Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
A high dietary concentration of inulin is necessary to reduce the incidence of swine dysentery in pigs experimentally challenged with Brachyspira hyodysenteriae

A total of sixty surgically castrated male pigs (Large White × Landrace) weighing 31·2 (sd 4·3) kg were used in a randomised block experiment to examine the effect of added dietary inulin (0, 20, 40 and 80 g/kg) on the occurrence of swine dysentery (SD) and on fermentation characteristics in the large intestine after experimental challenge with the causative spirochaete Brachyspira hyodysenteriae. The pigs were allowed to adapt to the diets for 2 weeks before each pig was challenged orally four times with a broth culture containing B. hyodysenteriae on consecutive days. Increasing dietary levels of inulin linearly (P = 0·001) reduced the risk of pigs developing SD; however, eight out of fifteen pigs fed the diet with 80 g/kg inulin still developed the disease. The pH values in the caecum (P = 0·072) tended to decrease, and in the upper colon, the pH values did decrease (P = 0·047) linearly with increasing inulin levels in the diets, most probably due to a linear increase in the concentration of total volatile fatty acids in the caecum (P = 0·018), upper colon (P = 0·001) and lower colon (P = 0·013). In addition, there was a linear reduction in the proportion of the branched-chain fatty acids isobutyric acid and isovaleric acid in the caecum (P = 0·015 and 0·026) and upper colon (P = 0·011 and 0·013) with increasing levels of dietary inulin. In conclusion, the present study showed that a diet supplemented with a high level of inulin (80 g/kg) but not lower levels reduced the risk of pigs developing SD, possibly acting through a modification of the microbial fermentation patterns in the large intestine.
A Framework for Modeling Non-Supervised Learning of Phonemes from Acoustic Input

This thesis describes a self organizing learning algorithm that learns phonemes from acoustic input. For generating acoustic input a highly simplified articulatory model is used and the phonemes are expressed in these articulatory terms. The simplification allows us to concentrate on specific issues like the effect of articulatory effort on learning and sound change without having to deal with rather complex realistic models that only hinder these phenomena and make extensive computational simulations impossible. The thesis is also concerned with methodological issues in general linguistics. The approach taken here is motivated by arguing against structurally inclined ways of looking at linguistic problems that still dominate the field.
The Inspir=Ed Project: A Holistic Early Childhood Program for Enhancing Parent-Child Well-being

All Indigenous communities have a time-tested child-rearing knowledge base that reflects and honors their cultural beliefs and historical experiences. Many of these communities emphasize group harmony and collaboration and respect for the natural environment—competencies that are increasingly important on our crowded and depleted planet. Unfortunately, Indigenous peoples are often marginalized within their own countries, and experience disproportionately high rates of poverty. Poverty and the associated lack of access to nutritious food, quality health care services, and education can prevent children from reaching their full potential. The authors of this article consider how to integrate Indigenous knowledge, spirituality, and priorities with research-based best practices for education and development. They describe a program that uses culturally relevant materials, storytelling, and music to encourage parent-child bonding and positive familial and community interactions, all designed to contribute to optimal child development in disadvantaged Aboriginal communities in Australia.
Traffic-aware stress testing of distributed systems based on UML models

A stress test methodology aimed at increasing chances of discovering faults related to network traffic in distributed systems is presented. The technique uses the UML 2.0 model of the distributed system under test, augmented with timing information, and is based on an analysis of the control flow in sequence diagrams. It yields stress test requirements that are made of specific control flow paths along with time values indicating when to trigger them. Different variants of our stress testing technique already exist (they stress different aspects of a distributed system) and we focus here on one variant that is designed to identify and to stress test the system at the instant when data traffic on a network is maximal. Using a real-world distributed system specification, we design and implement a prototype distributed system and describe, for that particular system, how the stress test cases are derived and executed using our methodology. The stress test results indicate that the technique is significantly more effective at detecting network traffic-related faults when compared to test cases based on an operational profile.
Ranking Tweets by Labeled and Collaboratively Selected Pairs with Transitive Closure

Tweets ranking is important for information acquisition in Microblog. Due to the content sparsity and lackof labeled data, it is better to employ semi-supervisedlearning methods to utilize the unlabeled data. However,most of previous semi-supervised learning methods donot consider the pair conflict problem, which means thatthe new selected unlabeled data may conflict with the labeled and previously selected data. It will hurt the learning performance a lot, if the training data contains manyconflict pairs. In this paper, we propose a new collaborative semi-supervised SVM ranking model (CSR-TC)with consideration of the order conflict. The unlabeleddata is selected based on a dynamically maintained transitive closure graph to avoid pair conflict. We also investigate the two views of features, intrinsic and contentrelevant features, for the proposed model. Extensive experiments are conducted on TREC Microblogging corpus. The results demonstrate that our proposed methodachieves significant improvement, compared to severalstate-of-the-art models.
Intensive Remedial Identity Work: Responses to Workplace Bullying Trauma and Stigmatization

This study investigates the phenomenon of intensive remedial identity work by exploring responses to the trauma and stigma of adult bullying at work. It analyses the narratives of 20 workers who reported being bullied at work, in which they talk about persistent emotional abuse and their shifting, intensifying identity work in response. The following specific questions are explored: (a) what threats to identity does workplace bullying trigger? ; (b) what are the types and remedial goals of identity work? ; (c) what is the processual nature of this identity work? Analysis resulted in seven inter-related types of identity work: first-and second-level stabilizing, sensemaking, reconciling, repairing, grieving and restructuring. Each of these was associated with specific identity threats and a constellation of remedial goals. Comparative analysis among self-narratives suggested that identity work occurred in three approximate phases associated with abuse onset, escalation and cessation. Findings extend understanding of intensive remedial identity work in the face of persistently traumatic and stigmatizing organizational experiences.
Targeting proteins for proteasomal degradation—a new function of Arabidopsis ABI1 protein phosphatase 2C

The ubiquitin/26S proteasome system (UPS) has been implicated in the regulation of many physiological processes including hormone signaling. The plant hormone abscisic acid (ABA) employs the UPS to control its own synthesis and signaling and to regulate stress response and tolerance. Among the known effectors of ABA signaling, the ABI1 (abscisic acid-insensitive 1) protein phosphatase, which belongs to group A of the type 2C protein phosphatases, is recognized as a key component of the pathway. Molecular and genetic evidence implicates this protein phosphatase in numerous plant responses. This mini-review discusses recent progress in understanding the role of ABI1 in ABA signaling, with particular emphasis on recent data that link ABI1 to protein degradation via the UPS.
Hybrid filtering for linear systems with non-Gaussian disturbances

This paper is concerned with hybrid filtering of a non-Gaussian system coupled by a hidden switching process. An optimal control approach is used to derive a finite-dimensional recursive filter that is optimal in the sense of the most probable trajectory (MPT) estimate. An approximate scheme is obtained when the probability distribution of the switching process converges to a limiting distribution, which is often easier to obtain. Numerical examples are considered, and computational experiments are reported. In these examples, our schemes outperform popular filtering schemes available in the literature.
Accurate Modeling of RF Circuit Blocks: Weakly-Nonlinear Narrowband LNAs

An extensive behavioral model is presented for weakly-nonlinear narrowband LNAs. Both the electrical transfer and noise properties are well described. Performance figures can be predicted for varying source and load conditions. A Verilog-A implementation facilitates cross-platform simulations. The model is compared to transistor-level simulations of a simple textbook LNA and of a state-of-the-art 65 nm CMOS LNA in combination with a mixer. Excellent agreements are achieved.
A STUDY OF RESPONSIBLE ENVIRONMENT BEHAVIOUR AMONG B.Ed. STUDENTS IN RELATION TO THEIR GENDER & LOCALITY

The purpose of the study was to determine responsible environment behaviour among boys and girls B.Ed. students of urban and rural area . This was an empirical research with a sample of 200 B.Ed students studying in four B.Ed.colleges belonging to rural and urban areas selected randomly from Rohtak city of Haryana.The study was conducted through descriptive survey method. Responsible Environment Behaviour of the college students was assessed by using Responsible Environment Behaviour Measure( REBM) by Dr. Anuradha Sindhwani. ‘t’ test was applied to find out the significance of difference between means. The results indicated that there was no significant difference in responsible environment behaviour of boys and girl B.Ed. students. The results also indicated that there was no significant difference in the responsible environment behaviour of urban and rural B.Ed . students
The Sensitivity of Numerically Simulated Cyclic Mesocyclogenesis to Variations in Model Physical and Computational Parameters

Abstract In a previous paper, a three-dimensional numerical model was used to study the evolution of successive mesocyclones produced by a single supercell storm, that is, cyclic mesocyclogenesis. Not all supercells, simulated or observed, exhibit this behavior, and few previous papers in the literature mention it. As a first step toward identifying and understanding the conditions needed to produce cyclic redevelopments within supercell updrafts, this paper examines the effect on cyclic mesocyclogenesis of variations in model physical and computational parameters. Specified changes in grid spacing, numerical diffusion, microphysics options, and the coefficient of surface friction are found to alter, in some cases dramatically, the number and duration of simulated mesocyclone cycles. For example, a decrease from 2.0 to 0.5 km in horizontal grid spacing transforms a nearly perfectly steady, noncycling supercell into one that exhibits three distinct mesocyclone cycles during the same time period. Decreasing.
Beyond Cognition: Examination of Iowa Gambling Task Performance, Negative Affective Decision-Making and High-Risk Behaviors Among Incarcerated Male Youth

Beyond Cognition: Examination of Iowa Gambling Task Performance, Negative Affective Decision-Making and High-Risk Behaviors Among Incarcerated Male Youth Christina Laitner This paper is based on a study examining the performance on the Iowa Gambling Task (IGT) of a group of male adolescents aged 16-18 years incarcerated at a secure corrections facility located near New York City. At the time of IGT administration, 45% of the study participants had been charged with crimes but not yet sentenced; 55% of the study participants had been sentenced. 61% of the subjects had been charged with having committed violent felonies and 39% of the subjects had been charged with committing non-violent felonies or misdemeanors. In an effort to contextualize the results of the study sample‟s performance on the IGT, participant performance was compared to the IGT performance of two groups of adolescents that had never been incarcerated (N = 42, N = 31). Findings demonstrate that the study sample performed significantly worse on the IGT than the community-based samples. Study participant performance was also compared to IGT performance of a group of previously incarcerated adults (N = 25). There was no statistically significant difference in the mean performances of these groups. The study also examined the relationship between antisocial behavior and psychopathic traits and decision-making (as measured by the IGT). No significant differences on IGT performance were identified between study participants charged with committing violent felonies and study participants charged with non-violent felonies and misdemeanors. No association was found between the presence or absence of psychopathic traits, specifically callous-unemotional traits, and IGT performance. Implications for research and practice are considered.
The Generation Effect in Monkeys

How well one retains new information depends on how actively it is processed during learning. Active attempts to retrieve information from memory result in more learning than passive observation of the same information (the generation effect). Here, we present evidence for the generation effect in monkeys. Subjects were trained to respond to five-item lists of photographs in a particular order. On some lists, they could request “hints” to guide their behavior; on others, they had to generate the correct order from memory. Training with hints resulted in high levels of initial performance, but accuracy dropped precipitously when the hints were removed on the criterion test. Training without hints led to relatively poor initial performance, but accuracy increased steadily and remained high on the criterion test.
Seasonality of Dissolved Organic Carbon in the Upper Northeast Pacific Ocean

From seasonal cruises in the NE Pacific Ocean during 2017, we (1) determined dissolved organic carbon concentrations; (2) calculated net community production (NCP) from nitrate drawdown; and (3) established relationships between NCP and seasonal dissolved organic carbon (DOC) accumulation in the upper 75 m. The fraction of NCP that accumulated as DOC, hereafter referred to as the net dissolved production ratio, was calculated for several stations during spring and summer. The net dissolved production ratio was about 0.26 at the oceanic station Ocean Station Papa during different seasons and years. Using nitrate concentration profiles obtained from Bio‐Argo floats during 2009–2018 operating near Ocean Station Papa, we calculated NCP at high temporal resolution and then applied the 0.26 constant in order to (4) estimate DOC variability for the 9‐year period. We found strong seasonality near Ocean Station Papa, with NCP maxima during summers ranging from 0.3 to 2.9 mol C/m2 and surface DOC concentrations estimated from 56 μmol/kg in winters to 73 μmol/kg in summers. There was a 10‐fold interannual variability in the seasonally accumulated inventory of DOC, ranging from 0.078 to 0.75 mol C/m2. This study reinforces the value of deploying floats equipped with chemical sensors in order to better understand marine biogeochemical cycles, especially when high resolution data cannot be obtained otherwise. Given that ~26% of NCP accumulates as DOC in the central Gulf of Alaska, the remaining balance of ~74% is available for export as sinking biogenic particles.
The Value of Reciprocity

The value of reciprocity in social exchange potentially comprises both instrumental value (the value of the actual benefits received from exchange) and communicative or symbolic value (the expressive and uncertainty reduction value conveyed by features of the act of reciprocity itself). While all forms of exchange provide instrumental value, we propose that the voluntary and uncertain nature of recurring reciprocal exchanges, in which actors individually give benefits to each other without formal agreements, make the act of reciprocity itself an important vehicle for conveying symbolic value. We experimentally test the value actors place on partners' voluntary acts of reciprocity—over and above the instrumental benefits obtained—by providing subjects with computer-simulated partners who systematically vary in the instrumental value, probability, and predictability of their reciprocity. Our results show that behavioral preferences are governed primarily by the instrumental value of exchange, while sentiments of trust, affective regard, and solidarity are strongly influenced by the symbolic value of constant reciprocity. We discuss implications for theories of social exchange and social capital.
Enactive Cognitive Science

This opening chapter introduces the philosophical and paradigmatic context in which the research presented in this book has been generated. It forms the foundation for the description and development of the methods employed and developed (chapter 3) and their later application (just modelling: chapters 4-7; combined modelling and experimental work: chapters 8-11). The significance of the results of each of the models and experiments for the particular research question they address is discussed within the respective chapters. The paradigmatic and methodological implications of these studies, which are the unifying research theme for the present work, are identified and evaluated in chapter 12.
[Atherosclerotic stenosis of intracranial and extracranial cerebral arteries in patients with cerebral infarction and the correlative factors].

OBJECTIVE To investigate the distribution of atherosclerotic stenosis of cerebral arteries in Chinese patients suffered from cerebral infarction, and to determine if there are any factors correlating with intracranial and extracranial atherosclerosis. METHODS For this study, we enrolled 428 consecutive in-patients with cerebral infarction, All patients were examined with transcranial Doppler ultrasonography (TCD) and carotid duplex ultrasound to detect atherosclerotic lesions in intracranial and extracranial cerebral arteries, some also were examined by magnetic resonance angiography (MRA) and/or digital subtraction angiography (DSA), they were all diagnosed as atherosclerotic cerebral artery stenosis. The patients were divided into three groups according to the different location of lesions, the frequency of risk factors of atherosclerosis and the demographic parameters were compared among these groups. RESULTS 199 cases (46.5%) had only intracranial artery stenosis, 129 cases (30.1%) had only extracranial artery stenosis, 100 cases (23.4%) had both intracranial and extracranial stenosis (combine group). Compared with the other two groups, the levels of total cholesterol and low density lipoprotein-cholesterol of the intracranial artery group are both significantly higher (TC: P(1) = 0.001, P(2) = 0.000; LDL-C: P(1) = 0.004, P(2) = 0.039), the combine group had a significant higher ratio of male than that of the intracranial artery group(P = 0.003), there were no any other atherosclerosis risk factors had association with the location of cerebral artery stenosis. CONCLUSION The occurrence of stenosis in intracranial arteries is more frequent than that in extracranial arteries in Chinese patients with cerebral infarction, and the lipid level is higher in the intracranial artery group, most risk factors of atherosclerosis may not be major determinants of location for cerebral atherosclerosis.
Health seeking behavior by families of children suspected to have malaria in Kabale: Uganda.

BACKGROUND Malaria is common among communities of Kabale district, and many young children die of the illness. Despite a good distribution of health facilities, able to handle malaria patients, families and individuals tend to depend on self-treatment, or private clinics where drugs used may be of doubtful quality. This study reports on health seeking behaviour by families with children suspected to have malaria. METHODOLOGY A community-based, cross-sectional survey among 209 rural peasant families living in 12 villages, chosen from the 5 most malaria-affected sub-counties was done. Using a questionnaire, respondents' reactions to the disease and what decisions they took were recorded. Reasons for choices such as drugs used, location of treatment and malaria control methods were recorded. RESULTS Ninety seven percent lived within easy reach of a public health facility. Over 2/3 knew how malaria was transmitted and how it presented. They believed it was best treated at public heath facilities using western type of medicine. Fifty percent of the children, who attended public health units, were treated within 24 of illness. Thirty eight percent of the caretakers knew how to correctly use chloroquine. The caretakers relied on fever, vomiting and refusal to feed as the main symptoms for their diagnosis of malaria. Only 31% of the families sought treatment from government health facilities. Fifty three percent of the families sought treatment from drug shops/vendors. Unfortunately only 38% of the families knew the correct regimen of chloroquine, 4.3% for sulpha-doxine pyrimethamine and 0.5% for quinine. One quarter could afford malaria treatment, and one out of five missed treatment because of poverty. Concerning prevention, 90% stated at least one method but only 21.2% used them. CONCLUSIONS Despite reasonable knowledge for diagnosis of malaria, awareness of correct treatment is limited. Paradoxically government health units appear to play a minor role in the treatment of malaria.
JHAVÉ—an environment to actively engage students in Web-based algorithm visualizations

In this paper, we describe JHAVÉ (Java-hosted Algorithm Visualization Environment), a client-server environment for delivering algorithm visualizations over the Web. The first section of the paper briefly summarizes prior research by a variety of investigators into the pedagogical effectiveness of algorithm visualization (AV). The design goals of JHAVÉ are then placed in the context of this research. After a discussion of some technical details of the JHAVÉ architecture, we present two examples of algorithms depicted in JHAVÉ. The results of students' exploring these algorithms with JHAVÉ are analyzed. We close with a discussion of the general conclusions reached from our current work and future directions in which it may lead.
Selling futures online advertising slots via option contracts

Many online advertising slots are sold through bidding mechanisms by publishers and search engines. Highly affected by the dual force of supply and demand, the prices of advertising slots vary significantly over time. This then influences the businesses whose major revenues are driven by online advertising, particularly for publishers and search engines. To address the problem, we propose to sell the future advertising slots via option contracts (also called ad options). The ad option can give its buyer the right to buy the future advertising slots at a prefixed price. The pricing model of ad options is developed in order to reduce the volatility of the income of publishers or search engines. Our experimental results confirm the validity of ad options and the embedded risk management mechanisms.