Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Local triangle-densest subgraphs

Finding dense subgraphs in large graphs is a key primitive in a variety of real-world application domains, encompassing social network analysis, event detection, problems arising in biology and many others. Several recent works have studied some variants of the classical densest subgraph problem, considering alternative quality measures such as the average number of triangles in the subgraphs and their compactness. Those are desirable properties when the task is to find communities or interesting events in social networks. In our work, we capitalize on previous works and study a variant of the problem where we aim at finding subgraphs which are both compact and contain a large number of triangles. We provide a formal definition for our problem, while developing efficient algorithms with strong theoretical guarantees. Our experimental evaluation on large real-world networks shows the effectiveness of our approach.
Documentation of herpetofaunal species richness in Tripura, northeast India

Dept. of Botany, Tripura University, Suryamaninagar-799 022, West Tripura, Tripura, India. ABSTRACT Herpetofaunal biodiversity in a particular area determine the quantitative and qualitative data of habitat modifications because of their receptive nature. Hilly terrain, undulating slopes and valleys with semi-evergreen to moist deciduous forests of Tripura form heterogeneous habitats for rich herpetofaunal diversity, although it is inadequately documented from the state. In the present communication, 55 species of herpetofauna was recorded belonging to 39 genera and 15 families. Out of which, 18 species were snakes, 17 species of lizards, 3 species of turtles and 17 species of amphibians. Twenty six species are new record for the state. Twenty four species were enlisted in IUCN Red List category. Habitat preference and existing threats in the state from anthropogenic activities were also mentioned. Keywords
CHAPTER 12 SCIENTIFIC STUDIES ON STURGEON CULTURE IN TÜRKİYE

Mazlum et al. (2020) aimed to examine the effects of body and meal sizes on the gastric evacuation of Siberian sturgeon using the radiography technique. The researchers used stur - geon of different sizes ranging from 1.5 kg to 5 kg and fed them with meal sizes ranging from 4.6 g to 47.6 g, composed of either commercial pellets or live food. The study found that the course of gastric evacuation in sturgeon was best described by the square root model, with the effects of body mass and temperature on gastric evacuation rates described by power and exponential models respectively. The study also found that gastric evacuation rates were dif - ferent for sturgeon fed on live food and commercial pellets. The researchers proposed models to estimate the time required for a meal to be evacuated from the stomach of the sturgeon or to determine the stomach fullness at postprandial time. The results of this study can be useful in planning feeding regimes for Siberian sturgeon to avoid overfeeding or underfeeding. In their research, Mazlum and Alabdullah (2020) aimed to examine the impact of body and meal sizes on gastric evacuation (GE) in farmed Russian sturgeon, considering their consumption of live food or commercial pellets. Radiography was employed to monitor the movement of food from the stomach to the intestine following feeding. The square root model was deemed suitable for describing the process of GE in Russian sturgeon, regardless of the type and size of the meal. The influence of fish size on GE was accurately represented by a simple power model. These findings contribute to the estimation of stomach fullness in Russian sturgeon at a specific time after feeding, which can be valuable in devising feeding strategies to minimize feed wastage and optimize fish growth.
A Molecular Mechanism for Bacterial Susceptibility to Zinc

Transition row metal ions are both essential and toxic to microorganisms. Zinc in excess has significant toxicity to bacteria, and host release of Zn(II) at mucosal surfaces is an important innate defence mechanism. However, the molecular mechanisms by which Zn(II) affords protection have not been defined. We show that in Streptococcus pneumoniae extracellular Zn(II) inhibits the acquisition of the essential metal Mn(II) by competing for binding to the solute binding protein PsaA. We show that, although Mn(II) is the high-affinity substrate for PsaA, Zn(II) can still bind, albeit with a difference in affinity of nearly two orders of magnitude. Despite the difference in metal ion affinities, high-resolution structures of PsaA in complex with Mn(II) or Zn(II) showed almost no difference. However, Zn(II)-PsaA is significantly more thermally stable than Mn(II)-PsaA, suggesting that Zn(II) binding may be irreversible. In vitro growth analyses show that extracellular Zn(II) is able to inhibit Mn(II) intracellular accumulation with little effect on intracellular Zn(II). The phenotype of S. pneumoniae grown at high Zn(II):Mn(II) ratios, i.e. induced Mn(II) starvation, closely mimicked a ΔpsaA mutant, which is unable to accumulate Mn(II). S. pneumoniae infection in vivo elicits massive elevation of the Zn(II):Mn(II) ratio and, in vitro, these Zn(II):Mn(II) ratios inhibited growth due to Mn(II) starvation, resulting in heightened sensitivity to oxidative stress and polymorphonuclear leucocyte killing. These results demonstrate that microbial susceptibility to Zn(II) toxicity is mediated by extracellular cation competition and that this can be harnessed by the innate immune response.
A compensation-based approach for view maintenance in distributed environments

Data integration over multiple heterogeneous data sources has become increasingly important for modern applications. The integrated data is usually stored as materialized views to allow better access, performance, and high availability. In loosely coupled environments, such as the data grid, the data sources are autonomous. Hence, tie source updates can be concurrent and cause erroneous results during view maintenance. State-of-the-art maintenance strategies apply compensating queries to correct such errors, making the restricting assumption that all source schemata remain static over time. However, in such dynamic environments, the data sources may change not only their data but also their schema. Consequently, either the maintenance queres or the compensating queries may fail. In this paper, we propose a novel framework called DyDa that overcomes these limitations and handles both source data updates and schema changes. We identify three types of maintenance anomalies, caused by either source data updates, data-preserving schema changes, or non-data-preserving schema changes. We propose a compensation algorithm to solve the first two types of anomalies. We show that the third type of anomaly is caused by the violation of dependencies between maintenance processes. Then, we propose dependency detection and correction algorithms to identify and resolve the violations. Put together, DyDa extends prior maintenance solutions to solve all types of view maintenance anomalies. The experimental results show that DyDa imposes a minimal overhead on data update processing while allowing for the extended functionality to handle concurrent schema changes
Atom Transfer Radical Addition to Alkenes using Fukuzumi Photocatalyst for Regioselective Functionalization of Quinoxalin-2( 1 H)-ones

The atom transfer radical addition (ATRA) reaction is defined as a method for introducing halogenated compounds into alkenes via a radical mechanism. In this study, we present an ATRA approach for achieving regioselective functionalization of quinoxalin-2( 1 H)-ones by activating C-Br bonds of CBr 4 , and subsequent trihaloalkyl-carbofunctionalization of styrenes employing the 9-mesityl-10-methylacridinium perchlorate (Fukuzumi) photocatalyst under 3W blue LED (450-470 nm) irradiation. This three-component radical cascade process demonstrates remarkable efficiency in the synthesis of 1-methyl-3-(3,3,3-tribromo-1-(4-chlorophenyl)propyl)quinoxalin-2( 1 H)-one derivatives.
Atomic Comagnetometer Gyroscopes for Inertial Navigation Atomic Comagnetometer Gyroscopes for Inertial Navigation Systems: A Review Systems: A Review

: In recent years, developments in quantum sensing, laser, and atomic sensor technologies have also enabled advancement in the field of quantum navigation. Atomic-based gyroscopes have emerged as one of the most critical atomic sensors in this respect. In this review, a brief technology statement of spin exchange relaxation free (SERF) and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) type atomic comagnetometer gyroscope (CG) is presented. Related studies in the literature have been gathered, and the fundamental compositions of CGs with technical basics are presented. A comparison of SERF and NMR CGs is provided. A basic simulation of SERF CG was carried out because of its high theoretic bias stability limit. Besides, some highly critical challenges for CGs were examined and reported with compensation methods. The objective of this review is to offer a guide for researchers to develop high-precision atomic gyroscopes and to encourage further research.
A New Architecture for High Speed, Low Latency NB-LDPC Check Node Processing for GF(256)

Non-binary low-density parity-check codes have superior communications performance compared to their binary counterparts. However, to be an option for future standards, efficient hardware architectures are mandatory. State-of-the-art decoding algorithms result in architectures suffering from low throughput and high latency. The check node function accounts for the largest part of the decoders overall complexity. To the best of our knowledge, we propose the first architecture for high speed, low latency Non-Binary Low-Density Parity-Check Check Node processing for GF(256). It has state-of-the-art communications performance while largely reducing the hardware complexity. The presented architecture has a 3.3 times higher area efficiency, increases the energy efficiency by factor 2.5 and reduces the latency by factor of 5.5 compared to the first implementation of Check Node for GF(256) based on the state-of-the-art FWBW scheme that was also implemented in the scope of this work.
A market-based approach to software evolution

Software correctness has bedeviled the field of computer science since its inception. Software complexity has increased far more quickly than our ability to control it, reaching sizes that are many orders of magnitude beyond the reach of formal or automated verification techniques. We propose a new paradigm for evaluating "correctness" based on a rich market ecosystem in which coalitions of users bid for features and fixes. Developers, testers, bug reporters, and analysts share in the rewards for responding to those bids. In fact, we suggest that the entire software development process can be driven by a disintermediated market-based mechanism driven by the desires of users and the capabilities of developers. The abstract, unspecifiable, and unknowable notion of absolute correctness is then replaced by quantifiable notions of correctness demand (the sum of bids for bugs) and correctness potential (the sum of the available profit for fixing those bugs). We then sketch the components of a market design intended to identify bugs, elicit demand for fixing bugs, and source workers for fixing bugs. The ultimate goal is to achieve a more appropriate notion of correctness, in which market forces drive software towards a correctness equilibrium in which all bugs for which there is enough value, and with low enough cost to fix, are fixed.
Automatic Generation Control Using LQR based PI Controller for Multi Area Interconnected Power System

The continuous time Linear Quadratic Regulator (LQR) theory has been implemented in the present work for the design of optimal Proportional Integral(PI) controller for the frequency response enhancement of multi area interconnected power system . The PI controller gains as proportional gain (Kp) and integral gain (Ki) are formulated as the optimal state-feedback gains, corresponding to the standard quadratic cost function known as integral of time multiplied squared error (ITSE). The two area network comprising of thermal power systems is considered without the reheat and generation rate constraint (GRC). The automatic generation control has been developed for two area thermal network using LQR based PI controller. In the present work firstly the block diagram of the system is designed. Then states of the system are identified which help to develop the state apace model of the system. The proposed model has nine states of the system for which the state feedback is given to LQR for keeping the Performance Index (PI) to minimum. The system state equation and output equation have been formulated with state matrix A, Input matrix B and Output matrix C. These matrices are developed on the basis of system parameters. The weighing matrices Q and R of LQ regulator are optimally designed to keep the frequency deviation with load changes within the desired limits. The two control signals are thus developed by LQ regulator which are fed one to each area for frequency response enhancement.The proposed load frequency control of two area electric power system has been developed by using MATLAB/SIMULINK. The thermal systems of two area network are Naresh Kumari & A.N. Jha 15
Pluggable verification modules: an extensible protection mechanism for the JVM

Through the design and implementation of a JVM that supports Pluggable Verification Modules (PVMs), the idea of an extensible protection mechanism is entertained. Link-time bytecode verification becomes a pluggable service that can be readily replaced, reconfigured and augmented. Application-specific verification services can be safely introduced into the dynamic linking process of the JVM. This feature is enabled by the adoption of a previously proposed modular verification architecture, Proof Linking [23, 24], which decouples bytecode verification from the dynamic linking process, rendering the verifier a replaceable module. The PVM mechanism has been implemented in an open source JVM, the Aegis VM [21]. To evaluate the software engineering and security engineering benefits of this extensible protection mechanism, an augmented type system JAC (Java Access Control) [37] has been successfully implemented as a PVM.
International Biological Engagement Programs Facilitate Newcastle Disease Epidemiological Studies

Infections of poultry species with virulent strains of Newcastle disease virus (NDV) cause Newcastle disease (ND), one of the most economically significant and devastating diseases for poultry producers worldwide. Biological engagement programs between the Southeast Poultry Research Laboratory (SEPRL) of the United States Department of Agriculture and laboratories from Russia, Pakistan, Ukraine, Kazakhstan, and Indonesia collectively have produced a better understanding of the genetic diversity and evolution of the viruses responsible for ND, which is crucial for the control of the disease. The data from Kazakhstan, Russia, and Ukraine identified possible migratory routes for birds that may carry both virulent NDV (vNDV) and NDV of low virulence into Europe. In addition, related NDV strains were isolated from wild birds in Ukraine and Nigeria, and from birds in continental USA, Alaska, Russia, and Japan, identifying wild birds as a possible mechanism of intercontinental spread of NDV of low virulence. More recently, the detection of new sub-genotypes of vNDV suggests that a new, fifth, panzootic of ND has already originated in Southeast Asia, extended to the Middle East, and is now entering into Eastern Europe. Despite expected challenges when multiple independent laboratories interact, many scientists from the collaborating countries have successfully been trained by SEPRL on molecular diagnostics, best laboratory practices, and critical biosecurity protocols, providing our partners the capacity to further train other employes and to identify locally the viruses that cause this OIE listed disease. These and other collaborations with partners in Mexico, Bulgaria, Israel, and Tanzania have allowed SEPRL scientists to engage in field studies, to elucidate more aspects of ND epidemiology in endemic countries, and to understand the challenges that the scientists and field veterinarians in these countries face on a daily basis. Finally, new viral characterization tools have been developed and are now available to the scientific community.
Experimental results of a sensor switching policy for mobile robots

This note presents the first experimental results about the application of a sensor switching policy to the estimation of the pose of a mobile robot. We assume that only a fraction of the available sensors can be used, to the sake of saving robot's batteries, and investigate sensors' better switching rule with respect to the reliability of the estimated pose under the usual hypotheses of Gaussian disturbances. The problem of possibly missing measurements, due to sensors malfunctioning or communication bottlenecks, is also addressed.
Communication between distant epithelial cells by filopodia-like protrusions during embryonic development

Long-range intercellular communication is essential for the regulation of embryonic development. Apart from simple diffusion, various modes of signal transfer have been described in the literature. Here, we describe a novel type of cellular extensions found in epithelial cells of the somites in chicken embryos. These filopodia-like protrusions span the subectodermal space overlying the dorsal surface of the somites and contact the ectoderm. We show that these protrusions are actin- and tubulin-positive and require Rac1 for their formation. The presence of glycophosphatidylinositol-anchored proteins and net retrograde trafficking of the transmembrane Wnt-receptor Frizzled-7 along the protrusions indicate their role in signal transport and distribution. Taken together, our data suggest a role of filopodia-like protrusions in mediating signaling events between distant epithelial cells during embryonic development. Summary: Epithelial cells of chick embryo somites exhibit filopodia-like protrusions that serve as transport conduits connecting them to the overlying surface ectoderm.
Conjunct adverb doch and the notion of contrast

Abstract The paper contributes to the ongoing discussion on the relation between information structure and discourse structure. It presents an account of the German conjunct adverb doch (dochCA) that is based on the observation that the interaction between the two structures determines the semantic and pragmatic properties of this conjunct adverb. The account of dochCA presented thus defends a monosemic view on which the semantic and pragmatic properties of this particular use of the German discourse particle doch can be derived from the properties of the context in which the word occurs. I argue in particular that dochCA acquires its anaphoric and concessive properties due to the following interaction between discourse structure and information structure: (i) accent on dochCA evokes as a focus alternative the proposition expressed by the negated counterpart of the dochCA-host, and (ii) prosodically induced contrast together with a mechanism I tentatively call discourse-linking lead to establishing an implicational anaphoric link of the dochCA-host to the first conjunct in a dochCA-conjunction. The analysis of dochCA is argued to account for the relation between dochCA and other uses of the word, such as the conjunction doch and the adverbial middle-field doch. It also suggests an alternative account of cases of Roothean contrast (Rooth, Natural language semantics 1: 75116, 1992) involving implicit antecedents of contrastive focus alternatives, as well as a general model of the mechanics of the concessive interpretation of contrastive conjunctions such as aber and but.
The Physico-Chemical Quality of Streams and Channels Draining into River Rwizi, South Western Uganda

There is an increased human population along the catchment area of river Rwizi who are engaged in various activities with potential to contaminate river Rwizi especially along the streams. Studies have been done to examine the physico-chemical quality of the mainstream river Rwizi in Mbarara Municipality. However, the comprehensive source of contamination may be beyond the municipality and yet the streams have not been investigated to substantiate their contribution on quality degradation of the river and this formed the basis of the study. This study determined the physico-chemical parameters of streams draining into river Rwizi. Raw water was purposively selected from streams in the upstream, midstream and downstream sections of the river. Water samples were analyzed for 15 physico-chemical parameters including dissolved oxygen (DO), colour, turbidity, total suspended solid (TSS), total iron (Fe), phosphates (PO3-4), alkalinity, magnesium (Mg), calcium carbonate (CaCO3), temperature, pH, ammonium (NH+4), electrical conductivity (EC), chloride (Cl) and nitrates (NO3). The water samples were analyzed following the standard methods of American Public Health Association and standard operating manual (1985). The obtained values were also compared with the international Environmental Protection Agency (EPA, 2001) guidelines for water quality and the National Environment Management Authority (NEMA, 1999) standards for waste water. The results showed that most of the streams in the downstream generally recorded the highest levels (p i.e. bus park stream (temperature, 27.6°C; colour, 431.17 TCU; TSS, 99.33 mg/l; alkalinity, 468.33 mg/l; Mg, 121.89 mg/l; CaCO3, 588.67 mg/l; Cl, 333.33 mg/l), Kikutu stream (turbidity, 123.58 NTU; EC, 698 μs/cm; DO, 55.73 mg/l; PO3-4, 12.85 mg/l), Kakyeka upper (pH, 10.52; NH+4, 46.67 mg/l), Rwentondo (Fe, 3.44 mg/l) and Kakyeka GBK (NO3, 10.83 mg/l). Most of the parameters downstream were higher than the EPA guideline (temperature, 25°C; colour, 20 - 150 TCUs; TSS, 50 mg/l; alkalinity, 400 mg/l; Cl, 250 mg/l; DO, 5 mg/l; PO3-4, 0.5 - 0.7 mg/l; pH, 5.5 - 9.0; NH+4, 0.2 - 4 mg/l; Fe, 0.2 - 2.0 mg/l) and NEMA standards (colour, 300 TCUs; Mg, 100mg/l; DO, 5mg/l; PO3-4, 10 mg/l; pH, 6.0 - 8.0). On the other hand, the streams in the upstream registered the lowest values of the parameters i.e. Kibimba (temperature, 17.28°C; EC, 31 μs/cm; PO3-4, 0.24 mg/l), Kasharara (colour, 15.17 TCU; TSS, 2.5 mg/l; pH, 6.23; alkalinity, 19.67 mg/l; DO, 9.99 mg/l; Mg, 4.41 mg/l; CaCO3, 23.17 mg/l) and Karungu (turbidity, 7.02 mg/l; Fe, 0.12 mg/l). Calcium carbonate hardness of the waters ranged from soft to excessively hard across the stream. The variations of the parameters detected in the streams in the downstream could reach adverse conditions if no intensive measures are taken to regulate the different anthropogenic activities within the catchment of river Rwizi.
Brain and pituitary angiotensin.

I. Introduction Angiotensin(ANG II) was discovered about 50 yr ago (1, 2), and a complete peripheral system for the formation and metabolism of ANG II was soon characterized. It was named the renin-angiotensin system, based on the rate-limiting enzyme, renin, and the active principle, ANG II (3). In the classical peripheral RAS system, a precursor molecule, angiotensinogen (AOGEN), originates in the liver and is cleaved to the essentially inactive decapeptide angiotensin I (ANG I) by an aspartyl protease, renin, synthesized and released to the circulation mainly by the juxtaglomerular cells of the kidney. ANG I is converted to ANG II, the effector peptide of this system, by the angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) (4). Circulating ANG II acts on high affinity ANG II receptors located in the vascular smooth muscle, zona glomerulosa of the adrenal gland, and kidney to produce vasoconstriction, aldosterone release, and sodium retention, respectively. Thus, the peripheral RAS is a hormonal system with importan.