Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Towards a balanced social psychology: Causes, consequences, and cures for the problem-seeking approach to social behavior and cognition

Mainstream social psychology focuses on how people characteristically violate norms of action through social misbehaviors such as conformity with false majority judgments, destructive obedience, and failures to help those in need. Likewise, they are seen to violate norms of reasoning through cognitive errors such as misuse of social information, self-enhancement, and an over-readiness to attribute dispositional characteristics. The causes of this negative research emphasis include the apparent informativeness of norm violation, the status of good behavior and judgment as unconfirmable null hypotheses, and the allure of counter-intuitive findings. The shortcomings of this orientation include frequently erroneous imputations of error, findings of mutually contradictory errors, incoherent interpretations of error, an inability to explain the sources of behavioral or cognitive achievement, and the inhibition of generalized theory. Possible remedies include increased attention to the complete range of behavior and judgmental accomplishment, analytic reforms emphasizing effect sizes and Bayesian inference, and a theoretical paradigm able to account for both the sources of accomplishment and of error. A more balanced social psychology would yield not only a more positive view of human nature, but also an improved understanding of the bases of good behavior and accurate judgment, coherent explanations of occasional lapses, and theoretically grounded suggestions for improvement.
How dangerous are falls in old people at home?

evidence that they diminish the chance of developing afebrile epilepsy in later life. Prolonged convulsions impair cerebral function whether they are associated with fever or not, and I agree that the main indications for prophylaxis are the severity or frequency of fits. I rarely recommend prophylaxis after one short seizure, but I might consider it if the child has indications of a low epileptic threshold (such as abnormal neurological development or early age of onset), particularly if the family live far from emergency medical attention. At present, sodium valproate is my drug of choice if I consider prophylaxis to be appropriate; but it is not free from side effects, which include liver toxicity, thrombocytopenia, nausea, obesity, and alopecia, and probably some depression of cerebral function.
A Survey of Escherichia coli and Salmonella in the Hyporheic Zone of a Subtropical Stream: Their Bacteriological, Physicochemical and Environmental Relationships

The Hyporheic Zone is among the most important interstitial freshwater habitats, but the relationship between biotic and abiotic factors in this zone remains under-explored. Enterobacteria were expected to be present, but no specific studies had ever confirmed this prediction. The aim of this study was, therefore, to evaluate the total coliforms, Escherichia coli and Salmonella spp. in hyporheic water and to determine the relationship of the physical, chemical and environmental factors at different depths in a rainforest stream. To this end, thirty-six water samples were collected at three depths in sites located in the first, second and third orders in diverse substrates. The total coliforms, Escherichia coli and Salmonella sp. were evaluated in terms of their CFU/ml. In the interstitial samples, coliforms were detected in 100% of the samples. The total coliform counts had higher values at intermediate depths, while E. coli and Salmonella spp. instead had higher values at intermediate and large depths, often reaching or exceeding the values of the surface samples. Our results revealed that Salmonella spp. and the coliforms have different microhabitat preferences. Salmonella spp. and coliform species prefer deposition areas, such as lateral sides of pools, curves and bars, but they have a tendency to distribute into different depths, likely due to temperature differences. Salmonella spp. prefer compact substrata, with fewer fluids passing through and with upwelling areas with lower oxygen inflow. The coliform species showed the opposite preference. Our results suggest that bacterial variation is related to environmental factors and physical-chemical parameters within the HZ and may play a key role in the microbial diversity and distribution in these ecosystems.
Feature selection for object detection: The best group vs. the group of best

The problem of visual object detection, the goal of which is to predict the locations and sizes of all objects of a given visual category (e.g., cars) in a given set of images, is often based on a possibly large set of local features, only a few of which might actually be useful for the given detection setup. Feature selection is concerned with finding a `useful' subset of features. In this paper, we compare two approaches to feature selection in a visual object detection setup. One of them selects features based on their individual utility scores alone, regardless of possible interdependence with other features. The other approach employs the AdaBoost framework and hence implicitly deals with interdependence. Using two feature extraction methods and several image datasets, we experimentally confirm the significance of feature interdependence: features that perform well individually do not necessarily perform well as a group.
How dry is the tropical free troposphere? : Implications for global warming theory

The humidity of the free troposphere is being increasingly scrutinized in climate research due to its central role in global warming theory through positive water vapor feedback. This feedback is the primary source of global warming in general circulation models (GCMs). Because the loss of infrared energy to space increases nonlinearly with decreases in relative humidity, the vast dry zones in the Tropics are of particular interest. These dry zones are nearly devoid of radiosonde stations, and most of those stations have, until recently, ignored the low humidity information from the sondes. This results in substantial uncertainty in GCM tuning and validation based on sonde data. While satellite infrared radiometers are now beginning to reveal some information about the aridity of the tropical free troposphere, the authors show that the latest microwave humidity sounder data suggests even drier conditions than have been previously reported. This underscores the importance of understanding how these low humidity levels are controlled in order to tune and validate GCMs, and to predict the magnitude of water vapor feedback and thus the magnitude of global warming.
Filgrastim XM02 (Tevagrastim®) after autologous stem cell transplantation compared to lenograstim: favourable cost-efficacy analysis

Purpose Granulocyte colony-stimulating factors (G-CSFs), filgrastim and lenograstim, are recognised to be useful in accelerating engraftment after autologous stem cell transplantation. Several forms of biosimilar non-glycosylated G-CSF have been approved by the European Medicines Agency, with limited published data supporting the clinical equivalence in peripheral blood stem cell mobilisation and recovery after autologous stem cell transplantation. Method With the aim of comparing cost-effective strategies in the use of G-CSF after autologous stem cell transplantation, we retrospectively evaluated 32 patients consecutively treated with biosimilar filgrastim XM02 (Tevagrastim) and 26 with lenograstim. All patients received G-CSF (biosimilar or lenograstim) at a dosage of 5 mcg/kg/day subcutaneously from day 5 to absolute neutrophil count of 1500/mmc for three days. Results The median time to absolute neutrophil count engraftment was 11 days for the filgrastim XM02 group and 12 days for the lenograstim group. As for platelets recovery, the median time was 12 days in both groups. The median number of G-CSF vials used for patients was 9.5 for Tevagrastim and 10.5 for lenograstim, reflecting a mean estimated cost of about 556.1 euros for Tevagrastim versus 932.2 euros for lenograstim (p< 0.001). The median days of febrile neutropenia were 1.5 and 1 for filgrastim XM02 and lenograstim, respectively. No adverse event related to the use of XM02 filgrastim was recorded. Conclusion In our experience, filgrastim XM02 and lenograstim showed comparable efficacy in shortening the period of neutropenia after cytoreduction and autologous stem cell transplantation, with a favourable cost effect for filgrastim XM02.
ITERATIVE PRISONER'S DILEMMA: A PROGRAM FOR INSTRUCTIONAL AND EXPERIMENTAL USE

This paper provides an introduction to a program called DILEMMA, written in Turbo Pascal for the IBM-PC, which illustrates the iterative prisoner's dilemma (henceforth, PD) game. The PD is a game theoretic model that has many applications in the social sciences, particularly in our field of international relations. It can be applied to arms races, mobilization races, alliance cohesion, decisions to initiate and escalate wars, or any collective goods problem.
High pretransplant HBV level predicts HBV reactivation after kidney transplantation in HBV infected recipients

Purpose HBsAg-positive kidney recipients are at increased risk for mortality and graft failure. The aims of this study were to identify the outcomes of HBsAg-positive recipients who received preemptive antiviral agents after successful kidney transplantation and to analyze risk factors for HBV reactivation. Methods We retrospectively reviewed the medical records of 944 patients performed kidney transplantation between 1999 and 2010. Results HBsAg-negative recipients were 902 patients and HBsAg-positive recipients, 42. Among HBsAg-positive recipients, HBV reactivation was detected in 7 patients and well controlled by switch or combination therapy. Graft failure developed in only one patient due to chronic rejection regardless of HBV reactivation but no deaths occurred. All patients were alive at the end of follow-up and none developed end-stage liver disease or hepatocellular carcinoma. There was statistically significant difference in graft survival between HBsAg-positive recipients and HBsAg-negative. Multivariate analysis identified increased HBV DNA levels (>5 × 104 IU/mL) in the HBsAg-positive kidney transplant recipients as a risk factor for HBV reactivation (P = 0.007). Conclusion Effective viral suppression with antiviral agents in HBsAg-positive renal transplant recipients improves patient outcome and allograft survival. Antiviral therapy may be especially beneficial in patients with high HBV DNA levels prior to transplantation.
Electric motor efficiency optimization as applied to electric vehicles

This work contributes to the development of control techniques for the drive systems of battery-powered electric vehicles, hybrid electric vehicles HEVs, 1st by introducing the design of a new motor efficient controller, in order to improve the energy efficiency of electric motors drives in HEVs and 2nd to achieve a fast torque response by applying a Seamless Direct Torque Control (DTC) method for the electric motor Variable Speed Drive (instead the commonly used FOC method), in the HEVs technology. The design of a Motor Efficiency Controller, based on the optimum reduction of the electric motor's magnetic flux, which achieves fast and accurate convergence to the point of electric motor's electromagnetic loss minimization in case of changes in load or in speed, as well as to be insensitivity to electric motor's parameters variations.
Actinomycosis of bone with special reference to infection of vertebral column.

1. The pathology of actinomycosis is briefly summarised, especially its method of invading bone by direct spread. 2. The manifestations, diagnosis and treatment of spinal involvement are considered. 3. The literature is brought up to date with a ) a summary of fifteen cases published since the last collected series (forty-seven cases), and b ) notes of three cases previously unreported, making, with the case reported on page 215 by Mr Brett, sixty-six cases in the literature.
Genetics and Function of Neocortical GABAergic Interneurons in Neurodevelopmental Disorders

A dysfunction of cortical and limbic GABAergic circuits has been postulated to contribute to multiple neurodevelopmental disorders in humans, including schizophrenia, autism, and epilepsy. In the current paper, I summarize the characteristics that underlie the great diversity of cortical GABAergic interneurons and explore how the multiple roles of these cells in developing and mature circuits might contribute to the aforementioned disorders. Furthermore, I review the tightly controlled genetic cascades that determine the fate of cortical interneurons and summarize how the dysfunction of genes important for the generation, specification, maturation, and function of cortical interneurons might contribute to these disorders.
Follow‐up Study of Male and Female Offspring of DES‐Exposed Mothers

This follow-up study presents the effects of DES on the genital tract of male and female offspring of mothers who were part of a double-blind, placebo-controlled investigation during 1951 and 1952 aimed at determining the effect of DES on pregnancy. Epididymal cysts, hypotrophic testes, and capsular induration were the more common genital lesions found in 25% of 163 DES-exposed males as compared to 6% in 168 control males. Semen analysis data on 39 subjects of the DES-exposed group and 25 subjects of the control group showed that 26% of the DES-exposed group produced an ejaculate volume under 1.5 ml; no such cases were observed in the control group. The average values for sperm density and total motile spermatozoa per ejaculate, although in the normal range, were more than two times lower in the DES-exposed group as compared to the controls. A quality score of > 10 (“severely pathologic semen”) was found in 28% of the DES-exposed group as compared to 0 in the control group. An association of pathologic semen quality with physical abnormalities was found only in the DES-exposed group. Two cases of azoospermia, one without genital abnormalities on physical examination and one with bilateral hypotrophic testes were observed so far in the DES-exposed group. Eighteen percent of 229 DES-exposed female patients had irregular menstrual cycles (oligomenorrhea) as compared to 10% of 136 controls. The history of pregnancy revealed a lower incidence of pregnancy in the DES-exposed group (18%) than in the control group (33%). Circumferential ridges of the vagina and cervix were seen in 40% of 229 DES-exposed females but in none of 136 controls. Colposcopic findings in the vagina revealed adenosis in 66.8% of the DES-exposed females and in 3.6% of the control group. Dysplastic lesions were more prevalent in the vagina and cervix of the DES-exposed subjects. No cases of cancer were observed in either the male or female offspring.
Brain trace elements in Pick's disease

The trace element content of the brain of two patients with Pick's disease examined postmortem was studied using instrumental neutron activation analysis. Results showed significant increases in chlorine, iron, manganese, sodium, and phosphorus and significant decreases in chromium, cesium, rubidium, and selenium and in the mean freeze‐dried to wet‐weight ratio for patients with Pick's disease compared with control patients. Brain zinc content was not elevated in the two patients, a finding that fails to support the hypothesis that elevated zinc levels play a role in the pathogenesis of Pick's disease.
Virtual Screening of Conjugated Polymers for Organic Photovoltaic Devices Using Support Vector Machines and Ensemble Learning

Herein, we report virtual screening of potential semiconductor polymers for high-performance organic photovoltaic (OPV) devices using various machine learning algorithms. We particularly focus on support vector machine (SVM) and ensemble learning approaches. We found that the power conversion efficiencies of the device prepared with the polymer candidates can be predicted with their structure fingerprints as the only inputs. In other words, no preliminary knowledge about material properties was required. Additionally, the predictive performance could be further improved by “blending” the results of the SVM and random forest models. The resulting ensemble learning algorithm might open up a new opportunity for more precise, high-throughput virtual screening of conjugated polymers for OPV devices.
Differences in the kinematics of the baseball swing between hitters of varying skill.

PURPOSE The aim of this study was to determine differences in bat swing kinematics in baseball hitters of varying ability. METHODS Kinematic data for the upper and lower body were collected from 20 trained male baseball players (22.3 ± 5.3 yr, 1.82 ± 0.07 m, 83.5 ± 10.9 kg), using three-dimensional computerized motion-analysis techniques. Participants were ranked before testing based on a novel coach's rating scale and seasonal batting average. They were subsequently separated into a relatively high-caliber group of hitters (n = 10) and a relatively low-caliber group of hitters (n = 10) for comparison. Importantly, the two groups were significantly different in terms of coach's rating (P < 0.01) and batting average (P < 0.05). RESULTS The results showed a significant difference in maximum bat swing velocity (P < 0.05) with high-caliber hitters having a higher velocity (36.8 m · s) in comparison with relatively low-caliber hitters (33.8 m · s). Lead elbow maximum angular velocity was significantly higher (35.9%) among relatively high-caliber hitters (P < 0.05). Angular velocity of the hip segment approached significance between the groups (P = 0.056). High-caliber hitters also had a right knee angle of 106° at ball contact, which was significantly (P < 0.05) higher than that of relatively low-caliber hitters (100°). There were no between-group differences for wrist and linear hip joint velocities at ball contact. CONCLUSIONS It was established that bat swing velocity is a key characteristic of the baseball swing when identifying skill level and performance between hitters. In addition, high-caliber hitters display greater lead elbow maximum angular velocity possibly because of achieving a higher angular hip segment velocity early in the swing. It is noted that although these attributes differentiate hitters of varying skill level, future research should examine whether developing these characteristics in players of lower ability improves batting performance.
High HIV Testing Uptake and Linkage to Care in a Novel Program of Home-Based HIV Counseling and Testing With Facilitated Referral in KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa

Objective:For antiretroviral therapy (ART) to have a population-level HIV prevention impact, high levels of HIV testing and effective linkages to HIV care among HIV-infected persons are required. Methods:We piloted home-based counseling and testing (HBCT) with point-of-care CD4 count testing and follow-up visits to facilitate linkage of HIV-infected persons to local HIV clinics and uptake of ART in rural KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa. Lay counselor follow-up visits at months one, three and six evaluated the primary outcome of linkage to care. Plasma viral load was measured at baseline and month six. Results:671 adults were tested for HIV (91% coverage) and 201 (30%) were HIV-infected, of which 73 (36%) were new diagnoses. By month three, 90% of HIV-infected persons not on ART at baseline had visited an HIV clinic and 80% of those eligible for ART at baseline by South African guidelines (CD4⩽200 cells/&mgr;L at the time of the study) had initiated ART. Among HIV-infected participants who were eligible for ART at baseline, mean viral load decreased by 3.23 log10 copies/mL (p<0.001) and the proportion with viral load suppression increased from 20% to 80% between baseline and month six. Conclusions:In this pilot of HBCT and linkages to care in KwaZulu-Natal, 91% of adults were tested for HIV. Linkage to care was ∼90% both among newly-identified HIV-infected persons as well as known HIVinfected persons who were not engaged in care. Among those eligible for ART, a high proportion initiated ART and achieved viral suppression, indicating high adherence and reduced infectiousness.
Enteric dispersion or Serratiopeptidase with Eudragit L100 and Formulation of Controlled Release Tablets of Serratiopeptidase

Serratiopeptidase is an anti inflammatory enzyme commonly used in the treatment of various inflammatory disorders. It is found to have no GI related side effects unlike NSAIDs and can be safely used for chronic conditions. Formulations of controlled release tablets can decrease the frequency of administration and thereby improve the patient compliance. As Serratiopeptidase is acid-liable, it is made into enteric dispersion with the polymer viz. Eudragit L 100 by solvent evaporation technique. The polymer is used in various proportions and the optimum solid dispersion was selected based on the drug release study for enteric products. The controlled release tablets of the Serratiopeptidase solid dispersion were prepared with the polymers viz. ethyl cellulose, hydroxypropylmethylcellulose and methylcellulose in various proportions. Drug release study was conducted for 6 hours in pH 6.8 phosphate buffer. The formulation containing ethyl cellulose in 125 mg quantity showed drug release in controlled manner upto 6 hours.
Tight error bound for coded unitary space-time modulation

This paper studies the bit error probability (BEP) of coded unitary space-time modulation with iterative decoding where neither the transmitter nor the receiver knows the channel fading coefficients. The tight error bound on the asymptotic performance is first analytically derived for given unitary constellation and mapping rule. Design criterion regarding the choice of unitary constellation and mapping is then established to achieve the best asymptotic performance. Furthermore, using the unitary constellation obtained from orthogonal design and 4-PSK, two mapping rules are proposed. In particular, one mapping is the best mapping for systems with iterative decoding, whereas the other mapping is most suitable for systems that do not implement iteration process. The latter mapping is similar to Gray mapping considered for coherent channels. Analytical and simulation results show that with the proposed mapping of the unitary constellation obtained from orthogonal design, the error performance of the iterative systems can approach very near the performance of the ideal unitary constellation and mapping
In-vitro maturation: its role in fertility treatment

Purpose of review In-vitro maturation of oocytes was primarily developed to make in-vitro fertilization safer and simpler for women with polycystic ovaries and high risk of ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome. In-vitro maturation has potentially many advantages over conventional in-vitro fertilization. A simple protocol with decreased or no hormonal stimulation before oocyte retrieval and thus lower cost of the treatment cycle are clear benefits. More importantly, the risk of ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome is entirely avoided. Recent findings The clinical outcome has substantially improved in recent years with pregnancy rates between 20 and 54%. The birth of approximately 400 children has been reported in the literature, but about three times as many are known to have been born. The postnatal follow-up studies of the children have been reassuring. Summary Although good results have been reported by some clinics, in-vitro maturation has not yet become a mainstream fertility treatment. The most important reason for this is the lower chance of a live birth per treatment compared with conventional in-vitro fertilization. Several aspects of the clinical in-vitro maturation need to be improved to give in-vitro maturation a place among assisted reproduction techniques it deserves.