Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
La Política Agrícola Común de la Unión Europea y la soberanía alimentaria de América Latina: una interrelación dialéctica

Las estrategias productivas y comerciales de la Politica Agricola Comun (PAC) de la Union Europea (UE) se relacionan de forma dialectica con el progresivo deterioro de la soberania alimentaria de America Latina. Por medio de la PAC, la UE ha impulsado y apoyado un sistema agroalimentario insostenible que causa graves impactos economicos, sociales y ambientales en los paises latinoamericanos. El mantenimiento del modelo de consumo europeo basado en la carne y otras proteinas de origen animal y el alcance de la proxima reforma de la PAC encaminada a producir menos y comprar mas a bajo precio en los mercados mundiales supondra un renovado ciclo de explotacion de los recursos naturales latinoamericanos, fenomeno que conllevara una sustitucion aun mayor de los cultivos de consumo humano por las materias primas de exportacion, el aumento de la deforestacion y la destruccion de los ecosistemas, el auge del monocultivo, el desplazamiento de los pequenos campesinos, el incremento de la pobreza rural, la agudizacion de la desnutricion y el hambre, el crecimiento de la inseguridad alimentaria y la perdida de la soberania alimentaria de los pueblos.
Validation of Human Papillomavirus as a Favourable Prognostic Marker and Analysis of CD8+ Tumour-infiltrating Lymphocytes and Other Biomarkers in Cancer of Unknown Primary in the Head and Neck Region.

BACKGROUND Human papillomavirus (HPV) is a favourable prognostic factor in oropharyngeal cancer. Moreover, we and others reported that HPV-positive cancer of unknown primary in the head and neck region (HNCUP) has better outcome than HPV-negative HNCUP. However, not all studies concord. Here, our previous finding was investigated in a new cohort and additional biomarkers were analyzed. MATERIALS AND METHODS A total of 19 HNCUPs diagnosed 2008-2013 were analyzed for HPV DNA by polymerase chain reaction assay (PCR) and p16 by immunohistochemistry (IHC). Thereafter, 69 HNCUPs diagnosed between 2000-2013 were analyzed for HPV16 mRNA by PCR (if HPV16DNA-positive) and cluster of differentiation 8 positive (CD8+) tumour-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) and human leukocyte antigen (HLA) class I-expression using IHC. RESULTS HPV DNA, alone and in combination with p16 overexpression, was validated as a favourable prognostic factor in HNCUP. HPV16 mRNA was present in most HPV16 DNA-positive cases, confirming HPV-driven carcinogenesis in HNCUP. High CD8+ TIL counts indicated favourable prognosis. CONCLUSION HPV status is useful for the management of patients with HNCUP and the role of CD8+ TILs should be further explored.
A Novel Web Page Classification Model using an Improved k Nearest Neighbor Algorithm

full potential, automatic classification of web pages into web directories has become more significant. These web directories help the search engines to provide users with relevant and quick retrieval results. In this paper a novel approach to web page classification is implemented by combining the k nearest neighbor classifier (kNN) and association rule mining algorithm. The web pages are preprocessed and discretized before inducing the classifier. The proposed method for web page classification uses a) a feature weighting scheme based on association rules and b) a distance weighted voting scheme. This distance weighted voting scheme enables the model to work for any value of k, being odd or even. Experiments done on a benchmarking data set namely, WebKB have shown that the web page classification accuracy by the proposed method is significantly better than many of the existing web page classification methods.
Electromagnetic shields of the air-core compulsator

Air-core compulsator is a specially designed generator capable of delivering high current pulses to a low-impedance load, such as the electromagnetic railgun. Due to the absence of ferromagnetic material, the field strength in air-core compulsator can reach to 4~6 T. Therefore electromagnetic shields are required to protect the surrounding operators and instruments from exposure to high magnetic fields. This paper investigates the design methodology of the shield as well as its influence on the performance of the machine. A dynamic model is built to analyze the shielding effect and its performance trade-offs of a reference compulsator. The result indicates that the effect of the eddy current shield is much better than the magnetic shield using ferromagnetic material, due to the high frequency and the magnetic saturations. The magnetic field can be completely screened inside the conducting shield, at expenses of some electrical, mechanical, and thermal performance. Since the eddy current density is sensitive to the location of the shield, the influences of the conducting shield are parametrically analyzed. By using the electromagnetic and thermal coupling field link, the temperature rise of the shield is also calculated. Analysis results can provide the theoretical guides for the shielding of the air-core compulsator investigation in the future.
Serratia marcescens Infections and Outbreaks in Neonatal Intensive Care Units

Abstract Serratia marcescensis an important cause of hospital-acquired infections, especially in neonatal intensive care units (NICUs). this review analyzes clinical signs, risk factors, biotyping and sources of infection in newborns exhibited by this bacteria as well as the therapy which is commonly used and management. This review examines the reported cases of outbreaks of S. marcescensin NiCUs published in pubmed over the last 10 years. This report highlights the different prevention and control strategies employed in order to eradicate Serratia out breaks in NICUs, including all healthcare procedures such as hand washing, introduction of alcohol-based antiseptic gel, enhanced cleaning and disinfection of medical equipment and wards, use of single-patient medical instruments, cohorting of colonized and infected infants, periodic screening cultures, earliest discharge of the infants.
Towards An Interactive Keyword Search over Relational Databases

Keyword search over relational databases has been widely studied for the exploration of structured data in a user-friendly way. However, users typically have limited domain knowledge or are unable to precisely specify their search intention. Existing methods find the minimal units that contain all the query keywords, and largely ignore the interpretation of possible users' search intentions. As a result, users are often overwhelmed with a lot of irrelevant answers. Moreover, without a visually pleasing way to present the answers, users often have difficulty understanding the answers because of their complex structures. Therefore, we design an interactive yet visually pleasing search paradigm called ExpressQ. ExpressQ extends the keyword query language to include keywords that match meta-data, e.g., names of relations and attributes. These keywords are utilized to infer users' search intention. Each possible search intention is represented as a query pattern, whose meaning is described in human natural language. Through a series of user interactions, ExpressQ can determine the search intention of the user, and translate the corresponding query patterns into SQLs to retrieve answers to the query. The ExpressQ prototype is available at http://expressq.comp.nus.edu. sg.
Using Three Way Data for Word Sense Discrimination

In this paper, an extension of a dimensionality reduction algorithm called non-negative matrix factorization is presented that combines both 'bag of words' data and syntactic data, in order to find semantic dimensions according to which both words and syntactic relations can be classified. The use of three way data allows one to determine which dimension(s) are responsible for a certain sense of a word, and adapt the corresponding feature vector accordingly, 'subtracting' one sense to discover another one. The intuition in this is that the syntactic features of the syntax-based approach can be disambiguated by the semantic dimensions found by the bag of words approach. The novel approach is embedded into clustering algorithms, to make it fully automatic. The approach is carried out for Dutch, and evaluated against EuroWordNet.
Identification of HuR as a protein implicated in AUUUA‐mediated mRNA decay

Expression of many proto‐oncogenes, cytokines and lymphokines is regulated by targeting their messenger RNAs for rapid degradation. Essential signals for this control are AU‐rich elements (AREs) in the 3′ untranslated region (UTR) of these messages. The ARE is loosely defined as the five‐nucleotide sequence AUUUA embedded in a uracil‐rich region. A trans‐acting factor, presumably a protein, binds the ARE and initiates recognition by the destabilization machinery. Numerous candidate ARE‐binding proteins have been proposed. We show that a 32 kDa protein in HeLa nuclear extracts characterized previously has RNA‐binding specificity that correlates with the activity of an ARE in directing mRNA decay. Purification and subsequent analyses demonstrate that this 32 kDa protein is identical to a recently identified member of the Elav‐like gene family (ELG) called HuR. The in vitro binding selectivity of HuR is indicative of an ARE sequence's ability to destabilize a mRNA in vivo, suggesting a critical role for HuR in the regulation of mRNA degradation.
The Semen Microbiome and Its Relationship with Local Immunology and Viral Load in HIV Infection

Semen is a major vector for HIV transmission, but the semen HIV RNA viral load (VL) only correlates moderately with the blood VL. Viral shedding can be enhanced by genital infections and associated inflammation, but it can also occur in the absence of classical pathogens. Thus, we hypothesized that a dysregulated semen microbiome correlates with local HIV shedding. We analyzed semen samples from 49 men who have sex with men (MSM), including 22 HIV-uninfected and 27 HIV-infected men, at baseline and after starting antiretroviral therapy (ART) using 16S rRNA gene-based pyrosequencing and quantitative PCR. We studied the relationship of semen bacteria with HIV infection, semen cytokine levels, and semen VL by linear regression, non-metric multidimensional scaling, and goodness-of-fit test. Streptococcus, Corynebacterium, and Staphylococcus were common semen bacteria, irrespective of HIV status. While Ureaplasma was the more abundant Mollicutes in HIV-uninfected men, Mycoplasma dominated after HIV infection. HIV infection was associated with decreased semen microbiome diversity and richness, which were restored after six months of ART. In HIV-infected men, semen bacterial load correlated with seven pro-inflammatory semen cytokines, including IL-6 (p = 0.024), TNF-α (p = 0.009), and IL-1b (p = 0.002). IL-1b in particular was associated with semen VL (r2 = 0.18, p = 0.02). Semen bacterial load was also directly linked to the semen HIV VL (r2 = 0.15, p = 0.02). HIV infection reshapes the relationship between semen bacteria and pro-inflammatory cytokines, and both are linked to semen VL, which supports a role of the semen microbiome in HIV sexual transmission.
The renin-angiotensin system does not contribute to the endothelial dysfunction and increased infarct size in rats exposed to second hand smoke

Introduction Both second hand smoke (SHS) and the renin-angiotensin system (RAS) contribute to endothelial dysfunction and increased infarct size in a rat ischaemia-reperfusion model. However, the potential interaction between SHS and the RAS is unknown. Methods Eighty-four rats were randomised into four groups: group C was a normal control; L was given 40 mg/kg/day of losartan in drinking water; SC and SL were exposed to SHS (smoking chamber) and given regular water or 40 mg/kg/day of losartan in drinking water, respectively. After six weeks of pre-treatment, rats were subjected to 17 minutes of left coronary artery occlusion and 2 hours of reperfusion with haemodynamic and ECG monitoring. Results Haemodynamics were not significantly different among the four groups. Losartan increased the threshold for ventricular fibrillation (p=0.0001) and reduced spontaneous ventricular arrhythmias (p=0.002) during ischaemia-reperfusion, while SHS did not (p=0.713, 0.110), and there was no interaction between losartan and SHS. The maximal endothelium-dependent vasorelaxation induced by a calcium ionophore (A23187) was increased by losartan (p=0.007). Myocardial infarct size was smaller in the losartan groups (p=0.032), larger in the SHS groups (p=0.0001), and there was no significant interaction. Conclusion In conclusion, losartan decreased infarct size and increased endothelium-dependent vasorelaxation. SHS exposure impaired endothelial function and increased infarct size. The effects of losartan and SHS were consistently independent of each other. These results suggest that the RAS does not contribute to the adverse effects of SHS.
Interference among the Processing of Facial Emotion, Face Race, and Face Gender

People can process multiple dimensions of facial properties simultaneously. Facial processing models are based on the processing of facial properties. The current study examined the processing of facial emotion, face race, and face gender using categorization tasks. The same set of Chinese, White and Black faces, each posing a neutral, happy or angry expression, was used in three experiments. Facial emotion interacted with face race in all the tasks. The interaction of face race and face gender was found in the race and gender categorization tasks, whereas the interaction of facial emotion and face gender was significant in the emotion and gender categorization tasks. These results provided evidence for a symmetric interaction between variant facial properties (emotion) and invariant facial properties (race and gender).
The Challenge of Normative Influences for Program Design for Youth in Detention

Young people in detention are at greater risk of death and disability from injury sustained while not in custody. Injury prevention and mental health programs have been designed for this group but their theoretical basis is rarely discussed. The present study investigates whether the conceptual basis of the Theory of Planned Behavior (TPB) is relevant to youth in a detention center. Focus group and observational data were collected. A thematic analysis supported central theoretical constructs and emphasized “Subjective Norms. ” The challenge of normative influences must be actively addressed in the design of health interventions for youth in detention.
STRASSEN ’ S ALGORITHM ON COARSE GRAINED MULTICOMPUTERS

The “standard” naive algorithm for computing the product of two n n × matrices that is typically presented in an introduction to linear algebra runs in ( ) 3 n Θ time on a sequential computer. Strassen [11] developed a recursive algorithm that computes the product of two n n × matrices in ( ) ( ) 81 . 2 7 log2 n O n = Θ sequential time. We present an efficient implementation of Strassen’s algorithm on coarse grained multicomputers with “nice” architectures.
Functional and anatomical connectivity in Complex Regional Pain Syndrome: A Multi-modal magnetic resonance imaging study

Pain processing relies on a distributed network of cortical regions. It is therefore proposed that cortical connectivity analyses may be useful for examining the abnormal cortical network interactions that modulate pain perception, and other symptoms, in chronic pain conditions. The present study used functional magnetic resonance imaging and diffusion weighted magnetic resonance imaging to investigate differences in functional and anatomical connectivity between healthy controls and patients with complex regional pain syndrome (type 1). It was hypothesised that this chronic pain condition would associate with changes in functional connectivity within resting-state networks, as well as changes in fractional anisotropy in white matter tracts. Results suggested that there is increased functional connectivity between regions of the sensorimotor resting-state network, and that there is decreased fractional anisotropy in the portion of the superior longitudinal fasciculus connecting these regions. These regions correspond to primary and secondary somatosensory cortices, which have been implicated in the sensory-discriminative aspect of pain processing. This supports the hypothesis that there are both functional and anatomical changes within pain processing networks, in patients with complex regional pain syndrome.
A transient resistance to blood-stage malaria in interferon-γ-deficient mice through impaired production of the host cells preferred by malaria parasites

IFN-γ plays both pathological and protective roles during blood-stage malaria. One of its pathological roles is its contribution to anemia by suppressing erythropoiesis. Here, to evaluate the effects of IFN-γ-mediated alterations in erythropoiesis on the course of malaria infection, mice deficient in IFN-γ (GKO) were infected with two strains of the rodent malaria parasite Plasmodium yoelii, 17XL (PyL) and 17XNL (PyNL), whose host cell ranges differ. Regardless of genotype, all mice infected with PyL, which can invade any erythrocyte, developed high parasitemia and died quickly. Although PyNL caused a transient non-lethal infection in wild-type (WT) mice, some GKO mice were unable to control the infection and died. However, GKO mice were resistant to the early phase of infection, showing an impaired increase in parasitemia compared with WT mice. This resistance in the GKO mice was associated with having significantly fewer reticulocytes, which are the preferred host cells for PyNL parasites, than the WT mice. Compared with the amount of reticulocytes in GKO mice during the early stages of infection, there was a significant increase in the amount of these cells at later stages, which coincided with the inability of these mice to control the infection. We found that the growth of PyNL parasites correlated with the amount of reticulocytes. Thus, the reduced number of reticulocytes in mice lacking IFN-γ appears to be responsible for the limited parasite growth. Notably, these differences in GKO mice were at least partially reversed when the mice were injected with exogenous IFN-γ. Additionally, an artificial induction of hemolytic anemia and an increase in reticulocytes by phenylhydrazine treatment in GKO mice completely abolished the lower parasitemia and resistance during early phase infection. These results suggest that IFN-γ may contribute to the early growth of PyNL parasites by increasing the amount of reticulocytes, presumably by enhancing erythropoiesis.
Inheritance of frontotemporal dementia.

BACKGROUND Previous studies of families with fronto-temporal dementia (FTD) support an autosomal dominant inheritance pattern, but most studies have described genetic transmission in individual families specifically selected for the presence of multiple affected individuals. OBJECTIVE To investigate the familial presentation and inheritance of FTD and related disorders among a large group of FTD index cases unselected for family history of dementia. DESIGN AND SETTING We interviewed family members and reviewed medical records and autopsy reports at a university hospital and a university-affiliated hospital to determine the frequency of familial FTD and the most likely mode of inheritance. Characteristic families with the disorder are described, along with the history, clinical findings, and neuroimaging results in affected members of these families. PATIENTS AND PARTICIPANTS The 42 index cases of FTD had a mean age of onset of 56.1 years (range, 40-69 years). Of these patients, 21 (50%) were women. All but one of the patients were white. Participants included male and female spouses and children of the index cases. family member with an FTD spectrum disorder and were considered familial cases. The majority (17 [89%]) of familial FTD cases showed a pattern consistent with dominant inheritance. If depression is excluded, familial cases decrease from 19 (45%) to 17 (40%), of which 15 (88%) showed a dominant transmission pattern. The initial presentations in the nonindex familial cases varied but most frequently consisted of personality and behavioral changes that preceded cognitive impairment (19 [43%]), followed by psychiatric illness (14 [33%]), dementia without behavioral change (5 [11%]), amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (5 [11%]), and parkinsonism (2[5%]). Two of the affected nonindex cases had dual presenting diagnoses. The average age of onset was 56.1 years and did not differ significantly between familial and nonfamilial cases. Onset of FTD-related symptoms occurred after the age of 65 years in only 4(10%) of 42 index cases and 3 (5%) of 60 affected relatives. CONCLUSIONS Familial FTD is usually inherited in an autosomal dominant pattern. The initial onset is insidious, often consisting of mood and behavioral changes occurring in presenile years that are often erroneously attributed to other nonneurologic causes. Although the precise incidence of FTD in North America is not known, it is one of the most common presenile dementias.
Stakeholder Governance and Organizational Performance: Lessons from past privatizations;Gouvernance partenariale et performance organisationnelle:les enseignements des privatisations passées

Cet article pose deux questions, l'une relative a la problematique fondamentale du lien entre propriete et performance dans le cas emblematique de la privatisation, l'autre relative a la portee explicative de la theorie de la gouvernance. En reconsiderant le debat traditionnel fonde sur le "simple" transfert de propriete au profit d'agents prives, notre reflexion releve d'une analyse des regles du jeu organisationnel qui gouvernent le processus de decision. Dans une perspective partenariale de la valeur, quid des effets de la privatisation sur le processus decisionnel et sur ses interactions avec les mecanismes de gouvernance qui sont supposes l'encadrer ? Ce renouvellement de perspective offre en retour, une opportunite de statuer sur la theorie de la gouvernance partenariale. Cet article sollicite ainsi une reflexion ouverte sur les axes de recherche de la theorie de la gouvernance dans la comprehension d'une logique continue d'adaptation de l'entreprise a son environnement. This paper asks two questions. One is related to the basic links between property and performance in the symbolic case of privatisation. The second question is related to the explanatory power of the corporate governance theory. By re-interpreting the traditional debate based on the "simple" transfer of property to private agents, we analyze the rules of the organizational game which are supposed to govern the decision process. In a stakeholder perspective of the value, what are the effects of privatisation on the decision making process and its links with governance mechanisms? This renewal is an opportunity to examine the stakeholder corporate governance theory. This paper concludes with an open discussion about the research agenda for understanding the adaptative dynamics of the organisation to its environment.
Targeting Promyelocytic Leukemia Protein: A Means to Regulating PML Nuclear Bodies

The promyelocytic leukemia protein (PML) is involved in many cellular processes including cell cycle progression, DNA damage response, transcriptional regulation, viral infection, and apoptosis. These cellular activities often rely on the localization of PML to unique subnuclear structures known as PML nuclear bodies (NBs). More than 50 cellular proteins are known to traffic in and out of PML NBs, either transiently or constitutively. In order to understand the dynamics of these NBs, it is important to delineate the regulation of PML itself. PML is subject to extensive regulation at transcriptional, post-transcriptional, and post-translational levels. Many of these modes of regulation depend on the cellular context and the presence of extracellular signals. This review focuses on the current knowledge of regulation of PML under normal cellular conditions as well as the role for regulation of PML in viral infection and cancer.