Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Topside equatorial ionospheric density, temperature, and composition under equinox, low solar flux conditions

We present observations of the topside ionosphere made at the Jicamarca Radio Observatory in March and September 2013, made using a full‐profile analysis approach. Recent updates to the methodology employed at Jicamarca are also described. Measurements of plasma number density, electron and ion temperatures, and hydrogen and helium ion fractions up to 1500 km altitude are presented for 3 days in March and September. The main features of the observations include a sawtooth‐like diurnal variation in ht, the transition height where the O+ ion fraction falls to 50%, the appearance of weak He+ layers just below ht, and a dramatic increase in plasma temperature at dawn followed by a sharp temperature depression around local noon. These features are consistent from day to day and between March and September. Coupled Ion Neutral Dynamics Investigation data from the Communication Navigation Outage Forecast System satellite are used to help validate the March Jicamarca data. The SAMI2‐PE model was able to recover many of the features of the topside observations, including the morphology of the plasma density profiles and the light‐ion composition. The model, forced using convection speeds and meridional thermospheric winds based on climatological averages, did not reproduce the extreme temperature changes in the topside between sunrise and noon. Some possible causes of the discrepancies are discussed.
Generating Harmonious Colors through the Combination of n-Grams and K-means

Among the many approaches to studying color harmony tried so far, a relatively recent method is to leverage a large number of human-created and ranked color palettes, such as those hosted at colourlovers.com. Analysis of these large datasets could provide insights into the nature of color harmony but is usually overwhelming because of the sheer number of slightly differing colors. It is possible to quantize the colors in these color palettes to a manageable set of discrete colors without significantly affecting the harmony perception of the palette. Considering the quantized colors as words and the palettes as sentences, it is possible to form and compute the probabilities of n-Grams in the sentences. In this study, we create bigrams and trigrams from the corpus of highly ranked color palettes and use them to predict new color combinations. Respondents were asked to like or dislike the patterns colored with these color combinations. It was found that the new color combinations thus formed were almost as harmonious and pleasing as the originals.
Representing eddy stress in an Arctic Ocean model

[1] Experiences with a number of ocean models have shown Arctic Ocean circulation to be quite dependent upon assumptions about eddy stresses. A key difference is between assuming that subgrid eddies act as friction and assuming that eddies act to generate entropy, propelling mean flows (sometimes called “neptune”). Fisheries and Oceans Canada is developing global ocean and sea ice modeling after Nucleus for European Modeling of the Ocean (NEMO). We have modified NEMO to include neptune as an alternative to friction. Consistent with previous modeling studies, our results show marked impacts. Neptune supports narrow cyclonic midwater and deepwater currents around the peripheries of Arctic basins. Neptune also induces two-way flows through channels in the Canadian Archipelago and limits the width of the ice tongue exiting at Fram Strait.
A Personalized Multidimensional Navigation in a Limited Visualization Context

The needs of decision-makers vary greatly depending on their specialties, expertise and knowledge and therefore they do not visualize decision-making data in the same way. Everyone can have their preferences and prerequisites. The multidimensional model, made up of a set of facts analyzed according to different dimensions, is intended for a set of decision-makers and includes all the indicators and axes of analysis of a particular domain. They do not consider the preferences of each decision maker. A personalization phase of this diagram according to the preferences of these decision-makers will improve the decision-making process. In addition, the limited capacity of the devices used (smartphones, tablets, etc.) for consulting the results of OLAP queries presents another challenge for users. In this context, we propose to express the preferences in the form of visualization constraints which will be applied to the schema to represent the result in an incremental way.
Point Cloud Completion Cascade Optimization Network Based on Feature Fusion

Due to the limitation of the resolution of 3D scanning equipment such as lidar, as well as the limitation of the scanning angle and mutual occlusion between objects, processing methods and other reasons, the collected 3D point cloud data is often sparse and incomplete. Existing point cloud completion networks do not sufficiently consider the importance of generating a rough shape with fine-grained details. Therefore, we adopt a coarse to fine strategy and introduce a shape completion network with dual branches. The first branch is used to generate a rough shape with some structural details, which is used to generate global features. In the second branch, we employ fine-grained shape completion from the encoder-decoder. These two branches share a global feature to complete the shape completion. The multi-scale point cloud features extracted by the encoder are fused with the global feature to provide accurate global information for the decoder to reconstruct the geometric details of the missing regions. In the design of the total loss function, we calculate the loss difference between the generated rough point cloud, refined point cloud and the real point cloud, which accumulate them. Quantitative and qualitative results of our method on the ShapeNet dataset demonstrate that our algorithm produces more realistic outputs than mainstream point cloud completion algorithms.
Incidence and Risk Factors of Post-operative Neurological Decline after 1 Complex Adult Spinal Deformity Surgery

Please cite this article as: Michael G. Fehlings, So Kato, Lawrence G. Lenke, Hiroaki Nakashima, Narihito Nagoshi, Christopher I. Shaffrey, Kenneth M.C. Cheung, Leah Carreon, Mark B. Dekutoski, Frank J. Schwab, Oheneba Boachie-Adjei, Khaled M. Kebaish, Christopher P. Ames, Yong Qiu, Yukihiro Matsuyama, Benny T. Dahl, Hossein Mehdian, Ferran Pellisé-Urquiza, Stephen J. Lewis, Sigurd H. Berven, Incidence and risk factors of post-operative neurological decline after complex adult spinal deformity surgery: results of the scoli-risk-1 study, The Spine Journal (2018), https://doi.org/10.1016/j.spinee. 2018.02. 001.
Chlamydia trachomatis : identifying women with tubal factor subfertility

Background Persistent Chlamydia (C.) trachomatis infections are assumed to increase the risk of tubal pathology. We studied whether serological markers, assumed to be associated with persistent C. trachomatis infections, could identify subfertile women at risk of tubal pathology. Methods Sera of 313 subfertile women, who all underwent a laparoscopy with tubal testing to assess the grade of tubal pathology, were tested for the presence of immunoglobulin (Ig) G and IgA antibodies to C. trachomatis, IgG antibodies to chlamydia heat shock protein 60 (cHSP60) and high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP). Results C. trachomatis IgA, cHSP60 IgG and hs-CRP, all serological markers of persistent infections, were significantly more prevalent in women with tubal pathology as compared to those without tubal pathology. The predictive value of the currently used screening test for tubal pathology (IgG to C. trachomatis) could be significantly improved by adding the hs-CRP test. Conclusions In subfertile women with tubal pathology, serological markers of persistent C. trachomatis infections are significantly more common as compared to women without tubal pathology. C. trachomatis IgG-positive subfertile women with slightly elevated (< 10 mg/L) hs-CRP levels are at highest risk of persistent C. trachomatis infections and tubal pathology. Thesis J den hartog V18.pdf Chapter 2 Markers of persistent infections 4 3
A Method of Analysis of the Stability of Embankments Assuming Parallel Inter-Slice Forces

Synopsis A method of analysis is described for determining the factor of safety of an embankment against failure on a cylindrical slip surface. The analysis is in terms of effectivce stress and leads to two equa-tions of equilibrium, the first in respect of forces and the second in respect of moments. Using this method of analysis, the factors affecting the accuracy of Bishop's simplified method have been investigated. Charts have been obtained for three different values of the pore pressure coefficient (ru) which identify the position of the critical slip circle. A set of stability charts is also given. On decrit une methode d'analyse pour determiner le facteur de securite d'un remblai contre la rupture sur une surface de glissement cylindrique. L'analyse est faite d'apres la contrainte effective ett amene a deux equations d'equilibre, la premiere se rapportant aux forces et la deuxieme aux moments. En utilisant cette method d'analyse, on a etudie les facteurs qui affectent la precision de la methode sim.
The influence of lithospheric flexure on magma ascent at large volcanoes on Venus

Large volcanoes on Venus exert large vertical loads on the lithosphere, which responds by deflecting downward. Stresses induced by this lithospheric flexure can have a strong influence on magma ascent pathways from the mantle source region to the surface. Here we propose that flexural stresses exert control over the shapes of volcanic edifices on Venus, applying criteria for magma ascent expressed in terms of stress orientations (can vertical dikes form? ) and gradients (is magma squeezed upward or downward in a vertical dike? ) to determine favored magma ascent paths and locations. For conical edifices emplaced on lithosphere with high elastic thickness Te, (e.g., > 40 km) both sets of magma ascent criteria are satisfied over the entire lithosphere, allowing essentially unimpeded ascent of magma to the surface and the formation of relatively steep edifices. However, for lower values of Te, high adverse stress gradients tend to cut off magma ascent beneath the summit, instead favoring lateral transport of magma at depth to distal regions with gentler stress gradients, resulting in domical edifice shapes. At the lowest values of Te (< 10 km), large short‐wavelength deflections of the lithosphere tend to produce narrow and widely spaced zones of magma ascent: Such zones may produce annular ridges of volcanic material, thereby generating forms characteristic of a subset of features known as “coronae” on Venus. Another subset of coronae may form by intrusive‐based generation of annular fractures at the edge of the summit region of domical edifices, as proposed for Alba Mons on Mars.
Empirical relationships between coloured dissolved organic matter (CDOM) absorption and apparent optical properties in Baltic Sea waters

Coloured dissolved organic matter (CDOM), also know as yellow substances, dissolved in Baltic Sea waters is a dominant constituent, absorbing light in the blue and green parts of the spectrum. The relative share of CDOM absorption in the total absorption of blue light can reach 80%. This causes a high correlation between the CDOM absorption coefficient a y(400) and irradiance diffuse attenuation coefficient K d(412). The seasonal variations of CDOM and particulate absorption have a combined effect on the magnitude and shape of the irradiance diffuse attenuation coefficient spectra, which is represented by a shift of the maximum transmission wavelength towards the red part of the spectrum. Such an effect has been observed in the Gulf of Gdansk during recent experiments. CDOM absorption also influences the shape of remote sensing reflectance spectra. Appropriate spectral bands for the construction of a local, empirical, remote sensing algorithm for quantification of CDOM absorption are proposed, based on the seasonal variability of remote sensing reflectance spectra. The empirical relationships between CDOM absorption and downwelling irradiance diffuse attenuation coefficient and spectral reflectance are presented and their potential for quantifying CDOM absorption is explored. The CDOM absorption coefficient is highly correlated with downwelling irradiance diffuse attenuation coefficient in the blue. The estimation of CDOM absorption using the downwelling irradiance measurements can be achieved with low errors: −4.6% systematic and 25.3% random. The estimation of CDOM absorption from empirical relationships between absorption and remote sensing reflectance suffers lower accuracy: 4% for systematic and 32% for random errors of estimates.
Ultrathin Dual-Band Circularly Polarized Antenna

This letter presents a dual-band circularly polarized microstrip antenna with an ultrathin substrate made of liquid crystal polymer (LCP). The proposed antenna consists of a gridded patch and a round of via fence for dual-band radiation and size miniaturization. Compared with the previous designs, the proposed antenna has two improvements in structures with merits: first, a parasitic patch is added below the gridded patch to tune the ratio of dual-band frequencies; second, a stacked feeding network with dual orthogonal L-shaped probes is designed for profile reduction, also providing the feasibility of differential feed and dual-linear polarization. Based on the codesign of the gridded patch, the parasitic patch, and the stacked feeding network, all layers of the antenna are clamped into a flexible board with an ultrathin thickness of 0.6 mm (0.013λ0, λ0 is the free-space wavelength at 6.5 GHz) and taped out with the flexible LCP process. The measured results show the bandwidths of total efficiency over 25% are 6.25–6.74 GHz and 7.92–8.17 GHz with circular polarization, proving to be a feasible solution for flexible antennas in space-limited mobile handsets.
Evaluating Uncertainty in Physical Habitat Modelling in a High‐Gradient Mountain Stream

Predictions of habitat‐based assessment methods that are used to determine instream flow requirements for aquatic biota are uncertain, but instream flow practitioners and managers often ignore those uncertainties. Two commonly recognized uncertainties arise from (i) estimating the way in which physical habitat within a river changes with discharge and (ii) the suitability of certain types of physical habitat for organisms. We explored how these sources of uncertainty affect confidence in the results of the British Columbia Instream Flow Methodology (BCIFM), which is a commonly used transect‐based habitat assessment tool for small‐scale water diversions. We calculated the chance of different magnitudes of habitat loss resulting from water diversion using a high‐gradient reach of the North Alouette River, BC, as a case study. We found that uncertainty in habitat suitability indices for juvenile rainbow trout generally dominated uncertainty in the results of the BCIFM when large (>15) numbers of transects were used. In contrast, with small numbers of transects, variation in physical habitat among sampled transects was the major source of uncertainty in the results of the BCIFM. Presentations of results of the BCIFM in terms of probabilities of different amounts of habitat loss for a given flow can help managers prescribe instream flow requirements based on their risk tolerance for fish habitat loss. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Assessing the Predictive Power of the Hemoglobin/Red Cell Distribution Width Ratio in Cancer: A Systematic Review and Future Directions

Background and Objectives: The hemoglobin (Hb)/red cell distribution width (RDW) ratio has emerged as an accessible, repeatable, and inexpensive prognostic factor that may predict survival in cancer patients. The focus of this systematic review is to investigate the prognostic role of the Hb/RDW ratio in cancer and the implications for clinical practice. Materials and Methods: A literature search of PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science databases was performed by an independent author between 18 March and 30 March 2023 to collect relevant literature that assessed the prognostic value of the Hb/RDW ratio in cancer. Overall survival (OS), progression-free survival (PFS), and the association of these with the Hb/RDW ratio were considered to be the main endpoints. Results: Thirteen retrospective studies, including 3818 cancer patients, were identified and involved in this review. It was observed that, when patients with a high vs. low Hb/RDW ratio were compared, those with a lower Hb/RDW ratio had significantly poorer outcomes (p < 0.05). In lung cancer patients, a one-unit increase in the Hb/RDW ratio reduces mortality by 1.6 times, whilst in esophageal squamous-cell carcinoma patients, a lower Hb/RDW ratio results in a 1.416-times greater risk of mortality. Conclusions: A low Hb/RDW ratio was associated with poor OS and disease progression in patients with cancer. This blood parameter should be considered a standard biomarker in clinical practice for predicting OS and PFS in cancer patients. Future searches will be necessary to determine and standardize the Hb/RDW cut-off value and to assess whether the Hb/RDW ratio is optimal as an independent prognostic factor or if it requires incorporation into risk assessment models for predicting outcomes in cancer patients.
To Develop or to Conserve? The Case of the Diyawanna Oya Wetlands in Sri Lanka

The study is the work of Thusitha Dilhani Marawila and Manoj Thibbotuwawa from the Institute of Policy Studies of Sri Lanka. It finds that the Diyawanna Oya wetlands generate benefits worth about LKR 3,890 million (USD 35 million) for the people who use the area for recreation. The welfare loss from developing this natural wetland area would be LKR.19. 45 million (or USD 173,107) per hectare. The study highlights the need for more to be done to conserve the wetlands and suggests a number of ways of generating revenue that could be used to fund wetland conservation and enhancement projects.
This paper is included in the Proceedings of the 17th USENIX Symposium on Operating Systems Design and Implementation

With the growing complexity of deep neural networks (DNNs), developing DNN programs with intricate control flow logic (e.g., loops, branches, and recursion) has become increasingly essential. However, executing such DNN programs efficiently on accelerators is challenging. Current DNN frameworks typically process control flow on the CPU, while offloading the remaining computations to accelerators like GPUs. This often introduces significant synchronization overhead between CPU and the accelerator, and prevents global optimization across control flow scopes. To address this challenge, we propose C OCKTAILER , a new DNN compiler that co-optimizes the execution of control flow and data flow on hardware accelerators. C OCKTAILER provides the u Task abstraction to unify the representation of DNN models, including both control flow and data flow. This allows C OCKTAILER to expose a holistic scheduling space for rescheduling control flow to the lower-level hardware parallelism of accelerators. C OCKTAILER uses a heuristic policy to find efficient schedules and is able to automatically move control flow into kernels of accelerators, enabling optimization across control flow boundaries. Evaluations demonstrate that C OCKTAILER can accelerate DNN models with control flow by up to 8.2 × over the fastest one of the state-of-the-art DNN frameworks and compilers.
This paper is included in the Proceedings of the 17th USENIX Symposium on Operating Systems Design and Implementation.

Disaggregated memory (DM) is an increasingly prevalent architecture in academia and industry with high resource utilization. It separates computing and memory resources into two pools and interconnects them with fast networks. Existing range indexes on DM are based on B+ trees, which suffer from large inherent read and write amplifications. The read and write amplifications rapidly saturate the network band-width, resulting in low request throughput and high access latency of B+ trees on DM. In this paper, we propose to use the radix tree, which is more suitable for DM than the B+ tree due to smaller read and write amplifications. However, constructing a radix tree on DM is challenging due to the costly lock-based concurrency control, the bounded memory-side IOPS, and the complicated computing-side cache validation. To address these challenges, we design SMART , the first radix tree for disaggregated memory with high performance. Specifically, we leverage 1) a hybrid concurrency control scheme including lock-free internal nodes and fine-grained lock-based leaf nodes to reduce lock overhead, 2) a computing-side read-delegation and write-combining technique to break through the IOPS upper bound by reducing redundant I/Os, and 3) a simple yet effective reverse check mechanism for computing-side cache validation. Experimental results show that SMART achieves 6 . 1 × higher throughput under typical write-intensive workloads and 2 . 8 × higher throughput under read-only workloads, compared with state-of-the-art B+ trees on DM.
This paper is included in the Proceedings of the 19th USENIX Symposium on Networked Systems Design and Implementation.

It is becoming increasingly popular for distributed systems to exploit ofﬂoad to reduce load on the CPU. Remote Direct Memory Access (RDMA) ofﬂoad, in particular, has become popular. However, RDMA still requires CPU intervention for complex ofﬂoads that go beyond simple remote memory access. As such, the ofﬂoad potential is limited and RDMA-based systems usually have to work around such limitations. We present RedN, a principled, practical approach to implementing complex RDMA ofﬂoads, without requiring any hardware modiﬁcations. Using self-modifying RDMA chains, we lift the existing RDMA verbs interface to a Turing complete set of programming abstractions. We explore what is possible in terms of ofﬂoad complexity and performance with a commodity RDMA NIC. We show how to integrate these RDMA chains into applications, such as the Memcached key-value store, allowing us to ofﬂoad complex tasks such as key lookups. RedN can reduce the latency of key-value get operations by up to 2.6 × compared to state-of-the-art KV designs that use one-sided RDMA primitives (e.g., FaRM-KV), as well as traditional RPC-over-RDMA approaches. Moreover, compared to these baselines, RedN provides performance isolation and, in the presence of contention, can reduce latency by up to 35 × while providing applications with failure resiliency to OS and process crashes.