Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
'I came back here and started smoking again': perceptions and experiences of quitting among disadvantaged smokers.

This paper draws upon qualitative research with 100 smokers (50 male and 50 female) in two Scottish areas of disadvantage to investigate their perceptions and experiences of quitting. The fieldwork took place between 1999 and 2000, with data collected through in-depth individual interviews and the completion of a smoking day grid. While many interviewees wanted to quit, they drew on their understandings of habit and addiction to illustrate the difficulties which quitting posed. Addiction was referenced through accounts of actual and anticipated unpleasant withdrawal symptoms, while accounts of the difficulties associated with quitting drew primarily upon habitual usage and routine aspects of their lives. Interviewees reported interacting frequently with other smokers. They also highlighted how stressful aspects of their lives perpetuated habitual smoking and prompted relapse following periods of cessation. Although the contexts inhabited by the interviewees were crucial in inhibiting successful quitting attempts, these factors acted in conjunction with and exacerbated feelings of physiological dependence on tobacco. Interviewees were sceptical about the effectiveness of nicotine replacement therapy (NRT) other than in the immediate or short term. For the most part, interviewees felt that NRT could not address aspects of their lives that appeared to support and sustain smoking in the long term. The paper concludes that in order to facilitate and sustain smoking cessation, tobacco control interventions need to tackle both nicotine addiction and the material circumstances experienced by disadvantaged smokers.
Uncoupling of Influenza A Virus Transcription and Replication through Mutation of the Unpaired Adenosine in the Viral RNA Promoter

ABSTRACT Transcription and replication of the influenza A virus RNA genome are mediated by the viral RNA polymerase from a promoter consisting of the partially base-paired 3′ and 5′ termini of viral genome segments. Here we show that transcription and replication can be uncoupled by mutation of an unpaired adenosine in the 5′ strand of the promoter. This residue is important for transcription but not replication by being essential for the cap-binding activity of the RNA polymerase.
Clinical, Cosmetic and Investigational Dermatology Dovepress Open Access to Scientific and Medical Research Open Access Full Text Article Biologics in the Management of Psoriasis

Psoriasis is a chronic inflammatory systemic disease for which there exist topical, ultraviolet, systemic, and biologic treatments. Biologic agents selectively interfere with the immune mechanisms responsible for psoriasis. Etanercept, infliximab, and adalimumab target tumor necrosis factor-alpha and have demonstrated efficacy in the treatment of psoriasis and psoriatic arthritis. Alefacept and efalizumab target T lymphocytes, are effective in the treatment of psoriasis, but are not approved for psoriatic arthritis. Finally, ustekinumab and ABT-874 target interleukin-12 and interleukin-23, and they have demonstrated efficacy in the treatment of psoriasis. The objective of this review is to present efficacy and safety data from randomized controlled trials of the biologic agents in the treatment of psoriasis.
KC99: A Prediction System for Chinese Textual Entailment Relation Using Decision Tree

The aim of the current study is to propose a system, which can automatically deduce entailment relations of textual pairs. The system mainly uses seven features and a decision tree is utilized as a prediction model of the system and seven features of textual pairs are employed to be input of the prediction model. The experimental results for dataset Formal-run based on our proposed method are evaluated by NTCIR. In CT-BC task, Macro-F1 of the proposed method is 57.67%. In CT-MC task, Macro-F1 is 43.73%.
Feature selection techniques for increasing reliability of fault diagnosis of bearings

Features selection (FS) techniques have an apparent need in many complex engineering applications especially the bearing fault diagnosis of low-speed industrial motor. The main goal of an FS algorithm is to select the most discriminant features subset from a high-dimension features vector that increases the model performance by reducing the redundant and irrelevant fault features. This paper proposes an efficient fault diagnosis model of bearing by incorporating the optimal feature selection approach for increasing the reliability of fault diagnosis of bearing. Also, this paper investigates the feature selection approaches including sequential forward selection (SFS), sequential floating forward selection (SFFS), and genetic algorithm (GA) for identifying the most discriminant subset. The effectiveness of this discriminant features subset is verified with a low-speed bearing fault diagnosis application for identifying bearing failures. The experimental shows up-to-mark diagnosis performance using GA based optimal feature selection method.
Eukaryote-to-eukaryote gene transfer events revealed by the genome sequence of the wine yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae EC1118

Saccharomyces cerevisiae has been used for millennia in winemaking, but little is known about the selective forces acting on the wine yeast genome. We sequenced the complete genome of the diploid commercial wine yeast EC1118, resulting in an assembly of 31 scaffolds covering 97% of the S288c reference genome. The wine yeast differed strikingly from the other S. cerevisiae isolates in possessing 3 unique large regions, 2 of which were subtelomeric, the other being inserted within an EC1118 chromosome. These regions encompass 34 genes involved in key wine fermentation functions. Phylogeny and synteny analyses showed that 1 of these regions originated from a species closely related to the Saccharomyces genus, whereas the 2 other regions were of non-Saccharomyces origin. We identified Zygosaccharomyces bailii, a major contaminant of wine fermentations, as the donor species for 1 of these 2 regions. Although natural hybridization between Saccharomyces strains has been described, this report provides evidence that gene transfer may occur between Saccharomyces and non-Saccharomyces species. We show that the regions identified are frequent and differentially distributed among S. cerevisiae clades, being found almost exclusively in wine strains, suggesting acquisition through recent transfer events. Overall, these data show that the wine yeast genome is subject to constant remodeling through the contribution of exogenous genes. Our results suggest that these processes are favored by ecologic proximity and are involved in the molecular adaptation of wine yeasts to conditions of high sugar, low nitrogen, and high ethanol concentrations.
A study on additional early physiotherapy after stroke and factors affecting functional recovery

Objective: To investigate whether additional early physiotherapy after stroke improved functional recovery in stroke patients. Design: A prospective, randomized, controlled study. Setting: One stroke ward and an acute stroke unit in a large teaching hospital, southern China. Subjects: Patients with first-onset stroke consecutively admitted to the stroke centre. Interventions: One group (n = 78) received additional early physiotherapy (AEP) for 45 minutes, five days a week for four weeks starting within the first week since stroke onset; the routine therapy (RT) group (n = 78) received no professional rehabilitation therapy. Main outcome measures: Glasgow Coma Scale, Mini-Mental State Examination, Fugl-Meyer Assessment of Motor Recovery, Clinical Neurological Deficit Scale and Modified Barthel Index (MBI). Results: Patients from the AEP group had a high drop-out rate (n = 28), but those remaining made relatively better functional recovery at 30 days than those from the RT group if measured by MBI. Multiple linear regression analysis revealed that cognitive disturbance, aphasia, double incontinence, site of lesion and sensory impairment might affect functional recovery after stroke. Conclusions: Additional early physiotherapy might improve independence of patients after stroke but failed to show benefit in other aspects in our study. Cognitive disturbance, aphasia, double incontinence, site of lesion as well as sensory impairment might affect functional outcome after stroke.
gp91phox-Containing NADPH Oxidase Mediates Endothelial Dysfunction in Renovascular Hypertension

Background—Isoforms of the NADPH oxidase contribute to vascular superoxide anion ( · O2−) formation and limit NO bioavailability. We hypothesized that the endothelial gp91phox-containing NADPH oxidase is predominant in generating the O2− to scavenge endothelial NO and thus is responsible for the development of endothelial dysfunction. Methods and Results—Endothelial dysfunction was studied in aortic rings from wild-type (WT) and gp91phox-knockout (gp91phox−/−) mice with and without renovascular hypertension induced by renal artery clipping (2K1C). Hypertension induced by 2K1C was more severe in WT than in gp91phox−/− mice (158±2 versus 149±2 mm Hg; P <0.05). Endothelium-dependent relaxation to acetylcholine (ACh) was attenuated in rings from clipped WT but not from clipped gp91phox−/− mice. The reactive oxygen species (ROS) scavenger Tiron, PEG-superoxide dismutase, and the NADPH oxidase inhibitory peptide gp91ds-tat enhanced ACh-induced relaxation in aortae of clipped WT mice. Inhibition of protein kinase C, Rac, and the epidermal growth factor receptor kinase, elements involved in the activation of the NADPH oxidase, restored normal endothelium-dependent relaxation in vessels from clipped WT mice but had no effect on relaxations in those from gp91phox−/− mice. Relaxations to exogenous NO were attenuated in vessels from clipped WT but not clipped gp91phox−/− mice. After removal of the endothelium or treatment with PEG-superoxide dismutase, NO-induced relaxations were identical in vessels from clipped and sham-operated WT and gp91phox mice. Conclusions—These data indicate that the formation of O2− by the endothelial gp91phox-containing NADPH oxidase accounts for the reduced NO bioavailability in the 2K1C model and contributes to the development of renovascular hypertension and endothelial dysfunction.
Hotspot prevention through runtime reconfiguration in network-on-chip

Many existing thermal management techniques focus on reducing the overall power consumption of the chip, and do not address location-specific temperature problems referred to as hotspots. We propose the use of dynamic runtime reconfiguration to shift the hotspot-inducing computation periodically and make the thermal profile more uniform. Our analysis shows that dynamic reconfiguration is an effective technique in reducing hotspots for NoC.
The Resistivity-Temperature Property of Transition Metal Oxide Co3O4 with In2O3 Addition

The electrical and structural properties of the mixture of Co3O4 and In2O3 were studied. All the samples were added with 2% nanocrystalline SiO2 and sintered at 1000°C for 2 hours. The sintered bodies of the samples were of high density and the average particle size was ~2μm. The materials showed the NTC behavior in a wide temperature range (100-350°C). The resistivity of the materials at room temperature decreased with increase the content of the In2O3 from 0% to 10%. The thermistor constant (B) values and activation energy(E) were 7835, 6637, 5903K, and 0.675, 0.572, and 0.509 eV as the content of In2O3 were 0%, 5% and 10%, respectively.
Vitamin E Supplementation Reverses the Age‐Associated Decrease in Effective Immune Synapse Formation in CD4+ T Cells

Abstract: Aging is associated with impairment of T cell function. We demonstrate here that age‐associated declines in T cell signaling are due to the inability to form effective immune synapses at the site of the T cell receptor and antigen interaction. On the basis of our previous research with vitamin E (VE), we hypothesized that VE supplementation of old CD4+ T cells enhances effective immune synapse formation through increased translocation of signaling proteins. Using confocal microscopy, we found that when exposed to antigen‐presenting cells, CD4+ T cells from old mice have a lower percentage of effective immune synapses compared to those from young mice. Furthermore, we show that in vitro and in vivo VE supplementation increases the percentage of old CD4+ T cells capable of forming a functional immune synapse. Further studies are under way to determine the mechanisms of age and VE‐induced enhancement of effective immune synapse formation.
A 0.5 V Area-Efficient Transformer Folded-Cascode CMOS Low-Noise Amplifier

A 0.5 V transformer folded-cascode CMOS low-noise amplifier (LNA) is presented. The chip area of the LNA was reduced by coupling the internal inductor with the load inductor, and the effects of the magnetic coupling between these inductors were analyzed. The magnetic coupling reduces the resonance frequency of the input matching network, the peak frequency and magnitude of the gain, and the noise contributions from the common-gate stage to the LNA. A partially-coupled transformer with low magnetic coupling has a small effect on the LNA performance. The LNA with this transformer, fabricated in a 90 nm digital CMOS process, achieved an S 11 of -14 dB, NF of 3.9 dB, and voltage gain of 16.8 dB at 4.7 GHz with a power consumption of 1.0 mW at a 0.5 V supply. The chip area of the proposed LNA was 25% smaller than that of the conventional folded-cascode LNA.
Uniqueness typing for resource management in message-passing concurrency

We view channels as the main form of resources in a message-passing programming paradigm. These channels need to be carefully managed in settings where resources are scarce. To study this problem, we extend the pi-calculus with primitives for channel allocation and deallocation and allow channels to be reused to communicate values of different types. Inevitably, the added expressiveness increases the possibilities for runtime errors. We define a substructural type system, which combines uniqueness typing and affine typing to reject these ill-behaved programs.
Making Space for Spatial Proportions

The three target articles presented in this special issue converged on an emerging theme: the importance of spatial proportional reasoning. They suggest that the ability to map between symbolic fractions (like 1/5) and nonsymbolic, spatial representations of their sizes or magnitudes may be especially important for building robust fractions knowledge. In this commentary, we first reflect upon where these findings stand in a larger theoretical context, largely borrowed from mathematics education research. Next, we emphasize parallels between this work and emerging work suggesting that nonsymbolic proportional reasoning may provide an intuitive foundation for understanding fraction magnitudes. Finally, we end by exploring some open questions that suggest specific future directions in this burgeoning area.
Clinical assessment and management of massive hemoptysis

Objective: Massive hemoptysis is a potentially lethal condition that deserves to be investigated thoroughly and brought under control promptly. The mortality rate depends mainly on the underlying etiology and the magnitude of bleeding. Although the diagnosis of hemoptysis may be established by chest radiograph, many pathologies may be missed. Because bronchoscopy and computed tomography are complementary, they may indicate pathologies not detectable by chest radiograph. Finding the etiology and site of the hemoptysis is imperative. Investigations: Urgent bronchoscopy should be performed in unstable patients because it exacts a paramount role in the diagnostic search and therapy. It can be used to facilitate the introduction of balloon‐tip catheters into the bleeding bronchus for tamponade of the hemorrhagic artery, protecting de facto the contralateral lung or nonbleeding bronchi from blood aspiration. Endobronchial tamponade should only be used as a temporary measure until a more specific treatment is instituted. In stable patients, computed tomography should be ordered before any bronchoscopic exploration. Interventions: Surgery was once regarded as the treatment of choice in operable patients with massive hemoptysis. Bronchial artery embolization (BAE) is an excellent nonsurgical alternative; it is proven to be very effective and lacks the mortality and morbidity encountered in surgical interventions. Nevertheless, surgery is recommended in patients with massive hemoptysis caused by thoracic vascular injury, arteriovenous malformation, leaking thoracic aneurysm with bronchial communication, hydatid cyst, and other conditions in which BAE would be inadequate. Medical Management: Conservative medical therapy may suffice in certain conditions, like bronchiectasis, coagulopathies, Goodpasture's syndrome, and acute bronchopulmonary infections. Preparation for other interventions (endobronchial tamponade, BAE, or surgery in eligible candidates) should be undertaken if the bleeding fails to respond to conservative measures. Supportive therapy should be applied vigorously to all patients with massive hemoptysis.
SUPPRESSION OR AUGMENTATION OF THE ANTIHAPTEN RESPONSE IN MICE BY ANTIBODIES OF DIFFERENT SPECIFICITIES

We have measured the production by (C57 x CBA)F1 mice of hapten-binding antibody in response to a standard dose of 50 µg of alum-precipitated NIP12-CG and the influence on this response of the prior administration of hyperimmune antisera raised against the homologous conjugate, the carrier globulin alone, the hapten conjugated to a non-cross-reactive carrier (NIP4-OA), or a related hapten (NP) coupled to CG. The homologous antiserum was strongly immunosuppressive; a dose capable of binding about 1% of the administered hapten caused significant suppression. High doses of anticarrier serum caused significant but modest suppression (about 50%); low doses had no effect. High doses of the serum prepared against NIP4-OA suppressed the 19 day response by more than 97%, while 100–1,000 times lower doses caused the response to be elevated to about double the control level. The antibodies responsible for immunosuppression could be removed from this serum, as could the NIP-binding antibodies, by absorption with NIP coupled through ethylenediamine to insoluble Sepharose. The ability of this serum to augment the response was not reduced by such absorption. Augmenting antibodies could be removed by absorption with HOP-BSA-Sepharose. Thus, immunosuppression and augmentation are functions of two different populations of antibody. The former are specific hapten-binding antibodies, the latter seem to be directed against new antigenic determinants created by coupling any of the family of haptens through lysine to protein carriers. In support of this contention, it was observed that rabbit antiserum to NP-CG, after absorption with CG-Sepharose, augmented the response of mice to standard immunization with NIP12-CG. Female mice produced significantly more NIP-binding antibody than did males.
Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor: Much More than an Angiogenesis Factor

Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) is best known as a cytokine essential for embryonic vasculogenesis and for the angiogenesis associated with various pathologies including cancer. However, VEGF also serves other functions that are less widely recognized. An early study (Berse et al., 1992) revealed widespread expression of VEGF transcripts in adult tissues devoid of ongoing neovascularization, thereby predicting additional VEGF functions distinct from angiogenesis. More recent studies have confirmed that VEGF does indeed serve multiple additional functions, including normal maintenance of endothelial and neural cell compartments. These findings have important implications for the use of VEGF antagonists and VEGF receptor antagonists in patients for which inhibition of pathological angiogenesis is the therapeutic goal.
Spectrally resolved optical frequency comb from a self-referenced 5 GHz femtosecond laser

In this paper, a self-referenced Ti:sapphire femtosecond laser frequency combs (FLFC) with 5 GHz repetition rate and 230 pJ of pulse energy is reported. The individual modes of the 5 GHz FLFC are dispersed and recorded in a 2D image using a high-resolution spectrometer. This experiment is an important milestone within ongoing efforts to investigate applications in spectroscopy and arbitrary waveform generation with well-stabilized mode-locked femtosecond lasers.
Specification and use of geopolymer concrete in the manufacture of structural and non-structural components: review of literature

This report reviews published information on the formulation, manufacture and properties of geopolymer binders and concretes, to inform the manufacture of geopolymer concrete components for structural and non-structural bridge components and other road? related infrastructure. The review shows that geopolymeric binders and concretes can be manufactured to produce products superior to Ordinary Portland Cement–based concrete (OPC concrete), particularly in relation to chemical attack on the matrix and fire resistance, but care needs to be taken in their manufacture. The report details the factors to be considered in the selection of materials and manufacture of geopolymer concrete, noting that different applications require different formulations. These factors include the: nature of aluminosilicate source materials optimum Si/Al ratio of the precursor materials composition of the activating solution, and use of solid activators ratio of water/total solids (binder + alkali salts) and the ratio of activating solution/binder, and the effects of super-plasticisers effects of ambient curing and heat curing on strength development and drying shrinkage effects of starting materials on the nature of reaction products and their properties. There is still inadequate data on the long-term mechanical and durability performance of geopolymer concrete. Future phases of this project will attempt to address these issues.
An algorithm for axiom pinpointing in EL+ and its incremental variant

Axiom pinpointing plays an important role in the development and maintenance of ontologies. It helps the user to comprehend an unwanted entailment of an ontology by presenting all minimal subsets of the ontology which are responsible for the entailment (called MinAs). In this paper, we consider the problem of axiom pinpointing in description logic EL+, which underpins OWL 2 EL, a profile of the latest version of Web Ontology Language (OWL). We propose a novel method to compute all MinAs that utilizes the hierarchy information obtained from the classification of an EL+ ontology. The advantage of our method over an existing labeled classification based method is that we do not attach labels to entailed subsumptions, which can be memory exhaustion for large scale ontologies. We further consider axiom pinpointing in EL+ when ontologies change. An incremental algorithm is given to compute all MinAs by reusing MinAs previously computed.
BLACK-BOX FAULT MODELS

Four black-box fault models are introduced in the paper. The test generation task for the black-box model is more complicated, because possible realizations of the design must be taken into account. However, the time required to generate tests is not very critical factor, because the test generation can be done in parallel with the circuit synthesis process without a prolongation of Time-to-Market. All the proposed fault models were analyzed and investigated experimentally. On the basis of these results, an appropriate fault model responding to the complexity of the problem being solved can be selected.