Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Effect of Selective Angiotensin II Receptor Antagonism and Angiotensin Converting Enzyme Inhibition on the Coronary Vasculature In Vivo Intravascular Two‐dimensional and Doppler Ultrasound Studies

BackgroundAlthough angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors have been reported to increase coronary blood flow, the effect of selective angiotensin II (AT,)-receptor antagonism on the coronary circulation has not been defined. Methods and ResultsWe examined the effects of the AT1-receptor antagonist Losartan (DuP 753, 0.2-3.2 mg/kg) on coronary arteries in vivo in 11 dogs, using a combination of intravascular two-dimensional and Doppler ultrasound. In six dogs, a 30-MHz, 4.3F ultrasound imaging catheter was placed in the midsegment of the circumflex coronary artery to measure cross-sectional area (CSA), and a 0.018-in. Doppler wire was placed alongside to measure coronary flow velocity. At peak effect (1.6 mg/kg), Losartan increased mean coronary CSA from 7.9±0.5 to 9.5±0.8 mm2 and average peak velocity (APV) from 32 ± 10 to 56±+18 cm/sec, resulting in an increase in coronary blood flow from 74±+19 to 151±36 mL/min. The maximal effect of the ACE inhibitor enalaprilat (5 mg) was an increase in CSA from 7.7±0.7 to 8.4±0.8 mm2 and an increase in APV from 36 ± 10 to 53+20 cm/sec, with an increase in coronary blood flow from 82+25 to 122±41 mlmin. Relative to maximal hyperemia with adenosine (6 mg i.c.), the magnitude of flow increase from baseline was 0.37 with the AT1-receptor antagonist and 0.19 with the ACE inhibitor (p<0.05). These effects were seen without changes in heart rate or systemic arterial pressure. In an additional five dogs, the ultrasound imaging catheter was introduced directly over a 0.014-in. Doppler wire, and the effects of indomethacin, propranolol, and N''-nitro-L-arginine methylester (L-NAME) on the vasodilator effect of Losartan (1.6 mg/kg) were examined. Indomethacin and propranolol had no effect on Losartan-induced vasodilation, suggesting that it was not mediated via prostaglandins or 3-adrenoceptors. However, Losartan-induced epicardial vasodilation was partially inhibited by L-NAME, suggesting an action partly dependent on endothelial release of nitric oxide. ConclusionsThus, these acute studies in anesthetized dogs suggest that inhibition of AT,-receptors in the coronary circulation results in vasodilator responses greater in magnitude than ACE inhibition and partly endothelium dependent. The exact role for AT1-receptors in human coronary physiology and pathology remains to be defined.
Evolving networks

Most real networks often evolve through time: changes of topology can occur if some nodes and/or edges appear and/or disappear, and the types or weights of nodes and edges can also change even if the topology stays static, . Mobile devices with wireless capabilities (mobile phones, laptops, etc.) are a typical example of evolving networks where nodes or users are spread in the environment and connections between users can only occur if they are near each others. This whois-near-whom network evolves every time users move and communication services (such as the spread of any information) will deeply rely on the mobility and on the characteristics of the underlying network. This paper presents some recent results concerning the characterization of the dynamics of complex networks through three different angles: evolution of some parameters on snapshots of the network, parameters describing the evolution itself, and intermediate approaches consisting in the study of specific phenomena or users of interest through time.
Rational Choice and Artificial Intelligence

The theory of rational choice assumes that when people make decisions they do so in order to maximize their utility. In order to achieve this goal they ought to use all the information available and consider all the choices available to choose an optimal choice. This paper investigates what happens when decisions are made by artificially intelligent machines in the market rather than human beings. Firstly, the expectations of the future are more consistent if they are made by an artificially intelligent machine and the decisions are more rational and thus marketplace becomes more rational.
Artificial Vision System for Movement Determination of an Autonomous Planetary Exploration Rover Based on Discrete Optical Flow and Stereo Geometry

In this paper an artificial vision system that allows an autonomous rover to determine its motion using two stereo cameras is presented. The vision system is based on stereo geometry and discrete optical flow. A tracking algorithm is applied to a couple of images taken from the same camera at different instants of time to find a set of corresponding features on which a discrete optical flow is computed. Then the features of left images are tracked on right images to recover the position and velocity of the rover. Some tests that show encouraging results are reported.
FTY720, a new immunosuppressant, promotes long-term graft survival and inhibits the progression of graft coronary artery disease in a murine model of cardiac transplantation.

Background-Effective immunosuppression is a critical determinant of organ and patient survival in cardiac transplantation. The present study was designed to determine the potency of FTY720, a new synthesized immunosuppressant, and examine its clinical potential as an immunosuppressant. Methods and Results-Hearts of DBA/2 mice were transplanted heterotopically in C57BL/6 mice. Recipients were treated with oral FTY720 in doses of 0.3, 1, 3, or 10 mg. kg(-1). d(-1) or with 40 mg. kg(-1). d(-1) of cyclosporin A (CsA) as a comparative treatment. The median graft survival time (MST) was significantly prolonged by treatment with FTY720 10 mg. kg(-1). d(-1). MST was not prolonged by FTY720 1 mg. kg(-1). d(-1) or CsA. However, FTY720 1 mg. kg(-1). d(-1) combined with CsA 40 mg. kg(-1). d(-1) resulted in a significant prolongation of MST. Histopathological studies performed 5 days after transplantation demonstrated remarkable suppression of inflammatory response by treatment with FTY720 10 mg. kg(-1). d(-1). Interleukin (IL)-2 and interferon (IFN)-gamma production was not suppressed; however, cytotoxic T lymphocyte activity was strongly suppressed in vitro. In addition, IL-2-stimulated T-cell proliferation and class I and class II MHC antigen expression on IFN-gamma-stimulated macrophages were strongly inhibited by FTY720. Histopathological studies 60 days after transplantation (DBA/2-B10.D2) demonstrated a beneficial effect on graft atherosclerosis. Conclusions-FTY720 promoted long-term cardiac graft survival and strongly inhibited the progression of graft atherosclerosis. These observations suggest that FTY720 has a promising clinical potential in cardiac transplantation.
An Approach for Assessing the Impact of Dependability on Usability: Application to Interactive Cockpits

A cockpit (also called flight deck) is an interactive environment of an aircraft which enables both pilot and first officer to monitor the aircraft systems and to control them. Allowing the crew to control aircraft systems through display unit by using keyboard and cursor control unit is one of the main novelties in the new generation cockpits based on ARINC 661 standard. Currently only secondary aircraft systems are managed using such interactive cockpits. Generalisation to other aircraft systems would require introducing mechanisms aiming at ensuring the fault-tolerance of such interaction in cockpits. Such mechanisms would allow designers to take into account the new functions' safety requirement. However, it is possible that such mechanisms may have consequences (positive and/or negative ones) on the crew activities. This paper reports studies that have been performed on fault-tolerance mechanisms in the domain of ARINC 661 interactive cockpits. More precisely this paper focuses on interactive systems, showing how these fault-tolerance mechanisms (mainly redundancy as segregation and diversity are not exemplified here) could affect the usability of the interactive system, making both the tasks of the crew members and their training more complex. We propose a generic approach to analyse the trade-offs between dependability and usability in a software interactive cockpit environment.
Automatic Extraction of Information from Molecular Biology Scientific Abstracts

Annotated abstract virtually all ERK1/2 activity virtually all <GENE>ERK1 and <GENE>ERK2 activity was thought to be the result of the inhibition of c-Jun DNA-binding. was thought to be the result of the inhibition of <GENE>c-Jun DNA – binding of those genes examined, p16(INK4a), O(6)-MGMT, and GST-P were found Of those genes examined , p16 ( INK4a ) , O ( 6 ) <GENE>MGMT, and <GENE>GST-P were found Is significantly affected in E2F1(-/-), is significantly affected in <GENE>E2F1 ( / ) , natural human interferon-alpha (nHuIFN-alpha) on the induction of apoptosis natural human interferon alpha ( <GENE>nHuIFN <GENE>alpha ) on the induction of apoptosis TNF-alpha-induced apoptosis <GENE>TNF <GENE>alpha induced apoptosis REFERENCES 1. Junichi Kazama, Takaki Makino, Yoshihiro Ohta, and Junichi Tsujii, «Tuning Support Vector Machines for Biomedical Named Entity Recognition», Proceedings of the Workshop on Natural Porcessing in the Biomedical Domain, Philadelphia, USA, 1-8, 2002 2. K. Bretonnel Cohen, Andrew E. Dolbey, George K. Acquaah-Mensah, and Lawrence Hunter, «Contrast And Variability In Gene Names», Proceedings of the Workshop on Natural Porcessing in the Biomed cal Domain, Philadelphia, USA, 14-20, 2002 i
Overview of the TREC 2006 ciQA task

Growing interest in interactive systems for answering complex questions lead to the development of the complex, interactive QA (ciQA) task, introduced for the first time at TREC 2006. This paper describes the rationale and design of the ciQA task and the evaluation results. Thirty complex relationship questions based on five question templates were investigated using the AQUAINT collection of newswire text. Interaction forms were the primary vehicle for defining and capturing user-system interactions. In total, six groups participated in the ciQA task and contributed ten different sets of interaction forms. There were two main findings: baseline IR techniques are competitive for complex QA and interaction, at least as defined and implemented in this evaluation, did not appear to improve performance by much.
Detecting User Interests on Twitter via Seed Set Expansion

A central machine learning problem in user interest modeling is to learn what topics users in a social network (such as Twitter) are interested in. Indeed, this is a critical part of understanding users’ behavior. If performed with reasonable precision, it can be exploited in a wide range of applications. Much of the previous work on this problem involves computationally expensive text processing – making the approach language dependent and, thereby, not scalable to international markets. In this work, we propose a novel graph-based approach to interest modeling that is language independent. In particular, we start with a list of people who are influencers and the topics they are Known-For (also called seed set). First, we expand these Known-For topics to other influencers. Later, we learn InterestedIn topics for all users by propagating the known for topics through the social graph. Numerical results show that on the Twitter social network consisting of over 250M users, we are able to grow a seed set of 55K labeled accounts into 88% interest coverage. Additionally, survey results verify that the precision of the detected topics at this coverage is as high as 80%.
Transductive malware label propagation: Find your lineage from your neighbors

The numerous malware variants existing in the cyberspace have posed severe threats to its security. Supervised learning techniques have been applied to automate the process of classifying malware variants. Supervised learning, however, suffers in situations where we have only scarce labeled malware samples. In this work, we propose a transductive malware classification framework, which propagates label information from labeled instances to unlabeled ones. We improve the existing Harmonic function approach based on the maximum confidence principle. We apply this framework on the structural information collected from malware programs, and propose a PageRank-like algorithm to evaluate the distance between two malware programs. We evaluate the performance of our method against the standard Harmonic function method as well as two popular supervised learning techniques. Experimental results suggest that our method outperforms these existing approaches in classifying malware variants when only a small number of labeled samples are available.
DUF1220 Dosage Is Linearly Associated with Increasing Severity of the Three Primary Symptoms of Autism

One of the three most frequently documented copy number variations associated with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a 1q21.1 duplication that encompasses sequences encoding DUF1220 protein domains, the dosage of which we previously implicated in increased human brain size. Further, individuals with ASD frequently display accelerated brain growth and a larger brain size that is also associated with increased symptom severity. Given these findings, we investigated the relationship between DUF1220 copy number and ASD severity, and here show that in individuals with ASD (n = 170), the copy number (dosage) of DUF1220 subtype CON1 is highly variable, ranging from 56 to 88 copies following a Gaussian distribution. More remarkably, in individuals with ASD CON1 copy number is also linearly associated, in a dose-response manner, with increased severity of each of the three primary symptoms of ASD: social deficits (p = 0.021), communicative impairments (p = 0.030), and repetitive behaviors (p = 0.047). These data indicate that DUF1220 protein domain (CON1) dosage has an ASD-wide effect and, as such, is likely to be a key component of a major pathway underlying ASD severity. Finally, these findings, by implicating the dosage of a previously unexamined, copy number polymorphic and brain evolution-related gene coding sequence in ASD severity, provide an important new direction for further research into the genetic factors underlying ASD.
Compassion Fatigue in Clinical Nurses: An Evolutionary Concept Analysis

Background : Despite the agreement regarding the significance of the concept of CF in nursing, it has been unrecognized, and there is no clear definition of compassion fatigue in the context of nursing Objectives: The aim of this study is to inductively develop or formulate a clear and uniformed definition of compassion fatigue in the context of nursing. Patients and Methods : A Concept analysis using Rodger’s approach using a literature-based method and thematic analysis was conducted. Steps of Rodger’s concept analysis encompass identify the concept and associated definition, attributes, antecedents, consequences, surrogate terms, related concepts, and a model case exemplar. Results: attributes, antecedents and consequences of compassion fatigue from literatures is extracted and then a vivid definition is achieved. Conclusions : this analysis demonstrated that the concept of compassion fatigue is comprised of excessive empathy, the symptomatology of secondary traumatic stress, the problematic work environment of burnout and coping mechanism deficit. Keywords: Compassion fatigue, Secondary traumatic stress, nurse, concept analysis
MAXIMUM PRINCIPLE FOR A HYBRID SYSTEM VIA SINGULAR PERTURBATIONS∗

We prove a maximum principle of Pontryagin type for the time optimal control of a hybrid system. The system is nonlinear and consists of a controlled coupled ODE/PDE. The control input acts via the boundary and the interior of the domain. Systems of this type frequently arise in modeling population dynamics in a contaminated environment. For the regularization we use Ekeland’s variational principle along with a singular perturbation technique. For this purpose we introduce a new trajectory on an additional exterior domain, whose size may be considered as a singular perturbation parameter. It turns out that the maximum principle is stable with respect to the size of the additional exterior domain. The technique allows us to obtain necessary optimality conditions without involving measure boundary data.
Interaction of Personality and Persuasion Tactics in Email Phishing Attacks

Phishing is a social engineering tactic where a malicious actor impersonates a trustworthy third party with the intention of tricking the user into divulging sensitive information. Previous social engineering research has shown an interaction between personality and the persuasion principle used. This study was conducted to investigate whether this interaction is present in the realm of email phishing. To investigate this, we used a personality inventory and an email identification task (phishing or legitimate). The emails used in the identification task utilize four of Cialdini’s persuasion principles. Our data confirms previous findings that high extroversion is predictive of increased susceptibility to phishing attacks. In addition, we identify multiple interactions between personality and specific persuasion principles. We also report the overarching efficacy of various persuasion principles on phishing email identification accuracy.
Energy bounds for the spinless Salpeter equation

We study the spectrum of the Salpeter Hamiltonian H=βm2+p2+V(r), where V(r) is an attractive central potential in three dimensions. If V(r) is a convex transformation of the Coulomb potential −1/r and a concave transformation of the harmonic-oscillator potential r2, then both upper and lower bounds on the discrete eigenvalues of H can be constructed, which may all be expressed in the form E=minr>0[βm2+P2/r2+V(r)] for suitable values of P here provided. At the critical point r=r the relative growth to the Coulomb potential h(r)=−1/r must be bounded by dV/dh<2β/π.
Radioiodine Thyroid Remnant Ablation after Recombinant Human Thyrotropin or Thyroid Hormone Withdrawal in Patients with High-Risk Differentiated Thyroid Cancer

To supplement limited relevant literature, we retrospectively compared ablation and disease outcomes in high-risk differentiated thyroid carcinoma (DTC) patients undergoing radioiodine thyroid remnant ablation aided by recombinant human thyrotropin (rhTSH) versus thyroid hormone withdrawal/withholding (THW). Our cohort was 45 consecutive antithyroglobulin antibody- (TgAb-) negative, T3-T4/N0-N1-Nx/M0 adults ablated with high activities at three referral centers. Ablation success comprised negative (<1 μg/L) stimulated serum thyroglobulin (Tg) and TgAb, with absent or <0.1% scintigraphic thyroid bed uptake. “No evidence of disease” (NED) comprised negative unstimulated/stimulated Tg and no suspicious neck ultrasonography or pathological imaging or biopsy. “Persistent disease” was failure to achieve NED, “recurrence,” loss of NED status. rhTSH patients (n = 18) were oftener ≥45 years old and higher stage (P = 0.01), but otherwise not different than THW patients (n = 27) at baseline. rhTSH patients were significantly oftener successfully ablated compared to THW patients (83% versus 67%, P < 0.02). After respective 3.3 yr and 4.5 yr mean follow-ups (P = 0.02), NED was achieved oftener (72% versus 59%) and persistent disease was less frequent in rhTSH patients (22% versus 33%) (both comparisons P = 0.03). rhTSH stimulation is associated with at least as good outcomes as is THW in ablation of high-risk DTC patients.
Mouse model: what do Japanese life sciences researchers mean by this term?

Mouse-related research in the life sciences has expanded remarkably over the last two decades, resulting in growing use of the term “mouse model”. Our interviews with 64 leading Japanese life sciences researchers showed heterogeneities in the definition of “mouse model” in the Japanese life sciences community. Here, we discuss the implications for the relationship between the life sciences community and society in Japan that may result from this ambiguity in the terminology. It is suggested that, in Japanese life sciences, efforts by individual researchers to make their scientific information unambiguous and explanative are necessary.
Correcting Newton–Côtes integrals by Lévy areas

In this note we introduce the notion of Newton-Cotes integral corrected by Levy areas, which enables us to consider integrals of the type $\int f(y) dx,$ where f is a $C^{2m}$ function and x, y are real Holderian functions with index > 1/(2m+1), for any integer m. We show that this concept extends the Newton-Cotes integral introduced in (Gradinaru et al., Ann. Inst. H. Poincare Probab. Statist. 41 (4), 781-806, 2005), to a larger class of integrands. Then, we give a theorem of existence and uniqueness for differential equations driven by x, interpreted using this new integral.
Microbial Communities from Methane Hydrate-Bearing Deep Marine Sediments in a Forearc Basin

ABSTRACT Microbial communities in cores obtained from methane hydrate-bearing deep marine sediments (down to more than 300 m below the seafloor) in the forearc basin of the Nankai Trough near Japan were characterized with cultivation-dependent and -independent techniques. Acridine orange direct count data indicated that cell numbers generally decreased with sediment depth. Lipid biomarker analyses indicated the presence of viable biomass at concentrations greater than previously reported for terrestrial subsurface environments at similar depths. Archaeal lipids were more abundant than bacterial lipids. Methane was produced from both acetate and hydrogen in enrichments inoculated with sediment from all depths evaluated, at both 10 and 35°C. Characterization of 16S rRNA genes amplified from the sediments indicated that archaeal clones could be discretely grouped within the Euryarchaeota and Crenarchaeota domains. The bacterial clones exhibited greater overall diversity than the archaeal clones, with sequences related to the Bacteroidetes, Planctomycetes, Actinobacteria, Proteobacteria, and green nonsulfur groups. The majority of the bacterial clones were either members of a novel lineage or most closely related to uncultured clones. The results of these analyses suggest that the microbial community in this environment is distinct from those in previously characterized methane hydrate-bearing sediments.
Wavelets , multiwavelets and wavelet frames for periodic functions

Various results on constructing wavelets, multiwavelets and wavelet frames for periodic functions are reviewed. The orthonormal and Riesz bases as well as frames are constructed from sequences of subspaces called multiresolution analyses. These studies employ general frequency-based approaches facilitated by functions known as orthogonal splines and polyphase splines. While the focus is on the intrinsic nature of the periodic setup, the exposition highlights the main ideas developed in the evolution of wavelet theory, from wavelets to multiwavelets and then wavelet frames.