Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Theoretical Investigation of ?-Splitting After Plastic Deformation of Two-Phase Materials

e0 is the average normal strain of the reflecting grains pointing in the N h direction.Nh is perpendicular to the reflecting planes. ij corresponds to the mean stress ob mined by averaging over the total volume of the reflecting phase. S and S2 are the X-ray elastic constants. The subscripts of (r and e refer to the coordinates of the speci men. The 3-direction p3 is defined to be perpendicular to the flat surface which is investigated with the X-rays. Nh then has the components Nhl (sin cosp), Nh2 (simg h h 3 sinq)) and N 3 (cos). 1/and q) are the angles between N and P and between P and the projection of N" on the 1-2 plane, respectively. The equation (1) is valid for macroscopic isotropic elasticity of the diffracting phase. 13 and/or 23 terms occur if the principal axes of are tilted with respect to p3. Because these terms are multiplied in equation (1) by sin 2g, eg will be different from ep_W. This effect is called "-splitting" and may be observed after machining (milling, turning, grinding.) or directional shot peening of metals. With few exceptions, wsplitting was observed only for multiphase materials. It is strongest in the plane which contains p3 and the direction of machining or shot peening and it is smaller or even disappears in the plane perpendicular to this direction. More details are given in the references [2] [3] [4]. In principle, wsplitting may be related to very different origins namely (i) special texture of the surface layer, (ii) surface roughness and/or (iii) complex stress fields which yield a tilting of the principal axes of the average stress and strain tensors with respect tO p3o
Modelling and performance analysis of mmWaves and radio-frequency based 3D heterogeneous networks

This study introduces a three-dimensional (3D) model for K-tier heterogeneous networks (HetNets) in order to evaluate the performance of using millimetre wave (mmWave) and radio-frequency (RF) bands. The model is based on 3D stochastic geometry that describes the different cells' positions in the network with realistic constraints. Based on the 3D model, the successful transmission probability, the average throughput, and the average bit error rate expressions of down-link HetNets are detailed and derived for both considering bands. Using numerical results, the analytical derived expressions are evaluated, and the advantages of using mmWave and RF bands for HetNets are investigated.
MIMO transmissions with information-theoretic secrecy for secret-key agreement in wireless networks

Information-theoretic secrecy gives the strongest information security that is important for military wireless networks. In this paper, we show that randomized MIMO transmissions can achieve such secrecy. A method is proposed to randomize the MIMO transmission coefficients. The received signal of the adversary has some special statistical distributions, based on which the indeterminacy of the adversary's blind deconvolution is proved. Receiving error rates and secret channel capacity are analyzed and simulated. This paper points out a practical way to realize the well-known wire-tap channel for perfect secrecy, which is one of the interesting challenges in information theory. The proposed method is also useful for key management in military wireless networks
CaMKII activation and dynamics are independent of the holoenzyme structure: an infinite subunit holoenzyme approximation

The combinatorial explosion produced by the multi-state, multi-subunit character of CaMKII has made analysis and modeling of this key signaling protein a significant challenge. Using rule-based and particle-based approaches, we construct exact models of CaMKII holoenzyme dynamics and study these models as a function of the number of subunits per holoenzyme, N. Without phosphatases the dynamics of activation are independent of the holoenzyme structure unless phosphorylation significantly alters the kinase activity of a subunit. With phosphatases the model is independent of holoenzyme size for N > 6. We introduce an infinite subunit holoenzyme approximation (ISHA), which simplifies the modeling by eliminating the combinatorial complexities encountered in any finite holoenzyme model. The ISHA is an excellent approximation to the full system over a broad range of physiologically relevant parameters. Finally, we demonstrate that the ISHA reproduces the behavior of exact models during synaptic plasticity protocols, which justifies its use as a module in large models of synaptic plasticity.
Mechanical Ventilation Induces a Toll/Interleukin-1 Receptor Domain-containing Adapter-inducing Interferon &bgr;–dependent Inflammatory Response in Healthy Mice

Background:Mechanical ventilation (MV) can induce lung injury. Proinflammatory cytokines have been shown to play an important role in the development of ventilator-induced lung injury. Previously, the authors have shown a role for Toll-like receptor 4 signaling. The current study aims to investigate the role of Toll/interleukin-1 receptor domain-containing adapter-inducing interferon-&bgr; (TRIF), a protein downstream of Toll-like receptors, in the development of the inflammatory response after MV in healthy mice. Methods:Wild-type C57BL6 and TRIF mutant mice were mechanically ventilated for 4 h. Lung tissue and plasma was used to investigate changes in cytokine profile, leukocyte influx, and nuclear factor-&kgr;B activity. In addition, experiments were performed to assess the role of TRIF in changes in cardiopulmonary physiology after MV. Results:MV significantly increased messenger RNA expression of interleukin (IL)-1&bgr; in wild-type mice, but not in TRIF mutant mice. In lung homogenates, MV increased levels of IL-1&agr;, IL-1&bgr;, and keratinocyte-derived chemokine in wild-type mice. In contrast, in TRIF mutant mice, only a minor increase in IL-1&bgr; and keratinocyte-derived chemokine was found after MV. Nuclear factor-&kgr;B activity after MV was significantly lower in TRIF mutant mice compared with wild-type mice. In plasma, MV increased levels of IL-6 and keratinocyte-derived chemokine. In TRIF mutant mice, no increase of IL-6 was found after MV, and the increase in keratinocyte-derived chemokine appeared less pronounced. TRIF deletion did not affect cardiopulmonary physiology after MV. Conclusions:The current study supports a prominent role for TRIF in the development of the pulmonary and systemic inflammatory response after MV.
Das Potenzial von Web Analytics für Usability-Evaluierungen

Im Usability-Bereich gibt es eine Vielzahl an Evaluierungsmethoden. Obwohl auf dem Gebiet von Web Analytics in den letzten Jahren viele Fortschritte zu verzeichnen sind, wurde dessen Potenzial für die Verbesserung der Gebrauchstauglichkeit noch nicht ausreichend untersucht. Eine Befragung unter Usability-Experten gab erste Hinweise auf mögliche Einsatzgebiete. Im Rahmen einer empirischen Untersuchung einer Website mit über 200.000 Zugriffen pro Monat konnten mit Hilfe eines Web Analytics-Tools konkrete Verbesserungsmöglichkeiten aufgedeckt werden. Das Ziel der Untersuchung bestand darin, allgemein geltende Empfehlungen zu entwickeln, die in Zukunft beim Einsatz von Web Analytics-Systemen für Usability-Zwecke als Orientierung dienen können.
Robust Communication via Decentralized Processing With Unreliable Backhaul Links

A source communicates with a remote destination via a number of distributed relays. Communication from source to relays takes place over a (discrete or Gaussian) broadcast channel, while the relays are connected to the receiver via orthogonal finite-capacity links. Unknowns to the source and relays, link failures may occur between any subset of relays and the destination in a nonergodic fashion. Upper and lower bounds are derived on average achievable rates with respect to the prior distribution of the link failures, assuming the relays to be oblivious to the source codebook. The lower bounds are obtained by proposing strategies that combine the broadcast coding approach, previously investigated for quasi-static fading channels, and different robust distributed compression techniques. Numerical results show that lower and upper bounds are quite close over most operating regimes, and provide insight into optimal transmission design choices for the scenario at hand. Extension to the case of nonoblivious relays is also discussed.
graphVizdb: A scalable platform for interactive large graph visualization

We present a novel platform for the interactive visualization of very large graphs. The platform enables the user to interact with the visualized graph in a way that is very similar to the exploration of maps at multiple levels. Our approach involves an offline preprocessing phase that builds the layout of the graph by assigning coordinates to its nodes with respect to a Euclidean plane. The respective points are indexed with a spatial data structure, i.e., an R-tree, and stored in a database. Multiple abstraction layers of the graph based on various criteria are also created offline, and they are indexed similarly so that the user can explore the dataset at different levels of granularity, depending on her particular needs. Then, our system translates user operations into simple and very efficient spatial operations (i.e., window queries) in the backend. This technique allows for a fine-grained access to very large graphs with extremely low latency and memory requirements and without compromising the functionality of the tool. Our web-based prototype supports three main operations: (1) interactive navigation, (2) multi-level exploration, and (3) keyword search on the graph metadata.
Electric vehicle charging station placement

Transportation electrification is one of the essential components in the future smart city planning and electric vehicles (EVs) will be integrated into the transportation system seamlessly. Charging stations are the main source of energy for EVs and their locations are critical to the accessibility of EVs in a city. They should be carefully situated so that an EV can access a charging station within its driving range and cruise around anywhere in the city upon being recharged. In this paper, we formulate the Electric Vehicle Charging Station Placement Problem, in which we minimize the total construction cost subject to the constraints for the charging station coverage and the convenience of the drivers for EV charging. We study the properties of the problem, especially its NP-hardness, and propose an efficient greedy algorithm to tackle the problem. We perform a series of simulation whose results show that the greedy algorithm can result in solutions comparable to the mixed-integer programming approach and its computation time is much shorter.
Texture Based Description of Movements for Activity Analysis

Human motion can be seen as a type of moving texture pattern. In this paper, we propose a novel approach for activity analysis by describing human activities with texture features. Our approach extracts spatially enhanced local binary pattern (LBP) histograms from temporal templates (Motion History Images and Motion Energy Images) and models their temporal behavior with hidden Markov models. The description is useful for action modeling and is suitable for detecting and recognizing various kinds of activities. The method is computationally simple. We perform tests on two published databases and clearly show the good performance of our approach in classification and detection tasks. Furthermore, experimental results show that the approach performs robustly against irregularities in data, such as limping and walking with a dog, partial occlusions and low video quality.
A decentralized control scheme for an effective coordination of phasic and tonic control in a snake-like robot

Autonomous decentralized control has attracted considerable attention because it enables us to understand the adaptive and versatile locomotion of animals and facilitates the construction of truly intelligent artificial agents. Thus far, we have developed a snake-like robot (HAUBOT I) that is driven by a decentralized control scheme based on a discrepancy function, which incorporates phasic control. In this paper, we investigate a decentralized control scheme in which phasic and tonic control are well coordinated, as an extension of our previous study. To verify the validity of the proposed control scheme, we apply it to a snake-like robot (HAUBOT II) that can adjust both the phase relationship between its body segments and the stiffness at each joint. The results indicate that the proposed control scheme enables the robot to exhibit remarkable real-time adaptability over various frictional and inclined terrains. These findings can potentially enable us to gain a deeper insight into the autonomous decentralized control mechanism underlying the adaptive and resilient locomotion of animals.
Axis detection method for cylindrical objects

This paper introduces an algorithm dedicated to the detection of the axes of cylindrical objects in a 3-D block. The proposed algorithm performs the 3-D axis detection without prior segmentation of the block. This approach is specifically appropriate when the grey levels of the cylindrical object are not homogeneous and thus difficult to distinguish from the background. The method relies on gradient and curvature estimation and operates in two main steps. The first one selects candidate voxels for the axis and the second one refines the determination of the axis of each cylindrical object. Applied to fiber reinforced composite materials, this algorithm allows detecting the axes of fibers in order to obtain the geometrical characteristics of the reinforcement. Knowing the reinforcement characteristics is an important issue in the quality control of the material but also in the prediction of the thermal and mechanical behavior. In this paper, the various steps of the algorithm are detailed. Then, results obtained with synthetic blocks and with blocks acquired by synchrotron X-ray microtomography on actual carbon-fiber reinforced carbon (C/C) composites are presented.
Learning Task-Based Robotic Grasping with Vision , Haptics and Proprioception

Grasping is an essential capability of service robots in order to interact with the environment. To perform a grasp that satisfies a designated task is challenging since there are many constraints associated with the task. This work studies the topic of the robot grasp adaptation with regard to both geometrical and stability requirements through a supervised learning approach. By giving the geometrical task and stability labels to the grasps that the robot has implemented during the selfexploration, the robot learns to classify the task affordance of a novel grasp given the sensory observations. Gaussian Mixture Model probability modeling and Support Vector Machine are evaluated as the classifiers given one-shot tactile information. And for the temporal sensory information, the classifiers are chosen as Gaussian Mixture Regression and Support Vector Machine on polynomial regression coefficients. Bayesian network, as a generic model is also evaluated for its performance on both one-shot and temporal sensory information. The result shows that one-shot data lead to higher stability prediction accuracy for the discriminative models such as Support Vector Machine, while Bayesian network is more flexible in predicting grasp success even without tactile sensory observations.
Modeling DNA shuffling

In vitro evolution is a new, important laboratory method to evolve molecules with desired properties. It has been used in a variety of biological studies and drug development. In this paper, we study one important mutagenesis method used in in vitro evolution experiments called DNA shuffling. We construct a mathematical model for DNA shuffling and study the properties of molecules after DNA shuffling experiments based on this model. The model for DNA shuffling consists of two parts. First we apply the Lander-Waterman model for physical mapping by fingerprinting random clones to model the distribution of regions that can be reassembled through DNA shuffling. Then we present a model for recombination between different DNA species with different mutations. We compare our theoretical results with experimental data. Finally we propose novel applications of the theoretical results to the optimal design of DNA shuffling experiments and to physical mapping using DNA shuffling.
Optimal Linear Controller for Control Systems with Packet Losses

Motivated by control applications over lossy packet networks, this paper considers the Linear Quadratic Gaussian (LQG) optimal control problem in the discrete time setting and when packet losses may occur between the sensors and the estimation-control unit and between the latter and the actuation points. Previous work [1] shows that, for protocols where packets are acknowledged at the receiver (e.g. TCPlike protocols), the separation principle holds. Moreover, in this case the optimal LQG control is a linear function of the estimated state and there exist critical probabilities for the successful delivery of both observation and control packets, below which the optimal controller fails to stabilize the system. The existence of such critical values is determined by providing analytic upper and lower bounds on the cost functional, and stochastically characterizing their convergence properties in the infinite horizon. Finally, it turns out that when there is no feedback on whether a control packet has been delivered or not (e.g. UDP-like protocols), the LQG optimal controller is in general nonlinear, as shown in [2]. There exists a special case, i.e. the observation matrix C is invertible and there is no output noise. In this case this paper shows that the optimal control is linear and critical values for arrival probabilities exist and can be computed analytically.
Self-repair in a bidirectionally coupled astrocyte-neuron (AN) system based on retrograde signaling

In this paper we demonstrate that retrograde signaling via astrocytes may underpin self-repair in the brain. Faults manifest themselves in silent or near silent neurons caused by low transmission probability (PR) synapses; the enhancement of the transmission PR of a healthy neighboring synapse by retrograde signaling can enhance the transmission PR of the “faulty” synapse (repair). Our model of self-repair is based on recent research showing that retrograde signaling via astrocytes can increase the PR of neurotransmitter release at damaged or low transmission PR synapses. The model demonstrates that astrocytes are capable of bidirectional communication with neurons which leads to modulation of synaptic activity, and that indirect signaling through retrograde messengers such as endocannabinoids leads to modulation of synaptic transmission PR. Although our model operates at the level of cells, it provides a new research direction on brain-like self-repair which can be extended to networks of astrocytes and neurons. It also provides a biologically inspired basis for developing highly adaptive, distributed computing systems that can, at fine levels of granularity, fault detect, diagnose and self-repair autonomously, without the traditional constraint of a central fault detect/repair unit.
Oviposition site selection by the tree-hole mosquito, Aedes triseriatus (Say).

The effects of 6 environmental variables upon selection of an oviposition container by colonized Aedes Triseriatus were analyzed by means of a series of overlapping factorial tests. Statistically significant and consistent preferences were demonstrated for containers with horizontal openings, rough-textured and dark-colored walls, and dark backgrounds. Water of high optical density and the presence of organic decay products were also shown to be powerful oviposition stimulants. These factors and the significant interactions that occurred among them are discussed in relation to the behavior and ecological requirements of the mosquito in nature.
Precipitation Kinetics of Aluminium Nitride in Austenite in Microalloyed HSLA Steels

In this work, the thermodynamic information on aluminium nitride formation and experimental precipitation kinetics data are reviewed. A revised expression for the Gibbs energy of AlN is developed with special emphasis on microalloyed steel. Using the software package MatCalc, computer simulations of AlN precipitation kinetics are performed and compared to several independent experimental results from literature. To mimic the geometrical arrangement of AlN precipitates along austenite grain boundaries, a new model for precipitation at grain boundaries is used, which takes into account fast short-circuit diffusion along grain boundaries as well as the slower bulk diffusion of atoms from inside the grain to the grain boundaries. This is essential for the calculation of AlN precipitation in austenite where nucleation occurs predominantly on grain boundaries. By studying the AlN precipitation at grain boundaries numerically, and by comparison with experimental data, it is demonstrated that the precipitation kinetics of AlN differs significantly from the simulated precipitation kinetics of randomly distributed precipitates assuming spherical diffusion fields.
Improvement of bone defect healing in rats via mesenchymal stem cell supernatant

The effects of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) from three different sources in the treatment of bone defect with stem cells, and the differences of curative effects were studied. The umbilical cord, adipose and bone marrow mesen-chymal stem cells (BMSCs) of Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats were isolated and extracted, and the phenotype was identified for the 4th generation. The SD rat model of bone defect was established. The rats were randomly divided into: Normal saline group, umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cell (UMSC) group, adipose mesenchymal stem cell (AMSC) group and BMSC group. Rats were treated with tail intravenous injection, followed by radiological examination. The relative expression levels of factors bone morphogenetic protein-2 (BMP-2), osteocalcin (OCN), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), sclerostin (SOST), collagen carboxy-terminal telopeptide (CTX) and tartrated resistant acid phosphatase (TRACP) were measured via fluorescence quantitative PCR and western blotting. Among the three different kinds of stem cell supernatant, the detection using bicinchoninic acid (BCA) method showed that the content of P4-generation new cytokines was the highest. Wound healing in the three stem cell supernatant groups was significant at 3 weeks after operation, which was faster than that in DF12 control group; the expression levels of BMP-2, OCN and ALP in the bone samples treated with three kinds of MSC supernatants after 5 weeks were significantly increased compared with those in control group. The expression levels of SOST, CTX and TRACP were significantly decreased compared with those in control group. Three kinds of MSC supernatants can promote the bone regeneration through promoting the secretion of relatively more osteoblast factors, and inhibit the bone loss. The concentration of cytokines in UMSC supernatant was the highest under the same culture condition, and BMSC supernatant has a better effect in improving the bone defect repair of rats under the same concentration of cytokines.