Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Auctions with Contingent Payments

There now exists a host of results concerning the revenue performance of various auction methods. This note delves deeper into auction markets by examining the effects on sellers' revenue of certain noncash means of payment. The basic result-that bidding mediums which include some contingent pricing feature generally yield the seller more revenue than do cash bids-is intriguing by itself and also points out the limitations of received theory. Since what follows builds on the independent-preferences framework, it is useful to first note the assumptions of that model and the major results pertaining to it. To model an auction in the independent-preferences tradition, one assumes that bidders have reservation values, Vi, that are known only privately and that can be depicted as being drawn independently from some distribution F( V). The most important result for this model is the revenue equivalence theorem: as given in John Riley and William Samuelson (1981), any auction involving risk-neutral bidders for which the following four conditions hold: (a) a buyer can make any bid above some minimum "reserve" price, (b) the buyer making the highest bid is awarded the object, (c) the auction rules are anonymous, and (d) there is a common equilibrium bidding strategy in which each buyer makes a bid bi, which is a strictly increasing function of his reservation value Vi, yields an expected revenue of
Challenges of massive access in highly dense LTE-advanced networks with machine-to-machine communications

Machine-to-machine wireless systems are being standardized to provide ubiquitous connectivity between machines without the need for human intervention. A natural concern of cellular operators and service providers is the impact that these machine type communications will have on current human type communications. Given the exponential growth of machine type communication traffic, it is of utmost importance to ensure that current voice and data traffic is not jeopardized. This article investigates the limits of machine type communication traffic coexisting with human communication traffic in LTE-A networks, such that human customer churn is minimized. We show that under proper design, the outage probability of human communication is marginally impacted whilst duty cycle and access delay of machine type communications are reasonably bounded to ensure viable M2M operations.
Al in carbonaceous-chondrite chondrules : Too little 26 Al to melt asteroids

We reportMg excesses correlated with Al/Mg ratios in five chondrules from the primitive CO3.0 chondrite Yamato 81020 that yield a mean initial Al/Al ratio of only (3.8 0.7) 10, about half that of ordinary chondrite (OC) chondrules. Even if asteroids formed immediately after chondrule formation, this ratio and the mean Al content of CO chondrites is only capable of raising the temperature of a well-insulated CO asteroid to 940 K, which is more than 560 K too low to produce differentiation. The same ratio combined with the higher Al content of CV chondrites results in a CV asteroid temperature of 1100 K. We calculate that the mean initialAl/Al ratio of about 7.4 10 found in LL chondrules is only able to produce small amounts of melting, too little to produce differentiation. These results cast serious doubt on the viability of Al as the heat source responsible for asteroid differentiation. Inclusion of Fe raises temperatures about 160 K, but this increment is not enough to cause differentiation, even of an LL-chondrite asteroid. Copyright © 2004 Elsevier Ltd
On the Design of Security Games: From Frustrating to Engaging Learning

Hands-on cyber security training is generally accepted as an enjoyable and effective way of developing and practising skills that complement the knowledge gained by traditional education. At the same time, experience from organizing and participating in these events show that there is still room for making a larger impact on the learners, and providing more engaging and beneficial learning. In particular, the area of the game and exercise design is not sufficiently well-developed. There is no comprehensive methodology or best practices that can be used to prepare, test, and carry out events. We present the concept of a security game and lessons learned from a prototype game played by 260 participants. Based on the lessons, we describe the enhancements to the game design and a user study evaluating new game features. The results of the study show the importance of logging events which describe the course of the game. It also suggests what type of information can be estimated from the game logs and what can be found by other methods such as surveys.
Microarray-in-a-tube system in the function of detection human papillomavirus genotypes

Patients infected human papillomavirus (HPV) is increasing all over the world, in particular the community of woman. Microarray-in-a-tube system is a novel method of integrating polymerase chain reaction (PCR) with the microarray technique and a simple and high-throughput detection system. In this work, the microarray-in-a-tube system used in the function of detection human papillomavirus genotypes. Detection human papillomavirus genotypes of a microarray-in-a-tube system was composed of the preparation arrays, PCR, hybridization on chip, fluorescence detection, containing general GP5+/GP6+ premier, 30 targets. These results suggest that signal-noise ratio (SNR) of this system was set as SNR ≥ 2.0 at 100 copies. The system was suitable for other disease diagnosis in future.
Structure Learning in Bayesian Networks with Parent Divorcing

Bayesian networks (BNs) are an essential tool for the modeling of cognitive processes. They represent probabilistic knowledge in an intuitive way and allow to draw inferences based on current evidence and built-in hypotheses. In this paper, a structure learning scheme for BNs will be examined that is based on so-called Child-friendly Parent Divorcing (CfPD). This algorithm groups together nodes with similar properties by adding a new node to the existing network. The updating of all affected probabilities is formulated as an optimization problem. The resulting procedure reduces the size of the conditional probability tables (CPT) significantly and hence improves the efficiency of the network, making it suitable for larger networks typically encountered in cognitive modelling.
Object Oriented Metrics for Prototype based Languages

Prototype (classless) based object oriented programming approach has several advantages for representing default knowledge and dynamically modifying concepts over traditional class based languages. Many modern languages like C#, JavaScript and others are in part or completely utilizing astounding features of prototypes. With this growing interest in adoption of prototypes a sheer need is emerging to redesign software metrics for prototype based languages. These paper highlights issues for prototype based software metrics for object oriented programming. [Syed Ahsan, Faisal Hayat, Muhammad Afzal, Tauqir Ahmad, Khadim H. Asif, H.M. Shahzad Asif, Yasir Saleem. Object Oriented Metrics for Prototype based Languages. Life Sci J 2012;9(4):63-66] (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite. com. 10
A Comparative Study of Different Kalman Filtering Methods in Multi Sensor Data Fusion

In this paper two different techniques of Kalman Filtering and their application in multi sensor data fusion are studied. Two different Kalman filtering techniques such as CKF and DKF are modeled and the effectiveness of their application in multi sensor data fusion is compared with each other. All of the kalman filter models have been simulated in MATLAB and simulation environment.
Localization Versus Function of Rab3 Proteins

Rab3A, Rab3B, Rab3C, and Rab3D constitute a family of GTP-binding proteins that are implicated in regulated exocytosis. Various localizations and distinct functions have been proposed for different and occasionally even for the same Rab3 protein. This is exemplified by studies demonstrating that deletion of Rab3A in knock-out mice results in dysregulation of the final stages of exocytosis, whereas overexpression of Rab3A in neuroendocrine cells causes nearly complete inhibition of Ca2+-triggered exocytosis. We have now examined the properties of all Rab3 proteins in the same assays, with the long-term goal of identifying a common conceptual framework for their functions. Using quantitative immunoblotting, we found that all four Rab3 proteins were expressed in brain and endocrine tissues, although at widely different levels. Rab3A, Rab3B, and Rab3C co-localized to synaptic and secretory vesicles consistent with potential redundancy, whereas Rab3D was expressed at high levels only in the endocrine pituitary (where it was more abundant than Rab3A, Rab3B, and Rab3C combined), in exocrine glands, and in adipose tissue. In transfected PC12 cells, all four Rab3 proteins strongly inhibited Ca2+-triggered exocytosis. Except for a mutation that fixes Rab3 into a permanently GDP-bound state, all Rab3 mutations tested had no effect on this inhibition, including a mutation in the calmodulin-binding site that was described as inactivating (Coppola, T., Perret-Menoud, V., Lüthi, S., Farnsworth, C. C., Glomset, J. A., and Regazzi, R. (1999) EMBO J. 18, 5885–5891). Unexpectedly, overexpression of wild type Rab3A and permanently GTP-bound mutant Rab3A in PC12 cells caused a loss of secretory vesicles and an increase in constitutive, Ca2+-independent exocytosis that correlated with the inhibition of regulated Ca2+-triggered exocytosis. Our data indicate that overexpression of Rab3 in PC12 cells impairs the normal control of the final step in exocytosis, thereby converting the regulated secretory pathway into a constitutive pathway. These results offer an hypothesis that reconciles Rab3 transfection and knock-out studies by suggesting that Rab3 functions as a gatekeeper of a late stage in exocytosis.
A Study of Off-policy Learning in Computational Sustainability

Off-policy evaluation is the problem of evaluating a decision-making policy using data collected under a different behavior policy. While several methods are available for addressing off-policy problems, the existing literature does not offer much in terms of identifying the best-performing ones. In this paper, we conduct an in-depth comparative study of off-policy evaluation methods in non-bandit, finite-horizon MDPs, using a well-known Mallard population dynamics model (Anderson, 1975). We find that un-normalized importance sampling can exhibit prohibitively large variance in problems involving look-ahead longer than a few time steps, and that dynamic programming methods perform better than Monte-Carlo style methods.
Logistics, strategy and structure

Presents a framework for explaining the relationship between strategy, structure, and logistics in the context of a changing environment. In response to new competitive pressures, a manufacturing enterprise is emerging in which resources may now be dispersed worldwide. As distances between production facilities and pressures for fast delivery increase, the coordination of these dispersed manufacturing resources becomes a critical activity. Argues that logistics is well‐positioned to assume a unique role in bridging strategy and structure in the new manufacturing environment. Develops a new model of the strategy‐structure relationship that recognizes the integral role that logistics will play in creating the “fit” necessary to achieve competitive success. The framework suggests that performance will be higher when the firm’s strategy and structure are consistent with the strengths inherent in the firm’s logistics choices.
Autoimmune hepatitis: clinical challenges.

Waldenstrom first described the disease entity now termed autoimmune hepatitis (AIH) in 1950, when he observed a chronic form of hepatitis in young women.1 This hepatitis led to cirrhosis and was associated with jaundice, elevated gamma globulins, and amenorrhea.2 The disease was found to be associated with other autoimmune syndromes3 and was later termed “lupoid hepatitis” because of the presence of antinuclear antibodies (ANA); however, the term “lupoid” hepatitis has been abandoned because AIH is not part of the organ manifestations of systemic lupus erythematosus. The identification and characterization of serum autoantibodies have been a driving force in the systematic evaluation, classification, and diagnosis of AIH.4 Beginning in the 1970s, the detection of autoantibodies against proteins of the endoplasmic reticulum (microsomes) expressed in liver and kidney (liver-kidney microsomal antibodies, LKM)5–9 led to the identification of a second form of AIH not characterized by ANA.8 Molecular analysis soon identified cytochrome P450 (CYP) monoxygenases as hepatocellular target antigens of LKM-1 autoantibodies found in this second form of AIH (AIH type 2). 7,10,11 Finally, a third serologically defined group of AIH was categorized after the detection by radioimmunoassay of antibodies to a soluble liver antigen (SLA) identified in the 100,000 g supernatant of liver homogenates.12 It is evident from the chronology of events that AIH does not represent a homogeneous entity and that seroimmunologic and genetic markers discriminate among its subgroups.13,14 AIH is a chronic, mainly periportal hepatitis associated with hypergammaglobulinemia and circulating autoantibodies, which, in most cases, responds to immunosuppressive treatment. There is a striking prevalence among females,15 an immunogenetic association with the HLA A1-B8-DR3 or DR4 haplotype,16 and the presence of extrahepatic syndromes.17 This complex definition indicates that a single cause or a single test for the accurate diagnosis of AIH has not been found. In contrast, the diagnosis is established by a number of diagnostic criteria, as recently defined by the International Autoimmune Hepatitis Group (IAHG), and the exclusion of other causes of chronic hepatitis18,19 (Tables 1 and 2). However, AIH frequently overlaps with other autoimmune liver diseases that affect the biliary tract: primary biliary cirrhosis (PBC) and primary sclerosing cholangitis (PSC). 20,21 The combination of seroimmunologic and molecular biologic tests4 with a recently revised diagnostic scoring system permits a precise discrimination between AIH and other causes of chronic hepatitis. The exclusion of replicating hepatitis virus infection together with female sex, hypergammaglobulinemia, and response to immunosuppressive treatment are the hallmarks of an accurate diagnosis.18,19
Optical Indoor Positioning Systems

Recent advances in CCD technologies, processing speed and image understanding have been driving the development of the camera-based positioning systems. An improved performance of optical systems has triggered image based positioning methods to become an attractive alternative for applications in industrial metrology as well as for robot- and pedestrian navigation. This paper provides a survey of current optical indoor positioning approaches. Different systems are briefly described and categorized based on how the images are referenced to the environment.
From Web Service Policies to Automatic Deviation Handling: Supporting Semantic Description of Reactions to Policy Violations

In scenarios where Web services are involved, Quality of Service (QoS) parameters play an important role when it comes to service selection, service compositions, and run-time behavior of the execution environment, e.g. a workflow engine. Required or guaranteed QoS levels are often described by means of Web service policies. However, policy languages do usually not include the handling of deviations respectively reactions. In this paper, we introduce WS-Re2Policy 2.0, a semantic extension of our former work on a policy language which makes use of WS-Policy in order to describe requirements and handling of deviations through defined reactions. Furthermore, we present a basic ontology for reactions which we make use of in order to semantically annotate reactions in WS-Re2Policy 2.0.
Possible role of calponin h1 as a tumor suppressor in human uterine leiomyosarcoma.

BACKGROUND Calponin h1, a basic actin-binding protein capable of inhibiting smooth muscle contraction, is a constitutive element of smooth muscle cells. However, in leiomyosarcoma (a type of smooth muscle neoplasm of the uterus), reduced expression of calponin h1 is observed, as we have reported previously. In this study, we sought to assess the effects (in vitro and in vivo) of increasing calponin h1 expression in leiomyosarcoma cells. METHODS A plasmid containing a human calponin h1 complementary DNA and a bacterial neomycin-resistance gene was transfected into the human leiomyosarcoma cell lines SKN and SK-LMS-1 by electroporation. Southern blotting, reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction analysis, western blotting, and immunohistochemistry were used to confirm DNA transfer and expression of the calponin h1 protein in neomycin-resistant clones. We characterized the morphology of calponin h1-transfected cells, and we evaluated their proliferative activity and tumorigenicity by use of a 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyl-2H-tetrazolium bromide assay, an anchorage-independent growth assay, and a nude mouse tumorigenicity assay. RESULTS The morphology of calponin h1-transfected cells in culture resembled that of cultured normal myometrial smooth muscle cells. With SK-LMS-1 cells, proliferation of calponin h1-transfection cells was reduced to 69% of control; with SKN cells, calponin h1 transfection reduced proliferation to 70% of control. In assays of anchorage-independent growth and in vivo tumorigenicity, both growth and tumorigenicity were statistically significantly reduced in calponin h1-transfected leiomyosarcoma cells. CONCLUSIONS Calponin h1 may function as a tumor suppressor in leiomyosarcoma. Clinically, transfer of a calponin h1 complementary DNA into poorly differentiated leiomyosarcoma cells may be of potential therapeutic value through induction of a normal, differentiated cellular phenotype.
GEOGRAPHIC AND GENETIC VARIATION IN FEEDING PREFERENCE FOR CHEMICALLY DEFENDED SEAWEEDS

Abstract Genetic variation in tolerance for seaweed chemical defenses among populations of marine herbivores is poorly described, either because few marine studies have addressed the issue or because the feeding preferences of populations of marine herbivores rarely differentiate. We address this using the polyphagous amphipod Ampithoe longimana (Crustacea), which commonly consumes, and lives on, terpene-rich brown seaweeds in the tropical genus Dictyota. Previous work demonstrated that in areas where the amphipod and seaweeds overlap geographically, these chemically deterrent seaweeds provide the amphipod with spatial refuges from predation by omnivorous fishes that avoid consuming Dictyota. However, the amphipod's distribution extends northward of the seaweed's distribution, making this benefit of association unavailable to more northerly populations of amphipods. On average, populations sympatric with Dictyota have stronger feeding preference for Dictyota species and greater fitness when raised on Dictyota than do populations that are outside Dictyota's geographic endpoint. These results are consistent with the hypothesis that in areas where the amphipods co-exist with Dictyota, selection favors amphipods that tolerate Dictyota's chemical defenses and thereby access its enemy-free space. Amphipods allopatric with Dictyota are unable to tolerate Dictyota's chemical defenses, either because of selection, drift, or some mix of both forces. A trade-off between preference for Dictyota and for the chemically distinct seaweed Hypnea musciformis is suggested by the finding that populations with high preference for Dictyota tended to have lower preference for Hypnea. However, this population-level pattern appears to be the result of independent evolution and not a genetic trade-off: an analysis of full-sib families within a single population detected heritable variation in preferences for Dictyota and suggested this for Hypnea (although the latter was not statistically significant), yet no family-level covariation was detected. Phylogeographic analysis of mitocondrial DNA and nuclear sequences indicates a strong historical break between populations sympatric with Dictyota and populations more than 500 km beyond Dictyota's geographic endpoint. The historical separation of these most northerly populations could have allowed a random accumulation of alleles to effectively degrade tolerance for Dictyota, although selection may also be responsible for the degradation.
Understanding Multinationals from Emerging Markets

Foreword 1. Introduction Alvaro Cuervo-Cazurra and Ravi Ramamurti Part I. EMNCs in Historical Perspective: What Is New? : 2. Theoretical debates on multinationals from emerging economies Yair Aharoni 3. What does history add to EMNC research? Andrew Godley Part II. Unique Capabilities of EMNCs: Do They Exist? : 4. Modern international business theory and emerging market multinational companies Alan M. Rugman and Quyen T. K. Nguyen 5. The limits of 'new' multinational enterprises: institutions, systems, and 'members-only' location advantages Rajneesh Narula 6. The evolution of EMNCs and EMNC thinking: a capabilities perspective Donald Lessard 7. EMNCs and catch-up processes: the case of four Indian industries Kristin Brandl and Ram Mudambi Part III. The Internationalization of EMNCs: Different Drivers? : 8. The global expansion of EMNCs: paradoxes and directions for future research Peter J. Williamson 9. Process perspectives on the growth of emerging economy multinationals Klaus E. Meyer 10. Migrating EMNCs and the theory of the multinational Helena Barnard 11. Business groups, institutional transition, and the internationalization of firms from emerging economies Torben Pedersen and Tamara Stucchi 12. Country of origin effects on internationalization: insights from Brazil Afonso Fleury and Maria Tereza Leme Fleury Part IV. A Path for the Future: 13. Conclusion: an agenda for EMNC research Alvaro Cuervo-Cazurra and Ravi Ramamurti Further reading Index.
Cohomology rings of toric varieties assigned to cluster quivers: the case of unioriented quivers of type A

The theory of cluster algebras of S. Fomin and A. Zelevinsky has assigned a fan to each Dynkin diagram. Then A. Buan, R. Marsh, M. Reineke, I. Reiten and G. Todorov have generalized this construction using arbitrary quivers on Dynkin diagrams. In the special case of the unioriented quiver of type A, we describe the cohomology ring of the toric variety associated to this fan. A natural base is obtained and an explicit rule is given for the product of any two generators.
A 5 GHz above-IC FBAR low phase noise balanced oscillator

In this paper, a 5 GHz FBAR based balanced oscillator is presented. The FBAR resonator was integrated directly above the 0.35 mum BiCMOS IC oscillator. The use of the balanced configuration allows dividing by two the electrodes resistance of the FBAR. Therefore, better phase noise is obtained comparatively to the single ended version. The measured phase noise is -121 dBc/Hz at 100 kHz from 5.46 GHz carrier frequency. Furthermore, the differential output allows direct driving of the divider and mixer, which are generally balanced, without the need of a single-ended to differential converter