Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
An Evaluation of River Restoration Techniques in Northwestern Ohio.

Abstract : Evaluation study of the stream restoration technique developed by George Palmiter in northwestern Ohio indicates that they may be suitable as a non-structural measure for selected areas experiencing chronic, low-intensity flooding, particularly where larger structural measures are not justified. The techniques are not appropriate for severe flood problems. The report evaluates the Palmiter techniques based on their effectiveness and facility of planning and execution as compared to the objectives and criticisms of traditional channelization techniques: hydraulic capacity floating debris and sediment removal, and biological effects. while this evaluation is not based on an assessment of effectiveness over a period of time, including need for maintenance, the results are of interest to those comtemplating the use of the techniques either alone or in combination with other flood damage reduction measures.
The effect of the proportion of Modern European ancestry on grower and sow performance of pigs in smallholder systems in Uganda

Several factors, including breed, lead to divergent performance of pigs for production and reproduction traits in different environments. A recent genomics study showed that Modern European (ME) pig breeds contribute to the ancestry of smallholder pigs in the Hoima and Kamuli districts, Uganda. These pigs were also involved in a longitudinal study with several traits recorded, including 540 body weights (WT) of 374 growing pigs, 195 records of total number of piglets born alive (TBA) of 157 sows, and 110 total number weaned (TNW) records of 94 sows. Linear mixed-effects models were used to test for the significance of environmental effects, including housing system, geographic location, and the season when the events occurred as well as animal-specific effects like age, sex, parity, and farrow-to-weaning interval. Stepwise model reduction starting from models with all main effects and pairwise interactions was applied. The final models were then expanded to include proportions of Modern European (ME) ancestry for the subset of animals genotyped, following genomic ancestry analysis based on a Porcine 50K SNP Chip. ME ancestry proportions ranged from 0.02 to 0.50 and were categorized into three classes (low/medium/high ME) based on 33.3% quantiles. The effects of ME classes on WT and TBA were not significant. ME showed a significant effect on TNW. Sows with a high proportion of ME weaned 2.4 piglets more than the low group, the medium ME group being intermediate. This study used genomic data to investigate the effects of genetic ancestry on the performance of smallholder pigs in Uganda. The proportion of Modern European ancestry did not exceed 0.50, therefore not allowing for the comparison of local versus pure “exotic” types of pigs. For the range of ancestries observed, which is the relevant one for current smallholder systems in Uganda, differences were small for the body weight of growing pigs and the number of piglets born alive, while higher proportions of ME ancestry resulted in significantly more piglets weaned. The availability of genotypes of a higher number of growing pigs would have been beneficial for drawing conclusions on the effect of ME ancestry on the growth rates of smallholder pigs in Uganda.
A tracking control design for a DC motor using robust sliding mode learning control

The proposed robust sliding mode learning control (RSMLC) is a new controlapproach that uses immediate feedback from the closed-loop system to improve tracking performance. A recursive learning technique is integrated with the sliding mode controller to ensure that the tracking error and sliding variables asymptotically converge to zero, which can be guaranteed within the framework of the proposed control approach. Moreover, the proposed controller design does not require system uncertainty and its upper limits. Thus, these benefits can be significantly simplified and mitigated by the design and implementation of RSMLC for DC motor applications. In comparison with conventional sliding mode control (CSMC), the RSMLC structure does not contain an explicit switching element, so the chattering phenomenon will be eliminated. Meanwhile, it will preserve the CSMC’s durability feature. Based on Lyapunov criteria, the stability and convergence analysis of the proposed controller were rigorously proved. Additionally, CSMC and SMLC controllers have been shown to outperform proportional integral derivative (PID) controllers in systems with nonlinear dynamics, high-order systems, or uncertainties. Finally, simulation studies of the DCmotor system were carried out under the proposed controller. In contrast, the CSMC simulation results are also presented for comparison purposes and to verify the validity and effectiveness of the proposed RSMLC via CSMC and PID controllers.
Building digital resilience against crises: The case of Taiwan's COVID‐19 pandemic management

Digital technologies are playing an increasingly central role in crisis management. Despite concerted efforts by information systems (IS) scholars to explore the capabilities of digital technologies to foster resilience against crises, very few have investigated the dynamics of building digital resilience in turbulent times. This study, drawing upon the resource orchestration view (ROV) and through an empirical investigation of Taiwan's COVID‐19 pandemic management, unpacked the black box process of governments leading heterogeneous societal entities to promote resource orchestration actions for the development of digital resilience. The research findings revealed four patterns of digital resource orchestrations—dual‐purposing existing IS, balancing data exploitation, enacting online co‐production, and augmenting social network effects—that led to rapid and effective pandemic crisis management in Taiwan. We incorporated our findings into a research model of digital resilience in the making, thereby providing a mechanism for building digital resilience at a societal level. The research outcomes foreground temporal and societal aspects of digital resilience that contribute to the literature by adding new insights to the currently limited research on the operational process of building digital resilience.
Salinity dominance on the Indian Ocean Eastern Gyral current

This study demonstrates the importance of salinity gradients to the formation of the Eastern Gyral Current (EGC) in the South Indian Ocean. The EGC flows eastward near 15∘S, opposite to the direction predicted by classical theories of wind‐driven circulation and is a source of water for the Leeuwin Current. In the upper ocean, a strong salinity front exists between fresh water from the Indonesian Throughflow (ITF) in the South Equatorial Current (SEC) and salty subtropical waters. In that region, salinity overwhelms the temperature contribution to density gradients, generating eastward geostrophic shear and establishing the EGC. Without the salinity front the EGC cannot be maintained: If the salinity contribution is neglected in the calculation of geostrophic currents, the EGC vanishes. Our observational analysis associated with the fact that both Sverdrup and Ekman theories produce westward flows in the region strongly supports the idea that the EGC is a salinity‐driven current.
Pomegranate Molasses and its Peels as Anti-agent Cardiotoxicity Induced by Azithromycin in Male Rats

Azithromycin (AZ) is an effective macrolide antibiotic that has been used in the treatment of various types of serious bacterial infections. However, the cardiovascular adverse effects associated with (AZ) have recently attracted attention.The current study aimed to evaluate the protective effect of bioactive compounds in pomegranate molasses (pm) and its peels as anti-agent cardiotoxicity induced by azithromycin in male rats. The rats were divided into two main groups . The first group (6 rats) was fed on a basal diet and served as a negative control. The second group (30 rats) received Azithromycin (AZ) from the 14th to the 28th day to induce cardiotoxicity. The second group was divided into five subgroups. Group (1) was fed on basal diet only (and served as positive control),Group (2) was fed on a basal diet + a daily oral dose of Pomegranate molasses (2 ml /kg B.W/day), Group (3) was fed on a basal diet + a daily oral dose of Pomegranate molasses (4 ml /kg B.W/day), Group (4) was fed on a basal diet + a daily oral dose of Pomegranate peel extract (200 mg/kg), Group (5)was fed on a basal diet + a daily oral dose of Pomegranate peel extract (400 mg/kg) for 28 days . At the end of the experiment, feed intake (FI), body weight gain (BWG), feed efficiency ratio (FER), and relative heart weight were calculated. Assessment of some serum biochemical parameters, heart tissues were analyzed for antioxidant/oxidant markers and histopathology of hearts was assessed. The results revealed that pomegranate molasses and its peels improved the biological evaluation, heart functions, antioxidant enzyme activity, and histopathology of hearts compared to the positive group. In conclusion, administering pomegranate molasses and its peel extract can lower the impacts of azithromycin on the heart.
Pollutants Hazard Potential and Environment Vulnerability of Caspian Sea

The main aim of research was the evaluating hazard potential degree of contamination resources and environment vulnerability intensity in the coastal zone of the southern territories of the Caspian Sea. Hazard potential degree of pollution resources were calculated with use universal ranking system model (URSM) and Fuzzy mathematical theory in 219 zones of study area. Main results show that agriculture activities and municipal urban sewage and solid waste were vital contamination resources in the study area and the rate of several pollutions hazard and high environment vulnerability intensity have been dominated near to main rivers and coastal zone of main cities.
Human SHQ1 variants R335C and A426V lead to severe ribosome biogenesis defects when expressed in yeast

SHQ1 is an essential chaperone that binds the pseudouridine synthase dyskerin in the cytoplasm and escorts the enzyme to the nucleus, where dyskerin is assembled into small nucleolar RNPs (snoRNPs) of the H/ACA class. These particles carry out pseudouridine formation in ribosomal RNAs (rRNAs) and participate in maturation of rRNA precursors (pre-rRNAs). Variants of human SHQ1 have been linked to neurodevelopmental deficiencies; here we focused on two compound heterozygous mutations identified in a child showing a severe neurological disorder comprising cerebellar degeneration. To investigate the molecular defects caused by mutations R335C and A426V we used a conditional yeast strain that can be depleted of the endogenous Shq1 protein while constitutively expressing human SHQ1 (wild-type or variants). Although wild-type SHQ1 complemented the Shq1-depleted strain, cells expressing variant R335C could not support growth, and cells expressing variant A426V were temperature-sensitive. When shifted to restrictive conditions, yeast cells progressively lost H/ACA snoRNAs and accumulated unprocessed pre-rRNAs, which led to reduced production of ribosomes. Levels of Cbf5 (yeast homologue of dyskerin) were decreased in yeast cells expressing SHQ1 variants under restrictive conditions. Immunoprecipitation experiments revealed that interaction of Cbf5 with SHQ1 variants was weakened but not abolished, and yeast two-hybrid assays showed that mutation R335C is more deleterious than mutation A426V. Our data provide additional evidence for the critical role of SHQ1 in chaperoning the pseudouridine synthase dyskerin, and how its inadequate function has detrimental consequences on the production of H/ACA snoRNPs and ribosomes.
Late Mesozoic subduction‐induced hydrothermal gold deposits along the eastern Asian and northern Californian margins: Oceanic versus continental lithospheric underflow

During late Mesozoic subduction of paleo‐Pacific lithospheric plates, numerous gold vein deposits formed in the Dabie–Sulu Belt of east‐central China plus its east‐Asian extensions, and in the Klamath Mountains plus Sierran Foothills of northern California. In eastern Asia, earlier transpression and continental collision at about 305–210 Ma generated a high pressure–ultrahigh pressure orogen, but failed to produce widespread intermediate to felsic magmatism or abundant hydrothermal gold deposits. Similarly in northern California, strike‐slip ± minor transtension–transpression over the interval of about 380–160 Ma resulted in the episodic stranding of oceanic terranes, but generated few granitoid magmas or Au ore bodies. However, for both continental margin realms, nearly head‐on Cretaceous destruction of oceanic lithosphere involved sustained underflow; reaching magmagenic depths of about 100 km, the descending mafic‐ultramafic plates dewatered, producing voluminous calc‐alkaline arc magmas. Ascent of these plutons into the middle and upper crust released CO2 ± S‐bearing aqueous fluids and/or devolatilized the contact‐metamorphosed wall rocks. Such hydrothermal fluids transported gold along fractures and fault zones, precipitating it locally in response to cooling, fluid mixing, and/or reactions with wall rocks of contrasting compositions (e.g. serpentinite, marble). In contrast, where sialic crust was subducted to depths of about 100 km, only minor production of granitoid melts occurred, and few major coeval Au vein deposits formed. The mobilization of precious metal‐bearing fluids in continental margin and island arc environments apparently requires long‐continued, nearly orthogonal descent of oceanic, not continental, lithosphere.
EVALUASI KOMBINASI PAKAN DAN ESTRADIOL_17β TERHADAP PEMATANGAN GONAD DAN KUALITAS TELUR IKAN LELE DUMBO (Clarias gariepinus)

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh kombinasi jenis pakan dan hormon estradiol_17β terhadap lama waktu matang, fertilisasi, daya tetas dan sintasan larva ikan lele dumbo (Clarias gariepinus). Metode yang digunakan pada penelitian ini adalah model eksperimental dengan menggunakan Rancangan Acak Lengkap (RAL) dengan 2 faktor perlakuan yang dikombinasikan, dimana faktor pakan terdiri dari 3 jenis pakan yaitu pakan Profish, pakan KRA dan Pakan Profish + pakan KRA. Sedangkan faktor hormon estradiol_17β terdiri dari 3 dosis hormon estradiol_17β yaitu dosis hormon estradiol_17β 0, 250 dan 500 μg/kg berat tubuh ikan, sehingga terdapat 9 kombinasi perlakuan dan masing masing perlakuan diulang 3 kali. Jumlah keseluruhan satuan percobaan adalah 27 satuan percobaan. Penelitian ini dilaksanakan di Balai Budidaya Air Tawar Tatelu, Penelitian ini menggunakan induk lele dumbo betina dengan berat 600 – 700 g/kg sebanyak 27 ekor. Penyuntikan hormon estradiol_17β pada induk ikan dengan perlakuan perbedaan dosis hormon estradiol_17β sesuai dengan disis yang telah ditentukan. induk ikan dipelihara dalam 9 bak beton berukuran 3 x 1,5 x 1,5 meter , masing-masing bak diisi 3 ekor ikan dan diberi makan sesuai dengan jenis pakan perlakuan. Setiap 2 minggu dicek kematangan gonadnya. Lama waktu matang dihitung dari penyuntikan sampai ikan matang gonad. Setelah ikan matang gonad dilakukan pemijahan buatan dengan menyuntikan ovaprim, kemudian induk ikan lele distripping telurnya dan dicampur dengan sperma yang telah disiapkan dari ikan jantan. Selanjutnya pembuahan diamati setelah 6 jam setelah sperma dan telur dicampur. Penetasan dilakukan dengan mengambil 200 telur yang telah berbuah dan di inkubasi selama 2 hari. Telur yang menetas dihitung. Larva hasil penetasan diambil 100 ekor dari masing masing perlakuan. Larva tersebut dipelihara di loyang selama 14 hari dan diberi makan. Larva yang mati dihitung. Data hasil penelitian dianalisis dengan JMP (SAS Institute). Data yang dianalisis adalah data lama waktu matang gonad (hari), pembuahan telur (%) , daya tetas telur (%), dan sintasan hidup larva. Dari hasil yang diperoleh adalah : Perlakuan yang terbaik adalah pemberian jenis pakan KRA dan penyuntikan hormon estradiol_17β dengan dosis 250 μg/kg berat tubuh ikan dengan hasil lama waktu matang gonad 21,67 hari, pembuahan telur 92%, daya tetas telur 87,33% dan sintasan larva 91,67%. Dari penelitian ini disarankan perlu dilakukan penelitian lanjutan dengan melihat hal yang lebih spesifik dan menganalisis mengenai kebutuhan asam amino serta asam lemak esensial serta kadar estradiol_17β dalam darah bagi suksesnya reproduksi ikan lele dumbo. Kata Kunci : Kualitas telur, Clarias gariepinus, Profish, pakan KRA, estradiol_17β
A MADS-box gene-induced early flowering pear (Pyrus communis L.) for accelerated pear breeding

There have been a considerable number of studies that have successfully sped up the flowering cycle in woody perennial horticultural species. One particularly successful study in apple (Malus domestica) accelerated flowering using a silver birch (Betula pendula) APETALA1/FRUITFULL MADS-box gene BpMADS4, which yielded a good balance of vegetative growth to support subsequent flower and fruit development. In this study, BpMADS4 was constitutively expressed in European pear (Pyrus communis) to establish whether this could be used as a tool in a rapid pear breeding program. Transformed pear lines flowered within 6–18 months after grafting onto a quince (Cydonia oblonga) rootstock. Unlike the spindly habit of early flowering apples, the early flowering pear lines displayed a normal tree-like habit. Like apple, the flower appearance was normal, and the flowers were fertile, producing fruit and seed upon pollination. Seed from these transformed lines were germinated and 50% of the progeny flowered within 3 months of sowing, demonstrating a use for these in a fast breeding program.
Connecting seismically active normal faults with Quaternary geological structures in a complex extensional environment: The Colfiorito 1997 case history (northern Apennines, Italy)

The northern Apennines of Italy are characterized by a complex Tertiary tectonic history, where superposed compressional and extensional deformation occurred. In such regions, characterized by low active extensional strain rate, the coseismic surface ruptures are rare and often a matter of much debate resulting in a difficult connection between “geological” faults (i.e., faults which can be mapped at the surface) and “seismological” faults (i.e., faults which actually generate earthquakes). The availability of detailed geological mapping and high‐resolution seismological data for the Colfiorito area, struck in 1997 by a sequence of six 5 < Mw ≤ 6 normal faulting earthquakes, allow us to compare and verify the existence of geometric and kinematic correspondence between the mapped geological Quaternary faults and the activated structures. In map view, the earthquakes distribution reflects the fault pattern mapped at the surface, the length of activated and mapped faults is quite similar (7–10 km), the coseismic subsided region imaged by interferometric synthetic aperture radar data, is located in the hanging wall of the mapped normal faults that bound the Quaternary basins. In section view, there is a geometric connection between mapped normal faults and the aftershock alignments used to image fault geometry at depth. Comparison of striated fault planes and aftershock focal mechanism solutions show a strong kinematic consistency. This study points out that the Quaternary tectonosedimentary evolution and the present‐day geological and geomorphologic setting of the Colfiorito area can be interpreted as the result of repeated, extensional earthquakes, similar to the 1997 events, occurring on NW‐SE trending normal faults. Our data also show that the main shocks of the Colfiorito sequence nucleated close to the intersections between the normal faults and the preexisting compressional/transpressional structures, which in 1997 acted as lateral barriers to rupture propagation and consequently constrained the fault size.
Tuite, γ-Ca 3 (PO 4 ) 2 : a new mineral from the Suizhou L6 chondrite

Tuite, γ-Ca 3 (PO 4 ) 2 , the high-pressure polymorph of whitlockite, was found in a shock melt vein of the Suizhou chondrite. It occurs as polycrystalline aggregates in association with coarse-grained aggregates of ringwoodite, majorite and NaAlSi 3 O 8 -hollandite. These high-pressure mineral assemblages are enclosed in the fine-grained matrix of the vein that consists of majorite-pyrope ss garnet, metal and troilite. This new mineral is trigonal, R 3 m,a = 5.258 A, c = 18.727 A. The tuite is colourless and transparent with vitreous lustre and white streak; it is uniaxial (+) with high refractive indices (ϵ = 1.706, ω = 1.701) and low birefringence (0.005). Microprobe analyses of tuite yield an empirical formula (Ca 2.51 Mg 0.29 ) 2.80 Na 0.28 (P 1.01 O 4 ) 2 . The simplified formula, Ca 3 (PO 4 ) 2 , is the same as whitlockite outside the veins. Stronger reflections on synchrotron radiation X-ray powder diffraction pattern of tuite are d = 2.628 (100), 2.891 (80), 1.945 (47), 1.730 (25) and 1.567(22). The figures in brackets are relative intensities. Tuite in the shock vein of this meteorite was transformed from whitlockite via a shock-produced solid-state reaction, while the pressure and temperature in the shock vein attained 23 GPa and 2000°C. This new mineral and the mineral name (tuite) have been approved by the Commission on New Minerals and Mineral Names of the International Mineralogical Association.
Connection between streamwater mean residence time and bedrock groundwater recharge/discharge dynamics in weathered granite catchments

We examined the connection between the mean residence time (MRT) of streamwater and the bedrock groundwater recharge/discharge dynamics in weathered granite catchments, the Kiryu Experimental Watershed (KEW), Japan. Several hydrological parameters including discharge, direct runoff ratio, baseflow recession, and bedrock infiltration were measured or estimated at subcatchments within KEW. Although large differences in the rainfall–runoff characteristics were observed among the small catchments, the differences became smaller and stabilized at the larger catchment scale. The key factor in the stabilization was the bedrock groundwater recharge and/or discharge dynamics, which reflected the differences in MRTs among the catchments. Our results suggest a dominant control of MRT by key geological factors, namely bedrock permeability and bedrock groundwater dynamics. In other words, MRT provides much information to consider when addressing hydrological scaling issues and/or estimating rainfall–runoff processes in a catchment, even an ungauged catchment. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.