Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
OBSERVATIONAL EVIDENCE FOR CORONAL TWISTED FLUX ROPE

Multi-instrument data sets of NOAA AR10938 on 2007 January 16 (e.g., Hinode, STEREO, GOES, MLSO, and ISOON Hα) are utilized to study the fine structure and evolution of a magnetic loop system exhibiting multiple crossing threads, whose arrangement and individual shapes are very suggestive of individual field lines in a flux rope. The footpoints of the magnetic threads are closely rooted into pores and plage areas. A C-class flare recorded by GOES at approximately 2:35 UT near one of the footpoints of the multi-thread system (along with a wisp of loop material shown by EUV data) led to the brightening of the magnetic structure revealing its fine structure with several threads that indicate a high degree of linking (suggesting a left-handed helical pattern as shown by the filament structure formed later on). EUV observations by Hinode/EIS of hot spectral lines at 2:46 UT show a complex structure of coronal loops. The same features were observed about 20 minutes later in X-ray images from Hinode/XRT and about 30 minutes further in EUV images of STEREO/SECCHI/EUVI with much better resolution. Hα and 304 Å images revealed the presence of several filament fibrils in the same area. They evolved a few hours later into a denser structure seemingly showing a helical pattern, which persisted or several days forming a segment of a larger-scale filament. The present observations provide an important indication for a flux robe as a precursor of a solar filament.
Using Hardware Performance Monitors to Isolate Memory Bottlenecks

In this paper, we present and evaluate two techniques that use different styles of hardware support to provide data structure specific processor cache information. In one approach, hardware performance counter overflow interrupts are used to sample cache misses. In the other, cache misses within regions of memory are counted to perform an n-way search for the areas in which the most misses are occurring. We present a simulation-based study and comparison of the two techniques. We find that both techniques can provide accurate information, and describe the relative advantages and disadvantages of each.
Mechanism of sound change in Optimality Theory

ABSTRACT In this article I examine the ongoing loss of palatalization assimilation in Modern Standard Russian within the framework of Optimality Theory (OT) (McCarthy & Prince, 1993a; Prince & Smolensky, 1993) and show that this theory offers new, meaningful explanations for the role of markedness and naturalness in the mechanism of a sound change. I also argue that OT provides new possibilities for relating quantitative patterns to the formal principles of grammatical organization. In particular, in OT, suggested cross-linguistically invariant relations between phonological factors predict a general pattern of influence that these factors have on the quantitative outcome of a change. I suggest that a change operates as a gradual weakening or strengthening of whole subhierarchies of constraints with universally fixed rankings (constraint families, which implement markedness scales in OT). In an examination of variable data, I argue that the major differences in quantitative patterns mirror the fixed constraint ranking within such constraint families and constraint violation/nonviolation in OT grammar. I also discuss the problem of modeling variable data within OT, which, like other formal phonological theories, permits no output variation. I examine a grammar competition model explored in OT literature and argue instead for constraint competition with constraint weight in production.
Hindi Word Sense Disambiguation

Word Sense Disambiguation (WSD) is defined as the task of finding the correct sense of a word in a specific context. This is crucial for applications like Machine Translation and Information Extraction. While the work on automatic WSD for English is voluminous, to our knowledge, this is the first attempt for an Indian language at automatic WSD. We make use of the Wordnet for Hindi developed at IIT Bombay, which is a highly important lexical knowledge base for Hindi. The main idea is to compare the context of the word in a sentence with the contexts constructed from the Wordnet and chooses the winner. The output of the system is a particular synset number designating the sense of the word. The mentioned Wordnet contexts are built from the semantic relations and glosses, using the Application Programming Interface created around the lexical data. The evaluation has been done on the Hindi corpora provided by the Central Institute of Indian Languages and the results are encouraging. Currently the system disambiguates nouns. Work is on for other parts of speech too.
Pesquisa de satisfação de clientes: o estado-da-arte e proposição de um método brasileiro

This article presents a discussion about the important and quite up-to-date theme: customer satisfaction. In order to do that, one discusses the relevance and the opportunity of the survey for measuring customer satisfaction and its state of the art, presents in deails a method conceived and applied in Brazil by this paper's authors, and analyses method's limitations and its future implications in research. In the development of the paper, one has examined the most up-to-date literature about customer satisfaction and the datailed description of a Brazilian method developed by the authors. Along the work, it is raised a survey's method on customer satisfaction which has derived from the analysis of theme's state of the art, the authors' experience in teaching, researching and consulting, as well as the benchmarking some their great experience on that.
S-WTP: shifted waiting time priority scheduling for delay differentiated services

The delay differentiated service was proposed as a DiffServ model to provide quality of service (QoS) guarantee on the Internet. In this model, packets are scheduled for transmission according to some specific delay metrics. waiting time priority (WTP) is one of this kind of scheduling algorithms that assign the priority to the packet according to its waiting time. WTP incurs implementation difficulty due to its computational complexity. In this paper, we propose a modified algorithm based on WTP called shifted waiting time priority (S-WTP). S-WTP reduces the computational complexity of WTP from O(n) to O(log(n)) without losing the basic functionality of WTP. Simulation results illustrate the effectiveness of S-WTP for delay differentiated service.
Content-adaptive color transform for image compression

In this paper, an adaptive color transform for image compression is introduced. In each block of the image coefficients of the color transform are determined from the previously compressed neighboring blocks using weighted sums of the RGB pixel values, making the transform block-specific. There is no need to transmit or store the transform coefficients because they are estimated from previous blocks. The compression efficiency of the transform is demonstrated using the JPEG image coding scheme. In general, the suggested transformation results in better PSNR values for a given compression level.
Calcium, fungicide sprays and canopy density influence postharvest rots of avocado

A study was carried out in eight orchards in 1999, 2000 and 2001 to examine the effect of preharvest factors on postharvest rots of ‘Hass’ avocados in New Zealand. A further 14 orchards were sampled in 1999 and, of these, 13 were sampled in 2000, depending on fruit availability. Orchards were selected following consultation with industry personnel to obtain a sample representative of fruit quality in New Zealand. Fruit were harvested in early January at a dry matter content of ≈33%, then stored and ripened at 20°C. Fruit were assessed for stem-end and body rots when ripe, and fungi from rots were isolated and identified. For the 3 years’ data collected from the same eight orchards, the incidence of stem-end rots was linearly related to the number of fungicide applications, mainly of copper and a few of benomyl. In 1999 and 2000, an index describing canopy density and the amount of dead branches in the canopy was significantly related to the incidence of body rots, but not to the incidence of stem-end rots. In 2000, a significant relationship was found between body rot incidence and severity and fruit calcium levels. Body rots were found to decrease with increasing temperature and rainfall in 2000 when these data were collected for seven orchards. In contrast, calcium content in fruit was positively related to these factors. The most common pathogen from isolations was Botryosphaeria parva, followed by Colletotrichum acutatum. To improve fruit quality of avocados in New Zealand, it is recommended that growers apply fungicides more than eight times and calcium to increase the (calcium+magnesium)/potassium ratio above 0.065 in fruit.
Shoulder impingement syndrome: a systematic review of clinical trial participant selection criteria

Background Shoulder impingement syndrome (SIS) is a common diagnosis for patients with pain and dysfunction of the shoulder. Variations in the signs and symptoms might lead to uncertainty regarding the definition of SIS. The aim of this review is to explore the participant selection criteria used in the literature when investigating SIS and to assess differences in criteria among treating professions. Methods This is a PRISMA systematic review of publications from 2009 to 2014 from MEDLINE, PubMed, The Cochrane Library, Embase, Scopus and CINAHL. Results Ninety-seven articles met inclusion criteria for this review. Twenty-five different surgical and nonsurgical treatments were investigated. Impingement-specific index tests were used in all studies. Exclusion index tests were used in 62% of studies. Twenty index tests were identified. Radiological investigations were reported in 53% of all studies, of which a further 53% reported using two or more radiological investigations. Conclusions This systematic review has illustrated that studies investigating SIS test for various signs and symptoms, which is in keeping with describing the condition as a ‘syndrome’. However, there are inconsistencies in participant selection criteria between health disciplines, highlighting a need for harmonization of the selection criteria in the form of an international editorial consensus.
Golden‐age gambling: Psychological benefits and self‐concept dynamics in aging consumers' consumption experiences

Phenomenological investigation of casino gambling among older consumers yields the identification of the psychological benefits of this consumption experience for this population. Control, Lift, and Escape emerge as central themes as older consumers' gambling experiences unfold, and the elements and psychological outcomes of each of these themes are discussed. Through interpretive analysis, a conceptual framework is developed in which these factors serve an intermediary role between the more shallow hedonic responses of “fantasies, feelings, and fun” (Holbrook & Hirschman, 1982) and deeper aspects of the self. It is proposed that the psychological benefits of gambling and other forms of experiential consumption may ultimately reinforce and enhance seniors' self-concepts. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Metabolism and DNA binding of benzo(a)pyrene in vivo in the rat.

Abstract The in vivo metabolism and DNA binding of benzo( a )pyrene (BP) was examined in male Sprague-Dawley rat. BP was administered i.v. at dose levels of 1.0 and 10.0 µmol/kg. DNA samples from [ 3 H]BP-treated rats were enzymatically digested to deoxyribonucleosides and analyzed by high-pressure liquid chromatography. Several chromatographically distinct nucleoside-bound adducts were observed in lung whereas in the liver only one adduct was apparent. The major adduct formed in the lung was chromatographically identical to the adduct formed in the liver and represented 42 and 7% of total DNA binding in lung and liver, respectively. The major adduct (II) appeared to result from further metabolism of BP phenols. The BP diolepoxide adducts were not detected in rat liver, and only a relatively small amount was observed in rat lung, 1.4% of total DNA binding. The lack of formation of substantial amounts of BP diol-expoxide adducts in rat lung is consistent with the apparent lack of induction of pulmonary tumors in rat by BP. The BP-DNA adduct profiles were similar at both dose levels. Comparisons between the observed in vivo BP-DNA adduct profiles and profiles in various in vitro model systems are made. Bile samples were collected from bile-cannulated animals following i.v. dose of BP. With a 1.0-µmol/kg dose of BP, 68% of the dose was excreted into bile in six hr, and of this amount 34 and 9% represented glucuronide and sulfate conjugates, respectively. The remaining biliary metabolites were probably glutathione conjugates. Glucuronide and sulfate conjugates of phenols, diols, quinones, and uncharacterized more polar metabolites (pre-9, 10) were detected in bile. The benzo( a )pyrene-3,6-dione, 6.5% of dose, and pre-9, 10, 9% of dose, were the major glucuronide metabolites. The pre-9, 10 metabolites are probably polyhydroxylated BP derivatives recycled through the monooxygenase enzymes. Adduct II is probably formed from the interaction of DNA with reactive intermediates generated in the formation of pre-9, 10 metabolites.
D‐effects in Toroidally Compactified Type II String Theory

We review exact results obtained for R^4 couplings in maximally supersymmetric type II string theories. These couplings offer a privileged scene to understand the rules of semiclassical calculus in string theory. Upon expansion in weak string coupling, they reveal an infinite sum of non-perturbative e^{-1/g} effects that can be imputed to euclidean D-branes wrapped on cycles of the compactification manifolds. They also shed light on the relation between Dp-branes and D-(p-2)branes, D-strings and (p,q) strings, instanton sums and soliton loops. The latter interpretation takes over in D<=6 in order to account for the e^{-1/g^2} effects, still mysterious from the point of view of instanton calculus. [To appear in the proceedings of the conference "Quantum Aspects of Gauge Theories, Supersymmetry and Unification" held at Neuchatel University, Switzerland, 18-23 September 1997. ]
Extensions to the Concept of Excess Commuting

When people commute to work longer or farther than the actual spatial arrangement of homes and workplaces suggest they could be commuting, people are engaging in excess commuting. In the aggregate, excess commuting is the nonoptimal or surplus work travel occurring in cities because people do not minimize their journeys to work. In this paper an alternative view of excess commuting based on a theoretical maximum commute is presented. The calculation of a theoretical maximum commute allows for an analysis of the range between the theoretical minimum and maximum commutes, which marks an improvement over current approaches to the measure of excess commuting. Conceptually, this range is taken to be the commuting capacity of a city. To what extent commuting capacity is consumed in terms of current levels of commuting forms a primary question of the analysis. A model is formulated and applied to 1990 Census data for a sample of US cities. Numerical and visual results suggest variation in the amount of excess commuting and consumed commuting potential for the sample of cities. The results also suggest a relationship between the jobs – housing balance of a city (as captured by its theoretical minimum commute) and its observed commute. Additionally, the maximization calculation is shown to provide insight into the degree of decentralized urban form. A conclusion is provided which relates the findings of this research to larger issues of urban sustainability.
STEPS: experimenting a new software-based strategy for testing SoCs containing P1500-compliant IP cores

This paper presents STEPS, an innovative software-based approach for testing P1500-compliant SoCs. STEPS is based on the concept that the ATE is not considered as an initiator applying vectors to the SoC test pins but rather as a target, a huge repository of 32-bits test data and control commands. The ATE is connected to the functional SoC external RAM controller interface. The only additional test component in the SoC is a P1500 test processor that converts test data into serial P1500 streams. This paper applies the STEPS methodology to SoCs containing a VCI-compliant interconnect, a microprocessor, P1500-compliant IP cores and an external RAM controller interface. Using the ITC02 SoC benchmarks, a comparison is done between the STEPS architecture and a classical bus-based strategy.
Parsimony principles for software components and metalanguages

Software is a communication system. The usual topic of communication is program behavior, as encoded by programs. Domain-specific libraries are codebooks, domain-specific languages are coding schemes, and so forth. To turn metaphor into method, we adapt tools from information theory - the study of efficient communication - to probe the efficiency with which languages and libraries let us communicate programs. In previous work we developed an information-theoretic analysis of software reuse in problem domains. This new paper uses information theory to analyze tradeoffs in the design of components, generators, and metalanguages. We seek answers to two questions: (1) How can we judge whether a component is over- or under-generalized? Drawing on minimum description length principles, we propose that the best component yields the most succinct representation of the use cases. (2) If we view a programming language as an assemblage of metalanguages, each providing a complementary style of abstraction, how can these metalanguages aid or hinder us in efficiently describing software? We describe a complex triangle of interactions between the power of an abstraction mechanism, the amount of reuse it enables, and the cognitive difficulty of its use.
Teaching for life? Midlife narratives from female classroom teachers who considered leaving the profession

ABSTRACT Career decision-making research has focused primarily on occupation change as a discrete event and emphasised occupational mobility. Not all of those who consider changing occupation do so though, and this study explored the narrative accounts of nine female teachers who had considered leaving the profession, but remained teaching at midlife. Narrative plotlines illustrated how this decision-making process evolved across the career span and revealed individual experiences ranging from reconciliation to on-going disaffection with teaching. Thematic analysis identified factors associated with occupational embeddedness in understanding why these women stayed and the potential for embedding issues to constrain women's occupational mobility. Implications for career counselling include exploring occupational decision-making across the career span, recognising the impact of embedding forces on women's teaching careers and supporting those who feel unable to leave this demanding occupation.
Optimizing monitoring networks for the detection of contaminant dispersion

To prepare for the unlikely event of a nuclear eme rgency, atmospheric dispersion models are used to forecast relea s concentrations and radionuclide deposition rates. By combining model pre dictions with spatial analyses of real-time gamma-dose rate measurements at permanent ( n = 153) and mobile device stations ( n = 8), more informed intervention decisions can be considered. The main objective of this research was to determine where to optimally locate mobile measuring dev ic s in order to minimize costs associated with faulty decisions. Incorr ect decisions may be the result of uncertainty in predicting the spread of a potential radioactive plume. Spatial simulated annealing was used to opti mally position mobile devices by minimizing a weighted sum of expected fa lse positive and false negative areas (i.e., false classification into saf e and unsafe zones). Results indicated that the optimal placement of mobile devi c s tended to be in areas at, or just inside, the edge of an advancing radioa ctive plume.
So Close, Yet so Far Away? the Effects of City Size, Density and Growth on Local Civic Participation

ABSTRACT: Recent studies in the U.S. context have suggested that political participation is a function of the size and concentration of a city’s population. Most of this research focuses on the idea that there is an optimal size and concentration of population that favors active political participation in terms of a higher propensity to vote in local elections, contact local officials, and attend community meetings. The conventional argument suggests a negative relationship between city size and political participation that is mitigated to some extent by the deeper social interactions generated by increased population density. We extend this research by also investigating the influence of population growth on the broader concept of civic participation. Civic participation is a multidimensional concept that requires the use of a broad set of indicators. We expand the number of measures to gauge civic participation at the local level by including data on the formation of volunteer associations, volunteer fire brigades and not-for-profit organizations as well as voter turnout. We test the hypotheses derived from extant research using aggregate data collected from Portuguese cities and discuss the implications of our findings for the literature on local civic participation.
Specifying the nature of the production impairment in a conductionxs aphasic: A case study

Abstract The phonemic paraphasias (e.g., television → ∗/tvσl/) of a conduction aphasic were examined in the light of Garrett's (1984) model of normal language production, with the goal of specifying the impairment in terms of the stage of production at which it arises and the unit over which the impaired process(es) operate. The results of an oral-reading task suggested that target word characteristics, notably length in syllables, rather than contextual factors, were the principal determinant of the likelihood of paraphasic errors. Subsequent studies attempted to define the unit over which the syllable constraint is defined. The results of these studies indicated that, though the unit is typically a single word, it may, under certain conditions, encompass multiple words. The possibility that the unit is defined prosodically is considered, and arguments in favor of assigning the impairment to the positional or phonetic level planning operations are evaluated.
New Construction of Short Certificate-Based Signature against Existential Forgery Attacks

Certificate-based cryptography is a useful public key cryptographic primitive that combines the merits of traditional public key cryptography and identity-based cryptography. It not only solves the key escrow problem inherent in identity-based cryptography, but also simplifies the cumbersome certificate management problem in traditional public key cryptography. So far, four short certificate-based signature schemes have been proposed. However, three of them fail in achieving the existential unforgeability under adaptive chosen-message attacks and the remaining one was not constructed in the normal framework of certificate-based signature. In this paper, we put forward a new short certificate-based signature scheme. The proposed scheme is devised in the normal framework of certificate-based signature and overcomes the security weaknesses in the previous short certificate-based signature schemes. In the random oracle model, we formally prove that it achieves the existential unforgeability against adaptive chosen-message attacks. Performance comparison shows that it is efficient and practical.