Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Utilization of grape (Vitis vinifera), cranberry (Vaccinium macrocarpon), wild blueberry (Vaccinium angustifolium), and apple (Malus pumila/domestica) pomaces in broiler chickens when fed without or with multi-enzyme supplement

Abstract Nutritive and functional values of fruit pomaces in poultry are unexplored. We determined apparent metabolizable energy (AME) and plasma metabolites in broiler chickens fed diets containing apple (APL), low-bush wild blueberry (LBP), cranberry (CRP), and grape (GRP) pomaces without or with multi-enzyme supplement (ENZ). A total of 360 one-day old Ross 708 male chicks were placed in 72 cages; 5 birds/cage were reared to day13 and transitioned to either cornstarch–soy protein isolate basal diet or basal with 30% of either pomace without or with ENZ. Excreta samples were collected from day17 to 20 and one bird/cage bled for plasma metabolites on day 21. Apple pomace showed a higher AME (P=0.008) than other pomaces; however, ENZ had no effect on AME. The AMEs were 3250, 2613, 2394, and 3008 kcal/kg DM for APL, LBP, CRP, and GRP, respectively. There was pomace and ENZ interaction on plasma alkaline phosphatase (P=0.04), and APL increased cholesterol levels (P<0.01). In conclusion, ENZ had no impact on energy increment in pomaces, but the AME values this study has established are nonetheless valuable for accurate poultry feed formulation. Plasma metabolites suggested pomace components are amenable to supplemental ENZ. Résumé Les valeurs nutritives et fonctionnelles des marcs de fruits sont inexplorées chez les poulets. Nous avons déterminé l’énergie métabolisable apparente (AME — «apparent metabolizable energy») et les métabolites plasmatiques chez les poulets à griller ayant reçu des diètes contenant des marcs de pomme (APL — «apple»), de bleuets sauvages à buisson bas (LB — «low bush wild blueberry»), de canneberges (CRP — «cranberry») et de raisins (GRP — «grape») avec ou sans un supplément à multiples enzymes (ENZ). Un total de 360 poussins Ross 708 mâles âgés de un jour ont été placés en 72 cages, 5 par cage, et ont été élevés jusqu’au jour 13 puis transitionnés soit à une diète de base avec isolat de protéines d’amidon de maïs/soja, soit une diète de base avec 30 % de marc avec ou sans ENZ. Les échantillons de fèces ont été collectés des jours 17 à 20 et un poulet/cage saigné pour déterminer les métabolites plasmatiques au jour 21. Le marc APL a montré une AME plus élevée (P = 0,008) que les autres marcs, mais, les ENZ n’ont pas eu d’effet sur l’AME. L’AME était de 3250, 2613, 2394 et 3008 kcal/kg de matières sèches (DM — «dry matter») pour les marcs de APL, LBP, CRP, et GRP, respectivement. Il y avait une interaction entre marc et ENZ pour la phosphatase alcaline (P = 0,04) et l’APL a augmenté les niveaux de cholestérol (P < 0,01). En conclusion, l’ENZ n’a pas eu d’impact sur l’incrément d’énergie dans les marcs, mais les valeurs d’AME établies dans cette étude ont néanmoins une valeur pour la formulation précise des aliments à poulets. Les métabolites plasmatiques suggèrent que les composantes des marcs sont susceptibles aux suppléments d’ENZ. [Traduit par la Rédaction]
Top FB asymmetry vs. (semi)leptonic B decays in multi-Higgs-doublet models

We investigate the semileptonic and leptonic B decays, B to D^{(*)} tau nu and B to tau nu in our multi-Higgs-doublet models, while keeping in mind the enhancement of the top forward-backward (FB) asymmetry (A^t_{FB}) at the Tevatron. In these models, the extra (pseudo)scalar bosons contribute to A^t_{FB} with large flavor-changing Yukawa couplings involving the top quark, but the contribution of the charged Higgs boson to A^t_{FB} is negligible. However, it may significantly affect B decays: especially, B to D^{(*)} tau nu and B to tau nu. We investigate the constraints on the B decays, based on the recent results in BaBar and Belle experiments, and discuss the possibility that the allowed parameter region in the B decays can achieve large A^t_{FB}.
The pulsar spectral index distribution

The flux density spectra of radio pulsars are known to be steep and, to first order, described by a power-law relationship of the form S_{\nu} \propto \nu^{\alpha}, where S_{\nu} is the flux density at some frequency \nu and \alpha is the spectral index. Although measurements of \alpha have been made over the years for several hundred pulsars, a study of the intrinsic distribution of pulsar spectra has not been carried out. From the result of pulsar surveys carried out at three different radio frequencies, we use population synthesis techniques and a likelihood analysis to deduce what underlying spectral index distribution is required to replicate the results of these surveys. We find that in general the results of the surveys can be modelled by a Gaussian distribution of spectral indices with a mean of -1.4 and unit standard deviation. We also consider the impact of the so-called "Gigahertz-peaked spectrum" pulsars. The fraction of peaked spectrum sources in the population with significant turn-over at low frequencies appears to be at most 10%. We demonstrate that high-frequency (>2 GHz) surveys preferentially select flatter-spectrum pulsars and the converse is true for lower-frequency (<1 GHz) surveys. This implies that any correlations between \alpha and other pulsar parameters (for example age or magnetic field) need to carefully account for selection biases in pulsar surveys. We also expect that many known pulsars which have been detected at high frequencies will have shallow, or positive, spectral indices. The majority of pulsars do not have recorded flux density measurements over a wide frequency range, making it impossible to constrain their spectral shapes. We also suggest that such measurements would allow an improved description of any populations of pulsars with 'non-standard' spectra.
Biochemical Parameters and Air Pollution Tolerance Index of Trees along New Ife Road and Within Forestry Research Institute of Nigeria in Ibadan, Oyo State, Nigeria

Poor air quality is one of the renowned issues instigating health complications in urban areas today due to man’s exposure to various gases. The paper assessed the ambient air along New Ife Road (NIR) and Forestry Research Institute of Nigeria Headquarters (FRIN), Ibadan, Oyo State using Biochemical changes and computed the air pollution tolerance indices from fresh leaf samples of ten (10) similar plant species selected randomly in triplicates in both study locations. Monoon longifolium, Chrysophyllum albidum, Terminalia catappa, Dacryodes edulis and Terminalia ivorensis had tolerant APTI values; Mangifera indica, Psidium guajava, Terminalia ivorensis, Terminalia catappa and Cocos nucifera were intermediate APTI while Mangifera indica, Moringa oleifera and Azadirachta indica were found to be sensitive to air pollution. The APTI values at both locations are not significantly different; therefore NIR and FRIN are rated as areas of high anthropogenic activities. Terminalia ivorensis, (31.58 in NIR) Terminalia catappa (30.56 in FRIN) Dacryodes edulis, (31.15 in NIR and 34.76 in FRIN) (Chrysophyllum albidum (34.78 in NIR and 39.78 in FRIN) and Monoon longifolium (49.83 in NIR and 57.50 in FRIN) were classified as sink of air pollution based on their APTI values which ranged from 30>100 obtained in both locations of study. It is however suggested that these plants identified as sink of air pollutants, should be used for landscaping and planted 50m from the roadside for bio-filtration of the atmosphere.
Three-body structure of 18Ne in a microscopic model

The structure of 18Ne, and in particular of the 1− (6.18 MeV) level, is investigated in a microscopic cluster model involving 16O+p+p configurations. We use the three-cluster generator coordinate method associated with the hyperspherical formalism. The spectroscopy of 18Ne and 18O low-lying states is analyzed. Using the analytical continuation in the coupling constant (ACCC) method, we determine the width of the 1− (6.15 MeV) resonance in 18Ne and find Γ = 40 ± 10 keV. This result is in fair agreement with experiment (50 ± 5 keV).
Superstrings, Geometry, Topology, and $C^*$-algebras

This volume contains the proceedings of an NSF-CBMS Conference held at Texas Christian University in Fort Worth, Texas, May 18-22, 2009. The papers, written especially for this volume by well-known mathematicians and mathematical physicists, are an outgrowth of the talks presented at the conference. Topics examined are highly interdisciplinary and include, among many other things, recent results on D-brane charges in $K$-homology and twisted $K$-homology, Yang-Mills gauge theory and connections with non-commutative geometry, Landau-Ginzburg models, $C^*$-algebraic non-commutative geometry and ties to quantum physics and topology, the rational homotopy type of the group of unitary elements in an Azumaya algebra, and functoriality properties in the theory of $C^*$-crossed products and fixed point algebras for proper actions. An introduction, written by Jonathan Rosenberg, provides an instructive overview describing common themes and how the various papers in the volume are interrelated and fit together. The rich diversity of papers appearing in the volume demonstrates the current interplay between superstring theory, geometry/topology, and non-commutative geometry. The book will be of interest to graduate students, mathematicians, mathematical physicists, and researchers working in these areas. |This volume contains the proceedings of an NSF-CBMS Conference held at Texas Christian University in Fort Worth, Texas, May 18-22, 2009. The papers, written especially for this volume by well-known mathematicians and mathematical physicists, are an outgrowth of the talks presented at the conference. Topics examined are highly interdisciplinary and include, among many other things, recent results on D-brane charges in $K$-homology and twisted $K$-homology, Yang-Mills gauge theory and connections with non-commutative geometry, Landau-Ginzburg models, $C^*$-algebraic non-commutative geometry and ties to quantum physics and topology, the rational homotopy type of the group of unitary elements in an Azumaya algebra, and functoriality properties in the theory of $C^*$-crossed products and fixed point algebras for proper actions. An introduction, written by Jonathan Rosenberg, provides an instructive overview describing common themes and how the various papers in the volume are interrelated and fit together. The rich diversity of papers appearing in the volume demonstrates the current interplay between superstring theory, geometry/topology, and non-commutative geometry. The book will be of interest to graduate students, mathematicians, mathematical physicists, and researchers working in these areas.
Spring efficiency assessment and efficient use of spring methods of statically balanced planar serial manipulators with revolute joints only

Abstract. This paper proposes a spring efficiency assessment of a statically spring-balanced planar serial manipulator. The admissible spring configurations for the static balancing of planar serial manipulators without auxiliary links have been determined in the past. Gravity is balanced by the spring configuration systematically; however, the spring configuration also contains counter-effects between springs. Conceptually, with fewer counter-effects between springs, there is less burden on the spring system, which means that the springs are used more efficiently, and accordingly, the system would be safer, and its service life would be longer. In this study, the spring energy is represented in a quadratic form. The coefficients in a quadratic form represent the change in elastic energy with the relative position between links, which is named “elastic pseudo-stiffness”. Compared to the quadratic form of gravity energy, those elastic pseudo-stiffnesses for static balancing are regarded as positive contributions of a spring, while those that contain counter-effects are seen as negative ones. Spring efficiency is defined as the ratio of the elastic pseudo-stiffnesses, which has positive contributions for balancing to total elastic pseudo-stiffnesses. To use springs efficiently, the counter-effects, which are functions of spring parameters, need to be decreased, including spring stiffness and the attachment location of springs on links. A method to use spring efficiently by adjusting spring parameters is developed. Furthermore, it is found that, for a spring attached between adjacent links, the spring efficiency is 100 %, and the spring efficiency decreases while the number of joints over which the spring spans increases. In a spring manipulator system, the efficiency is negatively correlated to the payload. As an example, an efficiency assessment on a 3 degrees of freedom (DOF) manipulator is shown at the end.
Experimental Investigation on the Effects of the Geometry of Micro Hole on the EDM Drilling Process 

In the last years, the interest in micromachining has grown significantly due to the miniaturization of several components used in several fields such as automotive, aerospace and bio-medical. In this scenario, the main protagonists are the microtechnologies and their capabili-ties. Micro EDM is a technology able to remove material from conductive workpieces through electrical sparks. Each spark makes a crater on the workpiece surface. Micro drilling is one of its common applications. In micro EDM drilling the geometrical characteristics of the hole are related to the electrode size. In this paper, the effects of the geometry of micro hole on the micro EDM drilling process performance have been investigated. In order to do this, experimental tests were conducted varying the electrode diameter and the aspect ratio of the hole. The influence of the electrode diameter and the aspect ratio on several indexes about process performance were established. This study contributes to improve the knowledge of the process and can support the users to establish the effects of the geometry of the hole on the machining performance.
PLANET FORMATION IN CIRCUMBINARY CONFIGURATIONS: TURBULENCE INHIBITS PLANETESIMAL ACCRETION

The existence of planets born in environments highly perturbed by a stellar companion represents a major challenge to the paradigm of planet formation. In numerical simulations, the presence of a close binary companion stirs up the relative velocity between planetesimals, which is fundamental in determining the balance between accretion and erosion. However, the recent discovery of circumbinary planets by Kepler establishes that planet formation in binary systems is clearly viable. We perform N-body simulations of planetesimals embedded in a protoplanetary disk, where planetesimal phasing is frustrated by the presence of stochastic torques, modeling the expected perturbations of turbulence driven by the magnetorotational instability. We examine perturbation amplitudes relevant to dead zones in the midplane (conducive to planet formation in single stars), and find that planetesimal accretion can be inhibited even in the outer disk (4–10 AU) far from the central binary, a location previously thought to be a plausible starting point for the formation of circumbinary planets.
BETA: Beacon-Based Traffic-Aware Routing in Vehicular Ad Hoc Networks

Data transmission in Vehicular Ad Hoc Networks (VANETs) often suffers from routing interruptions due to the unstable communication links between vehicles. Over the past decades, many traffic-aware routing protocols have been proposed to alleviate routing interruptions by sensing traffic conditions. However, in most traffic-aware routing protocols, vehicles must transmit a large number of control packets to accumulate traffic information, which may degrade network performance due to the resulting intense competition over the wireless medium. Instead of using control packets, we propose to leverage the beacon mechanism that has been widely used in VANETs to realize traffic awareness. Vehicles broadcast beacons to exchange necessary information with their neighbors periodically. We can leverage this information exchange process among vehicles to replace control packets. To realize this idea, first, a mathematical analysis is provided to demonstrate its feasibility. Then, we propose a concrete protocol to address the technical challenges of using beacons. Extensive simulation results show that our protocol performs better than the state-of-the-art counterparts regarding packet delivery ratio, average delivery time, and network overhead.
A Student's Guide to the Mathematics of Astronomy: Parallax, angular size, and angular resolution

One of the most important contributions that the science of astronomy has made to human progress is an understanding of the distance and size of celestial objects. After millennia of using our eyes and about four centuries of using telescopes, we now have a very good idea of where we are in the Universe and how our planet fits in among the other bodies in our Solar System, the Milky Way galaxy, and the Universe. Several of the techniques astronomers use to estimate distance and size are based on angles , and the purpose of this chapter is to make sure you understand the mathematical foundation of these techniques. Specifically, the concepts of parallax and angular size are discussed in the first two sections of this chapter, and the third section describes the angular resolution of astronomical instruments. Parallax Parallax is a perspective phenomenon that makes a nearby object appear to shift position with respect to more distant objects when the observation point is changed. This section begins with an explanation of the parallax concept and proportionality relationships and concludes with examples of parallax calculations relevant to astronomy. Parallax concept You can easily demonstrate the effect of parallax by holding your index finger upright at arm's length and then observing that finger and the background behind it with your left eye open and your right eye closed.
Three interacting atoms in a one-dimensional trap: a benchmark system for computational approaches

We provide an accurate calculation of the energy spectrum of three atoms interacting through a contact force in a one-dimensional harmonic trap, considering both spinful fermions and spinless bosons. We use fermionic energies as a benchmark for the exact-diagonalization technique (also known as full configuration interaction), which is found to slowly converge in the case of strong inter-atomic attraction.
Mirages in galaxy scaling relations

We analysed several basic correlations between structural parameters of galaxies. The data were taken from various samples in different passbands which are available in the literature. We discuss disc scaling relations as well as some debatable issues concerning the so-called Photometric Plane for bulges and elliptical galaxies in different forms and various versions of the famous Kormendy relation. We show that some of the correlations under discussion are artificial (self-correlations), while others truly reveal some new essential details of the structural properties of galaxies. Our main results are as follows: At present, we cannot conclude that faint stellar discs are, on average, more thin than discs in high surface brightness galaxies. The 'central surface brightness-thickness' correlation appears only as a consequence of the transparent exponential disc model to describe real galaxy discs. The Photometric Plane appears to have no independent physical sense. Various forms of this plane are merely sophisticated versions of the Kormendy relation or of the self-relation involving the central surface brightness of a bulge/elliptical galaxy and the S,rsic index n. The Kormendy relation is a physical correlation presumably reflecting the difference in the origin of bright and faint ellipticals and bulges. We present arguments that involve creating artificial samples to prove our main idea.
Determinants of Social Media Marketing Adoption in Small, Medium and Micro Enterprises during the Covid-19 pandemic

Purpose: This study aims at assessing the determinants of Social Media Marketing adoption in small, medium and micro enterprises (SMMEs) during the Covid-19 pandemic. Design / Method / Approach: The study seeks to understand the viewpoints and motives for employing social media campaigns. Thus, a structured quantitative questionnaire was provided to 150 respondents to assess social media marketing in their firms, using convenience sampling. A descriptive analysis of data was undertaken using the SPSS. Findings: The study's findings showed that most respondents agreed with items related to Social Media Marketing’s facilitating conditions, perceived ease of use, perceived usefulness and cost implications. Theoretical Implications: The study contributes to the extant literature on Social Media Marketing during the Covid-19 pandemic in the developing world, wherein poor infrastructure, bureaucracy and culture play an important role in business performance. Practical Implications: SMME owners and managers should encourage their employees and customers to use social media regularly in order to drive traffic towards the business. Originality / Value: The study is unique as it analyses Social Media Marketing during a turbulent time in which the Covid-19 pandemic is wreaking havoc on economies globally. Research Limitations / Future Research: Researchers should consider analysing the effect of Covid-19's lockdown restrictions on specific sectors in an attempt to facilitate tailor-made solutions to the problem. Paper type: Empirical
THE SPECTROSCOPIC DIVERSITY OF TYPE Ia SUPERNOVAE

We present 2603 spectra of 462 nearby Type Ia supernovae (SNe Ia), including 2065 previously unpublished spectra, obtained during 1993–2008 through the Center for Astrophysics Supernova Program. There are on average eight spectra for each of the 313 SNe Ia with at least two spectra. Most of the spectra were obtained with the FAST spectrograph at the Fred Lawrence Whipple Observatory 1.5 m telescope and reduced in a consistent manner, making this data set well suited for studies of SN Ia spectroscopic diversity. Using additional data from the literature, we study the spectroscopic and photometric properties of SNe Ia as a function of spectroscopic class using the classification schemes of Branch et al. and Wang et al. The width–luminosity relation appears to be steeper for SNe Ia with broader lines, although the result is not statistically significant with the present sample. Based on the evolution of the characteristic Si ii λ6355 line, we propose improved methods for measuring velocity gradients, revealing a larger range than previously suspected, from ∼0 to ∼400 considering the instantaneous velocity decline rate at maximum light. We find a weaker and less significant correlation between Si ii velocity and intrinsic B − V color at maximum light than reported by Foley et al., owing to a more comprehensive treatment of uncertainties and host galaxy dust. We study the extent of nuclear burning and the presence of unburnt carbon in the outermost layers of the ejecta and report new detections of C ii λ6580 in 23 early-time SN Ia spectra. The frequency of C ii detections is not higher in SNe Ia with bluer colors or narrower light curves, in conflict with the recent results of Thomas et al. Based on nebular spectra of 27 SNe Ia, we find no relation between the FWHM of the iron emission feature at ∼4700 Å and Δm15(B) after removing the two low-luminosity SN 1986G and SN 1991bg, suggesting that the peak luminosity is not strongly dependent on the kinetic energy of the explosion for most SNe Ia. Finally, we confirm the correlation of velocity shifts in some nebular lines with the intrinsic B − V color of SNe Ia at maximum light, although several outliers suggest a possible non-monotonic behavior for the largest blueshifts.