Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Osteogenic Differentiation of Human Periodontal Ligament Stromal Cells Influences Their Immunosuppressive Potential toward Allogenic CD4+ T Cells

The differentiation ability of human periodontal ligament mesenchymal stromal cells (hPDL-MSCs) in vivo is limited; therefore, some studies considered strategies involving their pre-differentiation in vitro. However, it is not known how the differentiation of hPDL-MSCs influences their immunomodulatory properties. This study investigated how osteogenic differentiation of hPDL-MSCs affects their ability to suppress CD4+ T-lymphocyte proliferation. hPDL-MSCs were cultured for 21 days in osteogenic differentiation or standard culture media. Allogeneic CD4+ T lymphocytes were co-cultured with undifferentiated and differentiated cells in the presence or absence of interferon (IFN)-γ, interleukin (IL)-1β or tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, and their proliferation and apoptosis were measured. Additionally, the effects of these cytokines on the expression of immunomodulatory or pro-inflammatory factors were investigated. Our data show that osteogenic differentiation of hPDL-MSCs reduced their ability to suppress the proliferation of CD4+ T lymphocytes in the presence of IFN-γ and enhanced this ability in the presence of IL-1β. These changes were accompanied by a slightly decreased proportion of apoptotic CD4+ in the presence of IFN-γ. The osteogenic differentiation was accompanied by decreases and increases in the activity of indoleamine-2,3-dioxygenase in the presence of IFN-γ and IL-1β, respectively. The basal production of interleukin-8 by hPDL-MSCs was substantially increased upon osteogenic differentiation. In conclusion, this study suggests that pre-differentiation strategies in vitro may impact the immunomodulatory properties of hPDL-MSCs and subsequently affect their therapeutic effectiveness in vivo. These findings provide important insights for the development of MSC-based therapies.
Theoretical Basis,Research Advancement and Prospects of Cyclostratigraphy

The research on cyclostratigraphy has made great progress over the past 30 years,and it has contributed to the understanding and solutions of numerous scientific problems in the field of Earth Science.Now cyclostratigraphy has been defined as "the subdiscipline of stratigraphy that deals with the identification,characterization,correlation,and interpretation of cyclic variations in the stratigraphic record and,in particular,with their application in geochronology by improving the accuracy and resolution of time-stratigraphic frameworks". The lithological,facies,geophysical and geochemical parameters(i.e.,paleoclimate proxies),which can reflect paleoclimate fluctuations,have been adopted extensively in the cyclostratigraphy analysis.A set of methods,including characterization of lithological combination,power spectral analysis,evolutive power spectral analysis,wavelet analysis,filtering and tuning,have been developed to identify the Milankovitch cycles and establish high-resolution astronomical time scales.Some excellent cyclostratigraphy results have been obtained from loess deposits of northern China,Neogene marine deposits in South China Sea,Paleozoic marine sections,and some Meso-Neozoic terrestrial basins by Chinese scholars.We may get some important results if we can carry out cyclostratigraphy research on the Cretaceous terrestrial deposits in Songliao basin,northeastern China,and Lopingian-Midddle Triassic marine sections in South China.
Smoothing Intermittent Output Power in Grid-Connected Doubly Fed Induction Generator Wind Turbines with Li-Ion Batteries

Wind energy is an increasingly important renewable resource in today’s global energy landscape. However, it faces challenges due to the unpredictable nature of wind speeds, resulting in intermittent power generation. This intermittency can disrupt power grid stability when integrating doubly fed induction generators (DFIGs). To address this challenge, we propose integrating a Li-ion battery energy storage system (BESS) with the direct current (DC) link of grid-connected DFIGs to mitigate power fluctuations caused by variable wind speed conditions. Our approach entails meticulous battery modeling, sizing, and control methods, all tailored to match the required output power of DFIG wind turbines. To demonstrate how well our Li-ion battery solution works, we have developed a MATLAB/Simulink R2022a version model. This model enables us to compare situations with and without the Li-ion battery in various operating conditions, including steady-state and dynamic transient scenarios. We also designed a buck–boost bidirectional DC-DC converter controlled by a proportional integral controller for battery charging and discharging. The battery actively monitors the DC-link voltage of the DFIG wind turbine and dynamically adjusts its stored energy in response to the voltage level. Thus, DFIG wind turbines consistently generate 1.5 MW of active power, operating with a highly efficient power factor of 1.0, indicating there is no reactive power produced. Our simulation results confirm that Li-ion batteries effectively mitigate power fluctuations in grid-connected DFIG wind turbines. As a result, Li-ion batteries enhance grid power stability and quality by absorbing or releasing power to compensate for variations in wind energy production.
High-pressure behavior of iron carbide (Fe7C3) at inner core conditions

[1] Carbon is a plausible light element candidate in the Earth's core owing to its cosmic abundance and its chemical affinity for iron. Recent experimental studies on Fe-C phase relations at high pressures have demonstrated that Fe7C3 iron carbide is a likely candidate for the Earth's inner core. Using electronic structure calculations, we determine the equation of state, the full elastic constant tensor, and the sound wave velocities for Fe7C3, up to inner core pressures. We find that Fe7C3 is ferromagnetic (fm) at low pressure, and that its compression behavior is well represented by a third-order Birch Murnaghan finite strain expression with V0fm = 9.1 A3/atom, K0fm = 231 GPa, and K′0fm = 4.4. Under compression the magnetic moments of the Fe atoms gradually decrease, and at ∼67 GPa the magnetic moment is lost. The high-pressure nonmagnetic phase (nm) has distinct finite strain parameters with V0nm = 8.8 A3/atom, K0nm = 291 GPa, and K′0nm = 4.5. Calculated elastic constants show softening associated with the loss of magnetization. In addition, we have conducted nuclear resonant inelastic X-ray scattering experiments on 57Fe enriched Fe7C3 at 1 bar and 300 K. On the basis of our nuclear resonant inelastic X-ray scattering spectra we have derived a Debye sound velocity of 3.18 km/s. The experimentally determined value is in good agreement with the computational predictions, based on athermal single elastic constants. The static P wave velocity at inner core pressures agrees well with seismological constraints, whereas the S wave velocity is greater by 30%. On the basis of the density of Fe7C3 at inner core conditions, we predict that the maximum possible carbon content of the inner core is around 1.5 wt %.
Impact of Working Environment on Job Satisfaction

Purpose: The purpose of this study is to examine the influencing factors of job satisfaction on the employees working in their respective organizations within Karachi Pakistan. The study is to extend the theory of “Self-Discrepancy Theory” in explaining Job satisfaction. Furthermore, the study also intends to analyze the effects of “Working hours”, “Relationship with co-workers” and “Job safety and security” on the employees’ satisfaction related to their jobs. Methodology: This study is quantitative in nature and a questionnaire was used as a research tool to gather data and SPSS is used for data analysis. The sampling technique that was used for this research was non-probability convenience sampling. Research primary data was gathered by adopting a survey method in the form of a questionnaire that was designed using Google Docs. It was then used to administer 400 respondents. The survey consisted of 31 structured questions that were based on 5 points Likert scale. Findings: The outcome of the study finds that Job Safety and Security and relationships with co-workers have a positive impact and relation with employees' Jobs. However, the working hours have no impact and relationship with Job satisfaction. Conclusion: It is concluded that Job Safety and Security and Relationship with co-workers have a positive impact and relation with employees' Jobs. However, the working hours have no impact and relationship with Job satisfaction
Floating Car Data Based Nonparametric Regression Model for Short-Term Travel Speed Prediction

A K-nearest neighbor (K-NN) based nonparametric regression model was proposed to predict travel speed for Beijing expressway. By using the historical traffic data collected from the detectors in Beijing expressways, a specically designed database was developed via the processes including data filtering, wavelet analysis and clustering. The relativity based weighted Euclidean distance was used as the distance metric to identify the K groups of nearest data series. Then, a K-NN nonparametric regression model was built to predict the average travel speeds up to 6 min into the future. Several randomly selected travel speed data series, collected from the floating car data (FCD) system, were used to validate the model. The results indicate that using the FCD, the model can predict average travel speeds with an accuracy of above 90%, and hence is feasible and effective.
Dynamics of groundwater‐derived nitrate and nitrous oxide in a tidal estuary from radon mass balance modeling

We monitored submarine groundwater discharge (SGD) into the Werribee Estuary, Australia, using both chemical and physical methods. SGD occurred at hotspots where 222Rn persisted through a 12 month survey period. A significant correlation between 222Rn and (r2 = 0.8, p < 0.01), as well as between 222Rn and N2O (r2 = 0.6, p < 0.01) at a 222Rn hotspot, and much higher and N2O concentrations in groundwater relative to surface water suggest that elevated and N2O concentrations in the estuary were derived from SGD. Two sampling campaigns over 24 h revealed that variations of 222Rn,, and N2O were controlled by tide‐induced hydraulic‐head gradient fluctuations and, possibly to a much lesser extent, by tidal pumping and density‐driven convection. A two‐box 222Rn mass‐balance model was used to calculate the rate of SGD into two different layers across the pycnocline of the estuary. A higher total groundwater discharge rate of 0.12 ± 0.09 m d−1 was observed in the surface layer during ebb tide compared with 0.10 ± 0.08 m d−1 during flood tide. Fluxes of groundwater‐derived and N2O were higher than the riverine flux at baseflow by more than 30 fold and 20 fold, respectively. SGD derived fluxes exceeded the mean annual riverine and TN fluxes by a factor of ∼ 5 and ∼ 3 respectively. SGD‐derived N2O fluxes were 170 µmol m−2 d−1, which are among the highest N2O fluxes observed in estuaries.
Unambiguous evidence of old soil carbon in grass biosilica particles

Plant biosilica particles (phytoliths) contain small amounts of carbon called phytC. Based on the assumptions that phytC is of photosynthetic origin and a closed system, claims were recently made that phytoliths from several agriculturally important monocotyledonous species play a significant role in atmospheric CO 2 sequestration. However, anomalous phytC radiocarbon (14 C) dates suggested contributions from a non-photosynthetic source to phytC. Here we address this non-photosynthetic source hypothesis using comparative isotopic measurements (14 C and δ 13 C) of phytC, plant tissues, atmospheric CO 2 , and soil organic matter. State-of-the-art methods assured phytolith purity, while sequential stepwise-combustion revealed complex chemical-thermal decomposability properties of phytC. Although pho-tosynthesis is the main source of carbon in plant tissue, it was found that phytC is partially derived from soil carbon that can be several thousand years old. The fact that phytC is not uniquely constituted of photosynthetic C limits the usefulness of phytC either as a dating tool or as a significant sink of atmospheric CO 2. It additionally calls for further experiments to investigate how SOM-derived C is accessible to roots and accumulates in plant biosilica, for a better understanding of the mechanistic processes underlying the silicon biomineralization process in higher plants.
Surgery Technique, Gender, Age on Hirschsprung Assosiated Enterocolitis Score of Post-Pull through Hirschprung Patients

Knowing if there are differences in HAEC scores following pull-through procedures between groups due to the interaction of surgical techniques with gender by controlling the influence of patient age is as important as determining if there are differences in Pull-Through through the procedure between male and female patients. The purpose of this study was to compare haec score profiles after Pull-Through surgery using Duhamel's surgery technique and TEPT surgery technique to see whether there was a difference through the process of comparing HAEC scores after the Pull between Duhamel's surgical technique and TEPT surgery technique while controlling the patient's age impact. The study, which compares Duhamel's method with the TEPT process, is an ex-post facto descriptive and inferential study with the aim of determining the profile and variation of post-pull-through HAEC scores. Patients at RSUP Dr. M. Djamil Padang who suffered from Hirschsprung disease between 2018 and 2022 were the study population. All patients in the study sample, compiled using the method of complete sampling, were between 0 and 5 years old. The HAEC scores of individuals with Hirschsprung's disease are determined by a combination of age, gender, and surgical approach. HAEC scores are strongly influenced by age variables alone, the older the patient, the higher the HAEC score. There was a difference in the average HAEC score between the group of patients undergoing Duhamel surgery and the group undergoing TEPT surgery, with the HAEC score of the Duhamel engineering group being higher than that of the TEPT surgery technique group. The average HAEC score for the male and female patient groups was the same.
Stability of solutions of fractional neutral Levin‐Nohel integro‐differential equations

The Levin‐Nohel integro‐differential equation is one of the famous equations in various fields of science and engineering. It was first studied by Volterra in connection with biological applications. This paper deals with the nonlinear neutral Levin‐Nohel integro‐differential equation with Caputo fractional derivative and variable delays. The Ulam‐Hyers‐Rassias stability, Ulam‐Hyers stability, semi‐Ulam‐Hyers‐Rassias stability are studied. The existence and uniqueness of solutions are established by using Krasnoselskii's fixed point theorem and contraction mapping principle. An illustrative example is also given and that is studied by the help of the Adomian decomposition method.
Degradation Diagnosis of Power Modules Based on Thermal Phase Response Sensing and Artificial Neural Networks

This work proposes a degradation diagnosis methodology for power modules that utilizes changes in thermal response to estimate convection, thermal interface material, and die-attach degradation. The methodology extracts phase response changes of either junction temperature or heat sink temperature and applies artificial neural networks (ANNs) to detect, separate and quantify different degradation modes. The article develops a piece-wise linear thermal model that describes the variable effects of convection, thermal interface material, and die-attach degradation, and compares it with experimental measurements to demonstrate the feasibility of the approach. A comprehensive analysis identifies the frequencies at which each of the three degradation modes has an effect on the thermal impedance phase response that can be measured with thermal impedance spectroscopy. The analysis shows that junction temperature measurements with moderate bandwidth of <inline-formula><tex-math notation="LaTeX">$5 \,\mathrm{Hz}$</tex-math></inline-formula> allow detecting each of the three degradation modes even if they occur superimposed. A heat sink temperature measurement only with a bandwidth of <inline-formula><tex-math notation="LaTeX">$100 \,\mathrm{m}\mathrm{Hz}$</tex-math></inline-formula>, can still detect individual and superimposed degradation of the convection and thermal interface material. ANNs are designed and trained to estimate the life-time varying parameters that model different degradation modes. The evaluation of the ANN based degradation estimation shows that the three degradation modes can be identified robustly even if they occur superimposed with a maximal error of <inline-formula><tex-math notation="LaTeX">$1 {\%}\,\mathrm{to}\, 2 {\%}$</tex-math></inline-formula>. Overall, this works demonstrates degradation monitoring and diagnosis that provides valuable data on the the state-of-health and power capability of a converter but is realized with moderate implementation complexity.
On Uncertainty Principles for Lowband Graph Signals

In recent years, the research of graph signal processing has attracted extensive attention of scholars, especially graph uncertainty principle. The lower bound of uncertainty is closely related to time-frequency resolution, therefore it is of great application value to explore the minimum lower bound of uncertainty in time-frequency analysis, biological data processing and radar imaging. In this paper, we obtain two uncertainty principles of lowband graph signals, basing on matrix theory and operator norm theory. By using the extreme value property of quadratic matrix eigenvalue and the related definition of matrix norm, the basic sparse uncertainty principle and the sparse lower bound of graph uncertainty principle based on multiplicative uncertainty are compared, which shows the superiority of the latter in signal detection performance. Then, examples and numerical comparison results are provided to verify the previous theoretical analysis, showing that the graph uncertainty principle based on multiplicative uncertainty is closer to the time-frequency resolution than the basic sparse uncertainty principle. The application of uncertainty principle involving signal sparsity expansion in compressed sampling is also given.
Intelligent Automatic Test Pattern Generation for Digital Circuits Based on Reinforcement Learning

Automatic Test Pattern Generation (ATPG) is a crucial technology in the testing of digital circuits. The excessive backtracks during the ATPG process can consume considerable computational resources and deleteriously affect performance. In this study, we introduce an intelligent ATPG method based on reinforcement learning to reduce the number of backtracks and enhance performance. Specifically, the Q-learning algorithm is employed to learn an optimal backtracing strategy pattern from the ATPG data produced through path-oriented decision-making (PODEM). The learned model is then utilized to guide the backtracing decisions within the PODEM, thereby improving the performance of the ATPG process. Experimental results demonstrate that, compared with traditional heuristic strategies and the backtrace path selection strategy based on artificial neural network (ANN), the proposed method can reduce backtrack occurrences and enhance performance more effectively.
Crab burrows as conduits for groundwater‐surface water exchange in Bangladesh

Groundwater recharge affects water budgets and groundwater quality on the deltas and floodplains of South and Southeast Asia. Rain and flooding rivers recharge groundwater during the monsoon; irrigated rice fields and surface water bodies recharge aquifers during the dry season. Groundwater throughout the region is severely contaminated by arsenic, and recent research suggests that quantifying and characterizing recharge is important to understand whether recharge flushes or mobilizes arsenic from aquifers. At a field site in Bangladesh, we found that burrows of terrestrial crabs short‐circuit low‐permeability surface sediments, providing the primary conduit for recharge. We combine field observations along with a model that couples isotope and water balances to quantify the effect of crab burrows on aquifer recharge. Given the wide distribution of burrowing crabs and the surficial geology, we suggest that crab burrows provide widespread conduits for groundwater recharge.
NORMALIZED BEHAVIOR OF OFFSHORE CLAY UNDER UNIFORM CYCLIC LOADING

A method for characterization of normally consolidated and overconsolidated clay subjected to undrained constant shear strain amplitude cyclic loading is presented and verified. The method is based on laboratory evidence that shows that clays exhibiting static normalized behavior with respect to the vertical consolidation stress, i.e., along the lines of the SHANSEP method, also exhibit a similar cyclic normalized behavior. The method is illustrated by cyclic results obtained on an offshore clay for the range of overconsolidation ratio (OCR) from 1 to 4, and is verified by predicting the initial backbone curve, cyclic stiffness degradation, and pore pressure variation for the same clay for OCR = 1.4. The predicted behavior for OCR = 1.4 successfully describes the corresponding laboratory results. Also, very consistent relationships between cyclic shear strain and other cyclic parameters obtained by means of cyclic strain-controlled testing in this and other similar studies confirm that the cyclic shear st.
RTE: Rapid and Reliable Trust Evaluation for Collaborator Selection and Time-Sensitive Task Handling in Internet of Vehicles

By enabling connectivity and collaboration among moving vehicles, Internet of Vehicles (IoV) is expected to bring dramatically improved road safety and traffic efficiency. With limited onboard resources and real-time operational constraints, achieving these goals through handling time-sensitive IoV services and tasks inevitably relies on rapid and reliable collaboration among moving vehicles. Due to safety-related considerations, such collaboration always requires complex evaluation of potential collaborative vehicles, resulting in increased latency in time-sensitive IoV task handling. To achieve rapid and reliable IoV collaboration, a comprehensive concept of trust among neighboring vehicles is first conceptualized in this article to maximize Quality of Experience (QoE) by expediting the IoV collaborator selection as well as overall task handling. Specifically, we propose a new concept of indirect trust and the related Rapid and reliable Trust Evaluation (RTE) mechanism by enabling trust transfer from reliable third parties to reduce the trust evaluation latency of potential collaborative peers. Furthermore, capability trust and direct experiential trust are introduced as two additional evaluation factors in RTE to assess the capability and reliability of collaborators and to reduce task computation time. Finally, the different factors of the proposed trust, i.e., indirect trust, direct experiential trust, and capability trust, are integrated and adaptively utilized at different stages of IoV collaboration by a proposed adaptive trust factor aggregation scheme. Simulation results demonstrate that the proposed RTE mechanism achieves higher QoE with reduced task completion latency by swiftly selecting the optimal IoV collaborator compared to existing trust evaluation mechanisms.