Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Question-based group authentication

There are various situations where a distinction needs to be made between group members and outsiders. For example, to protect students in chat groups from unpleasant incidents caused by intruders; or to provide access to common domains such as computer labs. In some of these situations the implications of unauthorized access are negligible. Thus, using an expensive authentication technique, in terms of equipment and maintenance, or requiring significant effort from the user, is wasteful and unjustified. Passwords are the cheapest access control mechanism but have memorability issues. As a result, various alternatives have been proposed. These solutions are often either insecure or expensive in terms of data collection and maintenance. In this paper we present a solution that is less costly since it is built on the data produced by user-system interactions. The mechanism relies on a dynamic (and unpredictable) shared secret. We report on our investigation into differentiating between group members and outsiders by means of their group characteristics. We also present an original analytical framework to facilitate the automatic generation of questions from group characteristics. Finally, we introduce a prototype of the mechanism.
SlimSell: A Vectorizable Graph Representation for Breadth-First Search

Vectorization and GPUs will profoundly change graph processing. Traditional graph algorithms tuned for 32- or 64-bit based memory accesses will be inefficient on architectures with 512-bit wide (or larger) instruction units that are already present in the Intel Knights Landing (KNL) manycore CPU. Anticipating this shift, we propose SlimSell: a vectorizable graph representation to accelerate Breadth-First Search (BFS) based on sparse-matrix dense-vector (SpMV) products. SlimSell extends and combines the state-of-the-art SIMD-friendly Sell-C-σ matrix storage format with tropical, real, boolean, and sel-max semiring operations. The resulting design reduces the necessary storage (by up to 50%) and thus pressure on the memory subsystem. We augment SlimSell with the SlimWork and SlimChunk schemes that reduce the amount of work and improve load balance, further accelerating BFS. We evaluate all the schemes on Intel Haswell multicore CPUs, the state-of-the-art Intel Xeon Phi KNL manycore CPUs, and NVIDIA Tesla GPUs. Our experiments indicate which semiring offers highest speedups for BFS and illustrate that SlimSell accelerates a tuned Graph500 BFS code by up to 33%. This work shows that vectorization can secure high-performance in BFS based on SpMV products; the proposed principles and designs can be extended to other graph algorithms.
CPY3A4-Mediated α-Hydroxyaldehyde Formation in Saquinavir Metabolism

Saquinavir (SQV) is a protease inhibitor widely used for the treatment of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection. We profiled SQV metabolism in mice using a metabolomic approach. Thirty SQV metabolites were identified in mouse feces and urine, of which 20 are novel. Most metabolites observed in mice were recapitulated in human liver microsomes. Among these novel metabolites, one α-hydroxyaldehyde produced from SQV N-dealkylation was noted and verified for the first time. Meanwhile, the corresponding product (3S)-N-tert-butyldecahydro-isoquinoline-3-carboxamide and its further metabolites were identified in mouse urine. The α-hydroxyaldehyde pathway was confirmed by using semicarbazide as a trapping reagent as well. Using recombinant cytochrome P450 (CYP450) isoenzymes and Cyp3a-null mice, CYP3A was identified as the dominant enzyme contributing to the formation of α-hydroxyaldehyde. This study enhances our knowledge of SQV metabolism, which can be used for predicting drug-drug interactions and further understanding the mechanism of adverse effects associated with SQV.
Constraining the Size Growth of the Task Space with Socially Guided Intrinsic Motivation using Demonstrations

This paper presents an algorithm for learning a highly redundant inverse model in continuous and non-preset environments. Our Socially Guided Intrinsic Motivation by Demonstrations (SGIM-D) algorithm combines the advantages of both social learning and intrinsic motivation, to specialise in a wide range of skills, while lessening its dependence on the teacher. SGIM-D is evaluated on a fishing skill learning experiment.
Large Margin Dimensionality Reduction for Action Similarity Labeling

Action recognition in videos is receiving extensive research interest due to its wide applications. This task needs to assign a specific action class for each video. In this paper, we study the problem of action similarity labeling (ASLAN) that is to verify whether two action videos present the same type of action or not. We show that both Fisher vector (FV) and vector of locally aggregated descriptors (VLAD) with dense trajectory features can achieve state-of-the-art performance on the ASLAN benchmark. Our main contribution is to develop a large margin dimensionality reduction (LMDR) method to compress high-dimensional FV and VLAD. Specially, we leverage the hinge loss objective function and stochastic gradient descent to optimize the discriminative projection matrix of these vectors. Extensive experiments on the ASLAN dataset indicate that our LMDR method not only reduces the dimension significantly but also improves the verification performance.
Linear row and column predictors for the analysis of resized images

This paper adds a new perspective to the analysis and detection of periodic interpolation artifacts in resized digital images. Instead of relying on a single, global predictor, we discuss how the specific structure of resized images can be explicitly modeled by a series of linear predictors. Characteristic periodic correlations between neighboring pixels are then measured in the estimated predictor coefficients itself. Experimental results on a large database of images suggest a superior detection performance compared to state-of-the-art methods.
Putting the Whole Grain Puzzle Together: Health Benefits Associated with Whole Grains—Summary of American Society for Nutrition 2010 Satellite Symposium123

The symposium “Putting the Whole Grain Puzzle Together: Health Benefits Associated with Whole Grains” sponsored by the ASN brought together researchers to review the evidence regarding the health benefits associated with whole grains. Current scientific evidence indicates that whole grains play an important role in lowering the risk of chronic diseases, such as coronary heart disease, diabetes, and cancer, and also contribute to body weight management and gastrointestinal health. The essential macro- and micronutrients, along with the phytonutrients present in whole grains, synergistically contribute to their beneficial effects. Current evidence lends credence to the recommendations to incorporate whole grain foods into a healthy diet and lifestyle program. The symposium also highlighted the need for further research to examine the role of whole grain foods in disease prevention and management to gain a better understanding of their mechanisms of action.
Complexity and Conservation of Thermospermine-Responsive uORFs of SAC51 Family Genes in Angiosperms

ACAULIS5 (ACL5) encodes thermospermine synthase in Arabidopsis and its loss-of-function mutant acl5 shows excess xylem differentiation and severe dwarfism. SAC51 encodes a basic helix-loop-helix (bHLH) protein and was identified from sac51-d, a dominant suppressor mutant of acl5, which restores the wild-type phenotype without thermospermine. The 5′ leader of the SAC51 mRNA contains multiple upstream open-reading frames (uORFs) and sac51-d has a premature stop codon in the fourth uORF. This uORF is conserved among SAC51 family genes in vascular plants. According to the GUS reporter assay, the SAC51 promoter was not responsive to thermospermine but the SAC51 5′ leader fused to the constitutive 35S promoter enhanced the GUS activity in response to thermospermine. Disruption experiments of each start codon of the SAC51 uORFs revealed that uORF4 and uORF6 whose start codon corresponds to the second methionine codon of uORF4 had an inhibitory effect on the main ORF translation while the other four uORFs rather had a stimulatory effect. The response of the 5′ leader to thermospermine was retained after disruption of each one of six start codons of these uORFs but abolished by mutating both uORF4 and uORF6 start codons, suggesting the importance of the C-terminal sequence shared by these uORFs in the action of thermospermine. We introduced GUS fusions with 5′ leaders of SAC51 family genes from other angiosperm species into Arabidopsis and found that all 5′ leaders responsive to thermospermine, so far examined, contained these two conserved, and overlapping uORFs.
Sentiment Analysis Based on Probabilistic Models Using Inter-Sentence Information

This paper proposes a new method of the sentiment analysis utilizing inter-sentence structures especially for coping with reversal phenomenon of word polarity such as quotation of others opinions on an opposite side. We model these phenomenon using Hidden Conditional Random Fields(HCRFs) with three kinds of features: transition features, polarity features and reversal (of polarity) features. Polarity features and reversal features are doubly added to each word, and each weight of the features are trained by the common structure of positive and negative corpus in, for example, assuming that reversal phenomenon occured for the same reason (features) in both polarity corpus. Our method achieved better accuracy than the Naive Bayes method and as good as SVMs.
Video Compression Using MPEG

In this paper the mpeg compression technique is being performed. The different encoding and decoding time were calculated . After observing for different no. of frames per iteration it was observed that encoding takes few minutes to encode the data but the decoding procedure is finished of in few seconds. i.e. if encoding is done the decoding is very fast.
The Structure and Function of the Na,K-ATPase Isoforms in Health and Disease

The sodium and potassium gradients across the plasma membrane are used by animal cells for numerous processes, and the range of demands requires that the responsible ion pump, the Na,K-ATPase, can be fine-tuned to the different cellular needs. Therefore, several isoforms are expressed of each of the three subunits that make a Na,K-ATPase, the alpha, beta and FXYD subunits. This review summarizes the various roles and expression patterns of the Na,K-ATPase subunit isoforms and maps the sequence variations to compare the differences structurally. Mutations in the Na,K-ATPase genes encoding alpha subunit isoforms have severe physiological consequences, causing very distinct, often neurological diseases. The differences in the pathophysiological effects of mutations further underline how the kinetic parameters, regulation and proteomic interactions of the Na,K-ATPase isoforms are optimized for the individual cellular needs.
Neural network model of serial learning

A brief introduction to neural networks is given, and correspondences between the elements of such networks and the primitive objects of APL are indicated. A neural network model is presented for simulating serial learning, the ability of an animal to respond in a prescribed sequence to an array of stimuli presented simultaneously. The particular network presented is intended to model stimulus-response (s-r) chaining, a behaviorist theory of serial learning. Some results obtained from running the network are discussed.
Parallel Smoothing for Grid-Based Methods

Generation of hexahedral meshes using grid-based approaches hold tremendous promise for full automation and scalability. Among the challenges faced, however is the critical mesh quality issue. Although grid-based methods can be general purpose and fully automatic, typical results can often yield unusable elements near the boundaries. In this work we present a practical approach to mesh quality improvement through smoothing of hexahedral meshes. We also focus, on the parallel problem and the challenges of smoothing in a distributed environment. To begin, we utilize the distributed meshing procedure, described in [1] and limit our application to volumetric domains bounded by implicit surface representations. Numerical procedures relying on a geometric decomposition of the domain often generate small differences in the solution, based upon the number of processors used or the selected decomposition strategy. For this application, parallel consistency where the exact same result, to machine accuracy, is expected, regardless of the number of processors used or decomposition strategy employed. This work advocates and leverages the excellent work of many authors and practitioners in this field [2]-[6]. For our purposes, we define acceptable quality
Perceptions of anatomy: Critical components in the clinical setting

The evolution in undergraduate medical school curricula has significantly impacted anatomy education. This study investigated the perceived role of clinical anatomy and evaluated perceptions of medical students' ability to apply anatomical knowledge in the clinic. The aim of this study was to develop a framework to enhance anatomical educational initiatives. Unlike previous work, multiple stakeholders (clinicians, medical students, and academic anatomists) in anatomy education were evaluated. Participants completed an eleven‐point Likert scale survey written by the investigators. Responses from both clinical educators and medical students at Penn State Milton S. Hershey Medical Center and College of Medicine suggest that medical students are perceived as ill‐prepared to transfer anatomy to the clinic. Although some areas of patient management differ in relevancy to anatomical education, there are areas of clinical care which were uniformly ranked as relying heavily on anatomical knowledge (imaging and diagnostic studies, physical examination, and arrival at correct diagnosis) by a variety of clinical specialists. Our results suggest a need for advanced anatomy courses to be taught coincidental with medical students' clinical education. Development of these courses would optimally rely on input from both clinicians and academic anatomists, as both cohorts rated clinical anatomy similarly (P ≥ 0.05). Additionally, we hypothesize that preclinical students' application of anatomy would be enhanced if clinical context was derived from areas of clinical care which rely heavily on anatomy, whereas courses designed for advanced medical students will benefit from anatomical context focused on specialty specific aspects of clinical care identified in this study. © 2012 American Association of Anatomists.
Polyandry and alternative mating tactics

Many species in the animal kingdom are characterized by alternative mating tactics (AMTs) within a sex. In males, such tactics include mate guarding versus sneaking behaviours, or territorial versus female mimicry. Although AMTs can occur in either sex, they have been most commonly described in males. This sex bias may, in part, reflect the increased opportunity for sexual selection that typically exists in males, which can result in a higher probability that AMTs evolve in that sex. Consequently, females and polyandry can play a pivotal role in governing the reproductive success associated with male AMTs and in the evolutionary dynamics of the tactics. In this review, we discuss polyandry and the evolution of AMTs. First, we define AMTs and review game theoretical and quantitative genetic approaches used to model their evolution. Second, we review several examples of AMTs, highlighting the roles that genes and environment play in phenotype expression and development of the tactics, as well as empirical approaches to differentiating among the mechanisms. Third, ecological and genetic constraints to the evolution of AMTs are discussed. Fourth, we speculate on why female AMTs are less reported on in the literature than male tactics. Fifth, we examine the effects of AMTs on breeding outcomes and female fitness, and as a source, and possibly also a consequence, of sexual conflict. We conclude by suggesting a new model for the evolution of AMTs that incorporates both environmental and genetic effects, and discuss some future avenues of research.
Whom to mention: expand the diffusion of tweets by @ recommendation on micro-blogging systems

Nowadays, micro-blogging systems like Twitter have become one of the most important ways for information sharing. In Twitter, a user posts a message (tweet) and the others can forward the message (retweet). Mention is a new feature in micro-blogging systems. By mentioning users in a tweet, they will receive notifications and their possible retweets may help to initiate large cascade diffusion of the tweet. To enhance a tweet's diffusion by finding the right persons to mention, we propose in this paper a novel recommendation scheme named as whom-to-mention. Specifically, we present an in-depth study of mention mechanism and propose a recommendation scheme to solve the essential question of whom to mention in a tweet. In this paper, whom-to-mention is formulated as a ranking problem and we try to address several new challenges which are not well studied in the traditional information retrieval tasks. By adopting features including user interest match, content-dependent user relationship and user influence, a machine learned ranking function is trained based on newly defined information diffusion based relevance. The extensive evaluation using data gathered from real users demonstrates the advantage of our proposed algorithm compared with the traditional recommendation methods.
Clinical Use and Mechanisms of Infliximab Treatment on Inflammatory Bowel Disease: A Recent Update

The pathogenesis and treatment of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) have been recently advanced, while it is still challenged with high morbidity and poor prognosis. Infliximab, a monoclonal antibody of tumor necrosis factor (TNF), has emerged as an efficient treatment with many clinical benefits such as quick disease activity reduction and IBD patient life quality improvement. However, the biological effects of infliximab on IBD need to be elucidated. This paper reviewed the clinical use and recently advanced biological action of infliximab on IBD. By forming the stable complex with the soluble or the membrane form of TNF in fluid environment or on cell surface of immune cell, fibroblast, endothelium, and epithelium, infliximab quenches TNF activity and performs the important biological actions which lead to amelioration and remission of immune responses. The mechanisms of infliximab treatment for IBD were intensively discussed. The recent advances on two topics including predictors and side effects of infliximab treatment were also reviewed.
Acute respiratory health effects of urban air pollutants in adults with different patterns of underlying respiratory disease.

OBJECTIVE Whether underlying chronic respiratory diseases are susceptible factors for symptomatic episodes, which lead to primary-level care, in association with air pollutant exposures is unknown. We evaluated and compared association lag structures between daily ambient levels of nitrogen dioxide (NO(2)) and total suspended particulates (TSP) and respiratory symptom-related doctor visits in adults with different patterns of underlying chronic respiratory disease. METHODS In a time-stratified case-crossover analysis nested within a diary panel study, 459 Swiss adult participants with asthma, chronic bronchitis, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and healthy participants recorded occurrence of respiratory-symptom related doctor visits (n = 1,048) in one to six four-week intervals over two years. For each disease subgroup, odds ratios (ORs) for doctor visit were estimated as a function of NO(2) or TSP concentrations (per 10 micrograms per cubic meter [µg/m(3)]) lagged between 0-13 days in a polynomial distributed lag model. RESULTS Higher ORs for NO(2) in participants with COPD (OR: 1.17, 95%CI: 1.02-1.35) and asthma (OR: 1.15, 95%CI: 1.02-1.30) occurred at exposure lags of two and five days, respectively. Doctor visits increased by 9.1% (95%CI: 3.2-15.4%) and 4.2% (95%CI: 1.2-7.2%) over the first week following a 10 µg/m(3) increase in NO(2) concentration in the COPD and chronic bronchitis subgroups, respectively. The percent increase in the COPD subgroup was significantly greater (p <0.05) when compared with the healthy subgroup. Observed findings were similar for TSP. CONCLUSIONS Respiratory problems leading to a doctor visit, associated with an increase in exposure to NO(2) and TSP, may have a faster dynamic in individuals with COPD.
Influence of dietary protein, fat or amino acids on the response of weanling swine to aflatoxin B1.

Two experiments were conducted using corn from clean or aflatoxin B1 (AFB1)-contaminated (182 ppb) sources. Weanling pigs (28 d) were fed one of eight dietary treatments arranged in a 2 x 2 x 2 factorial design. In Exp. 1 (192 pigs), treatments varied in corn source (clean or AFB1-contaminated), CP level (18 or 20%) and added fat (0 or 5%). At the end of the 28-d growth trials, plasma samples were obtained. An AFB1 x CP level interaction was detected (P less than .05) for growth rate (ADG), feed intake (FI) and feed/gain ratio (F/G). Feeding AFB1 reduced (P less than .05) ADG (.30 vs .37 kg/d) and FI (.57 vs .66 kg/d) and increased F/G (1.88 vs 1.78) of pigs fed 18% CP diets. Performance of pigs fed 20% CP diets was not altered by AFB1. Adding 5% fat to diets improved (P less than .05) F/G but did not improve ADG of pigs fed AFB1. There was an AFB1 x CP x fat interaction (P less than .05) for plasma cholesterol. Adding fat or increasing the CP level prevented the depression of plasma cholesterol in pigs fed AFB1. In Exp. 2 (96 pigs), all diets contained 18% CP and the treatments varied in corn source (clean or AFB1-contaminated), added L-lysine HCl (0 or .25%) and added DL-methionine (0 or .15%). Feeding AFB1 reduced (P less than .05) ADG of pigs fed the 18% CP diet (.44 vs .50 kg/d) but not of pigs fed diets supplemented with . 25% lysine. (ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Creatine monohydrate in ALS: Effects on strength, fatigue, respiratory status and ALSFRS

Our objective was to determine the effect of creatine monohydrate on disease progression in patients with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). One hundred and seven patients with the diagnosis of probable or definite ALS, of less than five years duration from symptom onset, were randomized to either treatment with daily creatine monohydrate (5 g/d) or placebo. In this multicenter, double-blinded study we followed changes in disease progression: using quantitative measures of strength via maximal isometric voluntary contraction, forced vital capacity, ALSFRS, quality of life, fatigue and survival. Patients were followed for nine months. The results showed that creatine monohydrate did not significantly improve motor, respiratory or functional capacity in this patient population. The drug was well tolerated and the study groups well balanced, especially considering the absence of forced vital capacity criteria for entrance into the study. There was a trend toward improved survival in patients taking daily creatine monohydrate and this was identical to the trend seen in another recently published report of creatine in ALS patients 1. In conclusion, creatine monohydrate (5 g/d) did not have an obvious benefit on the multiple markers of disease progression measured over nine months. We measured fatigue during isometric contraction and found no significant improvement despite anecdotal patient reports prior to and during the study. The trend toward improved survival was also found in another recently completed blinded trial using creatine monohydrate. Further investigation on the possible survival benefit of creatine in this patient population is ongoing.