Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Reservoir parameters prediction based on spatially transferred long short-term memory network

Reservoir reconstruction, where parameter prediction plays a key role, constitutes an extremely important part in oil and gas reservoir exploration. With the mature development of artificial intelligence, parameter prediction methods are gradually shifting from previous petrophysical models to deep learning models, which bring about obvious improvements in terms of accuracy and efficiency. However, it is difficult to achieve large amount of data acquisition required for deep learning due to the cost of detection, technical difficulties, and the limitations of complex geological parameters. To address the data shortage problem, a transfer learning prediction model based on long short-term memory neural networks has been proposed, and the model structure has been determined by parameter search and optimization methods in this paper. The proposed approach transfers knowledge from historical data to enhance new well prediction by sharing some parameters in the neural network structure. Moreover, the practicality and effectiveness of this method was tested by comparison based on two block datasets. The results showed that this method could significantly improve the prediction accuracy of the reservoir parameters in the event of data shortage.
Physical Activity, Sleeping Problems, Weight, Feelings of Social Isolation, and Quality of Life of Older Adults After Coronavirus Infection: A Longitudinal Cohort Study

Background: There is debate as to whether a coronavirus infection (SARS-CoV-2) affects older adults’ physical activity, sleeping problems, weight, feelings of social isolation, and quality of life (QoL). We investigated differences in these outcomes between older adults with and without coronavirus infection over 180 days following infection. Methods: We included 6789 older adults (65+) from the Lifelines COVID-19 cohort study who provided data between April 2020 and June 2021. Older adults (65+) with and without coronavirus infection were matched on sex, age, education, living situation, body mass index, smoking status, vulnerable health, time of infection, and precoronavirus health outcome. Weighted linear mixed models, adjusted for strictness of governmental policy measures, were used to compare health outcomes after infection between groups. Results: In total, 309 participants were tested positive for coronavirus. Eight days after infection, older adults with a coronavirus infection engaged in less physical activity, had more sleeping problems, weighed less, felt more socially isolated, and had a lower QoL than those without an infection. Differences in weight, feelings of social isolation, and QoL were absent after 90 days. However, differences in physical activity were still present at 90 days following infection and sleeping problems were present at 180 days. Conclusion: Our findings found negative associations of coronavirus infection with all the examined outcomes, which for physical activity persisted for 90 days and sleeping problems for 180 days. Magnitudes of estimated effects on physical activity and sleeping problems remain uncertain.
Oriental pied hornbills (Anthracoceros albirostris) solve invisible displacement tasks in a test of Piagetian object permanence

Object permanence, the ability to mentally represent objects even when they are not directly accessible to the senses, is of vital importance for the survival of both human and non-human animals. The Oriental pied hornbill (Anthracoceros albirostris) is an Asian species of hornbill displaying remarkable adaptability in various environments, yet little is known about their cognitive abilities. Their breeding behaviour is unique, as the female hornbill seals herself inside a cavity before laying eggs and the male feeds her and their offspring without visual contact, strongly suggesting the presence of object permanence to some degree. In this study, six Oriental pied hornbills underwent testing for object permanence, including a series of seven standard Piagetian tasks involving visible and invisible displacements. The subjects consistently demonstrated spontaneous object permanence in all stages leading up to the invisible displacement stage. Half of the subjects achieved full stage 6 double invisible displacement Piagetian object permanence, while the other half reached stage 5 double visible displacement. Breeding behaviour and the duration of developmental stages are proposed as potential factors influencing object permanence ability in this species of hornbill.
Net community production at Ocean Station Papa observed with nitrate and oxygen sensors on profiling floats

Six profiling floats equipped with nitrate and oxygen sensors were deployed at Ocean Station P in the Gulf of Alaska. The resulting six calendar years and 10 float years of nitrate and oxygen data were used to determine an average annual cycle for net community production (NCP) in the top 35 m of the water column. NCP became positive in February as soon as the mixing activity in the surface layer began to weaken, but nearly 3 months before the traditionally defined mixed layer began to shoal from its winter time maximum. NCP displayed two maxima, one toward the end of May and another in August with a summertime minimum in June corresponding to the historical peak in mesozooplankton biomass. The average annual NCP was determined to be 1.5 ± 0.6 mol C m−2 yr−1 using nitrate and 1.5 ± 0.7 mol C m−2 yr−1 using oxygen. The results from oxygen data proved to be quite sensitive to the gas exchange model used as well as the accuracy of the oxygen measurement. Gas exchange models optimized for carbon dioxide flux generally ignore transport due to gas exchange through the injection of bubbles, and these models yield NCP values that are two to three time higher than the nitrate‐based estimates. If nitrate and oxygen NCP rates are assumed to be related by the Redfield model, we show that the oxygen gas exchange model can be optimized by tuning the exchange terms to reproduce the nitrate NCP annual cycle.
A study of aerosol properties based on observations of particulate matter from the U.S. Embassy in Beijing, China

The United States Embassy in Beijing, China publicly released a record of mass concentrations of particulate matter 2.5 µm and smaller in aerodynamic diameter (PM2.5), from April 2008 to the present, measured with a beta attenuation monitor (BAM). We compare these measurements with observations of particulate matter recorded at the Beijing Institute of Atmospheric Physics and observations of visibility recorded at the Beijing Capital International Airport (BCIA) to assess their value as a record of air quality in the greater Beijing metropolitan area. We find that the PM2.5 observations correlate well with the other observations of particulate matter (PM) over the period 1 January–1 February 2013 using a tapered element oscillating microbalance and an aerosol mass spectrometer (AMS), and they exhibit a clear inverse correlation with visibility measured at BCIA. Using inverse visibility as a proxy of radiation extinction, we determine a dry mass extinction efficiency and a dependence of radiation extinction on relative humidity, which is consistent with other studies of polluted urban environments. We deduce a strong degree of homogeneity of particulate pollution across the Beijing metropolitan region and conclude that the U.S. Embassy measurements are a reliable sample of this particulate pollution during periods of photochemical smog. The U.S. Embassy observations of PM2.5 appear to remain consistent throughout the available record and can serve as a useful dataset for studying future trends in particulate matter as China implements ambitious measures to improve air quality in the region.
Temporal Alterations in White Matter in An App Knock-In Mouse Model of Alzheimer’s Disease

Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is the most common form of dementia and results in neurodegeneration and cognitive impairment. White matter (WM) is affected in AD and has implications for neural circuitry and cognitive function. The trajectory of these changes across age, however, is still not well understood, especially at earlier stages in life. To address this, we used the AppNL-G-F/NL-G-F knock-in (APPKI) mouse model that harbors a single copy knock-in of the human amyloid precursor protein (APP) gene with three familial AD mutations. We performed in vivo diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) to study how the structural properties of the brain change across age in the context of AD. In late age APPKI mice, we observed reduced fractional anisotropy (FA), a proxy of WM integrity, in multiple brain regions, including the hippocampus, anterior commissure (AC), neocortex, and hypothalamus. At the cellular level, we observed greater numbers of oligodendrocytes in middle age (prior to observations in DTI) in both the AC, a major interhemispheric WM tract, and the hippocampus, which is involved in memory and heavily affected in AD, prior to observations in DTI. Proteomics analysis of the hippocampus also revealed altered expression of oligodendrocyte-related proteins with age and in APPKI mice. Together, these results help to improve our understanding of the development of AD pathology with age, and imply that middle age may be an important temporal window for potential therapeutic intervention.
Confirmed Case of Longstanding Respiratory Francisella tularensis holarctica Infection: Nebraska, 2022

Abstract A male patient with distant history of extensive rabbit contact and pulmonary nodules for 6 years developed empyema. Francisella tularensis holarctica was isolated from thoracentesis fluid. Retrospective immunohistochemical examination of a pulmonary nodule, biopsied 3 years prior, was immunoreactive for F. tularensis. These findings suggest the potential for chronic tularemia.
Carotid webs: a review of pathophysiology, diagnostic findings, and treatment options.

A carotid web (CaW) is an atypical form of fibromuscular dysplasia characterized by a fibrous, shelf-like intimal flap originating from the posterior wall of the internal carotid bulb projecting into the arterial lumen. CaWs disturb normal blood flow and create stasis between the intimal reflection and the carotid wall, thereby promoting thrombogenesis and increasing the risk of downstream embolic strokes. Observational data have suggested that CaWs are associated with strokes with otherwise unknown etiology, particularly in young patients without other stroke factors, and stroke recurrence rates of symptomatic CaWs have been reported to be as high as 20% over 2 years. Despite its clinical importance, there are currently no clear guidelines on the management of CaWs. In this narrative review, we discuss the epidemiology, pathogenesis, pathophysiology, diagnosis, and treatment options for this under-recognized entity.
The perspectives of people with dementia and their supporters on advance care planning: A qualitative study with the European Working Group of People with Dementia

Background: Advance care planning has been defined in an international consensus paper, supported by the European Association for Palliative Care. There are concerns that this definition may not apply to dementia. Moreover, it is not informed by input from people with dementia. Aim: To gather the perspective of the European Working Group of People with Dementia and their supporters on how advance care planning is defined and develop recommendations for changes to the definition. Design: An in-depth qualitative study was conducted, analysing online focus groups and interviews using thematic analysis. Setting/participants: We included 12 people with dementia and 9 supporters. Results: Participants suggested several changes to the current advance care planning definition: mentioning people with decreasing decisional capacity; better reflecting the role of family and/or trust-based relationships; reducing focus on end-of-life/medical decisions; strengthening focus on social aspects of care. Elements of the current definition that participants suggested keeping and highlighting include the framing of advance care planning as a continuous process, that is also optional; mention of communication next to documentation of decisions; and the importance of proxy decision makers. Based on this input, we developed three overarching and 16 specific recommendations for a modified definition of advance care planning that is inclusive of people with dementia. Conclusions: The perspectives of the European Working Group of People with Dementia and their supporters highlighted the need for a person-centred and dementia-inclusive advance care planning definition. We provide tangible recommendations for future adaptations of the definition that reflect these perspectives.
The serum small non‐coding RNA (SncRNA) landscape as a molecular biomarker of age associated muscle dysregulation and insulin resistance in older adults

Abstract Small noncoding RNAs (sncRNAs) are implicated in age‐associated pathologies, including sarcopenia and insulin resistance (IR). As potential circulating biomarkers, most studies have focussed on microRNAs (miRNAs), one class of sncRNA. This study characterized the wider circulating sncRNA transcriptome of older individuals and associations with sarcopenia and IR. sncRNA expression including miRNAs, transfer RNAs (tRNAs), tRNA‐associated fragments (tRFs), and piwi‐interacting RNAs (piRNAs) was measured in serum from 21 healthy and 21 sarcopenic Hertfordshire Sarcopenia Study extension women matched for age (mean 78.9 years) and HOMA2‐IR. Associations with age, sarcopenia and HOMA2‐IR were examined and predicted gene targets and biological pathways characterized. Of the total sncRNA among healthy controls, piRNAs were most abundant (85.3%), followed by tRNAs (4.1%), miRNAs (2.7%), and tRFs (0.5%). Age was associated (FDR < 0.05) with 2 miRNAs, 58 tRNAs, and 14 tRFs, with chromatin organization, WNT signaling, and response to stress enriched among gene targets. Sarcopenia was nominally associated (p < .05) with 12 tRNAs, 3 tRFs, and 6 piRNAs, with target genes linked to cell proliferation and differentiation such as Notch Receptor 1 (NOTCH1), DISC1 scaffold protein (DISC1), and GLI family zinc finger‐2 (GLI2). HOMA2‐IR was nominally associated (p<0.05) with 6 miRNAs, 9 tRNAs, 1 tRF, and 19 piRNAs, linked with lysine degradation, circadian rhythm, and fatty acid biosynthesis pathways. These findings identify changes in circulating sncRNA expression in human serum associated with chronological age, sarcopenia, and IR. These may have clinical utility as circulating biomarkers of ageing and age‐associated pathologies and provide novel targets for therapeutic intervention.
Two-Color Spatially Resolved Tuning of Polymer-Coated Metasurfaces

For the realization of truly reconfigurable metasurface technologies, dynamic spatial tuning of the metasurface resonance is required. Here we report the use of organic photoswitches as a means for the light-induced spatial tuning of metasurface resonances. Coating of a dielectric metasurface, hosting high-quality-factor resonances, with a spiropyran (SPA)-containing polymer enabled dynamic resonance tuning up to 4 times the resonance full-width at half-maximum with arbitrary spatial precision. A major benefit of employing photoswitches is the broad toolbox of chromophores available and the unique optical properties of each. In particular, SPA and azobenzene (AZO) photoswitches can both be switched with UV light but exhibit opposite refractive index changes. When applied to the metasurface, SPA induced a red shift in the metasurface resonance with a figure of merit of 97 RIU–1, while AZO caused a blue shift in the resonance with an even greater sensitivity of 100 RIU–1. Critically, SPA and AZO can be individually recovered with red and blue light, respectively. To exploit this advantage, we coated a dielectric metasurface with spatially offset SPA- and AZO-containing polymers to demonstrate wavelength-dependent, spatially resolved control over the metasurface resonance tuning.
Impact of Early Coherences on the Control of Ultrafast Photodissociation Reactions

By coherent control, the yield of photodissociation reactions can be maximized, starting in a suitable superposition of vibrational states. In ultrafast processes, the interfering pathways are born from the early vibrational coherences in the ground electronic potential. We interpret their effect from a purely classical picture, in which the correlation between the initial position and momentum helps to synchronize the vibrational dynamics at the Franck–Condon window when the pulse is at its maximum intensity. In the quantum domain, we show that this localization in time and space is mediated by dynamic squeezing of the wave packet.
mTORC1 controls murine postprandial hepatic glycogen synthesis via Ppp1r3b

In response to a meal, insulin drives hepatic glycogen synthesis to help regulate systemic glucose homeostasis. The mechanistic target of rapamycin complex 1 (mTORC1) is a well-established insulin target and contributes to the postprandial control of liver lipid metabolism, autophagy, and protein synthesis. However, its role in hepatic glucose metabolism is less understood. Here, we used metabolomics, isotope tracing, and mouse genetics to define a role for liver mTORC1 signaling in the control of postprandial glycolytic intermediates and glycogen deposition. We show that mTORC1 is required for glycogen synthase activity and glycogenesis. Mechanistically, hepatic mTORC1 activity promotes the feeding-dependent induction of Ppp1r3b, a gene encoding a phosphatase important for glycogen synthase activity whose polymorphisms are linked to human diabetes. Reexpression of Ppp1r3b in livers lacking mTORC1 signaling enhances glycogen synthase activity and restores postprandial glycogen content. mTORC1-dependent transcriptional control of Ppp1r3b is facilitated by FOXO1, a well characterized transcriptional regulator involved in the hepatic response to nutrient intake. Collectively, we identify a role for mTORC1 signaling in the transcriptional regulation of Ppp1r3b and the subsequent induction of postprandial hepatic glycogen synthesis.
Discovery of new thymol-3,4-disubstituted thiazole hybrids as dual COX-2/5-LOX inhibitors with in vivo proof

Abstract New thymol–3,4-disubstitutedthiazole hybrids were synthesised as dual COX-2/5-LOX inhibitors. Compounds 6b, 6d, 6e, and 6f displayed in vitro inhibitory activity against COX-2 (IC50= 0.037, 0.042, 0.046, and 0.039 µM) nearly equal to celecoxib (IC50= 0.045 µM). 6b, 6d, and 6f showed SI (379, 341, and 374, respectively) higher than that of celecoxib (327). 6a–l elicited in vitro 5-LOX inhibitory activity higher than quercetin. 6a–f, 6i–l, 7a, and 7c possessed in vivo inhibition of formalin induced paw edoema higher than celecoxib. 6a, 6b, 6f, 6h–l, and 7b showed gastrointestinal safety profile as celecoxib and diclofenac sodium in the population of fasted rats. Induced fit docking and molecular dynamics simulation predicted good fitting of 6b and 6f without changing the packing and globularity of the apo protein. In conclusion, 6b and 6f achieved the target goal as multitarget inhibitors of inflammation.
PopShift: A Thermodynamically Sound Approach to Estimate Binding Free Energies by Accounting for Ligand-Induced Population Shifts from a Ligand-Free Markov State Model

Obtaining accurate binding free energies from in silico screens has been a long-standing goal for the computational chemistry community. However, accuracy and computational cost are at odds with one another, limiting the utility of methods that perform this type of calculation. Many methods achieve massive scale by explicitly or implicitly assuming that the target protein adopts a single structure, or undergoes limited fluctuations around that structure, to minimize computational cost. Others simulate each protein–ligand complex of interest, accepting lower throughput in exchange for better predictions of binding affinities. Here, we present the PopShift framework for accounting for the ensemble of structures a protein adopts and their relative probabilities. Protein degrees of freedom are enumerated once, and then arbitrarily many molecules can be screened against this ensemble. Specifically, we use Markov state models (MSMs) as a compressed representation of a protein’s thermodynamic ensemble. We start with a ligand-free MSM and then calculate how addition of a ligand shifts the populations of each protein conformational state based on the strength of the interaction between that protein conformation and the ligand. In this work we use docking to estimate the affinity between a given protein structure and ligand, but any estimator of binding affinities could be used in the PopShift framework. We test PopShift on the classic benchmark pocket T4 Lysozyme L99A. We find that PopShift is more accurate than common strategies, such as docking to a single structure and traditional ensemble docking—producing results that compare favorably with alchemical binding free energy calculations in terms of RMSE but not correlation—and may have a more favorable computational cost profile in some applications. In addition to predicting binding free energies and ligand poses, PopShift also provides insight into how the probability of different protein structures is shifted upon addition of various concentrations of ligand, providing a platform for predicting affinities and allosteric effects of ligand binding. Therefore, we expect PopShift will be valuable for hit finding and for providing insight into phenomena like allostery.
Quinalizarin as a potential antifungal drug for the treatment of Candida albicans fungal infection in cancer patients

ABSTRACT This study aims to analyze the antifungal properties of quinalizarin, a plant-derived compound with proven anticancer effects. Quinalizarin exhibited antifungal activity against opportunistic pathogenic Candida species and Geotrichum capitatum. The treatment with this anthraquinone reduced hyphal growth, inhibited biofilm formation, and damaged mature Candida albicans biofilms. Real-time RT-PCR revealed that quinalizarin downregulated the expression of hyphae-related and biofilm-specific genes. The flow cytometry method used in the study showed that both apoptosis and necrosis were the physiological mechanisms of quinalizarin-induced C. albicans cell death, depending on the dose of the antifungal agent. A further study revealed an increase in the levels of intracellular reactive oxygen species and alterations in mitochondrial membrane potential after treatment with quinalizarin. Finally, quinalizarin was found to have low toxicity in a hemolytic test using human erythrocytes. In conclusion, we have identified quinalizarin as a potential antifungal compound. IMPORTANCE This article is a study to determine the antifungal activity of quinalizarin (1,2,5,8-tetrahydroxyanthraquinone). Quinalizarin has potential antitumor properties and is effective in different types of tumor cells. The aim of the present study was to prove that quinalizarin can be used simultaneously in the treatment of cancer and in the treatment of intercurrent fungal infections. Quinalizarin was identified as a novel antifungal compound with low toxicity. These results may contribute to the development of a new drug with dual activity in the treatment of cancer-associated candidiasis.
Study on Application of Rayleigh Wave in Over Coarse-grained Subgrade Detection

Based on additional mass method,the shear wave velocity of Rayleigh wave transmitted in over coarse-grained subgrade is inverted;then the dynamic elastic modulus of the over coarse-grained subgrade is obtained according to the relevance between the shear wave velocity and the strength of such subgrade,through which the construction quality thereof could be evaluated;then the elastic modulus measured by means of Rayleigh wave and the results by use of FWD and bearing plate methods are compared.The result shows that the construction quality of over coarse-grained subgrade evaluated with Rayleigh wave is feasible.