Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Incremental Clustering Crawler for Community-Limited Search

We propose incremental clustering crawler , a novel algo-rithm for ﬁnding communities for community-limited search in the web. A web community is a set of semantically related sites found through link-based clustering. The key idea of the proposed algorithm is to perform clustering incrementally while crawling is in progress. This algorithm does not need to crawl all the web pages a priori, but needs to crawl only as many web pages as are relevant to the clusters that are being formed. This ability to crawl on the ﬂy is an important advantage since it is infeasible to crawl the entire set of web pages in the world and since we often do not even know which web pages or sites to crawl. Another advantage is that the time spent on clustering is reduced because at any time the clustering is performed on only the relevant web pages collected thus far. An apparent disadvantage is that the resulting clusters are not optimal since the algorithm does not have all the crawled sites available at the time of clustering. Experiments show, however, that the achieved cluster quality is comparable to the optimal cluster quality which, in our experiments, is achieved using the minimum spanning tree clustering algorithm.
A Wideband BSOR-GSIC Multiuser Detector for Long-Code CDMA Systems

In this work, a new wideband linear group-wise SIC (GSIC) multi-user scheme that is asymptotically equivalent to the block successive over-relaxation (BSOR) iteration, which is known to outperform the conventional block Gauss-Seidel iteration by an order of magnitude in terms of convergence speed, is proposed. The proposed scheme uses directly the spreading codes and doesn't require the calculation of the cross-correlation matrix which results in a considerable reduction in computational complexity. Hence it is suitable for long-code CDMA systems such as IS-95 and UMTS where the cross-correlation matrix is changing every symbol. We determine the condition of convergence of the proposed scheme and prove that it converges to the decorrelator detector if the over-relaxation factor is within the interval (0, 2). Simulation results are in excellent agreement with theory.
Learning a Warped Subspace Model of Faces with Images of Unknown Pose and Illumination

In this paper we tackle the problem of learning the appearances of a person’s face from images with both unknown pose and illumination. The unknown, simultaneous change in pose and illumination makes it difficult to learn 3D face models from data without manual labeling and tracking of features. In comparison, image-based models do not require geometric knowledge of faces but only the statistics of data itself, and therefore are easier to train with images with such variations. We take an image-based approach to the problem and propose a generative model of a warped illumination subspace. Image variations due to illumination change are accounted for by a low-dimensional linear subspace, whereas variations due to pose change are approximated by a geometric warping of images in the subspace. We demonstrate that this model can be efficiently learned via MAP estimation and multiscale registration techniques. With this learned warped subspace we can jointly estimate the pose and the lighting conditions of test images and improve recognition of faces under novel poses and illuminations. We test our algorithm with synthetic faces and real images from the CMU PIE and Yale face databases. The results show improvements in prediction and recognition performance compared to other standard methods.
Monitoring Repair of UV-Induced 6-4-Photoproducts with a Purified DDB2 Protein Complex

Because cells are constantly subjected to DNA damaging insults, DNA repair pathways are critical for genome integrity [1]. DNA damage recognition protein complexes (DRCs) recognize DNA damage and initiate DNA repair. The DNA-Damage Binding protein 2 (DDB2) complex is a DRC that initiates nucleotide excision repair (NER) of DNA damage caused by ultraviolet light (UV) [2]–[4]. Using a purified DDB2 DRC, we created a probe (“DDB2 proteo-probe”) that hybridizes to nuclei of cells irradiated with UV and not to cells exposed to other genotoxins. The DDB2 proteo-probe recognized UV-irradiated DNA in classical laboratory assays, including cyto- and histo-chemistry, flow cytometry, and slot-blotting. When immobilized, the proteo-probe also bound soluble UV-irradiated DNA in ELISA-like and DNA pull-down assays. In vitro, the DDB2 proteo-probe preferentially bound 6-4-photoproducts [(6-4)PPs] rather than cyclobutane pyrimidine dimers (CPDs). We followed UV-damage repair by cyto-chemistry in cells fixed at different time after UV irradiation, using either the DDB2 proteo-probe or antibodies against CPDs, or (6-4)PPs. The signals obtained with the DDB2 proteo-probe and with the antibody against (6-4)PPs decreased in a nearly identical manner. Since (6-4)PPs are repaired only by nucleotide excision repair (NER), our results strongly suggest the DDB2 proteo-probe hybridizes to DNA containing (6-4)PPs and allows monitoring of their removal during NER. We discuss the general use of purified DRCs as probes, in lieu of antibodies, to recognize and monitor DNA damage and repair.
Deep Lambertian Networks

Visual perception is a challenging problem in part due to illumination variations. A possible solution is to first estimate an illumination invariant representation before using it for recognition. The object albedo and surface normals are examples of such representations. In this paper, we introduce a multilayer generative model where the latent variables include the albedo, surface normals, and the light source. Combining Deep Belief Nets with the Lambertian reectance assumption, our model can learn good priors over the albedo from 2D images. Illumination variations can be explained by changing only the lighting latent variable in our model. By transferring learned knowledge from similar objects, albedo and surface normals estimation from a single image is possible in our model. Experiments demonstrate that our model is able to generalize as well as improve over standard baselines in one-shot face recognition.
Primary Cilia in the Breast and Breast Cancer

Primary cilia are non-motile, microtubule-based appendages extending from the surfaces of most vertebrate cells. The function of primary cilia is cell-type dependent. However, they are known to serve as sensors of the extracellular environment by sensing mechanical forces and chemical constituents in several different cell types. They also function as critical platforms for several signaling pathways, including hedgehog and platelet derived growth factor (PDGF) signaling, and function in maintaining cell polarity. While present on many types of normal cells, including epithelial cells of the breast, they have been shown to be decreased or absent in many cancers. This review discusses the relative decrease in primary cilia in a variety of cancers and the known consequences of the presence or absence of primary cilia during tumorigenesis. This review also addresses possible etiologies for the loss of primary cilia in cancer, potential functions for primary cilia in human breast epithelium and subsequent consequences of the loss of primary cilia during breast carcinogenesis.
Atypical subtrochanteric and diaphyseal femoral fractures: Report of a task force of the american society for bone and mineral Research

Reports linking long‐term use of bisphosphonates (BPs) with atypical fractures of the femur led the leadership of the American Society for Bone and Mineral Research (ASBMR) to appoint a task force to address key questions related to this problem. A multidisciplinary expert group reviewed pertinent published reports concerning atypical femur fractures, as well as preclinical studies that could provide insight into their pathogenesis. A case definition was developed so that subsequent studies report on the same condition. The task force defined major and minor features of complete and incomplete atypical femoral fractures and recommends that all major features, including their location in the subtrochanteric region and femoral shaft, transverse or short oblique orientation, minimal or no associated trauma, a medial spike when the fracture is complete, and absence of comminution, be present to designate a femoral fracture as atypical. Minor features include their association with cortical thickening, a periosteal reaction of the lateral cortex, prodromal pain, bilaterality, delayed healing, comorbid conditions, and concomitant drug exposures, including BPs, other antiresorptive agents, glucocorticoids, and proton pump inhibitors. Preclinical data evaluating the effects of BPs on collagen cross‐linking and maturation, accumulation of microdamage and advanced glycation end products, mineralization, remodeling, vascularity, and angiogenesis lend biologic plausibility to a potential association with long‐term BP use. Based on published and unpublished data and the widespread use of BPs, the incidence of atypical femoral fractures associated with BP therapy for osteoporosis appears to be very low, particularly compared with the number of vertebral, hip, and other fractures that are prevented by BPs. Moreover, a causal association between BPs and atypical fractures has not been established. However, recent observations suggest that the risk rises with increasing duration of exposure, and there is concern that lack of awareness and underreporting may mask the true incidence of the problem. Given the relative rarity of atypical femoral fractures, the task force recommends that specific diagnostic and procedural codes be created and that an international registry be established to facilitate studies of the clinical and genetic risk factors and optimal surgical and medical management of these fractures. Physicians and patients should be made aware of the possibility of atypical femoral fractures and of the potential for bilaterality through a change in labeling of BPs. Research directions should include development of animal models, increased surveillance, and additional epidemiologic and clinical data to establish the true incidence of and risk factors for this condition and to inform orthopedic and medical management. © 2010 American Society for Bone and Mineral Research.
Vestibular Signals of Posterior Parietal Cortex Neurons during Active and Passive Head Movements in Macaque Monkeys

The posterior parietal cortex may function as an interface between sensory and motor cortices and thus could be involved in the formation of motor plans as well as abstract representations of space. We have recorded from neurons in the intraparietal sulcus, namely, the ventral and medial intraparietal areas (VIP and MIP, respectively), and analyzed their head‐movement‐related signals in relation to passive and active movements. To generate active head movements, we made the animals track a moving fixation spot in the horizontal plane under head‐free conditions. When under certain circumstances the animals were tracking the fixation spot almost exclusively via head movements, a clear correlation between neuronal firing rate and head movement could be established. Furthermore, a newly employed paradigm, the “replay method,” made available direct comparison of neuronal firing behavior under active and passive movement conditions. In such case, the animals were allowed to make spontaneous head movements in darkness. Subsequently, the heads were fixed and the previously recorded active head‐movement profile was reproduced by a turntable as passive stimulation. Neuronal responses ranged from total extinction of the vestibular signal during active movement to presence of activity only during active movement. Furthermore, in approximately one‐third of the neurons, a change of vestibular on‐direction depending on active versus passive movement mode was observed, that is, type I neurons became type II neurons, etc. We suggest that the role of parietal vestibular neurons has to be sought in sensory space representation rather than reflex behavior and motor control contexts.
Segmenting and Hiding Data Randomly Based on Index Channel

Information hiding is a technique of hiding secret using redundant cover data such as images, audios, movies, documents, etc. In this paper, a new technique of hiding secret data using LSB insertion is proposed, by using the RGB channels of the cover image for hiding segmented data. One of the three channels became the index to the two other channels. Firstly, the secret data are segmented into Even segment and Odd segment. Then, four bits of each segment is hidden separately inside the two channels depending on the numbers of "1"s inside the index channel. If the numbers were Even, then four bits of Even segment will be hidden. However, if they were Odd then four bits of Odd segment will be hidden. The opposite process retrieve the secret data from image by reading the bits of the index channel and check the numbers of "1"s to extract the Even segment and Odd segment. Finally, recombining the two segments to extract the secret data. Experimental results show that the proposed method can provide high data security with acceptable stego-images.
Race and risk of schizophrenia in a US birth cohort: another example of health disparity?

BACKGROUND Immigrant groups in Western Europe have markedly increased rates of schizophrenia. The highest rates are found in ethnic groups that are predominantly black. Separating minority race/ethnicity from immigration in Western Europe is difficult; in the US, these issues can be examined separately. Here we compared rates of schizophrenia between whites and African Americans and evaluated whether the association was mediated by socioeconomic status (SES) of family of origin in a US birth cohort. METHODS Study subjects were offspring of women enrolled during pregnancy at Alameda County Kaiser Permanente Medical Care Plan clinics (1959-66) in the Child Health and Development Study. For schizophrenia spectrum disorders, 12 094 of the 19 044 live births were followed over 1981-97. The analysis is restricted to cohort members whose mothers identified as African American or white at intake. Stratified proportional hazards regression was the method of analysis; the robustness of findings to missing data bias was assessed using multiple imputation. RESULTS African Americans were about 3-fold more likely than whites to be diagnosed with schizophrenia [Rate Ratio (RR) = 3.27; 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.71-6.27]. After adjusting for indicators of family SES at birth, the RR was about 2-fold (RR = 1.92; 95% CI: 0.86-4.28). Using multiple imputation in the model including family SES indicators, the RR for race and schizophrenia was strengthened in comparison with the estimate obtained without imputation. CONCLUSION The data indicate substantially elevated rates of schizophrenia among African Americans in comparison with whites in this birth cohort. The association may have been partly but not wholly mediated by an effect of race on family SES.
Retrieving Textures for 3D Scanning System Based on Grid Pattern Method

This paper proposes a method of retrieving texture from images containing pattern used for one shot 3D scanning system based on a grid pattern. Range scanners using projector-camera systems can be used for real-time 3D scanning with accurate results and at a low cost. However, these techniques cannot retrieve color information from the captured object since to obtain the best results, they require dark environments and the projection on the object to reconstruct dense and bright lines pattern masks most of the object textures. Therefore, we propose a technique of slightly modifying the input of a given 3D scanning system in order to have bright images with texture information and then retrieve the textures of the object using an in painting method. The presented method adapts simple algorithms such as Canny filter and patches based in painting in order to obtain a fully automatic method that does not require any user intervention.
How the devil facial tumor disease escapes host immune responses

The devil facial tumor disease (DFTD) is a contagious cancer that has recently emerged among Tasmanian devils, rapidly decimating the population. We have recently discovered that DFTD cells lose the expression MHC molecules on the cell surface, explaining how this tumor avoids recognition by host CD8+ T cells.
Health-systems efficiency in the Russian Federation: tuberculosis control.

OBJECTIVE To conduct a comprehensive assessment of the case-mix of patients admitted to tuberculosis hospitals and the reasons for their admission in four Russian regions: Ivanovo, Orel, Samara and Vladimir. We also sought to quantify the extent to which efficiency could be improved by reducing hospitalization rates and re-profiling hospital beds available in the tuberculosis-control system. METHODS We used a standard questionnaire to determine how beds were being used and who was using the beds in tuberculosis facilities in four Russian regions. Data were collected to determine how 4306 tuberculosis beds were utilized as well as on the socioeconomic and demographic indicators, clinical parameters and reasons for hospitalization for 3352 patients. FINDINGS Of the 3352 patients surveyed about 70% were male; the average age was 40; and rates of unemployment, disability and alcohol misuse were high. About one-third of beds were occupied by smear-positive or culture-positive tuberculosis patients; 20% were occupied by tuberculosis patients who were smear-negative and/or culture-negative; 20% were occupied by patients who no longer had tuberculosis; and 20% were unoccupied. If clinical and public health admission criteria were applied then < 50% of admissions would be justified and < 50% of the current number of beds would be required. Up to 85% of admissions and beds were deemed to be necessary when social problems and poor access to outpatient care were considered along with clinical and public health admission criteria. CONCLUSION Much of the Russian Federation's large tuberculosis hospital infrastructure is unnecessary when clinical and public health criteria are used, but the large hospital infrastructure within the tuberculosis-control system has an important social support function. Improving the efficiency of the system will require the reform of health-system norms and regulations as they relate to resource allocation and clinical care and implementation of lower-cost approaches to case management for patients with social problems. Additionally, closer attention will need to be paid to the management of staff numbers in the tuberculosis system.
Reproducibility of our standardization phantom for evaluation of fractional anisotropy (FA) derived from diffusion tensor imaging (DTI)

Poster: "ECR 2017 / C-0767 / Reproducibility of our standardization phantom for evaluation of fractional anisotropy (FA) derived from diffusion tensor imaging (DTI)" by: "M. Kimura1, H. Yabuuchi1, R. Matsumoto1, K. Kobayashi1, Y. Yamashita1, R. Mikayama2, S. Kawanami1, H. Honda1; 1Fukuoka/JP, 2Fukuoka /JP"
Sequential voting rules and multiple elections paradoxes

Multiple election paradoxes arise when voting separately on each issue from a set of related issues results in an obviously undesirable outcome. Several authors have argued that a sufficient condition for avoiding multiple election paradoxes is the assumption that voters have separable preferences. We show that this extremely demanding restriction can be relaxed into the much more reasonable one: there exists a linear order <b>x</b><sub>1</sub> > … > <b>x</b><sub><i>p</i></sub> on the set of issues such that for each voter, every issue <b>x</b><sub><i>i</i></sub> is preferentially independent of <b>x</b><sub><i>i+1</i></sub>, …, <b>x</b><sub><i>p</i></sub> given <b>x</b><sub>1</sub>, …, <b>x</b><sub><i>i</i>-1</sub>. This leads us to define a family of sequential voting rules, defined as the sequential composition of local voting rules. These rules relate to the setting of conditional preference networks (CP-nets) recently developed in the Artificial Intelligence literature. We study in detail how these sequential rules inherit, or do not inherit, the properties of their local components. We focus on the case of multiple referenda, corresponding to multiple elections with binary issues.
D0 − D4 System and Qcd 3+1 Typeset Using Revt E X 1

We consider a (3 + 1) dimensional QCD model using the duality of the supergravity and the large N gauge theory, using the non-extremal D0−D4 branes as the supergravity background. We calculate the spectrum of the glueball masses and the Wilson loop in this background. The mass spectrum is shown to coincide with one in the pure non-extremal D4-brane system, and the area low of the spatial Wilson loop is established. We show that there is the region that the Kaluza-Klein modes are decoupled without decoupling the glueball masses. 04.50. +h, 11.15. -q, 12.38. Aw Typeset using REVTEX 1
Generating Repudiable, Memorizable, and Privacy Preserving Security Questions Using the Propp Theory of Narrative

Security questions are often based on personal information that is limited in variety, available in the public record and very difficult to change if compromised. A personalized folktale shared only by the communicating parties provides memorizable basis for individualized security questions that can be readily replaced in the event of a security breach. We utilize the Propp theory of narrative to provide a basis of abstraction for story generation systems. We develop a proof-of-concept system based on placeholder replacement to demonstrate the generation of repudiate and memorizable questions and answers suitable for online security questions. A 3-component protocol is presented that demonstrates the use of this process to derive a shared secret key through privacy amplification. This combination of story generation and communication security provides the basis for improvements in current security question practice.
Conceptual Inadequacy of the Shore and Johnson Axioms for Wide Classes of Complex Systems

It is by now well known that the Boltzmann-Gibbs-von Neumann-Shannon logarithmic entropic functional (\(S_{BG}\)) is inadequate for wide classes of strongly correlated systems: see for instance the 2001 Brukner and Zeilinger's {\it Conceptual inadequacy of the Shannon information in quantum measurements}, among many other systems exhibiting various forms of complexity. On the other hand, the Shannon and Khinchin axioms uniquely mandate the BG form \(S_{BG}=-k\sum_i p_i \ln p_i\); the Shore and Johnson axioms follow the same path. Many natural, artificial and social systems have been satisfactorily approached with nonadditive entropies such as the \(S_q=k \frac{1-\sum_i p_i^q}{q-1}\) one (\(q \in {\cal R}; \,S_1=S_{BG}\)), basis of nonextensive statistical mechanics. Consistently, the Shannon 1948 and Khinchine 1953 uniqueness theorems have already been generalized in the literature, by Santos 1997 and Abe 2000 respectively, in order to uniquely mandate \(S_q\). We argue here that the same remains to be done with the Shore and Johnson 1980 axioms. We arrive to this conclusion by analyzing specific classes of strongly correlated complex systems that await such generalization.