Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
[Oxidative stress induced by NaAsO2 in HaCaT cells].

OBJECTIVE To study the level of oxidative stress induced by sodium arsenite (NaAsO2) in HaCaT cells. METHODS The AlamarBlue assay was used to evaluate the viability of HaCaT. The level of ROS was detected by staining. cells with DCFH-DA. The contents of reduced (GSH) and oxidated (GSSG) glutathione were detected with the fluorescent method. The apoptosis and necrosis rates were counted based on the PI staining. RESULTS The reduction of AlamarBlue increased in the cells treated at dose of 0.001 -1 micromol/L NaAsO2 and decreased in the cells treated at doses of over 10 micromol/L NaAsO2. The fluorescent density of DCF significantly increased in all experimental groups, the contents of GSH and GSSG increased in groups higher than that of 1 micromol/L and higher than that of 5 micromol/L respectively. The apoptosis and necrosis rates were increased markedly at dose of 20 micromol/L. CONCLUSION Arsenic could induce enhancive ROS in HaCaT. At low levels of arsenic the proliferation of HaCaT was stimulated while at high levels of arsenic was inhibited. The increase in contents of GSH and GSSG could be associated with the excessive ROS and with detoxification in HaCaT.
The benefits of and constraints to participation in seniors’ online communities

Participation in seniors' online communities is a significant trend in elders' leisure use of the Internet. Based on an online survey of 218 members of 16 communities, this study explored the experience of participation in such communities. Results identified seven psychological benefits resulting from participation, the most salient being ‘Joyfulness’, ‘Stimulation’ and ‘Companionship’. Analysis also revealed various positive impacts on members' offline social life, interests and activities, as well as instrumental contribution. Negative experiences and several constraints to participation were discovered as well. Still, the findings suggest that the communities offer various mechanisms for enhancing seniors' well-being and promoting successful ageing.
Cooperative and competitive goal approach to conflict: Accomplishments and challenges.

La theorie et la recherche sur les conflits cooperatif et competitif ont des implications lourdes de consequences pour la gestion des conflits dans les organisations, mais aussi dans les families ou dans les societes. Pour le differencier de la competition, le conflit est defini comme relevant d'activites incompatibles plutot que d'interets opposes. Quand les protagonistes mettent en avant leur interdependance, on s'est apercu qu'ils expriment franchement leurs differents points de vue, examinent et prennent en consideration les avis opposes avec un esprit ouvert et les integrent dans des solutions nouvelles qu'ils appliquent avec conviction. Les recherches experimentales ont enrichi la connaissance de la dynamique de cette contradiction constructive et les travaux dans ce domaine montrent qu'elle a un impact sur la motivation des salaries, le leadership efficace, l'innovation, la qualite du service fourni au client et autres dimensions organisationnelles de premiere importance. II faudra encore beaucoup de recherches et d'elaborations theoriques pour comprendre l'arbitrage des conflits cooperatifs et competitifs, eclaircir les processus qui amenent les protagonistes a decider que leurs objectifs sont prioritairement cooperatifs ou competitifs, illustrer la valeur du conflit competitif et appliquer la theorie dans des champs interculturels. Les defis pratiques imposent de concevoir des procedures valides pour developper le conflit cooperatif, surtout lors de conflits aigus, apparemment insolubles. Le conflit cooperatif est loin d'etre une panacee, mais c'est une facon pertinente de s'attaquer aux differends. Theory and research in cooperative and competitive conflict have potentially important implications for managing conflict in organisations as well as families and societies. To distinguish it from competition, conflict is defined as incompatible activities rather than as opposing interests. To the extent that protagonists emphasise their cooperative interdependence they have been found to express their various views directly, explore and consider opposing positions open-mindedly, and integrate them into new solutions that they are committed to implement. Experimental research has documented these constructive controversy dynamics and field studies have shown that they impact employee commitment, empowering leadership, innovation, quality customer service, and other vital organisational outcomes. Understanding the mediators of cooperative and competitive conflict, illuminating the processes by which protagonists conclude that their goals are predominantly cooperative or competitive, documenting the value of competitive conflict, and applying the theory in cross-cultural settings need much more theorising and research. Practical challenges include developing reliable procedures for cooperative conflict, especially in tough, intractable conflict. Cooperative conflict is far from a simple panacea but it is a viable way to deal with divisions.
Working papers in the theory of action

In the hope of provoking discussion among sociologists, psychologists, philosophers, and psychiatrists interested in social theory, the authors have made available here a set of working papers which constitute an attempt to develop more intensively a systematic theory of action. The papers include discussions of the concept of the superego, the theory of symbolism, and the problem of equilibrium in small groups.
Visual, Lexical, and Contextual Factors Affecting Word Identification During the Reading of Korean

In order to assess the role of visual, lexical, and contextual information on word identification in Korean, a self-paced reading experiment was conducted. The effects of word length (i.e., number of visual features, letters, phonemes, and syllables), frequency of occurrences in printed text, and word predictability were examined. It was found that the number of syllables and the number of visual features affected reading times significantly, but the other sub-lexical units (i.e., phonemes and letters) did not. Word frequency and predictability affected reading times respectively; however, the interaction between these two variables did not. The results imply that Korean word identification during reading can be affected highly by word frequency and relatively weakly by word predictability. Word frequency also interacted with word length, which is consistent with previous studies. It is concluded that in Korean the relevant processing unit, in the context of reading a sentence, is the syllable, taking internal structure variations into account.
Global Patterns and Predictions of Seafloor Biomass Using Random Forests

A comprehensive seafloor biomass and abundance database has been constructed from 24 oceanographic institutions worldwide within the Census of Marine Life (CoML) field projects. The machine-learning algorithm, Random Forests, was employed to model and predict seafloor standing stocks from surface primary production, water-column integrated and export particulate organic matter (POM), seafloor relief, and bottom water properties. The predictive models explain 63% to 88% of stock variance among the major size groups. Individual and composite maps of predicted global seafloor biomass and abundance are generated for bacteria, meiofauna, macrofauna, and megafauna (invertebrates and fishes). Patterns of benthic standing stocks were positive functions of surface primary production and delivery of the particulate organic carbon (POC) flux to the seafloor. At a regional scale, the census maps illustrate that integrated biomass is highest at the poles, on continental margins associated with coastal upwelling and with broad zones associated with equatorial divergence. Lowest values are consistently encountered on the central abyssal plains of major ocean basins The shift of biomass dominance groups with depth is shown to be affected by the decrease in average body size rather than abundance, presumably due to decrease in quantity and quality of food supply. This biomass census and associated maps are vital components of mechanistic deep-sea food web models and global carbon cycling, and as such provide fundamental information that can be incorporated into evidence-based management.
Severe intrauterine growth retardation and atypical diabetes associated with a translocation breakpoint disrupting regulation of the insulin-like growth factor 2 gene.

CONTEXT IGF-II is an imprinted gene (predominantly transcribed from the paternally inherited allele), which has an important role in fetal growth in mice. IGF2 gene expression is regulated by a complex system of enhancers and promoters that determine tissue-specific and development-specific transcription. In mice, enhancers of the IGF2 gene are located up to 260 kb telomeric to the gene. The role of IGF-II in humans is unclear. OBJECTIVE A woman of short adult stature (1.46 m, -3 sd score) born with severe intrauterine growth retardation (1.25 kg at term, -5.4 SD score) and atypical diabetes diagnosed at the age of 23 yr had a balanced chromosomal translocation t(1;11) (p36.22; p15.5). We hypothesized that her phenotype resulted from disruption of her paternally derived IGF2 gene because her daughter who inherited the identical translocation had normal birth weight. DESIGN Both chromosomal break points were identified using fluorescent in situ hybridization. Sequence, methylation, and expression of the IGF2 gene was examined. Hyperinsulinemic, euglycemic clamp with glucose tracers and magnetic resonance imaging of the thorax, abdomen, and pelvis were performed. RESULTS The 11p15.5 break point mapped 184 kb telomeric of the IGF2 gene. Microsatellite markers confirmed paternal origin of this chromosome. IGF2 gene sequence and methylation was normal. IGF2 gene expression was reduced in lymphoblasts. Clamp studies showed marked hepatic and total insulin resistance. Massive excess sc fat was seen on magnetic resonance imaging despite slim body mass index (21.1 kg/m2). CONCLUSIONS A break point 184 kb upstream of the paternally derived IGF2 gene, separating it from some telomeric enhancers, resulted in reduced expression in some mesoderm-derived adult tissues causing intrauterine growth retardation, short stature, lactation failure, and insulin resistance with altered fat distribution.
Civil courage: Implicit theories, related concepts, and measurement

Civil courage is defined as brave behavior accompanied by anger and indignation that intends to enforce societal and ethical norms without considering one's own social costs. It is argued that civil courage is clearly distinguishable from helping behavior and other forms of courage. In this review of both published and unpublished research, we demonstrate that people's implicit theories of civil courage and helping behavior clearly differ. Moreover, it is shown that the number of bystanders and mood affect helping behavior, but not civil courage. Finally, specific determinants of civil courage and its measurement are presented. The more citizens with civil courage a country has, the fewer heroes it will once need Franka Magnani (Frohloff, 2001)
Bandwidth extension of speech signals: a catalyst for the introduction of wideband speech coding?

The restricted audio quality of today's telephone networks is mainly due to the narrowband (NB) limitation to the frequency range from about 300 Hz to 3.4 kHz. Meanwhile, codecs for wideband (WB) telephony (50 Hz to 7 kHz) exist with significantly improved speech intelligibility and naturalness. However, the broad introduction of wideband speech coding requires strong efforts of both network operators and their customers because many elements of the networks (i.e., terminals and network nodes) have to be modified. An intermediate step to overcome the narrowband limitation can be achieved by applying artificial bandwidth extension (BWE) in the receiver. In this article we review the basic principles of bandwidth extension, and discuss several application scenarios in which both wideband coding and BWE complement each other. The introduction of BWE methods in terminals and networks may help to speed up the introduction of true wideband speech coding in the near future
Symbolic Preprocessing for the Numerical Simulation of Multibody Dynamic Systems

The symbolic-numeric computing described here consists of an extensive symbolic pre-processing of systems of differential-algebraic equations (DAE), followed by the numerical integration of the system obtained. The application area is multibody dynamics. We deal symbolically with a DAE system using differentiation and elimination methods to find all the hidden constraints, and produce a system that is leading linear. Then we use LU symbolic decomposition with Large Expression Management (LEM) to solve this leading linear system and get an explicit ODE system. Then we use the Maple command dsolve to get the numeric solution without unveiling the system, i.e. we numerically integrate the ODE system using the computation sequence, which is good for avoiding the expression explosion problem symbolically.
How beneficent is the market? A look at the modern history of mortality.

A short answer is, not very. In contrast to economic growth, where the free market is commonly viewed as a prime mover, mortality in the last two centuries has not been greatly helped by market forces. The classic sources of market failure â€“ information failures, externalities, public goods, principal-agent, and free rider problems â€“ have been pervasive. Nor has economic growth itself been behind the worldwide improvement in life expectancy. In the primitive state of nineteenth century health knowledge, the immense rise in urbanisation engendered by economic growth largely vitiated any positive level-of-living effects by increasing exposure to disease. Instead, public policy initiatives, based on new knowledge of disease and new institutions, have been essential to the improvement of life expectancy, both in urban areas and nationwide.Sweepings from butchers' stalls, dung, guts, and blood, Drowned puppies, stinking sprats, all drenched in mud, Dead cats, and turnip tops, come tumbling down the flood. â€“ Jonathan Swift, A Description of a City Shower, 1710
Global Current Account Imbalances: American Fiscal Policy versus East Asian Savings

We consider the origins of global current account imbalances. We first discuss how the expansion of the US current account deficit and the decrease in global real interest rates can be reconciled with the widespread view that American expansionary fiscal policy is partly the source of current trends. We then investigate empirically the medium-term determinants of the current account using a model that controls for factors related to institutional development. In addition to the conventional macroeconomic factors, we examine a series of environmental factors, including the degree of financial openness and the extent of legal development. We find that for industrial countries, the government budget balance is an important determinant of the current account balance; the budget balance coefficient is 0.10 to 0.49 depending on model specifications. These varying estimates lead us to conclude that fiscal factors might be as important as excess savings arising from East Asia.
Acute Effects of Continuous Positive Airway Pressure (CPAP) on Cardiovascular Responses in Healthy Subjects- A Single-Subject Experimental Design -

Objective: Thus the aim of the present study was to investigate the effects acute cardiovascular of Continuous Positive Airway Pressure (CPAP) utilization in healthy subjects. Materials and methods: On the third day, subjects rested the at the sitting position for 45 min, 15 min a respiratory frequency of 15 breath for minute without CPAP, and then 15 minutes with a positive pressure of 20 cmH2O and PEEP of 15 cmH2O with a face silicone mask. During the last 15 min volunteers rested quietly breathing again without CPAP. Blood pressure (BP) was measured by the auscultatory method every five minutes on the right arm and heart rate (HR) was obtained beat-by-beat by a R-R recorder (S810 Polar®, Finland). HR times series were processed by a specific algorithm developed in MATLAB® for time and frequency domain analysis. A two-way analysis of variance for repeated measures was used verify the effects of CPAP on BP and HR with or without positive pressure, and a Tukey test for post hoc comparisons. Statistical significance was accepted for p
Secure Transmission with Hybrid Relay Scheme: Relaying and Jamming

In this paper, secure transmission is considered in a wireless relay network in the presence of an eavesdropper. A novel hybrid relay scheme, named as relaying-and-jamming (RJ), is advocated to achieve information theoretical security. In the RJ scheme, the relay node is equipped with multiple antennas. It responses for two missions: re-transmitting the information signal from source code and broadcasting the jamming signal to degrade eavesdropper's channel. The objective of this paper is to maximize the achievable ergodic secrecy rate. We are interested in the scenario that eavesdropper's instant channel state information (CSI) is unknown, in which the ergodic secrecy rate expression is derived. The optimal power allocation between information signal and jamming signal at the relay node is found statistically to achieve the largest ergodic secrecy rate. Simulation is carefully designed and respective results are presented to confirm the theoretical analysis and compare with existing work.
Measurement of Health‐Related Quality of Life in the Care of Patients with ESRD: Isn’t This the Metric That Matters?

An outcome can take many forms in the health care of an individual. Common measures in clinical research may include mortality, time to ESRD, or change in glomerular filtration rate. While a patient surely may share an interest with a clinician regarding these endpoints, individual life priorities expectedly vary. Outcomes of great value to a clinician (or their performance quality measures) may not be shared by their patient. While continued education and efforts in effective communication may help each party understand the reasons behind these differences, the time required to foster such dialogues remains a major hurdle for most clinicians. Through the use of contemporary computers such as smartphones, tablets, and laptops, healthcare providers can gain meaningful insight from patient‐reported data such as pain, sleep, and sexual function. This review will detail how carefully constructed questionnaires with equivalent reliability as long annual surveys, such as KDQOL, can be more quickly completed by using novel technology, which can be transmitted from the patient to the clinician and back to the bedside in minutes rather than in weeks.
Evaluation of IgE Antibodies to Recombinant Peanut Allergens in Patients with Reported Reactions to Peanut

Background: Peanut may cause severe reactions in allergic individuals. The objective was to evaluate IgE antibodies to various recombinant (r) peanut and birch pollen allergens in relation to IgE levels to whole peanut extract and severe allergic reactions to peanut. Methods: Seventy-four Swedish peanut-allergic patients (age: 14–61 years) reported previous peanut exposure and associated symptoms using a questionnaire. Their IgE reactivity to peanut, birch pollen and individual allergen components was analyzed using ImmunoCAP®. Results: Of the 48 subjects sensitized to Ara h 1, 2 or 3, 60% had peanut-specific IgE levels >15 kUA/l, while 100% of the subjects without detectable IgE to these allergens had low peanut-specific IgE levels (<10 kUA/l). The levels of IgE to rAra h 8, rBet v 1 and birch pollen were highly correlated (rS = 0.94, p < 0.0001). Fifty-eight patients reported adverse reactions after accidental or deliberate peanut exposure (oral, inhalation or skin) of whom 41 had IgE to rAra h 1, 2 or 3. Symptoms of respiratory distress were associated with sensitization to Ara h 1, 2 or 3 (56 vs. 18%, p < 0.01). Two cases of anaphylaxis were reported among the individuals sensitized to Ara h 1–3. IgE to rAra h 8, rAra h 9, profilin or cross-reactive carbohydrate determinants were not associated with severe symptoms. Conclusions: The results indicate that IgE reactivity to Ara h 1, 2 and 3 is associated with severe reactions after exposure to peanut in Swedish patients.
Influence de stimuli olfactifs dans une tâche d' evaluation hédonique de couleurs: les yeux voient ce que le nez sent

This work shows the influence of odour condition in a hedonic evaluation task of colour. Perceptive effects of colours on the perception of odours are already known. This research is focused on the opposite cross-modal effect of the olfactory system on the visual system. During two pre experiments six colours (three pleasant/three unpleasant) and two odours (one pleasant/one unpleasant) were selected. In the main experiment 60 participants evaluate the six colours. In this experiment colour was coupled to three olfactory conditions (match/without odour/mismatch). The results show significant effects of colour and of interaction between colour and the coupled olfactory condition. The results are discussed with theories of the perception that include a cross-modal simulator in their fundamental processes.
Integration of Retinal and Extraretinal Information across Eye Movements

Visual perception is burdened with a highly discontinuous input stream arising from saccadic eye movements. For successful integration into a coherent representation, the visuomotor system needs to deal with these self-induced perceptual changes and distinguish them from external motion. Forward models are one way to solve this problem where the brain uses internal monitoring signals associated with oculomotor commands to predict the visual consequences of corresponding eye movements during active exploration. Visual scenes typically contain a rich structure of spatial relational information, providing additional cues that may help disambiguate self-induced from external changes of perceptual input. We reasoned that a weighted integration of these two inherently noisy sources of information should lead to better perceptual estimates. Volunteer subjects performed a simple perceptual decision on the apparent displacement of a visual target, jumping unpredictably in sync with a saccadic eye movement. In a critical test condition, the target was presented together with a flanker object, where perceptual decisions could take into account the spatial distance between target and flanker object. Here, precision was better compared to control conditions in which target displacements could only be estimated from either extraretinal or visual relational information alone. Our findings suggest that under natural conditions, integration of visual space across eye movements is based upon close to optimal integration of both retinal and extraretinal pieces of information.
Resolving Demonstrative Anaphora in the TRAINS93 Corpus

This paper reports the results of a first-pass annotation exercise of third-person pronouns in the TRAINS spoken dialog corpus. Our research goal is to disambiguate demonstrative pronouns that/this, and the annotation project is undertaken with the intent to find surface features that can be used to strongly prefer/disprefer certain potential referents. Pragmatic differences between demonstrative pronouns and definite pronouns are also discussed. An analysis of the annotation data uncovered many statistically significant patterns that can be used to determine when a pronoun might be referring to an entity in the global focus, such as the plan or a discourse segment, versus an item in the task domain, such as an engine. These patterns can be used to constrain the search space in a reference resolution algorithm that resolves reference to both task and global-focus entities using only easy-to-compute syntactic features.