Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Design and Experiment of a Clamping-Drive Alternating Operation Piezoelectric Actuator

In recent years, piezoelectric actuators, represented by inertial and inchworm actuators, have been widely applied because of their high accuracy and excellent responsiveness. Despite the development of various piezoelectric actuators, there remain some flaws in this technology. The sticking point is that the piezoelectric actuators based on the friction driving principle are prone to unwanted backward motion when outputting stepping motion. It is thus urgent to explore solutions from the perspectives of principle and structure. In this paper, a clamping-drive alternating operation piezoelectric actuator is proposed, the two feet of which are driven by two piezoelectric stacks, respectively. Due to double-foot alternate drive guide movement, backward movement is prevented in theory. By adopting the double-layer stator structure, integrated processing and assembly are facilitated. Meanwhile, a double flexible hinge mechanism is installed in the stator to prevent the drive foot from being overturned due to ineffectiveness and premature wear. In addition, the stator is equipped with the corresponding preload mechanism and clamping device. After the cycle action mechanism of one cycle and four steps is expounded, a model is established in this study to further demonstrate the principle. With the prototype produced, a series of experiments are performed. In addition, the amplitude of actuation of the stator is tested through amplitude experiment. The performance of the stator is evaluated by conducting experiments in the alternating step and single step actuation modes. Finally, the test results are analyzed to conclude that the actuator operating in either of these two modes can meet the practical needs of macro and micro actuation.
Combination of ketamine and fentanyl (KetaFent) for safe insertion of ultrasound-guided central venous catheters in infants

Centrally inserted central catheters (CICCs) are placed by ultrasound guided puncture of the internal jugular or brachio-cephalic vein. It is crucial to achieve a good level of sedation and analgesia in order to keep the babies still thus reducing the risk of procedural failure. The aim of this study is to evaluate the efficacy of the combination of ketamine and fentanyl during the CICC placement procedure. We retrospectively collected data from 72 infants who underwent CICC insertion after sedation with KetaFent protocol. The primary outcome was to assess the success of the procedure defined as CICC placement. Secondary outcome was intubation during the procedure in non-ventilated infants (noninvasive ventilation or spontaneous respiration), need for repeat doses of study medications to complete the procedure, time to complete the procedure, the level of analgesia assessed using vital parameters. The procedure was completed in 100% of cases. There were no cases of hypotension during and at the end of the procedure. No intubation was performed on non-ventilated infants. The combination of ketamine and fentanyl for sedation and analgesia in infants requiring insertion of a CICC is 100% successful. It is associated with a low risk of side effect like apnea and intubation. Insertion of a central venous catheter is a painful procedure for infants. Adequate sedation is mandatory to keep the baby still thus reducing the risk of procedural failure.
Simultaneous nulling in sum and difference patterns by amplitude control

A method is discussed of suppressing jammers simultaneously in the sum and the difference patterns of a linear antenna array by either using complex weights or controlling the current amplitudes only, with special emphasis on the latter method. For a given array size, the total number of jammers that can be nulled is doubled if complex weights are used instead of real weights. However, the amplitude-only technique has many attractions. It is shown that because the resulting current amplitude distribution has a double symmetry, the number of attenuators required for simultaneous nulling can be as low as a quarter of the total number of elements in the array. This means a much faster computing speed as well as a considerable saving in hardware. The method also allows the main beam of the antenna to be scanned by using phase-shifters while nulls are placed in directions of known jammers in both the sum and difference patterns by using attenuators. As a result, the maximization of the signal-to-jammer ratio can be achieved with relative ease, because the stronger a jammer is, the easier it is to locate it and hence to suppress it.
H i SHELLS AND SUPERSHELLS IN THE I-GALFA H i 21 cm LINE SURVEY. I. FAST-EXPANDING H i SHELLS ASSOCIATED WITH SUPERNOVA REMNANTS

We search for fast-expanding H i shells associated with Galactic supernova remnants (SNRs) in the longitude range ℓ ≈ 32° to 77° using 21 cm line data from the Inner-Galaxy Arecibo L-band Feed Array (I-GALFA) H i survey. Among the 39 known Galactic SNRs in this region, we find such H i shells in 4 SNRs: W44, G54.4–0.3, W51C, and CTB 80. All four were previously identified in low-resolution surveys, and three of those (excluding G54.4–0.3) were previously studied with the Arecibo telescope. A remarkable new result, however, is the detection of H i emission at both very high positive and negative velocities in W44 from the receding and approaching parts of the H i expanding shell, respectively. This is the first detection of both sides of an expanding shell associated with an SNR in H i 21 cm emission. The high-resolution I-GALFA survey data also reveal a prominent expanding H i shell with high circular symmetry associated with G54.4–0.3. We explore the physical characteristics of four SNRs and discuss what differentiates them from other SNRs in the survey area. We conclude that these four SNRs are likely the remnants of core-collapse supernovae interacting with a relatively dense (≳ 1 cm−3) ambient medium, and we discuss the visibility of SNRs in the H i 21 cm line.
A novel digital control scheme for power management in a hybrid energy-source environment pertaining to electric vehicle applications

In electric vehicle, the utilization of various input power sources demand an appropriate integration. This integration inevitably questions the effectiveness of a suitable power management system. The integration of sources causes complexity in power conversion and programming errors while switching between the sources and brings difficulties in real-time implementation. This study presents a novel digital control scheme specific to the integration of solar, battery, and fuel cell to solve these issues and also explains the power management system in different controllers for electric vehicles. The proposed scheme checks the reference currents based on the power generated by the different sources needed to meet the instantaneous demand from the permanent magnet synchronous machine, which is widely used in electric vehicles. The methodology constitutes maximum power point tracking in solar panels at every second of the day, retaining constant voltage in the DC bus and managing the power flow from sources to the permanent magnet synchronous machine based on the power availability from different sources. The power flow to a control module dedicated to permanent magnet synchronous machine control is considered. The major contribution of the paper is the design and development of a power management system for an electric vehicle with a novel digital control scheme. Power management is achieved with the aid of a digital controller using real-time solar data for a periodically fluctuating load demand in MATLAB/Simulink and also in an experimental investigation, the results of which are discussed.
Rings all of whose finitely generated modules are injective.

Proof. For any ring R with identity, it is easy to see that a right ideal /of R is generated by an idempotent if and only if / is a direct summand of the right iϋ-module RR. If I is an injective right ideal of R, then / is a direct summand of RR, and therefore is generated by an idempotent. Thus if every cyclic right ί? -module is injective, each principal right ideal aR generated by a e R is generated by an idempotent, that is aR = eR for some e = β e R. Then there exist x,y e R such that e -= ax, and a = ey. It follows that ea = e(ey) = ey — a and a — ea — αxα. Thus R is a regular ring, and since RR is generated by the identity, RR is injective. Let MR denote a right module over a ring R. If P, N are submodules of M, let P ' 2 N signify that P is an essential extension of N. (See Eckmann and Schopf [2].) Then N is an essential submodule of P. For each xeM, let x = {r e R \ xr = 0}. The singular submodule Z(M) is defined by: Z{M) = {xeM\RR ^x}
Comparison of Global Optimization Methods for Insertion Maneuver into Earth-Moon L2 Quasi-Halo Orbit Considering Collision Avoidance

A spacecraft placed in an Earth-Moon L2 quasi-halo orbit can maintain constant communication between the Earth and the far side of the Moon. This quasi-halo orbit could be used to establish a lunar space station and serve as a gateway to explore the solar system. For a mission in an Earth-Moon L2 quasi-halo orbit, a spacecraft would have to be transferred from the Earth to the vicinity of the Earth-Moon L2 point, then inserted into the Earth-Moon L2 quasi-halo orbit. Unlike the near Earth case, this orbit is essentially very unstable due to mutually perturbing gravitational attractions by the Earth, the Moon and the Sun. In this paper, an insertion maneuver of a spacecraft into an Earth-Moon L2 quasi-halo orbit was investigated using the global optimization algorithm, including simulated annealing, genetic algorithm and pattern search method with collision avoidance taken into consideration. The result shows that the spacecraft can maintain its own position in the Earth-Moon L2 quasi-halo orbit and avoid collisions with threatening objects.
The relation between X-ray emission and rotation in late-type stars from the perspective of X-ray selection

An X-ray-selected sample of 128 late-type (F-M) stars was analyzed. These stars were identified as optical counterparts to serendipitous X-ray detections made by the Einstein Observatory Extended Medium Sensitivity Survey. Once identified as X-ray sources, the sample was followed up by an extensive program of optical observations, including high-resolution and low-resolution spectroscopy and photometry. Spectral types, luminosity classes, distances, X-ray luminosities, projected rotation rates (v sin i), radial velocities, and binary status have been determined for the sample. 41 refs.
The Roles of Glutamate Receptors and Their Antagonists in Status Epilepticus, Refractory Status Epilepticus, and Super-Refractory Status Epilepticus

Status epilepticus (SE) is a neurological emergency with a high mortality rate. When compared to chronic epilepsy, it is distinguished by the durability of seizures and frequent resistance to benzodiazepine (BZD). The Receptor Trafficking Hypothesis, which suggests that the downregulation of γ-Aminobutyric acid type A (GABAA) receptors, and upregulation of N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) and α-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazolepropionic acid (AMPA) receptors play major roles in the establishment of SE is the most widely accepted hypothesis underlying BZD resistance. NMDA and AMPA are ionotropic glutamate receptor families that have important excitatory roles in the central nervous system (CNS). They are both essential in maintaining the normal function of the brain and are involved in a variety of neuropsychiatric diseases, including epilepsy. Based on animal and human studies, antagonists of NMDA and AMPA receptors have a significant impact in ending SE; albeit most of them are not yet approved to be in clinically therapeutic guidelines, due to their psychomimetic adverse effects. Although there is still a dearth of randomized, prospective research, NMDA antagonists such as ketamine, magnesium sulfate, and the AMPA antagonist, perampanel, are regarded to be reasonable optional adjuvant therapies in controlling SE, refractory SE (RSE) or super-refractory SE (SRSE), though there are still a lack of randomized, prospective studies. This review seeks to summarize and update knowledge on the SE development hypothesis, as well as clinical trials using NMDA and AMPA antagonists in animal and human studies of SE investigations.
Normal ordering and generalised Stirling numbers

The relation between some normal ordering forms for boson operator functions and generalised Stirling numbers is shown. In particular, the ordering of the operator function ak(ar+N+s)n is obtained for positive integers k, r, n and an arbitrary integer s. This is a generalisation of the recent result of Katriel (ibid., vol.16, p.4171-3, 1983). Some other normal ordering formulae are presented. It was shown how to obtain antinormal forms from several normal expansions given here.
H-BIM and Artificial Intelligence: Classification of Architectural Heritage for Semi-Automatic Scan-to-BIM Reconstruction

We propose a semi-automatic Scan-to-BIM reconstruction approach, making the most of Artificial Intelligence (AI) techniques, for the classification of digital architectural heritage data. Nowadays, Heritage- or Historic-Building Information Modeling (H-BIM) reconstruction from laser scanning or photogrammetric surveys is a manual, time-consuming, overly subjective process, but the emergence of AI techniques, applied to the realm of existing architectural heritage, is offering new ways to interpret, process and elaborate raw digital surveying data, as point clouds. The proposed methodological approach for higher-level automation in Scan-to-BIM reconstruction is threaded as follows: (i) semantic segmentation via Random Forest and import of annotated data in 3D modeling environment, broken down class by class; (ii) reconstruction of template geometries of classes of architectural elements; (iii) propagation of template reconstructed geometries to all elements belonging to a typological class. Visual Programming Languages (VPLs) and reference to architectural treatises are leveraged for the Scan-to-BIM reconstruction. The approach is tested on several significant heritage sites in the Tuscan territory, including charterhouses and museums. The results suggest the replicability of the approach to other case studies, built in different periods, with different construction techniques or under different states of conservation.
Value Orientations, Personal Norms, and Public Attitude toward SDGs

Improving communication and engagement with the public is vital for implementing sustainable development goals (SDGs). Public attitude toward SDGs can influence this engagement, as people are more likely to accept SDG-relevant information and take actions that are consistent with their own attitudes. This study examines the determinants for individual attitudes in supporting SDGs and further explores the formation of public attitudes toward SDGs, i.e., how public attitude is shaped by the value orientations and norms of the individuals. Using an online survey (n = 3089), we uncovered several important findings: (1) individuals’ altruistic/biospheric value orientations are positively associated with pro-SDG attitudes; (2) personal norms mediate the relationship of individuals’ altruistic values and attitudes; (3) some demographic characteristics (i.e., age, gender, having children) moderate the relationship of people’s value orientations and attitudes; and (4) people’s biospheric values have heterogeneous effects on their pro-SDG attitudes based on education and income. Through these findings, this study enhanced the public’s general understanding of SDGs by providing a holistic analytical framework of public attitude formation on SDGs and uncovering the significant role of value orientations. We further identify the moderating effects of demographic characteristics and the mediating effects of personal norms in the relationship between individuals’ values and attitude on SDGs.
Gas flows within the Galaxy

Abstract In the recent years, more and more sophisticated models have been proposed for the gas distribution and kinematics in the Milky Way, taking into account the main bar, but also the possible nuclear bar, with the same or different pattern-speed. I review the success and problems encountered by the models, in particular in view of the new discovery of a symmetrical far-side counterpart of the 3 kpc arm. The inner part, dominated by the bar, and the outer parts, dominated by the spiral arms, can be observed from a virtual solar position, and the errors coming from kinematical distances are evaluated. The appearance of four arms could be due to a deprojection bias.
A Novel Stacked Ceramic-Monoblock Filter With Highly Flexible Transmission Zero Pair

In this letter, a novel five-pole monoblock dielectricresonator (MDR) bandpass filter with two transmission zeroes (TZs) based on the compact stacked configuration is proposed. The TZ pair is introduced with great flexibility and can be readily allocated at either or both sides of the passband with only a few filter dimension adjustments. The proposed filter has a simple fabrication process with tuning flexibility since there is no need to weld or assemble cavities. A 2.6-GHz filter with a symmetric TZ pair and 150-MHz bandwidth is fabricated. Measurement results show good agreement with simulated responses for validating the design theory.
Inductive role of the brown alga Sargassum polycystum on growth and biosynthesis of imperative metabolites and antioxidants of two crop plants

The potential of macroalgae as biostimulants in agriculture was proved worthy. Vicia faba and Helianthus annuus are socioeconomic crops owing to their increasing demand worldwide. In this work, we investigated the energetic role of seed presoaking and irrigation by the brown seaweed, Sargassum polycystum aqueous extract (SAE) on certain germination and growth traits, photosynthetic pigments, carbohydrates, phenolics, flavonoids, and the total antioxidant activity. Compared to the control plants, our consequences revealed that seeds that received the SAE improved all the germination and growth criteria for both crop plants. Furthermore, the SAE significantly increased the carotenoids, total photosynthetic pigments, and total carbohydrates by (14%, 7%, and 41%) for V. faba and (17%, 17%, and 38%) for H. annuus, respectively. Phenolics and flavonoids were significantly induced in Vicia but slightly promoted in Helianthu plants, whereas the total antioxidant activity in both crops non significantly elevated. Even though The NPK contents were significantly stimulated by the SAE in Vicia plants, the effect was different in Helianthus, where only nitrogen content was significantly enhanced, whereas phosphorus and potassium showed little enhancement. Thus, the SAE treatment is one of the superlative sustainable strategies for food, feed, and as excellent plant conditioner.
Quick identification of ABC trilayer graphene at nanoscale resolution via a near-field optical route

ABC-stacked trilayer graphene has exhibited a variety of correlated phenomena owing to its relatively flat bands and gate-tunable bandgap. However, convenient methods are still lacking for identifying ABC graphene with nanometer-scale resolution. Here we demonstrate that the scanning near-field optical microscope working in ambient conditions can provide quick recognition of ABC trilayer graphene with no ambiguity and excellent resolution (∼20 nm). The recognition is based on the difference in their near-field infrared (IR) responses between the ABA and ABC trilayers. We show that in most frequencies, the response of the ABC trilayer is weaker than the ABA trilayer. However, near the graphene phonon frequency (∼1585 cm−1), ABC’s response increases dramatically when gated and exhibits a narrow and sharp Fano-shape resonant line, whereas the ABA trilayer is largely featherless. Consequently, the IR contrast between ABC and ABA becomes reversed and can even be striking (ABC/ABA ∼ 3) near the graphene phonon frequency. The observed near-field IR features can serve as a golden rule to quickly distinguish ABA and ABC trilayers with no ambiguity, which could largely advance the exploration of correlation physics in ABC-stacked trilayer graphene.
On a new class of neural adaptive FIR filters

Basic aspects of a recently introduced class of neural networks for adaptive FIR filtering are analyzed. The main quantities characterizing the transient motion, such as setting time and errors of computation, are analytically evaluated. In addition, an interpretation is given of the adaptive neural filter computation in terms of both correlation functions and a continuous-time gradient-search technique applied on the least squares error surface. <<ETX>>
Detecting clustered chem/bio signals in noisy sensor feeds using adaptive fusion

Chemical and biological monitoring systems are faced with the challenge of detecting weak signals from contam- inants of interest while at the same time maintaining extremely low false alarm rates. We present methods to control the number of false alarms while maintaining power to detect; evaluating these methods on a fixed sensor grid. Contaminants are detected using signals produced from underlying sensor-specific detection algorithms. By learning from past data, an adaptive background model is constructed and used with a multi-hypothesis testing method to control the false alarm rate. Detection methods for chemical/biological releases often depend on specific models for release types and missed detection rates at the sensors. This can be problematic in field situations where environment specific effects can alter both a sensor's false alarm and missed detection characteristics. Using field data, the false alarm statistics of a given sensor can be learned and used for inference; however the missed detection statistics for a sensor are not observable while in the field. As a result, we pursue methods that do not rely on accurate estimates of a sensor's missed detection rate. This leads to the development of the Adaptive Regions Method that under certain assumptions is designed to conservatively control the expected rate of false alarms produced by a fusion system over time, while maintaining power to detect.
The limits and extensibility of optical patterned defect inspection

New techniques recently developed at the National Institute of Standards and Technology using bright-field optical tools are applied to signal-based defect analysis of features with dimensions well below the measurement wavelength. A key to this approach is engineering the illumination as a function of angle and analysis of the entire scattered field. In this paper we demonstrate advantages using this approach for die-to-die defect detection metrology. This methodology, scatterfield optical microscopy (SOM), is evaluated for defect inspection of several defect types defined by Sematech on the Defect Metrology Advisory Group (DMAG) intentional defect array (IDA) wafers. We also report the systematic evaluation of defect sensitivity as a function of illumination wavelength. Theoretical simulations are reported that were carried out using a fully three-dimensional finite difference time domain (FDTD) electromagnetic simulation package. Comprehensive modeling was completed investigating angle-resolved illumination to enhance the detection of several defect types from the IDA wafer designs. The defect types covered a variety of defects from the IDA designs. The simulations evaluate the SOM technique on defect sizes ranging from those currently measurable to those the industry considers difficult to measure. The simulations evaluated both the 65 nm IDA metal-1 M1 trench and the polysilicon stack and more recent 13 nm linewidth logic cells.