Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Evolutionary developmental studies of cyclostomes and the origin of the vertebrate neck

Because they lack some gnathostome‐specific traits, cyclostomes have often been regarded as representing an intermediate state linking non‐vertebrate chordates and gnathostomes. To understand the evolutionary origins of the jaw and paired fins, lamprey embryos and larvae have been used as comparative models. The lack of the jaw–neck region is a conspicuous feature specific to cyclostomes; however, the absence of these features has been largely neglected both in evolutionary developmental studies and in the field of classical comparative embryology. This review seeks to develop a possible evolutionary scenario of the vertebrate neck muscles by taking the cucullaris (trapezius) muscle as the focus. By combining the comparative embryology of lampreys and gnathostomes, and considering the molecular‐level developmental mechanism of skeletal muscle differentiation, this review argues that the establishment of the vertebrate neck deserves to be called an evolutionary novelty based on the remodeling of mesenchymal components between the cranium and the shoulder girdle, which involves both mesodermal and neural crest cell lineages.
All‐In‐One Optical Heater‐Thermometer Nanoplatform Operative From 300 to 2000 K Based on Er3+ Emission and Blackbody Radiation

A single nanoplatform integrating laser-induced heat generation by gold nanoparticles and temperature sensing up to 2000 K via (Gd,Yb,Er)2 O3 nanorods is demonstrated, which presents considerable potential for nanoscale photonics and biomedicine. Blackbody emission is ascertained from the temperature increment with AuNP concentration, emission color coordinates as a function of the laser pump power, and Planck's law of blackbody radiation.
Specificity of putative psychosocial risk factors for psychiatric disorders in children and adolescents.

BACKGROUND Most psychosocial risk factors appear to have general rather than specific patterns of association with common childhood and adolescence disorders. However, previous research has typically failed to 1) control for comorbidity among disorders, 2) include a wide range of risk factors, and 3) examine sex by developmental stage effects on risk factor-disorder associations. This study tests the specificity of putative psychosocial risk factors while addressing these criticisms. METHODS Eight waves of data from the Great Smoky Mountains Study (N = 1,420) were used, covering children in the community age 9-16 years old. Youth and one parent were interviewed up to seven times using the Child and Adolescent Psychiatric Assessment, providing a total of 6,674 pairs of interviews. A wide range of putative neighborhood, school, peer, family, and child risk factors, and common and comorbid youth disorders were assessed. RESULTS The majority of putative risk factors were specific to one disorder or one disorder domain. A unique or 'signature set' of putative risk factors was identified for each disorder. Several putative risk factors were associated with a disorder in preadolescent males, preadolescent females, adolescent males, or adolescent females only. CONCLUSIONS Our findings support the need to define risk factors and disorders narrowly, to control comorbidity and other risk factors, and to consider developmental patterns of specificity by sex.
The Luminally-and Vascularly-Perfused Small Intestine as an Experimental System for the Study of Translocation and Metabolism

by intact cells involves concomitant intracellular chemical transformations of substrates via intermediary metabolites to final products and solute translocations across the cell-surface membrane: the primary substrates enter the cell from the immediate extracellular environment by one or more of several possible mechanisms located within the cell-surface membrane and some products exit from the cell by one or more of the same mechanisms. Analogous solute translocations also occur across intracellular membranes. Chemical transformations within subcellular aqueous phases or on membranes and endoskeletons, and solute translocations across membranes, together constitute the metabolism of the intact cell. Chemical transformation and solute translocation cannot be regarded as separate or separable phenomena in the intact cell, especially when 'control' of cell metabolism is under consideration (Porteous, 1983a,b). These restrictions are particularly evident in high-polarized cell systems, like those of intestinal epithelium, in which membrane translocation mechanisms and events at one part of the cell-surface membrane (the brush-border membrane) may be quite different from those at another part (the basolateral membrane of the same cell). Chemical transformations within such a cell, solute fluxes across the functionally-distinct parts of the cell-surface membrane, and net fluxes through the whole cell from one extracellular environment to another are interdependent metabolic events.
Inferring Appliance Energy Usage from Smart Meters using Fully Convolutional Encoder Decoder Networks

Energy management presents one of the principal sustainability challenges within urban centers given that they account for 75% of the energy consumption worldwide. In the context of a smart city framework, the use of intelligent urban systems provides a key opportunity in addressing the energy sustainability issue as an informatics problem where the goal is to deliver energy usage feedback to the users as a means of enabling behavioral change towards energy sustainability. In this paper we present a method to provide appliance energy usage feedback from smart meters using energy disaggregation. We put energy disaggregation in the context of a source separation and signal reconstruction problem in which we train a fully convolutional encoder decoder network to separate appliance energy usage from aggregate whole house electricity consumption data. The results show that the proposed fully convolutional encoder decoder model can achieve competitive accuracy compared with several state-of-the-art methods.
A Novel Single-Stage High-Power-Factor Electronic Ballast With Symmetrical Half-Bridge Topology

This paper proposes a novel single-stage high-power-factor electronic ballast with symmetrical half-bridge topology for fluorescent lamps. The proposed electronic ballast only uses a symmetrical half-bridge topology to procure the functions of a boost power-factor-correction converter and a half-bridge series parallel-loaded inverter. In spite of its simplicity, an excellent performance concerning load and supply is achieved, ensuring a sinusoidal and in-phase supply current. The conventional electronic ballast circuit has larger conduction losses because its power-factor-correction (PFC) power flow path circuit always includes two diode losses from the front-end bridge rectifier and one power switch loss. The PFC power flow path of the proposed circuit has only two conduction drops in the current flow paths. Therefore, it can provide lower conduction loss compared to the conventional one. A prototype circuit designed for a 40-W fluorescent lamp operating at 50-kHz switching frequency and 110-V line voltage is built and tested to verify the analytical predictions.
Training Children To Use Learning Strategies To Improve Their Ability To Attain Concepts.

This study investigated the potential individual and combinatorial effects of learning strategy training and ability on children's acquisition of new concepts, and considered whether use of the generation of examples strategy would transfer to new concept lessons once the training had been completed, Subjects were 178 sixth grade students who were divided into three groups: (1) explicit training (ET) treatment group, in which subjects were taught to generate their own examples; (2) informed directions (ID) treatment group, in which students were merely directed to make up their own examples of the concepts taught; and (3) no training (NT) treatment group, in which students received no training in or information on strategy use. In addition to training for the first two groups, all three groups took part in transfer sessions designed to test and compare the effects of transfer of the learning strategy training for the tyro experimental groups with performance by the NT groups. Posttests showed that while the ET group scores were slightly higher than the ID group scores in the training session, there was no statistically significant difference among treatment condition posttest scores. The ET group used the learning strategy in the training session, but showed a significant drop in strategy use during the transfer sessions. The use of learning strategy was minimal by the ID group and almost nonexistent for the NT group. In addition, ability was found to correlate significantly with performance, but no significant difference was found in strategy use between high and low ability students. The text is supplemented by five tables and one figure. (57 references) (EW) *********************************************************************** Reproductions supplied by EDRS are the best that can be made from the original document. ***********************************************************************
Significance of restful web services in bigdata analytics

We are in Big Data technology, through which we analysis of the large volume of data like, peta data. Where there are many challenges in bigdata processing like, scalability issues, heterogeneity, error-handling, privacy, timeliness, source, and visualization, at all stages of the data analysis pipeline from data acquisition to final out come of data. To over come above significant problem, the technical challenges are common across a large variety of application domains, and cost-effective tools to addresses with the perspective of one domain itself. Apache Hadoop provide one such solution for above problem, but by analyzing the solution we identify some issues. The better solution for the above issue we purposed a restful web services. The main importance of the Restfulll Web services is scalability and heterogeneity with a variety of platform. In addition by improving MapReduce technique in Reorder phase leads to get a desirable result. In short in this paper we design and develop a framework for Big Data analytics using RestFul Web Services.
Growth of H5N1 Influenza A Viruses in the Upper Respiratory Tracts of Mice

Highly pathogenic avian H5N1 influenza A viruses have spread throughout Asia, Europe, and Africa, raising serious worldwide concern about their pandemic potential. Although more than 250 people have been infected with these viruses, with a consequent high rate of mortality, the molecular mechanisms responsible for the efficient transmission of H5N1 viruses among humans remain elusive. We used a mouse model to examine the role of the amino acid at position 627 of the PB2 viral protein in efficient replication of H5N1 viruses in the mammalian respiratory tract. Viruses possessing Lys at position 627 of PB2 replicated efficiently in lungs and nasal turbinates, as well as in cells, even at the lower temperature of 33 °C. Those viruses possessing Glu at this position replicated less well in nasal turbinates than in lungs, and less well in cells at the lower temperature. These results suggest that Lys at PB2–627 confers to avian H5N1 viruses the advantage of efficient growth in the upper and lower respiratory tracts of mammals. Therefore, efficient viral growth in the upper respiratory tract may provide a platform for the adaptation of avian H5N1 influenza viruses to humans and for efficient person-to-person virus transmission, in the context of changes in other viral properties including specificity for human (sialic acid α-2,6-galactose containing) receptors.
The Effect of Parental Divorce on Romantic Beliefs and Relationship Characteristics

This study investigated a proposed model hypothesizing that parental divorce would directly effect romantic beliefs and attitudes, romantic attachment and relationship characteristics. A sample of 494 young adults between the ages of 18 and 35 indicated that parental divorce does have a negative impact on romantic beliefs, attitudes toward marriage and divorce, romantic attachments, and relationship characteristics when considered in the context of marriage. Those individuals whose parents divorced reported less positive attitudes toward marriage and more openness toward divorce. Those whose parents divorced reported less idealized romantic beliefs and less of a belief that love will find a way. Those who experienced parental divorce had a more fearful romantic attachment style and reported a lower chance of marriage to their current partner.
Encephalomyelitis due to Cryptococcus neoformans var gattii presenting as spinal tumour: case report and review of the literature

A 24 year old immunocompetent German resident is described who developed multifocal encephalomyelitis due to infection withCryptococcus neoformans vargatti, commonly considered a disease of tropical regions. In the light of current knowlege on the epidemiology of C neoformans var gatti and the travel history of the patient it is assumed that the infection was aquired outside Europe. As exclusive intramedullary involvement is an outstandingly rare manifestation in spinal cryptococcosis, the particular diagnostic procedure and the therapeutic stratagies are discussed
Limiar de lactato em remadores: comparação entre dois métodos de determinação

The objective of this study was to compare the 4 mM (AT4) and Dmax methods for lactate threshold determination. Ten male (23.7 ± 3.33 years) and four female rowers (18 ± 0.81 years), divided into three groups: heavy weight (n = 6), light weight (n = 4), and female (n = 4), (87.23 ± 6.10, 73.22 ± 2.38, 63.27 ± 8.86 kg and 187.66 ± 1.63, 183 ± 6.05, 172 ± 5.16 cm respectively), were submitted to a maximal rowing ergometry, with initial workload of 130 to 150 W and increases of 30 to 50 W every 5 minutes, with 1 minute pause for blood sampling. Power output, heart rate and lactate values were determined at every workload and used for the determination of the thresholds according to both methods. Lactate concentration, power output and heart rate, identified by Dmax method were compared with the AT4 method in the heavy weight (3.01 ± 0.73 vs. 4 mM, 268.33 ± 29.44 vs. 312 ± 44.02 W and 164 ± 4.81 vs. 174 ± 10.09 bpm), light weight (2.51 ± 0.53 vs. 4 mM, 232.50 ± 15.00 vs. 277.50 ± 25.98 W and 160 ± 8.47 vs. 177 ± 3.79 bpm) and female (3.21 ± 0.41 vs. 4 mM, 160 ± 14.41 vs. 167.50 ± 15.00 W and 175 ± 20.42 vs. 185 ± 12.12 bpm) groups through the paired Student t-test, being significantly lower (p < 0.05) when the method Dmax was used. The results suggest that the AT4 method overestimates the variables analyzed in the lactate threshold when compared with the Dmax method.
Family size and schooling in sub-Saharan African settings: A reexamination

Contrary to theory and evidence from many other regions, previous studies in sub-Saharan Africa have found surprisingly weak associations between family size and schooling. It is unclear, however, whether these weak results reflect (spurious) limitations in methodology or (real) differences in context. This study uses schooling histories from Cameroon to test four contending methodological and contextual explanations for these weak results: measurement bias, statistical estimation bias, family buffering, and socioeconomic context. We find the strongest support for the last explanation: the relationship between family size and schooling varies with spatial and historical context. This relationship has strengthened within the country over time, and this raises concern about the implications of current demographic transitions on inequality among children.
Histology and H istopathology NaK-ATPase activity in the guinea pig stria vascularis in experimentally-induced endolymphatic hydrops

The effect of endolymphatic hydrops on the Na-K-ATPase activity in the guinea pig stria vascularis was electron microscopically and enzyme cytochemically investigated one year after experimental induction. The morphological observations revealed intercellular dropsy in the basal infoldings of the marginal cells, and shrinkage and disappearance of intermediate cells. Moreover, shrinkage of the marginal cells, especially of the basal infoldings, was occasionally observed. In spite of these morphological alterations, the Na-K-ATPase activity was still detected on the plasma membrane of the basal infoldings of most marginal cells. No remarkable differences were found among the cochlear turns of the specimens examined. However, no reaction product was detected on the basolateral plasma membrane of severely degenerated marginal cells. The present results indicate that the NaK-ATPase of the plasma membrane of the basal infoldings of the marginal cells plays an important role in the maintenance of the unique ion concentration of the endolymph even in the endolymphatic hydropic condition, and that the Na-K-ATPase activity i s attenuated in severely atrophic cells.
Up-Regulation of IL-18 and IL-12 in the Ileum of Neonatal Rats with Necrotizing Enterocolitis

Necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC) is a common and devastating gastrointestinal disease of premature infants. Because the proinflammatory cytokines IL-18, IL-12, and interferon (IFN)-γ have been implicated in other diseases of the small intestine, we hypothesized that these cytokines would play an important role in NEC pathogenesis. NEC was induced in newborn rats via enteral feeding with rat milk substitute and asphyxia and cold stress (RMS). Dam-fed, asphyxia- and cold-stressed littermates were used as controls (DF). After 96 h, the distal ileum was removed from all animals and processed to determine expression and localization of IL-18, IL-12, and IFN-γ using real-time reverse transcriptase PCR and immunohistology. IL-18 and IL-12 mRNA from the RMS group were increased (p ≤ 0.05) compared with DF controls, and there was a correlation between increasing IL-18 and IL-12 mRNA levels and progression of tissue damage (r = 0.629 and 0.588, respectively;p ≤ 0.05). Immunohistology revealed IL-18 in the cytoplasm of villi and crypt enterocytes and IL-12–positive monocytes/macrophages were increased with disease progression (r = 0.503, p ≤ 0.05). No differences in the number of IFN-γ–positive cells were observed between groups. These data demonstrate up-regulation of IL-18 and IL-12 in experimental NEC and a correlation between production of these proinflammatory cytokines and progression of tissue damage.
Orbit/Mast, the CLASP orthologue of Drosophila, is required for asymmetric stem cell and cystocyte divisions and development of the polarised microtubule network that interconnects oocyte and nurse cells during oogenesis

Drosophila oocyte differentiation is preceded by the formation of a polarised 16-cell cyst from a single progenitor stem cell as a result of four rounds of asymmetric mitosis followed by incomplete cytokinesis. We show that the Orbit/Mast microtubule-associated protein is required at several stages in the formation of such polarised 16-cell cysts. In wild-type cysts, the Orbit/Mast protein not only associates with the mitotic spindle and its poles, but also with the central spindle (spindle remnant), ring canal and fusome, suggesting it participates in interactions between these structures. In orbit mutants, the stem cells and their associated fusomes are eventually lost as Orbit/Mast protein is depleted. The mitotic spindles of those cystocytes that do divide are either diminutive or monopolar, and do not make contact with the fusome. Moreover, the spindle remnants and ring canals fail to differentiate correctly in such cells and the structure of fusome is compromised. The Orbit/Mast protein thus appears to facilitate multiple interactions of the fusome with mitotic spindles and ring canals. This ensures correct growth of the fusome into a branched asymmetrically distributed organelle that is pre-determinative of 16-cell cyst formation and oocyte fate specification. Finally the Orbit/Mast protein is required during mid-oogenesis for the organisation of the polarised microtubule network inside the 16-cell cyst that ensures oocyte differentiation. The localisation of CLIP-190 to such microtubules and to the fusome is dependent upon Orbit/Mast to which it is complexed.
Erythropoietin-independent colonies of red blood cells and leukocytosis in a worker exposed to low levels of benzene.

BACKGROUND Exposure to high levels of benzene commonly results in the suppression of hemopoiesis, although cases of leukocytosis and leukocytosis with thrombocytosis have been reported. No hematologic abnormalities have generally been found with exposure to low levels of benzene. METHODS A pipe fitter exposed to low levels of benzene (time-weighted average 0.9 ppm) developed leukocytosis. His blood counts and growth of erythroid burst forming units (BFU-E) was followed with and without the addition of erythropoietin. RESULTS Erythropoietin-independent BFU-E colonies were increased to 40 per 4 x 10(4) cells (normal < 3 per 4 x 10(4) cells). Both the leukocyte count and the number of erythropoietin-independent BFU-E colonies decreased when exposure to benzene was terminated. On reexposure the white blood count again increased. After the work was terminated, the white blood count returned to normal, as did the number of erythropoietin-independent BFU-E colonies, over a period of 12 months. CONCLUSIONS Our findings suggest that even low levels of benzene can result in perturbations of the hemopoietic system. Further studies are warranted to determine whether these findings are idiosyncratic, coincidental, or a more general phenomenon.
Cardiac-Specific Deletion of Gata4 Reveals Its Requirement for Hypertrophy, Compensation, and Myocyte Viability

The transcription factor GATA4 is a critical regulator of cardiac gene expression where it controls embryonic development, cardiomyocyte differentiation, and stress responsiveness of the adult heart. Traditional deletion of Gata4 caused embryonic lethality associated with endoderm defects and cardiac malformations, precluding an analysis of the role of GATA4 in the adult myocardium. To address the function of GATA4 in the adult heart, Gata4-loxP–targeted mice (Gata4fl/fl) were crossed with mice containing a β-myosin heavy chain (β-MHC) or α-MHC promoter-driven Cre transgene, which produced viable mice that survived into adulthood despite a 95% and 70% loss of GATA4 protein, respectively. However, cardiac-specific deletion of Gata4 resulted in a progressive and dosage-dependent deterioration in cardiac function and dilation in adulthood. Moreover, pressure overload stimulation induced rapid decompensation and heart failure in cardiac-specific Gata4-deleted mice. More provocatively, Gata4-deleted mice were compromised in their ability to hypertrophy following pressure overload or exercise stimulation. Mechanistically, cardiac-specific deletion of Gata4 increased cardiomyocyte TUNEL at baseline in embryos and adults as they aged, as well as dramatically increased TUNEL following pressure overload stimulation. Examination of gene expression profiles in the heart revealed a number of profound alterations in known GATA4-regulated structural genes as well as genes with apoptotic implications. Thus, GATA4 is a necessary regulator of cardiac gene expression, hypertrophy, stress-compensation, and myocyte viability.