Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Patrones del movimiento pélvico en pacientes con hemiplejía espástica

SUMMARY Introduction: Adequate treatment of pathologies that alter normal gait, for example, spastic encephalopaties such as cerebral palsy, require precise identification of their movement patterns and causes, in order to select the most effective treatment. Objective: To identify and characterize transverse plane kinematic patterns of the pelvis as a compensatory response to lower limb deformities in pediatric patients with spastic hemiplegias. Methods: 66 patients with spastic hemiplegia subtype motor dysfunction, from the Hospital Ortopedico Infantil (HOI) at Caracas, Venezuela, were studied between 1999 and 2004. A gait analysis was performed in each patient following the HOI's protocol. Deviations of pelvic movements were measured on all three planes to the kinematics gait patterns obtained, Measurements of foot progression and hip rotation (femoral anteversion) were achieved via clinical examination. Results: Movement patterns on spatial planes were obtained and characterized in terms of its deviations, then classified in four well- featured subtypes: Type I, Type II, Type III y Type IV. Special emphasis was placed on analysis of deviations in the transverse plane. Conclusions:Findings for sagital and coronal planes are consistent with those reported by the literature. However, movement patterns that are consistent with bone deformities in the ipsilateral limb were demonstrated for transverse plane, and the pelvic coping responses for that plane tend to maintain both feet aligned with the gait progression line. Arch Venez Pueric Pediatr 71 (2): 48 - 52
Stratomesospheric CO measured by a ground- based Fourier transform spectrometer over Poker Flat, Alaska: Comparisons with Odin/SMR and a 2-D model

The interseasonal variability of stratomesospheric CO is reported from Poker Flat, Alaska, using spectra from a ground-based Fourier Transform Spectrometer (gb-FTS) for the time period from 2000 to 2004. The CO spectra were analyzed using an optimal estimation technique that separates the tropospheric and stratospheric/mesospheric components into partial columns. The distribution of CO in the polar winter is such that the gb-FTS retrieved partial column is weighted to the mesosphere. The gb-FTS data are compared with measurements of partial column CO from the Sub-Millimeter Radiometer on board the Odin satellite and shown to be in very good agreement despite the relatively small sample size. The mean difference of the two data sets indicates a small positive bias (7.6 ± 6%) in favor of the Odin data, with a correlation coefficient, r2 = 0.91. The gb-FTS data indicate that there is a strong seasonal dependence of the CO partial column that is consistent with known winter polar thermospheric descent of CO enriched air. Year-to-year variability is explained in terms of mesospheric wind dynamics, which show 2004 and components of 2002 were affected by earlier than expected breakdown (30 ± 13 d) of the winter polar circulation compared with 2000 to 2003. Finally, the measured CO data is compared with a 2-D chemical transport model that gives support to the idea that springtime polar mesospheric CO is driven by meridional winds.
Leisure Participation Pattern of Residents in a New Chinese City

The leisure sector in Chinese cities has flourished in recent years. Lacking leisure studies could compromise resource supply and management. We explored urban residents’ participation in twenty-five leisure activities in Zhuhai, a newly developed city in south China. Leisure activities were classified into four groups based on consumption venue (intrahome and extrahome) and physical activities (passive and active). A face-to-face questionnaire survey included 850 households in seventy residential precincts chosen by a clustered sampling scheme, generating 598 valid questionnaires. Responses were solicited on participation level on weekdays and holidays, leisure time, leisure companions, leisure barriers, use of urban green spaces, and respondents’ socioeconomic profile. Multiple and logistic regressions were computed. Intrahome activities have higher participation rates than extrahome activities, and passive notably higher than active. The weekday leisure pattern is similar to holiday patterns despite more leisure time. Watching television, chatting with families or friends, and leisure reading are premier intrahome activities. Walking for leisure and shopping are the main extrahome engagements. Intrahome activities are more prominent among urban-based, homebound, passive-oriented, sedentary, and individualistic noninteractive types, with health implications. Middle-aged residents have less leisure time vis-à-vis young adults. Shortage of leisure resources and poor recreation venue management have created critical participation barriers. Residents prefer conveniently located and semiprivate neighborhood gardens embedded within residential developments rather than public sites. Young residents prefer to use urban parks, whereas middle-age and older residents prefer local sites. Cleanliness and other quality attributes are rated as key determinants for visiting green spaces. The results could inform future policies on leisure development in new Chinese cities.
Wind‐driven upwelling in the vicinity of Cape Finisterre, Spain

Observations and numerical simulations of upwelling along the Galician coast of Spain during April 1982 are presented. In situ measurements include shipboard determinations of hydrographic and biological parameters from a grid of stations covering the continental shelf from Cape Finisterre to Ria de Vigo, sea level data from Vigo and La Coruna, and wind stress estimates derived from the ship winds and from surface pressure charts. Sea surface temperature information and pigment concentration information have been obtained from a sequence of satellite images from the NOAA 7 advanced very high resolution radiometer and the Nimbus 7 coastal zone color scanner, respectively. Since the Cape Finisterre sector of the Iberian peninsula is characterized by an abrupt change in coastline orientation, wind-driven upwelling can occur in that region over a 270° range of wind direction. These data document the evolution of upwelling and the resultant coastal circulation in response to two wind events that occurred over a 10-day period. Salient features of the circulation include a southward coastal jet and a northward flow further offshore along the western coast. Numerical simulations of the coastal currents, the vertical excursion of a density interface from a static equilibrium position, and coastal sea level are conducted using a wind patch characterized by constant direction and negative curl. The simulations show that during these wind events, the greatest upwelling will occur either at Cape Finisterre or along the northern coast as was observed in this case and as has been reported by others. It is suggested on the basis of the analysis of the sea level records and on the numerical simulations that wave disturbances propagate northward along the coast at a speed of 120–160 km/day. Finally, it is speculated that much of the organic material formed during upwelling events north of the Cape Finisterre is advected out to sea northwest of the cape.
Can regional destinations really have a brand personality

Despite a growing body of work on destination branding in general, particularly at a country or nation level, there has been little investigation of whether or not tourists do attribute brand personality characteristics to tourism destinations or whether an emotional connection exists based on tourists' perceived self-image and the 'brand personality' of destinations. The aim of this study was to determine which elements of destination brands, if any, are included by tourists in their destination images. This aim was broken into three more specific research questions - Do tourists use brand personality characteristics in their destination images? Can tourists articulate an emotional response to a destination image? Do tourists make connections between destination images and their self-identity? The study involved a survey of tourists' perceptions of two branded regional tourism destinations - Cairns and the Whitsundays in Queensland, Australia. A total of 480 surveys were collected, with a response rate of 62%. Of the surveys collected, 464 were usable. The results suggested that tourists do not use personality characteristics very much in their unprompted verbal descriptions of destination images preferring to offer physical attributes and available activities. The most common emotional responses for both destinations fell into the pleasant, but not aroused category. A substantial proportion of the responses did not, however, fall into an emotional category. The last section of the analysis explored connections between destination images and tourists' self-identity using Sirgy and Su's (2000) measures of self-congruity. A relatively high number of respondents had difficulties using the scales to rate the two destinations. The answer to the overall aim in the present study was that most tourists could ascribe brand personality characteristics and describe emotional responses to destinations but a substantial minority (27%) could not.
Cenozoic uplift of the Central Andes in northern Chile and Bolivia - reconciling paleoaltimetry with the geological evolution

The Cenozoic geological evolution of the Central Andes, along two transects between ∼17.5°S and 21°S, is compared with paleo-topography, determined from published paleo-altimetry studies. Surface and rock uplift are quantified using simple 2-D models of crustal shortening and thickening, together with estimates of sedimentation, erosion, and magmatic addition. Prior to ∼25 Ma, during a phase of amagmatic flat-slab subduction, thick-skinned crustal shortening and thickening (nominal age of initiation ∼40 Ma) was focused in the Eastern and Western Cordilleras, separated by a broad basin up to 300 km wide and close to sea level, which today comprises the high Altiplano. Surface topography at this time in the Altiplano and the western margin of the Eastern Cordillera appears to be ∼1 km lower than anticipated from crustal thickening, which may be due to the pull-down effect of the subducted slab, coupled to the overlying lithosphere by a cold mantle wedge. Oligocene steepening of the subducted slab is indicat.
Drumlin formation by subglacial meltwater erosion

Some drumlins are shown to belong to a family of remnant erosional ridges associated with subglacial meltwater. The lengths of these ridges vary in scale from a few tens of millimetres to over 5 km. Similar form elements are illustrated for three scales of forms. It is concluded that some drumlins are composed of preexisting sediment or bedrock left upstanding in ridges as a result of the removal of surrounding materials. This erosional theory is related to an earlier theory in which drumlins are held to result from the infilling of subglacial cavities. The unifying factor for both theories is the role of sheets of subglacial meltwater.
Estimation of underground rivers in a tropical karst area by way of a multi-thematic study

This paper presents results of the estimation of underground rivers connecting the sinkholes and the resurgence of the Nam La blind river in the tropical, highly karstified limestone area of NW Vietnam. In the Nam La catchment, the Nam La River disappears underground in several sinkholes near the outlet of the catchment. A hypothesis is that the Nam La river resurges at a large cavern spring 4.5 km east of the catchment outlet. A multi- thematic study is carried out to prove possible connection between the sinkholes and the resurgence, including geostructural - tectonic analysis, cave structure analysis, hydrograph analyses and tracer experiments. Those underground rivers are used to better understand flooding records of the study area. The maximum water ponding volume in nearby dolines was estimated and shown to play an important role in the flooding mitigation of the catchment outlet area.
Volcanic and tectonic evolution of the Cascade Volcanic Arc, central Oregon

From 22 to 0 Ma, σ3 in the Cascade arc rotated clockwise from approximately N–S to E–W. σ1 rotated from subhorizontal to vertical at about 7 Ma, producing an extensional stress regime at 7–0 Ma. Rotation of σ1 and σ3 was likely a response to decreasing influence of ENE to NE compression at the Juan de Fuca plate-North American plate (JDFP-NAP) boundary relative to N-S compression and attendant continental extension produced at the Pacific plate (PP)-North American plate boundary. Decreases in orthogonal convergence rate, convergence angle, and length of the convergent margin relative to the NAP-PP transform boundary caused the stress rotations. Volcanic production decreased by a factor of 3 from the interval 35–17 Ma to 16.9–7.4 Ma, probably reflecting a decrease in convergence rate. Volcanic production increased at 7.4–0 Ma even though convergence rate continued to decrease. The extensional stress regime at 7–0 Ma promoted mafic volcanism that caused the increased volcanic production. Volcanic production is therefore a function of convergence rate and upper plate stress regime. The volcanic front migrated progressively eastward from 35 to 0 Ma as the volcanic belt narrowed. The narrowing was caused primarily by steepening slab dip at depths greater than 100 km. Eastward migration was likely caused by decreasing shallow (0–100 km) slab dip resulting from thinning of the NAP. Uplift of the Western Cascades province in the early Pliocene may have been caused by vigorous flow into the mantle wedge accommodating an increase of free rollback rate of the subducted plate at 4 Ma.
Methanogen Biomarkers in the Discontinuous Permafrost Zone of Stordalen, Sweden

Permafrost peatlands are both an important source of atmospheric CH4 and a substantial sink for atmospheric CO2. Climate change can affect this balance, with higher temperatures resulting in the conversion of permafrost soils to wetlands and associated accelerated mineralisation and increased CH4 emission. To better understand the impact of such processes on methanogen populations, we investigated the anaerobic decay of soil carbon in a low Arctic, discontinuous permafrost peatland. Cores were collected monthly from sedge and Sphagnum mires in north Sweden during the summer of 2006. We determined CH4 concentrations and production potentials, together with variations in the size of the methanogenic community as indicated by concentrations of archaeal lipid biomarkers (phosphorylated archaeol, archaeol and hydroxyarchaeol). Concentrations of methanogen biomarkers generally were higher at the sedge site, increased with depth for all sites and months, and were usually below the detection limits in shallow (<10 cm) Sphagnum peat. The distribution of biomarkers reflects the strong influence of water table depth on anaerobic conditions and methanogen populations, while differences in biomarker concentrations can be explained by differences in vegetation cover and pH. However, methanogen populations inferred from biomarker data show a decoupling from in‐situ CH4 production over the season and from CH4 production potential, suggesting that other factors such as the availability of labile organic substrates can influence methanogen abundance. Archaeal lipid biomarkers appear to offer a potential new means to investigate permafrost biogeochemical processes but the interpretation of signals remains complex. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Modelling summer and winter droughts as a basis for estimating river low flows.

An approach is presented towards modelling low flow characteristics from basin characteristics based on seasonalities which, ultimately, can be used for estimating design values for ungauged sites. The main idea behind this approach is that summer and winter droughts are related to important differences in underlying physical processes. Consistent modelling of low flows therefore should be based on a separation into groups with similar seasonality. Different methods for detecting regional seasonality patterns have been applied to data from 57 monitored basins in Upper Austria. Results indicate a clear spatial separation between stations with typical summer and winter seasonality depending on altitude. For modelling nonlinear relationships, interactions and discontinuous patterns, regression tree modelling is proposed and appears to be more appropriate then multiple regression.
I comunisti pugliesi negli anni del «compromesso storico»

IT La «svolta democratica» e la proposta di «compromesso storico», che segnarono l’inizio della segreteria di Enrico Berlinguer nei primi anni Settanta, posero le periferie del PCI di fronte al compito di rielaborare e declinare la strategia del partito sul territorio. Assumendo la regione Puglia quale caso di studio, il contributo interpreta tempi e modi della circolazione della linea politica dal centro alle federazioni provinciali e ai quadri di base. L’indagine svela che lo studio del partito su scala territoriale consente di individuare e dare significato ad alcune cause della storia del PCI fra gli anni Settanta e i primi anni Ottanta. In particolare, il contributo rivela come resistenze e incomprensioni sulla strategia del «compromesso storico» presenti nelle periferie del partito, le criticita emerse nelle organizzazioni locali in seguito all’avanzata comunista nelle elezioni regionali e amministrative di meta anni Settanta, e l’andamento delle «intese democratiche», che svilupparono nelle amministrazioni locali le convergenze politiche dei governi di «solidarieta nazionale», abbiano concorso al fallimento e alla revisione della strategia berlingueriana all’inizio degli anni Ottanta. La ricerca si e avvalsa della documentazione d’archivio del PCI, della consultazione della stampa e di dati quantitativi sull’insediamento del partito e sul voto, aggregati e rappresentati in grafici e cartografie. EN «Democratic change» and «historic compromise» were the hallmarks of the initial phase of Enrico Berlinguer’s tenure as party secretary in the early 70s. The PCI’s local exponents were tasked with reviewing and implementing the party strategy at local level. Taking Apulia as an example, the study looks at the means and the timeframe for political strategy implementation from the party’s core down to provincial federations and the grass-roots level. This analysis reveals that studying the party’s regional dimension sheds light on and reveals the importance of several events which shaped the PCI in the 70s and early 80s. It transpires that there was resistance to and misunderstanding of the «historic compromise» amongst local exponents and critical issues emerged within local organisations following communist gains in regional and local elections in the mid-70s. Furthermore, «democratic cooperation» which developed within local governments formed the basis of convergence policies implemented by «national solidarity» governments but led to the failure and reworking of Berlinguer’s strategy in the early 1980s. The study looked at documents located in the PCI archive, press articles and quantitative data on the party’s support base and election results, aggregated and presented in graph and map form.
Estimates of Medical Expenditures from the Medical Expenditure Panel Survey: Gains in Precision from Combining Consecutive Years of Data

The Medical Expenditure Panel Survey (MEPS) is a complex national probability survey of the civilian noninstitutionalized population that has been conducted on an annual basis since 1996 by the Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality (AHRQ). One of the primary purposes of the survey is to collect data that can be used to analyze national medical expenditures (i.e. the amount paid for health care services). In addition to the complex sample design (i.e. stratification, clustering, weighting), factors that affect the precision of MEPS estimates of medical expenditures include the sample sizes for the analytic subgroups of interest and the highly skewed distribution of medical expenses (e.g. in 1996 the top 1 percent of the population accounted for 27 percent of aggregate expenditures, see Berk and Monheit, 2001). As a consequence of these factors, some point estimates for particular subgroups of the population may show substantial fluctuations from one year to the next that are not statistically significant. MEPS data can be combined across years to improve the precision of estimates and expand the types of analyses possible. This paper uses selected examples based on data from the first few years of MEPS to illustrate the extent to which gains in precision can be achieved by combining consecutive years of data. Analytic and methodological considerations when combining MEPS data across years are also discussed.
Regional seismic event location with a sparse network: Application to eastern Kazakhstan, USSR

Three-component data from a sparse three-station seismic network in eastern Kazakhstan, surrounding the Soviet nuclear test site, have been analyzed to determine location estimates for regional events recorded by two or three stations. Included among these events are the September 1987 chemical explosions whose locations are known. Locations are calculated using arrival times of P and S phases and arrival azimuths from first P. Location uncertainties are estimated using a combination of a priori and a posteriori data uncertainties. A layered P wave velocity model adapted from Soviet Deep Seismic Sounding surveys is employed for calculating travel times, and two S models are tried. Location results for the chemical explosions are excellent, even if only two stations are used: absolute location errors are less than 10 km, and estimated 90% confidence uncertainties are only a few kilometers. The data are also adequate to determine correctly their depth (i.e., focus at the surface). The other regional events include numerous suspected mine blasts and two earthquakes from the Tien Shan. The calculated locations of the latter events agree well with a teleseismic location for one of them, falling within a belt of regular seismic activity. Nearly all of the presumed blasts can be associated with mapped mines, and we have been able to identify the source areas for two sets of blasts in high-resolution satellite images. “Before and after” photographs allow us to identify specific active mines. Our location estimates agree quite well with the observed active mines.
Statistical framework for evaluation of climate model simulations by use of climate proxy data from the last millennium - Part 1: Theory

A statistical framework for comparing the output of ensemble simulations from global climate models with networks of climate proxy and instrumental records has been developed, focusing on near-surface temperatures for the last millennium. This framework includes the formulation of a joint statistical model for proxy data, instrumental data and simulation data, which is used to optimize a quadratic distance measure for ranking climate model simulations. An essential underlying assumption is that the simulations and the proxy/instrumental series have a shared component of variability that is due to temporal changes in external forcing, such as volcanic aerosol load, solar irradiance or greenhouse gas concentrations. Two statistical tests have been formulated. Firstly, a preliminary test establishes whether a significant temporal correlation exists between instrumental/proxy and simulation data. Secondly, the distance measure is expressed in the form of a test statistic of whether a forced simulation is closer to the instrumental/proxy series than unforced simulations. The proposed framework allows any number of proxy locations to be used jointly, with different seasons, record lengths and statistical precision. The goal is to objectively rank several competing climate model simulations (e.g. with alternative model parameterizations or alternative forcing histories) by means of their goodness of fit to the unobservable true past climate variations, as estimated from noisy proxy data and instrumental observations.