Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Inclusive spatial learning experience. An exploratory framework to deliver human-environment interactions

The design of the built environment strongly influences people’s needs, how they learn, behave, and build relationships. Education and learning are part of the nature of human beings, and allow them to develop skills, advance culture, and answer needs. In the current context, the incremental use of technological devices inside spaces has brought several positive outcomes, but also various challenges due to increased complexity. Limitations in considering the diversity of human needs confronted with architecture and technologies may raise stigmatization and exclusion. This article explores the links between the learning theories and the paradigms of user-centered design, providing theoretical affinities able to reduce the exclusion of people during interaction with spaces and objects. The process of the inclusive spatial learning experience aims to stimulate designers to deliver inclusive spaces that provide a progressive discovery of their characteristics and technologies, with the final goal to improve the experience for people with different abilities, age, gender, culture, and various roles within the specific architecture they use and live.
Is Dental Anxiety Associated with Oral Health-Related Quality of Life? Assessment of Statistical Significance and Clinical Meaningfulness in a Sample of Russian Medical and Dental Students

Information about oral health-related quality of life (OHRQoL) and dental anxiety (DA) in Russian young adults is scarce. We investigated how DA is associated with OHRQoL in a group of medical and dental students in North-West Russia. The study had a cross-sectional design and included 807 students aged 18–25 years who attended the Northern State Medical University in Arkhangelsk. OHRQoL and DA were measured by the Oral Health Impact Profile (OHIP-14) and Corah’s Dental Anxiety Scale (DAS), respectively. A questionnaire collected information on socio-demographics and self-reported oral health (OH) characteristics. A dental examination was executed to assess dental caries and oral hygiene. We observed differences in the OHIP-14 scores between dentally anxious and non-anxious students: unadjusted incidence rate ratio [IRR] = 1.65, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.29–2.12; after adjustment for socio-demographics and clinically assessed OH: IRR = 1.58, 95% CI: 1.23–2.02; after adjustment for socio-demographics, clinically assessed OH, and self-reported OH characteristics: IRR = 1.27, 95% CI: 0.99–1.63. The differences between estimated marginal means for the DAS categories in the models were 2.92, 2.51, and 1.24, respectively. Minimal clinically important differences of OHIP-14 fell between 1.68 and 2.51. We found a negative statistical association between DA and OHRQoL in our study sample, but after adjustment for potential confounders, the association lost its clinical importance.
Effect of cactus pear mucilage as a moistening additive for corn grain silage

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effects of different proportions of cactus pear mucilage as a moistening additive on chemical composition, ammonia nitrogen, volatile fatty acids, microbial dynamics, fermentation losses, pH, and aerobic stability of corn grains in the form of silage throughout storage periods. The study was carried out in a completely randomized design with a factorial arrangement (5×2), with four replications. The factors corresponded to five forms of moistening for corn grain silage, 0, 5, 10, 20, and 40% of cactus pear mucilage (MA) associated or not with urea (U) in the level of 1.5% of DM. The lowest DM content was found in the silage moistened with 40% of cactus pear mucilage, and the greatest CP content was found in the same treatment but when urea was added. Lower contents of propionic and butyric acids were observed in the silages moistened with 5 and 10% of cactus pear without and with the addition of urea. Dry matter recovery was higher in the treatments with water and 10% of cactus pear. The use of urea affected the LAB population only at 15 d of silo opening, providing a bigger population (6.58 logs CFU g-1) when compared to silages without urea (6.27 logs CFU g-1). The lower concentrations of propionic and butyric acids observed in the silage moistened with 5 and 10% of cactus pear mucilage, regardless of the addition of urea. However, it is recommended to use 10% of cactus pear mucilage without the addition of urea, as it provides better indicators of good-quality silage.
Through the cultural looking glass: Diversity ideologies and cultural sharing in intercultural romantic relationships

Intercultural romantic relationships are increasingly common. While past work has focused on how satisfied intercultural couples are compared to monocultural couples, we focus on factors within intercultural relationships that predict partners’ relationship quality. We propose that diversity ideologies—people’s beliefs about cultural diversity—are one set of factors that influence communication about cultural differences and relationship quality. Across two cross-sectional studies of individuals and one longitudinal study of couples in intercultural relationships (Ntotal = 838), we found that people who endorsed colorblindness—ignored cultural differences—expressed their own culture more but accepted their partner’s culture less in the relationship, in turn experiencing mixed relational outcomes. However, participants who endorsed multiculturalism—acknowledged cultural differences and aimed to preserve cultures as distinct—or polyculturalism—recognized cultural differences and viewed cultures as interconnected—expressed their own culture and accepted their partner’s culture more and in turn experienced higher relationship quality. Our studies provide the first empirical examination of how diversity ideologies shape the way intercultural couples communicate about their cultural differences and subsequently impact their relationship quality.
Comparative Study of the Co-Occurring Alternaria and Colletotrichum Species in the Production of Citrus Leaf Spot

Both of the two citrus diseases, Alternaria brown spot (ABS) and Anthracnose, caused by Alternaria and Colletotrichum spp. , respectively, can produce leaf lesions which are hard to differentiate. These two diseases have been confused as causal agents of brown spot for over a decade in China. In this study, citrus leaves with or without brown spot were collected from Zhaoqing, Guangdong and Wanzhou, Chongqing, and were further used for the taxonomic and functional comparisons between the co-occurring Alternaria and Colletotrichum species. In the amplicon sequencing, the average relative abundance and the composition of Alternaria, but not Colletotrichum, increased (from 0.1 to 9.9, p = 0.059; and to 0.7, p < 0.05) and significantly altered (p < 0.01) with the brown spot in Zhaoqing and Wanzhou, respectively. Two representative isolates Alternaria sp. F12A and Colletotrichum sp. F12C, from the same brown spot, were proved with different virulence and host response activation to citrus leaves. F12A caused typical symptoms of brown spot with the average spot length expanded to 5 and 6.1 cm, and also altered the citrus global gene expression 48 and 72 h after inoculation. In addition, F12A enriched the expression of genes that were most frequently involved in plant defense. In comparison, F12C caused leaf spot limited to the wounded site, and its milder activation of host response recovered 72 h after inoculation. Our study indicates that the incidence of brown spot in China is caused by Alternaria species, and the ABS should be a fungal disease of major concern on citrus.
Neuropeptide Y receptor Y2 (npy2r) deficiency reduces anxiety and increases food intake in Japanese medaka (Oryzias latipes)

Neuropeptide Y receptor Y2 (npy2r) is an important receptor gene involved in anxiety and feeding regulation in mammals. Since NPY receptors have different receptor gene deletions in mammals and teleost fish, it is not clear whether npy2r has the similar function in fish as in mammals. In this study, we used the CRISPR/Cas9 system to establish npy2r-deficient medaka (Oryzias latipes). Unexpectedly, the deletion of npy2r resulted in the npy2r +/− medaka were all-male, therefore, npy2r homozygous mutant lines could not be established. The deletion of npy2r increased the food intake in medaka, and the expression levels of appetite stimulating genes (agrp, npy) increased significantly, while the expression levels of anorexia factors (cck, pomc) decreased significantly. Moreover, the absence of npy2r significantly increased the total length and body weight of medaka. The mirror test and open field test showed that npy2r +/− medaka improved sociability and reduced anxiety-like behavior, qRT-PCR analysis showed that the expression levels of anxiety related genes (th1, th2, gr1, gr2, and mr) in npy2r +/− medaka were significantly decreased. So far, this is the first npy2r gene knockout model established in fish and demonstrates that npy2r plays an important role in the regulation of reproduction, feeding and anxiety in fish.
Effects of Phyllostachy edulis and Cunninghamia lanceolata Mixed Forests on Soil Qualities in the Hilly Region,Central Hunan

Compared with Phyllostachy edulis pure forests,soil qualities of P.edulis and Cunninghamia lanceolata mixed forests were studied in the hilly region,central Hunan Province.The results showed that soil bulk densities had decreased by 1.04%～9.41% in P.edulis and C.lanceolata mixed forests,and maximum moisture capacities,capillary water capacities and non-capillary porosities in the soil layers of 0～60 cm had increased by 4.17%,0.99% and 9.16% respectively.For soil nutrient pools,soil organic matter,total N,available N,available P and available K were higher than 9.13%～51.85%,1.42%～41.35%,37.50%～50.00%,45.78%～81.71% and 24.51%～27.43% in P.edulis pure forests.In the soil layers of 0～20 cm,moreover,bacteria numbers,fungus numbers and catalase activities were more than 56.17%,30.77% and 12.73% in P.edulis pure forests,and polyphenol oxidase activities increased by 55.63%～59.45%. The gray incidence degrees of soil physical properties were ordered P.edulis pure forests and P.edulis and Cunninghamia lanceolata mixed forests were 0.623 2 and 0.710 1 respectively,proofing that the soil qualities were better in the latter than in the former.
MEDIATION ROLE OF INTENTION IN THE ENVIRONMENTAL ATTITUDE-BEHAVIOR RELATIONSHIP

The issues related to environmental quality have plagued the minds, harmony and well-being of all humankind. The mentioned environmental issues involve crucial aspects directly related to the behaviour and lifestyle of societies that prioritize economic and material development over environmental conservation for future generations. Therefore, this study aims to assess the role of intention in the relationship between attitude and environmental behaviour. A survey design with a quantitative approach was used in this study. The study focused on rural area located in contaminated river basins in the state of Terengganu. Using a cluster sampling technique, cross-sectional self-report data were collected from residents living within a 500-meter radius of Terengganu's categorized polluted river (n = 373). This study employed partial least squares structural equation modeling (PLS-SEM) to evaluate the proposed relations between the variables. The findings indicated that intention was a mediating variable in the relationship between attitude and environmental behaviour. The results also discovered that the information exposure through media does not act as a moderator between intention and environmental behaviour. Raising environmental awareness and practicing sustainable behaviors are essential to strengthening a country's capacity for sustainable development and cultivate a responsible and environmentally concerned society.
Exploring the Disease-Associated Microglia State in Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis

Background: Neuroinflammation, and specifically microglia, plays an important but not-yet well-understood role in the pathophysiology of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), constituting a potential therapeutic target for the disease. Recent studies have described the involvement of different microglial transcriptional patterns throughout neurodegenerative processes, identifying a new state of microglia: disease-associated microglia (DAM). The aim of this study is to investigate expression patterns of microglial-related genes in ALS spinal cord. Methods: We analyzed mRNA expression levels via RT-qPCR of several microglia-related genes in their homeostatic and DAM state in postmortem tissue (anterior horn of the spinal cord) from 20 subjects with ALS-TDP43 and 19 controls donors from the Navarrabiomed Biobank. Results: The expression levels of TREM2, MS4A, CD33, APOE and TYROBP were found to be elevated in the spinal cord from ALS subjects versus controls (p-value < 0.05). However, no statistically significant gene expression differences were observed for TMEM119, SPP1 and LPL. Conclusions: This study suggests that a DAM-mediated inflammatory response is present in ALS, and TREM2 plays a significant role in immune function of microglia. It also supports the role of C33 and MS4A in the physiopathology of ALS.
BAYESIAN MODELING OF A PERIPHERAL MIDDLE BRONZE AGE SETTLEMENT AT ZAHRAT ADH-DHRA‘ 1, JORDAN

ABSTRACT Analysis of 20 calibrated accelerator mass spectrometry radiocarbon (AMS 14C) ages reveals a chronology for the habitation of a unique peripheral settlement at Zahrat adh-Dhra‘ 1 (ZAD 1), Jordan during the Middle Bronze Age of the Southern Levant. Bayesian modeling distinguishes three phases of occupation between the first settlement at ZAD 1, perhaps as early as about 2050 cal BCE, and its abandonment by 1700 cal BCE. ZAD 1 represents a marginal community, both environmentally and culturally, on the hyperarid Dead Sea Plain, and exemplifies the peripheral settlements that are envisioned as important elements of Bronze Age Levantine society. Most importantly for this study, it is the only peripheral site in the Southern Levant that provides a Bayesian model for its habitation during the growth of Middle Bronze Age urbanized society. The timing of ZAD 1’s constituent phases, early in Middle Bronze I, across the Middle Bronze I/II transition and in Middle Bronze II, correspond well with emerging chronologies for the Middle Bronze Age, thereby contributing to an ongoing reassessment of regional social and settlement dynamics.
Updating real‐time flood forecasts via the dynamic system response curve method

The accuracy of flood forecasts generated using spatially lumped hydrological models can be severely affected by errors in the estimates of areal mean rainfall. The quality of the latter depends both on the size and type of errors in point‐based rainfall measurements, and on the density and spatial arrangement of rain gauges in the basin. Here we use error feedback correction, based on the dynamic system response curve (DSRC) method, to compute updated estimates of the rainfall inputs. The method is evaluated via synthetic and real‐data cases, showing that the method works as theoretically expected. The ability of the method to improve the accuracy of real‐time flood forecasts is then demonstrated using 20 basins of different sizes and having different rain gauge densities. We find that the degree of forecast improvement is more significant for larger basins and for basins with lower rain gauge density. The method is relatively simple to apply and can improve the accuracy and stability of real‐time model predictions without increasing either model complexity and/or the number of model parameters.
Relationship Between Number of Cardiac Rehabilitation Exercise Training Sessions, Muscle Mass, and Cardiorespiratory Fitness in Rural Elderly Patients with Coronary Artery Disease

Purpose This study aimed to compare the effects of a cardiac rehabilitation (CR) exercise program on skeletal muscle index (SMI) and cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) in patients aged ≥65 years. Patients and Methods From January 2012 to December 2021, patients living in rural regions aged ≥65 who underwent percutaneous coronary intervention for acute myocardial infarction (AMI) and at least one CR exercise session were enrolled. We retrospectively reviewed the medical records of the patients who underwent an exercise tolerance test (ETT) at initial and 3-month follow-ups. A total of 36 patients were enrolled who underwent a mean of 6.56 exercise sessions and were divided into groups based on the number of center-based CR (CBCR) sessions: 14 in Group A (≥7 sessions) and 22 in Group B (<7 sessions). In CBCR session, we comprehensively counseled them about their nutrition, smoking cessation et al. Both groups underwent an ETT after 12 weeks. The outcomes were CRF parameters examined by a cardiorespiratory exercise test and the SMI examined by bioimpedance analysis (BIA). Results The number of exercise sessions was significantly correlated with the rate of SMI change. Group A showed significant increases in metabolic equivalent of task (MET), maximal oxygen uptake (VO2max), and SMI after 3 months. There were significant differences in the rates of change in MET, VO2max, and SMI between the two groups. Conclusion CRF significantly improved in Group A in a short period. Further studies are required to increase long-term CBCR adherence in elderly patients with AMI in rural regions.
Vitamin B12 – a scoping review for Nordic Nutrition Recommendations 2023

Vitamin B12 (cobalamin) is essential for normal metabolic function, and even moderate deficiency of this vitamin has negative health effects. Vitamin B12 is found in animal foods, and as vegetarian diets are increasingly popular in Western countries, one might expect a higher prevalence of vitamin B12 deficiency in the Nordic population. Setting recommendations for vitamin B12 intake has proven to be difficult, as uptake of vitamin B12 varies substantially, the clinical deficiency symptoms are often diffuse, and there is no clear agreement on the decision limits for vitamin B12 deficiency. Vitamin B12 deficiency is reported to be particularly common among pregnant women and infants, despite the fact that less than 1% of Norwegian pregnant women have a cobalamin intake below the Nordic Nutrition Recommendations 2012-recommended level of 2.0 µg/day. In addition, the assumption that breast milk contains sufficient vitamin B12 for optimal health and neurodevelopment during the first 6 months of life does not comply with the high prevalence of insufficient vitamin B12 status in this age group. Recommended intakes of vitamin B12 vary among age groups and must be based on markers of cobalamin status, indicating an optimal intracellular biochemical status, and not merely absence of clinical signs of vitamin B12 deficiency.
Dungeness River and Matriotti Creek Post-Total Maximum Daily Load Data Review

The Washington State Department of Ecology (Ecology) is required, under Section 303(d) of the federal Clean Water Act and U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) regulations, to develop and implement Total Maximum Daily Loads (TMDLs) for impaired waters and to evaluate the effectiveness of the water cleanup plan to achieve the needed improvement in water quality. In July 2002, EPA approved several TMDLs for fecal coliform bacteria in streams in the Dungeness River basin. The TMDL package includes a Water Cleanup Plan for Bacteria in the Lower Dungeness Watershed. Since completion of the TMDL project, the Jamestown S'Klallam Tribe and Clallam County have continued to monitor selected TMDL sites to determine if fecal coliform bacteria levels are improving and if the actions implemented thus far from the water cleanup plan are effective. Ecology analyzed the post-TMDL data that the tribe collected and found significant improvements in bacteria levels in some areas. Matriotti Creek fecal coliform levels have significantly improved. Several sites now meet the bacteria target levels set for the creek, and all sites monitored showed some improvement. The mouth of Matriotti Creek needs only a 38% further reduction in bacteria levels which is a significant improvement over the 78% reduction that was needed in the year 2000. The Dungeness River does not yet meet TMDL targets, but improvements in fecal coliform levels were seen during the irrigation season at river mile 0.8. Improvements could be due to decreasing bacteria levels in Matriotti Creek. Meadowbrook Creek fecal coliform concentrations have increased slightly since completion of the TMDL project, and the creek continues to not meet fecal coliform standards.
Does personality matter? Exploring its moderating role on the relationship between neighbourhood ethnic outgroup-size and preferences for Brexit

Prior research has examined the relationship between ethnic outgroup-size at the neighbourhood level and Brexit support, yet there is a lack of understanding on the factors that moderate these e ﬀ ects. This paper critically extends prior debate by focusing on how personality traits moderate not only the extent to which the levels (2011) of ethnic outgroup-size in individuals ’ residential neighbourhoods but also the increase thereof (2001-2011) are associated with individuals ’ preferences about the 2016 Brexit referendum. Using data from Understanding Society, we ﬁ nd that two personality traits, agreeableness and openness, are key moderators a ﬀ ecting the above-mentioned relationship. High-agreeable and high-open individuals are less likely than low-agreeable and low-open individuals to support Brexit. However, while the gap between low and highly agreeable individuals shrinks as ethnic outgroup-size increases, the gap widens between those higher vs. lower in openness. Our ﬁ ndings highlight the multifaceted role of personality traits as a driver of heterogeneous e ﬀ ects on political behaviour. In sum, this paper shows that analysing the complex and intertwined nature of both contextual and individual factors is fundamental for a better understanding, not only of the Brexit referendum but, more broadly, of anti-immigrant sentiment.
Parameter sensitivity of primitive equation ocean general circulation models

Abstract Experiments with a low resolution, primitive equation ocean general circulation model with idealized basin geometry and surface forcing have been carried out in order to identify the processes controlling the climatically important aspects of the circulation. Emphasis was placed on the sensitivity of the model solutions to the magnitude of the vertical diffusivity. Scaling arguments suggest, and the numerical experiments confirm, that the solutions are most sensitive to the magnitudes of the wind stress curl and the vertical diffusivity. For small vertical diffusivity, wind forcing dominates the solution. The vertical scale of the thermocline is set by the strength of the Ekman pumping, and there is a multiple gyre circulation in the upper layers. For large vertical diffusivity, diabatic surface forcing dominates the solution. Vertical diffusion controls the vertical scale of the thermocline, and there is a single large anticyclonic gyre in the upper layers. Both the meridionally and zonally inte.