Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Changes in grain-size and sedimentation rate of the Neogene Red Clay deposits along the Chinese Loess Plateau and implications for the palaeowind system

The wind system responsible for transporting dust onto the Chinese Loess Plateau during the late Miocene and Pliocene is still unknown and recent investigations highlight many controversies. This report aims to investigate spatiotemporal changes in grain-size and sedimentation rate of the Neogene Red Clay deposits in north China and to explore palaeoclimatic changes during the late Miocene and Pliocene, in particular the palaeowind system that transported dust. Samples were collected from eight Red Clay sections on the Loess Plateau. Measurement and analysis show that there is a clear southward decrease in the mean grain-size index and in the coarse particle fraction (>20 ì m). At Jiaxian site on the northern Loess Plateau, the average mean grain-size is around 20 ì m, while at Lantian site in the south, the mean is around 9 ì m. The coarse particle fraction >20 ì m makes up 24.4% and 5.6%, at the two sites respectively. This distinct diversity of grain-size in the aeolian Red Clay deposit between the north and south indicate that the palaeodust was transported mainly by northerly low-level winds. The grain-size variations in the Red Clay deposits can also be divided into three stages (the lower, the middle and the upper interval): grain-size of the lower stage is significantly coarser than that of the middle stage, but finer than that of the upper stage. As a consequence, the intensity of pa-laeowind and desiccation of the dust source region during the late Miocene and Pliocene can be divided into three stages: 6.2-5.4 Ma, 5.4-3.5 Ma and 3.5-2.6 Ma. Strength of the palaeowind during the middle stage (5.4-3.5 Ma) is weaker than that of the previous and subsequent stages and the intensity of palaeowind during the latest stage (3.5-2.6 Ma) is stronger than that of the early time (6.2-5.4 Ma). Variations in the sedimentation rate of the Red Clay deposit can also be divided into three stages: the earlier, the middle and the later interval. The sedimentation rate of the earlier stage is higher than during the middle stage, but lower than during the later one. This is a clear indicator of changes in the palaeowind intensity and aridity in the dust source region and may be linked with global ice volume changes during the late Miocene and the Pliocene.
From “ Hindu Growth ” to Productivity Surge : The Mystery of the Indian Growth Transition

This Working Paper should not be reported as representing the views of the IMF. The views expressed in this Working Paper are those of the author(s) and do not necessarily represent those of the IMF or IMF policy. Working Papers describe research in progress by the author(s) and are published to elicit comments and to further debate. This paper explores the causes of India’s productivity surge around 1980, more than a decade before serious economic reforms were initiated. Trade liberalization, expansionary demand, a favorable external environment, or improved agricultural performance did not play a role. We find evidence that the trigger may have been an attitudinal shift by the government in the early 1980s, which, unlike the reforms of the 1990s, was pro-business rather than pro-market in character, favoring the interests of existing business rather than new entrants or consumers. A relatively small shift elicited a large productivity response because India was far away from its income possibility frontier. Registered manufacturing, which had been built up in previous decades, played an important role in determining which states took advantage of the changed environment. JEL Classification Numbers: O11; O47; O53
Detection of Natural Infection with Cryptosporidiosis in Domestic Poultry from Sulaymaniyah Province/ Iraq

C RYPTOSPORIDIOSIS is Cryptosporidiosis is a zoonotic protozoan infection caused by Cryptosporidium spp. , with a public health concern. It has been reported widely across several countries in both wild and domestic birds. The study was designed to find out the Cryptosporidium parasite in different species of domestic poultry from Sulaymaniyah province northern region of Iraq. The study was carried during the period between June 2022 to February 2023, a total of 215 fresh dropping samples were collected from chicken, turkey, duck, geese and pigeons. All samples were screened for the presence of Cryptosporidium parasite by microscopy using fecal flotation and modified Zeihl-Neelsen staining method for recognition the oocyst stage of the parasite. Intestinal tissue samples were also fixed in 10% buffered formalin and stained with (H&E) for histopathology, to find out the lesions. The overall infection rate of Cryptosporidiosis was 29.30% among the examined poultry species, with the higher prevalence of 38.00% in chicken, followed by pigeon 35.56% then in geese 24.44%, and turkey 22.86%, and a lower prevalence of 22.50% was reported in duck. Histopathology from intestinal tissue revealed sever epithelial damage, ulceration with sloughing of villi, accompanied by infiltration of inflammatory cells with extensive edema. The results of the present study provide the first data on the occurrence of Cryptosporidium infection from domestic poultry in the study area.
First Records of the Blacktail Triplefin (Perciformes: Tripterygiidae), Helcogramma aquila, from Japan, with Notes on its Fresh Coloration

Eight specimens (33.2–40.8 mm standard length) of Helcogramma aquila Williams and McCormick, 1990 (Tripterygiidae), previously known from the Philippines and the Mariana Islands, were collected from Okinoerabu-jima and Okinawa-jima islands in the Ryukyu Islands, Japan. These specimens represent the first records of this species from Japan, and the specimen from Okinoerabu-jima island is the northernmost record for the species. Underwater photographs of male and female individuals and color photographs of a fresh male specimen are given for the first time for H. aquila.
Association of Peer Network with Childhood Obesity in DECIDE-Children Program

Some studies have found associations between the peer network and childhood obesity. The present study aimed to analyze the association of the peer network with obesity-related cognition, behaviors and adiposity indicators, and explore whether peer network influences the effect of a childhood-obesity intervention. Based on DECIDE-Children, 1392 children’s friendship nominations within the class were collected and peer network indicators including the network size, network density, and in- and out-degree centrality were calculated. The linear mixed model was used to analyze the association between peer network indicators and children’s cognition, behaviors and adiposity indicators (body mass index (BMI), BMI z score, the prevalence of overweight and obesity). Children with a higher in-degree centrality had 34.4% (95%CI: 17.4% to 48.1%) lower risk of overweight or obesity. The baseline degree centrality was inversely associated with the BMI and BMI z score at the end of the trial. For each unit increase in in-degree centrality at baseline, the BMI at the end of the trial decreased by 0.047 (95%CI: 0.015 to 0.080), and the BMI z score decreased by 0.015 (95%CI: 0.003 to 0.028). Children’s popularity reflected by centrality in their peer network was associated with cognition, behaviors, and adiposity indicators. Future childhood-obesity intervention research could pay more attention to socially inactive children.
Experiences with Extreme Monetary Instability

In early 1990, Argentina, Brazil, Peru, Yugoslavia and Poland were experiencing extreme instability or, at least, the early stages of stabilization. Other countries, like Bolivia, had already run the course and stabilized or, like Mexico, had avoided the extreme experience and opted for stabilization promptly and decisively. The lessons from these case studies, and from the earlier experiences of the 1920s and 1940s, have still to be drawn. Exactly the same themes come up each time. The paper investigates the dynamics of high inflation and the essential steps in stabilization.
Cationic Polymers Remarkably Boost Haloalkane Dehalogenase Activity in Organic Solvent Solutions and the Molecular Implications

Applications of haloalkane dehalogenase DhaA in biocatalysis are limited by its unfavorable performance in organic solvents. Our previous work proved that mutations of surface positive-charged residues enhanced the organic solvent resistance of DhaA, which inspired us to explore the effect of cationic polymers on DhaA in organic solvents. Remarkably boosted performance was achieved in different organic solvent solutions by introducing cationic polymers, for example, there was a 6.1-fold activity increase with poly(allylamine hydrochloride) and a 5.5-fold activity increase with poly(ethylene imine) in 40 vol.% dimethylsulfoxide. The presence of cationic polymers protected DhaA from damage by organic solvents and increased the substrate concentration around the enzyme-polymer complex. Fluorescence spectroscopy and molecular dynamics simulations revealed that the binding of cationic polymers onto DhaA weakened the interactions between organic solvents and DhaA, decreased the organic solvent solvation level around DhaA, and enhanced the structural stability of DhaA in organic solvents. This comprehensive understanding of the effect of cationic polymers on DhaA can help to broaden the applications of DhaA in organic solvent-involved biocatalysis.
Automatic verification of mercury thermometer based on image processing technology

In this paper, a new temperature automatic verification system has been studied. It uses platinum resistance temperature measurement system for thermostat bath to control roughly. Within the control point ±2.5 °C, the system automatically switches to use first-class standard mercury thermometer for precision measurements to control precisely temperature at verification points. The mercury thermometer indication is detected by digital camera imaging, and the scale value and exact location of mercury column are calculated by using image processing methods. including image enhancement, image denoising, binary image, edge detection and so on. The system uses gray-scale transform, median filtering, binary image, Canny edge detection operator to image processing by analysis and comparison. As tens of pixels cover each degree, the system gets the standard high-precision temperature. Experiments have proved the accuracy of image processing and computer vision measuring is an order of magnitude higher than of person's observation. Temperature reading, data processing and test results have been completed by computer, which increases automation and accuracy of verification. Therefore, verifying mercury thermometer, the theoretical temperature largely depends on the accuracy of mercury thermometer itself.
Efficient Inference With Model Cascades

State-of-the-art deep learning models are becoming ever larger. However, many practical applications are constrained by the cost of inference. Cascades of pretrained models with conditional execution address these requirements based on the intuition that some inputs are easy enough that they can be processed correctly by a smaller model allowing for an early exit. If the smaller model is not sufficiently confident in its prediction, the input is passed on to a larger model. The selection of the confidence threshold allows to trade off computational cost against accuracy. In this work we explore the effective design of model cascades, thoroughly evaluate the impact on the accuracy-efficiency trade-off, and provide a reproducible state-of-the-art baseline that is currently missing for related research. We demonstrate that model cascades dominate the ImageNet Pareto front already with 2-model cascades, achieving an average reduction in compute effort at equal accuracy of almost 3 . 1 × above 86% and more than 1 . 9 × between 80% and 86% top-1 accuracy, while 3-model cascades achieve 4 . 4 × above 87% accuracy. We confirm wider applicability and effectiveness of the method on the GLUE benchmark. We release the code to reproduce our experiments in the supplementary material and use only publicly available pretrained models and datasets.
Intraspecific variation of Svalbardiceras spitzbergensis (Frebold) from the Early Triassic (Spathian) of Spitsbergen

The ammonoid species Svalbardiceras spitzbergensis from the latest Early Triassic (Spathian, subrobustus Zone) shows a remarkable intraspecific variation. The more than 400 specimens studied come from one fossiliferous carbonate nodule layer within a sequence of mudstones and clayey siltstones of the Vikinghøgda Formation (Vendomdalen Member), mainly collected in the Sassendalen and Agardhbugta areas in central and eastern Svalbard, respectively. The preservation of the ammonoids is very good, usually with preserved shells and complete body chambers. Morphologically they range from compressed, more or less smooth platycones, with narrow umbilicus, to wide umbilicate, depressed forms with straight, prominent ribs. The morphological variation is continuous: all specimens belong to a single assemblage, and are variants of one biospecies. This phenomenon, which is quite common in Boreal Triassic ammonoid faunas, has in the past led to serious taxonomic oversplitting. Furthermore, this new example presents a serious challenge to current ideas about the close correlation between mode of life and shell morphology of ammonoids.
Penyaring Komentar Cyberbullying Pada Konten Blog

Cyberbullying merupakan ancaman nyata dalam interaksi di antara penulis konten blog dan pembaca blog. Penelitian ini membahas tentang pengembangan fitur penyaring cyberbullying pada konten blog untuk meminimalisir cyberbullying dalam suatu situs blog. Adapun metode pengembangan sistem menggunakan iterative waterfall meliputi analisis sistem, desain sistem, implementasi dan pengujian. Berdasarkan pengujian dengan mode pelatihan data menggunakan 7755 dataset komentar dengan proporsi 3984 cyberbullying 3771 non-cyberbullying menghasilkan akurasi 85,25% dan error 14,75%. Pengujian dengan mode testing data menggunakan 1936 dataset komentar dengan proporsi 583 cyberbullying dan 1353 non-cyberbullying menghasilkan akurasi 80% dan error 20%. Dari hasil pengujian disimpulkan bahwa pengembangan fitur penyaring komentar cyberbullying dengan menggunakan naive bayes classifier menghasilkan rata-rata akurasi sebesar 80% dan rata-rata error sebesar 20%.
The Application of Geoarchaeological and Micromorphological Perspectives to Issues of Hominin Behavior in the Late Pleistocene

It is commonly accepted that several processes come into play in the formation of the archaeological record, and often the challenge of reconstructing past human behaviors and activities is dependent on the interpretation of the sedimentary context of the archaeological remains. In archaeological sites, in addition to geogenic and biogenic depositional and post-depositional processes commonly referred to in geology, humans play important roles as well as agents of sedimentation and transformation of the sedimentary record. This Ph.D. thesis takes a geoarchaeological perspective on the study of archaeological sediments and features using micromorphology, or the microscopic study of soils and sediments, to reconstruct formation processes at Contrebandiers Cave, Morocco (Chapter 2), and to study anthropogenic-derived sediments associated with fire use at early anatomical Modern humans occupations in Africa (at Contrebandiers Cave Chapter 3) and Neanderthal populations in Europe (Roc de Marsal Cave Chapter 4). North Africa has several important, well-stratified archaeological sites that provide evidence for the understanding of early modern humans' adaptations and behavior. However, little is known on the formation processes and the degree of preservation of many of the archaeological assemblages there. In this thesis, the sedimentary history of Contrebandiers Cave is reconstructed taking into consideration the overall evolution of the cave's surroundings. The results show that gravity-driven and aeolian inputs contributed greatly for the fairly rapid fill of the cave during the last Interglacial (Marine Isotopic Stage 5). Since diagenesis played a minor role, the archaeological assemblages are mainly affected by mechanical disturbance related to bioturbation. The micromorphology study of fire residues showed that the combustion features from Contrebandiers Cave are poorly preserved, with common mechanical disturbance by biological activity, and the presence of natural features that might be mistaken as fire evidence. The displacement of some of the fire residues is, in addition, attributed to human action of ranking out hearth deposits. On the other hand, micromorphology observations of fire derived sediments at Roc de Marsal attest to the well-preserved nature of the hearths in this site, which suffered little or no post-depositional displacement. Despite this almost `pristine' preservation, the developed study highlights the difficulty of tracing past human activities in association with each of the identified hearths. Such results suggest that is often impossible to access the degree of contemporaneity between different combustion events and, consequently, to distinguish between temporally separated prehistoric occupations at an archaeological site. Degree Type Dissertation Degree Name Doctor of Philosophy (PhD) Graduate Group Earth & Environmental Science This dissertation is available at ScholarlyCommons: http://repository.upenn. edu/edissertations/486 First Advisor Harold L. Dibble
Farm Sustainability Assessment and Model: Achieving Food Security through the Food Estate Program in North Sumatra

Improving food crop production is critical for achieving food security. The Food Estate (FE) program initiated by the government seeks to accomplish this through extensive and intensive farming practices while taking sustainability into consideration. In this paper, a multidimensional scaling (MDS) approach to determine the status and model of agricultural sustainability of the FE program was adopted. Three scenarios were developed to improve the sustainability status based on primary data from interviews with 50 farmers in Ria-Ria Village, Pollung District, North Sumatra. The findings indicate that the farming status is at a moderate sustainability, and improving all aspects can significantly increase the sustainability value. The study suggests that the government should prioritize the improvement of all aspects to raise the sustainability status of FE farming in order to achieve food security.
The Effect of Berberine on Thioacetamide Induced Hepatic Toxicity in Rats

Background: Most hepatotoxic chemicals primarily harm the liver by lipid peroxidation and oxidative damages. Aim: To study the impact of Berberine on thioacetamide-induced hepatic toxicity and its underlying mechanisms. Methods: This work was performed on 40 male albino rats. The animals were randomly divided into 4 groups (10 rats each): Control group: was given 0.5 ml saline intraperitoneal injection (IP) twice /week for 8 weeks. Berberine group: was given Berberine (200 mg/kg/day) by oral gavage plus 0.5 ml saline by IP twice /week for 8 weeks. Thioacetamide group: received 200mg/kg thioacetamide I.P. twice /week for 8 weeks. berberine treated group: was given 200mg/kg thioacetamide I.P. twice /week plus Berberine 200 mg/kg/day by oral gavage for 8 weeks. Results: Berberine group showed insignificant change in all studied parameters as compared to control group. While thioacetamide group demonstrated significant elevation in serum level of bilirubin, aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), interleukin 6 and hepatic hydroxyproline, with significant decrease in serum level of total antioxidant capacity compared to control and berberine group. However, thioacetamide group treated with Berberine 200 mg showed significant decrease in serum level of AST, ALT, ALP, bilirubin, interleukin 6 and hepatic hydroxyproline, with significant elevation in serum level of total antioxidant capacity as compared to liver toxicity group. Conclusions: BBR may be considered a therapeutic agent against hepatic injury, its hepatoprotective mechanism might be mediated via suppression of inflammation, oxidative stress, endogenous antioxidant defense system activation and reduction of DNA damage.
Dermatological Side Effects of Cancer Treatment: Psychosocial Implications—A Systematic Review of the Literature

Cancer is a leading cause of mortality and morbidity all over the world and the second major cause of death in Portugal. Dermatological side effects resulting from cancer treatment have a psychosocial impact on patients’ lives, such as quality of life (QoL), body image, cognitive fusion and social inhibition. This systematic review aimed to explore and synthesize the psychosocial impact of dermatological side effects of cancer treatment, answering the following research objectives: (i) Do the dermatological side effects of the cancer treatment present any psychosocial impact for the patients? (ii) How does the psychosocial impact of the dermatological toxicities of the cancer treatment manifest in patients’ lives? Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines were followed and guided a systematic search through the PubMed, Cochrane Library and PyscNet databases. The considered studies correlate dermatological side effects of cancer treatments and their psychological/psychosocial outcomes. The studies found were all published in peer-reviewed journals. The results obtained established that cancer treatment causes the most varied skin changes, consequently reducing self-esteem and QoL; disturbing body image; and contributing to cases of stress, depression and anxiety. There is still limited literature that profoundly investigates the experience of living with these skin toxicities. The development of research lines to improve knowledge in this field will allow for significant improvements in healthcare for patients undergoing cancer treatment who need to focus more on the psychosocial implications of skin toxicities. The novelty of this review lies in adding knowledge summarizing the psychosocial implications of dermatological side effects of cancer treatment to support healthcare providers in the development of integrative therapeutic strategies for these patients in their clinical practice.