Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Effect of 17 days of bed rest on peak isometric force and unloaded shortening velocity of human soleus fibers.

The purpose of this study was to examine the effect of prolonged bed rest (BR) on the peak isometric force (Po) and unloaded shortening velocity ( V o) of single Ca2+-activated muscle fibers. Soleus muscle biopsies were obtained from eight adult males before and after 17 days of 6° head-down BR. Chemically permeabilized single fiber segments were mounted between a force transducer and position motor, activated with saturating levels of Ca2+, and subjected to slack length steps. V owas determined by plotting the time for force redevelopment vs. the slack step distance. Gel electrophoresis revealed that 96% of the pre- and 87% of the post-BR fibers studied expressed only the slow type I myosin heavy chain isoform. Fibers with diameter >100 μm made up only 14% of this post-BR type I population compared with 33% of the pre-BR type I population. Consequently, the post-BR type I fibers ( n = 147) were, on average, 5% smaller in diameter than the pre-BR type I fibers ( n = 218) and produced 13% less absolute Po. BR had no overall effect on Po per fiber cross-sectional area (Po/CSA), even though half of the subjects displayed a decline of 9-12% in Po/CSA after BR. Type I fiber V oincreased by an average of 34% with BR. Although the ratio of myosin light chain 3 to myosin light chain 2 also rose with BR, there was no correlation between this ratio and V o for either the pre- or post-BR fibers. In separate fibers obtained from the original biopsies, quantitative electron microscopy revealed a 20-24% decrease in thin filament density, with no change in thick filament density. These results raise the possibility that alterations in the geometric relationships between thin and thick filaments may be at least partially responsible for the elevated V o of the post-BR type I fibers.
A Nonparametric, Distribution-Free Test for Serial Independence in Stock Returns

Abstract A fundamental statistical test of serial independence is developed and applied to daily stock returns. Let xt be the deviation of the daily return on a stock from its sample mean after any autocorrelation present has been removed. If xt is serially independent, then the cumulative sum of xt over time is the position of a one-dimensional random walk on a line. The empirical distribution of step lengths over a large sample allows the distribution of the largest absolute excursion in a T-step walk to be calculated by repeated simulation. The observed maximal excursions are found to be significantly smaller than one would expect, based on serial independence and the observed distribution of step lengths. It is concluded that these daily stock returns are not serially independent and that the market value of the corporations studied has a tendency to return to an interval around the trend value.
Beyond Teachers: Estimating Individual School Counselors’ Effects on Educational Attainment

Counselors are a common school resource for students navigating complicated and consequential education choices. I estimate counselors’ causal effects using quasi-random assignment policies in Massachusetts. Counselors vary substantially in their effectiveness at increasing high school graduation and college attendance, selectivity, and persistence. Counselor effects on educational attainment are similar in magnitude to teacher effects, but they flow through improved information and assistance more than cognitive or noncognitive skill development. Counselor effectiveness is most important for low-income and low-achieving students, so improving access to effective counseling may be a promising way to increase educational attainment and close socioeconomic gaps in education. (JEL H75, I21, I24, I28)
Interactive intelligence : behaviour-based AI , musical HCI and the Turing Test Conference Item

The field of behaviour-based artificial intelligence (AI), with its roots in the robotics research of Rodney Brooks, is not predominantly tied to linguistic interaction in the sense of the classic Turing test (or, “imitation game”). Yet, it is worth noting, both are centred on a behavioural model of intelligence. Similarly, there is no intrinsic connection between musical AI and the language-based Turing test, though there have been many attempts to forge connections between them. Nonetheless, there are aspects of musical AI and the Turing test that can be considered in the context of nonlanguage-based interactive environments–in particular, when dealing with real-time musical AI, especially interactive improvisation software. This paper draws out the threads of intentional agency and human indistinguishability from Turing’s original 1950 characterisation of AI. On the basis of this distinction, it considers different approaches to musical AI. In doing so, it highlights possibilities for non-hierarchical interplay between human and computer agents.
The clustering of galaxies in the SDSS-III Baryon Oscillation Spectroscopic Survey: the low-redshift sample

We report on the small scale (0:5 < r < 40h 1 Mpc) clustering of 78895 massive (M 10 11:3 M ) galaxies at 0:2 < z < 0:4 from the first two years of data from the Baryon Oscillation Spectroscopic Survey (BOSS), to be released as part of SDSS Data Release 9 (DR9). We describe the sample selection, basic properties of the galaxies, and caveats for working with the data. We calculate the real- and redshift-space two-point correlation functions of these galaxies, fit these measurements using Halo Occupation Distribution (HOD) modeling within dark matter cosmological simulations, and estimate the errors using mock catalogs. These galaxies lie in massive halos, with a mean halo mass of 5:2 10 13 h 1 M , a large scale bias of 2:0, and a satellite fraction of 12 2%. Thus,
Hydrologoclimatic hypothesis and examples of its use

According to the opinion of a number of specialists, relative stability of the global climate has been observed throughout approximately the last eight millennia. This statement is based on the virtually constant water level of the ocean during the above period. and data on isotopic content of some chemical elements in core samples from ultradeep bore holes in the ice sheets of Antarctica, Greenland, and other places. This raises the hypothesis, according to which a universal proportionality of the heat and water resources actively participating in the exchange processes in the hydrosphere and the atmosphere of the earth should be maintained if a relatively stable global climate is retained for eight thousand years. A probable approach to justify a hydrologoclimatic hypothesis using information on the world water balance and assuming relatively stable climatic conditions is discussed. This hypothesis allows us to more properly estimate the world water balance and ratio of heat and water resources taking an active part in their exchange, as well as to analyze and generalize the available data on climatic elements, and to update their magnitudes and ratios.
Sur la détermination de la teneur en eau et de l'infiltration à partir de mesures passives de la température du sol

Une synthese des parametres caracterisant la zone non saturee, des proprietes physiques reliees aux proprietes hydrodynamiques, et des methodes de mesure de la teneur en eau, est d’abord presentee. Ensuite, les modes de transfert de la chaleur dans le sol, les methodes de mesure de la temperature et la metrologie du capteur choisi (thermometre a resistance de platine) sont developpees. Puis, le site d’etude et les mesures realisees sur ce site (temperature a differentes profondeurs, teneur en eau par sonde TDR…) sont presentes. Enfin le traitement des mesures de temperature, en resolvant l’equation de la chaleur avec transferts par conduction et convection, est developpe. Plusieurs methodes permettant de determiner la vitesse de Darcy et la teneur en eau sont analysees. La premiere consiste a extraire les amplitudes et les phases des variations sinusoidales. Appliquee avec succes aux variations annuelles, les limitations de cette methode a la variation diurne sont dues principalement a la modulation de celle-ci. Deux approches, numerique (resolution directe en difference finies et en elements finis) sont abordees ensuite. Pour pouvoir determiner la vitesse de Darcy, la connaissance de la structure thermique du terrain s’avere indispensable. Les tests sur les donnees synthetiques permettent de conclure que les resultats pour le terme de diffusion sont plus fiables que ceux pour le terme de convection. La confrontation avec les donnees de controle (pluie, ETP, teneur en eau) met en evidence une bonne correlation entre les valeurs relatives de teneur en eau determinees par exploitation des variations relatives de la diffusivite et celles obtenues a partir des sondes TDR.
Towards secure digital farming: security model and risks associated to machine learning

In digital farming, machine learning is already widely used to optimize the production using sources such as genomics, health, welfare, production, and environmental data. However, this increasing use of machine learning has led to the emergence of multiple types of confidentiality and integrity breaches targeting both the models and the data they have been trained on. Our main objective in this paper is to discuss possible security issues that could arise in digital farming due to the use of machine learning techniques and the urgency to implement innovative countermeasures to prevent them. First, we propose a security model dedicated to the specific settings and threats of the digital farming context. In this model, we identify the resources at risk, define the different classes of actors, determine the risk vectors, and propose some realistic attack scenarios. Afterwards, we use this model to put in perspective the machine learning induced risks and show how they may adversely affect digital farming. The considered attacks encompass model theft, model inversion, membership inference, data poisoning and adversarial examples. For each of these threats, we also briefly revied possible mitigation means, such as differential privacy, prediction access control and robust statistics.
Polymorphisms Near TBX 5 and GDF 7 Are Associated With Increased Risk for Barrett ’ s

Palles, Claire, Chegwidden, Laura, Li, Xinzhong, Findlay, John M. , Farnham, Garry, Castro Giner, Francesc, Peppelenbosch, Maikel P., Kovac, Michal, Adams, Claire L. , Prenen, Hans, Briggs, Sarah, Harrison, Rebecca, Sanders, Scott, MacDonald, David, Haigh, Chris, Tucker, Art, Love, Sharon, Nanji, Manoj, deCaestecker, John, Ferry, David, Rathbone, Barrie, Hapeshi, Julie, Barr, Hugh, Moayyedi, Paul, Watson, Peter, Zietek, Barbara, Maroo, Neera, Gay, Laura, Underwood, Tim, Boulter, Lisa, McMurtry, Hugh, Monk, David, Patel, Praful, Ragunath, Krish, Al Dulaimi, David, Murray, Iain, Koss, Konrad, Veitch, Andrew, Trudgill, Nigel, Nwokolo, Chuka, Rembacken, Bjorn, Atherfold, Paul, Green, Elaine, Ang, Yeng, Kuipers, Ernst J., Chow, Wu, Paterson, Stuart, Kadri, Sudarshan, Beales, Ian, Grimley, Charles, Mullins, Paul, Beckett, Conrad, Farrant, Mark, Dixon, Andrew, Kelly, Sean, Johnson, Matthew, Wajed, Shahjehan, Dhar, Anjan, Sawyer, Elinor, Roylance, Rebecca, Onstad, Lynn, Gammon, Marilie D. , Corley, Douglas A. , Shaheen, Nicholas J., Bird, Nigel C. , Hardie, Laura J., Reid, Brian J., Ye, Weimin, Liu, Geoffrey, Romero, Yvonne, Bernstein, Leslie, Wu, Anna H. , Casson, Alan G. , Fitzgerald, Rebecca, Whiteman, David C. , Risch, Harvey A. , Levine, David M. , Vaughan, Tom L. , Verhaar, Auke P., van den Brande, Jan, Toxopeus, Eelke L. , Spaander, Manon C. , Wijnhoven, Bas P.L. , van der Laan, Luc J.W. , Krishnadath, Kausilia, Wijmenga, Cisca, Trynka, Gosia, McManus, Ross, Reynolds, John V. , O’Sullivan, Jacintha, MacMathuna, Padraic, McGarrigle, Sarah A. , Kelleher, Dermot, Vermeire, Severine, Cleynen, Isabelle, Bisschops, Raf, Tomlinson, Ian and Jankowski, Janusz
The Human Brain: Surface, Three-Dimensional Sectional Anatomy and Mri

The recent progress of medical imaging, such as the three-dimensional reconstruction of cerebral structures, calls for a better understanding of the anatomy of the brain. Therefore, this book comprises serial sections - 2 to 4 mm thick - of the cerebral hemispheres and diencephalon in the coronal, sagittal and horizontal planes. To point out the level of the sections more accurately, each of the sections is shown from different angles, emphasizing the surrounding hemisphere surfaces. This three-dimensional approach should prove useful for an understanding of the difficult anatomy of the gyri and sulci of the brain. Whenever possible, MRI images of planes have been added so that they can be compared with the anatomical section.
Profiling and Service Delivery in Internet-enabled Cars

This paper presents our experience applying web services and active database technology in an automotive scenario. Particularly, we concentrate on developing an infrastructure for customizing the user’s experience in a vehicle. The motivation of this work is to allow the users to carry with them a personalized environment and apply their preferences not only to instrument adjustments and to maintenance and diagnostic information handling services but also to location-based services, infotainment and a briefing service that links to the user’s office environment. We describe the infrastructure, the realization of the internal as well as the application services and discuss work in progress related to privacy and billing issues.
Adaptive Time-frequency Scaterring for Periodic Modulation Recognition in Music Signals

Vibratos, tremolos, trills, and ﬂutter-tongue are techniques frequently found in vocal and instrumental music. A common feature of these techniques is the periodic modulation in the time–frequency domain. We propose a representation based on time–frequency scattering to model the inter-class variability for ﬁne discrimination of these periodic modulations. Time–frequency scattering is an instance of the scattering transform, an approach for building invariant, stable, and informative signal representations. The proposed representation is calculated around the wavelet subband of maximal acoustic energy, rather than over all the wavelet bands. To demonstrate the feasibility of this approach, we build a system that computes the representation as input to a machine learning classiﬁer. Whereas previously published datasets for playing technique analysis focus primarily on techniques recorded in isolation, for ecological validity, we create a new dataset to evaluate the system. The dataset, named CBF-periDB, contains full-length expert performances on the Chinese bamboo ﬂute that have been thoroughly annotated by the players themselves. We report F-measures of 99% for ﬂutter-tongue, 82% for trill, 69% for vibrato, and 51% for tremolo detection, and provide explanatory visualisations of scattering coefﬁcients for each of these techniques.
Model-based Boosting 2 . 0

This is an extended version of the manuscript Torsten Hothorn, Peter Bühlmann, Thomas Kneib, Mattthias Schmid and Benjamin Hofner (2010), Model-based Boosting 2.0. Journal of Machine Learning Research, 11, 2109 – 2113; http://jmlr.csail. mit.edu/papers/v11/hothorn10a.html. We describe version 2.0 of the R add-on package mboost. The package implements boosting for optimizing general risk functions utilizing component-wise (penalized) least squares estimates or regression trees as base-learners for fitting generalized linear, additive and interaction models to potentially high-dimensional data.
Parietal involvement in the semantic variant of primary progressive aphasia with Alzheimer’s disease CSF profile

Semantic variant of primary progressive aphasia (svPPA) is typically associated with non-Alzheimer’s disease (AD) pathology. However, some anatomopathological studies have found AD lesions in those patients. We compared brain perfusion SPECT of 18 svPPA patients with CSF biomarkers indicative of non-Alzheimer pathology (svPPA-nonAD) and three svPPA patients with CSF biomarkers indicative of underlying AD (svPPA-AD). All svPPA patients had severe left temporopolar hypoperfusion. SvPPA-nonAD had additional anterior cingulate and mediofrontal hypoperfusion, whereas svPPA-AD had greater left parietal and posterior cingulate involvement. Parietal damage in svPPA constitutes a biomarker for underlying Alzheimer pathology thus refining the classification of this PPA variant.
Business Process Management Journal Promotion and evolution of sustainability performance measurement systems from a perspective of business process management: From a literature review to a pentagonal proposal

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to create a conceptual proposal that considers the relevant aspects to guide the promotion and evolution of corporate sustainability performance measurement systems (SPMSs) from a perspective of business process management. Design/methodology/approach – This study is divided into two phases. The first phase is a literature review with the study question was, “ Which aspects need to be considered for promoting and evolving SPMS with a focus on business processes? ” The second phase involved comparing these approaches and presenting a conceptual proposal with the relevant aspects for promoting and evolving a corporate SPMS. Findings – In the literature review, the following aspects were considered relevant to promoting sustainability: strategy, integration, stakeholders, evolution over time and business processes. The conceptual proposal found each aspect relevant and complementary presented consideration for each, forming one SPMS pentagon. Research limitations/implications – The comparison between the approaches is conceptual. Practical implications – This study can help organizations address the evolution of their measurement systems systemically. Originality/value – The summaries of the main considerations and evaluation issues provide starting points for organizations, researchers and students involved in sustainability-related matters. The discussion presented here can help organizations identify the strengths and weaknesses of their measurement systems and provide a basis for the promotion and implementation of improvements.
COVID-19 In Shang Hai: It is Worth Learning from the Successful Experience in 2 Preventing and Controlling the Overseas Epidemic Situation 3

5 Background 6 COVID-19 first appeared in Wuhan, Hubei Province, China in late December 2019 and spread rapidly in China. Currently, the spread of local epidemics has been 7 basically blocked. The import of overseas epidemics has become the main form of growth in China ’s new epidemic. As an important international transportation 8 hub in China, Shanghai is one of the regions with the highest risk of imported cases abroad. Due to imported of overseas cases are affected by the international 9 epidemic trend. The traditional infectious disease model is difficult to accurately predict the cumulative trend of cumulative cases in the Shanghai areas. It is also 10 difficult to accurately evaluate the effectiveness of the international traffic blockade. In this situation, this study takes Shanghai as an example to propose a new type of infectious disease prediction model. The model first uses the sparse graph model to analyze the international epidemic spread network to find countries and regions related to Shanghai. Next, multiple regression models were used to fit the existing COVID-19 growth data in Shanghai. Finally, the model predicts the growth curve of the COVID-19 epidemic in Shanghai without an international traffic blockade. In this study, by constructing a sparse graph network model, 30 countries and regions related to Shanghai's overseas epidemic input were obtained, such as the United States. Moreover, the three regression models in this paper have obtained a good fitting effect. Finally, using data from 30 countries and regions related to Shanghai from April 4 to April 19 for a 15-day short-term forecast and comparing with real data, the results show that Shanghai’s international traffic blockade is effective and necessary. This research show that the control measures taken by Shanghai are very effective. At present, more and more countries and regions will face the current situation in Shanghai. We recommend that other countries and regions learn from Shanghai ’s successful experience in preventing overseas imports in order to fully prepare for epidemic prevention and control
Research on Data Enhancement Method for Complex Pavement

: In the era of intelligent vehicle development, environmental awareness technology as the basis of vehicle decision-making and route planning, affected by the weather, accurate road image recognition is particularly important. Aiming at this problem, this paper constructs a large scale pavement image dataset and proposes an improved image generation method based on CycleGAN data enhancement. The core innovation of the method is the improvement of the model structure, introduce Wassertein distance, and implement global Lipschitz constraint with spectral constraint. The experimental results demonstrate that the accuracy of the data set is up to 91.85%, which is 6.41% higher than the original CycleGAN, and the convergence speed is faster.
Relationship Between Obesity and Cognitive Functions of Individuals Aged 65 Years and Above Living in a Residential Home

Objectives: Cognitive functions are one of the crucial factors affecting the quality of life of the elderly and are affected by factors like age, gender, socio-economic level, and comorbidity. Some studies indicate that obesity can also affect them. This study aims to demonstrate the relationship between cognitive functions and obesity. Methods: A questionnaire including the participants’ socio-demographic characteristics, past obesity history and also Standardized Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE), neuropsychological tests evaluating memory, attention, and executive functions (Stroop Test, Three words-Three Shapes Test, Digit Span Test), were applied to 315 elderly living in Narlidere Residential and Nursing Home. Besides weight, height, and waist circumference of the participants were measured. Results: According to the assessments performed with MMSE and neuropsychological tests, 107 elderly were classified as cognitive impairment and 208 were as cognitively normal. Sociodemographic characteristics of the elderly were similar except for age, as the mean age of cognitive impairment (79.49±7.06) was higher than cognitively normal (76.25±7.38) and it was significant (p<0.001). Past obesity history was significantly higher in the cognitive impairment (p<0.001). There was also a statistically significant relation between cognitive impairment, aging (age 85≥ yearsoddss ratio [OR], 3.95; %95 confidence interval [CI] 1.52-10.26) and obesity history ([OR], 9.15; %95 [CI], 5.25-15.93) in logistic regression model. Conclusion: It is important to indicate the risk factors of dementia. Family physicians evaluating obese patients should take action for the maintenance of cognitive functions and healthy aging.