Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Load-Balanced Parallel Implementation on GPUs for Multi-Scalar Multiplication Algorithm

Multi-scalar multiplication (MSM) is an important building block in most of elliptic-curve-based zero-knowledge proof systems, such as Groth16 and PLONK. Recently, Lu et al. proposed cuZK, a new parallel MSM algorithm on GPUs. In this paper, we revisit this scheme and present a new GPU-based implementation to further improve the performance of MSM algorithm. First, we propose a novel method for mapping scalars into Pippenger’s bucket indices, largely reducing the number of buckets compared to the original Pippenger algorithm. Second, in the case that memory is sufficient, we develop a new efficient algorithm based on homogeneous coordinates in the bucket accumulation phase. Moreover, our accumulation phase is load-balanced, which means the parallel speedup ratio is almost linear growth as the number of device threads increases. Finally, we also propose a parallel layered reduction algorithm for the bucket aggregation phase, whose time complexity remains at the logarithmic level of the number of buckets. The implementation results over the BLS12-381 curve on the V100 graphics card show that our proposed algorithm achieves up to 1.998x, 1.821x and 1.818x speedup compared to cuZK at scales of 221, 222, and 223, respectively.
MIMIC MODEL OF PROBLEMATIC INTERNET USE SHORT FORM (PIUQ-SF 6) IN INDONESIA

The Problematic Internet Use Questionnaire (PIUQ) consists of three dimensions (Demotrovics, 2016): Obsession (i.e., obsessive thoughts about the internet, and mental withdrawal symptoms when there is a lack of internet use), neglect (i.e., ignoring basic needs and daily activities), and impaired self-control (i.e., difficulty in controlling the internet). This study aims to analyse the PIUQ measuring instrument further using the Rating Scale analysis technique. The number of respondents in this study was 550, who was chosen voluntarily by spreading it on social media. The findings show that this unidimensional PIUQ has excellent validity quality and good item reliability and can be profitable if used on a large scale because of the small number of items. The MIMIC model is ideal; the absence of susceptibility to differences in characteristics indicates that the scale used in the measurement remains consistent in a heterogeneous population.
End to End Urdu Abstractive Text Summarization With Dataset and Improvement in Evaluation Metric

Urdu, being a common language in South Asia, has not received significant attention in terms of language processing compared to more advanced languages. In the field of Natural Language Processing (NLP), the task of text summarization holds great importance due to its ability to comprehend textual content and generate concise summaries. Text summarization can be either extractive or abstractive in nature. While considerable efforts have been made to advance extractive summarization techniques, the limitations associated with it have been extensively explored and explained in the paper. However, the domain of abstractive summarization for the Urdu language remains largely unexplored. The challenges and underlying factors that have impeded progress in this domain have also been addressed. This paper specifically focuses on abstractive summarization of the Urdu language using supervised learning. To accomplish this, a labeled dataset consisting of Urdu text and its abstractive summaries is required. A dataset of Urdu text and its corresponding abstractive summaries has been prepared for the purpose of supervised learning. Additionally, the paper presents the results of summary generation, measured in terms of a rough score. Transformer’s encoder-decoder network was employed to generate abstractive summaries in Urdu, yielding a ROUGE-1 score of 25.18 in Urdu text summarization. Moreover, a novel evaluation metric called the “disconnection rate” has been introduced as a context-aware evaluation metric to enhance the assessment of a summary, known as the Context Aware RoBERTa Score.
Autoimmune thyroid disease.

Autoimmune mechanisms are responsible for only about 10% of all clinically apparent thyroid disorders. However, they play a major role in two of the three serious entities: Graves' disease and Hashimoto's thyroiditis. The complex questions that still persist with regard to the etiology and character of the autoimmune processes—and their clinical implications—are discussed.
Per-domain packet scale rate guarantee for expedited forwarding

The expedited forwarding per-hop behavior (EF PHB) was recently replaced by a new definition, called packet scale rate guarantee (PSRG), under the Differentiated Services (DiffServ) framework. This replacement raises two challenges. One is the implementation of a PSRG server. Another is the provision of per-domain PSRG. Specifically, for the former, an open issue is whether hierarchical schedulers can provide PSRG; for the latter, it is not clear whether and how per-domain PSRG can be provided in the presence of flow aggregation. Since, in DiffServ networks, flow aggregation is a natural phenomenon and hierarchical scheduling is high-likely desired, these two challenges become even more critical. To address the first challenge, we introduce a new concept called latency-rate worst-case service guarantee (LR-WSG). We prove that, if a server provides LR-WSG, it also provides PSRG. We show that many well-known schedulers support LR-WSG, which include not only one-level schedulers but also their hierarchical versions. To address the second challenge, we first prove that PSRG can be extended from per-node to per-domain if no flow aggregation is performed. The proof is notable in that it depends solely on the concept of PSRG itself. We then investigate the provision of per-domain PSRG in presence of flow aggregation. We propose to use packet scale fair aggregator (PSFA) to aggregate flows. We show that, with PSFA, per-domain PSRG can be provided in spite of flow aggregation. We finally provide a brief discuss on the viability of using PSFA in DiffServ networks and define an expedited forwarding per-domain behavior (EF PDB)
A Constructive Algebraic Hierarchy in Coq

We describe a framework of algebraic structures in the proof assistant Coq. We have developed this framework as part of the FTA project in Nijmegen, in which a constructive proof of the fundamental theorem of algebra has been formalized in Coq.The algebraic hierarchy that is described here is both abstract and structured. Structures like groups and rings are part of it in an abstract way, defining e.g. a ring as a tuple consisting of a group, a binary operation and a constant that together satisfy the properties of a ring. In this way, a ring automatically inherits the group properties of the additive subgroup. The algebraic hierarchy is formalized in Coq by applying a combination of labelled record types and coercions. In the labelled record types of Coq, one can use dependent types: the type of one label may depend on another label. This allows us to give a type to a dependent-typed tuple like 〈A, f, a〉, where A is a set, f an operation on A and a an element of A. Coercions are functions that are used implicitly (they are inferred by the type checker) and allow, for example, to use the structure A := 〈A, f, a〉 as a synonym for the carrier set A, as is often done in mathematical practice. Apart from the inheritance and reuse of properties, the algebraic hierarchy has proven very useful for reusing notations.
Monitoring Annual and Seasonal Variability of Dinoflagellate Blooms in Monterey Bay, California (USA) with the Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectrometer

Dinoflagellate blooms in Monterey Bay, California (USA) have recently increased in frequency and intensity. Six years of satellite imagery from the Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectrometer (MODIS) is used to describe the annual and seasonal variability of bloom activity within the Bay. Three classes of MODIS algorithms were correlated against in situ chlorophyll measurements. The FLH algorithm provided the most robust estimate of bloom activity. Elevated concentrations of phytoplankton were evident during the months of AugustNovember, a period during which increased occurrences of dinoflagellate blooms have been observed in situ. Seasonal patterns of FLH show the onand offshore movement of areas of high phytoplankton biomass between oceanographic seasons. Higher concentrations of phytoplankton are also evident in the vicinity of the land-based nutrient sources and outflows, and the cyclonic bay-wide circulation can transport these nutrients to the northern Bay bloom incubation region.
Valoración económica de los beneficios en la salud asociados a la reducción de la contaminación del aire: el caso de la Gran Área Metropolitana de Costa Rica

Debido a la dinamica de alta densidad poblacional y los elevados niveles de contaminacion, la relacion entre la calidad del aire y la salud es un problema casi exclusivo de las ciudades. Existe un creciente interes por parte del sector cientifico y por diversas agencias de salud publica, para determinar el valor de los costos economicos que ocasiona la contaminacion derivada de las actividades antropogenicas ya que, solo si se comprende la magnitud de los danos en terminos monetarios, sera posible realizar una incidencia politica efectiva sobre los tomadores de decisiones. Bajo ese contexto, el presente trabajo analiza el impacto de la degradacion en la calidad del aire sobre la salud y realiza una valoracion economica de los beneficios que se podrian obtener si se redujera la carga de contaminacion atmosferica de acuerdo a distintos estandares de calidad del aire, esto para un sector especifico de la denominada Gran Area Metropolitana (GAM) en Costa Rica.
Local Regimes of Atmospheric Variability: A Case Study of Southern California

Abstract The primary regimes of local atmospheric variability are examined in a 6-km regional atmospheric model of the southern third of California, an area of significant land surface heterogeneity, intense topography, and climate diversity. The model was forced by reanalysis boundary conditions over the period 1995–2003. The region is approximately the same size as a typical grid box of the current generation of general circulation models used for global climate prediction and reanalysis product generation, and so can be thought of as a laboratory for the study of climate at spatial scales smaller than those resolved by global simulations and reanalysis products. It is found that the simulated circulation during the October–March wet season, when variability is most significant, can be understood through an objective classification technique in terms of three wind regimes. The composite surface wind patterns associated with these regimes exhibit significant spatial structure within the model domain, con.
The Moderating Effect of Transformational Leadership on the Relationship between Employee Happiness and Organizational Citizenship Behavior

Sometimes, employees in every organization are treated with little empathy, which lowers their motivation to execute their tasks. Organizational citizenship behavior is often related to increased organizational effectiveness. Understanding the moderating role of transformational leadership can help organizations tailor their leadership approaches to maximize the positive outcomes associated with employee happiness, ultimately contributing to the overall success of the organization. As a result, the purpose of this study is to investigate organizational citizenship behavior, transformational leadership, and employee happiness. The study's goals are to: (i) determine the effect of employee happiness on organizational citizenship behavior; and (ii) examine the moderating effect of transformational leadership on the relationship between employee happiness and organizational citizenship behavior. The population of the study consisted of 345 workers from the Lagos State Ministry of Employment. The sample size of 183 was chosen using an online sample size calculator, and the study employed stratified sampling. The study used Social Package for Social Sciences for descriptive statistics and Smart PLS 4 for inferential statistics. According to the findings, transformational leadership moderates the relationship between employee happiness and organizational citizenship behavior. The current study has made an effort to address all of the research questions and aims, despite some of its limitations.
COST 279 TD ( 02 ) 02 On largerandomgraphsof the “ Internettype ” HannuReittuandIlkka Norros VTT InformationTechnology

We analysea randomgraphwherethenodedegreesare(almost)independent andhave a distribution with finite meanbut infinite variance. We sketcha proof that the distancebetweentwo arbitrarily chosennodesof the giant componentgrows as slowly as , where denotesthe numberof nodes. Many stepsof the proof aremaderigorous,whereassomeremain still on an intuitive level. It is shown that very large nodesform a spontaneouslyarising“core network” whichplaysacrucialrole in theconnecti vity, althoughits proportionalsizegoesto zero as .
A Provably-Secure and Efficient Verifier-Based Anonymous Password-Authenticated Key Exchange Protocol

Anonymous password-based authenticated key exchange (APAKE) protocols are a topic of ongoing research interest. However, the security of existing APAKE protocols is generally provided in the random oracle model, and in these protocols, passwords are stored in cleartext on the server. However, proofs of security in the random oracle model do not necessarily imply security in the real world. Recent high profile incidents also indicate the real risk of a server being compromised and information stored on the server leaked. Verifier-based password-authenticated key exchange (VPAKE) protocols have been identified as a viable solution to overcome such limitations. In this paper, we propose a novel verifier-based anonymous password-authenticated key exchange (VAPAKE) protocol constructed using smooth projective hashing function. The proposed protocol only involves two-round interactions for mutual implicit authentication. We then prove the security of the protocol in the standard model.
Etude on theme of Dijkstra

We present a tutorial for undergraduate students who are interested in different programming contests like National Programming Olympiads or regional ACM International Collegiate Programming Contests (ACM ICPC). It is based on a problem discussed by E. W. Dijkstra in a public lecture in 1994. The tutorial was a part of a special undergraduate course presented for students of Novosibirsk State University in 2003-04 academic year during their preparation for ACM ICPC Final at Prague (2004). The original problem is how to couple <i>N</i> black and <i>N</i> white points on the plane by intervals without intersections. E. W. Dijkstra suggested a nice heuristic search algorithm and proved its termination and correctness by the method of R. W. Floyd. Unfortunately, the upper bound of his algorithm was exponential. Due to this reason, he suggested to audience investigation of the problem complexity and development of an efficient algorithm. We demonstrate that the problem is decidable in cubic time by quadratic reduction to the classical assignment problem. We also discuss how to solve the coupling problem in pure geometric/topological way. We also present some examples of utility of the coupling problem.
Strong Consistency of the Good-Turing Estimator

We consider the problem of estimating the total probability of all symbols that appear with a given frequency in a string of i.i. d. random variables with unknown distribution. We focus on the regime in which the block length is large yet no symbol appears frequently in the string. This is accomplished by allowing the distribution to change with the block length. Under a natural convergence assumption on the sequence of underlying distributions, we show that the total probabilities converge to a deterministic limit, which we characterize. We then show that the good-turing total probability estimator is strongly consistent
Juggling Priorities: Female Mating Tactics in Phayre's Leaf Monkeys

Extended sexual receptivity in primates is thought to facilitate paternity confusion, thus decreasing the risk of infanticide. However, females might also provide some indication of ovulation to attract preferred males during fertile periods. We examined female mate preferences across defined receptive periods (N = 59) in a group of wild Phayre's leaf monkeys (Trachypithecus phayrei crepusculus) at Phu Khieo Wildlife Sanctuary (February–September 2006; 2,603 contact hours). The group contained seven cycling adult females and three reproductively active males (one adult and two adolescents). We predicted that females would prefer the adult male during periovulatory (POP) receptive periods, but the adolescent males during nonperiovulatory (NPOP) and postconceptive (PC) periods. We collected focal and ad libitum data on sexual and agonistic behaviors to determine female preferences and male awareness of female fertility. We also determined the degree of mating overlap to assess if males were capable of monopolizing females. Our results indicate that females were more frequently proceptive and receptive toward the adult male during POP. By contrast, females were more proceptive and receptive toward one of the adolescent males during PC periods, but rarely interacted with the other adolescent. Patterns of attractivity and agonism across receptive periods suggested that the adult male could detect fertility, while the preferred adolescent could not. Finally, we found a high degree of overlap in total receptive period days, but a low degree of overlap in POP receptive days, suggesting that the adult male might have monopolized females, especially since he seemed to be aware of female fertility. Although these results suggest that females provide some information on ovulation, they also suggest that females attempt to confuse paternity, perhaps capitalizing on male differences in the ability to detect fertility. Am. J. Primatol. 74:471‐481, 2012. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Political economies of climate change

Political economy approaches across the social sciences provide powerful explanations for important dynamics within the global response to climate change. This article discusses in particular how they provide explanations of the social origins of greenhouse gas emissions, the dominant policy and governance responses to climate change, recurrent political conflicts over these responses, and the patterns of bargaining between states, businesses, and other actors. Underlying these dynamics are a set of contradictions or tensions between the character of capitalism as a social system and the demands of decarbonizing the global economy, specifically: between the imperative for growth that constrains and shapes responses; concerning the power of large transnational businesses and other incumbent interests to block responses; and over the embeddedness of carbon emissions in daily life. The article explores the implications of these contradictions as well as some of the important theoretical debates about the limits of political economy approaches.
Nitrogen Application and Rhizosphere Effect Exert Opposite Effects on Key Straw-Decomposing Microorganisms in Straw-Amended Soil

Crop residue decomposition is an important part of the carbon cycle in agricultural ecosystems, and microorganisms are widely recognized as key drivers during this process. However, we still know little about how nitrogen (N) input and rhizosphere effects from the next planting season impact key straw-decomposing microbial communities. Here, we combined amplicon sequencing and DNA-Stable Isotope Probing (DNA-SIP) to explore these effects through a time-series wheat pot experiment with four treatments: 13C-labeled maize straw addition with or without N application (S1N1 and S1N0), and no straw addition with or without N application (S0N1 and S0N0). The results showed that straw addition significantly reduced soil microbial alpha diversity in the early stages. Straw addition changed microbial beta diversity and increased absolute abundance in all stages. Growing plants in straw-amended soil further reduced bacterial alpha diversity, weakened straw-induced changes in beta diversity, and reduced bacterial and fungal absolute abundance in later stages. In contrast, N application could only increase the absolute abundance of soil bacteria and fungi while having little effect on alpha and beta diversity. The SIP-based taxonomic analysis of key straw-decomposing bacteria further indicated that the dominant phyla were Actinobacteria and Proteobacteria, with overrepresented genera belonging to Vicinamibacteraceae and Streptomyces. Key straw-decomposing fungi were dominated by Ascomycota, with overrepresented genera belonging to Penicillium and Aspergillus. N application significantly increased the absolute abundance of key straw-decomposing microorganisms; however, this increase was reduced by the rhizosphere effect. Overall, our study identified key straw-decomposing microorganisms in straw-amended soil and demonstrated that they exhibited opposite responses to N application and the rhizosphere effect.
Assessment of reliability in isokinetic testing among adolescent basketball players.

BACKGROUND The reproducibility of day-to-day testing of isokinetic concentric and eccentric muscular actions among adolescent basketball players aged 14 to 16 years and relationships of mean within-subject variation in two isokinetic testing sessions with chronological age, biological maturation (estimated age at peak height velocity), training experience, body size, lower-body morphology, and initial strength performance were evaluated. MATERIAL AND METHODS The sample included 27 basketball players who completed replicate test sessions of 5 repetitions of reciprocal concentric and eccentric knee extensions and flexions at 60º s(-1). A randomly selected subsample of 8 players completed a third testing session to confirm reliability estimates. RESULTS Coefficients of variation (CV) between sessions 1 and 2 ranged from 8.1% to 17.4%, and intraclass coefficients (ICCs) ranged from 0.72 to 0.89. For sessions 1 and 3, CVs ranged from 3.9% to 6.0%, and ICCs ranged from 0.95 to 0.99. The initial level of strength of eccentric knee flexion (r=-0.43) and eccentric knee extension (r=-0.42) were correlated (P<0.05) with eccentric knee extension within-variation between two sessions. Training experience (r=-0.37, P<0.05) and initial values of concentric knee flexion (r=-0.62, P<0.01) were correlated with concentric knee flexion within-subject differences. Within-subject variation of eccentric knee extension was correlated (P<0.05) with chronologic age (r=0.41), estimated age at peak height velocity (r=-0.38), body size (r=0.41 to 0.47), and leg volume (r=0.39). CONCLUSIONS Familiarization sessions may improve the reliability of concentric and eccentric knee isokinetic strength testing at 60º s(-1) in adolescent basketball players. Age, maturity status, and training experience of young athletes should be considered when testing knee isokinetic strength at 60º s(-1).
Maximizing single connection TCP goodput by trading bandwidth for BER

All other conditions being equal, the end‐to‐end throughput of a TCP connection depends on the packet loss rate at the IP level. This is an issue when IP runs on a wireless link, where the bit error rate is variable and typically much higher than it is on fixed links. Especially on physical links where the bandwidth delay product is high, TCP performance is significantly impaired by apparently low values of the bit error rate. Generally speaking, on a wireless link bandwidth can be traded for information quality (error rate), the simplest method being to change the type or parameters of forward error correction. On this basis, we show a general method of taking advantage of this trade‐off in order to maximize the throughput of a TCP connection. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.