Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
IRAS images of nearby dark clouds

We have investigated approximately 100 nearby molecular clouds using the extensive, all-sky database of IRAS. The clouds in this study cover a wide range of physical properties including visual extinction, size, mass, degree of isolation, homogeneity and morphology. IRAS 100 and 60 micron co-added images were used to calculate the 100 micron optical depth of dust in the clouds. These images of dust optical depth compare very well with (12)CO and (13)CO observations, and can be related to H2 column density. From the optical depth images we locate the edges of dark clouds and the dense cores inside them. We have identified a total of 43 `IRAS clouds' (regions with A(sub v) greater than 2) which contain a total of 255 `IRAS cores' (regions with A(sub v) greater than 4) and we catalog their physical properties. We find that the clouds are remarkably filamentary, and that the cores within the clouds are often distributed along the filaments. The largest cores are usually connected to other large cores by filaments. We have developed selection criteria to search the IRAS Point Source Catalog for stars that are likely to be associated with the clouds and we catalog the IRAS sources in each cloud or core. Optically visible stars associated with the clouds have been identified from the Herbig and Bell catalog. From these data we characterize the physical properties of the clouds including their star-formation efficiency.
Screening Factors for Nuclear Reactions. 11. Intermediate Screen-Ing and Astrophysical Applications

The theory of intermediate screening is developed from the cluster expansion for the screening function. This systematic perturabation technique is used to extend weak-screening theory analytically to higher order in the scrcening parameters, and is solved numerically to yield screening-function data for intermediate and strong screening regions. for both the one-component system, equal charge reactions, and the two-component system in the form of 10 mixtures of low-Z elements, the resultant intermediate-screening function is shown to obey a simple power-law dependence on the screening parameter, H12(0) xf(z/sub i/) LAMBDA /sub 12/ sup b/, where b=0.860. This result is found to be equivalent to the general screening function presented in Paper I. The new screening thceory is studied in relation to various astrophysical situations. Three areas are found where screen~ng effects may produce quantitative changes in evolutionary star models: minimum mass limits for H, D, He, C, and 0 main sequences; the structure and extent of flash events in red-giant interiors; and the strength of detonations in degenerate carbon and oxygen cores. This latter case may require screening-factor increases of two orders of magnitude. (auth)
An investigation of the sources of summertime haze in the Blue Ridge Mountains using multivariate statistical methods

Abstract Multivariate statistical analyses are employed to identify the source areas of the fine particulates and sulfate, which are the primary components of summer haze in the Blue Ridge Mountains of Virginia. These analyses include principal component analysis followed by stepwise multiple regression analysis. The results indicate that most of the fine particles and sulfates originate in the Midwest. The most important factor for both parameters is the residence time of the air parcels over the Midwest. The results also indicate that the sulfate is formed by photochemically initiated reactions. Production of organic aerosols from natural hydrocarbon emissions is also identified as a minor source of fine particles in the Blue Ridge Mountains area.
Pacific northwest vowels: A Seattle neighborhood dialect study

According to current literature a large region encompassing nearly the entire west half of the U.S. belongs to one dialect region referred to as Western, which furthermore, according to Labov et al., ‘‘. has developed a characteristic but not unique phonology. ’’ [http://www.ling. upenn.edu/phono—atlas/NationalMap/NationalMap.html] This paper will describe the vowel space of a set of Pacific Northwest American English speakers native to the Ballard neighborhood of Seattle, Wash. based on the acoustical analysis of high‐quality Marantz CDR 300 recordings. Characteristics, such as low back merger and [u] fronting will be compared to findings by other studies. It is hoped that these recordings will contribute to a growing number of corpora of North American English dialects. All participants were born in Seattle and began their residence in Ballard between ages 0–8. They were recorded in two styles of speech: individually reading repetitions of a word list containing one token each of 10 vowels within carrier phrases, and in casual conversation for 40 min with a partner matched in age, gender, and social mobility. The goal was to create a compatible data set for comparison with current acoustic studies. F1 and F2 and vowel duration from LPC spectral analysis will be presented.
Fault diagnosis of rolling bearings based on Marginal Fisher analysis

Feature extraction plays an important role in fault diagnosis. It is critical to extract the representative features for improving the classification performance. An intelligent fault diagnosis method based on Marginal Fisher analysis (MFA) is put forward and applied to rolling bearings. The high-dimensional features in time-domain, frequency-domain and wavelet-domain are extracted from the raw vibration signals to obtain rich faulty information. Subsequently, MFA excavates the underlying low-dimensional fault characteristics embedded in the high-dimensional feature space by preserving local manifold structure. Thus, the optimal low-dimensional features are obtained to characterize the various fault conditions of rolling bearings and finally fed into the simplest k-nearest neighbor classifier to recognize different fault categories. The diagnosis results validate the feasibility and effectiveness of the proposed fault diagnosis method, compared with the other three similar approaches.
Mid-infrared spectroscopy of UV irradiated hydrogenated amorphous carbon materials

Context. Mid-infrared (MIR) bands are characteristic for the short-range and medium-range structure of hydrogenated amorphous carbon (HAC) materials that exist in the interstellar medium (ISM) and are sensitive to processing in the harsh interstellar radiation field. Aims. We study the variability of the MIR features from the spectrum of non-processed to that of UV-processed HAC materials and compare them to spectra of interstellar carbonaceous materials. Methods. Nano-sized HAC materials produced by laser ablation were irradiated by vacuum-UV photons with doses comparable to those relevant for interstellar processing. They were subsequently analyzed by IR spectroscopy. Results. In the MIR range, the spectra of HAC materials show many absorption bands such as the sp 3 aliphatic ≡C-H stretching vibration at 3.03 μm, the sp 3 aliphatic -C-H stretching vibration at 3.4 μ ma nd also the sp 3 aliphatic C-H bending vibration at both 6.85 μm and 7.25 μm. All these are recognizable bands of HAC materials. Other absorption bands such as the sp 2 aromatic =C-H stretching vibration at about 3.3 μ ma nd the sp 2 -C=C stretching vibration close to 6.25 μm are observed. The HAC materials also possess bands which represent the aromatic out-of-plane bending at 11.65, 12.46 and 12.9 μm in addition to the aromatic -C-C-C in-plane bending at 15.87 μm. With UV irradiation, the mass absorption coefficient of the 3.03 μm band completely disappears and that of the aliphatic C-H bands (3.4, 6.85 and 7.25 μm) decreases. This reduction shows that the UV radiation destroys most of the aliphatic C-H bonds inside the HAC structure. On the other hand, the strength of the aromatic 6.2 μm band increases, which is evidence of the partial graphitization within UV-irradiated HAC materials. Because UV irradiation is not uniform, this band agrees well with the C-class PAH toward HD 100764. The C-H out-of-plane vibration bands are strongly affected by UV irradiation. Bands at 11.35, 12.14 and 12.64 μm (solo, duo and trio, respectively), which are found for PAHs of many interstellar spectra were observed partially and were compared to those of non-processed materials, in particular, those at 11.35 μm, which represent the aromatic structures. Conclusions. UV irradiation has a variable effect on both aliphatic and aromatic bands in the MIR region. The aliphatic C-H structure decreases while the aromatic C=C structure, which might lead to the graphitic colonies for PAHs, increases. UV irradiation has revealed solo, duo and trio bands that are relatively consistent with those of the A- and B-class PAHs.
Optical magnetism in metal nanoforests

We discuss the optical properties metal nanoforests - a composite metamaterial in which silver nanowires are aligned inside a finite-thickness dielectric host medium. Using finite-element modelling and a self-consistent extraction of effective-medium parameters, we find that this structure can enable an effective optical diamagnetic response that is orders of magnitude stronger compared to that of naturally occurring diamagnetic materials. Our analysis reveals that there is a frequency region where the nanoforest exhibits strong diamagnetic response while simultaneously allowing for high transmission of incident electromagnetic waves. Our analysis shows that the phenomena are robust to the presence of disorder, in the occurrence of which it can still facilitate high figure-of-merit diamagnetic responses.
In vivo determination of doxorubicin and its metabolites within the skin using laser scanning microscopy

Much research in medicine is focused on the development of antitumoral therapies. The encapsulation of the active single chemotherapy agent doxorubicin in highly stable Stealth® liposomes can cause dominant and dose-limiting mucocutaneous reactions, such as the hand-foot syndrome. The aim of the present study was to determine the kinetic and localization of doxorubicin or its metabolites within the skin in vivo. Therefore, a laser scanning microscope was used to excite and detect the fluorescence of these compounds. The approach was tested on porcine skin after topical application of the agent prior to measurement. Subsequently, the laser scanning microscope was used to study skin areas mainly affected by the hand-foot syndrome on a patient who had undergone a therapy with the encapsulated doxorubicin (Caelyx®). Fluorescence was detected on the skin surface of the axilla, on the forehead inside furrows and the sebaceous glands (1 h after commencement of the treatment) and within the skin of the sole and the palm (2 h after beginning the injection). These signals were determined for up to 3.5 h. The results obtained indicate that both the sweat glands and sebaceous glands function as pathways for the release of doxorubicin or its metabolites. The described method opens the possibility for further studies to develop and test prevention strategies against the hand-foot syndrome.
Experimental investigation of Marangoni convection in aqueous LiBr solution with additives

The most crucial and expensive component in commercial absorption machines is the absorber where the refrigerant vapor is absorbed into the absorbent solution. The absorption performance can be improved by mechanical or chemical means. As the mechanical means, efficient heat transfer mechanisms, such as falling film or bubble-type modes, are suggested by using enhanced surfaces. As the chemical means, the performance of heat and mass transfer has been significantly enhanced by adding heat transfer additives to the working solution pairs. A small addition of heat transfer additives causes interfacial turbulence by the Marangoni effect, leading to a higher heat and mass transfer performance. It is generally known that Marangoni convection is caused by the surface tension gradient that is originated from the concentration and temperature dependence of the surface tension. The primary objective of this paper is to establish a general model on the onset of Marangoni convection based on experimental results. The experimental data of the surface tension and interfacial tension of aqueous LiBr solution with heat transfer additives are provided. The effects of the LiBr concentration, the additive concentration, and the solution temperature on the surface tension and interfacial tension gradients are studied and compared quantitatively.
ASYMPTOTIC CHOW SEMI-STABILITY AND INTEGRAL INVARIANTS

We define a family of integral invariants containing those which are closely related to asymptotic Chow semi-stability of polarized manifolds. It also contains an obstruction to the existence of Kahler–Einstein metrics and its natural extensions by the author, Calabi and Bando as Kahlerian invariants and by Morita and the author as invariant polynomials of the automorphism groups of compact complex manifolds.
Regression methods for high dimensional multicollinear data

To compare their performance on high dimensional data, several regression methods are applied to data sets in which the number of exploratory variables greatly exceeds the sample sizes. The methods are stepwise regression, principal components regression, two forms of latent root regression, partial least squares, and a new method developed here. The data are four sample sets for which near infrared reflectance spectra have been determined and the regression methods use the spectra to estimate the concentration of various chemical constituents, the latter having been determined by standard chemical analysis. Thirty-two regression equations are estimated using each method and their performances are evaluated using validation data sets. Although it is the most widely used, stepwise regression was decidedly poorer than the other methods considered. Differences between the latter were small with partial least squares performing slightly better than other methods under all criteria examined, albeit not by a statistically significant amount.
A note on POD model reduction methods for DAEs

We review some known results for proper orthogonal decomposition (POD) model order reduction applied to ordinary differential equations (ODEs). Then, these results are generalized for several types of differential-algebraic equations (DAEs). We provide algorithms for the model reduction and error bounds for the reduced-order models. Some limits of the approach are pointed out and alternative methods for reduced-order subspace approximation are presented. The POD approach is tested and evaluated for a medium-sized DAE example from multi-body dynamics.
Improved stability of a phase change memory device using Ge-doped SbTe at varying ambient temperature

Ge-doped SbTe (Ge–ST) was compared with Ge2Sb2Te5 (GST) for its potential use in the phase-change memory with improved stability at varying ambient temperature (TA). Device characteristics such as RESET current, RESET resistance, and SET resistance of Ge–ST devices were found to vary significantly less with TA than those of GST devices. From measured carrier density, mobility, and optical band gaps, these findings are interpreted to derive from a metallic nature of the crystalline Ge–ST in contrast with a semiconducting nature of the crystalline GST as well as a relatively weaker covalent bonding in amorphous Ge–ST.
Early TU Split Termination in HEVC Based on Quasi-Zero-Block

The new introduced concept, transform tree or residual quadtree (RQT) in HEVC standard, brings high coding performance along with high computational complexity because the optimal TU partition is estimated in a ratedistortion sense at the encoder sides by testing all kinds of partitions. This paper focus on early TU split termination in terms of the tradeoff between computation and coding quality. An early TU split termination scheme based on quasi-zeroblock (QZB) is proposed, which is defined by two aspects about the quantized transform coefficients; the sum of all absolute coefficients and the number of nonzero coefficients. Besides, the selective probability of every TU depth is calculated and analyzed. Experimental results show that the proposed method (HM-QZB) could achieve 22.8% reduction in encoding time and 50.59% reduction in TU processing time compared to the HEVC test model HM10.0 encoder with about 0.04dB BDPSNR loss in coding performance. Keywords-HEVC; early termination; TU split; residual quadtree (RQT); quasi-zero-block (QZB)
A method for combining passive microwave and infrared rainfall observations

Abstract Passive microwave observations of rainfall offer the ability to obtain very accurate instantaneous estimates of rainfall. Because passive microwave instruments are confined to polar-orbiting satellites, however, such estimates must interpolate across long time periods, during which no measurements are available. In this paper the authors discuss a technique that allows one to partially overcome the sampling limitations by using frequent infrared observations from geosynchronous platforms. To accomplish this, the technique compares all coincident microwave and infrared observations. From each coincident pair, the infrared temperature threshold is selected that corresponds to an area equal to the raining area observed in the microwave image. The mean conditional rainfall rate as determined from the microwave image is then assigned to pixels in the infrared image that are colder than the selected threshold. The calibration is also applied to a fixed threshold of 235 K for comparison with established.
A Galilean invariant explicit algebraic Reynolds stress model for turbulent curved flows

A Galilean invariant weak-equilibrium turbulence hypothesis that is sensitive to streamline curvature is proposed. The hypothesis leads to a fully explicit algebraic expression for Reynolds stress in terms of the mean velocity field and kinetic energy and dissipation of turbulence. The model is tested in curved homogeneous shear flow which is a homogeneous idealization of the circular streamline flow. The agreement is excellent with Reynolds stress closure model and adequate with available experimental data.
Star formation in rotating, magnetized molecular disks

The discovery of dense, rotating molecular disks associated with protostars and bipolar outflows suggests that massive (M/sub d/approx.10/sup 1.5/ M/sub sun/) objects have not shed their excessive (happrox.10/sup 22/ cm/sup 2/ s/sup -1/) angular momentum by the time protostellar activity begins. This paper presents a theory for star formation in rotating disks in which accretion onto the protostellar core produces FUV radiation which heats the disk surfaces out to large radii. A hydromagnetic wind results in which heated gas is driven out along field lines which thread the disk and are aligned with the disk rotation axis. For accretion luminosities of 4 x 10/sup 37/ ergs s/sup -1/, a highly ionized flow inside 10/sup 15/ cm with M/sub ion/ up to 10/sup -6/ M/sub sun/ yr/sup -1/ is expected, and a much more massive, neutral component carrying M/sub w/ = 10/sup 22/ g s/sup -1/ from disk radii r>10/sup 15/ cm. Terminal wind speeds of 50 km s/sup -1/ are achieved in this bipolar outflow. The centrifugally driven wind removes angular momentum from the disk at rates high enough to brake it down to protostellar specific values in 10/sup 5/ yr. The wind drives an accretion rate through the diskmore » at rates which are consistent with the accretion luminosity. This global analysis of star formation in a rotating, magnetized disk offers a unifying scheme for understanding both star formation and bipolar outflows. The disks are ''flywheels'' that store rotational energy which is released at a rate dictated self-consistently by the rate at which accretion onto the central protostellar core occurs. The disks in which massive stars form are predicted to be dense (10/sup 8/ cm/sup -3/) and have rotation speeds of 4 km s /sup -1/, scales of order 5 x 10/sup 16/ cm, masses of order 10/sup 2/ M/sub sun/, and axial ratios of 0.2. « less
Discriminating dysarthria type and predicting intelligibility from amplitude modulation spectra.

Subtypes of dysarthria are often described in terms of particular disruptions in speech rhythms. In an attempt to quantify these differences, the envelope modulation spectrum (EMS) was computed on sentences read by speakers with hypokinetic, hyperkinetic, ataxic, and mixed flaccid‐spastic dysarthria, and a group of normal speakers (43 speakers total). The EMS consists of the spectra of the slow‐rate (up to 10 Hz) amplitude modulations of the full signal and within seven octave bands ranging in center frequency from 125–8000 Hz. From these spectra, six variables were calculated for each band relating to the peak frequency and amplitude and the relative energy above, below, and in the region of 4 Hz. According to stepwise discriminant analysis, six of these EMS variables could correctly discriminate speaker group membership with an accuracy of 84% (better performance was obtained for distinguishing individual groups). Further, 85% of the variance in the intelligibility of the dysarthric speakers (derived from a separate set of sentences) was predictable from a subset of six of these variables. These results suggest that there are reliable perturbations of speech temporal patterns associated with dysarthria subtypes and that these perturbations play an important role in intelligibility. [Work supported by NIH‐NIDCD. ]
Eight-bandk⋅pmodel of strained zinc-blende crystals

La theorie des perturbations de second ordre de Lowdin est utilisee pour calculer les matrices d'interaction d'un modele k.p a huit bandes de ces cristaux sous contrainte uniforme. Le modele inclut les interactions de deformation provenant des termes d'orbitales et d'interaction spin-orbite de l'hamiltonien. Deux nouvelles constantes de potentiel de deformation s'ajoutent a celles de Pikus-Bir et decrivent le couplage de la bande de conduction a la deformation
Optoacoustic spectroscopic imaging of radiolucent foreign bodies

One of the leading causes of medical malpractice claims in emergency medicine is the misdiagnosis of the presence of foreign bodies. Radiolucent foreign bodies are especially difficult to differentiate from surrounding soft tissue, gas, and bone. Current imaging modalities employed for the detection of foreign bodies include: X-ray computed tomography, magnetic resonance, and ultrasound; however, there is no consensus as to which modality is optimal for diagnosis. Because many radiolucent foreign bodies have sufficient contrast for imaging in the optical domain, we are exploring the use of laser-induced optoacoustic imaging for the detection of foreign bodies, especially in craniofacial injuries, in which the foreign bodies are likely to lie within the penetration depth of visible and near infrared wavelengths. Tissue-simulating phantoms containing various common foreign bodies have been constructed. Images of these phantoms have been successfully generated using two laser-based optoacoustic imaging methods with different detection modalities. In order to enhance the image contrast, common foreign bodies are being scanned over a wide range of wavelengths to obtain the spectroscopic properties of the materials commonly associated with these foreign bodies. This spectroscopic characterization will help select specific wavelengths to be used for imaging specific objects and provide useful diagnostic data about the material properties of the object.
Hypervirial theorem and parameter differentiation: Closed formulation for harmonic oscillator integrals

A simple method has been developed to generate a closed formula for the calculation of matrix elements of arbitrary functions f(x) in the representation of the harmonic oscillator. The proposed algebraic procedure is based on the combined use of the hypervirial theorem with and without the second quantization formalism along with the parameter differentiation technique. The closed formula thus obtained is given in terms of a sum involving the jth derivative of f(x) evaluated at zero.