Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Adaptive Kernel Approximation for Large-Scale Non-Linear SVM Prediction

The applicability of non-linear support vector machines (SVMs) has been limited in large-scale data collections because of their linear prediction complexity to the size of support vectors. We propose an efficient prediction algorithm with performance guarantee for non-linear SVMs, termed AdaptSVM. It can selectively collapse the kernel function computation to a reduced set of support vectors, compensated by an additional correction term that can be easily computed on-line. It also allows adaptive fall-back to original kernel computation based on its estimated variance and maximum error tolerance. In addition to theoretical analysis, we empirically evaluate on multiple large-scale datasets to show that the proposed algorithm can speed up the prediction process up to 104 times with only < 0.5% accuracy loss.
High Bias Gas Flows Increase Lung Injury in the Ventilated Preterm Lamb

Background Mechanical ventilation of preterm babies increases survival but can also cause ventilator-induced lung injury (VILI), leading to the development of bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD). It is not known whether shear stress injury from gases flowing into the preterm lung during ventilation contributes to VILI. Methods Preterm lambs of 131 days’ gestation (term = 147 d) were ventilated for 2 hours with a bias gas flow of 8 L/min (n = 13), 18 L/min (n = 12) or 28 L/min (n = 14). Physiological parameters were measured continuously and lung injury was assessed by measuring mRNA expression of early injury response genes and by histological analysis. Control lung tissue was collected from unventilated age-matched fetuses. Data were analysed by ANOVA with a Tukey post-hoc test when appropriate. Results High bias gas flows resulted in higher ventilator pressures, shorter inflation times and decreased ventilator efficiency. The rate of rise of inspiratory gas flow was greatest, and pulmonary mRNA levels of the injury markers, EGR1 and CTGF, were highest in lambs ventilated with bias gas flows of 18 L/min. High bias gas flows resulted in increased cellular proliferation and abnormal deposition of elastin, collagen and myofibroblasts in the lung. Conclusions High ventilator bias gas flows resulted in increased lung injury, with up-regulation of acute early response genes and increased histological lung injury. Bias gas flows may, therefore, contribute to VILI and BPD.
Evaluation of iron profile in type 2 diabetes mellitus patients of tertiary care center of central India

Introduction: Iron profile is one of the most important indexes for good health. Altered iron profile is a risk factor for many diseases. Excessive iron accumulation in body causes damages of many cellular structures and leads to oxidative damage and causes many complications. So, Iron profile must be studied in many diseases like diabetes mellitus. Materials and Methods: 100 subjects were taken in this study, out of which 50 were type 2 diabetes and 50 were normal healthy controls. BMI was calculated by dividing body weight (Kg) to square of height (meters). The waist / hip circumference ratio was calculated by dividing the waist circumference (cm) to hip circumference (cm). Sphygmomanometer was used for blood pressure measurement. The serum iron, TIBC, UIBC, plasma glucose and HbA1c were measured by semiautoanalyzer. The serum ferritin was estimated by chemiluminescence method. The % transferrin saturation was calculated by formula serum iron (? g/dl) x 100/ TIBC (? g/dl). Result: The anthropometric parameters like weight, BMI, waist circumference, hip circumference, waist hip circumference ratio, systolic and diastolic blood pressure was statistically extremely significantly (p increased in type 2 diabetes mellitus subjects as compared to healthy control subjects. The plasma fasting glucose, HbA1C, serum iron, % saturation and serum ferritin were statistically extremely significantly (p increased and UIBC was statistically extremely significantly (p decreased while TIBC and hemoglobin were statistically significantly (p Conclusion: Elevated iron and ferritin is a risk factor for diabetes and produce many complications. Proper management must be taken to remove the excess iron that can be very harmful to the body. Keywords: T2DM, Iron, Radical, Ferritin, Insulin resistance, Oxidative stress.
Risk assessment for RGBD scans in real time

In this paper we address the notion of risk assessment of three dimensional scenes. Furthermore through the use of local feature recognition techniques and machine learning we perform this analysis on real time point cloud recordings. We provide a definition of risk and potential hazards that incorporates different elements but mainly focuses on intrinsic risk related properties of an object (e.g sharpness). A 3D Voxel HOG descriptor is utilised that aims to classify and recognise the presence of hazardous characteristics and features of objects present in a given scene. Additionally we utilise and extend the 3D Risk Scenes Dataset (3DRS) designed for risk evaluation in scene analysis. The effectiveness of our method is tested on captured point cloud sequences containing hazardous and non hazardous data with a high degree of accuracy across all tested data.
PENGEMBANGAN APLIKASI NAVIGASI MOBILE DENGAN MENGGUNAKAN ALGORITMA ANT COLONY

Dengan memperhitungkan jalur yang akan dilewati sebelum melakukan perjalanan, pengguna jalan bisa lebih menghemat waktu perjalanan. Hal tersebut yang mendorong semakin banyaknya dikembangkan aplikasi navigasi pada mobile phone. Akan tetapi kebanyakan aplikasi navigasi mobile yang tersedia saat ini tidak memperhitungkan kondisi jalan yang akan dilalui sehingga hasil pencarian jalur menjadi kurang optimal. Padahal kondisi jalanan yang ramai juga salah satu faktor yang bisa menghambat pengguna jalan untuk mencapai tujuan dengan tepat waktu. Salah satu syarat aplikasi navigasi yang baik adalah harus bisa mencari jalur alternatif dengan cepat apabila jalan yang dipilih sebelumnya tidak memungkinkan untuk dilewati. Algoritma Semut, atau yang lebih dikenal dengan nama Ant Colony, merupakan salah satu algoritma yang bisa mencari solusi dengan cepat. Cara kerjanya yang unik membuat algoritma ini bisa mencari dan mendapatkan solusi yang bisa lebih baik daripada algoritma konvensional (matematis). Salah satu permasalahan dari algoritma semut adalah pergerakannya yang berdasarkan feromon membuat pencarian jalur menjadi tidak bervariasi. Penelitian ini bertujuan mengembangkan aplikasi navigasi mobile dengan mengombinasikan Algoritma Semut (Ant Colony) dan Tabu List untuk mendapatkan hasil pencarian jalur yang lebih optimal. Data yang digunakan pada penelitian ini berupa informasi mengenai jalan-jalan kota Malang yang diproses dan dimasukkan ke dalam peta digital jalan kota Malang. Hasil dari perhitungan akan dibandingkan dengan hasil pencarian jalur tercepat yang menggunakan algoritma Dijkstra.
Antisense RNA associated with biological regulation of a restriction–modification system

Restriction–modification systems consist of a modification enzyme that methylates a specific DNA sequence and a restriction endonuclease that cleaves DNA lacking this epigenetic signature. Their gene expression should be finely regulated because their potential to attack the host bacterial genome needs to be controlled. In the EcoRI system, where the restriction gene is located upstream of the modification gene in the same orientation, we previously identified intragenic reverse promoters affecting gene expression. In the present work, we identified a small (88 nt) antisense RNA (Rna0) transcribed from a reverse promoter (PREV0) at the 3′ end of the restriction gene. Its antisense transcription, as measured by transcriptional gene fusion, appeared to be terminated by the PM1,M2 promoter. PM1,M2 promoter-initiated transcription, in turn, appeared to be inhibited by PREV0. Mutational inactivation of PREV0 increased expression of the restriction gene. The biological significance of this antisense transcription is 2-fold. First, a mutation in PREV0 increased restriction of incoming DNA. Second, the presence of the antisense RNA gene (ecoRIA) in trans alleviated cell killing after loss of the EcoRI plasmid (post-segregational killing). Taken together, these results strongly suggested the involvement of an antisense RNA in the biological regulation of this restriction–modification system.
Pulmonary Hemodynamics and Six-Minute Walk Test Outcomes in Patients with Interstitial Lung Disease

Background. Six-minute walk test (6MWT) has 3 measurement outcomes, which are walk distance, desaturation, and symptom. The aim of this study was to examine whether routinely measured right-heart catheter (RHC) data correlate with 6MWT outcomes in patients with interstitial lung disease (ILD). Methods. Between June 2010 and December 2012, consecutive patients with ILD who underwent evaluation, including pulmonary function test, hemodynamic studies with right-heart catheter, and 6MWT as routine general practice, were recruited. Correlates of 3 outcomes of 6MWT were examined to reveal significant predictors. Results. Forty-six patients consisting of 20 with idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis, 14 with collagen vascular disease associated ILD, and 12 with other idiopathic interstitial pneumonia were recruited (mean % predicted FVC: 76.7 ± 17.1%). Several physiological variables, including mean pulmonary artery pressure (PAP) and pulmonary vascular resistance (PVR), were correlated with each 6MWT outcome. Stepwise multivariate regression analyses showed that % predicted FVC and % predicted DLco were independent predictors of walk distance (r 2 = 0.35, p = 0.0002). For SpO2 at the end of 6MWT, % predicted DLco and PVR were selected as independent predictors (r 2 = 0.46, p < 0.0001). For dyspnea at the end of 6MWT, % predicted DLco was only one predictor (r 2 = 0.18, p = 0.005). Conclusion. Mean PAP had little impact on 6MWT outcomes in ILD patients who were nonselectively recruited, although PVR was one of predictors of desaturation.
Low-Loss ($<$ 1 dB) and Polarization-Insensitive Edge Fiber Couplers Fabricated on 200-mm Silicon-on-Insulator Wafers

We present a silicon-on-insulator (SOI) polarization-insensitive fiber-to-fiber coupler fabricated on a 200-mm wafer with the standard complementary metal-oxide-semiconductor technology. The coupling losses from a lensed fiber into a 500-nm-wide SOI waveguide were measured to be less than 1 dB in the 1520- to 1600-nm spectral range and below 3 dB between 1300 and 1600 nm.
Organization Simulation Based on Normative Knowledge and Role Modelling

An organizational role is defined as a set of functions together with a set of policies (deontic statements). Several roles can be played by the same human or artificial agent. It is also possible that a set of agents is designated to play a given role. In modern organizations it is common to find most agents performing several different simultaneous roles. This may cause ethical and deontic conflicts when the same agent must play conflicting roles. In such cases the agent must use some criterion to solve the internal conflict. In the following we will propose a methodology for approaching this kind of problems, maintaining the essential agents’ autonomy. Organizational agents, humans or machines, must be modeled using a social model. This view is envisioned by the computational semiotics community, where six layers are defined (Stamper 1973) including two broad areas: the information technology platform, which consists of three layers (physical world, empirics and syntax) and the human i formation functions, which consists also of three layers (semantics, pragmatics and social world). The semantic analysis of business environments can be graphically depicted as an ontology chart, including all agents, roles, resources and their ontological dependencies. An example is shown in figure 1. Additionally to the conceptual knowledge, expressed graphically in the ontology chart, the ontology must also specify behavioral normative knowledge using norms. Norms will be formally defined below, but informally they are seen as social rules that an agent ought to follow. When a clear organizational ontology is not available, where all roles are described and all normative aspects such as authority and power relationships are clear, it might not be possible to understand and predict the agents’ behavior.
Nankai Stars : an example of designing , constructing , evaluating , and applying a 5-Tflops Beowulf supercomputer

This paper presents the design considerations, evaluation methods and a scoring system developed to create a modern high-performance computing facility for Nankai Institute for Scientific Computing (ISC). The facility consists of Nankai Stars a scalable massively parallel cluster supercomputer and a supporting laboratory. Nankai Stars, design is suitable for, a wide range of applications that employ coarseand medium-grained parallel algorithms. Upon completion, the system reached the predicted target of over 3 Tflops in sustained High Performance Linpack (HPL) test, with overall peak performance of 5 Tflops at the cost of less than a dollar per Mflop. This paper provides comprehensive benchmarks, hardware and software specifications and operation experiences that form a sound basis for selection of suppliers and training of supporting personnel.
The responses of human muscle spindle endings to vibration during isometric contraction.

1. An human subjects, vibration of amplitude 1‐5 mm and frequency 20‐220 Hz was applied to the tendons of muscles in the leg to examine the effects on the discharge of primary and secondary endings during manoeuvres designed to alter the level of fusimotor drive. 2. In four experiments, the peroneal nerve was completely blocked with lidocaine proximal to the recording site in order to de‐efferent spindle endings temporarily. The responses to muscle stretch and vibration, as seen in multi‐unit recordings and in single unit recordings, were similar during the block as in the relaxed state prior to the block. Thus, these experiments provided no evidence for a functionally effective resting fusimotor drive. 3. The responses to vibration of nine primary endings and four secondary endings were examined during isometric voluntary contractions of the receptor‐bearing muscles. Providing that the endings were responding submaximally in the relaxed state, voluntary contraction enhanced the response to vibration, suggesting co‐activation of the fusimotor system sufficient to compensate for mechanical unloading. Unloading effects were observed during contractions of neighbouring synergistic muscles, indicating a close spatial relationship between the co‐activated skeletomotor and fusimotor outflows. 4. Recordings were obtained from ten primary endings and seven secondary endings during isometric reflex contractions resulting from the vibratory stimulus (TVR contractions). For twelve endings, the appearance of the tonic vibration reflex in the receptor‐bearing muscle resulted in a significant decrease in the response to vibration, suggesting that the endings were unloaded by the extrafusal contraction. On voluntary suppression of the reflex contraction spindle responses reverted to their previous levels. 5. These results suggest that the tonic vibration reflex, like the tendon jerk reflex, operates predominantly or exclusively on alpha motoneurones and that it does not utilize the same cortically originating efferent pathways as are used in the performance of voluntary contractions.
Small effect of fragmentation on the genetic diversity of Dalbergia monticola, an endangered tree species of the eastern forest of Madagascar, detected by chloroplast and nuclear microsatellites.

BACKGROUND AND AIMS The oriental forest ecosystem in Madagascar has been seriously impacted by fragmentation. The pattern of genetic diversity was analysed on a tree species, Dalbergia monticola, which plays an important economic role in Madagascar and is one of the many endangered tree species in the eastern forest. METHODS Leaves from 546 individuals belonging to 18 small populations affected by different levels of fragmentation were genotyped using eight nuclear (nuc) and three chloroplast (cp) microsatellite markers. KEY RESULTS For nuclear microsatellites, allelic richness (R) and heterozygosity (H(e,nuc)) differed between types of forest: R = 7.36 and R = 9.55, H(e,nuc) = 0.64 and H(e,nuc) = 0.80 in fragmented and non-fragmented forest, respectively, but the differences were not significant. Only the mean number of alleles (N(a,nuc)) and the fixation index F(IS) differed significantly: N(a,nuc) = 9.41 and N(a,nuc) = 13.18, F(IS) = 0.06 and F(IS) = 0.15 in fragmented and non-fragmented forests, respectively. For chloroplast microsatellites, estimated genetic diversity was higher in non-fragmented forest, but the difference was not significant. No recent bottleneck effect was detected for either population. Overall differentiation was low for nuclear microsatellites (F(ST,nuc) = 0.08) and moderate for chloroplast microsatellites (F(ST,cp) = 0.49). A clear relationship was observed between genetic and geographic distance (r = 0.42 P < 0.01 and r = 0.42 P = 0.03 for nuclear and chloroplast microsatellites, respectively), suggesting a pattern of isolation by distance. Analysis of population structure using the neighbor-joining method or Bayesian models separated southern populations from central and northern populations with nuclear microsatellites, and grouped the population according to regions with chloroplast microsatellites, but did not separate the fragmented populations. CONCLUSIONS Residual diversity and genetic structure of populations of D. monticola in Madagascar suggest a limited impact of fragmentation on molecular genetic parameters.
Photoperiod may regulate growth via leptin receptor A1 in the hypothalamus and saccus vasculosus of Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar)

ABSTRACT Photoperiod is believed to regulate growth in fish, although the mechanism involved is still unclear. In this paper, we report a relationship between leptin-receptor A1 (AsLRa1), melatonin-receptor (AsMR) and photoperiod in Atlantic salmon. Atlantic salmon (mean weight 1071.70 ± 155.54 g) were reared under six photoperiod regimes, four constant light regimes 24L:0D, 18L:6D, 12L:12D and 8L:16D, hours of light (L) and dark (D) and two varying light regimes, LL-SL = 24L:0D-8L:16D, and SL-LL = 8L:16D-24L:0D over a period of seven months. The results showed that AsLRa1 transcripts were mainly existed in the hypothalamus and saccus vasculosus (SV), AsMR was mainly expressed in the hypothalamus. Long photoperiod inhibited the expression of AsLRa1 and AsMR transcripts in the Atlantic salmon brain. The expression pattern of AsLRa1 was similar to the expression pattern of AsMR in the hypothalamus. Food intake was higher in fish with lower AsLRa1 transcript levels. This demonstrated that photoperiod influenced somatic growth by changing expression of AsLRa1 in the hypothalamus and SV to affect appetite. In addition, we found that the SV appears to act as a seasonal sensor regulating reproduction in a similar way to the hypothalamus.
Spirometry, Rapid FEV1 Decline, and Lung Cancer Among Asbestos Exposed Heavy Smokers

We assessed whether spirometric measurements are associated with the development of accelerated FEV1 decline and lung cancer among active and previous smokers with a wide range of lung function. Bivariate and multivariate analyses that adjusted for age, intervention arm, smoking status at enrollment and smoking history, years exposed to asbestos, and evidence of asbestosis were used to assess whether baseline FEV1 and FEV1/FVC ratio were associated with accelerated FEV1 decline and incident lung cancer. The 3,041 participants enrolled from 1985 to 1994 were followed through April 30, 2005. Baseline FEV1/FVC ratio < 0.7 was significantly associated with an increased risk for rapid lung function decline (OR = 1.73; 95% CI 1.31-2.28; p < 0.001). Baseline FEV1/FVC ratio < 0.7 was also significantly associated with an increased risk of developing lung cancer, even when baseline FEV1 was > 80%. Lung cancer risk among participants with baseline airflow obstruction and FEV1 < 60% was 4-fold higher than participants without baseline airflow obstruction and FEV1 > 80% (p < 0.001), even among former smokers. These data indicate an FEV1/FVC < 0.7 among smokers is significantly associated with faster airflow loss, and an increased risk for developing lung cancer, even among those individuals with a normal FEV1.
Molecular and Cellular Pharmacology of the Hypoxia-Activated Prodrug TH-302

TH-302 is a 2-nitroimidazole triggered hypoxia-activated prodrug (HAP) of bromo-isophosphoramide mustard currently undergoing clinical evaluation. Here, we describe broad-spectrum activity, hypoxia-selective activation, and mechanism of action of TH-302. The concentration and time dependence of TH-302 activation was examined as a function of oxygen concentration, with reference to the prototypic HAP tirapazamine, and showed superior oxygen inhibition of cytotoxicity and much improved dose potency relative to tirapazamine. Enhanced TH-302 cytotoxicity under hypoxia was observed across 32 human cancer cell lines. One-electron reductive enzyme dependence was confirmed using cells overexpressing human NADPH:cytochrome P450 oxidoreductase and radiolytic reduction established the single-electron stoichiometry of TH-302 fragmentation (activation). Examining downstream effects of TH-302 activity, we observed hypoxia-dependent induction of γH2AX phosphorylation, DNA cross-linking, and cell-cycle arrest. We used Chinese hamster ovary cell–based DNA repair mutant cell lines and established that lines deficient in homology-dependent repair, but not lines deficient in base excision, nucleotide excision, or nonhomologous end-joining repair, exhibited marked sensitivity to TH-302 under hypoxia. Consistent with this finding, enhanced sensitivity to TH-302 was also observed in lines deficient in BRCA1, BRCA2, and FANCA. Finally, we characterized TH-302 activity in the three-dimensional tumor spheroid and multicellular layer models. TH-302 showed much enhanced potency in H460 spheroids compared with H460 monolayer cells under normoxia. Multicellular layers composed of mixtures of parental HCT116 cells and HCT116 cells engineered to express an oxygen-insensitive bacterial nitroreductase showed that TH-302 exhibits a significant bystander effect. Mol Cancer Ther; 11(3); 740–51. ©2011 AACR.
A triple-band compact antenna based on CSRR and LHTL

A triple-band compact antenna fed by coplanar waveguide (CPW) suitable for indoor communication is presented in this paper. The proposed structure is the combination of a complementary split-ring resonator (CSRR) and a left-handed transmission line (LHTL). The CSRR, working in quarter-wave monopole mode, contributes the first two operating frequency bands, which are further broadened by an additional triangular transitional structure. The LHTL implemented by interdigital capacitors and ground poles provides the third frequency band operating in a resonant mode. Detailed simulation results are presented to confirm our idea and design procedure.