Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
COMPARISON OF MATHEMATICAL METHODS FOR SEMI-SUPERVISED DATA CLASSIFICATION

There has been an increase of interest for semi-supervised learning recently, because of the many datasets with large amounts of unlabeled examples and only a few labeled ones. In this paper we have compared two semi-supervised algorithms based on codifferential method and quasi-secant method for solving data classification problems. The algorithms compute hyperplane(s) to separate two sets with respect to some tolerance. An error function is formu- lated and an algorithm for its minimization is expressed. We present results of numerical experiments using several UCI and sentetic test data sets.
Image Restoration Based on Generalized Maximum Entropy Criterion

Image restoration is usually viewed as an ill-posed problem [l] in early visual information processing, since there is no unique solution associated with it. The quality of restored image depends heavily on the constraints imposed and on the prior knowledge of the characteristics of the solution. In this paper, we investigate the application of generalized maximum entropy criterion (GMEC) [2] [3] as a constraint in the context of image restoration problem. In GMEC formulation, the traditional maximum entropy principle [4:, [5] [SI [7] can be classified as a special example of it.
The corona of HD 199178 (V 1794 Cygni)

HD 199178 (V 1794 Cygni), a chromospherically active late-type giant with a high X-ray luminosity, was observed by the XMM-Newton space observatory. Series of lines of highly ionized Fe and several Lyman lines of hydrogen-like ions are visible in the reflection grating spectra, most notably from O and Ne. Analysis results suggest a scenario where the corona of HD 199178 is dominated by large magnetic structures similar in size to interconnecting loops between solar active regions but significantly hotter. The surface area coverage of these active regions may approach up to a 90%. An hypothesis is that the interaction of these structures themselves induces a flaring activity in a small scale not visible in the EPIC light curves that is responsible for heating HD 199178 plasma to coronal temperatures of $T \ge 10^{7}$ K. The intense X-ray activity of HD 199178 is related to its evolutionary position at the bottom of the red giant branch. It is anticipated that its rotation will spin-down in the future with the effect of decreasing its helicity related, dynamo driven activity and suppressing large scale magnetic structures in its corona.
Improved Understanding of Typhoon-Induced Immediate Chlorophyll-A Response Using Advanced Himawari Imager (AHI) Onboard Himawari-8

The biological response triggered by a tropical cyclone (TC) passage has attracted much attention due to its possible impacts on regional oceanic, ecological environment, and regional climate balance. However, the detailed progress of TC-induced chlorophyll-a (Chl-a) responses (TICRs) remains unclear due to the inherent limitation of observations in ocean color with polar-orbiting satellites as used in previous studies. The appearance of the Advanced Himawari Imager (AHI) onboard the Himawari-8 geostationary satellite opens the opportunity of correcting all our understanding of TICRs due to its hyper temporal image acquisition capability. In this study, the more real relationship between Chl-a response and TC is further clarified. Results show an essentially different reacting progress of TICRs given by AHI/Himawari-8. It shows a much quicker response relative to previous understanding. Chl-a concentrations reached the highest value on the first day under the severe influences of typhoons. The averaged Chl-a response (0–3 days behind TC passage) observed by AHI is approximately three (2.95) times stronger than that observed by the Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectrometer onboard the National Aeronautics and Space Administration Terra/Aqua satellites. The spatial characteristics of TICRs by AHI show marked differences. Overall, the rapid and strong response sheds new light on the role of TICRs in influencing the regional oceanic environment, marine ecosystem, and local climate. Whole new estimations for the impacts of TICRs on the aforementioned issues are needed urgently.
Application of RBV Theory in Business Management - A Bibliometric Analysis

A firm’s primary objective is how to gain competitive advantage over other firms in their segment. Resource based view has been a theory which is being used by many firms to gain competitive advantage. Through this paper we tried to make a holistic attempt to comprehend application of Resource based view theory in area of business management and accounting. 1741 articles were abstracted from Scopus database. The paper is, divided into two half. Bibliometric analysis is, performed in the first half to show the most productive states/regions and co-citation by different authors. Content analysis is, conducted to pinpoint the articles that have exclusively used RBV theory along with other applicable theories in the field of business management
Constraining neutrino interaction uncertainties for oscillation experiments

Neutrinos rarely interact, but sometimes they do. How much? And does it matter? Charged-Current Quasi-Elastic (CCQE) neutrino-nucleus interactions are the main signal channel for T2K and other currently running neutrino oscillation experiments, but in recent years, with a number of experimental results, it has become clear that these interactions are not as well understood at few-GeV neutrino energies as was previously thought. This thesis focuses on the impact that this uncertainty will have on neutrino oscillation measurements. Published CCQE and the closely related Neutral-Current Elastic (NCEL) cross section results from the MiniBooNE experiment are used to fit a 3+1 sterile neutrino model, and the uncertainty over fundamental parameters in the cross section model used is shown to badly bias the results. Conservative sterile neutrino limits which treat the cross section uncertainty correctly are used, and a general note of caution is sounded over sterile neutrino results which make tacit and unfounded assumptions about the neutrino cross section model. New theoretical models of CCQE scattering which try to explain the experimental situation have become available, some of which have been implemented into NEUT, T2K's primary interaction generator. Two candidate models are used in a fit to all published CCQE data on nuclear targets to select a default model and constrain the parameters of that model in order to increase the sensitivity of T2K oscillation analyses. This CCQE parametrisation will be used for T2K oscillation analyses from the summer of 2015 onwards. The fit framework developed for this work has been integrated into the T2K oscillation analysis framework for future iterations. Additionally, the implementation of one such model, the Effective Spectral Function is described and compared with the available neutrino-nucleus scattering data.
Empirical Realities of Teacher-Child Interaction and Cognitive Development of Pre-Primary School Children In Ibadan, Oyo State

The characteristics of teacher-child interaction play a paramount role in the cognitive development of children. Despite its significance, literature abounds on how these characteristics, such as teachers' actions, words, gestures, and responsibilities, may improve or deter children’s development (Grosse, 2022; Bartholo et al., 2022). Thus, this study was carried out to contribute to the body of knowledge, particularly taking into account preschools from a developing nation such as Nigeria. It sought to establish the extent and influence of teacher-child interaction on the cognitive development of pre-primary children in the Ibadan metropolis. The study employed a correlational survey design. A multi-stage approach was used for sampling and sampling. The total sample size for the study was 200, which comprised 50 pre-primary class teachers and 150 pre-primary school children. Two research questions were raised and answered. Teacher-Child Interaction Observation Schedule (TCIOS) = 0.72, Child Cognitive Development Rating Scale (CCDRaS) = 0.79, and Questionnaire on Teacher’s Perception of Teacher-Child Interaction on Cognitive Development (QTPTCICD) = 0.80 were the instruments used for the study. Data collected were analysed using descriptive statistics and Pearson Product Moment Correlation. The result of the findings revealed that the extent of teacher-child interaction and level of cognitive development was great with = 3.41and = 3.61, respectively, as well as the teachers' perceived influence on teacher-child interaction on cognitive development, was positive ( = 3.16). Although the finding showed no significant relationship between teacher-child interaction and cognitive development (r=0.01; p>0.05), it is recommended that teachers, however, should maintain the positive, quality interaction that characterizes preschool teaching, which may resonate with other uniqueness and educational needs of the child.
Approximately Median-Unbiased Estimation of Autoregressive Models

This article introduces approximately median-unbiased estimators for univariate AR(p) models with time trends. Confidence intervals also are considered. The methods are applied to the Nelson–Plosser macroeconomic data series, the extended Nelson–Plosser macroeconomic data series, and some annual stock-dividend and price series. The results show that most of the series exhibit substantially greater persistence than least squares estimates and some Bayesian estimates suggest. For example, for the extended Nelson–Plosser data set, 8 of the 14 series are estimated to have a unit root, but 6 are estimated to be trend stationary. In contrast, the least squares estimates indicate trend stationarity for all of the series.
The Role of Classification Trees and Expert Knowledge in Building Bayesian Networks: A Case Study in Medicine

In clinical research an early and prompt detection of the risk class of a new patient may really play a crucial role in determining the effectiveness of the treatment and, consequently, achieving a satisfying prognosis of the patient's chances. There exists a number of popular rule-based algorithms for classification, whose performances are very attractive whenever data of large number of patients are available. However, when datasets only include data of a few hundred patients, the most common approaches give unstable results and developing effective decision-support systems become scientifically challenging. Since rules can be derived from different models as well as expert knowledge resources, each of them having its advantages and weaknesses, this article suggests a “hybrid” approach to address the classification problem when the number of patients is too small to effectively use a single technique only. The hybrid strategy was applied to a case study and its predictive performance was compared with performances of each single approach: due to the seriousness of a misclassification of high-risk patients, special attention was paid on the specificity. The results show that the hybrid strategy outperforms each single strategy involved.
High-quality MBE growth of AlχGa1-χAs-based THz quantum cascade lasers

High-quality GaAs-based quantum cascade laser (QCL) structures for the terahertz (THz) emission have been grown by solid source molecular-beam epitaxy. Ex-situ high-resolution x-ray diffraction shows that layer thickness and its control is the most critical growth aspect and that the lasing potential of the structure can be determined by the thickness accuracy of the layers. For our samples, the thickness tolerance for working lasing structures emitting approximately 100 μm was determined to be minimally above 1% for a 15 μm active region which was composed of 54.6 nm cascade cells. Increasing interface roughness adversely affects the lasing threshold and power.
Resonant hole configurations and hole pairing

Probabilistic diagonalization methods are used to analyse the structure of the ground state of the two-dimensional Hubbard model for a less than half-filled band. It is found that the ground state is dominated by resonant hole configurations and, for 2t/U 2t-4 eta (t2/U) is introduced, eta being a parameter related to the probability of antiferromagnetic correlations between nearest neighbours. Provided that the additional pairing interaction is present, local antiferromagnetic correlations are seen to favour pair condensation, although no long-range antiferromagnetic order is to be expected.
Switching Characteristics of Composite Magnetic Thin Films

The effects of the strong exchange coupling between magnetic spins within a composite film, composed of multiple layers of ferromagnetics, are represented by biaxial and triaxial anisotropy terms to be added to the ordinary effective magnetic energy. The influences of these multiaxial terms on the form of the critical switching curves are studied theoretically and experimentally. An experimental result is given showing a considerable improvement of the pulse coincidence switching characteristic of an ordinary uniaxially anisotropic permalloy film by adding a very thin Ni-Co alloy layer thereupon.
Nondestructive testing by super-resolution infrared thermography

Super-resolution techniques were applied to infrared thermographic temperature measurement for the improvement of spatial resolution of the infrared image with limited number of imaging pixels. In the proposed super-resolution technique, a high resolution image was produced from plural low resolution images with sub-pixel displacements. The super-resolution scheme was developed based on the displacement analyses in the sub-pixel level for low resolution images based on the image correlation and subsequent interpolative reassignment of the pixel values from low resolution images to the high resolution image. The practicability of the developed super-resolution infrared thermography was experimentally demonstrated.
On the emission-line response to continuum variations in the Seyfert galaxy NGC 5548

The two optical monitoring groups which have recently attempted to ascertain the continuum and emission-line variations in the Seyfert galaxy NGC 5548 have reported apparently contradictory results for the delay of H-beta variations with respect to the continuum. The measurements of Clavel et al. (1991) are presently used to demonstrate that the emission-line lag behind continuum variations depends on the continuum variability time-scale in this object, in the sense that continuum variations with larger time-scales yield larger emission-line lags. Monte Carlo simulations are used to show that there is at least one possible model which can reproduce the two differing delays. 11 refs.
High-resolution measurement and quantum-defect analysis for the Ne nd' J= 1, 2 and 3 autoionizing resonances

Using resonant two-photon excitation of a metastable Ne(2p53s 3P0.2) beam by two single-mode CW dye lasers, we have measured reduced widths Gamma r=n*3 Gamma n for the four Ne(2p5(2P12/) nd' (K)s) autoionizing resonance series ((K)s=(3/2)3, (3/2)2, (5/2)2, and (5/2)3). The resulting values are Gamma r=167(7), 350(7), 87(2), and 73(3) cm-1, respectively, in good agreement with predictions by a semiempirical multichannel quantum-defect analysis involving complex quantum defects.
Evaluating the use of social contact data to produce age-specific forecasts of SARS-CoV-2 incidence

Short-term forecasts can provide predictions of how an epidemic will change in the near future and form a central part of outbreak mitigation and control. Renewal-equation based models are increasingly popular. They infer key epidemiological parameters from historical epidemiological data and forecast future epidemic dynamics without requiring complex mechanistic assumptions. However, these models typically ignore interaction between age-groups, partly due to challenges in parameterising a time varying interaction matrix. Social contact data collected regularly by the CoMix survey during the COVID-19 epidemic in England, provide a means to inform interaction between age-groups in real-time. We developed an age-specific forecasting framework and applied it to two age-stratified time-series: incidence of SARS-CoV-2 infection, estimated from a national infection and antibody prevalence survey; and, reported cases according to the UK national COVID-19 dashboard. Jointly fitting our model to social contact data from the CoMix study, we inferred a time-varying next generation matrix which we used to project infections and cases in the four weeks following each of 29 forecast dates between October 2021 and November 2022. We evaluated the forecasts using proper scoring rules and compared performance with three other models with alternative data and specifications alongside two naive baseline models. Overall, incorporating age-interaction improved forecasts of infections and the CoMix-data-informed model was the best performing model at time horizons between two and four weeks. However, this was not true when forecasting cases. We found that age-group-interaction was most important for predicting cases in children and older adults. The contact-data-informed models performed best during the winter months of 2020 - 2021, but performed comparatively poorly in other periods. We highlight challenges regarding the incorporation of contact data in forecasting and offer proposals as to how to extend and adapt our approach, which may lead to more successful forecasts in future.
Elongation effect on beta-induced Alfvén eigenmode

Beta induced Alfvén eigenmode (BAE) can be an important candidate for ion loss in burning plasmas. Elongation effect on BAE has been investigated by the gyrokinetic eigenvalue code DAEPS in this work. We construct a shaped equilibrium model by modifying local s − α model with which the capability of the DAEPS code has been extended to study the elongation effect. It is discovered that the BAE growth rate first increases with elongation factor κ, reaches a maximum and then decreases. This trend occurs for many different values of η i. We find that, in the weak or moderate elongation region, the BAE instability is reactive type and mainly determined by the fluid/MHD effects, namely the combination of stabilizing field line bending term and destabilizing interchange drive in the vorticity equation. However, in the strong elongation region, the BAE instability becomes dissipative and is mainly driven by the wave–particle resonance effect embedded in δW k since the fluid driving damps away. It is also discovered that the wave–particle resonance decreases with elongation in this region, which is due to the decrease of the geodesic curvature with elongation and leads to the decrease in the growth rate of BAE.
A new basis of the Landau states for a hydrogen-like ion moving in a strong magnetic field

A convenient basis of wavefunctions is constructed for describing the motion of the charged two-body system (hydrogen-like ion) in a strong magnetic field. The basis functions correspond to two integrals of motion of the system, and they are the superpositions of the Landau states of non-interacting particles moving in a magnetic field. The matrix elements of the Coulomb potential are numerically analysed using the new basis.
New developments on constant angle property in S 2 × R

In the present paper, we classify curves and surfaces in S 2 × R , which make constant angle with a rotational Killing vector ﬁeld. We obtain the explicit parametrizations of such curves and surfaces, and we ﬁnd examples in some particular cases. Finally, we give the complete classiﬁcation of minimal constant angle surfaces in S 2 × R .
Linear Programming and Sequential Decisions

Using an illustration drawn from the area of inventory control, this paper demonstrates how a typical sequential probabilistic model may be formulated in terms of a an initial decision rule and b a Markov process, and then optimized by means of linear programming. This linear programming technique may turn out to be an efficient alternative to the functional equation approach in the numerical analysis of such problems. Regardless of computational significance, however, it is of interest that there should be such a close relationship between the two traditionally distinct areas of dynamic programming and linear programming.
A nonparametric test to compare survival distributions with covariate adjustment

Summary. The analysis of covariance is a technique that is used to improve the power of a k‐sample test by adjusting for concomitant variables. If the end point is the time of survival, and some observations are right censored, the score statistic from the Cox proportional hazards model is the method that is most commonly used to test the equality of conditional hazard functions. In many situations, however, the proportional hazards model assumptions are not satisfied. Specifically, the relative risk function is not time invariant or represented as a log‐linear function of the covariates. We propose an asymptotically valid k‐sample test statistic to compare conditional hazard functions which does not require the assumption of proportional hazards, a parametric specification of the relative risk function or randomization of group assignment. Simulation results indicate that the performance of this statistic is satisfactory. The methodology is demonstrated on a data set in prostate cancer.
Fault diagnosis of a simulated industrial gas turbine via identification approach

In this paper, a model‐based procedure exploiting the analytical redundancy principle for the detection and isolation of faults on a simulated process is presented. The main point of the work consists of using an identification scheme in connection with dynamic observer and Kalman filter designs for diagnostic purpose. The errors‐in‐variables identification technique and output estimation approach for residual generation are in particular advantageous in terms of solution complexity and performance achievement. The proposed tools are analysed and tested on a single‐shaft industrial gas turbine MATLAB/SIMULINK® simulator in the presence of disturbances, i.e. measurement errors and modelling mismatch. Selected performance criteria are used together with Monte‐Carlo simulations for robustness and performance evaluation. The suggested technique can constitute the design methodology realising a reliable approach for real application of industrial process FDI. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Silicon wafer thickness variation measurements using the National Institute of Standards and Technology infrared interferometer

Decreasing depths of focus, coupled with increasing silicon wafer diameters, place greater restrictions on chucked wafer flatness in photolithography processes. A measurement device is described that measures thickness variation of double-sided polished wafers using an IR source and vidicon detector. Various possible instrument configura- tions are described with the focus on a setup that uses a collimated wavefront to produce interference fringes between the front and back surfaces of the plane parallel wafer. Experimental results are presented. These tests include (1) a drift test; (2) comparisons between measure- ments performed using different collimators and, subsequently, wave- fronts; (3) an exploration of the impact of phase change on reflection due to the wafer clamping method; and (4) an intercomparison with thickness measurements recorded by a capacitance gage-based instrument and surface measurements obtained using a separate visible wavelength interferometer. © 2003 Society of Photo-Optical Instrumentation Engineers.