Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Zur Bestimmung der wahren Größe eines Objektes auf dem Hintergrund des lebenden Auges

Die wahre Grö1. e eines Objektes auf dern Hintergrund des lebenden Auges läft sich nicht unmittelbar messen. Der Messung zuganglich ist nur die Winkelgröte, mit der das optische System des Auges das Objekt in den Aufenraum abbildet. Urn daraus die wahre Grö1e abzuleiten, bedarf es der Kenntnis aller Daten, die zur Abbildung beitragen, einschlieI? iich der Achsenlange und der Fundusform. Von diesen Daten sind zuverlässig rnefbar nutdie Krümmungsradien und die Dicke der Hornhaut, die Tiefe der Vorderkammer und allenfalls noch die Achseniänge. Der Messung nicht zuganglich sind die Daten der Linse und mit Emschränkungen die Fundusform. Auch wenn die fehienden Daten bekannt wären, verbliebe noch die Aufgabe, das Verhältnis vom wahren zurn Winkeldurchrnesser zu berechnen, was im Einzelfall narnentlich bei extrafoveal gelegenen Objekten eine aufwendige trigonometrische Durchrechnung erfordert. Hier soil nun eine Methode beschrieben werden, die es erlaubt, aus einer grafischen Darstellung das Verhältnis beider GröIen zu entnehmen. Dieses Verfahren liefert zwar nur eine Naherung; bei richtiger Mernethode und geeigneter Auswahi der Kurvenparameter dürfte es abet alien praktischen Anforderungen genügen. Auf die Grö1e der Fehier und die Anwendungsgrenzen der Methode wird noch näher einzugehen sein. Die Messung der Winkeldurchmesser Der Winkeldurchmesser wird zweckmal? igerweise einer Fundusfotografie entnommen, entweder unmitteibar durch eine Messung auf dern Originaifilrn oder durch eine Messung auf einem vergroerten Bud. Im Ietzteren Fail mu jedoch der Vergroerungsfaktor genau bekannt sein. Voraussetzung ist, da stets gleichen Winkeidurchrnessern auch gleiche Distanzen auf dem Film entsprechen, und zwar unabhängig von der Arnetropie des betreffenden Auges. Diese sehr wichtige Bedingung ist nur dann erfiillt, wenn die Funduskamera nach dem Prinzip des sogenannten telezentrischen Strahlenganges aufgebaut ist, wie zum Beispiel die vom Verfasser konzipierte Kamera (1). Bei dieser entspricht 1 mm auf dem Film einer Winkeldifferenz von 1,37°, und zwar in einem Ametropiebereich von —16 bis + 17 dpt. Abb. 1 Em Objekt auf dem Fundus mit dem wahren Durchmesser wrd in den Aullenraum mit der Winkeldifterenz A w1 abgebildet.
A Theory Based on Statistical State Dynamics for the Formation of Jets and Associated Density Layers in Stratified Turbulence

Stratified turbulence is characterized by strong anisotropy and a red energy spectrum. Moreover, in many cases the energetic large scales consist of coherent horizontal structures such as vertically sheared horizontal flows, also called stacked jets. Examples of such jets in stratified geophysical flows include the equatorial deep jets in the oceans and the quasi-biennial oscillation in the stratosphere. The mechanism responsible for the formation and maintenance of these jets in stratified turbulence is not fully understood. In this work, the formation and equilibration of coherent turbulent jets is studied using the stochastically excited two-dimensional Boussinesq system. By applying the methods of statistical state dynamics (SSD), we evolve the statistics of the turbulent state forward in time directly, as state variables, rather than obtain them by averaging over realizations of the system. SSD is implemented in the form referred to as S3T, in which the SSD is expressed as a coupled dynamics for the horizontal mean structure and the ensemble mean two-point covariance function of the perturbations from this mean state. The S3T system is shown to reproduce the statistical behaviour, through second order, observed in simulations of the nonlinear Boussinesq dynamics. In particular, S3T captures the spontaneous emergence of jets and density layers in externally-maintained homogeneous turbulence. Analysis of the S3T system is used to explain the jet formation mechanism, the scale selection of the jets, the nonlinear equilibration of the jets, and the dependence of the horizontal mean structure on the stochastic excitation strength.
Directed Acyclic Graph SVM with Decision Value History Smoothing

Data set V of the BCI competition is comprised of three tasks; that of imagination repetitive self-paced left and right hand movement and the generation of words beginning with the same random letter. In this submission we apply a Directed Acyclic Graph (DAG) SVM [Platt et al.2000] to this this problem. The DAG is built from three node where we only ever test two of the given nodes (i.e. the root and one of the children). We use the given three session with labels as a training, validation and testing set respectively. Using this we find that we obtain best results when using a Polynomial kernel of degree two. We the penalty parameter C by using the training and validation data sets. This is done by search for the configuration which produced the best result per node, rather then an over all C value for the entire DAG. During testing we use the previous two decision values with a slack, variable chosen heuristically, to allow for smoothing of the predicted results.
General Implicit Coupling Framework for Multi-Physics Problems

Wednesday, October 4th, 1:45pm, Green Earth Sciences Building, Room 365 Growth in the complexity of processes combined with increased computational power, has created the need for a general simulation framework applicable to different physical processes. The availability of a generalized framework can decrease the development cost of incorporating additional physical mechanics and exploring new formulations and solution methods. In addition, a general simulation framework would aid in the transition from the existing paradigm, in which a small number of process models are coupled together in a limited number of predefined combinations, to a new paradigm, where many different processes are coupled in arbitrary permutations. The flexibility of such a framework allows us to investigate new nonlinear coupling configurations across the different physical processes and improve our understanding of the coupled nature of involved processes. This would enable us to improve the performance and stability of coupled systems by finding new coupling configurations and more efficient solvers for a given physics. The goal of this work is the development and implementation of such a multi-physics reservoir simulation platform. Shale-gas/oil, Oil shale Enhanced Steam Injection CO2 storage in saline aquifers
Harnessing Bistable Structural Dynamics: For Vibration Control, Energy Harvesting and Sensing

This book formulates and consolidates a coherent understanding of how harnessing the dynamics of bistable structures may enhance the technical fields of vibration control, energy harvesting, and sensing. Theoretical rigor and practical experimental insights are provided in numerous case studies. The three fields have received significant research interest in recent years, particularly in regards to the advantageous exploitation of nonlinearities. Harnessing the dynamics of bistable structures--that is, systems with two configurations of static equilibria--is a popular subset of the recent efforts. This book provides a timely consolidation of the advancements that are relevant to a large body of active researchers and engineers in these areas of understanding and leveraging nonlinearities for engineering applications.
Toroidal excitations in free-space and metamaterials

Toroidal excitations represent an intriguing new concept in classical electrodynamics that is rapidly becoming increasingly important in the interpretation of light-matter interactions. This thesis reports on new manifestations of electromagnetic toroidal excitations, both localised in matter, and propagating through free-space. I have developed a set of new computational frameworks for evaluating the creation, propagation, and interaction of toroidal excitations. This framework shall form a key basis for the future study of toroidal excitations in free-space and matter. Key results of this framework are outlined below. I have developed a methodology for generating "focused doughnut" pulses from metasurface arrays of dipole resonators. Numerical simulations indicate the generated pulse from such an array would be a 93% match for an ideal "focused doughnut". The generation scheme has been tested and found to perform well under anticipated experimental bandwidth limitations. Generation of a continuous train of "focused doughnut" pulses from a frequency-comb-like excitation of the array has been demonstrated. I have, for the first time, investigated the interactions of "focused doughnut" pulses with continuous and particulate matter. I report on the peculiar field transformations that the "focused doughnut" pulse experiences under reflection at an interface, and the broadband modal excitation when incident on small particles. This includes the excitation of multiple, dominant toroidal dipolar resonances and dynamic anapole modes. I have demonstrated that toroidal excitations contribute to optical activity. Using a chiral metamaterial structure, I observed a new microscopic mechanism for circular dichroism, underpinned by the resonant excitation of the toroidal dipole and the electric quadrupole. This toroidal circular dichroism supplements the well-established mechanism involving electric dipole and magnetic dipole transitions. I have demonstrated the superior coupling of radially polarised vector beams to toroidal excitations in matter. The toroidal modes excited possess high quality factors of ∼ 124 and radiate with an almost exclusively dipolar radiation pattern.
A search for young stellar objects in MBM 12

by ADAM SCHNEIDER (Under the Direction of Loris Magnani) ABSTRACT This work addresses the current state of star formation within the high-latitude molecular cloud MBM 12. We use new Spitzer Space Telescope observations at 3.6, 4.5, 5.8, 8.0, 24, and 70 μm to find new candidate young stellar objects (YSOs). The candidates are identified by means of visual inspection of the image data, color – magnitude and color – color diagrams, and the shape of their spectral energy distributions. Comparisons to the known YSOs residing in this region are used to examine the cloud’s star formation history. With these techniques, we create a list of possible YSO candidates for further investigation.
A Novel Feature Selection with Annealing For Computer Vision And Big Data Learning

--------------------------------------------------------ABSTRACT----------------------------------------------------------Numerous PC vision and medical imaging issues a confronted with gaining from expansive scale datasets, with a huge number of perceptions furthermore, highlights.A novel productive learning plan that fixes a sparsity imperative by continuously expelling variables taking into account a measure and a timetable. The alluring actuality that the issue size continues dropping all through the cycles makes it especially reasonable for enormous information learning. Methodology applies nonexclusively to the advancement of any differentiable misfortune capacity, and discovers applications in relapse, order and positioning. The resultant calculations assemble variable screening into estimation and are amazingly easy to execute. It gives hypothetical assurances of joining and determination consistency. Investigates genuine and engineered information demonstrate that the proposed strategy contrasts exceptionally well and other cutting edge strategies in relapse, order and positioning while being computationally exceptionally effective and adaptable.
A perceptual and predictive batch-processing memory scheduling strategy for a CPU-GPU heterogeneous system

When multiple central processing unit (CPU) cores and integrated graphics processing units (GPUs) share off-chip main memory, CPU and GPU applications compete for the critical memory resource. This causes serious resource competition and has a negative impact on the overall performance of the system. We describe the competition for shared-memory resources in a CPU-GPU heterogeneous multi-core architecture, and a shared-memory request scheduling strategy based on perceptual and predictive batch-processing is proposed. By sensing the CPU and GPU memory request conditions in the request buffer, the proposed scheduling strategy estimates the GPU latency tolerance and reduces mutual interference between CPU and GPU by processing CPU or GPU memory requests in batches. According to the simulation results, the scheduling strategy improves CPU performance by 8.53% and reduces mutual interference by 10.38% with low hardware complexity.
Rational design of semiconductor metal oxide nanomaterials for gas sensing by template-assisted synthesis: a survey

Gas sensors have received extensive attention because of the gas pollution caused by rapid construction of urbanization and industrialization. Gas sensors based on semiconductor metal oxide (SMO) have the advantages of high response, excellent repeatability, stability, and cost-effectiveness, and have become extremely important components in the gas sensor field. Materials with regular structures and controllable morphology exhibit more consistent and repeatable performance. However, during the process of material synthesis, because of the uncontrollability of the microcosm, nanomaterials often show irregularities, unevenness, and other shortcomings. Thus, the synthesis of gas sensors with well-aligned one-dimensional (1D) structures, two-dimensional (2D) layered structures, and three-dimensional (3D) hierarchical structures has received extensive attention. To obtain regular structured nanomaterials with desired morphologies and dimensions, a template-assisted synthesis method with low cost and controllable process seems a very efficient strategy. In this review, we introduce the morphology and performance of SMO sensors with 1D, 2D, and 3D structures, discuss the impact of a variety of morphologies on gas sensor performance (response and stability), and shed new light on the synthesis of gas sensing materials with stable structure and excellent performance.
A new mesh relaxation approach and automatic time‐step control method for boundary integral simulations of a viscous drop

We present a numerical methodology for the simulation of a viscous drop under simple shear flows by using the boundary integral method. The present work treats only a single drop in an unbounded fluid‐flow, but the results can be directly applied to studies on the rheology of dilute emulsions, in which the hydrodynamic interactions between two or more drops can be neglected. Singular and non‐singular integral representations of the velocity field are considered. Several aspects of the method are presented, including a new mesh relaxation approach and an automatic time‐step control method. The relaxation strategy is used in order to contain the distortion of the mesh and is performed by using relaxation iterations in a virtual temporal march between each physical time step of the simulation and monitoring the standard deviation of the areas of the elements. The automatic time‐step control method uses a global quantity related to the drop deformation in order to automatically set the temporal integration time step. It is carried out in a way to keep the local integration error less than a given tolerance. This strategy reduces the computational cost of the simulation by dramatically reducing the number of time steps in the temporal integration process. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Analyzing the Behavior of Distribution of Data in the Feature Space of SVM with Gaussian Kernel

In this paper we analyze the behavior of feature data of the support vector machine with Gaussian kernel, and propose a method for searching the kernel parameter. The support vector machine transforms the input data in an (unknown) high dimensional feature space and the kernel technique is applied to calculate the inner-product of feature data. Although the distribution of data (i.e., data structure) is unknown in the feature space, it depends on the kernel parameter. In this paper, the distribution of data is characterized by the principle component analysis method. Thus, simple eigen analysis method is applied to the matrix of the same dimension as the kernel matrix to find the structure of feature data, and to find the kernel parameter accordingly. Therefore, we can quickly determine the kernel parameter.
2D or not 2D? The impact of nanoscale roughness and substrate interactions on the tribological properties of graphene and MoS2

The use of 2D nanomaterials for controlling friction and wear at interfaces has received increased attention over the past few years due to their unique structural, thermal, electrical and mechanical properties. These materials proffer potential critical solutions to challenges in boundary lubrication across numerous platforms ranging from engines, to biomedical implants and micro- and nano-scaled machines that will play a major role in the Internet of Things. There has been significant work on a range of 2D nanomaterials, such as graphene and molybdenum disulfide (MoS2). From these studies, their frictional properties have been shown to be highly dependent on numerous factors, such as substrate structure, strain, and competing chemical interactions between the interfaces in sliding contact. Moreover, when considering real contacts in machined interfaces, these surfaces are often composed of nanoscaled asperities, whose intermittent contact dominates the tribochemical processes that result in wear. In this review we aim to capture recent work on the tribological properties of graphene and MoS2 and to discuss the impacts of surface roughness (from the atomic scale to the nanoscale) and chemical interactions at interfaces on their frictional properties, and their use in designing advanced boundary lubrication schemes.
Cesiated surface H− ion source: optimization studies

The H− ion beam intensity required for high-energy and high-intensity proton accelerators is continuously increasing. The required 95%-beam transverse normalized root mean square emittance (ε95%rnmsx/y) of the beam is around 0.25 πmm mrad for all accelerators. The Japan Proton Accelerator Complex (J-PARC) 400 MeV linear accelerator (LINAC) succeeded in accelerating the world’s highest-class H− ion beam of 50 mA with a cesiated RF-driven H− ion source. This was achieved by increasing the beam brightness through the following measures: (1) 45°-tapered plasma electrode (PE) with a 16 mm thickness to increase beam intensity by 56%, (2) continuous-wave igniter plasma driven by 50 W 30 MHz RF to reduce hydrogen pressure in the plasma chamber (PCH) by 50% and beam loss in low-energy beam transport by 12%, compared with that by the commonly used 300 W 13.56 MHz RF, (3) axial magnetic-field correction around the PE beam aperture to increase beam intensity by a maximum of 15%, (4) operation at a low PE temperature (TPE) of about 70 °C to reduce ε95%nrmsx/y by 27%, (5) suitable beam apertures of the plasma and the extraction electrodes to increase beam intensity by a maximum of 7% and to reduce ε95%nrmsx/y by more than 4%, (6) argon/nitrogen elimination and 39% filter-field reduction to reduce ε95%nrmsx/y by 9% and the required 2 MHz RF power by around 30%, (7) eight-hours conditioning with a 50 kW 2 MHz RF and a 5% (1 ms × 50 Hz) duty factor to reduce ε95%nrmsx/y by 15%, and (8) slight water molecules (H2Os) feeding in hydrogen to avoid ε95%nrmsx/y increase by 72% and divergence angle expansion by 50%. In the studies, we investigated principally the 66 mA H− ion beams extracted from the source in order to achieve a 50 mA beam at the J-PARC LINAC exit regardless of the beam’s brightness. Consequently, the source can produce the required beam for a 60 mA J-PARC LINAC operation, since the world’s brightest-class beam with the ε95%nrmsx/y of 0.23 πmm mrad and beam intensity of 66 mA is successfully produced through the above measures.
Ultrathin extreme ultraviolet patterning stack using polymer brush as an adhesion promotion layer

Abstract. Initial readiness of extreme ultraviolet (EUV) patterning has been demonstrated at the 7-nm device node with the focus now shifting to driving the “effective” k1 factor and enabling the second generation of EUV patterning. In current EUV lithography, photoresist thicknesses <30 nm are required to meet resolution targets and mitigate pattern collapse. Etch budgets necessitate the reduction of underlayer thickness as well. Typical spin-on underlayers show high defectivity when reducing thickness to match thinner resist. Inorganic deposited underlayers are lower in defectivity and can potentially enable ultrathin EUV patterning stacks. However, poor resist-inorganic underlayer adhesion severely limits their use. Existing adhesion promotion techniques are found to be either ineffective or negatively affect the etch budget. Using a grafted polymer brush adhesion layer, we demonstrate an ultrathin EUV patterning stack comprised of inorganic underlayer, polymer brush, and resist. We show printing of sub-36-nm pitch features with a good lithography process window and low defectivity on various inorganic substrates, with significant improvement over existing adhesion promotion techniques. We systematically study the effect of brush composition, molecular weight, and deposition time/temperature to optimize grafting and adhesion. We also show process feasibility and extendibility through pattern transfer from the resist into typical back end stacks.
STUDIES ON ECHERICIA COLI ISOLATED FROM MASTITIC CATTLE AND COMPARATIVE REVEALANCE TO HUMAN.

A total of 50 clinical mastitic milk samples, 42 sub clinical mastitic milk samples ( positive with California Mastitis Test) and 40 hand swabs from contact human were collected from different dairy farms at Gharbia governorate and investigated bacteriologically to isolate Ecshericia coli . Among clinical mastitic samples a total of 5 isolates E. coli (10%) , from sub clinical mastitic samples 3 isolates (7.4%) were detected, while 3 isolates (7.5% ) were recovered from contact human hand swabs. E. coli isolates were serotyped under 6 different O serotypes (O 27 and O 55 ) isolated from contact human while (O 6 , O 86 , O 114 , O 27 and O 157 ) isolated from mastitic milk . Antibiotic sensitivity revealed that all isolates were fully susceptible to enerofloxacin, ciprofloxacin, while all isolates were fully resistant to penicillin. E. coli serogrouped isolates were subjected to PCR for detection of Stx 1 and Stx 2 genes. 3 out of 7 serogrouped isolates (42.85%) were carried Stx 2 gene (O55 and O27 from contact human and O86 from mastitic milk) while Stx 1 gene was not detected . phylogenetic analysis for the sequence data of the Sxt2 gene of E. coli serogroupes revealed that Sxt2 gene isolated from mastitic milk of cattle is closely identical (100% identity) to Sxt 2 gene isolated from contact human. In Conclusion , isolation of STEC from cattle might have potential pathogenicity for human. So that contact human should use sound hygienic measures during milking and management of these animals to avoid zoonotic infection.