Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Secure DSR Protocol in MANET Using Energy Efficient Intrusion Detection System

A mobile ad-hoc network (MANET) is a self-configuring infrastructure less network of mobile devices connected by wireless. MANETs are a kind of wireless ad hoc networks that usually has a routable networking environment on top of a Link Layer ad hoc network. In an attempt to enhance security in MANETs many researchers have suggested and implemented new improvements to the protocols and some of them have suggested new protocols. The attacks on MANET's challenge the mobile infrastructure in which nodes can join and leave easily with dynamics requests without a static path of routing. And also energy efficient routing is most important because all the nodes are battery powered. Failure of one node may affect the entire network. If a node runs out of energy the probability of network partitioning will be increased. Since every mobile node has limited power supply, energy depletion is become one of the main threats to the lifetime of the ad hoc network. The DSR protocol uses source routing rather than the hop-by-hop routing used by the majority of other protocols, which eliminates the need for frequent route advertisement and neighbor detection packets. In this paper we proposed secure DSR protocol in MANET using energy efficient intrusion detection system. The experimental results show that the effectiveness of our results is more efficient than existing works.
Physical activity in the prevention and treatment of hypertension in the obese.

UNLABELLED Physical activity in the prevention and treatment of hypertension in the obese. PURPOSE The purpose of this paper was to assess the value of physical exercise in the prevention and treatment of hypertension with particular attention to possible interactions with relative weight. METHODS We describe epidemiological studies and report meta-analyses of randomized intervention trials, i.e., randomized controlled trials on dynamic physical training and randomized comparative trials of exercise and diet. RESULTS Epidemiological studies show an inverse relationship between physical activity or fitness and the incidence of hypertension, which was either independent of body size or more pronounced in the overweight. The weighted net reduction of blood pressure in response to dynamic physical training averages 3.4/2.4 mm Hg (P < 0.001), which appears to be unrelated to the initial body mass index (BMI) and to its training-induced changes. Exercise is less effective than diet in lowering blood pressure (P < 0.02), and adding exercise to diet does not appear to further reduce blood pressure. Future studies should observe scientific criteria more strictly, address the truly obese (BMI > or = 30 kg x m(-2)) and attempt to resolve the blood pressure lowering mechanisms. CONCLUSION Physical activity contributes to the control of blood pressure in overweight as well as in lean subjects.
Source Analysis of Beta-Synchronisation and Cortico-Muscular Coherence after Movement Termination Based on High Resolution Electroencephalography

We hypothesized that post-movement beta synchronization (PMBS) and cortico-muscular coherence (CMC) during movement termination relate to each other and have similar role in sensorimotor integration. We calculated the parameters and estimated the sources of these phenomena. We measured 64-channel EEG simultaneously with surface EMG of the right first dorsal interosseus muscle in 11 healthy volunteers. In Task1, subjects kept a medium-strength contraction continuously; in Task2, superimposed on this movement, they performed repetitive self-paced short contractions. In Task3 short contractions were executed alone. Time-frequency analysis of the EEG and CMC was performed with respect to the offset of brisk movements and averaged in each subject. Sources of PMBS and CMC were also calculated. High beta power in Task1, PMBS in Task2-3, and CMC in Task1-2 could be observed in the same individual frequency bands. While beta synchronization in Task1 and PMBS in Task2-3 appeared bilateral with contralateral predominance, CMC in Task1-2 was strictly a unilateral phenomenon; their main sources did not differ contralateral to the movement in the primary sensorimotor cortex in 7 of 11 subjects in Task1, and in 6 of 9 subjects in Task2. In Task2, CMC and PMBS had the same latency but their amplitudes did not correlate with each other. In Task2, weaker PMBS source was found bilaterally within the secondary sensory cortex, while the second source of CMC was detected in the premotor cortex, contralateral to the movement. In Task3, weaker sources of PMBS could be estimated in bilateral supplementary motor cortex and in the thalamus. PMBS and CMC appear simultaneously at the end of a phasic movement possibly suggesting similar antikinetic effects, but they may be separate processes with different active functions. Whereas PMBS seems to reset the supraspinal sensorimotor network, cortico-muscular coherence may represent the recalibration of cortico-motoneuronal and spinal systems.
Nucleosome accessibility governed by the dimer/tetramer interface

Nucleosomes are multi-component macromolecular assemblies which present a formidable obstacle to enzymatic activities that require access to the DNA, e.g. DNA and RNA polymerases. The mechanism and pathway(s) by which nucleosomes disassemble to allow DNA access are not well understood. Here we present evidence from single molecule FRET experiments for a previously uncharacterized intermediate structural state before H2A–H2B dimer release, which is characterized by an increased distance between H2B and the nucleosomal dyad. This suggests that the first step in nucleosome disassembly is the opening of the (H3–H4)2 tetramer/(H2A–H2B) dimer interface, followed by H2A–H2B dimer release from the DNA and, lastly, (H3–H4)2 tetramer removal. We estimate that the open intermediate state is populated at 0.2–3% under physiological conditions. This finding could have significant in vivo implications for factor-mediated histone removal and exchange, as well as for regulating DNA accessibility to the transcription and replication machinery.
Green Concrete Produced by Fly Ash and Silica Fume

In the detailed study presented in this paper, an experimental study was conducted to investigate the fresh concrete and compressive strength of concrete when fly ash and silica fume were used. For compressive strength, concrete specimens at three water - binder ratios, namely 0.35, 0.50, 0.70 made with various combinations of portland cement, fly ash, and silica fume were tested at 7, 28 days, and 1 year. The effects of fly ash, silica fume, water - binder ratio, and age were studied on produced 12 mixtures. From the test results, it was concluded that the more effective variable on concrete’s performance was the water - binder ratio; it decreases the compressive strength and unit weight of the concrete.
Therapeutic Advances in Respiratory Disease

To develop an efficient therapy for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), N-acetylcysteine (NAC) has been tested as a medication that can suppress various pathogenic processes in this disease. NAC is a thiol compound, which provides sulfhydryl groups. NAC can act as a precursor of reduced glutathione and as a direct reactive oxygen species scavenger, hence regulating the redox status in the cells. In this way NAC can interfere with several signaling pathways that play a role in regulating apoptosis, angiogenesis, cell growth and inflammatory response. Mucus hypersecretion has been reported in COPD and in other respiratory conditions. Two pathological processes have been described to play an important role in COPD, namely oxidative stress and inflammation. Both of these processes can induce mucin gene expression leading to mucin production. NAC, therefore, may influence mucin expression by acting on oxidative stress and inflammation, and play a role as a mucolytic agent. In this review we focus on the mucolysis of NAC in the management of COPD.
Understanding the potential of social questions in the web search

In this paper, we analyzed the potential of the query-associated social questions for the Web search. The query-associated social question is the question related with the query term asked by users in the social network (e.g., Twitter). We show how people respond to the query-associated social questions and what they expect from the questions. To this end, we built a toy-browser which displays both search results and "related social questions" at the same time and conducted a user study. Our findings show that people wish to know the answer of the social questions and want to exploit interesting topics conveyed by social questions.
A 3-D streamline tracking algorithm using dual stream functions

A methodology has been developed for constructing streamlines and particle paths in numerically generated fluid velocity fields. A graphical technique is used to convert the discretely defined flow within a cell into one represented by two three-dimensional stream functions. Streamlines are calculated by tracking constant values of each stream function, a process which corresponds to finding the intersection of two stream surfaces. The tracking process is mass conservative and does not use a time stepping method for integration, thus eliminating a computationally intensive part of traditional tracking algorithms. The method can be applied generally to any three-dimensional compressible or incompressible steady flow. Results presented compare the performance of the new method to the most commonly used scheme and show that calculation times can be reduced by an order of magnitude. <<ETX>>
Plasma Xanthine Oxidase and Resistance to Hypoxia: Effect of Purines and Alcohol Administration

The administration of allopurinol significantly increased resistance to repeated hypobaric hypoxia, while hypoxanthine decreased it. The administration of adenine or inosine (25 mg/kg) was without effect. The results show pathogenic significance of xanthine oxidase-dependent production of free oxygen radicals in posthypoxic damage. In other experiments, the administration of 50% ethanol (12 ml/kg) by gastric catheter increased plasma xanthine oxidase activity in both rats and hamsters.
Inflammation and neuroprotection in traumatic brain injury.

IMPORTANCE Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is a significant public health concern that affects individuals in all demographics. With increasing interest in the medical and public communities, understanding the inflammatory mechanisms that drive the pathologic and consequent cognitive outcomes can inform future research and clinical decisions for patients with TBI. OBJECTIVES To review known inflammatory mechanisms in TBI and to highlight clinical trials and neuroprotective therapeutic manipulations of pathologic and inflammatory mechanisms of TBI. EVIDENCE REVIEW We searched articles in PubMed published between 1960 and August 1, 2014, using the following keywords: traumatic brain injury, sterile injury, inflammation, astrocytes, microglia, monocytes, macrophages, neutrophils, T cells, reactive oxygen species, alarmins, danger-associated molecular patterns, purinergic receptors, neuroprotection, and clinical trials. Previous clinical trials or therapeutic studies that involved manipulation of the discussed mechanisms were considered for inclusion. The final list of selected studies was assembled based on novelty and direct relevance to the primary focus of this review. FINDINGS Traumatic brain injury is a diverse group of sterile injuries induced by primary and secondary mechanisms that give rise to cell death, inflammation, and neurologic dysfunction in patients of all demographics. Pathogenesis is driven by complex, interacting mechanisms that include reactive oxygen species, ion channel and gap junction signaling, purinergic receptor signaling, excitotoxic neurotransmitter signaling, perturbations in calcium homeostasis, and damage-associated molecular pattern molecules, among others. Central nervous system resident and peripherally derived inflammatory cells respond to TBI and can provide neuroprotection or participate in maladaptive secondary injury reactions. The exact contribution of inflammatory cells to a TBI lesion is dictated by their anatomical positioning as well as the local cues to which they are exposed. CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE The mechanisms that drive TBI lesion development as well as those that promote repair are exceedingly complex and often superimposed. Because pathogenic mechanisms can diversify over time or even differ based on the injury type, it is important that neuroprotective therapeutics be developed and administered with these variables in mind. Due to its complexity, TBI has proven particularly challenging to treat; however, a number of promising therapeutic approaches are now under pre-clinical development, and recent clinical trials have even yielded a few successes. Given the worldwide impact of TBI on the human population, it is imperative that research remains active in this area and that we continue to develop therapeutics to improve outcome in afflicted patients.
Research on theory and method on massive audio video unstructured information intelligent process in emergency system

Mass of information intelligence services are a hot research field of current information, As the massive network of information, particularly audio and video information has a huge amount of data, non-structural, high dimension, semantic feature of diversity, putting forward a new challenge in the mass of information in data integration, deep mining and intelligence analysis. Traditional information processing methods can not meet the major national applications. In this paper, firstly, we explore the formation mechanism of audiovisual perception and visual attention mechanism and study a significant degree of visual and efficient extraction and prediction method. And then research the consistent with human perception of multi-media data representation ambiguity, the inherent connection between the media data and interactive visual media information theory. Finally, we establish intelligent services architecture oriented massive data, efficient integration and intelligence analysis of multimedia unstructured data. This research results can build mass information intelligent service platform technical support system framework, breaking the mass of information intelligence services in a number of technical bottleneck.
Distance education students' perspectives of on-line peer communication

One of the rationales for why distance education has struggled to gain equal prestige with traditional education is educators' perception that face-to-face classroom communication is essential to the learning process. In the past, geographic barriers limited distant education communication. However the over-growing capabilities of personal computers and the Internet have created an opportunity to construct learning communities. The purpose of this study was to determine and compare self-reported student perceptions regarding peer interaction within computer-mediated distance education (CMDE) courses. Communicative Action theory was employed to measure communication validity. Following that, relationships between the measures of communication validity and student perceptions of the importance of and satisfaction with peer communication were investigated. Graduate-level students were invited to participate in a Web survey. The instrument collected data from a sampling of students who had recently completed CMDE courses. Multiple statements employing a five-point scale were used to measure student perceptions regarding communication validity, the importance of peer communication to the learning process, and level of satisfaction with the CMDE experience. Data were analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistics including means, standard deviations, t-tests, and one-way ANOVAs. Primary findings to emerge from this study include the following. (1) Students perceive on-line communication to be coherent, relevant, accurate, and honest. (2) Students are satisfied with the on-line peer communication within the CMDE classroom. (3) Students perceive on-line peer communication to be important to the learning process and their overall satisfaction with the CMDE experience. (4) Novice CMDE students consider online communication to be less relevant than do more experienced students. (5) Older students perceive on-line communication to be more accurate and honest than do younger students. The primary conclusions to emerge from this study include the following. (1) Peer communication within the CMDE experience is valid according to the validity measures of Communicative Action theory. (2) Students believe on-line peer communication within the CMDE experience has value and aids the learning process.
Unique challenges faced by the clinical evaluation of dengue vaccines

The spread of dengue virus via its Aedes mosquito vector throughout most of the tropics and subtropics has led to a worldwide explosion of clinical dengue. Infection by any one of the four dengue virus (DV) serotypes can produce a broad spectrum of illness, including asymptomatic infection, mild febrile illness, classic dengue fever, and the lethal dengue hemorrhagic fever (DHF) and shock syndrome. During the past 50 years, dengue has evolved into one of the world’s major infectious diseases [1]. Over 3.5 billion people are at risk of dengue in over 100 countries, and more than 50–100 million infections occur each year. Dengue is now a leading cause of morbidity in American and European travelers and military personnel, rivaling or exceeding malaria in many countries [2]. No effective antiviral treatment for dengue infection exits. Prevention has relied upon mosquito control, which has been largely ineffective. For all these reasons, policy makers have identified the critical need for safe and effective dengue vaccines [3,4]. Unfortunately, vaccine development efforts have been hampered by two unique features of dengue biology and epidem iology; namely, the existence of multiple DV serotypes and the tendency for a second, heterotypic DV infection to provoke severe or life-threatening illness after a priming infection. Some of these vaccine impediments will be discussed in this article. Comments are limited to live-attenuated tetravalent dengue vaccine (TDV) candidates, because they have entered field trials and some immunogenicity and safety data are available [5]. Subunit and whole killed DV vaccines are, generally speaking, in preclinical development.
Metabolic Syndrome and Breast Cancer in the Me-Can (Metabolic Syndrome and Cancer) Project

Background: Few studies have assessed the metabolic syndrome (MetS) as an entity in relation to breast cancer risk, and results have been inconsistent. We aimed to examine the association between MetS factors (individually and combined) and risk of breast cancer incidence and mortality. Methods: Two hundred ninety thousand women from Austria, Norway, and Sweden were enrolled during 1974-2005, with measurements of height, weight, blood pressure, and levels of glucose, cholesterol, and triglycerides. Relative risks (RR) of breast cancer were estimated using Cox proportional hazards regression for each MetS factor in quintiles and for standardized levels (z-scores) and for a composite z-score for the MetS. Results: There were 4,862 incident cases of breast cancer and 633 deaths from breast cancer identified. In women below age 50, there was a decreased risk of incident cancer for the MetS (per 1-unit increment of z-score; RR, 0.83; 95% confidence interval, 0.76-0.90) as well as for the individual factors (except for glucose). The lowest risks were seen among the heaviest women. In women above age 60, there was an increased risk of breast cancer mortality for the MetS (RR, 1.23; 95% confidence interval, 1.04-1.45) and for blood pressure and glucose. The strongest association with mortality was seen for increased glucose concentrations. Conclusions: The MetS was associated with a decreased risk of incident breast cancer in women below age 50 with high body mass index, and with an increased risk of breast cancer mortality in women above 60. Impact: Lifestyle interventions as recommended for cardiovascular disease prevention may be of value to prevent breast cancer mortality in postmenopausal women. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev; 19(7); 1737–45. ©2010 AACR.
Perceived social network support and well-being in same-sex versus mixed-sex romantic relationships

A theoretical model was tested, in which better perceived social network support specifically for a romantic relationship was hypothesized to predict higher relationship well-being which, in turn, would predict more positive mental and physical health outcomes for relationship partners. Furthermore, the model was tested on participants in both same-sex (i.e., homosexual, n = 183) and mixed-sex (i.e., heterosexual, n = 275) relationships. Structural equation modelling indicated that the hypothesized model did fit the data very well; furthermore, no differences in model fit were found between the two relationship groups. Support specifically for the relationship remained a highly significant predictor of the outcome variables, even when general social support and support for one's sexual orientation were controlled.
Automatic object segmentation using perceptual grouping of regions with contextual constraints

Image segmentation is still considered a very challenging subject despite years of research effort poured into the field. The problem is exacerbated when there is need for specific object detection. Since objects can be visually non-homogeneous, techniques that attempt to segment images into visually uniform regions using only the bottom-up cues, tend to fail. We propose a novel two-step model that incorporates both bottom-up information and top-down object constraints. Firstly, a set of uniform regions are generated using an extension of contour detection, seeded region growing, and graph-based methods. The second step applies co-occurrence constraints on the image regions in order to perceptually group regions into objects. This unsupervised segmentation process models each object using higher-level knowledge in the form of visual co-occurrences of its constituent parts. Experiments on the horse and ImageCLEF databases show that the proposed technique performs comparably well with existing state-of-the-art techniques.
Who Writes the News? Corporate Press Releases During Merger Negotiations

type="main"> Firms have an incentive to manage media coverage to influence their stock prices during important corporate events. Using comprehensive data on media coverage and merger negotiations, we find that bidders in stock mergers originate substantially more news stories after the start of merger negotiations, but before the public announcement. This strategy generates a short-lived run-up in bidders' stock prices during the period when the stock exchange ratio is determined, which substantially impacts the takeover price. Our results demonstrate that the timing and content of financial media coverage may be biased by firms seeking to manipulate their stock price.