Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Patients’ Willingness on Community Health Centers as Gatekeepers and Associated Factors in Shenzhen, China

AbstractThe gate-keeping function of primary healthcare facilities has not been fully implemented in China. This study was aiming at assessing the willingness on community health centers (CHCs) as gatekeepers among a sample of patients and investigating the influencing factors.A cross-sectional survey was conducted in 2013. A total of 7761 patients aged 18 to 90 years from 8 CHCs in Shenzhen (China) were interviewed using a structured questionnaire. Descriptive and multivariable logistic regression analyses were used to analyze the characteristics of patients, their willingness on the gatekeeper policy, and identify the associated factors.On willingness of patients to select CHCs as gatekeepers, 70.03% of respondents were willing, 18.95% were neutral, and 9.02% were unwilling. Multivariable analysis indicated that female patients (odds ratio [OR] = 1.15, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.02–1.30); patients with health insurance (OR = 1.21, 95% CI: 1.07–1.36); patients who lives near CHC (OR = 1.89, 95% CI: 1.17–3.05); and patients who were more familiar with the gatekeeper policy (OR = 2.09, 95% CI: 1.85–2.36), had higher level of willingness on the policy. Conversely, reporting with good health status was independently associated with the decreased willingness on gatekeeper policy (OR = 0.69, 95% CI: 0.53–0.90). The findings indicated that patients’ willingness on CHCs as gatekeepers is high. More priority measures, such as expanding medical insurance coverage of patients, strengthening the propaganda of gatekeeper policy, and increasing the access to community health service, are warranted to be taken. This will help to further improve the patients’ willingness on CHCs as gatekeepers. It is thus feasible to implement the gatekeeper policy among patients in China.
External Threat as Coercion

Abstract In coercive relations, threats of negative sanctions extract valued positive sanctions from coercees. Only when coercion is direct, however, are the negative sanctions controlled by the coercer who benefits from the threats. Not previously investigated, indirect coercion relies on threats and negative sanctions that are external to the exploitative relation. We suggest that indirect coercion is ubiquitous. From their inception states have used the threat of external enemies to justify rulers’ increased powers and to provide a patina of legitimacy while, on a smaller scale, criminal organizations such as the mafia have long profited from offering protection. The purpose of this paper is to theoretically model and experimentally investigate indirect coercion and compare its effectiveness in extracting valued resources to that of direct coercion. Previous research has shown that all power structures, whether exchange, conflict or coercive, take two distinct forms, strong and weak. Therefore, experiments on strong and weak indirect coercion are run and are compared to new and previous experiments on strong and weak direct coercion. Theoretically grounded predictions are derived and tested for those structures.
Neural Function Dynamic Clamp Analyses of Cardiac , Endocrine , and

Physiol. Soc. ESSN: 1548-9221. Visit our website at http://www.the-aps.org/. Sci./Am. American Physiological Society, 9650 Rockville Pike, Bethesda MD 20814-3991. © 2006 Int. Union Physiol. the physiological developments. It is published bimonthly in February, April, June, August, October, and December by (formerly published as News in Physiological Science) publishes brief review articles on major Physiology by gest on N ovem er 4, 2016 http://physioline.physiology. org/ D ow nladed fom
Factor Analysis for Influence Maximization Problem in Social Networks

In recent years, researchers have paid more attention to influence maximization problem. This problem is firstly defined by Domingos and Richardson as follows: finding a small set of individuals in a social network that could maximize the spread of influence under certain influence cascade model. To solve this issue, researchers proposed different algorithms. However, in all of these algorithms, the size of the chosen individuals -k, is assigned in advance. In this paper, we conduct a preliminary exploration on the relationship between the size of the chosen set and the corresponding influence spread. We propose two metrics to analyze the factor k. Then we further consider the performance metric of the chosen set, which can be described by the stability of the chosen set. Experimental results on two real social networks show the efficiency and necessity of our proposed metrics.
Upregulation of the Voltage-Gated Sodium Channel β2 Subunit in Neuropathic Pain Models: Characterization of Expression in Injured and Non-Injured Primary Sensory Neurons

The development of abnormal primary sensory neuron excitability and neuropathic pain symptoms after peripheral nerve injury is associated with altered expression of voltage-gated sodium channels (VGSCs) and a modification of sodium currents. To investigate whether the β2 subunit of VGSCs participates in the generation of neuropathic pain, we used the spared nerve injury (SNI) model in rats to examine β2 subunit expression in selectively injured (tibial and common peroneal nerves) and uninjured (sural nerve) afferents. Three days after SNI, immunohistochemistry and Western blot analysis reveal an increase in the β2 subunit in both the cell body and peripheral axons of injured neurons. The increase persists for >4 weeks, although β2 subunit mRNA measured by real-time reverse transcription-PCR and in situ hybridization remains unchanged. Although injured neurons show the most marked upregulation,β2 subunit expression is also increased in neighboring non-injured neurons and a similar pattern of changes appears in the spinal nerve ligation model of neuropathic pain. That increased β2 subunit expression in sensory neurons after nerve injury is functionally significant, as demonstrated by our finding that the development of mechanical allodynia-like behavior in the SNI model is attenuated in β2 subunit null mutant mice. Through its role in regulating the density of mature VGSC complexes in the plasma membrane and modulating channel gating, the β2 subunit may play a key role in the development of ectopic activity in injured and non-injured sensory afferents and, thereby, neuropathic pain.
Fair Resource Partitioning between Cell-Center and Cell-Edge of FFR-Based Multi-Tier Wireless Access Networks

This paper addresses the problem of fair radio resource partitioning between the cell-edge and cell-center regions in the context of the downlink of a SISO-OFDMA cellular system. Although, a plethora of studies concerning OFDMA-based radio resource allocation exists, it is, however, imperative to accord special attention to the proper design of network resource partitioning variables in order to ensure fairness in cell structures in which cell-wide reuse-1 is impracticable. This work focuses on the mathematical formulation of cell-edge/cell-center radio resource partitioning variables and considers the case of an FFR-based multi-layer cellular structure comprising of femtocell underlay. By way of exhaustive search procedure, we determined the optimal radio resource partitioning parameter values from the perspective of user fairness and throughput maximization.
Mobile learning with RFID technology in operating system course

In recent years, the information tools have begun to be extended on teaching. Mobile device is universal that is not just limited to dial-up function. There is teaching at outdoor education courses and language courses with mobile devices as mobile learning that is common in Taiwan. This study hopes that use mobile devices with the course as a learning bridge. Order to encourage learners to enhance learning effectiveness, this study selected with RFID technology and mobile learning in Operating Systems courses. Students can enhance learning fun and effectiveness. The main experimental object is a private university in the third grade students and operating system courses. The result is that improve the effectiveness of student learning and motivation by use this system.
What Do Robot Gestures Tell Us? Emotions and Messages in Simple Robotic Movement

Gesturing is an important activity in social interaction, but how will different types of robot gesture be interpreted by people? Understanding how humans interpret robot gestures will aid design of effective social robots. We examine the generation and interpretation of gestures in a simple social robot capable of head and arm movement using two studies. In the first study, four participants created gestures with corresponding messages and emotions based on 12 different scenarios provided to them. The resulting gestures were then shown in the second study to 12 participants who rated gesture lifelikeness as well as judging which emotions and messages were being conveyed. Knowledge (present or absent) of the motivating scenario (context) for each gesture was manipulated as an experimental factor. Context was found to assist message understanding while providing only modest assistance to emotion recognition. The gestures participants created varied in movement complexity, and lifelikeness was found to be related to the number of arm movements (but not head movements) in a gesture. While better than chance, both emotion (22%) and message understanding (40%) accuracies were relatively low. The results obtained are discussed in terms of implied guidelines for designing gestures for social robots.
Acute Cocaine Differentially Alters Accumbens and Striatal Dopamine Clearance in Low and High Cocaine Locomotor Responders: Behavioral and Electrochemical Recordings in Freely Moving Rats

Behavioral responses of rodents to cocaine are characterized by marked individual variability. Here, outbred male Sprague-Dawley rats were profiled based on concomitant recording of behavioral and electrochemical responses. Rats were categorized as either low or high cocaine responders (LCRs or HCRs, respectively) based on their differential locomotor responsiveness to an acute, low-dose injection of cocaine (10 mg/kg i.p.). LCRs and HCRs also differed in other cocaine-induced behaviors. The role of the dopamine transporter (DAT) in mediating the behavioral differences in cocaine responsiveness in LCRs and HCRs was investigated by high-speed chronoamperometric recording of exogenous dopamine (DA) clearance signals in nucleus accumbens (NAc) and dorsal striatum (dSTR). Higher volumes of DA were required in NAc of HCRs, than of LCRs, to produce equivalent peak DA signal amplitude (A max) responses. In HCRs, systemic cocaine administration evoked an immediate and prolonged 2-fold augmentation in A max in both brain regions, coincident with locomotor activation. The cocaine-induced decrease in the efficiency of DA clearance (k) in NAc of HCRs was more immediate and prolonged than in dSTR, where the transient decrease coincided with maximal stereotypic behavior. In contrast, in LCRs,A max was not altered by cocaine, and decay rate constant (k) was transiently attenuated only in dSTR. Correlation analyses of individual responses revealed that cocaine-induced changes in DA clearance signal parameters accounted for 20 to 40% of the variation in behavioral responsiveness to cocaine. Overall, our findings emphasize the importance of characterizing individual responses to understand more fully the range of functional consequences resulting from DAT inhibition.
Modelling Pasture-based Automatic Milking System Herds: Grazeable Forage Options

One of the challenges to increase milk production in a large pasture-based herd with an automatic milking system (AMS) is to grow forages within a 1-km radius, as increases in walking distance increases milking interval and reduces yield. The main objective of this study was to explore sustainable forage option technologies that can supply high amount of grazeable forages for AMS herds using the Agricultural Production Systems Simulator (APSIM) model. Three different basic simulation scenarios (with irrigation) were carried out using forage crops (namely maize, soybean and sorghum) for the spring-summer period. Subsequent crops in the three scenarios were forage rape over-sown with ryegrass. Each individual simulation was run using actual climatic records for the period from 1900 to 2010. Simulated highest forage yields in maize, soybean and sorghum- (each followed by forage rape-ryegrass) based rotations were 28.2, 22.9, and 19.3 t dry matter/ha, respectively. The simulations suggested that the irrigation requirement could increase by up to 18%, 16%, and 17% respectively in those rotations in El-Niño years compared to neutral years. On the other hand, irrigation requirement could increase by up to 25%, 23%, and 32% in maize, soybean and sorghum based rotations in El-Nino years compared to La-Nina years. However, irrigation requirement could decrease by up to 8%, 7%, and 13% in maize, soybean and sorghum based rotations in La-Nina years compared to neutral years. The major implication of this study is that APSIM models have potentials in devising preferred forage options to maximise grazeable forage yield which may create the opportunity to grow more forage in small areas around the AMS which in turn will minimise walking distance and milking interval and thus increase milk production. Our analyses also suggest that simulation analysis may provide decision support during climatic uncertainty.
LDAPv 3 Intermediate Response March 30 , 2001

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Association between serum homocysteine and arterial stiffness in elderly: a community-based study

Background Arterial stiffness and homocysteine are both powerful predictors of cardiovascular disease, especially in older populations. Previous studies have investigated the association of homocysteine with arterial stiffness in human subjects, while the relationship between homocysteine and arterial stiffness in the elderly is still indefinite. The current study examined the association of homocysteine with arterial stiffness in Chinese community-based elderly persons. Methods We related serum levels of homocysteine to two measures of arterial stiffness (carotid-femoral pulse wave velocity (PWV) and carotid-radial PWV) in 780 participants (46.3% men, mean age 71.9 years (ranging 65–96 years old)) from two communities of Beijing, China. Arterial stiffness was measured within two days of the time of biomarker measurement. Results In multiple-adjusted models, homocysteine levels were strongly associated with the carotid-femoral PWV (standardized β = 0.13, P < 0.001), even after adjustment for classical risk factors of cardiovascular disease. The association is also stronger when the carotid-femoral PWV is elevated above normal, whereas no significant association with homocysteine was observed for carotid-radial PWV. Conclusions In Chinese elderly persons, serum homocysteine levels are associated with alterations of aortic stiffness.
Spectrum allocation for cognitive radio use

One of the most regulated and scarce natural resources of all time is radio spectrum. Access to it has been chronically bounded ever since RF transmissions were first regulated in the early 20th century. There are several efforts to reduce interference with the most important and effective the allocation of spectrum to specific technologies. Additionally, new technologies that use spectrum more efficiently and more cooperatively, analogue switch-off and spectrum refarming, may help to overcome the spectrum shortage. These technologies come with great advances in the field of wireless communications and networking. In this paper we discuss the situation of the current spectrum allocation. Additionally, we explain the reasons of the growth need for utilisation of the license-exempt (LE) spectrum bands. The vast allocations of the latter could be enforced by using the technology of cognitive radios (CRs).
Conservative Management of Invasive Placentation: Two Cases with Different Surgical Approaches

Abstract Background When placenta accreta complicates a delivery, the typical management is to perform a cesarean hysterectomy. Other management strategies, including leaving the placenta in situ, have been attempted and supported in some cases. This may allow for an interval hysterectomy, which can potentially decrease average blood loss and/or allow a minimally invasive approach to the hysterectomy. Cases We present two cases of women with invasive placentation managed conservatively with interval hysterectomy. One woman was managed with robotic-assisted laparoscopic surgery and the other with an open surgical approach. Conclusion These cases highlight the successful use of conservative management for invasive placentation in two stable patients and showcase the novel use of a robotic-assisted laparoscopic surgery for management of invasive placentation.
A Steward Robot to Help Daily Activities in a Smart House Environment

Independence of the people in need in their activities of daily living becomes a matter of vital importance to any society in the years to come. As an approach to achieve independence, this paper addresses the problem of controlling assistive home environment emphasizing human-friendly human-machine interaction. To provide inhabitants with easily accessible, convenient, and cost-effective environment for independent living, we introduce a new service robot categorized into a steward robot as an intermediate agent between inhabitants and complex smart house environment. The learning capability and emotional interaction of the robot can enhance human-friendliness in various tasks. A learning system enables the robot to provide customized services by accumulating knowledge of the user's behavior patterns in daily activities. An emotional interaction system generates facial expressions to communicate with the user in a human-friendly manner. We have developed two types of steward robots: a software type to use everywhere by personal computing devices such as a PDA and a cellular phone, and a hardware type to provide tangible services with physical interaction by two robotic arms and a mobile base.
A Geometric Approach to the Theory of Evidence

In this paper, we propose a geometric approach to the theory of evidence based on convex geometric interpretations of its two key notions of belief function (b.f.) and Dempster's sum. On one side, we analyze the geometry of b.f. 's as points of a polytope in the Cartesian space called belief space, and discuss the intimate relationship between basic probability assignment and convex combination. On the other side, we study the global geometry of Dempster's rule by describing its action on those convex combinations. By proving that Dempster's sum and convex closure commute, we are able to depict the geometric structure of conditional subspaces, i.e., sets of b.f. 's conditioned by a given function b. Natural applications of these geometric methods to classical problems such as probabilistic approximation and canonical decomposition are outlined.
Epidemiology of H 5 N 1 Avian Influenza in Asia and Implications for Regional Control

This study has examined the epidemiology and control of highly pathogenic avian influenza H5N1 (HPAI) in each of the countries affected by the 2003-5 Asian epidemic. By examining the evolution of the epidemic geographically over time, considering available risk factor information, and considering the molecular epidemiological evidence available, it is concluded that either three or four epidemics have occurred concurrently, and that correct understanding of the epidemic processes requires them to be examined in that framework, to identify common factors responsible for their emergence. The 2003-5 epidemics appear to have arisen due to the establishment of H5N1 infection in wild birds in about 2000 to 2002, following earlier evolution of multiple genotypes from the precursor H5N1 virus first identified in geese in China in 1996. This virus appears to have arisen by reassortment among earlier progenitor viruses, which infected a number of different bird species. Although alternative explanations of the mechanism of establishment of epidemics in the different regions of Asia in 2003-5 have been proposed, they are difficult to reconcile with all of the evidence presented in this report and the accompanying country profiles. Viral genotype Z, various subtypes of which have been responsible for a very high proportion of the total outbreaks during the epidemic, emerged by 2002 and largely replaced earlier genotypes. It seems likely that this is due to higher infectivity of this genotype both within and between species. The subtype circulating in Southeast Asia has also shown high virulence for a range of species, including humans. Once the epidemics were seeded into various countries in the region, continuing transmission has depended principally on movements through marketing channels within and possibly between countries, which have caused the large scale of the epidemics, and made control very difficult in countries which have complex poultry trading patterns. The epidemics can only be fully understood by seeing them in ecological terms, with interchange of infection between reservoirs of infection in some species of domestic birds (principally ducks, geese, and quail) and probably wild birds (principally the Family Anatidae), which then cause spillover infection into chickens and other domestic poultry, and from there into a range of mammals. Some species, such as humans, are currently only aberrant hosts which do not transmit infection to any degree, but are at risk of reaching spillover host status due to viral evolution, which could result in a global influenza pandemic. Control by stamping …
Real Time Shadow Removal with K-Means Clustering and RGB Color Model

This paper introduces a hybrid approach that is based on color information that utilizes a mask and K-Means clustering algorithm along with the frame averaging background subtraction technique. This hybrid approach efficiently removes artifacts caused by lightening changes such as highlight and reflection from segmentation, while also successfully removing shadows of stationary objects and dark cast shadows. Dark cast shadows cause an issue with tracking and detection. To eradicate these shadows, we first create a mask by assigning values to R, G and B channels utilizing the shadow properties to this RGB color individually, and then we apply K-Means clustering algorithm to this mask for efficient removal. Simulation results from several video sequences with different scene conditions also reveal the effectiveness and robustness of the proposed algorithm.