Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Algorithm XXX: Automatic Generators for a Family of Matrix Multiplication Routines with Apache TVM

We explore the utilization of the Apache TVM open source framework to automatically generate a family of algorithms that follow the approach taken by popular linear algebra libraries, such as GotoBLAS2, BLIS and OpenBLAS, in order to obtain high-performance blocked formulations of the general matrix multiplication (gemm). In addition, we fully automatize the generation process, by also leveraging the Apache TVM framework to derive a complete variety of the processor-specific micro-kernels for gemm. This is in contrast with the convention in high performance libraries, which hand-encode a single micro-kernel per architecture using Assembly code. In global, the combination of our TVM-generated blocked algorithms and micro-kernels for gemm 1) improves portability, maintainability and, globally, streamlines the software life cycle; 2) provides high flexibility to easily tailor and optimize the solution to different data types, processor architectures, and matrix operand shapes, yielding performance on a par (or even superior for specific matrix shapes) with that of hand-tuned libraries; and 3) features a small memory footprint.
Parallel Acquisition: Origin and Remedies Artifacts in Diffusion Imaging with Use of Pseudolesions Arising from Unfolding

SUMMARY: Diffusion imaging acquired with echo-planar imaging (EPI) is usually performed with parallel imaging to reduce geometric distortions, especially at high fields. This study reports the occurrence of pseudolesions in EPI with parallel imaging. The unfolding artifacts are attributed as arising from a mismatch between RF sensitivity profiles and distorted acquisition data in the presence of susceptibility effects, plus strong signals on the b (cid:1) 0 images. Examples of pseudolesions from the eyeballs are shown, and remedies are suggested.
Downstream Morphological Consequences of River Channelization in England and Wales

minimized by working from one bank and by the use of a compound channel. The 'canal' effect is often encountered on new channel works and can be offset by flattening bank slopes and leaving natural bends where this will not affect the channel hydraulics. The tree problem can be resolved by careful survey prior to the works being carried out, minimum clearance during their execution and tree planting to make good or to provide screening on completion. More attention is now being paid to the aesthetic treatment of channel structures. Steel and concrete can be quite inappropriate in rural areas and increasing use is being made of timber and local stone heavy blocks being employed for bank revetment and erosion check weirs.
A Fourier series model for forecasting reference crop evapotranspiration

A new model for forecasting reference crop evapotranspiration is presented.Forecasting reference crop evapotranspiration plays an important role in crop water requirements forecasting and irrigation management.Based on the fact that reference crop evapotranspiration changes in a strong seasonal trend and the daily means fit to the summation of Fourier series approximately,using the method similar with modified daily mean model,we proposed a Fourier series model.The results of application to Doushan Irrigation System show that it can improve the accuracy of forecasting.This model is simple and can be easily integrated with an irrigation forecasting system or irrigation scheduling program.
Transcriptional Targeting Approaches in Cardiac Gene Transfer Using AAV Vectors

Cardiac-targeted transgene delivery offers new treatment opportunities for cardiovascular diseases, which massively contribute to global mortality. Restricted gene transfer to cardiac tissue might protect extracardiac organs from potential side-effects. This could be mediated by using cis-regulatory elements, including promoters and enhancers that act on the transcriptional level. Here, we discuss examples of tissue-specific promoters for targeted transcription in myocytes, cardiomyocytes, and chamber-specific cardiomyocytes. Some promotors are induced at pathological states, suggesting a potential use as “induction-by-disease switches” in gene therapy. Recent developments have resulted in the identification of novel enhancer-elements that could further pave the way for future refinement of transcriptional targeting, for example, into the cardiac conduction system.
Educational achievement and ethnicity in compulsory schooling

This paper analyzes the evolution of the attainment gap between white British born and ethnic minority pupils throughout compulsory schooling, from the age of 5 to 16. At the start of school, pupils from most ethnic groups substantially lag behind White British pupils, but these gaps decline for all groups throughout primary and secondary school. Language is the single most important factor why most ethnic minority pupils improve relative to White British pupils. Although poverty explains part of the differences in levels, it cannot explain why ethnic minority pupils gain relative to or even overtake White British pupils. All ethnic minority groups initially attend worse performing schools than White British pupils. However, more than 20 percent of the subsequent relative improvement can be attributed to ethnic minority pupils moving up to better schools relative to White British pupils. Finally, our results suggest the possibility that the relative improvement of ethnic minority pupils may be related to teacher incentives to concentrate attention on particular pupils, caused by the publication of school league tables at the end of secondary school.
The Flow of Water, Power, and Ideas: Water Commodification in Cape Town, South Africa and the Stratified Experiences of Time and Space Compression

I use the neoliberalization of the water sector in Cape Town, South Africa in order to test my theory of unequal development. I assert that the neoliberal economic practices of water commodification, business-friendly tariff policies, and prepaid management devices keep people along the periphery from accessing water, power, and ideas – thus causing a stratification of time and space compression between the core and the periphery. By painting a theoretical picture of world cities, I wish to complicate the dominant views of time/space compression and suggest that, much like development and arguably because of it, time and space compression actually becomes a stratified experience in the geographical space of a world city. When a city turns global and attaches into the international space, it detaches from its local context. In the core of the city, made up of its financial district, business sector, and wealthy neighborhoods, time and space are very compressed because they operate closely to the global network of exchange at highs speeds. However, along the periphery of the city populated by mostly working-class or unemployed people, time is actually experienced at a much slower pace than the global network and the peripheral space is kept remote, distant, and detached from the core. This stratification of time and space compression is then used as a further weapon of subjugation against those living along the periphery and intensifies the underdevelopment with which the stratification originated.
Advancing Vaccine Strategies against Candida Infections: Exploring New Frontiers

Candida albicans, along with several non-albicans Candida species, comprise a prominent fungal pathogen in humans, leading to candidiasis in various organs. The global impact of candidiasis in terms of disease burden, suffering, and fatalities is alarmingly high, making it a pressing global healthcare concern. Current treatment options rely on antifungal drugs such as azoles, polyenes, and echinocandins but are delimited due to the emergence of drug-resistant strains and associated adverse effects. The current review highlights the striking absence of a licensed antifungal vaccine for human use and the urgent need to shift our focus toward developing an anti-Candida vaccine. A number of factors affect the development of vaccines against fungal infections, including the host, intraspecies and interspecies antigenic variations, and hence, a lack of commercial interest. In addition, individuals with a high risk of fungal infection tend to be immunocompromised, so they are less likely to respond to inactivated or subunit whole organisms. Therefore, it is pertinent to discover newer and novel alternative strategies to develop safe and effective vaccines against fungal infections. This review article provides an overview of current vaccination strategies (live attenuated, whole-cell killed, subunit, conjugate, and oral vaccine), including their preclinical and clinical data on efficacy and safety. We also discuss the mechanisms of immune protection against candidiasis, including the role of innate and adaptive immunity and potential biomarkers of protection. Challenges, solutions, and future directions in vaccine development, namely, exploring novel adjuvants, harnessing the trained immunity, and utilizing immunoinformatics approaches for vaccine design and development, are also discussed. This review concludes with a summary of key findings, their implications for clinical practice and public health, and a call to action for continued investment in candidiasis vaccine research.
AC Breakdown Characteristics of Hybrid Nitrogen-Barrier Insulation Systems at Different Pressures

Breakdown voltage of the nitrogen insulation gap can be increased by inserting a polymer barrier to form a hybrid nitrogen-barrier insulation system. In this article, the effect of barrier position on the breakdown voltage of a hybrid insulation system is investigated at different gas pressures. Reducing the distance from the barrier surface to the rod electrode leads to higher breakdown voltages at gas pressures in the range of 0.1–0.25 MPa. Additionally, the breakdown field strengths of the insulation gaps at different gas pressures are studied. When the barrier is placed near the plate electrode, the breakdown field strength shows a linear increase with increasing gas pressure. Furthermore, the breakdown paths in the hybrid insulation systems can be classified into two types. The breakdown voltages of the two path types are close. A prediction model of the breakdown voltages at different pressures based on the breakdown path is proposed. The proposed model is also suitable for hybrid insulation systems with different size barriers. The barrier with lower relative permittivity and higher resistivity tested in this article has a more significant effect on increasing the breakdown voltage. The influences of the barrier surface charge on the electric field and breakdown processes are also discussed.
Psychological and physiological effects of noise pollution on the residents of major cities of Punjab (Pakistan)

Noise level was studied in four different categories of area in Faisalabad city, viz., residential, commercial, industrial and transportational zones of big cities of Punjab. The highest noise level was observed in the commercial zone being 72.05 to 81.11 dB, followed by residential zone 69.75 to 80.90 dB, industrial zones 68.00 to 81.50 dB and transportational zone 70.77 to 84.03 dB. Followed by four different categories of Lahore (LHR) city, viz and residential, commercial, industrial and transportational zones. Highest noise level was observed in transportational zones from 73 to 100 dB, followed by industrial zones from 80 to 94 dB, commercial zones from 75 to 90 and residential zone from 80.60 to 89 dB. It was also followed by Gujranwala city, viz, residential, transportational, commercial and industrial zones. Highest noise level was observed in transportational zones from 78.56 to 88.56 dB, followed by industrial zones from 78.10 to 88.10 dB, commercial zones from 68.88 to 78.88 dB and residential zone from 68.13 to 78.13 dB. The noise level observed in this study was with in the safe limits for all the residential, commercial, industrial and transportational zones. However, noise level in all the areas were found to be above the ambient noise standard level. The noise levels recorded in this study had severe effect on the nervous system and all the related diseases were found in the concerned population. This study will be proved very useful to organizations and policy makers who are concerned with environmental departments.
Effectiveness of Vestibular Rehabilitation for Patients with Degenerative Cerebellar Ataxia: A Retrospective Cohort Study

Many patients with cerebellar ataxia have dizziness caused by oculomotor or peripheral vestibular deficits; however, there is little evidence supporting the use of vestibular rehabilitation for this population. The purpose of this study was to determine whether patients with degenerative cerebellar diseases improve following rehabilitation including vestibular exercises. A secondary aim was to identify variables associated with the outcomes. A retrospective chart review identified 42 ambulatory patients (23 men and 19 women; mean age = 54.5 ± 14.4 years) with cerebellar degeneration. Fourteen patients had ataxia only, twenty had ataxia and oculomotor abnormalities, and eight had ataxia with oculomotor and peripheral vestibular deficits. Patients received customized physical therapy including balance and gait training, as well as gaze stabilization and habituation exercises for vestibular hypofunction and motion-provoked dizziness. Primary outcome measures (Activities-specific Balance Confidence Scale, Tinetti Performance Oriented Mobility Assessment, Dynamic Gait index, and Sensory Organization Test) were evaluated at baseline and discharge. Patients improved (p < 0.05) on all outcome measures. Patients with vestibular deficits were seen for more visits compared to those with gait ataxia only (7.1 vs. 4.8 visits). This study provides evidence that patients with degenerative cerebellar disease improve in balance confidence, fall risk and sensory integration with therapy that includes vestibular rehabilitation.
Parallelization of a Multi-block Flow Solver

A parallelization of a Navier–Stokes solver is presented. The flow solver is based on a multi-block structured grid. The parallelization is performed over the blocks, and the data on the block boundaries is exchanged using the MPI Standard. The parallelized code can also be run in a single-processor mode or on a shared memory machine. In order to facilitate the preand post-processing a separate program for a domain decomposition has been written. The first tests indicate a good scaleability of the parallelization approach.
Othello is Solved

The game of Othello is one of the world's most complex and popular games that has yet to be computationally solved. Othello has roughly ten octodecillion (10 to the 58th power) possible game records and ten octillion (10 to the 28th power) possible game positions. The challenge of solving Othello, determining the outcome of a game with no mistake made by either player, has long been a grand challenge in computer science. This paper announces a significant milestone: Othello is now solved. It is computationally proved that perfect play by both players lead to a draw. Strong Othello software has long been built using heuristically designed search techniques. Solving a game provides a solution that enables the software to play the game perfectly.
Maximum Knowledge Orthogonality Reconstruction with Gradients in Federated Learning

Federated learning (FL) aims at keeping client data local to preserve privacy. Instead of gathering the data itself, the server only collects aggregated gradient updates from clients. Following the popularity of FL, there has been considerable amount of work, revealing the vulnerability of FL approaches by reconstructing the input data from gradient updates. Yet, most existing works assume an FL setting with unrealistically small batch size, and have poor image quality when the batch size is large. Other works modify the neural network architectures or parameters to the point of being suspicious, and thus, can be detected by clients. Moreover, most of them can only reconstruct one sample input from a large batch. To address these limitations, we propose a novel and completely analytical approach, referred to as the maximum knowledge orthogonality reconstruction (MKOR), to reconstruct clients' input data. Our proposed method reconstructs a mathematically proven high quality image from large batches. MKOR only requires the server to send secretly modified parameters to clients and can efficiently and inconspicuously reconstruct the input images from clients' gradient updates. We evaluate MKOR's performance on the MNIST, CIFAR-100, and ImageNet dataset and compare it with the state-of-the-art works. The results show that MKOR outperforms the existing approaches, and draws attention to a pressing need for further research on the privacy protection of FL so that comprehensive defense approaches can be developed.
The Role of Hydrogen Sulfide in the Localization and Expression of p53 and Cell Death in the Nervous Tissue in Traumatic Brain Injury and Axotomy

Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is one of the leading causes of disability and death worldwide. It is characterized by various molecular–cellular events, with the main ones being apoptosis and damage to axons. To date, there are no clinically effective neuroprotective drugs. In this study, we examined the role of hydrogen sulfide (H2S) in the localization and expression of the key pro-apoptotic protein p53, as well as cell death in the nervous tissue in TBI and axotomy. We used a fast donor (sodium sulphide, Na2S) H2S and a classic inhibitor (aminooxyacetic acid, AOAA) of cystathionine β-synthase (CBS), which is a key enzyme in H2S synthesis. These studies were carried out on three models of neurotrauma in vertebrates and invertebrates. As a result, it was found that Na2S exhibits a pronounced neuroprotective effect that reduces the number of TUNEL-positive neurons and glial cells in TBI and apoptotic glia in axotomy. This effect could be realized through the Na2S-dependent decrease in the level of p53 in the cells of the nervous tissue of vertebrates and invertebrates, which we observed in our study. We also observed the opposite effect when using AOAA, which indicates the important role of CBS in the regulation of p53 expression and death of neurons and glial cells in TBI and axotomy.
Ramsey numbers of bounded degree trees versus general graphs

For every $k\ge 2$ and $\Delta$, we prove that there exists a constant $C_{\Delta,k}$ such that the following holds. For every graph $H$ with $\chi(H)=k$ and every tree with at least $C_{\Delta,k}|H|$ vertices and maximum degree at most $\Delta$, the Ramsey number $R(T,H)$ is $(k-1)(|T|-1)+\sigma(H)$, where $\sigma(H)$ is the size of a smallest colour class across all proper $k$-colourings of $H$. This is tight up to the value of $C_{\Delta,k}$, and confirms a conjecture of Balla, Pokrovskiy, and Sudakov.
Reinforced Galton-Watson processes II: Large time behaviors

Reinforced Galton-Watson processes have been introduced in arxiv:2306.02476 as population models with non-overlapping generations, such that reproduction events along genealogical lines can be repeated at random. We investigate here some of their sample path properties such as asymptotic growth rates and survival, for which the effects of reinforcement on the evolution appear quite strikingly.
Implementasi Metode Composite Performance Index (CPI) Pada Sistem Pendukung Keputusan Pemilihan SSD Eksternal

The need for data storage is currently increasing, so external or portable data storage is developing. Likewise for SSDs, currently the External SSD market has been circulating which offers practicality, speed and large capacity. However, problems arise in selecting an External SSD, it will take time and effort to find information about product specifications and match the wishes and needs of the buyer. The purpose of this study is to implement the Composite Performance Index (CPI) method in a decision support system for choosing an External SSD, so that it can make it easier for users to determine alternatives quickly and precisely. The CPI method is used to solve decision problems with a number of alternatives through a combined index to rank alternatives from several criteria. The results of the calculations in the case study produced the highest score obtained by the alternative Kingston XS2000 SSD (A3) with a value of 130,001, followed by Lacie Rugged SSD Pro (A1) with a value of 108,334, Samsung SSD T7 Touch (A4) with a value of 100 and Seagate SSD Portable (A2) with a score of 93,335. The calculation of the CPI method obtained from the system obtains the same calculation results as the manual results. Based on testing with the black-box testing technique, all test cases are declared valid, this means that the system can work properly.
Improved Roundtrip Spanners, Emulators, and Directed Girth Approximation

Roundtrip spanners are the analog of spanners in directed graphs, where the roundtrip metric is used as a notion of distance. Recent works have shown existential results of roundtrip spanners nearly matching the undirected case, but the time complexity for constructing roundtrip spanners is still widely open. This paper focuses on developing fast algorithms for roundtrip spanners and related problems. For any $n$-vertex directed graph $G$ with $m$ edges (with non-negative edge weights), our results are as follows: - 3-roundtrip spanner faster than APSP: We give an $\tilde{O}(m\sqrt{n})$-time algorithm that constructs a roundtrip spanner of stretch $3$ and optimal size $O(n^{3/2})$. Previous constructions of roundtrip spanners of the same size either required $\Omega(nm)$ time [Roditty, Thorup, Zwick SODA'02; Cen, Duan, Gu ICALP'20], or had worse stretch $4$ [Chechik and Lifshitz SODA'21]. - Optimal roundtrip emulator in dense graphs: For integer $k\ge 3$, we give an $O(kn^2\log n)$-time algorithm that constructs a roundtrip \emph{emulator} of stretch $(2k-1)$ and size $O(kn^{1+1/k})$, which is optimal for constant $k$ under Erd\H{o}s' girth conjecture. Previous work of [Thorup and Zwick STOC'01] implied a roundtrip emulator of the same size and stretch, but it required $\Omega(nm)$ construction time. Our improved running time is near-optimal for dense graphs. - Faster girth approximation in sparse graphs: We give an $\tilde{O}(mn^{1/3})$-time algorithm that $4$-approximates the girth of a directed graph. This can be compared with the previous $2$-approximation algorithm in $\tilde{O}(n^2, m\sqrt{n})$ time by [Chechik and Lifshitz SODA'21]. In sparse graphs, our algorithm achieves better running time at the cost of a larger approximation ratio.