Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
EFFECTS OF COOL-SEASON AGRONOMIC FORAGES ON WHITE-TAILED DEER

An axiom of wildlife management is that game is a secondary product of other land uses and that intensive management, especially supplemental feeding, has been considered unjustifiable. This philosophy has recently been challenged based on perceived future demand for hunting opportunities and the fees hunters are willing to pay (Ozoga and Verme 1982). Ozoga and Verme (1982) demonstrated that supplementally fed, free-ranging white-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus) were larger and more productive than unfed deer; the cost was $82.69/deer per year. Winter pastures and food plots of winter wheat (Triticum aestivum), common rye (Secale cereale), Italian ryegrass (Lolium multiflorum), common oats (Avena sativa), or clovers (Trifolium spp.) are planted in the southern United States for cattle grazing and to attract deer, but the effects of these agronomic forages on deer populations are relatively unstudied. Sowell et al. (1985) demonstrated that mule deer (0. hemionus) in the Texas Panhandle used substantial amounts of wheat and rye when available (5% and 27% of diets in fall and winter, respectively) and that these forages improved the quality of deer diets in winter when compared to diets of deer from areas where no forage crops were available. Nutritional quality of native forages in southern upland forests is low during winter (Goodrum and Reid 1962, Blair et al. 1979) compared to levels of total digestible nutrients, phosphorus, and crude protein required for maximum body growth of fawn and yearling deer (French et al. 1956, Magruder et al. 1957, McEwen et al. 1957). Body weights of deer killed in upland pine (Pinus spp.) forests averaged less than those of deer captured in Louisiana upland forests and maintained yearlong on high quality feed (14.9% crude protein) in deer pens (38.2 vs. 68.4 kg for yearling bucks) (Short et al. 1969). A priori information suggests that cool-season food plots could improve dietary quality and growth of white-tailed deer if forages eaten are higher in quality than native forages and sufficiently used by free-ranging deer. Our hypothesis was that use of winter food plots by deer would improve diet quality on mixed hardwood-pine range in Louisiana. Specifically, our experiments were designed to compare preference of deer between subterranean clover (Trifolium subterraneum) and
Broadband circularly polarised stacked antenna with sequential‐phase feed technique

A broadband circularly polarised (CP) stacked antenna with a sequential-phase feed technique is proposed in this study. The antenna contains a square ring that is encircled by four driven patches. The gap-coupled feed method is used to transfer energy from the square ring to the driven patches. Moreover, four stacked patches are placed above the bottom layer to enhance the impedance and CP bandwidths. The measured results yield an impedance bandwidth of 33.6% (4.78-6.71 GHz) and a wide 3 dB axial ratio bandwidth of 19.4% (4.90-5.95 GHz) is obtained. The average gain is ~9 dBi and the variation of gain is <;1 dB within the CP bandwidth.
Optimizing Converted-Wave Prestack Time Migration

Summary This paper reviews some technical issues, such as velocity and anisotropy parametrization, anti-aliasing, random noise attenuation and data regularization in converted wave (P-S) prestack time migration. We introduce a processing flow for common-offset-vector based prestack migration which handles the aforementioned issues appropriately and optimizes the imaging and velocity updating processes.
DELIVERY OF METRONIDAZOLE FROM PURIFIED NIGERIAN SHEABUTTER IN COMPARISON TO STANDARD AND MODIFIED OINTMENT BASES

The drug delivery propensities of 1 %w/w metronidazole (MTZ) ointment formulations in purified Nigerian sheabutter base have been compared to those of similar formulations produced with standard or modified bases, with a view to determining bases capable of ensuring rapid release of MTZ from ointment formulations intended for topical treatment of rosaceae. Ten bases, having four different combined characteristics, were studied. MTZ ointment samples were prepared in each base by levigation technique. Drug release rates were determined by an in vitro dialysis method using the Erweka dissolution apparatus at pH 5, and 37°C in 180-min tests; and the dissolution samples quantified by UV analysis. The release pattern of MTZ from the bases was: hydrophilic hydrous bases > hydrophilic anhydrous bases > hydrophobic (hydrous or anhydrous) bases. The
EFFECTS OF LEAD AND SIMULATED ACID RAIN ON CHLOROPHYLL CONTENTS OF SELECTED TROPICAL MOSSES. Makinde, A.M.* and Akande, F. I. **

2 Sampling commenced a day after application of each solution at a rate of 1.0 ml per cm of moss coverage. Chlorophylls a and b contents of moss samples were analysed weekly using standard methods. The levels of acid and lead concentration used did not have negative effect on chlorophyll contents in the three mosses. Low chlorophyll a/b ratio was observed in Octoblepharum albidum. However, high accumulation of chlorophyll in O albidum may be due primarily to the presence of chlorocysts (tissue with abundant chlorophylls). However, lead and lead acid interaction treatments enhanced accumulation of the chlorophylls a,b as well as chlorophyll a/b ratios better than the control in all the three mosses. The study concluded that the selected mosses can be bio accumulators of this heavy metal it is not all levels of heavy metals.
Physiological responses of pea (Pisum sativum cv. Meteor) to irrigation salinity

The effects of irrigation water or soil salinity on physiological aspects of pea (Pisum sativum cv.Meteor) plants were contrived. Ten weeks old pea plants were treated with NaCl at 0, 40, 90 and 140 mM in nutrient solution. Plants were grown in controlled environment and harvested at each 3 days interval for decisiveness of physiological parameters. Photosynthetic rate, relative water content, stomatal conductance and chlorophyll contents reduced by increasing the NaCl concentration while CO2 concentration and free proline content intensified. By experiment it was adumbrated that high salinity level along with prolonged accentuate duration is more drastic to pea plants physiology. Results also exhibited that pea plants could indulge 40 and 90 mM NaCl but are sensitive to 140 mM.
Bose-Einstein Condensation in Dilute Gases

1. Introduction 2. The non-interacting Bose gas 3. Atomic properties 4. Trapping and cooling of atoms 5. Interactions between atoms 6. Theory of the condensed state 7. Dynamics of the condensate 8. Microscopic theory of the Bose gas 9. Rotating condensates 10. Superfluidity 11. Trapped clouds at non-zero temperature 12. Mixtures and spinor condensates 13. Interference and correlations 14. Fermions Appendix. Fundamental constants Index.
NBER WORKING PAPER SERIES EDUCATION AND THE PREVALENCE OF PAIN

Many Americans report chronic and disabling pain, even in the absence of identifiable clinical disorders. We first examine the prevalence of pain in the older U.S. population using the Health and Retirement Study (HRS). Among 50-59 year females, for example, pain rates ranged from 26 percent for college graduates to 55 percent for those without a high school degree. Occupation, industry, and marital status attenuated but did not erase these educational gradients. Second, we used a study of patients with lower back pain and sciatica arising from intervertebral disk herniation (IDH). Initially, nearly all patients reported considerable pain and discomfort, with a sizeable fraction undergoing surgery for their IDH. However, baseline severity measures and surgical or medical treatment explained little of the variation in 10-year outcomes. By contrast, education exerted a strong impact on changes over time in pain: just 9 percent of college graduates report leg or back pain "always" or "almost always" after 10 years, compared to 34 percent for people without a high school degree. This close association of education with pain is consistent with recent research emphasizing the importance of neurological – and perhaps economic -factors in the perception of pain. Steven J. Atlas General Medicine Division Massachusetts General Hospital 50 Staniford Street Boston MA 02114 satlas@partners.org Jonathan S. Skinner Department of Economics 6106 Rockefeller Hall Dartmouth College Hanover, NH 03755 and NBER jonathan.skinner@dartmouth.edu
Various Turf Covers for Kentucky bluegrass Growth and Spring Green-up

Winter turfgrass injury is one of the critical problems of many golf courses in Korea. Turfgrass loss from freezing injury due to low temperature leads to many types of damages including weed invasion, increased herbicide cost, increased soil erosion, and expensive re-establishment. Although Kentucky bluegrass (Poa pratensis L.) which is the most widely used among cool-season grasses in Korea is well known as cold tolerance species, freezing injuries to Kentucky bluegrass during winter are often found. Protecting the turfgrass crown is necessary to recover from low temperature stress in winter because shoots and roots can be recovered from the crown. Turf covers may protect the crowns from direct low temperatures and desiccation. Six different turf covers were installed to cover Kentucky bluegrass during a period of low temperatures. Turf covers had positive effects for spring green-up of Kentucky bluegrass based on the study. Applying any type of turf covers on Kentucky bluegrass resulted in an increase average and minimum temperature compared to the uncovered plot. Among turf covers, clear PVC film without holes produced the longest root length and the highest turfgrass quality.
Edinburgh Research Explorer Industry cost of equity capital

This paper explores the industry cost of equity capital for the UK. We replicate the Fama and French (1997) US analysis for UK industries, but additionally investigate the industry cost of equity capital obtained from a conditional CAPM, the Cahart (1997) four factor model, and the Al-Horani, Pope and Stark (2003) R&D model. In line with the Fama-French US results, the out of sample performance of all the models is disappointing Whilst the FF3F model has a somewhat higher explanatory power than the CAPM in terms of explaining past returns, the SMB and HML factor slopes show considerable variability through time. However, all our models of the cost of equity capital in the UK outperform a simple “beta one” model, a result that has implications for the regulatory process. There is also some evidence to suggest that a conditional CAPM may be of interest to regulators. The new R&D model of Al-Horani et al clearly has potential, in that over the limited period for which data is available it yields return errors not dissimilar to those found under the FF3F model, but exhibits slope coefficients on the fourth R&D factor that seem to be relatively stable.
Seasonal and geographic variability in rainstorm parameter distributions

Seasonal and spatial patterns of storm structure (storm duration, storm intensity, interarrival times, and correlation between these descriptors) are analyzed for the continental United States. The probabilistic distributional aspects of these precipitation characteristics are investigated, and furthermore related to climatic regimes and precipitation formation mechanisms. Fifteen years of hourly precipitation records, collected at 174 rain gauge stations across the forty-eight contiguous states, are first separated into independent events using two different methods. The first method assumes the occurrence of storm events is characterized by a Poisson process, and that the minimum time between independent storm events is exponentially distributed with a coefficient of variation equal to one. The population of rainless periods between storm events may be described by a mixed probability distribution. The second method utilizes the idea that a plot of the log of the cumulative probability of rainless periods versus time, has a linear dependence for those periods greater than or equal to the minimum time between storms. After the identification of independent storm events, the distributional aspects of storm intensity, duration and depth are investigated. Storm duration and intensity, which are commonly assumed to be exponentially distributed do not exhibit the characteristics of exponential distribution. The shape parameter of the gamma distribution, used to describe storm depth, exhibits remarkable consistency in its value across both space and time. The correlation between storm intensity and storm duration varies with both season and geography. Thesis Supervisor: Dara Entekhabi Title: Assistant Professor
Flow Over Fluvial Bedforms

The presence of bedforms (ripples or dunes) in fluvial flows creates complex flow fields, altering local velocities, flow resistance and sediment transport. The characteristics of these flows have previously been studied with the use of fixed beds, due to the difficulties in measuring over naturally variable and mobile beds, and interpreting the results of such measurements. This thesis presents the results of an investigation into flows over naturally-mobile fluvial bedforms in laboratory flumes, with the results interpreted in the context of the doubleaveraging framework. To measure flows over developing beds (from planar sand beds to a bedform configuration in equilibrium with the flow), a novel ‘flying-probe’ system was devised and used, with acoustic Doppler velocimeter (ADV) and depth-sounding probes mounted on a carriage that regularly traversed lengths of multiple bedforms. To measure flows over equilibriumconfiguration beds, the arrays of probes were held stationary above migrating bedforms, sampling throughout the passage of multiple bedforms. Measurements of velocity fields over fixed two-dimensional dune beds were used to confirm the validity of the flying-probe measurement strategy and to explore data analysis techniques such as double averaging. The results obtained provide a dataset for comparison with previous studies of flow over fixed bedforms and with the subsequent measurements of flow over mobile-bed bedforms. In flows over the fixed bed, spatial fields of turbulent kinetic energy, velocity skewness, velocity kurtosis, and Reynolds stress all reveal a region of heightened turbulence along the shear layer and wake zone in the lee of the dunes, in line with existing literature. Double-averaged vertical profiles of these characteristics show similar patterns to previous research over planar beds. The normalised, averaged flow field is shown to be similar for the present flows of different relative bed roughness.
Social Distance

Visual information, especially delivered through movies, is believed to have an influence on destination image and consumer behavior. Based on the theory that knowledge about an object might cause feelings toward the object, visual information through movies can be assumed to affect not only destination image but also social distance between groups and, thus, to affect tourist behavior regarding the destination. With a quasi-experimental design, this study investigates if there is a relationship between visual information from movies and consumer-behavior variables, including destination image, destination desirability, visit intention, and social distance, taking Turkey as a case in point and a promotional movie as the stimuli. Results provide partial support for potential impact of movies on the consumer-behavior variables included in this study. Implications and future research suggestions are provided.
Evaluation of simulator of missing weather data (SMWD) required in simulation of agro hydrological modeling n the catchment and basin level: case of the PARCHED- THIRST and Marksim Model

Problem of availability of quality and quantity of weather data in running most of agro hydrological models, numerous simulators of missing climate data have been produced as component of comprehensive model or as a stand alone model. The rainwater harvesting simulation PARCHED-THIRST (PT) model has an inbuilt module capable of simulating missing climatic data (PTSMCD) within the existing data series of the same site using the statistical properties of the other data at the same site or from other climatically similar site. MarkSim is an example of standalone simulators, with capability of simulating spatial data given site location and altitude. The results presented in this paper provide an evaluation of the performance on the two simulators of missing climate data for three stations namely, Same, Mwanga and Morogoro representing three different growing season. This was achieved by comparing observed and simulated by both models, daily, and derivatives of daily data (annual rainfall, long term mean monthly rainfall, monthly number of rainy days and long term standard deviation of monthly rainfall). The results shows that PTSMCD can not reproduce the daily rainfall records of a particular year with low R2 ranged from 0.01 to 0.04. The same problem was observed for total annual rainfall, D-Index ranged from 0.24 to 0.44 and 0.37 to 0.50 for PTSMCD and MarkSim, respectively. PTSMCD produced much better results on number of rainy days and long term mean monthly rainfall(R ranges from 0.98 ­ 99 for both), while for MarkSim (R ranged 0.75 to 0.80 for number of rainy days and from 0.64 to 0.91 for long-term mean monthly rainfall). In PTSMCD had a good performance than MarkSim. It was also found that the Minimum data required to run the PTSMCD is between 10 to 15 years of historical data. Keywords; agro hydrological modeling, rainfall, simulator of missing climate data, semi arid areas
The Application of Hierarchical Seismic Attribute Combination to High Precision Infill Well Planning in the South Tapti Field, Offshore Western India

Summary There was an urgent requirement in south Tapti field to get two in-fill wells in the shallow reservoir zones known as zone I and zone-II to maintain the falling production. Zone II has got three sands (II-A, II-B, and II-C) that are not resolved on seismic at many reservoir locations and hence manual mapping of seismic amplitudes was not effective. The key element of this study was to quickly delineate and map the zone II sands to help identify the in-fill locations. This was successfully achieved by adopting a methodology that involves identification and optimization of relevant seismic attributes and their hierarchy. Hierarchy itself is dependent on the stratigraphy of the target zone which, in this case is known to be fluvial distributary channels and tidal bars on a coastal plain. The selected/identified attributes were ranked and studied in three groups of hierarchical order- First, Second and Third order attributes First order attributes: were utilised to delineate the gross sand geometries of whole of zone II and comprised Total energy, Arc length, and Coherence; Second order attributes: helped to further segregate the sand geometries of zone II into sub-zones. Chosen attributes were Half time energy and Zero-crossings; Third order attributes: were then utilised to identify the reservoir scale features including connectivity and spatial distribution of the sands in the target zones. They were identified as Time Slices and Total negative amplitudes. The methodology was then applied in the South Tapti Field to identify two infill well locations which enable several stacked reservoir sands to be penetrated at each well location.
Support Vector Machines for Classification

In many real-life situations we want to be able to assign an object to one of several categories based on some of its characteristics. For example, based on the results of several medical tests we want to be able to say whether a patient has a particular disease or should be recommended a specific treatment. In computer science such situations are described as classification problems. A binary (two-class) classification problem can be described as follows: given a set of labeled points (xi, yi), i = 1, l, where xi ∈ < d are vectors of features and yi ∈ {−1,+1} are class labels, construct a rule that correctly assigns a new point x to one of the classes. The vectors xi in this formulation correspond to objects, and the dimensions of the space are the features or characteristics of these objects. For example, a vector may represent a person, with individual features corresponding to the measurements given by some medical tests — blood pressure, cholesterol level, white cell count and so on. Using labels {0, . ,K − 1} instead of {−1,+1} we can describe a multiclass problem with K classes. A classification method or algorithm is a particular way of constructing a rule, also called a classifier, from the labeled data and applying it to the new data. Support Vector Machines (SVM) recently became one of the most popular classification methods. They have been used in a wide variety of applications such as text classification [8], facial expression recognition [9], gene analysis[6] and many others. Support Vector Machines can be thought of as a method for constructing a special kind of rule, called a linear classifier, in a way that produces classifiers with theoretical guarantees of good predictive performance (the quality of classification on unseen data). The theoretical foundation of this method is given by statistical learning theory [15].
Journal of Anesthesia and Surgery

Importance: There is a growing interest in enabling ways for patients to participate in their own care to improve perioperative safety, but little is known about the effectiveness of interventions enhancing an active patient role. Objective: To evaluate the effect of patient participation on perioperative safety. Evidence review: We conducted a systematic review by searching the Cochrane, PubMed and EMBASE databases without a time limit for publications on the effect of patient-related interventions on perioperative safety. We included randomized controlled trials, quasi-experimental studies and cohort studies. The included studies were analyzed for type of intervention, safety outcomes, effects and quality. Results: Thirteen studies were included: eight RCT’s, four cohort studies and one quasi-experimental study. All studies concerned a preoperative structured educational intervention on postoperative self-management activities of patients, such as everyday movements, coughing, getting out of bed or exercising. Safety outcomes were complications, in-hospital falls and mortality. Results from eleven studies indicate positive effects of such patient-related interventions
Inflation rate of the Colli Albani volcanic complex retrieved by the permanent scatterers SAR interferometry technique

We analyzed 99 ERS SAR images of the Colli Albani volcano using the Permanent Scatterers technique. We retrieved the average surface displacement velocities for over 100,000 scatterers for the period 1993–2000, showing that present deformation is concentrated in the area of most recent volcanic activity, with rates up to 2.6 mm/yr in the satellite line of sight. We inverted the observed deformation using several analytical solutions for volcanic sources in an elastic half space. The best fit is obtained with two Mogi sources aligned in a N‐S direction at 5 and 7 km depth beneath the western flank of the volcano.