Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Beyond the dinner table: who’s having breakfast, lunch and dinner family meals and which meals are associated with better diet quality and BMI in pre-school children?

Abstract Objective Having frequent family dinners is associated with better diet quality in children; however, it is unknown whether the frequency of certain family meal types (i.e. dinner) is more strongly associated with better child weight and diet quality compared with other meal types (i.e. breakfast, lunch). Thus, the current study examined the frequency of eating breakfast, lunch or dinner family meals and associations with pre-school children’s overall diet quality (HEI-2010) and BMI percentile. Design Cross-sectional baseline data (2012–2014) from two randomized controlled childhood obesity prevention trials, NET-Works and GROW, were analysed together. Setting Studies were carried out in community and in-home settings in urban areas of Minnesota and Tennessee, USA. Subjects Parent–child (ages 2–5 years) pairs from Minnesota (n 222 non-Hispanics; n 312 Hispanics) and Tennessee (n 545 Hispanics; n 55 non-Hispanics) participated in the study. Results Over 80 % of families ate breakfast or lunch family meals at least once per week. Over 65 % of families ate dinner family meals ≥5 times/week. Frequency of breakfast family meals and total weekly family meals were significantly associated with healthier diet quality for non-Hispanic pre-school children (P<0·05), but not for Hispanic children. Family meal frequency by meal type was not associated with BMI percentile for non-Hispanic or Hispanic pre-school children. Conclusions Breakfast family meal frequency and total weekly family meal frequency were associated with healthier diet quality in non-Hispanic pre-school children but not in Hispanic children. Longitudinal research is needed to clarify the association between family meal type and child diet quality and BMI percentile.
The process of pregnancy smoking cessation: implications for interventions

OBJECTIVE There is a growing body of knowledge about the pregnant smoker and what happens as she goes through the pregnancy and postpartum periods. This article reviews the process of smoking cessation in the context of pregnancy. DATA SOURCES Epidemiological data, extant reviews of the literature, and current original research reports are used to examine characteristics of the women and of the change process for those women smokers who quit, stop, or modify their smoking during pregnancy and the postpartum period. DATA SYNTHESIS An analysis of the interaction of the process of smoking cessation with pregnancy was conducted to gain insight into the unique problems faced by the pregnant smoker and discover directions for intervention. CONCLUSIONS Pregnancy and the postpartum period provide a window of opportunity to promote smoking cessation and smoke free families. Understanding obstacles and pathways for pregnancy and postpartum smoking cessation can guide implementation of effective existing programs and development of new ones. Recommendations include promoting cessation before and at the beginning of pregnancy, increasing delivery of treatment early in pregnancy, helping spontaneous and intervention assisted quitters to remain tobacco free postpartum, aiding late pregnancy smokers, and involving the partner of the woman smoker.
Animal Models of Polyglutamine Diseases and Therapeutic Approaches*

The dominant gain-of-function polyglutamine repeat diseases, in which the initiating mutation is known, allow development of models that recapitulate many aspects of human disease. To the extent that pathology is a consequence of disrupted fundamental cellular activities, one can effectively study strategies to ameliorate or protect against these cellular insults. Model organisms allow one to identify pathways that affect disease onset and progression, to test and screen for pharmacological agents that affect pathogenic processes, and to validate potential targets genetically as well as pharmacologically. Here, we describe polyglutamine repeat diseases that have been modeled in a variety of organisms, including worms, flies, mice, and non-human primates, and discuss examples of how they have broadened the therapeutic landscape.
Cognitive-behavioral therapy for insomnia improves attentional function in fibromyalgia syndrome: A pilot, randomized controlled trial

This pilot, randomized controlled trial analyzed the effects of a cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT, n = 20) for insomnia vs a sleep hygiene (SH, n = 20) program on the three attentional networks (alertness, orienting, and executive function) and other additional outcome measures (sleep, pain, depression, anxiety, and daily functioning) of fibromyalgia patients. The CBT group showed significant improvement in alertness (F(1, 28) = 11.84, p = . 0018), executive functioning (F(1, 28) = 15.76, p = . 00059), sleep quality ( F(1, 38) = 6.33, p = . 016), and a trend to improvement in daily functioning (p > .06), as compared with the SH group. The improvement in executive functioning was significantly related to the changes in sleep (r = 0.40, p = .026). A CBT for insomnia represents a useful intervention in fibromyalgia patients not only regarding sleep disturbance but also attentional dysfunction and probably daily functioning.
Computer-Aided Generation of Multiple-Choice Tests

Summary form only given. The paper describes a novel automatic procedure for the generation of multiple-choice tests from electronic documents. In addition to employing various NLP techniques including term extraction and shallow parsing, the system makes use of language resources such as corpora and ontologies. The system operates in a fully automatic mode and also a semiautomatic environment where the user is offered the option to post-edit the generated test items. The results from the conducted evaluation suggest that the new procedure is very effective saving time and labour considerably and that the test items produced with the help of the program are not of inferior quality to those produced manually.
Classification d'images texturées basée sur K-barycentres : meilleure gestion de la diversité intra-classe

Les images de texture naturelle presentent de fortes variabilites par classe induites par les differentes conditions d'acquisition (eclairage de la scene, difference de perspective, .). Pour gerer l'effet negatif de cette variabilite sur les performances de classification, un nouvel algorithme de classification supervisee basee sur une forme K-barycentrique est propose. Une etude comparative entre plusieurs algorithmes de classification supervisee sur les bases de donnees d'images texturees VisTex et Brodatz est realisee et montre que la classification K-barycentres propose un bon compromis entre performances de classification et cout calculatoire.
Metabolism and Growth in Arabidopsis Depend on the Daytime Temperature but Are Temperature-Compensated against Cool Nights[W][OA]

This study investigated the response of metabolism and growth to fluctuating temperatures under carbon-limiting conditions (short days, low light). It is shown that biomass production is determined largely by the daytime temperature via its effect on photosynthesis. By contrast, the mobilization of starch and use of carbon for growth is compensated against changes in the night temperature. Diurnal cycles provide a tractable system to study the response of metabolism and growth to fluctuating temperatures. We reasoned that the response to daytime and night temperature may vary; while daytime temperature affects photosynthesis, night temperature affects use of carbon that was accumulated in the light. Three Arabidopsis thaliana accessions were grown in thermocycles under carbon-limiting conditions with different daytime or night temperatures (12 to 24°C) and analyzed for biomass, photosynthesis, respiration, enzyme activities, protein levels, and metabolite levels. The data were used to model carbon allocation and growth rates in the light and dark. Low daytime temperature led to an inhibition of photosynthesis and an even larger inhibition of growth. The inhibition of photosynthesis was partly ameliorated by a general increase in protein content. Low night temperature had no effect on protein content, starch turnover, or growth. In a warm night, there is excess capacity for carbon use. We propose that use of this capacity is restricted by feedback inhibition, which is relaxed at lower night temperature, thus buffering growth against fluctuations in night temperature. As examples, the rate of starch degradation is completely temperature compensated against even sudden changes in temperature, and polysome loading increases when the night temperature is decreased.
Impairment of voluntary movement by spasticity

Sahrmann and Norton [ 51 have questioned the prevalent belief that hyperactive stretch reflexes are directly related to impairment of movement in patients with the upper motor neuron syndrome: “though the premise is widely accepted that spasticity limits voluntary movement, there are no critical data to test its validity. ” We have recently examined a hemiparetic man whose clinical presentation and electromyographic findings provide some relevant data. A 46-year-old man had a four-year history of right hemiparesis due to a left hemisphere oligodendroglioma. H e complained that he could not use a hammer to drive nailsor to flatten objects such as aluminum cans. He had moderate weakness of the right upper limb, more pronounced distally. Tendon jerks were hyperactive on the right side. Slow movements of the elbow were done without difficulty, but rapid extensions were checked abruptly en route to the desired position. When the patient tried to strike with a hammer, movement was arrested about halfway to the target and then completed in a series of short, jerky movements. We surmised that his inability to extend the forearm rapidly was caused by hyperactivity of the stretch reflex in the elbow flexors. To test this possibility, EMG tracings were obtained from the right biceps and triceps during movement of the elbow at various rates. Action potentials, detected by means of Beckman skin electrodes, were fullwave rectified and processed by an averaging filter [21; the apparatus used to record position and velocity of the hand has been described elsewhere [l] . Signals representing the two EMGs, as well as the kinetic variables, were recorded with an Ampex tape recorder, then played back at reduced tape speed and displayed by means of a Grass polygraph. The patient was asked to extend his elbow repeatedly at various speeds, ranging from the slowest to the fastest possible. Slow movements were completed without difficulty, but faster ones were interrupted in midcourse, as seen in Figure 1. This sudden arrest of movement after about 0.25 second cannot be attributed to weakness of the triceps muscle, but rather to an excessive braking force exerted by the flexor group. After the initial arrest, extension was completed in a series of smaller accelerations, shown by rise and fall of the velocity curve. Since only the faster movements were arrested in this way, we suspected that the phenomenon was related to the rate sensitivity of antagonist muscle spindles [4]. Accordingly, the patient’s right elbow was subjected to a series of
An improved physical layer network coding scheme for two-way relay systems

In this paper we consider a two-way relaying system with two sources A, B and one relay R, where the two sources desire to exchange information through the relay. The transmission consists of two states: multiple access (MAC) stage, where A and B transmit the channel-coded signals to R simultaneously, and broadcast (BC) stage, where R transmits towards both A and B. One critical process at R is to decode the superimposed signal from A and B in such a way that A and B could decode the information from each other reliably at the BC stage. Instead of decoding the individual information belonging to A and B separately, R aims to decode the superimposed signal to the network-coded combination of the two source information, i.e., the binary XOR of the two source information. We refer this decoding process as the joint channel decoding and physical network encoding (JCNC). In this paper, a novel iterative decoding algorithm is presented for the physical network coding scheme, which is applicable to any linear channel code, e.g. Low-Density Parity-Check (LDPC) code. Furthermore, the two-way relaying scheme is extended to distributed multiple input multiple output (MIMO) multi-hop networks. Based on an antenna selection criterion within each virtual antenna array (VAA), the end-to-end (e2e) BER of the multi-hop system can be further reduced. Simulation results show that the proposed scheme outperforms other recently proposed network coding schemes with slightly increased complexity.
Responses of cerebral blood velocity and tissue oxygenation to low‐frequency oscillations during simulated haemorrhagic stress in humans

What is the central question of this study? Do low‐frequency oscillations in arterial pressure and cerebral blood velocity protect cerebral blood velocity and oxygenation during central hypovolaemia? What is the main finding and its importance? Low‐frequency oscillations in arterial pressure and cerebral blood velocity attenuate reductions in cerebral oxygen saturation but do not protect absolute cerebral blood velocity during central hypovolaemia. This finding indicates the potential importance of haemodynamic oscillations in maintaining cerebral oxygenation and therefore viability of tissues during challenges to cerebral blood flow and oxygen delivery.
Analysis of climate-related risk and maize production in southwest, Nigeria.

One of the consequences of climate change in Sub-Saharan Africa is that farmers would be more exposed to production risk. Therefore, it is imperative to analyse the climate-related risk and maize production in Southwest, Nigeria. Secondary data between 1981 and 2012 were collected on relevant variables and analysed using Growth Function, Co-integration Model (Autoregressive Distributed Lag Approach) and J-P Model. The results confirmed the presence of long-run equilibrium between maize production and temperature, rainfall and relative humidity. The Error Correction Model (ECM) value was -0.0238 for the enterprise. The results of the analysis on the climaterelated risk indicated that temperature increased the production risk of maize farmers. It can be concluded that farmers face climate-related risk as temperature increased the production risk of maize farmers. Therefore, stakeholders should create more awareness on the need to always practice eco-friendly activities and put in place coping strategies against the menace of climate change.
TelCoVis: Visual Exploration of Co-occurrence in Urban Human Mobility Based on Telco Data

Understanding co-occurrence in urban human mobility (i.e. people from two regions visit an urban place during the same time span) is of great value in a variety of applications, such as urban planning, business intelligence, social behavior analysis, as well as containing contagious diseases. In recent years, the widespread use of mobile phones brings an unprecedented opportunity to capture large-scale and fine-grained data to study co-occurrence in human mobility. However, due to the lack of systematic and efficient methods, it is challenging for analysts to carry out in-depth analyses and extract valuable information. In this paper, we present TelCoVis, an interactive visual analytics system, which helps analysts leverage their domain knowledge to gain insight into the co-occurrence in urban human mobility based on telco data. Our system integrates visualization techniques with new designs and combines them in a novel way to enhance analysts' perception for a comprehensive exploration. In addition, we propose to study the correlations in co-occurrence (i.e. people from multiple regions visit different places during the same time span) by means of biclustering techniques that allow analysts to better explore coordinated relationships among different regions and identify interesting patterns. The case studies based on a real-world dataset and interviews with domain experts have demonstrated the effectiveness of our system in gaining insights into co-occurrence and facilitating various analytical tasks.
Effect of hydrophilic swellable polymers on dissolution enhancement of carbamazepine solid dispersions studied using response surface methodology

The objective of this work was to study dissolution enhancement efficiency and solid dispersion formation ability of hydrophilic swellable polymers such as sodium carboxymethyl cellulose (Na-CMC), sodium starch glycolate (SSG), pregelatinized starch (PGS), and hydroxypropylmethyl cellulose (HPMC) with carbamazepine using 32 full factorial design for each of the polymers. Solid dispersions of carbamazepine were prepared using solvent evaporation method with around 70% solvent recovery. The independent variables were the amount of polymer and organic solvent. The dependent variables assessed were percentage drug dissolved at various time points and dispersion efficiency (ie, in terms of particle size of solid dispersion). Solid dispersions were evaluated for percentage drug dissolved, wettability, differential scanning calorimetry, scanning electron microscopy, and angle of repose. Multiple linear regression of results obtained led to equations, which generated contour plots to relate the dependent variables. Similarity factor and mean dissolution time were used to compare dissolution patterns obtained in distilled water and simulated gastric fluid United States Pharmacopeia (USP) XXVI of pH 1.2. Maximum drug dissolution was obtained with polymer order Na-CMC>SSG>PGS>HPMC. Particle size of drug was reduced ≈ 10–15, 3–5, 5–7, and 10–25 times in Na-CMC, SSG, PGS, and HPMC solid dispersions, respectively; whereas wettability of solid dispersions was found in the order of Na-CMC>HPMC>PGS>SSG. Angle of repose was found to be in the range of 29° to 35° for all solid dispersions, which shows good flowability characteristics. HPMC showed increase in drug dissolution up to an optimized level; however, furthers increase in its concentration decreased drug dissolution.
Análisis de períodos para producir maíz (Zea mays l.) considerando la distribución temporal de la precipitación y la evapotranspiración

espanolEl maiz es la graminea mas cultivada en Ecuador y su rendimiento esta fuertemente influenciado por la distribucion temporal de la precipitacion y evapotranspiracion. El objetivo del trabajo consistio en determinar el impacto que provocan estos dos componentes dentro del balance hidrico del cultivo en Lodana (Santa Ana-Manabi) durante los anos 2007-2011, en doce posibles periodos de produccion. En la zona el inicio de la epoca lluviosa ocurre cuando la precipitacion supera el 1 mm dia-1 (diciembre-mayo). Asi, el periodo de mayor el maiz corresponde al comprendido entre el 1 de agosto al 3 de diciembre con 445.1 mm, mientras que lo contrario ocurre entre el 1 de diciembre hasta el 4 de abril con 326 mm. Estos resultados muestran una importante necesidad de riego equivalente a 358.8 mm principalmente en el periodo del 1 de septiembre al 3 de enero de los cuales 201.3 mm se necesitan para satisfacer la etapa de mayor consumo de agua. EnglishCorn is the most widely grown grain in Ecuador and its growth is strongly influenced by the timing of precipitation and evapotranspiration. The aim of the study was to determine the impact that these two components produced in corn within the water balance in Lodana (Santa Ana-Manabi) from 2007 to 2011 in twelve possible production periods. In the area, the beginning of the rainy season occurs when precipitation exceeds 1 mm day -1 (December to May). Thus, the period of greatest ET maiz corresponds to the period from August 1 st to December 3 rd with 445.1 mm, while the opposite occurs between December 1 st until April 4 th 326 mm. These results show an important need for irrigation equivalent to 358.8 mm mainly in the period from September 1 to January 3 of which 201.3 mm are needed to meet the stage of increased water consumption.
Fault tolerant networks with small degree

In this paper, we study the design of fault tolerant networks for arrays and meshes by adding redundant nodes and edges. For a target graph <italic>G</italic> (linear array or mesh in this paper), a graph <italic>G</italic>′ is called a &kgr;-fault-tolerant graph of <italic>G</italic> if when we remove any &kgr; nodes from <italic>G</italic>′, it still contains a subgraph isomorphic to <italic>G</italic>. The major quality measures for a fault-tolerant graph are the number of spare nodes it uses and the maximum degree it has. The degree is particularly important in practice as it poses constraints on the scalability of the system. In this paper, we aim at designing fault-tolerant graphs with both small degree and small number of spare nodes. The graphs we obtain have degree <italic>O</italic>(1) for arrays and <italic>O</italic>(log<supscrpt>3</supscrpt> &kgr;) for meshes. The number of spare nodes used are <italic>O</italic>(&kgr; log<supscrpt>2</supscrpt> &kgr;) and <italic>O</italic>(&kgr;<supscrpt>2</supscrpt>/log &kgr;), respectively. Compared to the previous results, the number of spare nodes used in our construction has one fewer linear factor in &kgr;.
In vivo screening for toxicity-modulating drug interactions identifies antagonism that protects against ototoxicity in zebrafish

Ototoxicity is a debilitating side effect of over 150 medications with diverse mechanisms of action, many of which could be taken concurrently to treat multiple conditions. Approaches for preclinical evaluation of drug interactions that might impact ototoxicity would facilitate design of safer multi-drug regimens and mitigate unsafe polypharmacy by flagging combinations that potentially cause adverse interactions for monitoring. They may also identify protective agents that antagonize ototoxic injury. To address this need, we have developed a novel workflow that we call Parallelized Evaluation of Protection and Injury for Toxicity Assessment (PEPITA), which empowers high-throughput, semi-automated quantification of ototoxicity and otoprotection in zebrafish larvae. By applying PEPITA to characterize ototoxic drug interaction outcomes, we have discovered antagonistic interactions between macrolide and aminoglycoside antibiotics that confer protection against aminoglycoside-induced damage to lateral line hair cells in zebrafish larvae. Co-administration of either azithromycin or erythromycin in zebrafish protected against damage from a broad panel of aminoglycosides, at least in part via inhibiting drug uptake into hair cells via a mechanism independent from hair cell mechanotransduction. Conversely, combining macrolides with aminoglycosides in bacterial inhibition assays does not show antagonism of antimicrobial efficacy. The proof-of-concept otoprotective antagonism suggests that combinatorial interventions can potentially be developed to protect against other forms of toxicity without hindering on-target drug efficacy.