Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
A Hybrid Stacked Restricted Boltzmann Machine with Sobel Directional Patterns for Melanoma Prediction in Colored Skin Images

Melanoma, a kind of skin cancer that is very risky, is distinguished by uncontrolled cell multiplication. Melanoma detection is of the utmost significance in clinical practice because of the atypical border structure and the numerous types of tissue it can involve. The identification of melanoma is still a challenging process for color images, despite the fact that numerous approaches have been proposed in the research that has been done. In this research, we present a comprehensive system for the efficient and precise classification of skin lesions. The framework includes preprocessing, segmentation, feature extraction, and classification modules. Preprocessing with DullRazor eliminates skin-imaging hair artifacts. Next, Fully Connected Neural Network (FCNN) semantic segmentation extracts precise and obvious Regions of Interest (ROIs). We then extract relevant skin image features from ROIs using an enhanced Sobel Directional Pattern (SDP). For skin image analysis, Sobel Directional Pattern outperforms ABCD. Finally, a stacked Restricted Boltzmann Machine (RBM) classifies skin ROIs. Stacked RBMs accurately classify skin melanoma. The experiments have been conducted on five datasets: Pedro Hispano Hospital (PH2), International Skin Imaging Collaboration (ISIC 2016), ISIC 2017, Dermnet, and DermIS, and achieved an accuracy of 99.8%, 96.5%, 95.5%, 87.9%, and 97.6%, respectively. The results show that a stack of Restricted Boltzmann Machines is superior for categorizing skin cancer types using the proposed innovative SDP.
High-Accuracy and High-Tolerance Laser Encoder With a Grating-Pyramid Configuration

Laser encoders are promising positioning sensors for nanometer measurement. It is a key challenge for laser encoders to offer high accuracy while ensuring high tolerance in service. In this article, we present a laser encoder employing a grating-pyramid configuration. This configuration realizes double diffraction via a single retroreflector (RR), which offers the following two advantages: 1) providing high-resolution output signals due to optical quadruple frequency and 2) improving alignment tolerance due to retroreflection of the single pyramid. Its operating principle is described in detail, and the performance is evaluated. The simulation result presents that the stand-off error and the pitch error are the critical head-to-scale tolerance for the developed laser encoder. The experiment result shows that the laser encoder offers a stand-off tolerance of ±0.68 mm and a pitch tolerance of ±1.67°. Furthermore, an interpolation accuracy of 3 nm is achieved, which indicates that the laser encoder would achieve nanometer-level resolution. Both simulation and experimental results demonstrate its high accuracy and high tolerance.
Integrating Heterogeneous Graphs Using Graph Transformer Encoder for Solving Math Word Problems

This paper introduces a novel method that integrates structural information with training deep neural models to solve math word problems. Prior works adopt the graph structure to represent rich information residing in the input sentences. However, they lack the consideration of different relation types between other parts of the sentences. To provide various types of structural information in a uniform way, we propose a graph transformer encoder to integrate heterogeneous graphs of various input representations. We developed two types of graph structures. First, the Dependency Graph maintains long-distance lexical dependency between words and quantities. Second, the Question Overlap Graph captures the gist within the problem body. The two graphs are encoded as a single graph for graph transformation. Experimental results show that our method produces competitive results compared to the baselines. Our model outperforms state-of-the-art models in Equation and Answer accuracy near three percent in SVAMP benchmark. Moreover, we discuss that integrating different types of textual characteristics may improve the quality of mathematical logic inference from natural language sentences.
Column IV sensors for 2D and 3D infrared imaging

Si based image sensors have proliferated in recent decades as their reduction in cost and increase in performance reached extraordinary levels. This talk will highlight advancements made in Si-compatible materials for imaging (2D and 3D) at wavelengths extending into the longwave infrared (LWIR). Monolithic integration of low dark current Ge photodetectors on Si extends the sensitivity of integrated sensors to about 1.6 μm. Recently, researchers have grown high quality epitaxial GeSn alloys on Ge where the cutoff wavelength approaches 5.2 μm. Using these new materials, it will be possible to create high performance midwave infrared (MWIR) and LWIR image sensors monolithically integrated on Si.
Relation of Mean Platelet Volume (MPV) with Cancer: A Systematic Review with a Focus on Disease Outcome on Twelve Types of Cancer

Inflammatory proteins activate platelets, which have been observed to be directly related to cancer progression and development. The aim of this systematic review is to investigate the possible association between Mean Platelet Volume (MPV) and cancer (diagnostic capacity of MPV, relation to survival, the severity of the disease, and metastasis). A literature review was performed in the online database PubMed and Google Scholar for the period of 2010–2022. In total, 83 studies including 21,034 participants with 12 different types of cancer (i.e., gastric cancer, colon cancer, esophageal squamous cell carcinoma, renal cancer, breast cancer, ovarian cancer, endometrial cancer, thyroid cancer, lung cancer, bladder cancer, gallbladder cancer, and multiple myeloma) were identified. The role of MPV has been extensively investigated in several types of cancer, such as gastric, colon, breast, and lung cancer, while few data exist for other types, such as renal, gallbladder cancer, and multiple myeloma. Most studies in gastric, breast, endometrium, thyroid, and lung cancer documented an elevated MPV in cancer patients. Data were less clear-cut for esophageal, ovarian, and colon cancer, while reduced MPV was observed in renal cell carcinoma and gallbladder cancer. Several studies on colon cancer (4 out of 6) and fewer on lung cancer (4 out of 10) indicated an unfavorable role of increased MPV regarding mortality. As far as other cancer types are concerned, fewer studies were conducted. MPV can be used as a potential biomarker in cancer diagnosis and could be a useful tool for the optimization of treatment strategies. Possible underlying mechanisms between cancer and MPV are discussed. However, further studies are needed to elucidate the exact role of MPV in cancer progression and metastasis.
Adaptive sliding controller synthesis for non-linear systems

Classical ‘sliding mode control’, as investigated mostly in Soviet literature, features excellent robustness properties in relation to parametric uncertainty, but presents several important drawbacks that severely limit its practical applicability. These drawbacks, including large control authority and control chattering, were remedied by Slotine and Sastry (1983) and Slotine (1984) by replacing control switching at a fixed sliding surface by a smooth control interpolation in a boundary layer neighbouring a time-varying sliding surface. This avoids the excitation of high-frequency unmodelled dynamics, and leads to an explicit trade-off between model uncertainty and controller tracking performance. The present paper examines how to further improve performance by effectively coupling on-line parameter estimation to sliding controller design. The boundary layer concept leads to a compact measure of the quality of parameter estimation, and provides a consistent rule on when to stop adaptation. The approach is.
Disexcitation in the ASH/RIM/ADL negative feedback circuit fine-tunes hyperosmotic sensation and avoidance in Caenorhabditis elegans

Sensations, especially nociception, are tightly controlled and regulated by the central and peripheral nervous systems. Osmotic sensation and related physiological and behavioral reactions are essential for animal well-being and survival. In this study, we find that interaction between secondary nociceptive ADL and primary nociceptive ASH neurons upregulates Caenorhabditis elegans avoidance of the mild and medium hyperosmolality of 0.41 and 0.88 Osm but does not affect avoidance of high osmolality of 1.37 and 2.29 Osm. The interaction between ASH and ADL is actualized through a negative feedback circuit consisting of ASH, ADL, and RIM interneurons. In this circuit, hyperosmolality-sensitive ADL augments the ASH hyperosmotic response and animal hyperosmotic avoidance; RIM inhibits ADL and is excited by ASH; thus, ASH exciting RIM reduces ADL augmenting ASH. The neuronal signal integration modality in the circuit is disexcitation. In addition, ASH promotes hyperosmotic avoidance through ASH/RIC/AIY feedforward circuit. Finally, we find that in addition to ASH and ADL, multiple sensory neurons are involved in hyperosmotic sensation and avoidance behavior.
Quercetin and Its Fermented Extract as a Potential Inhibitor of Bisphenol A-Exposed HT-29 Colon Cancer Cells’ Viability

Bisphenol A (BPA) promotes colon cancer by altering the physiological functions of hormones. Quercetin (Q) can regulate signaling pathways through hormone receptors, inhibiting cancer cells. The antiproliferative effects of Q and its fermented extract (FEQ, obtained by Q gastrointestinal digestion and in vitro colonic fermentation) were analyzed in HT-29 cells exposed to BPA. Polyphenols were quantified in FEQ by HPLC and their antioxidant capacity by DPPH and ORAC. Q and 3,4-dihydroxyphenylacetic acid (DOPAC) were quantified in FEQ. Q and FEQ exhibited antioxidant capacity. Cell viability with Q+BPA and FEQ+BPA was 60% and 50%, respectively; less than 20% of dead cells were associated with the necrosis process (LDH). Treatments with Q and Q+BPA induced cell cycle arrest in the G0/G1 phase, and FEQ and FEQ+BPA in the S phase. Compared with other treatments, Q positively modulated ESR2 and GPR30 genes. Using a gene microarray of the p53 pathway, Q, Q+BPA, FEQ and FEQ+BPA positively modulated genes involved in apoptosis and cell cycle arrest; bisphenol inhibited the expression of pro-apoptotic and cell cycle repressor genes. In silico analyses demonstrated the binding affinity of Q > BPA > DOPAC molecules for ERα and ERβ. Further studies are needed to understand the role of disruptors in colon cancer.
Cascading failures in local-world evolving networks

The local-world (LW) evolving network model shows a transition for the degree distribution between the exponential and power-law distributions, depending on the LW size. Cascading failures under intentional attacks in LW network models with different LW sizes were investigated using the cascading failures load model. We found that the LW size has a significant impact on the network’s robustness against deliberate attacks. It is much easier to trigger cascading failures in LW evolving networks with a larger LW size. Therefore, to avoid cascading failures in real networks with local preferential attachment such as the Internet, the World Trade Web and the multi-agent system, the LW size should be as small as possible.
Sparse Actuator Attack Detection and Identification: A Data-Driven Approach

This article aims to investigate the data-driven attack detection and identification problem for cyber–physical systems under sparse actuator attacks, by developing tools from subspace identification and compressive sensing theories. First, two sparse actuator attack models (additive and multiplicative) are formulated and the definitions of I/O sequence and data models are presented. Then, the attack detector is designed by identifying the stable kernel representation of cyber–physical systems, followed by the security analysis of data-driven attack detection. Moreover, two sparse recovery-based attack identification policies are proposed, with respect to sparse additive and multiplicative actuator attack models. These attack identification policies are realized by the convex optimization methods. Furthermore, the identifiability conditions of the presented identification algorithms are analyzed to evaluate the vulnerability of cyber–physical systems. Finally, the proposed methods are verified by the simulations on a flight vehicle system.
Oncolytic viruses-modulated immunogenic cell death, apoptosis and autophagy linking to virotherapy and cancer immune response

Recent reports have revealed that oncolytic viruses (OVs) play a significant role in cancer therapy. The infection of OVs such as oncolytic vaccinia virus (OVV), vesicular stomatitis virus (VSV), parvovirus, mammalian reovirus (MRV), human adenovirus, Newcastle disease virus (NDV), herpes simplex virus (HSV), avian reovirus (ARV), Orf virus (ORFV), inactivated Sendai virus (ISV), enterovirus, and coxsackievirus offer unique opportunities in immunotherapy through diverse and dynamic pathways. This mini-review focuses on the mechanisms of OVs-mediated virotherapy and their effects on immunogenic cell death (ICD), apoptosis, autophagy and regulation of the immune system.
An Improved Model Predictive Torque Control for PMSM Drives Based on Discrete Space Vector Modulation

In this article, an improved model predictive torque control (MPTC) method based on discrete space vector modulation (DSVM) is proposed for permanent magnet synchronous motor (PMSM) drives. Aiming at solving the two problems of large torque ripples and high computational complexity in conventional MPTC, the proposed method adopts a second optimization and a new simplified search strategy. The key idea of second optimization is to make the output voltage vector closer to the actual optimal solution. In this case, a more suitable voltage vector is applied in each sampling period. The simplified search strategy reduces the calculation time by cutting down the number of candidate voltage vectors without affecting drives performance. Compared to the conventional MPTC without DSVM and with DSVM, the proposed method can produce superior steady-state performance and lower computational complexity. Simulation and experimental results are presented to validate the effectiveness and feasibility of the proposed method.
A GPU Implementation of GPBiCGSafe-Algorithm-Based Navier-Stokes Solvers for 3D Incompressible Flows A GPU Implementation of 3D Navier-Stokes Solvers

an N × N dimensional matrix A can be seen as an one-dimensional array of length N which is stored in the global memory of a GPU. The vectors b and the result vector Ab of dimension N are also stored in the global memory. Zeroes are appended or prepended to the bands depending on the position of the band in the banded matrix A. Figure 2 (bottom) shows a process of multiplication of a tri-banded matrix A with a vector b. Each band of the matrix A is appended or prepended with zeroes corresponding the position of the band and then multiplied with the vector b which is shifted to left or right similarly. The products are summed to obtain the result vector Ab.
The rate of convergence in limit theorems for service systems with finite queue capacity

The paper deals with the asymptotic analysis of waiting time distribution for service systems with finite queue capacity. First an M/M/m system is considered and the rate of approximation is given. Then the case of the M/G/1 system is studied for traffic intensity ρ > 1. In the last section a condition is given under which an estimate can be derived for the remainder term in central limit theorems for randomly stopped sums.
ALOX5-mediated ferroptosis acts as a distinct cell death pathway upon oxidative stress in Huntington's disease

In this study, Song et al. sought to understand the molecular mechanism of polyglutamine-expanded mutant huntingtin mHTT-mediated actions, which causes Huntington's disease (HD), and showed that expression of the N-terminal fragment containing the expanded polyglutamine (HTTQ94) of mHTT is able to promote both ACSL4-dependent and ACSL4-independent ferroptosis. They also identified ALOX5 as a major factor required for the ACSL4-independent ferroptosis induced by HTTQ94, and their findings provide new insights into mHTT-mediated ferroptosis.
Detection of Bacillus group spores in an aqueous environment using an aptamer based digital photocorrosion biosensor

Bacillus cereus (Bc) group are spore-forming bacteria that include human pathogenic strains, such as Bacillus cereus and Bacillus anthracis. Detection of Bc group spores using selective media is a laborious process that is largely dependent on the laboratory environment. We have examined the application of so-called digital photocorrosion (DIP) GaAs/AlGaAs biosensor for detection of Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) spores. With the aptamer-based biosensing architecture, we have successfully demonstrated detection of Bt spores in the range between 103 - 105 spores/mL. The ease of operating DIP biosensors, and the potential for sensitive detection in field settings hold the promise of attractive applications of these innovative devices for monitoring the presence of Bc group spores.
Synchronization and suppression of chaos in an electromagnetic system

In this study, various nonlinear dynamic analysis techniques are employed to reveal the rich nonlinear phenomena of an electromagnetic system. In particular, bifurcation diagrams, time responses, phase portraits, Poincare maps, power spectrum analysis, and the construction of basins of attraction are all powerful and effective tools for nonlinear dynamic problems. The Lyapunov exponent method is employed to show the occurrence of chaotic motion and to verify the numerical simulation results. Finally, two cases of a chaotic electromagnetic system being effectively controlled by a reference signal or being synchronized to another nonlinear electromagnetic system are presented.
Common prosperity level evaluation: A comprehensive method based on probabilistic linguistic ordered weighted distance measure, prospect theory, and TOPSIS

Introduction Common prosperity is a major research project in China, and the scientific measurement and evaluation of common prosperity is very important. Methods In this study, firstly, we construct a comprehensive evaluation index system for the common prosperity level (CPL). We then develop an evaluation model of CPL based on prospect theory, probabilistic linguistic ordered weighted distance measure, and the TOPSIS method, wherein we use a probabilistic linguistic term set (PLTS) to describe the uncertainty and complexity of the assessment process. Above all, we use prospect theory to reflect the preferences of experts to meet the unique needs for the evaluation of common prosperity. Moreover, we apply the proposed evaluation index system and model to evaluate the CPL of Zhejiang Province, China's first common prosperity demonstration zone, as an example to conduct relevant research. The advantages and effectiveness of the proposed method are verified by the sensitivity and comparative analysis. Results The findings prove that the application of the new PLTS evaluation framework in CPL assessment is robust. Discussion We propose specific suggestions for improving the development of common prosperity.
Polarized hyperspectral microscopic imaging for collagen visualization on pathologic slides of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma

We developed a polarized hyperspectral microscope to collect four types of Stokes vector data cubes (S0, S1, S2, and S3) of the pathologic slides with head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC). Our system consists of an optical light microscope with a movable stage, two polarizers, two liquid crystal variable retarders (LCVRs), and a SnapScan hyperspectral camera. The polarizers and LCVRs work in tandem with the hyperspectral camera to acquire polarized hyperspectral images. Synthetic pseudo-RGB images are generated from the four Stokes vector data cubes based on a transformation function similar to the spectral response of human eye for the visualization of hyperspectral images. Collagen is the most abundant extracellular matrix (ECM) protein in the human body. A major focus of studying the ECM in tumor microenvironment is the role of collagen in both normal and abnormal function. Collagen tends to accumulate in and around tumors during cancer development and growth. In this study, we acquired images from normal regions containing normal cells and collagen fibers and from tumor regions containing cancerous squamous cells and collagen fibers on HNSCC pathologic slides. The preliminary results demonstrated that our customized polarized hyperspectral microscope is able to improve the visualization of collagen on HNSCC pathologic slides under different situations, including thick fibers of normal stroma, thin fibers of normal stroma, fibers of normal muscle cells, fibers accumulated in tumors, fibers accumulated around tumors. Our preliminary results also demonstrated that the customized polarized hyperspectral microscope is capable of extracting the spectral signatures of collagen based on Stokes vector parameters and can have various applications in pathology and oncology.
Scattering anomalies in a resonator above the thresholds of the continuous spectrum

We consider the Dirichlet spectral problem for the Laplace operator in a multi-dimensional domain with a cylindrical outlet to infinity, a Helmholtz resonator. Using asymptotic analysis of the scattering matrix we demonstrate different types of reflection of high-amplitude near-threshold waves. One scattering type or another, unstable or stable with respect to variations of the resonator shapes, is determined by the presence or absence of stabilizing solutions at the threshold frequency, respectively. In a waveguide with two cylindrical outlets to infinity, we discover the effect of almost complete passage of the wave under `fine tuning' of the resonator. Bibliography: 26 titles.
A study on advanced detection using DC resistivity method in tunnel

The distribution of the electric field around a tunnel is different from that in full space because of the tunnel-cavity effect.Taking the infinite plate for instance,the distribution of electric field in full space is solved and detection-thickness ratio is presented to discuss the limit of advanced detection.The apparent resistivity can be influenced by on small spacing of electrodes,but the anomaly of geologic-bodies ahead of the tunnel is not screened by the tunnel-cavity's effect.The calculating results of many models show that the place of the anomalous extreme is 5～10 times the plate and influenced by thickness and electric property of the plate.It is difficult to determine exactly the geologic body only using the place of the anomalous extreme.
What the Kalman state variable representation is good for

Various aspects of the classic state variable representation are treated via methods stemming from module theory, and differential algebra. In the nonlinear case it is shown that one should consider implicit equations containing derivations of the input variables. In the linear case, however, it is always possible to keep the Kalman representation for the dynamics. The case of zero dynamics is discussed. <<ETX>>