Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Statistical Analysis with ArcView GIS

1. Attribute Descriptors 1.1 Central Tendency 1.2 Dispersion and Distribution 1.3 Relationship 1.4 Trend 2. Point Descriptors 2.1 The Nature of Point Features 2.2 Central Tendency of Point Distributions 2.3 Dispersion of Point Distributions 2.4 Application Examples 2.4.1 References 3. Pattern Detectors 3.1 Scale, Extent, and Projection 3.2 Quadrat Analysis 3.3 Nearest Neighbor Analysis 3.4 Spatial Autocorrelation 3.5 Application Examples 3.5.1 References 4. Line Descriptors 4.1 The Nature of Linear Features 4.2 Characteristics and Attributes of Linear Features 4.3 Directional Statistics 4.4 Network Analysis 4.5 Application Examples 4.5.1 References 5. Pattern Descriptors 5.1 Spatial Relationships 5.2 Spatial Autocorrelation 5.3 Spatial Weights Matrices 5.4 Types of Spatial Autocorrelation Measures and Some Notations 5.5 Joint Count Statistics 5.6 Moran and Geary Indices 5.7 General G-Statistic 5.8 Local Spatial Autocorrelation Statistics 5.9 Moran Scatterplot 5.10 Application Examples 5.11 Summary 5.11.1 References Index
Patch Based Super Resolution of Depth Maps

An issue of image technology is to improve the quality of an image. For improving the quality, Super Resolution technique is introduced. Super Resolution refers to the estimation of a high resolution (HR) image from one or more low resolution(LR)images.SR techniques handle the issues of alias removal, deblurring and denoising while interpolating the low resolution inputs. In 3D computer graphics, a depth map is an image or image channel that contains information relating to the distance of the surfaces of scene objects from a view point. Depth Maps have an advantage of limited bandwidth increase and offers flexibility and compatibility than color images. The depth map can vary depending on the depth sensors. One of the most popular depth sensors is Time of Flight (ToF) sensor. They are cheaper but provide depth maps of low resolution. So a patch based super resolution technique for improving the resolution of depth maps is proposed. Experimental results show better values for Peak Signal-to Noise Ratio (PSNR), StructuralSimilarityIndex Measurement (SSIM), Visual Information Fidelity (VIF) and entropy. Keywords—Super Resolution, Depth Map,Patch, SSD, PSNR, SSIM
Simultaneous Extraction and Determination of Characteristic Steroidal Saponins and Homoisoflavonoids in Zhejiang Ophiopogon japonicus

Zhejiang Ophiopogon japonicus (ZOJ) is a specific variety of Ophiopogon japonicus with characteristic steroidal saponins and homoisoflavonoids, which are also main pharmacodynamic constituents with clinical effects, including curing inflammation and cardiovascular diseases. However, few analysis methods were applied to simultaneously and quantitatively determine two kinds of its constituents, and hazardous organic solvents are mostly used for extraction. In this study, a new validated simultaneous extraction and determination method for four characteristic steroidal saponins and homoisoflavonoids in ZOJ was established by ionic liquid–ultrasonic extraction (IL-UAE) combined with HPLC-DAD-ELSD analysis, which can be used for the quality control of ZOJ. Chromatographic separation was performed with a DAD wavelength at 296 nm, and the ELSD parameters of the drift tube temperature (DTT), atomizer temperature (AT), and nitrogen gas pressure (NGP) were set at 20% heating power, 70 °C, and 25 psi, respectively. The optimal IL-UAE conditions were 1 mol/L [Bmim]CF3SO3 aqueous solution, a liquid–material ratio of 40 mL/g, and an ultrasonic time of 60 min. The proposed method is reliable, reproducible, and accurate, which were verified with real sample assays. Consequently, this work will be helpful for the quality control of ZOJ. It can also present a promising reference for the simultaneous extraction and determination of different kinds of constituents in other medicinal plants.
Carbon Nanotube (CNT) Composites and its Application; A Review

Due to their superior mechanical, thermal, electrical, and tri-biological characteristics, carbon nanotubes (CNTs) have been widely used in a variety of industries, from aerospace to energy, since their discovery in 1991. Their compact size, amazing tensile strength, and light weight They are often used as reinforcements in metals, plastics, and even additive manufacturing due to their popularity and conductivity. In this analysis, we present a list of these structures and an in-depth discussion of the CNT-reinforced materials can be processed using a variety of techniques, including chemical vapor deposition (CVD), ball milling, both laser melting and hot pressing. The restrictions in the production and processing of these composites additionally discussed, strengthened by many authored works. To comprehend how these composites' properties change in relation to other parameters, such as a wide range of variables, such as temperature, CNT length, diameter, etc. A summary is given, explaining various methods for performing experimental analysis and providing convincing arguments for putting the changes' causes in. Therefore, we investigate the specialized uses of these CNT-reinforced composites in industries like aerospace, energy, biomedicine, and auto, and how they can be handled further, altered to make room for less expensive and more effective fixes going forward.
General Sum-of-Squares and Tensor Decomposition

Over the past few lectures, we have used the sum-of-squares (SOS) algorithm to perform unconstrainted polynomial optimization over the Boolean hypercube. However, it turns out that SOS is capable of dealing with an arbitrary domain Ω ⊆ R described by polynomial inequalities. Concretely, suppose we are given a set of variables x = (x1, . . . , xn) and a set of constraints A = {f1 ≥ 0, . , fm ≥ 0}, where each fi ∈ R[x] (the ring of polynomials with real coefficients). We would like to be able to do the following: • Decide if A has a solution. • Given some g ∈ R[x], decide if g is nonnegative over the set of solutions to A.
The Galactic Center: Improved Relative Astrometry for Velocities, Accelerations, and Orbits near the Supermassive Black Hole

We present improved relative astrometry for stars within the central half parsec of our Galactic Center (GC) based on data obtained with the 10 m W. M. Keck Observatory from 1995 to 2017. The new methods used to improve the astrometric precision and accuracy include correcting for local astrometric distortions, applying a magnitude-dependent additive error, and more carefully removing instances of stellar confusion. Additionally, we adopt jackknife methods to calculate velocity and acceleration uncertainties. The resulting median proper motion uncertainty is 0.05 mas yr−1 for our complete sample of 1184 stars in the central 10″ (0.4 pc). We have detected 24 accelerating sources, 2.6 times more than the number of previously published accelerating sources, which extend out to 4″ (0.16 pc) from the black hole. Based on S0-2's orbit, our new astrometric analysis has reduced the systematic error of the supermassive black hole (SMBH) by a factor of 2. The linear drift in our astrometric reference frame is also reduced in the north–south direction by a factor of 4. We also find the first potential astrometric binary candidate S0-27 in the GC. These astrometric improvements provide a foundation for future studies of the origin and dynamics of the young stars around the SMBH, the structure and dynamics of the old nuclear star cluster, the SMBH’s properties derived from orbits, and tests of general relativity in a strong gravitational field.
Sabizabulin, a Potent Orally Bioavailable Colchicine Binding Site Agent, Suppresses HER2+ Breast Cancer and Metastasis

Simple Summary The sabizabulin agent represses tumor cell growth, cell migration, and colony formation, and induces cell death in HER2+ breast cancer models. Sabizabulin is comparable to paclitaxel to suppress HER2+ xenograft growth and to inhibit lung metastasis in a HER2+ patient-derived xenograft (PDX) model. Sabizabulin is a promising orally available agent as an alternative to taxanes to target tubulin in breast cancer patients, including the HER2+ breast cancer molecular subtype. Abstract HER2+ breast cancer accounts for 15% of all breast cancer cases. Current frontline therapy for HER2+ metastatic breast cancer relies on targeted antibodies, trastuzumab and pertuzumab, combined with microtubule inhibitors in the taxane class (paclitaxel or docetaxel). It is well known that the clinical efficacy of taxanes is limited by the development of chemoresistance and hematological and neurotoxicities. The colchicine-binding site inhibitors (CBSIs) are a class of promising alternative agents to taxane therapy. Sabizabulin (formerly known as VERU-111) is a potent CBSI that overcomes P-gp-mediated taxane resistance, is orally bioavailable, and inhibits tumor growth and distant metastasis in triple negative breast cancer (TNBC). Herein, we demonstrate the efficacy of sabizabulin in HER2+ breast cancer. In vitro, sabizabulin inhibits the proliferation of HER2+ breast cancer cell lines with low nanomolar IC50 values, inhibits clonogenicity, and induces apoptosis in a concentration-dependent manner. In vivo, sabizabulin inhibits breast tumor growth in the BT474 (ER+/PR+/HER2+) xenograft model and a HER2+ (ER-/PR-) metastatic patient-derived xenograft (PDX) model, HCI-12. We demonstrate that sabizabulin is a promising alternative agent to target tubulin in HER2+ breast cancer with similar anti-metastatic efficacy to paclitaxel, but with the advantage of oral bioavailability and lower toxicity than taxanes.
Progress in Probe-Based Sensing Techniques for In Vivo Diagnosis

Advancements in robotic surgery help to improve the endoluminal diagnosis and treatment with minimally invasive or non-invasive intervention in a precise and safe manner. Miniaturized probe-based sensors can be used to obtain information about endoluminal anatomy, and they can be integrated with medical robots to augment the convenience of robotic operations. The tremendous benefit of having this physiological information during the intervention has led to the development of a variety of in vivo sensing technologies over the past decades. In this paper, we review the probe-based sensing techniques for the in vivo physical and biochemical sensing in China in recent years, especially on in vivo force sensing, temperature sensing, optical coherence tomography/photoacoustic/ultrasound imaging, chemical sensing, and biomarker sensing.
Mulberry-Derived 1-Deoxynojirimycin Prevents Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Progression via Modulation of Retinol-Binding Protein 4 and Haptoglobin

Pre-diabetic or early-stage type 2 diabetes patients may develop an adverse diabetic progression, leading to several complications and increasing hospitalization rates. Mulberry leaves, which contain 1-deoxynojirimycin (DNJ), have been used as a complementary medicine for diabetes prevention and treatment. Our recent study demonstrated that mulberry leaf powder with 12 mg of DNJ improves postprandial hyperglycemia, fasting plasma glucose, and glycated hemoglobin. However, the detailed mechanisms are still unknown. This study investigates the effect of long-term (12-week) supplementation of mulberry leaves in obese people with prediabetes and patients with early-stage type 2 diabetes. Participants’ blood was collected before and after supplementation. The protein profile of the plasma was examined by proteomics. In addition, the mitochondrial function was evaluated by energetic and homeostatic markers using immunoelectron microscopy. The proteomics results showed that, from a total of 1291 proteins, 32 proteins were related to diabetes pathogenesis. Retinol-binding protein 4 and haptoglobin protein were downregulated, which are associated with insulin resistance and inflammation, respectively. For mitochondrial function, the haloacid dehalogenase-like hydrolase domain-containing protein 3 (HDHD-3) and dynamin-related protein 1 (Drp-1) displayed a significant increment in the after treatment group. In summary, administration of mulberry leaf powder extract in prediabetes and the early stage of diabetes can alleviate insulin resistance and inflammation and promote mitochondrial function in terms of energy production and fission.
Deformation of Gels with Spherical Auxetic Inclusions

Auxetic metamaterials possess unnatural properties, such as a negative Poisson’s ratio, which offers interesting features when combined with traditional materials. This paper describes the deformation behavior of a gel consisting of spherical auxetic inclusions when embedded in a conventional matrix. The auxetic inclusions and conventional matrix were modeled as spherical objects with a controlled pore shape. The auxetic particle had a reentrant honeycomb, and the conventional phase contained honeycomb-shaped pores. The deformation behavior was simulated using various existing models based on continuum mechanics. For the continuum mechanics models—the simplest of which are the Mori–Tanaka theory and self-consistent field mechanics models—the auxetic particle was homogenized as a solid element with Young’s modulus and Poisson’s ratio and compared with the common composite gel filled with rigid spheres. The finite element analysis simulations using these models were performed for two cases: (1) a detailed model of one particle and its surroundings in which the structure included the design of both the reentrant and conventional honeycombs; and (2) a multiparticle face-centered cubic lattice where both the classic matrix and auxetic particle were homogenized. Our results suggest that auxetic inclusion-filled gels provide an unsurpassed balance of low density and enhanced stiffness.
Knockdown of DAPK1 attenuates IL-1β-induced extracellular matrix degradation and inflammatory response in osteoarthritis chondrocytes via regulating the p38 MAPK-signaling pathway.

OBJECTIVE To reveal the possible effects of death-associated protein kinase 1 (DAPK1) on the progression of osteoarthritis (OA) and the potential underlying mechanism. METHODS : The expression of DAPK1 in OA and normal samples and interleukin (IL)-1β-stimulated chondrocytes was analyzed by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction and Immunoblot assay. Cell viability, proliferation, and apoptosis in DAPK1-knockdown cells stimulated with IL-1β were detected by 3-(4,5-Dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) solution, 5-ethynyl-2β-deoxyuridine staining and flow cytometry. The chondrocyte degradation and inflammatory response in IL-1β-induced chondrocytes were investigated by Immunoblot analysis and enzyme-linked-immunosorbent serologic assay. In addition, the effect of DAPK1 on p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) activation was analyzed by immunoblot assay. RESULTS : This study revealed that DAPK1 was highly expressed in OA patients and IL-1β-induced chondrocytes. Down-regulation of DAPK1 enhanced IL-1β-induced chondrocyte proliferation. DAPK1 knockdown inhibited IL-1β-induced chondrocyte degradation. In addition, DAPK1 depletion inhibited IL-1β-induced chondrocyte inflammation. Mechanically, it was revealed that down--regulation of DAPK1 could inhibit the p38 MAPK pathway, and therefore affected progression of OA. CONCLUSION : DAPK1 knockdown attenuates IL-1β-induced extracellular matrix degradation and inflammatory response in OA chondrocytes by regulating the p38 MAPK pathway.
The efficacy of cognitive and behavioral interventions upon music performance anxiety: A meta-analysis

Cognitive and behavioral interventions are widely used in dealing with anxiety problems. Many musicians face high anxiety levels when they have to perform in front of an audience, thus requiring efficient interventions. Studies investigating interventions for music performance anxiety (MPA) are highly heterogeneous, making it difficult to implement a meta-analytic analysis for all the intervention types investigated. However, there are several studies that investigate the effects of cognitive and behavioral interventions. Thus, the main aim of our study was to investigate the efficacy of cognitive and behavioral interventions in managing MPA symptoms in musicians. We reviewed 14 studies which included musicians (N = 392) who were confronted with high/dysfunctional levels of MPA. Overall, findings indicated a positive medium effect size (Cohen’s d = 0.53). We also tested the influence of several moderators related to intervention characteristics (e.g., type of intervention, type of control group, selection criteria) or participant characteristics (age, percentage of women). Although the differences we found were not statistically significant, the trend of the results was in line with previous research. Theoretical and practical implications for MPA are further discussed.
Gamma-ray pulsars: emission from extended polar cap cascades

We have used a Monte Carlo simulation of a Polar Cap (PC) model of gamma-ray pulsars to estimate light curves and phase-resolved spectra for sources whose rotational and magnetic axes are oriented so that only one of the magnetic poles produces emission directed at the Earth. In this Single Polar Cap (SPC) scenario, even sources whose light curves have two distinct peaks (Crab, Vela, Geminga, PSR B1951+32) are due to emission concentrated near the rim of a single PC. If the inclination alpha is comparable to the half-width of the PC gamma-beam, alpha ~ theta_{b}, the peak-to-peak phase separation can have the large values (0.4 - 0.5) observed from these sources. In the model presented here we attribute the observed interpeak emission to pair cascades above the PC interior. Our simulation assumes the physics of conventional PC models, in which the gamma rays are due to photon-pair cascades initiated by curvature radiation from the acceleration of electrons above the PCs. In this work we assume that the acceleration occurs over a finite region which may extend up to several radii above the neutron star surface. We find that the combined effects of moderately enlarged PC dimensions and extended acceleration zones resolve a major difficulty with earlier PC models, namely their small beam widths (and hence small detection probabilities). Our best fits to the observed light curves are obtained from models in which the accelerated electrons have a uniform surface density over the PC interior and a sharp density increase of 3 - 5 near the rim.
APM z>4 QSO Survey: Spectra and Intervening Absorption Systems

The APM multicolor survey for bright z > 4 objects, covering 2500 deg^2 of sky to m(R)~19, resulted in the discovery of thirty-one quasars with z > 4. High signal-to-noise optical spectrophotometry at 5A resolution has been obtained for the twenty-eight quasars easily accessible from the northern hemisphere. These spectra have been surveyed to create new samples of high redshift Lyman-limit systems, damped Lyman-alpha absorbers, and metal absorption systems (e.g. CIV and MgII). In this paper we present the spectra, together with line lists of the detected absorption systems. The QSOs display a wide variety of emission and absorption line characteristics, with 5 exhibiting broad absorption lines and one with extremely strong emission lines (BR2248-1242). Eleven candidate damped Ly-alpha absorption systems have been identified covering the redshift range 2.8 3.5). An analysis of the measured redshifts of the high ionization emission lines with the low ionization lines shows them to be blueshifted by 430+/-60 km/s. In a previous paper (Storrie-Lombardi et. al. 1994) we discussed the redshift evolution of the Lyman limit systems catalogued here. In subsequent papers we will discuss the properties of the Ly-alpha forest absorbers and the redshift and column density evolution of the damped Ly-alpha absorbers.
The Carnegie-Chicago Hubble Program: Discovery of the Most Distant Ultra-faint Dwarf Galaxy in the Local Universe

Ultra-faint dwarf galaxies (UFDs) are the faintest known galaxies, and due to their incredibly low surface brightness, it is difficult to find them beyond the Local Group. We report a serendipitous discovery of a UFD, Fornax UFD1, in the outskirts of NGC 1316, a giant galaxy in the Fornax cluster. The new galaxy is located at a projected radius of 55 kpc in the south–east of NGC 1316. This UFD is found as a small group of resolved stars in the Hubble Space Telescope images of a halo field of NGC 1316, obtained as part of the Carnegie-Chicago Hubble Program. Resolved stars in this galaxy are consistent with being mostly metal-poor red giant branch (RGB) stars. Applying the tip of the RGB method to the mean magnitude of the two brightest RGB stars, we estimate the distance to this galaxy, 19.0 ± 1.3 Mpc. Fornax UFD1 is probably a member of the Fornax cluster. The color–magnitude diagram of these stars is matched by a 12 Gyr isochrone with low metallicity ([Fe/H] ≈ −2.4). Total magnitude and effective radius of Fornax UFD1 are MV ≈ −7.6 ± 0.2 mag and reff = 146 ± 9 pc, which are similar to those of Virgo UFD1 that was discovered recently in the intracluster field of Virgo by Jang & Lee. Fornax UFD1 is the most distant known UFD that is confirmed by resolved stars. This indicates that UFDs are ubiquitous and that more UFDs remain to be discovered in the Fornax cluster.
WFPC2 Observations of the Hubble Deep Field South

The Hubble Deep Field South (HDF-S) observations targeted a high Galactic latitude field near QSO J2233-606. We present Wide Field Planetary Camera 2 observations of the field in four wide bandpasses centered at roughly 300, 450, 606, and 814 nm. Observations, data reduction procedures, and noise properties of the final images are discussed in detail. A catalog of sources is presented, and the number counts and color distributions of the galaxies are compared with a new catalog of the original Hubble Deep Field (HDF-N) that has been constructed in an identical manner. The two fields are qualitatively similar, with the galaxy number counts for the two fields agreeing to within 20%. The HDF-S has more candidate Lyman break galaxies at z > 2 than the HDF-N. The star formation rate per unit volume computed from the HDF-S, based on the UV luminosity of high-redshift candidates, is a factor of 1.9 higher than from the HDF-N at z ∼ 2.7, and a factor of 1.3 higher at z ∼ 4.
Long-Lag, Wide-Pulse Gamma-Ray Bursts

Currently, the best available probe of the early phase of gamma-ray burst (GRB) jet attributes is the prompt gamma-ray emission, in which several intrinsic and extrinsic variables determine GRB pulse evolution. Bright, usually complex bursts have many narrow pulses that are difficult to model due to overlap. However, the relatively simple, long spectral lag, wide-pulse bursts may have simpler physics and are easier to model. In this work we analyze the temporal and spectral behavior of wide pulses in 24 long-lag bursts, using a pulse model with two shape parameters—width and asymmetry—and the Band spectral model with three shape parameters. We find that pulses in long-lag bursts are distinguished both temporally and spectrally from those in bright bursts: the pulses in long spectral lag bursts are few in number and ~100 times wider (tens of seconds), have systematically lower peaks in νF(ν), and have harder low-energy spectra and softer high-energy spectra. We find that these five pulse descriptors are essentially uncorrelated for our long-lag sample, suggesting that at least ~5 parameters are needed to model burst temporal and spectral behavior. However, pulse width is strongly correlated with spectral lag; hence, these two parameters may be viewed as mutual surrogates. We infer that accurate formulations for estimating GRB luminosity and total energy will depend on several gamma-ray attributes, at least for long-lag bursts. The prevalence of long-lag bursts near the BATSE trigger threshold, their predominantly low νF(ν) spectral peaks, and relatively steep upper power-law spectral indices indicate that Swift will detect many such bursts.