Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
A derivation of a class of 3-port baluns from symmetrical 4-port networks

This paper describes an approach in deriving the general conditions that need to be satisfied for a class of 3-port baluns. This is done by analyzing the behavior of a general symmetrical 4-port network when one of the ports is terminated with an arbitrary impedance. These conditions will be useful in devising new balun structures and in deriving exact design equations for such baluns. Examples will be presented for some known and new baluns in this class. These insights have also made the cascading of multisection baluns possible by specifying the overall requirements for the cascaded structures. Based on these results, a 3-section, Marchand-type, coupled-line balun has been designed and fabricated. Good agreements between simulation and measured results have been obtained, thereby verifying the validity of the design equations.
85-to-127 GHz CMOS Signal Generation Using a Quadrature VCO With Passive Coupling and Broadband Harmonic Combining for Rotational Spectroscopy

A quadrature LC-VCO incorporating passive coupling and broadband harmonic combining for frequency multiplication by 4, and NMOS switched variable inductors is fabricated in 65 nm bulk CMOS to generate signals at 85 to 127 GHz. The passive quadrature coupling bypasses the need for a broadband on-chip bias-T, while reducing power consumption, phase noise, and the theoretical conversion loss for the 4th order harmonic generation by 3 dB over the linear superposition. The 39% frequency tuning range is at least 4x higher than the other CMOS implementations with center frequency over 90 GHz. At power consumption of 30-45 mW from a 1.5 V power supply, the measured output power varies from -15 to -23 dBm and phase noise at 10 MHz offset varies from -108 to -102 dBc/Hz over the output frequency range. These are sufficient for use in millimeter wave rotational spectroscopy.
Longitudinal Assessment of Genetic and Epigenetic Markers in Oligodendrogliomas

Purpose: Because little is known about the evolution of genetic and epigenetic changes that occur during tumor progression in oligodendrogliomas, we evaluated these changes in paired early and progressive oligodendrogliomas. Experimental Design: 1p36, 19q13, 10q22-26, and O6-methylguanine-DNA methyltransferase (MGMT) promoter methylation status were assessed in 46 paired early and progressive oligodendrogliomas from 23 patients. Results: In early tumors, 60.8% were of low grade compared with only 17% low-grade tumors at recurrence. Of 17 early tumors described as pure oligodendrogliomas, 76.5% remained in this lineage, regardless of their grade, whereas others changed to astrocytic tumors. Oligoastrocytic tumors had a significantly higher tendency to transform to astrocytic tumors. All pure oligodendrogliomas with 1p/19q codeletions remained phenotypically unchanged, unlike mixed tumors with codeletions, of which 83% changed their cell lineage. Of tumors with early 1p deletion, 80% remained oligodendroglial at progression, whereas 75% of tumors with an intact 1p changed to astrocytic phenotype. 10q loss was uncommon in both early and progressive tumors. The proportional gain in methylation at progression was 31% for tumors with early 1p deletion, unlike tumors with an intact 1p, which had an 87.5% gain of methylation at progression. Conclusions: Pure oligodendrogliomas with 1p/19q deletion tend to retain their cell phenotype and genetic profile unlike tumors with no deletions or mixed histology. MGMT promoter methylation is more pronounced at tumor progression, particularly in tumors with an intact 1p. These observations suggest that MGMT promoter methylation is a late event in progressive oligodendrogliomas, and therefore, their chemosensitivity is not necessarily related to MGMT methylation status.
Reproductive Biology and Endocrinology Open Access Potential Targets of Transforming Growth Factor-beta1 during Inhibition of Oocyte Maturation in Zebrafish

Background: TGF-beta is a multifunctional growth factor involved in regulating a variety of cellular activities. Unlike mammals, the function of TGF-beta in the reproduction of lower vertebrates, such as fish, is not clear. Recently, we showed that TGF-beta1 inhibits gonadotropin-and 17alpha, 20beta-dihydroxyprogesterone (DHP)-induced maturation in zebrafish. The aim of the present study was to investigate the mechanisms underlying this action.
Analysis of Msx1; Msx2 double mutants reveals multiple roles for Msx genes in limb development

The homeobox-containing genes Msx1 and Msx2 are highly expressed in the limb field from the earliest stages of limb formation and, subsequently, in both the apical ectodermal ridge and underlying mesenchyme. However, mice homozygous for a null mutation in either Msx1 or Msx2 do not display abnormalities in limb development. By contrast, Msx1; Msx2 double mutants exhibit a severe limb phenotype. Our analysis indicates that these genes play a role in crucial processes during limb morphogenesis along all three axes. Double mutant limbs are shorter and lack anterior skeletal elements (radius/tibia, thumb/hallux). Gene expression analysis confirms that there is no formation of regions with anterior identity. This correlates with the absence of dorsoventral boundary specification in the anterior ectoderm, which precludes apical ectodermal ridge formation anteriorly. As a result, anterior mesenchyme is not maintained, leading to oligodactyly. Paradoxically, polydactyly is also frequent and appears to be associated with extended Fgf activity in the apical ectodermal ridge, which is maintained up to 14.5 dpc. This results in a major outgrowth of the mesenchyme anteriorly, which nevertheless maintains a posterior identity, and leads to formation of extra digits. These defects are interpreted in the context of an impairment of Bmp signalling.
Monotone versus positive

In connection with the least fixed point operator the following question was raised: Suppose that a first-order formula <italic>P</italic>(<italic>P</italic>) is (semantically) monotone in a predicate symbol <italic>P</italic> on finite structures. Is <italic>P</italic>(<italic>P</italic>) necessarily equivalent on finite structures to a first-order formula with only positive occurrences of <italic>P</italic>? In this paper, this question is answered negatively. Moreover, the counterexample naturally gives a uniform sequence of constant-depth, polynomial-size, monotone Boolean circuits that is not equivalent to any (however nonuniform) sequence of constant-depth, polynomial-size, positive Boolean circuits.
Abnormalities of upper gut motility in patients with slow-transit constipation.

OBJECTIVE To further delineate motor activity of the upper gastrointestinal tract in patients with slow-transit constipation. DESIGN A prospective study comparing healthy volunteers with patients with a clinical diagnosis of slow-transit constipation. METHODS Eighteen patients with clinical diagnosis of slow-transit constipation and 10 healthy controls were included in the study. Fasting antroduodenal motility was measured by perfusion manometry for at least one complete cycle of the migrating motor complex or a maximum of 300 min. Oesophageal manometry, gastric emptying and orocaecal transit time measurements were also performed. RESULTS At least one complete cycle of the migrating motor complex was observed in all controls, but in only nine patients (P < 0.01 versus control). The migrating motor complex cycle was incomplete (n = 5) or phase 3 activity was absent (n = 4) in the other patients. The incidence of clustered contractions was significantly increased in slow-transit constipation (P = 0.05 versus controls). The area under the contraction curve during late phase 2 (1509+/-296 mmHg x s) in patients with a complete cycle was significantly smaller than that in controls (2997+/-614 mmHg x s; P = 0.05). Orocaecal transit time was not significantly different among patients and controls, but oesophageal motility was abnormal in five of 18 patients and gastric emptying was abnormal in eight of 15 patients. CONCLUSION Abnormalities of upper gut motility occur frequently in patients with slow-transit constipation. Interdigestive antroduodenal motility is characterized by (i) absence or prolonged duration of the migrating motor complex, (ii) an increased number of clustered contractions, or (iii) a decreased motility during late phase 2 of the migrating motor complex.
Synthesis of PWM-based power gyrators

A systematic procedure to synthesize power gyrators operating at constant switching frequency is presented. Based on the gyrator equations, topological constraints on the power stage are first established and two types of gyrators, i.e., G and R, are defined. Subsequently, the equivalence between ideal sliding-dynamics and PWM zero-dynamics is used to derive the control law of the duty cycle. As a result, new gyrator structures are eventually disclosed. Namely, the buck converter with input filter and the Cuk converter are shown to have stable characteristic of a G-gyrator if damping networks are inserted and certain parametric conditions are satisfied. Similarly, a boost converter with output filter is also shown to behave as a power R-gyrator with stable dynamics.
Cerebrospinal Fluid Biomarker for Alzheimer Disease Predicts Postoperative Cognitive Dysfunction

Background:Postoperative cognitive dysfunction (POCD) affects 16 to 21% of the elderly 3 months after anesthesia and surgery and is associated with adverse outcomes. The exact cause of POCD remains unknown. The authors hypothesized that elderly individuals with Alzheimer disease (AD) neuropathology, identified by cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) analysis, would have increased the risk for POCD. Methods:CSF samples were collected from 59 patients 60 yr or older who received combined spinal and general anesthesia for elective total hip replacement. Patients underwent neuropsychological testing preoperatively and at 7 days, 3 months, and 12 months postoperatively. POCD at 3 months and cognitive decline at 12 months were calculated by using the reliable change index. CSF amyloid &bgr;1–42 (A&bgr;1–42), total-tau, phosphorylated-tau, and neurofilament light were assayed with enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay methods. Results:POCD was identified in 5 of 57 patients (8.8%) at 3 months. For A&bgr;1–42, 11 patients were below the cut-point for AD neuropathology of whom 3 were classified with POCD (27.3%; 95% CI, 6.0 to 61%), whereas of the 46 patients above the cut-point, 2 were classified with POCD (4.3%; 95% CI, 0.5 to 14.8%) (P = 0.01). There was no significant difference in the incidence of POCD in relation to the cut-points for any of the other analytes. Conclusions:Low CSF A&bgr;1–42 may be a significant predictor of POCD at 3 months. This indicates that patients with AD neuropathology even in the absence of clinically detectable AD symptoms may be susceptible to POCD.
Advances of Imaging for Hepatocellular Carcinoma

A variety of imaging modalities, including ultrasound (US), computed tomography (CT), magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), nuclear medicine, and angiography, are currently used in evaluating patients with chronic liver disease and suspected hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Further technological advancement will undoubtedly have a major impact on liver tumor imaging. Increased speed of data acquisition and consequently shorter scan times in CT and MRI show further improvement in resolution by further reducing motion artifacts. Development of new contrast materials for liver tumor imaging in US and MRI improve tumor detection and characterization by increasing the contrast resolution. Currently available advanced US techniques in the evaluation of HCC are various harmonic imaging techniques with contrast agents, volume imaging, and recently, US elastography, that has been developing and might play a role in characterizing liver nodules in the future. The latest advance in CT is the multidetector (MD) CT scanner where a 256- or 320-detector CT was introduced. Recent studies describe the high sensitivity of double arterial phase imaging in hepatic tumor detection and the usefulness of CT angiography by using MD CT in a detailed assessment of hepatic arterial anatomy using a three-dimensional dataset. In addition, perfusion CT imaging is also being developed and can be used for the characterization and treatment monitoring of HCC. Dual-energy CT with new technology is also continuously progressing. Advances in MR technology, including hardware and pulse sequence implementation, allow acquisition times to be reduced to the time frame of one breathhold, providing multiphasic dynamic MRI. Functional MRI including diffusion-weighted MRI, MR elastography, and new MR contrast agent with dual function have been investigated for the clinical utility of detection and characterization of HCCs. Functional MRI has a potential to be a promising technique for assessing HCC.
İki Uçlu Mizaç Bozukluğu ve Anksiyete Bozukluğu Ekhastaliği

Iki uclu mizac bozuklugu hastalarinin yasam boyu anksiyete bozuklugu ekhastaligi %24-93 olarak bulunmaktadir ve bu ekhastaligin tedavisi icin yapilmis bir tedavi yol gostericisi yoktur. Cogu iki uclu hastalarin coklu anksiyete bozuklugu vardir ve bu ekhastalik bu hastalar icin kotu prognozu gosterir.
In vivo imaging of CD8+ T cell-mediated elimination of malaria liver stages

CD8+ T cells are specialized cells of the adaptive immune system capable of finding and eliminating pathogen-infected cells. To date it has not been possible to observe the destruction of any pathogen by CD8+ T cells in vivo. Here we demonstrate a technique for imaging the killing of liver-stage malaria parasites by CD8+ T cells bearing a transgenic T cell receptor specific for a parasite epitope. We report several features that have not been described by in vitro analysis of the process, chiefly the formation of large clusters of effector CD8+ T cells around infected hepatocytes. The formation of clusters requires antigen-specific CD8+ T cells and signaling by G protein-coupled receptors, although CD8+ T cells of unrelated specificity are also recruited to clusters. By combining mathematical modeling and data analysis, we suggest that formation of clusters is mainly driven by enhanced recruitment of T cells into larger clusters. We further show various death phenotypes of the parasite, which typically follow prolonged interactions between infected hepatocytes and CD8+ T cells. These findings stress the need for intravital imaging for dissecting the fine mechanisms of pathogen recognition and killing by CD8+ T cells.
Characterization of the Stability and Folding of H2A.Z Chromatin Particles

H2A.Z and H2A.1 nucleosome core particles and oligonucleosome arrays were obtained using recombinant versions of these histones and a native histone H2B/H3/H4 complement reconstituted onto appropriate DNA templates. Analysis of the reconstituted nucleosome core particles using native polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and DNase I footprinting showed that H2A.Z nucleosome core particles were almost structurally indistinguishable from its H2A.1 or native chicken erythrocyte counterparts. While this result is in good agreement with the recently published crystallographic structure of the H2A.Z nucleosome core particle (Suto, R. K., Clarkson, M J., Tremethick, D. J., and Luger, K. (2000) Nat. Struct. Biol. 7, 1121–1124), the ionic strength dependence of the sedimentation coefficient of these particles exhibits a substantial destabilization, which is most likely the result of the histone H2A.Z-H2B dimer binding less tightly to the nucleosome. Analytical ultracentrifuge analysis of the H2A.Z 208-12, a DNA template consisting of 12 tandem repeats of a 208-base pair sequence derived from the sea urchin Lytechinus variegatus 5 S rRNA gene, reconstituted oligonucleosome complexes in the absence of histone H1 shows that their NaCl-dependent folding ability is significantly reduced. These results support the notion that the histone H2A.Z variant may play a chromatin-destabilizing role, which may be important for transcriptional activation.
Risk factors for frequent high alcohol consumption among Swedish secondary-school students.

OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to analyze the impact and possible causal interrelationships of psychological, psychosocial and socioeconomic factors on frequent high consumption of alcoholic beverages in a Swedish secondary-school student population. METHOD A cross-sectional study via questionnaire was administered to 1,384 high school students in Trelleborg, Sweden, from 1999 to 2001 (658 boys, 726 girls; response rates, 84.6% in 1999, 89.3% in 2000 and 91.7% in 2001). Logistic regression analyzed the relationship between various risk factors and frequent high alcohol consumption. RESULTS Interest in trying drugs was the strongest indicator for frequent high alcohol consumption, after adjusting for age, socioeconomic status and psychosocial risk factors (boys: odds ratio (OR) = 3.9, 95% confidence interval (CI): 2.5-6.0; girls: OR = 2.7, 95% CI: 1.8-3.9). This variable also had the highest population-attributable fraction (PAF; boys = 39%, girls = 29%). High purchasing power increased the risk of frequent high alcohol consumption (boys: OR = 2.1, 95% CI: 1.4-3.0; PAF = 25%; girls: OR = 1.6, 95% CI: 1.1-2.3; PAF = 16%). The association between high alcohol consumption and psychosocial factors differed by gender. Participation in organized team sports was associated with increased risk among boys (OR = 3.0, 95% CI: 2.0-4.7; PAF = 32%), but not girls (OR = 1.0, 95% CI: 0.7-1.5; PAF = 0%). Parental acceptance of alcohol consumption was more important for the latter (girls: OR =1.7, 95% CI: 1.2-2.3; PAF = 27%; boys: OR = 1.5, 95% CI: 1.0-2.1; PAF = 21%). CONCLUSIONS Psychological, psychosocial and socioeconomic elements were independent risk factors for frequent high alcohol consumption. Discrepancies in risk factor patterns between boys and girls suggest alternate approaches be considered in interventiods.
On the characteristics and reasons of long-lived internet flows

Prior studies of Internet traffic have considered traffic at different resolutions and time scales: packets and flows for hours or days, aggregate packet statistics for days or weeks, and hourly trends for months. However, little is known about the long-term behavior of individual flows. In this paper, we study individual flows (as defined by the 5-tuple of protocol, source and destination IP address and port) over days and weeks. While the vast majority of flows are short, and most bytes are in short flows, we find that about 20% of the overall bytes are carried in flows that last longer than 10 minutes, and flows lasting 100 minutes or longer make up 2% of traffic. We show that long-lived flows are qualitatively different from short flows: they are generally slower, less bursty, and are due to different applications. We investigate the causes of short- and long-lived flows, and show that the traffic mix varies significantly depending on duration time scale, with computer-to-computer traffic more and more dominating in larger time scales.
The moderating role of parenting on the relationship between psychopathy and antisocial behavior in adolescence

Abstract We aimed to analyze the impact of several parenting factors on the relationship between psychopathy and antisocial behavior. Nine hundred youths and their mothers reported on parent–youth interactions, and youth self-report measures of psychopathy, delinquency and violent behavior were taken. Multiple regression was used to test for the significance of interactions between parenting and psychopathy scores. In terms of delinquency, linear interactions between psychopathy and the level of conflict with parents and parents' knowledge of their youths' whereabouts/youths' willingness to disclose information were found based on the data reported by the youths. Data reported by mothers indicated a linear interaction between psychopathy and parents' knowledge/youth disclosure, and a quadratic interaction of conflict with parents. For violence, we used logistic regression models to analyze moderation. No interaction effects between psychopahy scores and parenting factors were found. Youths' reports of high conflict with parents and parents' knowledge/youth disclosure showed to have an impact on violence regardless of the level of psychopathic traits. Implications for the prevention and treatment are discussed.
Carbon in airway macrophages and lung function in children

BACKGROUND Epidemiologic studies indirectly suggest that the inhalation of carbonaceous particulate matter impairs lung function in children. Using the carbon content of airway macrophages as a marker of individual exposure to particulate matter derived from fossil fuel, we sought direct evidence of this association. METHODS Airway macrophages were obtained from healthy children through sputum induction, and the area of airway macrophages occupied by carbon was measured. Lung function was measured with the use of spirometry. We modeled the exposure to primary particulate matter (PM) that is less than 10 mum in aerodynamic diameter (PM10) at or near each child's home address. Linear regression was used to evaluate associations between carbon content of alveolar macrophages and variables that may affect individual exposure. To determine whether lung function that is reduced for other reasons is associated with an increase in the carbon content of airway macrophages, we also studied children with severe asthma. RESULTS We were able to assess the carbon content of airway macrophages in 64 of 114 healthy children (56 percent). Each increase in primary PM10 of 1.0 microg per cubic meter was associated with an increase of 0.10 microm2 (95 percent confidence interval, 0.01 to 0.18) in the carbon content of airway macrophages, and each increase of 1.0 microm2 in carbon content was associated with a reduction of 17 percent (95 percent confidence interval, 5.6 to 28.4 percent) in forced expiratory volume in one second, of 12.9 percent (95 percent confidence interval, 0.9 to 24.8 percent) in forced vital capacity, and of 34.7 percent (95 percent confidence interval, 11.3 to 58.1 percent) in the forced expiratory flow between 25 and 75 percent of the forced vital capacity. The carbon content of airway macrophages was lower in children with asthma than in healthy children. CONCLUSIONS There is a dose-dependent inverse association between the carbon content of airway macrophages and lung function in children. We found no evidence that reduced lung function itself causes an increase in carbon content.
A PSO Optimized Fuzzy Control Scheme for Mobile Robot Path Tracking

In this paper, a fuzzy controllers type Takagi_Sugeno is optimized by method of Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO). This algorithm automatically adjust the membership function of fuzzy controllers to control a trajectory of nonholonomic mobile robot that involves path trajectory using two optimized fuzzy controllers one for speed control and the other for azimuth control. The mobile robot is modelled in Simulink and PSO algorithm is implemented using MATLAB. Simulation results show good performance for the proposed control scheme. The results will compared with PSO-PID controllers that control the same model of mobile robot.
Simulation of human awareness control in spatiotemporal language understanding as mental image processing

Natural language can be the most convenient means for ordinary people at their intuitive interaction with home robots and among all its sublanguages, the spatiotemporal (or 4D) language is expected to be the most important when both the entities communicate each other in their casual scenes. As easily imagined, it is quite ordinary for people to understand a 4D expression with the mental image of a certain scene being described by it and therefore such a human mental process is worth simulating by computers in order to facilitate intuitive human-robot interaction. This paper attempts to model this human performance, considering what people attend to and how they control their awareness during spatiotemporal language understanding as mental image processing.