Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Mineral physics of the mantle

The last few years have seen intense interest in the global environment and climate change, and with it an increasing appreciation for the interactions between the atmosphere, biosphere, oceans and the solid earth. In solid earth geophysics, the traditional boundaries between the earth's fluid and solid spheres have been breached by the growing body of evidence that they may physically communicate on a massive scale, that atmospheric constituents, under certain conditions, may be transported to and stored within the deepest parts of the earth. Of course there has for some time been an appreciation for influence of mantle dynamics, the driving force of plate tectonics, volcanism, and seismicity, on surface processes. However, perhaps nothing illustrates the essential connections better than visualizing, now with some experimental and observational support, a tropospheric molecule, transported through sedimentary and tectonic agents 3000 km to the core mantle boundary, only to rise again, perhaps many millions of years later in a volcanic eruption.
A Randomized Clinical Trial Comparing the Effect of Yoga and Thai Massage among Garment Industry Population with Non-Specific Low Back Pain

Background: Low back pain has an enormous societal and economic impact on the working-age population, and a large number of women are affected due to sedentary work environment. Treatment is often delayed as the symptoms are initially unclear and with progressive age, healthy ageing is compromised. Hence the study investigates the effects of the Integrated Approach of Yoga Therapy (IAYT) and Thai Massage (TM) on Non-Specific Low Back Pain (NSLBP). Method: We randomly allocated a total of 52 women employees from an Indian Garment Industry located in South Bangalore, into the IAYT group (n = 26, age 35.46 ± 7.78), and TM group (n = 26, age 34.23 ± 6.67). For the IAYT group, a yoga therapy module for 45 minutes for 5 days a week for 12 weeks was administered and for the TM group, a set of self-stretching exercises combined with Thai self-massage using a back massage stick for the same duration was administered. The assessment was done at baseline and after 12 weeks for both groups on the clinical parameters, back disability, depression, anxiety, stress, pain intensity, and biofield energies using Electro Photonic Imaging (EPI). Results: Statistical analysis was performed using Statistical Package for the Social Sciences, version 20.0 for Windows (SPSS Inc., Chicago, IL, USA). For within-group analysis, the Wilcoxon signed-rank test was used and for between-group analysis, Mann-Whitney U test was used. The IAYT group showed reduced back disability, and pain intensity at (75.24% and 66.92%) respectively, comparatively better than TM at (65.32% and 62.73%) respectively. The IAYT group showed a better improvement in depression, anxiety, and stress at (75.44%, 64.48%, and 63.35%) respectively as compared to the TM group at (55.75%, 57.03%, and 52.31%) respectively with P<0.001. Further, the IAYT group has shown considerable improvement in weight, waist-hip ratio, BMI, respiratory rate and pulse rate at (1.88%, 3.68%, 2.23%, 12.32%, and 4.06%) respectively as compared to TM group at (1.7%, 2.19%, 1.92%, 3.61% and, 1.67%) respectively with P<0.05. In the scores of EPI, the IAYT group demonstrated significant improvement in stress and lumbar spine energy area levels at (13.96%, and 44.02%) respectively as compared to the TM group at (5.42%, and 7.16%) respectively with P<0.05. Conclusions: IAYT seems to work more effectively for nonspecific low back pain than TM for female garment employees.
Sedentary lifestyle and remote working as predisposing factors for cancer development

Introduction and Objective. A sedentary lifestyle and the widespread practice of remote working are becoming increasingly common in society. Reports highlight their association with the development of various diseases, including cancer. The aim of this study was to analyze the available literature and determine the real impact of sedentary lifestyle and engagement in remote working on the development of cancer. Such an analysis is essential as cancer-related diseases are becoming an increasingly serious societal issue. Preventive measures are also presented. The study also presents preventive measures, the implementation of which could potentially minimize the risk of developing these diseases.
Accurate plant species analysis for plant classification using convolutional neural network architecture

Recently, plant identification has become an active trend due to encouraging results achieved in plant species detection and plant classification fields among numerous available plants using deep learning methods. Therefore, plant classification analysis is performed in this work to address the problem of accurate plant species detection in the presence of multiple leaves together, flowers, and noise. Thus, a convolutional neural network based deep feature learning and classification (CNN-DFLC) model is designed to analyze patterns of plant leaves and perform classification using generated fine-grained feature weights. The proposed CNN-DFLC model precisely estimates which the given image belongs to which plant species. Several layers and blocks are utilized to design the proposed CNN-DFLC model. Fine-grained feature weights are obtained using convolutional and pooling layers. The obtained feature maps in training are utilized to predict labels and model performance is tested on the Vietnam plant image (VPN-200) dataset. This dataset consists of a total number of 20,000 images and testing results are achieved in terms of classification accuracy, precision, recall, and other performance metrics. The mean classification accuracy obtained using the proposed CNN-DFLC model is 96.42% considering all 200 classes from the VPN-200 dataset.
Recent benthic foraminiferal distribution and related environmental factors in Ezcurra Inlet, King George Island, Antarctica

Abstract This investigation attempts to determine which environmental parameters of the bottom water and sediment control recent foraminifera fauna at Ezcurra Inlet (King George Island, Antarctica), using data collected during four summers (2002/03, 2003/04, 2004/05 and 2006/07). The study revealed that Ezcurra Inlet contain typical Antarctic foraminifera fauna with three distinct assemblages and few differences in environmental parameters. The species Bolivina pseudopunctata, Fursenkoina fusiformis, Portatrochammina antarctica, and Adercotryma glomerata were abundant in the samples. An elevated abundance, richness and diversity were common at the entrance of the inlet at depths greater than 55 m, where the inlet was characterized by low temperatures and muddy sand. In the inner part of the inlet (depth 30–55 m), richness and diversity were low and the most significant species were Cassidulinoides parkerianus, C. porrectus, and Psammosphaera fusca. Shallow waters showed low values of richness and abundance and high temperatures coupled with coarser sediment. In areas with high suspended matter concentrations and pH values associated with low salinity the most representative species were Hippocrepinella hirudinea and Hemisphaerammina bradyi.
Pollen-based reconstruction of Holocene vegetation and climate in Southern Italy: the case of Lago di Trifoglietti

A high-resolution pollen record from Lago Trifoglietti in Calabria (southern Italy) provides new insights into the paleoenvironmental and palaeoclimatic changes which characterise the Holocene period in the southern Italy. The chronology is based on 11 AMS radiocarbon dates from terrestrial organic material. The Holocene history of the vegetation cover shows the persistence of an important and relatively stable Fagus forest present over that entire period, offering a rare example of a beech woodstand able to withstand climate changes for more than 11 000 yr. Probably in relation with early Holocene dry climate conditions which affected southern Italy, the Trifoglietti pollen record supports a southward delay in thermophyllous forest expansion dated to ca. 13 500 cal BP at Monticchio, ca. 11 000 cal BP at Trifoglietti, and finally ca. 9800 cal BP in Sicily. Regarding the human impact history, the Trifoglietti pollen record shows only poor imprints of agricultural activities and anthopogenic indicators, apart from those indicating pastoralism activities beneath forest cover. The selective exploitation of Abies appears to have been the strongest human impact on the Trifoglietti surroundings. On the basis of (1) a specific ratio between hygrophilous and terrestrial taxa, and (2) the Modern Analogue Technique, the pollen data collected at Lago Trifoglietti led to the establishment of two palaeoclimatic records tracing changes in (1) lake depth and (2) annual precipitation. On a millennial scale, these records give evidence of increasing moisture from ca. 11 000 to ca. 9400 cal BP and maximum humidity from ca. 9400 to ca. 6200 cal BP, prior to a general trend towards the drier climate conditions that have prevailed up to the present. In addition, several successive centennial-scale oscillations appear to have punctuated the entire Holocene. The identification of a cold dry event around 11 300 cal BP, responsible for a marked decline in timberline altitude and possibly equivalent to the PBO, remains to be confirmed by further investigations verifying both chronology and magnitude. Two cold and possibly drier Boreal oscillations developed at ca. 9800 and 9200 cal BP. At Trifoglietti, the 8.2 kyr event corresponds to the onset of cooler and drier climatic conditions which persisted until ca. 7500 cal BP. Finally, the second half of the Holocene was characterised by dry phases at ca. 6100–5200, 4400–3500, and 2500–1800 cal BP, alternating with more humid phases at ca. 5200–4400 and ca. 3500–2500 cal BP. Considered as a whole, these millennial-scale trends and centennial-scale climatic oscillations support contrasting patterns of palaeohydrological changes recognised between the north- and south-central Mediterranean.
Tense and Aspect in Informal Welsh

The author analyses the meanings of the inflections of finite verbs, perfect aspect, and progressive aspect in informal Welsh. The inflections convey factuality, tense, aspect, and habituality. Perfect aspect conveys anterior time or provides a retrospective view. Progressive aspect conveys a durative view of a situation. There are exceptions to the general analyses and various constraints are discussed.
RESIDENTIAL AND TRAVEL MODE CHOICES IN THE DEVELOPING WORLD: A COMPARATIVE STUDY OF ELEVEN DEVELOPING CITIES

Using person-trip survey data collected in eleven developing cities throughout the world, a comparative study is conducted in a comparative manner by elucidating the neighborhood characteristics compiled from the person trip data sets. To do so, data mining strategy is adopted to identify three different neighborhood types, namely, compact, transit-oriented and suburban neighborhoods. To all of the cities, we apply a generic choice model to reveal the underlying factors of modal uses. The study is concluded with a discussion on the inferences as estimation results.
EVIDENCE OF WILDFIRES DURING DEPOSITION OF THE UPPER SILESIAN KEUPER SUCCESSION, SOUTHERN POLAND

Charcoals from the Upper Triassic vertebrate-bearing clays of the Zawiercie area (Upper Silesia, S-Poland) were analyzed using petrographic methods, to reconstruct burning temperatures as well as taphonomic processes. SEM and reflected light microscopy show excellent preservation of charcoals most probable connected with early diagenetic permineralization by calcite. The charcoal was assigned to three morphotypes, probably corresponding to three different fossil taxa. Fusinite reflectance data suggest, that the highest temperature reached above 600 °C (fusinite reflectance of 3.59%), what counterparts to the lower limit crown fire temperature. The values for most of the samples are lower (ca. 1% to 2.5%) what is typical for surface fires. In many cases fusinite reflectance values depends on the measured zone within the sample. Such zonation formed due to charring tem- perature differences. In zones remote from the potential fire source, reflectance values gradually decreases. It implies that calculation of fire temperatures based on average fusinite reflectance values might be too far-reaching simplification. Occurrence of fungal hyphae within the charcoal supports the interpretation of a predomination of surface fire, consuming dead twigs and stems. The low content of micro-charcoals in charcoal-bearing rocks as well as rounded to sub-rounded shapes of large specimens indicates that they were transported after burning, deposited away from the burning area, and fi- nally early diagenetic mineralization.
Generative Adversarial Networks for Augmenting Endoscopy Image Datasets of Stomach Precancerous Lesions: A Review

Gastric cancer (GC) is still a significant public health issue, among the most common and deadly cancers globally. The identification and characterization of precancerous lesions of the stomach using endoscopy are crucial for determining the risk of cancer and guiding appropriate surveillance. In this scenario, deep learning (DL)-based computer vision methods have the potential to help us classify and identify particular patterns in endoscopic images, leading to a more accurate classification of these types of lesions. The quantity and quality of the data used heavily influence the classification performance of DL networks. However, one of the major setbacks for developing high-performance DL classification models is the typical need for more available data in the medical field. This review explores the use of Generative Adversarial Networks (GANs) and classical data augmentation techniques for improving the classification of precancerous stomach lesions. GANs are DL models that have shown promising results in generating synthetic data, which can be used to augment limited medical datasets. This review discusses recent studies that have implemented GANs and classical data augmentation methods to improve the accuracy of cancerous lesion classification. The results indicate that GANs can effectively increase the dataset’s size, enhance the classification models’ performance. In specific applications, such as the augmentation of endoscopic images depicting gastrointestinal polyps and Barrett’s esophagus Adenocarcinoma, our review reveals instances where GANs, including models like Deep Convolutional GANs and conditional GANs, outperform classical data augmentation methods. Furthermore, this review highlights the challenges and limitations of the recent works using GANs and classical data augmentation techniques in medical imaging analysis and proposes directions for future research.
Factors relating to intention of use non-face-to-face services among family caregivers of persons with dementia: A cross-sectional study

Purpose: This study investigated the decision factors influencing the intention to use non-face-to-face services such as online support, social networking, educational programs, and video conferencing among family caregivers of persons with dementia (PwD). Methods: This correlational study uses the Technology Acceptance Model as a decision process model. The study targeted family caregivers registered at local dementia care centers, and data from 284 participants were analyzed. An online questionnaire survey was conducted to obtain general characteristics, perceived usefulness, perceived ease of use, and intention to use non-face-to-face services. Results: The results indicated that perceived ease of use differed according to family caregivers’ age, education level, and relationship with the PwD. Intention to use significantly differed by education level, relationship with the PwD, and caregiving duration. Perceived usefulness and perceived ease of use were the main influential factors in the intention to use non-face-to-face services. The regression model accounted for 63.9% of the variance in the intention to use. Conclusion: This study contributed to understanding the intention to use non-face-to-face services for family caregivers and identified the influencing factors. The results indicate the need to communicate better the usefulness of non-face-to-face service and early information and education about available technologies in helping caregivers prepare to adopt new services.
Recurrent Session Approach to Generative Association Rule based Recommendation

This article introduces a generative association rule (AR)-based recommendation system (RS) using a recurrent neural network approach implemented when a user searches for an item in a browsing session. It is proposed to overcome the limitations of the traditional AR-based RS which implements query-based sessions that are not adaptive to input series, thus failing to generate recommendations. The dataset used is accurate retail transaction data from online stores in Europe. The contribution of the proposed method is a next-item prediction model using LSTM, but what is trained to develop the model is an associative rule string, not a string of items in a purchase transaction. The proposed model predicts the next item generatively, while the traditional method discriminatively. As a result, for an array of items that the user has viewed in a browsing session, the model can always recommend the following items when traditional methods cannot. In addition, the results of user-centered validation of several metrics show that although the level of accuracy (similarity) of recommended products and products seen by users is only 20%, other metrics reach above 70%, such as novelty, diversity, attractiveness and enjoyability.
Significant relationships between drought indicators and impacts for the 2018–2019 drought in Germany

Despite the scientific progress in drought detection and forecasting, it remains challenging to accurately predict the corresponding impact of a drought event. This is due to the complex relationships between (multiple) drought indicators and adverse impacts across different places/hydroclimatic conditions, sectors, and spatiotemporal scales. In this study, we explored these relationships by analyzing the impacts of the severe 2018–2019 central European drought event in Germany. We first computed the standardized precipitation index (SPI), the standardized precipitation evaporation index (SPEI), the standardized soil moisture index (SSMI) and the standardized streamflow index (SSFI) over various accumulation periods, and then related these indicators to sectorial losses from the European drought impact report inventory (EDII) and media sources. To cope with the uncertainty associated with both drought indicators and impact data, we developed a fuzzy method to categorize them. Lastly, we applied the method at the region level (EU NUTS1) by correlating monthly time series. Our findings revealed strong and significant relationships between drought indicators and impacts over different accumulation periods, albeit in some cases region-specific and time-variant. Furthermore, our analysis established the interconnectedness between various sectors, which displayed systematically co-occurring impacts. As such, our work provides a new framework to explore drought indicators-impacts dependencies across space, time, sectors, and scales. In addition, it emphasizes the need to leverage available impact data to better forecast drought impacts.
Airborne measurements during the Arctic Stratospheric Experiment: Observation of O3 and NO2

During winter 1991/92 DOAS (Differential Optical Absorption Spectroscopy) measurements were performed from a C130 Transall aircraft within the framework of the EASOE (European Arctic Stratospheric Ozone Experiment) campaign. The campaign extended from Dec. 1991 until March 1992 with a series of flights in the Arctic (60°W to 60°E, 85°N to 48°N). Two spectrometers were operated on the aircraft: an UV-instrument (see Brandtjen et al., this issue) and a DOAS-vis instrument to detect O3, O4, NO2 and NO3 in the visible band (363 nm–680 nm). The DOAS-vis ozone measurements were largely influenced by the presence of the Mt Pinatubo aerosol cloud. A correction of the data by actual Mie-profiles is described. A NO2 depletion with minimum values of 2.3*1014/cm² in Jan. 92 was observed. Occasionally, OClO could also be detected.
Variabilidade espacial das perdas na colheita mecanizada do algodoeiro com diferentes armações de coleta

In any mechanized operation is the common occurrence of losses, and in the case of the harvest is important that these be quantified in order to minimize them. The work aimed was evaluated the influence of spatial quantitative losses (soil, plants and total) in operation mechanically harvested cotton, using frames with collection areas 1.125 m², 2.25 m² and 4.50 m². Samples were collected in the municipality of Ipameri, GO, on a plot of 1.4 ha, being demarcated 41 points, spaced at 50 mx 9 m. The crop was harvested by a combine harvester John Deere, model 9960, with five lines platform. The samples were collected by placing the frame on the ground, collecting all cotton lying on the ground and then made up the collection that remained in the cotton plant after the passage of the harvester. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics and geostatistics for making the maps. Losses had found large spatial variability, with high indices considered for the mechanical harvesting of cotton, predominantly losses on losses in plants in soil. The frame of 4.50 m² showed the smallest variance and coefficient of variation than the frames of 1.125 and 2.25 m².
Synthesis and Characterization of Side-Chain Liquid-Crystalline Block Copolymers Containing Cyano-Terminated Phenyl Benzoate Moieties

Block copolymers, known for their capacity to undergo microphase separation, spontaneously yield various periodic nanostructures. These precisely controlled nanostructures have attracted considerable interest due to their potential applications in microfabrication templates, conducting films, filter membranes, and other areas. However, it is crucial to acknowledge that microphase-separated structures typically exhibit random alignment, making alignment control a pivotal factor in functional material development. To address this challenge, researchers have explored the use of block copolymers containing liquid-crystalline (LC) polymers, which offer a promising technique for alignment control. The molecular structure and LC behavior of these polymers significantly impact the morphology and alignment of microphase-separated structures. In this study, we synthesized LC diblock copolymers with cyano-terminated phenyl benzoate moieties and evaluated the microphase-separated structures and molecular alignment behaviors. The LC diblock copolymers with a narrow molecular weight distribution were synthesized by atom transfer radical polymerization. Small angle X-ray scattering measurements revealed that the block copolymers exhibit smectic LC phases and form cylinder structures with a lattice period of about 18 nm by microphase separation. The examination of block copolymer films using polarized optical microscopy and polarized UV-visible absorption spectroscopy corroborated that the LC moieties were uniaxially aligned along the alignment treatment direction.