Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Law and Behaviours in Social Dilemmas

Laws consist of two components: the ‘obligations’ they express and the ‘incentives’ designed to enforce them. In this paper we run a public good experiment to test whether or not obligations have any independent effect on cooperation in social dilemmas. The results show that, for given marginal incentives, different levels of minimum contribution required by obligation determine significantly different levels of average contributions. Moreover, unexpected changes in the minimum contribution set up by obligation have asymmetric dynamic effects on the levels of cooperation: a reduction does not alter the descending trend of cooperation, whereas an increase induces a temporary re-start in the average level of cooperation. Nonetheless, obligations per se cannot sustain cooperation over time.
Rts1-protein phosphatase 2A antagonizes Ptr3-mediated activation of the signaling protease Ssy5 by casein kinase I

The Ssy1-Ptr3-Ssy5 sensor of external amino acids couples Ssy1 receptor–initiated signals to casein kinase–dependent activation of the protease Ssy5. Here Ssy5 activity is shown to be tuned by interactions with Rts1-protein phosphatase 2A and the specific adapter protein Ptr3, which activates Ssy5 by mediating its proximity to casein kinase.
Draft Research Report Draft No . D 2006-14 Experimental Vehicle Platform for Pedestrian Detection

Pedestrian safety is a primary traffic issue in the urban environment. According to national traffic safety data, more than 4,000 fatalities were caused by pedestrian-vehicle collisions annually among the 40,000-plus total fatalities in all categories of collisions. Pedestrian crashes account for about 80,000 collisions per year, according to the General Estimate System (GES) data from 1995 to 1998. Over this time, there were, on average, 6000 pedestrian fatalities per year, accounting for about 15% of all roadway fatalities. Pedestrian deaths are primarily an urban problem. Many pedestrians are killed at crosswalks, sidewalks, median strips, and traffic islands. Seventy percent of pedestrian deaths in 2002 occurred in urban areas. According to GES data, 55% of all pedestrian crashes occur at non-junctions, while 40% occur at intersections or intersection-related locations. Similarly, in California statewide statistics, more than 3,500 fatalities resulted from 75,000+ pedestrian collisions in the last five years. A regional study has revealed a significant exposure to pedestrian accidents by transit agencies. The detection and tracking of pedestrians is not trivial. First, in an urban environment the patterns of vehicle and pedestrian movements can be very complicated. On city streets, there are numerous locations where pedestrians may choose to suddenly cross in front of a vehicle. The reliability of the detection function is further complicated by the crowded background and the issue of varying visibility, weather and roadway conditions. Thus, the solution for a reliable and accurate means of identifying pedestrians requires sophisticated design and extensive experimental evaluation. Given the challenging operating environment of transit buses, a complete and reliable sensing system for pedestrian detection can benefit from the combined use of multiple sensors. For example, the requirements of pedestrian detection are different for situations when buses are stopped at bus stops or near intersections versus when the buses are moving at relatively higher speeds in cruising conditions. Furthermore, any one particular technology may have difficulty meeting all necessary requirements under various lighting conditions, or rainy and foggy weather conditions, not to mention that most sensors have too limited a field of view to monitor traffic in all directions. In addition, the cluttered background and complex moving patterns of all objects on urban streets demand sophisticated processing of sensor inputs to avoid false detection and recognition. The work presented in this project represents a two-year effort taken by the research team to address pedestrian safety. With a survey of the latest …
Immune Responses to ESAT-6 and CFP-10 by FASCIA and Multiplex Technology for Diagnosis of M. tuberculosis Infection; IP-10 Is a Promising Marker

Background There is a need for reliable markers to diagnose active and latent tuberculosis (TB). The interferon gamma release assays (IGRAs) are compared to the tuberculin skin test (TST) more specific, but cannot discriminate between recent or remote TB infection. Here the Flow-cytometric Assay for Specific Cell-mediated Immune-response in Activated whole blood (FASCIA), which quantifies expanded T-lymphoblasts by flow-cytometric analysis after long-term antigen stimulation of whole blood, is combined with cytokine/chemokine analysis in the supernatant by multiplex technology for diagnosis of Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) infection. Methods and Findings Consecutive patients with suspected TB (n = 85), with microbiologically verified active pulmonary TB (n = 33), extra pulmonary TB (n = 21), clinical TB (n = 11), presumed latent TB infection (LTBI) (n = 23), patients negative for TB (n = 8) and 21 healthy controls were studied. Blood samples were analyzed with FASCIA and multiplex technology to determine and correlate proliferative responses and the value of 14 cytokines for diagnosis of Mtb infection: IFN- γ, IL-2, TNF-α, IP-10, IL-12, IL-6, IL-4, IL-5, IL-13, IL-17, MIP-1β, GM-CSF, IFN-α2 and IL-10. Cytokine levels for IFN-γ, IP-10, MIP-1β, IL-2, TNF-α, IL-6, IL-10, IL-13 and GM-CSF were significantly higher after stimulation with the Mtb specific antigens ESAT-6 and CFP-10 in patients with active TB compared to healthy controls (p<0.05) and correlated with proliferative responses. IP-10 was positive in all patients with verified TB, if using a combination of ESAT-6 and CFP-10 and was the only marker significantly more sensitive in detecting active TB then IFN-γ (p = 0.012). Cytokine responses in patients with active TB were more frequent and detected at higher levels than in patients with LTBI. Conclusions IP-10 seems to be an important marker for diagnosis of active and latent TB. Patients with active TB and LTBI responded with similar cytokine profiles against TB antigens but proliferative and cytokine responses were generally higher in patients with active TB.
ADCS reaches adulthood: an analysis of the conference and its community over the last eighteen years

How influential is the Australian Document Computing Symposium (ADCS)? What do ADCS articles speak about and who cites them? Who is the ADCS community and how has it evolved? This paper considers eighteen years of ADCS, investigating both the conference and its community. A content analysis of the proceedings uncovers the diversity of topics covered in ADCS and how these have changed over the years. Citation analysis reveals the impact of the papers. The number of authors and where they originate from reveal who has contributed to the conference. Finally, we generate co-author networks which reveal the collaborations within the community. These networks show how clusters of researchers form, the effect geographic location has on collaboration, and how these have evolved over time.
Characterizing and modeling the dynamics of online popularity

Online popularity has an enormous impact on opinions, culture, policy, and profits. We provide a quantitative, large scale, temporal analysis of the dynamics of online content popularity in two massive model systems: the Wikipedia and an entire country's Web space. We find that the dynamics of popularity are characterized by bursts, displaying characteristic features of critical systems such as fat-tailed distributions of magnitude and interevent time. We propose a minimal model combining the classic preferential popularity increase mechanism with the occurrence of random popularity shifts due to exogenous factors. The model recovers the critical features observed in the empirical analysis of the systems analyzed here, highlighting the key factors needed in the description of popularity dynamics.
Percutaneous Vertebroplasty: A First Line Treatment in Traumatic Non-Osteoporotic Vertebral Compression Fractures

Study Design This was a prospective cohort study. Purpose The purpose of this study was to document and evaluate the clinical and radiological results of percutaneous vertebroplasty (PV) as a first line treatment in traumatic non-osteoporotic vertebral compression fractures (TNVCFs). Overview of Literature PV is commonly used for osteoporotic and neoplastic compression fractures, however its use in traumatic non-osteoporotic compression fractures is uncertain. Methods We included 23 patients with traumatic non-osteoporotic TNVCFs and normal bone mineral densitometry scores who were treated with PV. Pain was evaluated at 2 hours, 1 week, 1 month, 6 months, 1 year, and 2 years post procedure using the 10-point visual analogue scale (VAS). Ronald-Morris disability Questionnaire (RDQ) scores were also collected. Statistical analysis included a 2-tailed t test comparing postoperative data with preoperative values. Range of mobility was also evaluated. Results The 23 patients had an average age of 36 years, and 69.5% were female. There was a significant improvement in VAS scores of pain at rest and in motionand in RDQ scores (p<0.05). Conclusions The results of this study proved that PV can be used successfully as a first line treatment in patients with non-osteoporotic compression fractures. It is also, an effective method to decrease pain, increase mobility, and decrease narcotic administration.
Improvements of using the WOMN System in Communication

The increasing demand of various networking applications such as Internet, voice, data, video and TV services inside large cities with large population requires the design and implementation of more effective metropolitan networks. Currently, several wireless networking systems were established to provide such services. Two main fixed broadband access network were used for such services: Local Multipoint Distribution Service (LMDS) and Multi-channel Multipoint Distribution Service (MMDS). Both of these systems face several problems such as: high cost, relatively low speed, small coverage area, and last-mile bottleneck. The effect of the above mentioned problems are more obvious when the network size increases. The deployment of a new technology by using Wireless Optical Mesh Network (WOMN), which use wireless optical communications between nodes, can overcome these problems and can provide more bandwidth, interference-free, frequency-free and more effectiveness in applications that require a real time responding like video surveillance. We investigate the WOMN advantages and disadvantages. We also discuss the commercial, geographical coverage and real time applicability. We will also investigate the challenges to deploy the new technique for local and metropolitan networks between different city buildings.
The extraocular muscle stem cell niche is resistant to ageing and disease

Specific muscles are spared in many degenerative myopathies. Most notably, the extraocular muscles (EOMs) do not show clinical signs of late stage myopathies including the accumulation of fibrosis and fat. It has been proposed that an altered stem cell niche underlies the resistance of EOMs in these pathologies, however, to date, no reports have provided a detailed characterization of the EOM stem cell niche. PW1/Peg3 is expressed in progenitor cells in all adult tissues including satellite cells and a subset of interstitial non-satellite cell progenitors in muscle. These PW1-positive interstitial cells (PICs) include a fibroadipogenic progenitor population (FAP) that give rise to fat and fibrosis in late stage myopathies. PICs/FAPs are mobilized following injury and FAPs exert a promyogenic role upon myoblasts in vitro but require the presence of a minimal population of satellite cells in vivo. We and others recently described that FAPs express promyogenic factors while satellite cells express antimyogenic factors suggesting that PICs/FAPs act as support niche cells in skeletal muscle through paracrine interactions. We analyzed the EOM stem cell niche in young adult and aged wild-type mice and found that the balance between PICs and satellite cells within the EOM stem cell niche is maintained throughout life. Moreover, in the adult mdx mouse model for Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD), the EOM stem cell niche is unperturbed compared to normal mice, in contrast to Tibialis Anterior (TA) muscle, which displays signs of ongoing degeneration/regeneration. Regenerating mdx TA shows increased levels of both PICs and satellite cells, comparable to normal unaffected EOMs. We propose that the increase in PICs that we observe in normal EOMs contributes to preserving the integrity of the myofibers and satellite cells. Our data suggest that molecular cues regulating muscle regeneration are intrinsic properties of EOMs.
YSCO ’ S B EST B USINESS P RACTICES ( BBP ) Teaching Cases

The purpose of this paper is to present a case about SYSCO’s “Best Business Practices. ” The analysis focuses on both the system and the impact of the system, particularly, the measurable effects and the overall organizational impact. Perhaps the most interesting issue is how a system for best business practices is used to manage a highly decentralized firm, and push the individual corporate entities to better performance, without requiring specific processes or best practices. Use of the system is illustrated through an example.
The Plant VirE2 Interacting Protein 1. A Molecular Link between the Agrobacterium T-Complex and the Host Cell Chromatin?1

The microbe Agrobacterium tumefaciens is harmful to plants and useful to scientists for one and the same reason: It transfers DNA into plant genomes. Found in soil worldwide, Agrobacterium causes disease in plants by transferring its own DNA into plant cells. But in the laboratory, the ability to
Localization of \(\hat{\mathfrak{g}}\)-modules on the Affine Grassmannian

We consider the category of modules over the affine Kac-Moody algebra ĝ of critical level with regular central character. In our previous paper we conjectured that this category is equivalent to the category of Hecke eigen-D-modules on the affine Grassmannian G((t))/G[[t]]. This conjecture was motivated by our proposal for a local geometric Langlands correspondence. In this paper we prove this conjecture for the corresponding I 0 equivariant categories, where I 0 is the radical of the Iwahori subgroup of G((t)). Our result may be viewed as an affine analogue of the equivalence of categories of g-modules and D-modules on the flag variety G/B, due to Beilinson-Bernstein and Brylinski-Kashiwara.
On efficiently generating realistic social media timeline structures

A framework of synthetic data generator to generate social media timeline structures is proposed in this paper, which is useful for benchmarking query processing over social media data, and validating hypothesis over users' behavior. It is flexible to generate synthetic data with different distributions. With the help of its asynchronized parallel processing model and delayed update strategy, it is efficient to feed out timeline structure with high throughput. We show in experiments that our method can generate realistic social media timeline structures efficiently.
High density lipoproteins reduce organ injury and organ dysfunction in a rat model of hemorrhagic shock

High density lipoproteins (HDLs) inhibit the cytokine‐induced expression of endothelial cell adhesion molecules both in vitro and in vivo. We examined the ability of HDLs to mediate a functional anti‐inflammatory effect by measuring their ability to prevent neutrophil adhesion and transmigration in vitro. Treatment of human endothelial cell cultures with physiologic concentrations of HDLs inhibited neutrophil binding by 68 ± 5.9% (mean and SE, n=6, P<0.05) and neutrophil transmigration by 48.7 ± 6.7% (n=8, P<0.05). We then examined the effect of HDLs on inflammatory infiltration and subsequent multiple organ dysfunction syndrome (MODS), associated with trauma in a rat model of hemorrhagic shock. Rats given human HDLs (80 mg apo A‐I/kg, i.v.) 90 min after hemorrhage (which reduced mean arterial pressure to 50 mmHg) and 1 min before resuscitation showed attenuation of the increases in the serum levels of markers of MODS normally observed in this model. Severe disruption of the architecture of tissues and the extensive cellular infiltration into those tissues were also largely inhibited in animals that received HDLs. Human HDLs attenuate the MODS associated with ischemia and reperfusion injury after hemorrhagic shock in rats.
Long term effects of Ascophyllum nodosum canopy removal on mid shore community structure

The long term effects of macroalgal canopy removal on community composition were investigated over a 12 year period. Experimental removal of the dominant Ascophyllum nodosum canopy led to short term changes in community composition, the major features of which were still apparent 12 years later. Ascophyllum was slow to recover despite high recruitment, and experimental plots were dominated by Fucus species. After 12 years a mixed assemblage of Fucus serratus, Fucus vesiculosus and Ascophyllum had developed. Canopy removal resulted in a change in the balance between grazing limpets and the cover of red algal turf in the understorey community. The cover of turfing algae declined significantly allowing the area grazed by limpets to extend. This led to a 3–6 fold increase in the limpet population 12 years after canopy removal.
DIGITAL FX!32 running 32-Bit x86 applications on Alpha NT

DIGITAL FX! 32 is a unique combination of emulation and binary translation which makes it so that any 32 bit program which runs on an x86 system running Windows NT 4.0 will install and run on an Alpha Windows NT 4.0 system. After translation, x86 applications run as fast under DIGITAL FX! 32 on a 500 Mz Alpha system as on a 200 Mz Pentium-Pro. The emulator and its associated runtime provide for transparent execution of x86 applications. The emulator uses translation results when they are available and produces profile data which is used by the translator. The translator provides native Alpha code for the portions of an x86 application which have been previously executed. A server manages the translation process for the user, making the overall process completely transparent.
Developing Schwann Cells Acquire the Ability to Survive without Axons by Establishing an Autocrine Circuit Involving Insulin-Like Growth Factor, Neurotrophin-3, and Platelet-Derived Growth Factor-BB

Although Schwann cell precursors from early embryonic nerves die in the absence of axonal signals, Schwann cells in older nerves can survive in the absence of axons in the distal stump of transected nerves. This is crucially important, because successful axonal regrowth in a damaged nerve depends on interactions with living Schwann cells in the denervated distal stump. Here we show that Schwann cells acquire the ability to survive without axons by establishing an autocrine survival loop. This mechanism is absent in precursors. We show that insulin-like growth factor, neurotrophin-3, and platelet-derived growth factor-BB are important components of this autocrine survival signal. The secretion of these factors by Schwann cells has significant implications for cellular communication in developing nerves, in view of their known ability to regulate survival and differentiation of other cells including neurons.
Slow-fast Dynamics Generated by Noninvertible Plane Maps

The present paper focuses on the two time scale dynamics generated by 2D polynomial noninvertible maps T of (Z0 - Z2) and (Z1 - Z3 - Z1) types. This symbolism, specific to noninvertible maps, means that the phase plane is partitioned into zones Zk, where each point possesses the k real rank-one preimages. Of special interest here is the structure of slow and fast motion sets of such maps. The formation mechanism of a stable invariant close curve through the interaction of fast and slow dynamics, as well as its transformation into a canard are studied. A few among the plethora of chaotic attractors and chaotic transients produced by such maps are described as well.
Active Analysis of BT with a Modified Azureus Client

Peer-to-peer (P2P) systems have become increasingly popular for a variety of applications in Internet for their several advantages over traditional client/server architecture. And they also generate most traffic in all regions around the world. Thus, the ISPs and all network administrators have a mutual interest in limiting P2P traffic. Before doing these, understanding and analyzing their traffic is necessary. In this paper, we inside analyze BitTorrent (BT) traffic with a special modified Vuze client in a stub network. Preliminary results indicate that among all BT clients we have detected, the most popular two outside China are μTorrent and Azureus. They have over 50%-86% market share. But in China, the Xunlei client is almost the No. 1, but is can not support the Message Stream Encryption (MSE) protocol. And there are also lots of proprietary or unknown BT clients can not support the MSE protocol, and some users looks like to be unwilling to use it. The proportion in China is bigger. And some BT clients may upgrade or downgrade the encryption level independently, disobeying the user configuration of MSE. All BT clients relied excessively on trackers, especially in China. Moreover, Distributed Hash Table (DHT) does not play the proper role as we expected. Although BT systems can use both TCP and UDP protocols for transportation, the TCP protocol is the dominant one by 99%. Finally, we investigate the port used by all peers. Unexpectedly, the most popular used port is 6881 outside China and 80 in China. And in China, small port numbers are often used.