Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Acting on Behalf of Others: The Developmental Underpinnings of Social Responsibility in Adolescence

The cascade of changes that occur in young people’s social and cognitive development during adolescence allows them to engage in more sophisticated and other-oriented thinking than when they were children. The purpose of this dissertation is to explore how adolescents respond to hypothetical situations where the safety or well-being of others is compromised. In particular, these studies explore adolescents’ feelings of responsibility for others in the context of tobacco and drug use by peers. A multi-method person-oriented research design was used to assess intraindividual change and interindividual differences. Study 1 presented 790 adolescents with vignettes about a friend who begins smoking cigarettes or using drugs and asked how likely they would be to respond using different strategies. Latent transition analysis revealed four adolescent profiles based on the likelihood of seeking adult help, talking to the friend, ending the relationship with the user, and ignoring the situation. There were significant changes from early to late adolescence with fewer youth estimated to fit into profiles that involved ending the relationship or intervening with age. Adolescents who were female, valued social responsibility, understood the risks of and refrained from substance use, and felt that substance use was not simply the individual user’s business were more likely to endorse intervening on behalf of a friend. Using a qualitative approach, Study 2 examined how adolescents reason about marijuana use and whether their reasoning changes when the risks extend beyond the self. A textual analysis of written responses to four open-ended questions provided by 1,127 adolescents revealed that while most young people disagree with a peer using marijuana and offering it to others, they use a broad range of reasoning to justify their opinions and these justifications vary systematically with age and whether other people could be harmed. Collectively, results contribute to our understanding of adolescents’ responsiveness to situations where a peer may require help, as well as provide insight into the developmental underpinnings of social responsibility in adolescence.
Boosting the performance of flow-sensitive points-to analysis using value flow

Points-to analysis is a fundamental static analysis technique which computes the set of memory objects that a pointer may point to. Many different applications, such as security-related program analyses, bug checking, and analyses of multi-threaded programs, require precise points-to information to be effective. Recent work has focused on improving the precision of points-to analysis through flow-sensitivity and great progress has been made. However, even with all recent progress, flow-sensitive points-to analysis can still be much slower than a flow-insensitive analysis. In this paper, we propose a novel method that simplifies flow-sensitive points-to analysis to a general graph reachability problem in a value flow graph. The value flow graph summarizes dependencies between pointer variables, including those memory dependencies via pointer dereferences. The points-to set for each pointer variable can then be computed as the set of memory objects that can reach it in the graph. We develop an algorithm to build the value flow graph efficiently by examining the pointed-to-by set of a memory object, i.e., the set of pointers that point to an object. The pointed-to-by information of memory objects is very useful for applications such as escape analysis, and information flow analysis. Our approach is intuitive, easy to implement and very efficient. The implementation is around 2000 lines of code and it is more efficient than existing flow-sensitive points-to analyses. The runtime is comparable with the state-of-the-art flow-insensitive points-to analysis.
Spatial clustering for the regionalization of maize cultivation in China and its outlier analysis

Regionalization of crop cultivation is the foundation of large-scale planting and a reasonable layout scheme, but current approaches mainly rely on qualitative analysis and heuristic methods, which cannot meet the progressively challenging demands. In this study, we propose a spatial clustering approach that consists of two steps. First, attributive clustering is applied on the indicators. Second, post-processing step of spatial contiguity adjustment is applied according to specific rules. This two-step algorithm results in clustered regions which are both contiguous in spatial relation and similar in attributes. In this paper, we demonstrate the use of a spatial clustering method on the regionalization of crop cultivation, with the maize growing in China as an example. The result shows that the result is highly consistent with the conventional regionalization of maize cultivation in China, which proves the feasibility of our approach, and suggests its possible application on other crops. Furthermore, we carry out outlier analysis for each of the regions to identify the counties that show abnormal behaviors in maize cultivation, and further analyze the possible causes.
The Combined Use of Correlative and Mechanistic Species Distribution Models Benefits Low Conservation Status Species

Species can respond to climate change by tracking appropriate environmental conditions in space, resulting in a range shift. Species Distribution Models (SDMs) can help forecast such range shift responses. For few species, both correlative and mechanistic SDMs were built, but allis shad (Alosa alosa), an endangered anadromous fish species, is one of them. The main purpose of this study was to provide a framework for joint analyses of correlative and mechanistic SDMs projections in order to strengthen conservation measures for species of conservation concern. Guidelines for joint representation and subsequent interpretation of models outputs were defined and applied. The present joint analysis was based on the novel mechanistic model GR3D (Global Repositioning Dynamics of Diadromous fish Distribution) which was parameterized on allis shad and then used to predict its future distribution along the European Atlantic coast under different climate change scenarios (RCP 4.5 and RCP 8.5). We then used a correlative SDM for this species to forecast its distribution across the same geographic area and under the same climate change scenarios. First, projections from correlative and mechanistic models provided congruent trends in probability of habitat suitability and population dynamics. This agreement was preferentially interpreted as referring to the species vulnerability to climate change. Climate change could not be accordingly listed as a major threat for allis shad. The congruence in predicted range limits between SDMs projections was the next point of interest. The difference, when noticed, required to deepen our understanding of the niche modelled by each approach. In this respect, the relative position of the northern range limit between the two methods strongly suggested here that a key biological process related to intraspecific variability was potentially lacking in the mechanistic SDM. Based on our knowledge, we hypothesized that local adaptations to cold temperatures deserved more attention in terms of modelling, but further in conservation planning as well.
Attacks on Virtual Machine Emulators

As virtual machine emulators have become commonplace in the analysis of malicious code, malicious code has started to fight back. This paper describes known attacks against the most widely used virtual machine emulators (VMware and VirtualPC). This paper also demonstrates newly discovered attacks on other virtual machine emulators (Bochs, Hydra, QEMU, and Xen), and describes how to defend against them. Index Terms Hardware-assisted, Hypervisor, Paravirtualization, Virtual Machine
Targeting HIV-related Medication Side Effects and Sentiment Using Twitter Data

We present a descriptive analysis of Twitter data. Our study focuses on extracting the main side effects associated with HIV treatments. The crux of our work was the identification of personal tweets referring to HIV. We summarize our results in an infographic aimed at the general public. In addition, we present a measure of user sentiment based on hand-rated tweets
Understanding the Experience-Centeredness of Privacy and Security Technologies

The joint study of computer security, privacy and human-computer interaction (HCI) over the last two decades has shaped a research agenda focused upon usable privacy & security. However, in HCI research more generally there has long been an awareness of the need to understand and design for user experience, in recognition of the complex and multi-faceted role that technology now plays in our lives. In this paper we add to the growing discussion by introducing the notion of experience-centered privacy and security. We argue that in order to engage users of technology around issues related to experiences of privacy and security, research methods are required that may be outside of the normal repertoire of methods that we typically call upon. We describe three projects that developed non-typical research methods to reveal experiential insights into user interactions with privacy and security-related technologies. We conclude by proposing a research agenda that begins to illustrate how the discourse and methods of experience-centered design might serve to provide valuable alternative perspectives on new and enduring user-facing privacy and security problems.
Additional Appendix to "m-Testing of Model Specification in Many Groups

In order to restrain a flux loss for obtaining magnetic characteristic required for high-speed printing, a wire dot printer head has armature 4 having a pivot shaft serving as a center of a pivot and pivotably provided so as to oppose to plural cores formed on a yoke and an armature spacer provided on the yoke for forming a side magnetic path with respect to the armature, wherein, supposing that each of the saturated magnetic fluxes of the yoke, the armatures and the armature spacer is defined as A, B and C in this order, these components are formed to establish a relationship of A>=B>=C.
Grammatical Constraints on Code-Mixing: Evidence from Hindi-English

Paradis (1980:501) observes that bilingual language switching has been studied from many angles. Linguistic studies have investigated where in the sentence a switch is more likely to occur, whether within or between constituents, for instance. Social psychologists have probed the reason why a bilingual is likely to switch between languages. Sociolinguistic studies, by far the most numerous, have looked into the external social conditions that control when switches are likely to occur. How bilinguals are able to keep their languages apart and are able to switch from one to the other has been the subject of investigation of psycholinguistic studies, and the neurolinguist has asked what brain mechanisms are responsible for the switching.
Analysis of the Effect of Temperature Variations on Sub-threshold Leakage Current in P3 and P4 SRAM Cells at Deep Sub-Micron CMOS Technology

With ever increasing power density and temperature variations within high density VLSI chips, it is very important to study the temperature effects on the devices in a compact way and to predict their scaling. In this paper, the sub-threshold leakage power analysis of the P3 and P4 SRAM cells has been carried out at a temperature range from -25C to +125C. It has been observed that the sub-threshold leakage and the standby power dissipation increases with increase in temperature. However, due to the stacked pMOS design used in P4 and P3 SRAM cells, minimum sub-threshold leakage and standby leakage power is observed as compared to the conventional 6T design. General Terms SRAM, DSM, VLSI.
Integration of semistructured data with partial and inconsistent information

Data integration from several sources has gained considerable attention with the recent popularity of the World Wide Web. In the real world, some information may be missing (i.e. partial) and some may be inconsistent from several sources. How to obtain information that is as complete as possible and how to detect inconsistency from these sources is thus an interesting question. Most existing work uses a simple graph-based or tree-based semistructured data model to represent heterogeneous data coming from various sites, which fails to account for the existence of partial and inconsistent information. In this paper, we redefine the notion of semistructured objects to reflect the existence of partial and inconsistent information and study how to integrate such objects spread over various sources and check their consistency in the meantime. We propose a new integration operator for this purpose and discuss its semantic properties.
A Survey of Sketch Based Modeling Systems

3D modeling is an intricate and laboriously process which requires considerable investment of time to master. Researchers have long pondered on creating systems that would automate the steps followed by skilled 3D artists to generate detailed and realistic 3D models. Sketch Based Modeling (SBM) is a very broad area within the field of Computer Science spanning several sub-fields such as Computational Geometry, 3D Shape Retrieval, Computer Vision, Computer Graphics, and Object Oriented Programming to name a few. The interpretation of sketches to assist artists to create 3D models serves as the main idea behind efficient SBM systems. In this paper we have reviewed and analyzed recent and salient state-of-art techniques in Sketch Based Modeling. We have provided a classification of these techniques and pointed out their advantages and disadvantages.
Music information retrieval by detecting mood via computational media aesthetics

It is well known that music can convey emotion and modulate mood, to retrieve music by mood is sometimes the exclusive manner people select music to enjoy. We concentrate on music retrieval by detecting mood. Mood detection is implemented on the viewpoint of computational media aesthetics, that is, by analyzing two music dimensions, tempo and articulation, in the procedure of making music, we derive four categories of mood, happiness, anger, sadness and fear. Concretely, with regard to music in the format of raw audio, after tempo is detected using a multiple agent approach, a feature called relative tempo is calculated, and after the mean and standard deviation of the feature called average silence ratio in the presented computational articulation model are calculated, a simple BP neural network classifier is trained to detect mood. Users retrieval music by browsing the 3D visualization of feature space associated with specific mood. We report the experimental result on a test corpus of 353 pieces of popular music with various genres.
Semantically Congruent Visual Stimuli Can Improve Auditory Memory

We investigated the effects of audiovisual semantic congruency on recognition memory performance. It has been shown previously that memory performance is better for semantically congruent stimuli that are presented together in different modalities (e.g., a dog’s bark with a picture of the dog) during encoding, compared to stimuli presented together with an incongruent or non-semantic stimulus across modalities. We wanted to clarify whether this congruency effect is also present when the effects of response bias and uncertainty of stimulus type are removed. The participants memorized auditory or visual stimuli (sounds, spoken words or written words), which were either presented with a semantically congruent stimulus in the other modality or presented alone during encoding. This experimental paradigm allowed us to utilize signal detection theory in performance analysis. In addition, it enabled us to eliminate possible effects caused by intermingling congruent stimuli with incongruent or non-semantic stimuli, as previously done in other studies. The memory of sounds was facilitated when accompanied by semantically congruent pictures or written words, in comparison to sounds presented in isolation. The memory of spoken words was facilitated by semantically congruent pictures. However, written words did not facilitate memory of spoken words, or vice versa . These results suggest that semantically congruent verbal and non-verbal visual stimuli presented in tandem with auditory counterparts, can enhance the precision of auditory encoding, except when the stimuli in each modality are both verbal.
Computationally efficient adaptive system identification in subbands with intersubband tap assignment for undermodelled problems

This paper presents an efficient approach to adaptive system identification in undermodelled cases, i.e. when the impulse response to be identified is too long to be represented by an adaptive FIR filter operating within the computational benchmarks of a DSP chip. Beyond computational savings gained from adaptive filtering in decimated subbands, the subband approach enables to use different filter lengths in the frequency bands through distribution of taps from an overall number of filter weights determined by the computational benchmark. Compared to a fullband filter of the same complexity, this method can greatly enhance the model representation of long impulse responses.
2011 6th International Conference on Risks and Security of Internet and Systems (crisis) Behaviour-based Virus Detection System Using Interval Temporal Logic

—Every day, the growing number of viruses causes major damage to computer systems. Existing antivirus products do not provide a full solution to the problems associated with viruses. One of the most encouraging recent developments in virus research is the use of logic formulae to model the behaviour of viruses, which provides alternatives to classic virus detection methods. The proposed research uses temporal logic and behaviour-based detection mechanism to detect viruses. Interval Temporal Logic (ITL) will be used to generate virus specifications, properties and formulae based on the analysis of the behaviour of computer viruses. The detection mechanism will use Tempura, the executable subset of ITL, i.e., satisfaction of a Tempura formula means a virus has been detected. The process will also use AnaTempura, an integrated workbench tool for ITL that supports our system specifications. AnaTempura will offer validation of the ITL specifications and detects whether a virus has occurred or not.
Toward encryption with neural network analogy

We propose here a new model of encryption of binary data taking advan tage of the complexity of dynamics of a model motivated by a neural network with delays. In this scheme, the encryption process is a coupling dynamics with various time delays bet ween di erent bits (or neurons) in the original data. It is observed that decoding of the encrypted data may be extremely di cult without a complete knowledge of the coupling manner with associated delays for all bits of the data.
Videokonferenzen im DaF-Bereich? Überlegungen zu Möglichkeiten und Grenzen am Beispiel »Skype in the classroom«

Zusammenfassung Die Entwicklung der Mikroprozessoren und die damit einhergehende Massentauglichkeit der modernen Kommunikationsmedien haben dazu geführt, dass Individuen Gespräche vermehrt kulturübergreifend - und über Ländergrenzen hinweg - über das Internet führen können. Als moderne Kommunikationsform etabliert sich seit einigen Jahren immer weiter die Videokonferenz. Ihr didaktisches Potenzial wurde allerdings aus (fremd-)sprachwissenschaftlicher und (fremd-)sprachdidaktischer Sicht bislang verhältnismäßig wenig diskutiert.1 Wir wollen mit diesem Beitrag einen allgemeinen Überblick zur Forschungslage über den Nutzen von Videokonferenzen im Unterricht geben und der Frage nachgehen, ob Videokonferenzsoftware und Kontaktvermittlungsportale wie »Skype in the classroom« Möglichkeiten bieten, die kulturübergreifende Videokommunikation für den DaF-Bereich nutzbar zu machen.
Evolution of Indirect Reciprocity by Image Scoring/ The Dynamics of Indirect Reciprocity

The question of cooperation is crucial for understanding Darwinian evolution. Theories of cooperation have been based on kin selection, group selection, and reciprocal altruism. The idea of reciprocal altruism usually involves direct reciprocity: repeated encounters between the same individuals allow for the return of an altruistic act by the recipient. Here we present a new theoretical framework, which is based on indirect reciprocity and does not require the two individuals ever to meet again. Individual selection can nevertheless favor cooperative strategies directed towards recipients that have helped others in the past. Cooperation pays because it confers the image of a valuable community member. We present computer simulations and analytic models to specify the conditions for evolutionary stability of indirect reciprocity. In particular we show that the probability of knowing the image of the recipient must exceed the cost-to-benefit ratio of the altruistic act. We argue that the emergence of indirect reciprocity was a decisive step for the evolution of human societies.
Transcatheter aortic valve implantation: role of multi-detector row computed tomography to evaluate prosthesis positioning and deployment in relation to valve function.

AIMS Aortic regurgitation after transcatheter aortic valve implantation (TAVI) is one of the most frequent complications. However, the underlying mechanisms of this complication remain unclear. The present evaluation studied the anatomic and morphological features of the aortic valve annulus that may predict aortic regurgitation after TAVI. METHODS AND RESULTS In 53 patients with severe aortic stenosis undergoing TAVI, multi-detector row computed tomography (MDCT) assessment of the aortic valve apparatus was performed. For aortic valve annulus sizing, two orthogonal diameters were measured (coronal and sagittal). In addition, the extent of valve calcifications was quantified. At 1-month follow-up after procedure, MDCT was repeated to evaluate and correlate the prosthesis deployment to the presence of aortic regurgitation. Successful procedure was achieved in 48 (91%) patients. At baseline, MDCT demonstrated an ellipsoid shape of the aortic valve annulus with significantly larger coronal diameter when compared with sagittal diameter (25.1 +/- 2.4 vs. 22.9 +/- 2.0 mm, P < 0.001). At follow-up, MDCT showed a non-circular deployment of the prosthesis in six (14%) patients. Moderate post-procedural aortic regurgitation was observed in five (11%) patients. These patients showed significantly larger aortic valve annulus (27.3 +/- 1.6 vs. 24.8 +/- 2.4 mm, P = 0.007) and more calcified native valves (4174 +/- 1604 vs. 2444 +/- 1237 HU, P = 0.005) at baseline and less favourable deployment of the prosthesis after TAVI. CONCLUSION Multi-detector row computed tomography enables an accurate sizing of the aortic valve annulus and constitutes a valuable imaging tool to evaluate prosthesis location and deployment after TAVI. In addition, MDCT helps to understand the underlying mechanisms of post-procedural aortic regurgitation.
The Role of Agriculture and Small Farms in Economic Development

We also learnt much about the conditions under which agriculture-led growth is most likely to succeed. There are five key conditions. First, agricultural growth needs to be technologically driven so that output prices can fall while farm incomes increase. It is not enough to simply use more farm inputs like fertilizer and irrigation water and investments in productivity-enhancing agricultural research and development that reduces unit costs of production and sustains yield growth over time are also critical for success.