Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
ENABLING HYDROLOGICAL INTERPRETATION OF MONTHLY TO SEASONAL PRECIPITATION FORECASTS IN THE CORE NORTH AMERICAN MONSOON REGION

The aim of the research undertaken in this dissertation was to use medium-range to seasonal precipitation forecasts for hydrologic applications for catchments in the core North American Monsoon (NAM) region. To this end, it was necessary to develop a better understanding of the physical and statistical relationships between runoff processes and the temporal statistics of rainfall. To achieve this goal, development of statistically downscaled estimates of warm season precipitation over the core region of the North American Monsoon Experiment (NAME) were developed. Currently, NAM precipitation is poorly predicted on local and regional scales by Global Circulation Models (GCMs). The downscaling technique used here, the K-Nearest Neighbor (KNN) model, combines information from retrospective GCM forecasts with simultaneous historical observations to infer statistical relationships between the low-resolution GCM fields and the locallyobserved precipitation records. The stochastic nature of monsoon rainfall presents significant challenges for downscaling efforts and, therefore, necessitate a regionalization and an ensemble or probabilistic-based approach to quantitative precipitation forecasting. It was found that regionalization of the precipitation climatology prior to downscaling using KNN offered significant advantages in terms of improved skill scores. Selected output variables from retrospective ensemble runs of the National Centers for Environmental Predictions medium-range forecast (MRF) model were fed into the KNN downscaling model. The quality of the downscaled precipitation forecasts was evaluated in terms of a standard suite of ensemble verification metrics. This study represents the first time the KNN model has been successfully applied within a warm
Continuous Parameter Pools in Ensemble Differential Evolution

Ensemble of parameters and mutation strategies differential evolution (EPSDE) is an elegant promising optimization framework based on the idea that a pool of mutation and crossover strategies along, with associated pools of parameter settings, can flexibly adapt to a large variety of problems when a simple success based rule is introduced. Modern versions of this scheme successfully attempts to improve upon the original performance at the cost of a high complexity. One of most successful implementations of this algorithmic scheme is the Self-adaptive Ensemble of Parameters and Strategies Differential Evolution (SaEPSDE). This paper operates on the SaEPSDE, reducing its complexity by identifying some algorithmic components that we experimentally show as possibly unnecessary. The result of this de-constructing operation is a novel algorithm implementation, here referred to as "j" Ensemble of Strategies Differential Evolution (jESDE). The proposed implementation is drastically simpler than SaEPSDE as several parts of it have been removed or simplified. Nonetheless, jESDE appears to display a competitive performance, on diverse problems throughout various dimensionality values, with respect to the original EPSDE algorithm, as well as to SaEPSDE and three modern algorithms based on Differential Evolution.
First estimates of changes in extreme storm surge elevations due to the doubling of CO2

A two-dimensional storm surge model has been run for 5-year periods representing both control (statistically approximating the present climate) and 2 CO 2 scenarios using forcing data from the ECHAM3 climate model. The results have been used in a first attempt to determine the change in storm surge extremes caused by the doubling of atmospheric carbon dioxide. A 40-year run of the same model driven by present day (1955-1994) meteorological analyses provided by the Norwegian Meteorological Institute (DNMI) provides a basis against which to evaluate the results. It was found that surge elevations produced by the climate model control data were up to 60% lower than the equivalent set from the run using DNMI data. Surges produced by the 2 × CO 2 were larger than the control values-typically by 10-40 cm in the North Sea. The significance of this increase was examined. The natural variability of extreme values derived from 5-year data sets was investigated using results of the 40-year run. It was found that the increase in extreme surge elevation in the 2 × CO 2 run was less than the normal range of variability for different 5-year periods. Simple upscaling was then applied to the control and 2 × CO 2 results to allow direct comparison with the present day surge extremes. Surge elevations were found to remain within the normal range of variability except at a few locations in the southern North Sea. This suggests that the effect of 2 × CO 2 ' may be significant, however further experiments using longer data sets from climate models are required to determine more conclusively whether effects of climatic change can be distinguished from the natural variability.
Quantification and Mapping of Tissue 1 Damage from Freezing in Cod by 2 Magnetic Resonance Imaging 3

10 Freezing of fish is an important processing method that can extend the shelf life of the product but 11 can also lead to significant damage to the tissue if performed incorrectly. In order to thoroughly 12 evaluate different freezing protocols, a method to characterize the extent and distribution of damage 13 from freezing is needed. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) was tested as a technique to map and 14 quantify tissue damage from freezing in fish. Groups of packaged cod ( Gadus morhua) loin were 15 frozen to either -5, -20, or -40 °C, thawed and then imaged with a T 2 -weighted MRI sequence. Areas 16 of damage appear as bright clusters in the muscle tissue. To provide repeatable, objective 17 classification, image analysis using a convolutional neural network was then performed on the MRI 18 data to identify regions of damaged tissue. As expected, the colder the freezing procedure, the less 19 damage the process generally produced. Results show non-uniform damage throughout the fillet, 20 with tissue damage due to freezing concentrated in the center of the fillet. This suggests that surface 21 limited methods, such as hyperspectral imaging, may not fully capture the extent of damage due to 22 freezing and thawing. The percent of tissue classified as damaged by the neural network generally 23 correlated well with liquid loss ( cor = 0.83). 24
Stress fields of ancient seismicity recorded in the dynamic geometry of pseudotachylyte in the Outer 1 Hebrides Fault Zone , UK 2 3

15 Heterogeneous sequences of exhumed fault rocks preserve a record of long-term evolution of fault 16 strength and deformation behaviour during prolonged tectonic activity. Along the Outer Hebrides 17 Fault Zone (OHFZ), UK, numerous pseudotachylytes record palaeoseismic slip events within 18 sequences of mylonites, cataclasites and phyllonites. 19 To date, the kinematics and controls on seismicity within the long active history of the OHFZ have 20 been poorly constrained. Additional uncertainties over the relative location of a meteorite impact 21 and possible pre-OHFZ brittle faulting also complicates interpretation of the diffuse seismic record. 22 This study presents kinematic analyses of seismicity in the OHFZ, combining observations of offset 23 markers, en-echelon injection veins, and injection vein geometry to reconstruct slip directions and 24 stress fields. This new dataset indicates that a range of fault orientations, slip directions and slip 25 senses hosted seismicity in the OHFZ. Such complexity requires several stress field orientations, in 26 contrast to NW-SE Caledonian compression traditionally attributed to frictional melting along the 27 OHFZ, indicating that seismicity had a long-term presence across the fault zone. Persistence of 28 strong frictional failure alongside the simultaneous development of weak fault rocks and phyllonitic 29 shear zones in parts of the OHFZ has significant implications for understanding seismic hazard along 30 mature continental faults. 31 Supplementary material is available at: 32
HEALTH BEHAVIOURS AND THEIR DETERMINANTS AMONG PHYSICAL EDUCATION AND PEDAGOGY STUDENTS AS WELL AS SCHOOL TEACHERS – A COMPARISON STUDY

The aim of this study is to analyze social and individual determinants of health behaviour. The following factors are evaluated: nutrition, physical activity (PA) and smoking behaviour. The examined determinants of health behavior include: health-specific self-efficacy and health locus of control. Material and Methods: The survey was carried out among 298 students at state and private universities in Poznań and 342 teachers in primary and secondary schools in the Wielkopolska Province in Poland. The author’s questionnaire was used to assess nutrition and smoking status and the International Physical Activity Questionnaire (IPAQ) served to evaluate PA. The health related self-efficacy questionnaires and Multidimensional Health Locus of Control Scale (MHCL) were employed. Results and Conclusion: Health oriented physical education studies favour a more healthy lifestyle both during the studies and employment. The worst health behaviour patterns have been found among pedagogy students. The issue of healthy life style should be given more prominence in the curriculum at the undergraduate level to better develop health-sensitive personality in future teachers.
signaling pathway and CDK8 in HCT signaling pathway and CDK8 in HCT signaling pathway and CDK8 in HCT 116 and

Colorectal cancer is one of the leading causes of death worldwide. Wnt/ (cid:451) - catenin signalling pathway plays a central role in normal cellular responses, making it a potent target in cancer therapy. Study was taken to assess whether ellagic acid modulates Wnt/ (cid:451) - catenin pathway and CDK8 activity in colon cancer cells (HT 29 and HCT 116). Ellagic acid caused significant decrease in viability of cancer cells and markedly down-regulated the expression of CDK 8, (cid:451) - catenin, survivin, c-Myc and cyclin D1. siCDK8 transfection resulted in marked reduction in the expression of survivin, c-Myc and cyclin D1 as well. Considerable up-regulation in the expression of p-(cid:451) - catenin, axin1 and 2 following ellagic acid exposure were observed. Ellagic acid was able to effectively reduce cell viability and modulate expressions of Wnt/ (cid:451) - catenin signalling cascade proteins and down regulate the activity and expression of CDK8 in HT 29 and HCT 116 cells.
Enhancing Generation through Summarization Duality and Explicit Outline Control

Automatically open-ended long text generation poses significant challenges due to semantic incoherence and plot implausibil-ity. Previous works usually alleviate this problem through outlines in the form of short phrases or abstractive signals by designing unsupervised tasks, which tend to be unstable and weakly interpretable. Assuming that a summary serves as a mature outline, we introduce a two-stage, summary-enhanced outline supervised generation framework. This framework leverages the dual characteristics of the summarization task to improve outline prediction, resulting in more explicit and plausible outlines. Furthermore, we identify an underutilization issue in outline-based generation with both standard pretrained language models (e.g., GPT-2, BART) and large language models (e.g., Vicuna, Chat-GPT). To address this, we propose a novel explicit outline control method for more effective utilization of generated outlines. 1 .
A randomized controlled trial of W earable A ctivity T echnology A nd A ction-P lanning (WATAAP) to Promote Physical Activity in Colorectal and Endometrial Cancer Survivors

Objective: The objective of this study was to ascertain whether wearable technology, coupled with action-planning was effective in increasing physical activity (PA) in colorectal and endometrial cancer survivors at cardiovascular risk. Methods: Sixty-eight survivors who had cardiovascular risk factors and were insufficiently active were randomized to intervention and control arms. Intervention participants were given a wearable tracker for 12-weeks, two group sessions, and a support phone-call. Participants in the control arm received print materials describing PA guidelines. Assessments at baseline and 12-weeks measured triaxial and uniaxial estimates of moderate-vigorous physical activity (MVPA), sedentary behavior, blood pressure and BMI. Results: The intervention group significantly increased MVPA by 45-minutes/week compared to a reduction of 21-minutes/week in the control group. Group by time interactions
Unique Brain Network Identification Number for Parkinson's Individuals Using Structural MRI

—We propose a novel algorithm called Unique Brain Network Identification Number (UBNIN) for encoding brain networks of individual subject. To realize this objective, we employed T1-weighted structural MRI of 180 Parkinson’s disease (PD) patients from National Institute of Mental Health and Neurosciences, India. We parcellated each subject’s brain volume and constructed individual adjacency matrix using correlation between grey matter (GM) volume of every pair of regions. The unique code is derived from values representing connections of every node( i ), weighted by a factor of 2 -(i-1) . The numerical representation (UBNIN) was observed to be distinct for each individual brain network, which may also be applied to other neuroimaging modalities. This model may be implemented as neural signature of a person’s unique brain connectivity, thereby useful for brainprinting applications. Additionally, we segregated the above dataset into five age-cohorts: A:22-32years, B:33-42years, C:43-52years, D:53-62years and E:63-72years to study the variation in network topology over age. Sparsity was adopted as the threshold estimate to binarize each age-based correlation matrix. Connectivity metrics were obtained using Brain Connectivity toolbox-based MATLAB functions. For each age-cohort, a decreasing trend was observed in mean clustering coefficient with increasing sparsity. Significantly different clustering coefficient was noted between age-cohort B and C (sparsity: 0.63,0.66), C and E (sparsity: 0.66,0.69). Our findings suggest network connectivity patterns change with age, indicating network disruption due to the underlying neuropathology. Varying clustering coefficient for different cohorts indicate that information transfer between neighboring nodes change with age. This provides evidence on age-related brain shrinkage and network degeneration.
Journal of Graph Algorithms and Applications toward a Theory of Planarity: Hanani-tutte and Planarity Variants

We study Hanani-Tutte style theorems for various notions of planarity, including partially embedded planarity and simultaneous planarity. This approach brings together the combinatorial, computational and algebraic aspects of planarity notions and may serve as a uniform foundation for planarity, as suggested earlier in the writings of Tutte and Wu.
Algorithm for Design of Digital Notch Filter Using Simulation

A smooth waveform is generated of low frequency signal can be achieved through the Digital Notch Filter. Noise can be easily eliminated from a speech signal by using a Notch filter. In this paper the design of notch filter using MATLAB has been designed and implemented. The performance and characteristics of the filter has been shown in the waveform in the conclusion part of the paper.
Ecosystems and nature : economics, science and policy

Part 1 Biodiversity - basic science and economics. Part 2 Valuing ecosystems functions and services - demonstrating the value of natural biological capital: overviews tropical and temperate forests temperate and tropical wetlands marine resources grasslands and agriculture. Part 3 Capturing the value of ecosystem functions and services: property rights, institutions and policy instruments conservation management priorities, safe minimum standards and opportunities costs. Part 4 Ethics.
Measuring Motor Fatigability in the Upper Limbs in Individuals With Neurologic Disorders

Objective: To summarize the literature on deﬁnitions, assessment protocols, and outcome measures for motor fatigability in patients with neurologic problems and investigates the known clinimetric properties according to the COnsensus-based Standards for the selection of health Measurement INstruments (COSMIN) criteria. Data Sources: Two databases were consulted for studies published between January 2003 and November 2018 using the terms “motor fatigability,” “nervous system disease,” and “upper limb. ” Study Selection: Studies were included if they were (1) not older than 15 years; (2) written in English, German, or Dutch; (3) involved upper limbs of patients with neurologic disease; and (4) adequately described protocols using maximum voluntary contractions. Data Extraction: Thirty-three studies were included, describing 14 deﬁnitions, 37 assessment protocols, and 9 outcome measures. The following data were obtained: (1) author and publication year; (2) aim; (3) fatigability deﬁnition; (4) sample characteristics; (5) fatigability protocol; (8) measurement system; and (9) outcome measure. Data Synthesis: Protocols relating to body function level of the International Classiﬁcation of Functioning (ICF) were most often performed in patients with multiple sclerosis (MS) including maximal or submaximal, isometric or concentric, and eccentric contractions of variable duration. For ICF activities level, most protocols included wheelchair-related tasks. Clinimetric properties were known in 2 included protocols. Test-retest reliability in patients with MS were moderate to excellent for the
Designing for learning: interest, motivation, and engagement

report on analyses of student responses to science problems that empha-size understanding and application of knowledge in real-life situations using data from samples of more than 4,000 learners from Colombia, the United States, Estonia, and Sweden each (total N = 19,044). The assessment con-tained items that allowed them to examine how overall enjoyment of science contributes to learners’ interest in i nding out more about specii c topics. These items chronicled learners’ reactions to the specii cs of the topic on which the learners were working.
Knowledge building: Rationale, examples, design, and assessment

This article is based on a keynote address I gave at the symposium Knowledge Building: The journey begins, held in Wanaka, November 19, 2012, and sponsored by the Centre for Distance Education and Learning Technologies of the University of Otago and OtagoNet. The article explores knowledge building by examining its big ideas, examples of attempts at knowledge building in secondary schools, linkages to curriculum, and assessment.
Feature Extraction of Time-Series Data Condition Monitoring

This paper investigates the use of the discrete wavelet transform (DWT) and Fast Fourier Transform (FFT) to improve the quality of extracted features for machine learning. The case study in this paper is detecting the health state of the ballscrew of a gantry type machine tool. For the implementation of the algorithm for feature extraction, wavelet is first applied to the data, followed by FFT and then useful features are extracted from the resultant signal. The extracted features were then used in various machine learning algorithms like decision tree, K-nearest neighbour (KNN) and support vector machine (SVM) for binary classification of the ballscrew state. The result shows significant improvement in the classification accuracy after the wavelet transform and FFT has been performed on the data.
Innovation and labor in the port industry: A comparison between Genoa and Antwerp

With the advancement of innovation initiatives in the port industry, port labor has fundamentally changed in terms of new tasks, skills required, professional profiles, training, employment relations, work organization, and number of jobs. Current literature often focuses more on the assessment of investments in this particular sector rather than on the evaluation of innovative processes and the interaction with employment issues. In this article, the authors assess the relationship between innovation and employment in the port industry by comparing two distinct case studies— the ports of Antwerp and Genoa— which are characterized by partially common features and different socio-institutional contexts. Based on qualitative research conducted between 2016 and 2019, the comparative study finds that incremental innovative solutions produce a polarized port labor market in both cases, as previous studies assess. Nevertheless, the findings show that, in the case of Antwerp, a mediated and structured bargaining system interacts positively with employment issues and incremental innovative solutions, while in the case of Genoa, a disarticu-lated and less structured context reflects a weaker ability to influence virtuously the intertwine between innovation and employment.
Abel Brodeur and Sarah Flèche Neighbors' income, public goods, and well ‐ being

How does neighbors’ income aﬀect individual well-being? Our analysis is based on rich US local data from the Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System, which contains information on where respondents live and their self-reported well-being. We ﬁnd that the eﬀect of neighbors’ income on individuals’ self-reported well-being varies with the size of the neighborhood included. In smaller areas such as ZIP codes, we ﬁnd a positive relationship between median income and individuals’ life satisfaction, whereas it is the opposite at the county, MSA and state levels. We provide evidence that local public goods and local area characteristics such as unemployment, criminality and poverty rates drive the association between satisfaction and neighbors’ income at the ZIP code level. The neighbors’ income eﬀects are mainly concentrated among poorer individuals and are as large as one-quarter the eﬀect of own income on self-reported well-being.
Central Lancashire Online Knowledge (CLoK)

The aim of this study was to examine variations in measures of body composition in elite soccer players. Skinfolds and measures of body mass (BM) recorded on a monthly basis across an entire competitive season in a group of senior professional players (N=26) were used to estimate body fat (%BF) and provide fat-free body mass values (FFBM). Mean values in players were compared between six specific positional roles (goalkeepers, central and lateral defenders/midfielders and centre-forwards). In-season variations in measures were studied by comparing values at 5 separate points across the season. The effects of positional group (goalkeepers, defenders, midfielders and forwards) and exposure time to play (participation time in training and matches) in relation to in-season variations were also examined. To investigate inter-seasonal changes, repeated measures were taken in players (N=9) over three consecutive seasons. In relation to positional role, a difference in average %BF and BM values was observed (p<0.001) with substantial differences observed in goalkeepers, lateral midfielders and forwards. Across all players, there were significant in-season variations in %BF (between start-and mid-season and mid-and end-season, p<0.001) and FFBM (between start-and mid-season and start-and end-season, p<0.001) while BM remained unchanged. Further analysis of these fluctuations in %BF and FFBM at different points of the season showed that variations differed across the positional groups (p<0.01), especially in defenders and midfielders. In contrast, no association was observed between measures and exposure time and no differences were reported across seasons. Practitioners should consider individual positional role when interpreting mean body composition data. They should also take into account positional groups when in-season variations in body composition are identified.