Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Enhancement of harvesting efficiency and polyunsaturated fatty acid-rich lipid production of Aurantiochytrium sp. SW1 by co-cultivation with oleaginous fungus Cunninghamella bainieri 2A1

Aims: Thraustochytrids have been shown to be excellent lipid producers due to their ability to accumulate over 50% lipid (g/g biomass) containing up to 50% docosahexaenoic acid (DHA). However, efficient and cost-effective cell recovery of lipid-rich biomass has become a significant challenge at the industrial scale. In this study, we attempted to enhance the harvesting efficiency (HE) and the DHA content of Aurantiochytrium sp. through co-cultivation with a γ-linolenic acid (GLA)-producing oleaginous filamentous fungus, Cunninghamella bainieri 2A1. Methodology and results: A 72 h old C. bainieri 2A1 culture in the form of loose mycelia or pellets of various sizes was added into 72 h old Aurantiochytrium sp. cultures and further incubated for 48 h. The HE of Aurantiochytrium sp. was then determined by comparing the remaining OD values of the supernatant with and without minimal centrifugation at 4000× g. Results showed that 63.23% of HE was achieved without centrifugation from co-cultivation with dispersed mycelia. Higher HE between 96.71–99.55% was achieved when centrifugation was implemented, with the highest value resulting from co-cultivation with dispersed mycelia. These are higher than HE of centrifuged control cultures (80%) consisting of Aurantiochytrium sp. monocultures, suggesting that co-cultivation with C. bainieri 2A1 facilitates the recovery of Aurantiochytrium sp. cells. Moreover, the co-cultivation also resulted in a 28% increase in DHA compared to non-optimized cultures. Conclusion, significance and impact of study: This study provides the first evidence of enhancement in harvesting and DHA content of oleaginous thraustochytrids that could be achieved through co-cultivation with oleaginous fungi.
Effect of applied toroidal electric field on the growth/decay of plateau-phase runaway electron currents in DIII-D

Large relativistic runaway electron currents (0.1–0.5 MA) persisting for ∼100 ms are created in the DIII-D tokamak during rapid discharge shut down caused by argon pellet injection. Slow upward and downward ramps in runaway currents were found in response to externally applied loop voltages. Comparison between the observed current growth/decay rate and the rate expected from the knock-on avalanche mechanism suggests that classical collisional dissipation of runaways alone cannot account for the measured growth/damping rates. It appears that a fairly constant anomalous dissipation rate of order 10 s−1 exists, possibly stemming from radial transport or direct orbit losses to the vessel walls, although the possibility of an apparent loss due to current profile shrinking cannot be ruled out at present.
SIMULATION OF TURBULENT COMBUSTION IN A SMALL-SCALE OBSTRUCTED CHAMBER USING FLAMEFOAM

Dynamic overpressures achieved during the combustion are related to the acceleration experienced by the propagating flame. In the case of premixed turbulent combustion in an obstructed geometry, obstacles in the direction of flow result in a complex flame front interaction with the turbulence generated ahead of it. The interaction of flame front and vortex significantly affect the burning rate, the rate of pressure rise and achieved overpressure, the geometry of accelerating flame front and resulting structures in the flow field. Laboratory-scale premixed turbulent combustion experiments are convenient for the study of flame acceleration by obstacles in higher resolution. This paper presents numerical simulations of hydrogen-air mixture combustion experiments performed in the University of Sydney small-scale combustion chamber. The simulations were performed using flameFoam – an open-source premixed turbulent combustion solver, based on OpenFOAM. The experimental and numerical pressure evolutions are compared. Furthermore, flow structures, which develop due to the interaction between the obstacles and the flow, are investigated with different obstacle configurations.
A Near‐Infrared–selected Galaxy Redshift Survey

This thesis presents work on galaxy evolution at redshifts 0 < z < 1.5 from a near-infrared selected galaxy redshift survey and much larger optically selected galaxy catalogues where distances were derived from photometric redshifts. Changes in the galaxy population are characterised by the evolution of luminosity functions, luminosity density, star-formation rate density and specific star-formation rate. We find that the galaxy luminosity function changes with increasing redshift in the sense that the characteristic luminosity increases but the number density decreases. This effect is smaller at rest-frame near-infrared wavelengths and gets more pronounced at shorter wavelengths. Furthermore, we use the specific star-formation rate to investigate the build-up of stellar mass in galaxies showing that the most massive galaxies formed the bulk of their stellar population at very early times whereas low-mass galaxies still show ongoing (maybe episodic) star-formation activity.
d − ¯ u Flavor Asymmetry in the Proton in Chiral Effective Field Theory

The ¯ d − ¯ u ﬂavor asymmetry in the proton arising from pion loops is computed using chiral effective ﬁeld theory. The calculation includes both nucleon and Δ intermediate states, and uses both the fully relativistic and heavy baryon frameworks. The x dependence of ¯ d − ¯ u extracted from the Fermilab E866 Drell–Yan data can be well reproduced in terms of a single transverse momentum cutoff parameter regulating the ultraviolet behavior of the loop integrals. In addition to the distribution at x > 0, corrections to the integrated asymmetry from zero momentum contributions are computed, which arise from pion rainbow and bubble diagrams at x = 0. These have not been accounted for in previous analyses, and can make important contributions to the lowest moment of ¯ d − ¯ u .
Continuing Vocational (Firm-Specific) Training and Human Resource Management

This paper investigates the question if productivity effects of vocational and especially firm-specific training can be raised by exploiting complementary relationships between training and Human Resource Management practices. For this purpose an econometrical model (cross-section and panel) is conducted on the basis IAB Establishment Panel using the waves between 2002 and 2005. Although there is an extensive literature on the effects of training on an enterprise’s productivity as well as some literature on complementarities between HRM Practices (including training) the effect of a coherent system of HRM practices on different training forms (general/specific) is under-researched, especially in Germany. The initial points of this paper are the theory-contradicting empirical findings that firm-specific training has a lower (partly insignificant) effect on firm’s productivity than general training. The theoretical basis which would suggest contrary empirical outcomes is the knowledge-based view (and its roots: resource- and capability-based view). Within this paper possible knowledge barriers of an individual knowledge keeper are presented as the latter one plays a decisive role within rather informal training forms in whose context predominantly firm-specific knowledge is transferred. Based on these barriers several Human Resource Management measures can be identified as a remedy. Within this paper bundles of them are tested regarding their complementary relationship to (firm-specific) training and their possibility to improve (firm-specific) training’s contribution to productivity. The econometrical analysis cannot corroborate this paper’s hypothesis that the individual-based barriers of knowledge transfer can be reduced by a combination of a coherent system of Human Resource Management Practices and thus (firm-specific) training’s productivity effect can be raised. However, it can be stated that HRM measures have a positive and significant complementary effect on general as well as on general and specific training.
Production Reaction of ¯ K N N – π Y N Resonance from Faddeev Equations

As a ﬁrst step toward clarifying whether the strange dibaryon resonances in the ¯ K N N – π Y N system can emerge with a physical significance in the nuclear-reaction observables, we compute the break-up probability of Y K + N → π + (cid:3) + N at real scattering energies by solving ¯ K N N – π Y N coupled-channel Alt–Grassberger–Sandhas equations. We examine how the signature of the dibaryon resonance shows up in the probability, and also discuss the possibility for a use of strange dibaryon production reactions to distinguish two-body-interaction models with (cid:4)( 1405 ) .
Phase transformations and equation of state of praseodymium metal to 103 GPa

Pressure-induced structural phase transformations in a trivalent rare-earth metal praseodymium (Pr) were studied at room temperature in a diamond anvil cell to 103 GPa by energy dispersive x-ray diffraction using a synchrotron source. Our x-ray diffraction studies document the following crystal structure sequence: dhcp{yields}fcc{yields}distorted fcc(hR24 type){yields}monoclinic(C2/m){yields}{alpha}-uranium with increasing pressure. We measure a 16.7% volume collapse at the transition to the {alpha}-uranium phase at 20 GPa. The high-pressure {alpha}-uranium phase in Pr was found to be stable to the highest pressure of 103 GPa, which corresponds to a volume compression V/V{sub 0}=0.407. (c) 2000 The American Physical Society.
Moment-angle complexes of pairs ( D n , S n − 1 ) and Simplicial complexes with vertex-decomposable duals

We study for a ﬁnite simplicial complex K and a CW-pair ( X , A ) the associated CW-complex Z K ( X , A ) , known as the polyhedral product or generalized moment angle-complex. We apply discrete Morse theory to a particular CW-structure on the n -sphere moment-angle complexes Z K ( D n , S n − 1 ) . For the class of simplicial complexes with vertex-decomposable duals, we show that the associated n -sphere moment-angle complexes have the homotopy type of wedges of spheres. As a corollary we show that a sufﬁciently high suspension of any restriction of a simplicial complex with the vertex-decomposable dual is homotopy equivalent to a wedge of spheres.
Characteristic Curves based on 3D Non-isothermal Flow Computations in Single-screw Extruder for Non-Newtonian Fluids

Abstract This paper presents numerical applications of a finite-volume method to steady three-dimensional non-isothermal inertial flows in geometries related to a single-screw extruder, with the purpose to provide characteristic curves related to rheological parameters, geometrical and operating conditions. We consider incompressible fluids obeying Newtonian, non-Newtonian Carreau-Yasuda equations with different shear-thinning properties. The temperature dependence is described by a Williams-Landel-Ferry (WLF) equation. For discretizing the equations and unknowns, we use a staggered grid and solve the set of governing equations by a decoupled algorithm. The numerical results are presented in different gap conditions and allow us to state the rheological parameters, the screw parameters and the rotational velocity on the flow characteristics in a screw-barrel system.
'Pseudo-acoustic' magnon dispersion in yttrium iron garnet

Neutron spectroscopy measurements have confirmed an earlier intimation of an 'anomalous' anisotropy in the dispersion of 'acoustic magnon like' excitations in yttrium iron garnet Y3Fe5O12. The present experiments have shown this anisotropy to be large and intricate, with energies at a fixed excitation wavelength 25AA, varying from 5 to 20 meV. A contention that such anisotropy might arise from strong magnon-phonon coupling effects is not supported by experimental investigation of (i) a spin-reorientation transition in Tb0.3Y27Fe5O12 or (ii) applying variously directed magnetic fields to YIG itself. The experimental dispersion curves are replicated instead by linear spin-wave theory, with fitted values for all exchange interactions J1ad, J2ad, J3ad, J1aa, Delta 1aa, J2aa, J3aa, J1dd, J2dd, J3dd, J4dd, J5dd closer than a/2 approximately 6.2 AA. In this new model, the experimentally observed 'acoustic magnon' anisotropy is attributed to a complex coexistence of acoustic and low-energy optic magnon branches: ensuing computations suggest that possible 'soft modes' of such 'pseudo-acoustic' branches may relate to previously reported 'cantings' of the ferrimagnetic structure in various substituted garnets. The new model also helps in understanding some reported anomalies in existing magnetisation, specific heat and microwave measurements.
On the integrability of power series

In the present note we obtain a generalization of certain results of Woyczyniski [7] concerning equivalence of some statements pertaining to integrability of power series. 1. A nondecreasing continuous real valued function (D defined on the nonnegative half line and vanishing only at the origin will be called an Orlicz function. Function (D E OF is said to satisfy A,, (? t>O) condition for large u if there are constants c>O and u0>0 such that (ocu)? cFD(u), u>uo. A convex Orlicz function 4) satisfying the conditions (D(U) (~~~~1'(u) lim = 0 and lim =ox u-O u u-oo U is called a Young function (YF). Function (D belongs to YF iff it admits a representation 4)(u) +(t) dt, where +(t), t>O, is positive, f(0)=O, continuous on the right, nondecreasing and limt, f+(t)= xo. We denote by M the class of Orlicz functions (D which satisfy the following condition of Mulholland [3]. There exist a convex function A, A> 1 and 0 O, an+l O [5]. Let L,,(X, ,), where 'D E zA, be the Orlicz space, i.e. the set of all complex valued measurable functions f on a measure space (X, ,u) such that the modular Sx (D(jf(x)i) dy is finite. In this paper the Hardy-Orlicz space H,0 is meant simply to be a closed subset of L,((O, 27T), cdx) spanned over trigonometric polynomials of the form N f (t) = aneft. Received by the editors March 8, 1973. AMS (MOS) subject classifications (1970). Primary 42A32; Secondary 42A1 6.
Bias in (sero)prevalence estimates

Thousands of studies of SARS-CoV-2 seroprevalence have been published since the beginning of the pandemic. Researchers have reported a range of methods used to estimate seroprevalence from study data. Because diagnostic tests are imperfect, false negatives and false positives can be expected, as typically described by a test's sensitivity and specificity. A number of methods exist in the statistical literature to correctly estimate disease prevalence in the presence of test misclassification, but these methods seem to be less known and not routinely used in the epidemiology literature. Using straightforward calculations, we estimated the amount of bias introduced when reporting the proportion of positive test results instead of using sensitivity and specificity to estimate disease prevalence. We also derive a range of disease prevalence, given sensitivity and specificity, where this bias is within desired tolerances. Expected bias is often more than is desired in practice. We apply these results a recent school-based cohort study of COVID-19 in children in Switzerland. We conclude with some tips on software packages which may be used to compute less biased seroprevalence estimates.
Interpretable Detection of Epiretinal Membrane from Optical Coherence Tomography with Deep Neural Networks

Purpose: To automatically detect epiretinal membranes (ERM) in various OCT scans of the central and paracentral macula region and classify them by size using deep neural networks (DNNs). Methods: 11,061 OCT-images of 624 volume OCT scans (624 eyes of 461 patients) were included and graded according to the presence of an ERM and its size (small 100-1000m, large >1000m). The data set was divided into training, validation and test sets (comprising of 75%, 10%, 15% of the data, respectively). An ensemble of DNNs was trained and saliency maps were generated using Guided Backprob. OCT-scans were also transformed into a one-dimensional-value using t-SNE analysis. Results: The DNNs' receiver-operating-characteristics on the test set showed a high performance for no ERM, small ERM and large ERM cases (AUC: 0.99, 0.92, 0.99, respectively; 3-way accuracy: 89% ), with small ERMs being the most difficult ones to detect. t-SNE analysis sorted cases by size and, in particular, revealed increased classification uncertainty at the transitions between groups. Saliency maps reliably highlighted ERM, regardless of the presence of other OCT features (i.e. retinal thickening, intraretinal pseudo- cysts, epiretinal proliferation) and entities such as ERM-retinoschisis, macular pseudohole and lamellar macular hole. Conclusion: DNNs can reliably detect and grade ERMs according to their size not only in the fovea but also in the paracentral region. This is also achieved in cases of hard-to-detect, small ERMs. In addition, the generated saliency maps can be used effectively to highlight small ERMs that might otherwise be missed. The proposed model could be used for screening programs or decision support systems in the future.
Preliminary exploration of facial electromyographic indices of pain in people undergoing hand surgery

Assessing pain levels in real-world conditions, such as during active surgery, can be challenging. Self-reports, often considered globally as "ground truth" can be unreliable, episodic and ill-suited to routine monitoring or use with non-verbal patients. Lately, physiological measurements have been explored as an objective method for assessing the symptoms of pain increase on the body. We investigated the effects of pain (high pain) using a facial mask - emteqPRO, equipped with seven facial electromyographic (fEMG) sensors. Our aims were to: (i) investigate the efficacy of continuous physiological monitoring within surgery at a hospital environment, and (ii) to produce initial findings and show how pain increases affects the data from fEMG sensors.
Ultrathin HfO2/Al2O3 bilayer based reliable 1T1R RRAM electronic synapses with low power consumption for neuromorphic computing

Neuromorphic computing requires highly reliable and low power consumption electronic synapses. Complementary-metal-oxide-semiconductor (CMOS) compatible HfO2 based memristors are a strong candidate despite of challenges like non-optimized material engineering and device structures. We report here CMOS integrated 1-transistor-1-resistor (1T1R) electronic synapses with ultrathin HfO2/Al2O3 bilayer stacks (<5.5 nm) with high-performances. The layer thicknesses were optimized using statistically extensive electrical studies and the optimized HfO2(3 nm)/ Al2O3(1.5 nm) sample shows the high reliability of 600 DC cycles, the low Set voltage of ∼0.15 V and the low operation current of ∼6 µA. Electron transport mechanisms under cycling operation of single-layer HfO2 and bilayer HfO2/Al2O3 samples were compared, and it turned out that the inserted thin Al2O3 layer results in stable ionic conduction. Compared to the single layer HfO2 stack with almost the same thickness, the superiorities of HfO2/Al2O3 1T1R resistive random access memory (RRAM) devices in electronic synapse were thoroughly clarified, such as better DC analog switching and continuous conductance distribution in a larger regulated range (0–700 µS). Using the proposed bilayer HfO2/Al2O3 devices, a recognition accuracy of 95.6% of MNIST dataset was achieved. These results highlight the promising role of the ultrathin HfO2/Al2O3 bilayer RRAM devices in the application of high-performance neuromorphic computing.
APPROXIMATION WITH JACOBI WEIGHTS BY BASKAKOV OPERATORS

Using the modulus of smoothness $\omega_{\varphi^{\lambda}}^{2}(f,t)_{\omega}$, direct theorem with Jacobi weights of Baskakov operators is established in this paper; In addition, a weak-type inverse theorem of Baskakov operators is obtained in the weighted norm.
Diffuse X-ray emission from the NGC 2300 group of galaxies - Implications for dark matter and galaxy evolution in small groups

The discovery of diffuse X-ray emission from the NGC 2300 group of galaxies using the ROSAT Position Sensitive Proportional Counter is reported. The gas distributions is roughly symmetric and extends to a radius of at least 0.2/h(50) Mpc. A Raymond-Smith hot plasma model provides an excellent fit the X-ray spectrum with a best-fit value temperature of 0.9 + -/15 or - 0.14 keV and abundance 0.06 + 0/. 12 or - 0.05 solar. The assumption of gravitational confinement leads to a total mass of the group of 3.0 + 0.4 or - 0.5 x 10 exp 13 solar. Baryons can reasonably account for 4 percent of this mass, and errors could push this number not higher than 10-15 percent. This is one of the strongest pieces of evidence that dark matter dominates small groups such as this one. The intragroup medium in this system has the lowest metal abundance yet found in diffuse gas in a group or cluster.
Pulse-regime single-mode operation of antiwaveguide photonic-crystal 1300-nm VCSEL

A self-consistent pulse-operation model of an InP-based 1300-nm AlInGaAs vertical-cavity surface-emitting diode laser with filled-photonic-crystal is presented. It is shown that low threshold characteristics and strong transverse-mode discrimination can be simultaneously achieved for optimized photonic crystal structure for broad optical apertures.
Sliding mode control on electro-mechanical systems

The first sliding mode control application may be found in the papers back in the 1930s in Russia. With its versatile yet simple design procedure the methodology is proven to be one of the most powerful solutions for many practical control designs. For the sake of demonstration this paper is oriented towards application aspects of sliding mode control methodology. First the design approach based on the regularization is generalized for mechanical systems. It is shown that stability of zero dynamics should be taken into account when the regular form consists of blocks of second-order equations. Majority of applications in the paper are related to control and estimation methods of automotive industry. New theoretical methods are developed in the context of these studies: sliding made nonlinear observers, observers with binary measurements, parameter estimation in systems with sliding mode control.