Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Rule Discovery using Patterns from Joined Table of Relational Databases

Several problems exist for data mining in real world databases: the difficulty of determining a decision attribute when limited domain knowledge exists, the difficulty in selecting a decision attribute from a new table formed from joining several relations, and the problem of elaborate data selection in the knowledge discovery process. This paper presents algorithms to solve these problems using methods that 1) determine a good decision attribute based on an approach developed from rough set theory and decision tree generation and 2) find meaningful frequent patterns based on attributes and dependencies in relational databases which are used to cluster values and generate tables. Moreover, our methods take advantage of the fact that more general concepts occur more frequently, making stepwise refinement possible.
The Importance of Perceptual Experience in the Esthetic Appreciation of the Body

Several studies suggest that sociocultural models conveying extreme thinness as the widespread ideal of beauty exert an important influence on the perceptual and emotional representation of body image. The psychological mechanisms underlying such environmental influences, however, are unclear. Here, we utilized a perceptual adaptation paradigm to investigate how perceptual experience modulates body esthetic appreciation. We found that the liking judgments of round bodies increased or decreased after brief exposure to round or thin bodies, respectively. No change occurred in the liking judgments of thin bodies. The results suggest that perceptual experience may shape our esthetic appreciation to favor more familiar round body figures. Importantly, individuals with more deficits in interoceptive awareness were less prone to increase their liking ratings of round bodies after exposure, suggesting a specific risk factor for the susceptibility to the influence of the extreme thin vs. round body ideals of beauty portrayed by the media.
Traveled Distance Is a Sensitive and Accurate Marker of Motor Dysfunction in a Mouse Model of Multiple Sclerosis

Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a common central nervous system disease associated with progressive physical impairment. To study the mechanisms of the disease, we used experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE), an animal model of MS. EAE is induced by myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein35–55 peptide, and the severity of paralysis in the disease is generally measured using the EAE score. Here, we compared EAE scores and traveled distance using the open-field test for an assessment of EAE progression. EAE scores were obtained with a 6-step observational scoring system for paralysis, and the traveled distance was obtained by automatic trajectory analysis of natural exploratory behaviors detected by a computer. The traveled distance of the EAE mice started to decrease significantly at day 7 of the EAE process, when the EAE score still did not reflect a change. Moreover, in the relationship between the traveled distance and paralysis as measured by the EAE score after day 14, there was a high coefficient of determination between the distance and the score. The results suggest that traveled distance is a sensitive marker of motor dysfunction in the early phases of EAE progression and that it reflects the degree of motor dysfunction after the onset of paralysis in EAE.
Sparse Spatiotemporal Coding for Activity Recognition

We present a new approach to learning sparse, spatiotemporal features and demonstrate the utility of the approach by applying the resulting sparse codes to the problem of activity recognition. Learning features that discriminate among human activities in video is difficult in part because the stable space-time events that reliably characterize the relevant motions are rare. To overcome this problem, we adopt a multi-stage approach to activity recognition. In the initial preprocessing stage, we first whiten and apply local contrast normalization to each frame of the video. We then apply an additional set of filters to identify and extract salient space-time volumes that exhibit smooth periodic motion. We collect a large corpus of these space-time volumes as training data for the unsupervised learning of a sparse, over-complete basis using a variant of the two-phase analysis-synthesis algorithm of Olshausen and Field [1997]. We treat the synthesis phase, which consists of reconstructing the input as a sparse — mostly zero coefficient – linear combination of basis vectors, as an L1-regularized least-squares problem. We found most existing algorithms for solving the L1-regularized least-squares problem to be slow and perform poorly at the task of learning codes that are spatially oriented and temporally diverse in terms of transformations and velocities. To reduce the time required in learning — and most importantly the time required for reconstruction in subsequent production use — we adapted existing algorithms to exploit potential parallelism through the use of readily-available SIMD hardware. To obtain better codes, we developed a new approach to learning sparse, spatiotemporal codes in which the number of basis vectors, their orientations, velocities and the size of their receptive fields change over the duration of unsupervised training. The algorithm starts with a relatively small, initial basis with minimal temporal extent. This initial basis is obtained through conventional sparse coding techniques and is expanded over time by recursively constructing a new basis consisting of basis vectors with larger temporal extent that proportionally conserve regions of previously trained weights. These proportionally conserved weights are combined with the result of adjusting newly added weights to represent a greater range of primitive motion features. The size of the current basis is determined probabilistically by sampling from existing basis vectors according to their activation on the training set. The resulting algorithm produces bases consisting of filters that are bandpass, spatially oriented and temporally diverse in terms of their transformations and velocities. We demonstrate the utility of our approach by using it to recognize human activity in video.
Porfolios as a Tool for Attitude Change

The attitudes that teachers hold toward students with exceptional conditions and toward inclusive practices are critical in informing teacher decision making and acceptance. The preservice years are a threshold experience and a critical period for the modification of attitudes. This paper describes portfolios that focus on images of disability as one mechanism that holds promise for positively altering the attitudes of preservice teachers toward the philosophy of inclusion and the students served.
Determining the Cheapest-to-Deliver Bondsfor Bond Futures

In this research futures on bonds are studied and since this future has several bonds as its underlyings, the party with the short position may decide which bond it delivers at maturity of the future. It obviously wants to give the bond that is the Cheapest-To-Deliver (CTD). The purpose of this project is to develop a method to determine, which bond is the CTD at expiration of the future. To be able to compare the underlying bonds, with different maturities and coupon rates, conversion factors are used. We would like to model the effects that changes in the term structure have on which bond is cheapest-to-deliver, because when interest rates change, another bond could become the CTD. We assume that the term structure of the interest rates is stochastic and look at the Ho-Lee model, that uses binomial lattices for the short rates. The volatility of the model is supposed to be constant between today and delivery, and between delivery and maturity of the bonds. The following questions will be analysed: • Is the Ho-Lee model a good model to price bonds and futures, i.e. how well does the model fit their prices? • How many steps are needed in the binomial tree to get good results? • At what difference in the term structure is there a change in which bond is the cheapest? • Is it possible to predict beforehand which bond will be the CTD? • How sensitive is the futures price for changes in the zero curve? • How stable are the volatilities of the model and how sensitive is the futures price for changes in these parameters? To answer these questions, the German Euro-Bunds are studied, which are the underlying bonds of the Euro-Bund Future.
Alienation and Commitment of High School Students and Teachers.

AUTHOR Rosenblum, Sheila; Firestone; William A. TITLE Alienation and Commitment of High School Students and Teachers, INSTITUTION Research for Better Schools, :nc. , Philadelphia, Pa. SPONS AGENCY Office of Educational Research and Improvement (ED), Washington, DC. PUB DATE 21 Apr 87 NOTE 39p. ; Paper presented at the Annual Meeting of the American Educational Research Association (Washington, DC, April 20-24, 1987). PUB TYPE Reports Research/Technical (143) Speeches /Conference Papers (150)
Research on communication based on IPv4/v6 translation gateway

IETF has specified Mobile IPv4 and Mobile IPv6 in RFC3344 and RFC3775 respectively, but not yet discussed Mobile IPv4/v6 in any published RFC. This paper proposes a solution to Mobile IPv4/v6 problems and gives an example when Home Agent (HA) and Correspondent Node (CN) located in IPv6 network, Mobile Node (MN) moving in IPv4/v6 mixed networks. A gateway called Mobile IPv4/v6 translation gateway (MIPv4/v6-TG) is introduced to bridge between IPv4 network and IPv6 network, which is made up of a NAT-PT gateway and a Mobile IP application level gateway (MIP-ALG) built upon the NAT-PT gateway. As a transition scheme, the idea is to make the solution compatible with RFC3344 and RFC3775. For this purpose, on IPv4 side, MIPv4/v6-TG acts as one of the Mobile IPv4 entities to interact with other IPv4 entities under the specification of RFC3344. Similarly, on IPv6 side, MIPv4/v6-TG acts as one of the Mobile IPv6 entities to interact with other IPv6 entities under the specification of RFC3775. Inside the gateway, Mobile IP related packets and messages received or sent by the entities that the gateway acts as are translated between Mobile IPv4 format and Mobile IPv6 format. In this way, the Mobile IP entities in IPv4 network and the Mobile IP entities in IPv6 network will be transparent to each other.
Interest rate pass-through in the Polish banking sector and bank-specific financial disturbances

The purpose of this study is to assess the impact of disturbances in operation of the Polish banking sector on the effectiveness of monetary policy implementation. The pass-through mechanism from market interest rates to retail interest rates, offered by banks to their customers, is analysed in the context of a deterioration in quality of bank credit portfolios, a decrease in bank profitability (both related to a slowdown of the economy) and capital adequacy ratios. Main empirical findings are that the more profitable banks tend to adjust lending rates and rates for the longest deposits faster than the less profitable ones and that the banks with loans of lower quality tend to adjust corporate loan interest rates faster than banks with less risky credit portfolios, but the opposite is true for the most popular term deposit. These have some implications for interest rates spread dynamics that are analysed in the paper.
Allogenicity of Human Cardiac Stem / Progenitor Cells Orchestrated by Programmed Death Ligand 1

S tem cell–based strategies to address the major cause of incurable heart failure, the myocyte deficiency, have raised hopes for novel therapeutic approaches. Transplantation of cardiac stem/progenitor cells 5 (CPC) into animal models of postmyocardial infarction (MI) heart failure attenuated left ventricular remodeling and improved ventricular function in the settings of acute and chronic MI. 6,7 Currently, several different populations of CPC are being put forward as potential cell therapies to achieve cardiac repair/regeneration. 8 Clinical applications of autologous human CPC from the Stem Cell Infusion in Patients with Cardiomyopathy (SCIPIO) trial, which uses autologous c-kit–positive cells, and from the Cardiosphere-Derived Autologous Stem Cells to Reverse Ventricular Dysfunction (CADUCEUS) trial, which uses autologous cardiosphere-derived cells, provide evidence of feasibility and early hints of efficacy in a clinically meaningful setting. 2,9 However, autologous approaches have their limitations, including a lack of therapeutic activity of CPC from the elderly and then typically disease-affected patient population, as well as logistical, economic, and time constraints. 10 Recent studies have shown in a rat MI model that transplantation of allogeneic cardiosphere-derived cells promotes cardiac regeneration and improves heart function. 11 Although the mechanisms that regulate the immunologic behavior of these allogeneic cells remain poorly understood, these studies provide a proof of concept for using allogeneic human CPC in clinical setting. promoted cardiac regeneration and improved heart function. Although this has enhanced prospects of using allogeneic CPC for cardiac repair, the mechanisms regulating the behavior of these allogeneic cells, which are central to clinical applications, remain poorly understood. Objective: T cells orchestrate the allogeneic adaptive immune response. Therefore, to provide insight into the mechanisms regulating the immunologic behavior of human CPC (hCPC), we investigated the allogeneic T-cell response elicited by cryopreserved c-kit–selected hCPC. Methods and Results: By using an experimental model of allogeneic stimulation, we demonstrate that, whether under inflammatory conditions or not, hCPC do not trigger conventional allogeneic Th1 or Th2 type responses but instead induce proliferation and selective expansion of suppressive CD25 high CD127 low human leukocyte antigen-DR + FoxP3 high effector regulatory T cells. The regulatory T-cell proliferation and amplification were dependent on the interaction with the B7 family member programmed death ligand 1 (PD-L1), which is substantially expressed on hCPC and increased under inflammatory conditions. Thus, hCPC in allogeneic settings acquire the capacity to downregulate an ongoing immune response, which was dependent on PD-L1.
Enhanced interaction with physical toys

We developed an entertainment system that enhances the experience of playing with tops by employing augmented reality technologies. A tabletop system tracks the positions and rotation speeds of multiple tops with a high-speed camera and displays audio and visual effects. A hand-held device, called an accelerator, enables virtual and physical contact between the user and top by allowing the user to move and accelerate the top and obtain force feedback from the top. We proposed a top battle game in which the player will interact with these tops.
Effects of Prolonged Ambient Storage of Sodium Fluoride / Heparin Specimens on Plasma Homocysteine

To the Editor: Increased plasma homocysteine is regarded as a risk factor for arterial and venous occlusive disease. Sample collection ideally requires use of cooled EDTA containers and immediate centrifugation of the blood (1). These conditions may be hard to maintain in a clinic and are not possible in the many medical practices that lack a centrifuge. We tested whether analyzing uncentrifuged EDTA or NaF/heparin plasma bears a greater risk of giving falsepositive homocysteine results under these conditions. Blood was drawn from 50 healthy volunteers (40 female and 10 male) into 1 EDTA and 4 NaF/heparin Vacutainers (Becton Dickinson), which were stored at room temperature. The Vacutainers were randomly assigned to groups—EDTA-15min, NaF/heparin-15min, NaF/heparin-24h, NaF/ heparin-48h, and NaF/heparin-144h— and centrifuged at 2700g for 7 min under cooling after the time stated in the group name. Homocysteine was analyzed by liquid chromatography– tandem mass spectrometry, as described by Arndt et al. (2). Statistical analyses (box-plots and ANOVA) were done with the Analyze-it software (Analyze-it Software Ltd.), setting significance at P 0.05. We found (a) a significantly greater mean homocysteine concentration in EDTA-15min plasma (11.5 mol/L) than in NaF/heparin-15 min plasma (9.5 mol/L) and (b) a significant increase in homocysteine in NaF/heparin-15min (9.5 mol/L) compared with NaF/heparin-24h (11.5 mol/L, which is equal to the EDTA-15min value) but no further increase with greater time gaps between blood sampling and centrifugation for NaF/heparin blood (Fig. 1). Our data show higher homocysteine results in EDTA-15min plasma than in NaF/heparin-15min samples. Plasma dilution by NaF-induced water loss from the erythrocytes has been reported (1, 3). Hughes et al. (3) found lower mean homocysteine concentrations in NaF/heparin plasma stored at ambient temperature than in EDTA blood stored at 0 °C; however, after 3 h, the difference in homocysteine concentrations was no longer significant (3). We conclude that NaF/heparin blood stored for at least 3 h at ambient temperature shows homocysteine concentrations comparable to those from EDTA blood centrifuged immediately after blood sampling. Dilution effects by NaF should no longer be significant after this time. Our most important finding, which had not been shown previously, was that a prolonged time interval of 48 h (and 144 h) between blood sampling and centrifugation, which is common under routine conditions, is not accompanied by a further homocysteine increase in NaF/heparin plasma (Fig. 1). In contrast, EDTA blood shows a steady increase in plasma homocysteine reaching 380% after 168 h (4). We conclude that in the absence of a centrifuge, NaF/heparin blood can be used for homocysteine analysis without the need for specific reference values. Therefore, we consider NaF/heparin blood to be a suitable material for homocysteine measurements in hospitals with commonly delayed sample transport to the in-house or reference laboratory or at medical practices without a centrifuge.
THE EXTRAGALACTIC DISTANCE SCALE WITHOUT CEPHEIDS. III.

The Cepheid period–luminosity relation is the basis of distances of galaxies in the Hubble Space Telescope (HST) Key Project. The tip of the red giant branch (TRGB) is an alternative basis. Using archival HST data, we check the calibration of the fundamental plane of early-type galaxies and the luminosity of type Ia supernovae. Using all four distance indicators (i.e., including the infrared Tully–Fisher relation and surface brightness fluctuations as well) we find that the TRGB and Cepheid distance scales are consistent.
In search of a middle ground: the dangers and affordances of diagnosis in relation to Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder and Developmental Language Disorder

ABSTRACT In this paper, we draw on the ‘dilemma of difference’ to discuss the dangers and affordances of diagnosis within two of the most prevalent, yet under-supported, disabilities affecting school-age children: Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) and Developmental Language Disorder (DLD). The dilemma that exists between denying and thereby ignoring difference on the one hand, versus recognising and potentially stigmatising difference on the other, will be explored and the consequences outlined. Our aim is to achieve a middle ground that conceives of diagnosis as a helpful starting point to enable educators to address barriers to access and participation through appropriate adjustments to curriculum, pedagogy and assessment.
Biomedical Text Mining about Alzheimer's Diseases for Machine Reading Evaluation

The paper presents the experiments carried out as part of the participation in the pilot task of Biomedical about Alzheimer for QA4MRE at CLEF 2012. We have submitted total five unique runs in the pilot task. One run uses Term Frequency (TF) of the query words to weight the sentence. Two runs use Term Frequency-Inverted Document Frequency (TF-IDF) of the query words to weight the sentences. The two unique runs differ in the way that when multiple answers get the same scores by our system, we choose the different answer in the different runs. The last two runs use TF or TF-IDF weighting scheme as well as the OMIM terms about Alzheimer for query expansion. Stopwords are removed from the query words and answers. Each sentence in the associated document is assigned a weighting score with respect to query words. The sentence that receives the higher weighting score corresponding to the query words is identified as the more relevant sentence to the document. The corresponding answer option to the given question is scored according to the sentence weighting score and the highest ranked answer is selected as the final answer.
Effects of Market Reform on the Trading Costs and Depths of Nasdaq Stocks

The relative merits of dealer versus auction markets have been a subject of significant and sometimes contentious debate. On January 20, 1997, the Securities and Exchange Commission began implementing reforms that would permit the public to compete directly with Nasdaq dealers by submitting binding limit orders. Additionally, superior quotes placed by Nasdaq dealers in private trading venues began to be displayed in the Nasdaq market. We measure the impact of these new rules on various measures of performance, including trading costs and depths. Our results indicate that quoted and effective spreads fell dramatically without adversely affecting market quality. Copyright The American Finance Association 1999.
On the dragging of light by a rotating medium

When light is passing through a rotating medium the optical polarization is rotated. Recently, it has been reasoned that this rotation applies also to the transmitted image. We examine these two phenomena by extending an analysis of Player (Player 1976 Proc. R. Soc. A 349, 441–445) to general electromagnetic fields. We find that in this more general case, the wave equation inside the rotating medium has to be amended by a term which is connected to the orbital angular momentum (OAM) of the light. We show that optical spin and OAM account for the rotation of the polarization and the rotation of the transmitted image, respectively.
Performance Assessment of Internal Quality Control (IQC) Products in Blood Transfusion Compatibility Testing in China

Internal quality control (IQC) is a critical component of laboratory quality management, and IQC products can determine the reliability of testing results. In China, given the fact that most blood transfusion compatibility laboratories do not employ IQC products or do so minimally, there is a lack of uniform and standardized IQC methods. To explore the reliability of IQC products and methods, we studied 697 results from IQC samples in our laboratory from 2012 to 2014. The results showed that the sensitivity and specificity of the IQCs in anti-B testing were 100% and 99.7%, respectively. The sensitivity and specificity of the IQCs in forward blood typing, anti-A testing, irregular antibody screening, and cross-matching were all 100%. The reliability analysis indicated that 97% of anti-B testing results were at a 99% confidence level, and 99.9% of forward blood typing, anti-A testing, irregular antibody screening, and cross-matching results were at a 99% confidence level. Therefore, our IQC products and methods are highly sensitive, specific, and reliable. Our study paves the way for the establishment of a uniform and standardized IQC method for pre-transfusion compatibility testing in China and other parts of the world.
Addressing Single Parents’ Needs in Professional Counseling: A Qualitative Examination of Single Parenthood

Single parenthood is on the rise, but little research addresses the implications for professional counselors who work with single-parent clients. The present study sought to examine single parenthood from the parental perspective and, from that analysis, draw relevant counseling implications. Using qualitative content analysis, the researchers surveyed single parents about their experience of single parenthood, including role expectations, challenges and benefits, and what they believe counselors should know.