Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Aspergillus fumigatus conidia survive and germinate in acidic organelles of A549 epithelial cells

Aspergillus fumigatus is an environmental mould that can cause invasive disease in the immunocompromised host. Previous work has shown that conidia can be internalized by lung epithelial cells (A549) and murine macrophages (J774) in vitro. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to determine the fate of A. fumigatus conidia within the endosomal network of these cells. Co-localization of conidia expressing green fluorescent protein with proteins present in the early endosomal (CD71) and lysosomal (CD63, LAMP-1) membrane was assessed using confocal microscopy. In J774 cells, 75% of internalized conidia were found in phagosomes containing LAMP-1 120 minutes post-infection. In A549 cells, 55% and 58% of internalized conidia were found to co-localize with LAMP-1 and CD63 by 24 hours. Cathepsin D also co-localized with internalized conidia in A549 cells. Phagosomes containing conidia were shown to be acidified in both cell types. Less than 1% of the initial inoculum survived in J774 cells by 12 hours post-infection. After 24 hours, 3% of internalized conidia survived in A549 cells and 34% of these had germinated. By 36 hours, the germlings were able to escape the phagosome and form extracellular hyphae without lysis of the host cell.
Additional Antidepressant Pharmacotherapies According to a Neural Network

Major depression, a frequent psychiatric disease, is associated with neurotransmitter alterations in the midbrain, hypothalamus and hippocampus. Deficiency of postsynaptic excitatory neurotransmitters such as dopamine, noradrenaline and serotonin and a surplus of presynaptic inhibitory neurotransmitters such as GABA and glutamate (mainly a postsynaptic excitatory and partly a presynaptic inhibitory neurotransmitter), can be found in the involved brain regions. However, neuropeptide alterations (galanin, neuropeptide Y, substance P) also play an important role in its pathogenesis. A neural network is described, including the alterations of neuroactive substances at specific subreceptors. Currently, major depression is treated with monoamine reuptake inhibitors. An additional therapeutic option could be the administration of antagonists of presynaptic inhibitory neurotransmitters or the administration of agonists/antagonists of neuropeptides.
Studi Perbandingan Prediksi Penyakit Diabetes dengan menggunakan Logistic Regression dan Decision Trees

Diabetes Melitus adalah penyakit yang disebabkan oleh tingginya kadar gula dalam darah akibat gangguan sekresi insulin. Penelitian ini membandingkan dua metode dalam teknik Data Mining yaitu Logistik Regression dan Decission Tree untuk memprediksi tingkat resiko penderita diabetes. Data yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini ada 1450 data pasien yang diambildari RSD BALUNG JEMBER, dengan pengambilan data mulai 26 september 2014 sampai 30 april 2015. Pengukuran performansi dari kedua metode menggunakan nilai diskriminasi dengan kurva ROC ( Receiver Operating Characteristic ) atau c-index. Pada hasil percobaan menunjukkan bahwa kedua metode LR dan DT memiliki nilai performansi yang sama-sama bagus, dan dalam beberapa kasus Logistik Regression menunjukkan hasil yang lebih baik dari pada Decision Trees . Akan tetapi kelebihan Decision Trees dibandingkan Logistik Regression adalah representasi pemodelannya yang intuitif dan mudah dipahami.
A Concise History of Asperger Syndrome: The Short Reign of a Troublesome Diagnosis

First described in 1944 by Hans Asperger (1944), it was not before 1994 that Asperger Syndrome (AS) was included in the fourth edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, only to disappear in the Manual’s fifth edition in 2013. During its brief existence as a diagnostic entity, AS aroused immense interest and controversy. Similar to patients with autism, AS patients show deficits in social interaction, inappropriate communication skills, and interest restriction, but also display a rich variety of subtle clinical characteristics that for many distinguish AS from autism. However, difficulties operationalising diagnostic criteria and differentiating AS from autism ultimately led to its merging into the unifying category of Autistic Spectrum Disorders. Here we briefly review the short history of this fascinating condition.
Behavioral Characteristics of Bos indicus Cattle after a Superovulatory Treatment Compared to Cows Synchronized for Estrus

The intensity and duration of sexual behavior in Bos indicus was assessed through the continuous observation of sexual receptivity. Two groups of cows were formed: only synchronized (n = 50) and other group further superovulated (n = 20). An intravaginal implant that released progesterone over 9 d was used. After removing the implant, 25 mg of PGF2α was administered. In the superovulated group, the administration of 280 mg (Follicle stimulant hormone) FSH-P1 per cow with a decreasing dosage over 4 d was utilized. In both groups, behavioral observations began at the moment of implant removal. Sexual behavior was analyzed using a Kruskal-Wallis test to compare the mean of hours in estrus, effective mountings and number of mounts/hour during estrus. A nonparametric survival analysis was performed using the time in two ways: i) when an event happened it was placed in a 24 h time- frame and, ii) the time of observation in continuous form (96 h) assessing the difference between curves by the log rank test Chi-square. The only significant difference was the number of mounts/h during receptivity (p<0.05). In the superovulated group three periods of sexual activity during the day were identified, with these events being of greater frequency and duration than the synchronized group (p = 0.02); besides, the superovulated group began estrus before the synchronized group (p = 0.0035) when using the total period. In a simulation study, when the number of observations went from two (06:00-18:00) to three periods (06:00, 12:00 and 18:00) cows detected accurately (<6 h after the onset) increased more than 20%. The results show that superovulated cows presented greater intensity
A novel size reduction of a MMIC I/Q direct down converter in uniplanar technology at 20 GHz using CPW and ACPS stubs loading for an EHF satcom terminal phased array size

This paper proposes a novel compact uniplanar 20 GHz/baseband I/Q direct downconverter GaAs MMIC. It uses previously developed ACPS and CPW structures for capacitive and inductive loading techniques to drastically reduce its size. The proposed I/Q down converter uses direct analog extraction of the baseband in-phase and quadrature (I and Q) signals from the 20 GHz RF signal. Two pairs of antiparallel diodes achieve frequency translation by mixing the RF signal with the fundamental local oscillator (LO) pump while novel ACPS reduced size magic T, provide high local oscillator (LO)-to-RF isolation and good spurious suppression. The circuit was fabricated using OMMIC's ED02AH foundry process and contains two pairs of 0.18 µm PHEMT based diodes, each having two 15-µm cathode fingers. This 3.15 × 4.1 mm2 chip uses a previously developed, reduced size Wilkinson divider as an RF divider and a previously developed, reduced size 90° coupler. The I/Q down converter conversion gain was measured to be - 15.5dB ±1dB over the RF frequency range of 20.2 to 21.2 GHz with the IF fixed at 1 MHz. The amplitude imbalance between the I&Q channels was under 0.8dB and the quadrature phase error was less than 4°over the frequency range. The circuit also does not require any dc bias. Compared to the conventional microstrip I/Q direct down converter a 40% reduction in circuit area was achieved with better performance.
The Modification Effect of Influenza Vaccine on Prognostic Indicators for Cardiovascular Events after Acute Coronary Syndrome: Observations from an Influenza Vaccination Trial

Introduction. The prognosis of acute coronary syndrome (ACS) patients has been improved with several treatments such as antithrombotics, beta-blockers, and angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors (ACEI) as well as coronary revascularization. Influenza vaccination has been shown to reduce adverse outcomes in ACS, but no information exists regarding the interaction of other treatments. Methods. This study included 439 ACS patients from Phrommintikul et al. A single dose of inactivated influenza vaccine was given by intramuscular injection in the vaccination group. The cardiovascular outcomes were described as major cardiovascular events (MACEs) which included mortality, hospitalization due to ACS, and hospitalization due to heart failure (HF). The stratified and multivariable Cox's regression analysis was performed. Results. The stratified Cox's analysis by influenza vaccination for each cardiovascular outcome and discrimination of hazard ratios showed that beta-blockers had an interaction with influenza vaccination. Moreover, the multivariable hazard ratios disclosed that influenza vaccine is associated with a significant reduction of hospitalization due to HF in patients who received beta-blockers (HR = 0.05, 95% CI = 0.004–0.71, P = 0.027), after being adjusted for prognostic indicators (sex, dyslipidemia, serum creatinine, and left ventricular ejection fraction). Conclusions. The influenza vaccine was shown to significantly modify the effect of beta-blockers in ACS patients and to reduce the hospitalization due to HF. However, further study of a larger population and benefits to HF patients should be investigated.
Second malignant neoplasms in five-year survivors of childhood cancer: childhood cancer survivor study.

BACKGROUND Because survival rates among childhood cancer patients are increasing, assessing the risk of second and subsequent malignant neoplasms (SMNs) is ever more important. Using the Childhood Cancer Survivor Study cohort, we identified the risk of SMNS: METHODS A retrospective cohort of 13 581 children diagnosed with common cancers before age 21 years and surviving at least 5 years was constructed with the use of data from patients treated at 25 U.S. and Canadian institutions. SMNs were ascertained through self-administered questionnaires and verified by pathology reports. Information on therapeutic exposures was abstracted from medical records. The risk of SMN was evaluated by standardized incidence ratios (SIRs) and excess absolute risk. Poisson multiple regression models were used to assess the impact of host and therapy factors on the risk of developing SMNS: All statistical tests were two-sided. RESULTS In 298 individuals, 314 SMNs were identified (SIR = 6.38; 95% confidence interval [CI] = 5.69 to 7.13). The largest observed excess SMNs were bone and breast cancers (SIR = 19.14 [95% CI = 12.72 to 27.67] and SIR = 16.18 [95% CI = 12.35 to 20.83], respectively). A statistically significant excess of SMNs followed all childhood cancers. In multivariate regression models adjusted for therapeutic radiation exposure, SMNs of any type were independently associated with female sex (P<.001), childhood cancer at a younger age (P for trend <.001), childhood Hodgkin's disease or soft-tissue sarcoma (P<.001 and P =.01, respectively), and exposure to alkylating agents (P for trend =.02). Twenty years after the childhood cancer diagnosis, the cumulative estimated SMN incidence was 3.2%. However, only 1.88 excess malignancies occurred per 1000 years of patient follow-up. CONCLUSIONS Success in treating children with cancer should not be overshadowed by the incidence of SMNS: However, patients and health-care providers must be aware of risk factors for SMNs so that surveillance is focused and early prevention strategies are implemented.
The Scale-free Topology of Investment Relationship in China Stock Market

Using the complex network methods, we have constructed bipartite networks of investment relationship between CSl 300 constituent stocks and their top 10 investment fund shareholders with data released on December 31, 2010. Here we analyze a variety of structure properties of these networks, including the average distance, clustering coefficient, and overlapping community structure. Studying the structure of this graph is essential for understanding the structural properties of the investment relationship it represents. The scale-free and small world properties of the funds network and the stock network are found, which gives a way to explain the investment policy adopted by institutional investors. The community structure of the fund network shows that few fund investors have great influence and certain investment funds in the same community have convergence in investment philosophy.
Fast calculation of soft shadow textures using convolution

The calculation of detailed shadows remains one of the most difficult challenges in computer graphics, especially in the case of extended (linear or area) light sources. This paper introduces a new tool for the calculation of shadows cast by extended light sources. Exact shadows are computed in some constrained configurations by using a convolution technique, yielding a fast and accurate solution. Approximate shadows can be computed for general configurations by applying the convolution to a representative “ideal” configuration. We analyze the various sources of approximation in the process and derive a hierarchical, error driven algorithm for fast shadow calculation in arbitrary configurations using a hierarchy of object clusters. The convolution is performed on images rendered in an offscreen buffer and produces a shadow map used as a texture to modulate the unoccluded illumination. Light sources can have any 3D shape as well as arbitrary emission characteristics, while shadow maps can be applied to groups of objects at once. The method can be employed in a hierarchical radiosity system, or directly as a shadowing technique. We demonstrate results for various scenes, showing that soft shadows can be generated at interactive rates for dynamics environments.
A Link Between Attentional Function, Effective Eye Movements, and Driving Ability

The misallocation of driver visual attention has been suggested as a major contributing factor to vehicle accidents. One possible reason is that the relatively high cognitive demands of driving limit the ability to efficiently allocate gaze. We present an experiment that explores the relationship between attentional function and visual performance when driving. Drivers performed 2 variations of a multiple-object tracking task targeting aspects of cognition including sustained attention, dual-tasking, covert attention, and visuomotor skill. They also drove a number of courses in a driving simulator. Eye movements were recorded throughout. We found that individuals who performed better in the cognitive tasks exhibited more effective eye movement strategies when driving, such as scanning more of the road, and they also exhibited better driving performance. We discuss the potential link between an individual’s attentional function, effective eye movements, and driving ability. We also discuss the use of a visuomotor task in assessing driving behavior.
Climate Variability, Social and Environmental Factors, and Ross River Virus Transmission: Research Development and Future Research Needs

Background Arbovirus diseases have emerged as a global public health concern. However, the impact of climatic, social, and environmental variability on the transmission of arbovirus diseases remains to be determined. Objective Our goal for this study was to provide an overview of research development and future research directions about the interrelationship between climate variability, social and environmental factors, and the transmission of Ross River virus (RRV), the most common and widespread arbovirus disease in Australia. Methods We conducted a systematic literature search on climatic, social, and environmental factors and RRV disease. Potentially relevant studies were identified from a series of electronic searches. Results The body of evidence revealed that the transmission cycles of RRV disease appear to be sensitive to climate and tidal variability. Rainfall, temperature, and high tides were among major determinants of the transmission of RRV disease at the macro level. However, the nature and magnitude of the interrelationship between climate variability, mosquito density, and the transmission of RRV disease varied with geographic area and socioenvironmental condition. Projected anthropogenic global climatic change may result in an increase in RRV infections, and the key determinants of RRV transmission we have identified here may be useful in the development of an early warning system. Conclusions The analysis indicates that there is a complex relationship between climate variability, social and environmental factors, and RRV transmission. Different strategies may be needed for the control and prevention of RRV disease at different levels. These research findings could be used as an additional tool to support decision making in disease control/surveillance and risk management.
Weshallusestandardgraphtheorynotation.Weconsideronlyfinite,undirected graphs.Allgraphswillbeassumedtohaveneitherloopsnormultipleedges. Let G = (L,R;E)beabipartitegraphwithapartition L, Randanedgeset

A bipartite graph G = (L, R; E) where V (G) = L∪R, |L| = p, |R| = q is called a (p, q)-tree if |E(G)| = p + q − 1 and G has no cycles. A bipartite graph G = (L, R; E) is a subgraph of a bipartite graph H = (L′, R′; E′) if L ⊆ L′, R ⊆ R′ and E ⊆ E′. In this paper we present sufficient degree conditions for a bipartite graph to contain a (p, q)-tree.
Change of the concentration of monoamine neurotransmitters in serum in patients with post-stroke depression

ObjectiveTo explore the change of the concentration of monoamine neurotransmitters in serum in patients with post stroke depression(PSD). Methods85 patients with acute stroke were screened by Center for Epidemiological Survey,Depression Scale(CES D) and assessed by Hamilton Depression Scale(HAMD). A clinical diagnostic of depression was made based on Diagnostic and Statistical Mannal of Mental Disorders,edition 4(DSM Ⅳ). There were 34 patients who involved with depression(PSD group), the others(51 cases) not(no depression group). Other 20 normal persons were chosen as a control(control group). In all patients and control subjects, the concentrations of monoamine neurotransmitters in serum was measured.ResultsThe concentration of monoamine neurotransmitters in serum was significantly lower in patients with post stroke depression.ConclusionsPost stroke depression is related to decrease of concentrations of monoamine neurotransmitters in serum.
Inhibition as a Binary Switch for Excitatory Plasticity in Pyramidal Neurons

Synaptic plasticity is thought to induce memory traces in the brain that are the foundation of learning. To ensure the stability of these traces in the presence of further learning, however, a regulation of plasticity appears beneficial. Here, we take up the recent suggestion that dendritic inhibition can switch plasticity of excitatory synapses on and off by gating backpropagating action potentials (bAPs) and calcium spikes, i.e., by gating the coincidence signals required for Hebbian forms of plasticity. We analyze temporal and spatial constraints of such a gating and investigate whether it is possible to suppress bAPs without a simultaneous annihilation of the forward-directed information flow via excitatory postsynaptic potentials (EPSPs). In a computational analysis of conductance-based multi-compartmental models, we demonstrate that a robust control of bAPs and calcium spikes is possible in an all-or-none manner, enabling a binary switch of coincidence signals and plasticity. The position of inhibitory synapses on the dendritic tree determines the spatial extent of the effect and allows a pathway-specific regulation of plasticity. With appropriate timing, EPSPs can still trigger somatic action potentials, although backpropagating signals are abolished. An annihilation of bAPs requires precisely timed inhibition, while the timing constraints are less stringent for distal calcium spikes. We further show that a wide-spread motif of local circuits—feedforward inhibition—is well suited to provide the temporal precision needed for the control of bAPs. Altogether, our model provides experimentally testable predictions and demonstrates that the inhibitory switch of plasticity can be a robust and attractive mechanism, hence assigning an additional function to the inhibitory elements of neuronal microcircuits beyond modulation of excitability.
Comparative Analysis of Normalised Difference Spectral Indices Derived from MODIS for Detecting Surface Water in Flooded Rice Cropping Systems

Identifying managed flooding in paddy fields is commonly used in remote sensing to detect rice. Such flooding, followed by rapid vegetation growth, is a reliable indicator to discriminate rice. Spectral indices (SIs) are often used to perform this task. However, little work has been done on determining which spectral combination in the form of Normalised Difference Spectral Indices (NDSIs) is most appropriate for surface water detection or which thresholds are most robust to separate water from other surfaces in operational contexts. To address this, we conducted analyses on satellite and field spectral data from an agronomic experiment as well as on real farming situations with different soil and plant conditions. Firstly, we review and select NDSIs proposed in the literature, including a new combination of visible and shortwave infrared bands. Secondly, we analyse spectroradiometric field data and satellite data to evaluate mixed pixel effects. Thirdly, we analyse MODIS data and Landsat data at four sites in Europe and Asia to assess NDSI performance in real-world conditions. Finally, we test the performance of the NDSIs on MODIS temporal profiles in the four sites. We also compared the NDSIs against a combined index previously used for agronomic flood detection. Analyses suggest that NDSIs using MODIS bands 4 and 7, 1 and 7, 4 and 6 or 1 and 6 perform best. A common threshold for each NDSI across all sites was more appropriate than locally adaptive thresholds. In general, NDSIs that use band 7 have a negligible increase in Commission Error over those that use band 6 but are more sensitive to water presence in mixed land cover conditions typical of moderate spatial resolution analyses. The best performing NDSI is comparable to the combined index but with less variability in performance across sites, suggesting a more succinct and robust flood detection method.