Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Tricaprylin Alone Increases Plasma Ketone Response More Than Coconut Oil or Other Medium-Chain Triglycerides: An Acute Crossover Study in Healthy Adults

Abstract Background: Ketones are the brain's main alternative fuel to glucose. Dietary medium-chain triglyceride (MCT) supplements increase plasma ketones, but their ketogenic efficacy relative to coconut oil (CO) is not clear. Objective: The aim was to compare the acute ketogenic effects of the following test oils in healthy adults: coconut oil [CO; 3% tricaprylin (C8), 5% tricaprin (C10)], classical MCT oil (C8-C10; 55% C8, 35% C10), C8 (>95% C8), C10 (>95% C10), or CO mixed 50:50 with C8-C10 or C8. Methods: In a crossover design, 9 participants with mean ± SD ages 34 ± 12 y received two 20-mL doses of the test oils prepared as an emulsion in 250 mL lactose-free skim milk. During the control (CTL) test, participants received only the milk vehicle. The first test dose was taken with breakfast and the second was taken at noon but without lunch. Blood was sampled every 30 min over 8 h for plasma acetoacetate and β-hydroxybutyrate (β-HB) analysis. Results: C8 was the most ketogenic test oil with a day-long mean ± SEM of +295 ± 155 µmol/L above the CTL. C8 alone induced the highest plasma ketones expressed as the areas under the curve (AUCs) for 0–4 and 4–8 h (780 ± 426 µmol ⋅ h/L and 1876 ± 772 µmol ⋅ h/L, respectively); these values were 813% and 870% higher than CTL values (P < 0.01). CO plasma ketones peaked at +200 µmol/L, or 25% of the C8 ketone peak. The acetoacetate-to-β-HB ratio increased 56% more after CO than after C8 after both doses. Conclusions: In healthy adults, C8 alone had the highest net ketogenic effect over 8 h, but induced only half the increase in the acetoacetate-to-β-HB ratio compared with CO. Optimizing the type of MCT may help in developing ketogenic supplements designed to counteract deteriorating brain glucose uptake associated with aging. This trial was registered at clinicaltrials.gov as NCT 02679222.
La justice des mineurs en Ecosse : pressions convergentes et singularités culturelles

Cet article met en evidence les moyens par lesquels l’ancien systeme welfare de la justice des mineurs en Ecosse a ete infiltre par un jeu de logiques concurrentes et contradictoires, parmi lesquelles on trouve la punitivite, la marchandisation et le managerialisme. Ces changements ont defini de nouveaux publics pour la justice des mineurs : les victimes et les communautes, aux besoins desquelles les organismes doivent maintenant s’efforcer de repondre. Tout cela s’est accompagne d’une panique morale a propos de la delinquance des jeunes qui a ete amorcee par les ministres et renforcee par les medias. Cet article fait valoir que la cle de la comprehension de ces evolutions ecossaises, se trouve dans la coupure qui s’est produite entre la capacite de construction politique (modalites de pouvoir) et un processus de derive culturelle (modalites d’identite) dans la periode qui a suivi la devolution. Ainsi, le cas ecossais met en lumiere le besoin d’explorer a la fois, les pressions convergentes et les singularites culturelles pour construire une theorie de la transformation penale.
A trade-off analysis of routine newborn circumcision.

BACKGROUND The risks associated with newborn circumcision have not been as extensively evaluated as the benefits. OBJECTIVES The goals of this study were threefold: 1) to derive a population-based complication rate for newborn circumcision; 2) to calculate the number needed to harm for newborn circumcision based on this rate; and 3) to establish trade-offs based on our complication rates and published estimates of the benefits of circumcision including the prevention of urinary tract infections and penile cancer. METHODS Using the Comprehensive Hospital Abstract Reporting System for Washington State, we retrospectively examined routine newborn circumcisions performed over 9 years (1987-1996). We used International Classification of Diseases, Ninth Revision codes to identify both circumcisions and complications and limited our analyses to children without other surgical procedures performed during their initial birth hospitalization. RESULTS Of 354, 297 male infants born during the study period, 130,475 (37%) were circumcised during their newborn stay. Overall 287 (.2%) of circumcised children and 33 (.01%) of uncircumcised children had complications potentially associated with circumcision coded as a discharge diagnosis. Based on our findings, a complication can be expected in 1 out every 476 circumcisions. Six urinary tract infections can be prevented for every complication endured and almost 2 complications can be expected for every case of penile cancer prevented. CONCLUSIONS Circumcision remains a relatively safe procedure. However, for some parents, the risks we report may outweigh the potential benefits. This information may help parents seeking guidance to make an informed decision.
Slicing Using Object-Oriented System Dependence Graphs

This paper describes the construction of system dependence graphs of objectoriented software on which efficient slicing algorithms can be applied. The system dependence graphs that have been in use so far, do not consider the full range of object-oriented features. This paper describes the construction of system dependence graphs which incorporate these features. The techniques introduced here can be used to represent individual classes, group of interacting classes as well as complete systems. The advantage of this approach is that the representations can be reused. The slices can be computed for individual classes as well as for complete systems and the information gathered can again be reused for further analysis.
Septic Arthritis of the Temporomandibular Joint

Septic arthritis of the temporomandibular joint (TMJ) is a rare entity that has been reported infrequently. The mechanism of inoculation of the micro-organism is usually a penetrating wound caused by joint injection or direct extension from a contiguous site. Occasionally the infectious organism can gain access to the joint from a distant site by hematogenous dissemination. Preauricular edema, pain, and trismus are the common presenting features. Susceptible patients are those with diabetes mellitus, systemic lupus erythematous, rheumatoid arthritis, other immunosuppressive diseases, or previous joint disease. 1 Aspiration and analysis of joint fluid, blood chemistry, imaging studies and clinical examination assist in the diagnosis. Timely diagnosis, and treatment are essential to avoid possible complications such as dissemination of infection, temporomandibular fibrosis, and ankylosis. We present a case of septic arthritis presumably caused by inoculation from dental manipulation.
Functional Hair Cell Mechanotransducer Channels Are Required for Aminoglycoside Ototoxicity

Aminoglycosides (AG) are commonly prescribed antibiotics with potent bactericidal activities. One main side effect is permanent sensorineural hearing loss, induced by selective inner ear sensory hair cell death. Much work has focused on AG's initiating cell death processes, however, fewer studies exist defining mechanisms of AG uptake by hair cells. The current study investigated two proposed mechanisms of AG transport in mammalian hair cells: mechanotransducer (MET) channels and endocytosis. To study these two mechanisms, rat cochlear explants were cultured as whole organs in gentamicin-containing media. Two-photon imaging of Texas Red conjugated gentamicin (GTTR) uptake into live hair cells was rapid and selective. Hypocalcemia, which increases the open probability of MET channels, increased AG entry into hair cells. Three blockers of MET channels (curare, quinine, and amiloride) significantly reduced GTTR uptake, whereas the endocytosis inhibitor concanavalin A did not. Dynosore quenched the fluorescence of GTTR and could not be tested. Pharmacologic blockade of MET channels with curare or quinine, but not concanavalin A or dynosore, prevented hair cell loss when challenged with gentamicin for up to 96 hours. Taken together, data indicate that the patency of MET channels mediated AG entry into hair cells and its toxicity. Results suggest that limiting permeation of AGs through MET channel or preventing their entry into endolymph are potential therapeutic targets for preventing hair cell death and hearing loss.
Maternal Prepregnant Body Mass Index and Gestational Weight Gain Are Associated with Initiation and Duration of Breastfeeding among Norwegian Mothers.

BACKGROUND Pregnancy is associated with weight gain. Moreover, overweight and obese women subsequently have difficulties with breastfeeding. Both of these factors may contribute to the observed relations between reproduction and weight problems. OBJECTIVE In this study we evaluated the combined effects of maternal prepregnancy body mass index (BMI) and gestational weight gain (GWG) on the ability to initiate and sustain breastfeeding in a large, population-based study, the MoBa (Norwegian Mother and Child Cohort Study). METHODS Initiation and maintenance of breastfeeding for 4 and 6 mo postpartum in relation to prepregnancy BMI and GWG were evaluated among 49,669 women with complete information on BMI, GWG, and breastfeeding by using multivariable logistic regression analyses. RESULTS An excess risk of unsuccessful initiation of breastfeeding was observed among all categories of prepregnant overweight and obese women as well as among most GWG categories of prepregnant underweight women. For all of these groups, risks of unsuccessful initiation of breastfeeding were significantly higher with GWG below recommendations. The same patterns were seen among all categories of prepregnant overweight and obese women with respect to risks of inability to sustain full or any breastfeeding for 4 and 6 mo postpartum. However, prepregnant obese women had the highest risk of inability to sustain full or any breastfeeding if they had also experienced GWG above recommendations. The associations between prepregnancy BMI and breastfeeding were modified by Apgar scores and maternal asthma. CONCLUSIONS The results show the importance of encouraging women to start pregnancy with a healthy BMI as well as to have GWG within recommendations for the benefit of successful breastfeeding. The interactions with medical conditions further highlight the complexity of the associations.
Visual field profile of optic neuritis. One-year follow-up in the Optic Neuritis Treatment Trial.

PURPOSE The purpose of this present study was to evaluate longitudinal visual field information for 448 patients over their first year of follow-up in the Optic Neuritis Treatment Trial. METHODS We reviewed 6536 automated static visual fields performed on a visual field analyzer (Humphrey Visual Field Analyzer) at nine visits within the 1-year period for each of the patients. RESULTS The median values of the mean deviations for affected eyes were as follows: -22.88 dB at baseline, -1.94 dB at 6 months, and -1.62 dB at 1 year. At 6 months, 51% of affected eye visual fields were normal, and at 1 year 55.9% were normal. Approximately two thirds (68.8%) of the fellow eyes were classified as abnormal at baseline, although the defects were generally slight. One third (33.2%) were abnormal at 6 months, and approximately one third were still abnormal at 1 year. More than 87% of those abnormal at 6 months and at 1 year had been abnormal at baseline. Binocular analysis revealed that 13.2% of patients showed a chiasmal or retrochiasmal type of field defect at least once during the year (5.1% bitemporal; 8.9% homonymous). Of the patients who showed a retrochiasmal visual field defect, 75.7% had an abnormal magnetic resonance imaging scan at baseline compared with 46% of the rest of the patients in the Optic Neuritis Treatment Trial (chi 2 = 10.73, df = 1, P < .002). CONCLUSION Over the first year of follow-up, the majority of patients with visual field defects from acute optic neuritis returned to normal, as measured by automated static perimetry. Many fields showed variation in the pattern and location of the sensitivity loss. Chiasmal and retrochiasmal defects occurred more commonly than previously reported.
Linking design and manufacturing domains via web-based and enterprise integration technologies

The manufacturing industry faces many challenges such as reducing time-to-market and cutting costs. In order to meet these increasing demands, effective methods are need to support the early product development stages by bridging the gap of communicating early design ideas and the evaluation of manufacturing performance. This paper introduces methods of linking design and manufacturing domains using disparate technologies. The combined technologies include knowledge management supporting for product lifecycle management systems, Enterprise Resource Planning (ERP) systems, aggregate process planning systems, workflow management and data exchange formats. A case study has been used to demonstrate the use of these technologies, illustrated by adding manufacturing knowledge to generate alternative early process plan which are in turn used by an ERP system to obtain and optimise a rough-cut capacity plan.
Isotopic Approximation of Implicit Curves and Surfaces ( Extended Abstract )

Implicit surfaces are defined as the zero set of a function F : R → R. Although several algorithms exist for generating piecewise linear approximations, most of them are based on a user-defined stepsize or bounds to indicate the precision, and therefore cannot guarantee topological correctness. Interval arithmetic provides a mechanism to determine global properties of the implicit function. In this paper we present an algorithm that uses these properties to generate a piecewise linear approximation of implicit curves and surfaces, that is isotopic to the curve or surface itself. The algorithm is simple and fast, and is among the first to guarantee isotopy for implicit surface meshing.
WHAT ARE FINANCIAL JOURNALISTS FOR?

In order to understand why so little media attention was paid to risks in the banking sector in the run up to the financial crisis, we need to understand the framework of law, regulation, self-regulation and professional incentives that structure the practice of financial and business journalism. This paper focuses in particular on what role financial journalists play in the system of corporate governance, the ways in which law and regulation recognize that role, and the extent to which this role is accepted and understood by financial journalists themselves. The first part of the essay reviews recent debate on financial journalism and investigates the role of financial journalism from a systemic perspective: looking at its role in corporate governance, and its impact on market behaviour. I develop the notion that financial and business journalists operate within a framework of rights and duties which institutionalize a particular ethical approach to their role. The second half of the article, which draws more extensively on interviews conducted with journalists and editors, asks how journalists themselves understand and describe their role and what they see as the key challenges they face as they attempt to perform it. It emerges that there is no consensus among financial and business journalists about their “watchdog” role in relation to markets and corporate behaviour, and whilst the financial journalists interviewed tended to agree on the key challenges they face, they are uncertain how to respond to them.
Association between altered thyroid state and insulin resistance

Objective: To determine the association between altered thyroid hormones and insulin resistance (IR). Materials and Methods: Eight euthyroid (EU), eight hypothyroid (HO), and eight hyperthyroid (HR) patients with no past medical history were studied in this cross-sectional study at the Care Institute of Medical Sciences, Ahmedabad, India, The fasting blood sample were analyzed for thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH), lipid profile, insulin, and glucose. Homeostatic model assessment (HOMA) was calculated for assessing IR. Results: HOMA values were significantly higher in HR and HO groups as compared to the EU group (P < 0.05). Insulin levels were also found to be significantly increased in HR and HO groups as compared to the EU group (P < 0.05). Cholesterol, triglycerides (TG), and low density lipoprotein (LDL) were significantly raised in HO as compared to EU and HR groups (P < 0.05) whereas high density lipoprotein levels (HDL) were lower. HOMA and insulin were found to be positively correlated with TSH in HO and negatively in HR. Conclusion: Thyroid disorder, including both hypo- and hyper have been associated with IR due to various mechanisms such as altered insulin secretion and lipid levels. IR was comparable in patients with both HO and HR. Although HO and HR constitute an IR state, more studies need to be done in order to clarify the underlying pathogenic mechanism. Thus, an altered thyroid state can lead to IR leading to glucose-related disorder such as diabetes dyslipidemia.
AIAA 2003-1171 Reactive Flow Phenomena in Pulse Detonation Engines

This paper describes oneand two-dimensional numerical simulations, with simplified as well as full reaction kinetics, of a single cycle pulse detonation engine (PDE). Focus of the present studies is on 1) the presence of a nozzle extension at the end of the tube, and its effect on performance parameters as well as noise characteristics, 2) critical “spark ignition” energies associated with the initiation of a detonation in the PDE tube, and 3) quantification of performance parameters associated with full kinetics simulations of the PDE and comparison of these data sets with available experimental data. The present simulations demonstrate the ability to predict PDE reactive flow phenomena and associated performance and noise characteristics, and hence have promise as a predictive tool for the evolution of future PDE designs. Introduction and Background The Pulse Detonation Wave Engine (often called the Pulse Detonation Engine or PDE) is a device which allows periodic ignition, propagation, and transmission of detonation waves within a detonation tube, with associated reflections of expansion and compression waves which can act in periodic fashion to produce thrust 1, 2 . A summary of the relevant gasdynamics within the PDE tube is shown in Figure 1. The figure indicates ignition and propagation of the detonation out of the PDE tube (Figures 1a-c), reflection of an expansion fan into the tube (Figures 1de), reflection of the expansion fan from ∗Graduate Researcher †Professor; Associate Fellow, AIAA. Corresponding author (ark@seas.ucla.edu). ‡Copyright (c) 2003 by X. He Published by the American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Inc., with permission. the thrust wall (Figures 1ef), allowing reactants to be drawn into the tube, and propagation of the expansion fan out of the tube (Figures 1gh), with simultaneous reflection of a compressive disturbance into the tube (Figures 1hij), which reflects from the thrust wall, ignites the fresh reactants, and reinitiates the cycle. Because the PDE concept holds promise for high thrust density in a constant volume device requiring little or no rotating machinery, a number of groups have been exploring PDEs for propulsion applications. This exploration has built on fundamental PDE work over several decades 1–4 , so that modern experimental diagnostic as well as computational methods may be used to bring about significant advances in the state of the art 2,4–6 . Performance parameters commonly used to characterize the pulse detonation engine include the impulse, I, typically defined as
The psycholexical approach to the structure of interpersonal traits

In this study the structure of interpersonal behaviour is investigated following the principles of the so-called psycholexical approach. The interpersonal trait descriptors are selected from a comprehensive set of 1203 trait descriptive adjectives, constructed by Brokken (1978). Self-ratings and peer ratings (N = 400) on the subset of 454 interpersonal trait adjectives were subjected to Principal Components analysis. The main results centre around a two-factor solution, approximately reflecting the axis of the traditional interpersonal circumplex, Dominance and Nurturance. The relationship of the two interpersonal factors with the Big Five is discussed, as well as the relationship with the set of traits judged non-interpersonal.
Unit commitment based on modified unit decommitment method

A modified unit decommitment method is proposed for unit commitment. The algorithm starts with the initial solution where all the available units are on stream. One and only one unit schedule optimization is made in each iteration to minimize the power production (or purchasing) cost in conventional (or market) environment. The iteration continues till two consecutive iterations give the identical solution or the value of the objective function cannot be further improved. A noticeable advantage of the new method is that all the intermediate solutions during the iterations retain the feasibility. In the single-unit optimization process, minimum up and down time constraints are considered through a novel approach so that the number of feasible solutions can be reduced significantly. The mathematical models for UC under both traditional and market environments are presented together with the suggested algorithm and solution procedure. The constraints of power balance, spinning-reserve request, minimum up and down time, generation capacity and the ramp rate are all considered. Computer test results for a 20-unit system and a 110-unit system are presented to show the effectiveness of the proposed approach.
BECOMING A FAMILY COUNSELOR: A BRIDGE to FAMILY THERAPY–THEORY and PRACTICE

Thomas W. Blume (2006). Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley & Sons, Inc. (432 pp., $75.00, hardcover, ISBN# 9780471221388) Blume's text, Becoming a Family Counselor: A Bridge to Family Therapy–Theory and Pract.
The Democratic Dilemma: Can Citizens Learn What They Need to Know?

List of tables and figures Series editors' preface Acknowledgements 1. Knowledge and the foundation of democracy Part I. Theory: 2. How people learn 3. How people learn from others 4. What people learn from others 5. Delegation and democracy Part II. Experiments: 6. Theory, predictions and the scientific method 7. Laboratory experiments on information, persuasion and choice 8. Laboratory experiments on delegation 9. A survey on the conditions for persuasion Part III. Implications for Institutional Design: 10. The institutions of knowledge Afterword Appendices References Author index Subject index.
Working Papers in Economics and Statistics Choosing the carrot or the stick ? – Endogenous institutional choice in social dilemma situations

We analyze an experimental public goods game in which group members can endogenously determine whether they want to supplement a standard voluntary contribution mechanism with the possibility of rewarding or punishing other group members. We find a large and positive effect of endogenous institutional choice on the level of cooperation in comparison to exogenously implemented institutions. This suggests that participation rights enhance cooperation in groups. With endogenous choice, groups typically vote for the reward option, even though punishment is actually more effective in sustaining high levels of cooperation. Our results are evaluated against the predictions of social preference models. JEL classification: C72, C91, C92