Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Analysis of the PeerRank Method for Peer Grading

Advisors: Matthew Anderson & William Zwicker Peer grading can have many benefits in education, including a reduction in the time instructors spend grading and an opportunity for students to learn through their analysis of others work. However, when not handled properly, peer grading can be unreliable and may result in grades that are vastly different from those which a student truly deserves. Therefore, any peer grading system used in a classroom must consider the potential for graders to generate inaccurate grades. One such system is the PeerRank rule proposed by Toby Walsh [11], which uses an iterative, linear algebra based process reminiscent of the Google PageRank algorithm [6] in order to produce grades by weighting the peer grades with the graders accuracies. However, this system has certain properties which make it less than ideal for peer grading in the classroom. We propose a modification of PeerRank that attempts to make the system more applicable in a classroom environment by incorporating the concept of “ground truth” to provide a basis for accuracy. We then perform a series of experiments to compare the accuracy of our method to that of PeerRank. We conclude that, in cases where a grader’s accuracy in grading others is a reflection of their own grade, our method produces grades with a similar accuracy to PeerRank. However, in cases where a grader’s accuracy and grade are unrelated, our method performs more accurately than PeerRank.
PATTERNS OF INFORMATION SEEKING ON THE WEB: A QUALITATIVE STUDY OF DOMAIN EXPERTISE AND WEB EXPERTISE

This research examines the pattern of Web information seeking in four groups of nurses with different combinations of domain expertise and Web expertise. Protocols were gathered as the nurses carried out information-seeking tasks in the domain of osteoporosis. Domain and Web novices searched breadth-first and did little or no evaluation of the results. Domain expert/Web novices also searched breadth-first but evaluated information more thoroughly using osteoporosis knowledge. Domain novice/Web experts searched in a mixed, breadth-first/depth-first pattern and attempted to evaluate information using general criteria. Domain expert/Web experts carried out depth-first searches, following deep trails of information and evaluated information based on the most varied and sophisticated criteria. The results suggest that there are distinct differences in searching patterns related to expertise. Implications of these findings and suggestions for future research are provided.
Learning about preferences and common behaviours of the user in an intelligent environment

Intelligent Environments are supposed to act proactively anticipating user’s needs and preferences in order to support people in their daily lives. Therefore, the capability of an Intelligent Environment to learn user’s habits and common behaviours becomes an important step towards allowing an environment to provide such personalized services. In this chapter, we use two scenarios, we highlight the opportunities given by learned patterns in order to interpret and understand the habits of the user which allows to automate services in an environment for the benefit of its user. We propose a system which learns user’s patterns of behaviour and an interaction system, based on speech recognition, which facilitates the use of such patterns in real applications.
Rectilinear Trees under Rotation and Related Problems [ Extended

We onsider the problem of nding a minimum spanning tree for a set of points in the plane where the orientations of edges are restri ted to uniformly distributed orientations, = 2; 3; 4; : : :, and where the oordinate system an be rotated around the origo by an arbitrary angle. The most important ase with appli ations in VLSI design arises when = 2; in this, soalled re tilinear ase, the edges have to be parallel with the xor y-axis. We suggest a straightforward algorithm to solve this problem. We also dis uss how to solve the re tilinear Steiner tree problem in the rotational setting. Finally, we provide some omputational results indi ating the average savings for di erent values of n and both for spanning and Steiner trees.
On the time a Markov chain spends in a lumped state

The sojourn time that a Markov chain spends in a subset E of its state space has a distribution that depends on the hitting distribution on E and the probabilities (resp. rates in the continuous-time case) that govern the transitions within E. In this note we characterise the set of all hitting distributions for which the sojourn time distribution is geometric (resp. exponential).
Selective replication: A lightweight technique for soft errors

Soft errors are an important challenge in contemporary microprocessors. Modern processors have caches and large memory arrays protected by parity or error detection and correction codes. However, today's failure rate is dominated by flip flops, latches, and the increasing sensitivity of combinational logic to particle strikes. Moreover, as Chip Multi-Processors (CMPs) become ubiquitous, meeting the FIT budget for new designs is becoming a major challenge. Solutions based on replicating threads have been explored deeply; however, their high cost in performance and energy make them unsuitable for current designs. Moreover, our studies based on a typical configuration for a modern processor show that focusing on the top 5 most vulnerable structures can provide up to 70% reduction in FIT rate. Therefore, full replication may overprotect the chip by reducing the FIT much below budget. We propose Selective Replication, a lightweight-reconfigurable mechanism that achieves a high FIT reduction by protecting the most vulnerable instructions with minimal performance and energy impact. Low performance degradation is achieved by not requiring additional issue slots and reissuing instructions only during the time window between when they are retirable and they actually retire. Coverage can be reconfigured online by replicating only a subset of the instructions (the most vulnerable ones). Instructions' vulnerability is estimated based on the area they occupy and the time they spend in the issue queue. By changing the vulnerability threshold, we can adjust the trade-off between coverage and performance loss. Results for an out-of-order processor configured similarly to Intel® Core#8482; Micro-Architecture show that our scheme can achieve over 65% FIT reduction with less than 4% performance degradation with small area and complexity overhead.
Rational Control of Multi-level Stochastic Design

Search in a complex design space (e.g. in VLSI design) is only feasible when it is factored into smaller ones. A common and useful factoring is the hierarchy of abstraction. Such problems are then attacked by linking together stochastic search programs. At each point in the design process it is necessary to choose whether to continue looking for a better design at the current level, or working further on some design at a higher or lower level. We present a rational, i.e. utility-based, method for this choice, together with some experiments in the domain of VLSI placement and routing.
How do coethnic communities matter for educational attainment? A comparative analysis of the United States and Canada

The United States and Canada represent two of the largest immigrant-receiving countries. Although both countries have long histories of receiving immigrants, they are viewed differently in their abilities to integrate immigrants and their children. A popular and reoccurring narrative is Canada’s greater ability to integrate immigrants and their children compared with the United States. One possible explanation is that coethnic communities in Canada are more visible and supported by government funding than coethnic communities in the United States, which may differentially affect the outcomes of immigrants’ children in the two countries. Using nationally representative data from the Sensitive General Social Survey and Ethnic Diversity Survey, this study examines the effects of coethnic community, national origin group, and individual characteristics on educational attainment in the United States and Canada. This study utilizes differences in coethnic community and national origin group effects to understand institutional differences between the two countries. In particular, it finds that coethnic community education has a positive effect in both countries, but the effects for coethnic community income and educational selectivity differ. This study suggests that differences in coethnic community income and educational selectivity may be due to differences in immigration policy, which shape the types of settlement challenges and sources of support that immigrants and their children encounter upon arrival.
Coronary computed tomography angiography with model-based iterative reconstruction using a radiation exposure similar to chest X-ray examination

Aims To evaluate the feasibility and image quality of coronary computed tomography angiography (CCTA) acquisition with a submillisievert fraction of effective radiation dose using model-based iterative reconstruction (MBIR) for noise reduction. Methods and results In 42 patients undergoing standard low-dose (100–120 kV; 450–700 mA) and additional ultra-low-dose CCTA (80–100 kV; 150–210 mA) reconstructed with MBIR, segmental image quality was graded on a four-point scale [(i): non-evaluative, (ii): good, (iii): adequate, and (iv): excellent]. Signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) was calculated dividing left main artery (LMA) and right coronary artery (RCA) attenuation by the aortic root noise. Over a wide range of body mass index (18–40 kg/m2), the estimated median radiation dose exposure was 1.19 mSv [interquartile range (IQR): 1.07–1.30 mSv] for standard and 0.21 mSv (IQR: 0.18–0.23 mSv) for ultra-low-dose CCTA (P < 0.001). The median image quality score per segment was 3.5 (IQR: 3.0–4.0) in standard CCTA vs. 3.5 (IQR: 2.5–4.0) in ultra-low dose with MBIR (P = 0.29). Diagnostic image quality (scores 2–4) was found in 98.7 vs. 97.8% coronary segments (P = 0.36). Introduction of MBIR for ultra-low-dose CCTA resulted in a significant increase in SNR (P < 0.001) for LMA (from 15 ± 5 to 29 ± 7) and RCA (from 14 ± 4 to 27 ± 6) despite 82% dose reduction. Conclusion Coronary computed tomography angiography acquisition with diagnostic image quality is feasible at an ultra-low radiation dose of 0.21 mSv, e.g. in the range reported for a postero-anterior and lateral chest X-ray.
Numerical methods for the 2nd moment of stochastic ODEs

Numerical methods for stochastic ordinary differential equations typically estimate moments of the solution from sampled paths. Instead, in this paper we directly target the deterministic equation satisfied by the first and second moments. For the canonical examples with additive noise (Ornstein-Uhlenbeck process) or multiplicative noise (geometric Brownian motion) we derive these deterministic equations in variational form and discuss their well-posedness in detail. Notably, the second moment equation in the multiplicative case is naturally posed on projective-injective tensor products as trial-test spaces. We propose Petrov-Galerkin discretizations based on tensor product piecewise polynomials and analyze their stability and convergence in the natural norms.
Long-Term Clinical Profile of Children With the Low-Penetrance R92Q Mutation of the TNFRSF1A Gene

Objective To analyze the long-term impact of the R92Q mutation of TNFRSF1A in children with periodic fever, in comparison with children with tumor necrosis factor receptor–associated periodic syndrome (TRAPS) with TNFRSF1A structural mutations and children with periodic fever of unknown origin fulfilling the criteria for periodic fever, aphthosis, pharyngitis, and adenitis syndrome (PFAPA). Methods The extracellular region of TNFRSF1A was analyzed in 720 consecutive children with periodic fever, using denaturing high-performance liquid chromatography and DNA sequencing. Followup data on 11 pediatric patients with TNFRSF1A structural mutations (cysteine or T50M), 23 pediatric patients with an R92Q substitution, and 64 pediatric patients with PFAPA were collected during routine clinic visits. The 50-item Child Health Questionnaire was used to assess health-related quality of life (HRQOL). Results The frequency of typical TRAPS-related clinical manifestations was significantly lower and the impact of the disease on HRQOL was significantly reduced in patients with the R92Q mutation compared with TRAPS patients carrying structural mutations of TNFRSF1A. Followup data on 11 TRAPS patients with TNFRSF1A structural mutations (mean followup 7.9 years), 16 patients with theR92Q substitution (mean followup 7.3 years), and 64 patients with PFAPA (mean followup 5.2 years) were available. Patients with R92Q mutations and patients with PFAPA displayed a higher rate of self-resolution or amelioration of the fever episodes than did TRAPS patients with structural mutations. Conclusion Although some cases may progress to a more chronic disease course, the majority of children with an R92Q mutation of the TNFRSFA1 gene show a milder disease course than that in children with TNFRSFA1 structural mutations and have a high rate of spontaneous resolution and amelioration of the recurrent fever episodes.
Enabling Transactional File Access via Lightweight Kernel Extensions

Transactions offer a powerful data-access method used in many databases today trough a specialized query API. User applications, however, use a different file-access API (POSIX) which does not offer transactional guarantees. Applications using transactions can become simpler, smaller, easier to develop and maintain, more reliable, and more secure. We explored several techniques how to provide transactional file access with minimal impact on existing programs. Our first prototype was a standalone kernel component within the Linux kernel, but it complicated the kernel considerably and duplicated some of Linux's existing facilities. Our second prototype was all in user level, and while it was easier to develop, it suffered from high overheads. In this paper we describe our latest prototype and the evolution that led to it. We implemented a transactional file API inside the Linux kernel which integrates easily and seamlessly with existing kernel facilities. This design is easier to maintain, simpler to integrate into existing OSs, and efficient. We evaluated our prototype and other systems under a variety of workloads. We demonstrate that our prototype's performance is better than comparable systems and comes close to the theoretical lower bound for a log-based transaction manager.
Mechanics of carbon nanotubes

Soon after the discovery of carbon nanotubes, it was realized that the theoretically predicted mechanical properties of these interesting structures--including high strength, high stiffness, low density and structural perfection--could make them ideal for a wealth of technological applications. The experimental verification, and in some cases refutation, of these predictions, along with a number of computer simulation methods applied to their modeling, has led over the past decade to an improved but by no means complete understanding of the mechanics of carbon nanotubes. We review the theoretical predictions and discuss the experimental techniques that are most often used for the challenging tasks of visualizing and manipulating these tiny structures. We also outline the computational approaches that have been taken, including ab initio quantum mechanical simulations, classical molecular dynamics, and continuum models. The development of multiscale and multiphysics models and simulation tools naturally arises as a result of the link between basic scientific research and engineering application; while this issue is still under intensive study, we present here some of the approaches to this topic. Our concentration throughout is on the exploration of mechanical properties such as Young's modulus, bending stiffness, buckling criteria, and tensile and compressive strengths. Finally, we discuss several examples of exciting applications that take advantage of these properties, including nanoropes, filled nanotubes, nanoelectromechanical systems, nanosensors, and nanotube-reinforced polymers. This review article cites 349 references.
Use of improved sources of drinking-water in rural areas Use of improved sources of drinking-water in urban areas

Latin America and the Caribbean (LAC) is home of 31% of the world’s freshwater resources1. Proclaimed a human right in July 2010 under the Un Decision 64/292 and recognized in the constitutions of some LAC countries, the availability of clean water in sufficient quantities and quality is essential to human dignity and quality of life. It is also a critical service supporting poverty alleviation. Effective water management policies that improve the efficient use of water resources fairly and sustainably among competing users, need to be applied so as to achieve the goals set by paragraph 26(c) of the Johannesburg Plan of Implementation.
Optimal component architecture using particle swarm optimization algorithm for self-adaptive software architecture

The component-based software engineering (CBSE) ensue the procedure of reconfiguration and reusability of components to reap the higher productivity. The context-aware structures are portion of CBSE, which observes the functionality of the system and adopt automatically according to the execution context. In this paper, we are focusing on the aware context guidelines that automatically adapt to the given context given by the customers and remodel the software architecture based totally on the requirements. The component repository turned into added, in which it carries the wide variety of reusable components. The fuzzy logic becomes carried out to the component evaluation in the component repository. The Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) algorithm applied, to optimize component architecture. The Hospital management system is used to test the adaptability of the system.
Modified research on RFID-oriented ECC point multiplication over GF(2m) field

In elliptic curve algorithm, point multiplication is the most core part. Its efficiency determines the execution efficiency of the algorithm. RFID label belongs to resource-constrained device, and it has strict requirement to hardware resource occupied by algorithm execution. Combined with the characteristics of RFID device, the paper modifies modular multiplication, modular inverse algorithm and applies overall serial and part parallel method to redesign algorithm execution structure and realizes it over FPGA. The result indicates that the algorithm compromises on the occupied area and execution speed, so it's suitable for RFID device.
Morphsyntax Learning through Story Telling using Character Fairy Tales on Early Childhood Education in Banjarmasin

This study was based on the results of observations on the early childhood education of children aged four to five years who need to gain experience in the language learning, namely through morphosyntax. This study aimed to assess the morphosyntax learning through the storytelling using character fairy tales in early childhood education (PAUD) in Banjarmasin. The research method used was a descriptive qualitative method. This method was appropriately used since the implementation of morphosyntax learning occurs naturally, as the way it is, and in a normal situation according to the circumstances and conditions of early childhood children in Banjarmasin. The research data were in the form of utterances of words, phrases, clauses, and sentences from 132 children aged 4-5. The learning activities were done through the storytelling of 15 pieces of character fairy tales. The data were collected from 2015-2016 through participant observation using guided observation guide. The data analysis techniques include 1) data analysis, 2) data presentation, 3) verification, and 4) inference/conclusion. The results showed the data in the form of monomorphemic words, the use of affixes. The phrases found were in the form of a noun phrase, verb phrase, adjective phrase, numerals phrase, prepositional phrase, adverbial phrase, the pronoun phrase, ecocentric phrases, and coordinative phrases. The clauses which were found consisted of noun clause, verb clause and adverb clause. Furthermore, the sentences found were simple sentence and compound sentence Keywords—morphosyntax; fairy tales; children's early childhood
SYMBOLIC DYNAMICS AND THE CATEGORY OF GRAPHS

Symbolic dynamics is partly the study of walks in a directed graph. By a walk, here we mean a morphism to the graph from the Cayley graph of the monoid of non-negative integers. Sets of these walks are also important in other areas, such as stochastic processes, automata, combinatorial group theory, C -algebras, etc. We put a Quillen model structure on the category of directed graphs, for which the weak equivalences are those graph morphisms which induce bijections on the set of walks. We determine the resulting homotopy category. We also introduce a "finite-level" homotopy category which respects the natural topology on the set of walks. To each graph we associate a basal graph, well defined up to isomorphism. We show that the basal graph is a homotopy invariant for our model structure, and that it is a finer invariant than the zeta series of a finite graph. We also show that, for finite walkable graphs, if B is basal and separated then the walk spaces for X and B are topologically conjugate if and only if X and B are homotopically equivalent for our model structure.
Gamma-Ray Burst Afterglow: Polarization and Analytic Light Curves

Gamma-ray burst afterglow polarization is discussed. We find an observable, up to ~10%, polarization, if the magnetic field coherence length grows at about the speed of light after the field is generated at the shock front. Detection of a polarized afterglow would show that collisionless ultrarelativistic shocks can generate strong large-scale magnetic fields and confirm the synchrotron afterglow model. Nondetection, at the ~1% level, would imply that either the synchrotron emission model is incorrect or that strong magnetic fields, after they are generated in the shock, somehow manage to stay undissipated at "microscopic," skin depth, scales. Analytic light curves of synchrotron emission from an ultrarelativistic self-similar blast wave are obtained for an arbitrary electron distribution function, taking into account the effects of synchrotron cooling. The peak synchrotron flux and the flux at frequencies much smaller than the peak frequency are insensitive to the details of the electron distribution function; hence, their observational determination would provide strong constraints on blast-wave parameters.
Collact.Me: Conceptual Framework for Extracting Domain-Specific Content from Twitter

In the last decade, social networks like Facebook and Twitter increasingly became important parts of people's lives. A rapidly growing number of users of these social networks create tremendous amounts of information, such as social text and multimedia feeds. In this context finding specific information and keeping it accessible becomes more and more a challenge. In parallel information filtering, topic modeling and quality has become subject of researchers in the field of social network analysis. Here we introduce Collact. Me, a conceptual framework to extract and classify microblogging content in an automated manner. Domain-specific data from social Twitter streams are collected from which topic models are created. The training data is used to build classifiers that allow computationally efficient multi-label classification. Results are presented and visualized using a novel dot-plot chart, which displays quantities of classified tweets of user-defined topics in a temporal fashion. We applied Collact. Me to selected bioinformatics topics. Our results show that our framework helps users to identify and interpret the level of attention of topics and to understand the relations between different topics as well as indications of emerging patterns. http://collact.me.