Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Effect of feeding an encapsulated source of butyric acid (ButiPEARL) on the performance of male Cobb broilers reared to 42 d of age.

The objective of this research was to determine the optimal level of an encapsulated butyric acid (ButiPEARL) based on the performance of male Cobb broilers reared to 42 d of age and to investigate its effects on intestinal morphology. Experiment 1 ( EXP 1: ) consisted of 4 treatments with 12 replicate pens that contained 45 broilers, and Experiment 2 ( EXP 2: ) consisted of 6 treatments with 8 replicate pens that contained 50 broilers. Birds were weighed by pen on d 0, 21, 35, and 42. In EXP 1, the treatments were as follows: 1) control ( C: ); 2) C + 100 g ButiPEARL/ton; 3) C + 200 g ButiPEARL/ton; and 4) C + 300 g ButiPEARL/ton. In EXP 2, the treatments were identical to EXP 1, with 2 additional treatments: 5) C + 400 g ButiPEARL/ton and 6) C + 500 g ButiPEARL/ton. In EXP 1, two 42-d-old broilers per pen were randomly selected for duodenal and jejunal tissue collection. Only the samples from the broilers fed the C or 300 g ButiPEARL treatments were analyzed for histology in EXP 1. For EXP 2, on d 21 and 35, two broilers per pen were randomly selected for duodenal, jejunal, and ileal tissue collection. For EXP 1 and 2, BW gain increased linearly with increasing butyric acid levels (P < 0.027 and P < 0.001, respectively). For EXP 1 and 2, feed conversion linearly improved with increasing butyric acid from 0 to 42 d (P < 0.001 and P < 0.001, respectively). In EXP 1, there were no differences in any intestinal morphology at 42 d between broilers fed the C or 300 g ButiPEARL treatments. In EXP 2, there were no differences in villus height at 21 or 35 d of age with any level of butyric acid. Based on the results of this research related to BW gain and feed conversion, the recommended optimum dosage level for ButiPEARL in broilers reared to 42 d of age is up to 500 g/ton.
Wintertime Gas‐Particle Partitioning and Speciation of Inorganic Chlorine in the Lower Troposphere Over the Northeast United States and Coastal Ocean

The formation of photolabile chlorine reservoirs depend on how much chloride is available in the particle to react, which requires the chlorine partitioning to the particle in the troposphere to be well understood. However, limited measurements of gas and particle composition necessary to constrain this chemistry exist. We present measurements from the Wintertime Investigation of Transport, Emissions, and Reactivity (WINTER) aircraft campaign that show inorganic tropospheric chlorine compounds (Cly) measured in the lower troposphere are dominated by HCl and PM4 particulate chloride (pCl−), with contributions from trace chlorine species like nitryl chloride (ClNO2), hypochlorous acid (HOCl), and molecular chlorine (Cl2). We observed elevated Cly mixing ratios over the ocean (540–625 pptv) compared to over land (178–225 pptv). Observations show 0–20% (0–0.2 μg/m3) of measured chlorine partitions into particles with a diameter less than 1 μm under typical WINTER conditions. The thermodynamic model, ISORROPIA II, overpredicts submicron pCl− by a factor of 2 but is brought into agreement, assuming a small fraction of unmeasured, refractory sea salt <0.1 μg/m3 exists. The model‐measurement disagreement could also be caused by an effective equilibrium constant for HCl that is too large. We derive a lower‐limit equilibrium function (Keq = 2.5 × 106 exp[5,208(1/T − 1/T0)] mol2·kg−2·atm−1) that lowers the model value's temperature dependency. This work provides constraints on Cly in the troposphere, addresses the sensitivity of chlorine partitioning to minor changes in environmental variables, and highlights the remaining questions interfering with our ability to correctly model pCl− concentrations.
Contention resolution algorithm for common subexpression elimination in digital filter design

In this paper, a new algorithm, called contention resolution algorithm for weight-two subexpressions (CRA-2), based on an ingenious graph synthesis approach has been developed for the common subexpression elimination of the multiplication block of digital filter structures. CRA-2 provides a leeway to break away from the local minimum and the flexibility of varying optimization options through a new admissibility graph. It manages two-bit common subexpressions and aims at achieving the minimal logic depth as the primary goal. The performances of our proposed algorithm are analyzed and evaluated based on benchmarked finite-impulse-response filters and randomly generated data. It is demonstrated that CRA-2 achieves the shortest logic depth with significant reduction in the number of logic operators compared with other reported algorithms.
Evidence for the significant role of immunoglobulin light chains in antigen recognition and selection in chronic lymphocytic leukemia.

We analyzed somatic hypermutation (SHM) patterns and secondary rearrangements involving the immunoglobulin (IG) light chain (LC) gene loci in 725 patients with chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL). Important differences regarding mutational load and targeting were identified in groups of sequences defined by IGKV/IGLV gene usage and/or K/LCDR3 features. Recurrent amino acid (AA) changes in the IGKV/IGLV sequences were observed in subsets of CLL cases with stereotyped B-cell receptors (BCRs), especially those expressing IGHV3-21/IGLV3-21 and IGHV4-34/IGKV2-30 BCRs. Comparison with CLL LC sequences carrying heterogeneous K/LCDR3s or non-CLL LC sequences revealed that distinct amino acid changes appear to be "CLL-biased. " Finally, a significant proportion of CLL cases with monotypic LC expression were found to carry multiple potentially functional LC rearrangements, alluding to active, (auto)antigen-driven receptor editing. In conclusion, SHM targeting in CLL LCs is just as precise and, likely, functionally driven as in heavy chains. Secondary LC gene rearrangements and subset-biased mutations in CLL LC genes are strong indications that LCs are crucial in shaping the specificity of leukemic BCRs, in association with defined heavy chains. Therefore, CLL is characterized not only by stereotyped HCDR3 and heavy chains but, rather, by stereotyped BCRs involving both chains, which generate distinctive antigen-binding grooves.
Model development to capture the improvement of shear strength of soil using Australian native vegetation

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DrumTop: Playing with Everyday Objects

We introduce a prototype of a new tangible step sequencer that transforms everyday objects into percussive musical instruments. DrumTop adapts our everyday task-oriented hand gestures with everyday objects as the basis of musical interaction, resulting in an easily graspable musical interface for musical novices. The sound, tactile, and visual feedback comes directly from everyday objects as the players program drum patterns and rearrange the objects on the tabletop interface. DrumTop encourages the players to explore the musical potentiality of their surroundings and be musically creative through rhythmic interactions with everyday objects. The interface consists of transducers that trigger a hit, causing the objects themselves to produce sound when they are in close contact with the transducers. We discuss how we designed and implemented our current DrumTop prototype and describe how players interact with the interface. We then highlight the players’ experience with Drumtop and our plans for future work in the fields of music education and performance.
The Deterrent and Displacement Effects of Information Security Enforcement:  International Evidence

We present two methodologies that adapt the event study from research in finance and economics to study the impact of enforcement on information security attacks. One uses linear regression with the number of attacks as the dependent variable and indicators of enforcement events as independent variables. The other measures the impact of enforcement by the difference between the actual and predicted number of attacks. We find limited evidence that domestic enforcement deters attacks within the country. However, we find compelling evidence of a displacement effect: U.S. enforcement substantially increases attacks originating from other countries. Our findings are robust to differences in the effective time window of enforcement.
Beyond the HUD - User Interfaces for Increased Player Immersion in FPS Games

The concept of immersion has been adapted by game developers and game critics to describe a deep and positive game experience. While the definition of this concept varies, the user interface of the game is often said to affect the degree to which players can immerse themselves in a game experience. In cooperation with game developer EA DICE, this master thesis aims to investigate how the notion of immersion affects, and is affected by, the user interface (UI) of first-person shooter games, with the ultimate purpose of delivering user interface guidelines for increased immersion. By conducting a study of contemporary first-person shooter (FPS) games, the current state of user interfaces in FPS games is documented. With the addition of a subjective study of FPS games as well as games of other genres, a design space for UI designers is mapped out in order to provide a structure upon which the guidelines can be built. A literature study of various resources within the fields of ludology, cognitive science and media studies is conducted in order to gain increased understanding of what immersion is and its relation to the game experience. The knowledge acquired is used to formulate various hypotheses of how player immersion is connected to the user interfaces of FPS games. These hypotheses are evaluated by user studies and user tests. Looking at the results of the user tests and the literature study, a final definition of immersion is proposed, upon which the guidelines are based. The first guideline, Know Your Design Space, explains the user interface design space of FPS games and encourages UI designers to look at it as a set of tools. Know Your Game discusses how the competitive focus of the game and the game fiction affects the user interface from an immersion point of view. The guideline Establish Player Agency focuses on how the player can be transferred into the game world by acting within it as an agent rather than simply a player of the game. Finally, Strengthen the Player-Avatar Perceptual Link suggests how the user interface can link the player closer to his in-game character on a perceptual level.
International Journal of Advances in Electrical and Electronics Engineering Design and Implementation of Solar Robot Controlling and Storage of Energy Based on Fpga

To explore integrated solar energy harvesting as a power source for low power systems such as wireless sensor nodes, an array of energy scavenging photodiodes(Light dependent resistances) based on a passive-pixel architecture for imagers and have been fabricated together with storage capacitors implemented using on-chip interconnect CMOS logic process. Integrated vertical plate capacitors enable dense energy storage without limiting optical efficiency. Recent advances in very low power signal processing architectures for sensors has created the opportunity to use CMOS photodiodes, similar to those used in digital cameras, for solar energy harvesting. Moreover, the increase in interconnect capacitance as CMOS processes scale provides an opportunity to store the harvested energy without requiring battery materials to be integrated on-chip. Measurements show 225 μW/mm2 output power generated by a light intensity of 20k LUX. And controlling the robot on light intensity either forward or backward direction. If light intensity is on LDR1 than LDR2 then the robot will move in forward direction else the robot will move in reverse direction
Histopathological study of placental bed biopsy in placenta previa

BACKGROUND To study placental bed biopsy changes in placenta previa and normally implanted placenta. SUBJECT AND METHOD Fifty placental bed biopsies from 50 patients with placenta previa and 50 placental bed biopsies from normally implanted placenta were taken at cesarean section. Placental bed biopsy was stained with hematoxyline and eosin for histological examination. Both the groups were compared for trophoblastic invasion and vascular changes of placental bed spiral arteries. Statistical analysis was done by Chi-square test. RESULTS Placenta bed biopsy was representative in 42/50 (84%) biopsy samples of the study group (placenta previa) and 35/50 (70%) of the control group (normally located placenta). Trophoblastic giant cell migration into decidua was present in 100% of representative samples of both the groups while migration into myometrium was seen in 66.67% and 51.14% of samples of study and control group. Average number of trophoblastic giant cells per sample was significantly higher in placenta previa (decidua 41.3%, myometrium 52%) than the control group (decidua 17.4%; myometrium 14.5%). Trophoblastic giant cell infiltration into myometrial spiral arterioles was higher in placenta previa (81.83 cells per vessel). Percentage of myometrial spiral arterioles showing physiological changes was significantly higher in the study group (50.39%) compared to the control group (21.14%). Incidence of inflammatory cell infiltration was higher in the study group (42.86%). Hemorrhage into decidua and myometrium were seen in biopsy samples of the placenta previa. CONCLUSION Placenta previa is associated with significantly higher trophoblastic giant cell infiltration and physiological changes of the myometrial spiral arterioles.
Error-bounded and Number-bounded Approximate Spatial Query for Interactive Visualization

Abstract In the big data era, an enormous amount of spatial and spatiotemporal data are generated every day. However, spatial query result sets that satisfy a query condition are very large, sometimes over hundreds or thousands of terabytes. Interactive visualization of big geospatial data calls for continuous query requests, and large query results prevent visual efficiency. Furthermore, traditional methods based on random sampling or line simplification are not suitable for spatial data visualization with bounded errors and bound vertex numbers. In this paper, we propose a vertex sampling method—the Balanced Douglas Peucker (B-DP) algorithm—to build hierarchical structures, where the order and weights of vertices are preserved in binary trees. Then, we develop query processing algorithms with bounded errors and bounded numbers, where the vertices are retrieved by binary trees’ breadth-first-searching (BFS) with a maximum-error-first (MEF) queue. Finally, we conduct an experimental study with OpenStreetMap (OSM) data to determine the effectiveness of our query method in interactive visualization. The results show that the proposed approach can markedly reduce the query results’ size and maintain high accuracy, and its performance is robust against the data volume.
Leveraging physical human actions in large interaction spaces

Large interaction spaces such as wall-size displays allow users to interact not only with their hands, like traditional desktop environment, but also with their whole body by, e.g. walking or moving their head orientation. While this is particularly suitable for tasks where users need to navigate large amounts of data and manipulate them at the same time, we still lack a deep understanding of the advantages of large displays for such tasks. My dissertation begins with a set of studies to understand the benefits and drawbacks of a high-resolution wall-size display vs. a desktop environments. The results show strong benefits of the former due to the flexibility of "physical navigation" involving the whole body when compared with mouse input. From whole-body interaction to human-to-human interaction, my current work seeks to leverage natural human actions to collaborative contexts and to design interaction techniques that detects gestural interactions between users to support collaborative data exchange.
Towards Higher-Level Supercompilation ?

We show that the power of supercompilation can be increased by constructing a hierarchy of supercompilers, in which a lowerlevel supercompiler is used by a higher-level one for proving improvement lemmas. The lemmas thus obtained are used to transform expressions labeling nodes in process trees, in order to avoid premature generalizations. Such kind of supercompilation, based on a combination of several metalevels, is called higher-level supercompilation (to differentiate it from higher-order supercompilation related to transforming higherorder functions). Higher-level supercompilation may be considered as an application of a more general principle of metasystem transition.
SLO-Driven Task Scheduling in MapReduce Environments

MapReduce is emerging as an important programming model for massive data processing. A key challenge in MapReduce environments is the ability to efficiently control resource allocation and task scheduling for achieving Service Level Objectives (SLOs) of MapReduce jobs. However, there are few effective task scheduling methods to guarantee MapReduce jobs' SLOs. Therefore, we address this challenge by proposing a SLO-driven task scheduling mechanism in this paper. Based on the MapReduce performance model we build, our mechanism dynamically adjusts resource allocation and task scheduling in order to guarantee the SLOs of jobs and improve global job utility. Experimental results show that our SLO-driven task scheduler effectively meets the specified job latency SLOs and enhances job utility on tested MapReduce programs.
Duffy Antigen Receptor for Chemokines Regulates Post-Fracture Inflammation

There is now considerable experimental data to suggest that inflammatory cells collaborate in the healing of skeletal fractures. In terms of mechanisms that contribute to the recruitment of inflammatory cells to the fracture site, chemokines and their receptors have received considerable attention. Our previous findings have shown that Duffy antigen receptor for chemokines (Darc), the non-classical chemokine receptor that does not signal, but rather acts as a scavenger of chemokines that regulate cell migration, is a negative regulator of peak bone density in mice. Furthermore, because Darc is expressed by inflammatory and endothelial cells, we hypothesized that disruption of Darc action will affect post-fracture inflammation and consequently will affect fracture healing. To test this hypothesis, we evaluated fracture healing in mice with targeted disruption of Darc and corresponding wild type (WT) control mice. We found that fracture callus cartilage formation was significantly greater (33%) at 7 days post-surgery in Darc-KO compared to WT mice. The increased cartilage was associated with greater Collagen (Col) II expression at 3 days post-fracture and Col-X at 7 days post-fracture compared to WT mice, suggesting that Darc deficiency led to early fracture cartilage formation and differentiation. We then compared the expression of cytokine and chemokine genes known to be induced during inflammation. Interleukin (Il)-1β, Il-6, and monocyte chemotactic protein 1 were all down regulated in the fractures derived from Darc-KO mice at one day post-fracture, consistent with an altered inflammatory response. Furthermore, the number of macrophages was significantly reduced around the fractures in Darc-KO compared to WT mice. Based on these data, we concluded that Darc plays a role in modulating the early inflammatory response to bone fracture and subsequent cartilage formation. However, the early cartilage formation was not translated with an early bone formation at the fracture site in Darc-KO compared to WT mice.
Self-determination theory in schools of education

In many graduate schools of education there is strong resistance to formal theories, especially those that are supported through quantitative empirical methods. In this article we describe how self-determination theory (SDT), a formal and empirically focused framework, shares sensibilities with critical theorists concerning the importance of actors' own embedded experiences of the world, and the importance of liberation and resistance to hegemony. Yet we argue that, unlike many post-modern views that are largely negative, SDT is truly critical precisely because it posits a common human nature, which can be more or less supported and allowed to flourish in different cultural and institutional contexts.
Buoyant balaenids: the ups and downs of buoyancy in right whales

A variety of marine mammal species have been shown to conserve energy by using negative buoyancy to power prolonged descent glides during dives. A new non–invasive tag attached to North Atlantic right whales recorded swim stroke from changes in pitch angle derived from a three-axis accelerometer. These results show that right whales are positively buoyant near the surface, a finding that has significant implications for both energetics and management. Some of the most powerful fluke strokes observed in tagged right whales occur as they counteract this buoyancy as they start a dive. By contrast, right whales use positive buoyancy to power glides during ascent. Right whales appear to use their positive buoyancy for more efficient swimming and diving. However, this buoyancy may pose added risks of vessel collision. Such collisions are the primary source of anthropogenic mortality for North Atlantic right whales, whose population is critically endangered and declining. Buoyancy may impede diving responses to oncoming vessels and right whales may have a reduced ability to manoeuvre during free ascents. These risk factors can inform efforts to avoid collisions.