Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Copula-Based Research on the Multi-Objective Competition Mechanism in Cascade Reservoirs Optimal Operation

Water resources systems are often characterized by multiple objectives. Typically, there is no single optimal solution which can simultaneously satisfy all the objectives but rather a set of technologically efficient non-inferior or Pareto optimal solutions exists. Another point regarding multi-objective optimization is that interdependence and contradictions are common among one or more objectives. Therefore, understanding the competition mechanism of the multiple objectives plays a significant role in achieving an optimal solution. This study examines cascade reservoirs in the Heihe River Basin of China, with a focus on exploring the multi-objective competition mechanism among irrigation water shortage, ecological water shortage and the power generation of cascade hydropower stations. Our results can be summarized as follows: (1) the three-dimensional and two-dimensional spatial distributions of a Pareto set reveal that these three objectives, that is, irrigation water shortage, ecological water shortage and power generation of cascade hydropower stations cannot reach the theoretical optimal solution at the same time, implying the existence of mutual restrictions; (2) to avoid subjectivity in choosing limited representative solutions from the Pareto set, the long series of non-inferior solutions are adopted to study the competition mechanism. The premise of sufficient optimization suggests a macro-rule of ‘one falls and another rises,’ that is, when one objective value is inferior, the other two objectives show stronger and superior correlation; (3) the joint copula function of two variables is firstly employed to explore the multi-objective competition mechanism in this study. It is found that the competition between power generation and the other objectives is minimal. Furthermore, the recommended annual average water shortage are 1492 × 104 m3 for irrigation and 4951 × 104 m3 for ecological, respectively. This study is expected to provide a foundation for selective preference of a Pareto set and insights for other multi-objective research.
SPECIES OF PREDATORY MITES ( ARACHNIDA , ACARI ) ASSOCIATED WITH THE PLANT TANACETUM VULGARE ( L . ) ( ASTERALES , ASTERACEAE ) IN THE NORTH-EAST OF ROMANIA

In the current catalogues of Arthropods associated with the plant Tanacetum vulgare appears until now only a phytophagous species of mites, Eriophyes tuberculata (Nal.) (Acari, Eriophyidae), found on this plant in Romania, as well. In this study it is analyzed the fauna of mites collected on plants in growth, beside that obtained through the growth of hibernant stems of T. vulgare. These species were multiplied in the Schmitz tubes from the eggs laid on the stems of T. vulgare in the previous autumn. There were identified 19 species of Acari, of which 6 phyto-saprophagous species and 13 predatory species. These species were multiplied in the Schmitz tubes from the eggs laid on the stems of T. vulgare in the previous autumn. From a faunistic point of view, among predatory taxa, the folowing are recorded for the first time in Romanian fauna: Bdellodes longirostris (Herm.) and Bdella sp. (Fam. Bdellidae), Fam. Anystidae and Anystis sp. ; Cunaxa sp. (Fam. Cunaxidae); Eupodes sp. (Fam. Eupodidae). Beside these taxa, were identified Androlaelaps casalis Berl. and Hypoaspis sp. (Fam. Laelapidae), Euseius sp. (Fam. Phytoseiidae), Leptus sp. (Fam. Erythraeidae) and Allothrombium fuliginosum (Fam. Trombidiidae). Relations with T. vulgare of these taxa are reported for the first time within arthropod fauna associated with this plant, itself with economic and ecological importance.
LMP1 structure and signal transduction.

The oncogenic Epstein-Barr virus (EBV)-encoded latent membrane protein 1 (LMP1) has structural features and functions reminiscent of a constitutively active TNF family receptor. LMP1 aggregates at the plasma membrane and initiates the activation of signalling pathways, such as NF- kappa B, the mitogen-activated protein kinases JNK and p38, the small GTPase Cdc42 and the JAK/STAT cascade. The constitutive engagement of these signals and the characteristic molecular interactions that regulate them provide the basis for the molecular explanation of the transforming properties of this key EBV protein.
Phosphatidylcholine Homeostasis and Liver Failure*

In mammals, the only endogenous pathway for choline biosynthesis is the methylation of phosphatidylethanolamine to phosphatidylcholine (PC) by phosphatidylethanolamine N-methyltransferase (PEMT) coupled to PC degradation. Complete choline deprivation in mice by feeding Pemt-/- mice a choline-deficient (CD) diet decreases hepatic PC by 50% and is lethal within 5 days. PC secretion into bile is mediated by a PC-specific flippase, multiple drug-resistant protein 2 (MDR2). Here, we report that mice that lack both PEMT and MDR2 and are fed a CD diet survive for >90 days. Unexpectedly, the amount of PC also decreases by 50% in the livers of Mdr2-/-/Pemt-/- mice. The Mdr2-/-/Pemt-/- mice adapt to the severe choline deprivation via choline recycling by induction of phospholipase A2, choline kinase, and CTP:phosphocholine cytidylyltransferase activities and by a strikingly decreased expression of choline oxidase. The ability of Mdr2-/-/Pemt-/- mice to survive complete choline deprivation suggests that acute lethality in CD-Pemt-/- mice results from rapid depletion of hepatic PC via biliary secretion.
Food Price interventions and the Distribution of Body Mass Index . Evidence from France

Are individual di¤erences in body mass index (BMI) related to di¤erences in food prices? French food expenditures data are used to examine the relationship between the prices of 23 food product categories covering food-at-home consumption and the distribution of BMI in a sample of French adults. Using quantile regressions, we nd signi cant negative correlations for the prices of fats, dairies, and sugar and sweets, and positive but less robust correlations for the prices of fruits and vegetables in brine. We simulate the impact of a taxation policy that would increase the price of the former, and decrease the price of the latter. In the estimation sample, a 10% price variation would reduce obesity by 5 percentage points, and overweight by 2 percentage points. Corresponding author : Fabrice Etilé, etile@ivry.inra. fr. We are grateful to Olivier Allais, Sébastien Lecocq and seminar participants at the 2005 EAAE Congress (Copenhaguen), INRA-IDEI (Toulouse) and GAEL (Grenoble) for helpful comments and suggestions on an earlier version of this paper.
Series WP-1404 The Role of Immigrant Children in Their Parents ’ Assimilation in the U . S . , 1850 – 2010

The presence of children in immigrant households can influence the assimilation of their parents, through either human capital transfers from children to parents (parents learning from their children) or the assistance children can provide in navigating economic life in the destination country (parents leaning on their children). Kuziemko and Ferrie examine the relationship between the presence of children in U.S. immigrant households and the human capital acquisition of their immigrant parents from 1850 to 2010. They first show that immigrants who arrived in the Great Migration of the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries were substantially less likely to arrive with children than more recent immigrants. They then show that assimilation appears slower for more recent cohorts than for those that arrived during the Great Migration, though in both eras cohort quality declines over time. Finally, the authors show that the immigrant children of the earlier immigrants were associated with more assimilation (less “leaning” and more “learning”) than were the children of more recent immigrants.
Overexpression of insulin receptor substrate‐1 and hepatitis Bx genes causes premalignant alterations in the liver

Activation of the insulin (IN)/insulin receptor substrate‐1 (IRS‐1)/mitogen‐associated protein kinase (MAPK) and the Wnt/β‐catenin signaling cascades occurs frequently in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) associated with persistent viral infection. The aims of this study were to provide a chronic proliferative stimulus through IRS‐1 in the context of hepatitis Bx (HBx) protein expression in transgenic mice and determine if constitutive expression of these genes is sufficient to cause hepatocyte dysplasia and cellular transformation. We generated transgenic mice in which the HBx (ATX), IRS‐1, or both (ATX+/IRS‐1) genes were expressed under a liver‐specific promoter. We also assessed histology and oxidative damage as well as up‐regulation of molecules related to these signal transduction cascades in the liver by quantitative reverse‐transcriptase polymerase chain reaction. Whereas mice with a single transgene (ATX or IRS‐1) did not develop tumors, ATX+/IRS‐1+ double transgenic livers had increased frequency of hepatocellular dysplasia and developed HCC. All three transgenic lines had significantly increased insulin growth factor 1 (IGF‐1), Wnt 1 and Wnt 3 mRNA levels, and evidence of DNA damage and oxidative stress. The ATX+/IRS+ double transgenic mice were distinguished by having the highest level of activation of Wnt 3 and Frizzled 7 and selectively increased expression of IGF‐II, proliferating cell nuclear antigen, and aspartyl‐(asparaginyl)‐β‐hydroxylase, a gene associated with increased cell migration. Conclusion: These results suggest that continued expression of the ATX or IRS‐1 transgenes can contribute to hepatocyte transformation but are not sufficient to trigger neoplastic changes in the liver. However, dual expression that activates both the IN/IRS‐1/MAPK and Wnt/β‐catenin cascades is sufficient to cause dysplasia and HCC in a previously normal liver. (HEPATOLOGY 2009;49:1935‐1943.)
Assessment of Beat‐by‐Beat Control of Heart Rate by the Autonomic Nervous System: Molecular Biology Techniques Are Necessary, But Not Sufficient

Neural Control of Heart Rate. Vagus nerve activity can change heart rate substantially within one cardiac cycle, and the chronotropic effects decay almost completely within one cardiac cycle after cessation of vagal activity. The ability of the vagus nerves to regulate heart rate beat by beat can be explained in large part by the speed at which the neural signal is transduced to a cardiac response and by the rapidity of the processes that restore the basal heart rate when vagal activity ceases. Currently, the question of whether the cardiac tells can transduce the sympathetic neural signals rapidly enough to implement beatwise regulation is controversial. Emphasis on the speed of the processes that initiate the responses may, however, be misplaced. Instead, the processes that terminate the responses to autonomic neural activity (especially those processes that remove the released neurotransmitters) are probably the main determinants of the ability of the vagal and sympathetic systems to affect beatwise control. The norepinephrine (NE) released from the sympathetic nerve endings is removed from the cardiac tissues much more slowly than is the acetylcholine that is released from the vagal terminals. As a consequence of the potential deleterious effects associated with the slow removal of NE, the cardiac neural control system has evolved such that the sympathetic nerves ordinarily release NE at a slow rate. Hence, changes in sympathetic neural activity can alter cardiac behavior only slightly from beat to beat. Hence, beatwise control of cardiac function would be negligible, regardless of how swiftly the sympathetic nerve impulse is transduced t o a change in cardiac‐performance.
Reinforcement Learning for Optimized DNN Compilation

Compiler optimizations play a crucial role in maximizing the performance of a program on a target platform. However, many compiler optimization problems are NP-complete or even undecidable, resulting in long optimization times. This issue becomes particularly worse while optimizing deep learning models where it might even take days to optimize a single model. Such long optimization time comes from the need to explore an immense design space of possible configurations and efficient search is crucial to minimizing optimization time. Therefore, in order to improve compiler optimization times, it is crucial to develop an efficient search algorithm. We use reinforcement learning as our search method to effectively maneuver the design space. Furthermore, we also develop an adaptive sampling algorithm that reduces the number of real hardware measurements during the optimization. We compare our algorithm with state-of-the-art compilation framework, and the results show that our algorithm accelerates the optimization time by 1.89×while showing head-to-head performance of the output code.
BSE and the US Economy: Input-Output Model Perspective

The potential impact of a BSE outbreak on the US economy is modeled in input-output setting using 2002 US IMPLAN data. An outbreak of BSE would hurt the US beef industry, other agriculturally-related industry, and the rest of the economy as a whole. The worse effects occur in the beef cattle and farming industries. Generally, the economy of every county would be hurt given the fact that cattle are produced in all the 50 states. But it is apparent that the damage would be substantial in those regions and households which already suffer the severest economic damage.
New concepts in cyclosporine monitoring.

PURPOSE OF REVIEW Inadequate cyclosporine exposure is a key risk factor for acute rejection, and may contribute to the development of chronic rejection and graft failure. Pre-dose monitoring does not accurately measure drug exposure because of extensive inter- and intra-patient variability in cyclosporine absorption and metabolism. Limited sampling, using individual timed specimens, offers a new, simple and accurate alternative for clinical monitoring of cyclosporine. RECENT FINDINGS The area under the first 4 h of the concentration-time curve (AUC ) and the single-point concentration at 2 h post-dose (C2) are key measures of cyclosporine exposure. De novo studies show that achieving an AUC value of more than 4400 microg.h/l or a C2 level of 1500-2000 microg/l during the first 5 days post-transplant minimizes the risk of rejection and improves graft function. Maintenance studies suggest that reducing the C2 level to approximately 800 microg/l after 3-6 months may improve the serum creatinine level, blood pressure, general well-being and reduce adverse effects. SUMMARY Single-point C2 monitoring can be implemented quickly and simply with appropriate site and patient training. The timing of phlebotomy is more critical, but immunoassay bias is lower with 2 h post-dose than with trough level measures. Single-point C2 monitoring may be effective in liver and heart replacement, but initial target levels for liver transplantation are lower because cyclosporine is transported directly to the liver via the portal system. C2 monitoring is now being widely adopted as an accurate and practical measure of drug exposure, and can be combined with pharmacodynamic methods to optimize immunosuppression.
THE IMPORTANCE OF HIGH-SENSITIVITY C-REACTIVE PROTEIN ( HS-CRP ) FOR DIAGNOSIS IN PERIPHERAL VASCULER DISEASE

It’s known that elevated levels of high sensivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP) is related with systemic inflammation. It’s also determined that the elevated levels of hs-CRP should be a marker of myocardial infarction (MI), stroke and peripheral vascular disease (PVD). This study includes 75 PVD patients admitted to Istanbul University, Istanbul Faculty of Medicine, Department of General Surgery, Peripheral Vascular Surgery Unit. The aim of the study is to determine the role of hs-CRP with or without lipid levels in determining the risk of PVD. The average levels of hs-CRP was found significantly higher in patients group than the control group (p<0.0001). The levels of total cholesterol and HDL-cholesterol was found lower in patients group (p<0.001, p<0.008). No corelation was determined between levels of hs-CRP and lipid levels. (Turkish J Vasc Surg 2005;14(1):25-28).
The diagnostic value of cytokeratins and carcinoembryonic antigen immunostaining in differentiating hepatocellular carcinomas from intrahepatic cholangiocarcinomas.

AIM To study the differences between the hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and peripheral type of cholangiocarcinoma (CHC) using cytokeratin (CK) and carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) expressions and assessing their accuracy on paraffin sections in the differential diagnosis. MATERIAL AND METHOD The following antibodies were analyzed: AB1 complex (anti CK9-CK20), AB2 complex (anti CK1-CK8), pCEA, and the monoclonal antibodies against cytokeratins CK7, CK8/18, CK17 and CK19. In the mmunohistochemical studies, 15 selected surgically resected liver tumors, 10 HCCs and 5 CHCs, with well established diagnosis (by morphological criteria) were included. Other markers, such as AFP si CA 19-9, were not available. RESULTS No CHC, but 50% of HCCs were positive for CEA, presenting a canalicular staining pattern. For CK 7, all but one (which was focally positive), meaning 80% of CHCs were diffusely positive, whereas only two HCCs were positive. For CK 19, 80% of CHCs were diffusely positive, while all but two HCCs (a moderately and a poorly differentiated tumor) were negative. For CK 8/18, 70% of HCCs were diffusely positive, whereas only 20% of CHCs were positive. For CK 17, 60% of CHCs were positive, while all HCCs were negative. 80% of CHCs were positive for AB1 anti-CKs complex, whereas only 50% of HCCs were positive, and relating to AB2 anti-CKs complex, 50% of HCCs were diffusely positive and only 20% of CHCs. CONCLUSION The immunohistochemical expression of CKs and CEA might be considered helpful in addition to other diagnostic criteria for the differential diagnosis of primary carcinomas of the liver, especially in difficult cases.
Anew frontier in biodiversity inventory : a proposal for estimators of phylogenetic and functional diversity

estimators of phylogenetic and functional diversity PedroCardoso*, Franc! ois Rigal, PauloA. V. Borges and Jos! e C. Carvalho FinnishMuseumof Natural History, University of Helsinki, POBox 17 (Pohjoinen Rautatiekatu 13), 00014Helsinki, Finland; Azorean Biodiversity Group (CITA-A) and Portuguese Platform for Enhancing Ecological Research &Sustainability (PEERS), University of the Azores, 9700-042 Angra doHero! ısmo, Portugal; and CBMA –Molecular and Environmental Centre, Department of Biology, University ofMinho, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal
ff ects of the Loss on Ignition of Fly Ash on the Properties of High-Volume Fly Ash Concrete

This study presents the experimental results of fresh and hardened properties of concrete incorporating high-volume fly ash (HVFA). Two kinds of low-calcium fly ash with loss on ignition (LOI) of 5% and 8% were used as replacement for cement and/or fine aggregate of 0% (control), 20%, 40%, 50%, 60% and 80% by weight of the total cementitious materials. The properties of fresh concrete tested included the slump, air content, unit weight and setting time; those of hardened concrete determined included compressive strength, modulus of elasticity, flexural strength and drying shrinkage. Test results indicate that the concretes made with high-LOI (8%) fly ash can be successfully produced for structural concrete, which contains fly ash of up to 60% of the total cementitious materials. The high-LOI fly ash-concretes with higher replacement levels presented longer setting times. However, although both the fresh and hardened properties of high LOI fly ash concretes were inferior to those of the low-LOI (5%) fly ash concretes, the high modulus of elasticity, the adequate strength development characteristics both at early and later ages (up to 365 days) and the low dry shrinkage were observed when compared to those of the control concrete with a comparable 28-day compressive strength of 30 MPa.
Identification of the Second Membrane-type Matrix Metalloproteinase (MT-MMP-2) Gene from a Human Placenta cDNA Library

Membrane-type matrix metalloproteinase (MT-MMP), which we have identified recently, is unique in its transmembrane (TM) domain at the C terminus and mediates activation of pro-gelatinase A on the cell surface (Sato, H., Takino, T., Okada, Y., Cao, J., Shinagawa, A., Yamamoto, E., and Seiki, M. (1994) Nature 370, 61-65; [Medline] Takino, T. , Sato, H. , Yamamoto, E. , and Seiki, M. (1995) Gene (Amst.) 115, 293-298). In addition to MT-MMP, a novel MMP-related cDNA of 2.1 kilobases was isolated from a human placenta cDNA library. The cDNA contains an open reading frame for a new MMP. The deduced protein composed of 604 amino acids was closely related to MT-MMP in the amino acid sequence (66% homology at the catalytic domains) and has a potential TM domain at the C terminus. Monoclonal antibodies raised against the synthetic peptide recognized a 64-kDa protein as the major product in the transfected cells. TIMP-1 fused with the potential TM domain was localized on the cell surface while native TIMP-1 is in the culture medium. Thus, we called the second membrane-type MMP, MT-MMP-2 and renamed MT-MMP, MT-MMP-1. MT-MMP-1 and −2 are thought to form a distinct membrane-type subclass in the MMP family since all the others are secreted as soluble forms. Like MT-MMP-1, expression of MT-MMP-2 induced processing of pro-gelatinase A (68-kDa in gelatin zymography) into the activated form of 62-kDa fragments through a 64-kDa intermediate form. Expression of MT-MMP-2 mRNA was at the highest levels in the brain where MT-MMP-1 was at the lowest level compared to other tissues. MT-MMP-1 and −2 are thought to be utilized for extracellular matrix turnover on the surface of cells under different genetic controls.
Multilayered media Green's functions in integral equation formulations

A compact representation is given of the electric- and magnetic-type dyadic Green's functions for plane-stratified, multilayered, uniaxial media based on the transmission-line network analog along the aids normal to the stratification. Furthermore, mixed-potential integral equations are derived within the framework of this transmission-line formalism for arbitrarily shaped, conducting or penetrable objects embedded in the multilayered medium. The development emphasizes laterally unbounded environments, but an extension to the case of a medium enclosed by a rectangular shield is also included.