Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Perioperative Precision Medicine: Promise, Progress, and Pitfalls.

The promise of perioperative precision medicine is the ability to make drug and dosage choices that are informed by each patient’s genomic data. While substantial progress towards understanding drug-genome interactions has been made, large gaps exist between current state and fulfillment of precision medicine’s potential. In this infographic, we describe the relevant perioperative genomic interactions, and demonstrate some of the current limitations for this approach.1,2 The infographic is composed by Jonathan P. Wanderer, MD, MPhil, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine (jon.wanderer@vanderbilt.edu), and Naveen Nathan, MD, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine (n-nathan@northwestern.edu). Illustration by Naveen Nathan, MD. The authors declare no conflicts of interest. REFERENCES 1. Iravani M, Lee LK, Cannesson M. Standardized Care versus precision medicine in the perioperative setting: can point-of-care testing help bridge the gap? Anesth Analg. 2017;124:1347–1353. 2. https://www.pharmgkb. org/view/drug-labels.do. Accessed January 20, 2017. Copyright © 2017 International Anesthesia Research Society ANE
PB 1-mediated virulence attenuation of H 5 N 1 influenza virus in mice is associated with PB 2

H5N1 avian influenza viruses demonstrate different phenotypes, such as pathogenicity after one or serial passages in mammalian hosts or cells. To establish the molecular basis of these phenotypes, we cloned isolates from the lungs of mice infected with human A/Vietnam/1194/ 2004 (H5N1) influenza virus. Large-plaque isolates were less pathogenic to mice than smallplaque isolates. Genome sequencing revealed that the small-plaque and large-plaque isolates differed in several amino acids. In order to assess their effects on pathogenicity in mice, two amino acid changes common to attenuated isolates, one in PB2 (I63T) and the other in PB1 (T677M), were inserted into a wild-type recombinant virus construct. The PB2 (I63T) or PB1 (T677M) mutations alone did not alter the phenotype of H5N1 virus, whereas recombinant virus with both mutations was less pathogenic than the wild-type recombinant virus. Furthermore, the PB1 (T677M) mutation showed a lower replication efficiency, although it had higher polymerase activity. The recombinant virus with the PB2 (63T) mutation replicated as well as the wild-type recombinant virus. These results suggest that the C terminus of PB1 of H5N1 influenza virus mediates virulence attenuation of H5N1 influenza virus in mice, associating with the N terminus of PB2. However, the role of the N terminus of PB2 in virulence attenuation in mice remains unclear.
Mathematical Modeling of Plant Metabolism―From Reconstruction to Prediction

Due to their sessile lifestyle, plants are exposed to a large set of environmental cues. In order to cope with changes in environmental conditions a multitude of complex strategies to regulate metabolism has evolved. The complexity is mainly attributed to interlaced regulatory circuits between genes, proteins and metabolites and a high degree of cellular compartmentalization. The genetic model plant Arabidopsis thaliana was intensely studied to characterize adaptive traits to a changing environment. The availability of genetically distinct natural populations has made it an attractive system to study plant-environment interactions. The impact on metabolism caused by changing environmental conditions can be estimated by mathematical approaches and deepens the understanding of complex biological systems. In combination with experimental high-throughput technologies this provides a promising platform to develop in silico models which are not only able to reproduce but also to predict metabolic phenotypes and to allow for the interpretation of plant physiological mechanisms leading to successful adaptation to a changing environment. Here, we provide an overview of mathematical approaches to analyze plant metabolism, with experimental procedures being used to validate their output, and we discuss them in the context of establishing a comprehensive understanding of plant-environment interactions.
Serological evidence of Candida infection after open-heart surgery.

Summary Six patients with homograft aortic valves who developed endocarditis due to infection with Candida albicans or C. parapsilosis were found to have serum precipitins and high titres of agglutinins to several species of Candida. In 14 of 62 other patients undergoing open-heart surgery, a similar serological pattern developed in the 2nd wk after operation, suggesting the possibility that otherwise undetected candida infection was present. A further 13 of the 62 patients developed antibodies to a single species of Candida. Such patients, especially those with homograft valve replacements, should clearly be watched carefully for infective complications.
stablishing herd immunity against Ebola through vaccination

Objectives: In response to recent concern regarding Ebola outbreaks, this study aims to (1) determine the relationship between vaccination coverage and herd immunity, (2) determine the vaccination coverage necessary to establish herd immunity for previous Ebola viruses, and (3) recommend vaccination coverage thresholds for future Ebola viruses. Methods: Herd immunity thresholds needed to block transmission of Ebola virus were determined using vaccine efficacy and number of secondary cases per infected case during an entire infectious period. Results: In past Ebola outbreaks 42.2–63.0% of the population would need to be vaccinated in order to prevent transmission and outbreaks. Assuming 80% vaccine efficacy as reported by phase I clinical trials, 52.7–78.7% of the population would require vaccination coverage in order to establish herd immunity. In ing vaccination recent ring vaccination trials which considered the vaccine to be 100% effective after 10 days, 42.2–63.0% of the population would need to be vaccinated. Conclusion: For future Ebola outbreaks, the spread of the virus can be prevented by vaccinating certain percentages of the population depending on vaccine efficacy and number of secondary cases per infected case.
Constructing of Phylogenetic Tree for COX based on sequences by using ClustalW

-The phylogenetics development of genus is regularly described as the consequence of random mutations and expected choice, which gives rise to the perception of phylogenetic trees. The big quantity of soaring excellence sequence data accessible has ended the rebuilding of phylogenetic trees as of sequence data achievable. In this work COX gene is taken from NCBI P22437.1 as a protein with its accession number. The Clustal approach is a influential and admired alternative for create phylogenetic trees as of sequence data, no limit in the size of the trees, which can be constructed. The aim of work is speed up tree reconstruction by construction use of preceding information. Here put forward a new heuristic for incorporating a phylogenetic tree for protein datasets are converted to DNA datasets and construct the phylogenetic tree for analogous data set. In this work we implement the proposed Clustal for multiple alignments. The experiments performed show, which incorporating prior knowledge leads to a significant speed up, if large amounts are included.
Estimating Orientation Using Magnetic and Inertial Sensors and Different Sensor Fusion Approaches: Accuracy Assessment in Manual and Locomotion Tasks

Magnetic and inertial measurement units are an emerging technology to obtain 3D orientation of body segments in human movement analysis. In this respect, sensor fusion is used to limit the drift errors resulting from the gyroscope data integration by exploiting accelerometer and magnetic aiding sensors. The present study aims at investigating the effectiveness of sensor fusion methods under different experimental conditions. Manual and locomotion tasks, differing in time duration, measurement volume, presence/absence of static phases, and out-of-plane movements, were performed by six subjects, and recorded by one unit located on the forearm or the lower trunk, respectively. Two sensor fusion methods, representative of the stochastic (Extended Kalman Filter) and complementary (Non-linear observer) filtering, were selected, and their accuracy was assessed in terms of attitude (pitch and roll angles) and heading (yaw angle) errors using stereophotogrammetric data as a reference. The sensor fusion approaches provided significantly more accurate results than gyroscope data integration. Accuracy improved mostly for heading and when the movement exhibited stationary phases, evenly distributed 3D rotations, it occurred in a small volume, and its duration was greater than approximately 20 s. These results were independent from the specific sensor fusion method used. Practice guidelines for improving the outcome accuracy are provided.
Knowledge augmentation via incremental clustering: new technology for effective knowledge management

Learning paradigm is associated with the study of how computers and natural systems such as humans learn in the presence of both labelled and unlabeled data. Traditionally, learning has been studied either in the unsupervised paradigm (e.g., clustering, outlier detection) where all the data are unlabeled or in the supervised paradigm (e.g., classification, regression) where all the data are labelled. 'Incremental learning' is an approach to deal with classification task or clustering when datasets are too large and when new information can arrive at any time, dynamically. We propose a new incremental clustering algorithm based on closeness, an efficient and scalable approach which updates cluster and learn new information effectually. Confusion matrix is implemented to validate the results given by proposed system as compared to published results. The proposed systems achieves knowledge augmentation, incremental learning via incremental clustering without compromising quality of data and saving computing time and complexity.
Microwave Radar Absorbing Properties of Multiwalled Carbon Nanotubes Polymer Composites: A Review

Multiwall carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) reinforced composites for electromagnetic (EM) absorption are reviewed. Here, four types of nanostructured radar absorbing materials (RAMs) were discussed including MWCNTs polymer composites, magnetic nanostructures decorated MWCNTs polymer composites, nonmagnetic nanostructures decorated MWCNTs polymer composites, and honeycomb-coated MWCNTs as RAMs. Challenges hindering the practical applications of such composites have been discussed. It has also been highlighted that MWCNTs decorated with magnetic and dielectric nanostructures are effective for broadband lightweight absorbing materials.
3D hand trajectory segmentation by curvatures and hand orientation for classification through a probabilistic approach

In this work we present the segmentation and classification of 3D hand trajectory. Curvatures features are acquired by (r, θ, h) and the hand orientation is acquired by approximating the hand plane in 3D space. The 3D positions of the hand movement are acquired by markers of a magnetic tracking system [6]. Observing humans movements we perform a learning phase using histogram techniques. Based on the learning phase is possible classify reach-to-grasp movements applying Bayes rule to recognize the way that a human grasps an object by continuous classification based on multiplicative updates of beliefs. We are classifying the hand trajectory by its curvatures and by hand orientation along the trajectory individually. Both results are compared after some trials to verify the best classification between these two kinds of segmentation. Using entropy as confidence level, we can give weights for each kind of classification to combine both, acquiring a new classification for results comparison. Using these techniques we developed an application to estimate and classify two possible types of grasping by the reach-to-grasp movements performed by humans. These reported steps are important to understand some human behaviors before the object manipulation and can be used to endow a robot with autonomous capabilities (e.g. reaching objects for handling).
Scalable and Efficient Hierarchical Visual Topological Mapping

Hierarchical topological representations can significantly reduce search times within mapping and localization algorithms. Although recent research has shown the potential for such approaches, limited consideration has been given to the suitability and comparative performance of different global feature representations within this context. In this work, we evaluate state-of-the-art hand-crafted and learned global descriptors using a hierarchical topological mapping technique on benchmark datasets and present results of a comprehensive evaluation of the impact of the global descriptor used. Although learned descriptors have been incorporated into place recognition methods to improve retrieval accuracy and enhance overall recall, the problem of scalability and efficiency when applied to longer trajectories has not been adequately addressed in a majority of research studies. Based on our empirical analysis of multiple runs, we identify that continuity and distinctiveness are crucial characteristics for an optimal global descriptor that enable efficient and scalable hierarchical mapping, and present a methodology for quantifying and contrasting these characteristics across different global descriptors. Our study demonstrates that the use of global descriptors based on an unsupervised learned Variational Autoencoder (VAE) excels in these characteristics and achieves significantly lower runtime. It runs on a consumer grade desktop, up to 2.3x faster than the second best global descriptor, NetVLAD, and up to 9.5x faster than the hand-crafted descriptor, PHOG, on the longest track evaluated (St Lucia, 17.6 km), without sacrificing overall recall performance.
Blood Pressure Control and Improved Cardiovascular Outcomes in the International Verapamil SR-Trandolapril Study

Uncontrolled blood pressure (BP) increases cardiovascular risk, independent of type of treatment. In this posthoc International Verapamil SR-Trandolapril Study analysis, we determined whether adverse outcomes are related to consistency of BP control, defined as the proportion of visits in which BP was in control. A total of 22 576 patients with hypertension and coronary artery disease were divided into 4 groups according to the proportion of visits in which BP was in control (<140/90 mm Hg): <25%, 25% to <50%, 50% to <75%, and ≥75%. Risk of primary outcome (first occurrence of death, nonfatal myocardial infarction, or nonfatal stroke), myocardial infarction, and stroke decreased progressively from the group with <25% to the group with ≥75% of visits with BP control. Adjusted risks of primary outcome (heart rate: 0.60; 95% CI: 0.53 to 0.67), myocardial infarction (heart rate: 0.58; 95% CI: 0.48 to 0.70), and stroke (heart rate: 0.50; 95% CI: 0.37 to 0.67) were less in the group with ≥75% of visits with BP control compared with the group with <25% of visits with BP control. Baseline BP was not predictive of outcomes. Proportion of visits with BP control was associated with mean follow-up systolic BP (r2=0.64), both being independently related to primary outcome. As proportion of visits with BP control increases, there is an associated steep reduction in cardiovascular risk, independent of baseline characteristics and mean on-treatment BP. Consistency of BP control during treatment provides additional information on the protective effect of antihypertensive treatment. Physicians need to be concerned at each visit if BP is not controlled.
Volume of Intracerebral Hemorrhage: A Powerful and Easy‐to‐Use Predictor of 30‐Day Mortality

Background and Purpose The aim of this study was to determine the 30-day mortality and morbidity of intracerebral hemorrhage in a large metropolitan population and to determine the most important predictors of 30-day outcome. Methods We reviewed the medical records and computed tomographic films for all cases of spontaneous intracerebral hemorrhage in Greater Cincinnati during 1988. Independent predictors of 30-day mortality were determined using univariate and multivariate statistical analyses. Results The 30-day mortality for the 188 cases of intracerebral hemorrhage was 44%, with half of deaths occurring within the first 2 days of onset. Volume of intracerebral hemorrhage was the strongest predictor of 30-day mortality for all locations of intracerebral hemorrhage. Using three categories of parenchymal hemorrhage volume (0 to 29 cm3,30 to 60 cm3, and 61 cm3 or more), calculated by a quick and easy-to-use ellipsoid method, and two categories of the Glasgow Coma Scale (9 or more and 8 or less), 30-day mortality was predicted correctly with a sensitivity of 96% and a specificity of 98%. Patients with a parenchymal hemorrhage volume of 60 cm3 or more on their initial computed tomogram and a Glasgow Coma Scale score of 8 or less had a predicted 30-day mortality of 91%. Patients with a volume of less than 30 cm3 and a Glasgow Coma Scale score of 9 or more had a predicted 30-day mortality of 19%. Only one of the 71 patients with a volume of parenchymal hemorrhage of 30 cm3 or more could function independently at 30 days. Conclusions Volume of intracerebral hemorrhage, in combination with the initial Glasgow Coma Scale score, is a powerful and easy-to-use predictor of 30-day mortality and morbidity in patients with spontaneous intracerebral hemorrhage.
Posttraumatic Stress Symptoms in Children and Adolescents Referred for Child Welfare Investigation

This study examines the prevalence and correlates of heightened posttraumatic stress (PTS) symptoms in a nationally representative sample of 1,848 children and adolescents (ages 8-14) who were referred to child welfare for investigation of abuse or neglect based on the National Survey of Child and Adolescent Well-Being. The severity of current PTS symptoms was assessed using the PTS subscale of the Trauma Symptom Checklist for Children, a standardized child-report scale evaluating common symptoms associated with trauma. The overall prevalence of clinically significant PTS symptoms was 11.7% (overall mean T score = 49.5). The prevalence was higher for cases that were placed in out-of-home care (19.2%) than those maintained at home (10.7%). Multivariate hierarchical regression identified four contributors to heightened PTS symptoms: younger child age, abuse by a nonbiological parent, violence in the home, and child depression. The authors discuss the modest but still lower than expected prevalence of self-reported, clinically significant PTS symptoms and the variables associated with greater risk for heightened PTS symptoms found among cases referred to child welfare services.
Two Fast Transient Current Components during Voltage Clamp on Snail Neurons

Voltage clamp currents from medium sized ganglion cells of Helix pomatia have a fast transient outward current component in addition to the usually observed inward and outward currents. This component is inactivated at normal resting potential. The current, which is carried by K+ ions, may surpass leakage currents by a factor of 100 after inactivation has been removed by hyperpolarizing conditioning pulses. Its kinetics are similar to those of the inward current, except that it has a longer time constant of inactivation. It has a threshold close to resting potential. This additional component is also present in giant cells, where however, it is less prominent. Pacemaker activity is controlled by this current. It was found that inward currents have a slow inactivating process in addition to a fast, Hodgkin-Huxley type inactivation. The time constants of the slow process are similar to those of slow outward current inactivation.
Polymer-Free Biolimus A9–Coated Stent Demonstrates More Sustained Intimal Inhibition, Improved Healing, and Reduced Inflammation Compared With a Polymer-Coated Sirolimus-Eluting Cypher Stent in a Porcine Model

Background—Drug-eluting stents effectively reduce restenosis but may increase late thrombosis and delayed restenosis. Persistent polymer, the drug, or a combination of both could be responsible. Local delivery of Biolimus A9, a rapamycin derivative, from a polymer-free BioFreedom stent (Biosensors International) may prevent these complications. Methods and Results—We compared high-dose (HD) (225 &mgr;g/14 mm Biolimus A9) and low-dose (LD) (112 &mgr;g/14 mm Biolimus A9) BioFreedom stents with a polymer-coated sirolimus-eluting Cypher stent (SES) and a bare-metal stent (BMS) at 28 days and 180 days in an overstretch coronary mini-swine model with histomorphometric and histological analysis. At 28 days, there was a reduction in neointimal proliferation by HD, LD, and SES compared with BMS (neointimal thickness: HD, 0.080±0.032; LD, 0.085±0.038; SES, 0.064±0.037; BMS, 0.19±0.111 mm; P<0.001; BMS > HD/LD/SES). At 180 days, both BioFreedom stents were associated with reduced neointimal proliferation, whereas SES exhibited increased neointima (neointimal thickness: HD, 0.12±0.034; LD, 0.10±0.040; SES, 0.20±0.111; BMS, 0.17±0.099 mm; P<0.001; SES > HD/LD; BMS > LD). At 180 days, BioFreedom stents showed decreased fibrin and inflammation, including granuloma and giant cells, compared with SES. Conclusions—The polymer-free Biolimus A9–coated stent demonstrates equivalent early and superior late reduction of intimal proliferation compared with SES in a porcine model. After implantation of BioFreedom stent, delayed arterial healing was minimal, and there was no increased inflammation at 180 days compared with SES implantation. The use of polymer-free stents may have a potential long-term benefit over traditional polymeric-coated drug-eluting stents.
Evolution d'un web sémantique d'entreprise à l'aide d'ontologies dynamiques et de système multi-agents

RÉSUMÉ . Les systèmes de gestion des connaissances s’appuient sur les ontologies afin de décrire les connaissances d’un domaine. Dans un contexte multi-acteurs les concepts changent au cours du temps et devient donc nécessaire d’étudier l’évolution des ontologies. Nous proposons une approche qui traite de l’évolution des ontologies dans le cadre d’un web sémantique d’entreprises en nous appuyant sur des agents logiciels intelligents. ABSTRACT . Knowledge management systems rely upon ontologies in order to describe a domain's knowledge. Concepts evolve in a dynamic multi - actor context. Therefore, it is necessary to study the ontology evolution. In this paper, we present an approach for a dynamic evolution of ontologies in semantic web using the agent paradigm. MOTS-CLÉS : web sémantique, évolution d’ontologie, système multi-agents, gestion des connaissances.
Tellurite glass optical fiber doped with PbTe quantum dots

We produced a PbTe quantum dot core doped optical fiber with tellurite glasses intended to be used in highly nonlinear ultrafast optical devices capable to operate at the optical communication window at 1300 and 1500 nm wavelength region. Attenuation peaks of the optical fiber depends on the heat treatment time as expected for dots growth and covered the whole mid infrared region near 1500 nm. The optical fiber preform was made with the rod-in-tube method and the fiber was produced with a 4 m high Heatway drawing tower. The optical fiber core can be heavily doped because tellurite glasses solubility for PbTe quantum dots is order of magnitude higher than borosilicate and phosphate glasses, for example. In order to match all the requirements for core-clad optical fibers we studied undoped and doped tellurite glasses optical and thermophysical properties as a function of the glass composition. We also followed the growth kinetics of the quantum dots by High Resolution Transmission Electron Microscopy in the bulk glass matrix and the optical fiber.