Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Academic versus Practical Experience as Relative Determinants of Judgment Performance and Confidence

Auditors evaluate the collectibility of commercial loans when they conduct financial audits of financial institutions. This judgment task is complex and cognitively demanding— task-specific knowledge is essential. Task-specific academic instruction and “classroom experience” provide for acquisition of relevant credit analysis knowledge; training of auditors and practical experience also are intended to provide relevant knowledge—but the relative benefits of academic instruction and experience versus training and practical experience remain unclear and worthy of research (e.g., Bonner and Walker 1994; Hammond 1996). First, to test for any benefit of academic task instruction and experience, loan judgments made by second-year graduate business students completing an elective course in credit analysis are compared with judgments made by audit seniors with similar business experience but without any credit analysis training or experience. The graduate students’ judgments are significantly more appropriate and less biased, with less variance, given the criterion of the mean judgment of highly experienced financial institution audit partners. Second, as a test of the benefits of academic instruction and experience versus CPA firm training and practical experience, the judgments of the graduate students are compared with judgments provided by experienced audit managers: comparable levels of judgment performance are indicated for both groups. Third, to test for any incremental benefit of additional (and considerable) task-specific experience, comparisons are made of loan judgments made by the graduate students with those of senior managers/junior partners. The senior managers/junior partners outperformed the graduate students (and the managers): they indicated the most appropriate judgments with minimum judgment bias and maximum judgment consensus--and the highest level of judgment confidence. Reported judgment models based on attribute judgments made by the participants explain why the differences in performance occurred. Results are also reported on the calibration of loan collectibility judgments, i.e., the extent to which confidence judgments are correlated with judgment errors: a significant correlation is indicated for the more experience auditors.
Phototactic Response of the Oriental Armyworm, Mythimna separata (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae), to Light-Emitting Diode Lights of Different Wavelengths

Recently, light traps using light-emitting diode (LED) lights have been applied to monitor or control insect pests. The oriental armyworm, Mythimna separata Walker, is an important insect pest that has caused damage to several cereal crops, including corn, wheat and rice. The present study aims to seek out a sensitive wavelength causing high phototactic response in M. separata. The study evaluated the phototactic responses of M. separata moths to several LED lights of different wavelengths and luminance intensities under laboratory condition. Results showed that green (520 nm) LED light resulted in significant phototactic response of M. separata moths compared to LED lights of other wavelengths. Additionally, the highest attraction rate of the moths to green LED light appeared in luminance intensity group of 200 lux compared to the other intensities groups. Experiments under optimum conditions based on the above experiments revealed that the green LED light exhibited the strongest attraction rate (64.44%) among all experimental groups. An experiment performed in a net cage also showed that green LED light resulted in the highest phototactic response of M. separata moths, 1.7 times more than a commercial black light used as control. These findings clearly demonstrate that M. separata moths have a high sensitivity to the green LED light. Therefore, a light trap equipped with green LED light could be useful for monitoring and controlling M. separata moths.
Call for a Global Study on Children Deprived of Liberty

International human rights law and in particular the United Nations Convention on the Rights of the Child (UNCRC), establish the clear obligation for states to use detention as a last resort, for the shortest period of time and to apply measures that are in the best interests of the child that aim at rehabilitation. These obligations, however, are continuously violated. It is estimated - although this number is out trotted - that over 1,000,000 children are in criminal detention worldwide; this number does not include the many cases that remain unreported or the various other forms of deprivation of liberty. Deprivation of liberty is indeed quite a broad concept and would entail "any form of detention or imprisonment or the placement of a person under the age of 18 in a public or private custodial setting, from which this person is not permitted to leave at will, by order of any judicial, administrative or other public authority". Children are, for instance, also detained in the context of immigration, based on their or their parents' migration status. Immigration detention of children always constitutes a child rights violation. Children may also be confined for physical and mental health, among other, reasons.
The impact of rotator cuff deficiency on structure, mechanical properties, and gene expression profiles of the long head of the biceps tendon (LHBT): Implications for management of the LHBT during primary shoulder arthroplasty

The long head of the biceps tendon (LHBT) occupies a unique proximal intra‐articular and distal extra‐articular position within the human shoulder. In the presence of a rotator cuff (RC) tear, the LHBT is recruited into an accelerated role undergoing potential mechanical and biochemical degeneration. Intra‐articular sections of the LHBT were harvested during primary shoulder arthroplasty from patients with an intact or deficient RC. LHBTs were stained (H&E, Alcian Blue) and subjected to histologic analysis using the semiquantitative Bonar scale and measurement of collagen orientation. LHBTs (n = 12 per group) were also subjected to gene‐expression analyses via an RT2‐PCR Profiler Array quantifying 84 genes associated with cell‐cell and cell‐matrix interactions. LHBTs (n = 18 per group) were biomechanically tested with both stress‐relaxation and load‐to‐failure protocols and subsequently modeled with the Quasilinear Viscoelastic (QLV) and Structural‐Based Elastic (SBE) models. While no histologic differences were observed, significant differences in mechanical testing, and viscoelastic modeling parameters were found. PCR arrays identified five genes that were differentially expressed between RC‐intact and RC‐deficient LHBT groups. LHBTs display signs of pathology regardless of RC status in the arthroplasty population, which may be secondary to both glenohumeral joint arthritis and the additional mechanical role of the LHBT in this population. © 2015 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Orthop Res 33:1158–1164, 2015.
Empathy, Vulnerability and Anxiety

ABSTRACT A concept of empathy as openness to the emotional perspective of another is developed in opposition to a concept of sympathy as agreement with the emotional perspective of another. Empathy involves knowledge of how things are emotionally for the other person, which is not the same thing as knowledge of the other person’s emotions. Being open to another perspective requires the capacity to hold two perspectives in mind simultaneously – one that is one’s own perspective and at the same time the adopted perspective. This is why empathy can be so challenging for someone suffering from some kinds of anxiety.
Branding Ethiopia as an Appealing Tourist Destination

This empirical analysis shows how destination branding helps to build the cognitive, affective and unique image of Ethiopia. It introduces factors that affect destination competitiveness and area of attention that can effect tourists’ perceived image and experiences. 364 external public’s respondents were approached in major selected tourist site in the country. 345 usable responses were gathered and a quantitative analysis was carried out using the SPSS to generate how each destination brand element affects overall national images. The parameters were then combined and the results of this empirical study presented using descriptive and correlation analysis techniques and outcomes were discussed accordingly. The results reveal that the strength of general environmental elements and quality seem more significant than other elements in this one test. Moreover, the cognitive, affective and unique image of the country significantly affects the overall nation brand image. The finding also revealed that the nation image is the sum of all the three dimensions of the destination image.i.e. Cognitive, affective and unique image. Certain managerial and research recommendations and suggestions were also raised as a result of the analysis.
Starch digestibility and apparent metabolizable energy of western Canadian wheat market classes in broiler chickens

Abstract Wheat is the primary grain fed to poultry in western Canada, but its nutritional quality, including the nature of its starch digestibility, may be affected by wheat market class. The objectives of this study were to determine the rate and extent of starch digestibility of wheat market classes in broiler chickens, and to determine the relationship between starch digestibility and wheat apparent metabolizable energy (AME). In vitro starch digestion was assessed using gastric and small intestinal phases mimicking the chicken digestive tract, while in vivo evaluation used 468 male broiler chickens randomly assigned to dietary treatments from 0 to 21 d of age. The study evaluated 2 wheat cultivars from each of 6 western Canadian wheat classes: Canadian Prairie Spring (CPS), Canadian Western Amber Durum (CWAD), CW General Purpose (CWGP), CW Hard White Spring (CWHWS), CW Red Spring (CWRS), and CW Soft White Spring (CWSWS). All samples were analyzed for relevant grain characteristics. Data were analyzed as a randomized complete block design and cultivars were nested within market class. Pearson correlation was used to determine relationships between measured characteristics. Significance level was P ≤ 0.05. The starch digestibility range and wheat class rankings were: proximal jejunum ‐ 23.7 to 50.6% (CWHWSc, CPSbc, CWSWSbc, CWRSab, CWGPa, CWADa); distal jejunum ‐ 63.5 to 76.4% (CWHWSc, CPSbc, CWSWSbc, CWRSab, CWGPa, CWADa); proximal ileum ‐ 88.7 to 96.9% (CWSWSc, CPSbc, CWHWSbc, CWRSb, CWGPb, CWADa); distal ileum ‐ 94.4 to 98.5% (CWSWSb, CWHWSb, CPSb, CWRSab, CWGPab, CWADa); excreta ‐ 98.4 to 99.3% (CPSb, CWRSb, CWHWSb, CWSWSab, CWGPab, CWADa). Wheat class affected wheat AMEn with levels ranging from 3,203 to 3,411 kcal/kg at 90% DM (CWRSc, CWSWSc, CPSb, CWGPb, CWADa, CWHWSa). Significant and moderately strong positive correlations were observed between in vitro and in vivo starch digestibility, but no correlations were found between AME and starch digestibility. In conclusion, rate and extent of starch digestibility and AME were affected by western Canadian wheat class, but starch digestibility did not predict AME.
Computer-aided diagnosis (CAD) for colonoscopy

Colorectal cancer is the second leading cause of cancer deaths, and ranks third for new cancer cases and cancer mortality for both men and women. However, its death rate can be dramatically reduced by appropriate treatment when early detection is available. The purpose of colonoscopy is to identify and assess the severity of lesions, which may be flat or protruding. Due to the subjective nature of the examination, colonoscopic proficiency is highly variable and dependent upon the colonoscopist’s knowledge and experience. An automated image processing system providing an objective, rapid, and inexpensive analysis of video from a standard colonoscope could provide a valuable tool for screening and diagnosis. In this paper, we present the design, functionality and preliminary results of its Computer-AidedDiagnosis (CAD) system for colonoscopy – ColonoCAD. ColonoCAD is a complex multi-sensor, multidata and multi-algorithm image processing system, incorporating data management and visualization, video quality assessment and enhancement, calibration, multiple view based reconstruction, feature extraction and classification. As this is a new field in medical image processing, our hope is that this paper will provide the framework to encourage and facilitate collaboration and discussion between industry, academia, and medical practitioners.
Quantitative measurement of peri-implant bone defects using optical coherence tomography

Purpose The purpose of this study was to visualize and identify peri-implant bone defects in optical coherence tomography (OCT) images and to obtain quantitative measurements of the defect depth. Methods Dehiscence defects were intentionally formed in porcine mandibles and implants were simultaneously placed without flap elevation. Only the threads of the fixture could be seen at the bone defect site in the OCT images, so the depth of the peri-implant bone defect could be measured through the length of the visible threads. To analyze the reliability of the OCT measurements, the flaps were elevated and the depth of the dehiscence defects was measured with a digital caliper. Results The average defect depth measured by a digital caliper was 4.88±1.28 mm, and the corresponding OCT measurement was 5.11±1.33 mm. Very thin bone areas that were sufficiently transparent in the coronal portion were penetrated by the optical beam in OCT imaging and regarded as bone loss. The intraclass correlation coefficient between the 2 methods was high, with a 95% confidence interval (CI) close to 1. In the Bland-Altman analysis, most measured values were within the threshold of the 95% CI, suggesting close agreement of the OCT measurements with the caliper measurements. Conclusions OCT images can be used to visualize the peri-implant bone level and to identify bone defects. The potential of quantitative non-invasive measurements of the amount of bone loss was also confirmed.
Editorial: The Janus Face of Language: Where Are the Emotions in Words and Where Are the Words in Emotions?

Department of Applied Emotion and Motivation Research, Institute of Psychology and Education, University of Ulm, Ulm, Germany, Department of Psychiatry, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany, Department for Biomedical Resonance, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany, 4 LEAD Graduate School, University of Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany, Cognitive Neuroscience & Behaviour Lab (CanBeLab), Department of Psychology, Webster Vienna Private University, Vienna, Austria, 6 School of Psychology, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW, Australia, 7 Faculty of Psychology, Vienna University, Vienna, Austria, Mind, Brain Imaging and Neuroethics, University of Ottawa Institute of Mental Health Research, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
Mortality in acromegaly decreased in the last decade: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

OBJECTIVE To compare the acromegaly mortality rates with those expected for the general population from studies published before and after 2008. METHODS We performed a systematic review and included observational studies in which the number of deaths observed in acromegaly was compared with the expected mortality for the general population mortality observed/expected (O/E). The following electronic databases were used as our data sources: EMBASE, MEDLINE and LILACS. From the observed and expected deaths, we recalculated all standardized mortality ratios (SMR) and their respective confidence intervals (95% CI), which were plotted in a meta-analysis using the software RevMan 5.3. RESULTS We identified 2303 references, and 26 studies fulfilled our eligibility criteria. From the 17 studies published before 2008, the mortality in acromegaly was increased, while from the nine studies published after 2008, the mortality was not different from the general population (SMR: 1.35, CI: 0.99-1.85). In six studies where somatostatin analogs (SAs) were used as adjuvant treatment, acromegaly mortality was not increased (SMR: 0.98, CI: 0.83-1.15), whereas in series including only patients treated with surgery and/or radiotherapy, mortality was significantly higher (SMR: 2.11; CI: 1.54-2.91). In studies published before and after 2008, the mortality was not increased in patients who achieved biochemical control, while it was higher in those with active disease. Cancer has become a leader cause of deaths in acromegaly patients in the last decade, period in which life expectancy improved. CONCLUSION Mortality in acromegaly is normalized with biochemical control and decreased in the last decade with the more frequent use of SAs as adjuvant therapy. Increased life expectancy has been associated with more deaths due to cancer.
Long term Effects of equity capital on the interest rate and the demand of credit. Empirical evidence from Spanish banks

We examine the consequences of demanding higher capital requirements to banks (as in Basel III or, recently, to large banks in the context of the Europe) on the dynamics of banks to comply with the new standards and on the long-term effects for the interest rates quoted to bank loans and the demand of bank credit. The analysis combines econometric estimations of the determinants of the equity capital ratios and the i nterest rates of loans with simulations of market equilibrium results on the interest rate of loans a nd the demand of bank credit, based on a parameterized model of the Spanish banking industry. We find that the gap between the target and the actual capital ratio is reduced around 40% every year, mainly with retained earnings. We also find that raising one percentage point the equ ity capital ratio increases 4.2 basis points the interest rate on loans. Finally, the simulation exe rcise shows that the estimated increase in the cost of funds for banks associated to an increment in one percentage point of the equity capital ratio will imply a decrease of 0.8% in the total de mand of bank credit. These results suggest that the social costs from higher equity capital require ments for banks are expected to be higher in the transition period, until banks reach the new standa rd, than in the steady state of the new industry equilibrium, when all banks comply with the new rat io.
Environmental evaluation of flocculation efficiency in the separation of the microalgal biomass of Scenedesmus sp. cultivated in full-scale photobioreactors

ABSTRACT In this paper the environmental evaluation of the separation process of the microalgal biomass Scenedesmus sp. from full-scale photobioreactors was carried out at the Research and Development Nucleus for Sustainable Energy (NPDEAS), with different flocculants (iron sulfate – FeCl3, sodium hydroxide – NaOH, calcium hydroxide – Ca(OH)2 and aluminum sulphate Al2(SO4)3, by means of the life cycle assessment (LCA) methodology, using the SimaPro 7.3 software. Furthermore, the flocculation efficiency by means of optical density (OD) was also evaluated. The results indicated that FeCl3 and Al2(SO4)3 were highly effective for the recovery of microalgal biomass, greater than 95%. Though, when FeCl3 was used, there was an immediate change in color to the biomass after the orange colored salt was added, typical with the presence of iron, which may compromise the biomass use according to its purpose and Al2(SO4)3 is associated with the occurrence of Alzheimer's disease, restricting the application of biomass recovered through this process for nutritional purposes, for example. Therefore, it was observed that sodium hydroxide is an efficient flocculant, promoting recovery around 93.5% for the ideal concentration of 144 mg per liter. It had the best environmental profile among the compared flocculant agents, since it did not cause visible changes in the biomass or compromise its use and had less impact in relation to acidification, eutrophication, global warming and human toxicity, among others. Thus, the results indicate that it is important to consider both flocculation efficiency aspects and environmental impacts to identify the best flocculants on an industrial scale, to optimize the process, with lower amount of flocculant and obtain the maximum biomass recovery and decrease the impact on the extraction, production, treatment and reuse of these chemical compounds to the environment. However, more studies are needed in order to evaluate energy efficiency of the process coupled with other microalgal biomass recovery technologies. In addition, studies with natural flocculants, other polymers and changes in pH are also needed, as these are produced in a more sustainable way than synthetic organic polymers and have the potential to generate a biomass free of undesirable contaminants.
Prototyping the Next Generation EnergyPlus Simulation Engine

We describe the prototype of a next-generation implementation of EnergyPlus, DOE’s whole-building energy simulation engine. This new implementation breaks EnergyPlus into a set of component models with clearly defined input and output ports. It instantiates these components and their connections from the EnergyPlus input file ‐ thereby not disrupting applications that use EnergyPlus ‐ and then simulates them using a discrete event simulator. This new structure should allow EnergyPlus to evolve more rapidly and robustly by decoupling component modules from the numerical solver. It also allows models to be exported for integration with building control systems. We prototyped this new implementation using the open-source Ptolemy II framework. We encapsulated the computing modules as Functional Mockup Units (FMUs) for Model Exchange. The system of equations defined by the connection of the FMUs is integrated using Quantized State System (QSS) simulation, a novel method that partitions systems of differential equations and integrates them asynchronously, using step sizes that are based on the time rate of change of the individual state variables. We present a numerical example that illustrates the asynchronous integration and numerical benchmarks of a multizone building model with a radiant slab. We compare the computing time among our prototype, EnergyPlus version 8.2 and the Dymola 2015 FD01 Modelica simulation engine.
The promise of mTOR inhibitors in the treatment of colorectal cancer

Introduction: Recently, deregulation of protein synthesis has begun to gain attention as a major player in cancer development and progression. Specifically, deregulation of the process of translation initiation appears to play a key role in oncogenesis. The PI3K/Akt/mTOR pathway is vital for cellular metabolism, growth and proliferation and thus an attractive therapeutic target in oncology. Accordingly, several mTOR inhibitors are currently being tested in many cancers including colorectal cancer (CRC). Areas covered: In this review, the key components of the PI3K/Akt/mTOR pathways, their molecular alterations and the inhibitors targeting the mTOR pathway in CRC are described. Complex interactions with other pathways such as the MAPK pathway are analyzed, as are possible drug combinations that target this pathway. In addition, novel strategies for use of mTOR pathway inhibitors in CRC treatment are introduced. Expert opinion: Clinical trials of mTOR inhibitors have been investigated in CRC. mTOR inhibitors may represent an attractive antitumor target in combination with strategies to target other pathways that may overcome resistance. Further research is needed to identify critical molecular effector mechanisms, molecular markers that predict responsiveness and potential toxicities.