Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Current sedation and anesthesia practices among dentists: a statewide survey.

INTRODUCTION The purpose of this survey was to describe the current sedation training and practices among dentists in the state of Virginia, and to determine what areas of sedation training may need to be improved or maintained. METHODS A survey was developed by two faculty members at the VCU School of Medicine and School of Dentistry, focused on sedation practices of dentists within the state of Virginia. The survey contained several key domains: background, education and training, implementation in practice, and continuing education. The survey consisted of thirty questions. RESULTS Four hundred and thirty nine dentists responded of the 1,982 (22% response rate) surveys were completed and used in analysis. Almost half of the dentists that responded use oral medication to administer sedation within their office and of those 67% re-dose the oral sedative medication to the patient. Over 75% of dentists indicated that they have had some type of sedation related emergency in their office; despite this number, 11% reported that they do not practice for sedation emergency scenarios. Over 70% of dentists reported that they solely monitor their patient during simultaneous sedation and dental treatment, while others reported having a dental assistant (20%) or other medical provider (10%) assisting with monitoring while they are providing dental care. CONCLUSION With 75% of dentists that responded to the survey practicing sedation, experiencing some type of medical emergency related to sedations, and 4% of these not using any type of patient monitoring system, all providers offering sedation should follow the monitoring guidelines set forth by the ADA and/or AAPD. With an increase in demand from patients for sedation services during dental procedures, additional training should be recommended to dentists to assure that they have the skills and knowledge necessary to rescue a patient should a medical emergency arise.
In vitro capture, transport, and detection of protein analytes using kinesin-based nanoharvesters.

Miniaturization of lab-on-a-chip devices to nanoscale dimensions necessitates a level of systems integration currently found primarily in biological systems. Such devices will require new modes of transportingmacromolecularmaterials at nanometer length scales. In cells, efficient cytoplasmic transport is achieved by energy-consuming, active transport systems in which motor proteins transport cargo along cytoskeletal filaments. For example, the motor protein kinesin-1 carries cell organelles and macromolecules over considerable distances along microtubule filaments. Microtubules are hollow protein polymeric filaments with a diameter of 25 nm and tens of micrometers in length that form a 3D transportation network within the cell. Small groups of kinesin transport cargo at rates up to 12mms , with a catalytic efficiency (i.e., conversion of chemical energy into work) of 50%. Together, this transport system provides a highefficiency means of transporting macromolecular cargo through the highly viscous medium of cytoplasm. The intriguing and powerful properties of kinesin-based transport have spurred its application in hybrid nanoscale systems. Early work focused on applying microfabrication technologies and surface functionalization to guide the kinesinbased transport of molecular shuttles (i.e., stabilized microtubule filaments) and achieve directed transport ofmaterials at the nanoscale. In this mode of application, commonly referred to as the inverted or glidingmotility geometry, kinesin motor proteins are bound on a solid surface such that their catalytic and microtubule-binding domains extend into the solution. In the presence ofATP,microtubule filaments bind to
Making Asian students, making students Asian: The racialisation of export education in Auckland, New Zealand

In recent years, international education has become a source of considerable political, academic and media debate in New Zealand. This is nowhere more the case than with regards to Auckland, the New Zealand city that has hosted the greatest number of international students. This paper focuses on the media debates around international students in Auckland with particular emphasis on the representations of the largest group of international students, those who originate from countries within the North-East Asian region. The media representations of these students have fixed a diverse group of individuals within a singular racial identity that is known by stereotypical economic, cultural and social characteristics. As a result, these representations have further prob- lematised the interaction between international students and the host population in Auckland while simultaneously implicating a cohort of young New Zealand citizens and permanent residents who are of similar descent within the same discourses. This process of othering the Asian student, regardless of citizenship, has consequences not simply for the practice of exporting education in this city but also for the future of a multicultural Auckland and New Zealand.
Messages, Micro-targeting, and New Media Technologies

Abstract This article argues that new media technologies are likely to elicit changes in the content, tone, and potential electoral impact of those campaign messages micro-targeted through them, with a resulting increase in the level of unaccountable, deceptive, pseudonymous campaigning. Access to data-mined information will increase the likelihood that the candidate with the larger war-chest will gain an advantage by changing the composition of the electorate. In a world of micro-targeted messaging, reporters have greater difficulty holding sponsors accountable and policing deception.
CEO Stock‐Based Incentive Compensation and Firm Performance: A Quantile Regression Approach

This study employs the quantile regression model to examine the non‐monotonic impact of CEO stock‐based compensation on firm performance, using the data for U.S. non‐financial firms from 1993 to 2005. The results indicate that while the impact of CEO stock‐based pay on firm performance is positive for firms in the higher earnings quantile levels, the impact is negative for firms in the lower levels. In addition, the “V‐shaped” relationship between CEO stock‐based pay and firm performance satisfactorily explains the longstanding disagreement among earlier studies with regard to whether CEO stock‐based pay can enhance firm performance. Furthermore, the quantile‐varying pattern of the impact of stock‐based compensation on firm performance is robust after controlling for the industrial and yearly effects. It is also robust to the use of the pay‐for‐performance sensitivity as an alternative explanatory variable or the market‐based measure of performance as the dependent variable, or the consideration of the suspected endogenous problem between firm performance and stock‐based compensation.
Workplace Partnership and the Displaced Activist Thesis

Advocates and critics of partnership have advanced a series of theoretical arguments in respect of the potential consequences for unions working under partnership arrangements. These include centralised decision-making and the alienation of lay activists. In the case study examined here partnership involved centralised decision-making, but this did not result in serious conflicts or lead to the rejection of joint arrangements. We argue for a theoretical approach focusing on the contingencies that shape relations between union officers and lay activists under partnership.
Balance of Payments Constrained Growth and Developing Countries: An examination of Thirlwall's hypothesis

Thirlwall's hypothesis of balance of payments constrained growth has been widely tested for developed countries, but much less for developing countries. Further, previous tests have used dated estimates derived using non-robust econometric techniques. After discussing the conditions under which Thirlwall's hypothesis would be valid and the econometric issues involved, this study reports error correction estimates of import and export demand functions for a large sample of developing countries. Deriving the long run income elasticities of demand from these functions, the study reports tests for different specifications of Thirlwall's hypothesis on this sample and finds some support for it.
A methodology to build an initial R&D portfolio for industry-university cooperation

How to build an initial portfolio of R&D projects to start industry-university cooperation? This paper reports an attempt to answer this question. Particularly, it presents a methodology devised from a 18-month action-research program held between a large multinational automotive manufacturer and the engineering school of a top-ranked Brazilian university. The paper proposes a 3-stage process oriented by the construction of QFD-like correlation matrices. A first matrix is built in order to correlate industry product performances and product components. Clusters of high correlations are identified and analyzed in order to define broad research strands of interest. These are, then, correlated with engineering competences to highlight the main types of know-how that are associated with each of the identified research demands. University experts in these competences are finally interviewed in order to fill a roadmap-like layer with possible cooperative R&D deliverables over time. Techniques used for data collection, analysis and visualization in each stage are presented. Possibilities of customizing the process are suggested when appropriate. Finally, based on the results, more general theoretical and methodological reflections are proposed in order to help managers tackling the long-standing problem of setting a shared R&D agenda between industry and university.
Lacunae in Financial Regulatory Framework vis-à-vis Financial Repression

This paper makes four points. First, it introduces a new ‘academic’ concept—optimal noise in financial markets. Second, it suggests that the government intervenes to take care of the problem of ‘free ride’ in financial markets. Third, it suggests regulation of entry into the finance profession, whose tasks would include ‘prescribing’ a portfolio choice for (financially) uninformed investors. Fourth, given that deposit insurance, lender of last resort, capital adequacy and supervision of banks are in place, there is no need to impose the following beyond reasonable prudential norms: (a) cash reserve ratio requirement, (b) statutory liquidity ratio requirement and (c) barriers to entry.
Legislative Problem-Solving: Exploring Bill Sponsorship in Post-war America

Given the small number of bills that are actually enacted into public policy, it is puzzling that members continue to sponsor bills at such high rates. The conventional approach to this puzzle has been to either focus on the determinants of legislative efiectiveness or to conceive of bill sponsorship as symbolic position-taking. As a result, we know relatively little about how sponsorship patterns vary across members and over time, and more importantly the introduction of legislation has been divorced from the policy process. I address both of these problems by ofiering a \problem-solving" framework of bill sponsorship that is compatible with standard conceptions of goal-oriented behavior and conceives of sponsorship as placing issues onto the public agenda. Using multilevel models I analyze the volume and content of members’ legislative portfolios from 1947 to 1998. I flnd that members adjust their sponsorship according to changing circumstances, whether those changes are in terms of their own institutional positions or broader developments in the social, political, and economic environments. Bill sponsorship is neither irrational nor devoid of policy relevance. It is a tool that members use to recognize problems and cultivate reputations as problem-solvers.
Metrics for the elements of intellectual capital in an economy driven by knowledge

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to explore the plausibility of six elements of IC and justify the measurement ability of a set of indicators based on publicly available data for each of the proposed element in order to provide tools to managers for their decision-making process in knowledge management (KM). Design/methodology/approach – Core company's intangibles are combined into six intellectual capital (IC) elements that appear after the division of each of the traditional components (human, structural and relational capital (RC)). The human capital includes management and human resources capabilities (HRC). Structural capital is divided into innovation and internal process capabilities (IPC). RC contains networking capabilities and customer loyalty. In drawing on the relevant literature each element is described through a set of indicators collected from publicly available data. The validity of proposed IC model is justified through structural equation modeling. Each element is tested on a samp.
Corporate blogging strategies of the Fortune 500 companies

Purpose – This study aims to investigate the emerging new phenomenon of corporate blogging and its objectives. In particular, this study focuses on how Fortune 500 firms attempt to maintain control, while supporting employee autonomy in corporate blogging.Design/methodology/approach – Using the framework of corporate blogging strategies proposed in this study, corporate blogging practices of the 2005 Fortune 500 companies were analysed.Findings – Most organisations maintain high levels of control by implementing top‐down blogging strategies, while few support employee autonomy by applying a bottom‐up blogging strategy. Because of the inherent limitation of each strategy, many organisations attempt to take advantage of the complementary mechanism that balances autonomy and control. Organisations emphasising bottom‐up blogging tend to focus on product development and customer service content strategy, while those practising top‐down blogging focus on thought leadership or promotional content strategy.Resear.
Migration and the Urban to Rural Earnings Difference: A Sample Selection Approach*

In particular I conjecture that in many parts of rural Africa a self-selection mechanism may occur that sorts migratory and nonmigratory workers in a manner consistent with the notion that those workers who are most likely to benefit from migration do so and workers least likely to benefit from migration do not. In other words individuals sort themselves into migratory and nonmigratory workers given their characteristics. For instance rural workers with relatively more human capital skills are most likely to migrate because the discrepancy is larger between earnings from rural unskilled jobs that underutilize their skills and earnings from skilled jobs in urban areas that more fully realize their potential. Given their characteristics therefore participation in the migratory labor stream is strongly assumed to be influenced by the workers anticipated earnings as a migrant versus his or her anticipated earnings from working in the rural area as a nonmigrant. It is thus conceivable that the urban to rural earnings difference would be positive for workers with relatively greater skills and that their incidence of migration may be higher. This study tests this hypothesis. (excerpt)
Sleep perception in non-insomniac healthy elderly: a 3-year longitudinal study.

OBJECTIVES Older adults complain of sleep disturbances more often than younger adults do. It is not clear whether the age-related rise in sleep problems is related to aging itself or to health-related quality of life. The aim of this study was to explore the presence of self-reported sleep problems in healthy elderly individuals and to evaluate whether changes occurred over a 3-year follow-up. METHODS A total of 314 older community-dwelling volunteers, aged 71.6±1.0 years old, were examined and followed for 3 years. All of the subjects completed questionnaires evaluating anxiety, depression, and sleepiness and the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) at the first and second evaluations. On the basis of the PSQI items, the subjects were classified as good or bad sleepers and as short, normal, or long sleepers. RESULTS At baseline, 53% of the subjects reported good sleep, with 61% reporting a sleep duration of approximately 7 hr. The total sleep time and the numbers of short, normal, and long sleepers were similar at baseline and at 3 years later. Over time, there was a slight increase (p<0.001) in bad sleepers (53%) and a rise in the occasional hypnotic intake (p<0.001). Considering individual variation, the majority of subjects remained stable at follow-up for sleep duration (65%), sleep quality (75%), and medication (83%). CONCLUSIONS In a healthy older population, the majority of the subjects did not report bad and short sleep at baseline and did not have significant changes in self-perceived sleep 3 years later. These findings suggest that the reported sleep disturbances described in the elderly are more dependent on physical, environmental, and health factors rather than on age-dependent sleep changes. CLINICAL TRIAL REGISTRATION NCT 00759304 and NCT 00766584.
How to manage affective state in child-robot tutoring interactions?

Social robots represent a fruitful enhancement of intelligent tutoring systems that can be used for one-to-one tutoring. The role of affective states during learning has so far only scarcely been considered in such systems, because it is unclear which cues should be tracked, how they should be interpreted, and how the system should react to them. Therefore, we conducted expert interviews with preschool teachers, and based on these results suggest a conceptual model for tracing and managing the affective state of preschool children during robot-child tutoring.
Factors responsible for mortality variation in the United States: A latent variable analysis

BACKGROUND Factors including smoking, drinking, substance abuse, obesity, and health care have all been shown to affect health and longevity. The relative importance of each of these factors is disputed in the literature, and has been assessed through a number of methods. OBJECTIVE This paper uses a novel approach to identify factors responsible for interstate mortality variation. It identifies factors through their imprint on mortality patterns and can therefore identify factors that are difficult or impossible to measure directly, such as sensitive health behaviors. METHODS The analysis calculates age-standardized death rates by cause of death from 2000-2009 for white men and women separately. Only premature deaths between ages 20-64 are included. Latent variables responsible for mortality variation are then identified through a factor analysis conducted on a death-rate-by-state matrix. These unobserved latent variables are inferred from observed mortality data and interpreted based on their correlations with individual causes of death. RESULTS Smoking and obesity, substance abuse, and rural/urban residence are the three factors that make the largest contributions to state-level mortality variation among males. The same factors are at work for women but are less vividly revealed. The identification of factors is supported by a review of epidemiologic studies and strengthened by correlations with observable behavioral variables. Results are not sensitive to the choice of factor-analytic method used. CONCLUSIONS The majority of interstate variation in mortality among white working-age adults in the United States is associated with a combination of smoking and obesity, substance abuse and rural/urban residence.
New Uses for Old Drugs: Pharmacophore‐Based Screening for the Discovery of P‐Glycoprotein Inhibitors

P‐glycoprotein (P‐gp) is one of the best characterized transporters responsible for the multidrug resistance phenotype exhibited by cancer cells. Therefore, there is widespread interest in elucidating whether existing drugs are candidate P‐gp substrates or inhibitors. With this aim, a pharmacophore model was created based on known P‐gp inhibitors and it was used to screen a database of existing drugs. The P‐gp modulatory activity of the best hits was evaluated by several methods such as the rhodamine‐123 accumulation assay using K562Dox cell line, and a P‐gp ATPase activity assay. The ability of these compounds to enhance the cytotoxicity of doxorubicin was assessed with the sulphorhodamine‐B assay. Of the 21 hit compounds selected in silico, 12 were found to significantly increase the intracellular accumulation of Rhodamine‐123, a P‐gp substrate. In addition, amoxapine and loxapine, two tetracyclic antidepressant drugs, were discovered to be potent non‐competitive inhibitors of P‐gp, causing a 3.5‐fold decrease in the doxorubicin GI50 in K562Dox cell line. The overall results provide important clues for the non‐label use of known drugs as inhibitors of P‐gp. Potent inhibitors with a dibenzoxazepine scaffold emerged from this study and they will be further investigated in order to develop new P‐gp inhibitors.
Correlates of poverty in Fiji: An analysis of individual, household and community factors related to poverty

Purpose - The purpose of this paper uses household survey data to model the correlates of household consumption and poverty in Fiji. A multivariate empirical analysis is conducted to ascertain those household and community characteristics that correlate with household welfare and poverty. In particular, the results will show how a particular characteristic will affect household poverty conditional on the level of other characteristics that are also potential determinants of poverty. Design/methodology/approach - The key approach in this paper is similar to Mukherjee and Benson and is based on ordinary least squares (OLS) modeling of the natural logarithm of total per capita consumption of households, which serves as the household welfare indicator, against a set of exogenous determinants such as household and community characteristics. For robustness checks, a probit regression is also estimated with the probability of a household being in poverty as the dependent variable and an identical set of independent variables used in the OLS regression. Findings - The results show that higher levels of education, supporting agricultural growth policies in rural areas and reallocation of labour into the formal sector of the economy will prove effective in reducing poverty at the household level. These results can have important policy implications for design and implementation of poverty reduction policies. Originality/value - Empirical studies on the determinants of household consumption and poverty are non-existent in Fiji. This thus is the first study which attempts to model the determinants of poverty at the household level and is the major contribution of this paper.
Predicative active disturbance rejection control for optimal power control of direct-driven PMSG with time delay

The rejection of disturbances is a critical issue in wind energy conversion system (WECS) based on direct-driven permanent magnet synchronous generator (PMSG), which is including the uncertainties in the internal dynamics and external forces. First, active disturbance rejection control (ADRC) scheme is introduced to track the motor speed in real time with the aim of capturing the maximum power. Second, since the time delay is inevitable in the WECS, which can deteriorate the performance of control system, the new ADRC structure incorporated the time delay compensation function with Smith predictor is proposed in this paper. Thus, the proposed control methods can track the lumped disturbance and compensates the time delay, simultaneously. Last, the effectiveness of the proposed control strategy is verified in simulation studies with promising results.