Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Combinatorics and renormalization in quantum field theory

This volume is based upon work done by the author and his collaborators over a period of approximately twenty years and is dedicated to some selected topics of quantum field theory, which have proved of increasing importance with the passing of time. There are three parts: * Combinatoric Methods * Equations for Green's Functions and Perturbative Expansions * Regularization, Renormalization, and Mass Equations This work will be useful to anyone interested in learning or using quantum field theory, many-body physics and, as well, to many applied mathematicians, because it introduces a number of combinatoric and analytic tools which drastically simplify, and at times bypass, treatments which customarily take up most of the bulk of the standard texts.
Recursive valuation of defaultable securities and the timing of resolution of uncertainty

We derive the implications of default risk for valuation of securities in an abstract setting in which the fractional default recovery rate and the hazard rate for default may depend on the market value of the instrument itself, or on the market values of other instruments issued by the same entity (which are determined simultaneously). A key technique is the use of backward recursive stochastic integral equations. We characterize the dependence of the market value on the manner of resolution of uncertainty, and in particular give conditions for monotonicity of value with respect to the information (cid:12)ltration.
Improvement of cervical spine mobility and stance stability by wearing a custom-made mandibular splint in male recreational athletes

Objectives The range of motion (ROM) of the cervical spine and postural stability are important for an economical and motorically adequate adaptation of the body to any situation. Therefore, this study aims to analyze whether these two components of postural and movement control can be influenced by means of a splint in a centric position compared to habitual occlusion. Methods 38 recreational male athletes volunteered. Cervical spine ROM was recorded using an ultrasound system and the a pressure measuring plate for postural stability (length of center of pressure (CoP) movement, area of CoP). The two dental occlusion conditions employed were the habitual occlusion and wearing a splint in an idealized, condylar position close to the centric position. Level of significance was set at ρ ≤ 0.05. Results The cervical spine mobility increased significantly by wearing the splint regarding rotation to the left (+3.9%) and right (+2.7%) and lateral flexion to the left (+4.4%) and right (+6.7%). Wearing the splint reduced the area of sway deflections by about 31.5% in the bipedal stance and by about 2.4% (left) and 28.2% (right) in the unipedal stance. The CoP trace was reduced in the sagittal plane by approximately 8.2% in the right single-leg stance. Conclusions The major findings seem to demonstrate that wearing a splint that keeps the jaw close to the centric relation may increase the cervical ROM and may improve balance stability in male recreational athletes. Changing the jaw relation in athletes can possibly aid the release of performance potentials by improving coordination skills.
Human CYP2B6 produces oxylipins from polyunsaturated fatty acids and reduces diet-induced obesity

Multiple factors in addition to over consumption lead to obesity and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) in the United States and worldwide. CYP2B6 is the only human detoxification CYP whose loss is associated with obesity, and Cyp2b-null mice show greater diet-induced obesity with increased steatosis than wildtype mice. However, a putative mechanism has not been determined. LC-MS/MS revealed that CYP2B6 metabolizes PUFAs, with a preference for metabolism of ALA to 9-HOTrE and to a lesser extent 13-HOTrE with a preference for metabolism of PUFAs at the 9- and 13-positions. To further study the role of CYP2B6 in vivo, humanized-CYP2B6-transgenic (hCYP2B6-Tg) and Cyp2b-null mice were fed a 60% high-fat diet for 16 weeks. Compared to Cyp2b-null mice, hCYP2B6-Tg mice showed reduced weight gain and metabolic disease as measured by glucose tolerance tests, however hCYP2B6-Tg male mice showed increased liver triglycerides. Serum and liver oxylipin metabolite concentrations increased in male hCYP2B6-Tg mice, while only serum oxylipins increased in female hCYP2B6-Tg mice with the greatest increases in LA oxylipins metabolized at the 9 and 13-positions. Several of these oxylipins, specifically 9-HODE, 9-HOTrE, and 13-oxoODE, are PPAR agonists. RNA-seq data also demonstrated sexually dimorphic changes in gene expression related to nuclear receptor signaling, especially CAR > PPAR with qPCR suggesting PPARγ signaling is more likely than PPARα signaling in male mice. Overall, our data indicates that CYP2B6 is an anti-obesity enzyme, but probably to a lesser extent than murine Cyp2b’s. Therefore, the inhibition of CYP2B6 by xenobiotics or dietary fats can exacerbate obesity and metabolic disease potentially through disrupted PUFA metabolism and the production of key lipid metabolites.
CARTA AO EDITOR

I. o artigo não demonstra a combinação de técnicas/ tratamento de dados de forma complementar (sequencial e/ou convergente) no que se refere as abordagens quantitativa e qualitativa(2), justificando a abordagem mista. II. sobre a técnica de grupo focal, não há menção ao período de duração. III. o uso per si do IRaMuTeQ não configura um método analítico(3). IV. a representação que organiza determinados fatores e variáveis é dendrograma. V. “[. ] constatou-se a ocorrência de 1.381 palavras, [. ]. Isso se configurou em um critério empregado como ponto de corte para a inclusão dos elementos no dendograma (sic) [. ]”, não é possível saber se o n. de ocorrência apresentado é o n. total de ocorrências e nem tampouco entender o procedimento realizado no IRaMuTeQ e o motivo do corte ser o dobro da frequência média. VI. “Com embasamento na Classificação Hierárquica Descendente, foram analisados 38 segmentos de texto, em que 78,95% do corpus foi classificado para a elaboração das sete classes provenientes das partições de conteúdo (Quadro 1)”, trecho que coloca em suspeição todo o trabalho, uma vez que: vi.i) corpus pequeno para análise no IRaMuTeQ; ii) 38 STs é um n. baixíssimo; iii) índice de retenção suspeito (78,95%); iv) a CHD não é apresentada, o que causa profunda estranheza; vi) n. de classes (n=7) suspeito para o n. de STs(4). VII. no Quadro 1, não se sabe o que são e nem como surgiram as partições. Além disso, o somatório geral das porcetagens ultrapassa os 100% (Σ é 103,3%). VIII. apresentados os excertos (sem score) de apenas três (T1, T5 e E2) dos sete participantes, sendo citado o mesmo participantes em diferentes partições.
Severe acute hepatitis in children: Proposal to investigate Bartonella henselae with a multistep platform

, Severe acute hepatitis of unknown aetiology in children has been reported in 35 countries, in five of the six World Health Organization (WHO) Regions. There are 1,010 reported proba-ble cases, including 22 deaths [1]. To confirm whether an increase in case incidence has occurred in 2022, van Beek and colleagues carried out a survey to collect data on pediatric cases of hepatitis of unknown origin (HUO) in the past 5 years. The survey showed an increase in 2022 in six of the 24 surveyed countries, with the highest number of cases being reported in the United Kingdom [2]. Similarly, Kleine and colleagues conducted a survey in 34 centers treating pediatric hepatitis in 2022. Of the surveyed centers, 22 reported no increase in pediatric cases of acute HUO from previous years, while 12 reported a suspected possible increase [3]. The surveys, however, report data until April of this year, when the case incidence was still low. From May to July, cases fulfilling WHO criteria have increased from 169 to 1,010 [3]. So, the cases of acute HUO are increasing around the world, and there is a need to understand what is causing this outbreak. Brodin
Further evidence in support of the validity of the post-secondary student stressors index using a nationwide, cross-sectional sample of Canadian university students

The Post-Secondary Student Stressors Index (PSSI) was created to facilitate improved evaluation of the sources of post-secondary student stress. This study reports evidence in support of the validity of the tool using a large, nationwide cross-sectional sample of students attending universities across Canada during the 2020–2021 academic year. We provide additional evidence for the construct validation of the PSSI, including internal structure evidence and relations to other variables by estimating multiple-indicator, multiple-cause models and investigating Spearman’s rho correlation coefficients between the PSSI and like constructs. Based on index validation guidelines, results provide further support for the internal structure of the PSSI, demonstrating hypothesized relationships with like constructs and manifest variables, as well as acceptable goodness-of-fit statistics. Similarly, correlation coefficients were statistically significant and in line with directionality hypotheses. The results of this research provide further evidence for the validity of the PSSI among varied university student populations in Canada and addresses several of the limitations identified in earlier preliminary psychometric work on the instrument.
Perceived stress and stress responses during COVID-19: The multiple mediating roles of coping style and resilience

Although many studies have examined the effects of perceived stress on some specific stress responses during the COVID-19, a comprehensive study is still lacking. And the co-mediating role of coping style and resilience as important mediators of stress processes is also unclear. This study aimed to explore the effects of perceived stress on emotional, physical, and behavioral stress responses and the mediating roles of coping style and resilience in Chinese population during the recurrent outbreak of COVID-19 from a comprehensive perspective. 1087 participants were recruited to complete the anonymous online survey including the Perceived Stress Scale, the Stress Response Questionnaire, the Simplified Coping Style Questionnaire and the Emotional Resilience Questionnaire. Pearson’s correlation and Hayes PROCESS macro 3.5 model 6 were used in the mediating effect analysis. Results showed that positive coping style and resilience both buffered the negative effects of perceived stress on emotional, physical, and behavioral responses through direct or indirect pathways, and resilience had the strongest mediating effects. The findings urged relevant authorities and individuals to take measures to promote positive coping style and resilience to combat the ongoing pandemic stress and protect public physical and mental health.
The effects of 105 biological, socioeconomic, behavioral, and environmental factors on the risk of SARS-CoV-2 infection and a severe course of COVID-19: a prospective, explorative cohort study

Abstract The confirmed number of SARS-CoV-2 infections up to 18 October 2022 is 626 million worldwide, but information about factors affecting the probability of infection or a severe course of COVID-19 remains insufficient and often speculative. Only a small number of factors have been rigorously examined, mostly by retrospective or cross-sectional studies. We ran a preregistered study on 5164 Internet users who shared information with us about their exposure to 105 risk factors and reported being COVID-19 negative before the beginning of the fourth wave of COVID-19 in the Czech Republic. After the fourth wave, in which 709 (13.7%) of participants were infected, we used a partial Kendall test controlled for sex, age, and urbanization to compare the risk of infection and a severe course of the disease in subjects who initially did and did not report exposure to particular risk factors. After the correction for multiple tests, we identified 13 factors – including male sex, lower age, blood group B, and larger household size – that increased the risk of infection and 16 factors – including mask-wearing, borreliosis in the past, use of vitamin D supplements, or rooibos drinking – that decreased it. We also identified 23 factors that increased the risk of a severe course of COVID-19 and 12 factors that decreased the risk. This preregistered longitudinal study is of explorative nature. Therefore, although the observed effects were strong and remained highly significant even after correction for multiple tests, it will be necessary to confirm their existence in future independent studies.
Ecological niche models reveal divergent habitat use of Pallas's cat in the Eurasian cold steppes

Abstract Identifying the association between the patterns of niche occupation and phylogenetic relationships among sister clades and assisting conservation planning implications are of the most important applications of species distribution models (SDMs). However, most studies have been carried out regardless of within taxon genetic differentiation and the potential of local adaptation occurring within the species level. The Pallas's cat (Otocolobus manul) is a less‐studied species with unknown biogeography and phylogenetic structure across a widespread yet isolated range from the Caucasus to eastern China. In the current study, by considering a previously proposed genetic structure and based on a cluster analysis on climatic variables, we supposed three clades for this species, including O. m. manul, O. m. ferrugineus, and O. m. nigripectus. We developed SDM for each clade separately and compared it with a general distribution model of the species to determine whether the hypothesized taxonomic resolution affects the predicted ecological niche of the within‐species structures. We assessed the effect of climate change on the future distribution of the species to detect the most sensitive clades to global warming scenarios. Our results showed that for all clades' models, the AUC and TSS were greater than the general model. Access to the preferred prey of the Pallas's cat, that is, pika, had a significant effect on the distribution of O. m. manul and O. m. ferrugineus, whereas the most influential variable affecting O. m. nigripectus habitat suitability was terrain slope. Based on our future projections, we found that future climate change likely threatens the clades O. m. ferrugineus and O. m. nigripectus more than O. m. manul, findings that were hidden in the general model. Our results highlight the proficiency of SDMs in recognizing within‐taxon habitat use of widespread species and the necessity of this procedure for implementing effective conservation planning of these species.
Novel technology for depositing a Pd–Ag alloy film on a tapered optical fibre for hydrogen sensing

Pd–Ag alloy thin films have attracted much attention in view of their potential applications in sensing hydrogen. In this paper we report on a new method of deposition of a high quality homogeneous Pd–Ag thin film on an optical fibre. The deposition method is used to fabricate sensors, which can detect hydrogen at very low concentrations (below 4%), by depositing a Pd–Ag thin film on tapered optical fibres. The deposition method and the complete method for fabrication of the tapered optical fibre sensors are presented in detail, as well as measurements of the hydrogen concentration in a nitrogen atmosphere made using the fabricated sensors. The sensors show good sensitivity and the optical responses of the sensors are in good agreement with theory.
High power modal instability measurements of very large mode area (VLMA) step index fibers

High power (<0.5kW) experiments using low NA (~0.07), very large mode area (VLMA) step index fibers (SI) (with core/clad diameters: 45/375, 60/500um) and gain tailored step index (GT-SI) fibers (with doped-core/core/clad diameters: 38/60/400, 50/80/533um) are presented. In fiber amplifier experiments with multi-moded beam (M2 1.5- 3) outputs, Stimulated Thermal Rayleigh scattering (STRS) threshold is determined by comparing gain dependence of output mode quality between high power (<200W) and low power (<100W) experiments for a given fiber layout. Beam quality degradation with signal power is characterized well above the instability threshold where a saturation of the phenomena is observed. For SI fibers degree of beam quality degradation is found to be significantly worse for tighter fiber coil diameters. GT-SI fibers exhibit significantly less modal degradation compared to SI fibers. STRS instability threshold is further verified with signal power dependent multi-path interference spectrum (MPI) measurements which exhibited exponential broadening above the threshold. Strength of STRS nonlinear coupling coefficients are estimated from experimental data using a comprehensive 3-dimensional transverse spatial hole burning (TSHB) fiber MOPA numerical model, phenomenologicaly extended to include STRS.
Temporal and spatial characteristics of grassland ecosystem service value and its topographic gradient effect in the Yellow River Basin

Grassland is the largest terrestrial ecosystem in the Yellow River Basin and an important ecological barrier in the basin. Scientific and accurate estimation of the service value of grassland ecosystems in the Yellow River Basin is of great significance for maintaining the ecological security of the Yellow River Basin. This study was based on Constanza, a method based on the correction of natural grassland ecosystem service value in the Yellow River Basin. This method considers grassland biomass, estimates the ecological service value of each type of grassland item by item, and analyzes their spatial distribution and topographic gradient differentiation characteristics. The results showed that the unit price of soil conservation services provided by the grassland ecosystem in the Yellow River Basin has an advantage (6.2 times) which is the lowest unit price of raw materials. The total value of grassland ecosystem services in the Yellow River Basin is 100.82 × 1010 Yuan. Among the various services, the adjustment service has the largest value, accounting for 50.56% of the total value, while the sum of the supply service, support service and cultural service amounted to 49.44%. The high-value areas of grassland ecosystem services are mainly distributed in the upper and lower reaches of the basin, as the low-value areas are located in the Ningxia and Hetao Plains and most parts of the Loess Plateau. The ESV per unit area of grassland in the Yellow River Basin showed a decreasing to increasing trend with the increase in elevation and topographic relief, as the ESV continued to increase with slope increase.
Special Collection: World-Scale Ecology and Management of Fall Armyworm ( Spodoptera frugiperda ) Low Impact of Fall Armyworm ( Spodoptera frugiperda Smith) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) Across Smallholder Fields in Malawi and Zambia

Fall armyworm ( Spodoptera frugiperda Smith), a serious pest of cereals from the Americas, has spread across sub-Saharan Africa and Asia since 2016, threatening the food security and incomes of millions of smallholder farmers. To measure the impact of S. frugiperda under different management approaches, we established on-farm trials across 12 landscapes (615−1,379 mm mean annual rainfall) in Malawi and Zambia during the 2019/2020 and 2020/2021 seasons. Here we present the results from our conventional tillage, monocrop maize, no pesticide treatment, which served to monitor the background S. frugiperda impact in the absence of control measures. Median plot-level S. frugiperda incidence ranged between 0.00 and 0.52 across landscapes. Considering severe leaf damage (Davis score ≥5), the proportion of affected plants varied between 0.00 and 0.30 at the plot scale, but only 3% of plots had ≥10% severely damaged plants. While incidence and damage severity varied substantially among sites and seasons, our models indicate that they were lower in high tree cover landscapes, in the late season scouting, and in the 2020/2021 season. Yield could not be predicted from S. frugiperda incidence or leaf damage. Our results suggest S. frugiperda impacts may have been overestimated at many sites across sub-Saharan Africa. S. frugiperda incidence and damage declined through the cropping season, indicating that natural mortality factors were limiting populations, and none of our plots were heavily impacted. Long-term S. frugiperda management should be based on Integrated Pest Management (IPM) principles, including minimising the use of chemical pesticides to protect natural enemies.
Martingales versus PDEs in finance: an equivalence result with examples

We provide a set of verifiable sufficient conditions for proving in a number of practical examples the equivalence of the martingale and the PDE approaches to the valuation of derivatives. The key idea is to use a combination of analytic and probabilistic assumptions that covers typical models in finance falling outside the range of standard results from the literature. Applications include Heston's stochastic volatility model and the Black-Karasinski term structure model.
Error estimates for the unilateral buckling load of a plate involving the membrane efforts consistency error

The paper deals with error estimates for the unilateral buckling critical load of a thin plate in presence of an obstacle. The error on the membrane efforts tensor is taken into account. First, using the Mindlin’s plate model together with a finite elements scheme of degree one, an error estimate, depending on the mesh size h, is established. In order to validate this theoretical error estimate, some numerical experiments are presented. Second, using the Kirchhoff-Love’s plate model, an abstract error estimate is achieved. Its drawback is that it contains a hard term to evaluate.
Medically-attended anxiety and depression is increased among newly diagnosed patients with cold agglutinin disease: Analysis of an integrated claim-clinical cohort in the United States

Background Cold agglutinin disease (CAD) is a rare, chronic form of autoimmune hemolytic anemia. Clinical manifestations can include classical complement pathway-mediated chronic hemolysis, anemia, and profound fatigue. Research has shown that patients with other anemias may develop anxiety and depression, but this has not been studied previously in patients with CAD. Methods CAD patients were identified in the Optum Claims-Clinical dataset (between January 1, 2006–June 30, 2016) and matched to comparison patients without CAD by patient factors. Adjusted Cox regression models estimated time to anxiety and depression, defined by three different outcomes: medication use, hospitalization, and therapy related to anxiety and depression. Subset analyses were performed for primary CAD. Patients were followed until they had anxiety and depression, they left the Optum system, death, or the study period ended (June 30, 2016). Results Patients with CAD (n = 384) were more likely to have medically attended anxiety and depression (adjusted hazard ratio [aHR]: 1.6; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.3–2.1), to be prescribed antidepressants or psychotherapy after their CAD diagnosis (aHR: 1.8; 95% CI: 1.2–2.9), or to be hospitalized for an anxiety and depression-related event along with medication or psychotherapy (aHR: 2.0; 95% CI: 1.4–2.9) relative to matched comparisons (n = 2789), during the follow-up period. Patients with primary CAD were at increased risk for medically attended anxiety and depression (aHR: 1.8; 95% CI: 1.4–2.4), with the highest risk for prescription medication or therapy (aHR: 2.7; 95% CI: 1.6–4.6). Conclusions Our study indicates that medically attended anxiety and depression manifest at a higher rate in CAD patients than in a matched non-CAD cohort. Study findings suggest that CAD patients may experience a greater burden on mental health that may negatively contribute to their overall quality of life. Further investigation on this topic is warranted.