Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Seismic probing of the first dredge-up event through the eccentric red-giant and red-giant spectroscopic binary KIC 9163796. How different are red-giant stars with a mass ratio of 1.015?

Context. Binaries in double-lined spectroscopic systems (SB2) provide a homogeneous set of stars. Differences of parameters, such as age or initial conditions, which otherwise would have strong impact on the stellar evolution, can be neglected. The observed differences are determined by the difference in stellar mass between the two components. The mass ratio can be determined with much higher accuracy than the actual stellar mass. Aim. In this work, we aim to study the eccentric binary system KIC 9163796, whose two components are very close in mass and both are low-luminosity red-giant stars. Methods: We analysed four years of Kepler space photometry and we obtained high-resolution spectroscopy with the Hermes instrument. The orbital elements and the spectra of both components were determined using spectral disentangling methods. The effective temperatures, and metallicities were extracted from disentangled spectra of the two stars. Mass and radius of the primary were determined through asteroseismology. The surface rotation period of the primary is determined from the Kepler light curve. From representative theoretical models of the star, we derived the internal rotational gradient, while for a grid of models, the measured lithium abundance is compared with theoretical predictions. Results: From seismology the primary of KIC 9163796 is a star of 1.39 ± 0.06 M⊙, while the spectroscopic mass ratio between both components can be determined with much higher precision by spectral disentangling to be 1.015 ± 0.005. With such mass and a difference in effective temperature of 600 K from spectroscopy, the secondary and primary are, respectively, in the early and advanced stage of the first dredge-up event on the red-giant branch. The period of the primary's surface rotation resembles the orbital period within ten days. The radial rotational gradient between the surface and core in KIC 9163796 is found to be 6.9-1.0+2.0. This is a low value but not exceptional if compared to the sample of typical single field stars. The seismic average of the envelope's rotation agrees with the surface rotation rate. The lithium'abundance is in agreement with quasi rigidly rotating models. Conclusions: The agreement between the surface rotation with the seismic result indicates that the full convective envelope is rotating quasi-rigidly. The models of the lithium abundance are compatible with a rigid rotation in the radiative zone during the main sequence. Because of the many constraints offered by oscillating stars in binary systems, such objects are important test beds of stellar evolution.
Deep Learning-Based Ocular Disease Recognition

This study investigates the use of image classification methods to identify eye disorders using fundus images. Ocular disorders can significantly affect a person's quality of life, but frequent eye exams can help identify them early and prevent vision loss. Manual diagnosis, however, can take a while and is prone to mistakes made by humans. This study suggests utilising deep learning methods to automatically identify eye disorders from fundus photos. To classify several eye disorders, such as age-related macular degeneration, cataracts, and glaucoma, a convolutional neural network (CNN) model is created and trained using a sizable dataset of fundus images. The proposed CNN model achieves high accuracy in the classification of ocular diseases, demonstrating the potential of automated diagnosis for early detection and prevention of vision loss. The results of this research indicate that image classification techniques can significantly improve the accuracy and speed of ocular disease recognition, paving the way for improved ocular health management.
Saying something with nothing: Refusal, avoidance and resistance in participant non-response

The relational processes of dialogue in biographical storytelling extend beyond manifest tales. Untold stories of unlived experience are also composed with an audience in mind and performed as communicative acts. This paper considers how and why research participants in a Mass Observation Archive study declined to respond to a life-writing task. Drawing on the sociology of nothing, we argue that their patterns of non-response were motivated by subjective intent and constitute meaningful social action. Despite having little or nothing to say about the substantive content of the topic, these participants told us plenty about how they felt about the challenging methodological process. In their accounts, we identified three modes of disengagement: commissive refusal, omissive avoidance and ambivalent resistance. Respectively, these involved consciously dismissing the task with reference to morals and values; surface amenability masking an evasion of deeper engagement; and confused, uncertain vacillation between approach and retreat. We explore the intrapsychic and interpersonal relational dynamics at play in each of these narrative modes and consider the authorial power of saying ‘no’.
On the whereabouts of the local operations in physical realizations of quantum processes with indefinite causal order

It was recently found that it is theoretically possible for there to exist quantum processes in which the order of the operations performed by separate parties cannot be ascribed a definite causal order. Some of these processes have been claimed to have a physical realization in standard quantum mechanics via coherent control of the times of the operations. A prominent example is the quantum SWITCH, which was recently demonstrated experimentally. However, up until now, there has been no rigorous justification for the interpretation of such an experiment as a genuine realization of a process with indefinite causal order as opposed to a simulation of such a process. Where exactly are the local operations of the parties in such an experiment? On what spaces do they act given that their times are indefinite? Can we probe them directly rather than assume what they ought to be based on heuristic considerations? How can we reconcile the claim that these operations really take place, each once as required, with the fact that the structure of the presumed process implies that they cannot be part of any acyclic circuit? Here, I offer a precise answer to these questions: the input and output systems of the operations in such a process are generally nontrivial subsystems of Hilbert spaces that are tensor products of Hilbert spaces associated with different times---a fact that is directly experimentally verifiable. With respect to these time-delocalized subsystems, the structure of the process is that of a circuit with a cycle, which cannot be reduced to a probabilistic mixture of acyclic circuits. I further show that all bipartite processes that admit a certain type of isometric extension have a physical realization on such time-delocalized subsystems. These results unveil a novel structure within quantum mechanics, which may have important implications for physics and information processing.
Expression of VEGF-C in Breast Carcinoma and its Association with HER2/neu and Oestrogen/ Progesterone Receptors: A Cross-sectional Study

Introduction: Breast carcinoma is the most common malignant tumour and is the leading cause of carcinoma death in women. Assessing Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor-C (VEGF-C) is important because the expression of VEGF-C is one of the factors determining the aggressiveness of breast carcinoma. Aim: To evaluate the expression of VEGF-C in breast carcinoma and its association with HER2/neu and Oestrogen Receptors (ER)/Progesterone Receptors (PR). Materials and Methods: A cross-sectional observational study was carried out in Department of Pathology of a tertiary care center of Burdwan Medical College and Hospital, West Bengal from 1st January 2018 to 30th June 2019. Patients attending Outpatient Department (OPD) and were diagnosed clinically as having breast cancer, operated upon, and subsequently sent for Histopathological Examination (HPE) in Pathology. The samples which were positive for breast carcinoma by histopathology were further studied with Immunohistochemical (IHC) markers and the positivity of IHC expression was reported using standard procedure and scoring pattern. The assosciation of VEGF-C expression with respect to histological type, grade, and stage of cancer as well as the HER2/neu and ER/PR status was studied. Using the Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) version 18.0, Chi-square was applied for the significance of p-value and the significance level was considered at a p-value <0.05. Results: This study consisted of 44 cases of malignant breast lesions and of which 27 cases were associated with axillary lymph nodes. After IHC staining, 25 (56.82%) were VEGF-C positive and the rest 19 (43.18%) were VEGF-C negative. There was a significant association between VEGF-C and histologic grades of breast carcinoma. VEGF-C expression was significantly associated with lymph node metastasis and with HER2/neu. VEGF-C seems to be significantly associated with ER status of breast carcinoma and was not associated with the PR status of breast carcinoma. Conclusion: Assessment of VEGF-C is recommended because expression of VEGF-C is one of the factors determining the aggressiveness of breast carcinoma. If VEGF-C is positive in node- negative breast carcinoma, then it may help in targeted therapy of breast carcinoma before lymphatic metastasis develops.
Power and Sample Size for Fixed-Effects Inference in Reversible Linear Mixed Models

ABSTRACT Despite the popularity of the general linear mixed model for data analysis, power and sample size methods and software are not generally available for commonly used test statistics and reference distributions. Statisticians resort to simulations with homegrown and uncertified programs or rough approximations which are misaligned with the data analysis. For a wide range of designs with longitudinal and clustering features, we provide accurate power and sample size approximations for inference about fixed effects in the linear models we call reversible. We show that under widely applicable conditions, the general linear mixed-model Wald test has noncentral distributions equivalent to well-studied multivariate tests. In turn, exact and approximate power and sample size results for the multivariate Hotelling–Lawley test provide exact and approximate power and sample size results for the mixed-model Wald test. The calculations are easily computed with a free, open-source product that requires only a web browser to use. Commercial software can be used for a smaller range of reversible models. Simple approximations allow accounting for modest amounts of missing data. A real-world example illustrates the methods. Sample size results are presented for a multicenter study on pregnancy. The proposed study, an extension of a funded project, has clustering within clinic. Exchangeability among the participants allows averaging across them to remove the clustering structure. The resulting simplified design is a single-level longitudinal study. Multivariate methods for power provide an approximate sample size. All proofs and inputs for the example are in the supplementary materials (available online).
Delayed condensation and frost formation on superhydrophobic carbon soot coatings by controlling the presence of hydrophilic active sites

Condensation frosting is an undesired natural phenomenon that could be impeded efficiently using appropriate wettability and morphologically patterned surfaces. The icephobic properties of carbon soot and the fabrication scalability of its synthesis method are a good foundation for anti-frosting applications; however, the fundamentals of frost growth and spreading on sooted surfaces have not been examined yet. In this study, we investigate the anti-frosting performance of three groups of superhydrophobic soot coatings by means of 16 MHz quartz crystal microbalances (QCMs). The analysis of the real-time sensor signal of each soot coated QCM pattern shows that frost formation and its propagation velocity depend on the quantity of oxygen functionalities and structural defects in the material. In turn, the reduction of both parameters shifts the onset of frost growth to temperatures below −20 °C, whereas the interdroplet ice bridging is slowed by a factor of four. Moreover, high-resolution scanning electron micrographs of the samples imply delamination upon defrosting of the soot with spherical-like morphology via polar interactions driven mechanism. These results reveal an opportunity for control of frost incipiency on sooted surfaces by adjusting the synthesis conditions and depositing soot coatings with as low as possible content of hydrophilic active sites.
Asymptotic properties and approximation of Bayesian logspline density estimators for communication-free parallel methods

In this article we perform an asymptotic analysis of Bayesian parallel density estimators which are based on logspline density estimation presented in Stone and Koo (1986). The parallel estimator we introduce is in the spirit of the kernel density estimator presented by Neiswanger, Wang and Xing (2015). We provide a numerical procedure that produces the density estimator itself in place of the sampling algorithm. We derive an error bound for the mean integrated squared error for the full data posterior estimator and investigate the parameters that arise from the logspline density estimation and the numerical approximation procedure. Our investigation leads to the choice of parameters that result in the error bound scaling appropriately in relation to them.
Parasitic Capacitance Model for Stacked Gate-All-Around Nanosheet FETs

Gate-all-around (GAA) nanosheet field-effect transistors (NSFETs) are hailed as the most promising architecture for the incessant scaling of MOSFETs to the sub-5-nm technology node and beyond. Although the GAA structure and the ultra-thin channel lead to a significantly improved static performance owing to the enhanced electrostatic integrity and higher immunity against the short-channel effects, the vertical stacking and the inherent 3-D-geometry result in a large parasitic capacitance and may degrade the dynamic performance. Therefore, it becomes imperative to analyze the parasitic capacitance components in GAA NSFETs and provide design guidelines for optimizing the dynamic performance. To this end, in this work, we have formulated an analytical model for the total gate parasitic capacitance in GAA NSFETs, considering contributions from different parasitic capacitance components. Furthermore, we have also investigated the variation in parasitic capacitance components with the structural parameters for design optimization of GAA NSFETs from a dynamic performance perspective. The result of the developed model is in good agreement with TCAD simulation result indicating the efficacy of the analytical model.
Reconstruction of Compressively Sensed Images using Convex Tikhonov Sparse Dictionary Learning and Adaptive Spectral Filtering

Sparse representation using over-complete dictionaries have shown to produce good quality results in various image processing tasks. Dictionary learning algorithms have made it possible to engineer data adaptive dictionaries which have promising applications in image compression and image enhancement. The most common sparse dictionary learning algorithms use the techniques of matching pursuit and K-SVD iteratively for sparse coding and dictionary learning respectively. While this technique produces good results, it requires a large number of iterations to converge to an optimal solution. In this article, we use a closed form stabilized convex optimization technique for both sparse coding and dictionary learning. The approach results in providing the best possible dictionary and the sparsest representation resulting in minimum reconstruction error. Once the image is reconstructed from the compressively sensed samples, we use adaptive frequency and spatial filtering techniques to move towards exact image recovery. It is clearly seen from the results that the proposed algorithm provides much better reconstruction results than conventional sparse dictionary techniques for a fixed number of iterations. Depending inversely upon the number of details present in the image, the proposed algorithm reaches the optimal solution with a significantly lower number of iterations. Consequently, high PSNR and low MSE is obtained using the proposed algorithm for our compressive sensing framework.
The commercialisation of childhood? Materialism values of South African tweens

The development of the child consumer market has often been criticised as the commercialisation of childhood. Marketers have been accused of targeting children and grooming them for a lifetime of consumerism. The maelstrom of marketing activities aimed directly at children has led to their being more active than ever in the consumer culture space. An unfortunate consequence of this has been children becoming materialistic because of the commercial pressures of modern childhood. This study sought to determine whether South African tweens are materialistic. Existing studies on child materialism have largely excluded African children, hence the need for the current study. Data were collected through a survey of 192 schoolchildren, aged 10-14 (tween cohort), using an adapted short material values scale (MVS-c). The results of the study revealed that while South African tweens are active in consumer culture, they are largely not materialistic. This research furthers the academic inquiry into children as consumers and active participants within consumer culture. It also addresses the paucity of research on African children within the consumer culture space. The results of the study have implications for marketers with regard to responsible marketing to child consumers, as well as for researchers with regard to acknowledging African children as a non-negotiable part of the study of consumption. The study also provides recommendations for further research on child consumers.
Cluster Detection by Lifting with Application to Phylogenetics

In this thesis, we propose a new algorithm which automatically detects the number of clusters in a tree structure data set by denoising some generalized node values in the tree using lifting “one coefficient at a time” (LOCAAT) algorithm introduced by Jansen et al. (2001). Our algorithm can be applied to any multidimensional data set using compactness value as a node value or to phylogenetic data sets, DNA sequences, using either compactness value or dissimilarity score as a node value. Compactness value is defined as the average distance from the centroid of each possible cluster in the tree, and the dissimilarity score is the average number of loci, where at least one of them does not share the same nucleotide between sequences under the node of interest. For multidimensional data sets, we consider each node in the tree as a possible location of a cluster after denoising the tree by LOCAAT. Thus, for each possible cluster, we check how much departure we can allow from the centroid of the cluster to assign the objects under the node of interest as a cluster. Then if a node and all its child nodes are denoised less than or equal to the allowed amount of departure from the centroid of their clusters, a cluster is located at this node. We also propose another version of our algorithm based on non-decimated lifting (Knight & Nason, 2009) in which we generate a probability of being clustered for each node. If a node and all its child nodes have a probability of being clustered less than or equal to the probability of acceptance, θ∈[0; 1], a cluster is located at this node. We provide a comparison study between our algorithms and some available internal cluster validity indices (CVIs) in the literature using some artificial data sets and a real data set. In addition, we compare the performance of each method using some available external cluster validity scores. For phylogenetic data sets, we check the performance of our algorithms and other CVIs using both compactness value and dissimilarity score as a node value. To be able to compute compactness value for a phylogenetic tree, we need to find the position of each specie in Rp using multidimensional scaling (MDS), and then we can find which species share the similar features using our algorithm. If we use the dissimilarity score as a node value, we will cluster similar species together by finding how much difference we can allow between species. We check the performance of our algorithms using some artificial and a real data sets. In the final part of our thesis, we propose a visualization tool for cophylogenetic data sets. We only consider the associated two phylogenetic trees case, and we apply our algorithm to both host and parasite trees separately to provide a summary of these data sets. We check the performance of our algorithm using two well-known cophylogenetic data sets.
Comparison of gradient and nongradient algorithms in the structural optimization course

Gradient and nongradient optimization algorithms are currently available for structural design in structural optimization course. Despite the successful application of gradient algorithm in structural optimization, nongradient algorithm is also extensively adopted to solve the structural optimization problem. However, the efficiency of nongradient algorithm has caused a heated debate recently. To clarify this issue for the graduate students, sequential linear programming and genetic algorithm are, respectively, chosen as the representatives of gradient and nongradient algorithms to solve truss size optimization problem. Firstly, the size optimization formulations of truss structure for sequential linear programming and genetic algorithm are summarized, respectively. Secondly, an educational finite element software for truss structure is developed by using the object-oriented programming to create the software framework. This study aims to provide an open-source, extensible, and benchmarking software, which do assist the students to understand the structural optimization process in engineering education. Finally, two benchmarking examples are introduced to compare the efficiency and accuracy of sequential linear programming and genetic algorithm.
In-plane and out-of-plane structural response of spiral interconnects for highly stretchable electronics

Stretchable electronics are commonly used as a diverse class of interconnected architectures, which accommodate large strain during stretching. A systematic understanding of the underlying mechanism of these interconnects, i.e., stress/strain states is essential to optimize the spiral designs. Here, we demonstrate the in-depth structural response of the spiral-island system when subjected to in-plane and out-of-plane stretchings. We use numerical modeling to simulate the stresses and strains along the arm of the spiral when stretched at a prescribed displacement of 1000 μm. We show the strain contours for spirals connected in-series. Our results show that the additional spirals connected in-series share the prescribed displacement equally and thus lower the von Mises stresses and principal strains. We also compare the stress generated in arms for single spiral and triangular configurations, especially when we stretch out these configurations in-plane and out-of-plane. The evolved stress depends on the ang.