Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
A Summary of the Reading Comprehension Research Undertaken With Students Who Are Deaf or Hard of Hearing

The American Federation of Teachers (1999) has stated that "the most fundamental responsibility of schools is teaching students to read" (p. 7). The central purpose of reading is comprehension—constructing meaning from text. The purpose of the present study was to identify, review, and summarize the research published in professional peer-reviewed journals related to reading comprehension and school-age students who are deaf or hard of hearing between 1963 and 2005. Fifty-two studies were identified and reviewed. The results were summarized in a table and reported descriptively. The most frequently researched reading comprehension teaching strategies were identified and discussed. The need for more research in this critical area was noted.
Secrecy Analysis for Massive MIMO Systems with Internal Eavesdroppers

In massive multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) systems, idle users may passively overhear the signal transmitted to the intended user, known as internal eavesdroppers. In order to improve the secrecy performance, artificial noise (AN) is used jointly with maximum ratio transmission (MRT) precoding. Since the idle users can be anywhere in the cell, we investigate the secrecy outage probability for the legitimate user by taking an expectation over the positions of all internal eavesdroppers. Furthermore, according to the secrecy performance of the legitimate user in the given location, we define a new concept Secrecy Area centered on the base station (BS) where all the legitimate users satisfy the secrecy quality-of-service (QoS) requirements i.e. secrecy outage probability. Then, in order to achieve the maximum Secrecy Area under the given secrecy QoS requirements, we derive the optimal power allocation factor for AN, which is irrelevant to the channel state information (CSI) of both the legitimate user and the eavesdropper. The analytical and simulation results show that, by AN-assisted MRT precoding, the secrecy performance is significantly improved and the Secrecy Area can be efficiently enlarged with a modest increase of the transmit power.
Household Debt, Dynamic Stability, and Change in Demand Creation Patterns

This paper examines dynamic stability and demand creation patterns of an economy in the context of the augmentation of household debt. First, we investigate the dynamic characteristics specific to an economy with household borrowing. Second, we reveal how demand creation and economic growth pattern change with the introduction of households' active borrowing. Our results shows that it is more favorable for the stability of an economy to politically control the interest rate on lending rather than to leave it to be determined by private financial institutions. Our results also indicate that even if the demand regime is wage-led, paradoxically, a rise in wage share may not necessarily stimulate economic growth. On the other hand, profit-led growth is more likely.
Hepatitis C virus molecular epidemiology in Uzbekistan

The aim of this study was to identify hepatitis C virus (HCV) genotypes and to estimate their prevalence in various risk groups and the regional distribution in Uzbekistan. Preliminary serological screening of 1,269 subjects revealed 6.5% anti‐HCV‐positive in a general population, 27.1% in patient groups, and 51.7% among intravenous drug users. HCV genotypes of 104 anti‐HCV‐positive subjects were determined using a PCR‐genotyping system in core region, and the results were supported by nucleotide sequencing of the NS5B region. Genotype 1b identified in total 64.2%, was the most prevalent. The genotype 3a identified in 25.0% was the second one distributed. HCV genotypes 2a, 1a, 2b, and 3b were identified in 3.8%, 2.9%, 2.9%, and 1.0% of cases, respectively. The intravenous drug users were distinguished from other groups by having the highest prevalence of genotype 3a, i.e., 50.0%, higher than the 33.3% for genotype 1b in this group. Geographically, genotype 1b was common; genotype 3a was also found frequently in all three regions. Uncommon HCV genotypes (1a, 2a, 2b, and 3b) were found in comparatively greater variability in the western region. Molecular evolutionary analysis based on the NS5B region did not reveal specific clustering or indigenous strains among Uzbekistan HCV isolates. In summary, two main mechanisms of HCV infection distribution were observed in Uzbekistan: HCV 1b genotype infection is widespread through blood products, and HCV 3a genotype infection is spreading through the growing number of intravenous drug users. J. Med. Virol. 69:367–375, 2003. © 2003 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Can Increasing Inequality Be a Steady State

Historically, discussions of income inequality have emphasised cross-sectional comparisons of levels of inequality of income. These comparisons have been used to argue that countries with more inequality are less healthy, less democratic, more crime-infested, less happy, less mobile and less equal in economic opportunity, but such comparisons implicitly presume that current levels of inequality are steady state outcomes. However, the income distribution can only remain stable if the growth rate of income is equal at all percentiles of the distribution. This paper compares long-run levels of real income growth at the very top, and for the bottom 90% and bottom 99% in the United States, Canada and Australia to illustrate the uniqueness of the post-WWII period of balanced growth (and consequent stability in the income distribution). The ‘new normal’ of the United States, Canada and Australia is ‘unbalanced’ growth – specifically, over the last thirty years the incomes of the top 1% have grown significantly more rapidly than those of everyone else. The paper asks if auto-equilibrating market mechanisms will spontaneously equalise income growth rates and stabilise inequality. It concludes that the more likely scenario is continued unbalanced income growth. This, in turn, implies, on the economic side, consumption and savings flows which accumulate to changed stocks of indebtedness, financial fragility, and periodic macroeconomic crises; and, on the social side, to increasing inequality of opportunity and political influence. Greater economic and socio-political instabilities are therefore the most likely consequence of increasing income inequality over time.
Relationship of alcohol dose to intensity of withdrawal signs in mice.

Alcohol was administered to mice by inhalation, over periods of 1 to 13 days. Daily injections of pyrazole stabilized blood alcohol levels and thus maintained a continuous state of intoxication. The empirical relationship between alcohol concentration in the inspired air and that in the blood was determined. A syndrome of withdrawal signs developed when the mice were removed from the vapor chamber. It could be graded by scoring a characteristic convulsion elicited by handling the animals. This score presumably represents the extent of physical dependence. The intensity of withdrawal convulsions increased with duration of exposure to alcohol vapor and with blood alcohol levels. Single episodes of intoxication produced degrees of physical dependence that varied with the total dose of alcohol (blood alcohol level X days). Mild withdrawal signs appeared after a single injection of alcohol, with or without pyrazole treatment. The signs began to appear when the mice were still intoxicated. A dose of alcohol sufficient to produce a moderate degree of physical dependence did not affect the total activity of liver alcohol dehydrogenase. Liver catalase activity was depressed by pyrazole in vivo , but not in vitro .
Glandless seed and glanded plant research in cotton. A review

Recently the world has been entangled by insufficient food such as the lack of rice which threatens the safety of world food and affect sustainable development of the world economy, resulting in rising of food price. To address this issue, cotton appears as a possible source of both fiber and food. The research in recent years indeed showed bright prospects for this expectation. However, gossypol stored in the glands of cotton is toxic to nonruminant animals and humans, which wastes large amounts of cottonseed protein that could potentially provide the annual protein requirements for half a billion people. Gossypium species are characterized by their lysigenous glands containing terpenoid aldehydes, important secondary phytoalexins consisting mainly of gossypol, which constitute one of the important plant’s defense system against pests and diseases. The best approach to address this issue is to create glandless seed and glanded plant cotton. A breakthrough in this field would realise the fulfilment of making cotton both a fiber and a food crop, which would be a feat of great magnitude for sustainable development of agriculture. Research on the relationship between glands and their secondary inclusions at the molecular level would be one approach for genetic engineering to control the glands and gossypol content. In this article, we review recent progress on glands and gossypol content for diverse gland types in Gossypium species, inheritance of glands and gossypol content, traditional breeding of glandless seeds and glanded plant cotton, the terpenoid aldehyde biosynthesis pathway, molecular cloning of the related genes, the strategy for genetic engineering, and future prospects.
Clinical experience with a bioartificial liver in the treatment of severe liver failure. A phase I clinical trial.

OBJECTIVE The purpose of this study was to develop a bioartificial liver (BAL) to treat patients with severe liver failure until they can be either transplanted or recover spontaneously. SUMMARY BACKGROUND DATA Severe acute liver failure is associated with high mortality. Liver transplantation has emerged as an effective therapy for patients who did not respond to standard management. However, because of the donor organ shortage and urgent need for transplantation, many patients die before they can be transplanted and others do not survive after transplantation, primarily because of intracranial hypertension. METHODS Three groups of patients with severe acute liver failure were treated with the BAL. In group 1 (n = 18) were patients with fulminant hepatic failure (FHF), in group 2 (n = 3) were patients with primary nonfunction (PNF) of a transplanted liver, and in group 3 (n = 10) were patients with acute exacerbation of chronic liver disease. Patients in groups 1 and 2 were candidates for transplantation at the time they entered the study, whereas patients in group 3 were not. RESULTS In group 1, 16 patients were "bridged" successfully to transplantation, 1 patient was bridged to recovery without a transplant, and 1 patient died because of concomitant severe pancreatitis. In group 2, all patients were bridged successfully to retransplantation. In group 3, two patients were supported to recovery and successful transplants at later dates; the other eight patients, although supported temporarily with the BAL, later died because they were not candidates for transplantation. CONCLUSIONS The authors' clinical experience with the BAL has yielded encouraging results. A randomized, controlled, prospective trial (phase II-III) is being initiated to determine the efficacy of the system.
Belastungsuntersuchungen in der Pneumologie

Zusammenfassung Dieses Dokument der DGP ersetzt die Empfehlungen von 1998. Anhand der aktuellen Datenlage und einer Konsensuskonferenz wurden Empfehlungen zu Indikationen, zur Auswahl und Durchführung der geeigneten Untersuchungstechniken sowie zu den technischen und personellen Voraussetzungen formuliert. Detaillierte Angaben werden zur Blutgasanalyse unter Belastung, zum 6-Minuten-Gehtest und Rechtsherzkatheter mit Belastung sowie zur Spiroergometrie und Stressechokardiografie gemacht. Der richtige Einsatz von Belastungsuntersuchungen bei anstrengungsinduziertem Asthma, bei sportmedizinischen bzw. arbeitsmedizinischen Fragestellungen, bei der präoperativen Risikostratifizierung und beim Therapiemonitoring pneumologischer Erkrankungen wird dargestellt.
Cornell University School of Hotel Administration The Scholarly Commons Articles and Chapters School of Hotel Administration Collection 2012 Web Advertising : Sexual Content on eBay

Trust is an essential ingredient for commercial success on the Web. “Shopping aggregator” websites such as eBay provide a mechanism for measuring trust in the vendor in the form of online shoppers' positive feedback ratings. This real-world experiment conducted on eBay demonstrates that although coupled with a very high trust rating, the inclusion of an explicitly sexual illustration in shopping aggregator gallery listings dramatically increases auction traffic but in most cases reduces the dollar amount of the winning auction bid, thereby lowering the return to the seller. Traffic increase but lower selling price resulted even for products that could arguably use a sexual appeal (although these products were targeted to women).
Comment on Kirk McClure's “The low‐income housing tax credit program goes Mainstream and moves to the suburbs”

Abstract The news that the Low‐Income Housing Tax Credit (LIHTC) program has gone mainstream and moved to the suburbs is to be welcomed, but we should not have unrealistic expectations. The program is likely to lead to only a limited amount of income mixing in the surrounding area. These developments work against social mixing since so many of the residents have low incomes. Also, it would be a mistake to view the program as a substitute for the Housing Choice Voucher Program because it outperforms the latter as a device for deconcentrating poverty in the nation as a whole. In places like Alameda County, CA, voucher recipients have been subur‐banizing in large numbers, and this model needs to be replicated. Finally, suburban LIHTC developments will achieve their full potential only if community groups are involved early in the application process and if tenants are carefully screened and rules are strictly enforced.
The application of Bayesian spectral analysis to optical sectioning using structured light imaging

We describe significant improvements to a well‐established method of obtaining optical sectioning in a conventional wide‐field microscope. This method relies on the projection of a single‐frequency grid pattern onto an object followed by mathematical manipulation of three images taken with the grid in different phases. Here, we present the use of Bayesian Spectral Analysis to determine accurate estimates of the phase of the grid pattern, permitting rapid and precise calibration of grid location. In common with previous algorithms, multiple images are combined to produce both an optical section and a wide‐field image. We describe innovations such as the use of non‐uniform phase or least‐squares solutions involving more than three images, in conjunction with direct phase estimates obtained using Bayesian Spectral Analysis, to yield images substantially free of artefacts. Auxiliary results, such as a method for determining the tilt of the grid, are also presented.
Research on Aging: An Agenda for All Nations Individually and Collectively

History has demonstrated a degree of arbitrariness about national borders. Gerontology affirms this fact, for all persons of all nations desire to maintain the highest degree of function and quality of life for the longest period. The Global Issue on Aging, representing the combined effort of 97 medical journals from 31 countries, reflects the present-day interest among scientists and clinicians in the care and well-being of all who are aged and anticipates some of the highest priorities of medical and social welfare worldwide for decades to come. 1 In the past century, the developed world has witnessed a greater increase in life expectancy than in all recorded history to the year 1900. Coupled with the declining birth rate world-wide, the elderly are assuming a larger proportion of the population with implications for almost all aspects of society. Today in both Japan and the United States the elderly account for
A Resonance-Frequency-Tracing Method for a Current-Fed Piezoelectric Transducer

This paper presents a novel control method for a current-fed full-bridge inverter actuating an ultrasonic piezoelectric transducer (PT). In the conventional ultrasonic detection system, the PT has maximum transmitting gain at its series resonance frequency while having maximum receiving gain at its parallel resonance frequency. With the proposed approach, the PT could have maximum transmitting gain at the parallel resonance frequency and this frequency can be automatically traced, and hence adapted, to the environmental variation. A prototype circuit was constructed to verify the proposed control method. The experimental results show that the receiving voltage signal could have a maximum value at the parallel resonance frequency, and the traced frequency is 0.04 kHz higher than the parallel resonance frequency.
Culture, structure and regional levels of entrepreneurship

While the potential importance of cultural factors for entrepreneurship has been stressed by several researchers, empirical research focusing on this issue is scarce. In this study, values and beliefs assumed to be related to entrepreneurial behaviour, as well as entrepreneurial intentions, are investigated amongst the general population in six structurally different clusters of regions within Sweden. The cultural differences found are not very large, but interesting and statistically significant differences exist. The results suggest that the prevalence of certain values affect levels of entrepreneurship measured as regional rates of new firm formation. There is no clear indication that beliefs about the societal and individual outcomes of entrepreneurship influence new firm formation. The results further suggest some intricate relationships between structure, culture and entrepreneurship. These have implications for policy-making as well as research.
The Citizen Sector: Becoming as Entrepreneurial and Competitive as Business

The shift in the transformation of the social half of society, from bureaucratic and monopolistic to entrepreneurial, is examined, placing the entrepreneurial well-spring at the center of this transformation. This shift has caused three management challenges: (1) how to reintegrate the business and social gap, (2) how to entrepreneur a radically different service "industry," and (3) how to reintegrate ethical behavior into institutional life. Its multiple impacts on the rest of society are examined. The rapid emergence of the citizen sector will impact the rest of society over the next decade and beyond. As a direct consequence, business and society will end their divorce; the government will face growing competition in operations; the spread of entrepreneurship will strengthen democracy; the dynamics of globalization will change; and the world's squalor gap will begin to close. (CBS)
High-gain, high-efficiency and wide-band planar hollow-waveguide antennas by diffusion-bonding of laminated metal plates for sub-millimeter wave and THz bands

An 120GHz-band 16×16-slot array antenna fed with a corporate circuit has realized about 70% antenna efficiency including losses from 117GHz to 129GHz. 10Gbps data transmission with BER<;10-12 is achieved with an effective transmission power of -14dBm at a distance of 1.4m. The antennas could be extended for sub-millimeter wave and THz bands.
Germany, Britain and the European Union: Convergence through Policy Transfer?

How may policy convergence between Germany and the United Kingdom come about? This contribution seeks to offer some analytical explanations. It explores the real-world pressures for convergence for two medium-sized powers which are institutionally embedded within the European Union, whilst economically integrated into the global economy. Globalisation and Europeanisation are reviewed as ways of understanding the potential for convergence. However, detailed attention is directed onto the concept of policy transfer for explaining possible convergence. In particular, the discussion presents an institutionalist account of the opportunities for, and constraints upon, transfer between the two states. It argues that policy transfer facilitated by membership of the EU is likely to be the greatest dynamic behind policy convergence.
A Large Database Study of the Factors Associated with Work-Induced Fatigue

A computer survey was conducted using the records of 3705 temporary employees who reported job fatigue during their assignments; 10000 additional employees, who did not report fatigue, were also surveyed in order to establish base rates. Low job challenge, poor-quality supervision, low job control, poor job performance, and low pay rates were associated with employees' experiencing job fatigue. Low physical demand and low information-processing demand positions were also associated with the experience of fatigue, possibly because these variables fell below minimal thresholds necessary to maintain arousal and avoid boredom. The upper portion of the arousal-performance curve was not properly evaluated in this survey. Fatigue may result from processing too much or too little information. Motivational factors probably serve to moderate this relationship.
Public Participation, Teacher Accountability, and School Outcomes: Findings from Baseline Surveys in Three Indian States

This paper presents findings from baseline surveys on student learning achievement, teacher effort and community participation in three Indian states, Karnataka, Madhya Pradesh and Uttar Pradesh. Results indicate low teacher attendance and poor student learning. Parents and school committees are neither aware of their oversight roles nor participating in school management. However, there is substantial heterogeneity in outcomes across states. Karnataka has better student and teacher outcomes as well as higher levels of community awareness and participation than the other two states. The authors find substantial variation in teacher effort within schools, but most observable teacher characteristics are not associated with teacher effort. One reason for low teacher effort may be lack of accountability. Regression analysis suggests low rates of teacher attendance are only part of the problem of low student achievement. The gains in test scores associated with higher rates of attendance and engagement in teaching are small in the states of Madhya Pradesh and Uttar Pradesh, suggesting teachers themselves may not be effective. Ineffective teaching may result from lack of accountability as well as poor professional development of teachers. Further research is needed to examine not only issues of accountability but also professional development of teachers.
Food Tourism as a Viable Market Segment: It's All How You Cook the Numbers!

This study examines whether food is a special interest or mainstream tourism product. Much of the research on special interest tourism examines the activity in isolation of the broader suite of products available in the destination mix. Such a myopic approach may produce impressive looking numbers, but may not define viable market segments. Instead, based on their research findings, the authors argue that a more holistic approach is required to examine food tourism within the context of other products in the destination to determine its value. Overall, this study suggests that consuming food may be a ubiquitous activity for most visitors to sophisticated urban destinations and may not be representative of a specialist segment.