Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Using an Adapted Differential Evolution Algorithm to Generate Flat Optical Frequency Combs

The generation of Optical Frequency Combs (OFC) by a Dual-Parallel Mach-Zehnder Modulator (DPMZM) is discussed. An adapted Differential Evolution (DE) algorithm is proposed in order to identify optimum input parameters for the modulator so that flat OFC can be generated with a certain number of comb lines. OFC with up to 25 lines are simulated and the algorithm results are discussed.
Towards the Development of Mid-Infrared All-Integrated Fiber Laser Systems for Drone-Based Remote Sensing

The mid-infrared (mid-IR) spectrum ($2-20\ \mu\mathrm{m}$)) is attracting significant scientific and technological interest since virtually all molecules have rotational or vibrational absorption lines in this wavelength range. Applications for identifying unknown biological and chemical threats range from molecular trace detection (e.g., airport security screening) to environmental monitoring and remote sensing of chemical warfare agents [1].
Impacts of Vehicle-to-Everything Enabled Applications: Literature Review of Existing Studies

As communication technology is developing at a rapid pace, connected vehicles (CVs) can potentially enhance vehicle safety while reducing vehicle energy consumption and emissions via data sharing. Many researchers have attempted to quantify the impacts of such CV applications and vehicle-to-everything (V2X) communication, or the instant and accurate communication among vehicles, devices, pedestrians, infrastructure, network, cloud, and grid. Cellular V2X (C-V2X) has gained interest as an efficient method for this data sharing. In releases 14 and 15, C-V2X uses 4G LTE technology, and in release 16, it uses the latest 5G new radio (NR) technology. Among its benefits, C-V2X can function even with no network infrastructure coverage; in addition, C-V2X surpasses older technologies in terms of communication range, latency, and data rates. Highly efficient information interchange in a CV environment can provide timely data to enhance the transportation system's capacity, and it can support applications that improve vehicle safety and minimize negative impacts on the environment. Achieving the full benefits of CVs requires rigorous investigation into the effectiveness, strengths, and weaknesses of different CV applications. It also calls for deeper understanding of the communication protocols, results with different CV market penetration rates (MPRs), CV- and human-driven vehicle interactions, integration of multiple applications, and errors and latencies associated with data communication. This paper includes a review of existing literature on the safety, mobility, and environmental impacts of CV applications; gaps in current CV research; and recommended directions for future research. The results of this paper will help shape future research for CV applications to realize their full potential.
Cortical Mechanisms Underlying Immersive Interactive Virtual Walking Treatment for Amelioration of Neuropathic Pain after Spinal Cord Injury: Findings from a Preliminary Investigation of Thalamic Inhibitory Function

Background: Neuropathic pain following spinal cord injury (SCI) affects approximately 60% of individuals with SCI. Effective pharmacological and non-pharmacological treatments remain elusive. We recently demonstrated that our immersive virtual reality walking intervention (VRWalk) may be effective for SCI NP. Additionally, we found that SCI NP may result from a decrease in thalamic γ-aminobutyric-acid (GABA), which disturbs central sensorimotor processing. Objective: While we identified GABAergic changes associated with SCI NP, a critical outstanding question is whether a decrease in SCI NP generated by our VRWalk intervention causes GABA content to rise. Method: A subset of participants (n = 7) of our VRWalk trial underwent magnetic resonance spectroscopy pre- and post-VRWalk intervention to determine if the decrease in SCI NP is associated with an increase in thalamic GABA. Results: The findings revealed a significant increase in thalamic GABA content from pre- to post-VRWalk treatment. Conclusion: While the current findings are preliminary and should be interpreted with caution, pre- to post-VRWalk reductions in SCI NP may be mediated by pre- to post-treatment increases in thalamic GABA by targeting and normalizing maladaptive sensorimotor cortex reorganization. Understanding the underlying mechanisms of pain recovery can serve to validate the efficacy of home-based VR walking treatment as a means of managing pain following SCI. Neuromodulatory interventions aimed at increasing thalamic inhibitory function may provide more effective pain relief than currently available treatments.
Armillaria altimontana in North America: Biology and Ecology

Armillaria altimontana is a fungus (Basidiomycota, Agaricomycetes, Agaricales, and Physalacriaceae) that is generally considered as a weak/opportunistic pathogen or saprophyte on many tree hosts. It widely occurs across the northwestern USA to southern British Columbia, Canada, but relatively little is known about its ecological role in the diverse forest ecosystems where it occurs. This review summarizes the biology and ecology of A. altimontana, including its identification, life cycle, distribution, host associations, and bioclimatic models under climate change.
Spin-wave dynamics in the multi-layered ferromagnetic crescent-shaped nanorod

Since magnonic devices use spin waves they can operate at high frequencies with low-energy consumption, so they have the potential to be more efficient than CMOS devices. Thus, the study of the influence of the magnetic field on ferromagnetic nanostructures with different geometries is crucial for the development of modern technologies, in planar and particularly in the area of 3D-magnonic circuits, where geometric constraints create an intricate relationship between the fields of demagnetization, exchange, and bias fields. Our numerical research on single and bi-layered crescent-shaped nanorods (CSNs) in dependence on the magnetic field has revealed several exciting conclusions. In particular, we show that CSNs offer a rich spectrum of spin waves with frequencies, intensities of modes, and hybridizations between them strongly dependent on field magnitude and orientation. This makes them of great importance for future research and applications.
Modelling the spatial variability of accumulation across ice rises in Dronning Maud Land, Antarctica

During two field campaigns (austral summer of 2008 and 2010), we collected radar data across two ice rises within the ice shelf in Dronning Maud Land (Antarctica), i.e. the FranKenny ice rise (promontory still connected to the main ice sheet) and the Derwael Ice Rise, using both 5 and 2 MHz radar system. Moreover, during the 2010 season, a number of profiles were carried out with a highfrequency radar (400 MHz), penetrating to depths of 10m from the surface. Besides the bed reflection, a number of internal radar reflection layers could be identified from the low-frequency radar data across both ice rises. These layers show a remarkable variability in layer depth at both sides of the dome, pointing to a variability in surface accumulation rates. Based on several numerical ice sheet models of different complexity (Nye time scale, shallowice sheet models), we modelled the geometry of several identified layers either close to the surface and/or further down. Local accumulation rates were obtained through inverse modelling. Results show that accumulation rate varies with more than 40 % across the ridges. Although the precise reason of this variation is still unknown, the distribution seems closely related with katabatic wind redistribution.
The influence of cleats model on predisposing factors for lateral ankle sprain and on the performance of soccer players in artificial grass.

Introducao: As chuteiras tem sofrido, ao longo dos anos, alteracoes estruturais de modo a lidar com as exigencias do futebol nos diferentes terrenos de jogo. Apesar do reconhecimento da sua capacidade para influenciar o risco de lesao de algumas condicoes patologicas e a performance, a sua interacao com o terreno de jogo no risco de uma das lesoes mais prevalentes no futebol - entorse do tornozelo - tem sido pouco explorada, merecendo mais atencao. Objetivos: Estudar a influencia de diferentes modelos de chuteiras no risco de entorse lateral do tornozelo e performance de futebolistas com e sem Instabilidade Cronica do Tornozelo (ICT). Metodos: 81 participantes com (n=59) e sem (n=22) historia de entorse do tornozelo foram recrutados para realizar a adaptacao cultural da versao portuguesa do Ankle Instability Instrument para identificar a presenca de ICT (artigo III). Um total de 145 futebolistas nao profissionais (60 com e 85 sem ICT) realizaram o Side Hop Test e o 6-meter Crossover Test com diferentes modelos de chuteiras para avaliar variaveis relacionadas com fatores predisponentes para entorse lateral do tornozelo, bem como com a performance desportiva. Resultados: A evidencia demonstra que o modelo de chuteira Turf e protetivo para lesoes de impacto repetido, enquanto o Soft Ground em relvados artificiais secos/humidos e o modelo Turf em terrenos humidos induzem pior performance (artigo I). Os resultados obtidos na presente tese demonstram: 1) nenhuma diferenca nas variaveis relacionadas com o risco de entorse lateral do tornozelo entre os modelos Turf, Hard e Firm Ground, mesmo apos um protocolo de fadiga dos musculos peroniais (artigo II n=24 saudaveis); nenhuma diferenca na performance entre os modelos Turf, Artificial Grass, Hard e Firm Ground (n=19 saudaveis; n=20 ICT, artigo IV); 3) que o modelo Artificial Grass conduziu a uma ativacao mais precoce do longo peronial em relacao ao modelo Turf no grupo com ICT. Este grupo apresentou uma ativacao do longo peronial mais tardia com o modelo Turf em comparacao com os participantes saudaveis (n=42 saudaveis, n=40 ICT, artigo V). Conclusao: Os modelos autorizados para uso em relvado artificial parecem nao influenciar a performance durante mudancas de direcao com saltos associados, tanto em saudaveis, quanto em atletas com ICT. Contrariamente ao modelo Turf, o modelo Artificial Grass parece ser protetor para entorses laterais do tornozelo em individuos com ICT.
Telesimulation for the Training of Medical Students in Neonatal Resuscitation

Background: Telesimulation may be an alternative to face-to-face simulation-based training. Therefore, we investigated the effect of a single telesimulation training in inexperienced providers. Methods: First-year medical students were recruited for this prospective observational study. Participants received a low-fidelity mannequin and medical equipment for training purposes. The one-hour telesimulation session was delivered by an experienced trainer and broadcast via a video conference tool, covering all elements of the neonatal resuscitation algorithm. After the telesimulation training, each student underwent a standardized simulated scenario at our Clinical Skills Center. Performance was video-recorded and evaluated by a single neonatologist, using a composite score (maximum: 10 points). Pre- and post-training knowledge was assessed using a 20-question questionnaire. Results: Seven telesimulation sessions were held, with a total of 25 students participating. The median performance score was 6 (5–8). The median time until the first effective ventilation breath was 30.0 s (24.5–41.0) and the median number of effective ventilation breaths out of the first five ventilation attempts was 5 (4–5). Neonatal resuscitation knowledge scores increased significantly. Conclusions: Following a one-hour telesimulation session, students were able to perform most of the initial steps of the neonatal resuscitation algorithm effectively while demonstrating notable mask ventilation skills.
Wall Fracturing Versus Mechanical Instability as Competing Intrusion Mechanisms of Dikes: Insights From Laboratory Experiments

Igneous dike intrusion is a primary crust‐forming process at the Earth's plate boundaries. Understanding its mechanism is thus crucially important in lithospheric studies. Our present article combines experimental and field observations to investigate the problem of dike emplacement from a mechanical perspective. Scaled laboratory experiments were conducted by injecting immiscible liquids into visco‐elastic and visco‐elasto‐plastic host materials at varying volumetric flow rates (VFR = 0.100 to 1.670 ml s−1). Another set of experiments used different injecting liquid–host combinations to set their viscosity ratios (η*) at low (105), moderate (106), and high (109) values. These two lines of experiments allow us to recognize three principal mechanisms of liquid pathways: tensile fracturing of the host, wave instability at the liquid‐host interface, and coupled fracturing‐wave instability process. The three mechanisms give rise to a wide variation in intrusion geometry, ranging from planar structures with elliptical outlines to typical bulbous geometry, with intermediate patterns characterized by in‐plane and off‐plane wavy interfaces with the host. This study uses the experimental data to constrain the VFR conditions that determine the fracturing versus wave instability‐controlled mechanisms. It is also shown from the experiments that η* can significantly influence the evolution of three‐dimensional intrusive geometry. The Chotonagpur Granite Gneiss Complex in eastern India is chosen as a field study area to validate our laboratory findings using a 2D shape analysis of the intrusive boundaries in terms of their fractal dimensions (D) and skewness‐kurtosis estimates.
The Role of Community Engagement and Entrepreneurship in the Sustainability Performance of Social Ventures in South Korea

Social ventures, hybrid enterprises pursuing for-profit business and mission-driven nonprofit goals, have rapidly grown in South Korea owing to local governments’ proactive policies and support. Despite extensive government support, community-based social ventures often fail to sustain themselves due to lacking experience, strategies, and social networks. Informed by stakeholder theory, this study investigates the relationships between social venture strategies and the core dimensions of government-funded, community-based social enterprises’ sustainability performance (economic, human resources management, and social performance). We circulated our online survey among the employees of community-based social start-ups funded by local governments in South Korea. In total, 210 participants completed the survey. The results of structural equation modelling demonstrated that venture entrepreneurship and community engagement are positively associated with all dimensions of sustainability performance, subsequently improving work satisfaction. As community-based social ventures involve diverse stakeholders, organizational members should negotiate complementary or competing values in a holistic picture of all involved parties (e.g., funders, employees, and residents) to pursue sustainability efforts.
Idiosyncratic trends of woodland invertebrate biodiversity in Britain over 45 years

Woodland cover in Britain has increased over the past century and is set to increase further through woodland creation schemes aiming to tackle climate change. Nonetheless, the wider repercussions of increasing woodland cover for species, especially invertebrates, have not been comprehensively assessed. Here, we quantified the woodland associations of 2762 invertebrate species in Britain across 21 broad taxon groups using species occurrence records collected by specialist recording societies. We then related the strength of species' woodland associations to published estimates of their long‐term national distribution trends between 1970 and 2015. Across all taxa, 29% of species were positively associated with broadleaf woodland cover, whereas 27% of species were negatively associated. There was a slight tendency for species associated with broadleaf woodland to have more positive long‐term distribution trends, but the effect had little explanatory power. For 15% of species, we detected a non‐monotonic association with broadleaf woodland cover, such that their occurrence peaked at intermediate levels of cover. Intermediate‐cover species had more positive long‐term distribution trends than species with monotonic positive or negative woodland associations. Our findings suggest that woodland invertebrates have not consistently increased, despite the increases in woodland cover. While some caution is warranted owing to our use of heterogeneous occurrence records, the considerable variation in distribution trends of woodland‐associated species could be explained by the high diversity of woodland species and ways in which they use woodland habitat. Woodland creation, or increasing tree cover in general, could have idiosyncratic impacts on species, depending on how new woodlands are created and managed.
Modeling the Asymmetric Reinsurance Revenues Data using the Partially Autoregressive Time Series Model: Statistical Forecasting and Residuals Analysis

The autoregressive model is a representation of a certain kind of random process in statistics, insurance, signal processing, and econometrics; as such, it is used to describe some time-varying processes in nature, economics and insurance, etc. In this article, a novel version of the autoregressive model is proposed, in the so-called the partially autoregressive (PAR(1)) model. The results of the new approach depended on a new algorithm that we formulated to facilitate the process of statistical prediction in light of the rapid developments in time series models. The new algorithm is based on the values of the autocorrelation and partial autocorrelation functions. The new technique is assessed via re-estimating the actual time series values. Finally, the results of the PAR(1) model is compared with the Holt-Winters model under the Ljung-Box test and its corresponding p-value. A comprehensive analysis for the model residuals is presented. The matrix of the autocorrelation analysis for both points forecasting and interval forecasting are given with its relevant plots.
Analytical Inverse Preisach Model and Its Comparison With Inverse J-A Model in Terms of Accuracy and Computational Efficiency

Inverse hysteresis model with magnetic flux density and magnetic field intensity as input and output respectively is more preferred, compared with the forward one, for resolving the electromagnetic problems of the electrical equipment in terms of magnetic vector potential, or for analyzing the electromagnetic issues of electrical equipment with voltage sources. And an inverse hysteresis model with high accuracy and high computation speed both has broader range of applications. However, the classical Preisach hysteresis model that is well known is formulated with the forward form, and involves the double integration of its distribution function, making it inconvenient and unpractical in the electrical engineering. In this paper, an analytical inverse Preisach model is proposed in this paper for the first time. To derive it, the analytical expressions of permeability for the initial magnetization curve, descending and ascending branches of hysteresis loop are derived using one closed form of Everett integral function. Subsequently the analytical inverse Preisach model is derived by the difference method, considering the reversible magnetization component that classical Preisach model cannot simulate with an odd function analytically. The experiment of one grain oriented silicon steel sample and one non-oriented silicon steel sample, under different magnetic excitation levels is conducted, and the accuracy and efficiency of the proposed analytical inverse Preisach model are confirmed by comparing its simulated hysteresis loops with the experimental ones and that computed with widely used inverse Jiles-Atherton hysteresis model.
Interaction of Blenoxane and Congeners Bleomycins A2 and B2 with Human Plasma Proteins Using Circular Dichroism Spectroscopy

Bleomycin is a glycopeptide congeners’ family of antitumor antibiotics employed for the treatment of several types of tumors such as squamous cell carcinomas and malignant lymphomas. The general chemical structure is constituted by three main portions: (i) a metal binding domain that is recognized to be responsible for the DNA cleavage activity; (ii) a DNA binding domain via the 1-4’ bithiazole moiety; and (iii) a carbohydrate domain thought to be responsible for the accumulation of bleomycin in some cancer cells. To date, a limited number of protein interactions with bleomycin have been studied, but the plasma binding has not yet been determined. Here, we explore this aspect of the protein binding capacity of bleomycin to the two most abundant plasma proteins, human serum albumin (HSA) and α1-acid glycoprotein (AGP), which are known to bind and to be carriers of many drug molecules using spectroscopic techniques, such as circular dichroism, UV-vis absorbance, and fluorescence. The results showed that bleomycin binds to plasma proteins with an order-of-magnitude higher affinity for AGP than HSA. This is particularly important as AGP is an acute phase protein and is overexpressed in cancer patients. This should be taken into consideration as it could affect the therapeutic effect of the bleomycin dosage.
Analytical Modeling of Multiple Co-Existing Inaccuracies in RF Controlling Circuits for Superconducting Quantum Computing

Quantum computers based on spin qubits and superconducting qubits require radio-frequency (RF) electronic circuits to control and read out the state. As the scale of the quantum processors increases, the inaccuracy in the RF circuit becomes an increasingly significant source of nonidealities that impacts the qubit operations. In this article, we propose a closed-form model to characterize the effects of inaccuracies in the controlling RF circuits on the fidelity of single-qubit control operation of superconducting qubits. Different from previous works, our model allows characterization of multiple inaccuracies at the same time, significantly enhancing the guidance capabilities for practical quantum computing hardware design and optimization. In addition, the accuracy of the proposed model is also verified by a quantum-classical co-simulator.
Soil Contamination with Europium Induces Reduced Oxidative Damage in Hordeum vulgare Grown in a CO2-Enriched Environment

The extensive and uncontrolled utilization of rare earth elements, like europium (Eu), could lead to their accumulation in soils and biota. Herein, we investigated the impact of Eu on the growth, photosynthesis, and redox homeostasis in barley and how that could be affected by the future CO2 climate (eCO2). The plants were exposed to 1.09 mmol Eu3+/kg soil under either ambient CO2 (420 ppm, aCO2) or eCO2 (620 ppm). The soil application of Eu induced its accumulation in the plant shoots and caused significant reductions in biomass- and photosynthesis-related parameters, i.e., chlorophyll content, photochemical efficiency of PSII, Rubisco activity, and photosynthesis rate. Further, Eu induced oxidative stress as indicated by higher levels of H2O2 and lipid peroxidation products, and lower ASC/DHA and GSH/GSSG ratios. Interestingly, the co-application of eCO2 significantly reduced the accumulation of Eu in plant tissues. Elevated CO2 reduced the Eu-induced oxidative damage by supporting the antioxidant defense mechanisms, i.e., ROS-scavenging molecules (carotenoids, flavonoids, and polyphenols), enzymes (CAT and peroxidases), and ASC-GSH recycling enzymes (MDHAR and GR). Further, eCO2 improved the metal detoxification capacity by upregulating GST activity. Overall, these results provide the first comprehensive report for Eu-induced oxidative phytotoxicity and how this could be mitigated by eCO2.