Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Assumption University-eJournal of Interdisciplinary Research (AU-eJIR)

The purpose of this study is to examine the effect of paternalistic leadership dimensions (authoritarian, benevolent, and moral) on employee outcomes in small Thai firms. Outcomes examined include two intermediate outcomes (organizational commitment and job satisfaction) and one further outcome, resulting from organizational commitment and job satisfaction, which was self-reported in-role job performance. Paternalistic leadership was studied because of its cultural consonance in Thailand and its status as a frequently observed leadership approach. Data was collected from a sample of small firm employees in Thailand (n = 218). The study used a structural equation modelling (SEM)-based approach to examine the proposed relationships. The results showed that while benevolent and moral leadership had positive effects on employee organizational commitment and job satisfaction, authoritarian leadership had a weak negative effect on these two outcomes. Organizational commitment and job satisfaction had positive effects on job performance, with a stronger effect seen for organizational commitment. The implication of these findings is that some aspects of paternalistic leadership are effective for small firms in a Thai cultural context, but that authoritarian models of paternalistic leadership should not take precedence. This is useful information for small firm leaders as well as policymakers focusing on SME development.
Characterization and evolution of tropospheric plumes from Lascar and Villarrica volcanoes, Chile

Chile, reveal that both are significant and sustained emitters of SO2 (28 and 3.7 kg s � 1 , respectively), HCl (9.6 and 1.3 kg s � 1 , respectively), HF (4.5 and 0.3 kg s � 1 , respectively) and near-source sulfate aerosol (0.5 and 0.1 kg s � 1 , respectively). Aerosol plumes are characterized by particle number fluxes (0.08–4.0 mm radius) of � 10 17 s � 1 (Lascar) and � 10 16 s � 1 (Villarrica), the majority of which will act as cloud condensation nuclei at supersaturations >0.1%. Impactor studies suggest that the majority of these particles contain soluble SO4� . Most aerosol size distributions were bimodal with maxima at radii of 0.1–0.2 mm and 0.7–1.5 mm. The mean particle effective radius (Reff) ranged from 0.1 to 1.5 mm, and particle size evolution during transport appears to be controlled by particle water uptake (Villarrica) or loss (Lascar) rather than sulfate production. INDEX TERMS: 0305 Atmospheric Composition and Structure: Aerosols and particles (0345, 4801); 0322 Atmospheric Composition and Structure: Constituent sources and sinks; 0365 Atmospheric Composition and Structure: Troposphere—composition and chemistry; 8409 Volcanology: Atmospheric effects (0370); 8494 Volcanology: Instruments and techniques; KEYWORDS: volcanoes, degassing, aerosol sulphur dioxide, sulphate, Llaima
Chloroform in a pristine aquifer system: Toward an evidence of biogenic origin

Ambient air, soil air, and groundwater were monitored for volatile halogenated organic compounds in a pristine spruce forest at Klosterhede, Denmark. Although this location is remote from industrial areas and free of any point sources of either soil or groundwater contamination, several volatile chlorinated hydrocarbons were detected. The concentration profiles of chloroform indicated a formation of this compound in the soil. Low concentrations were found in ambient air (0.02 ng L−1), higher concentrations in the upper soil layers (9.6 ng L−1 at 0.75 m below the surface), and a decrease with increasing depth (down to 1.5 ng L−1 just above the groundwater table at 7.5 m below the surface). For the other identified chlorinated compounds the concentration profiles were different from those of chloroform and exhibited less systematic variation between ambient air and soil air and with increasing depth. In the phreatic groundwater, high concentrations (up to 1.6 μg L−1) of chloroform and low concentrations (<0.01 μg L−1) of the other chlorinated compounds identified in air were found. Of the seven volatile brominated and iodinated compounds analyzed in ambient air, soil air, and groundwater, only bromoform was found and only in the upper soil layer. For chloroform a formation in the spruce forest soil is suggested, leading to concentrations in the groundwater in the micrograms per liter range.
National Hospital Ambulatory Medical Care Survey: 1999 emergency department summary.

OBJECTIVES This report describes ambulatory care visits to hospital emergency departments (ED's) in the United States. Statistics are presented on selected hospital, patient, and visit characteristics. Highlights of trends in ED utilization from 1992 through 1999 are also presented. METHODS The data presented in this report were collected from the 1999 National Hospital Ambulatory Medical Care Survey (NHAMCS). NHAMCS is part of the ambulatory care component of the National Health Care Survey that measures health care utilization across various types of providers. NHAMCS is a national probability survey of visits to hospital emergency and outpatient departments of non-Federal, short-stay, and general hospitals in the United States. Sample data are weighted to produce annual national estimates. Trends are based on NHAMCS data for 1992, 1993-94, 1995-96, 1997-98, and 1999. RESULTS During 1999, an estimated 102.8 million visits were made to hospital ED's in the United States, about 37.8 visits per 100 persons. The volume of ED visits increased by 14 percent from 1992 through 1999, though no trend was observed in the overall population-based visit rates. There was a significant increase in the visit rate for black persons 75 years of age and over. In 1999, persons 75 years of age and over had the highest ED visit rate and 41.5 percent of these patients arrived by ambulance. There were an estimated 37.6 million injury-related ED visits during 1999, or 13.8 visits per 100 persons. Seventy-four percent of injury-related ED visits were made by persons under 45 years of age. Injury visit rates were higher for males than females in each age group under 45 years. The case mix of visits at ED's changed since 1992, with a greater percent of visits presenting with illness rather than injury conditions. Abdominal pain, chest pain, fever, and headache were the leading patient complaints accounting for one-fifth of all visits. Acute upper respiratory infection was the leading illness-related diagnosis at ED visits. Increases were observed in visits where no complete diagnosis could be made (16.2 percent of visits in 1999). Diagnostic and/or screening services were provided at 89.0 percent of visits, procedures were performed at 42.5 percent of visits, and medications were provided at 72.5 percent of visits. Pain relief drugs accounted for 31.1 percent of the medications mentioned. Trend data from 1992 indicated that the use of medications at ED visits increased. In 1999, approximately 13 percent of ED visits ended in hospital admission. Facility-level data indicated that there is variation among hospital ED's with respect to case mix, number of services provided, and case disposition distributions, especially the percent admitted to the hospital.
C/EBP (cid:1) and DEK coordinately regulate myeloid differentiation

The transcription factor C/EBP (cid:1) is a critical mediator of myeloid differentiation and is often functionally impaired in acute myeloid leukemia. Recent studies have suggested that oncogenic FLT3 activity disrupts wild-type C/EBP (cid:1) function via phosphorylation on serine 21 (S21). Despite the apparent role of pS21 as a negative regulator of C/EBP (cid:1) transcription activity, the mechanism by which phosphorylation tips the balance between transcriptionally competent and inhibited forms remains unresolved. In the present study, we used immuno-afﬁnity puriﬁcation combined with quantitative mass spectrometry to delineate the proteins associated with C/EBP (cid:1) on chromatin. We identiﬁed DEK, a protein with genetic links to leukemia, as a member of the C/EBP (cid:1) complexes, and demonstrate that this association is disrupted by S21 phosphorylation. We conﬁrmed that DEK is recruited speciﬁcally to chromatin with C/EBP (cid:1) to enhance GCSFR3 promoter activation. In addition, we demonstrated that genetic depletion of DEK reduces the ability of C/EBP (cid:1) to drive the expression of granulocytic target genes in vitro and disrupts G-CSF–mediated granulocytic differentiation of fresh human BM-derived CD34 (cid:2) cells. Our data suggest that C/EBP (cid:1) and DEK coordinately activate myeloid gene expression and that S21 phosphorylation on wild-type C/EBP (cid:1) mediates protein interactions that regulate the differentiation capacity of hematopoietic progenitors. 4878-4888)
Organising care for chronic illness

A major and increasing task for health services is the management of chronic illness. Although the details of chronic illness management will depend on the illness in question, many of the principles are common to all chronic conditions. [][1] Treating chronic conditions must involve the family Whatever health services may offer, most of the day to day responsibilities for the care of chronic illness fall on patients and their families. Planners and organisers of medical care must therefore recognise that health care will be most effective if it is delivered in collaboration with patients and their families. To enable patients to play an active role in their care, health services must not only provide good medical treatment but also improve patients' knowledge and self management skills. This can be done by supplementing medical care with educational and cognitive behavioural interventions. Chronic disease treatment programmes have tended to underestimate the need for this aspect of care, and, consequently, many treatment programmes have been psychologically naive and, as a result, less effective than they could have been. #### Common elements of effective chronic illness management Services also need to be not merely reactive to patients' requests but proactive with planned follow up. Finally, to be most efficient, interventions are best organised in a stepped fashion—that is, the more complex and expensive interventions are given only when simpler and cheaper ones have been shown to be inadequate or inappropriate. ### Collaboration with patients and families To win the collaboration of patients and their families, those providing care need to negotiate and agree on a definition of the problem they are working on with each patient. They must then agree on the … [1]: /embed/graphic-1.gif
El Granito Potrerillos de la Precordillera de Jagüé, La Rioja: caracterización petrológica, geoquímica y geocronológica

The PoTrerillos GraniTe of The Precordillera of JaGüe, la rioJa: PeTroloGical, Geochemical and GeochronoloGical characTerizaTion. The Potrerillos Granite crops out in a complex tectonic area related with different geological provinces, in the northern Precordillera. The pluton intrudes Ordovician metasedimentary sequence near the tectonic boundary with the Western Pampean Ranges mesoproterozoic basement. To the southwest, it is affected by the ‘Jagüé shear belt’. The pluton is composed by monzonites and granodiorites and subordinated granites, alkaline-granites, tonalites, diorites, sienodiorites and gabbros. It is a shallow I-type granitoid, calc-alkaline with some alkaline tendency, showing peraluminous to metaaluminous and potassium-rich geochemical characteristics. In the REE diagram the samples record absence of a Eu anomaly. The slightly positive values of εNd indicate a derivation from a less evolved crust. The petrologic and geochemical signatures are consistent with a subduction-related volcanic arc tectonic setting in an active continental margin. U-Pb zircon ages obtained for three samples place the main magmatism in the Early Carboniferous. One of the analyzed samples has crystals with discordant nuclei with older age, which may correspond to crystals formed early and reabsorbed before joining the main magmatic pulse by assimilation and/or mingling. This Granite was considered within the Gondwanic magmatic cycle of the Frontal Cordillera; however the isotopic data and its deformation show that the main magmatic activity was developed before the Rio Blanco and San Rafael tectonic phases. Considering the field relationships, geochemical signature and composition, it can also be assigned to the set of late to postectonic granitoids developed during the Famatinian orogeny (Chanic phase). Palabras clave: magmatismo carbonífero, fase Chánica, mingling.
Perspectives on long‐term variations in hypoxic conditions in western Long Island Sound

[1] Western Long Island Sound (wLIS) has experienced a long-term decline in the July/August summer minima bottom dissolved oxygen concentrations. This decline continues despite New York City having eliminated routine raw discharges of sewage, upgraded sewage treatment to nearly complete secondary, and introduced nitrogen control. It is our conclusion that long-term changes in physical oceanographic processes are having an impact on the hypoxia problem in wLIS. Specifically, we show that interannual variations in summertime thermal and haline stratification contribute to variations in vertical mixing which controls the ventilation of bottom waters. Analyses of bottom dissolved oxygen and density stratification point directly to the importance of wind-induced current shear in controlling stratification and vertical mixing; numerical simulations support this result. Interannual variations in both the direction and directional constancy of summertime winds over wLIS are shown to control the ventilation of bottom waters and thereby the seasonal development of hypoxia.
Pressure Effects on the Superconducting and Spin-Density-Wave States of the Newly Discovered Sm(O1-xFx)FeAs

High temperature superconductors with a Tc above 40 K have been found to be strongly correlated electron systems and to have a layered structure. Guided by these rules, Kamihara et al. discovered a Tc up to 26 K in the layered La(O1-xFx)FeAs. By replacing La with tri-valence rare-earth elements RE of smaller ionic radii, Tc has subsequently been raised to 41-52 K. Many theoretical models have been proposed emphasizing the important magnetic origin of superconductivity in this compound system and a possible further Tc-enhancement in RE(O1-xFx)FeAs by compression. This later prediction appears to be supported by the pressure-induced Tc-increase in La(O0.89F0.11)FeAs observed. Here we show that, in contrast to previous expectations, pressure can either suppress or enhance Tc, depending on the doping level, suggesting that a Tc exceeding 50's K may be found only in the yet-to-be discovered compound systems related to but different from R(O1-xFx)FeAs and that the Tc of La(O1-xFx)FeAs and Sm(O1-xFx)FeAs may be further raised to 50's K.
The Unified Neutral Theory of Biodiversity and Biogeography

study of the issue indicates that it is not a serious problem for neutral theory, for reasons we discuss below. First, a bit of background. Hubbell (2001) derived the analytical expression for the stochastic mean and variance of the abundance of a single arbitrary species in a neutral community undergoing immigration from a metacommunity source area. However, his approach did not lend itself to an analytical solution for the distribution of relative species abundance (RSA) in a multispecies community for community sizes larger than a handful of individuals. As a result, all of Hubbell's RSA distributions for local communities were based on simulations. This problem was solved by Volkov et al. (2003), who derived an analytical expression for the RSA distribution in local communities of arbitrary size. However, as Chisholm and Burgman noted, there is sometimes a difference between some of the simulation-based results of Hubbell and the analytical results of Volkov et al. (2003). Chisholm and Burgman computed Volkov's equation and resimulated Hubbell's results for the four cases
Enhanced polyglucan contents in divergent cyanobacteria under nutrient-deprived photoautotrophy: transcriptional and metabolic changes in response to increased glycogen accumulation in nitrogen-deprived Synechocystis sp. PCC 6803

Cyanobacteria accumulate polyglucan as main carbohydrate storage. Here, the cellular polyglucan content was determined in 27 cyanobacterial strains from 25 genera. The polyglucan contents were significantly enhanced in 20 and 23 strains under nitrogen (–N) and phosphate (–P) deprivation, respectively. High polyglucan accumulation was not associated with particular evolutionary groups but was strain specific. The highest polyglucan accumulations of 46.2% and 52.5% (w/w dry weight; DW) were obtained under –N in Synechocystis sp. PCC 6803 (hereafter Synechocystis ) and Chroococcus limneticus , respectively. In Synechocystis , 80–97% (w/w) of the polyglucan was glycogen. Transcriptome and metabolome analyses during glycogen accumulation under –N were determined in Synechocystis. The genes responsible for the supply of the substrates for glycogen synthesis: glycerate-1,3-phosphate and fructose-1,6-phosphate, were significantly up-regulated. The genes encoding the enzymes converting succinate to malate in TCA cycle, were significantly down-regulated. The genes encoding the regulator proteins which inhibits metabolism at lower part of glycolysis pathway, were also significantly up-regulated. The transcript levels of PII protein and the level of 2-oxoglutarate, which form a complex that inhibits lower part of glycolysis pathway, were significantly increased. Thus, the increased Synechocystis glycogen accumulation under –N was likely to be mediated by the increased supply of glycogen synthesis substrates and metabolic inhibitions at lower part of glycolysis pathway and TCA cycle.
Prevention of Candida albicans Biofilm Formation

Biofilm formation is often considered to be the underlying reason why treatment with an antimicrobial agent fails and as an estimated 65-80% of all infections is thought to be biofilm-related, this presents a serious challenge. Considerable attention has been devoted to the development of modified materials that prevent (or at least drastically reduce) microbial biofilm formation. In this review we present an overview of the approaches that have been used to prevent biofilm formation by the fungal pathogen Candida albicans.
PSPARQL Query Containment

Querying the semantic web is mainly done through SPARQL. This language has been studied from different perspectives such as optimization and extension. One of its extensions, PSPARQL (Path SPARQL) provides queries with paths of arbitrary length. We study the static analysis of queries written in this language, in particular, containment of queries: determining whether, for any graph, the answers to a query are contained in those of another query. Our approach consists in encoding RDF graphs as transition systems and queries as \mu-calculus formulas and then reducing the containment problem to testing satisfiability in the logic.
Motion Compression using Principal Geodesics Analysis

Due to the growing need for large quantities of human animation data in the entertainment industry, it has became a necessity to compress motion capture sequences in order to ease their storage and transmission. We present a novel, lossy compression method for human motion data that exploits both temporal and spatial coherence. We first build a compact skeleton pose model from a single motion using Principal Geodesics Analysis (PGA). The key idea is to perform compression by only storing the model parameters along with the end-joints and root joint trajectories in the output data. The input data are recovered by optimizing PGA variables to match end-effectors positions in an inverse kinematics approach. Our experimental results show that considerable compression rates can be obtained using our method, with few reconstruction and perceptual errors. Thanks to the embedding of the pose model, our system can also be suitable for motion editing purposes. Key-words: motion capture, compression, principal geodesic analysis, inverse kinematics ∗ Université de Grenoble † Laboratoire Jean Kuntzmann ‡ INRIA Rhône-Alpes § Université Bretagne Sud in ria -0 03 21 98 3, v er si on 1 16 S ep 2 00 8 Compression de données de mouvement par Analyse en Géodésiques Principales Résumé : Pour faire face à l’augmentation constante des besoins en données de mouvement humain dans l’industrie de l’image, il est devenu nécéssaire de compresser les séquences de capture de mouvement, ceci afin de faciliter à la fois leur stockage et leur transmission. Ce document propose une nouvelle méthode de compression avec pertes de telles données, exploitant à la fois la cohérence spatiale et temporelle. La variété des poses composant une animation est tout d’abord approximée par Analyse en Géodésiques Principales. Nous proposons ensuite un algorithme de cinématique inverse cherchant à satisfaire de manière itérative des contraintes de positions d’articulations dans cet espace réduit. La compression s’effectue en ne conservant d’une animation que les trajectoires des extrêmités du squelette, elle-mêmes compressées par interpolation spline, ainsi que les paramètres décrivant la variété des poses. La décompression s’effectue simplement par l’algorithme de cinématique inverse en utilisant les trajectoires décompressées. Nos résultats expérimentaux montrent que de très forts taux de compression peuvent ainsi être obtenus tout en conservant une bonne qualité visuelle. Tous les ingrédients sont en outre réunis pour permettre l’édition des mouvements compressés par cette technique tout en conservant des poses semblabes à celles issues de l’animation d’origine. Mots-clés : capture de mouvement, compression, analyse en géodésiques principales, cinématique inverse in ria -0 03 21 98 3, v er si on 1 16 S ep 2 00 8 Motion Compression using Principal Geodesics Analysis 3
The Factors Affecting Forest Colonisation of Fynbos in the Absence of Recurrent Fire at Orange Kloof, Cape Province, South Africa

SYNOPSIS Recent investigations have pointed to soil moisture as being the factor controlling the extent of the forest-fynbos ecotone. This study was undertaken to investigate the effects of soil texture and soil nutrient status on forest margin dynamics. Data analysis revealed a clear distinction between forested and fynbos plots which was also reflected in environmental variables. Forested plots had a lower percentage sand content and a higher percentage silt, cation exchange capacity, total cations, pH, phosphorus content and theoretical moisture index than fynbos plots. Soils of forested plots were deeper and the more senescent vegetation had a greater regeneration capacity than fynbos plots. Seed dispersal by birds may account for unexplained discrepancies in correlating vegetation and edaphic factors.
A new method for calibrating a boron isotope paleo‐pH proxy using massive Porites corals

The boron isotope ratio (δ11B) of marine biogenic carbonates can reconstruct pH and pCO2 of seawater, and potentially CO2 concentration in the atmosphere. To date, δ11B‐pHSW calibration has been proposed via culturing experiments, where calcifying organisms are cultured under artificially acidified seawater. However, in scleractinian corals, reconstructed pH values using culture‐based calibrations do not agree well with actual observations of seawater CO2 chemistry. Thus, another approach is needed to establish a more reliable calibration method. In this study, we established field‐based calibrations for Chichijima and Tahiti, both located in subtropical gyres where surface seawater is close to CO2 equilibrium. We suggest a new approach to calibration of δ11B‐pH in which the long‐term δ11B variation of massive Porites corals is compared with the decreasing pH trend (i.e., ocean acidification) that has occurred since the Industrial Revolution. This calibration will offer a new avenue for studying seawater CO2 chemistry using coral δ11B in diverse settings, such as upwelling regions, coral reefs, and coastal areas.