Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Extraction and Molecular Characterization of Collagen from Poultry Meat Processing by-Product (Chicken Skin)

A study was conducted to utilize less value chicken skin, a by-product obtained during poultry meat processing to extract collagen and to determine type and level of collagen available in it. Collagen was extracted with 0.5M acetic acid containing 1% pepsin after pretreatment of samples to remove non collagenous protein and fat, using 0.1N NaOH and 20% ethanol. The extracted collagen was lyophilized and characterized. SDS-PAGE study revealed that collagen had molecular pattern with two α chain (α 1 and α 2) and one ß chain which is indicative of Type-I collagen. UV spectrum analysis of collagen was done and found that no contamination with non collagen protein. The amino acid analysis showed that glycine was the major component and less amount of lysine, isoleucine. FTIR study showed the characteristic amide band at 3305.19 cm -1 , 2922.52 cm -1 , 1633.98 cm -1 , 1549.08 cm -1 , 1238.07 cm -1 for amide A, B, I, II and III of collagen respectively. The micro architecture studies of collagen using Scanning Electron Microscopy confirmed that the collagen is fibrillar in structure. The result of our study clearly indicated that chicken skin has significant amount of Type-I collagen which can be extracted using acetic acid with pepsin method.
Trivalent logics arising from L-models for the Lambek calculus with constants

We consider language models for the Lambek calculus that allow empty antecedents and enrich them with constants for the empty language and for the language containing only the empty word. No complete calculi are known with respect to these semantics, and in this paper we consider several trivalent systems that arise as fragments of these models’ logics.
Linguistic features in data-driven dependency parsing

This article investigates the effect of a set of linguistically motivated features on argument disambiguation in data-driven dependency parsing of Swedish. We present results from experiments with gold standard features, such as animacy, definiteness and finiteness, as well as corresponding experiments where these features have been acquired automatically and show significant improvements both in overall parse results and in the analysis of specific argument relations, such as subjects, objects and predicatives.
An interference robust 0.18/spl mu/m CMOS 3.1-8GHz receiver front-end for UWB radio

This paper addresses the problem of 5-6GHz WLAN interferer rejection in a receiver front-end, operating from 3.1 GHz to 8 GHz, for multiband OFDM ultra-wide-band applications. The direct conversion IC, realized in a 0.18/spl mu/m CMOS technology, comprises a multiresonance single-ended LNA, a single-balanced mixer and a second order low pass filter. Fabricated dies have been bonded on PCB for characterization. The front-end, drawing 10mA from 1.8V, achieves the following performances: when signals belong to group 1, 5.2dB and 7.3dB minimum and maximum NF respectively, a 1dB gain desensitization with -6dBm interferer at 5.5GHz, minimum IIP3 = -3.5dBm and minimum IIP2 = +34.5dBm. When signals belong to group 3: 5.3dB and 7.7dB minimum and maximum NF respectively, a 1dB gain desensitization with -6.5dBm interferer at 5.5GHz, minimum IIP3 = -3.15dBm and IIP2 = +35.2dBm.
Venous Access Devices: Clinical Rounds

Nursing management of venous access devices (VADs) requires knowledge of current evidence, as well as knowledge of when evidence is limited. Do you know which practices we do based on evidence and those that we do based on institutional history or preference? This article will present complex VAD infection and occlusion complications and some of the controversies associated with them. Important strategies for identifying these complications, troubleshooting, and evaluating the evidence related to lack of blood return, malposition, infection, access and maintenance protocols, and scope of practice issues are presented.
Pharmacogenetics of Oral Antidiabetic Drugs

Oral antidiabetic drugs (OADs) are used for more than a half-century in the treatment of type 2 diabetes. Only in the last five years, intensive research has been conducted in the pharmacogenetics of these drugs based mainly on the retrospective register studies, but only a handful of associations detected in these studies were replicated. The gene variants in CYP2C9, ABCC8/KCNJ11, and TCF7L2 were associated with the effect of sulfonylureas. CYP2C9 encodes sulfonylurea metabolizing cytochrome P450 isoenzyme 2C9, ABCC8 and KCNJ11 genes encode proteins constituting ATP-sensitive K+ channel which is a therapeutic target for sulfonylureas, and TCF7L2 is a gene with the strongest association with type 2 diabetes. SLC22A1, SLC47A1, and ATM gene variants were repeatedly associated with the response to metformin. SLC22A1 and SLC47A1 encode metformin transporters OCT1 and MATE1, respectively. The function of a gene variant near ATM gene identified by a genome-wide association study is not elucidated so far. The first variant associated with the response to gliptins is a polymorphism in the proximity of CTRB1/2 gene which encodes chymotrypsinogen. Establishment of diabetes pharmacogenetics consortia and reduction in costs of genomics might lead to some significant clinical breakthroughs in this field in a near future.
Cost Efficiency and Farm Self-selection in Precision Farming: The Case of Czech Wheat Production

This paper examines allocative and cost efficiency implications of adopting variable-rate fertiliser application using survey data from Czech wheat farms. Data Envelopment Analysis delivered higher efficiency scores for precision farming (PF) adopters. Correcting for selection bias using a one-step endogenous switching regression reveals that farms displaying a lower cost efficiency score are less likely to adopt PF technology. Nonadopters switching to PF technology would likely be affected by a significant decrease in cost efficiency given their production conditions and/or managerial and technical skills. In line with this, results indicate that human capital and farm size increase the likelihood of PF adoption. Cost (allocative efficiency) implications of PF-related changes in input structure only, on the other hand, are not found to have an impact on the choice of technology. A positive allocative efficiency effect of PF technology is brought about mainly by a farm's ability to better extrapolate the soil's productive potential, which is insufficiently reflected in the land rental prices. The allocative as well as cost efficiency implications of PF technology are further related to technology-specific responses to various farm characteristics and technological practices. PF technology makes farms' efficiency more responsive to production conditions, farm specialisation, legal form and other technological practices. The overall efficiency effect the PF practices is, therefore, conditioned on farm characteristics.
Psychometric characteristics of the Night Eating Questionnaire in a Middle East population.

OBJECTIVE To translate and validate the Night Eating Questionnaire (NEQ) into Arabic and to describe the distribution of night eating in an Egyptian sample. METHOD The NEQ was translated into Arabic and administered to 420 university students in Cairo, Egypt. Reliability, validity, and clinical cut-scores were generated for the Arabic NEQ. Distribution and demographic information were examined. RESULTS Cronbach's alpha for the Arabic NEQ was 0.54. A first order confirmatory factor analysis yielded five factors: 1: Nocturnal Ingestions, Factor 2: Evening Hyperphagia, Factor 3: Morning Anorexia, Factor 4: Insomnia, and Factor 5: Mood. A total NEQ score of 26 was determined to be very high after T-score transformation. Of the students, 4.8% scored above this cut score, and no differences for total NEQ score were found for demographic variables. DISCUSSION The Arabic NEQ generated a lower internal consistency score as compared to previous translations, but a similar factor structure. A cut score of 26 is similar to that determined significant for screening purposes in the original English version, and the proportion of those scoring above it is also similar to those of several international community samples. More research is needed to characterize night eating syndrome, its symptoms, and clinical impact in the Arabic culture.
Ear deformities, otoplasty, and ear reconstruction.

LEARNING OBJECTIVES After reviewing this article, the participant should be able to: 1. Evaluate patient's ears for needed adjustments to size, shape, prominence, and symmetry. 2. Identify common ear deformities and describe methods to repair them. 3. Avoid or manage common complications associated with otoplasty and ear reconstruction. SUMMARY The essentials of otoplasty will be described/illustrated for the following conditions: Prominent ears, underdeveloped helical rims (shell ear), macrotia, Stahl's ear, constricted ear, cryptotia, and question mark ear.
Transmit control for secure information sharing in untrusted relay with two antennas

Relay network assisted wireless terminal has an advantage for easily constructing wireless network but a disadvantage for information leak to the wireless terminal. For secure wireless communication, an encryption but the sharing of secrete key between information source and destination are required. A secure information sharing with artificial noise and mirroring null steering for avoiding the information leak to untrusted relay has been proposed. In this paper, for enhancing the security of this proposed secure information sharing, we consider two transmit controls, transmit power control (TPC) and the adaptive node selection of information source. We evaluate the secure capacity by computer simulation.
The Paradox of Received Social Support

Although the perception of available support is associated with positive outcomes, the receipt of actual support from close others is often associated with negative outcomes. In fact, support that is “invisible” (not perceived by the support recipient) is associated with better outcomes than “visible” support. To investigate this paradox, we proposed that received support (both visible and invisible) would be beneficial when it was responsive to the recipient's needs. Sixty-seven cohabiting couples participated in a daily-experience study in which they reported on the support they provided and received each day. Results indicated that both visible and invisible support were beneficial (i.e., associated with less sadness and anxiety and with greater relationship quality) only when the support was responsive. These findings suggest that the nature of support is an important determinant of when received support will be beneficial.
Experimental investigation on destructive potential of shock-induced bubble collapse

The present study experimentally investigates shock-induced collapse of bubbles near boundaries of different plasticity and the resulting destructive erosion. Air bubbles held in gelatin are placed close to either a solid wall or a soft clay layer. High pressure impulse generated by a shock tube is employed to trigger bubble collapse. The bubble deformation is visualized by a focused shadowgraph system, and the damage caused to the boundary surface is closely examined as well. The collapse of bubbles near the soft clay layer shows differences from that near the solid wall in both qualitative description of bubble deformation and quantitative measurement of bubble dynamics. The surface of the clay is marked by the bubble collapse with a volcano-shaped imprint and some material floats into the gelatin in a mushroom shape. In this ongoing investigation, refined results under well-defined and uniform initial conditions will be provided and well suited for validation of numerical models and approaches.
Relations between the visibility of a character and the eye movement in the difference of font types

: There are many font types today. These characters are important in order to acquire information and are needed more visible but relations between the shape of the character and visibility are ambiguous. In this paper describes a relation between a shape of number and visibility. We shown subjects the character of different font types and examined eye movements. An eye mark recorder was used for record of eye movements. The recorded result conducted eye movement paths and fixation frequency. In addition, the reaction time to the shown number was calculated. At the last of the experiment, we made the subjects to evaluate the visibility of each font type.
Dasatinib and Doxorubicin Treatment of Sarcoma Initiating Cells: A Possible New Treatment Strategy

Background. One of the major challenges affecting sarcoma treatment outcome, particularly that of metastatic disease, is resistance to chemotherapy. Cancer-initiating cells are considered a major contributor to this resistance. Methods. An immortalised nontransformed human stromal (mesenchymal) stem cell line hMSC-TERT4 and a transformed cell line hMSC-TERT20-CE8, known to form sarcoma-like tumours when implanted in immune-deficient mice, were used as models. Receptor tyrosine kinase (RTK) activation was analysed by RTK arrays and cellular viability after tyrosine kinases inhibitor (TKI) treatment with or without doxorubicin was assessed by MTS assay. Results. Initial results showed that the hMSC-TERT4 was more doxorubicin-sensitive while hMSC-TERT20-CE8 was less doxorubicin-sensitive evidenced by monitoring cell viability in the presence of doxorubicin at different doses. The epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) was activated in both cell lines. However hMSC-TERT20-CE8 exhibited significantly higher expression of the EGFR ligands. EGFR inhibitors such as erlotinib and afatinib alone or in combination with doxorubicin failed to further decrease cell viability of hMSC-TERT20-CE8. However, inhibition with the TKI dasatinib in combination with doxorubicin decreased cell viability of the hMSC-TERT20-CE8 cell line. Conclusion. Our results demonstrate that dasatinib, but not EGFR-directed treatment, can decrease cell viability of stromal cancer stem cells less sensitive to doxorubicin.
Monitoring the anaesthetist in the operating theatre – professional competence and patient safety

This article about competence and patient safety in anaesthesia was inspired by a statement in the 2015 AAGBI guidelines on monitoring during anaesthesia: ‘the presence of an appropriately trained and experienced anaesthetist is important for patient safety during anaesthesia’. The review starts with a structured description of competence, presenting five dimensions of it; the first two dimensions are identical with the two classical attributes of competence, practical skills and theoretical knowledge. Concerning skills, the value of aiming for a high level of proficiency early in a traning programme is pointed out, and deliberate practice is given as an example of a pedagogical model where aiming for excellence is a core idea. For theoretical knowledge, the value of a deep approach to learning physiology and basic sciences is stressed. The third dimension (anaesthetists’ non‐technical skills), represents skills necessary for good team‐work in the operating theatre. The two last dimensions of competence are the understanding of work and intuitive expert knowing. Understanding work means being aware of what the work is about, appreciating the different aspects of the anaesthetist's job. Intuitive expert knowing, lastly, concerns the tacit dimension of knowledge and skills, which enables professional experts to quickly find a working solution for most clinical problems. The final part of the review is about the ‘when’ and ‘how’ of competence assessment. The main message is the importance of assessing the competence of clinically active anaesthetists regularly during their whole career.
The Influence of Economic Growth on Regional Disparities: Empirical Evidence from OECD Countries

In the context of growing regional disparities which exist both in developed and developing countries, the primary goal of this paper is to examine the influence of total economic activities on regional disparities. In the research panel sample of the selected OECD countries has been used with the data for the time period from 2000 to 2011. The empirical analysis reveals that there is a long-term relationship between the variables, that economic growth and regional disparities move in the same direction and that the impact of economic growth on regional disparities is statistically significant. Consequently, in order to reduce regional disparities, it is necessary to increase the share of less developed regions in the total output. In this matter, it should be helpful to adequately coordinate policies about regional development from all levels of governance.
Aggregates of Small Nuclear Ribonucleic Acids (snRNAs) in Alzheimer's Disease

We recently discovered that protein components of the ribonucleic acid (RNA) spliceosome form cytoplasmic aggregates in Alzheimer's disease (AD) brain, resulting in widespread changes in RNA splicing. However, the involvement of small nuclear RNAs (snRNAs), also key components of the spliceosome complex, in the pathology of AD remains unknown. Using immunohistochemical staining of post‐mortem human brain and spinal cord, we identified cytoplasmic tangle‐shaped aggregates of snRNA in both sporadic and familial AD cases but not in aged controls or other neurodegenerative disorders. Immunofluorescence using antibodies reactive with the 2,2,7‐trimethylguanosine cap of snRNAs and transmission electron microscopy demonstrated snRNA localization with tau and paired helical filaments, the main component of neurofibrillary tangles. Quantitative real‐time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) showed U1 snRNA accumulation in the insoluble fraction of AD brains whereas other U snRNAs were not enriched. In combination with our previous results, these findings demonstrate that aggregates of U1 snRNA and U1 small nuclear ribonucleoproteins represent a new pathological hallmark of AD.
V(D)J recombination

Correspondence to: David G. Schatz Howard Hughes Medical Institute Section of Immunobiology Yale University School of Medicine 300 Cedar Street, Post Box 208011 New Haven, CT 06520-8011, USA Tel. þ1-203-737-2255 Fax: þ1-203-785-3855 E-mail: david.schatz@yale.edu The discovery of V(D)J recombination (1, 2), nearly 30 years ago, triggered a dramatic shift in our thinking about somatic plasticity of the genome and fundamental features of the adaptive immune system. It opened the door to entirely new levels of investigation and understanding of the generation of antigen receptor diversity and lymphocyte development. Work in the 1980s focused on the antigen receptor loci; immunoglobulin heavy (IgH)and light chain-loci and Tcell receptor (TCR) a, b, g, and d loci were discovered and their structures and rearrangements catalogued (3). The next decade was ushered in with the discovery of the recombinationactivating gene 1 (RAG1) and RAG2 (4, 5), and during these 10 years, fundamental aspects of how the RAG proteins initiate V(D)J recombination were elucidated (6). The 1990s also saw the elaboration of the connection between V(D)J recombination and the ubiquitous process of non-homologous end-joining (NHEJ) (7), although the mechanisms by which the broken ends in V(D)J recombination get processed and repaired, remain poorly understood. The new decade of the 2000s is likely to be a transitional one in which important advances continue to be made in the study of the RAG proteins and the NHEJ repair process, but in which momentum gathers in the study of the higher order regulation of V(D)J recombination, an area inextricably linked to chromatin structure and to chromosome dynamics. This volume of Immunological Reviews contains 20 articles that discuss the current state of our knowledge in almost all areas relevant to V(D)J recombination and that highlight many of the major unanswered questions that can be glimpsed from our current vantage point. On the theory that it is important to know where you have come from as you consider where you are and where you are going, the volume begins with an article from the Litman laboratory that addresses the evolution of antigen receptor genes and the systems that diversify them. It is plausible that ‘split’ antigen receptor genes first arose through the action of Immunological Reviews 2004 Vol. 200: 5–11 Printed in Denmark. All rights reserved
From small screens to big displays: understanding interaction in multi-display environments

Devices such as tablets, mobile phones, tabletops and wall displays all incorporate different sizes of screens, and are now commonplace in a variety of situations and environments. Environments that incorporate these devices, multi-display environments (MDEs) are highly interactive and innovative, but the interaction in these environments is not well understood. The research presented here investigates and explores interaction and users in MDEs. This exploration tries to understand the conceptual models of MDEs for users and then examine and validate interaction approaches that can be done to make them more usable. In addition to a brief literature review, the methodology, research goals and current research status are presented.
Predicting Action Content On-Line and in Real Time before Action Onset - an Intracranial Human Study

The ability to predict action content from neural signals in real time before the action occurs has been long sought in the neuroscientific study of decision-making, agency and volition. On-line real-time (ORT) prediction is important for understanding the relation between neural correlates of decision-making and conscious, voluntary action as well as for brain-machine interfaces. Here, epilepsy patients, implanted with intracranial depth microelectrodes or subdural grid electrodes for clinical purposes, participated in a "matching-pennies" game against an opponent. In each trial, subjects were given a 5 s countdown, after which they had to raise their left or right hand immediately as the "go" signal appeared on a computer screen. They won a fixed amount of money if they raised a different hand than their opponent and lost that amount otherwise. The question we here studied was the extent to which neural precursors of the subjects' decisions can be detected in intracranial local field potentials (LFP) prior to the onset of the action. We found that combined low-frequency (0.1-5 Hz) LFP signals from 10 electrodes were predictive of the intended left-/right-hand movements before the onset of the go signal. Our ORT system predicted which hand the patient would raise 0.5 s before the go signal with 68±3% accuracy in two patients. Based on these results, we constructed an ORT system that tracked up to 30 electrodes simultaneously, and tested it on retrospective data from 7 patients. On average, we could predict the correct hand choice in 83% of the trials, which rose to 92% if we let the system drop 3/10 of the trials on which it was less confident. Our system demonstrates— for the first time—the feasibility of accurately predicting a binary action on single trials in real time for patients with intracranial recordings, well before the action occurs.
Methods of Measuring a Classroom's Indoor Audio Environmental Parameters

Reverberation time and language definition is an important parameter to weight the auditory environment in classrooms. By analyzing the indoor environment of classrooms, a new method was put forward in which the acoustics parameters was educed by using neural network. Comparing with other methods, the method built the connection between the environment character and reverberation time and language definition in classroom and gained the better deducing accuracy. It provided a new thought about research of inner-classroom audio environment and design of classroom acoustics.