Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Joint Attention and Vocabulary Development: A Critical Look

Joint attention - parents' and children's coordinated attention to each other and to a third object or event - is believed to play a causal and critical role in early word learning. However, joint attention, as conventionally defined and measured, relies only on overt indicators of attention, is studied predominantly in the visual modality, and varies by culture. Moreover, word learning can occur without joint attention in typical development, in autistic development, and in Williams syndrome, and joint attention can occur without commensurate word learning in Down syndrome. Thus, the assumption that joint attention is a necessary and sufficient precursor to vocabulary learning is not universally supported.
On energy-efficient semi-asynchronous MAC protocols for multi-hop ad-hoc networks

The instant deployment without relying on an existing infrastructure makes ad hoc network model a striking choice for many dynamic situations. It is therefore an important member of the vast array of technologies supporting urban networks. Many existing MAC protocols follow synchronous model that assumes that nodes in a network have a common clock while in fact it is very difficult to synchronize clocks among nodes in a large multi-hop network. Other MAC protocols may use asynchronous or semi-asynchronous model that either consume high energy or incur long synchronization delay. This work aims to provide a MAC that supports both high energy efficiency and short synchronization delay. We propose multi-hop semi-asynchronous MAC (MS-MAC), which uses a cross-layer approach to combine the improved power saving mode (IPSM) MAC with a dominating set-based hierarchical routing scheme. The proposed MS-MAC not only synchronizes clocks of nodes within the same cluster; but also guarantees that neighboring nodes belonging to two clusters can initiate data communication within one beacon interval. While evaluating with two comparable protocols, MS-MAC has achieved the highest energy efficiency while maintaining comparable throughput and network lifetime performances.
When safety is a matter of redundant information

People depend on a large amount of information in order to survive on a daily basis. They use peripheral cues as well as central information to stay in a safe and stable environment. More generally, people look for information redundancy consciously or unconsciously. In human-machine systems where information is constantly circulating among various kinds of agents, redundancy of information transfer is far from being the rule. Indeed, checklists have been developed and used to make sure that agents share the same information. But these checklists are seldom used. This paper presents a model of redundancy-demanding cognitive functions, i.e., anticipation, interaction and recovery. Safety management is defined as the process that a multi-agent system develops to return to its original safe state or to evolve towards another safe state. It is advocated that cognitive stability is strongly influenced by redundancy. Redundancy relies on extrinsic and intrinsic cognitive support. A first set of examples is given. a mathematician working for Bell phones, published the mathematical theory of communication in 1949. This theory enabled the measurement of information, and information redundancy in particular. The issue was to find the minimal information that insured appropriate understanding of transferred messages. Indeed, there is redundant information when the receiver of a message is able to understand its meaning without sensing the rest of the message. Shannon related information interest to its probability, i.e., the more improbable an information is, the more interesting it is. Unlike Shannon's goal to eliminate redundant information in order to increase communication productivity between Europe and the USA via a transatlantic cable, safety-critical systems requires redundant information. Signs that appear to be superfluous in the understanding of a message are said to be redundant. The following sentence is plural-redundant (three times): " Dolphins are good swimmers ". If by mistake you drop an " s " then the reader will still understand that the sentence is plural. By repeating a word, we increase the effect of this word such as: " This is very very good! " If you delete one of the " very " then the sentence will still emphasize the same kind of idea. Similarly, the space shuttle has five computers, three inertial systems and two independent systems that compute its position according to the stars. If one of the computer/system fails the other(s) will still manage to keep the shuttle working. Human beings have their own redundancy in …
Breakfast consumption and physical activity in British adolescents

Studies show an inverse relationship between breakfast frequency and weight gain. This may reflect poor eating habits generally and associated low physical activity (PA) or direct impacts of breakfast on mechanisms leading to lethargy and reduced PA. The relationship between breakfast frequency and PA is inconclusive. We aimed to determine whether breakfast frequency is associated with PA levels in British adolescents independent of body composition and socio-economic status (SES). Habitual breakfast frequency (self-report questionnaire) was assessed in 877 adolescents (43 % male, age 14·5 (sd 0·5) years old). PA was measured over 5 d (accelerometry, average counts/min; cpm). Associations between daily PA and breakfast frequency were assessed using linear regression adjusted for body fat percentage and SES. Effect modification by sex and associations with PA during the morning (06.00–12.00 hours) were explored. For boys, there were no significant associations between breakfast frequency and PA. For girls, less frequent breakfast consumption was significantly associated with lower PA (cpm) during the morning (occasional v. frequent β − 6·1 (95 % CI − 11·1, − 1·1), P = 0·017) when adjusted for body fat percentage and SES. There were no associations between PA and breakfast consumption over the whole day; however, for girls, less frequent breakfast consumption may be associated with lower PA levels during the morning, suggesting that breakfast consumption should perhaps be taken into consideration when aiming to promote PA in adolescent girls.
Behavior control of the mobile robot for accompanying in front of a human

Different behaviors for the companion robot have already been extensively studied in the field of human-robot interaction. However, the accompanying “in front of the leader” behavior presented on this paper is a useful and challenging behavior that has been overlooked by existing works. In this paper we explain the motivation behind this study and propose control strategy to implement this behavior.
An Integrated curvature and Convex Hull based concave point detection in Histopathological images

We propose a simple approach to identify concave points in Histopathological Images. Identification of all valid concave points play an important role in separating irregular shaped cells forming clumps in the Histopathological images. There exists several studies for accurate identification of concave points. Our experimental analysis reveal that existing methods fail to identify both deep, and shallow concave points. In this paper we propose an integrated curvature and convex hull based concave points detection in Histopathological images. The proposed method performed well when compared to the existing methods.
Cyclin A1 Is Expressed in Mouse Ovary

Cyclin A1 belongs to the type-A cyclins and participates in cell cycle regulation. Since its discovery, cyclin A1 has been shown mostly in testis. It plays important roles in spermatogenesis. However, there were also reports on ovary expression of cyclin A1. Therefore, we intended to revisit the expression of cyclin A1 in mouse ovary. Our study showed that cyclin A1 was expressed at the mRNA level and the protein level in mouse ovary. Tissue staining revealed that cyclin A1 was expressed in maturating oocytes. With the recent data on the functions of cyclins in somatic and stem cells, we also discussed the possibilities of further studies of cyclin A1 in mouse oocytes and perhaps in the oogonial stem cells. Our findings not only add to the supportive evidence of cyclin A1 expression in oocytes, but also may promote more interest in exploring cyclin A1 functions in ovary.
Triacylglycerol-rich lipophorins are found in the dipteran infraorder Culicomorpha, not just in mosquitoes

Abstract Lipophorin is the major hemolymph protein responsible for lipid transport between tissues of insects. Lipophorins from several insect species in order Diptera (the fruit fly Drosophila melanogaster from the suborder Brachycera, the mosquito Aedes aegypti; the phantom midges Chaoborus maximus and minimus; the black fly Simulium vittatum; the crane fly Nephrotoma abbreviata, all from the suborder Nematocera) were isolated and characterized. All lipophorins consisted of two protein subunits of approximately 240 and 75 kDa each. The density of each lipophorin was in the high-density lipoprotein range (1.112 to 1.128 g/ml). The predominant neutral lipid carried by lipophorin from insects belonging to the infraorder Culicomorpha was triacylglycerol. Lipophorin from the crane fly Nephrotoma abbreviata, which belongs to the infraorder Tipulomorpha, carried approximately equivalent amounts of diacylglycerol and triacylglycerol. Lipophorin from D. melanogaster was found to carry diacylglycerol as the predominant neutral lipid.
Human Obesity: Its Hormonal Basis and the Role of Gastric Inhibitory Polypeptide

Obesity is an abnormal expansion of the adipose organ and is a pathophysiological response to an imbalance between energy intake and energy expenditure. It is the result of a large number of diverse factors involving heritable and environmental characteristics. A simple definition of obesity is difficult and unsatisfactory and its age dependency has largely been ignored. Differentiation between healthy, age-related plumpness and obesity is often blurred and responsible for overdiagnosis of obesity in the developed world. In the past, epidemiological studies have often ignored the different prognostic significance of the two major phenotypes of human obesity making their conclusions of limited value. The role of heritable factors in determining both the propensity to develop obesity under favourable environmental conditions, including inactivity and unlimited access to fat-rich foods, and the phenotype it assumes received an enormous fillip from experiments involving genetically modified animals. The most important of these have demonstrated the key role played by a number of newly discovered or recently resurrected polypeptide hormones that are released from the intestine in response to food. Molecular manipulation of these hormones, especially of glucose-dependent insulin-stimulatory polypeptide offers a new therapeutic approach.
Regulation of reactive oxygen species-mediated abscisic acid signaling in guard cells and drought tolerance by glutathione

The phytohormone abscisic acid (ABA) induces stomatal closure in response to drought stress, leading to reduction of transpirational water loss. A thiol tripeptide glutathione (GSH) is an important regulator of cellular redox homeostasis in plants. Although it has been shown that cellular redox state of guard cells controls ABA-mediated stomatal closure, roles of GSH in guard cell ABA signaling were largely unknown. Recently we demonstrated that GSH functions as a negative regulator of ABA signaling in guard cells. In this study we performed more detailed analyses to reveal how GSH regulates guard cell ABA signaling using the GSH-deficient Arabidopsis mutant cad2-1. The cad2-1 mutant exhibited reduced water loss from rosette leaves. Whole-cell current recording using patch clamp technique revealed that the cad2-1 mutation did not affect ABA regulation of S-type anion channels. We found enhanced activation of Ca2+ permeable channels by hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) in cad2-1 guard cells. The cad2-1 mutant showed enhanced H2O2-induced stomatal closure and significant increase of ROS accumulation in whole leaves in response to ABA. Our findings provide a new understanding of guard cell ABA signaling and a new strategy to improve plant drought tolerance.
Sintesis dan Karakterisasi Silicon Carbide (SiC) dari Sekam Padi Menggunakan Metode Reduksi Magnesiotermik

Silicon Carbide (SiC) merupakan material keramik non-oksida yang memiliki tingkat kekerasan, titik leleh, dan konduktivitas termal yang tinggi. SiC dapat disintesis menggunakan prekursor silika (SiO2) dan karbon (C) dengan memanfaatkan SiO2 sebagai sumber silikon (Si). SiC telah disintesis dari sekam padimenggunakan prekursor SiO2 dan C dengan metode reduksi magnesiotermik. Sintesis SiC dilakukan dengan mencampurkan SiO2 dan C pada perbandingan rasio 1:3, kemudian diberi penambahan magnesium (Mg) dengan variasi massa dari 1,0 g, 1,5 g, dan 2,0 g. Selanjutnya, semua sampel dipanaskan dalam furnace pada temperatur 600 C selama 3 jam. Fase terbentuknya SiC diindikasikan dengan warna fisik pada setiap sampel yang berubah dari abu-abu menjadi putih kehijauan. Selanjutnya serbuk SiC dikarakterisasi menggunakan fourier transform infrared (FTIR) untuk mengetahui gugus fungsi dan X-Ray Diffractometer (XRD) untuk mengetahui derajat kristalinitas, sudut difraksi 2 , dan jarak antar kisi (d). Hasil karakterisasi FTIR menunjukkan adanya ikatan Si–C pada bilangan gelombang 786,89 – 941,19 cm-1. SiC yang diperoleh pada semua sampel memiliki struktur kubik (β-phase) atau dapat disebut β–SiC dengan karakteristik dhkl (111) dan parameter kisi pada kisaran 0,43 nm berdasarkan analisa menggunakan XRD. Penambahan 1 g Mg menghasilkan SiC yang terbaik dengan puncak intensitas difraksi 54 a.u pada sudut 36,04 . Semakin tinggi penambahan Mg pada proses sintesis menyebabkan penurunan intensitas, derajat kristalinitas, dan memperbesar ukuran kristal β–SiC. β–SiC yang disintesis dari sekam padi dengan temperatur rendah ini dapat diaplikasikan sebagai material keramik. Namun, diperlukan karakterisasi lebih lanjut menggunakan thermogravimetrical analysis (TGA) untuk mengetahui titik leleh serbuk SiC.
Kinetic analysis of 3'-deoxy-3'-fluorothymidine PET studies: validation studies in patients with lung cancer.

UNLABELLED Assessing cellular proliferation provides a direct method to measure the in vivo growth of cancer. We evaluated the application of a model of 3'-deoxy-3'-(18)F-fluorothymidine ((18)F-FLT) kinetics described in a companion report to the analysis of FLT PET image data in lung cancer patients. Compartmental model analysis was performed to estimate the overall flux constants (K(FLT)) for FLT phosphorylation in tumor, bone marrow, and muscle. Estimates of flux were compared with an in vitro assay of proliferation (Ki-67) applied to tissue derived from surgical resection. Compartmental modeling results were compared with simple model-independent methods of estimating FLT uptake. METHODS Seventeen patients with 18 tumor sites underwent up to 2 h of dynamic PET with blood sampling. Metabolite analysis of plasma samples corrected the total blood activity for labeled metabolites and provided the FLT model input function. A 2-compartment, 4-parameter model (4P) was tested and compared with a 2-compartment, 3-parameter (3P) model for estimating K(FLT). RESULTS Bone marrow, a proliferative normal tissue, had the highest values of K(FLT), whereas muscle, a nonproliferating tissue, showed the lowest values. The K(FLT) for tumors estimated by compartmental analysis had a fair correlation with estimates by modified graphical analysis (r = 0.86) and a poorer correlation with the average standardized uptake value (r = 0.62) in tumor. Estimates of K(FLT) derived from 60 min of dynamic PET data using the 3P model underestimated K(FLT) compared with 90 or 120 min of dynamic data analyzed using the 4P model. Comparison of flux estimates with an independent measure of cellular proliferation showed that K(FLT) was highly correlated with Ki-67 (Spearman rho = 0.92, P < 0.001). Ignoring the metabolites of FLT in blood underestimated K(FLT) by as much as 47%. CONCLUSION Compartmental analysis of FLT PET image data yielded robust estimates of K(FLT) that correlated with in vitro measures of tumor proliferation. This method can be applied generally to other imaging studies of different cancers after validation of parameter error. Tumor loss of phosphorylated FLT nucleotides (k(4)) is notable and leads to errors when FLT uptake is evaluated using model-independent approaches that ignore k(4), such as graphical analysis or the SUV.
Domain Adaptation under Target and Conditional Shift S1. Classification and Regression Machines Used in This Paper

Supplement to " Domain Adaptation under Target and Conditional Shift " This supplementary material provides the proofs and some details which are omitted in the submitted paper. The equation numbers in this material are consistent with those in the paper. In this paper we consider both the classification and regression problems. For the former problem, we adopt the support vector classification, and for the latter we use the penalized kernel ridge regression. All parameters in the learning machines (e.g., the kernel width and regularization parameter) are selected by cross-validation. Reweighted support vector classification: Support vector classifiers can be extended to incorporate non-uniform importance weights of the training instances. Associated with each training instance is the importance weight β * (y i)γ * (x i , y i), which can be incorporated into (1) via the following minimization problem: minimize θ,b,ξ
Tailoring graph-coloring register allocation for runtime compilation

Just-in-time compilers are invoked during application execution and therefore need to ensure fast compilation times. Consequently, runtime compiler designers are averse to implementing compile-time intensive optimization algorithms. Instead, they tend to select faster but less effective transformations. In this paper, we explore this trade-off for an important optimization - global register allocation. We present a graph-coloring register allocator that has been redesigned for runtime compilation. Compared to Chaitin-Briggs (1994), a standard graph-coloring technique, the reformulated algorithm requires considerably less allocation time and produces allocations that are only marginally worse than those of Chaitin-Briggs. Our experimental results indicate that the allocator performs better than the linear-scan and Chaitin-Briggs allocators on most benchmarks in a runtime compilation environment. By increasing allocation efficiency and preserving optimization quality, the presented algorithm increases the suitability and profitability of a graph-coloring register allocation strategy for a runtime compiler.
Circuit size relative to pseudorandom oracles

Deterministic and nondeterministic circuit-size complexities are compared to deterministic and nondeterministic time complexities in the presence of pseudorandom oracles. Certain separations are shown to hold relative to every pspace-random oracle A, and relative to almost every oracle A in ESPACE. In fact, these separations are shown to hold for almost every n. Since a randomly selected oracle is pspace-random with probability one, the separations immediately imply the corresponding random oracle separations, thus improving results of C.H. Bennett (1981) and J. Gill (1975) and answering open questions of C.B. Wilson (1985). <<ETX>>
Indications and Overuse of Computed Tomography in Minor Head Trauma

Background: Computed Tomography (CT) is a useful diagnostic technology, particularly in accident and emergency departments. Objectives: To identify a comprehensive list of indications for application of CT in patients with minor head trauma (MHT) and to determine appropriateness of its use on the basis of this list. Materials and Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted in three Imaging centers in Tehran. A panel of experts developed a list of CT indications for MHT by reviewing documents. A pre-structured checklist was designed and incorporated into a structured form. Four hundred consecutive patients referring to three imaging centers for performing CT due to MHT completed the questionnaire. Results: Of 400 patients who underwent CT after MHT, 187 (46.8%) patients had Glasgow coma scale (GCS) score of 13 or 14 at two hours post-trauma and 37 (19.8%) of these patients did not have any indication of imaging. In addition, 213 (53.2%) patients had GCS score of 15 out of which 110 (51.6%) patients did not have any indication of imaging. Patients with a GCS score of 15 had a noticeably lower proportion of abnormal CT results in comparison to patients with a GCS score of 13 or 14, (odds ratio, 19.07; 95% confidence interval, 6.74-54.00; and P < 0.001). There was a statistically significant association between abnormal CT results and the presence of indications including vomiting, dangerous mechanism of injury, visible signs of trauma above the clavicles, signs of skull base fracture, and suspected skull fracture (P < 0.001). Conclusions: On average, about 37% of the patients with MHT referring to the emergency departments had no indication of CT and approximately 86.5% of CT results were normal. Improving this situation can result in a significant saving in health care costs.
Memory efficacious pattern matching intrusion detection system

In today's web-enabled world, the communications happening over the network is intensifying at a capacious rate. Not all communications are credible and malpractice can arise anywhere, anytime. If the normal traffic is slightly modified to delude the intrusion detection system, then the traditional systems might not be able to discern the same effectively. Thus, a system that could detect and ferret out the novel attacks has been proposed. Since any number of users can use a web page, maintaining the availability of the resources and allocating them to the active users as per their need is very essential. The multi-thread concept is used to share the resources that each client can use. Attribute Selection Algorithm is used as the feature extraction algorithm in weka, to yield those relevant features pertaining to the user's request and helps in achieving a more accurate result. Memory efficiency is brought in with the cascading binary search tree. The patterns are efficiently stored and hence the search for the presence of an attack is accomplished effectively. An Intrusion Detection System which is memory efficient and effective enough in detecting attacks and reducing the false positives is thus proposed.
Conducta prosocial: el papel de la cultura, la familia, la escuela y la personalidad

En este artículo-comentario primero se enfatizan los puntos fuertes del ARTÍCULO OBJETIVO (Mestre, 2014), identificando los resultados más relevantes y sus aportaciones más significativas. Posteriormente, teniendo en cuenta las conclusiones del estudio de Mestre (2014), se realiza una reflexión acerca de los factores que determinan la conducta social. Para ello se revisan numerosas investigaciones que evidencian que el desarrollo de la conducta prosocial es un asunto complejo que depende de multitud de factores interrelacionados: biología, cultura, familia, escuela, rasgos de personalidad, entre otros. El análisis de las distintas influencias permite afirmar que la conducta prosocial está mediada o determinada por numerosos factores situacionales y de personalidad, no obstante, las conclusiones de los estudios que evalúan los efectos de programas de entrenamiento de la prosocialidad confirman la eficacia de las intervenciones dirigidas a potenciar este tipo de conducta. Finalmente, tal como se enfatiza en el artículoobjetivo, el segundo contexto más potente de educación es la escuela, y un bajo nivel de victimización ha resultado ser predictor de conducta prosocial. Por esta razón se identifican algunos programas de intervención que fomentan el desarrollo socioemocional (conducta prosocial, empatía, etcétera) e inhiben la conducta violenta.