Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Predictive Coding

A general predictive coder utilizes the signal samples up to N steps back in time to make a prediction (guess) of what the signal sample at the present time should be and then codes the difference between the prediction and the real value. We will concentrate on linear predictors, where the prediction is a linear combination of old sample values. This correpsonds to having an AR model of the source.
Monsieur, azonnal kövessen engem bitte!: an automatically generated interlanguage tailored to speakers of minority but culturally influenced languages

Automatic localization of cultural resources and UIs is crucial for the survival of minority languages, for which there are insufficient parallel corpora (or no corpus at all) to build machine translation systems. This paper proposes a new way to compensate for such resource-scarce languages, based on the fact that most languages share a common vocabulary. Concretely, our approach leverages a family of languages closely related to the speaker's native language to construct translations in a coherent mix of these languages. Experimental results indicate that these translations can be easily understood, being also a useful aid for users who are not proficient in foreign languages. Therefore this work significantly contributes to HCI in two ways: it establishes a language that can improve how applications communicate to their users, and it reports insights on the user acceptance towards the method.
Language detection by neural discrimination

In this paper, we present a new method of language detection. This method is based on language pair discrimination using neural networks as classifier of acoustic features. No acoustic decomposition of the speech signal is needed. We present an application of our method for the detection of 11 languages for a signal duration of 3 seconds (OGI MLTS corpus). The obtained results highlight scores ranging from 75.1% to 82% according to the language processed.
A Morpheme-based Part-of-Speech Tagger for Chinese

This paper presents a morpheme-based part-of-speech tagger for Chinese. It consists of two main components, namely a morpheme segmenter to segment each word in a sentence into a sequence of morphemes, based on forward maximum matching, and a lexical tagger to label each morpheme with a proper tag indicating its position pattern in forming a word of a specific class, based on lexicalized hidden Markov models. This system have participated four closed tracks for POS tagging at the Fourth International Chinese Language Processing Bakeoff sponsored by the ACLSIGHAN.
The heat increment of steam-volatile fatty acids in fasting sheep

The heat increment of feeding represents the additional heat produced by an animal consequent upon the ingestion of food. I n man and dog it is usually called the specific dynamic effect (s.D.E.), or less correctly the specific dynamic action (s.D.A.), and is measured by giving the fasting subject an amount of food containing sufficient energy to meet the basal requirement and by determining the increase in heat production which results. This procedure entails the continuation of measurements until such time when metabolism is again basal. It was shown by Glickman, Mitchell, Lambert & Keeton (1948) that often insufficient time was allowed in such studies to permit the complete metabolism of the food, hence many estimates of the S.D. E. of food by this technique are too low. I n farm animals the technique employed by Kellner & Kohler (1900) and by Fingerling (1914) to estimate heat increments was to give individual foods or nutrients as additions to a ration which already permitted small positive retentions of energy and to measure the increase in the 24 h heat production which resulted. The two methods do not give identical results since heat increment is smaller when fasting and not maintenance is the base-line, as has been shown in many experiments with a variety of species. Between-species comparisons of the heat increment of feeding must clearly be made at similar nutritional planes. In Table I, the results of published experiments are presented which allow an estimate to be made of species differences in the heat increments of feeding. It will be noted that data are not available for man at maintenance levels of feeding.
Comparison of various correlation-based techniques for the estimation of impulse responses

This paper provides a comparison between three correlation-based techniques, namely the direct approximation, deconvolution and direct inversion methods, for the estimation of impulse responses in both single-input and multi-input scenarios. The comparison is made from the perturbation signal design viewpoint, as this is an important step in system identification. Classes of broadband signals which are commonly used for identification are reviewed. The constraints of the three approaches in terms of the minimum input signal period and harmonic specifications are considered, along with discussion on computational complexity. Simulation examples are used to highlight the similarities and differences between these methods. The results have wide-ranging applications particularly in the area of control and communications.
Crossmodal congruence: the look, feel and sound of touchscreen widgets

Our research considers the following question: how can visual, audio and tactile feedback be combined in a congruent manner for use with touchscreen graphical widgets? For example, if a touchscreen display presents different styles of visual buttons, what should each of those buttons feel and sound like? This paper presents the results of an experiment conducted to investigate methods of congruently combining visual and combined audio/tactile feedback by manipulating the different parameters of each modality. The results indicate trends with individual visual parameters such as shape, size and height being combined congruently with audio/tactile parameters such as texture, duration and different actuator technologies. We draw further on the experiment results using individual quality ratings to evaluate the perceived quality of our touchscreen buttons then reveal a correlation between perceived quality and crossmodal congruence. The results of this research will enable mobile touchscreen UI designers to create realistic, congruent buttons by selecting the most appropriate audio and tactile counterparts of visual button styles.
Journal of Cerebral Blood Flow and Metabolism Local Cerebral Blood Flow in a Rat Cortical Vein Occlusion Model

The symptoms following sinus and vein occlu­ sion observed in patients and experimental animals dis­ play a considerable variability that so far remains largely unexplained. In a rat cortical vein occlusion model using a photochemical thrombotic technique, we examined changes in the cerebral venous flow pattern by fluores­ cence angiography and regional cerebral blood flow (rCBF) and cerebral blood volume fraction (CBVF) by a modern laser Doppler "scanning" technique. Brain dam­ age was assessed histologically. Fluorescence angio­ graphic findings fell into two groups: group A, rats with an altered.venous flow pattern after occlusion (n = 12), and group B, rats with interruption of blood flow and/or a growing venous thrombus (n = 5). In addition, sham­ operated animals made up group C (n = 5). Extravasation of fluorescein, a massive decrease in rCBF, a short-The clinical symptoms and prognosis of cerebral sinus vein thrombosis (SVT) and intraoperative oc­ clusion of cerebral veins are well-known to be quite variable, ranging from no symptoms at all to severe venous infarction. The pathophysiological mecha­ nisms underlying this high variability in patients and experimental animals are unknown and among the main topics of interest in this field (Fries et al., 1992; Gotoh et al., 199 3; Ungersbock et al., 1993a). Much attention has been paid to the study of ce­ rebral injury following venous circulation distur­ bances (Cervos-Navarro and Kannuki, 1990; Takeshima et al., 199 3; Frerichs et al., 1994). Neu­ rosurgical operations are performed more fre­ quently in elderly patients, and mild venous circu-720 lasting increase in CBVF, and regional brain damage were typical for group B. In addition, cortical CBF map­ ping revealed a transient hyperperfusion zone with hy­ peremia surrounding a hypoperfused ischemic core in group B. A circulation perturbation following venous oc­ clusion appeared near those occluded cerebral veins with­ out sufficient collateral flow. Furthermore, the venous thrombus continued to grow, accompanied by local crit­ ical ischemia and severe brain damage. Conversely, 71% of the animals (12 of 17) tolerated occlusion of a solitary vein without major flow disturbances or histological evi­ dence of damage to the CNS (group A). Key Words: Ce­ rebral blood flow-Vein occlusion-Microcirculation­ Laser Doppler flowmetry-Fluorescence angiography­ Rose bengal photothrombosis. lation disturbances, which are without consequence in young patients, often cause unexpectedly severe complications in the elderly. Also, extensive oper­ ations, such as skull base surgery, have become routine in neurosurgery, and sinuses and bridging veins …
Test resource optimization for multi-site testing of SOCs under ATE memory depth constraints

We present a two-step solution to the problem of test resource optimization for multi-site testing of embedded-core-based SOCs. In step 1, an efficient technique based on enhanced rectangle packing is used to design the wrapper/TAM (test access mechanisms) architecture such that the SOC test suite fits in a single ATE memory load. Furthermore, the total TAM width for the SOC is minimized, thereby reducing routing complexity and hardware cost. Minimum TAM width directly leads to the minimization of the number of ATE channels used, thus enabling multi-site testing. In step 2, test scheduling is performed such that "idle" bits appearing between core tests on ATE channels are moved to the end of each channel. This reduces the memory depth allocated to the channels from the pool of ATE memory. The saved memory can be mapped to the remaining ATE channels to test other SOCs, thereby further facilitating multi-site testing. We present experimental results on our technique for five benchmark SOCs.
VSOP/Hv1 proton channels sustain calcium entry, neutrophil migration, and superoxide production by limiting cell depolarization and acidification

Neutrophils kill microbes with reactive oxygen species generated by the NADPH oxidase, an enzyme which moves electrons across membranes. Voltage-gated proton channels (voltage-sensing domain only protein [VSOP]/Hv1) are required for high-level superoxide production by phagocytes, but the mechanism of this effect is not established. We show that neutrophils from VSOP/Hv1−/− mice lack proton currents but have normal electron currents, indicating that these cells have a fully functional oxidase that cannot conduct protons. VSOP/Hv1−/− neutrophils had a more acidic cytosol, were more depolarized, and produced less superoxide and hydrogen peroxide than neutrophils from wild-type mice. Hydrogen peroxide production was rescued by providing an artificial conductance with gramicidin. Loss of VSOP/Hv1 also aborted calcium responses to chemoattractants, increased neutrophil spreading, and decreased neutrophil migration. The migration defect was restored by the addition of a calcium ionophore. Our findings indicate that proton channels extrude the acid and compensate the charge generated by the oxidase, thereby sustaining calcium entry signals that control the adhesion and motility of neutrophils. Loss of proton channels thus aborts superoxide production and causes a severe signaling defect in neutrophils.
Molecular mechanisms of phenotypic change in intact nociceptors

We have previously shown that regenerated cutaneous afferents exhibit sensitization. These changes were correlated with increased expression of neurotrophic factors in the affected skin, and receptors and ion channels in the dorsal root ganglia (DRG). Here we found that saphenous nerve injury resulted in similar alterations in gene expression in the skin innervated by the uninjured contralateral saphenous nerve. Several Nerve Growth Factor (NGF) and GDNF ligands were upregulated in the dorsal hindpaw hairy skin 7-21 days following contralateral saphenous nerve axotomy. This increase in expression was correlated with upregulation of several receptors and ion channels in the L2,3 DRGs, including GFRα1, nucleotide receptors P2X3, P2Y1, and P2Y2, heat transducing channel TRPV1, and acid-sensing ion channels 1 (ASIC1) and 3 (ASIC3). Characterization of intact saphenous afferent fibers revealed that 4-5 weeks after contralateral injury, C-polymodal population had significantly reduced heat thresholds. There was also a significant increase in the proportion of mechanically insensitive-heat sensitive (CH) neurons. These findings provide evidence of peripheral mechanisms that may be involved in the development of mirror-image pain, a clinical phenomenon in which patients experience pain in the healthy region of the body contralateral to the injury site. The changes in the response properties of intact afferents at 4-5 weeks following contralateral injury were correlated with upregulation of P2Y1 and TRPV1 in the DRGs at 28d post-injury, and we investigated the role of these two targets in the functional plasticity observed by utilizing an in vivo small interfering RNA (siRNA)-mediated knockdown strategy to target the upregulation of P2Y1 and TRPV1 in the L2,3 DRGs at 28 days following contralateral injury. We found that blocking P2Y1 upregulation prevented the heat threshold reduction in C-polymodal afferents and conclude that P2Y1 plays a critical role in the heat sensitivity of these fibers. We then found that blocking the upregulation of TRPV1 blocked the recruitment of C-heat fibers. Taken together, our findings suggest that chronic exposure of intact cutaneous sensory neurons to increased endogenous levels of neurotrophic factors results in upregulation of target receptors and ion channels in the DRG and sensitization and phenotypic changes in intact sensory neurons.
Female reproductive dysfunction in familial Mediterranean fever patients with and without colchicine treatment.

Sirs, Familial Mediterranean fever (FMF) is an autosomal-recessive inherited disease char-acterised by recurrent episodes of fever, abdominal pain and serositis. Colchicine is effective in preventing attacks that can be stimulated by various stimuli such as stress, cold exposure or infections. In the literature there are many evidences about FMF and female reproductive system dysfunctions: ovarian failure and efficacy of colchicine in infertility prevention, due to ovarian dysfunction and peritoneal adhesions, are described (1-3). It has also been reported an increase of spontaneous abortion incidences in FMF-affected women twofold more than the general population (25–30% vs. 15%) (4-6). Indeed, frequent peritonitis, as seen in untreated or unresponsive-to-treatment FMF, may determine premature uterine contractions with abortion risk or premature birth (2, 3, 7). We aimed to verify the prevalence and type of infertility among FMF women, and the prevalence of spontaneous abortions and premature deliveries in FMF patients with or without colchicine treatment. We evaluated, retrospectively, a cohort of female patients diagnosed with FMF at our Periodic Fever Research Center between January 1998 and July 2008. A questionnaire was administered to obtain data concerning the presence and type of infertility (if studied), number of pregnancies carried to term, progress and therapy taken during pregnancy , spontaneous abortions, premature deliveries and congenital malformations. Among 221 FMF patients, there were 108 women, of whom 73 in fertile age and therefore eligible for our study. Thirty-eight patients had not had a voluntary pregnancy yet; 7/35 (20%) patients who had tried to get pregnant were sterile: 2 patients because of peritoneal adhesions, 1 patient because of endometriosis, 1 patient for both causes, and 3 women without an apparent cause. The total number of pregnancies was 61 (in 28 women), segregated by symptoms and colchicine treatment (results in Table I). The majority of patients (27/28) had become pregnant after FMF onset, 2 before disease onset, while one patient had been pregnant before and after disease onset. Fifty out of 61 pregnancies were carried to term and 11/61 ended in spontaneous abortion. The highest number of pregnancies (48/61) occurred in 21 women with FMF symptoms but not in colchicine: 1 patient because of drug-resistance, 3 patients were doubtful regarding drug side-effects, and all others because they had been not diagnosed as FMF yet. In this last group, 38/48 (79%) pregnancies were carried to term, and 10/48 (21%) ended in miscarriage at different periods of pregnancy. None of those …
Collaborative map matching in Nav2Nav

Although in-car navigation systems are becoming commonplace, cars travelling in urban canyon areas still suffer from poor positional accuracy and limited visibility of GPS satellites due to signal blockage. As a result, map matching accuracy and navigation performance may not reach the required level for many applications. Researchers have tried to address positional inaccuracy in navigation systems using various techniques, such as map matching, augmentation, and differential GPS. However, some void still exist as these techniques require intensive computation, static base stations, or installation of extra equipment. In this paper, we propose Collaborative Map Matching (CMM) which is a novel technique aiming to improve map matching accuracy in Nav2Nav. CMM is based on differential GPS, high quality road map, and collaborative computation. CMM does not require intensive computation, static base stations, or extra equipment installed in cars. The main requirement is for cars to work collaboratively, through Nav2Nav, to help one another. Simulation of CMM shows that improved GPS positional accuracy obtained by one car can be shared to improve the map matching accuracy of other nearby cars.
Obtaining Security Requirements for a Mobile Grid System

— Mobile Grid includes the characteristics of the Grid systems together with the peculiarities of Mobile Computing, with the additional feature of supporting mobile users and resources in a seamless, transparent, secure and efficient way. Security of these systems, due to their distributed and open nature, is considered a topic of great interest. We are elaborating a methodology of development to build secure mobile grid systems considering security on all life cycle. In this paper we present the practical results applying our methodology to a real case, specifically we apply the part of security requirements analysis to obtain and identify security requirements of a specific application following a set of tasks defined for helping us in the definition, identification and specification of the security requirements on our case study. The methodology will help us to build a secure grid application in a systematic and iterative way.
Insights into Mycoplasma genitalium metabolism revealed by the structure of MG289, an extracytoplasmic thiamine binding lipoprotein

Mycoplasma genitalium is one of the smallest organisms capable of self‐replication and its sequence is considered a starting point for understanding the minimal genome required for life. MG289, a putative phosphonate substrate binding protein, is considered to be one of these essential genes. The crystal structure of MG289 has been solved at 1.95 Å resolution. The structurally identified thiamine binding region reveals possible mechanisms for ligand promiscuity. MG289 was determined to be an extracytoplasmic thiamine binding lipoprotein. Computational analysis, size exclusion chromatography, and small angle X‐ray scattering indicates that MG289 homodimerizes in a concentration‐dependant manner. Comparisons to the thiamine pyrophosphate binding homolog Cypl reveal insights into the metabolic differences between mycoplasmal species including identifying possible kinases for cofactor phosphorylation and describing the mechanism of thiamine transport into the cell. These results provide a baseline to build our understanding of the minimal metabolic requirements of a living organism. Proteins 2011. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Index structures for selective dissemination of information under the Boolean model

The number, size, and user population of bibliographic and full-text document databases are rapidly growing. With a high document arrival rate, it becomes essential for users of such databases to have access to the very latest documents; yet the high document arrival rate also makes it difficult for users to keep themselves updated. It is desirable to allow users to submit profiles, i.e., queries that are constantly evaluated, so that they will be automatically informed of new additions that may be of interest. Such service is traditionally called Selective Dissemination of Information (SDI). The high document arrival rate, the huge number of users, and the timeliness requirement of the service pose a challenge in achieving efficient SDL. In this article, we propose several index structures for indexing profiles and algorithms that efficiently match documents against large number of profiles. We also present analysis and simulation results to compare their performance under different scenarios.
High-throughput one-dimensional median and weighted median filters on FPGA

Most effort in designing median filters has focused on two-dimensional filters with small window sizes, used for image processing. However, recent work on novel image processing algorithms, such as the Trace transform, has highlighted the need for architectures that can compute the median and weighted median of large one-dimensional windows, to which the optimisations in the aforementioned architectures do not apply. A set of architectures for computing both the median and weighted median of large, flexibly sized windows through parallel cumulative histogram construction is presented. The architecture uses embedded memories to control the highly parallel bank of histogram nodes, and can implicitly determine window sizes for median and weighted median calculations. The architecture is shown to perform at 72 Msamples, and has been integrated within a Trace transform architecture.
Modeling and Analysis of Electromagnetic Force, Vibration, and Noise in Permanent-Magnet Synchronous Motor Considering Current Harmonics

This paper first derives the characteristics of radial electromagnetic force considering different types of current harmonics. By using two-dimensional fast Fourier transform, the force calculated by the finite element method is decomposed to obtain the frequencies of the force components in specific spatial order. Then, a multiphysics model for electromagnetic vibration and noise calculation is proposed. A modal test is implemented to validate the equivalent stator model and the nonuniform distribution of electromagnetic force acting on the teeth surface is taken into account through the nodal force transfer method. The calculated vibration and noise agree well with those obtained from experimental test. Finally, vibration and noise under different supply currents are investigated, and the variation patterns of the noise and vibration peaks are explained by the amplitude changes of the lowest spatial order force due to current harmonics. It is found that the influence of current harmonics on vibration and noise depends on their effect on the lowest spatial order force, and in order to figure out this effect, the phase angle, phase sequence, and frequency of current harmonics should all be considered.