Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Investigation of Candida albicans transmission in a surgical intensive care unit cluster by using genomic DNA typing methods

An apparent outbreak of serious Candida albicans infections (n = 6) occurred in a surgical intensive care unit over a 4-week period. Four patients developed C. albicans bloodstream infections. An additional patient developed catheter-related C. albicans infection; the sixth patient developed an infection of cerebrospinal fluid. C. albicans was isolated from the hands of five health care workers (17%) and the throat of one health care worker (3%) during the outbreak investigation. Karyotyping and restriction endonuclease analysis of genomic DNA with BssHII of 23 C. albicans isolates from patients and the 6 health care worker isolates revealed 9 and 12 different patterns, respectively. Three of six patients appeared to be infected with the same C. albicans strain (two bloodstream infections and one cerebrospinal fluid infection). The hands of a health care worker were colonized with strain that appeared identical to an isolate from a patient prior to infection of the patient. However, restriction endonuclease analysis with SfiI found differences among the isolates determined to be identical by the other two methods. Karyotyping alone does not appear to be sufficient to differentiate between outbreak and control isolates. Restriction endonuclease analysis typing may be a more sensitive method than karyotyping alone in the investigation of a cluster of C. albicans infections. Furthermore, the use of more than one restriction enzyme may be necessary for optimal strain discrimination in restriction endonuclease analysis of genomic DNA.
Representing and Resolving Negation for Sentiment Analysis

Proper treatment of negation is an important characteristic of methods for sentiment analysis. However, while there is a growing body of research on the automatic resolution of negation, it is not yet clear as to how negation is best represented for different applications. To begin to address this issue, we review representation alternatives and present a state-of-the-art system for negation resolution that is interoperable across these schemes. By employing different configurations of this system as a component in a test bed for lexically-based sentiment classification, we demonstrate that the choice of representation can have a significant impact on downstream processing.
Competence and warmth in context: The compensatory nature of stereotypic views of national groups

In two experiments we show that the context in which groups are perceived influences how they are judged in a compensatory manner on the fundamental dimensions of social judgment, that is, warmth and competence. We manipulate the type of country (high in competence and low in warmth vs. high in warmth and low in competence) to which a target country is compared. Our data show that the target country is perceived as wanner and less competent when the comparison country is stereotypically high (vs. low) in competence and low (vs. high) in warmth. We also found compensation correlationally across targets and across dimensions in that the higher the comparison country is rated oil one of the two dimensions, the higher the target country is rated oil the other Compensation effects are shown to a to affect judgments of both the ingroup (Experiment 1) and all outgroup (Experiment 2). Our results shed new light oil context effects in group judgments as well as oil the compensatory relation of the two fundamental dimensions of social judgment. Copyright (C) 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Modeling and Analysis of the Dead-Time Effects in Parallel PWM Two-Level Three-Phase Voltage-Source Inverters

This paper addresses modeling and analysis of the dead-time effects in parallel pulsewidth-modulated (PWM) two-level three-phase inverters. The main objective is to gain understanding of how the effects caused by the necessary blanking time, the finite turn-on and turn-off times of the switching devices, and the forward voltage drops of the switching devices and the antiparallel diodes, i.e., the dead-time effects, influence the circulating current generation between the parallel-connected units. To meet this objective, a circulating current model taking these effects into account is developed for the parallel connection of n units. The model, which is an average model by nature, can be used to study the circulating current behavior with different types of PWM methods and to estimate the resulting circulating current values when there are differences in the dead-time effect parameters. In other words, the model provides an analytical way to consider the significance of these effects. To verify the validity of the developed model, the circuit simulation and experimental results are shown and compared with the analytical results. The illustrations show that the results obtained with the developed model are in good agreement with the circuit simulations and the experiments.
Ge GAA FETs and TMD FinFETs for the Applications Beyond Si—A Review

Two parts of work are included in this paper. In the first part, the novel Ge gate-all-around field effect transistors (GAA FETs) are introduced and discussed. Fabrication of Ge GAA FETs requires only simple top-down dry etching and blanket Ge epitaxy techniques readily available in mass production. First, a novel process to etch away the defective Ge near Ge/Si interface from epitaxial Ge grown on SOI achieves a nearly defect-free channel, good gate control triangular gate, larger effective width than rectangular fin, and have low punch-through current through the Si substrate. By dislocation removal, the defect-free Ge channel can be formed on nothing. The p-channel triangular Ge GAA FET with fin width (Wfin) of 52 nm and Lg of 183 nm has Ion/Ioff = 105, SS = 130 mV/dec, and Ion = 235 μA/μm at -1 V. Next, due to the highest electron mobility (2200 cm2/Vs) on (111) Ge surface, the n-channel triangular Ge GAA FET with (111) sidewalls on Si and Lg = 350 nm shows 2 times enhanced Ion with respect to the devices with near (110) sidewalls. Electrostatic control of SS = 94 mV/dec (at 1 V) can be further improved if superior gate stack than EOT = 5.5 nm and Dit = 1×1012 cm-2·eV-1 is used. The Ion can be further enhanced if the line edge roughness (LER) can be reduced. Second, a feasible pathway to scale the Ge MOSFET technology by using a novel diamond-shaped Ge GAA FET with four {111} facets is also reviewed. The proposed dry etching process involves three isotropic/anisotropic etching steps with different Cl2/HBr ratios for forming the suspended diamond-shaped channel. Taking advantages of the GAA configuration, favorable carrier mobility of the {111} surface, and nearly defect-free suspended channel, nFET and pFET with excellent performance have been demonstrated, including an Ion/Ioff ratio exceeding 108, the highest ever reported for Ge-based pFETs. The TMD FinFET devices are reviewed in the second part of this paper. The TMD FinFET channel is deposited by CVD. MoS2 covered on Si fin and nanowire resulted in improved (+25%) Ion of the FinFET and nanowire FET. The PFETs also operated effectively and the N/P device Vth are low and matched perfectly. The proposed heterogeneous Si/TMD 3DFETs can be useful in future electronics. Furthermore, a 4 nm thin transition-metal dichalcogenide (TMD) body FinFET with back gate control is also proposed and reviewed. Hydrogen plasma treatment of TMD is employed to lower the series resistance. The 2 nm thin back gate oxide enables 0.5 V of Vth shift with 1.2 V change in back bias for correcting device variations and dynamically configuring a device as a high performance or low leakage device. TMD can potentially provide sub-nm thin monolayer body needed for 2 nm node FinFET.
Coordinated Control of Mobile Antennas for Ad-Hoc Networks in Cluttered Environments

Mobile ad-hoc networks are used to extend and adapt the area covered by a static network of antennas. This is the case of an autonomous agent moving in a cluttered environment that needs to be connected to a fixed, limited-range, base station. The wireless network can be obtained by resorting to a platoon of mobile robots carrying each one antenna. Self-configuration of the robots’ platoon is achieved by a singularity-robust task-priority inverse kinematics algorithm via the definition of suitable task functions. The effectiveness of the proposed algorithm has been extensively verified via numerical simulations involving an autonomous mobile robot moving in a cluttered environment.
Personalized search and exploration with mytag

Nowadays Web 2.0 platforms like YouTube [6], Flickr [3] and del.icio. us [2] provide large amounts of resources such as videos, photographs and social bookmarks. Common to the platforms is the classification by so called tags that can be used for organization and retrieval. A current limitation of tagging platforms is their confinement to a single media type. Furthermore, a magnitude of platforms exists for each media type. Thus, in both cases of searching resources of either the same or of different media type, a user has to search multiple platforms [7]. For example, a user needs to search on del.icio. us, RawSugar [4] and Bibsonomy [1] to find bookmarks or on Flickr and YouTube to find media related to e.g. an artist. Another limitation results from the ranking of resources as implemented by platforms such as YouTube, Flickr, and del.icio. us. Usually, the overall popularity of a resource is used for ranking search results. A personalized search is currently missing that takes the interests of a user into account. MyTag aims at solving the previously described limitations of current tagging platforms by enabling cross-media search across images, video, and social bookmarks. It offers transparent access to different single-media platforms currently including Flickr, YouTube, and del.icio. us (cf. Section 2). Furthermore, it introduces personalization features such as a personalized ranking of search results (cf. Section 3). The architecture of MyTag ensures its extensibility towards further tagging platforms (cf. Section 4).
The Fractional Representation Approach to Synthesis Problems: An Algebraic Analysis Viewpoint Part I: (Weakly) Doubly Coprime Factorizations

In this paper, we show how to reformulate the fractional representation approach to analysis and synthesis problems within an algebraic analysis framework. In terms of modules, we give necessary and sufficient conditions so that a system admits (weakly) left/right/doubly coprime factorizations. Moreover, we explicitly characterize the integral domains A such that every plant---defined by means of a transfer matrix whose entries belong to the quotient field of A---admits (weakly) doubly coprime factorizations. Finally, we show that this algebraic analysis approach allows us to recover, on the one hand, the approach developed in [M. C. Smith, IEEE Trans. Automat. Control, 34 (1989), pp. 1005--1007] and, on the other hand, the ones developed in [K. Mori and K. Abe, SIAM J. Control Optim. , 39 (2001), pp. 1952--1973; V. R. Sule, SIAM J. Control Optim. , 32 (1994), pp. 1675--1695 and 36 (1998), pp. 2194--2195; M. Vidyasagar, H. Schneider, and B. A. Francis, IEEE Trans. Automat. Control, 27 (1982), pp. 880--894; M. Vidyasagar, Control System Synthesis: A Factorization Approach, MIT Press, Cambridge, MA, 1985].
Writing with a computer: An invitation to play

Although language play has generally been viewed as speech play, children also enjoy playing with language in written form. The computer offers children an opportunity to actively experiment with print in novel ways. During computer play, children's oral and written language provides insights into cognitive development and language learning. At the Developmental Research School at Florida State University, kindergarten children have been observed producing written language forms using a word processing program which allows them to electronically create and explore text. Researchers there have noted varying developmental stages in children as they spontaneously and playful interact with the computer to produce words and stories that approximate traditional language conventions. Additionally, they have noted that word processing and keyboard functions have prompted children to explore language in computer‐specific ways. This language play facilitates children's systematic organization of print, their formul.
A Dirichlet Process Mixture of Generalized Dirichlet Distributions for Proportional Data Modeling

In this paper, we propose a clustering algorithm based on both Dirichlet processes and generalized Dirichlet distribution which has been shown to be very flexible for proportional data modeling. Our approach can be viewed as an extension of the finite generalized Dirichlet mixture model to the infinite case. The extension is based on nonparametric Bayesian analysis. This clustering algorithm does not require the specification of the number of mixture components to be given in advance and estimates it in a principled manner. Our approach is Bayesian and relies on the estimation of the posterior distribution of clusterings using Gibbs sampler. Through some applications involving real-data classification and image databases categorization using visual words, we show that clustering via infinite mixture models offers a more powerful and robust performance than classic finite mixtures.
An engineering approach to model current induced by SE for deep sub-micron technology

This paper presents an engineering approach to model photocurrent induced by single event striking on bulk CMOS for deep sub-micron process technology. The photocurrent generated by 1D carrier transport equations is instead of ideal double exponential current model within bias-dependent single-event compact model to analyze the behavior of bulk CMOS being striking. Firstly, the approach using a 1D photocurrent equation to emulate the current curve verses the LET is explained in section II. Then a stand bipolar SPICE model with injection photocurrent is modeled by bipolar affects analysis. This work proposes an improved current injected model.
Honoring the Kun Lun Way

This article presents a case study of the adaptation of Western organization development (OD) consulting practices to a Chinese hospitality business in Datong, China. Presented are the founder's personal history and management philosophy as well as the organization development interventions, outcomes, and challenges. The case study describes the consulting experiences of four teams of Western graduate students during the course of their research of and consultation to this company from 2004 to 2008. The cross-cultural relationship between the students and the organization is examined, providing insight into the practice of OD in an international setting.
Comparative Genetic Analysis of Type 1 Diabetes and Inflammatory Bowel Disease

Genome-wide association studies (GWAS) have been fruitful in identifying common variants underlying many complex human diseases (McCarthy et al., 2008; Altshuler et al., 2008), with notable success especially in several autoimmune diseases (Lettre & Rioux 2008; Zhernakova et al., 2009). Hundreds of distinct genomic loci have been associated with various autoimmune diseases, including celiac disease (CeD), Crohn’s disease (CD), ulcerative colitis (UC), multiple sclerosis (MS), rheumatoid arthritis (RA), systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) and type 1 diabetes (T1D). Besides individual studies, recent metaanalysis of GWAS has also enabled the identification of dozens of susceptibility loci for T1D (Cooper et al., 2008; Barrett et al., 2009; Bradfield et al., 2011), CD (Barrett et al., 2009; Franke et al., 2010), and UC (McGovern et al., 2010; Anderson et al., 2011), since single studies are typically underpowered. Additionally, comparisons of susceptibility loci between different autoimmune diseases have revealed important insights into their common genetic architecture. For example, interleukin 23 receptor (IL23R) has been consistently implicated in multiple related autoimmune disorders including CD, UC, ankylosing spondylitis and psoriasis, suggesting that it may be a common susceptibility factor for the major seronegative diseases (Cargill et al., 2007; Duerr et al., 2006; Tremelling et al., 2007). Another study compared shared genetic risk factors for T1D and CeD and reported multiple identical risk alleles (Smyth et al., 2008), suggesting that common biologic mechanisms may be etiologic features of both diseases. Several similar studies that examined known CD susceptibility loci in GWAS for UC identified previously unreported susceptibility loci shared by these related disorders (Franke et al., 2008; Anderson et al., 2009; Anderson et al., 2011). Taken together, these studies suggest that examination of related autoimmune diseases can help reveal shared genetic pathways, and that evaluation of known susceptibility loci for one disease in GWAS for another disease may uncover novel diseaseloci relationships. The GWAS approach has been made possible by the development of high-density genotyping arrays that leverage the knowledge generated from The International HapMap project (The International HapMap Project, 2003; International HapMap Consortium, 2005). As a consequence, it has been shown that the genome is laid out in discrete linkage disequilibrium (LD) blocks with limited haplotype diversity within each of these blocks. Therefore, a minimal set of SNPs can detect almost all common haplotypes present, thus improving genotyping accuracy and reducing cost. Genome-wide
The Trials and Tribulations of Working with Structured Data: -a Study on Information Seeking Behaviour

Structured data such as databases, spreadsheets and web tables is becoming critical in every domain and professional role. Yet we still do not know much about how people interact with it. Our research focuses on the information seeking behaviour of people looking for new sources of structured data online, including the task context in which the data will be used, data search, and the identification of relevant datasets from a set of possible candidates. We present a mixed-methods study covering in-depth interviews with 20 participants with various professional backgrounds, supported by the analysis of search logs of a large data portal. Based on this study, we propose a framework for human structured-data interaction and discuss challenges people encounter when trying to find and assess data that helps their daily work. We provide design recommendations for data publishers and developers of online data platforms such as data catalogs and marketplaces. These recommendations highlight important questions for HCI research to improve how people engage and make use of this incredibly useful online resource.
Implementation of federation management services over federation community networks

A federation community is a group of federations working together to achieve a common goal. With a federation community, a large-scale simulation can be built using existing simulation federations. The federation community network can also be constructed so that certain information will be shared only within a group of federates in the community. To build a federation community, interoperability amongst federations and RTIs needs to be supported. Various RTI services also need to be implemented across the federation community. We address the problems in implementing federation services over the federation community network. Solutions on eliminating circular messages in the federation community network and achieving consensus amongst all the user federations in the community are described. Details of federation synchronization and federation save protocols are also given.
La structuration du football professionnel européen. Les fondements sociaux de la prévalence de la « spécificité sportive »

There is no doubt that football has today an economic dimension. The paper shows that it is not an inevitable intrusion of financial forces that would undermine the sport. The merchant investments in the football remain on the contrary liable for the specific logic of this sport. Far from being reducible to an economic interpretation, European football field is only intelligible if one reveals the symbolic struggles and social issues that cross and explain the prevalence of sports specificity in its structure.
Neural network in the application of EEG signal classification method

Electroencephalogram (EEG) signal is an important information source of underlying brain processes. The communication based on EEG between human brain and computer is a new modality of human-computer interaction. Through time-domain regression method for EEG denoising pretreatment, AR model coefficient is extracted as feature vector, and classifies the EEG signals based on BP network and PNN network. Finally, use Matlab 7.0 simulations, get classification accuracy rate was 90%. Experiments show that this method can get high correct rate of Classification.
Automated segmentation and classification of cell nuclei in immunohistochemical breast cancer images with estrogen receptor marker

Breast cancer is the most common malignant tumor in women worldwide. In recent years, there has been an increasing use of immunohistochemistry (the process of detecting the expression of certain proteins in cytological images) to obtain useful information for diagnosis. This paper presents an efficient algorithm that automatically detects breast cancer cell nuclei and divides them into two groups: those that express the ER marker and those that do not. First, the areas that belong to the carcinoma are automatically identified. Then, the algorithm evaluates features such as size and shape to correctly segment the nuclei in these fields. Finally, the Fuzzy C-Means algorithm is used to classify the detected nuclei. The method proposed was evaluated with a set of 10 images which contained 4093 cell nuclei. The algorithm correctly identified 93.1% of the nuclei, and sensitivity and specificity of the classification were 95.7% and 93.2% respectively.
Iterative MMSE Detection and Interference Cancellation for Uplink SC-FDMA MIMO Using HARQ

For high-speed packet access, hybrid automatic repeat request (HARQ) and multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) multiplexing are indispensable techniques. As the multiple-access technique, single carrier (SC)-frequency-division multiple-access (FDMA) using transmit filtering is promising. The use of square-root Nyquist transmit filter reduces peak-to-average power ratio (PAPR) of the transmit SC-FDMA signal and increases the frequency diversity gain. However, if the carrier-frequency separation among multiple-access users is kept the same as in the case of the transmit filter's roll-off factor alpha=0 (i.e., brick wall filter), the adjacent users' signal spectra overlap and the multi-user interference (MUI) is produced. In this paper, we propose an iterative minimum mean square error signal detection and interference cancellation (MMSED-IC) for turbo coded uplink SC-FDMA MIMO using HARQ. In the proposed MMSED-IC, not only the inter-antenna interference (IAI) and residual inter-symbol interference (ISI) but also MUI are cancelled in an iterative fashion. We evaluate the HARQ throughput performances by computer simulation, and show that by using the proposed scheme, SC-FDMA with alpha=1 can achieve higher throughput performance than not only SC-FDMA with alpha=0 but also OFDMA using IAI cancellation.