Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Prognostic Role of 68Ga-PSMA11 PET–Based Response in Patients with Prostate Cancer Undergoing Taxane-Based Chemotherapy

Visual Abstract This study was performed to assess the prognostic utility of conventional biochemical and imaging response criteria and 68Ga-PSMA11 PET–adapted or –specific systems regarding overall survival (OS) in men with metastatic hormone-sensitive and castration-resistant prostate cancer (PC) treated with taxane-based chemotherapy. Methods: A total of 103 patients (metastatic hormone-sensitive PC, n = 57; castration-resistant PC, n = 46) underwent taxane-based chemotherapy. All patients had a minimum of 2 prostate-specific membrane antigen (PSMA) PET scans (at baseline and up to 3 mo after treatment). PSMA PET response was assessed by RECIST 1.1, adapted Prostate Cancer Working Group Criteria 3 (using PSMA PET instead of bone scan), aPERCIST, and PSMA PET progression (PPP) criteria. Response by each criterion was stratified by either progressive disease (PD) or non-PD. For aPERCIST, stratification by PD, stable disease (SD), and partial/complete remission (PR/CR) was performed. Biochemical response was determined by a prostate-specific antigen decrease of at least 50%. Subgroup analyses were performed by castration status. Univariable Cox proportional hazards regression analyses including Harrell’s concordance indices were calculated to investigate the association of PD by response criteria and OS. Kaplan–Meier tests including log-rank statistics were calculated for survival analyses. Results: Twenty-six (25%) patients had unmeasurable disease by RECIST 1.1. PD by any response criterion was associated with an at least 2.5-fold increased risk of death and was highest for PD versus CR/PR by aPERCIST (hazard ratio, 11.4) on univariable regression. Stratified by castration status, a similar pattern was observed. PD by any criterion as associated with significantly shortened OS across overall and subgroup analyses. PR/CR by aPERCIST identified patients with lower risk of death and longer OS compared with patients with PD or SD. Conclusion: PSMA PET–based response criteria (PPP, aPERCIST, adapted Prostate Cancer Working Group Criteria 3) have high prognostic utility in men with metastatic PC undergoing taxane-based chemotherapy. PPP is simple to use, identified most patients with PD, and showed best prognostic utility regarding OS. PR/CR by aPERCIST identifies a subgroup of responders (PR/CR) showing better outcomes than patients with PD or SD. Future studies are warranted to amend the current paradigm relying on mere differentiation of PD versus non-PD in metastatic PC and to identify true treatment responders by imaging criteria.
Prevalence of Diabetes and Its Association with Atherosclerotic Cardiovascular Disease Risk in Patients with Familial Hypercholesterolemia: An Analysis from the Hellenic Familial Hypercholesterolemia Registry (HELLAS-FH)

Familial hypercholesterolemia (FH) and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) are both associated with a high risk of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD). Little is known about the prevalence of T2DM and its association with ASCVD risk in FH patients. This was a cross-sectional analysis from the Hellenic Familial Hypercholesterolemia Registry (HELLAS-FH) including adults with FH (n = 1719, mean age 51.3 ± 14.6 years). Of FH patients, 7.2% had a diagnosis of T2DM. The prevalence of ASCVD, coronary artery disease (CAD), and stroke was higher among subjects with T2DM compared with those without (55.3% vs. 23.3%, 48.8% vs. 20.7%, 8.3% vs. 2.7%, respectively, p < 0.001). When adjusted for age, systolic blood pressure, smoking, body mass index, hypertension, waist circumference, triglyceride levels, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels, and gender, T2DM was significantly associated with prevalent ASCVD [OR 2.0 (95% CI 1.2–3.3), p = 0.004]. FH patients with T2DM were more likely to have undergone coronary revascularization than those without (14.2% vs. 4.5% for coronary artery bypass graft, and 23.9% vs. 11.5% for percutaneous coronary intervention, p < 0.001). T2DM is associated with an increased risk for prevalent ASCVD in subjects with FH. This may have implications for risk stratification and treatment intensity in these patients.
Effect of low energy milling processes on the magnetic properties of Fe–Ni–Co soft magnetic materials

This work reports the effect of micro strain of soft magnetic materials obtained by low-energy ball milling. It has been observed that the low energy of the ball milling changes the magnetic domain size, increasing magnetisation, remanence and magnetic permeability of the milled powders as ferromagnetic particles. It is due to the increase of linear defects and the increase of lattice strain. The magnetisation MS increases up to 70% by the accumulation of crystalline defects, although MS decreases with the reduction of particle size, due to the connections of voids between the lines of magnetisation across the crystalline defects obtained by milling. This response is produced by the cold working through the ball milling.
Simple heatable Langmuir probe for alkali plasmas

A new type of small, simple, indirectly heatable Langmuir probe for measurements in alkaline plasmas is presented. The heating element of this probe consists of an elogated half-loop of Ta-wire wound helically, around a thin ceramic tube that carries the probe collector. It is situated as closely as possible to the latter. The necessary heating power is a few watts. It is shown that the inevitable alkaline coating of the probe collector can be removed by sufficient heating. Various types of coating and their influence on the probe characteristic are discussed.
The Cytotoxic Effectiveness of Thiourea-Reduced Graphene Oxide on Human Lung Cancer Cells and Fungi

This study demonstrated the effective reduction of graphene oxide (GO) by employing thiourea as a reducing and stabilizing agent. Two fungi (Aspergillus flavus and Aspergillus fumigatus) were used for anti-fungal assay. Cell viability, cell cycle analysis, DNA fragmentation, and cell morphology were assessed to determine the toxicity of thiourea-reduced graphene oxide (T-rGO) on human lung cancer cells. The results revealed that GO and T-rGO were hazardous to cells in a dose-dependent trend. The viability of both A. fumigatus and A. flavus was affected by GO and T-rGO. The reactive oxygen species produced by T-rGO caused the death of A. flavus and A. fumigatus cells. This study highlighted the effectiveness of T-rGO as an antifungal agent. In addition, T-rGO was found to be more harmful to cancer cells than GO. Thus, T-rGO manifested great potential in biological and biomedical applications.
Muscle Health Patterns and Brain MRI Indices: A Cluster Analysis

Abstract Background and Objectives The interplay between muscle and brain lacks a holistic approach to assess the combined effect of multiple factors. This study utilizes clustering analysis to identify muscle health patterns and their relationships with various brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) indices. Research Design and Methods Two hundred and seventy-five cognitively intact participants who completed brain MRI from the Health, Aging, and Body Composition Study were enrolled. Muscle health-related markers that showed significant relationship with total gray matter volume entered the cluster analysis. Subsequently, macrostructural and microstructural MRI indices were examined with analysis of variance and multiple linear regression analysis to determine significant associations with muscle health clusters. The muscle health cluster included 6 variables: age, skeletal muscle mass index, gait speed, handgrip strength, change of total body fat, and serum leptin level. Clustering method produced 3 clusters which had characteristics of obese, leptin-resistant, and sarcopenia, respectively. Results Brain MRI indices that revealed significant associations with the clusters included gray matter volume (GMV) in cerebellum (p < .001), superior frontal gyrus (p = .019), inferior frontal gyrus (p = .003), posterior cingulum (p = .021), vermis (p = .045), and gray matter density (GMD) in gyrus rectus (p < .001) and temporal pole (p < .001). The leptin-resistant group had most degree of reduction in GMV, whereas the sarcopenia group had most degree of reduction in GMD. Discussion and Implications The leptin-resistant and sarcopenia populations had higher risk of neuroimaging alterations. Clinicians should raise awareness on the brain MRI findings in clinical settings. Because these patients mostly had central nervous system conditions or other critical illnesses, the risk of sarcopenia as a comorbidity will substantially affect the prognosis and medical care.
Generalized Hybrid Dislocated Function Projective Synchronization of Chaotic Systems with Time Delay

In order to improve the security of secure communication, a novel generalized hybrid dislocated function projective synchronization (GHDFPS) was proposed and GHDFPS of time delay chaotic systems with uncertain parameters were researched in this paper. Due to time delay, the chaotic system can produce multiple positive Lyapunov exponential; this characteristic can enhance security in secure communications noticeably. Based on Lyapunove stability theory and modified hybrid feedback control method, the modified hybrid feedback controller and the parameter updating laws were designed for the GHDFPS between the two time delay chaotic systems with uncertain parameters. The feedback gain can be adjusted automatically according to the synchronization error values. Under the controller, generalized hybrid dislocated function projective synchronization of the two chaotic systems is achieved, and the uncertain parameters of response systems are identified. The chaotic item is added in the function scale factor. The chaotic item in the function scaling factor makes function scaling factor more complex and unpredictable. So this can enhance the features of indeterminism in secure communication. The time delay feedback Lorenz system as an example; by numerical simulations the effectiveness of the proposed method is demonstrated.
Composite observer‐based adaptive event‐triggered backstepping control for fractional‐order nonlinear systems with input constraints

An event‐triggered neural adaptive backstepping controller via a state and a disturbance observers is proposed for uncertain fractional‐order nonlinear systems with time‐varying external disturbances and unavailable states. The radial basis function neural network (RBFNN) is utilized to approximate uncertain nonlinear terms, and a coupled observer including both state observer and disturbance observer is developed in view of the output of the RBFNN to obtain the dynamic information of unmeasured states and unknown compounded disturbances. Then, to tackle with the impact of input constraints, an auxiliary system is constructed, and an event‐triggered approach is developed to cut down communication burden between the controller and the actuator. Moreover, a dynamic surface control strategy is developed to cope with the tedious analytic computation of time derivatives of virtual controllers. The stability analysis demonstrates that the involved signals remain bounded, and tracking and observering errors can converge to a diminutive neighborhood around the origin. At last, the effectiveness of the developed control method is verified by two numerical examples.
MLM-based monochromator for molybdenum impurity monitoring on the Alcator C-MOD tokamak in the 30-130 Å range

Molybdenum, from the vessel wall armor tiles and divertor plates, is expected to be the dominant high‐Z impurity in the Alcator C‐MOD tokamak plasma. To monitor the molybdenum emission in the extreme ultraviolet (XUV), a monochromator utilizing multilayer mirrors (MLMs) as dispersive elements will be installed on the C‐MOD tokamak with a 10° above the mid‐plane view across the plasma’s center. Much of the strong Mo emission under the C‐MOD experimental conditions will be emitted between 30–50 A and 65–90 A by M‐shell ions (n=3–3 and n=3–4 transitions), at 116 A from MoXXXI and at 127 A from MoXXXII. The monochromator will have three MLMs and either three‐channel electron multipliers or three XUV silicon photodiodes mounted on a single θ‐2θ goniometer. Each MLM and detector unit will simultaneously monitor a separate molybdenum emission range with a 1–10‐ms temporal resolution. The resolution of the MLMs range from 1 to 5 A depending on the wavelength, and each MLM will be optimized for one of the above sp.
A Comprehensive Overview of Artificial Intelligence

Nowadays, we remark that breakthroughs in the field of AI suggesting its similarity with human beings, tremendous diversity of subfields and terminologies implied in the AI discipline, huge diversity of AI techniques, mistakes of AI and hype could lead to confusion about a clear understanding of the field. In some cases, misunderstanding about AI led to hype, firing, and rude criticism even among many senior experts of the AI domain. In this paper, we proposed a “Comprehensive Overview of Artificial Intelligence (AI)” so that everyone (starting with newbies) is able, via clear insights, to make a difference rapidly. As a contribution to scientific literature, we unambiguously showed via carefully designed illustrations how the AI realm is held by well-known Theories of Intelligence and related AI Concepts that perfectly match the current technological advances in the field. And, of course, we provided a clear insight into Ethical concerns about Artificial Intelligence.
Estimation and comparison of lognormal parameters in the presence of censored data

It is assumed that k(k > 2) independent samples of sizes n i (i = 1, …, k) are available from k lognormal distributions. Four hypothesis cases (H 1 – H 4) are defined. Under H 1, all k median parameters as well as all k skewness parameters are equal; under H 2, all k skewness parameters are equal but not all k median parameters are equal; under H 3, all k median parameters are equal but not all k skewness parameters are equal; under H 4, neither the k median parameters nor the k skewness parameters are equal. The Expectation Maximization (EM) algorithm is used to obtain the maximum likelihood (ML) estimates of the lognormal parameters in each of these four hypothesis cases. A (2k − 1) degree polynomial is solved at each step of the EM algorithm for the H 3 case. A two-stage procedure for testing the equality of the medians either under skewness homogeneity or under skewness heterogeneity is also proposed and discussed. A simulation study was performed for the case k = 3.
Long range‐based low‐power wireless sensor node

Sensor nodes are the most significant part of a wireless sensor network that offers a powerful combination of sensing, processing, and communication. One major challenge while designing a sensor node is power consumption, as sensor nodes are generally battery‐operated. In this study, we proposed the design of a low‐power, long range‐based wireless sensor node with flexibility, a compact size, and energy efficiency. Furthermore, we improved power performance by adopting an efficient hardware design and proper component selection. The Nano Power Timer Integrated Circuit is used for power management, as it consumes nanoamps of current, resulting in improved battery life. The proposed design achieves an off‐time current of 38.17309 nA, which is tiny compared with the design discussed in the existing literature. Battery life is estimated for spreading factors (SFs), ranging from SF7 to SF12. The achieved battery life is 2.54 years for SF12 and 3.94 years for SF7. We present the analysis of current consumption and battery life. Sensor data, received signal strength indicator, and signal‐to‐noise ratio are visualized using the ThingSpeak network.
Spray Drying Encapsulation of Pediococcus acidilactici at Different Inlet Air Temperatures and Wall Material Ratios

Pediococcus acidilactici has gained research and commercial interest due to its outstanding probiotic properties, yet its survival during storage and consumption requires improvement. This study aims to enhance P. acidilactici survival using spray drying encapsulation. Different inlet air temperatures (120 °C, 150 °C, and 170 °C) and whey protein isolate (WPI):gum arabic (GA) ratios (1:1, 3:1, 1:3) were tested. Cell viability was significantly (p < 0.05) affected by the inlet temperature but not the WPI:GA ratio. Increasing the inlet temperature to 170 °C significantly decreased P. acidilactici viability by 1.36 log cycles, from 8.61 log CFU/g to 7.25 log CFU/g. The inlet temperature of 150 °C resulted in a powder yield (63.12%) higher than at 120 °C (58.97%), as well as significantly (p < 0.05) lower moisture content (5.71%) and water activity (aw 0.21). Viable cell counts in all encapsulated P. acidilactici were maintained at 5.24–6.75 log CFU/g after gastrointestinal tract (GIT) simulation, with WPI:GA of 3:1 and inlet temperature 150 °C having the smallest log reduction (0.3 log cycles). All samples containing different WPI:GA ratios maintained sufficient viability (>7 log CFU/g) during the first three weeks of storage at 25 °C. These results could provide insights for further developing P. acidilactici as commercial probiotic products.
Unleashing the Furr-Recovery Method: Interacting with Pets in Teleworking Replenishes the Self’s Regulatory Resources: Evidence from a Daily-Diary Study

This study is based on the conservation of resources theory and the recovery step model in order to further explore the furr-recovery method—a mechanism through which workers break their routine by taking micro-moments to interact with their “furry co-workers,” thus relieving their fatigue and tension or other negative affective states. Based on this, we argue that this method not only serves the purpose of restoring self-regulatory resources but also ameliorates mental health. Accordingly, this study aims to analyze how daily human–animal interactions during teleworking positively influence teleworkers’ mental health, via recovering their self-regulatory resources, at the within-person level. Full-time teleworkers completed multiple online surveys for 5 consecutive workdays (N = 211 × 5 = 1055 daily observations). Multilevel path analysis results showed that on days on which employees had more micro-moments to interact with their “furry co-workers” during the day, they experienced a higher self-regulatory capacity and felt better while working. In sum, the findings give support for the theoretical resource perspective of interacting with pets as an effective energy management strategy while at work. This research extends the theoretical understanding of regulatory resources as a cognitive mechanism that links HAIs to employee mental health. Moreover, the findings outlined here offer practical implications by highlighting the furr-recovery method, a method that teleworkers who own pets may use as a strategy during the working day to restore resources needed to be healthier.
A viscosity solutions approach to shape-from-shading

The problem of recovering a Lambertian surface from a single two-dimensional image may be written as a first-order nonlinear equation which presents the disadvantage of having several continuous and even smooth solutions. A new approach based on Hamilton–Jacobi–Bellman equations and viscosity solutions theories enables one to study non-uniqueness phenomenon and thus to characterize the surface among the various solutions.A consistent and monotone scheme approximating the surface is constructed thanks to the dynamic programming principle, and numerical results are presented.
Genetic population dynamics of the critically endangered scalloped hammerhead shark (Sphyrna lewini) in the Eastern Tropical Pacific

Abstract The scalloped hammerhead shark, Sphyrna lewini, is a Critically Endangered, migratory species known for its tendency to form iconic and visually spectacular large aggregations. Herein, we investigated the population genetic dynamics of the scalloped hammerhead across much of its distribution in the Eastern Tropical Pacific (ETP), ranging from Costa Rica to Ecuador, focusing on young‐of‐year animals from putative coastal nursery areas and adult females from seasonal aggregations that form in the northern Galápagos Islands. Nuclear microsatellites and partial mitochondrial control region sequences showed little evidence of population structure suggesting that scalloped hammerheads in this ETP region comprise a single genetic stock. Galápagos aggregations of adults were not comprised of related individuals, suggesting that kinship does not play a role in the formation of the repeated, annual gatherings at these remote offshore locations. Despite high levels of fisheries exploitation of this species in the ETP, the adult scalloped hammerheads here showed greater genetic diversity compared with adult conspecifics from other parts of the species' global distribution. A phylogeographic analysis of available, globally sourced, mitochondrial control region sequence data (n = 1818 sequences) revealed that scalloped hammerheads comprise three distinct matrilines corresponding to the three major world ocean basins, highlighting the need for conservation of these evolutionarily unique lineages. This study provides the first view of the genetic properties of a scalloped hammerhead aggregation, and the largest sample size‐based investigation of population structure and phylogeography of this species in the ETP to date.
A dual-time method for two-dimensional unsteady incompressible flow calculations

A method for computing unsteady incompressible viscous flows on moving or deforming meshes is described. It uses a well-established time-marching finite-volume flow solver, developed for steady compressible flows past rigid bodies. Time-marching methods cannot be applied directly to incompressible flows because the governing equations are not hyperbolic. Such methods can be extended to steady incompressible flows using an artificial compressibility scheme. A time-accurate scheme for unsteady incompressible flows is achieved by using an implicit real-time discretization and a dual-time approach, which uses a technique similar to the artificial compressibility scheme. Results are presented for test cases on both fixed and deforming meshes. Experimental, numerical and theoretical data have been included for comparison where available and reasonable agreement has been achieved. © 1998 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.