Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Improved Extractors for Affine Lines

Let $F$ be the field of $q$ elements. We investigate the following Ramsey coloring problem for vector spaces: Given a vector space $\F^n$, give a coloring of the points of $F^n$ with two colors such that no affine line (i.e., affine subspace of dimension $1$) is monochromatic. Our main result is as follows: For any $q\geq 25\cdot n$ and $n>4$, we give an explicit coloring $D:F^n\ar \set{0,1}$ such that for every affine line $l\subseteq F^n$, $D(l)=\set{0,1}$. Previously this was known only for $q\geq c\cdot n^2$ for some constant $c$ \cite{GR05}. We note that this beats the random coloring for which the expected number of monochromatic lines will be 0 only when $q\geq c\cdot n\log n$ for some constant $c$. Furthermore, our coloring will be `almost balanced' on every affine line. Let us state this formally in the lanuage of \emph{extractors}. We say that a function $D:F^n\mapsto \set{0,1}$ is a \afsext{1}{\eps} if for every affine line $l\subseteq \F^n$, $D(X)$ is $\eps$-close to uniform when $X$ is uniformly distributed over $l$. We construct a \afsext{1}{\eps} with $\eps = \Omega(\sqrt{n/q})$ whenever $q\geq c\cdot n$ for some constant $c$. The previous result of \cite{GR05} gave a \afsext{1}{\eps} only for $q=\Omega(n^2)$.
Externalities, thresholds and marketing of new aquacultural products: Theory and examples

Abstract This paper dentifies and discusses the type and nature of market externalities or spillovers likely to be experienced by businesses in developing markets for new aquaculture products or in developing previously unexplored markets for existing products, and considers the existence of thresholds for the minimum level of investment in market development needed to establish a new market successfully. Market externalities and thresholds result in failures in market development and may disadvantage small new firms. Whether or not governments should, or are likely to, provide assistance to early developers of markets where development is subject to market failure is discussed. Examples for the issues discussed are taken from Australia and Norway.
Brazilin Isolated from Caesalpinia sappan Suppresses Nuclear Envelope Reassembly by Inhibiting Barrier-to-Autointegration Factor Phosphorylation

To date, many anticancer drugs have been developed by directly or indirectly targeting microtubules, which are involved in cell division. Although this approach has yielded many anticancer drugs, these drugs produce undesirable side effects. An alternative strategy is needed, and targeting mitotic exit may be one alternative approach. Localization of phosphorylated barrier-to-autointegration factor (BAF) to the chromosomal core region is essential for nuclear envelope compartment relocalization. In this study, we isolated brazilin from Caesalpinia sappan Leguminosae and demonstrated that it inhibited BAF phosphorylation in vitro and in vivo. Moreover, we demonstrated direct binding between brazilin and BAF. The inhibition of BAF phosphorylation induced abnormal nuclear envelope reassembly and cell death, indicating that perturbation of nuclear envelope reassembly could be a novel approach to anticancer therapy. We propose that brazilin isolated from C. sappan may be a new anticancer drug candidate that induces cell death by inhibiting vaccinia-related kinase 1–mediated BAF phosphorylation.
Antiepileptic drug pharmacokinetics and neuropharmacokinetics in individual rats by repetitive withdrawal of blood and cerebrospinal fluid: milacemide

1 The kinetics and metabolism of milacemide have been studied in an animal model which allows the simultaneous investigation of the temporal inter‐relationships of drugs and metabolites in blood (pharmacokinetics) and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF, neuropharmacokinetics) in individual freely moving rats. 2 Milacemide dose‐dependently increased CSF glycine and glycinamide (intermediary metabolite) concentrations. This confirms that milacemide is a CNS glycine prodrug. 3 Pretreatment with l‐deprenyl (2 mg kg−1), a specific inhibitor of monoamine oxidase type B (MAO‐B), almost completely prevented the formation of glycinamide and increased milacemide accumulation in CSF. Tmax and t1/2 were significantly increased and Cmax and AUC values were decreased for glycinamide compared to controls. Pretreatment with clorgyline (5 mg kg−1), a specific inhibitor of MAO‐type A, only moderately decreased glycinamide Cmax and AUC values. 4 After milacemide administration (100, 200 and 400 mg kg−1, i.p.) serum and CSF milacemide concentrations rose linearly and dose‐dependently. Serum glycinamide concentrations exhibited small dose‐dependent rises but these were not linearly related. In contrast, CSF glycinamide concentrations rose linearly and dose‐dependently with Cmax values 2.5, 3.2 and 4.1 times greater than the corresponding values for serum glycinamide after giving 100, 200 and 400 mg kg−1 respectively of milacemide. 5 Serum glycine concentrations were unaffected but CSF concentrations increased dose‐dependently and these were significant at the higher milacemide doses (200 and 400 mg kg−1). Animals given 400 mg kg−1 milacemide had glycine values which were still significantly elevated 7 h later. 6 In conclusion, serum milacemide rapidly enters and equilibrates with the CNS compartment where it is metabolised primarily by MAO‐B to glycinamide and finally to glycine. Metabolism in the peripheral compartment is negligible.
Spectral-efficient model for multiuser massive MIMO: Exploiting user velocity

The employment of a massive number of antennas in multiple-input multiple-output systems, known as massive MIMO, has drawn a new horizon for future communications systems to support a very large number of users. However, the actual number of active users in massive MIMO are limited by pilots training via the coherence time of the communication channel which is inversely proportional to the user velocity. The current model applies this coherence time for every user to design multiuser massive MIMO, which might result in a suboptimal solution since the users usually move at different speeds in practice. In this paper, we investigate multiuser massive MIMO by taking into consideration the differences in user velocities. In particular, two multiuser models are proposed to maximize the per-user spectral efficiency and the number of served users, respectively. System capacity of the proposed models is provided in analytical expression. Finally, numerical results demonstrate the advantages of our proposed models compared with the reference model.
Hole mobility model for Si double-gate junctionless transistors

In this work, a physics based model is developed to calculate the hole mobility of ultra-thin-body double-gate junctionless transistors. Six-band k · p Schrödinger equation and Poisson equation are solved self-consistently. The obtained wave-functions and energies are stored in look-up tables. Hole mobility can be derived using the Kubo-Greenwood formula accounting for impurity, acoustic and optical phonon, and surface roughness scattering. Initial benchmark results are shown.
Organizational design and pricing capabilities for superior firm performance

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to test the relationship between organizational antecedents, pricing capabilities, and firm performance. Design/methodology/approach – Quantitative survey of 748 managers from mostly large companies globally. Findings – It was found that the following five key organizational resources (the 5 Cs) – center-led price management, organizational confidence, championing behaviors, organizational change capacity, and pricing capabilities – positively influence firm performance. Furthermore, it was found that center-led price management, organizational change capacity, and championing behaviors act as important antecedents to pricing capabilities and, except for the former, to organizational confidence. The authors also examine interaction and mediation effects. Originality/value – The results thus suggest that generic organizational factors – namely center-led price management – as well as highly idiosyncratic firm, specific capabilities – namely organizational confidence, .
Advancement the Monte-Carlo Procedures to be Used by Calculation the Radiative Heat Transfer within Power / Industrial High-temperature Combustion Chamber

The advanced stochastic Monte – Carlo (MC) technique has been developed to predict resulting heat fluxes and / or unknown detailed local temperature profiles within the combustion or furnace chambers for arbitrary initial conditions (design and process parameters). Theoretical background is based upon original combination of following constituents: Hottel’s zone method accompanied by his radiation model of weighted sum of grey gases on emissivity / absorptivity for combustion products while executive procedure being performed by means of application the MC counter operating with dozen thousands of random beams related to each of surface or volume zones. Direct thermal and indirect combustion kinetics characteristics have been used as the checked parameters by verification the MC procedures. Validation of the proposed MC procedures have been carried out by means of comparison of our prediction results by physical and chemical characteristics with respective experimental (measured) and literature data for some types of the industrial furnaces and boilers. Because of strong influence of temperature factors on NOx formation by combustion we have succeeded to calculate the temperature profiles and NOx issue by recirculation the combustion products under operation the boilers of different types. These data confirm an opportunity to predict the pollutants formation values being fairly coincided with measured data. Key-Words: beam’s trajectory, boiler, combustion chamber, environmental pollution, industrial furnace, model of emissivity (absorptivity), Monte-Carlo (MC) technique, NOx formation, radiative heat transfer, weighted sum of grey gases (WSGG).
A Positive Model of Private Charity and Public Transfers

This paper explores a model where private charity and public transfers are determined simultaneously. In political equilibrium, the government "overprovides" public transfers, transferring more to the poor than altruistic taxpayers prefer. At this equilibrium, private charity is zero. Evidence for this result is found by examining various types of data from the 1920s to the present. While private charity currently exceeds $50 billion, very little of it goes to the poor. I provide evidence that this phenomenon of zero private charity began, as the model predicts, in the 1930s, the beginning of federal intervention in the charity market.
An analysis of early career training requirements for quantity surveying professionals

Early career experience can play a significant part in lifelong professional capability and the support and knowledge gained during the early years of graduate employment can influence future career direction and success. Whilst there are prescribed models of graduate development relative to the surveying professions, for example, those relating to the APC utilised by the RICS, there has been little evaluation in terms of their relative contribution to career success. Through the use of a questionnaire survey, the issue of learning and development for new graduates in their early career, the extent to which new graduates perceive themselves to be competent in various major quantity surveying activities and, the range of graduate training provided by the employer were explored. The main conclusions drawn from the study are that: new graduates exhibit a high level of self-doubt in professional competence; task competence is influenced by frequency of application, years of postgraduate experience and the mode of study taken by graduates in entering the QS profession. There is a difference between training received by graduates working for consultant and contracting employers. Graduates from full time study mode tend to receive more training from their employers compared to part time graduates.
Inflation Targeting: What Can the ECB Learn From the Recent Experience of the Bank of England?

The establishment of the European Central Bank (ECB) presents a rare opportunity to define the operations of a central bank with no prior track record. Before the ECB specifies an, as yet undefined, operational target this paper asks what might be learnt from the recent experience of inflation targeting at the Bank of England. We consider whether there should be single or multiple targets and which, if any, of the existing inflation measures should be used. If inflation is targeted then a forecast of its value becomes the intermediate variable. This raises both the issue of transparency and the issue of providing a compensating supply of information material necessary to fill the gap, but too much ‘openness’ can also be problematic. The ECB must be accountable and the contracting approach may be useful, but being seen to ‘say’ and ‘do’ the same thing is ultimately of the most importance.
Enhancement of Lindane-induced Liver Oxidative Stress and Hepatotoxicity by Thyroid Hormone is Reduced by Gadolinium Chloride

The role of Kupffer cells in the hepatocellular injury and oxidative stress induced by lindane (20 mg/kg; 24 h) in hyperthyroid rats (daily doses of 0.1 mg l -3,3',5-triiodothyronine (T 3 )/kg for three consecutive days) was assessed by the simultaneous administration of gadolinium chloride (GdCl 3 ; 2 doses of 10 mg/kg on alternate days). Hyperthyroid animals treated with lindane exhibit enhanced liver microsomal superoxide radical ( O2.-) production and NADPH cytochrome c reductase activity, with lower levels of cytochrome P450, superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase activity, and glutathione (GSH) content over control values. These changes are paralleled by a substantial increase in the lipid peroxidation potential of the liver and in the O2. -09 generation/SOD activity ratio, thus evidencing a higher oxidative stress status that correlates with the development of liver injury characterized by neutrophil infiltration and necrosis. Kupffer cell inactivation by GdCl3 suppresses liver injury in lindane/T3 -treated rats with normalization of altered oxidative stress-related parameters, excepting the reduction in the content of GSH and in catalase activity. It is concluded that lindane hepatotoxicity in hyperthyroid state, that comprises an enhancement in the oxidative stress status of the liver, is largely dependent on Kupffer cell function, which may involve generation of mediators leading to pro-oxidant and inflammatory processes.
Memory erasure by very high concentrations of ZIP may not be due to PKM‐zeta

The molecular basis of memory at synapses is one of the major outstanding problems in neuroscience. The article of Pastalkova et al. (2006), and subsequent articles based on their methods, makes the strong claim that memory maintenance (i.e., storage) is due to the protein kinase, PKM-zeta. In support of this, Pastalkova et al. performed the key tests of any model of memory maintenance: whether inhibition of the putative memory molecule can erase previously induced long-term potentiation (LTP) (at the cellular level) or previously learned information (at the behavioral level). Their claim that PKM-zeta is the memory molecule stems from success on both tests. Close examination of their article, however, reveals problems that were not discussed and which raise doubts about their claims. To erase LTP and memory, the authors used ZIP, a membrane permeable peptide inhibitor of PKM-zeta. In previous work on hippocampal slices their laboratory showed that 1 lM bath-applied ZIP could erase LTP, i.e., return the excitatory postsynaptic potential (EPSP) to the preLTP baseline (Ling et al., 2002). Their in vitro biochemistry showed that at higher concentrations, ZIP can also inhibit other kinases (IC-50 PKM-zeta 5 0.1 lM; IC-50 CaMKII 5 3 lM). It is therefore important to know what concentration Pastalkova et al. used in their in vivo experiments. This was not stated, but can be estimated from the information provided. They injected 1 lL of a solution containing 10 nmol of ZIP into the hippocampus. This solution was thus 10 mM ZIP. As shown in their Figure 1F (reproduced below), ZIP diffused widely in the hippocampus, but because of a barrier at the edge of the hippocampus, did not diffuse out of the hippocampus. By 2 h, the concentration of ZIP was nearly homogeneous across the four electrodes that span the hippocampal cross-section. Consistent with this, the physiological effect was similar at the four electrodes and was near steady-state (their Fig. 1E reproduced below). One can therefore assume that ZIP had spread fairly uniformly through the hippocampus (the very high concentration near the cannula is due to continuous leakage from the cannula). The 1 lL (51 mm) injected would have been diluted as it spread throughout the hippocampus (total volume <50 mm). Assuming that half the injected solution escapes the hippocampus through the hole in the hippocampus made by the cannula (their Fig. 1F), the concentration in the hippocampus is estimated to be 100 lM. This is three orders of magnitude greater than the IC-50 of PKM-zeta and two orders of magnitude higher than the concentration required to reverse LTP in hippocampal slices. At this concentration, other enzymes may be well affected.
From Weapons to Wheels: Young Sierra Leonean ex-combatants become motorbike taxi-riders

The disarmament and reintegration process of the more than 70,000 ex-combatants who participated in the decade long armed conflict in Sierra Leone has come to a closure. Most ex-combatants have drifted back to the rural and mining areas, working respectively as (semi-)subsistence farmers or low-paid diamond diggers. There is however a small group of urban-based former fighters making their living by riding motorbikes as a local taxi. This is an interesting phenomenon for two reasons; it is a totally new economic development in Sierra Leone, and the bike riders have organised themselves as a membership-based trade association drawing some inspiration from modalities associated with former fighting groups. The basis of this much needed modern and organic solidarity, so it is argued, lies in recognition of the general applicability of the law of contract to social life. It suggests that whatever the roots of the war in Sierra Leone – rural oppression, ghetto life, greed-not-grievance – the way forward lies through building not only employment opportunities for young people but also the institutional capital to protect and advance those opportunities.
A Model of Technology Gap, Product Cycle, and the Process of Catching up Between the North and the South

The paper presents a multi-product two-country overlapping generations model of trade and innovation. The authors show that for a low level of innovation (imitation) in the South, firms in the North innovate at a level which guarantees a long-term technological gap between the North and the South. However, a high innovation level in the South leads to a situation where the South can catch up the North in a finite time. This model differs from the existing literature in two major aspects. (1) Except for the head start of the North they assume that the North and the South are identical with respect to factor endowment and their ability to develop new goods. (2) It is general enough to explain both the product cycle phenomena and catching-up process. Copyright 1991 by The Economic Society of Australia.
Participation in socially productive activities and quality of life in early old age: findings from SHARE

In order to understand variations of quality of life in early old age, associations between socio-economic status, socially productive activities and well-being are studied across 14 European countries. Information on three different types of productive activities and their exchange characteristics is included. We used the first two waves of the Survey of Health, Ageing and Retirement in Europe (SHARE) including some 15,000 retired men and women. Well-being is measured by a standardized quality of life measure (CASP-12). Findings of multilevel analyses show larger within-country than between-country variability in prospective quality of life. Strong individual predictors were the experience of reciprocity in social productive activities and high socio-economic position. Continued participation in socially productive activities, in particular those that offer opportunities of experiencing reciprocity in exchange, improves prospective quality of life in early old age.
Mammalian DNA polymerase beta: characterization of a 16-kDa transdomain fragment containing the nucleic acid-binding activities of the native enzyme.

The 39-kDa DNA polymerase beta (beta-Pol) molecule can be readily converted into two constituent domains by mild proteolysis; these domains are represented in an 8-kDa N-terminal fragment and a 31-kDa C-terminal fragment [Kumar et al. (1990a) J. Biol. Chem. 265, 2124-2131]. Intact beta-Pol is a sequence-nonspecific nucleic acid-interactive protein that binds both double-stranded (ds) and single-stranded (ss) polynucleotides. These two activities appear to be contributed by separate portions of the enzyme, since the 31-kDa domain binds ds DNA but not ss DNA, and conversely, the 8-kDa domain binds ss DNA but not ds DNA [Casas-Finet et al. (1991) J. Biol. Chem. 266, 19618-19625]. Truncation of the 31-kDa domain at the N-terminus with chymotrypsin, to produce a 27-kDa fragment (residues 140-334), eliminated all DNA-binding activity. This suggested that the ds DNA-binding capacity of the 31-kDa domain may be carried in the N-terminal segment of the 31-kDa domain. We used CNBr to prepare a 16-kDa fragment (residues 18-154) that spans the ss DNA-binding region of the 8-kDa domain along with the N-terminal portion of the 31-kDa domain. The purified 16-kDa fragment was found to have both ss and ds polynucleotide-binding capacity. Thermodynamic binding properties for these activities are similar to those of the intact enzyme. (ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
The Politics of Rule Development: A Case Study of Australian Pension fund Accounting Rule-Making

Describing the politics surrounding accounting rule development may provide greater insights to such processes than analysing written submissions to rule-making bodies. Over a twenty-year period a rule-making contest evolved between the accounting profession and an alliance of pension industry interest groups over the introduction of different forms of regulation (accounting standards versus legislative-backed rules) relating to pension fund accounting. From the perspective of government, the debate about pension fund accounting reflects the outside-initiative model (Cobb and Elder, 1972; Cobb et al., 1976). Issues were created by the (accounting and actuarial) professions, expanded in the relevant (pension and life insurance) industry and then gained entrance to the formal agenda of both regulatory and government deliberations. In this case the accounting profession failed to gain acceptance of its professional rule-making activities. Alternative possible explanations as to why the alliance of interest groups eventually prevailed over the accounting profession are explored.