Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Investigating the Role of Hippocampal BDNF in Anxiety Vulnerability Using Classical Eyeblink Conditioning

Dysregulation of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), behavioral inhibition temperament (BI), and small hippocampal volume have been linked to anxiety disorders. Individuals with BI show facilitated acquisition of the classically conditioned eyeblink response (CCER) as compared to non-BI individuals, and a similar pattern is seen in an animal model of BI, the Wistar-Kyoto (WKY) rat. The present study examined the role of hippocampal BDNF in the facilitated delay CCER of WKY rats. Consistent with earlier work, acquisition was facilitated in WKY rats compared to the Sprague Dawley (SD) rats. Facilitated acquisition was associated with increased BDNF, TrkB, and Arc mRNA in the dentate gyrus of SD rats, but learning-induced increases in BDNF and Arc mRNA were significantly smaller in WKY rats. To determine whether reduced hippocampal BDNF in WKY rats was a contributing factor for their facilitated CCER, BDNF or saline infusions were given bilaterally into the dentate gyrus region 1 h prior to training. BDNF infusion did not alter the acquisition of SD rats, but significantly dampened the acquisition of CCER in the WKY rats, such that acquisition was similar to SD rats. Together, these results suggest that inherent differences in the BDNF system play a critical role in the facilitated associative learning exhibited by WKY rats, and potentially individuals with BI. Facilitated associative learning may represent a vulnerability factor in the development of anxiety disorders.
Issues of Closeness and Distance in Dating Relationships: Effects of Sex and Attachment Style

This study was designed to clarify the nature of partners' needs for closeness and distance in established dating relationships, by integrating theories of attachment, gender role socialization, and dialectical contradictions. Seventy-two couples who had been dating their partners for at least one year provided unstructured accounts of their relationships, and completed measures of attachment style and relationship satisfaction. Both qualitative and quantitative analyses were conducted. Results showed that issues of closeness and distance were highly salient, especially for insecurely attached individuals. The presence and nature of reported differences in partners' needs for closeness-distance were predicted by sex and by the attachment styles of both partners; these dif-ferences were also linked to relationship satisfaction. Participants frequently reported that interactions concerning closeness-distance had changed during the course of the relationship, supporting dialectical theorists' emphasis on the tension between needs for autonomy and connection. Recurrent conflicts over closeness-distance were linked with attachment insecurity, especially males' dismissing-avoid-ance. The results highlight the need to consider both sex and attachment style differences in explaining conflicts over closeness and distance.
Aggregation sampling of graph signals in the presence of noise

A scheme to sample bandlimited graph signals in the presence of noise is analyzed. Samples are aggregated at a single node by successive applications of the so-called graph-shift operator that encodes the local structure of the underlying graph. In contrast to the noiseless case, when noise is present the choice of the sampling node and the local sample-selection scheme plays a major role in determining the interpolation error. We provide optimal sampling schemes for particular noise models. We also analyze and provide identifiability conditions for the case where the frequency support of the bandlimited signal is unknown. Finally, simulations with synthetic and real-world graph signals are used to illustrate the behavior of aggregation sampling in noisy scenarios.
Online joint learning of object concepts and language model using multimodal hierarchical Dirichlet process

One of the biggest challenges in intelligent robotics is to build robots that can learn to use language. To this end, we think that the practical long-term on-line concept/word learning algorithm for robots is a key issue to be addressed. In this paper, we develop an unsupervised on-line learning algorithm that uses Bayesian nonparametrics for categorizing multimodal sensory signals such as audio, visual, and haptic information for robots. The robot uses its physical body to grasp and observe an object from various viewpoints as well as listen to the sound during the observation. The most important property of the proposed framework is to learn multimodal concepts and the language model simultaneously. This mutual learning framework of concepts and language significantly improves both speech recognition and multimodal categorization performances. We conducted a long-term experiment where a human subject interacted with a real robot over 100 hours using 499 objects. Some interesting results of the experiment are discussed in this paper.
Aproveitar a vida, juventude e gravidez

This manuscript demonstrates how important is the concept of enjoying life for the subjects studied. It was part of a qualitative study carried out in Pelotas during 2001-2002, including 23 adolescent mothers aged 18-19 years, and 10 of their mothers. The aim of the study was to understand the context of adolescent pregnancy among youngsters belonging to poor or medium socioeconomic level families, who are part of a birth cohort study/1982. During the field work, the concept of enjoying life was highlighted in the narratives. This concept helped qualifying, classifying, and justifying youth's behavior. The analyses show that the youngsters should live in an enjoyable way of living, acting positively or negatively according to the context and to the social values. Pregnancy is seen as a consequence of this behavior, after transposing socio-cultural limits in adolescence. Therefore, enjoying life highlights how do they feel, and explains why some behaviors are more criticized in this period of life course.
CNI-1493 prolongs survival and reduces myocyte loss, apoptosis, and inflammation during rat cardiac allograft rejection.

Cytokines and cytotoxic agents, including nitric oxide (NO) released by macrophages, play important roles during cardiac allograft rejection. In contrast to agents that suppress T-lymphocyte function, CNI-1493 is a multivalent guanylhydrazone compound that inhibits the synthesis and release of proinflammatory cytokines and NO from macrophages. This study investigated the effects of CNI-1493 on rejecting rat cardiac allografts by using Lewis to Wistar-Furth heterotopic cardiac transplants. CNI-1493 (2 mg/kg i.p., b.i.d.) or vehicle (water) was administered beginning the day before surgery. Rat cardiac allograft survival to cessation of heart beat, apoptosis of cardiac myocytes, degree of myocardial inflammation, and inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) messenger RNA (mRNA), protein, and enzyme activity were studied at days 1, 3, 5, and 7 after transplantation. Allograft survival was increased significantly by 26% from 7.5 +/- 0.8 days in vehicle-treated rats (n = 6) to 9.5 +/- 1.2 days in CNI-1493-treated rats (n = 8, p < 0.05). Apoptotic cells per mm2 myocardium decreased from 2.25 +/- 1.25 to 0.84 +/- 0.49 at day 3 and 31.2 +/- 2.9 to 17.6 +/- 5.43 at day 5 after transplantation with CNI-1493 treatment (p < 0.05). The number of apoptotic myocytes and loss of cardiac muscle cells also decreased significantly at day 5 in the treated animals (p < 0.05). The reduction of myocyte loss at day 5 coincided with a significant decrease of the inflammatory response and reduced macrophage influx (p < 0.05). Myocardial iNOS mRNA, protein, and enzyme levels increased during the course of allograft rejection, and CNI-1493 did not significantly reduce iNOS expression in the rejecting rat allograft. CNI-1493 prolongs allograft survival and reduces myocyte loss, apoptosis, and inflammation during rat cardiac allograft rejection. These effects of CNI-1493 appear to be unrelated to altered NO synthesis but may be related to effects of the drug to inhibit macrophage synthesis of cytokines.
Problematizing the construct of ‘the Chinese learner’: insights from ethnographic research

Large numbers of students from the Chinese‐speaking world are nowadays enrolled in Western universities, prompting the need for awareness of their educational beliefs and practices. Although an established literature seeks to characterize ‘the Chinese learner’, much of this research results in stereotypical representations of a ‘reduced Other’: passive, uncritical and over‐reliant on the instructor. This paper, which is based on ethnographic research conducted in universities in the People’s Republic of China, aims to illuminate some of the common misperceptions of Chinese educational cultures.
Review of nut phytochemicals, fat-soluble bioactives, antioxidant components and health effects

The levels of phytochemicals (total phenols, proanthocyanidins, gallic acid+gallotannins, ellagic acid+ellagitannins, flavonoids, phenolic acids, stilbenes and phytates), fat-soluble bioactives (lipid, tocols, phytosterols, sphingolipids, carotenoids, chlorophylls and alkyl phenols) as well as natural antioxidants (nutrient and non-nutrient) present in commonly consumed twelve nuts (almond, Brazil nut, cashew, chestnut, hazelnut, heartnut, macadamia, peanut, pecan, pine nut, pistachio and walnut) are compared and reported. Recent studies adding new evidence for the health benefits of nuts are also discussed. Research findings from over 112 references, many of which have been published within last 10 years, have been compiled and reported.
Organization theory and the post-socialist transformation: Contributions to organizational knowledge

In unison with the authors of this special issue, we argue that organizational research in European post-socialist contexts over the last 17 years has made a significant and enduring contribution to organization theory. This proposition provides the rationale for the special issue, which focuses on the formative relationship between the body of organizational knowledge forged largely within stable western market-economies and the findings of organizational research conducted within institutionally unstable and ambiguous post-socialist environments. We develop our argument through three phases. First, we seek to clarify the reasons why the context and process of post-socialism have posed special challenges to the conventional wisdom of `western' organization theory. Second, we review post-socialist organizational research and consider how it has augmented our understanding of organizational structures and processes. Third, we place the five articles that comprise this special issue within this wider context, and outline their main contributions. The findings and lessons from post-socialist research have led organizational scholars to re-evaluate many established theoretical propositions, and, by questioning the underlying rationality of organization theory, to explore the possibility of developing a more globally relevant discipline.
Bringing the Politics Back In: A Critical Analysis of Quality Discourses in Education

This paper considers the consequences of, and tensions within, New Labour's quality agenda for schools. In particular, it draws attention to the way in which official versions of quality, characterised by a narrow, economistic instrumentality, are being promoted in schools by various forms of quality control that are marginalising broader, more humanistic conceptions of quality. It is also argued that, despite New Labour's rhetorical emphasis on education for citizenship, the mechanisms of quality control favoured by the government tend to produce patterns of association which are authoritarian and, therefore, unconducive to giving teachers, students and parents opportunities to participate actively in key decisions in and around schooling. The analysis presented in this paper is underpinned by a concern to bring a consideration of educational politics back into education policy debates.
Alcohol and the marriage effect.

OBJECTIVE Research indicates a marriage effect with respect to drinking and drinking problems. This effect is characterized by less consumption and fewer problems among married men and women as compared with either single or divorced individuals. METHOD This article reviews evidence regarding processes that might account for the marriage effect. RESULTS The literature suggests that the marriage effect reflects three processes: (1) reduced alcohol consumption triggered by the transition to marriage, (2) the deleterious effect of heavy drinking on marital quality and marital stability and (3) increased consumption in response to the transition to divorce. CONCLUSIONS Given the nature of these transitions, it is argued that transitions to marriage and divorce should be viewed as unique opportunities for adult prevention activities, but that more pre-prevention research focused on changes over these transitions is needed to help target prevention efforts.
Image reconstruction from localized phase

The authors present a novel approach to image representation using partial information defined by the localized phase. The scheme is implemented using the short-time (short-distance) Fourier transform. This is a generalization of the Gabor scheme which is well-established with regard to biological representation of visual information at the level of the visual cortex. Similar to processing in vision, the DC component is first extracted from the signal and treated separately. Computational results and theoretical analysis indicate that image reconstruction from the localized phase representation requires fewer computer operations and yields an improved rate of convergence compared to reconstruction from the global phase representation. It is also implementable with fast algorithms using highly parallel architecture. >
Body mass index (BMI) trajectories in infancy differ by population ancestry and may presage disparities in early childhood obesity.

CONTEXT No consensus definition exists for excess adiposity during infancy. After age 2 years, high body mass index (BMI) is related to adverse cardiometabolic outcomes. Before age 2 years, the utility of BMI as a metric of excess adiposity is unknown. OBJECTIVES The objective of the study was to characterize infant BMI trajectories in a diverse, longitudinal cohort and investigate the relationship between the infancy BMI trajectory and childhood obesity. SUBJECTS Healthy, nonpreterm infants (n = 2114) in the Genetic Causes for Complex Pediatric Disorders study (The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia) with six or more BMI measurements in the first 13.5 months participated in the study. DESIGN For each infant, the BMI trajectory was modeled using polynomial regression. Independent effects of clinical factors on magnitude and timing of peak BMI were assessed. The relationship between infancy BMI and early childhood BMI (age 4 y) was examined (n = 1075). RESULTS The cohort was 53% male and 61% African-American. Peak BMI was 18.6 ± 1.7 kg/m(2) and occurred at 8.6 ± 1.4 months. In multivariate analysis, boys had a higher (0.50 kg/m(2), P < . 001) peak BMI than girls. The peak was higher (0.53 kg/m(2), P ≤ . 001) and occurred earlier (by 12 d, P < .001) in African-American vs white children. The odds of obesity at age 4 years increased among children with higher (odds ratio 2.02; P < .001) and later (odds ratio 1.26; P = .02) infancy peak BMI. CONCLUSIONS We demonstrate sex- and ancestry-specific differences in infancy BMI and an association of infancy peak BMI with childhood BMI. These findings support the potential utility of infancy BMI to identify children younger than age 2 years with increased risk for later obesity.
D1 Ring Is Stable and Nucleotide-independent, whereas D2 Ring Undergoes Major Conformational Changes during the ATPase Cycle of p97-VCP*

The 97-kDa valosin-containing protein (p97-VCP) belongs to the AAA (ATPases associated with various cellular activities) family and acts as a molecular chaperone in diverse cellular events, including ubiquitinproteasome-mediated degradation. We previously showed that VCP contains a substrate-binding domain, N, and two conserved ATPase domains, D1 and D2, of which D2 is responsible for the major enzyme activity. VCP has a barrel-like structure containing two stacked homo-hexameric rings made of the D1 and D2 domains, and this structure is essential for its biological functions. During ATPase cycles, VCP undergoes conformational changes that presumably apply tensions to the bound substrate, leading to the disassembly of protein complexes or unfolding of the substrate. How ATPase activity is coupled with the conformational changes in VCP complex and the D1 and D2 rings is not clear. In this report, we took biochemical approaches to study the structure of VCP in different nucleotide conditions to depict the conformational changes in the ATPase cycles. In contrast to many AAA chaperones that require ATP/ADP to form oligomers, both wild type VCP and ATP-binding site mutants can form hexamers without the addition of nucleotide. This nucleotide-independent hexamerization requires an intact D1 and the down-stream linker sequence of VCP. Tryptophan fluorescence and trypsin digestion analyses showed that ATP/ADP binding induces dramatic conformational changes in VCP. These changes do not require the presence of an intact ATP-binding site in D1 and is thus mainly attributed to the D2 domain. We propose a model whereby D1, although undergoing minor conformational changes, remains as a relatively trypsin-resistant hexameric ring throughout the ATPase cycle, whereas D2 only does so when it binds to ATP or ADP. After ADP is released at the end of the ATP hydrolysis, D2 ring is destabilized and adopts a relatively flexible and open structure.
Minimality and completions of PA

The results in this paper say that natural upper bounds for sets of degrees associated with theories and models of arithmetic cannot be minimal. The basic new result says that for any completion T of PA, there is another completion S such that S<TT and Rep(S) = Rep(T). This immediately implies that deg(T) is not minimal over {deg(X): X ∈ Rep(T)}. As an application of the basic result, we obtain the fact that if is a non-standard model of TA (true arithmetic), then deg () cannot be minimal over {deg(X): X is arithmetical}. More generally, if is a non-standard model of an arbitrary completion T of PA, then deg() cannot be minimal over {deg(): X ∈ Rep(T)}. We vary the basic result, making S′ ≡TT′. As an application of the variant, we obtain the fact that if is a non-standard model of PA, then {deg(): ≅ } has no minimal element. The remainder of the present section gives a brief account of the background needed for the basic new result and the variant. These two results are proved in Section 2. The applications are given in Section 3, along with further background needed for the applications. One important source of ideas used in the present paper is a paper of Scott [9]. In addition, there are ideas taken from Tennenbaum [12], Feferman [3], Marker [6], [7], and Solovay. Chapter 19 of [1] gathers together most of this material. In fact, it contains all that is really essential. In one application, we appeal to Solovay's result on degrees of models of an arbitrary completion of PA, a result which is not completely proved in [1]. However, for the best application, which implies all the others, we use only some ideas from the proof of Solovay's theorem. These are given in lemmas that are proved in Section 3, where they are needed, or taken from [1], While the proof of Solovay's result requires an infinitely nested priority construction, our best application rests on nothing more than finite-injury constructions.
Cerebral Pathology and Cognition in Diabetes: The Merits of Multiparametric Neuroimaging

Type 2 diabetes mellitus is associated with accelerated cognitive decline and various cerebral abnormalities visible on MRI. The exact pathophysiological mechanisms underlying cognitive decline in diabetes still remain to be elucidated. In addition to conventional images, MRI offers a versatile set of novel contrasts, including blood perfusion, neuronal function, white matter microstructure, and metabolic function. These more-advanced multiparametric MRI contrasts and the pertaining parameters are able to reveal abnormalities in type 2 diabetes, which may be related to cognitive decline. To further elucidate the nature of the link between diabetes, cognitive decline, and brain abnormalities, and changes over time thereof, biomarkers are needed which can be provided by advanced MRI techniques. This review summarizes to what extent MRI, especially advanced multiparametric techniques, can elucidate the underlying neuronal substrate that reflects the cognitive decline in type 2 diabetes.
Interest and Evaluation of Aggregated Search

Major search engines perform what is known as Aggregated Search (AS). They integrate results coming from different vertical search engines (images, videos, news, etc.) with typical Web search results. Aggregated search is relatively new and its advantages need to be evaluated. Some existing works have already tried to evaluate the interest (usefulness) of aggregated search as well as the effectiveness of the existing approaches. However, most of evaluation methodologies were based (i) on what we call relevance by intent (i.e. search results were not shown to real users), and (ii) short text queries. In this paper, we conducted a user study which was designed to revisit and compare the interest of aggregated search, by exploiting both relevance by intent and content, and using both short text and fixed need queries. This user study allowed us to analyze the distribution of relevant results across different verticals, and to show that AS helps to identify complementary relevant sources for the same information need. Comparison between relevance by intent and relevance by content showed that relevance by intent introduces a bias in evaluation. Discussion about the results also allowed us to identify some useful thoughts concerning the evaluation of AS approaches.