Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
SEPSIS UNIT IN THE EMERGENCY DEPARTMENT: IMPACT ON MANAGEMENT AND OUTCOME OF SEPTIC PATIENTS

ABSTRACT Study hypothesis: Implementation of a new pathway dedicated to septic patients within the emergency department (ED) would improve early management, organ dysfunction, and outcome. Methods: During phase 1, all consecutive adult patients with infection and qualifying quick Sequential Organ Failure Assessment (qSOFA) score upon ED admission were managed according to standards of care. A multifaceted intervention was then performed (implementation phase): educational program, creation of a sepsis alert upon ED admission incorporated in the professional software, together with severity scores and Surviving Sepsis Campaign (SSC) bundle reminders, and dedication of two rooms to the management of septic patients (sepsis unit). During phase 2, patients were managed according to this new organization. Results: Of the 89,040 patients admitted to the ED over the two phases, 2,643 patients (3.2%) had sepsis including 277 with a qualifying qSOFA score on admission (phase 1, 141 patients; phase 2, 136 patients). Recommendations of SSC 3-h bundle significantly improved between the two periods regarding lactate measurement (87% vs. 96%, P = 0.006), initiation of fluid resuscitation (36% vs. 65%, P < 0.001), blood cultures sampling (83% vs. 93%, P = 0.014), and administration of antibiotics (18% vs. 46%, P < 0.001). The Sequential Organ Failure Assessment score between H0 and H12 varied significantly more during phase 2 (1.9 ± 1.9 vs. 0.8 ± 2.6, P < 0.001). Mortality significantly decreased during the second phase, on day 3 (28% vs. 15%, P = 0.008) and on day 28 (40% vs. 28%, P = 0.013). Conclusion: Systematic detection, education, and per protocol organization with a sepsis unit dedicated to the early management of septic patients appear to improve compliance with SSC bundles, organ dysfunction, and short-term mortality. These results warrant to be confirmed by prospective studies.
Impact of online live broadcasts on environmental destructive behavioral intention

As information and communication technology advances rapidly, real-time live online broadcasting has emerged as a novel social media platform. In particular, live online broadcasts have gained widespread popularity among audiences. However, this process can cause environmental problems. When audiences imitate live content and perform similar field activities, it can have a negative effect on the environment. In this study, an extended theory of planned behavior (TPB) was used to explore how online live broadcasts relate to environmental damage from the perspective of human behavior. A total of 603 valid responses were collected from a questionnaire survey, and a regression analysis was conducted to verify the hypotheses. The findings showed that the TPB can be applied to account for the formation mechanism of behavioral intention of field activities caused by online live broadcasts. The mediating effect of imitation was verified using the above relationship. These findings are expected to provide a practical reference for the control of online live broadcast content and guidance on public environmental behavior.
CIPS-3D++: End-to-End Real-Time High-Resolution 3D-Aware GANs for GAN Inversion and Stylization

Style-based GANs achieve state-of-the-art results for generating high-quality images, but lack explicit and precise control over camera poses. Recently proposed NeRF-based GANs have made great progress towards <bold>3D-aware</bold> image generation. However, the methods either rely on convolution operators which are not rotationally invariant, or utilize complex yet suboptimal training procedures to integrate both NeRF and CNN sub-structures, yielding un-robust, low-quality images with a large computational burden. This article presents an upgraded version called <bold>CIPS-3D++</bold>, aiming at high-robust, high-resolution and high-efficiency 3D-aware GANs. On the one hand, our basic model CIPS-3D, encapsulated in a style-based architecture, features a shallow NeRF-based 3D shape encoder as well as a deep MLP-based 2D image decoder, achieving robust image generation/editing with rotation-invariance. On the other hand, our proposed CIPS-3D++, inheriting the rotational invariance of CIPS-3D, together with geometric regularization and upsampling operations, encourages high-resolution high-quality image generation/editing with great computational efficiency. Trained on raw single-view images, without any bells and whistles, CIPS-3D++ sets new records for 3D-aware image synthesis, with an impressive FID of 3.2 on FFHQ at the <inline-formula><tex-math notation="LaTeX">$1024\times 1024$</tex-math><alternatives><mml:math><mml:mrow><mml:mn>1024</mml:mn><mml:mo>×</mml:mo><mml:mn>1024</mml:mn></mml:mrow></mml:math><inline-graphic xlink:href="zhou-ieq1-3285648.gif"/></alternatives></inline-formula> resolution. In the meantime, CIPS-3D++ runs efficiently and enjoys a low GPU memory footprint so that it can be trained end-to-end on high-resolution images directly, in contrast to previous alternate/progressive methods. Based on the infrastructure of CIPS-3D++, we propose a 3D-aware GAN inversion algorithm named <bold>FlipInversion</bold>, which can reconstruct the 3D object from a single-view image. We also provide a 3D-aware stylization method for real images based on CIPS-3D++ and FlipInversion. In addition, we analyze the problem of mirror symmetry suffered in training, and solve it by introducing an auxiliary discriminator for the NeRF network. Overall, CIPS-3D++ provides a strong base model that can serve as a testbed for transferring GAN-based image editing methods from 2D to 3D.
The global distribution and epidemiology of alcohol and drug use among street-involved children and youth: a meta-analysis

ABSTRACT Background: Street-involved children and youth (SICY) who work and live on/of the streets are more likely to inject drugs and engage in psychoactive substance use. Objectives: The present study aimed to identify the prevalence, distribution, sociodemographic determinants, and risk-taking associated with alcohol and drug use among SICY. Methods: Studies published in English related to alcohol and drug use among SICY were searched for from December 1 1985 to July 1 2022, on PubMed, Scopus, Cochrane, and Web of Science. Results: After full-text paper evaluation, 73 studies were included in the meta-analysis. Results indicated that lifetime prevalence rates were 44% (alcohol), 44% (crack), 33% (inhalants), 44% (solvents), 16% (tranquilizer/sedatives), 22% (opioids), and 62% (polysubstance use). The current prevalence rates were 40% (alcohol), 21% (crack), 20% (inhalants), 11% (tranquilizer/sedatives), and 1% (opioids). Also, life-time and current prevalence of alcohol and crack use, current prevalence of tranquilizer/sedative use, and life-time prevalence of polysubstance use were higher among older age groups. Life-time prevalence of tranquilizer/sedative use was lower among older age groups. Conclusions: The high prevalence of using alcohol, crack, and inhalants is a major issue because they are used extensively among different age groups, including minors. Such findings are beneficial for policymakers, health authorities, and professionals in developing programs aimed at minimizing inhalant use and other types of substance use harms among this group. It is important to accurately monitor this risk-exposed population to understand the mechanisms that might help protect them from high-risk substance use.
Determination of Scale Sample Step for Getting Numerical Result of the Continuous Wavelet Transform

In order to determine the best corresponding scale-sampling step among the mother waves, the paper discusses, in light of the two cases when the biggest angle frequency of digital signal series is equal to or smaller than π, the best result of analytical mother wave of differential coefficient of all phases Gauss function of Morlet and even or odd symmetrical mother wave in continuous wavelet transforming when equality dot-grid sampling is adopted, and the time parallel moving required by getting numerical result of odd symmetrical mother wave, and the waving conditions of corresponding digital filter of analytical mother wave of Gauss function's differential coefficient of even or odd symmetric mother wave. The conclusion deducted in the paper has been put in use in the field of engineering and research work of signal wavelet analyses, and the feedback result is confirmed with theoretically deduced result.
General guidelines for the performance of viscoelastic property identification in elastography: A Monte‐Carlo analysis from a closed‐form solution

Identification of the mechanical properties of a viscoelastic material depends on characteristics of the observed motion field within the object in question. For certain physical and experimental configurations and certain resolutions and variance within the measurement data, the viscoelastic properties of an object may become non‐identifiable. Elastographic imaging methods seek to provide maps of these viscoelastic properties based on displacement data measured by traditional imaging techniques, such as magnetic resonance and ultrasound. Here, 1D analytic solutions of the viscoelastic wave equation are used to generate displacement fields over wave conditions representative of diverse time‐harmonic elastography applications. These solutions are tested through the minimization of a least squares objective function suitable for framing the elastography inverse calculation. Analysis shows that the damping ratio and the ratio of the viscoelastic wavelength to the size of the domain play critical roles in the form of this least squares objective function. In addition, it can be shown analytically that this objective function will contain local minima, which hinder discovery of the global minima via gradient descent methods.
Mahalanobis-based Algorithm for Imputing Missing Data

Nearest neighbor(NN) algorithm is applied widely in both scientific research and real application because it can be operated easily and the algorithm's performance usually is excellent than the corresponding methods.In this paper, we analyze the advantages of Euclidean-based NN algorithm, then propose Mahalanobis-based NN algorithm in which Mahalanobis distance metric is designed to replace the Euclidean distance for computing the distance between two records.Finally, the experimental results on real datasets show the improved method outperform the original one.
L‐carnitine reverses methotrexate‐induced nephrotoxicity in experimental rat model: Insight on SIRT1/PGC‐1α/Nrf2/HO‐1 axis

Methotrexate (MTX) is a chemotherapeutic agent used for treating several types of cancer as well as psoriasis and rheumatoid arthritis, but its use is limited due to its nephrotoxicity. The purpose of this research work was to observe ameliorative effects of L‐carnitine (LC) toward renal toxicity caused by MTX and mechanisms responsible for these effects. Thirty‐two male Sprague‐Dawley rats were divided into four groups (eight rats/group), control group (received saline), MTX group (20 mg/kg/i.p. once), LC group (500 mg/kg/i.p. for 5 days), and MTX + LC group (received a single MTX dose 20 mg/kg/i.p. followed by LC 500 mg/kg/i.p. for 5 days). Histopathological examinations, lipid oxidation marker, malondialdehyde (MDA), and the antioxidant superoxide dismutase (SOD) as well as inflammatory (tumor necrosis factor‐α [TNF‐α] and interleukin‐6 [IL‐6]) and apoptotic markers (Bax, Bcl2, and caspase‐3) were used to assess renal toxicity. Moreover, the protein levels of silent information regulator 1 (SIRT1) and its downstream signaling targets, peroxisome proliferator‐activated receptor‐γ coactivator‐1α (PGC‐1α), and nuclear factor erythroid 2‐related factor 2 (Nrf2) in addition to heme oxygenase‐1 (HO‐1) were measured. LC significantly protected against MTX‐induced nephrotoxicity. It ameliorated MTX‐induced renal histopathological changes and diminished MTX‐induced renal oxidative stress, renal inflammation, and apoptosis. LC also upregulated the expression of SIRT1 and PGC‐1 as well as Nrf2 and HO‐1. By controlling the expression of renal SIRT1/PGC‐1/Nrf2/HO‐1, LC displayed antioxidant, anti‐inflammatory, and anti‐apoptotic activities. Hence, using LC supplements may help prevent negative MTX side effects.
Analytic and holistic cognitive style as a set of independent manifests: Evidence from a validation study of six measurement instruments

Cognitive styles are commonly studied constructs in cognitive psychology. The theory of field dependence-independence was one of the most important cognitive styles. Yet in the past, its measurement had significant shortcomings in validity and reliability. The theory of analytic and holistic cognitive styles attempted to extend this theory and overcome its shortcomings. Unfortunately, the psychometric properties of its measurement methods were not properly verified. Furthermore, new statistical approaches, such as analysis of reaction times, have been overlooked by current research. The aim of this pre-registered study was to verify the psychometric properties (i.e., factor structure, split-half reliability, test-retest reliability, discriminant validity with intelligence and personality, and divergent, concurrent and predictive validity) of several methods routinely applied in the field. We developed/adapted six methods based on self-report questionnaires, rod-and-frame principles, embedded figures, and hierarchical figures. The analysis was conducted on 392 Czech participants, with two data collection waves. The results indicate that the use of methods based on the rod-and-frame principle may be unreliable, demonstrating no absence of association with intelligence. The use of embedded and hierarchical figures is recommended. The self-report questionnaire used in this study showed an unsatisfactory factor structure and also cannot be recommended without futher validation on independent samples. The findings also did not correspond with the original two-dimensional theory.
Cognitive Deficits: Verbal and Semantic Fluency in People Living with HIV and AIDS

Background: Since the beginning of the HIV epidemic, the virus has taken millions of lives worldwide. The United Nations AIDS Fund’s statistics reported that deaths caused by HIV-related conditions and AIDS were about 39 million from the beginning of the epidemic to 2015. The united global efforts to fight the virus are considerably changing the indicators, such as mortality and morbidity, but the challenges remain. The total number of people living with HIV in Bulgaria as of 12th May, 2015, was 2,121. As of 30th November, 2016, the official data reported 2 460 people living with HIV. As of 13th February, 2017, 2 487 individuals were HIV-seropositive. Approximately 60% of people with HIV are prone to developing cognitive impairment due to the infection. Objective: This study aimed to know the level of cognitive deficiency, in particular, the verbal and semantic fluency of people living with HIV and AIDS. Methods: In this study, a comparative analysis was carried out. The Stewart test was used to compare the average independent samples. For clarity, the average values, the test statistics, and the estimated significance levels are presented in the tables. Additionally, a statistical mechanism of factor selection was used by the forward stepwise method. The Wilks' Lambda statistic reported values between 0 and 1, with values close to zero indicating good discrimination of the model. Results: According to this research, the HIV positives participants generated fewer verbs than the ones from the control group. The data were partially confirmed by the present study. There were differences in terms of both adjectives and nouns among people living with HIV and AIDS. Conclusion: The study data proves that language deficits are detectable in neurocognitive testing of HIV. The overall hypothesis of the study has been confirmed. The language impairments are primarily qualitative and can be used as a marker for the initial and subsequent therapy assessment.
Newton′s Interpolation Polynomial for the Sums of Powers of Integers

where S(k, j) = 1 j! ∑ j i=0(−1) j−i ( j i ) i k are the Stirling numbers of the second kind [2, Equation (9)]. As a simple example, let us evaluate P(n) for p = 3. From (2) we have [S0, S1] = S(4, 1) = 1, [S0, S1, S2] = 2 S(4, 2) = 2 , [S0, S1, S2, S3] = 3 S(4, 3) = 2, and [S0, S1, S2, S3, S4] = 4 S(4, 4) = 4 . Substituting these values into (1) and noting that [S0] = S0 = 0, we obtain P(n) = n + 2 n(n − 1) + 2n(n − 1)(n − 2) + 1 4 n(n − 1)(n − 2)(n − 3) = 4 n2(n + 1)2.
Burden of mood symptoms and disorders in implantable cardioverter defibrillator patients: a systematic review and meta-analysis of 39 954 patients

Abstract Aims Implantable cardioverter defibrillators (ICDs) prevent sudden cardiac death. Anxiety, depression, and post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) are underappreciated symptoms. We aimed to systematically synthesize prevalence estimates of mood disorders and symptom severities, pre- and post-ICD insertions. Comparisons were made with control groups, as well as within ICD patients by indication (primary vs. secondary), sex, shock status, and over time. Methods Databases (Medline, PsycINFO, PubMed, and Embase) were searched without limits from inception to 31 August 2022; 4661 articles were identified, 109 (39 954 patients) of which met criteria. Results Random-effects meta-analyses revealed clinically relevant anxiety in 22.58% (95%CI 18.26–26.91%) of ICD patients across all timepoints following insertion and depression in 15.42% (95%CI 11.90–18.94%). Post-traumatic stress disorder was seen in 12.43% (95%CI 6.90–17.96%). Rates did not vary relative to indication group. Clinically relevant anxiety and depression were more likely in ICD patients who experienced shocks [anxiety odds ratio (OR) = 3.92 (95%CI 1.67–9.19); depression OR = 1.87 (95%CI 1.34–2.59)]. Higher symptoms of anxiety were seen in females than males post-insertion [Hedges’ g = 0.39 (95%CI 0.15–0.62)]. Depression symptoms decreased in the first 5 months post-insertion [Hedges’ g = 0.13 (95%CI 0.03–0.23)] and anxiety symptoms after 6 months [Hedges’ g = 0.07 (95%CI 0–0.14)]. Conclusion Depression and anxiety are highly prevalent in ICD patients, especially in those who experience shocks. Of particular concern is the prevalence of PTSD following ICD implantation. Psychological assessment, monitoring, and therapy should be offered to ICD patients and their partners as part of routine care.
Food web differences between two neighboring tropical high mountain lakes and the influence of introducing a new top predator

High mountain lakes (HMLs) are considered unique and comparable ecosystems for monitoring global climate change. The food web structure can indicate the response of these ecosystems to ecological threats, such as fish introduction, by analyzing the trophic dynamics. Nonetheless, the food webs of tropical HMLs are less well-studied than temperate HMLs. The present study assessed the food webs of two neighboring (600 m apart) tropical HMLs, El Sol and La Luna, inside the crater of the Nevado de Toluca volcano, Mexico. It used stable isotopes (δ13C and δ15N) and Bayesian mixing models with different trophic discrimination factors and priors to assess the impacts of introduced rainbow trout, persisting only in the larger lake, El Sol. The food web in Lake El Sol was more complex than in Lake La Luna, mainly due to its larger size, extensive vegetated littoral zone, and being fueled by autochthonous primary production. In contrast, the smaller and fishless Lake La Luna has a reduced and bare littoral zone that harbored a simple food web substantially sustained by allochthonous carbon inputs. The persistence of introduced rainbow trout in Lake El Sol but not in Lake La Luna accentuated the differences between the lakes. The models suggested that rainbow trout fed on key consumers of littoral macroinvertebrates (70–80%) and pelagic zooplankton (20–30%), increasing the linkage between sub-networks. In both tropical HMLs, the species richness and herbivorous fraction were elevated compared with temperate HMLs, while the linkage density and omnivorous fraction were lower. Basal nodes dominated these tropical HMLs, and the vegetated littoral zone of Lake El Sol had more intermediate (omnivore) nodes. Our results showed the convenience of food web analysis to compare the effects of introduced fish in originally fishless lakes in different latitudes.
Nonlinear theory of conical helical spring

A helical spring has great flexibility and large deformation.At present,helical spring theories are based on internal force and deformation is analyzed according to initial configuration.Here,force and deformation of a conical helical spring are discussed based on equilibrium configuration after deformation,and a nonlinear analytic formula is derived.Computational results,which were verified by accurate measurement of a cylindrical helical spring,show that this approach is more accurate and superior to others.The analytical formula of this nonlinear theory is given by revising classic theory of a conical helical spring with an equal helix angle.
Universal open MHC-I molecules for rapid peptide loading and enhanced complex stability across HLA allotypes

Significance We outline a structure-guided approach for generating conformationally stable, open MHC-I with enhanced ligand exchange kinetics spanning five HLA-A supertypes, all HLA-B supertypes, and oligomorphic HLA-Ib allotypes. We present direct evidence of positive allosteric cooperativity between peptide binding and β2m association with the heavy chain. We demonstrate that covalently linked β2m serves as a conformational chaperone to stabilize empty MHC-I molecules in a peptide-receptive state, by promoting an open conformation and preventing intrinsically unstable heterodimers from irreversible aggregation. Our study provides structural and biophysical insights into the conformational properties of MHC-I ternary complexes, improving the design of ultrastable, universal ligand exchange systems and the tool for characterizing TCRs against pathogen-, tumor-, or autoimmune-associated peptide epitopes in a pan-HLA allelic setting.
Continuous Stress Detection Based on Social Media

Leveraging social media for stress detection has been growing attention in recent years. Most relevant studies so far concentrated on training a stress detection model on the entire data in a closed environment, and did not continuously incorporate new information into the already established models but instead regularly reconstruct a new model from scratch. In this study, we formulate a social media based continuous stress detection task with two particular questions to be addressed: (1) when to adapt a learned stress detection model? and (2) how to adapt a learned stress detection model? We design a protocol to quantify the conditions that trigger model's adaptation, and develop a layer-inheritance based knowledge distillation method to continually adapt the learned stress detection model to incoming data, while retaining the knowledge gained previously. The experimental results on a constructed dataset containing 69 users on Tencent Weibo validate the effectiveness of the proposed adaptive layer-inheritance based knowledge distillation method, achieving 86.32% and 91.56% of accuracy in 3-label and 2-label continuous stress detection. Implications and further possible improvements are also discussed at the end of the article.