Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
MULTIWAVELENGTH EVIDENCE FOR QUASI-PERIODIC MODULATION IN THE GAMMA-RAY BLAZAR PG 1553+113

We report for the first time a γ-ray and multiwavelength nearly periodic oscillation in an active galactic nucleus. Using the Fermi Large Area Telescope we have discovered an apparent quasi-periodicity in the γ-ray flux (E > 100 MeV) from the GeV/TeV BL Lac object PG 1553+113. The marginal significance of the 2.18 ± 0.08 year period γ-ray cycle is strengthened by correlated oscillations observed in radio and optical fluxes, through data collected in the Owens Valley Radio Observatory, Tuorla, Katzman Automatic Imaging Telescope, and Catalina Sky Survey monitoring programs and Swift-UVOT. The optical cycle appearing in ∼10 years of data has a similar period, while the 15 GHz oscillation is less regular than seen in the other bands. Further long-term multiwavelength monitoring of this blazar may discriminate among the possible explanations for this quasi-periodicity.
A framework for optimizing the cost and performance of next-generation IP routers

The explosive growth of Internet users, the increased user demand for bandwidth, and the declining cost of technology have all resulted in the emergence of new classes of high-speed distributed IP-router architectures with packet-forwarding rates of the order of gigabits, or even terabits, per second. This paper develops an analytical framework for modeling and analyzing the impact of technological factors on the cost-performance tradeoffs in distributed-router architectures. The main tradeoff in a distributed router results naturally from moving the main packet-forwarding and processing power from a centralized forwarding engine to an ensemble of smaller forwarding engines, either dedicated to or shared among the line cards. Processing packets in these smaller engines can be much cheaper (by as much two to three orders of magnitude) than in a centralized forwarding engine. Therefore, the main goal of our modeling framework is to determine an optimal allocation of processing power to the forwarding engines (in a distributed router) to minimize overall router cost while achieving a given level of packet-forwarding performance. Two types of router models are analyzed using the proposed framework: a distributed-router architecture and parallel-router architecture.
Is there a need and another way to measure the cosmic microwave background temperature more accurately

The recombination history of the Universe depends exponentially on the temperature, T0, of the cosmic microwave background. Therefore tiny changes of T0 are expected to lead to significant changes in the free electron fraction. Here we show that even the current 1σ-uncertainty in the value of T0 results in more than half a percent ambiguity in the ionization history, and more than 0.1% uncertainty in the TT and EE power spectra at small angular scales. We discuss how the value of T0 affects the highly redshifted cosmological hydrogen recombination spectrum and demonstrate that T0 could, in principle, be measured by looking at the low frequency distortions of the cosmic microwave background spectrum. For this no absolute measurements are necessary, but sensitivities on the level of ∼30 nK are required to extract the quasi-periodic frequency-dependent signal with typical ∆ν/ν ∼ 0.1 coming from cosmological recombination. We also briefly mention the possibility of obtaining additional information on the specific entropy of the Universe, and other cosmological parameters.
Voluntary Exercise Improves Cardiac Function and Prevents Cardiac Remodeling in a Mouse Model of Dilated Cardiomyopathy

Objective: Despite the indubitable beneficial effect of exercise to prevent of cardiovascular diseases, there is still a lack of studies investigating the impact of exercise in non-ischemic dilated cardiomyopathy. Here, we investigated the impact of voluntary exercise on cardiac function in a mouse model of non-ischemic dilated cardiomyopathy (αMHC-MerCreMer:Sf/Sf), induced by cardiac-specific inactivation of the Serum Response Factor. Materials and Methods: Seven days after tamoxifen injection, 20 αMHC-MerCreMer:Sf/Sf mice were assigned to sedentary (n = 8) and exercise (n = 12) groups. Seven additional αMHC-MerCreMer:Sf/Sf mice without tamoxifen injection were used as control. The exercise group performed 4 weeks of voluntary running on wheel (1.8 ± 0.12 km/day). Cardiac function, myocardial fibrosis, and mitochondrial energetic pathways were then blindly assessed. Results: Exercised mice exhibited a smaller decrease of left ventricular (LV) fractional shortening and ejection fraction compared to control mice. This was associated with a lower degree of LV remodeling in exercised mice, as shown by a lower LV end-systolic intrerventricular septal and posterior wall thickness decrease from baseline values compared to sedentary mice. Moreover, exercised mice displayed a reduced gene expression of atrial and brain natriuretic factors. These benefits were associated by a reduced level of myocardial fibrosis. In addition, exercised mice exhibited a higher mitochondrial aconitase, voltage-dependent anion-selective channel 1 and PPAR gamma coactivators-1 alpha proteins levels suggesting that the increase of mitochondrial biogenesis and/or metabolism slowed the progression of dilated cardiomyopathy in exercised animals. Conclusions: In conclusion, our results support the role of voluntary exercise to improve outcomes in non-ischemic dilated heart failure (HF) and also support its potential for a routine clinical use in the future.
GENETIC DIVERGENCE AND HYBRID SPECIATION

Abstract Although the evolutionary importance of natural hybridization has been debated for decades, it has become increasingly clear that hybridization plays a fundamental role in the evolution of many plant and animal taxa, sometimes resulting in the formation of entirely new species. Although some hybrid species retain the base chromosome number of their parents, others combine the full chromosomal complements of their progenitors. Hybrid speciation can thus produce two fundamentally different types of evolutionary lineages, yet relatively little is known about the factors influencing ploidy level in hybrid neospecies. We estimated genetic divergence between species pairs that have given rise to homoploid and polyploid hybrid species and found that divergence is significantly greater for the parents of polyploids, even after controlling for potentially confounding factors. Our data thus provide the first direct evidence in support of the notion that the extent of genomic divergence between hybridizing species influences the likelihood of diploid versus polyploid hybrid speciation.
CLUSTERING METHODS IN NEURO - FUZZY MODELLING KLASTERIZ Ā CIJAS METODES NEURO-FUZZY MODEL Ē ŠAN Ā

A neural network can approximate a function, but it is impossible to interpret the result in terms of natural language. The consolidation of neural networks and fuzzy logic in neurofuzzy models provides learning as well as readability. This paper aims at modeling the input-output relationship with fuzzy IF-THEN rules by using fuzzy clustering technique. The main difference between fuzzy clustering and other clustering techniques is that it generates fuzzy partitions of the data instead of hard partitions. This paper examines two fuzzy-clusterimg algorithms: FCM and subtractive clustering algorithm. The mathematical description of the algorithms employed is given. Some case studies are described.
Rapid Postnatal Expansion of Neural Networks Occurs in an Environment of Altered Neurovascular and Neurometabolic Coupling

In the adult brain, increases in neural activity lead to increases in local blood flow. However, many prior measurements of functional hemodynamics in the neonatal brain, including functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) in human infants, have noted altered and even inverted hemodynamic responses to stimuli. Here, we demonstrate that localized neural activity in early postnatal mice does not evoke blood flow increases as in the adult brain, and elucidate the neural and metabolic correlates of these altered functional hemodynamics as a function of developmental age. Using wide-field GCaMP imaging, the development of neural responses to somatosensory stimulus is visualized over the entire bilaterally exposed cortex. Neural responses are observed to progress from tightly localized, unilateral maps to bilateral responses as interhemispheric connectivity becomes established. Simultaneous hemodynamic imaging confirms that spatiotemporally coupled functional hyperemia is not present during these early stages of postnatal brain development, and develops gradually as cortical connectivity is established. Exploring the consequences of this lack of functional hyperemia, measurements of oxidative metabolism via flavoprotein fluorescence suggest that neural activity depletes local oxygen to below baseline levels at early developmental stages. Analysis of hemoglobin oxygenation dynamics at the same age confirms oxygen depletion for both stimulus-evoked and resting-state neural activity. This state of unmet metabolic demand during neural network development poses new questions about the mechanisms of neurovascular development and its role in both normal and abnormal brain development. These results also provide important insights for the interpretation of fMRI studies of the developing brain. SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT This work demonstrates that the postnatal development of neuronal connectivity is accompanied by development of the mechanisms that regulate local blood flow in response to neural activity. Novel in vivo imaging reveals that, in the developing mouse brain, strong and localized GCaMP neural responses to stimulus fail to evoke local blood flow increases, leading to a state in which oxygen levels become locally depleted. These results demonstrate that the development of cortical connectivity occurs in an environment of altered energy availability that itself may play a role in shaping normal brain development. These findings have important implications for understanding the pathophysiology of abnormal developmental trajectories, and for the interpretation of functional magnetic resonance imaging data acquired in the developing brain.
Computing the size and location of myocardial ischemia using measurements of ST-segment shift

It is well known that the presence of myocardial ischemiastract can be observed as a shift in the ST segment of an electrocardiogram (ECG) recording. The question we address in this paper is whether or not ST shift can be used to compute approximations of the size and location of the ischemic region. We begin by investigating a cost functional (measuring the difference between synthetic recorded data and simulated values of ST shift) for a parameter identification problem to locate the ischemic region. We then formulate a more flexible representation of the ischemia using a level set framework and solve the associated minimization problem for the size and position of the ischemia. We apply this framework to a set of ECG data generated by the Bidomain model using the cell model of Winslow et al. Based on this data, we show that values of ST shift recorded at the body surface are capable of identifying the position and (roughly) the size of the ischemia.
Metabolic, humoral, and cellular responses in adult volunteers immunized with the genetically inactivated pertussis toxin mutant PT- 9K/129G

PT-9K/129G, a nontoxic mutant of pertussis toxin (PT) obtained by genetic manipulation, has been shown in animal models to be a promising candidate for new vaccines against whooping cough. To assess the safety and the immunogenicity of PT-9K/129G in humans, a pilot study has been performed in adult volunteers. The protein was found to be safe, capable of inducing high titers of toxin-neutralizing antibodies, and capable of generating immunological memory. In fact, vaccination caused an increase of cell-mediated response to PT, PT-9K/129G, S1 subunit, and B oligomer, indicating that memory T cells are induced by the vaccine. Since PT-9K/129G is mitogenic for T lymphocytes in vitro, it was investigated whether this activity is also present in vivo. No variation was observed in the proportion of T cells (CD3+), T helper cells (CD4+), and cytotoxic T cells (CD8+), as well as in that of other lymphoid populations, by FACS analysis. Interestingly, no thorough correlation was found between humoral and cellular responses. In one case, a very high cellular response was present in absence of detectable antibodies, suggesting that the antibody response, which is the only parameter measured in most clinical trials, may not give a complete picture of the response induced by a vaccine.
Effects of Storage on the Pyruvate‐Lactate System and Random Migration of Human Granulocytes

Abstract. This work demonstrates a time‐dependent loss of polymorphonuclear neutrophilic leukocyte (PMN) functions during the first 48 h with only slight lysis and release of cellular LDH. It confirms that storage decreases ATP levels in PMNs and significantly increases intracellular lactate and pyruvate. These data correlated with an inhibition of PMN migratory function and a considerable decrease in chemiluminescence response.
ATPG method with a hybrid compaction technique for combinational digital systems

In this paper, the Test Pattern Generation (TPG) with a new simple hybrid (dynamic and static) compaction technique for combinational logic circuits and systems is presented. Digital systems are implemented nowadays on an advance VLSI technology, which is called Field Programmable Gate Array (FPGA). The test procedure requires a deliberate introduction of faults in the System Under Test (SUT). FPGA circuits and systems are developed and written in Hardware Description Languages (HDLs). In addition, a novel method is also proposed and implemented in order to intentionally inject faults in the Verilog HDL code design of the SUT. It covers all possible fault locations in the SUT. This approach provides high quality compact test vectors and efficient memory utilization in comparison with other state-of-the-art methods. Not only are the hardness of individual faults and the sensitiveness of fault locations determined, but also their effectiveness is proposed in the fault tolerance strategy.
Constitutive modeling of cyclic plasticity deformation and low–high-cycle fatigue of stainless steel 304 in uniaxial stress state

ABSTRACT For constructing a theory that adequately describes the effects of cycling loading, we initially analyze an experimental plastic hysteresis loop of the stainless steel SS304 and allocate on it three backstress types responsible for yield surface center displacement. Evolutionary equations per each backstresses type are formulated based on the equation of plasticity flow theory at combined (isotropic-kinematic) hardening. Material functions (parameters) closing the theory are defined, and basic experiment and identification methods of material function are formulated. Comparison of design results and experiments testifies their reliable compatibility.
FACTORS INFLUENCING THE AGE OF MENARCHE IN A LOWER SOCIO‐ECONOMIC GROUP IN MELBOURNE

Factors influencing the age of onset of menarche were studied in 400 patients attending the Queen Victoria Memorial Hospital, Melbourne. Menarche is occurring at an earlier age and is also earlier in Australians than in migrants. The possible importance of the family group is indicated by a significant association between menarche and an increasing number of younger brothers, and between early menarche and the father leaving home before the child reaches the age of six years.
Information diffusion on realistic networks

Les modeles de diffusion d'information mettent traditionnellement en jeu un reseau sous-jacent dont la topologie reproduit certaines proprietes observees dans les reseaux reels. Toutefois, la comparaison des phenomenes de diffusion observes sur des reseaux generes par des modeles classiques avec ceux se produisant au sein de reseaux reels reste peu etudiee. Dans une demarche empiriste, nous proposons dans cette etude d'evaluer l'ecart de comportement induit par l'utilisation de divers modeles stylises, dont notamment certains reseaux dits ``sans-echelle''.
Some Capacity Results for Ad Hoc Networks

We present results on the capacity of ad hoc networks in two different settings. In the first, all nodes wish to communicate with a single common node, possibly using multiple hops, power control and time division. Bounds on the performance of the network are derived in the form of a capacity region, and it is shown that power control only marginally improves the performance. In the second setting, we develop a similar framework for the case when nodes wish to communicate with arbitrary collections of other nodes.
Current recommendations for monitoring depth of neuromuscular blockade

Purpose of review Residual neuromuscular block is a relatively frequent occurrence and is associated with postoperative pulmonary complications, including aspiration, pneumonia and hypoxia, impaired hypoxic ventilatory drive and decreased patient satisfaction. Although adequate recovery of neuromuscular function has been defined as a train-of-four ratio of at least 0.9, monitoring with a qualitative peripheral nerve stimulator makes it impossible to determine the actual train-of-four ratio. Recent findings Peripheral nerve stimulators are not routinely used in clinical practice. Without their use, dosing of neuromuscular blocking agents and anticholinesterases is often inappropriate and adequacy of recovery of neuromuscular function upon tracheal extubation cannot be guaranteed. Summary Use of peripheral nerve stimulators allows clinicians to administer neuromuscular blocking and reversal agents in a rational manner. Routine use of quantitative monitors of depth of neuromuscular blockade is the best guarantee of the adequacy of recovery of postoperative muscle strength.
The String Chromatic Number of a Graph

It is shown that there is an absolute constant c with the following property: For any two graphs G1 = (V, E1) and G2 = (V, E2) on the same set of vertices, where G1 has maximum degree at most d and G2 is a vertex disjoint union of cliques of size cd each, the chromatic number of the graph G = (V, E1 U E2) is precisely cd. The proof is based on probabilistic arguments. © 1992 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
This item is the archived peer-reviewed author-version of: Supporting mobility in wireless body area networks : an analysis

—In a world with a growing elderly population, Wireless Body Area Networks (WBANs) are considered an opportunity to supply healthcare to a growing number of patients requiring continuous medical care. A large number of WBAN sensors, radios, medium access and routing protocols has already been developed and is actively being developed. Together with an increasing number of applications and ﬁeld trials, this illustrates how promising WBANs are, both to academia and industry. Currently, WBANs are almost always assumed to have a single-hop topology, where all nodes on the body are in range of the central sink device. However, to conserve energy and to limit exposure of the human body to radiation, research indicates the need to support multi-hop topologies. In those small-scale topologies, a small body movement can cause a complete topology reorganization or more general node mobility. This work analyzes three algorithm variants to support these mobile WBANs, with respect to channel utilization and energy efﬁciency, in both a static and a mobile scenario.
A quantitative evaluation of IEC61850 process bus architectures

The IEC 61850 standard plays an important role in the smart grid landscape by providing an unified way of accessing and exchanging data related to substations equipment. While large parts of the standard are widely adopted and integrated by the different vendors, the 9–2 part, or process bus, remains a challenge because of the number of opposite constraints that have to be addressed at the same time, such as scalability, reliability, real-time and cost efficiency. This paper does not provide the way to implement the process bus, but rather gives means to evaluate and compare different process bus solutions. In this study, we are performing a quantitative evaluation of different process bus architectures along the reliability, availability, performance and cost criteria. The performance criteria encompasses the evaluation with respect to the real time constraints as well as the overall load of the communication infrastructure. The cost criteria identifies the initial investment cost for a given solution and also evaluates the maintenance cost over the life time of the process bus. The main contributions of this paper are (a) to give a full evaluation by integrating all relevant criteria; (b) explicitly explain how the different evaluations are performed; (c) to integrate all elements for the reliability calculation, especially the optical fibres which are usually omitted but considered as the least reliable elements; (d) to evaluate the latest redundancy protocols for automation networks such as PRP and HSR; and (e) to evaluate architectures that take full advantage of IEC 61850 by deploying protection and control functions in innovative ways.
Driver Fatigue Detection System Based on DM3730

Driver fatigue is a popular problem which has attracted people's views. Many research departments are re- searching driver fatigue detection in order to improve the traffic safety. This paper presented a driver fatigue detection system based on DM3730. The system calculated the inter-image difference between frames captured by near-infrared light irradiation, which included identification of the eyes by Otsu adaptive threshold segmentation method and prediction the orientation of the eye in nearby images by Kalman filter. Then the system determined the state of fatigue by improved PERCLOS (Percentage of Eyelid Closure over the Pupil)method. Experimental results show that the system has the ad- vantages of small size and low power consumption. Meanwhile it meets the requirements of all-weather, real-time moni- toring. The system can be extended to automobile and other production processes which the fatigue monitoring is re- quired.