Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Transport Phenomena in Films and Coatings Including Their Mathematical Modeling

In the present chapter, two examples related to transport phenomena in films and coatings are discussed. One of them represents the heat and mass transfer process in fried foods that were covered with an edible coating based on methylcellulose (MC). This is an alternative to reduce oil uptake (OU) in fried foods due to its lipid-barrier properties. The following aspects are discussed: (1) mathematical modeling of heat and moisture transfer during the deep-fat frying of food, (2) experimental validation of the mathematical model with regard to the temperature profiles and the water losses from the food product, (3) analysis of the relationship between the OU measurements and microstructural changes developed, and (4) performance of applying an edible coating based on MC on a food model dough system. The mathematical model of the frying process based on the numerical solution of the heat and mass transfer differential equations under unsteady-state conditions was proposed and solved. It allows simulating satisfactorily the experimental data of temperature and water content during the different frying stages. OU was also linearly correlated with water loss at the initial frying stage. A simple equation for OU as a function of frying times was proposed, considering the microstructural changes developed during the frying process. The presence of MC coating reduced the OU, modifying the wetting properties and also becoming a mechanical barrier to the oil. The second example represents the mathematical modeling of potassium sorbate release from a starch biodegradable active film to a model food system represented by a gel in contact with the active film. Mass transfer partial differential equations in nonstationary conditions were numerically solved using the finite element method. The model assumes a constant initial mass of antimicrobial in the active film that diffuses through the film penetrating in the food system. The numerical solution allowed the determination of the diffusion coefficients of the antimicrobial agent in both, the film and the gel. Concentration profiles were simulated to predict the time period in which the antimicrobial concentration can be maintained above the critical inhibitory concentration in the packaged food.
Weak behaviours and programming assumptions

Concurrency is pervasive and perplexing, particularly on graphics processing units (GPUs). Current specifications of languages and hardware are inconclusive; thus programmers often rely on folklore assumptions when writing software. To remedy this state of affairs, we conducted a large empirical study of the concurrent behaviour of deployed GPUs. Armed with litmus tests (i.e. short concurrent programs), we questioned the assumptions in programming guides and vendor documentation about the guarantees provided by hardware. We developed a tool to generate thousands of litmus tests and run them under stressful workloads. We observed a litany of previously elusive weak behaviours, and exposed folklore beliefs about GPU programming—often supported by official tutorials—as false. As a way forward, we propose a model of Nvidia GPU hardware, which correctly models every behaviour witnessed in our experiments. The model is a variant of SPARC Relaxed Memory Order (RMO), structured following the GPU concurrency hierarchy.
radiocarbon dating of mortar: The case study of the medieval

The carbon dioxide forming the binder during the set of a lime mortar reflects the atmospheric 14 C content at the time of construction of a building. For this reason, the 14 C dating of mortars is used with increasing frequencies in archaeological and architectural research. Mortars, however, may also contain carbonaceous contaminants potentially affecting radiocarbon dating. The Centre for Isotopic Research on Cultural and Environmental heritage (CIRCE) of the Second University of Naples (SUN) has recently obtained some promising results in mortar radiocarbon dating thanks to the development of a procedure (i
Spatially explicit risk assessment of marine megafauna vulnerability to Indian Ocean tuna fisheries

By-catch is the most significant direct threat marine megafauna face at the global scale. However, the magnitude and spatial patterns of megafauna by-catch are still poorly understood, especially in regions with very limited monitoring and expanding fisheries. The Indian Ocean is a globally important region for megafauna biodiversity and for tuna fisheries, but has limited by-catch data. Anecdotal and scattered information indicates high by-catch could be a major threat. Here, we adapt a Productivity Susceptibility Analysis tool designed for data-poor contexts to present the first spatially explicit estimates of by-catch risk of sea turtles, elasmobranchs, and cetaceans in the three major tuna fishing gears (purse seines, longlines, and drift gill nets). Our assessment highlights a potential opportunity for multi-taxa conservation benefits by concentrating management efforts in particular coastal regions. Most coastal waters in the northern Indian Ocean, including countries that have had a minimal engagement with regional management bodies, stand out as high risk for fisheries interactions. In addition to species known to occur in tuna gears, we find high vulnerability to multiple gear types for many poorly known elasmobranchs that do not fall under any existing conservation and management measures. Our results indicate that current by-catch mitigation measures, which focus on safe-release practices, are unlikely to adequately reduce the substantial cumulative fishing impacts on vulnerable species. Preventative solutions that reduce interactions with non-target species (such as closed areas or seasons, or modifications to gear and fishing tactics) are crucial for alleviating risks to megafauna from fisheries.
Implications of plant acclimation for future climate-carbon cycle feedbacks

The response of land ecosystems to climate change and associated feedbacks are a key uncertainty in future climate prediction (Friedlingstein et al. 2006). However global models generally do not account for the acclimation of plant physiological processes to increased temperatures. Here we conduct a first global sensitivity study whereby we modify the Joint UK land Environment Simulator (JULES) to account for temperature acclimation of two main photosynthetic parameters, Vcmax and Jmax (Kattge and Knorr 2007) and plant respiration (Atkin and Tjoelker 2003). The model is then applied over the 21st Century within the IMOGEN framework (Huntingford et al. 2004). Model simulations will provide new and improved projections of biogeochemical cycling, forest resilience, and thus more accurate projections of climate-carbon cycle feedbacks and the future evolution of the Earth System.
Towards a network of observatories in terrestrial environmental research

Abstract. In order to address the challenges of global change, interdisciplinary research in terrestrial environmental science is of great importance. Several environmental research networks have already been established in order to monitor, analyse and predict the impact of global change on different compartments and/or matter cycles of the environment. Typically these environmental research networks have focused on specific research questions, and compartments, such as CarboEurope, FLUXNET and ILTER. In this paper, we propose the establishment of a network of terrestrial observatories, defined as a system consisting of the subsurface environment, the land surface including the biosphere, the lower atmosphere and the anthroposphere. Hydrological units will be used as the basic scaling units in a hierarchy of evolving scales and structures ranging from the local scale to the regional scale for multi-disciplinary process studies. Although terrestrial systems are extremely complex, the terrestrial component in most process-based climate and biosphere models is typically represented in a very conceptual and often rudimentary way. Remedying this deficiency is therefore one of the most important challenges in environmental and terrestrial research, and we suggest that terrestrial observatories could be an important step towards a new quality in environmental and terrestrial research.
Complements from the Built Environment : A review of 2 CPS-enabled Smart Buildings for Cognitively Declined Occupants

1 Intelligence Complements from the Built Environment: A review of 2 CPS-enabled Smart Buildings for Cognitively Declined Occupants 3 4 Saeid Alimoradi a, Xinghua Gao b* 5 a Ph.D. Student, Myers-Lawson School of Construction, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State 6 University, 1345 Perry Street, Blacksburg, VA, USA, 24061; e-mail: salimora@vt.edu 7 b* Assistant Professor, Myers-Lawson School of Construction, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and 8 State University, 1345 Perry Street, Blacksburg, VA, USA, 24061; e-mail: xinghua@vt.edu
Components and Strategies for Personalized Learning in Higher Education: A Systematic Review

Disruptive technology has inﬂuenced education worldwide, particularly during the COVID-19 pandemic. Notably, the compelling rise and massive changes in the e-learning industry have shifted education due to technological advancement. Also, in Industrial Revolution 4.0 (digitalization), the virtual learning environment has mushroomed as everything goes digital through MOOCs, gamiﬁcation, mobile learning, social learning, wearable learning, and personalized learning. This way, teachers can personalize instruction based on each student’s skills and learning style. This article systematically and critically synthesizes empirical research from 40 studies published between 2011 and 2021 to depict the complex nexus of personalized learning in higher education. The studies’ descriptive statistics reviewed included the research designs, participant characteristics, and settings. Then, the ﬁndings of the qualitative content analysis indicate the major themes. The inclusive criteria were grounded on (1) peer-reviewed studies, (2) studies concerning personalized learning in higher education contexts, and (3) studies published within the last ten years. Google Scholar, one of the most popular web-based databases, was used to search for these articles. It links to other web-based databases, such as Proquest, ERIC, and the websites of journal publishers. In the corpus of forty studies, case studies in non-EFL departments were the most preferred study design for personalized learning research in higher education. Besides, this systematic review revealed four prevalent ﬁndings indeﬁningpersonalizedlearning,underpinningtheories,andidentifyingpersonal-izedlearningcomponentsandstrategies.Thisstudyshowshowearlystudieswere doneandhowtheyrelatetofutureresearchandpractice,especiallytheresearch gap.
Bargaining: Monopoly Power versus Union Power

This book tackles the difficult subject of wage determination in the labor markets of highly unionized and concentrated industries where the standard models of competition, monopoly, and monopolistic competition do not apply. It attempts to bridge the gap between untested, abstract bargaining models and empirical studies that relate wages to "bargaining variables" without the benefit of formal theory. To do this, the study derives a wage equation from a bargaining model and then tests this equation on data for manufacturing industries in the United States, drawing conclusions that have important implications for income distribution and for the analysis of union-nonunion wage differentials.The study presents a survey of bargaining theories, selects one that is most applicable--Nash's theory of bargaining--and from it constructs a model of the firm under bilateral monopoly (the situation in which one employer faces one union and both are price setters rather than price takers). Assumptions are made concerning the product demand curve, production function, capital supply, supply of union members, and the utility functions of the employer and the union. These assumptions plus two hypotheses from Nash's theory determine the wage rate, employment, capital stock, output, price and profits under bilateral monopoly. The comparative statics of this model are examined.The bargaining wage equation derived from the Nash bilateral monopoly model is then tested on data for several manufacturing industries. Variable construction is discussed, and results of estimation and tests are reported. For example, this wage equation can be interpreted as a Phillips curve to which "bargaining variables" have been added. When estimates of the wage equation were compared to estimates of a simple Phillips curve without these bargaining variables, the equation explained the quarterly movement of average hourly earnings in the test industries better than the simple Phillips curve, i.e., bargaining variables that were carefully derived from a formal theory of bargaining significantly reduced unexplained variance.Finally, the book provides a much-needed theoretical basis for examining the influence of product market forces on wages and for analyzing union-nonunion relative wages.
Effect of Benefits, Convenience, Risk, Income on Purchase Decisions Using Shopee Paylater

: A new digital payment system was developed as a result of the rapid development of technology and the internet in Indonesia. Financial technology (fintech) is one of the technological advances in the increasingly widespread Indonesian financial sector. The research was conducted with the aim of analyzing the relationship between perceived benefits, perceived convenience, risk, and income on purchasing decisions using a shopee paylater. The research model uses a causal research design. The population in this study are all customers who use the Shopee Paylater application in DKI Jakarta whose exact location is unknown. The technique used in selecting the sample is purposive sampling. By determining the criteria data, characteristics, and appropriate characteristics. The minimum number of samples in this study is 135 respondents. Researchers used IBM SPSS Statistics 26 software to analyze descriptive characteristics and SmartPLS 3.3 software to measure research data using the Partial Least Square (PLS) method. The results show that benefits and convenience have a positive and significant effect on purchasing decisions. However, risk and income have a positive but not significant effect on purchasing decisions.
Towards a Visual Simultaneous Localization and Mapping system for computationally constrained systems

Due to the lack of global positioning systems on space exploration missions, robotic exploration missions such as the Mars Exploration Rovers (MER) had to rely on relative localization techniques such as visual odometry (VO) to estimate the robot position in an unknown environment. Unfortunately, the error of VO grows superlinearly with the distance travelled. Future robotic planetary exploration missions such as sample retrieval and in-situ resource utilization will require more accurate localization techniques such as Simultaneous Localization and Mapping (SLAM) to reduce the error in motion estimation and achieve the science goals. One of the main reasons why SLAM techniques are not being used in robotic exploration missions is their computational cost. The computer systems on-board exploration robots have limited processing power that is often used for other maintenance tasks such as communications, power management, etc. In this thesis, a visual SLAM system aimed towards computationally constrained systems is presented. The approach described in this thesis uses only a RGB-D sensor as input to the system. Most visual SLAM systems require computationally intensive feature descriptors such as Speeded Up Robust Features (SURF) and Scale-Invariant Feature Transform (SIFT) as part of their front-end SLAM system. In this work, Binary Robust Invariant Scalable Keypoints (BRISK) and Oriented FAST and Rotated BRIEF (ORB) feature descriptors are introduced and compared against SURF. BRISK is shown to achieve similar relative pose estimation performance than SURF while being an order of magnitude faster. In addition, this work also discusses a simple back-end pose-graph optimization approach using libgo. The back end system improved the position estimation as well as detected loop closure events. The algorithm was tested with an indoor dataset as well as publicly available robot dataset. These initial results show that computationally inexpensive feature detectors such as BRISK and ORB can be used as core feature detection algorithms for a visual SLAM system.
TRAUMATIC STRESS Community Identity and Collective Efficacy: A Social Cure for Traumatic Stress in post Earthquake Nepal

Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) was initially conceptualized as a psychopathology that arose as a consequence of war time experiences. More recently, available evidence has demonstrated that post-traumatic stress (PTS) as a consequence of war is buffered by social identity processes. In such contexts, identity resources are arguably more readily accessible given the integral relationship between social identities and intergroup violence. There is no evidence as yet to suggest that social identity processes may act to reduce PTS responses to naturally occurring disasters such as earthquakes and even less data pertaining to non-Western contexts where the impact of such disasters tend to be particularly catastrophic. This paper reports on a study undertaken in earthquake-affected regions in Nepal devastated by April 2015 quake and its major aftershock a month later. Participants (n=399) completed measures of their earthquake experience, Post-Traumatic Stress and Post Traumatic growth (PTG), as well as measures of community identification and collective efficacy. In total 399 people completed the measures approximately six months after the quakes. Results of the study indicated that consistent with tenets of the social identity framework, ethnic and gender group memberships impacted on reported experiences during the earthquake. Reported experience during the quakes and ethnic group membership were both related to increased symptoms of PTS. Ethnicity was also linked to the proportion of respondents reporting clinical levels of PTSD symptoms. The relationship between earthquake experience and PTG was mediated by community identification and collective efficacy. Earthquake experience also had an indirect effect on PTS through collective efficacy. Implications of these findings for those working with traumatized groups are discussed.
National scale land-use and transport modelling: the mars Austria model

Integrated modelling of transport and land-use is a theoretically and methodologically sound approach implemented in several operational land-use/transport interaction (LUTI) models. However, its application has to date been mainly limited to urban regions. While this is understandable many related problems are most apparent in urban areas, there is no fundamental theoretical or empirical reason to neglect rural areas. Moreover, most operational urban models appear as relatively custom-tailored implementations of generic modelling environments. The resulting questions of generality, including e.g. issues of transferability to other areas, have rarely been studied in depth. We expect that the implementation of a LUTI model on national scale can help to address these issues.es made in the setup of a national land-use/transportation interaction model for Austria (MARS Austria). The model covers the entity of Austria and 121 fairly diverse model zones. Despite this aggregate layout, even relatively small urban agglomerations are differentiated into core and hinterland areas. At the current stage, data from the 1991 and 2001 population are used, but we intend to extend the time series to 1971/81 for extended model testing. Work progress currently does not yet permit to present concluding results in relation to the research questions outlined above, but first tentative conclusions are drawn for the MARS model. We identify two concrete conceptual shortcomings of the model for national scale applications. First, migrations flows are treated in a too aggregate way (pooling of migrants over the case study) and, second, the costs of migration are neglected in the model whereas they play a central role in migration theory. Even though the model results are not satisfying at the moment when compared to observed development, we conclude that implementing LUTI models higher spatial scales does have the potential to raise their generality and theoretical underpinning, which may in the end also benefit urban models. For the covering abstract see ITRD E137145.
Simultaneous T-2* mapping of N-14-and N-15-labeled dicarboxy-PROXYLs using CW-EPR-based single-point imaging

This article reports a method of simultaneous T 2* mapping of 14 N-and 15 N-labeled dicarboxy-PROXYLs using 750-MHz continuous-wave electron paramagnetic resonance (CW-EPR) imaging. To separate the spectra of 14 N-and 15 N-labeled dicarboxy-PROXYLs under magnetic field gradients, an optimization problem for spectral projections was formulated with the spatial total variation as a regularization term and solved using a local search based on the gradient descent algorithm. Using the single-point imaging (SPI) method with spectral projections of each radical, simultaneous T 2* mapping was performed for solution samples. Simultaneous T 2* mapping enabled visualization of the response of T 2* values to the level of dissolved oxygen in the solution. Simultaneous T 2 * mapping applied to a mouse tumor model demonstrated the feasibility of the reported method for potential application to in vivo oxygenation imaging.