Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Cardiovascular risk factor profile of black Africans undergoing coronary angiography.

BACKGROUND Coronary artery disease (CAD) is a growing epidemic on the African continent. It remains uncertain whether the risk factors identified as contributing to CAD in white populations contribute to a similar extent to CAD incidence in black populations. No data of the local population exists that is based on the coronary angiogram (CA). OBJECTIVES To analyse the relationship of conventional cardiovascular risk factors with presence of CAD in black Africans. DESIGN This was a dual-armed study, consisting of retrospective and prospective comparative arms. SUBJECTS Black Africans who underwent coronary angiography. SETTING Nairobi Hospital, Cathereterization laboratory. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES The conventional risk factors: age, male gender, hypertension, obesity, smoking, diabetes mellitus, dyslipidaemia, alcohol use and interventricular septum (IVS) hypertrophy, as a marker of LVH. RESULTS One hundred and sixty nine patients fulfilled the inclusion criteria; 144 in the retrospective arm and 25 in the prospective. The larger retrospective arm showed that the group with CAD, compared to the normal group, was significantly older, with a higher mean age of 54.4 years compared to 49.8 years (P=0.005); had significantly more males, with a male to female ratio of 5.5:1 compared to 2.3:1 (P=0.045); had a very significantly larger proportion of diabetics (38.5% compared to 12%, P=0.0002), and also had a significantly larger proportion of patients with dyslipidaemia (67.3% compared to 35.9%, P=0.0003). The percentage of hypertensives was high in both groups, with (65.4%) in the CAD group and 62% in the Normal group being hypertensive (P=0.68). The percentage of smokers was small in both groups, being 15.4% and 13% respectively. Smoking, increased BMI, alcohol use, and increased IVS were each found to be distributed equally in both groups. In addition, the Waist hip ratio (WHR) and waist circumference (WC) did not differ significantly between the two groups studied. CONCLUSIONS The risk factors found to be most strongly associated with presence of angiographically-detected CAD in the population studied were diabetes mellitus, dyslipidaemia, age and male gender. There was a high prevalence of hypertension, with equal distribution in both groups under study; hence this risk factor was not discriminatory for CAD. There was a low prevalence of cigarette smoking in this particular study; it was not predictive of presence of CAD.
TOXIC EFFECT AND MECHANISMS OF NANOPARTICLES ON FRESHWATER INFUSORIA

Nanoparticle toxicology works toward establishing the hazard of nanoparticles, and therefore their potential risk, in light of the increased use of exposure. The current study was research proper characterization of the nanoparticles for understanding of their toxic effects and mechanisms at the cellular level. Dose and time as a main parameters is essential in hazard identification and risk assessment of nanomaterials. Material for the evaluation of toxic effects was used 20 samples of commercially available and laboratory preparations of metals and nanocarbon, divided into main groups: carbon nanoparticles, metal oxide nanoparticles and metal nanoparticles in different concentration. Fresh water infusoria stylonychia mytilus (wild strain) in exponential growth phase was used as the test object. Analysis of data on oxides of the metals showed higher toxicity than metal nanoparticles. In groups the maximum toxicity was observed in iron oxides (Fe3O4, Fe2O3), copper (CuO) and molybdenum (MoO3) (0,1; 0,025; 0,0125 М) after 24 hours of incubation with the test object Analysis of the effect of metal nanoparticles on the cells of infusoria showed that the maximum toxic effect was observed when exposed to Cu, Fe, Ag (0,025- 0,0015625 М). Statistical analyses showed a high correlation between concentration and time (P≤0,001). The issue of accessibility of nanomaterials released in the environment for living organisms has been poorly studied. The toxic effects of nanoparticles can be associated with their size and their physicochemical properties.
EgoCentric: Ego Networks for Knowledge-based Short Text Classification

Classification of short text messages is becoming more and more relevant in these years, where billion of users use online social networks to communicate with other people. Understanding message content can have a huge impact on many data analysis processes, ranging from the study of online social behavior to targeted advertisement, to security and privacy purposes. In this paper, we propose a new unsupervised knowledge-based classifier for short text messages, where each category is represented by an ego-network. A short text is classified into a category depending on how far its words are from the ego of that category. We show how this technique can be used both in single label and in multi-label classification, and how it outperforms the state of the art for short text messages classification.
Complaints of Poststroke Insomnia and Its Treatment with Mianserin

We assessed the prevalence and associations of symptoms of insomnia in patients with acute ischemic stroke, and evaluated whether mianserin as a sedative antidepressant is beneficial in the treatment of poststroke insomnia. One hundred consecutively hospitalized patients were randomized to receive 60 mg/day of mianserin (n = 51) or placebo for 1 year in a double-blind trial with a 6-month follow-up after the therapy. Symptoms of insomnia were assessed with the three insomnia-related items of the Hamilton Depression Scale; patients were defined as insomniacs if any of these items was positive. Complaints of insomnia occurred in 68% of patients on admission, and in 49% at 18 months, and they were as frequent in all subgroups of patients. From 2 months, symptoms of insomnia were associated independently with depression. Living alone before stroke (at 0 and 2 months) and age (at 12 months) were other independent predictors of insomnia. The rate of recovery as evaluated by the insomnia score was more rapid in patients on mianserin than in those on placebo. At 2 months, the scores were significantly different favoring mianserin treatment (1.3 vs. 0.8, p = 0.02). We conclude that insomnia is a common complaint after ischemic stroke. Mianserin had a beneficial influence on the recovery from symptoms of insomnia, even though the intensity of poststroke depression was low.
An event-based conceptual model for context-aware movement analysis

Current tracking technologies enable collection of data, describing movements of various kinds of objects, including people, animals, icebergs, vehicles, containers with goods and so on. Analysis of movement data is now a hot research topic. However, most of the suggested analysis methods deal with movement data alone. Little has been done to support the analysis of movement in its spatio-temporal context, which includes various spatial and temporal objects as well as diverse properties associated with spatial locations and time moments. Comprehensive analysis of movement requires detection and analysis of relations that occur between moving objects and elements of the context in the process of the movement. We suggest a conceptual model in which movement is considered as a combination of spatial events of diverse types and extents in space and time. Spatial and temporal relations occur between movement events and elements of the spatial and temporal contexts. The model gives a ground to a generic approach based on extraction of interesting events from trajectories and treating the events as independent objects. By means of a prototype implementation, we tested the approach on complex real data about movement of wild animals. The testing showed the validity of the approach.
Procrastination, temptations, and incentives: the struggle between the present and the future in procrastinators and the punctual

Two studies investigated the role of impulsivity in procrastinators' problems. In the first study, 147 freshmen completed questionnaires measuring the Big Five personality factors, a broad impulsivity scale, and Lay's general procrastination scale, and their perceptions concerning a compulsory course. The data revealed that procrastination was closely related to a lack of perseverance, that is, the inability to complete projects. This relation explained a large part of the well documented relation between conscientiousness and procrastination. In the second study, a subsample of these students was followed up during 11 weeks before their exams. They had to provide their study intentions and behaviour, the reasons why they failed to enact their intentions, and the perceived impact of studying on their final grade. The data revealed that all students tend to postpone the bulk of their study activities to the last week before an exam, and that this trend could nicely be described by a hyperbolic curve. The results also revealed that procrastinators postponed more of their intentions, mainly because of fun alternatives, but did not intend to study less or later. On the contrary, they even seemed to compensate for their vulnerability by formulating more intentions earlier. Procrastinators emerged as highly motivated students who lack the ability to ward off temptations and distractions during their studying activities. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Differential Alterations in Excitatory and Inhibitory Networks Involving Dentate Granule Cells Following Chronic Treatment with Distinct Classes of NMDAR Antagonists in Hippocampal Slice Cultures

Abstract : Excessive N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor (NMDAR) activation is thought to contribute to brain diseases including epilepsy. However, we showed previously that electrographic seizures involving dentate granule cells induced by a GABAAR antagonist (BMI, 10 micrometers) or removal of Mg2+ (0 mM) were significantly increased following chronic D-APV treatment and modestly increased following chronic memantine treatment. Conversely BMI- and 0 mM Mg2+-induced seizures were dramatically reduced following chronic Ro25,6981 treatment. The goal of this study was to investigate potential mechanisms underlying the differential effects of distinct classes of NMDAR antagonists on seizures. To accomplish this goal, whole-cell electrophysiological recordings and morphological techniques were utilized to examine changes in synaptic connectivity in granule cells from hippocampal slice cultures treated with different classes of NMDAR antagonists.
A Monetary Equilibrium Model with Transactions Costs

This paper presents the competitive equilibrium of an economy in which people hold money for transactions purposes. It studies both the steady states that result from different rates of monetary expansion and the effects of such non-steady-state events as an open-market operation. Even though the model features no uncertainty and perfect foresight, open-market operations affect aggregate output. In particular, a simultaneous increase in money and governmental holdings of capital temporarily raises aggregate capital and output while it lowers the real rate of interest on capital.
Relations of the c-myc gene and chromosome 8 in non-small cell lung cancer: analysis by fluorescence in situ hybridization.

BACKGROUND Amplification of the c-myc gene has been reported in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). We investigated the c-myc gene amplification and the numerical aberration of chromosome 8 by dual color fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) to evaluate the relation between possible genetic abnormalities, pathological factors and prognosis. METHODS Tumor tissue samples were obtained from 31 patients with NSCLC who underwent lobectomy with mediastinal lymph node dissection. Samples were analyzed by FISH using 8 alpha satellite DNA probe and c-myc gene cosmid probe. The relation between genetic abnormalities, pathological factors (T factor, tumor size, and N factor), and prognostic factors was evaluated by univariate and multivariate analysis, and by the Kaplan-Meier method and log-rank analysis. RESULTS Chromosome 8 aberrations were T1 (n=3), 44.0%; T2 (n=18), 35.7%; T3 (n=7), 40.0%; T4 (n=3), 39.7% (p=NS). The c-myc gene amplifications were T1, 54.3%; T2, 51.1%; T3, 51.0%; T4, 66.3% (p=NS). There was no difference between patients whose tumor was more than 5 cm (n=16), and 5 cm or less (n=15) in the rate of chromosome 8 aberration (39.3%: 36.3%), or the rate of the c-myc gene amplification (52.1%: 53.7%). N factors for chromosome 8 aberrations were N0 (n=18), 35.9%; and N2 (n=11), 44.9% (p=NS). In the c-myc gene amplification, there was a significant difference between N0 and N2 (48.6%, 61.3%, p=0.040). In univariate and multivariate analysis, chromosome 8 aberrations correlated with a poor prognosis (p=0.037 and p=0.041). The 5-year survival rate was 15.4% in patients whose rate of chromosome 8 aberrations was 40% or more (n=13), which was significantly less than that in patients with an aberration rate of less than 40% (n=19, 57.9%, p=0.014). CONCLUSION The c-myc gene amplification correlates with lymph node metastasis. Although there was no significant link between the amplification of the c-myc gene and clinical outcome, the numerical chromosome 8 aberrations was considered to be a factor for survival.
Perceiving Identity through Accent: Attitudes towards Non-Native Speakers and their Accents in English

This book explains how variation in the pronunciation of English can affect the development of attitudes towards the speaker. There have been concerns about positive and negative discrimination between people who speak with different accents. This book is one of the first to examine attitudes towards non-native speaker (NNS) accents of English which could lead to discrimination and it is the first to compare two different kinds of NNS accents of English (German and Greek). The main part of this book is based on a study which examined the effect of variation in Greek and German accents of English with varying degrees of influence from the first language (i.e. with ‘stronger’ and ‘weaker’ Greek and German accents). The aim of this study was to find out 1) what the general attitudes towards NNS accents of English are, 2) whether NNS of English feel a sense of solidarity with speakers from their own first language background and 3) what types of consonantal variation could influence attitudes towards NNS of English. In the first experiment, the attitudes towards these NNS accents of English are compared to attitudes towards native speaker (NS) accents of English. The results indicate that our listeners (who are German and Greek NNS of English and English NS) tend to assign high prestige to a Received Pronunciation (RP)-like NS accent. In general, NNS listeners do not consider their own NNS accent of English to reflect their identity and issues of status and prestige seem to be of more importance to them than aspects of solidarity with their own speaker group. In a further experiment, listeners from the same groups as before were asked to point out the ‘foreign’ sounding features of those speech stimuli of the NNS accents which received the lowest ratings in the previous experiment. The results reveal that variation in the realisation of /r/ and variation in sibilants (e.g. /s/, /z/) were most obvious to the listeners and seemed to influence the perception of the speaker. Further variation such as final devoicing and non-velarised /l/ in word-final and post-vocalic positions (e.g. the realisation of /l/ in “call” as opposed to “like”) were not detected by the listeners which could mean that listeners did not recognise these variations. In a final experiment, the aim was to find out whether the consonant features that were isolated in the previous experiment can influence attitudes. Overall, consonantal variations were more positively rated the more similar they were to the RP variants, indicating that the RP accent was the mental model that NNS accents were compared to. Additionally, the results show that variation in consonants was important beyond the intelligibility of accents since they directly influenced the perception of the speaker.
Minimally Invasive Distal Pancreatectomy: Review of the English Literature.

BACKGROUND Recently, the superiority of the minimally invasive approach, which results in a better cosmetic result, faster recovery, and shorter length of hospital stay, is a technique that has been progressively recognized as it has developed. And the minimally invasive approach has been applied to distal pancreatectomy (DP), which is a standard method for the treatment of benign, borderline, and part of malignant lesions of the pancreatic body and tail. This article aims to analyze the types, postoperative recovery, and outcomes of laparoscopic distal pancreatectomy (LDP). MATERIALS AND METHODS A systematic search of the scientific literature was performed using PubMed, EMBASE, online journals, and the Internet for all publications on LDP. Articles were selected if the abstract contained patients who underwent LDP for pancreatic diseases. All selected articles were reviewed and analyzed. RESULTS If there were no contraindications for LDP, this operation is suitable for benign, borderline, or malignant tumors of the pancreatic body and tail, which should try to be performed with preservation of the spleen. LDP is safe and feasible under some conditions to experienced surgeon. Single-incision laparoscopic distal pancreatectomy (S-LDP) and robotic laparoscopic distal pancreatectomy (R-LDP) perioperative outcomes are similar with conventional multi-incision laparoscopic distal pancreatectomy (C-LDP). And the advantages of S-LDP and R-LDP require further exploration. With the application of enhanced recovery program (ERP), length of hospital stay and costs are reduced. CONCLUSIONS LDP is safe and feasible under some conditions. Compared with open distal pancreatectomy, LDP has a lot of advantages; a trend was observed for LDP to replace traditional open surgery. LDP combined with ERP is expected to become standard in the treatment of pancreatic body and tail lesions.
Lipids Brain Cell and Tissue Recovery in Rats Made Deficient in n-3 Fatty Acids by Alteration of Dietary Fat 1

Rats were fed a purifieddiet containing either 1.5% sunflower oil [940 mg linoleic acid [18:2(n-6)]/100 g diet; 6 mg a-linolenic acid [18:3(n-3)]/100 g diet] or 1.9% soybean oil [940 mg 18:2(n-6)/l 00 g diet; 130 mg 18:3(n-3) 100 g diet]. In all cells and tissues examined 22:6(n-3) was lower and 22:5(n-6) was higher in rats fed sunflower oil than in rats fed soybean oil. Levels of 22:4(n6) and 20:4(n-6) were largely unaffected. Expressed as a percentage of that in soybean oil-fed rats, 22:6(n-3) in sunflower oil-fed rats was as follows: neurons, 49; astrocytes, 47; oligodendrocytes, 10; lung, 27; testes, 32; ret ina, 36; liver, 35 and kidneys, 45. Ten wk after the change in diet of 60-d-old rats from one containing sunflower oil to one containing soybean oil, the fatty acid composition of the brain cells had not reached control values, e.g., that obtained in animals continuously fed soybean oil; 22:6(n3) was 77, 65 and 80% of control levels for astrocytes, oligodendrocytes and neurons, respectively. In contrast, the recovery measured by the decay of 22:5(n-6) was com plete within 10 wk. For 22:6(n-3), it took approximately 2 wk for liver and kidney to recover to the control value, 3 wk for lung, 6 wk for retina and 10 wk for testes. The decrease of 22:5(n-6) was rapid: the control values were reached within 2 wk for kidney, liver and lung and within 6 wk for retina. Because the recovery of the content of 22:6(n3) by brain cells was very slow, the optimal ratio of longchain fatty acid precursors must be determined very care fully. J. Nutr. 119: 15-22, 1989.
Mitigation and Experiment on Neutron Induced Single-Event Upsets in SRAM-Based FPGAs

In order to study the Neutron induced single-event upsets (SEU) in SRAM-based FPGAs (SFPGAs), experiments have been conducted for validating its sensitivity. To increase the reliability of SFPGA designs in the presence of Neutron induced SEU, an analytical approach based on probabilistic transfer matrix (PTM) is introduced to estimate the relative reliability of designs mapped into SFPGAs. Moreover, the proposed method is able to obtain the error sensitivity rating of basic nodes in SFPGAs. Software is designed to implement the mitigation method. Results of neutron radiation experiment on a digital filter circuit design illustrate that impact induced by the neutron cannot be ignored, and partial triple modular redundancy (TMR) on the sensitive sub-circuits indicated by the proposed analysis method is effective for SEU mitigation with less area overhead than that of full TMR.
Adaptive Power Allocation for Double STTD System

This paper studies the receiver structure of double STTD system with 4×2 antenna configuration. A new scheme of adaptive power allocation for double STTD is proposed, which minimizes the mean BER of double STTD system. Simulation results show that the adaptive power allocation scheme outperforms significantly traditional equal power allocation for double STTD system.
Determinants of Fertility

Bargaining with reading habit is no need. Reading is not kind of something sold that you can take or not. It is a thing that will change your life to life better. It is the thing that will give you many things around the world and this universe, in the real world and here after. As what will be given by this determinants of fertility, how can you bargain with the thing that has many benefits for you?
A Third View of the Black Box: Cognitive Coherence in Legal Decision Making

This Article presents a novel body of research in cognitive psychology called coherence-based reasoning, which has thus far been published in journals of experimental psychology. This cognitive approach challenges the stalemated conflict between the Rationalist and Critical models of decision making that have dominated legal scholarship for over a century. The experimental findings demonstrate that many legal decisions fit into neither of these models. Based on a connectionist cognitive architecture, coherence-based reasoning shows that the decision-making process progresses bi-directionally: premises and facts both determine conclusions and are affected by them in return. A natural result of this cognitive process is a skewing of the premises and facts toward inflated support for the chosen decision. The Article applies this research to four important aspects of the trial. It argues that the current doctrine in these areas is based on misconceptions about human cognition, which lead to systematic legal errors. By identifying the cognitive phenomena that lie at the root of these failings, the research makes it possible to devise interventions and introduce procedures that reduce the risk of trial error.