Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Interventions to Prevent and Reduce Cyber Abuse of Youth: A Systematic Review

Objectives: The Internet has created a new communication tool, particularly for young people whose use of electronic communication is exploding worldwide. While there are many benefits that result from electronic-based communication, the Internet is concurrently a potential site for abuse and victimization. Methods: This paper systematically reviews the effectiveness of cyber abuse interventions in increasing Internet safety knowledge and decreasing risky online behavior. Results: Significant results were found between pre- and posttest scores related to Internet safety knowledge. Most results related to risky online behavior were not significant. Conclusions: Results provide evidence that participation in psychoeducational Internet safety interventions is associated with an increase in Internet safety knowledge but is not significantly associated with a change in risky online behavior.
Behavioural addiction and substance addiction should be defined by their similarities not their dissimilarities.

Following the recent changes to the diagnostic category for addictive disorders in DSM-5, it is urgent to clarify what constitutes behavioural addiction to have a clear direction for future research and classification. However, in the years following the release of DSM-5, an expanding body of research has increasingly classified engagement in a wide range of common behaviours and leisure activities as possible behavioural addiction. If this expansion does not end, both the relevance and the credibility of the field of addictive disorders might be questioned, which may prompt a dismissive appraisal of the new DSM-5 subcategory for behavioural addiction. We propose an operational definition of behavioural addiction together with a number of exclusion criteria, to avoid pathologizing common behaviours and provide a common ground for further research. The definition and its exclusion criteria are clarified and justified by illustrating how these address a number of theoretical and methodological shortcomings that result from existing conceptualizations. We invite other researchers to extend our definition under an Open Science Foundation framework.
Interrater Reliability of the Motivation Assessment Scale: Another, Closer Look

Recent evidence indicates that the Motivation Assessment Scale (MAS), designed by Durand and Crimmins (1988) to measure influential maintaining variables of maladaptive behavior, is associated with inadequate interrater reliability. In this study, interrater reliability of the MAS was reinvestigated utilizing direct-care staff members familiar with persons with mental retardation. Problematic overt behaviors were evaluated in 42 adults in southern Nevada. MAS items were found to be reliable moderately but significantly across raters. Variables that affect reliability, including low or high behavior frequency, differential training procedures for raters, and setting selection should be considered closely by MAS administrators.
On Evaluating the Contribution of Validation for Question Answering

Validation is arising as a crucial component of new architectures aimed at improving Question Answering technologies. Hence, there is a strong need of appropriate measures for evaluating Validation and, even more, its impact on question answering results. However, common Validation measures do not allow a clear study of this impact, and they might even lead researchers to obtain wrong conclusions. We propose a new approach for evaluating Validation technologies, which offers clear and useful information about the impact on QA performance. We compare our proposal with classic evaluation measures, showing the benefits of our scheme.
The ‘Bigger Feeling’

This article reports findings from a study of headteachers and spirituality. It is intended to give some insight into the importance of spiritual experience as a phenomenon which enables leaders to be better resourced internally and find deeper meaning, and to provide evidence of the significance and influence of spiritual experience for educational leadership in schools. The study draws on survey and interview data from secondary and primary headteachers in three local education authorities in England.
The Effect of Trust on West Australian Farmers' Responses to Infectious Livestock Diseases

Globalisation has rendered the island nation of Australia more vulnerable to infectious livestock diseases, making bio-security a key concern of government. Although farmers are at the front line of disease surveillance, little is known about this group's behaviour and motives. A study to investigate on-farm bio-security practices - and in particular how farmers decide whether to report unusual symptoms in their livestock - was conducted with sheep and cattle producers in Western Australia. This article reports on the findings of the qualitative phase of the study, which consisted of in-depth interviews with 37 farmers. The study found that farmers make reporting and bio-security decisions based on the perceived risk to their enterprise. Trust in others was found to be a key contributor to perceived risk. In support of Wynne (2006), this study found that scientific institutions linked to the government suffered from lack of trust and credibility. If farmers are hesitant to trust government sources, important animal health messages may go unheeded.
Outlier robust kernel-based system identification using ℓ1-Laplace techniques

Regularized kernel-based methods for system identification have gained popularity in recent years. However, current formulations are not robust with respect to outliers. In this paper, we study possible solutions to robustify kernel-based methods that rely on modeling noise using the Laplacian probability density function (pdf). The contribution of this paper is two-fold. First, we introduce a new outlier robust kernel-based system identification method. It exploits the representation of Laplacian pdfs as scale mixture of Gaussians. The hyperparameters characterizing the problem are chosen using a new maximum a posteriori estimator whose solution is computed using a novel iterative scheme based on the expectation-maximization method. The second contribution of the paper is the review of two other robust kernel-based methods. The three methods are compared by means of numerical experiments, which show that all of them give substantial performance improvements compared to standard kernel-based methods for linear system identification.
A forma como o balanço patrimonial é apresentado altera a percepção do usuário externo quanto à interpretação do conteúdo informacional? Uma investigação no contexto brasileiro e cabo-verdiano

Esta pesquisa analisa se a forma como o Balanco Patrimonial apresentado altera a percepcao dos academicos brasileiros e cabo-verdianos quanto a interpretacao do conteudo informacional para tomada da decisao. Foi realizado um experimento com modelos distintos de balanco patrimonial, um adotado no padrao brasileiro e outro europeu. Foram aplicados 152 questionarios em academicos da UFRN e 64 da UNICV. Os resultados da estatistica descritiva e analise da variância sugerem presenca do efeito propriedade e que a subordinacao a forma pode influenciar na compreensao do conteudo informacional, e a forma de apresentacao das demonstracoes pode afetar a interpretacao do usuario.
Calculation method and analysis of power flow for distribution network with distributed generation

A simplified power flow calculation method for distribution network with distributed generation is proposed in this paper. Based on loop analysis method, this proposed calculation method can theoretically transform the complex power flow equations into linear algebraic equations. In addition, node voltages of PV-type and PQ(V)-type distributed generation are calculated by calculating and correcting their reactive power generated by them, and finally branch loss is compensated to make the calculation method more accurate. Case study results show that this method demonstrates shorter computing time and good accuracy, which can meet the engineering demand of fast power flow analysis and real-time scheduling. Simultaneously, different node types of distributed generation are inserted in different positions of distribution network and their voltage profiles expose the effect of locations and node types of distributed generation on power of distribution network.
Use of Compounded Bioidentical Hormone Therapy in Menopausal Women: An Opinion Statement of the Women's Health Practice and Research Network of the American College of Clinical Pharmacy

Menopausal symptoms affect a significant portion of women. Traditional treatment with manufactured hormone therapy can alleviate these symptoms, but many women and their health care providers are concerned about the risks, such as venous thromboembolism and certain types of cancer, demonstrated with manufactured hormone therapy. Compounded bioidentical hormone therapy has been proposed and is often used as a solution for these concerns. Despite this use, no data are currently available to support the claims that compounded bioidentical hormone therapy is a safer or more efficacious option compared with manufactured hormone therapy. A common misperception is that all manufactured products consist of synthetic hormones and all compounded medications consist of natural hormones; however, in fact, significant overlap exists. Several key stakeholder organizations have issued statements expressing concern about the lack of evidence regarding the efficacy and safety of compounded bioidentical hormone therapy, in addition to concerns regarding prescribing patterns. The Women's Health Practice and Research Network of the American College of Clinical Pharmacy recommends against the consistent use of compounded bioidentical hormones as a safer option compared with manufactured therapy and supports the statements of other key organizations, acknowledging the need for more robust clinical studies to evaluate the potential advantages and disadvantages of compounded bioidentical products compared with manufactured products.
The TOR pathway interacts with the insulin signaling pathway to regulate C. elegans larval development, metabolism and life span

The highly conserved target-of-rapamycin (TOR) protein kinases control cell growth in response to nutrients and growth factors. In mammals, TOR has been shown to interact with raptor to relay nutrient signals to downstream translation machinery. We report that in C. elegans, mutations in the genes encoding CeTOR and raptor result in dauer-like larval arrest, implying that CeTOR regulates dauer diapause. The daf-15 (raptor) and let-363 (CeTOR) mutants shift metabolism to accumulate fat, and raptor mutations extend adult life span. daf-15 transcription is regulated by DAF-16, a FOXO transcription factor that is in turn regulated by daf-2 insulin/IGF signaling. This is a new mechanism that regulates the TOR pathway. Thus, DAF-2 insulin/IGF signaling and nutrient signaling converge on DAF-15 (raptor) to regulate C. elegans larval development, metabolism and life span.
Why Developers Participate in Open Source Software Projects: An Empirical Investigation

Our goal in this study is to provide insight into the motivational profiles of open source contributors. Adopting a functionalist view of motivation, we identify five functional dimensions from the literature on volunteerism that are relevant to the open source context and three functional dimensions from the literature on open source development. To assess the salience and relative strength of each functional explanation for open source participation, we conducted secure Web-based surveys of developers who participated in three large Apache open source projects. Applying exploratory factor analytic techniques to analyze the survey data collected from 122 Apache participants, we found 5 distinct factors underlying the motivation to participate in open source projects. We then used conjoint analysis to assess the relative importance of these underlying motivations. Results from the conjoint analysis indicate that while several dimensions are significant in explaining the motivation to participate in open source projects, the dominant motivations include increasing the contributor’s use value of the software (27 percent) followed by the recreational value of the task (19 percent) and the potential career impacts from participation (12 percent). This study contributes to the growing literature on open source software development by providing insight into the underlying motivational profiles of open source participation and by identifying the relative importance of different motivations within those profiles.
Key Metaphors in the Sociology of Professions: Occupations as Hierarchies and Landscapes

Abstract Key metaphors guide our way of thinking in that, among other things, they provide perspective, relations, directions, distances, causality, features, and principles. The literature on professions appears to encompass at least two overarching key metaphors, one that likens professional groups to a hierarchy, and another that describes them as a landscape. This article provides an analysis of two key metaphors in the literature on professions, the purpose being to outline, analyse, and relate them to a number of other central concepts. In carrying out this analysis, questions relating to the similarities and differences between the two metaphors will be addressed. What are their epistemic virtues, and what are the consequences of privileging one metaphor over the other?
A Secure and Privacy-Preserving Billing Scheme for Online Electric Vehicles

The Online Electric Vehicle (OLEV) concept is introduced by Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST) in South Korea. In OLEV system, an electric vehicle (EV) picks up electric energy remotely from power transmitters (PTs) which are buried under a certain route using its pick-up device while the EV is running. The OLEV uses wireless power transfer (WPT) technology which has been widely adopted to charge the batteries of EVs. However, there is not any billing systems for OLEV up to now. In this paper, we propose a secure and privacy-preserving billing scheme for OLEV. Users can buy electric energy from power supply company and charge their EVs anonymously and unlinkably. We assume that each PT transmits a fixed amount of energy to the EV and the energy supply company bills the EV a same amount of money for the electric energy from every PT. EVs can buy the energy according to the levels of their batteries.
Diabetes and Hepatitis C: A Two-Way Association

Diabetes and hepatitis C infection are both prevalent diseases worldwide, and are associated with increased morbidity and mortality. Most studies, but not all, have shown that patients with chronic hepatitis C are more prone to develop type 2 diabetes (T2D) compared to healthy controls, as well as when compared to patients with other liver diseases, including hepatitis B. Furthermore, epidemiological studies have revealed that patients with T2D may also be at higher risk for worse outcomes of their hepatitis C infection, including reduced rate of sustained virological response, progression to fibrosis and cirrhosis, and higher risk for development of hepatocellular carcinoma. Moreover, hepatitis C infection and mainly its treatment, interferon α, can trigger the development of type 1 diabetes. In this review, we discuss the existing data on this two-way association between diabetes and hepatitis C infection with emphasis on possible mechanisms. It remains to be determined whether the new curative therapies for chronic hepatitis C will improve outcomes in diabetic hepatitis C patients, and conversely whether treatment with Metformin will reduce complications from hepatitis C virus infection. We propose an algorithm for diabetes screening and follow-up in hepatitis C patients.
invasive disease in sub-Saharan Africa have a distinct genotype Typhimurium causing Salmonella Epidemic multiple drug resistant Material Supplemental

Material Supplemental http://genome.cshlp. org/content/suppl/2009/11/11/gr.091017. 109.DC1. html References http://genome.cshlp. org/content/19/12/2279.full. html#ref-list-1 This article cites 49 articles, 20 of which can be accessed free at: Open Access Open Access option. Genome Research Freely available online through the License Commons Creative http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/. described at a Creative Commons License (Attribution-NonCommercial 3.0 Unported License), as ). After six months, it is available under http://genome.cshlp. org/site/misc/terms.xhtml first six months after the full-issue publication date (see This article is distributed exclusively by Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press for the
Haemodynamic changes in arteriovenous malformations induced by superselective embolization: transcranial Doppler evaluation.

To reduce the intraoperative and postoperative complications in patients who suffer intracerebral arteriovenous malformations (AVM's), the slow reduction of the shunt flow to a brain perfusion flow has been tried by the use of several methods: microsurgical techniques, selective and superselective embolization, intraoperative embolization, staged operation. The risk of re-bleeding and intraoperative oedema increases in AVM's with two or more feeders. Our policy was to exclude such AVM's by primary superselective embolization††. If there was only a small residual angioma, we tried to remove this by microsurgical techniques. The haemodynamics in AVM's could be examined by measuring the blood flow velocities in the feeding arteries and in the other parts of the circle of Willis by transcranial Doppler sonography (TCD). Signs of haemodynamic effective embolization could be measured by the reduction of flow velocities. After exclusion of an AVM the velocities in the brain and feeding arteries decreased to below normal values in the first days after the operation. In the feeding arteries this was due to the fact that the arteries were enlarged so that the velocity must be decreased when there was normal volume flow. The combination of superselective angiography and microsurgical resection of the residual angioma seemed to be the best way to treat AVM's which are fed by more than two arteries and which are 3 or more cm in diameter. TCD investigations were used to measure the haemodynamic changes before and after angioma superselective embolization and microsurgical operation. †† Service Neuroradiologie, Paris: (J.J. Merland).
A Hand Grasped Object Segmentation Method Using Kinect Sensor and Body Dimension Database

This paper proposes a method to segment out a hand grasped object from human region obtained from Kinect sensor by using body dimension database. Having dataset of human body dimensions, Multiple Regression Analysis is applied to find out the best explanatory variables for forearm and upper arm length. As a result, "body height" is selected. In order to measure "body height" accurately, Kinect depth image is utilized to search with kinematical result obtained from Kinect software. After estimating wrist position, we can segment out hand grasped region. Methods and experimental results are shown.
Design and Performance Analysis of a Virtual Ring Architecture for Smart Grid Privacy

The traditional electrical grid has become inadequate in meeting the needs and demands of electricity users in the 21st century. To address this challenge, smart grid technologies have emerged, which promise more efficient production and usage of electricity through bidirectional interactions between the consumer and the utility provider. This two-way interaction allows electricity to be generated in real time based on the actual needs of the consumers. However, this two-way interaction also raises concerns related to the privacy and the personal habits of consumers. To protect sensitive energy usage information of consumers, we propose a virtual ring architecture that can provide a privacy protection solution using symmetric or asymmetric encryptions of customers' requests belonging to the same group. We compare the efficiency of our proposed approach with two recently proposed smart grid privacy approaches namely, one based on blind signature and other based on a homomorphic encryption solution. We show that our approach maintains the privacy of customers while reducing the performance overhead of cryptographic computations by more than a factor of 2 when compared with the aforementioned past solutions. We further demonstrate that our smart grid privacy solution is simple, scalable, cost-effective, and incurs minimal computational processing overheads.
An unorthodox sensor protein (TorS) mediates the induction of the tor structural genes in response to trimethylamine N‐oxide in Escherichia coli

We isolated and characterized three spontaneous mutations leading to trimethylamine N‐oxide (TMAO)‐independent expression of the tor operon encoding the TMAO‐reductase anaerobic respiratory system in Escherichia coli. The mutations lie in a new tor regulatory gene, the torS gene, which probably encodes a sensor protein of a two‐component regulatory system. One mutation, which leads to full TMAO‐constitutive expression, is a 3‐amino‐acid deletion within the potential N‐terminal periplasmic region, suggesting that this region contains the TMAO‐detector site. For the other two mutations, a further induction of the tor operon is observed when TMAO is added. Both are single substitutions and affect the linker region located between the detector and the conserved transmitter domains. Thus, as proposed for other sensors, the TorS linker region might play an essential role in propagating conformational changes between the detector and the cytoplasmic signalling regions. The TorR histidine kinase is an unorthodox sensor that contains a receiver and a C‐terminal alternative transmitter domain in addition to the domains found in most sensors. Previously, we showed that TMAO induction of the tor operon requires the TorR response regulator and the TorT periplasmic protein. Additional genetic data confirm that torS encodes the sensor partner of TorR and TorT. First, insertion within torS abolishes tor operon expression whatever the growth conditions. Second, overexpressed TorR bypasses the requirement for torS, whereas the torT gene product is dispensable for tor operon expression in a torS constitutive mutant. This supports a signal‐transduction cascade from TorT to TorR via TorS.
Performance Enhancement of Transport Layer Handover on Single-Homed Mobile Nodes

Many handover techniques in the Internet have been introduced with the development of mobile computing technologies. Although many proposed handover schemes utilize multiple wireless interfaces, having multiple wireless interfaces in a mobile device increases its power consumption, device installation space, and hardware costs. We have been studying handover schemes for mobile nodes with a single wireless interface. To achieve seamless and efficient handover, we focus on Stream Control Transmission Protocol (SCTP) that offers a message-oriented, reliable and connection-oriented delivery transport service. Unlike other transport protocols like TCP, SCTP can provide an end-to-end handover mechanism with multi-homing feature. However, the handover mechanism in the current SCTP causes large handover latency particularly when a mobile node has only one single wireless interface. This paper investigates the current issues of the SCTP handover mechanism, and proposes a new efficient handover scheme based on SCTP, which identifies a communication path as a pair of source and destination address. Additionally, we modified SCTP behavior when an SCTP endpoint received a SET PRIMARY message to change primary destination of peer endpoint. This paper shows that our scheme can reduce the handover latency by two to thirty seconds.