Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
A MORPHOLOGICAL , HISTOLOGICAL STUDY OF PLACENTA IN NORMAL AND HYPERTENSIVE MOTHERS

The placenta is a unique organ, short lived by design. Its existence is essential for the survival of human embryo/foetus in the intra uterine environment. Pregnancy complications like hypertension (PIH) reflected in the placenta in a significant way both macroscopically and microscopically. The present study was carried out in 70 patients divided into two groups 50 normal, 20 cases of hypertensive. The placenta undergoes a variety of structural and functional changes as follows; placental weight, diameter and umbilical cord length were less in hypertensive placenta then normal placenta. In microscopic examination the hypertensive placenta showed increased syncytial knot & fibrinoid necrosis will lead to fetal distress syndrome due to hypoxia. Results: In 50% placentas Grade I increased syncytial knots were seen and 15% placentas showed Grade Il increased knots, 25% placentas showed decrease in syncytial knots, 10% placentas showed the syncytial knots comparable to those of normal placenta.The thinning of trophoblastic basement membrane was seen in 80% placentas and the basement membrane thickening was normal in 20% placentas. Crowding of villi and fibrin deposition was seen to be increased in 50% cases and 50% showed normal distribution.Thrombi deposition was significantly seen to be increased in 85% placentas.Thinning of the vessel wall was seen in 70% placentas. Conclusion: The mean weight, diameter of placenta& length of umbilical cord were low in hypertensive mother when compared to normotensive mother. On microscopic examination syncytial knot, fibrinoid necrosis, crowding of villi, thrombi & fibrin deposition of placenta were increased in hypertensive placenta when compared to normotensive placenta.Thinning of trophoblastic membrane & foetal vessel wall in hypertensive placenta.The above mentioned histo-morphological changes of placenta in hypertensive mothers leads to fetal distress syndrome due to hypoxia. Rama Univ. J. Med Sci 2016;2(1):26-32 Avinash chandra et.al. 27
Critical role for mitochondria in B cell receptor‐mediated apoptosis

Antigen‐induced apoptosis of B cells serves to deplete the immune repertoire of anti‐self specificities leading to central and peripheral B cell tolerance. However, the mechanism of B cell receptor (BCR)‐mediated apoptosis is widely unknown. By using the human Burkitt lymphoma cell line BL60 as a model system for human germinal center B cells we show here that BCR‐mediated apoptosis requires transcriptional activity but, in contrast to activation‐induced T cell apoptosis, is neither mediated via known death receptor systems nor does it involve initial activation of caspase‐8. Moreover, during BCR‐induced apoptosis cytochrome c release and mitochondrial permeability transition (PT) precedecaspase activation. Although caspase inhibition after BCR stimulation blocks cleavage of caspase substrates and DNA fragmentation it does not prevent mitochondrial PT, cytochrome c release and cell death. Thus, BCR‐mediated apoptosis is initiated by the caspase‐independent induction of mitochondrial PT resulting in release of cytochrome c and subsequent activation of caspase‐9, downstream caspases and apoptosis.
Reasoning under Uncertainty for Overlay Fault Diagnosis

The performance and reliability of overlay services rely on the underlying overlay network's ability to effectively diagnose and recover from faults such as link failures and overlay node outages. However, overlay networks bring to fault diagnosis new challenges such as large-scale deployment, inaccessible underlay network information, dynamic symptom-fault causality relationship, and multi-layer complexity. In this paper, we develop an evidential overlay fault diagnosis framework called DigOver to tackle these challenges. Firstly, DigOver identifies a set of potential faulty components based on shared end-user observed negative symptoms. Then, each potential faulty component is evaluated to quantify its fault likelihood and the corresponding evaluation uncertainty. Finally, DigOver dynamically constructs a plausible fault graph to locate the root causes of end-user observed negative symptoms. Both simulation and Internet experiments demonstrate that DigOver can effectively and accurately diagnose overlay faults based on end-user observed negative symptoms.
Azospirillum brasilense, a Beneficial Soil Bacterium: Isolation and Cultivation

Bacteria of the genus Azospirillum comprise 15 species to date, with A. brasilense the best studied species in the genus. Azospirillum are soil bacteria able to promote the growth of plants from 113 species spanning 35 botanical families. These non‐pathogenic and beneficial bacteria are ubiquitous in soils and inhabit the roots of diverse plants. These bacteria are microaerophilic, able to fix nitrogen under free‐living conditions, motile, and able to navigate in gradients of various chemicals, including oxygen. These physiological traits are used to isolate these soil bacteria from soil and plant root samples, providing isolates that can be used for studying microbial physiology and plant growth promotion. © 2017 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Toward a physiological understanding of human dexterity.

Dexterity, defined as the skillful manipulation of the hands, is now amenable to physiological investigation. Two topics are discussed here: grasping (i.e., hand-object coupling) and bimanual coordination. Dexterity depends on powerful, distributed neural networks and is particularly vulnerable to brain lesions. A knowledge of physiological mechanisms is needed to deal with these neurological problems.
Virtual Makeup: Foundation, Eye Shadow and Lipstick Simulation

Realistic makeup simulation can be used to create interactive virtual environments where users can try makeup products in a fast, low-cost and flexible way. Most existing makeup simulators are not appropriate for interactive applications because they don't allow the realistic application of specific products interactively or are based on fixed makeup styles that depend on the same pose and lighting conditions of predefined makeup templates. This paper introduces a new method for makeup simulation that receives a picture with a clean (no makeup) face, and decomposes the facial region into several frequency bands. Each band is processed individually to conceal or enhance facial texture and color features that can be affected by makeup. A specific makeup product is defined by a set of properties that change the texture and color features. To allow the interaction among several makeup products, the method uses a layered representation that can mimic the application of a sequence of products. We present a real-time implementation of the method that simulates the application of foundation, eye shadow and lipstick. The software was developed in C++ and can process one high resolution (1018×990) facial image in about 80 ms and one low resolution (640×480) in about 30ms.
Faunal notes on species of Bombus Latreille, 1802 (Hymenoptera: Apidae) from the Terskei Ala-Too mountain ridge in Eastern Kyrgyzstan

Twelve species of Bombus collected in Kyrgyzstan in 2012 are presented; six of them as new records for a site in Eastern Kyrgyzstan. Резюме. Приводится список 12 видов шмелей, собранных в Кыргызстане в 2012 году, из них 6 являются новыми находками для Кыргызстана.
Carbon Nanotube- and Graphene Based Devices, Circuits and Sensors for VLSI Design

With the reduction in power consumption and size chip, the electronic industry has been searching novel strategies to overcome these constraints with an optimal performance. Carbon nanotubes (CNTs) due to their extremely desirable electrical and thermal properties have been considered for their applicability in VLSI Design. CNTs are defined as sheets of graphene rolled up as hollow cylinders. They can basically be classified into two groups: single-walled (SWNTs) and multi-walled (MWNTs) as shown in Figure 1. SWNTs have one shell or wall and whose diameter ranging from 0.4 to 4 nm, while MWNTs contain several concentric shells and their diameter ranging from several nanometers to tens of nanometers.
Stratocumulus convection off the west coast of South America

STRATOCUMULUS CONVECTION OFF THE WEST COAST OF SOUTH AMERICA The stratocumulus regime off the South American coast is investigated using a horizontally inhomogeneous version of Lilly's (1968) cloud topped mixed layer model. This model is coupled with a longwave radiation model devised by Cox (1973) and Cox et al. (1976). Computed are the mixed layer temperature and moisture structure and convective fluxes as the marine layer air moves equatorward along trajectories calculated from the mean surface wind field. By the calculation of many such trajectories, two dimensional fields of the model parameters were derived for the region bounded by 75°W and lOOoW, and 2.5°S and 27.5°S. Model runs were made for mean July and August conditions, and sensitivity tests were performed to show the effects of solar absorption and different initial divergences. Variations in the mixed layer temperature and moisture structure, and convective fluxes are described for each of these experiments.
Elevation of CpG frequencies in influenza A genome attenuates pathogenicity but enhances host response to infection

Previously, we demonstrated that frequencies of CpG and UpA dinucleotides profoundly influence the replication ability of echovirus 7 (Tulloch et al., 2014). Here, we show that that influenza A virus (IAV) with maximised frequencies of these dinucleotides in segment 5 showed comparable attenuation in cell culture compared to unmodified virus and a permuted control (CDLR). Attenuation was also manifested in vivo, with 10-100 fold reduced viral loads in lungs of mice infected with 200PFU of CpG-high and UpA-high mutants. However, both induced powerful inflammatory cytokine and adaptive (T cell and neutralising antibody) responses disproportionate to their replication. CpG-high infected mice also showed markedly reduced clinical severity, minimal weight loss and reduced immmunopathology in lung, yet sterilising immunity to lethal dose WT challenge was achieved after low dose (20PFU) pre-immunisation with this mutant. Increasing CpG dinucleotide frequencies represents a generic and potentially highly effective method for generating safe, highly immunoreactive vaccines. DOI: http://dx.doi. org/10.7554/eLife.12735. 001
MOLTE: a Modular Optimal Learning Testing Environment

We address the relative paucity of empirical testing of learning algorithms (of any type) by introducing a new public-domain, Modular, Optimal Learning Testing Environment (MOLTE) for Bayesian ranking and selection problem, stochastic bandits or sequential experimental design problems. The Matlab-based simulator allows the comparison of a number of learning policies (represented as a series of .m modules) in the context of a wide range of problems (each represented in its own .m module) which makes it easy to add new algorithms and new test problems. State-of-the-art policies and various problem classes are provided in the package. The choice of problems and policies is guided through a spreadsheet-based interface. Different graphical metrics are included. MOLTE is designed to be compatible with parallel computing to scale up from local desktop to clusters and clouds. We offer MOLTE as an easy-to-use tool for the research community that will make it possible to perform much more comprehensive testing, spanning a broader selection of algorithms and test problems. We demonstrate the capabilities of MOLTE through a series of comparisons of policies on a starter library of test problems. We also address the problem of tuning and constructing priors that have been largely overlooked in optimal learning literature. We envision MOLTE as a modest spur to provide researchers an easy environment to study interesting questions involved in optimal learning.
A proposal for indexing bitemporal databases via cooperative B/sup +/-trees

We propose an indexing structure for bitemporal databases. Such structure is based on two trees, one indexing valid time and another indexing transaction time. The trees share pointers to the actual data records, which are thus not duplicated. Bitemporal queries are processed by dividing the query in two parts, a valid time part and a transaction time part. Each tree is searched according to these partial queries, and the answer is determined by the correct composition of the partial answers. We show how simple coordination of the tree searching, along with a simple assumption on the temporal data, improves query processing performance. The proposed structure also allows querying either time dimension, separately from the other one.
Chlamydia pneumoniae-Induced Macrophage Foam Cell Formation Is Mediated by Toll-Like Receptor 2

ABSTRACT Chlamydia pneumoniae induces macrophage foam cell formation, a hallmark of early atherosclerosis, in the presence of low-density lipoprotein (LDL). This study examined the role that Toll-like receptor 2 (TLR2) and TLR4 may play in pathogen-induced foam cell formation. Murine macrophage RAW 264.7 cells either infected with C. pneumoniae or treated with the TLR4 ligand E. coli lipopolysaccharide (LPS) or the TLR2 ligand Pam3-Cys-Ala-Gly-OH (Pam) became Oil Red O-stained foam cells and showed increased cholesteryl ester (CE) content when cocultured with LDL. In macrophages from TLR2−/− mice, foam cells were induced by Escherichia coli LPS but not by C. pneumoniae or Pam. Conversely, C. pneumoniae or Pam, but not E. coli LPS, induced foam cells in the TLR4-deficient GG2EE macrophage cell line, suggesting that C. pneumoniae elicits foam cell formation predominantly via TLR2. Enhancing cholesterol efflux using the liver X receptor (LXR) agonist GW3965 significantly decreased the CE content of cells exposed to each of the three TLR ligands (C. pneumoniae, Pam, and E. coli LPS). Overall, our results suggest that activation of the LXR signaling pathway may affect potentially atherogenic processes modulated by the TLR ligands.
NF-κ B and its relevance to arthritis and inflammation

In the synovial cells of patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA), activation of the NF-κB pathway results in the transactivation of a multitude of responsive genes that contribute to the inflammatory phenotype, including TNFα from macrophages, matrix metalloproteinases from synovial fibroblasts and chemokines that recruit immune cells to the inflamed pannus. This is largely a consequence of activation of the ‘canonical’ NF-κB pathway that involves heterodimers of p50/p65. Whilst much information on the role of NF-κB in inflammation has been gleaned from genetic deficiency of the respective genes in mice, important differences exist in the signalling networks between human and murine immune cells and immortalised cell lines. Despite these differences at the molecular level, the importance of NF-κB in inflammation is undisputed and inhibition of the pathway is widely believed to have great potential as a therapeutic target in RA. Commercial effort has gone into developing inhibitors of NF-κB activation. However, inhibition of the NF-κB activation can result in an exacerbation of inflammation if TNFα production by macrophages is not controlled. It will be important that such inhibitors are carefully monitored before their long term use in chronic inflammatory conditions such as RA.
A new method to solve robot inverse kinematics using Assur virtual chains

SUMMARY This paper describes a numerical algorithm to solve the inverse kinematics of parallel robots based on numerical integration. Inverse kinematics algorithms based on numerical integration involve the drift phenomena of the solution; as a consequence, errors are generated when the end-effector location differs from that desired. The proposed algorithm associates a novel method to describe the differential kinematics with a simple numerical integration method. The methodology is presented in this paper and its exponential stability is proved. A numerical example and a real application are presented to outline its advantages.
Pharmacokinetics, Metabolism, and Excretion of [14C]Axitinib, a Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor Receptor Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitor, in Humans

The disposition of a single oral dose of 5 mg (100 μCi) of [14C]axitinib was investigated in fasted healthy human subjects (N = 8). Axitinib was rapidly absorbed, with a median plasma Tmax of 2.2 hours and a geometric mean Cmax and half-life of 29.2 ng/ml and 10.6 hours, respectively. The plasma total radioactivity-time profile was similar to that of axitinib but the AUC was greater, suggesting the presence of metabolites. The major metabolites in human plasma (0–12 hours), identified as axitinib N-glucuronide (M7) and axitinib sulfoxide (M12), were pharmacologically inactive, and with axitinib comprised 50.4%, 16.2%, and 22.5% of the radioactivity, respectively. In excreta, the majority of radioactivity was recovered in most subjects by 48 hours postdose. The median radioactivity excreted in urine, feces, and total recovery was 22.7%, 37.0%, and 59.7%, respectively. The recovery from feces was variable across subjects (range, 2.5%–60.2%). The metabolites identified in urine were M5 (carboxylic acid), M12 (sulfoxide), M7 (N-glucuronide), M9 (sulfoxide/N-oxide), and M8a (methylhydroxy glucuronide), accounting for 5.7%, 3.5%, 2.6%, 1.7%, and 1.3% of the dose, respectively. The drug-related products identified in feces were unchanged axitinib, M14/15 (mono-oxidation/sulfone), M12a (epoxide), and an unidentified metabolite, comprising 12%, 5.7%, 5.1%, and 5.0% of the dose, respectively. The proposed mechanism to form M5 involved a carbon-carbon bond cleavage via M12a, followed by rearrangement to a ketone intermediate and subsequent Baeyer-Villiger rearrangement, possibly through a peroxide intermediate. In summary, the study characterized axitinib metabolites in circulation and primary elimination pathways of the drug, which were mainly oxidative in nature.
GeospatialRules: A Datalog+ RuleML Rulebase for Geospatial Reasoning

Representing and reasoning with qualitative geospatial relationships among regions is an important task in many geospatial applications. In this paper, we present a Datalog rulebase, GeospatialRules, which can be used for this task. The rulebase is built on top of the Region Connection Calculus (RCC). It includes rules, facts, and queries. The rules in GeospatialRules consist of a set of rules that are equivalent to the Datalog fragment of the RCC axioms and additional rules which express part of the RCC knowledge that are not captured by the Datalog fragment. The XML version of the rulebase complies to the Deliberation RuleML 1.01 standard, so that it allows the use of RuleML-compatible implementations for geospatial reasoning.
Models for mechanistic investigations of pacing arrthymogenesis and cardiac tissue structure

Two-dimensional in silico models have been constructed for investigating electrical dynamics arising due to pacing rates and tissue discontinuities. Discontinuities (structures) are introduced explicitly through flux discontinuities in the intracellular space. These models use isotropic electrophysiological properties with heterogeneity arising solely from tissue structure. Both simplified and tissue-specific structures can be used together with membrane models with varying restitution properties. Stimuli are delivered at increasing pacing rates, and solution restarts enable the investigation of repeat stimulation at any of the rates. Investigations using these models are providing new insights into mechanisms leading to conduction block and arrhythmogenesis in cardiac tissue.
The Cytoskeletal Protein Ndel1 Regulates Dynamin 2 GTPase Activity

Cytoskeleton dynamics, membranes trafficking and positioning are essential for the proper functioning of any mammalian cell. The identification of the molecules and mechanisms that allow these cellular processes to interface is vital for understanding cell behaviors. Ndel1, the mammalian homolog of the Aspergillus nidulans NudE, organizes the cytoskeleton and regulates molecular motors, thereby impacting on the positioning of membranes. Hypothetically, Ndel1 can act in concert with enzymes controlling membrane trafficking (vesicle-mediated transport) per se, but this idea has never been investigated. We now report that a pool of Ndel1 associates directly with Dynamin 2 (Dyn2), a large cytosolic GTPase involved in the trafficking of the AMPA receptor subunit GluR1. In vitro, Ndel1 enhances Dyn2 GTPase activity in its unassembled and assembled forms, without promoting oligomerization of the enzyme. In cells, gain and loss of function of Ndel1 recapitulate the effects of overexpression of Dyn2 and Dyn2 dominant negative with reduced GTPase activity on the intracellular localization of GluR1, respectively, without affecting the stability of microtubules. Together, these results indicate that Ndel1 regulates Dyn2 GTPase activity and impacts GluR1-containing membranes distribution in a manner reminiscent of Dyn2.
Is the 810-nm diode laser the best choice in oral soft tissue therapy?

Objective: To evaluate the safety and efficacy of an 810-nm diode laser for treatment of benign oral soft tissue lesions. Materials and Methods: Treatment with the 810-nm diode laser was applied to a group of eighteen patients with pathological frenulum and epulis fissuratum; five patients with oral lichen planus, oral leukoplakia, and mucous membrane pemphigoid; and four patients with pyogenic granuloma. Results: Although the conventional surgery wound heals in a fairly short time, in the present study, the simple oral soft tissue lesions healed within two weeks, the white and vesiculobullous lesions healed completely within six weeks, and the pyogenic granuloma lesions healed within four weeks. Any complication was treated by using the 810-nm diode laser. Conclusions: Patient acceptance and satisfaction, without compromising health and function, have been found to be of a high degree in this present study. Thus, we can say that the use of the 810-nm diode laser may indeed be the best choice in oral soft tissue surgery.
Using Bilingual Dependencies to Align Words in English/French Parallel Corpora

This paper describes a word and phrase alignment approach based on a dependency analysis of French/English parallel corpora, referred to as alignment by "syntax-based propagation. " Both corpora are analysed with a deep and robust dependency parser. Starting with an anchor pair consisting of two words that are translations of one another within aligned sentences, the alignment link is propagated to syntactically connected words.
Selection of Suitable Reference Genes for Normalization of Quantitative Real-Time PCR in Cartilage Tissue Injury and Repair in Rabbits

When studying the altered expression of genes associated with cartilage regeneration by quantitative real-time RT-PCR (RT-qPCR), reference genes with highly stable expression during different stages of chondrocyte developmental are necessary to normalize gene expression accurately. Until now, no reports evaluating expression changes of commonly used reference genes in rabbit articular cartilage have been published. In this study, defects were made in rabbit articular cartilage, with or without insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1) treatment, to create different chondrocyte living environments. The stability and intensity of the expressions of the candidate reference genes glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH), 18S Ribosomal RNA (18S rRNA), cyclophilin (CYP), hypoxanthine phosphoribosyl transferase (HPRT1), and β-2-microglobulin (B2M) were evaluated. The data were analyzed by geNorm and NormFinder. B2M and 18S rRNA were identified to be suitable reference genes for rabbit cartilage tissues.