Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
New determinations of the critical velocities of C-type shock waves in dense molecular clouds: application to the outflow source in Orion

We report calculations of the intensities of rovibrational transitions of H 2 emitted from C-type shock waves propagating in molecular gas. Attention was paid to the thermal balance of the gas and to the rates of collisional dissociation and ionization of H 2 . We found that the maximum shock speeds which can be attained, prior to the collisional dissociation of H 2 (which results in a sonic point in the flow and hence a J-type shock wave), can be much higher than had previously been believed. Thus, adopting the 'standard' scaling of the transverse magnetic induction with the gas density, B(μG) = [n H (cm - 3 )] 1 / 2 , we established that the maximum shock speed increased from 20-30 km s - 1 at high pre-shock densities (n H ≥ 10 6 cm - 3 ) to 70-80 km s - 1 at low densities (n H ≤ 10 4 cm - 3 ). The critical shock speed, v c r i t , also increases significantly with the transverse magnetic induction, B, at a given pre-shock gas density, n H . By way of an application of these results, we demonstrate that a two-component model, comprising shock waves with velocities v s =60 and 40 km s - 1 , reproduces the column densities of H 2 observed by ISO-SWS up to the highest level (possibly) detected, v = 0, J = 27, which lies 42 515 K above the ground state. We found no necessity to invoke mechanisms other than thermal collisional excitation in the gas phase; but the v = 1 vibrational band remains less completely thermalized than is indicated by the observations. Fine structure transitions of atoms and ions were also considered. The intensity of the [SiI] 68.5 μm transition, observed by Gry et al. using ISO-LWS, is satisfactorily reproduced by the same model and may also originate in OMC-1, rather than Orion-KL as originally believed. The transitions of [Fe II] and [S i] observed by Rosenthal et al. may also arise in the shock-heated gas.
Decay of correlations for certain multi-dimensional maps

We study the decay of correlations for certain multi-dimensional noninvertible maps which do not necessarily satisfy Renyi's condition (the bounded distortion property) and do not necessarily satisfy the Markov condition on the definite partitions. Our method is based on the technique of Markov approximations which was developed by Chernov. We relate the slowness of the decay of correlations to the singularity of the invariant density which is caused by the lack of hyperbolicity. We also see that it can be described by the distortion property of the distributions of the invariant densities.
Classroom soundscape

The acoustical qualities within a classroom are referred to as its soundscape. Classrooms are environments full of sounds and student learning depends largely on how well the relevant messages are discerned within its soundscape. In the ideal classroom, the message is heard and understood with little or no effort. When teachers must raise their voices in order to be heard the listener may not get a clear signal across the full range of speech sounds. Being able to focus on relevant sounds is a fundamental factor accounting for learning the phonology of speech which underlies learning to read and write. Reverberation, noise, and distance between the speaker and listeners all contribute to the classroom soundscape. Student characteristics also contribute including hearing impairment, developmental disabilities, and specific deficits in learning, attention, speech, language, or auditory processing. In addition, second language learners cannot rely on previous linguistic experience and must depend more heavily on hearing the spoken messages accurately. The use of sound-field amplification has received a great deal of attention in the literature. Benefits of this technology include improved attention and learning in students as well as improved vocal health in teachers. The classroom environment has been described as more calm and relaxed when the soundscape is favourable. This paper reviews the literature and draws conclusions about these acoustical features which are essential for an optimal learning environment.
On testing for a survival ratio under random right censoring

This article develops a one-sample test for H 0: F¯ = F¯0 in presence of random right censoring. The test statistic is of particular interest when the alternative hypothesis is that the survival ratio ψ = F¯/F¯0 is monotone. It is proved that the test statistic is asymptotically normal under H 0. The specific case where the censoring and survival times have proportional hazards is also considered. Finally, the testing procedure is applied to two well-known data sets.
The broadening of d–f and f–d transitions by collisions with neutral hydrogen atoms

The collisional broadening theory of Anstee & O'Mara for s-p and p-s transitions by collisions with atomic hydrogen is extended to p-d and d-p transitions. Width cross-sections for collisional broadening of atomic lines corresponding to p-d and d-p transitions by neutral hydrogen atoms are tabulated as a function of effective principal quantum numbers for the upper and lower states, for a relative velocity of 10 ms. The cross-sections vary with velocity as v, and results for the parameter α are similarly tabulated. The cross-sections are tested by application to synthesis of suitable strong solar lines. The derived abundances are consistent with meteoritic values.
Professional Learning of Physics Teachers in Lesson Study: Exploring Inquiry Tasks

Background: Research concerning teachers’ professional learning in lesson study has been highlighted in Physics teaching; however, studies that examine this process from the elaboration of inquiry tasks are still scarce. This kind of task makes it possible to explore physical concepts and relationships due to their open nature, which contemplates the students’ interest, involves a practical dimension, and promotes successful learning situations. Objectives: To understand Physics teachers’ professional learning in planning inquiry tasks to study Ohm’s Law. Design: The investigation, of a qualitative and interpretive nature, involved 18 meetings of 2.5 hours. Setting and Participants: The lesson study engaged four secondary public school Physics teachers from the state education network. Data collection and analysis: The empirical research material consists of data produced in the development of the inquiry tasks, the transcripts of the audio recordings of the lesson study sessions, the investigative lesson, the material produced by the students, and the transcripts of the interviews carried out at the end of the lesson study. Results: The analysis showed professional learning about the development of inquiry tasks, analysis, argument, and inference of scientific knowledge, passing through engaging, exploring, explaining, elaborating, and evaluating activities on physical concepts. Conclusions: The research contributes to the knowledge development about teachers’ professional learning, especially about the research lesson.
Biasing and High-Order Statistics from the Southern-Sky Redshift Survey

We analyze different volume-limited samples extracted from the Southern-Sky Redshift Survey (SSRS2), using counts-in-cells to compute the count probability distribution function (CPDF). From the CPDF we derive volume-averaged correlation functions to fourth order and the normalized skewness and kurtosis S3 = ξ̄3/ξ̄33 and S4 = ξ̄4/ξ̄32. We find that the data satisfies the hierarchical relations in the range 0.3 ≲ ξ̄2 ≲ 10. In this range we find S3 to be scale independent, with a value of ~1.8, in good agreement with the values measured from other optical redshift surveys probing different volumes, but significantly smaller than that inferred from the Automatic Plate Measuring Facility (APM) angular catalog. In addition, the measured values of S3 do not show a significant dependence on the luminosity of the galaxies considered. This result is supported by several tests of systematic errors that could affect our measures and estimates of the cosmic variance determined from mock catalogs extracted from N-body simulations. This result is in marked contrast to what would be expected from the strong dependence of the two-point correlation function on luminosity in the framework of a linear biasing model. We discuss the implications of our results and compare them to some recent models of the galaxy distribution that address the problem of bias.
Good practice in needs-based post-diagnostic support for people with young onset dementia: findings from the Angela Project

Evidence on post-diagnostic support for people with young onset dementia is scarce. Previous studies have employed a problem-focused approach; however, evidence on ‘what works’ in real-life practice is essential to develop recommendations for service design and delivery. This study aimed to provide insight into ‘what works’ from the perspectives of people with young onset dementia and their supporters. We gathered free-text responses on positive service experiences via a UK cross-sectional survey. Inductive thematic analysis was used to identify the objectives of positive services and the needs these met. Follow-up interviews enabled in-depth insights from people with diverse diagnoses, ages and social situations. These were analysed using a template drawn from the survey. The 233 survey respondents gave 856 examples of positive support. Analysis of 24 follow-up interviews led to 16 themes clustered under three superordinate themes: ‘maintaining autonomy’, ‘being myself’ and ‘togetherness’. We found that positive services address the disruptions to sense of agency, selfhood and meaningful relationships that are experienced by those with young onset dementia. The study provides an in-depth understanding of the needs met by positive services for younger people with dementia. Our nuanced findings on good practice can inform age-specific guidelines for young onset dementia and indicate how personalisation can work in practice to help people with young onset dementia to maintain identity, autonomy and connections.
Inviscid fluid flow in an accelerating cylindrical container

The problem of the axially symmetric irrotational flow of an inviscid incompressible fluid with a free surface in a circular cylindrical container accelerating parallel to its axis is considered. A numerical procedure is developed and some interesting motions exhibiting the development of breakers, splashing and sustained oscillations of the surface are obtained by machine computation.
Royal Jelly Increases Hematopoietic Stem Cells in Peripheral Blood: A Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled, Randomized Trial in Healthy Subjects

Objectives Royal jelly (RJ), produced by honeybees, influences stem cell functions, such as pluripotency maintenance of mouse embryonic stem cells and prevention of aging-related muscle stem cell functional deterioration. Thus, we hypothesized that RJ administration has various health-promoting effects based on stem cells. However, its effects are unknown in humans. In this study, we have attempted for the first time to clarify whether the administration of RJ in humans affects stem cells. Materials and Methods This randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study was performed on healthy subjects (n = 90) who received protease-treated RJ at a dose of 1200 mg/day or placebo daily for four weeks. Also, the participants with a low number of hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) in peripheral blood were preferentially selected. HSC counts, endothelial progenitor cell (EPC) counts, blood cell counts in peripheral blood, cytokines in serum, and physical conditions were evaluated. Results and Conclusion. Eligible data from 86 subjects (placebo: 42, RJ: 44) who completed the study were analyzed. There were no significant differences between the two groups regarding the changes in peripheral HSC count (p=0.103), while diastolic blood pressure showed a significant improvement in the RJ group compared to that in the placebo group (p=0.032). The subgroup analysis excluded 14 subjects who complained of cold symptoms at baseline or within five days of the four-week study. The changes in the HSC populations were significantly higher in the RJ group than those in the placebo group (p=0.042). No adverse effects were observed in any of the groups. These results suggest that RJ administration affected the peripheral HSC count and may influence stem cell functions. Further research is needed to reveal the various health-promoting benefits of RJ based on stem cells.
Critical, respectful, person-centred: Q Methodology for educational psychologists

This paper provides an overview of Q Methodology and an example of how it has been used in educational psychology research to explore the views of Year 6 students (aged 10–11) in relation to transition to secondary school. This is followed by an example of how this transition work has been applied to practice, by using a card sorting approach with a young person, so as to understand their viewpoint regarding their own individual view of transition. Q is commended to educational psychologists as a critical, respectful and person-centred methodological approach that is useful at hearing a range of voices, including those marginalised, as well as a novel activity (card sorting) that can enable young people who are less able or willing to converse, to explore their views.
Derivation and assessment of forest-relevant polarimetric indices using RCM compact-pol data

ABSTRACT Three radar polarimetric indices, Radar Vegetation Index (RVI), Canopy Structure Index (CSI) and Radar Forest Degradation Index (RFDI)—normally associated with quad-pol (QP) synthetic aperture radar (SAR) sensors—were derived using compact polarimetry (CP) data from the Radarsat Constellation Mission (RCM). Indices were generated over a 10,000-hectare temperate mixedwood forest containing a range of complex forest structures. For comparative purposes, the same indices were generated using Radarsat-2 QP data. Agreement between CP and QP indices were assessed across broad vegetated land cover types, at the forest stand-level wherein ground plots and airborne LiDAR data were available, and at the pixel level within validation stands representing different forest types. Agreement was consistently strong for the RVI and weak for the CSI, with agreement stronger when generalized to the stand level. Indices were more informative on differences between vegetation types (e.g. forest and open wetland) than between forest types with different structures. With a radar nominal off-nadir incidence angle at 38°, RCM CP indices had narrower dynamic ranges compared to Radarsat-2 QP indices, especially the CSI, contributing to a lower level agreement for the CSI. CP data enables derivation of RVI, CSI and RFDI indices simultaneously, and provides large spatial coverage and capacity for dense time-series collection, features which are unavailable from current QP sensors.
Cultural heritage tourism in Granada. A multilayer perceptron approach

ABSTRACT This study aims to ascertain the connection between the sociodemographic characteristics (gender, age, educational level and income) and consumption habits in the destination (overnight(s), planned daily spend) of tourists interested in cultural Heritage with their preferences and sensations regarding this tourism typology, taking as the basis fieldwork in a tourist destination that has two World Heritage Sites inscriptions recognised by UNESCO (Granada, Spain). The method used in this investigation is supported by the employment of a multilayer perceptron’s artificial neural network to estimate a visitor’s sociodemographic profile based on customisable input values consisting of responses to Likert model questions being used in a questionnaire before. Accordingly, once the network has been obtained and the travellers’ responses personalised, a ‘composite picture’ of this type of tourist can be achieved that meets those characteristics of the profile based on those previously set responses. In this sense, a specific selection of responses will give rise to a concrete profile of potential visitors, helping this so that the tourism sector in this area can adapt its offer to the profile of its clients.
Elevation of Lipid Metabolites in Deceased Liver Donors Reflects Graft Suffering

Liver transplantation can be performed with deceased or living donor allografts. Deceased liver grafts are donated from brain- or circulation-death patients, and they have usually suffered from a certain degree of damage. Post-transplant graft function and patient survival are closely related to liver allograft recovery. How to define the damage of liver grafts is unclear. A total of 47 liver donors, 23 deceased and 24 living, were enrolled in this study. All deceased donors had suffered from severe brain damage, and six of them had experienced cardio-pulmonary-cerebral resuscitation (CPR). The exploration of liver graft metabolomics was conducted by liquid chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry. Compared with living donor grafts, the deceased liver grafts expressed higher levels of various diacylglycerol, lysophosphatidylcholine, lysophosphatidylethanolamine, oleoylcarnitine and linoleylcarnitine; and lower levels of cardiolipin and phosphatidylcholine. The liver grafts from the donors with CPR had higher levels of cardiolipin, phosphatidic acid, phosphatidylcholine, phatidylethanolamine and amiodarone than the donors without CPR. When focusing on amino acids, the deceased livers had higher levels of histidine, taurine and tryptophan than the living donor livers. In conclusion, the deceased donors had suffered from cardio-circulation instability, and their lipid metabolites were increased. The elevation of lipid metabolites can be employed as an indicator of liver graft suffering.
A comprehensive tool for tumor precision medicine with pharmaco-omics data analysis

Background: Cancer precision medicine is an effective strategy to fight cancers by bridging genomics and drug discovery to provide specific treatment for patients with different genetic characteristics. Although some public databases and modelling frameworks have been developed through studies on drug response, most of them only considered the ramifications of the drug on the cell line and the effects on the patient still require a huge amount of work to integrate data from various databases and calculations, especially concerning precision treatment. Furthermore, not only efficacy but also the adverse effects of drugs on patients should be taken into account during cancer treatment. However, the adverse effects as essential indicators of drug safety assessment are always neglected. Method: A holistic estimation explores various drugs’ efficacy levels by calculating their potency both in reversing and enhancing cancer-associated gene expression change. And a method for bridging the gap between cell culture and living tissue estimates the effectiveness of a drug on individual patients through the mappings of various cell lines to each person according to their genetic mutation similarities. Result: We predicted the efficacy of FDA-recommended drugs, taking into account both efficacy and toxicity, and obtained consistent results. We also provided an intuitive and easy-to-use web server called DBPOM (http://www.dbpom.net/, a comprehensive database of pharmaco-omics for cancer precision medicine), which not only integrates the above methods but also provides calculation results on more than 10,000 small molecule compounds and drugs. As a one-stop web server, clinicians and drug researchers can also analyze the overall effect of a drug or a drug combination on cancer patients as well as the biological functions that they target. DBPOM is now public, free to use with no login requirement, and contains all the data and code. Conclusion: Both the positive and negative effects of drugs during precision treatment are essential for practical application of drugs. DBPOM based on the two effects will become a vital resource and analysis platform for drug development, drug mechanism studies and the discovery of new therapies.
Turbulent heat transfer and pressure drop in pinned annular regions

Experiments were performed to determine average heat transfer coefficients and friction factors for turbulent flow through annular ducts with pin fins. The measurements were carried out by means of a double-pipe heat exchanger. The total number of pins attached to the inner wall of the annular region was 560. The working fluids were air, flowing in the annular channel, and water through the inner circular tube. The average heat transfer coefficients of the pinned air-side were obtained from the experimental determination of the overall heat transfer coefficients of the heat exchanger and from the knowledge of the average heat transfer coefficients of the circular pipe (water-side), which could be found in the pertinent literature. To attain fully developed conditions, the heat exchanger was built with additional lengths before and after the test section. The inner circular duct of the heat exchanger and the pin fins were made of brass. Due to the high thermal conductivity of the brass, the small tube thickness and water temperature variation, the surface of the internal tube was practically isothermal. The external tube was made of an industrial plastic which was insulated from the environment by means of a glass wool batt. In this manner, the outer surface of the annular channel can be considered adiabatic. The results are presented in dimensionless forms, in terms of average Nusselt numbers and friction factors as functions of the flow Reynolds number, ranging from 13,000 to 80,000. The pin fin efficiency, which depends on the heat transfer coefficient, is also determined as a function of dimensionless parameters. A comparison of the present results with those for smooth sections (without pins) is also presented. The purpose of such a comparison is to study the influence of the presence of the pins on the pressure drop and heat transfer rate.
Overview of PM10, PM2.5 and BC and Their Dependent Relationships with Meteorological Variables in an Urban Area in Northwestern Morocco

At an urban site in Kenitra, Morocco, two aerosol size fractions (PM2.5 and PM10) were sampled for four seasons to characterize the seasonal trends of particulate (PM) and carbonaceous (BC) aerosols. An in-depth statistical analysis of the lag-effects of meteorology on collected data was investigated using uni- and multivariate linear regression analyses. The results revealed significant seasonal trends for PM10, PM2.5, and BC. PM concentrations showed the maximum values in autumn (61.4 ± 24.5 µg/m3 for PM10 and 21.2 ± 8.2 µg/m3 for PM2.5), while the minimum was observed in winter (40.2 ± 17.1 µg/m3) for PM10 and in summer (14.3 ± 3.3 µg/m3) for PM2.5. High BC concentrations were recorded in summer (6.3 ± 4.2 μg/m3, on average). The relative humidity 1–2 days earlier showed a higher negative correlation with the PM concentrations (except in winter), and the temperature 1–3 days earlier showed a negative correlation with the PM2.5 in winter and summer and a positive one with the PM10 in autumn. Wind speed was negatively associated with PM10 on the current day in winter and 3 days earlier in summer. However, diverse effects of wind speed on PM2.5 were observed (negative in summer and positive in spring). These results confirm the important role of meteorology in the formation of urban air pollution with pronounced variations in different seasons.