Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Molecular targets of elevated [CO2] in leaves and stems of Populus deltoides: implications for future tree growth and carbon sequestration.

We report the first comprehensive analysis of the effects of elevated [CO2] on gene expression in source leaf and stem sink tissues in woody plants. We have taken advantage of coppiced Populus deltoides (Bartr.) stands grown for 3 years under three different and constant elevated [CO2] in the agriforest mesocosms of Biosphere 2. Leaf area per tree was doubled by elevated [CO2] but although growth at 800 v. 400 µmol mol-1 CO2 resulted in a significant increase in stem biomass, growth was not stimulated at 1200 µmol mol-1 CO2. Growth under elevated [CO2] also resulted in significant increases in stem wood density. Analysis of expression data for the 13 490 clones present on POP1 microarrays revealed 95 and 277 [CO2]-responsive clones in leaves and stems respectively, with the response being stronger at 1200 µmol mol-1. When these [CO2]-responsive genes were assigned to functional categories, metabolism-related genes were the most responsive to elevated [CO2]. However within this category, expression of genes relating to bioenergetic processes was unchanged in leaves whereas the expression of genes for storage proteins and of those involved in control of wall expansion was enhanced. In contrast to leaves, the genes up-regulated in stems under elevated [CO2] were primarily enzymes responsible for lignin formation and polymerisation or ethylene response factors, also known to induce lignin biosynthesis. Concomitant with this enhancement of lignin biosynthesis in stems, there was a pronounced repression of genes related to cell wall formation and cell growth. These changes in gene expression have clear consequences for long-term carbon sequestration, reducing the carbon-fertilisation effect, and the potential for increased lignification may negatively impact on future wood quality for timber and paper production.
Parallel algorithms for geometric graph problems

We give algorithms for geometric graph problems in the modern parallel models such as MapReduce. For example, for the Minimum Spanning Tree (MST) problem over a set of points in the two-dimensional space, our algorithm computes a (1 + ε)-approximate MST. Our algorithms work in a constant number of rounds of communication, while using total space and communication proportional to the size of the data (linear space and near linear time algorithms). In contrast, for general graphs, achieving the same result for MST (or even connectivity) remains a challenging open problem [9], despite drawing significant attention in recent years. We develop a general algorithmic framework that, besides MST, also applies to Earth-Mover Distance (EMD) and the transportation cost problem. Our algorithmic framework has implications beyond the MapReduce model. For example it yields a new algorithm for computing EMD cost in the plane in near-linear time, n1+oε(1). We note that while recently [33] have developed a near-linear time algorithm for (1 + ε)-approximating EMD, our algorithm is fundamentally different, and, for example, also solves the transportation (cost) problem, raised as an open question in [33]. Furthermore, our algorithm immediately gives a (1+ ε)-approximation algorithm with nδ space in the streaming-with-sorting model with 1/δO(1) passes. As such, it is tempting to conjecture that the parallel models may also constitute a concrete playground in the quest for efficient algorithms for EMD (and other similar problems) in the vanilla streaming model, a well-known open problem.
Mandibular asymmetry in Class II subdivision malocclusion.

OBJECTIVE To evaluate the condylar and ramal mandibular asymmetry in a group of patients with Class II subdivision malocclusion to identify possible gender differences between male and female subjects. MATERIALS AND METHODS Mandibular asymmetry measurements (condylar, ramal, and condylar-plus-ramal asymmetry values) were performed on the panoramic radiographs of 80 subjects (34 male and 46 female). The study group consisted of 40 Class II subdivision patients (18 male and 22 female; mean age 14.53 +/- 3.14 years). The control group consisted of 40 subjects with normal occlusion (16 male and 24 female; mean age 14.43 +/- 3.05 years). The Kruskal-Wallis test was used to determine the possible statistically significant differences between the groups for condylar, ramal, and condylar-plus-ramal asymmetry index measurements. Identified differences between groups were further analyzed using the Mann-Whitney U-test at the 95% confidence interval (P < .05). RESULTS No gender-related difference was found for any of the asymmetry indices. Comparison of condylar, ramal, and condylar-plus-ramal asymmetry index values and gonial angle measurements for Class I and Class II sides in the Class II subdivision group and for right and left sides in the Class I group showed no statistically significant differences. However, the Class II subdivision group has longer values for condylar, ramal, and condylar-plus-ramal height measurements and only these differences were statistically significant (P < .001). CONCLUSIONS Except for condylar ramal and condylar-plus-ramal height measurements, Class II subdivision patients have symmetrical condyles when compared to normal occlusion samples according to Habbet's mandibular asymmetry indices.
On p-norm Path Following in Multiple Kernel Learning for Non-linear Feature Selection

Our objective is to develop formulations and algorithms for efficiently computing the feature selection path - i.e. the variation in classification accuracy as the fraction of selected features is varied from null to unity. Multiple Kernel Learning subject to lp≤1 regularization (lp-MKL) has been demonstrated to be one of the most effective techniques for non-linear feature selection. However, state-of-the-art lp-MKL algorithms are too computationally expensive to be invoked thousands of times to determine the entire path. We propose a novel conjecture which states that, for certain lp-MKL formulations, the number of features selected in the optimal solution monotonically decreases as p is decreased from an initial value to unity. We prove the conjecture, for a generic family of kernel target alignment based formulations, and show that the feature weights themselves decay (grow) monotonically once they are below (above) a certain threshold at optimality. This allows us to develop a path following algorithm that systematically generates optimal feature sets of decreasing size. The proposed algorithm sets certain feature weights directly to zero for potentially large intervals of p thereby reducing optimization costs while simultaneously providing approximation guarantees. We empirically demonstrate that our formulation can lead to classification accuracies which are as much as 10% higher on benchmark data sets not only as compared to other lp-MKL formulations and uniform kernel baselines but also leading feature selection methods. We further demonstrate that our algorithm reduces training time significantly over other path following algorithms and state-of-the-art lp-MKL optimizers such as SMO-MKL. In particular, we generate the entire feature selection path for data sets with a hundred thousand features in approximately half an hour on standard hardware. Entire path generation for such data set is well beyond the scaling capabilities of other methods.
3D‐Transistor Array Based on Horizontally Suspended Silicon Nano‐bridges Grown via a Bottom‐Up Technique

Integrated surround-gate field-effect-transistors enabled by bottom-up synthesis of nano-bridges are demonstrated. Horizontally oriented silicon nano-bridge devices are fabricated avoiding the rigorous processes for aligning and contacting nanowires grown via a bottom-up technique. Evaluation of electrical properties and a memory device application of the transistors are presented.
Using Artificial Intelligence to Predict Animal Behaviour in Food Webs

Overfishing of species in the marine life has caused oceans to become deserts at a fast pace. The population of specific species such as Cod and Haddock has reduced over the years. This has affected countries that hugely depend on them as a source of food. This study used Dynamic Bayesian Network (DBN) to predict animal behaviour in a food web. Two independent biomass surveys from the North Sea were used to learn predictive models and test them on the Northern Gulf Ocean. The resulting predictive model is expected to unveil useful information about what affects the population of fishes in the Northern Gulf Ocean. In addition, the predictive model was used to make predictions into the future about the effects of tampering with the population of specific species of fish in the same region. The focus was on the Cod species in the George’s Bank in relationship to species network in their food web. Looking at their biomass states and the effects it has on the hidden dependence when there is a change in their biomass states. Also, the different predictive models were used to evaluate species in the George’s Bank based on their performance. The result from the experiment shows that there is a hidden dependence, which is responsible for the collapse of species (Cod); due to the temperature or salinity of the ocean.
Functioning and Disability in Bipolar Disorder: An Extensive Review

Background: Bipolar disorder has generally been regarded as having a better functional outcome than schizophrenia. However, studies have suggested low functioning in bipolar patients even when they are in clinical remission. Our aim was to determine the degree of functioning and disability in bipolar patients. Secondly, we reviewed factors potentially associated with the low functioning of bipolar patients. Method: The authors conducted an extensive Medline and Pubmed search of the published literature from 1980 up to December 2007, using a variety of search terms to find relevant articles. Bibliographies of retrieved papers were further analysed for publications of interest. Articles that reported clinically significant findings on functioning and disability, and research reports were reviewed in detail. Results: From these articles, we determined that bipolar disorder is associated with significant impairment in work, family and social life, beyond the acute phases of the illness. The aspects that appear to increase the risk of low functioning and disability in bipolar patients are mainly subsyndromal symptoms and neurocognitive impairment, among others. Conclusions: Suitable pharmacological and psychological interventions may improve the level of functioning and reduce the disability in bipolar patients. Potential targets to be considered for intervention should be residual symptoms, comorbid conditions and neurocognitive deficits. Further research is required to better identify the factors that best predict functioning in bipolar patients.
Investigation of the Effects of Pressure Path and Tool Parameters in Hydrodynamic Deep Drawing

Hydrodynamic deep drawing assisted by radial pressure is one of the main types of hydroforming process. In this paper, forming of cylindrical cups is investigated numerically and experimentally in hydrodynamic deep drawing assisted by radial pressure. The effects of significant parameters such as pressure path, punch corner radius and die profile radius are studied on thickness distribution and punch force. Results showed that increasing maximum pressure affects the thickness reduction of the cup in critical regions. Applying pressure above a certain value does not have a considerable effect on thickness of the part. On the other hand, increasing maximum pressure increases the force required for forming a cylindrical cup. Also, it was found that by increasing the punch corner radius, thickness distribution will be more uniform while maximum punch force does not change. Increasing the die profile radius has a positive effect on the thickness distribution and the forming force.
A Pilot Study Comparing the Efficacy, Fidelity, Acceptability, and Feasibility of Telehealth and Face-to-Face Creative Movement Interventions in Children with Autism Spectrum Disorder

Aims: We compared the efficacy, fidelity, acceptability, and feasibility of a creative movement (CM) intervention for children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD), delivered face-to-face (F2F) or through telehealth (TH). Methods: Fifteen children with ASD received the CM intervention F2F or through TH. Motor assessments were used to evaluate effects of F2F and TH interventions on children's motor skills, while video coding was used to assess affect, socially directed verbalization, interpersonal synchrony, and motor coordination during training. Stakeholder feedback and training fidelity data on the intervention were also collected. Results: Children in both subgroups showed similar baseline performance and training-related improvements in motor skills, positive/interested affect, socially directed verbalization, interpersonal synchrony, and dual/multilimb coordination. Parents in the TH subgroup considered the intervention feasible and acceptable; however, they reported greater effort to supervise and redirect their child's attention compared to the F2F subgroup. Trainers for the TH subgroup reported more communication difficulties, technological issues, and longer session lengths, but found greater parental involvement compared to the F2F subgroup. Conclusions: CM interventions are consistent, acceptable, feasible, and effective in improving social, behavioral-affective, and motor skills of children with ASD, regardless of the method of delivery. Clinicians should make efforts to reduce communication/technological issues and parental burden when delivering CM interventions through TH. ClinicalTrials.Gov Study ID-NCT04258254.
The Centre Acknowledges Financial Support from the Leverhulme Trust under Programme Grant F114/bf Centre for Research on Globalisation and Labour Markets Rules of Origin as Commercial Policy Instruments Rules of Origin as Commercial Policy Instruments

This paper examines the role of Rules of Origin as a commercial policy instrument which targets the input composition of imports. Using a three country, partial equilibrium structure, we demonstrate conditions under which the imposition of a binding Rule will be welfare improving for an importer facing competitive export suppliers. We further show that employing Rules of Origin in this way would be complementary to, rather than a substitute for, conventional optimal tariffs.
Adaptive Signal Models: Theory, Algorithms, and Audio Applications

List of Figures. Foreword M. Vetterli. Preface. 1. Signal Models and Analysis-Synthesis. 2. Sinusoidal Modeling. 3. Multiresolution Sinusoidal Modeling. 4. Residual Modeling. 5. Pitch-Synchronous Models. 6. Matching Pursuit and Atomic Models. 7. Conclusions. Appendix A: Two-Channel Filter Banks. Appendix B: Fourier Series Representations. References. References for Poetry Excerpts. Index.
A community perspective on the concept of 1 marine holobionts: current status, challenges, 2 and future directions 3

: 89 Host-microbe interactions play crucial roles in marine ecosystems, but we still have very 90 little understanding of the mechanisms that govern these relationships, the evolutionary processes that shape them, and their ecological consequences. The holobiont concept is a 92 renewed paradigm in biology that can help describe and understand these complex systems. It 93 posits that a host and its associated microbiota, living together in a stable relationship, form the 94 holobiont, and have to be studied together, as a coherent biological and functional unit, to 95 understand its biology, ecology and evolution. Here we discuss critical concepts and
Lack of Expansion of Major Histocompatibility Complex Class Ib-Restricted Effector Cells following Recovery from Secondary Infection with the Intracellular Pathogen Listeria monocytogenes

ABSTRACT Sublethal infection of BALB/c mice with the intracellular bacterial pathogen Listeria monocytogenes leads to the development of antilisterial immunity with concurrent stimulation of major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class Ia- and Ib-restricted CD8+ effector T cells. Secondary L. monocytogenes infection is followed by an accelerated increase in the number of Listeria-specific CD8+ cells and rapid clearance of the bacterium from the murine host. Recovery from secondary infection is associated with increased levels of effector cell function, as measured by gamma interferon secretion following coculture of immune cells with L. monocytogenes infected APCs in vitro, as well as antilisterial cytotoxicity, as measured by effector cell recognition of L. monocytogenes-infected target cells. We assessed the frequency ofL. monocytogenes-specific MHC class I-restricted cells following secondary infection by ELISPOT assays utilizing coculture of immune cells with L. monocytogenes-infected antigen-presenting cells that express MHC class Ia and/or Ib molecules. We found that the antilisterial Qa-1b (MHC class Ib)-restricted effector subset is not detected as an expanded population following secondary infection compared to the frequency of this effector population as measured following recovery from primary infection. This is in contrast to the frequency of antilisterial H2-Kd (MHC class Ia)-restricted effector cells, which following recovery from secondary infection are detected as an expanded population, and appears to undergo a substantial expansion event 3 to 4 days post-secondary infection. These results are consistent with the conclusion that althoughListeria-specific MHC class Ib-restricted effector cells are present following recovery from secondary infection, this subset does not appear to undergo the expansion phase that is detected for the MHC class Ia-restricted effector cell response.
Ionization compression impact on dense gas distribution and star formation Probability density functions around H II regions as seen by Herschel

Ionization feedback should impact the probability distribution function (PDF) of the column density around the ionized gas. We aim to quantify this effect and discuss its potential link to the Core and Initial Mass Function (CMF/IMF). We used in a systematic way Herschel column density maps of several regions observed within the HOBYS key program: M16, the Rosette and Vela C molecular cloud, and the RCW 120 H ii region. We fitted the column density PDFs of all clouds with two lognormal distributions, since they present a double-peak or enlarged shape in the PDF. Our interpretation is that the lowest part of the column density distribution describes the turbulent molecular gas while the second peak corresponds to a compression zone induced by the expansion of the ionized gas into the turbulent molecular cloud. The condensations at the edge of the ionized gas have a steep compressed radial profile, sometimes recognizable in the flattening of the power-law tail. This could lead to an unambiguous criterion able to disentangle triggered from pre-existing star formation. In the context of the gravo-turbulent scenario for the origin of the CMF/IMF, the double peaked/enlarged shape of the PDF may impact the formation of objects at both the low-mass and the high-mass end of the CMF/IMF. In particular a broader PDF is required by the gravo-turbulent scenario to fit properly the IMF with a reasonable initial Mach number for the molecular cloud. Since other physical processes (e.g. the equation of state and the variations among the core properties) have already been suggested to broaden the PDF, the relative importance of the different effects remains an open question.
Calcineurin is activated in rat hearts with physiological left ventricular hypertrophy induced by voluntary exercise training.

BACKGROUND Calcineurin may play a pivotal role in the signaling of cardiac hypertrophy; since this hypothesis was first put forward, controversial reports have been published using various experimental models. This study was designed to compare the physiological left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH) induced by voluntary exercise with LVH induced by aortic constriction and to determine whether calcineurin participates in the signaling of exercise-induced LVH. METHODS AND RESULTS Wistar rats were assigned to 1 of the following 5 groups: 10 weeks of voluntary exercise (EX), a sedentary regimen, a 1-week (AC1) or 4-week (AC4) ascending aortic constriction period, or a sham operation. EX rats ran 2.4+/-0.7 km/day voluntarily in specially manufactured cages; this was associated with an increase of LV diastolic dimension and stroke volume. Myocardial calcineurin activity markedly increased in EX rats (46.4+/-8.3 versus 18.4+/-0.5 pmol. min(-1). mg(-1) in sedentary rats; P<0.001) and in AC1 rats (44.9+/-6.7 versus 22.1+/-3.7 pmol. min(-1). mg(-1) in sham-operated rats; P<0.001), but not in AC4 rats (29.0+/-3.4 pmol. min(-1). mg(-1)). Treatment with cyclosporin A completely inhibited the development of LVH in EX rats, but it only partially attenuated the development of LVH in AC4 rats. CONCLUSIONS Calcineurin was activated in exercise-induced physiological LVH and in the developing phase of LVH (AC1), but not in decompensated pressure-overload hypertrophy (AC4). Cyclosporin therapy for the prevention of LVH may be harmful because it does not block the development of pathological hypertrophy but rather that of favorable adaptive hypertrophy.
Mortality among non-severely under nourished children with pneumonia globally: protocol for a systematic review and meta-analysis

Background Pneumonia remains the commonest cause of ill health and mortality among children worldwide. Severe undernutrition increases the mortality risk among children with pneumonia. While children with pneumonia are at increased risk of developing malnutrition, the impact of pneumonia on mortality and nutritional status of non-severely undernourished children is not well described. The impact of nutritional supplementation on mortality and nutritional status in this population is not well understood. This review will collate available evidence on the all-cause mortality and anthropometric indices outcomes following pneumonia, as well as the impact of nutritional supplementation on mortality and anthropometry among non-severely malnourished children with pneumonia. Methods The review will be done using a priori criteria developed following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guideline. Data will be obtained from data bases, grey literature, and bibliographies. An experienced librarian will conduct article search in PUBMED, MEDLINE, EMBASE, Web of Science, Google scholar, and Scopus. Retrieved articles will be entered in Endnote ver 9.0, duplicates removed, and transferred to Epi-reviewer for screening and data abstraction. Risk of bias in the included articles will be assessed using standard criteria. Heterogeneity will be assessed using I 2-statistic and sub-group analysis will be done. Data will be analysed using both narrative and quantitative synthesis. Quantitative synthesis will be done using DeSimonian and Laird Random-effects model in STATA ver 15.0. Conclusions The results will provide baseline information about the mortality and anthropometric outcomes of pneumonia among non-severely malnourished children as well as the potential effect of nutritional supplementation on these outcomes. This will provide a basis to explore the potential for nutritional supplementation improving clinical outcomes like mortality and occurrence of severe acute malnutrition among children with severe pneumonia worldwide. Registration The review has been registered in PROSPERO (CRD42021257272; 15 July 2021).