Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Fermentation as a Method of Food Processing production of organic acids , pH-development and microbial growth in fermenting cereals Licentiate thesis May 1999

2 3 Preface In developing countries, one tenth of the children under five years of age dies due to dehydration. The dehydration is mainly caused by too many of severe incidences of diarrhoea. The main cause for getting diarrhoea is the ingestion of food not having the appropriate standard regarding the hygienic condition. The hygienic standard of a food is based on the processing and handling of the food, as well as on the conditions of the raw materials. A food item prepared with water contaminated with pathogenic microorganisms will successively become contaminated, and a health risk. It is known that pathogenic microorganisms normally found in food will not be able to grow in an acid environment, that is at pH below four. This acidity is normally found in lactic acid fermented food. This thesis deals with the production and properties of lactic acid fermented food. At the beginning of the fermentation step, the food is vulnerable to contamination since it does not have any acidity. This work has followed the development of the acidity by measuring the rise in lactic acid content during the process. In addition, the ability of the acid environment to suppress pathogenic bacteria has been studied. The studies have been made on cereal-water slurries, a common base for the production of gruels, pancakes, porridges, puddings and other food items. It takes 12 to 24 hours for the type of food studied to reach an acidity level that is safe regarding common pathogenic microorganisms. It is also shown that a strain of enterotoxinogenic Escherichia coli can not withstand the acidic environment produced in this process.
Intelligent Fuzzy Controller Of Tracking A Hard Disk Drive Actuator Using The Approaching Index Switch

To permit triggering a torn web capturing roller system (9, 10, 11) or a web deflection unit (28) for rapid capture of a torn or damaged web (7) in a printing machine system having a printing station (2) and thus prevent wrap-around of torn webs about elements of the printing station, the web is guided about a cooling roller or cylinder (14) downstream of a web dryer and strain between and cooling roller and the side wall of the printing machine is measured. This strain is measured for example, by a piezoelectric tranducer or a strain gauge (23) coupled to a bearing (21) in a side wall (19) in the printing machine. The signal from the transducer (18), for example the strain gauge (23), is evaluated in a computer and control unit (26), for example with respect to a reference. The reference can be modified, if desired, by entering in the computer or control unit data representative of acceleration and deceleration of the machine, per square weight of the web, weight of the cooling roller or cylinder (14) and the like.
Teleoperation control of Baxter robot based on human motion capture

The traditional 3D human motion capture methods require operators to wear tracking sensors on their body. However, these devices would bring operators much inconvenience. Currently, vision based motion capture systems provide us an alternative approach for motion capture technology. In this paper, based on human kinematics and function approximation technique (FAT), a novel method is presented for the trajectory control of Baxter robot. Each arm of the Baxter robot has seven degrees of freedom. The geometry vector approach is applied to capture human motion trajectory by using Microsoft Kinect sensor. A FAT control system is employed to make the robot follow the trajectory of human motion. The UDP communication protocol is employed to send the reference human joint angle data to the robot. We carry out preliminary experiments on Baxter robot to verify the validity of the control approach and the results demonstrate that the method has achieved satisfactory performance.
Evaluation of Pre-service Science Teachers’ Argumentation Skills, Knowledge Levels and Attitudes Regarding Organ Transplantation and Donation

The purpose of this study was to evaluate pre-service science teachers’ argumentation skills, attitudes and knowledge levels regarding organ transplantation and donation (OTD). Teachers play a fundamental role in providing information to children/adolescents and could inﬂuence their attitudes. Organ transplantation is a life-saving hope for many people, but shortage of organs for transplantation is a universal problem. Having a positive attitude and true knowledge are essential for teachers that affect students’ future attitude toward this topic. The research method was descriptive and cross-sectional. The sample of research was 472 pre-service science teachers, who were sampled by using convenient sampling method and are students of Science Education Department at four different public universities. Data collection instruments were developed by researchers as valid and reliable questionnaire in order to determine the attitudes, knowledge levels and argumentation skills of pre-service teachers regarding OTD. Results observed that the pre-service science teachers' argumentation skills in a socio-scientific subject such as OTD were at a very low level, their attitudes were at a moderate level, and their knowledge level was above the average. Results of the study have shown that graduated high school type and grade level have played important roles in the positive attitudes, high argumentation skills and high knowledge level about organ donation. No significant difference was found in the attitudes and knowledge level of pre-service science teachers toward OTD in terms of gender. The gender only affected the ability of argumentation.
Using and Joining a Franchised Private Sector Provider Network in Myanmar

Background Quality is central to understanding provider motivations to join and remain within a social franchising network. Quality also appears as a key issue from the client's perspective, and may influence why a client chooses to use a franchised provider over another type of provider. The dynamic relationships between providers of social franchising clinics and clients who use these services have not been thoroughly investigated in the context of Myanmar, which has an established social franchising network. This study examines client motivations to use a Sun Quality Health network provider and provider motivations to join and remain in the Sun Quality Health network. Taken together, these two aims provide an opportunity to explore the symbiotic relationship between client satisfaction and provider incentives to increase the utilization of reproductive health care services. Methods and Findings Results from a series of focus group discussions with clients of reproductive health services and franchised providers shows that women chose health services provided by franchised private sector general practitioners because of its perceived higher quality, associated with the availability of effective, affordable, drugs. A key finding of the study is associated with providers. Provider focus group discussions indicate that a principle determinate for joining and remaining in the Sun Quality Health Network was serving the poor.
Effect of Dietary Cation-Anion Difference during Prepartum and Postpartum Periods on Performance, Blood and Urine Minerals Status of Holstein Dairy Cow

Twenty four periparturient cows were used to determine the effects of DCAD on acid-base balance, plasma and urine mineral concentrations, health status, and subsequent lactation performance. Each group of 12 cows received either a diet containing −100 DCAD or +100 DCAD for 21 d prepartum. Both anionic and cationic groups were divided into two groups, one received a +200 DCAD and the other +400 DCAD diet for 60 d postpartum. Prepartum reduction of DCAD decreased DMI, urinary and blood pH, urinary concentrations of Na or K and increased plasma and urinary Ca, Mg, Cl and S. Also cows fed −100 DCAD diet consumed the most dry matter in the first 60 d after calving. Postpartum +400 DCAD increased milk fat and total solid percentages, urinary and blood pH and urinary Na and K concentrations, but urinary Ca, P, Cl and S contents decreased. Greater DMI, FCM yields were observed in cows fed a diet of +400 DCAD than +200 DCAD. No case of milk fever occurred for any diets but feeding with a negative DCAD diet reduced placenta expulsion time. In conclusion, feeding negative DCAD in late gestation period and high DCAD in early lactation improves performance and productivity of dairy cows.
Multiple Word senses and Information Retrieval : An application using thesaurally derived Lexical Chains

The primary objective of this work is to Improve Internet based Information Retrieval. Currently Internet search engines retrieve a heterogeneous collection of documents of varied quality. Whilst many are “relevant” to the search terms used, many others coincidentally contain a matched word. They do not, in other words, have meaningful content. An enabling objective is to develop a "weakly" intelli gent document representation able to distinguish documents with "content” from those without. As a part of this representation it is important to correctly select word senses, otherwise the document representation will be distorted. Needless to say, this approach is intended to supplement existing Information retrieval techniques, not replace them.
Distributed Viewpoint Equivalences for Higher Order Processes

In this paper, we give two distributed viewpoint equivalences for higher order π-calculus. We show that the two equivalences are equivalent. Furthermore, we prove that distributed viewpoint equivalences are finer than context bisimulation and are coarser than higher order bisimulation. For some sub languages of higher order π-calculus, we show that these distributed viewpoint equivalences coincide with higher order bisimulation or context bisimulation.
Conversion of Wastes into Bioelectricity and Chemicals by Using Microbial Electrochemical Technologies

Waste biomass is a cheap and relatively abundant source of electrons for microbes capable of producing electrical current outside the cell. Rapidly developing microbial electrochemical technologies, such as microbial fuel cells, are part of a diverse platform of future sustainable energy and chemical production technologies. We review the key advances that will enable the use of exoelectrogenic microorganisms to generate biofuels, hydrogen gas, methane, and other valuable inorganic and organic chemicals. Moreover, we examine the key challenges for implementing these systems and compare them to similar renewable energy technologies. Although commercial development is already underway in several different applications, ranging from wastewater treatment to industrial chemical production, further research is needed regarding efficiency, scalability, system lifetimes, and reliability.
Running title: Cross-modal Exposure Enhances Neuronal Sensitivity

Title: Multisensory plasticity in adulthood: cross-modal experience enhances neuronal 1 excitability and exposes silent inputs 2 Running title: Cross-modal Exposure Enhances Neuronal Sensitivity 3 Authors: Liping Yu, Benjamin A. Rowland, Jinghong Xu and Barry E. Stein 4 Authors Affiliation: 5 Department of Neurobiology and Anatomy, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, 6 Winston-Salem, North Carolina 7 Corresponding author: 8 Name: Barry E. Stein 9 Address: Department of Neurobiology and Anatomy, Wake Forest University School of 10 Medicine, Medical Center Boulevard, Winston-Salem, NC 27157-1010 11 E-mail: bestein@wakehealth.edu 12 Tel: 336-716-4368 13 Fax: 336-716-4534 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 Articles in PresS. J Neurophysiol (October 31, 2012). doi:10.1152/jn.00739. 2012
Architecture of a Requirements and Design Tool Based on Message Sequence Charts

Message Sequence Charts (MSCs) are increasingly supported in software engineering tools to capture system requirements, test scenarios, and simulation traces of reactive systems. The latest standard syntax of MSCs [12] o ers operations to compose MSCs in a hierarchical, iterating, and nondeterministic way. The various operators are a step towards increasing the applicability of MSCs to more than a trace language. However, current tools operate on MSCs that describe nite, deterministic behavior and none of them uses MSCs as a language for requirements speci cation and design of a system. In this paper, we propose an architecture for an MSC-based tool to support the requirements speci cation and design phases. The main functionalities of the tool are: an environment for the composition of system models through MSCs, syntactic and model-based analysis of an MSC model, and resolving resource related underspeci cations in an MSC model. The proposed tool also supports synthesis mechanisms as a means to integrate our tool with available tools, e.g., the SPIN model-checker. In this paper, we also review the theoretical results we have currently developed towards realizing the proposed tool. 2
On the relationship between Indian Ocean sea surface temperature and the transition from El Nino to La Nina

The relationship between Indian Ocean sea surface temperature and the transition of El Nino events into either La Nina or El Nino-Southern Oscillation neutral conditions is examined in both observations and the retrospective ensemble hindcasts of the National Center for Environmental Prediction Climate Forecast System. The southern Indian Ocean is shown to demonstrate a particularly robust and consistent relationship with the evolution of these transitions. These associations are described, and a physical mechanism involving air-sea interaction in the Indian and western Pacific Oceans is proposed. Observations suggest that easterly surface wind anomalies in the western Pacific Ocean are associated with the emergence of La Nina during boreal summer and fall. Here it is shown that these winds are significantly correlated to southern Indian Ocean sea surface temperature in the preceding spring that is characterized by a large-scale zonal dipole of cool and warm anomalies in the southwestern and southeastern Indian Oceans, respectively. These associations are particularly pronounced for strong El Nino conditions, during the dissipation of which a pronounced wavetrain-like atmospheric pattern accompanies sea surface temperature anomalies in the southern Indian Ocean. Together, the circulation and sea surface temperature anomalies increase the meridional cross-equatorial temperature gradient in the western Indian Ocean and mute intraseasonal variability while strengthening surface equatorial easterly winds in the Indo-Pacific warm pool. Collectively, these anomalies favor subsequent La Nina development. On the basis of these observed associations, a predictive model that demonstrates skill in anticipating the nature of El Nino transitions, involving the southern Indian Ocean, Asian monsoon, and El Nino-Southern Oscillation, is proposed. In the National Center for Environmental Prediction Climate Forecast System, the relationships described above are simulated both consistently and realistically, despite model weaknesses, further bolstering a key role of southern Indian Ocean and predictive relationship. Comparison of fully coupled and sea surface temperature-forced simulations suggests a key role for air-sea interaction in the observed associations. Moreover, it is demonstrated that coupled simulations of El Nino-Southern Oscillation may benefit substantially from improved representation of Indian Ocean variability and Indo-Pacific interaction.
Mechanical Low Back Pain: Secular Trend and Intervention Topics of Randomized Controlled Trials

PURPOSE To evaluate the number of published randomized controlled trials (RCTs) focusing on mechanical low back pain (MLBP) rehabilitation, the secular (i.e., long-term) trend, and the distribution of interventions studied. METHODS All included RCTs were extracted from all Cochrane systematic reviews focusing on rehabilitation therapies for MLBP, and two independent reviewers screened and analyzed the information on interventions. RESULTS After removal of duplicates, the data set consisted of 196 RCTs published between 1961 and 2010. The number of RCTs published increased consistently over time: 2 trials (1% of the total) were published in 1961-1970, 10 (5%) in 1971-1980, 41 (21%) in 1981-1990, 68 (35%) in 1991-2000, and 75 (38%) in 2001-2010. The intervention of interest in the majority of RCTs was exercise therapy (115/399; 29%), followed by spinal manipulation therapies (60/399; 15%). CONCLUSION The number of RCTs focusing on MLBP has risen over time; of all interventions studied, exercise therapy has attracted the most research interest.
Shallow Analysis Based Assessment of Syntactic Complexity for Automated Speech Scoring

Designing measures that capture various aspects of language ability is a central task in the design of systems for automatic scoring of spontaneous speech. In this study, we address a key aspect of language proficiency assessment ‐ syntactic complexity. We propose a novel measure of syntactic complexity for spontaneous speech that shows optimum empirical performance on real world data in multiple ways. First, it is both robust and reliable, producing automatic scores that agree well with human rating compared to the stateof-the-art. Second, the measure makes sense theoretically, both from algorithmic and native language acquisition points of view.
The Application of Bayesian Alignment Techniques to Transliteration Generation and Mining

—Bayesian techniques have recently been applied to many areas of natural language processing, and have proven themselves particularly useful in areas involving segmentation and alignment. This paper looks at the direct application of these techniques to the co-segmentation/alignment of grapheme sequences. We detail a novel Bayesian model for unsupervised bilingual character sequence alignment of corpora for translit-eration. The technique is based on a Dirichlet process model trained using Bayesian inference through blocked Gibbs sampling implemented using an efficient forward filtering/backward sampling dynamic programming algorithm. The Bayesian approach is able to overcome the overfitting problem inherent in maximum likelihood training. We demonstrate the effectiveness of our Bayesian segmentation by using it to build a translation model for a phrase-based statistical machine translation (SMT) system trained to perform transliteration by monotonic transduction from character sequence to character sequence. Our experiments show that the Bayesian alignment gives rise to a better performing model that is 30% smaller than the model of a baseline system trained in the usual manner by a GIZA++ word alignment process used in combination with phrase extraction heuristics from the MOSES statistical machine translation system. We also compare our alignment approach to the popular m2m aligner when used to build another class of transliteration model: the joint source-channel model. Our results on a number of different language pairs show that in all cases the Bayesian aligner was again able to learn more compact models that gave rise to better transliteration performance. This paper also takes a look at the task of evaluating the usefulness of transliteration in a real-world machine translation system. Popular automatic measures of machine translation demand exact matches for the tokens produced by a transliteration system. If a phonetically equivalent token is generated, these measures consider it to be an error, even though the token contains information that could be useful to a user. As a consequence, often the best strategy is to delete unknown words rather than transliterate them. In this paper we show by using human evaluation, that for Japanese-English translation, transliteration actually does help to improve machine translation quality. In the final part of the paper, we investigate the application of Bayesian alignment to the task of transliteration mining. We define a set of features based on the characteristics of the forced-alignment of candidate transliteration pairs and use these features together with a support vector machine classifier (SVM) to predict whether or not …
Far-Ultraviolet Observations of the Dwarf Nova VW Hydri in Quiescence

We present a 904-1183 Å spectrum of the dwarf nova VW Hyi taken with the Far Ultraviolet Spectroscopic Explorer during quiescence, 11 days after a normal outburst, when the underlying white dwarf accreter is clearly exposed in the far-ultraviolet. However, model fitting shows that a uniform-temperature white dwarf does not reproduce the overall spectrum, especially at the shortest wavelengths. A better approximation to the spectrum is obtained with a model consisting of a white dwarf and a rapidly rotating "accretion belt. " The white dwarf component accounts for 83% of the total flux, has a temperature of 23,000 K, a v sin i = 400 km s-1, and a low carbon abundance. The best-fit accretion belt component accounts for 17% of the total flux, with a temperature of about 48,000-50,000 K and a rotation rate Vrot sin i around 3000-4000 km s-1. The requirement of two components in the modeling of the spectrum of VW Hyi in quiescence helps to resolve some of the differences in interpretation of ultraviolet spectra of VW Hyi in quiescence. However, the physical existence of a second component (and its exact nature) in VW Hyi itself is still relatively uncertain, given the lack of better models for spectra of the inner disk in a quiescent dwarf nova.
Notes on the Khachiyan-Kalantari algorithm

The problem of testing solvability of systems of linear inequalities is polynomially reducible to the problem of finding nonnegative nonzero solutions of systems of homogeneous linear equations. To see this, suppose that we have an oracle for solving the latter problem; we are going to describe a way of using this oracle to solve the former problem. A system Ax ≤ b (1) of m linear inequalities is unsolvable if and only if it is inconsistent in the sense that the system y ≥ 0, yA = 0, y b < 0 (2)
Tool Support for Architectural Decisions

In contrast to software architecture models, architectural decisions are often not explicitly documented, and therefore eventually lost. This contributes to major problems such as high-cost system evolution, stakeholders mis-communication, and limited reusability of core system assets. An approach is outlined that systematically and semi-automatically documents architectural decisions and allows them to be effectively shared by the stakeholders. A first attempt is presented that partially implements the approach by binding architectural decisions, models and the system implementation. The approach is demonstrated with an example demonstrating its usefulness with regards to some industrial use cases.
An Email based high capacity text steganography scheme using combinatorial compression

In this paper, we propose an email based high capacity text steganography method using combinatorial compression. The method makes use of forward email platform to hide the secret data in email addresses. We use the combination of BWT + MTF + LZW coding algorithm to increase the hiding capacity, as it is proved that this combination increases the compression ratio. To further increase the capacity, the numbers of characters of email id are also used to refer the secret data bits. Furthermore, the method adds some random characters just before the `@' symbol of email ids to increase the randomness. Experimental results show that our method performs better than the some important existing methods in terms of hiding capacity.