Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
From Patterns to Components : The Factory Library Example

Can design patterns be turned into reusable components using some advanced programming language mechanisms? We reviewed all patterns described in the book by Gamma et al. [Gamma 1995] and built a new classification of these patterns by level of “componentizability” (possibility to turn the pattern into a component). This article first describes our “componentization” approach and the pattern classification we obtained [Arnout 2004b]. Then, it focuses on one “componentizable” pattern, Abstract Factory, and explains how we devised the corresponding Factory Library in Eiffel. Finally, it describes the limitations of the approach and presents related works, before giving some future research directions.
he Role of Sptil onfigurtion in Tests of Working Memory Explored with Funtionl Neuroimging

(2001). The role of spatial configuration in tests of working memory explored with functional neuroimaging. While the importance of the prefrontal cortex for``higher-order'' cognitive functions is largely undisputed, no consensus has been reached regarding the fractionation of functions within this region. Several recent functional neuroimaging studies have suggested that the mid-ventrolateral frontal cortex may play an important role in various aspects of human memory. Thus, similar patterns of activation have been observed in this region during analogous spatial, verbal and visual span tasks. In the present study, however, activation was observed in a more dorsolateral region of the lateral frontal cortex during a modified version of the spatial span task, which differed only in the spatial configuration of the array employed. The results of a supplementary behavioral study, designed to investigate this effect further, suggest that in spatial memory tasks certain stimulus configurations may encourage subjects to adopt mnemonic strategies, which may depend upon dorsolateral, rather than ventrolateral, regions of the frontal cortex. These findings shed further light on the functional relationship between dorsal and ventral regions of the lateral frontal cortex and, more specifically, howthèèxecutive'' processes assumed to be dependent upon these regions might contribute to aspects of human memory.
Econometric model Concerning The Impact Of The Fiscal Policy Upon The Economic Development. The Case Of The Countries From Central And Eastern Europe, Members Of The European Union

This article aims to demonstrate the confirmation or the refutation of the hypothesis that there is a connection between fiscal policy and economic development. The study begins with an overview of the main theoretical contributions. A few indicators that give the measure of the economic development are analysed for the sample of the Central and South Eastern European countries, members of the EU. The empirical analysis seeks to establish the relevance of the main determinants of the economic development (GDP per capita) and the three levers of the fiscal policy (fiscal pressure, the share of public expenditure in GDP and budgetary balance in the share of GDP), for each country, of the sample of the 12 countries of Central and South Eastern Europe, the new members of the European Union, during 2001-2010.
Bone segmentation using multiple communicating snakes

Skeletal age assessment is a frequently performed procedure which requires high expertise and a considerable amount of time. Several methods are being developed to assist radiologists in this task by automating the various steps of the process. In this work we describe a method to perform the segmentation step, by means of a modified active contour approach. A set of separate active contours models each bone in a portion of the radiogram. Due to the complexity of the contour, and to the presence of multiple adjacent contours, we add to the commonly used energy termas a first-order derivative energy which allow to take into account the direction of the contour. Moreover, anatomical relationships among bones are modeled as additional internal elastic forces which couple together the contours. Contour energy is optimized using a genetic algorithm. Chromosomes are used to encode positions of snake points, using a polar representation. The genetic optimization overcomes the difficulties related to local minima and to the initialization criterium, and conveniently allows the addition of new energy terms. Experimental results show the method allows to achieve an accurate segmentation of the bone complexes in the region of interest.
Segmentation of urban traffic scene based on 3D structure

This paper proposes an approach for image segmentation of the urban traffic scene captured from a car-mounted camera. First of all, an improved SIFT feature matching algorithm is adopted for extracting 2D keypoints of the scene. Tracking the 2D keypoints generates the 3D points clouds that can estimate the 3D world structure and motion features. And then Multiple Kernels Support Vector Machines (MKSVM) is employed for sematic segmentation based on motion-derived 3D structure and SIFT features. Experiments show the efficiency and the relevancy of our approach.
Case study on performance of a Group Communication System in the realm of voice over IP

To achieve availability and reliability, distributing data over several nodes within a network is widely used today. But distributing data to all nodes within a network becomes complicated if data should stay consistent while all of the nodes are allowed to insert, update or delete data. Common approaches focus on solutions where applications rely on replication algorithms and mechanisms provided by database systems. Instead the authors take another approach where the distribution of data is performed before the data is actually committed to the database system and thus, freeing the database system from the task of replication. To do so, a system that provides reliable data distribution and ordering mechanisms is necessary, placed between the application and the database system. In this paper we present a prototype of a redundant SIP-server that uses a Group Communication System to distribute data wherein the Group Communication System takes care of reliably delivering transactions to the nodes of a distributed database system in the same order. The implementation is explained and the corresponding results of a few test cases are presented.
"Career Explorations? Sole Support Mothers Speak"

Sole support mothers have received considerable attention by the federal government over the past 20 years, as they have been perceived as a burden on the social welfare system. Employment-related support programs have been designed to help single mothers transition into the workplace in order to become economically self-reliant and less dependent on the state. This feminist qualitative research study explored the barriers single-parent mothers experienced and the strengths they possessed in their attempts at re-entering the workforce 4 months after graduating from a Career Explorations program. The findings revealed that sole support mothers encounter multiple barriers upon entering the job market including: difficulty with balancing family life responsibilities with obtaining an income, negative attitudes and stigma held by society and employers towards single mothers, lack of recognition ofjob skills, low wages and ethnic discrimination. A positive attitude, spiritual faith and the ability to perform one's job well were factors that contributed to the women's efforts and resiliency at securing work. Both study participants expressed their views regarding single mothers as being a "unique group of individuals" with "specialized needs. " Recommendations for programs included the development of a "coffee house" designed specifically for single mothers where they can gain support and learn from the successes of other single mothers. The study concludes with a review of the implications for social work practice and possibilities for future research.
URFDS: Systematic discovery of Unvalidated Redirects and Forwards in web applications

URL redirection is necessary in web applications. Well-designed redirection makes better user experience. However, if used improperly, it could give rise to attacks such as phishing. These improperly used redirections are called Unvalidated Redirects and Forwards (URF). This paper prescribes a mechanism to systemically discover URF vulnerabilities in web applications. The prototype implementation, that we call Unvalidated Redirects and Forwards Detection System (URFDS), uses a black-box scanning technique to modify URLs and analyse the generated output to identify URF. In order to show the feasible of our approach, we tested 142,522,691 unique links and found a great number of vulnerabilities in top websites and popular applications that were overlooked by previous works.
Eating on impulse: The relation between overweight and food‐specific inhibitory control

Consistent with the idea that impulsivity increases vulnerability to temptations of tasty high caloric food, less effective response inhibition is associated with overeating, overweight, and obesity. However, inefficient response inhibition mainly affects eating behavior when strong motivational urges to consume palatable food are simultaneously present. This study, therefore, examined whether overweight is associated specifically with inefficient response inhibition of food‐related responses rather than with a general response inhibition deficiency.
Morphological Analyzer for Affix Stacking Languages: A Case Study of Marathi

In this paper we describe and evaluate a Finite State Machine (FSM) based Morphological Analyzer (MA) for Marathi, a highly inflectional language with agglutinative su ffixes. Marathi belongs to the Indo-European family and is considerably influenced by Dravidian languages. Adroit handling of participial constructions and other derived forms ( Krudantas and Taddhitas) in addition to inflected forms is crucial to NLP and MT of Marathi. We firs t describe Marathi morphological phenomena, detailing the complexities of inflectional and derivational morphology, and then go into the construction and working of the MA. The MA produces the root word and the features. A thorough evaluation against gold standard data establish es the efficacy of this MA. To the best of our knowledge, this work is t he first of its kind on a systematic and exhaustive study of the Morphotactics of a suffix-stac king language, leading to high quality morph analyzer. The system forms part of a Marathi -Hindi transfer based machine translation system. The methodology delineated in the paper can be replicated fo r other languages showing similar suffix stacking behaviour as Marathi.
Sampling of an STT event over the Eastern Mediterranean region by lidar and electrochemical sonde

Abstract. A two-wavelength ultraviolet (289–316nm) ozone Differential Absorption Lidar (DIAL) system is used to perform ozone measurements in the free troposphere in the Eastern Mediterranean (Northern Greece). The ozone DIAL profiles obtained during a Stratosphere-to-Troposphere Transport (STT) event are compared to that acquired by an electrochemical ozonesonde, in the altitude range between 2 and 10 km. The measurement accuracy of these two instruments is also discussed. The mean difference between the ozone profiles obtained by the two techniques is of the order of 1.11 ppbv (1.86%), while the corresponding standard deviation is 4.69 ppbv (8.16%). A case study of an STT event which occurred on 29 November 2000 is presented and analyzed, using ozone lidar, satellite and meteorological data, as well as air mass back-trajectory analysis. During this STT event ozone mixing ratios of 55–65 ppbv were observed between 5 and 7 km height above sea level (a.s.l.). Stratospheric air was mixed with tropospheric air masses, leading to potential vorticity (PV) losses due to diabatic processes. The ozone DIAL system can be used for following STT events and small-scale mixing phenomena in the free troposphere, and for providing sequences of vertical ozone profiles in the free troposphere. Keywords. Atmospheric composition and structure (Evolution of the atmosphere; Instruments and techniques) – Meteorology and atmospheric dynamics (Middle atmosphere dynamics; Turbulence)
Revisiting the DARPA's idea of a programmable network

In 1995, DARPA recognized the shortcomings of IP networks. As a response, the experts initiated a project that should become the cornerstone of new military communication architecture. The goal was a network that would be resistant to attack and to operate despite successful attacks, while allowing a secure sharing of data at all levels of command. The project was named Active Networks. However, it failed to meet performance and security criteria. We revisited this problem, identified performance and security bottlenecks so that we present an advance to fast, secure and scalable active network server - Smart Active Node.
Recovery and Performance of Atomic Commit Processing in Distributed Database Systems

A transaction is traditionally deened so as to provide the properties of atomicity, consistency, integrity, and durability (ACID) for any operation it performs. In order to ensure the atomicity of distributed transactions, an atomic commitprotocol needs to be followed by all sites participating in a transaction execution to agree on the nal outcome, that is, commit or abort. A variety of commit protocols have been proposed that either enhance the performance of the classical two-phase commit protocol during normal processing or reduce the cost of recovery processing after a failure. In this chapter, we survey a number of two-phase commit variants and optimizations, including some recent ones, providing an insight in the performance trade-oo between normal and recovery processing. We also analyze the performance of a representative set of commit protocols both analytically as well as empirically using simulation. 13.1 INTRODUCTION Transactions are powerful abstractions that facilitate the structuring of database systems, and distributed systems in general, in a reliable manner. Each transaction represents a task or a logical function that involves access to a shared database and 370
EGFR-Targeted TRAIL and a Smac Mimetic Synergize to Overcome Apoptosis Resistance in KRAS Mutant Colorectal Cancer Cells

TRAIL is a death receptor ligand that induces cell death preferentially in tumor cells. Recombinant soluble TRAIL, however, performs poorly as an anti-cancer therapeutic because oligomerization is required for potent biological activity. We previously generated a diabody format of tumor-targeted TRAIL termed DbαEGFR-scTRAIL, comprising single-stranded TRAIL molecules (scTRAIL) and the variable domains of a humanized variant of the EGFR blocking antibody Cetuximab. Here we define the bioactivity of DbαEGFR-scTRAIL with regard to both EGFR inhibition and TRAIL receptor activation in 3D cultures of Caco-2 colorectal cancer cells, which express wild-type K-Ras. Compared with conventional 2D cultures, Caco-2 cells displayed strongly enhanced sensitivity toward DbαEGFR-scTRAIL in these 3D cultures. We show that the antibody moiety of DbαEGFR-scTRAIL not only efficiently competed with ligand-induced EGFR function, but also determined the apoptotic response by specifically directing DbαEGFR-scTRAIL to EGFR-positive cells. To address how aberrantly activated K-Ras, which leads to Cetuximab resistance, affects DbαEGFR-scTRAIL sensitivity, we generated stable Caco-2tet cells inducibly expressing oncogenic K-RasG12V. In the presence of doxycycline, these cells showed increased resistance to DbαEGFR-scTRAIL, associated with the elevated expression of the anti-apoptotic proteins cIAP2, Bcl-xL and FlipS. Co-treatment of cells with the Smac mimetic SM83 restored the DbαEGFR-scTRAIL-induced apoptotic response. Importantly, this synergy between DbαEGFR-scTRAIL and SM83 also translated to 3D cultures of oncogenic K-Ras expressing HCT-116 and LoVo colorectal cancer cells. Our findings thus support the notion that DbαEGFR-scTRAIL therapy in combination with apoptosis-sensitizing agents may be promising for the treatment of EGFR-positive colorectal cancers, independently of their KRAS status.
A three order network governance framework and public network development: Evidence from community -based care (CBC) networks in Florida

Community-based care networks have become more prevalent in health and human services over the past twenty years (Rice 2001; Romzek and Johnston 2002; Smith and Smyth 1996; Provan and Milward 1995, 2001; Lynn 1996), spurred on by the twin trends to privatize substantial service delivery and decentralize social services to local communities. Research has flourished to study how these networks operate and what types of performance outcomes result from their operation. Within the field of public management, network research has evolved from a study of policy implementation to discussing types of networks, management skills, and even the impact of networking on broader agency goals. While researchers who study interorganizational relationships provided new insights into the design of public networks (e.g., Goldsmith and Eggers 2004; Keast et al. 2004; Klijn and Koppenjan 2006) or suggested approaches to managing the coordination process in network-settings (e.g., Whetten 1981; Kickert et al. 1997; Lynn, Carolyn, and Hill 2001; Agranoff and McGuire 2003), their analysis has generally failed to capture empirically the dynamic processes of network development although there are exceptions (e.g., Ring and Van de Ven 1992; Romzek and Johnston, 2002; Agranoff and McGuire, 2003; and Mandell and Keast, 2008). Through extensive fieldwork and using a variety of theoretical literatures, this study develops a framework of three stages of network development, using the example of community-based care (CBC) networks in Florida that deliver children’s welfare and protective services. In Florida, the state Department of Children and Families has awarded contracts to formally designated lead agencies (including nonprofit, private and public sector agencies) in twenty two districts to coordinate and manage the delivery of services through service providers that contract with the lead agency. This CBC network has existed since 1997 and thus a comparative case study assessment of that development process is timely and able to capture the dynamic development of the CBC networks.
The inflammatory/cancer-related IL-6/STAT3/NF-κB positive feedback loop includes AUF1 and maintains the active state of breast myofibroblasts

The IL-6/STAT3/NF-κB positive feedback loop links inflammation to cancer and maintains cells at a transformed state. Similarly, cancer-associated myofibroblats remains active even in absence of cancer cells. However, the molecular basis of this sustained active state remains elusive. We have shown here that breast cancer cells and IL-6 persistently activate breast stromal fibroblasts through the stimulation of the positive IL-6/STAT3/NF-κB feedback loop. Transient neutralization of IL-6 in culture inhibited this signaling circuit and reverted myofibrobalsts to a normalized state, suggesting the implication of the IL-6 autocrine feedback loop as well. Importantly, the IL-6/STAT3/NF-κB pro-inflammatory circuit was also active in cancer-associated fibroblasts isolated from breast cancer patients. Transient inhibition of STAT3 by specific siRNA in active fibroblasts persistently reduced the level of the RNA binding protein AUF1, blocked the loop and normalized these cells. Moreover, we present clear evidence that AUF1 is also part of this positive feedback loop. Interestingly, treatment of breast myofibroblasts with caffeine, which has been previously shown to persistently inhibit active breast stromal fibroblasts, blocked the positive feedback loop through potent and sustained inhibition of STAT3, AKT, lin28B and AUF1. These results indicate that the IL-6/STAT3/NF-κB positive feedback loop includes AUF1 and is responsible for the sustained active status of cancer-associated fibroblasts. We have also shown that normalizing myofibroblasts, which could be of great therapeutic value, is possible through the inhibition of this procarcinogenic circuit.
Academic Entrepreneurship in Emerging Economy Context

Entrepreneurship fosters economic development of a country. This appears more crucial and absolute necessity in emerging country context. The efforts have been laid for entrepreneurship development with the collaboration of academic institutions and industries. These collaborations try to transform academic based research into commercialized products to develop a knowledge based society. Government has also initiated numerous projects to support this effort. This chapter presents an overview of the whole scenario along with its challenges, prospects and future development in emerging country context. The theme has been elaborated with a case study on IIT Kharagpur, India.
Involvement of tumor acidification in brain cancer pathophysiology

Gliomas, primary brain cancers, are characterized by remarkable invasiveness and fast growth. While they share many qualities with other solid tumors, gliomas have developed special mechanisms to convert the cramped brain space and other limitations afforded by the privileged central nervous system into pathophysiological advantages. In this review we discuss gliomas and other primary brain cancers in the context of acid-base regulation and interstitial acidification; namely, how the altered proton (H+) content surrounding these brain tumors influences tumor development in both autocrine and paracrine manners. As proton movement is directly coupled to movement of other ions, pH serves as both a regulator of cell activity as well as an indirect readout of other cellular functions. In the case of brain tumors, these processes result in pathophysiology unique to the central nervous system. We will highlight what is known about pH-sensitive processes in brain tumors in addition to gleaning insight from other solid tumors.
Efficient query processing on graph databases

We study the problem of processing subgraph queries on a database that consists of a set of graphs. The answer to a subgraph query is the set of graphs in the database that are supergraphs of the query. In this article, we propose an efficient index, FG*-index, to solve this problem. The cost of processing a subgraph query using most existing indexes mainly consists of two parts: the index probing cost and the candidate verification cost. Index probing is to find the query in the index, or to find the graphs from which we can generate a candidate answer set for the query. Candidate verification is to test whether each graph in the candidate set is indeed a supergraph of the query. We design FG*-index to minimize these two costs as follows. FG*-index consists of three components: the FG-index, the feature-index, and the FAQ-index. First, the FG-index employs the concept of Frequent subGraph (FG) to allow the set of queries that are FGs to be answered without candidate verification. We call this set of queries FG-queries. We can enlarge the set of FG-queries so that more queries can be answered without candidate verification; however, a larger set of FG-queries implies a larger FG-index and hence the index probing cost also increases. We propose the feature-index to reduce the index probing cost. The feature-index uses features to filter false results that are matched in the FG-index, so that we can quickly find the truly matching graphs for a query. For processing non-FG-queries, we propose the FAQ-index, which is dynamically constructed from the set of Frequently Asked non-FG-Queries (FAQs). Using the FAQ-index, verification is not required for processing FAQs and only a small number of candidates need to be verified for processing non-FG-queries that are not frequently asked. Finally, a comprehensive set of experiments verifies that query processing using FG*-index is up to orders of magnitude more efficient than state-of-the-art indexes and it is also more scalable.