Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
A Longitudinal/Lateral Coupled Neural Network Model Predictive Controller for Path Tracking of Self-Driving Vehicle

In recent years, the model predictive control (MPC) algorithm has been increasingly applied to the path tracking of self-driving vehicles due to its capacity to deal with dynamic constraints explicitly. The control performance of MPC is highly dependent on the accuracy dynamic model; however, as vehicles are strongly coupled nonlinear systems, the prediction accuracy of the classical mechanism model decreases significantly at high-speed conditions, leading to increased control errors. This paper proposes replacing the classical mechanism model with a recurrent neural network (RNN) for vehicle dynamical state prediction under the framework of MPC to achieve higher control effects under high speed steering processes. The RNN vehicle dynamic model uses historical data of control and state variables to predict future states. Based on this novel model, longitudinal/lateral coupled model predictive control is realized. The differential evolution algorithm is proposed to solve the optimization problem in the controller. Finally, the prediction accuracy of the RNN model is verified on the real vehicle dataset and compared with linear/nonlinear mechanism models. The control algorithm proposed in this paper is compared with classical MPC against low and high speeds (10m/s and 30m/s) on the ADAMS/Python/Simulink joint simulation platform. The results show that the control accuracy and stability of the longitudinal/lateral coupled neural network MPC are higher than classical MPC, especially at high speed.
Precipitation Nowcasting using Data Augmentation

This paper proposes a simple data augmentation technique specifically designed to mitigate the data unbalancing problem in precipitation nowcasting. We consider the existence of one or more observational systems, each one comprised of a set of (either weather or rain gauge) stations. We use simulated data coming from the ERA5 numerical model to complement precipitation observations made by rain gauge stations, and use the resulting synthetic observations to augment data for a given weather station. We present preliminary results training a machine learning model using this data augmentation technique. These results show that the technique can be useful to improve the predictive performance of the resulting forecasting model.
A wearable flexible battery using human body temperature differences

Ionic battery materials are widely used in wearable devices, especially ionic gel materials. In the face of a variety of ionic thermoelectric materials, it is a key issue to select the appropriate thermoelectric ones for different artificial heart power supply needs. In this study, it is aimed to establish a database of ionic thermoelectric materials for existing wearable devices, compare the battery performance under different boundary conditions and different materials based on the physical model of the battery, and select the optimal battery material suitable for an artificial heart. 72 kinds of ionic thermoelectric materials were identified through a literature review. The properties of ionic thermoelectric materials were comprehensively considered from the aspects of the Seebeck coefficient, electric conductivity, and power factor. The materials were determined by a thermoelectric figure of merit (ZT). The physical model of the battery was established by Solidworks. The three-dimensional physical field of thermoelectric materials was analyzed by COMSOL, so as to clarify the temperature and potential change characteristics of thermoelectric materials under different boundary conditions and different material types. Finally, the thermoelectric material with the largest electric potential energy was selected. Under a constant temperature boundary condition of 33 ℃ and 5 ℃, the maximum potential produced was 23.21 mV. By changing the materials and keeping other conditions unchanged, it was found that the potential generated by the six ion gel materials is mostly mV.
A digital patient-reported outcome (electronic patient-reported outcome) system for patients with severe psychiatric disorders: User-centered development study and study protocol of a multicenter-controlled trial

Background The effective treatment of patients with severe psychiatric disorders primarily relies on subjective reporting of symptoms and side-effects. This information is crucial for a clinician's decision regarding medication adjustment. Treatment adjustment usually happens at a low frequency (∼4–8 weeks). In between points of care, patients are left alone with their symptoms and side-effects. This leads to uncertainty regarding the treatment, non-adherence, possible relapse, and rehospitalization. Objectives We aim to design a flexible electronic patient-reported outcome (ePRO) system, which allows patients with severe psychiatric disorders to: (a) record their symptoms using an app; (b) share the data with the clinical team at points of care; and (c) utilize the data to support therapy decisions. Methods In this article, we describe the development process which included the following steps: (a) formation of a co-design team; (b) stakeholder interviews with patients, practitioners, and digital health experts to access needs, requirements, and barriers; (c) prototype conceptualization and design; (d) user acceptance testing and refinement; and (e) finalization of the system for testing in a pilottrial. Results We included input from patients with lived experience of psychiatric disorders, clinical team members, software engineers, and researchers. A prototype system was refined, and iterative changes were made before finalization during a series of operational meetings. The system allows patients to digitally self-report their symptoms and provides longitudinal ePRO symptom data for export into the electronic health record. Conclusions Routine ePRO collection has the potential to improve outcomes and hereby also reduce health service costs. We have successfully developed a trial-ready ePRO system for severe psychiatric disorders. The findings were incorporated in the planning of a feasibility pilot trial. Assuming feasibility will be established, the system might be subjected to a certification process evaluation of safety and efficacy including a randomized controlled trial.
An X-Band Hybrid Magnetoelectric Dipole With Stable Wide Beam in H-Plane Using Double-Layer Reflector

A hybrid magnetoelectric dipole antenna with a stable wide beam in H-plane was designed. Magnetic dipole and electric dipole were achieved by the slant slots on the main printed circuit board and the arms on the short printed circuit board, respectively. A substrate-integrated waveguide was introduced to feed the antenna. By loading a double-layer reflector, a stable wide beam in the H-plane was obtained. The beamwidth broadening principle was also explained by analyzing the surface current distribution. The adoption of the printed circuit boards and an all-metal reflector formed a hybrid design. Finally, a prototype was fabricated and measured. Measured results show that the bandwidth for |S11| < −10 dB was 47.2% (7.7 to 12.46 GHz). A stable 3 dB H-plane beamwidth of 118°±6° was achieved. The F/B ratio was more than 16 dB. Measured results agreed well with simulations and had great advantages over other related designs.
The energy challenges of artificial superintelligence

We argue here that contemporary semiconductor computing technology poses a significant if not insurmountable barrier to the emergence of any artificial general intelligence system, let alone one anticipated by many to be “superintelligent”. This limit on artificial superintelligence (ASI) emerges from the energy requirements of a system that would be more intelligent but orders of magnitude less efficient in energy use than human brains. An ASI would have to supersede not only a single brain but a large population given the effects of collective behavior on the advancement of societies, further multiplying the energy requirement. A hypothetical ASI would likely consume orders of magnitude more energy than what is available in highly-industrialized nations. We estimate the energy use of ASI with an equation we term the “Erasi equation”, for the Energy Requirement for Artificial SuperIntelligence. Additional efficiency consequences will emerge from the current unfocussed and scattered developmental trajectory of AI research. Taken together, these arguments suggest that the emergence of an ASI is highly unlikely in the foreseeable future based on current computer architectures, primarily due to energy constraints, with biomimicry or other new technologies being possible solutions.
Students' Perceptions of Teaching Translation at University of Duhok

This study maintains that learners' perspective and reactions towards learning any subject including Translation is of a vital importance to achieve the objectives and outcomes of that subject. This study aims at drawing a picture of translation teaching from students' point of view and exploring students' skills in translating to assess the existing methods and to reconsider objectives behind teaching this or that translation course. In order to achieve the aims of the study a questionnaire consisting of 22 items was given to 49 students; 40 (20 boys and 20 girls) from the English Department; and nine students (five boys and four girls) from the Translation Department, College of Humanities, University of Duhok, Iraq to find out their reactions on different issues related to the teaching and learning of translation at their departments. The items of the questionnaire tried to explore issues related to culture, courses, texts, exams, teachers and students' reactions and strategies used in translation. Accordingly, it has been found out that students gain benefits from the assigned course as it seems to develop their language and translation skills through their focus on cultural factors and proper equivalents in the process of translation. Translation courses might be considered as a resource for students' vocabulary enrichment, style improving in addition to text type knowledge with reference to strategies adopted for each as well as improving students' skills in both language and translation. Focusing on the daily language is also of vital importance in acquiring language and translation competency.
Biomass and Carbon Stock Estimation Inventory of Indonesian Bananas (Musa spp.) and Its Potential Role for Land Rehabilitation

ABSTRACT Bananas (Musa spp.) are widely cultivated in Indonesia. They are extensively grown in backyards, homegardens, intercropped with short term crops and also in agroforestry sy stem . Potential role of bananas to absorb and store Carbon related to climate change mitigation is rarely studied. An inventory of biomass and C-stock estimation on banana accessions has been conducted in Musa germplasm plots - Purwodadi Botanic Garden, Pasuruan. 4 2 individual banana accessions has been estimated its biomass and C-stock comprises of 5 wild types and 3 7 cultivars. Biomass estimated using non-destructive method ie. allometric equation for banana by measuring its mature stage pseudostem diameter at breast height (dbh). C -stock was estimat e d by crossing its bio mass to averaged value of banana C-stock 0, 46 . The results showed that the biomass and C-stock estimation level were in positive correlations with its plants pseudostem dbH. The conclusions of these research that Kepok Bung cultivar has the highest level of estimated biomass and Carbon stock about 15, 02 kg/plant and 6, 92 kg C/plant and then c ultivars with range averaged C - stock between 3,5 – 3,9 kg C/plant (higher level) are Tlekung, Baflo, and Cici . Musa balbisiana species contributes higher level of biomass and C-stock estimation than Musa acuminata species. Keywords : B anan a, biomass, carbon stock (C-stock), estimation, Musa, non- destructive, Purwodadi Botanic Garde n Normal 0 false false false IN X-NONE X-NONE /* Style Definitions */ table.MsoNormalTable {mso-style-name:"Table Normal"; mso-tstyle-rowband-size:0; mso-tstyle-colband-size:0; mso-style-noshow:yes; mso-style-priority:99; mso-style-qformat:yes; mso-style-parent:""; mso-padding-alt:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; mso-para-margin:0cm; mso-para-margin-bottom:. 0001pt; mso-pagination:widow-orphan; font-size:11.0pt; font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif"; mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font:minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font:minor-bidi;}
Living myocardial slices for the study of nucleic acid-based therapies

Gene therapy based on viral vectors offers great potential for the study and the treatment of cardiac diseases. Here we explore the use of Living Myocardial Slices (LMS) as a platform for nucleic acid-based therapies. Rat LMS and Adeno-Associated viruses (AAV) were used to optimise and analyse gene transfer efficiency, viability, tissue functionality, and cell tropism in cardiac tissue. Human cardiac tissue from failing (dilated cardiomyopathy) hearts was also used to validate the model in a more translational setting. LMS were cultured at physiological sarcomere length for 72-h under electrical stimulation. Two recombinant AAV serotypes (AAV6 and AAV9) at different multiplicity of infection (MOI) expressing enhanced green fluorescent protein (eGFP) were added to the surface of rat LMS. AAV6 at 20,000 MOI proved to be the most suitable serotype without affecting LMS contractility or kinetics and showing high transduction and penetrability efficiency in rat LMS. This serotype exhibited 40% of transduction efficiency in cardiomyocytes and stromal cells while 20% of the endothelial cells were transduced. With great translational relevance, this protocol introduces the use of LMS as a model for nucleic acid-based therapies, allowing the acceleration of preclinical studies for cardiac diseases.
SEMI-AUTOMATED CLOUD/SHADOW REMOVAL AND LAND COVER CHANGE DETECTION USING SATELLITE IMAGERY

Multi-platform/sensor and multi-temporal satellite data facilitates analysis of successive change/monitoring over the longer period and there by forest biomass helping REDD mechanism. The historical archive satellite imagery, specifically Landsat, can play an important role for historical trend analysis of forest cover change at national level. Whereas the fresh high resolution satellite, such as ALOS, imagery can be used for detailed analysis of present forest cover status. ALOS satellite imagery is most suitable as it offers data with optical (AVNIR-2) as well as SAR (PALSAR) sensors. AVNIR-2 providing data in multispectral modes play due role in extracting forest information. In this study, a semi-automated approach has been devised for cloud/shadow and haze removal and land cover change detection. Cloud/shadow pixels are replaced by free pixels of same image with the help of PALSAR image. The tracking of pixel based land cover change for the 1995-2009 period in combination of Landsat and latest ALOS data from its AVNIR-2 for the tropical rain forest area has been carried out using Decision Tree Classifiers followed by un-supervised classification. As threshold for tree classifier, criteria of NDVI refined by reflectance value has been employed. The result shows all pixels have been successfully registered to the pre-defined 6 categories; in accordance with IPCC definition; of land cover types with an overall accuracy 80 percent.
Differentiation of copper pollution origin: agricultural and urban sources

Copper is a trace element essential to life, yet, at high doses it can be toxic to humans. At very low concentrations it is biocidal on algae, mosses and other microorganisms. Copper is not biodegradable, it accumulates in the environment and eventually reach hazardous concentrations levels. Copper origin in the waters is very diverse. In addition to natural origins, mainly from rock weathering and atmospheric deposition, its human use generates releases into the environment. These releases can be punctual (plants, sewer overflows, water treatment plants .) or diffuse, i.e. the rain washing of land, roads and roofs for instance.
Monitoring of the Yaquina Bay Entrance, North Jetty at Newport, Oregon; Summary and Results.

Abstract : The rubble-mound north jetty protecting the entrance to Yaquina Bay has experienced appreciable damage throughout its long service history. Since 1966 the north jetty has been rehabilitated twice after severe winter storm waves eroded the seawardmost 140 m (460 ft) of the jetty head. After the most recent rehabilitation in 1988 a 6-year jetty monitoring effort was initiated under the Corps of Engineers' Monitoring of Completed Coastal Projects Program. Principal purposes of the monitoring were to determine the likely cause for chronic damage to the Yaquina Bay north jetty, to improve monitoring methods for similar hostile environments, and to gain understanding of failure mechanisms associated with rubble-mounted structures. (AN)
HER-2 Expression in Colorectal Cancer and Its Correlation with Immune Cell Infiltration

Background: This study aimed to investigate the effect of increased HER-2 expression on tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) and determine its impact on the prognosis of colorectal cancer (CRC) patients; Methods: HER-2, CD4, CD8, CD19, LY6G, CD56, CD68, CD11b, and EpCam expression in CRC tissues and adjacent paracancerous tissues were assessed using multiplex fluorescence immunohistochemical staining. The correlation between HER-2 expression and the number of TILs in CRC tissues was analyzed. Kaplan–Meier and Cox proportional hazards models were used to analyze survival outcomes; Results: The expression of HER-2 in tumor tissues was higher than that in paracancerous tissues (1.31 ± 0.45 vs. 0.86 ± 0.20, p < 0.05). Additionally, there was an increase in the numbers of CD4+, CD8+, CD19+, and CD68+ cells in CRC tissues (14.11 ± 1.10 vs. 3.40 ± 0.18, p < 0.005; 0.16 ± 0.12 vs. 0.04 ± 0.04, p < 0.005; 0.71 ± 0.46 vs. 0.25 ± 0.13, p < 0.0005; 0.27 ± 0.24 vs. 0.03 ± 0.11, p < 0.05). An increase in HER-2 expression was positively correlated with an increase in CD4, CD8, and CD19 (p < 0.0001). In HER-2-positive CRC tissues, CD68 expression was increased (0.80 ± 0.55 vs. 0.25 ± 0.22, p < 0.05). In HER-2-upregulated CRC tissues, CD4, CD8, CD19, CD68, CD11b, Ly6G, and CD56 expressions were elevated (0.70 ± 0.37 vs. 0.32 ± 0.17, p = 0.03; 0.22 ± 0.13 vs. 0.09 ± 0.06, p = 0.03; 0.31 ± 0.19 vs. 0.12 ± 0.08, p = 0.02; 1.05 ± 0.62 vs. 0.43 ± 0.21, p < 0.01; 1.34 ± 0.81 vs. 0.53 ± 0.23, p < 0.01; 0.50 ± 0.31 vs. 0.19 ± 0.10, p < 0.01; 1.26 ± 0.74 vs. 0.52 ± 0.24, p < 0.01). Furthermore, increased HER-2 expression was an independent risk factor for recurrence-free survival (RFS) in patients (p < 0.01, HR = 3.421); Conclusions: The increased expression of HER-2 and its relationship with immune cells will provide new insights for immunotherapy in CRC patients.
Design, Development, Evaluation, and In Vivo Performance of Buccal Films Embedded with Paliperidone-Loaded Nanostructured Lipid Carriers

The therapeutic effectiveness of paliperidone in the treatment of schizophrenia has been limited by its poor oral bioavailability; hence, an alternative route could be appropriate. This study investigates the feasibility of developing a buccal film impregnated with paliperidone-loaded nanostructured lipid carriers (NLCs) and assesses the potential to enhance its bioavailability. Box–Behnken-based design optimization of NLCs was performed by examining the particles’ physical characteristics. The polymeric film was used to load optimized NLCs, which were then assessed for their pharmaceutical properties, permeability, and pharmacokinetics. The optimization outcomes indicated that selected formulation variables had a considerable (p < 0.05) impact on responses such as particle size, entrapment efficiency, and % drug release. Desired characteristics such as a negative charge, higher entrapment efficiency, and nanoparticles with ideal size distribution were shown by optimized NLC dispersions. The developed film demonstrated excellent physico-mechanical properties, appropriate texture, good drug excipient compatibility (chemically stable formulation), and amorphous drug nature. A sustained Weibull model drug release (p < 0.0005) and superior flux (~5-fold higher, p < 0.005) were seen in NLC-loaded film compared to plain-drug-loaded film. The pharmacokinetics profile in rabbits supports the goal of buccal therapy as evidenced by significantly higher AUC0–12 (p < 0.0001) and greater relative bioavailability (236%) than the control. These results support the conclusion that paliperidone-loaded NLC buccal film has the potential to be an alternate therapy for its effective administration in the treatment of schizophrenia.
Settlement of Embankments on Soft Clays

The topic of consolidation of clays was partially chosen because it was Terzaghi's first major contribution to what we now call geotechnical engineering, as well as due to the author's years of interest in the topic. This manuscript addresses practical aspects of the prediction of time-dependent settlement of embankments on soft clays. The problems addressed include site exploration; solid modeling of field data; problems associated with taking, handling, and testing soil samples; efficient reduction, storage, and display of laboratory data; and analytical methods to handle such routine problems as effective-stress dependent coefficients of consolidation, large strains, nonlinear stress-strain curves, multidirectional flow, and secondary effects. Furthermore, this manuscript considers the lessons we have learned from analysis of full-scale case histories. In spite of the range of topics, this is not a state-of-the-art paper, in that no attempt is made to provide a cross section of references on all relevant topics.
THE IMPACT OF TOTAL PHYSICAL ACTIVITY ON MICROVASCULAR COMPLICATIONS IN TYPE 1 DIABETES MELLITUS PATIENTS

SUMMARY The incidence of diabetes is increasing worldwide, emphasizing an emerging need for blood glucose control optimization to prevent the development of chronic complications and improve the quality of life. This retrospective cohort study aimed to investigate the effects of total physical activity on microvascular diabetic complication development in patients with type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM). The study included 71 T1DM patients, average age 41 years and HbA1c 7.78%. Most patients (82.1%) reported having hypoglycemia, while the minority of patients developed microvascular complications, mostly nonproliferative retinopathy (17.7%). All subjects included in the study were moderately or vigorously physically active. No association was observed between total physical activity and regulation of glycemia, hypoglycemic incidents, or development of microvascular complications. Until sufficient data from prospective studies become available, our data support the findings of no negative effect of higher intensity physical activity on the development of microvascular complications in T1DM patients.