Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Effects of Experimental Sleep Restriction on Weight Gain, Caloric Intake, and Meal Timing in Healthy Adults.

STUDY OBJECTIVES Examine sleep restriction's effects on weight gain, daily caloric intake, and meal timing. DESIGN Repeated-measures experiments assessing body weight at admittance and discharge in all subjects (N = 225) and caloric intake and meal timing across days following 2 baseline nights, 5 sleep restriction nights and 2 recovery nights or across days following control condition nights in a subset of subjects (n = 37). SETTING Controlled laboratory environment. PARTICIPANTS Two hundred twenty-five healthy adults aged 22-50 y (n = 198 sleep-restricted subjects; n = 31 with caloric intake data; n = 27 control subjects; n = 6 with caloric intake data). INTERVENTIONS Approximately 8-to-1 randomization to an experimental condition (including five consecutive nights of 4 h time in bed [TIB]/night, 04:00-08:00) or to a control condition (all nights 10 h TIB/night, 22:00-08:00). MEASUREMENTS AND RESULTS Sleep-restricted subjects gained more weight (0.97 ± 1.4 kg) than control subjects (0.11 ± 1.9 kg; d = 0.51, P = 0.007). Among sleep-restricted subjects, African Americans gained more weight than Caucasians (d = 0.37, P = 0.003) and males gained more weight than females (d = 0.38, P = 0.004). Sleep-restricted subjects consumed extra calories (130.0 ± 43.0% of daily caloric requirement) during days with a delayed bedtime (04:00) compared with control subjects who did not consume extra calories (100.6 ± 11.4%; d = 0.94, P = 0.003) during corresponding days. In sleep-restricted subjects, increased daily caloric intake was due to more meals and the consumption of 552.9 ± 265.8 additional calories between 22:00-03:59. The percentage of calories derived from fat was greater during late-night hours (22:00-03:59, 33.0 ± 0.08%) compared to daytime (08:00-14:59, 28.2 ± 0.05%) and evening hours (15:00-21:59, 29.4 ± 0.06%; Ps < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS In the largest, most diverse healthy sample studied to date under controlled laboratory conditions, sleep restriction promoted weight gain. Chronically sleep-restricted adults with late bedtimes may be more susceptible to weight gain due to greater daily caloric intake and the consumption of calories during late-night hours. CITATION Spaeth AM; Dinges DF; Goel N. Effects of experimental sleep restriction on weight gain, caloric intake, and meal timing in healthy adults. SLEEP 2013;36(7):981-990.
Selective pharmacological agents implicate mitochondrial but not sarcolemmal K(ATP) channels in ischemic cardioprotection.

BACKGROUND Pharmacological evidence has implicated ATP-sensitive K(+) (K(ATP)) channels as the effectors of cardioprotection, but the relative roles of mitochondrial (mitoK(ATP)) and sarcolemmal (surfaceK(ATP)) channels remain controversial. METHODS AND RESULTS We examined the effects of the K(ATP) channel blocker HMR1098 and the K(ATP) channel opener P-1075 on surfaceK(ATP) and mitoK(ATP) channels in rabbit ventricular myocytes. HMR1098 (30 micromol/L) inhibited the surfaceK(ATP) current activated by metabolic inhibition, whereas the drug did not blunt diazoxide (100 micromol/L)-induced flavoprotein oxidation, an index of mitoK(ATP) channel activity. P-1075 (30 micromol/L) did not increase flavoprotein oxidation but did elicit a robust surfaceK(ATP) current that was completely inhibited by HMR1098. These results indicate that HMR1098 selectively inhibits surfaceK(ATP) channels, whereas P-1075 selectively activates surface K(ATP) channels. In a cellular model of simulated ischemia, the mitoK(ATP) channel opener diazoxide (100 micromol/L), but not P-1075, blunted cellular injury. The cardioprotection afforded by diazoxide or by preconditioning was prevented by the mitoK(ATP) channel blocker 5-hydroxydecanoate (500 micromol/L) but not by the surfaceK(ATP) channel blocker HMR1098 (30 micromol/L). CONCLUSIONS The cellular effects of mitochondria- or surface-selective agents provide further support for the emerging consensus that mitoK(ATP) channels rather than surfaceK(ATP) channels are the likely effectors of cardioprotection.
Towards fair P2P auctions over MANETs

The emergence of new mobile and wireless networks offers opportunities to expand traditional Internet applications. At the same time peer-to-peer systems become widely deployed and allow users to obtain and provide resources in a stable, scalable and reliable manner. In this paper we consider the deployment of P2P auctions over ad hoc networks. We propose a communication architecture and a protocol to support this kind of auctions. We address fairness and define two time durations: Tregister (a fair registration duration) and Tfair (a fair round duration). We show by simulation that Tfair depends on the density of the network and on the number of nodes. We also show that the proposed protocol requires multicast and is not affected by other applicationspsila traffic.
18F-FDG PET/CT for Diagnosis of Osteosclerotic and Osteolytic Vertebral Metastatic Lesions: Comparison with Bone Scintigraphy

Study Design A retrospective study. Purpose The aims of this study were to investigate the diagnostic value of 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG) positron emission tomography (PET) in PET/computed tomography (CT) in the evaluation of spinal metastatic lesions. Overview of Literature Recent studies described limitations regarding how many lesions with abnormal 18F-FDG PET findings in the bone show corresponding morphologic abnormalities. Methods The subjects for this retrospective study were 227 patients with primary malignant tumors, who were suspected of having spinal metastases. They underwent combined whole-body 18F-FDG PET/CT scanning for evaluation of known neoplasms in the whole spine. 99mTc-methylene diphosphonate bone scan was performed within 2 weeks following PET/CT examinations. The final diagnosis of spinal metastasis was established by histopathological examination regarding bone biopsy or magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) findings, and follow-up MRI, CT and 18F-FDG PET for extensively wide lesions with subsequent progression. Results From a total of 504 spinal lesions in 227 patients, 224 lesions showed discordant image findings. For 122 metastatic lesions with confirmed diagnosis, the sensitivity/specificity of bone scan and FDG PET were 84%/21% and 89%/76%, respectively. In 102 true-positive metastatic lesions, the bone scan depicted predominantly osteosclerotic changes in 36% and osteolytic changes in 19%. In 109 true-positive lesions of FDG PET, osteolytic changes were depicted predominantly in 38% while osteosclerotic changes were portrayed in 15%. Conclusions 18F-FDG PET in PET/CT could be used as a substitute for bone scan in the evaluation of spinal metastasis, especially for patients with spinal osteolytic lesions on CT.
Extraction of seismic wavelet based on optimal filtering in Fractional Fourier domain

Accurate estimation of seismic wavelet is very important to high-resolution, high-signal-noise ratio and high fidelity petroleum exploration and production data procession. As we known, the underground strata information changes as the depth changes. So it is a time-varying system. Obviously, it's not accurate enough to describe it with the linear time-invariant system. Fractional Fourier transform is suitable for non-stationary signal filtering, and the wavelet extraction can be transformed into the optimal filtering problem in fractional Fourier domain. This paper proposes a novel seismic wavelet extraction algorithm in fractional Fourier domain and seek the optimal filter which minimize the mean square error of the estimate and the true wavelet. The optimal order is found by searching in the range of [-1, 1] in the fractional domain by step 1/200. Finally, we prove the effectiveness of this algorithm by series of experiments and extract seismic wavelet quickly and accurately.
Dynamics formulation and motion control of a planar parallel manipulator

This paper is devoted to dynamic formulation and motion control of a planar PRP parallel robot. Three intersecting rod comprises the manipulator of the mechanism which are fixed to each other and are coupled pivotedly to linear guides at the free ends. by actuating any of the linear guides along the sides of a triangle individually, the planar motion of the manipulator is provided. At first the kinematic and dynamic formulation of the mechanism is extracted in a closed form, which is of great interest in control applications. Based on the dynamic model, a computed torque control scheme is applied for the motion control of the robot. To analyze the performance of the controller it is implemented on a model of the mechanism made on simulation software for a predefined trajectory. The results of the motion tracking indicates the suitable performance of the implemented control scheme.
Vertical ray shooting for fat objects

We describe a data structure for vertical ray shooting in a set of n convex fat polyhedra of constant complexity in 3-space. The structure has O(log2 n) query time, and it uses O(n log3 n(log log n)2) storage. It can also be used for fat objects with curved boundaries, at the cost of a small increase in storage.
Heterotopic Shift of Epithelial-Mesenchymal Interactions in Vertebrate Jaw Evolution

Genes involved in late specification of the mandibular arch, the source of the vertebrate jaw, are expressed with similar patterns in the oral regions of chick and lamprey embryos. However, morphological comparisons indicate that apparently orthologous homeobox genes were expressed in different subdivisions of the ectomesenchyme in the two species. Therefore, the homology and gene expression of the oral region are uncoupled during the transition from agnathan to gnathostome; we conclude that a heterotopic shift of tissue interaction was involved in the evolution of the jaw.
Golgi and vacuolar membrane proteins reach the vacuole in vps1 mutant yeast cells via the plasma membrane

The Vps1 protein of Saccharomyces cerevisiae is an 80-kD GTPase associated with the Golgi apparatus. Vps1p appears to play a direct role in the retention of late Golgi membrane proteins, which are mislocalized to the vacuolar membrane in its absence. The pathway by which late Golgi and vacuolar membrane proteins reach the vacuole in vps1 delta mutants was investigated by analyzing transport of these proteins in vps1 delta cells that also contained temperature sensitive mutations in either the SEC4 or END4 genes, which are required for a late step in secretion and the internalization step of endocytosis, respectively. Not only was vacuolar transport of a Golgi membrane protein blocked in the vps1 delta sec4-ts and vps1 delta end4-ts double mutant cells at the non-permissive temperature but vacuolar delivery of the vacuolar membrane protein, alkaline phosphatase was also blocked in these cells. Moreover, both proteins expressed in the vps1 delta end4- ts cells at the elevated temperature could be detected on the plasma membrane by a protease digestion assay indicating that these proteins are transported to the vacuole via the plasma membrane in vps1 mutant cells. These data strongly suggest that a loss of Vps1p function causes all membrane traffic departing from the late Golgi normally destined for the prevacuolar compartment to instead be diverted to the plasma membrane. We propose a model in which Vps1p is required for formation of vesicles from the late Golgi apparatus that carry vacuolar and Golgi membrane proteins bound for the prevacuolar compartment.
Mental health services for adults with learning disabilities

Services for people with learning disabilities have been transformed since the late 1960s by the move from institutional to community care. (Learning disabilities is the term currently used in the UK in preference to mental retardation, developmental disabilities and mental handicap.) Important changes include the progress towards integration, participation, inclusion and choice for people with learning disabilities, which have occurred in the context of the broader civil and human rights movements. It is time to examine the services delivered to people with learning disabilities and comorbid psychiatric disorders (mental illness, personality disorders, behavioural problems with aggression) and the evidence for their effectiveness.
Lyapunov Equations, Energy Functionals, and Model Order Reduction of Bilinear and Stochastic Systems

We discuss the relation of a certain type of generalized Lyapunov equations to Gramians of stochastic and bilinear systems together with the corresponding energy functionals. While Gramians and energy functionals of stochastic linear systems show a strong correspondence to the analogous objects for deterministic linear systems, the relation of Gramians and energy functionals for bilinear systems is less obvious. We discuss results from the literature for the latter problem and provide new characterizations of input and output energies of bilinear systems in terms of algebraic Gramians satisfying generalized Lyapunov equations. In any of the considered cases, the definition of algebraic Gramians allows us to compute balancing transformations and implies model reduction methods analogous to balanced truncation for linear deterministic systems. We illustrate the performance of these model reduction methods by showing numerical experiments for different bilinear systems.
Design of a micromanipulator based on miniature LINAPOD

Benchtop test is shown in Fig.2. This miniature LINAPOD consists of 6 SQUIGGLE motors. It functions as shaft with drive assemblies which contains miniature bearings. This manipulator is implemented by rapid prototyping. Six equivalent actuations in motors can generate pure longitudinal motion. As a result, this shows 6-DOF motions of the tool which can be helpful for microsurgery.
Näıve Bayes Text Classification : A Statistical Natural Language Processing Project

Näıve Bayes is surprisingly good at document classification. The fact that good accuracy can be obtained from a simple bag of words model is interesting, and seems to be a good fit for the filtering of adult content on the web. That web filtering is interesting in general is well known [1]. Documents with “adult” content (really not even fit for adults) often contain terms which are good indicators by themselves, making Näıve Bayes an obvious choice. This document explores the performance of Näıve Bayes as such a classifier, using a large set of volunteer-provided data.
Synthesizable Vhdl Code Generation from Data Flow Graph

This paper discusses how we generate a VHDL code for a DSP application described in a data ow graph(DFG). Because the generated VHDL code contains only synthesizable constructs and implements details of control logics we can easily transform it into a running hardware module using logic synthesis tools. This facility is very useful for DFG based high level system design tools including our codesign framework PeaCE (Ptolemy extension as Codesign Environment). 1 Introduction In this several years HDLs have gained considerable popularity because they provide hardware designers with software-like development process and help them to complete complex chip design projects successfully. While HDL still plays very important role in system design, there is also increasing need for easier and more intuitive method for system description. Moreover, emerging approaches for high level system design are requiring speciication method of higher level of abstraction than HDL which are biased to hardware model. Among many candidates of higher level speciication methods , data ow graph(DFG) has some attractive merits such as intuitiveness and readability. Many high level system design approaches adopt DFG as system speciication method instead of HDL 1] 2] 3]. Our codesign environment PeaCE (Ptolemy extension as Codesign Environment) which is being developed in Seoul National University also uses a DFG along with VHDL 3]. While we design a digital system based on a DFG representation , we need to generate HDL codes for simulation or synthesis. During simulation stage, because designers are concerned with operation in higher abstraction level, HDL codes can be free from many details of a real system. But the situation is quite diierent in stage of synthesis. Such as register initialization and appropriate clocking should be im
VALIDATING PORTABILITY OF STEP-NC TOOL CENTER PROGRAMMING

A joint effort between Boeing and the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) was undertaken for validating and evaluating STEP AP238 (STEP-NC) Conformance Class 1 (CC1) for 5-axis machining. STEP-NC is a new manufacturing standard to support “design anywhere, build anywhere, and support anywhere. ” The joint Boeing/NIST validation intended to prove that five-Axis AP-238 programs with tool center programming (TCP), as opposed to that of axis movement data, are portable. Current RS274 “G code” part programs that use axis movement data are bound to a single CNC, are ineffective on different machine tools, and cannot be used for the exchange of information between process planning, work preparation, tooling, and other production processes. All of these obstacles add considerable time and cost to the production life cycle of a machine part. This paper discusses the joint Boeing/NIST STEP-NC TCP validation work. The major findings were that STEP-NC TCP geometrical data is portable across different 5-axis configuration CNCs. This came with a caveat, that although CNC programs can be “data-neutral”, they are not necessarily “process-neutral”. Copyright © 2005 by ASME
Acute &bgr;-Adrenergic Blockade Increases Aortic Wave Reflection in Young Men and Women: Differing Mechanisms Between Sexes

Acute &bgr;-adrenergic blockade increases aortic wave reflection; however, the mechanisms remain unclear. Evidence suggests that &bgr;-adrenergic receptor sensitivity in the peripheral vasculature differs between sexes. Therefore, the goal of this study was to examine whether &bgr;-adrenergic blockade alters aortic wave reflection to a similar extent in young men and women. In 31 subjects (16 men and 15 women; 26±1 years) noninvasive aortic pressure waveforms were synthesized from high-fidelity radial pressure waveforms via applanation tonometry before and during systemic &bgr;-blockade (0.25 mg/kg bolus, followed by 0.004 mg/kg per minute of continuous infusion of propranolol). &bgr;-Blockade increased aortic augmentation index and wave reflection amplitude (aortic augmented pressure) in both sexes (P<0.01). Although the increase in augmentation index was not significantly different between sexes (7.5±1.1% versus 4.6±1.5%; P=0.07), the increase in aortic augmented pressure was greater in women compared with men (2.8±0.5 versus 1.4±0.5 mm Hg; P<0.05). Aortic augmentation index adjusted for a heart rate of 75 bp increased in women (4.1±1.1%; P<0.05) after &bgr;-blockade, whereas it was unchanged in men (0.6±1.3%; P=0.33). Moreover, the change in aortic augmentation index was inversely associated with the change in heart rate only in men (r=−0.54; P<0.05). Our data suggest that aortic wave reflection is increased to a greater extent in women after systemic &bgr;-blockade, and enhanced aortic wave reflection appears to be mediated by a reduced heart rate in men, whereas the mechanism is unclear in women.
Markov bases for decomposable graphical models

We show that primitive data swaps or moves are the only moves that have to be included in a Markov basis that links all the contingency tables having a set of fixed marginals when this set of marginals induces a decomposable independence graph. We give formulae that fully identify such Markov bases and show how to use these formulae to dynamically generate random moves.
Artefact-Free Imaging by a Revised Marchenko Scheme

Summary A revised Marchenko scheme that avoids the need to compute the Green’s function is presented for artefact-free image of the subsurface with single-sided reflection response as input. The initial downgoing Green’s function which can be modelled from a macro model is needed for solving the revised Marchenko equations instead of its inverse. The retrieved upgoing focusing function can be correlated with the modelled initial downgoing Green’s function to image the medium without artefacts. The numerical example shows the effectiveness of the revised scheme in a 2D layered case.
The DotL Protein, a Member of the TraG-Coupling Protein Family, Is Essential for Viability of Legionella pneumophila Strain Lp02

ABSTRACT Legionella pneumophila is able to survive inside phagocytic cells by an internalization route that bypasses fusion of the nascent phagosome with the endocytic pathway to allow formation of a replicative phagosome. The dot/icm genes, a major virulence system of L. pneumophila, encode a type IVB secretion system that is required for intracellular growth. One Dot protein, DotL, has sequence similarity to type IV secretion system coupling proteins (T4CPs). In other systems, coupling proteins are not required for viability of the organism. Here we report the first example of a strain, L. pneumophila Lp02, in which a putative T4CP is essential for viability of the organism on bacteriological media. This result is particularly surprising since the majority of the dot/icm genes in Lp02 are dispensable for growth outside of a host cell, a condition that does not require a functional Dot/Icm secretion complex. We were able to isolate suppressors of the ΔdotL lethality and found that many contained mutations in other components of the Dot/Icm secretion system. A systematic analysis of dot/icm deletion mutants revealed that the majority of them (20 of 26) suppressed the lethality phenotype, indicating a partially assembled secretion system may be the source of ΔdotL toxicity in the wild-type strain. These results are consistent with a model in which the DotL protein plays a role in regulating the activity of the L. pneumophila type IV secretion apparatus.
Assessing effects of input uncertainty in structural landscape classification

This paper presents the results of a study aimed at assessing the effects of input uncertainty on the outcome of a raster-based model for structural landscape classification. The model uses a DEM and a land-cover map as input, and calculates four structural indices from these data. The first two indices determine the openness of the landscape, the other two determine the degree of landscape homogeneity. By combining both aspects, nine different landscape types are defined. Applying Monte Carlo simulation, the effect of DEM error, uncertainty in land-cover classification, and the combined effect of both sources of uncertainty on the outcome of the landscape model are assessed. Special attention is paid to the spatial structure of uncertainty in both data sources.
Genome-association analysis of Korean Holstein milk traits using genomic estimated breeding value

Objective Holsteins are known as the world’s highest-milk producing dairy cattle. The purpose of this study was to identify genetic regions strongly associated with milk traits (milk production, fat, and protein) using Korean Holstein data. Methods This study was performed using single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) chip data (Illumina BovineSNP50 Beadchip) of 911 Korean Holstein individuals. We inferred each genomic estimated breeding values based on best linear unbiased prediction (BLUP) and ridge regression using BLUPF90 and R. We then performed a genome-wide association study and identified genetic regions related to milk traits. Results We identified 9, 6, and 17 significant genetic regions related to milk production, fat and protein, respectively. These genes are newly reported in the genetic association with milk traits of Holstein. Conclusion This study complements a recent Holstein genome-wide association studies that identified other SNPs and genes as the most significant variants. These results will help to expand the knowledge of the polygenic nature of milk production in Holsteins.