Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Differential involvement of adrenal and gonadal steroids in anterior and intermediate pituitary pro-opiomelanocortin mRNA expression induced by the endogenous benzodiazepine, octadecaneuropeptide, in adult male rats.

The involvement of the endogenous benzodiazepine, octadecaneuropeptide (ODN), in the regulation of proopiomelanocortin (POMC) mRNA expression at the pituitary level, and the influence of adrenal and gonadal steroids, have been studied using a quantitative in situ hybridization technique. I.c. v. injection of ODN (4 micrograms/kg) in sham-operated rats induced a 17 and 7% decrease in the POMC mRNA expression in anterior and intermediate pituitary lobes respectively. To determine the reciprocal involvement of adrenal and gonadal steroids in this regulation, animals were adrenalectomized and/or castrated. Adrenalectomy significantly increased POMC mRNA expression by 48% at the anterior pituitary level, but induced a 10% decrease of hybridization signal at the intermediate pituitary lobe (vs control sham-operated). Adrenal ablation reversed the effect induced by ODN and increased POMC mRNA expression at the anterior and intermediate pituitary levels by 60 and 10% respectively, compared with control sham-operated. By contrast, castration, which produced a decrease in POMC mRNA in the anterior pituitary and an increase in the intermediate lobe, did not modify the negative influence of ODN observed in sham-operated animals. When rats were adrenalectomized and castrated, the adrenalectomy influence was predominant at the anterior pituitary level, since ODN increased significantly the hybridization signal (+68% vs control sham-operated), while the castration influence was predominant at the intermediate pituitary level, since ODN induced an 11% decrease in POMC mRNA signal compared with control sham-operated. These studies indicate that, in vivo, the decrease in POMC mRNA expression in the anterior and intermediate pituitary induced by an endogenous benzodiazepine is differently modulated by adrenal and gonadal steroids, with a predominant influence of adrenal steroids at the anterior pituitary level and gonadal steroids at the intermediate pituitary level.
Promoting User Engagement and Learning in Amorphous Search Tasks

Much research in information retrieval (IR) focuses on optimization of the rank of relevant retrieval results for single shot ad hoc IR tasks. Relatively little research has been carried out on user engagement to support more complex search tasks. We seek to improve user engagement for IR tasks by providing richer representation of retrieved information. It is our expectation that this strategy will promote implicit learning within search activities. Specifically, we plan to explore methods of finding semantic concepts within retrieved documents, with the objective of creating improved document surrogates. Further, we would like to study search effectiveness in terms of different facets such as the user's search experience, satisfaction, engagement and learning. We intend to investigate this in an experimental study, where our richer document representations are compared with the traditional document surrogates for the same user queries.
FBA fMRI analysis of body and body part representations in the extrastriate and fusiform body areas

This study examined the contributions of two previously-identified brain regions -the extrastriate and fusiform body areas (EBA and FBA) -to the visual representation of the human form. Specifically we measured in these two areas the magnitude of fMRI response as a function of the amount of the human figure that is visible in the image, in the range from a single finger to the entire body. A second experiment determined the selectivity of these regions for body and body part stimuli relative to closely-matched control images. We found a gradual increase in the selectivity of the EBA as a function of the amount of body shown. In contrast, the FBA shows a step like function, with no significant selectivity for individual fingers or hands. In a third experiment we demonstrate that the response pattern seen in EBA does not extend to adjacent motionselective area hMT. We propose an interpretation of these results by analogy to nearby face-selective regions OFA (occipital face area) and FFA (fusiform face area). Specifically, we hypothesize that the EBA analyzes bodies at the level of parts (as has been proposed for faces in the OFA), whereas FBA (by analogy to FFA) may have a role in processing the configuration of body parts into wholes. Page 2 of 34
TEMPORAL SELECTION ENHANCES V1 ACTIVITY 1 Running Head: TEMPORAL SELECTION ENHANCES V1 ACTIVITY

42 Temporal selection poses unique challenges to the perceptual system. Selection is needed 43 to protect goal-relevant stimuli from interference from new sensory input. In addition, contextual 44 information that occurs at the same time as goal-relevant stimuli may be critical for learning. 45 Using fMRI, we characterized how visual cortical regions respond to the temporal selection of 46 auditory and visual stimuli. Critically, we focused on brain regions that are not involved in 47 processing the target itself. Participants pressed a button when they heard a pre-specified target 48 tone and did not respond to other tones. Although more attention was directed to auditory input 49 when the target tone was selected, activity in primary visual cortex increased more following 50 target tones than following distractor tones. In contrast to spatial attention, this effect was larger 51 in V1 than in V2 and V3. It was present in regions not typically involved in representing the 52 target stimulus. Additional experiments demonstrated that these effects were not due to multi53 modal processing, rare targets, or motor responses to the targets. Thus, temporal selection of 54 behaviorally relevant stimuli enhances, rather than reduces, activity in perceptual regions 55 involved in processing other information. 56 57 58
Exposing Practical, Psychological, and Pedagogical Shadow Sides of Experiential Learning

This article is based first-person experience with experiential learning (EL) practices in an undergraduate introductory management course. We consider how a challenging EL activity, based on volunteering during recovery from a catastrophic flood event, exposed three shadow sides of EL. These shadow sides of EL, which often remain hidden to educators, are practical, psychological, and pedagogical. We provide a characterization of each of these shadow sides and outline strategies for managing them. We also discuss the general applicability of our insights, including tentative theoretical extensions to Kolb’s EL theory. We conclude by considering the potential for the shadow sides of EL to emerge in circumstances that are less confronting and extreme than those encountered by our students.
To move or not to move: can active control and user-driven motion cueing enhance self-motion perception ("vection") in virtual reality?

Can self-motion perception in virtual reality (VR) be enhanced by providing affordable, user-powered minimal motion cueing? To investigate this, we compared the effect of different interaction and motion paradigms on onset latency and intensity of self-motion illusions ("vection") induced by curvilinear locomotion in projection-based VR. Participants either passively observed the simulation or had to actively follow pre-defined trajectories of different curvature in a simple virtual scene. Visual-only locomotion (either passive or with joystick control) was compared to locomotion controlled by a modified Gyroxus gaming chair, where leaning forwards and sideways (±10cm) controlled simulated translations and rotations, respectively, using a velocity control paradigm similar to a joystick. In the active visual+chair motion condition, participants controlled the chair motion and resulting virtual locomotion themselves, without the need for external actuation. In the passive visual+chair motion condition, the experimenter did this. Self-motion intensity was increased in the visual+chair motion conditions as compared visual-only motion, corroborating the benefit of simple motion cueing. Surprisingly, however, active control reduced the occurrence of vection and increased vection onset latencies, especially in the chair motion condition. This might be related to the reduced intuitiveness and controllability observed for the active chair motion as compared to the joystick condition. Together, findings suggest that simple user-initiated motion cueing can in principle provide an affordable means of increasing self-motion simulation fidelity in VR. However, usability and controllability issues of the gaming chair used might have counteracted the benefit of such motion cueing, and suggests ways to improve the interaction paradigm.
Structure and evolution of magnetized clusters : entropy profiles, S -T and LX-T relations

We study the impact of an intracluster magnetic field on the main structural properties of clusters and groups of galaxies: the radial density and entropy profiles, the entropy – temperature relation and the X-ray luminosity – temperature relation for groups and clusters of galaxies. To this aim, we develop a description of the intra-cluster gas based on the Hydrostatic Equilibrium condition and on the Magnetic Virial Theorem in the presence of a radial distribution of the magnetic field $B(r) = B_* (\rho_{\rm g}(r))^{\alpha}$, with $\alpha \approx 0.9$, as the one indicated by observations and numerical simulation. Our analysis shows that such a description is able to provide, at once, a possible explanation of three problematic aspects of the cluster structure: i) the flattening of the entropy profile in the cluster center; ii) the flatness of the $S - T$ relation; iii) the increasing steepening of the $L_{\rm X}-T$ relation from the cluster scale towards the group scales. The available entropy and X-ray luminosity data indicate that an increase of the magnetic field $B_* \sim T^{0.5 \pm 0.1}$ is required to reproduce at the same time both the $S - T$ and the $L_{\rm X}-T$ relations. It follows that a consistent description of the magnetized ICM can provide a simple explanation of several (or of all) of these still open problems, and thus weakens the need for the inclusion of other non-gravitational effects which have been proposed so far for the explanation of some of these features. This (initial, but not conclusive) analysis can be regarded as a starting point for a more refined analytical exploration of the physics of the magnetized intra-cluster medium, and it provides testable predictions that can be proven or disproven with the next coming sensitive observations of groups and clusters in the X-ray band and in the radio frequency band.
Patient information leaflets to reduce antibiotic use and reconsultation rates in general practice: a systematic review

Objective Patients’ knowledge and expectations may influence prescription of antibiotics. Therefore, providing evidence-based information on cause of symptoms, self-management and treatment is essential. However, providing information during consultations is challenging. Patient information leaflets could facilitate consultations by increasing patients’ knowledge, decrease unnecessary prescribing of antibiotics and decrease reconsultations for similar illnesses. Our objective was to systematically review effectiveness of information leaflets used for informing patients about common infections during consultations in general practice. Design, setting and participants We systematically searched PubMed/MEDLINE and EMBASE for studies evaluating information leaflets on common infections in general practice. Two reviewers extracted data and assessed article quality. Primary and secondary outcome measures Antibiotic use and reconsultation rates. Results Of 2512 unique records, eight studies were eligible (7 randomised, controlled trials, 1 non-randomised study) accounting for 3407 patients. Study quality varied from reasonable to good. Five studies investigated effects of leaflets during consultations for respiratory tract infections; one concerned conjunctivitis, one urinary tract infections and one gastroenteritis and tonsillitis. Three of four studies presented data on antibiotic use and showed significant reductions of prescriptions in leaflet groups with a relative risk (RR) varying from 0.53 (0.40 to 0.69) to 0.96 (0.83 to 1.11). Effects on reconsultation varied widely. One large study showed lower reconsultation rates (RR 0.70 (0.53 to 0.91), two studies showed no effect, and one study showed increased reconsultation rates (RR 1.53 (1.03 to 2.27)). Studies were too heterogenic to perform a meta-analysis. Conclusions Patient information leaflets during general practitioners consultations for common infections are promising tools to reduce antibiotic prescriptions. Results on reconsultation rates for similar symptoms vary, with a tendency toward fewer reconsultations when patients are provided with a leaflet. Use of information leaflets in cases of common infections should be encouraged. Their contributing role in multifaceted interventions targeting management of common infections in primary care needs to further exploration.
Diseño metodológico para la estructuración de portafolios de inversión según el perfil de riesgo del inversionista

espanolEl alto nivel de desarrollo cuantitativo que esta siendo aplicado en la creacion de portafolios de inversion en el mercado financiero, permite desarrollar metodologias basadas en criterios y en modelos matematicos ajustados a la realidad economica que logre minimizar perdidas y obtener un mayor beneficio economico esperado por el inversionista. El objetivo del articulo consiste en definir una metodologia para la creacion de unos portafolios de inversion, segun el perfil de riesgo del inversionista para portafolios con multiples activos y que a traves del valor en riesgo permiten simular la optimizacion del portafolio y generar mayor rentabilidad. Al determinar que el portafolio esta compuesto por acciones de diferentes empresas colombianas y en distintos sectores economicos, y a traves del monitoreo permite incorporar un analisis de los riesgos financieros a los cuales estan expuestos los inversionistas, permitiendo reducir la probabilidad de perdida que afecte el patrimonio u originada por cambios y/o movimientos adversos en los factores de riesgo que afectan el precio o valor final. EnglishThe high level of quantitative development that is being applied in the creation of investment portfolios in the financial market allows developing methodologies based on criteria and mathematical models adjusted to the economic reality that manages to minimize losses and obtain a greater economic benefit expected by the investor. The objective of the article is to define a methodology for the creation of an investment portfolio, according to the risk profile of the investor for portfolios with multiple assets and that, through value at risk, simulate the optimization of the portfolio and generate greater profitability. When determining that the portfolio is composed of shares of different Colombian companies and in different economic sectors, and through monitoring it allows incorporating an analysis of the financial risks to which investors are exposed, allowing to reduce the probability of loss that affects the equity or caused by changes and / or adverse movements in the risk factors that affect the price or final value.
Focus on childhood and adolescent Mental health Psychopharmacologic Treatment of Posttraumatic Stress Disorder in Children and Adolescents : A Review

Objective: Despite the high prevalence and significant morbidity associated with posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) in children and adolescents, there are limited and conflicting data to guide psychopharmacologic interventions. With these considerations in mind, we sought to summarize the current evidence for psychopharmacologic interventions in youth with PTSD. Data Sources/Study Selection: We conducted a literature review of the National Library of Medicine to identify publications of pharmacologic treatments for youth with PTSD or posttraumatic stress symptoms. The search was limited to articles written in English and published between 1966 and 2009. In addition, we manually searched each citation for additional references and the following journals: Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and the Journal of Child and Adolescent Psychopharmacology. Data Extraction: All articles were manually reviewed and evaluated. Thereafter, each agent or class of medication was categorized by level of evidence. Data Synthesis: Three double-blind, randomized controlled trials of selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) and 1 double-blind randomized controlled trial of imipramine in children and adolescents with PTSD or acute stress disorder were identified. Additionally, several open-label studies and case series involving other classes of medications (eg, antiadrenergics, other antidepressants, and second-generation antipsychotics) were reviewed. Conclusions: The extant data do not support the use of SSRIs as first-line treatments for PTSD in children and adolescents. There is limited evidence that the brief use of antiadrenergic agents, second-generation antipsychotics, and several mood stabilizers may attenuate some PTSD symptoms in youth. However, controlled trials of these agents in children and adolescents with PTSD are needed. J Clin Psychiatry 2010;71(7):932–941 © Copyright 2010 Physicians Postgraduate Press, Inc.
Sparse Codes Auto-Extractor for Classification: A Joint Embedding and Dictionary Learning Framework for Representation

In this paper, we discuss the sparse codes auto-extractor based classification. A joint label consistent embedding and dictionary learning approach is proposed for delivering a linear sparse codes auto-extractor and a multi-class classifier by simultaneously minimizing the sparse reconstruction, discriminative sparse-code, code approximation and classification errors. The auto-extractor is characterized with a projection that bridges signals with sparse codes by learning special features from input signals for characterizing sparse codes. The classifier is trained based on extracted sparse codes directly. In our setting, the performance of the classifier depends on the discriminability of sparse codes, and the representation power of the extractor depends on the discriminability of input sparse codes, so we incorporate label information into the dictionary learning to enhance the discriminability of sparse codes. So, for inductive classification, our model forms an integration process from test signals to sparse codes and finally to assigned labels, which is essentially different from existing sparse coding based approaches that involve an extra sparse reconstruction with the trained dictionary for each test signal. Remarkable results are obtained by our model compared with other state-of-the-arts.
Subjective experience, involuntary movement, and posterior alien hand syndrome

The alien hand syndrome, as originally defined, was used to describe cases involving anterior corpus callosal lesions producing involuntary movement and a concomitant inability to distinguish the affected hand from an examiner's hand when these were placed in the patient's unaffected hand. In recent years, acceptable usage of the term has broadened considerably, and has been defined as involuntary movement occurring in the context of feelings of estrangement from or personification of the affected limb or its movements. Three varieties of alien hand syndrome have been reported, involving lesions of the corpus callosum alone, the corpus callosum plus dominant medial frontal cortex, and posterior cortical/subcortical areas. A patient with posterior alien hand syndrome of vascular aetiology is reported and the findings are discussed in the light of a conceptualisation of posterior alien hand syndrome as a disorder which may be less associated with specific focal neuropathology than are its callosal and callosal-frontal counterparts.
Picturing ourselves in the world: Drawings, interpretative phenomenological analysis and the relational mapping interview

ABSTRACT Some aspects of experience can be challenging for research participants to verbalise. Interpretative phenomenological analysis (IPA) researchers need to get experience-near to meet their phenomenological commitments, capturing the “texture” and quality of existence, and placing participants in relation to events, objects, others, and the world. Incorporating drawing into IPA designs provides a vehicle through which participants can better explore and communicate their lifeworlds. IPA researchers also require rich accounts to fulfil their interpretative commitments. Drawing taps into multiple sensory registers simultaneously, providing polysemous data, which in turn lends itself to hermeneutic analysis. This article outlines a multimodal method, the relational mapping interview, which was developed to understand the relational context of various forms of distress and disruption. We illustrate how the approach results in richly nuanced visual and verbal accounts of relational experience. Drawing on an “expanded hermeneutic phenomenology,” we suggest how visual data can be analysed within an IPA framework to offer significant experiential insights.
Bioactive Peptides from Muscle Sources: Meat and Fish

Bioactive peptides have been identified in a range of foods, including plant, milk and muscle, e.g., beef, chicken, pork and fish muscle proteins. Bioactive peptides from food proteins offer major potential for incorporation into functional foods and nutraceuticals. The aim of this paper is to present an outline of the bioactive peptides identified in the muscle protein of meat to date, with a focus on muscle protein from domestic animals and fish. The majority of research on bioactives from meat sources has focused on angiotensin-1-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitory and antioxidant peptides.
Study on Dynamic Risk Measurement Based on ARMA-GJR-AL Model

This paper established the ARMA-GJR-AL model of dynamic risk VaR and CVaR measurement. Considering from aspects of the correlation and volatility and residual distribution characteristics, studying the dynamic risk measures of VaR and CVaR based on ARMA-GJR-AL model. Through empirical research, Risk prediction and accuracy of inspection are given of the Shanghai stock market and the New York stock market. And we study the effectiveness of the model. The results show that the dynamic risk measurement model based on AL distribution is more reasonable and applicability, so it can effectively measure risk.