Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
A multiprocess perspective on the neuroscience of emotion.

During the past century, neuroscientists and psychologists have viewed emotion through different lenses. According to many contemporary psychologists our emotions are a product of the way in which we interpret the world. On this view, the way we think about, or appraise, the significance of an event determines whether it will make us happy or sad, angry or glad. The same stimulus, such as your brother punching you in the arm, will have an entirely different meaning depending upon whether his action seems deliberately harmful or playfully affectionate. How you respond to his punch will be determined by how you interpret its' meaning. The goal of this research is to identify how appraisal patterns give rise to complexities of emotional experience, expression, and regulation (e. In contrast, neuroscientists have viewed emotions as expressions of inherited programs for action in specific situations that have been of importance to humans and related species for millions of years (e.g. Panksepp, 1998). On this view, complex emotions are learned responses to primary reinforcers that have been built on top of these simple and prepotent response tendencies (e.g. Rolls, 1999). The goal of research is to identify the neural systems responsible for the basic responses of fear, rage, disgust, affiliation, and so on. Although some researchers acknowledge that neural systems carry out some simple forms of appraisal (e.g. for fear, see LeDoux, 1996), by and large, neuroscience theories simply don't speak to the issue of how complex person-situation relationships determine what feelings will be elicited. Which view is correct? Are emotions the product of complex cognitive appraisals or are they the product of simple programs embedded in our genes and brains? This is the crux of the conflict between psychology and neuroscience as it traditionally has been understood, and debates Neuroscience of Emotion 2 over this and related issues have been the source of much consideration (for discussion see Ekman and Davidson, 1994; LeDoux, 1996). A complete account of emotion, however, should make reference to all levels of analysis, ranging from the feelings and behaviors associated with emotion to how they are computed at the neural level of brain structures and systems. The purpose of this chapter is to begin sketching a theoretical framework that bridges these levels. We begin with the view that this conflict is more apparent than real by arguing that psychological and neuroscience approaches are asking complimentary questions about emotion couched …
Combining Particle Filtering with Cricket System for Indoor Localization and Tracking Services

We describe the design, implementation and performance evaluation of a wireless sensor network based localization and tracking system, which can provide localization services in many of the pervasive computing applications. Our system uses non-linear Bayesian filtering to obtain accurate tracking results from noisy localization data. This allows high-accuracy tracking of non-linear motion even in the presence of non- Gaussian measurement noise, which is a significant improvement in generality compared to many state-of-the-art sensor network localization systems. Our prototype uses a combination of radio and ultrasound signals to obtain distance estimates necessary for the filtering process, although in principle any distance estimation technique can be used. We also describe improved outlier detection and post-calibration methods for enhancing the quality of the distance estimates obtained compared to earlier systems.
A 6 Degrees-of-Freedom Haptic Milling Simulator for Surgical Training of Vertebral Operations

In the research presented here, the aim has been to develop a haptic milling simulator for surgical training of vertebral operations. One central goal has been to create a simulator that gives the user a realistic impression of contacts with, and milling of, a virtually represented bone tissue model. A new 6 degrees-of-freedom haptic algorithm for milling is implemented together with new 6 degrees-of-freedom haptic device.
Analysis of the Mechanics of Die Drawing Polypropylene Through Strain Rate Controlled Dies

The die drawing of polymers in the solid state is now an established process for achieving molecular orientation in drawn products and an enhancement of their mechanical properties. A mechanics analysis is presented of the drawing of polypropylene through strain rate controlled dies, where the strain rate is either constant, increasing at a uniform rate or decreasing through the die. The stress in an element of material being drawn is determined from equilibrium considerations and application of the Tresca yield criterion. Flow stress data are deduced from uniaxial stress-strain-strain rate tests and applied to the problem using equivalent stress-strain concepts. Results are presented of axial stress, flow stress and die wall pressure throughout the dies and show that polypropylene can prematurely leave contact with the die wall, particularly in decreasing strain rate dies at high drawing speeds. Increased friction of the die wall and increased drawing speed cause this ‘loss of contact’ point to move progressively downstream in all die cases. Theoretically predicted drawing loads show acceptable agreement with experimental test results when low values of friction coefficient are assumed.
Heterogeneous reaction of NO2 on diesel soot particles.

Soot particles were collected from a diesel engine using a procedure that realistically mimics exhaust gas conditions in tailpipes and during dilution at room temperature. After being sampled, the particles were exposed to NO2 concentrations and relative humidity in ranges relevant for the troposphere using 13N as tracer. Gas-phase nitrous acid(HONO) and irreversibly bound (i.e., chemisorbed) species were the main reaction products with initial yields of 80-90% and about 10%, respectively. Neither NO nor HNO3 were detectable. The HONO formation increased with increasing engine load (i.e., with a decreasing air to fuel ratio, lambda). The reaction rates of HONO and chemisorbed NO2 increased with increasing NO2 concentration and did not depend on relative humidity. At the beginning of reaction, the uptake coefficient averaged over 3 min ranged from 5 x 10(-6) to 10(-5) for NO2 concentrations between 2 and 40 ppb. The HONO formation rates decreased with time, indicating consumption of reactive surface species, while the chemisorption rates remained almost constant. The total HONO formation potential of the particles was estimated to about 1.3 x 10(17) molecules/mg of diesel soot or to about 4.7 mg/kg of diesel fuel, indicating that the reaction between NO2 and diesel soot particles does not provide a significant secondary HONO source in the atmosphere. A Langmuir-Hinshelwood type reaction mechanism was proposed that adequately describes the observed results and also allows discussing important general features of reactions on soot.
Reasoning with Cardinal Directions: An Efficient Algorithm

Direction relations between extended spatial objects are important commonsense knowledge. Recently, Goyal and Egenhofer proposed a formal model, called Cardinal Direction Calculus (CDC), for representing direction relations between connected plane regions. CDC is perhaps the most expressive qualitative calculus for directional information, and has attracted increasing interest from areas such as artificial intelligence, geographical information science, and image retrieval. Given a network of CDC constraints, the consistency problem is deciding if the network is realizable by connected regions in the real plane. This paper provides a cubic algorithm for checking consistency of basic CDC constraint networks. As one by product, we also show that any consistent network of CDC constraints has a canonical realization in digital plane. The cubic algorithm can also been adapted to cope with disconnected regions, in which case the current best algorithm is of time complexity O(n5).
Epigenetics: Its Understanding Is Crucial to a Sustainable Healthcare System

Understanding the molecular impact of lifestyle factors has never been so important; a period in time where there are so many adults above retirement age has been previously unknown. As a species, our life expectancy is increasing yet the period of our lives where we enjoy good health is not expanding proportionately. Over the next 50 years we will need to almost double the percentage of GDP spent on health care, largely due to the increasing incidence of obesity related chronic diseases. A greater understanding and implementation of an integrated approach to health is required. Research exploring the impact of nutritional and exercise intervention on the epigenetically flexible genome is up front in terms of addressing healthy aging. Alongside this, we need a greater understanding of the interaction with our immune and nervous systems in preserving and maintaining health and cognition.
Spontaneous Growth of Whiskers on Tin Coatings: 20 Years of Observation

SummaryTin coatings and some tin alloy coatings from various plating baths and on several substrates have been kept under observation for spontaneous whisker growth for periods up to 20 years. A review of the results and of information obtained elsewhere suggests that, although assured immunity from whiskers may be difficult to achieve for pure tin coatings, the risks of growth can be greatly reduced by care in selection of type and thickness of coatings and of substrate, and by other measures. Thin coatings, plating on brass without an undercoat and departures from good plating practice all increase risk. Bright, as deposited, coatings are more susceptible than matt coatings although flow brightened or hot dipped coatings have a low risk. Post-plating heat treatment at 180–200°C is useful for some coatings. Alloy coatings are at much lower risk than pure tin coatings, with tinnickel (65% tin) immune and coatings containing lead providing a close approach to immunity.
Supervised Learning-Based Collaborative Filtering Using Market Basket Data for the Cold- Start Problem

The market basket data in the form of a binary user-item matrix or a binary item-user matrix can be modelled as a binary classification problem. The binary logistic regression approach tackles the binary classification problem, where principal components are predictor variables. If users or items are sparse in the training data, the binary classification problem can be considered as a cold-start problem. The binary logistic regression approach may not function appropriately if the principal components are inefficient for the cold-start problem. Assuming that the market basket data can also be considered as a special regression problem whose response is either 0 or 1, we propose three supervised learning approaches: random forest regression, random forest classification, and elastic net to tackle the cold-start problem, comparing the performance in a variety of experimental settings. The experimental results show that the proposed supervised learning approaches outperform the conventional approaches.
Construction of an open-access database that integrates cross-reference information from the transcriptome and proteome of immune cells

MOTIVATION Although a huge amount of mammalian genomic data does become publicly available, there are still hurdles for biologists to overcome before such data can be fully exploited. One of the challenges for gaining biological insight from genomic data has been the inability to cross-reference transcriptomic and proteomic data using a single informational platform. To address this, we constructed an open-access database that enabled us to cross-reference transcriptomic and proteomic data obtained from immune cells. RESULTS The database, named RefDIC (Reference genomics Database of Immune Cells), currently contains: (i) quantitative mRNA profiles for human and mouse immune cells/tissues obtained using Affymetrix GeneChip technology; (ii) quantitative protein profiles for mouse immune cells obtained using two-dimensional gel electrophoresis (2-DE) followed by image analysis and mass spectrometry and (iii) various visualization tools to cross-reference the mRNA and protein profiles of immune cells. RefDIC is the first open-access database for immunogenomics and serves as an important information-sharing platform, enabling a focused genomic approach in immunology. AVAILABILITY All raw data and information can be accessed from http://refdic.rcai. riken.jp/. The microarray data is also available at http://cibex.nig. ac.jp/ under CIBEX accession no. CBX19, and http://www.ebi. ac.uk/pride/ under PRIDE accession numbers 2354-2378 and 2414.
Is Structure Necessary for Modeling Argument Expectations in Distributional Semantics?

Despite the number of NLP studies dedicated to thematic fit estimation, little attention has been paid to the related task of composing and updating verb argument expectations. The few exceptions have mostly modeled this phenomenon with structured distributional models, implicitly assuming a similarly structured representation of events. Recent experimental evidence, however, suggests that human processing system could also exploit an unstructured "bag-of-arguments" type of event representation to predict upcoming input. In this paper, we re-implement a traditional structured model and adapt it to compare the different hypotheses concerning the degree of structure in our event knowledge, evaluating their relative performance in the task of the argument expectations update.
Crystallization and Characterization of an Inflammatory Lectin Purified from the Seeds of Dioclea wilsonii

DwL, a lectin extracted from the seeds of Dioclea wilsonii, is a metalloprotein with strong agglutinating activity against rabbit and ABO erythrocytes, inhibited by glucose and mannose. DwL was purified by affinity chromatography on a Sephadex G-50 column and ion exchange chromatography on a HiTrap SP XL column. SDS-PAGE revealed three electrophoretic bands corresponding to the α (25,634 ± 2 Da), β (12,873 ± 2 Da) and γ (12,779 ± 2 Da) chains. Protein sequencing was done by Tandem Mass Spectrometry. The primary sequence featured 237 amino acids and was highly homologous to other reported Diocleinae lectins. A complete X-ray dataset was collected at 2.0 Å for X-Man-complexed DWL crystals produced by the vapor diffusion method. The crystals were orthorhombic and belonged to the space group I222, with the unit-cell parameters a = 59.6, b = 67.9 and c = 109.0 Å. DWL differed in potency from other ConA-like lectins and was found to induce neutrophil migration in rats, making it particularly useful in structural/functional studies of this class of proteins.
Analysis of Numerical Errors

This paper provides a general framework for the quantitative analysis of stochastic dynamic models. We review convergence properties of some numerical algorithms and available methods to bound approximation errors. We then address convergence and accuracy properties of the simulated moments. Our purpose is to provide an asymptotic theory for the computation, simulation-based estimation, and testing of dynamic economies. The theoretical analysis is complemented with several illustrative examples. We study both optimal and non-optimal economies. Optimal economies generate smooth laws of motion defining Markov equilibria, and can be approximated by recursive methods with contractive properties. Non-optimal economies, however, lack existence of continuous Markov equilibria, and need to be computed by other algorithms with weaker approximation properties.
Manufacturing Influence on the Delamination Fracture Behavior of the T800H/3900-2 Carbon Fiber Reinforced Polymer Composites

‘Torayca’ T800H/3900-2 is the first material qualified on Boeing Material Specification (BMS 8-276) which utilizes the thermoplastic-particulate interlayer toughening technology. Two manufacturing processes, the autoclave process and the fast heating rated Quickstep™ process, were employed to cure this material. The Quickstep process is a unique composite production technology which utilizes the fast heat transfer rate of fluid to heat and cure polymer composite components. The manufacturing influence on the mode I delamination fracture toughness of laminates was investigated by performing double cantilever beam tests. The composite specimens fabricated by two processes exhibited dissimilar delamination resistance curves (R-curves) under mode I loading. The initial value of fracture toughness G IC–INIT was 564 J/m2 for the autoclave specimens and 527 J/m2 for the Quickstep specimens. However, the average propagation fracture toughness G IC–PROP was 783 J/m2 for the Quickstep specimens, which was 2.6 times of that for the autoclave specimens. The mechanism of fracture occurred during delamination was studied under scanning electron microscope (SEM). Three types of fracture were observed: the interlayer fracture, the interface fracture, and the intralaminar fracture. These three types of fracture played different roles in affecting the delamination resistance curves during the crack growth. More fiber bridging was found in the process of delamination for the Quickstep specimens. Better fiber/matrix adhesion was found in the Quickstep specimens by conducting indentation-debond tests.
Drought Stress and Root-Associated Bacterial Communities

Root-associated bacterial communities play a vital role in maintaining health of the plant host. These communities exist in complex relationships, where composition and abundance of community members is dependent on a number of factors such as local soil chemistry, plant genotype and phenotype, and perturbations in the surrounding abiotic environment. One common perturbation, drought, has been shown to have drastic effects on bacterial communities, yet little is understood about the underlying causes behind observed shifts in microbial abundance. As drought may affect root bacterial communities both directly by modulating moisture availability, as well as indirectly by altering soil chemistry and plant phenotypes, we provide a synthesis of observed trends in recent studies and discuss possible directions for future research that we hope will provide for more knowledgeable predictions about community responses to future drought events.
High Performance Fiber Reinforced Cement Composites

High Performance Fiber Reinforced Cement Composites (HPFRCC) are characterized by a stress-strain response in tension that exhibits strain-hardening behavior accompanied by multiple cracking, and related relatively large energy absorption capacity. This international workshop was the fourth in a series dealing with such composites. The first international workshop on HPFRCC was organized in Mainz, Germany, June 1991, under the auspices of RILEM and ACI. It was funded in part by US National Science Foundation (NSF) and by the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (the German NSF). Other cosponsors included ACBM, the University of Michigan, the University of Stuttgart and the Alexander von Humboldt foundation. The second workshop took place in Ann Arbor, Michigan, in June 1995, and the third in Mainz Germany, in June 1999. In each case hard-cover proceedings were published as a special RILEM publication. While the first workshop in 1991 included mostly US and German participants, subsequent workshops were opened to researchers from other countries. This last workshop assembled about sixty participants from eighteen countries, with essentially same sponsors and co-sponsors. Since the first workshop, continuous developments have occurred in new materials, processing, standardization, and in improved products for building and other structures. Also, enhanced theory and modeling of HPFRCC can now better describe their behavior and explain their reinforcing mechanisms. While the root definition of HPFRCC is simplest (that is to exhibit strain hardening and multiple cracking behavior in tension) to clearly differentiate them from other cement composites, this is not the only description of desirable performance. Durability, ductility, fire resistance, impact resistance, diffusion, imperviousness, and constructability at reasonable cost, are other important attributes that need to be further clarified. Additional sub-characterization for “deflection hardening” and “deflection softening” to reflect potential applications, has been defined. One feature of this last workshop, is that the organizers pre-selected lead topics they believed offer technical challenges at this time. The lead topics were: selfcompacting and self-consolidating FRC mixtures; fire resistance; impact and blast resistance; constitutive properties under reversed cyclic loading; modeling with discontinuous fibers; scale and size effects; and criteria for seismic applications. Other important topics included hybrid composites, modeling bond, and design recommendations by RILEM TC 162TDF.
Evaluation of the Antiproliferative Activity of the Leaves from Arctium lappa by a Bioassay-Guided Fractionation

Arctium lappa L. (Asteraceae) is used in folk medicine around the World, and shows several kinds of biological activity, particularly in vitro antitumor activity in different cell lines. This study evaluated the antiproliferative activity of the crude extract, semipurified fractions, and isolated compounds from the leaves of A. lappa, through bioassay-guided testing in Caco-2 cells. The crude extract was obtained with a 50% hydroethanolic extract and then partitioned with hexane, ethyl acetate, and n-butanol. The ethyl-acetate fraction (EAF) showed antiproliferative activity. This fraction was subjected to sequential column chromatography over silica gel to afford onopordopicrin (1), mixtures of 1 with dehydromelitensin-8-(4'-hydroxymethacrylate) (2), a mixture of 2 with dehydromelitensin (3), mixture of 1 with melitensin (4), dehydrovomifoliol (5), and loliolide (6). The compounds were identified by spectroscopic methods (NMR, MS) and comparison with literature data. This is the first description of compounds 2–5 from this species. The compounds tested in Caco-2 cells showed the following CC50 (µg/mL) values: 1: 19.7 ± 3.4, 1 with 2: 24.6 ± 1.5, 2 with 3: 27 ± 11.7, 1 with 4: 42 ± 13.1, 6 30 ± 6.2; compound 5 showed no activity.
Learning to Summarise Related Sentences

We cast multi-sentence compression as a structured prediction problem. Related sentences are represented by a word graph so that summaries constitute paths in the graph (Filippova, 2010). We devise a parameterised shortest path algorithm that can be written as a generalised linear model in a joint space of word graphs and compressions. We use a large-margin approach to adapt parameterised edge weights to the data such that the shortest path is identical to the desired summary. Decoding during training is performed in polynomial time using loss augmented inference. Empirically, we compare our approach to the state-of-the-art in graph-based multi-sentence compression and observe significant improvements of about 7% in ROUGE F-measure and 8% in BLEU score, respectively.
Thermotropic overheating protection glazings: effect of functional additives and processing conditions on the overheating protection performance

Abstract Within this study, the effect of functional additives and processing conditions on the overheating protection performance of thermotropic systems with fixed domains (TSFD) for overheating protection purposes was evaluated. The focus was on improving the overheating protection performance of a prototype TSFD based on a UV curable acrylate resin by optimization of the material constitution (addition of functional additives like surfactants and nucleating agents) and the processing conditions (temperature conditions during manufacturing, annealing). For the evaluated system, an effect of the nucleating agent on the overheating protection performance was ascertained. Furthermore, omission of an annealing step improved the overheating protection performance slightly.