Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Chrysophyllum albidum Deterioration Entails Decline in Pseudomonas and Increase in Acetobacter Abundance

Microorganisms inhabiting fruits can affect the quality of fruits during storage. Some of these organisms are bene�cial while others maybe deleterious (pathogenic). This paper analyzed African star apple (Chrysophyllum albidum) microbiota to detect the bacterial and fungal communities using high-throughput sequencing (HTS) technology. Healthy and diseased fruits of C. albidum were obtained from Choba market in Port Harcourt, Rivers State, Nigeria. Bacterial and fungal DNA were extracted from the samples and subjected to 16S and 18S rRNA sequencing respectively. Metagenomic analyses of bacterial and fungal strains from the samples revealed total operational taxonomical units (OTUs) as 341 and 4366 respectively. Among bacteria, the phylum Proteobacteria was dominant while all identi�ed fungi belong to the phylum Ascomycota. There was a signi�cant reduction in the abundance of Pseudomonas in the diseased sample when compared to the healthy sample. Conversely, relative abundance of Acetobacter increased in the diseased sample compared to the healthy sample. The fungal genera, Acidomyces, Geosmithia and Magnaporthe were also obtained. Additionally, the bacterial genera, Candidatus Portiera, Blautia, Brevibacterium, Tetragenococcus and Acinetobacter which were present in healthy fruits were not present in the diseased sample. The current study has helped in recognizing the microbial community structure of healthy and diseased fruits of C. albidum. These �ndings can help predict microbial community structural dynamics involved in the spoilage of African star apple and thus how the spoilage can be prevented or controlled.
Data Transfer Methods for Information-Centric Networking-Based Wireless Sensor Network Platform

Many Machine-to-Machine (M2M) services provided by sensor network services have been proposed. In many cases, a sensor network is designed and managed to provide a particular M2M service. For cost reduction and earlier service provisioning, the sensor network platform should realize multiple M2M services for its effectiveness. In this paper, we propose a design for a sensor network platform based on Information-Centric Networking (ICN). Generally, it is important to meet the detailed requests of each service, such as reliable data collection and data collection immediately after data generation. In this paper, we propose data transfer methods in Information-Centric Networking-based Wireless Sensor Network Platform. The proposed data transfer method is evaluated via simulation, and the simulation results show a delay time reduction and data arrival rate improvement.
Influence of Substitution of Wheat and Broad Bean Flour for Hydrolyzed Quinoa Flour on Cookie Properties

: Quinoa ( Chenopodium quinoa ) is an important pseudocereal for its high nutritional value, versatility in cooking, gluten-free nature, and potential contribution to food security and sustainable agriculture. The aim of this work was to evaluate the effect of different levels of substitution (10, 20, and 30%) of hydrolyzed quinoa ﬂour (HQF) on the nutritional, physical, and antioxidant characteristics and protein digestibility of cookies elaborated with wheat and broad bean ﬂours. Cookies without HQF were the control (C0). The addition of HQF increased the protein content by between 12 and 68% compared to C0. The increase in HQF improved the cookies’ quality according to the spread ratio. Adding HQF resulted in more compact cookies, decreasing their speciﬁc volume (1.30 to 1.15 cm 3 /g) and increasing their hardness (2791 to 6515 g). The total polyphenols increased by 2 to 3 times, and the antioxidant activity increased by more than three times with a 30% addition of HQF with respect to C0. The oxygen radical absorbance capacity with ﬂuoresceine (ORAC-FL) index (stoichiometry or amount of antioxidants) revealed that up to a 20% and 30% addition of HQF increased the antioxidant compounds by up to ~1.5 times. On the other hand, the antioxidant reactivity, according to the oxygen radical absorbance capacity with pyrogallol red (ORAC-PGR) index, increased by 2.4 times with a 30% addition of HQF. Finally, the cookies’ digestibility improved with a 10% addition of HQF. Therefore, HQF represents a viable option in the development of cookies with highly reactive antioxidant compounds that are nutritionally improved. This application could be extended to other baked products. However, a 30% addition of HQF affects its textural properties and decreases its digestibility.
Displacement-length scaling for single-event fault ruptures: insights from Newberry Springs Fault Zone and implications for fault zone structure

Abstract The Newberry Springs Fault Zone experienced slip associated with the 1992 Landers earthquake in the Mojave Desert of California, USA. Detailed analysis of scaling relationships from single-event ground ruptures in the Newberry Springs Fault Zone mapped in the field shows an average maximum displacement to length (Dmax/L) relationship for fault segments (rupture lengths in the range of 100–1000 m) of 8×10−5–consistent with previously published Dmax/L ratios for normal fault earthquake ground ruptures (rupture lengths in the range of 1–100 km) of 7×10−5. To explore the ability of remote sensing (interferometric synthetic aperture radar or InSAR) to map small-displacement single-event fault ruptures and add constraints on segment displacements, we applied established interferometry methods with phase unwrapping to produce maps of line-of-sight displacement and displacement gradient. These maps highlight fault traces that experienced displacement during the time between collection of the synthetic aperture radar images. Comparison of published 1992 single-event ground rupture maps with mapping based on photogeologic interpretation of 1950s vintage aerial photographs indicates that most of the 1992 ruptures occurred as reactivation of pre-existing slip surfaces. In general, Dmax/L for total fault displacement is approximately 100 times Dmax/L for single-event ruptures. Evidence from the Newberry Springs Fault Zone indicates that, since the Pleistocene, at least 10–20 Landers-like slip events have occurred, reactivating the Newberry Springs Fault Zone. Evidence of wide damage zones and reactivation of individual segments developed in alluvial floodplain deposits, at relatively small (order of metres) fault displacements, supports a conceptual model of fault damage zone width being established early, during fault propagation. With continued displacement by accumulation of additional slip events, fault zone damage intensifies. The fault zone width may remain relatively stable, although the active portion of the fault zone will likely narrow as faulting continues and a throughgoing slip surface develops and accumulates the bulk of displacement.
Minimum distance constrained non-negative matrix factorization for the endmember extraction of hyperspectral images

Endmember extraction and spectral unmixing is a very challenging task in multispectral/hyperspectral image processing due to the incompleteness of information. In this paper, a new method for endmember extraction and spectral unmixing of hyperspectral images is proposed, which is called as minimum distance constrained nonnegative matrix factorization (MDC-NMF). After being compared with a newly developed method named MVC-NMF, MDC-NMF not only has been demonstrated more reasonable in theory but also shows promising results in the experiments.
ScholarWorks@UMass Amherst ScholarWorks@UMass Amherst

This study measures the degree of dispersion of global tourism over the past two decades and then predicts the future dispersion of global tourism. Gini coefficients are used to measure the dispersion of international tourism arrivals and are calculated over the last 20 years using data from the UNWTO. The Gini coefficient is found to be decreasing over time, with time explaining a vast majority of the variance (R 2 =0.959). Using the same data, Markov transition matrixes are used to predict the future distribution of tourism based on changes in the distribution of tourism over the past 20 years.
Geomorphological criteria for identifying Pleistocene ice streams

Abstract Ice streams are critical regulatory mechanisms in contemporary ice sheets. It has been inferred that they also had a significant effect on the dynamics of former ice sheets. Subsequently, many people have invoked their widespread occurrence from a variety of formerly glaciated areas. Hypothesised locations, however, have often outweighed meaningful evidence. This paper addresses the problem, using the characteristics of contemporary ice streams as a basis for their identification from former ice-sheet beds. A convergence of knowledge gained from contemporary ice-stream research, coupled with theories of glacial geomorphology, allows several geomorphological criteria to be identified as suggestive signatures of ice-stream activity. It is envisaged that the geomorphological criteria developed here will introduce a more objective approach to the study of former ice streams. The criteria are used to construct conceptual land-system models of the beds of former ice streams, and it is hoped such models can provide an observational template upon which hypotheses of former ice streams can be better based.
Towards Learning Human-Like and Eﬀicient Multi-Agent Path Finding

Simulating trajectories of virtual crowds is a commonly encountered task in computer graphics. It significantly over-laps with the broader field of multiagent path finding, having the same central goal, but with different desired characteristics of motion. Several recent works have applied Rein-forcement Learning methods to animate virtual crowds, however they often make quite different design choices when it comes to the fundamental simulation setup. Each of these choices comes with a reasonable justification for its use, so it is not obvious what is their real impact, and how they affect the results. In this work, we build upon our recent research (Kwiatkowski et al. 2022b) where we study the impact of these arbitrary design choices in terms of their impact on the learning performance, as well as the quality of the resulting motion. We extend it with a more in-depth analysis of the reward function, its structure and properties. We introduce a simple framework for modelling the reward function that enables studying its properties without performing a relatively costly RL training. We also show some of our findings on how certain specific reward functions succeed or fail at producing believable behavior in different scenarios.
PRMT5 and CDK4/6 inhibition result in distinctive patterns of alternative splicing in melanoma

Drugs targeting cyclin-dependent kinases 4 and 6 (CDK4/6) are promising new treatments for melanoma and other solid malignancies. In studies on CDK4/6 inhibitor resistance, protein arginine methyltransferase 5 (PRMT5) regulation of alternative splicing was shown to be an important downstream component of the CDK4/6 pathway. However, the full effects of inhibition of CDK4/6 on splicing events in melanoma and the extent to which they are dependent on PRMT5 has not been established. We performed full-length mRNA sequencing on CHL1 and A375 melanoma cell lines treated with the CDK4/6 inhibitor palbociclib and the PRMT5 inhibitor GSK3326595 and analysed data for differential gene expression and differential pre-mRNA splicing induced by these agents. Changes in gene expression and RNA splicing were more extensive under PRMT5 inhibition than under CDK4/6 inhibition. Although PRMT5 inhibition and CDK4/6 inhibition induced common RNA splicing events and gene expression profiles, the majority of events induced by CDK4/6 inhibition were distinct. Our findings indicate CDK4/6 has the ability to regulate alternative splicing in a manner that is distinct from PRMT5 inhibition, resulting in divergent changes in gene expression under each therapy.
Meteor-3M(1)/Stratospheric Aerosol and Gas Experiment III (SAGE III) jointly sponsored by the National Aeronautics and Space Administration and the Russian Space Agency

The SAGE III is a joint Earth Observing System (EOS) mission between the US NASA and the Russian Space Agency (RSA) to fly aboard the Russian Meteor-3M(1) spacecraft to be launched from the Baikonur Cosmodrome in mid-1999. SAGE III is a spectrometer that measures attenuated radiation in the 282 nm to 1550 nm wavelength range which can be inverted to yield vertical profiles of ozone, aerosols and other species that are critical in studying trends and global change. In addition to SAGE III, the Meteor-3M(1) spacecraft carries nine Russian instruments for analyzing and forecasting environmental change and climate, for hydro-meteorological monitoring and for helio-geophysical research. Both the RSA and NASA are coordinating the activities associated with the joint mission development and implementation, including instrument development, spacecraft development, and mission operations.
Long‐Term Tillage and Residue Management Influences Soil Carbon and Nitrogen Dynamics

The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of long-term tillage and residue management on C and N pools in a sandy loam soil. Corn (Zea mays L.) was grown continuously since 1991 in a factorial experiment with three tillage treatments, directly seeded no-till (NT), shallowly harrowed reduced tillage (RT), and moldboard plowed conventional tillage (CT), and two levels of residue input, roots plus corn stover (high input, HI) and roots only (low input, LI). Soils were collected at two depths (0-5 and 5-20 cm) in the fall of 2007. The soil organic C (SOC) and total N pools were greater in the NT and RT treatments than in the CT treatment. Residue management had a marginal (P < 0.1) effect on SOC and total N pools. The change in the SOC pool (0-20-cm depth) after 16 yr showed a net loss of -6.3 Mg C ha -1 from the CT treatment and net gains of 5.1 and 10.8 Mg C ha -1 in the NT and RT treatments, respectively. Microbial biomass and the potentially mineralizable C and N concentrations in the 0- to 5-cm depth were greater in the soil from the RT and NT treatments than from the CT treatment, with higher concentrations in the HI than LI residue treatment for both soil depths. Microbial biomass and potentially mineralizable C and N were also correlated with the SOC pool, which supports the use of these labile fractions as indicators of management-induced changes in the SOC pool.
Depositional systems in the Mt Isa Inlier from 1800 Ma to 1640 Ma: Implications for Zn–Pb–Ag mineralisation

Two facies models are proposed to explain siliciclastic and carbonate depositional systems of 1800 Ma to 1640 Ma age in the Western Fold Belt of the Mt Isa Inlier. Both models record the response of depositional systems to storm-driven processes of sediment transport, dispersal and deposition on a shallow water shelf. The same suite of facies belts can also be identified in sedimentary successions of the Eastern Fold Belt. Slope driven processes of sediment transport and dispersal characterise turbidite and debrite deposits of the Soldiers Cap Group and Kuridala Formation and provide evidence for significantly greater water depths in this part of the basin from ca 1685 Ma. Through the recognition of unconformity surfaces, their correlative conformities, maximum flooding and ravinement surfaces, the facies belts are packaged into seven supersequences for the interval ca 1800–1640 Ma. The new correlations are shown in an event chart that correlates linked depositional systems across the entire Mt Isa Inlier. Thick successions of turbidite and debrite deposits are restricted to the eastern parts of the Mt Isa Inlier and do not occur in the Western Fold Belt. A major phase of extension and rifting commenced at ca 1740 Ma and by ca 1690 Ma led to significant crustal thinning and increased rates of accommodation over an area east of the Mount Dore Fault and Burke River Structural Belt. In the Mitakoodi Anticline and Kuridala-Selwyn Block, the rapid transition from shallow-water shelf depositional systems of the Prize Supersequence to significantly deeper-water slope environments of the Gun Supersequence coincided with the development of a platform margin, the deposition of turbidite and debrite deposits in deep water on the continental slope and the intrusion of mafic sills and dykes. Turbidite and debrite depositional systems of the Soldiers Cap Group and Kuridala Formations are restricted to a lowstand wedge of siliciclastic facies deposited basinward of a platform margin. Basin geometries and sediment architectures associated with this extensional event and recorded in the Gun Supersequence (ca 1685 Ma to 1650 Ma) provide an explanation for the geographic separation and fluid evolution pathways responsible for the Mt Isa Type and Broken Hill Type Zn–Pb–Ag deposits.
Use of ammonium and other nitrogen tracers to investigate the spreading of shelf waters in the western Arctic halocline

[1] The contribution of nutrient regeneration in summer to the nutrient maximum associated with Bering Sea Winter Water (BSWW) is estimated from the ammonium data, which was obtained in the outer shelf region of the Chukchi Sea for the first time by the R/V Mirai in 2002. The contribution rate reaches 20–30%, which is larger than the rate studied earlier inside the Chukchi shelf. Such BSWW influenced by the regeneration spreads to the Chukchi shelf slope up to the isobath of ∼3000 m, however, was not found in the Canada Basin. The ammonium and a nitrogen deficit are also useful tracers to study the spreading of shelf waters that are less saline than BSWW. In the Canada Basin, a small amount of ammonium (<2 μM) was observed east of the Northwind Ridge. This small amount of ammonium would be associated with the spreading of Eastern Chukchi Summer Water via the Barrow Canyon. Around the Chukchi Borderland, a prominent nitrogen deficit layer was found. It would be accompanied by Western Chukchi Summer Water via the Hope Valley–Herald Valley channel. The water flows into the Chukchi Abyssal Plain and then spreads eastward to the west of the Northwind Ridge with the decrease of nitrogen deficit signal.
“The Power of Language”: Young People in Greece as “Scapegoats” in Covid-19 Crisis

Governments around the globe take measures to protect citizens against the coronavirus threat. At the end of the day, security becomes a top priority issue and therefore is included in almost every policy agenda. In light of this, some governments seem to victimize certain social groups when they are incapable of addressing successfully the health crisis of Covid-19. An indicative example is the Greek government’s tactic (New Democracy Party) to blame young people for the spread of the virus, while the real ‘culprit’, according to some (Tziantzi & Papadopoulou, 2020), was the restart of tourist industry that resulted in a sharp rise of the Corona incidents. In doing so, language was the key ‘vehicle’ for this purpose along with statistical numbers, but the latter is a whole different discussion that this paper is not going to open. On the contrary, this paper constitutes a problematization on the usage of language for political reasons. Language is not a neutral tool but plays the games of political elites, while it has the power to create new scapegoats. Is this a wise political choice when Greek society encounters so many problems related to the Covid-19 pandemic? Logical reasoning says no. Will young people be the only exception to this rule? Certainty not, today new scapegoats come into light: citizens who refuse to be vaccinated and/or the sprayed’ ones.
Dynamic Service Function Chaining by Resource Usage Learning in SDN/NFV Environment

Recently, to reflect diverse service requirements increasing with the popularization of various Internet devices, network functions virtualization (NFV) is attracting attention as the core technology of the next-generation network. In keeping with the progress of NFV, service function chaining (SFC) for specific network service appeared, and SFC refers to a technique for the sequential abstraction of service functions. In connection with the existing study's method for dynamic service chaining that dynamically generates a service chain through reinforcement learning, considering a node, at which service functions operate for efficient service chaining in the NFV environment, and the usage of resources such as CPU, memory, and network usage, this paper investigated a method for more stable dynamic service function chaining by flexibly calculating a fixed weight for the $r$ value, which was derived from an experiment, according to the amount of remaining resources at the relevant node.
Inferring the coseismic and postseismic stress changes caused by the 2004 Mw = 6 Parkfield earthquake from variations of recurrence times of microearthquakes

[1] Kinematic models of coseismic stress, inverted from ground motion data, do not usually find good correlation between the location of aftershocks and high-stress patches. In particular, numerous earthquakes are recorded in areas of the fault where the stress decreases. However, most of coseismic slip distributions have limited spatial resolution (typically not better than ∼1 km). Here we investigate the stress changes produced by the 2004 Mw = 6 Parkfield earthquake on and near its rupture zone, at the scale of magnitude 2 earthquake asperities (approximately tens of meters). After relocating earthquakes in this zone between 1984 and 2007, we form repeating, highly similar earthquake sequences and study how the quasiperiodicity of occurrence at each sequence, observed during the 20 years preceding the 2004 main shock, is perturbed by this event. We apply a simple model of the seismic cycle to infer the coseismic and postseismic stresses experienced by the repeatedly failing asperities. Despite being spatially sparse, these stress distributions have resolutions only limited by the typical scale of an asperity. We propose that the high spatial variability of the seismicity patterns following the Mw = 6 earthquake, results from an heterogeneous coseismic stress field. The emergence of the Omori-Utsu law observed at large-scale (greater than kilometers) at Parkfield is simply the outcome of averaging such quasi-deterministic patterns over many sequences. The fact that the coseismic stress can significantly change over distances of the order of 100 m adds credence to the hypothesis that earthquake rupture is intrinsically very heterogeneous.
Quantifying the relevance of alternative stable states in many-species food webs

Alternative stable ecosystem states are possible under the same environmental conditions in many models of 2-3 interacting species and an array of feedback loops. However, multi-species food webs might dissipate the feedbacks that create alternative stable states through species-speciﬁc traits and feedbacks. To test this potential, we develop a many-species model of consumer-resource interactions with two classes of feedbacks: specialized feedbacks where individual resources become unpalatable at high abundance, or aggregate feedbacks where overall resource abundance reduces consumer recruitment. We quantify how trophic interconnectedness and species diﬀerences in demography aﬀect the potential for either feedback to produce alternative stable states dominated by consumers or resources. We ﬁnd that alternative stable states are likely to happen in many-species food webs when aggregate feedbacks or lower species diﬀerences increase redundancy in species contributions to persistence of the consumer guild. Conversely, specialized palatability feedbacks with distinctive species roles in consumer guild persistence reduce the potential for alternative states but increase the likelihood that losing vulnerable consumers cascades into a food web collapse at low stress levels, a dynamic absent in few-species models. Altogether, among-species trait variation can limit the set of processes that create alternative stable states and impede consumer recovery from disturbance.