Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Enabling the discovery of recurring anomalies in aerospace problem reports using high-dimensional clustering techniques

This paper describes the results of a significant research and development effort conducted at NASA Ames Research Center to develop new text mining algorithms to discover anomalies in free-text reports regarding system health and safety of two aerospace systems. We discuss two problems of significant import in the aviation industry. The first problem is that of automatic anomaly discovery concerning an aerospace system through the analysis of tens of thousands of free-text problem reports that are written about the system. The second problem that we address is that of automatic discovery of recurring anomalies, i.e., anomalies that may be described in different ways by different authors, at varying times and under varying conditions, but that are truly about the same part of the system. The intent of recurring anomaly identification is to determine project or system weakness or high-risk issues. The discovery of recurring anomalies is a key goal in building safe, reliable, and cost-effective aerospace systems. We address the anomaly discovery problem on thousands of free-text reports using two strategies: (1) as an unsupervised learning problem where an algorithm takes free-text reports as input and automatically groups them into different bins, where each bin corresponds to a different unknown anomaly category; and (2) as a supervised learning problem where the algorithm classifies the free-text reports into one of a number of known anomaly categories. We then discuss the application of these methods to the problem of discovering recurring anomalies. In fact, because recurring anomalies tend to have very small cluster sizes, we explore new methods and measures to enhance the original approach for anomaly detection. We present our results on the identification of recurring anomalies in problem reports concerning two aerospace systems as well as benchmark data sets that are widely used in the field of text mining. The first system is the Aviation Safety Reporting System (ASRS) database, which contains several hundred-thousand free text reports filed by commercial pilots concerning safety issues on commercial airlines. The second aerospace system we analyze is the NASA Space Shuttle problem reports as represented in the CARS data set, which consists of 7440 NASA Shuttle problem reports. We show significant classification accuracies on both of these systems as well as compare our results with reports classified into anomaly categories by field experts
Memory and Language Beyond salience : Interpretation of personal and demonstrative pronouns q

Three experiments examined the hypothesis that it preferentially refers to the most salient entity in a discourse, whereas that preferentially refers to a conceptual composite. In Experiment 1, eye movements were monitored as participants followed spoken instructions such as, Put the cup on the saucer. Now put it/that. The preferred referent was the theme (cup) for it and the composite for that (cup on the saucer) with the goal (saucer) rarely chosen. Experiment 2 demonstrated that stressing it reduces the number of theme interpretations. Experiment 3 replicated the main findings from Experiment 1, regardless of whether or not the theme was the backward-looking center. The authors conclude that entities without linguistic antecedents are sometimes preferred over entities with linguistic antecedents and a single construct such as salience is insufficient to account for differences among referential forms. Candidate reference-specific constructs include the availability of conceptual composites and syntactic role. 2005 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
Image Libraries and the Internet Applications and Requirements Images on the Internet Today Image Searching: Viable Strategies High Web Sales Fortune Major Uni-major Ee Traffic 500 Versities Departments All Portals Pixel-based Search Other Directions the Future

echnology advances in two areas — computers and communications networks — have helped create the Internet of today. New technology may create a next-generation Internet (NGI) that will bring changes even more dramatic than those of recent years. The Internet is arguably the most widely used information utility today, yet Internet Web pages and browsers have only existed for a few years. Institutions routinely digitize their information sources and mount them a few clicks away from their users. The diversity of information ranges from historical stock market data (pure numbers plus analysis tools) to the full text of documents plus the images and equations on those pages. In 1990 could we have seen where we would be at the end of the decade? Where is technology taking us now? Will we move as rapidly in the next few years as we have in the past few? The key to understanding the future is understanding the forces that drive the change. The Internet is here today because advances on several fronts make it possible, and it serves a basic need. The core technical advance came in the change from analog to digital communications together with the digitization of sound and images. In recent years we have seen the birth of a new industry based on information, with the digital library at the heart of that industry. It grew because information is a commodity of value. Data collections, indices, and data access tools add value to raw information, and are key ingredients of the information industry. The Internet, with its associated search engines, browsers, and hyperlinked Web pages, is the great enabler because it provides universal access to digital libraries. The Internet today contains a substantial variety of collections, including patents, transportation schedules, financial data, and full texts of professional journals of major societies. The Internet has only whetted our appetite in many areas, but in several, particularly those related to imaging, our capabilities today are primitive and give us only a small fraction of the power we desire. What kinds of functions do we need for dealing with image libraries? What technology trends hold the most promise for supporting these functions? We show that images constitute a major fraction of the bytes transmitted today, and postulate that the fraction will grow in the future. Commercial tools for accessing images tend to be descriptor-based today, which represents a major step forward, but …
Low-Complexity Stochastic Gradient Pursuit Algorithm and Architecture for Robust Compressive Sensing Reconstruction

Compressive sensing (CS) is able to measure sparse signals with fewer measurements than Nyquist rate. The reconstruction of sparse signals in CS is an underdetermined problem. For realistic applications, the sparsity information may not be available, the measurements are used to be disturbed by noise, and efficient hardware realization is important. Existing CS reconstruction algorithms are tradeoff between noise tolerance and low complexity. In this paper, we propose a novel reconstruction algorithm called stochastic gradient pursuit (SGP). The stochastic gradient approach is applied to replace least square process of well-known orthogonal matching pursuit (OMP) algorithm. Since stochastic gradient approach iterates toward a minimum mean square error solution, proposed algorithm shows robustness against noise. Furthermore, proposed algorithm inherits the low-complexity property of OMP and shows feasibility of hardware implementation. The SGP algorithm can achieve 36% higher success rate as well as 27% less complexity than OMP when SNR is 20 dB. Finally, we implement the algorithm with designed hardware sharing architecture in TSMC 90 nm technology. The postlayout result shows that the core size is only 1.08 mm 2 at 150 MHz operation frequency. Compared with state-of-the-art ASIC designs, the proposed engine achieves 29% higher throughput-to-area ratio.
Geophysicae Satellite remote sensing of a low-salinity water plume in the East China Sea

With the aim to map and monitor a low-salinity water (LSW) plume in the East China Sea (ECS), we developed more robust and proper regional algorithms from large in-situ measurements of apparent and inherent optical properties (i.e. remote sensing reflectance, Rrs , and absorption coefficient of coloured dissolved organic matter, aCDOM) determined in ECS and neighboring waters. Using the above data sets, we derived the following relationships between visible Rrs and absorption by CDOM, i.e. Rrs (412)/Rrs (555) vs.aCDOM (400) (m−1) andaCDOM (412) (m−1) with a correlation coefficientR2 0.67 greater than those noted for Rrs (443)/Rrs (555) andRrs (490)/Rrs (555) vs.aCDOM (400) (m−1) and aCDOM (412) (m−1). Determination ofaCDOM (m−1) at 400 nm and 412 nm is particularly necessary to describe its absorption as a function of wavelength λ using a single exponential model in which the spectral slope S as a proxy for CDOM composition is estimated by the ratio of aCDOM at 412 nm and 400 nm and the reference is explained simply byaCDOM at 412 nm. In order to derive salinity from the absorption coefficient of CDOM, in-situ measurements of salinity made in a wide range of water types from dense oceanic to light estuarine/coastal systems were used along with in-situ measurements of aCDOM at 400 nm, 412 nm, 443 nm and 490 nm. The CDOM absorption at 400 nm was better inversely correlated ( R2=0.86) with salinity than at 412 nm, 443 nm and 490 nm ( R2=0.85–0.66), and this correlation corresponded best with an exponential ( R2=0.98) rather than a linear function of salinity measured in a variety of water types from this and other regions. Validation against a discrete in-situ data set showed that empirical algorithms derived from the above relationships could be successfully applied to satellite data over the range of water types for which they have been developed. Thus, we applied these algorithms to a series of SeaWiFS images for the derivation Correspondence to: P. Shanmugam (pshanmugam90@hotmail.com) of CDOM and salinity in the context of operational mapping and monitoring of the springtime evolution of LSW plume in the ECS. The results were very encouraging and showed interesting features in surface CDOM and salinity fields in the vicinity of the Yangtze River estuary and its offshore domains, when a regional atmospheric correction (SSMM) was employed instead of the standard (global) SeaWiFS algorithm (SAC) which revealed large errors around the edges of clouds/aerosols while masking out the nearshore areas. Nevertheless, there was good consistency between these two atmospheric correction algorithms over the relatively clear regions with a mean difference of 0.009 in aCDOM (400) (m−1) and 0.096 in salinity (psu). This study suggests the possible utilization of satellite remote sensing to assess CDOM and salinity and thus provides great potential in advancing our knowledge of the shelf-slope evolution and migration of the LSW plume properties in the ECS.
Human-Friendly Interaction in Intelligent Sweet Home

This paper discusses some important issues of interaction in the “Intelligent Sweet Home” which is an on-going project on a smart house. Various forms of man-machine interaction frequently occur in the house mainly by means of three subsystems: hand pointing/gesture recognition subsystem, a set of multiple robotic agents, and a virtual environment as a model of the house. In the virtual environment, the status of the real system of varying configuration is recorded. By means of the user’s hand pointing/gesture, various virtual robot agents can be controlled, and then the real robotic systems in other places can be simultaneously operated. If the users in different places interact with each other by using this human-friendly interaction, they may feel that they are in the same place and may operate the same robotic agents together. This paper shows our initial results focused on the recognition system, and then presents the future research direction on humanfriendly interaction in the Intelligent Sweet Home.
Load distributing for locally distributed systems

The problem of judiciously and transparently redistributing the load of the system among its nodes so that overall performance is maximized is discussed. Several key issues in load distributing for general-purpose systems, including the motivations and design trade-offs for load-distributing algorithms, are reviewed. In addition, several load-distributing algorithms are described and their performances are compared. These algorithms are sender-initiated algorithms, receiver-initiated algorithms, symmetrically initiated algorithms, and adaptive algorithms. Load-distributing policies used in existing systems are examined, and conclusions about which algorithm might help in realizing the most benefits of load distributing are drawn. <<ETX>>
Achievement of Goal Three of the Six National Education Goals. ERIC Digest.

Achievement of Goal Three of the Six National Education Goals. ERIC Digest.1 PROGRESS TOWARD ACHIEVEMENT OF GOAL THREE: HOW FAR DO WE.2 FACTORS ASSOCIATED WITH HIGHER LEVELS OF STUDENT ACHIEVEMENT. 3 WHAT CAN SCHOOLS DO TO IMPROVE STUDENT ACHIEVEMENT IN CORE. 4 WHAT CAN PARENTS DO TO IMPROVE STUDENT ACHIEVEMENT IN CORE. 5 REFERENCES AND ERIC RESOURCES. 6
Four phase clocking rule for energy efficient digital circuits — An adiabatic concept

The energy consumption issue is efficiently addressed by adiabatic switching technique in design of low power digital circuits. Adiabatic switching technique offers the reducing in energy dissipation during switching events and recycling the load capacitance energy instead of dissipated as heat. But adiabatic circuits highly depend upon power clock and parameter variations. With the help of clocking rule, the digital circuits such as inverter and inverter chain are designed for adiabatic techniques, 2N-2N2P, Efficient Charge Recovery Logic (ECRL), Positive Feedback Adiabatic Logic (PFAL) and Clocked Adiabatic Logic (CAL) using TSPICE simulation. The results show high energy savings as compared to CMOS circuits in specified frequency range.
Early Detection of Alzheimer's Disease by Blind Source Separation and Bump Modeling of EEG Signals.

The early detection Alzheimer's disease is an important challenge. Using blind source separation, wavelet time-frequency transforms and "bump modeling" of electro-encephalographic (EEG) recordings, a set of features describing the recordings of mildly impaired patients and of controls subject is built. Feature selection by the random probe method leads to the selection of a few reliable features, which are fed to a neural network classifier. This leads to a sizeable performance improvement over detection results previously published on the same data.
Molecular mechanisms of transformation of C3H/10T1/2 C1 8 mouse embryo cells and diploid human fibroblasts by carcinogenic metal compounds.

Carcinogenic arsenic, nickel, and chromium compounds induced morphological and neoplastic transformation but no mutation to ouabain resistance in 10T1/2 mouse embryo cells; lead chromate also did not induce mutation to ouabain or 6-thioguanine resistance in Chinese hamster ovary cells. The mechanism of metal-induced morphological transformation was likely not due to the specific base substitution mutations measured in ouabain resistance mutation assays, and for lead chromate, likely not due to this type of base substitution mutation or to frameshift mutations. Preliminary data indicate increases in steady-state levels of c-myc RNA in arsenic-, nickel-, and chromium-transformed cell lines. We also showed that carcinogenic nickel, chromium, and arsenic compounds and N-methyl-N-nitro-N-nitrosoguanidine (MNNG) induced stable anchorage independence (Al) in diploid human fibroblasts (DHF) but no focus formation or immortality. Nickel subsulfide and lead chromate induced Al but not mutation to 6-thioguanine resistance. The mechanism of induction of Al by metal salts in DHF was likely not by the type of base substitution or frameshift mutations measured in these assays. MNNG induced Al, mutation to 6-thioguanine resistance, and mutation to ouabain resistance, and might induce Al by base substitution or frameshift mutations. Dexamethasone, aspirin, and salicylic acid inhibited nickel subsulfide, MNNG, and 12-O-tetrade-canoylphorbol-13-acetate (TPA)-induced Al in DHF, suggesting that arachidonic acid metabolism and oxygen radical generation play a role in induction of Al. We propose that nickel compounds stimulate arachidonic acid metabolism, consequent oxygen radical generation, and oxygen radical attack upon DNA. (ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) ImagesFigure 1.
Towards Robust Airborne SLAM in Unknown Wind Environments

This paper presents a robust multi-loop air- borne SLAM structure which augments wind information into the state of 6DoF Simultane- ous Localisation and Mapping (SLAM). The relative air velocity observation from an air data system can be used to estimate the error of the vehicle state. However due to a priori unknown wind information, it cannot directly be used for that purpose. This can be tack- led by augmenting this information into SLAM and estimating it simultaneously with the ve- hicle state. This can significantly increase the consistency of airborne SLAM at the time of loop closure. The air velocity based SLAM loop limits the error growth of the velocity and at- titude effectively and the feature based SLAM loop bounds the position error growth. Simu- lation results show that wind information can be estimated consistently and the robustness of airborne SLAM improves significantly. The current obstacle in implementing a robust air- borne SLAM is the inconsistency problem related with the closing-the-loop after long flight. The limited field of view of the airborne sensor and the sparse nature of the feature observations can inevitably increase the vehicle's uncertainties before the loop closure. The position error growth rate of the unaided INS is typically cubic func- tion of the flight time. This means there can be large uncertainties in the vehicle states when it tries to close the loop. However the large uncertainties can easily de- stroy the linearisation assumption in the SLAM filter, and any over-confident attitude correction can lead to a failure in SLAM. This is due to the fact that even a small attitude error will misinterpret the gravitational acceleration, thus resulting in a rapid divergence in the position and velocity. This, in turn, will easily invalidate and reject successive observations afterward. This problem can be tackled by using a more high- quality IMU, non-linear filtering, or adding additional in- formation to stabilise the attitude. If a high-quality IMU is an available option it should be selected in such a way that the INS error remains within a reasonable bound before closing the loop. The INS error growth, how- ever, depends on the availability of the features which is difficult to predict in advance. Additionally, many high- quality inertial sensors may not be a suitable option for most robotic platforms which are payload limited. The nonlinear filter, such as particle filter, can reduced the chance of divergence during the closing the loop. It was observed that it can improve the performance compared to the standard Kalman filter, but it still showed incon- sistency during the closing the loop. It also suffers the dimensionality problem. The effectiveness of this ap- proach needs further investigations in airborne SLAM applications. The stability of the attitude estimate is of importance for the reliable closing the loop. Hence if there exists any constant stream of information to limit the attitude uncertainty, it can improve the robustness of airborne SLAM. In many airborne applications, the air veloc-
In vitro culture of human embryos : effects on fetal development and the role of the placenta

IVF children are at a slight developmental disadvantage compared to children who were conceived naturally. The cause of low birth weight and premature birth remains unknown. The effects in human babies are less pronounced than in animals and, while IVF newborns may appear perfectly normal at birth, they could go on to develop problems later in life. This study shows that culturing human embryos for two to three days in two different culture mediums results in a significant difference in birth weight after nine months. A difference in fetal development was also noted. Changes were found in the placentas of women who had undergone IVF treatment that were not found in women who had conceived naturally. It is therefore important that manufacturers of IVF cultures publish the exact composition of their mediums. Additionally, the safety of IVF warrants further research.
Dynamic module deployment in a fog computing platform

Several applications, such as smart cities, smart homes and smart hospitals adopt Internet of Things (IoT) networks to collect data from IoT devices. The incredible growing speed of the number of IoT devices congests the networks and the large amount of data, which are streamed to data centers for further analysis, overload the data centers. In this paper, we implement a fog computing platform that leverages end devices, edge networks, and data centers to serve the IoT applications. In this paper, we focus on implementing a fog computing platform, which dynamically pushes programs to the devices. The programs pushed to the devices pre-process the data before transmitting them over the Internet, which reduces the network traffic and the load of data centers. We survey the existing platforms and virtualization technologies, and leverage them to implement the fog computing platform. Moreover, we formulate a deployment problem of the programs. We propose an efficient heuristic deployment algorithm to solve the problem. We also implement an optimal algorithm for comparisons. We conduct experiments with a real testbed to evaluate our algorithms and fog computing platform. The proposed algorithm shows near-optimal performance, which only deviates from optimal algorithm by at most 2% in terms of satisfied requests. Moreover, the proposed algorithm runs in real-time, and is scalable. More precisely, it computes 1000 requests with 500 devices in <; 2 seconds. Last, the implemented fog computing platform results in real-time deployment speed: it deploys 20 requests <; 10 seconds.
Single Incision Laparoscopic Surgery (SILS) appendicectomy as alternative surgical procedure in diagnosis and treatment of acute appendicitis: Review Article

Appendectomy is the most common abdominal operation performed as an emergency basis [1]. The advantage of laparoscopic technique over the conventional open surgery technique has been proven especially in women and obese patients [2-4]. The further improved version at present is the introduction of Single-incision laparoscopic surgery (SILS). It is a new technique developed for performing operations without a visible scar and has become an area of active research and interest within general surgeons community. A number of procedures such as cholecystectomy, appendectomy and ect has been currently being performed using this method. In Single Incision Laparoscopic Surgery (SILS) appendectomy, it may be more advantageous to the patients by eliminating the scars and potentially diminishing postoperative pain. However, the role of the SILS appendectomy is still evolving since all published reports of the technique should be regarded as preliminary [5–7]. More studies evaluating the technique in different clinical situations as well as randomized controlled trials are needed in order to assess the real benefits of the SILS appendectomy in general surgical practice. Here, we reviewed the feasibility and acceptance among surgeons towards the technique of single incision laparoscopic surgery (SILS) in the diagnosis and treatment of acute appendicitis.