Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Comparative Skeletal Muscle Histopathologic and Ultrastructural Features in Two Forms of Polysaccharide Storage Myopathy in Horses

Polysaccharide storage myopathy (PSSM) has been found in more than 35 different horse breeds through identification of abnormal storage of polysaccharide in muscle biopsies. A dominant mutation in the glycogen synthase 1 gene (GYS1) accounts for a substantial proportion of PSSM cases in at least 17 breeds, including Quarter Horses, but some horses diagnosed with PSSM by muscle histopathologic analysis are negative for the mutation. We hypothesized that a second distinct form of glycogen storage disease exists in GYS1 -negative horses with PSSM. The objectives of this study were to compare the histopathologic features, ultrastructure of polysaccharide, signalment, history, and presenting complaints of GYS1 -negative Quarter Horses and related breeds with PSSM to those of GYS1 -positive horses with PSSM. The total histopathologic score in frozen sections of skeletal muscle stained with hematoxylin and eosin, periodic acid Schiff (PAS) and amylase-PAS stains from 53 GYS1-negative horses did not differ from that of 52 GYS1 -positive horses. Abnormal polysaccharide was fine granular or homogenous in appearance (49/53; 92%), often amylase-sensitive (28/53; 53%), more commonly located under the sarcolemma, and consisting of β glycogen particles in GYS1 -negative horses. However, in GYS1 -positive horses, abnormal polysaccharide was usually coarse granular (50/52; 96%), amylase-resistant (51/52; 98%), more commonly cytoplasmic, and consisting of β glycogen particles or, in some myofibers, filamentous material surrounded by β glycogen particles. Retrospective analysis found that GYS1 -negative horses (n = 43) were younger at presentation (4.9 ± 0.6 years vs. 6.7 ± 0.3 years for GYS1 -positive horses) and were more likely to be intact males than GYS1 -positive horses (n = 160). We concluded that 2 forms of PSSM exist and often have distinctive abnormal polysaccharide. However, because evaluation of the histologic appearance of polysaccharide can be subjective and affected by age, the gold standard for diagnosis of PSSM at present would appear to be testing for the GYS1 mutation followed by evaluating muscle biopsy for characteristic abnormal polysaccharide in those horses that are negative for the mutation.
Photoelectrochemical Activities of W-Doped Titania Nanotube Arrays Fabricated by Anodization

Titania nanotube arrays and W-doped (containing 3-wt% W) titania nanotube arrays were obtained using a direct anodization method in ethylene glycol electrolyte containing 0.5-wt% HF at 60 V. Anneal was conducted to get anatase crystals. The microstructure and crystal structure of the nanotubes were characterized by scanning electron microscopy and X-ray diffraction. The ultraviolet-visible diffuse reflectance spectra of the annealed samples show that the addition of W led to the red shift of absorbance edge and a decrease of bandgap energy for about 0.14 ev. The photoelectrochemical behavior of these samples has been also studied. Results show that photocurrent densities of W-doped titania nanotube arrays were much larger than that of the undoped sample.
Relative Wages, Efficiency Wages, and Keynesian Unemployment

While modern economic theorists have produced a variety of explanations for the failure of wages to fall in the face of unemployment, Keynes emphasis on relative wages has not been reflected in most contemporary discussions. This short paper suggests that relative wage theories in which workers' productivity depends primarily on their relative wage provide the best available apparatus for understanding actual unemployment and its fluctuations. Such theories are very closely related to the efficiency wage theories that have received widespread attention in recent years.
Genetic evidence for the involvement of τ in progressive supranuclear palsy

A dinucleotide repeat polymorphism in a τ intron was identified and used in a case‐control study to analyze the genetic association of τ with several neurodegenerative disease with τ pathology. Subjects with the homozygous τ AO alleles were excessively represented in the progressive supranuclear palsy (PSP) group, compared with the age‐matched healthy control group. Consequently, this allele is more frequently found in PSP than in a group of healthy subjects. This trend was not found in Alzheimer's disease or parkinsonism‐dementia complex of Guam, both of which are accompanied by major τ pathology. The result suggests τ possible involvement of τ in the pathogenesis of PSP.
Power in the boardroom: a study on Turkish family-owned and listed companies

Purpose – The purpose of this study is to understand the power dynamics of the boards of directors in family‐owned and listed Turkish companies. Power and dominance in the boardroom can be studied in relation to three variables: the institutional environment in which the firm is embedded; the structural configurations of the board; and the top manager's propensity to exercise his/her power resources. Focusing on the board level, this paper aims to conceptualize power dynamics as being composed of structural attributes, roles assumed, responsibilities, dependency and representation.Design/methodology/approach – The research domain of this exploratory study is family‐owned and listed companies operating on the Istanbul Stock Exchange (ISE). The data for the study were collected from three different sources: a survey administered to members of the boards of directors; discourse analysis of corporate governance compliance reports of the same companies; and in‐depth interviews conducted with board members.Find.
Feeding value of cottonseed meal for feedlot cattle.

One hundred twenty crossbred steers (294 kg, initially) were used in a 141-d finishing trial. Four concentrations (8, 16, 24, and 32% of diet DM) of cottonseed meal (CSM, prepressed solvent-extracted) replaced steam-flaked corn in a corn-based finishing diet. Increasing level of CSM decreased ADG (linear component, P < .10), feed efficiency (linear component, P < .01), and dietary NE (linear component, P < .01). Observed dietary NE was 99% of expected at 8 and 16% CSM but 95% of expected at higher levels of inclusion (linear component, P < .05). Level of CSM did not influence (P > .10) dressing percentage, longissimus area, fat thickness, or retail yield. Eight Holstein steers (285 kg) were used in a replicated 4 x 4 Latin square design to evaluate treatment effects on characteristics of digestion. Ruminal digestibility of OM decreased (linear component, P < .05) as CSM increased, although ruminal digestibility of starch and feed N were not affected (P > .10). Ruminal escape protein from CSM was 58%. Total tract starch digestion was not altered (P > .10), but total tract digestibility of OM and GE decreased (linear component, P < .05) and digestion of N increased (linear component, P < .01) as CSM replaced steam-flaked corn. The ratio of observed to expected DE value of the diets was similar across CSM levels, averaging . 99. Thus, comparative DE value of CSM was not affected by level of inclusion, averaging 3.32 Mcal/kg. We conclude that the NEm and NEg values of CSM are 1.88 and 1.24 Mcal/kg, respectively, and in close agreement with tabular values. However, CSM should not exceed 16% of DMI, because higher levels may depress cattle performance and replacement value of CSM.
Dividing The Commons: Politics, Policy, and Culture in Botswana

Debates about resource allocation and development strategies in Africa tend to polarise between those who invoke theories justifying privatisation everywhere and those who cite failed projects and culturally specific understandings to question its feasibility in Africa. Adherents to these positions generally talk past one another. "Dividing the Commons" is a study of the political and cultural dynamics of privatisation of rangeland in southern Botswana that provides a way of advancing debate. At the centre of the book is an examination of syndicates, groups of cattlemen who own and manage boreholes (deep wells with motorised pumps), from the 1930s to 1994. Changes in herd and range management, increasing numbers of cattle and boreholes, and the contradiction between private water sources and a communal range have all combined to promote private claims to pastures. The Tribal Grazing Land Policy put into practice since the mid 1970s has intensified the shift to privatisation. Pauline E. Peters shows how the current grazing land policy, like the water development policies of the 1930s, is part of an historical process through which resources are allocated, wealth created or destroyed, and some interests promoted at the cost of others. At the heart of the dividing of the common range are struggles over meanings, cultural contestations over the definitions of property and the priority of rights. Peter's analysis provides the basis for a stringent critique of Hardin's "tragedy of the commons" thesis, one of the most influential paradigms of our time. She also demonstrates that the models used by analysts and policymakers to interpret or direct change in Botswana's range are just as much cultural and political products as are the practices and ideas of the Tswana cattlemen and syndicates. "Dividing the Commons" should be of interest to students and specialists of African studies, politics and political economy; development studies, pastoral resources management, and property relations; and the history and theory of anthropology.
Cyclotron motion of two Coulombically interacting ion clouds with implications to Fourier-transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry.

This work investigates the cyclotron motion of two Coulombically interacting ion clouds with different mass-to-charge ratios. Trap geometry as well as the shape of each ion cloud determines the maximum number of ions that can be confined in a Penning-like ion trap. We consider the two important cases of either spherically or cylindrically shaped ion clouds. These models exhibit the most important space charge effects in Fourier-transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry including frequency shifts, amplitude and phase modulation, and phase locking. Both positive and negative frequency shifts are possible for spherical ion clouds when their cyclotron radii differ. Due to the Coulombic ineraction between ion clouds, both cyclotron-radius and phase modulation occur. This modulation increases inversely to the cyclotron frequency difference. Cyclotron phase locking results when two ion clouds have similar mass-to-charge ratios and a sufficiently large ion population, at which point a mass spectrum shows only a single peak. Spherical ion clouds are usually more likely to phase lock than cylindrically shaped clouds. The phase-locking threshold sets limits on the maximum resolution, mass accuracy, and dynamic range achievable by mass spectrometry. Phase locking is treated in detail and our results are compared to previously published experimental data. Themore » present model quantitatively describes the onset of phase locking as well as the general trends in frequency shifts and measured abundances just before phase locking. « less
Endogenous Trade Policies, WTO Rules and International Capital Movement

This paper views the modern world economy to be constructed with democratic countries that implement trade policies as an income distribution policy, World Trade Organization that intends to improve world welfare by prohibiting export subsidies but allowing import and export tariffs, and international capital movement. Based on this view, it explores the effects of these WTO rules on the volume of international trade in goods, the direction and volume of international capital movement and world welfare in a two-country, two-good, two-factor model with capital specific to the production of one good and internationally different production technologies. It shows that if the export subsidies and import tariffs prevail as the Nash equilibrium trade-policy measures in the era before the WTO is established, the enforcement of those WTO rules reduces the volume of trade in goods, expands international capital movement the direction of which is the same as international trade in the capital-intensive good but shrinks international capital movement the direction of which is opposite to it, and the expansion in international capital movement cannot necessarily compensate the loss of world welfare caused by the reduction in international trade in goods and the failure in achieving the Pareto optimum in the domestic political equilibrium as a result of the prohibition of export subsidies.
Hypothetical Question Modes and Real Willingness to Pay

Abstract In the literature there are many, more or less well founded, reasons for favoring dichotomous choice over any other question modes that exist. One area that merits closer attention is which hypothetical question mode best approximates a real willingness to pay. In this paper a hypothetical dichotomous choice question is compared to a hypothetical open-ended question, and these are then compared to responses from a real valuation institution. This is done through controlled economic experiments using a private good. Contrary to most earlier studies, no difference between the two hypothetical question formats is found. The results may be regarded as support of the survey technique.
Suicide risk following child sexual abuse.

OBJECTIVE To determine the suicide rate and prevalence of suicide attempts and suicidal ideation in 183 young people who had experienced child sexual abuse and to examine variables related to the abuse, which may correlate with suicide attempts or suicidal ideation. METHODS Adolescents and young adults who had experienced child sexual abuse and individuals from a nonabused comparison group were asked about suicide attempts and suicidal ideation 5 and 9 years after intake to the study. Nine years after the abuse, a national death search was carried out to ascertain the number and causes of death in the 2 groups. Logistic regression was used to assess information on demographic and family functioning variables, the sexual abuse, notifications for other child abuse, criminal convictions, and out-of-home placements that were related to the outcome variables. RESULTS Young people who had experienced child sexual abuse had a suicide rate that was 10.7 to 13.0 times the national Australian rates. There were no suicides in the control group. Thirty-two percent of the abused children had attempted suicide, and 43% had thought about suicide since they were sexually abused. CONCLUSIONS Little information seems to be available to clinicians at the time of investigations for child sexual abuse in children that may identify those who are at increased risk of suicide. Abuse by an acquaintance, parental denial, or being angry with the child and not the abuser may predispose to suicide attempts but not necessarily to a completed suicide.
Recognition of Translation Initiation Sites of Eukaryotic Genes Based on an EM Algorithm

With the rapid increase of DNA databases of human and other eukaryotic model organisms, a large great number of genes need to be distinguished from the DNA databases. Exact recognition of translation initiation sites (TISs) of eukaryotic genes is very important to understand the translation initiation process, predict the detailed structure of eukaryotic genes, and annotate uncharacterized sequences. The problem has not been solved satisfactorily, especially for recognizing TISs of the eukaryotic genes with shorter first exons. It is an important task for extracting new features and finding new powerful algorithms for recognizing TISs of eukaryotic genes. In this paper, the important characteristics of shorter flanking fragments around TISs are extracted and an expectation-maximization (EM) algorithm based on incomplete data is used to recognize TISs of eukaryotic genes. The accuracy is up to 87.8% over a six-fold cross-validation test. The result shows that the identification variables are effectively extracted and the EM algorithm is a powerful tool to predict the TISs of eukaryotic genes. The algorithm also can be applied to other classification or clustering tasks in bioinformatics.
Information Flows Across Markets: Evidence from China–Backed Stocks Dual–Listed in Hong Kong and New York

Using a bivariate generalized autoregressive conditional heteroskedasticity (GARCH) model, we examine patterns of information flows for China-backed stocks that are cross-listed on exchanges in Hong Kong and New York. Results analyzing the dual-listed stocks indicate significant mutual feedback of information between domestic (Hong Kong) and offshore (New York) markets in terms of pricing and volatility. Stocks listed on the domestic market appear to play a more significant role of information transmission in the pricing process, whereas stocks listed on the offshore market play a bigger role in volatility spillover. Copyright 2002 by the Eastern Finance Association.
Biochemical modulation of fluorouracil: evidence of significant improvement of survival and quality of life in patients with advanced colorectal carcinoma.

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of several new approaches designed to enhance the activity of fluorouracil (5-FU) in the management of advanced colorectal cancer. A total of 429 patients were randomized to one of the following regimens: single-agent 5-FU, given by standard 5-day, intensive-course intravenous bolus technique; 5-FU plus high-dose folinic acid (leucovorin) or 5-FU plus low-dose leucovorin; 5-FU plus high-dose methotrexate (MTX) with oral leucovorin rescue; 5-FU plus low-dose MTX; and 5-FU plus cisplatin (CDDP). The median survival for patients receiving 5-FU alone was 7.7 months. The high- and low-dose leucovorin plus 5-FU regimens had median survivals of 12.2 and 12.0 months, respectively, and offered a significant survival advantage over 5-FU alone with one-sided P values of . 037 and . 050, respectively (P = .051 for each treatment after correction for prognostic variables). The only other regimen possibly associated with improved survival was high-dose MTX plus 5-FU, with a median survival of 10.5 months (P = .21, P = .076 corrected). In addition, both high- and low-dose leucovorin plus 5-FU regimens were associated with significantly improved tumor response rates (P = .04 and .001) and significantly improved interval-to-tumor-progression rates (P = .015 and .007) when compared with 5-FU alone. Only the low-dose leucovorin plus 5-FU regimen was associated with significant (P less than .05) superiority in each of the following parameters of quality of life: performance status, weight gain, and symptomatic relief. The overall most therapeutically favorable regimen in this trial was 5-FU given with low-dose leucovorin; fortuitously, this regimen is associated with very low drug cost. Whereas this is the first study to demonstrate both improved palliation and survival for any regimen compared with 5-FU given by rapid intravenous (IV) injection for 5 consecutive days at a dose of 500 mg/m2/d in patients with advanced colorectal cancer, the magnitude of the gain is still relatively small. Our low-dose leucovorin plus 5-FU regimen is currently being studied in a national trial with the hope that this increased advanced disease activity may produce more substantive gains in the surgical adjuvant setting.
Hypertonic Medium Treatment for Localization of Nuclear Material in Bovine Metaphase II Oocytes1

Abstract Oocytes enucleated at the second metaphase stage (MII) are often used as recipient cytoplasts for nuclear transfer. The oocyte's nuclear material has been traditionally removed blindly by aspirating the first polar body (Pb1) along with a portion of the cytoplasm. However, the Pb1-guided enucleation method is unreliable because the position of the Pb1 is variable. A previous study showed that pretreatment of mouse oocytes with 3% (0.09 M) sucrose allowed visualization of the metaphase spindle and chromosomes under standard light microscopy and led to a 100% enucleation rate. The same sucrose treatment, however, did not produce the same effect in bovine oocytes. In this study, we increased the concentration of sucrose to 0.3–0.9 M in PBS containing 20% fetal bovine serum (SPF) and found that the majority of the treated bovine oocytes (75%–86%) formed a small transparent bud into the perivitelline space, as compared with the 0.1 M sucrose (6%) or the no sucrose (0%) control groups. Staining of DNA with Hoechst 33342 revealed that these projections coincided with the position of the metaphase chromosomes in 100% of sucrose-treated oocytes, whereas only 31% of oocytes showed alignment of the position of Pb1 with their nuclear materials. Furthermore, 95% of oocytes treated in 0.3 M SPF were successfully enucleated by removing a small amount of cytoplasm adjacent to the projection. This is a significantly higher enucleation rate than that obtained by conventional Pb1-guided enucleation, even when a larger amount of cytoplasm was removed. For nuclear transfer, the enucleated oocytes treated with sucrose did not differ from the control oocytes in rates of fusion, cleavage, or development to blastocysts, or in the average cell numbers in blastocysts. This study demonstrated that 0.3 M sucrose treatment of bovine oocytes facilitates the localization of metaphase chromosomes under normal light microscopy and hence increases enucleation efficiency without compromising the in vitro development potential of cloned embryos by nuclear transfer.
Cholesterol Information and Egg Consumption in the U.S.: A Nonnormal and Heteroscedastic Double Hurdle Model

Previous studies suggest that the diffusion of cholesterol information is a major reason for the continuing decline in US per capita egg consumption. This study examines the effects of cholesterol information and demographic variables on egg consumption by applying a non-normal and heteroscedastic double-hurdle model and using data from the 1989-91 Continuing Survey of Food Intakes by Individuals (CSFII). Results show that cholesterol information is a deterrent in decisions about whether to consume eggs and how much to consume. The significant demographic variables include urbanisation, region, age, sex, race, ethnicity, and education. Copyright 1996 by Oxford University Press. (This abstract was borrowed from another version of this item.)
Economic News and Intraday Volatility in International Bond Markets

Kent G. Becker, Assistant Professor of Finance, School of Business and Management, Temple University; Joseph E. Finnerty, Professor of Finance, College of Commerce and Business Administration, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign; and Kenneth J. Kopecky, Walter D. and Mae S. Fuller Professor of Economics and Associate Professor of Finance, School of Business and Management, Temple University
Do Outward-Oriented Developing Economies Industrialize Faster?

This paper investigates the relationship between trade policy orientation and industrialization. Rates of industrial diffusion, rather than per capita output growth rates, are related to Dollar's (1992) index of real exchange rate distortion to establish the superiority of outward-oriented strategies in fostering industrial development. Results suggest developing countries will have more success in their efforts ot industrialize if they adopt outward-oriented trade strategies. [F13, O4]
Organizing Creativity in the Italian Fashion Industry

This study investigates the forces that influence creativity management in the Italian fashion industry. Adopting a qualitative approach, the authors examine how the tensions between creativity and business interests are confronted. Their findings show that balancing these tensions requires organizational integration mechanisms that are contingent upon cognitive distance and time constraints. The variables that explain the transition toward new organizational solutions are discussed, and the central function of liaison roles, as knowledge intermediation mechanisms, is highlighted. Suggestions for further research are proposed.