Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Students' Attitudes and Predispositions toward Physical Education in Greece

Problem statement: Although the study of students' attitudes toward physical education (PΕ) is of particular importance, there are only a few tools that study a variety of factors. Developing a tool that evaluates various factors helps to a better understanding of students' attitudes. Purposes: The purposes of this research were: (a) the development, and investigation of reliable and valid instruments that evaluate students’ attitudes and predispositions toward PE, the assessment in PE, and how attitudes related to factors ‘enjoyment’ and ‘effort,’ (b) the examination of the statistically significant differences in grade, age, gender, and teacher’s gender, (c) the analysis of the correlations between the factors of the questionnaires. Method: A total of 638 students (327 boys, 311 girls) participated from fifth, sixth, seventh and tenth grade. Attitudes towards Physical Education were measured through Phillips and Silverman (2012) questionnaire, while Predispositions towards Physical Education were assessed through Hilland, Stratton, Vinson, and Fairclough Physical Education Predisposition Scale (2009). Furthermore, a scale of 8 items was developed to assess Attitudes toward assessment in Physical Education. In addition, effort and enjoyment were measured. Results: All factors demonstrated acceptable internal consistency (α > .70) and confirmatory factor analysis confirmed structural validity of the scales. Α one-way analysis of variance and post hoc test revealed that attitudes toward PE and toward assessment in PE were significantly higher in fifth, sixth and seventh grade compared with tenth grade students. Strong positive correlation was revealed between cognitive and affective factor. A total of 58% of enjoyment, and 44% effort were explained by the independent variables. Conclusions: The high validity and reliability of these instruments along with the variety of factors investigated, provide a strong base to conduct future research on students’ attitudes.
Dementia in hereditary cerebral hemorrhage with amyloidosis‐Dutch type is associated with cerebral amyloid angiopathy but is independent of plaques and neurofibrillary tangles

Cerebral amyloid angiopathy is frequently found in demented and nondemented elderly persons, but its contribution to the causation of dementia is unknown. Therefore, we investigated the relation between the amount of cerebral amyloid angiopathy and the presence of dementia in 19 patients with hereditary cerebral hemorrhage with amyloidosis‐Dutch type. The advantage of studying hereditary cerebral hemorrhage in amyloidosis‐Dutch type is that patients with this disease consistently have severe cerebral amyloid angiopathy with minimal neurofibrillary pathology. The amount of cerebral amyloid angiopathy, as quantified by computerized morphometry, was strongly associated with the presence of dementia independent of neurofibrillary pathology, plaque density, or age. The number of cortical amyloid β‐laden severely stenotic vessels, vessel‐within‐vessel configurations, and cerebral amyloid angiopathy‐associated microvasculopathies was associated with the amount of cerebral amyloid angiopathy and dementia. A semiquantitative score, based on the number of amyloid β‐laden severely stenotic vessels, completely separated demented from nondemented patients. These results suggest that extensive (more than 15 amyloid β‐laden severely stenotic vessels in five frontal cortical sections) cerebral amyloid angiopathy alone is sufficient to cause dementia in hereditary cerebral hemorrhage with amyloidosis–Dutch type. This may have implications for clinicopathological correlations in Alzheimer's disease and other dementias with cerebral amyloid angiopathy.
Development of the External Genitalia and Their Sexual Dimorphic Regulation in Mice

The study of the external genitalia is divided into 2 developmental stages: the formation and growth of a bipotential genital tubercle (GT) and the sexual differentiation of the male and female GT. The sexually dimorphic processes, which occur during the second part of GT differentiation, are suggested to be governed by androgen signaling and more recently crosstalk with other signaling factors. The process of elucidating the regulatory mechanisms of hormone signaling towards other signaling networks in the GT is still in its early stages. Nevertheless, it is becoming a productive area of research. This review summarizes various studies on the development of the murine GT and the defining characteristics of a masculinized GT and presents the different signaling pathways possibly involved during masculinization.
Cost Attributable to Nosocomial Bacteremia. Analysis According to Microorganism and Antimicrobial Sensitivity in a University Hospital in Barcelona

Aim To calculate the incremental cost of nosocomial bacteremia caused by the most common organisms, classified by their antimicrobial susceptibility. Methods We selected patients who developed nosocomial bacteremia caused by Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae, or Pseudomonas aeruginosa. These microorganisms were analyzed because of their high prevalence and they frequently present multidrug resistance. A control group consisted of patients classified within the same all-patient refined-diagnosis related group without bacteremia. Our hospital has an established cost accounting system (full-costing) that uses activity-based criteria to analyze cost distribution. A logistic regression model was fitted to estimate the probability of developing bacteremia for each admission (propensity score) and was used for propensity score matching adjustment. Subsequently, the propensity score was included in an econometric model to adjust the incremental cost of patients who developed bacteremia, as well as differences in this cost, depending on whether the microorganism was multidrug-resistant or multidrug-sensitive. Results A total of 571 admissions with bacteremia matched the inclusion criteria and 82,022 were included in the control group. The mean cost was € 25,891 for admissions with bacteremia and € 6,750 for those without bacteremia. The mean incremental cost was estimated at € 15,151 (CI, € 11,570 to € 18,733). Multidrug-resistant P. aeruginosa bacteremia had the highest mean incremental cost, € 44,709 (CI, € 34,559 to € 54,859). Antimicrobial-susceptible E. coli nosocomial bacteremia had the lowest mean incremental cost, € 10,481 (CI, € 8,752 to € 12,210). Despite their lower cost, episodes of antimicrobial-susceptible E. coli nosocomial bacteremia had a major impact due to their high frequency. Conclusions Adjustment of hospital cost according to the organism causing bacteremia and antibiotic sensitivity could improve prevention strategies and allow their prioritization according to their overall impact and costs. Infection reduction is a strategy to reduce resistance.
Determination of the transfer function of inhomogeneous shielding materials and implementation in an analytical model

Characterization of signal processing systems is often done by identifying the system parameters of the transfer function. In this contribution, this characterizing method is used to identify system parameters of building materials. The shielding effectiveness of the building materials are results of a study and were measured previously. The system parameters are applied in an analytical model. A graphical user interface (GUI) has been programmed to ease the handling. That GUI allows the input of the electromagnetic properties and gets the shielding effectiveness as an output. In a first approach some electrically simple materials are taken into account and the resulting transfer functions show a proportional or a differential behavior.
[How accurate is the clinical diagnosis in skin tumors removed by the family physician, surgeon or dermatologist?].

OBJECTIVE Checking the agreement of clinical and histopathological diagnoses of skin tumours sent in by general practitioners, surgeons and dermatologists in connection with the desirability of general practitioners removing skin tumours. DESIGN Retrospective descriptive study. SETTING Diagnostic Centre SSDZ, Delft. MATERIAL AND METHOD The clinical diagnoses on application forms and the histopathological diagnosis of skin tumours sent in during the first half of 1993 were compared. A discrepancy was scored if these diagnoses differed considerably. The discrepancies between the diagnoses were classified according to the clinical and histopathological diagnoses: malignant, premalignant or benign conditions. RESULTS Discrepancies were present in 31% (specimens from general practitioners), 32% (surgical specimens) and 17% (specimens from dermatologists). The longer differential diagnoses list of the dermatologists flattered this difference. In 9 out of 381 discrepancies a malignant tumour was underrated, in 37 a benign tumor had clinically been regarded as malignant. Dermatologists contributed more malignant and premalignant tumours than the other two groups, more often operated radically (punch biopsies excluded), and made fewer mistakes when they regarded a lesion as benign, but regarded more lesions incorrectly as malignant. Selection of specimens sent in for histopathology may have played a role in this connection. CONCLUSION General practitioners and surgeons had about the same number of discrepancies between clinical and histopathological diagnoses. The benefit of histopathological examination of skin tumours was clearly demonstrated.
A contribution to the theory of inter-organizational management (Przyczynek do teorii zarzadzania miedzyorganizacyjnego)

The thesis of the article is that the inter-organizational management has developed spontaneously, by trial and error over hundreds of years of the mankind experience. Thus, above all, a historical analysis of the process of the inter-organizational management manifestation is crucial. Inter-organizational management leads to the formation of inter-organizational relations that may lead to the formation of inter-organizational relation networks. An important characteristic of inter-organizational networks is the interaction of a relatively large group of organizations (dozen or several dozen), including various types of organizations, as it is described by the ME Porter’s clusters.
Conformational Transitions as Determinants of Specificity for the DNA Methyltransferase EcoRI*

Changes in DNA bending and base flipping in a previously characterized specificity-enhanced M.EcoRI DNA adenine methyltransferase mutant suggest a close relationship between precatalytic conformational transitions and specificity (Allan, B. W., Garcia, R., Maegley, K., Mort, J., Wong, D., Lindstrom, W., Beechem, J. M., and Reich, N. O. (1999) J. Biol. Chem. 274, 19269–19275). The direct measurement of the kinetic rate constants for DNA bending, intercalation, and base flipping with cognate and noncognate substrates (GAATTT, GGATTC) of wild type M.EcoRI using fluorescence resonance energy transfer and 2-aminopurine fluorescence studies reveals that DNA bending precedes both intercalation and base flipping, and base flipping precedes intercalation. Destabilization of these intermediates provides a molecular basis for understanding how conformational transitions contribute to specificity. The 3500- and 23,000-fold decreases in sequence specificity for noncognate sites GAATTT and GGATTC are accounted for largely by an ∼2500-fold increase in the reverse rate constants for intercalation and base flipping, respectively. Thus, a predominant contribution to specificity is a partitioning of enzyme intermediates away from the Michaelis complex prior to catalysis. Our results provide a basis for understanding enzyme specificity and, in particular, sequence-specific DNA modification. Because many DNA methyltransferases and DNA repair enzymes induce similar DNA distortions, these results are likely to be broadly relevant.
ATMOSPHERIC NITROGEN FIXATION BY METHANE-OXIDIZING BACTERIA

Davis, J. B. (Socony Mobil Oil Co., Inc., Dallas, Tex.), V. F. Coty, and J. P. Stanley. Atmospheric nitrogen fixation by methane-oxidizing bacteria. J. Bacteriol. 88:468–472. 1964. —Methane-oxidizing bacteria capable of fixing atmospheric nitrogen were isolated from garden soil, pond mud, oil field soil, and soil exposed to natural gas, indicating a rather wide prevalence in nature. This may explain the high concentration of organic nitrogen commonly found in soils exposed to gas leakage from pipelines or natural-gas seeps. Added molybdenum was a requirement for growth in a nitrogen-free mineral salts medium. All nitrogen-fixing, methane-oxidizing bacteria isolated were gram-negative, nonsporeforming, usually motile rods. Colonies were light yellow, yellow, or white. The most common isolate, which formed light-yellow colonies, is referred to as Pseudomonas methanitrificans sp. n. , and is distinguished from Pseudomonas (Methanomonas) methanica by nitrogen-fixing ability and a preponderance of poly-β-hydroxybutyrate in the cellular lipid fraction.
Performance Analysis of Wireless Network Maximum Throughput Based on Network Coding

Network coding has shown the promise of significance throughput improvement. In this paper, we study the throughput of two-hop wireless network coding and explore how the maxi-mum throughput can be achieved under a random medium access scheme. In this paper, the problem of the performance of COPE type network coding under dual source coding architecture is solved. An Embedded Markov Chain Model for Coding Nodes is used for our research purpose. Our research shows that the maximum normalized throughput subject to fairness requirement is n/ n+2, where n is the number of transmitters and 2 is the number of dual source coding numbers of wireless network. What is more, the conclusions show that the actual factors that affect the coding performance include the channel access priority and link scheduling rules of the coding node, and the relationship between the channel access priority and network throughput is investigated. The maximum throughput of the wireless network under the dual coding architecture is proved by the simulation examples. This conclusion provides guidance for further designing routing / MAC based on network coding.
Regeneration of haploid plants after distant pollination of wheat via zygote rescue

Haploid wheat plants have been produced by a new method of zygote rescue carried out after distant pollination. Wheat stigmas were pollinated with maize pollen and subsequently the activated egg cells from the elongated ovaries were rescued for in vitro plant development in single cell culture. As the control, 2-week-old embryos were also dissected and then cultured. The efficiency of both techniques was comparable. Wheat was also pollinated with rice, and the further development of rescued zygotes into multicellular structures is reported here for the first time. Because the lack of a normal endosperm hampers embryo development even in the early stages, early zygote rescue (two days after distant pollination) may represent a more efficient way of producing double haploid (DH) plants in cultivars that are recalcitrant in androgenic cultures, after further optimization of in vitro culture of isolated single cells.
Parkinson's disease and exposure to agricultural work and pesticide chemicals

This population-based case-control study of 130 Calgary residents with neurologist-confirmed idiopathic Parkinson's disease (PD) and 260 randomly selected age- and sex-matched community controls attempted to determine whether agricultural work or the occupational use of pesticide chemicals is associated with an increased risk for PD. We obtained by personal interviews lifetime occupational histories, including chemical exposure data, and analyzed the data using conditional logistic regression for matched sets. In the univariate analysis, a history of field crop farming, grain farming, herbicide use, or insecticide use resulted in a significantly increased crude estimate of the PD risk, and the data suggested a dose-response relation between the PD risk and the cumulative lifetime exposure to field crop farming and to grain farming. However, in the multivariate analysis, which controlled for potential confounding or interaction between the exposure variables, previous occupational herbicide use was consistently the only significant predictor of PD risk. These results support the hypothesis that the occupational use of herbicides is associated with an increased risk for PD.
Effect of Tryptophan and Selected Analogues on Body Temperature of Endotoxin-poisoned Mice

The effect of endotoxin on the body temperature of mice was studied in animals housed without bedding at an environmental temperature of 15 C. Rectal temperatures were measured during the initial 3 to 5 hr of exposure. Doses of endotoxin ranging from 0.01 to 1 ld50, as determined for mice maintained at 25 C, produce a hypothermia in proportion to dose. Concurrent injection of tryptophan magnified this response in a dose-dependent manner. Cyproheptadine, an antiserotonin drug, antagonized both the hypothermia produced by serotonin alone, and the augmentation of hypothermia produced by tryptophan in endotoxin-poisoned mice. α-Methyltryptophan, an analogue of the amino acid that is known to induce tryptophan pyrrolase, also antagonized the increased hypothermia produced by tryptophan. These data support a previous suggestion that inhibition of tryptophan pyrrolase in endotoxin-poisoned mice has the effect of funneling injected tryptophan into the serotonin pathway.
Phase II Study of Irinotecan and Mitomycin C in 5-Fluorouracil-Pretreated Patients with Advanced Colorectal and Gastric Cancer

Abstract The aim of this phase II study was to investigate the tolerance and efficacy of a second-line irinotecan/ mitomycin C combination in patients with advanced gastric or colorectal cancer, pretreated with 5-fluorouracil. Forty patients who had received 5-fluorouracil-based chemotherapy for advanced disease or adjuvant 5-fluorouracil treatment were enrolled. Chemotherapy consisted of irinotecan 125 mg/m2 and mitomycin C 5 mg/m2, given every 2 weeks. Treatment was continued until progression or limiting toxicity occurred. Five partial responses (12.5%), 22 cases of stable disease (55%) and 13 of progression (32.5%) were registered, giving an overall response rate of 12.5% [95% confidence interval (CI), 4.2-26.8%] and an overall control of tumor growth in 67.5% (95% CI, 50.8-81.4%) of patients. Median progression-free survival was 5 months, median survival time 8 months, and 1-year probability of survival was 21.6%. Diarrhea and neutropenia affected 25% and 12.5% of patients respectively, with only 7.5% experiencing grade 3-4 toxicity. There were no chemotherapy-related deaths or hospitalizations. This combination regimen was shown to be moderately effective with substantially lower toxicity than irinotecan monotherapy in 5-fluorouracil-pretreated patients with advanced gastric or colorectal cancer. It may represent an attractive option in patients at high risk for developing specific irinotecan toxicity.
Factors Affecting the Retention of First-career and Second-career Science Teachers in Urban High Schools

The turnover of high school science teachers is an especially troubling problem in urban schools with economically disadvantaged students. Because high teacher turnover rates impede effective instruction, the persistence of teacher attrition is a serious concern. Using an online survey and interviews in a sequential mixed-methods approach, this study investigates the perceptions of high school science teachers regarding factors that contribute to their employment decisions. The study also compares first-career and second-career science teachers' perceptions of retention and attrition factors and identifies conditions that urban school leaders can establish to support the retention of their science teachers. A purposeful sample of 138 science teachers from urban area New England public high schools with 50% or more Free and Reduced Price Lunch-eligible students participated in the survey. Twelve survey respondents were subsequently interviewed. In accord with extant research, this study's results suggest that school leadership is essential to fostering teacher retention. The findings also reveal the importance of autonomy, professional community, and adequate resources to support science instruction. Although mentoring and induction programs receive low importance ratings in this study, career-changers view these programs as more important to their retention than do first-career science teachers. Secondcareer interviewees, in particular, voice the importance of being treated as professionals by school leaders. Future research may examine the characteristics of mentoring and induction programs that make them most responsive to the needs of first-career and second-career science teachers. Future studies may also investigate the aspects of school leadership and professional autonomy that are most effective in promoting science teacher retention.
Expression of mRNA and protein localization of epidermal growth factor and its receptor in goat ovaries

Summary To examine the possibility that epidermal growth factor (EGF) and its receptor (EGF-R) are expressed throughout folliculogenesis, we studied the presence and distribution of EGF and EGF-R in goat ovaries. Ovaries of goats were collected and either fixed in paraformaldehyde for immunohistochemical localization of proteins, or used for the isolation of follicles, luteal cells and ovarian surface epithelium to study mRNA expression for EGF and EGF-R, using the reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction. EGF protein and mRNA were found in primordial, primary and secondary follicles as well as in small and large antral follicles and in surface epithelium, but in corpora lutea only the protein could be detected. Antral follicles expressed EGF mRNA in oocyte, cumulus, mural granulosa and theca cells. For EGF-R, both protein and mRNA were present at all stages of follicular development and in all antral follicular compartments. EGF-R protein and mRNA were also found in corpora lutea and surface epithelium. It is concluded that EGF and its receptor are expressed in goat ovarian follicles at all stages of follicle development, in corpora lutea, and in ovarian surface epithelium.
Multiple classification algorithms for the BCI P300 speller diagram using ensemble of SVMs

Brain computer interface is one of the most recent and controversial field in Computer Science which emerged in order to help some handicapped people. This paper investigates different classification algorithms dealing with the BCI P300 speller diagram. The system used is composed of an ensemble of Support vector machines. Three different methods are used namely weighted ensemble of SVM, row & column based SVM ensemble and channel selection with optimized SVM's. Experimental results show that proposed methods obtain better results than published results of competition III dataset II.
Minimum-Error Splitting Algorithm for a Dual Layer LCD Display—Part I: Background and Theory

A dual layer high dynamic range liquid crystal display (LCD) can be built by stacking two panels one on top of the other. In this way, the dynamic range is theoretically squared and the bit depth is also increased. However, in order to minimize the parallax and reconstruction errors, dedicated splitting algorithms are needed to generate the two images which drive the panels. In this paper, we present an algorithm, based on variational techniques, which seeks the joint minimization of both errors. We propose a simplified visible difference metric that exploits some limitations of the human visual system and can be easily incorporated into an optimization algorithm. The image splitting task is formulated as a quadratic programming problem, which can be efficiently solved by means of appropriate numerical methods. Preliminary tests on medical images showed that the algorithm has good performances and appears robust with respect to the parameter adjustment.