Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Gaussian model selection with an unknown variance

Let Y be a Gaussian vector whose components are independent with a common unknown variance. We consider the problem of estimating the mean μ of Y by model selection. More precisely, we start with a collection $\mathcal{S}=\{S_{m},m\in\mathcal{M}\}$ of linear subspaces of ℝn and associate to each of these the least-squares estimator of μ on Sm. Then, we use a data driven penalized criterion in order to select one estimator among these. Our first objective is to analyze the performance of estimators associated to classical criteria such as FPE, AIC, BIC and AMDL. Our second objective is to propose better penalties that are versatile enough to take into account both the complexity of the collection $\mathcal{S}$ and the sample size. Then we apply those to solve various statistical problems such as variable selection, change point detections and signal estimation among others. Our results are based on a nonasymptotic risk bound with respect to the Euclidean loss for the selected estimator. Some analogous results are also established for the Kullback loss.
Role of aquaporins in water balance disorders

&NA; The aquaporins are a recently recognized family of water channels that mediate water transport in kidney and in other organs. Aquaporin‐2, ‘vasopressin‐regulated water channel’, is regulated by vasopressin in two ways to account for overall control of collecting duct water permeability. First, vasopressin has a short‐term effect in triggering translocation of aquaporin‐2‐containing intracytoplasmic vesicles to the apical plasma membrane, thus increasing principal cell water permeability. Second, vasopressin has a long‐term effect in increasing the abundance of aquaporin‐2 in collecting duct principal cells, increasing the maximal attainable water permeability. Using animal models, defects in these control mechanisms have been shown to be associated with several disorders of water balance, including central diabetes insipidus, congenital nephrogenic diabetes insipidus, acquired diabetes insipidus, syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone secretion, and several extracellular fluid volume expanded states.
Sorptive removal of HgII by red mud (bauxite residue) in contaminated landfill leachate

ABSTRACT The ability of red mud (RM) (bauxite residue) to remove HgII from landfill leachate (LL) was assessed. The studied aspects comprised the effects of time, pH, HgII concentration and the sorption isotherm, besides the influence of chloride and representative organic ligands. HgII removal by RM exhibited a complex kinetics where initial rapid sorption was followed by desorption at longer times. The sorption of HgII on RM was strongly pH-dependent. Outstanding maximum sorption was observed at pH∼4–5 (≥99.6%), while it abruptly dropped at higher pH values down to a minimum ∼28% at pH∼10.5. Chloride decreased HgII sorption at acid pH and shifted the pHmax towards higher pH∼9.4, which opposes to sorption in LL and suggests Cl− did not primarily control the process in LL. Amongst the organic ligands, acetate and salicylate slightly affected HgII sorption. Conversely, glycine affected sorption in a pH-dependent manner resembling that in LL, which suggests the relevant role of the organic nitrogenated compounds of LL. EDTA suppressed HgII sorption at any pH. HgII speciation modelling and dissolved organic matter (DOM) sorption support complexation of HgII by DOM as the primary factor governing the removal of HgII in LL. The sorption isotherm was better described by the Freundlich equation, which agrees with the heterogeneous composition of RM. The results indicate that HgII sorption on RM is favorable, but reveal differences in sorption and reduced efficiency, in LL media. Notwithstanding, RM possesses a notable capacity to remove HgII, even under the unhelpful complexing and competing conditions of LL.
INTERCONNECTIVY BETWEEN THE CURRICULUM AND THE STUDENTS' EXPERIENCES

One of the responsibilities of higher educational institutions is to enhance students' character building and soft skills. The disjuncture between institutions' expectation in educating their students and students' perceptions on the benefit of their teaching and learning processes necessitates a paradigm shift in the college curriculum. Given that universities prepare students to be an individual and a member of a society, college curriculum, therefore, should enhance students' experience both academically and nonacademically. This paper attempts to propose a modest and brief preliminary proposal for curricular change for English Departments in Indonesia. The proposal includes the proposal for five elements of curricular revision - purpose, learner, content, instructional processes, and evaluation and assessment.
The Potential Role of Neurophysiology in the Management of Multiple Sclerosis-Related Fatigue

Fatigue is a very common symptom among people with multiple sclerosis (MS), but its management in clinical practice is limited by the lack of clear evidence about the pathogenic mechanisms, objective tools for diagnosis, and effective pharmacological treatments. In this scenario, neurophysiology could play a decisive role, thanks to its ability to provide objective measures and to explore the peripheral and the central structures of the nervous system. We hereby review and discuss current evidence about the potential role of neurophysiology in the management of MS-related fatigue. In the first part, we describe the use of neurophysiological techniques for exploring the pathogenic mechanisms of fatigue. In the second part, we review the potential application of neurophysiology for monitoring the response to pharmacological therapies. Finally, we show data about the therapeutic implications of neurophysiological techniques based on non-invasive brain stimulation.
Biomonitoring of Exposure in Farmworker Studies

Although biomonitoring has been used in many occupational and environmental health and exposure studies, we are only beginning to understand the complexities and uncertainties involved with the biomonitoring process—from study design, to sample collection, to chemical analysis—and with interpreting the resulting data. We present an overview of concepts that should be considered when using biomonitoring or biomonitoring data, assess the current status of biomonitoring, and detail potential advancements in the field that may improve our ability to both collect and interpret biomonitoring data. We discuss issues such as the appropriateness of biomonitoring for a given study, the sampling time frame, temporal variability in biological measurements to nonpersistent chemicals, and the complex issues surrounding data interpretation. In addition, we provide recommendations to improve the utility of biomonitoring in farmworker studies.
Molecular Basis of Cardiac Action Potential Repolarization

The action potential (AP) is generated by transport of ions through transmembrane ion channels. Rate dependence of AP repolarization is a fundamental property of cardiac cells, and its modification by disease or drugs can lead to fatal arrhythmias. Using a computational biology approach, we investigated the gating kinetics of the rapid (IKr) and slow (IKs) K+ currents during the AP in order to provide insight into the molecular basis of their role in AP repolarization. Results show that IKr intensifies during the late AP plateau by progressively recovering from inactivation and generating a pronounced late peak of open‐state occupancy. The delayed peak makes IKr an effective determinant of AP repolarization. IKs builds an available reserve of channels in closed states near the open state that can open rapidly to generate current during the AP repolarization phase. By doing so, IKs can provide repolarizing current when other currents (e.g., IKr) are compromised by disease or drugs, thus preventing excessive AP prolongation and arrhythmic activity.
A millimeter-scale wireless imaging system with continuous motion detection and energy harvesting

We present a 2×4×4mm3 imaging system complete with optics, wireless communication, battery, power management, solar harvesting, processor and memory. The system features a 160×160 resolution CMOS image sensor with 304nW continuous in-pixel motion detection mode. System components are fabricated in five different IC layers and die-stacked for minimal form factor. Photovoltaic (PV) cells face the opposite direction of the imager for optimal illumination and generate 456nW at 10klux to enable energy autonomous system operation.
Unraveling the Interaction between FcRn and Albumin: Opportunities for Design of Albumin-Based Therapeutics

The neonatal Fc receptor (FcRn) was first found to be responsible for transporting antibodies of the immunoglobulin G (IgG) class from the mother to the fetus or neonate as well as for protecting IgG from intracellular catabolism. However, it has now become apparent that the same receptor also binds albumin and plays a fundamental role in homeostatic regulation of both IgG and albumin, as FcRn is expressed in many different cell types and organs at diverse body sites. Thus, to gain a complete understanding of the biological function of each ligand, and also their distribution in the body, an in-depth characterization of how FcRn binds and regulates the transport of both ligands is necessary. Importantly, such knowledge is also relevant when developing new drugs, as IgG and albumin are increasingly utilized in therapy. This review discusses our current structural and biological understanding of the relationship between FcRn and its ligands, with a particular focus on albumin and design of albumin-based therapeutics.
Olfactory Display: Development and Application in Virtual Reality Therapy

The inclusion of visual and auditory senses into virtual reality is widespread, but the sense of smell has been largely ignored. Olfactory information available from the olfactory display will increase the user's sense of presence in virtual reality, it is necessary to incorporate the sense of smell to virtual reality, especially in virtual reality therapy. This paper reviews the current research in olfactory display, and its existed application in virtual reality therapy. In addition, the potential use of olfactory display is also discussed
Effects of the FIFA 11 training program on injury prevention and performance in football players: a systematic review and meta-analysis

Objective: To investigate the effects of FIFA 11 training on injury prevention and performance in football players. Design and methods: Systematic review and meta-analysis. We conducted a systematic search using four databases (CINAHL, Cochrane Library, EMBASE, and PubMed) to find controlled trials evaluating the effects of FIFA 11 on injury prevention and performance among football players. Weighted mean differences, standard mean differences, risk ratios, and 95% confidence intervals were calculated, and heterogeneity was assessed using the I2 test. Results: We analyzed 11 trials, including 4700 participants. FIFA 11 resulted in a significant reduction in injury risk (risk ratio = 0.69; 95% confidence interval, 0.49–0.98; P = 0.02) and improvements in dynamic balance (weighted mean difference = 2.68; 95% confidence interval, 0.44–4.92; P = 0.02) and agility (standard mean difference = −0.36; 95% confidence interval, 0.70–0.02; P = 0.04). The meta-analysis indicated a non-significant improvement in jump height (standard mean difference = 0.25; 95% confidence interval, 0.08–0.59; P = 0.14) and running sprint (standard mean difference = −0.24; 95% confidence interval, 0.58–0.10; P = 0.17) in the FIFA 11 group. Conclusions: FIFA 11 can be considered as a tool to reduce the risk of injury. It may improve dynamic balance and agility and can be considered for inclusion in the training of football players.
Association of Dll4/Notch and HIF-1a -VEGF Signaling in the Angiogenesis of Missed Abortion

Background Dll4/Notch and HIF-1a-VEGF have been shown to play an important role during angiogenesis, but there are no data about their roles and association in missed abortion. In this study, we investigated the association of Dll4/Notch and HIF-1a-VEGF signaling in missed abortion. Methods Women with missed abortion (n = 27) and healthy controls (n = 26) were included in the study. Real-time Reverse Transcription-PCR Analyses (RT-PCR) was used to analyze the mRNA levels of Dll4/Notch and HIF-1a-VEGF signaling molecules. The protein level for Dll4 was measured by immunohistochemistry. Results Compared with induced abortion, the expression of VEGF was statistically reduced while the level of VEGFR1 and Notch1 was significantly up-regulated in missed abortion. Though other molecules (VEGFR2 and Dll4) were marginally higher in missed abortion, no statistical difference was observed. The expression of HIF-1a was significantly up-regulated, and close negatively correlated with VEGF in missed abortion. Both in induced abortion and missed abortion, Dll4 was positively correlated with Notch1. Conclusions The early pregnancy is in a hypoxic environment, this may encourage the angiogenesis, but severe hypoxic may inhibit the angiogenesis. Aberrant Dll4/Notch and HIF-1a-VEGF signaling may have a role in missed abortion.
Hepatitis C Virus Nucleotide Inhibitors PSI-352938 and PSI-353661 Exhibit a Novel Mechanism of Resistance Requiring Multiple Mutations within Replicon RNA

ABSTRACT PSI-352938, a cyclic phosphate nucleotide, and PSI-353661, a phosphoramidate nucleotide, are prodrugs of β-d-2′-deoxy-2′-α-fluoro-2′-β-C-methylguanosine-5′-monophosphate. Both compounds are metabolized to the same active 5′-triphosphate, PSI-352666, which serves as an alternative substrate inhibitor of the NS5B RNA-dependent RNA polymerase during HCV replication. PSI-352938 and PSI-353661 retained full activity against replicons containing the S282T substitution, which confers resistance to certain 2′-substituted nucleoside/nucleotide analogs. PSI-352666 was also similarly active against both wild-type and S282T NS5B polymerases. In order to identify mutations that confer resistance to these compounds, in vitro selection studies were performed using HCV replicon cells. While no resistant genotype 1a or 1b replicons could be selected, cells containing genotype 2a JFH-1 replicons cultured in the presence of PSI-352938 or PSI-353661 developed resistance to both compounds. Sequencing of the NS5B region identified a number of amino acid changes, including S15G, R222Q, C223Y/H, L320I, and V321I. Phenotypic evaluation of these mutations indicated that single amino acid changes were not sufficient to significantly reduce the activity of PSI-352938 and PSI-353661. Instead, a combination of three amino acid changes, S15G/C223H/V321I, was required to confer a high level of resistance. No cross-resistance exists between the 2′-F-2′-C-methylguanosine prodrugs and other classes of HCV inhibitors, including 2′-modified nucleoside/-tide analogs such as PSI-6130, PSI-7977, INX-08189, and IDX-184. Finally, we determined that in genotype 1b replicons, the C223Y/H mutation failed to support replication, and although the A15G/C223H/V321I triple mutation did confer resistance to PSI-352938 and PSI-353661, this mutant replicated at only about 10% efficiency compared to the wild type.
Regulation of Plasma Membrane Ca2+-ATPase by Small GTPases and Phosphoinositides in Human Platelets*

We have investigated the restoration of [Ca2+] i in human platelets following the discharge of the intracellular Ca2+ stores. We found that the plasma membrane Ca2+-ATPase is the main mechanism involved in Ca2+ extrusion in human platelets. Treatment of platelets with the farnesylcysteine analogs, farnesylthioacetic acid andN-acetyl-S-geranylgeranyl-l-cysteine, inhibitors of activation of Ras proteins, accelerated the rate of decay of [Ca2+] i to basal levels after activation with thapsigargin combined with a low concentration of ionomycin, indicating that Ras proteins are involved in the negative regulation of Ca2+ extrusion. Rho A, which is involved in actin polymerization, was not responsible for this effect. Consistent with this, the actin polymerization inhibitors, cytochalasin D and latrunculin A, did not alter the recovery of [Ca2+] i . Activation of human platelets with thapsigargin and ionomycin stimulated the tyrosine phosphorylation of the plasma membrane Ca2+-ATPase, a mechanism that was inhibited by farnesylcysteine analogs, suggesting that Ras proteins could regulate Ca2+ extrusion by mediating tyrosine phosphorylation of the plasma membrane Ca2+-ATPase. Treatment of platelets with LY294002, a specific inhibitor of phosphatidylinositol 3- and phosphatidylinositol 4-kinase, resulted in a reduction in the rate of recovery of [Ca2+] i to basal levels, suggesting that the products of these kinases are involved in stimulating Ca2+ extrusion in human platelets.
Aggregation and Disaggregation of Energetic Flexibility From Distributed Energy Resources

A variety of energy resources has been identified as being flexible in their electric energy consumption or generation. This energetic flexibility can be used for various purposes such as minimizing energy procurement costs or providing ancillary services to power grids. To fully leverage the flexibility available from distributed small-scale resources, their flexibility must be quantified and aggregated. This paper introduces a generic and scalable approach for flexible energy systems to quantitatively describe and price their flexibility based on zonotopic sets. The description allows aggregators to efficiently aggregate the flexibility of large numbers of systems and to make control and market decisions on the aggregate level. In addition, an algorithm is presented that distributes aggregate-level control decisions among the individual systems of the population in an economically fair and computationally efficient way. The algorithm is applied to the problem of disaggregating reference schedules resulting from day-ahead energy markets.
Körperliches Training als wichtiger Bestandteil der geriatrischen Neurorehabilitation

Zusammenfassung Körperliche Fitness wirkt positiv sowohl auf die kognitive Leistungsfähigkeit von gesunden älteren Erwachsenen als auch auf die von älteren Personen mit leichter kognitiver Beeinträchtigung und Demenz. Auch bei stärkerer körperlicher Beeinträchtigung und Betreuungsbedürftigkeit kann sich ein multimodales körperliches Training im Sitzen noch begünstigend auf den Gesundheitszustand der Patienten auswirken. Grundlagenforschung im Tiermodell sowie erste Humanstudien weisen darauf hin, dass (aerobes) körperliches Training neuroplastische Prozesse (z. B. die Ausschüttung von Nervenwachstumsfaktoren) im Gehirn fördert und somit auch im hohen Alter noch kognitive Verbesserung ermöglicht.
Contact stability for two-fingered grasps

Two types of grasp stability, spatial grasp stability and contact grasp stability, each with a different concept of the state of a grasp, are distinguished and characterized. Examples are presented to show that spatial stability cannot capture certain intuitive concepts of grasp stability and hence that any full understanding of grasp stability must include contact stability. A model of how the positions of the points of contact evolve in time on the surface of a grasped object in the absence of any external force or active feedback is then derived. From the model, a general measure of the contact stability of any two-fingered grasp is obtained. Finally, the consequences of this stability measure and a related measure of contact manipulability on strategies for grasp selection are discussed. >
Desensitization of ABA-Signaling: The Swing From Activation to Degradation

Abscisic acid (ABA) is a key plant stress-signaling hormone that accumulates upon osmotic stresses such as drought and high salinity. Several proteins have been identified that constitute the ABA-signaling pathway. Among them ABA receptors (PYR/PYL/RCAR), co-receptor PP2Cs (protein phosphatases), SnRK2 kinases (SNF1-related protein kinases) and ABI5/ABFs (transcription factors) are the major components. Upon ABA signal, PYR/PYL receptors interact with and recruit PP2Cs, releasing SnRK2s kinases from sequestration with PP2Cs. This allows SnKR2s to promote the activation of downstream transcription factors of ABA pathway. However, apart from activation, ubiquitination and degradation of core proteins in the ABA pathway by the ubiquitin proteasome system is less explored. In this review we will focus on the recent findings about feedback regulation of ABA signaling core proteins through degradation, which is emerging as a critical step that modulates and eventually ceases the signal relay. Additionally, we also discuss the importance of the recently identified effector protein HOS15, which negatively regulate ABA-signaling through degradation of OST1.
[Invasive management of non-ST elevation acute coronary syndromes: lessons from RITA-3 and other randomised trials].

22 Over the last decade there has been intense research interest in the management of non-ST segment elevation acute coronary syndromes (NSTACS). Much of this research has focussed on optimization of initial pharmacological intervention and the role of antiplatelet agents, anti-thrombins, and lipid-lowering treatment in NSTACS is now established. Nevertheless, following initial medical stabilization patients with NSTACS remain at increased risk of death or myocardial infarction and subsequent treatment is controversial. Some cardiologists advocate early coronary arteriography and myocardial revascularisation in all suitable patients, in the belief that mechanical intervention will improve clinical outcome. Proponents of the «invasive» strategy argue that early coronary arteriography allows timely risk stratification and identification of high risk patients who will benefit from myocardial revascularisation. Other clinicians recommend a more conservative approach with intensive medical treatment to stabilize the acute ischaemic syndrome, and coronary arteriography only for patients with refractory symptoms or provocable ischaemia on non-invasive testing. Advocates of the conservative strategy cite growing evidence that acute coronary syndromes may be associated with a systemic inflammatory process and atherosclerotic plaque disruption in more than one coronary vascular territory. These observations undermine the rationale for focal percutaneous coronary intervention in a single «culprit» vessel, judged to be the cause of the episode of acute myocardial ischaemia. Uncertainties about the best management strategy for patients with NSTACS are evident in registry studies, which have shown considerable geographical variation in the use of invasive procedures. Moreover, in the OASIS registry high rates of invasive cardiac procedures were associated with low rates of refractory angina and readmission to hospital, but did not appear to influence the risk of cardiovascular death or myocardial infarction.