Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Cement Stratigraphy of Pennsylvanian Holder Formation, Sacramento Mountains, New Mexico

Cyclic strata of the Holder Formation (Virgilian, New Mexico) were deposited across a Pennsylvanian shelf-to-basin transition during a time when sea level fluctuated over tens of meters. Cement-stratigraphy studies indicate abundant calcite precipitation from low-temperature fresh water within shelf, shelf-crest, and shelf-edge marine limestones. Freshwater cementation occurred during 15 periods of intraformational subaerial exposure. These early cements are least abundant in basin and lagoon limestones. The distribution of the early cement zones suggests that cementation was controlled by paleotopography, stratigraphic position below subaerial exposure surfaces, lithology, and configuration of the paleoaquifer system. Distribution of early calcite cements provides new data for interpretation of cycles, diagenetic systems, and porosity evolution in petroleum reservoirs. Trace-element analyses support a low-temperature, freshwater origin for the early cements. Cement-stratigraphy studies, fluid-inclusion analyses, and trace-element analyses indicate a later cement that occluded remaining limestone porosity precipitated from a sodium- and calcium-rich brine at a temperature of about 100°C. Stratigraphic reconstruction dates this cementation as Cretaceous or later. Fluorescent, oil-filled fluid inclusions were trapped along fractures in the late cement, indicating oil migration during or after late-stage cementation.
Emission inventory development and processing for the Seasonal Model for Regional Air Quality (SMRAQ) project

This paper describes the experiences and insights gained from inventory preparation and emissions processing for the Seasonal Model for Regional Air Quality (SMRAQ) project. The emission inventory was derived from the 1990 and 1995 Ozone Transport Assessment Group (OTAG) inventories. Here we outline the emissions processing strategy used for the May-to-September simulation, summarize the inventory characteristics and corrections made on the OTAG inventories, and describe the quality assurance steps taken as part of the processing. We then provide spatial maps and daily total time series charts of the hourly, gridded emissions of nitrogen oxides (NOx), reactive organic gases (ROG), and carbon monoxide (CO). Large peaks from electric utility point sources and urban mobile sources characterize the NOx emissions, and the NOx emissions in nonpeak regions are primarily mobile-source emissions. ROG emissions are dominated by biogenic isoprene production in the southern United States, and they have a strong seasonal variability. CO emissions are characterized by less variability, with area and mobile sources dominating the inventory. We compare ratios of season-average nonmethane organic gases to NOx between the emission inventory and the Photochemical Assessment Monitoring Stations (PAMS) data, and these comparisons show poor correlation between the inventory and ambient ratios.
Quality Assessment and Assurance of Machine Learning Systems: A Comprehensive Approach

Machine learning (ML) is opening up new opportunities for the development of innovative systems across a wide range of industries. However, assessing and ensuring the quality of systems with ML components introduces unique challenges related to inherent characteristics of such components like data centricity and unpredictable behavior. Traditional software quality assessment and assurance methods may not be sufficient for ML systems: (1) they focus on software code, while ML systems' quality is influenced by the characteristics of the data and the algorithms used to create ML components; (2) they do not cover the emerging quality characteristics specific to ML systems, such as interpretability, explainability, fairness and trustworthiness. This PhD project aims to develop a comprehensive approach for assessing and assuring the quality of ML systems, with a focus on bias detection and prevention. The research will (1) explore the problem of bias in production ML systems; (2) analyze the gaps in existing software quality models and methods related to bias detection and prevention; and (3) propose an improved approach to quality assessment and assurance to address the challenges associated with bias in ML systems. The results of this PhD project are expected to contribute to the development of better models and methods for assessing and assuring the quality of ML systems, as well as have practical implications for industries that rely on ML systems to automate complex tasks, facilitate decision-making processes and gain insights from large amounts of data.
ChIP-seq of plasma cell-free nucleosomes identifies cell-of-origin gene expression programs

Abstract: Genomic DNA is packed by histone proteins that carry a multitude of post-translational modifications that reflect cellular transcriptional state. Cell-free DNA (cfDNA) is derived from fragmented chromatin in dying cells, and as such it retains the histones markings present in the cells of origin. Here, we pioneer chromatin immunoprecipitation followed by sequencing of cell-free nucleosomes (cfChIP-seq) carrying active chromatin marks. Our results show that cfChIP-seq provides multidimensional epigenetic information that recapitulates the epigenetic and transcriptional landscape in the cells of origin. We applied cfChIP-seq to 268 samples including samples from patients with heart and liver pathologies, and 135 samples from 56 metastatic CRC patients. We show that cfChIP-seq can detect pathology-related transcriptional changes at the site of the disease, beyond the information on tissue of origin. In CRC patients we detect clinically-relevant, and patient-specific information, including transcriptionally active HER2 amplifications. cfChIP-seq provides genome-wide information and requires low sequencing depth. Altogether, we establish cell-free chromatin immunoprecipitation as an exciting modality with potential for diagnosis and interrogation of physiological and pathological processes using a simple blood test. One Sentence Summary ChIP-seq of plasma-circulating nucleosomes (cfChIP-seq) from a simple blood test provides detailed information about gene expression programs in human organs, and cancer.
Effect of Rehabilitation Exercises on Shoulder Function after Proximal Humeral Fracture Surgery

Background: Proximal humeral fractures are among the most common fractures. Functional recovery of shoulder is often slow and many people have ongoing disability during activities of daily life. Aim: To evaluate effect of rehabilitation exercises on shoulder function after proximal humeral fracture Surgery. Research design: Quasi-experimental research design. Setting: Trauma unit and orthopedic outpatient clinic at Assiut University Hospital. Sample: A convenient sample of one hundred patients with aged from (18-75) years old and from both sexes with proximal humeral fracture, divided into two equal groups (50 patients for each). Tools: I " Patient's health needs assessment sheet ", II " Shoulder function index ", Tool III " Numerical Rating Pain Scale" Results : There was a statistically significant difference between the study and the control group regarding total mean score of the shoulder function index & pain level during follow up periods after application of rehabilitation exercises post proximal humeral fracture Surgery (p-value 0.0179* &0.003 respectively). Conclusion : Application of exercises has positive effect on improving shoulder function and reducing pain after proximal humeral fracture surgery. Recommendations: rehabilitation exercises are recommended to be an integral part of the pre-operative nursing teaching for patients undergoing proximal humeral fracture surgery and a booklet should be available at Trauma Unit and Orthopedic outpatient clinic as a reference.
C5050: An Efficient Framework for Author Identification Using Deep Learning

— Author identification aims to uncover the individuals responsible for creating texts, and it is a burgeoning field of research with diverse applications in literary analysis, cybersecurity, forensics, and social media investigations. The primary goal of this paper is to perform an analysis on author identification. We introduce two main elements within this study. The initial element utilizes six machine learning (ML) techniques: Decision Trees (DT), Logistic Regression (LR), k Nearest Neighbors (K-NN), Random Forests (RF), Support Vector Machines (SVM), and Naive Bayes (NB), with the application of the TF-IDF method for feature extraction. The second part involves the experimentation with two variations of Deep Learning (DL) models—specifically Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM) and Gated Recurrent Unit (GRU)— employing word embedding for the input vector. To validate our approach, we conducted an experimental study using the Reuters 50_50 dataset, employing two learning modes: Hold-out and 10-fold cross validation. The obtained results, measured in terms of Accuracy (ACC), Precision (PREC), Recall (REC), and F1-score (F1), demonstrate the superior performance of DL techniques when employing a 10-fold cross-validation strategy compared to the current state-of-the-art methods. The experiments detailed in this paper showcase the efficacy of our proposed DL models, yielding the best results for author identification.
On the Foundations of Ex Post Incentive-Compatible Mechanisms

This paper considers an interdependent-value robust mechanism design problem, where the principal has little knowledge about the agent’s belief. Although ex post incentive-compatible (EPIC) mechanisms can implement allocations without any knowledge about the agent’s belief, we show that, under a certain condition (order-reversing interdependence), there exists a non-EPIC mechanism that achieves a strictly higher expected revenue than any EPIC mechanism given whatever (admissible) belief structure the agent may enjoy. Conversely, with sufficiently small interdependence, such a non-EPIC mechanism does not exist: for some (admissible) belief structure, an EPIC mechanism achieves the highest expected revenue. (JEL D82, D83)
A note on topologically b-order bounded sets and generalized b-weakly compact operators

We study the class of order weakly compact operators on locally solid Riesz spaces and the introduced class of generalized b -weakly compact operators on locally convex-solid Riesz spaces. We prove as a consequence that some well-known results on b -weakly compact operators on a Banach lattice extend in an improved version to generalized b -weakly compact operators on a Fréchet lattice.
Deep learning-based networks for automated recognition and classification of awkward 1 working postures in construction using wearable insole sensor data 2

Lecturer, Department of Civil Engineering, College of Engineering and Physical Sciences, Aston 5 University, Birmingham, B4 7ET, United Kingdom. Email: m.antwiafari@aston.ac. uk 6 7 Informatics, The Manufacturing Technology Centre Ltd, Ansty Park, Coventry, CV7 9JU, United 8 Kingdom. Email: yazan.qarout@gmail.com 9 10 Reader, Systems Analytics Research Institute, Aston University, Aston Triangle, Birmingham, 11 B4 7ET, United Kingdom. Email: r.herzallah@aston.ac. uk 12 13 Postdoctoral Research Fellow, Department of Building and Real Estate, The Hong Kong 14 Polytechnic University, Room No. ZN1002, Hung Hom, Kowloon, Hong Kong Special 15 Administrative Region. E-mail: shahnawaz.anwer@connect.polyu. hk 16 17 Senior Lecturer, Department of Mechanical and Construction Engineering, Northumbria 18 University, NE7 7YT, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom. Email: 19 waleed.umer@northumbria.ac. uk 20 21 Lecturer, Department of Construction Management, Huaiyin Institute of Technology, Huaian, 22 223003, China. Email: cquzhych@hyit.edu. cn 23 24 Reader, Department of Mechanical, Aerospace and Civil Engineering, The University of 25 Manchester, M13 9LP, Manchester, United Kingdom. Email: Patrick.Manu@manchester.ac. uk 26 27 28 *Corresponding author: 29 Lecturer, Department of Civil Engineering, College of Engineering and Physical Sciences, Aston 30
Perceptual learning de�cits mediated by somatostatin releasing inhibitory interneurons of olfactory bulb in an early life stress mouse model

51 52 Early life adversity (ELA) causes aberrant functioning of neural circuits affecting the health of an 53 individual. While ELA-induced behavioural disorders resulting from sensory and cognitive disabilities 54 can be assessed clinically, the neural mechanisms need to be probed using animal models by 55 employing multi-pronged experimental methods. As ELA can alter perception, we investigated the 56 effect of early weaning on murine olfaction. By implementing go/no-go odour discrimination 57 paradigm, we observed olfactory learning and memory impairments in early life stressed (ELS) male 58 mice. As olfactory bulb (OB) circuitry plays a critical role in odour learning, we studied the plausible 59 changes in the OB of ELS mice. Lowered c-Fos activity in the external plexiform layer and a reduction 60 in the number of dendritic processes of somatostatin-releasing, GABAergic interneurons (SOM-INs) 61 in the ELS mice led us to hypothesize the underlying circuit. We recorded reduced synaptic inhibitory 62 feedback on mitral/tufted (M/T) cells, in the OB slices from ELS mice, explaining the learning 63 deficiency caused by compromised refinement of OB output. The role of SOM-INs was revealed by 64 learning-dependent refinement of Ca 2+ dynamics quantified by GCaMP6f signals. Further, the causal 65 role of SOM-INs involving circuitry was investigated by optogenetic bi-directional modulation during 66 odour discrimination learning. Photo-activating these neurons rescued ELA-induced learning deficits. 67 Conversely, photo-inhibition caused learning deficiency in control animals, while it completely 68 abolished the learning in ELS mice, confirming the adverse effects mediated by SOM-INs. Our results 69 thus establish the role of specific inhibitory circuit in pre-cortical sensory area in orchestrating ELA-70 dependent changes. 71 72
Effect of Ramipril on Walking Times and Quality of Life Among Patients With Peripheral Artery Disease and Intermittent Claudication

APPROXIMATELY 27 MILLION INdividuals in Europe and North America have peripheral artery disease (PAD). Intermittent claudication occurs in approximately one-third of patients with PAD and typically presents as pain within leg muscle groups that occurs during walking but is relieved by rest. Patients with intermittent claudication have significant impairment in ambulatory function, resulting in functional disability and significant lifestyle limitation. Treatment of these patients is aimed at reducing cardiovascular risk, increasing functional performance, and improving health-related quality of life. However, current drug treatments to improve walking distance have limited efficacy and only increase walking distance by between 12% and 60% (the only 2 drug treatments approved by the Food and Drug Administration for use in the United States, pentoxifylline and cilostazol, increase walking distance by 15% and 25%, respectively). We previously reported in a pilot trial that the angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitor ramipril is associated with significantly increased treadmill-assessed pain-free and maximum walking time. However, that trial was small, and the findings were restricted to patients with limiting infrainguinal For editorial comment see p 487.
PR ] 1 9 M ar 2 00 9 Constrained Backward SDEs with Jumps : Application to Optimal Switching

In this paper, we introduce a new class of BSDE generalizing and offering a unifying framework to represent the constrained ones presented in [16] or [12] as well as the oblique reflected ones studied by [11] and [9]. Via a penalization procedure, we provide an existence and uniqueness result for this new class of so-called constrained BSDEs with jumps. Remarkably, these BSDEs appear to be very convenient to represent the solution to eventually non-Markovian switching problems. As a by-product, we enlarge the class of obliquely reflected BSDE’s, allowing to represent switching problems with controlled underlined diffusion. Résumé Nous introduisons une nouvelle classe d’EDS rétrograde qui généralise et offre un cadre unifié pour le traitement des contraintes étudiées par [16] et [12], ainsi que des réflexions obliques considérées dans [11] and [9]. Par une méthode de pénalisation, nous obtenons l’existence et l’unicité d’une solution minimale à cette nouvelle classe d’EDSR. De plus, les EDSRs contraintes à sauts offrent une représentation alternative pour la résolution de problèmes de switching éventuellement non markoviens. L’obtention de ce résultat fournit également une généralisation de la notion d’EDSR reflexion oblique, permettant de traiter les problèmes de switching avec diffusion sous-jacente controlée.
Scale issues in verification of precipitation forecasts

Precipitation forecasts from numerical weather prediction models are often compared to rain gauge observations to make inferences as to model performance and the “best” resolution needed to accurately capture the structure of observed precipitation. A common approach to quantitative precipitation forecast (QPF) verification is to interpolate the model-predicted areal averages (typically assigned to the center point of the model grid boxes) to the observation sites and compare observed and predicted point values using statistical scores such as bias and RMSE. In such an approach, the fact that the interpolated values and their uncertainty depend on the scale (model resolution) of the values from which the interpolation was done is typically ignored. This interpolation error, which comes from scale effects, is referred to here as the “representativeness error. ” It is a nonzero scale-dependent error even for the case of a perfect model and thus can be seen as independent of model performance. The scale dependency of the representativeness error can have a significant effect on model verification, especially when model performance is judged as a function of grid resolution. An alternative method is to upscale the gauge observations to areal averages and compare at the scale of the model output. Issues of scale arise here too, with a different scale dependency in the representativeness error. This paper examines the merits and limitations of both verification methods (area-to-point and point-to-area) in view of the pronounced spatial variability of precipitation fields and the inherent scale dependency of the representativeness error in each of the verification procedures. A composite method combining the two procedures is introduced and shown to diminish the scale dependency of the representativeness error.
The Global Influence of the Madden–Julian Oscillation on Extreme Temperature Events*

AbstractThe authors investigated the influence of the Madden–Julian oscillation (MJO) on extreme warm and cold events, which may have large social and economic impacts. The frequencies of extreme temperature events were analyzed and compared between active and inactive MJO periods by using the 7-day running average of the 850-hPa temperature during the extended boreal winter (November–April). The results show that the frequency of extreme events is significantly modulated (i.e., increased by a factor of more than 2) by the MJO with a time lag over some areas in the extratropics as well as in the tropics. In the extratropics, the modulation of the frequency of the extreme events is roughly associated with midlatitude wave responses to tropical forcing and anomalous lower-level circulation due to the MJO.The relationship between the MJO and forecast skill of extreme temperature events was also investigated by using a suite of hindcasts made with the operational one-month ensemble prediction system of the Ja.
Global aerosol distribution based on multidirectional data given by POLDER

This paper describes how to retrieve the optical properties of atmospheric aerosols over the ocean from ADEOS/POLDER measurements. POLDER provides the polarization and directional information of reflected light by the Earth's atmosphere and/or surface. The extracting algorithm for aerosols is based on the look-up table method. Our look-up table is compiled by multiple scattering simulations in an atmosphere-sea surface system. As result, global monthly mean aerosol properties, e.g. optical thickness of aerosols and Angstrom exponent, are obtained. It is found that the specific features of maritime aerosols are shown from our result. In addition, it seems that continental aerosols are blown over the ocean in April in the west Pacific Ocean and in the west coast of middle Africa. Our procedure is validated using the ship-based measurements.
PRELIMINARY NOTE ON THE GRANULOMETRIC ANALYSIS OF SEDIMENTARY ROCKS

The observation that the results of line and point counting analyses of the particle size distribution of the same sand are different leads to the conclusion that these results are biased by the sampling technique1. The influence of the currently used sampling techniques on the numerical results of a particle size analysis is discussed. Evidence is presented to show that the use of line and point counting methods in granulometric analysis leads to results in which the influence of the sampling method is so strong that the practical value of these techniques is doubtful. It is therefore considered advisable to discontinue line and point counting techniques in granulometric analysis in favour of ribbon sampling methods.
Kajosaari, Anna; Hasanzadeh, Kamyar; Kyttä-Pirjola, Marketta Residential dissonance and walking for transport

4 The concept of residential dissonance contextualizes the combined impact of built environment and 5 individual travel and land-use preferences on travel behavior. A limited number of studies have 6 explored the effect of residential dissonance specifically on walking. However, evidence from the active 7 travel literature suggests that the environmental characteristics associated with diverse active travel 8 modes differ to some extent. This study addresses residential dissonance in a framework specific for 9 walking outcomes, as the applied neighborhood boundaries, residential preferences and the observed 10 built environment were operationalized with measures related to walking for transport. SoftGIS, a 11 public participatory GIS method allowing the mapping of frequently visited destinations was used to 12 survey the daily walking behavior of 772 respondents aged 25-40 years living in the Helsinki 13 metropolitan area, Finland. Ordinal logistic regression analyses were used to assess the adjusted odds 14 of walking a high share of estimated monthly trips and travel distance. The identified residential 15 dissonance groups were found to have significant associations with the walking outcomes. Associations 16 between the observed neighborhood walkability and the walking outcomes varied by trip purpose, being 17 more consistent with walking to utilitarian than to recreational destinations. Overall, the results support 18 views on the interconnectedness of individual attitudes and the built environment in facilitating walking 19 for transport. 20 21