Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
ACTIVITY-RELATED ACHIEVEMENT EMOTIONS AND ACADEMIC PERFORMANCE 1 Activity Achievement Emotions and Academic Performance: A Meta-analysis

Achievement emotions are emotions linked to achievement academic, work, or sports activities (activity emotions) and their success and failure outcomes (outcome emotions). Recent evidence suggests that achievement emotions are linked to motivational, self-regulatory, and cognitive processes that are crucial for academic success. Despite the importance of these emotions, syntheses of empirical findings investigating their relationship with student achievement are scarce. We broadly review the literature on achievement emotions with a focus on activity-related emotions including enjoyment, anger, frustration, and boredom, and their links to educational outcomes with two specific aims: to aggregate all studies and determine how strongly related those emotions are to academic performance, and to examine moderators of those effects. A meta-analytical review was conducted using a systematic database of 68 studies. The 68 studies included 57 independent samples for enjoyment (N = 31,868), 25 for anger (N = 11,153), 9 for frustration (N = 1,418), and 66 for boredom (N = 28,410). Results indicated a positive relationship between enjoyment of learning and academic performance (ρ = .27), whereas the relations were negative for both anger (ρ = -.35) and boredom (ρ = -.25). For frustration, the relation with performance was near zero (ρ = -.02). Moderator tests revealed that relations of activity emotions with academic performance are stronger when (a) students are in secondary school compared to both primary and college, and (b) the emotions are measured by the Achievement Emotions Questionnaires – Mathematics (AEQ-M). Theoretical and practical implications are discussed.
Unconditional pseudorandom generators for low degree polynomials

We give an explicit construction of pseudorandom generators against low degree polynomials over finite fields. We show that the sum of 2d small-biased generators with error ε2O(d) is a pseudorandom generator against degree d polynomials with error ε. This gives a generator with seed length 2O(d) log(n/ε). Our construction follows the recent breakthrough result of Bogadnov and Viola. Their work shows that the sum of d small-biased generators is a pseudo-random generator against degree d polynomials, assuming the Inverse Gowers Conjecture. However, this conjecture is only proven for d=2,3. The main advantage of our work is that it does not rely on any unproven conjectures.
Gravity, market potential and development

This article provides evidence on the long-term impact of market potential on economic development. It derives from the New Economic Geography literature a structural estimation where the level of factors’ income of a country is related to its proximity to large markets, referred to as ‘market potential’. The empirical part evaluates this market potential for all countries in the world with available trade data over the 1965–2003 period and relates it to income per capita. Overall results show that market potential is a powerful driver of increases in income per capita.
Comprehensive Analysis and Characterization of the GATA Gene Family, with Emphasis on the GATA6 Transcription Factor in Poplar

GATA transcription factors are ubiquitously present in eukaryotic organisms and play a crucial role in multiple biological processes, such as plant growth, stress response, and hormone signaling. However, the study of GATA factors in poplar is currently limited to a small number of proteins, despite their evident functional importance. In this investigation, we utilized the most recent genome annotation and stringent criteria to identify 38 GATA transcription factor genes in poplar. Subsequently, we conducted a comprehensive analysis of this gene family, encompassing phylogenetic classification, protein characterization, analysis of promoter cis-acting elements, and determination of chromosomal location. Our examination of gene duplication events indicated that both tandem and segmental duplications have contributed to the expansion of the GATA gene family in poplar, with segmental duplication potentially being a major driving force. By performing collinearity analysis of genes across six different species, we identified 74 pairs of co-linear genes, which provide valuable insights for predicting gene functions from a comparative genomics perspective. Furthermore, through the analysis of gene expression patterns, we identified five GATA genes that exhibited differential expression in leaf–stem–root tissues and eight genes that were responsive to salt stress. Of particular interest was GATA6, which displayed strong induction by salt stress and overlapped between the two gene sets. We discovered that GATA6 encodes a nuclear-localized protein with transcription activation activity, which is continuously induced by salt stress in leaf and root tissues. Moreover, we constructed a co-expression network centered around GATA6, suggesting the potential involvement of these genes in the growth, development, and response to abiotic stress processes in poplar through cell transport systems and protein modification mechanisms, such as vesicle-mediated transport, intracellular transport, ubiquitination, and deubiquitination. This research provides a foundation for further exploration of the functions and mechanisms of GATA transcription factors in poplar.
Edinburgh Research Explorer Seeing through the hedge

21 The Eastern Asia (EA) - North America (NA) disjunction is a well-known biogeographic 22 pattern of the Tertiary relict flora; however, few studies have investigated the evolutionary 23 history of this disjunction using a phylogenomic approach. Here, we used 2,369 single copy 24 nuclear genes and nearly full plastomes to reconstruct the evolutionary history of the small 25 Tertiary relict genus Thuja, which consists of five disjunctly distributed species. The 26 nuclear species tree strongly supported an EA clade T. standishii-T. sutchuenensis and a 27 “disjunct clade”, where western NA species T. plicata is sister to an EA - eastern NA disjunct 28 T. occidentalis-T. koraiensis group. Our results suggested that the observed topological 29 discordance among the gene trees as well as the cytonuclear discordance is mainly due to 30 incomplete lineage sorting, probably facilitated by the fast diversification of Thuja around 31 the Early Miocene and the large effective population sizes of ancestral lineages. 32 Furthermore, ~20% of the T. sutchuenensis nuclear genome is derived from an unknown 33 ancestral lineage of Thuja , which might explain the close resemblance of its cone 34 morphology to that of an ancient fossil species. Overall, our study demonstrates that single 35 genes may not resolve interspecific relationships for disjunct taxa, and that more reliable 36 results will come from hundreds or thousands of loci, revealing a more complex 37 evolutionary history. This will steadily improve our understanding of their origin and 38 evolution.
Micro-Targeting and Polarization∗

This paper connects the rise in polarization to changes in media technology, which allow for higher precision in the advertising strategy of candidates. Candidates place ads in media outlets whose audiences differ in ideology and size. We develop the concept of media centrality, which takes into account differences in the media network and in ideology. Media centrality leads to a simple characterization of both the optimal targeting strategy and policy. We show that generally a more fragmented media landscape leads to an increase in polarization.
Evaluating whether a peer-led dissonance-based eating disorder prevention program prevents onset of each eating disorder type

Abstract Background This study tested whether the dissonance-based Body Project eating disorder prevention program reduced onset of subthreshold/threshold anorexia nervosa (AN), bulimia nervosa (BN), binge eating disorder (BED), and purging disorder (PD) over long-term follow-up. Methods Data were combined from three prevention trials that targeted young women at high-risk for eating disorders (N = 1092; M age = 19.3). Participants were randomized to Body Project groups led by peer educators or expressive writing/educational controls and completed masked diagnostic interviews over 2- to 4-year follow-ups. Logistic regressions tested whether onset of each eating disorder over follow-up differed between Body Project and control participants. Results Peer-led Body Project groups produced a 46% reduction in onset of subthreshold/threshold BN and a 62% reduction in onset of PD relative to controls over follow-up. Rates of onset of subthreshold/threshold AN and BED did not significantly differ between peer-led Body Project participants and control participants. Conclusions Results support the dissemination of the peer-led Body Project for reducing future onset of BN and PD. This study and recent research suggest that thin-ideal internalization, the risk factor for eating disorders targeted in the Body Project, may be more relevant for predicting onset of BN and PD compared to AN and BED. Findings support the development of a version of the Body Project aimed to reduce risk factors that have predicted future onset of all four types of eating disorders (e.g. overvaluation of weight/shape, fear of weight gain), which may more effectively prevent all eating disorder types.
A Hybrid Metaheuristic Algorithm for Diseases Classification Using UAV Images

: Recent advances in technology are very astounding since they have made it possible to manage and monitor systems remotely. Traditional farming is undergoing a transition towards "smart farming" with the assistance of technological breakthroughs, which include the implementation of intelligent irrigation systems and the remote monitoring of the development of crops. In particular, the Unmanned Aerial Vehicle plays a significant role in sophisticated UAVs' ability to capture photographs of crops and spray for pests. The image that is obtained from UAVs is then subjected to various forms of computer-assisted processing in order to determine whether or not the crop's leaves are naturally healthy, diseased, or rotten. Several groups of researchers investigated a variety of approaches, including clustering, machine learning, and deep learning, with the goal of determining the nature of the leaves and categorizing them according to the characteristics they possessed. These traits are necessary for categorization, but the time required to process them will be increased because of their enormous size. Because of this, the authors of this study present a hybrid feature reduction technique that is a blend of two different metaheuristic algorithms. In this case, an upgraded version of the cuckoo search algorithm was paired with the particle swarm to find the most advantageous characteristics. In this, the optimum features of the texture, such as its GLCM, GLDM, and local binary pattern features, were chosen for selection. Using a neural network that was based on the back propagation technique, the optimal characteristics were used for classification. The method that has been suggested is based on photographs that were taken in natural settings of sets of healthy and diseased leaf specimens. The entire process is carried out with the assistance of the MATLAB R2021a program and the results are analyzed with Accuracy, Sensitivity, and Specificity.
Retrieval of Non-Spherical Dust Aerosol Properties from Satellite Observations

An accurate and generalized global retrieval algorithm from satellite observations is a prerequisite to understand the radiative effect of atmospheric aerosols on the climate system. Current operational aerosol retrieval algorithms are limited by the inversion schemes and suffering from the non-uniqueness problem. In order to solve these issues, a new algorithm is developed for the retrieval of non-spherical dust aerosol over land using multi-angular radiance and polarized measurements of the POLDER (POLarization and Directionality of the Earth’s Reflectances) and wide spectral high-resolution measurements of the MODIS (MODerate resolution Imaging Spectro-radiometer). As the first step to account for the non-sphericity of irregularly shaped dust aerosols in the light scattering problem, the spheroidal model is introduced. To solve the basic electromagnetic wave scattering problem by a single spheroid, we developed an algorithm, by transforming the transcendental infinite-continued-fraction-form eigen equation into a symmetric tri-diagonal linear system, for the calculation of the spheroidal angle function, radial functions of the first and second kind, as well as the corresponding first order derivatives. A database is developed subsequently to calculate the bulk scattering properties of dust aerosols for each channel of the satellite instruments. For the purpose of simulation of satellite observations, a code is developed to solve the VRTE (Vector Radiative Transfer Equation) for the coupled atmosphere-surface system using the adding-doubling technique. An alternative fast algorithm, where all the solid angle integrals are converted to summations on an icosahedral grid, is also proposed to speed-up the code. To make the model applicable to various land and
Impacts of Model Horizontal Resolution on Mean Sea-Surface Temperature Biases in the Community Earth System Model

Impacts of model horizontal resolution on sea-surface temperature (SST) biases are studied using high-resolution (HR) and low-resolution (LR) simulations with the Community Earth System Model (CESM) where the nominal resolutions are 0.1 ° for ocean and sea-ice and 0.25 ° for atmosphere and land in HR, and 1 ° for all component models in LR, respectively. Results show that, except within eastern boundary upwelling systems, SST is warmer in HR than LR. Globally averaged surface ocean heat budget analysis indicates that 1 ° C warmer global-mean SST in HR is mainly attributable to stronger nonlocal vertical mixing and shortwave heat ﬂux, with the former prevailing over the latter in eddy-active regions. In the tropics, nonlocal vertical mixing is slightly more important than shortwave heat ﬂux for the warmer SST in HR. Further analysis shows that the stronger nonlocal mixing in HR can be attributed to diﬀerences in both the surface heat ﬂux and shape function strength used in the parameterization. In addition, the shape function shows a nonlinear relationship with surface heat ﬂux in HR and LR, modulated by the eddy-induced vertical heat transport. The stronger shortwave heat ﬂux in HR, on the other hand, is mainly caused by fewer clouds in the tropics. Finally, investigation of ocean advection reveals that the improved western boundary currents in HR also contribute to the reduction of SST biases in eddy-active regions.
Invasive fungal infections in patients with acute myeloid leukemia and in those submitted to allogeneic hemopoietic stem cell transplant: who is at highest risk?

To the Editor: Invasive fungal infections (IFIs) are a growing cause of morbidity and mortality in patients with acute myeloid leukemia (AMLs) and in recipients of allogeneic hemopoietic stem cell transplantation (allo-HSCTs) (1–6). It is widely debated if either allo-HSCTs or AMLs are to be considered at higher risk, but no data comparing the two categories of patients have been reported in literature so far. This cohort study has been conducted from January 1999 to December 2003 in hematology wards located throughout Italy. The study was aimed at evaluating the incidence and mortality for IFIs in adult AMLs and in patients submitted to all types of allo-HSCT procedures; a comparison between the two categories of patients was carried out. EORTC ⁄MSG consensus criteria were used to define IFIs (7). Only infections that were classified as ‘proven’ or ‘probable’ were included in the data analysis. Overall and IFI-attributable mortality rates (IFI-AMR) were estimated. IFI-AMR was defined as a progression of sepsis-related symptoms or of the involved organ failure in the absence of other morbid condition thought to cause death. Outcome was assessed on the 150th day after IFI diagnosis. During the 5-yr study, 1596 new patients received intensive chemotherapy for AML and 679 were submitted to allo-HSCT procedures in the nine participating centers. Proven or probable IFIs were documented in 270 AMLs (174 moulds and 96 yeasts) (incidence 16.9%) and in 56 allo-HSCTs (43 moulds and 13 yeasts) (incidence 8.2%). All yeast infections were sustained by Candida spp. Conversely, mould infections were mostly caused by Aspergillus spp (96% in AML and 91% in HSCT); only a few cases due to rare agents were observed. Significant differences emerged from the comparison of IFI incidence rates in AMLs and allo-HSCTs. The overall mortality rate for fungal infection was 5.9% in AMLs and 5.7% in allo-HSCTs, with an IFI-AMR of 34.8% and 69.6% respectively (Table 1). Furthermore, we separately analyzed mould and yeast infections. In yeast infections, the incidence was higher in AMLs (P-value <0.001), while differences in AMR were not statistically significant (P-value 0.105). As for moulds, significant differences in both incidence rate and AMR were found in AMLs and allo-HSCTs (P-value <0.001). Data about mortality rate became more impressive after having compared AML patients treated with chemotherapy (174 pts) to those treated with allo-HSCT (21 pts). Mortality reached 90.5% in transplanted patients (RR 2.58, CI95% 2.02–3.3, P-value <0.001). IFIs appeared both during the early and late phase after allo-HSCT. Interestingly in moulds infections only, AMR resulted higher for those infections occurring within 100 d from transplant (AMR 85% in early vs. 56% in late aspergillosis, P-value 0.04); it means that patients receiving allo-HSCT continue to be at risk for IFIs even after 100 d, but risk of mortality decreases during the post-engraftment phase.
Joint Sparse Aperture ISAR Autofocusing and Scaling via Modified Newton Method-Based Variational Bayesian Inference

For sparse aperture (SA) radar echoes, the coherence between the undersampled pulses is destroyed, which challenges the effectiveness of the traditional autofocusing and scaling in inverse synthetic aperture radar (ISAR) imaging. A novel Bayesian ISAR autofocusing and scaling algorithm for sparse aperture is proposed, which utilizes Laplacian scale mixture, as the sparse prior of ISAR image, and variational Bayesian inference based on the Laplacian approximation to derive its posterior. In addition, it learns the phase error, rotational velocity, and center of target from radar echo automatically during the reconstruction of ISAR image, so as to achieve ISAR autofocusing and scaling for SA. Because the parameters learning is not easy to converge with the undersampled data, a modified Newton method based on joint constraint of entropy and sparsity is proposed to guarantee fast convergence in a right direction. Experimental results based on both simulated and measured data validate the robustness of the proposed ISAR imaging algorithm against SA and noise.
UC Office of the President Recent Work Title Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 Nef Inhibits Autophagy through Transcription Factor EB Sequestration

HIV Nef acts as an anti-autophagic maturation factor through interaction with beclin-1 (BECN1). We report that exposure of macrophages to infectious or non-infectious purified HIV induces toll-like receptor 8 (TLR8) and BECN1 dependent dephosphorylation and nuclear translocation of TFEB and that this correlates with an increase in autophagy markers. RNA interference for ATG13, TFEB, TLR8, or BECN1 inhibits this HIV-induced autophagy. However, once HIV establishes a productive infection, TFEB phosphorylation and cytoplasmic sequestration are increased resulting in decreased autophagy markers. Moreover, by 7 d post-infection, autophagy levels are similar to mock infected controls. Conversely, although Nef deleted HIV similarly induces TFEB dephosphorylation and nuclear localization, and increases autophagy, these levels remain elevated during continued productive infection. Thus, the interaction between HIV and TLR8 serves as a signal for autophagy induction that is dependent upon the dephosphorylation and nuclear translocation of TFEB. During permissive infection, Nef binds BECN1 resulting in mammalian target of rapamycin (MTOR) activation, TFEB phosphorylation and cytosolic sequestration, and the inhibition of autophagy. To our knowledge, this is the first report of a virus modulating TFEB localization and helps to explain how HIV modulates autophagy to promote its own replication and cell survival.
The retrospective cohort study during an epidemic field investigation

Retrospective cohort studies in the context of epidemic field investigations do not receive sufficient attention in most epidemiology texts despite being the most commonly employed. Moreover, it is erroneously argued that the case-control study should be used more frequently. I review the indications in which the retrospective cohort study is most appropriate: identification of an at-risk population that can be studied by census or sampling and that experiences a substantial attack rate, say 10%. I also address other methodological issues regarding measurements of exposure and disease occurrence, the sample size required, and the analysis of data from a retrospective cohort study.
to Aneurysm Size and Shape Relation Changes Induced by Flow Diverters: Intra-Aneurysmal Pressure and Flow

BACKGROUNDANDPURPOSE: Effectsofbloodﬂowmodiﬁcationbyﬂowdivertersareobservedtoleadoftentoaneurysmthrombosis and reverse remodeling. For this process, to further understand the potential roles of intra-aneurysmal blood pressure changes and aneurysm morphologies, 23 patients were studied by numeric simulation. MATERIALS AND METHODS: 3D imaging of aneurysms of different sizes and shapes, all located at the supraclinoid segment of the ICA ( n (cid:1) 23), was prepared for CFD simulations. Hemodynamic variables were calculated for conditions before and after virtual FD implantation, reconstituting a vessel wall scaffold across the aneurysm neck. WSS, velocity, residence time, turnover time, and intra-aneurysmal pressure were assessed statistically. RESULTS: After placement of FDs, signiﬁcant reductions inside the aneurysm were observed for most hemodynamic variables ( P (cid:2) . 01) except mean intra-aneurysmal pressures. For minimum/maximum intra-aneurysmal pressure values, small but signiﬁcant changes were found; however, they were considered too small to be of relevance. CONCLUSIONS: Calculationsin23casesdidnotrevealsigniﬁcantintra-aneurysmalmeanorpeakpressurechanges,indicatingaminorrole ofpressurechangesintherareeventofsecondaryrupturesafterFDuse.Otherhemodynamicvariables(WSSandvelocity)exhibitedmore signiﬁcant changes, indicating their role in intra-aneurysmal thrombus formation. Size-dependent, signiﬁcantly higher reduction in WSS ( P (cid:1) . 069) and velocity ( P (cid:1) . 013) was observed in small aneurysms compared with larger ones. When it came to shape, there were signiﬁcantly higher reductions in WSS ( P (cid:1) . 055) and velocity ( P (cid:1) . 065) and a signiﬁcantly higher increase in turnover time in fusiform aneurysms compared with saccular aneurysms.