Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Recent Patterns of Sex-Specific Midlife Stroke Hospitalization Rates in the United States

Background and Purpose— Little is known about sex-specific stroke hospitalization rates among middle-aged individuals. This study assessed recent temporal trends in stroke hospitalizations among persons aged 35 to 64 years in the United States. Methods— The Nationwide Inpatient Sample was used to identify individuals with a primary or secondary discharge diagnosis of stroke between 1997 and 2006 (n=3 161 752). Age-adjusted sex-specific rates of ischemic and hemorrhagic stroke hospitalizations were assessed among individuals aged 35 to 64 years. Results— Over the study period, stroke hospitalization rates per 100 000 decreased by 10% from 66.7 to 60.3 (trend P<0.01) in men and 8% from 52.7 to 48.3 (trend P<0.001) in women. The 55- to 64-year age group drove reductions in hospitalization rates: slope (rate of change per year)=−12.3 for men and −8.9 for women (both P<0.001). Rates increased slightly in men and women aged 35 to 44 years and remained stable for persons aged 45 to 54 years. Stroke subtype analysis revealed that rates of ischemic stroke hospitalization increased and hemorrhagic stroke hospitalization remained stable among individuals aged 35 to 44 years. Rates of ischemic and hemorrhagic stroke hospitalizations remained stable among those aged 45 to 54 years and decreased among persons aged 55 to 64 years. Conclusions— From 1997 to 2006, ischemic and hemorrhagic stroke hospitalization rates declined among individuals aged 55 to 64 years and remained stable among persons aged 45 to 54 years; ischemic stroke hospitalization rates increased among individuals aged 35 to 44 years. Further studies are needed to assess and address increases in ischemic stroke hospitalizations among younger individuals.
CpG-induced tyrosine phosphorylation occurs via a TLR9-independent mechanism and is required for cytokine secretion

Toll-like receptors (TLRs) recognize molecular patterns preferentially expressed by pathogens. In endosomes, TLR9 is activated by unmethylated bacterial DNA, resulting in proinflammatory cytokine secretion via the adaptor protein MyD88. We demonstrate that CpG oligonucleotides activate a TLR9-independent pathway initiated by two Src family kinases, Hck and Lyn, which trigger a tyrosine phosphorylation–mediated signaling cascade. This cascade induces actin cytoskeleton reorganization, resulting in cell spreading, adhesion, and motility. CpG-induced actin polymerization originates at the plasma membrane, rather than in endosomes. Chloroquine, an inhibitor of CpG-triggered cytokine secretion, blocked TLR9/MyD88-dependent cytokine secretion as expected but failed to inhibit CpG-induced Src family kinase activation and its dependent cellular responses. Knock down of Src family kinase expression or the use of specific kinase inhibitors blocked MyD88-dependent signaling and cytokine secretion, providing evidence that tyrosine phosphorylation is both CpG induced and an upstream requirement for the engagement of TLR9. The Src family pathway intersects the TLR9–MyD88 pathway by promoting the tyrosine phosphorylation of TLR9 and the recruitment of Syk to this receptor.
THE TISSUE REACTION INDUCED IN RATS AND GUINEA-PIGS BY POLYMETHYLMETHACRYLATE (ACRYLIC) AND STAINLESS STEEL (18/8/MO).

IT is accepted that when a relatively inert foreign material is implanted as a film, foil or disc it becomes enclosed in a fibrous tissue capsule. In rats, mice and hamsters tumours have been shown to develop in the fibrous tissue capsules surrounding subcutaneously implanted foils of various plastics and metals. (Turner, 1941; Oppenheimer, Oppenheimer and Stout, 1948, 1952; Oppenheimer, Danishefsky, Stout and Eirich, 1955; Oppenheimer, Danishefsky and Stout, 1956; Nothdurft, 1955; Bering and Handler, 1957). Although some workers have suggested that the chemical composition of the foreign material is of importance in the induction of these tumours (Oppenheimer et al., 1955), it is now generally accepted that the form of the implant and the fibrous tissue capsule which surrounds it are the principal factors influencing the production of " foreignbody" tumours (Oppenheimer, Stout, Willhite and Danishefsky, 1958; Oppenheimer, Stout, Danishefsky and Willhite, 1959; Nothdurft, 1960). After prolonged implantation the thickness of the fibrous tissue capsule is said to decrease in guinea-pigs (Coronel and Kerneis, 1948; Virenque, Leroux, Delaunay, Lasfarques, Coronel and Kerneis, 1947) and increase in rats (Oppenheimer et al., 1958). It is possible, therefore, that a very different tissue reaction would occur when discs of the same material were implanted in these two rodents. The experiments described in this paper were designed to investigate in guineapigs and rats the effect of intramuscular implantation of polymethylmethacrylate discs and stainless steel discs. The influence of size of implant and duration of implantation on this reaction were also considered.
Block Modulation for Interference Management in Heterogeneous Wireless Networks

To meet growing target data rates, future wireless networks will be heterogeneous with macro and pico base stations (BSs). Allocating resources and managing interference between various types of BSs are of primary importance for achieving acceptable throughput in cell edges. In this work, we propose the interference canceling block modulation (ICBM) scheme for interference management in heterogeneous networks. We provide analytical design methods for ICBM and study the application of ICBM in heterogeneous wireless networks. Our results essentially show that ICBM acts as a virtual resource, significantly improving the data rates for cell-edge users as well as the cell average throughput over the conventional techniques in typical interference scenarios arising in heterogeneous networks.
Identification of the major proteins that promote neuronal process outgrowth on Schwann cells in vitro

Schwann cells have a unique role in regulating the growth of axons during regeneration and presumably during development. Here we show that Schwann cells are the best substrate yet identified for promoting process growth in vitro by peripheral motor neurons. To determine the molecular interactions responsible for Schwann cell regulation of axon growth, we have examined the effects of specific antibodies on process growth in vitro, and have identified three glycoproteins that play major roles. These are the Ca2+-independent cell adhesion molecule (CAM), L1/Ng-CAM; the Ca2+-dependent CAM, N-cadherin; and members of the integrin extracellular matrix receptor superfamily. Two other CAMs present on neurons and/or Schwann cells-N-CAM and myelin-associated glycoprotein-do not appear to be important in regulating process growth. Our results imply that neuronal growth cones use integrin-class extracellular matrix receptors and at least two CAMs--N-cadherin and L1/Ng-CAM-for growth on Schwann cells in vitro and establish each of these glycoproteins as a strong candidate for regulating axon growth and guidance in vivo.
A comparative assessment of enamel mineral content and Streptococcus mutans population between conventional composites and composites containing nano amorphous calcium phosphate in fixed orthodontic patients: a split-mouth randomized clinical trial

Objectives: The aim of this ‘split-mouth design’ trial was to evaluate the effect of the nano amorphous calcium phosphate (NACP) containing composite on enamel mineral contents and streptococcus mutans population in fixed orthodontic patients. Design, setting, participants, and intervention: Randomized, prospective, single-center controlled trial. Twenty-four patients between the ages of 13–18 years participated in this study. The control and test sides were randomly selected by a coin toss (1:1 ratio). On the control side orthodontic brackets were bonded on the buccal surfaces of upper premolars and laterals using an orthodontic composite (Transbond XT), and on the study side NACP-containing composite was used. Outcome measures were the mineral content around the brackets and S.mutans count. The later were calculated in the plaque around the brackets by real-time PCR at 3 months, and 6 months after the initiation of treatment. All stages of the study were blind using coding system. Paired t-test and repeated measurements were used for data analysis. Results: In the third and sixth month, the bacterial population was significantly lower in the study side than the control side (P = 0.01 and 0.000). The mineral content of the study side was significantly higher than the controls, 6 months after brocket bonding (P = 0.004). There were no significant differences between the premolars and lateral teeth for all measurements. Limitations: This research was performed in a single-center by one experienced clinician. Conclusion: NACP-containing composites have the potential to inhibit mineral content loss and S.mutans colonization around orthodontic brackets during fixed orthodontic treatments. Trial registration: This trial was not registered. Protocol: The protocol was not published before trial commencement.
Multi‐Walled Carbon Nanotube Coatings Using Electrophoretic Deposition (EPD)

A method based on electrophoretic deposition (EPD) has been developed to produce uniform deposits of multi-walled carbon nanotubes on stainless-steel substrates. Aqueous suspensions were used under constant voltage conditions in the range of 5–50 V, with deposition times ranging from 0.5 to 10 min. The thickness of the coatings was controlled by variation of voltage and deposition time during EPD. Coatings of up to 10 μm thickness were achieved, with a homogeneous microstructure. The EPD technique is fast, effective, and can be applied to complex shapes. Possible applications are in heat extraction devices or porous coatings for tissue engineering scaffolds.
Emotion-word processing difficulties in abstinent alcoholics with and without lifetime externalizing disorders.

BACKGROUND Evidence suggests that abstinent alcoholics have difficulties processing a variety of emotion-laden stimuli, and some of these difficulties may not fully resolve with long-term abstinence. The current study examined whether emotion-word processing difficulties were present in long-term abstinent alcoholics (LTAA; 18+ months of sobriety) with and without a previously diagnosed externalizing (EXT; antisocial personality disorder and/or attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder diagnosis) disorder. METHODS Subjects (N = 121) completed an affective go/no-go (AGNG) task with positive, negative, and neutral emotion-word stimuli, and a lexical decision-making (LDM) task with nonemotion word and nonword stimuli. Nonsubstance abusing controls (NSAC; n = 38, 50.0% women, mean age = 48 ± 7.8), LTAA with EXT (n = 32, 41% women, mean age = 47.1 ± 6.6), and LTAA without EXT (n = 51, 47% women, mean age = 49.7 ± 6.5) were compared between signal discriminability (d') and mean response times (RT) for correct responses (mcRT). RESULTS In the LDM task, LTAA had lower (d') values and slower mcRT than NSAC. In the AGNG task, LTAA and NSAC did not differ in AGNG task mcRT. LTAA had lower (d') values than NSAC, and this effect was partially associated with group differences in LDM task (d') values. In LTAA, lower AGNG (d') values also were associated with an earlier age of first drink, greater lifetime alcohol use, and a history of EXT disorder. CONCLUSIONS Our findings suggest that detecting the emotional content of words is impaired in LTAA, and this impairment is over and above LTAA's more general lexical processing difficulties. Results also suggest that specific emotion processing impairments in LTAA may be exacerbated by greater lifetime alcohol use burden and other comorbid EXT diagnoses.
Study on the rheological behaviors of UHMWPE/CA‐MMT nanocomposite

In our previous study, we have prepared a novel antibacterial ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene/chlorhexidine acetate-montmorillonoid (UHMWPE/CA-MMT) composites and examined its crystallization process and kinetics [1]. In this work, the rheological behaviors of pure UHMWPE, UHMWPE/MMT, UHMWPE/CA, and UHMWPE/CA-MMT were characterized. The results showed that MMT can increase the viscosity of the polymer composites and CA can act as a plasticizer in the composites. Compared with UHMWPE/CA, UHMWPE/CA-MMT had lower η*, G′, and G″. The TGA result indicated that CA-MMT has higher thermostability than CA. Hence, CA-MMT has the lower thermal decomposition ratio at high temperature than CA when it is blended with polymer. The TGA result could be used to explain that UHMWPE/CA-MMT composites had better plasticizer effect than UHMWPE/CA composites. POLYM. COMPOS. , 36:47–50, 2015. © 2014 The Authors Polymer Composites published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Bimetallic PdCu and PdCu$_3$ Particles Prepared by Wet Impregnation-HRTEM Study of the Structure and the Interface with the MgO Substrate

Bimetallic particles of PdCu and PdCu3 are prepared by decomposition of orga- nometallic compounds on MgO micro-cubes. During the annealing between 350 and 400 °C, in reducing atmosphere, PdCu particles grow with the fcc structure, without defined shape. The particles epitaxially (001) oriented on MgO are dilated and accommodated to the substrate. After annealing at 450 ° C, the particles adopt the 03B2 ordered structure. The particles are limited at the edges by (100) and (110) faces. Most of them are oriented (001) on MgO with (110)PdCu ~ (100)MgO, which corresponds to a perfect accommodation of the lattices without deformation compared to the bulk, despite of the reduction in H2. The PdCu3 particles smaller than about 10 nm were found with the 03B1 ordered structure, without periodic anti-phase boundaries.
Characterization of organophosphate pesticides in urine and home environment dust in an agricultural community

Abstract Context: Organophosphorus insecticides (OPs) have been used to control agricultural pests found in Washington state. Farmworkers (FW) have higher exposure to OP pesticides than non-farmworkers (NFW), and FW children may in turn have higher exposure than NFW children. Objective: To examine the association between the concentration in house dust of five OPs used commonly in pome fruit orchards and the concentration in urine of dialkylphosphate metabolites (DAP), in a cohort of Hispanic FW and NFW and their children. Methods: Parents and children participated in three data collection periods over the course of one year. Urine samples were evaluated for the DAPs characteristic of OP exposure, and dust from homes and vehicles was evaluated for intact OP residues. Results: Geometric mean (GM) concentrations of OPs in house and vehicle dust were higher in FW households than NFW households in all agricultural seasons. GM concentration of urinary DAPs was higher for children in FW households than NFW households. Discussion: Regression analysis found a positive association between OP residues in house dust and the children’s urinary DAPs. Conclusions: To our knowledge, this study is the first to report an association between pesticides in house dust and their biological metabolites in urine.
Ambulatory Arterial Stiffness Index Is Higher in Hypertensive Patients with Chronic Kidney Disease

Ambulatory arterial stiffness index (AASI) is a parameter obtained from ambulatory blood pressure monitoring (ABPM) that correlates with clinical endpoints. The aim of this study was to compare AASI in nondiabetic hypertensive patients with and without chronic kidney disease (CKD). Subjects with systemic arterial hypertension (SAH, n = 30) with normal renal function, aged 40 to 75 years, were compared to hypertensive patients with CKD (n = 30) presenting estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) <60 mL/min by MDRD formula. ABPM was carried out in all patients. In CKD group, eGFR was 35.3 ± 2.8 ml/min. The mean 24-hour systolic and diastolic blood pressure (BP) was similar in both groups. AASI was significantly higher in CKD group (0.45 ± 0.03 versus 0.37 ± 0.02, P < 0.05), positively correlated to age (r = 0.38, P < 0.01) and pulse pressure (r = 0.43, P < 0.01) and negatively correlated to nocturnal BP fall (r = -0.28, P = 0.03). These findings indicate the presence of stiffer vessels in CKD hypertensive patients.
Diminished frequency of hepatitis C virus specific interferon γ secreting CD4+ T cells in human immunodeficiency virus/hepatitis C virus coinfected patients

Background: Human immunodeficiency virus/hepatitis C virus (HIV/HCV) coinfection is a common and complex clinical problem in which loss of immunological control of HCV occurs, with increased HCV viral load and more aggressive liver disease. Cellular immune responses, particularly secretion of interferon γ (IFN-γ) appear to be important in the control of HCV, and a detectable HCV specific CD4 response is associated with clearance of the virus. HCV specific CD8+ T cell responses, weak in chronic HCV infection, have been shown to be further impaired in HIV coinfection and this CD8+ T cell deficiency is related to the decline in CD4 T cell count. Aims: To compare the CD4 T cell response to HCV in HIV/HCV coinfected and HCV monoinfected individuals and to determine the relationship of responses with declining CD4 count. Patients: The study subjects were a cohort of 68 HCV monoinfected and 67 HCV/HIV coinfected haemophiliac children and adolescents (the Hemophilia Growth and Development Study) who were followed for a seven year period. Methods: We analysed IFN-γ secreting CD4+ responses to HCV proteins and peptides and HIV p24 antigen using an ELISpot assay. Results: We found a significant decrease in HCV specific responses among those who were HIV coinfected (10/67 v 36/68; p<0.0001) both in numbers of responders and frequency of specific cells. This did not appear to be closely related to CD4 count. Conclusions: The reduction in HCV specific CD4 T cells in coinfection provide a cellular mechanism for the loss of control of HCV in coinfected individuals, even in those with relatively preserved CD4+ T cell counts and CD4+ T cell responses to HIV.
A computational approach to characterizing bond linkages of glycan isomers using matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization tandem time-of-flight mass spectrometry.

Glycans commonly exhibit variations in their branching structures and glycosidic bond linkages, in addition to their sequence variation. These glycan features are known to be highly correlated with their biological functions. It is relatively straightforward to deduce the composition and sequence of monosaccharides of a glycan from its tandem mass spectra. However, the characterization of the linkage types of each glycosidic bond is still analytically challenging. In this paper, we present a rank-based discriminative model to differentiate between two types of glycosidic linkages (namely, 1-4 and 1-6) based on the cross-ring fragmentation patterns of the corresponding glycans observed under high-energy collision-induced dissociation (CID). To train our models, we acquired tandem mass spectra for three groups of both native and permethylated linear oligoglucoses using a matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization tandem time-of-flight (MALDI/TOF/TOF) instrument. Based on a 5-fold cross-validation, the prediction accuracies of our model for native glycans are determined to be about 88.4% and 92.9% for 1-6 and 1-4 linkages, respectively. The accuracies determined for permethylated glycans are slightly lower, but comparable: 85.6% and 89.0% for 1-6 and 1-4 linkages, respectively. Our method is implemented as a web-hosted utility, thus making it readily accessible to the public which can be accessed through http://ggdb.informatics. indiana.edu:8080/glycanview.
The Impact of Distributive Justice, Procedural Justice, and Affective Commitment on Turnover Intention among Public and Private Sector Employees in Malaysia

Abstract — This paper examined the impact of distributive and procedural justice on turnover intention via affective commitment. Specifically, it is predicted that when the distributive and procedural justice relating to compensation are perceived to be fair, employees are more affectively committed to the organization and expressed lower turnover intention. A total of 226 respondents throughout Malaysia participated in this study. Partial least squares of structural equation modeling was used in the study. The results showed that distributive and procedural justice was significantly and positively related to affective commitment, which in turn was significantly and negatively related to turnover intention. It also revealed that affective commitment fully mediates the relationship between distributive and procedural justice with turnover intention. The results also showed that the type of organization that an employee works in does not moderate the relationship between affective commitment and turnover intention. It is therefore important for organizations from both the public and private sectors to reward its employees equitably and to implement fair compensation procedures to foster higher affective commitment
Human Cytoplasmic Antiproteinase Neutralizes Rapidly and Efficiently Chymotrypsin and Trypsin-like Proteases Utilizing Distinct Reactive Site Residues*

Human cytoplasmic antiproteinase (CAP) is an intracellular serpin that has been reported to utilize Arg341 as the reactive site P1 residue to neutralize a broad variety of extracellular serine proteases with trypsin-like specificity. Both native CAP and recombinant CAP purified from Escherichia coli were observed to form SDS-stable complexes not only with 125I-thrombin and 125I-urokinase, but also with 125I-chymotrypsin. Kinetic studies indicated that the amidolytic activity of chymotrypsin is inhibited efficiently and rapidly by CAP in a two-step process with a dissociation constant Ki of an initial loose complex of 3.3 nM, a forward isomerization rate constant k2 to the tight complex of 0.014 s−1, and an overall second order association rate constant of 6 × 106 M−1 s−1, similar to the kinetic constants obtained for the formation of the trypsin-CAP complex. N-terminal amino acid sequencing and mass spectrometry indicated that chymotrypsin interacts with CAP at Met340, in contrast to thrombin, which interacts as expected at Arg341. Thus, CAP is the first serpin that has been shown to be capable to inhibit efficiently and with similar association rate constants different proteases at distinct reactive site residues, strongly supporting the notion of a highly mobile and flexible serpin reactive site loop and suggesting that this inhibitor may have evolved separate reactive sites for the specific regulation of different proteolytic activities.
Direct Torque Control of Brushless DC Motor

Due to the good performance of brushless motor, its application is widespread. Brushless DC motor has following advantages that are low interference, low noise, high efficiency and so on, so it was widely used in industrial and control field. But DC motor has larger current commutation torque ripple, greatly reduce their reliability and stability. This design using direct torque control strategy to reduce torque ripple, and compares the control results of PI controller with direct torque control method. In the process of regulating motor’s speed ，When adopts PI controller here has great overshoot and start time of speed is long than direct torque control, current pulse obviously severe than direct torque control. The simulation results show that overall effect of direct torque control is superior than double closed loop control. It fully explains that the control strategy in this paper is effective.