Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Tracing FUV Radiation in the Embedded Phase of Star Formation

Molecules containing one or a few hydrogen atoms and a heavier atom (hydrides) have been predicted to trace FUV radiation. In some chemical models, FUV emission by the central object or protostar of a star forming region greatly enhances some of the hydride abundances. Two massive regions, W3 IRS5 and AFGL 2591, have been observed in hydride lines by HIFI onboard the Herschel Space Observatory . We use published results as well as new observations of CH+ towards W3 IRS5. Molecular column densities are derived from ground state absorption lines, radiative transfer modeling or rotational diagrams. Models assuming no internal FUV are compared with two-dimensional models including FUV irradiation of outflow walls. We confirm that the effect of FUV is clearly noticeable and greatly improves the fit. The most sensitive molecules to FUV irradiation are CH+ and OH+ , enhanced in abundance by many orders of magnitude. Modeling in addition also full line radiative transfer, Bruderer et al. (b) achieve good agreement of a two-dimensional FUV model with observations of CH+ in AFGL 2591. It is concluded that CH+ and OH+ are good FUV tracers in star-forming regions.
Nanotorsional resonator torque magnetometry

Magnetic torque is used to actuate nanotorsional resonators, which are fabricated by focused-ion-beam milling of permalloy coated silicon nitride membranes. Optical interferometry is used to measure the mechanical response of two torsion modes at resonance, which is proportional to the magnetization vector of the nanomagnetic volume. By varying the bias magnetic field, the magnetic behavior can be measured with excellent sensitivity (≈108μB) for single magnetic elements.
A LAW FOR STAR FORMATION IN GALAXIES

We study the galactic-scale triggering of star formation. We find that the largest mass scale not stabilized by rotation, a well-defined quantity in a rotating system and with clear dynamical meaning, strongly correlates with the star formation rate in a wide range of galaxies. We find that this relation can be understood in terms of self-regulation toward marginal Toomre stability and the amount of turbulence allowed to sustain the system in this self-regulated quasi-stationary state. We test such an interpretation by computing the predicted star formation rates for a galactic interstellar medium characterized by a lognormal probability distribution function and find good agreement with the observed relation.
Quantitative read-out of Al2O3:C,Mg-based fluorescent nuclear track detectors using a commercial confocal microscope

Fluorescent nuclear track detectors (FNTD) show great potential for applications in ion-beam therapy research, such as dosimetry, advanced beam characterization, in-vivo use or as radiobiological assay. A essential feature of FNTDs is their ability to assess the energy loss of single ions yielding for example LET estimations. This article describes the basic characterisations of FNTDs and our read-out system (a Zeiss LSM710 confocal laser scanning microscope) to enable quantative measurements of energy loss.
A Capacitance Estimation Method for DC-Link Capacitors Based on Pre-Charging Model and Noise Evaluation

DC-link capacitor is one of the significant parts of traction converters. Due to the impact of electrical stress, high temperature and humidity, its capacitance degrades faster than expected. Accurate capacitance estimation is critical to the condition monitoring of DC-link capacitors, which is also the basis of online capacitor life prediction. Currently, there is a big challenge for capacitor capacitance estimation in railway applications. The noise fluctuation of the voltage sensor may be nearly equal to that of ripple voltage, leading to the considerable errors of the existing capacitor condition monitoring methods. Therefore, a capacitance estimation method based on precharging model and noise evaluation is proposed in this article. The capacitance is estimated by improved recursive extended least square. The influence of the noise can be effectively reduced and both the calculation accuracy and convergence speed can be well guaranteed through an independent noise estimation model. The proposed method has good immunity in a certain range of signal-noise ratio or signal bias. It shows good performance in experiments.
Relations of perceived injustice to psycho‐spiritual outcomes in advanced lung and prostate cancer: Examining the role of acceptance and meaning making

Many advanced cancer patients struggle with anxiety, depressive symptoms, and anger toward God and illness‐related stressors. Patients may perceive their illness as an injustice (i.e., appraise their illness as unfair, severe, and irreparable or blame others for their illness), which may be a risk factor for poor psychological and spiritual outcomes. This study examined relations between cancer‐related perceived injustice and psycho‐spiritual outcomes as well as potential mediators of these relationships.
Evaluating the Representational Hub of Language and Vision Models

The multimodal models used in the emerging field at the intersection of computational linguistics and computer vision implement the bottom-up processing of the “Hub and Spoke” architecture proposed in cognitive science to represent how the brain processes and combines multi-sensory inputs. In particular, the Hub is implemented as a neural network encoder. We investigate the effect on this encoder of various vision-and-language tasks proposed in the literature: visual question answering, visual reference resolution, and visually grounded dialogue. To measure the quality of the representations learned by the encoder, we use two kinds of analyses. First, we evaluate the encoder pre-trained on the different vision-and-language tasks on an existing “diagnostic task” designed to assess multimodal semantic understanding. Second, we carry out a battery of analyses aimed at studying how the encoder merges and exploits the two modalities.
A New Type of Weak Grid IBR Oscillations

This letter presents the discovery of a new type oscillations associated with inverter-based resources (IBRs) in weak grids. While typical weak grid oscillations become worse when the grid strength decreases and the power exporting level increases, this new type of oscillations appear when the grid becomes weaker and the power exporting level decreases. Electromagnetic transient (EMT) simulation results are presented, along with eigenvalue loci for a varying power. The notable signatures of such oscillations are also remarked. In further analysis, a feedback system consisting of two blocks is derived with one block associated with the phase-locked-loop (PLL) and the other associated with the rest of the system. This feedback system quantitatively demonstrates why insufficient damping in the PLL may be an issue for stability. Open-loop analysis shows that a larger phase lag in angle tracking in the low-frequency range due to high power exporting level at the weak grid condition is beneficial to the open-loop poles introduced by the PLL. And this is the reason why such oscillations may appear when power is ramping down.
Cardiac Aging Detection Using Complexity Measures

As we age, our hearts undergo changes which result in reduction in complexity of physiological interactions between different control mechanisms. This results in a potential risk of cardiovascular diseases which are the number one cause of death globally. Since cardiac signals are nonstationary and nonlinear in nature, complexity measures are better suited to handle such data. In this study, non-invasive methods for detection of cardiac aging using complexity measures are explored. Lempel-Ziv (LZ) complexity, Approximate Entropy (ApEn) and Effort-to-Compress (ETC) measures are used to differentiate between healthy young and old subjects using heartbeat interval data. We show that both LZ and ETC complexity measures are able to differentiate between young and old subjects with only 10 data samples while ApEn requires at least 15 data samples.
Modulating Multiarticular Energy during Human Walking and Running with an Unpowered Exoskeleton

Researchers have made advances in reducing the metabolic rate of both walking and running by modulating mono-articular energy with exoskeletons. However, how to modulate multiarticular energy with exoskeletons to improve the energy economy of both walking and running is still a challenging problem, due to the lack of understanding of energy transfer among human lower-limb joints. Based on the study of the energy recycling and energy transfer function of biarticular muscles, we proposed a hip–knee unpowered exoskeleton that emulates and reinforces the function of the hamstrings and rectus femoris in different gait phases. The biarticular exo-tendon of the exoskeleton assists hamstrings to recycle the kinetic energy of the leg swing while providing hip extension torque in the swing phase. In the following stance phase, the exo-tendon releases the stored energy to assist the co-contraction of gluteus maximus and rectus femoris for both hip extension and knee extension, thus realizing the phased modulation of hip and knee joint energy. The metabolic rate of both walking (1.5 m/s) and running (2.5 m/s) can be reduced by 6.2% and 4.0% with the multiarticular energy modulation of a hip–knee unpowered exoskeleton, compared to that of walking and running without an exoskeleton. The bio-inspired design method of this study may inspire people to develop devices that assist multiple gaits in the future.
Practical valid inferences for the two-sample binomial problem

Our interest is whether two binomial parameters differ, which parameter is larger, and by how much. This apparently simple problem was addressed by Fisher in the 1930's, and has been the subject of many review papers since then. Yet there continues to be new work on this issue and no consensus solution. Previous reviews have focused primarily on testing and the properties of validity and power, or primarily on confidence intervals, their coverage, and expected length. Here we evaluate both. For example, we consider whether a p-value and its matching confidence interval are compatible, meaning that the p-value rejects at level $\alpha$ if and only if the $1-\alpha$ confidence interval excludes all null parameter values. For focus, we only examine non-asymptotic inferences, so that most of the p-values and confidence intervals are valid (i.e., exact) by construction. Within this focus, we review different methods emphasizing many of the properties and interpretational aspects we desire from applied frequentist inference: validity, accuracy, good power, equivariance, compatibility, coherence, and parameterization and direction of effect. We show that no one method can meet all the desirable properties and give recommendations based on which properties are given more importance.
Performance of SOI Pixel Sensors Developed for X-ray Astronomy

We have been developing monolithic active pixel sensors for X-rays based on the silicon-on-insulator technology. Our device consists of a low-resistivity Si layer for readout CMOS electronics, a high-resistivity Si sensor layer, and a SiO2 layer between them. This configuration allows us both high-speed readout circuits and a thick (on the order of 100 m) depletion layer in a monolithic device. Each pixel circuit contains a trigger output function, with which we can achieve a time resolution of ≲ 10 s. One of our key development items is improvement of the energy resolution. We recently fabricated a device named XRPIX6E, to which we introduced a pinned depleted diode (PDD) structure. The structure reduces the capacitance coupling between the sensing area in the sensor layer and the pixel circuit, which degrades the spectral performance. With XRPIX6E, we achieve an energy resolution of ~ 150 eV in full width at half maximum for 6.4-keV X-rays. In addition to the good energy resolution, a large imaging area is required for practical use. We developed and tested XRPIX5b, which has an imaging area size of 21.9 mm 13.8 mm and is the largest device that we ever fabricated. We successfully obtain X-ray data from almost all the 608 384 pixels with high uniformity.
Fully distributed adaptive finite-time consensus over uncertain network topology

ABSTRACT Communication network could suffer uncertainties originating from link faults and network attacks. This situation, in multi-agent systems, can be featured by unknown weights of network topology. To impair the influence of the uncertain topology, typical compensation should be taken into account in distributed protocols to the workability of multi-agent systems. This paper, in the context of uncertain topology, addresses finite-time leader-following consensus for second-order uncertain nonlinear multi-agent systems. In addition to uncertainties in topology, the systems also allow unknown control coefficients, which together with the unknown weights renders the realisation of finite-time leader-following consensus nontrivial. Specifically, a fully distributed protocol based on distributed finite-time observer is designed via integrating the adaptive compensation scheme. Notably, in the designed protocol, dynamic high gains are introduced for the compensations of the network uncertainties and agents uncertainties. It turns out that the designed fully distributed protocol guarantees the global finite-time leader-following consensus. Simulation examples are provided to illustrate the validity of the proposed approach.
METAL DEPLETION AND WARM H2 IN THE BROWN DWARF 2M1207 ACCRETION DISK

We present new far-ultraviolet observations of the young M8 brown dwarf 2MASS J12073346−3932539, which is surrounded by an accretion disk. The data were obtained using the Hubble Space Telescope-Cosmic Origins Spectrograph. Moderate-resolution spectra (R≈ 17,000–18,000) obtained in the 1150–1750 Å and 2770–2830 Å bandpasses reveal H2 emission excited by H i Lyα photons, several ionization states of carbon (C i–C iv), and hot gas emission lines of He ii and N v (T ≈ 104–105 K). Emission from some species that would be found in a typical thermal plasma at this temperature (Si ii, Si iii, Si iv, and Mg ii) is not detected. The non-detections indicate that these refractory elements are depleted into grains, and that accretion shocks dominate the production of the hot gas observed on 2MASS J12073346−3932539. We use the observed C iv luminosity to constrain the mass accretion rate in this system. We use the kinematically broadened H2 profile to confirm that the majority of the molecular emission arises in the disk, measure the radius of the inner hole of the disk (Rhole ≈ 3R*), and constrain the physical conditions of the warm molecular phase of the disk (T(H2) ≈ 2500–4000 K). A second, most likely unresolved H2 component is identified. This feature is either near the stellar surface in the region of the accretion shock or in a molecular outflow, although the possibility that this Jovian-like emission arises on the dayside disk of a 6 MJ companion (2M1207b) cannot be conclusively ruled out. In general, we find that this young brown dwarf disk system is a low-mass analog to classical T Tauri stars that are observed to produce H2 emission from a warm layer in their disks, such as the well-studied TW Hya and DF Tau systems.
Bilateral Lumbar Facet Synovial Cysts as a Cause of Radiculopathy

Remarkable advancements in endoscopic spinal surgery have led to successful outcomes comparable to those of conventional open surgery with the benefits of less traumatization and postoperative spinal instability. Bilateral lumbar facet cysts are rarely found in the spinal canal. We report a rare case of L4–L5 bilateral lumbar facet cysts compressing the nerve root in a patient who presented with L5 radiculopathy. Endoscopic decompression and removal of the cysts without fusion were performed. Histopathology revealed synovial cysts. Postoperatively, the patient showed a total resolution of symptoms with sustained benefits at the final evaluation. No recurrence of pain and no further segmental instability were observed at the 1-year follow-up.
Biphasic Learning of GANs for High-Resolution Image-to-Image Translation

Despite that the performance of image-to-image translation has been significantly improved by recent progress in generative models, current methods still suffer from severe degradation in training stability and sample quality when applied to the high-resolution situation. In this work, we present a novel training framework for GANs, namely biphasic learning, to achieve image-to-image translation in multiple visual domains at $1024^2$ resolution. Our core idea is to design an adjustable objective function that varies across training phases. Within the biphasic learning framework, we propose a novel inherited adversarial loss to achieve the enhancement of model capacity and stabilize the training phase transition. Furthermore, we introduce a perceptual-level consistency loss through mutual information estimation and maximization. To verify the superiority of the proposed method, we apply it to a wide range of face-related synthesis tasks and conduct experiments on multiple large-scale datasets. Through comprehensive quantitative analyses, we demonstrate that our method significantly outperforms existing methods.
Design and Analysis of Frequency Hopping-Aided FMCW-Based Integrated Radar and Communication Systems

Although the frequency-modulated continuous-wave (FMCW)-based scheme has been considered a candidate for realizing integrated radar-communication (RadCom) systems, it is limited by low spectral efficiency. Thus, this study proposes a frequency hopping-aided FMCW-based RadCom system along with the corresponding radar detection and communication signal demodulation approaches. The proposed system can significantly improve the transmission rate with slight radar performance degradation. In addition, both the radar and communication subsystems of the proposed RadCom system are analyzed. Consequently, a symbol interleaving approach that can mitigate radar performance degradation is proposed. Furthermore, the interference is shown to not degrade the radar performance significantly because of frequency hopping. However, to address the issue of the interference significantly degrading communication performance, interference avoidance and mitigation approaches using scheduling and interference rejection combining, respectively, are proposed. Simulations are conducted to evaluate the proposed RadCom system. The results validate the analysis and demonstrate that the proposed RadCom system can provide radar detection performance that is almost identical to conventional FMCW radar with a high transmission rate. Furthermore, the results confirm the effectiveness of the proposed interleaving and interference management methods.
Electrons and holes in phosphorene

We present a symmetry analysis of electronic bandstructure including spin-orbit interaction close to the insulating gap edge in monolayer black phosphorus ('phosphorene'). Expressions for energy dispersion relation and spin-dependent eigenstates for electrons and holes are found via simplification of a perturbative expansion in wavevector $k$ away from the zone center using elementary group theory. Importantly, we expose the underlying symmetries giving rise to substantial anisotropy in optical absorption, charge and spin transport properties, and reveal the mechanism responsible for valence band distortion and possible lack of a true direct gap.
Association between the Intake of Different Protein Sources and Obesity Coexisting with Low Handgrip Strength in Persons near Retirement Age

Nutrition is important for preventing and treating sarcopenic obesity/SO, proteins play a fundamental role. This study aimed at (1) identifying the association between different protein sources, other factors, and obesity coexisting with low handgrip strength and (2) evaluating differences in protein intake between persons with coexistence of obesity with low handgrip strength, obesity alone, low handgrip strength alone and persons neither obese nor having low handgrip strength. This study is a secondary data analysis of SHARE-data among 5362 persons near retirement age. We used descriptive statistics, statistical tests and univariate and multiple logistic regression analyses. Prevalence of obesity coexisting with low handgrip strength was 4.8%. Participants with low handgrip strength had the significantly lowest intake of all protein groups, followed by participants with obesity and low handgrip strength (p < 0.001). Daily intake of meat/fish (0.56, CI 0.40–0.79), age (1.07, CI 1.03–1.11), two or more chronic diseases (2.22, CI 1.69–2.93), one or more limitations concerning instrumental activities of daily living (2.23, CI 1.60–3.11), and moderate activity more than once a week (0.44, CI 0.33–0.57) were significantly related factors regarding obesity coexisting with low handgrip strength. Findings suggest that a daily intake of meat/fish is associated with lower odds of suffering from obesity with low handgrip strength in retirement-aged persons. Further studies are needed for specific recommendations regarding different protein sources for obese persons with low muscle mass and/or strength.
Palmitate Inhibits Mouse Macrophage Efferocytosis by Activating an mTORC1-Regulated Rho Kinase 1 Pathway: Therapeutic Implications for the Treatment of Obesity

Every day, billions of our cells die and get cleared without inducing inflammation. When, clearance is improper, uncleared cells undergo secondary necrosis and trigger inflammation. In addition, proper efferocytosis would be required for inducing resolution of inflammation, thus clearance deficiencies in the long term lead to development of various chronic inflammatory diseases. Increasing evidence indicates that obesity, itself being a low-grade inflammatory disease, predisposes to a variety of other chronic inflammatory diseases. Previous studies indicated that this later might be partially related to an impaired efferocytosis induced by increased uptake of circulating saturated fatty acids by macrophages in obese people. Here, we show that palmitate inhibits efferocytosis by bone marrow-derived macrophages in a dose-dependent manner. Palmitate triggers autophagy but also activates an energy-sensing mTORC1/ROCK1 signaling pathway, which interferes with the autophagosome–lysosome fusion, resulting in accumulation of the cellular membranes in autophagosomes. We propose that lack of sufficient plasma membrane supply attenuates efferocytosis of palmitate-exposed macrophages. AMP-activated protein kinase activators lead to mTORC1 inhibition and, consequently, released the palmitate-induced efferocytosis block in macrophages. Thus, they might be useful in the treatment of obesity not only by affecting metabolism thought so far. ROCK1 inhibitors could also be considered.