Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
MMwave MIMO in 5G Network Analysis for Spectral Efficiency with Beamforming Based Channel Estimation

5G network has its high energy efficiency and spectrum efficiency, massive multiple-input and multiple-output (MIMO) has been envisioned as a key technology.This research work is centred on optimal method creation of energy-efficient massive MIMO methods, which is most active research technology in the communication industry.The suggested model, which takes into account a multi-cell model scenario, is a realistic method that improved spectral efficiency (SE) of huge MIMO methods.Base stations (BSs) do channel estimate based on uplink (UL) transmission using least-square (LS), element-wise MMSE, and minimum mean-squared error (MMSE) estimators.This research propose novel technique in MMwaveMIMO 5G network based spectral efficiency and channel estimation. The aim of this research is to enhance the spectral efficiency of MIMO channel using HetNets zero forcing Multiuser propagation models. The channel estimation is carried out based on beamforming using matched filter channel estimation with wide band antenna.Finally, simulation results demonstrate the high channel estimate accuracy and spectrum efficiency that the suggested systems can accomplish.Proposed technique attained sum rate of 85%, spectral efficiency of 93%, DoF of 79%, energy efficiency of 98% and detection accuracy of 96% for number of cells and sum rate of 77%, spectral efficiency of 85%, DoF of 71%, energy efficiency of 92% and detection accuracy of 95% for number of users.
On identifying the neutron star that was born in the supernova that placed 60Fe onto the Earth

Recently, 60Fe was found in the Earth crust formed in a nearby recent supernova (SN). If the distance to the SN and mass of the progenitor of that SN was known, then one could constrain SN models. Knowing the positions, proper motions, and distances of dozens of young nearby neutron stars, we can determine their past flight paths and possible kinematic origin. Once the birth place of a neutron star in a SN is found, we would have determined the distance of the SN and the mass of the SN progenitor star.
Orthogonal black di-ring solution

We construct a five dimensional exact solution of the orthogonal black di-ring which has two black rings whose $S^1$-rotating planes are orthogonal. This solution has four free parameters which represent radii of and speeds of $S^1$-rotation of the black rings. We use the inverse scattering method. This method needs the seed metric. We also present a systematic method how to construct a seed metric. Using this method, we can probably construct other solutions having many black rings on the two orthogonal planes with or without a black hole at the center.
Stress and Coping Strategies of Health Care Workers During Covid-19 Pandemic

Background: Since the onset of the current epidemic of COVID-19 infection among humans in Wuhan, China and it’s spreading around the globe causing heavy impacts on physical and mental health, especially health care workers. Objective: To estimate the prevalence of stress among health care workers and their coping strategies during COVID-19 pandemic. Patients and Methods: A descriptive, observational, cross-sectional study was conducted from July 1st to August 30th, 2021. It included health care workers within Mansoura city dealing with confirmed or suspected cases of COVID-19. An online self-administered questionnaire;17 questions, Perceived Stress Scale (PSS-14) and Mini-COPE Inventory (COPE-28). Results: A total of 227 health care workers responded the questionnaire with mean stress score of 27.77±4.76SD. Prevalence of severe stress was 21.1% that appeared more among divorced or widow health care workers (OR=4.75), working directly with COVID-19 patients, in primary health units, not satisfied with their income with present history of comorbidity or psychiatric disease (OR=2.13, OR=5.9) and with minimal sleeping duration. There was statistically significant positive correlation between total stress score and each strategy of adaptive and maladaptive coping strategies. Conclusion: High job demands, increased work responsibilities, fear from infection transmission and many other stressors have put health care workers under unusual level of stress during COVID-19 pandemic. © 2022, Ain Shams University Faculty of Medicine. All rights reserved.
The equipartition magnetic field formula in starburst galaxies: accounting for pionic secondaries and strong energy losses

Equipartition arguments provide an easy way to find a characteristic scale for the magnetic field from radio emission, by assuming the energy densities in cosmic rays and magnetic fields are the same. Yet most of the cosmic ray content in star-forming galaxies is in protons, which are invisible in radio emission. Therefore, the argument needs assumptions about the proton spectrum, typically that of a constant proton/electron ratio. In some environments, particularly starburst galaxies, the reasoning behind these assumptions does not necessarily hold: secondary pionic positrons and electrons may be responsible for most of the radio emission, and strong energy losses can alter the proton/electron ratio. We derive an equipartition expression that should work in a hadronic loss-dominated environment like starburst galaxies. Surprisingly, despite the radically different assumptions from the classical equipartition formula, numerically the results for starburst magnetic fields are similar. We explain this fortuitous coincidence using the energetics of secondary production and energy loss times. We show that these processes cause the proton/electron ratio to be � 100 for GHz-emitting electrons in starbursts.
Numerical simulations for the DRESDYN precession dynamo

The next generation dynamo experiment currently under development at Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf (HZDR) will consist of a precessing cylindrical container filled with liquid sodium. We perform numerical simulations of kinematic dynamo action applying a velocity field that is obtained from hydrodynamic models of a precession driven flow. So far, the resulting magnetic field growth-rates remain below the dynamo threshold for magnetic Reynolds numbers up to Rm=2000.
XMM-NEWTON OBSERVATIONS OF TWO CANDIDATE SUPERNOVA REMNANTS

Candidate supernova remnants (SNRs) G23.5+0.1 and G25.5+0.0 were observed by XMM-Newton in the course of a snapshot survey of plerionic and composite SNRs in the Galactic plane. In the field of G23.5+0.1, we detected an extended source, ∼3′ in diameter, which we tentatively interpret as a pulsar wind nebula (PWN) of the middle-aged radio pulsar B1830–08 (J1833–0827; P = 85.3 ms, τ = 147 kyr, = 5.8 × 1035 erg s−1, d = 5.7 kpc), with the PWN luminosity L0.2–10 keV ≈ 5 × 1033 erg s−1 ≈ 8 × 10−3 . The pulsar is not resolved in the EPIC images. Our analysis suggests an association between PSR B1830–08 and the surrounding diffuse radio emission. If the radio emission is due to the SNR, then the pulsar must be significantly younger than its characteristic age. Alternatively, the radio emission may come from a relic PWN. The field also contains SGR 1833–0832 and another middle-aged pulsar B1829–08 (J1832–0827; P = 647 ms, τ = 161 kyr, = 9.3 × 1033 erg s−1, d = 4.7 kpc), none of which are detected in our observation. In the field of G25.5+0.0, which contains the extended TeV source HESS J1837–069, we detected the recently discovered young high-energy pulsar J1838–0655 (P = 70.5 ms, τ = 23 kyr, 5.5 × 1036 erg s−1) embedded in a PWN with extent of 1. ′3. The unabsorbed pulsar + PWN luminosity is L2–11 keV ≈ 2 × 1034 erg s−1 ≈ 4 × 10−3 at an assumed distance of 7 kpc. We also detected another PWN candidate (AX J1837.3–0652) with an extent of 2′ and unabsorbed luminosity L2–10 keV ≈ 4 × 1033 erg s−1 at d = 7 kpc. The third X-ray source, located within the extent of the HESS J1837–069, has a peculiar extended radio counterpart, possibly a radio galaxy with a double nucleus or a microquasar. We did not find any evidence of the SNR emission in the G25.5+0.0 field. We provide detailed multiwavelength analysis and identifications of other field sources and discuss robustness of the G25.5+0.0 and G23.5+0.1 classifications as SNRs.
Real Time Control Structure for MISO Processes

The advanced control of multi-variable systems is a continuous research challenge that implies a realistic balance between theoretical and practical solutions. MISO systems are frequently encountered in real life industrial applications in the fields of petrochemical engineering, fluid transportation, automotive etc. The paper aims at offering a practical solution for the implementation of a real time control system for MISO systems, particularly to a 3 inputs and one output system. The solution is based on the utilization of practical and theoretical notions which lead to the implementation of a Multi-Model control system (MM). Tests and results applied on an academic platform validate the proposed solutions.
Semicoherent search strategy for known continuous wave sources in binary systems

We present a method for detection of weak continuous signals from sources in binary systems via the incoherent combination of many short coherently analyzed segments. The main focus of the work is on the construction of a metric on the parameter space for such signals for use in matched-filter based searches. The metric is defined using a maximum likelihood detection statistic applied to a binary orbit phase model including eccentricity. We find that this metric can be accurately approximated by its diagonal form in the regime where the segment length is > the segment length) for all but the orbital angular frequency. Increased template density for this parameter scales linearly with the observation span. We also present two example search schemes. The first use a reparametrized phase model upon which we compute the metric on individual short coherently analyzed segments. The second assumes long >> the orbital period segment lengths from which we again compute the coherent metric and find itmore » to be approximately diagonal. In this latter case we also show that the semicoherent metric is equal to the coherent metric. « less
Topological thermal Hall effect driven by spin-chirality fluctuations in frustrated antiferromagnets

By revealing an underlying relation between the Dzyaloshinskii-Moriya interaction (DMI) and the scalar spin chirality, we develop the theory of magnon thermal Hall effects in antiferromagnetic systems. The dynamic fluctuation of the scalar chirality is shown to directly respond to the nontrivial topology of magnon bands. In materials such as the jarosites compounds KFe$_3$(OH)$_6$(SO$_4$)$_2$ and veseignite BaCu$_3$V$_2$O$_8$(OH)$_2$ in the presence of in-plane DMI, the time-reversal symmetry can be broken by the fluctuations of scalar chirality even in the case of coplanar $\mathbf{q}=0$ magnetic configuration. The spin-wave Hamiltonian is influenced by a fictitious magnetic flux determined by the in-plane DMI. Topological magnon bands and corresponding nonzero Chern numbers are presented without the need of a canted non-coplanar magnetic ordering. The canting angle dependence of thermal Hall conductivity is discussed in detail as well. These results offer a clear principle of chirality-driven topological effects in antiferromagnetically coupled systems.
Genetic Characterization and Alternative Preservation Ways of Locally Adapted Sheep Breeds: Cases of Private and Public Sheep Sectors in Tunisia and Italy

Simple Summary The genetic characterization of native sheep breeds from the Tunisian-Italian Mediterranean corridor, the earliest westward introduction route of sheep breeding from the domestication center, was carried out using microsatellite markers in order to compare the genetic diversity level between both Mediterranean sides’ local sheep breeds, and to investigate their level of risk for conservation purposes. Sampling concerned both private and public/institutional farms of all the native Tunisian breeds in the case of the southern Mediterranean side, and one center Italian and the Venetian native breeds from the northern side. The results revealed that the genetic diversity level of the Tunisian native breeds was higher than that of the Italian ones, with a lower inbreeding level. The comparison between private and public farms in terms of genetic diversity, consanguinity, and conservation decisions highlighted the superiority of the public/institutional breeding management strategies over private ones in both Tunisian and Italian cases. The present study illustrated the efficiency of genomic characterization in making genetic diversity evaluations and preservation decisions of native and well-adapted sheep breeds in both developing and developed countries’ rearing conditions. Abstract Non-commercialized sheep breeds known as local or native breeds are well adapted to their environmental constraints and constitute precious genetic resources that need prioritization for genetic diversity characterization and preservation. The aim of the present study was to assess the genetic diversity level and the related preservation decisions of very old and traditional native Mediterranean sheep breeds from Tunisia and Italy using 17 microsatellite markers. In total, 975 sheep were sampled from five Tunisian, one Center Italian, and four Venetian native breeds. Both private and publicly available farms were considered for each breed for breeding strategies’ comparison purposes. The microsatellite set used was highly informative (PIC = 0.80 ± 0.08), with a total of 383 alleles. Moderate genetic differentiation was revealed between the native sheep of the two Mediterranean sides (global overall loci FST = 0.081). The genetic diversity level was higher in the case of the Tunisian native breeds compared to the Italian ones, as evidenced by higher mean allelic richness, higher expected and observed heterozygosities, and lower inbreeding levels. Priority for conservation suggestions was carried out for each private or public breed population based on the contribution of each population to the diversity of the whole data. The four Venetian breeds, already undergoing conservation, the Tunisian dairy breed, and the very ancient Maghrebian breed, would be favored for conservation. In conclusion, our results highlighted the importance of the analyzed Mediterranean native sheep breeds as valuable inherited genetic reservoirs and supported previous conservation decisions made for the threatened breeds.
Link Prediction in Co-authorship Networks

Besides social network analysis, the Link-Prediction (LP) problem has useful applications in information retrieval, bioinformatics, telecommunications, microbiology, and e-commerce as a forecast of future links in a given context to find what possible connections are based on a local and global statistical analysis of the given graph data. However, in Academic Social Networks (ASNs), the LP issue has recently attracted a lot of attention in academia and called for a variety of link prediction techniques to predict co-authorship among researchers and to examine the rich structural and associated data. As a result, this study investigates the problem of LP in ASNs to forecast the upcoming co-authorships among researchers. In a systematic approach, this review presents, analyses, and compares the primary taxonomies of topological-based, content-based, and hybrid-based approaches, which are used for computing similar scores for each pair of unconnected nodes. Then, this study ends with findings on challenges and open problems for the community to work on for further development of the LP problem of scholarly social networks.
Renormalization of scalar and Yukawa field theories with Lorentz violation

We consider a theory of scalar and spinor fields, interacting through Yukawa and phi^4 interactions, with Lorentz-violating operators included in the Lagrangian. We compute the leading quantum corrections in this theory. The renormalizability of the theory is explicitly shown up to one-loop order. In the pure scalar sector, the calculations can be generalized to higher orders and to include finite terms, because the theory can be solved in terms of its Lorentz-invariant version.
Squared Coherence Analysis Might Suggest Cerebral Autoregulation Post-Surgery Impairment in Patients Undergoing Surgical Aortic Valve Replacement

A squared coherence (K2) approach was applied to investigate cerebral autoregulation (CA) in 33 patients (age: 63±14 yrs; 27 males) undergoing surgical aortic valve replacement (SAVR) before surgery (PRE), after surgery (POST) and after a 3-month follow-up (POST3). K2 was assessed between mean arterial pressure and mean cerebral blood flow velocity in very low frequency (VLF, 0.02-0.07 Hz), low frequency (LF, 0.07-0.15 Hz) and high frequency (HF, 0.15-0.4 Hz) bands at rest in supine position (REST) and during active standing (STAND). The significance of K2 was tested individually via a surrogate approach. Results showed that K2 in HF band increased during POST compared to PRE at REST but this rise was more limited during STAND. Analysis of K2 suggests a possible impairment of CA after SAVR that might expose patients to a higher risk of developing post-surgery cerebrovascular adverse events.
Water Quality Prediction for Salmon Fish Using Gated Recurrent Unit (GRU) Model

Predicting the quality of water is essential for fish growth and survival. Mainly, yield of aquaculture is depending onthe water conditions. The physical, chemical, and biological parameters that affect the water conditions are PH, Temperature,Dissolved Oxygen, Nitrate, and Biological Oxygen Demand, Mg, EC, Turbidity, Na, PO4, PH, Ca, NO3 and NO2. Previously many studies are focusing on the water quality conditions, but most of the existing systems work on only with one or two water quality parameters and analyse the impact of those parameters for aquaculture. In this paper, we determine the water quality conditions impact on the salmon fishes. Here, gated recurrent unit(GRU) was used to predict the water quality for growth and survival of salmon fish. Proposed GRU algorithm yields the moreaccurate values than the existing ANN and LSTM algorithms.
The O2 A-Band in the Fluxes and Polarization of Starlight Reflected by Earth-Like Exoplanets

Earth-like, potentially habitable exoplanets are prime targets in the search for extraterrestrial life. Information about their atmospheres and surfaces can be derived by analyzing the light of the parent star reflected by the planet. We investigate the influence of the surface albedo As, the optical thickness bcloud, the altitude of water clouds, and the mixing ratio of biosignature O2 on the strength of the O2 A-band (around 760 nm) in the flux and polarization spectra of starlight reflected by Earth-like exoplanets. Our computations for horizontally homogeneous planets show that small mixing ratios (η < 0.4) will yield moderately deep bands in flux and moderate-to-small band strengths in polarization, and that clouds will usually decrease the band depth in flux and the band strength in polarization. However, cloud influence will be strongly dependent on properties such as optical thickness, top altitude, particle phase, coverage fraction, and horizontal distribution. Depending on the surface albedo and cloud properties, different O2 mixing ratios η can give similar absorption-band depths in flux and band strengths in polarization, especially if the clouds have moderate-to-high optical thicknesses. Measuring both the flux and the polarization is essential to reduce the degeneracies, although it will not solve them, especially not for horizontally inhomogeneous planets. Observations at a wide range of phase angles and with a high temporal resolution could help to derive cloud properties and, once those are known, the mixing ratio of O2 or any other absorbing gas.
IDENTIFYING ANOMALIES IN GRAVITATIONAL LENS TIME DELAYS

We examine the ability of gravitational lens time delays to reveal complex structure in lens potentials. In a previous paper, we predicted how the time delay between the bright pair of images in a “fold” lens scales with the image separation, for smooth lens potentials. Here we show that the proportionality constant increases with the quadrupole moment of the lens potential, and depends only weakly on the position of the source along the caustic. We use Monte Carlo simulations to determine the range of time delays that can be produced by realistic smooth lens models consisting of isothermal ellipsoid galaxies with tidal shear. We can then identify outliers as “time delay anomalies. ” We find evidence for anomalies in close image pairs in the cusp lenses RX J1131 − 1231 and B1422+231. The anomalies in RX J1131 − 1231 provide strong evidence for substructure in the lens potential, while at this point the apparent anomalies in B1422+231 mainly indicate that the time delay measurements need to be improved. We also find evidence for time delay anomalies in larger-separation image pairs in the fold lenses, B1608+656 and WFI 2033 − 4723, and the cusp lens RX J0911+0551. We suggest that these anomalies are caused by some combination of substructure and a complex lens environment. Finally, to assist future monitoring campaigns we use our smooth models with shear to predict the time delays for all known four-image lenses.
“We Never Get Ahead but We Have Enough”

Country music has cultural and narrative roots in the American working class. As such, themes of class are integral to the mythos of country music, informing the musicians and shaping the genre’s audience. Researchers have studied the origins of class narratives in American country music, but less analysis has been given to the specific ways that these themes are expressed rhetorically. The purpose of this study was to analyze how class-based narratives are expressed in country music. Through a content analysis of the lyrics of popular country songs between 1950 and 2009, three overarching themes emerged. First, the emphasis of emotional over material experiences: emotional consequences related to working-class material conditions were the focus of songs’ rhetoric, rather than underlying material issues. Second, escapism and sentimentality: class-based issues were expressed as sentimental or nostalgic as a means of escaping material struggle or downplaying their severity. Finally, parasocial commiseration: the building of a one-sided connection between artists and their audience based on their perceived shared class identity. These themes provide insight into emotional rhetoric that affects working-class politics in the US, as well as broader race, class, and political issues.
OBLIQUE SHOCK BREAKOUT IN SUPERNOVAE AND GAMMA-RAY BURSTS. I. DYNAMICS AND OBSERVATIONAL IMPLICATIONS

In a non-spherical stellar explosion, non-radial motions become important near the stellar surface. For realistic deviations from spherical symmetry, non-radial flow dramatically alters the dynamics and emission of shock emergence on a significant fraction of the surface. The breakout flash is stifled, ejecta speeds are limited, and matter is cast sideways. Non-radial ejection allows for collisions outside the star, which may engender a new type of transient. Strongly oblique breakouts are most easily produced in compact stellar progenitors, such as white dwarfs and stripped-envelope core-collapse supernovae. We study the shock structure and post-shock acceleration using conservation laws, a similarity analysis, and an approximate theory for oblique shocks. The shock is likely to extend vertically from the stellar surface, then kink before joining a deep asymptotic solution. Outflow from the region crossed by an oblique shock is probably unsteady and may affect the surface ahead of the main shock. We comment on the implications for several notable explosions in which the non-spherical dynamics described in this paper are likely to play an important role. We also briefly consider relativistic and superluminal pattern speeds.