Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Conventional and PSO Based Approaches for Model Reduction of SISO Discrete Systems

Reduction of Single Input Single Output (SISO) discrete systems into lower order model, using a conventional and an evolutionary technique is presented in this paper. In the conventional technique, the mixed advantages of Modified Cauer Form (MCF) and differentiation are used. In this method the original discrete system is, first, converted into equivalent continuous system by applying bilinear transformation. The denominator of the equivalent continuous system and its reciprocal are differentiated successively, the reduced denominator of the desired order is obtained by combining the differentiated polynomials. The numerator is obtained by matching the quotients of MCF. The reduced continuous system is converted back into discrete system using inverse bilinear transformation. In the evolutionary technique method, Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) is employed to reduce the higher order model. PSO method is based on the minimization of the Integral Squared Error (ISE) between the transient responses of original higher order model and the reduced order model pertaining to a unit step input. Both the methods are illustrated through numerical example. Keywords—Discrete System, Single Input Single Output (SISO), Bilinear Transformation, Reduced Order Model, Modified Cauer Form, Polynomial Differentiation, Particle Swarm Optimization, Integral Squared Error.
A Survey of Social Networking Environment to Predict Collective Behavior

In Collective Behavior we come to know how individuals behave in social network environment. The main aim is to guess how there is collective behavior in social media. Many social media face this problem of prediction. Due to the non homogenous nature of connections present in the network a social-dimensions based approach is shown. There are many numbers of actors present in social media. So because of this problem a new technique of edge centric clustering is studied over here which extracts sparse social dimensions. The sparse social network efficiently handles a huge network of actors which gives better performance to all other non sacalable
Unsupervised Legendre–Galerkin Neural Network for Solving Partial Differential Equations

In recent years, machine learning methods have been used to solve partial differential equations (PDEs) and dynamical systems, leading to the development of a new research field called scientific machine learning, which combines techniques such as deep neural networks and statistical learning with classical problems in applied mathematics. In this paper, we present a novel numerical algorithm that uses machine learning and artificial intelligence to solve PDEs. Based on the Legendre-Galerkin framework, we propose an unsupervised machine learning algorithm that learns multiple instances of the solutions for different types of PDEs. Our approach addresses the limitations of both data-driven and physics-based methods. We apply the proposed neural network to general 1D and 2D PDEs with various boundary conditions, as well as convection-dominated singularly perturbed PDEs that exhibit strong boundary layer behavior.
A motion planning algorithm for the rolling-body problem

In this paper, we consider the control system ¿ defined by the rolling of a strictly convex surface S on a plane without slipping or spinning. It is well known that ¿ is completely controllable. The purpose of this paper is to present the numerical implementation of a constructive planning algorithm for ¿, which is based on a continuation method. The performances of that algorithm, both in robustness and convergence speed, are illustrated through two examples: rolling of a flattened ball and an egg on the plane.
Using Real-Time fMRI to Control a Dynamical System by Brain Activity Classification

We present a method for controlling a dynamical system using real-time fMRI. The objective for the subject in the MR scanner is to balance an inverted pendulum by activating the left or right hand or resting. The brain activity is classified each second by a neural network and the classification is sent to a pendulum simulator to change the force applied to the pendulum. The state of the inverted pendulum is shown to the subject in a pair of VR goggles. The subject was able to balance the inverted pendulum during several minutes, both with real activity and imagined activity. In each classification 9000 brain voxels were used and the response time for the system to detect a change of activity was on average 2-4 seconds. The developments here have a potential to aid people with communication disabilities, such as locked in people. Another future potential application can be to serve as a tool for stroke and Parkinson patients to be able to train the damaged brain area and get real-time feedback for more efficient training.
Quantitative Estimates of Nonlinear Flow Characteristics of Deformable Rough-Walled Rock Fractures with Various Lithologies

The existence of surface roughness, various contact conditions and the occurrence of flow nonlinearity make the flow process in natural rock fractures more complicated. To evaluate the fluid flow regimes in deformable rough-walled rock fractures, a great many hydromechanical tests were conducted on nine real fractures artificially produced from a wide range of lithological diversity. For fractures with a certain JRC (fracture roughness coefficient) value, the confining pressure varied from 5 to 20 MPa, and the hydraulic pressure was increased from 0.4 to 6.0 MPa. The experimental results display that (i) regression analyses of the raw experimental data indicate that the Forchheimer’s law provides a perfect description for flow process through the fractures. The coefficients of viscous and inertial pressure drops undergo a growth of 2–3 orders of magnitude with an increase in the confining pressure; (ii) the hydraulic aperture decreases by approximately 87.41–92.81% as the confining pressure increases, and experiences a decrease of 1.52–2.96 times with the JRC values. A power-law function is used to evaluate the hydraulic aperture as a function of the nonlinear coefficient. The nonlinear coefficient decreases with increasing hydraulic aperture; (iii) using Forchheimer equation, the critical Reynolds number Rec was successfully assessed by choosing E percentage (generally 10%) of the nonlinear effect as the critical value between the linear and nonlinear flow regimes. The obtained Rec steadily increases with increasing confining pressure, while it diminishes with the JRC values; and (v) the transmissivity decreases as the pressure gradient increases. Additionally, transmissivity also exhibits a decreasing trend with both the confining pressures and JRC values due to fracture closure and tortuous and channeling flow paths in rougher fractures, and the rate of its decrease for a smaller confining pressure (5, 10 MPa) is more significant.
International Journal of Advance Research in Computer Science and Management Studies

Annotations are mostly useful mechanisms that support an amount of advantageous document management applications like highlighting a text, inserting additional notes, third-party commentary, design rationale, data filtering, and semantic labelling of manuscript. The ubiquity of web database content influences the need for web annotation systems that are lightweight, efficient, transparent, platform-independent, user friendly and scalable. Constructing such a system using open and regular web infrastructures facilitates extensive applicability and deployment. The paper describes our literature survey experiences with client, browser-based web annotation systems and proxy server based annotation system details. We have observed that web communication systems are missing elements like recent web infrastructure that create any implementation of annotation systems unsatisfactory. Technical hitches with web-based text information retrieval (IR) systems include unauthentic matches, manually intensive document sifting, and the lack of communication or coordination between users. A prototype implementation, and the collaborative infrastructure enabled by Annotate! System has improved the transmission of ideas in the search community. This paper discusses fundamentals of current web infrastructure, potential changes and annotation based web communication systems to the web design that might make the proposal of annotation systems more complete.
Biomonitoring airborne pollution: a case study of “Urginea maritima” species in Bentael natural reserve – Lebanon

ABSTRACT Biomonitoring airborne pollution has been a widespread practice. Its advantages make it an alternative to costly technological techniques. In this context, a rare species “Urginea maritima” was tested to measure the changes surrounding Bentael natural reserve in Lebanon, triggered by the inauguration of a new road on its south side, and revealed alarming results through two years study (2015–2016). Three environmental indicators were evaluated: Air Pollution Tolerance Index, Total Antioxidant Capacity and leaf Relative Water Content. These factors showed the escalated evolution of the air pollution during the studied months. In addition, six parameters, separated between pollution markers and scavengers, were studied: hydrogen peroxide, pheophytin, proline, ascorbic acid, carotenoids and total phenolic compounds showed a gradual and sharp increase. The passive biomonitoring with plants confirmed to be a reliable method to evaluate airborne pollution effects which will expose new extent to establish a routine monitoring program in Lebanon.
City Research Online

— Cloud is a new area of specialization in the computing world, and, as such, it has not been explicitly addressed by traditional programming languages and environments. Therefore, there is a need to create Domain Specific Languages (DSLs) for it. This paper presents such a DSL that targets logistics clouds, i.e. networked resources and systems of logistics organisations. The DSL is implemented on top of the functional concurrent language Erlang and its distributed data management system Mnesia. The paper presents features of the DSL that implement commonly occurring use cases in the logistics cloud such as message exchange, document sharing and notifications. We show how program features in this DSL map to the underlying Erlang/OTP runtime.
Geochemical Exports to River From the Intrameander Hyporheic Zone Under Transient Hydrologic Conditions: East River Mountainous Watershed, Colorado

To understand how redox processes influence carbon, nitrogen, and iron cycling within the intrameander hyporheic zone, we developed a biotic and abiotic reaction network and incorporated it into the reactive transport simulator PFLOTRAN. Two‐dimensional reactive flow and transport simulations were performed (1) to evaluate how transient hydrological conditions control the lateral redox zonation within an intrameander region of the East River in Colorado and (2) to quantify the impact of a single meander on subsurface exports of carbon and other geochemical species to the river. The meander's overall contribution to the river was quantified by integrating geochemical outfluxes along the outside of the meander bend. The model was able to capture the field‐observed trends of dissolved oxygen, nitrate, iron, pH, and total inorganic carbon along a 2‐D transect. Consistent with field observations, simulated dissolved oxygen and nitrate decreased along the intrameander flow paths while iron (Fe2+) concentration increased. The simulation results further demonstrated that the reductive potential of the lateral redox zonation was controlled by groundwater velocities resulting from river stage fluctuations, with low‐water conditions promoting reducing conditions. The sensitivity analysis results showed that permeability had a more significant impact on biogeochemical zonation compared to the reaction pathways under transient hydrologic conditions. The simulation results further indicated that the meander acted as a sink for organic and inorganic carbon as well as iron during the extended baseflow and high‐water conditions; however, these geochemical species were released into the river during the falling limb of the hydrograph.
Mathematical Structures in Computer Science

Alloy is a declarative language for lightweight modelling and analysis of software. The core of the language is based on ﬁrst-order relational logic, which oﬀers an attractive balance between analysability and expressiveness. The logic is expressive enough to capture the intricacies of real systems, but is also simple enough to support fully automated analysis with the Alloy Analyzer. The Analyzer is built on a SAT-based constraint solver and provides automated simulation, checking and debugging of Alloy speciﬁcations. Because of its automated analysis and expressive logic, Alloy has been applied in a wide variety of domains. These applications have motivated a number of extensions both to the Alloy language and to its SAT-based analysis. This paper provides an overview of Alloy in the context of its three largest application domains, lightweight modelling, bounded code veriﬁcation and test-case generation, and three recent application-driven extensions, an imperative extension to the language, a compiler to executable code and a proof-capable analyser based on SMT.
Decision Tree Approach for Classification of Satellite Imagery

— Various practical systems capable of extracting descriptive decision making knowledge from data have been developed and evaluated. Techniques that represent knowledge about classification tasks in the form of decision trees are focused on. A sample of techniques is sketched, ranging from basic methods of constructing decision trees to ways of using them non-categorically. Some characteristics that suggest whether a particular classification task is likely to he amenable or otherwise to tree-based methods are discussed. Many urban land cover types show spectral similarity in remote sensing data. Further, the finer the spatial resolution of the data, the larger is the number of detectable subclasses within classes. This high within-class spectral variance of some classes results in multimodal distribution of spectra and may decrease their spectral separability. Hence, the existing traditional hard classification techniques which are parametric type do not perform well on high resolution data in the complex environment of the urban area as they expect datasets to be distributed normally. The aim of this paper is to investigate a non-parametric classifier as an alternative approach to classify an image data of a semi urban area.
Ubiquitous Robot : A New Paradigm for Integrated Services

This paper presents the components and overall architecture of the ubiquitous robot (Ubibot) system developed to demonstrate ubiquitous robotics, a new paradigm for integrated services. The system has been developed on the basis of the definition of the ubiquitous robot as that of encompassing the Software robot Sobot, Embedded Robot Embot and the Mobile Robot Mobot. This tripartite partition, which independently manifests Intelligence, Perception and Action, enables the abstraction of intelligence through the standardization of sensory data and motor or action commands. The Ubibot system itself is introduced along with its component subsystems of Embots, the Position Embot, Vision Embot and Sound Embot, the Mobots of Mybot and HSR, the Sobot, Rity, a virtual pet modeled as an artificial creature, and finally the Middleware which seamlessly enables interconnection between other components. Three kinds of experiments are devised to demonstrate the fundamental features, of calm sensing, context awareness and seamless service transcending the spatial limitations in the abilities of earlier generation personal robots. The experiments demonstrate the proof of concept of this powerful new paradigm which shows great promise.
GEOPOLÍTICA DE LA AYUDA. ¿CÓMO OPTIMIZAR EL IMPACTO DE LA AYUDA SOBRE EL CRECIMIENTO?

El debate sobre como asignar geograficamente la ayuda ha estado vigente desde los albores del sistema de cooperacion internacional. Si bien se acepta comunmente que la ayuda debe ser una respuesta solidaria a las necesidades socio-economicas del mundo en desarrollo, las practicas distributivas de los donantes cuestionan a menudo este principio inspirador. La “geopolitica de la ayuda” ha sido objeto de intenso analisis, habiendose concedido mayor atencion a los estudios de caracter “positivo”, que a sus contrapartes “normativos”. Este articulo revisa esta segunda categoria de estudios, distinguiendo tres enfoques distributivos distintos: i) el enfoque marginalista, que propone esquemas de asignacion que maximizan la reduccion de la pobreza en el mundo; ii) el enfoque de igualdad de oportunidades, que propone criterios distributivos basados en principios post-utilitaristas; y, iii) el enfoque pragmatico de asignacion, basado en “rendimientos”, que han aplicado unos pocos donantes. Finalmente se resumen las principales potencialidades y limitaciones de esta literatura, y se exponen sus principales contribuciones para la conformacion de un sistema de ayuda “eficiente”, que promueva la coordinacion geografica entre donantes. The debate over how to optimally allocate aid has been in force since the beginning of the co-operation system. Although it has been commonly accepted that aid should be a solidarity response to the socio-economic needs of the developing world, donors’ distributive practices often question this inspiring principle. The “aid geography” has been intensively researched, and greater attention has been paid on “positive” analysis than on “normative” analysis. This paper shall revise this second category of analysis, distinguishing three different distributive approaches: i) the marginalist approach, which allocates aid in order to maximize poverty reduction; ii) the equal opportunity approach, which proposes a distributive criteria based on post-welfarist principles; and iii) the pragmatic performance-based approach, which has been applied by a limited number of donors. Finally, it shall summarize the main potentialities and limitations of this literature and present its main contributions to building an “efficient” aid system that promotes geographical coordination among donors.
Water-level attenuation in global-scale assessments of exposure to coastal flooding : a sensitivity analysis

This study explores the uncertainty introduced in global assessments of coastal flood exposure and risk when not accounting for water-level attenuation due to landsurface characteristics. We implement a range of plausible water-level attenuation values for characteristic land-cover classes in the flood module of the Dynamic and Integrated Vulnerability Assessment (DIVA) modelling framework and assess the sensitivity of flood exposure and flood risk indicators to differences in attenuation rates. Results show a reduction of up to 44 % in area exposure and even larger reductions in population exposure and expected flood damages when considering water-level attenuation. The reductions vary by country, reflecting the differences in the physical characteristics of the floodplain as well as in the spatial distribution of people and assets in coastal regions. We find that uncertainties related to not accounting for water attenuation in global assessments of flood risk are of similar magnitude to the uncertainties related to the amount of sea-level rise expected over the 21st century. Despite using simplified assumptions to account for the process of water-level attenuation, which depends on numerous factors and their complex interactions, our results strongly suggest that an improved understanding and representation of the temporal and spatial variation of water levels across floodplains is essential for future impact modelling.
for Comprehensive

Reuse of products, processes and other knowledge will be the key to enable the software industry to achieve the dramatic improvement in productivity and quality required to satisfy the anticipated growing demands. Although experience shows that certain kinds of reuse can be successful, general success has been elusive. A software life-cycle technology which allows comprehensive reuse of all kinds of software-related experience could provide the means to achieving the desired order-of-magnitude improvements. In this paper, we introduce a comprehensive framework of models, model-based characterization schemes, and support mechanisms for better understanding, evaluating, planning,and supporting all aspects of reuse.
Distinguishing Generation and Selection of Modifier Attachments : Implications for Lexicalized Parsing

We investigated the lexicalization of syntactic knowledge in two reading experiments, one using a moving window paradigm and one measuring eye movements. Our study was motivated by Spivey-Knowlton and Sedivy’s (1995) finding that verb class, and by implication frequency information, determined how easily a prepositional phrase (PP) was attached to a verb phrase (VP) or to a direct object noun phrase (NP). Because they found longer reading times for NP-attached PPs than for VP-attached PPs following action verbs, and the reverse pattern for psych/perception verbs, their data seem to demonstrate that adjunct slots and their frequencies are encoded in the lexical entry of the verb. Such detail is consistent with a highly lexicalized parser, in which both argument and adjunct slots are represented in the lexical entry of each phrasal head. However, we came to different conclusions after using stimuli that were very similar to those used in Spivey-Knowlton and Sedivy, but that compared temporarily ambiguous sentences with unambiguous versions. We essentially replicated the Spivey-Knowlton and Sedivy results using temporarily ambiguous sentences, though the results were not robust in the item analyses. In contrast, with unambiguous versions, we found lexical frequency effects for argument PPs, but not for adjunct PPs. These findings indicate that the lexicalization of syntactic knowledge is limited to argument structure. More generally, this work offers additional support for the distinction between structure generation and selection, and illustrates how factors differentially affecting those processes may be explored empirically.
Understanding Cryptography: A Textbook for Students and Practitioners

Cryptography is now ubiquitous moving beyond the traditional environments, such as government communications and banking systems, we see cryptographic techniques realized in Web browsers, e-mail programs, cell phones, manufacturing systems, embedded software, smart buildings, cars, and even medical implants. Today's designers need a comprehensive understanding of applied cryptography. After an introduction to cryptography and data security, the authors explain the main techniques in modern cryptography, with chapters addressing stream ciphers, the Data Encryption Standard (DES) and 3DES, the Advanced Encryption Standard (AES), block ciphers, the RSA cryptosystem, public-key cryptosystems based on the discrete logarithm problem, elliptic-curve cryptography (ECC), digital signatures, hash functions, Message Authentication Codes (MACs), and methods for key establishment, including certificates and public-key infrastructure (PKI). Throughout the book, the authors focus on communicating the essentials and keeping the mathematics to a minimum, and they move quickly from explaining the foundations to describing practical implementations, including recent topics such as lightweight ciphers for RFIDs and mobile devices, and current key-length recommendations. The authors have considerable experience teaching applied cryptography to engineering and computer science students and to professionals, and they make extensive use of examples, problems, and chapter reviews, while the books website offers slides, projects and links to further resources. This is a suitable textbook for graduate and advanced undergraduate courses and also for self-study by engineers.