Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Performance Analysis of ZF and MMSE Equalizers for MIMO Systems: An In-Depth Study of the High SNR Regime

This paper presents an in-depth analysis of the zero forcing (ZF) and minimum mean squared error (MMSE) equalizers applied to wireless multiinput multioutput (MIMO) systems with no fewer receive than transmit antennas. In spite of much prior work on this subject, we reveal several new and surprising analytical results in terms of output signal-to-noise ratio (SNR), uncoded error and outage probabilities, diversity-multiplexing (D-M) gain tradeoff and coding gain. Contrary to the common perception that ZF and MMSE are asymptotically equivalent at high SNR, we show that the output SNR of the MMSE equalizer (conditioned on the channel realization) is ρ<sub>mmse</sub> = ρ<sub>zf</sub>+η<sub>\ssr</sub><i>snr</i>, where ρ<sub>zf</sub> is the output SNR of the ZF equalizer and that the gap η<sub>\ssr</sub><i>snr</i> is statistically independent of ρ<sub>zf</sub> and is a nondecreasing function of input SNR. Furthermore, as \ssr <i>snr</i>\ura ∞, η<sub>\ssr</sub><i>snr</i> converges with probability one to a scaled <i>F</i> random variable. It is also shown that at the output of the MMSE equalizer, the interference-to-noise ratio (INR) is tightly upper bounded by [(η<sub>\ssr</sub><i>snr</i>)/(ρ<sub>zf</sub>)]. Using the decomposition of the output SNR of MMSE, we can approximate its uncoded error, as well as outage probabilities through a numerical integral which accurately reflects the respective SNR gains of the MMSE equalizer relative to its ZF counterpart. The ε-outage capacities of the two equalizers, however, coincide in the asymptotically high SNR regime. We also provide the solution to a long-standing open problem: applying optimal detection ordering does not improve the D-M tradeoff of the vertical Bell Labs layered Space-Time (V-BLAST) architecture. It is shown that optimal ordering yields a SNR gain of 10log<sub>10</sub><i>N</i> dB in the ZF-V-BLAST architecture (where <i>N</i> is the number of transmit antennas) whereas for the MMSE-V-BLAST architecture, the SNR gain due to ordered detection is even better and significantly so.
System development through the reuse of existing components

The problems of successful software reuse have occupied the time of many researchers over the last ten years. This paper describes a field of research carried out at the University College of Wales, Aberystwyth, during the Alvey-funded Eclipse project [11. It describes the Component Description Language developed to support reuse by modelling the interfaces that exist between related software components. Support for the language is given in the form of a graphical representation, which it is believed will help speed up system development.
Nucleolar Localization of RNA Binding Proteins Induced by Actinomycin D and Heat Shock in Trypanosoma cruzi

In this work we show that under Actinomycin D (ActD) treatment, several RNA Binding Proteins (RBPs) involved in mRNA metabolism are relocalized into the nucleolus in Trypanosoma cruzi as a specific stress response. ATP depletion as well as kinase inhibition markedly reduced the nucleolar localization response, suggesting that an energy-dependent transport modulated by the phosphorylation status of the parasite might be required. Deletion analyses in one of such proteins, TcSR62, showed that a domain bearing basic amino acids located in the COOH terminal region was sufficient to promote its nucleolar relocalization. Interestingly, we showed that in addition to RBPs, poly(A)+ RNA is also accumulated into the nucleolus in response to ActD treatment. Finally, we found out that nucleolar relocalization of RBPs is also triggered by severe heat shock in a reversible way. Together, these results suggest that the nucleolus of an early divergent eukaryote is either able to sequester key factors related to mRNA metabolism in response to transcriptional stress or behaves as a RBP processing center, arguing in favour to the hypothesis that the non-traditional features of the nucleolus could be acquired early during evolution.
Families of moment matching-based reduced order models for linear descriptor systems

In this paper a moment-matching procedure for descriptor systems is presented. Based on a time-domain notion of moments, parametrized families of reduced order models matching the moments of the original system are derived. An example of exploiting the flexibility of choosing the free matrix parameters is demonstrated by achieving two-sided moment matching, i.e., obtaining reduced order models of order ν matching 2ν moments. In this context, a connection with the Loewner framework is shown which is a special case of the framework presented in this paper.
The related DNA repair deficient photosensitive diseases

THe related DNA repair deficient disorders are the rare autosomal recessive diseases xeroderma pigmentosum (XP), Cockayne syndrome (CS), and trichothiodystrophy (TTD) with an incidence of 1 per million in Europe and the United States and a somewhat higher incidence in Japan (1–3). All 3 conditions are photosensitive. However, only XP is characterized by an inordinate susceptibility to develop sun-induced skin cancers (3, 4). Photodamage consists of dryness and freckling of sun-exposed skin usually starting between 6 months and 3 years of age. This progresses to the formation of telangiectasias, angiomas, depigmentation, atrophy, warty growths, ulcers, and at times vesiculobullous lesions. The skin develops the poikilodermatous changes of chronic sun damage and skin cancers of all varieties, but especially squamous cell carcinomas, basal cell carcinomas and melanomas early in life. There is over a 1000fold increased incidence of non-melanoma skin cancers (NMSC) and melanomas as compared to the general population (3, 4). The patients generally die young, usually of skin cancer, though some die of infections, internal malignancies or other complications. There appears to be a 10-fold increase in the frequency of internal cancers in XP patients (5). Only 5% of 1 large series were over 45 years of age and death occurred about 30 years younger in XP patients as compared to the general US population (4).
The evaluation and management of the solitary pulmonary nodule

Solitary pulmonary nodules (SPNs) are increasingly detected with the widespread use of chest computed tomography (CT) scans. The primary goal of the evaluation of these nodules is to determine whether they are malignant or benign. Clinical factors such as older age, tobacco smoking and current or remote history of malignancy increase the pre-test likelihood of malignancy. Radiological features of the SPN based on chest CT with high resolution cuts are critical in differentiating between benign or malignant lesions. These features include size, change in size, the presence and pattern of calcification, edge characteristics, attenuation, and contrast enhancement. SPNs that are stable in size for >2 years and those with benign pattern of calcification do not need further studies. Lesions with clear change in size are malignant until proven otherwise and require tissue diagnosis. Frequently, the aetiology of the SPN following chest CT scan remains indeterminate and requires further evaluation. The approach to the management of indeterminate SPN ranges between observation with repeat chest CT scan, further diagnostic studies such as positron emission tomography (PET) scan, or invasive procedures to obtain tissue diagnosis. These procedures include bronchoscopy, transthoracic needle aspirate, and resection by video assisted thoracoscopy or thoracotomy. Determination of which approach to follow depends on the pre-test probability of malignancy, whether the patient is a surgical candidate, and the patient’s informed preferences. This article reviews the radiological features of the SPN and their value in differentiating between benign and malignant lesions. This is followed by discussion of the different approaches to the management of the SPN after initial characterisation by chest CT scan, including the benefits and limitations of the different diagnostic studies.
The changes and factors associated with post-discharge self-care behaviors among Chinese patients with heart failure

Background Self-care behavior is essential for achieving good outcomes among patients with heart failure. Understanding the factors associated with self-care over time is important for the provision of appropriate and targeted interventions. However, little is known regarding the changes and factors associated with post-discharge self-care behaviors among Chinese patients with heart failure. Objective To investigate the changes and factors of self-care behaviors during the first 3 months following discharge among patients with heart failure in the People’s Republic of China. Methods A descriptive design with a convenience sample was utilized in this study. Patients (N=128) from two hospitals, West China Hospital and Angjin Hospital, in Chengdu, People’s Republic of China, were recruited from June 2013 to June 2014. The instruments used in the study included the following: the Social Support Rating Scale, the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale, the Self-Efficacy for Managing Chronic Disease 6-Item Scale, and the European Heart Failure Self-Care Behaviour Scale. Multivariate linear regression analyses were used to identify the factors related to self-care behaviors at baseline, 1 month, and 3 months following discharge. Results Patients’ self-care behaviors were poor and decreased significantly over time (F=4.09, P<0.05). The factors associated with self-care behaviors at baseline included the following: education level, comorbidities, and social support. The factors related to self-care behaviors at 1 and 3 months following discharge included the following: education level, comorbidities, social support, and self-efficacy. The variances in self-care behaviors attributed to these factors were 43%, 46%, and 42% at baseline, 1 month, and 3 months following discharge, respectively. Conclusion Additional support should be provided to patients with heart failure with low educational levels and patients with multiple comorbidities. Follow-up, continuity of care, and family caregiver integration following discharge are necessary for the said patients to improve their self-care behaviors and obtain better outcomes.
HFE Mutations in Neurodegenerative Disease as a Model of Hormesis

Common variants in the iron regulatory protein HFE contribute to systematically increased iron levels, yet the effects in the brain are not fully characterized. It is commonly believed that iron dysregulation is a key contributor to neurodegenerative disease due to iron’s ability to catalyze reactive oxygen species production. However, whether HFE variants exacerbate or protect against neurodegeneration has been heavily debated. Some claim that mutated HFE exacerbates oxidative stress and neuroinflammation, thus predisposing carriers to neurodegeneration-linked pathologies. However, H63D HFE has also been shown to slow the progression of multiple neurodegenerative diseases and to protect against environmental toxins that cause neurodegeneration. These conflicting results showcase the need to further understand the contribution of HFE variants to neurodegenerative disease heterogeneity. Data from mouse models consistently demonstrate robust neuroprotection against toxins known to increase the risk of neurodegenerative disease. This may represent an adaptive, or hormetic, response to increased iron, which leaves cells better protected against future stressors. This review describes the current research regarding the contribution of HFE variants to neurodegenerative disease prognosis in the context of a hormetic model. To our knowledge, this is the first time that a hormetic model for neurodegenerative disease has been presented.
Building a Java Software Engineering Tool for Testing Java Applets

As the Java programming environment matures and Java starts to be used to create "real" applications, programmers will require that sophisticated software engineering tools be co-opted from C and C++ development environments for use with Java. Software testing tools make up one important class of these software engineering tools. This paper describes some of the issues that we encountered while converting a C/C++ code coverage tool for use on Java code. Our successful conversion resulted in the first code coverage tool suitable for use in testing Java applets.
MYCETOMA OF THE FOOT

Mycetoma of the foot has, in the past, been a condition of the utmost rarity in Great Britain. The large-scale immigration of ex-colonial subjects to the temperate isles of the United Kingdom, however, has confronted us with problems hitherto regarded as pathological curiosities deserving but brief smalltype references in the textbooks. W. S. C. Symmers of London, in a personal communication, 1 has recently informed me that he has seen no fewer than twenty cases of mycetoma in Great Britain since the last war, all but one of these patients having acquired the infection overseas. My fortuitous encounter with a case of maduromycosis in the last year has allowed me the honour of addressing you today. My patient, a Negro man 51 years of age who was bred and born in Grenada, in the Windward Islands of the West Indies, came to the United Kingdom six years ago. Almost exactly one year ago he was referred to my clinic on account of a swelling of his right foot; the onset of the swelling had occurred shortly after he stumbled on that foot 20 years earlier. The swelling had remained small until eight months before the patient was first seen when it increased in size. He stated that it had never produced any discharge. At the time of the accident and during the greater part of his life the patient was employed in gardening and soil cultivation, and he was frequently barefooted. On examination, the patient was a fitlooking man. His general physical condition was excellent, with no signs of systemic disease. A large deepseated non-tender puffy swelling was present over the entire dorsum of the right foot and toes, excluding the hallux. It was studded with hard superficial nodules; deep-seated nodular infiltrations were also present, but sinuses were not clinically evident. Ankle and toe movements were full within the limits imposed by the swelling. The patient walked reasonably well with a moderate limp. An x-ray of the chest showed clear lung fields. The W.R. was negative. Hematologic test results were within normal limits. Serum proteins and urine were normal. An x-ray of the foot showed no bony lesion. On a biopsy specimen, small black grains were visible to the unaided eye. Microscopic and cultural tests disclosed a maduromycotic infection. The colonies were velvety and brownish grey, each possessing a prominent central umbo with concentric zones of lighter and darker shades at the edges. Radial furrows were present on their surfaces. The isolate assimilated glucose, maltose, galactose and sucrose, but not lactose.
The Influence of Charged Sand Particles on the External Insulation Performance of Composite Insulators in Sandstorm Condition

In sandstorm condition, sand particles with different size collide with each other, resulting in electrification of sand particles and a strong electric field will form. When the charged sand particles move to the neighborhood of line insulators, they will impact the external insulation performance of line insulators. In this paper, electric field distribution of composite insulators with the existence of charged sand particles is calculated by means of finite element method. The result indicates that charged sand particles distort the electric field distribution around insulators obviously; the degree of aberration varies with the amount of charge that the sand particles take; when charged sand particles suspend on the surface of sheds or sheaths, these parts will bear very high field stress; when the charge-to-mass ratio of charged sand particles reaches a certain extent, corona discharge will happen in the ambient air, this will accelerate the ageing of composite insulators
Yeast SEC16 gene encodes a multidomain vesicle coat protein that interacts with Sec23p

Temperature-sensitive mutations in the SEC16 gene of Saccharomyces cerevisiae block budding of transport vesicles from the ER. SEC16 was cloned by complementation of the sec16-1 mutation and encodes a 240-kD protein located in the insoluble, particulate component of cell lysates. Sec16p is released from this particulate fraction by high salt, but not by nonionic detergents or urea. Some Sec16p is localized to the ER by immunofluorescence microscopy. Membrane-associated Sec16p is incorporated into transport vesicles derived from the ER that are formed in an in vitro vesicle budding reaction. Sec16p binds to Sec23p, a COPII vesicle coat protein, as shown by the two-hybrid interaction assay and affinity studies in cell extracts. These findings indicate that Sec16p associates with Sec23p as part of the transport vesicle coat structure. Genetic analysis of SEC16 identifies three functionally distinguishable domains. One domain is defined by the five temperature- sensitive mutations clustered in the middle of SEC16. Each of these mutations can be complemented by the central domain of SEC16 expressed alone. The stoichiometry of Sec16p is critical for secretory function since overexpression of Sec16p causes a lethal secretion defect. This lethal function maps to the NH2-terminus of the protein, defining a second functional domain. A separate function for the COOH-terminal domain of Sec16p is shown by its ability to bind Sec23p. Together, these results suggest that Sec16p engages in multiple protein-protein interactions both on the ER membrane and as part of the coat of a completed vesicle.
Morphological analysis for rule based machine translation

The Arabic language is a Semitic language and it exhibits systematic but complex morphological structure based on root-pattern design. The aim of the present paper is to propose a transfer-based approach using morphological analysis which induces a syntactic symmetry and morphology to improve machine translation system between Arabic and English. Both languages are highly asymmetrical in terms of morphological structures. Our system supposes segmentation the word in the morphologically rich language into the sequence of prefix (es)-stem-suffix (es). The system identifies morphemes to be merged or deleted in the morphologically rich language to make the desired morphological and syntactic symmetry. The technique applied aims to improve Arabic-to-English translation quality.
Algorithms for Quantum Branching Programs Based on Fingerprinting

In the paper we develop a method for constructing quantum algorithms for computing Boolean functions by quantum ordered read-once branching programs (quantum OBDDs). Our method is based on fingerprinting technique and representation of Boolean functions by their characteristic polynomials. We use circuit notation for branching programs for desired algorithms presentation. For several known functions our approach provides optimal QOBDDs. Namely we consider such functions as Equality, Palindrome, and Permutation Matrix Test. We also propose a generalization of our method and apply it to the Boolean variant of the Hidden Subgroup Problem.
Anveshan: A Framework for Analysis of Multiple Annotators’ Labeling Behavior

Manual annotation of natural language to capture linguistic information is essential for NLP tasks involving supervised machine learning of semantic knowledge. Judgements of meaning can be more or less subjective, in which case instead of a single correct label, the labels assigned might vary among annotators based on the annotators' knowledge, age, gender, intuitions, background, and so on. We introduce a framework "Anveshan," where we investigate annotator behavior to find outliers, cluster annotators by behavior, and identify confusable labels. We also investigate the effectiveness of using trained annotators versus a larger number of untrained annotators on a word sense annotation task. The annotation data comes from a word sense disambiguation task for polysemous words, annotated by both trained annotators and untrained annotators from Amazon's Mechanical turk. Our results show that Anveshan is effective in uncovering patterns in annotator behavior, and we also show that trained annotators are superior to a larger number of untrained annotators for this task.
Shoulder joint flexibility in top athletes

Joint range of motion (ROM) is very important in daily activities, sport and in clinical diagnosis. Many factors have been reported to influence joint ROM. Musculoskeletal adaptation and some special side effects due to his or her physical demands and movement patterns in professional athletes are very important subjects in sport sciences. The present study is a comparison of shoulder joint ROM in elite athlete and non-athlete groups and its relationship to their age, post and years of their tournament play. The subjects in this study included 106 men with mean age (23.65 ± 3.45) and mean years of tournament play (5.60 ± 2.23). The groups of subjects included 26 handball players, 25 volleyball players, 25 soccer players and 30 non-athletes. Data were collected through questionnaires and inspection, and subjects’ ROM was measured by “Leighton flex- ometer” (r = 0.90 – 0.99) in external rotation and abduction of shoulder joint in dominant and non-domi- nant hands. Data were analyzed by correlation coefficient, t – test, ANOVA and post hock Schaffe test. The results showed that an increase in age and years of tournament play reduced the shoulder ROM of subjects (p ≤ 0.05). There were significant differences in shoulder ROM among athletic groups. Additionally, there are significant differences between dominant and non-dominant hands (p ≤ 0.05). It can be concluded that more specific stretching exercises and warm-up for shoulder in all athletes and especially in older and experienced players should be performed by coaches. The results also emphasized routine screening, corrective exercise programs and a design of preventing strategies by athletic trainers and coaches.
The Work Ability Index (WAI) in the Healthcare Sector: A Cross-Sectional/Retrospective Assessment of the Questionnaire

The Work Ability Index (WAI) is the most widely used questionnaire for the self-assessment of working ability. Because of its different applications, shorter versions, and widespread use in healthcare activities, assessing its characteristics is worthwhile. The WAI was distributed online among the employees of a healthcare company; the results were compared with data contained in the employees’ personal health records and with absence registers. A total of 340 out of 575 workers (59.1%) participated; 6.5% of them reported poor work ability. Exploratory factor analysis indicated that the one-factor version best described the characteristics of the WAI. The scores of the complete WAI, the shorter form without the list of diseases, and the minimal one-item version (WAS) had equal distribution and were significantly correlated. The WAI score was inversely related to age and significantly lower in women than in men, but it was higher in night workers than in their day shift counterparts due to the probable effect of selective factors. The WAI score was also correlated with absenteeism, but no differences were found between males and females in the average number of absences, suggesting that cultural or emotional factors influence the self-rating of the WAI. Workers tended to over-report illnesses in the online survey compared to data collected during occupational health checks. Musculoskeletal disorders were the most frequently reported illnesses (53%). Psychiatric illnesses affected 21% of workers and had the greatest impact on work ability. Multilevel ergonomic and human factor intervention seems to be needed to recover the working capacity of healthcare workers.