Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Classification of proteins into groups based on amino acid composition and other characters. II. Grouping into four types.

Correlations of the amino acid composition of a protein to its location in an organism, biological function, folding type, and disulfide bond(s) were examined for 356 proteins. In the present data set, 325 proteins of known location and biological characters were divided into 122 intracellular enzymes (BI), 73 intracellular non-enzymes (BII), 45 extracellular enzymes (BIII), and 85 extracellular nonenzymes (BIV). The composition of these proteins were expressed as points in the composition space of 18 orthogonal axes, each representing the content of an amino acid. The distributions of points of BI and BIII were narrow and approximately spherical but those of BII and BIV were distributed rather widely. The groups are separated from each other in the space. We divided the space into four regions (A1 to A4) corresponding to the groups BI to BIV. A protein could be assigned to one of the four groups (A1 to A4) from its amino acid composition: The proteins correctly assigned amounted to 177 out of 195 intracellular proteins, and 94 out of 130 extracellular proteins. The correspondence was about 80% for classification into intracellular and extracellular proteins and 66% for that into the four groups. The folding type also had a significant correlation to the above groups, i.e., intracellular enzymes are rich in alpha/beta, nonenzymes alpha, extracellular enzymes beta and alpha + beta, and nonenzymes beta. The differences in average composition between intra- and extracellular proteins, and between enzymes and nonenzymes were related to the structural characters, i.e., intracellular proteins contain more amino acids favoring alpha-helix than extracellular ones, and enzymes contain more hydrophobic amino acids than nonenzymes. The statistics on 213 Cys-containing proteins showed that disulfide bond(s) are found mostly (90%) in the extracellular proteins. The results indicate that amino acid composition is well correlated to location in an organism, biological function, folding type, and disulfide bonding. The implications of the new findings are discussed from the protein-taxonomical point of view, and the validity of the present method is assessed.
Big Data Analytics: A Survey

Internet-based programs and communication techniques have become widely used and respected in the IT industry recently. A persistent source of "big data," or data that is enormous in volume, diverse in type, and has a complicated multidimensional structure, is internet applications and communications. Today, several measures are routinely performed with no assurance that any of them will be helpful in understanding the phenomenon of interest in an era of automatic, large-scale data collection. Online transactions that involve buying, selling, or even investing are all examples of e-commerce. As a result, they generate data that has a complex structure and a high dimension. The usual data storage techniques cannot handle those enormous volumes of data. There is a lot of work being done to find ways to minimize the dimensionality of big data in order to provide analytics reports that are even more accurate and data visualizations that are more interesting. As a result, the purpose of this survey study is to give an overview of big data analytics along with related problems and issues that go beyond technology.
Predictors of In‐Hospital Mortality After DC Catheter Ablation of Atrioventricular Junction: Results of a Prospective, International, Multicenter Study

Background The Catheter Ablation Registry was the first international, multicenter, pro-spective study of the safety and efficacy of catheter ablation. Methods and Results From August 1987 through March 1990, the study comprised 136 patients in whom only DC energy was used in attempted production of third-degree atrioven-tricular block to treat uncontrollable supraventricular tachycardias. Eight patients died during hospitalization for ablation. In seven (5.1%), the ablation may have contributed to their deaths. Causes of death included ventricular fibrillation (five patients, three with polymorphic ventricular tachycardia), progressive heart failure (one patient), and respiratory failure (two patients, one dying after resuscitation from ventricular fibrillation). Compared with survivors, patients who died were more likely to have had prior aborted sudden death (38% versus 2%, p< 0.05), congestive heart failure (88% versus 22%, p < 0.001), cardiomyopathy (50% versus 16%, p< 0.05), lower baseline systolic blood pressure (106 versus 138 mm Hg, p< 0.001), prolonged baseline and postablation corrected QT interval (p< 0.01), and markedly reduced ejection fraction (27% versus 52%, p< 0.001). Ablation successfully produced third-degree atrioventric-ular block in 88% of the patients who died and in 83% of survivors. Conclusions Catheter ablation of the atrioventricular junction with DC energy carries a significant, previously unrecognized risk of death (5.1%), particularly from lethal arrhythmias, when applied to patients with severe left ventricular dysfunction. Great care should be taken in these seriously ill patients to guard against postablation ventricular arrhythmias.
Effects of temperature gradient and elastic strain on spinodal decomposition and microstructure evolution of binary alloys

The phase-field model was extended to simulate spinodal decomposition under the temperature gradient and external elastic strain in binary alloys, and the variations of phase decomposition temperature and precipitate morphology were investigated. In the system with a temperature gradient, the phase decomposition happens gradually from low temperature to high temperature. The strain energy induced by the applied strain promotes spinodal decomposition, and the morphology orientation is intensified with the increase of temperature and applied strain. The inhomogeneous microstructure is induced under the temperature gradient and applied strain along the temperature increment. Promoted by the composition inhomogeneity of the early precipitates and applied strain, the transition of the spinodal decomposition to nucleation and growth occurred in the high temperature regions.
Extraction and physicochemical characteristics of ethanol from pineapple pulp and waste.

Pineapple is a rich source of ascorbic acid supplement to our diet. Pineapple pulp waste showed maximum amount of reducing sugars (30.5mg/100g) and ash(1.8mg/100g)respectively. Pineapple waste contains high concentration of biodegradable organic material and suspended particles. Pineapple waste showed higher concentration of crude fibre, non-reducing sugar, protein, ascorbic acid and moisture content. Therefore pineapple waste is used as substrate for growth of microbes in fermentation process to produce ethanol using yeast.
Frequency of Lumbar Intervertebral Disc Calcification and Angiogenesis, and Their Correlation With Clinical, Surgical, and Magnetic Resonance Imaging Findings

Study Design. This study measured the frequency of lumbar intervertebral disc nucleus pulposus microscopic calcification and angiogenesis in adult patients undergoing discectomy compared to normal cadavers. Objective. The results were compared to determine the relationship between disc microscopic calcification with disc degeneration type, histopathological angiogenesis, patients' age, gender, and duration of symptoms. Summary of Background Data. True frequency of microscopic calcification in normal or degenerated lumbar discs have not been fully defined nor linked to disc degeneration type and angiogenesis. Some studies demonstrated that angiogenesis and calcification are related to each other in several another tissues. Methods. The frequency of microscopic calcification in specimens of disc nucleus pulpous obtained from 2 groups were measured: specimens were obtained during surgery from 90 consecutive patients of 15 to 50 years old suffering from disc herniation in single level of L4–L5 or L5–S1 between 2005 and 2006, 60 additional specimens of lumbar disc nucleus pulposus were obtained from normal cadavers of the same ages. Calcification was determined microscopically by Von Kossa staining and angiogenesis by H/E, and type of degeneration radiologically by Modic classification. Results. Frequency of microscopic calcification was significantly higher in degenerated disc than normal cadaveric (54.4% vs. 6.7%) and was higher in Modic type III than type I (III: 95.0%, II: 57.4%, I: 13.0%), also prevalence of angiogenesis was significantly higher in patients than cadaveric discs (41.0% vs. 6.7%) and in calcified than noncalcified discs (59.2% vs. 19.5%) (P < 0.001). There was no relationship between disc calcification and patients' gender and level of discectomy. Conclusion. Disc nucleus pulposus microscopic calcification is a common event occurring in adult patients suffering from lumbar disc herniation. Mechanisms that link disc degeneration, angiogenesis, and calcification remain a focus for further researches that may be useful in future medical treatments before surgical treatment of lumbar disc herniation.
Evaluation of a web-based telehealth system: a preliminary investigation with seniors in New Zealand

Home telehealth systems are gaining popularity among seniors, but they are mostly doctor centric, focused on managing diseases instead of preventing them, and do not take into account the social needs of the users. Increasing numbers of seniors going online opens up opportunities to address the shortcomings of current telehealth systems. We have developed a patient-centric, web-based telehealth system which uses Web 2.0 technologies to add social support and user defined content. In this study, we have evaluated the functionalities, usability and user interface of the functional prototype with eight seniors of age range 67 to 90 by using a multi-method approach involving individual walkthrough, system usability scale (SUS), protocol analysis and interviews. Overall, users were satisfied with the usability of the system and functionalities promoting exercises and supporting weight management were in most demand. The evaluation of our prototype demonstrates that combining telehealth functionalities with social component and user-generated content is a promising way to enable users to proactively manage and improve their health.
Salient Region Detection and Segmentation in Images using Dynamic Mode Decomposition

Visual Saliency is the capability of vision system to select distinctive parts of scene and reduce the amount of visual data that need to be processed. The presentpaper introduces (1) a novel approach to detect salient regions by considering color and luminance based saliency scores using Dynamic Mode Decomposition (DMD), (2) a new interpretation to use DMD approach in static image processing. This approach integrates two data analysis methods: (1) Fourier Transform, (2) Principle Component Analysis.The key idea of our work is to create a color based saliency map. This is based on the observation thatsalient part of an image usually have distinct colors compared to the remaining portion of the image. We have exploited the power of different color spaces to model the complex and nonlinear behavior of human visual system to generate a color based saliency map. To further improve the effect of final saliency map, weutilized luminance information exploiting the fact that human eye is more sensitive towards brightness than color.The experimental results shows that our method based on DMD theory is effective in comparison with previous state-of-art saliency estimation approaches. The approach presented in this paperis evaluated using ROC curve, F-measure rate, Precision-Recall rate, AUC score etc.
The Evolution of Nitride Semiconductors

This chapter is designed to describe the evolution of nitride semiconductors. It was believed for long time that it was almost impossible to grow a high-quality gallium nitride (GaN) single crystal. This difficulty was overcome with low-temperature deposited buffer layer technology. This achievement opened up the pioneering path to the discovery of p-type conduction, control of n-type conductivity, and verification of quantum size effects. These breakthroughs have led to the novel and high-performance devices such as high-efficiency blue, green, and white light-emitting diodes, long-lived blue-violet lasers, low-noise ultra violet detectors, and high-speed transistors. Furthermore, ultraviolet light emitting diodes (UV-LEDs), which have recently been focused on as a leading edge of frontier application, have been improved by the reduction of threading dislocation density in an aluminum nitride gallium nitride (AlGaN) layer. All of these nitride-based devices are able to operate in a harsh environment because of their toughness. They should also enable a great saving in energy and are suitable for the protection of the environment. Nitride semiconductors and their devices are expected to contribute significantly to the future of the world.
Low Voltage Zones to Support Fault Location in Distribution Systems With Smart Meters

This paper proposes to combine the voltage monitoring capability of smart meters with impedance-based fault location methods to provide an efficient fault location approach improving service restoration. The first step of the proposed methodology is to apply an impedance-based method to obtain a rough estimation of fault location. Since the result is an estimated distance to the fault, multiple branches can be indicated due to the typical distribution systems topologies. Therefore, the challenge is: how to recognize the actual fault location? To solve this problem, voltage measurements from smart meters are used to build the low voltage zones (LVZs). The main contributions of the proposed fault location technique are to decrease the multiple estimations associated with impedance-based methods, to propose a systematic approach to build the LVZs, and to explore the presence of smart meters for fault location. The proposed method was tested through intensive and extensive simulations in a real distribution system, proving its efficiency.
Abnormal Cerebral Structure Is Present at Term in Premature Infants

Background. Long-term studies of the outcome of very prematurely born infants have clearly documented that the majority of such infants have significant motor, cognitive, and behavioral deficits. However, there is a limited understanding of the nature of the cerebral abnormality underlying these adverse neurologic outcomes. Aim. The overall aim of this study was to define quantitatively the alterations in cerebral tissue volumes at term equivalent in a large longitudinal cohort study of very low birth weight premature infants in comparison to term-born infants by using advanced volumetric 3-dimensional magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) techniques. We also aimed to define any relationship of such perinatal lesions as white matter (WM) injury or other potentially adverse factors to the quantitative structural alterations. Additionally, we wished to identify the relationship of the structural alterations to short-term neurodevelopmental outcome. Methods. From November 1998 to December 2000, 119 consecutive premature infants admitted to the neonatal intensive care units at Christchurch Women’s Hospital (Christchurch, New Zealand) and the Royal Women’s Hospital (Melbourne, Australia) were recruited (88% of eligible) after informed parental consent to undergo an MRI scan at term equivalent. Twenty-one term-born infants across both sites were recruited also. Postacquisition advanced 3-dimensional tissue segmentation with 3-dimensional reconstruction was undertaken to estimate volumes of cerebral tissues: gray matter (GM; cortical and deep nuclear structures), WM (myelinated and unmyelinated), and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF). Results. In comparison to the term-born infants, the premature infants at term demonstrated prominent reductions in cerebral cortical GM volume (premature infants [mean ± SD]: 178 ± 41 mL; term infants: 227 ± 26 mL) and in deep nuclear GM volume (premature infants: 10.8 ± 4.1 mL; term infants: 13.8 ± 5.2 mL) and an increase in CSF volume (premature infants: 45.6 ± 22.1 mL; term infants: 28.9 ± 16 mL). The major predictors of altered cerebral volumes were gestational age at birth and the presence of cerebral WM injury. Infants with significantly reduced cortical GM and deep nuclear GM volumes and increased CSF volume volumes exhibited moderate to severe neurodevelopmental disability at 1 year of age. Conclusions. This MRI study of prematurely born infants further defines the nature of quantitative cerebral structural abnormalities present as early as term equivalent. The abnormalities particularly involve cerebral neuronal regions including both cortex and deep nuclear structures. The pattern of cerebral alterations is related most significantly to the degree of immaturity at birth and to concomitant WM injury. The alterations are followed by abnormal short-term neurodevelopmental outcome.
Robust graph-cut scene segmentation and reconstruction for free-viewpoint video of complex dynamic scenes

Current state-of-the-art image-based scene reconstruction techniques are capable of generating high-fidelity 3D models when used under controlled capture conditions. However, they are often inadequate when used in more challenging outdoor environments with moving cameras. In this case, algorithms must be able to cope with relatively large calibration and segmentation errors as well as input images separated by a wide-baseline and possibly captured at different resolutions. In this paper, we propose a technique which, under these challenging conditions, is able to efficiently compute a high-quality scene representation via graph-cut optimisation of an energy function combining multiple image cues with strong priors. Robustness is achieved by jointly optimising scene segmentation and multiple view reconstruction in a view-dependent manner with respect to each input camera. Joint optimisation prevents propagation of errors from segmentation to reconstruction as is often the case with sequential approaches. View-dependent processing increases tolerance to errors in on-the-fly calibration compared to global approaches. We evaluate our technique in the case of challenging outdoor sports scenes captured with manually operated broadcast cameras and demonstrate its suitability for high-quality free-viewpoint video.
Are we working towards global research priorities for management and conservation of sea turtles

In 2010, an international group of 35 sea turtle researchers refined an initial list of more than 200 research questions into 20 metaquestions that were considered key for management and conservation of sea turtles. These were classified under 5 categories: reproductive biology, biogeography, population ecology, threats and conservation strategies. To obtain a picture of how research is being focused towards these key questions, we undertook a systematic review of the peer-reviewed literature (2014 and 2015) attributing papers to the original 20 questions. In total, we reviewed 605 articles in full and from these 355 (59%) were judged to substantively address the 20 key questions, with others focusing on basic science and monitoring. Progress to answering the 20 questions was not uniform, and there were biases regarding focal turtle species, geographic scope and publication outlet. Whilst it offers some meaningful indications as to effort, quantifying peer-reviewed literature output is obviously not the only, and possibly not the best, metric for understanding progress towards informing key conservation and management goals. Along with the literature review, an international group based on the original project consortium was assigned to critically summarise recent progress towards answering each of the 20 questions. We found that significant research is being expended towards global priorities for management and conservation of sea turtles. Although highly variable, there has been significant progress in all the key questions identified in 2010. Undertaking this critical review has highlighted that it may be timely to undertake one or more new prioritizing exercises. For this to have maximal benefit we make a range of recommendations for its execution. These include a far greater engagement with social sciences, widening the pool of contributors and focussing the questions, perhaps disaggregating ecology and conservation.
Memory characteristics of IrO x metal nanocrystals embedded in high-κ Al 2 O 3 films with IrO x metal gate

The memory characteristics of IrO x metal nanocrystals in an n-Si/SiO 2 /Al 2 O 3 /IrO x /Al 2 O 3 /IrO x structure with a small EOT of ~6 nm have been investigated. The IrO x metal nanocrystals with a small size of ~3 nm and high-density of ~0.7×1013/cm2 have been observed. The enhanced memory characteristics with a large memory window of ΔV~4V at a small gate voltage of x nanocrystals.
Amorphous Silicon Microbolometer Technology

Highly sensitive hydrogenated amorphous silicon (a-Si:H) microbolometer arrays have been developed that take advantage of the high temperature coefficient of resistance (TCR) of aSi:H and its relatively high optical absorption coefficient. TCR is an important design parameter and depends on material properties such as doping concentration. Ultra-thin (∼2000 A) aSiN x :H/a-Si:H/ a-SiN x :H membranes with low thermal mass suspended over silicon readout integrated circuits are built using RF plasma enhanced chemical vapor deposition (PECVD) and surface micromachining techniques. The IR absorptance of the bolometer detectors is enhanced by using quarter-wave resonant cavity structures and thin-film metal absorber layers. To ensure high thermal isolation the microbolometer arrays are vacuum packaged using wafer level vacuum packaging. Imaging applications include a 120×160 a-Si:H bolometer pixel array IR camera operating at ambient temperature. Non-imaging applications are multi-channel detectors for gas sensing systems.
Optimization Models of Natural Communication

Abstract A family of information theoretic models of communication was introduced more than a decade ago to explain the origins of Zipf’s law for word frequencies. The family is a based on a combination of two information theoretic principles: maximization of mutual information between forms and meanings and minimization of form entropy. The family also sheds light on the origins of three other patterns: the principle of contrast; a related vocabulary learning bias; and the meaning-frequency law. Here two important components of the family, namely the information theoretic principles and the energy function that combines them linearly, are reviewed from the perspective of psycholinguistics, language learning, information theory and synergetic linguistics. The minimization of this linear function is linked to the problem of compression of standard information theory and might be tuned by self-organization.
Latency of guideline effects: National Institute for Health and Clinical Excellence and other contributors to head injury management

In 1999, the Royal College of Surgeons updated the guidelines on the management of patients with head injury first issued in 1986.1,2 Prior to this, several other societies in the UK and elsewhere had released similar guidelines, preceded by research in Canada. National guidelines should lead to change of patient management.3 The latency of guideline effects was recently shown by a report in this journal.4 Repeatedly revised guidelines, …