Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Analysis of the response mechanisms of Pinellia ternata to terahertz wave stresses using transcriptome and metabolic data

Pinellia ternata (Thunb.) Breit. (Araceae), a significant medicinal plant, has been used to treat various diseases for centuries. Terahertz radiation (THZ) is located between microwaves and infrared rays on the electromagnetic spectrum. THZ possesses low single-photon energy and a spectral fingerprint, but its effects on plant growth have not yet been investigated. The study’s primary objective was to examine the transcriptome and metabolome databases of the SY line to provide a new perspective for identifying genes associated with resistance and growth promotion and comprehending the underlying molecular mechanism. Variations in the biological characteristics of P. ternata grown under control and experimental conditions were analyzed to determine the effect of THZ. Compared with the control group, phenotypic variables such as leaf length, petiole length, number of leaves, leaf petiole diameter, and proliferation coefficient exhibited significant differences. P. ternata response to THZ was analyzed regarding the effects of various coercions on root exudation. The experimental group contained considerably more sugar alcohol than the control group. The transcriptome analysis revealed 1,695 differentially expressed genes (DEGs), including 509 upregulated and 1,186 downregulated genes. In the KEGG-enriched plant hormone signaling pathway, there were 19 differentially expressed genes, 13 of which were downregulated and six of which were upregulated. In the metabolomic analysis, approximately 416 metabolites were uncovered. There were 112 DEMs that were downregulated, whereas 148 were upregulated. The P. ternata leaves displayed significant differences in phytohormone metabolites, specifically in brassinolide (BR) and abscisic acid (ABA). The rise in BR triggers alterations in internal plant hormones, resulting in faster growth and development of P. ternata. Our findings demonstrated a link between THZ and several metabolic pathway processes, which will enhance our understanding of P. ternata mechanisms.
Case Report: Comprehensive Management of Pneumocystis Jiroveci Pneumonia (PJP) and Secondary Infections of Multiple-Drug Resistant Enterobacter cloacae complex and Pseudomonas aeruginosa in a Kidney Transplant Recipient with Sulfonamide Allergies

Abstract We report a case of pneumocystis jiroveci pneumonia (PJP) in a 46-year-old woman, who previously underwent kidney transplant for chronic renal failure. She did not receive PJP prophylaxis treatment for the history of sulfonamide allergies. Four months after renal transplantation, the patient had cough, chest tightness, and shortness of breath. Procalcitonin (PCT) (0.06 ng/mL) and C-reactive protein (CRP) (5.33 mg/L) were normal, but the level of 1, 3-β-D-glucan test (G test, 193.89 pg/mL) were elevated. Metagenomics next-generation sequencing (mNGS) using bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) rapidly and accurately identified P. jiroveci. Through sulfonamide desensitization and sulfamethoxazole-trimethoprim (TMP-SMX) combined with caspofungin (CAS) treatment, PJP was controlled. However, the patients’ conditions were worsen for the hospital-acquired secondary pulmonary infection. A second BALF mNGS identified Enterobacter cloacae complex and Pseudomonas aeruginosa carrying carbapenem drug resistance genes, which were confirmed by subsequent culture and antimicrobial susceptibility test within 3 days. Finally, symptoms, such as chest tightness, cough, and shortness of breath, were improved and she was discharged after combined treatment with meropenem (MEM), polymyxin B (PMB), CAS, and TMP-SMX. In this case, mNGS, culture, and drug susceptibility testing were combined to monitor pathogenic microbial and adjust medication. At present, there are no case reports of mNGS use and sulfonamide desensitization in a kidney transplant recipient with sulfonamide allergies.
Wurm, Walentowska, et al. Task learnability and reinforcement learning 1 Running head: Task learnability and reinforcement learning Task learnability modulates surprise but not valence processing for reinforcement learning in probabilistic choice tasks

The goal of temporal difference (TD) reinforcement learning is to maximize outcomes and improve future decision making. It does so by utilizing a prediction error (PE), which quantifies the difference between the expected and the obtained outcome. In gambling tasks, however, decision making cannot be improved due to the lack of learnability. Based on the idea that TD utilizes two independent bits of information from the PE (valence and surprise), we asked which of these aspects is affected when a task is not learnable. We contrasted behavioral data and event-related potentials (ERPs) in a learning variant and a gambling variant of a simple two-armed bandit task, in which outcome sequences were matched across tasks. Participants were explicitly informed that feedback could be used to improve performance in the learning task but not in the gambling task, and we predicted a corresponding modulation of the aspects of the PE. We used a model-based analysis of ERP data to extract the neural footprints of the valence and surprise information in the two tasks. Our results revealed that task learnability modulates reinforcement learning via the suppression of surprise processing but leaves the processing of valence unaffected. Based on our model and the data, we propose that task learnability can selectively suppress TD learning as well as alter behavioral adaptation based on a flexible cost-benefit arbitration.
A new toroidal metamaterial phase shifter

In this paper, the design of a rectangular waveguide metamaterial (MTM) phase shifter will be introduced in X band. The main disadvantages of the class of waveguide MTM phase shifters include high insertion loss (about 10 dB) and high DC magnetic bias field requirement (6‐7 kOe), that treated in the proposed phase shifter scheme by using toroidal shape ferrite core in conjunction with metalized parallel microstrip lines and implementing the multi‐section matching network, that leads to 3.2 dB insertion loss and a simple bias mechanism such as conventional toroidal phase shifter without consisting any high reluctance air‐gap, which could be implemented by no need of any feather coil system or higher current values. The results of simultaneous ENG and MNG design procedure for 288° differential phase shift with the 2 cm ferrite core length, shows 4 times compactness of proposed phase shifter in comparison with conventional toroidal phase shifter.
The Earth's Land Surface: Landforms and Processes in Geomorphology

Preface PART ONE: VISUALIZING THE LAND SURFACE Recognizing the Land Surface Study of the Land Surface PART TWO: DYNAMICS OF THE LAND SURFACE Controls Affecting the Land Surface Processes and Dynamics of the Land Surface PART THREE: LANDFORM EVOLUTION The Changing Surface - Evolution of Landscapes PART FOUR: ENVIRONMENTS OF THE LAND SURFACE World Land Surface Landscapes Polar Regions: Arctic, Antarctic and High Latitudes Temperate and Mediterranean Environments Arid Environments Humid and Seasonally Humid Tropics Urban Landscapes PART FIVE: MANAGEMENT OF THE LAND SURFACE - FUTURE PROSPECTS Future Land Surfaces: Management of Change Glossary
Influence of Budget Allocations within Government Budget Execution on Market Participation: Case of Maize in the Southern Highland regions of Tanzania

Government budget allocations within budget execution are important in pushing the agricultural transformation agenda in Tanzania. However, agriculture public expenditure review studies show that with the exception of a few geographical areas in Tanzania, government budget allocations have generally been insufficient to bring about the desirable transformation from subsistence to commercial agriculture. Thus, this paper investigates the pivotal role of government budget allocations within budget execution in facilitating the commercialisation of maize, a crop that is both a major food and cash crop in Tanzania. It also assesses the factors that affect the performance of budget allocations. The descriptive survey design was employed whereby a cross-sectional survey was conducted to collect data from 180 local government officials in the Mbeya and Songwe regions that were sampled in the southern highland regions. Data was analysed through descriptive statistics and multiple regression using Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) software. The mean and standard deviation were used to measure budget allocations via the interpretation of means by Weak (Wk) and Strong (St). The findings show that the means of budget allocations were strong, and all four variables under it exerted a positive influence on maize commercialisation as measured through market participation. From the parameter estimates, standardised beta coefficient values were 0.468, 0.091, 0.030 and 0.167, respectively. In addition, the findings also show and confirm the requirement of the Maputo Declaration of 2003, which was reiterated by the Malabo Declaration of 2014, for governments in Africa to allocate at least 10% of their national budgets to agriculture. Based on the findings, the researchers conclude that effective and efficient budget allocations within budget execution are essential for achieving government development goals and objectives, including the transformation of agriculture from subsistence to commercial. It is recommended that the government should strengthen the budget execution process at all levels of government
Association of Three Different Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension Diet Indices with Renal Function in Renal Transplant Recipients

Several dietary indices assess the impacts of the Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension (DASH) diet on health outcomes. We explored DASH adherence and renal function among 85 Taiwanese renal transplant recipients (RTRs) in a cross-sectional study. Data collection included demographics, routine laboratory data, and 3-day dietary records. Three separate DASH indices, that defined by Camões (based on nine nutrients), that defined by Fung (using seven food groups and sodium), and that modified by Fung (as above but separated for men and women) were used. Renal function was ascertained through the estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) from patients’ medical records. Participants’ mean age was 49.7 ± 12.6 years and eGFR was 54.71 ± 21.48 mL/min/1.73 m2. The three established DASH diet indices displayed significant correlations (r = 0.50–0.91) and indicated the nutritional adequacy of the diet. Multiple linear regressions indicated a significant positive association between higher DASH scores for each index and increased eGFR. In addition, RTRs in the highest DASH score tertile had higher eGFR rates than those in the lowest tertile, regardless of confounding variables. Adherence to a DASH-style diet correlated with better renal function among RTRs. Educating RTRs about the DASH diet may prevent graft function deterioration.
Stenotrophomonas Maltophilia in Blood Stream Infections – An Overview

Stenotrophomonas maltophilia (S. maltophilia) is an emerging, multidrug resistant, pathogenic non-fermenting gram-negative bacillus in both immunocompromised and immunocompetent individuals. As this organism is ubiquitous in nature, it is reported to cause hospital acquired as well as community acquired infections. It has been linked to a wide range of diseases, such as pneumonia, blood stream infections, urinary tract infections, skin and soft tissue infections, meningitis, bone and joint infections and eye infections. The significance of S. maltophilia is well documented because of its distinct antibiotic susceptibility pattern from other Non Fermenting Gram Negative Bacilli (NFGNB). As no single medication is sufficiently effective against all NFGNBs, which in turn delays the start of suitable empirical treatment and raises morbidity and mortality, accurate identification, especially of S. maltophilia is crucial. Though various rapid identification methods are available, matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization-time of fight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS), enables more accurate identification of these troublesome pathogens resulting in the initiation of appropriate treatment without delay. Reports on MALDI-TOF analysis of S. maltophilia is lacking from our country.
Traditional knowledge possessed by the fishers of Marovo Lagoon, Solomon Islands, concerning fish aggregating behaviour.

Bob Johannes was asked by the Marovo Area Council to record important aspects of the traditional knowledge of Marovo Lagoon fishermen concerning their marine resources. His fieldwork was done during the last three weeks of May l987 with the assistance of Edvard Hviding. Hviding, who had been living in Marovo for a year, and was studying other aspects of traditional fishing and marine resource management, including customary marine tenure and its associated knowledge base (cf. Hviding 1988, 1996), had already gathered important information relevant to Johannes’ study, so they combined forces to write the report on which this brief article is based.
Introduction to coastal processes & geomorphology

1. Coastal systems 2. Sea level 3. Tides 4. Waves 5. Sediments, boundary layers and transport 6. Fluvial-dominated coastal environments - deltas 7. Tide-dominated coastal environments - Estuaries 8. Wave-dominated coastal environments - beaches and barriers 9. Coastal sand dunes 10. Geologically-controlled coastal environments - rocky shorelines and coral coasts 11. Coasts and climate change 12. Future coasts
Opportunity Recognition, an influence on refugees and asylum seekers social entrepreneurship in host countries: From the lens of the mixed embeddedness and effectual framewoks. The French Context.

This paper aims to highlight how harnessing female refugee activities through social entrepreneurship is beneficial to the country’s economy and a driver of refugee integration in host communities (Akter, Rahman, & Radicic, 2019). This paper bridges the conceptual and contextual gaps of female refugee social entrepreneurship literature (Czinkota. Khan & Knight, 2021; Elo,Aman & Täube,2018; Sinkovic & Reuber, 2021;Zucchella, 2021). It also addresses the scarcity of research on the relevance of gender in social entrepreneurship. Our main question is: How does opportunity recognition as a construct influence female refugees’ social entrepreneurship in the host country ? We draw upon the mixed embeddedness (Kloosterman, 2010; Kloosterman, Rusinovic & Yeboah,2016) and effectual lenses (Sarasvathy, 2008) to understand how female refugees become social entrepreneurs, and what makes them different.
Stacking of Basal Debris Layers Without Bulk Freezing-on: Isotopic Evidence from West Greenland

Abstract This paper tests and falsifies the theory that the development of thick sequences of vertically stacked clean and debris-laden ice layers at the margin of the Greenland ice sheet can be attributed solely to simple freezing-on of material at the bed. Isotopic analysis in δD and δ18O of ice from the ice-sheet margin near Søndre Stramfjord indicates that the debris-rich and debris-poor elements of the basal sequence have different origins. While the debris bands display isotopic fractionation consistent with a freezing origin, the intercalated clean ice layers do not. The clean ice layers have isotopic values indistinguishable from debris-bearing ice immediately above the debris-band sequence and from unaltered glacier ice, and are entrained by a different process from the debris bands. Debris may be entrained by freezing at the bed, but the development of a vertically stacked sequence of debris bands must be attributed to some other mechanism.
On the linear theory of double porosity thermoelasticity under local thermal non-equilibrium

Abstract In the present paper, the linear theory of thermoelasticity of double porosity materials under local thermal non-equilibrium is considered and the basic boundary value problems are investigated by using the boundary integral equation method (potential method). Indeed, the fundamental solution of system of steady vibrations equations of the considered theory is constructed explicitly by means of elementary functions and its basic properties are established. A Galerkin-type solution to this system of equations is presented and the completeness of this solution is proved. The basic internal and external boundary value problems of steady vibrations are formulated and the uniqueness theorems for classical solutions of these problems are proved. The basic properties of the surface and volume potentials and singular integral operators are established. Finally, the existence theorems for classical solutions of the above-mentioned boundary value problems are proved by using the potential method and the theory of singular integral equations.
Consumer Credit and Payment Cards

We consider debit and credit card networks. Our contribution is to introduce the role of consumer credit into these payment networks, and to assess the way this affects competition and equilibrium fees. We analyze a situation in which overdrafts are associated with current accounts and debit cards, and larger credit lines with 'grace' periods are associated with credit cards. If we just introduce credit cards, we find their merchant fees depend not only on the networks' cost of funds and the probability of default, but also on the interest rates of overdrafts. Whilst debit card merchant fees do not depend on funding costs or default risk in a debit-card only world, this changes when they start to compete with credit cards. First, debit merchant acceptance increases with the default probability, even though merchant fees increase. Second, an increase in funding costs causes a surprising increase in debit merchant fees. Effectively, the bank offering the debit card benefits from consumers maintaining a positive current account balance, when they use their credit instead of their debit card. As a result, this complementarity may lead to relatively high debit card merchant fees as the bank discourages debit card acceptance at the margin.
Radio observations of the merging galaxy cluster Abell 520

Context. Extended synchrotron radio sources are often observed in merging galaxy clusters. Studies of the extended emission help us to understand the mechanisms in which the radio emitting particles gain their relativistic energies. Aims. We examine the possible acceleration mechanisms of the relativistic particles that are responsible for the extended radio emission in the merging galaxy cluster Abell 520. Methods. We performed new 145 MHz observations with the LOw Frequency ARay (LOFAR) and combined these with archival Giant Metrewave Radio Telescope (GMRT) 323 MHz and Very Large Array (VLA) 1.5 GHz data to study the morphological and spectral properties of extended cluster emission. The observational properties are discussed in the framework of particle acceleration models associated with cluster merger turbulence and shocks. Results. In Abell 520, we confirm the presence of extended (760 × 950 kpc2) synchrotron radio emission that has been classified as a radio halo. The comparison between the radio and X-ray brightness suggests that the halo might originate in a cocoon rather than from the central X-ray bright regions of the cluster. The halo spectrum is roughly uniform on the scale of 66 kpc. There is a hint of spectral steepening from the SW edge towards the cluster centre. Assuming diffusive shock acceleration (DSA), the radio data are suggestive of a shock Mach number of ℳSW = 2.6−0.2+0.3 that is consistent with the X-ray derived estimates. This is in agreement with the scenario in which relativistic electrons in the SW radio edge gain their energies at the shock front via acceleration of either thermal or fossil electrons. We do not detect extended radio emission ahead of the SW shock that is predicted if the emission is the result of adiabatic compression. An X-ray surface brightness discontinuity is detected towards the NE region that may be a counter shock of Mach number ℳNEX = 1.52±0.05. This is lower than the value predicted from the radio emission which, assuming DSA, is consistent with ℳNE = 2.1 ± 0.2. Conclusions. Our observations indicate that the radio emission in the SW of Abell 520 is likely effected by the prominent X-ray detected shock in which radio emitting particles are (re-)accelerated through the Fermi-I mechanism. The NE X-ray discontinuity that is approximately collocated with an edge in the radio emission hints at the presence of a counter shock.
Serial echocardiographic evaluation of COVID-19 patients without prior history of structural heart disease: a 1-year follow-up CRACoV-HHS study

Background It is a well-known fact that COVID-19 affects the cardiovascular system by exacerbating heart failure in patients with preexisting conditions. However, there is a poor insight into the cardiovascular involvement and sequelae in patients without preexisting conditions. The aim of the study is to analyse the influence of COVID-19 on cardiac performance in patients without prior history of structural heart disease. The study is part of the CRACoV project, which includes a prospective design and a 12-month follow-up period. Material and methods The study included 229 patients hospitalised with a diagnosis of COVID-19 (median age of 59 years, 81 were women). A standard clinical assessment and laboratory tests were performed in all participants. An extended echocardiographic image acquisition was performed at baseline and at a 3-, 6-, and 12-month follow-up. All analyses were performed off-line. A series of echocardiographic parameters was compared using repeated measures or Friedman analysis of variance. Results In all subjects, the left ventricular (LV) ejection fraction at baseline was preserved [63.0%; Q1:Q3 (60.0–66.0)]. Elevated levels of high-sensitivity cardiac troponin T were detected in 21.3% of the patients, and elevated NT-proBNP levels were detected in 55.8%. At the 1-year follow-up, no significant changes were observed in the LV diameter and volume (LV 48.0 ± 5.2 vs. 47.8 ± 4.8 mm, p = 0.08), while a significant improvement of the parameters in the biventricular strain was observed (LV −19.1 ± 3.3% vs. −19.7 ± 2.5%, p = 0.01, and right ventricular −19.9 ± 4.5% vs. −23.2 ± 4.9%, p = 0.002). In addition, a decrease in the LV wall thickness was also observed (interventricular septum 10.4 ± 1.6 vs. 9.7 ± 2.0 mm, p < 0.001; LV posterior wall 9.8 ± 1.4 vs. 9.1 ± 1.5 mm, p < 0.001). Conclusions In an acute phase of COVID-19, the elevation of cardiac biomarkers in patients with normal left ventricular ejection fraction is a frequent occurrence; however, it does not translate into clinically significant cardiac dysfunction after 1 year. The serial echocardiographic evaluations conducted in patients without preexisting structural heart disease demonstrate an overall trend towards an improved cardiac function and a reduced myocardial thickening at 1-year follow-up. This suggests that the acute cardiac consequences of COVID-19 are associated with systemic inflammation and haemodynamic stress in patients without preexisting conditions.
Fast on-the-fly parametric real-time model checking

This paper presents a local algorithm for solving the universal parametric real-time model-checking problem. The problem may be phrased as follows: given a real-time system and temporal formula, both of which may contain parameters, and a constraint over the parameters, does every allowed parameter assignment ensure that the real-time system satisfies the formula? Our approach relies on translating these model-checking problems into predicate equation systems, and then using an efficient proof-search algorithm to solve these systems. Experimental data shows that our method substantially outperforms existing approaches for systems that contain errors, while exhibiting comparable behavior for systems that are correct. This fast error-detection capability of our technique makes it especially interesting for design approaches in which model checkers are used "early and often" to detect design errors in an ongoing manner