Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Exploring Perceptual Intensity Properties Using Electrotactile Stimulation on Fingertips

Understanding electrotactile parametric properties is a crucial milestone in achieving intuitive haptics. Perceptual intensity is a primary property, but its exploration remains challenging due to subjectivity. To address this problem, this study conducted two experiments on fingertips and proposed two metrics based on significant findings. Experiment 1 found a significant linear relationship (R<inline-formula><tex-math notation="LaTeX">$^{2}$</tex-math></inline-formula> = 0.981) between pulse amplitude (PA) and pulse width (PW) in the logarithmic plane, and proposed a metric of parameter intensity (PI) to estimate the intensity of parameters. In Experiment 2, subjective intensity (SI) was defined and measured using a scale of 0 to 10. A metric model of SI (SI model) was derived based on the linear relationship (R<inline-formula><tex-math notation="LaTeX">$^{2}>$</tex-math></inline-formula>0.78) between PI and measured SI. A calibration method was proposed and its prediction accuracy has been verified. An average RMSE of 11.2<inline-formula><tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\%$</tex-math></inline-formula> indicated an accuracy close to the subjective judgment error of 8.7<inline-formula><tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\%$</tex-math></inline-formula>. Results are consistent across subjects and four different electrode-skin conditions (ESC). The findings of this study provide theoretical support for SI prediction and regulation, which is significant for electrotactile feedback.
Interventions to improve the nutritional status of children under 5 years in Ethiopia: a systematic review

Abstract Objective: To conduct a systematic review of experimental or quasi-experimental studies that aimed to improve the nutritional status of children under 5 years of age in Ethiopia. Design: Embase, MEDLINE/PubMed, Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature (CINAHL), PsychINFO, and Academic Search Database were used to locate peer-reviewed studies, and Google Scholar and Open Dissertation were used to locate grey literatures. All searches were conducted between 2000 and November 2022. Setting: Ethiopia. Participants: Pregnant women and mothers with children aged 0–59 months. Results: Ten cluster randomised controlled trials (RCT), six quasi-experimental studies and two individual RCT were included. Out of the identified eighteen studies, three studies targeted pregnant mothers. Our findings showed that almost two-thirds of published interventions had no impact on childhood stunting and wasting, and more than half had no impact on underweight. Some behaviour change communication (BCC) interventions, food vouchers, micronutrient supplementation and quality protein maize improved stunting. Similarly, BCC and fish oil supplementation showed promise in reducing wasting, while BCC and the provision of quality protein maize reduced underweight. Additionally, water, sanitation and hygiene (WaSH) interventions provided to pregnant mothers and children under 2 years of age were shown to significantly reduce childhood stunting. Conclusion: Future childhood nutritional interventions in Ethiopia should consider adopting an integrated approach that combines the positive effects of interdependent systems such as BCC, food supplemental programmes (e.g. boosting protein and micronutrients), health interventions (e.g. strengthening maternal and childcare), WaSH and financial initiatives (e.g. monetary support and income schemes).
Dual Role of Dysfunctional Asc-1 Transporter in Distinct Human Pathologies, Human Startle Disease, and Developmental Delay

Visual Abstract Human startle disease is associated with mutations in distinct genes encoding glycine receptors, transporters or interacting proteins at glycinergic synapses in spinal cord and brainstem. However, a significant number of diagnosed patients does not carry a mutation in the common genes GLRA1, GLRB, and SLC6A5. Recently, studies on solute carrier 7 subfamily 10 (SLC7A10; Asc-1, alanine-serine-cysteine transporter) knock-out (KO) mice displaying a startle disease-like phenotype hypothesized that this transporter might represent a novel candidate for human startle disease. Here, we screened 51 patients from our patient cohort negative for the common genes and found three exonic (one missense, two synonymous), seven intronic, and single nucleotide changes in the 5′ and 3′ untranslated regions (UTRs) in Asc-1. The identified missense mutation Asc-1G307R from a patient with startle disease and developmental delay was investigated in functional studies. At the molecular level, the mutation Asc-1G307R did not interfere with cell-surface expression, but disrupted glycine uptake. Substitution of glycine at position 307 to other amino acids, e.g., to alanine or tryptophan did not affect trafficking or glycine transport. By contrast, G307K disrupted glycine transport similar to the G307R mutation found in the patient. Structurally, the disrupted function in variants carrying positively charged residues can be explained by local structural rearrangements because of the large positively charged side chain. Thus, our data suggest that SLC7A10 may represent a rare but novel gene associated with human startle disease and developmental delay.
Understanding Donor Behaviour: Actors and Processes in Disaster-Relief Decision-Making

Two of the largest natural disasters that hit in 2010 were the January earthquake in Haiti and the flooding in Pakistan which followed seven months later. Unlike Canada’s disaster-relief intervention to the earthquake, the response to the Pakistan floods has been argued to be comparatively minimal relative to the extent of damage sustained. Through a series of interviews with bureaucrats affecting Canada’s disaster-relief responses in both 2010 disasters, this paper asks, who (and what) really determines the scope and magnitude of international disaster-relief interventions? Through the development and application of a multi-level conceptual framework, donor behaviour is said to be affected by each of macro-institutional, meso-contextual and micro-foundational factors. The findings highlight the determinative role of political actors in shaping humanitarian assistance decisions.
Structural basis of the myosin X PH1N-PH2-PH1C tandem as a specific and acute cellular PI(3,4,5)P3 sensor

The first PH domain of the myosin X cargo-binding domain is split into halves by insertion of another PH domain forming a PH1N-PH2-PH1C tandem. This tandem forms a rigid supramodule with the two lipid-binding pockets juxtaposed for cooperative binding to PI(3,4,5)P3-containing lipid membranes.
Increasing Levels of Positive End-expiratory Pressure Cause Stepwise Biventricular Stroke Work Reduction in a Porcine Model

Background: Positive end-expiratory pressure (PEEP) is commonly applied to avoid atelectasis and improve oxygenation in patients during general anesthesia but affects cardiac pressures, volumes, and loading conditions through cardiorespiratory interactions. PEEP may therefore alter stroke work, which is the area enclosed by the pressure-volume loop and corresponds to the external work performed by the ventricles to eject blood. The low-pressure right ventricle may be even more susceptible to PEEP than the left ventricle. The authors hypothesized that increasing levels of PEEP would reduce stroke work in both ventricles. Methods: This was a prospective, observational, experimental study. Six healthy female pigs of approximately 60 kg were used. PEEP was stepwise increased from 0 to 5, 7, 9, 11, 13, 15, 17, and 20 cm H2O to cover the clinical spectrum of PEEP. Simultaneous, biventricular invasive pressure-volume loops, invasive blood pressures, and ventilator data were recorded. Results: Increasing PEEP resulted in stepwise reductions in left (5,740 ± 973 vs. 2,303 ± 1,154 mmHg · ml; P < 0.001) and right (2,064 ± 769 vs. 468 ± 133 mmHg · ml; P < 0.001) ventricular stroke work. The relative stroke work reduction was similar between the two ventricles. Left ventricular ejection fraction, afterload, and coupling were preserved. On the contrary, PEEP increased right ventricular afterload and caused right ventriculo-arterial uncoupling (0.74 ± 0.30 vs. 0.19 ± 0.13; P = 0.01) with right ventricular ejection fraction reduction (64 ± 8% vs. 37 ± 7%, P < 0.001). Conclusions: A stepwise increase in PEEP caused stepwise reduction in biventricular stroke work. However, there are important interventricular differences in response to increased PEEP levels. PEEP increased right ventricular afterload leading to uncoupling and right ventricular ejection fraction decline. These findings may support clinical decision-making to further optimize PEEP as a means to balance between improving lung ventilation and preserving right ventricular function. This study of six healthy, anesthetized female pigs found that stepwise increases in positive end-expiratory pressure (PEEP) were associated with biventricular decreased stroke work as assessed using biventricular pressure-volume loop recordings. Higher PEEP had divergent effects on right versus left ventricle for key hemodynamic variables including arterial elastance, ejection fraction, ventriculo-arterial coupling, and end-systolic pressures. The impact of PEEP was more notable and potentially detrimental for the right ventricle compared to the left ventricle.
Mining and Understanding of multilinguaL contenT for Intelligent Sentiment Enriched coNtext and Social Oriented inteRpretation

ive summarisation applies NLG methods to generate multilingual textual summaries (accompanied by multimedia if needed)from data. In MULTISENSOR, the starting point of the abstractive summarisation is the contents in the semantic repository, which are obtained from text documents using NLP and IE methods as part of WP2, and then integrated with data from other sources (images from multimedia documents, videos, social media, etc.) and enriched through reasoning as part of WP4 and WP5. With the purpose of reusing in WP6 the linguistic information and semantic data extracted from the texts in WP2, it has been agreed that all text analysis components produce annotated text as their output, and that these annotations are kept together with the analysed text as an annotated corpus. So far, the following annotations are foreseen: 1. Layout annotations (e.g. title, lead) detected by the generic crawler by Yahoo (WP7) using Boilerpipe or similar. 6 See https://code.google. com/p/boilerpipe/
Evaluation of the Results for an Intermediate-Term Prediction of the 8 January 2006 Mw 6.9 Cythera Earthquake in the Southwestern Aegean

During the past few decades the critical earthquake model, which is based on observations concerning accelerating seismic deformation and concepts of the critical point dynamics, has been proposed by various seismologists as a useful tool for intermediate-term earthquake prediction. A refined approach of this model has been previously applied to search for preshock (critical) regions in the southern Aegean, using all available data until the middle of 2002. A critical region corre- sponding to a large mainshock had been identified (Papazachos et al., 2002a,b) in the southwestern part of the Aegean, near the Cythera island. The predicted (in 2002) parameters for this ensuing earthquake are u 36.5� N, k 22.7� E for the epicental geographic coordinates (with a model uncertainty of 120 km), focal depth 100 km, moment magnitude M 6.9 0.5, and origin time tc 2006.4 2.0. The generation of the strong Cythera earthquake on 8 January 2006 with M 6.9, epicenter coordinates u 36.2� N and k 23.4� E and a focal depth of h 65 km satisfies this intermediate-term prediction. The region where significant macroseismic effects were anticipated from the predicted mainshock (Cythera, south Peloponnesus, west Crete, and west Cyclades) corresponds to the area where damage by the 8 January 2006 strong earthquake has been observed. The verification of this prediction is strong evidence that the intermediate-term prediction of strong earthquakes is potentially feasible, but additional forward testing of the model is needed to validate this result.
COMPREHENSIVE GROUTING TREATMENT FOR WATER GUSHING ANALYSIS IN LIMESTONE BRECCIAS FRACTURE ZONE

Water gushing in limestone breccia fracture zone is a complex geological disaster often encountered in tunnel construction.Compared with the general water gushing in fracture rock mass,due to the poor stability of surrounding rock and rock heterogeneity,gushing treatment in limestone breccias fracture zone is very difficult.For controlling the water gushing in breccias fracture zone with high water pressure and quantity in Zhongliangshan tunnel,water analysis and transient electromagnetic detection were conducted;and groundwater source and channel were analyzed.Based on this,drainage was done first to reduce the water pressure in surrounding rock,then grouting was carried out to strengthen shallow layer.The shallow layer grouting was divided into two parts,i.e.upper part and lower part.Curtain in deep rock was done to plug water.Plugging and drainage were combined in water gushing control.Those four measures formed a comprehensive treatment method.A good control effect was achieved through choosing adaptive grouting materials and matched technology.Surrounding rock deformation and water quantity were measured and analyzed to avoid rock instability induced by grouting pressure.The comprehensive water gushing treatment method well solved the problems during grouting process in breccia fracture zone and realized informatization construction.
Within- and among-population genetic variation in Outer Bay of Fundy Atlantic Salmon (Salmo salar L.), with special emphasis on the Saint John River system in the context of recent human impacts

Recent declines in the number of adult Atlantic Salmon ( Salmo salar ) returns to rivers of the Outer Bay of Fundy (OBoF), and low probability of population rescue by conspecifics from neighbouring Designatable Units (DUs), have precipitated the recent designation of OBoF Atlantic Salmon as endangered by the Committee on the Status of Endangered Wildlife in Canada. Although a number of factors are likely involved in historic and the more recent reductions in anadromous runs in the OBoF, there has been considerable focus on the direct role of hydroelectric facilities on the Saint John River (SJR) system, and possible associated effects of large-scale mitigation stocking that commenced in the early 1970s, including loss of within-population genetic variation and the homogenization of putative tributary stocks above Mactaquac Dam and the resulting loss of local adaptation. This research document will report on results of analyses of two molecular genetic datasets (originally collected for other purposes), one involving eight small sample collections obtained from the OBoF analyzed at a limited set of seven microsatellite loci, and another involving only two OBoF locations, but analyzed at a larger set of 17 microsatellite loci. Both datasets include at least one tributary of the SJR above and one below Mactaquac Dam, and multiple reference populations from other DUs.
15 . COLLOCATIONS

This chapter describes a class of word groups that lies between idioms and free word combinations. Idiomatic expressions are those in which the semantics of the whole cannot be deduced from the meanings of the individual constituents. Free word combinations have the properties that each of the words can be replaced by another without seriously modifying the overall meaning of the composite unit and if one of the words is omitted, a reader cannot easily infer it from the remaining ones. Unlike free word combinations, a collocation is a group of words that occur together more often than by chance. On the other hand, unlike idioms, individual words in a collocation can contribute to the overall semantics of the compound. We present some definitions and examples of collocations, as well as methods for their extraction and classification. The use of collocations for word sense disambiguation, text generation, and machine translation is also part of this chapter.
SUSTAINABILITY OF NATURE: THE POWER OF THE TYPE OF VISITORS

Nature tourism has a strong potential, and as a result of this tourism activity, the environmental concern is considered an important element which guides business and tourism activity. This element also generates the change in the society's behaviour, in order to conciliate economic and political interest with the environmental ones, with the final aim to guarantee the existence of these resources in the future and the tourism competitiveness of these natural areas. To get this purpose of sustainable development, in the case of natural areas where it is difficult to control the carrying capacity because the access is uncontrolled in them, it is important to attract visitors which are identify with the destination, its resources and what it has to offer. In this way the visitors have a behavior at the destination that will help to achieve its sustainability. In this sense, the segmentation has an important role in the development, management and success of a natural area in a competitive tourism environment. Because the segmentation allows knowing visitors, their preference, wishes and needs, and it makes easy the adjustment of supply. At the same time, this activity allows to lead the communication actions of a tourism destination or area toward the visitors who are identified with the destination offers. This guarantees the sustainability of destination over time. The purpose of this paper it is to identify visitors who have a behavior and interest in protected natural areas, and who will be consider as appropriate target to direct the promotion to encourage their visit. This paper includes the analysis of the type of visitors in the area of Serrania Alta de Cuenca, in Spain, according to their features, the type of travel and their opinion about the destination. This study provides relevant information to guide the management of tourism activity in this area. Latent Gold 4.5  is the statistical software used to make the segmentation. This technique is different from other by its strict statistical formulation which puts the visitors into group by the probability of belonging to each segment.
Using language models for information retrieval

Because of the world wide web, information retrieval systems are now used by millions of untrained users all over the world. The search engines that perform the information retrieval tasks, often retrieve thousands of potentially interesting documents to a query. The documents should be ranked in decreasing order of relevance in order to be useful to the user. This book describes a mathematical model of information retrieval based on the use of statistical language models. The approach uses simple document-based unigram models to compute for each document the probability that it generates the query. This probability is used to rank the documents. The study makes the following research contributions. * The development of a model that integrates term weighting, relevance feedback and structured queries. * The development of a model that supports multiple representations of a request or information need by integrating a statistical translation model. * The development of a model that supports multiple representations of a document, for instance by allowing proximity searches or searches for terms from a particular record field (e.g. a search for terms from the title). * A mathematical interpretation of stop word removal and stemming. * A mathematical interpretation of operators for mandatory terms, wildcards and synonyms. * A practical comparison of a language model-based retrieval system with similar systems that are based on well-established models and term weighting algorithms in a controlled experiment. * The application of the model to cross-language information retrieval and adaptive information filtering, and the evaluation of two prototype systems in a controlled experiment. Experimental results on three standard tasks show that the language model-based algorithms work as well as, or better than, today's top-performing retrieval algorithms. The standard tasks investigated are ad-hoc retrieval (when there are no previously retrieved documents to guide the search), retrospective relevance weighting (find the optimum model for a given set of relevant documents), and ad-hoc retrieval using manually formulated Boolean queries. The application to cross-language retrieval and adaptive filtering shows the practical use of respectively structured queries, and relevance feedback.
Synergistic roles of tristetraprolin family members in myeloid cells in the control of inflammation

Simultaneous deficiency of three tristetraprolin family members in myeloid cells resulted in severe inflammation in mice, suggesting that these three proteins act together to prevent inflammation. Members of the tristetraprolin (TTP) family of RNA-binding proteins can bind to and promote the decay of specific transcripts containing AU-rich motifs. ZFP36 (TTP) is best known for regulating pro-inflammatory cytokine expression in myeloid cells; however, its mammalian paralogues ZFP36L1 and ZFP36L2 have not been viewed as important in controlling inflammation. We knocked out these genes in myeloid cells in mice, singly and together. Single-gene myeloid-specific knockouts resulted in almost no spontaneous phenotypes. In contrast, mice with myeloid cell deficiency of all three genes developed severe inflammation, with a median survival of 8 wk. Macrophages from these mice expressed many more stabilized transcripts than cells from myeloid-specific TTP knockout mice; many of these encoded pro-inflammatory cytokines and chemokines. The failure of weight gain, arthritis, and early death could be prevented completely by two normal alleles of any of the three paralogues, and even one normal allele of Zfp36 or Zfp36l2 was enough to prevent the inflammatory phenotype. Our findings emphasize the importance of all three family members, acting in concert, in myeloid cell function.