Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Telling Identities: In Search of an Analytic Tool for Investigating Learning as a Culturally Shaped Activity

In this article, the authors make an attempt to operationalize the notion of identity to justify the claim about its potential as an analytic tool for investigating learning. They define identity as a set of reifying, significant, endorsable stories about a person. These stories, even if individually told, are products of a collective storytelling. The authors’ main claim is that learning may be thought of as closing the gap between actual identity and designated identity, two sets of reifying significant stories about the learner that are also endorsed by the learner. Empirical illustration comes from a study in which the mathematical learning practices of a group of 17-year-old immigrant students from the former Soviet Union, newly arrived in Israel, were compared with those of native Israelis.
Purification and Molecular Cloning of a Novel Essential Component of the Apolipoprotein B mRNA Editing Enzyme-Complex*

Editing of apolipoprotein B (apoB) mRNA requires the catalytic component APOBEC-1 together with “auxiliary” proteins that have not been conclusively characterized so far. Here we report the purification of these additional components of the apoB mRNA editing enzyme-complex from rat liver and the cDNA cloning of the novel APOBEC-1-stimulating protein (ASP). Two proteins copurified into the final active fraction and were characterized by peptide sequencing and mass spectrometry: KSRP, a 75-kDa protein originally described as a splicing regulating factor, and ASP, a hitherto unknown 65-kDa protein. Separation of these two proteins resulted in a reduction of APOBEC-1-stimulating activity. ASP represents a novel type of RNA-binding protein and contains three single-stranded RNA-binding domains in the amino-terminal half and a putative double-stranded RNA-binding domain at the carboxyl terminus. Purified recombinant glutathione S-transferase (GST)-ASP, but not recombinant GST-KSRP, stimulated recombinant GST-APOBEC-1 to edit apoB RNA in vitro. These data demonstrate that ASP is the second essential component of the apoB mRNA editing enzyme-complex. In rat liver, ASP is apparently associated with KSRP, which may confer stability to the editing enzyme-complex with its substrate apoB RNA serving as an additional auxiliary component.
Interference-Resilient Information Exchange

This paper presents an efficient protocol for reliably exchanging information in a single-hop, multi-channel radio network subject to unpredictable interference. We model the interference by an adversary that can simultaneously disrupt up to t of the C available channels. We assume no shared secret keys or third-party infrastructure. The running time of our protocol depends on the gap between C and t: when the number of channels C =Omega(t^2), the running time is linear; when only C = t+1 channels are available, the running time is exponential. We prove that exponential-time is unavoidable in the latter case. At the core of our protocol lies a combinatorial function, possibly of independent interest, described for the first time in this paper: the multi-selector. A multi-selector generates a sequence of channel assignments for each device such that every sufficiently large subset of devices is partitioned onto distinct channels by at least one of these assignments.
Dual tasking, gait rhythmicity, and Parkinson's disease: Which aspects of gait are attention demanding?

Cognitive function and the performance of a secondary, dual task may affect certain aspects of gait, but the relationships between cognitive function and gait are not well understood. To better understand the motor control of gait and the relationship between cognitive function and gait, we studied cognitive function and the effects of different types of dual tasking on the gait of patients with Parkinson's disease (PD) and controls, contrasting measures of gait automaticity and rhythmicity with other features. Patients with idiopathic PD (n = 30; mean age 71.8 year) with moderate disease severity (Hoehn and Yahr Stage 2–3) were compared to age and gender‐matched healthy controls (n = 28). Memory and executive function were also assessed. In both groups, gait speed decreased in response to dual tasking, in a parallel fashion. For the PD group only, gait variability increased compared to usual walking. Executive function was significantly worse in the PD group, while memory was not different in the two groups. Executive function measures were significantly correlated with gait variability during dual tasking, but not during usual walking. These findings demonstrate that regulation of gait variability and rhythmicity is apparently an automatic process that does not demand attention in healthy adults. In patients with PD, however, this ability becomes attention‐demanding and worsens when subjects perform secondary tasks. Moreover, the associations between executive function and gait variability suggest that a decline in executive function in PD may exacerbate the effects of dual tasking on gait, potentially increasing fall risk.
Quantitative measurements of alternating finger tapping in Parkinson's disease correlate with UPDRS motor disability and reveal the improvement in fine motor control from medication and deep brain stimulation

The Unified Parkinson's Disease Rating Scale (UPDRS) is the primary outcome measure in most clinical trials of Parkinson's disease (PD) therapeutics. Each subscore of the motor section (UPDRS III) compresses a wide range of motor performance into a coarse‐grained scale from 0 to 4; the assessment of performance can also be subjective. Quantitative digitography (QDG) is an objective, quantitative assessment of digital motor control using a computer‐interfaced musical keyboard. In this study, we show that the kinematics of a repetitive alternating finger‐tapping (RAFT) task using QDG correlate with the UPDRS motor score, particularly with the bradykinesia subscore, in 33 patients with PD. We show that dopaminergic medication and an average of 9.5 months of bilateral subthalamic nucleus deep brain stimulation (B‐STN DBS) significantly improve UPDRS and QDG scores but may have different effects on certain kinematic parameters. This study substantiates the use of QDG to measure motor outcome in trials of PD therapeutics and shows that medication and B‐STN DBS both improve fine motor control. © 2005 Movement Disorder Society
A signal-specific bound for joint tdoa and FDOA estimation and its Use in combining multiple segments

We consider passive joint estimation of the time-difference of arrival (TDOA) and frequency-difference of arrival (FDOA) of an unknown signal at two sensors. The classical approach for deriving the Cramér-Rao bound (CRB) in this context assumes that the signal (as well as the noise) is Gaussian and stationary. As a result, the obtained Fisher information matrix with respect to the TDOA and FDOA is diagonal, implying that the respective estimation errors are uncorrelated (under asymptotic conditions). However, for some specific (non-Gaussian, non-stationary) signals, especially chirp-like signals, these errors can be strongly correlated. In this work we derive a “signal-specific” (or a “conditional”) CRB for this problem: Modeling the signal as a deterministic unknown, we obtain a bound which, given any particular signal, can reflect the possible signal-induced correlation between the TDOA and FDOA estimates. We further demonstrate that this bound is instrumental for proper weighting when combining joint TDOA and FDOA estimates from independent intervals.
English-to-Korean Transliteration using Multiple Unbounded Overlapping Phoneme Chunks

We present in this paper the method of English-to-Korean (E-K) transliteration and back-transliteration. In Korean technical documents, many English words are transliterated into Korean words in various forms in diverse ways. As English words and Korean transliterations are usually technical terms and proper nouns, it is hard to find a transliteration and its variations in a dictionary. Therefore an automatic transliteration system is needed to find the transliterations of English words without manual intervention.To explain E-K transliteration phenomena, we use phoneme chunks that do not have a length limit. By applying phoneme chunks, we combine different length information with easy. The E-K transliteration method has three steps. In the first, we make a phoneme network that shows all possible transliterations of the given word. In the second step, we apply phoneme chunks, extracted from training data, to calculate the reliability of each possible transliteration. Then we obtain probable transliterations of the given English word.
Inkjet-Printed Flexible Active Multilayered Structures

Active inkjet materials are invoked in the fabrication of optoelectronic devices. These types of multilayer assemblies contain a variety of commercially available ink formulations. It is envisioned that a dielectric SU-8 material can be used in a FET-like structure to form an interlayer between conductive silver and semi-conductive MWCNT-doped PEDOT:PSS ink layers. These printed structures may be fabricated onto a polyimide based flexible substrate, for instance. These structures are a starting point for offering valuable information on layer-on-layer printing interactions and interface problematics within a complete inkjet device fabrication.
An Integrative Control Method for Bio-Inspired Dolphin Leaping: Design and Experiments

This paper presents the design and implementation of leaping control methods for replicating high-speed dolphin leaping behavior. With full consideration of both mechanical configuration and propulsive principle of a physical robot comprising one neck joint, two propulsive joints, and a pair of two-degrees-of-freedom (2-DOF) mechanical flippers, closed-loop pitch, roll, yaw, and depth control methods are integrated to accomplish precise attitude control. Specifically, two pitch control strategies are proposed to separately satisfy small and large pitch requirements based on the real-time feedback of the pitch angle, while the roll controller is further implemented as a proportional-integral-derivative (PID) loop. A combination of pitch and roll control is utilized to regulate the desired pitch maneuvers. Finally, a parameterized five-phase leaping control algorithm instead of Weihs's three-phase porpoising model is implemented on the self-contained real robot, enabling the examination of biological leaping phenomena which are hard to observe or measure. Latest experimental results reveal that besides high speeds exceeding the minimum exit speeds, the pitch control closely related to pitch angle and submersion depth is another critical factor contributing to effective dolphin leaping.
The correlation of healthy skin thickness and echogenicity with age, anatomic site and gender by high-frequency ultrasound

Objective: To investigate the correlation of healthy skin thickness and echogenicity with age, anatomic site and gender by high-frequency ultrasound. Methods: A total of 82 Chinese children in our department were selected as subjects, whose healthy skin thickness and echogenicity was measured using high-frequency ultrasound (DermaLab Combo, Cortex, Denmark) to examine whether there was statistical difference in skin thickness among different ages, anatomic sites and genders. Results: There was statistical difference in skin thickness and echogenicity among different anatomic sites and age groups (P 0.05). Conclusion: High-frequency ultrasound can accurately measure the healthy skin thickness and echogenicity in children. Skin thickness and skin echogenicity is correlated with anatomic site and age, but not correlated with gender.
The MAPKKKs Ste11 and Bck1 jointly transduce the high oxidative stress signal through the cell wall integrity MAP kinase pathway

Oxidative stress stimulates the Rho1 GTPase, which in turn induces the cell wall integrity (CWI) MAP kinase cascade. CWI activation promotes stress-responsive gene expression through activation of transcription factors (Rlm1, SBF) and nuclear release and subsequent destruction of the repressor cyclin C. This study reports that, in response to high hydrogen peroxide exposure, or in the presence of constitutively active Rho1, cyclin C still translocates to the cytoplasm and is degraded in cells lacking Bck1, the MAPKKK of the CWI pathway. However, in mutants defective for both Bck1 and Ste11, the MAPKKK from the high osmolarity, pseudohyphal and mating MAPK pathways, cyclin C nuclear to cytoplasmic relocalization and destruction is prevented. Further analysis revealed that cyclin C goes from a diffuse nuclear signal to a terminal nucleolar localization in this double mutant. Live cell imaging confirmed that cyclin C transiently passes through the nucleolus prior to cytoplasmic entry in wild-type cells. Taken together with previous studies, these results indicate that under low levels of oxidative stress, Bck1 activation is sufficient to induce cyclin C translocation and degradation. However, higher stress conditions also stimulate Ste11, which reinforces the stress signal to cyclin C and other transcription factors. This model would provide a mechanism by which different stress levels can be sensed and interpreted by the cell.
PET of Serotonin 1A Receptors and Cerebral Glucose Metabolism for Temporal Lobectomy

The objective of this study was to compare 5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 1A (5-HT1A) PET with cerebral metabolic rate of glucose (CMRglc) PET for temporal lobectomy planning. Methods: We estimated 5-HT1A receptor binding preoperatively with 18F-trans-4-fluoro-N-2-[4-(2-methoxyphenyl) piperazin-1-yl]ethyl-N-(2-pyridyl) cyclohexane carboxamide (18F-FCWAY) PET and CMRglc measurement with 18F-FDG in regions drawn on coregistered MRI after partial-volume correction in 41 patients who had anterior temporal lobectomy with at least a 1-y follow-up. Surgery was tailored to individual preresection evaluations and intraoperative electrocorticography. Mean regional asymmetry values and the number of regions with asymmetry exceeding 2 SDs in 16 healthy volunteers were compared between seizure-free and non–seizure-free patients. 18F-FCWAY but not 18F-FDG and MRI data were masked for surgical decisions and outcome assessment. Results: Twenty-six of 41 (63%) patients seizure-free since surgery had significantly different mesial temporal asymmetries, compared with 15 non–seizure-free patients for both 18F-FCWAY (F1,39 = 5.87; P = 0.02) and 18F-FDG PET (F1,38 = 5.79; P = 0.021). The probability of being seizure-free was explained by both 18F-FDG and 18F-FCWAY PET, but not MRI, with a significant additional 18F-FCWAY effect (χ22 = 9.8796; P = 0.0072) after the probability of being seizure-free was explained by 18F-FDG. Although MRI alone was not predictive, any combination of 2 lateralizing imaging studies was highly predictive of seizure freedom. Conclusion: Our study provides class III evidence that both 5-HT1A receptor PET and CMRglc PET can contribute to temporal lobectomy planning. Additional studies should explore the potential for temporal lobectomy based on interictal electroencephalography and minimally invasive imaging studies.
A Single Course of Anti-CD3 Monoclonal Antibody hOKT3γ1(Ala-Ala) Results in Improvement in C-Peptide Responses and Clinical Parameters for at Least 2 Years after Onset of Type 1 Diabetes

Despite advances in understanding autoimmune diabetes in animal models, there has been little progress in altering the natural course of the human disease, which involves progression to insulin deficiency. Studies with immunosuppressive agents have shown short-term effectiveness, but they have not induced tolerance, and continuous treatment is needed. We studied the effects of hOKT3γ1(Ala-Ala), a humanized Fc mutated anti-CD3 monoclonal antibody, on the progression of type 1 diabetes in patients with recent-onset disease in a randomized controlled trial. In general, the drug was well tolerated. A single course of treatment, within the first 6 weeks after diagnosis, preserved C-peptide responses to a mixed meal for 1 year after diagnosis (97 ± 9.6% of response at study entry in drug-treated patients vs. 53 ± 7.6% in control subjects, P < 0.01), with significant improvement in C-peptide responses to a mixed meal even 2 years after treatment (P < 0.02). The improved C-peptide responses were accompanied by reduced HbA1c and insulin requirements. Clinical responses to drug treatment were predicted by an increase in the relative number of CD8+ T-cells in the peripheral blood after the lymphocyte count recovered 2 weeks after the last dose of drug. We conclude that treatment with the anti-CD3 monoclonal antibody hOKT3γ1(Ala-Ala) results in improved C-peptide responses and clinical parameters in type 1 diabetes for at least 2 years in the absence of continued immunosuppressive medications.
Session Initiation Protocol (SIP) INFO Method and Package Framework

This document provides new semantics for the SIP INFO method of RFC 2976. These new semantics defined here are fully backwards compatible with the old semantics. Core to the new semantics is a mechanism for defining, negotiating and exchanging Info Packages that use the INFO method. Applications that need to exchange session- related information within a SIP INVITE-created session, also known as application level information, use these INFO requests. This draft addresses issues and open items from RFC 2976 and replaces it.
Impaired Vibratory Perception and Diabetic Foot Ulceration

We have studied risk factors for diabetic foot ulceration by comparing diabetic patients who had active foot ulcers (n = 86) with diabetic patients who had no history of foot ulcers (n = 49). Whereas there was a strong association of diabetic foot ulceration with abnormal vibratory perception (Odds Ratio = 10.77; p < 0.001, which increased with worsening vibratory perception), there was little association with abnormality of the ankle‐pressure index (Odds Ratio = 2.84, p = n.s.). Although foot ulceration and limited joint mobility were associated (Odds Ratio = 3.57, p < 0.001), this relation was not significant when allowances for abnormal vibratory perception and diabetes duration were made. These data suggest that sensory neuropathy is of greater aetiological importance than peripheral vascular disease in the development of diabetic foot ulceration. The measurement of the vibratory perception threshold is clinically useful in identifying those diabetic patients at high risk of foot ulceration.
Hazard avoidance for high‐speed mobile robots in rough terrain

Unmanned ground vehicles have important applications in high speed rough terrain scenarios. In these scenarios, unexpected and dangerous situations can occur that require rapid hazard avoidance maneuvers. At high speeds, there is limited time to perform navigation and hazard avoidance calculations based on detailed vehicle and terrain models. This paper presents a method for high speed hazard avoidance based on the “trajectory space,” which is a compact model‐based representation of a robot's dynamic performance limits in rough, natural terrain. Simulation and experimental results on a small gasoline‐powered unmanned ground vehicle demonstrate the method's effectiveness on sloped and rough terrain. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Duration of Lactation and Incidence of the Metabolic Syndrome in Women of Reproductive Age According to Gestational Diabetes Mellitus Status: A 20-Year Prospective Study in CARDIA (Coronary Artery Risk Development in Young Adults)

OBJECTIVE The objective of the study was to prospectively assess the association between lactation duration and incidence of the metabolic syndrome among women of reproductive age. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS Participants were 1,399 women (39% black, aged 18–30 years) in the Coronary Artery Risk Development in Young Adults (CARDIA) Study, an ongoing multicenter, population-based, prospective observational cohort study conducted in the U.S. Women were nulliparous and free of the metabolic syndrome at baseline (1985–1986) and before subsequent pregnancies, and reexamined 7, 10, 15, and/or 20 years after baseline. Incident metabolic syndrome case participants were identified according to National Cholesterol Education Program Adult Treatment Panel III (NCEP ATP III) criteria. Complementary log-log models estimated relative hazards of incident metabolic syndrome among time-dependent lactation duration categories by gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) adjusted for age, race, study center, baseline covariates (BMI, metabolic syndrome components, education, smoking, physical activity), and time-dependent parity. RESULTS Among 704 parous women (620 non-GDM, 84 GDM), there were 120 incident metabolic syndrome case participants in 9,993 person-years (overall incidence rate 12.0 per 1,000 person-years; 10.8 for non-GDM, 22.1 for GDM). Increased lactation duration was associated with lower crude metabolic syndrome incidence rates from 0–1 month through >9 months (P < 0.001). Fully adjusted relative hazards showed that risk reductions associated with longer lactation were stronger among GDM (relative hazard range 0.14–0.56; P = 0.03) than non-GDM groups (relative hazard range 0.44–0.61; P = 0.03). CONCLUSIONS Longer duration of lactation was associated with lower incidence of the metabolic syndrome years after weaning among women with a history of GDM and without GDM, controlling for preconception measurements, BMI, and sociodemographic and lifestyle traits. Lactation may have persistent favorable effects on women's cardiometabolic health.
Finiteness of polyhedral decompositions of cusped hyperbolic manifolds obtained by the Epstein-Penner’s method

Epstein and Penner give a canonical method of decomposing a cusped hyperbolic manifold into ideal polyhedra. The decomposition depends on arbitrarily specified weights for the cusps. From the construction, it is rather obvious that there appear at most a finite number of decompositions if the given weights are slightly changed. However, since the space of weights is not compact, it is not clear whether the total number of such decompositions is finite. In this paper we prove that the number of polyhedral decompositions of a cusped hyperbolic manifold obtained by the Epstein-Penner's method is finite.
Spectroscopic Demonstration of a Linkage between the Kinetics of NTP Hydrolysis and the Conformational State of the recA-Single-stranded DNA Complex (*)

We recently constructed a mutant recA protein in which His-163 was replaced by a tryptophan residue; the [H163W]recA protein is functionally identical to the wild-type protein, and the Trp-163 side chain serves as a reporter group for the conformational transitions of the [H163W]recA-single-stranded DNA (ssDNA) complex. We have now examined the fluorescence properties of the [H163W]recA-ssDNA complex in the presence of a series of alternate nucleoside triphosphate cofactors. Under standard conditions (pH 7.5), ATP (S0.5 = 70 μM) and purine riboside triphosphate (PTP) (S0.5 = 110 μM) effect a 44% decrease in Trp-163 fluorescence and are active as cofactors for the DNA strand exchange reaction. In contrast, ITP (S0.5 = 400 μM) elicits only a 20% decrease in Trp-163 fluorescence (a level identical to that observed with the nucleoside diphosphates ADP, PDP, and IDP) and is inactive as a strand exchange cofactor. If the S0.5 (PTP) is increased to 130 μM (by increasing the pH of the reaction solution), the PTP-mediated quenching of Trp-163 fluorescence decreases to 20%, and PTP becomes inactive as a strand exchange cofactor. These results provide direct evidence for a linkage between the S0.5 value of a nucleoside triphosphate and the conformational state of the recA-ssDNA complex, with an S0.5 of 100-120 μM or lower required for stabilization of the strand exchange-active conformation.