Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Hydrograph separation: an impartial parametrisation for an imperfect method

Abstract. This paper presents a new method for hydrograph separation. It is well-known that all hydrological methods aiming at separating streamflow into baseflow – its slow or delayed component – and quickflow – its non-delayed component – present large imperfections, and we do not claim to provide here a perfect solution. However, the method described here is at least (i) impartial in the determination of its two parameters (a quadratic reservoir capacity and a response time), (ii) coherent in time (as assessed by a split-sample test) and (iii) geologically coherent (an exhaustive validation on 1664 French catchments shows a good match with what we know of France's hydrogeology). With these characteristics, the method can be used to perform a general assessment of hydroclimatic memory of catchments. Last, an R package is provided to ensure reproducibility of the results presented.
Estimating errors in cloud amount and cloud optical thickness due to limited spatial sampling using a satellite imager as a proxy for nadir‐view sensors

Cloud climatologies from space‐based active sensors have been used in climate and other studies without their uncertainties specified. This study quantifies the errors in monthly mean cloud amount and optical thickness due to the limited spatial sampling of space‐based active sensors. Nadir‐view observations from a satellite imager, the Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS), serve as a proxy for those active sensors and observations within 10° of the sensor's nadir view serve as truth for data from 2003 to 2013 in the Arctic. June–July monthly mean cloud amount and liquid water and ice cloud optical thickness from MODIS for both observations are calculated and compared. Results show that errors increase with decreasing sample numbers for monthly means in cloud amount and cloud optical thickness. The root‐mean‐square error of monthly mean cloud amount from nadir‐view observations increases with lower latitudes, with 0.7% (1.4%) at 80°N and 4.2% (11.2%) at 60°N using data from 2003 to 2013 (from 2012). For a 100 km resolution Equal‐Area Scalable Earth Grid (EASE‐Grid) cell of 1000 sample numbers, the absolute differences in these two monthly mean cloud amounts are less than 6.5% (9.0%, 11.5%) with an 80 (90, 95)%chance; such differences decrease to 4.0% (5.0%, 6.5%) with 5000 sample numbers. For a 100 km resolution EASE‐Grid of 1000 sample numbers, the absolute differences in these two monthly mean cloud optical thicknesses are less than 2.7 (3.8) with a 90% chance for liquid water cloud (ice cloud); such differences decrease to 1.3 (1.0) for 5000 sample numbers. The uncertainties in monthly mean cloud amount and optical thickness estimated in this study may provide useful information for applying cloud climatologies from active sensors in climate studies and suggest the need for future spaceborne active sensors with a wide swath.
Food Science of Animal Resources

Cacao has been shown to have antioxidant effects and health benefits. However, the applicability of cacao as a meat preservative has not been thoroughly evaluated. Here, we examined the effects of cacao nib extracts (CEs) on suppression of fat oxidation and enhancement of quality characteristics of pork patties. Cacao nib powder was extracted in distilled water or 50%, 70%, or 99% ethanol. CEs prepared using 70% ethanol had the highest total phenolic and total flavonoid contents, and the highest 1,1-diphenyl-2picrylhytdrazyl radical and 2,2’-azino-bis (3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) radical scavenging activities. Decompression-concentrated CEs prepared using 70% ethanol and 0.1% ascorbic acid were added to pork patties, and the physiochemical properties of the patties were measured. The pH of all pork patties increased during storage, but tended to decrease according to the CEs content. CEs enhanced the preservation of redness and texture of the pork patties during storage. Analysis of thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) in patties revealed that fat oxidation was highly suppressed in all treatment groups containing CEs during storage, and TBARS values decreased according to CE content. Treatment with 0.1% CE reduced fat oxidation to a level similar to that of treatment with 0.1% ascorbic acid. Consumer flavor preference increased according to CE content, and overall preference was the highest for patties prepared with 0.05% and 0.075% CEs. Overall, 70% ethanol was found to be the optimal concentration for extraction of cacao nibs, and adding 0.05% or 0.075% CEs to pork patties yielded the highest quality.
Food Science of Animal Resources

The aim of this study was to compare the effect of seawater to that of conventional salt (NaCl) on the technological properties of chicken emulsion sausages in a model system. Chicken sausages were prepared with seawater at three levels (10%, 15%, and 20%) in iced water (10%, 5%, and 0%, respectively) or with iced water (20%) and salt (1.2%). There was no difference in pH values and fat loss from emulsion stability between the two treatments. In general, with an increase in the amount of seawater, the water holding capacity (cooking yield and water loss), protein solubility (total and myofibrillar protein), and viscosity were increased. The addition of 20% seawater induced greater (p<0.05) water holding capacity, protein solubility, and viscosity compared to the control sample treated with salt, which was accompanied by an increase in the level of myosin heavy chain protein of samples with 10% and 20% seawater. Furthermore, addition of at least 15% seawater increased all of the main textural properties except for cohesiveness along with the moisture of sausage, whereas the fat and protein contents were decreased. Based on these results, the addition of ≥15% seawater to chicken breast sausage can induce equivalent or enhanced technological properties to those induced with salt, including water holding capacity, protein solubility, viscosity, and textural properties.
Random forest classifier for remote sensing classification

Growing an ensemble of decision trees and allowing them to vote for the most popular class produced a significant increase in classification accuracy for land cover classification. The objective of this study is to present results obtained with the random forest classifier and to compare its performance with the support vector machines (SVMs) in terms of classification accuracy, training time and user defined parameters. Landsat Enhanced Thematic Mapper Plus (ETM+) data of an area in the UK with seven different land covers were used. Results from this study suggest that the random forest classifier performs equally well to SVMs in terms of classification accuracy and training time. This study also concludes that the number of user‐defined parameters required by random forest classifiers is less than the number required for SVMs and easier to define.
A Newly Developed Rate Analysis Method for a Single Shale Gas Well

With a rapid growth in the shale gas industry, the development of a corresponding reservoir engineering theory was promptly needed. The decline laws for shale gas reservoirs differed dramatically from the traditional methods designed for conventional gas reservoirs. This paper summarized and compared the characteristics, assumptions and limitations of world's widely-used rate decline analysis methods for shale gas. Also, based on the field situations of gas wells, a rate decline analysis method, which is compatible with shale gas production, was presented. The method was validated by comparing its results with production data of shale gas wells in the Sichuan Basin. The advantage of the method, which is proposed in this study, is that it is not biased toward any gas production regime or WHP. By taking into account the different production regimes, it could provide a better analysis of the rate behavior characteristics in shale gas wells.
Food Science of Animal Resources

The objective of this study was to investigate the physicochemical and microbiological characteristics of round of Hanwoo by vacuum packaging film materials, polyvinylidene chloride (PVDC) and ethylene vinyl alcohol (EVOH). The packaged beef samples were stored in refrigerated conditions (2±1°C) for 12 weeks. Physicochemical analysis with pH, surface color, thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) values, and volatile basic nitrogen (VBN) values and microbiological analysis with aerobic plate count (APC) and metagenomic analysis of packaged beef samples were performed. The pH and surface color did not change substantially during the 12 weeks and EVOHpackaged beef tended to be lower than those of PVDC-packaged beef. PVDCand EVOHpackaged samples showed low TBARS and VBN values below standard limits. APC did not exceed 7 Log CFU/g for both samples during storage. In metagenomic analysis, Firmicutes and Lactobacillaceae were dominant phylum and family of the PVDCand EVOH-packaged beef. In both packaged samples, Dellaglioa algida was the dominant species during storage, with the notable difference being the presence of Lactococcus piscium. Therefore, this study provided the information on the quality of vacuumpackaged beef according to different vacuum films for long-term refrigerated storage.
Food Science of Animal Resources

Cognitive dysfunction is a common symptom of neurodegenerative diseases, such as Alzheimer’s disease, Parkinson’s disease, and Huntington’s disease, and is known to be caused by the structural and functional loss of neurons. Many natural agents that can improve cognitive function have been developed and assessed for efficacy using various cognitive deficit animal models. As the gut environment is known to be closely connected to brain function, probiotics are attracting attention as an effective treatment target that can prevent and mitigate cognitive deficits as a result of neurodegenerative diseases. Thus, the objective of this review is to provide useful information about the types and characteristics of cognitive deficit animal models, which can be used to evaluate the anti-cognitive effects of probiotics. In addition, this work reviewed recent studies describing the effects and treatment conditions of probiotics on cognitive deficit animal models. Collectively, this review shows the potential of probiotics as edible natural agents that can mitigate cognitive impairment. It also provides useful information for the design of probiotic treatments for cognitive deficit patients in future clinical studies.
Food Science of Animal Resources

The objective of this study was to evaluate antioxidant activities of eggplant (EP) powder with different drying methods and addition levels to pork sausages to improve product quality. Antioxidant activities of EP with different drying methods, particle sizes, and solvents of extraction were determined. Freeze dried (FD) EP extracted with 100% ethanol had higher 2,2-diphenyl-1picrylhydrazyl radical-scavenging activities (DPPH-RSA) and total phenolic content (TPC) values than other drying methods. FD500 had the highest iron chelating ability (ICA) value. Oven-dried (OD) EP at 60°C had the highest reducing power. Dried EP was added to sausages of six groups: control without EP, reference added with ascorbic acid, O1 and O2 added with 0.25% and 0.5% OD EP, respectively, and F1 and F2 added with 0.25% and 0.5% FD EP, respectively. Pork sausages added with O2 had the lowest TBARS and TPC values. These values increased during storage. Purge loss (%), lightness (L*), and redness (a*) values of F2 were lower than those of other groups, whereas sausages containing F2 had the highest yellowness (b*). pH values of sausages added with EP were increased regardless of the level of EP added. Hardness values of F2 were higher. However, there were no significant differences in other textural characteristics. Sausages added with EP had higher moisture and protein contents (%), but lower fat contents (%). These results indicate that EP powder could be used to retard lipid oxidation and inhibit microbial counts during storage time.
System Description : E-KRHyper

The E-KRHyper system is a model generator and theorem prover for first-order logic with equality. It implements the new E-hyper tableau calculus, which integrates a superposition-based handling of equality into the hyper tableau calculus. E-KRHyper extends our previous KRHyper system, which has been used in a number of applications in the field of knowledge representation. In contrast to most first order theorem provers, it supports features important for such applications, for example queries with predicate extensions as answers, handling of large sets of uniformly structured input facts, arithmetic evaluation and stratified negation as failure. It is our goal to extend the range of application possibilities of KRHyper by adding equality reasoning.
Quantification of Epileptic Electrical Sustained Activity during Sleep in BECT Patients

Electrical status epilepticus during sleep (ESES) is a specific EEG phenomenon induced by sleep with near-constant spike and slow wave emission. In the clinical diagnosis of its associated syndromes, the quantification of abnormal electroencephalography (EEG) during sleep, i.e. spike-wave index (SWI), is often used as an important reference standard. It is based on the characteristics of spikes and slow-spikes in the central temporal region. EEG signals can identify the presence of seizures for patients and provide information about the severity and extent of abnormal EEG activity during sleep, which helps doctors to better understand the patient’s physiological function and to develop individualised treatment and prognosis plans. In this paper, we proposed a novel method that combines deep learning and morphological operations to identify and quantify epileptic electrical sustained activity during sleep. The proposed method provides the mean SWI error of 6.04%, the Recall of 87.37% and the Precision of 56.11%. Besides, 15.2%, 64.6% and 85.3% could be achieved for PCT (1%), PCT (5%) and PCT (10%), respectively. The experimental results show that the proposed method has great potential for the clinical diagnosis and prognosis of children with epilepsy. It will help to provide long-range EEG detection for patients with ESES syndrome, thus offering the possibility of early treatment for patients.
Comparison of Three Statistical Methods on Landslide Susceptibility Analysis:A Case Study of Shenzhen City

Three statistical methods,the Logistic regression,generalized additive models(GAM),classification and regression tree(CART),were applied to the analysis of landslide susceptibility in Shenzhen using.By calculating the Kappa value and the area under the ROC curve(AUC)through 10-fold cross validation,the authors made comparison of the three methods and evaluated the credibility of the landslide susceptibility maps derived.It can be concluded that under the condition of the study area,GAM is the best method while the performances of the Logistic regression and CART are approximately same.The Logistic regression and CART can be used to automatically detect the important factors,but by GAM the relationship between every influencing factor and the dependent variable can be visualized.
Experiments of joint acquisition of seismic refraction and surface wave data

Dispersive Rayleigh waves, contained in conventional P-wave refraction records, can be used to determine the shear-wave velocity profile. In the present paper, the synergies of a cross interpretation of refraction and surface wave data are exploited using data collected at sites where other geotechnical and geophysical information was available. Selected examples are presented to emphasize the relative advantages and limitations of the two techniques in the cases of hidden layer, velocity inversions and shallow water table. Surface wave analysis was performed to estimate the experimental dispersion curves in the f–k domain and the results of the dispersion curves inversion were compared with refraction results in terms of velocity profiles. The experimental results prove that many advantages, in terms of resolution and reliability, can be obtained with joint acquisition and cross interpretation of P-wave refraction and surface wave data, without a significant increase in testing time.
Feasibility of Using an Automatic Lens Distortion Correction (ALDC) Camera in a Photogrammetric UAV System

This study examined the feasibility of using an automatic lens distortion correction (ALDC) camera as the payload for a photogrammetric unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) system. First, lens distortion for the interior orientation (IO) parameters was estimated. Although previous studies have largely ignored decentering distortion, this study revealed that more than 50% of the distortion of the ALDC camera was caused by decentering distortion. Second, we compared the accuracy of bundle adjustment for camera calibration using three image types: raw imagery without the ALDC option; imagery corrected using lens profiles; and imagery with the ALDC option. The results of image triangulation, the digital terrain model (DTM), and the orthoimage using the IO parameters for the ALDC camera were similar to or slightly better than the results using selfcalibration. These results confirm that the ALDC camera can be used in a photogrammetric UAV system using only self-calibration.
THEME ISSUE: Health Disparities and Cultural Competency Content in the Pharmacy Curriculum A Systematic Review of Assessment Tools Measuring Cultural Competence Outcomes Relevant to Pharmacy Education

Objective. To identify and describe validated assessment tools that measure cultural competence and are relevant to pharmacy education. Methods. A systematic approach was used to identify quantitative cultural competence assessment tools relevant to pharmacy education. A systematic search of the literature was conducted using the OVID and EBSCO databases and a manual search of journals deemed likely to include tools relevant to pharmacy education. To be eligible for the review, the tools had to be developed using a study sample from the United States, have at least one peer-reviewed validated publication, be applicable to the pharmacy pro-fession, and be published since 2010. Results. The systematic literature and manual search identified 27 tools. Twelve assessment tools met the criteria to be included in the summary and their relevancy to pharmacy education is discussed. Conclusion. A review of literature demonstrates that assessment tools vary widely and there is no one tool that can effectively assess all aspects of cultural competence in pharmacy students or the Doctor of Pharmacy curriculum. As cultural competence is a priority within the accreditation standards for pharmacy education, PharmD programs are encouraged to develop additional tools that measure observed performance.
Examination of riverine macro invertebrate riffle assemblages with particular reference to impact of tea plantations

Freshwater habitats are under threat globally due to human impacts and are relatively little studied in tropical areas. Therefore studies of biodiversity and the effects of human activities are important. In the present study we examined the macro invertebrate diversity in rivers of the East Usambara Mountains, Tanzania. We then focused on the effects of tea plantations as a form of land use in the catchment of our system. We also found that diversity was lower in the Usambara Mountains compared to the reference tropical site in Brazil. Our most salient finding was that tea had a significant effect on river macro invertebrate biodiversity.
Information Theory and the Pricing of Contingent Claims: An Alternative Derivation of the Black–Scholes–Merton Formula

This paper seeks to determine the best subjective probability to use to carry out expectation values of uncertain future cash flows with the smallest number of assumptions. This results in the unique distribution that guarantees no more information is present other than the stated assumptions. The result is a novel derivation of the well-known Black–Scholes equation without the need to introduce high-level mathematical machinery. This formalism fits nicely into introductory courses of finance, where the value of any financial instrument is given by the present value of uncertain future cash flows.
Population changes and biology of the Antipodean wandering albatross (Diomedea antipodensis)

The Antipodean wandering albatross (Diomedea antipodensis) is endemic to Antipodes Island in the New Zealand subantarctic. A programme of regular census and population study was initiated on Antipodes Island in 1994 to determine the status of the species. This paper reports on field work carried out every summer from 1994 to 2005. Aspects of breeding biology are described and compared with those of other species of wandering albatross, particularly the closely related Gibson's wandering albatross (D. gibsoni) on Adams Island. Average annual survival over 10 years was 0.957. Productivity was measured over 11 years and averaged 0.74 chicks per nesting pair. Survivorship was similar to that in the increasing Diomedea exulans population on Crozet Island, and productivity higher than recorded in all other wandering albatross populations. Between 1994 and 1997, the average annual number of pairs nesting on Antipodes Island was 5136. There is evidence of population decline during the 1970s but numbers are now increasing. Walker, K. ; Elliott, G. 2005. Population changes and biology of the Antipodean wandering albatross (Diomedea antipodensis). Notornis 52(4): 206-214.
Design and Experimental Verification of a Biologically Inspired Multi-Modal Wing for Aerial-Aquatic Robotic Vehicles

This paper describes the modeling, design, experimental testing and optimization of a flapping foil for use as an aquatic propulsive device on a robot capable of aerial and aquatic modes of locomotion. Motivation for the research stems from numerous avian species which use the same flapping mechanism as a means of propulsion in both mediums. The main aim of this research is to establish the optimal kinematic parameters during aquatic operations that maximise nondimensionalised performance measures, such as propulsive efficiency. Optimization of said parameters enables the direct comparison between outstretched and retracted wing morphologies and permits scaling for future robotic vehicles. Static foils representing the wing in both an extended and retracted orientation have been manufactured and tested over a range of kinematics. The gathered results enable validation of previously developed numerical models as well as quantifying achievable performance measures. This research focuses on the mechanical propulsive efficiencies and thrust coefficients as key performance measures whilst simultaneously considering the required mechanical input torques and the associated thrust produced.
Design and Experimental Verification of a Power Effective Flash-SAR Subranging ADC

This brief presents the architectural concept of an optimal subranging ADC, obtained with the cascade of a Flash and a SAR, which is also explored through its practical design and experimental confirmation. The solution doubles the optimal speed of operation of the SAR ADCs at the relative low power cost of a low-resolution Flash. The digital correction method and a capacitor-based DAC ensure nondemanding requirements for the Flash. The effectiveness of the architecture is verified in a 90-nm CMOS chip whose active core area is 0.64 mm. The ADC obtains a peak SNDR of 51.8 dB and SFDR of 63.4 dB at 90 MS/s consuming 13.5 mW from a 0.9-V supply. Measured DNL and INL are 0.87 LSB and 1.55 LSB, respectively.