Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Variability of cloud optical depth and cloud droplet effective radius in layer clouds : satellite based analysis

Measurements made by the A V H R R (Advanced Very High Resolution Radiometer) on board of five N O A A polar orbiting satellites were used to retrieve cloud optical depth (T) and cloud droplet effective radius (rejj) for marine boundary layer clouds over the Pacific Ocean west of California and over the Southern Ocean near Tasmania. Retrievals were obtained for 21 days of data acquired between 1987 and 1995 from which over 300 subscenes ~ 256 km x 256 km in size were extracted. On this spatial scale cloud fields were found to have mean r between 8 and 32 and mean reff between 6 and 17 (j,m. The frequency distribution of r is well approximated by a two parameter gamma distribution. The gamma distribution also provides a good fit to the observed reff distribution if the distribution is symmetric or positively skewed but fails for negatively skewed or bi-modal distributions of rejf which were also observed. The retrievals show a relationship between T and refj which is consistent with a simple "reference" cloud model with reff ~ r 1 / 5 . The proportionality constant depends on cloud droplet number concentration iV and cloud subadiabaticity 8 through the parameter Nsat = N/y/]3. Departures from the reference behaviour occur in scenes with spatially coherent Nsat regimes, separated by a sharp boundary. A V H R R imagery is able to separate two Nsat regimes if they differ by at least 30% in most cases. Satellite retrievals of r and rejf were compared with in situ aircraft measurement near Tasmania. The retrievals overestimated refj,by 0.7 to 3.6 fim on different flights, in agreement with results from earlier comparison studies. The reff overestimation was found to be an offset independent of r. The reference cloud model and the Nsat retrieval were tested on aircraft data and yield results consistent with direct in situ measurements of N and 8. Spectral and multifractal analyses of the spatial structure of cloud visible radiance, r and reff fields in 34 satellite scenes revealed scale breaks at 3 to 20
Sensitive and Compact Evanescent-Waveguide Optical Detector for Sugar Sensing in Commercial Beverages

This work presents a compact and sensitive refractive index sensor able to evaluate the concentration of an analyte in a sample. Its working principle leverages on the changes in the optical absorption features introduced by the sample itself on the evanescent waves of a light beam. The device’s high compactness is achieved by embedding the sample–light interaction site and the detector in a 1 cm2 glass substrate, thanks to microelectronics technologies. High sensitivity is obtained by employing a low-noise p-i-n hydrogenated amorphous silicon junction, whose manufacture process requires only four UV lithographic steps on a glass substrate, thus ensuring low production costs. The system’s capabilities are investigated by sensing the sugar content in three commercial beverages. Sensitivities of 32, 53 and 80 pA/% and limits of detection of 47, 29 and 18 ppm are achieved. The above performance is comparable with state-of-the-art results available in the literature, where more complex optical setups, expensive instrumentation and bulky devices are used.
Robotic-Assisted Rehabilitation for Post-Stroke Shoulder Pain: A Systematic Review

Post-stroke shoulder pain (PSSP) is a debilitating consequence of hemiplegia, often hindering rehabilitation efforts and further limiting motor recovery. With the advent of robotic-assisted therapies in neurorehabilitation, there is potential for innovative interventions for PSSP. This study systematically reviewed the current literature to determine the effectiveness of robotic-assisted rehabilitation in addressing PSSP in stroke patients. A comprehensive search of databases was conducted, targeting articles published up to August 2023. Studies were included if they investigated the impact of robotic-assisted rehabilitation on PSSP. The outcome of interest was pain reduction. The risk of bias was assessed using the Cochrane database. Of the 187 initially identified articles, 3 studies met the inclusion criteria, encompassing 174 patients. The reviewed studies indicated a potential benefit of robotic-assisted rehabilitation in reducing PSSP, with some studies also noting improvements in the range of motion and overall motor function. However, the results varied across studies, with some showing more significant benefits than others, because these use different protocols and robotic equipment.
Injection molding process for fabricating metalens with multi-height and high-aspect ratio nanostructures

Injection molding process is one of the most productive techniques having potential to fabricate nanostructures rapidly and efficiently in large numbers. We have developed a high aspect ratio nanostructure replication process for metalens with multi height nanopillars by injection molding. The process that we have developed consists of three main steps: master mold replication, Ni stamper fabrication and injection molding. The master mold was surface-treated with a lowmolecular-weight fluorine material to produce replica of high aspect ratio nanopillars by imprinting. The composite process of conformal deposition to form base electrode layer and nickel electroplating realized the fabrication of a stout, void-free Ni stamper from the master mold replica. In injection molding for nanopillars with a high aspect ratio, the Ni stamper surface was treated by the surfactant to improve releasability and the thermoplastics temperature at the injection was controlled to adjust its flow rate. The influences of the Ni stamper surface treatment and the thermoplastics temperature on the final replication quality were investigated. It was found that the Ni stamper surface treatment improved the releasability and suppressed the elongation and inclination of the formed nanopillars. Also, the wellcontrolled thermoplastics temperature realized the high aspect ratio nanopillar replication. Finally, we have obtained a plastic metalens by injection molding, which replicates the mold properly. It shows that injection molding process has great potential for metasurface mass-production.
ColorBrewer in Print: A Catalog of Color Schemes for Maps

ColorBrewer is a tool that assists mapmakers in choosing and creating color schemes. It is available online at . The color schemes range from 3 to 12 classes and are organized into three basic categories: sequential, diverging, and qualitative. Each of these scheme types has general perceptual characteristics which are described using Munsell hue, value, and chroma specifications. Each scheme has been proofed from color-separated negatives and adjusted to offer CMYK (cyan, magenta, yellow, and black) specifications that produce a readable map when they are used in process-printed publications. This paper offers a printed catalog of all of the ColorBrewer schemes to allow mapmakers to evaluate the appearance of each scheme before they commit to using them in print publications. Since process-color proofing is expensive, this catalog will reduce mapmakers' costs and allow them to be more confident that their maps will make the transition from the desktop computing environment to publication without compromising the intended message through poor color specification.
Analysing active power reserve strategies for photovoltaic systems under varying shading scenarios: a comparative study

The installed capacity of grid-connected solar photovoltaic (PV) systems is increasing rapidly; therefore, in the near future, the total system inertia may possibly decrease. Reserving some active power in PV systems is crucial to manage the problem of low inertia. In this paper, we critically analyse and compare the performances of several active power reserve and frequency regulation techniques for PV systems. The discussed techniques do not use energy storage devices and are aimed at enabling the inertial capabilities of PV systems. These techniques are broadly classified according to the shading conditions and methodologies adopted for reserve generation. In this paper, we closely investigate different deloading techniques used in PV systems. In deloading, PV systems are operated at a voltage distant from the maximum power point. Further, we also address the effectiveness and suitability of the aforementioned techniques under different operating conditions. Through this review paper, we aim to provide a one-stop reference for PV researchers to select appropriately from the available reserve techniques for designing flexible DC–DC controls for PV systems.
Aging, Inflammation, and Comorbidity in Cancers—A General In Silico Study Exemplified by Myeloproliferative Malignancies

Simple Summary Cancer escape links to the insufficient immune response. Thus, transition from a pre-cancerous state to cancerous development induced by morbidities competing for the immune resources is possible. We propose a simple but general conceptual model which suggests a unified explanation of cancer escape and other clinical and epidemiological observations, such as age-dependent prevalence and increased risk of getting cancer for patients with chronic inflammatory diseases. Myeloproliferative malignancy is used as a case throughout when specific data is considered but we conjecture the finding are general since they originate from immune deficiencies. Abstract (1) Background: We consider dormant, pre-cancerous states prevented from developing into cancer by the immune system. Inflammatory morbidity may compromise the immune system and cause the pre-cancer to escape into an actual cancerous development. The immune deficiency described is general, but the results may vary across specific cancers due to different variances (2) Methods: We formulate a general conceptual model to perform rigorous in silico consequence analysis. Relevant existing data for myeloproliferative malignancies from the literature are used to calibrate the in silico computations. (3) Results and conclusions: The hypothesis suggests a common physiological origin for many clinical and epidemiological observations in relation to cancers in general. Examples are the observed age-dependent prevalence for hematopoietic cancers, a general mechanism-based explanation for why the risk of cancer increases with age, and how somatic mutations in general, and specifically seen in screenings of citizens, sometimes are non-increased or even decrease when followed over time. The conceptual model is used to characterize different groups of citizens and patients, describing different treatment responses and development scenarios.
Adolescent help-seeking: an exploration of associations with perceived cause of emotional distress

Background Help-seeking is intrinsic to efforts to manage the onset, maintenance, or escalation of mental health difficulties during adolescence. However, our understanding of adolescent help-seeking remains somewhat nebulous. A greater comprehension of help-seeking behavior from the perspective of adolescents is needed. It is also prudent to explore help-seeking behavior in the context of perceived cause for emotional distress, particularly as causal beliefs have been found to influence help-seeking behavior in adults. Objectives The present study sought to categorize adolescents' experiences of help-seeking, and to examine the extent to which these categories (or “types”) of help-seeking behavior are associated with their perceptions of causal factors for emotional distress. Methods The data for this study were drawn from interviews conducted as part of the HeadStart Learning Programme. The sample comprised of 32 young people aged 11–12 years. Ideal-type analysis, a qualitative form of person-centered analysis, was used to construct a typology of adolescent help-seeking. Participants' help-seeking “type” was then compared with their perceived cause for emotional distress “type. ” Findings We developed four distinct categories of help-seeking: (1) guided by others who have taken notice; (2) skeptical with unmet needs; (3) motivated and solution focused; and (4) preference for self-regulation. Simultaneously, we identified principal associations between perceived cause of emotional distress—(1) perceived lack of control; (2) unfair treatment; (3) others: their actions and judgements as the catalyst; (4) concern for self and others; and (5) self as cause—and help-seeking approaches. “Perceived lack of control” was most likely to be associated with “others who have taken notice”; “Unfair treatment” with “skeptical with unmet needs”; “others: their actions and judgements as the catalyst” with “motivated and solution focused”; “concern for self and others' with ‘guided by others who have taken notice”; finally, “self as cause” was most likely to be associated with “preference for self-regulation. ” Conclusions This study demonstrates meaningful and distinct categories of adolescent help-seeking and offers empirical evidence to support the assertion that perceived cause for emotional distress may influence the help-seeking approaches of adolescents.
N uptake conditions during summer in the Subantarctic and Polar Frontal Zones of the Australian sector of the Southern Ocean

[1] N uptake data obtained from 15N tracer techniques were surveyed in surface waters of the Subantarctic and Polar Frontal Zones southwest of Tasmania during summer 1998. The N flux rates and f ratio were computed using inverse modeling. The approach provides a general framework for the handling of random and systematic variations. Furthermore, factorial experiments based on controlled ammonium additions were used to study the sensitivity of the f ratio relative to perturbations of the regenerated nutrient supply. This was achieved in distinct regions: the Subtropical Convergence Zone, the Subantarctic Zone, the Subantarctic Front, and the Polar Frontal Zone. Overall, the stability of the f ratio appeared closely related to the availability of both dissolved iron and ammonium. The effect of one factor depended on the level of the other one, and the interaction influenced the f ratio patterns. The relationship between f ratio and ammonium supplementation ranged from linear to convex curves, with the steepest slopes in water masses rich in dissolved iron and with low ammonium content. The magnitude of this variation may have important ecological and geochemical consequences. Our results suggest that only versatile systems are able to exhibit events of high new production.
Assessment of the influence of managerial service quality on occupants’ satisfaction in Housing Estates in Abuja, Nigeria.

In the rapidly developing Federal Capital of Nigeria, Abuja, understanding the relationship between managerial service quality and occupants' satisfaction is crucial for sustainable housing development. This study addresses this by assessing the influence of managerial service quality on occupants' satisfaction in housing estates in Abuja, Nigeria. Notably, there is a dearth of information on occupants’ satisfaction of housing estates within the Nigerian context, existing studies mainly focus on the physical environment. Using a survey-based cross-sectional design, data was collected through structured questionnaires from two housing estates in Abuja, focusing on occupants' perceptions of managerial service quality components. The study evaluated four key aspects of managerial service quality as independent variables: Facility Management, Management's Responsiveness to Complaints, Waste Management, and Environmental Hygiene. The data underwent inferential analysis, with correlation analysis gauging the strength and direction of the relationship between the dependent and independent variables, and multiple regression analysis used for hypothesis testing. Preliminary findings revealed a positive correlation between managerial service quality and occupants' satisfaction. From the results of multiple regression analysis, three hypotheses revealed a significant positive relationship with occupants’ satisfaction, while one hypothesis showed an insignificant but positive relationship with occupants’ satisfaction. This study underscores the critical role of effective estate management in improving occupants' quality of life and fostering sustainable urban development. Findings from the study can inform policymaking, shape property management practices, and empower housing estate administrators to meet the evolving needs and expectations of housing estate occupants.
Modeling of Strong-Motion Data in Northeastern India: Q, Stress Drop, and Site Amplification

Abstract In this article point source seismological model is used to model the available strong-motion accelerograms in northeastern India. Key seismic parameters such as Quality factor ( Q -value), kappa factor ( κ 0 ), site amplification, and stress drop are derived from the strong-motion data. A total of 111 three-component records coming from seven earthquakes with magnitudes ranging from M w 5.2 to 7.2 are used in obtaining the source and path parameters. The Q -value of the Indo–Burma tectonic domain, which is a subduction zone, is obtained as 431 f 0.7 . For the Bengal basin–Shillong plateau region the Quality factor is estimated as 224 f 0.93 . The kappa factors for vertical and horizontal components are obtained as 0.013 and 0.033 for soft rock type sites. For firm ground sites κ 0 is estimated as 0.025 for vertical and 0.041 for horizontal components, respectively. The site amplification functions for soft rock and firm ground conditions are found from the horizontal-to-vertical ratio. The obtained stress drops of the seven events lie between 128 and 282 bars. The source parameters obtained in this study provide a useful framework for working out ground-motion relations in northeastern India.
FORALL: an interactive shiny/R web portal to navigate multi-omics high-throughput data of pediatric acute lymphoblastic leukemia

Abstract Motivation Pediatric acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) is the most common cancer among children worldwide. The availability of easily accessible multi-omics data provides unprecedented resources and opportunities for discovering and refining disease biology, cancer biomarkers, and drug mechanisms of action. This has led to exponential growth of omics data available in public repositories. However, delivering the useful information and knowledge extraction from this data is one of the bottlenecks of multi-omics. Presenting, navigating, and downloading ALL omics data in a user-friendly interface provide a valuable platform for biologists and clinicians to get most of the omics data. Our in-house data provides in-depth mass spectrometry-based protein abundance data for a large panel of commercially available ALL cell lines. Providing this data to the scientific community in the form of a user-friendly web-portal allows for easy and detailed exploration of the data. Results We have developed the Functional Omics Resource of Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia (FORALL) web-portal. FORALL is a shiny-based web portal designed to navigate in-depth mass spectrometry-based proteomics data of 51 cell lines. The proteomics data can be navigated and visualized along with matched RNA expression data as well as drug sensitivity data of 528 investigational and approved drugs. Availability and implementation FORALL is available at https://proteomics.se/forall/.
Real flue gas CO2 hydrogenation to formate by an enzymatic reactor using O2- and CO-tolerant hydrogenase and formate dehydrogenase

It is challenging to capture carbon dioxide (CO2), a major greenhouse gas in the atmosphere, due to its high chemical stability. One potential practical solution to eliminate CO2 is to convert CO2 into formate using hydrogen (H2) (CO2 hydrogenation), which can be accomplished with inexpensive hydrogen from sustainable sources. While industrial flue gas could provide an adequate source of hydrogen, a suitable catalyst is needed that can tolerate other gas components, such as carbon monoxide (CO) and oxygen (O2), potential inhibitors. Our proposed CO2 hydrogenation system uses the hydrogenase derived from Ralstonia eutropha H16 (ReSH) and formate dehydrogenase derived from Methylobacterium extorquens AM1 (MeFDH1). Both enzymes are tolerant to CO and O2, which are typical inhibitors of metalloenzymes found in flue gas. We have successfully demonstrated that combining ReSH- and MeFDH1-immobilized resins can convert H2 and CO2 in real flue gas to formate via a nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide-dependent cascade reaction. We anticipated that this enzyme system would enable the utilization of diverse H2 and CO2 sources, including waste gases, biomass, and gasified plastics.
Lake Winnipeg, remnant of glacial Lake Agassiz, an efficient dispersal route of planktonic crustaceans through central and northern Canada

Zooplankton in five lake regions once inundated by Lake Agassiz were compared with zooplankton of 10 other lake regions and in 5 Great Lakes in south—central Canada. The highest resemblance to a hypothetical composite of Lake Agassiz plankton, from 94 to 100 percent, was found in lakes of the Northern Manitoba, Northern Saskatchewan and Upper Mackenzie regions. Eighty nine to 94 percent of zooplankton from the Laurentian Great Lakes came from the Agassiz Lake fauna. The only other species found in the Great Lakes in 1969 were Eurytemora affinis, and Eubosmina coregoni, newcomers to the North American fauna from Europe. The number of species shared with the hypothetical fauna of Lake Agassiz declines with the distance from this glacial lake. From 91 to 93 percent of Lake Agassiz species were found in Manitoba Western, Southern Manitoba and Alberta, 85 to 86 percent in New Brunswick and Newfoundland, 80 to 84 percent in Nova Scotia and Southern British Columbia and about 74 percent in the lakes of the Mackenzie Delta region. Lake Agassiz appeared to be a very efficient south-north dispersion route. Of the 35 species originating from the Mississippi refugium, 24 species penetrated as far as the Upper Mackenzie region and 16 species reached the Mackenzie Delta. The north to south dispersion route was not as effective. Of the 15 species originating from the Beringia refugium, seven species reached the Upper Mackenzie area and 5 species penetrated only to Northern Manitoba and Northern Saskatchewan. The fact that they did reach so far south could be explained by two different hypotheses. In the first, Lake Agassiz did not extend as far north as suggested by Teller or Fisher and Smith but rather the northern boundary corresponded to that indicated by Elson, and Northern Manitoba and Northern Saskatchewan were part of Lake McConnell. The second hypothesis states that the most northern portion of Lake Agassiz according to the boundary suggested by Teller or by Fisher and Smith served in the very late stage as a wide connecting channel with Lake McConnell and allowed some Beringia species to penetrate south, but no further than to Reindeer Lake, or perhaps to Southern Indian Lake.