Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Max-planck-institut for Informatik Authors' Addresses Publication Notes

Feferman has proposed a system, FSo, as an alternative framework for encoding logics and also for reasoning about those encodings. We have implemented a version of this framework and performed experiments that show that it is practical. Specifically, we describe a formalisation of predicate calculus and the development of an admissible rule that manipulates formulae with bound variables. This application will be of interest to researchers working with frameworks that use mechanisms based on substitution in the lambda calculus to implement variable binding and substitution in the declared logic directly. We suggest that meta-theoretic reasoning, even for a theory using bound variables, is not as difficult as is often supposed, and leads to more powerful ways of reasoning about the encoded theory.
RFSOI programmable array of capacitors

Tunable capacitors are increasingly important components in today's state of the art RF front ends. They enable a degree of tuning and configurability that is essential in today's multiband multimode handsets. SOI technology is the technology of choice due to the combination of the high degree of integration, high performance and low cost. This paper highlights some of the techniques and tradeoffs involved in the design of a programmable array of capacitors (PAC). The performance metrics are highlighted and the implication of over specification on obtainable Q discussed.
Formal Vulnerability Analysis of Security Components

Vulnerability to malicious fault attacks is an emerging concern for hardware circuits that are employed in mobile and embedded systems and process sensitive data. We describe a new methodology to assess the vulnerability of a circuit to such attacks, taking into account built-in protection mechanisms. Our method is based on accurate modeling of fault effects and detection status expressed by Boolean satisfiability (SAT) formulas. Vulnerability is quantified based on the number of solutions of these formulas, which are determined by an efficient #SAT solver. We demonstrate the applicability of this method for design space exploration of a pseudo random number generator and for calculating the attack success rate in a multiplier circuit protected by robust error-detecting codes.
Ultrasonic Power and Data Link for Wireless Implantable Applications

Wireless implantable devices revolutionize the field of biomedical engineering as soon as satisfactory power supplies are conceived. This paper presents a novel ultrasound-based method for powering a battery-free electrical implant. Contrary to the commonly used RF and inductive methods, ultrasonic power transmission helps to avoid problems with electromagnetic coupling and offers for use a selection of data frequencies not limited by national regulations. The proof-of-concept data and power link is based on piezoelectric crystals. Measurements carried out in degassed water brought perspective to the feasibility of an ultrasonic link. Efficiencies of 21-35 % at distances between 5 mm and 105 mm were achieved
Effects of changes in motor unit size on transmitter release at the frog neuromuscular junction

The dependence of transmitter release and synaptic effectiveness on the size of a neuron's peripheral field was studied using neuromuscular junctions in sartorius muscles of adult frogs (Rana pipiens). The size of the peripheral field (motor unit size) was reduced by crushing the sartorius nerve and surgically removing half of the muscle fibers. Synapses thus formed were compared with those formed when crushed nerves reinnervated intact whole muscles, as well as with synapses in normal unoperated muscles. Indirect observations suggested that all motor axons participated in reinnervation and that motor unit size was indeed smaller in half-muscles. Synaptic safety margins, as measured by the sensitivity of nerve stimulus-evoked twitching to low Ca2+, were substantially higher in muscles with reduced motor units. These higher safety margins were due to enhanced evoked transmitter release. In Ringer solution containing Mg2+ and lowered Ca2+, total evoked release and evoked release per unit nerve terminal length were approximately 2- fold higher in muscles with reduced motor units, when studied 7 to 18 weeks postoperatively. A similar difference was seen when unblocked release was measured in a normal physiological solution, after blocking excitation-contraction coupling and muscle fiber action potential generation with formamide. Miniature endplate potential frequency in half-muscles was 2 to 3 times higher than in controls when tested in normal physiological solution, but was not significantly different in low Ca2+, Mg2+-containing solution. By 34 weeks postoperatively, there was no longer a difference in evoked release, even though the difference in motor unit size persisted.
Acinetobacter Prosthetic Joint Infection Treated with Debridement and High-Dose Tigecycline

Prosthesis retention is not recommended for multidrug-resistant Acinetobacter prosthetic joint infection due to its high failure rate. Nevertheless, replacing the prosthesis implies high morbidity and prolonged hospitalization. Although tigecycline is not approved for the treatment of prosthetic joint infection due to multidrug resistant Acinetobacter baumannii, its appropriate use may preclude prosthesis exchange. Since the area under the curve divided by the minimum inhibitory concentration is the best pharmacodynamic predictor of its efficacy, we used tigecycline at high dose, in order to optimize its efficacy and achieve implant retention in 3 patients who refused prosthesis exchange. All patients with prosthetic joint infections treated at our Institution are prospectively registered in a database. Three patients with early prosthetic joint infection of total hip arthroplasty due to multidrug resistant A. baumannii were treated with debridement, antibiotics and implant retention, using a high maintenance dose of tigecycline (100 mg every 12 hours). The cases were retrospectively reviewed. All patients signed informed consent for receiving off-label use of tigecycline. Tigecycline was well tolerated, allowing its administration at high maintenance dose for a median of 40 days (range 30–60). Two patients were then switched to minocycline at standard doses for a median of 3.3 months in order to complete treatment. Currently, none of the patients showed relapse. Increasing the dose of tigecycline could be considered as a means to better attain pharmacodynamic targets in patients with severe or difficult-to-treat infections. Tigecycline at high maintenance dose might be useful when retention of the implant is attempted for treatment for prosthetic joint infections due to multidrug resistant Acinetobacter. Although this approach might be promising, off-label use of tigecycline should be interpreted cautiously until prospective data are available. Tigecycline is probably under-dosed for the treatment of implant and biofilm associated infections.
A FEHT algorithm for detecting and tracking VLO targets

In order to address the problem of detecting and tracking very low observable (VLO) targets in heavy clutter, a fast ergodic Hough transform (FEHT) algorithm is proposed. The contributions consist of three aspects. First, the FEHT does not invoke a random combination but rather an ergodic combination of all possible measurement pairs to generate the line parameters, which avoids the failure detection due to random sampling. Second, a joint gate is proposed to reject the measurement pairs with negligible probability, and hence reduce the computational and storage burden. Third, the computation complexity of the proposed method is analyzed. Simulation results shows the effectiveness of the proposed method.
From “Their Stigma” to “My Stigma”: An Examination of the “Skul Konekt” Project Among Adolescents in North-Central Region of Nigeria

This article investigates theater techniques employed in addressing self-stigmatization in Skul Konekt project, an “anti-self-stigma” HIV/AIDS theater intervention in Nasarawa state, Nigeria. The project toured secondary schools in Nasarawa State to create awareness on the negative effect of self-stigmatization in people living with HIV/AIDS (PLHIV). This study answers the research question: What theater techniques were employed in the Skul Konekt project and how did these strategies address the theme of self-stigmatization in PLHIV? My arguments are supported with the play text, titled, Talk to Me, and reflections from the playwright and selected actors. My reflection as a participant–observer in the project; comments from government officials, students, parents, and teachers during talkback session; and evaluation sessions from the project coordinator form part of the analysis of the impact of the theater techniques. Findings show that many intervention campaigns focus on stigmatization rather than self-stigmatization because such campaigns are designed through a top-down participatory approach without much consultation with the people. It concludes by discussing the implications of the findings for participatory strategies that can foster open communication, collaboration, and a people-led participatory approach relevant in achieving UNAIDS 90-90-90 objectives.
The behaviour of modularity-optimizing community detection algorithms

Networks can represent many relationships between collections of objects for example, friendships or geographical proximity between people, or neural connections between brain cells. Communities are a mesoscopic property of a network representing the intuitive concept of a community, such as friendship groups in a friendship network, or towns and villages in a geographical network. Community detection algorithms aim to divide a network into communities using only knowledge of the nodes and the links between them. The results of such algorithms can therefore tell us who belongs to the same community, how many communities there are in a network and even in some cases whether someone belongs to multiple communities. Dividing a network into its underlying communities can also indicate the roles of nodes in the network, such as whether a highly-connected node is connected to many communities, or only to nodes within its own community. Thus community detection can provide deep insights into the structure and resilience of the network, that local properties such as node degree alone cannot. Results like this motivate the study of communities in networks but conversely, the strong ties to applications have resulted in fewer mathematical results than in graph theory. In particular, there is little mathematical understanding of the behaviour of community detection algorithms and the statistical significance of their results. This dissertation will focus on the popular method of community detection called modularityoptimization. Currently, modularity-optimizing community detection algorithms are assessed based on their performance on networks with known community structure. However, there are serious concerns about the results of modularity-optimization that suggest that what is more important is knowledge of the behaviour of such algorithms. Therefore we will discuss and also address these issues by providing both an up-todate review of theoretical work on the behaviour of modularity-optimizing community detection algorithms as well as new theoretical results on the subject. The aim is to show that with these theoretical results come new insights into the behaviour of these algorithms and a deeper understanding of the significance of modularity-optimization results.
The Twilight of the Census

the lights are going out in census offices all over europe. the traditional central source of population information, the demographers’ rod and staff, the main source of data for planning for local authorities and central government, is being replaced by more timely alternative approaches, including population registers. in this regard, europe is the world’s demographic laboratory: the only continent where so many countries have adopted alternatives to the census (valente 2011, p.14). it is only recently that all countries in the world have even held a census. at the other end of the scale, that source of data needed so badly by the least developed countries is being replaced in the most developed ones: yet another in the growing list of “demographic transitions” in which the data of demography itself are now the subject matter. it seems natural to regard this as an inevitable result of the coming of the electronic age, of the digitization, rapid transfer, and easy linkage of data, heralding a real revolution in knowledge and things knowable. But if so, why do some of the most advanced countries on earth, including the richest and most powerful, retain their census, albeit with modifications? what may be lost, as well as gained, by this transition? and will the demographic convenience of modern methods of data-gathering come with a cost to freedom, as some fear?
Comparison of peak to average power reduction techniques in OFDM

OFDM (Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing) is generally preferred for high data rate transmission in digital communication. OFDM system has a major shortcoming of high peak to average power ratio (PAPR) value. This paper explains different PAPR reduction techniques and presents a comparison of the various techniques based on theoretical and simulated results. It also presents a survey of the various PAPR reduction techniques and the state of the art in this area.
Bacteria–zinc co-localization implicates enhanced synthesis of cysteine-rich peptides in zinc detoxification when Brassica juncea is inoculated with Rhizobium leguminosarum

Some plant growth promoting bacteria (PGPB) are enigmatic in enhancing plant growth in the face of increased metal accumulation in plants. Since most PGPB colonize the plant root epidermis, we hypothesized that PGPB confer tolerance to metals through changes in speciation at the root epidermis. We employed a novel combination of fluorophore-based confocal laser scanning microscopic imaging and synchrotron based microscopic X-ray fluorescence mapping with X-ray absorption spectroscopy to characterize bacterial localization, zinc (Zn) distribution and speciation in the roots of Brassica juncea grown in Zn contaminated media (400 mg kg−1 Zn) with the endophytic Pseudomonas brassicacearum and rhizospheric Rhizobium leguminosarum. PGPB enhanced epidermal Zn sequestration relative to PGBP-free controls while the extent of endophytic accumulation depended on the colonization mode of each PGBP. Increased root accumulation of Zn and increased tolerance to Zn was associated predominantly with R. leguminosarum and was likely due to the coordination of Zn with cysteine-rich peptides in the root endodermis, suggesting enhanced synthesis of phytochelatins or glutathione. Our mechanistic model of enhanced Zn accumulation and detoxification in plants inoculated with R. leguminosarum has particular relevance to PGPB enhanced phytoremediation of soils contaminated through mining and oxidation of sulphur-bearing Zn minerals or engineered nanomaterials such as ZnS.
Application simulation research of Gaussian particle filtering in train integrated position system

Data fusion algorithm is an important guarantee about the performance level and complete function of the train positioning system. Since conventional Kalman filter methods in GNSS/INS integration frame could not solve the problem of nonlinear model. In this paper the Gaussian particle filter (GPF) is introduced, which is an efficient variant on the particle filtering algorithm for nonlinear hybrid systems. Simulation shows that the filtering precision can meet the navigation system's requirements. Due to the relaxed restriction of the system model and non-Gaussian noise, GPF has advantages in a direct filter system compared with other methods.
Self-organizing network security environments - A simulative analysis

We discuss the need for adaptive load control in network security environments in order to cope with the increasing bandwidth requirements. In earlier work, we developed a simple model to study the behavior of feedback loops for self-configuring security environments. We primarily considered the traffic between the monitoring probes, the IDS systems, and associated firewalls. We now enhanced the model to study fully self-organized network security environments in a simulation model. First simulation results outline both the feasibility of the general approach and the possibilities of the simulation model.
The balance between quantitative and qualitative literary stylistics: how the method of “motifs” can help

HAL is a multi-disciplinary open access archive for the deposit and dissemination of scientific research documents, whether they are published or not. The documents may come from teaching and research institutions in France or abroad, or from public or private research centers. L’archive ouverte pluridisciplinaire HAL, est destinée au dépôt et à la diffusion de documents scientifiques de niveau recherche, publiés ou non, émanant des établissements d’enseignement et de recherche français ou étrangers, des laboratoires publics ou privés. The balance between quantitative and qualitative literary stylistics: How the method of ”motifs” can help Dominique Legallois, Thierry Charnois, Meri Larjavaara
A Comparison of Lexeme and Speech Syllables in Dutch

The CELEX lexical database includes a list of Dutch syllables and their frequencies, based on syllabificati on of isolated word forms. In connected speech, however, sentence-level phonological rules can modify the syllables and their token frequencies. In order to estimate the changes syllables may undergo in connected speech, an empirical investigation was carried out. A large Dutch text corpus (TROUW) was transcribed, processed by word level rules, and syllabified. The resulting lexeme syllables were evaluated by comparing them to the CELEX lexical database for Dutch. Then additional phonological sentence-level rules were applied to the TROUW corpus, and the frequencies of the resulting connected speech syllables were compared with those of the lexeme syllables from TROUW. The overall correlation between lexeme and speech syllables was very high. However, speech syllables generally had more complex CV structures than lexeme syllables. Implications of the results for research involving syllables are discussed. With respect to the notion of a mental syllabary (a store for precompiled articulatory programs for syllables, see Levelt & Wheeldon, 1994) this study revealed an interesting statistical result. The calculation of the cumulative syllable frequencies showed that 85% of the syllable tokens in Dutch can be covered by the 500 most frequent syllable types, which makes the idea of a syllabary very attractive.
Buying well‐being: Spending behavior and happiness

Soc Personal Psychol Compass. 2018;e12386. https://doi.org/10.1111/spc3.12386 w Abstract The relationship between money and happiness is complex. While a large literature demonstrates a small but significant positive association between overall income and well‐being, a relatively new area of research explores the emotional consequences of everyday spending choices. Here we review this recent but rapidly growing area of investigation. We begin by briefly summarizing the link between money and happiness. Then, through the lens of 2 dominant models of human happiness, we suggest that seemingly inconsequential spending choices may provide an underappreciated and underutilized route to greater well‐being. Finally, we review new empirical evidence demonstrating that individuals can use their disposable income to increase their happiness by investing in experiential (rather than material) purchases, more free time, routine, self‐expression, and generosity.
Batch and Online Underdetermined Source Separation Using Laplacian Mixture Models

In this paper, we explore the problem of sound source separation and identification from a two-sensor instantaneous mixture. The estimation of the mixing and the sources is performed using Laplacian mixture models (LMM). The proposed algorithm fits the model using batch processing of the observed data and performs separation using either a hard or a soft decision scheme. An extension of the algorithm to online source separation, where the samples are arriving in a real-time fashion, is also presented. The online version demonstrates several promising source separation possibilities in the case of nonstationary mixing.
Contextual determinants of drug use risk behavior: A theoretic framework

Over the past two decades, public health research has emphasized the role of individual risk behaviors, primarily injection and sexual risk behaviors, in the spread of HIV infection. Much less emphasis has been given to understanding the determinants of these risk behaviors. Although individual characteristics are partly responsible for risky injection and sexual behaviors, they do not explain all the interpersonal variability in risk behavior. Contextual factors associated with HIV risk behavior may include structural factors (e.g., availability of services), social norms and attitudes (e.g., social trust), disadvantage (e.g., neighborhood socioeconomic status), and features of the physical environment (e.g., housing quality). This article presents a conceptual framework that incorporates some of the key contextual domains that may affect drug use behavior. It also presents data from a study of street-recruited drug users as an example of the relations between social contextual factors and frequency of injecting drug use, and discusses some methodological challenges in the study of contextual determinants of drug use behavior.
Hypertensive and Renal Effects of Chronic Low Level Intrarenal Angiotensin Infusion in the Dog

To determine whether the intrarenal sodium-retaining effects of angiotensin II (A II) can produce chronic hypertension, we infused A II at a rate (1 ng/kg per min) that did not cause a measurable immediate rise in mean arterial pressure (MAP) for 10 days directly into the renal artery of five dogs with unilateral nephrectomy. Four additional control dogs with unilateral nephrectomy were infused intravenously with A II for 10 days at 0.5 ng/kg per min. This intravenous infusion rate of A n was calculated to produce an increase in peripheral blood levels of AII at least as great as those achieved with the intrarenal infusion of AII. MAP was recorded continuously, 24 hours/day, and daily values for MAP based on approximately 720 sample points per day were determined by computerized data analysis. Intrarenal A II infusion produced an immediate fall in glomerular filtration rate (GFR), effective renal plasma flow (ERPF), and urinary sodium (UNaV) and potassium (UKV) excretion. MAP was unchanged during the first day of the infusion period. Both GFR and ERPF remained depressed for at least 6 days of the infusion. However, sodium balance was achieved on day 2 when MAP had increased by 9 mm Hg. Subsequently, MAP continued to increase, reaching + 15 mm Hg at the end of 10 days. In contrast, there was no sodium retention or hypertension during the first 48 hours of intravenous AII infusion; yet, during days 3-10, MAP did rise by 7 mm Hg. After the intrarenal infusion of A II was stopped on day 10, there were immediate increases in GFR, ERPF, UKV, and especially UNaV, and MAP returned to control levels after a few hours. The data indicate that the intrarenal effects of A II can produce chronic sodium retention and a sustained elevation in MAP and also prevent pressure natriuresis during the hypertension. cire Res 44:154-160, 1979