Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
iLAMP: Exploring high-dimensional spacing through backward multidimensional projection

Ever improving computing power and technological advances are greatly augmenting data collection and scientific observation. This has directly contributed to increased data complexity and dimensionality, motivating research of exploration techniques for multidimensional data. Consequently, a recent influx of work dedicated to techniques and tools that aid in understanding multidimensional datasets can be observed in many research fields, including biology, engineering, physics and scientific computing. While the effectiveness of existing techniques to analyze the structure and relationships of multidimensional data varies greatly, few techniques provide flexible mechanisms to simultaneously visualize and actively explore high-dimensional spaces. In this paper, we present an inverse linear affine multidimensional projection, coined iLAMP, that enables a novel interactive exploration technique for multidimensional data. iLAMP operates in reverse to traditional projection methods by mapping low-dimensional information into a high-dimensional space. This allows users to extrapolate instances of a multidimensional dataset while exploring a projection of the data to the planar domain. We present experimental results that validate iLAMP, measuring the quality and coherence of the extrapolated data; as well as demonstrate the utility of iLAMP to hypothesize the unexplored regions of a high-dimensional space.
Rescue of deficient amygdala tonic γ‐aminobutyric acidergic currents in the Fmr–/y mouse model of fragile X syndrome by a novel γ‐aminobutyric acid type A receptor‐positive allosteric modulator

Alterations in the ratio of excitatory to inhibitory transmission are emerging as a common component of many nervous system disorders, including autism spectrum disorders (ASDs). Tonic γ‐aminobutyric acidergic (GABAergic) transmission provided by peri‐ and extrasynaptic GABA type A (GABAA) receptors powerfully controls neuronal excitability and plasticity and, therefore, provides a rational therapeutic target for normalizing hyperexcitable networks across a variety of disorders, including ASDs. Our previous studies revealed tonic GABAergic deficits in principal excitatory neurons in the basolateral amygdala (BLA) in the Fmr1–/y knockout (KO) mouse model fragile X syndrome. To correct amygdala deficits in tonic GABAergic neurotransmission in Fmr1–/y KO mice, we developed a novel positive allosteric modulator of GABAA receptors, SGE‐872, based on endogenously active neurosteroids. This study shows that SGE‐872 is nearly as potent and twice as efficacious for positively modulating GABAA receptors as its parent molecule, allopregnanolone. Furthermore, at submicromolar concentrations (≤1 μM), SGE‐872 is selective for tonic, extrasynaptic α4β3δ‐containing GABAA receptors over typical synaptic α1β2γ2 receptors. We further find that SGE‐872 strikingly rescues the tonic GABAergic transmission deficit in principal excitatory neurons in the Fmr1–/y KO BLA, a structure heavily implicated in the neuropathology of ASDs. Therefore, the potent and selective action of SGE‐872 on tonic GABAA receptors containing α4 subunits may represent a novel and highly useful therapeutic avenue for ASDs and related disorders involving hyperexcitability of neuronal networks. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
A Novel Semi-Supervised SVM Based on Tri-Training

One of the main difficulties in machine learning is how to solve large-scale problems effectively, and the labeled data are limited and fairly expensive to obtain. In this paper a new semi-supervised SVM algorithm is proposed. It applies tri-training to improve SVM. The semi-supervised SVM makes use of the large number of unlabeled data to modify the classifiers iteratively. Although tri-training doesn't put any constraints on the classifier, the proposed method uses three different SVMs as the classification algorithm. Experiments on UCI datasets show that tri-training can improve the classification accuracy of SVM and can increase the difference of classifiers, the accuracy of final classifier will be higher. Theoretical analysis and experiments show that the proposed method has excellent accuracy and classification speed.
Clathrin-independent pinocytosis is induced in cells overexpressing a temperature-sensitive mutant of dynamin

A stable HeLa cell line expressing a dynamin mutant, dynts, exhibits a temperature-sensitive defect in endocytic clathrin-coated vesicle formation. Dynts carries a point mutation, G273D, corresponding to the Drosophila shibirets1 allele. The ts-defect in receptor-mediated endocytosis shows a rapid onset (< 5 min) and is readily reversible. At the nonpermissive temperature (38 degrees C) HRP uptake is only partially inhibited. Moreover, when cells are held at the nonpermissive temperature, fluid phase uptake fully recovers to wild-type levels within 30 min, while receptor-mediated endocytosis remains inhibited. The residual HRP uptake early after shift to the nonpermissive temperature and the induced HRP uptake that occurs after recovery are insensitive to cytosol acidification under conditions that potently inhibit receptor-mediated endocytosis of Tfn. Together, these results suggest that a dynamin- and clathrin-independent mechanism contributes to the total constitutive pinocytosis in HeLa cells and that dynts cells rapidly and completely compensate for the loss of clathrin- dependent endocytosis by inducing an alternate endocytic pathway.
A Holistic Approach to Managing Microalgae for Biofuel Applications

Microalgae contribute up to 60% of the oxygen content in the Earth’s atmosphere by absorbing carbon dioxide and releasing oxygen during photosynthesis. Microalgae are abundantly available in the natural environment, thanks to their ability to survive and grow rapidly under harsh and inhospitable conditions. Microalgal cultivation is environmentally friendly because the microalgal biomass can be utilized for the productions of biofuels, food and feed supplements, pharmaceuticals, nutraceuticals, and cosmetics. The cultivation of microalgal also can complement approaches like carbon dioxide sequestration and bioremediation of wastewaters, thereby addressing the serious environmental concerns. This review focuses on the factors affecting microalgal cultures, techniques adapted to obtain high-density microalgal cultures in photobioreactors, and the conversion of microalgal biomass into biofuels. The applications of microalgae in carbon dioxide sequestration and phycoremediation of wastewater are also discussed.
Medical, psychological and social features in a large cohort of adults with Prader-Willi syndrome: experience from a dedicated centre in France.

BACKGROUND Prader-Willi syndrome (PWS) is a developmental genetic disorder characterised by a variable expression of medical, cognitive and behavioural symptoms. In adulthood, the prevalence and severity of these symptoms determine the quality of life of the affected persons. Because of their rare disease condition, data on health and social problems in adults with PWS are scarce. In this research, we present medical, psychological and social features of a large cohort of adults admitted to a specialised PWS centre in France and analyse the differences according to genotype, gender and age. METHODS Data from 154 patients (68 men/86 women), with a median age of 27 years (range 16-54), were collected during their stay in our centre. Clinical histories were completed using information from parents or main caregivers, and the same medical team performed the diagnosis of different clinical conditions. Statistical analyses were performed to determine the influence of factors such as genotype, age or gender. RESULTS Paternal deletion genotype was the most frequent (65%) at all ages. Most patients had mild or moderate intellectual disability (87%). Only 30% had studied beyond primary school and 70% were in some special educational or working programme. Most of them lived in the family home (57%). The most prevalent somatic comorbidities were scoliosis (78%), respiratory problems (75%), dermatological lesions (50%), hyperlipidaemia (35%), hypothyroidism (26%), Type 2 diabetes mellitus (25%) and lymph oedema (22%). Some form of psychotropic treatment was prescribed in 58% of subjects, and sex hormones in 43%. Patients with deletion had a higher body mass index (44 vs. 38.9 kg/m(2)) and displayed higher frequency of sleep apnoeas. Non-deletion patients received insulin treatment (19% vs. 4%) and antipsychotic treatment (54.8% vs. 32.7%) more frequently. No difference was observed in the prevalence of Type 2 diabetes between the two genotype groups. Patients >27 years of age had a higher rate of comorbidities (Type 2 diabetes, hypertension, respiratory problems and lymph oedema). Gender differences were minor. CONCLUSIONS Adult patients with PWS showed high prevalence of comorbid health problems that need to be monitored for early treatment. Some of them are influenced by genotype and age. Another salient problem concerns the lack of adapted structures for better social integration. Further data about the real life and health conditions of adults with PWS are necessary to further our knowledge of the natural history of the disease and to design appropriate care strategies.
ARAEW-TR-0401 Characterization of Niobium , Tantalum and Sputtered Coatings on Steel Using Eddy C

A method that uses induced eddy current for characterization of niobium, tantalum and chromium sputtered coating on steel is presented in this paper. The objective of this work is to find the correlation between the sputtering conditions and resistivity of coatings and to develop a system for fast inspection of coatings as a coating quality control tool during production as well as in the field for determining coating degradation levels. A two-probe differential system having higher sensitivity and less noise than a one-probe system with 2D scanning ability was developed. A computer program that controls an XY table and performs fast data acquisition was written. Resistivity maps of the niobium, tantalum and chromium coated samples were constructed and are shown in the paper. For niobium coatings, the relationship between sputtering pressure and resistivity of coatings is examined, as well as the relationship between impurity level of process gas and resistivity of coatings. For tantalum coatings, the relationship between beta-Ta fraction and resistivity are analyzed. For chromium coatings, the relationship between micro-crack density and resistivity of coatings are analyzed. The topographic picture and destructive analysis of the samples show very good correlation with eddy currents measurements.
Sympathetic Nervous System Moves Toward Center Stage in Cardiovascular Medicine: From Thomas Willis to Resistant Hypertension

In 1664, the first anatomically correct depiction of the sympathetic nervous system came from Thomas Willis and his circle of London anatomists,1 included in The Anatomy of the Brain and Nerves , 1664 (Figure 1). This, the first work dedicated completely to the nervous system, also described the arterial loops at the base of the brain, which we now know as the Circle of Willis.1 Christopher Wren, an anatomist member of the group, was the principal illustrator1 before being asked by the City Fathers to turn his talents to town planning, architecture, and cathedral building after the 1666 Great Fire of London. Figure 1. An illustration of the human sympathetic nerves of the neck and thorax, from The Anatomy of the Brain and Sympathetic Nerves , published in 1664 by Thomas Willis and reproduced in Soul Made Flesh . 1 Almost 2 centuries later, subsequent microscopic examination demonstrated that blood vessel walls were densely innervated, leading Stelling in 18402 to correctly conclude that these vasomotor fibers were in fact sympathetic nerves that were carried from the central nervous system to the blood vessels. In the mid-19th century, celebrated European physiologists, including Brown-Sequard, Waller, and Bernard,2 built on these observations, demonstrating vasoconstriction with electrical stimulation of the cut nerves and vasodilatation on nerve section, which indicated that the sympathetic fibers exerted a tonic, vasoconstrictor influence. The pressor nerves had gained recognition. Identification of the sympathetic neurotransmitter proved to be difficult. Claims for epinephrine3,4 and the hypothetical sympathins I and E confused the picture. Ulf von Euler compared bioassay responses of epinephrine, norepinephrine, and dihydroxy norephedrine with those of cattle splenic nerve extract, by testing blood pressure (BP) responses in the anesthetized cat and contractile responses in the isolated pregnant rabbit uterus, to definitively demonstrate the …
The Graphical User Interface: Crisis, Danger, and Opportunity

The graphical user interface is a powerful new interface for mainstream computer users and a source of serious concern for those who cannot see. Fortunately, it will eventually be made as accessible to blind people as character-based forerunners. The systems that evolve will provide blind computer users with new capabilities not possible with character-based computers and access systems. However, the effects of previous inaccessibility, the current limited accessibility, and lingering doubts about the solvability of some of the access problems have slowed efforts to capitalize on the advantages and opportunities of these new systems. This article identifies potential new problems posed by graphic computing environments and describes some programs and strategies that are being developed to provide access to these environments.
Periodontal microbial ecology.

The authors have taken the liberty of presenting this manuscript in two parts. The first is a brief primer on microbial ecology, because, although the importance of microbial ecology in periodontal diseases is widely recognized, most of us do not know precisely what is meant by the term. The second section is a rather extensive overview of current studies of oral microbial ecology based almost entirely on recent in vivo studies.
Complete Parameter Identification of Large Induction Machines From No-Load Acceleration–Deceleration Tests

This paper introduces an offline deterministic method for identification of inertia moment, mechanical losses, and electrical parameters for large induction machines, based on direct-on-line starting and natural slowdown tests, performed under no-load conditions. The static characteristic of absorbed power is used for the validation of results. Complete experimental results for a 6-kV four-pole 7500-kW machine are presented. The method brings significant cost savings for testing large induction machines.
Finite-time H∞ fuzzy control for continuous-time and discrete-time nonlinear systems

In this paper, the problem of finite-time H∞ fuzzy control for both continuous-time and discrete-time nonlinear systems is considered. The definitions and explanations about finite-time H∞ fuzzy control for both continuous-time and discrete-time nonlinear systems are offered. Some theorems are obtained to guarantee the provided performance requirements. The optimization algorithms are also designed to minimize the provided performance level. Simulation examples are provided to verify the effectiveness of the schemes.
Real-time drawing assistance through crowdsourcing

We propose a new method for the large-scale collection and analysis of drawings by using a mobile game specifically designed to collect such data. Analyzing this crowdsourced drawing database, we build a spatially varying model of artistic consensus at the stroke level. We then present a surprisingly simple stroke-correction method which uses our artistic consensus model to improve strokes in real-time. Importantly, our auto-corrections run interactively and appear nearly invisible to the user while seamlessly preserving artistic intent. Closing the loop, the game itself serves as a platform for large-scale evaluation of the effectiveness of our stroke correction algorithm.
The Science Glass Ceiling: Academic Women Scientists and the Struggle to Succeed

In The Science Glass Ceiling, Rosser explores the career progressions and experiences of women faculty in science and engineering disciplines at prestigious research institutions and liberal arts colleges across the country. Drawing on survey and interview data from 1997 to 2000, she recounts the opportunities and challenges faced by these women scientists, particularly in the early stages of their academic careers. In addition to considering general climate issues for women operating in male-dominated disciplines, Rosser gives special attention to the working culture in research laboratories. She considers how the laboratory climate can affect women’s abilities to be successful in their research programs and how women’s presence can ultimately challenge and transform that climate. Rosser’s analysis results in four categories of predominant challenges faced by academic women in the sciences and engineering. Rosser presents these as policy issues, from which she generates a set of recommendations for academic and foundation leaders concerned with attracting women to academic positions in science and engineering and retaining them, once there. Rosser’s approach reflects a recent change in perspective among social researchers and other stakeholders about the salient factors influencing women’s progress in the labor market, specifically in academia. She aims to identify institutional barriers to women’s progress, rather than explaining gender inequality as the consequence of individual choices about work and family balance.
Low Temperature Aqueous Perchlorate Solutions on the Surface of Mars

Introduction: Although there has been no direct evidence for liquid water on the surface of Mars, indirect evidence comes from recent gully formation , which suggests the presence of liquid water process es near the surface [1, 2]. However, pure water is unstable in its liquid form due to the low pressure and temperatures associated with the Martian surfac e, so water is likely to be kept frozen and sublimatin g, or evaporating and boiling, if liquid [3]. Brines o r salt-rich solutions composed of NaCl or CaCl 2 have been suggested since they are known to lower the freezing point and evaporation rates [4, 5]. Recent results from NASA’s polar lander Phoenix have suggested the presence of perchlorates in the soil surrounding the landing site [6]. It is likely that these ions associate with either sodium or magnesium [7]. Very little is known regarding the behavior of these salts in solution, especially at low temperatures. Through evaporation experiments and geochemical modeling, we have studied the stability of perchlorates in a simulated Martian environment.
Experimental analysis of an innovative prosthetic hand with proprioceptive sensors

This paper presents an underactuated artificial hand intended for functional replacement of the natural hand in upper limb amputees. The natural hand has three basic functionalities: grasping, manipulation and exploration. To accomplish the goal of restoring these capabilities by implanting an artificial hand, two fundamental steps are necessary: to develop an artificial hand equipped with artificial proprioceptive and exteroceptive sensors and to fabricate an appropriate interface able to exchange sensory-motor signals with the amputee's body and the central nervous system. In order to address these objectives, we have studied an underactuated hand according to a biomimetic approach, and we have exploited robotic and microengineering technologies to design and fabricate its building blocks. The architecture of the hand comprises the following modules: an actuator system embedded in the underactuated mechanical structure (artificial musculoskeletal system), a proprioceptive sensory system (position and force sensors), an exteroceptive sensory system (3D force sensors distributed on the cosmetic glove), an embedded control unit, and a human/machine interface. The first prototype of the artificial hand has been designed and fabricated. The hand is underactuated, and is equipped with opposable thumb and a proprioceptive sensory system. This paper presents the fabrication and experimental characterization of the hand, focusing on the mechanical structure, the actuator system and the proprioceptive sensory system.
Instrumentness for creativity mediation, materiality & metonymy

We introduce the concept instrumentness as a quality of human-computer interfaces. Instrumentness points to the way musical instruments are controlled and conceptualized through values such as virtuosity and playability, which are important for computer-mediated creative work supporting development in use beyond what is initially designed for. The paper performs a conceptual investigation into qualities in software interfaces that support creativity, supported by analysis of, and interviews with, musical composers. Instrumentness is explained through discussions of materiality and metonymy as central strategies for computer mediated creativity. The paper is contributing to an investigation of the aesthetics of use in relation to software, pointing to alternative values, differing from traditional usability, which are also relevant in creative work outside art and music composition.
Perspectives on learning disabilities in India: Current practices and prospects.

Foreword J P DAS Preface Learning Disabilities: Issues and Concerns - Komilla Thapa Young At-risk Children: An Educational Challenge or a Clinical Group Only? - Geerdina M van der Aalsvoort Learning Disability and Language Learning - Pratibha Karanth Developmental Dyslexia: Evidence From Hindi-speaking Children with Dyslexia - Ashum Gupta The Marginalised Dalits: Disadvantages in Learning - Janak Pandey and S. K. Pant Learning Disability: Challenges in Diagnosis and Assessment - Preeti Verma Profiles of Academic Skill Deficits in the Indian Schools - Malavika Kapur Teacher Identification of Learning Problems: Comparisons with Other Measures - Rajani M. Konantambigi and Mamatha Shetty Teachers' Perception of Learning-related Problems in School-going Children: A Preliminary Report - Nishi Tripathi and Bhoomika R. Kar A Base-Line Study of Learning Disabilities: Its Prevalence, Teacher Awareness and Classroom Practices - Dhananjai Yadav and Vidya Agarwal A Theory-driven Approach to the Diagnosis and Remediation of Learning Problems in Children: CAS and PREP - Sunita Pagedar and Jagruti Sarnath Saffolding To Learn: An Attempt - Dharmishta H Mehta Detailed Assessment of Specific Learning Disability and Intervention in School Children - Monica Mongia, Raja Sadhu, and Manju Mehta Identifying Issues and Looking Ahead - Geerdina M van der Aalsvoort Index