Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Towards Understanding Some Astrophysical Flows using Multiscale Simulations with the FLASH Code

Many astrophysical systems have important behaviors on scales so disparate that even modern techniques such as adaptive mesh refinement cannot possibly resolve all of the dynamics. However, there are situations where the interactions between the scales are relatively simple; in these cases the system can be meaningfully decomposed into different sub-problems, which can be separately understood and then integrated back together into a large-scale model. Here we describe an in-progress computational astrophysics research program where such an approach is taken for two different problems - that of turbulent mixing in a large-scale flow between a high-speed hot wind and a cold, dense accretion disk; and turbulent ignition in what will become a Type Ia supernovae. In the case of the disk-wind interaction, the turbulent mixing is understood through parameter studies of small-scale mixing flows, with the aim of putting the resulting transport terms into a large-scale wind-disk model. In the case of ignition, the turbulence is itself the large-scale flow, and the ignition physics is the small-scale model which must be understood and inserted parametrically into the large-scale model. In both cases, the detailed modeling of the large number of small-scale models can easily exceed the later cost of the large-scale global computations.
A Genetic Algorithm Optimized New Structured Neural Network for Multistage Decision-Making Problem

For the widely use of multistage decision-making problem in our normal life such as in the new research area of dynamic selection of composite web services, this paper exerts all its effort on proposing a new approach to solve such problem. Motivated by neural networks’ high parallel performance and Genetic Algorithm’s powerful computation, a novel Genetic Algorithm optimized neural network is proposed in this paper for this task. In order to make this algorithm more adaptable for multistage decision-making problem, a new neural network structure for implementing the algorithm is proposed which is a modification to the one used by Thomopoulos or Rauch and Winarske.
Characterizing latency in periodic P2P hypercube gossiping

The efficient structure of the hypercube allows for an optimal solution to the two-way gossip problem at logarithmic node degree. It thereby enables scalable dissemination of live streaming data in peer-to-peer networks. Applications range from audio conferencing to distributed object tracking or real-time business intelligence. For such real-time applications traversal time is a concern. A considerable portion is due to wait delay or bide time at intermediate nodes. Previous work has analyzed abstract effort for hypercube gossiping schemes and derived worst-case bounds for several timing modes. In this paper we analyze the hop count distribution to complement previously established worst-case times by expectation values for uniformly distributed network delays. We compare these results to results from a simulation with a life-like network delay distribution. Results attest that expected wait latency is indeed highly dependent on the timing of the communication and considerably lower than worst-case traversal time.
Timing belt gearbox in Ballbot robot

Ballbot is one of the dynamically stable robots that is much more complex than statically stable robots. This robot is able to keep balance on the ball with very precise control mechanisms. Very accurate and smooth motion without motor backlash is important to stabilize this robot. If you use the gearbox motor, due to backlash in the gearbox gears, we will have errors in calculating the exact position of the wheels and also make robot oscillation on the ball that will cause robot instability. That's why in accurate applications, gearbox motors are used less. To solve the backlash problem, some methods have been proposed that generally require high technology and cost. In this paper, the proposed method for robot motion with high accuracy and low backlash, is using timing belt gearboxes for power transmission that requires no special technology and is less costly method, furthermore due to the weight and volume it has, creates a proper torque. By using this method to transfer power and precise control of motors, the robot has a good balance and quick reaction to the tensions.
RECOGNITION OF PROTEIN STRUCTURE: DETERMINING THE RELATIVE ENERGETIC CONTRIBUTIONS OF β-STRANDS, α-HELICES AND LOOPS

We examine the role of residues of secondary structure in recognition of the native structure of proteins. The accuracy of recognition was estimated by computing the Z-score values for fragments of protein chains in threading tests. By testing different combinations of secondary structure fragments of 240 non-homologous proteins we show that the overwhelming majority of proteins can be successfully recognized by the energies of interaction between residues of secondary structure. We also found that beta-structures contribute more significantly to fold recognition than alpha-helices or loops. To validate the Z-score calculations in measuring the accuracy of recognition we evaluated the deviation of the energy distribution from the normal law. The normal law satisfactory approximates the shape of the energy distribution for the majority of proteins and chain fragments; however, deviations are often observed for short fragments and for fragments with relatively high Z-score values. The results of the study justify recognition of remote homologs by threading methods based on a backbone of secondary structure rather than of a whole chain because loops of homologs differ more significantly than strands and helices, and the contribution of loops in structure recognition is relatively small.
Unexpected Role of the Steroid-Deficiency Protein Ecdysoneless in Pre-mRNA Splicing

The steroid hormone ecdysone coordinates insect growth and development, directing the major postembryonic transition of forms, metamorphosis. The steroid-deficient ecdysoneless1 (ecd1) strain of Drosophila melanogaster has long served to assess the impact of ecdysone on gene regulation, morphogenesis, or reproduction. However, ecd also exerts cell-autonomous effects independently of the hormone, and mammalian Ecd homologs have been implicated in cell cycle regulation and cancer. Why the Drosophila ecd1 mutants lack ecdysone has not been resolved. Here, we show that in Drosophila cells, Ecd directly interacts with core components of the U5 snRNP spliceosomal complex, including the conserved Prp8 protein. In accord with a function in pre-mRNA splicing, Ecd and Prp8 are cell-autonomously required for survival of proliferating cells within the larval imaginal discs. In the steroidogenic prothoracic gland, loss of Ecd or Prp8 prevents splicing of a large intron from CYP307A2/spookier (spok) pre-mRNA, thus eliminating this essential ecdysone-biosynthetic enzyme and blocking the entry to metamorphosis. Human Ecd (hEcd) can substitute for its missing fly ortholog. When expressed in the Ecd-deficient prothoracic gland, hEcd re-establishes spok pre-mRNA splicing and protein expression, restoring ecdysone synthesis and normal development. Our work identifies Ecd as a novel pre-mRNA splicing factor whose function has been conserved in its human counterpart. Whether the role of mammalian Ecd in cancer involves pre-mRNA splicing remains to be discovered.
Neurotransmitter Release at the Thalamocortical Synapse Instructs Barrel Formation But Not Axon Patterning in the Somatosensory Cortex

To assess the impact of synaptic neurotransmitter release on neural circuit development, we analyzed barrel cortex formation after thalamic or cortical ablation of RIM1 and RIM2 proteins, which control synaptic vesicle fusion. Thalamus-specific deletion of RIMs reduced neurotransmission efficacy by 67%. A barrelless phenotype was found with a dissociation of effects on the presynaptic and postsynaptic cellular elements of the barrel. Presynaptically, thalamocortical axons formed a normal whisker map, whereas postsynaptically the cytoarchitecture of layer IV neurons was altered as spiny stellate neurons were evenly distributed and their dendritic trees were symmetric. Strikingly, cortex-specific deletion of the RIM genes did not modify barrel development. Adult mice with thalamic-specific RIM deletion showed a lack of activity-triggered immediate early gene expression and altered sensory-related behaviors. Thus, efficient synaptic release is required at thalamocortical but not at corticocortical synapses for building the whisker to barrel map and for efficient sensory function.
Nonsteroidal Anti-Inflammatory Drugs Promote Axon Regeneration via RhoA Inhibition

After a CNS injury in the adult mammals, axonal regeneration is very limited because of the reduced intrinsic growth capacity and nonpermissive environment for axonal elongation. The growth inhibitions from CNS myelin and astroglial chondroitin sulfate proteoglycans partially account for the lack of CNS repair. Here, we show that the nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) ibuprofen and indomethacin, the drugs widely used as pain relievers in the clinic, can surmount axon growth restrictions from myelin and proteoglycans by potently inhibiting their downstream pathway RhoA signal. Similar to Rho and Rock inhibitors C3 transferase or Y27632 [(R)-(+)-trans-N-(4-pyridyl)-4-(1-aminoethyl)-cyclohexanecarboxamide], both NSAID drugs stimulate a significant neurite growth in the cultured dorsal root ganglion neurons exposed to the inhibitory substrates. Systemic administration of ibuprofen to spinal cord-lesioned rodents reverses the active RhoA signal around injury area measured via Rho-GTP binding assay. Subcutaneous injections of ibuprofen via minipumps to rats with a thoracic spinal cord transection or contusion injury result in substantial corticospinal and serotonergic axon sprouting in the caudal spinal cord and promote locomotor functional recovery, even delaying the treatment 1 week after trauma. In contrast, the non-RhoA-inhibiting NSAID naproxen does not have the axon growth-promoting effects on cultured or lesioned neurons. These studies demonstrate the therapeutic potential of RhoA-inhibiting NSAIDs in treating CNS injuries characterized by axonal disconnection including spinal cord injury.
STATIC BASED MALWARE DETECTION FRAMEWORK FOR ANDROID APPLICATION Chit

Malicious activities on mobile devices, especially for android devices are spreading around the world and infecting not only for end users but also for large organizations and service providers. Therefore malware analyzing and detecting methods are proposed by many researchers. Among many approaches for malware detecting, static approach is still conducting because the advantages of this approach which can reduce cost, time and risk rather than dynamic approach. The main objective of our research work is to propose a static-based malware detection framework which should improve the overall accuracy and performance of the malware detection. Although the proposed framework is described in this paper, the detail explanation and evaluation for the whole framework is not included. This paper only emphasizes on the classification of the mobile malware according to their level of protection by using Self Organizing Map (SOM) algorithm. The experimented results of classification for malware are also discussed in this paper.
Implications of Bulk Velocity Structures in AGN Jets

Synchrotron self-Compton (SSC) models and External Compton (EC) models of AGN jets with continually longitudinal and transverse bulk velocity structures have been constructed. The observed spectra show complex and interesting patterns in different velocity structures and viewing angles. These models were used to calculate the synchrotron and inverse Compton spectra of two typical BL Lac objects (BLO) (Mrk 421 and 0716+714) and (one) Flat Spectrum Radio Quasars (FSRQs) (3C 279), and to discuss the implications of jet bulk velocity structures in a unification of the BLO and FR I radio galaxies (FRI). By calculating the synchrotron spectra and SSC spectra of BL Lac object jets with continually bulk velocity structures, we have found that the spectra are much different from those in jets with a uniform velocity structure under increasing viewing angles. The unification of BLO and FRI is less constrained by the viewing angles, and would be imprinted by velocity structures intrinsic to the jets, themselves. By considering jets with bulk velocity structures constrained by the apparent speed, we discuss the velocity structures imprinted on the observed spectra for different viewing angles. We find that the spectra are greatly impacted by longitudinal velocity structures, because the volume elements are compressed or expanded. Finally, we present the EC spectra of FSRQs and FR II radio galaxies (FRII), and find that they are weakly affected by the velocity structures compared to synchrotron and SSC spectra.
Robust stability analysis of discrete-time switched linear systems with stable and unstable subsystems via switching parameter-dependent Lyapunov functions

This paper investigates the problem of robust stability analysis for discrete-time switched linear systems with stable and unstable subsystems, and the studied systems is subjected to polytopic uncertainties. In order to reduce the conservativeness resulted from polytopic uncertainties and the common Lyapunov function (CLF) approach, the switching parameter-dependent Lyapunov functions (SPDLF) approach is used in this paper. By using the SPDLF approach and mode-dependent average dwell time (MDADT) technique, we obtain robust stability conditions for the polytopic uncertain discrete-time switched linear systems with unstable subsystems in terms of linear matrix inequalities (LMIs). Finally, a numerical example is provided to show the effectiveness of the obtained results.
Localization of a bacterial protein in starch granules of transgenic maize kernels

The B subunit of Escherichia coli heat labile enterotoxin (LT-B) is a potent oral immunogen with potential for use as a vaccine, a carrier molecule to deliver antigens to gut-associated lymphoid tissues, and possibly an adjuvant to make coadministered vaccines more effective. LT-B produced in plants was shown to be functional and immunogenic in animals and humans. In this work, we show that maize-derived LT-B is strongly associated with starch granules in endosperm. Using immunogold labeling/electron microscopy, cell fractionation, and protein analysis techniques, we observed that LT-B protein could be detected both internally and externally in starch granules. This strong association confers an effective copurification of the antigen with the starch fraction of maize kernels, thermostability desirable in maize processing, and resistance to peptic degradation in simulated gastric fluid digests, an important attribute for an orally delivered antigen.
Two patients with a neuroendocrine tumour of the small intestine and paraneoplastic myasthenia gravis

Summary This paper reports on two patients with a long-standing diagnosis of an ENETS stage IV neuroendocrine tumour (NET) of the small intestine who developed neurological symptoms. The first patient only had bulbar symptoms and tested positive for acetylcholine receptor antibodies. The second patient had more classical symptoms of fatigable diplopia and muscle weakness of the legs, but no detectable antibodies. The diagnosis of paraneoplastical myasthenia gravis (MG) was postulated. Both patients were treated with pyridostigmine for MG and octreotide for the NETs. Interestingly, treatment of the NETs resulted in improvement of myasthenic symptoms. Paraneoplastic MG has been described to occur with certain malignancies, mainly thymoma. Herein, we prove that the association with gastrointestinal NETs, however, rare, is also one to be considered by clinicians dealing with either of these diseases. The pathogenesis has yet to be elucidated. Learning points NETs are rare malignancies with a wide variety of symptoms. Paraneoplastic MG can occur with various types of malignancies. Herein, we provide evidence of paraneoplastic MG in association with a grade IV NET of the small intestine. Treatment of the NETs resulted in remission of myasthenic symptoms in one patient.
Battling Predictability and Overconcentration in Recommender Systems

Today’s recommendation systems have evolved far beyond the initial approaches from more than a decade ago, and have seen a great deal of commercial success (c.f., Amazon and Netflix). However, they are still far from perfect, and face tremendous challenges in increasing the overall utility of the recommendations. These challenges are present in all stages of the recommendation process. They begin with the cold start problem: given a new user how do we recommend items to the user without forcing her to give feedback on a starter set of items. Similarly, given a new item introduced into the system, how do we know when (and to whom) we should recommend it. A different problem is that of data sparsity. Although every system has ‘super’ raters, that is people who rate thousands (and in some cases tens of thousands) of items, the number of such people is low. In fact, most people give feedback on only a handful of items, resulting in a large, but very sparse dataset. The data also exhibits the long tail phenomenon, with the majority of items getting just a handful of ratings. However, as recent studies have shown, understanding the tail is crucial—while no item in the tail is rated by too many people, the vast majority of people rate at least a few items in the tail [8]. In this work, we focus on a different question facing recommender systems: what determines the utility of a recommendation? In the past, accuracy, usually measured on some held out dataset, has served as the gold standard; indeed this was the only measure used by the famed Netflix prize. However, we must be careful to remember that accuracy is not identical to relevancy or usefulness of a recommendation. Accuracy is the leading component—if the accuracy of recommendations is low the system is not trusted by the user. However, once a recommender system achieves some accuracy bar, obtaining even higher accuracy does not necessarily make a recommendation more relevant. Indeed, recent work (e.g., see Sharma and Carenini [12]) has criticized the use of mean absolute error (MAE) as the sole measure of effectiveness of a recommender system and has proposed alternative measures inspired by decision theory. In this paper, we take a different tack and contend that once an accuracy bar (which may be based on a measure such as MAE) is achieved, diversity and freshness of recommendations play a crucial role in making a recommendation more relevant and useful to a user. Diversity One of the problems plaguing recommender systems overly focused on accuracy is overconcentration. This is the problem of recommending a set of items, in which all of the items are too similar to each other. For example, the system may learn that a user Alice has a certain penchant for fantasy books and may
GENETIC MAPPING OF TRAITS IMPORTANT IN BARLEY BREEDING

Molecular markers were used for assessing genetic diversity in Finnish six-rowed barley and for mapping and tagging genes affecting traits important in barley breeding. Finnish six-rowed barley germplasm is narrow-based: twenty two released varieties are largely composed of only seven ancestors. The level of diversity in the RAPD markers has remained during barley breeding. Coancestry based on pedigree information and Jaccard’s index based on RAPD markers were not correlated. A doubled haploid progeny from a cross between two Finnish six-rowed barley varieties (Rolfi and Botnia) was used for linkage map construction and genetic mapping. The map covered only 654 cM, probably due to genetic similarity of the parental varieties. Segregation distortion was detected in several chromosomal regions. When a set of doubled haploid lines were tested for their anther culture response, associations between anther culture traits and markers were detected. Only some of the associated markers were located on the chromosomal regions with distorted segregation. Anther culture traits have not been mapped previously in barley. The Rolfi x Botnia linkage map was used for mapping agronomically important quantitative traits. From one to seven quantitative trait loci (QTLs) affecting each trait were detected. Many of these QTLs overlapped with QTLs found previously in other germplasm. Candidate loci were identified for QTLs affecting earliness and straw length. Clustering of QTLs was clear. Since many QTL clusters were situated in centromeric areas of the chromosomes, clustering may be explained by suppression of recombination. QTL x environment interactions and epistatic interactions were noted. To facilitate introgression of resistance genes into Finnish barley germplasm, genes for net blotch resistance were mapped and a gene for powdery mildew resistance was tagged with DNA-markers. Two genes controlling net blotch resistance in the Rolfi x CI9819 cross were found: one with a major effect on chromosome 6H and a second with a smaller epistatic effect on chromosome 5H. Information about QTLs underlying the genetic variation in agronomic traits can be utilized in barley breeding for mating design and selection. However, before using the putative QTLs in breeding, the exact locations and effects should be verified. Linked markers for net blotch and powdery mildew resistance may be used to speed up transfer of resistance from unadapted sources to the highly adapted elite Finnish barley germplasm.
Sociobiology and Monotony: On the Need for a Polyphonic Social Science

L iesen ' s wide-ranging article makes a compelling case that what sociobiology has to say about the differences between women and men has changed significantly since the 1970s, and that the substance of sociobiology's narrative of human mating and parenting behavior no longer needs to be seen as a threat by feminists. But it is a little troubling that this change seems to have come not from theoretical or methodological improvements in the science itself but via the emergence of women sociobiologists. If the number of women in the field were to decrease, should we expect a return to the portrayal of promiscuous and adventuresome males and nurturing and subordinate females? Unless there is some convincing way ofexplaining why the old errors were made, and how sociobiology has corrected the flaws that made them seem so persuasive in the first place, there is no reason for feminists or anyone else to be confident that the new picture will be any more lasting than the old. In Liesen's account, however, results and findings have changed but the theory has not, nor has the tendency of sociobiologists to treat their findings as ultimate and precise explanations for human conduct, as basic laws of behavior: they continue, in other words, to make the mistake identified by Masters (1989) 1 as that of implicitly modelling social science on Newtonian physics. The sociobiological program as Liesen presents it is every bit as rcductionist and deterministic as it was in the 1970s, even though its findings are no\v more egalitarian, less comforting to sexist stereotypes, and less offensive to the feminist agenda. The premise ofsociobiology is that many kinds ofhuman behavior can be made intelligible in terms of natural selection. Those traits and behaviors have been "selected" that have in the past maximized reproductive fitness; as a result, sociobiologists explain behavior in the present by treating it as if it were purposive, as if our actions reflected our ideas about what strategies will best achieve our basic goal of reproductive success. But as Liesen says, this attribution of