Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Technology transfers and knowledge interactions among defence firms in the USA: an analysis of patent citations

The role of military R&D in the civilian economy has been a controversial one. With rapid changes in the geopolitical power structure, the debate about the defence technology has assumed a higher level of significance. The defence sector has been a driving force in many new technologies, such as developments in micro–electronics, computers, semiconductors, aviation etc. While one can marvel at the contributions of these technologies on the growth of the civilian economy, one can argue about the effectiveness of defence R&D in producing and diffusing technology suitable for the civilian sector. This paper investigates the pattern of transfer of technology between defence firms and other organizations. Using eight large defence contractors, Boeing, General Dynamics, Grumman, Lockheed, Martin Marietta, McDonnell Douglas, Raytheon and United Technologies, as sample, we have analysed their patents. We have been particularly interested in the pattern of citations. By using patents as the 'tracer' in the technology interaction, we have been able to characterize the pattern, nature and effectiveness of the technology interactions between the defence and non–defence sectors. In the exchange of technological information between a firm and other organizations, we have defined technology input to a firm X as the citations of patents made by firm X. Similarly, technology output of firm X is defined as the number of citations received by its patents from other patents of other organizations. Once we know the identity of the organizations, we can observe the technology exchange between the defence and the non–defence sectors, between the US defence firms and foreign firms. The intensity and efficiency of transfer of technology are computed from these data.
Local and systemic antibody response to putative periodontopathogens in patients with chronic periodontitis: correlation with clinical indices.

Specific immunoglobulin G (IgG), IgA and IgM antibody titres to Porphyromonas gingivalis and Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay in serum and gingival crevicular fluid at 5 sites in each of 20 chronic periodontitis patients. Specific serum antibody titres correlated with mean gingival crevicular fluid titres. The 3 immunoglobulin subclass responses (IgA, IgG and IgM) to P. gingivalis correlated. A comparison of sites with probing depth < 4 mm and > or = 4 mm showed that the latter group had significantly lower gingival crevicular fluid IgG titres to P. gingivalis. Sites with a gingival index of 3 had significantly lower gingival crevicular fluid IgG titres to this organism than those with a gingival index of less than 3. These findings support the concept that the humoral immune response is protective, as chronic periodontitis patients with greater pocket depths and more gingival inflammation had paradoxically lower antibody titres to suspected periodontopathogens.
Chemistry of individual aerosol particles from Chandler, Arizona, an arid urban environment.

Atmospheric aerosol particles, collected at a site in Chandler, AZ, over a 12-day period in February and March 1982, were chemically analyzed with an automated scanning electron microscope. The fine-particle fraction, with minimum average diameters of 0.4 . mu.m and effective maximum diameters of about 2 . mu.m, contains numerous types of Pb-, Cu-, Zn-, P-, and S-bearing particles, most of probable anthropogenic origin. The concentrations of selected particle types, each with distinct elemental associations, have been tracked over the sampling period, thereby providing information about particle emission and transport. The concentrations of particle types containing one or more metals and S were strongly dependent upon prevailing wind direction; the predominant source was copper smelters located to the southeast of Phoenix. Other particle types probably had local sources, some of which were intermittent. The identification and tracking of chemically distinct types of individual particles are demonstrated to be powerful tools for understanding complex atmospheric aerosol systems.
Structural Funds and Their Impact: Signed and Sealed, But Can We Deliver?

This paper seeks to examine some of the lessons from the past: in particular the 1994-1999 programming period of the EU Structural Funds. It then proposes to examine the current UK implementation of the Structural Fund programmes for 2000-2006 and raise some issues which currently emerge in terms of the UK government's new policy agenda affecting economic development. Thereafter the paper develops this analysis in order to raise some early issues in preparing for post-2006, which need to be considered in the post-devolution era in the UK.
Experiments for Decimal Floating-Point Division by Recurrence

In today's society, decimal arithmetic is growing considerably in importance given its relevance in financial and commercial applications. Decimal calculations on binary hardware significantly impacts performance mainly because most systems utilize software to emulate decimal calculations. On the other hand, the introduction of dedicated decimal hardware promises the ability to improve performance by two or three orders of magnitude. The purpose of this paper is to provide an analytical study and insight into the implementation feasibility of a decimal digit recurrence division unit based on binary digit recurrence division theory.
The incidence of adverse events among home care patients.

OBJECTIVE Incidence of adverse events (AEs) among home care patients and preventability ratings were estimated. Risk factors, AE types and factors associated with AEs were identified. DESIGN This study used a stratified, randomized sample of home care patients discharged in the fiscal year 2004/05. Trained nurse reviewers completed retrospective chart abstractions; charts for cases that were positive for screening criteria suggesting the presence of AEs were reviewed by trained physicians to determine the presence of and preventability of AEs. SETTING Three publicly funded home care programs in Ontario, Canada. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Prevalence and types of AEs; ratings of preventability. RESULTS At least one screening criterion was positively identified in 286 (66.5%) of 430 cases. Physician reviewers identified 61 AEs in 55 (19.2%) of the 286 (12.8% of the 430) cases. The AE rate was 13.2 per 100 home care cases [95% confidence interval (CI): 10.4-16.6%, standard error 1.6%]. 32.7% (20 of 61 AEs) of the AEs were rated as having >50% probability of preventability; 6 deaths (10.9% of patients with an AE; 1.4% of all patients) occurred in AE-positive patients. The most common AEs were falls and adverse drug events. CONCLUSIONS Providing health care through home care programs creates unintended harm to patients. The incidence rate of AEs of 13.2% suggests a significant number of home care patients experience AEs, one-third of which were considered preventable. Improvements in patient and informal caregiver education, skill development and clinical planning may be useful interventions to reduce AEs.
Copy-number variation and protein expression of DOT1L in pancreatic adenocarcinoma as a potential drug target

Adenocarcinoma of the pancreas has a poor prognosis. At present, no relevant personalized targets have been identified. Sequencing studies have implicated gene alterations of disruptor of telomeric silencing 1 like histone lysine methyltransferase (DOT1L) in pancreatic adenocarcinoma. DOT1L is part of the histone modification system and catalyzes methylation of H3K79, which is crucial in cell signaling and DNA damage repair. DOT1L is considered to be a target of therapy in mixed lineage leukemia gene-deficient leukemia cases and a potential target in breast carcinoma. The frequencies and importance of DOT1L copy-number variations and their specific correlation with protein expression in adenocarcinoma of the pancreas have yet to be investigated. In the present study, tissue microarrays of 230 resected pancreatic adenocarcinoma cases were constructed. The tumor tissue was analyzed using fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) and immunohistochemistry. In total, 10/225 carcinoma cases (4.4%) analyzed by immunohistochemistry demonstrated intense nuclear protein expression of DOT1L and in 9/224 tumors analyzed using FISH (4.0%), copy-number variations (CNV) were detectable. No DOT1L amplification was detected in the carcinoma cohort. To the best of our knowledge, the present study describes for the first time the frequency of CNV of DOT1L using the gold standard fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) and their specific correlation to the protein expression in adenocarcinomas of the pancreas. Although the positive cases by immunohistochemistry and copy-number variations by FISH were not congruent with each other, the data suggest a potential role for DOT1L in a small subset of pancreatic cancer cases. The significance of the two analysis methods concerning their druggability in pancreatic adenocarcinoma requires further studies.
Investigating the wellness tourism factors in hot spring hotel customer service

Purpose – This study aims to establish customer service factors for wellness tourism from both service providers and customer perspectives, and to determine whether gender and age factors affect older tourist opinions of customer service. Design/methodology/approach – The authors interviewed 13 experts in the hot spring hotel industry and more than 469 hot spring hotel visitors who are over 50 years of age. Content validity and homogeneity reliability as proposed by Aiken were used to confirm customer service factors. This study uses the verbal-linguistic evaluation to assess customer service factors and each service item associated with these factors. Findings – Eight crucial customer service factors, from high to low, are personnel services, environments, healthy diet, relaxation, health promotion treatments, experience of unique tourism resources, social activities, and mental learning. Research limitations/implications – This study implicated allocation and management of input resources as the service.
The proteome of Saccharomyces cerevisiae mitochondria

We performed a comprehensive approach to determine the proteome of Saccharomyces cerevisiae mitochondria. The proteins of highly pure yeast mitochondria were separated by several independent methods and analyzed by tandem MS. From >20 million MS spectra, 750 different proteins were identified, indicating an involvement of mitochondria in numerous cellular processes. All known components of the oxidative phosphorylation machinery, the tricarboxylic acid cycle, and the stable mitochondria-encoded proteins were found. Based on the mitochondrial proteins described in the literature so far, we calculate that the identified proteins represent ≈90% of all mitochondrial proteins. The function of a quarter of the identified proteins is unknown. The mitochondrial proteome will provide an important database for the analysis of new mitochondrial and mitochondria-associated functions and the characterization of mitochondrial diseases.
Teaming up with parents to support inclusive recreation

For over a dozen years, recreation professionals have been exploring new ways to include people with disabilities in community recreation settings. Yet, in many towns, cities and rural areas across the country, the impetus for inclusion continues to originate from parents of children with disabilities who must "knock on doors" in an effort to acquire access for their children. The isolation and frustration that many parents feel when advocating for inclusive services is evident in the stories they tell of prejudice and of the denial of their children's right to participation.
Inhibitory effect of annexin I on synovial inflammation in rat adjuvant arthritis.

OBJECTIVE Annexin I is an endogenous antiinflammatory mediator, expressed in rheumatoid arthritis (RA) synovium, the contribution of which to autoregulation of the synovial inflammatory response has not been examined in models of RA. We investigated the antiinflammatory role of annexin I in rat adjuvant arthritis. METHODS Rats with adjuvant-induced arthritis (AIA) were treated with a specific anti-annexin I monoclonal antibody (mAb), isotype control IgG, and/or dexamethasone. Clinical outcomes and synovial synthesis of tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNFalpha), prostaglandin E2 (PGE2), and nitric oxide were examined, and annexin I expression was assessed by flow cytometry and reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction. RESULTS Anti-annexin I mAb reversed the effects of dexamethasone on the clinical features of AIA and exacerbated AIA in the absence of exogenous glucocorticoid. Clinical exacerbation of AIA by anti-annexin I mAb was accompanied by significantly increased synovial TNFalpha and PGE2, suggesting that annexin I tonically inhibits the production of these mediators. Anti-annexin I mAb treatment was associated with significantly reduced leukocyte intracellular annexin I, despite increased annexin I messenger RNA expression, consistent with a depletion effect of extracellular mAb via the cell surface. CONCLUSION Annexin I is a key endogenous inhibitory mediator of arthritis via mechanisms that include inhibition of cytokine and effector molecule production. Moreover, a synthesis-independent depletion of intracellular annexin I by extracellular antibody supports the hypothesis that externalization of annexin I is involved in its mode of action.
Comparison of Caretaker Report and Hands-On Neurodevelopmental Screening in High-Risk Infants

Caretaker report in developmental screening of high-risk infants has not been investigated adequately. We compare a caretaker-completed neurodevelopmental prescreening questionnaire (NPQ) to a hands-on screener (Bayley Infant Neurodevelopmental Screener; BINS) and attempt to identify factors that influence agreement in a high-risk sample. From 1,436 infants drawn from 5 centers, 471 were prospectively evaluated at 6-months corrected age, 376 at 12-months, and 244 at 24-months. Fifty-five percent were male; 28% African American, 70% Caucasian, 3% other; M gestational age = 31.2 weeks, M birth weight = 1568 g. Caretakers completed the NPQ (based on the BINS) while watching a video depicting infants engaged in items. The BINS was subsequently administered. Sensitivity ranged from 80%–91%, specificity 57%–82%, and overall agreement 70%–83%, depending on age. Mean NPQ summary scores were lower than the BINS. Agreement varied depending on BINS risk status, being best in the high-risk group, and worst in the moderate risk group. Background variables had minimal impact at 6 and 12 months with BINS risk status being the primary influence; at 24-months, race, intraventricular hemorrhage, and respiratory distress syndrome were influential. Caretaker report is useful in a high-risk population, although the infant's neurodevelopmental status influences such early on; ethnic background and biomedical variables become more important at 2 years.
Understanding Technology Transfer Effectiveness in Japanese Organizations: A Test of Contingency Theory

ABSTRACT This paper describes an empirical test of the Teasley and Robinson (2005) model of knowledge-based innovation within large multinational organizations. The test utilized a data sample of product development teams located in Japanese RD Hambrick & Cannella, 2004; Lin & Germain, 2003; Burton, Lauridsen & Obel, 2002). Contingency theories posit that organizations or work units are most effective when their structure is aligned to particular elements of their contextual environment. Although contingency perspectives are less prominent today than during earlier stages of organization theory (Woodward, 1958; Aken & Hage, 1971; Lawrence & Lorsch, 1967), recent perspectives portray learning organizations as information processing systems operating in the spirit of classical and contingency design (Sankar, 2003; Teasley & Robinson, 2005). Within these perspectives, it is the alignment between information systems and their shifting contextual conditions that impacts dependent constructs such as knowledge creation or technology transfer. Innovative or entrepreneurial organizations are those that accumulate knowledge through adjusting their information processing subsystems to the dynamics of their operational settings. A compelling representation of technology transfer effectiveness models knowledge-based entrepreneurship within the information processing archetype (Teasley & Robinson, 2005). The authors argue that fashionable notions of "learning organizations" and "knowledge-based competencies" can derive appropriate theoretical roots from the more seminal views of contingency researchers. Their research develops these theoretical arguments though construction of an information processing contingency model to explain entrepreneurship and innovation within teambased organizations. The model is articulated to demonstrate a cultural proclivity for knowledgebased entrepreneurship as exhibited within the traditions of Japanese technology transfer. This article describes a test of the Teasley and Robinson model within a sample of Japanese multinational product development teams. It reviews the technology transfer model and its relevant contingency hypotheses. The review is followed by a description of the sample and the methodology used for testing the model. Results are presented and also a discussion of the findings. The concluding section describes implications of the study and suggested directions for additional research. THEORETICAL BACKGROUND Technology transfer occurs wherever systematic, rational knowledge developed by one group or institution is embodied in ways of doing things by other groups or institutions (Brooks, 1966). …
Randomness in neural networks: an overview

Neural networks, as powerful tools for data mining and knowledge engineering, can learn from data to build feature‐based classifiers and nonlinear predictive models. Training neural networks involves the optimization of nonconvex objective functions, and usually, the learning process is costly and infeasible for applications associated with data streams. A possible, albeit counterintuitive, alternative is to randomly assign a subset of the networks’ weights so that the resulting optimization task can be formulated as a linear least‐squares problem. This methodology can be applied to both feedforward and recurrent networks, and similar techniques can be used to approximate kernel functions. Many experimental results indicate that such randomized models can reach sound performance compared to fully adaptable ones, with a number of favorable benefits, including (1) simplicity of implementation, (2) faster learning with less intervention from human beings, and (3) possibility of leveraging overall linear regression and classification algorithms (e.g., ℓ 1 norm minimization for obtaining sparse formulations). This class of neural networks attractive and valuable to the data mining community, particularly for handling large scale data mining in real‐time. However, the literature in the field is extremely vast and fragmented, with many results being reintroduced multiple times under different names. This overview aims to provide a self‐contained, uniform introduction to the different ways in which randomization can be applied to the design of neural networks and kernel functions. A clear exposition of the basic framework underlying all these approaches helps to clarify innovative lines of research, open problems, and most importantly, foster the exchanges of well‐known results throughout different communities. WIREs Data Mining Knowl Discov 2017, 7:e1200. doi: 10.1002/widm.1200
The Problem of Common Land: Towards Stakeholder Governance

This paper examines the current governance of common land with the intention of updating a story last examined in detail in studies in the late 1980s. In addition, the paper draws on recent conceptualizations of stakeholders and governance. A brief history of common land shows that governance systems are highly localized and dependent on custom and practice. Such a dependence suggests the need for governance which is based on the incorporation of stakeholders using consensus building approaches. The paper suggests that local governance systems are crucial to the successful implementation of sustainable management practices but that this may be overlooked by land managers and policy makers. Consequently, comprehensive national legislation for common land is not a viable option but legislation can play a valuable role in particular circumstances. The need to give further consideration to the role of legislation and an appropriate policy framework for commons within the context of stakeholder governance is particularly important given the significance of common land for agriculture, nature conservation, landscape, heritage and recreation across England and Wales.
Vector Control, Pest Management, Resistance, Repellents Resistance Status and Resistance Mechanisms in a Strain of Aedes aegypti (Diptera: Culicidae) From Puerto Rico

Puerto Rico (PR) has a long history of vector-borne disease and insecticide-resistant Aedes aegypti (L.). Defining contributing mechanisms behind phenotypic resistance is critical for effective vector control intervention. However, previous studies from PR have each focused on only one mechanism of pyrethroid resistance. This study examines the contribution of P450-mediated enzymatic detoxification and sodium channel target site changes to the overall resistance phenotype of Ae. aegypti collected from San Juan, PR, in 2012. Screening of a panel of toxicants found broad resistance relative to the lab susceptible Orlando (ORL1952) strain. We identified significant resistance to representative Type I, Type II, and nonester pyrethroids, a sodium channel blocker, and a sodium channel blocking inhibitor, all of which interact with the sodium channel. Testing of fipronil, a chloride channel agonist, also showed low but significant levels of resistance. In contrast, the PR and ORL1952 strains were equally susceptible to chlorfenapyr, which has been suggested as an alternative public health insecticide. Molecular characterization of the strain indicated that two common sodium channel mutations were fixed in the population. Topical bioassay with piperonyl butoxide (PBO) indicated cytochrome P450-mediated detoxification accounts for approximately half of the resistance profile. Transcript expression screening of cytochrome P450s and glutathione-S-transferases identified the presence of overexpressed transcripts. This study of Puerto Rican Ae. aegypti with significant contributions from both genetic changes and enzymatic detoxification highlights the necessity of monitoring for resistance but also defining the multiple resistance mechanisms to inform effective mosquito control.