Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Transient spatial deficit associated with bilateral lesions of the lateral mammillary nuclei

The mammillary bodies have long been implicated in spatial memory, and lesions of this structure in rats can impair some spatial memory tasks. The mammillary bodies, however, comprise two main nuclei that have different electrophysiological and anatomical properties. It is therefore possible that they have different functions. The present study determined whether selective lesions of one of these components, the lateral mammillary nucleus, are sufficient to induce spatial memory deficits. While selective lateral mammillary nuclei lesions induced deficits on a working memory task in the water maze, this impairment was milder and not as persistent as that seen with complete mammillary body lesions. Furthermore, lateral mammillary nuclei lesions did not impair T‐maze alternation, which is sensitive to complete mammillary body lesions. From these results it appears that lesions confined to the lateral mammillary nuclei are sufficient to produce mild impairments when rapid, new spatial learning is at a premium. At the same time, the remaining mammillary nuclei also contribute to spatial learning, though this may be in a qualitatively different manner.
Protein kinase C activators reduce the inositol trisphosphate‐Induced outward current and the CA2+ ‐activated outward current in identified neurons of aplysia

Effects of intracellularly injected activators of protein kinase C on the InsP3‐induced K+ current and the Ca2+‐activated K+ current recorded from identified neurons (R9—R12) of Aplysia kurodai were investigated with conventional voltage‐clamp and pressureinjection techniques. Intracellular injection of InsP3 into identified neurons produced a 4‐aminopiridine (4‐AP)‐resistant, tetraethylammonium (TEA)‐sensitive, and quinidine‐sensitive K+ current similar to the Ca2+ activated K+ current elicited by direct injection of Ca2+ ions into the same neurons.
From Knowledge Bases to Markov Models to PCA

The study of control in computer vision is necessitated by the simple observation that few if any significant vision systems are implemented as one-step mappings. Instead, most systems are multi-stage processes that map images onto highlevel interpretations, either in the form of labels, 3D models, or both. The steps involved change from system to system. Common examples include selective attention, stereo and motion analysis, feature extraction (edges, corners, lines, Gabor responses), segmentation, image registration, camera resection (pose determination), appearance matching, geometric matching, graph matching, and constraint matching. The control problem is to put these steps together, either concurrently, sequentially or recurrently, to create an effective and efficient vision system.
Relations between lexical-temporal features in mothers' speech and infants' interactive behaviours

Research examining the relations between specific features of mothers' speech and infant behaviour has generally focused on the prosodic characteristics of infant-directed speech such as patterns of pausing and variations in fundamental frequency. The present study was aimed at extending these findings to include a series of other vocal parameters varying in degree of approximation to full realizations of linguistic signals, including lexical content. Face-to-face interactions of 14 French-speaking mothers with their 4-month-old infants were videotaped and coded according to four categories of infant behaviour and six categories of maternal speech. The results showed that the characteristics of mothers' speech were predictable from the categories of infant behaviour. In particular, mothers produced longer non-phonemic sound productions when the baby smiled and/or vocalized positively for a long time. When there was joint
Local Hemodynamics Dictate Long-Term Dendritic Plasticity in Peri-Infarct Cortex

Changes in dendritic spine turnover are a major mechanism of experience-dependent plasticity in the adult neocortex. Dendritic spine plasticity may also contribute to functional recovery after stroke, but in that setting its expression may be complicated by alterations in local tissue perfusion, especially around the infarct. Using adult Thy-1 GFP-M mice, we simultaneously recorded long-term spine dynamics in apical dendrites from layer 5 pyramidal cells and blood flow from surrounding capillaries with in vivo two-photon microscopy in peri-infarct cortex before and after unilateral middle cerebral artery occlusion. Blood flow in peri-infarct cortex decreased significantly immediately after stroke and improved gradually over time, in a distance-dependent manner from the epicenter of the infarct. However, local tissue perfusion was never fully restored even after a 3 month recovery period. On average, surviving layer 5 pyramidal neurons experienced a ∼20% decrease in spine density acutely after stroke but eventually recovered. The dynamics of this improvement were different depending on the degree of tissue perfusion acutely after arterial occlusion. Cells in ischemic areas closer to the infarct returned to normal spine density levels slowly by retaining spines, while cells in more remote regions with preserved blood flow recovered faster by adding more spines, eventually surpassing baseline spine density by 15%. Our data suggest that maintaining tissue perfusion in the area surrounding the infarct could hasten or augment synaptic plasticity and functional recovery after stroke.
Definition of the role of chromosome 9p21 in sporadic melanoma through genetic analysis of primary tumours and their metastases

Malignant melanoma (MM) is thought to arise by sequential accumulation of genetic alterations in normal melanocytes. Previous cytogenetic and molecular studies indicated the 9p21 as the chromosomal region involved in MM pathogenesis. In addition to the CDKN genes (p16/CDKN2A, p15/CDKN2B and p19ARF, frequently inactivated in familial MM), widely reported data suggested the presence within this region of other melanoma susceptibility gene(s). To clearly assess the role of the 9p21 region in sporadic melanoma, we evaluated the presence of microsatellite instability (MSI) and loss of heterozygosity (LOH) in primary tumours as well as in synchronous or asynchronous metastases obtained from the same MM patients, using 9 polymorphic markers from a 17-cM region at 9p21. LOH and MSI were found in 27 (41%) and 11 (17%), respectively, out of 66 primary tumours analysed. In corresponding 58 metastases, MSI was found at higher rate (22; 38%), whereas a quite identical pattern of allelic deletions with 27 (47%) LOH+ cases were observed. Although the CDKN locus was mostly affected by LOH, an additional region of common allelic deletion corresponding to marker D9S171 was also identified. No significant statistical correlation between any 9p21 genetic alteration (LOH, MSI or both) and clinicopathological parameters was observed. © 2000 Cancer Research Campaign http://www.bjcancer. com
Root Metaphor in the Old and New Industrial Relations

Why have academic concerns and priorities within the old industrial relations paradigm seemingly wilted before the ideas of a new, more business oriented paradigm? I suggest that the answer lies partly in the relative appeal of their respective root metaphors. The metaphor of the old tends to be closed, static and pessimistic — industrial relations as trench war. The new offers a more hopeful, essentially American pioneering metaphor that conveys challenge and progress and makes a fetish of change. However, while I accept the inevitability of metaphorical devices in disseminating and even generating ideas in social science, the article warns against being seduced by the attractiveness of the metaphor rather than the robustness of the idea.
Differential Treatment of Phonological Disability in Children With Impaired Hearing Who Were Trained Orally

The efficacy of differential treatment of phonological disability was studied in children with moderate to severe sensorineural hearing impairments who presented with both phonetic and phonemic error types. Two treatments were administered to four subjects aged 5:0 to 10:5 with prelinguistic hearing impairment who had been trained orally. Phonetic treatment was modeled in accord with an articulation approach using syllable imitation. Phonemic treatment was modeled in accord with a phonological approach using meaningful minimal contrasts. Phonetic targets were consonant singletons; phonemic targets were phonological processes. Within each treatment, one target was trained; the other served as a control. Results indicated a tendency toward improved target production in training and generalization with phonemic treatment. Individual subject differences in training and in generalization were evident for the phonetic treatment. No between-treatment differences in training were found. However, between-treatment.
Robust off-line heartbeat detection using ECG and pressure-signals

Artefacts in pressure- and ECG-signals generally arise due to different causes. Therefore, the combined analysis of both signals can increase the effectiveness of heartbeat detection compared to analysis using solely ECG-signals. In this paper, we present an algorithm for heartbeat annotation by combining the analysis of both the pressure- and ECG-signals. The novelties of our algorithm are as follows: (1) development of a new approach for annotating heartbeats using pressure-signals, (2) development of a mechanism that identifies and corrects paced rhythms, and (3) development of a noise detection approach. Our algorithm is tested on the datasets from the extended phase of the Physionet CINC-2014 challenge and produces an overall score of 87.31%. Finally, we put forth several recommendations that could further improve our algorithm.
DRSim: A cyber physical simulator for Demand Response systems

Demand Response (DR) is a mechanism in which electricity consumers alter their demand in response to power grid's supply and economic conditions. DR programs have the potential to improve resource efficiency, sustainability, grid reliability and economic viability by providing tighter alignment between demand and supply. However, implementing DR program is a non-trivial task as it requires good knowledge of electricity consumption preferences, economic models and contextual factors. Developing such knowledge through real world studies can be expensive and be time consuming. As a result, utility companies have been finding it complicated to analyze potential viability and return on investments of DR programs for various `what-if' scenarios. To address this problem, we present DRSim - a cyber-physical simulator that allows utility companies to study demand side participation aspects of communities with various practical scenarios. DRSim is based on the principles of agent-oriented modeling of users' behavior and context. It is able to model the emergent behavior of a community based on real data traces that contain partial information about the environment. DRSim is a highly extensible framework to accommodate new data sources, new analytical functionalities and evolve its modeling power. Feasibility experiments show the modeling and analysis potential of DRSim in practical settings.
Zur psychometrischen Optimierung einer Reaktanzskala mittels klassischer und IRT-basierter Analysemethoden

Zusammenfassung. In drei sukzessiven Studien wird eine psychometrisch ambivalente Reaktanzskala durch den kombinierten Einsatz klassischer und IRT-basierter Methoden optimiert. Wahrend mittels herkommlicher Faktoranalyse keine Klarheit uber die Dimensionalitat der Skala gewonnen wurde, konnte mit Hilfe von Mischverteilungs-Rasch-Analysen die unterschiedliche Benutzung der Antwortkategorien (Urteilstendenzen) als Quelle der unzureichenden psychometrischen Eigenschaften der Skala identifiziert werden. Daraufhin wurde die Anzahl der Antwortkategorien verringert, was in Verbindung mit einer Itemselektion zu einem eindimensionalen Messinstrument fuhrte.
Vectorially Combined Distributed Power Amplifiers for Software-Defined Radio Applications

A new technique for distributed power amplifier (DPA) design maximizing dc-RF conversion is presented. The topology is featured by the vectorial combination of the output current sources when the transistors are loaded by their distributed output networks. To verify the design concept, two prototype DPAs (a 600-mW pseudomorphic HEMT (pHEMT) DPA and a ~ 23-W pHEMT/GaN DPA) are designed, realized, built, and tested. To the authors' knowledge, the second DPA achieved state-of-the-art power performance (i.e., the combination of output power, gain, and efficiency) for DPAs within the frequency range up to 2 GHz, well suited for software-defined radio applications.
One-Sided Edge Assignment in Vision: 2. Part Decomposition, Shape Description, and Attention to Objects

Rubin originally noted that vision distinguishes figures from back ground, even within two-dimen sional (2-D) displays. He and other Gestaltists1 suggested on the basis of introspection that figures are seen as having a definite shape, whereas ad joining ground is seen as shapeless despite the dividing contour in com mon with the figure. In a previous article,2 we presented recent perfor mance studies showing that the di viding edge between figure and ground is automatically assigned to the figurai shape, even when sub jects attempt to judge just the divid ing edge itself. As a result, recogni tion of the dividing edge is better if a test stimulus has this edge assigned in the same direction as in the pre ceding figurai shape. We argued that one-sided edge assignment provides an efficient heuristic for deriving the likely three-dimensional (3-D) source of any 2-D image. In the present review, we explore the con sequences of such edge assignment for shape representation and suggest an account for why only figures ap pear shaped.
Trace formation during locomotion of L929 mouse fibroblasts continuously recorded by interference reflection microscopy (IRM).

The recently reported formation of highly ordered traces by migrating cells has been studied on L929 fibroblasts in time lapse experiments by means of interference reflection microscopy (IRM) as well as by conventional microscopy. Formation of pronounced traces on glass substrates correlates to migration after cell division, and the trace arrangement on the substrate depends on migration velocity: slow migration results in a highly branched, broad, and relatively short trace, while fast migration yields a slim and long trace with few branches. IRM-irradiation caused cessation of locomotion and trace formation and accelerated degradation of existing traces. Traces consist of cord-like cytoplasmic strands, which contain F-actin filaments and they seem to be enveloped by a membrane. It is supposed that cell traces are homologous to filopodia. Traces arise mainly from non-retracted filopodia at the rear margin of the migrating cell. The branches within the traces are the result of the repeated stretching out of a backwardly directed lamellipodium. They arise from the formation of new filopodia that emerge at the actin ribs of the lamellipodium.
Developmental Effects in Free Recall Learning.

GLIDDEN, LARAINE MASTERS. Developmental Effects in Free Recall Learning. CHILD DEVELOPMENT, 1977, 48, 9-12. A multitrial free recall study assessed whether learning-to-learn and changes in strategy over sessions occurred with children in kindergarten and grade 3. An experimental group learned 5 successive lists on 5 successive days, whereas a control group learned only 2 lists, on day 1 and day 5 of the experimental group training. Grade 3 subjects recalled more than did kindergarten subjects, but no learning-to-learn effect was obtained for either age group. Several other measures such as subjective organization and serial position effects were obtained. All of the measures showed an age effect, but only subjective organization increased over sessions. The discussion suggests that developmental differences cannot be eliminated merely by providing experience with a task. More intensive strategy training may be necessary.
Visual discrimination performance, memory, and medial temporal lobe function

We evaluated recent proposals that structures in the medial temporal lobe (MTL)—in particular, perirhinal cortex—support not just memory but certain kinds of perceptual abilities as well. Specifically, it has been suggested that the perirhinal cortex supports the perceptual abilities needed to accomplish visual discrimination performance when the stimuli have complex features and overlapping elements. However, the tasks that have been studied are quite challenging. Stimulus features must be held in working memory while attention shifts among the several parts of the display. When working memory capacity is exceeded, performance must depend on retrieval from long-term memory. Five patients with limited hippocampal lesions and one patient with large MTL lesions were asked to identify the unique object among twin pairs of objects that had a high degree of feature overlap and perceptual similarity. The patient groups performed similarly to controls when there were few objects and features in the displays, but exhibited abrupt declines in performance when the displays contained more objects and more features. Notably, the impairment was observed in memory-impaired patients with hippocampal lesions, not only in association with large MTL lesions that included perirhinal cortex. The pattern of performance suggested that patients encountered difficulty because working memory capacity was exceeded in the more difficult conditions such that performance needed to depend at least in part on long-term memory. Furthermore, when the burden on working memory was removed entirely, the patient with large MTL lesions performed as well as controls. Accordingly, we suggest that deficits on difficult discrimination tasks reported for patients with MTL lesions are due to impaired memory rather than impaired perception.
Utility of High-Frequency Ultrasound: Moving Beyond the Surface to Detect Changes in Skin Integrity

Ultrasound imaging is a versatile modality frequently used in clinical medicine, most likely due to its low cost, low risk to patients, and the ability to provide images in real time. Ultrasound used typically in clinical settings has frequencies between 2 and 12 MHz. Lower frequencies produce greater resolution but are limited in depth penetration; higher frequencies produce greater resolution, but depth of penetration is limited. High-frequency ultrasound (HFUS) shows promise for detection of certain changes in the skin and this has implications for early detection of changes associated with pressure ulcer formation and wound healing. The purpose of this article was to provide an overview of where HFUS has been used with the skin and provide some discussion on its utility with detecting skin changes related to pressure.
Exhaled air temperature in asthmatic children: a mathematical evaluation

Recently, the exhaled breath temperature has been proposed as a potential marker for the evaluation of airway inflammation in asthma. The purpose of this study was to verify the ability to distinguish asthmatics from normal controls by a dedicated detailed mathematical evaluation of the exhaled air curve. Analysis was performed in the different phases of the curve of exhaled temperature, i.e. the rate of temperature increase (Δe°T) and the mean plateau value. Principal components analysis (PCA) and artificial neural networks (ANNs) were used for the evaluation of the data in 90 asthmatic children and in 33 healthy age‐matched controls. Both PCA and ANNs showed that a separation between patients and controls can be obtained only by the evaluation of the plateau phase of the curve, which better reflects the periphery of the airway.
Catch Up Numeracy: a targeted intervention for children who are low-attaining in mathematics

Many children who would not be identified as having special educational needs are low-attaining in mathematics, which often has a severe impact on their progress at school and their successes in later life. This paper describes Catch Up Numeracy, a non-intensive targeted intervention for children who are low-attaining in mathematics, which is delivered by classroom assistants in only thirty minutes per week. Data for 440 children, including controls, show that children receiving Catch Up Numeracy intervention attained average gains more than twice that expected of typically attaining children, and more than twice that attained by children receiving non-targeted mathematics support. The evidence suggests that Catch Up Numeracy is effective for children who are low-attaining in mathematics. More generally, it supports the view that many children's arithmetical difficulties are highly susceptible to intervention, and that the intervention does not need to be intensive or delivered by highly-trained teachers to be effective.
Loss of mass and stability of galaxies in MOND

The self-binding energy and stability of a galaxy in MOND-based gravity are curiously decreasing functions of its center of mass acceleration towards neighbouring mass concentrations. A tentative indication of this breaking of the Strong Equivalence Principle in field galaxies is the RAVE-observed escape speed in the Milky Way. Another consequence is that satellites of field galaxies will move on nearly Keplerian orbits at large radii (100 - 500 kpc), with a declining speed below the asymptotically constant naive MOND prediction. But consequences of an environment-sensitive gravity are even more severe in clusters, where member galaxies accelerate fast: no more Dark-Halo-like potential is present to support galaxies, meaning that extended axisymmetric disks of gas and stars are likely unstable. These predicted reappearance of asymptotic Keplerian velocity curves and disappearance of "stereotypic galaxies" in clusters are falsifiable with targeted surveys.
Construction and validation of a Chinese SRL-based reading instruction questionnaire

The purpose of the study is to construct and validate a Chinese self-regulated learning (SRL)-based reading instruction questionnaire (CSRIQ) and to examine the relationship between Chinese reading instruction and Hong Kong students' reading development from the SRL perspective. A total of 339 Grade 10 students completed the initial CSRIQ in Study 1. Exploratory factor analysis and reliability analyses were used to assess the psychometric quality of the questionnaire, and the original CSRIQ subscales were then revised. Study 2 comprised 1,121 Grade 10 students. The factor structure of the revised CSRIQ was supported by the findings of confirmatory factor analysis. The findings of structural equation modelling indicated significant relations between SRL-based instruction and various reading-related variables. Among the four aspects of instruction, teacher support was the most positive factor facilitating Chinese students' reading development, whereas student autonomy seemed less favourable. Cultural and curricula factors affecting Chinese reading instruction in Hong Kong were discussed.
A Method of Virtual Camera Selection Using Soft Constraints

We describe a software tool to select among camera feeds from multiple virtual cameras in a virtual environment using semiring constraint satisfaction problem techniques (SCSP), a soft constraint approach. We show how to encode a designer's preferences, and select the best camera feed even in over-constrained or under-constrained environments. The system functions in real time for dynamic scenes, using only current information (ie. no prediction). To reduce computation costs for a final implementation, the SCSP evaluation can be cached and converted to native code. Our approach is implemented in two virtual environments: a virtual hockey game using a spectator viewpoint, and a virtual 3D maze game using a third person perspective. Comparisons against hard constraints (constraint satisfaction problems) are made.