Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Multimorbidity and cancer outcomes: a for more research

Cancer incidence increases with age, and about 43% of men and 30% of women aged 65 will develop cancer in their remaining lifetimes.1 The global population is rapidly aging, and by 2030 about 70% of cancer in, for example, the US, will be diagnosed in older patients.2 Fortunately, cancer survival has improved and 5-year survival exceeds 80% for many common cancers.3 As a result of these two complementary trends, the population of cancer survivors is growing at a rate of almost 2% per year.4 As comorbidities accumulate with age, the number of patients with multimorbidity, ie, the coexistence of several chronic diseases, is increasing dramatically.5 In the US, about 80% of Medicare funds are spent on patients with four or more chronic conditions. Multimorbidity is associated with mortality, disability, low functional status, and risks of adverse drug events.6,7 Clinical and epidemiological research on cancer prognosis has mainly focused on cancers in isolation, ignoring the impact of comorbidity and co-medication on the risk of complications and mortality. Comorbidity is a medical condition that exists at the time of diagnosis of the cancer or later, but which is not a consequence of the cancer itself.8 Comorbidity is common in cancer patients, who often have adverse lifestyle factors such as alcohol use, obesity, and smoking, which cause other chronic diseases. Thus, many cancer patients have chronic disorders such as chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, acute myocardial infarction, stroke, metabolic syndrome, and osteoporosis.9–13 With the growing population of elderly patients with cancer and other chronic diseases, modern medicine will need to address multiple medical problems at once, focusing on mortality, treatment complications, quality of life, and implications for screening.7,14 In this issue of Clinical Epidemiology, comprehensive data on the impact of comorbidity and survival in cancer patients are reported. These provide very important insight into the association between multimorbidity and cancer prognoses. These analyses underscore the need for comprehensive, well-designed observational research on comorbidity and cancer. Findings from such types of research can be translated into clinical practice through development, testing, and implementation of intervention strategies designed to minimize the impact of comorbidity and the complications of cancer and its treatment. Such research is urgently needed since many cancer patients with multimorbidity have not benefitted from the recent advances in cancer treatment.
A JET BREAK IN THE X-RAY LIGHT CURVE OF SHORT GRB 111020A: IMPLICATIONS FOR ENERGETICS AND RATES

We present broadband observations of the afterglow and environment of the short GRB 111020A. An extensive X-ray light curve from Swift/XRT, XMM-Newton, and Chandra, spanning ∼100 s to 10 days after the burst, reveals a significant break at δt ≈ 2 days with pre- and post-break decline rates of αX, 1 ≈ −0.78 and αX, 2 ≲ −1.7, respectively. Interpreted as a jet break, we infer a collimated outflow with an opening angle of θj ≈ 3°–8°. The resulting beaming-corrected γ-ray (10–1000 keV band) and blast-wave kinetic energies are (2–3) × 1048 erg and (0.3–2) × 1049 erg, respectively, with the range depending on the unknown redshift of the burst. We report a radio afterglow limit of <39 μJy (3σ) from Expanded Very Large Array observations that, along with our finding that νc < νX, constrains the circumburst density to n0 ∼ 0.01–0.1 cm−3. Optical observations provide an afterglow limit of i ≳ 24.4 mag at 18 hr after the burst and reveal a potential host galaxy with i ≈ 24.3 mag. The subarcsecond localization from Chandra provides a precise offset of 0. ″80 ± 0. ″11 (1σ) from this galaxy corresponding to an offset of 5–7 kpc for z = 0.5–1.5. We find a high excess neutral hydrogen column density of (7.5 ± 2.0) × 1021 cm−2 (z = 0). Our observations demonstrate that a growing fraction of short gamma-ray bursts (GRBs) are collimated, which may lead to a true event rate of ≳ 100–1000 Gpc−3 yr−1, in good agreement with the NS–NS merger rate of ≈200–3000 Gpc−3 yr−1. This consistency is promising for coincident short GRB-gravitational wave searches in the forthcoming era of Advanced LIGO/VIRGO.
Cytotoxic Properties of Oligostilbenoids from the Tree Barks of Hopea dryobalanoides

Abstract A new modified stilbene dimer, diptoindonesin D (1), was isolated from the acetone extract of the tree bark of Hopea dryobalanoides, together with seven known compounds, parviflorol (2), (D)-balanocarpol (3), heimiol A (4), hopeafuran (5), (+)-α-viniferin (6), vaticanol B (7) and (D)-hopeaphenol (8). Cytotoxic properties of compounds 1-8 were evaluated against murine leukemia P-388 cells. Compound 8 was found to be the most active with IC50 of 5.7 μm
Sex guilt and sex myths in college men and women.

Abstract Inventories measuring sex guilt, sex experience, and sex myths were completed anonymously by 87 males and 88 female college students to study the prevalence of sex myths and the relation of belief in sex myths to the level of sex experience and the affective‐cognitive structure of sex guilt. College men endorsed significantly more sex myths than college women. The level of sex experience was not correlated with belief in sex myths. Sex guilt was negatively correlated with level of sex experience and positively correlated with belief in sex myths. High‐sex‐guilt males endorsed myths portraying sex as dangerous, and high‐sex‐guilt females regarded virginity as important. It was concluded that structured sex education and values clarification are needed to complement and amend traditional socialization into hetero‐sexuality.
Sparse Bayesian Learning for Obtaining Sparsity of EEG Frequency Bands Based Feature Vectors in Motor Imagery Classification

Effective common spatial pattern (CSP) feature extraction for motor imagery (MI) electroencephalogram (EEG) recordings usually depends on the filter band selection to a large extent. Subband optimization has been suggested to enhance classification accuracy of MI. Accordingly, this study introduces a new method that implements sparse Bayesian learning of frequency bands (named SBLFB) from EEG for MI classification. CSP features are extracted on a set of signals that are generated by a filter bank with multiple overlapping subbands from raw EEG data. Sparse Bayesian learning is then exploited to implement selection of significant features with a linear discriminant criterion for classification. The effectiveness of SBLFB is demonstrated on the BCI Competition IV IIb dataset, in comparison with several other competing methods. Experimental results indicate that the SBLFB method is promising for development of an effective classifier to improve MI classification.
Pattern Based Analysis of Eai Languages - The Case of the Business Modeling Language

Enterprise Application Integration (EAI) is a challenging area that is attracting growing attention from the software industry and the research community. A landscape of languages and techniques for EAI has emerged and is continuously being enriched with new proposals from different software vendors and coalitions. However, little or no effort has been dedicated to systematically evaluate and compare these languages and techniques. The work reported in this paper is a first step in this direction. It presents an in-depth analysis of a language, namely the Business Modeling Language, specifically developed for EAI. The framework used for this analysis is based on a number of workflow and communication patterns. This framework provides a basis for evaluating the advantages and drawbacks of EAI languages with respect to recurrent problems and situations.
Public Conceptions and Images of the European Union: The Case of Slovenia

The intention of this article is to show the way the conceptions and perceptions of (Western) Europe and the European Union (EU) are constructed and articulated by general public opinion as well as by political parties and intellectual circles in Slovenia as a candidate country for the accession into the EU. It is also discussed how the images concerning reference countries and the future position in the integration process are connected with the process of formation of national selfunderstanding and identity. Some elements of so-called Euro-realism which is the common denominator of prevailing European orientation are outlined and explained.
The Flexible Unity of Economics1

In an increasingly knowledge-based global environment, American-style economics may be an especially important form of expertise to understand. Existing studies of the discipline present something of a paradox, however, as some suggest that economic discourse is a logically unified and powerful promarket ideology, while others indicate that in practice it is quite fragmented and constrained. A series of 52 interviews with economists working in various jobs is used to reveal a possible way out of this paradox by highlighting three basic features of economic expertise: cognitive and practical framing via a “core” of relatively simple ideas and techniques, great flexibility in results due to various available “subframes,” and dependence of the selection of subframes on local institutional contexts. These underlying features potentially explain how the unified academic discourse of economics produces a variety of outcomes and maybe even plays a range of quite different social roles in different situations.
Political Belonging in a Neoliberal Era: The Struggle of the Sans-Papiers

This article argues that political belonging should be understood in the context of diverse spatial imaginaries which encompass but are not confined to the state. Engin Isin's approach to citizenship provides a theoretical grounding for this claim. By way of demonstration, the article focuses on the spatially reconfigured practices of the neoliberal state in relation to irregular migration. It shows how the policing of irregular migration sustains a logic of political belonging based on connections between state, citizen and territory. This logic is simultaneously compromised by transnational state practices including the exploitation of irregular migrant labour. Irregular migrants are contesting their positioning within these multidimensional statist frameworks that posit them as outsiders even while they are integrated into local sites of a global political economy. The struggle of the Sans-Papiers, a collective of irregular migrants in France, provides an example in this context. Their claims to entitlement also mobilize multiple dimensions of political belonging and provide insight into transitions in political community, identity and practice.
An Exploration of Mood and Learning

Mood, considered as the over-all meaning of an individual's existence at a particular time, is related to psychotherapeutic training and to learning in general. Mood involves the direct reference of the experiencing person to the world. This direct reference contrasts to the objective view of experience in which the world is given in a mediated manner to the individual. Certain essential aspects of mood itself, the psychotherapeutic mood, and the mood of learning are developed.
"The Pale Cast of Thought": On the Dilemma of Thinking and Action

In his <span style="text-decoration:underline;" xmlns:m="http://www.w3. org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3. org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3. org/1999/xlink">Theses on Feuerbach</span>, Karl Marx famously formulated the principle of a philosophy of revolutionary action that the point is to <span style="text-decoration:underline;" xmlns:m="http://www.w3. org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3. org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3. org/1999/xlink">change</span> the world, not to <span style="text-decoration:underline;" xmlns:m="http://www.w3. org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3. org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3. org/1999/xlink">interpret</span> it. The critique of pure thinking and philosophizing has a long tradition in philosophical thinking itself, and the problem of hasty action without thinking through possible consequences and implications can be equally futile and even dangerous. Thus we face the dilemma of thinking and action, interpretation and its rivals. By looking into a variety of exemplary cases, including a Monty Python episode, Shakespeare’s <span style="text-decoration:underline;" xmlns:m="http://www.w3. org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3. org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3. org/1999/xlink">Hamlet</span>, and Tom Stoppard’s play <span style="text-decoration:underline;" xmlns:m="http://www.w3. org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3. org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3. org/1999/xlink">Professional Foul</span>, this essay explores the different aspects of this dilemma and offers comments on the pros and cons of the various positions in the debate. In the final analysis, the opposition of thinking and action is found to be mutually implicated, not a rigid dichotomy.
RTLB-DSR: A load-balancing DSR based QoS routing protocol in MANETs

Providing the Quality of Service in Mobile Ad Hoc Networks (MANETs) is not straightforward due to the unstable wireless link, restricted capacity and irregular availability. It has been shown that the shortest path routing does not lead to a balanced load distribution among nodes. Instead, it offers a heavier load to the central nodes which may lead to an increase in the probability of congestion and energy exhaustion in these nodes. In this paper, we present Real-Time Load Balancing Dynamic Source Routing (RTLB-DSR), a DSR-based load-balanced routing that provides Quality of Service in the network through a differentiating service method among best effort and real-time flows. Simulation results show that Quality of Service metrics, such as end-to-end delay, packet lost, and jitter, are improved through the proposed routing algorithm.
Making Personal Digital Assistants Aware of What They Do Not Know

Personal digital assistants (PDAs) are spoken (and typed) dialog systems that are expected to assist users without being constrained to a particular domain. Typically, it is possible to construct deep multi-domain dialog systems focused on a narrow set of head domains. For the long tail (or when the speech recognition is not correct) the PDA does not know what to do. Two common fallback approaches are to either acknowledge its limitation or show web search results. Either approach can severely undermine the user’s trust in the PDA’s intelligence if invoked at the wrong time. In this paper, we propose features that are helpful in predicting the right fallback response. We then use these features to construct dialog policies such that the PDA is able to correctly decide between invoking web search or acknowledging its limitation. We evaluate these dialog policies on real user logs gathered from a PDA, deployed to millions of users, using both offline (judged) and online (user-click) metrics. We demonstrate that our hybrid dialog policy significantly increases the accuracy of choosing the correct response, measured by analyzing click-rate in logs, and also enhances user satisfaction, measured by human evaluations of the replayed experience.
Improving IP accounting for secure border routers

Today, security is a major issue in design and operation of computer networks. To reduce a network’s vulnerability, the effort should not be restricted to a firewall as a single point of network traffic control. Only multi-layered security models can effectively protect a network. Thus, a border router with proper access control embodies the outermost security layer. Unfortunately, the rejection of potentially harmful packages can have a negative impact on traffic accounting mechanisms applied on a border router that has been secured this way. In this paper we discuss the state of the art for both access control and traffic accounting techniques. We show that one cannot solely trust current accounting mechanisms because they often suffer from inadequate accuracy and that this problem becomes even worse in secure environments with consequently applied access control. We confirm this statement with an experiment using Cisco’s accounting technologies IP Accounting and NetFlow. Going on, we demand a better traffic measurement to meet the security requirements in future network operations and make a first proposal to enhance NetFlow in this direction.
Localism and its neoliberal application: A case study of West Gate New Deal for Communities in Newcastle upon Tyne, UK

The New Labour Government's New Deal for Communities attempts to stitch neoliberal urban policy onto Area Based Initiatives that involve the local community. In Newcastle upon Tyne, this combination resulted in several fault-lines and considerable local conflict. The local community was not adequately represented, because there was not one. The locus of power was not in the community but in the partner agencies. Thus the most obvious community was that of community regeneration professionals in these partner agencies, who have an ideological and material interest in representing the fact that there is a community for which they act.
To Be or Not Be? The Influence of Dissociative Reference Groups on Consumer Preferences

The current research explores the effects of dissociative reference groups on consumer preferences. Males had more negative evaluations of, and were less inclined to choose, a product associated with a dissociative (i.e., female) reference group than a neutral product (Study 1). This finding was moderated by whether the product was consumed in public or private (Study 2) and public self-consciousness (Study 3). We suggest the mechanism underlying our effects is a desire to present a positive self-image to others. The role of dissociative reference groups in marketing communications is discussed.
Understanding Widespread Changes: A Taxonomic Study

Many active research studies in software engineering, such as detection of recurring bug fixes, detection of copy-and-paste bugs, and automated program transformation tools, are motivated by the assumption that many code changes (e.g., changing an identifier name) in software systems are widespread to many locations and are similar to one another. However, there is no study so far that actually analyzes widespread changes in software systems. Understanding the nature of widespread changes could empirically support the assumption, which provides insight to improve the research studies and related tools. Our study in this paper addresses such a need. We propose a semi-automated approach that recovers code changes involving widespread changes in software systems. We further manually analyze more than nine hundred widespread changes recovered from eight software systems and categorize them into 11 families. These widespread changes and their associated families help us understand better why these widespread changes are made.
Neuron number and size in prefrontal cortex of children with autism.

CONTEXT Autism often involves early brain overgrowth, including the prefrontal cortex (PFC). Although prefrontal abnormality has been theorized to underlie some autistic symptoms, the cellular defects that cause abnormal overgrowth remain unknown. OBJECTIVE To investigate whether early brain overgrowth in children with autism involves excess neuron numbers in the PFC. DESIGN, SETTING, AND CASES: Postmortem prefrontal tissue from 7 autistic and 6 control male children aged 2 to 16 years was examined by expert anatomists who were blinded to diagnostic status. Number and size of neurons were quantified using stereological methods within the dorsolateral (DL-PFC) and mesial (M-PFC) subdivisions of the PFC. Cases were from the eastern and southeastern United States and died between 2000 and 2006. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Mean neuron number and size in the DL-PFC and M-PFC were compared between autistic and control postmortem cases. Correlations of neuron number with deviation in brain weight from normative values for age were also performed. RESULTS Children with autism had 67% more neurons in the PFC (mean, 1.94 billion; 95% CI, 1.57-2.31) compared with control children (1.16 billion; 95% CI, 0.90-1.42; P = .002), including 79% more in DL-PFC (1.57 billion; 95% CI, 1.20-1.94 in autism cases vs 0.88 billion; 95% CI, 0.66-1.10 in controls; P = .003) and 29% more in M-PFC (0.36 billion; 95% CI, 0.33-0.40 in autism cases vs 0.28 billion; 95% CI, 0.23-0.34 in controls; P = .009). Brain weight in the autistic cases differed from normative mean weight for age by a mean of 17.6% (95% CI, 10.2%-25.0%; P = .001), while brains in controls differed by a mean of 0.2% (95% CI, -8.7% to 9.1%; P = .96). Plots of counts by weight showed autistic children had both greater total prefrontal neuron counts and brain weight for age than control children. CONCLUSION In this small preliminary study, brain overgrowth in males with autism involved an abnormal excess number of neurons in the PFC.
Processing Queries Over Generalization Hierarchies in a Multidatabase System

An important task of multidatabase systems is the integration of existing databases. Database Integration is achieved primarily through the use of generalization. Hence, it is important to develop good tactics for processing queries over generalization hierarchies. This paper defines the class of conjunctive generalization queries, and it describes four tactics for processing those queries that have boon developed for the MDLTIDASE system. Since query processing tactics are best describe algebraically, the paper shows how to model generalization as a sequence of algebraic operations. Three of the tactics described here are adapted from convontional distributed query processing techniqaes. However, it is argued that these tactics are of limited applicability to processing queries over generalization hierarchies. A fourth tactic, semioutorjoin, which is more widely applicable. is introduced. This research was jointly supported by the Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency of the Department of Defense and the Naval Electronic Systems Command and was monitored by the Naval Electronic Systems Command under Contract No. NOOO39-82-C-0226. The views and conclusions contained in this document are those of the authors and should not be interpreted as necessarily representing the official policies, oithor expressed or implied, of the DARPA, NAVPLEX, or the U.S. Government.
A Suggestion for a Fast Multiplier

will be less than Cnt+1(t+1)! but may be space into which the latter may be divided multiplier into twenty 2-bit segments. He (and usually will be) more than (t+2)! by a maximum possible number of mutual then develops an adder tree to sum this set When t= 1 the maximum number of regions intersections of n t-flats. In general, q will be of twenty entries. He then shows that a tree will be dependent on both t and n. It is first shown of nineteen adders (I believe twenty are