Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Socioeconomic Evaluation of Hybrid Rice Production in the Philippines

This study analyzed the changes in profitability, productivity and farm management practices of hybrid rice cultivation in comparison with inbred rice production. It also gave insights on factors affecting the adoption of hybrid rice technology. Data from five major rice-producing provinces, which include Nueva Ecija, Isabela, Iloilo, Davao del Sur and Davao del Norte, were processed using farm budget and regression analyses. Results showed that the yield of hybrid rice production is higher than inbred production and that hybrid rice faces higher price in the market in comparison with its inbred counterpart. This led to higher gross income from hybrid rice farming. However, the hybrid rice cost of production is significantly higher due to higher seed, fertilizer, pesticide and hired labor cost. Because of these offsetting factors, net profit from the two types of rice farming did not differ significantly. In addition, analysis of actual input usage revealed that hybrid rice cultivation used more organic and inorganic fertilizers, pesticides, and hired labor inputs. The factors that were found to influence the probability of continuous adoption include: yield, price of rough rice, price of seed, pesticide cost, labor wage rate, education level of farmers, the availability of credit, and provincial location of farms.
The Best of Two Worlds: Using Recent Advances from Uplift Modeling and Heterogeneous Treatment Effects to Optimize Targeting Policies

The design of targeting policies is fundamental to address a variety of practical problems across a broad spectrum of domains from e-commerce to politics and medicine. Recently, researchers and practitioners have begun to predict individual treatment effects to optimize targeting policies. Although different research streams, that is, uplift modeling and heterogeneous treatment effect propose numerous methods to predict individual treatment effects, current approaches suffer from various practical challenges, such as weak model performance and a lack of reliability. In this study, we propose a new, tree-based, algorithm that combines recent advances from both research streams and demonstrate how its use can improve predicting the individual treatment effect. We benchmark our method empirically against state-of-the-art strategies and show that the proposed algorithm achieves excellent results. We demonstrate that our approach performs particularly well when targeting few customers, which is of paramount interest when designing targeting policies in a marketing context
Field theory of disordered systems -- Avalanches of an elastic interface in a random medium

In this thesis I discuss analytical approaches to disordered systems using field theory. Disordered systems are characterized by a random energy landscape due to heterogeneities, which remains fixed on the time scales of the phenomena considered. I focus specifically on elastic interfaces in random media, such as pinned domain walls in ferromagnets containing defects, fluid contact lines on rough surfaces, etc. The goal is to understand static properties (e.g. the roughness) of such systems, and their dynamics in response to an external force. The interface moves in avalanches, triggered at random points in time, separated by long periods of quiescence. For magnetic domain walls, this phenomenon is known as Barkhausen noise. I first study the model of a particle in a Brownian random force landscape, applicable to high-dimensional interfaces. Its exact solution for a monotonous, but time-varying driving force is obtained. This allows computing the joint distribution of avalanche sizes and durations, and their spatial and temporal shape. I then generalize these results to a short-range correlated disorder. Using the functional renormalization group, I compute the universal distributions of avalanche sizes, durations, and their average shape as a function of time. The corrections with respect to the Brownian model become important in sufficiently low dimension (e.g. for a crack front in the fracture of a solid). I then discuss connections to the rough phase of Kardar-Parisi-Zhang nonlinear surface growth, and an application to the variable-range hopping model of electric conductance in a disordered insulator.
Generalized Asymmetry

: The paper argues for a Maximize Asymmetric Relations preference (MAR) as a general property of language based on a number of phenomena that are independent of word order. In addition to expanding the domain of asymmetricity, a number of mechanisms and phenomena are unified from this perspective, with their reason for existence traced back to MAR, namely the diachronic loss of specifiers, the Linear Correspondence Axiom, the Phase Impenetrability Condition, the no-Spec-without-complement aspect of Bare Phrase Structure, the rarity of multiple Spec constructions (as with, e.g. multiple wh-fronting), and the who left effect (where subject wh-movement cannot proceed through SpecTP). MAR is also shown to favor approaches where movement is moving-element driven over those where movement is target-driven as well as Bare Phrase structure building over GB structure building, and to have consequences for the proper formulation of several mechanisms, including the Phase Impenetrability Condition, Case licensing, and the EPP. The paper also discusses MAR within a broader formalism vs functionalism setting, within a unificational perspective where both of these approaches have a place.
Analytical and Computational Indoor Shelter Models for Infiltration of Carbon Dioxide into Buildings: Comparison with Experimental Data

This paper describes two indoor shelter models – an analytical model and a Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) model - that can be used to predict the level of infiltration of carbon dioxide (CO 2 ) into a building following a release from an onshore CO 2 pipeline. The motivation behind the development of these models was to demonstrate that the effects of shelter should be considered as part of a Quantitative Risk Assessment (QRA) for CO 2 pipeline infrastructure and to provide a methodology for considering the impact of a CO 2 release on building occupants.A key component in the consequence modelling of a release from a CO 2 pipeline is an infiltration model for CO 2 into buildings which can describe the impact on people inside buildings during a release event. This paper describes the development of an analytical shelter model and a CFD model which are capable of predicting the change in internal concentration, temperature and toxic load within a single roomed building that is totally engulfed by a transient cloud of gaseous CO 2 . Application of the models is demonstrated by comparison with experimental measurements of CO 2 accumulation in a building placed in the path of a drifting cloud of CO 2 . The analytical and CFD models are shown to make good predictions of the average change in internal concentration. Furthermore, it is demonstrated that the effects of
Prefeasibility analysis of low-scale biore�neries: annatto and açai case

The industrial applicability of exotic and wild fruits has been investigated as stand-alone processes framed to obtain a single main product. However, their combination and the valorization of the processing residues in a biore�nery scheme have not been explored. Therefore, this work aims to assess the technical and economic feasibility of low-scale biore�neries based on annatto and açai as raw materials. Therefore, the actual processing of both fruits was carried out experimentally. For annatto, the extraction of dye paste was performed, obtaining mass yields of up to 58.4% by working with ground seed. Regarding the açai, pulp was obtained with a polyphenol content of 23.56 mg of gallic acid equivalent per gram of sample. The residues generated in both processes were used as substrates for biogas production, achieving biomethane yields between 186–533 mL per gram of volatile solids. These results were the basis for the design and simulation of process scale-up in low-scale biore�nery contexts. Five scenarios were evaluated, involving the production of annatto dye paste, açai pulp, biogas from exhausted annatto seeds, slurry and seeds of açai, and feedstock integration. As the main energy result, it was found that the individual production of açai pulp can fully supply the required energy of the process through the self-generation index. From the economic perspective, it was found that there is economic feasibility working with �ows below the regional and national production in Colombia for all scenarios.
Heterotic road to the MSSM with R parity

Author(s): Lebedev, Oleg; Nilles, Hans Peter; Raby, Stuart; Ramos-Sanchez, Saul; Ratz, Michael; Vaudrevange, Patrick KS; Wingerter, Akin | Abstract: In a previous paper, referred to as a "Mini-Landscape" search, we explored a "fertile patch" of the heterotic landscape based on a Z6-II orbifold with SO(10) and E6 local grand unified theory structures. In the present paper we extend this analysis. We find many models with the minimal supersymmetric standard model spectra and an exact R parity. In all of these models, the vectorlike exotics decouple along D-flat directions. We present two benchmark models which satisfy many of the constraints of a realistic supersymmetric model, including nontrivial Yukawa matrices for three families of quarks and leptons and Majorana masses for right-handed neutrinos with nontrivial seesaw masses for the three light neutrinos. In an appendix we comment on the important issue of string selection rules and, in particular, the so-called "gamma-rule". © 2008 The American Physical Society.
CALIBRATING THE UPDATED OVERSHOOT MIXING MODEL ON ECLIPSING BINARY STARS: HY Vir, YZ Cas, χ2 Hya, and VV Crv

Detached eclipsing binary stars with convective cores provide a good tool to investigate convective core overshoot. It has been performed on some binary stars to restrict the classical overshoot model which simply extends the boundary of the fully mixed region. However, the classical overshoot model is physically unreasonable and inconsistent with helioseismic investigations. An updated model of overshoot mixing was established recently. There is a key parameter in the model. In this paper, we use observations of four eclipsing binary stars, i.e., HY Vir, YZ Cas, χ2 Hya, and VV Crv, to investigate a suitable value for the parameter. It is found that the value suggested by calibrations on eclipsing binary stars is the same as the value recommended by other methods. In addition, we have studied the effects of the updated overshoot model on the stellar structure. The diffusion coefficient of convective/overshoot mixing is very high in the convection zone, then quickly decreases near the convective boundary, and exponentially decreases in the overshoot region. The low value of the diffusion coefficient in the overshoot region leads to weak mixing and a partially mixed overshoot region. Semi-convection, which appears in the standard stellar models of low-mass stars with convective cores, is removed by partial overshoot mixing.
Weak comparison principles for fully nonlinear degenerate parabolic equations with discontinuous source terms

We study the initial value problem for a fully nonlinear degenerate parabolic equation with discontinuous source terms, to which a usual type of comparison principles does not apply. Examples include singular equations appearing in surface evolution problems such as the level-set mean curvature (cid:13)ow equation with a driving force term and a discontinuous source term. By a suitable scaling, we establish weak comparison principles for a viscosity sub- and supersolution to the equation. We also present uniqueness and existence results of possibly discontinuous viscosity solutions.
A uniformly bounded complete Euclidean system

A uniformly bounded complete orthonormal system of functions $\Theta =\{ \theta_n\}_{n=1}^{\infty},$ $ \|\theta_n\|_{L^\infty_{[0,1]} } \leq M $ is constructed such that $\sum_{n=1}^{\infty} a_{n}\theta_{n}$ converges almost everywhere on $[0,1]$ if $\{ a_n\}_{n=1}^{\infty} \in \, l^2$ and $\sum_{n=1}^{\infty} a_{n}\theta_{n}$ diverges a. e. for any $\{ a_n\}_{n=1}^{\infty} \not\in \, l^2$. Thus Menshov's theorem on the representation of measurable, almost everywhere finite, functions by almost everywhere convergent trigonometric series cannot be extended to the class of uniformly bounded complete orthonormal systems.
The circumstellar disk of HH 30. Searching for signs of disk evolution with multi-wavelength modeling

Circumstellar disks are characteristic for star formation and vanish during the first few Myr of stellar evolution. During this time planets are believed to form in the dense midplane by growth, sedimentation and aggregation of dust. Indicators of disk evolution, such as holes and gaps, can be traced in the spectral energy distribution (SED) and spatially resolved images. We aim to construct a self-consistent model of HH 30 by fitting all available continuum observations simultaneously. New data sets not available in previous studies, such as high-resolution interferometric imaging with the Plateau de Bure Interferometer (PdBI) at lambda = 1.3 mm and SED measured with IRS on the Spitzer Space Telescope in the mid-infrared, put strong constraints on predictions and are likely to provide new insights into the evolutionary state of this object. A parameter study based on simulated annealing was performed to find unbiased best-fit models for independent observations made in the wavelength domain lambda ~ 1 micron . 4 mm. The method essentially creates a Markov chain through parameter space by comparing predictions generated by our self-consistent continuum radiation transfer code MC3D with observations. We present models of the edge-on circumstellar disk of HH 30 based on observations from the near-infrared to mm-wavelengths that suggest the presence of an inner depletion zone with about 45 AU radius and a steep decline of mm opacity beyond 140 AU. Our modeling indicates that several modes of dust evolution such as growth, settling, and radial migration are taking place in this object. High-resolution observations of HH 30 at different wavelengths with next-generation observatories such as ALMA and JWST will enable the modeling of inhomogeneous dust properties and significantly expand our understanding of circumstellar disk evolution.
Dubrovin's conjecture for IG(2,6)

We show that the big quantum cohomology of the symplectic isotropic Grassmanian $IG(2,6)$ is generically semisimple, whereas its small quantum cohomology is known to be non-semisimple. This gives yet another case where Dubrovin's conjecture holds and stresses the need to consider the big quantum cohomology in its formulation.
Zeeman-Splitting-Assisted Quantum Logic Spectroscopy of Trapped Ions

We present a quantum logic scheme to detect atomic and molecular ions in different states of angular momentum based on their magnetic $g$ factors. The state-dependent magnetic $g$ factors mean that electronic, rotational, or hyperfine states may be distinguished by their Zeeman splittings in a given magnetic field. Driving motional sidebands of a chosen Zeeman splitting enables reading out the corresponding state of angular momentum with an auxiliary logic ion. As a proof-of-principle demonstration, we show that we can detect the ground electronic state of a $^{174}\mathrm{Yb}^{+}$ ion using $^{171}\mathrm{Yb}^{+}$ as the logic ion. Further, we can distinguish between the $^{174}\mathrm{Yb}^{+}$ ion being in its ground electronic state versus the metastable ${}^{2}{D}_{3/2}$ state. We discuss the suitability of this scheme for the detection of rotational states in molecular ions.
Volume preserving flow by powers of the $k$th mean curvature

We consider the flow of closed convex hypersurfaces in Euclidean space $\mathbb{R}^{n+1}$ with speed given by a power of the $k$-th mean curvature $E_k$ plus a global term chosen to impose a constraint involving the enclosed volume $V_{n+1}$ and the mixed volume $V_{n+1-k}$ of the evolving hypersurface. We prove that if the initial hypersurface is strictly convex, then the solution of the flow exists for all time and converges to a round sphere smoothly. No curvature pinching assumption is required on the initial hypersurface.
Efficient privacy preserving top-k recommendation using homomorphic sorting

Theexistingworksonprivacy-preservingrecommendersystemsbased on homomorphic encryption do not ﬁlter top-k most relevant items on the server side. As a result, sending the encrypted rating vector for all items to the user retrieving the top-k items is necessary. This incurs signiﬁcant computation and communication costs on the user side. In this work, we employ private sorting at the server to reduce the user-side overheads. In private sorting, the values and corresponding positions of elements must remain private. We use an existing private sorting protocol by Foteini and Olga and tailor it to the privacy-preserving top-k recommendation applications. We enhance it to use secure bit decomposition in the private comparison routine of the protocol. This leads to a notable reduction in cost overheads of users as well as the servers, especially at the keyserver where the computation cost is reduced to half. The dataserver does not have to perform costly encryption and decryption operations. It performs computationally less expensive modular exponentiation operations. Since the private comparison operation contributes signiﬁcantly to the overall cost overhead, making it efﬁ-cient enhances the sorting protocol’s performance. Our security analysis concludes that the proposed scheme is as secure as the original protocol.
Decoding Protocols for Classical Communication on Quantum Channels

We study the problem of decoding classical information encoded on quantum states at the output of a quantum channel, with particular focus on increasing the communication rates towards the maximum allowed by Quantum Mechanics. After a brief introduction to the main theoretical formalism employed in the rest of the thesis, i.e., continuous-variable Quantum Information Theory and Quantum Communication Theory, we consider several decoding schemes. First, we treat the problem from an abstract perspective, presenting a method to decompose any quantum measurement into a sequence of easier nested measurements through a binary-tree search. Furthermore we show that this decomposition can be used to build a capacity-achieving decoding protocol for classical communication on quantum channels and to solve the optimal discrimination of some sets of quantum states. These results clarify the structure of optimal quantum measurements, showing that it can be recast in a more operational and experimentally-oriented fashion. Second, we consider a more practical approach and describe three receiver structures for coherent states of the electromagnetic field with applications to single-mode state discrimination and multi-mode decoding at the output of a quantum channel. We treat the problem bearing in mind the technological limitations faced nowadays in the field of optical communications: we evaluate the performance of general decoding schemes based on such technology and report increased performance of two schemes, the first one employing a non-Gaussian transformation and the second one employing a code tailored to be read out easily by the most common detectors. Eventually we characterize a large class of multi-mode adaptive receivers based on common technological resources, obtaining a no-go theorem for their capacity.
Relativistic mirrors in laser plasmas (analytical methods)

Relativistic flying mirrors in plasmas are realized as thin dense electron (or electron–ion) layers accelerated by high-intensity electromagnetic waves to velocities close to the speed of light in vacuum. The reflection of an electromagnetic wave from the relativistic mirror results in its energy and frequency changing. In a counter-propagation configuration, the frequency of the reflected wave is multiplied by the factor proportional to the Lorentz factor squared. This scientific area promises the development of sources of ultrashort x-ray pulses in the attosecond range. The expected intensity will reach the level at which the effects predicted by nonlinear quantum electrodynamics start to play a key role. We present an overview of theoretical methods used to describe relativistic flying, accelerating, oscillating mirrors emerging in intense laser-plasma interactions.
Natural cold baryogenesis from strongly interacting electroweak symmetry breaking

The mechanism of "cold electroweak baryogenesis" has been so far unpopular because its proposal has relied on the ad-hoc assumption of a period of hybrid inflation at the electroweak scale with the Higgs acting as the waterfall field. We argue here that cold baryogenesis can be naturally realized without the need to introduce any slow-roll potential. Our point is that composite Higgs models where electroweak symmetry breaking arises via a strongly first-order phase transition provide a well-motivated framework for cold baryogene- sis. In this case, reheating proceeds by bubble collisions and we argue that this can induce changes in Chern-Simons number, which in the presence of new sources of CP violation com- monly lead to baryogenesis. We illustrate this mechanism using as a source of CP violation an effective dimension-six operator which is free from EDM constraints, another advantage of cold baryogenesis compared to the standard theory of electroweak baryogenesis. Our results are general as they do not rely on any particular UV completion but only on a stage of su- percooling ended by a first-order phase transition in the evolution of the universe, which can be natural if there is nearly conformal dynamics at the TeV scale. Besides, baryon-number violation originates from the Standard Model only.
HUBBLE SPACE TELESCOPE WFC3 EARLY RELEASE SCIENCE: EMISSION-LINE GALAXIES FROM INFRARED GRISM OBSERVATIONS

We present grism spectra of emission-line galaxies (ELGs) from 0.6 to 1.6 μm from the Wide Field Camera 3 (WFC3) on the Hubble Space Telescope. These new infrared grism data augment previous optical Advanced Camera for Surveys G800L 0.6–0.95 μm grism data in GOODS-South from the PEARS program, extending the wavelength coverage well past the G800L red cutoff. The Early Release Science (ERS) grism field was observed at a depth of two orbits per grism, yielding spectra of hundreds of faint objects, a subset of which is presented here. ELGs are studied via the Hα, [O iii], and [O ii] emission lines detected in the redshift ranges 0.2 ≲ z ≲ 1.4, 1.2 ≲ z ≲ 2.2, and 2.0 ≲ z ≲ 3.3, respectively, in the G102 (0.8–1.1 μm; R ≃ 210) and G141 (1.1–1.6 μm; R ≃ 130) grisms. The higher spectral resolution afforded by the WFC3 grisms also reveals emission lines not detectable with the G800L grism (e.g., [S ii] and [S iii] lines). From these relatively shallow observations, line luminosities, star formation rates, and grism spectroscopic redshifts are determined for a total of 48 ELGs to mAB(F098M) ≃ 25 mag. Seventeen GOODS-South galaxies that previously only had photometric redshifts now have new grism-spectroscopic redshifts, in some cases with large corrections to the photometric redshifts (Δz ≃ 0.3–0.5). Additionally, one galaxy had no previously measured redshift but now has a secure grism-spectroscopic redshift, for a total of 18 new GOODS-South spectroscopic redshifts. The faintest source in our sample has a magnitude mAB(F098M)= 26.9 mag. The ERS grism data also reflect the expected trend of lower specific star formation rates for the highest mass galaxies in the sample as a function of redshift, consistent with downsizing and discovered previously from large surveys. These results demonstrate the remarkable efficiency and capability of the WFC3 NIR grisms for measuring galaxy properties to faint magnitudes and redshifts to z ≳ 2.