Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Acute Response of High-Intensity and Traditional Resistance Exercise on Anaerobic Power

Abstract Austad, MA, Gay, CR, Murray, SR, and Pettitt, RW. Acute response of high-intensity and traditional resistance exercise on anaerobic power. J Strength Cond Res 27(9): 2444–2448, 2013—Quantifying the maximal work capacity (W') above the aerobic critical power (CP) has emerged as a method for estimating anaerobic work capacity. Slower cadence, lower-load resistance training (RT), colloquially referred to as high-intensity training (HIT), is purported to be a better metabolic stressor than faster cadence higher-load RT, but to date, this belief has not been supported by research. We compared the acute effects of HIT and traditional RT bouts on average power within a 150-second time period (P150 s), CP, and W', as measured from a 3-minute all-out exercise test using cycling ergometry (3 MT). Eight recreationally active male subjects (mean ± SD: age 22 ± 2 years, body mass 85 ± 14 kg, and height 18 ± 9 cm) completed a baseline 3 MT 10 repetition maximum testing on leg press and leg extension machines, and post-bout 3 MTs after an HIT (4:2 second cadence) or a traditional RT bout (1:1 second cadence). Measurements of CP from the 3 MTs were similar between the baseline, post-HIT (&agr; = 0.96), and post-traditional RT bouts (&agr; = 0.98). Neither HIT (269.2 ± 51.3 W) nor traditional RT (275.1 ± 51.3 W) evoked depreciations (p > 0.05) in P150 s from the baseline (275.1 ± 45.4 W). Moreover, estimates of W' at the baseline (8.3 ± 3.2 kJ) were unaffected (p > 0.05) either by the HIT (7.6 ± 2.3 kJ) or by the traditional RT (8.3 ± 1.3 kJ) bouts. These data indicate that the 4:2 cadence is insufficient to exhaust a person's capacity for high-intensity work. Longer RT durations, either by slower cadences or by multiple sets, are necessary to evoke substantive declines on W' and should be investigated.
Kejelekitan Sosial Komuniti Maya dan Hubungan Interpersoanal Melalui Komunikasi Berperantara Komputer

Internet yang terdapat dalam komputer digunakan oleh ahli komuniti maya untuk berkomunikasi antara satu dengan yang lain. Perisian berasaskan internet seperti Saling Bual Internet (Internet Relay Chat – IRC) merupakan satu contoh saluran bersifat interaktif yang dapat memenuhi matlamat hubungan interpersonal dan seterusnya mewujudkan kejelekitan sosial dalam komuniti maya. Kajian ini bertujuan meneroka taktik membina hubungan interpersonal melalui IRC dan mengkaji tahap hubungan interpersonal dan tahap kejelekitan sosial komuniti maya. Pendekatan kualitatif dan kuantitatif digunakan dalam kajian ini. Pendekatan kualitatif digunakan untuk mendapatkan taktik membina hubungan interpersonal melalui komunikasi berperantara komputer (KpK) oleh pengguna IRC melalui temubual dengan 4 orang informan. Sejumlah 42 taktik telah disenarai pendekkan dan diubahsuai bagi membentuk instrumen kajian yang digunakan dalam kajian kuantitatif. Kaedah tinjauan berbantukan borang soal selidik juga digunakan. Kafe Siber pelbagai lokasi yang mudah dicapai oleh enumerator merupakan lokasi utama kajian ini. Sejumlah 1025 pengguna IRC telah dipilih sebagai responden kajian ini. Pemilihan responden ini menggunakan teknik persampelan penglibatan sukarela berdasarkan ciri-ciri yang ditetapkan oleh penyelidik mengikut kesesuaian objektif kajian. Dalam kajian ini, tiga pemboleh ubah utama yang diukur iaitu taktik membina hubungan interpersonal melalui KpK, tahap hubungan interpersonal dan tahap kejelekitan sosial. Dapatan menunjukkan 4 taktik utama digunakan oleh pengguna IRC untuk membina hubungan interpersonal melalui IRC. Dari aspek tahap hubungan interpersonal dan tahap kejelekitan sosial, majoriti daripadanya mempunyai tahap hubungan interpersonal yang sederhana. Ujian korelasi Pearson menunjukkan perkaitan positif yang sederhana dan signifikan di antara tahap kejelekitan sosial dan tahap hubungan interpersonal dengan penggunaan taktik membina hubungan interpersonal melalui komunikasi berperantara komputer. Ujian MultiRegrasi menunjukkan penggunaan 6 taktik membina hubungan interpersonal menyumbang 40 peratus varians kepada perubahan tahap hubungan interpersonal dan 7 taktik membina hubungan interpersonal menyumbang 26 peratus varians kepada perubahan kejelekitan sosial. Dapatan ini mencadangkan beberapa taktik yang bersifat praktikal untuk diaplikasikan oleh pengguna Internet bagi tujuan membina hubungan interpersonal dan seterusnya meningkatkan kejelekitan sosial. Penggunaan taktik-taktik hasil kajian ini boleh mengurangkan impak negatif penggunaan IRC di kalangan masyarakat dan memberi implikasi kepada proses persefahaman budaya dan perpaduan negara.
IgM-forming cells as the immediate precursor of IgA-producing cells during ontogeny of the immunoglobulin-producing system of the chicken.

Chickens bursećtomized at hatch and treated with either anti-α or anti-µ had depressed serum levels of both IgM and IgA, whereas IgY production was unaffected. Chickens bursectomized at hatch and treated with anti-α + anti-µ combined had more severely depressed levels of serum IgM and IgA than bursectomized chickens treated with either antibody alone. The suppressive effects of anti-µ on IgA, anti-α on IgM, and the the additive suppressive effect of combined antibody treatment on both IgM and IgA suggest that IgA-producing cells are derived from IgM-forming precursor cells through a doubly-producing intermediate. The lack of suppressive effect on IgY production in birds having severe depression of IgM and IgA indicates that few if any IgY-forming cells serve as precursors for IgA-producing cells.
Fair Weather Avoidance: Unpacking Costs and Benefits in Replication of &Apos;Avoiding the Ask&Apos;

If being asked to give to charity stimulates an emotional response, like empathy, that makes giving difficult to resist, a natural self-control mechanism might be to avoid being asked in the first place. We replicate a result from a field experiment that points to the role of empathy in giving. We conduct an experiment in a large superstore in which we solicit donations to charity and randomly allow shoppers the opportunity to avoid solicitation by using the other door. We find the rate of avoidance by store entrants to be 4.5 percent. However, we also find that the avoidance effect disappears in very cold weather, suggesting that avoidance behavior is sensitive to its cost.
Influence of lipiodolization on a cirrhotic liver

Lipiodolization—selective regional cancer chemotherapy using Lipiodol plus an anticancer drug (LPD)—can prolong survival time of patients with an unresectable hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). To enhance understanding of LPD's influence on the cirrhotic liver, we carried out related studies. Forty‐three cirrhotic patients with HCC were treated with LPD (epirubicin in a dose of 15–40 mg/m2 and Lipiodol of 0.02–0.25 ml/kg). Seven cirrhotic patients with HCC were subjected to hepatic angiography alone, and these subjects selected randomly served as controls. Among the 43 treated with LPD, 23 belonged to Child's class A, 15 to class B, and 5 to class C. Blood samples were taken before angiography (pre) and at 24 hours after angiography (post) from each patient. Post/pre ratio of the following parameters were compared between patients of the two groups: sGOT, sGPT, and LDH as a marker for hepatocyte injury; t. bilirubin and hepaplastin test (HPT) as hepatocyte function; alkaline phosphatase and γ‐GTP to examine bile duct injury; and serum hyaluronic acid level to determine an endothelial cell functions. Post/pre ratio of serum GOT, GPT, LDH levels, and HPT in patients treated with vs. without LPD were 1.32 ± 0.59 vs. 0.92 ± 0.09 (P < 0.001), 1.18 ± 0.43 vs. 0.88 ± 0.09 (P < 0.001), 1.11 ± 0.20 vs. 1.00 ± 0.07 (P < 0.05), and 0.95 ± 0.10 vs. 1.09 ± 0.12 (P < 0.01), respectively. There were no significant differences in post/pre LPD ratio of other parameters, rates of complications, and hospital stay after LPD for patients with Child's class A, B, and C. Hepatocytes are apparently the primary site of injury in cases of LPD. LPDs, using epirubicin in a dose of 15–40 mg/m2 and Lipiodol in a dose of 0.02–0.25 ml/kg, proved to be safe for cirrhotic patients with HCC. © 1995 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Physiological Correlates of Tension and Antagonism During Psychotherapy: A Study of "Interpersonal Physiology"

Summary During psychotherapeutic interviews continuous and synchronous recordings were made of social interaction (Bales' method) and physiological activity. Selected categories of interaction of the patient were correlated with heart rate and lability of patient and therapist, and with skin temperature level and lability of patient. The results indicated that: The higher the number of "tension" scores for patient during a given interview, the higher the patient's heart rate. The higher the number of "tension release" scores for the patient the lower the patient's heart rate. In general, the patient's heart was most stable in the instances when the rate was fast and least stable when it was slow. The higher the number of "tension" scores for patient during a given interview, the higher the therapist's heart rate during that interview and the lower his heart lability. There was a tendency for the therapist's heart rate and lability to follow a pattern similar to that of the patient. For "antagonism" the patient and therapist tended to manifest opposite trends in cardiac functioning; the patient's heart rate would slow down whereas therapist's would speed up. (These relationships suggest a positive "physiological identification" of therapist with patient when the latter is expressing "tension" or "tension release" but a negative one when he is expressing direct "antagonism.") The patient appears to express "tension" more through his heart rate than skin temperature and "antagonism" through his skin temperature rather than heart rate. Thus the different "emotions" noted in this subject during psychotherapy tend to be expressed through different peripheral physiological pathways. The correlation between social behavior and autonomic physiology found in this investigation apply only to psychotherapy involving a specific patient and therapist. While they do not allow broad generalizations to other psychotherapeutic diads, they offer heuristic guidelines* for more extensive investigations in this area.
A substrate integrated magic-T based on higher order mode cavity and slotline

In this paper, a substrate integrated magic-T is presented and fabricated. It is based on the higher order mode cavity and buried slotline. The wideband transition of SIW TE20 mode is employed to realize the out-of-phase divider while the microstrip-to-slotline transition is used to realize the in-phase divider. The slot is etched on the top of the higher order mode cavity. The ground metal defects are buried inside the multilayer substrate, and thus, in practical applications, additional bolster is not required for the defected ground slot. It is convenient for the proposed magic-T to be integrated with other circuits.
Gap junction communication between uterine stromal cells plays a critical role in pregnancy-associated neovascularization and embryo survival

In the uterus, the formation of new maternal blood vessels in the stromal compartment at the time of embryonic implantation is critical for the establishment and maintenance of pregnancy. Although uterine angiogenesis is known to be influenced by the steroid hormones estrogen (E) and progesterone (P), the underlying molecular pathways remain poorly understood. Here, we report that the expression of connexin 43 (Cx43), a major gap junction protein, is markedly enhanced in response to E in uterine stromal cells surrounding the implanted embryo during the early phases of pregnancy. Conditional deletion of the Cx43 gene in these stromal cells and the consequent disruption of their gap junctions led to a striking impairment in the development of new blood vessels within the stromal compartment, resulting in the arrest of embryo growth and early pregnancy loss. Further analysis of this phenotypical defect revealed that loss of Cx43 expression resulted in aberrant differentiation of uterine stromal cells and impaired production of several key angiogenic factors, including the vascular endothelial growth factor (Vegf). Ablation of CX43 expression in human endometrial stromal cells in vitro led to similar findings. Collectively, these results uncovered a unique link between steroid hormone-regulated cell-cell communication within the pregnant uterus and the development of an elaborate vascular network that supports embryonic growth. Our study presents the first evidence that Cx43-type gap junctions play a critical and conserved role in modulating stromal differentiation, and regulate the consequent production of crucial paracrine signals that control uterine neovascularization during implantation.
Evaluation of breast cancer risk assessment techniques: a cost-effectiveness analysis.

OBJECTIVE Assess the effectiveness and cost-effectiveness of using biomarkers and risk assessment tools to stratify women for breast cancer preventive interventions. METHODS A Markov model was developed to compare risk management strategies for high-risk women considering chemoprevention. Annual screening is compared to the use of chemoprevention for all women and the use of risk assessment technologies to stratify patients for chemoprevention. The biomarker atypia was used to stratify women by risk. Random fine-needle aspiration (rFNA) and ductal lavage (DL) were evaluated and compared as the risk assessment tools used to discover atypia. Sensitivity analyses explore assumptions regarding the prognostic and predictive characteristics of atypia, both the relative breast cancer risk and benefit from chemoprevention women with atypia incur. RESULTS Risk assessment strategies using rFNA or DL in combination with chemoprevention are found to be cost-effective (<$50,000 per life year saved) in high-risk groups under most scenarios. Both strategies were more effective and less costly in younger cohorts. Effectiveness of the risk assessment strategies increased when higher risk and increased benefit from chemoprevention were associated with atypia. Within the scenarios tested, rFNA is less costly than DL. CONCLUSION rFNA and DL appear to be cost-effective in high-risk women, assuming women with detected atypia choose tamoxifen. The tools are largely effective for women who are not motivated to take tamoxifen but would be if atypia were found. As biomarker risk assessment tools better predict the risk of breast cancer and or benefit of interventions, their cost-effectiveness increases.
Listening to Speech : An Auditory Perspective

Contents: S. Greenberg, Preface. Part I: Introduction. W. Ainsworth, S. Greenberg, Auditory Processing of Speech. Part II: Acoustic and Perceptual Cues Germane to the Perception of Speech. A. van Wieringen, L. Pols, Perception of Highly Dynamic Properties in Speech. R. Drullman, The Significance of Temporal Modulation Frequencies for Speech Intelligibility. D. Kewley-Port, A. Neel, Perception of Dynamic Properties of Speech: Peripheral and Central Processes. Part III: Anatomical and Physiological Bases of Speech Perception. C.M. Hackney, From Cochlea to Cortex: A Simple Anatomical Description. J.C. Adams, Neuroanatomical Considerations of Speech Processing. E. Budinger, P. Heil, Anatomy of the Auditory Cortex. M.B. Sachs, B.J. May, G.S. Le Prell, R.D. Hienz, Adequacy of Auditory-Nerve Rate Representations of Vowels: Comparison With Behavioral Measures in Cat. C.E. Schreiner, S.W. Wong, H.R. Dinse, Temporal Processing in Cat Primary Auditory Cortex: Dynamic Frequency Tuning and Spectro-Temporal Representation of Speech Sounds. G. Meyer, Anatomical and Physiological Bases of Speech Perception. Part IV: Neuroethological Parallels to Speech Processing. N. Suga, Basic Acoustic Patterns and Neural Mechanisms Shared by Humans and Animals for Auditory Perception. C.H. Brown, J.M. Sinnott, Cross-Species Comparisons of Vocal Perception. K.R. Kluender, A.J. Lotto, L.L. Holt, Contributions of Nonhuman Animal Models to Understanding Human Speech Perception. Part V: Robustness of Spoken Language in Adverse Acoustic Environments and Its Utility for Speech Recognition. A.Q. Summerfield, J.F. Culling, P.F. Assmann, The Perception of Speech Under Adverse Conditions: Contributions of Spectro-Temporal Peaks, Periodicity, and Interaural Timing to Perceptual Robustness. L. Deng, H. Sheikhzadeh, Use of Temporal Codes Computed From a Cochlear Model for Speech Recognition. R.D. Patterson, T.R. Anderson, K. Francis, Binaural Auditory Images for Noise-Resistant Speech Recognition. Part VI: Speech Perception by the Hearing and Language Impaired. B.C.J. Moore, Factors Affecting Speech Intelligibility for People With Cochlear Hearing Loss. R.V. Shannon, Q-J. Fu, F-G. Zeng, J. Wygonski, Prosthetic Hearing: Implications for Pattern Recognition in Speech. B.A. Wright, Perceptual Learning of Temporally Based Auditory Skills Thought to Be Deficient in Children With Specific Language Impairment. A. Faulkner, S. Rosen, Speech Perception and Auditory Impairment: The Roles of Temporal and Spectral Information. Part VII: Auditory Scene Analysis and the Perceptual Organization of Speech. R.M. Warren, The Relation of Speech Perception to the Perception of Nonverbal Auditory Patterns. N.P.M. Todd, C.S. Lee, D.J. O'Boyle, A Sensorimotor Theory of Speech Perception: Implications for Learning, Organization, and Recognition. G.J. Brown, D. Wang, Timing Is of the Essence: Neural Oscillator Models of Auditory Grouping in Speech. D. Ellis, Modeling the Auditory Component of Speech. Part VIII: Conclusion. S. Greenberg, A Multi-Tier Framework for Understanding Spoken Language.
Roles of P2‐Purinoceptors in the Cardiovascular System

Characterization of P2-purinoceptor subtypes has facilitated understanding of the many diverse effects produced by purine nucleotides. P2X-Purinoceptors are located on vascular smooth muscle where they mediate vasoconstriction resulting from ATP released as a cotransmitter with noradrenaline from sympathetic nerves. P2Y-Purinoceptors are usually located on the vascular endothelium where they have a role as mediators of vascular relaxation by locally produced ATP. In some vessels, P2Y-purinoceptors are also located on the smooth muscle, perhaps in association with purinergic or sensory nerves, where they can elicit direct relaxation to neuronally released ATP. The net effect of ATP and its analogues on isolated vessels or on vascular beds will be the results of actions mediated by P2X- and P2Y-purinoceptor subtypes, although changes in vascular tone and in integrity of nerves and endothelial cells may alter the balance of the response. Such changes have been observed in diseased states (e.g., atherosclerosis) and may have important implications for the involvement of P2-purinoceptors in, for example, vasospasm. The development of selective and potent antagonists to P2X- and P2Y-purinoceptors has so far remained elusive, and their therapeutic potential can only be guessed.
Serum and Tissue Concentrations of Cefoxitin and Cefamandole in Women Undergoing Hysterectomy

To prevent infection in 40 patients who underwent vaginal or abdominal hysterectomy, each patient received a single 15-mg/kg dose of either cefoxitin or cefamandole by rapid (5- minute) intravenous injection before the operation. Samples of serum, myometrium, endometrium, ovaries, and tubes were obtained at various intervals after injection of the antibiotic and were assayed for cephalosporin concentration. Maximum tissue concentrations of 30 μg/g of both drugs were detected approximately 30 minutes after the dose, with levels dropping below 3 μg/g in approximately 2 hours. Although both antibiotics achieved closely similar concentrations in serum and tissues, the ratios of these levels to their usual mean minimum inhibitory concentrations for Bacteroides fragilis were appreciably higher for cefoxitin than for cefamandole. These pharmacokinetic observations support the current dosage recommendations for the use of cefoxitin in treating and preventing gynecologic infections, as well as the recommendation that it be administered shortly before the operation to maximize tissue levels during the perioperative period.
Targeting Cas Family Proteins as a Novel Treatment for Breast Cancer

Frequently, breast cancer is treated before and after surgery with chemotherapy, hormone, and radiation therapies. However, breast cancers can evolve and stop responding to chemotherapeutic drugs, including adriamycin (doxorubicin), and hormone therapy with tamoxifen. A new generation of targeted biological agents demonstrates a high effectiveness at lower toxicity. Treatment with these specific drugs is limited to subsets of breast cancers that depend on their targets, and eventually patients develop resistance to these drugs as well. This strongly indicates the need to develop novel approaches to fight breast tumor cells and to prevent or reduce drug-resistance. The Cas family of proteins play significant roles in development, proliferation, cell cycle control, cell survival, migration, and invasion. Some of its members, in particular p130Cas/BCAR1, has been implicated with tamoxifen as well as adriamycin resistance in mammary tumors. Here we review the role of the Cas family of proteins in breast cancer and summarize the potential development of anti-cancer therapeutics targeting this important family of adapter-type proteins.
Effects of Tai Chi versus Proprioception Exercise Program on Neuromuscular Function of the Ankle in Elderly People: A Randomized Controlled Trial

Background. Tai Chi is a traditional Chinese medicine exercise used for improving neuromuscular function. This study aimed to investigate the effects of Tai Chi versus proprioception exercise program on neuromuscular function of the ankle in elderly people. Methods. Sixty elderly subjects were randomly allocated into three groups of 20 subjects per group. For 16 consecutive weeks, subjects participated in Tai Chi, proprioception exercise, or no structured exercise. Primary outcome measures included joint position sense and muscle strength of ankle. Subjects completed a satisfaction questionnaire upon study completion in Tai Chi and proprioception groups. Results. (1) Both Tai Chi group and proprioception exercise group were significantly better than control group in joint position sense of ankle, and there were no significant differences in joint position sense of ankle between TC group and PE group. (2) There were no significant differences in muscle strength of ankle among groups. (3) Subjects expressed more satisfaction with Tai Chi than with proprioception exercise program. Conclusions. None of the outcome measures on neuromuscular function at the ankle showed significant change posttraining in the two structured exercise groups. However, the subjects expressed more interest in and satisfaction with Tai Chi than proprioception exercise.
Plurality in Orthodox and Heterodox Economics

Several observers have noted signs of a growing plurality in mainstream economics. At the same time there has been a growing emphasis in heterodox economics on commonality. The purpose of this paper is to explore the nature of plurality in economics in order to make sense of these characterisations, and to consider the issues raised by this plurality. The critical factor is to distinguish between plurality at the level of theory and evidence, at the level of methodological approach (plurality of methods), and at the meta-methodological level (a plurality of methodologies). First it is argued that, while there is plurality at the level of theory and even of type of evidence in orthodox economics, there continues to be monism in terms of methodological approach, and in attitude to methodological alternatives. In heterodox economics, the commonality of methodological approach does not go far before emerging pluralistically into a variety of approaches. Indeed there is, at the meta-methodological level, a range of arguments in heterodox economics for a plurality of methodologies, that is, a recognition that it is legitimate (if not inevitable) that there is more than one approach to economics.