Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The influence of Rhizobium and arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi on nitrogen and phosphorus accumulation by Vicia faba.

BACKGROUND AND AIMS The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of the interactions between the microbial symbionts, Rhizobium and arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) on N and P accumulation by broad bean (Vicia faba) and how increased N and P content influence biomass production, leaf area and net photosynthetic rate. METHODS A multi-factorial experiment consisting of four different legume-microbial symbiotic associations and two nitrogen treatments was used to investigate the influence of the different microbial symbiotic associations on P accumulation, total N accumulation, biomass, leaf area and net photosynthesis in broad bean grown under low P conditions. KEY RESULTS AMF promoted biomass production and photosynthetic rates by increasing the ratio of P to N accumulation. An increase in P was consistently associated with an increase in N accumulation and N productivity, expressed in terms of biomass and leaf area. Photosynthetic N use efficiency, irrespective of the inorganic source of N (e.g. NO3- or N2), was enhanced by increased P supply due to AMF. The presence of Rhizobium resulted in a significant decline in AMF colonization levels irrespective of N supply. Without Rhizobium, AMF colonization levels were higher in low N treatments. Presence or absence of AMF did not have a significant effect on nodule mass but high N with or without AMF led to a significant decline in nodule biomass. Plants with the Rhizobium and AMF symbiotic associations had higher photosynthetic rates per unit leaf area. CONCLUSIONS The results indicated that the synergistic or additive interactions among the components of the tripartite symbiotic association (Rhizobium-AMF-broad bean) increased plant productivity.
Extending the bereavement exclusion for major depression to other losses: evidence from the National Comorbidity Survey.

CONTEXT Symptoms of intense bereavement-related sadness may resemble those of major depressive disorder (MDD) but may not indicate a mental disorder. To avert false-positive diagnoses, DSM criteria for MDD exclude uncomplicated bereavement of brief duration and modest severity. However, the DSM does not similarly exempt depressive reactions to other losses, even when they are uncomplicated in duration and severity. OBJECTIVE To test the validity of the DSM exclusion of uncomplicated depressive symptoms only in response to bereavement but not in response to other losses. DESIGN Community-based epidemiological study. PARTICIPANTS From the National Comorbidity Survey (NCS) of 8098 persons aged 15 to 54 years representative of the US population, we identified individuals who met MDD symptom criteria and whose MDD episodes were triggered by either bereavement (n = 157) or other loss (n = 710). Intervention We divided the bereavement and other loss trigger groups into uncomplicated and complicated cases by applying the NCS algorithm for uncomplicated bereavement to the reactions to other losses. We then compared uncomplicated bereavement and uncomplicated reactions to other losses on a variety of disorder indicators and symptoms. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Nine disorder indicators, as follows: number of symptoms, melancholic depression, suicide attempt, duration of symptoms, interference with life, recurrence, and 3 service use variables. RESULTS Episodes of uncomplicated depression triggered by bereavement and by other loss have similar symptom profiles and are not significantly different for 8 of 9 disorder indicators. Moreover, uncomplicated reactions, whether triggered by bereavement or other loss, are significantly lower than complicated reactions on almost all disorder indicators. CONCLUSION The NCS data do not support the validity of uniquely excluding uncomplicated bereavement but not uncomplicated reactions to other losses from MDD diagnosis.
Intent specifications: an approach to building human-centered specifications

Software is a human product and specification languages are used to help humans perform the various problem solving activities involved in software development and evolution. This paper proposes an approach, called intent specifications, to designing system and software specifications based on research in systems theory, cognitive psychology, and human-machine interaction. The goal is to provide specifications that support software engineering activities by grounding specification design on psychological principles of how humans use specifications to solve problems as well as on basic system engineering principles.
A FORMAÇÃO DO MERCOSUL COMO FATOR DE ALTERAÇÃO NO AMBIENTE INSTITUCIONAL DO AGRONEGÓCIO DE PÊSSEGOS DA REGIÃO DE PELOTAS

** Sinopse : O presente estudo tem como referencial teorico a Nova Economia Institucional, campo no qual as instituicoes importam e impactam sobre o comportamento dos agentes. Este estudo observou as dificuldades enfrentadas pelo agronegocio de pessegos da regiao de Pelotas e procurou explica-las atraves das mudancas no ambiente institucional no qual o agronegocio esta inserido, atraves de instrumentos de pesquisa construidos para captar as caracteristicas das transacoes e dos agentes, alem da participacao das instituicoes, o papel das organizacoes e as tecnologias utilizadas nesse agronegocio. Conclui-se, neste estudo, que a formacao do Mercado Comum do Sul (Mercosul) e a abertura economica dificultaram a situacao do agronegocio de pessegos de Pelotas, pois, em nivel de bloco, nao foram criadas instituicoes que favorecessem a atuacao desse agronegocio em mercados globalizados.
Hierarchical synthesis of reversible circuits using positive and negative Davio decomposition

Synthesis of reversible circuits is an important research area providing the basis for a design flow of this emerging technology. Recently, in the development of scalable synthesis approaches a significant step forward has been made by a hierarchical method in combination with Shannon decom-position. However, this approach leads to circuits with high costs. In this paper, we propose an alternative that additionally makes use of positive Davio and negative Davio decomposition. We show that the usage of these decomposition types offers several advantages for the synthesis of reversible circuits. Using the proposed approach, on average the number of lines can be reduced by 22%, the number of gates by 22%, and the quantum cost by 32%. In the best case, even reductions of more than 60% are possible.
Language and thought in bilinguals: The case of grammatical number and nonverbal classification preferences

ABSTRACT Recent research shows that speakers of languages with obligatory plural marking (English) preferentially categorize objects based on common shape, whereas speakers of nonplural-marking classifier languages (Yucatec and Japanese) preferentially categorize objects based on common material. The current study extends that investigation to the domain of bilingualism. Japanese and English monolinguals, and Japanese–English bilinguals were asked to match novel objects based on either common shape or color. Results showed that English monolinguals selected shape significantly more than Japanese monolinguals, whereas the bilinguals shifted their cognitive preferences as a function of their second language proficiency. The implications of these findings for conceptual representation and cognitive processing in bilinguals are discussed.
Functional Replacement of a Domain in the Rubella Virus P150 Replicase Protein by the Virus Capsid Protein

ABSTRACT The rubella virus (RUBV) capsid (C) protein rescues mutants with a lethal deletion between two in-frame NotI sites in the P150 replicase gene, a deletion encompassing nucleotides 1685 to 2192 of the RUBV genome and amino acids (aa) 548 to 717 of P150 (which has a total length of 1,301 aa). The complete domain rescuable by the C protein was mapped to aa 497 to 803 of P150. Introduction of aa 1 to 277 of the C protein (lacking the C-terminal E2 signal sequence) between the NotI sites in the P150 gene in a replicon construct yielded a viable construct that synthesized viral RNA with wild-type kinetics, indicating that C and this region of P150 share a common function. Further genetic analysis revealed that an arginine-rich motif between aa 60 and 68 of the C protein was necessary for the rescue of ΔNotI deletion mutants and substituted for an arginine-rich motif between aa 731 and 735 of the P150 protein when the C protein was introduced into P150. Possible common functions shared by these arginine-rich motifs include RNA binding and interaction with cell proteins.
Plant cell wall proteomics: the leadership of Arabidopsis thaliana

Plant cell wall proteins (CWPs) progressively emerged as crucial components of cell walls although present in minor amounts. Cell wall polysaccharides such as pectins, hemicelluloses, and cellulose represent more than 90% of primary cell wall mass, whereas hemicelluloses, cellulose, and lignins are the main components of lignified secondary walls. All these polymers provide mechanical properties to cell walls, participate in cell shape and prevent water loss in aerial organs. However, cell walls need to be modified and customized during plant development and in response to environmental cues, thus contributing to plant adaptation. CWPs play essential roles in all these physiological processes and particularly in the dynamics of cell walls, which requires organization and rearrangements of polysaccharides as well as cell-to-cell communication. In the last 10 years, plant cell wall proteomics has greatly contributed to a wider knowledge of CWPs. This update will deal with (i) a survey of plant cell wall proteomics studies with a focus on Arabidopsis thaliana; (ii) the main protein families identified and the still missing peptides; (iii) the persistent issue of the non-canonical CWPs; (iv) the present challenges to overcome technological bottlenecks; and (v) the perspectives beyond cell wall proteomics to understand CWP functions.
N-acetylcysteine does not prevent bronchopulmonary dysplasia in immature infants: a randomized controlled trial.

OBJECTIVE To evaluate whether N-acetylcysteine (NAC) infusion during the first week of life reduces the risk of death or bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) in infants with extremely low birth weight. Study design In a Nordic multicenter, double-blind trial, infants (n=391) weighing 500 to 999 g and on ventilator or nasal continuous positive airway pressure were randomized before the age of 36 hours to receive NAC 16 to 32 mg/kg/d (n=194) or placebo (n=197) intravenously for 6 days. Primary end points were death or BPD, defined as supplementary oxygen requirement at 36 weeks' gestational age. RESULTS There was no difference in the combined incidence of the primary end points death or BPD, 51% vs. 49%, between the NAC group and control group. Also similar was the incidence of BPD in survivors at 36 weeks' gestational age, 40% vs. 40%, and the mean oxygen requirement at the age of 28 days, 31.2% vs. 30.7%, respectively. The severity of BPD was similar in both groups. CONCLUSIONS A 6-day course of intravenous N-acetylcysteine at the dosage used does not prevent BPD or death in infants with extremely low birth weight.
The generalized Nyquist criterion and robustness margins with applications

Multivariable Nyquist eigenloci provide a much richer family of curves as compared to the SISO case. The eigeloci may be computed symbolically in many simple cases. Inspection of the generalized Nyquist eigenloci plot allows the determination of the exact values of the multivariable gain margin (GM), phase margin (PM), and the complex margin (CM). Hence there is no need to compute estimates of GM and PM from the singular values of the sensitivity and the complementary sensitivity functions as they are usually very conservative. Furthermore, the complex margin allows the computation of the minimum additive equal diagonal complex perturbation, and the associated multiplicative complex perturbation that drives the system unstable. All the computations mirror the SISO case. The ideas are applied to semiconductor wafer manufacturing process control and aerospace examples.
INFORMATION SEEKING DURING ORGANIZATIONAL ENTRY: INFLUENCES, TACTICS, AND A MODEL OF THE PROCESS

Although information-seeking efforts during organisational entry are of critical importance to newcomers' successful organisational assimilation, the means by which new hires seek information has received scant research attention. Consequently, in this article we develop a theoretical model depicting factors that may affect newcomers' information-seeking behaviors, examine the means or tactics by which they seek information, and present a series of heuristically-oriented propositions concerning newcomers' use of these tactics.
Combined Endovascular and Surgical Treatment of Infected Carotid-Carotid Bypass Graft

Purpose: To present a complex case involving an infected carotid-carotid bypass graft that was successfully treated with a stent-graft and subsequent surgical removal of the infected graft. Case Report: A 75-year-old woman presented with persistent purulent drainage of an infected and exposed carotid-carotid prosthetic bypass graft. Wound cultures revealed methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus. She was treated with appropriate intravenous antibiotic therapy without improvement in wound drainage. Because of her comorbid conditions, a decision was made to pursue endovascular revascularization of her left and right common carotid arteries (CCA), with subsequent surgical removal of the infected prosthetic graft. The patient underwent balloon angioplasty; a 7times18-mm Omnilink stent was deployed in the innominate artery and a 7times18-mm Herculink stent in the ostial left CCA. During the same procedure, the carotid-carotid bypass graft was excluded with deployment of an 8times50-mm Viabahn stent-graft in the right CCA. Several days later, the infected and now thrombosed carotid-carotid bypass graft was surgically removed, and an area of adjacent muscle was used to patch the previously excluded connection of the bypass from the right CCA. A saphenous vein patch was used to repair the defect in the left CCA. Her postoperative course was uneventful. At 1 year, the clinical and duplex examinations revealed satisfactory wound healing and patent left and right CCAs. Conclusion: This case indicates that a combined endovascular and surgical approach may be a safe and effective option in the treatment of carotid-carotid bypass graft infection.
ADJACENT VERTEX DISTINGUISHING EDGE COLORINGS OF THE DIRECT PRODUCT OF A REGULAR GRAPH BY A PATH OR A CYCLE

In this paper we investigate the minimum number of colors required for a proper edge coloring of a finite, undirected, regular graph G in which no two adjacent vertices are incident to edges colored with the same set of colors. In particular, we study this parameter in relation to the direct product of G by a path or a cycle.
Accessibility control and machinery of immunoglobulin class switch recombination

Immunoglobulin (Ig) class switching is a process by which B lymphocytes shift from production of IgM to other Ig classes and subclasses via Ig class switch recombination (CSR). Multiple cellular and molecular processes are involved in CSR. Induction of a given IgH germline transcription initiates CSR processes. Ig germline transcription is selectively activated and induced by specific cytokine(s) via cytokine‐specific signal pathways, synergized by CD40 signaling, and optimized by the 3′ Igα enhancers through locus control region function. Following Ig germline transcription, the switch‐region DNA undergoes conformational changes so that it can serve as an appropriate substrate for nicking and cleavage by switch recombination machinery. Finally, the double‐strand breaks in donor and acceptor switch DNAs are processed, repaired, and ligated through a general nonhomologous end join pathway. CSR generates a new transcriptional unit for production of a class‐switched Ig isotype.
THE DISTRIBUTION OF ADRENERGIC NERVE FIBRES TO THE BLOOD VESSELS IN SKELETAL MUSCLE.

Fuxe K. and G. Sedvall. The distribution of adrenergic nerve fibres to the blood vessels in skeletal muscle. Acta physiol. scand. 1965. 64. 75–86. The distribution and morphological construction of the adrenergic innervation to the various sections of the vascular bed in skeletal muscle of the cat were studied using a specific histochemical fluorescence technique. A typical adrenergic ground plexus (Hillarp 1946, 1959) was seen directly superimposed on the smooth muscle layer of the vessels. The nerve terminals seldom penetrated into this layer. The arteries entering the muscles showed only a sparse amount of adrenergic fibres, whereas the intra-muscular arteries, arterioles and metarterioles exhibited a fairly rich supply. The innervation was uniform, no definite accumulation of adrenergic fibres being observed in any section of the vascular bed. The capillaries did not seem to receive any adrenergic fibres. The vessels on the venous side had a very sparse innervation. Single nerve bundles could be observed in relation to some small venules (20–40 μ) but only occasionally were adrenergic fibres seen around intramuscular veins with diameters above 50 μ. Possible mechanisms for the mediation of nervous vasoconstrictor stimuli to the various vessel sections are discussed.
Forecasting Consumer Spending from Purchase Intentions Expressed on Social Media

Consumer spending is an important macroeconomic indicator that is used by policy-makers to judge the health of an economy. In this paper we present a novel method for predicting future consumer spending from social media data. In contrast to previous work that largely relied on sentiment analysis, the proposed method models consumer spending from purchase intentions found on social media. Our experiments with time series analysis models and machine-learning regression models reveal utility of this data for making short-term forecasts of consumer spending: for three- and seven-day horizons, prediction variables derived from social media help to improve forecast accuracy by 11% to 18% for all the three models, in comparison to models that used only autoregressive predictors.
Neural Illustration based Creature Recognition System

Face detection is one of the challenging problems in image processing. In this paper we have proposed a new technology named neural GUI based human recognition robotics. This system contains the skin color which is the main feature of faces for detection, and then the skin face candidate is examined by using the neural GUI, which learn from the feature of faces to classify whether the original image includes a face or not. Finally the classification is based on GUI approach. The experiment results on upright frontal color face images from the internet show an excellent detection rate.
Beyond keyframing: an algorithmic approach to animation

Abstract : The recent explosion of interest in physical system simulation may soon lead to realistic animation of passive objects, such as sliding blocks or bouncing balls. However, complex active objects (like human figures and insects) need a control mechanism to direct their movements. We present a paradigm that combines the advantages of physical simulation and algorithmic specification of movement. The animator writes an algorithm to control the object and runs this algorithm on a physical simulator to produce the animation. Algorithms can be reused or combined to produce complex sequences of movements, eliminating the need for tedious key framing. We have applied this paradigm to control a walking biped. The walking algorithm is presented along with the results from testing with the Newton simulation system.
Education for Creative Potential

One trend in the creativity literature is towards unambiguous expressions of talent. This trend follows from an interest in scientific rigour, but if we are interested in children, it is creative potential that is the primary concern, rather than unambiguous creative performance. Educators and others working with children should define creativity in very literal terms, as thinking or problem solving that involves the construction of new meaning. This in turn relies on personal interpretations, and these are personal and new for the individual, not on any larger scale. This approach is consistent with the educational premise 'to understand is to invent', and it allows educators to target self-expression. The emphasis is thus on the individual, the self. Equally significant for educators is that this view of creativity posits that creativity is widely distributed. A wide distribution is implied because virtually every individual has the mental capacity to construct the personal interpretations that are involved. Creativity is, then, something we can find in every child, not just the gifted or highly intelligent.
Linking Influenza Virus Tissue Tropism to Population-Level Reproductive Fitness

Influenza virus tissue tropism defines the host cells and tissues that support viral replication and contributes to determining which regions of the respiratory tract are infected in humans. The location of influenza virus infection along the respiratory tract is a key determinant of virus pathogenicity and transmissibility, which are at the basis of influenza burdens in the human population. As the pathogenicity and transmissibility of influenza virus ultimately determine its reproductive fitness at the population level, strong selective pressures will shape influenza virus tissue tropisms that maximize fitness. At present, the relationships between influenza virus tissue tropism within hosts and reproductive fitness at the population level are poorly understood. The selective pressures and constraints that shape tissue tropism and thereby influence the location of influenza virus infection along the respiratory tract are not well characterized. We use mathematical models that link within-host infection dynamics in a spatially-structured human respiratory tract to between-host transmission dynamics, with the aim of characterizing the possible selective pressures on influenza virus tissue tropism. The results indicate that spatial heterogeneities in virus clearance, virus pathogenicity or both, resulting from the unique structure of the respiratory tract, may drive optimal receptor binding affinity–that maximizes influenza virus reproductive fitness at the population level–towards sialic acids with α2,6 linkage to galactose. The expanding cell pool deeper down the respiratory tract, in association with lower clearance rates, may result in optimal infectivity rates–that likewise maximize influenza virus reproductive fitness at the population level–to exhibit a decreasing trend towards deeper regions of the respiratory tract. Lastly, pre-existing immunity may drive influenza virus tissue tropism towards upper regions of the respiratory tract. The proposed framework provides a new template for the cross-scale study of influenza virus evolutionary and epidemiological dynamics in humans.