Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Managing security in IoT by applying the deep neural network-based security framework

Security issues and Internet of Things (IoT) risks in several areas are growing steadily with the increased usage of IoT. The systems have developed weaknesses in computer and memory constraints in most IoT operating systems. IoT devices typically cannot operate complicated defense measures because of their poor processing capabilities. A shortage of IoT ecosystems is the most critical impediment to developing a secured IoT device. In addition, security issues create several problems, such as data access control, attacks, vulnerabilities, and privacy protection issues. These security issues lead to affect the originality of the data that cause to affects the data analysis. This research proposes an AI-based security method for the IoT environment (AI-SM-IoT) system to overcome security problems in IoT. This design was based on the edge of the network of AI-enabled security components for IoT emergency preparedness. The modules presented detect, identify and continue to identify the phase of an assault life span based on the concept of the cyberspace killing chain. It outlines each long-term security in the proposed framework and proves its effectiveness in practical applications across diverse threats. In addition, each risk in the borders layer is dealt with by integrating artificial intelligence (AI) safety modules into a separate layer of AI-SM-IoT delivered by services. It contrasted the system framework with the previous designs. It described the architectural freedom from the base areas of the project and its relatively low latency, which provides safety as a service rather than an embedded network edge on the internet-of-things design. It assessed the proposed design based on the administration score of the IoT platform, throughput, security, and working time
A spatial augmented beta regression model for periodontal proportion data

Clinical dental research generates large amounts of data with a potentially complex correlation structure from measurements recorded at several sites throughout the mouth. Clinical attachment level (CAL) is one such measure popularly used to assess the periodontal disease (PD) status. We model the proportion of sites for each tooth-type (i.e., incisor, canine, pre-molar and molar) per subject that exhibit moderate to severe PD. Disease free and highly diseased tooth-sites cause these proportion responses to lie in the closed interval [0, 1]. In addition, PD may be spatially referenced, i.e., the disease status of a site is influenced by its neighbours. While beta regression can assess the covariate-response relationship for proportion data, its support in the interval (0, 1) impairs its ability to account for the observed proportions at zero and one. In contrast to ad hoc transformations that confine responses to (0, 1), we develop a framework that augments the beta density with non-zero masses at zero and one while also controlling for spatial referencing. Our approach is Bayesian and is computationally amenable to available software. A simulation study evaluates estimation of regression effects in scenarios of varying sample size, degree of spatial dependence and response transformations. Application to real PD data provide insights into assessing covariate effects on proportion responses.
Colour space fusion for texture recognition

In this paper we propose a novel approach to colour texture classification based on fusion of the information contained in different colour spaces. In colour texture classification the choice of the most effective colour space to use is still an open issue. However, combining the strengths of different colour spaces may offer an alternative solution to the problem of robust texture discrimination. The principal aim of the work presented here is to study the performance of such decision combination approaches using classifiers obtained through training on features extracted from a number of colour space and subspace representations of the same texture classes. To this end we performed a number of cross-validation experiments involving six different colour spaces and their chromatic subspaces. Our results strongly suggest that colour texture classification can benefit significantly from techniques based on multiple classifier combination strategies.
Strong deformations induced by a DC electric field in homeotropic flexo-electric nematic layers

Elastic deformations of homeotropic nematic liquid crystal layers subjected to a DC electric field were studied numerically in order to determine their development under increasing voltage. Both signs of the dielectric anisotropy, Δϵ, and of the sum of flexo-electric coefficients, e 11 + e 33, were considered, as were also low, moderate and high ion concentrations. The electrical properties of the layer are described in terms of a weak electrolyte model. Quasi-blocking electrode contacts and a finite surface anchoring strength were adopted. Director orientation, the electric potential and the ion concentrations were each calculated as a function of the coordinate normal to the layer. The director distributions turned out to depend not only on the sign of Δϵ but also on the sign of e 11 + e 33, due to the difference in the mobility of anions and cations. The importance of ion content was also confirmed.
SN 1988A in M58 - A type II-P supernova with a high late-time luminosity

SN 1988A is (with exception of the well-observed SN 1987A) the only type II SN for which observations of the late tail of the light curve are presently available. This SN showed a brief spike in the early visual light curve followed by a long plateau lasting for about 3 months. Spectra taken during both the plateau and the postplateau phases confirm its being also a classical event of the type II-P class, very similar to SN 1969L and SN 1986I. In this paper, the visual light curve up to 500 days after maximum is reconstructed, and the possible mechanisms that can contribute to the very late luminosity are reviewed. Radioactive decay of Co-56 seems to be the main contributor to very late luminosity. 18 refs.
Tree-ART2 Learning Model for Spatial Clustering in Second Dimension

For a clustering algorithm in two-dimension spatial data, the Adaptive Resonance Theory exists not only the shortcomings of pattern drift and vector module of information missing, but also difficultly adapts to spatial data clustering which is irregular distribution. A Tree-ART2 network model was proposed based on the above situation. It retains the memory of old model which maintains the constraint of spatial distance by learning and adjusting LTM pattern and amplitude information of vector. Meanwhile, introducing tree structure to the model can reduce the subjective requirement of vigilance parameter and decrease the occurrence of pattern mixing. It is showed that TART2 network has higher plasticity and adaptability through compared experiments.
An Implicit Fixed-Grid Method for the Finite-Element Analysis of Heat Transfer Involving Phase Changes

The finite-element method is widely used for thermal numerical simulation of heat treatment, casting, or welding processes. The modeling of phase changes requires the simulation of highly nonlinear problems due to latent heat effects. In this article, a finite-element procedure is developed for modeling latent heat effects using an implicit time discretization for transient heat conduction problems involving phase changes for which the enthalpy can be supposed to be a function of temperature only. It is also developed for stationary convection-diffusion problems. Examples are presented to show the efficiency of the method for isothermal and anisothermal transformations. Finally, the method is extended to take couplings with metallurgical transformation kinetics into account.
7+1 to 1 pump/signal combiner for air-clad fiber with 15 µm MFD PM single-mode signal feed-through

A 7+1 to 1 pump/signal combiner with single-mode (SM) polarization maintaining (PM) 15 μm mode-field-diameter (MFD) signal feed-through is demonstrated. The combiner is designed for pulse amplification in an active Yb-doped airclad fiber operated in backward pumped configuration. Signal coupling through the device is realized by a microstructured taper element allowing single-mode guidance and constant MFD at a taper ratio of 3.4.
Steady thermocapillary-buoyant flow in an unbounded liquid layer heated nonuniformly from above

Thermocapillary and buoyant flows induced by nonuniform heating of the free surface of a horizontally unbounded liquid layer over a cold solid bottom are studied numerically and by order of magnitude analyses for large Marangoni and Rayleigh numbers. The Prandtl number of the liquid is assumed to be of order unity or large, which are the cases of most interest in combustion. The asymptotic structures of plane and axisymmetric stationary flows are described qualitatively, showing that they consist of several horizontally spaced regions. Heat conduction and viscous forces are confined to thin boundary layers in a region around the heat source, while viscous forces extend to the whole liquid layer in a longer region where the flow is driven by the momentum imparted to the liquid by thermocapillary stresses around the source, in the case of plane thermocapillary flow; by this momentum and remaining thermocapillary stresses, in the case of axisymmetric thermocapillary flow; and by the horizontal gradient of a .
Coordinated flight path planning for a fleet of missiles in high-risk areas

Abstract This paper addresses the flight path planning problem for multiple missiles engaging stationary targets in high-risk areas. Targets protected by air defence are preferably engaged by a fleet or swarm of missiles, not individual missiles. The concept of a swarm attack is that a large number of approaching missiles overwhelm air defence. The deployment of missiles is often part of a broader mission including further participants. Flight path planning is then an integral element of mission planning, requiring strict timing coordination of all members involved. The flight times of the missiles are dictated by the master planning. We present algorithms for offline planning and online re-planning of flight paths for a fleet of missiles with flight time constraints. The algorithms are based on an advanced bidirectional RRT* algorithm that generates risk-minimizing flight paths with predefined flight times. Online planning generates the flight paths of the fleet sequentially, maintaining a safety distance between the missiles to prevent mutual collision. Offline planning uses a global optimization approach to determine an optimal selection of flight paths from a large set of potential paths. The selection is performed by a branch and bound algorithm that determines optimal cliques in the path compatibility graph. The optimization is embedded in an iterative algorithm that allows to successively improve the mission success.
Fusion of active and passive infrared images for face recognition

This work introduces a new framework for active and passive infrared image fusion for face recognition applications. Two multispectral face recognition databases were used in our experiments: Equinox Database (Visible, SWIR, MWIR, LWIR) and m-Faces Database (Visible, NIR, MWIR, LWIR). The proposed framework uses a fusion scheme in texture space in order to increase the performance of face recognition. The proposed texture space is based on the use of binary and ternary patterns. A new adaptive ternary pattern is also introduced. Active (SWIR and NIR) and passive (MWIR, LWIR) infrared modalities are used in this fusion scheme. An intraspectral and inter-spectral fusion approaches are introduced. The obtained results are promising and show an increase in the recognition performance when texture channels are fused in a multi-scale fusion scheme.
Visual discomfort induced by fast salient object motion in stereoscopic video

This paper investigates visual discomfort induced by fast motion of salient object in a stereoscopic video. We have conducted a subjective assessment to investigate the degree of visual discomfort caused by motion characteristics of a controlled graphics object in a video scene. As results of the subjective assessment, we observe the changes of the degree of visual discomfort with varying velocity and direction of object motion. In order to verify the acceptability of our observation for real stereoscopic 3D videos, we exploit the concept of visual saliency to define the salient object motion severely affecting the degree of visual discomfort in a video scene. The salient object motion feature is extracted and a visual comfort model is derived from our observation. Then we predict the degree of visual discomfort by using the extracted motion feature and the visual comfort model. We have conducted a subjective test to compare the predicted visual comfort score with actual subjective score. The experiment results show that the predicted visual comfort score correlates well with the actual subject score.
On the spatial evolution of a wall-imposed periodic disturbance in pipe Poiseuille flow at Re = 3000. Part 1. Subcritical disturbance

We have performed a numerical study on the transition of a cylindrical pipe flow under the influence of a localized disturbance in the form of periodic suction and blowing (PSB) applied at the pipe wall. We focus here on the so-called receptivity problem where the spatial evolution of this disturbance is studied as it travels downstream through the pipe. The study is carried out by means of two techniques: an eigenmode expansion solution (EES) and a full nonlinear direct numerical simulation (DNS). The EES is based on an analytical expansion in terms of the eigenfunctions of the linear operator which follows from the equations of motion expressed in a cylindrical coordinate system. The DNS is formulated in terms of a spectral element method. We restrict ourselves to a so-called subcritical disturbance, i.e. the flow does not undergo transition. For very small amplitudes of the PSB disturbance the results of the EES and DNS techniques agree excellently. For larger amplitudes nonlinear interactions come into play which are neglected in the EES method. Nevertheless, the results of both methods are consistent with the following transition scenario. The PSB excites a flow perturbation that has the same angular wavenumber and frequency as the imposed disturbance itself. This perturbation is called the fundamental mode. By nonlinear self-interaction of this fundamental mode higher-order harmonics, both in the angular wavenumber and frequency, are generated. It is found that the harmonic with angular wavenumber 2, i.e. twice the wavenumber of the fundamental mode, and with zero frequency grows strongly by a linear process known as transient growth. As a result the (perturbed) pipe flow downstream of the disturbance region develops extended regions of low velocity, known as low-speed streaks. At large disturbance amplitudes these low-speed streaks show the development of high wavenumber oscillations and it is expected that at even higher disturbance amplitudes these oscillations become unstable and turbulent flow will set in. Our result agrees (at least qualitatively) with the transition scenario in a plane Poiseuille flow as discussed by Reddy et al. (1998) and Elofson & Alfredson (1998).
The impact of South African culture on the work-life balance of women in leadership positions

Women are the pillars of every healthy society. Numerous socio-cultural practices, especially patriarchy and religion in African communities deprive women of equality and justice across all sectors of society. However, younger and educated generations seem to adopt a different attitude. This paper explores the impact of South African culture and the work-life balance (WLB) of women in managerial positions since the democracy’s inception. A survey based on elements of three complementary theories: the role of congruity, feminism and cultural dimension theories was used to collect data from 187 women in leadership positions in the Mangaung metropolitan municipality in the Free State province of South Africa giving a 75% return rate. A factor analysis was conducted to determine the loading of items. The reliability of instruments using the Cronbach alpha value was reported at 0.87. Results reveal that 47.1% bemoan cultural tendencies at work. Furthermore, 35.7% opined that the choice between adoption and conceiving children is non-negotiable, despite pressing work demands and 34.3% agreed that culture makes them feel guilty if they give their work preference over their family life. Crafting human resource strategies that advocate for ‘gender equality or sensitivity’ and harmonise the work-life balance of female staff in order to enhance their performance in a sustainable way is long overdue and needs to be prioritized by any South African organizations.
IMPULSIVE, STOCHASTIC, AND SHOCK WAVE ACCELERATION OF RELATIVISTIC PROTONS IN LARGE SOLAR EVENTS OF 1989 SEPTEMBER 29, 2000 JULY 14, 2003 OCTOBER 28, AND 2005 JANUARY 20

Using the data from neutron monitors and applying various techniques, the parameters of relativistic solar protons (RSPs) outside the magnetosphere are currently being derived by several research groups. Such data, together with direct proton measurements from balloons and spacecraft, allow the determination of particle energy spectra near the Earth's orbit in successive moments of time. Spectra of RSPs in a number of large solar events tend to indicate the existence of multistep acceleration at/near the Sun. In this paper, we study the generation of RSP by neutral current sheet, stochastic, and shock-wave acceleration, within the framework of two-component concepts for ground level enhancements (GLEs) of solar cosmic rays (SCRs). Our analysis is extended to large solar events (GLEs) of 1989 September 29, 2000 July 14, 2003 October 28, and 2005 January 20. We found two different particle populations (components) in the relativistic energy range: a prompt component (PC), characterized by an early impulselike intensity increase, hard spectrum and high anisotropy, and a delayed component, presenting a gradual late increase, soft spectrum and low anisotropy. Based on a two-source model for SCR spectrum formation at the Sun, we carried out theoretical calculations of spectra in the sources for both components. We conclude that the processes in neutral current sheet, together with stochastic acceleration in expanding magnetic trap in the solar corona, are able to explain the production of two different relativistic components. Shock acceleration in the presence of coronal mass ejection (CME) fits fairly only the nonrelativistic range of the SCR spectrum, but fails in the description of relativistic proton spectra, especially for the PC.
A ZVS-Based Non-Isolated High Step-Up DC–DC Converter With Low Voltage Stress for Renewable Applications

A high-gain soft switched step-up dc–dc converter is presented in this article. High gain is achieved at lower duty and turns ratio with a pair of coupled inductors (CIs) and a voltage multiplier. In addition, an active clamp is incorporated to reduce the voltage stress across the main switch. Hence, switches with lower ON-state resistance ( $R_{ds\mathrm{\scriptscriptstyle ON}}$ ) and lower voltage ratings are employed, reducing both conduction losses and cost. It additionally helps in achieving zero-voltage switching (ZVS) to both MOSFETs. By recycling the leakage energy of the coupled inductors, voltage gain is further increased. It also helps to accomplish zero-current switching (ZCS) turn-on and turn-off of diodes. This further reduces losses and increases further efficiency. Moreover, the reverse recovery problem of the diodes is also mitigated. The working principle, steady-state analysis, and design guidelines have been carried out. Finally, a 500-W hardware setup with an input voltage range of 20–24 V and output of 400 V at a switching frequency of 50 kHz is built to validate the performance of the proposed converter. The operating efficiency at full load is observed as 95.11%.
Negative nonlinearity in selected fluorocarbons

The Martin–Hou equation has been employed to compute the fundamental derivative of gasdynamics for seven commercially available fluorocarbons. Each fluid was found to have a region of negative nonlinearity large enough to include the critical isotherm. Negative nonlinearity twice as strong as that found in previous investigations is reported. In addition, estimates for the fundamental derivative at saturation are given.
The Lyman Edge Test of the Quasar Emission Mechanism

The Lyman edge region in the spectra of 11 high-redshift quasars is studied using data designed to detect broadened Lyman edge absorption predicted by thermal models of the 'big blue bump' continuum component, especially thin accretion disks. Three objects have broadened, partial edges near the systemic redshifts, as expected for thermal models. In two cases, however, narrow Lyamn lines with the edge absorption, ruling out the disk interpretation. Thus, the data are negative for thermal models, at least for opaque thin accretion disks. 42 refs.
Temperature-dependent coherent carrier transport in quantum cascade lasers

The temperature dependence of coherent carrier transport in quantum cascade lasers (QCLs) is studied in this paper. It was found that coherent carrier transport in QCLs decreases as the temperature increases because the coherence between the injector and active region energy levels decays at a faster rate with increasing temperature. Calculations show that the coherence time decreases by at least a factor of two as the temperature increases from 100 K to room temperature. Electron transport from the injector regions into the active regions and vice versa is a highly coherent process that becomes less efficient with decreasing coherence time and hence becomes less efficient with increasing temperature. As a consequence, when the temperature increases, the population of the upper lasing levels in active regions decreases, the population of the lower lasing levels increases and performance suffers.
Ab initiocalculation of the exchange-correlation kernel in extended systems

We develop a method to calculate the polarizability of a many-electron system within Green's function theory in a similar way as within time-dependent density functional theory and apply it to Si and GaAs. The method joins the computational simplicity of the latter with the accuracy of the former approach. The resulting exchange-correlation many-body kernel f F Q P xc and optical spectra are in good agreement with those obtained by the solution of the Bethe-Salpeter equation.
Abelian Unipotent Subgroups of Finite Unitary and Symplectic Groups

Abstract If G is the unitary group U(V) or the symplectic group Sp(V) of a vector space V over a finite field of characteristic p, and r is a positive integer, we determine the abelian p-subgroups of largest order in G whose fixed subspaces in V have dimension at least r, with the restriction that we assume p ≠ 2 in the symplectic case. In particular, we determine the abelian subgroups of largest order in a Sylow p-subgroup of G. Our results complement earlier work on general linear and orthogonal groups.
Theory of Slots in Rectangular Wave‐Guides

A basic theory of slots in rectangular wave‐guides is given. The analogy with a transmission line is developed and established, and detailed formulae for the reflection and transmission coefficients and for the ``voltage amplitude'' in the slot generated by a given incident wave are given. While the complete expressions for these quantities are quite complicated and involve the summation of infinite series, certain parts of the expressions are comparatively simple. In particular, the ``resistance'' or ``conductance'' of slots which are equivalent to series or shunt elements in a transmission line are given by fairly simple closed expressions. Guide‐to‐guide coupling by slots and slot arrays are also considered. A more detailed summary of the main results of the paper is given in Section 1.