Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Inversion and Eversion Strengths in the Weightbearing Ankle of Young Women

Maximum isometric ankle inversion and eversion muscle strengths were measured under full unipedal weightbearing in 20 healthy young adult women. When the women wore a low-top shoe, the mean (standard deviation) maximum external eversion moments resisted with the foot in 0° and 32° of ankle plantar flexion were 24.1 (7.6) and 24.1 (8.1) N m, respectively, while the corresponding values for maximum inversion moments resisted were 14.7 (6.8) and 17.4 (6.4) N m, respectively. Both shoe height and ankle plantar flexion affected the overall inversion moment resisted by 17% (P=0.03) at 0° of ankle plantar flexion to 11.9% (P=0.003) at 32° of ankle plantar flexion. However, neither shoe height nor ankle plantar flexion significantly affected the maximum eversion moment resisted. Although eversion muscle strength of the young women averaged 39% less than the corresponding value found in young men, the sex difference was not significant when ankle strengths were normalized by body size (body weight × height). Thus, when data from healthy young men and women were averaged, eversion and inversion strengths averaged 1.6% and 2.7%, respectively, of body weight × height.
European Listed Companies' Share Price Reactions to Global Credit Crunch: Typology of Winners and Losers

The large variances in the share price reactions to the 2007 credit crunch appear to depend on the geographical region, size and financial performance of companies. In order to identify commonalities and idiosyncrasies in these influences, we perform cluster analysis of companies' share price performance and financial and structural data as of 31 December 2008 in comparison to the start of the credit crunch in July 2007 on a sample of 705 listed companies from 45 European countries. Employing k-means clustering, we recognise 8 distinct clusters, one of these comprising companies, which gained in stock prices under the credit crunch. Most of the "winners" tend to be large companies in the EU 15 old member states, showing a relatively low ex ante P/E ratio, high profit margin and moderate return on assets. However, companies having experienced biggest losses in share prices are the ones with highest ex ante P/E ratios and high return on assets, demonstrating a clear contrast between the overly optimistic expectations of shareholders and companies' actual ability to increase value prior to the credit crunch. Interestingly, belonging to a certain industry does not seem to have been a key driver of companies' stock price reactions to the credit crunch. It is evident that the credit crunch that got its start in 2007 in the United States attacked severely also European companies. The credit crunch in the USA became apparent when structured finance products based on mortgage loans turned out to be much riskier than would have been expected under declining real estate prices. This in turn caused a major decline in the ratings of several investment products, bringing along difficulties for companies in the finance and real estate sectors. The liquidity crisis and the consecutive credit crisis, accompanied by a crisis in trust, significantly affected stock prices. The aim of this paper is to map a typology of European listed companies' share price reactions to the credit crunch by means of cluster analysis based on the financial and other data of these companies. In particular, we attempt to get
Torin2 Potentiates Anticancer Effects on Adult T-Cell Leukemia/Lymphoma by Inhibiting Mammalian Target of Rapamycin.

BACKGROUND Torin2 is a second-generation ATP-competitive inhibitor of the mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR). Dysregulation of mTOR signaling pathway, consisting of mTOR complexes mTORC1 and mTORC2, is a promising therapeutic target in some human malignancies. We examined antitumor effects of Torin2 in adult T-cell leukemia/lymphoma (ATL)-related cell lines compared to those of rapamycin, a classical mTOR inhibitor. MATERIALS AND METHODS Cell growth was monitored by detecting viable cells with Cell Counting Kit-8 or trypan blue. Cell cycle was studied by flow cytometric analysis. The phosphorylation status of proteins in the mTOR signaling pathway was examined by western blot analysis. RESULTS Torin2 exhibited greater efficacy in cell growth inhibition than rapamycin, associated with a strong reduction of phosphorylated v-akt murine thymoma viral oncogene homolog (AKT) (Ser 473), that is downstream of mTORC2. CONCLUSION Since mTORC2 activates AKT, Torin2 might inhibit both mTORC1 and mTORC2, resulting in stronger growth inhibition of ATL cells.
Perinatal outcome and placental histological characteristics: a single-center study

Objective: Placental pathology assists in characterizing the antenatal environment and may provide information about the baby’s subsequent development. We aim to assess whether histological patterns of placenta are associated with an increased risk of perinatal diseases and to evaluate how different patterns of placental dysfunction can affect the neurodevelopmental outcome. Methods: We analyzed the histopathological characteristics of 105 singleton placentas from infants born between 23 and 31 weeks of gestation and we assessed pair-wise correlations with perinatal diseases. Estimated relative risks were calculated from odds ratios. Results: Histological chorioamnionitis (CA group) was detected on 51 of 100 placentas tested. Lesions of uteroplacental circulation (abruption, infarction or thrombosis, perivillous fibrin deposition, syncytial knots; vasculopathy group) were detected on 29. 25 normal placentas served as controls. The incidence of bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) and patent ductus arteriosus (PDA) was higher in CA than in control group. The risk of developing retinopathy of prematurity (ROP), intraventricular hemorrhage (IVH) and PDA was higher in CA than in vasculopathy group. Conclusions: At low gestational age CA, rather than placental lesions of vasculopathy, negatively impacts perinatal outcome. Clinical significance of histologic vasculopathy remains questionable. Other pathophysiological mechanisms than those associated with placental changes may occur following dysfunction of uteroplacental circulation.
Restorative Design Features for Hospital Staff Break Areas

Objectives: The study investigated the main restorative components of staff break areas in healthcare facilities, by assessing usage patterns, verbal/visual preferences, and perceived restorative qualities of specific design features found in break areas for hospital staff. Background: Nurses are extremely important to the healthcare industry, and maintaining the quality of nursing care is a central concern for healthcare administrators. While healthcare leaders are concerned about improving nurses’ satisfaction, performance, and job retention, they may overlook the importance of respite for nurses and underestimate the value of designing staff break areas to maximize their restorative potential. Methods: A multi-method approach combined qualitative explorations (focused interviews and narrative survey questions) with quantitative measurements (discrete survey questions and a visual ranking of break-room spaces), and the results were compared and triangulated. Results: It was found that staff break areas are more likely to be used if they are in close proximity to nurses’ work areas, if they have complete privacy from patients and families, and if they provide opportunities for individual privacy as well as socialization with coworkers. Having physical access to private outdoor spaces (e.g., balconies or porches) was shown to have significantly greater perceived restorative potential, in comparison with window views, artwork, or indoor plants. Conclusions: The results of this empirical study support the conclusion that improvements in the restorative quality of break areas may significantly improve nurses’ satisfaction and stress reduction, potentially leading to improved care for the patients they serve.
Multicellular behaviour enables cooperation in microbial cell aggregates

Oligosaccharides produced from the extracellular hydrolysis of biological materials can act as common goods that promote cooperative growth in microbial populations, whereby cell–cell aggregation increases both the per capita availability of resources and the per-cell growth rate. However, aggregation can also have detrimental consequences for growth, as gradients form within aggregates limiting the resource accessibility. We built a computational model, which predicts cooperation is restricted in dense cell aggregates larger than 10 µm because of the emergence of polymer and oligomer counter gradients. We compared these predictions to experiments performed with two well-studied alginate-degrading strains of Vibrio splendidus, which varied in their ability to secrete alginate lyase. We observed that both strains can form large aggregates (less than 50 µm), overcoming diffusion limitation by rearranging their internal structure. The stronger enzyme producer grew non-cooperatively and formed aggregates with internal channels that allowed exchange between the bulk environment and the aggregate, whereas the weak enzyme producer showed strongly cooperative growth and formed dense aggregates in which cells near the core mixed by active swimming. Our simulations suggest that the mixing and channelling reduce diffusion limitation and allow cells to uniformly grow in aggregates. Together, these data demonstrate that bacterial behaviour can help overcome competition imposed by resource gradients within cell aggregates. This article is part of a discussion meeting issue ‘Single cell ecology’.
Time-Varying Co-Movements and Contagion Effects In Asian Sovereign CDS Markets

We investigate interconnectedness and the contagion effect of default risk in Asian sovereign CDS markets since the global financial crisis. Using dynamic conditional correlation analysis, we find that there are significant co-movements in Asian sovereign CDS markets; that such co-movements tend to be larger between developing countries than between developed and developing countries; and that in the comovements intra-regional nature is stronger than inter-regional nature. With the Spillover Index model, we measure contagion probabilities of sovereign default risk in CDS markets of seven Asian countries and find evidence of contagion effects among six of them; Japan is the exception. In addition, we find that these six countries are affected more by cross-market spillovers than by their own-market spillovers. Furthermore, a rolling-sample analysis reveals that contagion in the Asian sovereign CDS markets expands during episodes of extreme economic and financial distress, such as the Lehman Brothers bankruptcy, the European financial crisis, and the US-credit downgrade.
Listeria monocytogenes: silage, sandwiches and science

Abstract Listeria monocytogenes is amongst the most intriguing and well studied of the pathogenic bacteria. However, the understanding and perspective one has of L. monocytogenes depends to a large extent on the microbiological issues with which one is faced as a part of your professional duties. The focus of the veterinary clinician or investigator is likely to be foremost on the neurologic (circling disease) and reproductive diseases L. monocytogenes causes. To the food microbiologist, the principal concern is to prevent introduction of L. monocytogenes into food products, or to identify its presence and prevent its multiplication to numbers of organisms that are likely to pose a substantial risk to humans who ingest the product. To the cellular immunologist, listeriosis represents a robust murine model that helped to elucidate many important concepts in innate and adaptive immunity, and L. monocytogenes is a potential vector for delivery of novel vaccines. To the student of molecular pathogenesis, L. monocytogenes is a powerful and well-characterized model organism for studying the cellular microbiology of an intracellular pathogen. In this brief overview, I will attempt to highlight some of the classical observations, and contemporary insights, on L. monocytogenes and listeriosis, and integrate these perspectives into a common framework. By so doing, I hope to provide those with one perspective on listeriosis with an appreciation of the broad array of problems and issues faced by those who focus on some other aspect of L. monocytogenes and its pathogenesis.
The Debate Over the Sophistication of Analysts' Cash Flow Forecasts and a Correction of Givoly, Hayn, and Lehavy (2013)

Givoly, Hayn, and Lehavy (2013) dispute Call, Chen, and Tong’s (2013) conclusion that analysts’ cash flow forecasts represent sophisticated extensions of their earnings forecasts. Our primary purpose is to highlight the fundamental disagreement that leads to the divergent views on the sophistication of analysts’ cash flow forecasts. We also correct a number of Givoly, Hayn, and Lehavy’s (2013) mis-characterizations of Call, Chen, and Tong (2013). We conclude by encouraging interested readers to consider both Givoly, Hayn, and Lehavy (2009) and Call, Chen, and Tong (2013) and to reach their own conclusions as to the sophistication of analysts’ cash flow forecasts.
Gastric colonization and pneumonia in intubated critically ill patients receiving stress ulcer prophylaxis: A randomized, controlled trial

ObjectiveTo study the effects of pharmacologically increasing gastric pH on gastric colonization and the development of pneumonia in intubated critically ill patients. DesignRandomized, controlled trial. SettingMedical ICU in a university hospital. PatientsThirty-four tracheotomized patients with tetanus. InterventionsSixteen patients received iv ranitidine to increase gastric pH >4 (ranitidine group), while 18 patients received no prophylaxis for upper gastrointestinal bleeding (control group). Measurements and Main ResultsMean gastric pH was higher in the ranitidine group (median 4.7, range 3.6 to 6.1) than in the control group (median 2.1, range 1.2 to 4.9; p < .05). Gastric colonization occurred in 15 (94%) of 16 patients who received ranitidine, 2 days (median; range 1 to 5) after intubation; gastric colonization also occurred in all control patients (median 4 days, range 1 to 9; p < .05). Pneumonia occurred in 13 (81%) of 16 patients who received ranitidine, 3 days (median, range 1 to 5) after intubation and in nine (50%) of 18 control patients (p < .01) 5 days after tracheal intubation (median, range 3 to 14; p < .01). Prior gastric colonization by the pathogen that caused pneumonia was demonstrable in nine (56%) of 16 patients who received ranitidine vs. eight (44%) of 18 control patients (p > .05). The risk for developing pneumonia in the ranitidine-treated group was highest in the first 4 days after tracheal intubation. There was no difference in the frequency of upper gastrointestinal hemorrhage in the two groups. ConclusionsPharmacologically increasing gastric pH increases the risk for developing pneumonia in intubated critically ill patients. The pneumonia occurs earlier than in untreated control patients. (Crit Care Med 1992; 20:590–593)
British industrial relations pluralism in the era of neoliberalism

This article provides a broad overview of the pluralist tradition in UK industrial relations scholarship, identifying its defining characteristics and mapping its evolution in recent decades. It deals in turn with the following: the appreciation of the relative interests of workers and employers that lies at the heart of the pluralist frame of reference, the research agenda that flows from this understanding, pluralist conceptions of context and agency within industrial relations, the standards that pluralists habitually use when assessing the employment relationship, the targets and modes of critique that pluralists direct against intellectual opponents, and the prescriptions that pluralists offer for industrial relations reform. Throughout the article there is a focus on change within the pluralist tradition and the manner in which it has adapted to the hegemony of neoliberalism in the realms of both ideas and policy.
Improved deterministic test pattern generation with applications to redundancy identification

The authors present several concepts and techniques aiming at a further improvement and acceleration of the deterministic test-pattern-generation and redundancy identification process. In particular, they describe an improved implication procedure and an improved unique sensitization procedure. While the improved implication procedure takes advantage of the dynamic application of a learning procedure, the improved unique sensitization procedure profits from a dynamic and careful consideration of the existing situation of value assignments in the circuit. As a result of the application of the proposed techniques, SOCRATES is capable of both successfully generating a test pattern for all testable faults in a set of combinational benchmark circuits, and of identifying all redundant faults with less than ten backtrackings. >
Embolization of dural cavernous fistulas via superior ophthalmic vein approach.

PURPOSE To present the results of our treatment of dural cavernous sinus fistulas with surgical exposure of the superior ophthalmic vein (SOV), retrograde venous catheterization, and coil embolization of the cavernous sinus. METHODS Twelve patients with dural cavernous sinus fistulas were treated via a retrograde transvenous SOV approach in our hospital during a 3-year period. All patients had been referred by ophthalmologists because of secondary glaucoma and decreased visual acuity. Angiography showed preferential venous drainage of the dural cavernous sinus fistulas to an enlarged ipsilateral SOV. A total of 13 SOV exposures were performed, one patient with bilateral fistulas required bilateral treatment. The vein was surgically exposed by an ophthalmologist and then catheterized. Platinum coils were delivered through a microcatheter at the fistula site and into the root of the SOV, until there was complete angiographic closure. RESULTS Catheterization and embolization were successful in 12 of the 13 patients, with complete angiographic occlusion of the fistula. Two patients with bilateral fistulas had transient worsening of symptoms on the contralateral side. Three patients required follow-up angiography. No early complications occurred, and late complications were minor in two cases. All patients except one with long-standing symptoms recovered premorbid visual acuity. At follow-up, 11 (92%) of the 12 embolized fistulas remained occluded. CONCLUSIONS Retrograde catheterization of the SOV and embolization of the cavernous sinus with coils is a direct, safe, and efficient way to occlude dural cavernous sinus fistulas.
Age-Related Alterations in the Carbohydrate Residue Composition of the Cell Surface in the Unexposed Normal Human Epidermis

Background: The results of the very few histochemical studies that have been performed so far on the lectin-binding profile of normal human epidermis are mostly controversial; thus, the carbohydrate residue composition of the cell surface in the latter still remains in dispute and the possible alterations in the epidermal lectin-binding profile are unknown. Objective: To investigate the influence of age on the carbohydrate residue composition of the cell surface in unexposed normal human epidermis by means of lectin histochemistry. Methods: Biopsy specimens obtained from the sun-protected (unexposed) buttock skin, divided into 5 age groups of 18 subjects each, were fixed in buffered formalin (10%) and embedded in paraffin. 4-µm sections were processed for histochemistry using a panel of six biotinylated lectins. Results: In the unexposed normal human epidermis the concentration and distribution of cell surface β-D-galactose, D-galactose-β-(1,3 N-acetylo-D-galactosamine), β(1,4 D-N-acetylo-D-glucosamine) and α-D-N-acetylo-D-galactosamine were almost identical in all age groups, whereas those of α-D-mannose, α-D-glucose and α-L-fucose revealed significant age-related differences. Conclusion: These findings may be due to an age-related decline in synthesis and/or transport of monosaccharides from the cytoplasm to the surface of epidermal cells. Thus, the corresponding lectins concanavalin A and Ulex europaeus agglutinin-I can only be used in comparative histochemical studies of the carbohydrate residue composition of the cell surface in the normal and pathological epidermis of individuals of the same age, whereas Ricinus communis agglutinin-I, peanut agglutinin, wheat germ agglutinin and Dolichos biflorus agglutinin, whose binding to carbohydrates is not affected by aging can be used in histochemical studies of carbohydrate residue composition of the cell surface in the normal and pathological epidermis in human subjects of any age.
The Role of Credit in Predicting US Recessions

We study the role of credit in forecasting US recession periods with probit models. We employ both classical recession predictors and common factors based on a large panel of financial and macroeconomic variables as control variables. Our findings suggest that a number of credit variables are useful predictors of US recessions over and above the control variables both in and out of sample. Especially the excess bond premium, capturing the cyclical changes in the relationship between default risk and credit spreads, is found to be a powerful predictor. Overall, models that combine credit variables, common factors, and classic recession predictors, are found to have the best forecasting performance.
Aromatic L-amino acid decarboxylase activity along the rat nephron.

Extraneural dopamine is thought to be synthesized by an aromatic L-amino acid decarboxylase (L-AADC) activity in tubular cells. However, the previous histochemical studies of this enzyme's localization in the nephron were not consistent. To determine the localization of L-AADC and whether changes in Na intake regulate this enzyme, L-AADC was measured in microdissected nephron segments from rat kidneys. Dopamine formed by isolated tubules incubated with exogenous L-dopa was quantitated by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and with the more sensitive radioenzyme assay (REA). L-AADC activity was present only in proximal convoluted (PCT, 208 +/- 19 ng.cm-1.h-1) and proximal straight tubules (PST, 81 +/- 9 ng.cm-1.h-1), whereas no significant activity was detected in other nephron segments by either HPLC or REA. Maximal velocity (Vmax) of L-AADC in a low-salt diet group (246 +/- 4 ng.cm-1.h-1) showed a small but a significant decrease (P less than 0.05) compared with control and high-salt diet groups (311 +/- 6 and 293 +/- 4 ng.cm-1.h-1, respectively), whereas the apparent Michaelis constant (Km) was similar in these three groups. These results show that L-AADC is present only in the PCT and PST of the rat nephron, and suggest that the changes in L-AADC activity may contribute to the regulation of extraneural dopamine production in the kidney during low-salt intake.