Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
An Analysis of the Relationship between Residents' Proximity to Water and Attitudes about Resource Protection*

Abstract This article investigates attitudes toward water resource protection among residents in varying proximities to resources, specifically to identify attitudinal differences and the extent to which nearness and adjacency explain attitudes. Proximity was evaluated by measured distances using GIS and reported closeness from a mail survey. Five attitudinal dimensions were assessed: general importance of resource protection, support for government, regulations, and economic measures, and combined overall attitudes. Nearness to water was most significant in explaining economic support, and adjacency for generally expressed importance. Attitudes differed most toward regulations. Overall, the relationship appears nonlinear. Empirical findings have implications for resource management, especially equity criteria in decision making. *This research was supported by the National Science Foundation (NSF) under BCS-SBE Grant No. 0326975. The authors would like to thank Barbara Trapido-Lurie, Noelwah Netusil, and Marc Bosworth for their assistance and helpful input on this project. Constructive criticism from three anonymous reviewers was also incredibly helpful. Any opinions, findings, conclusions, or recommendations expressed in this article are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the views of NSF or the individuals acknowledged herein.
The conversation mop: Scenes in the stream of discourse

The interface of thought and talk was examined in a two‐stage research project that focused on the nature of cognitive structures guiding discourse and the nature of discourse structures produced by the cognitive structures. Schank's (1982) theory of dynamic memory employs scenes as the building blocks for cognitive structures that represent action sequences. These scenes are structured by memory organization packets (MOPs). Scenes in a conversational MOP were hypothesized to be topic centered and weakly ordered by the MOP, with stronger ordering occurring between subsets of scenes. This hypothesis was verified for both the cognitive structure underlying discourse production and the actual discourse structure. Furthermore, a universal conversational scene was identified that suggests how individuals can talk on topics they know little about. Finally, the linguistic invariance in identifying the scene and the actions in a scene suggest that a limited set of scripts exists to accomplish each scene.
EMPLOYEE ATTRIBUTIONS OF THE “WHY” OF HR PRACTICES: THEIR EFFECTS ON EMPLOYEE ATTITUDES AND BEHAVIORS, AND CUSTOMER SATISFACTION

The construct of human resource (HR) attributions is introduced. We argue that the attributions that employees make about the reasons why management adopts the HR practices that it does have consequences for their attitudes and behaviors, and ultimately, unit performance. Drawing on the strategic HR literature, we propose a typology of 5 HR-attribution dimensions. Utilizing data collected from a service firm, we show that employees make varying attributions for the same HR practices, and that these attributions are differentially associated with commitment and satisfaction. In turn, we show that these attitudes become shared within units and that they are related to unit-level organizational citizenship behaviors and customer satisfaction. Findings and implications are discussed.
Globalization, Growth and Poverty in India

In this paper an attempt is made to assess the impact of economic reforms on the incidence of poverty by decomposing the change in poverty ratio between two time points into growth/mean effect, inequality effect and the population shift effect. Based on the National Sample Survey data an analysis has been carried out for two time periods: (i) 1983 to 1993-94 and (ii) 1993-94 to 1999-2000, broadly representing the pre-reform and reform-period respectively, for the rural and urban areas of the fifteen major states, and also for the all-India level. The growth/mean effect, which determines the extent of fall (rise) in poverty incidence due to rise (fall) in mean per capita consumption expenditure, dominates in both the periods over the inequality effect, that estimates the rise (fall) in poverty due to rise (fall) in inequality. It also dominates over the population shift effect, which assesses the net impact on all-areas combined poverty, of a decline (rise) in rural (urban) poverty caused possibly by rural-urban migration. The growth effect, which is beneficial for poverty reduction, seems to have gone up in the reform period. The adverse inequality effect also fell in magnitude in the second period compared to the first. States with a greater beneficial growth effect in the second period relative to the first, also show a fall in the magnitude of an adverse population shift effect in the urban areas, i.e., a relatively less rise in the incidence of urban poverty caused by rural-urban migration.
Caesars and Rubicon: the hesitations of French policymakers in identifying a Third Way in education and training

This paper examines the decisions made by French policymakers at a time when France was uncertain about which option to take. The purpose is to follow how actors chart their own course in an environment with plural justifications and how they mobilise resources in several spheres to set up ever‐changing networks. The investigation will bear on all levels of education, including lifelong learning as France has adopted this European recommendation. The analysis will be divided into three parts after an overview of Third Way opportunities in France over the whole period considered. The false continuation between the focus on localism and the autonomy of schools will first be explored. The second part will address the true break with the school model of the first modernity: the ideal of equal opportunities, public confidence in the state, and separation between schooling and common social life. In a third part, the analysis will be focused on the current difficulties faced by policymakers to make decisions in an environment with plural justifications.
Medical Therapy of Acromegaly

This paper outlines the present status of medical therapy of acromegaly. Indications for permanent postoperative treatment, postirradiation treamtent to bridge the interval until remission as well as primary medical therapy are elaborated. Therapeutic efficacy of the different available drugs—somatostatin receptor ligands (SRLs), dopamine agonists, and the GH antagonist Pegvisomant—is discussed, as are the indications for and efficacy of their respective combinations. Information on their mechanism of action, and some pharmakokinetic data are included. Special emphasis is given to the difficulties to define remission criteria of acromegaly due to technical assay problems. An algorithm for medical therapy in acromegaly is provided.
Effects of Repeated Cerebral Ischemia on Extracellular Amino Acid Concentrations Measured With Intracerebral Microdialysis in the Gerbil Hippocampus

Background and Purpose To clarify the role of elevated extracellular amino acid concentrations during ischemia on the cumulative neuronal damage after repeated cerebral ischemic insults, using a microdialysis technique we measured concentrations of the amino acids glutamate, glutamine, glycine, taurine, and γ-aminobutyric acid in the gerbil hippocampus over three 2-minute forebrain ischemic insults induced at 1-hour intervals. Methods Under light anesthesia, the bilateral common carotid arteries were occluded with aneurysm clips at 1-hour intervals. Samples were collected by microdialysis at 10-minute intervals, and the amino acid concentrations were determined using a high-performance liquid chromatography system. Results During and immediately after the first ischemic insult, concentrations of glutamate, glycine, and taurine, but not glutamine, increased significantly. Glutamate and taurine concentrations rose again during the second and third ischemic insults, but the increases were smaller than those during the first insult. By contrast, glutamine concentrations increased slightly but significantly during the second and third ischemic insults. The extracellular concentration of γ-aminobutyric acid before the ischemic insults was below the level of detectability but increased markedly during each ischemic insult, with similar declines in the amounts released during later insults. Concentrations of all amino acids returned to baseline after 10 minutes of reperfusion and remained at baseline until the subsequent ischemic insult was induced. Conclusions It is well established that glutamate released during ischemia plays a crucial role in ischemia-induced neuronal death. However, the present results indicate that cumulative neuronal damage following sublethal ischemic insults is not caused by an exaggerated release of excitatory amino acids during subsequent ischemic insults but strongly suggest that increased intracellular reactions leading to cell death play a major role.
The role of extraocular photoreceptors in newt magnetic compass orientation: parallels between light-dependent magnetoreception and polarized light detection in vertebrates.

Theoretical models implicating specialized photoreceptors in the detection of the geomagnetic field have been the impetus for studying the effects of light on magnetic compass orientation. Magnetic orientation in flies, amphibians and birds has been found to be influenced by light, and in all these groups a shift of approximately 90 degrees in the direction of magnetic compass orientation has been observed under certain wavelengths and/or intensities of light. In the eastern red-spotted newt Notophthalmus viridescens, wavelength-dependent effects of light on magnetic compass orientation appear to result from an antagonistic interaction between short-wavelength (< or = 450 nm) and long-wavelength (> or = 500 nm) photoreception mechanisms. We have demonstrated that at least the short-wavelength input to the newt's magnetic compass is mediated by extraocular photoreceptors located in or near the pineal organ, and here we present new findings that indicate that the putative long-wavelength mechanism is also associated with pineal photoreceptors. Interestingly, the amphibian pineal organ mediates orientation to both the e-vector of plane-polarized light and the magnetic field. Although the wavelength-dependence of the polarized light orientation in amphibians has not been studied, polarization sensitivity in fishes appears to be mediated by two antagonistic photoreception mechanisms that have similar spectral characteristics to those of the newts' magnetic compass response. These parallels, along with similarities in the types of receptors that are expected to be involved in light-dependent magnetoreception and polarized light detection, suggest that similar photoreception mechanisms may mediate the light-dependent magnetic and polarized light compasses.
Book Reviews : Nigeria and its Invaders 1851-1920. By J.U.J. Asiegbu. Nok Publishers International, Lagos, 1984. 377 pp. $8.95

surprising that the book is biased in favor of military expeditions. The Nigerian Army being the main financier of the book, the dictum &dquo;he who gives the piper, dictates the tune&dquo; is justified by the number of extracts involving military expeditions that the author drew upon. There were two main types of military expeditions dealt with-the major military campaigns in which the various departments of state cooperated and exchanged ideas with not only British commercial companies but also with the missionary institutions as well. This demonstrates that the different missionaries were not only concerned with spreading the gospel. The minor expeditions were those in which military officials on the spot were allowed to exercise their initiatives.
Visual mapping with uncertainty for correspondence-free localization using Gaussian process regression

We present a framework that allows for localization based on very low resolution omnidirectional image data using regression techniques. Previous related methods are constrained to image data labeled with exact position information acquired in the training phase. We relax this constraint and propose to learn local heteroscedastic Gaussian processes by accumulating odometry data which can easily be acquired. The processes are used as a probabilistic map to predict recording positions of newly acquired images by a fusion of the uncertain training data. In contrast to many feature-based approaches, our framework does not rely on any explicit correspondences over images as well as over positions and only imposes very weak assumptions on the type and quality of the image representations.
iscussion he roles of the orbitofrontal cortex via the habenula in non-reward nd depression , and in the responses of serotonin and dopamine eurons dmund

Cortical regions such as the orbitofrontal cortex involved in reward and in non-reward and which are implicated in depression, and the amygdala, are connected to the habenula via the striatum and pallidum, and via subcortical limbic structures. The habenula in turn projects to the raphe nuclei, the source of the serotonin-containing neurons that project to the forebrain. It is proposed that this provides a route for cortical signals related to reward, and to not obtaining expected rewards, to influence the serotonincontaining neuronal system that is influenced by many antidepressant treatments. This helps to provide a more circuit-based understanding of the brain mechanisms related to depression, and how some treatrbitofrontal cortex
Genetic Basis of Idiosyncratic Responses to Alcoholism

Aim: The scientific viewpoint of genetic polymorphisms associated with risk of alcoholism and its adverse individual behavioural reactions is the main focus of this review. A complex syndrome like alcoholism and its idiosyncrasy may not be entirely understood on the basis of pathophysiological concept of neurotransmission alone. While neuropharmacology explains the mechanism behind molecular basis of alcoholism, the variation in alcohol induced abnormal neurotransmission due to presence or absence of different gene variants or isoenzymes of a particular gene on the other hand is a strong indication of genetic predisposition to alcoholism. In this article the term alcohol is used as a generic name for ethanol, which is the main subject of this discussion. Conclusion: The concomitant untoward intrinsic toxicity associated with alcoholism that makes it a potential trigger to a myriad of abnormal behavioural reactions in not only dose dependent pattern but with strong genetic disposition arises majorly due to different modes and levels of genetic variation in metabolic enzymes.
Incorporating Satellite Documents into Co-citation Networks for Scientific Paper Searches

To improve the search performance of retrieval methods using co-citation linkages, this study proposes a technique to enlarge a co-citation network by incorporating satellite documents. This technique specifies satellite documents via full-text searches for terms obtained from documents having co-citation linkages with a seed document; the appropriateness of each co-citation linkage is checked by using the strength of the co-citation context based on the results of parsing documents that cite the seed document. This study evaluates search performance using the proposed technique with IR experiments. Specifically, the random walk with restart algorithm, which can compute similarities between the seed document and each document in the network, is applied to the enlarged and initial networks. Scores of the normalized discounted cumulative gain (nDCG@K) were then compared. The results indicate that the search performance of the retrieval methods using the enlarged network outperforms those of a baseline method using the initial network.
Deterministic packet marking based on redundant decomposition for IP traceback

A novel deterministic packet marking scheme for IP trace back against distributed denial of service attacks is presented. Besides the hash correlation functions, our scheme has a unique technique: redundant decomposition, which plays an important role in improving the recovery performance. Theoretical analyses, the pseudo code and the experimental results are provided. The scheme is proved to be accurate and efficient and can handle large-scale DDoS attacks.
Low-Field MR Imaging for the Assessment of Therapy Response in Musculoskeletal Infections

Fifty-one patients with musculoskeletal infection were imaged by repeated MR imaging at ultra low-field and low-field strength. Soft-tissue infection, osteomyelitis, septic arthritis, and spondylitis were studied. The MR finding was scored according to the signal intensity (SI) on T2-weighted images (T2WI), and correlated with the values of serum C-reactive protein (CRP), erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR), and peripheral white blood cell (WBC) count. There was a positive correlation between the MR score and both CRP and ESR, but no correlation between MR score and WBC. The MR score between the follow-up studies decreased significantly in accordance with clinical reconstitution. The MR finding according to the SI on T2WIs corresponded better to disease activity than did the CRP or ESR.
Waving not drowning: Utilising gesture in the treatment of aphasia

We welcome the lead article (Rose, ) and congratulate Miranda Rose for raising important issues for the utility of gesture and pantomime in the rehabilitation of people with aphasia. We take this opportunity to briefly discuss recent theoretical developments and experimental research in the cognitive neurosciences on the relationships between language and action. We comment briefly on some issues raised in the review, including the question of how it is that some people with aphasia are able to utilise gesture and others are not, the relationship between propositional and spontaneous gesture and the degree to which treatment utilising gesture is possible at all for people with severe limb apraxia. Research based on experimental and theoretical developments forms the promising basis for further investigations into the utility of gesture as a facilitator for language in aphasia. We wonder, however, if it is those most in need of gesture and pantomime to compensate for severe impairment who are the least likely to benefit from labour-intensive treatment.
Iodine and pregnancy – a UK cross-sectional survey of dietary intake, knowledge and awareness

Iodine is a key component of the thyroid hormones, which are critical for healthy growth, development and metabolism. The UK population is now classified as mildly iodine-insufficient. Adequate levels of iodine during pregnancy are essential for fetal neurodevelopment, and mild iodine deficiency is linked to developmental impairments. In the absence of prophylaxis in the UK, awareness of nutritional recommendations during pregnancy would empower mothers to make the right dietary choices leading to adequate iodine intake. The present study aimed to: estimate mothers' dietary iodine intake in pregnancy (using a FFQ); assess awareness of the importance of iodine in pregnancy with an understanding of existing pregnancy dietary and lifestyle recommendations with relevance for iodine; examine the level of confidence in meeting adequate iodine intake. A cross-sectional survey was conducted and questionnaires were distributed between August 2011 and February 2012 on local (Glasgow) and national levels (online electronic questionnaire); 1026 women, UK-resident and pregnant or mother to a child aged up to 36 months participated in the study. While self-reported awareness about general nutritional recommendations during pregnancy was high (96 %), awareness of iodine-specific recommendations was very low (12 %), as well as the level of confidence of how to achieve adequate iodine intake (28 %). Median pregnancy iodine intake, without supplements, calculated from the FFQ, was 190 μg/d (interquartile range 144–256μg/d), which was lower than that of the WHO's recommended intake for pregnant women (250 μg/d). Current dietary recommendations in pregnancy, and their dissemination, are found not to equip women to meet the requirements for iodine intake.
Low uric acid levels in patients with Parkinson's disease: evidence from meta-analysis

Objective The association between Parkinson's disease (PD) and uric acid levels has gained intensive interest in recent years. We applied meta-analysis to investigate serum uric acid levels in patients with PD in comparison with healthy controls. Design We searched three electronic databases and reference lists up to January 2013. Two collaborators reviewed all the articles and data disagreement was resolved through discussion. Six studies met the eligibility criteria and were included in the meta-analysis of uric acid levels in patients with PD in comparison with controls. Participants 1217 patients with PD and 1276 matched healthy controls. Results The meta-analysis results showed that patients with PD had lower levels of uric acid than healthy controls (summary standardised mean difference (SMD)=−0.52, 95% CI (−0.72 to −0.31)). Further gender subgroup analysis (summary SMD=−0.56, 95% CI (−0.72 to −0.41) for women; summary SMD=−0.62, 95% CI (−0.94 to −0.31) for men) indicated lower uric acid levels in patients with PD than healthy controls in women and men. Conclusions It was found that patients with PD had lower serum levels of uric acid than healthy controls and this association was more significant in men than in women. More efforts are encouraged to explore the prognostic and therapeutic implications for PD of the present findings.
Thalassemia as a global health problem: recent progress toward its control in the developing countries

The thalassemias, together with sickle cell anemia and its variants, are by far the most common monogenic diseases. They occur at their highest frequency in countries of the developing world where their control and management is hampered by a lack of knowledge of their true prevalence, adequate services for their management and control, and support by their governments and international health agencies. However, there has been some progress recently in addressing these problems and there are several ways in which the lot of children with thalassemia in poor countries could be improved in the future. Over the last 20 years there has been considerable improvement in the control and management of the thalassemias in the richer countries of the world. Unfortunately, however, this is not the case for many of the developing countries, where there have been few improvements in the control of the numbers of births of babies with thalassemia or in the care of thalassemic children since the frequency of the problem started to become evident in the 1960s. Here, I will try to assess the current situation in these countries and examine some of the potential approaches for improving the current situation.
An Exploration of Religious Gender Differences amongst Jewish-American Emerging Adults of Different Socio-Religious Subgroups

This article explores gender differences in the religious experiences of 416 Jewish (Secular, Traditional, and Modern-Orthodox) emerging adults (M Age = 23.16). Prior research has indicated that women are more religious than men cross-culturally. The purpose of this study was to investigate if such gender differences remain applicable to Jewish-American emerging adults given both the changing role of women in society and emerging adults’ prolonged search for identity. Findings reveal that most gender differences in the religious values and experiences of Jewish-American emerging adults are statistically insignificant and when significant, are specific to subgroup. Furthermore, it was found that gender analyses of composite scores do not necessarily accurately report the presence or lack thereof of gender differences in religious development. It is therefore suggested that future research may benefit from the analysis of individual religious items and that efforts be made to explore within-group and between-group differences.