Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Concurrent Growth Rate and Transcript Analyses Reveal Essential Gene Stringency in Escherichia coli

Background Genes essential for bacterial growth are of particular scientific interest. Many putative essential genes have been identified or predicted in several species, however, little is known about gene expression requirement stringency, which may be an important aspect of bacterial physiology and likely a determining factor in drug target development. Methodology/Principal Findings Working from the premise that essential genes differ in absolute requirement for growth, we describe silencing of putative essential genes in E. coli to obtain a titration of declining growth rates and transcript levels by using antisense peptide nucleic acids (PNA) and expressed antisense RNA. The relationship between mRNA decline and growth rate decline reflects the degree of essentiality, or stringency, of an essential gene, which is here defined by the minimum transcript level for a 50% reduction in growth rate (MTL50). When applied to four growth essential genes, both RNA silencing methods resulted in MTL50 values that reveal acpP as the most stringently required of the four genes examined, with ftsZ the next most stringently required. The established antibacterial targets murA and fabI were less stringently required. Conclusions RNA silencing can reveal stringent requirements for gene expression with respect to growth. This method may be used to validate existing essential genes and to quantify drug target requirement.
Fisher kernel based relevance feedback for multimodal video retrieval

This paper proposes a novel approach to relevance feedback based on the Fisher Kernel representation in the context of multimodal video retrieval. The Fisher Kernel representation describes a set of features as the derivative with respect to the log-likelihood of the generative probability distribution that models the feature distribution. In the context of relevance feedback, instead of learning the generative probability distribution over all features of the data, we learn it only over the top retrieved results. Hence during relevance feedback we create a new Fisher Kernel representation based on the most relevant examples. In addition, we propose to use the Fisher Kernel to capture temporal information by cutting up a video in smaller segments, extract a feature vector from each segment, and represent the resulting feature set using the Fisher Kernel representation. We evaluate our method on the MediaEval 2012 Video Genre Tagging Task, a large dataset, which contains 26 categories in 15.000 videos totalling up to 2.000 hours of footage. Results show that our method significantly improves results over existing state-of-the-art relevance feedback techniques. Furthermore, we show significant improvements by using the Fisher Kernel to capture temporal information, and we demonstrate that Fisher kernels are well suited for this task.
THE THYMUS AND RECOVERY OF THE SHEEP ERYTHROCYTE RESPONSE IN IRRADIATED MICE

The role of the thymus in the recovery of the sheep erythrocyte response after lethal irradiation has been studied in adult CBA mice with the hemolytic plaque technique of Jerne. This immunological parameter is markedly thymus-dependent. 10 wk after irradiation and after antigenic challenge the thymectomized animal has only one-twentieth to one-fortieth the number of plaque-forming cells as does the irradiated animal with intact thymus. The thymus continues to function into the 7th and 8th month of life in this strain. Unlike the drug-tolerant animal, the incompetent irradiated thymectomized mouse retains base line plaques (plaques without antigenic stimulation). Thymectomy 18 days after irradiation is as effective as prior thymectomy in preventing recovery of the sheep cell response. Thymectomized animals receiving grafts of isogenic neonatal thymus (placed beneath the kidney capsule) 1 day, 1 wk, or 2 wk after irradiation are somewhat more responsive at 10 wk than intact animals. Grafts in place for 1 or 2 wk after irradiation and then removed result in one-fifth the recovery of grafts in place the entire time, while only slight restoration is obtained from grafts in place for the final 3 wk of the experiment. The results indicate that the thymus is not required for the 18 days after irradiation, that a period of at least 3 wk residence is required for complete restoration, and that the thymus itself is somewhat radiation-sensitive. Allogeneic thymus grafts failed to restore the hemolysin response of irradiated thymectomized animals.
Working time: implications for sickness absence and the work–family balance

Olsen KM, Dahl S-A. Working time: implications for sickness absence and the work–family balance Int J Soc Welfare 2010: 19: 45–53 © 2008 The Author(s), Journal compilation © 2008 Blackwell Publishing Ltd and the International Journal of Social Welfare. The article analyses the impact of working time on two outcomes: sickness absence and the work–family balance. Working time is distinguished along two dimensions: irregular versus regular working hours and control versus no control over working time. There are three main findings. First, working irregular working hours with no control over time increased sickness absence, for men. Second, irregular hours, particularly with no flexibility, caused distress to the work–family balance, for both women and men. Third, flexibility in the work schedule when working regular hours had no effect on sickness absence nor on the work–family balance. This last finding may be explained by the institutional setting: employees in Norway already have substantial flexibility in, for instance, access to leave of absence. The findings suggest that increasing flexibility may benefit employees who work irregular hours.
Optimized Content Extraction from web pages using Composite Approaches

The information available today on web is tremendous and comes with greater challenges. Content extraction identifies the main content and removes the clutter from web pages. The main problem in extracting the content from the web page is the newer architecture of web pages and the diversity in the structure of web pages. Optimized content extraction from HTML documents using collective approaches proposes a hybrid model that operates on Document Object Model (DOM) tree of the corresponding HTML document to extract the content accurately. It combines approaches and techniques like statistical features extraction, formatting characteristic. Content type identification is used along with collective approach to overcome problem of dealing with versatile web pages, and yielding to achieve more accuracy in extracting the contents.
Improving the Cost Efficiency of Australian Pension Management

Recent advances in investment performance measurement and cost analysis are applied to suggest ways to improve Australian pension management. Using empirical data collected by the Australian Prudential Regulation Authority in 2006, we show that investment performance of different types of Australian pension firms is significantly correlated with their average costs. We identify benefits from increased scale (fund size), better fee negotiation, more direct investing, less active management, and better fund alignment with member interests.
Stationary M/G/1 excursions in the presence of heavy tails

It is shown that the stationary excursions above level x for the stationary M/G/1 queue with the service time distribution belonging to a certain class of subexponential distributions are asymptotically of two types as x →∞: either the excursion starts with a jump from a level which is O(1) and the initial excess over x converges to ∞, or it starts from a level of the form x – O(1) and the excess has a proper limit distribution. The two types occur with probabilities ρ, resp. 1 – ρ.
Achieving Optimal Investment Portfolio Using Dynamic Programming

Any time an investor makes an investment he must decide on the optimal investment strategy. Two very important strategies are Active portfolio management and Long term investing. The main objective of this study was to determine the optimal investment returns among six investments and the corresponding investments to be made. Data on six investments were collected – Government of Ghana’s Treasury Bills, Barclays Bank Ghana Ltd, Ghana Commercial Bank, Data Bank, Guinness Ghana Limited and Fan Milk Limited. Sample period ranges from 2000 to 2008 and the price series were normalize such that each commodity’s price changes have annualized volatility of 10%. Dynamic programming was used for data analysis. The results revealed that with ¢900 available for investment and given the corresponding returns from the various financial institutions we should not invest in Government of Ghana’s Treasury Bills and Ghana Commercial Bank. However, we should invest ¢100 in Barclays Bank Ghana to get ¢15, ¢200 in Data Bank, Accra to get ¢40, ¢500 in Ghana Guinness Limited, Accra for a return of ¢75 and ¢100 in Fan Milk Limited, Accra for a return of ¢19. This gives the optimal returns of ¢149. Keywords: Dynamic Programming, Optimal Investment
Feature Extraction Based on Sparsity Embedding with Manifold Information for Face Recognition

In the past few years, manifold learning and sparse representation have been widely used for feature extraction and dimensionality reduction. The sparse representation technique shows that one sample can be linearly recovered by the others in a data set. Based on this, sparsity preserving projections (SPP) has recently been proposed, which simply minimizes the sparse reconstructive errors among training samples in order to preserve the sparse reconstructive relations among data. However, SPP does not investigate the inherent manifold structure of the data set, which may be helpful for the recognition task. Motivated by this, we present in this paper a novel feature extraction approach named sparsity embedding with manifold information (SEMI), which not only preserves the sparse reconstructive relations, but also maintains the manifold structure of the reconstructed data. Specifically, for a sparse reconstructed sample, we minimize both its difference to the corresponding original sample as SPP does, and its distance to the original intra-class samples. Provided that this sample lies on different submanifolds from other samples, we additionally maximize, in the objective function, its distance to the original inter-class samples. Experimental results on two public ORL and AR face databases demonstrate that SEMI outperforms related methods in classification performance.
Sustaining the earth

Environmental issues, once the benign hobby of the few, have become everybody's urgent concern--progressing from the peaceful vibes of the first Earth Day to the political tumult of the "green possibility. " As we surpass the end of the twentieth century and as these issues become more pressing, John Young's "tour de force" is an especially welcome and timely assessment of the history of the environmental movement--and a call to arms for a new and effective attack on the problems.Young maintains that only a powerful synthesis of political, economic, and moral ideologies--a unification he terms "postenvironmentalism"--will move world societies into a relation to the environment that maintains the best democratic values. He describes many of the movements and strategies that have appeared over the last three decades: realos, reds, greens, left and right ecologists, eco-feminists, humanists, and pragmatists. Now even the most radical environmentalists must recognize the reality of questions about equity and poverty, technology and energy, aid and trade between wealthy and impoverished countries, and the validity of the ways people consider them. As the process of trial and error this book describes continues, Young offers--in a thoughtful and undogmatic manner--an alternative perspective that is essential reading for all who care about our world.
Efficient Algorithms for Networks of Quantitative Temporal Constraints

This paper describes two algorithms for networks of quantitative temporal constraints. The rst one is an incremental algorithm for checking the consistency of a set of constraints: it is based on the directional path consistency property, and it is a complete algorithm. The second algorithm relies on a property of shortest paths in a directional path consistent network. We prove this property and present an eecient linear-time algorithm that has a lower cost than usual shortest-path algorithm such as Bellman-Ford algorithm. These two algorithms form a complete system for managing quantitative temporal relationships. 1 Motivations Temporal constraints systems are widely used for temporal reasoning: these systems allow to deal ef-ciently with temporal relationships describing the relative positions of some temporal entities, such as instants or intervals. Given a set of such relationships , we are mainly interested in checking the satis-ability, or the consistency, of this set of constraints, and in computing the minimal relation between any two temporal entities. Consistency means that there exists a solution to the set of constraints. Depending on the formalism, point based or interval based, a solution is an assignment of a point or an interval on a time line (e.g. the set of rational numbers) to every temporal entity, according to its sort, and such that all temporal constraints are satissed by this assignment. In this article we shall restrain to point based temporal relations, i.e. relations describing the order between any two instants. Such temporal constraints are interesting because consistency can be decided in polynomial time 7]. An important requirement for the practical use of a consistecy checking algorithm is its incrementality, for example, when using a CLP-like resolution principle 1]. This both means that such an algorithm can be used to add one constraint at a time, retaining all previously encountered constraints as an internal statee, and that the cost of adding one constraint to this structure is less than the straightforward approach of checking again the consistency in one operation with the set of all constraints. In section 3 we propose an incremental algorithm to check the consistency of a set of quantitative temporal constraints between points. This algorithm extends some work done in 3]. Contrary to usual algorithms for temporal constraints, our algorithm does not compute the minimal relation between any two points in the network. This justiies the second algorithm that we propose in Section 4: It computes …
Labor Market Outcomes for Persons with Long Term Disabilities and College Educations

This study focuses on the labor market consequences of long term disability status for persons who have had the opportunity to receive a university education and rehabilitation services. The sample matches persons with functional limitations with a similar sample of university graduates without these limitations. In this paper, we focus on the salary outcomes for these two groups. We also report results for specific functional limitations. Our results concerning the relationship between the labor market experiences of college educated persons with and without disabilities are mixed. The advantage of a college education and advanced degrees allows persons with long term disabilities to compete quite well in the job market. The salary differentials that we estimate for this sample of long term disabled persons are quite small compared to the gaps typically estimated for disabled persons. A disturbing aspect of our results is that there appears to be a residual of the difference in salaries across persons with disabilities that is correlated with the negative opinions held by the general population about persons with these disabilities. Without direct measures of productivity it is not possible to dismiss the hypothesis that these opinions are correlated with unmeasured productivity. However, the introduction of a measure of health that should be correlated with productivity serves to increase rather than decrease the point estimates of the role of attitudes on wages. We therefore cannot dismiss the possibility that wage discrimination remains for even highly qualified persons with long term disabilities.
Architectural point mapping for design traceability

AOP can be applied to not only modularization of crosscutting concerns but also other kinds of software development processes. As one of the applications, this paper proposes a design traceability mechanism originating in join points and pointcuts. It is not easy to design software architecture reflecting the intention of developers and implement the result of design as a program while preserving the architectural correctness. To deal with this problem, we propose two novel ideas: Archpoint (Architectural point) and Archmapping (Archpoint Mapping). Archpoints are points for representing the essence of architectural design in terms of behavioral and structural aspects. By defining a set of archpoints, we can describe the inter-component structure and the message interaction among components. Archmapping is a mechanism for checking the bidirectional traceability between design and code. The traceability can be verified by checking whether archpoints in design are consistently mapped to program points in code. For this checking, we use an SMT (Satisfiability Modulo Theories) solver, a tool for deciding the satisfiability of logical formulas. The idea of archpoints, program points, and their selection originates in AOP.
Proxy Re-signature Supporting Conditional Delegation

In proxy re-signature (PRS), a signature computed by Alice's secret key can be transferred to be a new signature by a proxy equipped with the re-signature key, while the new signature can be verified by Bob's public key. However, until now all the PRS scheme have this feature: the proxy can transfer all the delegatee's signature to be the delegator's one, which sometimes in practical applications is undesirable. Thus in this paper, we propose the notion of proxy re-signature supporting conditional delegation (or conditional proxy re-signature). Here we emphasis that, although there exist the concept of conditional proxy re-encryption (CPRE), our idea is not directly adapting the technique of CPRE to the signature setting. In our CPRS scheme, the delegatee need not to change its own signature algorithm to support the conditional delegation, thus it is more friendly to the existing signature system.
Data Mining and Homeland Security: An Overview

This report discusses data mining and certain aspects of it. Data mining has become one of the key features of many homeland security initiatives, often used for detecting fraud, assessing risks, and product retailing. The report not only discusses the uses, but also the limitations, the increasing usage, and privacy issues associated with data mining.
Propagating Requirement Change into Software High Level Designs towards Resilient Software Evolution

Uncertain and incomplete requirements throughout the whole software life cycle contribute to volatility of the requirements. In a situation where the volatile requirement is changed to satisfy stakeholder needs, all the affected requirements and other impacted software artefacts (such as designs, codes, and tests) must be identified and changed accordingly. This paper introduces an approach to facilitate both engineers and users in propagating changes from requirements to the software high-level designs during software development and evolution. The two main pillars of this approach, namely product metamodel and process model are described in details. Firstly, the metamodel highlights on explicit conceptual model for volatile requirement and its characteristics. Next, the focus will be placed on the systematic process model specified using the SPEM that offers guidelines to perform the requirement change process. The applicability of the product metamodel and its elements are evaluated using the IFAMMS case study application.
Food Insecurity with Hunger Is Associated with Obesity among HIV-Infected and at Risk Women in Bronx, NY

Background Food insecurity, insufficient quality and quantity of nutritionally adequate food, affects millions of people in the United States (US) yearly, with over 18 million Americans reporting hunger. Food insecurity is associated with obesity in the general population. Due to the increasing prevalence of obesity and risk factors for cardiovascular disease among HIV-infected women, we sought to determine the relationship between food insecurity and obesity in this cohort of urban, HIV-infected and –uninfected but at risk women. Methods Using a cross-sectional design, we collected data on food insecurity, body mass index and demographic and clinical data from 231 HIV-infected and 119 HIV-negative women enrolled in Bronx site of the Women’s Interagency HIV Study (WIHS). We used multivariate logistic regression to identify factors associated with obesity. Results Food insecurity was highly prevalent, with almost one third of women (110/350, 31%) reporting food insecurity over the previous six months and over 13% of women reported food insecurity with hunger. Over half the women were obese with a Body Mass Index (BMI) of ≥30. In multivariate analyses, women who were food insecure with hunger had higher odds of obesity (Adjusted odds ratio [aOR] = 2.56, 95% Confidence Interval [CI] = 1.27, 5.20) after adjusting for HIV status, age, race, household status, income, drug and alcohol use. Conclusion Food insecurity with hunger was associated with obesity in this population of HIV-infected and –uninfected, urban women. Both food insecurity and obesity are independent markers for increased mortality; further research is needed to understand this relationship and their role in adverse health outcomes.
Automated Determination of the Veracity of Interview Statements from People of Interest to an Operational Security Force

In deception detection research validity issues have been raised when subjects are used in controlled laboratory experiments. Studying real-life deception detection is a complicated endeavor because researchers do not have the control in field studies that exist in laboratory experiments so determining ground truth is challenging. This study reports the findings of the combination of some successful previous attempts at automated deception detection in computer-mediated communication results of a study of real-world data from an operation security force. Message feature mining is used to evaluate the effectiveness of technology as an aid to deception detection in actual stressful situations with unpleasant long term consequences. The study analyzes 18 statements (9 truthful, 9 deceptive) from a military service’s investigative unit using message feature mining. The analysis resulted in a 72% rate of accuracy in correctly classifying the messages.
Periodization: a Hypothetical Training Model for Strength and Power.

C h a p te r Page I . INTRODUCTION . 1 S ta te m e n t o f th e P r o b le m . 2 Review o f L i t e r a t u r e • • • • • 2 M u scu la r S t r e n g t h . 3 M u scu la r E ndurance 4 A n aero b ic Pow er • • • • • . 3 Body C om position • • • • • • • • • • . 6 P e a k in g o f P e rfo rm an ce • • • • • • . • • • • 8 R e se a rc h H y p o th eses . 13 O p e ra t io n a l D e f in i t io n s . 16 A ssum ptions . 17 D e l im i ta t io n s . 18 S ig n i f ic a n c e o f S t u d y . 18 I I . METHODOLOGY. 20 S u b je c ts . • • • • • . • • • 20 D ata C o l le c t io n • • • . • • • • • 20 S t r e n g t h . 20 P o w e r • • . 2k Body c o m p o s itio n • • • • • • • 2k M u scu la r e n d u r a n c e . 2k Work o u tp u t . 26 V e r t i c a l jump d ecrem en t . 26 T e s t p e r i o d s . 27 T r a in in g P r o g r a m s . 27 F req u en cy • • • • • 27 E x e rc is e s . 27 P r o to c o ls • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • » . 29 D ata A n a ly s is . 29 E x p erim en t 1 . 29 E xperim en t 2 . 29 E x p erim en t 3 -7 . 29 E x p erim en t 8 . 29 T ra in in g lo a d s • « • ■ • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • 32 C r i t e r i o n f o r s i g n i f i c a n c e . 33