Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
PROPOSAL TO THE NATIONAL SCIENCE FOUNDATION

each core discipline: later new scholars discussion with Immersion in-depth learning, discussion, application of methods workshops. Synthetic products being produced postdocs. program goals scholars methodological research and the (CEQ). The subsequent from the CEQ related to and federal decision making. Another project, spatial data and analysis to understand the human impacts of ocean acidification,” consisting of 8 academics and 13 knowledge users, published a study in Nature Climate Change (Ekstrom, Suatoni, Cooley, Pendleton 2015) that similarly produced research that could inform more specific policy questions. The authors presented a spatially explicit, multidisciplinary vulnerability analysis of coastal human communities in the U.S. highlighting regions most vulnerable to ocean acidification. They also provided knowledge and information gaps relevant to local adaptation options. The team worked closely with managers and policy makers to enhance project relevance for decision making. The project yielded input to several policies, such as a decision by the federal Ocean Acidification Program at NOAA to establish an RFP for regional vulnerability assessments with respect to ocean acidification.
Journal of Computer Languages

Program traces are a widely used representation for explaining the dynamic behavior of programs. They help to make sense of computations and also support the location and elimination of bugs. Unfortunately, program traces can grow quite big very quickly, even for small programs, which compromises their usefulness. In this paper we present a visual notation for program traces that supports their concise representation. We explain the design decisions of the notation and compare it in detail with several alternatives. An important part of the trace representation is its flexibility and adaptability, which allows users to transform traces by applying filters that capture common abstractions for trace representations. We also present an evaluation of the trace notation and filters on a set of standard examples. The results show that our representation can reduce the overall size of traces by at least 79%, which suggests that our notation is an effective improvement over the use of plain traces in the explanation of dynamic program behavior.
ASYMPTOTIC FOLIATIONS OF QUASI-HOMOGENEOUS CONVEX AFFINE DOMAINS

In this paper, we prove that the automorphism group of a quasi-homogeneous properly convex aﬃne domain in R n acts transitively on the set of all the extreme points of the domain. This set is equal to the set of all the asymptotic cone points coming from the asymptotic foliation of the domain and thus it is a homogeneous submanifold of R n .
Focal transcranial direct current stimulation of auditory cortex in chronic tinnitus: A randomized controlled mechanistic trial

Objective: The goal of this pilot MRI study was to understand how focal transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) targeting auditory cortex changes brain function in chronic tinnitus. Methods: People with chronic tinnitus were randomized to active or sham tDCS on five consecutive days in this pilot mechanistic trial (n=10/group). Focal 4x1 tDCS (central anode, surround cathodes) targeted left auditory cortex, with single-blind 2mA current during twenty-minute sessions. Arterial spin-labeled and blood oxygenation level dependent MRI occurred immediately before and after the first tDCS session, and tinnitus symptoms were measured starting one week before the first tDCS session and through four weeks after the final session. Results: Acute increases in cerebral blood flow and functional connectivity were noted in auditory cortex after the first active tDCS session. Reduced tinnitus loudness ratings after the final tDCS session correlated with acute change in functional connectivity between an auditory network and mediodorsal thalamus and prefrontal cortex. Reduced tinnitus intrusiveness also correlated with acute change in connectivity between precuneus and an auditory network. Conclusions: Focal auditory-cortex tDCS can influence function in thalamus, auditory, and prefrontal cortex, which may associate with improved tinnitus. Significance: With future refinement, noninvasive brain stimulation targeting auditory cortex could become a viable intervention for tinnitus.
Estimating disease heritability from complex pedigrees allowing for ascertainment and covariates

We propose TetraHer, a method for estimating the liability heritability of binary phenotypes. TetraHer has five key features. Firstly, it can be applied to data from complex pedigrees, that contain multiple types of relationships. Secondly, it can correct for ascertainment of cases or controls. Thirdly, it can accommodate covariates. Fourthly, it can model the contribution of common environment. Fifthly, it produces a likelihood, that can be used for significance testing. We first demonstrate the validity of TetraHer on simulated data. We then use TetraHer to estimate liability heritability for 229 codes from the tenth International Classification of Diseases (ICD-10). We identify 118 codes with significant heritability (P<0.05/229), which can be used in future analyses for investigating the genetic architecture of human diseases.
On eigenvalue problems arising from nonlocal diffusion models

We aim at saying as much as possible about the spectra of three classes of linear diffusion operators involving nonlocal terms. In all but one cases, we characterize the minimum \begin{document} $λ_p$ \end{document} of the real part of the spectrum in two max-min fashions, and prove that in most cases \begin{document} $λ_p$ \end{document} is an eigenvalue with a corresponding positive eigenfunction, and is algebraically simple and isolated; we also prove that the maximum principle holds if and only if \begin{document} $λ_p>0$ \end{document} (in most cases) or \begin{document} $≥ 0$ \end{document} (in one case). We prove these results by an elementary method based on the strong maximum principle, rather than resorting to Krein-Rutman theory as did in the previous papers. In one case when it is impossible to characterize \begin{document} $λ_p$ \end{document} in the max-min fashion, we supply a complete description of the whole spectrum.
The role of social support and social identification on challenge and threat cognitive appraisals, perceived stress, and life satisfaction in workplace employees

There is an emergent literature highlighting the positive role of social support and social identification in buffering against the deleterious effects of psychological stressors. Yet, we have limited understanding of how exactly these social factors fit within contemporary stress and coping theory. To advance and gain a greater understanding of these social factors, we explore the associations of social support and social identification on individuals’ challenge and threat cognitive appraisals and how this then relates to perceived stress, life satisfaction, turnover intentions, and job performance. A total of 412 workplace employees from private and public sector occupations completed state measures around a recent most stressful experience at work. Results revealed atemporal associations between cognitive resource appraisals with both social support and social identification. Specifically, greater identification with colleagues and lower threat were related to less perceived stress, while having greater social identification (with colleagues and organisation), social support, and lower threat, were related to greater life satisfaction. Greater perceived stress, and lower social identification and life satisfaction, were also related to greater turnover intentions. While greater identification with the organisation and life satisfaction, along with lower perceived stress were related to greater job performance. Taken together, this research provides evidence that social support and social identification play a positive role when trying to promote more adaptive responses to stressful situations.
Cognitive performance is linked to fitness in a wild primate

Cognitive performance varies widely across animal species, but the processes underlying cognitive evolution remain poorly known. For cognitive abilities to evolve, performance must be linked to individual fitness benefits, but these links have been rarely studied in primates even though they exceed most other mammals in these traits. We subjected 198 wild gray mouse lemurs to four cognitive and two personality tests and subsequently monitored their survival in a mark-recapture study. Our study revealed that survival was predicted by individual variation in cognitive performance as well as body mass and exploration. Because cognitive performance covaried negatively with exploration, individuals gathering more accurate information enjoyed better cognitive performance and lived longer, but so did heavier and more explorative individuals. These effects may reflect a speed-accuracy trade-off, with alternative strategies yielding similar overall fitness. The observed intraspecific variation in selective benefits of cognitive performance, if heritable, can provide the basis for the evolution of cognitive abilities in members of our lineage.
Modelling underreported spatio-temporal crime events

Crime observations are one of the principal inputs used by governments for designing citizens’ security strategies. However, crime measurements are obscured by underreporting biases, resulting in the so-called “dark figure of crime”. This work studies the possibility of recovering “true” crime and underreported incident rates over time using sequentially available daily data. For this, a novel underreporting model of spatiotemporal events based on the combinatorial multi-armed bandit framework was proposed. Through extensive simulations, the proposed methodology was validated for identifying the fundamental parameters of the proposed model: the “true” rates of incidence and underreporting of events. Once the proposed model was validated, crime data from a large city, Bogotá (Colombia), was used to estimate the “true” crime and underreporting rates. Our results suggest that this methodology could be used to rapidly estimate the underreporting rates of spatiotemporal events, which is a critical problem in public policy design.
Experimental probe of twist angle–dependent band structure of on-chip optical bilayer photonic crystal

Recently, twisted bilayer photonic materials have been extensively used for creating and studying photonic tunability through interlayer couplings. While twisted bilayer photonic materials have been experimentally demonstrated in microwave regimes, a robust platform for experimentally measuring optical frequencies has been elusive. Here, we demonstrate the first on-chip optical twisted bilayer photonic crystal with twist angle–tunable dispersion and great simulation-experiment agreement. Our results reveal a highly tunable band structure of twisted bilayer photonic crystals due to moiré scattering. This work opens the door to realizing unconventional twisted bilayer properties and novel applications in optical frequency regimes.
The Largest Bond in 3-Connected Graphs

A graph G is connected if given any two vertices, there is a path between them. A bond B is a minimal edge set in G such that G − B has more components than G. We say that a connected graph is dual Hamiltonian if its largest bond has size |E(G)|−|V (G)|+2. In this thesis we verify the conjecture that any simple 3-connected graph G has a largest bond with size at least Ω(nlog32) (Ding, Dziobiak, Wu, 2015 [3]) for a variety of graph classes including planar graphs, complete graphs, ladders, Mo bius ladders and circular ladders, complete bipartite graphs, some unique (3,g)- cages, the generalized Petersen graph, and some small hypercubes. We will also go further to prove that a variety of these graph classes not only satisfy the conjecture, but are also dual Hamiltonian.
A magnetic skyrmion diode based on potential well inducting effect

Magnetic skyrmions have great potential in the application of spintronic devices due to their stable topologically protected spin configuration. To meet the needs of spintronic device design, it is necessary to manipulate the movement of the magnetic skyrmions. Here we propose a skyrmion diode based on potential well induced skyrmion motion through theoretical calculations. The potential well is generated by the voltage-controlled magnetic anisotropy (VCMA) gradient. By utilizing the induction of the potential well as well as the skyrmion Hall effect (SkHE), the velocity and trajectory of the skyrmions can be controlled and the forward pass and reverse cutoff functions of diode-like devices have been realized. Furthermore, we report the dynamics of current-driven skyrmions in a racetrack with locally applied VCMA. Under the influence of the SkHE, the difference in dynamic behavior between forward and reverse motion of the skyrmions is obvious, and the potential well can produce different pinning, depinning and annihilating effects on forward and reverse moving skyrmions. Our results can be beneficial for the design and development of magnetic skyrmion diodes.
Probability density estimation on a high-dimensional space using random tessellations

Probability density estimation on a high dimensional observation space can be performed in a variety of ways. The framework that is developed is to construct a tessellation of the d-dimensional support for a probability density using some or all of the available d-dimensional observations as vertices of the tessellation. The elements of the tessellation are d-dimensional Delaunay minimum tiles. A class of probability density estimators is then developed on the d-dimensional tessellation. This class of estimators is shown to be consistent, provided the support for the probability density is convex and all elements of the tessellation have a positive probability estimate, given a set of observations. An algorithm is then presented that constructs a d-dimensional tessellation of Delaunay minimum tiles in an efficient manner. An algorithm is then presented for computing a probability density estimate given a d-dimensional tessellation. The framework for probability density estimation that is developed is less data intensive than binning methods. It is also more computationally tractable than the kernel density estimation framework on high dimensional observation spaces.
High Prevalence of Pantoea spp. in Microbiota Associated with the Sorghum Plant Bug Stenotus rubrovittatus (Heteroptera: Miridae)

The sorghum plant bug, Stenotus rubrovittatus (order Heteroptera: family Miridae), is a notorious insect pest in Japan that causes pecky rice. In the present study, we sampled this insect pest in the northern part of Honshu Island in Japan and investigated its associated microbiota. The results obtained showed that Pantoea dominated the associated microbiota and was the sole genus detected in all samples. The dominant Pantoea were phylogenetically close to rice pathogens. The present results suggest that the sorghum plant bug needs to be regarded and controlled not only as a notorious insect pest, but also as a potential vector of rice pathogenic Pantoea spp.
Place of Death for Young Adults With Chronic Illness

Background Little is known about where young adults with chronic illness die in the United States and factors associated with place of death. Objectives This study aimed to examine place of death and factors associated with place of death for young adults with chronic illness using the most recent national data. Methods Our sample (N = 405,535) from the National Center for Health Statistics Division of Vital Statistics death certificate data (2003–2018) included young adults (age 18–39 years) who died from chronic conditions common in childhood or young adulthood. Conditions were grouped by underlying pathophysiology (oncological, cardiovascular, neuromuscular, metabolic, hematological/immunological, renal, chromosomal/congenital, gastrointestinal, and respiratory). Place of death was dichotomized into acute care (inpatient, outpatient/emergency room, and dead on arrival) or nonacute care (home, hospice, nursing home/long-term care, other, and unknown). Examined factors were gender, year of death, age, race (White, Black, Asian/Pacific Islander, American Indian/Alaskan Native), cause of death, and city of residence population (100,000 or greater and under 100,000). Descriptive statistics and logistic regression were used to examine factors related to place of death. Results Over half of young adults died in acute care settings. Young adults who were Asian/Pacific Islander or Black or who died from a respiratory or renal cause of death were most likely to die in an acute care setting. Rates of acute care death decreased over the studied years. Discussion Many young adults died in an acute care setting. Race and cause of death were the most influential factors associated with place of death. Young adults with an oncological cause of death were less likely to die in an acute care setting than patients with other underlying causes. This may indicate that specific care needs or preferences at the end of life may differ in certain disease populations and may affect place of death. Previous research has shown similar results in other developmental populations; however, given the complex psychosocial concerns that often arise during young adulthood, further research is needed to describe how the young adult status may specifically affect place of death.
Coupling Load-Following Stability with OPF

In this paper, the optimal power flow (OPF) problem is augmented to account for the costs associated with the load-following stability of a power network. Load-following stability costs are expressed through the linear quadratic regulator (LQR). The power network is described by a set of nonlinear differential algebraic equations (DAEs). By linearizing the DAEs around a known equilibrium, a linearized OPF that accounts for steady-state operational constraints is formulated first. This linearized OPF is then augmented by a set of linear matrix inequalities that are algebraically equivalent to the implementation of an LQR controller. The resulting formulation, termed LQR-OPF, is a semidefinite program which furnishes optimal steady-state setpoints and an optimal feedback law to steer the system to a new steady state with minimum stability costs. Numerical tests demonstrate that the setpoints computed by LQR-OPF result in lower overall costs and frequency deviations compared to the setpoints of a scheme where OPF and load-following stability are considered separately.
Quality of Tissue Samples Obtained by Endoscopic Ultrasound-Guided Liver Biopsy: A Randomized, Controlled Clinical Trial

INTRODUCTION: Liver biopsy (LB) remains essential for the diagnosis and staging of parenchymal liver diseases. Endoscopic ultrasound-guided LB (EUS-LB) has emerged as an attractive alternative to percutaneous and transjugular routes. We aimed at comparing the adequacy of samples obtained by EUS-LB with percutaneous LB. METHODS: A single-center, randomized, controlled clinical trial was designed. Patients undergoing LB were randomly assigned to EUS-LB or percutaneous LB groups. EUS-LB was performed with a 19-gauge Franseen core needle through a transduodenal and transgastric route. Percutaneous LB was performed with a 16-gauge Tru-Cut needle. The main outcome was the percentage of adequate samples obtained. Secondary outcomes were the percentage of accurate histologic diagnosis, number of complete portal tracts (CPT), total and longest specimen length (TSL and LSL), sample fragmentation, adverse events, and patients' satisfaction. An adequate specimen was defined as TSL ≥20 mm and including ≥11 CPT. RESULTS: Ninety patients were randomized (44 to EUS-LB and 46 to percutaneous LB) and included in the analysis. The percentage of adequate tissue samples was 32.6% and 70.4% for percutaneous LB and EUS-LB, respectively (P < 0.001). A final histologic diagnosis was provided in all cases but one. TSL was longer after EUS-LB (23.5 vs 17.5 mm, P = 0.01), whereas the number of CPT was similar in both groups. Sample fragmentation occurred more often after EUS-LB (P < 0.001). No differences in adverse events were found. Satisfaction reported with both procedures was high. DISCUSSION: EUS-LB is safe and accurate and may be considered an alternative to percutaneous LB for the evaluation of parenchymal liver diseases.
Evaluation of Culture Conducive to Academic Success by Gender at a Comprehensive Cancer Center

Abstract Introduction The primary objective of this study was to determine whether workplace culture in academic oncology differed by gender, during the COVID-19 pandemic. Materials and Methods We used the Culture Conducive to Women’s Academic Success (CCWAS), a validated survey tool, to investigate the academic climate at an NCI-designated Cancer Center. We adapted the CCWAS to be applicable to people of all genders. The full membership of the Cancer Center was surveyed (total faculty = 429). The questions in each of 4 CCWAS domains (equal access to opportunities, work-life balance, freedom from gender bias, and leadership support) were scored using a 5-point Likert scale. Median score and interquartile ranges for each domain were calculated. Results A total of 168 respondents (men = 58, women = 106, n = 4 not disclosed) submitted survey responses. The response rate was 39% overall and 70% among women faculty. We found significant differences in perceptions of workplace culture by gender, both in responses to individual questions and in the overall score in the following domains: equal access to opportunities, work-life balance, and leader support, and in the total score for the CCWAS. Conclusions Our survey is the first of its kind completed during the COVID-19 pandemic at an NCI-designated Cancer Center, in which myriad factors contributed to burnout and workplace challenges. These results point to specific issues that detract from the success of women pursuing careers in academic oncology. Identifying these issues can be used to design and implement solutions to improve workforce culture, mitigate gender bias, and retain faculty.