Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Military Expenditure, Exports and Growth

SUMMARY The fact that high expenditure on armaments impedes economic growth by diverting ressources from investment has been repeatedly stressed. The present paper indicates an additional route by which military expenditure may slow down economic growth. The clue is taken from the ‘export-led growth’ models (Beckerman, Lamfalussy) which claim a correlation between growth of exports and total economic growth. It is then argued that high military expenditure reduces export availabilities in the machinery and transport equipment sector where chances for export expansion have been above average. This brake on the most expansive sector dampens export growth in general. A slow-down in GNP-growth follows from this. A preliminary glance at the statistical picture shows that the above hypothesis should not be completely ruled out. ZUSAMMENFASSUNG Die wachstumshemmende Wirkung hoher Rustungsausgaben, die durch die Ver-minderung von Resourcen fur Investitionszwecke hervorgerufen wird, ist schon oft betont worden. Die vorliegende Arbeit weist auf einen moglichen weiteren Zusammenhang zwischen Hohe der Militarausgaben und Rate des Wirtschafts-wachstums hin. Ausgangspunkt sind die Theorien eines «export-led growth» (Beckerman, Lamfalussy), die eine positive Korrelation zwischen Export- und allgemeinem Wirtschaftswachstum postulieren. Es wird dann darauf hingewiesen, dass hohe Militarausgaben das Exportangebot im Sektor der Maschinen und Ver-kehrsmittel beschneiden, der im Welthandel weit rascher expandiert als andere Sektoren. Diese Bremswirkung im expansivsten Sektor zieht eine Verlangsamung des Exportwachstums im allgemeinen nach sich und fuhrt schliesslich zu einer relativ niedrigeren Wachstumsrate des Bruttosozialprodukts. Ein enter Blick ad das vorhandene statistische Material zeigt, dass die obige Hypothese nicht ohne weiteres von der Hand zu weisen ist. RESUME Des depenses importantes pour l'armement empechent la croissance economique parce qu'elles detournent les ressources necessaires a l'investissement. Ce fait est largement connu. L'article se tourne vers une autre relation possible entre la hauteur des depenses militaires et le ralentissement de la croissance economique. Les theories du «export-led growth» (Beckerman, Lamfalussy) servent de point de repere: elles stipulent une correlation positive entre la croissance economique en general et celle des exportations. L'auteur demontre par la suite que les depenses militaires elevees reduisent les possibilites d'exportations dans la secteurs des machines et des moyens de transport. On sait que partout l'expansion de ces deux secteurs at bien au-dessus de la moyenne. Pour cette raison un freinage touchant ces deux secteun particulierement expands ralentira la croissance des exporta-tions en general et aboutira par la suite a un tau d'accroissement moins eleve du produit national brut. Un regard preliminaire Bur le materiel statistique affirme que l'hypothese developpee par l'auteur ne devrait etre exclue.
Betting volume and market efficiency in Hong Kong race track betting

The Harville formula provides an analytical basis for the arbitrage pricing relationship between the odds on 'win' bets and the odds on 'quinella' bets in parimutuel betting markets. This study employs this relationship and high frequency time series data on the evolution of the betting odds from Hong Kong race tracks to test the hypothesis of betting market efficiency and to examine the role of the volume of belting. The non-stationary odds data are analysed using Johansen's maximum likelihood cointegration techniques to test the condition for market efficiency. The volume of betting is found to be a significant determinant of the degree of market efficiency across races but not within races.
Work-Related Depression in Frontline Service Jobs in the Hospitality Industry: Evidence from Iran

The purpose of this study is to develop and test a research model that investigates work-related depression in frontline employees in the hospitality industry. Specifically, the model examines exhaustion and disengagement as full mediators of the effects of customer verbal aggression and perceptions of organizational politics on work-related depression. Data pertaining to the predictor and criterion variables were obtained from frontline hotel employees in two waves in Iran where the two waves were separated by a time lag of one week. The aforementioned relationships were tested using LISREL 8.30 through path analysis. The results revealed that disengagement functioned as a full mediator of the effects of customer verbal aggression and perceptions of organizational politics on work-related depression. On the contrary, there was no empirical support for the mediating role of exhaustion. Management implications of the findings, limitations of the study, and avenues for future research are discussed.
Innovative activities of an incumbent and a potential entrant: an empirical exploration of the role of uncertainty in product and process innovations

By distinguishing between product and process innovations, we empirically examine how uncertainty affects the innovation activities of incumbents and potential entrants. We find that potential entrants are more innovative than incumbents in both process and product innovations, which supports the patent race model. Furthermore, we find that uncertainty plays a crucial role in hindering an incumbent's incentive for product innovation, but has little impact on the innovation activities of both incumbents and entrants with respect to process innovation. The results suggest that a higher uncertainty in product innovation can raise the incentive for incumbent firms to seek for cooperation with new entrants.
Alkylated Dinaphtho[2,3‐b:2′,3′‐f]Thieno[3,2‐b]Thiophenes (Cn‐DNTTs): Organic Semiconductors for High‐Performance Thin‐Film Transistors

Organic thin-fi lm transistors (OTFTs) have attracted great interest for their potential use in several electronic applications, including active-matrix displays, electronic paper, and chemical sensors. [ 1 ] Among the many semiconducting materials evaluated in the TFT confi guration, pentacene is the best as it shows the highest fi eld-effect mobility ( > 3.0 cm 2 V − 1 s − 1 ). [ 2 , 3 ] On the other hand, new organic semiconductors are being actively investigated to further improve the performance of OTFTs. In fact, superior unconventional organic semiconductors used to produce high-performance OTFTs have been recently reported, including picene (3.2 cm 2 V − 1 s − 1 ), [ 4 ] trans -1,2-dithieno[2,3b ′ :3,2d ′ ]thiophene ethene (DTTE, 2.0 cm 2 V − 1 s − 1 ), [ 5 ] dithieno[2,3d ;2 ′ ,3 ′ d ′ ]benzo[1,2b ;4,5b ′ ]dithiophene (DTBDT, 1.7 cm 2 V − 1
Measuring the burden of secondary insults in head-injured patients during intensive care.

Primary traumatic brain damage may be compounded by secondary pathophysiological insults that can occur soon after trauma, during transfer to hospital or subsequent treatment of the head-injured patient. The aim of this prospective study was to quantify the burden of a wide range of secondary insults occurring after head injury and to relate these to 12-month outcome. In 124 adult head-injured patients studied during intensive care using a computerized data collection system, < or = 14 clinically indicated physiological variables were measured minute-by-minute. Verified values falling outside threshold limits for > or = 5 min, as defined by the Edinburgh University Secondary Insult Grading scheme, were analysed by insult grade and duration. A greater incidence of secondary insults was detected than previous studies have indicated. Insults were found in 91% of patients and occurred in all severities of head trauma, at all ages, and at every level of Injury Severity Score (ISS). The cumulative durations were much greater than previously recorded although 85% of the total time was at the least severe grade. Short duration insults were common. In 71 patients, in whom 8 insults could be assessed (intracranial pressure, arterial hypo- and hypertension, cerebral perfusion pressure, hypoxemia, pyrexia, brady- and tachycardia), outcome at 12 months was analysed using logistic regression to determine the relative influence of age, admission Glasgow Coma Sumscore, ISS, pupil response on admission, and insult duration on both mortality and morbidity. The most significant predictors of mortality in this patient set were durations of hypotensive (p = .0064), pyrexic (p = .0137), and hypoxemic (p = .0244) insults. When good versus poor outcome was considered, hypotensive insults (p = .0118) and pupil response on admission (p = .0226) were significant.
Thai Trade Policy: From Non-Discriminatory Liberalisation to FTAs

FTAs have dominated Thai trade policy recently, reflecting the general trend in east Asia. But they also reflect domestic political changes, especially the decision-making style of the Thaksin government. Thai FTAs have become very politicised. In particular, the US-Thai FTA negotiations have run into a storm of domestic protest. The first section of the paper surveys the national trade-policy framework. It highlights the slowdown of unilateral trade and FDI liberalisation after the Asian crisis, though a descent back into protectionism was successfully resisted. Thailand punches well below its weight in the WTO, and not very forcefully in ASEAN, because political attention and negotiating resources have switched to FTAs. The second section identifies the main actors in Thai trade policy, and briefly describes the trade-policy decision-making process as well as recent developments during the Thaksin administration. The following central section deals with Thailand's FTAs. These have been driven by vague foreign-policy goals, while credible economic strategy has been lacking. The residual commercial logic is narrowly mercantilist and 'trade-light', seeking an exchange of concessions in a narrow range of sectors rather than comprehensive, trade-creating FTAs. Weak and partial FTAs are the result. The sole exception has been the Thailand-USA FTA negotiations, as the USA wants a strong, deep-integration FTA. However, negotiations were suspended in 2006 in the wake of the Thai political crisis. Overall, Thai trade policy post-Asian crisis is highly unbalanced. It stands on a shaky FTA leg, while the other WTO leg has gone to sleep and the ASEAN arm is limp. Above all, core unilateral liberalisation and related regulatory reform are lacking.
Expansionary Fiscal Contractions? Evidence from Panel Data

We examine the ability of the expansionary fiscal contraction (EFC) hypothesis to explain the performance of OECD economies during fiscal crises. We find some limited evidence in its favour: if public consumption is reduced in response to a fiscal crisis (as defined by a high level of debt), private consumption does seem to increase. However, the size of the effect is smaller than that typically found in other studies. Furthermore, the increase in private consumption is usually not sufficient to offset the direct effect of a reduction in public consumption on output—fiscal contractions are not literally expansionary.
Isoform‐specific antibodies reveal distinct subcellular localizations of C9orf72 in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis

A noncoding hexanucleotide repeat expansion in C9orf72 is the most common cause of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) and frontotemporal lobar degeneration (FTLD). It has been reported that the repeat expansion causes a downregulation of C9orf72 transcripts, suggesting that haploinsufficiency may contribute to disease pathogenesis. Two protein isoforms are generated from three alternatively spliced transcripts of C9orf72; a long form (C9‐L) and a short form (C9‐S), and their function(s) are largely unknown owing to lack of specific antibodies.
Water-holding capacity assessment of meat using an electromagnetic sensing method

The loss of water from fresh meat (drip loss) has a considerable influence on its properties. High drip loss will affect both the yield and quality of meat. It may lead to a large reduction in financial output, nutritional value as well as consumer appeal. Water-holding capacity (WHC) is the ability of muscle to retain naturally occurring moisture in meat. Current methods used to estimate WHC of postmortem muscle by means of measuring drip loss are time-consuming. This paper highlights current methods used to measure WHC and drip loss in meat. The paper will also present a novel method to measure drip loss and hence determine WHC using a microwave cavity. The cavity is first modelled using Ansys High Frequency Structure Simulator (HFSS). The cavity is then constructed, tested and evaluated in LJMU laboratories. The results obtained using different types of meat such as; pork, chicken, beef and lamb are presented and discussed in this paper. The results indicate that determination of WHC using microwave spectroscopy is a promising alternative to the existing methods.
Dotlike hemosiderin spots on T2*-weighted magnetic resonance imaging as a predictor of stroke recurrence: a prospective study.

OBJECT Microangiopathy associated with hypertension is a notable cause of cerebral small vessel disease (SVD), including deep intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) and lacunar infarct. Dotlike low-intensity spots (dotlike hemosiderin spots: dotHSs) on T2*-weighted magnetic resonance (MR) images have been histologically diagnosed as old cerebral microbleeds associated with lipohyalinosis, amyloid angiopathy, or other microangiopathies and located in deep or subcortical regions. The aim of this study was to determine whether dotHSs indicate the severity of microangiopathy, and if so, whether large numbers of deep dotHSs are associated with SVD recurrence. METHODS The authors prospectively analyzed the number of dotHSs in 337 patients-191 men and 146 women with a mean age of 66 +/- 10.4 years (range 37-94 years)-with SVD (199 ICHs and 138 lacunar infarcts) who had been consecutively admitted to Hakodate Municipal Hospital. The follow-up period was 3.5 to 42 months (22.5 +/- 13.1 months). Patients were divided into two groups based on the recurrence. The hazard ratio (HR) for recurrence was estimated based on the Cox proportional hazard model by using the number of deep and subcortical dotHSs as well as other factors. Of 337 patients, 20 were readmitted with recurrence. Results of a multivariate analysis revealed an elevated rate of recurrence in patients with many subcortical dotHSs (> or = 5, HR 4.36, p = 0.0019) or a history of ICH (HR 3.82, p = 0.014). A trend toward a positive correlation (Pearson correlation coefficient 0.548, p < 0.0001) was found between the number of deep and subcortical dotHSs. CONCLUSIONS Although a small sample size limited the power of analyses, the findings indicate that a large number of subcortical dotHSs may predict SVD recurrence.
Orthology Guided Transcriptome Assembly of Italian Ryegrass and Meadow Fescue for Single‐Nucleotide Polymorphism Discovery

Transcriptomes of F. pratensis and L. multiflorum were sequenced and assembled We present a catalogue of SNPs for ancestry analysis and future breeding of grasses We defined interspecific SNPs to study parental‐genome specific gene expression in hybrids We positioned SNPs on linkage groups for high‐resolution genome constitution analysis
The Consultancy Process — An Insecure Business?

This paper examines the practices and perceptions of management consultants and their clients. The existing literature, which emphasizes managerial anxiety in accounting for the persistent use of consultants and, relatedly, the transience of management ideas is critically developed. It is argued that such accounts tend to be abstracted from the power relations of organizations and capitalism and to portray management as passive victims of confident consultants. An alternative interactive model is proposed, which is based on reciprocal and self‐defeating concerns of clients and consultants to secure a sense of identity and control. This is explored empirically, highlighting the hitherto neglected active role of managers in resisting consultancy and the pressures and anxieties experienced by consultants. The account selectively draws on secondary sources as well as interview, documentary and survey research of IT strategy consultants and clients in the UK financial services sector.
U.S. consumer preference and willingness-to-pay for domestic corn-fed beef versus international grass-fed beef measured through an experimental auction

Experimental auction procedures were used to measure Chicago and San Francisco consumers' willingness-to-pay for beef flavor from domestic, corn-fed beef versus Argentine, grass-fed beef. Based on taste panel rankings and bid differentials between paired steak samples, consumers were grouped into one of three beef-preference categories: corn-fed beef preferring, grass-fed beef preferring, and indifferent. A multinomial logit model and regression analysis were used to identify consumers who prefer a particular flavor of beef. On average, consumers were willing to pay a 30.6% premium for corn-fed beef. Sixty-two percent of the participants were willing to pay an average premium of $1.61 more per pound for the corn-fed beef, 23% of the consumers were willing to pay a premium of $1.36 more per pound for the grass-fed beef, only 15% of the consumers were indifferent. The results have important implications for country-of-origin labeling of beef products, as well as niche marketing of corn-fed and grass-fed beef. lEconLit citations: L110, L660, Q130r. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Plataforma web para la identificación y el análisis de eventos en Twitter

Resumen. Debido a la gran popularidad que han adquirido actualmente las redes sociales entre personas, empresas, figuras publicas etc., surge la necesidad de contar con metodos automaticos que faciliten la busqueda, recuperacion y analisis de grandes cantidades de informacion. Ante esto, el Analista de Reputacion en Ĺinea (ARL) enfrenta el reto de identificar temas relevantes alrededor de un evento, producto y/o figura publica; a partir de lo cual puede proponer diferentes estrategias para fortalecer y/o revertir tendencias. Por lo tanto, en este trabajo se propone y describe una herramienta web que tiene como objetivo principal apoyar en las tareas desempenadas por un ARL. Las tecnicas de visualizacion propuestas permiten identificar de manera inmediata la relevancia y el alcance de las opiniones generadas sobre un evento sucedido en Twitter.
Effects of teriparatide retreatment in a patient with β‐thalassemia major

Bone disease is a frequent complication of β‐thalassemia major (β‐ΤΜ) and its etiology is multifactorial. Marrow expansion, chronic hypoxia, endocrine complications, and iron overload caused chiefly by chronic transfusion treatment are significant factors affecting skeletal health. Bone disease is prevalent even among patients on regular transfusions and adequate iron chelation. The life expectancy of patients with β‐thalassemia has increased during the past decade and so, nowadays, patients with thalassemia‐associated bone disease (TBD) often require long‐term management. There are limited data concerning their pharmacologic treatment. Bisphosphonates represent the most widely studied agents in such patients and there are no published studies about the effects of anabolic treatment. Retreatment with teriparatide has only occasionally been studied in patients with osteoporosis.
Effect of Opponent Type on Moral Emotions and Responses to Video Game Play

This study suggests that fighting against different types of opponents in video games (e.g., human opponents vs. monster opponents) may lead to different emotional responses and moral judgments toward game characters. Based on Bandura's moral disengagement theory, this study proposes that shooting at monster opponents makes game players feel less guilty and judge the player-controlled character as more morally justified. An experiment was conducted in which participants played shooting games with either human opponents or monster opponents. The results show that when playing against monster opponents, participants felt both less ashamed and less guilty, reported enjoying the game more, and judged their character as more justified than participants who played against human opponents.
Effect of back gate on parasitic bipolar effect in FD SOI MOSFETs

In short-channel fully-depleted (FD) silicon-on-insulator (SOI) MOSFETs, the drain leakage current is enhanced by the parasitic bipolar transistor. The parasitic bipolar effect is induced by band-to-band tunneling and floating-body effects. It strongly depends on film thickness and back-gate voltage. We show experimentally the possibility to reduce the parasitic bipolar effect by biasing the back gate (ground plane). Based on devices simulations, we discuss the origin of the bipolar action, its suppression and the possible applications.
The Influence of CO2 Enrichment on Net Photosynthesis of Seagrass Zostera marina in a Brackish Water Environment

Seagrasses are distributed across the globe and their communities may play key roles in the coastal ecosystems. Seagrass meadows are expected to benefit from the increased carbon availability which might be used in photosynthesis in a future high CO2 world. The main aim of this study was to examine the effect of elevated pCO2 on the net photosynthesis of seagrass Zostera marina in a brackish water environment. The short-term mesocosm experiments were conducted in Koiguste Bay (northern part of Gulf of Riga, the Baltic Sea) in June-July 2013 and 2014. As the levels of pCO2 naturally range from ca. 150 μatm to well above 1000 μatm under summer conditions in Koiguste Bay we chose to operate in mesocosms with the pCO2 levels of ca. 2000, ca. 1000 and ca. 200 μatm. Additionally, in 2014 the photosynthesis of Z. marina was measured outside of the mesocosm in the natural conditions. In the shallow coastal Baltic Sea seagrass Z. marina lives in a highly variable environment due to seasonality and rapid changes in meteorological conditions. This was demonstrated by the remarkable differences in water temperatures between experimental years of ca. 8°C. Thus, the current study also investigated the effect of elevated pCO2 in combination with short-term natural fluctuations of environmental factors, i.e. temperature and PAR on the photosynthesis of Z. marina. Our results show that elevated pCO2 alone did not enhance the photosynthesis of the seagrass. The photosynthetic response of Z. marina to CO2 enrichment was affected by changes in water temperature and light availability.
Regulatory T cells as therapeutic target in Hodgkin's lymphoma.

BACKGROUND The clinical and pathological features of Hodgkin's lymphoma (HL) reflect an abnormal immune response that results from cytokines and chemokines secreted by Hodgkin/Reed-Sternberg (H/R-S) cells and/or the surrounding tissue. OBJECTIVE Increasing evidence indicates that H/R-S cells recruit and/or induce regulatory T (Treg) cells that contribute to an ineffective immune clearance of the malignant cell types and may also impair effects of adaptive cellular immunotherapy applied in HL. METHODS In this review we highlight advances in the understanding of immune regulation in HL, and discuss implications for immunotherapy in this disease by targeting Treg cells. However, the origin, development, migration and functional mechanism of these Treg cells are under discussion. RESULTS/CONCLUSION As studies demonstrate that the depletion and/or manipulation of Treg cells enhance antitumor immunity, these novel treatment approaches may improve the therapy especially for patients with refractory or relapsed HL.