Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Predator effects on fouling community development

Predation by small consumers has a demonstrable effect on the recruitment and devel- opment of sessile invertebrate (fouling) communities. However, few data are available to assess the degree to which different micropredators are functionally equivalent, and whether initial effects on recruitment translate into lasting effects on adult communities. In the present study, we used field surveys and manipulative experiments to examine the effect of 2 molluscan predators on both the recruitment of sessile invertebrates and the ultimate community development under continuous pre- dation pressure for 12 mo. The mossy chiton Mopalia muscosa dramatically reduced recruits of some species and increased those of others, but ultimately total adult cover of all species was reduced by over half relative to predator-free controls. The file limpet Lottia limatula had minimal effects on recruitment, slightly reducing recruitment of some colonial ascidians. However, limpets had no effect on the total cover of invertebrates, instead altering species composition by slightly delaying overall successional trajectories. Field surveys suggested that both predators have measurable effects on community cover, as the abundance of each predator was positively correlated with an increase in free space. Plots with both chitons and limpets had nearly 4 times the open space of no-predator plots, and 2 times the open space of plots with limpets only. Therefore, both field surveys and experimen- tal manipulations highlight the substantial impact of micropredators in determining the composition of this fouling community.
A novel multiobjective framework for cell switch-off in dense cellular networks

The green communications paradigm has been receiving much attention in wireless networks in recent years. More specifically, in the context of cellular communications, the concept of Cell Switch Off (CSO) has been recognized as a promising approach to reduce the energy consumption. The need is expected to be pressing especially in the next decade with the increasing small cell deployment. However, the cell switch on/off decisions compounded by the resource allocation task in CSO constitute a highly challenging optimization problem due to the fact that this problem can be viewed as a generalized version of the resource allocation (scheduling) problem in the conventional cellular networks without CSO, which itself is already difficult. This paper introduces a novel framework to CSO based on multiobjective evolutionary optimization. The main contribution of this paper is that the proposed multiobjective framework takes the traffic behaviour in both space and time (known by operators) into account in the optimal cell switch on/off decision making which is entangled with the corresponding resource allocation task. The exploitation of this statistical information is done in a number of ways, including through the introduction of a weighted network capacity metric. This indicator prioritizes cells which are expected to have traffic concentration resulting in on/off decisions that achieve substantial energy savings in scenarios where traffic is highly unbalanced, without compromising the QoS. The proposed framework distinguishes itself from the CSO papers in the literature in two ways: 1) The number of cell switch on/off transitions as well as handoffs are minimized. 2) The computationally-heavy part of the algorithm is executed offline, which makes the real-time implementation feasible.
Merging Fossil Specimens with Computer-Generated Information

While dinosaur fossils reveal much, they keep us guessing about the original organisms' color, sound, and behavior. For several years, modern paleontologists have used 3D computer graphics to help reconstruct these pieces of the past. Augmented reality (AR) leverages this technology to provide an interface that enhances the real world with synthetic supplements. Paleontologists can use AR to present virtual data directly within a real, 3D environment rather than on a flat monitor. This technology's immersiveness can give paleontologists new insights into their research and communicate the results to museum visitors in an exciting and effective way.
Regulation of neurotrophin receptor expression during embryonic and postnatal development

Members of the NGF family of proteins act as neurotrophic agents for defined populations of peripheral and central neurons during embryonic and postnatal development. We have studied the presence of receptors for brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) and neurotrophin-3 and - 4/5 (NT-3, NT-4/5) by cross-linking radioiodinated neurotrophins to specific cell surface receptors. We have identified neurotrophin receptors representing full-length TrkB and TrkC and their truncated forms (lacking a functional cytoplasmic kinase domain) in neuronal as well as in non-neuronal tissues. During chicken embryonic and early postnatal brain development, expression of full-length TrkB and TrkC proteins preceded the onset of the truncated forms of these receptors. A similar pattern was also observed in mouse embryonic and early postnatal brain. The relative levels of neurotrophin receptors in the basal forebrain and in the hippocampus did not change significantly with age in mice. High levels of receptors for the three neurotrophins were detected in the nigrostriatal system. Full-length TrkB and TrkC receptors were found in chicken and rat embryonic ventral spinal cord, as well as on purified motoneurons. Again, truncated TrkB appeared significantly later than the full-length form on spinal motoneurons. In chicken embryonic retina and optic tectum we detected full-length TrkB and TrkC; however, the optic tectum also expressed large amounts of the truncated form of TrkB. TrkC but not TrkB was detected in chicken embryonic skeletal muscle, suggesting that NT-3 may have a novel function in this tissue. The presence of neurotrophin receptors in a wide variety of embryonic and postnatal tissues underlines the significant role of BDNF, NT-3, and NT-4/5 in embryonic and postnatal development. The regulation of the ratio of full-length versus truncated neurotrophin receptors may play an important role in the development, maturation, and maintenance of various neuronal networks.
Transcriptional corepressor SHP recruits SIRT1 histone deacetylase to inhibit LRH-1 transactivation

Orphan nuclear receptor Small Heterodimer Partner (SHP; NR0B2) is a transcriptional corepressor of a wide variety of nuclear receptors (NRs). Here, we report that SHP recruits SIRT1, a class III histone deacetylase, in an NR-specific manner to inhibit transcriptional activity. SHP interacts and co-localizes specifically with SIRT1 in vivo and inhibition of SIRT1 activity leads to a recovery from the intrinsic repressive activity of SHP but not of DAX1. Furthermore, we observed that SIRT1 does not deacetylate SHP or LRH1. However, inhibition of either SIRT1 or SHP significantly diminished the repressive effect of SHP on LRH1 transactivity. LRH1-mediated activation of CYP7A1 and SHP gene transcription was significantly repressed by both SHP and SIRT1 whereas inhibition of SIRT1 activity by inhibitors or dominant negative SIRT1 or knockdown of SHP led to a significant release of this inhibitory effect. ChIP assays revealed that SHP recruits SIRT1 on LRH1 target gene promoters and SIRT1 deacetylated template-dependent histone H3 and H4 to inhibit transcription of LRH1 target genes. Finally, we demonstrated that inhibition of SIRT1 activity significantly reversed SHP-mediated inhibition of bile-acid synthesis by LRH1 overexpression, thereby suggesting a novel mechanism of SHP-mediated inhibition of LRH1-dependent bile-acid homeostasis via recruitment of SIRT1 histone deacetylase protein.
Extreme ocean acidification reduces the susceptibility of eastern oyster shells to a polydorid parasite.

Ocean acidification poses a threat to marine organisms. While the physiological and behavioural effects of ocean acidification have received much attention, the effects of acidification on the susceptibility of farmed shellfish to parasitic infections are poorly understood. Here we describe the effects of moderate (pH 7.5) and extreme (pH 7.0) ocean acidification on the susceptibility of Crassostrea virginica shells to infection by a parasitic polydorid, Polydora websteri. Under laboratory conditions, shells were exposed to three pH treatments (7.0, 7.5 and 8.0) for 3- and 5-week periods. Treated shells were subsequently transferred to an oyster aquaculture site (which had recently reported an outbreak of P. websteri) for 50 days to test for effects of pH and exposure time on P. websteri recruitment to oyster shells. Results indicated that pH and exposure time did not affect the length, width or weight of the shells. Interestingly, P. websteri counts were significantly lower under extreme (pH 7.0; ~50% reduction), but not moderate (pH 7.5; ~20% reduction) acidification levels; exposure time had no effect. This study suggests that extreme levels - but not current and projected near-future levels - of acidification (∆pH ~1 unit) can reduce the susceptibility of eastern oyster shells to P. websteri infections.
Visual Personal Familiarity in Amnestic Mild Cognitive Impairment

Background Patients with amnestic mild cognitive impairment are at high risk for developing Alzheimer's disease. Besides episodic memory dysfunction they show deficits in accessing contextual knowledge that further specifies a general concept or helps to identify an object or a person. Methodology/Principal Findings Using functional magnetic resonance imaging, we investigated the neural networks associated with the perception of personal familiar faces and places in patients with amnestic mild cognitive impairment and healthy control subjects. Irrespective of stimulus type, patients compared to control subjects showed lower activity in right prefrontal brain regions when perceiving personally familiar versus unfamiliar faces and places. Both groups did not show different neural activity when perceiving faces or places irrespective of familiarity. Conclusions/Significance Our data highlight changes in a frontal cortical network associated with knowledge-based personal familiarity among patients with amnestic mild cognitive impairment. These changes could contribute to deficits in social cognition and may reduce the patients' ability to transition from basic to complex situations and tasks.
HIDS-DT: An Effective Hybrid Intrusion Detection System Based on Decision Tree

A hybrid intrusion detection approach combing both misuse detection and anomaly detection can detect newly discovered attacks while maintaining a relatively high detection rate. This paper presents a novel hybrid intrusion detection system based on protocol analysis and decision tree algorithms. Performance evaluation of the proposed system is conducted using Generalized Stochastic Petri Nets (GSPN). Simulation results show that this hybrid system can reach a high detection rate.
The Jefferson Scale of Physician Empathy: Preliminary Psychometrics and Group Comparisons in Italian Physicians

Purpose To examine the psychometrics of the Jefferson Scale of Physician Empathy (JSPE) among a sample of Italian physicians. Method The JSPE was translated into Italian using back-translation procedures to ensure the accuracy of the translation. The translated JSPE was administered to 778 physicians at three hospitals in Rome, Italy in 2002. Individual empathy scores were calculated, as well as descriptive statistics at the item and scale level. Group comparisons of empathy scores were also made among men and women, physicians practicing in medical or surgical specialties, physicians working in different hospitals, and at physicians at various levels of career rank. Results Results are reported for 289 participants who completed the JSPE. Item-total score correlations were all positive and statistically significant. The prominent component of “perspective taking,” which is the most important underlying construct of the scale, emerged in the factor analysis of the JSPE and was similar in both Italian and American samples. However, more factors appeared among Italian physicians, indicating that the underlying construct of empathy may be more complex among Italians. Cronbach coefficient alpha was . 85. None of the group differences observed among physicians classified by gender, hospital of practice, specialty, or level of career rank reached statistical significance. Conclusions Findings generally provide support for the construct validity and reliability of the Italian version of the JSPE. Further research is needed to determine whether the lack of statistically significant differences in empathy by gender and specialty is related to cultural peculiarities, the translation of the scale, or sampling.
The Ventral Photoreceptor Cells of Limulus

The ventral photoreceptor cells of Limulus polyphemus resemble the retinular cells of the lateral eyes both in electrical behavior and in morphology. Because of the great size of the ventral photoreceptor cells they are easy to impale with glass capillary micropipettes. Their location along the length of the ventral eye nerve makes them easy to dissect out and fix for electron microscopy. Each cell has a large, ellipsoidal soma that tapers into an axon whose length depends upon the distance of the cell from the brain. The cell body contains a rich variety of cytoplasmic organelles with an especially abundant endoplasmic reticulum. The most prominent structural feature is the microvillous rhabdomere, a highly modified infolding of the plasmalemma. The microvilli are tightly packed together within the rhabdomere, and quintuple-layered junctions are encountered wherever microvillar membranes touch each other. Glial cells cover the surface of the photoreceptor cell and send long, sheet-like projections of their cytoplasm into the cell body of the photoreceptor cell. Some of these projections penetrate the rhabdomere deep within the cell and form quintuple-layered junctions with the microvilli. Junctions between glial cells and the photoreceptor cell and between adjacent glial cells are rarely encountered elsewhere, indicating that there is an open pathway between the intermicrovillous space and the extracellular medium. The axon has a normal morphology but it is electrically inexcitable.
Leaf development and morphogenesis

The development of plant leaves follows a common basic program that is flexible and is adjusted according to species, developmental stage and environmental circumstances. Leaves initiate from the flanks of the shoot apical meristem and develop into flat structures of variable sizes and forms. This process is regulated by plant hormones, transcriptional regulators and mechanical properties of the tissue. Here, we review recent advances in the understanding of how these factors modulate leaf development to yield a substantial diversity of leaf forms. We discuss these issues in the context of leaf initiation, the balance between morphogenesis and differentiation, and patterning of the leaf margin.
Water repellency of Casuarina (Casuarina equisetifolia Forest.) windbreaks in central Taiwan

-Water repellent layer (WRL) in the Casuarina plantation near Taichung harbor in Central Taiwan is mainly due to the development of filamentous fungi. Not only are hyphae of theisolated fungi, the metabolites of fungi strongly hydrophobic, TCHC-5 and TCHC-20 are also significantly hydrophobic. Humic substances decrease the phosphorus fixation and contribute to the formationof WRL. The hydrophobic properties of humic substances are unfavorable for the nutrient cycling at this area. Wetting angles of fulvic acids and humic acids are pH-dependent. Increasing solution pH reduces hydrophobic strength for fulvic acids and/or humic acids. Isolated fungiTCHC-15 and TCHC16 exude strongly acidic metabolites (pH2.7-3.0), which will increase the hydrophobic strength of soil layers. Humic substances with aliphatic chain are the main components that form WRL in soils. Soil pH could be an indicator of hydrophobic potential for organic matter.
A modified algorithm for joint frequency offset and channel estimation in OFDM systems

Previously, a joint estimation method [1] of carrier frequency offset and channel in orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) systems was proposed based on the maximum likelihood (ML) criterion. However, the proposed processing structure may not be suitable for current OFDM regular implementations. In the paper, the processing structure is modified and simulations are conducted for the new proposed processing structure. The proposed algorithm can be divided into two major portions. The first part is to use the rotation concept to estimate the initial CFO and design the frequency domain equalizer. The second part is making use of iterative concept to find the true frequency peak for better estimate. The proposed scheme does not require initial random guess as regular iterative algorithms, in which may suffer from the problem of the convergence to the local maximum. The proposed approach can surely converge to the global maximum for achieving the solution. The computation complexity is much less than the grid-search method and easily be implemented in hardware. The MSE performance of the proposed algorithm is close to the Cramer-Rao Lower bound which is shown in the simulation result.
Direct torque control of induction machines using space vector modulation

A control scheme for direct torque and flux control of induction machines based on the stator flux field orientation method is proposed. With the proposed predictive control scheme, an inverter duty cycle is directly based on the torque and flux errors, the transient reactance of the machine, and an estimated value of the voltage behind the transient reactance. A method is presented by which a voltage space vector can be calculated in order to control the torque and flux directly in a deadbeat fashion. The inverter duty cycle can then be calculated using the space vector PWM technique. An alternative modulation scheme is also presented. <<ETX>>
Late, but not early, paternal effect on human embryo development is related to sperm DNA fragmentation.

BACKGROUND It is known that repeated failure of assisted reproduction treatment (ART) can be due to a paternal effect. This study was undertaken to analyse the possible relationship between ART failure and sperm DNA fragmentation. METHODS Zygote morphology and the percentage of spermatozoa with fragmented DNA (assessed by TUNEL) were compared in two groups using donor oocytes for ICSI attempts. The experimental group consisted of 18 infertile couples who had each undergone three previous failed ART attempts. The control group included 18 randomly selected infertile couples undergoing their first ICSI attempt. Both groups used sibling oocytes from the same donors. RESULTS In 10 couples of the experimental group, the adverse paternal effect was evident as early as the zygote stage. This early paternal effect was not associated with sperm DNA fragmentation. In eight couples of the experimental group, the adverse paternal effect did not produce any perceptible deterioration of zygote morphology. However, this late paternal effect was associated with an increased percentage of spermatozoa with fragmented DNA. CONCLUSIONS Early paternal effect can compromise ART outcomes in the absence of increased sperm DNA fragmentation. Evaluation of sperm DNA integrity is useful to detect late paternal effect, which is not associated with morphological abnormalities at the zygote and early cleavage stages.
The transformation of scientific communication systems in the digital age: towards a methodology for comparing scientific communication cultures

We argue that a key question for the comparison of the field-specific shaping of scientific communication systems in the Digital Age is the identification and characterization of the unit of research: scientific collectives and their communication cultures. We address this conceptual and methodological challenge using a combination of ethnographic methods and network analysis. In this paper we present a basic methodological approach that we have developed in a pilot study of research groups in chemistry. Our first results underline the value of combining quantitative and qualitative methods.
TRPV3: time to decipher a poorly understood family member!

The vanilloid transient receptor potential channel TRPV3 differs in several aspects from other members of the TRPV subfamily. This Ca2+‐, ATP‐ and calmodulin‐regulated channel constitutes a target for many natural compounds and has a unique expression pattern as the most prominent and important TRP channel in keratinocytes of the skin. Although TRPV3 is considered as a thermosensitive channel, its function as a thermosensor in the skin is challenged. Nevertheless, it plays important roles in other skin functions such as cutaneous sensations, hair development and barrier function. More recently, mutations in TRPV3 were linked with a rare genodermatosis known as the Olmsted syndrome. This review gives an overview on properties of TRPV3 and its functions in the skin and skin diseases.
Current-Dependent Capacitor Voltage Control of Parallel Autonomous UPS Systems

This paper proposes a novel autonomous control scheme for equal load current distribution between <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$n$</tex-math></inline-formula> parallel-connected, <italic>LCL</italic>-based, three-phase online uninterruptible power supply (UPS) modules. The control is based on regulating the reference voltage of the filter's capacitor of each inverter as a function of its own output current. The control is achieved without exchanging information between the inverters. The load voltage is maintained fixed at the specified reference value. The control method is fast, precise, and robust against load variations. The validity of the proposed method is verified experimentally and by simulation on a system of two parallel inverters under different load conditions, including step-load and nonlinear load.
Inferring dynamic architecture of cellular networks using time series of gene expression, protein and metabolite data

MOTIVATION High-throughput technologies have facilitated the acquisition of large genomics and proteomics datasets. However, these data provide snapshots of cellular behavior, rather than help us reveal causal relations. Here, we propose how these technologies can be utilized to infer the topology and strengths of connections among genes, proteins and metabolites by monitoring time-dependent responses of cellular networks to experimental interventions. RESULTS We demonstrate that all connections leading to a given network node, e.g. to a particular gene, can be deduced from responses to perturbations none of which directly influences that node, e.g. using strains with knock-outs to other genes. To infer all interactions from stationary data, each node should be perturbed separately or in combination with other nodes. Monitoring time series provides richer information and does not require perturbations to all nodes. Overall, the methods we propose are capable of deducing and quantifying functional interactions within and across cellular gene, signaling and metabolic networks. SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION Supplementary material is available at http://www.dbi. tju.edu/bioinformatics2004.pdf