Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis of New Interventions for Peripheral Intravenous Cannulation of Children

Objective Establishing intravenous access in children is often challenging for health professionals. Multiple attempts at peripheral intravenous cannulation (PIVC) cause increased pain and delayed delivery of therapy. Our objective was to synthesize and evaluate the best evidence for novel interventions designed to improve pediatric PIVC. Methods We searched for published and unpublished studies using MEDLINE, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, EMBASE, CINAHL, Web of Science, ClinicalTrials.gov, and Google.ca. We included studies for meta-analysis if they were randomized, evaluated an intervention other than ultrasound, and reported on 1 of 3 primary outcome measures: success or failure of PIVC, number of attempts to successful cannulation, and procedure time. Two blinded reviewers assessed studies for eligibility and applied a data extraction form to those included. Study quality was assessed using the Cochrane Risk of Bias Tool. Results Seven studies met the inclusion criteria. Randomized controlled trials (RCTs) of 3 different interventions were identified. A meta-analysis of 3 RCTs found that use of a transilluminator was associated with a decreased risk of first-attempt PIVC failure (risk ratio, 0.66; confidence interval, 0.41–1.06). Meta-analysis of 3 other RCTs found that near-infrared light devices do not impact the risk of first-attempt PIVC failure (risk ratio, 0.99; confidence interval, 0.74–1.33). Conclusions Near-infrared light devices might be efficacious in selected subpopulations, but the available evidence does not support an overall benefit in the pediatric population. Transilluminators modestly improve pediatric PIVC, but the clinical significance of this benefit is questionable. Nitroglycerin ointments may increase the risk of PIVC failure and are associated with adverse effects.
The mechanism research of Transactive Memory System influence enterprise team performance

As a knowledge management system which can help team members understand other's expertise and skills, Transactive Memory System(TMS) is of great significance to improve the level of the enterprise team performance. This study constructed a relational model between TMS and enterprise team performance, via some statistical analysis methods like factor analysis and regression analysis, doing confirmatory empirical analysis about the relationship between the TMS and team performance. Results show that transactive memory system has different degree of significant effect on team performance. The coordinate dimension is the most relative one to the team performance. Knowledge integration plays an intermediary role in the relationship between the TMS and the team performance. As a vertical team knowledge processing and integrating system, TMS can develop the stock of the whole team knowledge and make efficient use of it.
The Processing of Color, Motion, and Stimulus Timing Are Anatomically Segregated in the Bumblebee Brain

Animals use vision to perform such diverse behaviors as finding food, interacting socially with other animals, choosing a mate, and avoiding predators. These behaviors are complex and the visual system must process color, motion, and pattern cues efficiently so that animals can respond to relevant stimuli. The visual system achieves this by dividing visual information into separate pathways, but to what extent are these parallel streams separated in the brain? To answer this question, we recorded intracellularly in vivo from 105 morphologically identified neurons in the lobula, a major visual processing structure of bumblebees (Bombus impatiens). We found that these cells have anatomically segregated dendritic inputs confined to one or two of six lobula layers. Lobula neurons exhibit physiological characteristics common to their respective input layer. Cells with arborizations in layers 1–4 are generally indifferent to color but sensitive to motion, whereas layer 5–6 neurons often respond to both color and motion cues. Furthermore, the temporal characteristics of these responses differ systematically with dendritic branching pattern. Some layers are more temporally precise, whereas others are less precise but more reliable across trials. Because different layers send projections to different regions of the central brain, we hypothesize that the anatomical layers of the lobula are the structural basis for the segregation of visual information into color, motion, and stimulus timing.
Medical Exercise Therapy is Effective After Arthroscopic Surgery of Degenerative Meniscus of the Knee: A Randomized Controlled Trial

Background There is no consensus in postoperative rehabilitation regimen for people who had undergone surgery for degenerative medial meniscus damage. The aim of this study was to examine whether it is beneficial to undergo postoperative physiotherapy after surgery for these patients. Methods A prospective randomized controlled clinical trial. Over a 4 month period, 70 participants were randomly assigned into a high repetitive, high dosage medical exercise therapy group (EG) (n = 36) or into a control group (CG) (n = 34). Pain was a composite score of visual analogue scale (VAS). Function was measured with a functional assessment questionnaire (KOOS). Muscle strength was measured with a five repetition maximum test of quadriceps femoris. Results Prognostic variables were similar between the groups at baseline. Five (7%) people dropped out during the treatment period. The EG achieved significantly better outcome effects than the CG at pain (VAS reduced 1.9 in EG and 0.6 in CG) and function (KOOS decreased 18 in EG and only 6 in CG). Conclusions For people who have undergone surgery for degenerative meniscus damage, postoperative high repetitive, high dosage medical exercise therapy is an efficient treatment alternative compared to no rehabilitation.
Ictal Depth EEG and MRI Structural Evidence for Two Different Epileptogenic Networks in Mesial Temporal Lobe Epilepsy

Hypersynchronous (HYP) and low voltage fast (LVF) activity are two separate ictal depth EEG onsets patterns often recorded in presurgical patients with MTLE. Evidence suggests the mechanisms generating HYP and LVF onset seizures are distinct, including differential involvement of hippocampal and extra-hippocampal sites. Yet the extent of extra-hippocampal structural alterations, which could support these two common seizures, is not known. In the current study, preoperative MRI from 24 patients with HYP or LVF onset seizures were analyzed to determine changes in cortical thickness and relate structural changes to spatiotemporal properties of the ictal EEG. Overall, onset and initial ipsilateral spread of HYP onset seizures involved mesial temporal structures, whereas LVF onset seizures involved mesial and lateral temporal as well as orbitofrontal cortex. MRI analysis found reduced cortical thickness correlated with longer duration of epilepsy. However, in patients with HYP onsets, the most affected areas were on the medial surface of each hemisphere, including parahippocampal regions and cingulate gyrus, whereas in patients with LVF onsets, the lateral surface of the anterior temporal lobe and orbitofrontal cortex showed the greatest effect. Most patients with HYP onset seizures were seizure-free after resective surgery, while a higher proportion of patients with LVF onset seizures had only worthwhile improvement. Our findings confirm the view that recurrent seizures cause progressive changes in cortical thickness, and provide information concerning the structural basis of two different epileptogenic networks responsible for MTLE. One, identified by HYP ictal onsets, chiefly involves hippocampus and is associated with excellent outcome after standardized anteromedial temporal resection, while the other also involves lateral temporal and orbitofrontal cortex and a seizure-free surgical outcome occurs less after this procedure. These results suggest that a more extensive tailored resection may be required for patients with the second type of MTLE.
Guiding Resource Allocations Based on Terrorism Risk

Establishing tolerable levels of risk is one of the most contentious and important risk management decisions. With every regulatory or funding decision for a risk management program, society decides whether or not risk is tolerable. The Urban Area Security Initiative (UASI) is a Department of Homeland Security (DHS) grant program designed to enhance security and overall preparedness to prevent, respond to, and recover from acts of terrorism by providing financial assistance for planning, equipment, training, and exercise needs of large urban areas. After briefly reviewing definitions of terrorism risk and rationales for risk‐based resource allocation, this article compares estimates of terrorism risk in urban areas that received UASI funding in 2004 to other federal risk management decisions. This comparison suggests that UASI allocations are generally consistent with other federal risk management decisions. However, terrorism risk in several cities that received funding is below levels that are often tolerated in other risk management contexts. There are several reasons why the conclusions about terrorism risk being de minimis in specific cities should be challenged. Some of these surround the means used to estimate terrorism risk for this study. Others involve the comparison that is made to other risk management decisions. However, many of the observations reported are valid even if reported terrorism risk estimates are several orders of magnitude too low. Discussion of resource allocation should be extended to address risk tolerance and include explicit comparisons, like those presented here, to other risk management decisions.
Differential Effects of Donor Age in Liver Transplant Recipients Infected With Hepatitis B, Hepatitis C and Without Viral Hepatitis

The variable impact of specific risk factors on survival outcomes based on pre‐transplantation diagnosis was analyzed in adult liver transplant recipients reported to the Scientific Registry of Transplant Recipients: 778 with hepatitis B (HBV), 3463 with hepatitis C (HCV) and 7429 without viral hepatitis. Graft and patient survival for the HBV and no viral hepatitis groups did not differ significantly. The HCV group had significantly lower graft (p = 0.0019) and patient survival (p < 0.0001) than the no viral hepatitis group. Patient survival was significantly lower (p = 0.0011) for HCV compared to HBV patients; differences in graft survival approached significance (p = 0.0561). Donor age, which was not a risk factor in patients with HBV, was the strongest predictor of graft loss and death in patients with HCV, starting with donors >40 years. Donor age >60 years was the strongest predictor of graft loss and death in patients without viral hepatitis. The risks of graft loss and death were reduced for patients on tacrolimus‐based immunosuppression with mycophenolate mofetil, regardless of disease etiology. There are clear differences in risk factors for poor outcomes based on underlying liver disease, particularly with regard to the impact of donor age.
RYBP stimulates PRC1 to shape chromatin-based communication between Polycomb repressive complexes

Polycomb group (PcG) proteins function as chromatin-based transcriptional repressors that are essential for normal gene regulation during development. However, how these systems function to achieve transcriptional regulation remains very poorly understood. Here, we discover that the histone H2AK119 E3 ubiquitin ligase activity of Polycomb repressive complex 1 (PRC1) is defined by the composition of its catalytic subunits and is highly regulated by RYBP/YAF2-dependent stimulation. In mouse embryonic stem cells, RYBP plays a central role in shaping H2AK119 mono-ubiquitylation at PcG targets and underpins an activity-based communication between PRC1 and Polycomb repressive complex 2 (PRC2) which is required for normal histone H3 lysine 27 trimethylation (H3K27me3). Without normal histone modification-dependent communication between PRC1 and PRC2, repressive Polycomb chromatin domains can erode, rendering target genes susceptible to inappropriate gene expression signals. This suggests that activity-based communication and histone modification-dependent thresholds create a localized form of epigenetic memory required for normal PcG chromatin domain function in gene regulation. DOI: http://dx.doi. org/10.7554/eLife.18591. 001
Prevalence of Lower Urinary Tract Symptoms and Seeking Acupuncture Treatment in Men and Women Aged 40 Years or Older: A Community- Based Epidemiological Study in Japan.

Purpose) We made a population-based epidemiological study to clarify the prevalence of lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS) and whether subjects seek acupuncture treatment for LUTS in community-dwelling Japanese men and women aged 40 years or older. (Methods) In August 2003 a total of 793 men and women (285 males and 508 females) aged 40 years or older, completed a self-administered questionnaire including the International Prostate Symptom Score (IPSS), the IPSS quality of life index (IPSS QOL index), the International Consultation on Incontinence Questionnaire Short Form (ICIQ-SF) and an additional question on self-perception for the treatment of LUTS during a com- munity-based health screening program of Yakumo Town, Hokkaido Prefecture in Japan. Collected data were used to estimate the prevalence of LUTS and treatments sought for symptoms. (Results) Total IPSS score and the IPSS QOL index increased significantly with age in men (p<0.001 and p=0.04, respectively) but not in women (p=0.12 and 0.29, respectively). Of all the subjects 14.2% (19.3% in men, 11.4% in women) had moderate to severe LUTS based on the total IPSS score. In addition, 15.3% (19.6% in men, 12.8% in women) had expressed themselves as mostly unsatisfied, unhappy or terrible with regard to their LUTS based on the IPSS QOL index. Of all the participants 24.1% (13.3% in men, 30.1% in women) had at least one episode of urinary incontinence within the previous month. Of all the subjects 28.2% (30.2% in men, 27.2% in women) were seeking consultations or treatment by a general practitioner or urologist. Only 0.6% were seeking treatment by acupuncture. (Conclusions) LUTS are a common disorder and impair QOL among community-dwelling men and women aged 40 years or older. However, few individuals seek treatment by acupuncture. More information and public education on the treatments for LUTS seem to be necessary to increase the number of patients who seek acupuncture treatment.
Thrombocytopenia in a surgical ICU.

STUDY OBJECTIVES To assess the incidence of thrombocytopenia in surgical ICU patients, the factors associated with thrombocytopenia, the outcome of thrombocytopenic patients, and the possible mechanisms involved. DESIGN Prospective study. SETTING An 8-bed surgical ICU in an 885-bed teaching hospital. PATIENTS 147 consecutive patients admitted to the surgical ICU during a 6-month period. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Incidence of thrombocytopenia (defined by a platelet count < 100,000/mm3), risk factors for thrombocytopenia, or death in thrombocytopenic patients identified by a stepwise logistic regression analysis, as well as the mechanisms involved. RESULTS Thrombocytopenia occurred in 52 patients (35%) with a mortality rate of 38%, compared with a 20% mortality rate in nonthrombocytopenic patients (p = 0.02). Sepsis, episodes of bleeding or transfusions, and an acute physiology and chronic health evaluation (APACHE) II score of > 15 were the independent risk factors identified for thrombocytopenia. The correction of thrombocytopenia was a protective factor reducing the risk of mortality in thrombocytopenic patients. Disseminated intravascular coagulation was found in 40% of thrombocytopenic patients, elevated platelet-associated IgG in 33%, and hemophagocytic histiocytes in 67%. Combinations of two of these mechanisms were demonstrated in one quarter of thrombocytopenic patients. CONCLUSIONS Sepsis was the major independent risk factor identified. Thrombocytopenic patients had a higher ICU mortality due to the severity of overall clinical status. Bone marrow examination could be diagnostic when no obvious causes are demonstrated. Thrombocytopenia probably reflects the severity and course of an underlying pathologic condition, as its correction appears to be a good prognostic factor.
White Fat Progenitor Cells Reside in the Adipose Vasculature

White adipose (fat) tissues regulate metabolism, reproduction, and life span. Adipocytes form throughout life, with the most marked expansion of the lineage occurring during the postnatal period. Adipocytes develop in coordination with the vasculature, but the identity and location of white adipocyte progenitor cells in vivo are unknown. We used genetically marked mice to isolate proliferating and renewing adipogenic progenitors. We found that most adipocytes descend from a pool of these proliferating progenitors that are already committed, either prenatally or early in postnatal life. These progenitors reside in the mural cell compartment of the adipose vasculature, but not in the vasculature of other tissues. Thus, the adipose vasculature appears to function as a progenitor niche and may provide signals for adipocyte development.
Immediately loaded titanium implants with a porous anodized surface with at least 36 months of follow-up.

BACKGROUND Results from some studies clearly suggest that immediate loading can achieve equal success rates as those found in delayed or unloaded implants. There is still a lack of knowledge about the role of surface oxide properties during the peri-implant bone healing processes. PURPOSE The aim of this study was a clinical follow-up study of immediately loaded implants with a porous anodized surface. MATERIALS AND METHODS A total of 142 TiUnite (Nobel Biocare, Göteborg, Sweden) implants were inserted from January to September 2001. All implants have been used in fixed restorations. Fifty implants were inserted in completely edentulous mandibles, and 69 implants were inserted in completely edentulous maxillae. All 119 implants were subjected to immediate functional loading (IFL) (immediate restoration with full occlusal contact). The other 23 implants, inserted in 12 patients, underwent immediate nonfunctional loading (INFL) (immediate restoration without occlusal contact) in different anatomical configurations (single tooth, small bridges in the anterior mandible, anterior maxilla, and posterior maxilla). All 142 implants have been followed for at least 3 years. RESULTS All implants appeared to be osseointegrated from a clinical and radiographic point of view. No failures were observed in the IFL and INFL groups. The implant success was 100%. The mean marginal bone loss was 0.8 and 1.0 mm at 12 and 36 months, respectively. CONCLUSION Implants with a porous anodized surface appear to work well under an immediate loading state in the long term.
Validation of Automated Scoring of Science Assessments.

Constructed response items can both measure the coherence of student ideas and serve as reflective experiences to strengthen instruction. We report on new automated scoring technologies that can reduce the cost and complexity of scoring constructed-response items. This study explored the accuracy of c-rater-ML, an automated scoring engine developed by Educational Testing Service, for scoring eight science inquiry items that require students to use evidence to explain complex phenomena. Automated scoring showed satisfactory agreement with human scoring for all test takers as well as specific subgroups. These findings suggest that c-rater-ML offers a promising solution to scoring constructed-response science items and has the potential to increase the use of these items in both instruction and assessment. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Res Sci Teach 53: 215–233, 2016.
Learning Future Classifiers without Additional Data

We propose probabilistic models for predicting future classifiers given labeled data with timestamps collected until the current time. In some applications, the decision boundary changes over time. For example, in spam mail classification, spammers continuously create new spam mails to overcome spam filters, and therefore, the decision boundary that classifies spam or non-spam can vary. Existing methods require additional labeled and/or unlabeled data to learn a time-evolving decision boundary. However, collecting these data can be expensive or impossible. By incorporating time-series models to capture the dynamics of a decision boundary, the proposed model can predict future classifiers without additional data. We developed two learning algorithms for the proposed model on the basis of variational Bayesian inference. The effectiveness of the proposed method is demonstrated with experiments using synthetic and real-world data sets.
The mud, the blood, and the beer guys: Organizational osmosis in blue‐collar work groups

Abstract This essay examines the communicative processes associated with organizational assimilation within blue‐collar work groups in a manufacturing company. The study hinges on a heretofore unidentified variation to traditional assimilation models, labeled as organizational osmosis. Organizational osmosis refers to the seemingly effortless adoption of the ideas, values, and culture of an organization on the basis of preexisting socialization experiences. The study explores how a common ideological grounding and anticipatory socialization experiences increase identification mechanisms among work group members. This ideological grounding is influenced by interaction with family, friends, and peers during anticipatory stages and results in organizational osmosis. Because these newcomers strongly identify with the values and goals of the organization, these members submit to mechanisms of control and discipline in their work group. The essay concludes with implications for the future study of communication within blue‐collar work populations.
Building a Testis: Formation of Functional Testis Tissue after Transplantation of Isolated Porcine (Sus scrofa) Testis Cells1

Abstract During mammalian development, morphogenesis of the testis requires the coordinated interplay of somatic cells to form seminiferous cords in which the primitive germ cells reside. These cords are the precursor of the functional male gonad and as such form the basis of male fertility. Cell migration during mammalian organogenesis and formation of complex tissues, such as the testis, are difficult to study in situ. Herein, we report extensive rearrangement of cells to regenerate complete functional testis tissue after implantation of isolated neonatal porcine testis cells under the skin of immunodeficient mice. Somatic cells and germ cells reorganized into structures that have remarkable morphologic and physiologic similarity to normal testis tissue, forming the endocrine and spermatogenic compartment of the testis. This unique in vivo system provides an accessible model for the study of testicular morphogenesis that could be especially useful in nonrodent species.