Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Impact of weather on marathon-running performance.

UNLABELLED Marathon running performance slows in warm weather conditions, but the quantitative impact of weather has not been established. PURPOSE To quantify the impact of weather on marathon performance for different populations of runners. METHODS Marathon results and weather data were obtained for the Boston, New York, Twin Cities, Grandma's, Richmond, Hartford, and Vancouver Marathons for 36, 29, 24, 23, 6, 12, and 10 yr, respectively. The race results were broken into quartiles based on the wet-bulb globe temperature (Q1 5.1-10 degrees C, Q2 10.1-15 degrees C, Q3 15.1-20 degrees C, and Q4 20.1-25 degrees C). Analysis of the top three male and female finishers as well as the 25th-, 50th-, 100th-, and 300th-place finishers were compared with the course record and then contrasted with weather. RESULTS Marathon performances of top males were slower than the course record by 1.7 +/- 1.5, 2.5 +/- 2.1, 3.3 +/- 2.0, and 4.5 +/- 2.3% (mean +/- SD) for Q1-Q4, respectively. Differences between Q4 and Q1, Q2, and between Q3, and Q1 were statistically different (P < 0.05). The top women followed a similar trend (Q1 3.2 +/- 4.9, Q2 3.2 +/- 2.9, Q3 3.8 +/- 3.2, and Q4 5.4 +/- 4.1% (mean +/- SD)), but the differences among quartiles were not statistically significant. The 25th-, 50th-, 100th-, and 300th-place finishers slowed more than faster runners as WBGT increased. For all runners, equivalence testing around a 1% indifference threshold suggests potentially important changes among quartiles independently of statistical significance. CONCLUSION There is a progressive slowing of marathon performance as the WBGT increases from 5 to 25 degrees C. This seems true for men and women of wide ranging abilities, but performance is more negatively affected for slower populations of runners.
WHAT DRIVES SAVING ACROSS THE WORLD ?

Saving rates display considerable variation across countries and over time. This paper investigates the factors behind these broad saving disparities using a large cross-country time-series data set constructed for the World Bank Saving project. The paper assesses empirically the policy and non-policy determinants of saving. It follows the empirical literature on saving by using an encompassing empirical approach including a number of potentially-relevant saving determinants. However, the paper extends the literature in several dimensions. It uses the largest data set on aggregate saving measures assembled to date. It explores both national and private saving determinants. It uses panel instrumental variable techniques that allow correcting for endogeneity and heterogeneity through “internal” instruments. Finally, it performs a variety of robustness checks to changes in estimation procedures, data samples and model specification. Loayza and Servén: DECRG, The World Bank; Schmidt-Hebbel: Central Bank of Chile. We thank Orazio Attanasio, Angus Deaton, Roberto Rigobón, Fabio Schiantarelli and Jaume Ventura for helpful discussions, and seminar participants at MIT and the Econometric Society meetings in Lima and Berlin for comments on previous drafts. However, they are not responsible for any errors. We are also grateful to Humberto López and George Monokroussos for excellent assistance. The views expressed in this paper are ours only and do not necessarily represent those of the Central Bank of Chile, The World Bank, its Executive Directors, or the countries they represent.
Real-time Weakly supervised Anomaly Detection with Attention Mechanism

The use of surveillance cameras for ensuring the safety of people in public gatherings, e.g., roads, intersections, banks, shopping malls, etc., is being used increasingly in recent years. To detect violence and other abnormal behaviors from these surveillance videos, the monitoring, and detection need to be intelligent and precise. Manual monitoring of these videos is tiring and prone to errors. So automatic detection of video anomaly is a very important research topic nowadays. Although many methods have been proposed, research is still ongoing for a reliable method for violence detection. Most of the earlier state-of-the-art works suggest that supervised detection is better in anomaly detection than unsupervised one. However, given the difficulty of manually annotation and training large datasets for supervised learning, weakly supervised methods provide an excellent alternate solution. Generally, in weakly supervised learning, anomaly detection is constructed as a Multiple Instance Learning (MIL) problem. The base of that technique is to build the training model from labeled bags (comprising multiple instances) rather than labeled individual instances (in the computer vision branch: videos or frames). A bag is annotated as negative if all the instances are negative, while it is marked positive if at least one instance is positive. But the problem is that the recognition of positive instances is largely biased by the dominance of negative ones. As in the real world, abnormal events are very subtle, and the difference between normal and abnormal instances is minimal. Addressing this issue, this paper proposes a weakly supervised learning algorithm with an attention mechanism for anomalous events detection. Also, a novel ranking loss function is proposed to lessen the number of false negatives in the anomaly detection task and to extend the distance between classification scores of anomalous and normal videos in the learned model. Experimental results of this proposal within UCF-Crime and Shanghai-Tech datasets show that the proposed method outperforms state-of-the-art ones. Moreover, using an attention mechanism enhances feature extraction in the generated model inference. Finally, it is demonstrated that the proposal can be run in real-time, a contribution that can greatly impact real applications in the context of interest.
Paper prototyping - what is it good for?: a comparison of paper- and computer-based low-fidelity prototyping

This study investigated the differences between computer-based and paper-based low-fidelity prototypes. It researched whether subjects confronted with these two kinds of prototypes differ in their willingness to criticize a system and to give suggestions for its improvement. The chosen approach was an empirical study including test sessions using both kinds of prototypes. Quantitative and qualitative methods were applied to measure and to explain possible differences.
tagO is involved in the synthesis of all anionic cell-wall polymers in Bacillus subtilis 168.

Sequence homologies suggest that the Bacillus subtilis 168 tagO gene encodes UDP-N-acetylglucosamine:undecaprenyl-P N-acetylglucosaminyl 1-P transferase, the enzyme responsible for catalysing the first step in the synthesis of the teichoic acid linkage unit, i.e. the formation of undecaprenyl-PP-N-acetylglucosamine. Inhibition of tagO expression mediated by an IPTG-inducible P(spac) promoter led to the development of a coccoid cell morphology, a feature characteristic of mutants blocked in teichoic acid synthesis. Indeed, analyses of the cell-wall phosphate content, as well as the incorporation of radioactively labelled precursors, revealed that the synthesis of poly(glycerol phosphate) and poly(glucosyl N-acetylgalactosamine 1-phosphate), the two strain 168 teichoic acids known to share the same linkage unit, was affected. Surprisingly, under phosphate limitation, deficiency of TagO precludes the synthesis of teichuronic acid, which is normally induced under these conditions. The regulatory region of tagO, containing two partly overlapping sigma(A)-controlled promoters, is similar to that of sigA, the gene encoding the major sigma factor responsible for growth. Here, the authors discuss the possibility that TagO may represent a pivotal element in the multi-enzyme complexes responsible for the synthesis of anionic cell-wall polymers, and that it may play one of the key roles in balanced cell growth.
Frail Frailty Scale and Fried Frailty Phenotype and Tilburg Frailty Scale in Frailty Screening of PKRP Patients

: To compare the application ability of three screening scales in preoperative frailty risk screening in patients with PKRP, and to provide reference for medical staff in the operating room, a total of 134 inpatients with benign prostatic hyperplasia and PKRP hospitalized in the urology department of a tertiary hospital in Panzhihua from June 2022 to June 2023 were selected by convenience sampling, and three screening scales and ADL scales were used for screening, and kappa consistency analysis, ROC subject working curve analysis and Bayes discriminant analysis were performed. The screening results of the three scales were 41.8%, 48.5% and 73.9%, respectively. The kappa consistency analysis results were 0.595, 0.405 and 0.441 (P<0.001), respectively; the AUC of ROC curve analysis showed that the AUC was 0.819, 0.861 and 0.901 (P<0.001), respectively, and the Bayes discriminant analysis showed that the cross-validation accuracy rate of Tilburg scale for the risk prediction of daily life ability of experimental subjects reached 80.6%. The Tilburg Frailty Assessment Scale has a stronger ability to apply to preoperative frailty risk screening in PKRP patients, and the Tilburg Frailty Assessment Scale should be preferred.
The Use of Human Papillomavirus Seroepidemiology to Inform Vaccine Policy

In this issue, Dunne et al. (1) report on the seroprevalence of four types of human papillomavirus (HPV) in a study of 499 men from Tucson, Arizona and Tampa, Florida. They observed increasing seropositivity with age for HPV6/11, the major causes of genital warts and respiratory papillomatosis, and for HPV16 and HPV 18, the major causes of anogenital cancers and some oropharyngeal cancers. Men who smoked were more likely to be seropositive to at least one of the types, as were those who had a current sexual partner in the past 3 months. Interestingly, in contrast to findings from studies in women, the association of seropositivity with lifetime sexual partners was weak. Overall, seroprevalence to HPV 16 was 12.1%, to HPV 6/11 combined was 9.7%, and to HPV 18 was 5.4%; only 1% of men were positive on all three type-specific assays. HPV6, 11, 16, and 18 are the four types prevented by the currently licensed HPV prophylactic vaccine (Merck’s Gardasil). The results suggest that benefit from quadrivalent vaccination would decrease with age due to increasing previous exposure resulting in immunity to re-infection. Viewed uncritically, the data also would suggest that considerable benefit in men might remain well into adulthood because seroprevalence did not increase substantially until the 35+ year old age group. Any tool to guide the planning of vaccine programs is welcome, and this study represented a fruitful collaboration of excellent epidemiology and serology. As the authors state, vaccine recommendations in men are both topical and important. Policies must weigh the high cost of male vaccination programs that would cost billions of dollars against possible benefits that include prevention of genital warts and a fraction of anogenital and oral cancers in men and their sexual partners. Adding male vaccination to female vaccination programs would also help prevent, to a still unknown amount, the great burden of cervical cancer/precancer in women. It is important for readers to put the paper by Dunne et al. in context, with realization of the complexity of HPV serology compared with other viral infections in which viremia leads reliably to antibody titers that predict subsequent immunity. The proper and exact use of cross-sectional HPV serosurveys in formulation of vaccination policy is made difficult by 1) diverse assays that are not yet fully developed or comparable and 2) our incomplete understanding of what different serology assays are measuring with regard to HPV exposure and immunity, especially in men.
Investigation of the bond properties between hybrid fiberreinforced concrete and BFRP bars after exposure to high temperature

This research investigated the bond properties at high temperatures and with hybrid fiber addition between basalt fiber reinforced polymer (BFRP) bars and hybrid fiber-reinforced concrete (HFRC). The tensile strength and appearance morphology of BFRP bars were analyzed. Used scanning electron microscopy (SEM) to examine the microscopic morphology and used the bond-slip constitutive model to fit the bond-slip curves. When BFRP bars after exposed to 300 °C, their tensile strength dropped by 42%. With the increasing temperature, the bond strength and stiffness of normal concrete (NC) specimens decreased by 27.3 % and 67.5 %, respectively, while HFRC specimens decreased by 20.8 % and 55 %, respectively. Hybrid fibers increased the bond strength and stiffness of HFRC specimens by 27.1 % and 49.1 %, respectively. The best fitting models were the Malvar model and the Continuous Curve model.
Improved Sensitivity of MEMS-based Piezoresistive Pressure Sensor using Silicon Nitride Diaphragm

In this paper, Piezoresistive Pressure Sensor (PPS) with four Polysilicon piezoresistors on Si3N4 diaphragm with improved sensitivity is successfully designed by using MEMS technology. Sensing is accomplished via deposited polysilicon resistors like metal resistors. The analytical model of PPS is optimized for location and geometry of the piezoresistors and the sensors based on different aspect ratios (both square and rectangular) have been investigated. The performance parameters like maximum deflection, maximum induced stress on the diaphragm have been compared using ANSYS and MATLAB simulation programming based on mathematical model. By interpreting the proper selection of the geometry of a thin Si3N4 diaphragm, the maximum deflection, maximum induced stress and highest sensitivity for this sensor are obtained for the diaphragm when aspect ratio is minimum. It has been found that sensitivity of the sensor is achieved when the piezoresistors are symmetrically placed at 65 m from the edges of the diaphragm. The analysis describes that the sensor based on square diaphragm is more sensitive than the rectangular one. It is influenced more powerfully by diaphragm thickness. The applied pressure range is considered from 0.5 kPa to 40 kPa. From the simulation results, the shape and the sensor design can be optimized for a highly sensitive PPS.
Early diagnosis of Alzheimer’s disease from MRI images with deep learning model

Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is a chronic, irreversible brain illness for which there is now no known effective treatment. AD is a condition that significantly impairs the ability to carry out daily activities, ranging from mild to severe. Early diagnosis plays a critical role in patient care and clinical trials. Convolutional neural networks (CNN) are used to create a framework for identifying specific disease features from magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scans. However, the image dataset obtained from Kaggle faces a significant issue of class imbalance, which requires equal distribution of samples from each class to address. In this article, to address this imbalance, the Synthetic Minority Oversampling Technique (SMOTE) is utilized. A Inceptionv3 was utilized in conjunction with the DEMNET dementia network to extract essential features from AD images. The model achieved an accuracy of 98.67%.
Evidence for functional intrarenal heterogeneity obtained by the micropuncture technique.

In this paper, I wishi to coinsidler evidence obtainedI by mi-icropuncture, particuilarly of the j uxtam-ie(ILIllary, nephiron, suipportinig thie conicept of intrarenal fUnctional nephiron hieter-ogenieity. Lassiter, AMylle, and Gottschialk( 1) observed thiat, in young rats, the tip of the papilla protruides SuIfficiently beyond the kidnley to l)ermit direct access to the p)apillary tulbule segments by simple excision of the uireter. In 1968, Horster anid Thutrau, using the yoting rat preparation, demonstrated a strikinig (lifferenice between the filtration rate of the juxtamedullary nephiron and that of the superifical nephron(2). Anatomists, beginning withi William Bowmnan(3), hiad observe(l that th-e glomi-erulus is larger and thle prooimal tubuile and 1001) of Henle longer(4) in the juxtameduillary nephiron than in the suiperficial niephiron in the kidneys of many mammalia. Table 1 suimm-arizes some micropuinctuire data obtained ini ouir laboratory over the past 3 years on youing rats weighinig 50-85 g(5-7) (and uinpublishied (lata). ' WVe hiave stud(iedI twvo kind(s of r-ats: normal Spraguie-Dawley rats and the Brattleb)oro strain of Long-Evans hioodled rats withi hereditary hlypothialamic diabetes inisipiduis, discovered lby Valtin and( Schroeder(8). The normal rats were infused withi isotonic salinie (Groupl I) or Tyrode's soluition (Grouips II an-d III) at a rate of 0.03 ml/mini; the Brattleboro rats were first infused withi half isotonic Tyrode's soluttion at a rate of 0.09 ml/mini (water diuresis) andic then administered isotonic
Towards Textual Reporting in Learning Analytics Dashboards

In this paper we present the Soft Learn Activity Reporter (SLAR) service which automatically generates textual short-term reports about learners' behavior in virtual learning environments. Through this approach, we show how textual reporting is a coherent way of providing information that can complement (and even enhance) visual statistics and help teachers to understand in a comprehensible manner the behavior of their students during the course. This solution extracts relevant information from the students' activity and encodes it into intermediate descriptions using linguistic variables and temporal references, which are subsequently translated into texts in natural language. The examples of application on real data from an undergraduate course supported by the Soft Learn platform show that automatic textual reporting is a valuable complementary tool for explaining teachers and learners the information comprised in a Learning Analytics Dashboard.
The overview of knowledge management for the benefits of service-based value in the university libraries:

There is an exclusive chance for university libraries to contribute to the future reimagining of library services. In this regard, the job of KM might be extremely successful. As a result, university libraries may provide excellent user services by utilizing KM. This research is to explore the existing models of Knowledge Management (KM) and how the existing models of KM are implemented at university libraries, to recognize how KM is being implemented at university libraries as reported in earlier research, and the benefits of KM practices for creating service value for libraries. This research was performed following the “Preferred reporting items for systematic reviews and meta-analyses (PRISMA)” guidelines. The study found that a skilled workforce and expertise are required for effective KM implementation in university libraries. Outdated skills may serve as a starting point for KM in university libraries, but they are insufficient for providing service-based value. There is a need for Library and Information Science (LIS) professionals to develop additional competencies for KM practice in university libraries. Based on the findings and discussion, it can be concluded that all the authors have recognized the importance of KM in libraries. This finding would aid the university libraries and offer current KM knowledge to other libraries. Therefore, this research would be an excellent addition to the application of KM in university libraries.
PWM Controllable Inductance using a Class E rectifier for real-time resonance tuning

In this paper a new method of control of the inductance based on a Class E full-bridge rectifier and Pulse-Width Modulation (PWM) for WPT systems is proposed. The proposed method controls the secondary inductance of the WPT system with a Class E full-bridge rectifier and Pulse-Width Modulation (PWM). In comparison to conventional methods, the proposed method provides real time control at high efficiency and circuit compactness. The reactance of the Class E rectifier is analyzed and the proposed circuit is presented based on the analysis. The inductance control method with PWM signals and real time resonance tuning is proposed, explained and validated with simulation and experiment.
Influence of iron deficiency anemia on hemoglobin A1c levels in diabetic individuals with controlled plasma glucose levels.

INTRODUCTION Hemoglobin A1C (HbA1c) reflects patient's glycemic status over the previous 3 months. Previous studies have reported that iron deficiency may elevate A1C concentrations, independent of glycemia. This study is aimed to analyze the effect of iron deficiency anemia on HbA1c levels in diabetic population having plasma glucose levels in control. METHODS Totally, 120 diabetic, iron-deficient anemic individuals (70 females and 50 males) having controlled plasma glucose levels with same number of iron-sufficient non-anemic individuals were streamlined for the study. Their data of HbA1c (Bio-Rad D-10 HPLC analyzer), ferritin (cobas e411 ECLIA hormone analyzer), fasting plasma glucose (FPG, Roche Hitachi P800/917 chemistry analyzer), hemoglobin (Beckman Coulter LH780), peripheral smear examination, red cell indices, and medical history were recorded. Statistical analysis was carried out by student's t-test, Chi-square test, and Pearson's coefficient of regression. RESULTS We found elevated HbA1c (6.8 ± 1.4%) in iron-deficient individuals as compared to controls, and elevation was more in women (7.02 ± 1.58%). On further classification on the basis of FPG levels, A1C was elevated more in group having fasting glucose levels between 100-126 mg/dl (7.33 ± 1.55%) compared to the those with normal plasma glucose levels (<100 mg/dl). No significant correlation was found between HbA1c and ferritin and hemoglobin. CONCLUSION This study found a positive correlation between iron deficiency anemia and increased A1C levels, especially in the controlled diabetic women and individuals having FPG between 100-126 mg/dl. Hence, before altering the treatment regimen for diabetic patient, presence of iron deficiency anemia should be considered.
Mitochondrial DNA deletions are associated with ischemia and aging in Balb/c mouse brain

Deletions in the mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) of Balb/c mouse cerebrums, resembling deletions found in elderly humans or in patients with certain disorders, were detected by PCR. Analysis was carried out on mice of various ages and on mice in which the bilateral common carotid arteries had been incompletely ligated to reconstruct cerebral ischemia. A 3,867 bp mtDNA deletion was present only in old or ischemic mouse groups. Among the non‐ischemic groups, it was found in 0 of 12 weaning, 0 of 12 young, and four of eight old mice. Among the ischemic groups, it was found in 12 of 17 young and 11 of 11 old mice. Moreover, the percentage of total mtDNA containing deletions was 22% for the old non‐ischemic group, 37% for the young ischemic group, and 69% for the old ischemic group. In addition, PCR analysis detected two other deletions of 3,726 bp and 4,236 bp in 4 of the 11 old ischemic cerebrums. The results indicate that mtDNA deletions are associated with aging, that ischemia increases the incidence of mtDNA deletions, and that mtDNA deletions resulting from ischemia are more likely to occur in old mice than in young mice. J. Cell. Biochem. 73:545–553, 1999. © 1999 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.