Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The ‘what’ and ‘how’ of screening for social needs in healthcare settings: a scoping review

Background Adverse social determinants of health give rise to individual-level social needs that have the potential to negatively impact health. Screening patients to identify unmet social needs is becoming more widespread. A review of the content of currently available screening tools is warranted. The aim of this scoping review was to determine what social needs categories are included in published Social Needs Screening Tools that have been developed for use in primary care settings, and how these social needs are screened. Methods We pre-registered the study on the Open Science Framework (https://osf.io/dqan2/). We searched MEDLINE and Embase from 01/01/2010 to 3/05/2022 to identify eligible studies reporting tools designed for use in primary healthcare settings. Two reviewers independently screened studies, a single reviewer extracted data. We summarised the characteristics of included studies descriptively and calculated the number of studies that collected data relevant to specific social needs categories. We identified sub-categories to classify the types of questions relevant to each of the main categories. Results We identified 420 unique citations, and 27 were included. Nine additional studies were retrieved by searching for tools that were used or referred to in excluded studies. Questions relating to food insecurity and the physical environment in which a person lives were the most frequently included items (92–94% of tools), followed by questions relating to economic stability and aspects of social and community context (81%). Seventy-five percent of the screening tools included items that evaluated five or more social needs categories (mean 6.5; standard deviation 1.75). One study reported that the tool had been ‘validated’; 16 reported ‘partial’ validation; 12 reported that the tool was ‘not validated’ and seven studies did not report validation processes or outcomes.
Improved Terahertz Time-Domain Spectroscopy via the Extended Kalman Filter

To implement terahertz time-domain spectroscopy (THz-TDS) systems that have short integration time and maintain performance, the extended Kalman filter (EKF) has been used. Performance of EKF with THz-TDS on vapor samples and solid samples is untested. Previous EKF methods were not adaptive for use on multiple THz-TDS systems. We provide an adaptive EKF method that can work on any THz setup, to improve maximum measurable absorption coefficient. Our adaptive EKF method responds to THz pulse properties. The adaptive EKF is exhaustively demonstrated for six different time-constant data sets spanning 1 ms to 300 ms for THz-TDS on vapor with electro-optic THz detection. The acquisition time saved is quantified and shown to significantly reduce acquisition time from 2.58 ms to 1 ms. This improvement of 2.58 times will have a significant effect to move spectral imaging from taking hours to taking minutes. Vapor absorption lines are maintained. We show the adaptive EKF maintain correct spectral information when compared to the high-resolution transmission molecular absorption (HITRAN) database. The adaptive EKF is also demonstrated for THz-TDS on vapor with photoconductive THz detection, thus demonstrating adaptability, and is applied for THz-TDS of a solid sample of polyethylene terephthalate glycol.
Peiyuan-Huayu Formula Suppresses Proliferation Migration and Angiogenesis of Human Microvascular Endothelial Cells-1 Through Activating MEK/ERK Signaling Pathway

Chronic subdural hematoma is identified as an intracranial hemorrhagic disorder of human. Presently, neither surgical nor symptomatic treatment of Western medicine has achieved good curative effects. This study aimed to clarify efficacy of Peiyuan-Huayu formula on neovascularization and explore associated mechanisms. Rats were intragastricly administrated with Peiyuan-Huayu formula and drug containing serum was harvested. Cell counting kit 8 assay was used to determine proliferation of human microvascular endothelial-1 cells. Human microvascular endothelial-1 cells were divided into negative group, blank-serum group and drug-serum group. In vitro scratch healing assay was employed to evaluate migration distance of human microvascular endothelial cells-1. Tube-like structures formation based on human microvascular endothelial-1 cells was conducted using tube formation assay on matrigel. Expression of vascular endothelial growth factor A, mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase, phosphorylation of mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase and phosphorylation of extracellular signal-regulated kinase was determined with western blotting. The 15 % drug-serum is optimal concentration for inhibiting human microvascular endothelial cells-1 proliferation. Peiyuan-Huayu formula drug-serum remarkably inhibited migration of human microvascular endothelial cells compared to Blank-serum group (p<0.05). Peiyuan-Huayu formula drug-serum obviously suppressed angiogenesis compared to blank-serum group (p<0.05). Peiyuan-Huayu formula drug-serum down-regulated vascular endothelial growth factor A expression, activated phosphorylation of mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase and induced phosphorylation of extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2 in human microvascular endothelial-1 cells. In conclusion, Peiyuan-Huayu formula inhibited proliferation, migration and angiogenesis of human microvascular endothelial-1 cells. Effects of Peiyuan-Huayu formula were mediated by reducing expression of mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase 1/2, phosphorylation of mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase 1/2, phosphorylation of extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2 and vascular endothelial growth factor molecule
Feeding preferences and the effect of temperature on feeding rates of the graceful kelp crab, Pugettia gracilis

Graceful kelp crabs (Pugettia gracilis) are abundant consumers in shallow subtidal ecosystems of the Salish Sea. These dynamic habitats are currently experiencing multiple changes including invasion by non-native seaweeds and ocean warming. However, little is known about P. gracilis’ foraging ecology, therefore we investigated their feeding preferences between native and invasive food sources, as well as feeding rates at elevated temperatures to better assess their role in changing coastal food webs. To quantify crab feeding preferences, we collected P. gracilis from San Juan Island, WA and conducted no-choice and choice experiments with two food sources: the native kelp, Nereocystis luetkeana, and the invasive seaweed, Sargassum muticum. In no-choice experiments, P. gracilis ate equal amounts of N. luetkeana and S. muticum. However, in choice experiments, P. gracilis preferred N. luetkeana over S. muticum. To test effects of temperature on these feeding rates, we exposed P. gracilis to ambient (11.5 ± 1.3 °C) or elevated (19.5 ± 1.8 °C) temperature treatments and measured consumption of the preferred food type, N. luetkeana. Crabs exposed to elevated temperatures ate significantly more than those in the ambient treatment. Our study demonstrates the diet flexibility of P. gracilis, suggesting they may be able to exploit increasing populations of invasive S. muticum in the Salish Sea. Warming ocean temperatures may also prompt P. gracilis to increase feeding, exacerbating harmful impacts on N. luetkeana, which is already vulnerable to warming and invasive competitors.
Review of the Attributes and Performance of 10 Rural Diffusion Models.

Abstract An American Meteorological Society committee, working cooperatively with the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA), has sponsored a peer review and evaluation of 10 rural diffusion models that are now used in regulatory procedures or have been submitted to EPA for such use. This review revealed that none of the models can be considered up-to-date scientifically, and that there is no basis for choice among them in terms of predictive accuracy. Regardless of the scientific merit of any model, significant inaccuracy in the predictions would arise from the inherent uncertainty in the diffusion process and from inadequacies of the input data.
AN EXPLORATION OF DATA DRIVEN MODELS FOR ODOR ASSESSMENT Extended abstract

Odor perception, occurring in correspondence of single inspiration acts, is characterized by a time scale in the order of 12 seconds (Schauberger et al., 2012). Ideally, modeling odor concentration should then be made on a comparable time frame. The concentration of odor-carrying compounds may change significantly over such a short period, often exhibiting intermittency (Hildeman and Wilson, 1999) and other complex features (Nicell, 2009). Conventional dispersion models and the meteorological data feeding them are not typically able to resolve so a short range, their long term (most often hourly) averaging actually filtering most interesting variation out (Nicell, 2009; Scauberger et al., 2012). To circumvent this problem various strategies have been developed, as for example using probabilistic models allowing estimation of concentration distribution instead of just hourly means (e.g. SciPuff, online at http://www.sage-mgt.net/services/modeling-and-simulation/scipuff-dispersion-model, and coupled particles models), or adopting an estimate of maximum concentration from its hourly value using peak-to-mean ratio (Nicell, 2009; Schauberger et al., 2012). In this work an alternative model, developed by the authors, has been explored. It is based on a modified version of Lagrangian particle models in which frequently updated measured statistics replace estimates based on similarity theory. Further work is in progress and will be addressed in a more extensive paper, currently under preparation. In conventional Lagrangian particle models like Flexpart (Stohl et al., 2005) wind statistics are modeled by particular solutions of Langevin-type equations, usually derived under the assumption of a time scale significantly longer than typical Lagrangian decorrelation time (e.g. hourly). These solutions, characterized by quite a simple analytical form, are well suited to estimating hourly concentration, but tend to not provide detailed information about instantaneous concentrations. Therefore a need exists of a different approach to modeling, in which short time frame is explicitly considered. In this exploration, a particle model has been used in which Langevin-type equation has been replaced with empirical multivariate distributions obtained from high-frequency 3D wind measurements by a three-axial ultrasonic anemometer. This approach, suitable for efficient implementation, has the potential of real-time operation on small-scale, easy to deploy computing devices. The new class of models built this way has been provisionally named of data-driven models. The specific data-driven model used in our exploration is named NanoPart.
A Meta-Synthesis of Technology-Supported Peer Feedback in ESL/EFL Writing Classes Research: A Replication of Chen’s Study

Research on the efficiency of technology-supported peer feedback activities in the ESL/EFL writing classroom has led to contradictory results. Some studies claim that it improves learners’ motivation and attitudes toward writing while others mention technical difficulties or a lack of training as drawbacks affecting learners’ experiences and thus learning. This ongoing debate calls for a meta-synthesis of studies published between 2011 and 2022. Replicating Chen’s study, the authors identified 20 primary studies and analyzed them under the lens of Glaser and Strauss’s grounded theory constant comparison method. The findings revealed that students’ preferences, capabilities, and attitudes regarding the features of the technology used in classes; the contextual factors, suitable online platforms, and training on the provision of proper feedback; and the use of the selected technologies can determine the extent to which implementing technology-supported peer feedback activities would be successful.
Fully Aqueous Self-Assembly of a Gold-Nanoparticle-Based Pathogen Sensor

Surface plasmon resonance (SPR) is a very sensitive measure of biomolecular interactions but is generally too expensive for routine analysis of clinical samples. Here we demonstrate the simplified formation of virus-detecting gold nanoparticle (AuNP) assemblies on glass using only aqueous buffers at room temperature. The AuNP assembled on silanized glass and displayed a distinctive absorbance peak due to the localized SPR (LSPR) response of the AuNPs. Next, assembly of a protein engineering scaffold was followed using LSPR and a sensitive neutron reflectometry approach, which measured the formation and structure of the biological layer on the spherical AuNP. Finally, the assembly and function of an artificial flu sensor layer consisting of an in vitro-selected single-chain antibody (scFv)-membrane protein fusion was followed using the LSPR response of AuNPs within glass capillaries. In vitro selection avoids the need for separate animal-derived antibodies and allows for the rapid production of low-cost sensor proteins. This work demonstrates a simple approach to forming oriented arrays of protein sensors on nanostructured surfaces that uses (i) an easily assembled AuNP silane layer, (ii) self-assembly of an oriented protein layer on AuNPs, and (iii) simple highly specific artificial receptor proteins.
Interannual Variations of Regional Summer Precipitation in Mainland China and their Possible Relationships with Different Teleconnections in the Past Five Decades

Interannual variations of regional mean summer precipitation, especially its extremes have high impacts on the agriculture, water resources, and ecosystem and environment in Mainland China. Using observational rainfall data at 596 meteorological stations in China from 1961 to 2008, we investigated the features of regional mean summer rainfall variations based on rotated empirical orthogonal function (REOF) decompositions. Moreover, we found that there are 21 regions where variations of summer seasonal mean rainfall are very regional. These 21 regions cover most of the territory of China except for some parts in west and southwest China. The time series of coefficients of the leading REOF mode for a particular region explains a large part of variance of the summer rainfall in that region, ranging from 40 % to 90 %. The periodicities and extreme years of precipitation in the 21 regions are notably different, thus suggesting a statistically independent feature of the summer mean rainfall variations among different regions. A survey has been conducted for correlations of regional mean June–August rainfall with indices including El Nino and the Southern Oscillation (ENSO), Indian Ocean Dipole (IOD), and several atmospheric teleconnections. Outcomes of this survey suggest that the rainfall variations in 21 regions in mainland China are possibly influenced by signals from both tropical and mid-latitudes. The results of the present work provide a base for further investigation on the possible mechanisms of regional summer rainfall variations; moreover, the present work is helpful for policy making in meteorological disaster prevention and mitigations in China.
Oscillation of Autophagy Induction under Cellular Stress and What Lies behind It, a Systems Biology Study

One of the main inducers of autophagy-dependent self-cannibalism, called ULK1, is tightly regulated by the two sensor molecules of nutrient conditions and energy status, known as mTOR and AMPK kinases, respectively. Recently, we developed a freely available mathematical model to explore the oscillatory characteristic of the AMPK-mTOR-ULK1 regulatory triangle. Here, we introduce a systems biology analysis to explain in detail the dynamical features of the essential negative and double-negative feedback loops and also the periodic repeat of autophagy induction upon cellular stress. We propose an additional regulatory molecule in the autophagy control network that delays some of AMPK’s effect on the system, making the model output more consistent with experimental results. Furthermore, a network analysis on AutophagyNet was carried out to identify which proteins could be the proposed regulatory components in the system. These regulatory proteins should satisfy the following rules: (1) they are induced by AMPK; (2) they promote ULK1; (3) they down-regulate mTOR upon cellular stress. We have found 16 such regulatory components that have been experimentally proven to satisfy at least two of the given rules. Identifying such critical regulators of autophagy induction could support anti-cancer- and ageing-related therapeutic efforts.
Dynamic Joint Nearest Neighbor Algorithm

'Nearest Neighbor'(NN) is a widely used data association algorithm in SLAM community.It owns the merit of low computational complexity while maintaining the demerit that its accuracy is susceptible to environments.Two improvements are introduced to enhance the robustness of NN to environments.One is clearing up the interference among all observation mates with a view to the relativity of all observations.The other is dynamically filtrating spurious features in observed features with the association results of measurements over multiple frames.What's more,data association is limited in potential local region,which is determined by pose of the robot and effective range of the sensor.Thus,computational efficiency of NN is improved greatly.Simulative and experimental results indicate that the presented 'Dynamic Joint Nearest Neighbor'(DJNN) performs well on both accuracy and computational complexity.And it is of wonderful value for real applications.
Navigating White Waters: Generation Z Untraditional College Transition Amid Unprecedented Social, Health, and Academic Crisis

Over the last three years, crises of a historical magnitude have had a profound impact on the higher education system in the U.S. During the spring of March 2020, COVID-19, referred to as the coronavirus, caused a significant health crisis, killing hundreds of thousands of people, while disrupting the educational, economic, and health system (Gupta, 2021). The following year, a 46-year-old black man, George Floyd, was brutally murdered by a white police officer, sparking violent protests and debate around racial equity, policing, and justice. A toxic and polarizing political environment further complicated issues under the controversial leadership of President Donald Trump. Colleges and universities had to quickly pivot to remote instruction, enforce mask mandates, and carefully navigate discourse to minimize disruption to the education of students. The adjustment was challenging for most institutions, particularly those classified as Hispanic Serving Institutions (HSI) or Minority Serving Institutions (MSI). They are usually under-resourced but serve many marginalized, low-income, first-generation, and at-risk students. These organizations encountered both obstacles and opportunities in the attempt to usher in a new generation of learners, Generation Z. Generation Z, often referred to as Gen-Z, are those individuals born between the years 1995-2015; a group that has experienced an untraditional and unprecedented college transition that will have a lasting impact on their younger and older adult lives. This qualitative case study explored the lived experience of Generation Z college students as they navigated the uncertain and tumultuous college transition into an HSI/MSI during the large-scale U.S. and world crises.
Defoliation management and nitrogen fertiliser rate affect canopy structural traits of grazed guineagrass (Megathyrsus maximus) cv. Zuri under rotational stocking

ABSTRACT Context. Defoliation management by grazing or clipping, combined with nitrogen (N) fertilisation, can increase forage production in tropical grasses. Use of pasture canopy height as a practical tool for monitoring forage mass and accumulation has been proposed because of the relationship between height and canopy light interception. However, this relationship can vary due to variations in canopy structural changes and N supply. Aims. Our objectives were to study canopy structural responses and forage accumulation of grazed Zuri guineagrass (Megathyrsus maximus) under rotational stocking. Methods. Combinations of two pre-graze canopy heights (55 and 75 cm) and two N fertilisation rates (150 and 300 kg N ha−1 year−1) were used during two consecutive years. Cattle grazed the pastures to 50% of pre-graze height. Key results. Regardless of N rate, pastures managed at 75 cm always reached 95% light interception at pre-graze. The 55 cm/300 kg N pastures underwent structural changes such as greater leaf proportion, tiller population density and specific leaf area, and smaller mean foliage angle, which resulted in 95% light interception at pre-graze. Forage accumulation was 20% greater for 75 cm pastures (22 120 kg DM ha−1 year−1) than 55 cm pastures. Pastures receiving 300 kg N ha−1 year−1 had 38% greater forage accumulation than those receiving 150 kg N ha−1 year−1. Conclusion. Zuri guineagrass pastures should be defoliated when canopy height reaches 75 cm owing to greater forage accumulation, but can be grazed at 55 cm when N is applied at 300 kg ha−1 year−1. Implications. Zuri guineagrass can be managed with shorter pre-graze canopy height; when grazed at 55 cm and with 300 kg N ha−1 year−1, there is no negative effect on forage accumulation, allowing for shorter rest periods.
Justification of Discrimination against People with Mental Illness in Republic of Korea

Aims: This study aimed to analyze the process in which individual values and beliefs affected social distance against people with mental illness by mediating cognition, based on applying the justification–suppression model to the stigma of mental illness. Methods: An online survey was conducted with 491 adults aged 20 to 64 years. Their sociodemographic characteristics, personal values, and beliefs, justification for discrimination, and social distance were measured to assess their perceptions of, and behaviors towards, persons with mental illness. Path analysis was performed to examine the magnitude and significance of the hypothetical relationship between variables. Results: Protestant ethic values and morality significantly affected the justification of inability and dangerousness and attribute responsibility. Excluding attribute responsibility, the justification of inability and dangerousness significantly predicted social distance. In other words, the higher the Protestant ethic values, the higher the morality of binding, and the lower the morality of individualizing, the higher the level of justification based on inability and dangerousness. Such justification has been found to increase social distance from persons with mental illness. In addition, mediating effects were the largest in the path of the morality of binding → justification of dangerousness → social distance. Conclusions: The study proposes various strategies to deal with individual values, beliefs, and justification logic to reduce social distance against those with mental illness. These strategies include a cognitive approach and empathy, both of which inhibit prejudice.