Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Study of lobster eye optics with iridium coated x-ray mirrors for a rocket experiment

In the field of astronomical X-ray telescopes, different types of optics based on grazing incidence mirrors can be used. This contribution describes the special design of a lobster-eye optics in Schmidt's arrangement, which uses dual reflection to increase the collecting area. The individual mirrors of this wide-field telescope are made of at silicon wafers coated with reflecting iridium layers. This iridium coatings have some advantages compared to more common gold layers as is shown in corresponding simulations. The iridium coating process for the X-ray mirrors was developed within a cooperation of the Aschaffenburg University of Applied Sciences and the Czech Technical University in Prague. Different mirror parameters essential for a proper function of the X-ray optics, like the surface microroughness and the problematic of a good adhesion quality of the coatings were studied. After integration of the individual mirrors into the final lobster-eye optics and the corresponding space qualification testing it is planned to fly the telescope in a recently proposed NASA rocket experiment.
The Nilgiris Biosphere Reserve: An Unrealized Vision for Conservation

The Man and Biosphere Program of UNESCO (MAB) was a pioneer in recognizing the role of local communities in the conservation of biodiversity. Biosphere reserves of MAB were designed with a core zone with maximum protection, a buffer zone with regulated activities, and a transition zone outside the reserve proper. The transition zone is where experimental management options to promote sustainable development could be developed, and could add value to the conservation network and to regional activities. The Nilgiris Biosphere Reserve (NBR), with a core zone of 1,240 km2 and a buffer zone of 4,280 km2, was created in 1986 without a transition zone. The absence of a transition zone separates the protected areas (PAs) from each other, and the hard boundary between the PA and surrounding areas promotes human-wildlife conflict and encourages development inimical to the mandate of the Biosphere Reserve, ultimately affecting the regional economy through progressive degradation of the environment. We examine three case studies to illustrate these concerns: the implementation of the India-based Neutrino Observatory, resistance by tourist resorts against regulations for connecting elephant corridors, and whether the goals of local tourism operators meet the conservation objectives of the NBR. Landscape ecology and econometry can help design a transition zone on a sound economic basis. A better environment management is within technical and financial reach. But is it within political reach?
Sparse structure selection and estimation

ABSTRACT This paper studies the sparsity selection and estimation in nonparametric additive models. The sparsity refers to two types — across and within variables. Sparsity across variables corresponds to the irrelevant components in the models; sparsity within variables corresponds to zero function values over the sub-domains of the relevant components. To select and estimate the sparsity, I approximate each component by B-splines and propose a group bridge penalized method, which can simultaneously identify the zero functions and zero structures of the nonzero functions. Simulation studies demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed method in sparsity selection and estimation across and within variables.
Callus formation and organogenesis of tomato ( Lycopersicon esculentum Mill , C . V . Omdurman ) induced by thidiazuron

In vitro culture response was assessed in tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill. c. v. Omdurman) for optimum callus induction and plantlet regeneration. Callus induction was achieved within seven to ten days directly on the cut surfaces of both hypocotyls and cotyledon explants cultured on Murashige and Skoog (MS) basal medium supplemented with α-naphthalene acetic acid (NAA), 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D), Thidiazuron (TDZ) and benzyl adenine (BA) alone or in different combinations, but not in hormone free-medium. The highest callusing index (5.3) was obtained on hypocotyls explants cultured on MS medium supplemented with NAA at 0.5 mg/l followed by an index of 5.2 obtained from the same explant by using 0.1 mg/l NAA in combination with BAP at 0.5 mg/l. However, for the cotyledon explants, the highest callusing index (4.7) was obtained on MS medium supplemented with NAA at either 2.0 or 3.0 mg/l. After 8 weeks of culture, organogenesis was observed only on the explants cultured on medium containing different concentrations of TDZ alone or in combination with BAP. The best shoot formation (93%) was obtained for cotyledon explant callus induced on MS medium containing TDZ in combination with BAP both at 0.5 mg/l. The highest number (6) of shoot per explant was obtained when cotyledon explant callus was sub cultured on MS medium supplemented with 3.0 mg/l TDZ. Plain half strength of MS was found to be the best rooting medium, however, addition of IAA at 1.0 mg/l and IBA at 2.0 mg/l were found essential to induce highest number of roots (22.1 ± 0.9) and longer roots (11.0 ± 0.3 cm), respectively. This protocol would be useful to create somaclonal variation and utilize transgenic approaches for varietal improvement of tomato.
Modelling and Inference using Locally Stationary Processes : Biomedical applications

This thesis considers statistical methods for non-stationary signals, specifically stochastic modelling, inference on the model parameters and optimal spectral estimation. The models are based on Silverman’s definition of Locally Stationary Processes (LSPs). In all the contributions, an example of a biomedical application of the proposed method is provided. In the first two papers, the methods are applied to electroencephalography (EEG) data, while in the third paper the application involves Heart Rate Variability (HRV) data.In paper A, we propose a method for estimating the parameters of an LSP model. The proposed method is based on the separation of the two factors defining the LSP covariance function, in order to take advantage of their individual structure and divide the inference problem into two simpler sub-problems. We present a simulation study to show the method’s performance in terms of speed of convergence, accuracy and robustness. Finally, we provide an illustrative example of parameter estimation from three sets of EEG signals, measured from one person during several trials of a memory encoding task of three different categories of visual memories.Paper B investigates the estimation of the Wigner-Ville spectrum of time-varying processes, modelled as LSPs. Previous works have provided the theoretical expression of the mean-square error optimal time-frequency kernel, and now, thanks to the introduced inference method, we are able to compute the optimal kernel in real data cases. The derived optimal spectral estimator is compared with the single Hanning spectrogram and the Welch method in a simulation study. As biomedical application, we compute the optimal spectral estimate according to the estimated model parameters for the three EEG data-sets alsotreated in paper A.In paper C, we model HRV signals with a model known as Locally Stationary Chirp Processes (LSCP), which is an extension of the LSP model including the presence of a chirp. The inference method proposed in paper A is adapted to take into account the respiratory signal information, in the form of the covariance matrix of the chirp respiratory signal estimated beforehand. We perform least squares regression analysis with each of the LSCP model parameters as the response to explore the correlation of the parameters with several factors of interest. Our results show a statistically significant correlation between the model parameters with age, BMI, State and Trait Anxiety as well as stress level. (Less)
Assessment of Skeletal Maturity and Prediction of Adult Height

The days when only a plastic surgeon could cut a skin graft have gone because now every well trained surgeon can, should, and does. The time is fast approaching when every surgeon who has to deal with cancer, road accidents, and congenital deformities will construct his own skin flaps just as successfully. This book tells him how, why, and when. It is a 31lb tombstone to those technical specialists who refuse to believe that others can do just as well as they. Edited by two experienced writers, this book is eminently readable and easy to follow. It describes the evidence from research in one section, the clinical application of such knowledge in another and much larger section. Contributions come from men of international reputation, from people of experience, who describe techniques in detail. Indeed the clinical section covers every aspect of reconstruction in the head and neck, chest, abdomen, arm, and leg. The illustrations, both black-and-white photographs and line drawings, are of a high order, as is the editing, so that the volume is easy to read although contributed to by several authors. It is recommended. The price may be high for penurious shoppers, but can the interested and affected afford not to have it ? For academic departments in surgery it also offers ideas for fruitful experimental research, which may be rotated from animals to man and back again as new knowledge is gained. Even though Grabb and Myers have produced a volume of explanation and current practice there are still plenty of questions unanswered, so that a second edition will be written in the harsh light of further research and statistical evaluation of present experience.
Contribution to the kinematic modeling and control of soft manipulators using computational mechanics. (Contribution à la modélisation cinématique et au contrôle de manipulateurs déformables, fondée sur la mécanique numérique)

Ce travail apporte de nouvelles methodes pour la modelisation cinematique et le controle de manipulateurs continus et deformables, fondees sur la methodes des elements finis. A la difference des manipulateurs rigides, les manipulateurs continus et deformables engendrent leurs mouvements en se deformant, c'est pourquoi la methode proposee prend en compte les deformations mecaniques pour mieux decrire la cinematique de ce genre de robots. Cette methode n'apporte pas de solution analytique, mais une approximation numerique, par des methodes derivees de la mecanique numerique. La methodologie est appliquee a un manipulateur continu, appele "Compact Bionic Handling Assistant (CBHA)". Une strategie de commande en boucle fermee, fondee sur l'allocation du controle, est egalement presentee. Les modeles et controleurs sont valides experimentalement.
Peramalan Persediaan Barang Menggunakan Metode Weighted Moving Average dan Metode Double Exponential Smoothing

Arga Medical adalah toko yang bergerak dibidang penjualan alat kesehatan. Banyaknya transaksi penjualan akan mempengaruhi persediaan barang, sebagai usaha dibidang penjualan sering mengalami masalah dalam memprediksi jumlah produk yang harus tersedia untuk bulan berikutnya. Oleh karena itu penelitian ini membuat peramalan persediaan menggunakan metode Weighted Moving Average dan metode Double Exponential Smoothing , data yang digunakan untuk penelitian ini yaitu data penjualan selama satu tahun 2016. Metode Weighted Moving Average yaitu metode yang memberikan bobot yang berbeda untuk setiap historis sedangkan metode Double Exponential Smoothing yaitu metode yang memiliki nilai pemulusan pada waktu sebelum data sebenarnya,dari kedua metode ini menghasilkan peramalan persediaan untuk periode berikutnya 52 dengan Weighted Moving Average dan 60 dengan Double Exponential Smoothing. Kedua metode ini memiliki nilai Mean Square Error . Dimana nilai error Weighted Moving Average yaitu 0,114 dan nilai error Mean Square Error 6,12, nilai error terkecil adalah metode yang terbaik untuk peramalan persedian
Road map to clean energy using laser beam ignition of boron-hydrogen fusion

With the aim to overcome the problems of climatic changes and rising ocean levels, one option is to produce large-scale sustainable energy by nuclear fusion of hydrogen and other very light nuclei similar to the energy source of the sun. Sixty years of worldwide research for the ignition of the heavy hydrogen isotopes deuterium (D) and tritium (T) have come close to a breakthrough for ignition. The problem with the DT fusion is that generated neutrons are producing radioactive waste. One exception as the ideal clean fusion process – without neutron production – is the fusion of hydrogen (H) with the boron isotope 11 B11 (B11). In this paper, we have mapped out our research based on recent experiments and simulations for a new energy source. We suggest how HB11 fusion for a reactor can be used instead of the DT option. We have mapped out our HB11 fusion in the following way: (i) The acceleration of a plasma block with a laser beam with the power and time duration of the order of 10 petawatts and one picosecond accordingly. (ii) A plasma confinement by a magnetic field of the order of a few kiloteslas created by a second laser beam with a pulse duration of a few nanoseconds (ns). (iii) The highly increased fusion of HB11 relative to present DT fusion is possible due to the alphas avalanche created in this process. (iv) The conversion of the output charged alpha particles directly to electricity. (v) To prove the above ideas, our simulations show for example that 14 milligram HB11 can produce 300 kWh energy if all achieved results are combined for the design of an absolutely clean power reactor producing low-cost energy.
Texture-based classification for characterizing regions on remote sensing images

Abstract. Remote sensing classification methods mostly use only the physical properties of pixels or complex texture indexes but do not lead to recommendation for practical applications. Our objective was to design a texture-based method, called the Paysages A PRIori method (PAPRI), which works both at pixel and neighborhood level and which can handle different spatial scales of analysis. The aim was to stay close to the logic of a human expert and to deal with co-occurrences in a more efficient way than other methods. The PAPRI method is pixelwise and based on a comparison of statistical and spatial reference properties provided by the expert with local properties computed in varying size windows centered on the pixel. A specific distance is computed for different windows around the pixel and a local minimum leads to choosing the class in which the pixel is to be placed. The PAPRI method brings a significant improvement in classification quality for different kinds of images, including aerial, lidar, high-resolution satellite images as well as texture images from the Brodatz and Vistex databases. This work shows the importance of texture analysis in understanding remote sensing images and for future developments.
Guns and Suicides

ABSTRACT There is a consensus in the literature that the ratio of suicides committed with guns to total suicides is the best indirect measure of gun ownership. However, such a proxy is not accurate for any locality with low population density in view that suicides are rare events. To circumvent this issue, we exploit the socioeconomic characteristics of the suicide victims in order to come up with a novel proxy for gun ownership. We assess our indicator using suicide micro-data from the Brazilian Ministry of Health between 2000 and 2010.
Molecular epidemiology of respiratory syncytial virus in children in sub‐Saharan Africa

This study investigated the molecular epidemiology of respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) among febrile children with acute respiratory tract infection in Ghana, Gabon, Tanzania and Burkina Faso between 2014 and 2017 as well as the evolution and diversification of RSV strains from other sub‐Saharan countries.
Hubungan Kekerabatan Fenetik Lima Anggota Familia Araceae

Penelitian berjudul ‘’Hubungan Kekerabatan Fenetik Lima Anggota Familia Araceae’’ telah dilaksanakan pada bulan Mei tahun 2022. Tujuan Penelitian untuk mengetahui hubungan kekerabatan fenetik lima anggota familia Araceae. Metode Penelitian yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini merupakan metode deskriptif. Sampel dalam penelitian ini lima spesies anggota familia Araceae antara lain yaitu Aglonema crispum, Caladium bicolor, Aglonema harlequin, Monsfera abliqua, Dieffenbachia seguine. Parameter yang digunakan yaitu ciri morfologi akar, batang, dan daun. Analisis data melalui perhitungan Indeks Similaritas (IS). Selanjudnya dilakukan Analisis Cluster untuk mengelompokkan tanaman yang memiliki kesamaan karakteristik dari lima spesies. Hasil Penelitian menunjukkan bahwa kekerabatan yang sangat dekat terdapat pada kombinasi spesies Aglonema crispum dengan Caladium bicolor pada koefisien kesamaan 0,77%. Aglonema harlequin berkerabat dengan Aglonema crispum dan Caladium bicolor pada koefisien kesamaan 0,76% dan ketiganya berkerabat dengan Monsfera abliqua pada koefisien kesamaan 0,74%. Monsfera abliqua berkerabat dekat dengan Dieffenbachia seguine pada koefisien 0,64%. Sedangkan hubungan kekerabatan yang jauh ditunjukkan pada kombinasi spesies Aglonema crispum dan Dieffenbachia seguine.
UPAYA PENINGKATAN KOMPETENSI GURU DALAM MENINGKATKAN MUTU PENDIDIKAN ISLAM

Guru merupakan faktor penentu kesuksesan setiap usaha pendidikan. Karena guru merupakan sentral dan dalam proses pembelajaran dan sekaligus membentuk kualitas anak didik. Karena itu upaya-upaya meningkatkan kualitas guru penting untuk selalu dilaksanakan secara formal maupun non formal baik oleh pemerintah maupun oleh guru atas kesadaran sendiri agar kompetensi seorang guru baik kompetensi kepribadian maupun kompetensi professional etep terjaga bahkan meningkat dari waktu ke waktu. Dengan demikian maka mutu pendidikan Islam dapat diharapkan akan meningkat, sebaliknya tanpa kualitas dan kompetensi guru yang baik dan berkualita maka sulit untuk mencapai mutu pendidikan yang bermutu, terkarena itu guru yang berkompetensi mutlak diperlukan dan dalam tulisan ini akan dibahas tentang peningkatan kompetensi guru dan kaitannya dengan mutu pendidikan Islam
INCREASED ACCURACY OF THE NAKAGAMI M PARAMETER MEASUREMENT METHOD BASED ON SPACE DIVERSITY RECEPTION

In this paper we will present increased accuracy measurement method for the Nakagami-m m parameter estimation, based on implementation of space diversity reception. Parameter m will be estimated in real time, based on the obtained values of first, second and third order moments of signal, measured by a proposed system. The obtained results will show an increase of accuracy obtained by using this method over the results obtained by using a standard measurement procedure, so it creates a potential to apply this measurement method for estimation of fading parameters in various propagation environments.
Observations: The Building Blocks of the World

Physics aims at building mathematical models of the underlying nature for explaining and predicting our observations. Based on the experimental data, mathematical quantities and concepts are formulated, and physical theories are constructed, from which we derive our ontological understanding of the underlying building blocks of nature. However, at times, certain phenomena, unnoticed before, fail to agree to the predictions made by those theories. This forces us to give up the old theories and construct new ones. In this paper, we argue that we can very effectively avoid this problem by constructing physical theories with observations as the basic building blocks, or the primary properties, and the mathematical constructs as the emergent properties. We provide an outline of the mathematical framework of our approach, and use it to analyze various concepts in physics, e.g., Newton's laws of motion, conservation of energy, wave-particle duality, etc., in terms of relationships between the observations made by different detectors. This approach not only provides a new robust way to do physics, but also leads to an ontological understanding of nature that goes beyond many of the present problems and paradoxes. Normal 0 false false false EN-US X-NONE X-NONE /* Style Definitions */ table.MsoNormalTable {mso-style-name:"Table Normal"; mso-tstyle-rowband-size:0; mso-tstyle-colband-size:0; mso-style-noshow:yes; mso-style-priority:99; mso-style-parent:""; mso-padding-alt:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; mso-para-margin:0cm; mso-para-margin-bottom:. 0001pt; mso-pagination:widow-orphan; font-size:10.0pt; font-family:"Times New Roman",serif; mso-ansi-language:EN-US; mso-fareast-language:EN-US;}
Axisymmetric MHD modes in twisted magnetic fields

Vortex flows in the solar atmosphere may contribute significantly to the energy flux requirements for heating the quiet Sun atmosphere. This thesis presents evidence that the expected number of vortices in the solar photosphere is significantly larger than estimated and most importantly their lifetime is, in the mean, much shorter than previously believed. This suggests that vortex flows are highly dynamic and that their formation and dissolution is highly temporally localised. The measurements and statistics that support this evidence were made possible by use of an automated vortex identification approach which allowed for a much larger sample. In fact the number of identified vortices is several orders of magnitude larger compared with the latest research on the subject. Given that vortices in the solar photosphere can introduce magnetic twist, a pertinent question then is: "How would that magnetic twist affect axisymmetric MHD modes? ". Part of this thesis visits this question and the theoretical models used offer interesting answers. Firstly, even for weak magnetic twist the long wavelength cut-off for the sausage mode that is present in models without magnetic twist, is removed! It is shown that magnetic twist naturally couples axisymmetric Alfven waves with sausage waves. A coupling that results, among other things, in sausage waves exhibiting Doppler signatures similar to these expected to be observed in Alfven waves. These modes can also be excited by a larger variety of drivers compared to the pure sausage and axisymmetric Alfven waves. Something that makes them more pertinent to the question of energy propagation than their pure cousins (sausage and Alfven waves). Lastly, a calculation is presented, for the first time, of a dispersion relation for resonantly damped axisymmetric modes, in the spectrum of the Alfven continuum and also an approximation is presented of the damping time in the long wavelength limit. It is shown that the damping times can be comparable to that observed for the kink mode in the case that there is no magnetic twist.
System for Prediction of Non Stationary Time Series based on the Wavelet Radial Bases Function Neural Network Model

This paper proposes and examines the performance of a hybrid model called the wavelet radial bases function neural networks (WRBFNN). The model will be compared its performance with the wavelet feed forward neural networks (WFFN model by developing a prediction or forecasting system that considers two types of input formats: input9 and input17, and also considers 4 types of non-stationary time series data. The MODWT transform is used to generate wavelet and smooth coefficients, in which several elements of both coefficients are chosen in a particular way to serve as inputs to the NN model in both RBFNN and FFNN models. The performance of both WRBFNN and WFFNN models is evaluated by using MAPE and MSE value indicators, while the computation process of the two models is compared using two indicators, many epoch, and length of training. In stationary benchmark data, all models have a performance with very high accuracy. The WRBFNN9 model is the most superior model in nonstationary data containing linear trend elements, while the WFFNN17 model performs best on non-stationary data with the non-linear trend and seasonal elements. In terms of speed in computing, the WRBFNN model is superior with a much smaller number of epochs and much shorter training time.