Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Differentially Regulated Genes as Putative Targets of Amplifications at 20q in Ovarian Cancers

Frequent amplification of DNA at 20q or part of 20q has been demonstrated by comparative genomic hybridization in ovarian cancer (OC), but the genetic target(s) of these amplification events remain unknown. We examined copy‐number changes with respect to six candidate genes, E2F1 (20q11.2), TGIF2 (20q11.2), AIB1 (20q12), PTPN1 (20q13.1), ZNF217 (20q13.2), and BTAK (20q13), and then measured transcription levels of each candidate in 18 OC cell lines. Three distinct cores of amplification were identified: 20q11.2, harboring E2F1 and TGIF2 (region I; 1 of 18 cell lines, 5.6%); 20q13.1, harboring PTPN1 (region II; 5 lines, 27.8%); and 20q13.2, harboring ZNF217 and BTAK (region III; 6 lines, 33.3%). Among the six genes examined, expression levels of PTPN1 and ZNF217 were significantly correlated with absolute copy‐number, and those of PTPN1 and TGIF2 were significantly correlated with copy‐number relative to the centromere of chromosome 20 (20cen). Among 19 primary OCs examined, moreover, we observed amplification of TGIF2, PTPN1 and ZNF217 in five (26.3%), ten (52.6%), and twelve (63.2%) tumors, respectively. Expression levels of PTPN1 and ZNF217 were significantly correlated with their copy‐numbers in those primary OCs. Our results suggest that 20q amplifications in OCs can be extensive and complex, probably due to synergistic or non‐synergistic amplification of separate regions of 20q, involving multiple, independently amplified targets.
The relationship between foraging behaviour and energy expenditure in Antarctic fur seals

By using time-depth recorders to measure diving activity and the doubly-labelled water method to determine energy expenditure, the relationship between foraging behaviour and energy expenditure was investigated in nine Antarctic fur seal females rearing pups. At-sea metabolic rate (MR) (mean of 6.34 ± 0.4 W· kg": 4.6 times predicted BMR) was positively correlated to foraging trip duration (mean of 4.21 ± 0.54 days; r 2 = 0.5, P < 0.04). There were no relation­ ships between MR and the total number of dives, the total time spent diving or the total vertical distance travelled during the foraging trip. There was, however, a close negative sigmoidal relationship (r = 0.93) between at-sea MR and the proportion of time at sea spent diving. This measure of diving behaviour may provide a useful, inexpensive means of estimating foraging energy expenditure in this species and possibly in other otariids. The rate of diving (mh-1) was also negatively related to at-sea MR (r = 0.69, P < 0.005). Body mass gain during a foraging trip had a positive relationship to the time spent at sea (r = 0.58, P < 0.02) and the total amount of energy expended while at sea (r = 0.72, P < 0.004) such that, while females undertaking long trips have higher metabolic rates, the energetic efficiency with which females gain mass is independent of the time spent at sea. Therefore, within the range of conditions observed, there is no apparent energetic advantage for females in undertaking foraging trips of any particular duration.
Reduced expression of chemerin is associated with poor clinical outcome in acute myeloid leukemia

Chemerin is dysregulation in numerous solid cancers. However, only little is known about the role of chemerin in acute myeloid leukemia (AML). In this study, we aimed to investigate the expression and clinical significance of recently described chemerin in acute myeloid leukemia (AML). The expression of chemerin in 149 patients with de novo AML and 35 normal controls was quantified by Real-time quantitative PCR (RQ-PCR). Chemerin was down-expressed in AML compared with controls (P=0.042). A receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve revealed that chemerin expression could differentiate patients with AML from control subjects (AUC=0.611, 95% CI: 0.490-0.732; P=0.042) respectively. The cohort of AML patients was divided into two groups according to the cut-off value of 0.0826 (79% sensitivity and 54% specificity, respectively). In addition, the AML patients with low chemerin expression had significantly shorter overall survival (OS) than those with high chemerin expression (P=0.049). Moreover, multivariate survival analysis confirmed that chemerin was an independent prognostic factor for AML patients. In conclusion, downregulation of chemerin might be a useful diagnostic and prognostic factor for AML patients.
Wind turbine underwater noise and marine mammals: implications of current knowledge and data needs

The demand for renewable energy has led to construction of offshore wind farms with high-power turbines, and many more wind farms are being planned for the shallow waters of the world's marine habitats. The growth of offshore wind farms has raised concerns about their impact on the marine environment. Marine mammals use sound for foraging, orientation and communication and are therefore possibly susceptible to negative effects of man-made noise generated from con- structing and operating large offshore wind turbines. This paper reviews the existing literature and assesses zones of impact from different noise-generating activities in conjunction with wind farms on 4 representative shallow-water species of marine mammals. Construction involves many types of activities that can generate high sound pressure levels, and pile-driving seems to be the noisiest of all. Both the literature and modeling show that pile-driving and other activities that generate intense impulses during construction are likely to disrupt the behavior of marine mammals at ranges of many kilometers, and that these activities have the potential to induce hearing impairment at close range. The reported noise levels from operating wind turbines are low, and are unlikely to impair hearing in marine mammals. The impact zones for marine mammals from operating wind turbines depend on the low-frequency hearing-abilities of the species in question, on sound-propagation conditions, and on the presence of other noise sources such as shipping. The noise impact on marine mammals is more severe during the construction of wind farms than during their operation.
Existence of H-bubbles in a perturbative setting

Given a C 1 function H:R 3 ! R, we look for H-bubbles, i.e, surfaces in R 3 parametrized by the sphere S 2 with mean curvature H at every regular point. Here we study the case H(u) = H0(u) + H 1(u) where H0 is some “good” curvature (for which there exist H0-bubbles with minimal energy, uniformly bounded in L 1 ), is the smallness parameter, and H1 is any C 1 function.
A 750-W AlGaN/GaN HEMT Operating at 80 V for  $L$ -Band Applications

High operating voltage and high power are important developing goals of GaN-based high-electron mobility transistor (HEMT) at present. In this letter, we demonstrated a GaN-based HEMT exhibiting a breakdown voltage of greater than 300 V, an operating voltage of up to 80 V, an output power of up to 750 W, a power-added efficiency (PAE) of 80% and an associated power gain of 16.8 dB at 1.3 GHz. The device simultaneously realizes high voltage, high power, and high PAE, and is suitable for <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">${L}$ </tex-math></inline-formula>-band high-power applications.
Complete Initial Solutions for Iterative Pose Estimation From Planar Objects

Camera pose estimation from the image of a planar object has important applications in photogrammetry and computer vision. In this paper, an efficient approach to find the initial solutions for iterative camera pose estimation using coplanar points is proposed. Starting with homography, the proposed approach provides a least-squares solution for absolute orientation, which has a relatively high accuracy and can be easily refined into one optimal pose that locates local minima of the according error function by using Gauss-Newton scheme or Lu’s orthogonal iteration algorithm. In response to ambiguities that exist in pose estimation from planar objects, we propose a novel method to find initial approximation of the second pose, which is different from existing methods in its concise form and clear geometric interpretation. Thorough testing on synthetic data shows that combined with currently employed iterative optimization algorithm, the two initial solutions proposed in this paper can achieve the same accuracy and robustness as the best state-of-the-art pose estimation algorithms, while with a significant decrease in computational cost. Real experiment is also employed to demonstrate its performance.
The Effects of Bilateral Electric and Bimodal Electric—Acoustic Stimulation on Language Development

There is no doubt that cochlear implants have improved the spoken language abilities of children with hearing loss, but delays persist. Consequently, it is imperative that new treatment options be explored. This study evaluated one aspect of treatment that might be modified, that having to do with bilateral implants and bimodal stimulation. A total of 58 children with at least one implant were tested at 42 months of age on four language measures spanning a continuum from basic to generative in nature. When children were grouped by the kind of stimulation they had at 42 months (one implant, bilateral implants, or bimodal stimulation), no differences across groups were observed. This was true even when groups were constrained to only children who had at least 12 months to acclimatize to their stimulation configuration. However, when children were grouped according to whether or not they had spent any time with bimodal stimulation (either consistently since their first implant or as an interlude to receiving a second) advantages were found for children who had some bimodal experience, but those advantages were restricted to language abilities that are generative in nature. Thus, previously reported benefits of simultaneous bilateral implantation early in a child's life may not extend to generative language. In fact, children may benefit from a period of bimodal stimulation early in childhood because low-frequency speech signals provide prosody and serve as an aid in learning how to perceptually organize the signal that is received through a cochlear implant.
Surgical Outcomes of Idiopathic Epiretinal Membrane: the Gülhane Experience

Objectives: We aimed to report our experiences and outcomes of vitreoretinal surgery in idiopathic epiretinal membrane. Materials and Methods: We retrospectively reviewed patients who underwent vitreoretinal surgery for idiopathic epiretinal membrane between January 2012 and 2014. The patients’ pre- and postoperative visual acuity, slit-lamp examination findings, and optical coherence tomography (OCT) images were evaluated. Results: Forty-five eyes of 45 patients (36% male, 64% female) were included (mean age, 69±8.2 years). Mean postoperative follow-up time was 7±4 (1-12) months. The mean preoperative logMAR best corrected visual acuity was 0.58±0.32 and postoperatively 0.40±0.31, 0.33±0.33, 0.28±0.34 respectively at 3, 6, and 12 months. All OCT parameters showed statistically significant anatomical improvement at 1, 3, 6, and 12 months. Correlation analysis showed that central macular thickness (r=0.69, p<0.05) and central macular volume (r=0.69, p<0.05) were the only parameters that had strong positive correlations with visual improvement. Conclusion: Epiretinal membrane causes heterogeneous anatomical changes in the macula for every patient. Therefore, a correlation between visual gain and changes in central macular thickness could not yet be demonstrated. We believe that central macular volume may be a better parameter for following these patients.
A Digital Phase-Locked Loop With Background Supply Voltage Sensitivity Minimization

A digital phase-locked loop (DPLL) with the background supply voltage sensitivity minimization is presented. By using a frequency subtractor, a digital supply voltage sensitivity controller can suppress the supply voltage sensitivity of a DPLL. This DPLL is fabricated in 40-nm CMOS technology. Its active area is 0.006 mm<sup>2</sup> where the supply voltage sensitivity controller occupies about 20%. The power consumption is 9.34 mW from a supply of 1.1 V wherein the supply voltage sensitivity controller consumes <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$840~\mu \text{W}$ </tex-math></inline-formula>. The output frequency of the DPLL is 5 GHz with a divider ratio of 64. The minimum measured supply voltage sensitivity is −0.0044 <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$[\%-{f} _{\mathrm {VCO}}/\%-{V}_{\mathrm {DD}}$ </tex-math></inline-formula>]. With a 50-mV<sub>PP</sub>, 100-kHz sinusoidal supply noise, the peak-to-peak jitter is reduced from 41.48 to 23.15 ps, and the rms jitter is reduced from 7.26 to 3.47 ps.
Parathyroid Scintigraphy in Renal Hyperparathyroidism: The Added Diagnostic Value of SPECT and SPECT/CT

Abstract Secondary hyperparathyroidism (sHPT) is a major complication for patients with end-stage renal disease on long-term hemodialysis or peritoneal dialysis. When the disease is resistant to medical treatment, patients with severe sHPT are typically referred for parathyroidectomy (PTx), which usually improves biological parameters as well as clinical signs and symptoms. Unfortunately, early surgical failure with persistent disease may occur in 5%–10% of patients and recurrence reaches 20%–30% at 5 years. Presently, the use of parathyroid scintigraphy in sHPT is usually limited to the management of surgical failures after initial PTx. This review describes the strengths and limitations of typical 99mTc-sestamibi imaging protocols, and highlights the potential benefits of using parathyroid scintigraphy in the initial workup of surgical patients.
Cause or consequence? Exploring the role of phenotypic plasticity and genetic polymorphism in the emergence of phenotypic spatial patterns of the European eel

The European eel (Anguilla anguilla), and generally, temperate eels, are relevant species for studying adaptive mechanisms to environmental variability because of their large distribution areas and their limited capacity of local adaptation. In this context, GenEveel, an individual-based optimization model, was developed to explore the role of adaptive phenotypic plasticity and genetic-dependent habitat selection, in the emergence of observed spatial life-history traits patterns for eels. Results suggest that an interaction of genetically and environmentally controlled growth may be the basis for genotype-dependent habitat selection, whereas plasticity plays a role in changes in life-history traits and demographic attributes. Therefore, this suggests that those mechanisms are responses to address environmental heterogeneity. Moreover, this brings new elements to explain the different life strategies of males and females. A sensitivity analysis showed that the parameters associated with the optimization of fitness and growth genotype were crucial in reproducing the spatial life-history patterns. Finally, it raises the question of the impact of anthropogenic pressures that can cause direct mortalities but also modify demographic traits, and act as a selection pressure.
The βγ Subunit of Heterotrimeric G Proteins Interacts with RACK1 and Two Other WD Repeat Proteins*

A yeast two-hybrid approach was used to discern possible new effectors for the βγ subunit of heterotrimeric G proteins. Three of the clones isolated are structurally similar to Gβ, each exhibiting the WD40 repeat motif. Two of these proteins, thereceptor for activated C kinase 1 (RACK1) and the dynein intermediate chain, co-immunoprecipitate with Gβγ using an anti-Gβ antibody. The third protein, AAH20044, has no known function; however, sequence analysis indicates that it is a WD40 repeat protein. Further investigation with RACK1 shows that it not only interacts with Gβ1γ1 but also unexpectedly with the transducin heterotrimer Gαtβ1γ1. Gαtalone does not interact, but it must contribute to the interaction because the apparent EC50 value of RACK1 for Gαtβ1γ1 is 3-fold greater than that for Gβ1γ1 (0.1 versus0.3 μm). RACK1 is a scaffold that interacts with several proteins, among which are activated βIIPKC and dynamin-1 (1). βIIPKC and dynamin-1 compete with Gβ1γ1and Gαtβ1γ1 for interaction with RACK1. These findings have several implications: 1) that WD40 repeat proteins may interact with each other; 2) that Gβγ interacts differently with RACK1 than with its other known effectors; and/or 3) that the G protein-RACK1 complex may constitute a signaling scaffold important for intracellular responses.
Automated Segmentation of Whole Cardiac CT Images based on Deep Learning

Segmentation of the whole-cardiac CT image sequence is the key to computer-aided diagnosis and study of lesions in the heart. Due to the dilation, contraction and the flow of the blood, the cardiac CT images are prone to weak boundaries and artifacts. Traditional manual segmentation methods are time-consuming and labor-intensive to produce over-segmentation. Therefore, an automatic cardiac CT image sequence segmentation technique is proposed. This technique was employed using deep learning algorithm to understand the segmentation function from the ground truth data. Using the convolution neural network (CNN) on the central location of the heart, filtering ribs, muscles and other contrasting contrast are not an obvious part of the removal of the heart area. Staked denoising auto-encoders are used to automatically deduce the contours of the heart. Therefore, nine cardiac CT image sequence datasets are used to validate the method. The results showed that the algorithm proposed in this paper has best segmentation impact to such cardiac CT images which have a complex background, the distinctness between the background and the target area which is not obvious; and the internal structure diversification. It can filter out most of the non-heart tissue part, which is more conducive to the doctor observing patient’s heart health.
Hydroxyurea Induces Site‐specific DNA Damage via Formation of Hydrogen Peroxide and Nitric Oxide

Hydroxyurea is a chemotherapeutic agent used for the treatment of myeloproliferative disorders (MPD) and solid tumors. The mutagenic and carcinogenic potential of hydroxyurea has not been established, although hydroxyurea has been associated with an increased risk of leukemia in MPD patients. To clarify whether hydroxyurea has potential carcinogenicity, we examined site‐specific DNA damage induced by hydroxyurea using 32P‐5′‐end‐labeled DNA fragments obtained from the human p53 and p16 tumor suppressor genes and the c‐Ha‐ras‐1 protooncogene. Hydroxyurea caused Cu(II)‐mediated DNA damage especially at thymine and cytosine residues. NADH efficiently enhanced hydroxyurea‐induced DNA damage. The DNA damage was almost entirely inhibited by catalase and bathocuproine, a Cu(I)‐specific chelator, suggesting the involvement of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) and Cu(I). Typical free hydroxyl radical scavengers did not inhibit DNA damage by hydroxyurea, but methional did. These results suggest that crypto‐hydroxyl radicals such as Cu(I)‐hydroperoxo complex (Cu(I)‐OOH) cause DNA damage. Formation of 8‐hydroxy‐2′‐deoxyguanosine (8‐OHdG) was induced by hydroxyurea in the presence of Cu(H). An electron spin resonance spectroscopic study using N‐(dithiocarboxy)sarcosine as a nitric oxide (NO)‐trapping reagent demonstrated that NO was generated from hydroxyurea in the presence and absence of catalase. In addition, the generation of formamide was detected by both gas chromatography‐mass spectrometry (GC‐MS) and time‐of‐flight‐mass spectrometry (TOF‐MS). A high concentration of hydroxyurea induced depurination at DNA bases in an H2O2‐independent manner, and endonu‐clease IV treatment led to chain cleavages. These results suggest that hydroxyurea could induce base oxidation as the major pathway of DNA modification and depurination as a minor pathway. Therefore, it is considered that DNA damage by hydroxyurea participates in not only anti‐cancer activity, but also carcinogenesis.
3D object recognition by neural trees

In this paper, a two stage method for 3D object recognition from range images is presented. The first stage extracts local surface features from the input range images. These features are used in the second stage to group image pixels into different surface patches according to the six surface classes proposed by the differential geometry. A neural tree architecture whose nodes are perceptrons without hidden layers and with sigmoidal activation functions is used. A new strategy is proposed to split the training set when it is not linearly separable in order to assure the convergence of the tree learning process. This method has been successfully applied to a large number of synthetic and real images, some of which are presented in the result section.
Gender Equality Analysis In The Census Report 2011 For Tamil Nadu State By Using Outlier Detection

Spatial outliers are those observations which are inconsistent with their surrounding neighbors. Identification of spatial outliers can lead to the discovery of unexpected, interesting, and useful spatial patterns for further analysis. One draw-back of existing methods is that normal objects tend to be falsely detected as spatial outliers when their neighborhood contains true spatial outliers. Chen D et al propose a suite of spatial outlier detection algorithms to overcome this disadvantage[8]. In this paper, the census report 2011 for Tamil Nadu state is taken to analyze gender equality (i.e.) number of females per 1000 males using spatial outlier detection.
Feedback Control for Binary Response

Defect rate control is crucial in industries. When binary response is considered, the defect rate is the average of these binary responses. In this study, with logistic regression model and sparsity assumption, the feedback control problem is expressed as an optimization problem which solves a hinge loss with an L1 penalty. Here the hinge loss function is substituted for the Huberized hinge loss to avoid discontinuity caused by the L1 penalty, and the majorization-minimization principle is applied to enhance computing efficiency. Then the coordinate descent algorithm is implemented for sparse estimation. Several examples and a real data example are used to illustrate the performance of the proposed feedback control procedure.
Insight em Macacos-Prego (Sapajus spp.) com Diferentes Contextos de Treino das Habilidades Pré-Requisitos

Insight, in Experimental Psychology, traditionally refers a sudden and spontaneous solution of a specific problem. The present study aims to verify the occurrence of sudden problem resolution in capuchin monkeys (Sapajus spp.) based on explicit training of two pre-requisite repertoires. Additionally, we examined if the manipulation of the context of training alters the topography of the problem solution response. Two subjects were trained to: a) join objects, and b) to rake objects with a tool. The training of the two repertoires was independent and was carried out in different contexts. The final task consists in raking a piece of food with a joinable tool that was never seen before. The two subjects solved the task, but the topography of solution was not clearly compatible with insight interpretation. The solutions had pauses between steps, and the behavior was not goal directed. The negative effects of different contexts for the training of the pre-requisite repertoires are discussed.