Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The Impact of Visceral Influences on Consumers' Evaluation of Weight Loss Advertising

The weight loss industry has come under fire from the Federal Trade Commission (FTC) in recent years due to consumer claims that many firms, marketing weight loss products, are using advertisements in an attempt to deceive consumers. Illegitimate weight loss claims have created so much concern that a White Paper call-to-action to investigate misleading weight loss advertisements has been filed. Despite recent interest, little attention has been garnered concerning the understanding of why consumers respond to potentially misleading weight loss claims. Intuitively, an understanding of why consumers fall prey to weight loss claims may aid academics, practitioners, and policy makers as they make important decisions relative to the weight loss industry and its practices. This study fills that void by applying a theory of visceral influences (TVI) to the context of weight loss advertising. Loewenstein's TVI was developed to aid in explaining why consumers make decisions contrary to their long-term self-interest. Visceral influences are drive states that have a direct hedonic impact, have an effect on the relative desirability of various goods and activities, and consequently, have a strong influence over the decisions consumers make. Common visceral cues (cues associated with any reward linked to a visceral factor) include proximity of reward, vividness of reward, and visual priming. To adequately test TVI in the context of weight loss advertising, a two step approach was used. First, advertiser intent was assessed through content analysis of weight loss advertisements. Second, composite advertisements were created from the content analysis to assess subject response to visceral cues common in weight loss advertising. MANOVA results show that the presence of visceral cues affected subjects' thoughts, buying impulse, affective reaction, intentions, and product evaluation. This research makes the following contributions. First, it addresses an area of public policy where there is a need for research to shape future legislation. Second, it provides an initial empirical examination of the effects of visceral cues on subjects' providing a foundation for further application and theory building. Third, it reveals that visceral cues effects are moderated by an individual's level of involvement with a reward.
Simulation of a multi-agent system for autonomous trailer docking

This paper presents a simulation model of a generic automated planning and control system for the pick-up and docking of semi-trailers by means of autonomous Yard Tractors (YTs) in a collision- and con flict free environment. To support the planning and control of the YTs, we propose a Multi-Agent System (MAS). We illustrate our approach using a case study at a Dutch logistics service provider. To evaluate the proposed system, we design an agent-based simulation model, which is setup in a similar way as the MAS. We conclude with the implementation and validation of the simulation model and present some results.
Politicians and Rhetoric: The Persuasive Power of Metaphor

Preface Style Conventions Persuasion, Speech Making and Rhetoric Metaphor in Political Discourse Winston Churchill: Metaphor and Heroic Myth Martin Luther King: Messianic Myth Enoch Powell: the Myth of the Oracle Ronald Reagan and Romantic Myth: 'From the swamp to the stars' Margaret Thatcher and the Myth of Boedicia Bill Clinton and the Rhetoric of Image Restoration Tony Blair and Conviction Rhetoric George Bush and the Rhetoric of Moral Accounting Obama and the Myth of the American Dream Myth, Metaphor and Leadership Appendices Bibliography Index of Conceptual Metaphors Index
Let's You Do That: Enquiries into the Cognitive Burdens of Dialogue

Most discussions of audience design assume that it rests on speakers’ uptake of information about listeners’ knowledge. The cognitive difficulty hypothesis (Horton and Gerrig, 2004 in press a) proposes that speakers provide less tailored design when the cognitive cost of uptake or recall increases. Yet the principle of mutual responsibility implies that cognitive load should to be shared efficiently: listeners should provide information which would be difficult for speakers to discover themselves. Two map task experiments examine speakers’ uptake of information about listeners’ knowledge and their responses to listeners’ difficulties. Both experiments show that uptake is poor where it would be most useful: speakers attend very little to feedback in the form of simulated listener eye-tracks which directly indicate discrepancies between participants’ knowledge. The second experiment shows that verbal feedback, though harder to interpret than gaze, generates more helpful responses in the form of Dialogue Transactions which correct listener errors and in the form of Game Moves which focus on listener knowledge. We propose that the instructor’s priority is relating her own knowledge and that she will be deflected only when overtly called on to acknowledge a discrepancy between her own knowledge and the listener’s.
Neurocognitive outcomes in survivors of childhood cancer.

OBJECTIVE s To review issues associated with neurocognitive outcome in survivors of pediatric cancer. Recommendations are made for future research directions. METHODS A large body of literature pertaining to neurocognitive outcome in cancer survivors was reviewed. Brain development and methodological issues that provide challenges to conducting meaningful research in cancer outcomes also are discussed. RESULTS Neurotoxic agents used in some cancer therapies produce permanent neurocognitive sequelae, especially in very young children. CONCLUSIONS The state of neurocognitive research for pediatric cancer survivors needs to move beyond empirical studies of neurocognitive sequelae to research that will identify individual patients at risk for neurocognitive morbidity.
Tissue-specific disallowance of housekeeping genes: the other face of cell differentiation.

We report on a hitherto poorly characterized class of genes that are expressed in all tissues, except in one. Often, these genes have been classified as housekeeping genes, based on their nearly ubiquitous expression. However, the specific repression in one tissue defines a special class of "disallowed genes. " In this paper, we used the intersection-union test to screen for such genes in a multi-tissue panel of genome-wide mRNA expression data. We propose that disallowed genes need to be repressed in the specific target tissue to ensure correct tissue function. We provide mechanistic data of repression with two metabolic examples, exercise-induced inappropriate insulin release and interference with ketogenesis in liver. Developmentally, this repression is established during tissue maturation in the early postnatal period involving epigenetic changes in histone methylation. In addition, tissue-specific expression of microRNAs can further diminish these repressed mRNAs. Together, we provide a systematic analysis of tissue-specific repression of housekeeping genes, a phenomenon that has not been studied so far on a genome-wide basis and, when perturbed, can lead to human disease.
'SLI', a generic category of language impairment that emerges from specific differences: a case study of two individual linguistic profiles

This paper looks at data taken from two school-aged children labelled as 'SLI' and examines their individual linguistic profiles both at the outset of a specific therapy intervention and approximately 1 year later. The study sought to assess their language abilities within a conversational context and to assess the efficacy of a particular area of their therapy programme. Differences in the two children's individual LARSP profiles raised questions relating to (a) the overall usefulness of 'SLI' as a diagnostic category of disorder, and (b) the need for greater use of detailed syntactic analysis by Speech Language Pathologists in both diagnostics and in implementing therapy programmes.
Blind IQ error compensation in a direct conversion receiver for DVB-T

The paper provides a novel scheme for correcting IQ imbalance in direct-conversion receivers. In the proposed method, IQ imbalance is corrected blindly in the time domain using a complex adaptive signal separator. Also, a frequency domain equalizer is proposed for correcting the complex scaling factor present in the signal after the signal separation. Computer simulations carried out using a baseband IQ error model provide promising results. For example, a direct conversion receiver intended for terrestrial digital video broadcasting (DVB-T) could achieve a BER of 2/spl times/10/sup -4/ after the Viterbi decoder in the presence of 3 dB gain error and 10/spl deg/ phase error for an SNR value of about 16.5 dB.
Prognostic factors in patients with acute mesenteric ischemia.

OBJECTIVE Acute mesenteric ischemia, one of the causes of acute abdominal pain due to occlusion of the superior mesenteric artery, has a fatal course as a result of intestinal necrosis. There is no specific laboratory test to diagnose acute mesenteric ischemia. The basis of treatment in cases of acute mesenteric ischemia is composed of early diagnosis, resection of intestinal sections with infarction, regulation of intestinal blood flow, second look laparotomy when required, and intensive care support. The aim of this study is to investigate the factors affecting mortality in patients treated and followed-up with a diagnosis of acute mesenteric ischemia. MATERIAL AND METHODS Forty-six patients treated and followed-up with a diagnosis of acute mesenteric ischemia between January 1st, 2008 and December 31st, 2014 at the General Surgery Clinic of our hospitalwere retrospectively evaluated. The patients were grouped as survivor (Group 1) and dead (Group 2). Age, gender, accompanying disorders, clinical, laboratory and radiologic findings, duration until laparotomy, evaluation according to the Mannheim Peritonitis Index postoperative complications, surgical treatment applied, and type of ischemia and outcome following surgery were recorded. RESULTS A total of 46 patients composed of 22 males and 24 females with a mean age of 67.5±17.9 and with a diagnosis of mesenteric ischemia were included in the study. Twenty-seven patients died (58.7%) while 19 survived (41.3%). The mean MPI score was 16.8±4.7 and 25.0±6 in Group 1 and Group 2, respectively, and the difference between the two groups was statistically significant (p<0,001). Fourteen of the 16 (51.9%) patients who had a Mannheim Peritonitis Index score of 26 or higher died while two of them survived (10.5%). Thirteen out of the 30 (48.1%) patients with a Mannheim Peritonitis Index score of 25 or lower died while 17 (89.5%) patients survived. The increased MPI score was significantly correlated withmortality (p=0.004). CONCLUSION Suspicion of disease and early use of imaging in addition to clinical and laboratory evaluations are essential in order to decrease mortality rates in acute mesenteric ischemia. Prevention of complications with critical intensive care during the postoperative period aids in decreasingthe mortality rate. In addition, using the Mannheim Peritonitis Index can be helpful.
New approaches to the ontology alignment and identity resolution problems

This paper describes approaches to the vocabulary normalization and identity resolution problems arising during the use of the LOD datasets to populate the content of scholarly knowledge bases. We have proposed new heuristics, using additional information extracted from full text sources of data. The flrst heuristics uses the full record track of a person and the second one uses self-citation networks. The dataset of the Open Archive of the Russian Academy of Sciences and several bibliographic datasets are used as test examples.
'Illegal' Traveller: An Auto-Ethnography of Borders

Borders of nation-states have come to be a natural order in human lives. They are not only edges of a state but also seen as an essential reference of national identity. Based on a capitalist-oriented and racial discriminating way of thinking, borders regulate movements of people. In an era of global inequality of mobility rights, freedom of mobility for some is only possible through systematic exclusion of others. This paper is an auto-ethnography of borders and ‘illegal’ travelling. Based on personal experiences of a long journey across many borders in Asia and Europe, I attempt to explore how the contemporary border regime operates. The paper focuses on the rituals and performances of border crossing. This is a narrative of the late 20th century through the eyes of an ‘illegal’ migrant.
Oxygen- and Hydrogen-Isotope Variations in a Firn Core, Eights Station, Western Antarctica

Oxygen- and hydrogen-isotope analyses of samples from a firn core at Eights station indicate that annual accumulation over a 10-year interval was 39–40 g/cm² of water, confirming a condition of relatively heavy precipitation in the Bellingshausen Sea coastal area. The mean δ value (−26.6) of the O^(18)/O^(16) ratios is consistent with the relatively low elevation (452 meters) and near-coastal location of Eights station. These data support an earlier suggestion that a cyclical variation of particulate matter recognized in the firn occurs with an approximate 2-year period. No other interrelationship between variations in particulate matter and hydrogen or oxygen isotopes was found.
High-Water Marks and Hedge Fund Compensation

We examine the role of high-water mark provisions in hedge fund compensation contracts. In our model of competitive markets and asymmetric information on manager ability, a fee contract with a high-water mark can improve the quality of the manager pool entering the market. In addition, a high-water mark contract can reduce inefficient liquidation by raising after-fee returns following poor performance. Consistent with our model's predictions, we find that high-water marks are more commonly used by less reputable managers, funds that restrict investor redemptions, and funds with greater underlying asset illiquidity. High-water marks are also associated with greater sensitivity of investor flows to past performance, but less so following poor performance. Overall, our results suggest that compensation contracts in hedge funds help alleviate inefficiencies created by asymmetric information.
User experience evaluation of Post-Traumatic Mobile Service: a case study

User Experience (UX) is critical for user acceptance of the mobile service. In this paper, we report a case study which aims to evaluate the UX of Post Traumatic Mobile Service (PTMS). A combined approach of cognitive walkthrough, longitudinal field trial feedback and subjective evaluation survey is adapted. The results show that the combined approach is an effective approach to evaluate the UX of mobile service, and although PTMS need further improvements, it is still a feasible, effective and reliable service.
Sports participation during adolescence: a shift from environmental to genetic factors.

PURPOSE A twin design was used to assess the relative contribution of genetic and environmental influences on the variation in sports participation of Dutch male and female twins between the ages of 13 and 20 yr. METHODS Survey data from 2628 complete twin pairs were available (443 male and 652 female monozygotic twin pairs, 377 male and 434 female dizygotic twin pairs, and 722 opposite-sex twin pairs). Subjects were classified as participating in sports if they engaged in competitive or noncompetitive leisure-time sports activities with a minimal intensity of 4 METs for at least 60 min.wk. RESULTS An overall main effect of age and sex was found on the sports participation dichotomy. Younger twins participated more in sports than older twins, and for each age group males participated more often than females. Genetic analyses of twin resemblance showed a shift in the factors contributing to sports participation from adolescence to adulthood. Between the ages of 13 and 16 yr, environmental factors shared by children from the same family largely account for individual differences in sports participation (78-84%), whereas genes are of no importance. At the age of 17-18 yr, genetic influences start to appear (36%), and the role of common environment decreases (47%). After the age of 18 yr, genes largely explain individual differences in sports participation (85%), and common environmental factors no longer contribute. CONCLUSIONS Environmental factors shared by family members determine sports participation in young adolescence but cease to be of importance in adulthood when individual differences in sports participation are largely due to genetic variation.
Identification and red blood cell classification using computer aided system to diagnose blood disorders

Red blood cell count plays a vital role in identifying the overall health of the patient. Mature Red blood cells undergo morphological changes when blood disorder exists. Automated and Manual techniques exist in the market to count the number of RBCs(Red blood cells). Manual counting involves the use of Hemocytometer to count the blood cells. The conventional method of placing the smear under a microscope and counting the cells manually leads to erroneous results and medical laboratory technicians are put under stress. Automated counters fail to identify abnormal cells. A computer aided system will help to attain precise results in less amount of time. This research work proposes an image processing technique to separate the Red blood cell from other components of blood. It aims to examine and process the blood smear image, in order to support the classification of Red blood cells into 11 categories. K-Medoids algorithm which is robust to external noise is used to extract the WBCs from the image. The granulometric analysis is used to separate the Red blood cells from White blood cells. Feature extraction is done to obtain the significant features that help in classification. The classification results help in diagnosing the diseases like Sickle Cell Anemia, Hereditary Spherocytosis, Normochromic Anemia, Iron Deficiency Anemia, Megaloblastic Anemia and Hypochromic Anemia within few seconds.
SBAC: A statistics based cache bypassing method for asymmetric-access caches

Asymmetric-access caches with emerging technologies, such as STT-RAM and RRAM, have become very competitive designs recently. Since the write operations consume more time and energy than read ones, data should bypass an asymmetric-access cache unless the locality can justify the data allocation. However, the asymmetric-access property is not well addressed in prior bypassing approaches, which are not energy efficient and induce non-trivial operation overhead. To overcome these problems, we propose a cache bypassing method, SBAC, based on data locality statistics of the whole cache rather than a single cache line's signature. We observe that the decision-making of SBAC is highly accurate and the optimization technique for SBAC works efficiently for multiple applications running concurrently. Experiments show that SBAC cuts down overall energy consumption by 22.3%, and reduces execution time by 8.3%. Compared to prior approaches, the design overhead of SBAC is trivial.
Incident experience predicts freezing-like responses in firefighters

Freezing is a defensive response to acute stress that is associated with coping and alterations in attentional processing. However, it remains unclear whether individuals in high risk professions, who are skilled at making rapid decisions in emergency situations, show altered threat-induced freezing. Here we investigated the effect of incident experience in a high risk profession on freezing. Additionally, we explored whether any effect of incident experience on freezing would be different for profession-related and -unrelated threat. Forty experienced and inexperienced firefighters were presented neutral, pleasant, related-unpleasant, and unrelated-unpleasant pictures in a passive viewing task. Postural sway and heart rate were assessed to determine freezing. Both postural and heart rate data evidenced reduced freezing upon unpleasant pictures in the experienced versus the inexperienced group. Relatedness of the unpleasant pictures did not modulate these effects. These findings indicate that higher incident experience relates to decreased threat-induced freezing, at least in a passive task context. This might suggest that primary defense responses are malleable through experience. Finally, these findings demonstrate the potential of using animal to human translational approaches to investigate defensive behaviors in relation to incident experience in high risk professions and stimulate future research on the role of freezing in resilience and coping.
Economics of Aging: A Survey

The continuation of low rates of fertility and reductions in mortality rates of the elderly have revived the interest of economists in the examination of the economic impacts of aging populations. These concerns combined with the analysis of the income status of the elderly and their activities from the broad framework of the economics of aging. The rapid growth of support programs for the aged also has been the focus of considerable economic analysis. This review highlights the most important areas of research in the literature on aging. The first section discusses the determinants of population age structure changes and their impact on the size and composition of the dependent groups. The following section provides a review of the economic status of the elderly and the sources of income in old age. Section III incorporates the economic characteristics of the elderly into a life-cycle context while Section IV examines the empirical evidence concerning labor supply decisions of the aged. Social Security and private pensions and their influence on the economy are analyzed in Section V. The final section of this article reviews evidence on the interaction between aging and macroeconomic variables. (excerpt)
CatSperζ regulates the structural continuity of sperm Ca2+ signaling domains and is required for normal fertility

We report that the Gm7068 (CatSpere) and Tex40 (CatSperz) genes encode novel subunits of a 9-subunit CatSper ion channel complex. Targeted disruption of CatSperz reduces CatSper current and sperm rheotactic efficiency in mice, resulting in severe male subfertility. Normally distributed in linear quadrilateral nanodomains along the flagellum, the complex lacking CatSperζ is disrupted at ~0.8 μm intervals along the flagellum. This disruption renders the proximal flagellum inflexible and alters the 3D flagellar envelope, thus preventing sperm from reorienting against fluid flow in vitro and efficiently migrating in vivo. Ejaculated CatSperz-null sperm cells retrieved from the mated female uterus partially rescue in vitro fertilization (IVF) that failed with epididymal spermatozoa alone. Human CatSperε is quadrilaterally arranged along the flagella, similar to the CatSper complex in mouse sperm. We speculate that the newly identified CatSperζ subunit is a late evolutionary adaptation to maximize fertilization inside the mammalian female reproductive tract. DOI: http://dx.doi. org/10.7554/eLife.23082. 001