Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Revisiting the Paris Declaration Agenda – an inclusive, realistic orientation for aid effectiveness

The progress in endeavours to achieve the commitments of the Paris Declaration on Aid Effectiveness has been slow. This paper explains the challenges faced by the aid effectiveness agenda and discusses why and how it needs to be revisited. In order to elucidate the differences in donors' approaches to aid effectiveness, a comparison is made between the UK and Japan, which leads to two suggestions. The main messages are that it is important to be inclusive of different donors, and to link the policy dialogue with reality on the ground. Remanier l'ordre de jour de la Déclaration de Paris – une orientation inclusive et réaliste pour l'efficacité de l'aide Le progrès des initiatives visant à atteindre les engagements de la Déclaration de Paris sur l'efficacité de l'aide a été lent. Ce document explique les défis auxquels se heurte l'ordre du jour de l'efficacité de l'aide et traite des raisons et des manières de le remanier. Afin de clarifier les différences d'approche de la part des bailleurs de fonds en matière d'efficacité de l'aide, une comparaison est faite entre le Royaume-Uni et le Japon qui aboutit à deux suggestions. Les principaux messages sont qu'il est important d'inclure différents bailleurs de fonds et de relier le dialogue au niveau des politiques générales avec la réalité sur le terrain. Reexaminando a Agenda da Declaração de Paris – uma Orientação Inclusiva e Realista para a Efetividade da Ajuda O avanço dos esforços para se chegar nos compromissos da Declaração de Paris sobre a Efetividade da Ajuda tem sido lento. Este artigo explica os desafios enfrentados pela agenda da efetividade da ajuda e discute por que e como isto precisa ser reexaminado. Para elucidar as diferenças nas abordagens dos doadores em relação é efetividade da ajuda, uma comparação é feita entre o Reino Unido e Japão, que leva a duas sugestões. As principais mensagens são que é importante ser inclusivo para atrair diferentes doadores e fazer a ligação entre o di´logo da polÚtica e a realidade na base. Analizando de nuevo la Agenda de la Declaración de París – Una orientación incluyente y realista para la eficacia de la ayuda Los avances en el cumplimiento de los compromisos asumidos en la Declaración de París sobre la Eficacia de la Ayuda han sido lentos. Este ensayo expone los retos que surgen de los compromisos relacionados con la eficacia de la ayuda y porqué y cómo deben replantearse. A fin de aclarar las diferencias que existen entre los donantes sobre la eficacia de la ayuda, el ensayo compara los casos de Reino Unido y Japón dando pie a dos sugerencias. Éstas tienen que ver con la importancia de incluir a distintos donantes y de vincular los diálogos sobre políticas con la realidad existente.
"European Standards" in Vocational Education and Training (VET): What Are They and Who Wants Them?.

Cet article a pour but d'analyser la complexite des problemes entourant la notion de standards europeens en formation et enseignement professionnel. L'auteur s'appuie sur deux etudes de cas, en Pologne et en Roumanie pour illustrer les reponses a ses interrogations.
Brucella and Osteoarticular Cell Activation: Partners in Crime

Osteoarticular brucellosis is the most common presentation of human active disease although its prevalence varies widely. The three most common forms of osteoarticular involvement are sacroiliitis, spondylitis, and peripheral arthritis. The molecular mechanisms implicated in bone damage have been recently elucidated. B. abortus induces bone damage through diverse mechanisms in which TNF-α and the receptor activator of nuclear factor kappa-B ligand (RANKL)-the natural modulator of bone homeostasis are involved. These processes are driven by inflammatory cells, like monocytes/macrophages, neutrophils, Th17 CD4+ T, and B cells. In addition, Brucella abortus has a direct effect on osteoarticular cells and tilts homeostatic bone remodeling. These bacteria inhibit bone matrix deposition by osteoblasts (the only bone cells involved in bone deposition), and modify the phenotype of these cells to produce matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) and cytokine secretion, contributing to bone matrix degradation. B. abortus also affects osteoclasts (cells naturally involved in bone resorption) by inducing an increase in osteoclastogenesis and osteoclast activation; thus, increasing mineral and organic bone matrix resorption, contributing to bone damage. Given that the pathology induced by Brucella species involved joint tissue, experiments conducted on synoviocytes revealed that besides inducing the activation of these cells to secrete chemokines, proinflammatory cytokines and MMPS, the infection also inhibits synoviocyte apoptosis. Brucella is an intracellular bacterium that replicates preferentially in the endoplasmic reticulum of macrophages. The analysis of B. abortus-infected synoviocytes indicated that bacteria also replicate in their reticulum suggesting that they could use this cell type for intracellular replication during the osteoarticular localization of the disease. Finally, the molecular mechanisms of osteoarticular brucellosis discovered recently shed light on how the interaction between B. abortus and immune and osteoarticular cells may play an important role in producing damage in joint and bone.
Coordinate Frame for Pattern Recognition in Unilateral Spatial Neglect

The present research examines the effect of spatial (object-centered) attentional constraints on pattern recognition. Four normal subjects and two right-hemisphere-damaged patients with left visual neglect participated in the study. Small, letterlike, prelearned patterns served as stimuli. Short exposure time prevented overt scanpaths during stimulus presentation. Attention was attracted to a central (midsagittal) hation point by precuing this location prior to each stimulus presentation. Minute (up to 1.5 of visual angle) rightward and leftward stimulus shifts caused attention to be allocated each time to a different location on the object space, while remaining in a fixed central position in viewercentered coordinates. The task was to decide which of several prelearned patterns was presented in each trial. In the normal subjects, best performance was achieved when the luminance centroid (LC; derived from the analysis of low-spatial frequencies in the object space) of each pattern coincided with the spatial position of the precue. In contrast, the patients with neglect showed optimal recognition performance when precuing attracted attention to locations within the object space, to the left of the LC. The normal performance suggests that the LC may serve as a center of gravity for attention allocation during pattern recognition. This point seems to be the target location where focal attention is normally directed, following a primary global analysis based on the low spatial frequencies. Thus, the LC of a simple pattern may serve as the origin point for an object-centered-coordiate-frame (OCCF), dividing it into right and left. This, in turn, serves to create a prototype description of the pattern, in its own coordinates, in memory, to be addressed during subsequent recognition tasks. The best match of the percept with the stored description may explain the observed advantage of allocating attention to the LC. The performance of the brain- damaged patients can be explained in terms of neglect operating in the OCCE
Revisiting Accelerator-Based CMPs : Challenges and Solutions

Heterogeneous Chip MultiProcessors (CMP)s, which combine processor cores with specialized HW accelerators, are one main approach to high-performance low-power computing. While it is promising for few accelerators, the scalability is a major challenge with increasing number of accelerators. Resources including memory, communication fabric and processor turn into bottlenecks and result in accelerator under-utilization and cripple the performance. This paper analyzes the scalability of heterogeneous CMPs with many accelerators and identifies bottlenecks and their impacts on system performance. It introduces an analytical method for scalability/bottleneck analysis that is backed up by a simulation-based performance analysis (using automatically generated virtual platforms). This paper proposes a novel architecture template: Transparent Self-Synchronizing (TSS) accelerators for efficient/scalable realization of streaming applications. TSS achieves the efficiency / scalability through configurable point-to-point connections and self synchronization between HW accelerators and efficient management of accelerator’s memory. This article demonstrates the TSS benefits using both analytical and simulation methods. TSS significantly reduces the pressure on the communication fabric, processor load, and memory requirements to improve scalability. Even with increasing number of accelerators, TSS can achieve more than 85% accelerator utilization. In contrast, in ACC-based CMPs the accelerator utilization drops fast; less than 40% with six accelerators or even worse with more accelerators. The scalability benefits of TSS are more pronounced as the number of hardware accelerators increases.
A Shared-Aperture Dual-Band Dual-Polarized Filtering-Antenna-Array With Improved Frequency Response

In this paper, a novel dual-band dual-polarized array antenna with low frequency ratio and integrated filtering characteristics is proposed. By employing a dual-mode stub-loaded resonator (SLR) to feed and tune with two patches, the two feed networks for each polarization can be combined, resulting in the reduction of the feed networks and the input ports. In addition, owing to the native dual resonant features of the SLR, the proposed antenna exhibits second-order filtering characteristics with improved bandwidth and out-of-band rejections. The antenna is synthesized and the design methodology is explained. The coupling coefficients between the SLR and the patches are investigated. To verify the design concept, a C-/X-band element and a $2 \times 2$ array are optimized and prototyped. Measured results agree well with the simulations, showing good performance in terms of bandwidth, filtering, harmonic suppression, and radiation at both bands. Such an integrated array design can be used to simplify the feed of a reflector antenna. To prove the concept, a paraboloid reflector fed by the proposed array is conceived and measured directivities of 24.6 dBi (24.7 dBi) and 28.6 dBi (29.2 dBi) for the X-polarization (Y-polarization) are obtained for the low- and high-band operations, respectively.
Dismissing and preoccupied insecure attachment and procedures in CAT: Some implications for CAT practice

Following a review of the current relationship between the theory of cognitive analytic therapy (CAT) and attachment theory, this paper describes how attachment concepts can be applied in routine CAT practice with neurotic and mild personality disordered presentations. In particular, insecure dismissing and insecure preoccupied patients are likely to manifest different maladaptive procedures, express anger in distinct ways, and use different narrative styles to express their distress. Their varying abilities to collaborate with the therapist are reviewed and implications for therapy are described. Some consideration is also given to how the therapist can provide a ‘secure base’ for the patient within a time-limited therapy such as CAT. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Endometrial Stem Cells and Reproduction

Abnormal endometrial function remains a significant cause of implantation failure, recurrent pregnancy loss, and other pathologies responsible for female infertility. The development of novel therapies to treat infertility due to endometrial dysfunction requires an understanding of the latest advancements in endometrial cell biology, such as the role of endometrial stem cells. The remarkable regenerative capacity of the human endometrium is absolutely essential for successful reproduction and likely requires a population of stem cells in the endometrium. The purpose of this review is to provide an introduction to some of the newest concepts in endometrial stem cell biology.
RNA‐binding motif protein 24 regulates myogenin expression and promotes myogenic differentiation

The formation of muscle fibers involves sequential expression of many proteins that regulate key steps during myoblast‐to‐myotube transition. Myogenin is a major player in the initiation and maintenance of myogenic differentiation in a mouse myoblast cell line, C2C12. RNA‐binding proteins bind to specific target RNA sequences and regulate gene expression in a post‐transcriptional manner. This study demonstrates that RNA‐binding motif protein 24 (Rbm24) interacts with the 3′‐untranslated region of myogenin mRNA and affects its half‐life in C2C12 myogenesis. Knockdown of Rbm24 expression by RNA interference significantly decreased myogenin expression associated with the inhibition of myogenesis. In contrast, the overexpression of Rbm24 by stable transfection of a plasmid increased myogenin expression and had a positive effect on myogenic differentiation. Ectopic expression of myogenin was also able to restore myogenic differentiation in Rbm24‐knockdown cells. Together, our results suggest that Rbm24 binds to myogenin mRNA and regulates its stability in C2C12 cells. Rbm24 plays a crucial role in myogenic differentiation at least in part through a myogenin‐dependent post‐transcriptional regulatory pathway.
Methodological issues for determining intervals of subsequent cancer screening

The gap between nationwide recommendations of cancer screening and the related evidences obtained from Korean adults should be filled. Estimation of the mean sojourn time (MST) in a specific cancer is important to determine the intervals of subsequent screening. This author arranged the methods for calculating MST into 5 categories based on the parameters used. Under the legal barrier for protection of individual privacy and confidentiality in a Korean academic situation, the methods involving the use of transition rates or prevalence/incidence ratio would be applicable among these methods.
First trimester transvaginal sonographic diagnosis of Dandy‐Walker malformation

The use of high frequency transvaginal sonography in the investigation of normal fetal development during the first trimester has gained wide acceptance. However, little information exists on the feasibility of this promising technique in the detection of congenital malformations during the early stages of gestation. The purpose of this communication is to describe the first trimester diagnosis of intracranial abnormalities consistent with the diagnosis of Dandy-Walker mal-formation by the use of high frequency transvaginal sonography. This early identification may shed some light on the pathogenesis of this mal-formation
The prophenoloxidase‐activating system in invertebrates

Summary: A major innate defense system in invertebrates is the melanization of pathogens and damaged tissues. This important process is controlled by the enzyme phenoloxidase (PO) that in turn is regulated in a highly elaborate manner for avoiding unnecessary production of highly toxic and reactive compounds. Recent progress, especially in arthropods, in the elucidation of mechanisms controlling the activation of zymogenic proPO into active PO by a cascade of serine proteinases and other factors is reviewed. The proPO‐activating system (proPO system) is triggered by the presence of minute amounts of compounds of microbial origins, such as β‐1,3‐glucans, lipopolysaccharides, and peptidoglycans, which ensures that the system will become active in the presence of potential pathogens. The presence of specific proteinase inhibitors prevents superfluous activation. Concomitant with proPO activation, many other immune reactions will be produced, such as the generation of factors with anti‐microbial, cytotoxic, opsonic, or encapsulation‐promoting activities.
Treatment of Ankyloglossia for Reasons Other Than Breastfeeding: A Systematic Review

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: Children with ankyloglossia, an abnormally short, thickened, or tight lingual frenulum, may have restricted tongue mobility and sequelae, such as speech and feeding difficulties and social concerns. We systematically reviewed literature on feeding, speech, and social outcomes of treatments for infants and children with ankyloglossia. METHODS: Medline, PsycINFO, Cumulative Index of Nursing and Allied Health Literature, and Embase were searched. Two reviewers independently assessed studies against predetermined inclusion/exclusion criteria. Two investigators independently extracted data on study populations, interventions, and outcomes and assessed study quality. RESULTS: Two randomized controlled trials, 2 cohort studies, and 11 case series assessed the effects of frenotomy on feeding, speech, and social outcomes. Bottle feeding and social concerns, such as ability to use the tongue to eat ice cream and clean the mouth, improved more in treatment groups in comparative studies. Supplementary bottle feedings decreased over time in case series. Two cohort studies reported improvement in articulation and intelligibility with treatment. Other benefits were unclear. One randomized controlled trial reported improved articulation after Z-frenuloplasty compared with horizontal-to-vertical frenuloplasty. Numerous noncomparative studies reported speech benefits posttreatment; however, studies primarily discussed modalities, with outcomes including safety or feasibility, rather than speech. We included English-language studies, and few studies addressed longer-term speech, social, or feeding outcomes; nonsurgical approaches, such as complementary and alternative medicine; and outcomes beyond infancy, when speech or social concerns may arise. CONCLUSIONS: Data are currently insufficient for assessing the effects of frenotomy on nonbreastfeeding outcomes that may be associated with ankyloglossia.
Donor CTLA-4 +49 A/G*GG genotype is associated with chronic GVHD after HLA-identical haematopoietic stem-cell transplantations.

To the editor: The CTLA-4 gene encodes a molecule providing a negative signal for T-cell activation. CTLA-4 +49A/G and CT60 polymorphisms have been associated with auto-immune diseases (AID). [1][1],[2][2] A recent study suggested that donor genotype AA of CT60 was associated with better survival,
An automated technique for basemap updating using UAV data

The increased reliance on geospatial data for decision-making in urban planning makes it imperative that the available spatial information is up-to-date and faithfully represents reality. This calls for map updating methods which support the integration of data from different sources in an automated manner. In this paper, we utilize existing basemap information to provide the initial data labels, thus reducing the lengthy process of label acquisition. However, we take into account that a portion of these labels are likely to be incorrect due to changes such as new constructions. We then cast the updating problem as a supervised classification with noisy training labels. Through an iterative approach, training samples which rank low on two criteria (label consistency and contextual consistency) are considered to be unreliable and removed from the training set. This technique is demonstrated in the specific context in which data obtained from an Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV) is used to update building outlines in an informal settlement in Kigali, Rwanda. The proposed approach is able to accurately classify 95.34% of the UAV imagery even though the original labels are based on data obtained from outdated aerial imagery of a lower spatial resolution, causing 14.3% of the segments to have an incorrect training label. In this paper, we describe the proposed method, demonstrate the importance of both the contextual consistency and label consistency for filtering the training samples, discuss the robustness of the method to noise levels, and discuss the implications of this approach for other applications.
Estrogen-Related Receptor α in Human Breast Carcinoma as a Potent Prognostic Factor

Estrogen-related receptor α (ERRα) was identified as a gene related to estrogen receptor α (ERα) and belongs to a class of nuclear orphan receptors. ERRα binds to estrogen responsive element(s) (ERE) and is considered to be involved in modulation of estrogenic actions. However, biological significance of ERRα remains largely unknown. Therefore, we examined the expression of ERRα in human breast carcinoma tissues using immunohistochemistry (n = 102) and real-time reverse transcription-PCR (n = 30). ERRα immunoreactivity was detected in the nuclei of carcinoma cells in 55% of breast cancers examined, and relative immunoreactivity of ERRα was significantly (P = 0.0041) associated with the mRNA level. Significant associations were detected between ERα and ERE-containing estrogen-responsive genes, such as pS2 (P < 0.0001) and EBAG9/RCAS1 (P = 0.0214), in breast carcinoma tissues. However, no significant association was detected between ERα and pS2 (P = 0.1415) in the ERRα-positive cases (n = 56) or between ERα and EBAG9/RCAS1 (P = 0.8271) in the ERRα-negative group (n = 46). ERRα immunoreactivity was significantly associated with an increased risk of recurrence and adverse clinical outcome by both uni- (P = 0.0097 and P = 0.0053, respectively) and multi- (P = 0.0215 and P = 0.0118, respectively) variate analyses. A similar tendency was also detected in the group of breast cancer patients who received tamoxifen therapy after surgery. Results from our study suggest that ERRα possibly modulates the expression of ERE-containing estrogen-responsive genes, and ERRα immunoreactivity is a potent prognostic factor in human breast carcinoma.
Physical activity, trauma, and ALS: a case‐control study

Aims – The association of trauma and physical activity with ALS is controversial. We explored the relation in a pilot case‐control study. Material and methods – ALS patients were selected from a university muscle disease clinic and paired with two matched controls: one from the clinic, but having different diseases, and one from the community. Results – We found several strong and statistically significant differences between ALS cases and the matched controls. These included severe head, neck, and back injury (OR = 5.3), the frequency of sweating in work (OR = 1.6) or leisure activity (also OR = 1.6), and earning a school letter (OR = 3.1). Other measures of trauma and activity, while not achieving statistical significance (p<0.05), were in accord with these findings. Discussion – Possible explanations include trauma and vigorous exercise precipitating ALS; trauma as an early sign of disease; or a third factor associated with ALS predisposing to injury. Conclusions – Severe head, neck, and back injury and frequency of sweating both in work and leisure activity showed a strong association with ALS. Further study could test narrower and less common exposures with greater statistical power.
Mobile Cultures? Hybridity, Tourism and Cultural Change

This paper addresses the problem of cultural change in relation to tourism. It will be argued that tourism research has tended to be theorised in terms of static models predicated on the assumptions of unilinear development, and cultural change being accounted for by a shift from one defined state into another. Beginning with a critique of the 'container model' of culture, this paper then draws on recent anthropological and sociological developments concerned with globalisation to critically examine the utility of the concept of hybridity. In conclusion, this paper will argue that what is required is a transformative and processual approach that is capable of accounting for the dynamic interplay of cultural change at both a micro and macro level.