Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Docosahexaenoic Acid Induces Cell Death in Human Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer Cells by Repressing mTOR via AMPK Activation and PI3K/Akt Inhibition

The anticancer properties and mechanism of action of omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (ω3-PUFAs) have been demonstrated in several cancers; however, the mechanism in lung cancer remains unclear. Here, we show that docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), a ω3-PUFA, induced apoptosis and autophagy in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) cells. DHA-induced cell death was accompanied by AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) activation and inactivated phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K)/Akt/mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) signaling. Knocking down AMPK and overexpressing Akt increased mTOR activity and attenuated DHA-induced cell death, suggesting that DHA induces cell death via AMPK- and Akt-regulated mTOR inactivation. This was confirmed in Fat-1 transgenic mice, which produce ω3-PUFAs. Lewis lung cancer (LLC) tumor cells implanted into Fat-1 mice showed slower growth, lower phospho-Akt levels, and higher levels of apoptosis and autophagy than cells implanted into wild-type mice. Taken together, these data suggest that DHA-induced apoptosis and autophagy in NSCLC cells are associated with AMPK activation and PI3K/Akt inhibition, which in turn lead to suppression of mTOR; thus ω3-PUFAs may be utilized as potential therapeutic agents for NSCLC treatment.
Stress hormones predict hyperbolic time-discount rates six months later in adults.

OBJECTIVES Stress hormones have been associated with temporal discounting. Although time-discount rate is shown to be stable over a long term, no study to date examines whether individual differences in stress hormones could predict individuals' time-discount rates in the relatively distant future (e.g., six month later), which is of interest in neuroeconomics of stress-addiction association. METHODS We assessed 87 participants' salivary stress hormone (cortisol, cortisone, and alpha-amylase) levels and hyperbolic discounting of delayed rewards consisting of three magnitudes, at the time-interval of six months. For salivary steroid assays, we employed a liquid chromatography/ mass spectroscopy (LC/MS) method. The correlations between the stress hormone levels and time-discount rates were examined. RESULTS We observed that salivary alpha-amylase (sAA) levels were negatively associated with time-discount rates in never-smokers. Notably, salivary levels of stress steroids (i.e., cortisol and cortisone) negatively and positively related to time-discount rates in men and women, respectively, in never-smokers. Ever-smokers' discount rates were not predicted from these stress hormone levels. CONCLUSIONS Individual differences in stress hormone levels predict impulsivity in temporal discounting in the future. There are sex differences in the effect of stress steroids on temporal discounting; while there was no sex defference in the relationship between sAA and temporal discounting.
MobileHub: No Programmer Effort for Power Efficiency with Sensor Hub

T oday’s smartphones provide a rich sensing platform that developers have used in tens of thousands of mobile applications. Many of these applications require continuous sensing for tasks ranging from simple step counting to more complex fall detection, sleep apnea diagnoses, dangerous driver monitoring and others. Unfortunately, continuous sensing applications are power-hungry. Interestingly, it is neither the sensors nor the computation that make these applications battery drainers. Instead, the main processor needs to be powered on frequently to collect sensor samples, in turn increasing the power consumption [12, 9, 13]. Hardware manufacturers recognize that supporting low-power continuous sensing is crucial. To this end, companies are embedding a low power microcontroller called a sensor hub in their smartphones [11, 10, 2]. Th e sensor hub continuously collects sensor data keeping the higher power main processor idle. In practice, however, sensor hubs fail to deliver on their power-effi ciency promise. Th e problem is in the diffi culty in programming them. For example, to leverage the sensor hub for a fall detection app, the developer not only needs to write the main application, but also needs to program the sensor hub to sense and notify the main application when a fall is detected. Two approaches have been used to make it easier for developers to program a sensor hub: APIs and hardware SDKs. In the API approach [4, 1], a set of important sensor inference functions are exported via high level APIs to the app developers. Th e problem is that the APIs only support a set of predefi ned events or activities such as step counting. Today, a fall detection application cannot use any of the existing APIs to leverage the sensor hub. It is possible that sensor hub APIs will stabilize, but this is unlikely to happen for many years. Consider how location APIs have evolved since the Java Location API (JSR 179) was introduced in 2003. Sensor hubs themselves have regularly been part of phones since 2011, but it is only in 2014 that a small set of sensor APIs are aligning around common functionality. In the meanwhile, ambitious sensing applications such as BeWell [3] cannot leverage the sensor hub for power effi ciency. In the hardware SDK approach, the developer is provided with specialized tools to directly access the sensor hub. For example, TI provides a proprietary TivaWare Sensor Library [5] to allow developers access to functionality not exposed by soft ware APIs. However, MobileHub: No Programmer Effort for Power Efficiency with Sensor Hub Haichen Shen and David Wetherall University of Washington Aruna Balasubramanian Stony Brook University Anthony LaMarca Intel
Research on the fouling prediction of heat exchanger based on Support Vector Machine optimized by Particle Swarm Optimization algorithm

The research on the fouling prediction of heat exchanger is significantly to improve operational efficiency and economic benefits of the plants. Heat exchanger fouling prediction was introduced based on Support Vector Machine (SVM), and the Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) was applied for optimizing the parameters of the support vector machine. One of the experiment databases of Heat exchanger fouling was used for prediction; the choosing of the parameters was also discussed. The simulations show that the precision of the PSO-SVM is better than the standard SVM in certain experiment condition and mean relative error is 0.5971%. The prediction model based on PSO-SVM offers another method for the prediction research of heat exchanger fouling.
The Effect of Physical Education Teaching Materials towards Situational Interest

The purpose of this research is to find out the effect of Physical Education teaching materials (Games and Fundamental skill) towards student’s situational interest. The sample of the research was class 10 students at SMAN 1 Batujaya Karawang which was taken as random cluster sampling become 2 Classes. The research uses a pre-post control group design. Student’s situational interest measured by using Situational Interest Scale from Chen et al (2001) which had validity and reliability coefficients 0,718. Data was analysed using t-test. The finding showed that both teaching material (games and fundamental skill) were significantly giving positive effect on student’s situational interest. However, games teaching material is the teaching material which students more like. Based on the result, it can be concluded that all teaching materials in form of games on physical education is more able to arise student’s situational interest than in form of fundamental skill.
Les intentions et activités entrepreneuriales des étudiants en Suisse

L'importance economique et sociale de la creation d'entreprise est unanimement reconnue. Les etudiants de toutes les branches doivent faire l'objet d'une attention particuliere car ils sont les entrepreneuses et entrepreneurs1 de demain. Dans ce sens, l'analyse des intentions, activites et facteurs d'influence dans ce domaine est parfaitement justifiee. Malgre toutes les recherches realisees par le passe, de nombreuses questions restent ouvertes. Quels facteurs individuels, sociaux et relevant du contexte universitaire incitent les etudiants a vouloir creer une entreprise ? Comment augmenter la probabilite qu'une entreprise creee survive a long terme ? Ces points necessitent d'etre eclaircis et constituent le but principal du projet de recherche international GUESSS. Nous ne nous focaliserons toutefois as uniquement sur la creation d'entreprise ; en effet, l'entrepreneuriat peut apparaitre ous plusieurs formes, notamment la reprise d'une entreprise existante, ou de l'entreprise familiale. Nous accorderons une attention particuliere a ces options et elargirons ainsi notre perspective. Le present rapport illustre les resultats du projet GUESSS en Suisse. Au printemps 2011, une enquete a ete menee aupres de plus de 8'000 etudiants de plus de 40 universites et hautes ecoles specialisees (HES) suisses. Nous tenons a remercier vivement les etudiants ainsi que les responsables des hautes ecoles participantes de leur contribution.
The Contrastive Analysis of the Verb in Reference to Syntax and Morphology

The article deals with some principles that regulate the order of attributes in the noun phrase whose position is variable by their syntactic and semantic function in Lithuanian and fixed in English.The English and Lithuanian languages differ as to whether their syntactic organization in the noun phrase reflects relations of a head word with a noun, with an adjective, with an article, with a numeral, with a participle, or the noun phrase comprises terms or phraseological units bearing figurative sense. In English, the position of the attributes is before the head word they modify in the noun phrase, i.e. in adposition or expressed by means of postposition. The grammatical means of indicating syntactic relations in the nounphrase and its attributes in Lithuanian are endings and inflexional suffixes. Generally, the word order flexibility within the noun phrase in Lithuanian is presented on the basis of morphological case marking.Therefore, the syntactic structure of attributes inside the noun phrase in English and Lithuanian sentences is a complex of interrelations between its constituents. Thus, the semantic meaning of a sentence of the same content in the both languages can be expressed by different word order. Though, the order of attributes in the noun phrase can be different too. Generally this study is concerned only with the noun phrase thatoccurs before the main verb of a sentence in English, whereas the position of the corresponding noun phrase translated into Lithuanian can even occur after the main verb. The comparative analysis of the noun phrase and its attributes is based on the restrictive effects of semantic meaning and grammaticalized variations of word order on the syntactic interpretation. DOI: http://dx.doi. org/10.5755/j01.sal. 0.20. 1243
Assessment of the autogenous bone graft for sinus elevation

Objectives The posterior maxillary region often provides a limited bone volume for dental implants. Maxillary sinus elevation via inserting a bone graft through a window opened in the lateral sinus wall has become the most common surgical procedure for increasing the alveolar bone height in place of dental implants in the posterior maxillary region. The purpose of this article is to assess the change of bone volume and the clinical effects of dental implant placement in sites with maxillary sinus floor elevation and autogenous bone graft through the lateral window approach. Materials and Methods In this article, the analysis data were collected from 64 dental implants that were placed in 24 patients with 29 lacks of the bone volume posterior maxillary region from June 2004 to April 2011, at the Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Inha University Hospital. Panoramic views were taken before the surgery, after the surgery, 6 months after the surgery, and at the time of the final follow-up. The influence of the factors on the grafted bone material resorption rate was evaluated according to the patient characteristics (age and gender), graft material, implant installation stage, implant size, implant placement region, local infection, surgical complication, and residual alveolar bone height. Results The bone graft resorption rate of male patients at the final follow-up was significantly higher than the rate of female patients. The single autogenous bone-grafted site was significantly more resorbed than the autogenous bone combined with the Bio-Oss grafted site. The implant installation stage and residual alveolar height showed a significant correlation with the resorption rate of maxillary sinus bone graft material. The success rate and survival rate of the implant were 92.2% and 100%, respectively. Conclusion Maxillary sinus elevation procedure with autogenous bone graft or autogenous bone in combination with Bio-Oss is a predictable treatment method for implant rehabilitation.
Automatic Orchestration for Automatic Composition

The automatic orchestration problem is that of assigning instruments or sounds to the notes of an unorchestrated score. This is related to, but distinct from, problems of automatic expressive interpretation. A simple algorithm is described that successfully orchestrates scores based on analysis of one musical structure -- the "Z-chain. "
Modulation of Human Leukocyte Antigen-C by Human Cytomegalovirus Stimulates KIR2DS1 Recognition by Natural Killer Cells

The interaction of inhibitory killer cell Ig-like receptors (KIRs) with human leukocyte antigen (HLA) class I molecules has been characterized in detail. By contrast, activating members of the KIR family, although closely related to inhibitory KIRs, appear to interact weakly, if at all, with HLA class I. KIR2DS1 is the best studied activating KIR and it interacts with C2 group HLA-C (C2-HLA-C) in some assays, but not as strongly as KIR2DL1. We used a mouse 2B4 cell reporter system, which carries NFAT-green fluorescent protein with KIR2DS1 and a modified DAP12 adaptor protein. KIR2DS1 reporter cells were not activated upon coculture with 721.221 cells transfected with different HLA-C molecules, or with interferon-γ stimulated primary dermal fibroblasts. However, KIR2DS1 reporter cells and KIR2DS1+ primary natural killer (NK) cells were activated by C2-HLA-C homozygous human fetal foreskin fibroblasts (HFFFs) but only after infection with specific clones of a clinical strain of human cytomegalovirus (HCMV). Active viral gene expression was required for activation of both cell types. Primary NKG2A−KIR2DS1+ NK cell subsets degranulated after coculture with HCMV-infected HFFFs. The W6/32 antibody to HLA class I blocked the KIR2DS1 reporter cell interaction with its ligand on HCMV-infected HFFFs but did not block interaction with KIR2DL1. This implies a differential recognition of HLA-C by KIR2DL1 and KIR2DS1. The data suggest that modulation of HLA-C by HCMV is required for a potent KIR2DS1-mediated NK cell activation.
Generation of Debugging Interfaces for Linux Kernel Services

The Linux kernel does not export a stable, well-defined kernel interface, complicating the development of kernel-level services, such as device drivers and file systems. While there does exist a set of functions that are exported to external modules, these are continually changing, and have implicit, ill-documented reconditions, which, if not satisfied, can cause the entire system to crash or hang. However, no specific debugging support is provided. In this paper, we present Diagnosys, an approach to automatically constructing a debugging interface for the Linux kernel. In our approach, a designated kernel maintainer uses Diagnosys to identify pre and post conditions on the use of the exported functions. The maintainer then publishes this information for download by service developers, who can use Diagnosys to generate a debugging interface specialized to their code. This interface is then included within a service implementation, such that when the service is tested it records information about potential problems. The recorded information is then made available to the service developer on reboot after a kernel crash or hang. We have tested our approach on several recent releases of the Linux kernel. We first show that the debugging interfaces generated by our approach provide useful log information in the case of faults. We then show that safety holes are prevalent in the Linux kernel, and that many of the functions exported by the Linux kernel to kernel-level services have non-trivial implicit pre and post conditions that must be respected to ensure their safe execution. Finally, we show that our approach incurs only a slight performance penalty.
A model-based fuzzy logic controller with Kalman filtering for tracking mean arterial pressure

This paper proposes a new noninvasive measurement method for tracking the tendency of mean arterial pressure (MAP) in the radial artery. The designed system consists of a tonometer, a microsyringe device, and a model-based fuzzy logic controller. The modified flexible diaphragm tonometer is to detect the continuous blood pressure waveform and vessel volume pulse. A precise mathematical model describing the interaction between the tonometer and artery is derived. To reach accurate measurement without distortion, a model-based fuzzy logic control system is designed to compensate the change of MAP by applying a counter pressure on the tonometer chamber through the microsyringe device. The proposed control system consists of a linear predictor, a Kalman filter, and a synthetic fuzzy logic controller (SFLC). Simulation results show that, for the real physiologic MAP with changing rates up to 20 or -20 mm-Hg/minute, the model-based SFLC can beat-to-beat adjust the tonometer's chamber pressure to follow the tendency of MAP accurately.
Prevalence and Causes of Functional Disability in an Elderly General Population of Japanese: The Hisayama Study

Background There are limited data on the prevalence and causes of disability in the elderly general population in Japan. Methods In a population-based cross-sectional study of 1550 Japanese aged 65 years or older, we examined the prevalence of functional disability (defined as a Barthel Index score of ≤95) and its causes. Results A total of 311 of the participants had a disability (prevalence 20.1%). The prevalence of disability increased with age and doubled with every 5-year increment in age. Prevalence was higher in women than in men, especially among those aged 85 years or older. With respect to the cause of functional disability, dementia accounted for 23.5%, stroke for 24.7%, orthopedic disease for 12.9%, and other disease for 38.9% of cases in men; in women, the respective values were 35.8%, 9.3%, 31.0%, and 23.9%. Regarding age, dementia was the most frequent cause of disability in subjects aged 75 years or older, whereas stroke was most common in subjects aged 65 to 74 years. Approximately two-thirds of cases of total dependence were attributed to dementia in both sexes, whereas the main cause of slight or moderate/severe dependence was stroke in men and orthopedic disease in women. Among participants with total dependence, 94.8% resided in a hospital or health care facility. Conclusions Our findings indicate that functional disability is common among Japanese elderly adults and that its major cause is stroke in men and dementia in women.
Chromothripsis: Breakage-fusion-bridge over and over again

The acquisition of massive but localized chromosome translocations, a phenomenon termed chromothripsis, has received widespread attention since its discovery over a year ago. Until recently, chromothripsis was believed to originate from a single catastrophic event, but the molecular mechanisms leading to this event are yet to be uncovered. Because a thorough interpretation of the data are missing, the phenomenon itself has wrongly acquired the status of a mechanism used to justify many kinds of complex rearrangements. Although the assumption that all translocations in chromothripsis originate from a single event has met with criticism, satisfactory explanations for the intense but localized nature of this phenomenon are still missing. Here, we show why the data used to describe massive catastrophic rearrangements are incompatible with a model comprising a single event only and propose a molecular mechanism in which a combination of known cellular pathways accounts for chromothripsis. Instead of a single traumatic event, the protection of undamaged chromosomes by telomeres can limit repetitive breakage-fusion-bridge events to a single chromosome arm. Ultimately, common properties of chromosomal instability, such as aneuploidy and centromere fission, might establish the complex genetic pattern observed in this genomic state.
The biological control of voluntary exercise, spontaneous physical activity and daily energy expenditure in relation to obesity: human and rodent perspectives

Summary Mammals expend energy in many ways, including basic cellular maintenance and repair, digestion, thermoregulation, locomotion, growth and reproduction. These processes can vary tremendously among species and individuals, potentially leading to large variation in daily energy expenditure (DEE). Locomotor energy costs can be substantial for large-bodied species and those with high-activity lifestyles. For humans in industrialized societies, locomotion necessary for daily activities is often relatively low, so it has been presumed that activity energy expenditure and DEE are lower than in our ancestors. Whether this is true and has contributed to a rise in obesity is controversial. In humans, much attention has centered on spontaneous physical activity (SPA) or non-exercise activity thermogenesis (NEAT), the latter sometimes defined so broadly as to include all energy expended due to activity, exclusive of volitional exercise. Given that most people in Western societies engage in little voluntary exercise, increasing NEAT may be an effective way to maintain DEE and combat overweight and obesity. One way to promote NEAT is to decrease the amount of time spent on sedentary behaviours (e.g. watching television). The effects of voluntary exercise on other components of physical activity are highly variable in humans, partly as a function of age, and have rarely been studied in rodents. However, most rodent studies indicate that food consumption increases in the presence of wheels; therefore, other aspects of physical activity are not reduced enough to compensate for the energetic cost of wheel running. Most rodent studies also show negative effects of wheel access on body fat, especially in males. Sedentary behaviours per se have not been studied in rodents in relation to obesity. Several lines of evidence demonstrate the important role of dopamine, in addition to other neural signaling networks (e.g. the endocannabinoid system), in the control of voluntary exercise. A largely separate literature points to a key role for orexins in SPA and NEAT. Brain reward centers are involved in both types of physical activities and eating behaviours, likely leading to complex interactions. Moreover, voluntary exercise and, possibly, eating can be addictive. A growing body of research considers the relationships between personality traits and physical activity, appetite, obesity and other aspects of physical and mental health. Future studies should explore the neurobiology, endocrinology and genetics of physical activity and sedentary behaviour by examining key brain areas, neurotransmitters and hormones involved in motivation, reward and/or the regulation of energy balance.