Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Probabilistic and ternary representation of attributes in attribute based object classification

Attribute based approach is a new object classification model. The fundamental difference from traditional models is that it employs an attribute layer in the classifier cascade which serves as a switching entity between low level pixel data and high level object labels. The model brings new insights to object classification that we do not observe with the traditional approaches: classification of unseen images, description of the unclassified objects, description of unexpected attributes, description of missing attributes and learning from textual descriptions. Recent preliminary publications give promising results. However, they are not at desired accuracy levels yet. In this work, effects of ternary and probabilistic representations of attributes instead of binary on classification performance are evaluated.
DupFinder: integrated tool support for duplicate bug report detection

To track bugs that appear in a software, developers often make use of a bug tracking system. Users can report bugs that they encounter in such a system. Bug reporting is inherently an uncoordinated distributed process though and thus when a user submits a new bug report, there might be cases when another bug report describing exactly the same problem is already present in the system. Such bug reports are duplicate of each other and these duplicate bug reports need to be identified. A number of past studies have proposed a number of automated approaches to detect duplicate bug reports. However, these approaches are not integrated to existing bug tracking systems. In this paper, we propose a tool named DupFinder, which implements the state-of-the-art unsupervised duplicate bug report approach by Runeson et al., as a Bugzilla extension. DupFinder does not require any training data and thus can easily be deployed to any project. DupFinder extracts texts from summary and description fields of a new bug report and recent bug reports present in a bug tracking system, uses vector space model to measure similarity of bug reports, and provides developers with a list of potential duplicate bug reports based on the similarity of these reports with the new bug report. We have released DupFinder as an open source tool in GitHub, which is available at: https://github.com/smagsmu/dupfinder.
Improved Information Filtering and Feature Dimensionality Reduction using Semantic based Feature Dataset for Text Classification: In Context to Social Network

Micro-blogging web services such as Twitter, the user is often bombarded with tons of information and raw data, with user unable to classify it into right category. The solution to overcome this problem can be derived from automatic text classification process. Social networking websites often limit their users to put up a short text message of length 140 characters only. Hence classifying this raw data continuously on these microblogging websites is a tedious task, as one has to deal with short text. Short text messages are difficult to classify as they have lack of semantic information and they have high risk of getting misclassified. In this research paper, a methodology has been developed that incorporates preparation of semantic database and then employ it to extract the necessary classification features from the database. This prepared database is then used for binary feature extraction from the set of user tweeted database hence the process of extracting features from the available database based on the semantic database approach has been presented. The basic of this paper is mainly focused on extracting nine features and then reducing the features to seven features using logical operations. The process of reducing the features not only reduces the complexity of the written code but also saves the database memory required to save the extracted feature for master training database. The features so extracted are easier to use and operation has less complexity of generation than compared to features generated by other available algorithms like Bag-of-Words.
Bioinformatics Original Paper Oligonucleotide Microarray Identification of Bacillus Anthracis Strains Using Support Vector Machines

The capability of a custom microarray to discriminate between closely related DNA samples is demonstrated using a set of Bacillus anthracis strains. The microarray was developed as a universal fingerprint device consisting of 390 genome-independent 9mer probes. The genomes of B.anthracis strains are monomorphic and therefore, typically difficult to distinguish using conventional molecular biology tools or microarray data clustering techniques. Using support vector machines (SVMs) as a supervised learning technique, we show that a low-density fingerprint microarray contains enough information to discriminate between B.anthracis strains with 90% sensitivity using a reference library constructed from six replicate arrays and three replicates for new isolates.
Reconstruction Technique Based on the Theory of Compressed Sensing Satellite Images

Owing to the characteristics such as high resolution, large capacity, and great quantity, thus far, how to effi- cient store and transmit satellite images is still an unsolved technical problem. Satellite image Compressed sensing (CS) theory breaks through the limitations of traditional Nyquist sampling theory, it is based on signal sparsity, randomness of measurement matrix and nonlinear optimization algorithms to complete the sampling compression and restoring recon- struction of signal. This article firstly discusses the study of satellite image compression based on compression sensing theory. It then optimizes the widely used orthogonal matching pursuit algorithm in order to make it fits for satellite image processing. Finally, a simulation experiment for the optimized algorithm is carried out to prove this approach is able to provide high compression ratio and low signal to noise ratio, and it is worthy of further study.
Response Quality Evaluation in Heterogeneous Question Answering System: A Black-box Approach

— The evaluation of the question answering system is a major research area that needs much attention. Before the rise of domain-oriented question answering systems based on natural language understanding and reasoning, evaluation is never a problem as information retrieval-based metrics are readily available for use. However, when question answering systems began to be more domains specific, evaluation becomes a real issue. This is especially true when understanding and reasoning is required to cater for a wider variety of questions and at the same time achieve higher quality responses The research in this paper discusses the inappropriateness of the existing measure for response quality evaluation and in a later part, the call for new standard measures and the related considerations are brought forward. As a short-term solution for evaluating response quality of heterogeneous systems, and to demonstrate the challenges in evaluating systems of different nature, this research presents a black-box approach using observation, classification scheme and a scoring mechanism to assess and rank three example systems (i.e. AnswerBus, START and NaLURI).
Empirically Evaluating the Countermajoritarian Dif fi culty

I conduct a quantitative evaluation of the “countermajoritarian difficulty” by examining the relationship between public opinion, state policy, and judicial review in constitutional challenges to state abortion statutes in the period before Roe v. Wade. I find that state and lower federal court judges tended to invalidate statutes in states with high levels of public support for moving policy away from the status quo, and judges did not strike down statutes in states where majorities firmly supported the status quo. These results suggest the importance of creating a role for state and lower federal courts in evaluating the countermajoritarian difficulty. When the Supreme Court declares unconstitutional a legislative act or the action of an elected executive, it thwarts the will of representatives of the actual people of the here and now; it exercises control, not in behalf of the prevailing majority, but against it. —Alexander Bickel ð1962, 16–17Þ Judicial Review does not serve to thwart or legitimate popular majorities; rather that practice alters the balance of power between the numerous political movements that struggle for power in a pluralist democracy. —Mark Graber ð2005, 428Þ
Organizing shared enterprise workspaces using component-based cooperative hypermedia

Cooperative work in Extended Enterprises needs a flexible shared workspace for team members to access and manipulate shared information objects in a well-coordinated working process. Current shared workspace systems do not adequately support the evolving character of shared workspaces as needed by Extended Enterprises, i.e. the dynamic cooperation processes, various kinds of shared information contents and the set of cooperative tools. In this paper, the usage scenarios and requirements developed in a European Extended Enterprise project are used to derive the requirements for shared enterprise workspaces. Our approach utilizes component-based cooperative hypermedia to organize shared enterprise workspaces that contain team and process structures, information contents and their corresponding tools. The approach extends classical hypertext models to shared hypermedia objects as well as dynamic bindings between these and the Groupware Components working on them. To demonstrate the approach, a prototype system and a prototypical usage scenario are presented.
The influences of an exemplary ballet teacher on students’ motivation: ‘The Finnish Way’

Abstract This ethnographic case story aims to illuminate the instructional practices and decisions of an exemplary ballet teacher, Minna Stenvall at the Finnish National Opera Ballet School. Minna is considered to be exemplary in her field because she received the Best Ballet Pedagogue Award in 2014. Spurred on by the literature on the significant role played by ballet teachers in the talent development of dance students and dancers, the main research question is ‘What does a successful teacher do to motivate gifted students to excel? ’ The data – gathered via in-depth interviews with Minna, classroom observations and attendance at the school and company performances over a school semester – were intended to clarify our understanding of the complex but understudied practices and processes of teaching gifted children in ballet. For the research finding report, I used creative writing as a medium to narrow the spaces and attitudes between researcher vs. researched, description vs. interpretation and theory and fiction vs. nonfiction. The conceptual framework of social, pedagogical and cognitive dimensions of exemplary teaching frames the discussion. I conclude with a discussion of (a) the methodological approaches to address the contexts and transparency of research, and (b) the notion of putting the research into use.
Safe Vehicle Navigation in Dynamic Urban Scenarios

This paper has presented the deliberative part of the navigation architecture for the SmartTer platform, comprising two main component: (a) route planning, which finds a set of configurations between two given points of the environment while taking into account given traffic rules; and (b) partial motion planning, which handles the actual execution of the plan while taking into account the dynamic elements of the world. A key aspect of the navigation architecture proposed is that a special attention is paid to the motion safety issue, ie the ability to avoid collisions. Different safety levels are explored and their operational conditions are explicitly spelled out (something which is usually not done). The results depict safe navigation in dynamic scenarios whichinclude both moving vehicles and pedestrians, where the architecture has been implemented in both real and simulated platforms, although only simulation results are provided at the time of paper writing. On the theoretical side, an interesting research direction is the exploration of more advanced motion prediction techniques in order to improve both the accuracy and the time horizon of our safety checks.
On type-directed partial evaluation

Type Directed Partial Evaluation (TDPE) is a new development in partial evaluation that has two properties that make it attractive for formal investigation: First, it is concise; it is deened in about six lines Dan96b]. Second, it is easy to implement; the deenition can be coded directly in a functional language like Scheme, yielding a demonstrably eecient and eeective partial evaluator DV96, Ves97]. In this note, we present a taste of TDPE, review the theoretical foundations and developments relating to TDPE, and highlight some major open research questions. Type-Directed Partial Evaluation: We begin with an example of using TDPE in an interactive loop based on a compiler, similar to that of SML/NJ. Let residualize represent the main function of TDPE, which takes a (representation of) a type, a compiled object, and returns a normalized term based on that object:-val compiled_0 = fn f => fn x:int => fn y:int => fn z:int => f (f (x,y),z); val compiled_0 = fn : (int * int-> int)-> int-> int-> int-> int-val compiled_1 = compiled_0 (fn (x,y) => x); val compiled_1 = fn : int-> int-> int-> int-val term_1 = residualize (int-> int-> int-> int) compiled_1 val term_1 = "fn x' => fn y' => fn z' => x'" : term Note that the syntax of the new term (or program) term_1 has been derived from the compiled_1 object code, and that the expression f (f (x,y),z) has been replaced (working under the-abstractions) by a renaming of x. The object passed to residualize must be the compiled form of a closed term. Free variables, primitives, and recursion can all handled by-abstracting them from the original term (using an explicit Y-combinator for recursion). The signiicance of being able to take compiled code as input is two fold: First, it alleviates the need for the symbolic execution of the source program, and hence, can be done more eeciently. Second, in standard partial evaluation we sometimes nd that we need to insert a \static" function value into a \dynamic" context JGS93]. Traditionally, this meant replacing the static value by the text of the computation that produced it. In the above example, it would mean symbolically replacing both occurances of f in the expression f (f (x,y),z) with the syntax syntax (fn (x,y) => x). With residualize, we arrive at the simpler expression x directly. Theoretical Foundations: There appear to be some strong ties between TDPE and …
Position statement: Can testing prove software has no bug?

The author presents a theorem that states that the correctness of a software system can be validated by testing on a finite number of test cases provided that the program and specification are in a learnable set of functions. Moreover, such testing can be performed without writing down a formal specification. This lays a foundation of the current practice of software testing where formal specifications are not available. This theorem implies that what current testing practice lacks is an analysis of the "complexity" of the program to determine a learnable set within which the program and the specification vary.
Parallel implementation and performance characterization of MUSCLE

Multiple sequence alignment is a fundamental and very computationally intensive task in molecular biology. MUSCLE, a new algorithm for creating multiple alignments of protein sequences, achieves a highest rank in accuracy and the fastest speed compared to ClustalW as well as T-Coffee, some widely used tools in multiple sequence alignment. To further accelerate the computations, we present the parallel implementation of MUSCLE in this paper. It is decomposed into several independent modules, which are parallelized with different OpenMP paradigms. We also conduct detailed performance characterization on symmetric multiple processor systems. The experiments show that MUSCLE scales well with the increase of processors, and achieves up to 15. /spl times/ speedup on 16-way shared memory multiple processor system.
Grammar-based classifier system: a universal tool for grammatical inference

Grammatical Inference deals with the problem of learning structural models, such as grammars, from different sort of data patterns, such as artificial languages, natural languages, biosequences, speech and so on. This article describes a new grammatical inference tool, Grammar-based Classifier System (GCS) dedicated to learn grammar from data. GCS is a new model of Learning Classifier Systems in which the population of classifiers has a form of a context-free grammar rule set in a Chomsky Normal Form. GCS has been proposed to address both regular language induction and the natural language grammar induction as well as learning formal grammar for DNA sequence. In all cases near-optimal solutions or better than reported in the literature were obtained.
Trends in adult cardiovascular disease risk factors and their socio-economic patterning in the Scottish population 1995–2008: cross-sectional surveys

Objectives To examine secular and socio-economic changes in cardiovascular disease risk factor prevalences in the Scottish population. This could contribute to a better understanding of why the decline in coronary heart disease mortality in Scotland has recently stalled along with a widening of socio-economic inequalities. Design Four Scottish Health Surveys 1995, 1998, 2003 and 2008 (6190, 6656, 5497 and 4202 respondents, respectively, aged 25–64 years) were used to examine gender-stratified, age-standardised prevalences of smoking, alcohol consumption, physical activity, fruit and vegetable consumption, discretionary salt use and self-reported diabetes or hypertension. Prevalences were determined according to education and social class. Inequalities were assessed using the slope index of inequality, and time trends were determined using linear regression. Results There were moderate secular declines in the prevalence of smoking, excess alcohol consumption and physical inactivity. Smoking prevalence declined between 1995 and 2008 from 33.4% (95% CI 31.8% to 35.0%) to 29.9% (27.9% to 31.8%) for men and from 36.1% (34.5% to 37.8%) to 27.4% (25.5% to 29.3%) for women. Adverse trends in prevalence were noted for self-reported diabetes and hypertension. Over the four surveys, the diabetes prevalence increased from 1.9% (1.4% to 2.4%) to 3.6% (2.8% to 4.4%) for men and from 1.7% (1.2% to 2.1%) to 3.0% (2.3% to 3.7%) for women. Socio-economic inequalities were evident for almost all risk factors, irrespective of the measure used. These social gradients appeared to be maintained over the four surveys. An exception was self-reported diabetes where, although inequalities were small, the gradient increased over time. Alcohol consumption was unique in consistently showing an inverse gradient, especially for women. Conclusions There has been only a moderate decline in behavioural cardiovascular risk factor prevalences since 1995, with increases in self-reported diabetes and hypertension. Adverse socio-economic gradients have remained unchanged. These findings could help explain the recent stagnation in coronary heart disease mortalities and persistence of related inequalities.
PERIODIC STRUCTURES PATTERNED ON METAL AND III-V COMPOUND SURFACES USING TWO-BEAM INTERFERENCE METHOD

We present an optical interference method as an efficient toolfor high quality one- and two-dimensional periodic structure fabrication for photonic applications. Different types of two-dimensional periodic structures are prepared using a two-beam interference technique by double exposure process. also the patterning of an au layer deposited on glass and GaAs substrates is provided using the two-beam interference method. Quite homogeneous and two- dimensional structures with small periodicity were prepared into the photoresist, Au layer and GaAs substrate. the experimentally prepared structures are well in agreement with the theoretically designed ones. K e y w o r d s: periodic structure, interference, holographic lithography
Current trends in European renal epidemiology

Abstract The incidence of end-stage renal disease (ESRD) continues to vary substantially between the countries in Europe that contribute data to the ERA-EDTA Registry. Differences can be attributed to socioeconomic factors and prophylaxis programs for patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) and may also express real differences in CKD incidence. Recently, age-adjusted ESRD incidence has begun to fall in many countries, probably related to improved prophylaxis. However, absolute rates may increase, partly due to socioeconomic advances in countries with a low gross domestic product and partly due to continuing increases in the proportion of elderly patients. Prevalence rates are expected to continue to increase, mainly due to increases in relative transplant prevalence, improved graft survival times and continuing improvements in both dialysis and transplant patient survival. Overall treatment results continue to improve.
Continuous Autonomic Assessment in Patients With Symptomatic Heart Failure: Prognostic Value of Heart Rate Variability Measured by an Implanted Cardiac Resynchronization Device

Background—Heart rate variability (HRV) as an indirect autonomic assessment provides prognostic information when measured over short time periods in patients with heart failure. Long-term continuous HRV can be measured from an implantable device, but the clinical value of these measurements is unknown. Methods and Results—A total of 397 patients with New York Heart Association class III or IV heart failure were studied. Of these, 370 patients had information from their implanted cardiac resynchronization device for mortality risk stratification, and 288 patients had information for measured parameters (ie, HRV, night heart rate, and patient activity) and clinical event analyses. Continuous HRV was measured as the standard deviation of 5-minute median atrial-atrial intervals (SDAAM) sensed by the device. SDAAM <50 ms when averaged over 4 weeks was associated with increased mortality risk (hazard ratio 3.20, P=0.02) and SDAAM were persistently lower over the entire follow-up period in patients who required hospitalization or died. SDAAM decreased a median of 16 days before hospitalization and returned to baseline after treatment. Automated detection of decreases in SDAAM was 70% sensitive in detecting cardiovascular hospitalization, with 2.4 false-positives per patient-year of follow-up. Conclusions—This study demonstrates that SDAAM continuously measured from an implanted cardiac resynchronization device is lower in patients at high mortality and hospitalization risk. SDAAM declines as patient status decompensates. Continuous long-term SDAAM may be a useful tool in the clinical management of patients with chronic heart failure.