Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Three Heat Shock Protein Genes and Antioxidant Enzymes Protect Pardosa pseudoannulata (Araneae: Lycosidae) from High Temperature Stress

Pardosa pseudoannulata (P. pseudoannulata) is an essential natural predatory enemy in rice ecosystems. The fluctuating climate may cause them to experience heat stress, whereas heat shock proteins (HSPs) and antioxidant enzymes help resist heat damage. Herein, we cloned and characterized the full-length genes PpHSP27, PpHSP60, and PpHSC70 from P. pseudoannulata. Changes in gene expression levels and superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), and glutathione transferase (GST) activities in adult male and female P. pseudoannulata were measured at different stress exposure times and temperatures. We found that the abovementioned HSP genes belong to the sHSP, HSP60, and HSP70 families. The expression of the three HSP genes and the activities of SOD, CAT, and GST were significantly upregulated with the increasing stress temperature and time. The knockdown of the three HSP genes via RNA interference significantly decreased the survival rate of male and female P. pseudoannulata during high temperature stress. Thus, PpHSP27, PpHSP60, and PpHSC70 play an important role in the heat tolerance of P. pseudoannulata, and SOD, CAT, and GST enable recovery heat stress-induced oxidative damage. Their changes and regulation during high temperature stress can improve spiders’ adaptability in the field and enhance the biological control of environmental pests.
Concentration of Polyphenolic Antioxidants in Apple Juice and Extract Using Ultrafiltration

The aim of the present work was to study the potential of ultrafiltration with three polyacrylonitrile membranes (1, 10, and 25 kDa) to concentrate polyphenolic antioxidants in apple juice and extract. The permeate flux, total polyphenols, polyphenolic profile, phenolic acid content, and total antioxidant capacity were determined using the FRAP and DPPH tests, the content of water-soluble proteins during ultrafiltration was established, and the concentration factors and rejections were determined. The permeate flux decreased by increasing the volume reduction ratio and decreasing the molecular weight cut-off of the membranes. The concentration factor and rejection of polyphenolics increased with the increase in the volume reduction ratio (VRR) for all membranes and both liquids. The concentration and rejection effectiveness of the 1 kDa membrane was higher than those observed for 10 and 25 kDa during the ultrafiltration of the apple extract, while these values were comparable for 1 and 10 kDa during the ultrafiltration of the apple juice. The concentration factors and rejections of total polyphenols were higher in the extract than in the juice. Chlorogenic acid was the main compound in the polyphenol profile of apple juice. The total content of phenolic acids, determined by using HPLC, increased by 15–20% as a result of the membrane concentration, but the separation process did not significantly change the ratio between the individual compounds.
Whitney towers, gropes and Casson-Gordon style invariants of links

In this paper, we prove a conjecture of Friedl and Powell that their Casson‐Gordon type invariant of 2‐component links with linking number one is actually an obstruction to being height-3:5 Whitney tower/grope concordant to the Hopf link. The proof employs the notion of solvable cobordism of 3‐manifolds with boundary, which was introduced by Cha. We also prove that the Blanchfield form and the Alexander polynomial of links in S 3 give obstructions to height-3 Whitney tower/grope concordance. This generalizes the results of Hillman and Kawauchi. 57M25, 57M27; 57N70
TASI Lectures on Remnants from the String Landscape

Superstring theories are very promising theoretically, but the enormous landscape of string vacua and the (likely) very large underlying string scale imply that they may never be tested directly. Nevertheless, concrete constructions consistent with the observed world frequently lead to observable remnants, i.e., new particles or features that are apparently accidental consequences of the ultraviolet theory and that are typically not motivated by specific shortcomings of the standard models of particle physics or cosmology. For example, moduli, axions, large extended gauge sectors, additional $Z'$ gauge bosons, extended Higgs/Higgsino sectors, and quasi-chiral exotics are extremely common. They motivate alternative cosmological paradigms and could lead to observable signatures at the LHC. Similar features can emerge in other standard model extensions, but in the stringy case they are more likely to occur in isolation and not as part of a more complete TeV-scale structure. Conversely, some common aspects of the infinite ``landscape'' of field theories, such as large representations, are expected to be very rare in the string landscape, and observation of features definitively in the swampland could lead to falsification. In this article, common stringy remnants and their phenomenology are surveyed, and implications for indirectly supporting or casting doubt on string theory are discussed.
Effect of pheniramine maleate on rat skeletal muscle ischemia-reperfusion injury

ABSTRACT BACKGROUND: Skeletal muscle ischemia-reperfusion injury (IRI) is a common clinical problem encountered after tourniquet application or replantation. This study investigated the effect of pheniramine maleate (Ph), which is frequently used in clinical practice to reduce IRI, and compared its efficacy in IRI with N-acetylcysteine (NAC), a molecule that has been shown to be effective in IRI. METHODS: Twenty-eight male Sprague–Dawley rats were randomly divided into four groups (sham, ischemia-reperfusion [IR], IR+Ph, IR+NAC; n=7 rats per group). Ischemia was induced in the lower right extremities of rats for 3 h using a femoral artery clamp and an elastic tourniquet. Ph and NAC were administered intraperitoneally 15 min before ischemia was terminated. At 24 h after reperfusion, levels of thiobarbituric acid reactive substance (TBARS), catalase (CAT), myeloperoxidase (MPO), superoxide dismutase (SOD), polyadenosine diphosphate ribose polymerase (PARP), and neutrophil infiltration were evaluated. Inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) density in muscle tissue was evaluated by immunohistochemical methods after 1 week. RESULTS: SOD, MPO, PARP, CAT, and TBARS levels in muscle tissue were significantly lower in the sham group compared with the other groups (p<0.001). All parameters except TBARS were lower in the NAC and Ph groups than in the IR group (p<0.001). Neutrophil infiltration in the muscle tissue samples from the IR group was significantly increased compared with the NAC and Ph groups (p<0.05). iNOS staining was not observed in the sham and NAC groups. CONCLUSION: Ph is effective at reducing experimental rat skeletal muscle IRI.
Allelopathic Effects of Foliar Epichloë Endophytes on Belowground Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi: A Meta-Analysis

Many grasses are simultaneously symbiotic with Epichloë fungal endophytes and arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF). Epichloë endophytes are a group of filamentous fungi that colonize and grow within aerial plant tissues, such as leaves and stems. Infection and hyphal growth of Epichloë endophytes confer fitness advantages to the host plants. In addition to producing fungal alkaloids and altering host metabolic/genetic profiles, it is proven that symbiosis of plants with root/foliar endophytes affects the plant–soil relationship. We propose that the Epichloë presence/infection results in variations of soil and root AMF through allelopathic effects. We performed a meta-analysis that integrated the allelopathic effects of Epichloë endophytes on grass–AMF development. In the pre-symbiotic phase of grass–AMF symbiosis, root exudation from Epichloë-infected plants positively affected AMF growth, whereas the shoot exudates of Epichloë-infected plants inhibited AMF growth. In the symbiotic phase of grass–AMF symbiosis, the Epichloë infection was found to reduce root mycorrhizal colonization in plants. No pattern in the response of soil AMF to Epichloë presence was found. This study should improve our understanding of the impact of Epichloë endophytes on belowground microbial symbionts within the same host plant. Grass–Epichloë–AMF symbiosis may become an important model for studying above–belowground interactions.
Symmetry enriched U(1) quantum spin liquids

We classify and characterize three dimensional $U(1)$ quantum spin liquids (deconfined $U(1)$ gauge theories) with global symmetries. These spin liquids have an emergent gapless photon and emergent electric/magnetic excitations (which we assume are gapped). We first discuss in great detail the case with time reversal and $SO(3)$ spin rotational symmetries. We find there are 15 distinct such quantum spin liquids based on the properties of bulk excitations. We show how to interpret them as gauged symmetry-protected topological states (SPTs). Some of these states possess fractional response to an external $SO(3)$ gauge field, due to which we dub them "fractional topological paramagnets". We identify 11 other anomalous states that can be grouped into 3 anomaly classes. The classification is further refined by weakly coupling these quantum spin liquids to bosonic Symmetry Protected Topological (SPT) phases with the same symmetry. This refinement does not modify the bulk excitation structure but modifies universal surface properties. Taking this refinement into account, we find there are 168 distinct such $U(1)$ quantum spin liquids. After this warm-up we provide a general framework to classify symmetry enriched $U(1)$ quantum spin liquids for a large class of symmetries. As a more complex example, we discuss $U(1)$ quantum spin liquids with time reversal and $Z_2$ symmetries in detail. Based on the properties of the bulk excitations, we find there are 38 distinct such spin liquids that are anomaly-free. There are also 37 anomalous $U(1)$ quantum spin liquids with this symmetry. Finally, we briefly discuss the classification of $U(1)$ quantum spin liquids enriched by some other symmetries.
Numerical modelling of tracer transport in unsaturated porous media

Many types of chemical substances have been used as tracers to estimate the migration of contaminant in a porous media. Inorganic ionic compounds have been applied extensively as hydrogeologic tracers. Sodium chloride is generally used as a tracer since this common salt does not degrade or get removed from the system. Movement of tracer could be described as migration of a non-reactive constituent. A tracer transport numerical model was developed according to the advectivedispersive contaminant transport equation in unsaturated porous media. The governing equation was solved numerically and coded in MATLAB program. The objectives of this study were to develop a model for estimating the non-reactive constituent transport in the unsaturated porous media and to determine the impact of ionic strength of tracer and the effect of the thickness of porous media. The experiments were conducted with two different sodium chloride tracer concentrations (low strength-200 mg/L and high strength-500 mg/L) and for two different soil depths (5 and 20 cm). The observation and simulation data indicate that the interference from soil background concentration is significant, provided that the high strength tracer is applied. As expected, the tracer transport in the thick layer took longer elapse time than in the thin layer. The simulation results using the developed model corresponded very well with the observed data.
The influence of corporate governance factors on ESG rating of industrial and IT companies

The article examines the impact of сorporate governance factors on the еnvironmental, social, and governance rating in companies from industrial and IT sectors. The aim of this study is to identify and measure the impact of corporate governance factors on ESG rating in industrial and IT sectors. The research also includes a country-specific analysis: for European, Asian and American companies. The dependent variable is ESG rating — an indicator of the company’s compliance with environmental, social and governance standards. The paper considers observations of 80 companies since 2005 to 2020. The results of this study showed that the most significant practices in European companies are the presence of a policy of independence of the board of directors and an increase in the percentage of non-executive members. For Asian companies, corporate governance factors such as the presence of a policy of independence of the board of directors, an increase in the percentage of non-executive directors effect positively. For American companies, the following practices positively influence the ESG rating — the existence of a policy of independence of the board of directors and the corporate social responsibility committee and an increase in the percentage of women on the board of directors. In terms of sectors, the results showed that information technology companies are positively affected by an increase in the percentage of non-executive members, the presence of a corporate social responsibility committee, and an increase in average age. Also, if the chairperson is a woman the chances of getting a higher ESG rating increase. In industrial sector companies, the presence of a corporate social responsibility committee and a policy of independence of the board of directors, as well as the fact that the chairman was a CEO, are positively affected. These results can be used by companies to develop a plan to improve corporate performance.
Epidemiological Patterns of Cannabis- and Substance- Related Congenital Uronephrological Anomalies in Europe: Geospatiotemporal and Causal Inferential Study

Introduction. Recent reports linking prenatal and community cannabis exposure to elevated uronephrological congenital anomaly (UCA) rates (UCAR’s) raise the question of its European epidemiology given recent increases in community cannabinoid penetration there. Methods. UCAR data from Eurocat. Drug use data from European Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drug Addiction. Income from World bank. Results. UCAR increased across Spain, Netherlands, Poland and France. UCAR’s and cannabis resin THC increased simultaneously in France, Spain, Netherlands and Bulgaria. At bivariate analysis all UCA’s were related to cannabis herb and resin THC concentrations. All UCAR’s were bivariately related to cannabis metrics ordered by median minimum E-value (mEV) as hypospadias > multicystic renal disease > bilateral renal agenesis > UCA’s > hydronephrosis > posterior urethral valve > bladder exstrophy/epispadias. At inverse probability weighted multivariable analysis terms including cannabis were significant for the following series of anomalies: UCA’s, multicystic renal disease, bilateral renal agenesis, hydronephrosis, congenital posterior urethral valves from P = 1.91 × 10−5, 2.61 × 10−8, 4.60 × 10−15, 4.60 × 10−15 and 2.66 × 10−10. At geospatial analysis the same series of UCA’s were significantly related to cannabis from P = 7.84 × 10−15, 7.72 × 10−5, 0.0023, 6.95 × 10−5, and 8.82 × 10−5. 45/51 (88.2%) of E-value estimates and 31/51 (60.8%) of mEV’s >9. Conclusion. Analysis confirms a close relationship between cannabis metrics and all seven UCA’s and fulfill formal criteria for quantitative causal inference. Given the exponential cannabinoid genotoxicity dose–response relationship results provide a powerful stimulus to constrain community cannabinoid exposure including protection of the food chain to preserve the genome and epigenome of coming generations.
Characterisation and Mechanical Modelling of Polyacrylonitrile-Based Nanocomposite Membranes Reinforced with Silica Nanoparticles

In this study, neat polyacrylonitrile (PAN) and fumed silica (FS)-doped PAN membranes (0.1, 0.5 and 1 wt% doped PAN/FS) are prepared using the phase inversion method and are characterised extensively. According to the Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy analysis, the addition of FS to the neat PAN membrane and the added amount changed the stresses in the membrane structure. The Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) results show that the addition of FS increased the porosity of the membrane. The water content of all fabricated membranes varied between 50% and 88.8%, their porosity ranged between 62.1% and 90%, and the average pore size ranged between 20.1 and 21.8 nm. While the neat PAN membrane’s pure water flux is 299.8 L/m2 h, it increased by 26% with the addition of 0.5 wt% FS. Furthermore, thermal gravimetric analysis (TGA) and differential thermal analysis (DTA) techniques are used to investigate the membranes’ thermal properties. Finally, the mechanical characterisation of manufactured membranes is performed experimentally with tensile testing under dry and wet conditions. To be able to provide further explanation to the explored mechanics of the membranes, numerical methods, namely the finite element method and Mori–Tanaka mean-field homogenisation are performed. The mechanical characterisation results show that FS reinforcement increases the membrane rigidity and wet membranes exhibit more compliant behaviour compared to dry membranes.
The Russian-Ukraine Conflict, Crude Oil Price Fluctuation, and Dynamic Changes in China’s and American Manufacturing

This study examines how responsive the manufacturing indices of China and the United States are to changes in the price of WTI crude oil over the three months prior to and following the Russian-Ukrainian Conflict, paying particular attention to changes in the manufacturing index brought on by volatile oil prices. To assess the static and dynamic effects of changes in crude oil prices on the manufacturing indices in China and the US, this study uses a time series model. The use of a VAR(p) model to clearly correlate WTI crude oil price volatility with the Russian-Ukrainian Conflict is the distinguishing feature. The empirical results demonstrate a strong correlation between the size of China's and the US manufacturing index's oscillations in response to geopolitical shocks. Both countries' manufacturing indices are highly susceptible to changes in WTI crude oil prices.
Luminosity Functions of Lyα Emitters at Redshifts z = 6.5 and z = 5.7: Evidence against Reionization at z ≤ 6.5

The visibility of Lyα emission from galaxies should be suppressed substantially by a neutral intergalactic medium before reionization. Even after taking into account a local H II region produced by the galaxy and a velocity offset of Lyα, a factor of 3 attenuation in the line is unavoidable. We rule out such a suppression by comparing line luminosity functions of Lyα emitters at z = 6.5 and 5.7. The luminosity functions at z = 5.7 and z = 6.5 were constructed using published surveys over a range of depths and volumes. They constrain both characteristic luminosity L* and density ϕ*. The luminosity functions at the two redshifts are statistically consistent with one another, and only one survey lies substantially off the luminosity function. We conclude that reionization was largely complete at z ≈ 6.5.
A Survey of Citizen Science Gaming Experiences

Citizen science games (CSGs) are a valuable means for motivating citizen science participation. However, many CSGs still suffer from the recruitment and retention issues of traditional citizen science projects, despite much prior literature on what motivates CSG players. In this study, we take a Human-Computer Interaction (HCI) perspective to explore in what ways CSGs are still failing to provide motivating play experiences for players. Using Qualitative Content Analysis, we conducted and analyzed an online survey of 185 players from 9 citizen science games. This survey contributes insights to the current state of CSG experiences and next steps for developers to address these issues. We found that major concerns included scientific communication, instructional design, user interface and controls, task quality, and software issues.
And Don't Forget The Black Holes

The discovery of the highly relativistic neutron star (NS) binary (in which both NS's are pulsars) not only increases the estimated merging rate for the two NS's by a large factor, but also adds the missing link in the double helium star model of binary NS evolution. This model gives $\sim 20$ times more gravitational merging of low-mass black-hole (LMBH), NS binaries than binary NS's, whatever the rate for the latter is.
Measuring Regional Innovation Efficiency in China using a Dynamic Network DEA Model

With the explosive growth in R&D investments and patent applications in recent decades, has China truly achieved improved innovation quality? To answer this question, it is necessary to correctly estimate China’s innovation efficiency. However, when measuring innovation efficiency, the dynamic and network features of the innovation process are seldom considered simultaneously. Therefore, this paper employs the method of dynamic network data envelopment analysis to estimate the overall, period, and sub-stage innovation efficiency of China’s 30 provinces between 2012 and 2016. We conclude that: (1) There is a regional imbalance in the overall scores, for example, developed provinces are more efficient than less developed areas. (2) The period and sub-stage values are not high in each period and represent a gap among the various provinces. (3) For most provinces, scores in the R&D stage are higher than those in the commercialization phase, indicating an uneven distribution of the innovation structure. Accordingly, policymakers should focus on innovation efficiency indicators, encourage innovation according to local conditions, and facilitate the long-run enhancement of both R&D and commercialization.
Secret Sharing Schemes Based on Computer Algebra

Solid tin (IV) compounds, free from carbon-tin bonds, and containing both chlorine and fluorine are used to apply infra red reflecting fluorine containing tin oxide coatings to glass. Examples of the tin compounds that may be used are ammonium hexahalostannates of the formula (NH4)2SnHal6 wherein Hal represents halogen, and a minor atomic proportion of the halogen present is fluorine and the balance is chlorine. The tin compounds are dispersed in finely divided form in a carrier gas, and the suspension of the tin compound in the carrier gas is directed on to a hot glass surface to be coated.