Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
A portable dielectric-property determination system using coupled antennas

This paper presents a dielectric-property determination system that measures magnitude of reflection and coupling coefficients of coupled antennas. They are plotted on a epsivr' epsivr" plane, and the intersection of these two quantities provides the value of epsivr' and epsivr". Measurement results of paddy validate the effectiveness of the proposed technique. The system provides accurate results. The error from the results of proposed system differs from the use of network analyzer of less than 4%.
Pituitary Adenylate Cyclase-Activating Polypeptide Causes Tyrosine Phosphorylation of the Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor in Lung Cancer Cells

Pituitary adenylate cyclase-activating polypeptide (PACAP) is an autocrine growth factor for some lung cancer cells. The activated PACAP receptor (PAC1) causes phosphatidylinositol turnover, elevates cAMP, and increases the proliferation of lung cancer cells. PAC1 and epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) are present in non–small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) cells, and the growth of NSCLC cells is inhibited by the PAC1 antagonist PACAP(6–38) and the EGFR tyrosine kinase inhibitor gefitinib. Here, the ability of PACAP to transactivate the EGFR was investigated. Western blot analysis indicated that the addition of PACAP but not the structurally related vasoactive intestinal peptide increased EGFR tyrosine phosphorylation in NCI-H838 or H345 cells. PACAP-27, in a concentration-dependent manner, increased EGFR transactivation 4-fold 2 min after addition to NCI-H838 cells. The ability of 100 nM PACAP-27 to increase EGFR or extracellular signal-regulated kinase tyrosine phosphorylation in NCI-H838 cells was inhibited by PACAP(6–38), gefitinib, 4-amino-5-(4-chlorophenyl)-7-(dimethylethyl)pyrazolo[3,4-d]pyrimidine (PP2; Src inhibitor), (R)-N4-hydroxy-N1-[(S)-2-(1H-indol-3-yl)-1-methylcarbamoyl-ethyl]-2-isobutyl-succinamide (GM6001; matrix metalloprotease inhibitor), or antibody to transforming growth factor α (TGFα). By enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, PACAP addition to NCI-H838 cells increased TGFα secretion into conditioned media. EGFR transactivation caused by the addition of PACAP to NCI-H838 cells was inhibited by N-acetyl-cysteine (antioxidant), tiron (superoxide scavenger), diphenylene iodonium (NADPH oxidase inhibitor), or 1-[6-[[(17β)-3-methoxyestra-1,3,5(10)-trien-17-yl]amino]hexyl]-1H-pyrrole-2,5-dione (U73122; phospholipase C inhibitor), but not N-[2-[[3-(4-bromophenyl)-2-propenyl]amino]ethyl]-5-isoquinolinesulfonamide (H89; protein kinase A inhibitor). PACAP addition to NCI-H838 cells significantly increased reactive oxygen species, and the increase was inhibited by tiron. The results indicate that PACAP causes transactivation of the EGFR in NSCLC cells in an oxygen-dependent manner that involves phospholipase C but not protein kinase A.
Motion Event Similarity Judgments in One or Two Languages: An Exploration of Monolingual Speakers of English and Chinese vs. L2 Learners of English

Languages differ systematically in how to encode a motion event. English characteristically expresses manner in verb root and path in verb particle; in Chinese, varied aspects of motion, such as manner, path and cause, can be simultaneously encoded in a verb compound. This study investigates whether typological differences, as such, influence how first and second language learners conceptualize motion events, as suggested by behavioral evidences. Specifically, the performance of Chinese learners of English, at three proficiencies, was compared to that of two groups of monolingual speakers in a triads matching task. The first set of analyses regarding categorisation preferences indicates that participants across groups preferred the path-matched (rather than manner-matched) screens. However, the second set of analyses regarding reaction time suggests, firstly, that English monolingual speakers reacted significantly more quickly in selecting the manner-matched scenes compared with monolingual speakers of Chinese, who tended to use an approximately equal amount of time in making manner- and path-matched decisions, a finding that can arguably be mapped onto the typological difference between the two languages. Secondly, the pattern of response latency in low-level L2 learners looked more like that of monolingual speakers of Chinese. Only at intermediate and advanced levels of acquisition did the behavioral pattern of L2 learners become target-like, thus suggesting language-specific constraints from the L1 at an early stage of acquisition. Overall, our results suggest that motion event cognition may be linked to, among other things, the linguistic structure of motion description in particular languages.
Variable tidal volumes improve lung protective ventilation strategies in experimental lung injury.

RATIONALE Noisy ventilation with variable Vt may improve respiratory function in acute lung injury. OBJECTIVES To determine the impact of noisy ventilation on respiratory function and its biological effects on lung parenchyma compared with conventional protective mechanical ventilation strategies. METHODS In a porcine surfactant depletion model of lung injury, we randomly combined noisy ventilation with the ARDS Network protocol or the open lung approach (n = 9 per group). MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS Respiratory mechanics, gas exchange, and distribution of pulmonary blood flow were measured at intervals over a 6-hour period. Postmortem, lung tissue was analyzed to determine histological damage, mechanical stress, and inflammation. We found that, at comparable minute ventilation, noisy ventilation (1) improved arterial oxygenation and reduced mean inspiratory peak airway pressure and elastance of the respiratory system compared with the ARDS Network protocol and the open lung approach, (2) redistributed pulmonary blood flow to caudal zones compared with the ARDS Network protocol and to peripheral ones compared with the open lung approach, (3) reduced histological damage in comparison to both protective ventilation strategies, and (4) did not increase lung inflammation or mechanical stress. CONCLUSIONS Noisy ventilation with variable Vt and fixed respiratory frequency improves respiratory function and reduces histological damage compared with standard protective ventilation strategies.
Socialization and situational influences on sustained altruism.

In this conceptual replication and extension of Rosenhan's study of civil rights activists, the sustained altruism (i.e., help that extends over time) of volunteers at a telephone crisis-counseling agency was examined. Using a prospective format, it was predicted that volunteers with a socialization history of exposure to nurturant parents who modeled altruism (autonomous altruists) would exhibit a greater degree of sustained altruism than those with a history of less nurturant parents who modeled altruism to a lesser degree (normative altruists). The altruism of the normative volunteers, however, was expected to increase given certain situational conditions (here, participation in a highly cohesive training group prior to the actual volunteer activity). As predicted, the rate of sustained altruism of normative volunteers in highly cohesive groups was increased to a level comparable to that of autonomous volunteers, while the altruism of autonomous volunteers was not affected by the training group experience. The implications of these findings for research on altruism and its development, as well as some applications to volunteerism, are discussed.
Semantics and Expressive Power of Nondeterministic Constructs in Deductive Databases

Nondeterministic extensions are needed in logic-based languages, such as first-order relational languages and Datalog, to enhance their expressive power and support the efficient formulation of low-complexity problems and database queries. In this paper, we study the semantics and expressive power of the various nondeterministic constructs proposed in the past, including various versions of the choice operator and the witness operator. The paper develops a model-theoretic semantics, a fixpoint semantics, and an operational semantics for these constructs, and characterizes their power of expressing deterministic and nondeterministic queries. The paper presents various soundness and completeness results and establishes an expressiveness hierarchy that correlates the various operators with each other and with other constructs such as negation and fixpoint.
Visualization and Manipulation of Neural Activity in the Developing Vertebrate Nervous System

Neural activity during vertebrate development has been unambiguously shown to play a critical role in sculpting circuit formation and function. Patterned neural activity in various parts of the developing nervous system is thought to modulate neurite outgrowth, axon targeting, and synapse refinement. The nature and role of patterned neural activity during development has been classically studied with in vitro preparations using pharmacological manipulations. In this review we discuss newly available and developing molecular–genetic tools for the visualization and manipulation of neural activity patterns specifically during development.
Minimizing data center cooling and server power costs

This paper focuses on power minimization in a data center accounting for both the information technology equipment and the air conditioning power usage. In particular we address the server consolidation (on/off state assignment) concurrently with the task assignment. We formulate the resulting optimization problem as an Integer Linear Programming problem and present a heuristic algorithm that solves it in polynomial time. Experimental results show an average of 13% power saving for different data center utilization rates compared to a baseline task assignment technique, which does not perform server consolidation.
Performance of in-network processing for visual analysis in wireless sensor networks

Nodes in a sensor network are traditionally used for sensing and data forwarding. However, with the increase of their computational capability, they can be used for in-network data processing, leading to a potential increase of the quality of the networked applications as well as the network lifetime. Visual analysis in sensor networks is a prominent example where the processing power of the network nodes needs to be leveraged to meet the frame rate and the processing delay requirements of common visual analysis applications. The modeling of the end-to-end performance for such networks is, however, challenging, because in-network processing violates the flow conservation law, which is the basis for most queuing analysis. In this work we propose to solve this methodological challenge through appropriately scaling the arrival and the service processes, and we develop probabilistic performance bounds using stochastic network calculus. We use the developed model to determine the main performance bottlenecks of networked visual processing. Our numerical results show that an end-to-end delay of 2-3 frame length is obtained with violation probability in the order of 10-6. Simulation shows that the obtained bounds overestimates the end-to-end delay by no more than 10%.
Do Interruptions Affect Quality of Work?

Objective: The aim of this study was to determine if interruptions affect the quality of work. Background: Interruptions are commonplace at home and in the office. Previous research in this area has traditionally involved time and errors as the primary measures of disruption. Little is known about the effect interruptions have on quality of work. Method: Fifty-four students outlined and wrote three essays using a within-subjects design. During Condition 1, interruptions occurred while participants were outlining. During Condition 2, interruptions occurred while they were writing. No interruptions occurred in Condition 3. Results: Quality of work was significantly reduced in both interruption conditions when compared to the non-interruption condition. The number of words produced was significantly reduced when participants were interrupted while writing the essay but not when outlining the essay. Conclusion: This research represents a crucial first step in understanding the effect interruptions have on quality of work. Our research suggests that interruptions negatively impact quality of work during a complex, creative writing task. Since interruptions are such a prevalent part of daily life, more research needs to be conducted to determine what other tasks are negatively impacted. Moreover, the underlying mechanism(s) causing these decrements needs to be identified. Finally, strategies and systems need to be designed and put in place to help counteract the decline in quality of work caused by interruptions.
Assessment of radioprotective effects of amifostine on human lymphocytes irradiated in vitro by gamma-rays using cytokinesis-blocked micronucleus assay

Background: A radioprotective effect of amifostine as well as its ability to modulate the level of spontaneous and gamma-rays-induced genetic changes on human peripheral blood lymphocytes has been investigated. Amifostine, known as a potent radical scavenger, has been introduced as the most effective radioprotector, yet it is not completely approved for the clinical use. However, further in vitro and clinical studies are needed to clarify its mechanisms of action. Materials and Methods: Whole blood samples from healthy donors were exposed to various doses of gamma-rays. Lymphocytes in cultures were treated with amifostine at different concentrations (2, 4 and 6 mM) in the presence or in the absence of 1 U/ml alkaline phosphatase before or after gamma-irradiation. Standard procedure for the cytokinesis-block micronucleus (CBMN) assay was used to assess the effect of amifostine on radiation induced micronucleus in binucleate lymphocytes. Results: Irradiated blood samples showed an increase in the total number of micronuclei (MN) significantly different from controls (p<0.05). However, pre-treatment of lymphocytes with amifostine in the presence of alkaline phosphatase, 15 minutes before irradiation, led to a significant decrease in the frequencies of MN and cells with more than one MN (p<0.05). Amifostine, in its own, produced little or no protection. However, the addition of amifostine with alkaline phosphatase to the cell cultures 15 minutes after irradiation produced substantial radioprotection significantly different from the frequencies of MN induced by radiation alone (p<0.05). Conclusion: Results clearly indicated that gamma-rays induced MN in lymphocytes in a dose dependent manner. The highest protective effect was achieved when amifostine was phosphorilated by alkaline phosphatase and present before irradiation in the cellular environment, was indicating its radical scavenging mechanism of radioprotection. Since the administration of amifostime after irradiation also led to a considerable decrease in the frequency of radiation induced MN, other mechanisms such as induction of cell cycle delay and hence influencing DNA repair, might be involved in radioprotection by amifostine. Iran. J. Radiat. Res., 2007; 5 (1): 9-16
Elevated Th22 Cells Correlated with Th17 Cells in Peripheral Blood of Patients with Acute Myeloid Leukemia

Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is a hematological tumor in which progress T helper (Th) subsets including Th22, Th17, and Th1 cells play a pivotal role. However, the role of T helper (Th) subsets in the immune pathogenesis of AML remains unclear. Here, we investigated frequencies of Th22, Th17, pure Th17, and Th1 cells in the peripheral blood (PB) of AML patients. We demonstrated that Th22, Th17, and pure Th17 in newly-diagnosed (ND) and non-complete remission (Non-CR) AML patients and plasma IL-22 in ND AML patients were significantly increased. Retinoid-related orphan receptor C (RORC) expression was significantly elevated in CR and Non-CR AML patients. However, Th1 in ND AML patients and IL-17 in ND, Non-CR or CR AML patients was significantly decreased compared with controls. Moreover, Th22 and IL-22 showed positive correlation with pure Th17, but Th22 showed negative correlation with Th1 in ND AML patients. RORC showed positive correlation with Th22 and approximately positive correlation with pure Th17 in Non-CR patients. PB blast cell showed positive correlation with Th22 and negative correlation with Th1 in ND AML patients. Our results indicate that Th22 and pure Th17 cells conjointly contribute to the pathogenesis of AML and might be promising novel clinical index for AML.
The use of thermography to design tissue flaps – experimental studies on animals

Introduction Methods allowing one to locate the position of a cutaneous perforator do not allow one to determine the boundaries of the vascularized skin. In clinical practice this causes complications in the form of marginal necrosis of the flap. Aim To examine the usefulness of thermography to assess the extent of vascularization of the skin and subcutaneous tissue by a single perforator. Material and methods Thirty-one male rats were used. Using dynamic thermography the perforators on the abdominal skin were located. Afterwards the flap was prepared on a randomly chosen perforator. After 24 h the extent of vascularization of the skin by a single perforator was examined. Results In 22.5% of cases the number of perforators marked in the thermography was equal to the number of perforators marked intraoperatively, in 64.5% it was lower and in 13% higher. The use of thermography has shown that basing the flap vascularization on the perforator with low efficiency resulted in statistically more frequent occurrence of ischemia and partial necrosis of the flap (p = 0.024). Partial necrosis of the flap occurred in 12 of 31 cases, always in the area in which during the preoperative thermography no perforators were found. The areas of necrosis occurred irrespectively of the distance from the supplying vessel. Conclusions When designing the shape of the flap, the distribution of all perforators must be considered. The perforators need to be included in the area of prepared tissues because their location indicates the area with a more efficient network of vessels.
Evidence that brain‐derived neurotrophic factor is required for basal neurogenesis and mediates, in part, the enhancement of neurogenesis by dietary restriction in the hippocampus of adult mice

To determine the role of brain‐derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) in the enhancement of hippocampal neurogenesis resulting from dietary restriction (DR), heterozygous BDNF knockout (BDNF +/–) mice and wild‐type mice were maintained for 3 months on DR or ad libitum (AL) diets. Mice were then injected with bromodeoxyuridine (BrdU) and killed either 1 day or 4 weeks later. Levels of BDNF protein in neurons throughout the hippocampus were decreased in BDNF +/– mice, but were increased by DR in wild‐type mice and to a lesser amount in BDNF +/– mice. One day after BrdU injection the number of BrdU‐labeled cells in the dentate gyrus of the hippocampus was significantly decreased in BDNF +/– mice maintained on the AL diet, suggesting that BDNF signaling is important for proliferation of neural stem cells. DR had no effect on the proliferation of neural stem cells in wild‐type or BDNF +/– mice. Four weeks after BrdU injection, numbers of surviving labeled cells were decreased in BDNF +/– mice maintained on either AL or DR diets. DR significantly improved survival of newly generated cells in wild‐type mice, and also improved their survival in BDNF +/– mice, albeit to a lesser extent. The majority of BrdU‐labeled cells in the dentate gyrus exhibited a neuronal phenotype at the 4‐week time point. The reduced neurogenesis in BDNF +/– mice was associated with a significant reduction in the volume of the dentate gyrus. These findings suggest that BDNF plays an important role in the regulation of the basal level of neurogenesis in dentate gyrus of adult mice, and that by promoting the survival of newly generated neurons BDNF contributes to the enhancement of neurogenesis induced by DR.
Feature extraction for human motion indexing of acted dance performances

There has been an increasing use of pre-recorded motion capture data for animating virtual characters and synthesising different actions; it is although a necessity to establish a resultful method for indexing, classifying and retrieving motion. In this paper, we propose a method that can automatically extract motion qualities from dance performances, in terms of Laban Movement Analysis (LMA), for motion analysis and indexing purposes. The main objectives of this study is to analyse the motion information of different dance performances, using the LMA components, and extract those features that are indicative of certain emotions or actions. LMA encodes motions using four components, Body, Effort, Shape and Space, which represent a wide array of structural, geometric, and dynamic features of human motion. A deeper analysis of how these features change on different movements is presented, investigating the correlations between the performers' acting emotional state and its characteristics, thus indicating the importance and the effect of each feature for the classification of the motion. Understanding the quality of the movement helps to apprehend the intentions of the performer, providing a representative search space for indexing motions.
Patterns of treatment response in newly diagnosed epilepsy

Objective: To delineate the temporal patterns of outcome and to determine the probability of seizure freedom with successive antiepileptic drug regimens in newly diagnosed epilepsy. Methods: Patients in whom epilepsy was diagnosed and the first antiepileptic drug prescribed between July 1, 1982, and April 1, 2006, were followed up until March 31, 2008. Outcomes were categorized into 4 patterns: A) early and sustained seizure freedom; B) delayed but sustained seizure freedom; C) fluctuation between periods of seizure freedom and relapse; and D) seizure freedom never attained. Probability of seizure freedom with successive drug regimens was compared. Seizure freedom was defined as no seizures for ≥1 year. Results: A total of 1,098 patients were included (median age 32 years, range 9–93). At the last clinic visit, 749 (68%) patients were seizure-free, 678 (62%) on monotherapy. Outcome pattern A was observed in 408 (37%), pattern B in 246 (22%), pattern C in 172 (16%), and pattern D in 272 (25%) patients. There was a higher probability of seizure freedom in patients receiving 1 compared to 2 drug regimens, and 2 compared to 3 regimens (p < 0.001). The difference was greater among patients with symptomatic or cryptogenic than with idiopathic epilepsy. Less than 2% of patients became seizure-free on subsequent regimens but a few did so on their sixth or seventh regimen. Conclusions: Most patients with newly diagnosed epilepsy had a constant course which could usually be predicted early. The chance of seizure freedom declined with successive drug regimens, most markedly from the first to the third and among patients with localization-related epilepsies.