Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Fabrication of homogenously self-alignment fringe-field switching mode liquid crystal cell without using a conventional alignment layer

ABSTRACT We propose a novel method to fabricate a uniaxially homogeneous alignment of liquid crystal (LC) molecules without using a conventional alignment layer such as polyimide film. The method produces the polymer alignment layer (PAL) by polymerisation of the monomer including in the LC layer above the TNI of the LC material. The fringe-field switching (FFS) mode LC cell with the PAL (FFS-PAL-LC cell) produced from the monomer 4,4ʹ-di-mehacryloyl-oxy chalcone (4,4ʹ-DMOCh) exhibited enough level of alignment state and electro-optical property compared with the FFS-LC cell having the conventional polyimide-type alignment layer. We can expect that the FFS-PAL-LC cell is useful for next-generation displays such as flexible liquid crystal displays (LCDs) because the method does not need high-temperature process of over 200°C. Graphical Abstract
The Relationship between Socioeconomic Status and Happiness, Health, and Education: The Review of Literature

This literature review attempting to specify how socioeconomic status (SES) is related to happiness, health, and education from different sections. Different theories and categories describe different associations of SES and these three aspects, and some of them have not been the consensus in both psychology and sociology. Based on the former theories and discovery, it is arbitrary to identify the opinion that the high SES is directly related to the high happiness, and the relationship between SES and health is not always casual. In addition, SES associations with education should be evaluated variously under different circumstances.
SIMPLE AND FAST ALGORITHM FOR DETECTING FOVEA REGION BY THRESHOLDING METHOD

- Fovea detection is a significant and effective topic in the field of biomedical and image processing. The fovea is responsible for sharp vision and for seeing fine detail and color in human eyes. The central region called the macula and small depression in the centre of the macula is called fovea. The extraction of fovea region is mainly based on adaptive thresholding method. This image segmentation method isolates objects by converting gray scale images into binary images and effective way of partitioning an image into foreground and background. This method has been implemented in MATLAB and is most effective in images with high level of contrast. The main advantage is detecting disease at early stages. Proposed method explains various methods like image acquisition pre-processing ,Adaptive histogram ,optic disc detection, blood vessel segmentation and detection of fovea.
HEALTH RISKS OF HEAVY METALS UPTAKE BY THE CURDS OF CAULIFLOWER (BRASSICA OLERACEA VAR. BOTRYTIS) GROWN IN CONTAMINATED AGRICULTURAL LANDS

Food safety and quality protection are a necessity and should draw considerable attention due to the great hazard of consuming food contaminated with heavy metals. In this context, the present study was conducted to evaluate the potential of uptake of heavy metals by cauliflower curds and its associated health risks. A sampling of soil and cauliflower plants was carried out on six farms, equally distributed throughout polluted and unpolluted sites south Greater Cairo, Egypt, for investigating their chemical characteristics and plant growth parameters. The pollution load index (PLI) of the estimated heavy metals (except Ni) was greater than 1. Besides the soil was highly polluted (PLI > 5) with Pb, Zn, Fe, Cu, and Cd. Cauliflower plants showed a significant reduction in plant density, stem and root length, fresh and dry biomass, and curd production as well as plant pigments under polluted conditions. The contents of N, P, carbohydrates, and proteins in the curds and roots of cauliflower plants from the unpolluted site were considerably higher than those estimated on the polluted site. The bioaccumulation factor of the investigated heavy metals, except Cd, Cu, Mn, and V on the unpolluted site, and all metals in the polluted site, was greater than one. However, the translocation factor of most investigated heavy metals, except Pb, Cu, Ni, and Fe in the unpolluted site and Cr, Cu, and Co in the polluted site, was less than one. The results showed that Pb, Cd, Mn, Fe, and Ni contaminations in wastewater-irrigated cauliflower plants have the highest potential to cause a health risk to public consumers, where their health risk index exceeded one. Based on the present investigation, it is strongly recommended to avoid vegetable cultivation in polluted areas, and if cultivated, the vegetable consumption is not recommended.
Single-case evaluation of oral feeding intervention and gastrostomy tube fading in adults with intellectual and multiple disabilities

ABSTRACT Background Some adults with intellectual disabilities do not acquire oral feeding skills and are dependent on gastrostomy tube supplementation. Methods Two adults with intellectual and multiple disabilities received intervention for oral consumption during daily meals (standardised food and liquid quantities, individualised procedural guidelines, and consumption-contingent consequences) while the frequency and amount of gastrostomy tube feedings were gradually decreased and eliminated. Results Compared to baseline (pre-intervention) conditions, the adults increased oral consumption of food and liquid during the intervention and gastrostomy tube supplementation was eliminated. These intervention results continued through multiyear follow-up, one participant lost considerable weight, the second participant maintained weight, and both participants had good health (no hospitalisations, illnesses, and missed medications) and benefited from eating daily meals among their peers. Conclusions Behaviourally-based intervention with interdisciplinary collaboration and appetite stimulation strategy can establish and improve oral feeding in adults with intellectual and multiple disabilities who were previously gastrostomy tube dependent.
Performance and Loss Analysis of a Small-Scale Supercritical CO2 Turbine

The supercritical carbon dioxide (S-CO2) power cycle is widely applicable to the utilization of multigrade heat sources due to its high efficiency and compact structure, in which the turbine is critical to the performance of the system. In this study, the operation pattern and output performance of an S-CO2 axial turbine with a design power scale of 10 kW power are investigated by experiments and numerical simulations. The loss mechanisms and distributions are analyzed using numerical simulations and loss models. The results show that the turbine output power and efficiency are at 9.66 kW and 36.6% at the designed condition and the output performance depends on the pressure ratio and rational speed. In addition, the flow field distribution reveals that the flow separation phenomenon occurs leading to loss, with the tip clearance loss being the most significant. Furthermore, the loss model validated in this paper is proven to be competent enough to fulfill the prediction of the loss distribution under different operational conditions, which could be very promising in the design of an S-CO2 axial turbine.
A novel insight into the interface fracture between magnesium phosphate cement mortar and cement concrete

ABSTRACT This paper focused on fracture problem about interfacial transition zone (ITZ) formed after repairing between magnesium phosphate cement (MPC) mortar and old Portland cement concrete (PCC) pavements. Firstly, the mode Ⅱ cracks on the ITZ were hypothesized and the interface fracture model with dislocation theory was proposed. The stress field at the crack tip was represented by Airy stress potential function and Fourier Transform, and the structural characteristics of the kernel solution of Cauchy were retained. Then, combined with the oscillation term, the Dirac function was replaced by the normal distribution function to obtain stable fracture parameters. Besides, the ϵ about 8 ‰ of the crack length in model was analyzed. Secondly, the elastic moduli of ITZs were obtained by nanoindentation experiments. Results showed the elastic modulus of ITZ between MPC mortar and ITZ-1 (the interface in concrete) was lowest. Such weakest position in repair interface was further verified by finite element analysis (FEA). Finally, a twodimensional model was developed to validate the fracture model. Simulation results were found consistent with the theoretical solution of interface fracture model. The developed interface fracture model can provide insights for evaluating the shear behavior of the interface between MPC mortar and concrete.
Caracterización mineral de zonas de falla ricas en minerales fibrosos de la arcilla: una aproximación experimental y termodinámica

espanolEsta tesis se enfoca hacia la identificacion del origen, estabilidad termodinamica y comportamiento mecanico de los minerales fibrosos de la arcilla en zonas de falla activas. Los resultados obtenidos sugieren que la presencia de minerales fibrosos de la arcilla en zonas de falla puede producirse como consecuencia del enriquecimiento en Mg catalizado por la deformacion y la circulacion de fluidos que promueven multiples reacciones y transformaciones minerales. La presencia de sepiolita y sus cambios de hidratacion, volumen y reacciones minerales fueron modelizados termodinamicamente encontrando que su estabilidad esta limitada a los 325°C por la reaccion sepiolita → talco+cuarzo+H2O. Ensayos triaxiales de friccion permitieron establecer que los minerales fibrosos presentan una resistencia al deslizamiento significativamente mayor que sus equivalentes planares, principalmente influenciada por su estructura cristalina. Estos resultados indican que los minerales fibrosos pueden estar presentes e influenciar la distribucion de areas sismogenicas en sistemas de falla ricos en Mg. EnglishThis thesis aims to identify the origin, thermodynamic stability and mechanical behaviour of fibrous clay minerals in fault zones. The results obtained suggest that the presence of fibrous clay minerals in fault zones can be a product of Mg-enrichment, catalysed by deformation and fluid circulation that promote mineral reactions and transformations. Hydration and volume changes as well as mineral reactions involving sepiolite were modelled using a thermodynamic approach that limits the stability of sepiolite to 325°C and is limited by the reaction sepiolite→talc+quartz+H2O. Furthermore, triaxial friction experiments established that fibrous clay minerals have higher frictional strength than their planar equivalents as a consequence of their different crystal structure. These result suggest that fibrous clay minerals can indeed be present and influence the distribution of seismogenic areas in Mg-rich fault systems.
A Comparative Empirical Study of Discrete Choice Models in Retail Operations

Choice-based demand estimation is a fundamental task in retail operations and revenue management, providing necessary input data for inventory control, assortment, and price-optimization models. The task is particularly difficult in operational contexts where product availability varies over time and customers may substitute into the available options. In addition to the classical multinomial logit (MNL) model and extensions (e.g., nested logit, mixed logit, and latent-class MNL), new demand models have been proposed (e.g., the Markov chain model), and others have been recently revisited (e.g., the rank list-based and exponomial models). At the same time, new computational approaches were developed to ease the estimation function (e.g., column-generation and expectation-maximization (EM) algorithms). In this paper, we conduct a systematic, empirical study of different choice-based demand models and estimation algorithms, including both maximum-likelihood and least-squares criteria. Through an exhaustive set of numerical experiments on synthetic, semisynthetic, and real data, we provide comparative statistics of the predictive power and derived revenue performance of an ample collection of choice models and characterize operational environments suitable for different model/estimation implementations. We also provide a survey of all the discrete choice models evaluated and share all our estimation codes and data sets as part of the online appendix. This paper was accepted by Vishal Gaur, operations management.
Imagining LIMITS: Can ChatGPT radically re-imagine a new world?

A major goal of the LIMITS community is to actively build a world that respects ecological limits by de-centering the idea of growth as progress, focusing on how technology can be used to create such a world and what technology will look like in this world. Achieving this goal involves taking existing philosophies (e.g., Meadow’s Limits to Growth) and translating them into actionable steps. Often, this requires taking broad philosophies that speak of the world generally and thinking about how they can be operationalized through technology. Imagining a world that exists outside of the current paradigms of unlimited growth and uber consumption can be quite difficult, and figuring out how to actually achieve this kind of world sometimes seems like a herculean task. This paper asks whether large language models, specifically ChatGPT, can be used in service of radically re-imagining our world and the place of technology. There are two primary reasons to ask this question. First, new generative tools like Open AI’s ChatGPT promise to change the way people live and work, and such tools have been born and trained in a "growth as progress" world. It is important to be aware of how these tools portray alternatives to growth-based paradigms. The second reason, is to assess the value of such tools for brainstorming alternative, LIMITS-aligned ways of using computing. This paper looks at seven philosophies that challenge the all-growth status quo, and asks ChatGPT to imagine how computing would be used in worlds in which each paradigm was central. Each response was then analyzed to provide an overview of just how radical ChatGPT’s “imagination” can be.
A first‐principles study of bulk and surface Sn‐doped LiFePO4: The role of intermediate valence component in the multivalent doping

Doping can be employed to enhance the electrical conductivity and electrochemical performance of LiFePO4, a promising material for Li‐ion batteries. However, the microscopic mechanism of doping is not fully understood. In this study, ab initio density functional theory (DFT) with the generalized gradient approximation (GGA) + U calculations was performed on both bulk and surface Sn‐doped LiFePO4. Our results indicate that surface doping is preferred over bulk or subsurface doping because it shows a lower doping energy and surface energy. The doping effect appears to be local, and the effect of the Li vacancy (VLi) distribution was examined. The multivalent Sn doping may facilitate the formation of an Fe2+/Fe3+ complex with the involvement of an effective intermediate Sn3+ component, which complements the existing charge transfer model for LiFePO4. The effective Sn3+–Fe3+/2VLi complex may exist on the LiFePO4 surfaces, providing possible surface design schemes to control charge transfer. The results suggest that the Sn dopant could modulate band gap and local charge transfer, and improve the electrochemical performance at the last stage of the charging process with no capacity loss. However, an optimized doping concentration may exist for electrochemically inactive doping with an unfavorable doping energy.
Measuring Oppression Experienced by Service Users While They are Receiving Services from Human Service Organizations

ABSTRACT This study uses a sequential mixed-method design to test a measure of service user oppression in human service organization. A five-factor measurement model of service user oppression is tested using confirmatory factor analysis of cross-sectional survey data (n = 374), followed by qualitative focus groups to provide context. All five factors of the Service User Oppression Scale were confirmed indicating that 84.5% of service users had experienced oppression. The research provides a valid and reliable tool to assess service user experiences of oppression. PRACTICE POINTS This study found that service users experience oppression in the form of marginalization, exploitation, violence, powerlessness, and cultural imperialism while receiving services from human service organizations. This study developed a measurement tool to assess the extent and experience of service user oppression by human service organizations. The Service User Oppression Scale is found to be a valid and reliable measure of service user experiences of oppression in human service organizations. Understanding oppression from the experiences of service users can highlight areas for organizational development, adaptation, and innovation in human service organizations.
A review of disentangled representation learning for visual data processing and analysis

： Representation learning is essential for machine learning technique nowadays. The transition of input represen⁃ tations have been developing intensively in algorithm performance benefited from the growth of hand - crafted features to the representation for multi - media data. However ， the representations of visual data are often highly entangled. The interpreta⁃ tion challenges are to be faced because all information components are encoded into the same feature space. Disentangled representation learning （ DRL ） aims to learn a low - dimensional interpretable abstract representation that can sort the mul⁃ tiple factors of variation out in high - dimensional observations. In the disentangled representation ， we can capture and manipulate the information of a single factor of variation through the corresponding latent subspace ， which makes it more
Generation of very long waves in laboratory for tsunamis research

This thesis is motivated by recent field observations of tsunamis which point out that use of solitary waves as model tsunami is not theoretically justified. In order to generate very long waves in laboratory, a bottom-tilting wave maker is designed and used at the University of Dundee. This new type of wave maker can produce waves longer than the effective length of solitary waves, which provides better long wave model. The main idea of the bottom-tilting wave maker is that moving the entire bottom can lead to the wave as long as the given wave tank. Meanwhile, some analytical solutions and numerical models are developed in this research for theoretical investigation. Wave behaviour in the tank without beach and the wave run-up on a plane beach are of main interest. The unique contributions for the two scenarios are that wave profile or run-up height of very long waves with a variety of bottom motions and surface problems have been investigated, respectively. A series of experiments are conducted in the new wave tank by inputting the prescribed bottom motions to the electrical motor with varying water depth, bottom motion displacement and speed. The free surface elevation time-histories are measured by acoustic wave gauges while the maximum run-up heights of varying waves are observed by a video camera. Nonlinear and dispersive numerical models are developed in this thesis for modelling the wave tank. A shock-capturing finite volume scheme with high-order reconstruction method is used to solve the governing equations, coupling with a computational domain mapping technique to estimate the moving shoreline. By comparing to the experimental measurements, the numerical models are verified and able to approximate the resulting waves in the wave tank. Surface waves
Properties of velocity field in the vicinity of synthetic jet generator

The paper presents the results of experimental investigation of velocity field in the vicinity of synthetic jet actuator as a function of Stokes number and for constant Reynolds number. A constant temperature hot-wire anemometer with tungsten-platinum coated single wire probe used for the velocity measurements. Synthetic jet flow visualization was presented, especially process of vortex ring development. Synthetic jet velocity profiles were compared with a solution to fully-developed pipe flow with an oscillating pressure gradient.
Impact of SST Anomalies on Coral Reefs Damage Based on Copula Analysis

The condition of coral reefs in Indonesia is alarming. One of the influenting factors of coral reefs damage is extreme climate change. The aim of this study is to determine the relationship of climate change, that is Sea Surface Temperature (SST) anomaly index, and coral reefs damage in West, Central and East Region of Indonesia. The method used in this study is Copula analysis. Copula is one of the statistical methods used to determine the relationship of two or more variables, in which case the distribution can be normal or not. First, data is transformed into Uniform [0,1] domain. Then, Copula parameter is estimated to get significance parameter. Lastly, the best Copula that has the highest log likelihood value is selected to represent the relationship of data. The result indicates that percentage of coral reefs damage in West and Central Region has relationship with SST Nino 4, while coral reefs damage in East Region does not have relationship with any of SST Nino anomalies. In West Region, the best Copula represents the relationship is Gaussian Copula (parameter = -0.32); it concludes that the higher the value of SST Nino 4, the lower the percentage of coral reefs damage and otherwise. While in Central Indonesia, Frank Copula (parameter = -4.89) is selected; it does not have tail dependency so that the SST Nino 4 and the percentage of coral reefs in damage condition in Central Region has low correlation.
Cooperative IDS for Detecting Collaborative Attacks in RPL-AODV Protocol in Internet of Everything

Internet of everything (IoET) is one of the key integrators in Industry 4.0, which contributes to large-scale deployment of low-power and lossy (LLN) networks to connecting people, processes, data, and things. The RPL is one of the unique standardized routing protocols that enable efficient use of smart devices energy, compute resources to address the properties and constraints of LLN networks. The authors investigate the RPL-AODV routing protocol's performance in combining the advantages of both RPL and AODV routing protocol, which works together in a low power resource-constrained network. The main challenging issue is collaborating the AODV and RPL routing protocol in the LLN network. This paper also models the collaborative attacks such as wormhole, blackhole attack for AODV, and rank and sinkhole attacks to exploit the vulnerability of RPL protocol. Finally, the cooperative IDS combining specification-based and signature-based IDS is proposed to detect the collaborative attacks against the RPL-AODV routing protocol that effectively monitors and provides security to the LLN networks.