Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The acoustic ecology of submerged macrophytes

As a preliminary step toward development of a predictive model of sound speed in water containing seagrass, the acoustic and material properties of leaf tissue for Thalassia testudinum, Syringodium filiforme and Halodule wrightii were assessed using a one-dimensional acoustic resonator and computed tomography imagery. The high-resolution three-dimensional imagery provided valuable information about leaf morphology and produced precise estimates for plant tissue volume and the volume of air contained within the aerenchyma of the plant tissue, which in turn yielded measurements of the plant tissue density (Thalassia = 1032.34 ± 115.42 kg·m; Syringodium = 664.17 ± 10.38 kg·m; Halodule = 964.96 ± 21.72 kg·m). The acoustic resonator technique was used to investigate the species-specific and biomass-dependent differences in the propagation of sound through seawater containing seagrass leaves in the 0.2 kHz to10 kHz frequency band. The three species each caused a unique decrease in sound speed with an increase in biomass. The values for leaf air volume, tissue volume and tissue density were then combined with the results of the acoustic experiments and an effective medium acoustic model to determine the acoustic compressibility of the leaves. Further implementation of two effective medium models failed to yield measurements of leaf tissue compressibility. Failure of these models indicates that tissue elasticity and structure must be considered for a complete understanding of acoustic propagation in seagrass meadows.
The Accumulation of Volatile Compounds and the Change in the Morphology of the Leaf Wax Cover Accompanied the “Anti-Aging” Effect in Anethum graveolens L. Plants Sprayed with 6-Benzylaminopurine

Essential oils (EOs) are of commercial importance for medicine, food, cosmetics, the perfume industry, and agriculture. In plants, EOs, like the wax cover, serve as protection against abiotic stresses, such as high temperatures and water deficiency. The use of spraying with exogenous hormones of aromatic plants affects the accumulation and composition of volatile compounds, as well as tolerance to abiotic stress. As a result of cytokinin treatment with 6-BAP (6-benzylaminopurine) (200 mg L−l) of Anetum graveolens L. “Uzory” and “Rusich” varieties, several responses to its action were revealed: a change in the division of leaf blades, inhibition of flowering, an increase in the content of EO and its main components α-phellandrene and p-cymene in leaves, and limonene in umbels and fruits. It was revealed that the increased accumulation of EO in dill leaves was longer with sufficient moisture. In contrast, under conditions of heat and water deficiency, the effect of 6-BAP treatment on accumulations of the EO in leaves was short-lived and did not appear on umbels and fruits. The study of the cytokinin effect on a fine structure of a wax cover on the adaxial side of leaves by scanning electron microscopy revealed a change in its elements (from amorphous layers with scales to thin tubules), which probably increased the sensitivity of leaves to water deficiency and, consequently, led to a decrease in the biosynthetic activity of leaf tissue. Thus, 6-BAP had an impact on the adaptive properties of dill plants, prolonging the “youth” of vegetative organs and the ability to EO biosynthesis under conditions of sufficient moisture.
Behavioral Effects and Analgesic Profile of Hemoglobin-Derived Valorphin and Its Synthetic Analog in Rodents

Valorphin (V1) is a naturally occurring peptide derived from hemoglobin that has been found to have an affinity for opioid receptors and exhibits antinociceptive and anticonvulsant activity. Some of its synthetic analogs containing an aminophosphonate moiety show structure-dependent potent antinociceptive effects. This study aimed to reveal a detailed picture of the antinociceptive mechanisms and behavioral effects of V1 and its recently synthesized phosphopeptide analog V2p in rodents using a range of methods. The studied peptides significantly reduced acute (mean V1–9.0, V2p–5.8 vs. controls–54.1 s) and inflammatory (mean V1–57.9 and V2p–53.3 vs. controls–107.6 s) nociceptive pain in the formalin test, as well as carrageenan-induced hyperalgesia (mean V1–184.7 and V2p–107.3 vs. controls–61.8 g) in the paw pressure test. These effects are mediated by activation of opioid receptors with a predominance of kappa in V1 antinociception and by delta, kappa, and mu receptors in V2p-induced antinociception. Both peptides did not change the levels of TNF-alpha and IL-1-beta in blood serum. V1 induces depression-like behavior, and V2p shows a tendency toward anxiolysis and short-term impairment of motor coordination without affecting exploratory behavior. The results characterize valorphin and its derivative as promising analgesics that exert their effects both centrally and peripherally, without causing severe behavioral changes in experimental animals. These encouraging data are a foundation for future studies focusing on the effects of hemorphins after long-term treatment.
Embodied carbon quantification of luminaires using life cycle assessment and CIBSE TM65 methodologies: A comparison case study

The European legislative landscape on sustainability is steadily growing to meet objectives to reach net zero targets by mid‐century. In this context, companies and manufacturers may soon be legally required to provide quantification of the environmental impact of their products and services. A key challenge is applying a consistent and robust methodology that ensures comparability between assessments made by different companies, as there is still fragmentation among environmental impact reporting methodologies. The objective of this study is to analyze and compare the results of two different methodologies for the calculation of the embodied carbon in lighting products using the cradle‐to‐grave approach. One is the globally known life cycle assessment (LCA) method, and the other is Chartered Institution of Building Services Engineers Technical Memorandum 65's (TM65) mid‐level calculation methodology, which has been specifically tailored to building services. The two were applied to six different luminaires to evaluate their differences. Results show that the values of the embodied carbon calculated with TM65 are higher than those calculated with LCA and that the weight of the products plays a crucial role in creating discrepancies between the two methodologies.
Inscriptional Practices in Undergraduate Introductory Science Courses: A Path toward Improving Prospective K-6 Teachers' Understanding and Teaching of Science.

Inscriptions play a critical role in the creation and communication of scientific knowledge, yet are afforded little status in traditional science education research and practice. In the vast majority of science classrooms, K-12 and university alike, inscriptions are treated as transparent, unproblematic illustrations of the "content" rather than complex, nuanced renderings of natural phenomena that are part and parcel of the content itself. In an effort to better understand the science preparation of pre-service K-6 teachers, we observed lectures and labs in two introductory non-majors science courses, biology and geology, paying particular attention to instructors' inscriptional practices with an awareness of the constraints under which instructors in such classes do their teaching. Based on these observations as well as formal interviews and informal conversations with course instructors, we present four episodes from course instruction to illustrate both the nature of instructors' inscriptional practices in situ and how one might build on these practices in ways that would support the development of deeper understandings of what it means to do science. We argue that expanding the purview of the science lecture to include inscriptional practices (and other practices in which scientists regularly engage) will better prepare pre-service teachers to support their students development of deeper understandings of the scientific enterprise and more broadly contribute to increased scientific literacy in the general population.
Laboratory studies of the operation of a single-phase solid-state transformer when operating from a wind turbine

The article describes a laboratory equipment for studying the operation of a single-phase solid-state transformer when operating from a wind turbine. Oscillograms of currents and oscillograms of voltages are given during the operation of a solid-state transformer from a voltage source. To simulate a wind turbine, the "actuating mechanism - generator" assembly was used. Wind gusts were simulated using a frequency converter. The key elements of the solid-state transformer - a dual active bridge - were controlled by the phase shift method. Critical points were found that could not be foreseen in a theoretical or simulation study. The experiment showed the perspective of using new technologies to maintain a stable output voltage frequency and voltage level.
INITIATION-RESPONSE-FEEDBACK (IRF) ANALYSIS IN ENGLISH CLASSROOM INTERACTION AT THE EIGHTH GRADE OF UPTD SMP NEGERI 4 MANDREHE IN 2022/2023

The objective of the research is find out the dominant and why do the dominant applied teacher and students in classroom interaction at the Eighth Grade of UPTD SMP Negeri 4 Mandrehe in 2022/2023. The subjects were class VIII B with 21 students and 1 English teacher. The research findings was concluded that the teacher-students of VIII-B of UPTD SMP Negeri 4 Mandrehe in English classroom interaction through IRF (Initiation-Response-Feedback) was the dominan applied in classrom interaction in initiation is convergent question there were 32 (51%). In response, it found that the dominant applied in classroom interaction in response is similar students’ response there were 41 (64%), The last is Feedback it found that the dominant applied in classroom interaction in feedback is acknowledging a correct there were 24 (62%) the teacher praises the student for a correct answer. Based on the findings, the researcher recommends that teachers should be use a variety of question, this helps to encourage students’ critical thinking and creativity. Then, teachers should give feedback to students who answer questions to show that the teacher values their participation in class interaction.
Differences in Technical and Tactical Efficiency between Winning and Defeated Water Polo Teams: A Comparative Analysis

Notation analysis is basically the gathering and analyzing of information that has been gained from observing performance in a competitive situation. The aim of this paper was to determine and explain the results and differences in technical and tactical efficiency in men’s water polo between winning and defeated teams. The sample of the entities included 31 matches from the men’s tournament held at the Olympic Games in Tokyo 2021. The sample of variables covered 18 defense and attack parameters of efficiency. Using a t-test for independent samples led to a result that the winning and losing teams differed significantly in four variables. Significant differences of winning teams in the realization with an equal number of players was probably stemmed from having better skills in achieving optimal conditions in preparation and performance. The reasons for the superiority of the winning teams in the part of defensive actions can probably be found in better and more coordinated actions of all defensive players in exclusions, blocking the ball and goalkeeper shot saves. These findings encourage coaches to improve players’ skills by providing optimal conditions for the part of the technical-tactical solutions in defense and attack.
Flavobacterium sp. strain GJW24 ameliorates drought resistance in Arabidopsis and Brassica

Candidate strains that contribute to drought resistance in plants have been previously screened using approximately 500 plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) obtained from Gotjawal, South Korea, to further understand PGPR associated with plant drought tolerance. In this study, a selected PGPR candidate, Flavobacterium sp. strain GJW24, was employed to enhance plant drought tolerance. GJW24 application to Arabidopsis increased its survival rate under drought stress and enhanced stomatal closure. Furthermore, GJW24 promoted Arabidopsis survival under salt stress, which is highly associated with drought stress. GJW24 ameliorated the drought/salt tolerance of Brassica as well as Arabidopsis, indicating that the drought-resistance characteristics of GJW24 could be applied to various plant species. Transcriptome sequencing revealed that GJW24 upregulated a large portion of drought- and drought-related stress-inducible genes in Arabidopsis. Moreover, Gene Ontology analysis revealed that GJW24-upregulated genes were highly related to the categories involved in root system architecture and development, which are connected to amelioration of plant drought resistance. The hyper-induction of many drought/salt-responsive genes by GJW24 in Arabidopsis and Brassica demonstrated that the drought/salt stress tolerance conferred by GJW24 might be achieved, at least in part, through regulating the expression of the corresponding genes. This study suggests that GJW24 can be utilized as a microbial agent to offset the detrimental effects of drought stress in plants.
Petrogenesis of Early Cretaceous bimodal volcanic rocks in the Fanchang Basin, SE China: an energy-constrained assimilation–fractional crystallization model

Volcanic rocks in the Middle–Lower Yangtze River Valley (MLYRV) constitute a bimodal magmatic suite, with a significant compositional gap (between 50% and 63% SiO2) between the mafic and felsic members. The suite is characterized by a relatively wide spectrum of rock types, including basalts, trachytes, and rhyolites. The basaltic rocks have low-to-moderate SiO2 contents of 46.00–50.01%, whereas the trachytes and rhyolites possess SiO2 contents in the range of 63.08–77.61%. Rocks of the bimodal suite show moderate enrichment of LILEs, negative Nb, Ta, and Ti anomalies, and are significantly enriched in LREEs. The basalts were most likely generated by parental mafic magmas derived from enriched lithospheric mantle with minor assimilation of crustal materials involving coeval crystal fractionation during magma evolution. The results of energy-constrained assimilation and fractional crystallization simulations demonstrate that the felsic magma was produced by the mixing of 5–20% lower crustal anatectic melts with an evolved mafic magma (∼48% SiO2) and accompanied by extensive clinopyroxene, plagioclase, biotite, and Fe–Ti oxide fractionation. Our model for the genesis of felsic rocks in bimodal suites is different from the traditional models of crustal melting and fractional crystallization or assimilation–fractional crystallization of basaltic liquids.
Arm-Mounted Assistive Robot for Measuring Contact Force and Evaluating Wearer Safety

We developed a wearable assistive robot that directly measures the contact force acting between the robot and the human body, aiming to enhance the safety of such wearable devices. The force acting on the body is not directly measured, instead, it is estimated by measuring the torque acting on the robot joint in the wearable assistive robot. Despite the risk of failing to recognize dangerous forces due to modeling errors, the forces actually at work have not been examined. Here, we developed an arm-mounted assistive robot that directly measures the contact force as the distribution information to build a system and evaluate safety; in addition, the contact state between the robot and the human body was discussed. Accordingly, two experiments were conducted with 10 subjects. The first verified the contact force measurement performance of the robot, while the second demonstrated the application of contact force information to check the safety of the robot. The proposed robot can accurately measure the contact force, and the robot movement is safe under general control, for example, using the pain tolerance limit as the safety index. This eliminated the risk of not directly monitoring the forces acting on the surface of the human body. Furthermore, our result have implication for evaluating structural problems of the robot by evaluating contact conditions during movements.
Orbital‐ and millennial‐scale climate and vegetation changes between 32.5 and 6.9k cal a BP from Hanon Maar paleolake on Jeju Island, South Korea

Orbital‐ and millennial‐scale climate and vegetation changes between 32.5 and 6.9k cal a BP from Hanon Maar paleolake on Jeju Island, Korea, were demonstrated by high‐resolution multi‐proxy data (pollen, magnetic susceptibility, total organic carbon, carbon/nitrogen ratios and sediment grain size). High‐resolution pollen records provided detailed information on the vegetation response to climate change. The Thalictrum pollen percentage, which corresponded to the magnetic susceptibility data, and the first principal component of principal‐component analysis of pollen data were good indicators of the orbital‐ and millennial‐scale dry/wet cycle in the study area. Hanon pollen and magnetic susceptibility records suggested that colder and drier conditions were prevalent between 25.2 and 17.6k cal a BP in the study area due to a precession‐induced decrease in summer insolation. Hanon multi‐proxy data were correlated with oxygen isotope records from Greenland and Hulu cave, suggesting the possible teleconnection of millennial‐scale climate oscillations between North Atlantic and East Asian regions. According to our results, Heinrich‐like cold events probably occurred around 31.1, 25.2 and 16.7k cal a BP, and the warm intervals observed around 30.7 and 29.9k cal a BP may have corresponded to Dansgaard–Oeschger warm events 4 and 3, respectively.
The Intervention Program effect on the Quality of Children’s Body Posture at Elementary Education Level

The goal of this research was to determine the impact of an intervention program containing music-accompanied sport and dance activities on the quality of pupils’ body posture at the elementary level of education in physical and sports education classes. The research sample comprised Ʃ 102 pupils at the primary level of education, 53 of whom were boys with a decimal age of 8.83±0.69 and 49 were girls with a decimal age of 8.77±0.68. They were subjected to testing according to the Klein and Thomas method modified by Mayer. The output results of the posture diagnostics confirmed the significant effect of targeted exercises on the overall posture of boys with a substantial effect (Z=-6.131, p<0.05, r=0.60 – substantial effect). The greatest influence in the boys’ group was confirmed in the general spine curvature in the sagittal plane (Z=-5.209, p<0.05, r=0.51 – substantial effect). In the girls’ group, the targeted movement program was confirmed to have a substantial effect on overall body posture (Z=-5.793, p<0.05, r=0.59). In all other segments, it was significantly manifested with a medium effect. It was concluded that none of the participants had flawless posture. After the application of the intervention program, good posture was demonstrated by 62.2% of boys and 61.1% of girls. In the output test, the posture of 37.7% of boys and 38.8% of girls was incorrect. None of the pupils was diagnosed with very bad posture after the application of the intervention program. The relationship between BMI and posture assessment of the respondents was assessed. The results of the correlation of BMI values (r=0.007, p>0.05) and overall body posture did not show statistical dependence in both sexes. The intervention program including music-movement and dance elements had a significant effect on improving the posture quality of both boys and girls. The program supported by a musical piece was perceived positively by the pupils for its variety and emotionality. The program should be applied in the physical education classes at a frequency of minimum 2 times a week.
Large Intron Inversions in Romanian Patients with Hemophilia A—First Report

Background and Objectives: Despite the vast heterogeneity in the genetic defects causing hemophilia A (HA), large intron inversions represent a major cause of disease, accounting for almost half of the cases of severe HA worldwide. We investigated the intron 22 and intron 1 inversion status in a cohort of Romanian unrelated patients with severe HA. Moreover, we evaluated the role of these inversions as relative risk factors in inhibitor occurrence. Materials and Methods: Inverse shifting—a polymerase chain reaction method was used to detect the presence of intron 22 and intron 1 inversions in 156 Romanian patients with HA. Results: Intron inversion 22 was found in 41.7% of the patients, while intron 1 inversion was detected in 3.2% of the patients. Overall, large intron inversions represented the molecular defect in 44.9% of the studied patients. Our findings are in accord with previously published reports from Eastern Europe countries and with other international studies. The risk of inhibitor development was higher in patients with inversion 1 compared to the patients with HA without any inversion detected. Conclusions: The current study demonstrates the major causative role of large intron inversions in severe HA in Romanian patients. Moreover, our study confirms the contribution of intron 1 inversion in inhibitor development.
The vegetation and waterlogging dynamics as derived from spaceborne multispectral and multitemporal data

Poor water management coupled with inadequate drainage in the irrigated commands of the arid and semi-arid regions leads to waterlogging and subsequent salinization and alkalization. Space-borne multispectral data have been found to be extremely useful in deriving information on salt-affected soils and waterlogged areas. The study, reported here, aims at delineating and monitoring the extent of waterlogged areas and vegetation cover in part of the Indira Gandhi Canal command area, Rajasthan State, Western India, during the period 1975 to 1995 using Landsat Multi-Spectral Scanner (MSS) and Thematic Mapper (TM), and the Indian Remote Sensing Satellite (IRS-1A) Linear Imaging Self-scanning Sensor (LISS-I) data. Vegetation condition was assessed by generating the Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI ) from multispectral digital data whereas waterlogged areas were delineated through a systematic visual interpretation approach. An objective comparison of the temporal NDVI images has revealed two striking phenomena: (i) the areas which were non-vegetated during 1975 were found supporting more and more vegetation especially crops in successive years due to introduction of canal irrigation; and (ii) the palaeochannel (old river course) which supported very good crops during 1975 gradually became waterlogged during the 20 year period thereby resulting in the extinction of croplands therein. The detailed methodology and observations made are reported in the article.