Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The Strong Distance Problems

Suppose G = (V,E) is a graph and D = (V,F) is a strong orientation of G. Let u,v ∈ V, the strong distance sd(u,v) is the minimum size of strong subdigraph of D containing u and v, the strong eccentricity se(u) is the maximum strong distance sd(u,v) between u and v for all v ∈ V. The strong radius and strong diameter of D is defined as the minimum and maximum se(u) for all u ∈ V, respectively. And for any graph G, the lower (upper) orientable strong radius srad(G) (SRAD(G)) defined as the minimum (maximum) strong radius srad(D) in all possible strong oriented graph D of G, respectively; the lower (upper) orientable strong diameter sdiam(G) (SDIAM(G)) is the minimum (maximum) strong diameter sdiam(D) in all possible strong orientation D of G, respectively. This paper gives some properties for this four values. Then for the Cartesian product G×H of any two graph G and H, we find two inequalities to obtained an upper bound of srad(G×H) and sdiam(G×H). At last, we gives the exact values of srad(G) and sdiam(G) for graph G be the hypercube graph BCn, the extension hypercube graphs ECn and FCn. keywords: strong radius, strong diameter, orientable, cartesian product, hypercube graph.
Automatic Power Regulation Based on an Asynchronous Activity Detection and its Application to ANOC Node Leakage Reduction

Asynchronous circuits are well-known for their benefits in terms of dynamic power savings, because asynchronous logic does not switch when inactive. Nevertheless, in deep-submicron technologies, leakage currents have become an increasing issue, and thus asynchronous circuits need to focus on static power consumption reduction. In this paper, we propose an innovative way to detect incoming asynchronous activity. Associated to an automatic power regulation, it efficiently reduces the supply voltage and thus both energy per op. and leakage currents. The proposed technique has been applied to an asynchronous network-on-chip node, and successfully implemented in a STM 65 nm technology.
Lymphocytic colitis: a distinct clinical entity? A clinicopathological confrontation of lymphocytic and collagenous colitis

BACKGROUND AND AIMS It is not known whether lymphocytic colitis and collagenous colitis represent different clinical entities or constitute part of a spectrum of disease. METHODS Detailed clinical features and histological findings were compared in a large series of patients with confirmed lymphocytic and collagenous colitis. RESULTS Histological diagnosis was confirmed in 96 patients with collagenous colitis and 80 with lymphocytic colitis. Twenty eight per cent of patients with collagenous colitis and 26% of patients with lymphocytic colitis had overlapping but less pronounced histological features. Both groups were equal in terms of age, use of aspirin and non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, associated autoimmune conditions, arthritis, diarrhoea, and abdominal pain. The male:female ratio was 27:73 for collagenous colitis and 45:55 for lymphocytic colitis (p=0.013). Twenty five per cent of patients with collagenous colitis compared with 14% of patients with lymphocytic colitis were active smokers; only 8.3% of patients with collagenous colitis had stopped smoking compared with 23% of patients with lymphocytic colitis (p=0.013). Drug induced disease was suspected for ticlopidine (two collagenous colitis, four lymphocytic colitis) and flutamide (four lymphocytic colitis). Mean duration of symptoms before diagnosis was two months for lymphocytic colitis and four months for collagenous colitis. Overall prognosis was generally mild; 84% of patients with lymphocytic colitis and 74% of patients with collagenous colitis reported resolution or significant improvement (p=0.033). CONCLUSIONS Collagenous and lymphocytic colitis are similar but not identical. Patients with lymphocytic colitis present somewhat earlier and are less likely to be active smokers. Symptoms are milder and more likely to disappear in lymphocytic colitis. Ticlopidine and flutamide should be added to the list of drugs inducing colitis.
Talking bananas: structural recursion for session types

Session types provide static guarantees that concurrent programs respect communication protocols. We give a novel account of recursive session types in the context of GV, a small concurrent extension of the linear λ-calculus. We extend GV with recursive types and catamorphisms, following the initial algebra semantics of recursion, and show that doing so naturally gives rise to recursive session types. We show that this principled approach to recursion resolves long-standing problems in the treatment of duality for recursive session types. We characterize the expressiveness of GV concurrency by giving a CPS translation to (non-concurrent) λ-calculus and proving that reduction in GV is simulated by full reduction in λ-calculus. This shows that GV remains terminating in the presence of positive recursive types, and that such arguments extend to other extensions of GV, such as polymorphism or non-linear types, by appeal to normalization results for sequential λ-calculi. We also show that GV remains deadlock free and deterministic in the presence of recursive types. Finally, we extend CP, a session-typed process calculus based on linear logic, with recursive types, and show that doing so preserves the connection between reduction in GV and cut elimination in CP.
The a-wave of the dark adapted electroretinogram in glaucomas: are photoreceptors affected?

AIMS To evaluate whether the a-wave of the dark adapted flash electroretinogram (ERG) is affected by glaucomatous damage. METHODS ERGs were recorded in 20 patients (age 33–65 years) with advanced glaucomas (primary and secondary open angle and low tension glaucomas) and 20 normals using a ganzfeld stimulus. After 30 minutes of dark adaptation and pupil dilatation to at least 7.5 mm in diameter, luminance response functions were obtained presenting white flashes of increasing scotopic luminance (the highest flash intensity being 9.4 cd/s/m2, the lowest being 5.75 log units below it) with an interflash interval of 5 seconds. For each scotopic luminance, the responses of four flashes were averaged. The a-wave's amplitude was measured at 10, 11, and 12 ms. Within the glaucoma group, correlations between the interocular differences of the a-wave's amplitude and the mean deviation of a static perimetry (Octopus 500 perimeter, program G1) were computed for all flash intensities. Between normals and glaucomas, the a-wave's amplitude was compared for all flash intensities (pairedt test). RESULTS Within the glaucoma group, the interocular differences of the a-wave's amplitudes correlated significantly with the differences of the MD for flash intensities of 9.4, 5.3, 1.7, and 0.5 cd/s/m2. The a-wave's amplitude was significantly lower in the glaucoma compared with the normal group (p <0.005) for flash intensities of 9.4 and 5.3 cd/s/m2. CONCLUSION These electrophysiological results imply that also the outer retinal structures, especially the photoreceptors, may be affected by glaucomatous damage.
Imaging performance of a-PET: a small animal PET camera

The evolution of positron emission tomography (PET) imaging for small animals has led to the development of dedicated PET scanner designs with high resolution and sensitivity. The animal PET scanner achieves these goals for imaging small animals such as mice and rats. The scanner uses a pixelated Anger-logic detector for discriminating 2 /spl times/ 2 /spl times/ 10 mm/sup 3/ crystals with 19-mm-diameter photomultiplier tubes. With a 19.7-cm ring diameter, the scanner has an axial length of 11.9 cm and operates exclusively in three-dimensional imaging mode, leading to very high sensitivity. Measurements show that the scanner design achieves a spatial resolution of 1.9 mm at the center of the field-of-view. Initially designed with gadolinium orthosilicate but changed to lutetium-yttrium orthosilicate, the scanner now achieves a sensitivity of 3.6% for a point source at the center of the field-of-view with an energy window of 250-665 keV. Iterative image reconstruction, together with accurate data corrections for scatter, random, and attenuation, are incorporated to achieve high-quality images and quantitative data. These results are demonstrated through our contrast recovery measurements as well as sample animal studies.
Computer Aided Database Design

For all DBMS-based software systems, a good database design is the key to perfonnance. Nevertheless the necessity to support this important task by adequate methods and comfortable tools has been neglected up to now. As a consequence at least one generation of computer progranuners fought the battle for necessary perf0J111anCe which was already lost in the beginning, lost by design. Facing this situation, GEMAP first developed a database design methodology called Inf01111ation Analysis. As database applications become more and more conunon and as they show increasing complexity today, GEMAP started the development of INFODlC, the GEMAP INFOnnation DICtionary, a tool for automatic database design based on Infonnation Analysis. This paper will present to you an overview of this development. The fust section outlines the basic concepts of our methodology, Information Analysis. The second section shows how the interactive components oflNFODlC support the infonnation analyst in entering and maintaining the infonllation structure. The third section covers the topic of consistency checks during all phases of Infonnation Analysis. The fourth section gives you an impression of the resulting table 1U1d index structures for a relational database. The final one contains an outlook on our plans, coming enhancements and futllre work.
On the design of a hybrid feedback control system for a nonholonomic car-like vehicle

This paper addresses the design of a hybrid feedback control system enabling a car-like, rectangular vehicle to perform a tight L-shaped turn maneuver. This case constitutes an effort towards the definition of a general purpose methodology for hybrid feedback control synthesis. The design effort encompasses the synthesis of a set of modalities and mechanisms to detect relevant events enabling the overall motion coordination so that a global goal is attempted. Simulations of the implemented controller have shown a strong robustness with respect to modeling uncertainty and execution errors.
A comparative study of electrospinning process for two different collectors: The effect of the collecting method on the nanofiber diameters

Humankind wonders about the functioning of the universe that uses the mathematics as a language to explain itself. Researchers have been trying to understand the mechanisms of the processing inputs and generating outputs, also known as causality or causal nexus, for a very long time in numerous areas, as subsets of the universe. When the relationship between the cause and the effect is not clearly and sufficiently understandable but intuitively existing, statistics help the scientists to receive more information about the process and beat the curiosity. In the last few decades electrospinning process with its character of covering different scientific branches is one of the most popular research areas and it has been extensively investigated due to the corresponding curiosity. The electrospinning process is defined with different aspects in a large number of publications by numerous researchers (Bognitzki et al., 2001, Ramakrishna et al., 2005, Cengiz et al., 2009, Luo et al., 2012). This quite simple basis of the process which uses an electrostatic field to draw fibers in micro or nanoscale from different solutions or melts is used in various versions (Mitchell and Sanders, 2006, Liu et al., 2008, Varabhas et al., 2009, Sarkar et al., 2010, Forward and Rutledge, 2012, Tong and Wang 2013, Jiang et al., 2015, Zhao et al., 2017, Rasel and Rizvi 2017, Ma et al., 2017, Xu et al., 2017). The influencing parameters of electrospinning can be considered in three main groups: Parameters of the solution or melt (concentration, viscosity, conductivity, surface tension etc.), parameters of the process (applied voltage, processing distance, flow rate etc.) and parameters of the surrounding environment (temperature, humidity, pressure *Department of Mechanical Engineering, Institute of Science, Bursa Uludag University, Gorukle, TR-16059 Bursa, Turkey E-mail: cavdar@fcb-arge.com **Department of Mechanical Engineering, Bursa Uludag University, Gorukle, TR-16059 Bursa, Turkey
PET study of the effects of valproate on dopamine D(2) receptors in neuroleptic- and mood-stabilizer-naive patients with nonpsychotic mania.

OBJECTIVE A previous study reported a higher than normal density of dopamine D(2) receptors in psychotic mania but not in nonpsychotic mania. The purpose of this study was to further examine D(2) receptor density in a larger sample of nonpsychotic manic patients by using positron emission tomography (PET) and [(11)C]raclopride. METHOD Thirteen neuroleptic- and mood- stabilizer-naive patients with DSM-IV mania without psychotic features and 14 healthy comparison subjects underwent [(11)C]raclopride PET scans. Of the 13 patients, 10 were treated with divalproex sodium monotherapy. PET scans were repeated 2-6 weeks after commencement of divalproex sodium. D(2) receptor binding potential was calculated by using a ratio method with the cerebellum as the reference region. RESULTS The [(11)C]raclopride D(2) binding potential was not significantly different in manic patients than in the comparison subjects in the striatum. Treatment with divalproex sodium had no significant effect on the [(11)C]raclopride D(2) binding potential in manic patients. There was no correlation between the D(2) binding potential and manic symptoms before or after treatment. CONCLUSIONS These results suggest that D(2) receptor density is not altered in nonpsychotic mania and that divalproex sodium treatment does not affect D(2) receptor availability.
Time trends in radiologists' interpretive performance at screening mammography from the community-based Breast Cancer Surveillance Consortium, 1996-2004.

PURPOSE To examine time trends in radiologists' interpretive performance at screening mammography between 1996 and 2004. MATERIALS AND METHODS All study procedures were institutional review board approved and HIPAA compliant. Data were collected on subsequent screening mammograms obtained from 1996 to 2004 in women aged 40-79 years who were followed up for 1 year for breast cancer. Recall rate, sensitivity, and specificity were examined annually. Generalized estimating equation (GEE) and random-effects models were used to test for linear trend. The area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC), tumor histologic findings, and size of the largest dimension or diameter of the tumor were also examined. RESULTS Data on 2,542,049 subsequent screening mammograms and 12,498 cancers diagnosed in the follow-up period were included in this study. Recall rate increased from 6.7% to 8.6%, sensitivity increased from 71.4% to 83.8%, and specificity decreased from 93.6% to 91.7%. In GEE models, adjusted odds ratios per calendar year were 1.04 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.02, 1.05) for recall rate, 1.09 (95% CI: 1.07. 1.12) for sensitivity, and 0.96 (95% CI: 0.95, 0.98) for specificity (P < .001 for all). Random-effects model results were similar. The AUC increased over time: 0.869 (95% CI: 0.861, 0.877) for 1996-1998, 0.884 (95% CI: 0.879, 0.890) for 1999-2001, and 0.891 (95% CI: 0.885, 0.896) for 2002-2004 (P < .001). Tumor histologic findings and size remained constant. CONCLUSION Recall rate and sensitivity for screening mammograms increased, whereas specificity decreased from 1996 to 2004 among women with a prior mammogram. This trend remained after accounting for risk factors. The net effect was an improvement in overall discrimination, a measure of the probability that a mammogram with cancer in the follow-up period has a higher Breast Imaging Reporting and Data System assessment category than does a mammogram without cancer in the follow-up period.
NONLINEAR ELASTOPLASTIC DEFORMATION OF A HOLLOW CYLINDRICAL SHELL OF FINITE LENGTH UNDER INFLUENCE OF INTERNAL PULSE LOADING

The process of nonlinear elastoplastic deformation of a hollow cylindrical shell of finite length under the influence of an internal axisymmetric load is investigated. Shell calculations were carried out for elastically and elastoplastic deformable models on the basis of the Kirchhoff-Love theory. A comparative evaluation of the methodology for the numerical solution of the problem is given. The influence of physicomechanical and structural characteristics, as well as the parameters of the acting load on the deformed state of the shell, is analyzed.
The Assimilation of Ureides in Shoot Tissues of Soybeans : 1. CHANGES IN ALLANTOINASE ACTIVITY AND UREIDE CONTENTS OF LEAVES AND FRUITS.

The ureides, allantoin and allantoic acid, are major forms of N transported from nodules to shoots in soybeans (Merr.). Little is known about the occurrence, localization, or properties of the enzymes involved in the assimilation of ureides in shoot tissues. We have examined the capacity of the shoot tissues to assimilate allantoin via allantoinase (EC 3.5.2.5) during leaf and fruit development in nodulated soybeans. Specific activity of allantoinase in leaves peaked during pod formation and early seed filling. In developing fruits allantoinase activity in the seeds was 2 to 4 times that in the pods when expressed on a fresh weight or organ basis. In seeds, the embryos contained the highest specific allantoinase activity. Stems and petioles also had appreciable allantoinase activity. With development, peaks in the amounts of allantoic acid, but not allantoin, were measured in both leaves and fruits suggesting that the assimilation of allantoic acid may be a limiting factor in ureide assimilation. Highest amounts of ureides were measured in the pith and xylem of stem tissues and in developing pod walls.
Jamming and overpacking fuzzy microgels: Deformation, interpenetration, and compression

Superresolution microscopy unravels the nanoscale properties of densely packed stimuli-responsive polymer microgels. Tuning the solubility of fuzzy polymer microgels by external triggers, such as temperature or pH, provides a unique mechanism for controlling the porosity and size of colloidal particles on the nanoscale. As a consequence, these smart microgel particles are being considered for applications ranging from viscosity modifiers and sensing to drug delivery and as models for the glass and the jamming transition. Despite their widespread use, little is known about how these soft particles adapt their shape and size under strong mechanical compression. We use a combination of precise labeling protocols and two-color superresolution microscopy to unravel the behavior of tracer microgels inside densely packed soft solids. We find that interpenetration and shape deformation are dominant until, in the highly overpacked state, this mechanism saturates and the only remaining way to further densify the system is by isotropic compression.
Optimal position control of ionic polymer metal composite using particle swarm optimization

Increasing research interest and immense development of electroactive polymers (EAP) has paved way for various micro positioning tasks and underwater applications. Ionic Polymer Metal Composite (IPMC) a subset of electroactive polymers encompasses a wide range of control applications. Open loop behavior of IPMC is often not repeatable and is always troublesome to maintain a constant specified tip-position in open loop. Also open loop response of IPMC is prone to a larger overshoot hence, an efficient closed loop IPMC control becomes evident for many high precision applications. In this article an optimal position control of IPMC based on Particle swarm optimization (PSO) technique is proposed. A comparative study of PI (Proportional integral) tuning parameters based on conventional Ziegler-Nichols (ZN) and PSO tuning technique is done. This comparative study accounts for various important step response characteristics like rise time, settling time and maximum overshoot. Ziegler-Nichols (ZN) tuned parameters ݇kp=22.24 and kl=1588.7 decreased the overshoot from 523% to 23.2% and reduced the settling time from 113s to 54.4ms. However the gain parameters ݇kp=668.0479 and ݇kl=1246.4 obtained from the Particle Swarm Optimization technique eliminated the overshoot and further reduced the settling time to 1.2ms successfully minimizing the closed loop error. Hence this study shows that PSO tuning technique is advantageous over conventional ZN method in estimating the optimal tuning parameters and thereby alleviating the system dynamic performance.
Quantifying Short-Range Chemical and Structural Order in Complex Oxides via Scanning Transmission Electron Microscopy.

CABRAL, MATTHEW JOHN. Quantifying Short-Range Chemical and Structural Order in Complex Oxides via Scanning Transmission Electron Microscopy. (Under the direction of James M. LeBeau and Elizabeth C. Dickey). Electron microscopy is a robust tool for characterizing a variety of materials from the micro to atomic scale. Specifically, scanning transmission electron microscopy (STEM) as continued to develop technologically with sub-Ångstrom resolution being commonplace. The resolution afforded by STEM imaging coupled with it’s accuracy and precision has made it an invaluable tool for characterizing atomic structure and chemistry of technologically important materials at the local scale. Material properties are a manifestation of their atomic arrangements and it is necessary to understand these structures in order to engineer next generation advanced materials. Relaxors and relaxor ferroelectrics are among the most technologically important materials, and have a wealth of applications. Despite their widespread use, the origin of their outstanding electromechanical properties is the subject of continued research. STEM offers the unique ability to probe these materials at the atomic scale and understand their complex chemical and structural make-up. In this work, aberration-corrected STEM imaging is used to identify chemical and structural correlations at nanometer length scales in the relaxor PMN and the relaxor ferroelectric PMN-PT. These materials are characterized by short-range chemical order and the existence of nanometer sized domains known as polar nanoregions. Despite extensive research effort, the interplay of these two nanoscale features has yet to be established. Further, recently developed A-site doped PMN-PT single crystals are also investigated. These materials exhibit ultrahigh piezoelectricity, which is believed to arise from structural heterogeneity in their atomic structures. Finally, X-ray diffuse scattering measurements are investigated for the relaxor PMN. Diffuse scattering is a technique that is used to elucidate deviations in a materials local structure from it’s global structure. The combination of information gained from both STEM imaging and diffuse scattering offers a unique opportunity to probe relaxors in both real and reciprocal space. Further, these techniques can be used to inform structural models that can be used to simulate both STEM images and diffuse scattering. © Copyright 2018 by Matthew John Cabral