Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The motion of ellipsoidal particles immersed in a viscous fluid

In both physical and biological science, we are often concerned with the properties of a fluid, or plasma, in which small particles or corpuscles are suspended and carried about by the motion of the fluid. The presence of the particles will influence the properties of the suspension in bulk, and, in particular, its viscosity will be increased. The most complete mathematical treatment of the problem, from this point of view, has been that given by Einstein, who considered the case of spherical particles and gave a simple formula for the increase in the viscosity. We have extended this work to the case of particles of ellipsoidal shape. The second section of the paper is occupied with the requisite solution of the equations of motion of the fluid. The problem of the motion of a viscous fluid, due to an ellipsoid moving through it with a small velocity of translation in a direction parallel to one of its axes, has been solved by Oberbeck, and the corresponding problem for an ellipsoid rotating about one of its axes by Edwards. In both cases the equations of motion are approximated by neglecting the terms involving the squares of the velocities. It may be seen, a posteriori , that the condition for the validity of this approximation is that the product of the velocity of the ellipsoid by its linear dimensions shall be small compared with the “kinematic coefficient, of viscosity” of the fluid. In relation to our present problem, it will therefore be satisfied either for sufficiently slow motions, or for sufficiently small particles.
Assessment of hypolipidemic and anti‐inflammatory properties of walnut (Juglans regia) seed coat extract and modulates some metabolic enzymes activity in triton WR‐1339‐induced hyperlipidemia in rat kidney, liver, and heart

Atherosclerosis and cognitive impairment are both influenced by hyperlipidemia. Due to their high margin of safety and low cost, natural chemicals have recently attracted particular attention in the context of the treatment of disease. Hence, the purpose of this study was to investigate the possible amendatory impact of ethanol extract walnut (Juglans regia) seed coat (E‐WSC) on some metabolic enzymes (glutathione reductase (GR), paraoxonase‐1 (PON1), aldose reductase (AR), sorbitol dehydrogenase (SDH), acetylcholinesterase (AChE), glutathione S‐transferase (GST), and butyrylcholinesterase (BChE)) activity in the liver, kidney, and heart of rats with Triton WR‐1339‐induced hyperlipidemia. Rats were divided into five groups: control group, HL‐Control group (Triton WR‐1339 400 mg/kg, i.p administered group), E‐ WSC + 150 (150 mg/kg,o.d given group), E‐ WSC + 300 (E‐ WSC 300 mg/kg, o.d given group) and HL+ E‐WSC + 300 (Group receiving E‐ WSC 300 mg/kg, o.d 30 min prior to administration of Triton WR‐1339 400 mg/kg, i.p). In HL‐Control, AR, SDH, and BChE enzyme activity was significantly increased in all tissues compared to the control, while the activity of other studied enzymes was significantly decreased. The effects of hyperlipidemia on balance were improved and alterations in the activity of the investigated metabolic enzymes were prevented by E‐WSC. As a result, promising natural compounds that can be used as adjuvant therapy in the treatment of cognitive disorders and hyperlipidemia may be found in E‐WSC powder.
Tangent bundle and indicatrix bundle of a Finsler manifold

Let F m ¼ ð M ; F Þ be a Finsler manifold and G be the Sasaki-Finsler metric on TM (cid:1) . We show that the curvature tensor ﬁeld of the Levi-Civita connection on ð TM (cid:1) ; G Þ is completely determined by the curvature tensor ﬁeld of Vra˘nceanu connection and some adapted tensor ﬁelds on TM (cid:1) . Then we prove that ð TM (cid:1) ; G Þ is locally symmetric if and only if F m is locally Euclidean. Also, we show that the ﬂag curvature of the Finsler manifold F m is determined by some sectional curvatures of the Riemannian manifold ð TM (cid:1) ; G Þ . Finally, for any c 0 0 we introduce the c -indicatrix bundle IM ð c Þ and obtain new and simple characterizations of F m of constant ﬂag curvature c by means of geometric objects on both IM ð c Þ and ð TM (cid:1) ; G Þ .
New Methods of Decision Making Under Uncertainty

The classical formula of certainty equivalent is reconsidered. Based on a modified proof of the original formula several alternative methods are derived with different orders of magnitude of their errors. This new method is then compared with the classical formula in a computer study showing the advantage of the new approach. Practical applications are also outlined to illustrate the methodology.
Determination of thermal focal length and pumping radius in gain medium in laser-diode-pumped Nd:YVO4 lasers

A method to determine the focal length of a thermal lens and pumping laser beam waist in the gain medium in laser-diode-pumped solid-state lasers is presented. This method, using resonator transform circle theory, is both simple and reliable. The measured focal length of the thermal lens is used to calculate the beam waist of pumping laser inside the gain medium. The effect of the thermal lens on the output power is also measured and analyzed.
Multifunctional all‐polymer photovoltaic blend with simultaneously improved efficiency (18.04%), stability and mechanical durability

One of the most appealing material systems for solar energy conversion is all‐polymer blend. Presently, the three key merits (power conversion efficiency, operation stability and mechanical robustness) exhibited a trade‐off in a particular all‐polymer blend system, which greatly limit its commercial application. Diverting the classic ternary tactic of organic solar cells based on polymer, nonfullerene small molecule and fullerene, herein we demonstrate that the three merits of a benchmark all‐polymer blend PM6:PY‐IT can be simultaneously maximized via the introduction of a polymerized fullerene derivative PPCBMB. Importantly, the addition of the guest component promoted the power conversion efficiency of PM6:PY‐IT blend from 16.59% to 18.04%. Meanwhile, the device stability and film ductility are also improved due to the addition of this polymerized fullerene material. Morphology and device physics analyses reveal that optimal ternary system contains well‐maintained molecular packing and crystallinity, being beneficial to keeping favorable charge transport and the reduced domain size contributed to charge generation and ductility improvement. Furthermore, the ternary photovoltaic blend was successfully used as photocatalysts, and an excellent heavy metal removal from water was demonstrated. This study showcases the multi‐functions of all‐polymer blends via the use of polymerized fullerenes.
Limits of imaging resolution for atomic force microscopy of molecules

The imaging resolution of an atomic force microscope operating in contact with a Langmuir–Blodgett (LB) film is predicted as a function of applied force, tip radius, adhesive force, and tip and film properties. The elastic modulus and the hardness of the LB film were measured using a nanoindenter and the imaging resolution is predicted using both a simple Hertzian elastic analysis and one that includes adhesive forces between the tip and the sample. For a small applied force (<1 nN) the resolution improves sharply as the tip radius and the adhesive force decrease. The onset of inelastic deformation, however, limits the resolution of the sharpest tips.
Fourier Transforms in Spectroscopy

I MATHEMATICAL FUNDAMENTALS: Basic Definitions General Properties of Fourier Transforms Discrete Fourier Transforms Fast Fourier Transforms Laplace and Other Integral Transforms II SPECTRAL APPLICATIONS: Fourier Transform Spectroscopy Fourier Transform Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) Spectrometry FT Ion Cyclotron Resonance Mass Spectrometry Diffraction and Fourier Transform Uncertainty Principle Signal Processing Fourier Self-Deconvolution Linear Prediction.
An Encoder-Based Relative Attitude Observation Method for Self-Calibration in Dual-Axis RINS

This article investigates an encoder-based relative attitude observation method for self-calibration in a dual-axis rotational inertial navigation system (RINS). First, the calibration error of the gyroscope parameters caused by the velocity and position observations in systematic calibration is analyzed. Second, a relative attitude observation method utilizing photoelectric encoders for gyroscope parameter estimation is proposed. We apply the proposed method in our designed dual-axis RINS to verify its effectiveness in this article. Experimental results show that the calibration accuracy of the gyroscope can be improved to 0.0005$^ \circ \text{/h}$ in bias, and 0.98 ppm in scale factor using the proposed method. The proposed self-calibration method can be utilized as a high-accuracy self-calibration method in the dual-axis RINS when the vehicle is in static condition.
Antibody responses to COVID‐19 vaccination in people with obesity: A systematic review and meta‐analysis

COVID‐19 vaccine is critical in preventing SARS‐CoV‐2 infection and transmission. However, obesity's effect on immune responses to COVID‐19 vaccines is still unknown. We performed a meta‐analysis of the literature and compared antibody responses with COVID‐19 vaccines among persons with and without obesity. We used Pubmed, Embase, Web of Science, and Cochrane Library to identify all related studies up to April 2022. The Stata.14 software was used to analyze the selected data. Eleven studies were included in the present meta‐analysis. Five of them provided absolute values of antibody titers in the obese group and non‐obese group. Overall, we found that the obese population was significantly associated with lower antibody titers (standardized mean difference [SMD] = −0.228, 95% CI [−0.437, −0.019], P < 0.001) after COVID‐19 vaccination. Significant heterogeneity was present in most pooled analyses but was reduced after subgroup analyses. No publication bias was observed in the present analysis. The Trim and Fill method did not change the results in the primary analysis. The present meta‐analysis suggested that obesity was significantly associated with decreased antibody responses to SARS‐CoV‐2 vaccines. Future studies should be performed to unravel the mechanism of response to the COVID‐19 vaccine in obese individuals.
Partial cotilting modules and the lattices induced by them

We study a duality between (infinitely generated) cotilting and tilting modules over an arbitrary ring. Dualizing a result of Bongartz, we show that a module P is partial cotilting iff P is a direct summand of a cotilting module C such that the left Ext-orthogonal class ⊥P coincides with ⊥C. As an application, we characterize all cotilting torsion-free classes. Each partial cotilting module P defines a lattice L = [Cogen P1P] of torsion-free classes. Similarly, each partial tilting module P′ defines a lattice L′ = [[Gen P′,P′⊥]] of torsion classes. Generalizing a result of Assem and Kerner, we show that the elements of L are determined by their Rejp-torsion parts, and the elements of L′ by their Trp-torsion-free parts.
The leadership style and motivation of women council candidates in regional New South Wales, Australia: a heuristic inquiry

The women who aspire to the role of a local government councillor in rural and regional areas of Australia are still breaking new ground. This paper presents research findings, by a woman who stood for election, concerning some of the barriers women face in achieving public leadership in regional and rural local governments (‘councils’). It explores the motivation and leadership styles of six women candidates campaigning in two neighbouring all-male councils in regional New South Wales in 2017. The study used heuristic inquiry in which the researcher and participants share a personal lived experience of the issues being studied. Heuristic inquiry allowed for an intimate and creative presentation of the research. Key findings were that gender disparity was not a significant motivator for five of the six women. The main motivator was service to their community with all six women favouring a servant leader style.
Electrically pumped continuous-wave vertical-cavity surface-emitting lasers at ∼2.6 μm

In this paper, electrically pumped GaSb-based vertical-cavity surface-emitting lasers operating continuous wave at a record long emission wavelength of ∼2.6 μm are presented. Owing to the excellent thermal heat management, the devices exhibit single-mode operation up to a heat-sink temperature of 55 °C. Lateral current confinement and index guiding in the device are accomplished by utilizing the buried tunnel junction concept. Devices with aperture diameters of 6 μm show maximum output powers of 0.3 mW at room temperature with quantum efficiencies around 10%.
Benzophenone doped polydimethylsiloxane: self developable composite resist system for its use in a direct write laser lithography application

This paper reports a benzophenone doped polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) composite resist system, for micro patterning using direct write laser lithography for its use in lab-on-chip (LOC) applications. A 248 nm excimer laser with a 20 ns pulse width is used for microfabrication of doped-PDMS. The effect of two major aspects viz. resist composition and laser processing parameters on the quality of fabricated microstructures is studied and optimized. The lithographic analysis reveals that the doped-PDMS shows self developable sensitivity at lower threshold fluence, 250 mJ cm−2. The optimized composition ratio 10: 1: 0.3 (wt%) of the PDMS monomer: curing agent: Benzophenone (P:C:B) is used for processing and analysis. Comprehensive analysis on the effect of laser ablation parameters (fluence, frequency and number of laser pulses) on etching performance (etch rate, geometry of micropattern and quality of surface) is presented. Increase in etch rate with fluence (250–650 mJ cm−2) is observed and considered to be in a working range. Simultaneously, increase in surface roughness as a function of fluence >650 mJ cm−2 is observed which can be associated with rapid rise in the photothermal decomposition of the composite resist. However pulse repetition rate (PRR) at 1, 5 and 10 Hz does not offer any significant effect on etch rate. The surface quality at a higher PRR is deprived due to redeposition of ablated material which concludes 1 Hz as a suitable working frequency. The deterioration of surface quality with increasing PRR is associated with the formation of a heat affected zone, due to cumulative heating, as the increase in temperature ΔT(TsN+1−Ts) ? > is 362 °C at 5 Hz and 624 °C at 10 Hz, above Ts ~ 1099 °C for 1 Hz. However, the number of pulses and etch rate are inversely related due to the plume effect. The overall study provides a guideline for precise control on fast prototyping direct write laser lithography processes used in LOC applications.
Trading Off Environmental and Economic Scheduling of a Renewable Energy Based Microgrid Under Uncertainties

Smart power grids are transitioning towards effective employment of distributed energy resources including renewable energy sources to address the growing environmental concerns related to the pollutant emissions of fossil fuels. In this context, this paper proposes the directed search domain (DSD) method to compute the combined environmental and economic dispatch in a microgrid with battery energy storage systems, photovoltaic plants, wind turbines, fuel cells, and microturbines. The DSD algorithm is implemented for a multiobjective problem to obtain evenly-distributed Pareto optimal points by shrinking the original search domain into hypercone. This paper computes the optimal unit commitment and the related power dispatch while simultaneously minimizing the total pollutant emissions and operating costs. The best trade-off solution among the entire set of Pareto optimal points is computed by using the Fuzzy satisfying technique. The uncertainties associated with the forecasting of prices, load demand, wind, and photovoltaic power outputs are accounted for by employing the stochastic programming. The empirical results indicate the potential of the presented DSD algorithm in terms of the objective values, solution times, and quasi-even distribution of the Pareto set.
Exosomes Derived from Immune Cells: The New Role of Tumor Immune Microenvironment and Tumor Therapy

Abstract Exosomes are small vesicles secreted by living cells, with a typical lipid bilayer structure. They carry a variety of proteins, lipids, RNA and other important information, play an important role in the transmission of substances and information between cells, and gradually become a marker for early diagnosis of many diseases and an important tool in drug delivery system. Immune cells are an important part of tumor microenvironment, and they can affect tumor progression by secreting a variety of immunoreactive substances. This review focuses on the effects of various immune cell-derived exosomes on tumor cells, different immune cells and other stromal cells in tumor microenvironment. Exosomes derived from different immune cells can not only reshape a pro-inflammatory microenvironment to inhibit tumor progression, but also promote tumor progression by inhibiting the killing effect of NK cells, CD8+T cells and other cells or promoting tumor cells and immunosuppressive immune cells. In addition, we also discussed that some exosomes derived from immune cells (such as DC, M1 macrophages and neutrophils) play a tumor inhibitory role after being engineered.
Is a four-week hormone suspension necessary for thyroid remnant ablation in low and intermediate risk patients? A pilot study with quality-of-life assessment

Radioiodine therapy (RIT) is a complementary treatment to total thyroidectomy in differentiated thyroid cancer (DTC) patients. High levels of thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) are usually required in clinical practice to increase RIT efficacy. Suspension of levothyroxine hormone for weeks is usually necessary, greatly impacting patients' quality of life. Patients with DTC of low or intermediate-risk were divided into two groups - one where levothyroxine was suspended for 4-5 weeks and a TSH ≥ 30 mUI/L was required for radioiodine administration (group 1), and another where levothyroxine was suspended for two weeks only (group 2). The RIT efficacy was compared between the groups. The absorbed dose in the cervical region after 24 hours was also calculated and correlated with TSH. The quality of life was also accessed with the EORTC questionnaire. Thirty-one patients were included in this study (14 in group 1 and 17 in group 2), with a mean age of 45.7 ± 10.6 years and 29 (93.5%) females. The mean TSH level for group 1 was 67.0 ± 35.6 UI/ml, and for group 2 was 31.3 ± 29.4 UI/ml. After six months, the successful RIT frequency was 66.6% for group 1 and 73.3% for group 2. Patients from group 2 showed better quality of life. TSH level ≥ 30 mUI/L is not critical for the success of RIT in patients with low or intermediate risk DTC. A two-week suspension of thyroid hormone appears to meet similar RIT needs, providing a better quality of life.
Sludge as an initial nutrient driver for yield improvement in the poor soils of northern Namibia

The northern part of Namibia suffers from drought and low-quality soil. The soil needs a boost of nutrients, and the water must be used in a frugal manner. Thereby, the objective of this research was to investigate the effect of sludge and treated wastewater as initial nutrient drivers in sandy loam soil by examining the dry biomass (DM), the nutrient uptake, and the heavy metal accumulation in the organs of sorghum. For this reason, sludge, chemical fertiliser, and a mixture of both were applied to a sorghum field. As a second factor, water of two different qualities was used: (a) treated wastewater (TWW), and (b) tap water. The treatment with mixed-fertiliser produced 16% more DM compared to the treatment with chemical fertiliser when irrigated with tap water. The use of TWW enhanced phosphorus uptake in the treatment with chemical fertiliser but did not increase the DM. This study suggests that sludge can be applied as an initial nutrient driver for poor soil with low organic matter and that TWW can also be an important complementary water resource for irrigation in areas affected by drought.
Mortality Attributable to Ambient Air Pollution: A Review of Global Estimates

Since the publication of the first epidemiological study to establish the connection between long‐term exposure to atmospheric pollution and effects on human health, major efforts have been dedicated to estimate the attributable mortality burden, especially in the context of the Global Burden of Disease (GBD). In this work, we review the estimates of excess mortality attributable to outdoor air pollution at the global scale, by comparing studies available in the literature. We find large differences between the estimates, which are related to the exposure response functions as well as the number of health outcomes included in the calculations, aspects where further improvements are necessary. Furthermore, we show that despite the considerable advancements in our understanding of health impacts of air pollution and the consequent improvement in the accuracy of the global estimates, their precision has not increased in the last decades. We offer recommendations for future measurements and research directions, which will help to improve our understanding and quantification of air pollution‐health relationships.
Cooperative Power Bidding of Smart Community Grids With an Aggregator-Prosumer-Based Hierarchical Framework

The progressive development of electricity markets envisions the participation of smart community grids in energy trading, but it is still challenging to guarantee global optimality for uncertain power management of multiple entities under a hierarchical framework. To tackle the cooperative strategic bidding problem with uncertainties, this paper proposes a hierarchical three-stage robust optimization (HTS-RO) method. With respect to the bilayer coordination framework involving an aggregator gathering multiple prosumers, a novel HTS-RO bidding model is firstly established relying on the canonical centralized two-stage RO model. In the first stage, the aggregator performs power bidding in the upper layer according to the derived power flow information of the shared buses from the lower-layer prosumers. Considering renewable-load uncertainties and privacy preservation, each prosumer conducts its own robust scheduling via the second and third stages based on the bidding prices from the aggregator and submits its optimal results of the shared bus back to the aggregator. For the robust scheduling model of each prosumer, the second stage identifies the basic plans of the nominal scenario, and the third stage checks the feasibility of the basic plans under uncertainties. To solve the resulting intractable multi-level mixed-integer nonlinear programming, a tri-loop decomposition-based iterative algorithm is tailored to ensure that the distributed computation converges to the optimal solution with the overall profit, thereby achieving the equivalent split of the centralized optimization into a hierarchical manner. Numerical tests on generic smart community grids with multiple prosumers validate the applicability and superiority of the proposed HTS-RO method for power bidding.
Optimal AR-coating for optical waveguide devices

The authors have calculated the optimal index of refraction and thickness of an antireflection coating layer for optical modes (TE/TM) in semiconductor laser devices. They have taken into account various correction factors concerning the two-dimensional carrier gas, i.e. the change in photonic energy depending on the width of the quantum well, the resulting change in refractive indexes, and the change in effective masses of the carriers. The value square root n/sub eff/*-n/sub eff/* is the effective optical mode index. It is compared to the exact calculated value for the optimal coating index. >