Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Expert Systems With Applications

Spatial crowdsourcing has emerged as a new paradigm for solving problems in the physical world with the help of human workers. A major challenge in spatial crowdsourcing is to assign reliable workers to nearby tasks. The goal of such task assignment process is to maximize the task completion in the face of uncertainty. This process is further complicated when tasks arrivals are dynamic and worker reliability is unknown. Recent research proposals have tried to address the challenge of dynamic task assignment. Yet the majority of the proposals do not consider the dynamism of tasks and workers. They also make the unrealistic assumptions of known deterministic or probabilistic workers’ reliabilities. In this paper, we propose a novel approach for dynamic task assignment in spatial crowdsourcing. The proposed approach combines bi-objective optimization with combinatorial multi-armed bandits. We formulate an online optimization problem to maximize task reliability and minimize travel costs in spatial crowdsourcing. We propose the distance-reliability ratio (DRR) algorithm based on a combinatorial fractional programming approach. The DRR algorithm reduces travel costs by 80% while maximizing reliability when compared to existing algorithms. We extend the DRR algorithm for the scenario when worker reliabilities are unknown. We propose a novel algorithm (DRR-UCB) that uses an interval estimation heuristic to approximate worker reliabilities. Experimental results demonstrate that the DRR-UCB achieves high reliability in the face of uncertainty. The proposed approach is particularly suited for real-life dynamic spatial crowdsourcing scenarios. This approach is generalizable to the similar problems in other areas in expert systems. First, it encompasses online assignment problems when the objective function is a ratio of two linear functions. Second, it considers situations when intelligent and repeated assignment decisions are needed under uncertainty. © 2016 Elsevier Ltd. All
Self-awareness and feeling transparent : Failing to suppress one's self

Abstract Three studies examined the relationship between self-awareness and perceptions of “transparency,” that is, individuals' beliefs about the degree to which their personal qualities can be accurately discerned from their behavior. Study 1 explored the relation of dispositional self-consciousness to feelings of transparency. Study 2 examined the effects of state self-awareness on feelings of transparency. Study 3 investigated individuals' perceptions of transparency in an evaluative context that induced self-awareness and in a relatively nonevaluative context. Across all three studies, increased self-awareness was associated with increased feelings of transparency. Observer data obtained in Study 2 confirmed that self-awareness impairs perspective-taking on the self: Individuals were most likely to overestimate their transparency to an observer under conditions fostering self-focused attention.
A Semi-local Surface Feature for Learning Successful Grasping Affordances

We address the problem of vision based grasp affordance learning and prediction on novel objects by proposing a new semi-local shape-based descriptor, the Sliced Pineapple Grid Feature (SPGF). The primary characteristic of the feature is the ability to encode semantically distinct surface structures, such as “walls”, “edges” and “rims”, that show particular potential as a primer for grasp affordance learning and prediction. When the SPGF feature is used in combination with a probabilistic grasp affordance learning approach, we are able to achieve grasp success-rates of up to 84% for a varied object set of three classes and up to 96% for class specific objects.
The importance of cognitive map placement in bile duct injuries.

SUMMARY Bile duct injuries often occur because of surgeon spatial disorientation. The psychological concept of cognitive map misplacement is a useful explanation of how this disorientation and injury occurs. Surgeons may find that using a "bile duct time out" is a helpful way to orient. Based on the mnemonic B-SAFE, they can use 5 subhepatic landmarks (B, bile duct; S, sulcus of Rouviere; A, hepatic artery; F, umbilical fissure; E, enteric/duodenum) to correctly place their cognitive map.
Workflow scheduling for SaaS / PaaS cloud providers considering two SLA levels

Cloud computing is being used to avoid maintenance costs and upfront investment, while providing elasticity to the available computational power in a pay-per-use basis. Customers can make use of the cloud as a software (SaaS), platform (PaaS), or infrastructure (IaaS) provider. When one customer utilizes an environment provided by a SaaS cloud, she is unaware of any details about the computational infrastructure where her requests are being processed. Therefore, such infrastructure can be composed of computational resources from a datacenter owned by the SaaS or its resources can be leased from a cloud infrastructure provider. In this paper we present an integer linear program (ILP) formulation for the problem of scheduling SaaS customer's workflows into multiple IaaS providers where SLA exists at two levels. In addition, we present heuristics to solve the relaxed version of the presented ILP. Simulation results show that the proposed ILP is able to find low-cost solutions for short deadlines, while the proposed heuristics are effective when deadlines are larger.
Parametric Polymorphism Optimization for Deeply Nested Types in Computer Algebra

Computer algebra systems, such as Axiom, and programming languages designed for computer algebra, such as Aldor, have very flexible mechanisms for generic code, with type parameterization. Modern versions of Maple can support this style of programming through the use of Maple's module system, and by using module-producing functions to give parametric type constructors. From the software design point of view, generic programming allows better code re-usability so main-stream programming languages, such as C++ and Java, have evolved to support it. Computer algebra programs that use parametric polymorphism tend to do so very heavily, leading to deeply nested type constructions. Optimization of deeply nested type constructions thus becomes an important problem for system efficiency. The goal of the current work is to present optimizations for this situation. Our approach is to specialize generic types at compiletime, based on global program analysis. We anticipate that the problem of optimizing deeply nested type construction will also find application outside computer algebra.
School leadership models: what do we know?

The growth in the importance of school leadership has been accompanied by theory development, with new models emerging and established approaches being redefined and further developed. The purpose of this paper is to review current and recent writing on leadership models. The paper examines theoretical literature, to see how leadership is conceptualised, and empirical literature, to demonstrate whether and how the research evidence supports these concepts. The paper shows that leadership models are subject to fashion but often serve to reflect, and to inform, changes in school leadership practice.
Warped Supersymmetry Breaking

We address the size of supersymmetry-breaking effects within string theory settings where the observable sector resides deep within a strongly warped region, with supersymmetry breaking not necessarily localized in that region. Our particular interest is in how the supersymmetry-breaking scale seen by the observable sector depends on this warping. We focus concretely on type IIB flux compactifications and obtain this dependence in two ways: by computing within the microscopic string theory supersymmetry-breaking masses in Dp-brane supermultiplets; and by investigating how warping gets encoded into masses within the low-energy 4D effective theory. We identify two different ways to identify `the' 4D gravitino in such systems—the state whose supersymmetry is the least broken, and the state whose couplings are the most similar to the 4D graviton's—and argue that these need not select the same state in strongly warped settings. We formulate the conditions required for the existence of a description in terms of a 4D SUGRA formulation, or in terms of 4D SUGRA together with soft-breaking terms, and describe in particular situations where neither exist for some non-supersymmetric compactifications. We suggest that some effects of warping are captured by a linear A dependence in the Kahler potential. We outline some implications of our results for the KKLT scenario of moduli stabilization with broken SUSY.
Preterm birth among African American and white women: a multilevel analysis of socioeconomic characteristics and cigarette smoking

Study objective: Research shows that neighbourhood socioeconomic factors are associated with preterm delivery. This study examined whether cigarette smoking and individual socioeconomic factors modify the effects of neighbourhood factors on preterm delivery. Design: Case-control study. Setting: Moffit Hospital in San Francisco, California. Participants: 417 African American and 1244 white women, including all preterm and a random selection of term deliveries 1980–1990, excluding non-singleton pregnancies, congenital anomolies, induced deliveries, and women transported for special care. US census data from 1980 and 1990 were used to characterise the women’s neighbourhoods, defined as census tracts. Results: Cigarette smoking increased the risk of preterm delivery among both African American (OR=1.77, 95% confidence intervals (CI) (1.12 to 2.79)) and white women (OR=1.25, 95% CI (1.01 to 1.55)). However, cigarette smoking did not attenuate or modify the association of neighbourhood factors with preterm delivery. Among African American women, having public insurance modified the relation between neighbourhood unemployment and preterm delivery; among women without public insurance, the risk of preterm delivery was low in areas with low unemployment and high in areas with high unemployment, while among women with public insurance the risk of preterm delivery was highest at low levels of neighbourhood unemployment. Conclusions: Cigarette smoking was associated with preterm delivery, especially among African Americans. Adverse neighbourhood conditions had an influence on preterm delivery beyond that of cigarette smoking. The effects of some neighbourhood characteristics were different depending on individual socioeconomic status. Examining socioeconomic and behavioural/biological risk factors together may increase understanding of the complex causes of preterm delivery.
Bicultural Individuals in Organizations

Cross-cultural management research typically assumes that individuals have only one cultural profile. However, given the changing patterns in the world’s workforce it is increasingly possible that more employees and managers will be bicultural. This special issue responds to the need to further our understanding of this emerging demographic in organizations. In this introductory article, we provide a brief review of what we know about bicultural individuals, point out some implications of our current knowledge for organizations, indentify opportunities for further exploration of these topics, and introduce the articles in the special issue. La personne biculturelle dans l’entreprise : implications et opportunités (Mary Yoko Brannen et David C. Thomas) La recherche en management interculturel présume généralement que les individus n’ont qu’un seul profil culturel. Cependant, étant donné l’évolution globale de la population active dans le monde, il est plus que probable que de plus en plus d’employés et de cadres seront biculturels. Ce numéro spécial répond au besoin d’approfondir cette question démographique dans le contexte de l’entreprise. Dans cet article de présentation, nous faisons un bref rappel de ce que nous savons sur la personne biculturelle, soulignons quelques implications qu’ont nos connaissances actuelles sur l’entreprise, identifions des opportunités d’investigation plus poussée sur ces sujets, et présentons les divers articles de ce numéro spécial.
The Psychophysiological Consequences of State Self-Objectification and Predictors of Clothing-Related Distress

Using a within-participants experimental design, the psychophysiological impact of objectified versus non-objectified clothing conditions in a sample of college women (n = 28) was examined. Participants showed significantly lower mean heart rate (HR) in the objectified compared to the non-objectified condition within the first 6 seconds of stimulus onset, indicative of an orienting response (OR). The effect persisted at 5 minutes and did not vary as a function of trait self-objectification. Results further inform objectification theory, suggesting a psychophysiological mechanism that may explain reduced cognitive processing in objectified states. A secondary aim was to examine prospective predictors of clothing-related distress. Weight, thin-ideal internalization, social comparison, and trait self-objectification predicted negative affect, state anxiety, and body preferences following clothing conditions but not HR changes from objectified to non-objectified conditions. Partial regression coefficients sug.
Short-Term Retention of Single Paired-Associates

This note reports a simple and direct method for the study of the shortterm retention of single paired-associates. Procedure. -A list of paired-associates was presented once, then Ss were tested for recall of one of the pairs of the list. Ss were given no information prior to the recall test as to which pair would be selected. The number of pairs preceding the to-be-remembered pair determined the PI level, while the number of succeeding pairs determined the RI level. In the present experiment PI was 0, 1, 2, or 3 pairs, while RI was 0, 1, 2, 3, or 5 pairs. Wi th four replications of this 4 x 5 design there were 8 0 trials, all given within an hour's time. The pairs consisted of words chosen from the 4,000 most common English words ('G count of 20 and up) in the Thorndike-Lorge list. The pairs were photographed and presented on a 35-mm. strip film for group testing. The presentation rate was 2 sec. per pair with no delay between the last pair in the list and the recall test. The recall period was 15 sec. and it was terminated by a ready signal which preceded the next trial by 5 sec. Ss were 24 students of both sexes from an introductory psychology course. Written recall was used; i.e., on the recall test the stimulus member of one of the pairs was shown and Ss tried ro write down the correct response. Results. -The main results are shown in Fig. 1; the recall scores for PI 1 to 3 were combined because they were very similar. As can be seen, forgetting
An improved collision avoidance scheme using Artificial Potential Field with fuzzy logic

The Artificial Potential Field (APF), reputed for being one of the most prominent algorithm for traversing a path in the shortest distance possible, has a critical disability when confronted by obstacles classified by the state of being under local minima. The said state occurs when the APF algorithm yields an appreciable attractive force between the immediate position of the robot and the goal distance while, at the same time, yielding a considerable repulsive force due to the presence of obstacles that prevents it from determining its next position. The solution manifested by the researchers utilizes another reputed algorithm known as the Fuzzy Logic Inference (FLI) System by using membership functions that takes input from ultrasonic distance sensors and outputs left and right motor speed that implicitly controls the robot turn as well. Membership functions have a given pre-determined range of values that control the state of an input or an output. The fuzzy rule base, a linguistic set of IF-THEN statements, used in this FLI system follows a wall-following robot behaviour accessed if and only if the robot determines that it is under the state of local minima. Simulation and experiments of their algorithm shows good performance and ability to overcome the local minimum problem associated with potential field methods.
Tea and Its Consumption: Benefits and Risks

The recent convention of introducing phytochemicals to support the immune system or combat diseases is a centuries’ old tradition. Nutritional support is an emerging advancement in the domain of diet-based therapies; tea and its constituents are one of the significant components of these strategies to maintain the health and reduce the risk of various malignancies. Tea is the most frequently consumed beverage worldwide, besides water. All the three most popular types of tea, green (unfermented), black (fully fermented), and oolong (semifermented), are manufactured from the leaves of the plant Camellia sinensis. Tea possesses significant antioxidative, anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial, anticarcinogenic, antihypertensive, neuroprotective, cholesterol-lowering, and thermogenic properties. Several research investigations, epidemiological studies, and meta-analyses suggest that tea and its bioactive polyphenolic constituents have numerous beneficial effects on health, including the prevention of many diseases, such as cancer, diabetes, arthritis, cardiovascular disease (CVD), stroke, genital warts, and obesity. Controversies regarding beneficialts and risks of tea consumption still exist but the limitless health-promoting benefits of tea outclass its few reported toxic effects. However, with significant rise in the scientific investigation of role of tea in human life, this review is intended to highlight the beneficial effects and risks associated with tea consumption.
Bipolar Disorder: A Cognitive Therapy Approach

Bipolar Disorder - Diagnostic, Epidemiologic, Etiologic, and Prognostic Issues The Role of Cognition in Bipolar Disorder and its Treatment Moderating Mania and Hypomania Clinical Management of Depression, Hopelessness, and Suicidality in Bipolar Disorder Pharmacotherapy in the Context of Cognitive Therapy for Bipolar Disorder Bipolar Disorder and the Family Stigma, Loss, and Acceptance Cognitive Therapy for Bipolar Disorder in Action - The Case of "Carlos" Epilogue - Future Directions.
Gene expression regulation by upstream open reading frames in rare diseases

This work was partially supported by Fundacao para a Ciencia e a Tecnologia (UID/MULTI/04046/2013 to BioISI from FCT/MCTES/PIDDAC). JS and RF are supported by fellowships from Fundacao para a Ciencia e a Tecnologia (SFRH/BD/106081/2015 and SFRH/BD/114392/2016, respectively).
Checkers Is Solved

The game of checkers has roughly 500 billion billion possible positions (5 × 1020). The task of solving the game, determining the final result in a game with no mistakes made by either player, is daunting. Since 1989, almost continuously, dozens of computers have been working on solving checkers, applying state-of-the-art artificial intelligence techniques to the proving process. This paper announces that checkers is now solved: Perfect play by both sides leads to a draw. This is the most challenging popular game to be solved to date, roughly one million times as complex as Connect Four. Artificial intelligence technology has been used to generate strong heuristic-based game-playing programs, such as Deep Blue for chess. Solving a game takes this to the next level by replacing the heuristics with perfection.
Induction of the Manganese Superoxide Dismutase Gene by Sphingomyelinase and Ceramide

Abstract : The present study reports the effect of ceramide generated by hydrolysis of membrane sphingomyelin with bacterial sphingomyelinase (SMase) and of cell‐permeable ceremide analogues on the expression of manganese superoxide dismutase (MnSOD). Incubation of the rat primary astrocytes with SMase led to a time‐and dose‐dependent increase in MnSOD activity. The increase in MnSOD activity was accompanied by an increase in MnSOD protein and mRNA. A similar effect on the expression of MnSOD was observed with the addition of cell‐permeable ceramide analogues (C2 and C6). On the other hand, C2‐dihydroceramide (N‐acetylsphinganine), which lacks the functional critical double bond, was ineffective in inducing the expression of MnSOD. Nuclear run‐on analysis showed that SMase and ceramide increased the rate of transcription of the MnSOD gene. Besides astrocytes, SMase was also found to induce the expression of MnSOD in rat mesangial cells, C6 glial cells, PC12 cells, and human skin fibroblasts. Markedly higher expression of mRNA, protein, and activity of MnSOD in skin fibroblasts from patients with Farber disease, a human disorder with pathognomonic accumulation of ceramide due to a deficiency of ceramidase, than in normal skin fibroblasts indicate that ceramide may act as a physiological inducer of MnSOD gene expression. However, stimulation of ceramide‐mediated DNA fragmentation by antisense knockdown of MnSOD suggests that induction of MnSOD by ceramide is a protective response of the cell.
Variables Associated With American High School Students' Knowledge of Environmental Issues Related to Energy and Pollution

Abstract The objective of this study was to analyze the distribution of knowledge about environmental issues related to energy and pollution in a national probability sample of American high school students. Parental level of education, quantity of high school science courses, and gender (in favor of male students) all were found to be significantly related to the students' levels of knowledge about environmental issues related to energy and pollution. The difference between male and female students remained even when the number of science classes taken was controlled. Educational implications of the study are discussed.
Specification of Jaw Subdivisions by Dlx Genes

The success of vertebrates was due in part to the acquisition and modification of jaws. Jaws are principally derived from the branchial arches, embryonic structures that exhibit proximodistal polarity. To investigate the mechanisms that specify the identity of skeletal elements within the arches, we examined mice lacking expression ofDlx5 and Dlx6, linked homeobox genes expressed distally but not proximally within the arches.Dlx5/6–/– mutants exhibit a homeotic transformation of lower jaws to upper jaws. We suggest that nestedDlx expression in the arches patterns their proximodistal axes. Evolutionary acquisition and subsequent refinement of jaws may have been dependent on modification of Dlx expression.
Serum proteomic profile analysis for endometrial carcinoma detection with MALDI-TOF MS

Introduction Endometrial carcinoma is the one of the leading causes of terminal cancer death in women, and the best way to solve it is through an early diagnosis. Serum proteomic profiling is a promising approach to classify disease versus normal and matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time of flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF). This analysis is a new potential tool for the diagnosis of human diseases. The objective of our study was to assess the feasibility of mass spectrometry, based on serum proteomic pattern for the discrimination of endometrial carcinoma patients from healthy control patients. Material and methods By using 30 pre-operative endometrial carcinoma serum samples and 30 healthy controls, we generated MALDI-TOF protein profiles, established the serum detection model, and analyzed the data. Furthermore, we validated the data and got the total sensitivity (97.6%) and specificity (100%), which could classify all the samples well and demonstrated the high, significant separation ability. Results Our results indicated that high sensitivity and specificity classify endometrial carcinoma by the serum detection model and showed the potential usefulness of serum protein profiles. Conclusions From these results, we could tell that MALDI-TOF MS is a potential tool for diagnosing diseases by the use of serum samples and will be widely used in the future for clinical work.