Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
A unifying approach to connections for multi-level modeling

Capturing relationships between concepts in a domain is as important as capturing the concepts themselves. Modeling languages reflect this by providing connections with rich semantics, such as associations and links, thus providing a key advantage over approaches that support relationships with simple references only. While connections for two-level modeling (e.g. in the UML) have enjoyed a stable design for a considerable time, the same cannot be said for connections in multi-level modeling languages. As interest in multi-level modeling grows, it is important to provide a comprehensive design for connections that not only adheres to multi-level principles such as level-agnosticism and explicit level organization, but also supports deep characterization, i.e., the ability to specify level content beyond one level boundary. In this paper we propose a unifying conceptual model for connections whose expressiveness and scalability does not come at the cost of concept proliferation.
The Complication of Coinfection

Infectious disease remains one of the largest burdens on humankind. Even with modern medical and public health standards, infectious disease remained the No. 1 killer worldwide at the turn of the century. Often, the most costly disease burdens come from multiple infections at once, i.e., coinfection. Influenza, an annual infection often considered relatively harmless, can increase susceptibility to both deadly bacterial pneumonia and childhood ear infections. Major health threat HIV rarely kills a patient on its own, but instead allows for opportunistic infections and re-emergence of infections such as tuberculosis. What generates these unique relationships is not well understood; herein, we examine in detail three types of coinfection and the unique interactions between infectious agents as well as with the host in each setting. We also begin to address how we may aid further understanding of coinfection and what questions need to be addressed to help direct future treatments.
Adaptive Laguerre filter for DS-CDMA multi-user communication system

In this paper proposes a receiver for direct sequence-code division multiple access (DS-CDMA) multi-user communication system based on Laguerre filter and the recursive least squares (RLS) adaptive algorithm. Intersymbol interference (ISI) is usually caused by multipath propagation and the inherent non-linear frequency response of a channel. Therefore, the objective of this paper is to minimize the effects of ISI with a long impulse response environment based on the proposed receiver. Because of the stability of Laguerre structure is compromise between the finite impulse response (FIR) filter and infinite impulse response (IIR) filter. It can improve the bit error rate (BER) performance of the proposed receiver compared to the conventional FIR filter receiver. The simulation results show that the performances of the proposed receiver in terms of BER and the stability are better than does the conventional FIR filter receiver.
Joint TOA and DOA Estimation of IR-UWB System Based on Matrix Pencil

This paper presents a method to estimate time and direction of arrival (TOA and DOA) of Impulse Radio Ultra Wideband (IR-UWB) system based on Matrix Pencil (MP) in a multipath communication channel. It is used to recover time and angle from the channel frequency response. This algorithm only requires a single channel estimate and can estimate TOA and DOA easier and faster. The results show that TOA and DOA can ben estimated precisely by the proposed method. It is efficient and simple way to estimate TOA and DOA for IR-UWB system.
An Information Retrieval Driven by Ontology: from Query to Document Expansion

The paper proposes an approach to information retrieval based on the use of a structure (ontology) both for document (resp. query) indexing and query evaluating. The conceptual structure is hierarchical and it encodes the knowledge of the topical domain of the considered documents. It is formally represented as a tree. In this approach, the query evaluation is based on the comparison of minimal sub-trees containing the two sets of nodes corresponding to the concepts expressed in the document and the query respectively. The comparison is based on the computation of a degree of inclusion of the query tree in the document tree. Experiments undertaken on MuchMore benchmark showed the effectiveness of the approach.
Robust motion estimation using covariance intersection

Robust features extraction, matching and tracking are crucial for many important applications in many computer vision systems. The accuracy of features locations is depending on the variation in intensity within their neighbourhoods and from which their uncertainties are estimated. In this paper we present a technique to improve the accuracy and the robustness of the fundamental matrix and consequently the motion estimate by considering those uncertainties. In our solution, rather than converting colour images to gray level images, resulting in a huge loss of information as most vision applications do, each channel of the RGB images is processed separately. Then the covariance intersection technique is adopted to fuse all uncertainties in each channel. Through several experimental results in different environments, we show that by including the fused feature uncertainties from all three channels of RGB images, better estimates of the fundamental matrix are obtained.
Are dry mergers of ellipticals the way to reconcile model predictions with downsizing

Aims. We show that the bulk of the star formation and the galaxy assembly should occur simultaneously in order to reproduce at the same time the downsizing and the chemical properties of present-day massive spheroids within one effective radius. Methods. By means of chemical evolution models, we create galactic building blocks of several masses and different chemical properties. We then construct a sample of possible merger histories going from a multiple minor merger scenario to a single major merger event aimed at reproducing a single massive elliptical galaxy. We compare our results against the mass-[Mg/Fe] and the massmetallicity relations. Results. We found that a series of multiple dry mergers (no star formation in connection with the merger) involving building-blocks that have been created ad hoc to satisfy the [Mg/Fe]-mass relation cannot fit the mass-metallicity relation and viceversa. A major dry merger, instead, does not make the agreement with observations worse if it happens between galaxies that already obey both the mass(σ)-[Mg/Fe] and the mass(σ)-metallicity relations. However, this process alone cannot explain the physical reasons for these trends. Conclusions. Dry mergers alone are not be the way to reconcile the need of a more efficient star formation in the most massive galaxies with the late-time assembly suggested in the hierarchical paradigm to recover the galaxy downsizing.
X-Ray Emission-Line Imaging and Spectroscopy of Tycho's Supernova Remnant

We present X-ray images of Tycho's supernova remnant in emission-line features of Mg, Si, S, Ar, Ca, and Fe, plus the continuum, using data obtained by the imaging spectrometers on board the Advanced Satellite for Cosmology and Astrophysics (ASCA). All the images show the shell-like morphology characteristic of previously obtained broadband X-ray images, but they are clearly distinct from each other. We use image reconstruction techniques to achieve a spatial resolution of ~0. ′8. Line intensity ratios are used to make inferences about the remnant's physical state, on average for the entire remnant and with angular position around the rim. The average temperature of the Si and S ejecta in the remnant is (0.8-1.1) × 107 K, and the average ionization age is (0.8-1.3) × 1011 cm-3 s. For a constant ionization age, the observed relative brightness variations of Si and S line image profiles with azimuthal angle imply differences of roughly a factor of 1.3-1.8 in the temperature. We compare the radial brightness profiles of our images with simple geometrical models and find that a spherical emitting geometry is favored over a torus. A spherical geometry is further supported by the absence of systematic Doppler shifts across the remnant. The radial fit results also suggest that some radial mixing of the ejecta has occurred. However, the azimuthally averaged Fe K image peaks at a markedly lower radius than the other images. The average Fe K/Fe L line intensity ratio and the position of the Fe K energy centroid support a temperature several times higher and an ionization age approximately a factor of 10 lower than for the other elements, and imply that the Fe ejecta must have retained some of its stratification. Although many of the features in the 4-6 keV X-ray continuum correspond to those in the radio, there is no obvious correlation between the relative brightness in these bands.
Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation over Sensorimotor Cortex Disrupts Anticipatory Reflex Gain Modulation for Skilled Action

Skilled interactions with new environments require flexible changes to the transformation from somatosensory signals to motor outputs. Transcortical reflex gains are known to be modulated according to task and environmental dynamics, but the mechanism of this modulation remains unclear. We examined reflex organization in the sensorimotor cortex. Subjects performed point-to-point arm movements into predictable force fields. When a small perturbation was applied just before the arm encountered the force field, reflex responses in the shoulder muscles changed according to the upcoming force field direction, indicating anticipatory reflex gain modulation. However, when a transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) was applied before the reflex response to such perturbations so that the silent period caused by TMS overlapped the reflex processing period, this modulation was abolished, while the reflex itself remained. Loss of reflex gain modulation could not be explained by reduced reflex amplitudes nor by peripheral effects of TMS on the muscles themselves. Instead, we suggest that TMS disrupted interneuronal networks in the sensorimotor cortex, which contribute to reflex gain modulation rather than reflex generation. We suggest that these networks normally provide the adaptability of rapid sensorimotor reflex responses by regulating reflex gains according to the current dynamical environment.
Regime-Switching Global Vector Autoregressive Models

The purpose of the paper is to develop a Regime-Switching Global Vector Autoregressive (RS-GVAR) model. The RS-GVAR model allows for recurring or non-recurring structural changes in all or a subset of countries. It can be used to generate regime-dependent impulse response functions which are conditional upon a regime-constellation across countries. Coupling the RS and the GVAR methodology improves out-of-sample forecast accuracy significantly in an application to real GDP, price inflation, and stock prices. JEL Classification: C32, E17, G20
Rapid Environment Identification for Intelligent Mobile Robot

This paper presents a rapid statistic credence modeling methodology for ultrasonic range sensors based on a hybrid mechanical configuration. This configuration of ultrasonic range sensors will speed up a circular distance measurement around the robot within 180 milliseconds (resolution in 1deg). Besides, the sensor model provides the credence probability of actual points of reflection on obstacle target, and the convex or concave can be recognized by a simple vector transversal rule. This credence methodology with configuration could be incorporated as extra credence information on building grid map for environment exploration or provide the most reliable geometric beacons for self localization application and mapping, etc
Estimation of absolute vehicle speed using fuzzy logic rule-based Kalman filter

Accurate knowledge on the absolute or true speed of a vehicle, if and when available, can be used to enhance advanced vehicle dynamics control systems such as anti-lock brake systems (ABS) and auto-traction systems (ATS) control schemes. Current conventional method uses wheel speed measurements to estimate the speed of the vehicle. As a result, indication of the vehicle speed becomes erroneous and, thus, unreliable when large slips occur between the wheels and terrain. This paper describes a fuzzy rule-based Kalman filtering technique which employs an additional accelerometer to complement the wheel-based speed sensor, and produce an accurate estimation of the true speed of a vehicle. We use the Kalman filters to deal with the noise and uncertainties in the speed and acceleration models, and fuzzy logic to tune the covariances and reset the initialization of the filter according to slip conditions detected and measurement-estimation condition. Experiments were conducted using an actual vehicle to verify the proposed strategy.
Distributed supervisory control with partial observation

Distributed supervisory control is a method to synthesize local controllers without any restriction on observation of the plant. Since the set algebra preserves relationships between variables and provides a simpler way to develop theories, the observation properties are redefined and corresponding propositions are proved by set algebra, in this paper. Moreover, we define new observation properties, i.e. local normality and local relative observability for the local controllers which constructed by any localization algorithm that preserves control equivalent to monolithic supervisor w.r. t. the plant. These properties enable us to investigate the observation problem from monolithic to distributed supervisory control. Furthermore, observation equivalence property is defined corresponding to the control equivalence in distributed supervisory control with partial observation. It is proved that, providing observation equivalence of the local controllers to the monolithic supervisor w.r. t. the plant, the control equivalence is satisfied, if and only if the intersection of local events sets is a subset or equal to the global observable events set.
Adolescent drinking in Chile: the role of school socioeconomic environment in relation to parental and peer influences.

School socioeconomic environment in relation to adolescent drinking has hardly been studied. Taking Chile as an example of a highly socially stratified education system, this study focused on how adolescent drinking patterns relate to school socioeconomic environment. Two potential mechanisms for this relationship were examined: interaction with parental supervision and mediation by friends’ drinking behaviours. Multilevel analyses were conducted on cross-sectional data with a four-level nested structure: students (L1), school classes (L2), schools (L3) and municipalities (L4). Individual-level information was extracted from a nationally representative survey (N=58,148, aged 13 to 18) conducted in 2013 and linked to school-level data (N=1,687). Multilevel logistic regression was used to analyse non-binge drinking (vs. non-drinking) and binge drinking (vs. non-binge drinking). The frequency of binge drinking was analysed using multilevel zero-inflated Poisson regression. Models were stratified by gender and adjusted for sociodemographic and parental characteristics and school type. The results showed that both non-binge drinking and binge drinking were socioeconomically patterned at school level. Boys and girls from more socially disadvantaged schools were less likely to drink alcohol than those from more advantaged schools. Within the group of drinkers, school social disadvantage was positively associated with binge drinking in boys and girls. Results also suggested that boys attending socially advantaged schools were likely to binge drink. However, the number of events of binge drinking in the past month was unrelated to school socioeconomic environment. Both parental knowledge of children’s whereabouts and school socioeconomic environment were independently associated with adolescent drinking patterns. There was no evidence to suggest mediation through levels of friends’ drinking within the school context. Schools play a role shaping adolescent drinking and should be integrated into a multilevel approach to tackle adolescent alcohol use, especially binge drinking.
Current trends and future challenges in wireless telemedicine system

With an increase in population, providing basic health care to the people, especially in rural areas is the main objective of health administrators. A remote telemedicine system is the possible way to solve this problem with the support of new advanced technologies. This paper discusses the state of the art and the major issues in wireless telemedicine systems such as secure transmission of data, patient monitoring and effective medical video compression. This paper will conclude by discussing future challenges of the domain.
Dilution and Mixing Algorithms for Flow-Based Microfluidic Biochips

Albeit sample preparation is well-studied for digital microfluidic biochips, very few prior work addressed this problem in the context of continuous-flow microfluidics from an algorithmic perspective. In the latter class of chips, microvalves and micropumps are used to manipulate on-chip fluid flow through microchannels in order to execute a biochemical protocol. Dilution of a sample fluid is a special case of sample preparation, where only two input reagents (commonly known as <italic>sample</italic> and <italic>buffer</italic>) are mixed in a desired volumetric ratio. In this paper, we propose a satisfiability-based dilution algorithm assuming the generalized mixing models supported by an <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">${ \boldsymbol {N}}$ </tex-math></inline-formula>-segment, continuous-flow, rotary mixer. Given a target concentration and an error limit, the proposed algorithm first minimizes the number of mixing operations, and subsequently, reduces reagent-usage. Simulation results demonstrate that the proposed method outperforms existing dilution algorithms in terms of mixing steps (assay time) and waste production, and compares favorably with respect to reagent-usage (cost) when 4- and 8-segment rotary mixers are used. Next, we propose two variants of an algorithm for handling the open problem of <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">${k}$ </tex-math></inline-formula>-reagent mixture-preparation (<inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">${k\geq 3}$ </tex-math></inline-formula>) with an <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">${N}$ </tex-math></inline-formula>-segment continuous-flow rotary mixer, and report experimental results to evaluate their performance. A software tool called flow-based sample preparation algorithm has also been developed that can be readily used for running the proposed algorithms.
Segmenting Global Audiences and Adapting Digital Content for Target Users

Digital content publishers traditionally authored content in one source language and distributed it to native speakers of that source language (usually, but not always, based in the same region as that of the publisher). Digital content was usually only translated for regions that displayed sufficient potential for increasing international sales. Even then, the cost of translation, combined with the expense of physically exporting software products and associated documentation, often proved prohibitive for enterprises who focused mainly on selling and marketing to domestic or “local” audiences.
Dynamics identification of industrial robots using contact force for the IDCS control

We propose a fast motion controller for a robot which has a flexible arm using the IDCS control scheme. The IDCS control scheme, which corresponds to a numerical computation of the inverse dynamics of the systems, allows stable high performance control even when the system model is known with inaccuracies. We applied in simulation the IDCS controller to the robot arm and compared the performances of the IDCS to the most commonly controller used industrial robots: PID controller to consider the performances of the IDCS. We can get good simulation model of the robot for the IDCS by means of identifying the inertial parameters using generalized coordinates of the baselink, the joint angles and the external forces information.
Patterns, structures, and amino acid frequencies in structural building blocks, a protein secondary structure classification scheme

To study local structures in proteins, we previously developed an autoassociative artificial neural network (autoANN) and clustering tool to discover intrinsic features of macromolecular structures. The hidden unit activations computed by the trained autoANN are a convenient low‐dimensional encoding of the local protein backbone structure. Clustering these activation vectors results in a unique classification of protein local structural features called Structural Building Blocks (SBBs). Here we describe application of this method to a larger database of proteins, verification of the applicability of this method to structure classification, and subsequent analysis of amino acid frequencies and several commonly occurring patterns of SBBs. The SBB classification method has several interesting properties: 1) it identifies the regular secondary structures, α helix and β strand; 2) it consistently identifies other local structure features (e.g., helix caps and strand caps); 3) strong amino acid preferences are revealed at some positions in some SBBs; and 4) distinct patterns of SBBs occur in the “random coil” regions of proteins. Analysis of these patterns identifies interesting structural motifs in the protein backbone structure, indicating that SBBs can be used as “building blocks” in the analysis of protein structure. This type of pattern analysis should increase our understanding of the relationship between protein sequence and local structure, especially in the prediction of protein structures. © 1997 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
On the Transition Law of O -- U Compound Poisson Processes

O--U compound Poisson processes, as a new category of processes of Ornstein--Uhlenbeck type, are put forward in this paper. These processes are a generalization of gamma O--U processes. By dealing with the characteristic function of the transition distribution function, the transition law of the O--U compound Poisson process is expressed by a sum of Poisson-distributed number of random variables, which are independent identically-distributed and have the common known density function. And we also obtain the expressions of both the transition function and the transition density of the process. The conclusions in this paper are the theoretical foundations for further researches on statistical inference of the process.