Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Real-time hardware architectures for the bi-orthogonal wavelet transform

In this note we give a new architecture for the bi-orthogonal wavelet transform. The basis of our approach is a new convolver circuit that generates low and high pass values simultaneously in the forward transform, and combines low and high pass values in the inverse transform to produce even and odd data values. This is possible because of the symmetry of the bi-orthogonal wavelet coefficients and because the bi-orthogonal wavelet transform preserves the number of input data samples. The results are optimal in the sense of the number of multipliers used. The architecture given here is more efficient than lifting, for example in the case of the Daubechies 9-7 wavelet, lifting requires 6 multiplications per transformed (H, G) pair, while this method uses only 5. Note that the designs given here are fully pipelined and so are suitable for high-speed or low-power implementation.
Tolerance and multiobjective optimization in electromagnetic devices

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to develop a novel multi‐objective optimization algorithm which takes into account the uncertainty in design parameters by using a reduced resolution for their representation, thus implementing a simple form of robustness. Additionally, the number of function evaluations should be minimized.Design/methodology/approach – The proposed approach is based on an elitist evolutionary algorithm coupled with a reduction in the number of significant figures used to represent design parameters. In effect, this becomes a filter in the optimization process and allows the system to avoid extremely sharp optima within the search space. By reducing the resolution of the search and maintaining a full archive of previous solutions, the number of evaluations of the objective functions, each of which may require an expensive numerical solution, is reduced.Findings – The algorithm was tested both on an algebraic test function and on two TEAM Workshop Problems (22 and 25). The results dem.
Direct and Inverse Kinematics for Coordinated Motion Tasks of a Two-Manipulator System

A new formulation for direct kinematics of a system of two manipulators is presented. This allows a straightforward description of general coordinated motion tasks in terms of meaningful absolute and relative variables. An effective inverse kinematics algorithm is devised which exploits the above formulation where the task Jacobians are expressed in terms of the Jacobians of the single manipulators. The scheme is extended to handle the presence of redundant degrees of freedom in the system. Different types of grasp between the end effectors and a commonly held object are treated with minimum reformulation effort. Case studies are developed throughout the paper for system of two PUMA 560 manipulators which illustrate the capabilities of the scheme.
Approximate Conditional Unit Root Inference

Based on Cox and Reid (1987) adjustments of likelihood ratio (LR) tests for unit roots in higher‐order autoregressive models are proposed. While unit root inference does not fit directly into the framework of Cox and Reid, the ideas are applied in models with multi‐dimensional parameters of interest and only asymptotic orthogonality of parameters. The adjustments are very simple to apply in that they are of the degrees of freedom type. Detailed Monte Carlo experiments reveal that, for a wide range of admissible parameter values, adjusted LR statistics approximate the asymptotic percentiles of the unit root distributions at a much faster rate than unadjusted ones. In addition, the proposed adjustments are compared with simulated Bartlett type corrected LR tests. They behave equally well in a reasonable parameter region, while both fail on the boundary of the parameter region where an additional unit root is introduced.
On the prolongation of local holomorphic solutions of nonlinear partial differential equations

One of important problems in the theory of partial differential equations in the complex domain is the following: When can the holomorphic solutions of a partial differential equation defined in some domain be continued to a larger domain? For linear partial differential equations this question has been answered by several authors. (See $e.g$ . $[3]$ and the references quoted therein.) One of the main results regarding this question is a theorem of M. Zerner [5] which states that the solutions of a linear partial differential equation can be continued holomorphically over any non-characteristic hypersurfaces. In this paper we are concerned with holomorphic continuation of solutions of general nonlinear partial differential equations in the complex domain. Our
High-precision x-ray spectroscopy in few-electron ions

The experimental and spectrum analysis procedures that led to about 15 new, high-precision, relative x-ray line energy measurements are presented. The measured lines may be used as x-ray reference lines in the 2.4–3.1 keV range. Applications also include tests of the atomic theory, and in particular of quantum electrodynamics and of relativistic many-body theory calculations. The lines originate from 2- to 4-electron ions of sulfur (Z=16), chlorine (Z=17) and argon (Z=18). The precision reached for their energy ranges from a few parts per million (ppm) to about 50 ppm. This places the new measurements among the most precise performed in mid-Z highly charged ions (Z is the nuclear charge number). The elements of the experimental setup are described: the ion source (an electron cyclotron resonance ion trap), the spectrometer (a single, spherically bent crystal spectrometer), as well as the spectrum acquisition camera (low-noise, high-efficiency CCD). The spectrum analysis procedure, which is based on a full simulation of the spectrometer response function, is also presented.
Evaluation of stochastic-resonance-based detectors of weak harmonic signals in additive white Gaussian noise

A thorough evaluation of stochastic resonance in the framework of statistical detection theory is presented both as a nonlinear signal preprocessor and as a detector. The pertinent receiver operating characteristics are compared with those of the known statistically optimum detector using extensive Monte Carlo simulations. Parameter optimization and computational budget aspects are discussed. @S1063-651X~98! 08306-8#
Convex duality for stochastic singular control problems

We develop a general theory of convex duality for certain singular control problems, taking the abstract results by Kramkov and Schachermayer (1999) for optimal expected utility from nonnegative random variables to the level of optimal expected utility from increasing, adapted controls. The main contributions are the formulation of a suitable duality framework, the identification of the problem's dual functional as well as the full duality for the primal and dual value functions and their optimizers. The scope of our results is illustrated by an irreversible investment problem and the Hindy-Huang-Kreps utility maximization problem for incomplete financial markets.
Electrode design for negative dielectrophoresis

A simple and practical procedure is described for the design of electrodes that produce well defined non-uniform electric fields for the study and application of negative dielectrophoresis. Such electrode systems can be used to direct and assemble colloidal particles away from electrode edges, and this is demonstrated for the case of yeast cells.
Instabilities and resonances of actively and passively loaded antennas

A theory on the phenomena of resonances and instabilities of passively and actively loaded antennas is presented. The general conditions for resonances for loaded radiating and receiving antennas are given. The conditions and types of instabilities encountered by actively loaded radiating and receiving antennas are analyzed. The instability of a conventional receiving antenna is discussed.
NGC 6388: Chemical Composition of Its Eight Cool Giants

Eight cool giants in the unusual globular cluster NGC 6388 have been investigated in order to derive their elemental abundances. Effective temperatures from 3500 to 3850 K were derived using the method of line-depth ratios. Surface gravities were derived in two ways. Spectroscopic gravities, derived by the requirement that the abundance of iron be the same from Fe I and Fe II lines, were rather low, ranging from -0.3 to 0.0. Photometric gravities, derived from the assumed stellar mass of 0.7 M⊙ and the luminosity and Teff of the stars, fell between +0.25 and +0.70. Mean [Fe/H] values were -0.8 for spectroscopic gravities and -0.6 for photometric gravities. A test using spectra of the same resolution of the two coolest red giants in the globular cluster M4 obtained at the Apache Point Observatory were analyzed for comparison with the definitive analysis of Ivans et al. (1999). The very cool metal-poor red giant HD 232078 was also analyzed for comparison with the analysis of Gonzalez & Wallerstein (1998). Both comparisons showed that our methods yield the same abundance scale as previous works. We have compared the composition of stars in NGC 6388 with those of K giants with similar [Fe/H] in 47 Tuc and the Galactic bulge. The observed value of [O/Fe] is near zero, which is less than in 47 Tuc and bulge stars of similar metallicity. The α-elements behave similarly to oxygen and show only small excesses at about the same level as do the α-elements in the globular clusters associated with the Sgr system. It is unclear whether these differences are responsible for the unusual color-magnitude diagram of NGC 6388.
The Hubble Space Telescope quasar absorption line key project. 6: Properties of the metal-rich systems

We present an analysis of the properties of a sample of 18 metal-rich, low-redshift z(sub abs) much less than z(sub em) absorbers seen in low- and medium-resolution spectra obtained for the Quasar Absorption Line Key Project with the Hubble Space Telescope Faint Object Spectrograph (HST/FOS). For most of the C IV and Lyman-limit systems, observations in the optical wavelength range of the expected associated Mg II absorption are available. As at high redshift (z approximately 2), there are two subclasses of absorbers which are characterized by the presence or absence of MG II absorption. However, some low-redshift Mg II and Fe absorptions originate from regions optically thin to UV ionizing photons and thus, at low redshift, the low-ionization systems do not always trace high opacities, as is the case at high redshift. This implies that the mean ionization state of metal-rich, optically thin absorbing clouds falls with decreasing redshift, which is consistent with the hypothesis that the gas is photoionized by the metagalactic UV background radiation field. Two main constraints are derived from the analysis of the Lyman-limit sample, assuming photoionization models are valid. First, a low opacity to ionizing photons (tau(sub LL) approximately less than 1), as observed for several Mg II-Fe II systems at z approximately 0.5, sets limits on the ionization level of hydrogen, thus on the total hydrogen column density and the heavy element abundances, (Z/H) approximately -0.5 to -0.3. Second, the dimensions of individual Mg II clouds are smaller than at high redshift by a factor 3-10. At z approximately greater than 0.6, the O VI absorption doublet is detected in four of the five z(sub abs) much less than z(sub em) systems for which the O VI wavelength range has been observed, whereas the associated N V doublet is detected in only two cases. This suggests that the presence of a high-ionization O VI phase is a general property of z approximately 0.6-1 absorption systems, as is also probably the case at high redshift. These O VI absorbers can be ionized by the UV metagalactic field if their density is low, nH approximately less than 3 x 10(exp -4)/cc. The O VI phase would then be a homogeneous region of large extent, r approximately greater than 50 kpc. A detailed photoionization model of the z(sub abs) = 0.791 absorber toward PKS 2145+06 confirms the properties derived from the Mg II, C IV, O VI, and Lyman-limit samples. The galaxy causing this extensive metal-line absorption system has been identified, and its possible contribution to the UV ionizing flux does not substantially modify the value of the derived parameters. The heavy element abundances are about half the solar values. The O VI region has a density about 20 times lower than the Mg II clouds and a size of approximately 70 kpc. Alternatively, the high-ionization phase could be collisionally ionized and trace gas associated with a possible group of galaxies at the absorber redshift.
A percolation dynamic approach to the sol-gel transition

The sol-gel transition is studied introducing the bond fluctuation dynamics within the percolation model in order to investigate both static and dynamic properties. Computer simulations on a square lattice have shown that the static properties agree with the random percolation model and the self-diffusion coefficients vanish at the percolation threshold. From the self-diffusion coefficients the critical behaviour of the viscosity at the sol-gel transition is determined, giving an exponent .
The Interaction of the Precessing Vortex Core and Reverse Flow Zone in the Exhaust of a Swirl Burner

This paper describes recent work at Cardiff to gain further understanding of the fundamental processes occurring in swirl burners. The phenomenon of the precessing vortex core has been characterized via the use of a two-component laser anemometry system and the signal from a hot-wire anemometry probe for triggering purposes. This has allowed the rotating three-dimensional flow associated with the precessing vortex core to be characterized for the first time at different downstream sections. Regions of reversed mean tangential velocity have been identified while new insights into the basic structure of the reverse flow zone have been provided.
A Learning Method for Neural Networks Based on a Pseudoinverse Technique

A theoreticalformulation of afast learning method based on a pseudoinverse technique is presented. The efficiency and robustness of the method are verified with the help of an Exclusive OR problem and a dynamic system identification of a linear single degree of freedom mass-spring problem. It is observed that, compared with the conventional backpropagation method, the proposed method has a better convergence rate and a higher degree of learning accuracy with a lower equivalent learning coeffi­ cient. It is also found that unlike the steepest descent method, the learning capability of which is dependent on the value of the learning coefficient Tj, the proposed pseudoin­ verse based backpropagation algorithm is comparatively robust with respect to its equivalent variable learning coefficient. A combination of the pseudoinverse method and the steepest descent method is proposed for a faster, more accurate learning capability. © 1996 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Production of multiply charged ion beams from solid substances with the mVINIS ion source

The mVINIS ion source has enabled us to obtain multiply charged ion beams from gases as well as from solid materials. The solid substance ion beams were produced by using two techniques: (a) the evaporation of metals by using the inlet system based on a minioven and (b) the metal-ions-from-volatile-compounds method (MIVOC) by using the modified gas inlet system. Great efforts were made in the production of high current stable ion beams of solids with relatively high melting points (over 1000°C). The B3+ ion-beam current of over 300μA was one of the most intensive beams extracted until now. The obtained multiply charged ion-beam spectra of solid substances (B, Fe, and Zn) are presented as well as some of the corresponding experimental results achieved during the modification of polymers, carbon materials, and fullerenes.
Qnique Continuation for

Let u be a solution of the heat equation (1.1) {partial_derivative}u/{partial_derivative}t = {triangle}u + {sigma}{sup n}{sub i=l} b{sub i}(x,t) {center_dot} {partial_derivative}u/{partial_derivative}x{sub i} + c(x,t)u for x {epsilon} R{sup n} and t > 0. Let c and b = b{sub 1},b{sub 2},. ,b{sub n} be uniformly bounded functions, i.e., (1.2) sup{sub x{epsilon}R{sup n},t>0} {parallel}c(x,t){parallel} + {parallel}b(x,t){parallel} {le} M for some constant M > 0. We will show Theorem 1.1. Suppose that both u and {triangledown}u are uniformly bounded. If u vanishes of infinite order in space-time at any point in R{sup n} X (0,{infinity}), then u is identically zero.
Continuous Entropy Estimation with Different Unsupervised Discretization Methods

In this paper, we compare and analyze the performances of nine unsupervised discretization methods, i.e., equal width, equal frequency, k-means clustering discretization, ordinal, fixed frequency, non-disjoint, proportional, weight proportional, mean value and standard deviation discretizations in the framework of continues entropy estimation based on 15 probability density distributions, i.e., Beta, Cauchy, Central Chi-Squared, Exponential, F, Gamma, Laplace, Logistic, Lognormal, Normal, Rayleigh, Student's-t, Triangular, Uniform, and Weibull distributions.
Raman intensity enhancement in silicon-on-insulator substrates by laser deflection at atomic force microscopy tips and particles

It is shown that Raman intensities of bulk and film in silicon-on-insulator substrates strongly depend on the incident angle of the exciting laser. In a backscattering geometry with perpendicular laser incidence, deflection at particles or atomic force microscopy tips can thereby lead to a selective enhancement of the film signal, which can be misinterpreted as surface/tip enhanced Raman scattering. The authors report strong enhancement effects by scattering at dielectric particles on silicon-on-insulator and silicon substrates as well as smaller effects for deflection at tips. In evaluating field enhancements on such substrates, this must be considered.
ULM, a software for conservation and evolutionary biologists

Matrix models for population dynamics have recently been studied intensively and have many applications to theoretical and applied problems (conservation, management). The computer program ULM (Unified Life Models) collects a good part of the actual knowledge on the subject. It is a powerful tool to study the life cycle of species and meta-populations. In the general framework of discrete dynamical systems and symbolic computation, simple commands and convenient graphics are provided to assist the biologist. The main features of the program are shown through detailed examples: a simple model of a starling population life cycle is first presented leading to basic concepts (growth rates, stable age distribution, sensitivities); the same model is used to study competing strategies in a varying environment (extinction probabilities, stochastic sensitivities); a meta-population model with migrations is then presented; some results on migration strategies and evolutionary stable strategies are eventually proposed.
Unit Root Tests of Structural Break with GARCH-Error Process

This paper studies the effect of GARCH process on the robustness and reliabilities of unit roots test with structural breaks. It gives that, as the GARCH process approaches integratedness, the test statistic’ the proportion of rejections reported actually increases as the sample size increases. Consequently, we can see that the standard asymptotic theory is inapplicable in this case. The statistic , their actual test size on the whole is accordant to nominal size in unit root and no break as the volatility parameter is small, =0 or approach to 0. The statistic exists a serious over sizing of null hypothesis as integratedness in all structural break type. The statistic test power increases as the sample size increases, but test power do not increases as the sample size increase under AR parameter. Test power increases as integratedness increases, and decreases as volatility parameter increases.
Achieving the Reforms Vision: The Effectiveness of a Specialists-Led Elementary Science Program.

This report describes an evaluation project that aimed to assess the potential of two elementary science specialists, as compared to elementary classroom teachers, to realize the reforms vision for science instruction in elementary classrooms. Participant science specialist background, views of elementary science teaching, and planning and assessment practices were compared to those of regular elementary classroom teachers in the specialist district, as well as in a comparable district not employing specialists. Specialists' views and practices were better aligned with those envisioned by current national reform documents in science education. Despite the constraints imposed by the nature of a program evaluation, the present report provides evidence to suggest that students taught by the science specialists (a) were engaged in open-ended, inquiry-oriented, science-based activities of the kind often advocated, but mostly absent, in elementary school, and (b) demonstrated problem solving and higher order and critical thinking skills. This report is the first to provide empirical support for the advocated “effectiveness” of elementary science specialists in achieving the visions espoused by current reform efforts.
Real Fringes in the Sagnac and Michelson Interferometers

In describing the Michelson interferometer, it is usually stated that in order to observe fringes an extended source must be used. It has to be realized, however, that this requirement applies only to the formation of virtual fringes. Actually two distinct sets of fringes exist; virtual and real. Rarely, if ever, is attention brought to the existence of the latter type. The existence of the real fringes was first noted by the authors using the Sagnac interferometer, which is described in this paper. This little-known interferometer and the Michelson interferometer are both amplitude-splitting types. Real fringes were obtained for both a point source and an extended source while virtual fringes were, of course, only visible for an extended source. Similar sets of real fringes were also observed for the Michelson interferometer using either an extended or a point source. An analysis of the formulation of real fringes is presented.
Polarimetric radar target classification using support vector machines

This paper reports on the development of support vector machines for polarimetric radar target classification. Automatic classification of radar signatures of man-made objects has been shown to be improved noticeably by optimum selection of transmitting and receiving states of polarization. However, the optimum polarization states may be target-dependent. Thus the need for an optimum classifier to correctly label radar signatures associated with different targets when sensed at differing pairs of transmitting and receiving polarization states. To generate radar signatures of targets at various transmit-receive pairs of polarization angles from vertical and horizontal states, the technique of polarization synthesis was applied. Then statistical attributes from each radar signature were used for its representation. Finally, support vector machines, using a number of kernels such as linear functions, polynomials, Gaussian radial basis functions, exponential basis functions, linear splines, and basis spline functions, were developed and used on real fully polarimetric radar data. The results indicate that a small subset of polarization angles are sufficient for generating signatures needed for training a classifier for optimal separation of polarimetric-diverse signatures. Moreover, the classification performance in terms of receiver operating characteristic curves shows that Gaussian kernels outperform other kernels that we have used.