Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Nanometer scale patterning and pattern transfer on amorphous Si, crystalline Si, and SiO2 surfaces using self-assembled monolayers

Microcontact printing was used to form nanometer scale patterns of self-assembled monolayers (SAMs) on amorphous Si, crystalline Si, and SiO2 using octadecyltrichlorosilane (OTS) as the ink and an elastomer as the stamp. The patterns were subsequently transferred into crystalline Si substrates or amorphous Si films using the SAM of OTS as the resist film. Atomic force microscopy was used to characterize the quality of the SAM and the resulting patterns. Using a Si pillar structure as the master, “pancakes” of less than 80 nm in size were formed by over etching of the patterned OTS film on amorphous Si using KOH. The size of the resulting amorphous Si pancakes can be controlled by the etching time.
Réalisation D'un Filtrage Super-résolvant

On presente la realisation d'une pupille super-resolvante presentant un accroissement de 20 pour cent en resolution, un facteur d'eclairement au centre (coefficient de Strehl) de 0,11 et ne comportant pas d'anneau dephasant. Les maximums secondaires de la reponse percussionnelle associee sont tous inferieurs a 4 pour cent (champ non restreint). Les tolerances de realisation ont ete evaluees en calculant la reponse percussionnelle de filtres different legerement du filtre theorique: elles apparaissent suffisamment larges pour permettre un realisation par voie photographique. Les performances atteintes sont tres proches des previsions de calculs et laissent entrevoir quy'un gain en resolution de 40 pour cent en champ non restreint pourrait etre atteint par cette voie.
Analysis of factors affecting visual comfort in hotel lobby

From the perspective of emotion, utilizing eye tracking technology, this paper proposes 12 different 3D hotel lobby models to investigate how would the light illuminance, wall color, decoration style and music genre affect the visual comfort specifically. The experiment results show that the illuminance of the lamp, the color of the wall, and the decoration style have a significant impact on visual comfort. The music genre would not affect consumer’s visual comfort perception of lamp illuminance, wall color and decoration style. Normal illuminance brings the most comfort, followed by bright illuminance, and then dim illuminance; Warm color brings more comfort than cool color; and Chinese style lobby brings more comfort than European style.
Feature Selection Algorithm Using Fuzzy Rough Sets for Predicting Cervical Cancer Risks

Early detection or prediction is very important to reduce the fatalities of Cervical Cancer. Cancer cells affect the Cervix area initially, and then it will spread near by parts. A method using Fuzzy Rough sets is used to analyze the demographic dataset and identify the risk of Cervical Cancer. This method integrates Entropy, Information Gain (IG) and Fuzzy Rough sets for identifying the risk of Cervical Cancer earlier. Risk Factors are identified by IG. Rules are extracted by Fuzzy Rough sets. These rules can be used to identify the risk of Cervical Cancer efficiently that the decision trees. It is found that Human Papilloma Virus (HPV) and having Multiple Sexual Partners (MP) are the major risk factors increase the chances of affecting this cancer. If all the above factors are high the risk of affecting Cervical Cancer is high. Result of this paper will help to improve the clinical practice guidance for analyzing the risk of Cervical Cancer.Keywords: Cervical Cancer, Entropy, Information Gain, Fuzzy Rough Sets, Demographic Data, Feature selection.
Bayesian inference for the variance components in general mixed linear models

The general mixed linear model, containing both the fixed and random effects, is considered. Using gamma priors for the variance components, the conditional posterior distributions of the fixed effects and the variance components, conditional on the random effects, are obtained. Using the normal approximation for the multiple t distribution, approximations are obtained for the posterior distributions of the variance components in infinite series form. The same approximation Is used to obtain closed expressions for the moments of the variance components. An example is considered to illustrate the procedure and a numerical study examines the closeness of the approximations.
Presentation, Diagnosis, and Follow-Up Characteristics of 17α-Hydroxylase Deficiency Cases with Exon 1–6 Deletion (Founder Mutation) in the CYP17A1Gene: 20-Year Single-Center Experience

Context: 17α-Hydroxylase/17,20-lyase deficiency (17OHD) is characterized by decreased sex steroids and cortisol synthesis, as well as an increased mineralocorticoid effect. Aim: This study aimed to evaluate the clinical, biochemical, and molecular characteristics of patients with 17OHD and to discuss the diagnosis, treatment, and follow-up process. Methods: Age, symptoms, anthropometric measurements, blood pressure, and hormonal, biochemical, and chromosomal analysis results of 13 patients diagnosed with 17OHD between 2003 and 2022 were recorded at admission and during follow-up. Whole gene next-generation sequencing was performed for the CYP17A1 gene. Multiplex ligation-dependent probe amplification was used to detect deletions in patients without point mutations in CYP17A1. Results: The median age at diagnosis was 14.0 (3.5–16.8) years. Nine of 13 patients (69.2%) had 46,XY karyotypes. All patients were phenotypically female and were raised as girls. The most common reasons for admission were the absence of puberty and amenorrhea (n = 8, 61.5%), followed by hypertension (n = 3, 23.0%), and family screening (n = 2, 15.3%). At the time of diagnosis, hypertension was detected in 10 (76.9%) patients, and 11 (84.6%) patients had hypokalemia. Conclusions: 17OHD should be considered in patients with pubertal delay/primary amenorrhea, hypertension, and hypokalemia. Adrenal function should be included in the clinical study of hypergonadotropic hypogonadism, after excluding Turner syndrome, in all 46,XX females. Deletion in the CYP17A1 gene, including exons 1–6, is the founder mutation for Turkey’s east and southeast regions.
Aqueous microdrop manipulation and mixing using ferrofluid dynamics

In this letter, the authors present a simple method to manipulate free microdroplets using ferrofluid dynamics. For droplet transport, a set of periodic lines of ferrofluid on top of a silicon wafer is created by a single strip magnet and dynamically changed by the rotation of a magnetic stirrer underneath it. It is demonstrated that the speed of droplet movement depends on the rotation speed of the magnetic stirrer as well as the size of the droplet. For better droplet mixing efficiency, a discontinuous pattern at the mixing spots is created by adding a smaller strip magnet to the above setup.
Perpendicular heating of electrons by upper hybrid waves generated by a ring distribution

Satellite observations of electron conical distributions with enhanced fluxes just outside the loss cone suggest that electrons have been heated perpendicularly to the magnetic field in the mid-altitude polar magnetosphere. To understand electron conical distributions, plasma simulations are conducted to examine an upper hybrid wave instability of a ring electron distribution perpendicular to the magnetic field in a cold electron background. The simulations indicate that both the cold and ring distributions are heated perpendicularly during the saturation stage. From the plasma data, a ring distribution can be identified as a trapped distribution function with an enhancement near 90° pitch angle in the phase space density plot. It is suggested that the ring distribution might provide an additional free energy source for generating upper hybrid waves associated with electron conical events.
Age and Mental Health Symptoms Among Chinese Persons With HIV: The Mediating and Moderating Role of Perceived Discrimination

Abstract The association between age and mental health symptoms among persons with HIV (PWH) is inconsistent, and little is known about the mediators and moderators of this association. This study aimed to examine the association between age and mental health symptoms, as well as the mediators and moderators of perceived discrimination. Data were from 1,304 PWH who completed a cross-sectional survey in five areas of China. Multiple linear regressions showed that younger age was significantly associated with more severe mental health symptoms and that perceived discrimination moderated this relationship. The Sobel test showed that perceived discrimination also mediated the association between age and mental health symptoms. Our study indicates that perceived discrimination shapes the association between age and mental health symptoms among PWH and highlights the importance of designing age-tailored mental health intervention strategies for perceived discrimination among young PWH. Interventions addressing discrimination are necessary to help improve mental health, especially for young PWH.
Identification of TaGL1‐B1 gene controlling grain length through regulation of jasmonic acid in common wheat

Summary Grain length is one of the most important factors in determining wheat yield. Here, a stable QTL for grain length was mapped on chromosome 1B in a F10 recombinant inbred lines (RIL) population, and the gene TaGL1‐B1 encoding carotenoid isomerase was identified in a secondary large population through multiple strategies. The genome‐wide association study (GWAS) in 243 wheat accessions revealed that the marker for TaGL1‐B1 was the most significant among all chromosomes. EMS mutants of TaGL1 possessed significantly reduced grain length, whereas TaGL1‐B1‐overexpressed lines possessed significantly increased grain length. Moreover, TaGL1‐B1 strongly interacted with TaPAP6. TaPAP6‐overexpressed lines had significantly increased grain length. Transcriptome analysis suggested that TaPAP6 was possibly involved in the accumulation of JA (jasmonic acid). Consistently, JA content was significantly increased in the TaGL1‐B1 and TaPAP6 overexpression lines. Additionally, the role of TaGL1‐B1 in regulating carotenoids was verified through QTL mapping, GWAS, EMS mutants and overexpression lines. Notably, overexpression of TaGL1‐B1 significantly increased wheat yield in multiple locations. Taken together, overexpression of TaGL1‐B1 enhanced grain length, probably through interaction with TaPAP6 to cause the accumulation of JA that improved carotenoid content and photosynthesis, thereby resulted in increased wheat yield. This study provided valuable genes controlling grain length to improve yield and a potential insight into the molecular mechanism of modulating JA‐mediated grain size in wheat.
On an Extension of the Notion of f-Divergence

For a lower semicontinuous convex function $f: {\bf R}\to{\bf R}\cup\{+\infty\}$, ${\rm dom} f\subseteq{\bf R}_+$, we give a definition and study properties of the f-divergence of finitely additive set functions $\mu$ and $\nu$ given on a measurable space $(\Omega,{\cal F})$. If f is finite on $(0,+\infty)$ and $\mu$ and $\nu$ are probability measures, our definition is equivalent to the classical definition of the f-divergence introduced by Csiszar. As an application, we obtain a result on attaining the minimum by the f-divergence over a set ${\cal Z}$ of pairs of probability measures.
On product spaces and product mappings

Recently E. Michael [7] has proved that the topological product of a normal space with a metric space is not normal in general. As for the problem to find a necessary and sufficient condition for a topological space $X$ to possess the property that the product space $X\times Y$ is normal for any metric space $Y$, K. Morita [13] gave a complete solution by introducing the notion of P-spaces. Furthermore, in his paper [14] K. Morita has defined the notion of basic coverings in the product space $X\times Y$ of a normal space $X$ with a metric space $Y$, and established a necessary and sufficient condition for
Kinetic factors of physiology and the dynamic light environment influence the economic landscape of short-term hydraulic risk.

Optimality-based models of stomatal conductance unify biophysical and evolutionary constraints and can improve predictions of land-atmosphere carbon and water exchange. Recent models incorporate hydraulic constraints by penalizing excessive stomatal opening in relation to hydraulic damage caused by low water potentials. We used simulation models to test whether penalties based solely on vulnerability curves adequately represent the optimality hypothesis, given that they exclude the effects of kinetic factors on stomatal behavior and integrated carbon balance. To quantify the effects of non-steady-state phenomena on the landscape of short-term hydraulic risk, we simulated diurnal dynamics of leaf physiology for 10,000 patches of leaf in a canopy, and used a ray-tracing model, Helios, to simulate realistic variation in sunfleck dynamics. Our simulations demonstrated that kinetic parameters of leaf physiology and sunfleck properties influence the economic landscape of short-term hydraulic risk, as characterized by the effect of stomatal strategy (gauged by the water potential causing a 50% hydraulic penalty) on both aggregated carbon gain and the aggregated carbon cost of short-term hydraulic risk. Hydraulic penalties in optimization models should be generalized to allow their parameters to account for kinetic factors, in addition to parameters of hydraulic vulnerability.
The triglyceride-glucose index as an indicator of insulin resistance and cardiometabolic risk in Brazilian adolescents

ABSTRACT Objective: To set cutoff points for the triglyceride and glucose index (TyG) as a marker of insulin resistance (IR) for the pediatric population. Subjects and methods: This was a cross-sectional study with schoolchildren population-based data using data of 377 schoolchildren age 10 to 17 years of both sexes. We studied metabolic variables associated with IR indicators, such as fasting insulin and blood glucose, to calculate the homeostatic model assessment (HOMA-IR), and we studied triglycerides (TG) to determine the TyG index. We obtained TyG cutoff values for IR using the receiver operation characteristic (ROC), with definitions of sensitivity (Sen), specificity (Spe), and area under the ROC curve (AUC), with the HOMA-IR as reference. Results: The cutoff points of the TyG index for IR in adolescents are 7.94 for both sexes, 7.91 for boys, and 7.94 for girls, indicating moderate discriminatory power. When we also considered anthropometric variables of excess weight [TyG-BMI (body mass index)] and visceral fat [TyG-WC (waist circumference)], these indexes reached AUC values higher than 0.72, enhancing their potential use for a good diagnosis. Conclusion: TyG has proven to be a useful instrument for identifying IR in adolescent health screening, with high discrimination capacity when added to anthropometric variables, making it a feasible and inexpensive option.
Compensation of CD-SEM image-distortion detected by View-Shift Method

Local-distortion of CD-SEM image can be detected and compensated by a unique technique: View-Shift method. As design rule of semiconductor device is getting shrunk, metrology by critical dimension scanning electron microscope (CD-SEM) is not only for measuring dimension but also shape, such as 2D contour of hot-spot pattern and OPC calibration-pattern. Accuracy of the shape metrology is dependent on the local image-distortion that consists of two components: magnification distortion and shape distortion. The magnification distortion can be measured by pitchcalibration method, that measures pitch of an identical line pattern at a lot of locations in image. However, this method cannot measure the shape distortion, that is for instance, bending of a uniform-width line. To measure accurately and quickly the image-distortion, we invented the View-Shift method, in which images of uniquetexture sample are taken before and after an image-shift by about 100nm. Between the two images we measure displacements of the unique-textures found at each grid-point spread over the image. Variation of the local displacements indicates the local image-distortion. In this work, we demonstrate a method to compensate the image-distortion detected by the View-Shift method. Due to the image-distortion, edge-points determined in SEM-image have already been dislocated. Such dislocation can be relocated to compensate the detected local-distortion. Onsite and on-demand compensation right before CD-SEM measurement for process monitoring is possible because we can quickly apply the View-Shift method and complete the compensation in a few minutes.
Estimating neural activity from visual areas using functionally defined EEG templates

Electroencephalography (EEG) is a common and inexpensive method to record neural activity in humans. However, it lacks spatial resolution making it difficult to determine which areas of the brain are responsible for the observed EEG response. Here we present a new easy‐to‐use method that relies on EEG topographical templates. Using MRI and fMRI scans of 50 participants, we simulated how the activity in each visual area appears on the scalp and averaged this signal to produce functionally defined EEG templates. Once created, these templates can be used to estimate how much each visual area contributes to the observed EEG activity. We tested this method on extensive simulations and on real data. The proposed procedure is as good as bespoke individual source localization methods, robust to a wide range of factors, and has several strengths. First, because it does not rely on individual brain scans, it is inexpensive and can be used on any EEG data set, past or present. Second, the results are readily interpretable in terms of functional brain regions and can be compared across neuroimaging techniques. Finally, this method is easy to understand, simple to use and expandable to other brain sources.
Repeated measures analysis of opioid use disorder treatment on clinical opiate withdrawal scale in a randomized clinical trial: sex differences

Abstract Purpose Sex differences may exist in opioid use disorder (OUD) treatment. This study examined the treatment effects of buprenorphine/naloxone (BUP/NX) and methadone (MET) on the Clinical Opiate Withdrawal Scale (COWS) score in individuals with OUD and tested whether the associations differ by sex. Method We performed a secondary analysis of the data from the National Drug Abuse Treatment Clinical Trials Network (CTN) protocol-0027. A total of 1269 participants (861 males and 408 females) being aged 18 or older with OUD were randomly assigned to receive BUP/NX (n = 740) or MET (n = 529). The paired t test was initially used to compare the COWS scores between pre-dose and post-dose for BUP/NX and MET treatments, separately. The linear mixed model was used to examine the changes in COWS score adjusted for baseline demographic, substance use, and mental health disorders. The interaction of sex and treatment was detected and stratified analysis by sex was conducted. Results The paired t test showed that both BUP/NX and MET treatments significantly reduced the COWS scores (p values <0.0001). BUP/NX revealed higher COWS scores than MET (p = 0.0008) and females demonstrated significantly higher COWS scores than males (p = 0.0169). Stratified by sex, BUP/NX compared with MET revealed higher COWS scores only in males (p = 0.0043), whereas baseline amphetamines use disorder and major depressive disorder were significantly associated with COWS scores in females (p = 0.0158 and 0.0422, respectively). Conclusions Both BUP/NX and MET are effective in decreasing opioid withdrawal symptoms via COWS scores, however, treatment plans for OUD by clinical providers should consider sex differences.
How the geometry and mechanics of bighorn sheep horns mitigate the effects of impact and reduce the head injury criterion

Male bighorn sheep (Ovis canadensis) participate in seasonal ramming bouts that can last for hours, yet they do not appear to suffer significant brain injury. Previous work has shown that the keratin-rich horn and boney horncore may play an important role in mitigating brain injury by reducing brain cavity accelerations through energy dissipating elastic mechanisms. However, the extent to which specific horn shapes (such as the tapered spiral of bighorn sheep) may reduce accelerations post-impact remains unclear. Thus, the goals of this work were to (a) quantify bighorn sheep horn shape, particularly the cross-sectional areal properties related to bending that largely dictate post-impact deformations, and (b) investigate the effects of different tapered horn shapes on reducing post-impact accelerations in an impact model with finite element analysis. Cross-sectional areal properties indicate bighorn sheep horns have a medial–lateral bending preference at the horn tip (p = 0.006), which is likely to dissipate energy through medial–lateral horn tip oscillations after impact. Finite element modeling showed bighorn sheep native horn geometry reduced the head injury criterion (HIC15) by 48% compared to horns with cross-sections rotated by 90° to have a cranial–caudal bending preference, and by 125% compared to a circular tapered spiral model. These results suggest that the tapered spiral horn shape of bighorn sheep is advantageous for dissipating energy through elastic mechanisms following an impact. These findings can be used to broadly inform the design of improved safety equipment and impact systems.
Modelling of working machines seat suspension with an air‐spring and hydraulic shock‐absorber

For the purpose of this paper, an exemplary seat suspension system is modelled and simulated numerically. The system consists of a shear guidance mechanism of a suspended seat, an air‐spring, a hydraulic shock‐absorber and end‐stop buffers. As results of computer simulations, the power spectral densities of acceleration and the transmissibility functions of seat suspension are evaluated with respect to results measured experimentally. The verification of simulation model is performed in the basis of Seat Effective Amplitude Transmissibility factor (SEAT) and the maximum relative displacement of suspension system. (© 2009 Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
‘Now you will understand what it is like to be confined’: Did COVID-19 lockdowns affect perceptions about long-term psychiatric hospitalizations? A report from Argentina

Background: Lockdowns have been one of the government’s primary measures to control COVID-19, especially during the initial waves of the pandemic, but there is concern on the impact of lockdowns on people’s mental health. Confinement is still today the reality of many people with severe mental illness in many places of the world. Objective: Given that the general population experienced confinement during the COVID-19 pandemic, we sought to explore if that affected perceptions about long-term psychiatric hospitalizations. Methods: About 134 residents from middle-class neighborhoods in urban settings in the Province of Buenos Aires, Argentina, were surveyed. Participants were asked if they felt emotionally affected by the pandemic and lockdown, and about their perceptions of long-term psychiatric hospitalizations. Association between personal emotional impact by the pandemic or lockdown with perceptions about long-term psychiatric hospitalization were analyzed using chi-square test. Qualitative analysis of pandemic and lockdown effects was held. Results: Respondents tended to overlap the emotional effects of the pandemic and the lockdown. Some responses explicitly referred to confinement. No association was observed between emotional impact by the pandemic or lockdown and perceptions about long-term psychiatric hospitalization among the sample. The general population’s perceptions of long-term psychiatric hospitalization do not appear to be affected by the first-hand experience of confinement, which suggest persistence of stigma, and the need to reconsider public policies and actions that attempt to impact on it.