Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
BSVM: A Banded Suport Vector Machine

We describe a novel binary classification technique called Banded SVM (B-SVM). In the standard C-SVM formulation of Cortes et al. (1995), the decision rule is encouraged to lie in the interval [1, \infty]. The new B-SVM objective function contains a penalty term that encourages the decision rule to lie in a user specified range [\rho_1, \rho_2]. In addition to the standard set of support vectors (SVs) near the class boundaries, B-SVM results in a second set of SVs in the interior of each class.
Minimally Supervised Morphological Analysis by Multimodal Alignment

This paper presents a corpus-based algorithm capable of inducing inflectional morphological analyses of both regular and highly irregular forms (such as brought→bring) from distributional patterns in large monolingual text with no direct supervision. The algorithm combines four original alignment models based on relative corpus frequency, contextual similarity, weighted string similarity and incrementally retrained inflectional transduction probabilities. Starting with no paired examples for training and no prior seeding of legal morphological transformations, accuracy of the induced analyses of 3888 past-tense test cases in English exceeds 99.2% for the set, with currently over 80% accuracy on the most highly irregular forms and 99.7% accuracy on forms exhibiting non-concatenative suffixation.
The hitchhiker’s guide to the voltage-gated sodium channel galaxy

Eukaryotic voltage-gated sodium (Nav) channels contribute to the rising phase of action potentials and served as an early muse for biophysicists laying the foundation for our current understanding of electrical signaling. Given their central role in electrical excitability, it is not surprising that (a) inherited mutations in genes encoding for Nav channels and their accessory subunits have been linked to excitability disorders in brain, muscle, and heart; and (b) Nav channels are targeted by various drugs and naturally occurring toxins. Although the overall architecture and behavior of these channels are likely to be similar to the more well-studied voltage-gated potassium channels, eukaryotic Nav channels lack structural and functional symmetry, a notable difference that has implications for gating and selectivity. Activation of voltage-sensing modules of the first three domains in Nav channels is sufficient to open the channel pore, whereas movement of the domain IV voltage sensor is correlated with inactivation. Also, structure–function studies of eukaryotic Nav channels show that a set of amino acids in the selectivity filter, referred to as DEKA locus, is essential for Na+ selectivity. Structures of prokaryotic Nav channels have also shed new light on mechanisms of drug block. These structures exhibit lateral fenestrations that are large enough to allow drugs or lipophilic molecules to gain access into the inner vestibule, suggesting that this might be the passage for drug entry into a closed channel. In this Review, we will synthesize our current understanding of Nav channel gating mechanisms, ion selectivity and permeation, and modulation by therapeutics and toxins in light of the new structures of the prokaryotic Nav channels that, for the time being, serve as structural models of their eukaryotic counterparts.
Collateral Score Complements Clot Location in Predicting the Outcome of Intravenous Thrombolysis

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Collateral circulation is an important determinant of stroke outcome. We studied the impact of leptomeningeal collateral circulation with respect to the location of the thrombus in predicting the clinical outcome of patients treated with intravenous thrombolytic therapy (<3 hours) in a retrospective cohort. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Anterior circulation thrombus was detected with CT angiography in 105 patients. Baseline clinical and imaging information was collected, and the site of the occlusion was recorded. Collaterals were assessed by using a 5-grade collateral score and were entered into logistic regression analysis to predict favorable clinical outcome (3-month modified Rankin Scale score of 0–2). RESULTS: Two-thirds of patients with a proximal occlusion displayed poor collateral filling (collateral score 0–1), whereas in more distal clot locations, approximately one-third had poor collaterals. Only 36% of patients with a proximal occlusion and good collaterals experienced favorable clinical outcome. In multivariate analysis, both clot location and collateral score were highly significant (P = .003 and P = .001) and independent predictors of favorable clinical outcome. Good collateral status increased the odds of favorable clinical outcome about 9-fold (OR = 9.3; 95% CI, 2.4–35.8). After dichotomization, a distal clot location had a larger odds ratio (OR = 13.3; 95% CI, 3.0–60.0) compared with the odds ratio of good collaterals (OR = 5.9; 95% CI, 1.8–19.0). CONCLUSIONS: A proximal occlusion in the anterior circulation is associated with poorer collateral status compared with a more distal occlusion. Both the clot location and collateral score are important and independent predictors of favorable clinical outcome of hyperacute stroke treated with intravenous thrombolysis. The location of the clot is a stronger determinant of the outcome than the collateral score.
Inhibition of Respiration by Nitric Oxide Induces a Mycobacterium tuberculosis Dormancy Program

An estimated two billion persons are latently infected with Mycobacterium tuberculosis. The host factors that initiate and maintain this latent state and the mechanisms by which M. tuberculosis survives within latent lesions are compelling but unanswered questions. One such host factor may be nitric oxide (NO), a product of activated macrophages that exhibits antimycobacterial properties. Evidence for the possible significance of NO comes from murine models of tuberculosis showing progressive infection in animals unable to produce the inducible isoform of NO synthase and in animals treated with a NO synthase inhibitor. Here, we show that O2 and low, nontoxic concentrations of NO competitively modulate the expression of a 48-gene regulon, which is expressed in vivo and prepares bacilli for survival during long periods of in vitro dormancy. NO was found to reversibly inhibit aerobic respiration and growth. A heme-containing enzyme, possibly the terminal oxidase in the respiratory pathway, likely senses and integrates NO and O2 levels and signals the regulon. These data lead to a model postulating that, within granulomas, inhibition of respiration by NO production and O2 limitation constrains M. tuberculosis replication rates in persons with latent tuberculosis.
Multi-agent Coordination using Reinforcement Learning with a Relay Agent

This paper focuses on distributed reinforcement learning in cooperative multi-agent systems, where several simultaneously and independently acting agents have to perform a common foraging task. To do that, a novel cooperative action selection strategy and a new kind of agents, called ”relay agent”, are proposed. The conducted simulation tests indicate that our proposals improve coordination between learners and are extremely efficient in terms of cooperation in large, unknown and stationary environments.
Crypto-Nets: Neural Networks over Encrypted Data

The problem we address is the following: how can a user employ a predictive model that is held by a third party, without compromising private information. For example, a hospital may wish to use a cloud service to predict the readmission risk of a patient. However, due to regulations, the patient's medical files cannot be revealed. The goal is to make an inference using the model, without jeopardizing the accuracy of the prediction or the privacy of the data. To achieve high accuracy, we use neural networks, which have been shown to outperform other learning models for many tasks. To achieve the privacy requirements, we use homomorphic encryption in the following protocol: the data owner encrypts the data and sends the ciphertexts to the third party to obtain a prediction from a trained model. The model operates on these ciphertexts and sends back the encrypted prediction. In this protocol, not only the data remains private, even the values predicted are available only to the data owner. Using homomorphic encryption and modifications to the activation functions and training algorithms of neural networks, we show that it is protocol is possible and may be feasible. This method paves the way to build a secure cloud-based neural network prediction services without invading users' privacy.
A comparison between the axial flux and the radial flux structures for PM synchronous motors

The aim of the paper is the comparison of the axial flux (AF) structures versus the conventional radial flux (RF) structures for PM synchronous motors. The comparison procedure is based on simple thermal considerations. Two motor typologies are chosen and compared in terms of delivered electromagnetic torque. The comparison is developed for different motor dimensions and the pole number influence is put into evidence. The paper reports the complete comparison procedure and the related results analysis. The obtained results show that, when the axial length is very short and the pole number is high, axial flux motors can be an attractive alternative to conventional radial flux solutions.
Joint Signal and Interference Alignment in Two-Way Relay Communications

In this paper, we study the application of physical layer network coding (PNC) and interference alignment scheme to the joint design of uplink and downlink transmissions, where the base station (BS), the mobile stations (MSs) and the relays all have multiple antennas. Leveraging from the interference alignment and physical-layer network coding, a joint signal and interference alignment scheme is proposed, where uplink and downlink communications can be accomplished within two time slots. Since here two relays share the same spectrum to assist the data transmission, co- channel interference (CI) would be induced and the communication reliability would be deteriorated. To address this challenge, precoding matrices at the BS, the MS's, and relays have been carefully designed to ensure the removal of CI. Additionally, the received signals from BS and MSs are mixed and broadcasted to BS and MSs at the next time duration. Simulation results also demonstrate the performance of the proposed joint signal and interference alignment scheme.
Communication-Efficient Distributed Primal-Dual Algorithm for Saddle Point Problem

Primal-dual algorithms, which are proposed to solve reformulated convex-concave saddle point problems, have been proven to be effective for solving a generic class of convex optimization problems, especially when the problems are ill-conditioned. However, the saddle point problem still lacks a distributed optimization framework where primal-dual algorithms can be employed. In this paper, we propose a novel communication-efﬁcient distributed optimization framework to solve the convex-concave saddle point problem based on primal-dual methods. We carefully de-sign local subproblems and a central problem such that our proposed distributed optimization framework is communication-efﬁcient. We provide a convergence analysis of our proposed algorithm, and extend it to address non-smooth and non-strongly convex loss functions. We conduct extensive experiments on several real-world datasets to demonstrate competitive performance of the proposed method, especially on ill-conditioned problems.
A 0.6V CMOS low noise amplifier for 2.4GHz application

A low voltage CMOS low noise amplifier (LNA) for 2.4GHz application is presented in this paper. A folded cascode structure is employed to reduce the supply voltage. The supply voltage is only 0.6V. The proposed circuit is simulated by Agilent ADS with tsmc 0.18mum RF model. At 2.4GHz, the noise figure (NF) is 1.56dB and the power gain is 13.8dB
The uterine and vascular actions of estetrol delineate a distinctive profile of estrogen receptor α modulation, uncoupling nuclear and membrane activation

Estetrol (E4) is a natural estrogen with a long half‐life produced only by the human fetal liver during pregnancy. The crystal structures of the estrogen receptor α (ERα) ligand‐binding domain bound to 17β‐estradiol (E2) and E4 are very similar, as well as their capacity to activate the two activation functions AF‐1 and AF‐2 and to recruit the coactivator SRC3. In vivo administration of high doses of E4 stimulated uterine gene expression, epithelial proliferation, and prevented atheroma, three recognized nuclear ERα actions. However, E4 failed to promote endothelial NO synthase activation and acceleration of endothelial healing, two processes clearly dependent on membrane‐initiated steroid signaling (MISS). Furthermore, E4 antagonized E2 MISS‐dependent effects in endothelium but also in MCF‐7 breast cancer cell line. This profile of ERα activation by E4, uncoupling nuclear and membrane activation, characterizes E4 as a selective ER modulator which could have medical applications that should now be considered further.
Wintertime Residential Biomass Burning in Las Vegas, Nevada; Marker Components and Apportionment Methods

We characterized residential biomass burning contributions to fine particle concentrations via multiple methods at Fyfe Elementary School in Las Vegas, Nevada, during January 2008: with levoglucosan on quartz fiber filters; with water soluble potassium (K+) measured using a particle-into-liquid system with ion chromatography (PILS-IC); and with the fragment C2H4O2+ from an Aerodyne High Resolution Aerosol Mass Spectrometer (HR-AMS). A Magee Scientific Aethalometer was also used to determine aerosol absorption at the UV (370 nm) and black carbon (BC, 880 nm) channels, where UV-BC difference is indicative of biomass burning (BB). Levoglucosan and AMS C2H4O2+ measurements were strongly correlated (r2 = 0.92); K+ correlated well with C2H4O2+ (r2 = 0.86) during the evening but not during other times. While K+ may be an indicator of BB, it is not necessarily a unique tracer, as non-BB sources appear to contribute significantly to K+ and can change from day to day. Low correlation was seen between UV-BC difference and other indicators, possibly because of an overwhelming influence of freeway emissions on BC concentrations. Given the sampling location—next to a twelve-lane freeway—urban-scale biomass burning was found to be a surprisingly large source of aerosol: overnight BB organic aerosol contributed between 26% and 33% of the organic aerosol mass.
Bridging Geometry and Semantics for Object Manipulation and Grasping

In this paper, we present our on-going work towards grasping in an object manipulation context. Our proposal is a novel method that combines a tubular feature classification algorithm, a hand grasp posture generation algorithm and an animation framework for human-object interactions. This method works on objects with tubular or elongated parts, and accepts a number of parameter inputs to control the grasp posture.
Development of Mn2O3/SiO2 nanocomposite by sol-gel route

Nanocomposite of Mn2O3/SiO2 was prepared through a base catalyst assisted insitu sol-gel process, in which Mn2O3 nanocrystals were dispersed in the silica amorphous matrix. The synthesized dried gel, at 373 K, was heat treated at different temperatures and the nanocomposite formation temperature (1023 – 1173 K) was monitored through the XRD study. The size of the dispersed Mn2O3 crystallite in the silica matrix was calculated using Scherer’s formula and size of the crystallites was found to be 30 nm. The structure and thermal behavior for the formation of nanocomposite was identified through the FTIR and TG-DTA analysis, respectively.
Clinical Features and Disability Milestones in Multiple System Atrophy and Progressive Supranuclear Palsy

Multiple system atrophy (MSA) and progressive supranuclear palsy (PSP) are an adult-onset progressive neurodegenerative disorder that are known to display diverse clinical features and disease progression. We aim to characterize the clinical features and disease progression in patients with MSA and PSP by using a number of relevant disability milestones in Koreans. Forty-one patients with MSA and 14 patients with PSP had been enrolled. The mean age at onset of MSA-C, MSA-P and PSP was 56.7 ± 7.8, 62.5 ± 8.0, 68.9 ± 6.1 years respectively. The most commonly reported symptom at disease onset is disequilibrium/dizziness in MSA-C, tremor in MSA-P and frequent falling in PSP. The mean duration of reaching milestones after disease onset in MSA-C were as followings: 20.8 (urinary incontinence), 22.9 (frequent falling), 27.8 (wheelchair bound), 31.8 (dysarthria) and 35.8 months (diagnosis). The mean duration of reaching milestones after disease onset were 22.0 (urinary incontinence), 32.6 (frequent falling and diagnosis), 41.2 (dysarthria), 61.4 months (wheelchair bound) in MSA-P and 16.8 (dysarthria), 21.6 (diagnosis), 21.7 (frequent falling), 24.0 months (wheel chair bound) in PSP. In the case of MSA, dizziness may occur for the first time. Thus, when the patient complains of non-specific dizziness, a follow-up examination to distinguish it from MSA can be helpful. There was a trend for patients with MSA-C to reach more disability milestones than in MSA-P and PSP before diagnosis. It may explain why patients with MSA-C are required more detail history taking and neurologic examination at an earlier stage.
A hierarchical goal-based formalism and algorithm for single-agent planning

Plan generation is important in a number of agent applications, but such applications generally require elaborate domain models that include not only the definitions of the actions that an agent can perform in a given domain, but also information about the most effective ways to generate plans for the agent in that domain. Such models typically take a large amount of human effort to create. To alleviate this problem, we have developed a hierarchical goal-based planning formalism and a planning algorithm, GDP (Goal-Decomposition Planner), that combines some aspects of both HTN planning and domain-independent planning. For example, it allows the planning agent to use domain-independent heuristic functions to guide the application of both methods and actions. This paper describes the formalism, planning algorithm, correctness theorems, and the results of a large experimental study. The experiments show that our planning algorithm works as well as the well-known SHOP2 HTN planner, using domain models only about half the size of SHOP2's.
Mining Attributes Patterns of Defective Modules for Object Oriented Software

Defect prediction is the process of predicting the fault prone module using some pre-mined patterns or rules. Several statistical and mathematical strategies have been used in recent past to mine these rules. However, the interpretability of these rules is the matter of concern. In real development process an expert is required to demonstrate the working of mined patterns which prevents the use of these mined patterns in software development process. Considering these facts, in this study we tried to find the combination of attribute-value pair which indicates the bug. These attribute-value pair is known as defect pattern. For defect pattern mining we used GUHA (General Unary Hypothesis Automaton) procedure which is oldest yet very powerful method of pattern mining. The basic idea of GUHA procedure is to mine the entire possible and interesting hypothesis supported by the data in predefined logical form. The experimental results show that the mined patterns can be used as a rule to identify the defective module. Moreover, the mined patterns do not suffer from the interpretability problems.
Using Propositional Calculas to Accurately Structure Control-Flow from Binary Executables

In recent years, there has been a growing need for analyst to explore inside the binary executables for the reasons of decompilation, security analysis, reverse engineering, etc. It is very helpful to recover the high-level control structure information, such as loops and conditionals, from arbitrary control-flow of low-level code.This paper presents a novel approach to structure control-flow graphs in binary executables, which are normally represented by unconditional or conditional jumps. We firstly formalize control flow information of the instructions into expressions of propositional calculus. Then the control flow information can be propagated along the execution path. At last, high-level control structures are identified and recovered through the result of calculation.
CMAPS: a cosynthesis methodology for application-oriented parallel systems

Currently, a lot of research is devoted to system design, and little work is done on requirements analysis. Besides going from specification to design, one of our main objectives is to show how an application problem can be transformed into specifications. Working from the hardware-software codesign perspective, a system is designed starting from an application problem itself, rather than the detailed behavioral specifications. Given an application problem specified as a directed acyclic graph of elementary problems, a hardware-software solution is derived such that the synthesized software, a parallel pseudoprogram, can be scheduled and executed on the synthesized software, a parallel pseudoprogram, can be scheduled and executed on the synthesized hardware, a set of system-level parallel computer specifications, with heuristically optimal performance. This is known as system-level cosynthesis of application-oriented general-purpose parallel systems for which a novel methodology called Cosynthesis Methodology for Applicaton-Oriented Parallel Systems (CMAPS), is presented. Since parallel programs and multiprocessor architectures are largely interdependent, CMAPS explores the relationship between hardware designs and software algorithms by interleaving the modeling phases and the synthesis phases of both hardware and software. High scalability in terms of problem complexity and easy upgradability to new technologies are achieved through modularization of the input problem specification, of the software algorithms, and of the hardware subsystem models. The work presented in this paper will be beneficial to designers of general-purpose parallel computer systems which must be oriented toward solving some user-specified problem such as the global controller of an industry automation process or a multiprocessor video server. Some application examples are given to illustrate various codesign phases of CMAPS and its feasibility.
A Gain-of-Function Mutation in Adenylate Cyclase 3 Protects Mice from Diet-Induced Obesity

In a screen for genes that affect the metabolic response to high-fat diet (HFD), we selected one line of N-ethyl-N-nitrosourea (ENU)-mutagenized mice, Jll, with dominantly inherited resistance to diet-induced obesity (DIO). Mutant animals had dramatically reduced body weight and fat mass, and low basal insulin and glucose levels relative to unaffected controls. Both white adipose tissue (WAT) and brown adipose tissue (BAT) depots were smaller in mutant animals. Mutant animals fed a HFD gained only slightly more weight than animals fed regular chow, and were protected from hepatic lipid accumulation. The phenotype was genetically linked to a 5.7-Mb interval on chromosome 12, and sequencing of the entire interval identified a single coding mutation, predicted to cause a methionine-to-isoleucine substitution at position 279 of the Adcy3 protein (Adcy3M279I, henceforth referred to as Adcy3Jll). The mutant protein is hyperactive, possibly constitutively so, producing elevated levels of cyclic AMP in a cell-based assay. These mice demonstrate that increased Adcy3 activity robustly protect animals from diet-induced metabolic derangements.