Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Wireless Sensor Networks: An Overview on its Security Threats

Wireless sensor networks have become a growing area of research and development due to the tremendous number of applications that can greatly benefit from such systems and has lead to the development of tiny, cheap, disposable and self contained battery powered computers, known as sensor nodes or “motes”, which can accept input from an attached sensor, process this input data and transmit the results wirelessly to the transit network. Despite making such sensor networks possible, the very wireless nature of the sensors presents a number of security threats when deployed for certain applications like military ,surveillances etc . The problem of security is due to the wireless nature of the sensor networks and constrained nature of resources on the wireless sensor nodes, which means that security architectures used for traditional wireless networks are not viable. Furthermore, wireless sensor networks have an additional vulnerability because nodes are often placed in a hostile or dangerous environment where they are not physically protected. In this paper we discuss some security threats and challenges faced by WSNs.
Evolution of Protamine Genes and Changes in Sperm Head Phenotype in Rodents1

ABSTRACT Little is known about the genetic basis of evolutionary changes in sperm phenotype. Postcopulatory sexual selection is associated with differences in protamine gene sequences and promoters and is a powerful force acting on sperm form and function, although links between protamine evolution and sperm phenotype are scarce. Protamines are involved in sperm chromatin condensation, and protamine deficiency negatively affects sperm morphology and male fertility, thus suggesting that they are important for sperm design and function. We examined changes in protamine genes and sperm phenotype in rodents to understand the role of sexual selection on protamine evolution and sperm design. We performed a genotype-phenotype association study using root-to-tip dN/dS (nonsynonymous/synonymous substitutions rate ratio) to account for evolutionary rates and phylogenetic generalized least squares analyses to compare genetic and morphometric data. Evolutionary rates of protamine 1 and the protamine 2 domain cleaved off during chromatin condensation correlated with head size and elongation. Protamine 1 exhibited restricted positive selection on some functional sites, which seemed sufficient to preserve its role in head design. The cleaved-protamine 2, whose relaxation is halted by sexual selection, seems to ensure small, elongated heads that would make sperm more competitive. No association existed between mature-protamine 2 and head phenotype, suggesting little involvement during chromatin condensation and a likely role maintaining the condensed state. Our results suggest that evolutionary changes in protamines could be related to complex developmental modifications in the sperm head. This represents an important step toward understanding the role of changes in gene coding sequences in the divergence of germ cell phenotype.
Partisan power, economic coordination and variations in vocational training systems in Europe

This article explores the variation of vocational education and training systems in European countries. From a survey of experts in 15 European countries, we develop a typology along two dimensions: employer involvement and public commitment. In a second step, we explain the variety of skill formation systems, highlighting the importance of partisan power and economic coordination. The causal argument is applied in three illustrative case studies of Germany, Sweden and the UK. In particular, we argue that a high degree of economic coordination increases the relevance of training relative to academic education. However, differences within the cluster of coordinated market economies are related to different legacies of partisan power in the post-war decades.
Measurement of Forces at the Tip of a Cochlear Implant During Insertion

An optical fiber-based sensor has been developed to measure the forces at the tip of an electrode array during insertion into the cochlea. The sensor, utilizing optical fiber Bragg grating technology, was incorporated into a custom-designed Pt-banded electrode array for guinea pigs. In vivo experiments were undertaken in which forces at the tip of the array were measured in real time during the insertion. Data were obtained for maximum insertion forces of up to 254 mN. Histology was performed on the excised cochleae with the sensors fixed in position to evaluate the level of insertion trauma. The insertion experiments demonstrated a clear correlation between the applied force and collateral tissue damage.
List making in the home

This paper presents research on the use of household lists. Drawing on an ethnographic study of mothers' work, it focuses on the centrality of paper lists in home- and child-care arrangements, and reveals that they provide a useful means for organizing the complex interrelations between a household's people, activities and tasks. However, paper lists are also shown to be poor at handling the separation, or classification, of these things. In conclusion, both these positive and negative aspects of list making are used to raise broad pointers for CSCW and system design.
Locally Repairable and Locally Regenerating Codes Obtained by Parity-Splitting of HashTag Codes

We construct an explicit family of locally repairable and locally regenerating codes whose existence was proven in a recent work by Kamath et al. about codes with local regeneration (but no explicit construction was given). This explicit family of codes is based on HashTag codes. HashTag codes are recently defined vector codes with different vector length $\alpha$ (also called a sub-packetization level) that achieve the optimal repair bandwidth of MSR codes or near-optimal repair bandwidth depending on the sub-packetization level. We applied the technique of parity-splitting code construction. Additionally, we show that the lower bound on the size of the finite field where these codes are constructed, given in the same work of Kamath et al., can be lower. Finally, we discuss the importance of having two ways for node repair with locally regenerating HashTag codes: repair only with local parity nodes or repair with both local and global parity nodes. To the best of the authors' knowledge, this is the first work where this is discussed. Namely, we give a practical example where several optimization metrics such as the repair bandwidth, the number of I/O operations, the access time for the contacted parts and the size of the stored file determine the repair procedure.
Exploring the dimensions of nomophobia: Developing and validating a questionnaire using mixed methods research

Nomophobia is defined as the fear of being out of mobile phone contact and is considered a modern age phobia introduced to our lives as a byproduct of the interaction between people and mobile information and communication technologies, especially smartphones. This research study sought to contribute to the nomophobia research literature by identifying and describing the dimensions of nomophobia and developing a questionnaire to measure nomophobia. Consequently, this study adopted a two-phase, exploratory sequential mixed methods design. The first phase was a qualitative exploration of nomophobia through semi-structured interviews conducted with nine undergraduate students at a large Midwestern university in the U.S. The qualitative findings from this initial exploration were then developed into a questionnaire measuring nomophobia. In the second phase of the study, the nomophobia questionnaire (NMP-Q) was tested with a large sample of 301 undergraduate students. As a result of the first, qualitative phase of the study, four dimensions of nomophobia were identified, namely not being able to communicate, losing connectedness, not being able to access information and giving up convenience. Using the findings from this phase, a 20item NMP-Q was created. The results of the second, quantitative phase showed that the four dimensions were connected to the theoretical construct of nomophobia and that the NMP-Q produced valid and reliable scores. Utilizing both qualitative and quantitative approaches, this study provided greater insight into nomophobia as a theoretical construct. In addition, the methodology employed in this study exploratory sequential mixed methods design – offers a guide in the development of new measures to investigate the impact of technology on people’s lives.
Sarcoplasmic reticulum function and muscle contractile character following fatiguing exercise in humans

1 This study examined the alterations in calcium release, calcium uptake and calcium ATPase activity of skeletal muscle sarcoplasmic reticulum in response to a bout of intense dynamic knee extensor exercise, and the relationship between these changes and alterations in muscle contractile characteristics in the human quadriceps. 2 In biopsy samples taken from the vastus lateralis, sarcoplasmic reticulum calcium release and calcium uptake were significantly depressed (P < 0.01 and 0.05, respectively) immediately following the exercise with no alteration in the sarcoplasmic reticulum Ca2+‐ATPase activity. 3 A 33 % reduction in the maximum voluntary isometric torque was found following the exercise, with reduced torques from electrically evoked isometric contractions at low frequencies of stimulation (10 and 20 Hz) but not at higher frequencies (50 and 100 Hz). 4 The depressed calcium release was correlated (P < 0.05) with a decreased ratio of torques generated at 20:50 Hz, indicating an involvement in low frequency fatigue; however, no correlations between the muscle relaxation times or rates of change of torque and calcium uptake were observed.
Advances in wastewater nitrogen removal by biological processes: state of the art review

O artigo resume o estado da arte dos mais recentes avancos na remocao biologica de nitrogenio, incluindo os criterios para o calculo do processo e as inovacoes tecnologicas. Em relacao ao processo Ludzck Ettinger modificado (pre-desnitrificacao, nitrificacao, no sistema de lodo activados), o qual e amplamente utilizado na remocao biologica de nitrogenio, foi proposta uma nova equacao para calcular o reactor de desnitrificacao, com base na taxa de desnitrificacao (SDNR-Specific Denitrification Rate). Alem disso, foram analisados os fatores que influenciam o SDNR (oxigenio dissolvido no reator; comportamento hidrodinâmico do reator) e foram propostas as solucoes tecnologicas. Quanto a evolucao tecnologica, o artigo apresenta um resumo dos varios processos de remocao biologica de amonia, que sao mais conhecidos com os nomes patenteados, tais como: ANAMMOX(r), DEMON(r), CANON(r), ANITA(r) e outros. Estes processos ja encontraram aplicacoes industriais no tratamento de aguas residuais de alta concentracao, tais como o licor de lodo digerido e o percolado de aterro sanitario. Entre as tecnologias emergentes de desnitrificacao foram considerados os bioreatores com membranas (MBfR), os quais podem ser operados tanto na fase aerobia quanto na fase anoxica.
Access to Ophthalmologic Care in Thailand: A Regional Analysis

Abstract Purpose: The World Health Organization (WHO) recommends that Southeast Asian countries have ≥1 ophthalmologist per 100,000 persons, equally distributed in urban and rural areas. However, regional patterns of eye care have been poorly characterized. This study investigates the distribution of ophthalmologists in Thailand and provides regional estimates of access to ophthalmologists. Methods: We geocoded the work address of ophthalmologists listed in the 2008 directory of the Royal College of Ophthalmologists of Thailand. We determined the number of ophthalmologists per 100,000 persons at the national, provincial, and district levels using data from the 2000 Thai Population Census, and assessed demographic factors associated with meeting the WHO recommendation of ≥1 ophthalmologist per 100,000 persons. Results: In 2008, Thailand had 1.52 ophthalmologists per 100,000 persons; however, only 20 of 76 provinces (26%) and 134 of 926 districts (14%) met the WHO recommendation of ≥1 ophthalmologist per 100,000 persons. District factors associated with not meeting the WHO recommendation included a high proportion of children, a high proportion of elderly, and a high proportion of rural residents. Conclusion: Thailand meets the WHO’s goal for access to ophthalmologic care, but the distribution of ophthalmologists is uneven, with less access to ophthalmologic care in rural areas.
MACH-NUMBER UNIFORM ASYMPTOTIC-PRESERVING GAUGE SCHEMES FOR COMPRESSIBLE FLOWS

We present novel algorithms for compressible flows that are efficient for all Mach numbers. The approach is based on several ingredients: semi-implicit schemes, the gauge decomposition of the velocity field and a second order formulation of the density equation (in the isentropic case) and of the energy equation (in the full Navier-Stokes case). Additionally, we show that our approach corresponds to a micro-macro decomposition of the model, where the macro field corresponds to the incompressible component satisfying a perturbed low Mach number limit equation and the micro field is the potential component of the velocity. Finally, we also use the conservative variables in order to obtain a proper conservative formulation of the equations when the Mach number is order unity. We successively consider the isentropic case, the full Navier-Stokes case, and the isentropic Navier-Stokes-Poisson case. In this work, we only concentrate on the question of the time discretization and show that the proposed method leads to Asymptotic Preserving schemes for compressible flows in the low Mach number limit. Received July 13, 2007. AMS Subject Classification: 65N22, 76N15, 76R10, 76X05.
TTLS: A Grouped Display of Search Results Based on Organizational Taxonomy Using the LCC&K Interface

One of the major problems in the process of Information Retrieval (IR) arises at the stage where the user reviews the results list. This paper presents the latest research in a series of research works that aims at finding the most vital information components, within a list of search results, so as to assist the user in highquality decision making as to which of the resulting documents are included within the sought after results of the search task We propose here a new model for displaying the results named TTLS (Taxonomy Tree & LCC&K Snippet). The experimentation setup included execution of different search tasks by a group of 60 participants. The tasks were performed via the BASE and TTLS interfaces. From the resulting times comparison it is clear that the execution times of tasks done via the TTLS interface is shorter that those done via the BASE interface. It can be seen that in the BASE interface it was needed to open more documents in order to locate the relevant information than in the TTLS interface. It turns out that the majority of users (77%) prefer to use the TTLS interface.
Vintage A Visual Information Retrieval Interface Based on Latent Semantic Indexing

A visual information retrieval interface helps searchers browse a large number of documents and locate interesting ones This article describes a new method that displays the relationships between query terms and documents in a two dimensional space Users can re ne their query by marking returned documents as relevant or nonrelevant and resubmit for higher recall and precision We have implemented this method in a Web based prototype system called Vintage
Toward Privacy-Assured Cloud Data Services with Flexible Search Functionalities

User privacy has been a major concern against the widespread adoption of the cloud technology. A full-fledged cloud data service should effectively support data utilization tasks, especially flexible data search functionalities, while simultaneously achieve user privacy assurance and meet practical system-level performance requirements. In this position paper, we identify the importance and challenges of designing privacy-assured, \textit{flexible} and \textit{practically efficient} search mechanisms for outsourced cloud data services. In particular, we focus on two representative types of flexible search functionalities: ranked keyword search, and search over structured data. Although these functionalities are already prevalent in information retrieval in the plaintext domain, realizing them in the encrypted domain requires non-trivial effort and is relatively new. In light of this, we first describe several existing technical approaches proposed by us and other researchers, and identify their advantages and limitations. We also discuss the open research directions and provide some possible ideas for further investigation. We believe the presented results will inspire more research towards making privacy-assured search in the cloud practical and useful.
Luteinizing hormone secretion in ovariectomized gilts: effects of age, reproductive state and estrogen replacement.

Crossbred gilts were ovariectomized (OVX) at 120, 150, 180 and 210 d of age to determine whether various characteristics of luteinizing hormone (LH) concentrations are influenced by age and reproductive state (prepuberal vs postpuberal). All 120-d-old gilts were prepuberal and all 210-d-old animals were postpuberal, whereas gilts 150 and 180 d old included both prepuberal and postpuberal animals. Blood was collected at 15-min intervals for 2 h, 2 d before OVX (d -2), and 2 (d +2), 8 (d +8) and 14 (d +14) d after OVX. Mean LH concentrations for prepuberal gilts were similar among age groups (P greater than .05) on d -2 and +2; however, LH increased (P greater than .05) from d -2 to +2. No change in LH secretion was found in postpuberal gilts during these two periods. After OVX, LH increased from d +2 to +14 in both prepuberal and postpuberal gilts in all age groups. In postpuberal gilts, LH increased linearly (P less than .05) between d +2 and +14; rate of increase accelerated with advancing age (P less than .01). In prepuberal gilts, LH increased in a nonlinear manner, but it did not increase between d +2 and +8. The increase observed in prepuberal and postpuberal gilts after OVX resulted primarily from an increase in magnitude of peak concentrations of LH. Implants of estradiol-17 beta (E2) were used to determine whether the postovariectomy increase in LH is affected differently by E2 in prepuberal and postpuberal gilts during advancing ages. (ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
What is View-Based Query Rewriting? (Position Paper) In Proc. of WS on Knowledge Representation Meets Databases (KRDB 2000)

View-based query processing requires to answer a query posed to a database only on the basis of the information on a set of views, which are again queries over the same database. This problem is relevant in many aspects of database management, and has been addressed by means of two basic approaches, namely, query rewriting and query answering. In the former approach, one tries to compute a rewriting of the query in terms of the views, whereas in the latter, one aims at directly answering the query based on the view extensions. Based on recent results, we first show that already for very simple query languages, a rewriting is in general a coNP function wrt to the size of view extensions. Hence, the problem arises of characterizing which instances of the problem admit a rewriting that is PTIME. However, a tight connection between view-based query answering and constraint-satisfaction problems, allows us to show that the above characterization is going to be difficult.
Uniquely Colourable Graphs and the Hardness of Colouring Graphs of Large Girth

For any integer k, we prove the existence of a uniquely k-colourable graph of girth at least g on at most k12(g+1) vertices whose maximal degree is at most 5k13. From this we deduce that, unless NP=RP, no polynomial time algorithm for k-Colourability on graphs G of girth g(G)[ges ]log[mid ]G[mid ]/13logk and maximum degree Δ(G)[les ]6k13 can exist. We also study several related problems.
Clinical Ethnography of Lacunar Stroke: Implications for Acute Care

&NA; A longitudinal, clinical ethnography formed the basis of this study. Thirteen stroke survivors, all with lacunar infarcts of the internal capsule of the brain, participated. Survivors were interviewed within 72 hours of the infarct and during acute and rehabilitation phases of recovery. Each was followed for six months, providing a total of 120 interviews. The survivors experienced a paralyzed self secondary to bodily immobility, the shock of the stroke onset and fear of not knowing what might happen next. The terrifying loss of control over bodily movements led to an experiential breakdown. This article chronicles the shock of sudden immobility which left the individuals suspended in a passive, objectified body.
Impaired Acetylcholine-Induced Endothelium-Dependent Aortic Relaxation by Caveolin-1 in Angiotensin II-Infused Apolipoprotein-E (ApoE−/−) Knockout Mice

Objective The angiotensin II (AngII)-infused apolipoprotein E-deficient (ApoE−/−) mouse model is widely used to study atherosclerosis and abdominal aortic aneurysm. An increase in blood pressure has been reported in this model however the underlying mechanism has not been fully explored. In this study, we investigated whether vasomotor dysfunction develops in AngII-infused ApoE−/− mice and the underlying mechanism involved. Methods ApoE−/− mice were infused with vehicle (distilled water) or AngII subcutaneously for 14 days. Blood pressure and heart rate were measured using the non-invasive tail cuff method. Aortic vascular reactivity and expression of key proteins (endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS), phospho-eNOS and caveolin-1) were assessed using tension myography and Western blotting respectively. Plasma nitric oxide (NO) level was estimated using a colorimetric assay. Results AngII infusion caused a time-dependent increase in blood pressure (P<0.001). Aortas from AngII-infused mice were significantly less responsive to acetylcholine-induced endothelium-dependent relaxation when compared to aortas from mice infused with vehicle control (P<0.05). Contractile responses to phenylephrine (P<0.01) and potassium chloride (P<0.001) were significantly enhanced in aortas from AngII-infused mice. eNOS phosphorylation was significantly decreased in the aorta of AngII-infused mice (P<0.05). Aortic caveolin-1 protein expression was significantly increased in AngII-infused mice (P<0.05). Plasma nitrate/nitrite level was significantly reduced in AngII-infused mice (P<0.05). Pharmacological disruption of caveolae using methyl-β-cyclodextrin (MβCD) in isolated aortas from AngII-infused mice caused a significant leftward shift of the acetylcholine-induced relaxation concentration-response curve when compared to vehicle control (P<0.05). Conclusion Upregulation of caveolin-1 protein expression and reduced NO bioavailability contributes to aortic endothelial dysfunction in AngII-infused ApoE−/− mice.