Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
#qldfloods and @QPSMedia: Crisis Communication on Twitter in the 2011 South East Queensland Floods

Social media sites Twitter and Facebook played a crucial role in disseminating information during the 2011 Queensland floods. That is the key finding of a new report by the ARC Centre of Excellence for Creative Industries and Innovation (CCI). CCI researchers Assoc. Prof. Axel Bruns and Dr. Jean Burgess from Queensland University of Technology (QUT) and Assoc. Prof. Kate Crawford and Frances Shaw from the University of New South Wales focussed especially on the role of Twitter, which was prominently used by the Queensland Police Service during the crisis. “Through their @QPSMedia Twitter account, police staff provided timely updates directly from the Queensland Premier’s situation meetings,” said Professor Bruns. “Many mainstream media picked up on these updates and included them in their own news tickers. ” Dr Burgess added that social media did much more than just improve communication between police and media organisations. “During the week of 10 January 2011, some 15,000 users participated in the #qldfloods hashtag on Twitter, sharing news, advice, photos and videos of the inundation,” she said. Report cover: Crisis communication, Angus Veitch / flickr
Growth of layer-bound normal faults under a regional anisotropic stress field

Abstract Layer-bound normal faults commonly form polygonal faults with fine-grained sediments early in their burial history. When subject to anisotropic stress conditions, these faults will be preferentially oriented. In this study we investigate how faults grow, evolve and interact within regional-scale layer-bound fault systems characterized by parallel faults. The intention is to understand the geometry and growth of faults by applying qualitative and quantitative fault analysis techniques to a 3D seismic reflection dataset from the Levant Basin, an area containing a unique layer-bound normal fault array. This analysis indicates that the faults were affected by mechanical stratigraphy, causing preferential nucleation sites of fault segments, which were later linked. Our interpretation suggests that growth of layer-bound faults at a basin scale generally follows the isolated model, accumulating length proportional to displacement and, when subject to an anisotropic regional stress field, resembling to a great extent classical tectonic normal faults.
Super-resolution by Moveout Correction and Migration of Surface-related Resonant Multiples

Surface-related resonant multiples can be migrated to achieve better resolution than primary reflection data. However, such multiples are only recorded by near-offset traces. As a result, the migration image using resonant multiples suffers from poor signal-to-noise ratio. In this report, I mitigate this problem by aligning the first-order surface-related multiples across different offsets with the zero-offset resonant multiples. Such an alignment is based on the moveout characteristics of the first-order surface-related multiples. Stacking the aligned multiples improves the signal-to-noise ratio of the zero-offset resonant multiples as well as the resulting migration image. Results with both synthetic and field data results validate this method and show migration images with super-resolution characteristics.
Gemmological Characteristics of Black Hornblende Jade

Traditionally,"ink" jade is black nephrite, whose colour is caused by the graphite as its inclusion. A kind of "black jade "is often encountered in market, whose appearance, refractive index and density are almost close to that of the black nephrite. In this article, the "black jade "is studied, and it is found out that the main composition is dark green hornblende, so the jade must not be named "ink" jade but hornblende jade.
Nonlinear State Estimation in a Chemical Reactor Using the Ensemble Kalman Filter

This research work presents a comprehensive comparative analysis between two nonlinear filters based on the equations of the discrete Kalman filter, with the aim of improving state estimation accuracy in nonlinear systems. The first filter employs extended linearization techniques to approach optimal estimation, while the second filter utilizes Monte Carlo methods for approximation. The filter equations are developed based on probabilistic principles, providing an approximation to implement the Bayes filter. The study focuses on a mathematical model that represents a chemical reactor utilized in the production of propylene glycol, a crucial substance in the manufacturing of various products, such as creams and pastes. To evaluate the performance of the employed techniques, visual methods and error metrics are used to determine the precision level of the estimators. Through this analysis, the study demonstrates the successful application of the Ensemble Kalman Filter (EnKF) in accurate state estimation, specifically in the context of the continuous stirred reactor. The promising results obtained from the EnKF’s application in this study highlight its potential for accurate state estimation in nonlinear systems. Future research can focus on exploring and optimizing the EnKF technique for other complex systems and real-world applications.
Short-term load forecasting based on human body amenity indicator and arithmetic of random forests

In recent years, fog and haze are now becoming common in China, which produces unfavorable influence on the production and life of the residents, and further influences the electricity load and its trend. The severe air condition presents a challenge to power system short-term load forecasting. In this paper, air quality is brought into the comfortable degree index, which is used to power system short-term load forecasting during fog and haze occurrence. Basing on existing human body amenity indicator, a new concept of human body amenity considering AQI, temperature, humidity and wind is presented while analytic hierarchy process (AHP) is used to construct the human comfort index model. In short-term load forecasting, the human comfort index instead of various meteorological factors is taken as input, thus improving the precision of the power load forecast. The similar load days needed in power load forecasting are extracted by using the gray correlation analysis method, and based on that, the arithmetic of random forests is adopted in building forecasting model. The effectiveness and validity of proposed model and algorithm are verified by a city's practical load data and weather data of winter in North China area.
Marker vs. Markerless: Usability Insights for Indoor Navigation with Handheld Augmented Reality Systems

Indoor navigation or Indoor Positioning System (IPS) is a positioning system specifically for closed areas. IPS is different from positioning systems used in open areas, such as the Global Positioning System (GPS), because of the various limitations that GPS has. This limitation encouraged research to find alternatives to GPS to implement high-accuracy positioning in closed areas. Several technologies developed to overcome this problem include Wi-Fi, Bluetooth, and Radio. Augmented Reality (AR) opened an opportunity to solve positioning or localization problems in closed areas using visual data. By utilizing computer vision technology, users can readily conduct scans of their immediate surroundings to determine their current location. In this paper, research was conducted on the usability of the localization system used in the navigation system using AR. This study aimed to determine the usability of a visual-based localization system using Quick Response (QR) Codes (marker-based navigation) and Light Distance and Ranging (LIDAR) point cloud utilizing Simultaneous Localization and Mapping (markerless navigation). Both systems were built using Unity and tested directly by users to determine their usability. Usability determination was conducted using the SUS questionnaire distributed to users. Besides usability, we tested both system’s IPS aspects to measure the system performance. The test results show that LIDAR point cloud localization has higher usability than QR Codes.
Spatial Accuracy Assessment in Natural Resources and Environmental Sciences

This international symposium on theory and techniques for assessing the accuracy of spatial data and spatial analyses included more than ninety presentations by representatives from government, academic, and private institutions in over twenty countries throughout the world. To encourage interactions across disciplines, presentations in the general subject areas of spatial statistics, geographic information systems, remote sensing, and multidisciplinary approaches were intermixed throughout the three days of sessions.Individual papers from this publication
Archaeal Phospholipid Biosynthetic Pathway Reconstructed in Escherichia coli

A part of the biosynthetic pathway of archaeal membrane lipids, comprised of 4 archaeal enzymes, was reconstructed in the cells of Escherichia coli. The genes of the enzymes were cloned from a mesophilic methanogen, Methanosarcina acetivorans, and the activity of each enzyme was confirmed using recombinant proteins. In vitro radioassay showed that the 4 enzymes are sufficient to synthesize an intermediate of archaeal membrane lipid biosynthesis, that is, 2,3-di-O-geranylgeranyl-sn-glycerol-1-phosphate, from precursors that can be produced endogenously in E. coli. Introduction of the 4 genes into E. coli resulted in the production of archaeal-type lipids. Detailed liquid chromatography/electron spray ionization-mass spectrometry analyses showed that they are metabolites from the expected intermediate, that is, 2,3-di-O-geranylgeranyl-sn-glycerol and 2,3-di-O-geranylgeranyl-sn-glycerol-1-phosphoglycerol. The metabolic processes, that is, dephosphorylation and glycerol modification, are likely catalyzed by endogenous enzymes of E. coli.
The Miami Model of climatic net primary production of biomass

The Miami Model of climatic net primary production of biomass NPP was introduced by Lieth during a conference in Miami in 1972. It is a simple conceptual model that links npp to longterm annual mean temperature T in ◦C and precipitation sum P in mm. NPP is assumed to increase with both increasing temperature and increasing precipitation. NPP is limited by either temperature or precipitation. Therefore the Miami model estimates NPP as a function of the limiting of both factors. In both cases, however, a saturation value of 3000 gDM/m2/year (DM stands for dry matter) cannot be exceeded. One should keep in mind that the monotonic character of the modeled dependence from temperature and precipitation does not allow for a negative effect of too much rain or too high temperatures. The model equations are
The geology, geochemistry, geochronology and regional setting of the Annieopsquotch Complex and related rocks of southwest Newfoundland

The Annieopsquotch Complex is an ophiolite which forms the Annieopsquotch Mountains of southwest Newfoundland. It contains rocks of the critical zone, gabbro zone (2.3 km thick), sheeted dyke zone (1.5 cm) and pillow lava zone of a typical ophiolite. The zones trend northeast, face and dip southeast at approximately fifty to seventy degrees and are offset by faults. -- Cumulate rocks of the critical zone preserve graded layers, trough structures and slump folds and elsewhere are metamorphosed and deformed. The gabbro zone is heterogeneous and contains many textural varieties of gabbro, pegmatitic pods, layering, trondhjemite pods and amphibolite near the base. It passes through a transition zone to a sheeted dyke zone which extends the full length of the ophiolite. Dykes trend northwest and are aphyric or plagioclase-phyric diabase. The pillow lava zone, besides pillow basalt, contains minor pillow breccia, hyaloclastite and chert. -- Major, trace and rare earth element geochemistry and clinopyroxene chemistry indicate that the suite is most similar to Normal-typ mid-ocean ridge basalt, low Zr contents being the only unusual feature. Trondhjemites have variable chemistry but elevated contents of trace elements consistent with differentiation from this basalt. -- The Annieopsquotch Complex is faulted against an Ordovician tonalite terrane to the northwest across the Lloyds River fault and against the Victoria Lake Group to the southeast. It is cut by dykes and sills correlated with both these units. The ophiolite is cut by two late Ordovician gabbro-diorite intrusions and a granite intrusion of presumed Devonian age and is unconformably overlain by early Silurian terrestrial sedimentary and volcanic rocks. -- Two U-Pb ages for zircon from trondhjemite (477.5, 481.4 Ma) indicate that formation of the Annieopsquotch Complex occurred in Arenigian time. Zircon ages for the Bay of Islands (485.7 Ma) and Betts Cove Complexes (488.6 Ma) show them to be time equivalents, likewise Arenigian, refuting previous interpretations. A survey of ages of other ophiolites suggests that only oceanic crust (s.l.) formed over a limited time range is preserved in the Appalachian-Caledonian Mountain Belt. -- Other ophiolitic fragments, most intruded by or included in the tonalite, are preserved in a belt from Shanadithit Brook to King George IV Lake. Because of lithologic and chemical similarities, they are included in the Annieopsquotch ophiolite belt. Basalts of the Victoria Lake Group also have very similar chemistry suggesting a genetic link. Common orientations of sheeted dykes in the fragments suggest that they may have comprised one allochthon of Iapetus oceanic crust. This allochthon was emplaced over the Ordovician continental margin of North America during the Taconic Orogeny and intruded by tonalitic melts at that time.
The Work " ) : Statistical Detection of LSB Matching in the Presence of Nuisance Parameters COMPLETE LIST OF

In this paper a new methodology for detecting anomaly from few tomography projections is presented. This methodology exploits a statistical model adapted to the content of radiographs together with hypothesis testing theory. The main contributions are the following. First, using a generic model of the tomography acquisition pipeline, the whole nondestructive testing process is entirely automated. Second, by using testing theory the statistical properties of the proposed test are analytically established. This particularly permits the guaranteeing of a prescribed false-alarm probability and allows us to show that the proposed test is almost optimal. Experimental results show the sharpness of the established results and the relevance of the methodology.
DIVISION OF THE HUMANITIES AND SOCIAL SCIENCES

Ordinal variables — categorical variables with a defined order to the categories, but without equal spacing between them — are frequently used in social science applications. Although a good deal of research exists on the proper modeling of ordinal response variables, there is not a clear directive as to how to model ordinal treatment variables. The usual approaches found in the literature for using ordinal treatment variables are either to use fully unconstrained, though additive, ordinal group indicators or to use a numeric predictor constrained to be continuous. Generalized additive models are a useful exception to these assumptions (Beck and Jackman 1998). In contrast to the generalized additive modeling approach, we propose the use of a Bayesian shrinkage estimator to model ordinal treatment variables. The estimator we discuss in this paper allows the model to contain both individual group level indicators and a continuous predictor. In contrast to traditionally used shrinkage models that pull the data toward a common mean, we use a linear model as the basis. Thus, each individual effect can be arbitrary, but the model “shrinks” the estimates toward a linear ordinal framework according to the data. We demonstrate the estimator on two political science examples: the impact of voter identification requirements on turnout (Alvarez, Bailey, and Katz 2007), and the impact of the frequency of religious service attendance on the liberality of abortion attitudes (e.g., Singh and Leahy 1978, Tedrow and Mahoney 1979, Combs and Welch 1982).
DIVISION OF THE HUMANITIES AND SOCIAL SCIENCES CALIFORNIA INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY PASADENA, CALIFORNIA 91125 PRINCIPLES OF NETWORK DEVELOPMENT AND EVOLUTION: AN EXPERIMENTAL STUDY

This paper reports on an experimental investigation of the evolution of networks and the individual decision making processes that guide it. Since there is no history of experimental work on network formation, part of the paper is devoted to the formulation of problems that can be examined experimentally. The results are that networks, composed of decentralized decision makers, are capable of overcoming complex coordination and learning problems and converge to stationary configurations. While stationarity is frequently observed, such an achievement is not guaranteed and when it doesn’t occur significant and persistent inefficiencies can result. The models of equilibration based on the principle of Nash equilibrium are more reliable than models based on the alternative principles of efficiency seeking or focalness of the network configuration. However, individual decision making within networks is not in accordance with the simple decision rule of Nash best response. Instead we observe complicated strategies that appear to trade short term profits in order to signal to, and teach, other agents the strategies required for long term profit maximization. ∗The financial support of the Laboratory of Experimental Economics and Political Science at Caltech is gratefully acknowledged. †Assistant Professor of Managerial Economics and Decision Sciences, MEDS department, Kellogg School of Management, Northwestern University. ‡Professor of Economics and Political Science, Division of the Humanities and Social Sciences, California Institute of Technology.
Journal of Solid Mechanics Vol

In this paper, a numerical solution has been developed for hollow circular cylinders made up of orthotropic material which is subjected to twist using micro polar theory. The effect of twisting moment and material internal length on hollow thick-walled circular cylinder made up of micro polar orthotropic material is investigated. Finite difference method has been used to exhibit the influence of shear moduli and material internal length on shear stresses and couple stresses. It is found that the effect of small characteristic length on shear stresses is negligible and couple stresses present its significance when characteristic length is large in solid particle. The behavior of couple stresses are nonlinear for large internal length while for small internal length couple stresses are linear in nature except near the free boundaries. Torsion in hollow cylinder made up of micro polar orthotropic play vital role in the presence of cracks and holes. Therefore, torsional analysis of hollow cylinder plays important role in the field of biomechanics. © 2018 IAU, Arak Branch. All rights reserved.
Sources of material for the Linxi granitoids,the southern segment of the Da Hinggan Mrs.:when and how continental crust grew?

Sensitive high-resolution ion microprobe(SHRIMP)U-Pb dating and laser-ablation multi-collector ICPMS Hf isotope analyses are conducted on inherited/antecrystal and magmatic zircons from the Linxi granitoids,in the southern segment of the Da Hinggan Mts.of China.SHRIMP dating establishes an Early Cretaceous(135～125Ma)age for most Linxi granitoids and the age of their source rocks at～146Ma.However,some granitoids were intruded in the Early Triassic(241Ma)and the terminal Late Jurassic (146Ma),whilst their respective source rocks were generated at 263Ma and 165Ma.A total of 100 SHRIMP analyses yield ~(206)Pb/~(238)U ages younger than 300Ma,whereas all 175 Hf isotope analyses give high positivee_(Hf)(t)values.These results indicate juvenile source materials in the lower crust with a notable absence of Precambrian basement.At a givene_(Nd)(t),Linxi granitoids exhibit distinctly higher zircone_(Hf)(t)than both the terrestrial array and the Hawaiian basalt array.This Hf-Nd isotopic decoupling suggests a source component of pelagic sediments,i.e.Paleozoic subduction accretion complexes. Zircone_(Hf)(t)values(t=263～165Ma)form a trend sub-parallel to the depleted mantle Hf isotope evolution curve,but those(t=146～125Ma)markedly fall below the latter.The first trend indicates a provenance from essentially the MORBs.However,the abrupte_(Hf)(t)decrease,together with extensive Early Cretaceous magmatism,is interpreted as reflecting mantle upwelling and resultant underplating,and exhumation of subducted oceanic crust.Quantitative simulation shows that Suite 2 granitoids derive from underplated mafic rock,Paleozoic subduction accretion complex,and subducted MORB slices in descending order of mass fractions.However,the Xiaochengzi intrusion(Suite 1)occurring southwest of Linxi derives mainly from Paleozoic subduction accretion complex with a quantity of underplated mafic rocks.Among each of these 5 intrusions,magmatic zircons exhibit systematically decreased ~(176)Hf/~(177)Hf as compared with that of inherited/antecrystal zircons.Growth stages of zircons with t=146～125Ma tend to decrease in ~(176)Hf/~(177)Hf from center to margin,or show systematic variations.The above results suggest that expansion of the melting region and widening of compositional range occurred in the lower crust over the period between incipient source rock melting and the terminal melting episode during production of Linxi granitoids.The magnesian or I-type geochemical characteristics of Suite 1 granitoids is attributed to a source reservoir of relatively oxidized and hydrous oceanic crust.However,a heterogeneous source that consists of relatively reduced,anhydrous underplated tholeiites and hydrous Paleozoic subduction-accretion complex causes geochemical signatures of Suite 2 granitoids that exhibit affinity to A-type granites but range from typical to less pronounced ferroan.
Adakite-like and Normal Arc Magmas: Distinct Fractionation Paths in the East Serbian Segment of the Balkan–Carpathian Arc

are used to assess petrogenetic and regional geodynamic processes associated with Late Cretaceous subvolcanic intrusions within the sparsely studied Timok Magmatic Complex (TMC) and Ridanj^ Krepoljin Zone (RKZ) of eastern Serbia. The TMC and RKZ form part of the Apuseni^Banat^Timok^Srednogorie (ABTS) magmatic belt, a Cu^Au mineralized calc-alkaline magmatic arc related to closure of theTethys Ocean that extends through Romania, Serbia, and Bulgaria in SE Europe. Zircon ages based on U^Pb laser ablation inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry supplemented by existing isotope dilution thermal ionization mass spectrometry data respectively range from 89 to 79 Ma and from 76 to 71 Ma for the TMC and RKZ. This age pattern corresponds to cross-arc younging away from the European continent. Adakite-like trace element signatures (Y � 18 ppm) are linked with samples that extend across the arc. These overlap in space and time with samples that conform to a normal arc differentiation trend. We performed energy-constrained assimilation^fractional crystallization (EC-AFC) modeling of Sr^La^Nd^Yb concentrations and Sr and Nd isotopic data. Results suggest that the two distinct fractionation trends may be explained in terms of a common mantle-derived parental magma but distinct fractionation and assimilation paths in the lower and upper crust. Petrogenesis of the adakite-like magmas is consistent with extensive high-pressure amphibole fractionation in the lower crust followed by ascent and plagioclase-dominant fractionation and assimilation in the upper crust. In contrast, normal arc signatures appear to have evolved exclusively via an upper-crustal differentiation process. Overall, our interpretation supports mantle wedge melting related to weak extension during progressive rollback of a subducting slab.