Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Integration of evidence into Theory of Change frameworks in the healthcare sector: A rapid systematic review

Background Theory of Change (ToC) has become an established approach to design and evaluate interventions. While ToC should—in line with the growing international focus on evidence-informed health decision-making–consider explicit approaches to incorporate evidence, there is limited guidance on how this should be done. This rapid review aims to identify and synthesize the available literature on how to systematically use research evidence when developing or adapting ToCs in the health sector. Methods A rapid review methodology using a systematic approach, was designed. Eight electronic databases were consulted to search for peer-reviewed and gray publications detailing tools, methods, and recommendations promoting the systematic integration of research evidence in ToCs. The included studies were compared, and the findings summarized qualitatively into themes to identify key principles, stages, and procedures, guiding the systematic integration of research evidence when developing or revising a ToC. Results This review included 18 studies. The main sources from which evidence was retrieved in the ToC development process were institutional data, literature searches, and stakeholder consultation. There was a variety of ways of finding and using evidence in ToC. Firstly, the review provided an overview of existing definitions of ToC, methods applied in ToC development and the related ToC stages. Secondly, a typology of 7 stages relevant for evidence integration into ToCs was developed, outlining the types of evidence and research methods the included studies applied for each of the proposed stages. Conclusion This rapid review adds to the existing literature in two ways. First, it provides an up-to-date and comprehensive review of the existing methods for incorporating evidence into ToC development in the health sector. Second, it offers a new typology guiding any future endeavors of incorporating evidence into ToCs.
Artificial intelligence for assistance of radiology residents in chest CT evaluation for COVID-19 pneumonia: a comparative diagnostic accuracy study

Background In hospitals, it is crucial to rule out coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) timely and reliably. Artificial intelligence (AI) provides sufficient accuracy to identify chest computed tomography (CT) scans with signs of COVID-19. Purpose To compare the diagnostic accuracy of radiologists with different levels of experience with and without assistance of AI in CT evaluation for COVID-19 pneumonia and to develop an optimized diagnostic pathway. Material and Methods The retrospective, single-center, comparative case-control study included 160 consecutive participants who had undergone chest CT scan between March 2020 and May 2021 without or with confirmed diagnosis of COVID-19 pneumonia in a ratio of 1:3. Index tests were chest CT evaluation by five radiological senior residents, five junior residents, and an AI software. Based on the diagnostic accuracy in every group and on comparison of groups, a sequential CT assessment pathway was developed. Results Areas under receiver operating curves were 0.95 (95% confidence interval [CI]=0.88–0.99), 0.96 (95% CI=0.92–1.0), 0.77 (95% CI=0.68–0.86), and 0.95 (95% CI=0.9–1.0) for junior residents, senior residents, AI, and sequential CT assessment, respectively. Proportions of false negatives were 9%, 3%, 17%, and 2%, respectively. With the developed diagnostic pathway, junior residents evaluated all CT scans with the support of AI. Senior residents were only required as second readers in 26% (41/160) of the CT scans. Conclusion AI can support junior residents with chest CT evaluation for COVID-19 and reduce the workload of senior residents. A review of selected CT scans by senior residents is mandatory.
Bacterial cellulose: A highly versatile nanomaterial

Bacterial cellulose (BC) is a natural and renew-able nanomaterial characterized by a unique three-dimensional structure that endows it with excellent mechanical properties and high water- holding capa-bility. BC is a very pure, crystalline and biocompatible polymer. Moreover, BC can be modified to improve its innate features and to provide it with tailored properties or new functionalities which could be applicable in many areas. Due to these outstanding proprieties, BC is receiving a great deal of attention in both academic and industrial fields. Here, we highlight various recent studies and reviews that discuss the molecular aspects of BC biosynthesis and its regulation and summarize the most common commercial applications of BC in the biomedical and textile areas. There is great expectation that BC will be developed to its full potential, and be-come a modifiable material of choice depending on the demands of the different areas of use
Validation of mid-arm circumference for surveillance of obesity in African adolescent girls and adult women

Abstract This study aimed to assess the validity of mid-arm circumference (MAC), also known as mid-upper arm circumference (MUAC), for classification of high body fatness in Namibian adolescent girls and women and to test whether classification accuracy of MUAC was higher than the traditional simple proxy for high fatness, the BMI. In 206 adolescent girls aged 13–19 years and 207 adult women aged 20–40 years, we defined obesity conventionally (BMI-for-age Z score ≥ 2·00, adolescents; adults BMI ≥ 30·0 kg/m2) and also defined obesity using published MAC cut-off values. 2H oxide dilution was used to measure total body water (TBW) to define high body fat percentage (≥ 30 % in the adolescents, ≥ 38 % in the adults), and we compared the ability of BMI and MAC to classify high body fatness correctly using sensitivity, specificity and predictive values. In the adolescents, obesity prevalence was 9·2 % (19/206) using BMI-for-age and 63·2 % (131/206) using TBW; sensitivity of BMI-for-age was 14·5 % (95 % CI 9·1, 22·0 %) but was improved significantly using MAC of 22·6 cm (sensitivity 96·9 %; 95 % CI 92·1 %, 99·3 %). In the adults, obesity prevalence was 30·4 % (63/207) using BMI and 57·0 % (118/207) using TBW, and sensitivity of BMI was 52·5 % (95 % CI 43·6, 62·2 %), but using a MAC of 30·6 cm sensitivity was 72·8 % (95 % CI 66·4, 82·6 %). Surveillance of obesity in African adolescent girls and adult women is likely to be improved substantially by use of MAC as an alternative to the BMI-for-age and BMI.
Linear analysis of an oscillatory instability of radiative shock waves

We present a linear stability analysis of a planar radiative shock with cooling function . lambda.proportionalT/sup . cap alpha. /. We investigate an oscillatory instability similar to that found in numerical calculations of accretion onto degenerate dwarfs by Langer, Chanmugam, and Shaviv. Our analysis shows that multiple modes of oscillations are unstable for . cap alpha. < or approx. =0.4 for the fundamental mode and . cap alpha. < or approx. =0.8 for the first and second overtone modes. The oscillation frequency is 0.3 x/sub s/0/u/sub in/ for the fundamental mode and ranges from 0.6 x/sub s/0/u/sub in/ to 1.0 x/sub s/0/u/sub in/ for the first overtone mode for . cap alpha. between -1 and 2, where x/sub s/0 is the results should be applicable both to accretion onto compact objects and to radiative shock waves in the interstellar medium. The instability may explain the inability of the steady state shock wave emission models to reproduce certain observations of old supernova remnants and Herbig-Haro objects.
ER+, HER2− advanced breast cancer treated with taselisib and fulvestrant: genomic landscape and associated clinical outcomes

Taselisib is a potent β‐sparing phosphatidylinositol 3‐kinase (PI3K) inhibitor that, with endocrine therapy, improves outcomes in phosphatidylinositol‐4,5‐bisphosphate 3‐kinase catalytic subunit alpha (PIK3CA)‐mutated (PIK3CAmut) advanced breast cancer. To understand alterations associated with response to PI3K inhibition, we analysed circulating tumour DNA (ctDNA) from participants enrolled in the SANDPIPER trial. Participants were designated as either PIK3CAmut or PIK3CA no mutation was detected (NMD) per baseline ctDNA. The top mutated genes and tumour fraction estimates identified were analysed for their association with outcomes. In participants with PIK3CAmut ctDNA treated with taselisib + fulvestrant, tumour protein p53 (TP53; encoding p53) and fibroblast growth factor receptor 1 (FGFR1) alterations were associated with shorter progression‐free survival (PFS) compared to participants with NMD in these genes. Conversely, participants with PIK3CAmut ctDNA harbouring a neurofibromin 1 (NF1) alteration or high baseline tumour fraction estimate experienced improved PFS upon treatment with taselisib + fulvestrant compared to placebo + fulvestrant. Broadly, alterations in oestrogen receptor (ER), PI3K and p53 pathway genes were associated with resistance to taselisib + fulvestrant in participants with PIK3CAmut ctDNA. Altogether, we demonstrated the impact of genomic (co‐)alterations on outcomes with one of the largest clinico‐genomic datasets of ER+, HER2−, PIK3CAmut breast cancer patients treated with a PI3K inhibitor.
The analysis and the modification of the CS logic

Compared with the existed analysis tools BAN and BAN-like,the CS Logic is a logic that combining time and logic structure.It is the first logic to be used to analyse Timed-release Cryptographic protocols that related to time.Some defects of the inference rules in former CS logic were analysed,modified and expanded to reflect the characters of Timed-release cryptographic protocols better.And finally,a specific Timed-release cryptographic protocol was analysed effectively by using these improved inference rules.
Wall effect on the start maneuver of a jet swimmer

Inspired by aquatic creatures such as squid, the novel propulsion method based on pulsed jetting is a promising way to achieve high speed and high maneuverability. To study the potential application of this locomotion method in confined space with complicated boundary conditions, it is critical to understand their dynamics in the vicinity of solid boundaries. In this study we numerically examine the start maneuver of an idealized jet swimmer near a wall. Our simulations illustrate three important mechanisms: (1) due to the blocking effect of the wall the pressure inside the body is affected so that the forward acceleration is increased during deflation and decreased during inflation; (2) the wall affects the internal flow so that the momentum flux at the nozzle and subsequently the thrust generation during the jetting phase are slightly increased; (3) the wall affects the wake so that the refilling phase is influenced, leading to a scenario in which part of the energy expended during jetting is recovered during refilling to increase forward acceleration and reduce power expenditure. In general, the second mechanism is weaker than the other two. The exact effects of these mechanisms depend on physical parameters such as the initial phase of the body deformation, the distance between the swimming body and the wall, and the Reynolds number.
Visualization of porosity and pore size gradients in electrospun scaffolds using laser metrology

We applied a recently developed method, laser metrology, to characterize the influence of collector rotation on porosity gradients of electrospun polycaprolactone (PCL) widely investigated for use in tissue engineering. The prior- and post-sintering dimensions of PCL scaffolds were compared to derive quantitative, spatially-resolved porosity ‘maps’ from net shrinkage. Deposited on a rotating mandrel (200 RPM), the central region of deposition reaches the highest porosity, ~92%, surrounded by approximately symmetrical decreases to ~89% at the edges. At 1100 RPM, a uniform porosity of ~88–89% is observed. At 2000 RPM, the lowest porosity, ~87%, is found in the middle of the deposition, rebounding to ~89% at the edges. Using a statistical model of random fiber network, we demonstrated that these relatively small changes in porosity values produce disproportionately large variations in pore size. The model predicts an exponential dependence of pore size on porosity when the scaffold is highly porous (e.g., >80%) and, accordingly, the observed porosity variation is associated with dramatic changes in pore size and ability to accommodate cell infiltration. Within the thickest regions most likely to ‘bottleneck’ cell infiltration, pore size decreases from ~37 to 23 μm (38%) when rotational speeds increased from 200 to 2000 RPM. This trend is corroborated by electron microscopy. While faster rotational speeds ultimately overcome axial alignment induced by cylindrical electric fields associated with the collector geometry, it does so at the cost of eliminating larger pores favoring cell infiltration. This puts the bio-mechanical advantages associated with collector rotation-induced alignment at odds with biological goals. A more significant decrease in pore size from ~54 to ~19 μm (65%), well below the minimum associated with cellular infiltration, is observed from enhanced collector biases. Finally, similar predictions show that sacrificial fiber approaches are inefficient in achieving cell-permissive pore sizes.
530-mW quasi-white-light generation using all-solid-state laser technique

We report a quasi-white-light laser, which was generated by an all-solid-state laser technique. The approach is to use a cascaded optical superlattice in a LiTaO3 crystal to directly frequency double and triple a diode-pumped, Q-switched dual-wavelength Nd:YVO4 laser. Three primary color lights, red at 671nm, green at 532nm, and blue at 447nm, were simultaneously generated in a proper proportion, forming a quasicontinuous, quasi-white-light laser with a maximum output power of 530mW under a pump power of 18W. From the result, a more effective quasi-white-light output can be anticipated if the superlattice is fabricated in a stoichiometric LiTaO3 crystal and the double resonant technique is further optimized.
lncRNA-TCONS_00008552 expression in patients with pulmonary arterial hypertension due to congenital heart disease

Long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) are potential regulators of a variety of cardiovascular diseases. Therefore, there is a series of differentially expressed lncRNAs in pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) that may be used as markers to diagnose PAH and even predict the prognosis. However, their specific mechanisms remain largely unknown. Therefore, we investigated the biological role of lncRNAs in patients with PAH. First, we screened patients with PAH secondary to ventricular septal defect (VSD) and those with VSD without PAH to assess differences in lncRNA and mRNA expression between the two groups. Our results revealed the significant upregulation of 813 lncRNAs and 527 mRNAs and significant downregulation of 541 lncRNAs and 268 mRNAs in patients with PAH. Then, we identified 10 hub genes in a constructed protein-protein interaction network. Next, we performed bioinformatics analyses, including Gene Ontology and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes pathway analysis and subsequently constructed coding-noncoding co-expression networks. We screened lncRNA-TCONS_00008552 and lncRNA-ENST00000433673 as candidate genes and verified the expression levels of the lncRNAs using quantitative reverse-transcription PCR. Although expression levels of lncRNA-TCONS_00008552 in the plasma from the PAH groups were significantly increased compared with the control groups, there was no significant difference in the expression of lncRNA-ENST00000433673 between the two groups. This study bolsters our understanding of the role of lncRNA in PAH occurrence and development and indicates that lncRNA-TCONS_00008552 is a novel potential molecular marker for PAH.
Scale‐down of oxygen and glucose fluctuations in a tubular photobioreactor operated under oxygen‐balanced mixotrophy

Oxygen‐balanced mixotrophy (OBM) is a novel type of microalgal cultivation that improves autotrophic productivity while reducing aeration costs and achieving high biomass yields on substrate. The scale‐up of this process is not straightforward, as nonideal mixing in large photobioreactors might have unwanted effects in cell physiology. We simulated at lab scale dissolved oxygen and glucose fluctuations in a tubular photobioreactor operated under OBM where glucose is injected at the beginning of the tubular section. We ran repeated batch experiments with the strain Galdieria sulphuraria ACUF 064 under glucose pulse feeding of different lengths, representing different retention times: 112, 71, and 21 min. During the long and medium tube retention time simulations, dissolved oxygen was depleted 15–25 min after every glucose pulse. These periods of oxygen limitation resulted in the accumulation of coproporphyrin III in the supernatant, an indication of disruption in the chlorophyll synthesis pathway. Accordingly, the absorption cross‐section of the cultures decreased steeply, going from values of 150–180 m2 kg−1 at the end of the first batch down to 50–70 m2 kg−1 in the last batches of both conditions. In the short tube retention time simulation, dissolved oxygen always stayed above 10% air saturation and no pigment reduction nor coproporphyrin III accumulation were observed. Concerning glucose utilization efficiency, glucose pulse feeding caused a reduction of biomass yield on substrate in the range of 4%–22% compared to the maximum levels previously obtained with continuous glucose feeding (0.9 C‐g C‐g−1). The missing carbon was excreted to the supernatant as extracellular polymeric substances constituted by carbohydrates and proteins. Overall, the results point out the importance of studying large‐scale conditions in a controlled environment and the need for a highly controlled glucose feeding strategy in the scale‐up of mixotrophic cultivation.
An fMRI-study of leading and following using rhythmic tapping

ABSTRACT Leading and following is about synchronizing and joining actions in accordance with the differences that the leader and follower roles provide. The neural reactivity representing these roles was measured in an explorative fMRI-study, where two persons lead and followed each other in finger tapping using simple, individual, pre-learnt rhythms. All participants acted both as leader and follower. Neural reactivity for both lead and follow related to social awareness and adaptation distributed over the lateral STG, STS and TPJ. Reactivity for follow contrasted with lead mostly reflected sensorimotor and rhythmic processing in cerebellum IV, V, somatosensory cortex and SMA. During leading, as opposed to following, neural reactivity was observed in the insula and bilaterally in the superior temporal gyrus, pointing toward empathy, sharing of feelings, temporal coding and social engagement. Areas for continuous adaptation, in the posterior cerebellum and Rolandic operculum, were activated during both leading and following. This study indicated mutual adaptation of leader and follower during tapping and that the roles gave rise to largely similar neuronal reactivity. The differences between the roles indicated that leading was more socially focused and following had more motoric- and temporally related neural reactivity.
Three New Validators and a Large-Scale Benchmark Ranking for Unsupervised Domain Adaptation

Changes to hyperparameters can have a dramatic effect on model accuracy. Thus, the tuning of hyperparameters plays an important role in optimizing machine-learning models. An integral part of the hyperparameter-tuning process is the evaluation of model checkpoints, which is done through the use of"validators". In a supervised setting, these validators evaluate checkpoints by computing accuracy on a validation set that has labels. In contrast, in an unsupervised setting, the validation set has no such labels. Without any labels, it is impossible to compute accuracy, so validators must estimate accuracy instead. But what is the best approach to estimating accuracy? In this paper, we consider this question in the context of unsupervised domain adaptation (UDA). Specifically, we propose three new validators, and we compare and rank them against five other existing validators, on a large dataset of 1,000,000 checkpoints. Extensive experimental results show that two of our proposed validators achieve state-of-the-art performance in various settings. Finally, we find that in many cases, the state-of-the-art is obtained by a simple baseline method. To the best of our knowledge, this is the largest empirical study of UDA validators to date. Code is available at https://www.github. com/KevinMusgrave/powerful-benchmarker.
A Variable Autonomy approach for an Automated Weeding Platform

Climate change, increase in world population and the war in Ukraine have led nations such as the UK to put a larger focus on food security, while simultaneously trying to halt declines in biodiversity and reduce risks to human health posed by chemically-reliant farming practices. Achieving these goals simultaneously will require novel approaches and accelerating the deployment of Agri-Robotics from the lab and into the field. In this paper we describe the ARWAC robot platform for mechanical weeding. We explain why the mechanical weeding approach is beneficial compared to the use of pesticides for removing weeds from crop fields. Thereafter, we present the system design and processing pipeline for generating a course of action for the robot to follow, such that it removes as many weeds as possible. Finally, we end by proposing a trust-based ladder of autonomy that will be used, based on the users' confidence in the robot system.
A Non-Convex Separation Through an Alternative Proof for the Supporting Hyperplane Theorem

We present a concise proof for the supporting hyperplane theorem. We then observe that the proof not only establishes the supporting hyperplane theorem but also extends it to a hyperplane separation theorem for certain non-convex sets. The insight is that two sets are separable by a hyperplane if there is a point from whose perspective the two sets appear to be convex. This global topological to local vector space relationship anticipates generalizations to manifolds as a possible future direction. The result might also be of pedagogical interest as it re-wires the structure in which the supporting hyperplane theorem and its dependencies are usually presented in convex optimization and analysis textbooks.
Dynamic Multi-View Fusion Mechanism For Chinese Relation Extraction

Recently, many studies incorporate external knowledge into character-level feature based models to improve the performance of Chinese relation extraction. However, these methods tend to ignore the internal information of the Chinese character and cannot filter out the noisy information of external knowledge. To address these issues, we propose a mixture-of-view-experts framework (MoVE) to dynamically learn multi-view features for Chinese relation extraction. With both the internal and external knowledge of Chinese characters, our framework can better capture the semantic information of Chinese characters. To demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed framework, we conduct extensive experiments on three real-world datasets in distinct domains. Experimental results show consistent and significant superiority and robustness of our proposed framework. Our code and dataset will be released at: https://gitee.com/tmg-nudt/multi-view-of-expert-for-chineserelation-extraction