Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Notes on the Localization of Generalized Hexagonal Cellular Networks

The act of accessing the exact location, or position, of a node in a network is known as the localization of a network. In this methodology, the precise location of each node within a network can be made in the terms of certain chosen nodes in a subset. This subset is known as the locating set and its minimum cardinality is called the locating number of a network. The generalized hexagonal cellular network is a novel structure for the planning and analysis of a network. In this work, we considered conducting the localization of a generalized hexagonal cellular network. Moreover, we determined and proved the exact locating number for this network. Furthermore, in this technique, each node of a generalized hexagonal cellular network can be accessed uniquely. Lastly, we also discussed the generalized version of the locating set and locating number.
Higher-Order Theories of Piezoelectric Plates and Applications

This review article summarizes the development of higher order theories for the dynamic analysis of piezoelectric plates, and describes their applications, especially for crystal resonators. The theories are categorized according to how the displacement components and electric potential are assumed to vary through the plate thickness. The greatest attention has been given to ordinary polynomial variations, especially the efforts of RD Mindlin and HF Tiersten and their coworkers. Considerable progress has also been made using trigonometric series representations, especially by PCY Lee and his coworkers. Legendre polynomial and normal mode expansions have also been developed. Both analytical and finite element methods of dealing with problems are described. The article contains 174 references.
An experimental, behavioral, and chemical analysis of food limitations in mutualistic Crematogaster ant symbionts inhabiting Macaranga host plants

Abstract Obligate mutualistic plant–ants are often constrained by their plant partner's capacity to provide resources. However, despite this limitation, some ant partners actively reject potential prey items and instead drop them from the plant rather than consuming them, leaving the ants entirely reliant on host plant‐provided food, including that provided indirectly by the symbiotic scale insects that ants tend inside the plants. This dependency potentially increases the efficiency of these ants in defending their host. We hypothesize that if this ant behavior was beneficial to the symbiosis, prey rejection by ants would be observed across multiple plant host species. We also hypothesize that plant‐provided food items and symbiotic scale insects from other ant plants should be rejected. We address these hypotheses in the Crematogaster ant–Macaranga plant system, in which plants provide living space and food, while ants protect plants from herbivory. We observed food acceptance and rejection behavior across five ant species and three plant host species. Ants were offered three types of food: termites as a surrogate herbivore, symbiotic scale insects, and nutritious food bodies (FB) produced by different host plant species. The unique ant species living in M. winkleri was the most likely to reject food items not provided by the plant species, followed by ants in M. glandibracteolata, while ants in M. pearsonii accepted most items offered to them. Using stable isotopes, chemical cues, and proteomic analyses, we demonstrate that this behavior was not related to differences between plant species in nutritional quality or composition of FB. Isotopic signatures revealed that certain species are primary consumers but other ant species can be secondary consumers even where surrogate herbivores are rejected, although these values varied depending on the ant developmental stage and plant species. Macaranga pearsonii and M. glandibracteolata, the two most closely related plant species, had most similar surface chemical cues of FB. However, M. glandibracteolata had strongest differences in food body nutritional content, isotopic signatures, and protein composition from either of the other two plant species studied. Taken together we believe our results point toward potential host coercion of symbiont ants by plants in the genus Macaranga Thouars (Euphorbiaceae).
Aerosol Optical Characteristics in the Yellow Sand Events Observed in May, 1982 at Nagasaki-Part II Models

Phase functions of yellow sand particles were measured by a polar nephelometer during 24 April-11 May, 1982 at Nagasaki, Japan. They suggested a strong nonsphericity of the particles, which can be reconstructed by the semi-empirical theory of Pollack and Cuzzi or by Mie particles with large fictitious absorption. Spectral extinction cross section, single scattering albedo, asymmetry factor and backscattering phase function were estimated using the volume spectra retrieved from data of several instruments including the polar nephelometer data. Volume loading of yellow sand particles at the observation site was estimated as 666l/km2 at the maximum stage of the yellow sand event of 4-6 May and 183l/km2 for the secondary maximum of 8 May. Using two estimates of the absorption index (0.01 and a model variable with wavelengths), these values show that solar radiative heating from 0.08 to 0.4*/day can be expected in the atmosphere over considerably wide area in one yellow sand event.
Association of the awareness of the epidemic, mental health status with mobile phone screen use time in Chinese college students during COVID-19 isolation and control

Objective This study aimed to investigate the awareness of the epidemic among college students and their mental health as well as to explore the association between their awareness of the epidemic mental health and the daily mobile phone screen use time, in order to provide guidance for the publicity of school epidemic prevention and control knowledge and the psychological counseling of students. Methods A cross-sectional design was employed among 780 college students, The Pandemic Fatigue Questionnaire, epidemic prevention and control knowledge and the mental health Scale were used to collect data through an online survey. Results 1. Awareness rate of the transmission routes and protective measures of COVID-19 among college students is higher when the daily mobile screen use time is 3–7 hours. 2. 21.79% of the 780 college students felt stressed; 24.87% felt anxious; 19.23% showed depression. 3. The scores of each subscale in the daily mobile phone screen use time of 3–7 hours and more than 7 hours were higher, and the scores of each subscale in the group of more than 7 hours were the highest. Further correlation analysis found that the time spent on mobile phone screens was positively correlated with stress, anxiety, and depression scores (r = 0.155, 0.180, 0.182, P<0.01). Conclusion During the COVID-19 isolation and control period, college students with different mobile screen usage time have different understandings of the epidemic. Long-term mobile screen use is related to the occurrence of psychological problems such as stress, anxiety, and depression. Therefore, education departments and schools should pay attention to college students’ mobile phone use time to reduce the occurrence of bad psychological state of students.
Psychometric Properties of Suboptimal Health Status Instruments: A Systematic Review

Background: Suboptimal health status (SHS) measurement has now been recognized as an essential construct in predictive, preventive, and personalized medicine. Currently, there are limited tools, and an ongoing debate about appropriate tools. Therefore, it is crucial to evaluate and generate conclusive evidence about the psychometric properties of available SHS tools. Objective: This research aimed to identify and critically assess the psychometric properties of available SHS instruments and provide recommendations for their future use. Methods: Articles were retrieved by following the guidelines of the PRISMA checklist, and the robustness of methods and evidence about the measurement properties was assessed using the adapted COSMIN checklist. The review was registered in PROSPERO. Results: The systematic review identified 14 publications describing four subjective SHS measures with established psychometric properties; these included the Suboptimal Health Status Questionnaire-25 (SHSQ-25), Sub-health Measurement Scale Version 1.0 (SHMS V1.0), Multidimensional Sub-health Questionnaire of Adolescents (MSQA), and the Sub-Health Self-Rating Scale (SSS). Most studies were conducted in China and reported three reliability indices: (1) the internal consistency measured by Cronbach’s α value ranged between 0.70 and 0.96; (2) the test–retest reliability; and (3) the split-half reliability coefficient values ranged between 0.64 and 0.98, and between 0.83 and 0.96, respectively. For the values of validity coefficients in the case of SHSQ-25 > 0.71, the SHMS-1.0 ranged from 0.64 to 0.87, and the SSS ranged from 0.74 to 0.96. Using these existing and well-characterized tools rather than constructing original tools is beneficial, given that the existing choice demonstrated sound psychometric properties and established norms. Conclusions: The SHSQ-25 stood out as being more suitable for the general population and routine health surveys, because it is short and easy to complete. Therefore, there is a need to adapt this tool by translating it into other languages, including Arabic, and establishing norms based on populations from other regions of the world.
Group Theory and Symmetries in Particle Physics

This report presents a survey of symmetries and the various applications of their mathematical framework, group theory, in modern particle physics. The text is a result of literature studies and is of introductory character, chiefly aimed at undergraduate students and graduate students with some prior knowledge of quantum mechanics, special relativity and analytical mechanics who wish to learn elementary group theory. Hence, both the pedagogical nature of the text and the physical and mathematical reasoning are of importance. The survey is illustrated in the main part of this report in form of a book, constructed in such a manner that it potentially may serve as future course literature. In the first chapters of the book, mathematical formalism is presented which is required to understand the physical theories. The latter chapters focus on physical applications, especially the classification of elementary particles according to external and internal symmetries. Finally, an overview is provided of several occurrences of these symmetries in the realm of particle physics. Moreover, a discussion regarding the challenges and opportunities of this field with a teaching aspect is conducted as an evaluation of the project.
Numerical methods for fluids

Chapter I The Navier-Stokes equations for incompressible viscous fluids: derivation of the Navier-Stokes equations for viscous fluids initial and boundary conditions a stream function-vorticity formulation of the Navier-Stokes equations a brief introduction to Sobolev spaces variational formulations of the Navier-Stokes equations a short review of mathematical results for the Navier-Stokes equations. Chapter II A family of operator splitting methods for initial value problems - application to the Navier-Stokes equations: a family of initial value problems the Peaceman-Rachford method the Douglas-Rachford method A-scheme application to the Navier-Stokes equations. Chapter III Iterative solution of the advection-diffusion subproblems: classical and variational formulations of the advection-diffusion subproblems associated with the operator splitting schemes linear variational problems in Hilbert spaces variational methods for the solution of the advection-diffusion problems (13.1) and (13.2) conjugate gradient methods for the solution of minimization problems in Hilbert spaces least-squares solution of linear and nonlinear problems in Hilbert spaces least-squares/conjugate gradient solution of problems (13.1) and (13.2). Chapter IV Iterative solution of the Stokes subproblems: mathematical properties of the generalized Stokes problem (GS)1 gradient methods for the Stokes problem conjugate gradient methods for the Stokes problem (GS)1 iterative solution of the generalized Stokes problem (GS)2 on artificial compressibility methods and further comments. Chapter V Finite element approximation of the Navier-Stokes equations: solution of the Stokes problem with periodic boundary conditions a Fourier analysis of the numerical instability mechanism finite element implementation of the scheme (11.5)-(11.8) on the numerical solution of the discrete subproblems. Chapter VI Treatment of the advection by a wave-like equation method and by backward methods of characteristics: more on operator-splitting methods a wave-like equation method for solving the Navier-Stokes equations solution of the Navier-Stokes equations by backward methods of characteristics on the treatment of the advection by upwinding. Chapter VII On L2-projection methods for the numerical treatment of the incompressibility: combining L2-projection methods with operator-splitting schemes la Peaceman-Rachford and Douglas-Rachford, and with the scheme combining L2-projection methods with operator splitting schemes la Marchuk-Yanenko numerical experiments. Chapter VIII Fictitious domain methods for incompressible viscous flow - application to particulate flow. Chapter X Complements - from stream function-vorticity to flow control.
Visual Spatial Attention and Proprioceptive Data-Driven Reinforcement Learning for Robust Peg-in-Hole Task Under Variable Conditions

Anchor-bolt insertion is a peg-in-hole task performed in the construction field for holes in concrete. Efforts have been made to automate this task, but the variable lighting and hole surface conditions, as well as the requirements for short setup and task execution time make the automation challenging. In this study, we introduce a vision and proprioceptive data-driven robot control model for this task that is robust to challenging lighting and hole surface conditions. This model consists of a spatial attention point network (SAP) and a deep reinforcement learning (DRL) policy that are trained jointly end-to-end to control the robot. The model is trained in an offline manner, with a sample-efficient framework designed to reduce training time and minimize the reality gap when transferring the model to the physical world. Through evaluations with an industrial robot performing the task in 12 unknown holes, starting from 16 different initial positions, and under three different lighting conditions (two with misleading shadows), we demonstrate that SAP can generate relevant attention points of the image even in challenging lighting conditions. We also show that the proposed model enables task execution with higher success rate and shorter task completion time than various baselines. Due to the proposed model's high effectiveness even in severe lighting, initial positions, and hole conditions, and the offline training framework's high sample-efficiency and short training time, this approach can be easily applied to construction.
HPLC Analysis of Polyphenolic Compounds in Lysimachia nummularia L. and Comparative Determination of Antioxidant Capacity

Lysimachia nummularia L. is a perennial herbaceous plant rich in bioactive compounds, which can be utilized for medicinal purposes. The present work aims to analyze the phenolic compounds from different parts of the Lysimachia nummularia L. plant using the HPLC technique: Lysimachiae radix (the root part), Lysimachiae herba (the aerial part), Lysimachiae flores (flowers). In order to determine the phenolic compounds, extraction from the three categories of vegetable products was performed with ethanol 70% (v/v) using three extraction methods: (i) Soxhlet extraction, (ii) maceration and (iii) ultrasonic-assisted extraction. The content of polyphenols was determined by the Folin–Ciocalteu method, and the antioxidant activity was evaluated by the DPPH, ABTS, FRAP and CUPRAC methods. The antioxidant activity was correlated with the content of phenolic compounds in the analyzed extracts. The following phenolic compounds were separated, identified and quantified: 3-O-methylgallic, gallic, ferulic, caffeic, chlorogenic, p-coumaric acids and trans-resveratrol. According to the experimental data, the highest content of total polyphenols was observed in the hydroethanolic extract from Lysimachiae flores (22.10 ± 1.48 mg gallic acid/g), which also presented remarkable antioxidant activity.
A study on the useful number of dimension reduction in retrieving similar documents using random projection

Recently, it has become able to access to the huge amount of documents through the Internet, fine document retrieval technologies have been required. In this study, we especially discussed a retrieval technology that can retrieve similar documents. In similar document retrieval technology, each document is firstly analyzed by morphological analysis and is expressed with a document vector consisting of the words of the document with the values of tfidf index which expresses the important degree of the words in the document. The similarity between documents is estimated with cosine similarity, however, the number of the dimension of a document vector corresponds to that of the words included in the document, therefore, in general the number of the dimension would become considerably large, as the number of the target documents increases. Since it is quite hard to obtain cosine similarity between high dimensional vectors because of the expensive cost of calculation. Therefore, in this study, we attempt to raise the speed of retrieving similar documents keeping its accuracy as much as possible by introducing random projection in vector calculus. Furthermore, when reducing the dimension of a document vector, we have conducted an experiment to verify the useful number of dimensions reduction for raising retrieval speed keeping its accuracy as much as possible. We show the result of the experiment and discuss it.
An Introduction to Finite Diffference Methods for PDEs in Finance

I discuss in an elementary manner the practical aspects of designing monotone Finite Difference schemes for Hamilton-Jacobi-Bellman equations arising in Quantitative Finance. These are nonlinear equations for which classic Finite Difference methods may fail to converge to the correct solution. The approach based on the theory of viscosity solutions allows us to construct robust numerical approximations.
Examining the Effect of Attribute Representation on Preference Uncertainty

The representation of attributes in choice experiments has significant implications for valuation as well as forecasting as attributes represented in a manner not easily understood by the respondents can affect their decision making. This paper examines the effect of different methods of attribute representation on preference uncertainty. A Stated Preference (SP) survey was conducted to evaluate the importance of apartment characteristics in residential choice in the Telheiras area of Lisbon. Different levels of noise, sunlight, view and housing service charge were offered to the respondents to evaluate the impact of these on residential choice. The SP survey was classified into two independent experiments with different representations of noise, sunlight and view. In the first experiment, these attributes were represented using the location method while linguistic representation was used in the second experiment. For the two experiments, binary choices as well as five point Likert scale was offered to capture preference uncertainty. Nested logit and Error Components model are used to analyse the responses gathered from the five point Likert scale while binary logit model is used for the binary choices. The results obtained from these models are compared across the two experiments to analyse the effect of different attribute representation techniques on respondent preference uncertainty.
Ultrafast Nucleic Acid Detection Equipment with Silicon-Based Microfluidic Chip

Recently, infectious diseases, such as COVID-19, monkeypox, and Ebola, are plaguing human beings. Rapid and accurate diagnosis methods are required to preclude the spread of diseases. In this paper, an ultrafast polymerase chain reaction (PCR) equipment is designed to detect virus. The equipment consists of a silicon-based PCR chip, a thermocycling module, an optical detection module, and a control module. Silicon-based chip, with its thermal and fluid design, is used to improve detection efficiency. A thermoelectric cooler (TEC), together with a computer-controlled proportional–integral–derivative (PID) controller, is applied to accelerate the thermal cycle. A maximum of four samples can be tested simultaneously on the chip. Two kinds of fluorescent molecules can be detected by optical detection module. The equipment can detect viruses with 40 PCR amplification cycles in 5 min. The equipment is portable, easily operated, and low equipment cost, which shows great potential in epidemic prevention.
New approach to weighted subspace fitting using subspace perturbation expansions

Weighted Subspace Fitting (WSF) is a method of estimating signal parameters from a subspace of a matrix of received data. WSF was originally derived using the asymptotic statistics of sample eigenvectors. This paper presents a new approach to deriving statistically optimal for WSF algorithms. The approach uses a formula called a 'subspace perturbation expansion', which shows how the subspaces of a finite-size matrix change when the matrix elements are perturbed. The perturbation expansion is used to derive an optimal WSF cost function for estimating directions of arrival in array signal processing. The resulting cost function is identical to that obtained using asymptotic statistics.
The First Passage Time Distribution for a Parallel Exponential System with Repair.

Abstract : In system reliability studies, one obtains via a fault tree analysis, the various combinations of possible events which lead to system failure. These events can be characterized by a collection of minimal cut sets; a minimal cut set of components has the property that if all components in the set are simultaneously out of order the system fails, independently of the behavior of other components, and is minimal in that none of its proper subsets has this property. The author obtains the generating function, moments and asymptotic distribution for the first passage time distribution of a parallel system. These, used in conjunction with the Esary-Proschan inequality, should yield good approximations to system reliability.
Space Lidar and Applications

With advances in lasers and electro-optic technology, lidar is becoming an established technique for remote sensing of the Earth and planets from space. Some of the earliest space-based lidar measurements were made in the early 1970s from lunar orbit using the laser altimeter on the Apollo 15 mission. Space lidar instruments in active use today include the MOLA instrument aboard the Mars Global Surveyor mission and the Near Laser Rangefinder on the Near Earth Asteroid Rendezvous (NEAR) Mission. This talk will review laser remote sensing techniques, critical technologies, and some results from past and present NASA missions. It will also review near term plans for NASA's ICESat and Picasso missions and summarize some concepts for lidar on future missions.