Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Partial Inhibition of Estrogen-Induced Mammary Carcinogenesis in Rats by Tamoxifen: Balance between Oxidant Stress and Estrogen Responsiveness

Epidemiological and experimental evidences strongly support the role of estrogens in breast tumor development. Both estrogen receptor (ER)-dependent and ER-independent mechanisms are implicated in estrogen-induced breast carcinogenesis. Tamoxifen, a selective estrogen receptor modulator is widely used as chemoprotectant in human breast cancer. It binds to ERs and interferes with normal binding of estrogen to ERs. In the present study, we examined the effect of long-term tamoxifen treatment in the prevention of estrogen-induced breast cancer. Female ACI rats were treated with 17β-estradiol (E2), tamoxifen or with a combination of E2 and tamoxifen for eight months. Tissue levels of oxidative stress markers 8-iso-Prostane F2α (8-isoPGF2α), superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GPx), catalase, and oxidative DNA damage marker 8-hydroxydeoxyguanosine (8-OHdG) were quantified in the mammary tissues of all the treatment groups and compared with age-matched controls. Levels of tamoxifen metabolizing enzymes cytochrome P450s as well as estrogen responsive genes were also quantified. At necropsy, breast tumors were detected in 44% of rats co-treated with tamoxifen+E2. No tumors were detected in the sham or tamoxifen only treatment groups whereas in the E2 only treatment group, the tumor incidence was 82%. Co-treatment with tamoxifen decreased GPx and catalase levels; did not completely inhibit E2-mediated oxidative DNA damage and estrogen-responsive genes monoamine oxygenase B1 (MaoB1) and cell death inducing DFF45 like effector C (Cidec) but differentially affected the levels of tamoxifen metabolizing enzymes. In summary, our studies suggest that although tamoxifen treatment inhibits estrogen-induced breast tumor development and increases the latency of tumor development, it does not completely abrogate breast tumor development in a rat model of estrogen-induced breast cancer. The inability of tamoxifen to completely inhibit E2-induced breast carcinogenesis may be because of increased estrogen-mediated oxidant burden.
Universals of language : report of a Conference held at Dobbs Ferry, New York, April 13-15, 1961

In 1961, the first International Conference on Universals in Language convened to consider the possibility of creating "something of the order of cross-cultural files for a large sample of languages. "In the preliminary memorandum of this historic meeting, it was proposed that "midst infinite diversity, all languages are, as it were, cut from the same pattern. " Eight of the papers presented in this volume investigate, discuss, and analyze specific proposals regarding language universals; three final papers offer summaries from the viewpoints of linguistics, cultural anthropology, and psychology; an appendix provides 45 actual language universals based on a study of 30 languages including Japanese, Hebrew, Basque, Swahili, and Maya.This book is an all-important result of a conference at which, as psychologist Charles Osgood stated, "we have been witness to a bloodless revolution. Quietly and without polemics we have seen linguistics taking a giant step from being merely a method for describing language to being a fullfledged science of language. " Roman Jakobson, noted linquist, wrote: "it may well turn out that what is universal in language functions much more powerfully, and in a more fundamental way, to shape men's thoughts than what is different. "
Mindful deviation in creating a governance path towards sustainability in resort destinations

Drawing on recent work in evolutionary economic geography, we focus on path creation as the framework for understanding how, in a resort destination context, the shift from growth models to ones based on principles of sustainability are evolving. Path creation emphasizes the power of human agency by recognizing the influence of entrepreneurs in shaping their environments. In the case study of the mountain resort of Whistler, British Columbia, we focus on one key aspect of the discourse surrounding the transition in governance from growth towards sustainability – that of affordable housing. The data are drawn from key informant interviews, participant observation and community document sources. The findings demonstrate how, through ‘mindful deviation’ from a growth model approach, Whistler entrepreneurs were able to utilize the collective agency of the community, generated in support of a new governance model based on principles of sustainability, to address the pressing need for affordable employee housing. This resulted from the opportunity to host the 2010 Winter Olympic and Paralympic Games. Through the efforts of both individual and collective human agency Whistler entrepreneurs were able to persuade the local Olympic organizing committee to conform to the resort's sustainability mandate in the development of athletes’ accommodation that would later serve as permanent resident-restricted housing. Overall, the study demonstrates the utility of employing a path creation lens as an analytical tool for understanding evolutionary change.
Mechanically Flexible Organic Semiconductor Laser Array

We report the fabrication and characterization of a mechanically flexible 4 × 4 array of organic semiconductor lasers using blue-emitting tris(trifluorene)truxene oligomers as the gain medium. The device was fabricated entirely by soft lithography from the reproduction of a 1-D silica master grating. The grating array pattern was created directly on the master by a polymeric mask. Each element, or pixel, of the resulting laser array is made of a polymer mesa with embedded surface grating, and all the array elements are on the same mechanically flexible platform. Laser oscillation thresholds of individual photopumped laser pixels are as low as 75 nJ (70 μJ/cm2 or 14 kW/cm2). The emission wavelength uniformity of the array is within ±3 nm with individual laser pixels emitting from 432 to 438 nm. On mechanical flexing of the array, a 10-nm tuning of the emission wavelength is achieved and is attributed to a change in the grating periodicity.
Parameter Estimation in Stochastic Differential Mixed-Effects Models

Stochastic differential equation (SDE) models have shown useful to describe continuous time processes, e.g. a physiological process evolving in an individual. Biomedical experiments often imply repeated measurements on a series of individuals or experimental units and individual differences can be represented by incorporating random effects into the model. When both system noise and individual differences are considered, stochastic differential mixed effects models ensue. In most cases the likelihood function is not available, and thus maximum likelihood estimation is not possible. Here we propose to approximate the unknown likelihood function by first approximating the conditional transition density of the diffusion process given the random effects by a Hermite expansion, as suggested by Aït-Sahalia (2001, 2002), and then numerically integrate the obtained conditional likelihood with respect to the random effects. The approximated maximum likelihood estimators are evaluated on simulations from the Ornstein-Uhlenbeck process and Geometric Brownian motion.
Many-objective directed evolutionary line search

Algorithms capable of performing efficient and controllable many objective optimisation are becoming more necessary as the complexity of optimisation problems to be solved increases. This paper describes a new algorithm that combines elements of traditional gradient based optimisation methods along with a powerful many-objective capable search process. The algorithm exploits the directed line search (such as Golden Section Search) procedures found in many single-objective gradient based algorithms in order to both explore and exploit features in the optimisation landscape. The target vector and aggregation methods used in the MSOPS algorithm have been employed to provide effective and controllable many-objective optimisation, especially suited to close interaction with a designer where it is often desired to target specific regions of the Pareto front. The Many Objective Directed Evolutionary Line Search (MODELS) algorithm is demonstrated on a constrained function with a concave Pareto front in up to 20 dimensions and is shown to outperform existing optimisers, some of which are known to perform well for many-objective problems.
An improved method for copy-move forgery detection in digital forensic

Identification of forged images paid sufficiently great notice among the application of image analysis in digital forensic science. Image forgery detection is piled up by the necessity of authenticity and to preserve integrity of the images. And in majority of the cases copy-move image forgery technique is used to alter the digital image, in which a portion of the image is copied and pasted somewhere else in the same image with the purpose to cover an important image characteristic. Here, copy-move image forgery detection scheme is implemented to detect tampered digital images using adaptive overlapped segmentation and feature point matching. It integrates both block-based and keypoint-based forgery detection methods. Adaptive overlapped segmentation algorithm segments the image into different superpixels. Then, the feature points are extracted from each part using SURF algorithm, and these features are matched with one another, if the match exceeded the preset threshold it will indicate the suspected forgery regions and then merged regions are generated. Finally, detected forgery regions are displayed by applying the morphological operation to the merged regions.
Comparative ontogenic profile of cholinergic markers, including nicotinic and muscarinic receptors, in the rat brain

The ontogenic profiles of several cholinergic markers were assessed in the rat brain by using quantitative in vitro receptor autoradiography. Brain sections from animals at different stages of development were processed with [3H]AH5183 (vesamicol; vesicular acetylcholine transport sites), [3H]N‐methylcarbamylcholine (α4β2 nicotinic receptor sites), [3H]hemicholinium‐3 (high‐affinity choline uptake sites), [3H]3‐quinuclidinyl benzilate (total population of muscarinic receptor sites), [3H]4‐DAMP (muscarinic M1/M3 receptor sites), [3H]pirenzepine (muscarinic M1 receptor sites), and [3H]AF‐DX 116 and [3H]AF‐DX 384 (muscarinic M2 receptor sites) as radiolabeled probes.
Personas, people and participation: challenges from the trenches of local government

In the early days of digital technology development, design was done 'for', 'with' or 'by' the users based on the assumption that users were real people. Today 'users' have become a component in mass-market production and are seen as 'customers', rather than people. Still designers need to address use, and personas have been introduced for this purpose. The paper uses research on user participation and research-based personas from the eGov+ project to discuss whether personas help designers engage with users. In this project, design was carried out in the domain of municipal services through involvement of clerks, management and citizens from three different municipalities. Through four cases we discuss if applying personas in participatory design settings is productive to designers' understanding of users' use situations. Does deployment of personas bring designers closer to the actual use situation? In which ways do personas help design for, with or by the users? Do personas support participatory design?
New Shadow Modeling Approach Of Wayang Kulit

Javanese puppet that is also called wayang is one of traditional culture from Java beside traditional music and traditional dance. There are 8 types of wayang in Indonesia such as wayang beber, wayang purwa, wayang madya, etc. In this case, we focus on wayang purwa especially for wayang kulit. There are 223 pieces of wayang kulit for one set. The art of wayang kulit is not only from the real form, but also from the shadow of the puppet. It can be more artistic depending on the motive of small holes on the wayang kulit form. This paper presented a new shadow modeling approach from the real puppet form. We called Color Selective method, which uses image processing especially in color processing concept to get the shadow of the wayang kulit. The method will separate the wayang kulit image and it’s background which it takes 10% of image height and width from four corners of the image. This paper gives a result that color selective method as a new shadow modeling can be applied to get approach of wayang kulit’s shadow model, where wayang kulit image is as the input. As the result, color selective method about 90% same as the input image.
Integrated Phoneme Subspace Method for Speech Feature Extraction

Speech feature extraction has been a key focus in robust speech recognition research. In this work, we discuss data-driven linear feature transformations applied to feature vectors in the logarithmic mel-frequency filter bank domain. Transformations are based on principal component analysis (PCA), independent component analysis (ICA), and linear discriminant analysis (LDA). Furthermore, this paper introduces a new feature extraction technique that collects the correlation information among phoneme subspaces and reconstructs feature space for representing phonemic information efficiently. The proposed speech feature vector is generated by projecting an observed vector onto an integrated phoneme subspace (IPS) based on PCA or ICA. The performance of the new feature was evaluated for isolated word speech recognition. The proposed method provided higher recognition accuracy than conventional methods in clean and reverberant environments.
Political Mobilization of North African Migrants in 1970s France: The Case of the Mouvement des Travailleurs Arabes (MTA)

Abstract This article explores some key aspects of the actions and discourses of the Arab Workers Movement (le Mouvement des Travailleurs Arabes, MTA), a revolutionary political organization established by North African immigrants in 1970s France. The paper looks at some of the ways in which the MTA's discourses on the workplace, in the foyers and on illegal immigrants' rights were constructed. Second, it examines the cross-ethnic links of solidarity that this movement established with other immigrants' groups and organizations in France. Finally, the paper looks at the often antagonistic, but sometimes close relationship between the movement and the French trade unions.
Metabolic Activity Value in the Posterior Cingulate Cortex Using F-18 Fluorodeoxyglucose Positron Emission Tomography Brain to Predict the Severity of Alzheimer's

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a type of dementia which is known as one of a major problem in elderly. Clinicians commonly use mini-mental state examination (MMSE) score to determine the severity of cognitive decline, but MMSE has some limitations such as more subjective, influenced by age, educational degree, and local culture. F-18 fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography (F-18 FDG PET) can be used to assess the process of glucose metabolism in posterior cingulate cortex (PCC) area which endures a central role in supporting cognitive function directly. The purpose of this study is to observe a correlation between metabolic activity value of PCC and MMSE score in predicting the severity of AD. A cross-sectional study was done to 30 subjects suspect AD disease with aged 60 years and older. Characteristic data including gender, age, and education, MMSE scoring by psychiatrist, and imaging of F-18 FDG PET were established. The results of correlation test between the value of FDG metabolic activity and MMSE score shows that the value of metabolic activity in the PCC area tends to increase along with the increase of MMSE score (rs = 0.411, P = 0.024). While from the results of multiple regression test with predictor variable consisting of F-18 FDG metabolic activity in the PCC, gender, age, education level, and the interaction between the metabolic activity of F-18 FDG at PCC and gender, a regression model was obtained. There is a significant correlation observed between the captured of F-18 FDG radioactivity with MMSE score in PCC area which can be used as a tool to predict the severity of AD.
Interacting mechanisms during the formation of filial preferences: The development of a predisposition does not prevent learning.

It has previously been demonstrated that under certain circumstances, 2-day-old dark-reared chicks prefer a stimulus that resembles a conspecific to less naturalistic objects. In our first three experiments, we assessed whether exposure to the latter type of object, after the predisposition had developed, affected chicks' preferences. The results of Experiment 4 show that, under rearing conditions in which the predisposition does not develop, exposure to an artificial stimulus leads to a strong preference being established for that stimulus
Patency of Branches after Coverage with Multiple Telescoping Flow-Diverter Devices: An In Vivo Study in Rabbits

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: The safety of placing multiple overlapped endoluminal flow diverters remains unclear because small eloquent branch arteries theoretically could become occluded by these devices. We placed single and multiple flow diverters over small branch arteries in rabbit aortas to determine the incidence of branch artery occlusion. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Flow diverters (PED) were placed into 22 female New Zealand white rabbits abdominal aortas to cover ≥1 lumbar artery. Animals were divided into 3 groups (single PED, n = 9; double PED with 2 telescoped/overlapped devices, n = 7; and triple PED, with 3 telescoped/overlapped devices, n = 6) and were followed for 6 or 12 months. DSA was performed at follow-up. Subsequently, the tissue was processed, sectioned, and stained with H&E for histologic evaluation, histomorphometry, and analysis. RESULTS: All the lumbar arteries covered by devices were clearly patent on angiography. Partial neointima covered the ostia of the branch vessels, but demonstrable patent lumens at the ostia in all cases were present. Neointima hyperplasia was minimal in the single-PED-group animals. The measured neointima was thicker for the double- and triple-PED groups compared with the single-PED group (P < .05). However, in all groups, the mean thickness of the neointima was ≤0.2 mm, and the percentage stenosis of the parent artery was <15% and 18% for 6 and 12 months, respectively. There was no significant inflammatory response in any group. CONCLUSIONS: Small branch arteries remain patent even when covered by multiple overlapped PED flow-diverter devices.
ARIA can be released from extracellular matrix through cleavage of a heparin-binding domain

ARIA, or acetylcholine receptor-inducing activity, is a polypeptide that stimulates the synthesis of acetylcholine receptors in skeletal muscle. Here we demonstrate that the ability of ARIA to induce phosphorylation of its receptor in muscle is blocked by highly charged glycosaminoglycans. ARIA constructs lacking the NH2-terminal portion, containing an immunoglobulin-like domain, are fully active and are not inhibited by glycosaminoglycans. Limited proteolysis of ARIA with subtilisin blocks the glycosaminoglycan interaction by degrading this NH2-terminal portion, but preserves the active, EGF-like domain. We also show that ARIA can be released from freshly dissociated cells from embryonic chick spinal cord and cerebellum by either heparin, high salt or limited proteolysis with subtilisin, suggesting that ARIA is bound to the extracellular matrix through charged interactions. We present a model of how ARIA may be stored in extracellular matrix at developing synapses and how its release may be mediated by local proteolysis.
Study on spatial organization of online shopping

Online shopping is a new research object of human geography, and has important research value to geography. This paper attempts to systematically reveal online shopping mechanism of spatial organization from angles of geocyberspace and space of flows; meanwhile, take TaoBao as examples, to detailedly analyze their operation mode and the affecting factors of spatial organization. Research shows: Online shopping is the result of interaction between geographical space and cyberspace, which is through a link between the two sides of supply and demand across time and space by cyberspace and a reorganization of the traditional shopping process, to use a wide range of information flow and logistic flow to replace the original people flow and capital flow, and thus to extend the spatial extent of the supply and demand from the daily behavior to the country and the globe, and this logistic flow is a modern logistics flow under the guidance of information flow.
The value of magnetoencephalography for seizure-onset zone localization in magnetic resonance imaging-negative partial epilepsy

Surgical treatment of epilepsy is a challenge for patients with non-contributive brain magnetic resonance imaging. However, surgery is feasible if the seizure-onset zone is precisely delineated through intracranial electroencephalography recording. We recently described a method, volumetric imaging of epileptic spikes, to delineate the spiking volume of patients with focal epilepsy using magnetoencephalography. We postulated that the extent of the spiking volume delineated with volumetric imaging of epileptic spikes could predict the localizability of the seizure-onset zone by intracranial electroencephalography investigation and outcome of surgical treatment. Twenty-one patients with non-contributive magnetic resonance imaging findings were included. All patients underwent intracerebral electroencephalography investigation through stereotactically implanted depth electrodes (stereo-electroencephalography) and magnetoencephalography with delineation of the spiking volume using volumetric imaging of epileptic spikes. We evaluated the spatial congruence between the spiking volume determined by magnetoencephalography and the localization of the seizure-onset zone determined by stereo-electroencephalography. We also evaluated the outcome of stereo-electroencephalography and surgical treatment according to the extent of the spiking volume (focal, lateralized but non-focal or non-lateralized). For all patients, we found a spatial overlap between the seizure-onset zone and the spiking volume. For patients with a focal spiking volume, the seizure-onset zone defined by stereo-electroencephalography was clearly localized in all cases and most patients (6/7, 86%) had a good surgical outcome. Conversely, stereo-electroencephalography failed to delineate a seizure-onset zone in 57% of patients with a lateralized spiking volume, and in the two patients with bilateral spiking volume. Four of the 12 patients with non-focal spiking volumes were operated upon, none became seizure-free. As a whole, patients having focal magnetoencephalography results with volumetric imaging of epileptic spikes are good surgical candidates and the implantation strategy should incorporate volumetric imaging of epileptic spikes results. On the contrary, patients with non-focal magnetoencephalography results are less likely to have a localized seizure-onset zone and stereo electroencephalography is not advised unless clear localizing information is provided by other presurgical investigation methods.