Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Co-ordinate Interleaved Distributed Space-Time Coding for two-antenna-relays networks

Distributed space time coding for wireless relay networks when the source, the destination and the relays have multiple antennas have been studied by Jing and Hassibi. In this set-up, the transmit and the receive signals at different antennas of the same relay are processed and designed independently, even though the antennas are colocated. In this paper, a wireless relay network with single antenna at the source and the destination and two antennas at each of the R relays is considered. A new class of distributed space time block codes called Co-ordinate Interleaved Distributed Space-Time Codes (CIDSTC) are introduced where, in the first phase, the source transmits a T-length complex vector to all the relays and in the second phase, at each relay, the in-phase and quadrature component vectors of the received complex vectors at the two antennas are interleaved and processed before forwarding them to the destination. Compared to the scheme proposed by Jing-Hassibi, for T ges 4R, while providing the same asymptotic diversity order of 2R, CIDSTC scheme is shown to provide asymptotic coding gain with the cost of negligible increase in the processing complexity at the relays. However, for moderate and large values of P, CIDSTC scheme is shown to provide more diversity than that of the scheme proposed by Jing-Hassibi. CIDSTCs are shown to be fully diverse provided the information symbols take value from an appropriate multi-dimensional signal set.
Information-theoretic evaluation of predicted ontological annotations

Motivation: The development of effective methods for the prediction of ontological annotations is an important goal in computational biology, with protein function prediction and disease gene prioritization gaining wide recognition. Although various algorithms have been proposed for these tasks, evaluating their performance is difficult owing to problems caused both by the structure of biomedical ontologies and biased or incomplete experimental annotations of genes and gene products. Results: We propose an information-theoretic framework to evaluate the performance of computational protein function prediction. We use a Bayesian network, structured according to the underlying ontology, to model the prior probability of a protein’s function. We then define two concepts, misinformation and remaining uncertainty, that can be seen as information-theoretic analogs of precision and recall. Finally, we propose a single statistic, referred to as semantic distance, that can be used to rank classification models. We evaluate our approach by analyzing the performance of three protein function predictors of Gene Ontology terms and provide evidence that it addresses several weaknesses of currently used metrics. We believe this framework provides useful insights into the performance of protein function prediction tools. Contact: predrag@indiana.edu Supplementary information: Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.
Global Analysis of Protein Activities Using Proteome Chips

To facilitate studies of the yeast proteome, we cloned 5800 open reading frames and overexpressed and purified their corresponding proteins. The proteins were printed onto slides at high spatial density to form a yeast proteome microarray and screened for their ability to interact with proteins and phospholipids. We identified many new calmodulin- and phospholipid-interacting proteins; a common potential binding motif was identified for many of the calmodulin-binding proteins. Thus, microarrays of an entire eukaryotic proteome can be prepared and screened for diverse biochemical activities. The microarrays can also be used to screen protein-drug interactions and to detect posttranslational modifications.
Mode Competition Induced by Optical Feedback in Two-Color Quantum Dot Lasers

We investigate theoretically the impact of optical feedback on quantum dot two-color laser dynamics when emitting from both the excited and the ground states. Detailed analysis of the laser dynamics is provided by numerical integrations and continuation techniques, as well as by analytical methods. As the feedback strength is increased the quantum dot laser undergoes a sequence of bifurcations involving steady-states, external cavity modes, self-pulsations and chaos. Furthermore, we report on two interesting mode competition results. First, the optical feedback favors the ground state emission; hence an increase of the feedback strength will generally lead to an increase of the ground state emission output power. Second, the optical feedback can select one lasing state or induce bistable switchings between different steady-states depending on the feedback strength and the injection current.
Algorithmic and Hardness Results for the Hub Labeling Problem

There has been significant success in designing highly efficient algorithms for distance and shortest-path queries in recent years; many of the state-of-the-art algorithms use the hub labeling framework. In this paper, we study the approximability of the Hub Labeling problem. We prove a hardness of Ω(log n) for Hub Labeling, matching known approximation guarantees. The hardness result applies to graphs that have multiple shortest paths between some pairs of vertices. No hardness of approximation results were known previously. Then, we focus on graphs that have a unique shortest path between each pair of vertices. This is a very natural family of graphs, and much research on the Hub Labeling problem has studied such graphs. We give an O(log D) approximation algorithm for graphs of shortest-path diameter D with unique shortest paths. In particular, we get an O(log log n) approximation for graphs of polylogarithmic diameter, while previously known algorithms gave an O(log n) approximation. Finally, we present a polynomial-time approximation scheme (PTAS) and quasi-polynomial-time algorithms for Hub Labeling on trees; additionally, we analyze a simple combinatorial heuristic for Hub Labeling on trees, proposed by Peleg in 2000. We show that this heuristic gives an approximation factor of 2.
Measuring Visual Function in Age-Related Macular Degeneration with Frequency-Doubling (Matrix) Perimetry

Purpose. To determine the agreement between the Humphrey Matrix perimeter 10-2 test and the 10-2 Humphrey Field Analyzer (HFA) test when assessing visual function in patients with age-related macular degeneration (AMD). Methods. Forty-two eyes of 42 subjects with AMD (average 75.0 years, SD = 6.2: median visual acuity in logarithm of the minimum angle of resolution of 0.26, range, −0.12 to 1.04) were evaluated with the Matrix and HFA 10-2 visual field tests. Mean deviation (MD), pattern standard deviation, and test time were recorded. We calculated spatial concordance of individual test locations, being the proportion of spatially agreeing locations with identical classification (normal vs. abnormal, p < 5%) on the pattern deviation plot. As multiple HFA stimuli overlapped with some Matrix locations, several criteria for grouping HFA data into locations were investigated. Results. Both MD and pattern standard deviation were significantly correlated for the two devices (r2 = 0.79 and r2 = 0.80, respectively, p < 0.0001). Using our standard criterion for abnormal HFA locations (≥50% stimuli abnormal), the median spatial concordance was 0.76, with 95% of tests giving a concordance of ≥0.59. A small, but significant, increase in concordance occurred when a stricter criterion (all stimuli abnormal at a location) was applied. Median fixation loss percentages were 7 and 0% for the HFA and Matrix, respectively. Visual acuity in logarithm of the minimum angle of resolution showed modest correlations with both defect depth (HFA MD: r2 = 0.39, p < 0.0001) and size of defect (number of abnormal points on the HFA: r2 = 0.24, p < 0.0001). Conclusions. Using a simple metric to calculate spatial concordance, the Matrix 10-2 test quantifies the spatial extent of significant depression of the central visual fields in AMD in a manner similar to the HFA 10-2. The spatial extent and depth of central visual field loss in AMD are only modestly predicted by visual acuity measurements.
Simulating the therapeutic effects of deep brain stimulation in rodents using a cortico-basal ganglia network and volume conductor model

Models of the cortico-basal ganglia network and volume conductor models of the brain can help to gain insight into the mechanisms of action of deep brain stimulation (DBS). In this study, the coupling of a network model under Parkinsonian conditions to the extracellular field distribution obtained from a 3D finite element model of a rodent's brain during DBS is presented. This coupled model is used to investigate the influence of variations in the electrical properties and thickness of the encapsulation tissue, which is formed around the electrode body after implantation, on the suppression of oscillatory neural activity during DBS. First results suggest that variation in the properties of the encapsulation tissue, within the range examined, have a limited influence on the suppression of pathological oscillatory activity during DBS in rodents.
Effect of Processing Parameters on Consolidation Quality of GF/PP Commingled Yarn Based Composites

Investigations have been carried out to study the effect of processing parameters, namely holding time, temperature, and pressure, on the consolidation quality and mechanical properties of GF/PP commingled yam based composites. The consolidation quality has been defined in terms of the void content in the laminate, and the mechanical property of the composite studied was short-span flexural strength. The results show that the greatest effect on the strength is due to processing temperature, followed by holding time. The increased strength due to increased holding time has been explained in terms of a decrease in void content and increased interfacial fiber-matrix adhesion.A statistical model was developed for optimizing processing parameters, and the results show excellent prediction of the required process parameters. It can be concluded that the statistical design methodology provides a useful means of studying and optimizing the processing parameters in the production of composites.
Discovery of Inhibitors of Schistosoma mansoni HDAC8 by Combining Homology Modeling, Virtual Screening, and in Vitro Validation

Schistosomiasis, caused by S. mansoni, is a tropical disease that affects over 200 million people worldwide. A novel approach for targeting eukaryotic parasites is to tackle their dynamic epigenetic machinery that is necessary for the extensive phenotypic changes during their life cycle. We recently identified S. mansoni histone deacetylase 8 (smHDAC8) as a potential target for antiparasitic therapy. Here we present results from a virtual screening campaign on smHDAC8. Besides hydroxamates, several sulfonamide-thiazole derivatives were identified by a target-based virtual screening using a homology model of smHDAC8. In vitro testing of 75 compounds identified 8 hydroxamates as potent and lead-like inhibitors of the parasitic HDAC8. Solving of the crystal structure of smHDAC8 with two of the virtual screening hits confirmed the predicted binding mode.
A Normal form for P-Systems

The P-systems have been recently introduced in [4] as a new model for distributed parallel computing. We describe in this paper a normal form for the class of non-cooperative P-systems and prove a normalization theorem. By this result, we also prove that the hierarchy of non-cooperative P-systems with respect to depth collapses on the second level.
Extracting the Expected Path of Monetary Policy from Futures Rates

Federal funds and eurodollar futures contracts are among the most useful instruments for deriving expectations of the future path of monetary policy. However, reading policy expectations from those instruments is complicated by the presence of risk premia. This paper demonstrates how to extract the expected policy path under the assumption that risk premia are constant over time, and under a simple model that allows risk premia to vary. In the latter case, the risk premia are identified under the assumption that policy expectations level out after a long enough horizon. The results provide evidence that the risk premia on these futures contracts vary over time. The impact of this variation is fairly limited for futures contracts with short horizons, but it increases as the horizon of the contracts lengthens. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Jrl Fut Mark 24:733–754, 2004
Study on components and evaluation of customer value

This paper studies the forming process of customer value based on grounded theory. Through mining the factors and analyzing the relationship between them during the customer value formation, the model of customer value is constructed in a business to customer market. At the same time, the paper build the measuring model and propose four types of customer measurement: the measurement of each factor of customer value, their importance and evaluation scores, the measurement of the relationship among each factor of customer value components, the measurement of the effect from external factors to customer value and the measurement of customer value changing with time. Finally, we make an empirical study utilizing multi-layer fuzzy comprehensive evaluation on the first kind of measurement.
Representing users in accessibility research

The need to study representative users is widely accepted within the human-computer interaction (HCI) community. While exceptions exist, and alternative populations are sometimes studied, virtually any introduction to the process of designing user interfaces will discuss the importance of understanding the intended users as well as the significant impact individual differences can have on how effectively individuals can use various technologies. HCI researchers are expected to provide relevant demographics regarding study participants as well as information about experience using similar technologies. Yet in the field of accessibility, we continue to see studies that do not appropriately include representative users. Highlighting ways to remedy this multifaceted problem, we argue that expectations regarding how accessibility research is conducted and reported must be raised if this field is to have the desired impact with regard to inclusive design, the information technologies studied, and the lives of the individuals studied.
Prenatal cocaine produces deficits in serotonin mediated neuroendocrine responses in adult rat progeny: Evidence for long‐term functional alterations in brain serotonin pathways

Cocaine produces biochemical alterations in brain serotonin (5‐HT) neurons. Since 5‐HT is critical to the development of fetal 5‐HT neurons and target tissues, we hypothesized that in utero exposure to cocaine could result in long‐term alterations in postnatal 5‐HT systems. Pregnant Sprague‐Dawley rats were administered either saline or (−)cocaine (15 mg/kg, s.c., b.i.d.) from gestational day 13 to 20. Prenatal cocaine exposure did not alter litter size, gender number, or progeny birth weights. Functional alterations in serotonergic systems were determined in postnatal day (PD) 70 male progeny by measuring changes in 5‐HT mediated plasma hormones following a single 8 mg/kg injection of the 5‐HT releaser p‐chloroamphetamine (PCA). Cocaine exposed male progeny exhibited significant reductions in adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH, −43%) and renin (−62%) responses to PCA. However, no alterations were observed in the corticosterone or prolactin response to PCA. In utero exposure to cocaine did not alter basal levels of ACTH, renin, corticosterone, or prolactin. There were no significant differences in the density of either hypothalamic or cortical 5‐HT uptake sites. Likewise, there were no significant differences in the densities of any of the 5‐HT1 receptor subtypes or in the density of 5‐HT2 receptors in cortex. These data, which provide the first demonstration of deficits in 5‐HT mediated neuroendocrine function in adult progeny following in utero exposure to cocaine, indicate long‐term functional alterations of brain 5‐HT systems. © 1993 Wiley‐Liss, INe.
Practical token retrieval and indexing from binary data: An application in computer aided design

In many commercial applications proprietary file formats make it difficult to access the generated data. In the worst case interoperability is impeded even further by shortcomings in interface technology. The objective of this work is to find out whether it is possible to retrieve textual data from certain binary files in a quality which is sufficient to build a useful index. We propose a method to parse and filter binary data in multiple stages. Besides stop-words, we use whitelists and phonetic as well as phonotactic criteria to create token data while minimizing noise. The results are promising: with a few simple steps we are able to filter most of the invalid tokens while preserving abbreviations and terms like company names even though they are not in a dictionary.
Sensorless Low-Current Start-Up Strategy of 100-kW BLDC Motor With Small Inductance

This paper focuses on the start-up strategy of a high-speed 100-kW brushless dc motor with small inductance using a voltage comparator. This paper includes three key technique contributions: 1) determining zero-speed positioning, 2) removing high-frequency disturbances, and 3) optimizing the controller parameters. The sensorless low-current start-up strategy is based on an amplification circuit: a low-pass filter circuit and a signal modulate circuit. The amplification circuit is used to amplify the amplitude of back electromotive force for detecting the rotor position at low speed, the low-pass filter circuit is used to remove high-frequency disturbances, and the signal modulate circuit is used to obtain the rotor position signal. A hysteresis control strategy is proposed against the load disturbance in the start-up stage. Experimental results show that the proposed sensorless start-up strategy can realize a low-current start-up.
From Catastrophizing to Recovery: a pilot study of a single-session treatment for pain catastrophizing

Background Pain catastrophizing (PC) – a pattern of negative cognitive-emotional responses to real or anticipated pain – maintains chronic pain and undermines medical treatments. Standard PC treatment involves multiple sessions of cognitive behavioral therapy. To provide efficient treatment, we developed a single-session, 2-hour class that solely treats PC entitled “From Catastrophizing to Recovery” [FCR]. Objectives To determine 1) feasibility of FCR; 2) participant ratings for acceptability, understandability, satisfaction, and likelihood to use the information learned; and 3) preliminary efficacy of FCR for reducing PC. Design and methods Uncontrolled prospective pilot trial with a retrospective chart and database review component. Seventy-six patients receiving care at an outpatient pain clinic (the Stanford Pain Management Center) attended the class as free treatment and 70 attendees completed and returned an anonymous survey immediately post-class. The Pain Catastrophizing Scale (PCS) was administered at class check-in (baseline) and at 2, and 4 weeks post-treatment. Within subjects repeated measures analysis of variance (ANOVA) with Student’s t-test contrasts were used to compare scores across time points. Results All attendees who completed a baseline PCS were included as study participants (N=57; F=82%; mean age =50.2 years); PCS was completed by 46 participants at week 2 and 35 participants at week 4. Participants had significantly reduced PC at both time points (P<0001) and large effect sizes were found (Cohen’s d=0.85 and d=1.15). Conclusion Preliminary data suggest that FCR is an acceptable and effective treatment for PC. Larger, controlled studies of longer duration are needed to determine durability of response, factors contributing to response, and the impact on pain, function and quality of life.
Does larval aggregation pheromone of codling moth, Cydia pomonella, induce attraction or arrestment of receivers?

Abstract Cocoon-spinning larvae of the codling moth, Cydia pomonella, emit a pheromone that mediates aggregation by pupation site-seeking fifth-instar larvae. It was unknown and, thus, we tested whether the aggregation pheromone induces arrestment or attraction responses. In paired straight-tube experiment 1, fifth-instars moved faster and farther upwind toward cospecific cocoons compared to blank controls. In still-air cage experiment 2, fifth-instars selected more often as first and final choices of pupation sites those with cocooning conspecifics than those without. Finally, in Y-tube olfactometer experiment 3, fifth-instars anemotactically responded to, and preferred, side arms with cocooning conspecifics to those without. Our data provide evidence that codling moth larvae are attracted to, rather than merely arrested by, larval aggregation pheromone. These results help explain reported aggregations or clumped distributions of larvae on tree trunks, which would likely not occur if they were based merely on chance encounter of cocoon-spinning larvae by foraging larvae.
Effect of buckwheat flour on cooking quality and some chemical, antinutritional and sensory properties of erişte, Turkish noodle

In this study, wheat flour used in erişte production was replaced with whole buckwheat flour (BWF) up to a 40% level to improve the nutritional properties of erişte. The chemical composition, phytic acid content, color values, cooking quality and sensory properties of erişte samples were determined. High levels of BWF in erişte formulation increased the ash, cellulose and fat content when compared with a control made by wheat flour. The 40% BWF supplementation instead of wheat flour decreased the starch content from 65.4% to 58.4%. Increasing the BWF level in the erişte sample resulted in an expected increase (P<0.05) in the phytic acid content and potassium, magnesium and phosphorus amounts. Significant decreases were observed in water uptake and volume increase values with BWF addition levels over 20%. BWF gave darker erişte samples in color. erişte containing BWF up to a 25% level were appreciated by the panelists, especially in terms of overall acceptability.
Crack Front Curvature in the Wedge Test

The wedge test, as used for the evaluation of adhesive fracture energy, is usually considered to be a 2D geometry: its simple analysis implies independence of the width of the adhesive joint, b. Recent work has shown this to be an over-simplification, at least in some circumstances, with (hypothesised) anticlastic bending giving rise to curvature of the crack front. As a result, crack front length, a, varies across the joint width leading to ambiguity in the interpretation of results to obtain fracture energy, G c . This contribution constitutes a more detailed analysis of the geometry of the wedge test (in the particular case of one bending and one rigid substrate), treating the bent member as a plate, rather than as a simple beam. The Kirchhoff-Love plate theory is applied and solved by a perturbation method. Secondary curvature of the beam in the direction normal to the principal curvature results directly from the treatment, and this, in turn, leads to a concave crack front, corroborating the above-mentioned experimental observation.