Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Analysis of high resolution aeromagnetic anomalies from the south-central Alberta Foothills, Canada.

Summary High resolution aeromagnetic (HRAM) data from the south-central Alberta Foothills were processed to enhance near-surface sources of magnetic anomalies and suppress regional gradients. The processed HRAM anomalies are not related to the topography and are induced by the magnetic properties of the rock units underlying the survey area. Siliciclastic strata dominate the surface geology; they have low magnetic susceptibility (10 -5 – 10 -2 SI), and therefore induce small magnetic anomalies (ranging between 9.8 and –10.8 nT). A remarkable correlation can be observed between lithostratigraphic units and HRAM anomalies. Short ground magnetic profiles show good correlations between the magnetic anomalies, lithology, structure and the measured magnetic susceptibilities of the outcropping sedimentary rocks. The magnetization model constructed to reproduce the HRAM data generates anomalies that closely matched the observed values, and reflects the structural and lithological complexity of the study area. HRAM data show the different magnetic signatures of the Middle Blaimore, Brazeau and Lower Coalspur strata and can be used to effectively map near-surface lithology and structure. Methods The surface geology, topographic and well data from the study area were compiled using MapInfo GIS software. To determine the magnetic properties of the sedimentary strata from the area, field and laboratory magnetic susceptibility measurements were carried out. The HRAM data (Figure 1) were processed using different filtering techniques to enhance the shallow, high frequency features, and to suppress the regional gradients. The best results were obtained using a spatial band-pass filter 0.3125– 1.25 km -1 (800-3200 m wavelength), with the output shown in Figure 2. The filtered magnetic anomalies were contoured and displayed over the surface geology data. The information obtained was utilized to constrain a 55.35 km long cross-section that was used to model the magnetic anomalies. A ground magnetic survey was used to delineate magnetic features along the profile, and to compare the results with the HRAM data and magnetic susceptibility measurements.
Social psychological correlates of expected school drop out among mainland Puerto Rican females.

Social Psychological Correlates of Expected School Drop Out among Mainland Puerto Rican Females (May 1981) Nydia Ivette Santiago-Nazario, B.A. , Hampshire College M.S., University of Massachusetts, Ph.D., University of Massachusetts Diirected by: Professor Castellano Turner The aim of this study was to examine variables that relate to dropping out of school among mainland Puerto Rican, adolescent females. It was hypothesized that risk of drop out from high school in this sample would be related to a number of psychological variables--acculturation, sex role attitudes, and adjustment. Sixty-five adolescent, Puerto Rican females, enrolled at the tenth and eleventh grade level at a public secondary school in Western Massachusetts completed a series of instruments. Ss were administered the Behavioral Acculturation Scale (Szapocznik, Scopetta, Kurtines & Arandalde, 1978) to establish level of acculturation. Sex-role attitudes were measured by the Traditionalism Scale (Soto, 1979). The Symptom Checklist-90 (Derogatis, 1977) was used to assess the degree of mental health symptomatology. Drop-out risk was measured by a scale designed especially for this study, as well as items derived from the Alienation Index Inventory: School Subscale (Turner, 1975). The data were analyzed using primarily t-test, Pearson correlation and discriminant analysis. The Behavioral Acculturation Scale and
Area differentiated analysis of impacts of climate change scenarios on ground- water resources in Northwestern Germany

Groundwater plays an important role for the drinking water supply in Germany. According to Genesis – online (2005), in 2001 ca. 85 % of the drinking water demand in the Federal States of North Rhine-Westphalia and Lower Saxony were fed from groundwater resources (including sources and bank filtrate). For this reason, the regional groundwater availability belongs to the key issues of the federal water resources man-agement policy. Groundwater availability de-pends decisively on percolation water infiltrating the aquifer (groundwater recharge).
Seimological studies at Parkfield V: Characteristic microearthquake sequences as fault-zone drilling targets

Studies at very high resolution of microearthquakes at Parkfield, California, since 1987 reveal a systematic organization in space and time, dominated by clustering of nearly identical, regularly occurring microearthquakes (characteristic events) on 10 to 20-m-wide patches within the fault zone. More than half of the 4000+ events in our 1987 to 1996 catalog exhibit this trait. In general, recurrence intervals (0.5 to 2 yr) scale with the magnitude of the repeating events for the on-scale range (Mw 0.2 to 1.3) in this study. The similar waveforms, superimposed locations, quasi-periodic recurrence, and uniform size of these characteristic events permit relative hypocenter location accuracy of meters and predictable occurrence times within windows of a few months. Clustered characteristic events occur at depths as shallow as about 3 km, and these are feasible targets for deep scientific drilling and observation at the focus of a subsequent small earthquake within an active plate-boundary fault zone. At Parkfield, the achievable location accuracy to which a hypocenter can be specified as well as the predictability of its occurrence time appear to be uniquely favorable for in situ fault-zone measurements.
Quantification analysis of 3D urban form based on GIS: a case study of downtown Nanjing

An approach to describe 3D urban form is proposed in this study. Central part of Nanjing is taken as study site.Firstly, quantitative attributes are proposed from urban geometry and its function, and they are compactness, elevation range, volume expansibility, diversity, dominance. Then, all the attributes are derived and spatial distributions are analyzed to reveal relationship between attributes and some geographical features. The result shows that the above five attributes closely correlate with land use; especially compactness, diversity and dominance reflect the feature of building configuration. Finally, a multi-spectrum image is produced by the optimal combination of attributes to classify urban form. The result shows that different blocks of different land use can be distinguished. This research reveals the spatial distribution of urban form properties and their relationships between some geographical features. This quantification analysis of #d urban form is a new way to study urban form from three-dimensional aspect.
A case study on the application of SCIAMACHY satellite methane measurements for regional studies: the Greater Area of the Eastern Mediterranean

Many studies have focused on geological formations, such as mud volcanoes, which abound in the Greater Area of the Eastern Mediterranean (GAEM; 25° N–50° N, 5° E–55° E). This geological source is thought to provide a significant portion of the global methane (CH4) emissions. However, studies in the GAEM have focused on specific locations rather than extensive areas, which has led to a gap in our understanding of the spatial and temporal variability of CH4 atmospheric mixing ratios. Here, we present characteristics of methane loading over land in the GAEM using dry air columnar data (XCH4) retrieved from SCIAMACHY (Scanning Imaging Absorption Spectrometer for Atmospheric Cartography) satellite measurements with the Weighting Function Modified Differential Optical Absorption Spectroscopy (WFM-DOAS) version 1.0 algorithm. We defined methane annual, seasonal and monthly spatial patterns over the area using 2003 and 2004 measurements. The annual mean XCH4 levels over the study area were estimated to be 1761 ± 27 ppb for 2003 and 1758 ± 26 ppb for 2004. A seasonal variability with a summer–autumn peak was observed for both 2003 and 2004, August being the month with the highest methane concentrations. The northeastern part of the area exhibits the highest XCH4 values while the high elevation regions defined by the triangle of eastern Turkey, the Persian Gulf and the Caspian Sea and the region of the eastern coast of the Red Sea exhibit the lowest levels. A latitudinal gradient was observed for the area during 2003 and 2004. A comparison of measured XCH4 levels above two of the world's most renowned mud volcano regions situated in the GAEM with anticipated methane columnar concentrations as modelled for eruption cases shows that no mud volcano eruptions were observed from SCIAMACHY during 2003 or 2004.
Comparison of MIVIS and IKONOS data for high-resolution land-cover classification in a rural/mountainous area

Land cover classification is one of the main applications of remotely sensed data and the capability of airborne hyperspectral data for such a purpose is known. The recent availability of high spatial resolution multispectral data, such as IKONOS and QuickBird, puts the question about advantages and disadvantages of these data in comparison with the hyperspectral ones. We evaluated the cost and accuracy of using IKONOS imagery to perform a land cover classification at high spatial resolution and compared them with results obtained from MIVIS airborne hyper-spectral scanner data (102 bands from VIS to TIR). The study was performed in a rural area (25 km2) of Basilicata region (Southern Italy) characterized by complex topography (altitude ranges from 600 to 1400m) and different land cover patterns (forests, lakes, cultivated areas, and small urban areas). Evaluations were made taking into account time-processing, feature extraction, accuracy for different classification levels, and costs as a function of the extension of the area to be classified. Quite high accuracies were obtained for the first classification level, whereas increasing the class number IKONOS was less accurate than MIVIS. Multispectral classification well identified the different forest species, but had some problems in distinguishing between gravel road and some plowed lands. The obtained results showed that IKONOS data are cost-effective for updating thematic maps to support planning and decision-making processes at local government scale.
Variations in the Patterns of Precipitation in the Watershed of the Ambato River Associated with the Eruptive Process of the Tungurahua Volcano in Ecuador

The Tungurahua, located in the Cordillera de los Andes, is the volcano with the most eruptive activity in Ecuador nowadays. 1993 records the eruptive initial process and in August of 1999, after almost 80 years of rest, the volcano begins an explosive eruptive period. This research examines the effects of the eruptive process of the volcano in the patterns of change in precipitation in the short term in a hydrographic watershed. Their results are intended to contribute to the studies carried out to understand the weather and the factors influencing its variability at local and global level. It aims also to contribute with technical data in the debate about experimenting with artificial volcanoes to weather modification. The analysis demonstrates a process of redistribution of rainfall, with significant increases in rainfall from 42.25% on December, and significant decreases of 40.03% on September, during the presence of the eruptive process.
Is cumulus convection the concertmaster of tropical cyclone activity in the Atlantic?

The influence of the cloud representation in global climate models on the accuracy of the North Atlantic tropical cyclone simulations is investigated. The North Atlantic tropical cyclone activity is simulated with a standard climate model, CCSM. The conventional parameterization of cloud processes in CCSM is replaced by the “super‐parameterization” and the simulation is run again. The comparison of tropical cyclone statistics reveals that the model with explicit representation of cloud processes produces a larger number of events, with stronger intensity and longer life‐cycle. The results show that clouds have a significant impact on the mechanisms associated with tropical cyclone activity such as surface temperature and ocean subsurface processes, vertical wind shear, and the transport of moisture in the lower troposphere.
Dimethyl fumarate modulates the dystrophic disease program following short-term treatment

New medicines are urgently required to treat the fatal neuromuscular disease Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD). Dimethyl fumarate (DMF) is a potent immunomodulatory small molecule nuclear erythroid 2-related factor 2 activator with current clinical utility in the treatment of multiple sclerosis and psoriasis that could be effective for DMD and rapidly translatable. Here, we tested 2 weeks of daily 100 mg/kg DMF versus 5 mg/kg standard-care prednisone (PRED) treatment in juvenile mdx mice with early symptomatic DMD. Both drugs modulated seed genes driving the DMD disease program and improved force production in fast-twitch muscle. However, only DMF showed pro-mitochondrial effects, protected contracting muscles from fatigue, improved histopathology, and augmented clinically compatible muscle function tests. DMF may be a more selective modulator of the DMD disease program than PRED, warranting follow-up longitudinal studies to evaluate disease-modifying impact.
Pneumatic Non-Equibiaxial Cell Stretching Device With Live-Cell Imaging

<italic>Objective:</italic> Adherent cell behavior is influenced by a complex interplay of factors, including chemical and mechanical signals. In vitro experiments that mimic the mechanical environment experienced by cells in vivo are crucial for understanding cellular behavior and the progression of disease. In this study, we developed and validated a low-cost pneumatically-controlled cell stretcher with independent control of strain in two directions of a membrane, enabling unequal biaxial stretching and real-time microscopy during actuation. <italic>Methods:</italic> The stretching was achieved by two independent pneumatic channels controlled by electrical signals. We used finite element simulations to compute the membrane's strain field and particle tracking algorithms based on image processing techniques to validate the strain fields and measure the cell orientation and morphology. <italic>Results:</italic> The device can supply uniaxial, equibiaxial, and unequal biaxial stretching up to <inline-formula><tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\text{15} \%$</tex-math></inline-formula> strain in each direction at a frequency of <inline-formula><tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\text{1}\,{\rm Hz}$</tex-math></inline-formula>, with a strain measurement error of less than 1%. Through live cell imaging, we determined that distinct stretching patterns elicited differing responses and alterations in cell orientation and morphology, particularly in terms of cell length and area. <italic>Conclusion:</italic> The device successfully provides a large, uniform, and variable strain field for cell experiments, while also enabling real-time, live cell imaging. <italic>Significance:</italic> This scalable, low-cost platform provides mechanical stimulation to cell cultures by independently controlling strains in two directions. This could contribute to a deeper understanding of cellular response to bio-realistic strains and could be useful for future in vitro drug testing platforms.
Systematic Differences between TRMM 3G68 PR and TMI Rainfall Estimates and the Possible Association with Life Cycle of Convection

Characteristics of systematic differences between TRMM Microwave Imager (TMI) and Precipitation Radar (PR) rain estimates derived from TRMM-3G68 version 5 datasets are analyzed and the possible factors contributing to these differences are discussed. This study utilizes conditional rain estimates which represent the average rain rate of rain pixels over a domain instead of unconditional rain (which is the domain averaged rain) used in most of the previous studies. It is found that TMI rainfall estimates are larger than PR estimates over most of the equatorial oceans. The distribution of rainfall differences with respect to their convective percentages brings out their characteristics under different convective/stratiform regimes. Different life stages of tropical convection are identified utilizing TMI and PR convective percentages, rain cover, Visible Infrared Scanner (VIRS) brightness temperature and the difference between TMI and PR rain estimates. Our result suggests that TMI and PR rainfall differences are associated with these life stages of organized convection. At low TMI convective percentages and high PR convective percentages, representing the formative stage of convection, PR rain estimates are found to be larger than TMI. But, significantly large differences in rain estimates, with overestimation of rain by TMI, occur when PR convective percentage is 50% which is identified as mature to decaying stages of convection. During these stages, due to the presence of overshooting tall clouds, the time lag between the occurrence of maximum rain and the highest cloud top height, the increased back radiation from ice-scattering near the cloud top level, and the melting layer effect result in large overestimation of rain by TMI.
LncRNA-ATB promotes trastuzumab resistance and invasion-metastasis cascade in breast cancer

Trastuzumab resistance is leading cause of mortality in HER2-positive breast cancers, and the role of TGF-β-induced epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) in trastuzumab resistance is well established, but the involvement of lncRNAs in trastuzumab resistance is still unknown. Here, we generated trastuzumab-resistant breast cancer cells with increased invasiveness compared with parental cells, and observed robust epithelial–mesenchymal transition (EMT) and consistently elevated TGF-β signaling in these cells. We identified long noncoding RNA activated by TGF-β (lnc-ATB) was the most remarkably upregulated lncRNA in TR SKBR-3 cells and the tissues of TR breast cancer patients. We found that lnc-ATB could promote trastuzumab resistance and invasion-metastasis cascade in breast cancer by competitively biding miR-200c, up-regulating ZEB1 and ZNF-217, and then inducing EMT. In addition, we also found that the high level of lnc-ATB was correlated with trastuzumab resistance of breast cancer patients. Thus, these findings suggest that lncRNA-ATB, a mediator of TGF-β signaling, could predispose breast cancer patients to EMT and trastuzumab resistance.
HER-2 and HER-3 expression in liver metastases of patients with colorectal cancer

Objective In this study, we evaluate the frequency of HER-2 and HER-3 expression in liver metastases from patients with colorectal cancer (CRLM). We analyzed the potential of HER-2 and HER-3 as therapeutic targets and evaluated their prognostic value. Patients and Methods Overall 208 patients with CRLM were enrolled. HER-2 and HER-3 expression were determined in metastatic tissue of diagnostic punch biopsies (n = 29) or resection specimens (n = 179). The results of immunohistochemistry (IHC) scoring and In-situ-hybridization (ISH)-amplification were correlated with clinical parameters and for the 179 resected patients with cancer-specific (CSS) and overall survival (OS). The mean follow-up time was 56.7 months. Results Positivity of HER-2 status (IHC score 2+/ISH+ and IHC 3+) was found in 8.2% of CRLM. High expression of HER-3 (IHC score 2+ and IHC 3+) was detected in 75.0% of liver metastases. CSS after liver surgery was determined and was independent from the HER-2 status (p = 0.963); however HER-3 was prognostic with a favorable course for patients showing an overexpression of HER-3 (p = 0.037). Conclusions HER-2 overexpression occurs in only 8% of patients with CRLM but with 75% of cases HER-3 is frequently overexpressed in CRLM. Therefore, HER-2 and particularly HER-3 could serve as novel targets to be addressed within multimodal treatment approaches.
Object-based approach to integrate remotely sensed data with geodata within a GIS context for land use classification at urban-rural fringe area

An object-based approach for producing land use maps will be described in this paper. This approach has been used for integrating Landsat TM data within a GIS context for producing land use maps of urban-rural fringe areas. A contextual image classification method based on the SMAP estimate was used to produce land cover maps which provide knowledge for inferring land use types. Objectized land cover information, thematic knowledge and spatial composition rulers were used to infer the land use type of each object are. The prototype of this approach has been built using the GRASS 4.1 GIS software package and tested using a dataset compiled for this purpose. Results indicate a significant improvement compared with land use maps produced using a contextual image classification approach alone.
Linking temperature dependence of fitness effects of mutations to thermal niche adaptation

Fitness effects of mutations may generally depend on temperature that influences all rate‐limiting biophysical and biochemical processes. Earlier studies suggested that high temperatures may increase the availability of beneficial mutations (‘more beneficial mutations’), or allow beneficial mutations to show stronger fitness effects (‘stronger beneficial mutation effects’). The ‘more beneficial mutations’ scenario would inevitably be associated with increased proportion of conditionally beneficial mutations at higher temperatures. This in turn predicts that populations in warm environments show faster evolutionary adaptation but suffer fitness loss when faced with cold conditions, and those evolving in cold environments become thermal‐niche generalists (‘hotter is narrower’). Under the ‘stronger beneficial mutation effects’ scenario, populations evolving in warm environments would show faster adaptation without fitness costs in cold environments, leading to a ‘hotter is (universally) better’ pattern in thermal niche adaptation. We tested predictions of the two competing hypotheses using an experimental evolution study in which populations of two model bacterial species, Escherichia coli and Pseudomonas fluorescens, evolved for 2400 generations at three experimental temperatures. Results of reciprocal transplant experiments with our P. fluorescens populations were largely consistent with the ‘hotter is narrower’ prediction. Results from the E. coli populations clearly suggested stronger beneficial mutation effects at higher assay temperatures, but failed to detect faster adaptation in populations evolving in warmer experimental environments (presumably because of limitation in the supply of genetic variation). Our results suggest that the influence of temperature on mutational effects may provide insight into the patterns of thermal niche adaptation and population diversification across thermal conditions.
The HOS1-PIF4/5 module controls callus formation in Arabidopsis leaf explants

ABSTRACT A two-step plant regeneration has been widely exploited to genetic manipulation and genome engineering in plants. Despite technical importance, understanding of molecular mechanism underlying in vitro plant regeneration remains to be fully elucidated. Here, we found that the HIGH EXPRESSION OF OSMOTICALLY RESPONSIVE GENES 1 (HOS1)-PHYTOCHROME INTERACTING FACTOR 4/5 (PIF4/5) module participates in callus formation. Consistent with the repressive role of HOS1 in PIF transcriptional activation activity, hos1–3 mutant leaf explants exhibited enhanced callus formation, whereas pif4–101 pif5–3 mutant leaf explants showed reduced callus size. The HOS1-PIF4/5 function would be largely dependent on auxin biosynthesis and signaling, which are essential for callus initiation and proliferation. Our findings suggest that the HOS1-PIF4/5 module plays a pivotal role in auxin-dependent callus formation in Arabidopsis.