Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Autobiographical Memory and Culture

Autobiographical memory encompasses memory for significant personal experiences and knowledge of the self and, consequently, is critical for personal identity and psychological wellbeing (Conway & Pleydell-Pearce, 2000; Pillemer, 1998). Although autobiographical memory, like many other cognitive faculties, has been traditionally viewed as an individual matter and a product of the mind or brain, research in the past two decades has revealed the central role of culture in human cognition and remembering. Recent theories of autobiographical memory have increasingly emphasized the constructive nature of memory in the cultural context, and empirical findings have further accentuated the influence of culture on autobiographical remembering (Nelson & Fivush, 2004; Wang & Brockmeier, 2002; Wang & Ross, 2007). Against this backdrop, my collaborators and I have conducted extensive studies to examine the effect of culture on autobiographical remembering through affecting information processing at the level of the individual and by shaping social practices of remembering between individuals. This suite of research further integrates developmental, cognitive, and sociocultural perspectives to examine the mechanisms responsible for the development of autobiographical memory. We have obtained critical evidence that two intrapersonal variables – self-construal and emotion knowledge – and one interpersonal variable – parentchild reminiscing – play important roles in driving the cultural differences in the content, structure, emergency, and general accessibility of autobiographical memory. In addition, we have conducted studies to investigate how these intrapersonal and interpersonal variables themselves are influenced by culture through early socialization practices and parental beliefs and goals. Together, these studies illustrate that autobiographical memory emerges and develops as both an individual expression and a cultural product (see diagram below for illustration). Creative Commons License This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-Noncommercial-No Derivative Works 3.0 License. This article is available in Online Readings in Psychology and Culture: http://scholarworks.gvsu. edu/orpc/vol5/iss2/2
Imaging resonant modes in photonic crystal nanocavity by atomic force microscope nano-oxidation

Electric field distributions of resonant modes in a photonic crystal nanocavity were imaged using atomic force microscope nano-oxidation. A grid pattern of nano-size oxides was grown on the nanocavity to perturb the resonant modes. The perturbation caused a shift in the resonant wavelength that was proportional to the local electric field intensity of the resonant mode. The experimentally obtained field intensity images agreed excellently with the finite-difference time-domain calculations. The measured resonant mode images had high spatial resolution and image contrast, owing to the extremely local perturbation of the atomic force microscope oxidation technique.
Adapting western science to traditional African culture

In this paper the argument is advanced that, despite the differences between the scientific and the traditional ways of viewing nature, the two systems of thought are not incompatible. This position is reached from a review of the literature and on the basis of personal findings in the area. It is hoped that the article will clarify certain areas of ambiguities and serve as a stimulus for further debate.
Fitting World Wide Web request traces with the EM-algorithim

In recent years, several studies have shown that network traffic exhibits the property of self-similarity. Traditional (Poissonian) modelling approaches have been shown not to be able to describe this property and generally lead to the underestimation of interesting performance measures. Crovella and Bestavros have shown that network traffic that is due to World Wide Web transfers shows characteristics of self-similarity and they argue that this can be explained by the heavy-tailedness of many of the involved distributions. Considering these facts, developing methods which are able to handle self-similarity and heavy-tailedness is of great importance for network capacity planing purposes. In this paper we discuss two methods to fit hyper-exponential distributions to data sets which exhibit heavy-tails. One method is taken from the literature and shown to fall short. The other, new method, is shown to perform well in a number of case studies.
Ethanol, not detectably metabolized in brain, significantly reduces brain metabolism, probably via action at specific GABA(A) receptors and has measureable metabolic effects at very low concentrations

Ethanol is a known neuromodulatory agent with reported actions at a range of neurotransmitter receptors. Here, we measured the effect of alcohol on metabolism of [3‐13C]pyruvate in the adult Guinea pig brain cortical tissue slice and compared the outcomes to those from a library of ligands active in the GABAergic system as well as studying the metabolic fate of [1,2‐13C]ethanol. Analyses of metabolic profile clusters suggest that the significant reductions in metabolism induced by ethanol (10, 30 and 60 mM) are via action at neurotransmitter receptors, particularly α4β3δ receptors, whereas very low concentrations of ethanol may produce metabolic responses owing to release of GABA via GABA transporter 1 (GAT1) and the subsequent interaction of this GABA with local α5‐ or α1‐containing GABA(A)R. There was no measureable metabolism of [1,2‐13C]ethanol with no significant incorporation of 13C from [1,2‐13C]ethanol into any measured metabolite above natural abundance, although there were measurable effects on total metabolite sizes similar to those seen with unlabelled ethanol.
Creating Characters Based on the Portrait Paintings of the Chosun Period and the Death Records of the “Chosun-dynasty Sillok”

This study investigates the portrait paintings of the Chosun period and the Death Records of the Chosun-dynasty Sillok in an effort to find new methods to apply to character design. The basis of this study were 42 figures from a group of portrait paintings from the late Goryeo period to the Chosun dynasty of the 25th King, Chul-Jong. First, Chinese letters illustrating the personalities in the Death Records were classified into five groups based on the Big Five theory, which divides personalities into the Big Five Personality Traits of extraversion, agreeableness, conscientiousness, neuroticism, and openness. Secondly, a representative facial image was created through a morphing technique after extracting the portraits using a method that relied on the high frequency of the appearance of specific Chinese letters related to each personality type.
Subjective versus objective stress in noncritically ill hospitalized and outpatient adult men.

UNLABELLED A cross-sectional study of 120 subjects was performed with the purpose of evaluating stress hormones and emotional stress (anxiety) in outpatient and hospitalized subjects. The aims were to determine the degree of objective stress, as well as to correlate this finding with subjective findings, estimated using Beck's Anxiety Inventory. METHOD Three populations were investigated, namely outpatient clinical cases (Group I, n = 30), hospitalized clinical individuals (Group II, n = 30), and hospitalized surgical candidates (Group III, n = 30). Controls (Group IV, n = 30) were healthy volunteers who were health-care professionals and students. To avoid hormone interactions, only men were enrolled in all groups. All hospitalized subjects were tested on admission and before therapeutic interventions. Fasting epinephrine, norepinephrine, and cortisol were measured in the morning, and Beck's Anxiety Inventory was adminstered by a trained psychologist. RESULTS The 3 patient groups displayed higher anxiety levels than the controls. Hormone concentrations did not present remarkable changes and did not correlate with subjective stress (anxiety). CONCLUSIONS 1) Subjective disorders (as determined with Beck's Anxiety Inventory ) were a common finding in both outpatient and hospitalized populations, without differences between the various groups; 2) Objective stress (as determined by elevated hormone levels) was more difficult to confirm--findings rarely exceeded the reference range; 3) Correlation between the two variables could not be demonstrated; 4) Further studies are necessary to define stress quantification and interpretation in patient populations, especially in relationship with nutritional diagnosis and dietetic prescription.
A RESTful proxy and data model for linked sensor data

Abstract The vision of a Digital Earth calls for more dynamic information systems, new sources of information, and stronger capabilities for their integration. Sensor networks have been identified as a major information source for the Digital Earth, while Semantic Web technologies have been proposed to facilitate integration. So far, sensor data are stored and published using the Observations & Measurements standard of the Open Geospatial Consortium (OGC) as data model. With the advent of Volunteered Geographic Information and the Semantic Sensor Web, work on an ontological model gained importance within Sensor Web Enablement (SWE). In contrast to data models, an ontological approach abstracts from implementation details by focusing on modeling the physical world from the perspective of a particular domain. Ontologies restrict the interpretation of vocabularies toward their intended meaning. The ongoing paradigm shift to Linked Sensor Data complements this attempt. Two questions have to be addressed: (1) how to refer to changing and frequently updated data sets using Uniform Resource Identifiers, and (2) how to establish meaningful links between those data sets, that is, observations, sensors, features of interest, and observed properties? In this paper, we present a Linked Data model and a RESTful proxy for OGC's Sensor Observation Service to improve integration and inter-linkage of observation data for the Digital Earth.
Gender differences in the relationship between workplace friendships and organisational outcomes

The current study investigated gender differences in (a) perceived benefits of workplace friendships and (b) the relationship between friendship factors and organisational outcomes. Four hundred and forty-five respondents completed a questionnaire which asked them to describe the benefits they received from workplace friends, and which measured workplace friendship prevalence and opportunities, workgroup cohesion, job satisfaction, organisational commitment and intention to leave. Friendships at work were found to be significantly more strongly correlated with job satisfaction for men. In addition, women were significantly more likely than men to describe the benefits of workplace friendship in terms of social and emotional support, while men were more likely to focus on the benefits friends provided them in their career or in functional aspects of “getting the job done”. Findings are discussed in the context of other organisational and gender research.
PrePPI: a structure-informed database of protein–protein interactions

PrePPI (http://bhapp.c2b2.columbia.edu/PrePPI) is a database that combines predicted and experimentally determined protein–protein interactions (PPIs) using a Bayesian framework. Predicted interactions are assigned probabilities of being correct, which are derived from calculated likelihood ratios (LRs) by combining structural, functional, evolutionary and expression information, with the most important contribution coming from structure. Experimentally determined interactions are compiled from a set of public databases that manually collect PPIs from the literature and are also assigned LRs. A final probability is then assigned to every interaction by combining the LRs for both predicted and experimentally determined interactions. The current version of PrePPI contains ∼2 million PPIs that have a probability more than ∼0.1 of which ∼60 000 PPIs for yeast and ∼370 000 PPIs for human are considered high confidence (probability > 0.5). The PrePPI database constitutes an integrated resource that enables users to examine aggregate information on PPIs, including both known and potentially novel interactions, and that provides structural models for many of the PPIs.
Normalization Design of XML Database Schema for Eliminating Redundant Schemas and Satisfying Lossless Join

Normalization design of XML database schema is to produce a set of XML schemas or DTDs that can well represent data dependencies and eliminate redundancies. In the current researches on normalization design of XML database schema, redundancies in XML database schema are not studied specially and classified, and normalization design algorithms are only converting an initial schema into one in one of normal forms proposed in these researches. The paper defines hierarchical schema representing XML database schema and corresponding normal forms - first normal form (INF) and second normal form (2NF) for XML database schema, and presents the algorithm eliminating redundant schemas and normalization design algorithm for 2NF. In XML database schema in 1NF, the set of full and embedded MVDs are implied by the given set of MVDs. XML database schema in 2NF satifies properties for 1NF, eliminates reduant schemas, and satifies lossless join property.
A 2.2 GHz -242 dB-FOM 4.2 mW ADC-PLL Using Digital Sub-Sampling Architecture

This paper presents an all-digital phase-locked loop (AD-PLL) using a voltage-domain digitization realized by an analog-to-digital converter (ADC) instead of adopting a traditional time-to-digital converter (TDC) which usually suffers from a tradeoff in resolution and power consumption. It consists of an 18 bit class-C digitally controlled oscillator (DCO), a 4 bit comparator, a digital loop filter (DLF), and a frequency-locked loop (FLL). Implemented in 65 nm CMOS technology, the proposed PLL reaches an in-band phase noise of -112 dBc/Hz and an RMS jitter of 380 fs at a carrier frequency of 2.2 GHz. A figure of merit (FoM) of -242 dB was achieved with a power consumption of only 4.2 mW.
Diagnostic and Prognostic Value of microRNA-21 in Colorectal Cancer: An Original Study and Individual Participant Data Meta-analysis

Background: We aimed to systematically summarize the diagnostic and prognostic value of circulating/tissue miR21 in patients with colorectal cancer. Methods: An original study was conducted to explore the potential value of circulating miR21 in colorectal cancer diagnosis and tissue miR21 in colorectal cancer prognosis. PUBMED and EMBASE were searched (to August, 2013) to identify eligible studies. To explore the diagnostic performance of circulating miR21, meta-analysis methods were used to pool sensitivity, specificity, positive and negative likelihood ratio, diagnostic OR and to construct a summary ROC curve. For prognostic meta-analysis, study-specific HRs of tissue miR21 for survival were summarized. Subgroup and sensitivity analyses were applied to explore heterogeneity. Results: Finally, 14 studies (including our study) were included in the meta-analyses. The pooled sensitivity, specificity, and AUC of circulating miR21 were 0.76 [95% confidence interval (CI), 0.59–0.88], 0.81 (95% CI, 0.76–0.85), and 0.81 (95% CI, 0.78–0.85) in diagnosing colorectal cancer. Patients with higher expression of tissue miR21 had significant inferior overall survival (OS; pooled HR, 1.56; 95% CI, 1.16–2.11) and disease-free survival (DFS; pooled HR, 1.35; 95% CI, 1.08–1.69). The individual participant data (IPD) meta-analysis demonstrated that tissue miR21 level was independently associated with worse colorectal cancer OS (HR, 1.69; 95% CI, 1.07–2.67; P = 0.023), whereas this association seems to be confined to males (P = 0.007) but not for females (P = 0.845). Conclusions: Circulating miR21 level has potential value for colorectal cancer early detection, whereas high tissue miR21 level is associated with adverse colorectal cancer prognosis. Impact: miR21 is a promising biomarker for early detection and prognosis of colorectal cancer. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev; 23(12); 2783–92. ©2014 AACR.
Corpus Callosum Morphology and Microstructure Assessed Using Structural MR Imaging and Diffusion Tensor Imaging: Initial Findings in Adults with Neurofibromatosis Type 1

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Imaging studies have shown that children with NF-1 have increased brain volumes compared with age-matched controls and the CCs are disproportionately large. The purpose of this study was to determine if the CC in adults with NF-1 differed from that in matched controls by using DTI and volumetric imaging. MATERIALS AND METHODS: MR imaging with DTI was performed in 10 adults with NF-1 and in 10 age-, sex-, and handedness-matched controls by using a 3T system. Total brain volumes and the areas and central lengths of the CC were calculated, along with the radial width of callosal subdivisions, in the 2 groups. RESULTS: Our results showed that the total brain volume was not significantly different between adults with NF-1 and matched controls. The length and total cross-sectional area of the CC were statistically larger in adults with NF-1 compared with controls (approximately 10% longer and 20% greater area). On DTI we found a preservation of the primary eigenvalue with increases in the minor eigenvalues at the genu. CONCLUSIONS: We have shown that the increased size of the CC found in children with NF-1 is also present in adults with the syndrome, whereas no difference in total brain volume was found.
Phonological development in lexically precocious 2-year-olds

To examine interactions between young children's vocabulary size and their phonological abilities, spontaneous language samples were collected from 24-month-olds with precocious lexicons, their age mates (24-month-olds with average-sized lexicons), and their vocabulary mates (30-month-olds with average-sized lexicons). Phonological ability was measured in a variety of ways, such as the number of different consonants that were targeted, the number of different consonants produced correctly, the percentage of consonants produced correctly, and the occurrence of phonological processes. The lexically precocious 24-month-olds were similar to their vocabulary mates on most measures of phonological ability, and both of these groups were generally superior to the 24-month-olds with smaller lexicons. These findings supported a hypothesized relationship between lexicon size and phonological performance, and demonstrated that 2-year-olds' phonological development is more closely related to size of the lexicon than chronological age.
Propiedades psicométricas de la Escala MESSY (versión autoinforme) en niños argentinos

Psychometric properties of the MESSY Scale (self-assessment) in Argentinean children This study examines the psychometric properties of the Matson Evaluation of Social Skills with Youngsters (Matson, Rotatori & Helsel, 1983), which assesses specific social skills involved in adaptive and non-adaptive behaviors. The factor structure and internal consistency were studied in a sample of children from Cordoba (n = 578) of 7 to 13 years old (M = 9.48, SD = 1.47) of both sexes (52.77% males). An exploratory study of data and variables was conducted; then the factor structure was studied. Results suggest that the structure of five factors was the simplest and theoretically most consistent: Aggressiveness/Antisocial Behavior, Appropriate Social Skills, Friendship, Overconfidence/Jealousy/Pride and Loneliness/Social Anxiety. The internal consistent coefficients were good or acceptable in most dimensions. Gender differences observed in the dimensions and total score provide evidence of the validity of the instrument.
Self-doubters, strugglers, storytellers, surfers and others: Images of self-identities in organization studies

This article provides an overview of the key images of identity in organizations found in the research literature. Image refers to the overall idea or conceptualization, capturing how researchers relate to — and shape — a phenomenon. Seven images are suggested: self-doubters, strugglers, surfers, storytellers, strategists, stencils and soldiers. These refer to how the individual is metaphorically understood in terms of identity, that is, how the researcher (research text) captures the individual producing a sense of self. The article aims to facilitate orientation — or encourage productive confusion — within the field, encourage reflexivity and sharpen analytic choices through awareness of options for how to conceptualize self-identity constructions.
Modeling and Simulation of Nucleate Boiling

This work investigates the modelization and simulation of liquid-vapor phase change in compressible flows. Each phase is modeled as a compressible fluid equipped with its own Equation of State (EOS). We suppose that inter-phase equilibrium processes in the medium operate at a short timescale compared to the other physical phenomena such as convection or thermal diffusion. This assumption provides an implicit definition of an equilibrium EOS for the two-phase medium. Within this framework, mass transfer is the result of local and instantaneous equilibria between both phases. The overall model is strictly hyperbolic. We examine properties of the equilibrium EOS and we propose a discretization strategy based on a Finite-Volume relaxation method. This method allows to cope with the implicit definition of the equilibrium EOS, even when the model involves complex EOSs for the pure phases, including tabulated ones. We present two-dimensional numerical simulations that shows that the model is able to reproduce mechanism such as nucleation.
Teacher Learning, Instructional Considerations and Principal Communication: Lessons from a Longitudinal Study of Collaborative Data Use by Teachers

Drawing from a three-year qualitative multi-case study that examined three urban elementary schools as these schools instituted grade-level data-based collaboration as a school-wide literacy reform strategy, this article investigates how knowledge of student learning and instructional considerations evolved over time across this collection of grade-level teams from data-based collaboration. For grade-level teams in this study, the generation of student learning knowledge from data-based collaboration was not an automatic outcome, but one that developed over time. The activation and use of student learning knowledge for instructional considerations also developed over time but varied by type of instructional consideration. Principal communication associated with data-based collaboration, a facet of their role as reform sensegivers, is also explored as a factor of influence related to the generation of student learning knowledge and activation and use of knowledge for instructional considerations from data-based collaboration. Of importance, the content of principal communication evolved over time for all three principals and appeared to shape the design and introduction of proximal tools and processes that supported grade-level data-based collaboration that in turn influenced the ways in which student learning knowledge and instructional considerations developed from data-based practices over time. Implications for policy and practice are considered.