Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
/spl eta/k-nearest neighbor algorithm for estimation of symbolic user location in pervasive computing environments

The paper introduces a novel algorithm for the location-awareness problem of estimating symbolic user location for indoor spaces using IEEE 802.11 (Wi-Fi) wireless signals. The characteristic of the problem is that the signals fluctuate greatly, not only across perturbations in space, but also in time (diurnally), which leads to poor location estimation. The /spl eta/k-nearest neighbour (/spl eta/k-NN) algorithm is an instance-based learning algorithm which normalizes the sample data set of the Wi-Fi signal strength and signal quality to achieve the maximum correct result of symbolic user location at a room scale. Data normalization is found to play an important role in determining the quality of the training data-set which has direct impact on the estimation result. The algorithm has been compared to other k-nearest neighbour (k-NN) and shows promising results.
Setting Up and Simulation of SUV Full Vehicle Handling Stability Based on Multibody Dynamics

Using multi-body dynamics technique, a full vehicle multi-body model for a SUV type is set up with ADAMS. A full vehicle handling stability is simulated and analyzed. A back suspension model which is able to describe its elastic deformation is established by the BEAM principle. According to three estimation methods of the open-loop model handling stability, a handling stability simulation is carried out in ADAMS. Simulation for step input in steering wheel, simulation and analysis of stable revolution are performed. The profitable conclusion is obtained. The simulation result indicates that the full vehicle multi-body model has a higher accuracy.
ROBUST H ∞ RELIABLE CONTROL FOR A CLASS OF SWITCHED NONLINEAR SYSTEMS WITH TIME DELAY

This paper investigates the robust H∞ reliable control for a class of uncertain switched nonlinear systems with time delay. Firstly, a criterion of exponential stability with H∞ performance for switched nonlinear systems with time delay is proposed. Then, a design methodology of the robust H∞ reliable control for switched nonlinear systems with time delay and parameter uncertainties is presented. The proposed state feedback controller, which can guarantee exponential stability of the resulting closed-loop system, can be obtained using a set of linear matrix inequalities (LMIs). Finally, a numerical example is given to illustrate the effectiveness of the proposed approach.
Competition between Na(+) and Li(+) for unsealed and cytoskeleton-depleted human red blood cell membrane: a (23)Na multiple quantum filtered and (7)Li NMR relaxation study.

Evidence for competition between Li(+) and Na(+) for binding sites of human unsealed and cytoskeleton-depleted human red blood cell (csdRBC) membranes was obtained from the effect of added Li(+) upon the (23)Na double quantum filtered (DQF) and triple quantum filtered (TQF) NMR signals of Na(+)-containing red blood cell (RBC) membrane suspensions. We found that, at low ionic strength, the observed quenching effect of Li(+) on the (23)Na TQF and DQF signal intensity probed Li(+)/Na(+) competition for isotropic binding sites only. Membrane cytoskeleton depletion significantly decreased the isotropic signal intensity, strongly affecting the binding of Na(+) to isotropic membrane sites, but had no effect on Li(+)/Na(+) competition for those sites. Through the observed (23)Na DQF NMR spectra, which allow probing of both isotropic and anisotropic Na(+) motion, we found anisotropic membrane binding sites for Na(+) when the total ionic strength was higher than 40 mM. This is a consequence of ionic strength effects on the conformation of the cytoskeleton, in particular on the dimer-tetramer equilibrium of spectrin. The determinant involvement of the cytoskeleton in the anisotropy of Na(+) motion at the membrane surface was demonstrated by the isotropy of the DQF spectra of csdRBC membranes even at high ionic strength. Li(+) addition initially quenched the isotropic signal the most, indicating preferential Li(+)/Na(+) competition for the isotropic membrane sites. High ionic strength also increased the intensity of the anisotropic signal, due to its effect on the restructuring of the membrane cytoskeleton. Further Li(+) addition competed with Na(+) for those sites, quenching the anisotropic signal. (7)Li T(1) relaxation data for Li(+)-containing suspensions of unsealed and csdRBC membranes, in the absence and presence of Na(+) at low ionic strength, showed that cytoskeleton depletion does not affect the affinity of Na(+) for the RBC membrane, but increases the affinity of Li(+) by 50%. This clearly indicates that cytoskeleton depletion favors Li(+) relative to Na(+) binding, and thus Li(+)/Na(+) competition for its isotropic sites. Thus, this relaxation technique proves to be very sensitive to alkali metal binding to the membrane, detecting a more pronounced steric hindrance effect of the cytoskeleton network to binding of the larger hydrated Li(+) ion to the membrane phosphate groups.
Identify individuals behaviors based GPS trajectories in the Internet of Things

Nowadays, with rapid development of technology, Internet, mobile Internet, Internet of things and sensor network, cyberspace has expanded to a ubiquitous space of human beings, machines and Internet of things. The location of people is one of the most important feature in the Internet of things (IOTs). Therefore, we focus on identifying individuals behaviors based on their GPS trajectories to support IoTs applications. Firstly, we propose a transform method that transforms a GPS trajectory into a sequence of POI (points of interest) based on the spatial and temporal property of GPS points to compress information effectively. Then, we implement a novel periodic-frequent POI sets mining method to discover the POI sets which are not only occurring frequently, but also appearing periodically. Finally, experimental results show the efficiency and stability of the algorithm.
PDP and GSDL: a new service discovery middleware to support spontaneous interactions in pervasive systems

In pervasive computing environments, mobile devices communicate via wireless links without requiring any fixed infrastructure. These devices must be able to discover and share services dynamically. In this paper, we propose a new service discovery middleware specifically designed for this kind of environments. This middleware is composed of a service discovery protocol, Pervasive Discovery Protocol (PDP), and a service description language, Generic Service Description Language (GSDL). PDP is a fully distributed protocol that merges characteristics of both pull and push solutions; it reduces power consumption of the most limited devices. GSDL is an XML based markup language that uses a hierarchical service description designed taking into account the specific requirements of pervasive environments.
Topoisomerase II Drug-induced DNA Cleavage and Low Levels of DNA Resistance of Human Leukemic and Normal Lymphocytes to Updated Version

Adriamycin, amsacrine, and etoposide produce protein-associated DNA breaks in numerous cell types. However, in vitro exposure to Adriamycin (0.1-50.0 fig/ml) resulted in no detectable DNA cleavage in lymphocytes from patients with B-cell chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) or in either Bor T-lymphocytes from normal donors. In contrast, DNA cleavage was observed in T-cells from CLL patients. Exposure to amsacrine or etoposide caused at least 50-fold less DNA cleavage in CLL and normal lymphocytes as compared to 1,1210 cells. These findings cannot be accounted for by differences in drug uptake. An attempt was made to explain the relative resistance of human lymphocytes to drug-induced DNA cleavage. DNA topoisomerase II, an intracellular target of tested drugs, was assayed in CLL and normal human blood lymphocytes by immunoblotting. The enzyme was detected neither in unfractionated lymphocytes nor in the enriched Band T-cells from 28 untreated patients with CLL (Stage 0-1V) and from seven normal donors. Exponentially growing L1210 cells had approximately 7 x 10s enzyme copies per cell, suggesting a 100-fold higher content than that of CLL or normal lymphocytes. There were, however, detectable levels of DNA topoisomerase II in cells obtained from patients with diffuse histiocytic, nodular poorly differentiated and nodular mixed lymphomas, in Burkitt's lymphoma, acute lymphoblastic leukemia and CLL with prolymphocytic transformation. DNA topoisomerase I, a potential target for anticancer chemotherapy, was detectable in CLL and normal lympho cytes, as well as in cells of other malignancies tested. The above results may offer an explanation for the ineffectiveness of Adriamycin in the treatment of CLL. It could be suggested that low levels of DNA topoisomerase II contribute to drug resistance operating in human malignancies with a large compartment of nonproliferating cells.
2 2 N ov 2 00 4 On dispersionless BKP hierarchy and its reductions

Integrable dispersionless Kadomtsev-Petviashvili (KP) hierarchy of B type is considered. Addition formula for the τ -function and conformally invariant equations for the dispersionless BKP (dBKP) hierarchy are derived. Symmetry constraints for the dBKP hierarchy are studied.
Speckle Noise Removal Using Contourlets

Speckle noise affects all coherent imaging systems including medical ultrasound. In medical images, noise suppression is a particularly delicate and difficult task. A trade off between noise reduction and the preservation of actual image features has to be made in a way that enhances the diagnostically relevant image content. Even though wavelets have been extensively used for denoising speckle images, we found that denoising using Contourlets gives much better performance in terms of SNR. It is shown that the proposed speckle noise removal using contourlets has superior performance in both the speckle reduction and edge preservation. We compare our technique with current state-of-the-art wavelet thresholding method applied on actual ultrasound medical images and we quantify the achieved performance improvement.
Research Priorities on the Relationship between Wasting and Stunting

Background Wasting and stunting are global public health problems that frequently co-exist. However, they are usually separated in terms of policy, guidance, programming and financing. Though both wasting and stunting are manifestations of undernutrition caused by disease and poor diet, there are critical gaps in our understanding of the physiological relationship between them, and how interventions for one may affect the other. The aim of this exercise was to establish research priorities in the relationships between wasting and stunting to guide future research investments. Methods and Findings We used the CHNRI (Child Health and Nutrition Research Initiative) methodology for setting research priorities in health. We utilised a group of experts in nutrition, growth and child health to prioritise 30 research questions against three criteria (answerability, usefulness and impact) using an online survey. Eighteen of 25 (72%) experts took part and prioritised research directly related to programming, particularly at the public health level. The highest-rated questions were: “Can interventions outside of the 1000 days, e.g. pre-school, school age and adolescence, lead to catch-up in height and in other developmental markers? ”; “What timely interventions work to mitigate seasonal peaks in both wasting and stunting? ”; and “What is the optimal formulation of ready-to-use foods to promote optimal ponderal growth and also support linear growth during and after recovery from severe acute malnutrition? ” There was a high level of agreement between experts, particularly for the highest ranking questions. Conclusions Increased commitment to rigorous evaluations of treatment and prevention interventions at the public health level, addressing questions of the timing of intervention, and the extent to which impacts for both wasting and stunting can be achieved, is needed to inform global efforts to tackle undernutrition and its consequences.
O-CTP: Hybrid opportunistic collection tree protocol for Wireless Sensor Networks

Radio interference or deliberate jamming attacks can cause highly unpredictable communication in Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs). Most prevalent WSN platforms consist of low-cost hardware with no effective measures against these threats. Most proposed countermeasures require a more advanced hardware design or radical changes to the 802.15. 4 MAC protocol. These alternatives can be very difficult or even impossible to apply to existing WSN designs. In this paper we do not attempt to change the hardware or the MAC protocol. Instead we investigate how WSN routing protocols behave when the network is affected by interference. The paper proposes enhancements of CTP, the de-facto tree-based routing protocol for WSN, using opportunistic routing. We compare our approach with a wide range of protocols: CTP, TYMO, MultihopLQI, broadcast and geographic opportunistic routing in a real-life TelosB testbed subjected to different interference levels. The results show that our hybrid protocol, O-CTP, both improves the data delivery rate and reduces the cost when compared to standard routing protocols.
Towards human-computer music interaction: Evaluation of an affectively-driven music generator via galvanic skin response measures

An affectively driven music generation system is described and evaluated. The system is developed for the intended eventual use in human-computer interaction systems such as brain-computer music interfaces. It is evaluated for its ability to induce changes in a listeners affective state. The affectively-driven algorithmic composition system was used to generate a stimulus set covering 9 discrete sectors of a 2-dimensional affective space by means of a 16 channel feedforward artificial neural network. This system was used to generate 90 short pieces of music with specific affective intentions, 10 stimuli for each of the 9 sectors in the affective space. These pieces were played to 20 healthy participants, and it was observed that the music generation system induced the intended affective states in the participants. This is further verified by inspecting the galvanic skin response recorded from participants.
A class of 1-generator quasi-cyclic codes

If R = F/sub q/[x/spl rceil/]/(x/sup m/ - 1), S = F/sub qn/[x]/(x/sup m/ - 1), we define the mapping a_(x) /spl rarr/ A(x) =/spl sigma//sub 0//sup n-1/a/sub i/(x)/spl alpha//sub i/ from R/sup n/ onto S, where (/spl alpha//sub 0/, /spl alpha//sub i/,., /spl alpha//sub n-1/) is a basis for F/sub qn/ over F/sub q/. This carries the q-ray 1-generator quasicyclic (QC) code R a_(x) onto the code RA(x) in S whose parity-check polynomial (p.c.p.) is defined as the monic polynomial h(x) over F/sub q/ of least degree such that h(x)A(x) = 0. In the special case, where gcd(q, m) = 1 and where the prime factorizations of x/sub m/ 1 over F/sub q/ and F/sub qn/ are the same we show that there exists a one-to-one correspondence between the q-ary 1-generator quasis-cyclic codes with p.c. p. h(x) and the elements of the factor group J* /I* where J is the ideal in S with p.c. p. h(x) and I the corresponding quantity in R. We then describe an algorithm for generating the elements of J*/I*. Next, we show that if we choose a normal basis for F/sub qn/ over F/sub q/, then we can modify the aforementioned algorithm to eliminate a certain number of equivalent codes, thereby rending the algorithm more attractive from a computational point of view. Finally in Section IV, we show how to modify the above algorithm in order to generate all the binary self-dual 1-generator QC codes.
How Little Do We Need for 3-D Shape Perception?

How little do we need to perceive 3-D shape in monocular natural images? The shape-from-texture and shape-from-shading perspectives would motivate that 3-D perception vanishes once low-level cues are disrupted. Is this the case in human vision? Or can top – down influences salvage the percept? In this study we probe this question by employing a gauge-figure paradigm similar to that used by Koenderink et al (1992, Perception & Psychophysics 52 487 – 496). Subjects were presented degraded natural images and instructed to make local assessments of slant and tilt at various locations thereby quantifying their internal 3-D percept. Analysis of subjects' responses reveals recognition to be a significant influence thereby allowing subjects to perceive 3-D shape at high levels of degradation. Specifically, we identify the ‘medium-blur’ condition, images approximately 32 pixels on a side, to be the limit for accurate 3-D shape perception. In addition, we find that degradation affects the perceived slant of point-estimates making images look flatter as degradation increases. A subsequent condition that eliminates texture and shading but preserves contour and recognition reveals how bottom – up and top – down cues can combine for accurate 3-D shape perception.
Hydroimidazolone Modification of the Conserved Arg12 in Small Heat Shock Proteins: Studies on the Structure and Chaperone Function Using Mutant Mimics

Methylglyoxal (MGO) is an α-dicarbonyl compound present ubiquitously in the human body. MGO reacts with arginine residues in proteins and forms adducts such as hydroimidazolone and argpyrimidine in vivo. Previously, we showed that MGO-mediated modification of αA-crystallin increased its chaperone function. We identified MGO-modified arginine residues in αA-crystallin and found that replacing such arginine residues with alanine residues mimicked the effects of MGO on the chaperone function. Arginine 12 (R12) is a conserved amino acid residue in Hsp27 as well as αA- and αB-crystallin. When treated with MGO at or near physiological concentrations (2–10 µM), R12 was modified to hydroimidazolone in all three small heat shock proteins. In this study, we determined the effect of arginine substitution with alanine at position 12 (R12A to mimic MGO modification) on the structure and chaperone function of these proteins. Among the three proteins, the R12A mutation improved the chaperone function of only αA-crystallin. This enhancement in the chaperone function was accompanied by subtle changes in the tertiary structure, which increased the thermodynamic stability of αA-crystallin. This mutation induced the exposure of additional client protein binding sites on αA-crystallin. Altogether, our data suggest that MGO-modification of the conserved R12 in αA-crystallin to hydroimidazolone may play an important role in reducing protein aggregation in the lens during aging and cataract formation.
TECHNOLOGY Efficient EDDR Architecture for Motion Estimation in Advanced Video Coding Systems

Motion estimation algorithms are used in various video coding systems. With the advent of VLSI technology, a large collection of processing elemen ts can be assembled to achieve high-speed computati on economically, While focusing on the testing of ME i n a video coding system, this work presents an erro r detection and data recovery (EDDR) design, based on the resi due-and-quotient (RQ) code, to embed into ME for video coding testing applications. this paper describes a novel testing scheme of motion estimation. The key part of this scheme is to offer high reliability for motion esti mation architecture. The experimental result shows the design achieve 100% fault coverage. And, the main advantages of this scheme are minimal performance degradati on, small cost of hardware overhead and the benefit of throug hput at-speed testing.
Water and chlorine content in the Martian soil along the first 1900 m of the Curiosity rover traverse as estimated by the DAN instrument

The presence of hydrated phases in the soil and near‐surface bedrock of Gale Crater is thought to be direct evidence for water‐rock interaction in the crater in the ancient past. Layered sediments over the Gale Crater floor are thought to have formed in past epochs due to sediment transport, accumulation, and cementation through interaction with fluids, and the observed strata of water‐bearing minerals record the history of these episodes. The first data analysis of the Dynamic Albedo of Neutrons (DAN) investigation on board the Curiosity rover is presented for 154 individual points of active mode measurements along 1900 m of the traverse over the first 361 Martian solar days in Gale crater. It is found that a model of constant water content within subsurface should be rejected for practically all tested points, whereas a two‐layer model with different water contents in each layer is supported by the data. A so‐called direct two‐layer model (water content increasing with depth) yields acceptable fits for odometry ranges between 0 and 455 m and beyond 638 m. The mean water (H2O) abundances of the top and bottom layers vary from 1.5 to 1.7 wt % and from 2.2 to 3.3 wt %, respectively, while at some tested spots the water content is estimated to be as high as ~5 wt %. The data for odometry range 455–638 m support an inverse two‐layer model (water content decreasing with depth), with an estimated mean water abundance of 2.1 ± 0.1 wt % and 1.4 ± 0.04 wt % in the top and bottom layers, respectively.
Grained Network for Leakage power Optimization in FPGA Controlled Devices

Background: The continual scaling requirements on supply and threshold voltages pose several technology and circuit design challenges, power consumption is an important criteria to be considered. Among the total power consumption in FPGA device leakage power contribute the major value of it. Objective: we address a lookup table based fine-grain power gating technique to be implemented in FPGA controlled device. The proposed method can directly detect the activity of each look-up-table easily by exploiting features of asynchronous architectures and introduces a common look-up-table for particular number of logic blocks directly connected to the local leaf node. Results: The proposed method is simulated in M-power simulation tool considering 4 leaf node logic blocks and H-tree topology for routing is utilized to reduce the total area overhead. By reducing the number of activity driven logic block the amount of leakage power consumption is reduced around 45%-50% Conclusion: Compared to power model analysis of conventional logic blocks our proposed method indicates better reduction in leakage power and delay, this provides the effective utilization of FPGA devices.
Lung cancer mortality in the Mayo Lung Project: impact of extended follow-up.

BACKGROUND The Mayo Lung Project (MLP) was a randomized, controlled clinical trial of lung cancer screening that was conducted in 9211 male smokers between 1971 and 1983. The intervention arm was offered chest x-ray and sputum cytology every 4 months for 6 years; the usual-care arm was advised at trial entry to receive the same tests annually. No lung cancer mortality benefit was evident at the end of the study. We have extended follow-up through 1996. METHODS A National Death Index-PLUS search was used to assign vital status and date and cause of death for 6523 participants with unknown information. The median survival for lung cancer patients diagnosed before July 1, 1983, was calculated by use of Kaplan-Meier estimates. Survival curves were compared with the log-rank test. RESULTS The median follow-up time was 20.5 years. Lung cancer mortality was 4.4 (95% confidence interval [CI] = 3.9-4.9) deaths per 1000 person-years in the intervention arm and 3.9 (95% CI = 3.5-4.4) in the usual-care arm (two-sided P: for difference =.09). For participants diagnosed with lung cancer before July 1, 1983, survival was better in the intervention arm (two-sided P: =.0039). The median survival for patients with resected early-stage disease was 16.0 years in the intervention arm versus 5.0 years in the usual-care arm. CONCLUSIONS Extended follow-up of MLP participants did not reveal a lung cancer mortality reduction for the intervention arm. Similar mortality but better survival for individuals in the intervention arm indicates that some lesions with limited clinical relevance may have been identified in the intervention arm.