Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Quasiatoms: An approach to atoms in nonuniform electronic systems

A method of estimating the energy of an impurity in a host electronic system using density-functional theory is presented. The impurity ion plus its electronic screening cloud is treated as a unit and is used to define a quasiatom. The energy of the quasiatom is a functional of the host electron density in which it is immersed. In the simplest approximation it is given by the energy of the impurity in a uniform electron gas having a density equal to that of the host at the position of the impurity nucleus. This uniform-density approximation (UDA) is tested for light atoms in a variety of model and realistic situations and is found to be successful in reproducing qualitative trends. By developing a perturbation expansion for a weakly inhomogeneous host the UDA is shown to be the leading term in a rigorous expansion of the quasiatom energy in gradients of the host electron density, and corrections to second order in gradients are determined. As an example, these corrections are used in the calculation of the binding energy of a helium atom to a vacancy and excellent agreement with exact results is achieved. The perturbation expansion also suggests an ansatz for the quasiatom energy in which the host electron density is sampled by the quasiatom electrostatic potential. Tests of this ansatz are equally successful.
Multiscaling properties of rainfall and bounded random cascades

The connection among different types of exponents characterizing multiscaling properties of rainfall and a criterion for stationarity of random fields are discussed, and a new phenomenological model for rainfall time series simulation is proposed. The bounded random cascade model presented here is a generalization of the well‐known α model with the multiplicative weights of the generator converging to unity as the cascade proceeds to smaller scales. This allows one to directly simulate a multiscaling random field with an energy spectrum exponent, β>1, which is typical for rainfall time series data but which cannot be produced by a standard α model. A procedure is proposed for estimating the cascade parameters of this new bounded α model from observed data. Parameters are estimated from two data sets with different degrees of intermittency and different spectral exponents. The bounded α model simulations using these parameters produced realistic rainfall time series with spectral exponents similar to their observed counterparts.
Becoming a secondary actor of one's own life: A qualitative study of the experiences of informal caregivers in the care of people with chronic pain

The physical limitations experienced by people with chronic pain (CP) produce a greater need for care and assistance, most of which is provided by an informal caregiver (IC). Despite the key role ICs play in the everyday lives of individuals living with CP, knowledge about their experiences and needs is limited. We aimed to address this limitation by exploring the experiences of IC of people with CP.
The timing of prenuclear high accents in English

In English, the alignment of intonation peaks with their syllables exhibits a great deal of contextually governed variation. Understanding this variation is of theoretical interest, and modeling it correctly is important for good quality intonation synthesis. An experimental study of the alignment of prenuclear accent peaks with their associated syllables will be described. Two speakers produced repetitions of names of the form “Ma Lemm,” “Mom LeMann,” “Mamalie Lemonick,” and “Mama Lemonick,” with all combinations of the four first names and three surnames. Segmental durations and the F0 peak location in the first name were measured. Results show that although both speaking rate and prosodic context affect syllable duration, they exert different influences on peak alignment. Specifically, when a syllable is lengthened by a word boundary (e.g., Ma Le Man versus Mama Lemm) or stress clash (e.g., Ma Lemm), the peak falls disproportionately earlier in the vowel. This seems to be related to the syllable‐intern.
Rapidly adapted community health strategies to prevent treatment interruption and improve COVID-19 detection for Syrian refugees and the host population with hypertension and diabetes in Jordan

Abstract Background We evaluated community health volunteer (CHV) strategies to prevent non-communicable disease (NCD) care disruption and promote coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) detection among Syrian refugees and vulnerable Jordanians, as the pandemic started. Methods Alongside medication delivery, CHVs called patients monthly to assess stockouts and adherence, provide self-management and psychosocial support, and screen and refer for complications and COVID-19 testing. Cohort analysis was undertaken of stockouts, adherence, complications and suspected COVID-19. Multivariable models of disease control assessed predictors and non-inferiority of the strategy pre-/post-initiation. Cost-efficiency and patient/staff interviews assessed implementation. Results Overall, 1119 patients were monitored over 8 mo. The mean monthly proportion of stockouts was 4.9%. The monthly proportion non-adherent (past 5/30 d) remained below 5%; 204 (18.1%) patients had complications, with 63 requiring secondary care. Mean systolic blood pressure and random blood glucose remained stable. For hypertensive disease control, age 41–65 y (OR 0.46, 95% CI 0.2 to 0.78) and with diabetes (OR 0.73, 95% CI 0.54 to 0.98) had decreased odds, and with baseline control had increased odds (OR 3.08, 95% CI 2.31 to 4.13). Cumulative suspected COVID-19 incidence (2.3/1000 population) was suggestive of ongoing transmission. While cost-efficient (108 US\documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \usepackage{amsmath} \usepackage{wasysym} \usepackage{amsfonts} \usepackage{amssymb} \usepackage{amsbsy} \usepackage{upgreek} \usepackage{mathrsfs} \setlength{\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \begin{document} ${\$}$\end{document}/patient/year), funding secondary care was challenging. Conclusions During multiple crises, CHVs prevented care disruption and reinforced COVID-19 detection.
Association of Two Bactericera Species (Hemiptera: Triozidae) With Native Lycium spp. (Solanales: Solanaceae) in the Potato Growing Regions of the Rio Grande Valley of Texas

Abstract Bactericera cockerelli (Šulc) (Hemiptera: Triozidae) is a vector of ‘Candidatus Liberibacter solanacearum’ (Lso), the pathogen that causes potato zebra chip. Zebra chip incidence varies regionally, perhaps because of geographic differences in species of noncrop hosts available to the vector and in susceptibility of those hosts to Lso. Native and introduced species of Lycium (Solanales: Solanaceae) are important noncrop hosts of B. cockerelli in some regions of North America. Susceptibility of native Lycium species to Lso is uncertain. We investigated the use of two native species of Lycium by B. cockerelli in South Texas and tested whether they are susceptible to Lso. Bactericera cockerelli adults and nymphs were collected frequently from L. berlandieri Dunal and L. carolinianum Walter. Greenhouse assays confirmed that B. cockerelli develops on both species and showed that Lso infects L. carolinianum. Molecular gut content analysis provided evidence that B. cockerelli adults disperse between potato and Lycium. These results demonstrate that L. berlandieri and L. carolinianum are likely noncrop sources of potato-colonizing B. cockerelli in South Texas and that L. carolinianum is a potential source of Lso-infected psyllids. We also routinely collected the congeneric psyllid, Bactericera dorsalis (Crawford), from both Lycium species. These records are the first for this psyllid in Texas. Bactericera dorsalis completed development on both native Lycium species, albeit with high rates of mortality on L. berlandieri. B. dorsalis acquired and transmitted Lso on L. carolinianum under greenhouse conditions but did not transmit Lso to potato. These results document a previously unknown vector of Lso.
Association Between Patient and Facility Characteristics and Rehabilitation Outcomes After Joint Replacement Surgery in Different Rehabilitation Settings for Older Adults: A Systematic Review

Background and Purpose: In the United States, an exponential increase in total hip arthroplasty (THA) and total knee arthroplasty (TKA) demand has occurred over the last 2 decades. Evidence suggesting patients receiving inpatient rehabilitation following a TKA or THA experience similar outcomes as those with rehabilitation in other settings led to dramatic shifts in postsurgical care settings owing to Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services (CMS) payment reforms. A contemporary synthesis of evidence about the association between patient and facility factors and outcomes from older adults undergoing THA or TKA in the United States is needed. Methods: To identify eligible studies, we searched PubMed, Scopus, and CINAHL. We followed PRISMA guidelines to identify articles evaluating either patient or facility factors associated with outcomes after THA or TKA for older adults who may have been cared for in inpatient settings (ie, inpatient rehabilitation or skilled nursing facility [SNF]). Eligible articles were conducted in the United States and were published between January 1, 2000, and December 31, 2021. Results: We included 8 articles focused on patient factors and 9 focused on facility factors. Most included older adults and the majority were White (in those reporting race/ethnicity). Most studies evaluated outcomes at discharge and showed that patients admitted to inpatient rehabilitation facilities had either similar or better functional outcomes (mobility, self-care, and functional independence measure (FIM) score) and lower length of stay compared with those in SNFs. Few studies focused on home health care. Conclusions: The systematic review focused on older adults showed that findings in these patients are consistent with previous research. Older adults undergoing THA/TKA had acceptable outcomes regardless of postsurgical, inpatient setting of care. Research conducted after CMS payment reforms, in home health care settings, and in more diverse samples is needed. Given the known racial/ethnic disparities in THA/TKA and the shifts to postsurgical home health care with little regulatory oversight of care quality, contemporary research on outcomes of postsurgical THA/TKA outcomes is warranted.
RIDIT ANALYSIS, A REVIEW

In ridit analysis scale values are assigned to the categories of an ordinal response variable, the ridits. Ridit analysis is described as a technique to compare groups of observations and to measure the association between ordinal and nominal variables by mean ridits. By their definition mean ridits are closely related to distribution-free methods. Mean ridits are also used as a tool to test the main and/or interaction effects of factors on an ordinal response variable.
New insights in the new WHO classification of adult renal tumors.

The 5th edition of WHO classification of adult renal tumors introduced a couple of changes in existing, well established entities, as well as some new distinct renal tumors. Papillary renal cell carcinoma (RCC) is no longer divided into type 1 and type 2. Type 1 is now called “classic” variant and type 2 doesn´t exist anymore. There were long discussion about problematic type 2. According to WHO 2022 the correct name is papillary RCC (and subtype/variant should be mentioned in the description). Another important change came for clear cell papillary RCC. Because there is no convincing evidence that genuine clear cell papillary RCC can produce recurrences or metastases, it is now termed as clear cell papillary tumor. All previously reported aggressive cases are now considered misclassified clear cell RCC (mostly) or other entities. In less typical cases, genetic support of diagnosis with complex analysis of VHL gene should be added. New category “other oncocytic tumors” emerged for tumors from gray zone between renal oncocytoma and chromophobe RCC. Term hybrid oncocytic tumor should be reserved for those with hereditary Birth-Hogg-Dubé syndrome. Emerging entities, like eosinophilic vacuolated tumor (EVT) and oncocytic low-grade tumor (LOT) are mentioned, however, more work is needed for better establishment of the criteria. There is a new category of “molecularly defined renal carcinomas”, where MITf translocation RCCs are divided into TFE3 rearranged RCC with fusion partner dependent morphologic variability, and to TFEB rearranged RCC. In this group, indolent TFEB translocated RCCs are recognized, as well as potentionally aggressive RCC with TFEB gene amplification. In WHO 2016, ALK rearranged RCC was considered as emerging entity. In WHO 2022 it is listed among “molecularly defined RCC” as a distinct renal tumor with broad morphologic spectrum dependent partly on fusion partners. ELOC (TCEB1) mutated RCC is renal tumor composed of clear cell elements and huge fibromyomatous stroma. Diagnostic approach should be complex with support of immunohistochemistry (including CK7) and molecular genetic approach. However, there is overlap with MTOR pathway genes mutated RCC with fibromyomatous stroma. SMARCB1 deficient renal medullary carcinoma is high-grade invasive adenocarcinoma in patients with clinically proved sickle-cell trait and SMARCB1 deficiency.
Identification of Subgroups of Activity Participation in Group of Community-Dwelling Older Adults

Occupational therapy in public health is advancing for groups of older adults, but few studies have focused on measuring population-based activity engagement. This study aimed to identify subgroups based on the daily activity pattern of community-dwelling older adults. Japanese older adults aged ≥65 years responded to a 128-activity-item questionnaire. Sparse principal component analysis was applied to summarize the activities, and k-means clustering was used to identify subgroups. Respondents were divided into three subgroups (subgroup 1: n = 39, high instrumental/leisure and social/cognitive activity; subgroup 2: n = 51, high instrumental/leisure and low social/cognitive activity; subgroup 3: n = 44, low instrumental/leisure and social/cognitive activity). The three subgroups were associated with sociodemographics (sex, area, education, and activity level) (p < .05). This study highlighted the activity-based subgroups of older adults and provided a novel viewpoint regarding occupation-based community assessments in addition to previous community occupational therapy practice.
Responses of retinal and brain microvasculature to streptozotocin induced diabetes revealed by global expression profiling

This study aims to determine the effects of diabetes in the retinal and brain microvasculature through gene expression profiling. Twelve male Wistar rats were randomly divided into two groups: streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats and time-matched nondiabetic rats. The retinal microvessels (RMVs) and brain microvessels (BMVs) were mechanically isolated from individual rats. Differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in diabetic and nondiabetic microvessels were identified by cDNA microarrays analysis. In RMVs, we identified 43 DEGs, of which 20 were upregulated while 23 were downregulated by diabetes. In BMVs, 35 genes DEGs were identified, of which 22 were upregulated and 13 were downregulated by diabetes. Altered expression of the Nars, Gars, Mars, Iars, Yars, Bcl2, Nqo1, NR4A3, Gpd1, Stc1, Tsc22d3, Tnfrsf21 mRNA as observed in the microarray analyses, was confirmed by quantitative RT-PCR. The aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases (aaRSs) pathway in RMVs was significantly overrepresented as compared to BMVs. Our study demonstrates for the first time that in the brain microvasculature multiple compensatory mechanisms exists, serving to protect brain tissue from diabetic insults, whereas these mechanisms are not activated in the retinal microvasculature. This provides new insights as to why brain microvasculature is less susceptible to diabetes.
Ultra-low reflection porous silicon nanowires for solar cell applications

High density vertically aligned Porous Silicon NanoWires (PSiNWs) were fabricated on silicon substrate using metal assisted chemical etching process. A linear dependency of nanowire length to the etching time was obtained and the change in the growth rate of PSiNWs by increasing etching durations was shown. A typical 2D bright-field TEM image used for volume reconstruction of the sample shows the pores size varying from 10 to 50 nm. Furthermore, reflectivity measurements show that the 35% reflectivity of the starting silicon wafer drops to 0.1%, recorded for more than 10 μm long PSiNWs. Models based on cone shape of nanowires located in a circular and rectangular bases were used to calculate the reflectance employing the Transfert Matrix Formalism (TMF) of the PSiNWs layer. Using TMF, the Bruggeman model was used to calculate the refractive index of PSiNWs layer. The calculated reflectance using circular cone shape fits better the measured reflectance for PSiNWs. The remarkable decrease in optical reflectivity indicates that PSiNWs is a good antireflective layer and have a great potential to be utilized in radial or coaxial p-n heterojunction solar cells that could provide orthogonal photon absorption and enhanced carrier collection.
Comparison of the Detection Performance Between FAP and FDG PET/CT in Various Cancers

Purpose 18F-FDG is the dominant radiotracer in oncology; however, it has limitations. Novel labeled fibroblast activation protein (FAP) radiotracers have been developed and published in several studies. Thus, this meta-analysis aimed to compare the detection rates (DRs) of FDG and FAP, based on previous studies from a systematic review. Methods PubMed/MEDLINE and Cochrane library databases were used to perform a comprehensive and systematic search and are updated to April 30, 2022. The DR, relative risk, and the SUVmax were calculated between the FAP and FDG tracers. Finally, the sensitivity, specificity, diagnostic odds ratio, and summary receiver operating characteristic curve of FAP and FDG were analyzed using gold and reference standards. Results Thirty studies (1170 patients) were included in the meta-analysis. The relative risks of FAP DR for the primary tumor, recurrent tumor, lymph node metastasis, and distant metastasis were FDG 1.06- to 3.00-fold per patient and per lesion. For the primary tumor, FAP uptake was most intense in pancreatic cancer, followed by head and neck, cervical, colorectal, lung, gastric, and hepatocellular carcinoma, and was higher than FDG except for urological system cancer. The sensitivity (0.84–0.98), diagnostic odds ratio (19.36–358.47), and summary receiver operating characteristic curve (0.94–0.99) of FAP based on patient and lesion were better for primary tumors, LN metastasis, and distant metastasis than FDG. Conclusions Fibroblast activation protein is an extremely potential radiotracer to replace most of the use of FDG in oncology. It is noteworthy that the FAP tracers for primary tumors had low specificity despite excellent sensitivity and had lower uptake than FDG in urological system cancer. In addition, the difference in detection between FAP and FDG for LN metastasis could not be certain in sarcoma.
On set-theoretic methods in tracking MPC

The construction of an enlarged terminal constraint set, which consequently implies a larger domain of attraction, is presented for the dual-mode control paradigm for tracking problems. Subsequently, a receding horizon optimal control problem is formulated as a Quadratic Programming problem, which can be efficiently solved on-line. The resulting formulation allows tracking to a set of admissible steady-state/input pairs, thereby, promoting on-line change of economic objectives, by the selection of different operational set-points, whilst, guaranteeing stability and feasibility of the underlying problem. Proof of asymptotic convergence and stability, using Lyapunov arguments, is given for this enlarged set of admissible steady-states.
Recent progress in the development of nanomaterials targeting multiple cancer metabolic pathways: a review of mechanistic approaches for cancer treatment

Abstract Cancer is a very heterogeneous disease, and uncontrolled cell division is the main characteristic of cancer. Cancerous cells need a high nutrition intake to enable aberrant growth and survival. To do so, cancer cells modify metabolic pathways to produce energy and anabolic precursors and preserve redox balance. Due to the importance of metabolic pathways in tumor growth and malignant transformation, metabolic pathways have also been given promising perspectives for cancer treatment, providing more effective treatment strategies, and target-specific with minimum side effects. Metabolism-based therapeutic nanomaterials for targeted cancer treatment are a promising option. Numerous types of nanoparticles (NPs) are employed in the research and analysis of various cancer therapies. The current review focuses on cutting-edge strategies and current cancer therapy methods based on nanomaterials that target various cancer metabolisms. Additionally, it highlighted the primacy of NPs-based cancer therapies over traditional ones, the challenges, and the future potential.
Development of complex executive function over childhood: Longitudinal growth curve modeling of performance on the Groton Maze Learning Task.

This longitudinal study modeled children's complex executive function (EF) development using the Groton Maze Learning Task (GMLT). Using a cohort-sequential design, 147 children (61 males, 5.5-11 years) were recruited from six multicultural primary schools in Melbourne and Perth, Australia. Race/ethnicity data were not available. Children were assessed on the GMLT at 6-month intervals over 2-years between 2010 and 2012. Growth curve models describe age-related change from 5.5 to 12.5 years old. Results showed a quadratic growth trajectory on each measure of error-that is, those that reflect visuospatial memory, executive control (or the ability to apply rules for action), and complex EF. The ability to apply rules for action, while a rate-limiting factor in complex EF, develops rapidly over early-to-mid childhood.
Electroabsorption in GaInAsP

Electroabsorption, or the Franz‐Keldysh effect, has been measured in Ga0.24In0. 76As0.52P0. 48 with an energy gap of 1.03 eV. Absorption coefficients were determined by measuring the transmission versus bias through a double‐heterostructure photodiode. The results are in good agreement with theory and are particularly applicable to modulators and detectors in the 1.25–1.30‐μm band of interest in optical‐fiber transmission.
CancerSupportSourceTM‐Caregiver: Development of a distress screening measure for cancer caregivers

Given the substantial demands of cancer caregiving, practical and psychometrically sound tools to evaluate distress among cancer caregivers are needed. CancerSupportSourceTM‐Caregiver is a distress screening, referral, and support program designed to identify the unmet needs of cancer caregivers and link caregivers to desired resources and support. This study refined and finalized the CancerSupportSource‐Caregiver screening measure and examined its psychometric properties.
Simulation of grain boundary effect on characteristics of ZnO thin film transistor by considering the location and orientation of grain boundary

The grain boundaries (GBs) have a strong effect on the electric properties of ZnO thin film transistors (TFTs). A novel grain boundary model was developed to analyse the effect. The model was characterized with different angles between the orientation of the grain boundary and the channel direction. The potential barriers formed by the grain boundaries increase with the increase of the grain boundary angle, so the degradation of the transistor characteristics increases. When a grain boundary is close to the drain edge, the potential barrier height reduces, so the electric properties were improved.