Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
A numerical study of meteorological conditions during pacific ‘93

Abstract An extensive field study (called PACIFIC ‘93), designed to obtain a comprehensive dataset for use in understanding photochemical episodes, was carried out in the Lower Fraser Valley (LFV), B.C., Canada in the summer of 1993. Although many observational studies on local chemistry and meteorology have been reported, there is no complete description of three‐dimensional, time‐varying meteorological conditions over the whole LFV. This study attempts to fill this gap by employing a mesoscale model, the Regional Atmospheric Modelling System (RAMS). In general, the model results agree well with observations, with the index of agreement for surface temperature and wind reaching as high as 0.8 during the daytime, but dropping to 0.4 at night. A good performance is achieved by the model in this long integration for less than three days. Occurrence of local weather systems such as thunderstorms deteriorates overall performance. The modelled vertical structure of wind and temperature at a site close to the Coast Mountains agrees well with tethersonde observations, especially during the daytime. Modelled trajectories demonstrate that tracers released from a surface location near the root of the Coast Mountain follow trajectories determined by two wind systems: westerly sea breezes and southerly up‐valley winds. Up‐valley winds are shown to be a mechanism responsible for transport of tracers to tributary valleys in the Coast Mountains. This finding corroborates the results of McKendry et al. (1998) who investigated transport of pollutants up Pitt Lake Valley. The model results also suggest that convergent thermal plumes near mountain ridges might be mechanisms responsible for carrying pollutants to relatively high elevations in the stable layer. These pollutants, in the present case, are transported by the upper flows back to the LFV.
The Oncogenic lncRNA HOTAIR is not Expressed in the ATRT-MYC-derived Cell Line BT12

A typical teratoid Rhabdoid tumor (ATRT) is a highly aggressive pediatric tumor of the brain and spinal cord and is one of the most lethal neoplasms of early neonatal life, with a mortality rate exceeding 75%. Almost 95% of ATRT carry a biallelic SMARCB1 gene mutation. ATRT-MYC subgroup is distinguished by elevated levels of HOX Transcript Antisense Intergenic RNA, or HOTAIR, long non-coding RNA (LncRNA). We hypothesize that HOTAIR may play an epigenetic role in ATRT onset of tumorigenesis. In this study, we investigated the existence of potential interaction between the SMARCB1 and the HOTAIR in the non-tumor HEK-293 line, harboring a wild-type SMARCB1. First, the levels of HOTAIR in the BT-12 cell line were assessed using quantitative realtime PCR (qPCR) relative to the non-tumor HEK-293 line, harboring a wild-type SMARCB1, as a calibrator. In contrast to previous reports, our results showed that the HOTAIR expression level was below the detection limit of the qPCR assay, with a quantification cycle (Cq) of ≥ 40 cycles in the BT-12 cell line. Silencing of HOTAIR in HEK-293 cells using antisense oligonucleotides resulted in a significant 32% reduction in wound healing compared to mock-transfected cells
In�uence of benzene exposure, fat content, and their interactions on erythroid-related hematologic parameters in petrochemical workers: a cross-sectional study

Background: Ubiquitously distributed benzene is a known hematotoxin. Increasing evidence has suggested that erythroid-related hematologic parameters may be sensitive to benzene exposure. Fat content, which is also closely associated with erythroid-related hematologic parameters, may affect the distribution and/or metabolism of benzene, and eventually benzene-induced toxicity. Methods: To explore the in�uence of benzene exposure, fat content, and their interactions on erythroid-related hematologic parameters, we recruited 1669 petrochemical workers and measured their urinary S-phenylmercapturic acid (SPMA) concentration and erythroid-related hematological parameters. Indices for fat content included body fat percentage (BF%), plasma total cholesterol (TC) and triglycerides (TG) , and occurrence of fatty liver. Results: The dose-response curve revealed U-shaped nonlinear relationships of SPMA with hematocrit (HCT) and mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration (MCHC) ( P -overall <0.001, and P - nonlinear < 0.015), as well as positive linear associations and r-shaped nonlinear relationships of continuous fat content indices with erythroid-related hematological parameters ( P -overall ≤ 0.005). We also observed modi�cation effects of fat content on the associations between benzene exposure and erythroid-related hematological parameters, with workers of lower or higher BF% and TG more sensitive to benzene-induced elevation of MCHC ( P interaction =0.021) and benzene-induced decrease of HCT ( P interaction = 0.050), respectively. We also found that some erythroid-related hematologic parameters differed between subgroups of workers with different SPMA levels and fat content combination. Conclusions: Our study suggested that benzene exposure, fat content, and their interactions may affect erythroid-related hematological parameters in petrochemical workers in a complex manner that are worthy of further investigation.
ARTICULATORY TIMING OF THE JAPANESE SINGLETON AND GEMINATE /t/ PRODUCED BY SPEAKERS OF STANDARD CHINESE

Consonant length contrast is known to be problematic to acquire for L2 learners of Japanese. Previous studies pointed out that the difficulty in producing the contrast can largely be attributed to the incomplete mastery of the timing control in the target language. In this study, we conducted an ultrasound experiment to investigate the realization of the consonant length contrast by L2 learners of Japanese with an L1 Standard Chinese background. We report the results from acoustic and articulatory analyses of the contrast between /t/ and /tː/ with special focus on the gestural duration and articulatory timing. While certain acoustic durational aspects of the contrast were successfully learned by the L2 speakers examined in this study, the difference in the tongue tip gesture duration observed in the native speakers was not present for some of the learners. We discuss the relationship between the articulatory and acoustic timing control.
Predictive Thermal Control (PTC) technology to enable thermally stable telescopes: year three status

The Predictive Thermal Control (PTC) project is a multiyear effort initiated in Fiscal Year 2017, to mature the Technology Readiness Level (TRL) of technologies required to enable ultra-thermally-stable ultraviolet/optical/infrared (UVOIR) space telescope primary-mirror assemblies for ultra-high-contrast observations of exoplanets. PTC has three objectives: validate thermal optical performance models, derive thermal system stability specifications, and demonstrate predictive thermal control. This paper reviews recent and previous accomplishments.
Discrimination against C18O16O during photosynthesis and the oxygen isotope ratio of respired CO2 in boreal forest ecosystems

Our objective was to analyze factors that influence changes in the oxygen isotope ratio (δ18O) of atmospheric CO2 within boreal forest ecosystems. We made measurements in the three major forest types (black spruce, jack pine, and aspen) at the southern and northern ends of the boreal forest in central Canada. This research was part of a larger study, the Boreal Ecosystem‐Atmosphere Study (BOREAS). In terrestrial ecosystems the δ18O value of atmospheric CO2 is strongly influenced by isotope effects that occur during photosynthesis and respiration. Of primary importance is an equilibrium isotope effect that occurs between oxygen in CO2 and oxygen in soil water and plant chloroplast water. During the equilibrium reaction the oxygen isotope ratio of CO2 becomes enriched in 18O relative to that of water. We measured seasonal changes in the oxygen isotope ratio of (1) water input to the ecosystems (precipitation), (2) water taken up by the major plant species from the soil (plant stem water), and (3) water in plant leaves. We used this information in calculations of isotope discrimination during photosynthesis and soil respiration. Discrimination against C18O16O during photosynthetic gas exchange (ΔA) (influenced by equilibration with chloroplast water) averaged approximately 21‰ at midday and was similar for all forest types. In contrast, CO2 released during plant and soil respiration had an average δ18O value of −14.4‰ but was less depleted in 18O than would be expected for respired CO2 in isotopic equilibrium with soil water. This effect was most pronounced in black spruce sites because of the extensive coverage of moss on the ground surface and the observation that water in the upper moss layers can have an oxygen isotope ratio substantially different from water in deeper soil layers.
Engaged Management ReView Engaged Management

Practitioner scholarship is a promising avenue for addressing the gap between academic research and practice. To advance the objective of publishing the findings of practitioner scholarship, we develop the concept of pragmatic rigor, which is intended to complement but not replace scientific rigor. We propose four principles of pragmatic rigor: relevance, actionability, comprehensibility
Relationship of Rapid Intensification of Tropical Cyclones to Dynamical/Thermodynamical Parameters

Many avenues of research are currently being tried for understanding and predicting hurricane intensity forecasts. We have listed several such research avenues being pursued by the research community. This article addresses the use of high-resolution aircraft reconnaissance datasets used for daily data assimilation over three years of hurricane histories that cover rapid intensification cases. We show a number of dynamical and thermodynamical parameters, derived from these datasets, which seem to hold promise for future use in short range statistical forecasts on rapid intensification. These include the vertical differential of heating in the complete potential vorticity equation, the conversion of divergent kinetic energy to rotational kinetic energy, the transformation of shear vorticity to curvature vorticity, and the advection of the earth's and the relative angular momentum into the inner core of hurricanes. We find a rapid growth in the time history of each of these parameters as the rapid intensification occurs. These are demonstrated for a number of recent hurricanes.
Exploring the Wnt enhancer landscape in the mammary gland

It is becoming more clear that countless functional elements involved in gene regulation are scattered throughout the non-coding genome. These elements are difficult to identify, because they do not have a fixed location or general consensus sequence. Also for highly conserved genes, such as the Wnt gene family, we don’t know which genomic elements control their expression. In this chapter, the aim was to set up a workflow that identifies a subclass of regulatory genomic elements, called enhancers, that increase transcription of Wnt genes in the mouse mammary gland. Using a combination of chromatin signature analysis, luciferase assays, and CRISPRa, we have identified a set of Wnt6 and Wnt10a regulatory sequences that show activity in mammary gland cells. Our findings highlight the importance of combining different enhancer identification assays to unravel the mechanisms of gene regulation.
Assessing DEM interpolation methods for effective representation of upland stream morphology for rapid appraisal of bed stability

Digital elevation models (DEMs) of river channels, built by interpolation between samples of topographic survey points, are widely used to represent surfaces and to derive land‐surface parameters. Differencing between successive DEMs permits quantification of change, which in gravel‐bed rivers is used to construct a morphological budget of lower bound estimates of sediment flux and bed‐stability surrogate. Choice of DEM interpolation method strongly influences DEM quality and realistic representation of channel forms. When comparing morphological budgets between multiple contrasting reaches, e.g. for rapid ecological appraisal, an effective and consistent means of DEM construction is required to avoid digitally generated inconsistencies. An appropriate interpolation method should be suitable for accurate representation of channels contrasting in substrate and hydraulic conditions, surveys of varying data density and distribution, and avoidance of site‐specific parameterization. This paper investigates representation of channel form using a series of DEMs generated within Surfer® by triangulation with linear interpolation, natural neighbours, point kriging, universal kriging, multiquadratic radial basis function, modified Shepard's method and inverse distance to a power on the example of four reaches of mountain streams in New Zealand. These reaches represent a diversity of channel forms, substrate and hydraulic properties. DEMs from triangulation with linear interpolation revealed consistently the best results and this method is recommended for geomorphological and ecological studies of multiple reaches. The main advantage over point kriging and radial basis function is better representation of channel margins and bedforms without introduction of breaklines, while it outperforms natural neighbours in honouring measured points. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Cybersecurity Management of AI Systems

We use the term “AI” to encompass both artificial intelligence (AI) and machine learning (ML) systems, and use the term “AI/ML” accordingly. Securing AI/ML systems presents unique cybersecurity management issues not present in non-AI/ML, or “traditional,” systems. These unique management issues arise from the unique components of AI/ML systems that are absent from traditional systems. This work is a continuation of our research where we seek to identify the unique cybersecurity concerns that arise in the development and use of AI/ML systems as well as propose ways that managers can build appropriate cybersecurity plans for these systems
A novel U-shaped relationship between serum klotho and abdominal aortic calcification in the general population.

BACKGROUND Abdominal aortic calcification (AAC) is considered an independent predictor of cardiovascular morbidity and mortality. Klotho, an anti-aging gene, has cardiovascular protective effects. At present, the association between klotho and AAC in the general population is uncertain. We investigated the relationship between serum soluble α-klotho (SSKL) and AAC in 2 327 participants from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. METHODS To estimate the association between log-transformed SSKL (lnSSKL) and AAC, multivariate logistic regression analyses were conducted. Stratified analyses were performed to evaluated the potential modifiers. Smoothed curve fitting and generalised additive models were also performed. RESULTS We found lnSSKL correlated negatively with AAC after adjusting for other confounders. The relationship of lnSSKL with AAC was a U-shaped curve (inflection point: 7.01 pg/ml). On subgroup analyses, stratified by age and smoking habit, the negative correlation of lnSSKL with AAC remained in men and in the population who smoked. CONCLUSION Our study revealed a negative relationship between lnSSKL and AAC in the general population. This relationship showed a U-shaped curve and was influenced by age and smoking habit.
Change of Nonlinear Heart Rate Variability Indices in Different Seasons

The study investigates the nonlinear heart rate variability indices in different seasons and their dependence on current meteorological factors. The study included 61 relatively healthy student volunteers, their age were 19-23 and they were examined repeatedly in different seasons. The HRV (heart rate variability) recording was performed with the use of the hardware-software complex "Varikard 2.51" Nonlinear HRV indices were calculated by means of the Kubios HRV 2.1. The following indicators: SD1, SD2, SD1/SD2, D2, DFA, SampEn and quantitative indicators of recurrence analysis (RQA)—Lmean, Lmax, REC, DET, ShanEn had been analyzed. Statistical analysis was performed using the Statistica 6.0. For the detection of between-group differences were used Repeated Measures ANOVA, and the dependence of nonlinear HRV indices on meteorological was analyzed with the use of multiple non-linear regression. The investigation showed a relative increase in SampEn and the reduction of α1 in winter and spring seasons, strengthening relationships SampEn correlation with other indicators in the winter season as well as the dependence SampEn on meteorological factors in summer. The detected changes can be considered as the realization of adaptive response of a healthy body.
Role of Artificial Intelligence (AI) in Dentistry: Boon or Bane? - A Narrative Review

: Yesterday’s imagination became today’s practicality. Whenever the new technology comes, we all are imbibing it and enjoying the fruits of it. Initially we scare to use the new technology, because of apprehensions, felt it may land us in trouble. But we will slowly start using and adopt the same as usage of social media, Siri, Hay Google and Chat GPT etc. One such technology started to spread its tentacles almost Seven decade back and now it became a revolutionary technology, using worldwide in all the fields including medical and dental fields called Artificial Intelligence (AI). A less percentage of dentists are successfully using AI applications while rendering dental services to their patients. Still majority of dentists throughout the world were not aware of AI applications in dentistry and some of the dentists are apprehensive about AI applications may replace dentists in the future, responsibility for treatment failures while using AI applications. This narrative review aimed to discuss various applications in dentistry, its limitations.
An expert approach to archaeological sites location through remote sensing information

It is commonly accepted that the spatial distribution of archaeological sites is largely dependent on the characteristics of the environment. Hence, during the last decades, many studies have been focused on selecting environmental characteristics that can be used successfully in predicting unknown site locations. In previous studies the authors, using experimental tests and ground surveys, analysed many environmental factors and identified the most important ones for defining the inclination of an area to settling. Some of these could be obtained from cartography and Digital Elevation Models (DEM), whereas others were extracted from remote sensing imagery. In this work, Landsat ETM and IKONOS-2 satellite data were used to obtain environmental information useful in predicting new archaeological sites using an expert euristic approach. The information obtained from satellite data, plus a few other environmental descriptors, was used to build a predictive archaeological model that characterised an inclination to settle in the test area (region of Lucania in Southern Italy). The map of settlement tendency thus obtained, which was verified during few ground surveys, led to the identification of more than one hundred new archaeological sites, with a prediction accuracy greater than 80%. The environmental characteristics of the new archaeological locations were then statistically analysed and their effectiveness was evaluated. The results demonstrated that the integration of remotely-sensed information within an archaeological model greatly enhanced the capabilities for searching out identifying new archaeological settlements.
Factors affecting ammonia-oxidising microorganisms and potential nitrification rates in southern Australian agricultural soils

Ammonia-oxidising archaea (AOA) have recently been described as having an important role in soil nitrification. However, published data on factors which influence their distribution and their impact on a soil’s potential nitrification rates (PNR) are sparse, particularly compared with the amount of information available regarding ammonia-oxidising bacteria (AOB). This study had two aims. First, to investigate which environmental factors affect the AOA : AOB ratio in soils from two agricultural regions, and second, to explore whether the abundance of either AOA or AOB correlated with PNR. Samples were collected from 45 sites within the cropping regions of Western Australia and South Australia. Soils were tested for pH, NH4+/NO3–, organic carbon (C), total nitrogen (N), C : N ratio, PNR, and electrical conductivity. Climate data were obtained from the Queensland Climate Change Centre for Excellence SILO website. Abundances of AOA and AOB were measured using real-time PCR quantification of the gene encoding the ammonia monooxygenase enzyme (amoA). Multivariate statistical analysis was applied to assess correlations between PNR, soil properties, and abundance of AOA or AOB. In the majority samples AOA were present, but their abundance, and the AOA : AOB ratio, varied considerably between sites. Multivariate analysis showed that the distribution of AOA and AOB and the AOA : AOB ratio were strongly correlated with climatic and seasonal factors. Sites where samples were collected during dry, hot periods tended to be AOA-dominated, whereas samples collected during cool, wet periods tended to be AOB-dominated or have equal abundances of AOA and AOB. The PNRs were correlated with total N content, organic C content, and soil pH. There was no clear correlation between AOA or AOB and PNR. This study shows that both AOA and AOB are widespread in Western Australian and South Australian soils and their abundance and ratio are affected by climate and season. It also shows that PNR is more strongly influenced by soil fertility factors than by the AOA : AOB ratio.
A First Look at the Privacy Harms of the Public Suffix List

The public suffix list is a community-maintained list of rules that can be applied to domain names to determine how they should be grouped into logical organizations or companies. We present the first large-scale measurement study of how the public suffix list is used by open-source software on the Web and the privacy harm resulting from projects using outdated versions of the list. We measure how often developers include out-of-date versions of the public suffix list in their projects, how old included lists are, and estimate the real-world privacy harm with a model based on a large-scale crawl of the Web. We find that incorrect use of the public suffix list is common in open-source software, and that at least 43 open-source projects use hard-coded, outdated versions of the public suffix list. These include popular, security-focused projects, such as password managers and digital forensics tools. We also estimate that, because of these out-of-date lists, these projects make incorrect privacy decisions for 1313 effective top-level domains (eTLDs), affecting 50,750 domains, by extrapolating from data gathered by the HTTP Archive project.