Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Incidence of Cancer in Finnish Families with Clinically Aggressive and Nonaggressive Prostate Cancer

Background: Clinical features of familial prostate cancer (PCa) and other malignancies associated with PCa are poorly described. Using a large family-based data registry of histologically confirmed cancers with a 40-year follow-up, we sought to determine incidence of cancer in Finnish PCa families, separately for clinically aggressive and clinically nonaggressive PCa. Methods: We calculated standardized incidence ratios (SIR) for 5,523 members of 202 families by dividing the number of observed cancers (altogether 497 cases) by the number of expected cancers. The number of expected cancers is based on the national cancer incidence rates. Results: SIR for overall cancer risk, excluding PCa, for male relatives in clinically nonaggressive families was 0.7 [95% confidence interval (95% CI), 0.6-0.8] and in clinically aggressive families 0.8 (95% CI, 0.6-1.0). The respective SIRs for women were 1.0 (95% CI, 0.8-1.1) and 1.1 (95% CI, 0.8-1.3). The incidence of lung cancer among men was significantly lower than in the general population. The SIR for gastric cancer among women was 1.9 in both clinically nonaggressive and clinically aggressive families. In clinically aggressive families, there was borderline significant excess of cancer of the gallbladder in men and liver cancer in women. Conclusions: The incidence of non-PCa cancers is not increased in clinically aggressive or clinically nonaggressive PCa families except for stomach cancer among women. (Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2009;18(11):3049–56)
Integrating Subject, Type, and Property Identification for Simple Question Answering over Knowledge Base

This paper presents an approach to identify subject, type and property from knowledge base (KB) for answering simple questions. We propose new features to rank entity candidates in KB. Besides, we split a relation in KB into type and property. Each of them is modeled by a bi-directional LSTM. Experimental results show that our model achieves the state-of-the-art performance on the SimpleQuestions dataset. The hard questions in the experiments are also analyzed in detail.
Mother-offspring vocal communication and temperament in cattle

Very little is known about cattle vocalizations. The few studies available in the literature have been conducted using animals under stress or very intensive husbandry conditions. Similarly, the individual consistency of behaviour in cattle has rarely been considered except in applied studies of constrained and isolated animals, and no previous research has attempted to address a possible association between vocal communication and temperament in cattle. The studies reported here address these gaps in our knowledge. I found that cattle contact calls have acoustic characteristics that give them individualized distinctiveness, in both adult cows and calves. These results were confirmed using playback experiments, where I found that there is bidirectional mother-offspring recognition, as has been recorded in other “weak hider” ungulates. Additionally, using visual and acoustic stimuli, I assessed individual cattle temperament. The results showed that there was no individual behavioural consistency in responses to a novel object presentations. However, calves behaved consistently more boldly than cows. Furthermore, there was significant individual consistency in responses to vocalisations of heterospecifics, when they were played back through a speaker in the field. Surprisingly, no correlations were found between the ability of cattle to identify their own mother/offspring and the acoustic features of their vocalisations, or behavioural responses in any other context. There were, however, significant correlations between one characteristic of vocalisations in adult cows (formant spacing) and the boldness of behavioural responses to both novel objects and auditory stimuli. Additionally, higher F0 in calf contact vocalizations correlated with boldness in the auditory stimuli experiment. These relationships imply that vocalisations may encode information about individual temperament, something which has rarely been documented. Surprisingly, no strong correlations were found between the behavioural responses to visual and acoustic stimuli, suggesting that individual consistency in behaviour across contexts was limited, and that behavioural plasticity could play an important role in determining responses in different environmental contexts. Overall, my results contribute to our knowledge of animal communication in mammals from a bioacoustic point of view, and they are also potentially relevant to studies of vocalizations as indicators of cattle welfare.
Surprising New Height Regulating Genes: Beyond Growth Hormone and IGF-I

Stature has been the subject of quantitative genetic analysis since the nineteenth century. A century ago it was proposed that height exhibits multifactorial inheritance, representing what are now called polygenic traits, and today, it is recognized that height is highly heritable. In fact, in modern western societies only 20% of the variation in height is attributable to environmental factors, although the other 80% is genetically determined. The role of the growth hormone (GH) and IGF (IGF) in regulating mammalian height has been widely appreciated and commonly termed the “somatomedin hypothesis. ” Furthermore, multiple mutations in the genes in the GH-IGF axis cause rare syndromes with extreme stature abnormalities (1).
Facial Motion Engages Predictive Visual Mechanisms

We employed a novel cuing paradigm to assess whether dynamically versus statically presented facial expressions differentially engaged predictive visual mechanisms. Participants were presented with a cueing stimulus that was either the static depiction of a low intensity expressed emotion; or a dynamic sequence evolving from a neutral expression to the low intensity expressed emotion. Following this cue and a backwards mask, participants were presented with a probe face that displayed either the same emotion (congruent) or a different emotion (incongruent) with respect to that displayed by the cue although expressed at a high intensity. The probe face had either the same or different identity from the cued face. The participants' task was to indicate whether or not the probe face showed the same emotion as the cue. Dynamic cues and same identity cues both led to a greater tendency towards congruent responding, although these factors did not interact. Facial motion also led to faster responding when the probe face was emotionally congruent to the cue. We interpret these results as indicating that dynamic facial displays preferentially invoke predictive visual mechanisms, and suggest that motoric simulation may provide an important basis for the generation of predictions in the visual system.
Urinary tract infections in women

Factors influencing urinary tract infections depend on a balance between bacterial virulence (bacterial adhesion to tissues, hemolysin, and aerobactin) and on the host's defenses (local immunoglobulin production). Predisposing factors for the development of urinary tract infections in women are physiologic changes with aging, use of catheters, and genitourinary operations. Therapy for uncomplicated urinary tract infections usually consists of a single dose of medication for 3 to 7 days, although the 1-day regimen was proved to be quite effective. Treatment of complicated urinary tract infections is by intravenous medications. New drugs for treatment of urinary tract infections are also reviewed.
Self-assembly and binding of a sorting nexin to sorting endosomes.

The fate of endocytosed membrane proteins and luminal contents is determined by a materials processing system in sorting endosomes. Endosomal retention is a mechanism that traps specific proteins within this compartment, and thereby prevents their recycling. We report that a sorting nexin SNX1, a candidate endosomal retention protein, self-assembles in vitro and in vivo, and has this property in common with its yeast homologue Vps5p. A comparison of SNX1 expressed in bacterial and in mammalian systems and analyzed by size-exclusion chromatography indicates that in cytosol SNX1 tetramers are part of a larger complex with additional proteins. An endosomal retention function would require that SNX1 bind to endosomal membranes, yet the complexes that we analyzed were largely soluble and little SNX1 was found in pellet fractions. Using green fluorescent protein fusions, endocytic compartment markers and fluorescence recovery after photobleaching, we found that there is an equilibrium between free cytoplasmic and early/sorting endosome-bound pools of green fluorescent protein-SNX1. Fluorescence resonance energy transfer indicated that spectral variants of green fluorescent protein-SNX1 were oligomeric in vivo. In cell extracts, these green fluorescent protein-SNX1 oligomers corresponded to tetrameric and larger complexes of green fluorescent protein-SNX1. Using video microscopy, we observed small vesicle docking and tubule budding from large green fluorescent protein-SNX1 coated endosomes, which are features consistent with their role as sorting endosomes. http://www.biologists. com/JCS/movies/jcs2058.html
Guilt and Guiltlessness: An Integrative Review

This paper reviews the relationship between guilt and prosocial behaviors, and integrates multiple antisocial phenomena with the construct of guiltlessness both at the interpersonal and intergroup level. Interpersonal guilt is basically prosocial and introspective. Collective guilt is the vicarious acceptance of misdeeds of the ingroup. Yet it is sometimes so painful and detrimental for the individual and the society to tolerate guilt that people do not feel guilty, especially when the possibility of reparation is low. We argue that guilt is the acceptance of the mildly undesirable self whereas guiltlessness is the rejection of unbearable mental distress of anticipatory guilt. Guiltlessness requires great efforts for defense and justification. Multiple strategies and justifications are sought to relieve guilt. Furthermore, guiltlessness is related to various personality and ideology variables and entails moral disengagement. Guiltlessness can be destructive because, for example, during times of large-scale conflicts ordinary people who feel guiltless are inclined to become ruthless. Reciprocity morality, ostracism, deservingness, empathy, and self-control are proposed as means of explaining the origins of guilt and their implications for guiltlessness.
A Novel Spectrum-Sensing Method Based on Maximum Cyclic Autocorrelation Selection for Cognitive Radio System

In the dynamic spectrum access (DSA) type of cognitive radios, secondary users need to detect the signals from the primary system prior to communicating in the sharing band. Hence, spectrum sensing is an important function for DSA. Key requirements for spectrum sensing in realistic radio environments are stable performance in detecting the primary signals as well as robustness against noise uncertainty at the secondary device or interference signals from other secondary systems. This paper proposes a novel spectrum-sensing method based on maximum cyclic autocorrelation selection (MCAS), which exhibits good detection performance and robustness against noise uncertainty and interference with low computational complexity. Our MCAS-based spectrum-sensing method is used to detect whether the primary signal is present or not, by comparing the peak and non-peak values of the cyclic autocorrelation function (CAF). Our MCAS-based spectrum-sensing method does not require noise variance estimation. Furthermore, it is robust against noise uncertainty and interference signals. Through computer simulations, we found that our method performs as well as or better than conventional sensing methods and is robust against noise uncertainty and interference signals. Therefore, it could be a practical candidate in realistic radio environments.
Competitive Online Algorithms

Preface I would like to thank BRICS and, in particular, Erik Meineche Schmidt for giving me the opportunity to teach a mini-course on competitive online algorithms at Aarhus University, August 27{29, 1996. Lecturing the course was a great pleasure for me. In winter 1995/96, Dany Breslauer rst pointed out to me the possibility to teach a mini-course in Arhus, and I thank him for his encouragement. Furthermore, I would like to thank all members of the Computer Science Department at Aarhus University for their very kind hospitality throughout my stay. The mini-course consisted of three lectures. In the rst lecture we gave basic deenitions and presented important techniques that are used in the study on online algorithms. The paging problem was always the running example to explain and illustrate the material. We also discussed the k-server problem, which is a very well-studied generalization of the paging problem. The second lecture was concerned with self-organizing data structures , in particular self-organizing linear lists. We presented results on deterministic and randomized online algorithms. Furthermore, we showed that linear lists can be used to build very eeective data compression schemes and reported on theoretical as well as experimental results. In the third lecture we discussed three application areas in which interesting online problems arise. The areas were (1) distributed data management, (2) scheduling and load balancing, and (3) robot navigation and exploration. In each of these elds we gave some important results.
Building Legal Indexes to Explain Recovery Rates: An Analysis of the French and UK Bankruptcy Codes

We test the characteristics of bankruptcy procedures that are likely to generate recoveries for the creditors. We build 132 original legal indexes accounting for the main functions of bankruptcy law that were highlighted by Hart (2000). Namely, we measure the accessibility of the procedure, their ability to disclose information, the level of protection of the debtor’s assets, the coordination of the claimants and their decision power under bankruptcy, and the sanction of faulty management. We show that the French procedures are more protective of the debtor’s assets and favor more the coordination of claims. In UK, we find strong opposition between the liquidation and the reorganization procedures: the former ones prioritize the protection of secured claims, while unsecured creditors benefit from higher decision power under the latter ones. We then use an original database of 833 French and UK bankrupt SMEs to measure the recovery rates that are generated by each procedure. We first isolate the bankruptcy rules that are associated to higher recovery rates: namely, accessibility of the procedure, protection of the debtor’s assets, protection and coordination of claims. On the contrary, information disclosure under bankruptcy has negative impact on total recoveries, probably due to the breach in confidentiality.
Silicon-core Coaxial Through Silicon Via for Low-loss RF Si-interposer

In this letter, a new low-loss and low-cost through silicon via (TSV) process is presented. The proposed silicon-core coaxial via (S-COV) process is very simple and time-saving compared with a conventional TSV. In this structure, a metal-coated silicon-pole is used as a vertical interconnect instead of a fully filled metal via. The depth of the fabricated S-COV is 120 <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\mu \text{m}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> and the minimum diameter of the signal core and dielectric gap to ground are 40 and <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$20~\mu \text{m}$ </tex-math></inline-formula>, respectively. In the well-matched condition, the measured insertion loss of the single S-COV is 0.053 dB at 10 GHz.
Importance Driven Environment Map Sampling

In this paper we present an efficient method for supporting image based lighting (IBL) for bidirectional methods. This improves both sampling of the environment, and the detection and sampling of important regions of the scene, such as windows and doors. These parts of the scene often have a small area proportional to that of the entire scene, so paths which pass through them are generated with a low probability. The method proposed in this paper improves sampling efficiency, by taking into account view importance, and modifies the lighting distribution to use light transport information from the camera. This method automatically constructs a sampling distribution in locations which are relevant to the camera position, thereby improving sampling of light paths. This approach can be applied to several bidirectional rendering methods, and results are shown for bidirectional path tracing, metropolis light transport and progressive photon mapping. When compared to other methods, efficiency results demonstrate speed ups of orders of magnitude.
Peripheral-Foveal Vision for Real-time Object Recognition and Tracking in Video

Human object recognition in a physical 3-d environment is still far superior to that of any robotic vision system. We believe that one reason (out of many) for this--one that has not heretofore been significantly exploited in the artificial vision literature--is that humans use a fovea to fixate on, or near an object, thus obtaining a very high resolution image of the object and rendering it easy to recognize. In this paper, we present a novel method for identifying and tracking objects in multiresolution digital video of partially cluttered environments. Our method is motivated by biological vision systems and uses a learned "attentive" interest map on a low resolution data stream to direct a high resolution "fovea. " Objects that are recognized in the fovea can then be tracked using peripheral vision. Because object recognition is run only on a small foveal image, our system achieves performance in real-time object recognition and tracking that is well beyond simpler systems.
Prognostic impact of initial maximum standardized uptake value of 18F-FDG PET/CT on treatment response in patients with metastatic lung adenocarcinoma treated with erlotinib

Purpose To investigate whether the initial maximum standardized uptake value (SUVmax) on fluorine-18 fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography/computed tomography (18F-FDG PET/CT) has a prognostic significance in metastatic lung adenocarcinoma. Patients and methods Sixty patients (24 females, mean age: 57.9±12 years) with metastatic stage lung adenocarcinoma who used erlotinib and underwent 18F-FDG PET/CT at the time of diagnosis between May 2010 and May 2014 were enrolled in this retrospective study. The patients were stratified according to the median SUVmax value, which was found as 11. Progression-free survival (PFS) rates for 3, 6, and 12 months were examined for SUVmax values and epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) mutation status. Results The number of EGFR-sensitizing mutation positive/negative/unknown was 26/17/17, respectively, and the number of patients using erlotinib at first-line, second-line, and third-line therapy was 15, 31, and 14 consecutively. The PFS rates of EGFR mutation positive, negative, and unknown patients for 3 months were 73.1%, 35.3%, and 41.2% (P=0.026, odds ratio [OR]=4.39; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.45–13.26), respectively. The PFS rates of EGFR positive, negative, and unknown patients for 6 months were 50%, 29.4%, and 29.4% (P=0.267, OR: 2.4; 95% CI: 0.82–6.96), respectively. The PFS rates of EGFR positive, negative, and unknown patients for 12 months were 42.3%, 29.4%, 23.5% (P=0.408, OR: 2.0; 95% CI: 0.42–5.26), respectively. Thirty-one of 60 patients had SUVmax values ≤11. The PFS rates for 3, 6, and 12 months were 70.5%/28% (P=0.001, OR=9.0; 95% CI: 2.79–29.04), 61.7%/8% (P<0.001, OR=28.35; 95% CI: 5.5–143), and 52.9%/8% (P<0.001, OR=18.69; 95% CI: 3.76–92.9) for low SUVmax (≤11) group/high SUVmax (>11) group, respectively. Conclusion Initial SUVmax value on 18F-FDG PET/CT is found to be a prognostic factor anticipating the response to erlotinib for 3, 6, and 12-month rates of PFS in both EGFR-sensitizing mutation and wild-type tumor group.
Understanding psychological contracts at work: a critical evaluation of theory and research

Stride Toward FreedomSustainable Human Resource ManagementUnderstanding Psychological Contracts at WorkHuman Resource ManagementOrganizational ControlPrincipled Labor LawHandbook of Research on the Psychological Contract at WorkBuilding Trust and Constructive Conflict Management in OrganizationsAge and psychological contract breach in relation to work outcomesThe Employee-Organization RelationshipMen, Management, and Mental HealthAging Workers and the EmployeeEmployer RelationshipEmployment Contracts, Psychological Contracts, and Employee Well-BeingPsychological Contracts in OrganizationsThe Psychological Contract: Managing And Developing Professional GroupsApplied Human Resource ManagementThe Wiley Blackwell Handbook of the Psychology of Team Working and Collaborative ProcessesManaging the Psychological ContractPsychology at WorkPsychological Contracts in EmploymentWork Psychology and Organizational BehaviourWork Across the LifespanA Discourse Upon the Origin and Foundation of the Inequality Among MankindUnderstanding Psychological Bonds between Individuals and OrganizationsPressure at Work and the Psychological ContractFairness at Work and the Psychological ContractFairness in the WorkplaceHealth Effects of the New Labour MarketHandbook of Research on the Psychological Contract at WorkThe Employment RelationshipStrategy ExecutionManaging the Psychological ContractI-DealsThe SAGE Handbook of Organizational BehaviorThe SAGE Handbook of Organizational BehaviorThe Employer BrandUnderstanding Psychological Contracts at WorkChanging Employment RelationsEncyclopedia of Management TheoryInternational Review of Industrial and Organizational Psychology 2009
Antibody producing human-human hybridomas. II. Derivation and characterization of an antibody specific for human leukemia cells

Human-human hybridoma technology was used to immortalize human B lymphocytes from patients with acute myeloid leukemia (AML) to study the antigenic repertoire of the humoral immune response against the patients' own leukemia cells and against leukemic cells from other patients. Nine fusions were done with lymphocytes from seven AML patients, and all with the human RH-L4 B lymphoma line as malignant fusion partner. A total of 305 Ig-producing hybrids were obtained. 26 reacted with cell surface components on AML cells, but 21 were found not to be specific for leukemia cells, when screened for reactivity against a panel of normal and malignant cells of both human and murine origin. Five hybridomas secreted Ig with high specificity for human leukemia cells, but only one hybridoma culture, aml-18, was stable in respect to Ig-production and growth upon repeated clonings and expansion in liquid cultures. A method was developed to grow human hybridomas as ascites tumors in nude mice, but the ascites fluid did not contain increased amount of antibody. The reactivity of the aml-18 antibody (gamma, kappa) was analyzed against samples of mononuclear cells from peripheral blood of 63 patients with leukemia and with cytologically verified leukemia cells in the blood. 22 of 54 AML samples reacted with aml-18. The reactivity pattern was not correlated to any categories of the French-American-British (FAB) classification; two of four ALL were positive. Moreover, a pronounced intratumoral antigenic heterogeneity in regard to aml-18 reactivity was seen and indicates a high degree of diversity in the immunological phenotype within individual AML cell populations. The study demonstrates that some patients with AML generate an immune response against their autologous malignant cells, and that the antigenic determinant in the case of aml-18 is also expressed specifically on leukemic cells from other patients.