Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
A multisized piezoelectric microcantilever biosensor array for the quantitative analysis of mass and surface stress

A multisized piezoelectric microcantilever biosensor array with scaling down in two dimensions is presented as a multifunctional resonant cantilever-based sensor platform. The multisized microcantilever array allowed simultaneous sensing of the surface stress as well as mass. The adsorption-induced surface stress and resulting spring constant change were analyzed in the multisized microcantilever array, and a mass sensitivity in the femtogram regime was demonstrated. The array sensor was used to immobilize human IgG on its cantilever surface, suggesting that the dynamic and simultaneous analysis of both adsorption-induced mass and the surface stress is feasible.
Significant Change in In-Plane Magnetic Anisotropy of (Ga,Mn)As Epilayer Induced by Low-Temperature Annealing

We find significant changes in the in-plane magnetic anisotropy of a (Ga,Mn)As epilayer by low-temperature annealing. Detailed magnetization and transport measurements reveal an enhancement in the contribution of a uniaxial anisotropy along [110] after annealing. The change in the magnetic anisotropy is affected by increasing hole concentration due to the annealing.
Room-temperature InGaAs camera for NIR imaging

A room temperature camera based on a 128 X 128 pixel InGaAs focal plane array (FPA) is described. The photodiode array (PDA) was a backside-illuminated device with an In.53Ga. 47As epitaxial active layer deposited on an InP substrate. The PDA was bump- bonded to a silicon CMOS readout multiplexer. The FPA was sensitive from below 0.9 micrometers (the cutoff of the substrate) to 1.7 micrometers (the bandgap of the active layer). At room temperature, the mean detectivity of the FPA, D*(lambda pk), exceeded 1013 cm-(root)Hz/W and increased to 3.5 X 1014 cm-(root)Hz/W when cooled to 230 K. Potential applications for this wavelength band are discussed.
Change detection in synthetic aperture radar images based on non-local means with ratio similarity measurement

Image change detection is of widespread interest due to a large number of applications in diverse disciplines. In this study, a novel change detection approach for synthetic aperture radar (SAR) images based on a non-local means algorithm is proposed. A non-local means technique is introduced to generate a difference image by using complete information from a pair of observed images. To take the characteristics of SAR images into account, a new ratio-based relativity measurement between two speckled SAR image patches based on a ratio distance is proposed. Theoretical analysis indicates that the ratio distance is valid for SAR images. The probability density function of the ratio distance is deduced to map the distance into a relativity value. Furthermore, the ratio distance and the probability density function are both parameter-free. The new non-local means technique is successfully applied to extend the classical mean-ratio detector for SAR image detection. Experimental results on real SAR images show that the proposed approach is robust to speckle noise and effective for the detection of change information between multitemporal SAR images.
Systemic and Airway Epigenetic Disruptions Are Associated with Health Status in COPD

Epigenetic modifications are common in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD); however, their clinical relevance is largely unknown. We hypothesized that epigenetic disruptions are associated with symptoms and health status in COPD. We profiled the blood (n = 57) and airways (n = 62) of COPD patients for DNA methylation (n = 55 paired). The patients’ health status was assessed using the St. George’s Respiratory Questionnaire (SGRQ). We conducted differential methylation analyses and identified pathways characterized by epigenetic disruptions associated with SGRQ scores and its individual domains. 29,211 and 5044 differentially methylated positions (DMPs) were associated with total SGRQ scores in blood and airway samples, respectively. The activity, impact, and symptom domains were associated with 9161, 25,689 and 17,293 DMPs in blood, respectively; and 4674, 3730 and 5063 DMPs in airways, respectively. There was a substantial overlap of DMPs between airway and blood. DMPs were enriched for pathways related to common co-morbidities of COPD (e.g., ageing, cancer and neurological) in both tissues. Health status in COPD is associated with airway and systemic epigenetic changes especially in pathways related to co-morbidities of COPD. There are more blood DMPs than in the airways suggesting that blood epigenome is a promising source to discover biomarkers for clinical outcomes in COPD.
Optical-resolution photoacoustic microscopy based on two-dimensional scanning galvanometer

An optical-resolution photoacoustic microscopy system was designed and fabricated by integration of a two-dimensional scanning galvanometer, an objective lens, an unfocused ultrasound transducer, and a sample stage. The lateral resolution of the system was measured to be ∼500 nm. Ex vivo erythrocytes were used to test the imaging capability of the system, and a single erythrocyte was mapped with high contrast. Furthermore, invivo blood vessels of a mouse ear were clearly shown, and the injured blood vessels were also monitored. The experimental results demonstrate that galvanometer-based photoacoustic microscopy holds clinical potential in detecting lesion of erythrocyte and blood vessel.
Best Response Analysis in Two Person Quantum Games

In this paper, we find particular use for a maximally entangled initial state that produces a quantized version of two player two strategy games. When applied to a variant of the well-known game of Chicken, our construction shows the existence of new Nash equilibria with the players receiving better payoffs than those found in literature.
Improving the Display of Wind Patterns and Ocean Currents

Considerable effort has gone into building numerical weather and ocean prediction models during the past 50 years. Less effort has gone into the visual representation of output from those forecast models and many of the techniques used are known to be ineffective. The effectiveness of a data display depends on how well critical patterns can be perceived. This paper outlines a set of perceptual principles for what makes a good representation of a 2D vector field and shows how these principles can be used for the portrayal of currents, winds, and waves. Examples are given from a series of evaluation studies that examine the optimal representation of these variables. The results suggest that for static graphic presentations, equally spaced streamlines may be optimal. If wind barbs are curved to follow streamlines, perception of local wind speed and direction as well as the overall pattern is improved. For animated portrayals of model output, animated streamlets can perceptually separate layers of information.
Liquid water path and plane-parallel albedo bias during ASTEX

Abstract Inhomogeneous distributions of liquid water like those observed in real clouds generally reflect less solar radiation than idealized uniform distributions assumed in plane-parallel theory. Here the authors determine cloud reflectivity and the associated plane-parallel albedo bias from distributions of liquid water path derived from 28 days of microwave radiometer measurements obtained on Porto Santo Island in the Madeiras during June 1992 as part of the Atlantic Stratocumulus Transition Experiment (ASTEX). The distributions are determined for each hour of the day, both for composites of the full act of 28 days and for a subset of 8 days having a high fraction of relatively thick cloud. Both sets are compared with results obtained from California stratocumulus during FM [First ISCCP (International Satellite Cloud Climatology Project) Regional Experiment]. In FIRE the albedo bin was dominated by variability of the cloud optical depth, as measured by a fractal parameter, 0≤ f 0 ≤ 1, while the ASTEX .
Two-dimensional transonic wind-tunnel wall interference corrections based on the Euler equations

A procedure for the evaluation of wall interference corrections for two-dimensional models is presented. The Mach number and angle-of-attack corrections require the numerical solution of the Euler equations. Pressure measurements are required near the wind tunnel walls. The correction procedure also requires knowledge of the free-stream Mach number, the model geometry, and the lift force experienced by the model. The residual interference not accounted for by the Mach number and angle-of-attack corrections is estimated.
Progress in Plasmonic Sensors as Monitoring Tools for Aquaculture Quality Control

Aquaculture is an expanding economic sector that nourishes the world’s growing population due to its nutritional significance over the years as a source of high-quality proteins. However, it has faced severe challenges due to significant cases of environmental pollution, pathogen outbreaks, and the lack of traceability that guarantees the quality assurance of its products. Such context has prompted many researchers to work on the development of novel, affordable, and reliable technologies, many based on nanophotonic sensing methodologies. These emerging technologies, such as surface plasmon resonance (SPR), localised SPR (LSPR), and fibre-optic SPR (FO-SPR) systems, overcome many of the drawbacks of conventional analytical tools in terms of portability, reagent and solvent use, and the simplicity of sample pre-treatments, which would benefit a more sustainable and profitable aquaculture. To highlight the current progress made in these technologies that would allow them to be transferred for implementation in the field, along with the lag with respect to the most cutting-edge plasmonic sensing, this review provides a variety of information on recent advances in these emerging methodologies that can be used to comprehensively monitor the various operations involving the different commercial stages of farmed aquaculture. For example, to detect environmental hazards, track fish health through biochemical indicators, and monitor disease and biosecurity of fish meat products. Furthermore, it highlights the critical issues associated with these technologies, how to integrate them into farming facilities, and the challenges and prospects of developing plasmonic-based sensors for aquaculture.
Nonlinear Design Loads for Maneuvering Elastic Aircraft

A computationally efficient scheme for maneuver load analysis, based on nonlinear aerodynamics, is presented. The kernel of the scheme is a computational fluid dynamics (CFD) code for solving the Euler/Navier-Stokes equations for a fixed-shape configuration. A modal structural model is used for elastic-shape updates, and a trim corrections algorithm is used for varying the incidences and control surface deflections until the user-defined maneuver is attained. Computational efficiency is obtained by performing a few elastic-shape changes and maneuver trim updates, all within the fluid dynamics analysis, during the steady-state flowfield convergence. The modal approach, where the structure is represented by a set of its low-frequency vibration modes, greatly simplifies the CFD-structure interface, minimizes the amount of structural data required, and allows simple shape updates of the aerodynamic grid. It is shown that the total computation time required for flowfield convergence for a maneuvering elastic aircraft is typically almost identical to that of the rigid aircraft with given trim variables. The method is demonstrated with a realistic wing-fuselage-elevator transport aircraft model performing symmetric maneuvers at Mach 0.85
Moral Economies of Care and Women Who Use Drugs in Ukraine

This article analyzes interviews with women who use drugs in Ukraine to understand the care conundrum they face as members of a stigmatized group. In the interviews, the women sought to position themselves as deserving and needing care as members of a vulnerable category—sometimes as women who use drugs or people living with HIV, but also as mothers—yet also themselves capable of providing care for others. We examine how women who use drugs in Ukraine navigate a moral economy of care involving judgments about deservedness and social worth, the obligatory nature of care, and expectations for reciprocity. For programs for women who use drugs to be successful, they must acknowledge and engage with the moral economies of care in which these women operate. We offer recommendations for how health and social service providers can better meet the unique needs of women who use drugs.
Taxonomy, Phylogeny, Divergence Time Estimation, and Biogeography of the Family Pseudoplagiostomataceae (Ascomycota, Diaporthales)

Species of Pseudoplagiostomataceae were mainly introduced as endophytes, plant pathogens, or saprobes from various hosts. Based on multi-locus phylogenies from the internal transcribed spacers (ITS), the large subunit of nuclear ribosomal RNA gene (LSU), partial DNA-directed RNA polymerase II subunit two gene (rpb2), the partial translation elongation factor 1-alpha gene (tef1α), and the partial beta-tubulin gene (tub2), in conjunction with morphological characteristics, we describe three new species, viz. Pseudoplagiostoma alsophilae sp. nov., P. bambusae sp. nov., and P. machili sp. nov. Molecular clock analyses on the divergence times of Pseudoplagiostomataceae indicated that the conjoint ancestor of Pseudoplagiostomataceae and Apoharknessiaceae occurred in the Cretaceous period. and had a mean stem age of 104.1 Mya (95% HPD of 86.0–129.0 Mya, 1.0 PP), and most species emerged in the Paleogene and Neogene period. Historical biogeography was reconstructed for Pseudoplagiostomataceae by the RASP software with a S–DEC model, and suggested that Asia, specifically Southeast Asia, was probably the ancestral area.
Nonvolatile memory devices with high density ruthenium nanocrystals

The nonvolatile memory transistor devices with embedded ruthenium (Ru) nanocrystals (NCs) are fabricated in a compatible way with conventional complementary metal-oxide semiconductor technology. The rapid thermal annealing for the whole gate stacks is used to form Ru NCs in pre-existed SiO2 matrix. Monocrystal Ru NCs with high density (3×1012 cm−2), small size (2–3 nm), and good uniformity both in spatial distribution and morphology are elaborated. A substantial memory window of 3.5 V is obtained and explained by the charging and effects of Ru NCs. The mechanisms of work function engineering are also discussed in this paper.
ArtinM Cytotoxicity in B Cells Derived from Non-Hodgkin’s Lymphoma Depends on Syk and Src Family Kinases

Receptors on the immune cell surface have a variety of glycans that may account for the immunomodulation induced by lectins, which have a carbohydrate recognition domain (CRD) that binds to monosaccharides or oligosaccharides in a specific manner. ArtinM, a D-mannose-binding lectin obtained from Artocarpus heterophyllus, has affinity for the N-glycans core. Immunomodulation by ArtinM toward the Th1 phenotype occurs via its interaction with TLR2/CD14 N-glycans on antigen-presenting cells, as well as recognition of CD3γ N-glycans on murine CD4+ and CD8+ T cells. ArtinM exerts a cytotoxic effect on Jurkat human leukemic T-cell line and human myeloid leukemia cell line (NB4). The current study evaluated the effects of ArtinM on murine and human B cells derived from non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma. We found that murine B cells are recognized by ArtinM via the CRD, and the ArtinM stimulus did not augment the proliferation rate or production of IL-2. However, murine B cell incubation with ArtinM augmented the rate of apoptosis, and this cytotoxic effect of ArtinM was also seen in human B cell-lines sourced from non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma Raji cell line. This cytotoxic effect was inhibited by the phosphatase activity of CD45 on Lck, and the protein kinases of the Src family contribute to cell death triggered by ArtinM.
Regional Trend Analysis for Groundwater Quality in Jeju Island - Focusing on Chloride and Nitrate Concentrations -

Nitrate and chloride are the most common contaminants in groundwater and their concentrations increase easily due to fertilizer consumption and urbanization. The number of time series data for groundwater quality at a single site was not sufficient to analyze trends on Jeju Island. Therefore rectangle grids were drawn for the whole island and single grid was determined to be after considering similar stream density, homogeneous hydraulic coefficients, geologic features of volcanic rock and low topographic slopes. All data within each lattice were collected and arranged in time series order and analyzed using Sen`s method. 10.6 % of the total lattices for chloride and 22.4% for nitrate showed upward trends from the early 1990`s to the early 2000`s. Especially, upward trends for nitrate concentration are distinct in the low mid-mountainous areas of western and southern watersheds. Many septic tanks and much domestic waste from the urbanization of the low mid-mountainous area have produced this upward trend. Additionally, the agricultural region has dramatically increased since the 1990`s and this has led to an increase of fertilizer consumption and, as a result, nitrate concentration. Therefore, the target of any management plan for groundwater quality on Jeiu Island needs to be focused on careful land use decisions in the mid-mountainous areas which are near Halla Mountain.
Influence of confined phonon modes on the thermal behavior of AlAs/GaAs quantum cascade structures

The thermal behavior of AlAs/GaAs quantum cascade structures is used to demonstrate the existence of confined and interface optical-phonon modes. The high conduction-band offset of this material system greatly improves the confinement of the electronic states and allows the realization of electroluminescence structures, where the optical power as a function of the temperature solely depends on the change of the upper-state lifetime induced by the longitudinal-optical-phonon population. We observed that the latter is proportional to the Bose-Einstein factor, with an appropriate phonon mode energy, which does not simply correspond to that of the GaAs bulk phonon (36-meV energy). In particular we show that the agreement between theory and experiment can he substantially improved when the confined and interface modes are taken into account in our calculation. Our results are corroborated by the threshold temperature dependence of lasers, with an active e region based on similar structures.
End-User Computing Satisfaction (EUCS) Model: Implementation of Learning Management System (LMS) on Students Satisfaction at Universities

The purpose of this research is to find out the extent to which user satisfaction with the Learning Management System (LMS) service is so that it can provide better service and can satisfy/meet the needs of its users by measuring user satisfaction with information systems using the End-User Computing Satisfaction (EUCS) model approach. The researcher adopted the EUCS model developed by Doll and Torkzadeh regarding the satisfaction of end users of information systems. Related to the level of contentment experienced by end users of information systems, the researcher chose to implement the EUCS model that Doll and Torkzadeh had developed. The collected research samples came from a total of two hundred (200) students enrolled in the Arts, Drama, Dance, and Music Education Study Program in batches of 2021 and 2022. Confirmatory Factor Analysis (CFA), a subset of the Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) method, was used to analyze this research project's data. User satisfaction will also affect if the variable of ease of use in learning applications used by students is easy to access and can be accessed anywhere and anytime. This study found that students were highly satisfied with the Application of LMS in the learning process. It was also found that the five EUCS factors significantly increased satisfaction with learning technology.
Tone clarity in mixed pitch/phonation type tones

Lexical tone identity is often determined by a complex of acoustic cues. In Green Mong, a Hmong‐Mien language of Southeast Asia, a small subset of tones is characterized by phonation type in addition to pitch height, pitch contour, and duration, which characterize the remaining tones of the language. In tones that incorporate multiple cues to tonal identity, what makes a tone clear, or easy to recognize? This study examines acoustic and perceptual data to address this question. Six native speakers of Green Mong were asked to produce 132 phonological CV words in sentence context, using a conversational speaking style. Seventeen native speakers of the language were then asked to categorize three tones which have similar falling contours, but are differentiated by phonation type (breathy, creaky, and modal). Tokens that were correctly identified by 100% of the listeners were compared with tokens that were relatively poorly identified. Data indicate that the breathy‐ and creaky‐voiced tones are less susceptible to identification errors than the modal‐voiced tone. However, the clearest tokens of the three tones are also differentiated by details of pitch contour shape, and by duration. Similarities and differences between acoustic cue values for the best and worst tokens will be discussed.
Phylogenetic and morphological evidence reveals the association between diet and the evolution of the venom delivery system in Neotropical goo-eating snakes

Advanced endoglyptodont snakes share a complex but homologous venom delivery system associated with the upper jaw and its dentition. Recently, a remarkable novel lower jaw venom delivery system was described for the Neotropical dipsadine radiation of goo-eating snakes. While most dipsadines are opistoglyphous and exhibit large, mainly serous venom glands associated with the upper jaw and supralabial glands, goo-eating dipsadine snakes are aglyphous and lack serous upper labial venom glands. Here, we provide new morphological and histological information on the oral glands and maxillary dentition of representatives of the major lineages of dipsadines that help trace the evolutionary steps that shaped the venom delivery system of dipsadines. We performed a maximum likelihood analysis on a molecular dataset that includes 443 terminals and seven loci. Our results show that goo-eating dipsadines form a monophyletic assemblage that includes the genus Adelphicos for the first time, along with Geophis, Atractus, Ninia, Chersodromus, Tropidodipsas, Sibon, and Dipsas. We also provide the first evidence of a complete shift from an upper jaw to a lower jaw venom delivery system associated with their specialized feeding behaviour. Unlike other dipsadines who exhibit typical endoglyptodont anteroposteriorly ridged posterior maxillary teeth, goo-eating dipsadines have uniform lateromedially ridged teeth throughout their maxilla. Our results indicate that the loss of the endoglyptodont venom delivery system occurred in the most recent common ancestor of goo-eating dipsadines, probably resulting from the loss of the embryonic posterior maxillary lamina responsible for the development of the venom delivery system.
Terahertz generation by difference frequency conversion of two single-frequency VECSELs in an external resonance cavity

We demonstrate a continuous wave, single frequency terahertz (THz) source based on parametric difference frequency generation within a nonlinear crystal located in an optical enhancement cavity. Two single-frequency VECSELs with emission wavelengths spaced by 6.8 nm are phase locked to the external cavity and are used as pump sources for the nonlinear down conversion. The emitting THz radiation is centered at 1.9 THz and has a linewidth of less than 100 kHz. The output power of the source exceeds 100 μW. We show that the THz source can be used as local oscillator to drive a receiver used in astronomy applications.