Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Determining the Feasibility and Acceptability of a Nutrition Education and Cooking Program for Preschoolers and Their Families Delivered Over the Dinner Hour in a Low-Income Day Care Setting:

Objective. To test the feasibility and acceptability of a nutrition education/cooking program aimed at teaching positive eating behaviors to parents and their preschool children. Methods. A monthly program was delivered over the dinner hour at a child care facility. Questionnaires were completed at baseline, midway, and study end (10 month). Outcomes were program feasibility (retention, attendance) and acceptability (satisfaction); child food preparation skills, dietary intake, and body mass index percentile; parent self-efficacy regarding healthy eating practices; and family meal frequency. Results. Eleven families were recruited, and 10 families completed (91% retention). On average, 74% attended the program. All reported high satisfaction. Certain child diet outcomes improved (increased fruits and vegetables; decreased sugar-sweetened beverages) (P < .05). No gain in child body mass index percentile was observed. Parent self-efficacy regarding healthy eating practices improved (planning and encouraging.
Compact radiation sources based on laser-driven plasma waves

Here we explore ways of transforming laser radiation into incoherent and coherent electromagnetic radiation using laserdriven plasma waves. We present several examples based on the laser wakefield accelerator (LWFA) and show that the electron beam and radiation from the LWFA has several unique characteristics compared with conventional devices. We show that the energy spread can be much smaller than 1% at 130-150 MeV. This makes LWFAs useful tools for scientists undertaking time resolved probing of matter subject to stimuli. They also make excellent imaging tools. We present experimental evidence that ultra-short XUV pulses, as short as 30 fs, are produced directly from an undulator driven by a LWFA, due to the electron bunches having a duration of a few femtoseconds. By extending the electron energy to 1 GeV, and for 1-2 fs duration pulses of 2 nm radiation peak powers of several MW per pC can be produced. The increased charge at higher electron energies will increase the peak power to GW levels, making the LWFA driven synchrotron an extremely useful source with a spectral range extending into the water window. With the reduction in size afforded by using LWFA driven radiation sources, and with the predicted advances in laser stability and repletion rate, ultra-short pulse radiation sources should become more affordable and widely used, which could change the way science is done.
The Paradox of Plenty : A Meta-Analysis ∗

Since Sachs and Warner’s seminal paper in 1995, a conventional wisdom has spread in the academic literature stating that a high endowment in natural resources may be detrimental for growth. The great heterogeneity of development paths followed among resource-rich countries has shown that the resource curse was not always inevitable, and that there existed ways to make the most of one’s natural wealth. We identified three sources of heterogeneity in the literature: the use of abundance and intensity measures, the account for appropriability aspects of resources and finally, the role of institutions. In this paper, we aim at providing quantitative results on the magnitude of the link between natural resources and growth found in the literature, as well as discussing, on quantitative bases, whether the sources of heterogeneity are significant. To this end, we implement a meta-analysis based on 67 empirical studies that investigate the link between natural resources and growth, totaling 1405 estimates. The results show a "soft" curse that may be reverted together with the importance of institutions in mitigating the curse.
基于Noisy-Channel Model的句子压缩方法

压缩技术是自然语言处理的一个重要应用方向,句子的自动压缩是文本压缩的第一步。 当今在这个领域的前沿技术中,大多是根据概率句法分析进行筛选。 在这篇文章中,我们探究一种基于Noisy-Channel Model句子压缩方法。
Design and Analysis of Full and Half Mode Substrate Integrated Waveguide Planar Leaky Wave Antenna with Continuous Beam Scanning in X-Ku Band

Abstract In this paper, substrate-integrated waveguide (SIW) and half mode substrate integrated waveguide (HM-SIW) periodic leaky wave antennas (LWAs) are presented for the antenna applications. The continuous beam scanning (CBS) is realized by optimizing the unit cell by matching its impedance to the characteristic impedance of the waveguide. This leaky wave antenna is capable of total 60 ° scanning from −38 ° to + 22 ° as the frequency changes from 10.17 GHz to 16.3 GHz with a maximum gain of 11 dBi. Moreover, for further miniaturization, HM-SIW technology is employed in the presented LWA. This LWA is also capable of CBS from −50 ° to + 26 ° in the frequency band of 10 GHz to 16.5 GHz with a maximum gain of 12 dBi. The final prototypes of the both these antenna are fabricated and measured results are in agreement with the simulated ones.
Endowment Effects and Drinking Water Quality

We conduct a laboratory experiment to test for the existence of the endowment effect—a gap between willingness to accept and willingness to pay—for improved drinking water quality using a within-subject design. We find a statistically significant and positive gap. Willingness to accept is 62 to 125 cents higher than willingness to pay on average, indicating the presence of endowment effects. This gap is robust to information about the quality of water being consumed. We also identify some heterogeneity in the size of the gaps that is associated with differences in subjects' knowledge of drinking water quality and disparities in their incomes.
Quantifying different riverbank erosion processes during an extreme flood event

Riverbank erosion is a major contributor to catchment sediment budgets. At large spatial scales data is often restricted to planform channel change, with little information on process distributions and their sediment contribution. This study demonstrates how multi‐temporal LiDAR and high resolution aerial imagery can be used to determine processes and volumes of riverbank erosion at a catchment scale. Remotely sensed data captured before and after an extreme flood event, enabled a digital elevation model of difference (DoD) to be constructed for the channel and floodplain. This meant that: the spatial area that could be assessed was extensive; three‐dimensional forms of bank failures could be mapped at a resolution that enabled process inference; and the volume and rates of different bank erosion processes over time could be assessed. A classification of riverbank mass failures, integrating form and process, identified a total of 437 mass failure polygons throughout the study area. These were interpreted as wet flow mass failures based on the presence of a well defined scarp wall and the absence of failed blocks on the failure floor. The failures appeared to be the result of: bank exfiltration, antecedent moisture conditions preceding the event, and the historic development of the channel. Using one‐dimensional hydraulic modelling to delineate geomorphic features within the main boundary of the macrochannel, an estimated 1 466 322 m2 of erosion was interpreted as fluvial entrainment, occurring across catchment areas from 30 to 1668 km2. Only 8% of the whole riverbank planform area was occupied by mass failures, whilst fluvial entrainment covered 33%. A third of the volume of material eroded came from mass failures, even though they occupied 19% of the eroded bank area. The availability of repeat LiDAR surveys, combined with high‐resolution aerial photography, was very effective in erosion process determination and quantification at a large spatial scale. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Five Starter Pieces: Quantum Information Science via Semi-deﬁnite Programs

As the title indicates, this chapter presents a brief, self-contained introduction to ﬁve fundamental problems in Quantum Information Science (QIS) that are especially well-suited to be formulated as Semi-deﬁnite Programs (SDP). We have in mind two audiences. The primary audience comprises of Operations Research (and Computer Science) graduate students who have familiarity with SDPs, but have found it daunting to become even minimally conversant with pre-requisites of QIS. The second audience consists of Physicists (and Electrical Engineers) already knowledgeable with modeling of QIS via SDP but interested in computational tools that are applicable more generally. For both audiences, we strive for rapid access to the unfamiliar material. For the ﬁrst, we provide just enough required background material (from Quantum Mechanics, treated via matrices, and mapping them in Dirac notation) and simultaneously for the second audience we recreate, computationally in Jupyter notebooks, known closed-form solutions. We hope you will enjoy this introduction and gain understanding of the marvelous connection between SDP and QIS by self-study, or as a short seminar course. Ultimately, we hope this disciplinary outreach will fuel advances in QIS through their fruitful study via SDPs.
On the Correlation of Seismic Scales -- USSR --,

Abstract : Thts article describes the historical background of the problem concerned with the drawing of seismic scales and gives a table showing comparison of various scales. At the present time, approximately 50 different seismic scales, i.e, scales used in determining the force of an earthquake, have been published in various countries. Without delving into problems concerned with the nature of the concept "seismic intensity division" (seismicheskiy ball), we would like to give a very general description of the most important scales and to attempt a correlation of these scales. This is necessary in view of practical problems encountered during the study of seismic conditions in various territories, aimed at establishing specific laws governing seismic phenomena, and also as a result of problems associated with further research in the field of seismic regional occurrence in the territory of the USSR.
Controlling False Discoveries in Multidimensional Directional Decisions, with Applications to Gene Expression Data on Ordered Categories

Summary Microarray gene expression studies over ordered categories are routinely conducted to gain insights into biological functions of genes and the underlying biological processes. Some common experiments are time‐course/dose‐response experiments where a tissue or cell line is exposed to different doses and/or durations of time to a chemical. A goal of such studies is to identify gene expression patterns/profiles over the ordered categories. This problem can be formulated as a multiple testing problem where for each gene the null hypothesis of no difference between the successive mean gene expressions is tested and further directional decisions are made if it is rejected. Much of the existing multiple testing procedures are devised for controlling the usual false discovery rate (FDR) rather than the mixed directional FDR (mdFDR), the expected proportion of Type I and directional errors among all rejections. Benjamini and Yekutieli (2005, Journal of the American Statistical Association 100, 71–93) proved that an augmentation of the usual Benjamini–Hochberg (BH) procedure can control the mdFDR while testing simple null hypotheses against two‐sided alternatives in terms of one‐dimensional parameters. In this article, we consider the problem of controlling the mdFDR involving multidimensional parameters. To deal with this problem, we develop a procedure extending that of Benjamini and Yekutieli based on the Bonferroni test for each gene. A proof is given for its mdFDR control when the underlying test statistics are independent across the genes. The results of a simulation study evaluating its performance under independence as well as under dependence of the underlying test statistics across the genes relative to other relevant procedures are reported. Finally, the proposed methodology is applied to a time‐course microarray data obtained by Lobenhofer et al. (2002, Molecular Endocrinology 16, 1215–1229). We identified several important cell‐cycle genes, such as DNA replication/repair gene MCM4 and replication factor subunit C2, which were not identified by the previous analyses of the same data by Lobenhofer et al. (2002) and Peddada et al. (2003, Bioinformatics 19, 834–841). Although some of our findings overlap with previous findings, we identify several other genes that complement the results of Lobenhofer et al. (2002) .
Análisis molecular de la sinaptogénesis dependiente de PI3K en Drosophila

La fosfoinositol 3 ? quinasa (PI3K) esta implicada en diferentes vias que, si son alteradas, pueden dar lugar a enfermedades como el cancer, la diabetes o el Alzheimer. Datos previos han mostrado que, tanto en Drosophila como en mamiferos, la regulacion cuantitativa de PI3K/AKT/GSK3 en neuronas controla la sinaptogenesis. Las nuevas sinapsis son funcionales e inducen cambios en el comportamiento. Nuestro objetivo principal es identificar que otras proteinas efectoras o dianas forman parte de esta via sinaptogenica utilizando como modelo experimental la union neuromuscular larvaria de Drosophila. Ademas, queremos resolver tambien si el efecto sinaptogenico de PI3K es autonomo celular. Nuestros resultados muestran que proteinas de la via de JNK, Ras, el receptor Wishful thinking con su ligando Glass bottom boat, la E3 ubiquitina ligasa Highwire, asi como los factores de transcripcion Jun ? Fos y Mad ? Medea estan implicados en la misma via de senalizacion sinaptogenica. Ademas, hemos analizado las consecuencias sobre la parte postsinaptica de dirigir especificamente la expresion de PI3K en la zona presinaptica. Los datos demuestran que PI3K controla la formacion de sinapsis desde el lado presinaptico, regulando el numero de receptores de glutamato y otras proteinas de la parte postsinaptica sin alterar la dinamica de formacion de esos receptores. Hemos demostrado tambien que el tiempo de formacion de sinapsis es de 20 ? 30 horas. En resumen, hemos revelado nuevos elementos de la via sinaptogenica dependiente de PI3K y hemos determinado el papel autonomo de la senalizacion de PI3K desde el lado presinaptico. 31
ABC of Hypertension

1 Prevalence and causes (G Y H Lip, D G Beevers). 2 Hypertension and vascular risk (G Y H Lip, D G Beevers). 3 Pathophysiology of hypertension (G Y H Lip, D G Beevers). 4 Measurement of blood pressure. Part I: Apects of measurement of blood pressure common to technique and patient. Part II: Conventional sphygmomanometry. Part III: Ambulatory blood pressure measurement. Part IV: Self-measurement of blood pressure (Eoin O'Brien). 5 Screening and management in primary care (G Y H Lip, D G Beevers). 6 Clinical assessment of patients with hypertension (G Y H Lip, D G Beevers). 7 Investigation in patients with hypertension (G Y H Lip, D G Beevers). 8 Non-pharmacological treatment of hypertension (G Y H Lip, D G Beevers). 9 Pharmacological treatment of hypertension (G Y H Lip, D G Beevers). 10 Hypertension in patients with cardiovascular disease (G Y H Lip, D G Beevers). 11 Special groups-diabetes, renal disease, and connective tissue disease (G Y H Lip, D G Beevers). 12 Ethnicity and age (G Y H Lip, D G Beevers). 13 Pregnancy and oral contraceptives (G Y H Lip, D G Beevers). Appendix. Index.
Shellfish aquaculture and the environment.

October 2011 Shellfish Aquaculture and the Environment is the first book to focus primarily on the issues surrounding environmental sustainability of shellfish aquaculture. The chapters in this book will provide readers with the most current data available on key topics, such as resource enhancement, habitat restoration, eutrophication, the impacts of shellfish farms on water quality, and harvest methods. The authors also discuss shellfish aquaculture and the environment from both industry and NGO perspectives.
Structure-Based Identification of Potent Natural Product Chemotypes as Cannabinoid Receptor 1 Inverse Agonists

Natural products are an abundant source of potential drugs, and their diversity makes them a rich and viable prospective source of bioactive cannabinoid ligands. Cannabinoid receptor 1 (CB1) antagonists are clinically established and well documented as potential therapeutics for treating obesity, obesity-related cardiometabolic disorders, pain, and drug/substance abuse, but their associated CNS-mediated adverse effects hinder the development of potential new drugs and no such drug is currently on the market. This limitation amplifies the need for new agents with reduced or no CNS-mediated side effects. We are interested in the discovery of new natural product chemotypes as CB1 antagonists, which may serve as good starting points for further optimization towards the development of CB1 therapeutics. In search of new chemotypes as CB1 antagonists, we screened the in silico purchasable natural products subset of the ZINC12 database against our reported CB1 receptor model using the structure-based virtual screening (SBVS) approach. A total of 18 out of 192 top-scoring virtual hits, selected based on structural diversity and key protein–ligand interactions, were purchased and subjected to in vitro screening in competitive radioligand binding assays. The in vitro screening yielded seven compounds exhibiting >50% displacement at 10 μM concentration, and further binding affinity (Ki and IC50) and functional data revealed compound 16 as a potent and selective CB1 inverse agonist (Ki = 121 nM and EC50 = 128 nM) while three other compounds—2, 12, and 18—were potent but nonselective CB1 ligands with low micromolar binding affinity (Ki). In order to explore the structure–activity relationship for compound 16, we further purchased compounds with >80% similarity to compound 16, screened them for CB1 and CB2 activities, and found two potent compounds with sub-micromolar activities. Most importantly, these bioactive compounds represent structurally new natural product chemotypes in the area of cannabinoid research and could be considered for further structural optimization as CB1 ligands.
Preliminary studies of water seepage through rough-walled fractures

For groundwater aquifers in fractured rock, fractures play a significant role in the transport of water and contaminants through the unsaturated zone to the groundwater table. Fractures can provide preferential flow paths for infiltrating liquids that dramatically accelerate contaminant transport compared to predictions based upon spatially uniform infiltration. The actual liquid distribution during infiltration determines the contact area between the flowing water and rock, and liquid residence time, which in turn affects the potential for rock-water and rock-solute interaction, as well as mass transfer between liquid and gas phases. This report summarizes flow- visualization experiments of water percolation through transparent replicas of a natural rock fracture. We have focused on phenomenological and exploratory experiments that can lead to a conceptual model which incorporates the important physical mechanisms that control flow.
A preliminary study of effects of feral pig density on native Hawaiian montane rainforest vegetation

3 Introduction 3 Study Site and Methods 5 Study Site 5 Pig Activity Monitoring 5 Vegetation Monitoring 6 Ground Cover 6 Preferred Forage 6 Alien Species 6 Rainfall 7 Data Analysis 7 Pig Activity 7 Ground Cover 8 Preferred Forage 8 Alien Species 8 Results 9 Pig Density 9 Hunting Effort and Catch 9 Rainfall 9 Vegetation Monitoring 9 Ground Cover 10 Preferred Forage 10 Alien Plants 11 Discussion 12 Conclusions and Recommendations 15 Acknowledgments 15 Literature Cited 17
Omega‐3 polyunsaturated fatty acids and its metabolite 12‐HEPE rescue busulfan disrupted spermatogenesis via target to GPR120

Abstract Busulfan is an antineoplastic, which is always accompanied with the abnormal of spermatogonia self‐renewal and differentiation. It has been demonstrated that the omega‐3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) benefits mature spermatozoa. However, whether omega‐3 can protect endogenous spermatogonia and the detailed mechanisms are still unclear. Evaluate of spermatogenesis function (in vivo) were examined by histopathological analysis, immunofluorescence staining, and western blotting. The levels of lipid metabolites in testicular tissue were determined via liquid chromatography. We investigated the effect of lipid metabolites on Sertoli cells provided paracrine factors to regulate spermatogonia proliferation and differentiation using co‐culture system. In our study, we showed that omega‐3 PUFAs significantly improved the process of sperm production and elevated the quantity of both undifferentiated Lin28+ spermatogonia and differentiated c‐kit+ spermatogonia in a mouse model where spermatogenic function was disrupted by busulfan. Mass spectrometry revealed an increase in the levels of several omega‐3 metabolites in the testes of mice fed with omega‐3 PUFAs. The eicosapentaenoic acid metabolite 12‐hydroxyeicosapentaenoic acid (12‐HEPE) up‐regulated bone morphogenic protein 4 (BMP4) expression through GPR120‐ERK1/2 pathway activation in Sertoli cells and restored spermatogonia proliferation and differentiation. Our study provides evidence that omega‐3 PUFAs metabolite 12‐HEPE effectively protects spermatogonia and reveals that GPR120 might be a tractable pharmacological target for fertility in men received chemotherapy or severe spermatogenesis dysfunction.
Development and applications of a radar-attenuation model for polar ice sheets

Development and Applications of a Radar-Attenuation Model for Polar Ice Sheets Joseph A. MacGregor Chair of the Supervisory Committee: Research Professor Dale P. Winebrenner Earth and Space Sciences Modern ice sheets are currently responding to significant climatic forcings and undergoing ice-dynamics changes that are not yet well understood. Ice-penetrating radar surveys are often used to infer their basal condition (e.g., is the bed wet or dry? ) and internal properties. However, such inferences typically require a model of the electromagnetic attenuation through the ice sheet. Here I first develop and test a radar-attenuation model that is based on a synthesis of existing laboratory measurements of the dielectric properties of ice. This synthesis shows that radar attenuation in polar ice has a strong non-linear temperature dependence and a weaker linear dependence on the concentrations of acid and sea-salt chloride. This model was tested at Siple Dome, West Antarctica, using ice-core-chemistry and borehole-temperature data, and the model agreed well with an existing radar-attenuation measurement. I then use this model to investigate the nature of radar detection of accreted ice over Lake Vostok, East Antarctica. My analysis of ice-core and radar data found that the observed reflection is likely due to a fabric contrast near the boundary between the dirty and clean accreted ices. This reflection mechanism is also consistent with the spatial pattern of detection of the reflection. In anticipation of the requirements of a thermomechanical ice-sheet model to predict the spatial variation of attenuation over Lake Vostok, I develop an accumulation-rate map for the Lake Vostok region using radar data, a steady-state flowband model, and inverse methods. I found that accumulation rates there are not inversely correlated with surface elevation, that there is a broad maximum above the lake’s northwestern corner, and a minimum above most of its eastern shoreline. Finally, I investigate the spatial variability of attenuation in an ice sheet, using the flowline that crosses through the Vostok ice core as an example. I use radar layers and ice-velocity and temperature outputs from an ice-sheet model to estimate the spatial variation of attenuation using a series of progressively more complex models. I found that an attenuation-rate model that uses non-uniform ice temperatures and radar layers to rescale impurity-conentration profiles can satisfactorily capture most of the spatial variability of attenuation.