Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Generalized Regression Neural Network based Phase Characterization of a Reflectarray Employing Minkowski Element of Variable Size

In this paper, a simple, accurate and fast Generalized Regression Neural Network (GRNN) model is carried out to determine the phase characterization of a reflectarray unit cell design employing Minkowski shape element for different geometry parameters within the frequency range 10-12 GHz. The recent aim of reflectarray antenna design is to have a smaller gradient (slower slope) of the reflected wave phase by varying the element’s size and substrate thickness. The efficient relationship is achieved between the actual and reconstructed data with this model. This model can provide a fast, accurate interface between the antenna design and global optimization algorithms.
Anaplastic carcinoma following well-differentiated thyroid cancer: etiological considerations.

Most cases of anaplastic thyroid carcinoma can be pathologically and often historically associated with the presence of low-grade (differentiated) cancer in the thyroid. That radiation therapy to the differentiated tumor plays an etiologic role in the transformation of a differentiated to an undifferentiated tumor has been suggested. If such therapy can be implicated, is there a difference in risk between external radiotherapy or radioactive iodine? Review of the literature discloses that more anaplastic carcinoma of the thyroid develop in patients without a history of prior radiation than in individuals who have received radiation. We report our recent experience with two patients who demonstrated the sequence of well-differentiated followed by anaplastic thyroid cancer subsequent to radiation and review the question. ImagesFIG. 1FIG. 2FIG. 3FIG. 4FIG. 5
Extremal weight modules of quantum affine algebras

Let $\ag$ be an affine Lie algebra, and let $\Ua$ be the quantum affine algebra introduced by Drinfeld and Jimbo. In [Kas94] Kashiwara introduced a $\Ua$-module $V(\lambda)$, having a global crystal base for an integrable weight $\lambda$ of level 0. We call it an {\it extremal weight module}. In [\S13]{Kas00} Kashiwara gave a conjecture on the structure of extremal weight modules. We prove his conjecture when $\ag$ is an untwisted affine Lie algebra of a simple Lie algebra $\g$ of type $ADE$, using a result of Beck-Chari-Pressley [BCP].
Some RSSB constructions with improved resistance towards differential power analysis

In 1999, Kocher et al. demonstrated the differential power analysis (DPA) attacks on secured cryptographic implementation of AES. Later, this attack along with correlation power analysis (CPA) posed a critical challenge from cryptographers' perspective that not only mathematical security of a cryptographic algorithm, the physical security of its implementation (be it software or hardware) must be proven to call the system "secured". The class of rotation symmetric S-boxes (RSSBs) are linearly equivalent to the S-boxes constructed from power maps which means the important crytographic properties of the power maps are also present in the class of RSSBs. In this talk, we present some RSSB constructions which are targeted for improved resistance to DPA attacks and also have a good tradeoff of cryptographic properties like high nonlinearity and low GAC absolute indicator value.
The joint estimation of source number and DOA non-based on the Eigen decomposition approach

A new concept ‘propagator’ for array signal processing is recently introduced, the properties of which have been proven useful for DO A (Direction of Arrival) estimation. This attractive concept is the propagator which can easily be extracted from the cross spectral matrix of the received signals for DOA estimation without Eigen-decomposition. But supplying propagator for DOA estimation has to know the number of sources received by array, which limits the application of propagator in Radar, Sonar and passive detection system. Based on multivariate analysis method, a joint estimation of the number of sources and DOA by propagator method (PM) is presented. It shows that the performance of proposed method with less complexity, effectiveness and high resolution.
Granulocyte Colony-Stimulating Factor Attenuates Neuronal Death and Promotes Functional Recovery After Spinal Cord Injury in Mice

Granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF) is a protein that stimulates differentiation, proliferation, and survival of granulocytic lineage cells. Recently, a neuroprotective effect of G-CSF was reported in a model of cerebral infarction. The aim of the present study was to elucidate the potential therapeutic effect of G-CSF for spinal cord injury (SCI) in mice. We found that G-CSF is neuroprotective against glutamate-induced cell death of cerebellar granule neurons in vitro. Moreover, we used a mouse model of compressive SCI to examine the neuroprotective potential of G-CSF in vivo. Histologic assessment with cresyl violet staining revealed that the number of surviving neurons in the injured spinal cord was significantly increased in G-CSF-treated mice. Immunohistochemistry for neuronal apoptosis revealed that G-CSF suppressed neuronal apoptosis after SCI. Moreover, administration of G-CSF promoted hindlimb functional recovery. Examination of signaling pathways downstream of the G-CSF receptor suggests that G-CSF might promote functional recovery by inhibiting neuronal apoptosis after SCI. G-CSF is currently used in the clinic for hematopoietic stimulation, and its ongoing clinical trial for brain infarction makes it an appealing molecule that could be rapidly placed into trials for patients with acute SCI.
Exact Factor Pricing in a European Framework

The empirical verification of the one-factor models or multi-factor models in asset pricing are an attempt to understand the risk factors that should be used by investors to value risky cash flows. In this paper we evaluate different model specifications for European stock market data. More specifically an exact factor pricing test is used to evaluate a one-factor model and multi-factor models on European country, sector and size portfolios. We find indications that European country portfolios are accurately described by a one-factor model while for the other portfolio groupings more factors seem to be required. The factor based on the momentum variable seems to be a better extension of the model than the factor based on book-to-market. All tests are done for the entire period available and three subperiods of different interest rate regimes. The multivariate tests indicate that the evaluation of the models is not the same for the different periods considered. The power of this evaluation is tested with a risk-based and a nonrisk-based alternative. The risk based alternative constructed by a different formulation of the market portfolio seems to give satisfactory power. For the nonrisk-based alternative the power is somewhat lower for European stock portfolios.
Analysis of a Hybrid Architecture for Cost-Effective Streaming Media Distribution

To distribute video and audio data in real-time streaming mode, both Content Distributed Network (CDN) based and peer-to-peer (P2P) based architectures have been proposed. However, each architecture has its limitations. CDN servers are expensive to deploy and maintain. The storage space and out-bound bandwidth allocated to each media file are limited and incur a cost. Current solutions to lowering such cost usually compromise the media quality delivered. On the other hand, a P2P architecture needs a sufficient number of 'seed' supplying peers to 'jumpstart' the system. Compared with a CDN server, a peer offers very low out-bound bandwidth. Furthermore, it is not clear how to fairly determine the contribution of each supplying peer. In this paper, we propose a novel hybrid architecture which integrates CDN and P2P based streaming media distribution. The architecture is highly cost-effective: it significantly lowers the cost of CDN server resources, without compromising the media quality delivered. Furthermore, we propose a limited contribution policy for the supplying peers in the system, so that the streaming capacity of supplying peers is exploited on a limited and fair basis. We present an in-depth quantitative analysis of the hybrid system. The analysis is very well supported by our extensive simulation results.
LIDAR-based body orientation estimation by integrating shape and motion information

Body orientation gives useful information on assessing a human's state and/or predicting his/her future actions. This paper presents a method of reliably estimating human body orientation using a LIDAR on a mobile robot by integrating shape and motion information. A shape database is constructed by collecting body section shape data from various viewpoints. The result of matching between an input shape with the database is combined with a UKF-based tracker which utilizes a relationship between the body orientation and the motion orientation. The experimental results shows the effectiveness of the proposed method.
Intelligibility of high-pitched vowel sounds in the singing and speaking of a female Cantonese opera singer

The question whether or not vowel quality can be maintained at F0 of the sounds exceeding statistical F1 of „normal“ speech is still a matter of debate. The present study investigates the perception of long Cantonese vowels /i, y, œ, a, ɔ, u/, spoken and sung in (C)V and (C)V:S context by a well-known female Cantonese Opera singer in the range of F0 of c. 560‐860Hz. 172 high-pitched syllables or isolated vowel sounds were selected and extracted from a live recording. Corresponding vowel perception was tested in a listening test performed by 26 students of linguistics. All six vowels proved to be identifiable > 80% up to F0 of c. 700Hz, and sounds of /i, a, ɔ, u/ proved to be identifiable > 80% up to a range of F0 of c. 820‐860Hz. Confusion matrices are provided in the present paper and spectral illustrations of all sounds are presented at http://is2014.phones-and-phonemes.org. Index Terms: vowel, perception, F0, speaking, singing, Cantonese Opera
Fatigue Level Estimation of Bill by Using Supervised SOM Based on Feature-Selected Acoustic Energy Pattern

Fatigued bills have harmful influence on daily operation of automated teller machine (ATM). To make the fatigued bills classification more efficient, development of an automatic fatigued bill classification method is desired. In this paper, we propose a new method to estimate fatigue levels of bills from feature-selected acoustic energy pattern of banking machines by using the supervised SOM. The proposed method also selects feature components of an acoustic energy pattern based on correlation between acoustic energy features and fatigue level of bill to let the supervised SOM work effectively. The experimental results with real bill samples show the effectiveness of the proposed method. Furthermore, we show an advantage of the proposed method by comparing it with another estimation method.
Automated digital image analysis of video ice crystal data

This paper presents a procedure for automating digital image analysis of cloud particle images recorded on video tape using the Cloudscope. 1 The Cloudscope is mounted on the wing of an aircraft and records cloud crystals as they impact the external lens and subli-mate. The procedure presented breaks the analysis into several parts: frequency domain (cid:12)ltering, frame to frame movement correction, and (cid:12)nally new particle detection, counting, and sizing. These procedures were automated using LabVIEW and Concept V.i.
How Wide are European Borders? New Evidence on the Integration Effects of Monetary Unions

We use consumer price data for 81 European cities (in Germany, Austria, Switzerland, Italy, Spain and Portugal) to study deviations from the law-of-one-price before and during the European Economic and Monetary Union (EMU) by analysing both aggregate and disaggregate CPI data for 7 categories of goods we find that the distance between cities explains a significant amount of the variation in the prices of similar goods in different locations. We also find that the variation of the relative price is much higher for two cities located in different countries than for two equidistant cities in the same country. Under EMU, the elimination of nominal exchange rate volatility has largely reduced these border effects, but distance and border still matter for intra-European relative price volatility.
A METHODOLOGICAL FRAMEWORK FOR THE ASSESSMENT OF CARBON STOCKS AND DEVELOPMENT OF CARBON SEQUESTRATION SCENARIOS : FAO experiences based on the integration of models to GIS

A methodological framework for the assessment of carbon stocks and the development of carbon sequestration scenarios through land use change was developed by integrating, through software customization, soil organic matter (SOM) turnover simulation models (i.e. CENTURY and RothC-26.3), to Geographical Information Systems and field measurement procedures, resulting in a decision support system (DSS). The framework and its DSS were tested through three case studies in Latin America (two sites in Mexico and one in Cuba). The framework accounts for related or cross-cutting ecological issues and benefits, by providing procedures for assessing simultaneously, changes in the status of plant diversity and land degradation, implicit in each land use and land use change scenario. The scenarios aim at providing “win-win” options to aid in decision-making concerning the use of sinks to mitigate CO2 and climate change, while simultaneously enhancing the conservation of biodiversity and the prevention of land degradation. Issues concerning the spatial and attribute minimum datasets to run the models, and concerning the coupling of models to GIS are discussed. Results from the application of the paradigm through the case studies in Latin America are provided and discussed. These, allow for concluding that the framework and its tools provide reasonably accurate estimates in at least two of the three case studies. The framework is to be further developed through successive approximations and refinement in future. The methods, procedures and tools in the framework may be applicable to other landscapes where the assessments of carbon stock and sequestration potential, and other environmental benefits through land use change, are needed.
Mechanisms and Functions for a Humanoid Robot to Express Human-like Emotions

A Personal robot, which is expected to become popular in the future, is required to be active in joint work and community life with humans. Therefore, the purpose of this study is the development of new mechanisms and functions for a humanoid robot that has the ability to express human-like emotion and communicate naturally with a human, in order to realize a personal robot. Recently, the Emotion Expression Humanoid Robot WE-4RII was developed by integrating the Humanoid Robot Hands RCH-1 into the previous Emotion Expression Humanoid Robot WE-4R. It was confirmed for WE- 4RII to be able to effectively express its emotions.
Piecewise classification of attack patterns for efficient network intrusion detection

This paper presents a new scheme to improve the efficiency of pattern matching algorithms. The proposed approach is based on a piecewise classification of patterns using the common substrings. The main idea is to split the whole set of patterns into small subsets in accordance to the common substrings and treat the subsets independently. To reduce the number of patterns to match, we use the common substrings as an index for the search. We show that our algorithm is capable to outcome in term of performance other reference algorithms, such as Aho-Corasick.
Scaling, spectra and zonal jets in beta-plane turbulence

A beta-plane approximation of the two-dimensional quasigeostrophic model describes a single layer (barotropic) fluid subjected to a latitudinally varying Coriolis parameter or topography. Rhines (1975) initiated the study of beta-plane turbulence. He predicted the inverse energy cascade into predominantly zonal modes, hence an array of eastward–westward jets, and estimated the jet number (celebrated Rhines scale). He also proposed a k−5 scaling law of zonal energy spectra. Our paper re-examines scaling, spectra, and zonal structure of beta-plane turbulence, based on theoretical predictions and numeric experiments. We show that the inverse cascade gives rise to strong organized zonal jets that evolve a peculiar frontal-band (“saw-tooth”) vorticity profile. Such structure affects all spectral properties of the system, by creating organized sequences of spectral peaks, and thus confounds any putative “scaling behavior. ” The frontal-band structure appears consistently in all stochastically forced beta-plane f.
Fuzzballs with internal excitations

We construct general 2-charge D1-D5 horizon-free non-singular solutions of IIB supergravity on T4 and K3 describing fuzzballs with excitations in the internal manifold; these excitations are characterized by arbitrary curves. The solutions are obtained via dualities from F1-P solutions of heterotic and type IIB on T4 for the K3 and T4 cases, respectively. We compute the holographic data encoded in these solutions, and show that the internal excitations are captured by vevs of chiral primaries associated with the middle cohomology of T4 or K3. We argue that each geometry is dual to a specific superposition of R ground states determined in terms of the Fourier coefficients of the curves defining the supergravity solution. We compute vevs of chiral primaries associated with the middle cohomology and show that they indeed acquire vevs in the superpositions corresponding to fuzzballs with internal excitations, in accordance with the holographic results. We also address the question of whether the fuzzball program can be implemented consistently within supergravity.
Immigrants and the American dream : remaking the middle class

Chapter 1. Immigration and the American Dream Chapter 2. Immigrants in the United States: Numbers, Flows, and Policies Chapter 3. Making It in America: The Foreign-Born Middle Class Chapter 4. Entering the Professions Chapter 5. Reaching for Homeownership Chapter 6. Voicing Allegiance Chapter 7. Joining a Divided Society? Chapter 8. Reinventing the Middle Class: Paths to the Future Appendix. Data and Data Sources
Managing Value-Based Organizations: It's Not What You Think

Preface Part I: Organizational Theory 1. Organizational Evolution 2. Traditional Organizations 3. The Horizontal Revolution 4. The Value-Based organization Part II: The Traditional Hybrid 5. The Myth of Rightsizing 6. The Myth of Competitive Advantage 7. The Myth of the Balanced Scorecard Part III: Surviving the Upheaval 8. Implications for Organizations 9. Implications for Managers 10. Implications for Employees 11. Implications for Human Resources Managers Bibliography Index.
The scaleheight of NGC 1058 measured from its Hi power spectrum

We have measured the HI power spectrum of the nearly face-on spiral galaxy NGC 1058 from radio-interferometric observations using a visibility based estimator. The power spectrum is well fitted by two different power laws P(U) = AU � , one with α = − 2.5 ± 0.6 at small length-scales (600pcto1.5kpc) and another with α = − 1.0 ± 0.2 at large length-scales (1.5kpcto10.0kpc). We interpret this change in the slope of the power spectrum as a transition from 3D turbulence at small length-scales to 2D turbulence in the plane of the galaxy’s disk at large length-scales. We use the observed break in the power spectrum to estimate the galaxy’s scale-height, which we find to be 490 ± 90 pc.
Habitat structure and body size distributions: cross‐ecosystem comparison for taxa with determinate and indeterminate growth

Habitat structure across multiple spatial and temporal scales has been proposed as a key driver of body size distributions for associated communities. Thus, understanding the relationship between habitat and body size is fundamental to developing predictions regarding the influence of habitat change on animal communities. Much of the work assessing the relationship between habitat structure and body size distributions has focused on terrestrial taxa with determinate growth, and has primarily analysed discontinuities (gaps) in the distribution of species mean sizes (species size relationships or SSRs). The suitability of this approach for taxa with indeterminate growth has yet to be determined. We provide a cross-ecosystem comparison of bird (determinate growth) and fish (indeterminate growth) body mass distributions using four independent data sets. We evaluate three size distribution indices: SSRs, species size-density relationships (SSDRs) and individual size-density relationships (ISDRs), and two types of analysis: looking for either discontinuities or abundance patterns and multi-modality in the distributions. To assess the respective suitability of these three indices and two analytical approaches for understanding habitat-size relationships in different ecosystems, we compare their ability to differentiate bird or fish communities found within contrasting habitat conditions. All three indices of body size distribution are useful for examining the relationship between cross-scale patterns of habitat structure and size for species with determinate growth, such as birds. In contrast, for species with indeterminate growth such as fish, the relationship between habitat structure and body size may be masked when using mean summary metrics, and thus individual-level data (ISDRs) are more useful. Furthermore, ISDRs, which have traditionally been used to study aquatic systems, present a potentially useful common currency for comparing body size distributions across terrestrial and aquatic ecosystems.
Survey of unsupervised machine learning algorithms on precision agricultural data

Machine learning is a branch of computer science, which oversees the study and construction of algorithms that learn from data. Out of the various machine-learning concepts, this paper talks about 6 clustering algorithms: k-means, DBSCAN, OPTICS, Agglomerative, Divisive and COBWEB. The paper incorporates the performance analysis of these clustering algorithms when applied to FAO Soya bean dataset. The algorithms are compared on the basis of various parameters, such as time taken for completion, number of iterations, and number of clusters formed and the complexity of the algorithms. Finally, based on the analysis, the paper determines the best befitting algorithm for the FAO Soya bean dataset.
Cognitive Economics: An Interdisciplinary Approach

1 What is Cognitive Economics? - 2 Rational Choice under Uncertainty. - 3 General Equilibrium. - 4 The Principles of Game Theory. - 5 Rationality and the Experimental Study of Reasoning. - 6 Supraclassical Inference without Probability. - 7 From Natural to Artificial Intelligence: Numerical Processing for Cognitive Tasks. - 8 An Introduction to Statistical Mechanics. - 9 Spontaneous Symmetry Breaking and the Transition to Disorder in Physics. - 10 Co-Evolutionist Stochastic Dynamics: Emergence of Power Laws. - 11 Topics of Cognitive Economics. - 12 What is a Collective Belief? - 13 Conditional Statements and Directives. - 14 Choice Axioms for a Positive Value of Information. - 15 Elements of Viability Theory for the Analysis of Dynamic Economics. - 16 Stochastic Evolutionary Game Theory. - 17 The Evolutionary Analysis of Signal Games. - 18 The Structure of Economic Interaction: Individual and Collective Rationality. - 19 Experimental Markets: Empirical Data for Theorists. - 20 Social Interactions in Economic Theory: An Insight from Statistical Mechanics. - 21 Adjustment and Social Choice. - 22 From Agent-based Computational Economics Towards Cognitive Economics. - 23 Social Networks and Economic Dynamics. - 24 Coalitions and Networks in Economic Analysis. - 25 Threshold Phenomena versus Killer Clusters in Bimodal Competion for Standards. - 26 Cognitive Efficiency of Social Networks Providing Consumption Advice on Experience Goods. - The Future of Cognitive Economics.