Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Glagolitic Script as a Manifestation of Sacred Knowledge

1. The q uestion concerning the origin of the Glagolitic alphabet could be called a questio diabolica of Slavistics. It is difficult, indeed, to indicate another field in our studies in which so many lances have been broken with so little result achieved. Moreover, it is hardly possible to find a definitive solution of the question: this would presuppose a discovery of new historical sources which does not seem probable and cannot be an object of a purpose ful research. We are compelled to look for new approaches, rather than new sources. All the suggestions concerning the origin of the Glagolitic alphabet have by necessity a hypothetical character. There are two contrasting hypotheses concerning this question: one of them suggests a natural origin for the Glagolitic letters, while the other presumes an artificial origin. The first hypothesis may be defined as palaeographic, the second as ideographic. Indeed, the first hypothesis presupposes a palaeographic development, whereas the second implies an ideo
Cholesterol Is a Regulator of CAV1 Localization and Cell Migration in Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma

Cholesterol plays an important role in cancer progression, as it is utilized in membrane biogenesis and cell signaling. Cholesterol-lowering drugs have exhibited tumor-suppressive effects in oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC), suggesting that cholesterol is also essential in OSCC pathogenesis. However, the direct effects of cholesterol on OSCC cells remain unclear. Here, we investigated the role of cholesterol in OSCC with respect to caveolin-1 (CAV1), a cholesterol-binding protein involved in intracellular cholesterol transport. Cholesterol levels in OSCC cell lines were depleted using methyl-β-cyclodextrin and increased using the methyl-β-cyclodextrin-cholesterol complex. Functional analysis was performed using timelapse imaging, and CAV1 expression in cholesterol-manipulated cells was investigated using immunofluorescence and immunoblotting assays. CAV1 immunohistochemistry was performed on surgical OSCC samples. We observed that cholesterol addition induced polarized cell morphology, along with CAV1 localization at the trailing edge, and promoted cell migration. Moreover, CAV1 was upregulated in the lipid rafts and formed aggregates in the plasma membrane in cholesterol-added cells. High membranous CAV1 expression in tissue specimens was associated with OSCC recurrence. Therefore, cholesterol promotes the migration of OSCC cells by regulating cell polarity and CAV1 localization to the lipid raft. Furthermore, membranous CAV1 expression is a potential prognostic marker for OSCC patients.
Time-optimal terminal control using neural networks

Multilayer neural networks, trained by the backpropagation through time algorithm (BPTT), are used successfully as state-feedback controllers for nonlinear terminal control problems. Current BPTT techniques do not deal systematically with open final-time situations such as minimum-time problems. An extension of BPTT to open final-time problems called time-optimal backpropagation-through-time (TOBPTT) is presented. The derivation uses Lagrange multiplier methods for constrained optimization. The algorithm is tested on a Zermelo problem, and the resulting trajectories compare favorably with classical optimal control results. <<ETX>>
Bacteriological profiles and antibiotic susceptibility of neonatal sepsis in a university hospital of Northern India

Context: Knowledge of epidemiology of bacterial isolates and their anti-biograms in hospital settings is necessary for prompt empirical anti-microbial therapy of neonatal sepsis. Aims: To study risk factors, bacteriological profiles, and anti-biograms of blood culture isolates of both early and late onset neonatal sepsis. Settings and Design: It is a prospective observational study conducted from January 2020 till July 2021 at our tertiary care center. Material and Methods: Neonates (0–28 days) admitted to this neonatal intensive care unit clinically suspected with sepsis were subjected to blood cultures, and the isolates were identified both biochemically and by the matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry system. Antibiotic susceptibility testing (AST) was performed as per CLSI guidelines. Statistical Analysis: Chi-square test was used. Results: Out of 280 suspected cases of neonatal sepsis, 43 (15.3%) cases showed positive blood culture. Of these, the majority (30, 69.8%) had late-onset neonatal sepsis. Major pre-disposing risk factors were pre-term birth and a low birth weight (26, 60.5%). Gram-negative bacteria and Gram-positive bacteria were isolated in 25 (58.1%) and 18 (41.9%) blood cultures, respectively. Klebsiella pneumoniae (37.5%) was the most predominant pathogen in both early-onset (23.1%) and late-onset (46.7%) sepsis. Coagulase negative Staphylococcus (34.8%) was the second most common organism and was more common in late onset (23.2%) neonatal sepsis. A high level of antibiotic resistance was noted in Klebsiella pneumoniae isolates, even to amikacin (76.5%) and carbapenems (66.7%). Conclusion: Increased resistance in bacterial isolates of neonatal sepsis emphasizes the need of AST of bacterial isolates for proper antibiotic administration.
Preparation, Characterization, and Antioxidant Activity of L-Ascorbic Acid/HP-β-Cyclodextrin Inclusion Complex-Incorporated Electrospun Nanofibers

L-Ascorbic acid (LAA) is a key vitamin, implicated in a variety of physiological processes in humans. Due to its free radical scavenging activity, it is extensively employed as an excipient in pharmaceutical products and food supplements. However, its application is greatly impeded by poor thermal and aqueous stability. Herein, to improve the stability and inhibit oxidative degradation, we prepared LAA-cyclodextrin inclusion complex-incorporated nanofibers (NFs). The continuous variation method (Job plot) demonstrated that LAA forms inclusions with hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin (HP-β-CD) at a 2:1 molar stoichiometric ratio. The NFs were prepared via the single step electrospinning technique, without using any polymer matrix. The solid-state characterizations of LAA/HP-β-CD-NF via powder x-ray diffractometry (PXRD), Fourier-transform infrared (FT-IR) analysis, differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), thermal gravimetric analysis (TGA), and nuclear magnetic resonance (1H NMR and 2D-NOESY) spectroscopy, reveal the effective encapsulation of the LAA (guest molecule) inside the HP-β-CD (host) cavity. The SEM micrograph reveals an average fiber diameter of ~339 nm. The outcomes of the thermal investigations demonstrated that encapsulation of LAA within HP-β-CD cavities provides improved thermal stability of LAA (by increasing the thermal degradation temperature). The radical scavenging assay demonstrated the enhanced antioxidant potential of LAA/HP-β-CD-NF, as compared to native LAA. Overall, the study shows that cyclodextrin inclusion complex-incorporated NFs, are an effective approach for improving the limitations associated with LAA, and provide promising avenues in its therapeutic and food applications.
The X-ray view of M 33 after ROSAT

We present a catalogue of 184 X-ray sources within 50 0 of the nucleus of the local group spiral galaxy M 33. The catalogue is derived from an analysis of the complete set of ROSAT archival data pointed in the direction of M 33 and contains X-ray position, existence likelihood, count rates and PSPC spectral hardness ratios. To identify the sources the catalog was correlated with previous X-ray catalogues, optical and radio catalogues. In addition sources were classied according to their X-ray properties. We nd seven candidates for supersoft X-ray sources, of which two may be associated with known planetary nebulae in M 33. The majority of X-ray detected supernova remnants is also detected at radio frequencies and seen in optical lines. The low overall X-ray detection rate of optically selected SNRs can probably be attributed to their expansion into interstellar matter of low density.
Predictors of Feeling of Threat Caused by COVID-19 Pandemic, the Distinctive Effects of Automatic vs. Reflective Emotions

The worldwide pandemic that started in December 2019 was a cause of a great rise in the feeling of threat in society. A feeling of threat and distress can be influenced by the span of emotions experienced by a person, and as it is rather clear, that the situation of pandemic evokes negative emotions, they can range from fear to depression, to even disgust. In this study, we wanted to verify the influence of the negative emotions of automatic origin, related to the well-being and homeostasis of the organism and the negative emotions of reflective origin, which are related to social constructs, on the feeling of threat caused by the pandemic outbreak. We expected automatic emotions to have a greater influence on the feeling of threat. We used an online questionnaire to measure the intensity of negative emotions and the feeling of threat among Polish participants in the time of the early outbreak of the pandemic (March–April 2020). Regression analyses were used to identify the predictors of the feeling of threat. The results show the distinctive effect of automatic and reflective groups of emotions. While automatic emotions always increased the feeling of threat, the reflective emotions suppressed the distress, especially in the group of middle-aged and elderly participants. As reflective emotions are developing in the process of socialization, the observed results could suggest, that young people do not process the situation of the pandemic in reflective categories, which leaves them more worried about the situation. We suggest, that promoting reflective thinking can be helpful in interventions in the cases of anxiety caused by the pandemic, as well as in social communication regarding the topic of the pandemic.
Why the Binding Theory Doesn't Apply at LF

This article argues that the relegation of the binding theory to the C-I interface (LF) is theoretically undesirable and empirically unwarranted. Recent Minimalist research has sought to eliminate the binding theory from UG by reducing its conditions to narrow-syntactic operations (Hornstein 2000, 2006; Reuland 2001, 2006; Kayne 2002; Zwart 2002, 2006; Hicks 2006). This approach remains controversial since the canonical Minimalist binding theory (Chomsky 1993; Chomsky and Lasnik 1993) views the binding conditions as interpretive rules applying at LF, supported by evidence that Condition A interacts with other interpretive phenomena assumed to be determined at LF (Lebeaux 1998; Fox and Nissenbaum 2004). While the interaction of anaphor binding and scope relations in particular is not disputed, I show that it is attributable to factors outside the binding theory, namely the requirement that variables (including anaphors) must be c-commanded by their binders at LF. Deprived of its strongest empirical argument, the LF binding theory can then be picked apart.
Evaluation of genetic diversity using 31 microsatellites in Miyako horses

The Miyako horse is a native Japanese horse breed. As with other native Japanese horses, the number of Miyako horses decreased due to mechanization and motorization, which reduced their roles, with just 14 in 1980. Although their population had increased to 55 horses by 2021, a further increase in their numbers is required to avoid extinction. Recently, their breeding has involved natural mating during group grazing; therefore, pedigree management has been difficult, and individual identification has been inconclusive. With the aim of formulating an effective breeding plan, this study used microsatellites to confirm parent-offspring relationships and evaluate the genetic diversity over time. First, the combination of microsatellite genotypes identified misunderstood parent-offspring relationships in 35.3% of the existing individuals, and a correct family tree was reconstructed. Next, the number of alleles and observed and expected values of heterozygosity were calculated separately for the populations during periods of 1998–2012 and 2013–2020. The values were 4.2, 0.705, and 0.653 and 3.9, 0.633, and 0.603, respectively, indicating that genetic diversity according to all indices decreased during period of 2013–2020. This was probably because of the bias of stallions in the 2013–2020 population. Errors in pedigree information in a small population such as Miyako horses could increase the risk of inbreeding, and confirmation of parent-offspring relationships using genotypes may be beneficial. Additionally, to maintain diversity in future breeding, it is important to avoid bias, particularly among stallions, and to ensure offspring of various individuals who are as distantly related to each other as possible.
AXIALLY CRITICAL LOAD OF MULTIWALL CARBON NANOTUBES UNDER THERMAL ENVIRONMENT

ABSTRACT The axially compressed buckling of multiwall carbon nanotubes under thermal environment is studied. The effects of temperature changes and van der Waals interaction forces between the inner and outer walls of nanotubes are taken into account. From the point of view of continuum modeling, an elastic multilayer shell model considering van der Waals forces is presented for the axially compressed buckling of multiwall carbon nanotubes under thermal environment. Based on this model, some example calculations are carried out to describe the effect of temperature changes on the axially critical load of multiwall carbon nanotubes. Finally, some results obtained show that the axial buckling stress of multiwalled carbon nanotubes under thermal environment is dependent on the wave number of axially buckling modes, and the wave numbers corresponding to the minimum axial stress are not unique for the multiwall carbon nanotubes under thermal environments.
Trajectory Planning for Mobile Robots with Considering Velocity Constraints on Xenomai

This paper presents an implementation of trajectory planning method while considering velocity constraints for a two-wheeled mobile robot (TMR) on Xenomai. A Bezier curve is utilized to make an S-curved path. A convolution operator is used to generate a velocity profile of the travel distance of the planned path while considering the velocity constraints of the TMR. The trajectory planning and multi-tasks are performed on Xenomai, which is a real- time embedded Linux system developed by open-source projects. Finally, the periodicity of real-time task and trajectory tracking performance was analyzed.
Intelligent Systems for Muscle Tracking: A Review on Sensor‐Algorithm Synergy

Advanced technologies for muscle tracking provide easy access to identify and track muscle activity, often for the purposes of therapeutic interventions. The necessity of muscle trackers arises from the acute and chronic sources that disrupt neuromuscular control, resulting in an impaired ability to perform daily activities without assistance. In the context of human–machine interfaces, muscle trackers can serve as the “sensory” component, providing real‐time information to machines, such as exoskeletons and prosthetics, that can act upon such information for therapeutic and functional aid. Recently developed devices for muscle tracking rely on combinations of sensor modalities and algorithms to extract information from biosignals track muscle activity, or even extrapolate kinematic information, including gestures. However, a number of obstacles remain to be overcome to further facilitate the practical implementation of muscle‐tracking technologies, the most notable being real‐time analysis of biosignal data and extracting kinematic information from complex movements. This review attempts to cover the mechanisms behind various sensor modalities and algorithms commonly used for muscle tracking, as well as establish the current state of applications within the field. Given its multidisciplinary nature and ability to free users from rehabilitation constraints, the field of muscle tracking holds significant promise for future study.
Arbitrary Spatial Trajectory Reconstruction Based on a Single Inertial Sensor

Compared with visible, infrared rays, and ultrasonic positioning technologies, the signal acquisition of portable inertial sensors is not affected by the external environment, such as light and occlusion. Therefore, motion tracking based on inertial signals is a promising complement. However, accurate trajectory reconstruction based on inertial sensors is a great challenge due to intrinsic and measurement errors, especially the drift error that exacerbates the accumulative error in trajectory calculation. To address this challenge, we propose a new trajectory reconstruction method, geometric dynamic segmental reconstruction (GDSR), where we treat the movement trajectory as a combination of basic trajectories. To this end, we design a temporal and spatial interaction segmentation approach to decompose the trajectory into basic segments by combining the dynamic feature of inertial measurement unit (IMU) signals with the spatial morphological feature of motion. Accordingly, we design a geometrical model library with undetermined parameters to match these segments. For precise parameter prediction, we propose an extra-supervised learning method that integrates different prediction tasks into one framework, which can not only expand training samples, but also enable different subtasks to compete with each other, thus improving the parameter prediction accuracy of each subtask, thereby accurately approximating the trajectory segments. To quantify the trajectory reconstruction accuracy, we propose the Fréchet spline sliding error (FSSE) and length error ratio (LER) to evaluate curve similarity. The range of FSSE is [0], [2], where 0 means that the two curves have the same shape. The range of LER is [1, $+\infty $ ], where 1 means that the two curves have the same length. We test different IMUs in two experimental scenarios and one public available dataset. In all three tests, the FSSE of the GDSR method is less than 0.09, and the LER is less than 1.31, which is significantly better than all the comparison methods.
A Motor Recovery Training and Evaluation Method for the Upper Limb Rehabilitation Robotic System

Stroke can cause acute damage to blood vessels in the brain, which often leads to hemiplegia and imbalances in mobility. It is a challenge to develop a motor recovery training and evaluation method with less help of therapists. In this article, a motor recovery training and evaluation method for the upper limb rehabilitation robotic system is proposed. This system has two rehabilitation units, one is active, and the other is passive. The developed rehabilitation robotic system includes an exoskeleton rehabilitation robot and PHANTOM1.5. The patients do rehabilitation training with the help of a robot in the passive unit, and a virtual reality game is designed in the active unit. Patients with mild motor impairments observe the virtual reality game interface while manipulating the PHANTOM to do rehabilitation training. Three experiments are proposed in this paper. The fuzzy neural network (FNN), spring-damper model, and the method to evaluate the training trajectory are designed and validated. The surface electromyography (sEMG) signals and grip force during rehabilitation training are collected to set up an FNN and achieve evaluation. The accuracy of the network is 0.96 which is calculated in validation set. In Section IV, the rehabilitation evaluation method is compared with the state of art on rehabilitation evaluation method. The method proposed in this article can reach high accuracy. It is easy to use and understand for patients even without the help of therapists. The problem of lacking therapists can be solved to some extent by the proposed upper limb rehabilitation system.
Exploring multiple dimensions of attachment to historic urban places, a case study of Edinburgh, Scotland

ABSTRACT This paper is concerned with people’s attachments to historic urban places they experience in their daily lives. The topic has received growing emphasis in the realm of heritage studies, given its importance to the conservation and management of historic urban environments. Drawing on qualitative data collected from thirty in-depth interviews carried out in Edinburgh, Scotland, I explore the multiple ways in which (known as dimensions in place attachment literature) people develop attachments to historic urban places: from a kind of autobiographic attachments which were grounded in their everyday living and memories, and those of their families to intellectual attachments wherein they showcased their deep appreciation for the attributes that define a historic place. I also seek to demonstrate a class-specific nature of attachments at the intellectual level, adding a politicised view to the complexity of the phenomenon. In so doing, I demonstrate the many ways in which historic places are important to people’s enjoyment of lives in the city, and the various roles the history of places and/or their historic attributes played in forging such attachments. I conclude the paper with discussions on findings related to the current state of knowledge in place attachment research and implications for heritage practices.
Mathematical concept of the Bloch flow equations for general magnetic resonance imaging: A review

The recent analytical solutions to the Bloch NMR equations for a general RF excitation have opened many possibilities for further investigations to NMR theory and experiments even at the molecular level. Fortunately, many of the most important but hidden applications of blood flow and general physiological fluid flow parameters can be revealed without too much difficulty if appropriate mathematical techniques are used to explore the new NMR equations derived from the Bloch equations. Generally, we should be very much concerned with analytical results that the Bloch NMR flow equations can provide for different physical, biomedical, geophysical, medical, and environmental situations especially at the molecular level for the purpose of interdisciplinary approach to solve difficult problems. It can be motivating, exciting, and rewarding if attention are focused on the possible application of these analytical techniques and methods suitable for describing each of the various normal and pathological biological conditions. Most solutions presented in this study are described both in isotropic and anisotropic geometries with minimum mathematical assumptions. We discussed a general expression for the diffusion coefficients in the common geometries. These analytical results can prove to be very invaluable in the analysis of restricted flows. It is so much special because it could tell us when restricted flows occur and also reveal the causes of such restriction. Such knowledge can help in finding the causes of many diseases (whose causes are yet unknown) and suggest the best treatment for them. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Concepts Magn Reson Part A 38A: 85–101, 2011.