Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Standing shocks in accretion flows onto black holes

Using standard radial, time-independent, fluid hydrodynamic equations with simplified heating and cooling functions, we find that solutions with standing shocks occur and are uniquely defined in a part of the luminosity-efficiency plane in which no stationary solutions (without shocks) otherwise exist. In an analytic discussion we find necessary conditions for the existence of solutions with two sonic points and point out that these will often be satisfied in astrophysical environments. Fifteen specific solutions are displayed in graphical or tabular form. Typically the outer (isothermal) sonic point is at 10/sup 7/r/sub s/, the standing shock at 10/sup 6/r/sub s/, and the inner sonic point at 10/sup 4/r/sub s/, where the gas temperature approaches the temperature of the interior source of radiation and the Compton effect tends to cool rather than heat the inflowing gas. These results are intended to be illustrative of a new phenomenon, and many questions remain unanswered, primary among them the stability of the new solutions and the domain within which they exist.
Application of ultrasonic data to classify bovine muscles

Classification of bovine muscles was determined from ultrasonic data. Samples of three muscle types were taken from animals of different ages. Acoustical parameters (velocity, attenuation and backscattering intensity) were used to classify them according to biological factors (castration, muscle type and animal age). Some global classification results gave significant scores (over 80% of well classified samples) and certain sample groups resulted in 100% successful classification. Most of classification results could be related to sample chemical composition.
Coalition Formation in Multi-agent Systems Based on Improved Particle Swarm Optimization Algorithm

How to generate the task-oriented optimal agent coalition is a key issue of multi-agent system, which is a typical optimization problem. In this paper, an improved particle swarm optimization (IPSO) is proposed to solve this problem. In order to overcome the premature and local optimization problem in traditional particle swarm optimization (PSO), we proposed a variation of inertia weight PSO algorithm by analyzing the feasibility of particle optimization process in PSO. Compared with several well-known algorithms such as PSO, ACO, experimental results show that the global search capability of IPSO has been significantly improved and IPSO can effectively avoid premature convergence problem. Also it can solve the multi-agent coalition formation problem effectively and efficiently.
Use of the moon as a calibration reference for NPP VIIRS

The Moon has served as a reference for several satellite instruments including SeaWiFS and MODIS, both of which provide design innovations for NPP VIIRS. However, as yet, the Moon is not a formal part of the calibration baseline for NPP VIIRS. In particular, the lunar measurements by the MODIS instruments require on-orbit maneuvers (spacecraft rolls of up to 20 degrees) to maintain a constant lunar phase angle. Here, we use a simulated set of NPP VIIRS lunar measurements to demonstrate the quality of the Moon as a reference for long-term measurements by VIIRS. With nine lunar comparisons (1 year of VIIRS measurements), it is possible to detect linear changes over time in the calibration of the VIIRS reflective solar bands at the 0.1% per year level or better. In addition, the surface of the Moon does not change over periods of a million years or more. As a result, the Moon can act as a cross-calibration reference for NPP VIIRS and the Terra MODIS instrument that precedes it, even with a time gap between the operation of the two sensors. The quality of this cross-comparison reference is estimated to be significantly better than 1%. However, to accomplish both of these functions, NPP VIIRS must make measurements at the same lunar phase angle as Terra MODIS, that is, at 55 degrees after full phase. This requires periodic spacecraft maneuvers.
Dynamics and control of redundantly actuated parallel manipulators

It has been shown that redundant actuation provides an effective means for eliminating singularities of a parallel manipulator, thereby improving its performance such as Cartesian stiffness and homogeneous output forces. Based on this concept, several high-performance parallel manipulator prototypes have been designed. A major difficulty that prevents application of the vast control literature developed for the serial counterparts to redundantly actuated parallel manipulators is the lack of an efficient dynamical model for real-time control. In this paper, using the Lagrange-D'Alembert formulation, we propose a simple scheme for computing the inverse dynamics of a redundantly actuated parallel manipulator. Based on this approach, four basic control algorithms, a joint-space proportional derivative (PD) control, a PD control in generalized coordinates, an augmented PD control, and a computed-torque control, are formulated. A two-degrees-of-freedom redundantly acutated parallel manipulator designed for a high-speed assembly task is used to verify the simplicity of the proposed approach and to evaulate the performance of the four control algorithms.
Structural Constant Conditional Correlation

A small strand of recent literature is occupied with identifying simultaneity in multiple equation systems through autoregressive conditional heteroscedasticity. Since this approach assumes that the structural innovations are uncorrelated, any contemporaneous connection of the endogenous variables needs to be exclusively explained by mutual spillover effects. In contrast, this paper allows for instantaneous covariances, which become identifiable by imposing the constraint of structural constant conditional correlation (SCCC). In this, common driving forces can be modelled in addition to simultaneous transmission effects. The new methodology is applied to the Dow Jones and Nasdaq Composite indexes in a small empirical example, illuminating scope and functioning of the SCCC model.
Biocontrol potential of lipopeptides produced by the novel Bacillus subtilis strain Y17B against postharvest Alternaria fruit rot of cherry

The use of synthetic fungicides against postharvest Alternaria rot adversely affects human health and the environment. In this study, as a safe alternative to fungicides, Bacillus subtilis strain Y17B isolated from soil exhibited significant antifungal activity against Alternaria alternata. Y17B was identified as B. subtilis based on phenotypic identification and 16S rRNA sequence analysis. To reveal the antimicrobial activity of this strain, a PCR-based study detected the presence of antifungal lipopeptide (LP) biosynthetic genes from genomic DNA. UPLC Q TOF mass spectrometry analysis detected the LPs surfactin (m/z 994.64, 1022.68, and 1026.62), iturin (m/z 1043.56), and fengycin (m/z 1491.85) in the extracted LP crude of B. subtilis Y17B. In vitro antagonistic study demonstrated the efficiency of LPs in inhibiting A. alternata growth. Microscopy (SEM and TEM) studies showed the alteration of the morphology of A. alternata in the interaction with LPs. In vivo test results revealed the efficiency of LPs in reducing the growth of the A. alternata pathogen. The overall results highlight the biocontrol potential of LPs produced by B. subtilis Y17B as an effective biological control agent against A. alternata fruit rot of cherry.
Semiparametric Bayesian Inference of Long‐Memory Stochastic Volatility Models

Abstract. In this paper, a semiparametric, Bayesian estimator of the long‐memory stochastic volatility model's fractional order of integration is presented. This new estimator relies on a highly efficient, Markov chain Monte Carlo (MCMC) sampler of the model's posterior distribution. The MCMC algorithm is set forth in the time‐scale domain of the stochastic volatility model's wavelet representation. The key to and centerpiece of this new algorithm is the quick and efficient multi‐state sampler of the latent volatility's wavelet coefficients. A multi‐state sampler of the latent wavelet coefficients is only possible because of the near‐independent multivariate distribution of the long‐memory process's wavelet coefficients. Using simulated and empirical stock return data, we find that our algorithm produces uncorrelated draws of the posterior distribution and point estimates that rival existing long‐memory stochastic volatility estimators.
High-efficiency broadband polarisation converter via patterned multilayer twisted liquid crystal polymer

ABSTRACT We propose an ultra-compact polarisation converter based on liquid crystal (LC) material for effectively converting the obliquely incident unpolarised light into horizontal linearly polarised beam within the visible frequency range. Multilayer twisted configuration is introduced here to tackle the inherent dispersion issue from the LC itself and extended Jones matrix is employed to analyse the propagation of the electric field inside the LC medium under possible oblique illumination. Spatial angular separation of orthogonal polarised lights and polarisation conversion into the same polarisation direction are realised through specific patterned structure design, which effectively reduce the thickness of the device without sacrificing performance. Experimental results demonstrated that our fabricated LC-based device can deliver >80% polarisation conversion efficiency at normal illumination and 59%–80.5% efficiency for ±10° oblique incidence over the visible spectrum. Therefore, we envision that our presented device might find numerous potential applications associated with polarisation regulation such as vortex beam generator, augmented reality and optical computing. Graphical Abstract
Mechanical properties of cubic zinc carboxylate IRMOF-1 metal-organic framework crystals

The recently developed class of nanoporous materials known as metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) is generating considerable interest because of their potential in sensing, storage, and chemical separations. In many applications, it is essential to understand their mechanical properties. We report the measurement of the elastic modulus of IRMOF-1 crystals using two different nanoindentation techniques. The reduced modulus from continuous stiffness measurements, calculated from the average single-crystal Young's modulus (E) of 2.7±1.0 GPa, is in good agreement with the value obtained from conventional quasistatic measurements. Permanent deformation without fracture has been observed directly after indentation. For comparison, we performed density functional theory (DFT) calculations of the elastic properties using both the local density approximation (LDA) and the generalized gradient approximation (GGA). The resulting, well-converged DFT value (LDA-GGA average) for E is 21.6±0.3 GPa, with C11 =0.28±0.01 GPa, C12 =0.11±0.01 GPa, and C44 =0.03±0.02 GPa. Correcting the measured modulus for the highly anisotropic elastic behavior predicted by DFT suggests an effective modulus for the (100) face of 7.9 GPa. The DFT prediction is expected to be reliable here. Therefore, the lower measured Young's modulus is most likely due to an interesting behavior during fractureless plastic deformation that occurs in these framework materials. Deformation or buckling in this nanoporous structure likely leads to structural changes at the lowest loads we can apply in the experiment. This appears to be a unique property of MOFs, where the elastic properties of the plastically deformed materials behave differently than those for more traditional nanoporous metals, ceramics, and polymers.
Far-Red-Light-Induced Morphology Changes, Phytohormone, and Transcriptome Reprogramming of Chinese Kale (Brassica alboglabra Bailey)

With far-red-light supplementation (3 W·m−2, and 6 W·m−2), the flower budding rate, plant height, internode length, plant display, and stem diameter of Chinese kale were largely elevated, as well as the leaf morphology such as leaf length, leaf width, petiole length, and leaf area. Consequently, the fresh weight and dry weight of the edible parts of Chinese kale were markedly increased. The photosynthetic traits were enhanced, and the mineral elements were accumulated. To further explore the mechanism that far-red light simultaneously promoted the vegetative growth and reproductive growth of Chinese kale, this study used RNA sequencing to gain a global perspective on the transcriptional regulation, combining it with an analysis of composition and content of phytohormones. A total of 1409 differentially expressed genes were identified, involved mainly in pathways related to photosynthesis, plant circadian rhythm, plant hormone biosynthesis, and signal transduction. The gibberellins GA9, GA19, and GA20 and the auxin ME-IAA were strongly accumulated under far-red light. However, the contents of the gibberellins GA4 and GA24, the cytokinins IP and cZ, and the jasmonate JA were significantly reduced by far-red light. The results indicated that the supplementary far-red light can be a useful tool to regulate the vegetative architecture, elevate the density of cultivation, enhance the photosynthesis, increase the mineral accumulation, accelerate the growth, and obtain a significantly higher yield of Chinese kale.
Channel-Eigenvector Invariant Space Time

A channel-eigenvector invariant space-time constel- lation (CEI-STC) is a set of matrices such that the product of any pairwise difference matrix and its complex conjugate transpose is a scalar matrix. The pairwise error probability of a multi-antenna system equipped with the CEI-STC does not depend on the eigen- vectors of the channel matrix. It may, however, depend on the eigenvalues of the channel. The maximum cardinality of a CEI- STC whose entries are restricted to a finite set is studied. A lower bound and an upper bound on the maximum cardinality are ob- tained.
Product Manufacturing Process Similarity Measure Based on Attributed Graph Matching

To support implicit knowledge acquisition in manufacturing process design and increase the enterprise's rapid response capabilities and competitiveness, similarity measure on manufacturing process was studied in this paper. Based on the characteristic description of modular process unit, process representation model using attributed graph was proposed. Manufacturing process similarity measure method considering both unit similarity and sequence similarity on optimal matching of weighted bipartite graph was given. Application of the method using on building process platform of satellite product is introduced and discussed.
Deflexion and the development of the genitive in English

This article looks at the role of deflexion in the development of the genitive in English and offers an empirical base for evaluating some claims which have been made about how this development proceeded. It focuses primarily on the claim that it was impossible for the genitive to remain as a morphological case once the other case distinctions were lost in the nominal system. This claim is based on a dubious typological argument and evidence is presented that the genitive retained some inflectional characteristics in Middle English. The article also looks at how the so-called ‘his genitive’ found in some earlier texts fits into the general picture of the development of English possessives.
Reflective mode of deformed-helix ferroelectric liquid crystal cells for sensing applications

We present a detailed theoretical and experimental study of the reflectance response of a deformed-helix ferroelectric (DHF) liquid crystal (LC) cell to an applied voltage under cross-polarisers. Using a model based on the effective dielectric tensor approximation, we derive simple analytical formulas to design a LC cell with maximum modulation depth and optimal linearity of the electro-optical response intensity versus the electric field. Our experimental results show that the cell works at frequencies up to 10 kHz and exhibits excellent linearity, with a total harmonic distortion as low as −70 dB. These findings suggest that DHF-LCs can be exploited to develop simple and accurate optical sensors.
How do circadian rhythms and neural synchrony shape networked cooperation?

This study investigates the effects of temporal changes at the individual and social levels and their impact on cooperation in social networks. A theoretical framework is proposed to explain the probability of cooperation as a function of endogenously driven periodic temporal variation and neural synchrony modeled as a diffusion process. Agents are simulated playing a prisoner’s dilemma game, with and without evolution, in a two-player setting and on networks. Most importantly, we find that temporal variation and synchrony influence cooperation patterns in a non-trivial way and can enhance or suppress cooperation, depending on exact parameter values. Furthermore, some of our results point to promising future research on human subjects. Specifically, we find that cooperators can dramatically increase their payoff—as opposed to defectors—if neural synchrony is present. Furthermore, the more heterogeneous the synchrony between two agents, the less they cooperate. In a network setting, neural synchrony inhibits cooperation, and variation in circadian patterns counteracts this effect. Call: Hidden Order Behind Cooperation in Social Systems.
Optimization of Tomato Fruit Color after Simulated Transport Using Response Surface Methodology (RSM)

Color is the initial parameter visible to the consumer in choosing a horticultural product including tomatoes, because the color is a determinant of the level of maturity and freshness of the product. The presence of vibration during the transportation process of tomato fruit can affect change in color of tomatoes. Optimization is used in this study in order to obtain optimum quality of tomato fruits after simulation transport. Optimization by using Response Surface Methodology (RSM) methods Central Composite Design (CCD) with two independent variables are the vibration frequencies (3 Hz, 6Hz, and 9Hz) and the duration of vibration (90, 120, and 150 minutes) as well as the color of tomatoes as a response. The optimum conditions obtained in the vibration frequency of 2,38 Hz and transport simulation time 89,44 minutes with optimum color quality value of tomatoes is the brightness (L*) 32,9994, a* value 13,6425, and b* value 24,1323 with a value of desirability that 0,955.
Development of an air gauge for measuring in-reactor creep of tubular specimens

A six-nozzle plug air gauge has been developed to measure diametral creep of tubular specimens of 23 mm internal diameter for distances up to 7.5 m within a nuclear reactor. The progressive changes made to the air gauging system to increase range, improve reproducibility and decrease response time are described. The present system can measure up to a difference of 0.65 mm between the diameters of the gauge head and that of the tube being measured.
Digital implementation of linear gammatone filters: Comparison of design methods

Digital implementations of linear gammatone filters are regularly part of auditory models and can be used in the sound processing in cochlear implants. How close digital impulse, magnitude, and phase responses match the corresponding properties of the analog gammatone filter is evaluated for one, finite-impulse response filter design, and for five, infinite-impulse response filter designs: base-band impulse invariant transformation, impulse invariant transformation, matched z transformation, bilinear transformation, and mapping of differentials with backward differences. Filter properties and computational cost are compared as a function of the filter’s order and center frequency, and sampling frequency. Results show that filters designed with the base-band impulse invariant transformation give the best overall approximation of the analog properties with reasonable computational cost.
Recent Advances in the Synthesis and Applications of m-Aryloxy Phenols

Since phenol derivatives have high potential as building blocks for the synthesis of bioactive natural products and conducting polymers, many synthesis methods have been invented. In recent years, innovative synthetic methods have been developed for the preparation of m-aryloxy phenols, which has allowed for the preparation of complex m-aryloxy phenols with functional groups, such as esters, nitriles, and halogens, that impart specific properties of these compounds. This review provides an overview of recent advances in synthetic strategies for m-aryloxy phenols and their potential biological activities. This paper highlights the importance of m-aryloxy phenols in various industries, including plastics, adhesives, and coatings, and it discusses their applications as antioxidants, ultraviolet absorbers, and flame retardants.
Life Cycle Assessment of Functionalized Bionanocompounds with Ice Nucleation Protein for Freezing Applications

The objective of this study was to assess the effectiveness of functionalized bionanocompounds with ice nucleation protein (INP) as a novel approach for freezing applications in terms of how much energy is used during each step of freezing when water bionanocompound solutions were compared with pure water. According to the results of the manufacturing analysis, water required 28 times less energy than the silica + INA bionanocompound and 14 times less than the magnetite + INA bionanocompound. These findings showed that water used the least energy during the manufacturing process. In order to determine the associated environmental implications, an analysis of the operating stage was also conducted, taking the defrosting time of each bionanocompound during a 4 h work cycle into account. Our results showed that bionanocompounds may substantially reduce the environmental effects by achieving a 91% reduction in the impact after their use during all four work cycles in the operation stage. Additionally, given the energy and raw materials needed in this process, this improvement was more significant than at the manufacturing stage. The results from both stages indicated that, when compared with water, the magnetite + INA bionanocompound and the silica + INA bionanocompound would save an estimated 7% and 47% of total energy, respectively. The study’s findings also demonstrated the great potential for using bionanocompounds in freezing applications to reduce the effects on the environment and human health.