Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Use of a Novel Buffered Hypertonic Saline Solution for Fluid Replacement and Resuscitation During Spinal Surgery in Adolescents

Background During major orthopedic procedures, such as posterior spinal fusion (PSF), isotonic fluids, colloids, starches, or gelatins are commonly used to replace the preoperative fluid deficit and provide ongoing fluid resuscitation. Given recent concerns regarding the potential adverse physiologic effects of albumin solutions, we have modified our intraoperative practice to include the use of a novel 2% buffered hypertonic saline solution during major orthopedic procedures. We present our preliminary clinical experience with this novel fluid for intraoperative resuscitation and its impact on limiting the use of 5% albumin. Methods A retrospective review was performed to identify patients who received 2% buffered hypertonic saline during PSF. The intraoperative course of these patients was compared to case-matched control patients who received standard care with isotonic fluids plus 5% albumin as an adjunct for intravascular resuscitation. Results The study cohort included 23 patients who received 2% buffered hypertonic saline and 25 in the case-matched control group. There was no difference in the volume of intraoperative isotonic crystalloid fluids, estimated blood loss, and urine output between the two groups. In the control cohort, 19 of 25 patients (76%) received 5% albumin compared to only six of 23 patients (26%, P = 0.0005) in the 2% buffered hypertonic saline group. The final pH was higher in the patients that received 2% buffered hypertonic saline than in the control group (7.40 ± 0.03 versus 7.36 ± 0.06, P = 0.0131). Additionally, the starting and final serum sodium values were higher in the patients that received 2% buffered hypertonic saline, although no difference was noted in the mean change from the starting value (average increase of 2 mEq/L in both groups). Conclusion Use of a novel 2% buffered hypertonic saline solution for intraoperative resuscitation during major orthopedic procedures decreases the need for 5% albumin while avoiding the development of hyperchloremic metabolic acidosis which may occur with standard sodium chloride solutions.
Understory and small trees contribute importantly to stemflow of a lower montane cloud forest

Stemflow (Sf) measurements in tropical rain and montane forests dominated by large trees rarely include the understory and small trees. In this study, contributions of lower (1‐ to 2‐m height) and upper (>2‐m height and <5‐cm diameter at breast height [DBH]) woody understory, small trees (5 < DBH < 10 cm), and canopy trees (>10‐cm DBH) to Sf per unit ground area (Sfa) of a Mexican lower montane cloud forest were quantified for 32 days with rainfall (P) during the 2014 wet season. Rainfall, stemflow yield (Sfy), vegetation height, density, and basal area were measured. Subsequently, stemflow funneling ratios (SFRs) were calculated, and three common methods to scale up Sfy from individual trees to the stand level (tree‐Sfy correlation, P‐Sfy correlation, and mean‐Sfy extrapolation) were used to calculate Sfa. Understory woody plants, small trees, and upper canopy trees represented 96%, 2%, and 2%, respectively, of the total density. Upper canopy trees had the lowest SFRs (1.6 ± 0.5 Standard Error (SE) on average), although the lower understory had the highest (36.1 ± 6.4). Small trees and upper understory presented similar SFRs (22.9 ± 5.4 and 20.2 ± 3.9, respectively). Different Sf scaling methods generally yielded similar results. Overall Sfa during the study period was 22.7 mm (4.5% of rainfall), to which the understory contributed 70.1% (15.9 mm), small trees 10.6% (2.4 mm), and upper canopy trees 19.3% (4.4 mm). Our results strongly suggest that for humid tropical forests with dense understory of woody plants and small trees, Sf of these groups should be measured to avoid an underestimation of overall Sf at the stand level.
Estimation of Rice Growth from Reflectance Spectra of Vegetative Cover

A three-year study was carried out to develop a model for estimation of rice growth from ref1ectance spectra of ground vegetative cover, Field measurements were conducted at the experimental farm of Taiwan Agricultural Research Institute, Council of Agriculture at Wufeng, Taiwan (24°02'N, 120° 40'E, elevation of 85m) during the first and the second cropping seasons in 1996, 1997, and 1998, It showed that the typical curve of ref1ectance spectrum of rice vegetative cover (canopy) has a differential ref1ectance pattern in the varied wavebands as well as in different growth stages. By using the first order differentiation in cope with peaks and valleys observations from spectral waves, three characteristics wavelengths of 554, 674 (RED), and 754nm (NIR) were selected from turning points of ref1ectance spectra. Their seasonal changes were curvilinear, reflectances of 554 and 674nm fell off to the lowest near heading and then climbed up as plants reached maturity; the trend was reversed for the near-infrared ref1ectance. Seasonal changes of normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) show a similar curvilinear shape in both First (R^2 = 0.919) and Second (R^2 = 0.931) crops from 1996 to 1998. Relations of the measured physical growth characters and NDVI were exponential, the determining factors (R^2) were 0.811, 0.809, and 0.669 for leaf area index (LAI), leaf number (LN), and leaf dry weight (LDW), respectively. The exponential curves estimate fairly accurately the advancement of growth characters from spectral transformation (NDVI), especially LAI.
Real-time storm tide forecasting for emergency management in Queensland, Australia

Storm surge presents the greatest hazard to life in tropical cyclone (TC) events, and the Queensland (Qld) coastline has particular vulnerability to this hazard. Griffith University has initiated a Qld State Government-funded research project in partnership with Emergency Management Qld (EMQ), Qld Cyber Infrastructure Foundation (QCIF) and DHI Australia investigating the potential for real-time forecasting of storm tide during TC events for emergency planning purposes. Here we present a feasible probabilistic real-time storm tide forecasting system using as input existing TC track forecast products available from the Australian Bureau of Meteorology (BOM) and outputting high resolution probabilistic maps of storm tide inundation along the Qld coastline. A method to generate an ensemble of TC tracks suitable for storm surge simulation capturing the range of spatial, temporal and intensity uncertainties in the TC forecasts is presented. The system then uses this track ensemble to generate wind and pressure field which then force a calibrated and validated hydrodynamic model of the Coral Sea. The Coral Sea model was established using DHI's MIKE21 model for high performance computing (HPC) implemented on Griffith University and QCIF's HPC facilities and has been optimised for real-time performance. The proposed real-time system is found to be feasible from a technical perspective and would add value to Qld emergency management decision making.
Self-Shielding HTS DC Cable Made by REBCO Tapes With Different Widths

Compared with high temperature superconducting (HTS) ac cable, HTS dc cable has the advantages of large transmission capacity, low ac loss and strong controllability. Self-shielded HTS dc cables with different current directions in adjacent layers can reduce the magnetic field interaction between layers, so as to increase the critical current of the cables and reduce ripple loss. In this paper, a novel self-shielded dc cable is proposed, which is made of REBCO tapes with different widths. The magnetic field distribution, ac ripple loss of the novel cable and Ampere force are studied based on T-A formula. The results show that the wider outer tapes can counteract the magnetic field in the inner tapes, and the novel self-shielded dc cable has smaller magnetic field between layers, lower ripple loss and smaller Ampere force than the previous self-shielded dc cable made by tapes with the same width. This novel self-shielding structure provides a new idea for the design of dc cable for large dc applications.
Graph Temporal Attention Network for Imbalanced Wind Turbine Blade Icing Prediction

The conventional approach to mitigating wind turbine blade icing is associated with high costs, and wind farms are susceptible to icing-related challenges. In pursuit of enhanced blade icing prediction, this study introduces a data-driven solution known as the graph temporal attention network (GTAN) model. This model incorporates a feature extractor module aimed at enhancing distinctions among various categories of raw sensor data. In addition, it integrates a temporal attention (TA) mechanism to heighten sensitivity to temporal characteristics. Baseline experiments are conducted using supervisory control and data acquisition (SCADA) data from three wind turbines, revealing that this method surpasses other baseline networks in the realm of multidimensional time-series classification. Furthermore, comprehensive ablation and robustness analyses validate the efficacy of the designed model components and underscore its resilience. Notably, the utilization of a specialized loss function tailored for imbalanced wind turbine blade icing data yields a substantial improvement in the prediction accuracy of minority classes. Consequently, this data-driven model exhibits the capability to accurately forecast blade icing occurrences, thereby contributing to reduced maintenance costs within wind farms.
Brood-rearing Period Cover Use By Wild Turkey Hens in Southcentral South Dakota

Brood-rearing period cover use by wild turkey (Meleagris gallopavo) hens with broods and those without, in Gregory County, South Dakota, was determined in order to formulate management suggestions for a grassland/riparian woodland habitat. Two hens with broods and 12 hens without broods were studied through telemetry and direct observations from 5 July through 2 August and 3 August through 17 August of 1982 and 1983. Vegetational data were collected in 1983. Hens with broods selected for the grass/forb-dominated understory and 52% open canopy of south-facing savannah woodlands while their broods were less than 4 weeks of age. After 4 weeks, broods moved to the shrubby understory and 7% open canopy of north-facing bur oak forest. Brood hens did not appear to use cultivated fields, farmsteads, or bottomlands, and grasslands were avoided or used in proportion to availability. Hens without broods used cultivated fields, farmsteads, and bottom lands in proportion to availability, generally avoided grass lands, and selected woodlands.
Paleoweathering and paleoenvironmental change recorded in lacustrine sediments of the early to middle Eocene in Fushun Basin, Northeast China

Deciphering the long‐term interaction among continental silicate weathering, global climate, and atmospheric CO2 concentrations is helpful in understanding the mechanisms of the Cenozoic climate change and accessing the future climatic and environmental response to anthropogenic carbon emissions. The Eocene, which is characterized by the Early Eocene Climatic Optimum (EECO) and the following global cooling, represents an ideal test case. Here we generate geochemical data of the Eocene lacustrine sediments from the Fushun Basin, northeast China, to explore the regional climatic response to the global climate change. The chemical index of alteration (CIA) and plagioclase index of alteration (PIA) consistently show a gradual, long‐term decrease, indicating a climatic transition from warm and humid to relatively cold and arid during the Eocene in the Fushun Basin. This climatic trend is broadly coincident with the global cooling and decreasing CO2 concentration, implying that the regional climate is closely correlated with the global climate change over geological time scales. Additionally, the extreme silicate weathering and high lake productivity as reflected by relatively positive δ13C values of lacustrine organic matter are associated with the EECO. This consistency may demonstrate that enhanced continental weathering and lake productivity had served as effective sinks to lower atmospheric CO2 across the EECO. Collectively, our new geochemical data add supporting evidence for a long‐term, close coupling among continental silicate weathering, climate, and global carbon cycle during the Eocene.
Design and Performance Evaluation of Successive Interference Cancellation-Based Pure Aloha for Internet-of-Things Networks

This paper presents the design and performance evaluation of successive interference cancellation (SIC)-based pure Aloha (PA) for Internet-of-Things (IoT) networks. To this end, a window-based SIC algorithm is presented. A throughput model of the SIC-based PA is developed and analyzed to study both throughput and packet delivery ratio (PDR) performance metrics. The numerical results show that high throughput gain can be achieved in PA, thanks to the increased PDR contributed by the SIC. Specifically, after ten iterations of the SIC, the maximum throughput gain of the SIC-based PA can achieve up to 6.55 dB over the conventional PA. The SIC efficiency results also suggest that the interference residual level after each iteration of SIC plays an important role in terms of improving throughput in PA networks. Finally, the conditions under which the proposed SIC-based PA meet both throughput and PDR performance requirements are discussed.
Hobbies: Leisure and the Culture of Work in America

PrefaceIntroduction: Context and TheorySection 1: Hobbies as a Category1: Occupations for Free TimeSection 2: Collecting2: The Collectible Object3: Collectors4: Constructing a Collector's Market5: Deconstructing a Collector's MarketSection 3: Handicrafts6: Crafts, by Tools, and Gender in the Nineteenth Century7: Expanding the Boundaries of Crafts8: Home Crafts in Hard Times9: Kits: Assembly as Craft10: Do-It-Yourself: Expected LeisureConclusionIndex
Latest Developments of OLYMPE Platform for Optimizing Design of Fusion Cryomagnetic Systems

In the framework of design studies for large fusion magnets, the development of the OLYMPE multi-physic platform is ongoing at CEA. This platform gathers different solvers and codes for addressing the interdependent analyses required for tokamak superconducting magnet design. The present article focuses on the coupling between conductor design, thermohydraulics, and electromagnetism. The corresponding OLYMPE module aims at producing factors of merit such as the amount of superconducting material, together with major parameters impacting the cryogenic system (operating conditions, thermal loads on the magnet). The Thermo-Hydraulic Design (THD) loop was first developed for TF magnet, considering the most critical conductor and a single burn cycle. The loop is improved by extending the model to coil scale, thus including the whole winding pack, and by considering four burn-dwell cycles so as to reach a periodic behaviour. The case of an EU-DEMO TF magnet design is applied, and the comparison of results before and after THD loop upgrade confirms the validity of first loop version for exploratory studies. The second part of the study focuses on the development of CS magnet design module. The dimensioning process specific to CS results in significant differences with the TF design loop. In particular, the CS design loop requires updating the magnetic field distribution at each design iteration, while the assessment of AC losses thermal load requires defining a scenario for the current in each CS module. Consequently, the CS design process merges electromagnetic and thermohydraulic loops. The workflow is applied to an EU-DEMO CS magnet design.
Plasticity and crosstalk of mesenchymal stem cells and macrophages in immunomodulation in sepsis

Sepsis is a multisystem disease characterized by dysregulation of the host immune response to infection. Immune response kinetics play a crucial role in the pathogenesis and progression of sepsis. Macrophages, which are known for their heterogeneity and plasticity, actively participate in the immune response during sepsis. These cells are influenced by the ever-changing immune microenvironment and exhibit two-sided immune regulation. Recently, the immunomodulatory function of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) in sepsis has garnered significant attention. The immune microenvironment can profoundly impact MSCs, prompting them to exhibit dual immunomodulatory functions akin to a double-edged sword. This discovery holds great importance for understanding sepsis progression and devising effective treatment strategies. Importantly, there is a close interrelationship between macrophages and MSCs, characterized by the fact that during sepsis, these two cell types interact and cooperate to regulate inflammatory processes. This review summarizes the plasticity of macrophages and MSCs within the immune microenvironment during sepsis, as well as the intricate crosstalk between them. This remains an important concern for the future use of these cells for immunomodulatory treatments in the clinic.
Age and Growth of White-spotted Conger Conger myriaster Collected in Northeast Harima Nada, Seto Inland Sea

The age and growth of white-spotted conger Conger myriaster , which were collected in northeast Harima Nada, Seto Inland Sea, Japan were studied by observing burnt sagittal otolith under UV light. Of the 222 individuals, sex of 170 fish was identified; 162 were female and 8 were male. Total length of the collected white-spotted conger ranged from 286 to 364 mm in the males and from 301 to 822 mm in the females. Seasonal change in the proportion of the bright zone at the otolith margin showed that the bright zone was formed once a year from April to August. Therefore, the sagittal otoliths of white-spotted conger can be used to determine age . The white-spotted congers caught in northeast Harima Nada were found to be mainly from 1 to 4-year-old. The fish showed a wide variation of total length in the same year class , and age composition in the same total length class. These results suggest that the age composition of white-spotted conger cannot be accurately estimated based on length frequency analysis only without age determination. For resource management purposes , we suggest the development of the age-length key method for preliminary determination of the age composition of white-spotted conger.
A Comparative Study of Cutting-Edge Bi-Directional Power Converters and Intelligent Control Methodologies for Advanced Electric Mobility

Bidirectional converters (BDCs) are important in electric vehicles (EVs). This study investigated different bidirectional power converters and their efficiencies, energy densities, and cost parameters. Control methods such as pulse width modulation (PWM) and hysteresis control are also examined. Comparisons on how well they regulate the output voltage and current in converters are performed. This paper also provides an overview of the types of BDCs used in EVs, including flyback, forward, and push-pull converters. The efficiency, energy density, and cost of each converter are assessed to identify the most appropriate model for EVs. The control methods including the advantages and disadvantages of PWM and hysteresis control and how they influence converter performance are examined. Suggestions for applying bidirectional power converters and control approaches in electric vehicles are also proposed. In summary, the paper consolidates the existing research, findings, and current gaps leading to advancements in the field and provide resources for emerging methodologies and concepts for advanced electric mobility.
A Study on Information Extraction of Water Body with the Modified Normalized Difference Water Index （MNDWI）

A modified normalized difference water index(MNDWI) has been proposed in this paper based on the normalized difference water index(NDWI) of Mcfeeters (1966), which uses MIR(TM5) instead of NIR(TM4) to construct the MNDWI. The MNDWI has been tested in the ocean, lake and river areas with the background of built-up lands and/or vegetated lands, and with both clean and polluted water bodies using Landsat TM/ETM+ imagery. This reveals that the MNDWI can significantly enhance the water information, especially in the area mainly with built-up land as background. The MNDWI can depress the built-up land information effectively while highlighting water information, and accurately extract the water body information from the study areas. While the enhanced water information using the NDWI always has been mixed with built-up land noise and the area of a water body extracted based on the index is thus overestimated. Therefore, the NDWI is not suitable for enhancing and extracting water information in built-up land-dominated areas. Furthermore, the MNDWI can reveal subtle features of water more efficiently than the NDWI or other visible spectral bands do due largely to its wider dynamic data range. The application of the MNDWI in the Xiamen image has achieved an excellent result. The MNDWI image successfully reveals significant non-point pollution of the water surrounding the Xiamen Island due to agricultural activities. In addition, taking the advantage of the ratio computation, the MNDWI can remove shadow noise from water information without using sophisticated procedures, which is otherwise difficult to be removed.
The Comparison Analysis of Flood and Drought Features Among the First Flood Period in South China,Meiyu Period in the Yangtze River and the Huaihe River Valleys and Rainy Season in North China in the Last 50 Years

Based on the Chinese 160 stations monthly precipitation supplied by the National Meteorological Information Center of China,the distribution features of floods and droughts events during the first flood period in South China,the Meiyu period in the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River and the Huaihe River valleys and the rainy season in North China are analyzed respectively and compared with each other by using the droughtsfloods indices for the period of 19512000.The interannual and decadal variations of the three types of rainfall are also investigated by the DB-16 wavelet analysis method.The correlation analysis is applied in finding the features of the atmospheric circulation in the same term and sea surface temperature(SST) in the preceding months which are linked with different kind of rainfall.Results show: in the last 50 years,the frequency of floods events is nearly the same as that of the droughts,and the intensity of floods is greater than that of droughts in South China and the Yangtze River and the Huaihe River valleys,whereas North China has the similar intensity of floods and droughts,associated with a drought tendency in South China and North China and a flooding tendency in the Yangtze River and the Huaihe River valleys;the first flood period in South China has the most remarkable annual variation,the Meiyu has the second and the rainy season in North China has the weakest,but the decadal variation is just opposite;according to the 500 hPa height field of the same term,the first flood period of South China has a close relationship with the low value systems at its north side while the Meiyu and the rainy season in North China are greatly influenced by the western Pacific subtropical high.The Meiyu also has a significant positive correlation with Okhotsk Blocking High and the rainy season in North China is mainly affected by the circulation systems on its northwest side;the rainy season in North China is closely related to the SST in Atlantic and North Pacific,while the SST in the adjacent sea of China has a strongest influence on the Meiyu of the Yangtze River and the Huaihe River valleys and the first flood period in South China has the most tremendous relationship with the SST near the Bay of Bengal.The emphasis of this paper is concentrated on the features summary of the three types of rainfall in East Asia.The East Asian summer rainfall is a very complex phenomenon and very important for the agriculture,industry and people's life.This work attempts to offer some references for the prediction of the East Asian summer monsoon rainfall.