Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Analyzing Supersaturated Designs by Means of an Information Based Criterion

The cost and time consumption of many industrial experimentations can be reduced using the class of supersaturated designs since this can be used for screening out the important factors from a large set of potentially active variables. A supersaturated design is a design for which there are fewer runs than effects to be estimated. Although there exists a wide study of construction methods for supersaturated designs, their analysis methods are yet in an early research stage. In this article, we propose a method for analyzing data using a correlation-based measure, named as symmetrical uncertainty. This method combines measures from the information theory field and is used as the main idea of variable selection algorithms developed in data mining. In this work, the symmetrical uncertainty is used from another viewpoint in order to determine more directly the important factors. The specific method enables us to use supersaturated designs for analyzing data of generalized linear models for a Bernoulli response. We evaluate our method by using some of the existing supersaturated designs, obtained according to methods proposed by Tang and Wu (1997) as well as by Koukouvinos et al. (2008). The comparison is performed by some simulating experiments and the Type I and Type II error rates are calculated. Additionally, Receiver Operating Characteristics (ROC) curves methodology is applied as an additional statistical tool for performance evaluation.
Experimental evaluation of cyclic fatigue resistance of four different nickel-titanium instruments after immersion in sodium hypochlorite and/or sterilization

NiTi instruments have a high risk of separation due to torsional or flexural fatigue (cyclic fatigue). Chemomechanical preparation, cleaning procedures, chemical disinfection and sterilization cause the corrosion of endodontic instruments that may weaken the fracture resistance of the instruments. Objective To assess the effects of NaOCl immersion and autoclave sterilization on the cyclic fatigue resistance of ProFile, FlexMaster, Mtwo and TwistedFiles NiTi instruments (tip size 25, 0.06 taper, n=160). Material and Methods The instruments (n=10 for each subgroup) were dynamically immersed in NaOCl; immersed in NaOCl and sterilized in one autoclave cycle; 5 cycles immersed in NaOCl and sterilized in autoclave and not immersed in NaOCl and not sterilized (control group). Dynamic cyclic fatigue resistance was tested. The number of cycles to failure (NCF) were statistically analyzed (P<0.05). Results Kruskall-Wallis test indicated significant differences among the tested instruments in terms of NCF (P=0.000). The mean NCF of Mtwo (556.75) was higher than that of the Twisted File, Flexmaster and ProFile, 483.1, 376.12, 365.25, respectively. NaOCl immersion and autoclave sterilization have no effect on the NCF values of the tested instruments (P>.05). Conclusions Cyclic fatigue resistance of the tested NiTi instruments cannot be adversely affected by NaOCl immersion and autoclave sterilization. Production process (TwistedFiles) or design (Twisted Files, FlexMaster, Mtwo and ProFile) of the instruments can influence their cyclic fatigue resistance.
Tomato GDSL1 Is Required for Cutin Deposition in the Fruit Cuticle[C][W]

This study analyzes the mechanism by which cutin is deposited. GDSL1, which belongs to the GDSL esterase/acylhydrolase family of plant proteins, is found to play a key role in cutin deposition during fruit cuticle development. The plant cuticle consists of cutin, a polyester of glycerol, hydroxyl, and epoxy fatty acids, covered and filled by waxes. While the biosynthesis of cutin building blocks is well documented, the mechanisms underlining their extracellular deposition remain unknown. Among the proteins extracted from dewaxed tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) peels, we identified GDSL1, a member of the GDSL esterase/acylhydrolase family of plant proteins. GDSL1 is strongly expressed in the epidermis of growing fruit. In GDSL1-silenced tomato lines, we observed a significant reduction in fruit cuticle thickness and a decrease in cutin monomer content proportional to the level of GDSL1 silencing. A significant decrease of wax load was observed only for cuticles of the severely silenced transgenic line. Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) analysis of isolated cutins revealed a reduction in cutin density in silenced lines. Indeed, FTIR-attenuated total reflectance spectroscopy and atomic force microscopy imaging showed that drastic GDSL1 silencing leads to a reduction in ester bond cross-links and to the appearance of nanopores in tomato cutins. Furthermore, immunolabeling experiments attested that GDSL1 is essentially entrapped in the cuticle proper and cuticle layer. These results suggest that GDSL1 is specifically involved in the extracellular deposition of the cutin polyester in the tomato fruit cuticle.
Approximate Counting of Graphical Realizations

In 1999 Kannan, Tetali and Vempala proposed a MCMC method to uniformly sample all possible realizations of a given graphical degree sequence and conjectured its rapidly mixing nature. Recently their conjecture was proved affirmative for regular graphs (by Cooper, Dyer and Greenhill, 2007), for regular directed graphs (by Greenhill, 2011) and for half-regular bipartite graphs (by Miklós, Erdős and Soukup, 2013). Several heuristics on counting the number of possible realizations exist (via sampling processes), and while they work well in practice, so far no approximation guarantees exist for such an approach. This paper is the first to develop a method for counting realizations with provable approximation guarantee. In fact, we solve a slightly more general problem; besides the graphical degree sequence a small set of forbidden edges is also given. We show that for the general problem (which contains the Greenhill problem and the Miklós, Erdős and Soukup problem as special cases) the derived MCMC process is rapidly mixing. Further, we show that this new problem is self-reducible therefore it provides a fully polynomial randomized approximation scheme (a.k.a. FPRAS) for counting of all realizations.
The Effectiveness of Technology-Based Strategies to Promote Engagement With Digital Interventions: A Systematic Review Protocol

Background Digital interventions provide effective and potentially cost-effective models for improving health outcomes as they deliver health information and services that are widely disseminated, confidential, and can be tailored to needs of the individual user. Digital interventions have been used successfully for health promotion, mental health, and for enabling self-management of long-term conditions. However, their effectiveness is limited by low usage rates, with non-engagement a major challenge. Hence, it is crucial to find effective strategies to increase user engagement with digital interventions. Objective This systematic review will aim to evaluate the effectiveness of technology-based strategies to promote engagement with digital interventions. Methods We will follow Cochrane Collaboration guidelines on systematic review methodology. The search strategy will be executed across seven e-databases (including MEDLINE, EMBASE, PsycINFO, CINAHL) using the concepts “digital intervention” and “engagement”, limited by study type (randomized controlled trial). Grey literature and reference lists of included studies will be searched. Titles and abstracts will be independently screened by 2 authors. Then the full text of potentially eligible papers will be obtained and double screened. Data from eligible papers will be extracted by 1 author and checked for accuracy by another author. Bias will be assessed using the Cochrane bias assessment tool. Narrative synthesis will report on all included studies, and where appropriate, data will be pooled using meta-analysis. All findings will be reported according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines. Sources of heterogeneity will be further investigated if required. Results Our research is in progress. The final draft of the systematic review is being written and will be submitted before the end of 2015. Conclusions The review findings will inform researchers and digital intervention providers about optimal use of technology-based strategies to promote engagement with digital interventions. Trial Registration PROSPERO International Prospective Register of Systematic Reviews: CRD42014010164; http://www.crd. york.ac. uk/PROSPERO/display_record. asp? ID=CRD42014010164#. VTZmmiFViko (Archived by WebCite at http://www.webcitation.org/6XxQC8fT8).
The Topology Change Attack: Threat and Impact

Peer to peer (P2P) network has received in past few years a significant at- tention, especially such file sharing network as eDonkey (Kulbak and Kirkpatrick, 2005) or BitTorrent (Cohen 2008). The shift from the classical client-server based paradigm of the Internet, with a clear distinction between information providers and consumers, towards consumers sharing information among each other led to the rise of the P2P paradigm. This distributed architecture, enables users to share content autonomously; Information remains at end-users' computers at the edge of the Internet and is not gathered and organized at central servers. While P2P has emerged as a new hot com- munication concept among the Internet users, security concerns still taking its first steps. The deployment of classic security protocols to provide services such as node authentication, content integrity or access control, presents several difficulties, most of them are due to the decentralized nature of these environments and the lack of cen- tral authorities. The fast emergence and the open nature of P2P applications, make appearing new attacks, so it is extremely important to study them and develop new counter measurements. Furthermore, existing studies focus on attacks that disrupt the overlay functioning and does not take in account their impact on ISPs (Internet Ser- vice Provider) infrastructure. In this paper, we present the Topology Change Attack (Abdelouahab et al. 2008) that harms the underlying networks (ISPs infrastructure) by unbalancing the P2P workload repartition. In order to evaluate and validate the TCA impact, we developed a new cycle-based simulator which simulates eDonkey clients hosted on different ISPs. The obtained results are very interesting and show the in- creasing of inter-ISPs traffic when a Topology Change Attack is conducted.
Comparison of the AIMS65 Score with Other Risk Stratification Scores in Upper Variceal and Nonvariceal Gastrointestinal Bleeding

To the Editor: The authors read with interest the article about the performance of three risk stratifying scores in patients with upper gastrointestinal bleeding (UGIB) applied in a Korean population, by Choe et al., recently published in Gut and Liver. UGIB is one of the most common emergencies for gastroenterologists, and, as previously discussed in the mentioned article, early risk stratification is important to determine priorities and define which patients benefit from early endoscopy and more aggressive clinical intervention. Although there are risk scores to predict clinical outcomes in UGIB, the most used being the Glasgow-Blatchford score (GBS), Rockall score (RS), and AIMS65 score (AIMS65), uncertainty still exists about the optimal score that could be uniformly applied in clinical practice. In addition, because most studies about risk scoring excluded patients with variceal bleeding, few data are available on the use of this scores in patients with variceal bleeding. We recently conducted a retrospective single-center study which compared the performance of three scoring systems (GBS, RS, and AIMS65) in Portuguese patients. The consecutive patients admitted to our institution’s emergency department with UGIB over a period of 12 months (between January 2016 and December 2016) were included. Both patients with variceal and nonvariceal bleeding were included. Two major endpoints were considered: (1) composite endpoint–need for any clinical intervention (transfusion, endoscopic therapy, surgery or radiological intervention) and (2) UGIB related mortality at 30 days after admission. The accuracy of each scoring system for the considered endpoints was calculated using the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUROC), with 95% confidence interval. Statistical analysis was performed on MedCalc statistical software (Medcalc Software, Mariakerke, Belgium). A total of 202 patients were included, the majority (75%)
Self-Knowledge Dim-Out: Stress Impairs Metacognitive Accuracy

Modulation of frontal lobes activity is believed to be an important pathway trough which the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis stress response impacts cognitive and emotional functioning. Here, we investigate the effects of stress on metacognition, which is the ability to monitor and control one's own cognition. As the frontal lobes have been shown to play a critical role in metacognition, we predicted that under activation of the HPA axis, participants should be less accurate in the assessment of their own performances in a perceptual decision task, irrespective of the effect of stress on the first order perceptual decision itself. To test this prediction, we constituted three groups of high, medium and low stress responders based on cortisol concentration in saliva in response to a standardized psycho-social stress challenge (the Trier Social Stress Test). We then assessed the accuracy of participants' confidence judgments in a visual discrimination task. As predicted, we found that high biological reactivity to stress correlates with lower sensitivity in metacognition. In sum, participants under stress know less when they know and when they do not know.
Effect of food restriction on reproductive-related genes and reproductive hormones in adult female rats.

OBJECTIVES A number of factors involved in the control of energy balance and metabolism act as modulators of gonadal axis. Ghrelin, a peptide secreted from the stomach and hypothalamus, has emerged as an orexigenic food intake controlling signal acting upon hypothalamus. Recently, the potential reproductive role of ghrelin has received great attention. This study was designed to investigate the influence of food restriction and consequent metabolic hormone (ghrelin) on the level and gene expression of female reproductive hormones in adult rats. MATERIALS AND METHODS To study the effect of chronic food restriction on ghrelin level in adult female rats and its relation to female reproductive hormones, 32 adult female Sprague Dawley rats divided into 4 groups: Group I (control group) comprised 8 rats fed ad libitum for 30 days, Group II, III and IV (food-restricted groups for 10, 20 and 30 days respectively) each consisted of 8 rats fed 50% of ad libitum intake determined by the amount of food consumed by the control group. RESULTS Mean body weight of food restricted rats was observed to decrease during the period of the experiment. Food restriction produced significant increase of serum ghrelin with significant decrease of both gastric and hypothalamic ghrelin accompanied with significant increase in its gene expression in stomach and hypothalamus. Estradiol (E2), follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) and luteinizing hormone (LH) levels showed significant decrease correlated with down-regulation of gonadotropins, cyclin-dependent kinase (cdc2), cyclin B and kisspeptin (Kiss1) genes in food restricted rats compared with control group. CONCLUSIONS Ghrelin could be one of the hormones responsible for the suppression of female reproductive axis in case of negative energy balance. Thus, ghrelin may operate as an autocrine/paracrine regulator of ovarian function. Overall, ghrelin may represent an additional link between body weight homeostasis and reproductive function.
A FPGA IMPLEMENTATION ON SKIN CANCER DETECTION USING TDLS ALGORITHM

Melanoma is one of the deadliest forms of skin cancer if it is left untreated. Incidence rates of melanoma have been increasing, especially among adults, but survival rates are high if detected early. The time and costs required for the patients to go for dermatologist for melanoma are prohibitively expensive. One challenge in implementing such a system is locating the skin lesion in the digital image. The goal of this paper is to develop a framework that automatically correct and segment the skin lesion from an input photograph. The first part of this paper is to model illumination variation using a proposed multi-stage illumination modelling algorithm and then using that model to correct the original photograph. Second, a set of representative texture distributions are learned from the corrected photograph and texture distinctiveness metric is calculated for each distribution. Finally, a texture-based segmentation algorithm classifies regions in the photograph as normal skin or lesion based on the occurrence of representative texture distributions. The resulting segmentation can be used as an input to separate feature extraction and melanoma classification algorithms.
Was the Cold War a Security Dilemma?

Under the security dilemma, tensions and conflicts can arise between states even when they do not intend them. Some analysts have argued that the Cold War was a classic example of a security dilemma. This article disputes that notion. Although the Cold War contained elements of a deep security dilemma, it was not purely a case in which tensions and arms increased as each side defensively reacted to the other. The root of the conflict was a clash of social systems and of ideological preferences for ordering the world. Mutual security in those circumstances was largely unachievable. A true end to the Cold War was impossible until fundamental changes occurred in Soviet foreign policy.
Development of cell surface linkage complexes in cultured fibroblasts

The possible role of a 140K membrane-associated protein complex (140K) in fibronectin-cytoskeleton associations has been examined. The 140K was identified by the monoclonal antibody JG22E. Monoclonal and polyclonal antibodies to the 140K showed identical patterns of binding to the cell membranes of fixed and permeabilized chicken embryonic fibroblasts; localization was diffuse, but with marked concentration in cell-to-extracellular matrix contact sites. Correlative localization with interference reflection microscopy and double-label or triple- label immunofluorescence showed that 140K co-distributed with extracellular fibronectin fibrils and intracellular alpha-actinin in microfilament bundles at extracellular matrix contact sites but tended not to co-localize with tropomyosin present in bundles at sites farther from adhesion sites. In addition, binding of antibodies to 140K, alpha- actinin, and fibronectin was excluded from vinculin-rich focal adhesion sites at the cellular periphery. A progressive development of cell surface alpha-actinin-140K-fibronectin associations was observed in early spreading cells. The anti-140K monoclonal antibody JG22E inhibited the attachment and spreading of both normal and Rous sarcoma virus-transformed chicken embryonic fibroblasts to a fibronectin substratum. However, the anti-140K monoclonal antibody became a positive mediator of cell attachment and spreading if it was adsorbed or cross-linked to the substratum. Our results provide the first description of a membrane-associated protein complex that co-localizes with fibronectin and microfilament bundles, and they suggest that the 140K complex may be part of a cell surface linkage between fibronectin and the cytoskeleton.
Efficient Parsing for Head-Split Dependency Trees

Head splitting techniques have been successfully exploited to improve the asymptotic runtime of parsing algorithms for projective dependency trees, under the arc-factored model. In this article we extend these techniques to a class of non-projective dependency trees, called well-nested dependency trees with block-degree at most 2, which has been previously investigated in the literature. We define a structural property that allows head splitting for these trees, and present two algorithms that improve over the runtime of existing algorithms at no significant loss in coverage.
Kinetic trajectory simulation method for the multi-component magnetized plasma sheath

Using kinetic theory, the magnetized plasma sheath characteristics with two species of positive ions has been investigated. This work is based on the assumption that the electrons and both ions have cut-off Maxwellian distribution at the sheath entrance. In order to couple the presheath-sheath interface parameters, the 1d3v kinetic coupling equations are used. The most fundamental kinetic Bohm’s condition has been derived for the plasma consisting of two singly charged positive ions. It is found that the presence of a second ion species affects the amplitude of velocity distribution functions of both ion species at the sheath entrance as well as at the wall. The magnitude of cut-off and Maxwellian maximum velocities has same value at the sheath entrance whereas its value increases at the wall by increasing the concentration of the second ion species. Although ion and electron fluxes decrease towards the sheath region, both fluxes attain equal at the wall. In addition, it is shown that the self-consistent potential profile monotonically decreases towards the wall. The cut-off Maxwellian velocity distribution of electrons cause to deviate our simulation results from the theoretical results is less than 0.2% in magnitude.
q-Translations on quantum spaces

Attention is focused on quantum spaces of particular importance in physics, i.e. two-dimensional quantum plane, q-deformed Euclidean space in three or four dimensions, and q-deformed Minkowski space. Each of these quantum spaces can be combined with its symmetry algebra to form a Hopf algebra. The Hopf structures on quantum space coordinates imply their translation. This article is devoted to the question how to calculate translations on the quantum spaces under consideration.
Who Will Experience the Most Alcohol Problems in College? The Roles of Middle and High School Drinking Tendencies.

BACKGROUND Previous work examining college drinking tendencies has identified a disproportionately small (20%), but uniquely high-risk group of students who experience nearly 50% of the reported alcohol-related consequences (i.e., the multiple repeated consequences, or MRC, group). With the goal of reducing drinking-related consequences later in college, this study sought to identify potential MRC group members in their first semester by examining: (i) early-risk subgroups based on analysis of early-risk screening constructs (e.g., age of drinking onset, middle school alcohol exposure, high school drinking, and consequences); and (ii) their association with MRC criteria early in the first semester of college. METHODS A random sample of 2,021 first-year college student drinkers (56% female) completed a web-based drinking survey in their first semester on campus. RESULTS Latent class analysis revealed 4 early-risk subgroups: (i) an early-onset risk group who endorsed early age of drinking onset and engaged in heavy middle and high school drinking (10%); (ii) a late-onset risk group who engaged in weekend drinking and drunkenness and experienced 6 or more unique consequences as seniors in high school (32%); (iii) an early-onset limited risk group who only endorsed early age of onset and middle school drinking (3%); and (iv) a minimal risk group who did not engage in any early-risk behaviors (55%). Members of both the early- and late-onset risk groups had significantly higher odds of MRC membership in their first semester of college (9.85 and 6.79 greater, respectively). CONCLUSIONS Results suggest age of onset, middle and high school drinking and drunkenness, and frequency of unique consequences could be particularly useful in brief screening tools. Further, findings support early screening and prevention efforts for MRC membership prior to college matriculation.