Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Cav1.2, Cav1.3, and Cav2.1 in the mouse hippocampus during and after pilocarpine‐induced status epilepticus

Calcium binding proteins are well known to be expressed by different groups of hippocampal interneurons; however, whether voltage‐dependent calcium channels (Cav) are also localized in these neurons, changed during and after status epilepticus (SE), and involved in epileptic activity have not been reported. In the present study, we showed the colocalization of three subtypes of voltage‐gated calcium channels (Cav1.2, Cav1.3, or Cav2.1) with different calcium binding proteins such as calbindin (CB), calretinin (CR), and parvalbumin (PV). At early stages during and after pilocarpine‐induced status epilepticus (PISE), significant changes of expression of Cav1.2, Cav1.3 (L‐type), and Cav2.1 (P/Q‐type) were found in different groups of hippocampal neurons. Induced expression of Cav1.3 or Cav2.1 in reactive astrocytes was shown at 1 week and 2 months after PISE. At the latter time point, higher percentages of colocalization of PV and Cav1.2, CB, or PV and Cav1.3 or Cav2.1, lower percentages of CR and Cav1.3 or Cav2.1 immunoposivie neurons were observed in gliotic CA1 area. We therefore conclude that voltage‐gated calcium channels are expressed by different groups of hippocampal interneurons in the mouse. At acute stages during and after PISE, up‐ or down‐regulation of Cav1.2, Cav1.3, or Cav2.1 in functionally different groups of interneurons in CA1 area may be related to the changes of their plasticity. Up‐regulation of Cav1.2, Cav1.3, or Cav2.1 in granule cells may be directly related to the occurrence of SE. The induced expression of Cav1.3 or Cav2.1 in reactive astrocytes at 1 week and 2 months after PISE suggests that Cav1.3 or Cav2.1‐related calcium signaling in reactive astrocytes may be involved in initiation, maintenance or spread of seizure activity. In gliotic CA1 area at chronic stage (i.e., 2 months after PISE), the occurrence of higher percentages of colocalization of PV and Cav1.2, CB, or PV and Cav1.3 or Cav2.1, lower percentages of CR and Cav1.3 or Cav2.1 immunopositive neurons may suggest that such colocalizations may be linked to the survival or loss of particular group of hippocampal neurons. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Integrating Human Recommendations in the Decision Process of Autonomous Agents

In order to help agents in a difficult situation, we integrate the human in the agent's decision process. We develop a new model called Human Help Provider in a Markov Decision Process (HHP-MDP). We define HHP-MDP as a middle ground between an autonomous agent and a teleoperated agent called adjustable autonomy. The global approach of HHP-MDP is based on (1) a recommendation is translated into a partial policy, (2)then, this partial policy is translated into transition and reward functions associated to the agent Markov Decision Process. This new model is quickly integrated into the agent's decision process.
The Relationship of Breast and Gynecological Cancers with Smoking and Metabolic Syndrome - An Examination of NHANES Data 2001 - 2010

Background: Breast and Gynecological cancers are a major public health problem. Smoking is a lifestyle associated with several chronic diseases including cancer, and is a cause of preventable death. Other lifestyles of public health concern like poor dietary habits and lack of exercise, predisposes many people to dyslipidemia, hypertension and obesity; which are risk factors for metabolic syndrome, and are associated with cancer. Objectives: The purpose of this study is to find if those who smoke, and have the metabolic syndrome, are more likely to have breast or gynecological cancers, and to find the distribution by education, having health insurance, race/ethnicity and socio-economic status.
Improving outcomes in patients undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention: role of prasugrel

Dual oral antiplatelet therapy, aspirin plus thienopyridine, has permitted a rapid increase in the use of coronary intervention procedures. Clopidogrel is the thienopyridine of choice for dual antiplatelet therapy in patients treated with percutaneous coronary intervention. However, there are two issues with clopidogrel: (1) clopidogrel’s antiplatelet activity is delayed because the drug needs to be metabolized into its active form and (2) variability in patient response to clopidogrel has been demonstrated. To overcome these shortcomings of clopidogrel, new more potent inhibitors of P2Y12 receptors, which have a more rapid onset of action have been introduced for clinical evaluation. This article is a nonexhaustive review of the literature and concentrates on prasugrel, a third-generation, oral thienopyridine. The purpose is to summarize the current knowledge about the benefits and risks of prasugrel and to outline the most prudent strategies for the drug’s clinical use.
A clinical series of resuscitative endovascular balloon occlusion of the aorta for hemorrhage control and resuscitation

BACKGROUND A requirement for improved methods of hemorrhage control and resuscitation along with the translation of endovascular specialty skills has resulted in reappraisal of resuscitative endovascular balloon occlusion of the aorta (REBOA) for end-stage shock. The objective of this report was to describe implementation of REBOA in civilian trauma centers. METHODS Descriptive case series of REBOA (December 2012 to March 2013) used in scenarios of end-stage hemorrhagic shock at the University of Maryland, R. Adams Cowley Shock Trauma Center, Baltimore, Maryland, and Herman Memorial Hospital, The Texas Trauma Institute, Houston, Texas. RESULTS REBOA was performed by trauma and acute care surgeons for blunt (n = 4) and penetrating (n = 2) mechanisms. Three cases were REBOA in the descending thoracic aorta (Zone I) and three in the infrarenal aorta (Zone III). Mean (SD) systolic blood pressure at the time of REBOA was 59 (27) mm Hg, and mean (SD) base deficit was 13 (5). Arterial access was accomplished using both direct cutdown (n = 3) and percutaneous (n = 3) access to the common femoral artery. REBOA resulted in a mean (SD) increase in blood pressure of 55 (20) mm Hg, and the mean (SD) aortic occlusion time was 18 (34) minutes. There were no REBOA-related complications, and there was no hemorrhage-related mortality. CONCLUSION REBOA is a feasible and effective means of proactive aortic control for patients in end-stage shock from blunt and penetrating mechanisms. With available technology, this method of resuscitation can be performed by trauma and acute care surgeons who have benefited from instruction on a limited endovascular skill set. Future work should be aimed at devices that allow easy, fluoroscopy-free access and studies to define patients most likely to benefit from this procedure. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE Therapeutic study, level V.
Virtual race transformation reverses racial in-group bias

People generally show greater preference for members of their own racial group compared to racial out-group members. This type of ‘in-group bias’ is evident in mimicry behaviors. We tend to automatically mimic the behaviors of in-group members, and this behavior is associated with interpersonal sensitivity and empathy. However, mimicry is reduced when interacting with out-group members. Although race is considered an unchangeable trait, it is possible using embodiment in immersive virtual reality to engender the illusion in people of having a body of a different race. Previous research has used this technique to show that after a short period of embodiment of White people in a Black virtual body their implicit racial bias against Black people diminishes. Here we show that this technique powerfully enhances mimicry. We carried out an experiment with 32 White (Caucasian) female participants. Half were embodied in a White virtual body and the remainder in a Black virtual body. Each interacted in two different sessions with a White and a Black virtual character, in counterbalanced order. The results show that dyads with the same virtual body skin color expressed greater mimicry than those of different color. Importantly, this effect occurred depending on the virtual body’s race, not participants’ actual racial group. When embodied in a Black virtual body, White participants treat Black as their novel in-group and Whites become their novel out-group. This reversed in-group bias effect was obtained regardless of participants’ level of implicit racial bias. We discuss the theoretical and practical implications of this surprising psychological phenomenon.
Mazatec Onsets and Nuclei

L'A. analyse la structure syllabique du dialecte mazatec huautla. Il montre que le mazatec a des syllabes simples et des plosives simples. La richesse du systeme repose sur les differents traits qui peuvent etre associes aux noyaux et aux attaques
hcaPCG: A Heterogeneous and communication-avoid PCG with Jacobi preconditioner on SW26010-Pro architecture

Due to its efficiency and versatility, the preconditioned conjugate gradient algorithm has long been a staple in the realm of iterative linear system solvers. In this paper, we proposed an optimized preconditioned conjugate gradient algorithm tailored for the SW26010-Pro manycore processor, The main work includes: Optimizing data block sizes based on the processor’s storage structure; combining thread-level and data-level parallelism, utilizing manual SIMD to improve efficiency; optimizing the memory access pattern by employing direct memory access and overlapping of computation and communication; employing a shared-memory approach to store long vectors across all cores. Furthermore, we design an accelerated algorithm for reduction operations, to avoid data communication. Experimental results show that the hcaPCG yields up to 28.1× speedups on average compared to the original implementation.
Taxonomic revision of the spider family Penestomidae (Araneae, Entelegynae)

Conflicting character evidence and a scarcity of male specimens has historically made placement of the spider subfamily Penestominae Simon problematic. The Penestominae was recently removed from the family Eresidae and promoted to family rank based on the results of a molecular phylogenetic study; a complementary taxonomic revision of the Penestomidae is presented here. Penestomidae contains a single genus, Penestomus Simon, 1902. The genus Wajane Lehtinen, 1967 was previously included in the Penestominae, and distinguished from Penestomus based on the lack of a cribellum. Wajane is, in fact, cribellate, and is here synonymized with Penestomus New synonymy. Nine Penestomus species are recognized: four species are redescribed ( P. planus Simon, 1902, P. croeseri Dippenaar-Schoeman, 1989, P. stilleri (Dippenaar-Schoeman, 1989), new combination, and P. armatus (Lehtinen, 1967)) new combination, and five species are newly described ( P. egazini sp. nov., P. kruger sp. nov., P. montanus sp. nov., P. prendinii sp. nov., and P. zulu sp. nov.). Male specimens are rare in collections; only P. egazini , P. montanus , and P. armatus are known from males, and only P. armatus is unknown from females. A dichotomous key to the species is provided. Data elements in this work have been disseminated across multiple electronic venues, including images on Morphbank, distribution data exposed through GBIF and explorable using Google Earth, new nomenclatural acts registered with ZooBank, and species pages on the Encyclopedia of Life. Where available, species descriptions include links to molecular sequence data on GenBank.
Matrix Metalloproteinase 9 and Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor Are Essential for Osteoclast Recruitment into Developing Long Bones

Bone development requires the recruitment of osteoclast precursors from surrounding mesenchyme, thereby allowing the key events of bone growth such as marrow cavity formation, capillary invasion, and matrix remodeling. We demonstrate that mice deficient in gelatinase B/matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-9 exhibit a delay in osteoclast recruitment. Histological analysis and specialized invasion and bone resorption models show that MMP-9 is specifically required for the invasion of osteoclasts and endothelial cells into the discontinuously mineralized hypertrophic cartilage that fills the core of the diaphysis. However, MMPs other than MMP-9 are required for the passage of the cells through unmineralized type I collagen of the nascent bone collar, and play a role in resorption of mineralized matrix. MMP-9 stimulates the solubilization of unmineralized cartilage by MMP-13, a collagenase highly expressed in hypertrophic cartilage before osteoclast invasion. Hypertrophic cartilage also expresses vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), which binds to extracellular matrix and is made bioavailable by MMP-9 (Bergers, G., R. Brekken, G. McMahon, T.H. Vu, T. Itoh, K. Tamaki, K. Tanzawa, P. Thorpe, S. Itohara, Z. Werb, and D. Hanahan. 2000. Nat. Cell Biol. 2:737–744). We show that VEGF is a chemoattractant for osteoclasts. Moreover, invasion of osteoclasts into the hypertrophic cartilage requires VEGF because it is inhibited by blocking VEGF function. These observations identify specific actions of MMP-9 and VEGF that are critical for early bone development.
The stereo dipole : A virtual source imaging system using two closely spaced loudspeakers

A system comprising only two closely spaced loudspeakers can create very convincing virtual images around a single listener. It is demonstrated that such a system is very robust with respect to head movement, and that the processing does not introduce any excessive artifacts. In practice, the loudspeakers ought to be pair matched in order to ensure accurate imaging.
Phonological Awareness and Speech Comprehensibility: An Exploratory Study

This study examined whether differences in phonological awareness were related to differences in speech comprehensibility. Seventeen adults who learned English as a foreign language (EFL) in academic settings completed 14 tests of phonological awareness that measured their explicit knowledge of English phonological structures, and three tests of phonological short term memory. The same participants also read aloud a passage and narrated picture stories. These tasks were used by 12 native speakers of English to rate the EFL speakers' comprehensibility on a 9-point scale. There was a strong positive correlation between composite phonological awareness scores and rated comprehensibility and between composite phonological awareness scores and phonological short term memory. The correlation between rated comprehensibility and phonological short term memory was not significant. A simple linear regression analysis showed that approximately 19% of the variance in rated comprehensibility scores was accounted for by composite phonological awareness scores. The study offers support to the view that phonological awareness is related to differences in speech comprehensibility and the results suggest that form-focused instruction in phonology may contribute to the comprehensibility of EFL speakers.
Pattern formation in a stochastic model of cancer growth

We investigate noise-induced pattern formation in a model of cancer growth based on Michaelis-Menten kinetics, subject to additive and multiplicative noises. We analyse stability properties of the system and discuss the role of diffusion and noises in the system's dynamics. We find that random dichotomous fluctuations in the immune response intensity along with Gaussian environmental noise lead to emergence of a spatial pattern of two phases, in which cancer cells, or, respectively, immune cells predominate.
Extenuatory sociolinguistics: Diverting attention from issues to symptoms in cross-cultural communication studies

The paper Highlights certain significant limitations of current cross-cultural communication theory through an examination of an episode from thefüm Crosstalk. It demonstrates the need to go beyond the text to both nonverbal social and mental dimensions, to distinguish between surface levels ofapparent misunderstanding and underlying levels where participants remainfinely tuned in to what is going on, and to extend accommodation and repair notions by, among other things, better recognizing hearers' wies in exchanges. It also introduces a new analytical notion, 'communicative entrepreneurship'. All of this, it argues, helps focus meaningfully on the issues of ideology, power, etc. that most centrally accountfor communication failures. To ignore these issues is, in theoretical terms, to lose descriptive and explanatory adequacy, in practical terms, to divert attention to Symptoms and their correction, and, in moral terms, to legitimize behavior destructive of communication, thereby relieving participants of their all-important responsibility to change it. Mullilingua 10-4 (1991), 345-379 0167-8507/91/0010-0345 $2.00 © Walter de Gruyter, Berlin
European Education, European Citizenship?

1. An unpopular union: In 1993, with the signing of the Treaty on European Union (TEU), a new form of political organization was created. The then twelve member states of the European Communities agreed on building an economic, political, and monetary union on an existing economic community.1 The new political nature of the EU is reflected in article 8 of the TEU, which describes the concept of European citizenship—with accompanying citizens' rights.
A novel family of Ig‐like receptors for HLA class I molecules that modulate function of lymphoid and myeloid cells

We review what is presently known about structure, cellular distribution, biochemical characteristics, and function of a new family of human cell‐surface receptors referred to as immunoglobulin‐like transcripts (ILTs), leukocyte Ig‐like receptors (LIRs), or monocyte/macrophage Ig‐like receptors (MIRs). These receptors are genetically, structurally, and functionally related to a group of natural killer (NK) cell receptors for HLA class I molecules known as killer cell Ig‐like receptors (KIRs). Distinct ILT/LIR/MIR isotypes are differentially expressed on lymphocytes, monocytes, macrophages, dendritic cells, and granulocytes; at least some of them recognize HLA class I molecules. Whereas some isotypes either inhibit or induce cell activation, others may be secreted as soluble receptors. ILT/LIR/MIR receptors may allow all immune cells to monitor class I expression on other cells and to respond in its absence, just as NK cells do. In addition, they may contribute to homeostasis by establishing activation thresholds that can be overcome only by relevant triggering stimuli and not by bystander cells. J. Leukoc. Biol. 66: 375–381; 1999.
Multi-frame super resolution based on sparse representation and matrix completion

Super-resolved reconstruction of images can yield poor results in the absence of extensively-trained dictionaries. A superresolution algorithm is presented which remedies this problem by exploiting recent results from the work on sparse representation and matrix completion. An over-complete dictionary pair is trained using natural image data. Sparse coefficients of low-resolution image patches are estimated using local prior constraints. In multi-frame images, sparse coefficients are similar across frames, and the Inexact Augmented Lagrange Multiplier method is employed to achieve matrix completion and recovery in the process of imposing global constraints. The final high-resolution image is generated from the output low-rank matrix. Experiments reveal that the method yields higher PSNR value than other mainstream SR algorithms, produces perceptibly superior edges and details, and is more robust to dictionary insufficiency.
Genes involved in centrosome-independent mitotic spindle assembly in Drosophila S2 cells

Significance The mitotic spindle, a structure composed primarily of microtubules, guides the segregation of DNA during cell division. In somatic animal cells, centrosomes (microtubule nucleating structures) reside near the mitotic spindle poles. However, germ cells lack centrosomes, and even somatic cells can execute cell division if centrosome function is compromised. This study on Drosophila cells reports a whole-genome RNAi screen for genes involved in spindle assembly in the absence of functional centrosomes. The results show that spindle assembly pathways with and without centrosomes involve an essentially identical set of genes, demonstrating the constitutive nature of centrosome-independent spindle assembly. However, certain gene knockdowns show distinct phenotypes when centrosomes are absent, thus revealing how spindles adapt to the presence or absence of centrosomes. Animal mitotic spindle assembly relies on centrosome-dependent and centrosome-independent mechanisms, but their relative contributions remain unknown. Here, we investigated the molecular basis of the centrosome-independent spindle assembly pathway by performing a whole-genome RNAi screen in Drosophila S2 cells lacking functional centrosomes. This screen identified 197 genes involved in acentrosomal spindle assembly, eight of which had no previously described mitotic phenotypes and produced defective and/or short spindles. All 197 genes also produced RNAi phenotypes when centrosomes were present, indicating that none were entirely selective for the acentrosomal pathway. However, a subset of genes produced a selective defect in pole focusing when centrosomes were absent, suggesting that centrosomes compensate for this shape defect. Another subset of genes was specifically associated with the formation of multipolar spindles only when centrosomes were present. We further show that the chromosomal passenger complex orchestrates multiple centrosome-independent processes required for mitotic spindle assembly/maintenance. On the other hand, despite the formation of a chromosome-enriched RanGTP gradient, S2 cells depleted of RCC1, the guanine-nucleotide exchange factor for Ran on chromosomes, established functional bipolar spindles. Finally, we show that cells without functional centrosomes have a delay in chromosome congression and anaphase onset, which can be explained by the lack of polar ejection forces. Overall, these findings establish the constitutive nature of a centrosome-independent spindle assembly program and how this program is adapted to the presence/absence of centrosomes in animal somatic cells.
Editorial: Avoidance: From Basic Science to Psychopathology

As a means of coping, avoidance encompasses thoughts and efforts toward prevention of future aversive experiences and events. Avoidance has been and remains controversial. Avoidance is accepted as a construct in many areas of research, but is roundly disdained in others. Why is such a critical feature of coping both acknowledged as such, but almost reluctantly studied?