Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
CONDITIONALLY EXTERNALLY BAYESIAN POOLING OPERATORS IN CHAIN GRAPHS

We address the multivariate version of French's group decision problem where the m members of a group, who are jointly responsible for the decisions they should make, wish to combine their beliefs about the possible values of n random variables into the group consensus probability distribution. We shall assume the group has agreed on the structure of associations of variables in a problem, as might be represented by a commonly agreed partially complete chain graph (PCG) we define in the paper. However, the members diverge about the actual conditional probability distributions for the variables in the common PCG. The combination algorithm we suggest they adopt is one which demands, at least on learning information which is common to the members and which preserves the originally agreed PCG structure, that the pools of conditional distributions associated with the PCG are externally Bayesian (EB). We propose a characterization for such conditionally EB (CEB) poolings which is more general and flexible than the characterization proposed by Genest, McConway and Schervish. In particular, such a generalization allows the weights attributed to the joint probability assessments of different individuals in the pool to differ across the distinct components of each joint density. We show that the group's commitment to being CEB on chain elements can be accomplished by the group being EB on the whole PCG when the group also agrees to perform the conditional poolings in an ordering compatible with evidence propagation in the graph.
Enhancement of dielectronic recombination by plasma electric microfields

A description is presented of an application of techniques from Stark-broadening theory considered by Griem (1974) to the computation of dielectronic recombination rated for multiply charged Fe ions under the influence of plasma electric microfields. Attention is given to a dielectronic recombination process for which the effects of surrounding charged particles have been found to be important at surprisingly low densities.
Combination of VSLAM and a Magnetic Fingerprint Map to Improve Accuracy of Indoor Positioning

With the continual advancement of positioning technology, people′s use of mobile devices has increased substantially. The global navigation satellite system (GNSS) has improved outdoor positioning performance. However, it cannot effectively locate indoor users owing to signal masking effects. Common indoor positioning technologies include radio frequencies, image visions, and pedestrian dead reckoning. However, the advantages and disadvantages of each technology prevent a single indoor positioning technology from solving problems related to various environmental factors. In this study, a hybrid method was proposed to improve the accuracy of indoor positioning by combining visual simultaneous localization and mapping (VSLAM) with a magnetic fingerprint map. A smartphone was used as an experimental device, and a built-in camera and magnetic sensor were used to collect data on the characteristics of the indoor environment and to determine the effect of the magnetic field on the building structure. First, through the use of a preestablished indoor magnetic fingerprint map, the initial position was obtained using the weighted k-nearest neighbor matching method. Subsequently, combined with the VSLAM, the Oriented FAST and Rotated BRIEF (ORB) feature was used to calculate the indoor coordinates of a user. Finally, the optimal user’s position was determined by employing loose coupling and coordinate constraints from a magnetic fingerprint map. The findings indicated that the indoor positioning accuracy could reach 0.5 to 0.7 m and that different brands and models of mobile devices could achieve the same accuracy.
Compact radio cores in three Seyfert galaxies - High resolution studies of Mkn 3, Mkn 231, and Mkn 463

The small-scale morphologies of Mkn 231 and Mkn 463 have been investigated using the European VLBI Network (EVN) at 1.6 GHz and the VLA at 15 and 22 GHz. Mkn 3 has been studied using the EVN at 1.4 and 1.6 GHz. All of the galaxies have a substantial fraction of their core radio flux in linear or elongated structures, typically tens of parsecs in extent. Agreement between the parsec- and kiloparsec-scale position angles of continuum radio emission suggests collimated outflow from the galaxy centers that continues over several orders of magnitude in scale. Supernova rates of order one hundred per year on scales of tens of parsecs are required to explain the nuclear radio emission as the result of bursts of star formation. The luminosities, small extents, and linear morphologies of the radio sources all support the idea that the nuclear radio sources are energized by active galactic nuclei and therefore support the more general picture of Seyfert galaxy nuclei being low-luminosity quasars. All of the galaxies appear to have undergone violent interactions in the recent past. 55 references.
Image Stereo Matching Based on Multi-Scale Plane Set

The disparity map of dynamic programming method is poor. To overcome it, a stereo matching method based on multi-scale plane set is proposed in this paper. This method converts the structural model into the plane set. Define the key plane. Then the key planes are in a high-scale. The other planes are in the low scale. Stereo matching the multi-scale plane set using dynamic programming method. The experimental results show that: this method can solve the dynamic programming algorithm`s problem that disparity map has low matching accuracy and a lot of stripes error.
Three-dimensional equilibrium reconstruction on the DIII-D device

The presence of toroidal variation in diagnostic measurements indicates that the two-dimensional (2D) symmetry of tokamak equilibria can be violated when resonant magnetic perturbations (RMPs) are applied to suppress edge localized modes. While tokamak control is still possible with a 2D model, questions arise regarding the applicability of 2D equilibria when performing detailed analysis. In particular, questions regarding edge physics would benefit from equilibrium calculations which are consistent with measurements indicating toroidal variations. The ability to fit three-dimensional (3D) equilibria to diagnostic measurements has long been a challenge for stellarators, non-axisymmetric devices with an inherently 3D field structure. The STELLOPT code provides a solution to such a challenge by fitting 3D VMEC equilibria to magnetic, Thomson, motional Stark effect (MSE) and charge-exchange diagnostics. The plasma of the DIII-D tokamak with applied n = 3 RMP is reconstructed with STELLOPT (shot number 142603). The reconstruction is governed by fit to magnetic diagnostics, measured vacuum coil currents, Thomson scattering, charge-exchange spectroscopy and MSE polarimetry. The reconstructed equilibria possess features where pressure gradients become vanishingly small at low-order rationals. Such features can be associated with the applied RMP spectrum, indicating mode penetration for this shot. Boundary displacements on the order of 0.5 cm peak-to-peak were present. This suggests that while the 3D effect was small relative to the plasma minor radius, resonant mode penetration occurred, indicating the ability of 3D reconstructions to resolve small key features in the plasma.
Design of Random Binary Sequence Generator using the Chaotic Map

The discretized saw-tooth map with the 16-bit finite precision which is one of the 1-dimensional chaotic maps is designed, and the circuit of chaotic binary sequence generator using the discretized saw-tooth map is presented also in this brief. The real implementation of designed chaotic map is accomplished by connecting the input and output lines exactly according to the simplified Boolean functions of output variables obtained from truth table which is discretized. The random binary output sequences generated by mLFSR generator were used for the inputs of descretized saw-tooth map, and, by the descretized map, chaotic binary sequence which has more long period of 16 times minimally is generated as a results.
An isentropic three-hourly data assimilation system using ACARS aircraft observations

Abstract A 3-h intermittent data assimilation system (Mesoscale Analysis and Prediction System—MAPS) configured in isentropic coordinates was developed and implemented in real-time operation. The major components of the system are data ingest, objective quality control of the observation, objective analysis, and a primitive equation forecast model, all using isentropic coordinates to take advantage of the improved resolution near frontal zones and greater spatial coherence of data that this coordinate system provides. Each 3-h forecast becomes the background for the subsequent analysis; in this manner, a four-dimensional set of observations can be assimilated. The primary asynoptic data source used in current real-time operation of this system is air-craft data, most of it automated. Data from wind profilers, surface observations, and radiosondes are also included in MAPS. Statistics were collected over the last half of 1989 and into 1990 to study the performance of MAPS and compare it with that of the Re.
Improvement to AIC as Estimator of Kullback–Leibler Information for Linear Model Selection

Abstract Risk improvements of the Akaike information criterion, AIC, in linear models are obtained as estimators of Kullback–Leibler information. This improvement is considered as the small sample theory without the assumption that the true value of the parameter vector is contained in the subspace of the parameter space specifying the model selected. These improvements, AIC ri s (say), are, in respect of their risks and mean squared loss, proved to be better than AICs. Further, in a simulation study it is shown that as compared with AICs, AIC ri s are more sensitive to select the model designated by Kullback–Leibler information with a smaller dimension than the “true” one.
Transfinite diameter, Chebyshev constants, and capacities in C-n

The famous result of geometric complex analysis, due to Fekete and Szego, states that the transfinite diameter d(K), characterizing the asymptotic size of K, the Chebyshev constant tau(K), characterizing the minimal uniform deviation of a monic polynomial on K and the capacity c(K), describing the asymptotic behavior of the Green function g(K)(z) at infinity, coincide. In this paper we give a survey of results on multidimensional notions of transfinite diameter, Chebyshev constants and capacities, related to these classical results and initiated by Leja's definition of transfinite diameter of a compact set K subset of C-n and the author's paper [Mat. Sb. 25 (1975)], where a multidimensional analog of the Fekete equality d(K) = tau(K) was first considered for any compact set in C-n. Using some general approach, we introduce an alternative definition of transfinite diameter and show its coincidence with Fekete Leja's transfinite diameter. In conclusion we discuss an application of the results of the author's paper mentioned above to the asymptotics of the leading coefficients of orthogonal polynomial bases in Hilbert spaces related to a given pluriregular polynomially convex compact set in C-n.
Domain of attraction and guaranteed cost control for non-linear quadratic systems. Part 1. Analysis

This is the first study of a two-part work devoted to the stability analysis and guaranteed cost control of the class of non-linear quadratic systems. For a given polytopic region in the state space, a sufficient condition is proposed to check whether an assigned region belongs to the domain of attraction of the zero equilibrium point. It is also shown that this problem is intimately related to the convergence and the computation of quadratic cost functions. Thanks to the main result of the study, both issues are casted in terms of feasibility problems involving linear matrix inequalities. A meaningful application example, involving the development of optimal strategies for integrated pest management, is illustrated at the end of this study.
von Kármán-Howarth equation for magnetohydrodynamics and its consequences on third-order longitudinal structure and correlation functions

A derivation in variable dimension of the scaling laws for mixed third-order longitudinal structure and correlation functions for incompressible magnetized flows is given for arbitrary correlation between the velocity and magnetic field with full isotropy, homogeneity, and incompressibility assumed. When close to equipartition between kinetic and magnetic energy, the scaling relations involve only structure functions in a manner similar to the ``$\frac{4}{5}$ law'' of Kolmogorov.
Reinforcement Learning Control with Deep Deterministic Policy Gradient Algorithm for Multivariable pH Process

The pH treatment unit is widely used in various processes, such as wastewater treatment, pharmaceutical manufacturing, and fermentation. It is essential to get the on-specifications product. Thus, controlling pH is key management for accomplishing the manufacturing objective. However, the highly nonlinear pH characteristics of acid–base titration make pH regulation difficult. Applications of artificial intelligence for process control have progressed and gained popularity recently. The development of reinforcement learning (RL) control with a deep deterministic policy gradient (DDPG) algorithm to handle coupled pH and liquid level control in a continuous stirred tank reactor with a strong acid–base reaction is presented in this study. To validate the RL model, the reward functions are created individually for the level and pH controls. The grid search technique is deployed to optimize the hyperparameters of the RL controller models, including the number of nodes in the hidden layers and the number of episodes. The control performance of the proposed RL control system was compared with that of the proportional-integral controller in a servo-regulatory test. The simulation results show that the proposed RL controllers outperform the proportional-integral controllers in approaching setpoints faster, with better performance and less oscillation.
Near Real-Time Volumetric Estimates Using Unmanned Aerial Platforms Equipped with Depth and Tracking Sensors

Volume estimation of specific objects via close-range remote sensing is a complex task requiring expensive hardware and/or significant computational burden, often discouraging users potentially interested in the technology. This paper presents an innovative system for cost-effective near real-time volume estimation based on a custom platform equipped with depth and tracking cameras. Its performance has been tested in different application-oriented scenarios and compared against measurements and state-of-the-art photogrammetry. The comparison showed that the developed architecture is able to provide estimates fully comparable with the benchmark, resulting in a quick, reliable and cost-effective solution to the problem of volumetric estimates within the functioning range of the exploited sensors.
Inhibition of mutant RAS-RAF 1 interaction by mimicking structural 2 and dynamic properties of 3 phosphorylated RAS 4

Undruggability of RAS proteins has necessitated alternative strategies for the develop- 19 ment of effective inhibitors. In this respect, phosphorylation has recently come into prominence as 20 this reversible post-translational modiﬁcation attenuates sensitivity of RAS towards RAF. As such, 21 in this study, we set out to unveil the impact of phosphorylation on dynamics of HRAS WT and aim to 22 invoke similar behavior in HRAS G12D mutant by means of small therapeutic molecules. To this end, 23 we performed molecular dynamics (MD) simulations using phosphorylated HRAS and showed that 24 phosphorylation of Y32 distorted Switch I, hence the RAS/RAF interface. Consequently, we targeted 25 Switch I in HRAS G12D by means of approved therapeutic molecules and showed that the ligands en- 26 abled detachment of Switch I from the nucleotide-binding pocket. Moreover, we demonstrated 27 that displacement of Switch I from the nucleotide-binding pocket was energetically more favor- 28 able in the presence of the ligand. Importantly, we veriﬁed computational ﬁndings in vitro where 29 HRAS G12D /RAF interaction was prevented by the ligand in HEK293T cells that expressed HRAS G12D 30 mutant protein. Therefore, these ﬁndings suggest that targeting Switch I, hence making Y32 ac- 31 cessible might open up new avenues in future drug discovery strategies that target mutant RAS 32 proteins
Intelligent Variable Selection for Branch & Bound Methods

Combinatorial optimisation (Wolsey and Nemhauser [22]) is applied to a wide variety of real-world problems like job scheduling, capacity planning and supply-chain management. These problems are usually modelled as Mixed Integer Programming (MIP) Problems and solved using the Branch and Bound (B&B) (Land and Doig [12]) paradigm. Branch and Bound method partitions the solution space (branching) by creating constrained sub-problems (bounding) and explores those subsets of the solution space which are highly likely to produce optimal solutions. The efficiency of the Branch and Bound method in finding optimal solutions is heavily influenced by the variable and node selection heuristics used for branching (Linderoth and Savelsbergh [13]). In this paper, we propose a novel deep reinforcement learning based variable selection strategy. The proposed solution shows significant improvement over traditional branching strategies like Strong Branching (SB) (Applegate et al. [3]), which have been traditionally used for variable selection and also outperforms the current state of the art RL-based branching strategies which use PPO (Schulman et al. [20]) and DQN (Hessel et al. [11]). The results of our experiments show that the proposed solution performs consistently better than the traditional and RL-based strategies across two different NP-hard problems.
Sensorless force control with a Disturbance Observer for a compliant manipulator

Force or torque control can be implemented using a dedicated force or torque sensor that measures the actual interaction of a manipulator with its environment. Although this approach can be very successful and reliable there can be various reasons to avoid the extra sensor such as costs, implementation issues or control bandwidth limitations. These considerations have stimulated research on sensorless control where basically the interaction forces are estimated from known driving forces or torques [3]. Needles to point out that the dynamic behaviour of the manipulator needs to be known sufﬁciently accurately to be able to establish the dynamic relation between drives and interaction with the environment. Compliant manipulators may then offer advantages. In these manipulators elastic deformations of ﬂex-ible elements in so-called ﬂexure joints enable motion which low amount of friction and hysteresis [2]. Moreover, no contributions from Coulomb friction or other hard to predict effects are expected which should result in very deterministic system dynamics. This paper addresses the feasibility of a known force control concept [3] for such a compliant manipulator. For this purpose the two degree-of-freedom (DOF) manipulator shown in Figure 1 is considered. This system is driven by two base mounted actuators. Seven links are connected to each other, to the base and to the end-effector with eleven ﬂexure joints such that the end-effector only moves in two translational directions denoted x and y [1]. The dynamic behaviour of this system is dominated by the inertia properties of the links and the ﬁnite compliances of the ﬂexure joints. In addition wires connected to moving parts of the actuators and sensors give rise to damping
Inverse mirror plasma experimental device (IMPED) – a magnetized linear plasma device for wave studies

In a quasineutral plasma, electrons undergo collective oscillations, known as plasma oscillations, when perturbed locally. The oscillations propagate due to finite temperature effects. However, the wave can lose the phase coherence between constituting oscillators in an inhomogeneous plasma (phase mixing) because of the dependence of plasma oscillation frequency on plasma density. The longitudinal electric field associated with the wave may be used to accelerate electrons to high energies by exciting large amplitude wave. However when the maximum amplitude of the wave is reached that plasma can sustain, the wave breaks. The phenomena of wave breaking and phase mixing have applications in plasma heating and particle acceleration. For detailed experimental investigation of these phenomena a new device, inverse mirror plasma experimental device (IMPED), has been designed and fabricated. The detailed considerations taken before designing the device, so that different aspects of these phenomena can be studied in a controlled manner, are described. Specifications of different components of the IMPED machine and their flexibility aspects in upgrading, if necessary, are discussed. Initial results meeting the prerequisite condition of the plasma for such study, such as a quiescent, collisionless and uniform plasma, are presented. The machine produces δnnoise/n ⩽ 1%, Luniform ~ 120 cm at argon filling pressure of ~10−4 mbar and axial magnetic field of B = 1090 G.
WISE Causal Models: Wisdom Infused Semantics Enhanced Causal Models - A Study in Suicidality Diagnosis

The COVID-19 Pandemic has highlighted the gap between the number of mental 1 health care seekers and care providers. Netizens have taken to internet-based 2 platforms such as Reddit to express their experiences. Mental illness diagnosis 3 processes have clinically accepted causal interpretations and semantics. Curiously, 4 mental illness diagnosis accuracy is low relative to similar well-studied illnesses. 5 Motivated by this discrepancy, we propose Wisdom Infused Semantics Enhanced 6 (WISE) causal models, inspired by the wisdom of the crowd idea that learns from 7 a collective agreement among causal models and their semantics for mental illness 8 diagnoses. We use suicidality diagnosis task descriptions, datasets
More than One Century of History for Photocatalysis, from Past, Present and Future Perspectives

In this review, we analyzed the history and the past and present trends in photocatalysis research, trying to outline possible scenarios for the future in the medium term. The in-depth analysis of the literature reported here—from a mere bibliometric point of view—allowed us to divide the history of photocatalysis into four different periods characterized by different maturity of the topic and different bibliometric features. The turn of the 20th century saw an explosion in scientific production, which is still continuing now and has reached more than 15,000 papers published each year. Research interest is still growing significantly, and the analysis of different keywords suggests that such growth is substantial and not merely due to “publish or perish” behavior. The analysis of the most-investigated topics in the field of photocatalysis highlighted that, during its history, the focus of the research moved from inorganic oxides to carbon and hybrid materials. Concomitantly, the investigation of the “geography” of photocatalysis allowed us to underline its evolution over the years, with the repositioning of its center of mass from the Atlantic Ocean (USA and Europe) to Asia (China and India). Photocatalysis is active as never before but still awaiting major breakthroughs, which would allow a much broader technological and commercial output. Without such breakthroughs in this decade, the growth in scientific interest could level out or even decrease.