Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Empirical methods for two-echelon inventory management with service level constraints based on simulation-regression

We present a simulation-regression based method for obtaining inventory policies for a two-echelon distribution system with service level constraints. Our motivation comes from a wholesale distributor in the consumer products industry with thousands of products that have different cost, demand, and lead time characteristics. We need to obtain good inventory policies quickly so that supply chain managers can run and analyze multiple scenarios effectively in reasonable amount of time. While simulation-based optimization approaches can be used, the time required to solve the inventory problem for a large number of products is prohibitive. On the other hand, available quick approximations are not guaranteed to provide satisfactory solutions. Our approach involves sampling the universe of products with different problem parameters, obtaining their optimal inventory policies via simulation-based optimization and then using regression methods to characterize the inventory policy for similar products. We show that our method obtains near-optimal policies and is quite robust.
Minimum trajectory error training for deep neural networks, combined with stacked bottleneck features

Recently, Deep Neural Networks (DNNs) have shown promise as an acoustic model for statistical parametric speech synthesis. Their ability to learn complex mappings from linguistic features to acoustic features has advanced the naturalness of synthesis speech significantly. However, because DNN parameter estimation methods typically attempt to minimise the mean squared error of each individual frame in the training data, the dynamic and continuous nature of speech parameters is neglected. In this paper, we propose a training criterion that minimises speech parameter trajectory errors, and so takes dynamic constraints from a wide acoustic context into account during training. We combine this novel training criterion with our previously proposed stacked bottleneck features, which provide wide linguistic context. Both objective and subjective evaluation results confirm the effectiveness of the proposed training criterion for improving model accuracy and naturalness of synthesised speech.
Performance analysis of equation based TFRC over wireless links with link level ARQ

The equation based TCP-friendly rate control protocol (TFRC) has been proposed to support multimedia applications. In this paper, an analytical approach is proposed for quantifying the performance of equation based TFRC over wireless/Internet integrated networks. Specifically, discrete time Markov chains (DTMC) are developed to analyze the performance of TFRC-controlled multimedia flows, in terms of wireless resource utilization, flow throughput, packet loss rate, and probability of end-to-end delay exceeding a prescribed threshold. It is shown that the maximum number of link layer retransmissions and the required base station buffer size can be determined based on the application's QoS requirements.
Demography-based facial retouching detection using subclass supervised sparse autoencoder

Digital retouching of face images is becoming more widespread due to the introduction of software packages that automate the task. Several researchers have introduced algorithms to detect whether a face image is original or retouched. However, previous work on this topic has not considered whether or how accuracy of retouching detection varies with the demography of face images. In this paper, we introduce a new Multi-Demographic Retouched Faces (MDRF) dataset, which contains images belonging to two genders, male and female, and three ethnicities, Indian, Chinese, and Caucasian. Further, retouched images are created using two different retouching software packages. The second major contribution of this research is a novel semi-supervised autoencoder incorporating “sub-class” information to improve classification. The proposed approach outperforms existing state-of-the-art detection algorithms for the task of generalized retouching detection. Experiments conducted with multiple combinations of ethnicities show that accuracy of retouching detection can vary greatly based on the demographics of the training and testing images.
Increasing Papers' Discoverability with Precise Semantic Labeling: The sci.AI Platform

The number of published findings in biomedicine increases continually. At the same time, specifics of the domain's terminology complicates the task of relevant publications retrieval. In the current research, we investigate influence of terms' variability and ambiguity on a paper's likelihood of being retrieved. We obtained statistics that demonstrate significance of the issue and its challenges, followed by presenting the this http URL platform, which allows precise terms labeling as a resolution.
Effect of diazepam on the embryonic development of the palate in the rat.

The results of previous studies on the effect of diazepam on palate formation in animals have been inconclusive. Teratogen-induced cleft palate is usually caused by a delay in palatal shelf elevation. The present study investigated the effect of diazepam on palate formation in the Sprague-Dawley rat. Five groups of dams received subcutaneous doses of either 10, 20, 30, 40, or 50 mg/kg body weight of diazepam. Control dams received propylene glycol (vehicle). Dams in each dosage group were killed at 16.9 (16 d 9 h); 16.16, and 17.9 days of gestation, respectively, to assess delay in palatal shelf elevation. Crown rump length (CRL) of 1,283 fetuses collected from 105 dams was measured. Fetuses in each time/dosage group showed a reduction in CRL (P less than .01). With increasing dosage the number of fetuses showing delayed palatal shelf elevation was significantly increased (P less than .01). These results demonstrate that with an increase in dose there is an increased delay in palatal shelf elevation and a decrease in CRL. However, in this strain there seems to be a rapid prenatal recovery, resulting in a marked reduction in the incidence of delayed palatal shelf elevation.
Formation Control of a Group of Micro Aerial Vehicles (MAVs)

Coordinated motion of Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs) has been a growing research interest in the last decade. In this paper we propose a coordination model that makes use of virtual springs and dampers to generate reference trajectories for a group of quad rotors. Virtual forces exerted on each vehicle are produced by using projected distances between the quadrotors. Several coordinated task scenarios are presented and the performance of the proposed method is verified by simulations.
Influence of regional anesthesia, local anesthetics, and sympathicomimetics on the pathophysiology of deep vein thrombosis.

Studies have shown that lumbar epidural and spinal anesthesia seem to offer two distinct clinical advantages over general anesthesia, particularly in total hip replacement patients. These major regional blocks reduce the frequency of deep vein thrombosis and pulmonary embolism and reduce intraoperative and postoperative blood losses. The beneficial effects on thromboembolism are probably explained by several factors, such as hyperkinetic blood flow in the lower legs, reduced tendency to coagulation, and improved fibrinolytic function. The effects of local anesthetics on leukocytes, platelets, erythrocytes, and plasma proteins and on the interactions among various blood cells and endothelial cells are other factors in the protection against thromboembolism. Sympathicomimetic agents (i.e., epinephrine in the local anesthetic solution together with ephedrine given prophylactically to maintain a stable blood pressure) probably also play a significant role, notably on fibrinolytic function. The reduction in blood loss and thus in transfusion requirements may also be important.
First-Principles Calculation of the Third Virial Coefficient of Helium

Knowledge of the pair and three-body potential-energy surfaces of helium is now sufficient to allow calculation of the third density virial coefficient, C(T), with significantly smaller uncertainty than that of existing experimental data. In this work, we employ the best available pair and three-body potentials for helium and calculate C(T) with path-integral Monte Carlo (PIMC) calculations supplemented by semiclassical calculations. The values of C(T) presented extend from 24.5561 K to 10 000 K. In the important metrological range of temperatures near 273.16 K, our uncertainties are smaller than the best experimental results by approximately an order of magnitude, and the reduction in uncertainty at other temperatures is at least as great. For convenience in calculation of C(T) and its derivatives, a simple correlating equation is presented.
The Old Curiosity Shopの道化的世界

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Multisearch techniques for implementing data structures on a mesh-connected computer (preliminary version)

The rnrdtiseurch problem consists of efficiently performing O(n) search processes on a data structure modeled as a graph G with n constant-degree nodes. Denote by r the length of the longest search path associated with a search process, and assume that the paths are determined “online”. In this paper, we solve the multisearch problem in *Research partially supported by the Office of Naval Research uuder Contracts NOO014-84-K-0502 and NOOO14-86K-0689, the Air Force Office of Scientific Research under Grant AFOSR-9O-O1O7, the National Science Foundation under Grant DCR-S451393, and the National Library of Medicine under Grant RO1-LM05118. t Research partially supported by the Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada. ~Research partially supported by the National Science Foundation under Grant IRI-S800514. $Research partially supported by the Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada. WResearch partially supported by the Office of Naval Research under Contract NOO014-84-K-0502, the Air Force Office of the Scientific Research under Grant AFOSR-9O-O1O7, and the National Science Foundation under Grant DCR8451393. Permission to copy without fee all or part of this material is granted provided that the copies are not made or distributed for direct commercial advantage, the ACM copyright notice and the title of the publication and its date appear, and notice is given that copying is by permission of the Association for Computing Machinery. To copy otherwise, or to republisb, requires a fee and/or specific permission. @ 1991 ACM 0897914384/91/0007/0204 $1.50 O(W + rfi) time on a & x fi mesh-connected computer. For most data structures, the search path traversed when answering one search query has length r = O(log n). For these cases, our algorithm processes O(n) snch queries in asymptotically optimsl time, O(4. The classes of graphs considered contain most of the important data structures that arise in practice (ranging from simple trees to Kirkpatrick hierarchical search DAGs). Multisearch is a useful abstraction that models many specific problems and can be used to implement parallel data structures on a mesh. Applications include interval trees and the related multiple interval intersection search, as well as hierarchical representations of polyhedra and its many applications (e.g., lines-polyhedron intersection queries, multiple tangent plane determination, intersecting convex polyhedra, and three-dimensional convex hull).
INCORPORATING CONTEXTUAL PHONETICS INTO AUTOMATIC SPEECH RECOGNITION

This work outlines the problems encountered in modeling pronunciation for automatic speech recognition (ASR) of spontaneous (American) English speech. We detail some of the phonetic phenomena within the Switchboard corpus that make the recognition of this speaking style difficult. Phonetic transcribers found that feature spreading and cue trading made identification of phonetic segmental boundaries problematic. Including different forms of context in pronunciation models, however, may alleviate these problems in the ASR domain. The syllable appears to play an important role, as many of the phonetic phenomena seen are syllable-internal, and the increase in pronunciation variation compared to read speech is concentrated in coda consonants. In addition, we show that other forms of context – speaking rate and word predictability – help indicate increases in variability. We present a dynamic ASR pronunciation model that utilizes longer phonetic contextual windows for capturing the range of detail characteristic of naturally spoken language.
Biochemical pathways supporting beta-lactam biosynthesis in the springtail Folsomia candida

ABSTRACT Recently, an active set of beta-lactam biosynthesis genes was reported in the genome of the arthropod springtail Folsomia candida (Collembola). Evidence was provided that these genes were acquired through horizontal gene transfer. However, successful integration of fungal- or bacterial-derived beta-lactam biosynthesis into the metabolism of an animal requires the beta-lactam precursor L-α-aminoadipic acid and a phosphopantetheinyl transferase for activation of the first enzyme of the pathway, δ-(L-α-aminoadipoyl)-L-cysteinyl-D-valine synthetase (ACVS). In this study, we characterized these supporting pathways and their transcriptional regulation in F. candida. We identified one phosphopantetheinyl transferase and three pathways for L-α-aminoadipic acid production, distinct from the pathways utilized by microorganisms. We found that after heat shock, the phosphopantetheinyl transferase was co-regulated with ACVS, confirming its role in activating ACVS. Two of the three L-α-aminoadipic acid production pathways were downregulated, while PIPOX, an enzyme participating in the pipecolate pathway, was slightly co-regulated with ACVS. This indicates that L-α-aminoadipic acid may not be a limiting factor in beta-lactam biosynthesis in F. candida, in contrast to microorganisms. In conclusion, we show that all components for L-α-aminoadipic acid synthesis are present and transcriptionally active in F. candida. This demonstrates how springtails could have recruited native enzymes to integrate a beta-lactam biosynthesis pathway into their metabolism after horizontal gene transfer. Summary: Analysis of phosphopantetheinyl transferases and metabolic pathways for L-α-aminoadipic acid that are required for beta-lactam biosynthesis in the arthropod Folsomia candida.
Predominant Tuberculosis Spoligotypes, Delhi, India

One hundred five Mycobacterium tuberculosis clinical isolates from the Delhi area were typed by spoligotyping; 45 patterns were identified. Comparison with an international spoligotype database showed type 26, Delhi type (22%), type 54 (12%), and type 1, Beijing type (8%), as the most common. Eighteen spoligotypes did not match any existing database pattern.
Precious materials of interaction: Exploring interactive accessories as jewellery items

In this paper we present a series of design explorations on the theme of wearable and mobile technology through the lens of jewellery design. This is done by looking at properties of traditional fine jewellery in terms of material considerations and crafting processes, as well as considerations related to patterns of wear and interaction. By using jewellery as a point of departure, both theoretically and practically, we discuss four topics: a) the gestalt of electronic artefacts versus jewellery design, b) material preciousness, c) interactive properties of physical materials, and d) jewellery usage as an inspiration for new interactive designs.
Recognizing Objects in 3D Point Clouds with Multi-Scale Local Features

Recognizing 3D objects from point clouds in the presence of significant clutter and occlusion is a highly challenging task. In this paper, we present a coarse-to-fine 3D object recognition algorithm. During the phase of offline training, each model is represented with a set of multi-scale local surface features. During the phase of online recognition, a set of keypoints are first detected from each scene. The local surfaces around these keypoints are further encoded with multi-scale feature descriptors. These scene features are then matched against all model features to generate recognition hypotheses, which include model hypotheses and pose hypotheses. Finally, these hypotheses are verified to produce recognition results. The proposed algorithm was tested on two standard datasets, with rigorous comparisons to the state-of-the-art algorithms. Experimental results show that our algorithm was fully automatic and highly effective. It was also very robust to occlusion and clutter. It achieved the best recognition performance on all of these datasets, showing its superiority compared to existing algorithms.
Leukemia Risk Associated With Low-Level Benzene Exposure

Background: Men who were part of an Australian petroleum industry cohort had previously been found to have an excess of lympho-hematopoietic cancer. Occupational benzene exposure is a possible cause of this excess. Methods: We conducted a case-control study of lympho-hematopoietic cancer nested within the existing cohort study to examine the role of benzene exposure. Cases identified between 1981 and 1999 (N = 79) were age-matched to 5 control subjects from the cohort. We estimated each subject’s benzene exposure using occupational histories, local site-specific information, and an algorithm using Australian petroleum industry monitoring data. Results: Matched analyses showed that the risk of leukemia was increased at cumulative exposures above 2 ppm-years and with intensity of exposure of highest exposed job over 0.8 ppm. Risk increased with higher exposures; for the 13 case-sets with greater than 8 ppm-years cumulative exposure, the odds ratio was 11.3 (95% confidence interval = 2.85-45.1). The risk of leukemia was not associated with start date or duration of employment. The association with type of workplace was explained by cumulative exposure. There is limited evidence that short-term high exposures carry more risk than the same amount of exposure spread over a longer period. The risks for acute nonlymphocytic leukemia and chronic lymphocytic leukemia were raised for the highest exposed workers. No association was found between non-Hodgkin lymphoma or multiple myeloma and benzene exposure, nor between tobacco or alcohol consumption and any of the cancers. Conclusions: We found an excess risk of leukemia associated with cumulative benzene exposures and benzene exposure intensities that were considerably lower than reported in previous studies. No evidence was found of a threshold cumulative exposure below which there was no risk.
Learning by doing in 3- and 4 1/2-year-old children: adapting to time

The present study investigates the effects of three different types of instructions on the temporal performance of 3- and 4 1/2-year-olds carrying out a response duration task in 40 discrete trials with a target duration of 5 ± 1 seconds: (i) verbal instructions, (ii) delayed imitation instructions, where the experimenter first showed the correct response duration to the subject, and (iii) simultaneous imitation instructions, where the experimenter produced the correct response duration at the same time as the child. The instructions were repeated on the first ten trials. Timing accuracy improved with age. However, the 3-year-olds achieved the same proportion of successful responses as the 4 1/2-year-olds in the simultaneous imitation condition. The temporal differentiation performance of the 3-year-olds was significantly more accurate when they initially received simultaneous imitation instructions than when they were given delayed imitation or verbal instructions. In contrast, the 4 1/2-year-olds exhibited better temporal behavior in the delayed imitation than in the simultaneous imitation condition. For both ages, instructions by demonstration were not globally more effective than verbal explanations. Contrary to the 4 1/2-year-olds, the 3-year-olds acquired temporal skills by experiencing durations through action. The nature of this early knowledge is discussed by considering the developmental shift from procedural to declarative representations.
A framework for assessing the use of third-party software quality assurance standards to meet FDA medical device software process control guideline's

The proliferation of medical device software (MDS) potentially increases the risks of patient injury from software defects. The US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) in 1998 updated its MDS regulations, moving away from a product-based regulatory approach toward one more focused on quality assurance processes. However, what constituted acceptable software quality assurance (SQA) processes and whether regulations could be met by the use of third-party standards was not specified. The FDA has implicitly sanctioned using third-party SQA audits in submissions for accelerated review of modifications of existing MDS, but it has neither approved nor rejected their use in submissions for new MDS approval. Suppliers must assess whether adopting a third-party SQA standard assures full or only partial conformance with FDA requirements because they remain potentially liable for damages resulting from software defects. However, substantial differences in the philosophy and organization of FDA requirements and third-party standards make this assessment difficult. This research develops a framework to assess whether third-party SQA standards can meet FDA requirements and then employs the framework to determine if ISO 9000-3 or the Software Engineering Institute's Capability Maturity Model is sufficient to meet such requirements. The authors' research analyzes four SQA categories specified by the FDA guidelines: process management, requirements specification, design control, and change control. Analysis indicates that while neither third-party SQA standard by itself fully meets FDA requirements, either standard is worth adopting and is approximately equivalent in its usefulness.