Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The Jet-Disk Connection in AGNs: Chandra and XMM-Newton Observations of Three Powerful Radio-Loud Quasars

The connection between the accretion process that powers AGNs and the formation of jets is still poorly understood. Here we tackle this issue using new, deep Chandra and XMM-Newton observations of the cores of three powerful radio-loud quasars, 1136-135, 1150+497 (Chandra), and 0723+679 (XMM-Newton), in the redshift range z = 0.3-0.8. These sources are known from our previous Chandra snapshot survey to have kiloparsec-scale X-ray jets. In 1136-135 and 1150+497, evidence is found for the presence of diffuse thermal X-ray emission around the cores, on scales of 40-50 kpc and with luminosity L(0.3-2 keV) ~ 1043 ergs s-1, suggesting thermal emission from the host galaxy or a galaxy group. The X-ray continua of the cores in the three sources are described by an upward-curved (concave) broken power law, with photon indices Γsoft ~ 1.8-2.1 and Γhard ~ 1.7 below and above ≈2 keV, respectively. There is evidence for an unresolved Fe Kα line with EW ~ 70 eV in the three quasars. The spectral energy distributions of the sources can be well described by a mix of jet and disk emission, with the jet dominating the radio and hard X-rays (via synchrotron and external Compton radiation) and the disk dominating the optical/UV through soft X-rays. A comparison of the kiloparsec-scale with the parsec-scale jet powers shows that the two agree within a factor of 2, confirming previous findings for γ-ray blazars. This suggests that the power channeled into the jet is stable on timescales of the order of 104-105 yr and that a negligible fraction of the kinetic power of the jet is dissipiated along its path from the innermost regions of the AGN to the hundreds of kiloparsec scales.
Mega-Influencers as Online Opinion Leaders: Establishing Cosmetic Brand Engagement on Social Media

Abstract The prominent growth of social media users, particularly during the COVID-19 pandemic, allows social media to become a potential platform for product promotion. The presence of digital influencers as online opinion leaders has been proven to influence brand value perception, establish brand engagement, and encourage consumer purchase intention. As the country with the fourth-largest population globally, Indonesia is a lucrative market for cosmetic products. In addition to the rising number of the millennial generation who is interested in beauty products, the male segment which is no less concerned about appearance also expands the cosmetics market. A quantitative method was applied using an online questionnaire to 220 samples. The findings reveal that perceived influence has a positive effect on purchase intention with brand engagement in self-concept and brand expected value as the mediating variables. Likewise, brand engagement in self-concept has a positive effect on brand expected value. This study recommends XYZ Cosmetics to continue enrolling Tasya Farasya, considering that, as a mega-influencer with enormous Instagram followers in Indonesia, she can drive the perception and behavior of her followers.
Testing Measurement Invariance over Time with Intensive Longitudinal Data and Identifying a Source of Non-invariance

Abstract Longitudinal measurement invariance (LMI) is a critical prerequisite to assessing change over time with intensive longitudinal data (ILD). For LMI testing with ILD, we propose cross-classified factor analysis (CCFA) to detect non-invariant item parameters and alignment optimization (AO) to detect non-invariant time points as a supplement to CCFA. In addition, we use a covariate in CCFA to identify a source of non-invariance. To evaluate the proposed models under unique features of ILD, such as autoregression (AR), we conducted a Monte Carlo simulation study. The results showed CCFA can be an excellent tool for ILD LMI testing regardless of simulation factors even when AR was misspecified and can identify a source of non-invariance using a covariate. AO can supplement CCFA to find non-invariant time points although AO requires a large number of persons. We provide detailed discussions and practical suggestions.
X-Ray Variability Coherence: How to Compute It, What It Means, and How It Constrains Models of GX 339–4 and Cygnus X-1

We describe how the coherence function—a Fourier frequency-dependent measure of the linear correlation between time series measured simultaneously in two energy channels—can be used in conjunction with energy spectra, power spectra, and time delays between energy channels to constrain models of the spectrum and variability of X-ray binaries. Here we present a procedure for estimating the coherence function in the presence of counting noise. We apply this method to the black hole candidates Cyg X-1 and GX 339-4 and find that the near-perfect coherence between low- and high-energy X-ray photons rules out a wide range of models that postulate spatially extended fluctuating emission, thermal flares, and overlapping shot noise.
Gravitational microlensing of stars with transiting planets

If planetary systems are ubiquitous then a fraction of stars should possess a transiting planet when being microlensed. This paper presents a study of the influence of such planets on microlensing light curves. For the giant planets recently identified, the deviations in the light curve can be substantial, although the specifics of the perturbations are dependent upon the radius of the planet relative to that of the star, the location of the planet over the stellar surface and the orientation of the sweeping caustic. Given that the instantaneous probability of transiting hot-Jupiter like planets is small, less than a percent, and only a proportion of microlensing events exhibit caustic crossing events, the probability of detecting a transiting planet during a microlensing event is small, ~10 -6 . However, a number of factors influencing this probability, such as the number of solar type star that possess planets, are uncertain, and the prospect of detecting transiting planets in future large catalogues of microlensing light curves may be viable. The results of this study also have bearing on the gravitational microlensing of spots on the stellar surface.
Morphological Segregation in the Surroundings of Cosmic Voids

We explore the morphology of galaxies living in the proximity of cosmic voids, using a sample of voids identified in the Sloan Digital Sky Survey Data Release 7. At all stellar masses, void galaxies exhibit morphologies of a later type than galaxies in a control sample, which represent galaxies in an average density environment. We interpret this trend as a pure environmental effect, independent of the mass bias, due to a slower galaxy build-up in the rarefied regions of voids. We confirm previous findings about a clear segregation in galaxy morphology, with galaxies of a later type being found at smaller void-centric distances with respect to the early-type galaxies. We also show, for the first time, that the radius of the void has an impact on the evolutionary history of the galaxies that live within it or in its surroundings. In fact, an enhanced fraction of late-type galaxies is found in the proximity of voids larger than the median void radius. Likewise, an excess of early-type galaxies is observed within or around voids of a smaller size. A significant difference in galaxy properties in voids of different sizes is observed up to 2 Rvoid, which we define as the region of influence of voids. The significance of this difference is greater than 3σ for all the volume-complete samples considered here. The fraction of star-forming galaxies shows the same behavior as the late-type galaxies, but no significant difference in stellar mass is observed in the proximity of voids of different sizes.
ournal of Statistical Mechanics : J Theory and Experiment

Several algorithms for solving constraint satisfaction problems are based on survey propagation, a variational inference scheme used to obtain approximate marginal probability estimates for variable assignments. These marginals correspond to how frequently each variable is set to true among satisfying assignments, and are used to inform branching decisions during search; however, marginal estimates obtained via survey propagation are approximate and can be self-contradictory. We introduce a more general branching strategy based on streamlining constraints, which sidestep hard assignments to variables. We show that streamlined solvers consistently outperform decimation-based solvers on random k-SAT instances for several problem sizes, shrinking the gap between empirical performance and theoretical limits of satisfiability by 16.3% on average for k = 3, 4, 5, 6.
Dynamical analysis on f(R,G) cosmology

We use a dynamical system approach to study the cosmological viability of f(R,G) gravity theories. The method consists of formulating the evolution equations as an autonomous system of ordinary differential equations, using suitable variables. The formalism is applied to a class of models in which f(R,G)∝RnG1−n and its solutions and corresponding stability are analysed in detail. New accelerating solutions that can be attractors in the phase space are found. We also find that this class of models does not exhibit a matter-dominated epoch, a solution which is inconsistent with current cosmological observations.
On Some Finiteness Properties in Infinite Groups

We consider some questions concerning finiteness properties in infinite groups which are related to Marshall Hall's theorem. We call these properties Property S and Property R, and they are trivially true in finite groups. We give several elementary proofs using these properties for results on finitely generated subgroups of free groups as well as a new elementary proof of Hall's basic result. Finally, we consider these properties within surface groups and prove an analog of Hall's theorem in that context.
Influence of Wastes of Taro Leaf, Sugar Beet and Saw Dust on Physiochemical Parameters of Produced Vermicompost

Climatic change and its negative impacts may consider as one of the big global challenges, and eliminate soil and water availability time by time. Adding organic fertilizers (i.e. vermicompost) as soil amelioration may consider as one of effective approaches in order to recover soil degradation and enhance water retention in soil. Through vermicomposting, agro-wastes are converted into vermicompost that rich in humus, growth promoters (i.e. amino acids, growth hormones) and nutrients. Obtained results of this study indicated that these agro-wastes resulted in varying of physiochemical parameters and vermicompost content of amino acids and growth promoters. Whereas, adding Saw Dust (SD) to Cow dung (CD) during vermicomposting resulted in raising Organic matter and N content. Meanwhile, adding SD to Fish Sludge (FS) resulted in increment in C:N ratio and P content in vermicompost. Besides, adding Taro leaf (TL) to cow dung during vermicomposting led to increment in amino acids. In addition, adding Sugar Beet (SB) to cow dung during vermicomposting resulted in raising Abscisic acid (ABA) and gibberellins (GA3) content. Moreover, these different agro-wastes resulted in varying microbial activity and the highest activities produced when TL adding to FS during vermicomposting. Finally, these different agro-wastes led to differing in antimicrobial activity in produced vermicompost. From the results of the study, research team concluded that there is a great potential to produce vermicompost with specific quality that may play a crucial role in combat climatic change particularly reinforce tolerant plant to drought stress.
Psychometric validation of the Brazilian Portuguese version of the Body Image Scale – HIV for people living with HIV/AIDS

Introduction: Body Image can be defined as the mental representation of body identity. The surroundings, the gaze of the other, they emotions, they integrity, and our own fragility are elements of this representation. The social stigma caused by body changes in people living with HIV / AIDS may be more intense than the fear of death itself, being important to assess the impact of these changes in the course of treatment. Objective: To perform the psychometric validation of the Brazilian Portuguese version of the Body Image Scale - HIV for a sample of Brazilians, of both sexes, living with HIV / AIDS. Methods: The total of 1050 patients were recruited from the São Bernardo do Campo HIV/AIDS program, aged between 18 and 78 years. Confirmatory factor analysis using the Unweighted Least Square and listwise deletion was used to determine the adherence of the data to the models tested. Results: Adequate coefficients of internal reliability and evidence of construct validity were established for the Brazilian version of BIS-HIV in the unifactorial model. Conclusion:This scale, with evidenced psychometric qualities, provides a useful tool for quantitative investigations of body image in people with HIV/AIDS in the Brazilian context and extends the possibility of future cross-cultural research.
Implications of Limited Liquid Water Path on Static Mixing within Arctic Low-Level Clouds

Observations of cloud properties and thermodynamics from two Arctic locations, Barrow, Alaska, and Surface Heat Budget of the Arctic (SHEBA), are examined. A comparison of in-cloud thermodynamic mixing characteristics for low-level, single-layer clouds from nearly a decade of data at Barrow and one full annualcycleovertheseaiceatSHEBAisperformed.Thesecloudtypesoccurrelativelyfrequently,evidentin 27%‐30% of all cloudy cases. To understand the role of liquid water path (LWP), or lack thereof, on static incloud mixing, cloud layers are separated into optically thin and optically thick LWP subclasses. Clouds with larger LWPs tend to have a deeper in-cloud mixed layer relative to optically thinner clouds. However, both cloud LWP subclasses are frequently characterized by an in-cloud stable layer above the mixed layer top. The depth of the stable layer generally correlates with an increased temperature gradient across the layer. This layer often contains a specific humidity inversion, but it is more frequently present when cloud LWP is optically thinner (LWP , 50gm 22 ). It is suggested that horizontal thermodynamic advection plays a key role modifyingthe verticalextentofin-cloud mixingandlikewisethe depthofin-cloudstablelayers.Furthermore, longwave atmospheric opacity above the cloud top is generally enhanced during cases with optically thinner clouds. Thermodynamic advection, cloud condensate distribution within the stable layer, and enhanced atmospheric radiation above the cloud are found to introduce a thermodynamic‐radiative feedback that potentially modifies the extent of LWP and subsequent in-cloud mixing.
High-energy Variability of PSR J1311-3430

We have studied the variability of the black-widow-type binary millisecond pulsar PSR J1311−3430 from optical to gamma-ray energies. We confirm evidence for orbital modulation in the weak off-pulse ≳200 MeV emission, with a peak at , following pulsar inferior conjunction. The peak has a relatively hard spectrum, extending above ∼1 GeV. XMM-Newton and Swift UV observations also show that this source’s strong X-ray flaring activity is associated with optical/UV flares. With a duty cycle of ∼7%–19%, this flaring is quite prominent with an apparent power-law intensity distribution. Flares are present at all orbital phases, with a slight preference for . We explore possible connections of these variabilities with the intrabinary shock and magnetic activity on the low-mass secondary.
Does Time to Adjuvant Chemotherapy after Radical Cystectomy Affect Survival in Muscle Invasive Bladder Cancer? A Systematic Review

Simple Summary With enhanced recovery after surgery protocols, it is now possible to decrease a patient’s length of stay in the hospital and administer adjuvant chemotherapy earlier than before. Our study analyzed 7056 patients who underwent a radical cystectomy and subsequent adjuvant chemotherapy to determine if an earlier timing of adjuvant chemotherapy would affect survival outcomes. We found that earlier time to adjuvant therapy showed a survival benefit, and a benefit persisted regardless of timing when compared to controls. Abstract (1) Purpose: To assess the survival benefit for different times to adjuvant chemotherapy after a radical cystectomy. (2) Materials and Methods: We systematically searched PubMed®, Cochrane Central®, Scopus®, and Web of Science® library databases for original articles that looked at timing to adjuvant chemotherapy after radical cystectomy. Primary endpoints were five-year survival, progression free survival, and overall survival. Available multivariable hazard ratios and corresponding 95% CIs were included in the qualitative analysis. The risk of bias was completed for nonrandomized studies. (3) Results: Using PRISMA guidelines, our electronic search resulted in a total of 1862 records. After a detailed review, we selected four studies that addressed the impact of the timing of adjuvant chemotherapy for patients who underwent radical cystectomy. (4) Conclusion: A survival benefit was seen with an earlier administration of adjuvant chemotherapy, albeit a benefit persists for delayed chemotherapy post-radical cystectomy. A safe and ethical approach at this time would be to administer adjuvant chemotherapy as early in the postoperative period as possible, given the known survival benefit of such therapy (9–11% absolute survival benefit at five years).
The Central Regions of M31 in the 3-5 μm Wavelength Region

Images obtained with NIRI on the Gemini North telescope are used to investigate the photometric properties of the central regions of M31 in the 3-5 μm wavelength range. The light distribution in the central arcsecond differs from what is seen in the near-infrared in the sense that the difference in peak brightness between P1 and P2 is larger in M′ than in K′; no obvious signature of P3 is detected in M′. These results can be explained if there is a source of emission that contributes ∼20% of the peak M′ light of P1, has an effective temperature of no more than a few hundred K, and is located between P1 and P2. Based on the red K - M′ color of this source, it is suggested that the emission originates in a circumstellar dust shell surrounding a single bright asymptotic giant branch (AGB) star. Tests of this hypothesis are described. A bright source that is ∼8″ from the center of the galaxy is also detected in M′. This object has red colors and an absolute brightness in M′ that is similar to the most highly evolved AGB stars in the solar neighborhood; hence, it is likely to be a very evolved AGB star embedded in a circumstellar envelope. The K-band brightness of this star is close to the peak expected for AGB evolution, and an age of only a few hundred million years is estimated, which is comparable to that of the P3 star cluster. Finally, using high angular resolution near-infrared adaptive optics images as a guide, a sample of unblended AGB stars outside of the central few arcseconds is defined in L′. The (L′, K - L′) color-magnitude diagram of these sources shows a dominant AGB population with a peak L′ brightness and a range of K - L′ colors that are similar to those of the most luminous M giants in the Galactic bulge.
Hyperfine interaction for holes in quantum dots: 
k·p
 model

We formulate the multi-band k.p theory of hyperfine interactions for semiconductor nanostructures in the envelope function approximation. We apply this theoretical description to the fluctuations of the longitudinal and transverse Overhauser field experienced by a hole for a range of InGaAs quantum dots of various compositions and geometries. We find, in agreement with previous estimates, that the transverse Overhauser field is of the same order of magnitude as the longitudinal one and is dominated by the $d$-shell admixture to atomic states with only a minor correction from band mixing in all the cases. In consequence, the k.p results are well reproduced by a simple box model with the effective number of ions determined by the wave function participation number, as long as the hole is confined in the compositionally uniform volume of the dot, which holds in a wide range of parameters, excluding very flat dots.
Outshining the Quasars at Reionization: The X-Ray Spectrum and Light Curveof the Redshift 6.29 Gamma-Ray Burst GRB 050904

Gamma-ray burst (GRB) 050904 is the most distant X-ray source known, at z = 6.295, comparable to the farthest AGNs and galaxies. Its X-ray flux decays, but not as a power law; it is dominated by large variability from a few minutes to at least half a day. The spectra soften from a power law with photon index Γ = 1.2-1.9 and are well fit by an absorbed power law with possible evidence of large intrinsic absorption. There is no evidence for discrete features, in spite of the high signal-to-noise ratio. In the days after the burst, GRB 050904 was by far the brightest known X-ray source at z > 4. In the first minutes after the burst, the flux was >10-9 ergs cm-2 s-1 in the 0.2-10 keV band, corresponding to an apparent luminosity >105 times larger than the brightest AGNs at these distances. More photons were acquired in a few minutes with Swift XRT than XMM-Newton and Chandra obtained in ~300 ks of pointed observations of z > 5 AGNs. This observation is a clear demonstration of concept for efficient X-ray studies of the high-z IGM with large-area, high-resolution X-ray detectors and shows that early-phase GRBs are the only backlighting bright enough for X-ray absorption studies of the IGM at high redshift.
Laser linewidth effects in quantum state discrimination by EIT

We discuss the use of electromagnetically modiﬁed absorption to achieve selective excitation in atoms: that is, the laser excitation of one transition while avoiding simultaneously exciting another transition whose frequency is the same as or close to that of the ﬁrst. The selectivity which can be achieved in the presence of electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT) is limited by the decoherence rate of the dark state. We present exact analytical expressions for this eﬀect, and also physical models and approximate expressions which give useful insights into the phenomena. When the laser frequencies are near-resonant with the single-photon atomic transitions, EIT is essential for achieving discrimination. When the laser frequencies are far detuned, the ‘bright’ two-photon Raman resonance is important for achieving selective excitation, while the ‘dark’ resonance (EIT) need not be. The application to laser cooling of a trapped atom is also discussed.