenopodium album), it was CAN and LEX that showed the best cytotoxic potential on exposed breast cancer cell lines in contrast to SES, DES, and CA. In addition, at the selected dosages that were exposed to breast cancer cells, none of the extracts from any of the five plants showed any cytotoxicity against human PBMCs. Thus, the crude extracts can be explored further for chemopreventive and anticancer activity on murine models to understand their underlying mechanism for effective cancer management.
Proposal and application of structural soundness monitoring system for the buckling‐restrained brace using steel mortar planks

A structural soundness monitoring system for building steel structures is effective for a quick inspection just after large earthquakes. A damage‐controlled structure can be monitored effectively because damage is strictly concentrated in energy‐absorbed members, and that, in this case, the physical quantity suitable for monitoring is displacements of those energy absorbed members. Buckling‐restrained braces (also, the BRB using steel mortar planks, BRBSM), one of the energy‐absorption members, can be directly monitored by the monitoring sensor; it will be possible to quickly evaluate the extent of damage and make a prompt decision on the replacement. Focusing on functionality of a structural soundness monitoring system, a damage evaluation method of the BRB using steel mortar planks and its corresponding monitoring system are verified conducting by a cyclic loading test. It is demonstrated that the cumulative plastic strain energy can be estimated approximately using this system, and this system is adapted to a mid‐rise steel building.
Education, Off-the-Job Vocational Training, and Early Employment Outcomes: Evidence from Italy

Education and training are primary sources of individual human capital. We explored the relationship between education and off-the-job vocational training and the impact of training programmes on youth employment in Italy. We focused on three outcomes: employment probability, use of formal/informal job search channels, and skill matching. We identified programme effects by comparing the outcomes of treatment and control groups using propensity score matching with a robustness check to assess the potential bias due to unobservable characteristics. Individuals with vocational high school degrees are more likely to participate in vocational training programmes, but in southern regions, individuals with technical or generalist high school degrees also attend vocational training programmes. Vocational training programmes have positive effects on youth employment outcomes, reduce the use of informal job search channels, and improve skill matching, especially in the centre-northern regions.
Local and systemic immune markers of persistent airway inflammation induced by house dust mite allergens

Laura Tamašauskienė successfully defended a doctoral dissertation “Local and Systemic Immune Markers of Persistent Airway Inflammation Induced by House Dust Mite Allergens” at the open session of the Medical Research Council of the Lithuanian University of Health Sciences on August 30, 2022. The Dissertation has been prepared at the Department of Immunology and Allergology of Faculty of Medicine of Lituanian University of Health Sciences during the period of the 2018–2022 year. The article presents the main results of the dissertation. Scientific Supervisor: Prof. Dr. Brigita Šitkauskienė (Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Medical and Health Sciences, Medicine – M 001). The Defense Council: prof. Dr. Elona Juozaitytė, chairperson (Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Medical and Health Sciences, Medicine – M 001); prof. Dr. Juozas Kupčinskas (Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Medical and Health Sciences, Medicine – M 001); prof. Dr. Andrius Macas (Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Medical and Health Sciences, Medicine – M 001); assoc. Prof. Dr. Vincas Urbonas (Vilnius University, Medical and Health Sciences, Medicine – M 001); dr. Nicholas Brodszki (Lund University, Medical and Health Sciences, Medicine – M 001).
A High-Reliability RF MEMS Metal-Contact Switch Based on Al-Sc Alloy

This paper presents a new metal-contact RF MEMS switch based on an Al-Sc alloy. The use of an Al-Sc alloy is intended to replace the traditional Au-Au contact, which can greatly improve the hardness of the contact, and thus improve the reliability of the switch. The multi-layer stack structure is adopted to achieve the low switch line resistance and hard contact surface. The polyimide sacrificial layer process is developed and optimized, and the RF switches are fabricated and tested for pull-in voltage, S-parameters, and switching time. The switch shows high isolation of more than 24 dB and a low insertion loss of less than 0.9 dB in the frequency range of 0.1–6 GHz.