Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Shedding Light on the Hidden Web

The terms Hidden Web, Deep Web and Invisible Web describe those resources on the Web that are in some way unreachable by search engines, and are potentially unusable to other Web systems such as annotation services. These hidden resources make up a significant part of the current Web. We provide firm definitions of the ways in which information can be “hidden”, and discuss the challenges that face those working with annotation in the Hidden Web. We do not attempt to provide solutions for these challenges, but a clarification of the terms involved is certainly a step in the right direction. Copyright c © 2004, University of Manchester. All rights reserved. Reproduction (electronically or by other means) of all or part of this work is permitted for educational or research purposes only, on condition that no commercial gain is involved. Recent preprints issued by the Department of Computer Science, Manchester University, are available on WWW via URL http://www.cs. man.ac. uk/preprints/index.html or by ftp from ftp.cs. man.ac. uk in the directory pub/preprints. Melandra Limited, Greenheys Centre, 10 Pencroft Way, Manchester, M15 6JJ Sun Microsystems Laboratories Europe, Sun Microsystems Ltd, Sun House, 306 Cambridge Science Park, Milton Road, Cambridge, CB4 0WG
A Time-Efficient Approach for Modelling and Simulation of Aggregated Multiple Photovoltaic Microinverters

This paper presents a time-efficient modeling and simulation strategy for aggregated microinverters in large-scale photovoltaic systems. As photovoltaic microinverter systems are typically comprised of multiple power electronic converters, a suitable modeling and simulation strategy that can be used for rapid prototyping is required. Dynamic models incorporating switching action may induce significant computational burdens and long simulation durations. This paper introduces a single-matrix-form approach using the average model of a basic microinverter with two power stages consisting of a dc-dc and dc-ac converter. The proposed methodology using a common or intermediate source between two average models of cascaded converters to find the overall average model is introduced and is applicable to many other converter topologies and combinations. It provides better flexibility and simplicity when investigating various power topologies in system-level studies of microinverter and other power electronic systems. A 200 W prototype microinverter is tested to verify the proposed average and dynamic models. Furthermore, MATLAB/Simulink (2010a, Mathworks, Natick, MA, USA) is used to show the improved simulation speed and maintained accuracy of the multiple microinverter configurations when the derived average model is compared to a dynamic switching simulation model.
Conceptualizing Teacher Identity as a Complex Dynamic System

Currently, the inner dynamics of teacher identity transformations remain a “black box. ” Conceptualizing preservice teacher identity as a complex dynamic system, and the notion of “being someone who teaches” in dialogical terms as involving shifts between different teacher voices, the study investigates the dynamical processes at play when transitions between identities occur. Using a single-case design, and drawing on intra- and inter-personal data collected across three timescales, the identity transformations of a preservice teacher during a practicum are examined as a process in motion. The study offers a systemic account of the participant’s teacher identity experiences, analyses revealing oscillations between two identity positions and a pattern of multi-stability. It is suggested that complexity approaches can be valuably used in mentoring processes to help students make sense of identity transformations and the conditions under which they occur. In the longer term, support of this kind can have a positive impact on teacher retention.
A proposal for an IPv6 information sharing system for disaster scenes

At disaster scene it is necessary to share information between doctors and rescuers quickly. In this paper, we focus on an ad-hoc network where there is no base station, such as the access point. We propose changing the IP version of the network from IPv4 to IPv6 in order to construct an efficient network. IPv6 has a protocol called neighbor discovery (ND), as specified by RFC2461. This protocol provides neighbor unreachability detection (NUD) which can monitor packet reachability. The experimental results show efficient information sharing performance.
Detection of organic compound signatures in infra-red , limb emission spectra observed by the MIPAS-B 2 instrument

Detection of organic compound signatures in infra-red, limb emission spectra observed by the MIPAS-B2 instrument J. J. Remedios, G. Allen, A. M. Waterfall, H. Oelhaf, and A. Kleinert EOS, Space Research Centre, Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Leicester, Leicester, LE1 7RH, UK School of Earth, Atmospheric and Environmental Sciences, The University of Manchester, Manchester, M13 9PL, UK Atmospheric Science, Space Science and Technology Department, CCLRC Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, Chilton, Didcot, Oxfordshire, OX11 0QX, UK Institut für Meteorologie und Klimaforschung, Forschungszentrum Karlsruhe, Karlsruhe, Germany
On the use of symmetry in configurational analysis for the simulation of disordered solids

The starting point for a quantum mechanical investigation of disordered systems usually implies calculations on a limited subset of configurations, generated by defining either the composition of interest or a set of compositions ranging from one end member to another, within an appropriate supercell of the primitive cell of the pure compound. The way in which symmetry can be used in the identification of symmetry independent configurations (SICs) is discussed here. First, Pólya’s enumeration theory is adopted to determine the number of SICs, in the case of both varying and fixed composition, for colors numbering two or higher. Then, De Bruijn’s generalization is presented, which allows analysis of the case where the colors are symmetry related, e.g. spin up and down in magnetic systems. In spite of their efficiency in counting SICs, neither Pólya’s nor De Bruijn’s theory helps in solving the difficult problem of identifying the complete list of SICs. Representative SICs are obtained by adopting an orderly generation approach, based on lexicographic ordering, which offers the advantage of avoiding the (computationally expensive) analysis and storage of all the possible configurations. When the number of colors increases, this strategy can be combined with the surjective resolution principle, which permits the efficient generation of SICs of a problem in |R| colors starting from the ones obtained for the (|R| − 1)-colors case. The whole scheme is documented by means of three examples: the abstract case of a square with C4v symmetry and the real cases of the garnet and olivine mineral families.
Characterization of ASCAT measurements based on buoy and QuikSCAT wind vector observations

The new scatterometer Advanced SCATterometer (ASCAT) onboard MetOp-A satellite provides surface wind speed and direction over global ocean with a spatial resolu- tion of 25 km square over two swaths of 550 km widths. The accuracy of ASCAT wind retrievals is determined through various comparisons with moored buoys. The comparisons indicate that the remotely sensed wind speeds and directions agree well with buoy data. The root-mean-squared differ- ences of the wind speed and direction are less than 1.72 m/s and 18 , respectively. At global scale, ASCAT winds are compared with surface winds derived from QuikSCAT scat- terometer. The results confirm the buoy analyses, especially for wind speed ranging between 3 m/s and 20 m/s. For higher wind conditions, ASCAT is biased low. The ASCAT under- estimation with respect to QuikSCAT winds is wind speed dependent. The comparisons based on the collocated scat- terometer data collected after 17 of October 2007 indicate that there are significant improvements compared to previ- ous periods.
Benefits of document maps for text access in knowledge management: a comparative study

Analyzing, structuring and organizing documented knowledge is an important aspect of knowledge management. In order to ease the access to text collections, in literature so-called document maps have been proposed which visualize the inherently vague semantic similarity structure of a corpus of documents. In this paper we investigate a document map system which is specifically designed for typical text access tasks in knowledge management. Based on an empirical task-model we present design, realization and results of a comparative laboratory study which evaluates the document map concept against an alternative text-access interface. We show that the graphical overview offers significant benefits over a text-based access interface for certain knowledge management tasks. We also discuss its drawbacks and point to further system improvements which promise to make the technology even more effective.
Histomorphological and torque removal comparison of 6 mm orthodontic miniscrews with and without surface treatment in New Zealand rabbits.

AIM The purpose of this study was to assess the difference of removal torque values (RTV) and the bone-to-implant contact (BIC) between the sand-blasted, large grit, and acid-etched (SLA) surface-treated and the machined surface (MA) miniscrews. MATERIAL AND METHODS Miniscrews used in this study were 6mm long with a diameter of 1.5mm. A total of 23 SLA miniscrews and 24 MA miniscrews were placed into the distal femoral condyle of 24 New Zealand rabbits. Removal torque test and the BIC was histologically evaluated at 0 and 8 weeks. RESULTS There was no statistical difference between the RTV in the MA group versus the SLA group at both 0 and 8 weeks. Comparing 0-8 weeks, there was no significant difference in RTV of the SLA group (P = 0.48), however the change in the MA group was statistically significant (P = 0.006). Histological observation showed a significant decrease in BIC comparing 0 and 8 weeks for the MA group. The BIC ratio at 8 weeks was statistically significantly higher in the SLA group compared to the MA group. CONCLUSION SLA surface preparation does not increase the RTV of miniscrews. Further investigations under loading and a large sample size are required.
C-Reactive Protein Elevation in Patients With Atrial Arrhythmias: Inflammatory Mechanisms and Persistence of Atrial Fibrillation

Background—Atrial fibrillation (AF) may persist due to structural changes in the atria that are promoted by inflammation. C-reactive protein (CRP), a marker of systemic inflammation, predicts cardiovascular events and stroke, a common sequela of AF. We hypothesized that CRP is elevated in patients with atrial arrhythmias. Methods and Results—Using a case-control study design, CRP in 131 patients with atrial arrhythmias was compared with CRP in 71 control patients. Among arrhythmia patients, 6 had frequent atrial ectopy or tachycardia, 86 had paroxysmal AF, 39 had persistent AF lasting >30 days, and 70 had lone arrhythmias. CRP was higher in arrhythmia than in control patients (median, 0.21 versus 0.096 mg/dL;P <0.001). Arrhythmia patients in AF within 24 hours before sampling had higher CRP than those in sinus rhythm (0.30 versus 0.15 mg/dL;P <0.001). CRP in controls was not different than in patients with atrial ectopy or tachycardia. Lone arrhythmia patients had a CRP of 0.21 mg/dL, which was not significantly lower than arrhythmia patients with structural heart disease (CRP, 0.23 mg/dL) but higher than controls (P =0.002). Persistent AF patients had a higher CRP (0.34 mg/dL) than paroxysmal AF patients (0.18 mg/dL;P =0.008); both groups had higher CRP levels than controls (P ≤0.005). Conclusions—CRP is elevated in AF patients. This study is the first to document elevated CRP in non-postoperative arrhythmia patients. These findings are reinforced by stepwise CRP elevation with higher AF burden. Although the cause of elevated CRP levels in AF patients remains unknown, elevated CRP may reflect an inflammatory state that promotes the persistence of AF.
Reverse data management

Database research mainly focuses on forward-moving data flows: source data is subjected to transformations and evolves through queries, aggregations, and view definitions to form a new target instance, possibly with a different schema. This Forward Paradigm underpins most data management tasks today, such as querying, data integration, data mining, etc. We contrast this forward processing with Reverse Data Management (RDM), where the action needs to be performed on the input data, on behalf of desired outcomes in the output data. Some data management tasks already fall under this paradigm, for example updates through views, data generation, data cleaning and repair. RDM is, by necessity, conceptually more difficult to define, and computationally harder to achieve. Today, however, as increasingly more of the available data is derived from other data, there is an increased need to be able to modify the input in order to achieve a desired effect on the output, motivating a systematic study of RDM. We define the Reverse Data Management problem, and classify RDM problems into four categories. We illustrate known examples of RDM problems and classify them under these categories. Finally, we introduce a new type of RDM problem, How-To Queries.
At the brink of supercoloniality: genetic, behavioral, and chemical assessments of population structure of the desert ant Cataglyphis niger

The nesting habits of ants play an important role in structuring ant populations. They vary from monodomy, a colony occupies a single nest, via polydomy, a colony occupies multiple adjacent nests, to supercoloniality, a colony spans over large territories comprising dozen to thousands nests without having any boundaries. The population structure of the desert ant Cataglyphis niger, previously considered to form supercolonies, was studied using genetic, chemical and behavioral tools in plots of 50x50 meters at two distinct populations. At the Palmahim site, the plot comprised 15 nests that according to the genetic analysis constituted three colonies. Likewise at the Rishon Leziyyon site 14 nests constituted 5 genetic colonies. In both sites, both chemical analysis and the behavioral (aggression) tests confirmed the colony genetic architecture. The behavioral tests also revealed that aggression between colonies within a population was higher than that exhibited between colonies of different populations, suggesting the occurrence of the “nasty neighbor” phenomenon. In contrast to supercolony structure previously reported in another population of this species, the presently studied populations were composed of polydomous colonies. However, both the genetic and chemical data revealed that the inter-colonial differences between sites were larger than those within site, suggesting some within-site population viscosity. Thus, C. niger exhibits flexible nesting characteristics, from polydomy to supercoloniality, and can be considered at the brink of supercoloniality. We attribute the differences in population structure among sites to the intensity of intraspecific competition.
Haustorially Expressed Secreted Proteins from Flax Rust Are Highly Enriched for Avirulence Elicitors[W]

Rust fungi, obligate biotrophs that cause disease and yield losses in crops such as cereals and soybean (Glycine max), obtain nutrients from the host through haustoria, which are specialized structures that develop within host cells. Resistance of flax (Linum usitatissimum) to flax rust (Melampsora lini) involves the induction of a hypersensitive cell death response at haustoria formation sites, governed by gene-for-gene recognition between host resistance and pathogen avirulence genes. We identified genes encoding haustorially expressed secreted proteins (HESPs) by screening a flax rust haustorium-specific cDNA library. Among 429 unigenes, 21 HESPs were identified, one corresponding to the AvrL567 gene. Three other HESPs cosegregated with the independent AvrM, AvrP4, and AvrP123 loci. Expression of these genes in flax induced resistance gene–mediated cell death with the appropriate specificity, confirming their avirulence activity. AvrP4 and AvrP123 are Cys-rich proteins, and AvrP123 contains a Kazal Ser protease inhibitor signature, whereas AvrM contains no Cys residues. AvrP4 and AvrM induce cell death when expressed intracellularly, suggesting their translocation into plant cells during infection. However, secreted AvrM and AvrP4 also induce necrotic responses, with secreted AvrP4 more active than intracellular AvrP4, possibly as a result of enhanced formation of endoplasmic reticulum–dependent disulfide bonds. Addition of an endoplasmic reticulum retention signal inhibited AvrM-induced necrosis, suggesting that both AvrM and AvrP4 can reenter the plant cell after secretion in the absence of the pathogen.
Critical behavior of the contact process in a multiscale network

Inspired by dengue and yellow fever epidemics, we investigated the contact process (CP) in a multiscale network constituted by one-dimensional chains connected through a Barabási-Albert scale-free network. In addition to the CP dynamics inside the chains, the exchange of individuals between connected chains (travels) occurs at a constant rate. A finite epidemic threshold and an epidemic mean lifetime diverging exponentially in the subcritical phase, concomitantly with a power law divergence of the outbreak's duration, were found. A generalized scaling function involving both regular and SF components was proposed for the quasistationary analysis and the associated critical exponents determined, demonstrating that the CP on this hybrid network and nonvanishing travel rates establishes a new universality class.
NON-LINEAR MARKOV CHAIN MONTE

In this paper we introduce a class of non-linear Markov Chain Monte Carlo (MCMC) methods for simulating from a probability measure π. Non-linear Markov kernels (e.g. Del Moral (2004)) can be constructed to admit π as an invariant distribution and have typically superior mixing properties to ordinary (linear) MCMC kernels. However, such non-linear kernels often cannot be simulated exactly, so, in the spirit of particle approximations of Feynman-Kac formulae (Del Moral 2004), we construct approximations of the non-linear kernels via Self-Interacting Markov Chains (Del Moral & Miclo 2004) (SIMC). We present several non-linear kernels and investigate the performance of our approximations with some simulations.
Developmental Relationships between Language and Reading: Reconciling a Beautiful Hypothesis with Some Ugly Facts

There is little dispute about the basic idea that oral language skills are fundamentally related to reading. In response to much eloquent theorizing and compelling empirical evidence from research with beginning readers and students with reading disabilities, a consensus has coalesced around the view that phonological abilities are the most crucial language skills for successfully learning to read, and that phonological weaknesses underlie most reading disabilities (Adams, 1990; Committee on the Prevention of Reading Difficulties of Young Children, 1998; Liberman, Shankweiler, & Liberman, 1989; Shankweiler & Fowler, in press; Stanovich & Siegel, 1994; Torgesen et al., 1999). This phonological model is indeed a “beautiful hypothesis,” and one that has been hailed as “one of the more notable scientific success stories of the last decade” (Stanovich, 1991, p. 78).
Synchronization sequence design for mmWave cellular systems

Designing millimeter wave (mmWave) cellular system with good coverage necessitates the use of directional beams to transmit synchronization signals in the system, and with that comes several challenges. In this paper, we present a detailed synchronization channel (SCH) design for mmWave systems. We provide a link-budget study to determine the minimum required transmit and receive beamforming gains. We also present designs for the SCH pattern in the frame structure. We design SCH sequences and show that our design provides a 3 dB better performance than LTE under similar conditions. Moreover, we propose a method is based on a genetic algorithm, to efficiently synthesize the beams required to transmit SCH.
Ubiquitination of serine, threonine, or lysine residues on the cytoplasmic tail can induce ERAD of MHC-I by viral E3 ligase mK3

The mechanism by which substrates for endoplasmic reticulum–associated degradation are retrotranslocated to the cytosol remains largely unknown, although ubiquitination is known to play a key role. The mouse γ-herpesvirus protein mK3 is a viral RING-CH–type E3 ligase that specifically targets nascent major histocompatibility complex I heavy chain (HC) for degradation, thus blocking the immune detection of virus-infected cells. To address the question of how HC is retrotranslocated and what role mK3 ligase plays in this action, we investigated ubiquitin conjugation sites on HC using mutagenesis and biochemistry approaches. In total, our data demonstrate that mK3-mediated ubiquitination can occur via serine, threonine, or lysine residues on the HC tail, each of which is sufficient to induce the rapid degradation of HC. Given that mK3 has numerous cellular and viral homologues, it will be of considerable interest to determine the pervasiveness of this novel mechanism of ubiquitination.
Complexity analysis for algorithmically simple strings

Given a reference computer, Kolmogorov complexity is a well defined function on all binary strings. In the standard approach, however, only the asymptotic properties of such functions are considered because they do not depend on the reference computer. We argue that this approach can be more useful if it is refined to include an important practical case of simple binary strings. Kolmogorov complexity calculus may be developed for this case if we restrict the class of available reference computers. The interesting problem is to define a class of computers which is restricted in a {\it natural} way modeling the real-life situation where only a limited class of computers is physically available to us. We give an example of what such a natural restriction might look like mathematically, and show that under such restrictions some error terms, even logarithmic in complexity, can disappear from the standard complexity calculus. Keywords: Kolmogorov complexity; Algorithmic information theory.
Warm–hot intergalactic medium in the Sculptor supercluster

We have analysed the soft X-ray emission in a wide area of the Sculptor supercluster by using overlapping ROSAT Position Sensitive Proportional Counter pointings. After subtraction of the point sources, we have found evidence for extended, diffuse soft X-ray emission. We have investigated the nature of such extended emission through the cross-correlation with the density of galaxies as inferred from the Munster Redshift Survey. In particular, we have analysed the correlation as a function of the temperature of the X-ray emitting gas. We have found a significant correlation of the galaxy distribution only with the softest X-ray emission (0.1 – 0.3 keV) and only for gas temperatures kT < 0.5 keV. We have excluded the fact that this soft X-ray diffuse emission, and its correlation with the galaxy distribution, is significantly contributed by unresolved active galactic nuclei, groups of galaxies or individual galaxies. The most likely explanation is that the soft, diffuse X-ray emission is tracing warm–hot intergalactic medium, with temperatures below 0.5 keV, associated with the large-scale structures in the Sculptor supercluster.