Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Overdiagnosis among women attending a population-based mammography screening program

Increased incidence of ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS) and invasive breast cancer (IBC) after introduction of organized screening has prompted debate about overdiagnosis. The aim was to examine the excess in incidence of DCIS and IBC during the screening period and the deficit after women left the program, and thereby to estimate the proportion of overdiagnosis. Women invited to the Norwegian Breast Cancer Screening Program were analyzed for DCIS or IBC during the period 1995–2009. Incidence rate ratios (IRRs) were calculated for attended vs. never attended women. The IRRs were adjusted by Mantel‐Haenszel (MH) method and applied to a set of reference rates and a reference population to estimate the proportion of overdiagnosis during the women's lifespan after the age of 50 years. A total of 702,131 women were invited to the program. An excess of DCIS and IBC was observed among women who attended screening during the screening period; prevalently invited women aged 50–51 years had a MH IRR of 1.86 (95% CI 1.65–2.09) and subsequently invited women aged 52–69 years had a MH IRR of 1.56 (95% CI 1.45–1.68). In women aged 70–79 years, a deficit of 30% (MH IRR 0.70, 95% CI 0.62–0.80) was observed 1–10 years after they left the screening program. The estimated proportion of overdiagnosis varied from 10 to 20% depending on outcome and whether the women were invited or actually screened. The results highlight the need for individual data with longitudinal screening history and long‐term follow‐up as a basis for estimating overdiagnosis.
What is the therapeutic value of antidepressants in dementia? A narrative review

Antidepressants are commonly used in dementia. Depression is a frequent and important co‐morbidity in dementia, and antidepressants are often used to treat depression and more widely. However, there are questions about their utility in depression in dementia and other behavioural and psychological symptoms of dementia. The aim of this narrative review is to summarize the evidence on whether there is therapeutic value in prescribing antidepressants to people with dementia.
Performance of Two HCV RNA Assays during Protease Inhibitor-Based Triple Therapy in Patients with Advanced Liver Fibrosis and Cirrhosis

Introduction On-treatment HCV RNA measurements are crucial for the prediction of a sustained virological response (SVR) and to determine treatment futility during protease inhibitor-based triple therapies. In patients with advanced liver disease an accurate risk/benefit calculation based on reliable HCV RNA results can reduce the number of adverse events. However, the different available HCV RNA assays vary in their diagnostic performance. Aim To investigate the clinical relevance of concordant and discordant results of two HCV RNA assays during triple therapy with boceprevir and telaprevir in patients with advanced liver fibrosis/cirrhosis. Methods We collected on-treatment samples of 191 patients with advanced liver fibrosis/cirrhosis treated at four European centers for testing with the Abbott RealTime (ART) and COBAS AmpliPrep/COBAS TaqMan HCV v2.0 (CTM) assays. Results Discordant test results for HCV RNA detectability were observed in 23% at week 4, 17% at week 8/12 and 9% at week 24 on-treatment. The ART detected HCV RNA in 41% of week 4 samples tested negative by the CTM. However, the positive predictive value of an undetectable week 4 result for SVR was similar for both assays (80% and 82%). Discordance was also found for application of stopping rules. In 27% of patients who met stopping rules by CTM the ART measured levels below the respective cut-offs of 100 and 1000 IU/ml, respectively, which would have resulted in treatment continuation. In contrast, in nine patients with negative HCV RNA by CTM at week 24 treatment would have been discontinued due to detectable residual HCV RNA by the ART assay. Importantly, only 4 of these patients failed to achieve SVR. Conclusion Application of stopping rules determined in approval studies by one assay to other HCV RNA assays in clinical practice may lead to over and undertreatment in a significant number of patients undergoing protease inhibitor-based triple therapy.
Supporting Feature Awareness and Improving Performance with Personalized Graphical User Interfaces

Personalized graphical user interfaces have the potential to reduce visual complexity and improve efficiency by modifying the interface to better suit an individual user’s needs. Working in a personalized interface can make users faster, more accurate and more satisfied; in practice, however, personalization also comes with costs, such as a reliance on user effort to control the personalization, or the introduction of spatial instability when interface items are reorganized automatically. We conducted a series of studies to examine both the costs and benefits of personalization, and to identify techniques and contexts that would be the most likely to provide an overall benefit. We first interviewed long-term users of a software application that provides adaptable (usercontrolled) personalization. A design trade-off that emerged is that while personalization can increase the accessibility of features useful to a user’s current task, it may in turn negatively impact the user’s awareness of the full set of available features. To assess this potential trade-off, we introduced awareness as an evaluation metric to be used alongside more standard performance measures and we ran a series of three studies to understand how awareness relates to core task performance. These studies used two different measures to assess awareness, showing that personalization can impact both the recognition rate of unused features in the interface and user performance on new tasks requiring those features. We investigated both adaptive (system-controlled) and adaptable personalization techniques to help us understand the generalizability of the awareness concept. In addition to introducing and incorporating awareness into our evaluations, we studied how specific contextual and design characteristics impact the user’s experience with adaptive interfaces. In one study, we evaluated the impact of screen size on performance and user satisfaction with adaptive split menus. Results showed that the performance and satisfaction benefits of spatially reorganizing items in the interface are more likely to outweigh the costs when screen size is small. We also introduced a new adaptive personalization technique that maintains spatial stability, called ephemeral adaptation, and evaluated it through two studies. Ephemeral adaptation improves performance over both another closely related adaptive technique and a traditional interface.
Species Distribution Models and Ecological Suitability Analysis for Potential Tick Vectors of Lyme Disease in Mexico

Species distribution models were constructed for ten Ixodes species and Amblyomma cajennense for a region including Mexico and Texas. The model was based on a maximum entropy algorithm that used environmental layers to predict the relative probability of presence for each taxon. For Mexico, species geographic ranges were predicted by restricting the models to cells which have a higher probability than the lowest probability of the cells in which a presence record was located. There was spatial nonconcordance between the distributions of Amblyomma cajennense and the Ixodes group with the former restricted to lowlands and mainly the eastern coast of Mexico and the latter to montane regions with lower temperature. The risk of Lyme disease is, therefore, mainly present in the highlands where some Ixodes species are known vectors; if Amblyomma cajennense turns out to be a competent vector, the area of risk also extends to the lowlands and the east coast.
No . 01-14 Economic Fundamentals Of the Knowledge Society

This article provides an introduction to fundamental issues in the development of new knowledge-based economies. After placing their emergence in historical perspective and proposing a theoretical framework that distinguishes knowledge from information, the authors characterize the specific nature of such economies. They go on to deal with some of the major issues concerning the new skills and abilities required for integration into the knowledge-based economy; the new geography that is taking shape (where physical distance ceases to be such an influential constraint); the conditions governing access to both information and knowledge, not least for developing countries; the uneven development of scientific, technological (including organizational) knowledge across different sectors of activity; problems concerning intellectual property rights and the privatization of knowledge; and the issues of trust, memory and the fragmentation of knowledge.
Task values and self‐efficacy beliefs of undergraduate psychology students

Abstract Objective Psychological literacy has been proposed as an outcome for psychology graduates, which requires an understanding of and integration between theory, research, and practice. Using the expectancy‐value theory, the current study aimed to examine psychology students’ values and self‐efficacy towards these domains. Method Three hundred and nineteen psychology students (M age = 26.25, SD = 10.26) reported on their social influences, task values, and self‐efficacy beliefs for theory, research, and practice. Results Using 3 (Year) × 3 (Domain) mixed factorial analyses of variance (ANOVAs), it was shown that students have poorer task values and lower self‐efficacy towards research than theory or practice. A consistent effect of year was not found for task values, but students’ self‐efficacy beliefs showed an effect of training, with first years reporting poorer self‐efficacy than middle and fourth‐year students. Results indicated that students hold contrasting views of what they perceive friends and family to value compared to their perception of what academic staff value. Conclusions It was recommended that the undergraduate curriculum promote equal values across theory, research, and practice by integrating education in the three domains. Utility interventions are discussed as a cost‐effective way to improve task values and performance in learning domains that are not well‐valued by students.
A Network-Assisted Approach to Predicting Passing Distributions

We introduce an approach of using a linear regression model plus stochastic gradient descent to predict the passing distribution of a soccer team based on data from the UEFA Champions League. Features are derived from player-specific statistics, team-specific history, and network measures while weights are learned to predict the number of passes between each pair of players on a team. Our linear regression model with features and SGD achieved a 25.27% improvement in the average loss from our baseline model of only average past passing networks.
Subquadratic Space-Complexity Digit-Serial Multipliers Over $GF(2^{m})$  Using Generalized $(a,b)$-Way Karatsuba Algorithm

Karatsuba algorithm (KA) is popularly used for high-precision multiplication by divide-and-conquer approach. Recently, subquadratic digit-serial multiplier based on (a,2)-way KA decomposition is proposed in [1]. In this paper, we extend a (a,2)-way KA to derive a generalized (a,b)-way KA decomposition with a ≠ b. We have shown that (a,2)-way KA and mult-way KA are special cases of the proposed (a,b)-way KA decomposition. Based on the proposed KA decomposition, we have established two types of subquadratic digit-serial multipliers, namely, the KA-based multiplier and the recombined KA-based multiplier. From theoretical analysis, as well as, from synthesis results we have shown that the proposed KA-based multipliers have significantly less delay and less area-delay product (ADP) compared to the existing naive digit-serial multipliers.
Mobile robot global localization with non-quantized SIFT features

Presently, the mainstream approach to appearance-based localization with local features uses a quantized representation. In this work, the quantized and non-quantized representations are compared with respect to their discriminativity and information content properties. Having demonstrated the advantages of the non-quantized representation, the paper proposes a localization method based on it, and mechanisms to reduce the computational burden this approach would carry, if taken straightforwardly. This reduction is achieved with context cues provided by gist and by exploring two simplifying assumptions about the training data.
Human polynucleotide phosphorylase selectively and preferentially degrades microRNA-221 in human melanoma cells

MicroRNAs (miRNA), small noncoding RNAs, affect a broad range of biological processes, including tumorigenesis, by targeting gene products that directly regulate cell growth. Human polynucleotide phosphorylase (hPNPaseold-35), a type I IFN-inducible 3′-5′ exoribonuclease, degrades specific mRNAs and small noncoding RNAs. The present study examined the effect of this enzyme on miRNA expression in human melanoma cells. miRNA microarray analysis of human melanoma cells infected with empty adenovirus or with an adenovirus expressing hPNPaseold-35 identified miRNAs differentially and specifically regulated by hPNPaseold-35. One of these, miR-221, a regulator of the cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor p27kip1, displayed robust down-regulation with ensuing up-regulation of p27kip1 by expression of hPNPaseold-35, which also occurred in multiple human melanoma cells upon IFN-β treatment. Using both in vivo immunoprecipitation followed by Northern blotting and RNA degradation assays, we confirm that mature miR-221 is the target of hPNPaseold-35. Inhibition of hPNPaseold-35 by shRNA or stable overexpression of miR-221 protected melanoma cells from IFN-β–mediated growth inhibition, accentuating the importance of hPNPaseold-35 induction and miR-221 down-regulation in mediating IFN-β action. Moreover, we now uncover a mechanism of miRNA regulation involving selective enzymatic degradation. Targeted overexpression of hPNPaseold-35 might provide an effective therapeutic strategy for miR-221–overexpressing and IFN-resistant tumors, such as melanoma.
Stressing Mitosis to Death

The final stage of cell division (mitosis), involves the compaction of the duplicated genome into chromatid pairs. Each pair is captured by microtubules emanating from opposite spindle poles, aligned at the metaphase plate, and then faithfully segregated to form two identical daughter cells. Chromatids that are not correctly attached to the spindle are detected by the constitutively active spindle assembly checkpoint (SAC). Any stress that prevents correct bipolar spindle attachment, blocks the satisfaction of the SAC, and induces a prolonged mitotic arrest, providing the cell time to obtain attachment and complete segregation correctly. Unfortunately, during mitosis repairing damage is not generally possible due to the compaction of DNA into chromosomes, and subsequent suppression of gene transcription and translation. Therefore, in the presence of significant damage cell death is instigated to ensure that genomic stability is maintained. While most stresses lead to an arrest in mitosis, some promote premature mitotic exit, allowing cells to bypass mitotic cell death. This mini-review will focus on the effects and outcomes that common stresses have on mitosis, and how this impacts on the efficacy of mitotic chemotherapies.
Bed Evolution under One-Episode Flushing in a Truck Sewer in Paris, France

Sewer deposits have been identified as a major cause of dysfunctions in combined sewer systems regarding sewer management, which induces different negative consequents resulting in poor hydraulic conveyance, environmental damages as well as worker’s health. In order to overcome the problematics of sedimentation, flushing has been considered as the most operative and cost-effective way to minimize the sediments impacts and prevent such challenges. Flushing, by prompting turbulent wave effects, can modify the bed form depending on the hydraulic properties and geometrical characteristics of the conduit. So far, the dynamics of the bed-load during high-flow events in combined sewer systems as a complex environment is not well understood, mostly due to lack of measuring devices capable to work in the “hostile” in combined sewer system correctly. In this regards, a one-episode flushing issue from an opening gate valve with weir function was carried out in a trunk sewer in Paris to understanding its cleansing efficiency on the sediments (thickness: 0-30 cm). During more than 1h of flushing within 5 m distance in downstream of this flushing device, a maximum flowrate and a maximum level of water have been recorded at 5 m in downstream of the gate as 4.1 m3/s and 2.1 m respectively. This paper is aimed to evaluate the efficiency of this type of gate for around 1.1 km (from the point -50 m to +1050 m in downstream from the gate) by (i) determining bed grain-size distribution and sediments evolution through the sewer channel, as well as their organic matter content, and (ii) identifying sections that exhibit more changes in their texture after the flush. For the first one, two series of sampling were taken from the sewer length and then analyzed in laboratory, one before flushing and second after, at same points among the sewer channel. Hence, a non-intrusive sampling instrument has undertaken to extract the sediments smaller than the fine gravels. The comparison between sediments texture after the flush operation and the initial state, revealed the most modified zones by the flush effect, regarding the sewer invert slope and hydraulic parameters in the zone up to 400 m from the gate. At this distance, despite the increase of sediment grain-size rages, D50 (median grain-size) varies between 0.6 mm and 1.1 mm compared to 0.8 mm and 10 mm before and after flushing, respectively. Overall, regarding the sewer channel invert slope, results indicate that grains smaller than sands (< 2 mm) are more transported to downstream along about 400 m from the gate: in average 69% before against 38% after the flush with more dispersion of grain-sizes distributions. Furthermore, high effect of the channel bed irregularities on the bed material evolution has been observed after the flush.
Higher-Order Concurrency in PVM

Message-passing systems are typically used to achieve high-performance parallel computing. In this paper we examine how advanced concurrent programming can be achieved using existing message-passing systems. In particular, we look at Reppy's extension to Hoare's basic CSP model, called higher-order concurrency, where communication events (such as send, receive and non-deterministic choice) are rst-class just like normal program variables (e.g., integers), that is, they can be created at run-time, assigned to variables, and passed to and returned from functions. This allows the construction of high-level concurrent features without explicit support for them in the model itself. We see how rst-class events can be implemented in PVM, showing that it forms the base of a powerful concurrent-programming language. We also provide garbage-collection of processes, which simpliies selective communication and dealing with end-cases. The implementation promotes more widespread use of the exibility present in the higher-order-concurrency model, and allows multiple processors to be exploited in such programs.
High Level Constitutive Expression of Luciferase Reporter by lsd90 Promoter in Fission Yeast

Because of a large number of molecular similarities with higher eukaryotes, the fission yeast Schizosaccharomyces pombe has been considered a potentially ideal host for expressing human proteins having therapeutic and pharmaceutical applications. However, efforts in this direction are hampered by lack of a strong promoter. Here, we report the isolation and characterization of a strong, constitutive promoter from S. pombe. A new expression vector was constructed by cloning the putative promoter region of the lsd90 gene (earlier reported to be strongly induced by heat stress) into a previously reported high copy number vector pJH5, which contained an ARS element corresponding to the mat2P flanking region and a truncated URA3m selectable marker. The resulting vector was used to study and compare the level of expression of the luciferase reporter with that achieved with the known vectors containing regulatable promoter nmt1 and the strong constitutive promoter adh1 in S. pombe and the methanol-inducible AOX1 promoter in Pichia pastoris. Following growth in standard media the new vector containing the putative lsd90 promoter provided constitutive expression of luciferase, at a level, which was 19-, 39- and 10-fold higher than that achieved with nmt1, adh1 and AOX1 promoters, respectively. These results indicate a great potential of the new lsd90 promoter-based vector for commercial scale expression of therapeutic proteins in S. pombe.
Generating summaries for photographic images based on human affects

The selection of canonical images that best represent a scene type is very important for efficiently visualizing search results and re-ranking them. The canonical images can be obtained using various aspects including viewpoint, visual features, and semantics. Here, we propose the selection of canonical images based on human affects. The proposed method is performed using three steps: extract the affective features from the input image, cluster images in the affective space and rank the clusters, and find representative images within each cluster. First, the probabilistic affective model is used to transform the images into the affective space. Thereafter, the images are clustered in the affective space. Then, the selected canonical images are representative and distinctive from each other. Thus, we define three prominent properties that an informative summary should satisfy: coverage, affective coherence, and distinctiveness. Based on these, cluster ranking is performed. Finally, the representative images for each cluster are selected, all of which are displayed as canonical images to the user. Experiments using web image databases demonstrate are not only representative but also exhibit a diverse set of views with minimal redundancy.
A smart card based user authentication scheme for multi-server environment

There are many severs that provide various services in the Internet. A user authentication scheme for these servers is a precondition. User authentication schemes are many studied by researchers for a multi-server environment. But user authentication doesn't secure safety in a multi-server environment that exist many servers by currently used authentication. Because we can't prove that all servers are safe, there are a variety of attacks like a Server spoofing, Password or Verification table attack, User Impersonation attack and Reply attack. To solve these problems, existing paper proposed various schemes using a public key algorithm, one-way hash function and mixed them together. And recently, more efficient authentication schemes are proposed by Tsai, Liao-Wang and Wang-Juang-Lei. However, Tsai's and Liao-Wang's scheme have an impersonation attack and a server spoofing. Wang-Juang-Lei's scheme has a password synchronization problem. And their's also can't ensure a forward secrecy. In this paper, we designed to be registered the unique value of its own into the Smart Card at the Registration phase for secure communication between the Smart card and user. This value SCV is encoded by operating the hash function. And because of this value, even if communication data is exposed between the Smart Card and User, however, can ensure safety. And also to solve a password synchronization problem, our scheme is designed safely, even if isn't continuously changed the password. And our proposed method use only one-way hash function. Thus, we can ensure more efficient and high safety than in the existing method.