Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
A Longitudinal Study of Children's Theory of Mind, Self-Concept, and Gender-Role Orientation.

This study investigated the longitudinal relations between theory of mind (ToM) understanding, self-perceptions, and perceptions of gender-role orientation in 28 school-aged children, (16 girls, 12 boys, aged 8-12 years). Theory of mind and perceptions of self were assessed at Time 1 (T1, M = 8 y 5 m) and two years later at Time 2 (T2, M = 10 y 4 m). Negative correlation was found between T1 ToM and T2 Perceptions of Moral Self ( r = -.55, p = .004). Positive correlations were found between T1 Perceived Masculinity and T1 ToM ( r = .682, p = .015). No relations were found between ToM T1 and T2 ( r = .281, ns ), as well as between T1 and T2 SelfUnderstanding scores ( r = .244, ns ). Positive relations were found between self--understanding and ToM at T1 only ( r = .394, p = .038). Implications for children’s socioemotional development are discussed.
Effects of 14 MeV neutron irradiation on the DC characteristics of CBRAM cells

CBRAM cells were irradiated with 14 MeV neutrons to a total fluence of 3.19×10<sup>13</sup> n/cm<sup>2</sup>. This is the first time that the effect of displacement damage on the DC characteristics of CBRAM has been examined. The high resistance and low resistance states of the cells are shown to converge with increasing neutron fluence. After reaching a fluence of 2.93×10<sup>13</sup> n/cm<sup>2</sup>, the CBRAM cells became irrecoverably locked into their final resistance state.
Semantic Mapping of Augmented Toys between the Physical and Virtual World

Based on an augmented toy environment we present an approach of a semantic mapping between the physical and the virtual world. The virtual representation, function and role of play objects (i.e., toys) are determined mainly by their physical appearance, i.e., the role the user would intuitively associate with a specific toy given its physical form. We describe several examples that utilize this inherent semantic mapping to increase entertainment and education (“edutainment”) capabilities of our environment and further discuss the potential and possible implications of this approach.
11β-Hydroxysteroid Dehydrogenase and the Syndrome of Apparent Mineralocorticoid Excess

I. Introduction II. Biochemistry of Cortisol Metabolism III. Mineralocorticoid Receptor Function A. Actions of aldosterone B. Structure and function of the mineralocorticoid receptor C. Hypothesis: 11-HSD protects the mineralocorticoid receptor IV. Loss of Function of 11-HSD A. Syndrome of apparent mineralocorticoid excess (AME) B. Licorice intoxication C. Ectopic ACTH syndrome D. Essential hypertension E. Related conditions V. Functional Roles of 11-HSD A. Liver B. Kidney and other mineralocorticoid target tissues C. Brain D. Circulatory system E. Skin F. Ovary G. Placenta H. Other fetal tissues VI. The Type I (Liver) Isozyme of 11-HSD A. Terminology B. Biochemistry C. Molecular biology D. Expression E. Lack of involvement in the syndromes of AME or 11-reductase deficiency VII. The Type 2 (Kidney) Isozyme of 11-HSD A. Biochemistry B. Molecular biology C. Expression D. Mutations in HSD11B2 are detected in all patients with AME VIII. Summary\.
Xaxis: A framework for web-based collaborative applications

The purpose of this paper is to present a deployment framework for web-based collaborative applications. Collaboration, current web-enabling technologies, and the recent application of those technologies will be discussed to emphasize the importance of the envisioned Xaxis framework. A partial implementation of the Xaxis framework has proven to be an ideal deployment technology for collaborative web applications in an Air Force experiment dealing with dynamic mission replanning. We identify future work necessary to bring the Xaxis framework to maturity.
Perceptual Neuroscience: The Cerebral Cortex

Expanded Contents Preface Perception and the Cerebral Cortex The Phylogenetic Development of the Cerebral Cortex Cells and Local Networks of the Neocortex The Organization of the Neocortex Synaptic Transmission in the Neocortex Activity-Dependent Changes in Synaptic Strength in the Hippocampus and Neocortex The Columnar Organization of the Neocortex The Ontogenesis of the Neocortex Secondary Events in Cortical Histogenesis and the Specification of Cortical Areas The Distributed and Hierarchical Organization of the Neocortical Systems Dynamic Operations in Neocortical Networks Rhythmicity and Synchronization in Neocortical Networks Epilogue References Illustration Credits Index
Predicción del valor motor ocular y la profundidad subjetiva en estereopsis visual

En este trabajo partimos del constructo de ccvalor motor,) asociado a las areas retinianas estimuladas, en particular las que presentan grados de disparidad susceptibles de fusión. Mediante dos procedimierztos, uno fundarnentado en la óptica geométrica y otro en la psicofísica directa c i e Stevens, utilizando estereogramas de puntos aleatorios, se abordat1 tres objetivss. En primer lugar, obtener un ajuste lineal entre alguna transformación del indicador del valor motor de 10s movimientos oczilares y el índice de disparidad binocular (IDB) propuesto. Er1 segundo lugar, se diseiia ur2 experimento psicofísica que posibilite la elaboración de tin rnodelo, basudo en la regresión lineal, el cua1 permita predecir la estimación subjetivtr de profundidad apartir del IDB. Finalmente, verificar el ajuste de ambas funciones, la obtenida desde una geometria euclídea y la obtenida a travis de la psicofísica. Los resultados evidencian un ajuste lineal cuasi perfecto entre el valor motor y la estimación subjetiva de profundidad, segzin el IDB. Palabras clave: Estereopsis, profundidud estereoscópica, estereogramas de puntos aleatorios, disparidad retiniana, percepción de la profundidad, rnediciórl psicofísica directa, ernparejurniento de rnodalidad cruzado.
Oxidized low‐density lipoprotein suppresses mouse granulosa cell differentiation through disruption of the hypoxia‐inducible factor 1 pathway

Obesity predisposes women to reproductive disorders. One symptom of obesity in women is higher levels of oxidized Low‐density lipoprotein (oxLDL) in serum and preovulatory follicles. The present study was designed to test the hypothesis that oxLDL might impair follicle differentiation and luteinization. Given that Hypoxia‐inducible factor 1 (HIF1) plays crucial roles in supporting follicle differentiation and luteinization in mammals, we focused on oxLDL‐mediated events that may affect the HIF1 pathway. We report that exposure to oxLDL diminished the expression of HIF1α and its target genes and suppressed the differentiation of mouse luteinized granulosa cells following induction by human Chorionic gonadotophin (hCG) under hypoxic conditions (1% oxygen). Significantly, the proteasome inhibitor MG‐132 prevented this oxLDL‐attenuation differentiation phenotype by blocking HIF1α degradation. Together, these findings suggest that suppression of granulosa cell differentiation by oxLDL, via HIF1α down‐regulation, may contribute the negative effects of obesity on female fertility.
Mouthpiece of the Liberal Left?

During the 2008 primary election cycle, Jon Stewart and his "fake" news program The Daily Show were often said to be little more than a leftist propaganda machine. These claims were problematic, because the charges were based neither on research nor on study of the show. Without empirical foundation, these stereotypes may have unethically skewed the public disposition regarding the program. This article uses content analysis to examine The Daily Show episodes pertaining to the selection of presidential nominees, considering newsworthiness, amount of coverage of each candidate, and the satire directed at them. The analysis dissects Stewart's comments and The Daily Show to determine not only their viability as a news source, but also to investigate the accusations of partisan coverage.
Statin ameliorates hypoxia-induced pulmonary hypertension associated with down-regulated stromal cell-derived factor-1.

AIMS Mobilization of stem cells/progenitors is regulated by the interaction between stromal cell-derived factor-1 (SDF-1) and its ligand, CXC chemokine receptor 4 (CXCR4). Statins have been suggested to ameliorate pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH); however, the mechanisms involved, especially their effects on progenitors, are largely unknown. Therefore, we examined whether pravastatin ameliorates hypoxia-induced PAH in mice, and if so, which type of progenitors and what mechanism(s) are involved. METHODS AND RESULTS Chronic hypoxia (10% O(2) for 5 weeks) increased the plasma levels of SDF-1 and mobilization of CXCR4(+)/vascular endothelial growth factor receptor (VEGFR)2(+)/c-kit(+) cells from bone marrow (BM) to pulmonary artery adventitia in Balb/c mice in vivo, both of which were significantly suppressed by simultaneous oral treatment with pravastatin (2 mg/kg/day). Furthermore, in vitro experiments demonstrated that hypoxia enhances differentiation of VEGFR2(+)/c-kit(+) cells into alpha-smooth muscle actin(+) cells. Importantly, pravastatin ameliorated hypoxia-induced PAH associated with a decrease in the number of BM-derived progenitors accumulating in the pulmonary artery adventitia. The expression of intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1) and its ligand, CD18 (beta2-integrin), were enhanced by hypoxia and were again suppressed by pravastatin. CONCLUSIONS These results suggest that pravastatin ameliorates hypoxia-induced PAH through suppression of SDF-1/CXCR4 and ICAM-1/CD18 pathways with a resultant reduction in the mobilization and homing of BM-derived progenitor cells.
ZnO dense nanowire array on a film structure in a single crystal domain texture for optical and photoelectrochemical applications

A single crystal domain texture quality (a unique in-plane and out-of-plane crystalline orientation over a large area) ZnO nanostructure of a dense nanowire array on a thick film has been homogeneously synthesized on a-plane sapphire substrates over large areas through a one-step chemical vapor deposition (CVD) process. The growth mechanism is clarified: a single crystal [ 0 2 ̄ 1? > ] oriented ZnAl2O4 buffer layer was formed at the ZnO film and the a-plane sapphire substrate interface via a diffusion reaction process during the CVD process, providing improved epitaxial conditions that enable the synthesis of the high crystalline quality ZnO nanowire array on a film structure. The high optoelectronic quality of the ZnO nanowire array on a film sample is evidenced by the free exitonic emissions in the low-temperature photoluminescence spectroscopy. A carrier density of ∼1017 cm−3 with an n-type conductivity of the ZnO nanowire array on a film sample is obtained by electrochemical impedance analysis. Finally, the ZnO nanowire array on a film sample is demonstrated to be an ideal template for a further synthesis of a single crystal quality ZnO–ZnGa2O4 core–shell nanowire array on a film structure. The fabricated ZnO–ZnGa2O4 sample revealed an enhanced anticorrosive ability and photoelectrochemical performance when used as a photoanode in a photoelectrochemical water splitting application.
Dynamic Resource Management in Cloud-based Distributed Virtual Environments

As an elastic hosting platform, cloud computing has been attracting many attentions for transferring compute-intensive applications from static self-hosting to flexible cloud-based hosting. Distributed virtual environments (DVEs) which typically involve massive users interacting at the same time and feature significant workload dynamics either in spatial due to in-game user mobility or in temporal due to the fluctuating user population, potentially are suitable applications with cloud-based hosting because of the need of resource elasticity. We explore the dynamic resource management for cloud-based DVEs by taking into account their multi-level workload dynamics which differ them from other applications. Simulation results demonstrates the advantages of our developed methods over existing ones.
Enzyme Source Effects on CYP2C9 Kinetics and Inhibition

When choosing a recombinant cytochrome P450 (P450) enzyme system for in vitro studies, it is critical to understand the strengths, limitations, and applicability of the enzyme system to the study design. Although literature kinetic data may be available to assist in enzyme system selection, comparison of data from separate laboratories is often confounded by differences in experimental conditions and bioanalytical techniques. We measured the Michaelis-Menten kinetic parameters for four CYP2C9 substrates (diclofenac, (S)-warfarin, tolbutamide, and (S)-flurbiprofen) using four recombinant CYP2C9 enzyme systems (Supersomes, Baculosomes, RECO system, and in-house purified, reconstituted enzyme) to determine whether the enzyme systems exhibited kinetic differences in metabolic product formation rates under uniform experimental conditions. The purified, reconstituted enzyme systems exhibited higher Km values, reduced substrate affinity, and lower calculated intrinsic clearance values compared with baculovirus microsomal preparations. Six- to 25-fold differences in predicted intrinsic clearance values were calculated for each substrate depending on the enzyme system-substrate combination. Results suggest that P450 reductase interactions with the CYP2C9 protein and varying ratios of CYP2C9/P450 reductase in the enzyme preparations may play a role in these observed differences. In addition, when (S)-flurbiprofen was used as a substrate probe to determine CYP2C9 inhibition with a set of 12 inhibitors, decreased inhibition potency was observed across 11 of those inhibitors in the RECO purified, reconstituted enzyme compared with the Supersomes baculovirus microsomal preparation and pooled human liver microsomes. Considering these differences, consistent use of an enzyme source is an important component in producing comparable and reproducible kinetics and inhibition data with CYP2C9.
A Multi-objective Optimization Approach to Workflow Scheduling in Clouds Considering Fault Recovery

Workflow scheduling is one of the challenging problems in cloud computing, especially when service reliability is considered. To improve cloud service reliability, fault tolerance techniques such as fault recovery can be employed. Practically, fault recovery has impact on the performance of workflow scheduling. Such impact deserves detailed research. Only few research works on workflow scheduling consider fault recovery and its impact. In this paper, we investigate the problem of workflow scheduling in clouds, considering the probability that cloud resources may fail during execution. We formulate this problem as a multi-objective optimization model. The first optimization objective is to minimize the overall completion time and the second one is to minimize the overall execution cost. Based on the proposed optimization model, we develop a heuristic-based algorithm called Min-min based time and cost tradeoff (MTCT). We perform extensive simulations with four different real world scientific workflows to verify the validity of the proposed model and evaluate the performance of our algorithm. The results show that, as expected, fault recovery has significant impact on the two performance criteria, and the proposed MTCT algorithm is useful for real life workflow scheduling when both of the two optimization objectives are considered.
Cyberbullying sobre os professores : uma realidade escondida

The extraordinary virtues of Information and Communication Technology bring potential risks, if used improperly. Our research analyses part of these risks and social conflicts which teachers are exposed to. The topic - "Cyberbullying against teachers - a hidden reality" – is both relevant and innovative in the Portuguese background because of its impact in the teachers’ everyday emotional and social development and in the school organization where they are inserted. With this exploratory descriptive and quantitative study, we intend to contribute to uncover the problem of cyberbullying and analyse its dimension and characteristics, realize its impact on the victims and understand the interest raised by this phenomenon. The data of this study was collected through a questionnaire survey online responded by 3426 teachers. A third of teachers said they had already been targeted by cyberbullying.
Puntuaciones del MoCA y el MMSE en pacientes con deterioro cognitivo leve y demencia en una clínica de memoria en Bogotá

Introduction. Some cognitive tests allow the evaluation of cognitive functions on the elderly in a short period of time. There are few studies in Colombia about cut-off point for the MMSE and the MoCA test. Objectives. To describe the distribution on scores on MMSE and MoCA test and the cut-off point with a better discrimination criteria for the diagnosis of mild cognitive impairment and dementia, in a sample of patients from Bogota. Materials and methods. Two hundred forty eight patients were included in this study, being evaluated by a multidisciplinary team that followed an established protocol, on patients who attended to the Memory Clinic of HIUSJ between 2009-2012. MoCA test and MMSE scores that allow higher percentages of correctly classified patients were identified. Results. Seventy percent of patients with mild cognitive impairment and 69% of normal individuals had scores on MMSE below or equal to 28. Ninety-one percent of patients with MCI and 89% of normal patients, had scores below or equal to 25. Patients with any type of dementia had scores on MMSE below or equal to 27 and below or equal to 24 in MoCA test. Conclusion. According to the study, the screening of cognitive functions, using MoCA test, is more accurate than MMSE in patients with cognitive decline. The cut-off points, identified in our study, can be considered useful until now in primary attention, in patients with a high level of education.
Sampling the conformational space of the catalytic subunit of human γ-secretase

Human γ-secretase is an intra-membrane protease that cleaves many different substrates. Aberrant cleavage of Notch is implicated in cancer, while abnormalities in cutting amyloid precursor protein lead to Alzheimer’s disease. Our previous cryo-EM structure of γ-secretase revealed considerable disorder in its catalytic subunit presenilin. Here, we introduce an image classification procedure that characterizes molecular plasticity at the secondary structure level, and apply this method to identify three distinct conformations in our previous sample. In one of these conformations, an additional transmembrane helix is visible that cannot be attributed to the known components of γ-secretase. In addition, we present a γ-secretase structure in complex with the dipeptidic inhibitor N-[N-(3,5-difluorophenacetyl)-L-alanyl]-S-phenylglycine t-butyl ester (DAPT). Our results reveal how conformational mobility in the second and sixth transmembrane helices of presenilin is greatly reduced upon binding of DAPT or the additional helix, and form the basis for a new model of how substrate enters the transmembrane domain.
Face au rebond de la demande de transport automobile, une approche multi-niveaux des effets de l’éco-fiscalité en Belgique et des ressorts de consommation

En prenant a temoin le cas de la Belgique, en tete des consommations europeennes de carburant par kilometre-passager, cet article presente les resultats d’une recherche interdisciplinaire sur les effets rebonds, lies a l’amelioration de l’efficacite energetique des vehicules particuliers. De la solution theorique aux impacts contreproductifs, les choix d’une fiscalite environnementale sont evalues, en partant de plusieurs niveaux d’observation et de differentes unites d’analyse. Sans surdeterminer le probleme de la consommation energetique par des calculs individuels couts-benefices, les effets de leviers et d’inertie, ainsi que les determinants, sont differencies au croisement des dimensions techniques et sociales en interaction, depuis la mise en œuvre de cet instrument d’action publique jusqu’aux pratiques des automobilistes.
Extinction curves flattened by reverse shocks in supernovae

We investigate the extinction curves of young galaxies in which dust is supplied from Type II supernovae (SNe II) and/or pair instability supernovae (PISNe). Since at high redshift (z > 5), low-mass stars cannot be dominant sources for dust grains, SNe II and PISNe, whose progenitors are massive stars with short lifetimes, should govern the dust production. Here, we theoretically investigate the extinction curves of dust produced by SNe II and PISNe, taking into account reverse shock destruction induced by collision with ambient interstellar medium. We find that the extinction curve is sensitive to the ambient gas density around a SN, since the efficiency of reverse shock destruction strongly depends on it. The destruction is particularly efficient for small-sized grains, leading to a flat extinction curve in the optical and ultraviolet wavelengths. Such a large ambient density as nH 1c m −3 produces too flat an extinction curve to be consistent with the observed extinction curve for SDSS J1048+4637 at z = 6.2. Although the extinction curve is highly sensitive to the ambient density, the hypothesis that the dust is predominantly formed by SNe at z ∼ 6 is still allowed by the current observational constraints. For further quantification, the ambient density should be obtained by some other methods. Finally, we also discuss the importance of our results for observations of high-z galaxies, stressing a possibility of flat extinction curves.
The satisfaction and stress of being a market maven: A social network perspective

Compared with the average consumer, market mavens possess a unique set of characteristics including a greater depth of knowledge of the marketplace and its products, as well as a strong social network. Based on a field study of an emerging social network of Canadian undergraduate students (N = 71), we examine the level of satisfaction and stress that market mavens experience as a result of their network participation. First, market mavens (versus non-mavens) are more satisfied with their network if they occupy central network positions. Simultaneously, however, mavens incur more stress if they occupy these central positions. Further, market mavens have a lower rate of network growth and build a more a selective network of like-minded others over time. This suggests that market mavens seek to interact with other market mavens more so than with non-mavens about product-related and market-related information. Together, we provide new insights into the personal outcomes of market mavens' network positions and their networking behavior. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Spatial and temporal distribution of the VHF/UHF radio waves in built-up land communication links

We present a unified approach of the description of the spatial and temporal distribution of radio signals within built-up radio communication links. This approach is based on a multiparametric stochastic model, which takes into account the characteristic features of built-up terrain and peculiarities of radio wave propagation related with multiple reflections, diffraction and scattering phenomena caused by obstructions surrounding both terminal antennas, the receiver and the transmitter. To describe fast fading phenomena, we propose a new general distribution of signal strength fast fading, which successfully covers the Ricean distribution in line-of-sight (LOS) and quasi-LOS conditions and the Rayleigh distribution in no line-of-sight multipath conditions usually used for description of land communication links. This new distribution leads to a multiparametric stochastic model. Based on this model, we present a strict estimation of scales of slow and fast fading and present the corresponding correlation functions in space and time domains, which describe slow and fast signal fluctuations. Finally, the power distribution in the angle-of-arrival (azimuth) domain, following the proposed stochastic approach, is considered and analyzed, both for uplink and downlink mobile communication channels