Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Sedimentation equilibria of ferrofluids: I. Analytical centrifugation in ultrathin glass capillaries

Analytical centrifugation is used for the first time to measure sedimentation equilibrium concentration profiles of a ferrofluid, a concentrated colloidal dispersion of strongly absorbing magnetic nanoparticles. To keep the optical absorbance from becoming too strong, the optical path length is restricted to 50 μm by placing the dispersion in a flat glass capillary. The concentration profile is kept from becoming too steep, despite the relatively high buoyant mass of the nanoparticles, by making novel use of a low-velocity analytical centrifuge that was not designed to measure equilibrium profiles. The experimental approach is validated by comparison with profiles obtained using an analytical ultracentrifuge. At concentrations of a few hundred grams per liter, the osmotic pressures calculated from the equilibrium profiles are lower than expected for hard spheres or non-interacting particles, due to magnetic dipolar interactions. By following the presented experimental approach, it will now also be possible to characterize the interparticle interactions of other strongly absorbing colloidal particles not studied before by analytical centrifugation.
Comparing the Relationships between Different Types of Self-Efficacy and Physical Activity in Youth

A preliminary study was conducted to compare the relationships between different types of self-efficacy and youth physical activity. Two samples of sixth and seventh-grade students (Sample 1: N= 57; Sample 2: N= 49) reported their confidence to be physically active (physical activity efficacy), to overcome barriers to physical activity (barriers efficacy), to ask others to be activewith them (asking efficacy), and to find and create environments that support physical activity (environmental-change efficacy). Physical activity was measured by averaging three 24-hour recalls of physical activity. Regression analyses were used to test the relationships between the types of self-efficacy and youth physical activity. Compared with the other types of self-efficacy, environmental-change efficacy had the strongest relationship with youth physical activity. This suggests that strengthening young persons’belief in their ability to find and create environments that support physical activity might promote increases in their physical activity.
SQA by Defect prediction: An SVM based In-Appendage Software Development Log Analysis

The present paper proposes a Machine learning technique for defect forecasting and handling for SQA called appendage log training and analysis, can be referred as ALTA. The proposed defect forecasting of in-appendage software development logs works is to deal the forecasted defects accurately and spontaneously while developing the software. The present proposed mechanism helps in minimizing the difficulty of SQA. The overall study is conducted on evaluating the proposed model which indicates the defect forecasting in-appendage software development log training and analysis is significant growth to lessen the complexity of Software Quality Assessment.
Crystal structures of 4-chloropyridine-2-carbonitrile and 6-chloropyridine-2-carbonitrile exhibit different intermolecular π-stacking, C—H⋯Nnitrile and C—H⋯Npyridine interactions

The crystal structures of two chlorocyanopyridines, namely 4-chloropyridine-2-carbonitrile and 6-chloropyridine-2-carbonitrile, exhibit unique intermolecular C—H⋯Nnitrile, C—H⋯Npyridine and offset face-to-face π-stacking interactions.
Survey on agile metrics and their inter-relationship with other traditional development metrics

In our civilized world today, measurement is very important in every aspect of our lives as a means of quantifying our success or progress in whatever activity we involve ourselves in. Consequently, this paper outlines the various metrics that are utilized in the Agile development process and compares them with the ones used in time past to measure success and progress.
Nuclear Import of Cdk/Cyclin Complexes: Identification of Distinct Mechanisms for Import of Cdk2/Cyclin E and Cdc2/Cyclin B1

Reversible phosphorylation of nuclear proteins is required for both DNA replication and entry into mitosis. Consequently, most cyclin-dependent kinase (Cdk)/cyclin complexes are localized to the nucleus when active. Although our understanding of nuclear transport processes has been greatly enhanced by the recent identification of nuclear targeting sequences and soluble nuclear import factors with which they interact, the mechanisms used to target Cdk/cyclin complexes to the nucleus remain obscure; this is in part because these proteins lack obvious nuclear localization sequences. To elucidate the molecular mechanisms responsible for Cdk/cyclin transport, we examined nuclear import of fluorescent Cdk2/cyclin E and Cdc2/cyclin B1 complexes in digitonin-permeabilized mammalian cells and also examined potential physical interactions between these Cdks, cyclins, and soluble import factors. We found that the nuclear import machinery recognizes these Cdk/cyclin complexes through direct interactions with the cyclin component. Surprisingly, cyclins E and B1 are imported into nuclei via distinct mechanisms. Cyclin E behaves like a classical basic nuclear localization sequence–containing protein, binding to the α adaptor subunit of the importin-α/β heterodimer. In contrast, cyclin B1 is imported via a direct interaction with a site in the NH2 terminus of importin-β that is distinct from that used to bind importin-α.
A study on the influence of recommendation models on customer satisfaction in B2C e-commerce

the purpose of this paper is to explore the relationship between recommender systems with customer satisfaction in B2C e-commerce. And this research fills a research gap by focusing on application of recommendation systems from the view of customer satisfaction, which has received almost no attention. The studies proposed a model that inter-relates different patterns of recommendation system and customer satisfaction. Analysis of survey data from 910 customers reveals those hypotheses are supported. We focus on recommendation applications which have different effects on customer satisfaction. The results provide strong support for the research model and suggest that recommendation system can improve customer satisfaction by enhancing customers' perceived information quality and usability, and deep personalization can directly improve customer satisfaction.
HSF1 and HSF3 cooperatively regulate the heat shock response in lizards

Cells cope with temperature elevations, which cause protein misfolding, by expressing heat shock proteins (HSPs). This adaptive response is called the heat shock response (HSR), and it is regulated mainly by heat shock transcription factor (HSF). Among the four HSF family members in vertebrates, HSF1 is a master regulator of HSP expression during proteotoxic stress including heat shock in mammals, whereas HSF3 is required for the HSR in birds. To examine whether only one of the HSF family members possesses the potential to induce the HSR in vertebrate animals, we isolated cDNA clones encoding lizard and frog HSF genes. The reconstructed phylogenetic tree of vertebrate HSFs demonstrated that HSF3 in one species is unrelated with that in other species. We found that the DNA-binding activity of both HSF1 and HSF3 in lizard and frog cells was induced in response to heat shock. Unexpectedly, overexpression of lizard and frog HSF3 as well as HSF1 induced HSP70 expression in mouse cells during heat shock, indicating that the two factors have the potential to induce the HSR. Furthermore, knockdown of either HSF3 or HSF1 markedly reduced HSP70 induction in lizard cells and resistance to heat shock. These results demonstrated that HSF1 and HSF3 cooperatively regulate the HSR at least in lizards, and suggest complex mechanisms of the HSR in lizards as well as frogs.
Avoiding Latent Design Conditions Using UI Discovery Tools

Motivation– Designers make decisions that later influence how users work with the systems that they have designed. When errors occur in use, it is tempting to focus on the active errors rather than on the latent design decisions that framed the context of error, and fixing latent conditions can have a more general (and future) impact than addressing particular active failures. Research approach– A constructive computer science approach is used, and results from a simulation reported. Research limitations– Error is a complex multidisciplinary field; this article makes a new contribution complimentary to human factors engineering. Take away message– This article shows that latent design decisions cause serious problems (including fatalities) in safety critical applications; the article proposes UI discovery tools to identify and manage latent errors. UI discovery enables human factors engineers and programmers to work together to help eliminate broad classes of latent design errors.
The structure of the helically perturbed flagellar filament of Pseudomonas rhodos: implications for the absence of the outer domain in other complex flagellins and for the flexibility of the radial spokes

Bacterial flagella, the organelles of motility, are commonly divided into two classes: ‘plain’ and ‘complex’. The complex filaments are pairwise, helically perturbed forms of the plain filaments and have been reported to occur only in Rhizobium and Pseudomonas. Previously, we reconstructed and analysed the structure of the complex filaments of Rhizobium lupini H13‐3 and determined their unique symmetry and origin of the perturbations (Trachtenberg et al., 1986, J Mol Biol 190: 569–576; 1987, 195: 603–620; 1998, 276: 759–773; Cohen‐Krausz and Trachtenberg, 1998, J Struct Biol 122: 267–282). Here, we analyse the structure of the flagellar filament of the other known complex filament, that of Pseudomonas rhodos, as reconstructed from electron microscope images. Compared with the filament of R. lupini, the filament of P. rhodos is more flexible, as implied from high‐intensity darkfield light microscopy and, although constructed from flagellins of higher molecular weights (59 versus 41 kDa), has similar symmetry. Using cryonegative stained specimens and low‐dose, field emission electron microscopy, we reconstructed and averaged 158 filaments each containing 170 statistically significant layer lines. The three‐dimensional density maps of P. rhodos clearly suggest, when compared with those of R. lupini and the right‐handed Salmonella typhimurium SJW1655, that R. lupini is missing the outer flagellin domain (D3), that the interior of the complex filament is rather similar to that of the plain filament and that the radial spokes (connecting domains D0 and D1), present in individual density maps, average out because of their variability and implied flexibility. Extending the three‐start grooves and ridges on the propeller's surface, in the form of an Archimedean screw, may further improve the motility of the cell in viscous environments.
Canonicalized central absolute moment for edge-based color constancy

In the recent paper by Weijer et al. [9], the authors proposed the Grey-Edge hypothesis, which assumes that the average edge difference in the scene is achromatic. The Minkowski norm of color derivatives is used to approximate the light source color. In this paper, we point out that the Minkowski norm of these derivatives can actually be interpreted by the raw moment of the distribution of these derivatives. Furthermore, we discovered that the central moment of the distribution can also be utilized to estimate the light source color, and comparable results may be obtained.
Clinical diagnosis of smear-negative pulmonary tuberculosis: an audit of diagnostic practice in hospitals in Malawi.

SETTING Thirty-seven hospitals in Malawi. OBJECTIVE To audit the hospital practice of clinically diagnosing adults with smear-negative pulmonary tuberculosis (PTB). DESIGN A cross-sectional survey of adults aged 15 years or above who were registered and receiving inpatient treatment for smear-negative PTB. An assessment of each patient was carried out to determine 1) the number of recommended diagnostic guidelines (cough >3 weeks, no response to antibiotics, negative sputum smears and a chest radiograph compatible with PTB) used by hospital staff in making the diagnosis of PTB, and 2) whether the clinical diagnosis of smear-negative PTB was correct according to criteria set by the study. RESULTS There were 259 patients, 127 men and 132 women, with a mean age of 37 years; 93% had a cough >3 weeks, 95% had received one or more courses of antibiotics, 92% had submitted sputum samples for smear examination and 97% had chest radiographs performed. In 148 (57%) patients, all four diagnostic guidelines were used, and in 238 (92%) patients three or more were used. The diagnosis of smear-negative PTB was considered correct by study criteria in 203 (78%) patients. In the remainder, 22 (8%) were considered to have extrapulmonary TB and 34 (14%) another diagnosis. CONCLUSION Hospital practices in the diagnosis of smear-negative PTB are reasonable, although there is room for improvement with in-service training and regular audits of practice.
The Social Capital of Cohousing Communities

This article aims to discuss the possibility that cohousing communities might combine both civil engagement and governance systems in order to simultaneously generate three forms of social capital: bonding, bridging, and linking social capitals. Cohousing communities intend to create a ‘self-sufficient micro-cosmos’, but struggle against the relationships of ‘anonymous’ neighbourhood. Cohousers build their bonding social capital through the creation of a supportive (formal and informal) network within the community; while at the same time they develop bridging social capital when they try to integrate with the wider context, by organizing activities and making available spaces towards the outside. Finally, when cohousers try to collaborate with external partners (e.g. non-profit organizations and public institutions) they build linking social capital in relation to the ideas, information and advantages obtained through the collaboration with these institutions.
Hippocampal CA1 interneurons: an in vivo intracellular labeling study

Fast spiking interneurons in the CA1 area of the dorsal hippocampus were recorded from and filled with biocytin in anesthetized rats. The full extent of their dendrites and axonal arborizations as well as their calcium binding protein content were examined. Based on the spatial extent of axon collaterals, local circuit cells (basket and O- LM neurons) and long-range cells (bistratified, trilaminar, and backprojection neurons) could be distinguished. Basket cells were immunoreactive for parvalbumin and their axon collaterals were confined to the pyramidal layer. A single basket cell contacted more than 1500 pyramidal neurons and 60 other parvalbumin-positive interneurons. Commissural stimulation directly discharged basket cells, followed by an early and late IPSPs, indicating interneuronal inhibition of basket cells. The dendrites of another local circuit neuron (O-LM) were confined to stratum oriens and it had a small but high-density axonal terminal field in stratum lacunosum-moleculare. The fastest firing cell of all interneurons was a calbindin-immunoreactive bistratified neuron with axonal targets in stratum oriens and radiatum. Two neurons with their cell bodies in the alveus innervated the CA3 region (backprojection cells), in addition to rich axon collaterals in the CA1 region. The trilaminar interneuron had axon collaterals in strata radiatum, oriens and pyramidale with its dendrites confined to stratum oriens. Commissural stimulation evoked an early EPSP-IPSP-late depolarizing potential sequence in this cell. All interneurons formed symmetric synapses with their targets at the electron microscopic level. These findings indicate that interneurons with distinct axonal targets have differential functions in shaping the physiological patterns of the CA1 network.
The emergence of Los Angeles : population and housing in the city of dreams, 1940-1970

expenditure, we have not moved forward very far from description of phenomena. This book moves us from population head counts to income counts, but it still neglects both detail relating to demographics, socio-economic composition, employment character, and any analysis of the administrative and political interactions. It is easy to be over optimistic of the benefits of widespread international collaboration, and perhaps the editors suffer considerably from the seeming demise of the previous project on European urban growth and decline for which one can only express sympathy. It is also easy to underestimate what has been achieved by generalizing concepts and definitions to Europe from the USA. But it seems inescapable that, as yet, this whole field of research requires much a deeper analysis of the forces of supply and demand, of the causes of rigidities, and of the role of administration, governmental and regulatory agencies. The (implicit) context of analyses so far employed is largely voluntarist: the driving force in the USA-for Berry, the continuing search for the American frontier-in Europe is translated into 'residential preference'. The new synthesis which has been introduced is a useful step forward, but the institutional, political and fiscal forces underlying the structure and constraints on preference have yet to yield to this research approach.
Manufacturing of microcirculation phantoms using rapid prototyping technologies

In this paper, we describe a method for the manufacturing of a microcirculation phantom that may be used to investigate hemodynamics using optics based methods. We made an Acrylonitrile Butadiene Styrene (ABS) negative mold, manufactured in a Fused Deposition Modelling (FDM) printer, embedded it in Polydimethysilioxane (PDMS) and dissolved it from within using acetone. We successfully made an enlarged three-dimensional (3D) network of microcirculation, and tested it using red blood cell (RBC) analogues. This phantom may be used for testing medical imaging technology.
Modulation of an electrical synapse between solitary pairs of catfish horizontal cells by dopamine and second messengers.

1. Retinas from channel catfish were dissociated and the cells maintained in culture. Horizontal cells that normally receive input from cone photoreceptors were identified. The conductance of the electrical junction formed between a pair of ‘cone’ horizontal cells was measured by controlling the membrane voltage of each cell with a voltage clamp maintained through either a micropipette or a patch pipette. The two techniques yielded similar results. 2. Transjunctional current was measured while transjunctional voltage was stepped to values between +/‐ 60 mV. The current (measured 5 ms after a step) was proportional to voltage over the range tested. For steps to voltages greater than +/‐ 45 mV, the current exhibited a slight time‐dependent decline. 3. Dopamine decreased junctional conductance in a dose‐dependent fashion. A 50% reduction was obtained with 10 nM‐dopamine. The D1 agonist fenoldopam (100 nM) also decreased junctional conductance. The uncoupling produced by either agent was rapid and reversible. 4. The introduction of 100 microM‐cyclic AMP into one cell of a pair decreased junctional conductance by, on average, 40%. Forskolin (1‐10 microM), an activator of adenylate cyclase, decreased junctional conductance 50‐90%. 5. The introduction of 80 microM‐cyclic GMP into one cell of a pair decreased junctional conductance by, on average, 40%. Nitroprusside (1‐10 microM), an activator of guanylate cyclase, reduced junctional conductance 40‐65%. 6. The introduction of a peptide inhibitor specific for the cyclic AMP‐dependent protein kinase reversed a decrease in junctional conductance produced by superfusion with either dopamine (1 microM), fenoldopam (100 nM) or forskolin (5‐10 microM). 7. Intracellular Ca2+ concentration was measured with the fluorescent indicator Fura‐2. The intracellular Ca2+ concentration was increased by activation of a Ca2+ current. Junctional conductance remained constant as the internal Ca2+ concentration changed from 100 to 700 nM. 8. Intracellular pH was measured with the fluorescent indicator bis‐carboxyethylcarboxyfluorescein. The application of acetate (2.5 mM) reduced intracellular pH by 0.2‐0.3 units and decreased junctional conductance by approximately 50%. A subsequent application of fenoldopam did not alter intracellular pH, but decreased junctional conductance by more than 50%. 9. The sensitivity of the junctional conductance between isolated horizontal cells to dopamine is consistent with dopamine having a direct effect on coupling in intact retina. Dopamine regulates the activity of a cyclic AMP‐dependent protein kinase which in turn modulates junctional conductance. Changes in intracellular pH and Ca2+ concentration are not involved in mediating the effect of dopamine on coupling. Cyclic GMP and intracellular pH may participate in regulatory pathways independent of that used by cyclic AMP.
Decreased intercellular dye-transfer and downregulation of non-ablated connexins in aortic endothelium deficient in connexin37 or connexin40

Vascular endothelial cells are coupled by gap junctions that permit cell-to-cell transfer of small molecules, including signals that may be important for vasomotor responses. Connexin37 (Cx37) and connexin40 (Cx40) are the predominant gap-junction proteins present in mouse endothelium. We examined the effect of eliminating Cx37, Cx40, or both, on interendothelial communication in mouse aorta. Intercellular transfer of biocytin and [2-(4-nitro-2,1,3-benzoxadiazol-7-yl)aminoethyl]trimethylammonium (NBD-TMA) was used to assess gap-junction-mediated coupling. Ablation of Cx40 generally had a greater effect on dye-transfer than ablation of Cx37. The effect of Cx40 ablation on dye-transfer was age dependent. There was a 27-fold reduction in biocytin transfer in embryonic Cx40–/– aortic endothelium, a much larger change than in aortas of 6-7-week-old Cx40–/– animals, which showed a 3.5-fold reduction. By contrast, there was no reduction in biocytin transfer in embryonic Cx37–/– endothelium. Embryonic aortas lacking both Cx37 and Cx40 showed a complete loss of endothelial dye-transfer. Surprisingly, elimination of Cx40 resulted in up to a 17-fold drop in endothelial Cx37 on western blots, whereas deletion of Cx37 reduced endothelial Cx40 up to 4.2-fold. By contrast, in the medial layer, both Cx37 and Cx43 increased∼ fourfold in Cx40–/– aortas. Declines in non-ablated endothelial connexins were not mediated by changes in connexin mRNA levels, suggesting a post-transcriptional effect. Our results indicate that Cx37 and Cx40 are the only functional connexins expressed in mouse aortic endothelium and are collectively crucial for endothelial communication. Furthermore, Cx37 and Cx40 are codependent on each other for optimal expression in vascular endothelium.