Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Effects of Gamma Radiation on the Elastic Properties of Thulium Doped Zinc Borotellurite Glass

Effects of gamma radiation on the elastic properties of {[(TeO2)0.7(B2O3)0.3]0.7[ZnO]0.3}0.99{Tm2O3}0.01 (thulium doped zinc borotellurite glass) were investigated. Glass samples were prepared using the melt-quenching technique. Density and ultrasonic velocity of glasses before and after irradiation process were measured using Electronic Densimeter MD-300S and Ritec Ram-5000 Snap System, respectively. Next, elastic moduli and Poisson’s ratio of the glasses were calculated. Atomic ring size of the glass network was also calculated to support the attained results. Results show that density varied after radiation and maximised at 20 kGy. This is attributed to the breaking and rearrangement of chemical bonding in the glass network due to radiation. Furthermore, all elastic parameters exhibited an increasing trend that indicated the strengthening of the glass samples as well as increment of its rigidity. Besides that, atomic ring size was found to decrease as radiation dose increased. This indicate that compaction of glass network took place as the samples were exposed to gamma rays which in turn contributed to the elevation of elastic moduli of the prepared glass.
Clinical outcome of dental implants placed with high insertion torques (up to 176 Ncm).

BACKGROUND Primary stability can be improved by using a tapered implant in a slightly underprepared implant site. This may lead to high compression forces and elevated insertion torques. It has been postulated that disturbance of the local microcirculation may occur, leading to necrosis of the osteocytes and bone resorption. PURPOSE Report on the clinical outcome of 42 implants placed with an insertion torque equal or greater than 70 Ncm and evaluate bone levels around these implants. MATERIALS AND METHODS This prospective study included 48 patients treated with 66 4.5 mm diameter Tapered Screw-Vent implants (Zimmer Dental®, Carlsbad, CA, USA). Maximum insertion torque (MIT) was recorded with an electronic torque measuring device (Tohnichi® STC200CN, Hitachi, Tokyo, Japan). Nine implants (control group) presented MIT between 30 and 50 Ncm (mean = 37.1 Ncm) and 42 implants (experimental group) MIT greater than 70 Ncm (mean = 110.6 Ncm, range: 70.8-176 Ncm). Marginal bone levels were recorded at the time of loading and 1 year later for the two groups. RESULTS After 2-3 months of non-sumerged healing, all implants were clinically stable. Mean marginal bone resorption was 1.03 mm (SD = 0.44) for the control group (low torque) and 0.72 mm (SD = 0.56) for the experimental group (high torque) at time of loading, and 1.09 (SD = 0.62) and 1.24 mm (SD = 0.75), respectively, after 1 year. There were no significant differences between the two groups for bone stability and implant success rate. CONCLUSIONS The use of high insertion torques (up to 176 Ncm) did not prevent osseointegration. Marginal bone levels in the control and experimental groups were similar both at the time of loading and 1 year later.
Atomistic simulations of cross-slip nucleation at screw dislocation intersections in face-centered cubic nickel

The Escaig model for thermally activated cross-slip in face-centered cubic (fcc) materials assumes that cross-slip preferentially occurs at obstacles that produce large stress gradients on the Shockley partials of the screw dislocations. However, it is unclear as to the source, identity and concentration of such obstacles in single-phase fcc materials. Embedded atom potential, molecular-statics simulations of screw character dislocation intersections with 120 forest dislocations in fcc Ni are described that illustrate a mechanism for cross-slip nucleation. The simulations show how such intersections readily produce cross-slip nuclei and thus may be preferential sites for cross-slip. The energies of the dislocation intersection cores are estimated and it is shown that a partially cross-slipped configuration for the intersection is the most stable. In addition, simple threedimensional dislocation dynamics simulations accounting for Shockley partials are shown to qualitatively reproduce the atomistically determined core structures for the same dislocation intersections.
Hydrometallurgical Process for Selective Metals Recovery from Waste-Printed Circuit Boards

This paper presents an experimentally-proved hydrometallurgical process for selective metals recovery from the waste-printed circuit boards (WPCBs) using a combination of conventional and time-saving methods: leaching, cementation, precipitation, reduction and electrowinning. According to the results obtained in the laboratory tests, 92.4% Cu, 98.5% Pb, 96.8% Ag and over 99% Au could be selectively leached and recovered using mineral acids: sulfuric, nitric and aqua regia. Problematic tin recovery was addressed with comprehensive theoretical and experimental work, so 55.4% of Sn could be recovered through the novel physical method, which consists of two-step phase separation. Based on the results, an integral hydrometallurgical route for selective base and precious metals recovery though consecutive steps, (i) Cu, (ii) Sn, (iii) Pb and Ag, and (iv) Au, was developed. The route was tested at scaled-up laboratory level, confirming feasibility of the process and efficiencies of metals recovery. According to the obtained results, the proposed hydrometallurgical route represents an innovative and promising method for selective metals recovery from WPCBs, particularly applicable in small scale hydrometallurgical environments, focused on medium and high grade WPCBs recycling.
Unconventional function of an Achaete-Scute homolog as a terminal selector of nociceptive neuron identity

Proneural genes are among the most early-acting genes in nervous system development, instructing blast cells to commit to a neuronal fate. Drosophila Atonal and Achaete-Scute complex (AS-C) genes, as well as their vertebrate orthologs, are basic helix-loop-helix (bHLH) transcription factors with such proneural activity. We show here that a C. elegans AS-C homolog, hlh-4, functions in a fundamentally different manner. In the embryonic, larval, and adult nervous systems, hlh-4 is expressed exclusively in a single nociceptive neuron class, ADL, and its expression in ADL is maintained via transcriptional autoregulation throughout the life of the animal. However, in hlh-4 null mutants, the ADL neuron is generated and still appears neuronal in overall morphology and expression of panneuronal and pansensory features. Rather than acting as a proneural gene, we find that hlh-4 is required for the ADL neuron to function properly, to adopt its correct morphology, to express its unusually large repertoire of olfactory receptor–encoding genes, and to express other known features of terminal ADL identity, including neurotransmitter phenotype, neuropeptides, ion channels, and electrical synapse proteins. hlh-4 is sufficient to induce ADL identity features upon ectopic expression in other neuron types. The expression of ADL terminal identity features is directly controlled by HLH-4 via a phylogenetically conserved E-box motif, which, through bioinformatic analysis, we find to constitute a predictive feature of ADL-expressed terminal identity markers. The lineage that produces the ADL neuron was previously shown to require the conventional, transient proneural activity of another AS-C homolog, hlh-14, demonstrating sequential activities of distinct AS-C-type bHLH genes in neuronal specification. Taken together, we have defined here an unconventional function of an AS-C-type bHLH gene as a terminal selector of neuronal identity and we speculate that such function could be reflective of an ancestral function of an “ur-” bHLH gene.
Design of variable fractional-delay digital filters using weighted-least-squares singular-value-decomposition

This paper proposes a weighted-least-squares singular-value-decomposition (WLS-SVD) method and shows that the problem of designing one-dimensional (1-D) variable fractional-delay (VFD) digital filter can be elegantly reduced to the easier sub-problems that involve 1-D constant filter designs and 1-D polynomial approximations. By utilizing the WLS-SVD of the variable design specification, we prove that both 1-D constant filters and 1-D polynomials possess either symmetry or anti-symmetry simultaneously. Therefore, a VFD filter can be efficiently obtained by designing 1-D constant filters with symmetrical or anti-symmetrical coefficients and performing 1-D symmetrical or anti-symmetrical polynomial approximations. Our computer simulations have shown that the WLS-SVD design can achieve much higher design accuracy with significantly reduced filter complexity than the existing WLS design method.
Susceptibility Status and Resistance Mechanisms in Permethrin-Selected, Laboratory Susceptible and Field-Collected Aedes aegypti from Malaysia

This study is intended to provide a comprehensive characterization of the resistance mechanisms in the permethrin-selected (IMR-PSS) and laboratory susceptible (IMR-LS) Aedes aegypti strain from Malaysia. Both IMR-PSS and IMR-LS provide a standard model for use in assessing the pyrethroid resistance in field-collected strains collected from three dengue hotspots: the Taman Seri Bayu (TSB), the Flat Camar (FC), and the Taman Dahlia (TD). Two established methods for determining the resistance mechanisms of the pyrethroid are the quantification of detoxification enzymes via enzyme microassay and the nucleotide sequencing of the domain 2 region from segment 1 to 6 via classical polymerase chain reaction (PCR) amplification—were employed. Enzyme activities in IMR-LS served as the resistance threshold reference, providing a significant standard for comparison with IMR-PSS and other field-collected strains. The amino acids in the domain 2 region of voltage-gated sodium channel (Vgsc) of IMR-LS were served as the reference for detection of any changes of the knockdown resistance (kdr) alleles in IMR-PSS and field-collected strains. Studies clearly indicated that the IMR-LS was highly susceptible to insecticides, whilst the IMR-PSS was highly resistant to pyrethroids and conferred with two resistance mechanisms: the elevated oxidase enzyme activity and the altered target-site mutations. Mutations of V1023G alone, and the combination mutations of V1023G with S996P in IMR-PSS, as well as the in field-collected Aedes aegypti strain, indicate the spread of the (kdr) gene in Aedes aegypti, particularly in dengue-endemic areas in Malaysia.
ERASE-Seq: Leveraging replicate measurements to enhance ultralow frequency variant detection in NGS data

The accurate detection of ultralow allele frequency variants in DNA samples is of interest in both research and medical settings, particularly in liquid biopsies where cancer mutational status is monitored from circulating DNA. Next-generation sequencing (NGS) technologies employing molecular barcoding have shown promise but significant sensitivity and specificity improvements are still needed to detect mutations in a majority of patients before the metastatic stage. To address this we present analytical validation data for ERASE-Seq (Elimination of Recurrent Artifacts and Stochastic Errors), a method for accurate and sensitive detection of ultralow frequency DNA variants in NGS data. ERASE-Seq differs from previous methods by creating a robust statistical framework to utilize technical replicates in conjunction with background error modeling, providing a 10 to 100-fold reduction in false positive rates compared to published molecular barcoding methods. ERASE-Seq was tested using spiked human DNA mixtures with clinically realistic DNA input quantities to detect SNVs and indels between 0.05% and 1% allele frequency, the range commonly found in liquid biopsy samples. Variants were detected with greater than 90% sensitivity and a false positive rate below 0.1 calls per 10,000 possible variants. The approach represents a significant performance improvement compared to molecular barcoding methods and does not require changing molecular reagents.
Shopper Types and The Influence of Persuasive Strategies in E-Commerce

Identifying the shopper type of e-commerce users has been shown to help e-businesses better understand the attitude of their customers and what they look out for in their shopping decision-making process. However, applying the same influence strategy for all shopper types will not likely bring about the desired behavior change. Because influence strategies have higher efficacy when personalized, we propose a personalized approach to implementing influence strategies for the different shopper types by identifying what shopper type is susceptible to which influence strategy. To advance research in this area, we explore the influence of the commonly used shopper types convenience shopper, store oriented shopper, balanced buyer and variety seeker on Cialdini's six influence strategies (reciprocation, commitment, consensus, liking, authority and scarcity) in order to determine what shopper type has the greatest influence on each persuasive strategy. To achieve this, we conducted a study of 226 e-commerce shoppers and developed a path model using Partial Least Squares Structural Equation Modelling (PLS-SEM). We further carried out multi-group analysis between female and male shoppers. Our results suggest significant differences of the various shopper types’ susceptibility to the persuasive strategies. In particular, balanced buyer shopper type has the strongest influence on commitment persuasive strategy and insignificant effects on the other strategies. In addition, while the male variety seekers are susceptible to the influence strategy scarcity, the females are not. Similarly, while the female convenient shoppers are susceptible to the influence strategy scarcity, the males are not.
Mystical-type experiences occasioned by psilocybin mediate the attribution of personal meaning and spiritual significance 14 months later

Psilocybin has been used for centuries for religious purposes; however, little is known scientifically about its long-term effects. We previously reported the effects of a double-blind study evaluating the psychological effects of a high psilocybin dose. This report presents the 14-month follow-up and examines the relationship of the follow-up results to data obtained at screening and on drug session days. Participants were 36 hallucinogen-naïve adults reporting regular participation in religious/ spiritual activities. Oral psilocybin (30 mg/70 kg) was administered on one of two or three sessions, with methylphenidate (40 mg/70 kg) administered on the other session(s). During sessions, volunteers were encouraged to close their eyes and direct their attention inward. At the 14-month follow-up, 58% and 67%, respectively, of volunteers rated the psilocybin-occasioned experience as being among the five most personally meaningful and among the five most spiritually significant experiences of their lives; 64% indicated that the experience increased well-being or life satisfaction; 58% met criteria for having had a 'complete' mystical experience. Correlation and regression analyses indicated a central role of the mystical experience assessed on the session day in the high ratings of personal meaning and spiritual significance at follow-up. Of the measures of personality, affect, quality of life and spirituality assessed across the study, only a scale measuring mystical experience showed a difference from screening. When administered under supportive conditions, psilocybin occasioned experiences similar to spontaneously occurring mystical experiences that, at 14-month follow-up, were considered by volunteers to be among the most personally meaningful and spiritually significant of their lives.
The Ecology of Mating and Its Evolutionary Consequences in Seed Plants

Mating in seed plants arises from interactions between plant traits and the environmental and demographic context in which individuals reside. These interactions commonly cause nonrandom mating, including selfing and promiscuous outcrossing within local neighborhoods. Shared features of seed plants, specifically immobility, hermaphroditism, and modularity, shape the essential character of mating mediated by animals, wind, and water. In addition, diverse floral strategies promote cross- and self-mating, depending on environmental circumstances. Extrinsic ecological factors influence all stages of the mating process—pollination, pollen-tube growth, ovule fertilization—as well as seed development, determining offspring quantity and quality. Traditionally, measures of plant mating systems have focused on a single axis of variation, the maternal outcrossing rate. Instead, we argue for an expanded perspective encompassing mating portfolios, which include all offspring to which individuals contribute genetically.
The Tipping Point: Key Oncologic Imaging Findings Resulting in Critical Changes in the Management of Malignant Tumors of the Gastrointestinal Tract.

OBJECTIVE The purpose of this article is to review tumor staging systems for gastrointestinal tumors including pancreatic adenocarcinoma, hepatocellular carcinoma, cholangiocarcinoma, gastric adenocarcinoma, small bowel adenocarcinoma, rectal carcinoma, and anal carcinoma and identify the key imaging findings ("tipping points"), which change patient management based on changes in tumor staging. CONCLUSION For all malignant gastrointestinal tumors, there are key imaging findings ("tipping points") including tumor size, tumor extension, lymphadenopathy, vascular invasion, and distant metastasis that dictate patient management and prognosis, based on changes in tumor stage. In interpreting these imaging studies, radiologists should be cognizant of these "tipping points" to guide patient management.
An evaluation of selected (Q)SARs/expert systems for predicting skin sensitisation potential

Abstract Predictive testing to characterise substances for their skin sensitisation potential has historically been based on animal models such as the Local Lymph Node Assay (LLNA) and the Guinea Pig Maximisation Test (GPMT). In recent years, EU regulations, have provided a strong incentive to develop non-animal alternatives, such as expert systems software. Here we selected three different types of expert systems: VEGA (statistical), Derek Nexus (knowledge-based) and TIMES-SS (hybrid), and evaluated their performance using two large sets of animal data: one set of 1249 substances from eChemportal and a second set of 515 substances from NICEATM. A model was considered successful at predicting skin sensitisation potential if it had at least the same balanced accuracy as the LLNA and the GPMT had in predicting the other outcomes, which ranged from 79% to 86%. We found that the highest balanced accuracy of any of the expert systems evaluated was 65% when making global predictions. For substances within the domain of TIMES-SS, however, balanced accuracies for the two datasets were found to be 79% and 82%. In those cases where a chemical was within the TIMES-SS domain, the TIMES-SS skin sensitisation hazard prediction had the same confidence as the result from LLNA or GPMT.
Scalable attribute-aware network embedding with locality

Adding attributes for nodes to network embedding helps to improve the ability of the learned joint representation to depict features from topology and attributes simultaneously. Recent research on the joint embedding has exhibited a promising performance on a variety of tasks by jointly embedding the two spaces. However, due to the indispensable requirement of globality based information, present approaches contain a flaw of in-scalability. Here we propose \emph{SANE}, a scalable attribute-aware network embedding algorithm with locality, to learn the joint representation from topology and attributes. By enforcing the alignment of a local linear relationship between each node and its K-nearest neighbors in topology and attribute space, the joint embedding representations are more informative comparing with a single representation from topology or attributes alone. And we argue that the locality in \emph{SANE} is the key to learning the joint representation at scale. By using several real-world networks from diverse domains, We demonstrate the efficacy of \emph{SANE} in performance and scalability aspect. Overall, for performance on label classification, SANE successfully reaches up to the highest F1-score on most datasets, and even closer to the baseline method that needs label information as extra inputs, compared with other state-of-the-art joint representation algorithms. What's more, \emph{SANE} has an up to 71.4\% performance gain compared with the single topology-based algorithm. For scalability, we have demonstrated the linearly time complexity of \emph{SANE}. In addition, we intuitively observe that when the network size scales to 100,000 nodes, the "learning joint embedding" step of \emph{SANE} only takes $\approx10$ seconds.
Section Ii-exercise Physiology & Sports Medicine the Kinematic Control during the Backward Gait and Knee Proprioception: Insights from Lesions of the Anterior Cruciate Ligament

Authors submitted their contribution of the article to the editorial board. An already existing large volume of work on kinematics documents a reduction of step length during unusual gaits, such as backward walking. This is mainly explained in terms of modifications of some biomechanical properties. In the present study, we propose that the proprioceptive information from the knee may be involved in this change of motor strategy. Specifically, we show that a non-automated condition such as backward walking can elicit different motor strategies in subjects with reduced proprioceptive feedback after anterior cruciate ligament lesion (ACL). For this purpose, the kinematic parameters during forward and backward walking in subjects with ACL deficit were compared to two control groups: a group with intact ACL and a group with surgically reconstructed ACL. The knee proprioception was tested measuring the threshold for detection of passive knee motion. Subjects were asked to walk on a level treadmill at five different velocities (1-5km/h) in forward and backward direction, thereby calculating the cadence and step length. Results showed that forward walking parameters were largely unaffected in subjects with ACL damage. However, they failed to reduce step length during backward walking, a correction that was normally observed in all control subjects and in subjects with normal proprioceptive feedback after ACL reconstruction. The main result of the present study is that knee proprioception is an important signal used by the brain to reduce step length during the backward gait. This can have a significant impact on clinical evaluation and rehabilitation.