Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Root Cause Analysis and Classification of Single Point Failures in Designs Applying Triple Modular Redundancy in SRAM FPGAs

Root Cause Analysis and Classification of Single Point Failures in Designs Applying Triple Modular Redundancy in SRAM FPGAs James D. Swift Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, BYU Master of Science Radiation effects encountered in space or aviation environments can affect the configuration bits in Field Programmable Gate Arrays (FPGA) causing errors in FPGA output. One method of increasing FPGA reliability in radiation environments includes adding redundant logic to mask errors and allow time for repair. Despite the redundancy added with triple modular redundancy (TMR) and configuration scrubbing there exist some configuration bits that individually affect multiple TMR domains causing errors in FPGA output. A new tool called DeBit is introduced that identifies hardware resources associated with a single bit failure. This tool identifies a novel failure mode involving global routing resources and the failure mode is verified through a series of directed tests on global routing resources. Lastly, a mitigation strategy is proposed and tested on a single error in a triple modular redundancy (TMR) design.
Stieltjes functions and spectral analysis in the physics of sea ice

Abstract. Polar sea ice is a critical component of Earth’s climate system. As a material, it is a multiscale composite of pure ice with temperature-dependent millimeter-scale brine inclusions, and centimeter-scale polycrystalline microstructure which is largely determined by how the ice was formed. The surface layer of the polar oceans can be viewed as a granular composite of ice floes in a sea water host, with floe sizes ranging from centimeters to tens of kilometers. A principal challenge in modeling sea ice and its role in climate is how to use information on smaller-scale structures to find the effective or homogenized properties on larger scales relevant to process studies and coarse-grained climate models. That is, how do you predict macroscopic behavior from microscopic laws, like in statistical mechanics and solid state physics? Also of great interest in climate science is the inverse problem of recovering parameters controlling small-scale processes from large-scale observations. Motivated by sea ice remote sensing, the analytic continuation method for obtaining rigorous bounds on the homogenized coefficients of two-phase composites was applied to the complex permittivity of sea ice, which is a Stieltjes function of the ratio of the permittivities of ice and brine. Integral representations for the effective parameters distill the complexities of the composite microgeometry into the spectral properties of a self-adjoint operator like the Hamiltonian in quantum physics. These techniques have been extended to polycrystalline materials, advection diffusion processes, and ocean waves in the sea ice cover. Here we discuss this powerful approach in homogenization, highlighting the spectral representations and resolvent structure of the fields that are shared by the two-component theory and its extensions. Spectral analysis of sea ice structures leads to a random matrix theory picture of percolation processes in composites, establishing parallels to Anderson localization and semiconductor physics and providing new insights into the physics of sea ice.
Influential Factors for ICT Innovations in Sri Lanka University-Industry Collaboration: A Systematic Literature Review

A university is a center of knowledge creation, and industry can be a vibrant place for innovation. This paper examines the key factors influencing university-industry collaboration (UIC) innovation catalysts in Sri Lanka. The study employed a systematic procedure based on the Grounded Theory to investigate the factors contributing to the success of UICs, and attributes for innovation capacities. The investigation was guided by the research question: what factors of UICs influence ICT innovations in Sri Lanka? A total of 41 research papers was selected from Science Direct, Scopus, and Ebscohost based on the availability of full text, and their relevance for the research question. The results of the study revealed that management directives, financial support, policies, proximity dimension, and heterogeneity are key factors for a successful UIC
Tuning the static spin-stripe phase and superconductivity in La2−xBaxCuO4 (x = 1/8) by hydrostatic pressure

Magnetization and muon spin rotation experiments were performed in La2−xBaxCuO4 (x = 1/8) as a function of hydrostatic pressure up to p ≃ 2.2 GPa. It was found that the magnetic volume fraction of the static stripe phase strongly decreases linearly with pressure, while the superconducting volume fraction increases by the same amount. This demonstrates competition between bulk superconductivity and static magnetic order in the stripe phase of La1.875Ba0. 125CuO4 and that these phenomena occur in mutually exclusive spatial regions. The present results also reveal that the static spin-stripe phase still exists at pressures, where the long-range low-temperature tetragonal (LTT) structure is completely suppressed. This indicates that the long-range LTT structure is not necessary for stabilizing the static spin order in La1.875Ba0. 125CuO4.
Proteomic Characterization of Inhibitory Synapses Using a Novel pHluorin-tagged (cid:2) -Aminobutyric Acid Receptor, Type A (GABA A ), (cid:3) 2 Subunit Knock-in Mouse

Theaccumulationof (cid:2) -aminobutyricacidreceptors(GABA A Rs) at the appropriate postsynaptic sites is critical for determining the efficacy of fast inhibitory neurotransmission. Although we knowthatthemajorityofsynapticGABA A Rsubtypesareassem-bled from (cid:3) 1–3, (cid:4) , and (cid:2) 2 subunits, our understanding of how neurons facilitate their targeting to and stabilization at inhibitory synapses is rudimentary. To address these issues, we have created knock-in mice in which the pH-sensitive green fluorescent protein (GFP) and the Myc epitope were introduced to the extracellular domain of the mature receptor (cid:3) 2 subunit (pH (cid:3) 2). Using immunoaffinity purification and mass spectroscopy, we identified a stable complex of 174 proteins that were associated with pH (cid:3) 2, including other GABA A R subunits, and previously identified receptor-associated proteins such as gephyrin and collybistin. 149 of these proteins were novel GABA A R binding partners and included G-protein-coupled receptors and ion channel subunits, proteins that regulate trafficking and degra-dation, regulators of
Realization of the anisotropic compass model on the diamond lattice of 
Cu2+
 in 
CuAl2O4

Spin-orbit (SO) Mott insulators are regarded as a new paradigm of magnetic materials, whose properties are largely influenced by SO coupling and featured by highly anisotropic bond-dependent exchange interactions between the spin-orbital entangled Kramers doublets, as typically manifested in $5d$ iridates. Here, we propose that a very similar situation can be realized in cuprates when the Cu$^{2+}$ ions reside in a tetrahedral environment, like in spinel compounds. Using first-principles electronic structure calculations, we construct a realistic model for the diamond lattice of the Cu$^{2+}$ ions in CuAl$_2$O$_4$ and show that the magnetic properties of this compound are largely controlled by anisotropic compass-type exchange interactions that dramatically modify the magnetic ground state by lifting the spiral spin-liquid degeneracy and stabilizing a commensurate single-$\boldsymbol{q}$ spiral.
Catalogue of 12CO(J = 1−0) and 13CO(J = 1−0) Molecular Clouds in the Carina Flare Supershell

We present a catalogue of $^{12}$CO($J=$ 1-0) and $^{13}$CO($J=$ 1-0) molecular clouds in the spatio-velocity range of the Carina Flare supershell, GSH287$+$04$-$17. The data cover a region of $\sim$66 square degrees and were taken with the NANTEN 4m telescope, at spatial and velocity resolutions of $\sim$2.6' and 0.1kms$^{-1}$. Decomposition of the emission results in the identification of 156 $^{12}$CO clouds and 60 $^{13}$CO clouds, for which we provide observational and physical parameters. Previous work suggests the majority of the detected mass forms part of a comoving molecular cloud complex that is physically associated with the expanding shell. The cloud internal velocity dispersions, degree of virialization and size-linewidth relations are found to be consistent with those of other Galactic samples. However, the vertical distribution is heavily skewed towards high-altitudes. The robust association of high-$z$ molecular clouds with a known supershell provides some observational backing for the theory that expanding shells contribute to the support of a high-altitude molecular layer.
Relativistic kinetic theory: An introduction

We present a brief introduction to the relativistic kinetic theory of gases with emphasis on the underlying geometric and Hamiltonian structure of the theory. Our formalism starts with a discussion on the tangent bundle of a Lorentzian manifold of arbitrary dimension. Next, we introduce the Poincare one-form on this bundle, from which the symplectic form and a volume form are constructed. Then, we define an appropriate Hamiltonian on the bundle which, together with the symplectic form yields the Liouville vector field. Whenever the corresponding flow is restricted to special submanifolds of the tangent bundle, referred to as future mass shells, its projection onto the base manifold describes families of future-directed timelike geodesics. A collisionless simple gas is described by a distribution function on a particular mass shell, satisfying the Liouville equation. Fibre integrals of the distribution function determine the particle current density and the stress-energy tensor. We show that the stress-energy tensor satisfies the familiar energy conditions and that both the current density and stress-energy tensor are divergence-free. Our discussion also includes the generalization to charged gases, a summary of the Einstein-Maxwell-Vlasov system in any dimensions, as well as a brief introduction to the general relativistic Boltzmann equation for a simple gas.
Functional renormalization group study of nuclear and neutron matter

A chiral model based on nucleons interacting via boson exchange is investigated. Fluctuation effects are included consistently beyond the mean-field approximation in the framework of the functional renormalization group. The liquid-gas phase transition of symmetric nuclear matter is studied in detail. No sign of a chiral restoration transition is found up to temperatures of about 100 MeV and densities of at least three times the density of normal nuclear matter. Moreover, the model is extended to asymmetric nuclear matter and the constraints from neutron star observations are discussed.
Direct manifestation of topological order in the winding number of the Wannier-Stark ladder

Topological quantum phases of matter have been a topic of intense interest in contemporary condensed matter physics. Extensive efforts are devoted to investigate various exotic properties of topological matters including topological insulators, topological superconductors, and topological semimetals. For topological insulators, the dissipationless transport via gapless helical edge or surface states is supposed to play a defining role, which unfortunately has proved difficult to realize in experiments due to inevitable backscattering induced in the sample boundary. Motivated by the fundamental connection between topological invariants and the Zak phase, here, we show that the non-trivial band topologies of both two and three-dimensional topological insulators, characterized by the Chern numbers and the $\mathbb{Z}_2$ invariants, respectively, are directly manifested in the winding numbers of the Wannier-Stark ladder (WSL) emerging under an electric field. We use the Floquet Green's function formalism to show that the winding number of the WSL is robust against interband interference as well as non-magnetic impurity scattering.
Bimagnon studies in cuprates with resonant inelastic x-ray scattering at the O K edge. I. Assessment on La 2 CuO 4 and comparison with the excitation at Cu L 3 and Cu K edges

We assess the capabilities of magnetic resonant inelastic x-ray scattering (RIXS) at the O $K$ edge in undoped cuprates by taking La${}_{2}$CuO${}_{4}$ as a benchmark case, based on a series of RIXS measurements that we present here. By combining the experimental results with basic theory we point out the fingerprints of bimagnon excitation in the O $K$ edge RIXS spectra. These are a dominant peak around 450 meV, the almost complete absence of dispersion both with $\ensuremath{\pi}$ and $\ensuremath{\sigma}$ polarization, and the almost constant intensity vs the transferred momentum with $\ensuremath{\sigma}$ polarization. This behavior is quite different from Cu ${L}_{3}$ edge RIXS giving a strongly dispersing bimagnon tending to zero at the center of the Brillouin zone. This is clearly shown by RIXS measurements at the Cu ${L}_{3}$ edge that we present. The Cu ${L}_{3}$ bimagnon spectra and those at the Cu $K$ edge---both from the literature and from our data---however, have the same shape. These similarities and differences are understood in terms of different sampling of the bimagnon continuum. This panorama points out the unique possibilities offered by O $K$ RIXS in the study of magnetic excitations in cuprates near the center of the BZ.
Flares activity of selected stars from GTSh10 catalog by CRTS data

Based on the database of photometric observations of the CRTS project over an interval of more than 9 years, the activity of red dwarfs from the GTSh10 catalog was analyzed. The total number of analyzed objects, a list of stars with detected flares, amplitudes and moments of recorded events are presented. For the most interesting objects, from the point of view of the analysis of are activity, the light curves are plotted on the investigated time interval.
A Monte Carlo estimate for the fraction of thermal Comptonized photons that impinge back on the soft source in neutron star LMXBs

In earlier works, it was shown that the energy dependent soft time lags observed in kHz QPOs of neutron star low mass X-ray binaries (LMXBs) can be explained as being due to Comptonization lags provided a significant fraction ($\eta \sim 0.2$ - $0.8$) of the Comptonized photons impinge back into the soft photon source. Here we use a Monte Carlo scheme to verify if such a fraction is viable or not. In particular we consider three different Comptonizing medium geometries: (i) a spherical shell, (ii) a boundary layer like torus and (iii) a corona on top of an accretion disk. Two set of spectral parameters corresponding to the 'hot' and 'cold' seed photon models were explored. The general result of the study is that for a wide range of sizes, the fraction lies within $\eta \sim 0.3$ - $0.7$, and hence compatible with the range required to explain the soft time lags. Since there is a large uncertainty in the range, we cannot concretely rule out any of the geometries or spectral models, but the analysis suggests that a boundary layer type geometry with a 'cold' seed spectral model is favoured over an accretion corona model. Better quality data will allow one to constrain the geometry more rigorously. Our results emphasise that there is significant heating of the soft photon source by the Comptonized photons and hence this effect needs to be taken into account for any detailed study of these sources.
SUBSTELLAR OBJECTS IN NEARBY YOUNG CLUSTERS. VII. THE SUBSTELLAR MASS FUNCTION REVISITED

The abundance of brown dwarfs (BDs) in young clusters is a diagnostic of star formation theory. Here we revisit the issue of determining the substellar initial mass function (IMF) based on a comparison between NGC 1333 and IC348, two clusters in the Perseus star-forming region. We derive their mass distributions for a range of model isochrones, varying distances, extinction laws, and ages with comprehensive assessments of the uncertainties. We find that the choice of isochrone and other parameters have significant effects on the results, thus we caution against comparing IMFs obtained using different approaches. For NGC 1333, we find that the star/BD ratio R is between 1.9 and 2.4 for all plausible scenarios, consistent with our previous work. For IC348, R is found to be between 2.9 and 4.0, suggesting that previous studies have overestimated this value. Thus the star-forming process generates about 2.5–5 substellar objects per 10 stars. The derived star/BD ratios correspond to a slope of the power-law mass function of α = 0.7–1.0 for the 0.03–1.0 M☉ mass range. The median mass in these clusters—the typical stellar mass—is between 0.13 and 0.30 M☉. Assuming that NGC 1333 is at a shorter distance than IC348, we find a significant difference in the cumulative distribution of masses between the two clusters, resulting from an overabundance of very low mass objects in NGC 1333. Gaia astrometry will constrain the cluster distances better and will lead to a more definitive conclusion. Furthermore, the star/BD ratio is somewhat larger in IC348 compared with NGC 1333, although this difference is still within the margins of error. Our results indicate that environments with higher object density may produce a larger fraction of very low mass objects, in line with predictions for BD formation through gravitational fragmentation of filaments falling into a cluster potential.
Twin GHZ-states behave differently

Greenberger-Horne-Zeilinger (GHZ) states and their mixtures exhibit fascinating properties. A complete basis of GHZ-states can be constructed by properly choosing local basis rotations. We demonstrate this experimentally for the Hilbert space C2x4 by entangling two photons in polarisation and orbital angular momentum. Mixing GHZ-states unmasks different entanglement features based on their particular local geometrical connectedness. In particular, a specific GHZ-state in a complete orthonormal basis has a twin GHZ-state for which equally mixing leads to full separability in opposition to any other basis-state. Exploiting these local geometrical relations provides a toolbox for generating specific types of multipartite entanglement, each providing different benefits in outperforming classical devices. Our experiment, based on hybrid entangled entanglement, investigates these GHZs properties showing a good stability and fidelity and allowing a scaling in degrees of freedom and advanced operational manipulations.
Enhancement of NEST Capabilities for Simulating Low-Energy Recoils in Liquid Xenon

The Noble Element Simulation Technique (NEST) is an exhaustive collection of models explaining both the scintillation light and ionization yields of noble elements as a function of particle type (nuclear recoil, electron recoil, alphas), electric field, and incident energy or energy loss dE/dx. It is packaged as C++ code for Geant4 that implements said models, overriding the default model which does not account for certain complexities, such as the reduction in yields for nuclear recoils (NR) compared to electron recoils (ER). We present here improvements to the existing NEST models and updates to the code which make the package even more realistic and turn it into a more full-fledged Monte Carlo simulation. All available liquid xenon data on NR and ER to date have been taken into consideration in arriving at the current models. Furthermore, NEST addresses the question of the magnitude of the light and charge yields of nuclear recoils, including their electric field dependence, thereby shedding light on the possibility of detection or exclusion of a low-mass dark matter WIMP by liquid xenon detectors.
SPIRou: a spectropolarimeter for the CFHT

SPIRou is a near-infrared spectropolarimeter and high-precision radial-velocity instrument, to be mounted on the 3.6m Canada-France-Hawaii telescope ontop Maunakea and to be offered to the CFHT community from 2018. It focuses on two main scientific objectives : (i) the search and study of Earth-like planets around M dwarfs, especially in their habitable zone and (ii) the study of stellar and planetary formation in the presence of stellar magnetic field. The SPIRou characteristics (complete coverage of the near infrared wavelengths, high resolution, high stability and efficiency, polarimetry) also allow many other programs, e.g., magnetic fields and atmospheres of M dwarfs and brown dwarfs, star-planet interactions, formation and characterization of massive stars, dynamics and atmospheric chemistry of planets in the solar system.
Implications of Neuroplasticity to the Philosophical Debate of Free Will and Determinism

Neuroplasticity, the capacity of the brain to induce changes in response to environmental stimuli, entails a continuous rearrangement of the neural network through a complex interaction between genetics and environment. Within this process, the plastic brain uses its internal representations to predict future conditions and proactively proceed to actions. It can be said that plasticity demands a rethinking of the concept of determinism as the process of coming-to-be is directly related to modi ﬁ cations produced by experience. Pure determinism and complete randomness are the two ends of a spectrum of positions relevant to the debate of the existence of free will. However, none conceptually supports free decision-making. How brain activity decision to act. The meaning of these ﬁ ndings, however, has been debated at both a theoretical and empirical level and the controversy is still ongoing. Consciousness is intertwined with free will along the dimension of time as it would otherwise be purposeless, taking place right at the next moment. Electrical activity of the brain is a measure of neurophysiological function and contributes to the understanding of processes that underlie high-order cognitive functions. A multidisciplinary approach in the study of free will could be designed in a way that philosophical concepts are connected to neural correlates by psychologically functionalizing them in terms of cognitive abilities. Such abilities are at the margins of conscious and nonconscious sensory information and are closely linked to brain processes of executive functions like attentional control and working memory.
A computational method for modeling arbitrary junctions employing different surface integral equation formulations for three-dimensional scattering and radiation problems

This paper presents a new method, based on the well-known method of moments (MoM), for the numerical electromagnetic analysis of scattering and radiation from metallic or dielectric structures, or both structure types in the same simulation, that are in contact with other metallic or dielectric structures. The proposed method for solving the MoM junction problem consists of two separate algorithms, one of which comprises a generalization for bodies in contact of the surface integral equation (SIE) formulations. Unlike some other published SIE generalizations in the field of computational electromagnetics, this generalization does not require duplicating unknowns on the dielectric separation surfaces, except duplications for a very small fraction of unknowns corresponding to junction edges, which introduces a negligible computational cost. Additionally, this generalization is applicable to any ordinary single-scatterer SIE formulations employed as baseline. The other algorithm deals with enforcing boundary conditions and Kirchhoff’s Law, relating the surface current flow across a junction edge. Two important features inherent to this latter algorithm consist of a mathematically compact description in matrix form, and importantly, from a software engineering point of view, an easy implementation in existing MoM codes which makes the debugging process more comprehensible. A practical example involving a real grounded monopole antenna for airplane-satellite communication is analyzed for validation purposes by comparing with precise measurements covering different electrical sizes.