Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Inequality, Saving and Global Imbalances: A New Theory with Evidence from OECD and Asian Countries

type="main" xml:id="twec12188-abs-0001"> Global imbalances are attributable to savings deficiency in some economies and savings glut in others. The recent global crisis has triggered widespread social conflict over income inequality. The inequality-saving link has again become a pressing issue needing serious attention. We present a new theory to explain why the link between inequality and saving is negative in OECD countries but positive in emerging Asia. We also offer an econometric analysis of differences in inequality-saving links between those economies. We find that aggressive financial services lead to a negative link by creating income illusion for overconsumption, but imperfect financial markets contribute to a positive link by interacting with industrial policies as part of growth strategies while ignoring liquidity constraints on consumption.
Governing Clean Development: A Framework for Analysis

This article constructs a framework for understanding and explaining the governance of clean development (CD) in order to generate insights about who is governing it, by what means, for whom and how effectively. Such a framework usefully highlights governance gaps and blind spots, issues of policy coherence and co-ordination, and the distributional consequences of existing patterns of CD governance. It points to the need to construct forms of governance whch are mutually reinforcing, which avoid duplication and which provide incentives to address the energy needs of the very poorest, whose interests may otherwise be overlooked.
Metabolic Effectors Secreted by Bacterial Pathogens: Essential Facilitators of Plastid Endosymbiosis?[W][OA]

Under the endosymbiont hypothesis, over a billion years ago a heterotrophic eukaryote entered into a symbiotic relationship with a cyanobacterium (the cyanobiont). This partnership culminated in the plastid that has spread to forms as diverse as plants and diatoms. However, why primary plastid acquisition has not been repeated multiple times remains unclear. Here, we report a possible answer to this question by showing that primary plastid endosymbiosis was likely to have been primed by the secretion in the host cytosol of effector proteins from intracellular Chlamydiales pathogens. We provide evidence suggesting that the cyanobiont might have rescued its afflicted host by feeding photosynthetic carbon into a chlamydia-controlled assimilation pathway.
Paralleling Multiple Static Synchronous Series Compensators Using Daisy-Chained Transformers

A modular and scalable series compensation technique for enhancing controllability and flexibility in power transmission in distributed power systems is proposed. The concept is based on paralleling multiple static synchronous series compensators (SSSC) through daisy-chained transformers to perform reactive power compensation, and thus control the amount and direction of the power flow over the transmission link. Each compensator unit is under an autonomous control for regulating its output voltage. Its output current is coupled to another compensator unit through one of the daisy-chained transformers, so that the transmission current is shared among the parallel-connected compensators. Modeling, design, and analysis of a compensator unit and the proposed multiparallel-connected SSSC (MSSSC) architecture in an elementary two-machine system will be presented. A 3-kVA MSSSC test bed with three-parallel-connected compensator units for a single-phase system has been built and evaluated. The steady-state and transient current-sharing characteristics in forward and reverse power transmission over the transmission link will be studied. The response of the MSSSC system with each compensator unit engaged sequentially will also be investigated.
Malignant odontogenic tumors: a multicentric Latin American study of 25 cases.

OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to show the epidemiological features of 25 malignant odontogenic tumors (MOT) in Latin America. MATERIALS AND METHODS We retrieved 25 cases of MOT out of 2142 odontogenic tumors, from four oral diagnostic centers in Latin America, and described the main clinical and pathological characteristics. RESULTS A total of 19 cases were carcinomas, including eight ameloblastic carcinomas, five primary intra-osseous squamous cell carcinomas, three clear cell odontogenic carcinomas and three ghost cell odontogenic carcinomas. All six sarcomas corresponded to ameloblastic fibrosarcoma. Thirteen cases occurred in men and 12 in women, age ranged from 7 to 77 years old, with a mean of 41.4 years. The average age of patients with carcinomas and sarcomas were 48.53 and 19 years old, respectively. CONCLUSION As malignant odontogenic tumors are very rare, this series helps to better clarify their relative frequency, predominant subtypes, and clinical characteristics in Latin America.
Searching for On-Field Parity

The authors analyze whether the scheduling changes the National Football League (NFL) made at the time to promote parity had the desired impact on the 1995-1998 and the 2003-2006 seasons compared to the 1991-1994 and the 1999-2002 seasons. Using the relative standard deviation (RSD), the authors find that the scheduling changes did not significantly influence parity. However, this result does not imply that scheduling changes do not affect competitive balance or have no benefits. Competitive balance can manifest itself in different ways and, therefore, it is imperative to look at multiple indicators before declaring policy and rule changes a failure or a success.
Quantitative text analysis and the study of EU lobbying and interest groups

Interest groups’ policy position documents constitute an important data source for estimating their policy positions and lobbying success. We examine applications of quantitative text analysis to research these documents in the context of the European Commission’s open consultations. We show a considerable degree of incongruity between this method’s assumptions and the text characteristics of EU position documents. We examine how these incongruities affect the validity of position estimates and conduct an empirical analysis of documents submitted in one consultation on CO2 car emissions. We compare estimates derived on both quantitative and qualitative content analysis and find relatively limited correspondence between the two. These observed differences matter substantively: they result in different findings concerning levels of interest groups’ lobbying success.
Techniques in Adaptive Selling : A Strategic Account Management Approach

We uncover a range of communication techniques used by salespersons across three levels of accounts classified according to their strategic importance to a selling organization. We further distinguish between communication techniques utilized in positive sales encounters characterized by harmonious interaction between buyer and seller, and those used in challenging situations where salespersons recovered from a breakdown in interpersonal communication. Results from interviews with salespersons from a FORTUNE 150 corporation indicate that salespersons selectively employ facets of broad communication techniques such as rapport building, active listening, information transfer, and social influence in their communication with buyers of varying strategic importance. Moreover, the valence of a sales interaction also necessitates selective use of facets of broader communication techniques. Implications for improving sales communication in strategic account management are discussed.
Coplanar patch antennas: principle, simulation and experiment

We introduced a new concept of a coplanar patch antenna (CPA) and presented simulation and experimental results for the antenna. The coplanar patch antenna consists of a patch surrounded by closely spaced ground conductor and a CPW feed line, which has a similar geometric configuration as the loop slot antenna. Simulation and experiment results clearly demonstrated that the CPA behaves, particularly the resonant property, more similar to the microstrip patch antenna rather than a loop slot antenna. Simulated and measured results for the return loss, radiation pattern and gain were presented. A good agreement between the simulation and measurement has been obtained. The similarity of the microstrip patch antenna and coplanar patch antenna, and some design consideration for the patch have been described.
Contamination of hands and work surfaces with Salmonella enteritidis PT4 during the preparation of egg dishes

SUMMARY Salmonella enteritidis PT4 was recovered from fingers following the breaking of intact shell eggs artificially contaminated in the contents with the bacterium. Kitchen utensils used to mix egg dishes were salmonella-positive, sometimes after washing. Following the preparation of batter or the mixing of eggs, S. enteritidis was recovered from work surfaces over 40 cm from the mixing bowl. The bacterium survived well in thin, dry films of either batter or egg and, from an initial level of one cell per cm2, could be recovered from formica work surfaces 24 h after contamination.
Hedge Fund Indices: Reconciling Investability and Representativity

"Following a growing concern among investors about the quality of hedge fund index return data, this paper addresses the question of whether designing hedge fund indices that fulfil the usual requirements (in particular representative and investable) is or not a feasible task, given a variety of features that are specific to that industry. To test whether or not investability should necessarily come at the cost of representativity, we use a well-known methodology in the asset pricing literature based on the concept of factor replicating portfolios. Our results suggest that it is actually possible to construct representative indices based on a limited number of funds that are open to new investments, except perhaps in the case of equity market neutral strategies, provided that: i) these funds are suitably selected and ii) a portfolio is constructed with the objective of replicating the common trend in hedge fund returns for a given strategy. A range of robustness tests are performed that show that high correlation of the factor replicating portfolios with the common factor of returns for each strategy is remarkably stable with respect to modifying the number of funds in the replicating portfolio or changing the frequency of rebalancing. " Copyright 2007 The Authors Journal compilation (c) 2007 Blackwell Publishing Ltd.
Combining Sentiment Analysis with Socialization Bias in Social Networks for Stock Market Trend Prediction

According to the indirect relationship between information and stock trend, information such as comments and tweets can be used for stock trend prediction. When conducting classification on text data, feature sparse issues occur during conversion between tweets and word vectors. Another problem is that the unreliability of average sentiment scores to indicate one day’s sentiment. This is especially caused by the unbalanced number between positive and negative within one day, thus a large bias between sentiment and stock trend arises. In addion, information has social attributes when created and diffused in social networks, bias containing people’s belief in social networks also have become socialization bias. In order to solve those problems, this work proposes a sentiment analysis based prediction model and an inverse bias algorithm. Instead of applying sentiment analysis to add sentiment related features, this work uses SentiWordNet to give an additional weight to the selected features, and applies two kinds of sentiment analysis to inverse the socialization bias. Aiming at labeling the tweets to sentiment related groups to help find socialization bias, this work also proposes an extended wordlist based on a semi-supervised Naive Bayes classification algorithm. After finishing the inverse socialization bias, stock trends were used to label example sets. Different classification algorithms were compared in this work. The proposed model with SVM linear algorithm proves to yield accuracy of 90.33% at its best performance.
THE RISE AND RISE OF ENTERPRISE BARGAINING IN AUSTRALIA, 1991–2011

Collective bargaining and agreement-making has been an established part of Australia's arbitral model of industrial relations since its inception. Although the significance of bargaining and agreement-making has varied considerably over the course of the twentieth century and across different sectors, it nonetheless remained a secondary component of the formal system of wage determination until the 1980s. From the mid-1980s, however, new wage-fixing principles and legislative changes have paved the way for enterprise bargaining as the primary mechanism through which wages and conditions of employment have been determined, evolving towards a predominance of enterprise-level collective agreements. The aim of this paper is to describe the major institutional reforms intended to promote enterprise bargaining and to review the major trends in agreement-making over the course of the last twenty years in particular. The data show that, while enterprise-level agreement-making has become an entrenched feature of the Australian system, it is not at all clear that it has involved the spread of collective bargaining as the term is normally understood.
The IbnSina interactive theater: Where humans, robots and virtual characters meet

Although numerous early attempts towards the use of robotics in conjunction with virtual characters in order to create augmented reality theater and interactive performances have taken place, the state of the art is still in an initial stage on the pathway towards the full exploitation of the technological as well as creative and artistic potentialities that exist. Here we will present the IbnSina Center, a novel augmented reality interactive theatre installation, named after the famous polymath of the 10th century, known as Avicenna in the west. The installation consists of a ten-meter stage, multiple stage sensors, a screen, a pseudo-3D holograph transparency, and a seating area for the audience. The stage is populated by a custom-designed humanlike humanoid robot (the “IbnSina” robot) and by humans and other entities. The screen and the holograph can display static and moving images, virtual environments as well as online virtual worlds populated by characters, or a windowed / blended mix of the above. The robotic and virtual characters can be autonomous, partially-autonomous, puppetteered, scripted, or real-time-controlled by imitation of human body movements (embodied telepresence). Furthermore, multiple modes of participation of distant humans can be supported: not only through videoconference, but also through control of robots and/or virtual characters. The IbnSina center serves as a platform for multiple purposes: artistic, research as well as educational; and most importantly, the centrality of a progressive character such as IbnSina catalyzes the reconnection of the wider region of the UAE to a past during which scientific inquiry and the arts had flourished; and thus, enables the creation of a future for the region which will emphasize such cultural values.
Estimation of China's provincial capital stock (1952–2004) with applications

Construction of physical capital stock data is a key element for estimating production functions, measuring total factor productivity growth, and for growth accounting. Existing literature, however, shows great variations in the estimates of China's national capital stocks because different methodologies and statistical sources were used. Systematic improvements and adjustments to China's GDP accounting practices have made it possible to produce a consistent and comparable series for provincial level capital stock using the perpetual inventory method (PIM). This article recommends a standardized procedure in constructing the level of capital stock for 30 Chinese provinces from 1952 to 2004. The merit of such statistical construction, although with some drawbacks, is that the series can be easily updated to more recent years using official statistics. Applying our capital stock data, we estimate total factor productivity growth and characterize the spatial pattern across provinces in post-reform China.
On the Role of the Growth Optimal Portfolio in Finance

The paper discusses various roles that the growth optimal portfolio (GOP) plays in finance. For the case of a continuous market we show how the GOP can be interpreted as a fundamental building block in financial market modeling, portfolio optimisation, contingent claim pricing and risk measurement. On the basis of a portfolio selection theorem, optimal portfolios are derived. These allocate funds into the GOP and the savings account. A risk aversion coefficient is introduced, controlling the amount invested in the savings account, which allows to characterize portfolio strategies that maximise expected utilities. Natural conditions are formulated under which the GOP appears as the market portfolio. A derivation of the intertemporal capital asset pricing model is given without relying on Markovianity, equilibrium arguments or utility functions. Fair contingent claim pricing, with the GOP as numeraire portfolio, is shown to generalise risk neutral and actuarial pricing. Finally, the GOP is described in various ways as the best performing portfolio.
An Imperfect Union: The Maastricht Treaty And The New Politics Of European Integration

* Introduction * The European Community Before 1989 * After the Wall: The Road to Rome * Negotiating Maastricht: Economic and Monetary Union * Negotiating Maastricht: Political Union * The Ratification Crisis * Consolidating the Union * Conclusion: The End of the Cold War and the Future of European Integration
Entrepreneurs in learning networks: problems, opportunities and implications for program design

Critiques of most existing competence development programs with respect to small firms is that they are not fully relevant to the firms; entrepreneurs in small firms need alternatives. An experiential learning approach, based on collaborative learning and work-related problems in learning networks, may fit the needs of the entrepreneur better than traditional methods based on passive theory-centred lecturing. The distinctive nature of learning in small firms and the appropriateness of programs to support learning and development in those firms are largely unexplored from an empirical perspective. The purpose of this article is to suggest how different conditions related to learning networks may facilitate an appropriate learning situation for entrepreneurs. The findings show that for entrepreneurs to gain useful learning in learning networks, the management of the network should be demanding and various constructs in the learning situation must be considered.
ADCS Prevention Instrument Project: Development of a Brief Verbal Memory Test for Primary Prevention Clinical Trials

The validity and reliability of clinic-based and telephone-based versions of a 4 word delayed recall test were evaluated in nondemented elderly individuals (n=644) participating in a simulated primary prevention clinical trial. There was no significant difference in the average scores achieved by participants tested in clinic (mean=3.40) or by telephone (mean=3.47) and the 2 groups had similar distributions of scores. Delayed recall scores were significantly, but weakly, correlated with scores on a rigorous verbal memory task, were lower in participants in Clinical Dementia Rating stage 0.5 than in those in Clinical Dementia Rating stage 0, and were lower in those with subjective memory complaints than in those without complaints. There was only fair correspondence between scores achieved at initial testing and 3 months later for both versions of the test. There were no differences in the average scores achieved by men or women, those older (age 80 to 93) or younger (age 75 to 79) than age 80, or those with white or nonwhite ethnicity. Participants with low education scored significantly lower than those with high education. Results suggest that clinic-based and telephone-based versions of the Four Word Delayed Recall Test are valid and reliable and can be used to screen for possible memory deficits in elderly individuals. However, the psychometric properties of the test are relatively weak and do not support the general use of the test for clinical and research purposes if the use of a more rigorous memory test with a wider range of possible scores is feasible.
The relationship of health-related quality of life to prevalent and incident vertebral fractures in postmenopausal women with osteoporosis: results from the Multiple Outcomes of Raloxifene Evaluation Study.

OBJECTIVE To examine the effect of both prevalent and incident vertebral fractures on health-related quality of life (HRQOL) in postmenopausal women with osteoporosis and to characterize the effect of prevalent vertebral fractures on HRQOL with respect to number, location, severity, and adjacency. METHODS Participants were a subset of women (n = 1,395, mean age 68.5 years) from the Multiple Outcomes of Raloxifene Evaluation trial who had low bone mineral density and/or prevalent vertebral fractures. Vertebral fractures were measured by radiography at baseline, 2 years, and 3 years. HRQOL was assessed using the Osteoporosis Assessment Questionnaire (OPAQ), a validated disease-targeted instrument, at baseline and annually for 3 years. RESULTS Both prevalent and incident radiographic vertebral fractures were associated with decreased HRQOL. At baseline, women with a prevalent vertebral fracture had significantly lower OPAQ scores on physical function, emotional status, clinical symptoms, and overall HRQOL compared with women without a prevalent fracture (all P < 0.01). HRQOL scores were lower with each subsequent fracture. The effect of prevalent vertebral fracture was dependent on the location within the spine and was strongest in the lumbar region (L1-L4). Incident vertebral fractures significantly decreased OPAQ scores on physical function, emotional status, clinical symptoms, and overall HRQOL (all P < 0.001). CONCLUSION Our findings demonstrate the importance of treating postmenopausal women who have prevalent vertebral fractures to prevent further decreases in HRQOL associated with subsequent incident vertebral fracture.
Drift and Adjustment in Organizational Rule Compliance: A Grounded Theory of the 'Regulatory Pendulum' in Financial Markets

This article integrates research on rule development, compliance, and organizational change to model rule development and compliance in organizations, using causal-loop modeling from system dynamics to articulate explicitly a few key underlying processes. We focus on financial markets as a case area, suggesting that recurring regulatory problems in financial markets in the United States over the past 60 years, while differing in specifics, are structurally similar. At the heart of the model is the tension between production goals that focus on short-term, certain, salient benefits and required adherence to production-constraining rules that attempt to mitigate long-term, uncertain, and non-salient risks. It describes systemically how organizations attend to rules depending on the nature of the benefits of production compared to those of rule compliance. The model captures the operative mechanisms responsible for the development of pressures for production and for rule compliance in organizations, providing a structural explanation both for problem-prone organizations characterized by erosion of standards and increased violations and for organizations following rules more reliably. Drawing on studies of institutional work, we conclude by suggesting research on how agency, through strategic and tactical choice, potentially modifies structure in rule compliance.