Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Development of a tool for defining and identifying the dying patient in hospital: Criteria for Screening and Triaging to Appropriate aLternative care (CriSTAL)

Objective To develop a screening tool to identify elderly patients at the end of life and quantify the risk of death in hospital or soon after discharge for to minimise prognostic uncertainty and avoid potentially harmful and futile treatments. Design Narrative literature review of definitions, tools and measurements that could be combined into a screening tool based on routinely available or obtainable data at the point of care to identify elderly patients who are unavoidably dying at the time of admission or at risk of dying during hospitalisation. Main measurements Variables and thresholds proposed for the Criteria for Screening and Triaging to Appropriate aLternative care (CriSTAL screening tool) were adopted from existing scales and published research findings showing association with either in-hospital, 30-day or 3-month mortality. Results Eighteen predictor instruments and their variants were examined. The final items for the new CriSTAL screening tool included: age ≥65; meeting ≥2 deterioration criteria; an index of frailty with ≥2 criteria; early warning score >4; presence of ≥1 selected comorbidities; nursing home placement; evidence of cognitive impairment; prior emergency hospitalisation or intensive care unit readmission in the past year; abnormal ECG; and proteinuria. Conclusions An unambiguous checklist may assist clinicians in reducing uncertainty patients who are likely to die within the next 3 months and help initiate transparent conversations with families and patients about end-of-life care. Retrospective chart review and prospective validation will be undertaken to optimise the number of prognostic items for easy administration and enhanced generalisability. Development of an evidence-based tool for defining and identifying the dying patient in hospital: CriSTAL.
Estimation of User ’ s Request for Attentive Deskwork Support System 243 Estimation of User ’ s Request for Attentive Deskwork Support System

Since the late 1990s, several studies have been conducted on intelligent systems that support daily life in the home or office environments (Sato et al., 1996; Pentland, 1996; Brooks, 1997). In daily life, people spend a significant amount of time at desks to operate computers, read and write documents and books, eat, and assemble objects, among other activities. Therefore it can be said that supporting deskwork by intelligent systems is of extreme importance. Many kinds of intelligent systems have been proposed to provide desktop support. In particular, augmented desk interface systems have been eagerly studied. DigitalDesk is one of the earliest augmented desk interface systems (Wellner, 1993). It requires a CCD camera and a video projector to integrate physical paper documents and electronic documents. Koike et al. proposed EnhancedDesk, which uses an infrared camera instead of a CCD camera to improve sensitivity to changes in lighting conditions and a complex background (Koike et al., 2001). In addition, Leibe et al. proposed one called Perceptive Workbench, which requires both a CCD and an infrared camera (Leibe et al., 2000), and Rekimoto proposed SmartSkin, which is based on capacitive sensing without cameras (Rekimoto, 2002). Raghavan et al. proposed a system that requires a head-mounted display to show how to assemble products (Raghavan et al., 1999). These systems have been limited to show some information to the user. Ishii & Ullmer proposed an idea referred to as "tangible bits (Ishii & Ullmer, 1997)," which seeks to realize a seamless interface among humans, digital information, and the physical environment by using manipulable objects. Based on this idea, they proposed metaDESK (Ullmer & Ishii, 1997). Pangaro et al. proposed a system called Actuated Workbench (Pangaro et al., 2002), and Noma et al. proposed one called Proactive Desk (Noma et al., 2004). Both systems convey only information to the user through movement of physical objects. They do not support the user from physical aspects. On the other hand, especially in rehabilitation robotics, several studies have been conducted on supporting humans working at desks from a physical aspect (Harwin et al., 1995; Dallaway et al., 1995). Dallaway & Jackson proposed RAID (Robot for Assisting the Integration of Disabled people) workstation (Dallaway & Jackson, 1994). In RAID, a user selects an object through a GUI, and a manipulator carries it to the user. Ishii et al. proposed a meal-assistance robot for disabled individuals (Ishii et al., 1995). The system user points a laser attached to his head to operate a manipulator. Topping proposed a system, Handy 1, 16
Monitoring of the Zeta Potential of Human Cells upon Reduction in Their Viability and Interaction with Polymers

The dynamic light scattering (DLS) technique was applied in order to assess the zeta potential of the plasma membrane of human cells. At pH 7.4, the cell zeta potential for different types of cells showed variations over a wide range and was equal to –19.4 ± 0.8 mV for HeLa cells and –31.8 ± 1.1 mV for erythrocytes. The difference could presumably be attributed to the differences in the biochemical composition of the cell plasma membrane. As a result of the heating of HeLa cells, the zeta potential shifted towards more negative voltages by 4.2 mV. An increase in the zeta potential correlated with an increase in the content of phosphatidylserine on the cell surface, which is considered to be an early marker of apoptosis. The DLS technique was also used to study the interactions between the cells and membranotropic polymers, such as polycations and nonionogenic Pluronic L121.
[Drug safety warnings in psychiatry: adverse drug reactions' signaling from 2002 to 2014].

OBJECTIVE Monitoring drug-related side effects in psychiatric patients is highly recommended. In fact, frequent exposure to long-term polipharmacotherapy, poor compliance to pharmachological treatment and comorbidity with organic illnesses requiring the prescription of other drugs are causes of pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic interactions. These vulnerability factors result in a certain increase in adverse drug reactions (ADRs). METHODS This study performes an analysis of Italian Medicine Agency data, in the section "signal analysis", to attempt an assessment of the safety warnings among the different psychotropic drug classes, belonging to the ATC class: N03 (antiepileptics), N05 (antipsychotics), N06 (psycho-analectic drugs). Then we analysed, in a descriptive way, the different association between the drug and the related ADR, evaluating the different safety profiles, in relation to experimental studies, supporting the importance of the signal. RESULTS In the last years, among the new 25 ADRs, 10 were related to antidepressant drugs (8 SSRI, 1 mirtazapine, 1 agomelatine). In relation to antipsychotic drugs, 6 new correlations were found between drug and ADR onset, mainly among atypical antispychotics. Other correlations (6 above all) were found among antiepileptic drugs. Among benzodiazepines, a signal linked to rabdomylysis onset was found. It is also recommended an evaluation of safety profile in relation to zolpidem prescription. DISCUSSION The results of our systematic review are a motivational input, considering the continuous increase of safety warnings, to attentively monitor drug's prescription. Spontaneous ADRs' signaling is a classical system to provide the required attention in relation to a potential risk. The clinician in charge must report this because he is the key figure in the drugs' safety process. CONCLUSIONS In psychiatry, in which a long-term pharmachological therapy is frequent, clinicians are requested to find and signal ADRs to the competent authority.
BASIC SCIENCE REVIEW

Juvenile nasopharyngeal angiofibroma (JNA) is a rare benign neoplasm of the nasopharynx that accounts for 0.5% of all head and neck tumors. Although histologically benign in appearance, JNAs are locally aggressive and destructive, spreading from the nasal cavity to the nasopharynx, paranasal sinuses, and orbit skull base with intracranial extension. The gender selectivity of JNA and the relatively young age at diagnosis suggest hormone-dependent development. Hormonal disorders have been reported in patients with JNA, and androgen and estrogen receptors have been identified in tumor tissue; however, a hormonal influence on JNA is controversial. Recent studies have attempted to further delineate the pathogenesis of JNA through analysis of genetic and molecular changes. Understanding of the molecular mechanisms involved in JNA might improve prevention, prognosis, and treatment of this tumor. In this review, we discuss published studies addressing the possible molecular pathways that might be involved in the development of JNA. VC 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Head Neck 30:
Non-Blind Watermarking of Network Flows

Linking network flows is an important problem in intrusion detection as well as anonymity. Passive traffic analysis can link flows, but requires long periods of observation to reduce errors. Active traffic analysis, also known as flow watermarking, allows for better precision and is more scalable. Previous flow watermarks introduce significant delays to the traffic flow as a side effect of using a blind detection scheme; this enables attacks that detect and remove the watermark, while at the same time slowing down legitimate traffic. We propose the first non-blind approach for flow watermarking, called RAINBOW, that improves watermark invisibility by inserting delays hundreds of times smaller than previous blind watermarks, hence reduces the watermark interference on network flows. We derive and analyze the optimum detectors for RAINBOW as well as the passive traffic analysis under different traffic models by using hypothesis testing. Comparing the detection performance of RAINBOW and the passive approach, we observe that both RAINBOW and passive traffic analysis perform similarly good in the case of uncorrelated traffic, however the RAINBOW detector drastically outperforms the optimum passive detector in the case of correlated network flows. This justifies the use of non-blind watermarks over passive traffic analysis even though both approaches have similar scalability constraints. We confirm our analysis by simulating the detectors and testing them against large traces of real network flows.
The role of the osteopontin-integrin αvβ3 interaction at implantation: functional analysis using three different in vitro models.

STUDY QUESTION Does the interaction between integrin and its ligand osteopontin (OPN) mediate embryonic attachment to endometrial epithelium at implantation? SUMMARY ANSWER OPN of epithelial origin binds the receptor integrin αvβ3 at the maternal surface to support adhesion during the early stages of implantation. WHAT IS KNOWN ALREADY Integrin αvβ3 and OPN are both present in the endometrial luminal epithelium in the mid-secretory phase. STUDY DESIGN, SIZE, DURATION Microscopy of attachment sites of blastocysts (mouse, n = 151, human, n = 8) and OPN- or BSA-coated beads (n = 488) interacting with Ishikawa cell monolayers at 24 and 48 h. Levels of epithelial OPN or integrin αvβ3 were altered by siRNA-mediated targeting and the results compared with non-targeting siRNA or mock-transfected controls. PARTICIPANTS/MATERIALS, SETTING, METHODS In vitro modelling of early implantation with human endometrial cells (Ishikawa) and mouse or human embryos or ligand-coated beads. Immunolocalization of antigen around attached embryos was measured by image analysis with multiple repeats (n > 3), allowing a gradient of relative intensity to be detected. Attachment was quantified using a stability scale and protein expression documented by indirect immunofluorescence. Protein associations were probed by pulldown assays. MAIN RESULTS AND THE ROLE OF CHANCE Integrin and OPN levels were increased in epithelial cells near to attached embryos. The pulldown assay confirmed OPN-integrin αvβ3 binding (n > 3). Decreased attachment stability of mouse embryos observed after siRNA knock-down of integrin αvβ3 or OPN itself, or OPN-coated beads after knock-down of integrin αvβ3, was tested for significance using Kruskal-Wallis with Dunn's post hoc tests. LIMITATIONS, REASONS FOR CAUTION In vitro model. Attachment data using human embryos is limited by embryo availability. Mouse embryo attachment to human cells involves a species crossover so must be interpreted with caution. Ligand-coated beads allow specific molecular interactions mediating attachment to be probed, but obviously lack the adhesion and signaling repertoire of a live embryo. WIDER IMPLICATIONS OF THE FINDINGS Some of the literature identifies reduced integrin αvβ3 expression in infertile endometrium; these findings predict that embryo attachment stability will be reduced in vivo if integrin levels are low. We suggest that the robustness of the initial attachment of the embryo affects its ability to progress to the post-epithelial phase of implantation; some poorly attached embryos will be lost. STUDY FUNDING/COMPETING INTEREST(S) No external funds were used for this study, which was supported by funds from the Universities of Manchester and Oxford. None of the authors has any conflict of interest to declare. TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER N/A.
Translational Research in Acute Lung Injury and Pulmonary Fibrosis Impact of ventilation-induced lung injury on the structure and function of lamellar bodies

Scott Milos,* Reza Khazaee,* Lynda A. McCaig, Karen Nygard, Richard B. Gardiner, Yi Y. Zuo, Cory Yamashita, and Ruud Veldhuizen Lawson Health Research Institute, Western University, London Ontario, Canada; Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Western University, London Ontario, Canada; Department of Medicine, Western University, London Ontario, Canada; Department of Biology, Western University, London Ontario, Canada; Biotron Research Centre, Western University, London Ontario, Canada; and Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Hawaii at Manoa, Honolulu, Hawaii
Fast and Memory-Efficienty Topological Denoising of 2D and 3D Scalar Fields

Data acquisition, numerical inaccuracies, and sampling often introduce noise in measurements and simulations. Removing this noise is often necessary for efficient analysis and visualization of this data, yet many denoising techniques change the minima and maxima of a scalar field. For example, the extrema can appear or disappear, spatially move, and change their value. This can lead to wrong interpretations of the data, e.g., when the maximum temperature over an area is falsely reported being a few degrees cooler because the denoising method is unaware of these features. Recently, a topological denoising technique based on a global energy optimization was proposed, which allows the topology-controlled denoising of 2D scalar fields. While this method preserves the minima and maxima, it is constrained by the size of the data. We extend this work to large 2D data and medium-sized 3D data by introducing a novel domain decomposition approach. It allows processing small patches of the domain independently while still avoiding the introduction of new critical points. Furthermore, we propose an iterative refinement of the solution, which decreases the optimization energy compared to the previous approach and therefore gives smoother results that are closer to the input. We illustrate our technique on synthetic and real-world 2D and 3D data sets that highlight potential applications.
Building on the Case Teaching Method to Generate Learning Games Relevant to Numerous Educational Fields

University teachers often feel the need to try innovative learning technologies such as Learning Games to motivate the new generation of students. However, the typically limited resources of universities coupled with the high cost of designing and developing Learning Games result in it rarely being feasible to meet this need. To address this challenging problem, we have designed a framework that allows teachers to create their own Learning Games with very little or no help from developers and graphic designers. This framework, tested and validated by several university teachers, is suited to a wide variety of educational fields because it generates Learning Games based on the widely-used case teaching method.
Genes Governing Resistance to Puccinia hordei in Thirteen Spring Barley Accessions.

ABSTRACT Leaf rust, caused by Puccinia hordei, is an important disease of barley in many parts of the world. In the eastern United States, this disease was effectively controlled for over 20 years through the deployment of cultivars carrying the resistance gene Rph7. Isolates of P. hordei with virulence for Rph7 appeared in this region in the early 1990s rendering barley cultivars with this gene vulnerable to leaf rust infection. From a preliminary evaluation test, 13 accessions from diverse geographic locations possessed resistance to P. hordei isolate VA90-34, which has virulence for genes Rph1, 2, 4, 6, 7, 8, and 11. Each of these 13 accessions was crossed with susceptible cvs. Moore or Larker to characterize gene number and gene action for resistance to P. hordei. Additionally, the 13 accessions were intercrossed and crossed to host differential lines possessing genes Rph3, Rph5, and Rph9 to determine allelic relationships of resistance genes. Seedlings of F(1), F(2), and BC(1)F(1) populations were evaluated in the greenhouse for their reaction to P. hordei isolate VA90-34. Leaf rust resistance in six of the accessions including Collo sib, CR270.3. 2, Deir Alla 105, Giza 119, Gloria, and Lenka is governed by a single dominant gene located at or near the Rph3 locus. All accessions for which the gene Rph3 was postulated to govern leaf rust resistance, except for Deir Alla 105, likely possess an allele different than Rph3.c found in Estate based on the differential reaction to isolates of P. hordei. The resistance gene in Grit and Donan is located at or near the Rph9 locus. Alleles at both the Rph3 and Rph9 loci confer resistance in Femina and Dorina. In addition to Rph3, Caroline and CR366.13. 2 likely possess a second unknown recessive gene for leaf rust resistance. Resistance in Carre 180 is governed by a recessive gene that is different from all other genes considered in this study. Identification of both known and unique genes conferring leaf rust resistance in the barley germplasm included in this study provides breeding programs with the knowledge and opportunity to assess currently used sources of leaf rust resistance and to incorporate new sources of resistance into their programs.
Inflammation, bone loss and fracture risk in spondyloarthritis

Osteoporosis (ie, low bone mineral density) is common in ankylosing spondylitis, related to both systemic inflammation and decreased mobility. Vertebral fracture risk is increased; acute back pain in these patients is not always a flare-up of the disease, as it can be related to bone complications. Intervertebral disc fractures in the ankylosed spine are associated with severe neurological complications. As expected from pathophysiology, treatments effective against inflammation have a positive effect on bone, and prospective open studies have shown that tumour-necrosis-factor blockers can improve bone mineral density at the spine and the hip. There is so far no evidence of a decreased risk of fractures with such treatment.
ClickBAIT: Click-based Accelerated Incremental Training of Convolutional Neural Networks

Training deep learning models in real-time, with a human in-the-loop, could allow them to be adjusted and adapted on-the-fly, as demanded by the mission at hand. For instance, during a tracking and surveillance operation, an unmanned aerial system (UAS) operator spots the subject, and quickly trains and distributes an object-specific recognition model to other drones and cameras while the situation is unfolding. We call this type of real-time training Time-ordered Online Training (ToOT). In this work, we present ClickBAIT, a framework for performing ToOT in real-time. ClickBAIT reduces the human effort required to perform training in real-time by reducing annotations to single clicks, and employing object tracking to produce additional training events. We implement ClickBAIT for both an image classifier and object detector, and show that it improves the training benefit of clicks from 3 to 7 times on representative video sequences.
XML and Multilingual Document Authoring: Convergent Trends

Typical approaches to XML authoring view a XML document as a mixture of structure (the tags) and surface (text between the tags). We advocate a radical approach where the surface disappears from the XML document altogether to be handled exclusively by rendering mechanisms. This move is based on the view that the author's choices when authoring XML documents are best seen as language-neutral semantic decisions, that the structure can then be viewed as interlingual content, and that the textual output should be derived from this content by language-specific realization mechanisms, thus assimilating XML authoring to Multilingual Document Authoring. However, standard XML tools have important limitations when used for such a purpose: (1) they are weak at propagating semantic dependencies between different parts of the structure, and, (2) current XML rendering tools are ill-suited for handling the grammatical combination of textual units. We present two related proposals for overcoming these limitations: one (GF) originating in the tradition of mathematical proof editors and constructive type theory, the other (IG), a specialization of Definite Clause Grammars strongly inspired by GF.
Optimum Clutter Rejection for Infrared Surveillance Sensors.

Abstract : This document is the Final Report prepared under contract N62269-89-C-0519 with the Naval Air Development Center in Warminster, Pennsylvania. The contract was awarded in response to a Phase I SBIR proposal originally submitted by Space Computer Corporation in January 1988 to the Office of Naval Technology under SBIR Topic Number N88-15. The period of performance was 28 March 1989 to 28 September 1989. In accordance with NADC's direction, the basic problem addressed in the Phase I study was the use of adaptive spatial filtering concepts to enhance the detectability of long-range targets viewed against background clutter by an airborne Infrared Search and Track (IRST) system. For the most part, these stressing threats appear to the IRST sensor as unresolved point targets moving against a structured background scene consisting of clouds, blue sky and possibly terrain. The IRST signal processor must be capable of detecting such targets at the lowest possible signal-to-clutter ratios, while strictly controlling the number of false alarms that must be dealt with by higher levels of data processing (e.g., scan-to-scan tracking). The detection signal processing must typically be performed on tens of thousands of pixels in two-dimensional frames collected at sensor scan periods on the order of 10 seconds. Adaptive spatial filtering is a robust approach to spatial discrimination that is based on the general theory of statistical hypothesis testing. In this approach, a likelihood ratio decision statistic is used to test for the presence of a hypothesized target signal at each pixel location.