Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Developing Local Economic Strategies

This short book is a collection of four papers which, as the editor says in his (very brief) introduction, start to reconsider issues raised by local economic development strategy, especially the GLC experience . Two of the papers (Massey on equal opportunities in GLEB, Mackintosh on transport planning in London) reflect the authors' experiences within GLEB and the GLC, while the other two (Clarke and Cochrane himself on Enterprise Boards, Jefferis and Robinson on social investment in production) are by academics closely linked to `practice . All four of the papers are interesting and perceptive and are to be recommended to anyone working in the local economy
New Strategies in Diffuse Large B-cell Lymphoma: Translating Findings from Gene Expression Analyses into Clinical Practice

Gene expression profiling has had a major impact on our understanding of the biology and heterogeneity of diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL). Using this technology, investigators can identify biologic subgroups of DLBCL that provide unique targets for rational therapeutic intervention. This review summarizes these potential targets and updates the progress of clinical development of exciting novel agents for the treatment of DLBCL. Results of ongoing studies suggest that in the near future, we will be able to use gene expression profiling, or an accurate surrogate, to define the best therapeutic approach for individual patients with DLBCL. Clin Cancer Res; 17(19); 6112–7. ©2011 AACR.
Language Policy and Globalization

Covering a wide range of distinct political, economic, and cultural trends, the term ‘ globalization ’ has quickly become one of the most fashionable buzzwords of contemporary political and academic debate. In popular discourse, globalization often functions as little more than a synonym for one or more of the following phenomena: the pursuit of classical liberal (or ‘ free market ’ ) policies in the world economy ( ‘ economic liberalization ’ ), the growing dominance of western (or even American) forms of political, economic, and cultural life ( ‘ westernization ’ or ‘ Americanization ’ ), the proliferation of new information technologies (the ‘ Internet Revolution ’ ), as well as the notion that humanity stands at the threshold of realizing one single unifi ed community in which major sources of social confl ict have vanished ( ‘ global integration ’ ).
Implications of the Form of the Ensemble Transformation in the Ensemble Square Root Filters

Abstract This paper considers implications of different forms of the ensemble transformation in the ensemble square root filters (ESRFs) for the performance of ESRF-based data assimilation systems. It highlights the importance of using mean-preserving solutions for the ensemble transform matrix (ETM). The paper shows that an arbitrary mean-preserving ETM can be represented as a product of the symmetric solution and an orthonormal mean-preserving matrix. The paper also introduces a new flavor of ESRF, referred to as ESRF with mean-preserving random rotations. To investigate the performance of different solutions for the ETM in ESRFs, experiments with two small models are conducted. In these experiments, the performances of two mean-preserving solutions, two non-mean-preserving solutions, and a traditional ensemble Kalman filter with perturbed observations are compared. The experiments show a significantly better performance of the mean-preserving solutions for the ETM in ESRFs compared to non-mean-preservi.
Distributed Dynamic Rate Adaptation on a Network on Chip with Traffic Distortion

A NoC-based system subject to real-time constraints requires hard bounds on end-to-end data transfer latencies. Regulating the channel injection rates solves the problem by suppressing link congestion and router queue saturation, provided that the channel rates guarantee fairness in the data distribution. We propose a distributed algorithm for the computation of a channel rate vector solution, suitable for runtime execution on the system. The algorithm takes into account the capacity constraints on every link, but also fulfills the distortion constraints. It leads to a near-optimal solution in a few iterations, with less than 10% of vector distance from the optimal solution. The algorithm is valid for software implementation on manycore systems and applicable to any Network-On-Chip based system. Our hardware implementation is distributed into the network infrastructure and converges in around 500 clock cycles on a 4x4 network configuration.
The Flypaper and Asymmetric Effects of Intergovernmental Grants to Quebec Municipalities

This study uses a panel fixed effect model to analyze the impact of intergovernmental grants on municipal spending in Quebec. The data from the 1,084 municipalities covering the period 2001–2007 are used for this purpose. The study shows that grants have flypaper and asymmetric effects and that the extent of these effects is sensitive to the type of grants and municipal expenditures. Furthermore, it suggests that conditional grants seem to be a more effective tool for changing the composition of the supply of municipal services whereas unconditional grants are more suitable to stimulate the level of provision of these services.
How Serious is the Impact of Type II Diabetes in Rural Kenya

Over 50% of all adult hospital admissions and 55% of hospital deaths in Kenya are non-communicable, of which diabetes is among the leading. We aimed to describe the impact of type II diabetes at a rural community in Kenya. 200 healthy adult patients underwent random blood sucrose (RBS) testing after ethical approval by the Isiolo County Hospital. Diabetes was defined as RBS ≥11.1 mmol/l. A thorough history, physical examination and dipstick urinalysis for urine protein was done to identify risk factors and/or evidence of end organ damage. 32 patients (16%) had RBS ≥11.1 mmol/l. 12 patients (37.5%) never knew they were diabetic and those who knew 63% were not taking any medication. The most common risk factors were high fat diet (59.4%), sedentary lifestyle (46.8%) and family history of diabetes in first degree relative (37.5%). 43.7% of patients (n=14) had abdominal obesity while 21.9% (n=7) had various foot abnormalities. 8 patients (25%) had proteinuria of ≥ +1 on dipstick urinalysis. The 16% diabetes prevalence is among the highest recorded for a community living on ≤ 1 dollar/day. Further, evidence of end organ damage as depicted by massive proteinuria warrants urgent attention to this underprivileged group. It is hoped the results will form basis for future screening of diabetic nephropathy and other diabetes-related end organs involvement in this part of the world.
Wavelength Dependence of Metal-Enhanced Fluorescence

In this paper, metal-enhanced fluorescence (MEF) from 6-propionyl-2-dimethylaminonaphthalene (Prodan) in different solvents when placed in close proximity to silver island films (SIFs), surface-deposited nanoparticles, is studied. We observe that MEF is wavelength dependent: the enhanced emission of Prodan on SIFs in different solvents changes from 1.5- to 3-fold as compared to a glass control sample containing no silver nanoparticles. Our findings strongly suggest that MEF of Prodan in different solvents is correlated with the scattering portion of the extinction spectrum for metallic particles, i.e., the fluorophore couples and radiates through that scattering mode, which further confirms our laboratories current interpretation of the MEF effect.
Do Couples Self-Insure? The Effect of Informal Care on a Couple's Labor Supply

How does informal care provision to an elderly parent affect the labor supply outcomes of a couple? Previous work examines the relationship between caregiving and the labor market decisions of the care provider, but ignores any labor supply response of the spouse to such decisions. Using data from the Health and Retirement Survey, we examine how informal care provision affects the labor supply of both members of a couple, at both the intensive and extensive margins. Such analysis is especially important for evaluating informal care’s potential effect on retirement timing and household wealth accumulation. We find that providing personal care to an elderly parent reduces a married man’s chance of working by 3.2 percentage points, but providing such care does not affect a married woman’s chance of working. Additionally, male labor force decisions remain inelastic in response to the wife’s caregiving behavior. Working married women do adjust their hours of work in response to caregiving, but in the opposite direction that within-couple insurance would suggest. Instead, the woman increases her work by one hour a week if she is the only care provider, and decreases her work when the husband is the only care provider. When both members of the couple provide informal care these effects cancel out.
The Effects of Aquatic Invasive Species on Property Values: Evidence from a Quasi-Experiment

This study uses hedonic analysis to estimate the effects of a common aquatic invasive species—Eurasian watermilfoil (milfoil)—on property values across an extensive system of over 170 lakes in the northern forest region of Wisconsin. Since milfoil is inadvertently spread by recreational boaters, and since boaters are more likely to visit attractive lakes, variables indicating the presence of milfoil are endogenous in a hedonic model. Using an identification strategy based on a spatial difference-in-differences specification, results indicate that lakes invaded with milfoil experienced an average 13% decrease in land values after invasion. (JEL Q51, Q57)
Terms of trade, the trade balance, and stability: the role of savings behavior

In conventional models of the open economy, the impact on the trade balance of a change in the terms of trade depends upon whether the Marshall-Lerner condition on demand elasticities is satisfied. This paper shows that, in a model which incorporates rational savings behavior, the link between the Marshall-Lerner condition and stability may survive intact or may be severed, depending upon the precise formulation of savings behavior.
A novel charge based SPICE model for nonlinear device capacitances

Modeling of parasitic semiconductor device capacitances has always been a difficult task due to their nonlinearities. In this paper, we present a novel charge based model which provides simplification and ease of the modeling process. Further-more, convergence errors are reduced and the simulation speed is enhanced by up to a factor of two compared to state of the art models. This is especially important for novel SiC and GaN devices which allow for increased switching frequencies and thus a higher number of switching cycles per time period. Moreover, the presented modeling approach can easily be automated which is a significant advantage compared to state of the art models consisting of arbitrary mathematical equations.
Maternal genetic effects set the potential for evolution in a free‐living vertebrate population

Heritable maternal effects have important consequences for the evolutionary dynamics of phenotypic traits under selection, but have only rarely been tested for or quantified in evolutionary studies. Here we estimate maternal effects on early‐life traits in a feral population of Soay sheep (Ovis aries) from St Kilda, Scotland. We then partition the maternal effects into genetic and environmental components to obtain the first direct estimates of maternal genetic effects in a free‐living population, and furthermore test for covariance between direct and maternal genetic effects. Using an animal model approach, direct heritabilities (h2) were low but maternal genetic effects (m2) represented a relatively large proportion of the total phenotypic variance for each trait (birth weight m2 = 0.119, birth date m2 = 0.197, natal litter size m2 = 0.211). A negative correlation between direct and maternal genetic effects was estimated for each trait, but was only statistically significant for natal litter size (ram = −0.714). Total heritabilities (incorporating variance from heritable maternal effects and the direct‐maternal genetic covariance) were significant for birth weight and birth date but not for natal litter size. Inadequately specified models greatly overestimated additive genetic variance and hence direct h2 (by a factor of up to 6.45 in the case of birth date). We conclude that failure to model heritable maternal variance can result in over‐ or under‐estimation of the potential for traits to respond to selection, and advocate an increased effort to explicitly measure maternal genetic effects in evolutionary studies.
Flagellar and ciliary beating: the proven and the possible

The working mechanism of the eukaryotic flagellar axoneme remains one of nature's most enduring puzzles. The basic mechanical operation of the axoneme is now a story that is fairly complete; however, the mechanism for coordinating the action of the dynein motor proteins to produce beating is still controversial. Although a full grasp of the dynein switching mechanism remains elusive, recent experimental reports provide new insights that might finally disclose the secrets of the beating mechanism: the special role of the inner dynein arms, especially dynein I1 and the dynein regulatory complex, the importance of the dynein microtubule-binding affinity at the stalk, and the role of bending in the selection of the active dynein group have all been implicated by major new evidence. This Commentary considers this new evidence in the context of various hypotheses of how axonemal dynein coordination might work.
XMM-Newton observations of the BL Lac MS 0737+7441

We report on the XMM-Newton observations of the BL Lac object MS 0737.9+7441 during the performance verification phase. A simple power-law fit provides an adequate description of the integrated spectrum in the 0.2-10 keV energy band. The photon index is slightly steeper in the EPIC pn data with $\Gamma = (2.38 \pm 0.01)$ compared to the EPIC MOS data ($\Gamma = (2.28 \pm 0.01)$). The difference is most probably due to the present uncertainties in the calibration of the EPIC MOS and EPIC pn data sets. We report evidence for intrinsic absorption in the distant BL Lac above the Galactic column ($N_{\rm H, Gal} = 3.2 10^{20} \rm{cm^{-2}}$) which is $N_{\rm H, fit}^{z=0.315} = (2.70 \pm 0.20) 10^{20} {\rm cm}^{-2}$ in the EPIC pn data and $N_{\rm H, fit}^{z=0.315} = (3.25 \pm 0.25) 10^{20} {\rm cm}^{-2}$ in the EPIC MOS data assuming neutral gas and solar abundances. The flux variations are found to be of the order of 10% . No significant spectral variability is detected.
Outcomes after diagnosis of mycosis fungoides and Sézary syndrome before 30 years of age: a population-based study.

IMPORTANCE Mycosis fungoides and Sézary syndrome (MF/SS) are rare in children and young adults, and thus the incidence and outcomes in this patient population are not well studied. OBJECTIVE To assess the incidence and outcomes of MF/SS in patients diagnosed before 30 years of age. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS Retrospective study of 2 population-based cancer registries-the California Cancer Registry (n = 204) and 9 US cancer registries of the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results program (SEER 9; n = 195)-for patients diagnosed with MF/SS before 30 years of age. MAIN OUTCOMES AND MEASURES Overall survival was calculated by the Kaplan-Meier method. The risk of a second cancer was assessed by calculating the standard incidence ratio (SIR) comparing observed cancer incidence in patients with MF/SS with the expected incidence in the age-, sex-, and race-standardized general population. RESULTS The incidence of MF/SS is rare before 30 years of age, with an incidence rate of 0.05 per 100,000 persons per year before age 20 years and 0.12 per 100,000 persons per year between ages 20 and 29 years in the California Cancer Registry. At 10 years, patients with MF/SS had an overall survival of 94.3% (95% CI, 89.6%-97.2%) in the California Cancer Registry and 88.9% (95% CI, 82.4%-93.2%) in SEER 9. In SEER 9, there was a significant excess risk of all types of second cancers combined (SIR, 3.40; 95% CI, 1.55-6.45), particularly lymphoma (SIR, 12.86; 95% CI, 2.65-37.59) and melanoma (SIR, 9.31; 95% CI, 8.75-33.62). In the California Cancer Registry, the SIR for risk of all types of second cancers was similar to that in SEER 9 (SIR, 3.45; 95% CI, 0.94-8.83), although not statistically significant. CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE Young patients with MF/SS have a favorable outcome, despite a strong suggestion of an increased risk of second primary cancers. Prolonged follow-up is warranted to definitively assess their risk of developing second cancers in a lifetime.
Control structure design : New developments and future directions

Control structure design (CSD) deals with the following fundamental question: Given the process flowsheet, where should the controllers be placed, or more specifically, what variables should be measured (sensors) and manipulated (valves) and how should the two sets be interconnected for safe and economic operation? These choices are not obvious for most systems encountered in practice. The problem of CSD is also complicated by the increasing mass, energy and information integration among the different process units, which necessitates consideration of the whole plant together. In comparison with the vast amount of the literature available on controller design, CSD has received only limited attention. Despite the advances made, a systematic method is still lacking, which can be mainly attributed to the lack of proper mathematical formulation of the problem. Process control lore includes tales of multi-million dollar plants that never operated due to lack of sufficient theory for CSD (Luyben et al., 1998).
Economic Costs and Benefits of a Community-Based Lymphedema Management Program for Lymphatic Filariasis in Odisha State, India

Lymphatic filariasis afflicts 68 million people in 73 countries, including 17 million persons living with chronic lymphedema. The Global Programme to Eliminate Lymphatic Filariasis aims to stop new infections and to provide care for persons already affected, but morbidity management programs have been initiated in only 24 endemic countries. We examine the economic costs and benefits of alleviating chronic lymphedema and its effects through a simple limb-care program. For Khurda District, Odisha State, India, we estimated lifetime medical costs and earnings losses due to chronic lymphedema and acute dermatolymphangioadenitis (ADLA) with and without a community-based limb-care program. The program would reduce economic costs of lymphedema and ADLA over 60 years by 55%. Savings of US$1,648 for each affected person in the workforce are equivalent to 1,258 days of labor. Per-person savings are more than 130 times the per-person cost of the program. Chronic lymphedema and ADLA impose a substantial physical and economic burden on the population in filariasis-endemic areas. Low-cost programs for lymphedema management based on limb washing and topical medication for infection are effective in reducing the number of ADLA episodes and stopping progression of disabling and disfiguring lymphedema. With reduced disability, people are able to work longer hours, more days per year, and in more strenuous, higher-paying jobs, resulting in an important economic benefit to themselves, their families, and their communities. Mitigating the severity of lymphedema and ADLA also reduces out-of-pocket medical expense.
Local move formulae for \\the Alexander polynomials of $n$-knots

It is well-known:Suppose there are three 1-dimensional links $K_+$, $K_-$, $K_0$ such that $K_+$, $K_-$, and $K_0$ coincide out of a 3-ball $B$ trivially embedded in $S^3$ and that $K_+\cap B$, $K_-\cap B$, and $K_0\cap B$ are drawn as follows. Then $\Delta_{K_+}-\Delta_{K_+}=(t-1)\cdot\Delta_{K_0}$, where $\Delta_{K}$ is the Alexander polynomial of $K$. We know similar formulae of other invariants of 1-dimensional knots and links. (The Jones polynomial etc.) It is natural to ask: Suppose there are two $n$-dimensional knots $K_+$, $K_-$ and a submanifold $K_0$ such that $K_+$, $K_-$, and $K_0$ coincide out of a $n$-ball $B$ trivially embedded in $S^{n+2}$. Then is there a relation in $K_+\cap B$, $K_-\cap B$, and $K_0\cap B$ with the following property(*)? (*)If $K_+$, $K_-$, and $K_0$ satisfy this relation, an invariant of $K_+$, that of $K_-$, and that of $K_0$ satisfy a fixed relation. In this paper we pove there are such a relation where $K_+$, $K_-$, and $K_0$ satisfy the formula $\Delta_{K_+}-\Delta_{K_+}=(t-1)\cdot\Delta_{K_0}$, where $\Delta_{K}$ is a polynomial to represent the Alexander polynomial of $K$. We show another relation where $K_+$, $K_-$, and $K_0$ satisfy the formula ${\mathrm{Arf}}K_+-{\mathrm{Arf}}K_-=\{|bP_{4k+2}\cap I(K_0)|+1\}mod 2,$ where (1)$I()$ is the inertia group. and $I(K_0)$ is the inertia group of a smooth manifold which is orientation preserving diffeomorphic to $K_0$. (2)For a group $G$, $|G|$ denote the order of $G$. A local move formula is a relation of an invariant of a few knots related by a local move as above.
Collaborative consumption : towards a resource-saving consumption culture

Resource efficiency in production and technological innovations are inadequate for considerably reducing the current use of natural resources. Both social innovations and a complementary and equally valued strategy of sustainable consumption are required: goods must be used longer, and services that support collaborative consumption (CC) patterns must be extended. “Using rather than owning” strategies, such as product sharing, have the potential to conserve resources. Based on the results of different German studies, this article highlights the resource-saving potentials of CC patterns and recommendations proposed for policies and further research questions. The purpose of this paper is to show that a general resource-saving potential can be realized by “use rather than own” schemes, depending on the application field and the framework for implementation. CC is suitable for making a positive contribution to achieving the Factor 10 target by playing an important role in changing consumer patterns.
Optical monitoring of the z= 4.40 quasar Q 2203+292

We report Cousins R-band monitoring of the high-redshift (z = 4.40) radio-quiet quasar Q 2203+292 from 1999 May to 2007 October. The quasar shows maximum peak-to-peak light curve amplitude of ∼0.3 mag during the time of our monitoring, and ∼0.9 mag when combined with older literature data. The rms of a fit to the light curve with a constant is 0.08 and 0.2 mag, respectively. The detected changes are at ∼3σ level. The quasar was in a stable state during the recent years and it might have undergone a brightening event in the past. The structure function analysis concluded that the object shows variability properties similar to those of the lower redshift quasars. We set a lower limit to the Q 2203+292 broad-line region mass of 0.3-0.4 M ⊙ . Narrow-band imaging search for redshifted Lya from other emission-line objects at the same redshift shows no emission-line objects in the quasar vicinity.