Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Spreading the news: how can journalists gain more engagement for their tweets?

News media face many serious concerns as their distribution channels are gradually being taken over by third parties (e.g., people sharing news on Twitter and Facebook, and GoogleNews acting as a news aggregator). If traditional media is to survive at all, it needs to develop innovative strategies around these channels, to maximize audience engagement with the news they provide. In this paper, we focus on the issue of developing one such strategy for spreading news on Twitter. Using a corpus of 1M tweets from 200 journalist Twitter accounts and audience responses to these tweets, we develop predictive models to identify the features of both journalists and news tweets that impact audience attention. These analyses reveal that different combinations of features influence audience engagement differentially from one news category to the next (e.g., sport versus business). From these findings, we propose a set of guidelines for journalists, designed to maximize engagement with the news they tweet. Finally, we discuss how such analyses can inform innovative dissemination strategies in digital media.
La valoración del resultado modula la respuesta del cortisol a una tarea cooperativa de laboratorio en mujeres

Internal attribution of outcome moderates the cortisol response to a cooperative task in women. Several ethological reports have indicated that cooperative behaviors play an adaptive role. However, research has focused on competition in men, and there have been few studies on cooperation. This study aims to analyze the cortisol and psychological responses in women to a cooperative situation compared with a competitive situation in a laboratory context. The sample was distributed into four groups depending on the task and the outcome obtained: Positive cooperation, negative cooperation, competition with victory, and competition with defeat. Our results show that, in comparison with competition, cooperation produces different effects in cortisol, but not in psychological states. Nevertheless, these effects occur only when the task outcome and its appraisal are considered. Only the participants who cooperated and obtained a positive outcome and those who competed and lost showed significant decrements of cortisol. Internal attribution was higher in groups with more stable cortisol levels, suggesting a possible modulator effect of controllability in the way the situation was experienced. These results could be generalized to situations in which negotiation, mediation, and cooperative strategies are relevant for making decisions and/or solving problems.
Dietary Marine Fish Oils and Insulin Action in Type 2 Diabetes

Supplementation of omega-3 fish oils (n-3 FO) usually worsens the glycemic control in type 2 diabetic subjects. This may be a dose-related phenomenon and is reversed after discontinuation of the n-3 FO supplementation. An increase in the daily caloric intake, due to the fat content of n-3 FO supplements, and a consequent weight gain may contribute to the increase in hyperglycemia. Mechanisms of the increase in hyperglycemia include: (1) n-3 FO may interfere with insulin secretion from the pancreas, and this in turn can cause an increase in the hepatic glucose output and/or a decrease in the glucose uptake by the peripheral tissues; (2) n-3 FO may primarily decrease the sensitivity of liver to insulin action and consequently increase gluconeogenesis and/or glycogenolysis and/or decrease the glycogenesis; (3) n-3 FO may primarily affect the sensitivity of peripheral tissues to insulin, resulting in decreased glucose-uptake; (4) n-3 FO may increase the availability of gluconeogenic substrates by directly altering the partitioning of the metabolic fuels for different pathways in the liver. [formula: see text] Direct experimental testing of these possibilities has been difficult, because n-3 FO affects the carbohydrate metabolism differently in animal models than in humans. The available data suggest that n-3 FO inhibits insulin secretion in response to glucose load, mixed meal, and glucagon but not at the fasting state. Hepatic glucose output is increased. Sensitivity of the peripheral tissues to insulin is not changed. An encouraging observation is that the hyperglycemic effect of n-3 FO may decrease with time even when therapy is continued. Proper use of this treatment modality requires careful evaluation of the risk/benefit ratio for every individual patient.
Score tests for heterogeneity and overdispersion in zero‐inflated Poisson and binomial regression models

Hall (2000) has described zero‐inflated Poisson and binomial regression models that include random effects to account for excess zeros and additional sources of heterogeneity in the data. The authors of the present paper propose a general score test for the null hypothesis that variance components associated with these random effects are zero. For a zero‐inflated Poisson model with random intercept, the new test reduces to an alternative to the overdispersion test of Ridout, Demério & Hinde (2001). The authors also examine their general test in the special case of the zero‐inflated binomial model with random intercept and propose an overdispersion test in that context which is based on a beta‐binomial alternative.
State Indexed Policy Search by Dynamic Programming

We consider the reinforcement learning problem of simultaneous trajectory-following and obstacle avoidance by a radio-controlled car. A space-indexed non-stationary controller policy class is chosen that is linear in the features set, where the multiplier of each feature in each controller is learned using the policy search by dynamic programming algorithm. Under the control of the learned policies the radio-controlled car is shown to be capable of reliably following a predefined trajectory while avoiding point obstacles along its way.
Black Students and School Failure: Policies, Practices, and Prescriptions

Preface Introduction Prescriptive Ideologies Versus Descriptive Practices: The Societal and Institutional Contexts Cultural Synchronization Teacher Expectations Research on Teacher-Students Interactions: Effects of Student Race, Gender and Grade Level Appendix: Description of Methodology for Chapter 4 Effective Strategies for Committed Educators Implications for Training and Staff Development Conclusion: Changing Schools for Future Challenges References Index
Multiphoton spectroscopy of doubly excited, bound, and autoionizing states of strontium.

We present a theory attempting an interpretation of existing data on three- and four-photon ionization of Sr in the wavelength range 557-575 nm and at 532 nm. Two-photon resonances with bound excited states and three-photon resonances with doubly excited autoionizing states are studied. ac Stark shifts and broadening of resonances, as well as singlet-triplet transitions, are shown to yield interesting new information on atomic structure. The absorption of a fourth photon above the threshold leads to excited final ionic states, with autoionizing states having served as intermediate three-photon resonances. The calculation is based on a configuration-interaction scheme, with singlet-triplet mixing taken into account either through jl coupling or phenomenologically by adjustment to some aspects of the data. The apparatus of resonant multiphoton theory is combined with the above scheme. Depending on the quantity in question, the agreement between theory and experiment ranges from good to semiquantitative. (Less)
Women and the Superintendency: Perceptions of Gender Bias

This research explored how 15 female superintendents from a southwestern state experienced issues of gender bias. Participants came from a mix of urban, rural, and suburban districts that varied in size from 150 to 25,000 students. Using in-depth interviews and a transcendental phenomenological qualitative approach , the researchers examined how these women perceived that gender bias affected their accession to and work in the school superintendency. Three major themes emerged from their experiences: overcoming obstacles in the career path, the importance of mentoring, and surmounting gender-related stereotypes of leadership. The lack of female superintendents leading American public school districts highlights the question: What role does gender inequality play in this phenomenon? Historically, little attention has been given to the experiences and perceptions of women superintendents in the educational admin-However, an emerging body of research on women and educational administration examines the under representation of women in building and district leadership positions. A theme in this literature is associated with gender inequities or biases and stereotypes associated with women and leadership (Brunner, 2000; Young & McLeod, 2001). Attention to these issues is continually examined to gain more insight and explore factors to reduce these barriers. The purpose of this exploratory study was to discern how 15 women leaders in southwestern state school districts perceived gender bias affected their progress toward and work in the superintendency. Three key themes emerged from the data: overcoming obstacles in the career path, the importance of mentoring, and surmounting gender-related stereotypes of leadership.
Stability of l1 minimisation in compressed sensing

We discuss known results (c.f. [16, 6]) about stability of l1 minimisation (denoted ∆1) with respect to the measurement error and how those results depend on the measurement matrix Φ. Then we produce a large class of measurement matrices Φ for which we can apply results from [16] so we have estimate ‖∆1(Φ(x) + r) − x‖2 ≤ C(‖r‖2 + k−1/2σ1 k(x)). (1) We conclude with a modification of l1 minimisation which gives (1) for most random measurement matrices considered in compressed sensing literature. We also discuss stability of instance optimality in probability. 1 General description of compressed sensing Let us start by explaining the general setup of compressed sensing. Given N >> n we look for n × N a matrix Φ such that vector y = Φx ∈ R preserves information about x ∈ R . We need a decoder (generally nonlinear) ∆ : R → R such that ∆(Φx) looks like x. We require a k so ∆(Φx) = x for x any k-sparse vector. We want ∆ to be numerically friendly and k big. This leads to requiring that Φ has RIP(k, δ). Definition 1.1 ([3]) Matrix Φ has RIP(k, δ), 0 < δ < 1 if (1 − δ)‖x‖2 ≤ ‖Φx‖2 ≤ (1 + δ)‖x‖2 for every k sparse vector x ∈ R . The largest possible k is ∼ n/ log(N/n). All matrices which perform well for this maximal range of k are random. In this paper we consider only random matrices Φ(ω) = (φi,j(ω)) where φi,j ’s are independent, i.i. d. subgaussian random variables e.g. Gaussian, Bernoulli. We normalize E|φi,j |2 = 1/n so columns Φj of Φ have typically norm one. Let us call them standard matrices. Given 0 < δ < 1 standard Φ(ω) satisfies RIP(k, δ) for k = ⌊c1(δ)n/ log(N/n)⌋ with probability ≥ 1 − e−c2(δ)n where c1, c2 > 0. This is well known, see e.g [7, 3, 1, 11]. The important point is that RIP is not practically verifiable even for moderately large N and k. There are two main approaches to finding ∆ for the above matrices. One approach, introduced by (E. Candes, D.Donoho et. al. see e.g. [3, 7]) is l1 minimization ∆1 i.e. ∆1(y) = Argmin{‖z‖1 : Φ(z) = y}. (2) Another uses greedy algorithm. We start with an algorithm AL which for y ∈ R and vectors (Φj)j=1 gives a subset Λ ⊂ {1, . , N} with #Λ ≤ k and
Bioengineering and Biotechnology Perspective Article Plants as Model in Biomimetics and Biorobotics: New Perspectives

Especially in robotics, rarely plants have been considered as a model of inspiration for designing and developing new technology. This is probably due to their radically different operational principles compared to animals and the difficulty to study their movements and features. Owing to the sessile nature of their lifestyle, plants have evolved the capability to respond to a wide range of signals and efficiently adapt to changing environmental conditions. Plants in fact are able to show considerable plasticity in their morphology and physiology in response to variability within their environment. This results in movements that are characterized by energy efficiency and high density. Plant materials are optimized to reduce energy consumption during motion and these capabilities offer a plethora of solutions in the artificial world, exploiting approaches that are muscle-free and thus not necessarily animal-like. Plant roots then are excellent natural diggers, and their characteristics such as adaptive growth, low energy consumption movements, and the capability of penetrating soil at any angle are interesting from an engineering perspective. A few examples are described to lay the perspectives of plants in the artificial world. PLANTS AS MODELS IN THE ARTIFICIAL WORLD The study and the extraction of biological key principles, and their translation in design guidelines for a new generation of robots and technological solutions, have been widely adopted in biomimet-Robots that implement solutions inspired by nature show capabilities that permit adaptive, flexible interactions with unpredictable environments (Pfeifer et al., 2012; Kim et al., 2013). In the goal to mimic living beings, the different components of an artificial system have to be designed from models of the reference biological systems, in an integrated way, making explicit the general design principles underlying the embodiment. The next generation of robots will be " soft, " because this better allows the interaction with environment, mediated by body, as in natural systems (Tramacere et al., 2012). Advances in " soft technology " will lead to a quantum leap in intelligent robotics. " Soft Robotics " will express at different levels: in sensing (e.g. (Pfeifer and Bongard, 2007). Traditionally, the most studied models in biorobotics and soft robotics are animals, for a plethora of characteristics or for spe-plants have been considered a source of inspiration for robotics or, more in general, for innovative engineering solutions. This is probably due to their radically different operational principles compared to animals and the difficulty to study their movements and …
New therapeutic possibilities in primary invasive breast cancer.

OBJECTIVE Current therapy for small invasive breast cancer, particularly when discovered mammographically, was re-examined. Axillary dissection may be avoided when lymph node metastases incidence is low (< 10%) or when primary cancer features determine adjuvant therapy. Radiation therapy may be avoided when risk of recurrence is very low. SUMMARY BACKGROUND DATA Recent studies by the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results program (SEER) have shown increases in small invasive breast cancers (< 1 cm) attributable to mammographic screening. The incidence of axillary metastases in mammographically discovered small cancers (< 1 cm) may be less than 10%. Follow-up data from the Breast Cancer Detection Demonstration Project (BCDDP) indicate a disease-free survival rate exceeding 95% at 8 years if the cancer was discovered mammographically. METHODS Maximum diameter and lymph node metastases of invasive breast cancer diagnosed between 1969 and 1988 were analyzed and compared to cases diagnosed between 1929 and 1968. One hundred thirty patients have been treated without either axillary dissection or radiation therapy since 1980. RESULTS The mean and median diameters of invasive breast cancers decreased to 2.31 and 2.0 cm, respectively, between 1984 and 1988; 13% were less than 1 cm in diameter. Only 13% of patients had axillary metastases if the primary cancer was 1 cm or less in diameter in the last 10 years; 71% had only 1 or 2 nodes involved. Isolated local recurrence, total local recurrence, and distant metastases were unchanged when radiated and nonirradiated patients were compared. Axillary nodal recurrence was decreased in irradiated patients because the lower half of the axilla was treated. CONCLUSION In selected patients with very small invasive breast cancers detected by mammography, breast conservation without axillary dissection or radiation therapy may be used. Entirely outpatient treatment markedly reduces morbidity and cost, and furthers the gains from screening programs.
Lysosomal Degradation of α-Synuclein in Vivo*

Pathologic accumulation of α-synuclein is a feature of human parkinsonism and other neurodegenerative diseases. This accumulation may be counteracted by mechanisms of protein degradation that have been investigated in vitro but remain to be elucidated in animal models. In this study, lysosomal clearance of α-synuclein in vivo was indicated by the detection of α-synuclein in the lumen of lysosomes isolated from the mouse midbrain. When neuronal α-synuclein expression was enhanced as a result of toxic injury (i.e. treatment of mice with the herbicide paraquat) or transgenic protein overexpression, the intralysosomal content of α-synuclein was also significantly increased. This effect was paralleled by a marked elevation of the lysosome-associated membrane protein type 2A (LAMP-2A) and the lysosomal heat shock cognate protein of 70 kDa (hsc70), two essential components of chaperone-mediated autophagy (CMA). Immunofluorescence microscopy revealed an increase in punctate (lysosomal) LAMP-2A staining that co-localized with α-synuclein within nigral dopaminergic neurons of paraquat-treated and α-synuclein-overexpressing animals. The data provide in vivo evidence of lysosomal degradation of α-synuclein under normal conditions and, quite importantly, under conditions of enhanced protein burden. In the latter, increased lysosomal clearance of α-synuclein was mediated, at least in part, by CMA induction. It is conceivable that these neuronal mechanisms of protein clearance play an important role in neurodegenerative processes characterized by abnormal α-synuclein buildup.
ULK1·ATG13·FIP200 Complex Mediates mTOR Signaling and Is Essential for Autophagy*

Autophagy is a degradative process that recycles long-lived and faulty cellular components. It is linked to many diseases and is required for normal development. ULK1, a mammalian serine/threonine protein kinase, plays a key role in the initial stages of autophagy, though the exact molecular mechanism is unknown. Here we report identification of a novel protein complex containing ULK1 and two additional protein factors, FIP200 and ATG13, all of which are essential for starvation-induced autophagy. Both FIP200 and ATG13 are critical for correct localization of ULK1 to the pre-autophagosome and stability of ULK1 protein. Additionally, we demonstrate by using both cellular experiments and a de novo in vitro reconstituted reaction that FIP200 and ATG13 can enhance ULK1 kinase activity individually but both are required for maximal stimulation. Further, we show that ATG13 and ULK1 are phosphorylated by the mTOR pathway in a nutrient starvation-regulated manner, indicating that the ULK1·ATG13·FIP200 complex acts as a node for integrating incoming autophagy signals into autophagosome biogenesis.
An Extreme Low Power Galois Field Inversion Circuit

This paper describes a low power circuit to implement an inversion of an element in a Galois field. Low voltage, low current AND and XOR gates are designed and used as standard cells. The cells are put together in a parallel structure to increase inversion speed. The power consumption is less than 1% compared to the circuit implemented using conventional digital cells. Operation frequency is used to trade-off for power consumption. Inversion circuit for higher degrees in GF can be implemented with ease using these standard cells.
Men's and Women's Preferences in Marital Partners in the United States, Russia, and Japan

In this investigation, data on young, single adults' preferences in marital partners were gathered from three very diverse cultures: the United States, Russia, and Japan. Based on evolutionary, social learning, historical, and cross-cultural perspectives, the authors hypothesized that in all three cultures they would find certain traditional gender differences. Men would care more than women about physical attractiveness, whereas women would care more than men about status (e.g., intelligence; ambition; money, status, and position; potential for success) and personality attributes (e.g., kindness, understanding, expressiveness, openness). Women would be more "choosy" overall than would men. The authors also hypothesized thatpeople from the United States (a Western individualist culture) would expect more from their relationships than would those from Japan (an Eastern collectivist culture). Finally, the authors predicted that gender differences would be smallest in the United States and largest in Japan. They found strong support for all but the last of these hypotheses and found weak support for that one.
Robust adaptive pid tracking control design for uncertain spacecraft systems: a fuzzy approach

In this paper, a robust adaptive PID-type controller incorporating a fuzzy logic system and a sliding-mode control action for robust Hinfin tracking performance is developed in spacecraft attitude maneuvers under parameter uncertainties and external disturbances. The fuzzy logic system is used to compensate the parameter uncertainties. The robust adaptive PID-type tracking control problems are characterized in terms of eigenvalue problem (EVP). The EVP can be efficiently solved by the LMI toolbox in Matlab. The proposed methods are simple and the PID parameters can be obtained systematically. Simulation results indicate that the desired performance for the tracking control schemes of the uncertain spacecraft systems can be achieved using the proposed methods.
Spoken term detection for Turkish Broadcast News

In this paper, we present a baseline spoken term detection (STD) system for Turkish broadcast news. The agglutinative structure of Turkish causes a high out-of-vocabulary (OOV) rate and increases word error rate (WER) in automatic speech recognition. Several approaches are attempted to reduce this negative effect on the STD system. Sub-word units are used to handle the OOV queries and lattice-based indexing is used to obtain different operating points and handle high WER cases. A recently proposed method for setting term specific thresholds is also evaluated and extended to allow us to choose an operating point suitable for our needs. Best results are obtained by using a cascade of word and sub-word lattice indices with term-thresholding.
Please Scroll down for Article the Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology Section a Attentional Focus on Suprapostural Tasks Affects Balance Learning

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