Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Fuzzy Reliability Analysis of a Multi-sensor Fusion System

Reliability models for various fault tolerant computer architectures are developed. Markov model is very useful calculating with state space by using transition probability and initial value. In practice, sometimes we can not have the exact values of lambda, mu, rho but with some uncertainty about these values. The combination fuzzy logic and Markov model method is introduced and analyzed besides the traditionally used reliability measures such as multi-sensor system reliability. This reliability model is a technique for analyzing fault tolerant designs under considerable uncertainty, such as the component failure rates. The presented model provides the estimation of the lower and upper boundary of multi-sensor fusion system with a single run of the model.
Bilinguals’ Working Memory (WM) Advantage and Their Dual Language Practices

The present study investigates a possible working memory (WM) difference between monolingual and bilingual groups and explores the relationship between their WM advantage and language practices. A mixed methods design was employed for the study. To measure participants’ WM, auditory and visual digit span tasks were conducted on the different language groups: 20 Korean near-monolinguals, and 40 Korean–English bilinguals with two different levels of second language (L2) proficiency. Bilinguals’ daily language practices were explored through semi-structured interviews with eight bilinguals. The convergence of the findings from both tests and interview data suggests that knowing two languages does not guarantee bilingual WM advantages over monolinguals, but the advantage might be linked to bilinguals’ unique L2 use environment where they need to hold incoming L2 information while decoding it.
An IDE-based, Integrated Solution to Schema Evolution of Object-Oriented Software

With the wide support for serialization in objectoriented programming languages, persistent objects have become common place. Retrieving previously “persisted” objects from classes whose schema changed is however difficult, and may lead to invalidating the consistency of the application. The ESCHER framework addresses this issues through an IDE-based approach that handles schema evolution by managing versions of the code and generating transformation functions automatically. The infrastructure also enforces class invariants to prevent the introduction of any corrupt objects. This article describes the principles behind invariant-safe schema evolution,and the design and implementation of the ESCHER system.
AtBXL1 Encodes a Bifunctional β-d-Xylosidase/α-l-Arabinofuranosidase Required for Pectic Arabinan Modification in Arabidopsis Mucilage Secretory Cells1[C][W][OA]

Following pollination, the epidermal cells of the Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) ovule undergo a complex differentiation process that includes the synthesis and polar secretion of pectinaceous mucilage followed by the production of a secondary cell wall. Wetting of mature seeds leads to the rapid bursting of these mucilage secretory cells to release a hydrophilic gel that surrounds the seed and is believed to aid in seed hydration and germination. A novel mutant is identified where mucilage release is both patchy and slow and whose seeds display delayed germination. While developmental analysis of mutant seeds reveals no change in mucilage secretory cell morphology, changes in monosaccharide quantities are detected, suggesting the mucilage release defect results from altered mucilage composition. Plasmid rescue and cloning of the mutant locus revealed a T-DNA insertion in AtBXL1, which encodes a putative bifunctional β-d-xylosidase/α-l-arabinofuranosidase that has been implicated as a β-d-xylosidase acting during vascular development. Chemical and immunological analyses of mucilage extracted from bxl1 mutant seeds and antibody staining of developing seed coats reveal an increase in (1→5)-linked arabinans, suggesting that BXL1 is acting as an α-l-arabinofuranosidase in the seed coat. This implication is supported by the ability to rescue mucilage release through treatment of bxl1 seeds with exogenous α-l-arabinofuranosidases. Together, these results suggest that trimming of rhamnogalacturonan I arabinan side chains is required for correct mucilage release and reveal a new role for BXL1 as an α-l-arabinofuranosidase acting in seed coat development.
Desire Formation and Human Good

In Wuthering Heights a man and a woman fall in love and their passion for each other wreaks havoc on several lives, theirs included. Long after his beloved is dead, Heathcliff’s life revolves entirely around his love for her. Frustrated by events, his grand romantic passion expresses itself in destructive spasms of antisocial behavior. Catherine, the object of this passion, marries another man on a whim, but describes her feelings for him as like superficial foliage, whereas ‘her love for Heathcliff resembles eternal rocks beneath. ’ ‘I am Heathcliff,’ she declares, shortly before dying at the age of nineteen.
Interdisciplinary Training and Professional Interaction

Mary-Beth Fafard is Executive Assistant in the Division of Special Education, New York City Public Schools, New York, NY . Educational services to handicapped children today are multifaceted in nature. That is to say, service delivery is characterized by input from a variety of professionals representing different disciplines, by expanded curriculum accompanied by technological advances, and by administrative flexibility permitting education to occur in a variety of settings. Thus, professionals working with handicapped students are also multifaceted. Today’s professionals are required to function in a process of collaboration rather than isolation. Responsibilities for determining the nature of a handicapping condition are jointly shared rather than resting in a single person. As a result of these changing professional responsibilities, training programs are being modified. Approaches to inservice training have ranged all the way from prepackaged materials to developing individual educational plans (e.g., Program STEPPE) to comprehensive statewide inservice programs (e.g., Case Conference). In the same vein, preservice training has accommodated these new demands by either modifying content in existing courses, adding new courses, or in some cases totally restructuring a complete training program. It is too early to determine the impact of these attempts on educators working with handicapped students. However, close observation indicates many of the changes and approaches, while well intentioned, are left wanting. Even a cursory glance at the interaction among professionals reveals a lack of interdisciplinary collaboration. Closer examination indicates strong feelings of territoriality, and the inadequacies that one discipline perceives in another contribute to stereotypes. The attitudes professionals hold toward other disciplines are subtle, can restrict communication, and prevent the mutual trust and cooperation needed to for-
Review Article: Plasticity of Spinal Centers in Spinal Cord Injury Patients: New Concepts for Gait Evaluation and Training

Recent data on spinal cord plasticity after spinal cord injury (SCI) were reviewed to analyze the influence of training on the neurophysiological organization of locomotor spinal circuits in SCI patients. In particular, the authors studied the relationship between central pattern generators (CPGs) and motor neuron pool activation during gait. An analysis of the relations between locomotor recovery and compensatory mechanisms focuses on the hierarchical organization of gait parameters and allows characterizing kinematic parameters that are highly stable during different gait conditions and in recovered gait after SCI. The importance of training characteristics and the use of robotic/automated devices in gait recovery is analyzed and discussed. The role of CPG in defining kinematic gait parameters is summarized, and spatio-temporal maps of EMG activity during gait are used to clarify the role of CPG plasticity in sustaining gait recovery.
Parathyroid hormone for the treatment of osteoporosis: a systematic review

Background: Human parathyroid hormone (hPTH)(1–34) was approved in 2004 for the treatment of severe osteoporosis. Members of the Osteoporosis Canada clinical guidelines committee conducted a systematic review of randomized controlled trials (RCTs) to assess the efficacy and safety of hPTH for fracture prevention in postmenopausal women and men with osteoporosis. Methods: We searched MEDLINE, EMBASE, HTA, Current Contents and the Cochrane Controlled Trials Registry for published data from 1966 to February 2005. A systematic literature search for RCTs was conducted using the Cochrane Collaborative approach. We identified 12 trials that randomly assigned patients either to hPTH or placebo or to hPTH or an active comparator and were at least 1 year in duration. Outcomes included change in bone mineral density (BMD), fractures, back pain and adverse events. Two independent reviewers abstracted data on study characteristics and outcomes. Results: hPTH(1–34) significantly increases lumbar spine BMD, with smaller increases at the femoral neck and total hip. hPTH(1–84) significantly increases lumbar spine BMD. The data show a significant reduction in both vertebral and nonvertebral fractures with hPTH(1–34) in postmenopausal women with previous vertebral fractures. There were no data on fractures comparing the approved dose of hPTH(1–34) with active comparators. Interpretation: There is Level I evidence that hPTH(1–34) significantly increases BMD at all skeletal sites except the radius and significantly reduces the risk of new vertebral and nonvertebral fractures in postmenopausal women with prior fractures.
E � cient Representations of Video Sequences and Their Applications

Recently, there has been a growing interest in the use of mosaic images to represent the information contained in video sequences. This paper systematically investigates how to go beyond thinking of the mosaic simply as a visualization device, but rather as a basis for an eecient and complete representation of video sequences. We describe two diierent types of mosaics called the static and the dynamic mosaics that are suitable for diierent needs and scenarios. These two types of mosaics are uniied and generalized in a mosaic representation called the temporal pyramid. To handle sequences containing large variations in image resolution, we develop a multiresolution mosaic. We discuss a series of increasingly complex alignment transformation (ranging from 2D to 3D and layers) for making the mosaics. We describe techniques for the basic elements of the mosaic construction process, namely sequence alignment, sequence integration into a mosaic image, and residual analysis to represent information not captured by the mosaic image. We describe several powerful video applications of mosaic representations including video c ompression, video enhancement, enhanced visualization, and other applications in video indexing, search, a n d manipulation.
Time-Varying and Multiresolution Envelope Analysis and Discriminative Feature Analysis for Bearing Fault Diagnosis

This paper presents a reliable fault diagnosis methodology for various single and multiple combined defects of low-speed rolling element bearings. This method temporally partitions an acoustic emission (AE) signal and selects a portion of the signal, which contains intrinsic information about the bearing failures. This paper then performs frequency analysis for the selected time-domain AE signal by using multilevel finite-impulse response filter banks to obtain the most informative subband signals involving abnormal symptoms of the bearing defects. It does this by using a 2-D visualization tool that represents the percentage of the Gaussian-mixture-model-based residual component-to-defect component ratios via time-varying and multiresolution envelope analysis (TVMREA). Then, fault signatures in the time and frequency domains are extracted in the informative subband signals. Since all the extracted fault features may not be equally useful for diagnosis, the proposed genetic algorithm (GA)-based discriminative feature analysis (GADFA) selects the most discriminative subset of fault signatures. In experiments, single and multiple combined bearing defects under various conditions are used to validate the effectiveness of this fault diagnosis scheme using TVMREA and GADFA. Experimental results indicate that this reliable fault diagnosis methodology accurately identifies bearing failure type across a variety of conditions. In addition, GADFA outperforms other state-of-the-art feature analysis techniques, yielding 7.3%-46.6% performance improvements in average classification accuracy.
Two Faces of Cathepsin D: Physiological Guardian Angel and Pathological Demon

Since its discovery as a lysosomal hydrolase, Cathepsin D (CatD) has been the subject of intensive scrutiny by numerous scientists. Those accumulated efforts have defined its biosynthetic pathway, structure, and companion proteins in the context of its perceived “house keeping” function. However, in the past two decades CatD has emerged as a multifunctional enzyme, involved in myriad biological processes beyond its original “housekeeping” role. CatD is responsible for selective and limited cleavage (quite distinct from non-specific protein degradation) of particular substrates vital to proper cellular function. These proteolytic events are critical in the control of biological processes, including cell cycle progression, differentiation and migration, morphogenesis and tissue remodeling, immunological processes, ovulation, fertilization, neuronal outgrowth, angiogenesis, and apoptosis. Consistent with the biological relevance of CatD, its deficiency, altered regulation or post-translational modification underlie important pathological conditions such as cancer, atherosclerosis, neurological and skin disorders. Specifically, deregulated synthesis, post-translational modifications and hyper-secretion of CatD, along with its mitogenic effects, are established hallmarks of cancer. More importantly, but less studied, is its significance in regulating the sensitivity to anticancer drugs. This review outlines CatD’s post-translational modifications, cellular trafficking, secretion and protein binding partners in normal mammary gland, and restates the “site-specific” function of CatD which is most probably dictated by its post-translational modifications and binding partners. Noteworthy, CatD’s association with one of its binding partners in the context of drug sensitivity is highlighted, with the optimism that it could contribute to the development of more effective chemotherapeutic agent(s) tailored for individual patients.
OBLIQUE SHOCKS AS THE ORIGIN OF RADIO TO GAMMA-RAY VARIABILITY IN ACTIVE GALACTIC NUCLEI

The “shock in jet” model for centimeter-waveband blazar variability is revisited, allowing for arbitrary shock orientation with respect to the jet flow direction, and both random and ordered magnetic field. It is shown that oblique shocks can explain events with swings in polarization position angle much less than the 90° associated with transverse structures, while retaining the general characteristics of outbursts, including spectral behavior and level of peak percentage polarization. Models dominated by a force-free, minimum energy magnetic field configuration (essentially helical) display a shallow rise in percentage polarization and frequency-dependent swing in polarization position angle not in agreement with the results of single-dish monitoring observations, implying that the field is predominantly random in the quiescent state. Outbursts well explained by the “shock in jet” model are present during γ-ray flaring in several sources, supporting the idea that shock events are responsible for activity from the radio to γ-ray bands.
Attention in Visual Search: Distinguishing Four Causes of a Set-Size Effect

Visual search is a common task both in naturalistic settings and in the laboratory. Outside the labora tory, one might look for a car in a parking lot, a name in text, or a nav igation marker on the horizon. In the laboratory, search is simplified in several ways; commonly, the sub ject views a set of distinct objects and is asked to detect the presence of a particular object (the target) among a set of distractors. Two ex amples are shown in Figure 1. The top two panels illustrate the contrast increment task, in which the target is a disk of high luminance and the dis tractors are disks of lower lumi nance; the bottom two panels illus trate the line bisection task, in which the target is a rotated L and the dis tractors are rotated Ts. One of the most studied aspects of visual search is the effect on per formance of the number of objects, here referred to as the display set size. Display set sizes of 2 and 24 are illustrated in Figure 1. In the top panels, the target "pops out"? even for a large display set size. More pre cisely, display set size has little or no effect on search time or accuracy when the target is much brighter than the distractors. In contrast, in the bottom panels, finding the target requires "scrutiny" for the large set size. Display set size has a large ef feet on both search time and accu
Monetary and Macroprudential Policy in an Estimated DSGE Model of the Euro Area

In this paper, we study the optimal mix of monetary and macroprudential policies in an estimated two-country model of the euro area. The model includes real, nominal, and financial frictions, and hence both monetary and macroprudential policy can play a role. We find that the introduction of a macroprudential rule would help reduce macroeconomic volatility, improve welfare, and partially substitute for the lack of national monetary policies. Macroprudential policy would always increase the welfare of savers, but its effects on borrowers depend on the shock that hits the economy. In particular, macroprudential policy may entail welfare costs for borrowers under technology shocks, by increasing the countercyclical behavior of lending spreads.
Development of a private sector version of the (Engaging) Transformational Leadership Questionnaire

Purpose – Notions of leadership change over time. The last two decades have been dominated by US models of “heroic” leadership, based largely on predominately male‐biased samples, which have been focused on studies of “distant” leaders, but these are being challenged by the findings from more recent studies which question the potential dangers of adulating the few “gifted” “charismatic” individuals, not least of which because of the disasters they may cause. In addition, there is a growing interest by organisations of identifying how they can increase “engagement” amongst their employees, since this process appears to contribute significantly to organisational success. This study seeks to replicate an earlier study of “nearby” leadership in UK public sector organisations.Design/methodology/approach – The study gathers qualitative data from a sample of female and male managers at various levels in three UK FTSE100 companies, developing a pilot questionnaire, and then gathering quantitative data from 743 ma.
Addressing Underrepresentation of Gifted Minority Children Using the Naglieri Nonverbal Ability Test (NNAT)

A persistent problem in education is the underrepresentation of diverse students in gifted education programs. Many educators attribute the poor participation of diverse students in gifted programs to the ineffectiveness of standardized tests in capturing the ability of these students. Thus, a primary agenda of school selection committees is to find more culturally sensitive measures. This study examined the effectiveness of the Naglieri Nonverbal Ability Test (NNAT) in identifying gifted Black and Hispanic students in comparison to White students. The sample was comprised of 20,270 students in grades K-12 who were similar to the U.S. population on several demographic variables. The distributions of NNAT standard scores were studied separately for White, Black, and Hispanic groups. Results indicate that similar percentages of White (5.6%), Black (5.1%0/), and Hispanic (4.4%) children earned an NNAT standard score of 125 (95th percentile rank). These findings suggest that the NNAT may be useful as part of a procedure to identify diverse students for gifted education services.
Registration with linear regression model in augmented reality

Precise registration is very important in augmented reality. The magnetic tracking is a normal instrument to measure position and orientation. This paper presents a novel registration method with linear regression model in augmented reality. Based on the data, which are measured by the magnetic tracking, a linear regression model is set up. Through the linear regression model, the world coordinate and the magnetic tracking coordinate are one-to-one. The theory analysis and simulation prove the feasibility of this brand new method. The system is more precise and robust with linear regression model.
Adaptive Control of Apache Web Server

Traffic to a Web site can vary dramatically. At the same time it is highly desirable that a Web site is reactive. To provide crisp interaction on thin clients, 150 milliseconds has been suggested as an upper bound on response time. Unfortunately, the popular Apache Web server is limited in its capabilities to be reactive under varying traffic. To address this problem, we design in this paper an adaptive controller for the Apache Web server. A modified recursive least squares algorithm is used to identify system dynamics and a minimum degree pole placement controller is implemented to adjust the maximum number of concurrent connections. Experimentally, we show that the controller effectively regulates the reply time of HTTP connection requests, and hence provides reactive response, by limiting the maximum number of connections accepted by an Apache Web server.
Why Some Awards Are More Effective Signals of Quality Than Others: A Study of Movie Awards†

In this article, the authors develop and empirically test a conceptual framework that predicts which types of awards have the biggest impact on the competitive performance of the award winners. The empirical setting is an industry where awards proliferate, namely, the U.S. motion picture industry. Overall, their results suggest that awards granted by a jury composed primarily of end consumers, peers, or experts each have a different effect on consumer behavior, which can be explained in terms of differences in source credibility and award salience.