Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Learning From the Experiences of Older Adult Volunteers in Sport: A Serious Leisure Perspective

Abstract A sample of older adult volunteers (N = 20, 65 years and older) in community sport organizations was interviewed in order to understand their experiences with volunteering. An interdisciplinary framework of serious leisure, older adult volunteering, and older adult leisure was used to interpret the findings. Volunteering in this context was found to be consistent with serious leisure based on characteristics such as substantial involvement, strong identification with the activity, and the need to persevere. Older adults viewed their experience as extremely positive, enabling them to make a meaningful contribution and to receive several benefits of participation. The most frequently noted negative experience was interpersonal relations, yet overall, this was not enough to drive participants away from this activity. Implications for enhancing older adult volunteering are discussed and avenues for future research are provided.
Full-wave modal analysis of NRD guide T-Junction

A full-wave analysis is made for a nonradiative dielectric (NRD) guide T-junction. It is developed on the basis of a mode-matching scheme combined with a cascading procedure that allows formulating generalized admittance and generalized scattering matrices. Results obtained by this technique are compared with HFSS results and they are found to be in excellent agreement. Our calculations indicate a strong coupling that may take place between LSE and LSM modes among ports of the junction.
Determining the end-to-end throughput capacity in multi-hop networks: methodology and applications

In this paper, we present a methodology to analytically compute the throughput capacity, or the maximum end-to-end throughput of a given source and destination pair in a multi-hop wireless network. The end-to-end throughput capacity is computed by considering the interference due to neighboring nodes, as well as various modes of hidden node interference. Knowing the throughput capacity is important because it facilitates the design of routing policy, admission control for realtime traffic, as well as load control for wireless networks. We model location-dependent neighboring interference and we use a contention graph to represent these interference relationships. Based on the contention graph, we formulate the individual link capacity as a set of fixed point equations. The end-to-end throughput capacity can then be determined once these link capacities are obtained. To illustrate the utility of our proposed methodology, we present two important applications: (a) route optimization to determine the path with the maximum end-to-end throughput capacity and, (b) optimal offered load control for a given path so that the maximum end-to-end capacity can be achieved. Extensive simulations are carried out to verify and validate the proposed analytical methodology.
The Effects of Vision-Related Aspects on Noise Perception of Wind Turbines in Quiet Areas

Preserving the soundscape and geographic extension of quiet areas is a great challenge against the wide-spreading of environmental noise. The E.U. Environmental Noise Directive underlines the need to preserve quiet areas as a new aim for the management of noise in European countries. At the same time, due to their low population density, rural areas characterized by suitable wind are considered appropriate locations for installing wind farms. However, despite the fact that wind farms are represented as environmentally friendly projects, these plants are often viewed as visual and audible intruders, that spoil the landscape and generate noise. Even though the correlations are still unclear, it is obvious that visual impacts of wind farms could increase due to their size and coherence with respect to the rural/quiet environment. In this paper, by using the Immersive Virtual Reality technique, some visual and acoustical aspects of the impact of a wind farm on a sample of subjects were assessed and analyzed. The subjects were immersed in a virtual scenario that represented a situation of a typical rural outdoor scenario that they experienced at different distances from the wind turbines. The influence of the number and the colour of wind turbines on global, visual and auditory judgment were investigated. The main results showed that, regarding the number of wind turbines, the visual component has a weak effect on individual reactions, while the colour influences both visual and auditory individual reactions, although in a different way.
Heterogeneous way-size cache

Set-associative cache architectures are commonly used. These caches consist of a number of ways, each of the same size. We have observed that the different ways have very different utilization, which motivates the design of caches with heterogeneous way sizes. This can potentially result in higher performance for the same area, better capabilities to implement dynamically adaptive schemes, and more flexibility for choosing the size of the cache.This paper proposes a novel cache architecture, the Heterogeneous Way-Size cache (HWS cache), in which the different cache ways may have different sizes. HWS caches are shown to outperform conventional caches for L1 (data and instruction) and L2 caches. For instance, a HWS cache can achieve up to 20% dynamic and leakage energy savings with respect to its conventional cache counterpart, while the hit ratio is practically the same.We also present a Dynamically Adaptive version of the HWS cache (DAHWS cache). DAHWS caches are shown to be more adaptive than conventional architectures. Using state-of-the-art resizing schemes, we show that DAHWS caches achieve higher energy savings and lower miss rates than conventional caches when using the same resizing schemes, due to their higher flexibility. For a L1 instruction cache the active ratio is reduced 4% more (66% total reduction) than state-of-the-art techniques and the DAHWS cache hit ratio is higher. The active ratio is also reduced up to 55% and 41% for L1 data and L2 caches respectively.
YAHMD — Yet another heap memory debugger

This work makes two major contributions to architectural support for the debugging of memory related bugs. First, it proposes a novel framework for detecting memory related bugs, where the application can be selective, can be extended to kernel modules, and is based on the virtual memory simulation of the application in hand. Secondly, we have tried to formalize the code instrumentation given our framework. It has not been dealt in details in the earlier works. This will generate scopes for future research in this area and a better formalism can help to come up with a much more usable and robust tool for detecting memory related bugs.
Detect and optimize the energy consumption of mobile app through static analysis: an initial research

Although the market for smartphones is growing rapidly, their utility remains severely limited by the battery life. As such, much research effort has been made to understand the power consumption of the application running on mobile devices. However, dynamic profiling tools need to run on the customized android platform, making them not suitable for ordinary mobile app developers. To address this limitation, this paper proposed a light-weight approach to find possible I/O energy wasting code in Android apps through static program analysis technique. We also provide a case study to evaluate the effectiveness of our approach.
The importance of job characteristics to women’s fertility intentions and behavior in Russia

We assess whether a relationship between employment conditions and fertility exists in the low-fertility context of Russia. Using multiple data sources, we study both intentions and transitions to the first and second birth. Occupational characteristics appear more related to the timing of entering parenthood than to having a second birth. Differences by occupational branch were few, but we find evidence that family-friendly job characteristics influence first and second intentions and conceptions. Attitudes toward work and family roles do not mediate this relationship. Women who change occupational branches after entering parenthood are less likely to continue childbearing. Oxana SINYAVSKAYA, Researcher, Higher School of Economics, Moscow Maastricht Graduate School of Governance, Moscow, Russian Federation. E-mail: iisp.sinyavskaya@gmail.com . Sunnee BILLINGSLEY, Researcher, Stockholm University, USA. E-mail: sunnee.billingsley@sociology.su. se .
Ways of Seeing: The Scope and Limits of Visual Cognition

Introduction: What is human visual cognition PART I: THE PURPOSES OF VISION: PERCEIVING, THINKING AND ACTING 1. The representational theory of the visual mind PART II: EMPIRICAL EVIDENCE FOR THE DUALITY OF VISUAL PROCESSING 2. Multiple pathways in the primate visual system 3. Dissociations of visual functions by brain lesions in human patients 4. The varieties of normal human visual processing PART III: PERCEIVING OBJECTS AND GRASPING THEM 5. Visual perception 6. Visuomotor representations PART IV: THE PERCEPTION OF ACTION 7. Seeing humans act Epilogue: The two visual systems revisited
A note on the string spectrum at the Hagedorn temperature

We discuss semi-classical string configurations at finite temperature. We find that those soliton solution in the background describing type IIA strings disappear or become divergent when we approach the Hagedorn temperature in the strong coupling regime. These findings together with a semi-classical analysis for the Hawking radiation let us to think that Hawking radiation is mainly driven by the existence of highly excited states. As by side, we check that beside the thermodynamical instability the system is dynamical unstable before reaching the Hagedorn temperature.
The Morally Contaminating (and Motivating) Influence of Hate Groups in the U.S.

A growth in the number of hate groups that operate in the United States over the past decade counters many researchers‟ claims that overt prejudice and discrimination no longer have influence. In this thesis, we explore how people react with moral outrage and moral cleansing toward hate groups‟ moral transgressions of racial egalitarianism—a strong sacred value among those who desire group-based equality. Across two experiments, we find that people perceive hate groups as immoral social agents, and people express moral outrage against them. We also find that people who were morally contaminated by hate groups (i.e., by being led to believe that they share compatible ideological beliefs with hate groups) perceived more racism in their environments than people who are not morally contaminated by hate groups. We discuss implications for confronting prejudice, theoretical debates on moral licensing and moral cleansing, and engaging in progressive action to improve intergroup relations.
Prediction of flux density and open circuit voltage in large skewed synchronous machines

Numerical methods used in machine analysis can be very accurate, however, they can also be exceptionally time-consuming. A combined approach, when numerically obtained data are used in an analytical model, has been proposed as a solution to this problem. Unfortunately, test validation of air gap flux density models in large synchronous machines is difficult to obtain. In this work, based on the permeance model, an analytical technique has been developed to predict air gap magnetic flux density and open-circuit voltage in large synchronous machines with a skewed stator. Simulation results compare well with both rated characteristics and test measurement.
Discount and speed/execution tradeoffs in Markov Decision Process games

We study Markov Decision Process (MDP) games with the usual ±1 reinforcement signal. We consider the scenario in which the goal of the game, rather than just winning, is to maximize the number of wins in an allotted period of time (or maximize the expected reward in the same period). In the reinforcement learning literature, this type of tradeoff is often handled by tuning the discount parameter in order to encourage the learning algorithm to find policies that take fewer steps on average, at the cost of a lower probability of winning. We show that this approach is not guaranteed to solve the tradeoff problem optimally, and hence a different strategy is needed when tackling this type of problems.
Hypertensive retinopathy.

Dr. S. S. Hayreh, Department of Ophthalmology, University of Iowa, Hospitals and Clinics, Iowa City, IA 52242 (USA) Since Liebreich [1], in 1859, first described ‘albuminuric retinitis’ in malignant arterial hypertension, hypertensive fundus changes have been regarded as an important part of the syndrome of malignant arterial hypertension. These changes have been given different names. Volhard and Fahr [2], in 1914, called them ‘angiospastic retinopathy’, a term also advocated later on by Wagener and Keith [3]. Fishberg and Oppenheimer [4], in 1930, called it ‘hypertensive neuroretinopathy’, which was later abbreviated to ‘hypertensive retinopathy’. Wagener et al. [5], in 1947, suggested that different terminologies should be used for various types of hypertensive retinopathy, and these included retinopathy of: acute hypertension/chronic hypertension/terminal malignant hypertension. Finally, ‘hypertensive retinopathy’ came to be regarded as a universal term for all the fundus changes seen in any type of arterial hypertension. However, our studies [6–11] revealed that from the pathogenetic point of view, the various fundus lesions in malignant arterial hypertension consist of three distinct categories; (1) hypertensive retinopathy, (2) hypertensive choroidopathy, and (3) hypertensive optic neuropathy. Thus, optic disk edema, which was regarded as a very important sign of hypertensive retinopathy, in fact represents hypertensive optic neuropathy and is not a part of hypertensive retinopathy [10]. Similarly, the various retinal pigment epithelial lesions (e.g., the so-called Elschnig’s spots), serous retinal detachment and some instances of macular edema represent manifestations of hypertensive choroidopathy [11]. A colossal amount of literature has accumulated on hypertensive retinopathy since its first description in 1859 [1]. In 1871, Allbutt [12] gave an admirable description of it and reviewed the already impressive collection of literature on the ophthalmoscopic and histopath-ologic findings of almost all the lesions seen in this condition. It is beyond the scope of this introduction to present even a bird’s-eye view of the literature. Suffice it to say that, in spite of innumerable publications, hypertensive retinopathy is still the focus of many controversies. Our ability to produce experimentally malignant hypertension and hypertensive retinopathy in primates [8], the advent of fluo-rescein fundus angiography and its application in hypertensive retinopathy [13– 19], and other modern investigative techniques have helped greatly to improve our understanding of this condition. In the papers published in this issue 174 Hayreh
Complex systems model of fatigue: integrative homoeostatic control of peripheral physiological systems during exercise in humans

Fatigue is hypothesised as being the result of the complex interaction of multiple peripheral physiological systems and the brain. In this new model, all changes in peripheral physiological systems such as substrate depletion or metabolite accumulation act as afferent signallers which modulate control processes in the brain in a dynamic, non-linear, integrative manner.
Research on the Behavior Evaluation for Social Responsibility of FoodCorporation in China Based on Consumer Response

This paper introduces the general situation of food security and social responsibility of the enterprise, based on the analysis of Chinese food safety problems. Our country Food Enterprise society responsibility is very difficult. Based on the consumer response theory, we point out that the problem is mainly caused by the enterprise internal and external two aspects. The enterprise internal reason mainly concentrated in three levels: the food business operator's moral level of loss and economic benefits and the enterprise bear ability is not driven. External factor are all five level of the short- comings: the lack of government's regulation and our information disclosure system is incomplete, food safety standard system and complete legal system is imperfect, social responsibility standard system is not complete. In order to improve the corporate social responsibility based on Food Safety, this paper puts forward some suggestions to strengthen our cor- porate social responsibility consciousness and safeguard Chinese basic food security. We can improve the enterprise in- ternal construction to strengthen the enterprise responsibility consciousness and enhance the enterprise the management ability, and strengthen the small and medium-sized enterprise training improvement liability to force.
NERVE INJURIES INCIDENT TO ANESTHESIA AND OPERATION

very patient who undergoes anesthesia is exE posed to the possible danger, small rhough it may be, of sustaining a peripheral nerve injury. The anesthesiologist must be interested in such nerve injuries as almost always they are preventable. Care and common sense in placing patients in position on the operating table will do much to prevent stretching or prolonged pressure on peripheral nerves. Caution in the application of restraining straps, adhesive tape, wristlets and shoulder braces plus the use of properly designed and padded head rests will forestall most of the injuries that have occurred to peripheral nerves, plexuses, arteries and veins.
Effect of 8‐Bromo‐Cyclic Guanosine Monophosphate on Intracellular pH and Calcium in Vascular Smooth Muscle

Endothelium-dependent vasodilators, nitrates, and atrial natriuretic factor relax blood vessels by increasing vascular cyclic guanosine monophosphate (cGMP). The mechanisms by which cGMP relaxes vascular smooth muscle (VSM) are not known. Since contraction of VSM is associated with increased intracellular calcium and pH, we hypothesized that cGMP may decrease vascular tone by lowering ionized, intracellular calcium ([Ca2+]i) and pH. We used microfluorometry to measure cGMP-induced changes in intracellular calcium and pH of cultured A7r5 VSM cells after stimulation with contractile agonists. A cGMP analogue, 8-Br-cGMP, blocked vasopressin- but not thrombin-stimulated increases in [Ca2+]i. High extracellular potassium concentrations ([K+]) increased [Ca2+]i, but the attenuation of [Ca2+]i by 8-Br-cGMP was not statistically significant. 8-Br-cGMP also attenuated vasopressin- but not thrombin-stimulated alkalinization of VSM cells. cGMP may decrease vascular tone by decreasing [Ca2+]i and pH, but these changes are dependent on the contractile agonist studied.
A computational study on the effective properties of heterogeneous random media containing particulate inclusions

The effective elastic modulus and conductivity of a two-phase material system are investigated computationally using a Monte Carlo scheme. The models contain circular, spherical or ellipsoidal inclusions that are either uniformly or randomly embedded in the matrix material. The computed results are compared with the applicable effective medium theories. It is found that the random distribution, geometric permeability and particle aspect ratio have non-negligible effects on the effective material properties. For spherical inclusions, the effective medium approximations agree well with the simulation results in general, but the analytical predictions on void or non-spherical inclusions are much less reliable. It is found that the results for overlapping and non-overlapping inclusions do not differ very much at the same volume fraction. The effect of particle morphology is also investigated by modelling prolate and oblate ellipsoidal inclusions.
Uncertainty and performance of adaptive controllers for functionally uncertain output feedback systems

We consider nonlinear systems in an output feedback form which are functionally known up to a L/sup 2/ measure of uncertainty. The control task is to drive the output of the system to some neighbourhood of the origin. A modified L/sup 2/ measure of transient performance (penalising both state and control effort) is given, and the performance of a class of model based adaptive controllers is studied. An upper performance bound is derived.
Spatiotemporal Control of Doxorubicin Delivery from “Stealth-Like” Prodrug Micelles

In the treatment of cancer, targeting of anticancer drugs to the tumor microenvironment is highly desirable. Not only does this imply accurate tumor targeting but also minimal drug release en route to the tumor and maximal drug release once there. Here we describe high-loading, “stealth-like” doxorubicin micelles as a pro-drug delivery system, which upon light activation, leads to burst-like doxorbicin release. Through this approach, we show precise spatiotemporal control of doxorubicin delivery to cells in vitro.
Identification of Coevolving Residues and Coevolution Potentials Emphasizing Structure, Bond Formation and Catalytic Coordination in Protein Evolution

The structure and function of a protein is dependent on coordinated interactions between its residues. The selective pressures associated with a mutation at one site should therefore depend on the amino acid identity of interacting sites. Mutual information has previously been applied to multiple sequence alignments as a means of detecting coevolutionary interactions. Here, we introduce a refinement of the mutual information method that: 1) removes a significant, non-coevolutionary bias and 2) accounts for heteroscedasticity. Using a large, non-overlapping database of protein alignments, we demonstrate that predicted coevolving residue-pairs tend to lie in close physical proximity. We introduce coevolution potentials as a novel measure of the propensity for the 20 amino acids to pair amongst predicted coevolutionary interactions. Ionic, hydrogen, and disulfide bond-forming pairs exhibited the highest potentials. Finally, we demonstrate that pairs of catalytic residues have a significantly increased likelihood to be identified as coevolving. These correlations to distinct protein features verify the accuracy of our algorithm and are consistent with a model of coevolution in which selective pressures towards preserving residue interactions act to shape the mutational landscape of a protein by restricting the set of admissible neutral mutations.
Developing parallel programs: A design-oriented perspective

The behavioral correctness of parallel programs has a pivotal role in computational sciences and engineering applications as researchers draw scientific conclusions from the results generated by parallel applications. Moreover, with the advent of multicore processors, the development of parallel programs should be facilitated for the mainstream developers. While numerous programming models and APIs exist for parallel programming, we pose the view that more emphasis should be placed on designing the synchronization mechanisms of parallel programs independent from the design of their functional behaviors. More importantly, programs behaviors evolve (due to new requirements and change of configuration), thereby creating a need for techniques and tools that enable developers to reason about the behavioral evolution of parallel programs. With such motivations, we introduce a framework for automated design/evolution of the synchronization mechanisms of parallel programs.