Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Finding Structure with Randomness: Probabilistic Algorithms for Constructing Approximate Matrix Decompositions

Low-rank matrix approximations, such as the truncated singular value decomposition and the rank-revealing QR decomposition, play a central role in data analysis and scientific computing. This work surveys and extends recent research which demonstrates that randomization offers a powerful tool for performing low-rank matrix approximation. These techniques exploit modern computational architectures more fully than classical methods and open the possibility of dealing with truly massive data sets. This paper presents a modular framework for constructing randomized algorithms that compute partial matrix decompositions. These methods use random sampling to identify a subspace that captures most of the action of a matrix. The input matrix is then compressed—either explicitly or implicitly—to this subspace, and the reduced matrix is manipulated deterministically to obtain the desired low-rank factorization. In many cases, this approach beats its classical competitors in terms of accuracy, robustness, and/or speed. These claims are supported by extensive numerical experiments and a detailed error analysis. The specific benefits of randomized techniques depend on the computational environment. Consider the model problem of finding the $k$ dominant components of the singular value decomposition of an $m \times n$ matrix. (i) For a dense input matrix, randomized algorithms require $\bigO(mn \log(k))$ floating-point operations (flops) in contrast to $ \bigO(mnk)$ for classical algorithms. (ii) For a sparse input matrix, the flop count matches classical Krylov subspace methods, but the randomized approach is more robust and can easily be reorganized to exploit multiprocessor architectures. (iii) For a matrix that is too large to fit in fast memory, the randomized techniques require only a constant number of passes over the data, as opposed to $\bigO(k)$ passes for classical algorithms. In fact, it is sometimes possible to perform matrix approximation with a single pass over the data.
Securitization of Transit Forced Migrants: An Analysis of the Changing Representations of Refugees and Asylum Seekers in Indonesian Major Print Media

This thesis aims to explain how and why the representations of transit forced migrants in Indonesian major print media were vastly different within two time spans: (1) during the arrivals of the Indochinese refugees in 1975-1996 and (2) in the period of the new generations of refugees from Middle Eastern and South Asian countries in 1997-2013. Employing media content analysis of 216 news articles from three major print media in Indonesia, this study found out that the Indochinese refugees were portrayed with positive labels and thus, mainly discussed in connection with the non-security theme. In contrast, the new generations of forced migrants were portrayed with negative labels such as ‘illegal immigrants’ and were framed as security threats. Grounded within Securitization Theory, this thesis thus argues that the changing representations were caused by the securitizing move made by specialized agencies in Indonesia. Additionally, this study took one further step by questioning: why were the Indochinese refugees not securitized? And why were the new generations of refugees securitized? To provide answers for these questions, this thesis employs theoretical thematic analysis concentrating on subconscious drivers and cost-benefit calculations that lead to the actors’ decision to securitize or not to securitize the forced migrants.
Determinants of Initial Public Offering (IPO) Underpricing in Malaysian Stock Market

The primary purpose of this study is to examine the effect of issue-specific characteristics and company’s attributes on the existence of underpricing of IPOs listed in Malaysia Stock Exchange from 2012 to 2015. Market-adjusted abnormal return is used as a proxy of dependent variable in this study, namely degree of IPO underpricing whereas the independent variables are the determinants of IPO. This paper aims to illustrates the relationship between the degree of IPO underpricing and the four determinants namely issues price, offer size, company age and market capitalization. Upon the analysis, the degree of IPO underpricing is 21.05% from a sample of 59 IPOs listed in the stock market. By applying multiple regression analysis, noted that market capitalization shows positive relationship with the degree of IPO underpricing whereas issues price and offer size are negatively related to the dependent variable. Moreover, the analysis indicates that the relationship between degree of IPO underpricing and company age is insignificant.
Exploring Unsupervised Pretraining and Sentence Structure Modelling for Winograd Schema Challenge

Winograd Schema Challenge (WSC) was proposed as an AI-hard problem in testing computers' intelligence on common sense representation and reasoning. This paper presents the new state-of-theart on WSC, achieving an accuracy of 71.1%. We demonstrate that the leading performance benefits from jointly modelling sentence structures, utilizing knowledge learned from cutting-edge pretraining models, and performing fine-tuning. We conduct detailed analyses, showing that fine-tuning is critical for achieving the performance, but it helps more on the simpler associative problems. Modelling sentence dependency structures, however, consistently helps on the harder non-associative subset of WSC. Analysis also shows that larger fine-tuning datasets yield better performances, suggesting the potential benefit of future work on annotating more Winograd schema sentences.
Does Antidumping Protection Raise Market Power? Evidence from Firm Level Data

This paper empirically tests the effects of Anti-Dumping (AD) protection on the price-cost margin of firms. To this end, we use a rich panel data set of 1,666 EU producers that were involved in AD cases initiated in 1996. Our findings indicate that price-cost margins in most cases significantly increase in the period of protection compared to a period before protection. In industries where competition is very tough before protection, we fail to find an increase in price-cost margins, while in industries with positive mark-ups before protection, trade policy raises market power between 3% points and 15% points, depending on the sector. Our results are robust to alternative specifications and estimation techniques. Our findings are also consistent with recent theoretical models that deal with the economic effects of firm behavior in response to AD protection.
Design and Analysis of Dual-Reverse-Arrow Fractal Geometry Based Miniaturized Thin Strip Patch Antenna for Ultra-Wideband Applications

The military, radar and satellite systems require ultrawideband antennas. Microstrip patch antenna’s serve the purpose for such applications as they are low profile, occupies less volume and mechanically robust when applied on rigid surfaces. Fractals are space filling self similar structures where each sub part is the replica of the whole fractal. Fractal geometry when applied to microstrip patch antenna provides a good way to achieve the desired miniaturization and multiband properties. In this paper a miniaturized, wideband antenna based on novel fractal geometry is presented. The proposed design is a repeated S-fractal microstrip patch antenna. The simulation and optimization are performed using Ansoft HFSS. The results show that the proposed antenna shows multiple resonances at frequencies of 8.08GHz, 9.11GHz and 11.88GHz with the bandwidths of 240MHz, 745MHz, and 7.75GHz respectively. The maximum Gain of antenna at 11.88GHz is 9.25dB and the corresponding directivity is 9.88dB, thus making the antenna 93.62% efficient. To enhance the bandwidth of the antenna, the thickness of the substrate was increased. In order to have minimum reflections the terminal impedance of the antenna should match the characteristic impedance of the coaxial cable. The impedance matching was done by finding the best feed position parametrically, using HFSS.
The Savory Grazing Method or Holistic Resource Management.

Over the last few years there has been an ever-increasing interest in America in the Savory Grazing Method. During the recent annual meeting of the Society for Range Management in Albuquerque, N. Mex. , nearly 500 people visited the nearby SGM scheme operating on tribal Indian land. As a consequence of such interest I have been invited to write this article for Rangelands. I do so in the hopes of expanding understanding and of clearing some of the many myths and misconceptions about SGM abounding in the profession and amongst ranchers. For all conservationists, as well as livestock owners, an answer to the desertification problem has long been sought. It is needed to stop our dams silting, our water tables dropping ever-lower, our wildlife being increasingly threatened and to aid the millions of people living in abject poverty on drying lands in the Third World. Even America will soon realize that water is her Achilles heel and that her wealth and prosperity are dependent upon stable catchments. In Holistic Resource Management (SGM), we undoubtedly have an economically sound, selfsustaining answer to the desertification problem for America as well as the poorest nations bedevilled with it. The fate of many countries depends on how SGM is developed and extended from America. Unfortunately, for some reason America is a nation of extremes where people en masse rush into new things often with enthusiasm unmatched by knowledge, then after a few tragedies react en masse the other way. Generally the American attitude to SGM has been no different. Many have rushed into SGM too fast and with too little knowledge. Most of the knowledge available to the average rancher or university is misinformation and myth spread by the universities themselves, i.e., "SGM is a wagon wheel system; SGM is a cell grazing system; SGM is short duration grazing; SGM is rapid rotation grazing," and so on. All of these descriptions are totally wrong. Yet how many ranchers, government agencies and universities do you know who have rushed into it in the belief that it is one or other of the above? First, it is important to realize that what I call Holistic Resource Management is a wildlife management technique even where there are no livestock on the land. It is a
4-Methyl-5-phenyl-1H-pyrazol-3(2H)-one

The asymmetric unit of the title compound, C10H10N2O, contains two crystallographically independent molecules with similar geometries, which exist in the keto form. The C=O bond lengths are 1.2878 (12) Å in molecule A and 1.2890 (12) Å in molecule B, indicating that the compound undergoes enol-to-keto tautomerism during the crystallization process. In molecule A, the pyrazole ring is approximately planar [maximum deviation = 0.007 (1) Å] and forms a dihedral angle of 36.67 (6)° with the attached phenyl ring. In molecule B, the dihedral angle formed between the pyrazole ring [maximum deviation = 0.017 (1) Å] and the phenyl ring is 41.19 (6)°. In the crystal, intermolecular N—H⋯O hydrogen bonds link neighbouring molecules into dimers generating R 2 2(8) ring motifs. These dimers are linked into ribbons along [101] via intermolecular N—H⋯O hydrogen bonds, forming R 4 2(10) ring motifs.
Calibração de Modelo Matemático de Qualidade da Água Utilizando Algoritmo Genético: Estudo de Caso do Rio Palmital, PR

Water quality modeling is an activity required to improve the representation of the physical, chemical and biological reality of a river system. It requires field data and experienced modelers. This research generalizes the use of a genetic algorithm for BOD and DO calibration for the Palmital river in the metropolitan area of Curitiba, given only one monitoring gauge station. Distinct scenarios were performed to evaluate the GA response for distinct calibration conditions. The results are promising and reproduce field data observations.
Risking fault seal in the Gulf Coast: A joint industry study

Analysis of more than 200 faults in a joint-industry study of the Gulf Coast provides a database of actual fault seal behavior in producing fields. This empirical database demonstrates that fault seal behavior is predictable rather than random and that faults are more important than is commonly thought in controlling hydrocarbon accumulations. Quantitative fault seal analysis demonstrates that seal behavior is empirically related to the amount of sand and shale incorporated in the fault zone. Faults with sand-rich gouge leak. Faults with shale-rich gouge seal. An empirically defined threshold allows prediction of fault seal behavior with a high degree of confidence. Fewer than 10% of the faults in the Gulf Coast are exceptions to the rule. Exceptions are a result of other factors including low permeability and high displacement pressure sands, and thin-bedded sand/shale sequences. Examples from these Gulf Coast fields demonstrate the fundamental importance of faults in controlling hydrocarbon accumulations. Faults and fault seal behavior control the presence or absence of hydrocarbons, percent fill, hydrocarbon column heights, entrapment of oil versus gas, and high-side and low-side trap risk. Faults control the lateral distribution of hydrocarbon within fault compartments as well as the vertical distribution of hydrocarbon among stacked sands.more » Faults control fluid flow during both field development and hydrocarbon migration. Bypassed residual accumulations and unnecessary production wells result from neglecting routine fault seal analysis during field development. Dry holes and mistaken reserves assessments result from neglecting routine fault seal analysis during exploration. « less
An Improved Genetic k-means Algorithm for Optimal Clustering

In the classical k-means algorithm, the value of k must be confirmed in advance. It is difficult to confirm accurately the value of k in reality. This paper proposes an improved genetic k-means algorithm (IGKM) and constructs a fitness function defined as a product of three factors, maximization of which ensures the formation of a small number of compact clusters with large separation between at least two clusters. At last, two artificial and three real-life data sets are considered for experiments that compare IGKM with k-means algorithm, GA-based method and genetic k-means algorithm (GKM) by inter-cluster distance (ITD), inner-cluster distance (IND) and rate of separation exactness. The experiments show that IGKM can automatically reach the optimal value of k with high accuracy
Classification and Comparative Analysis of Passage Retrieval Methods

In Information Retrieval and Natural Language Processing (NLP), Question Answering (QA) is the task of automatically answering a question posed by humans in natural language. QA is a specialized form of Information Retrieval (IR). Passage retrieval, which aims for extracting the relevant passage inside a text by computational means, has long been studied in IR and has been an important component in QA Systems. The passage retrieval module acts as an intermediate stage between document retrieval module and answer extraction module. This paper provides a brief discussion on the various passage retrieval systems and the methods that has been used in these systems. In addition the paper also describes the limitations of the existing passage retrieval methods.
Is there an association between immunosuppressant therapy medication adherence and depression, quality of life, and personality traits in the kidney and liver transplant population?

Objectives To measure the association of transplant patients’ personality, depression, and quality of life with medication adherence in kidney and liver transplant recipients. Methods A cross-sectional study of liver and kidney transplant recipients greater than 1 year post-transplant was conducted. Patients’ adherence with medications was assessed using the Immunosuppressive Therapy Adherence Scale. Personality and depression were assessed using the NEO Five-Factor Inventory Scale and Patient Health Questionnaire 9, respectively. Quality of life was assessed using the Short Form-36, and functional status was determined using the Karnofsky Performance Status Scale. Results A total of 86 kidney and 50 liver transplant patients completed the surveys. Logistic regression analysis demonstrated an association between depression and adherence with immunosuppressive medications in kidney transplant recipients. Kidney transplant patients who exhibited “low openness” scores were 91% more likely to be nonadherent. Kidney transplant patients’ physical functional status was strongly associated with nonadherence, and for each point increase in functionality the patients’ adherence increased by 4%. In the liver sample, age was associated with adherence. For every year increase in age, adherence increased by 7%. Conclusion The presence of low openness as a personality trait, poor physical functional status, and depression were associated with adherence in the kidney transplant population. In the liver transplant population, younger age was associated with nonadherence.
Fired clay. In M Cressey & S Anderson, A later prehistoric settlement and metalworking site at Seafield West, near Inverness, Highland

Construction in 1996 at a major retail development site close to Inverness, Highland resulted in the destruction of two known cropmark sites. One set of cropmarks was found to be associated with a Bronze Age log-boat burial site and the results of the ensuing excavation are published elsewhere (Cressey & Sheridan 2003). The excavation of a second area of cropmarks forms the subject of this publication. The archaeological remains consisted of a series of negative features, post-holes and annular ditches which form parts of at least nine separate structures of a later prehistoric unenclosed settlement. A mould fragment indicated Late Bronze Age sword production in the vicinity. A palisaded enclosure produced a copper-alloy brooch that is a rare find for the region. Evidence of copper-alloy objects and metalworking from a smelting hearth and slags show that the occupants were of some status. Some of the structural and artefactual evidence compellingly points to an in situ ironworking workshop. A large cache of smithing charcoal found in association with a smelting hearth was radiocarbon dated to 180BC-AD70 and represents one of the few dated in situ Iron Age ironworking episodes in Scotland.
Atmospheric data over a solar cycle : no connection between galactic cosmic rays and new particle formation

M. Kulmala, I. Riipinen, T. Nieminen, M. Hulkkonen, L. Sogacheva, H. E. Manninen, P. Paasonen, T. Petäjä, M. Dal Maso, P. P. Aalto, A. Viljanen, I. Usoskin, R. Vainio, S. Mirme, A. Mirme, A. Minikin, A. Petzold, U. Hõrrak, C. Plaß-Dülmer, W. Birmili, and V. -M. Kerminen University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA Finnish Meteorological Institute, Helsinki, Finland Sodankylä Geophysical Observatory (Oulu Unit), University of Oulu, Sodankylä, Finland University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia Deutsches Zentrum für Luftund Raumfahrt (DLR), Wessling, Germany
Intersegmental coordination of cockroach locomotion : adaptive control of centrally coupled pattern generator circuits

et al., 2009), cats (Bouyer and Rossignol, 2003; Pearson, 2004), and humans (Yang and Gorassini, 2006). In particular, detailed studies of intersegmental coordination in the stick insect have shown that MNs innervating specific leg muscles of different legs are at most weakly coupled, and that local proprioceptive feedback is essential for functional walking gaits (Büschges, 2005; Borgmann et al., 2009). This is in accordance with theoretical predictions suggesting that when animals navigate slowly through a complex environment, where great flexibility and precision are required, motor activity is likely to be modulated by neural reflexes and sensory information (Koditschek et al., 2004; Holmes et al., 2006). In contrast, the need for sensory input, relatively slow neural processing, and subsequent muscular activation make feedback-based coordination unlikely in cockroaches, especially when running fast over rough terrain. Indeed, these insects are known for their remarkably stable, yet rapidly adaptable, locomotion that has been crucial for their evolutionary success; they have also motivated mathematical models of multi-legged locomotion and biologically inspired robotics. IntroductIon In order to coordinate body segments and limbs for movement, animals rely on both central mechanisms and sensory inputs (Skinner and Mulloney, 1998; Friesen and Cang, 2001; Yu and Friesen, 2004; Borgmann et al., 2009; Zill and Keller, 2009; Puhl and Mesce, 2010). The former includes endogenously rhythmic and centrally coupled central pattern generator neural networks (CPGs) that generate alternating activity in antagonistic motor neurons (MNs). In contrast, afferent-based control depends on local sensory inputs to coordinate motion through feedback loops. Each of these control strategies has limitations and benefits, and it has been shown that they are used to a different degree in different animals moving through environments with different properties. Specifically, evidence from swimmers and undulatory crawlers indicate that central coupling, inherent to the rhythm-generating circuitry, is primarily responsible for intersegmental coordination (Hill et al., 2003 and refs. within), while legged locomotion studies suggest that local feedback plays a significant role in coordinating limbs: in insects (Ritzmann and Büschges, 2007; Borgmann Intersegmental coordination of cockroach locomotion: adaptive control of centrally coupled pattern generator circuits
A G ] 1 5 N ov 2 01 0 The Generalized Schur Decomposition and the rank-R set of real I × J × 2 arrays

It is known that a best low-rank approximation to multi-way arrays or higher-order tensors may not exist. This is due to the fact that the set of multi-way arrays with rank at most R is not closed. Nonexistence of the best low-rank approximation results in diverging rank-1 components when an attempt is made to compute the approximation. Recently, a solution to this problem has been proposed for real I×J×2 arrays. Instead of a best rank-R approximation the best fitting Generalized Schur Decomposition (GSD) is computed. Under the restriction of nonsingular upper triangular matrices in the GSD, the set of GSD solutions equals the interior and boundary of the rank-R set. Here, we show that this holds even without the restriction. We provide a complete classification of interior, boundary, and exterior points of the rank-R set of real I × J × 2 arrays, and show that the set of GSD solutions equals the interior and boundary of this set.