Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Minimum cost opportunistic routing with intra-session network coding

Opportunistic routing with intra-session network coding (NCOR) is a promising communication paradigm in wireless multi-hop networks with lossy links. Unlike traditional routing protocols, which use a single path to route traffic between node pairs, NCOR broadcasts data packets to a set of forwarding candidates. Each candidate combines the overheard packets to generate linearly independent packets, which are then forwarded to the destination. The focus of this paper is on the fundamental problem of how to select the candidate forwarder set (CFS) and how to allocate traffic among candidate forwarders to achieve optimal routing. In current literature, CFS selection and traffic allocation have typically been addressed separately. In this paper, we take an integrated approach and propose a minimum cost NCOR model, MIC-NCOR, which addresses the two aspects of the problem jointly. Based on the optimal substructure of MIC-NCOR, we derive a provable algorithm that can be implemented in a distributed fashion, to compute both the optimal CFS and traffic portion for each candidate. An extensive simulation study indicates that MIC-NCOR accurately predicts the quality of NCOR routes. The simulation results also show that the MIC-NCOR algorithm achieves significant throughput improvement over existing NCOR routing schemes, especially in networks with low NCOR cost and high node density.
Antiapoptotic effect both in vivo and in vitro of A20 gene when transfected into rat hippocampal neurons

AbstractAim:To evaluate the antiapoptotic effect of the A20 gene in primary hippocampal neurons both in vivo and in vitro.Methods:Primary hippocampal neurons in embryonic day 18 (E18) rats were transfected with the A20 gene by using the new Nucleofector electroporation transfection method. We then examined, whether A20 -neurons possessed anti-apoptotic abilities after TNF-α stimulation in vitro. A20-neurons and pcDNA3 -neurons were transplanted into the penumbra of the brains of rats that had been subjected to 90-min of ischemia induced by left middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO). Results:A20-neurons resisted TNF-α induced apoptosis in vitro. The apoptosis rate of neurons overexpressing A20 (28.46%±3.87%) was lower than that in neurons transfected with pcDNA3 (53.06%±5.36%). More A20-neurons survived in the penumbra both 3-d and 7-d after transplantation than did sham pcDNA3 neurons.Conclusion:The novel function of A20 may make it a potential targets for the gene therapy for neurological diseases.
Regulated expression of an actin‐associated protein, synaptopodin, during long‐term potentiation

We report NMDA receptor‐dependent expression of synaptopodin mRNA in the dentate granule cells of the hippocampus following induction of long‐term potentiation (LTP) in vivo. Synaptopodin did not belong to immediate‐early genes, as de novo protein synthesis was required for the induction of synaptopodin gene transcription. An increased level of synaptopodin mRNA was observed at 75 min and 3.5 h after the onset of LTP. Importantly, there was correlation between the induction of mRNA expression and the persistence of LTP. Synaptopodin immunoreactivity was elevated specifically in synaptic layers, middle and outer molecular layers of dentate gyrus where LTP was induced. As synaptopodin is an actin‐associated protein present in spine neck and implicated in the modulation of cell morphology, our results suggest that synaptopodin, by regulating the dynamics of the actin cytoskeleton, contributes to the morphological change in spine shape considered to be important for the maintenance of synaptic plasticity.
Hesperidin Prevents Retinal and Plasma Abnormalities in Streptozotocin-Induced Diabetic Rats

Diabetic retinopathy is a complex disease that potentially involves increased production of advanced glycosylation end products (AGEs) and elevated aldose reductase (AR) activity, which are related with oxidative stress and inflammation. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of hesperidin on retinal and plasma abnormalities in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats. Hesperidin (100, 200 mg/kg daily) was given to diabetic rats for 12 weeks. The blood-retina breakdown (BRB) was determined after 2 weeks of treatment followed by the measurement of related physiological parameters with ELISA kits and immunohistochemistry staining at the end of the study. Elevated AR activity and blood glucose, increased retinal levels of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), ICAM-1, TNF-α, IL-1β and AGEs as well as reduced retina thickness were observed in diabetic rats. Hesperidin treatment signiﬁcantly suppressed BRB breakdown and increased retina thickness, reduced blood glucose, AR activity and retinal TNF-α, ICAM-1, VEGF, IL-1β and AGEs levels. Furthermore, treatment with hesperidin signiﬁcantly reduced plasma malondialdehyde (MDA) levels and increased SOD activity in diabetic rats. These data demonstrated that hesperidin attenuates retina and plasma abnormalities via anti-angiogenic, anti-inflammatory and antioxidative effects, as well as the inhibitory effect on polyol pathway and AGEs accumulation.
European Social Policy: Between Fragmentation and Integration

As the European Union grows and matures, its movement toward a single market has been the primary focus of attention. However, other policy areas have been greatly affected by the process of European integration. This volume deals with the development of social policy in the EU. The authors examine the substance of particular policies, such as industrial relations, immigration, agriculture, and gender equality. They emphasize the distinctive nature and dynamics of integrating policy in a " multi-tiered" system--one in which individual member states share policymaking responsibilities with central authorities. They also compare social policymaking in the EU with that in Canada and the United States, two other multi-tiered, or federal, systems. The contributors are Jeffrey J. Anderson, Brown University; Keith G. Banting, Queen's University; Patrick R. Ireland, University of Denver; Jane Lewis, London School of Economics; Ilona Ostner, Gttingen University; Martin Rhodes, University of Manchester; Elmar Rieger, University of Mannheim; George Ross, Brandeis University; Wolfgang Streeck, University of Wisconsin, Madison; and Margaret Weir, Brookings.
Accelerating language development through picture book reading: A systematic extension to Mexican day care.

Previous research demonstrates linguistic advances in middle-class 2-year-olds in the United States resulting from training parents to read with their children following a particular style. This style, called dialogic reading, encourages children to talk about picture books and gives them models and feedback for progressively more sophisticated language use. This research extends these procedures to a day-care setting using 20 Mexican 2-year-olds from low-income backgrounds. Children in the intervention group were read to individually by a teacher using dialogic reading techniques. The control group children were given individual arts and crafts instruction by the same teacher
Attachment and Alienation: Complementary Aspects of the Work of Durkheim and Simmel

Simmel and Durkheim represent two sides of the study of social relations: the latter moves in almost a single line of specific and continuous inquiries; Simmel applies a constant concern with the mutual dependence of contrary elements to a huge range of phenomena. His many analyses are carried forward by a tragic theory of culture. Durkheim, by contrast, attends to the solemn forms of the serious life. Neither sustains a persistent concern with political phenomena. From their work emerges a view of social arrangements as involving coherence, differentiation, involvement, and alienation. Durkheim can serve as directs model for further work. Simmel cannot be directly continued, but the reminds us of what there is to see.
The Theory of the Leisure Class

'Conspicuous consumption of valuable goods is a means of reputability to the gentleman of leisure. ' In The Theory of the Leisure Class Thorstein Veblen sets out 'to discuss the place and value of the leisure class as an economic factor in modern life'. In so doing he produced a landmark study of affluent American society that exposes, with brilliant ruthlessness, the habits of production and waste that link invidious business tactics and barbaric social behaviour. Veblen's analysis of the evolutionary process sees greed as the overriding motive in the modern economy; with an impartial gaze he examines the human cost paid when social institutions exploit the consumption of unessential goods for the sake of personal profit. Fashion, beauty, animals, sports, the home, the clergy, scholars - all are assessed for their true usefulness and found wanting. The targets of Veblen's coruscating satire are as evident today as they were a century ago, and his book still has the power to shock and enlighten. Veblen's uncompromising arguments and the influential literary force of his writing are assessed in Martha Banta's Introduction. ABOUT THE SERIES: For over 100 years Oxford World's Classics has made available the widest range of literature from around the globe. Each affordable volume reflects Oxford's commitment to scholarship, providing the most accurate text plus a wealth of other valuable features, including expert introductions by leading authorities, helpful notes to clarify the text, up-to-date bibliographies for further study, and much more.
Automated feature weighting in naive bayes for high-dimensional data classification

Naive Bayes (NB for short) is one of the popular methods for supervised classification in a knowledge management system. Currently, in many real-world applications, high-dimensional data pose a major challenge to conventional NB classifiers, due to noisy or redundant features and local relevance of these features to classes. In this paper, an automated feature weighting solution is proposed to result in a NB method effective in dealing with high-dimensional data. We first propose a locally weighted probability model, for Bayesian modeling in high-dimensional spaces, to implement a soft feature selection scheme. Then we propose an optimization algorithm to find the weights in linear time complexity, based on the Logitnormal priori distribution and the Maximum a Posteriori principle. Experimental studies show the effectiveness and suitability of the proposed model for high-dimensional data classification.
Seasonal variability of the dynamics of dimethylated sulfur compounds in a coastal northwest Mediterranean site

We studied the seasonal variation of biotic and abiotic processes and the physico‐chemical forcing factors involved in the production and consumption of dimethylsulfide (DMS) and its precursor dimethylsulfoniopropionate (DMSP) at a coastal sampling station in the northwestern Mediterranean. Monthly samplings of surface seawater for an 18‐month period revealed that algal‐associated DMSP and dimethylsulfoxide (DMSO) did not follow total phytoplankton biomass (measured as chlorophyll a [Chl a]). DMSP concentrations peaked 1 or 2 months later than the late winter Chl a bloom, following phytoplankton succession, whereas particulate DMSO was maximal in summer. Both Chl a‐normalized concentrations (DMSP : Chl a and DMSO: Chl a) exhibited a clear seasonality with maxima in summer, which was indicative of concurrent phytoplankton succession and physiological acclimation toward higher dimethylated sulfur‐producing taxa in summer. DMS concentrations also showed clear maxima in mid‐summer and minima in winter, which is anticorrelated with Chl a. Gross DMS production rates were higher in summer, coinciding with higher DMSP‐to‐DMS conversion yields and exceeded microbial DMS consumption in this season. Heterotrophic bacteria and DMSP‐assimilating phytoplankton only accounted for a portion (annual average 52%) of total DMSP transformations, suggesting that phytoplankton DMSP‐lyases, either in stressed cells or upon grazing by herbivores, must play a more important role in DMS production than is generally believed. Calculated photolysis and measured microbial consumption alternated in dominance as DMS sinks over the year, with ventilation to the atmosphere generally being a minor loss process. Under higher solar radiation (from March to September), calculated photolysis followed variations of colored dissolved organic matter, a known DMS photosensitizer.
Double-Stator Air-Core Tubular Permanent Magnet Linear Motor for Vehicle Active Suspension Systems

This paper provides a direct-drive electromagnetic active suspension system which consists of a double- stator air-core tubular permanent magnet linear motor (DATPLM) in parallel with a coil spring. The topology of magnetic pole can be radial-magnetized, axial- magnetized and Halbach-magnetized. The proposed DATPLM can operate in both motor mode and generator mode which allows for bidirectional energy flow. Therefore, the suspension system can simultaneously eliminate the road disturbances and apply active roll and pitch control. Compared with the available slotted topologies, the proposed quasi-Halbach magnetized topology has excellent dynamic response, servo characteristics and very low force ripple.
An Idea of Using Reinforcement Learning in Adaptive Control Systems

This paper concerns the concept of using a Reinforcement Learning approach for PID adaptive auto tuning, which may greatly increase possible application of the controller. The proposed idea can be utilised for off-line and on-line control systems. Though it becomes really powerful in the practical on-line applications, where the environment is unknown and all information is gained only by interactions. In the paper the algorithm based on Q-learning is proposed. The properties of the algorithm are illustrated on a simple examples.
A 70µW/MHz ultra-low voltage microcontroller SPARK

In a battery-powered device, power consumption determines the operation time and weight of the overall system. In this paper, a 10 MHz ultra-low voltage SPARK 32-bit RISC microcontroller is proposed, with low power consumption which prolongs operation time and satisfies low end applications in the meantime. The design is carried out with the TSMC 65 nm LP CMOS process, and post-layout simulation indicates the SPARK microcontroller is capable of operating at 10 MHz, and consuming 0.7 mW from a 0.45 V supply. The overall chip layout area is 920×920 μm2.
Molecular pathogenesis of HIV-associated lymphomas.

The data presented here indicate that the pathogenesis of AIDS-NHL is variably associated with multiple genetic alterations including monoclonal EBV infection, oncogene activation (c-myc, N-, Ki-ras) and tumor suppressor gene (p53) inactivation. Up to three (3 cases) or four (1 case) different lesions have been observed in the same tumor. The distribution of these lesions among the various histotypes is heterogeneous, although some preferential associations have been found either between lesion and histotype or between lesions. The most notable case involves p53 mutations/loss that is exclusively associated with the SNCC lymphoma subtype. Since alterations of the c-myc gene occur at very high frequency in this same histotype it is possible that both lesions may be required for the pathogenesis of the BL phenotype. The consistent negativity of p53 lesions in other NHLs associated or non associated with HIV infection (18) reinforces this hypothesis. Finally, we note that the frequency of p53 mutations is significantly higher in AIDS-BL than in non HIV-related BL (18), although the significancy of this difference remains to be assessed. This study confirms the relatively low frequency of EBV infection in systemic AIDS-NHL in general, but reinforces the notion that EBV may be required for the pathogenesis of AIDS-LC-IBP, as recently suggested by the high frequency of EBV positivity in primary CNS AIDS-NHL which are mostly represented by LC-IBP (2). Conversely, the low frequency of EBV sequences in the AIDS-SNCC lymphomas appears similar to that observed in sBL. Only in a small minority of cases were ras oncogene mutations found, mostly associated with the BL type. (ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Defining Political Corruption

In New South Wales in 1988, after more than 10 years of Labour Party rule, the Liberal±National Party coalition won a majority in the Legislative Assembly following a campaign which stressed the corrupt character of Labour's conduct of political oce. In the ®rst legislative session the new Premier, Nick Greiner, created the Independent Commission Against Corruption (ICAC), designed to prevent a range of corrupt practices, including the exercise of illicit political patronage. A further election in 1991, intended to increase the Government's majority, resulted in a swing to Labour and the election of four independent MPs. The Liberals remained in power, with 49 seats, facing a Labour opposition with 46 seats. One of the four Independents generally supported the Government, allowing Greiner to remain Premier. In October 1991 the other three independent members reached an understanding with the Government. At the same time, a Liberal MP, Tony Metherall (having resigned as a Minister in July following tax oences), resigned from the Party, remaining in Parliament as an independent. In January 1992, the Government's majority was further reduced after a by-election. The Greiner administration, in consequence, could rely on there being 47 votes for the government, and 47 against, with the balance lying with the ®ve Independents of whom two (including Metherall) usually voted with the government. In April 1992, after behind the scenes negotiation with the Greiner administration, Metherall resigned from Parliament. On the same day he was appointed to a well-paid position in the New South Wales public service. Following a public outcry, the ICAC investigated the matter and found that, pursuant to Section 8 of the ICAC act, Greiner and others had acted in a way which involved the partial exercise of ocial functions, and constituted a breach of trust, where this was sucient to give (under section 9c of the Act) reasonable grounds for dismissing a public servant.
Referrals to chaplains: The role of religion and spirituality in healthcare settings

Given the increasing importance of understanding how healthcare workers interact with the principal person designated to meet patients’ spiritual needs— the chaplain— the current study provides an inter-disciplinary perspective of the role of chaplains (and spirituality) in patients’ emotional, physical, and spiritual health. The study surveyed a randomly selected national sample of hospital directors in four disciplines: medicine (n = 278), nursing (n = 230), social services (n = 229), and pastoral care (n = 470). Participants rated the importance of referring patients to chaplains for four different areas: pain/depression, anxiety/anger, treatment issues, and loss/death/meaning. Results revealed significant differences in referral patterns for type of hospital, professional discipline, the hospital's religious affiliation, and self-reported spirituality. Results are discussed in relation to historical views of spirituality and religion within the different disciplines.
Knoesphere: Building Expert Systems With Encyclopedic Knowledge

The Knoesphere project is an attempt to build an expert system that is encyclopedic, in the breadth of coverage of its knowledge base, and in the degree of integration of that knowledge. The primary issue is how to aid users in searching complex bodies of knowledge. Our approach is to frame the system more as a museum than a set of tomes, and to have the user take more or less guided tours of the exhibits therein. The impact of such a system on everyday life - entertainment and, eventually, education -- is clear. We discuss its potential for progress in Al as well: a testbed for representation, speech understanding, natural language understanding and generation, automatic story generation and animation, learning, user modelling, and planning. Having an immensely broad and moderately deep knowledge base, the system may also serve as a useful testbed for exploiting analogy and metaphor as a source of power. The work is in its early stages, hence much of what we present is the design for this system, not finished results. We do calculate the magnitude of the tasks involved in such an ambitious endeavor, and give scenarios of its use.
Virtual machine priority adaption to enforce fairness among cloud users

In recent years fairness problems in data centers have been pointed out and job/Virtual Machine (VM) scheduling has been chosen as a solution approach. Clouds are a special case of data centers, where resources are deployed by VMs in a highly dynamic manner during VM runtime. However, scheduling only allows influencing resource allocations, when VMs are instantiated, i.e., before runtime. Thus, runtime prioritization bears a great potential to manage cloud resources and promote fairness in clouds, especially, when VMs run over long periods. Nevertheless, runtime prioritization is not leveraged accordingly. This paper defines fairness as handicapping VMs of heavy users during runtime to allocate more resources to VMs of light users. Thereby, the need to make assumptions on user's utility functions is avoided, while different fairness notions can be captured by adapting the definition of heaviness. Guidelines for this definition are provided to ensure incentives to configure and utilize VMs adequately. Finally, OpenStack is extended in its implementation by a decentralized fairness service to enforce fairness according to this definition. The fairness service's functionality is certified by experiments in terms of overhead and fairness promotion.
Handling of Tracer Bicarbonate by the Liver: The Relative Impermeability of Hepatocyte Cell Membranes to the Ionic Species

The multiple indicator dilution technique was used to study transfer of labeled HCO3∼ across the hepatocyte membrane in the anesthetized mongrel dog. A bolus of H['4C]O3∼, JICr-labeled erythrocytes, [36CI−] and/or [3H]sucrose, and [3H]OH was injected through a catheter in the portal vein, and timed anaerobic blood samples were obtained from a catheter in the hepatic vein. Experiments were carried out in untreated controls and after intravenous infusion of acetazolamide (100 mg/kg). In the controls, the H[14C]O3 curve was very similar to the [3H]OH curve. The dilution curves were all linear transformations of each other, indicating that HCO3∼, as had previously been shown for the other diffusible tracers, undergoes delayed-wave flow-limited distribution. The distribution space for H[14C]O3∼ in the control situation includes the blood plasma and interstitial spaces, the erythrocyte interior modified by a Donnan equilibrium, and the available liver cellular space. The calculated HCO3∼ concentration in the liver cells was somewhat lower than that in the plasma space; the difference implied a cellular pH lower than that of plasma by approximately 0.08 pH units. When the carbonic anhydrases were inhibited with acetazolamide, the dilution curve for H[HC]O3∼ changed radically, approaching that for [36Cl], which does not enter the liver cells. The change indicates that although HCO3∼, like Cl", is rapidly exchanged between plasma and erythrocytes, it also does not readily penetrate hepatocytes unless previously transformed to carbon dioxide by the carbonic anhydrases.