Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Colour and the lighting application of tomorrow

To get more knowledge about the lighting design process a literature review was performed and common knowledge of lighting design was written down within a Thesis project and in a still unpublished post doc. project [Säter 2012]. In this paper is the lighting design process (LDP) seen in relation to colours. To be able to handle colour for the indoor environment of tomorrow, it is important to picture the way the future lighting applications will be designed. As a result of the findings about melanopsin and the intrinsic photosensitive ganglion cell (ipRGC) the light of tomorrow will be designed more physiologically supportive by an increased use of daylight [Brainard et al. 2001]. To be able to work in an efficient way, daylight needs to be combined with a complementary lighting application. This can be designed from a template and as a solitary technical application performed with no contact with the space or the user. But the complementary artificial lighting can also be designed in contact with the space and the user’s senses, by the use of the four basic steps in the lighting design process. The first step in the design process is concerned the space, the second the user, the third the design of the daylight and the complementary lighting and the fourth is about the design of the technical part of the lighting application. Colour is connected to all four steps of the lighting design process. The coloured surfaces in the space is by transmission, absorption and reflection (TAR) affected in appearance by the photon flows emitted from daylight and from the complementary lighting installed in the space. The visual experience of the interaction of colour and daylight and the complementary lighting as well can give the user an experience related to the level of light and contrasts graded from unpleasant, pleasant and to pain. If the colours and contrasts in a space is well designed and appropriate according to the amount of photons that are emitted into the space in a rhythm, and have a pleasant appearance both in high and low levels of light and if the technical application is flexible and can be regulated by the user, the user have a good possibility to experience visual comfort when staying in the space. If on the other hand the lighting application is done without contact with the space or the user, visual comfort will not be easy to experience for those who stay in the space.
The survival and disruption of cold dark matter microhaloes: implications for direct and indirect detection experiments

If the dark matter particle is a neutralino, then the first structures to form are cuspy cold dark matter (CDM) haloes collapsing after redshifts z ≈ 100 in the mass range 10 −6 ‐10 −3 M � . We carry out a detailed study of the survival of these microhaloes in the Galaxy as they experience tidal encounters with stars, molecular clouds, and other dark matter substructures. We test the validity of analytic impulsive heating calculations using high-resolution N-body simulations. A major limitation of analytic estimates is that mean energy inputs are compared to mean binding energies, instead of the actual mass lost from the system. This energy criterion leads to an overestimate of the stripped mass and an underestimate of the disruption time-scale, since CDM haloes are strongly bound in their inner parts. We show that a significant fraction of material from CDM microhaloes can be unbound by encounters with Galactic substructure and stars; however, the cuspy central regions remain relatively intact. Furthermore, the microhaloes near the solar radius are those which collapse significantly earlier than average and will suffer very little mass-loss. Thus, we expect a fraction of surviving bound microhaloes, a smooth component with narrow features in phase space, which may be uncovered by direct detection experiments, as well as numerous surviving cuspy cores with proper motions of arcminutes per year, which can be detected indirectly via their annihilation into gamma-rays.
Network coding protection based on p-cycles for mesh networks

Network protection is very important to ensure the service continuity. However, most of existing protection strategies studied only the traditional dedicated protection and shared protection in which each traffic connection will be assigned to a primary path and a link-disjoint backup path to protect any single link failure and the consequence is that the backup resource redundancy and the traffic blocking probability may be high. To improve performances, this paper proposes a Network Coding Protection (NCP) based on p-cycle by performing the XOR operation for data packets traversing the network nodes, so that NCP can provide the protection for any single on-cycle link failure or straddling link failure. Simulation results show that, compared to the traditional dedicated path protection and shared path protection, NCP has better performances in protection recovery time, resource redundancy and blocking probability.
68Ga-DOTA-Tyr3-Octreotide PET for Assessing Response to Somatostatin-Receptor–Mediated Radionuclide Therapy

68Ga-labeled 1,4,7,10-tetraazacyclododecane-N,N′,N′′,N′′′-tetraacetic acid-d-Phe1-Tyr3-octreotide (DOTA-TOC) PET has proven its usefulness in the diagnosis of patients with neuroendocrine tumors. Radionuclide therapy (90Y-DOTA-TOC or 177Lu-DOTA-octreotate) is a choice of treatment that also requires an accurate diagnostic modality for early evaluation of treatment response. Our study compared 68Ga-DOTA-TOC PET with CT or MRI using the Response Evaluation Criteria in Solid Tumors. Furthermore, standardized uptake values (SUVs) were calculated and compared with treatment outcome. Methods: Forty-six patients (29 men, 17 women; age range, 34–84 y) with advanced neuroendocrine tumors were investigated before and after 2–7 cycles of radionuclide therapy. Long-acting somatostatin analogs were not applied for at least 6 wk preceding the follow-up. Data were acquired with a dedicated PET scanner. Emission image sets were acquired at 90–100 min after injection. 68Ga-DOTA-TOC PET images were visually interpreted by 2 experienced nuclear medicine physicians. For comparison, multislice helical CT scans and 1.5-T MRI scans were obtained. Attenuation-corrected PET images were used to determine SUVs. Repeated CT evaluation and other imaging modalities, for example, 18F-FDG, were used as the reference standard. Results: According to the reference standard, 68Ga-DOTA-TOC PET and CT showed a concordant result in 32 patients (70%). In the remaining 14 patients (30%), discrepancies were observed, with a final outcome of progressive disease in 9 patients and remission in 5 patients. 68Ga-DOTA-TOC PET was correct in 10 patients (21.7%), including 5 patients with progressive disease. In these patients, metastatic spread was detected with the follow-up whole-body PET but was missed when concomitant CT was used. On the other hand, CT confirmed small pulmonary metastases not detected on 68Ga-DOTA-TOC in 1 patient and progressive liver disease not detected on 68Ga-DOTA-TOC in 3 patients. Quantitative SUV analysis of individual tumor lesions showed a large range of variability. Conclusion: 68Ga-DOTA-TOC PET shows no advantage over conventional anatomic imaging for assessing response to therapy when all CT information obtained during follow-up is compared. Only the development of new metastases during therapy was detected earlier in some cases when whole-body PET was used. SUV analysis of individual lesions is of no additional value in predicting individual responses to therapy.
“Doctors being up there and we being down here”: A metaphorical analysis of talk about doctors, patients and medical students

This paper describes the metaphorical conceptualisations of student/doctor–patient relationships, as articulated by multiple stakeholders in healthcare. Eight focus group discussions with 19 patients, 13 medical students and 15 medical educators (comprising doctors, other healthcare professionals and non-clinical academics) were conducted in England and we subjected our transcribed and audiotaped data to a secondary level of data analysis i.e. systematic metaphor analysis. The analysis revealed six over-arching metaphors associated with the target domain of student/doctor–patient relationships i.e. STUDENT/DOCTOR–PATIENT RELATIONSHIPS AS WAR, HIERARCHY, DOCTOR-CENTREDNESS, MARKET, MACHINE and THEATRE. All of the metaphors (except theatre) emphasised the oppositional quality of student/ doctor–patient relationships. Three of the source domains emerging from our empirical data (i.e. hierarchy, doctorcentredness, and market) relate to metaphors already employed in the non-empirical literature to discuss doctor–patient relationships (e.g. paternalism, patient-centredness, and consumerism). The three remaining source domains (i.e. war, machine and theatre) were novel in their conceptualisation of student/doctor–patient relationships, albeit that they have been reported in previous empirical literature to describe other target domains. In this paper, we discuss each of these metaphors and their associated entailments, including those found in our data and those absent from our data. We also differentiate between the unconscious use of metaphorical linguistic expressions by our participants and those serving a rhetorical function. Although analysing metaphoric talk is not without its difficulties, the construction of metaphoric models can help social researchers better understand how individuals conceptualise and construct student/doctor–patient relationships.
Experimental Study Showing a Diminished Cytosolic Antioxidative Capacity in Kidneys of Aged Rats

In response to the rising demand for renal transplantations, more and more marginal (e.g. older) organs are being transplanted with the result of decreasing graft survival rates. Ischemia-reperfusion injury via oxidative stress is thought to be the main pathogenetic factor for this phenomenon. The cytosolic antioxidative capacity (CAC; expressed as superoxide anion radical scavenging capacity and quantified as the amount of cytosol (=ID50), which scavenges 50% of superoxide anions generated by a defined xanthine oxidase activity in vitro) and the catalase activity were therefore quantified in renal tissues of young (10 weeks) and older (40 and 60 weeks) Wistar rats and compared to each other. CAC with an ID50 of 0.064 μl in 10-week-old rats was significantly higher than in older rats (0.152 μl in 40- and 0.100 μl in 60-week-old rats; p < 0.01). The catalase activity in 10-week-old rats was 18,200 ± 3,500 U/g w/w and 18,900 ± 850 U/g w/w in 40-week-old rats. In 60-week-old rats, however, catalase activity was found to be significantly less (7,500 ± 175 U/g w/w; p < 0.01). In conclusion, the aforementioned significant decrease of the cytosolic antioxidative capacity of kidneys in older rats should be the rationale for extensive cytoprotective, antioxidative treatment trials especially after renal transplantation from aged donors.
A Review of: “Pryce-Jones, J. (2010). Happiness at Work, Maximizing Your Psychological Capital for Success.”

The author is an organizational development (OD) specialist and CEO of her own consulting firm in the United Kingdom. Her book is an easy-to-read summary of the positive psychology and workplace engagement literature, written primarily for a lay audience. For a more scholarly review of similar material the reader is directed to the Oxford Handbook of Positive Psychology and Work (Linley, Harrington, Page, & Garcea, 2009). Still Pryce-Jones’s book will serve as a valuable resource for individuals striving to improve their own well-being and=or productivity in the workplace. The content of the book is primarily derived from three sources: the author’s experience as a consultant, her company’s workplace surveys, and her individual interviews with the leaders of various industries. Although the book’s Reference section does contain an extensive list of citations, the text itself rarely mentions the original sources. Without carefully examining the references the reader may falsely conclude that the book’s ideas are solely those of the author. In fact, much of the content is based on the ever-growing empirical literature on happiness and engagement in the workplace (see Fisher 2010, for a concise review). The book is divided into 10 chapters. Chapter 1 emphasizes the importance of the employee’s emotional well-being for high productivity. A positive work climate can add a distinct type of social capital to business, every bit as valuable as the organization’s financial assets. This discussion draws from the work on positive organizational scholarship (see Luthans, Avolio, & Youssef, 2006). The second chapter describes the survey research done by the author’s consulting firm. Her data illustrated the relationship between productivity and happiness. From the analysis the author identified five factors, or as she refers to them, the ‘‘five Cs,’’ necessary for happiness at work: contribution, conviction, confidence, culture, and commitment. Chapters 3 and 4 examine the first and most important ‘‘C,’’ contribution. This refers to the employee’s personal investment of effort in his or her work and the consequent achievement of important goals. Increased happiness on the job leads to an upward spiral of greater personal contributions followed by improved productivity. The author identified factors that further enhance well-being and ultimately sustain goal achievement, including developing Journal of Workplace Behavioral Health, 26:271–273, 2011 Copyright # Taylor & Francis Group, LLC ISSN: 1555-5240 print=1555-5259 online DOI: 10.1080/15555240.2011. 589756
Human and Epstein-Barr Virus miRNA Profiling as Predictive Biomarkers for Endemic Burkitt Lymphoma

Endemic Burkitt lymphoma (eBL) is an aggressive B cell lymphoma and is associated with Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) and Plasmodium falciparum malaria co-infections. Central to BL oncogenesis is the over-expression of the MYC proto-oncogene which is caused by a translocation of an Ig enhancer in approximation to the myc gene. While whole genome/transcriptome sequencing methods have been used to define driver mutations and transcriptional dysregulation, microRNA (miRNA) dysregulation and differential expression has yet to be fully characterized. We hypothesized that both human and EBV miRNAs contribute to eBL clinical presentation, disease progression, and poor outcomes. Using sensitive and precise deep sequencing, we identified miRNAs from 17 Kenyan eBL patient tumor samples and delineated the complement of both host and EBV miRNAs. One human miRNA, hsa-miR-10a-5p was found to be differentially expressed (DE), being down-regulated in jaw tumors relative to abdominal and in non-survivors compared to survivors. We also examined EBV miRNAs, which made up 2.7% of the miRNA composition in the eBL samples. However, we did not find any significant associations regarding initial patient outcome or anatomical presentation. Gene ontology analysis and pathway enrichment of previously validated targets of miR-10a-5p suggest that it can promote tumor cell survival as well as aid in evasion of apoptosis. To examine miR-10a-5p regulatory effect on gene expression in eBL, we performed a pairwise correlation coefficient analysis on the expression levels of all its validated targets. We found a significant enrichment of correlated target genes consistent with miR-10a-5p impacting expression. The functions of genes and their correlation fit with multiple target genes impacting tumor resilience. The observed downregulation of miR-10a and associated genes suggests a role for miRNA in eBL patient outcomes and has potential as a predictive biomarker that warrants further investigation.
On the Complexity of Sampling Nodes Uniformly from a Graph

We study a number of graph exploration problems in the following natural scenario: an algorithm starts exploring an undirected graph from some seed node; the algorithm, for an arbitrary node $v$ that it is aware of, can ask an oracle to return the set of the neighbors of $v$. (In social network analysis, a call to this oracle corresponds to downloading the profile page of user $v$ in a social network.) The goal of the algorithm is to either learn something (e.g., average degree) about the graph, or to return some random function of the graph (e.g., a uniform-at-random node), while accessing/downloading as few nodes of the graph as possible. Motivated by practical applications, we study the complexities of a variety of problems in terms of the graph's mixing time and average degree -- two measures that are believed to be quite small in real-world social networks, and that have often been used in the applied literature to bound the performance of online exploration algorithms. Our main result is that the algorithm has to access $\Omega\left(t_{\rm mix} d_{\rm avg} \epsilon^{-2} \ln \delta^{-1}\right)$ nodes to obtain, with probability at least $1-\delta$, an $\epsilon$-additive approximation of the average of a bounded function on the nodes of a graph -- this lower bound matches the performance of an algorithm that was proposed in the literature. We also give tight bounds for the problem of returning a close-to-uniform-at-random node from the graph. Finally, we give lower bounds for the problems of estimating the average degree of the graph, and the number of nodes of the graph.
Physiological regulation of the picrotoxin receptor by gamma- butyrolactones and gamma-thiobutyrolactones in cultured hippocampal neurons

We examined the effects of alkyl-substituted gamma-butyrolactones (GBLs), and gamma-thiobutyrolactones (TBLs) on GABA currents in cultured, voltage-clamped rat hippocampal neurons. Convulsant GBLs and TBLs reversiby diminished GABA responses in a concentration-dependent manner. beta-Ethyl-beta-methyl GBL (beta-EMGBL) completely abolished GABA responses at 3 mM (IC(50)390 microM), while TBL and beta-ethyl- beta-methyl TBL (beta-EMTBL)-induced inhibition of GABA currents was incomplete, saturating at about 50% of control at 300 microM and 10 mM for beta-EMTBL and TBL, respectively. beta-EMGBL and beta-EMTBL both increased the rate of decay of inhibitory post-synaptic currents (IPSCs) and beta-EMGBL also decreased IPSC peak amplitude. In contrast, the anticonvulsant alpha-ethyl-alpha-methyl TBL (alpha-EMTBL) potentiated GABA currents at all GABA concentrations tested; maximal potentiation was 190% of control at 1 mM alpha-EMTBL (EC50 102 microM). Another anticonvulsant alpha-ethyl-alpha-methyl GBL (alpha-EMGBL), potentiated responses to low (0.5 microM) but not high (greater than or equal to 10 microM) GABA. It also blocked the inhibitory effects of picrotoxin and beta-EMGBL and the facilitative effect of alpha-EMTBL on responses to 30 microM GABA. alpha-EMGBL did not interfere with other agents which augment GABA currents. Both alpha-EMTBL and alpha-EMGBL decreased the rate of IPSC decay without altering IPSC peak amplitude. None of these compounds had any direct membrane effects. We propose that beta-alkyl GBLs diminish GABA currents, and therefore, we hypothesize that these compounds are picrotoxin receptor agonists. beta- Alkyl TBLs partially diminish GABA currents and may be partial agonists. (ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
An efficient radiographic Image Retrieval system using Convolutional Neural Network

Content-Based Medical Image Retrieval (CBMIR) is an important research field in the context of medical data management. In this paper we propose a novel CBMIR system for the automatic retrieval of radiographic images. Our approach employs a Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) to obtain high-level image representations that enable a coarse retrieval of images that are in correspondence to a query image. The retrieved set of images is refined via a non-parametric estimation of putative classes for the query image, which are used to filter out potential outliers in favour of more relevant images belonging to those classes. The refined set of images is finally re-ranked using Edge Histogram Descriptor, i.e. a low-level edge-based image descriptor that allows to capture finer similarities between the retrieved set of images and the query image. To improve the computational efficiency of the system, we employ dimensionality reduction via Principal Component Analysis (PCA). Experiments were carried out to evaluate the effectiveness of the proposed system on medical data from the “Image Retrieval in Medical Applications” (IRMA) benchmark database. The obtained results show the effectiveness of the proposed CBMIR system in the field of medical image retrieval.
Master ’ s Thesis Title Performance Evaluation of TCP Congestion Control Mechanism based on Inline Network Measurement

TCP Reno is the most widely deployed variant of Transmission Control Protocol (TCP), meaning that almost all TCP implementations in the current OSs are based on that version of TCP. However, TCP has the problem that the performance deteriorates especially in large-bandwidth and long-delay networks. To solve the problem, our research group has proposed a congestion control mechanism as an alternative to the traditional TCP Reno. Our proposed mechanism uses the information of the physical and currently available bandwidth of the network path between sender and receiver hosts for congestion control. One of the novel idea of the proposed mechanism is that we deploy an algorithm based on a logistic growth model and a Lotka-Volterra competition model from biophysics in regulating the congestion window size of a TCP connection. The physical/available bandwidth information are obtained through an inline network measurement technique we has already proposed, which measures the bandwidth by using data/ACK packets belonging to the TCP connection, without using additional probing packets. Our research group has also proposed the Interrupt Coalescence-aware Inline Measurement (ICIM) for measuring bandwidth over 1 Gbps, which can not be obtained by existing measurement algorithms/tools. However, we have not evaluated the proposed congestion control mechanism with ICIM in highspeed and long-delay networks, whereas the proposed mechanism is intended to be deployed to such network environment. In this thesis, through extensive simulation experiments, we evaluate the performance of our mechanism in high-speed and long-delay networks. We evaluate the performance of our mechanism in terms of throughput, the change in the congestion window size and queue length of the bottleneck link. Also, we compare the performance of our mechanism with those of other existing TCP variants, and present that our mechanism achieves good performance. It achieves almost
Receiver Combining Compute-and-Forward

In this work, we present a generalized compute-and-forward scheme for the single input multiple output (SIMO) channels. The proposed receiver combining compute-and-forward is well-suited to settings where a single receiver is equipped with multiple antennas. We show that combining channel outputs in a specific way makes the effective channel more suitable for decoding successive linear combinations of messages, and thus recover all messages, than using individual channel outputs at each antenna. Furthermore, we provide empirical optimality of the proposed scheme for the 2-user SIMO MAC channels after showing that points on the boundary of capacity region are achievable by single point decoding without using time sharing or joint decoding.