Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The Challenges and Prospects of Learning-in-Practise

Abstract If learning is an integral part of living; if working life demands learning as a condition of survival; if learning is an essential human condition, why is it that we have such difficulty engaging with the phenomenon? This paper engages with this question and explores the complex interconnections that underpin the social complexity of learning in working life. The discussion provides a critique of our current approaches in engaging with the dynamics of learning in working life. Attention is drawn to our modes of thinking and the tendency to look for outcomes like change as evidence of the ongoing co-evolution of learning, working and living. The analysis highlights four neglected dimensions of learning: inter-connectivity, diversity, self-organisation and politics. These dimensions are discussed drawing on the main principles of complexity science and process theories of becoming and a new conceptualisation of learning as a flow expanding the space of possibility is presented. This perspective is further elaborated in the notion of
The Combination of Type I IFN, TNF-α, and Cell Surface Receptor Engagement with Dendritic Cells Enables NK Cells To Overcome Immune Evasion by Dengue Virus

Clinical studies have suggested the importance of the NK cell response against dengue virus (DenV), an arboviral infection that afflicts >50 million individuals each year. However, a comprehensive understanding of the NK cell response against dengue-infected cells is lacking. To characterize cell-contact mechanisms and soluble factors that contribute to the antidengue response, primary human NK cells were cocultured with autologous DenV-infected monocyte-derived dendritic cells (DC). NK cells responded by cytokine production and the lysis of target cells. Notably, in the absence of significant monokine production by DenV-infected DC, it was the combination of type I IFNs and TNF-α produced by DenV-infected DC that was important for stimulating the IFN-γ and cytotoxic responses of NK cells. Cell-bound factors enhanced NK cell IFN-γ production. In particular, reduced HLA class I expression was observed on DenV-infected DC, and IFN-γ production was enhanced in licensed/educated NK cell subsets. NK–DC cell contact was also identified as a requirement for a cytotoxic response, and there was evidence for both perforin/granzyme as well as Fas/Fas ligand–dependent pathways of killing by NK cells. In summary, our results have uncovered a previously unappreciated role for the combined effect of type I IFNs, TNF-α, and cell surface receptor–ligand interactions in triggering the antidengue response of primary human NK cells.
The concept of stigma like social process: a theoretical approximation from the literature north American

This article implies in a literature review to discuss the stigma concept for Goffman and some authors among others that developed their ideas from him. Among the chosen authors: Ainlay, Coleman & Becker; Link & Phelan; Stafford & Scott; Becker & Arnold; Martin; Jones, Farina, Hastorf et al; and Crocker & Major. So, we tried the first aim involves to relate Goffman and the authors who think the stigma concept like a process established by the social. The second goal aims to relate Goffman and the authors who think the stigma concept based on the relationship between the stigmatized person and stigma. The theoretical methodology is based on readings and discussion, since it is a theorical survey.
Nécrologie. Paul Mougin - Inspecteur général des Eaux et Forêts (1866-1939)

Messines du Sourbier J. Necrologie. Paul Mougin - Inspecteur general des Eaux et Forets (1866-1939). In: Revue de geographie alpine, tome 27, n°4, 1939. pp. 899-904.
The psychology of thinking, animal psychology, and the young Karl Popper

In the 1920s, Karl Popper wrote two large manuscripts on psychology that he never published. In his autobiography, Unended Quest, he attempts to reduce the importance of his work in psychology as much as possible, and in his philosophical work he is an antipsychologist. However, in this article, it is argued that Popper's early psychology has been pivotally important for the development of his philosophy. In particular, it is shown that Popper's views on psychology underwent a radical shift, one that paved the way for his characteristic deductive stance in philosophy. Popper's views shifted from an inductive and associationistic psychology toward a noninductive psychology of problem solving. Tracing the historical background of Popper's early work reveals how he integrated various parts of the psychology of Karl Groos into his analysis of the childish phenomenon of dogmatic thinking and how he shortly after appropriated various elements of the animal psychology of Hans Volkelt and Herbert Jennings in his biological approach to (dogmatic) thinking. In the monumental works of Otto Selz, however, Popper finally found the roots of a noninductive and biological approach to the growth of individual and scientific knowledge.
Socio-Cultural Stereotypes: Exploring Students’ Perceptions Regarding Social Issues

This research started from the need of looking for ways to involve learners dynamically in classroom activities, including social issues. The study was developed with ten students (10) in tenth grade. It was carried out to explore tenth graders’ perceptions on gender, race and social class to report their socio-cultural stereotypes through the development of a project work called “Stereotyping our Culture” divided into three (3) workshops, where students dealt with different Colombian social issues while they were learning English. Data collection sources incorporated field notes to record events and ideas for further reflection, video-taping to get accurate students’ perceptions to confirm our impressions reported in the field notes and artifacts from workshops to perceive what students wanted to express by means of drawings or writings.
West Nile Virus Infection

PREVIEW This summer and fall, primary care physicians may be seeing more cases of West Nile virus infection as circulation of the virus becomes more widespread across the United States. Although most cases are asymptomatic, the disease can cause fatal meningoencephalitis. Therefore, it is important to consider West Nile virus infection in differential diagnosis of certain illnesses. In this article, Dr Gelfand reviews the transmission cycle of the virus, appropriate clinical management, and the current strategies for disease prevention.
Efficient environment management for distributed simulation of large‐scale situated multi‐agent systems

Multi‐agent systems have been proven very effective for the modelling and simulation (M&S) of complex systems like those related to biology, engineering, social sciences and so forth. The intrinsic spatial character of many such systems leads to the definition of a situated agent. A situated agent owns spatial coordinates and acts and interacts with its peers in a hosting territory. In the context of parallel/distributed simulation of situated agent models, the territory represents a huge shared variable that requires careful handling. Frequent access by agents to territory information easily becomes a bottleneck degrading system performance and scalability. This paper proposes an original approach to modelling and distributed simulation of large‐scale situated multi‐agent systems. Time management is exploited for resolving conflicts and achieving data consistency while accessing the environment. The approach allows a simplification of the M&S tasks by making the modeller unaware of distribution concerns while ensuring the achievement of good scalability and performance during the distributed simulation. Practical aspects of the approach are demonstrated through some modelling examples based on Tileworld. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A 0.13pJ/bit, referenceless transceiver with clock edge modulation for a wired intra-BAN communication

In this paper, we propose a low power transceiver (TRx) suitable for a wired intra-body area network (BAN) communication. The proposed transceiver is designed with relaxation oscillator which is appropriate for this low frequency (< 50MHz) application. To lessen the complexity of building this BAN system, we use clock edge modulation (CEM) data as sending or receiving data, and this allows the transceiver to operate without reference clock. The relaxation oscillator in this transceiver is designed to be able to generate CEM data pattern as well as a clock, so this can minimize power consumption in designing additional block related to transmission. Proposed circuit operates up to 36MHz with 1.0V supply voltage. It consumes 1.26uW at an input data rate of 10Mbps and achieves 0.13pJ/bit of energy per bit even though the circuit is implemented in a 0. 18µm CMOS technology.
Edaravone Reduces Early Accumulation of Oxidative Products and Sequential Inflammatory Responses After Transient Focal Ischemia in Mice Brain

Background and Purpose— Oxidative stress contributes to ischemia/reperfusion neuronal damage in a consecutive 2-phase pattern: an immediate direct cytotoxic effect and subsequent redox-mediated inflammatory insult. The present study was designed to assess the neuroprotective mechanisms of edaravone, a novel free radical scavenger, through antioxidative and anti-inflammatory pathways, from the early period to up to 7 days after ischemia/reperfusion in mice. Methods— Mice were subjected to 60-minute ischemia followed by reperfusion. They were divided into the edaravone group (n=72; with different schedules for first administration) and the vehicle (control) group (n=36). Infarct volume and neurological deficit scores were evaluated at several time points after ischemia. Immunohistochemical analysis for 4-hydroxy-2-nonenal (HNE), 8-hydroxy-deoxyguanosine (8-OHdG), ionized calcium-binding adapter molecule 1 (Iba-1), inducible NO synthase (iNOS), and nitrotyrosine were performed at 24 hours, 72 hours, or 7 days after reperfusion. Result— Edaravone, even when administrated 6 hours after onset of ischemia/reperfusion, significantly reduced the infarct volume (68.10±6.24%; P<0.05) and improved the neurological deficit scores (P<0.05) at 24 hours after reperfusion. Edaravone markedly suppressed the accumulation of HNE-modified protein and 8-OHdG at the penumbra area during the early period after reperfusion (P<0.05) and reduced microglial activation, iNOS expression, and nitrotyrosine formation at the late period. Conclusion— Our results indicated that edaravone exerts an early neuroprotective effect through the early free radicals scavenging pathway and a late anti-inflammatory effect and suggested that edaravone is important for expansion of the therapeutic time window in stroke patients.
Role of English Literature and Local Literature in English for Learning English as L2: A Comparative Study

This study critically investigates the role that a text of English literature plays, in comparison with the local literary text in English, in the learning of English as a second language. To provide data for this research, two literary texts are selected and targeted: 'Araby' by James Joyce and 'The New Constitution' by Sadat Hassan Manto, a Pakistani short story writer. This analysis is based upon the perceptions and prescriptions of Piaget's world known schema theory which reads that to comprehend and understand a social product fully, the langue ( mental lexicon of a speech community) and socialization in the relevant culture are necessary. The analysis is conducted on the lexical, idiomatic, phrasal, clausal and the discourse levels.
Embodied Cognition for Autonomous Interactive Robots

In the past, notions of embodiment have been applied to robotics mainly in the realm of very simple robots, and supporting low-level mechanisms such as dynamics and navigation. In contrast, most human-like, interactive, and socially adept robotic systems turn away from embodiment and use amodal, symbolic, and modular approaches to cognition and interaction. At the same time, recent research in Embodied Cognition (EC) is spanning an increasing number of complex cognitive processes, including language, nonverbal communication, learning, and social behavior. This article suggests adopting a modern EC approach for autonomous robots interacting with humans. In particular, we present three core principles from EC that may be applicable to such robots: (a) modal perceptual representation, (b) action/perception and action/cognition integration, and (c) a simulation-based model of top-down perceptual biasing. We describe a computational framework based on these principles, and its implementation on two physical robots. This could provide a new paradigm for embodied human-robot interaction based on recent psychological and neurological findings.
CD 4 + T cell vaccination overcomes defective cross-presentation of fungal antigens in a mouse model of chronic granulomatous disease

Aspergillus fumigatus is a model fungal pathogen and a common cause of infection in individuals with the primary immunodeficiency chronic granulomatous disease (CGD). Although primarily considered a deficiency of innate immunity, CGD is also linked to dysfunctional T cell reactivity. Both CD4+ and CD8+ T cells mediate vaccine-induced protection from experimental aspergillosis, but the molecular mechanisms leading to the generation of protective immunity and whether these mechanisms are dysregulated in individuals with CGD have not been determined. Here, we show that activation of either T cell subset in a mouse model of CGD is contingent upon the nature of the fungal vaccine, the involvement of distinct innate receptor signaling pathways, and the mode of antigen routing and presentation in DCs. Aspergillus conidia activated CD8+ T cells upon sorting to the Rab14+ endosomal compartment required for alternative MHC class I presentation. Cross-priming of CD8+ T cells failed to occur in mice with CGD due to defective DC endosomal alkalinization and autophagy. However, long-lasting antifungal protection and disease control were successfully achieved upon vaccination with purified fungal antigens that activated CD4+ T cells through the endosome/lysosome pathway. Our study thus indicates that distinct intracellular pathways are exploited for the priming of CD4+ and CD8+ T cells to A. fumigatus and suggests that CD4+ T cell vaccination may be able to overcome defective [. ] Research Article Immunology
Modulation of T cell development by an endogenous altered peptide ligand

T cells potentially encounter numerous endogenous peptides during selection in the thymus and in the periphery. We examined the impact of an endogenous peptide on in vivo T cell development, using a TCR transgenic mouse model based on a hemoglobin-specific T cell clone. In these mice, the transgenic beta chains paired with endogenous alpha chains. This led to a serendipitous primary reactivity to Ser69 peptide, an altered peptide ligand of the Hbd (64-76) epitope of the parent clone. Two Ser69-reactive T cell populations were identified. A smaller population of the Ser69-reactive T cells responded both to Ser69 and Hbd (64-76). A majority reacted only to Ser69, and not to Hbd(64-76); in fact, Hbd(64-76) was a specific TCR antagonist for these Ser69-only-reactive T cells. Thus, in this unique experimental system, Ser69 became an agonist, and Hbd (64-76) was an antagonist. Endogenous presentation of the antagonist ligand in the thymus selectively eliminated the high-avidity cells, while sparing low-avidity cells in the Ser69-reactive T cell repertoire. These results highlight how specificity guides developing T cells through a network of ligands and indicate that the endogenous peptide pool has a profound effect on T cell development and repertoire.
Formal Language Characterizations of P, NP, and PSPACE

Based on the notions of locality and recognizability for n-dimensional languages n-dimensionally colourable 1-dimensional languages are introduced. It is shown: A language L is in NP if and only if L is n-dimensionally colourable for some n. An analogous characterization in terms of deterministic n-dimensional colourability is obtained for P. The addition of one unbounded dimension for colouring leads to a characterization of PSPACE.
Interventions for preventing oral mucositis for patients with cancer receiving treatment.

BACKGROUND Treatment of cancer is increasingly more effective but is associated with short and long term side effects. Oral side effects remain a major source of illness despite the use of a variety of agents to prevent them. One of these side effects is oral mucositis (mouth ulcers). OBJECTIVES To evaluate the effectiveness of prophylactic agents for oral mucositis in patients with cancer receiving treatment, compared with other potentially active interventions, placebo or no treatment. SEARCH STRATEGY Electronic searches of Cochrane Oral Health Group and PaPaS Trials Registers (to 16 February 2011), CENTRAL (The Cochrane Library 2011, Issue 1), MEDLINE via OVID (1950 to 16 February 2011), EMBASE via OVID (1980 to 16 February 2011), CINAHL via EBSCO (1980 to 16 February 2011), CANCERLIT via PubMed (1950 to 16 February 2011), OpenSIGLE (1980 to 2005) and LILACS via the Virtual Health Library (1980 to 16 February 2011) were undertaken. Reference lists from relevant articles were searched and the authors of eligible trials were contacted to identify trials and obtain additional information. SELECTION CRITERIA Randomised controlled trials of interventions to prevent oral mucositis in patients receiving treatment for cancer. DATA COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS Information regarding methods, participants, interventions, outcome measures, results and risk of bias were independently extracted, in duplicate, by two review authors. Authors were contacted for further details where these were unclear. The Cochrane Collaboration statistical guidelines were followed and risk ratios calculated using random-effects models. MAIN RESULTS A total of 131 studies with 10,514 randomised participants are now included. Overall only 8% of these studies were assessed as being at low risk of bias. Ten interventions, where there was more than one trial in the meta-analysis, showed some statistically significant evidence of a benefit (albeit sometimes weak) for either preventing or reducing the severity of mucositis, compared to either a placebo or no treatment. These ten interventions were: aloe vera, amifostine, cryotherapy, granulocyte-colony stimulating factor (G-CSF), intravenous glutamine, honey, keratinocyte growth factor, laser, polymixin/tobramycin/amphotericin (PTA) antibiotic pastille/paste and sucralfate. AUTHORS' CONCLUSIONS Ten interventions were found to have some benefit with regard to preventing or reducing the severity of mucositis associated with cancer treatment. The strength of the evidence was variable and implications for practice include consideration that benefits may be specific for certain cancer types and treatment. There is a need for further well designed, and conducted trials with sufficient numbers of participants to perform subgroup analyses by type of disease and chemotherapeutic agent.
Computational and molecular analysis of conserved influenza A virus RNA secondary structures involved in infectious virion production

ABSTRACT As well as encoding viral proteins, genomes of RNA viruses harbor secondary and tertiary RNA structures that have been associated with functions essential for successful replication and propagation. Here, we identified stem-loop structures that are extremely conserved among 1,884 M segment sequences of influenza A virus (IAV) strains from various subtypes and host species using computational and evolutionary methods. These structures were predicted within the 3′ and 5′ ends of the coding regions of M1 and M2, respectively, where packaging signals have been previously proposed to exist. These signals are thought to be required for the incorporation of a single copy of 8 different negative-strand RNA segments (vRNAs) into an IAV particle. To directly test the functionality of conserved stem-loop structures, we undertook reverse genetic experiments to introduce synonymous mutations designed to disrupt secondary structures predicted at 3 locations and found them to attenuate infectivity of recombinant virus. In one mutant, predicted to disrupt stem loop structure at nucleotide positions 219–240, attenuation was more evident at increased temperature and was accompanied by an increase in the production of defective virus particles. Our results suggest that the conserved secondary structures predicted in the M segment are involved in the production of infectious viral particles during IAV replication.
Genomics Analysis of Genes Expressed in Maize Endosperm Identifies Novel Seed Proteins and Clarifies Patterns of Zein Gene Expression

We analyzed cDNA libraries from developing endosperm of the B73 maize inbred line to evaluate the expression of storage protein genes. This study showed that zeins are by far the most highly expressed genes in the endosperm, but we found an inverse relationship between the number of zein genes and the relative amount of specific mRNAs. Although α-zeins are encoded by large multigene families, only a few of these genes are transcribed at high or detectable levels. In contrast, relatively small gene families encode the γ- and δ-zeins, and members of these gene families, especially the γ-zeins, are highly expressed. Knowledge of expressed storage protein genes allowed the development of DNA and antibody probes that distinguish between closely related gene family members. Using in situ hybridization, we found differences in the temporal and spatial expression of the α-, γ-, and δ-zein gene families, which provides evidence that γ-zeins are synthesized throughout the endosperm before α- and δ-zeins. This observation is consistent with earlier studies that suggested that γ-zeins play an important role in prolamin protein body assembly. Analysis of endosperm cDNAs also revealed several previously unidentified proteins, including a 50-kD γ-zein, an 18-kD α-globulin, and a legumin-related protein. Immunolocalization of the 50-kD γ-zein showed this protein to be located at the surface of prolamin-containing protein bodies, similar to other γ-zeins. The 18-kD α-globulin, however, is deposited in novel, vacuole-like organelles that were not described previously in maize endosperm.
MANAGEMENT CONTROL PRACTICES IN THAI CULTURE

Ethnographic research methods were used in this study to investigate management control systems in use in a Thai owned company, the Saha Farms Company. The findings show that Thai culture has had a significant influence on management control practices at the Company. Komin (1990a, 1990b) writes from an insider's point of view about nine Thai value orientations that are to be seen in the very hierarchical Thai society. These nine cultural value orientations are ego, grateful relationship, smooth interpersonal relationship, flexibility and adjustment, religious-psychical, education and competence, interdependence, fun and pleasure, and task-achievement. These cultural values have such a strong influence on management control within the case company that other control systems, such as Western accounting controls, have very little influence on the internal control and management of the Company.
Central African Hunters Exposed to Simian Immunodeficiency Virus

HIV-seronegative Cameroonians with exposure to nonhuman primates were tested for simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV) infection. Seroreactivity was correlated with exposure risk (p<0.001). One person had strong humoral and weak cellular immune reactivity to SIVcol peptides. Humans are exposed to and possibly infected with SIV, which has major public health implications.