Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Education policy as an act of white supremacy: whiteness, critical race theory and education reform

The paper presents an empirical analysis of education policy in England that is informed by recent developments in US critical theory. In particular, I draw on ‘whiteness studies’ and the application of critical race theory (CRT). These perspectives offer a new and radical way of conceptualizing the role of racism in education. Although the US literature has paid little or no regard to issues outside North America, I argue that a similar understanding of racism (as a multifaceted, deeply embedded, often taken‐for‐granted aspect of power relations) lies at the heart of recent attempts to understand institutional racism in the UK. Having set out the conceptual terrain in the first half of the paper, I then apply this approach to recent changes in the English education system to reveal the central role accorded the defence (and extension) of race inequity. Finally, the paper touches on the question of racism and intentionality: although race inequity may not be a planned and deliberate goal of education policy neither is it accidental. The patterning of racial advantage and inequity is structured in domination and its continuation represents a form of tacit intentionality on the part of white powerholders and policy‐makers. It is in this sense that education policy is an act of white supremacy. Following others in the CRT tradition, therefore, the paper’s analysis concludes that the most dangerous form of ‘white supremacy’ is not the obvious and extreme fascistic posturing of small neo‐nazi groups, but rather the taken‐for‐granted routine privileging of white interests that goes unremarked in the political mainstream.
The Association Study between Mood Disorder Questionnaire and Bipolar Spectrum Disorder in Major Depressive Disorder

ObjectivesZZThis study was performed to evaluate the frequency of bipolar spectrum disorder (BSD) among patients who have been diagnosed with major depressive disorder. In addition, authors assessed the practical usefulness of the Mood Disorder Questionnaire (MDQ) to investigate the frequency of bipolar spectrum disorder in major depressive disorder. MethodsZZThe participants were 70 depressive patients who have never been diagnosed with bipolar disorders. The subjects were interviewed for diagnosis using the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 4th edition, text revision criteria and the Mini-International Neuropsychiatric Interview to exclude bipolar disorders from the subjects. BSD criteria (as defined by Ghae mi, et al. 2002), and Korean version of the Mood Disorder Questionnaire (K-MDQ) was used to investigate their bipolarity. Data were collected including family history of affective disorder, number of previous depressive episode, age of onset, history of suicide attempt, comorbid psychiatric illness, and drug and alcohol use. ResultsZZAmong 70 subjects, 25 patients (35.7%) were classified as having bipolar spectrum dis order on BSD criteria, while other 45 patients (64.3%) as unipolar depression. Among the 25 patients who meet the BSD criteria, 24 patients (34.3%) scored more than 7 and only 1 patient (1.4%) scored less than 6 on K-MDQ. Among the 45 patients who don’t meet BSD criteria, 40 patients (57.1%) scored less than 6 and only 5 patients (7.1%) scored more than 7 on K-MDQ. Early age of onset, recurrent depressive episode, brief depressive episode, bipolar family history, history of suicide attempt, antidepressant induced hypomania, hyperthymic temperament, atypical depressive symptom, psychotic depressive symptom, and antidepressant “wear off” were found to be highly related with MDQ positive subjects and BSD subjects among the depressive subjects. ConclusionZZThe result of this study demonstrates the high frequency of BSD in depressive patients who have never been diagnosed with bipolar disorders. Some BSD criteria can be used to differentiate BSD subjects from the subjects with major depressive disorder. Also these results indicate that K-MDQ is useful for screening of bipolar spectrum disorder. J Korean Neuropsychiatr Assoc 2012;51:291-299
Graph Constraints in Constraint Programming : Weighted Spanning Trees

The recently introduced CP(Graph) framework consists of a constraint solver that allows the programmer to declare variables whose values are graphs and to specify properties that these graphs should have in the form of constraints. The usefulness of graph variables depends on the existence of efficient algorithms to handle the constraints imposed on them. The most important task is filtering, i.e., shrinking the variable domains in order to reduce the search space. In this paper we describe a filtering algorithm for the weight-bounded spanning-tree constraint WBST (G, T, I, W ), which specifies that T is a spanning tree of G whose total weight is at most I, where W is a vector of the edge weights. More generally, we wish to introduce the task of filtering for graph constraints to the algorithms community, and to demonstrate the type of algorithmic challenges that it entails. In a nutshell, the algorithm needs to work with sets of graphs rather than individual graphs and instead of searching for a single solution to the problem at hand, it needs to compute the union and the intersection of all such solutions.
La Vie et l'Oeuvre de Frederic Houssay (1860-1920)

Au mois de septembre 1920, l'Universite, dispersee par les vacances, apprenait avec une douloureuse surprise la mort du Professeur FRaDRIC HOUSSAY : il s'etait eteint le 18, a Lyon, apres une rapide agonie. En lui la Faculte des Sciences de Paris perdait son doyen, les naturalistes de l'Ecole Normale le respecte directeur de leurs etudes, tous ceux qu'attirait a la Sorbonne sa parole elegante et profonde un de leurs maitres les plus seduisants. Bien plus, cette mort portait une irreparable atteinte h la biologie et, on peut le dire, / la pensee pure, car elle brisait la feconde vie d'un savant qui, au long de ses travaux de laboratoire, avait poursuivi les plus hautes speculations sur la nature et la vie et s'6tait eleve jusqu'a la pleine lumiere des sommets de 'esprit.
El trabajador universitario: entre el malestar y la lucha

The crisis of capitalist accumulation has brought changes in the world of work that have also affected the working conditions of professors. In a world increasingly complex and com- petitive, universities are traversed by multiple and conflicting de- mands that have impacts on their workers' health. This paper ana- lyzes the phenomena of precarious work in the teaching profession and its implications for the physical and mental health of university
Remote sensing-based measurement of Living Environment Deprivation: Improving classical approaches with machine learning

This paper provides evidence on the usefulness of very high spatial resolution (VHR) imagery in gathering socioeconomic information in urban settlements. We use land cover, spectral, structure and texture features extracted from a Google Earth image of Liverpool (UK) to evaluate their potential to predict Living Environment Deprivation at a small statistical area level. We also contribute to the methodological literature on the estimation of socioeconomic indices with remote-sensing data by introducing elements from modern machine learning. In addition to classical approaches such as Ordinary Least Squares (OLS) regression and a spatial lag model, we explore the potential of the Gradient Boost Regressor and Random Forests to improve predictive performance and accuracy. In addition to novel predicting methods, we also introduce tools for model interpretation and evaluation such as feature importance and partial dependence plots, or cross-validation. Our results show that Random Forest proved to be the best model with an R2 of around 0.54, followed by Gradient Boost Regressor with 0.5. Both the spatial lag model and the OLS fall behind with significantly lower performances of 0.43 and 0.3, respectively.
Susceptibilities of Mycoplasma hominis, Mycoplasma pneumoniae, and Ureaplasma urealyticum to new glycylcyclines in comparison with those to older tetracyclines

The glycylcyclines are new tetracycline derivatives that include the N,N-dimethylglycylamido derivative of minocycline (DMG-MINO) and the N,N-dimethylglycylamido derivative of 6-demethyl-6-deoxytetracycline (DMG-DMDOT). The susceptibilities of Mycoplasma pneumoniae, Mycoplasma hominis, and Ureaplasma urealyticum to DMG-MINO, DMG-DMDOT, tetracycline, doxycycline, and minocycline were determined by the agar dilution method. The glycylcyclines with MICs at which 50% of the isolates are inhibited of 0.25 to 0.5 micrograms/ml for M. pneumoniae were two- to fourfold more active than tetracycline and had the same activity as minocycline and doxycycline. Tetracycline-susceptible M. hominis strains were four- to eightfold more susceptible to the glycylcyclines (0.12 to 0.25 micrograms/ml) than to tetracycline. Strains of M. hominis known to be resistant to tetracycline, doxycycline, and minocycline because of the tet(M) determinant were as susceptible to the glycylcyclines as the tetracycline-susceptible strains. For tetracycline-susceptible U. urealyticum strains, the glycylcyclines showed the same activity as tetracycline (MICs at which 50% of the isolates are inhibited of 1 to 2 micrograms/ml). Tetracycline-resistant strains of U. urealyticum were resistant to doxycycline and minocycline and showed variable susceptibility to the glycylcyclines (range, 0.5 to 32 micrograms/ml). In view of the increasing resistance of M. hominis and U. urealyticum strains to tetracyclines, the glycylcyclines have promise, pending assessment of their pharmacokinetic and safety profiles.
The discursive constitution of software development

The successful development of software continues to be of central interest, both as an academic topic and in professional practice. Consequently, several software development approaches and methodologies have been developed and promoted over the past decades. However, despite the attention given to the subject and the methodical support available, software development and how it should be practiced continue to be controversial. This thesis examines how beliefs about software development come to be socially established as legitimate, and how they come to constitute software development practices in an organization. It is argued that the emergence of a dominant way of conceiving of and practicing software development is the outcome of power relations that permeate the discursive practices of organizational actors. The theoretical framework of this study is guided by Pierre Bourdieu’s theory of symbolic violence and organizational discourse theory. As a research method, ethnographic research techniques are utilized as part of a case study to gain deep insights into the standardization of software development practices. The research site is the IT division of a large financial services organization and is composed of ten units distributed across eight countries. The tumultuous development of a knowledge management programme intended to institutionalize a standard software development process across the organization’s units provides the case for this research. This thesis answers the call for studies providing detailed accounts of the sociopolitical process by which technically oriented practices are transferred and standardized within organizations. It is submitted that a discourse theoretical approach informed by Bourdieu’s thinking enables us to conceptualize this process in a more meaningful, and theoretically rigorous, manner. In providing this theoretical approach, the thesis seeks to contribute to current research on technology and innovation management, and to offer guidance on some issues concerning the management of the software development process.
Social and cultural barriers to husbands’ involvement in maternal health in rural Gambia

Introduction While many studies have documented a number of socio-cultural barriers to male involvement in maternal health, in The Gambia very little information is known about the social and cultural practices that characterized male involvement in maternal health. This study aims to explore some of the underlying social and cultural factors affecting husbands’ involvement in maternal health issues pertaining to pregnancy and delivery in rural Gambia. Methods Five focus group discussions and six in-depth interviews were conducted among rural men and traditional birth attendants in five areas of rural Gambia. The discussion was directed to the roles of male partners in pregnancy and delivery and the difficulties they face regarding taking care of their wives. The data resulting from the discussion was audio-recorded, transcribed verbatim, and analyzed thematically. Results In general, rural Gambian men and traditional birth attendants (TBAs) reported that husbands’ involvement in maternal health is highly desirable, but is influenced by many factors, such as the traditional conceptualization associated with pregnancy and delivery as women’s domain. In addition, many men do not believe that pregnancy chores warrant their efforts compared to other competing social responsibilities. This issue may be more complicated in polygamous marriages where there is rivalry among co-wives and in neighborhoods where men who help with house chores may be subjected to mockery. Conclusion These findings suggest that husbands’ involvement in maternal health in The Gambia is influenced by the prevailing social and cultural practices of gender role and norms, which are also at the root of maternal health problems.
A Longitudinal Study of the Experience of a Career Development Program for Rural School Students

This study investigated students' experiences of a career development program that was established to foster interest in and aspirations for higher education within high school students residing in rural and isolated areas of Australia. Nine students who participated in the program were interviewed 18 months later to explore their recollections of the experience. Results of the study revealed three themes pertaining to the value of career planning: information, elaboration and confirmation of career thoughts and the social connectedness and positive experience the program provided. It was concluded that the program had a long-term positive impact and that there should be consideration given to exploring the cost-benefit of such programs in terms of university attrition rates.
Role of Quantitative Magnetic Resonance Imaging Parameters in the Evaluation of Treatment Response in Malignant Tumors

Objective:To elaborate the role of quantitative magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) parameters in the evaluation of treatment response in malignant tumors. Data Sources:Data cited in this review were obtained mainly from PubMed in English from 1999 to 2014, with keywords “dynamic contrast-enhanced (DCE)-MRI,” “diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI),” “microcirculation,” “apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC),” “treatment response” and “oncology. ” Study Selection:Articles regarding principles of DCE-MRI, principles of DWI, clinical applications as well as opportunity and aspiration were identified, retrieved and reviewed. Results:A significant correlation between ADC values and treatment response was reported in most DWI studies. Most quantitative DCE-MRI studies showed a significant correlation between Ktrans values and treatment response. However, in different tumors and studies, both high and low pretreatment ADC or Ktrans values were found to be associated with response rate. Both DCE-MRI and DWI demonstrated changes in their parameters hours to days after treatment, showing a decrease in Ktrans or an increase in ADC associated with response in most cases. Conclusions:Combinations of quantitative MRI play an important role in the evaluation of treatment response of malignant tumors and hold promise for use as a cancer treatment response biomarker. However, validation is hampered by the lack of reproducibility and standardization. MRI acquisition protocols and quantitative image analysis approaches should be properly addressed prior to further testing the clinical use of quantitative MRI parameters in the assessment of treatments.
Cerebral Oxygen Saturation and Blood Flow During Liver Transplantation

After reperfusion of a liver graft, transcranial Doppler determined middle cerebral artery flow velocity, increases more than expected from the arterial carbon dioxide tension (PaCO2). We evaluated if this indication of cerebral hyperperfusion is reflected in the jugular oxygen saturation (SjO2) (n = 31) and oxygen saturation (ScO2) (near-infrared spectrophotometry, n = 22). From the dissection phase to the anhepatic phase SjO2 71.0% (range 62.3%-78.5%), ScO2 70% (range 65%-77%), and PaCO2 34.9 mm Hg (range 30.8-38.3) remained statistically unchanged. In contrast, during the early reperfusion phase, SjO2 increased to 77.0% (71.4%-83.0%) (P < 0.01) and the SCO2 to 75% (68%-80%) (P < 0.05) as PaCO2 increased to 37.5 mm Hg (34.8-41.9) (P < 0.001). Notably, SjO2 also increased at reperfusion from 71.6% (66.5%-78.0% mm Hg) to 80.0% (76.8%-84.8%) in the four patients in whom PaCO2 decreased at reperfusion from 37.6 mm Hg (36.8-39.5) to 34.0 mm Hg (32.3-36.8). If the changes in SjO2 after reperfusion of the grafted liver should be explained as a reflection of changes in cerebral blood flow, in response to PaCO2, it would indicate a highly accentuated CO2 reactivity of 13%/mm Hg. The results support that cerebral blood flow and, in turn, oxygenation increase after reperfusion because the grafted liver liberates a vasodilating substance(s). (Anesth Analg 1997;84:730-3)
A torque-actuated dissipative spring loaded inverted pendulum model with rolling contact and its use as the template for design and dynamic behavior generation on a hexapod robot

We report on a model-based approach for robot design and its dynamic motion generation. A new torque-actuated dissipative spring loaded inverted pendulum model with rolling contact (TDR-SLIP) is proposed to serve as the motion template for the robot. It is a successor to a previously developed spring loaded inverted pendulum model with rolling contact (R-SLIP) model but with embedded energy flow, which has better mapping to empirical robots. The stability properties of the TDR-SLIP model are analyzed, and its stable motion trajectory is implemented on the robot as the control guidance. The robot leg is developed according to the morphology and function of the TDR-SLIP leg, which acts as the design guidance. The proposed model-based approach is experimentally evaluated and finds that the robot is able to exhibit running behavior with various speeds and leg mechanics settings.
Comparison and assessment of semi-automatic image segmentation in computed tomography scans for image-guided kidney surgery.

PURPOSE Image segmentation is integral to implementing intraoperative guidance for kidney tumor resection. Results seen in computed tomography (CT) data are affected by target organ physiology as well as by the segmentation algorithm used. This work studies variables involved in using level set methods found in the Insight Toolkit to segment kidneys from CT scans and applies the results to an image guidance setting. METHODS A composite algorithm drawing on the strengths of multiple level set approaches was built using the Insight Toolkit. This algorithm requires image contrast state and seed points to be identified as input, and functions independently thereafter, selecting and altering method and variable choice as needed. RESULTS Semi-automatic results were compared to expert hand segmentation results directly and by the use of the resultant surfaces for registration of intraoperative data. Direct comparison using the Dice metric showed average agreement of 0.93 between semi-automatic and hand segmentation results. Use of the segmented surfaces in closest point registration of intraoperative laser range scan data yielded average closest point distances of approximately 1 mm. Application of both inverse registration transforms from the previous step to all hand segmented image space points revealed that the distance variability introduced by registering to the semi-automatically segmented surface versus the hand segmented surface was typically less than 3 mm both near the tumor target and at distal points, including subsurface points. CONCLUSIONS Use of the algorithm shortened user interaction time and provided results which were comparable to the gold standard of hand segmentation. Further, the use of the algorithm's resultant surfaces in image registration provided comparable transformations to surfaces produced by hand segmentation. These data support the applicability and utility of such an algorithm as part of an image guidance workflow.
A high performance linear current mode image sensor

A new linear current mode image sensor is proposed in this paper. The proposed circuit features high linearity, low power consumption, programmable multiple gain stages, wide input swing and correlated double sampling (CDS) technology. The signal swing of the linear current mode sensor is enhanced by the proposed multiple gain readout structure. A simple and accurate front-end programmable gain structure is proposed to improve the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) with low power consumption. The function and performance has been verified by HSPICE simulation of 0.18um 3T sensor process.
The Effects of Collaboration and System Transparency on CIVE Usage: An Empirical Study and Model

We present an empirical study in which we investigated group versus individual performance with collaborative information-visualization environments (CIVEs), the effects of system transparency on users' performance, and the effects of different collaborative settings on CIVE usage. Subjects searched for findings with CIVEs, working either alone, in a collocated dyad using a shared electronic whiteboard, or in a remote dyad using application sharing. Groups answered more questions correctly and took less time with the more transparent CIVE than groups using the less transparent CIVE. We interpret our results to mean that groups have better self-corrective abilities when the system is transparent. We present a stage model to explain the collaborative process of using CIVEs, which accounts for task type, collaborative setting, and system transparency.
Location Cluster with Nearest Neighbors in Signal Space : An Implementation in Mobile Service Discovery and Tracking

A rapid development in mobile telecommunication is the use of location information for context aware service. To amalgamate multiple location sensor technologies, we developed an Intelligent Service Area and Region Identification System (iSARIS) to allocate system resource for mobile service discovery and tracking. Primary location service is provided by cell identification which maps a wide region of physical space. A switching module toggles a secondary localization service within the interest space. This service provides additional localization performance through Wi-Fi pattern mapping to further segment smart spaces where independent providers can offer their mobile services. The technique uses location cluster to minimize search boundary through the use of an enhanced Nearest Neighbor in Signal