Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Extracorporeal life support

Purpose of reviewRefractory cardiac arrest still has a grave prognosis under conventional cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR). We present the recent studies in extracorporeal CPR (ECPR) for the treatment of refractory cardiac arrest. Recent findingsApart from the studies of ECPR in pediatric in-hospital cardiac arrest (IHCA), there was an increasing number of studies of this therapy in adult IHCA and out-of-hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA). The indications for ECPR varied across studies. In most cases ECPR was deployed on patients with reversible cardiac diseases or other cardiac diseases such as congenital heart disease, postcardiotomy arrest or acute myocardial infarction. Higher lactate values, longer CPR duration and postresuscitation renal failure were associated with increasing mortality. Percutaneous coronary intervention and therapeutic hypothermia were increasingly used along with ECPR. SummaryIn this review, survival after ECPR was generally best after pediatric IHCA (38–57%), followed by adult IHCA (34–46%) and then adult OHCA (4–36%). Most studies reported that longer conventional CPR duration was associated with mortality after ECPR; however, there was no consensus on the optimal conventional CPR duration before ECPR initiation. Future studies might focus on the indications for ECPR, which should maximize the survival potential after ECPR while reducing the overuse of this resource-intensive facility.
Pass-Through of External Factors into Price Indicators In Turkey

This study analyzes the pass-through of exchange rate and US Dollar denominated import prices into consumer and producer prices in Turkey. To this end, pricing along a distribution chain framework is utilized and it is estimated by Vector Auto Regression (VAR) for the pre-inflation targeting and the inflation targeting periods. Results show that the pass-through of both external factors into producer prices is higher than it is for consumer prices. In addition, the degree of pass-through is significantly lower in the inflation targeting period compared to the previous period. The cumulative exchange rate and import price pass-through coefficients into consumer prices for the recent period are found similar to each other while import price shocks are reflected much faster. For the producer prices, import price shocks are found to be reflected more than the exchange rate shocks. An exercise based on these estimation results shows that during 2007-2009 external factors were influential on consumer prices. Furthermore simultaneous counter movements of exchange rate and import prices at that period limited and sometimes offset the impact of each other on consumer prices.
Comparison of intravenous patient-controlled analgesia with tramadol versus morphine after microvascular breast reconstruction.

Tramadol is a weak centrally acting analgesic and it might provide efficacious postoperative pain relief with minimal sedative effects in the use of intravenous patient-controlled analgesia (PCA). Sixty women scheduled to undergo microvascular breast reconstruction under standard general anaesthesia were enrolled in a study on the performance of patient-controlled analgesia with tramadol or morphine with special emphasis on drug- and technique-related side-effects. Seven patients were re-operated within the same day, leaving 25 patients in the tramadol group and 28 in the morphine group for comparison. When postoperative pain occurred, loading doses of either 10 mg tramadol or 1 mg morphine intravenous increments were administered in a double-blind fashion until the pain control was judged to be satisfactory by the patient. After that the patients received tramadol or morphine by a PCA apparatus (lockout 5 min, tramadol 450 microg kg-1, morphine 45 microg kg-1 bolus). In addition, all patients received 500 mg paracetamol rectally, three times a day. The potency ratio of tramadol to morphine was found to be between 8.5 : 1 (loading) and 11 : 1 (PCA). There was neither a significant difference between the groups in the overall satisfaction of the analgesic medication nor in the visual analogue and verbal rate scales for pain. Women in the tramadol group had more nausea and vomiting during the administration of loading doses (P < 0.05) and more patients in the tramadol group (7) than in the morphine group (3) (NS) wanted to discontinue the PCA therapy before the end of the study due to nausea. Sedation or blurred vision prevented the performance of the psychomotor tests in 22 and 32% of the tramadol and morphine patients, respectively. The remaining patients performed similarly in the Digit Symbol Substitution Test. In women receiving intravenous PCA for analgesia after microvascular breast reconstruction tramadol and morphine provided comparable postoperative analgesia with similar sedative effects. However, tramadol was associated with a disturbingly high incidence of nausea and vomiting.
Global political marketing

Innehall: 1. Global Political Marketing by Jennifer Lees-Marshment 2. A Framework for Comparing Political Market-Orientation by Jesper Stromback 3. Political Marketing in Germany by Michaela Maier, Jens Tenscher & Kirsten Schuller 4. Political Market-Orientation in a Multi-Party System: The Swedish Case by Jesper Stromback 5.New Zealand Political marketing: marketing communication rather than the product? Jennifer Lees-Marshment 6. Australian Political Marketing: Substance backed by style by Andrew Hughes and Stephen Dann 7. Political Marketing in the United States: From Market- Towards Sales-Orientation? Jonathan Knuckey 8. UK Political marketing: a question of leadership? Jennifer Lees-Marshment and Robin Pettitt 9. The Level Of Market-Orientation Of Political Parties In Greece Danis Kotzaivazoglou and Yiorgos Zotos 10. Political Salesmen in Hungary Balazs Kiss and Zsuzsanna Mihalyffy 11.The Czech Case: Social Democratic Or Social Market Party? Anna Matuskova, Otto Eibl and Alexander Braun 12. Testing the Market Orientated Model of political parties in a non-western context: The case of Taiwan Dafydd Fell and Isabelle Cheng 13. Political Marketing in Ghana Kobby Mensah 14. Political Marketing in a weak democracy: the Peruvian case Pedro Patron Galindo 15.Political Marketing Techniques in Russia Derek Hutcheson 16. Political market orientation in Japan Masahiko Asano and Bryce Wakefield 17. Implementing and interpreting market orientation in practice: lessons from Britain Roger Mortimore and Mark Gill 18. Political marketing, party behaviour and political science Mick Temple 19. Global Political Marketing: Analysis and Conclusions Jennifer Lees-Marshment, Chris Rudd and Jesper Stromback
Asymmetrical blastomere origin and spatial domains of dopamine and neuropeptide Y amacrine subtypes in Xenopus tadpole retina

Amacrine cells are located almost exclusively in the inner nuclear layer (INL) of the retina, but they express a variety of neurotransmitters. To begin to elucidate the relative roles of the local environment and cell lineage in determining the different neurotransmitter subtypes of amacrine cells, we combined lineage tracing and immunocytochemical techniques to map the spatial distribution and clonal origin of dopamine (DA) and neuropeptide Y (NPY) amacrine cells in Xenopus tadpole retina. At the earliest period of neurotransmitter expression, both DA and NPY amacrine cells were distributed preferentially in center and intermediate annular regions, and in anterior and dorsal quadrants. Most of the DA and NPY cells first emerged as scattered cells and later as clusters (of 2 or more cells) that increased in number and size up to premetamorphic stages. These results suggest that DA and NPY amacrine subtypes may be influenced by environmental cues localized to specific regions of the retina. Lineage analysis showed that the percentage of DA or NPY amacrine cells produced by most blastomere progenitors is significantly different from that predicted by the number of cells in the retina produced by those blastomeres. Only two blastomeres produced over 90% of the DA amacrine cells and only four produced 97% of the NPY amacrine cells. Some retinal progenitors did not contribute at all to these two amacrine subtypes. There also is a marked asymmetry in the blastomere origin of DA and NPY amacrine cells. Two retinal progenitors produced significant numbers of NPY but very few DA amacrine cells. This analysis provides evidence that blastomere origin restricts the developmental choices of retinal progenitors. © 1995 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Alternative Splicing of EZH2 pre-mRNA by SF3B3 Contributes to the Tumorigenic Potential of Renal Cancer

Purpose: Deregulation or mutation of the EZH2 gene causes various tumors, including clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC). Although several splice variants of EZH2 have been identified, little is known about how EZH2 splicing is regulated or the contribution of alternative splicing to its protumorigenic functions. Experimental Design: We conducted RT-PCR, Western blot analysis, and IHC techniques to examine EZH2 and its alternative splicing transcript expression in renal cancer tissue and renal cancer cell lines. Proliferation, migration, clonogenicity, and tumorigenicity of renal cancer cells either exhibiting knockdown of EZH2 or its splicing factor SF3B3 were assessed by CCK8, Transwell assay, and murine xenograft experiments. Results: We found that the inclusion of alternative EZH2 exon 14 was significantly increased in ccRCC samples and renal cancer cell lines. In ccRCC lines, enforced expression of EZH2Δ14 inhibited, and EZH2 promoted, cell growth, migration, proliferation, and tumorigenicity in a xenograft model. Mechanistic studies demonstrated that EZH2Δ14 isoform functions as a dominant-negative inhibitor of full-length EZH2. Coexpression of EZH2Δ14 variant with full-length EZH2 not only abrogated DAB2IP and HOXA9 suppression but also inhibited EZH2-driven tumorigenesis. Strikingly, the splicing factor SF3B3 stimulates inclusion of exon14 and has pro-proliferative activity. Importantly, the upregulation of SF3B3 expression observed in clinical ccRCC samples parallels the increased inclusion of EZH2 exon14, and the SF3B3 level is associated with higher tumor stage and poor overall survival. Conclusions: These results suggest SF3B3 as a key regulator of EZH2 pre-mRNA splicing and SF3B3 may represent a novel prognostic factor and potential therapeutic target in ccRCC. Clin Cancer Res; 23(13); 3428–41. ©2016 AACR.
Did the Murder of Theo Van Gogh Change Europeans' Immigration Policy Preferences?

To what degree are preferences determined by fundamental and stable value orientations, or are they vulnerable to exogenous shocks to issue saliency? We exploit that the second round of the European Social Survey was conducted around the time when Mohammed Bouyeri murdered Theo van Gogh on 2 November 2004. The murder was covered extensively across Europe and led to a debate about the impact of mass immigration. We consider the murder as a natural experiment which allows us to explore how a shock to issue saliency affects immigration policy preferences. We compare preferences of those interviewed right before the murder (control group) with those interviewed right after the murder (treatment group). We find robust evidence of a significant treatment effect in a pooled analysis with country fixed effects. However, when we allow the treatment effect to vary across countries, we find evidence of more support for restrictive policy in only three countries (Norway, Spain, and Slovakia).
C. elegans as a model system to study the function of the COG complex in animal development

Abstract The conserved oligomeric Golgi (COG) complex is an octameric protein complex associated with the Golgi apparatus and is required for proper sorting and glycosylation of Golgi resident enzymes and secreted proteins. Although COG complex function has been extensively studied at the cellular and subcellular levels, its role in animal development mostly remains unknown. Recently, mutations in the components of the COG complex were found to cause abnormal gonad morphogenesis in Caenorhabditis elegans. In C. elegans, the COG complex acts in the glycosylation of an ADAM (a disintegrin and metalloprotease) family protein, MIG-17, which directs migration of gonadal distal tip cells to lead gonad morphogenesis. This is the first link between the COG complex and the function of an ADAM protease that is directly involved in organ morphogenesis, demonstrating the potential of C. elegans as a model system to study COG function in animal development.
Migration and the great recession : the transatlantic experience

This volume by MPI's Transatlantic Council on Migration examines how immigrants have fared economically and in the labor market during the global economic crisis. It focuses on seven country case studies: the United States,Germany, Ireland, Portugal, Spain, Sweden, and the United Kingdom. The case studies carefully detail unemployment rates through the recession and beyond across a range of metrics such as education, age, gender, and job sector. They examine migration flows and immigrant well-being indicators. Taken together, the studies trace the effects of the financial crisis on major immigrant-receiving countries on both sides of the Atlantic, explaining how youth, men, and young minorities were disproportionately affected.
Overexpression of WISP-1 Down-regulated Motility and Invasion of Lung Cancer Cells through Inhibition of Rac Activation*

Wnt-induced-secreted-protein-1 (WISP-1) is a cysteine-rich, secreted factor belonging to the CCN family. These proteins have been implicated in the inhibition of metastasis; however, the mechanisms involved have not been described. We demonstrated that overexpression of WISP-1 in H460 lung cancer cells inhibited lung metastasis and in vitro cell invasion and motility. We investigated the possibility that WISP-1 may regulate activation of Rac, a small GTPase important for cytoskeletal reorganizations during motility. In an indirect assay, WISP-1-expressing cells exhibited marked reduction in Rac activation compared with control cells. Blocking antibodies to αvβ5 and α1 integrins restored Rac activation in WISP-1 cells, suggesting that the inhibitory effect of WISP-1 on Rac lies downstream of integrins. Constitutively activated Rac mutant (RacG12V) was transfected into WISP-1 cells to restore Rac activation and these WISP-1/RacG12V transfectants were used for further studies. We performed microarray and real-time PCR analyses to identify genes involved in invasion that may be differentially regulated by WISP-1. Here, we showed decreased expression of metalloproteinase-1 (MMP-1) in WISP-1 cells compared with controls but increased expression in WISP-1/RacG12V cells. In an invasion assay across collagen I, an MMP-1 target matrix, WISP-1 cells were significantly less invasive compared with controls, whereas WISP-1/RacG12V cells showed elevated invasion levels. This work illustrates a negatively regulated pathway by WISP-1 involving integrins and Rac in the down-regulation of invasion.
Transdermal delivery of tadalafil using a novel formulation

Abstract The aim of this work was to investigate the transdermal gel loaded with tadalafil, a practically insoluble selective phosphodiesterase-5 inhibitor (PDE5) in order to improve the solubility and bioavailability. The solubility of tadalafil in mixed solution of hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin (HPCD), polyethylene glycol (PEG) 400 and tween 80 (T2 solution) was 260.8 ± 4.3 µg/mL and that of tadalafil in modified T2 (M-T2) solution, which tadalafil was dissolved in 20% (w/v) HPCD at first and then mixture solutions of PEG 400 and tween 80 were added, was increased to 344.9 ± 30.6 µg/mL. Four gel formulae were prepared, subsequently in vitro and in vivo skin permeation studies were carried out. Interestingly, tadalafil gel in M-T2 and oleic acid (OA) (F3) could promote the percutaneous absorption of tadalafil by 179.4% in vitro and increase AUC by 223% in vivo compared with tadalafil gel in the absence of M-T2 and OA (F1). Also, there was a finding that tadalafil gel in M-T2 and OA did not cause dermal irritations in an experimental animal.
Zinc source influences zinc retention in hair and hair growth in the dog.

Zinc absorption has been shown to vary as a func tion of the source of the zinc in the diet (Ho and Hdiroglou 1977, Ashmead et al. 1985, Wedekind and Baker 1990, Wedekind et al. 1990) and, in dogs, as a function of the presence or absence of dietary antag onists (Robertson and Burns 1963). Zinc absorption also varies as a function of the ac tual quantity of zinc in the diet (Mejborn 1990), the effect being with respect to the absolute amount of zinc absorbed with increasing dietary zinc, in contrast to the percentage absorption that may remain un changed. Problems may, however, arise as a result of increas ing the zinc content of a diet in an attempt to increase zinc absorption form the gut. The increase in zinc content of the diet may result in interaction with an other mineral causing a reduction in absorption of that mineral. Increasing dietary zinc above the minimum recommended, however, remains common practice to counteract antagonist effects on zinc absorption (NRC 1985) in many commercial diets. It has been suggested that when dietary zinc is sup plied in the form of a chelate with amino acids, rather than from inorganic sources, a greater proportion of zinc is absorbed. Depending on the amino acids used to chelate the zinc, the retention of zinc in tissues may be increased (Ashmead et al. 1989) and the undesirable effects that dietary antagonists exert on zinc absorp tion may be negated. Thus the inclusion of a zinc chelate in a diet for dogs may allow for the improvement of zinc absorp tion irrespective of the presence of dietary antagonists without the need to increase the total zinc supply in the diet. The purpose of this study was to compare two sources of zinc, zinc-amino acid chelate (2 mol metgly:l mol Zn) containing 20% Zn (ZM) and a zincpolysaccharide complex consisting of zinc sulphate complexed with alkali-modified brewers wort (the liq uid portion of malted grain), 16.7% Zn (ZP) as a re placement for Zn from zinc oxide when added to a commercial diet formulation. Materials and methods. Each zinc source was added to a typical commercial diet formulation (Table 1) that contained no added zinc. An equivalent of an additional 50 mg Zn â€¢ kg'1 as either ZO, ZM or ZP was
The influence of socioeconomic markers on the association between fine particulate matter and hospital admissions for respiratory conditions among children.

OBJECTIVES We evaluated the influence of socioeconomic status (SES) on hospital admissions for respiratory conditions associated with ambient particulate matter that is 2.5 micrometers or less in aerodynamic diameter (PM2.5) in children aged 1 to 9 years in 12 California counties, from 2000 to 2005. METHODS We linked daily hospital admissions for respiratory conditions (acute respiratory infections, pneumonia, and asthma) to meteorological, air pollution, and census data. RESULTS In San Diego, San Bernardino, Riverside, and Los Angeles counties, the admission rates for children associated with PM2.5 ranged from 1.03 to 1.07 for combined respiratory conditions and 1.03 to 1.08 for asthma in regions with lower SES. We observed 2 distinct patterns of the influence of the composite SES Townsend index. In lower-SES South Coast areas, PM2.5-associated hospital admission rates for all respiratory outcomes were predominantly positive whereas results in the Central Valley were variable, often tending toward the null. CONCLUSIONS These distinct patterns could be attributed to the heterogeneity of regional confounders as well as the seasonal variation of emission sources of PM2.5. Composite SES is one potential factor for increasing susceptibility to air pollution.
KaiA-stimulated KaiC phosphorylation in circadian timing loops in cyanobacteria

Cyanobacterial clock proteins KaiA and KaiC are proposed as positive and negative regulators in the autoregulatory circadian kaiBC expression, respectively. Here, we show that activation of kaiBC expression by kaiA requires KaiC, suggesting a positive feedback control in the cyanobacterial clockwork. We found that robust circadian phosphorylation of KaiC. KaiA was essential for in vivo KaiC phosphorylation and activated in vitro KaiC autophosphorylation. These effects of KaiA were attenuated by the kaiA2 long period mutation. Both the long period phenotype and the abnormal KaiC phosphorylation in this mutant were suppressed by a previously undocumented kaiC mutation. We propose that KaiA-stimulated circadian KaiC phosphorylation is important for circadian timing.
The pearl oyster Pinctada fucata martensii genome and multi-omic analyses provide insights into biomineralization

Abstract Nacre, the iridescent material found in pearls and shells of molluscs, is formed through an extraordinary process of matrix-assisted biomineralization. Despite recent advances, many aspects of the biomineralization process and its evolutionary origin remain unknown. The pearl oyster Pinctada fucata martensii is a well-known master of biomineralization, but the molecular mechanisms that underlie its production of shells and pearls are not fully understood. We sequenced the highly polymorphic genome of the pearl oyster and conducted multi-omic and biochemical studies to probe nacre formation. We identified a large set of novel proteins participating in matrix-framework formation, many in expanded families, including components similar to that found in vertebrate bones such as collagen-related VWA-containing proteins, chondroitin sulfotransferases, and regulatory elements. Considering that there are only collagen-based matrices in vertebrate bones and chitin-based matrices in most invertebrate skeletons, the presence of both chitin and elements of collagen-based matrices in nacre suggests that elements of chitin- and collagen-based matrices have deep roots and might be part of an ancient biomineralizing matrix. Our results expand the current shell matrix-framework model and provide new insights into the evolution of diverse biomineralization systems.
Tyrosine 547 Constitutes an Essential Part of the Catalytic Mechanism of Dipeptidyl Peptidase IV*

Human dipeptidyl peptidase IV (DPP-IV) is a ubiquitously expressed type II transmembrane serine protease. It cleaves the penultimate positioned prolyl bonds at the N terminus of physiologically important peptides such as the incretin hormones glucagon-like peptide 1 and glucose-dependent insulinotropic peptide. In this study, we have characterized different active site mutants. The Y547F mutant as well as the catalytic triad mutants S630A, D708A, and H740L showed less than 1% wild type activity. X-ray crystal structure analysis of the Y547F mutant revealed no overall changes compared with wild type apoDPP-IV, except the ablation of the hydroxyl group of Tyr547 and a water molecule positioned in close proximity to Tyr547. To elucidate further the reaction mechanism, we determined the crystal structure of DPP-IV in complex with diisopropyl fluorophosphate, mimicking the tetrahedral intermediate. The kinetic and structural findings of the tyrosine residue are discussed in relation to the catalytic mechanism of DPP-IV and to the inhibitory mechanism of the 2-cyanopyrrolidine class of potent DPP-IV inhibitors, proposing an explanation for the specificity of this class of inhibitors for the S9b family among serine proteases.