Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Digital Watermark based Authentication for Intrusion Detection of DigitalSubstations

The paper proposes the use of digital watermark based authentication for intrusion detection in IEC 61850automated substations. The watermark can be embedded into the Least Significant Bits of the measurements without visible deterioration in precision. When Intelligent Electronics Devices gets measurements, the watermark in the measurement can be retrieved to determine whether it has been attacked and detect malicious intrusion. The proposed approach is appropriate for the time critical and resource constrained applications in substation automation system for its simplicity. Numerical simulation shows that the process latency and error incurred by watermarking is acceptable and will not impact performance of protective function in IEC 61850 automated substations.
Science and Applications ( AIC-MITCSA ) IRAQ ( 9-10 ) May

This paper describes systematically two methods used in intelligent transportation systems: Distance Estimation using an onboard camera and car position detection. Distance estimation is a method for detecting distance for the preceding vehicles based on monocular camera. Vehicle position detection is a method of specifying the vehicle position relative to the road that can serve as Lane Departure Warning system. These two approaches have been discussed and implemented in this article. For lane detection and tracking, Hough Transform and Kalman filter were adopted. A brief introduction about both lane detection system and object detection is given. Finally, both approaches have been evaluated on a large dataset of videos.
Comic visualization on smartphones based on eye tracking

The visualization of comic images on a small screen is a difficult problem as the image is too large to be displayed on the screen and we do not know which areas and in which order the users want to see the image. The basic solution for the user is to look at the image in full screen without being able to see the details, or to zoom and scroll through the image, which can be quite inconvenient if the interactions have to often be repeated. Our idea is to use an eye tracker to record where the users reading a comic on paper books or large screens are looking at, to reproduce their reading behaviors with a comic visualization system and guide the users using a smaller screen through the comic.
Critical realism and ICT4D research

There is little overt engagement with research paradigms in ICT4D research, but what there is shows a dominance of positivism and interpretivism. In this paper, we explore the value of a “third way” research paradigm: critical realism. We concisely review the main features of critical realism: its ontological realism combined with epistemological relativism; its iterative, pluralist, and reflexive methodology; and its emancipatory values. Alongside the general value of explicit use of any research paradigm, we argue two particular types of value of critical realism for ICT4D research. First, generic values including exposure of context, a contingent causality that reflects real‐world ICT4D experiences, support for use of theoretical frames in ICT4D, legitimisation of different stakeholder views, and reduction of research bias and support for ICT4D's interventionist approach and its goal of delivering international development. Second, specific value in addressing current trends in ICT4D research: The growing search for causal links between “ICT” and “D,” and the political and ethical turns in ICT4D that are spurring researchers to engage more with issues of power, rights, and justice. But delivery of critical realism's utility will require the ICT4D research community to take actions that enable this emergent research paradigm to flourish.
Clinicopathological significance of psychotic experiences in non-psychotic young people: evidence from four population-based studies

Background Epidemiological research has shown that hallucinations and delusions, the classic symptoms of psychosis, are far more prevalent in the population than actual psychotic disorder. These symptoms are especially prevalent in childhood and adolescence. Longitudinal research has demonstrated that psychotic symptoms in adolescence increase the risk of psychotic disorder in adulthood. There has been a lack of research, however, on the immediate clinicopathological significance of psychotic symptoms in adolescence. Aims To investigate the relationship between psychotic symptoms and non-psychotic psychopathology in community samples of adolescents in terms of prevalence, co-occurring disorders, comorbid (multiple) psychopathology and variation across early v. middle adolescence. Method Data from four population studies were used: two early adolescence studies (ages 11–13 years) and two mid-adolescence studies (ages 13–16 years). Studies 1 and 2 involved school-based surveys of 2243 children aged 11–16 years for psychotic symptoms and for emotional and behavioural symptoms of psychopathology. Studies 3 and 4 involved in-depth diagnostic interview assessments of psychotic symptoms and lifetime psychiatric disorders in community samples of 423 children aged 11–15 years. Results Younger adolescents had a higher prevalence (21–23%) of psychotic symptoms than older adolescents (7%). In both age groups the majority of adolescents who reported psychotic symptoms had at least one diagnosable non-psychotic psychiatric disorder, although associations with psychopathology increased with age: nearly 80% of the mid-adolescence sample who reported psychotic symptoms had at least one diagnosis, compared with 57% of the early adolescence sample. Adolescents who reported psychotic symptoms were at particularly high risk of having multiple co-occurring diagnoses. Conclusions Psychotic symptoms are important risk markers for a wide range of non-psychotic psychopathological disorders, in particular for severe psychopathology characterised by multiple co-occurring diagnoses. These symptoms should be carefully assessed in all patients.
Dissecting Oct3/4-Regulated Gene Networks in Embryonic Stem Cells by Expression Profiling

POU transcription factor Pou5f1 (Oct3/4) is required to maintain ES cells in an undifferentiated state. Here we show that global expression profiling of Oct3/4-manipulated ES cells delineates the downstream target genes of Oct3/4. Combined with data from genome-wide chromatin-immunoprecipitation (ChIP) assays, this analysis identifies not only primary downstream targets of Oct3/4, but also secondary or tertiary targets. Furthermore, the analysis also reveals that downstream target genes are regulated either positively or negatively by Oct3/4. Identification of a group of genes that show both activation and repression depending on Oct3/4 expression levels provides a possible mechanism for the requirement of appropriate Oct3/4 expression to maintain undifferentiated ES cells. As a proof-of-principle study, one of the downstream genes, Tcl1, has been analyzed in detail. We show that Oct3/4 binds to the promoter region of Tcl1 and activates its transcription. We also show that Tcl1 is involved in the regulation of proliferation, but not differentiation, in ES cells. These findings suggest that the global expression profiling of gene-manipulated ES cells can help to delineate the structure and dynamics of gene regulatory networks.
SMC rover: planetary rover with transformable wheels

We propose a new planetary rover system called "SMC rover". This system consists of one main body and some wheel units, which are detachable and able to work as child rovers, called "Uni-Rover". Trial models of "Uni-Rover" and "SMC rover" have been designed. This paper explains the mechanisms of this rover, and also results of the basic experiments performed.
Applying evolutionary concepts to wildlife disease ecology and management

Existing and emerging infectious diseases are among the most pressing global threats to biodiversity, food safety and human health. The complex interplay between host, pathogen and environment creates a challenge for conserving species, communities and ecosystem functions, while mediating the many known ecological and socio‐economic negative effects of disease. Despite the clear ecological and evolutionary contexts of host–pathogen dynamics, approaches to managing wildlife disease remain predominantly reactionary, focusing on surveillance and some attempts at eradication. A few exceptional studies have heeded recent calls for better integration of ecological concepts in the study and management of wildlife disease; however, evolutionary concepts remain underused. Applied evolution consists of four principles: evolutionary history, genetic and phenotypic variation, selection and eco‐evolutionary dynamics. In this article, we first update a classical framework for understanding wildlife disease to integrate better these principles. Within this framework, we explore the evolutionary implications of environment–disease interactions. Subsequently, we synthesize areas where applied evolution can be employed in wildlife disease management. Finally, we discuss some future directions and challenges. Here, we underscore that despite some evolutionary principles currently playing an important role in our understanding of disease in wild animals, considerable opportunities remain for fostering the practice of evolutionarily enlightened wildlife disease management.
Title Bacterial adhesion onto nanofiltration and reverse osmosismembranes : Effect of permeate flux

The influence of permeate flux on bacterial adhesion to NF and RO membranes was examined using two model Pseudomonas species, namely Pseudomonas fluorescens and Pseudomonas putida. To better understand the initial biofouling profile during NF/RO processes, deposition experiments were conducted in cross flow under permeate flux varying from 0.5 up to 120 L/h.m, using six NF and RO membranes each having different surface properties. All experiments were performed at a Reynolds number of 579. Complementary adhesion experiments were performed using Pseudomonas cells grown to early-, midand late-exponential growth phases to evaluate the effect of bacterial cell surface properties during cell adhesion under permeate flux conditions. Results from this study show that initial bacterial adhesion is strongly dependent on the permeate flux conditions, where increased adhesion was obtained with increased permeate flux, until a maximum of 40% coverage was reached. Membrane surface properties or bacterial growth stages was further found to have little impact on bacterial adhesion to NF and RO membrane surfaces under the conditions tested. These results emphasise the importance of conducting adhesion and biofouling experiments under realistic permeate flux conditions, and raises the questions about the efficacy of the methods for the evaluation of antifouling membranes in which bacterial adhesion is commonly assessed under zero-flux or low flux conditions, unrepresentative of full-scale NF/RO processes.
Acoustic Vibrations of Single Suspended Gold Nanostructures

By Todd A. Major The acoustic vibrations for single gold nanowires and gold plates were studied using time-resolved ultrafast transient absorption. The objective of this work was to remove the contribution of the supporting substrate from the damping of the acoustic vibrations of the metal nano-objects. This was achieved by suspending the nano-objects across trenches created by photolithography and reactive ion etching. Transient absorption measurements for single suspended gold nanowires were initially completed in air and water environments. The acoustic vibrations for gold nanowires over the trench in air last typically for several nanoseconds, whereas gold nanowires in water are damped more quickly. Continuum mechanics models suggest that the acoustic impedance mismatch between air and water dominates the damping rate. Later transient absorption studies on single suspended gold nanowires were completed in glycerol and ethylene glycol environments. However, our continuum mechanical model suggests nearly complete damping in glycerol due to its high viscosity, but similar damping rates are seen between the two liquids. The continuum mechanics model thus incorrectly addresses high viscosity effects on the lifetimes of the acoustic vibrations, and more complicated viscoelastic interactions occur for the higher viscosity liquids.
Endogenous Sex Hormone Levels and Mammographic Density among Postmenopausal Women

Background: Mammographic density is one of the strongest predictors of breast cancer risk. The mechanism by which breast density increases breast cancer risk is unclear although it has been hypothesized that breast density reflects cumulative exposure to estrogens. Methods: To evaluate this hypothesis, we conducted a cross-sectional study among 520 postmenopausal women in the Nurses' Health Study that examined the relation between circulating sex hormones and mammographic density. Women were postmenopausal and not taking exogenous hormones at the time of blood collection and mammogram. Percent breast density was measured from digitized mammograms using a computer-assisted method. Circulating estrone, estradiol, androstenedione, testosterone, DHEA, DHEA sulfate, sex hormone–binding globulin, progesterone, and prolactin were measured in plasma. Results: In contrast to the prior hypothesis, circulating estrogens were inversely related to percent mammographic density. The mean percent mammographic density was 25.6% among women in the lowest quartile of circulating estradiol compared with 14.4% among women in the highest quartile [Spearman correlation (r) = −0.22, P < 0.0001]. Circulating estrogens alone explained 1% to 5% of the variation of mammographic density. Body mass index was positively associated with circulating estradiol levels (r = 0.45, P < 0.0001) and inversely related to percent mammographic density (r = −0.51, P < 0.0001). After adjustment for body mass index, there was no association between estradiol and breast density (r = 0.01, P = 0.81). Likewise, there was no relation between the other sex hormones measured or prolactin and mammographic density after adjustment for body mass index. Conclusion: These findings indicate that in postmenopausal women, mammographic density is independent of circulating sex hormone levels.
JIP1 Mediates Anterograde Transport of Rab10 Cargos during Neuronal Polarization

Axon development and elongation require strictly controlled new membrane addition. Previously, we have shown the involvement of Rab10 in directional membrane insertion of plasmalemmal precursor vesicles (PPVs) during neuronal polarization and axonal growth. However, the mechanism responsible for PPV transportation remains unclear. Here we show that c-Jun N-terminal kinase-interacting protein 1 (JIP1) interacts with GTP-locked active form of Rab10 and directly connects Rab10 to kinesin-1 light chain (KLC). The kinesin-1/JIP1/Rab10 complex is required for anterograde transport of PPVs during axonal growth. Downregulation of JIP1 or KLC or disrupting the formation of this complex reduces anterograde transport of PPVs in developing axons and causes neuronal polarity defect. Furthermore, this complex plays an important role in neocortical neuronal polarization of rats in vivo. Thus, this study has demonstrated a mechanism underlying directional membrane trafficking involved in axon development.
Astronomical Applications of Astrometry: The Hipparcos and Tycho Catalogues

This chapter describes various aspects of the Hipparcos and Tycho Catalogues useful for understanding the scientific exploitation considered in subsequent chapters. It describes some of the satellite measurement principles relevant for an understanding of the catalogue contents; the published intermediate astrometry data; details of the adopted reference frame; basic transformations relevant to catalogue users; details of the Tycho 2 Catalogue construction; error assessment; and details of associated data such as radial velocities and cross-identifications. The Hipparcos Catalogue contains 118 218 entries, corresponding to an average of some three stars per square degree over the entire sky. Median precision of the five astrometric parameters (Hp < 9 mag) exceeded the original mission goals, and are between 0.6–1.0 mas. Some 20 000 distances were determined to better than 10%, and 50 000 to better than 20%. The inferred ratio of external to standard errors is ∼1. 0–1. 2, and estimated systematic errors are below 0.1 mas. The number of solved or suspected double or multiple stars is 23 882. Photometric observations yielded multi-epoch photometry with a mean number of 110 observations per star, a median photometric precision (Hp < 9 mag) of 0.0015 mag, and 11 597 entries were identified as variable or possibly variable. The Tycho Catalogue of just over 1 million stars was superseded in 2000 by the Tycho 2 Catalogue of some 2.5 million stars; both included two-colour photometry.
Chromosome Localization Changes in the Trypanosoma cruzi Nucleus

ABSTRACT Chromosome localization in the interphase nuclei of eukaryotes depends on gene replication and transcription. Little is known about chromosome localization in protozoan parasites such as trypanosomes, which have unique mechanisms for the control of gene expression, with most genes being posttranscriptionally regulated. In the present study, we examined where the chromosomes are replicated in Trypanosoma cruzi, the agent of Chagas' disease. The replication sites, identified by the incorporation of 5-bromodeoxyuridine, are located at the nuclear periphery in proliferating epimastigote forms in the early S phase of the cell cycle. When the S phase ends and cells progress through the cell cycle, 5-bromodeoxyuridine labeling is observed in the nuclear interior, suggesting that chromosomes move. We next monitored chromosome locations in different stages of the cell cycle by using a satellite DNA sequence as a probe in a fluorescence in situ hybridization assay. We found two distinct labeling patterns according to the cell cycle stage. The first one is seen in the G1 phase, in hydroxyurea-arrested epimastigotes or in trypomastigotes, which are differentiated nondividing forms. In all of these forms the satellite DNA is found in dots randomly dispersed in the nucleus. The other pattern is found in cells from the S phase to the G2 phase. In these cells, the satellite DNA is found preferentially at the nuclear periphery. The labeling at the nuclear periphery disappears only after mitosis. Also, DNA detected with terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase is found distributed throughout the nuclear space in the G1 phase but concentrated at the nuclear periphery in the S phase to the G2 phase. These results strongly suggest that T. cruzi chromosomes move and, after entering the S phase, become constrained at the nuclear periphery, where replication occurs.
Building comfortability and computation schedulability: A comparative study

Many energy consuming devices, especially thermostatically controlled electrical devices (TCED) such as air-conditioners, room heaters and refrigerators, have a periodic execution profile, tempting us to draw an analogy between the allocation of electrical power to TCEDs vis-à-vis the allocation of CPU time to computational tasks. The resulting mapping naturally leads us to make use of traditional real-time scheduling policies such as earliest deadline first (EDF) and least slack-time first (LSF) (and the associated schedulability analysis) in managing TCEDs to deal with energy management and peak power constraints. However, the analogy is not without detractors: the execution time (interval when a TCED is ON) and the period of a TCED are dynamic. In this work, we critically examine the similarities and the differences between real-time tasks and TCED activities. The focus of this work is to analyze the ability of scheduling policies from the real-time domain to attain desired thermal comfort within designated spaces, which we term as comfortability.
Relevance feedback for CBIR: a new approach based on probabilistic feature weighting with positive and negative examples

In content-based image retrieval, understanding the user's needs is a challenging task that requires integrating him in the process of retrieval. Relevance feedback (RF) has proven to be an effective tool for taking the user's judgement into account. In this paper, we present a new RF framework based on a feature selection algorithm that nicely combines the advantages of a probabilistic formulation with those of using both the positive example (PE) and the negative example (NE). Through interaction with the user, our algorithm learns the importance he assigns to image features, and then applies the results obtained to define similarity measures that correspond better to his judgement. The use of the NE allows images undesired by the user to be discarded, thereby improving retrieval accuracy. As for the probabilistic formulation of the problem, it presents a multitude of advantages and opens the door to more modeling possibilities that achieve a good feature selection. It makes it possible to cluster the query data into classes, choose the probability law that best models each class, model missing data, and support queries with multiple PE and/or NE classes. The basic principle of our algorithm is to assign more importance to features with a high likelihood and those which distinguish well between PE classes and NE classes. The proposed algorithm was validated separately and in image retrieval context, and the experiments show that it performs a good feature selection and contributes to improving retrieval effectiveness.
Leachate Treatment by Fenton Oxidation and Adsorption on Eggshell and Activated Carbon

The aim of this study was to evaluate the treatment of leachate from landfill through to Fenton advanced oxidation process with subsequent adsorption on the eggshell (ES) and activated carbon (AC). The project was carried out in laboratories of the Area of Chemistry and Physical Chemistry in Environmental of the University Autonomous Metropolitan-Azcapotzalco, between January 2012 and October 2014. The raw leached was chemically characterized by different techniques, some organic compounds by IR and chromatography coupled to mass gases were identified in the crude leached, pH was adjusted and relationship [Fe]/[H2O2] was optimized for oxidation treatment; followed by adsorption with eggshell by the technique of batch. ES particle size was selected by Original Research Article Zamora-Villafranco et al.; BJAST, 17(2): 1-18, 2016; Article no.BJAST. 28051 2 adsorption. The adsorbent treatment was completed with activated carbon, therefore the surface area of both adsorbents was measured and leached oxidized was characterized after each adsorption. Finally adsorption kinetics of pseudofirst-order and pseudo-second-order were obtained, where both kinetics were fulfilled. Freundlich and Temkin isotherms were calculated where the latter presented the best fit. With ES as adsorbent there was good COD removal, saving the use of activated carbon in all adsorption processes. Also to use ES as this investigation, contributes to environment as it is a residue. The liquid finally obtained with all complete treatment satisfied the NOM-001-SEMARNAT-1996 Mexican Standard.