Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
ELEVATE: A Framework for Entity-level Event Diffusion Prediction into Foreign Language Communities

The accessibility to news via the Web or other "traditional" media allows a rapid diffusion of information into almost every part of the world. These reports cover the full spectrum of events, ranging from locally relevant ones up to those that gain global attention. The societal impact of an event can be relatively easily "measured" by the attention it attracts (e.g. in the number of responses it receives and/or provokes) in the news or social media. However, this does not necessarily reflect its inter-cultural impact and its diffusion into other communities. In order to address the issue of predicting the spread of information into foreign language communities we introduce the ELEVATE framework. ELEVATE exploits entity information from Web contents and harnesses location related data for language-related event diffusion prediction. Our experiments on event spreading across Wikipedia communities of different language demonstrate the viability of our approach and improvement over state-of-the-art approaches.
Response to the U.S. Securities and Exchange’s Proposed Rule: Roadmap for the Potential Use of Financial Statements Prepared in Accordance with International Financial Reporting Standards by U.S. Issuers (Release No. 33-8831; 34-56217; IC-27924; File No. S7-20-07)

ABSTRACT: This paper is a response to the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission’s request for comments on its proposed rule concerning a “Roadmap” for the use of financial statements prepared in accordance with International Financial Reporting Standards (IFRS) by U.S. issuers. The paper addresses only a few of the 70 multipart questions contained in the Roadmap (refer to the Appendix for a list of all 70 questions). We find that while there are widely divergent opinions, little empirical evidence directly bears on the question of whether U.S. issuers should be required or permitted to adopt IFRS. We conclude that further analysis of the costs and benefits of a mandated transition to IFRS should be done. Notwithstanding the need for further analysis, we question whether it is justified to withhold from U.S. issuers the option to use IFRS for financial reports based on industry membership or size, when all non-U.S. issuers have the option to do so. While IFRS might marginally increase the concentration a.
An amicable separation: Chick’s way of doing EMT

Epithelial to mesenchymal transition (EMT) is a morphogenetic process in which cells lose their epithelial characteristics and gain mesenchymal properties, and is fundamental for many tissue remodeling events in developmental and pathological conditions. Although general cell biology of EMT has been well-described, how it is executed in diverse biological settings depends largely on individual context, and as a consequence, regulatory points for each EMT may vary. Here we discuss developmental and cellular events involved in chick gastrulation EMT. Regulated disruption of epithelial cell/basement membrane (BM) interaction is a critical early step. This takes place after molecular specification of mesoderm cell fate, but before the disruption of tight junctions. The epithelial cell/BM interaction is mediated by small GTPase RhoA and through the regulation of basal microtubule dynamics. We propose that EMT is not regulated as a single morphogenetic event. Components of EMT in different settings may share similar regulatory mechanisms, but the sequence of their execution and critical regulatory points vary for each EMT.
Cerebral Circulation in Sleep: Vasodilatory Response to Cerebral Hypotension

Little is known of the factors that regulate CBF in sleep. We therefore studied 10 lambs to assess the vasodilatory processes that underlie cerebral autoregulation during sleep. Lambs, instrumented to measure CBF (flow probe on the superior sagittal sinus), sleep state, and cerebral perfusion pressure (CPP), were rapidly made hypotensive by inflating a cuff around the brachiocephalic artery to reduce CPP to 30 mm Hg in each state. During control periods, cerebral vascular resistance (CVR in mm Hg/mL/min) was lower in active sleep (2.8±0.3, mean±SD, P ≤ 0.001) than in wakefulness (3.9±0.6) and quiet sleep (4.3±0.6). The CVR decreased promptly in each state as CPP was lowered. The time (seconds) required for maximal cerebral vasodilation to occur was longer in active sleep (35±11) than in quiet sleep (20±6, P ≤ 0.001) and wakefulness (27±11, P ≤ 0.05). The CVR decreased less in active sleep (0.6±0.3, P ≤ 0.001) than in quiet sleep (1.5±0.3), although the changes in CPP induced with brachiocephalic occlusion were equal in each state. In conclusion, our studies provide the first evidence that the vasoactive mechanisms that underlie autoregulation of the cerebral circulation function during sleep. Moreover, our data reveal that the speed and the magnitude of the vasodilatory reserves available for autoregulation are significantly less in active sleep than in quiet sleep.
Intestinal Epithelial Cells Modulate Antigen-Presenting Cell Responses to Bacterial DNA

ABSTRACT Intestinal epithelial cells and antigen-presenting cells orchestrate mucosal innate immunity. This study investigated the role of bacterial DNA in modulating epithelial and bone marrow-derived antigen-presenting cells (BM-APCs) and subsequent T-lymphocyte responses. Murine MODE-K epithelial cells and BM-APCs were treated with DNA from either Bifidobacterium breve or Salmonella enterica serovar Dublin directly and under coculture conditions with CD4+ T cells. Apical stimulation of MODE-K cells with S. Dublin DNA enhanced secretion of cytokines from underlying BM-APCs and induced interleukin-17 (IL-17) and gamma interferon (IFN-γ) secretion from CD4+ T cells. Bacterial DNA isolated from either strain induced maturation and increased cytokine secretion from BM-APCs. Conditioned medium from S. Dublin-treated MODE-K cells elicited an increase in cytokine secretion similar to that seen for S. Dublin DNA. Treatment of conditioned medium from MODE-K cells with RNase and protease prevented the S. Dublin-induced increased cytokine secretion. Oral feeding of mice with B. breve DNA resulted in enhanced levels of colonic IL-10 and transforming growth factor β (TGFβ) compared with what was seen for mice treated with S. Dublin DNA. In contrast, feeding mice with S. Dublin DNA increased levels of colonic IL-17 and IL-12p70. T cells from S. Dublin DNA-treated mice secreted high levels of IL-12 and IFN-γ compared to controls and B. breve DNA-treated mice. These results demonstrate that intestinal epithelial cells are able to modulate subsequent antigen-presenting and T-cell responses to bacterial DNA with pathogenic but not commensal bacterial DNA inducing effector CD4+ T lymphocytes.
Depression trajectories and obesity among the elderly in Taiwan

Background The present study aimed to (a) characterize 10-year trajectory patterns of depressive symptoms and (b) investigate the association between depressive trajectory and subsequent obesity, metabolic function and cortisol level. Method In a prospective study of Taiwanese adults aged ⩾60 years (n=3922) between 1989 and 1999, depression was assessed using a 10-item short-form of the Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale and information on body mass index (BMI) was collected by self-report. A subsample (n=445) of the original cohort in 1989 was drawn to assess metabolic variables and cortisol levels in a 2000 follow-up. After trajectory analyses were performed, multinomial logistic regression analyses were used to estimate the association estimates. Results We identified four distinctive trajectories of depressive symptoms: class 1 (persistent low, 41.8%); class 2 (persistent mild, 46.8%); class 3 (late peak, 4.2%); and class 4 (high-chronic, 7.2%). The results from both complete cases and multiple imputation analyses indicated that the odds of obesity were lower in the class 2, 3 or 4 elderly, as compared with those in class 1, while the odds of underweight were higher. The classes of older adults with more and persistent depressive symptoms showed a trend toward having both a lower BMI (p=0.01) and a higher cortisol level (p=0.04) compared with those with low depressive symptoms. Conclusions Incremental increases in depressive symptoms over time were associated with reduced risk of obesity and higher cortisol levels.
Econometric Models of the United States

IN RECENT years the federal government has assumed major responsibilities for economic stability and growth. Along with this has come increased awareness of the interrelatedness of different sectors of the economy and of the need for co-ordination of policies which had previously been debated in terms of their direct impacts on individual sectors. However, there are sharp differences of opinion about how far one should go toward formalizing the concept of interrelatedness. The traditional view appears to be that all economic relationships should be dealt with on an intuitive level -that no tangible mechanism should intervene between the raw material (individual time series) and the finished product (policy recommendations). This requires an act of faith on the part of both the giver and the receiver of economic advice. A newer view, still struggling for recognition, is that the policy implications of a host of raw time series can be made clear if they are organized into an econometric model-a system of equations which translates the concept of interrelatedness into an explicit, quantitative, reproducible form. During the last two decades, three major attempts have been made to construct econometric models for the United States. The first of these was published by Tinbergen (1939), the second by
Heritage sites as tourism assets for asian pacific destinations: insights from ancient european tourism

This paper presents a brief review of issues in contemporary heritage tourism in Asian Pacific destinations and discusses the approaches being taken in light of tourism in ancient Europe. It appears that many of the issues, which confront contemporary managers and heritage tourists, would be recognised by our Egyptian and Greek predecessors from as long ago as three and a half millennia. Two further issues, the management of visitor experiences and the impacts of tourism on the areas' cultures and residents, although recognised previously, are identified as apparently being of recent concern.
EMPHYSEMA AND PROTEINURIA IN MEN CASTING COPPER-CADMIUM ALLOYS

Diseases of occupational origin occur as acute or chronic illnesses. The former are usually dramatic and the connexion between symptoms and occupa tion is obvious. An insidious illness developing over many years and due to long exposure to small quantities of a poisonous substance may long go unrecognized as being of occupational origin. Since all the recorded cases of chronic cadmium poisoning had occurred among men employed in the alkaline accumulator industry, it was decided to investigate other industries where cadmium is used. This paper describes five cases of chronic cadmium poisoning and reports the results of an investigation of men employed at two factories in England where an alloy of copper and cadmium is manufactured. Because cadmium increases the wear and dura bility of copper without reducing significantly its electrical conductivity the alloy is used to replace pure copper for certain purposes. These include post-office telephone wires, high-tension electrical conductor cables, and overhead contact wire for electrically powered omnibuses and trains.
Gearing investments with uncertainty

Purpose - The purpose of this paper is to outline a method for evaluating gearing ratios when the loan rate and the rate of growth of the asset value are subject to severe uncertainty. Design/methodology/approach - Gearing ratios often are determined without any explicit methodology to deal with uncertainty. A simple system is designed that includes uncertainty in loan and growth rates and Wald's maximin criterion to evaluate options is used. The paper shows its numerical interpretation, provide a nomogram to facilitate its use, and link it to some recent decisions by listed companies. Findings - The method outlined here provides an explicit mechanism to consider uncertainties in rates that can guard against unanticipated fluctuations in the value of assets, providing a measure of robustness to uncertainty in investments. Practical implications - The method provides a platform for exploring uncertainties and their consequences and making tradeoffs among alternative investment strategies. Originality/value - A new method for dealing with uncertainty in gearing ratios will be valuable to investors considering both short- and long-term strategies. The importance of this approach is underlined by recent failures to anticipate market fluctuations and their implications.
HIV-1 Epitope-Specific CD8+ T Cell Responses Strongly Associated with Delayed Disease Progression Cross-Recognize Epitope Variants Efficiently1

The ability of HIV-1-specific CD8+ T cell responses to recognize epitope variants resulting from viral sequence variation in vivo may affect the ease with which HIV-1 can escape T cell control and impact on the rate of disease progression in HIV-1-infected humans. Here, we studied the functional cross-reactivity of CD8 responses to HIV-1 epitopes restricted by HLA class I alleles associated with differential prognosis of infection. We show that the epitope-specific responses exhibiting the most efficient cross-recognition of amino acid-substituted variants were those strongly associated with delayed progression to disease. Not all epitopes restricted by the same HLA class I allele showed similar variant cross-recognition efficiency, consistent with the hypothesis that the reported associations between particular HLA class I alleles and rate of disease progression may be due to the quality of responses to certain “critical” epitopes. Irrespective of their efficiency of functional cross-recognition, CD8+ T cells of all HIV-1 epitope specificities examined showed focused TCR usage. Furthermore, interpatient variability in variant cross-reactivity correlated well with use of different dominant TCR Vβ families, suggesting that flexibility is not conferred by the overall clonal breadth of the response but instead by properties of the dominant TCR(s) used for epitope recognition. A better understanding of the features of T cell responses associated with long-term control of viral replication should facilitate rational vaccine design.
“Push” versus “pull” entrepreneurship: an ambiguous distinction?

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to reassess whether individuals choose to become self‐employed for “pull” or “push” reasons, to discuss and describe ambiguities in this distinction, with focus on differences between men and women, and draw conclusions for further conceptual work.Design/methodology/approach – The paper reviews current literature, from which specific hypotheses are developed. For illustration and evaluation secondary analysis is undertaken of an existing large‐scale data source available in UK Quarterly Labour Force Surveys over the period 1999‐2001.Findings – It was found that 86 per cent state only a single reason for self‐employment. Response patterns differ significantly between men and women. Independence is the most commonly cited motivation but 22 per cent of women cite family commitments. “Push” motivations may account for as much as 48 per cent depending on interpretation. Men who report two or more factors tend to combine “pull” factors, but women tend to combine “push” wit.
Microeconometric models of investment and employment

We survey recent microeconometric research on investment and employment that has used panel data on individual firms or plants. We focus on model specification and econometric estimation issues, but we also review some of the main empirical findings. We discuss advantages and limitations of microeconomic data in this context. We briefly review the neoclassical theory of the demand for capital and labour, on which most of the econometric models of investment and employment that we consider are based. We pay particular attention to dynamic factor demand models, based on the assumption that there are costs of adjustment, which have played a prominent role especially in the microeconometric literature on investment. With adjustment costs, current choices depend on expectations of future conditions. We discuss the challenges that this raises for econometric model specification, and some of the solutions that have been adopted. We also discuss estimation issues that arise for dynamic factor demand equations in the context of micro panel data for firms or plants. We then discuss a number of topics that have been the focus of recent microeconometric research on investment and employment. In particular, we review the literatures on investment and financing constraints, relative price effects on investment and employment, investment and uncertainty, investment in research and development (R&D), elasticities of substitution and complementarity between technology, capital and skilled and unskilled labour, and recent work on models with non-convex adjustment costs.
Retail properties in Hong Kong: a rental analysis

Purpose - This paper seeks to explore the relationship between market positioning and rents of retail facilities in Hong Kong. Design/methodology/approach - Regression analysis is deployed in the paper to find out the impact of various attributes, in terms of a retail facility's physical characteristics, market positions, and location, on the annualized per-area net rental income. The sample data obtained from the initial public offerings of the Link real estate investment trust (REIT), one of the largest REITs in the world, is used for analysis. Findings - The study finds that district centers command the highest average rental levels, followed by local and estate centers. As the effects of positive externalities for unorganized shops are smaller, the average rental levels for shops are generally lower. In terms of the impact of individual attributes on rents, a retail property's age and its efficiency ratio have negative relationships with rents, while its size (in terms of gross floor area) and the amount of shops positively affect the facility's rental levels. Research limitations/implications - Although obtaining the largest possible dataset in the Link REIT portfolio for the study, the sample is not considered big enough to detect the impact of the location of a retail facility on its rental adjustments. Further studies are required with regard to this issue. Originality/value - The results of this study give planners and developers of retail facilities some insights about the effects of market positioning on a retail facility's performance on the leasing market.
Node Importance Evaluation in Wireless Sensor Networks based on Topology Contribution and Energy Efficiency

Node importance evaluation plays an important role in the reliability analysis and topology design of wireless sensor networks. Most of existing node importance evaluation methods does not consider the residual energy of nodes such that they are not suitable for wireless sensor networks (WSNs). In this paper, an integrate evaluation index based on topology contribution and energy efficient is proposed. The location of key nodes in the network can be determined by analyzing the importance of sensor nodes based on the proposed evaluation index. Furthermore, in order to improve the network survivability, the method of adding super nodes to protect key nodes in the network was studied. Simulation results show that we can determine the position of key nodes, prolong network lifetime and improve network survivability effectively based on the proposed evaluation index and evaluation method.
Corporate governance and social responsibility

Purpose – This paper aims to draw on the stakeholder theory to examine the association between corporate governance and social responsibility. Design/methodology/approach – This paper hypothesized that corporate governance is positively associated with corporate social responsibility (CSR), and good corporate governance also leads to good social responsibility in the following year. Corporate governance was measured by using the corporate governance index provided by Brown and Caylor (2006, 2009). CSR data come from Kinder, Lydenberg and Domini (KLD), Inc. Findings – Regression analysis documents significant evidence to support a positive association between corporate governance and social responsibility. Evidence suggests that good governance leads to good CSR performance. Originality/value – The results should interest managers who engage in behavior leading to or maintaining strong corporate governance mechanisms, financial analysts who conduct research on corporate governance and firm performance and .
Autism and normative sexual development: a narrative review.

AIMS AND OBJECTIVES To explore the existing knowledge on sexuality and autism spectrum disorders. To this end, the concept of normative sexual development was used as an organising framework. BACKGROUND Sexual health can be seen as a developmental task for all children, adolescents and adults. Core autism features are related with skills central to sexual development and functioning. More insight in sexual development in people with autism is relevant for education, support and interventions by parents and professionals in somatic and mental health care. METHODS A comprehensive search of scientific online databases and reference lists was conducted. Publications based on qualitative and quantitative research, including case studies, were selected. RESULTS Fifty-five articles and reports were selected and discussed. Information was grouped according to three domains: sexual behaviour, sexual selfhood and sexual socialisation. CONCLUSION Sexual development is a part of life for people with autism of all developmental levels and is generally understudied in this population. Most information was available on behavioural aspects and experiences of socialising agents, such as parents and professionals. Developmental processes and the relation between sexual behaviour, selfhood and socialisation remained unclear. RELEVANCE TO CLINICAL PRACTICE Nurses working in schools, institutions and general health care support children, adolescents and adults with autism and advice their families, teachers, other educators and caregivers on sexuality issues. They can have an important role in daily assessment and support of this developmental domain by actively enquiring about the different aspects of sexual development and by offering information. Our findings offer an overview on the existing knowledge and support the idea that sexual development is normative for people with autism just as for anybody else.
The National Guard: State versus National Control.

Beginning with the refusals by the Governors of California (January 1985) and Maine (March 1986) to deploy Guardsmen to Honduras for training exercises,1 considerable press coverage has been given to the issue of who controls the National Guard. The issue has since received additional publicity through the Montgomery Amendment2 to the Fiscal Year 1987 Department of Defense Authorization Act (which removed the authority of governors to veto training on the basis of location) and suits brought against the Department of Defense first by Minnesota Governor Rudy Perpich and later by Massachusetts Governor Michael Dukakis. In both suits the Governors unsuccessfully sought to overturn the Montgomery Amendment and retain the state's ability to veto training missions scheduled through the Department of the Army and the National Guard Bureau.3 Both decisions were appealed and the U.S. Court of Appeals ruled against Dukakis in October 1988.