Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Dye molecules as single-photon sources and large optical nonlinearities on a chip

We point out that individual organic dye molecules, deposited close to optical waveguides on a photonic chip, can act as single-photon sources. A thin silicon nitride strip waveguide is expected to collect 28% of the photons from a single dibenzoterrylene molecule. These molecules can also provide large, localized optical nonlinearities, which are enough to discriminate between one photon or two through a differential phase shift of 2° per photon. This new atom–photon interface may be used as a resource for processing quantum information.
Identifiability of linear time-invariant differential-algebraic systems, using generalized Markov parameters

A method for testing the identifiability of linear time-invariant differential algebraic equation systems based on generalized Markov parameters is proposed by S. Vajda (1985) for ordinarily differential equation systems. The generalized Markov parameters are computed, and their connection to identifiability is discussed. Necessary and sufficient conditions for identifiability of linear time-invariant differential algebraic systems are given. Finally, an idealized gas-phase chemical reactor is used to demonstrate the method.
Study on edge extraction methods of the droplet image profile

It is a key technology to detect the edge of the droplet profile exactly for application in drop volume calculation, liquid target identification and liquid characteristics analysis. The droplet images in various stages during the drop growth are firstly acquired and stored real-timely through ICCD. After a series of preprocessing, including image cutting, noise filtering, image segmentation and filling, a proper edge detection method is chosen to extract the droplet image profile. The principle and algorithm of some classical and newly developed methods for edge detection are introduced and compared in detail, such as differential operator, Laplacian operator, improved Canny operator, wavelet transformation, mathematical morphology, fuzzy operator and fractal geometry. Wavelet transformation can be used effectively for extracting the droplet image profile, because of its advantages of multiple resolution, focus variation and edge enhancement. The image records of the droplet formation and the detected profile curves are presented.
An Analytic Study on Time-Fractional Fisher Equation using Homotopy Perturbation Method

In this paper, the homotopy perturbation method (HPM) is effectively applied to obtain the approximate analytic solutions of the time-fractional Fisher equation (TFFE) with initial conditions. The fractional derivatives are described in the Caputo sense. The initial approximation can be determined by imposing the initial conditions. Some examples are given. Numerical results show that the HPM is easy to implement and is accurate when applied to TFFE. doi: 10.14456/WJST.2014. 72
Numerical simulation of unsteady multidimensional free surface motions by level set method

This paper presents a numerical method that couples the incompressible Navier–Stokes equations with the level set method in a curvilinear co‐ordinate system for study of free surface flows. The finite volume method is used to discretize the governing equations on a non‐staggered grid with a four‐step fractional step method. The free surface flow problem is converted into a two‐phase flow system on a fixed grid in which the free surface is implicitly captured by the zero level set. We compare different numerical schemes for advection of the level set function in a generalized curvilinear format, including the third order quadratic upwind interpolation for convective kinematics (QUICK) scheme, and the second and third order essentially non‐oscillatory (ENO) schemes. The level set equations of evolution and reinitialization are validated with benchmark cases, e.g. a stationary circle, a rotating slotted disk and stretching of a circular fluid element. The coupled system is then applied to a travelling solitary wave, and two‐ and three‐dimensional dam breaking problems. Some interesting free surface phenomena are revealed by the computational results, such as, the large free surface vortices, air entrapment and splashing of the water surge front. The computational results are in excellent agreement with theoretical predictions and experimental data, where they are available. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Geometric efficiency of a rotating slit-collimator for improved planar gamma-camera imaging

Derives several expressions for the geometric efficiency of a rotating collimator, comprising a set of parallel slits, for a gamma camera. These expressions represent approximate analytic formulae under specific geometric conditions for which an algebraic analysis can be made. The expressions are limiting cases and have been validated by numerical computation for some specific cases.
The role of the exogenous randomness in the identification of conditional models

This paper contributes to the construction of a general theory for conditional models by making explicit the role of the exogenous randomness in the identification of conditional models. We start with a definition of identification in conditional models called weak identification, derived from the usual concept of identification in unconditional statistical models. A first theorem shows that such a natural definition coincides, under a separability condition, with that one repeatedly met in the statistical literature. The role of the exogenous randomness is next examined from two perspectives. Firstly by characterizing the probability that the realization of the exogenous variables provides the identification of the parameter of interest. We display a hierarchy of four levels of identification in conditional models and show that the weakest level may entertain rather peculiar properties, in particular about the role of the sample size. Secondly, we look at identification as a necessary condition for the existence of an estimator with suitable properties. Several theorems relate the different levels of identification with the existence of estimators enjoying properties of unbiasedness or consistency at corresponding levels. Several examples illustrate these properties and conclusions are drawn concerning some implications for model building.
The relationship between the properties of PAHs and AGN activities in type-I AGNs

In order to explore the relationship between properties of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons (PAHs) and AGN activities in Type-I AGNs, we compiled a sample of 47 Type-I AGNs with measured PAH 11.3 μm and 7.7 μm emission lines. The PAH emission and optical properties of these AGNs are taken from the literature. It is found that the equivalent width (EW) of 11.3 μm emission from PAHs shows a weak correlation with the ratio of the EWs of the FeII complex between λ4434 and λ4684 to Hβ (RFe). The PAH 11.3/7.7 ratio is correlated with various elements defined by the first eigenvector space, which are RFe, [OIII]λ5007 luminosity and Hβ asymmetry. These correlations infer that AGNs with high RFe, weak [OIII] emission and a strong Hβ blue-wing are likely to have low PAH ionization, and hence a larger amount of neutral PAHs.
Numerical Simulation of Blade-Wake Interaction of Vertical Axis Tidal Turbine

To study the blade-wake interaction of vertical axis tidal turbine (VATT)，particles were placed in the flow field to trace blade wake during numerical simulation. Numerical simulations were conducted utilizing Euler-Lagrange model. In the simulations, the continuous phase was solved by Reynolds-averaged Navier-Stocks(RANS) equation combined with SST turbulence model and the particle trajectories of the dispersed phase were determined by momentum equation. Numerical results of predicting instantaneous blade forces and blade wakes showed good agreement with the test data. The model was also compared with previous classic free vortex model (V-DART), vortex method combined with finite element analysis (FEVDTM) and 2-D vortex panel model (VPM2D). It showed that the present model was much better than the former.
Improvements on the electrical and luminescent properties of reactive molecular beam epitaxially grown GaN films by using AlN‐coated sapphire substrates

The electrical and luminescent properties of the GaN epitaxial films grown on AlN‐coated sapphire by reactive molecular beam epitaxy have been studied. The GaN films on AlN epitaxial films have larger Hall mobilities and show more intense cathodoluminescence peaks at a wavelength of 360 nm than those of the GaN films grown directly on sapphire, which suggests that the crystal qualities of GaN films are improved by use of AlN‐coated sapphire as substrates. The lattice matching and small difference of the thermal expansion coefficients between GaN and AlN are considered to result in the improvements.
H-modes on Alcator C-Mod

H-modes exhibiting improved confinement above the L-mode are achieved in Alcator C-Mod with ICRF and with ohmic heating alone without boronization. Both ELM-free and ELMy H-modes are obtained with total input power from 0.75 to 4.2 MW over a range of densities (0.8 to ) and toroidal fields (3 to 8 T). Type III ELMs are often observed to have coherent, high m and n precursor oscillations with frequencies of 100 - 160 kHz. The threshold power required to achieve the H-mode increases with density and toroidal field, in rough agreement with scalings derived from other tokamaks. The power densities and density times toroidal field products are an order of magnitude larger than in other tokamaks, in the range of values expected for ITER. The L - H and H - L transitions occur at approximately the same edge electron temperature. A low density limit to the H-mode is found at about . A high midplane neutral pressure limit of about 0.6 mTorr is also observed.
Thin film microbatteries prepared by pulsed laser deposition

There is a growing interest in thin film microbatteries due to miniaturization of electronic devices. The reduction in current and power consumptions of electronic devices makes microbatteries possible as power sources. Hence, if micro-scale thin-film batteries are to be developed, a suitable fabrication processing technique for thin-film cathodes, anodes and electrolytes becomes crucial. Among various thin film deposition techniques, pulsed laser deposition (PLD) is a relatively flexible and powerful technique for preparing high quality and dense thin-film electrodes on a laboratory scale. This paper reviews recent developments in the fabrication of thin-film electrodes by using PLD.
Collegiate soccer players consistently underestimate practice sweat losses regardless of practice sweat loss volume

Soccer play in hot environments can result in major fluid deficit. If competitors are unsure of their sweat losses, accurate fluid intake needs during and between training bouts cannot be established. This study evaluated sweat loss estimation accuracy among collegiate male soccer players (n = 17) following three, 90-minute practice ses- sions in the heat. Data were collected during the last week of pre-season training during a morning (P1; wet bulb globe temperature (WBGT) = 31.2 °C) and same day afternoon (P2; WBGT = 26.9 °C) practice. The third estimation took place after a regular season morning practice (P3; WBGT = 31.5 °C) the following week. Change in nude body mass, with adjustment for fluid intake and urine output, from pre- to post-practice was assessed to determine sweat loss volume. After each practice participants estimated their sweat loss volume by filling cups with a vol- ume of water equivalent to the volume of sweat they believed they lost during the practice session. Sweat losses differed (p < 0.05) among all 3 practices (P1 2.181 ± 0.693; P2 1.706 ± 0.474; P 3.360 ± 0.956 L). Estimated sweat loss volume was less (p < 0.001) than actual sweat losses for P1 (0.804 ± 0.329 L; 40.2 ± 21.5%), P2 (0.672 ± 0.324 L; 40.1 ± 19.9%) and P3 (1.076 ± 0.489 L; 31.8 ± 11.6%), but there were no differences in percentage accuracy. Players estimations of sweat loss trended up and downward with actual sweat losses, but players greatly and consistently underestimated sweat losses. Visual depiction of sweat loss volume could potentially increase awareness of be- tween training bout fluid intake needs of soccer players training in hot conditions.
Dynamics of polynomials with disconnected Julia sets

We study the structure of disconnected polynomial Julia sets. We consider polynomials with an arbitrary number of non-escaping critical points, of arbitrary multiplicity, which interact non-trivially. We use a combinatorial system of a tree with dynamics to give a sufficient condition for the Julia set a polynomial to be an area zero Cantor set. We show that there exist uncountably many combinatorially inequivalent polynomials, which satisfy this condition and have multiple non-escaping critical points, each of which accumulates at all the non-escaping critical points.
Investigation of Factors Affecting COVID-19 and Sixth Wave Management Using a System Dynamics Approach

The COVID-19 pandemic has plunged the world into a health and economic crisis never seen before since the Spanish flu pandemic in 1918. The closure of schools and universities, the banning of rallies, and other social distancing in countries have been done to disrupt the transmission of the virus. Governments have planned to reduce restrictions on corona management by implementing vaccination programs. This research aims to better understand the Coronavirus disease's behavior, identify the prevalent factors, and adopt effective policies to control the pandemic. This study examines the different scenarios of releasing the constraints and returning to normal conditions before Corona to analyze the results of different scenarios to prevent the occurrence of subsequent peaks. The system dynamics approach is an effective means of studying COVID-19's behavioral characteristics. The factors that affect Coronavirus disease outbreak and control by expanding the basic SEIR model, interventions, and policies, such as vaccination, were investigated in this research. Based on the obtained results, the most critical factor in reducing the prevalence of the disease is reducing the behavioral risks of people and increasing the vaccination process. Observance of hygienic principles leads to disruption of the transmission chain, and vaccination increases the immunity of individuals against the acute type of infection. In addition, the closure of businesses and educational centers, along with government support for incomes, effectively controls and reduces the pandemic, which requires cooperation between the people and the government. In a situation where a new type of corona has spread, if the implementation of the policy of reducing restrictions and reopening schools and universities is done without planning, it will cause a lot of people to suffer.
Steady Flow in a Curved Pipe with a Coaxial Core

SUMMARY In this paper we study the steady annular flow of a viscous fluid into an annular pipe and discuss the effects of the size of the core on the flow properties. Annular flow is an important feature in double-pipe heat exchangers and in chemical mixing and drying machinery. This type of flow involving heat transfer has been studied by Karahalios' and Choi and Park,' while previous investigation has been mainly focused on the axial flow between concentric In the present work we consider an annular pipe coiled in a circle of radius L about the axis Oz. Let a be the radius of the inner pipe and ka (k > 1) the radius of the outer pipe. The flow is steady, incompressible and fully developed and the ratio ka/L is assumed small. We use a toroidal co-ordinate system r*, 8,$ (Figure 1) to describe the equations of motion. In this system the velocity components are U, Vand W respectively. Let -8p/a$ be the pressure gradient. Introducing the non-dimensional variables r* = kar, u = vu/ka, v = vv/ka, w = v(L/2(ka)3)"2w and setting
Resistance Conditions and Applications

Abstract This paper studies analytic aspects of so-called resistance conditions on metric measure spaces with a doubling measure. These conditions are weaker than the usually assumed Poincaré inequality, but however, they are sufficiently strong to imply several useful results in analysis on metric measure spaces. We show that under a perimeter resistance condition, the capacity of order one and the Hausdorff content of codimension one are comparable. Moreover, we have connections to the Sobolev inequality for compactly supported Lipschitz functions on balls as well as capacitary strong type estimates for the Hardy-Littlewood maximal function. We also consider extensions to Sobolev type inequalities with two different measures and Lorentz type estimates.
Samuel Johnson’s Literary Criticism in the Light of Preface to Shakespeare

Preface to Shakespeare has long been considered a classic document of English literary criticism. In it, Johnson sets forth his editorial principles and provides an appreciative analysis of the merits and defects of the work of the great Elizabethan dramatist —Shakespeare. The present paper mainly discusses Johnson’s literary theories proposed in Preface to Shakespeare which can be concluded as follows: Fir st, Johnson’s famous theory of “general nature,” in which he emphasizes the importance of the universality of literary works. Second, the importance of morality and didacticism in literature. Third, Johnson’s opposition to confirming “three unities” dogmatically, especially the unity of time and the unity of place. Except for the discussion of Johnson’s theories, the present paper also summarizes the features and the limitations of Johnson’s criticism. Through the analysis of Johnson’s views on literature i n Preface to Shakespeare , the present paper provides a general overview of Samuel Johnson’s literary criticism.
Biotic and abiotic determinants of the formation of ant mosaics in primary Neotropical rainforests

1. Ants are widespread in tropical rainforests, including in the canopy where territorially dominant arboreal species represent the main part of the arthropod biomass. 2. By mapping the territories of dominant arboreal ant species and using a null model analysis and a pairwise approach this study was able to show the presence of an ant mosaic on the upper canopy of a primary Neotropical rainforest ( c . 1 ha sampled; 157 tall trees from 28 families). Although Neotropical rainforest canopies are frequently irregular, with tree crowns at different heights breaking the continuity of the territories of dominant ants, the latter are preserved via underground galleries or trails laid on the ground. 3.The distribution of the trees influences the structure of the ant mosaic, something related to the attractiveness of tree taxa for certain arboreal ant species rather than others. 4. Small-scale natural disturbances, most likely strong winds in the area studied (presence of canopy gaps), play a role by favouring the presence of two ant species typical of secondary formations: Camponotus femoratus and Crematogaster levior , which live in parabiosis (i.e. share territories and nests but lodge in different cavities) and build conspicuous ant gardens. In addition, pioneer Cecropia myrmecophytic trees were recorded.
Characterization of Confined Water Evaporation in Porous Media

While phase change materials have been widely used for latent heat storage, water/ice is promising for cold energy storage due to its large latent heat. Characterizing phase change, either ice melting or water evaporation, within porous media is of great significance for efficient cold energy charging/discharging and enhanced energy storage, but it remains challenging because of the opaque nature of porous matrix. In this work, by combining the non-destructive NMR-MRI technology and pore-scale numerical simulation, we investigate the dynamics of water-vapor transition in porous medium with an average grain size of 150 μm . The transient water content and distribution are obtained from NMR transversal relaxation time 𝑇 2 . The shifting of 𝑇 2 curve and MRI imaging results show uniform evaporation over the entire device, which implies cavitation-induced evaporation in homogenous porous medium. This is further elucidated from the COMSOL simulation, where we look into the water-vapor interface evolution during the evaporation process in a representative pore. Our insights on water phase change in porous media are also valuable to geothermal energy extraction.
Supply Chain Resilience: Evidence from Indian Firms

We characterize what features make supply chains more resilient. Using new data on the universe of ﬁrm-to-ﬁrm transactions from an Indian state, we identify ﬁrms with larger supplier risk following the Covid-19 lockdowns. Using an event-study design we ﬁnd ﬁrms with suppliers in strict-lockdown districts experienced 4.5pp higher separation rates (a 15% increase relative to baseline). We study which characteristics increase supply-chain resilience. Firms that buy more complex products, with fewer available suppliers, are less likely to break links. We explore how ﬁrms change post-shock supplier composition. Firms with higher supplier risk form new links with larger and better-connected suppliers.
Isosporiasis (Cystoisosporiasis)

Isospora belli (Cystoisospora belli) is an intestinal coccidian parasite in the phylum Apicomplexa. It was first linked with human disease in 1915 and is believed to infect only humans. Isosporiasis, also known as cystoisosporiasis, occurs worldwide but is more prevalent in tropical and subtropical regions; it has been reported as an etiologic agent of traveler’s diarrhea. Prior to the availability of combination antiretroviral therapy (cART), the prevalence of isosporiasis among adults with AIDS was reported to be 15% in Haiti but <0.2% in the United States.
VOLUNTARY DISCLOSURE ON ALGORITHMIC DECISION MAKING SYSTEMS: EUROPEAN EVIDENCE.

In this paper, we explore the current practices of major European companies regarding algorithmic decision making (ADM) disclosure in their annual/sustainability reports. We develop a methodology based on bigrams of key words and associate words that enables automatic extraction of the information that companies disclose on ADM systems. A sample of 962 annual/sustainability reports, corresponding to the fiscal years 2018 and 2019, of companies listed in 13 European countries’ stock markets is examined. Our findings show that ADM disclosure is still at an early stage and that the first adopters are mostly companies operating in the financial sector.
CLGAN: A GAN-based video prediction model for precipitation nowcasting

The prediction of precipitation patterns at high spatio-temporal resolution up to two hours ahead, also known as precipitation nowcasting, is of great relevance in weather-dependant decision-making and early warning systems. In this study, we are aiming to provide an efficient and easy-to-understand model - CLGAN, to improve the nowcasting skills of heavy precipitation events with deep neural networks for video prediction. The model constitutes a Generative Adversarial Network (GAN) architecture whose generator is built upon an u-shaped encoder-decoder network (U-Net) equipped with recurrent 5 LSTM cells to capture spatio-temporal features. A comprehensive comparison among CLGAN, and baseline models optical flow model DenseRotation as well as the advanced video prediction model PredRNN-v2 is performed. We show that CLGAN outperforms in terms of scores for dichotomous events and object-based diagnostics. The ablation study indicates that the GAN-based architecture helps to capture heavy precipitation events. The results encourage future work based on the proposed CLGAN architecture to improve the precipitation nowcasting and early-warning systems. 10