Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Obese Nulliparous Women and the Risk for Maternal and Fetal Complications

Obesity is becoming a global health care problem and an increasing number of obese female patients are getting pregnant. Aim of our study was to know the prevalence of obesity in nulliparous women and its impact on pregnancy as well as fetus. Patients and Methods: All nulliparous women with single pregnancy and gestational age of 37 weeks and above were included in the study. Primigradvida with multiple pregnancies, fetal abnormalities, and gestational age less than 37 weeks were excluded. Patients were divided into normal, overweight and obese group according to their prepragnancy body mass index (BMI). Results: Total 2243 nulliparous women were included in the study, majority (56.8%) of patients were in the normal BMI group and only 24.8% were obese. But a significantly higher number of obese nulliparous women were in the age group of 18 to 29 years (P significantly higher (P 0.05) in obese nulliparous women. Overweight and obese nulliparous patients required significantly higher emergency caesarean section and assisted vaginal deliveries compared to the normal BMI nulliparous women (P
The rise and fall of creativity in English education

Creativity is currently a popular, but ill-defined, word in English primary education. The concept of creativity has been a recurring feature of government reports, education acts and advice to teachers but the history of creativity is cycles of promotion followed by a swing away from creativity towards a ‘back to basics’ model. This cyclical nature of educational thought and practice regarding creativity was analyzed. The main threats to creativity seem to be a lack of shared definition; lack of resources; a perception of creativity as antithetical to standards; and teachers seen as technicians rather than professionals. The Hadow Report (1931), which formalised the primary stage of schooling, did not use the word creativity but advocated many approaches that would be considered creative today. Similar approaches were recommended in the Plowden Report (1967) and again in Excellence and Enjoyment (DfES, 2003). In addition to Excellence and Enjoyment, currently creativity is promoted in The Early Years Foundation Stage and the National Curriculum, although they all use the term creativity differently. The result is that the government is promoting creativity without teachers, pupils and the general public sharing a clear understanding of what this means. The danger in this lack of agreement is that creativity becomes a meaningless rallying cry rather than an embedded concept. A common conception of creativity as building on skills and knowledge is needed to prevent another swing away from creativity in education. This needs to be supported by trusted, professional teachers.
NEW DEMOSAICING ALGORITHM ESPECIALLY FOR MEASUREMENT OF GEOMETRIES BY IMAGE PROCESSING

Most cost-effective colour cameras have single image sensors with a fixed repeating pattern of colour filters with transmission spectra analogous to the human eye. To reconstruct a full colour image a process often referred to as "demosaicing" is necessary. Almost every past method for demosaicing had the intention to create the most pleasant image for the human observer. For dimensional measurement the priority is to create images without geometric errors, while the aesthetics of an image should only be the second priority. From a metrological point of view, the most important issue with this type of raw image data is that the three channels all have different pixel-grid positions and two different resolutions. This paper presents a new demosaicing method that is especially designed for applications of dimensional measurement and compares its application to common demosaicing methods.
Microsocial Implications of the Macrostructural Distribution of Social Resources

Abstract The general purpose of this paper is to develop an explanation of how the macrostructural distribution of social resources affects the microsocial structure of personal social networks and, therefore, constraints on individual purposive action. Specifically, the paper attempts to provide a theoretical integration for two sets of recent findings; those noting status-related variations in personal network structures and those noting differential success in occupational attainment as a function of personal network structure and use. It is suggested that the effects of macrosocial and microsocial structure on purposive action in general can now be understood using a social resources perspective.
Developing a bio inspired steerable robot actuated by shape memory alloy springs

Shape memory alloy (SMA) actuators are good candidates for actuators of mechatronic systems because they can minimize the size and weight of system. In addition, developing small robots which mimic the behavior of animals in movement has been under study in recent decade. The properties of shape memory alloys make them suitable candidates for substitution of animal muscle. In this paper a solution for active locomotion of a robot is described. Inspired by inchworm locomotion, the authors present the design, development, simulation and testing of a small robot actuated by a pair of shape memory alloy springs. In contrast to other presented works in recent years, the developed mechanism is able to steer in addition to move forward. The actuation and transmission mechanisms are described in detail which shows applicability of the design. The robot is placed on a four wheels able to rotate only in one direction. Through the activation of SMAs in a pre defined plan, the robot's configuration changes and locomotion happens. A simulation platform for observing the robot's behavior in addition to optimizing the robot parameters has been provided. Using the platform, a plan for activation of SMAs for forward motion or steering is extracted. In order to investigate the motion ability of the robot, a set of experiments has been carried out. Experimental results verified the robot ability to move straight or steer on a common plane.
Out-of-order issue logic using sorting networks

A fundamental property of superscalar architectures is the execution of multiple instructions per cycle. To accomplish this, the issue logic selects and prioritizes the instructions whose operands will be ready in the next cycle, using wakeup, select and queue update logic. By incorporating the issue logic in one pipeline stage, dependent instructions can be issued in consecutive cycles. However, the many serial operations required makes this problematic from a circuit delay perspective. In this paper, we propose an issue queue design that divides the ready signals into groups, sorts the groups in parallel and provides four oldest ready instructions for issue, with single-cycle operation. Static CMOS select and update logic reduces power and low fan-out in many stages improves circuit speed. The complete issue logic requires 30 inversions, allowing simulated circuit operation at over 3 GHz in a foundry 45nm SOI fabrication process.
Intraarterial thrombolysis in a pig model: a preliminary note.

PURPOSE To develop a pig model of arterial thrombosis suitable for assessing different methods of thrombolysis and to use this model to compare the efficacy of intraarterial thrombolysis performed by continuous proximal urokinase infusion versus mechanical clot disruption combined with intrathrombic urokinase injection. METHODS In a control group of five pigs, a thrombus was made in a short segment of femoral artery and observed for 2 hours to assess its stability. In a treatment group of six pigs, intraarterial thrombolysis was performed immediately after thrombus formation. Thrombolysis was accomplished by continuously infusing urokinase into the proximal leading edge of the thrombus in three pigs and by mechanical clot disruption combined with intrathrombic urokinase injection in the remaining three pigs. RESULTS There was no spontaneous reestablishment of flow in the control group during the 2-hour observation period. In the first treatment group, no flow was observed after a 1-hour treatment period when urokinase was infused continuously into the proximal edge of the thrombus. In the second treatment group, with mechanical clot disruption and intrathrombic urokinase injection, some degree of flow was observed in all three pigs. Reestablishment of flow was more sustained and of a greater degree with the addition of systemic heparinization. CONCLUSION This animal model could provide a useful way to evaluate and compare different methods of thrombolysis. Our results suggest that mechanical clot disruption combined with intrathrombic urokinase injection is more effective in achieving reestablishment of flow than is continuous infusion of urokinase into the proximal edge of the thrombus.
Detecting Peering Infrastructure Outages in the Wild

Peering infrastructures, namely, colocation facilities and Internet exchange points, are located in every major city, have hundreds of network members, and support hundreds of thousands of interconnections around the globe. These infrastructures are well provisioned and managed, but outages have to be expected, e.g., due to power failures, human errors, attacks, and natural disasters. However, little is known about the frequency and impact of outages at these critical infrastructures with high peering concentration. In this paper, we develop a novel and lightweight methodology for detecting peering infrastructure outages. Our methodology relies on the observation that BGP communities, announced with routing updates, are an excellent and yet unexplored source of information allowing us to pinpoint outage locations with high accuracy. We build and operate a system that can locate the epicenter of infrastructure outages at the level of a building and track the reaction of networks in near real-time. Our analysis unveils four times as many outages as compared to those publicly reported over the past five years. Moreover, we show that such outages have significant impact on remote networks and peering infrastructures. Our study provides a unique view of the Internet's behavior under stress that often goes unreported.
Transcriptional Organization and Function of Invasion Genes within Salmonella enterica Serovar Typhimurium Pathogenicity Island 1, Including the prgH,prgI, prgJ, prgK, orgA,orgB, and orgC Genes

ABSTRACT Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium initiates infection of a host by inducing its own uptake into specialized M cells which reside within the epithelium overlaying Peyer's patches. Entry of Salmonella into intestinal epithelial cells is dependent upon invasion genes that are clustered together inSalmonella pathogenicity island 1 (SPI-1). Upon contact between serovar Typhimurium and epithelial cells targeted for bacterial internalization, bacterial proteins are injected into the host cell through a type III secretion system that leads to internalization of the bacteria. Previous work has established that the prgH, -I, -J, and -K and orgAgenes reside in SPI-1, and the products of these genes are predicted to be components of the invasion secretion apparatus. We report that an error in the published orgA DNA sequence has been identified so that this region encodes two small genes rather than a single large open reading frame. These genes have been designatedorgA and orgB. Additionally, an opening reading frame downstream of orgB, which we have designatedorgC, has been identified and partially characterized. Previously published work has indicated that the prgH, -I, -J, and -K genes are transcribed from a promoter distinct from that used by the gene immediately downstream, orgA. Here, we present experiments indicating that orgA expression is driven by theprgH promoter. In addition, using reverse transcriptase PCR analysis, we have found that this polycistronic message extends downstream of prgH to include a total of 10 genes. To more fully characterize this invasion operon, we demonstrate that theprgH, prgI, prgJ, prgK,orgA, and orgB genes are each required for invasion and secretion, while orgC is not essential for the invasive phenotype.
Comparative Analysis of Control Strategies for Large Doubly-Fed Reluctance Wind Generators

This paper deals with field-oriented control (FOC) and vector control (VC) of a promising brushless doubly-fed reluctance generator (BDFRG) technology for large-scale wind turbines. The RDFRG has been receiving increasing attention because of the low operation & maintenance costs afforded by the use of partially-rated power electronics, and the high reliability of brushless construction, while offering performance competitive to its well-known slip-ring counterpart, the doubly- fed induction generator (DFIG). The two robust control schemes have been developed for a custom-designed BDFRG fed from a conventional 'back-to-back' IGBT converter. The preliminary studies have evaluated and compared the algorithms under the maximum torque per inverter ampere (MTPIA) conditions allowing the improved efficiency of the generator-converter set and the entire wind energy conversion system (WECS).
Mouse hepatitis viral infection induces an extrathymic differentiation of the specific intrahepatic alpha beta-TCRintermediate LFA-1high T-cell population.

Mouse hepatitis virus type 3 (MHV3), a coronavirus, is an excellent model for the study of thymic and extrathymic T‐cell subpopulation disorders induced during viral hepatitis. It was recently reported that, in addition to the intrathymic T‐cell diVerentiation pathway, an extrathymic differentiation pathway of αβ‐T‐cell receptor (TCR) T lymphocytes exists in the liver, and becomes important under pathological situations such as autoimmune diseases, malignancies or hepatic bacterial infections. In the present study, we compared the phenotypes of resident hepatic, splenic or thymic T‐cell subpopulations during the acute viral hepatitis induced by MHV3 in susceptible C57BL/6 mice. The number of liver‐resident mononuclear cells (MNC) increased during the viral infection, while cellularity decreased. Single positive (SP) CD4+ cells strongly increased in both the liver and thymus, while double positive (DP) (CD4+CD8+) cells, present in the liver and thymus of mock‐infected mice, decreased in C57BL/6 mice during the viral infection. A shift of αβ‐TCRintermediate T cells toward αβ‐TCRhigh was evidenced in the liver and thymus of infected mice, but not in the spleen. The few αβ‐TCRint double negative (DN) (CD4‐CD8‐) cells also decreased following viral infection. αβ‐TCRint or high lymphocytes expressing high levels of leucocyte function antigen‐1 (LFA‐1) increased in the liver of MHV3‐infected mice. In addition, liver‐resident T cells expressed strongly the CD44 (Pgp‐1) activation marker, suggesting that they were either activated or antigen experienced during the viral infection. No significant change in T‐cell subpopulations was detected in the spleen, suggesting that MHV3 infection could induce an early in situ differentiation of resident hepatic T cells rather than a recruitment of lymphocytes from peripheral lymphoid organs.
Workshop 2: Mixed Reality User Interfaces: Specification, Authoring, Adaptation

A spin casting style fishing reel is provided with an anti-reverse mechanism which prevents the crank assembly from being rotated in a reverse direction wherein fishing line is payed out, when a selection switch for the mechanism is set in a first position. The selection switch can be selectively moved between the first position and a second position for activation and deactivation of the anti-reverse mechanism. A lever portion of the anti-reverse mechanism has an integral activation arm which follows the movement of the selection switch between the first and second positions, activating and deactivating the anti-reverse mechanism, and a bias receiving arm to which a spring is mounted to hold the activation arm in engagement with the selection switch.
Target-Dependent Release of a Presynaptic Neuropeptide Regulates the Formation and Maturation of Specific Synapses in Aplysia

The correct wiring of neurons is critical for the normal functioning of the nervous system. Sensory neurons of Aplysia form synapses with specific postsynaptic targets. Interaction with appropriate target cells in culture induces a significant increase in axon growth, the number of sensory neuron varicosities with release sites contacting the target, and regulates the expression and distribution of mRNAs encoding presynaptic proteins such as syntaxin and the sensory neuron-specific neuropeptide sensorin. Synapse stabilization is accompanied by the maintenance of presynaptic varicosities and target-dependent regulation of mRNA distributions. We report here that specific targets induce the release of sensorin from sensory neurons, which then regulates synaptic efficacy, axonal growth associated with synapse formation, the maintenance of synaptic contacts, and the specific distribution of mRNAs. Bath application of an antisensorin antibody during the early phase of synapse formation blocked the expected increase in synaptic strength, the growth and formation of new presynaptic varicosities, and the target-dependent regulation of mRNA distribution. In contrast, bath application of sensorin accelerated the increase in synaptic strength and enhanced the formation of new varicosities and target-dependent regulation of mRNA distribution in sensory neurons. As synapses stabilize, sensorin secretion declines but is required for the maintenance of synaptic efficacy, presynaptic varicosities, and mRNA distributions. These results suggest that a retrograde target signal regulates the secretion and actions of a presynaptic neuropeptide critical for the formation and maintenance of specific synapses.
Research into Action: Recommended Intervention Strategies for Grandparent Caregivers

The recent increase in the incidence of grandparents raising grandchildren has prompted research focusing on the grandparentgrandchild family structure. Using a role theory framework, this article contributes to the current literature by identifying the needs of grandparent caregivers and proposing interventions. A random survey of 6,307 Ohio households found that approximately 10% of households with children consisted of a grandparent providing the majority of care to a grandchild. Intervention strategies are proposed based on grandparent caregivers' documented needs. Implications are notedfor state jurisdictions within the context of welfare reform.
Handling Ontology Change: Survey and Proposal for a Future Research Direction

One of the crucial tasks towards the realization of the vision of the Semantic Web is the efficient encoding of human knowledge in ontologies. The proper maintenance of these, usually large, structures and, in particular, the adaptation of ontologies to new knowledge (ontology change) is one of the most challenging problems in the Semantic Web research. Due to the uncontrolled and decentralized nature of the Semantic Web, ontology change is a complicated and multifaceted task; this has led to the emergence of several different, but closely related, research areas that deal with the problem. In this report, we attempt to draw a clear line between these research areas, by underlying their relations, interactions and overlaps. Our work uncovers a certain gap in the current research and proposes a supplementary research direction, based on belief revision. We argue that our approach uncovers an interesting new dimension to the problem that is likely to find important applications in the future.
Combination Drug Therapy for Pain following Chronic Spinal Cord Injury

A number of mechanisms have been elucidated that maintain neuropathic pain due to spinal cord injury (SCI). While target-based therapeutics are being developed based on elucidation of these mechanisms, treatment for neuropathic SCI pain has not been entirely satisfactory due in part to the significant convergence of neurological and inflammatory processes that maintain the neuropathic pain state. Thus, a combination drug treatment strategy, wherein several pain-related mechanism are simultaneously engaged, could be more efficacious than treatment against individual mechanisms alone. Also, by engaging several targets at once, it may be possible to reduce the doses of the individual drugs, thereby minimizing the potential for adverse side effects. Positive preclinical and clinical studies have demonstrated improved efficacy of combination drug treatment over single drug treatment in neuropathic pain of peripheral origin, and perhaps such combinations could be utilized for neuropathic SCI pain. At the same time, there are mechanisms that distinguish SCI from peripheral neuropathic pain, so novel combination therapies will be needed.
Relativized Separations of Worst-Case and Average-Case Complexities for NP

Non-relativization of complexity issues can beinterpreted as showing that these issues cannot be resolvedby "black-box" techniques. We show that the assumptionDistNP is contained in AvgP does not imply that NP =RP byrelativizing techniques. More precisely, we give an oraclerelative to which the assumption holds but the conclusionfails. Moreover, relative to our oracle, there are problems inthe intersection of NP and CoNP that require exponential circuit complexity.We also give an alternate version where DistNP is contained in AvgPis true, but a problem in the second level of the polynomialhierarchy is hard on the uniform distribution.
The Agenda Setting in the Digital Age* How We Use Media to Monitor Civic Life and Reframe Community

World leaders and citizens alike use a mix of traditional (e.g. newspapers, magazines, radio, and television) and social (e.g. Twitter, and Facebook) media to redefine community in the digital age. Nations confront challenges from collectives that are asserting their voices into national and regional issues. This dynamic change is made possible by modern digital technologies that allow citizens to use a variety of media to find each other, gain social support, and articulate alternative agendas easier than at any time in history. This article, however, argues that traditional media still provide the main national agenda. But that agenda is supplemented, and in some cases even challenged, by alternative agendas persistently offered via social media. The Arab Spring is an example of how alternative agendas challenged the national agenda. This article presents the Agenda Community Attraction formula for measuring the traditional, social and personal agenda correlations. Given the changing dynamic between national and alternative agendas, social systems confront new challenges and opportunities – mainly the need to balance traditional national values with the need to allow a gradual social agenda to enrich individuals. This allows a national evolution that sensitizes and benefits national organizations. The result is gravitation toward a balance between the power of vertical, institutional society, represented by the Pyramid, and the ease and convenience of social media to convey information, such as mobile Papyrus paper allowed. This mixing of vertical power and horizontal challenge is creating a newer form of national organization, the emerging Digital Society. This new society requires more tolerance between leaders and citizens than at any time in history. Communication plays a major role, but not the only one, in this evolution, or revolution, as the case may be.