Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Trastornos neuropsiquiátricos en la enfermedad de Parkinson

Summary. Objective. This paper reviews the main neuropsychiatric disorders associated with Parkinson’s disease (PD) and describes the neuropathological hypothesis proposed to explain these symptoms. Development. This disease is usually associated with neuropsychiatric complications such as depression, anxiety and apathy. Besides, psychiatric symptoms are one of the most common side effects of antiparkinsonian drug-therapy. Conclusions. Depression is the most frequent emotional disorder reported in patients with PD. Up to 20% of parkinsonian patients meet DSM-IV criteria for major depressive episode and another 20% for dysthymia, while the prevalence of depression in normal aged population is about 2-8%. The relationship between PD and depression has not been fully established. Some investigators have suggested that depressive symptoms in PD are causally related to the underlying neuropathological process, affecting predominantly serotoninergic and dopaminergic pathways. Alternatively, depression in PD may represent a normal reaction to the progressive physical impairment induced by the disease. Otherwise, up to 20% of parkinsonian patients present levodopa-induced psychiatric complications. Visual hallucinations are the commonest, but delusions, confusional states, sexual disorders and sleep disorders have also been described. Serotonine and dopamine have been implicated in the neuropathological basis of these disorders. [REV NEUROL 2001; 32: 676-81]
Asynchronous H∞ control for unmanned aerial vehicles: switched polytopic system approach

This study is concerned with the H∞ control for the full-envelope unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) in the presence of missing measurements and external disturbances. With the dramatic parameter variations in large flight envelope and the locally overlapped switching laws in flight, the system dynamics is modeled as a locally overlapped switched polytopic system to reduce designing conservatism and solving complexity. Then, considering updating lags of controller's switching signals and the weighted coefficients of the polytopic subsystems induced by missing measurements, an asynchronous H∞ control method is proposed such that the system is stable and a desired disturbance attenuation level is satisfied. Furthermore, the sufficient existing conditions of the desired switched parameter-dependent H∞ controller are derived in the form of linear matrix inequality (LMIs) by combining the switched parameter-dependent Lyapunov function method and average dwell time method. Finally, a numerical example based on a highly maneuverable technology (HiMAT) vehicle is given to verify the validity of the proposed method.
Results Intelligence the Ability of Results-Focused Self-Management

What Is Results Intelligence and Why Does It Have the Most Influence on Success? The research of human intelligence includes a broad range of theories and a variety ofdifferent answers regarding most of the fundamental questions in the field, including thefollowing questions: What is the nature of intelligence? Is it a constant innate cognitive traitor is it a skill that can be improved? Is intelligence a single uniform entity or is it amultiplicity of independent abilities? What is the intelligence that most influences the degreeof success and in what fields? The responses of most of the researchers depend largely on thetype of intelligence studied, as a result of a variety of approaches and schools –developmental, cognitive, psychometric, emotional-social, practical, and so on. In contrast,the starting point of this study is the success itself, with the goal to examine whether there isone ability that is shared by all those who succeed over time and whether and how it can beimproved - Since on the one hand, people with completely different abilities succeed inattaining significant achievements and on the other hand, only some people with similarabilities achieve lasting success. The main conclusion as examined during a decade ofcounseling and support of more than five hundred different people is that all those whoachieve ongoing success have a good level of ability in results-focused self-management –and this is results intelligence. The study shows that every individual has a different profile ofintelligences that includes his main abilities – and results intelligence is the ability to manageall the other abilities in favor of the achievement of the maximum results of success desiredover time. Since results intelligence is fundamentally a management ability and managementaddresses ways of thinking and doing and includes the ability to plan and implement a varietyof actions so as to achieve different goals, it exists in everybody, even if at different levels ofawareness, skill, or maximization. On the basis of the theory of management by objectivesfrom the approach of Professor Peter Drucker (as presented in the continuation) in life, as inbusiness, management is the factor that most influences the degree of success over time – andmanagement can be learned. Thus, it is possible to learn how to develop the level of resultsintelligence and thus to significantly improve the chances of reaching the maximum ofsuccess in a variety of areas of life. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to create the modelof the development of results intelligence so as to enable individuals to identify their mainabilities and to learn how to leverage them and manage themselves, for the benefit of theachievement of their desired success and goals.
Strive: exploring assistive haptic feedback on the run

Mobile technologies have become an important part of run training, however, existing technologies focus on performance metrics (e.g., distance and pace), which makes it difficult for runners to improve their running technique. In this paper, we present Strive, a wearable running technology that aims to assist runners in achieving rhythmic breathing; a running technique that potentially leads to improved results and lower injury risk. Strive continuously collects physiological data and uses haptic feedback to provide real-time assistance during runs. As communicating technique-related information in the dynamic and complex context of a run is challenging, we present two studies. The first study investigates how runners adapt to two different vibration patterns; and the second study explores the temporality of the assistance through three different approaches: Continuous, periodical, and self-serviced. Based on these studies, we discuss and provide insights on interacting with technologies during runs.
The Cultural Myths and Realities of Classroom Teaching and Learning: A Personal Journey.

In this article, I argue that classroom teaching is structured by ritualized routines supported by widely held myths about learning and ability that are acquired through our common experiences as students. These ritualized routines and supporting myths are sustained not only by everyone’s common experience of schooling, but by teacher education practices, the ways we evaluate teachers’ classroom performance, and many common types of educational research. My own research on teaching over the last 45 years has produced a number of apparently contradictory and puzzling findings that have progressively led me to understand the nature and power of these routines and myths. While ritualized routines are necessary to allow a teacher to manage the experiences of 20–30 students simultaneously, they also explain why individual student experience and learning remain largely invisible to teachers. The problem is to find ways to stand outside the ritualized routines and myths to identify how they control what we perceive, believe, and do about reforming teaching and learning.
Differences in the Disposition of Silymarin between Patients with Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease and Chronic Hepatitis C

Silymarin, derived from the milk thistle plant Silybum marianum and widely used for self-treatment of liver diseases, is composed of six major flavonolignans including silybin A and silybin B, which are the predominant flavonolignans quantified in human plasma. The single- and multiple-dose pharmacokinetics of silymarin flavonolignans were examined in patients with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) or hepatitis C virus (HCV) to determine whether the disposition of silymarin and therefore its potential efficacy vary among liver disease populations. Cohorts of eight subjects with noncirrhotic liver disease were randomized 3:1 to oral silymarin or placebo (280 or 560 mg) every 8 h for 7 days. Forty-eight-hour blood sampling was conducted after the first and final doses. In general, plasma concentrations of silybin A and silybin B were higher, whereas concentrations of conjugates were lower in NAFLD compared with HCV. After adjustment of the area under plasma concentration-time curve from 0 to 8 h (AUC0–8 h) for weight and dose, only silybin B and silybin B conjugates differed significantly between disease types. For NAFLD, the adjusted mean AUC0–8 h was higher for silybin B (p < 0.05) but lower for silybin B conjugates (p < 0.05) compared with that for HCV. At the 280-mg dose, steady-state plasma concentrations of silybin B conjugates for NAFLD subjects were characterized by 46% lower AUC0–8 h (p < 0.05) and 42% lower Cmax (p < 0.05) compared with HCV subjects. Evidence of enterohepatic cycling of flavonolignans was only observed in NAFLD subjects. In summary, the efficacy of silymarin may be more readily observed in NAFLD patients because of their higher flavonolignan plasma concentrations and more extensive enterohepatic cycling compared with those in HCV patients.
Mapping the Boundaries of Courtship Disorder

The courtship disorder hypothesis maintains that voyeurism, exhibitionism, toucheurism‐frotteurism, and the preferential rape pattern are expressions of the same disorder (courtship disorder). Earlier studies had shown that with the exception of the preferential rape pattern these paraphilias co‐occur to a reasonably high degree. The present study (1) demonstrated that the preferential rape pattern co‐occurs with the above reasonably well established expressions of courtship disorder to a higher degree than other main paraphilic activity patterns do and (2) supported the conjecture that in addition to an erotic preference for unfamiliarity of target person‐or‐object (noted by earlier authors), three other paraphilic target‐person or object preferences may be connected with courtship disorder, though they are not at all virtually obligatory as is erotic unfamiliarity. These are choosing children and adults alike as target persons of the paraphilic activities, non‐gender dysphoric transvestism, and fetishism.
Leveraging sport mega-events: new model or convenient justification?

A range of recent studies have shown that the social and economic impacts of mega-events are often disappointing. This has stimulated interest in the notion of leveraging; an approach which views mega-events as a resource which can be levered to achieve outcomes which would not have happened automatically by staging an event. This paper aims to advance understanding about leveraging – by exploring the rationale for this approach and by identifying different types of leveraging and their relative merits. The work critically explores whether mega-event leveraging represents a new approach or whether it simply provides a convenient justification for expensive and controversial mega-event projects. The paper aims to enhance conceptual understanding, rather than to explore a specific case empirically; but a series of examples are used for illustrative purposes. These are drawn from projects adopted in association with the London 2012 Olympic and Paralympic Games.
Intellectual disabilities, challenging behaviour and referral texts: a critical discourse analysis

The texts of referrals written by workers in residential services for people with learning difficulties 1 constitute sites where contemporary discourses of intellectual disabilities are being constructed. This paper uses Critical Discourse Analysis to examine referrals made to a Community Learning Disability Team (CLDT). The study finds referral forms position the person with intellectual disabilities as a problem to be solved, as in need of surveillance, and show evidence of the routinisation of daily life, surveillance, and mortification of the self.
COGNITION IN SEEMINGLY RISKLESS CHOICES AND JUDGMENTS

The assumption of given and known preferences and possibilities so common in economic theory stands in contradiction with the kind of unsystematic changes that characterize many experimental and real situations. Consequently, the theory misspecifies rational choice and generates many puzzles relating to marginal analysis, sunk costs, judgments of fairness, the endowment effect, etc. We model rational cognition and learning in `seemingly riskless' choices and judgments. Preferences and possibilities are given in a stochastic sense and based on revisable expectations. The theory predicts experimental preference reversals and passes a sharp econometric test on the status quo bias drawn from a field study.
Transforming growth factor-beta 1 stimulates articular chondrocyte proteoglycan synthesis and induces osteophyte formation in the murine knee joint.

BACKGROUND High concentrations of active transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-beta) have been found in synovial fluids from arthritic joints. TGF-beta stimulates articular cartilage proteoglycan synthesis and suppresses proteoglycan degradation in vitro. In an earlier study, we found no effect on cartilage proteoglycan metabolism shortly after a single intra-articular injection of TGF-beta 1. In the present study, we used multiple intra-articular injections and a longer time-scale. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN TGF-beta 1 was injected into the murine knee joint to gain insight in the consequences of its overproduction in joint diseases. This was evaluated using histologic sections of the whole knee joint and measurements of articular cartilage proteoglycan synthesis and content. RESULTS At 6 hours after a single TGF-beta 1 injection, recruitment of polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMNs) was observed. After 24 hours, the amount of inflammatory cells had already decreased. Multiple TGF-beta 1 injections induced synovial hyperplasia and synovitis predominantly consisting of cells of the macrophage/monocyte lineage. Both single and multiple TGF-beta 1 injections induced strong and long-lasting stimulation of articular cartilage proteoglycan synthesis. This in vivo stimulation of proteoglycan synthesis was similar in cartilage of young (3 months) and old mice (18 months). Multiple TGF-beta 1 injections resulted in an increased GAG content in patellar cartilage. After triple TGF-beta 1 injections, impressive osteophyte formation was noted at specific sites. The size and the localization of osteophytes was identical in young and old mice. Interestingly, the localization of TGF-beta 1-induced osteophytes was very similar to that of osteophytes observed in experimental arthritis and osteoarthritis models, suggesting a role for endogenous TGF-beta in osteophyte formation during joint pathology. CONCLUSIONS Our data indicate that TGF-beta 1 injection into a normal joint induces inflammation, synovial hyperplasia, osteophyte formation, and prolonged elevation of proteoglycan synthesis and content in articular cartilage.
Capacity results and super-activation for wiretap channels with active wiretappers

The classical wiretap channel models secure communication in the presence of a nonlegitimate wiretapper who has to be kept ignorant. Traditionally, the wiretapper is passive in the sense that he only tries to eavesdrop the communication using his received channel output. In this paper, more powerful active wiretappers are studied. In addition to eavesdropping, these wiretappers are able to influence the communication conditions of all users by controlling the corresponding channel states. Since legitimate transmitters and receivers do not know the actual channel realization or the wiretapper's strategy of influencing the channel states, they are confronted with arbitrarily varying channel (AVC) conditions. The corresponding secure communication scenario is, therefore, given by the arbitrarily varying wiretap channel (AVWC). In the context of AVCs, common randomness (CR) has been shown to be an important resource for establishing reliable communication, in particular, if the AVC is symmetrizable. But availability of CR also affects the strategy space of an active wiretapper as he may or may not exploit the common randomness for selecting the channel states. Several secrecy capacity results are derived for the AVWC. In particular, the CR-assisted secrecy capacity of the AVWC with an active wiretapper exploiting CR is established and analyzed in detail. Finally, it is demonstrated for active wiretappers how two orthogonal AVWCs, each useless for transmission of secure messages, can be super-activated to a useful channel allowing for secure communication at nonzero secrecy rates. To the best of our knowledge, this is not possible for passive wiretappers and, further, provides the first example of such super-activation, which has been expected to appear only in the area of quantum communication. Such knowledge is particularly important as it provides valuable insights for the design and the medium access control of future wireless communication systems.
Prevalence of agr Specificity Groups among Staphylococcus aureus Strains Colonizing Children and Their Guardians

ABSTRACT PCR-based assays were used to evaluate agr locus nucleotide polymorphism for the identification of agr autoinducer receptor specificity groups within a population of Staphylococcus aureus isolates colonizing children and their guardians. All isolates could be assigned to one of three major agr groups that had similar prevalences, regardless of whether isolates were implicated in transmission of S. aureus within families. Among healthy carriers, agr groups I to III appear to be equally fit, which may reflect selection for the coexistence of S. aureus strains in a population.
Offline Assortment Optimization in the Presence of an Online Channel

Firms are increasingly selling through both offline and online channels, allowing customers to experience the touch and feel of product attributes before purchasing those products. Consequently, the selection of products offered offline affects the demand in both channels. We address how firms should select an optimal offline assortment to maximize profits across both channels; we call this the showcase decision problem. We incorporate the impact of physical evaluation on preferences into the consumer demand model. Under this model, we show that the decision problem is NP-hard. Analytically, we derive optimal results for special cases and near-optimal approximations for general cases. Empirically, we use conjoint analysis to identify changes in consumer preferences resulting from physically evaluating products. For this application, we demonstrate gains in expected revenue of up to 40% due to accounting for the impact of offline assortment on the online sales. The online appendix is available at https://d.
Acoustic flow for robot motion control

In this paper we explore the use of 3D acoustic flow fields to steer robot motion. We derive the 3D velocity fields set up by linear and rotational robot motions and explain how they can be sampled directly by a sonar array-sensor that we developed recently. The resulting acoustic flow field patterns are then shown to contain all the information necessary for controlling obstacle avoidance and corridor following behavior. Experimental data collected by the sonar system mounted on a wheelchair that was driven in an office environment are presented to validate the theoretically predicted acoustic flow patterns.
Estimating connectivity in marine populations: an empirical evaluation of assignment tests and parentage analysis under different gene flow scenarios

The application of spatially explicit models of population dynamics to fisheries management and the design marine reserve network systems has been limited due to a lack of empirical estimates of larval dispersal. Here we compared assignment tests and parentage analysis for examining larval retention and connectivity under two different gene flow scenarios using panda clownfish (Amphiprion polymnus) in Papua New Guinea. A metapopulation of panda clownfish in Bootless Bay with little or no genetic differentiation among five spatially discrete locations separated by 2–6 km provided the high gene flow scenario. The low gene flow scenario compared the Bootless Bay metapopulation with a genetically distinct population (FST = 0.1) located at Schumann Island, New Britain, 1500 km to the northeast. We used assignment tests and parentage analysis based on microsatellite DNA data to identify natal origins of 177 juveniles in Bootless Bay and 73 juveniles at Schumann Island. At low rates of gene flow, assignment tests correctly classified juveniles to their source population. On the other hand, parentage analysis led to an overestimate of self‐recruitment within the two populations due to the significant deviation from panmixia when both populations were pooled. At high gene flow (within Bootless Bay), assignment tests underestimated self‐recruitment and connectivity among subpopulations, and grossly overestimated self‐recruitment within the overall metapopulation. However, the assignment tests did identify immigrants from distant (genetically distinct) populations. Parentage analysis clearly provided the most accurate estimates of connectivity in situations of high gene flow.
Hyaluronan synthase 3 overexpression promotes the growth of TSU prostate cancer cells.

Hyaluronan synthase 3 (HAS3) is responsible for the production of both secreted and cell-associated forms of hyaluronan and is the most active of the three isoforms of this enzyme in adults. In this study, the cDNA for human HAS3 was cloned and characterized. The open reading frame consisted of 1659 bp coding for 553 amino acids with a deduced molecular weight of about 63,000 and isoelectric pH of 8.70. The sequence of human HAS3 displayed a 53% identity to HAS1 and a 67% identity to HAS2. It also contained a signal peptide and six potential transmembrane domains, suggesting that it was associated with the plasma membrane. To evaluate the physiological role of human HAS3, expression vectors for this protein were transfected into TSU cells (a prostate cancer cell line), and the phenotypic changes in these cells were examined. The enhanced expression of hyaluronan in the transfected cells was demonstrated by dot blot analysis and ELISA. These cells were found to differ from their vector-transfected counterparts with respect to the following: (a) they grew at a faster rate in high (but not low) density cultures; (b) conditioned media from these cells stimulated the proliferation and migration of endothelial cells; (c) when placed on the chorioallantoic membrane of chicken embryos, these cells formed large, dispersed xenografts, whereas the control transfectants formed compact masses; and (d) when injected s.c. into nude mice, the xenografts formed by HAS3 transfectants were bigger than those formed by control transfectants. Histological examination of these xenografts revealed the presence of extracellular hyaluronan that could act as conduits for the diffusion of nutrients. In addition, they had a greater number of blood vessels. However, the HAS3-transfected TSU cells did not display increased metastatic properties as judged by their ability to form lung masses after i.v. injection. These results suggested that the HAS3-induced overexpression of hyaluronan enhanced tumor cell growth, extracellular matrix deposition, and angiogenesis but was not sufficient to induce metastatic behavior in TSU cells.