Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Cognitive control reduces sensitivity to relational aggression among adolescent girls

Relational aggression is a type of aggression that aims to hurt others through relationships and includes behaviors such as gossip and ostracism. This type of aggression is very common among adolescent girls, and in its more intense forms has been linked with poor psychosocial outcomes, including depression and suicide. In the present study we investigated whether individual differences in sensitivity to relational aggression among adolescent girls predicted recruitment of neural networks associated with executive function and cognitive control. Neural response was measured using functional magnetic resonance imaging during an affect recognition task that included unfamiliar peer faces. A finding of relatively fewer reports of being victimized by relational aggression was associated with increased recruitment of bilateral dorsolateral prefrontal cortices as well as anterior and posterior cingulate cortices in response to the affect recognition task, as well as with greater competence on behavioral measures of executive function. Our results suggest that girls who are able to recruit specific frontal networks to improve cognitive and executive control are less sensitive to relational aggression.
[Adenosine triphosphate-binding gene messenger ribonucleic acid expression in brains of drug-resistant epileptics].

OBJECTIVE To explore the expression of ATP (adenosine triphosphate)-binding gene mRNA (messenger ribonucleic acid) in brain tissues of patients with drug-resistant epilepsy and understand their biological characteristics. METHODS The postoperative brain tissues were collected randomly from 40 patients with drug-refractory epilepsy. Based on the expected results of complementary DNA (cDNA) microarray, reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) was used to evaluate ATP-binding gene mRNA expression in brain tissues of 40 patients with drug-resistant epilepsy and 8 normal controls. RESULTS As compared with 8 normal control cases, the candidate genes of ATP-binding mRNA were higherly expressed in the brain tissues of patients with drug-resistant epilepsy. The rates of Cy5/Cy3 were CDC2L5 2.159, ROCK1 2.538, STCH 2.106, OXSR1 3.791 and ABCB6 2.583 respectively. And the results of RT-PCR corresponded with those of cDNA chip. CONCLUSION The significant neuronal up-regulation of ATP-binding gene mRNA suggests that abnormal energy metabolism exist in brain tissues of patients with drug-resistant epilepsy. And the apoptosis of neurons and synaptic plasticity caused by abnormal energy metabolism may play an important role in the occurrence and development of patients with drug-resistant epilepsy.
Alzheimer Disease Assessment Scale: A Subtest Analysis

SummaryThe Alzheimer Disease Assessment Scale (ADAS) was administered to 61 Alzheimer patients, 52 elderly controls, and 80 controls between age 7 and 54 years. The Alzheimer group was categorized into different severity levels of dementia based on MMSE scores: very mild (≥ 24), mild (≥20), moderate (10–19), and severe (0–9). All 11 ADAS Cognitive subtest scores for the mild, moderate, and severe dementia groups were statistically worse than the elderly control group. This was also the case for the very mild group, except for Naming, Commands, Constructional Praxis, and Ideational Praxis. In terms of magnitude of effect, memory and spontaneous language items were the earliest indicators on the ADAS, while praxis, commands, and naming items were only sensitive later in the course of the disorder. The best single indicators of progression throughout the severity continuum of dementia (i.e., from normal to severe) were the Orientation subtest, the ADAS Cognitive score, and the ADAS Total score. The ADAS Noncognitive subtests generally did not show the progression with increasing dementia that was evident on the ADAS Cognitive subtests. Differences in educational level had no statistically significant effects on any of the ADAS subtest scores, and age differences were few and small in magnitude. The differential rate of decline of the various ADAS subtests appears to reflect both the changing pattern of cognitive impairments as a function of severity of DAT and also to some extent the psychometric limitations of some of the subtests.
Pacing Adjustments Associated With Familiarization: Heat Versus Temperate Environments.

PURPOSE To describe the effect of the initial perceptual experience from heat familiarization on the pacing profile during a freepaced endurance time trial (TT) compared with temperate conditions. METHODS Two groups of well-trained triathletes performed two 20-km TTs in either hot (35°C and 50% relative humidity [RH], n = 12) or temperate (21°C and 50% RH, n = 22) conditions, after standardization of training for each group before both trials. To ensure no physiological acclimation differences between conditions, the TTs for both groups were separated by 11 ± 4 d. RESULTS Performance improvement in the heat (11 ± 24 W) from the 1st to 2nd trial appeared comparable to that in temperate conditions (8 ± 14 W, P = .67). However, the specific alteration in pacing profile in the heat was markedly different than temperate conditions, with a change from "positive" to an "even" pacing strategy. CONCLUSIONS Altered perceptions of heat during heat familiarization, rather than physiological acclimatization per se, may mediate initial changes in pacing and TT performance in the heat. These results highlight the need for athletes without time for sufficient heat acclimatization to familiarize themselves with hot conditions to reduce the uncertainty from behavior-based outcomes that may impede performance.
Coordination control of dual-arm robot based on modeled predictive control

This paper presents a master-slave force hybrid coordinated motion control method which is based on the model predictive control (MPC) algorithm. In the paper, the kinematics model of the dual 6-DOF arms is build. Six axis force sensors are installed at the ends of the two arms, the master arm adopts the position control method and the based on the model predictive control algorithm DMC theory force/position hybrid control method is adopted in the slave arm. According to the kinematic model of the dual-arms, the end pose and joint angle rule conversion library is established, and the motion prediction model of the manipulator also is established. By using these models, the slave arm can acquire the position and direction of the master arm synchronously, and the current end position of the master arm is also used as the reference input value of the end position of the slave arm. The rotation operation sequence of the joint angle rule conversion library predicted model and end pose apply to the joint motor, drive the end of the robot arm to move to the target position. After doing these we could synchronously realize position tracking. In our experiment the current position tracking could be realized through the simulation analysis of six degree of freedom dual arm robot.
Motion sickness in migraine sufferers

Motion sickness commonly occurs after exposure to actual motion, such as car or amusement park rides, or virtual motion, such as panoramic movies. Motion sickness symptoms may be disabling, significantly limiting business, travel and leisure activities. Motion sickness occurs in ~ 50% of migraine sufferers. Understanding motion sickness in migraine patients may improve understanding of the physiology of both conditions. Recent literature suggests important relationships between the trigeminal system and vestibular nuclei that may have implications for both motion sickness and migraine. Studies demonstrating an important relationship between serotonin receptors and motion sickness susceptibility in both rodents and humans suggest possible new motion sickness prevention therapies.
A New Transient Attack on the Kish Key Distribution System

The Kish Key Distribution (KKD) system has been proposed as a classical alternative to quantum key distribution, making use of temperature-matched thermal noise. Previous analyses assume instant propagation of signals along the cable connecting the two users. We describe a new attack that takes an advantage of propagation delays. At the start of each bit period, the noise temperature will then be increased from zero to its final value. During this process, the noise temperature variation will take time to propagate along the line, resulting in a temperature mismatch. We analyze the information leak due to this effect and consider several potential mitigation schemes.
Accurate Position Estimation of SRM Based on Optimal Interval Selection and Linear Regression Analysis

This paper proposes a novel accurate position estimation method for switched reluctance machine (SRM). The method requires only the flux-linkage characteristics at two particular rotor positions, which can be conveniently measured by the torque-balanced method. The interval which takes these two positions as endpoints is selected as the optimal interval due to the good linearity between the flux linkage and position and the low sensitivity to the errors of the flux linkage. The positions in the optimal interval are obtained by the linear flux-linkage model, and the positions that do not lie in this interval are estimated by the monadic linear regression analysis (MLRA). Furthermore, the rotational speed is also estimated based on MLRA. The accuracy of the proposed method is verified by detailed simulation and experiment under different operating conditions such as angle position control and current chopping control.
A Review and Database of Snake Venom Proteomes

Advances in the last decade combining transcriptomics with established proteomics methods have made possible rapid identification and quantification of protein families in snake venoms. Although over 100 studies have been published, the value of this information is increased when it is collated, allowing rapid assimilation and evaluation of evolutionary trends, geographical variation, and possible medical implications. This review brings together all compositional studies of snake venom proteomes published in the last decade. Compositional studies were identified for 132 snake species: 42 from 360 (12%) Elapidae (elapids), 20 from 101 (20%) Viperinae (true vipers), 65 from 239 (27%) Crotalinae (pit vipers), and five species of non-front-fanged snakes. Approximately 90% of their total venom composition consisted of eight protein families for elapids, 11 protein families for viperines and ten protein families for crotalines. There were four dominant protein families: phospholipase A2s (the most common across all front-fanged snakes), metalloproteases, serine proteases and three-finger toxins. There were six secondary protein families: cysteine-rich secretory proteins, l-amino acid oxidases, kunitz peptides, C-type lectins/snaclecs, disintegrins and natriuretic peptides. Elapid venoms contained mostly three-finger toxins and phospholipase A2s and viper venoms metalloproteases, phospholipase A2s and serine proteases. Although 63 protein families were identified, more than half were present in <5% of snake species studied and always in low abundance. The importance of these minor component proteins remains unknown.
Fire-heat and Qi deficiency syndromes as predictors of short-term prognosis of acute ischemic stroke.

OBJECTIVES To explore the relationships between traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) syndromes and disease severity and prognoses after ischemic stroke, such as neurologic deficits and decline in activities of daily living (ADLs). METHODS The study included 211 patients who met the inclusion criteria of acute ischemic stroke based on clinical manifestations, computed tomography or magnetic resonance imaging findings, and onset of ischemic stroke within 72 hours with clear consciousness. To assess neurologic function and ADLs in patients with different TCM syndromes, the TCM Syndrome Differentiation Diagnostic Criteria for Apoplexy scale (containing assessments of wind, phlegm, blood stasis, fire-heat, qi deficiency, and yin deficiency with yang hyperactivity syndromes) was used within 72 hours of stroke onset, and Western medicine-based National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS) and Barthel Index (BI) assessments were performed at both admission and discharge. RESULTS The most frequent TCM syndromes associated with acute ischemic stroke were wind syndrome, phlegm syndrome, and blood stasis syndrome. Improvement according to the BI at discharge and days of admission were significantly different between patients with and those without fire-heat syndrome. Patients with qi deficiency syndrome had longer hospital stays and worse NIHSS and BI assessments at discharge than patients without qi deficiency syndrome. All the reported differences reached statistical significance. CONCLUSIONS These results provide evidence that fire-heat syndrome and qi deficiency syndrome are essential elements that can predict short-term prognosis of acute ischemic stroke.
Deconstruction of O‐glycosylation—GalNAc‐T isoforms direct distinct subsets of the O‐glycoproteome

GalNAc‐type O‐glycosylation is found on most proteins trafficking through the secretory pathway in metazoan cells. The O‐glycoproteome is regulated by up to 20 polypeptide GalNAc‐Ts and the contributions and biological functions of individual GalNAc‐Ts are poorly understood. Here, we used a zinc‐finger nuclease (ZFN)‐directed knockout strategy to probe the contributions of the major GalNAc‐Ts (GalNAc‐T1 and GalNAc‐T2) in liver cells and explore how the GalNAc‐T repertoire quantitatively affects the O‐glycoproteome. We demonstrate that the majority of the O‐glycoproteome is covered by redundancy, whereas distinct subsets of substrates are modified by non‐redundant functions of GalNAc‐T1 and GalNAc‐T2. The non‐redundant O‐glycoproteome subsets and specific transcriptional responses for each isoform are related to different cellular processes; for the GalNAc‐T2 isoform, these support a role in lipid metabolism. The results demonstrate that GalNAc‐Ts have different non‐redundant glycosylation functions, which may affect distinct cellular processes. The data serves as a comprehensive resource for unique GalNAc‐T substrates. Our study provides a new view of the differential regulation of the O‐glycoproteome, suggesting that the plurality of GalNAc‐Ts arose to regulate distinct protein functions and cellular processes.
Age‐associated differences in the inhibition of mitochondrial permeability transition pore opening by cyclosporine A

Background: Inhibiting mitochondrial permeability transition pore (mPTP) opening is a key protection of the myocardium from ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury. Here, we investigated age‐associated differences in the ability of cyclosporine A (CsA) to protect the heart and to modulate mPTP opening during I/R injury in vivo and its opening induced by reactive oxygen species (ROS) in vitro.
A Word-List from South Carolina

Dialect is generally understood to be at variance with standard English, and therefore to be avoided. This natural attitude on the part of the public needs to be tempered with some understand­ ing of the fact that standard usage today is not what it was fifty years ago, nor what it will be fifty years hence, and that what was and what will be ib represented in large part by dialect. Public interest can therefore be evoked by an explanation of some of the changes that language has undergone. The excellent article of Professor George P. Wilson, “The Value of Dialect,” PADS, No. 11, pp. 38-59, carries the message which should be made known as widely as possible to the public. There is our raison d’etre, the justification of our labors, well suited to overcome any prejudice against dialect on the part of the public. However, as we cannot assume that the general public is familiar with this article, we must in a newspaper campaign bring that message and disarm a very real prejudice against words and ex­ pressions that are not standard. Shakespeare is a name to conjure with in this connection. Many South Carolinians pronounce the word character with the accent on the second syllable. Learned people smile at that. But the smile is at least more tolerant and less scornful when one remembers that the Bard of Avon did so too. We can explain certain observable peculiarities in our speech out of the early history of our language. The well known change from the Germanic au to the Anglo-Saxon ea seems still to be in the bloodstream of the latter day Anglo-Saxons. You hear them say today: “I ’m going de-an te-an [down town]. ” In a similar way we can throw light upon the persistent use of ah for I, the backward shift of the accent as in invite, entire, etc., the pronouns hit, ’em, etc. Scores of similar illustrations can be used to bring the public to realize that dialect is a part of our heritage as well as is standard usage. Wide public interest is necessary if collection is to be approxi­
Regime-Dependent Relationships among Stock Markets in Frankfurt, Vienna and Warsaw

This paper analyzes short-run relationships between German, Austrian and Polish stock market indices using the Markov Switching VAR (MSVAR) model. The impulse response function is used as the main tool and reveals two market phases. The results are useful for investors; reactions to disturbances are complex and depend on the market phase and the considered pair of variables. There is also a theoretical analysis of the MSVAR model. The theoretical unconditional characteristics of the process driven by the MSVAR model are presented along with calculation techniques which can be applied to other models.
The limited reliability of physical signs for estimating hemodynamics in chronic heart failure.

The cardiovascular physical examination is used commonly as a basis for diagnosis and therapy in chronic heart failure, although the relationship between physical signs, increased ventricular filling pressure, and decreased cardiac output has not been established for this population. We prospectively compared physical signs with hemodynamic measurements in 50 patients with known chronic heart failure (ejection fraction, .18 +/- .06). Rales, edema, and elevated mean jugular venous pressure were absent in 18 of 43 patients with pulmonary capillary wedge pressures greater than or equal to 22 mm Hg, for which the combination of these signs had 58% sensitivity and 100% specificity. Proportional pulse pressure correlated well with cardiac index (r = .82), and when less than 25% pulse pressure had 91% sensitivity and 83% specificity for a cardiac index less than 2.2 L/min/m2. In chronic heart failure, reliance on physical signs for elevated ventricular filling pressure might result in inadequate therapy. Conversely, the adequacy of cardiac output is assessed reliably by pulse pressure. Our results facilitate decisions regarding treatment in chronic heart failure.
Working Paper - WP/12/01- No-Arbitrage One-Factor Models of the South African Term-Structure of Interest Rates

Abstract​ Short-term interest rate processes determine the term-structure of interest rates in an arbitrage-free market, and are central to the valuation of interest-rate derivatives. We obtain parameter estimates and compare the empirical fit of alternative one-factor continuous-time processes for the South African short-term interest rate (and hence of arbitrage-free term-structure models), using Gaussian estimation methods. We find support only for diffusions where the interest rate volatility is moderately sensitive to the level of the interest rate – with particularly clear results after the adoption of inflation targeting. Other common models with restrictions that either preclude this effect, or restrict it to be too high, do not fit the data. Differences in the specification of the drift function have no evident effect on model performance.
Empirical Models of Exchange-Rate Determination: Picking Up the Pieces

This paper takes as its starting point the recent empirical literature on exchange rate determination. Not only have monetary models failed to explain short-run exchange-rate movements, but there is evidence of non-stationary drift of exchange rates in relation to the course predicted by the monetary model. In this paper, a simple theoretical model is presented which is a variant of the familiar IS-LM model with gradual adjustment of prices. It is shown that this model predicts dynamic behavior of exchange rates and ether related variables which is qualitatively similar to the behavior found in recent empirical studies, but is unlike the behavior implied by monetary models of the exchange rate.
A spine frame for intra-operative fixation to increase accuracy in spinal navigation and robotics

Objective: Intra-operative movements due to mechanical ventilation or manipulations are a limiting factor for accurate spinal navigation or robotic-assisted spinal surgery. The purpose of this study was to assess the accuracy of an intra-operative spinal fixation device in an experimental setup. Materials and Methods: We developed a fixation device, attached to the operating table, that combines soft tissue retraction with spinal process fixation. Using a lumbar spine cadaver, tightness of fixation was evaluated using two measurement systems. Accuracy measurements using changes in spatial co-ordinates of implanted reference markers were performed in three segments, following different manipulations of the spine. In addition, for intra-operative movements of the spine during mechanical ventilation, the range of motion was determined in 10 patients during lumbar interbody fusion. Results: The spine frame was easy to use and did not restrict screw insertion. Mean deviations of the markers' in all segments were measured at between 0.35 and 0.8 mm, following pedicle screw insertion and lateral traction. Intra-operative range of motion of the spine was measured with a mean value of 8.7 ± 3.3 mm. Conclusion: Using our spine frame, a rigid fixation following manipulation of the spine was demonstrated. By overcoming the intra-operative movement-dependent inaccuracy, safety in navigated spine surgery and robotic-assisted procedures might be improved.