Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Near-optimal hardness results and approximation algorithms for edge-disjoint paths and related problems

We study the approximability of edge-disjoint paths and related problems. In the edge-disjoint paths (EDP) problem, we are given a network G with source-sink pairs (si, ti), 1 ≤i≤k, and the goal is to find a largest subset of source-sink pairs that can be simultaneously connected in an edge-disjoint manner. We show that in directed networks, for any e>0, EDP is NP-hard to approximate within m1/2-e. We also design simple approximation algorithms that achieve essentially matching approximation guarantees for some generalizations of EDP. Another related class of routing problems that we study concerns EDP with the additional constraint that the routing paths be of bounded length. We show that, for any e > 0, bounded length EDP is hard to approximate within m1/2-e even in undirected networks, and give an O(√m)-approximation algorithm for it. For directed networks, we show that even the single source-sink pair case (i.e. find the maximum number of paths of bounded length between a given source-sink pair) is hard to approximate within m1/2-e, for any e > 0.
Performance Analysis of Continuous Cell-DEVS models

The Cell-DEVS formalism allows describing complex cellular models. When using very large models with continuous variables, the execution performance degrades. We experienced with different quantization techniques to reduce the number of messages generated by the simulator. We present two different strat egies for the automatic update of the quantum sizes in different cells, and we discuss the use of quantized DEVS with hysteresis applied to cellular models. We obtained important reductions in the error involved, while maintaining the high performance of quantized DEVS models.
Screening for Subtelomeric Rearrangements in Thai Patients with Intellectual Disabilities Using FISH and Review of Literature on Subtelomeric FISH in 15,591 Cases with Intellectual Disabilities

We utilized fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) to screen for subtelomeric rearrangements in 82 Thai patients with unexplained intellectual disability (ID) and detected subtelomeric rearrangements in 5 patients. Here, we reported on a patient with der(20)t(X;20)(p22.3;q13.3) and a patient with der(3)t(X;3)(p22.3;p26.3). These rearrangements have never been described elsewhere. We also reported on a patient with der(10)t(7;10)(p22.3;q26.3), of which the same rearrangement had been reported in one literature. Well-recognized syndromes were detected in two separated patients, including 4p deletion syndrome and 1p36 deletion syndrome. All patients with subtelomeric rearrangements had both ID and multiple congenital anomalies (MCA) and/or dysmorphic features (DF), except the one with der(20)t(X;20), who had ID alone. By using FISH, the detection rate of subtelomeric rearrangements in patients with both ID and MCA/DF was 8.5%, compared to 2.9% of patients with only ID. Literature review found 28 studies on the detection of subtelomeric rearrangements by FISH in patients with ID. Combining data from these studies and our study, 15,591 patients were examined and 473 patients with subtelomeric rearrangements were determined. The frequency of subtelomeric rearrangements detected by FISH in patients with ID was 3%. Terminal deletions were found in 47.7%, while unbalanced derivative chromosomes were found in 47.9% of the rearrangements.
MoO3 Thickness, Thermal Annealing and Solvent Annealing Effects on Inverted and Direct Polymer Photovoltaic Solar Cells

Several parameters of the fabrication process of inverted polymer bulk heterojunction solar cells based on titanium oxide as an electron selective layer and molybdenum oxide as a hole selective layer were tested in order to achieve efficient organic photovoltaic solar cells. Thermal annealing treatment is a common process to achieve optimum morphology, but it proved to be damageable for the performance of this kind of inverted solar cells. We demonstrate using Auger analysis combined with argon etching that diffusion of species occurs from the MoO3/Ag top layers into the active layer upon thermal annealing. In order to achieve efficient devices, the morphology of the bulk heterojunction was then manipulated using the solvent annealing technique as an alternative to thermal annealing. The influence of the MoO3 thickness was studied on inverted, as well as direct, structure. It appeared that only 1 nm-thick MoO3 is enough to exhibit highly efficient devices (PCE = 3.8%) and that increasing the thickness up to 15 nm does not change the device performance.
Navigation in Electronic Worlds : Research Review for Depth Oral Exam

Navigation is a fundamental human activity. It occurs in a wide range of activities and contexts, and it has accordingly been studied by a range of disciplines. In the social sciences, anthropologists have studied the tools and techniques of different cultures, including Western ones. Psychologists have studied the cognitive structures and processes involved in human navigation. In the field of urban design, architects and urban planners have studied the relationship between the built environment and navigational activities, particularly with an eye to improving both. In the applied and information sciences, humancomputer interaction (HCI) and related researchers continue to investigate human information-seeking in large-scale information environments. Such environments tend to be either document-based hypermedia such as the World-Wide Web (WWW or Web) or continuous, spatial worlds such as virtual reality (VR). Both approaches are widespread in industrial applications and academic research.
Different Resting-State Functional Connectivity Alterations in Smokers and Nonsmokers with Internet Gaming Addiction

This study investigated changes in resting-state functional connectivity (rsFC) of posterior cingulate cortex (PCC) in smokers and nonsmokers with Internet gaming addiction (IGA). Twenty-nine smokers with IGA, 22 nonsmokers with IGA, and 30 healthy controls (HC group) underwent a resting-state fMRI scan. PCC connectivity was determined in all subjects by investigating synchronized low-frequency fMRI signal fluctuations using a temporal correlation method. Compared with the nonsmokers with IGA, the smokers with IGA exhibited decreased rsFC with PCC in the right rectus gyrus. Left middle frontal gyrus exhibited increased rsFC. The PCC connectivity with the right rectus gyrus was found to be negatively correlated with the CIAS scores in the smokers with IGA before correction. Our results suggested that smokers with IGA had functional changes in brain areas related to motivation and executive function compared with the nonsmokers with IGA.
On the Hydrodynamic Interaction of Shock Waves with Interstellar Clouds. II. The Effect of Smooth Cloud Boundaries on Cloud Destruction and Cloud Turbulence

The effect of smooth cloud boundaries on the interaction of steady planar shock waves with interstellar clouds is studied using a local adaptive mesh refinement technique with an axisymmetric Godunov hydrodynamic scheme. A three-dimensional calculation is also done to confirm the two-dimensional results. We find that smooth cloud boundaries significantly affect cloud morphology and retard cloud destruction. After shock passage, a sharp density jump forms due to velocity gradients generated in the smooth cloud boundary. We refer to this density jump as a "slip surface" because the velocity is sheared parallel to its surface. The formation of a slip surface leads to complete cloud destruction because of the Kelvin-Helmholtz and Rayleigh-Taylor instabilities. We construct analytic models of cloud drag and vorticity generation that compare well with the numerical results. Small shreds formed by the instabilities have significant velocity dispersions of 10%-20% of the ambient shock velocity. They could be related to the small cold H I clouds recently observed by Stanimirović & Heiles. The dependence of the velocity dispersion on region size, the so-called line width-size relation, is found to be time-dependent. In the early stages, the line width-size relation is more or less flat because of the significant small-scale fluctuations generated by the Kelvin-Helmholtz instability. In the later stages, the small-scale fluctuations tend to damp, leading to a line width that increases with size. The possibility of gravitational instability triggered by shock compression is discussed. We show that gravitational collapse can be induced in an initially uniform cloud by a radiative shock (γ < 4/3) only if it is not too strong and nonthermal motions are weak.
Novel Methyltransferase for Modified Uridine Residues at the Wobble Position of tRNA

ABSTRACT We have identified a novel tRNA methyltransferase in Saccharomyces cerevisiae that we designate Trm9. This enzyme, the product of theYML014w gene, catalyzes the esterification of modified uridine nucleotides, resulting in the formation of 5-methylcarbonylmethyluridine in tRNAArg3 and 5-methylcarbonylmethyl-2-thiouridine in tRNAGlu. In intact yeast cells, disruption of the TRM9 gene results in the complete loss of these modified wobble bases and increased sensitivity at 37°C to paromomycin, a translational inhibitor. These results suggest a role for this potentially reversible methyl esterification reaction when cells are under stress.
Survey of the heritability and sparsity of gene expression traits across human tissues

For most complex traits, gene regulation is known to play a crucial mechanistic role as demonstrated by the consistent enrichment of expression quantitative trait loci (eQTLs) among trait-associated variants. Thus, understanding the genetic architecture of gene expression traits is key to elucidating the underlying mechanisms of complex traits. However, a systematic survey of the heritability and the distribution of effect sizes across all representative tissues in the human body has not been reported. Here we fill this gap through analyses of the RNA-seq data from a comprehensive set of tissue samples generated by the GTEx Project and the DGN whole blood cohort. We find that local h can be relatively well characterized with 50% of expressed genes 1/38 . CC-BY 4.0 International license peer-reviewed) is the author/funder. It is made available under a The copyright holder for this preprint (which was not . http://dx.doi. org/10.1101/043653 doi: bioRxiv preprint first posted online Mar. 15, 2016;
Realtime nowcasting with a Bayesian mixed frequency model with stochastic volatility

The paper develops a method for producing current quarter forecasts of gross domestic product growth with a (possibly large) range of available within‐the‐quarter monthly observations of economic indicators, such as employment and industrial production, and financial indicators, such as stock prices and interest rates. In light of existing evidence of time variation in the variances of shocks to gross domestic product, we consider versions of the model with both constant variances and stochastic volatility. We use Bayesian methods to estimate the model, to facilitate providing shrinkage on the (possibly large) set of model parameters and conveniently generate predictive densities. We provide results on the accuracy of nowcasts of realtime gross domestic product growth in the USA from 1985 through 2011. In terms of point forecasts, our proposal improves significantly on auto‐regressive models and performs comparably with survey forecasts. In addition, it provides reliable density forecasts, for which the stochastic volatility specification is quite useful.
A Study of Deterministic Jitter in Crystal Oscillators

Crystal oscillators are widely used in electronic systems to provide reference timing signals. Even though they are designed to be highly stable, their performance can be deteriorated by several types of random noise sources and deterministic interferences. This paper investigates the phenomenon of timing jitter in crystal oscillators induced by the injection of deterministic interferences. It is shown that timing jitter is closely related to the phase and amplitude modulations of the oscillator response. A closed-form variational macromodel is proposed to quantify timing jitter as well as to qualitatively explain the interference mechanism. Analytical results and efficient numerical simulations are developed to explore how timing jitter depends on the frequency of the interfering signal. The methodology is tested by a crystal Pierce oscillator.
Walrasian equilibrium power allocation in protected and shared bands

We consider two transmitter-receiver pairs (links) operating on protected and shared frequency bands. Each link has a frequency band to use exclusively without any interference from the other link. A frequency band is shared between the two links. We study the power allocation problem of the two transmitters in the available bands using models from microeconomic theory. We model the setting as a competitive market in which the links are the consumers and transmission power are goods which can be bought by the consumers at specific prices. We assume there exists an authority, the arbitrator, which determines the prices of the goods and forwards them to the consumers. The Walrasian equilibrium in this model is Pareto optimal and corresponds to the prices that equate the demand to the supply of goods. We show that the Walrasian equilibrium always exists in our setting. We provide sufficient conditions for the uniqueness of the Walrasian equilibrium and also for the global stability of the price adjustment process to reach the equilibrium.
Relationship between Strategic Human Resource Management and Firm Performance of Kenya ’ s Corporate Organizations Miss

This paper examines the extent to which strategic human resource management influences firm performance from various critical perspectives. Rapid environmental changes, competition to provide innovative products and services, changing customer and investor demands and globalization have become the standard backdrop for firms. Sustained competitive advantage could be generated from a firm’s human capital by designing strategic human resource management to diagnose a firm’s strategic needs which is required to implement a competitive strategy and achieve operational goals. Effective human resource management strategy systematically organizes all individual human resource management measures to directly influence employee attitude and behavior in a way that leads business to achieve its competitive strategy. Finally, this article develops a conceptual framework that explains the relationship between strategic human resource management, competitive strategies and firm performance.
Text Steganography Based on Online Chat

An automated dental identification system (ADIS) for human identification in forensic dentistry requires automatic recognition of teeth in dental images. In this paper, we propose a multi-stage technique to classify teeth in multislice CT (MSCT) images. The proposed algorithm consists of the following three stages: segmentation, feature extraction and classification. We segmented the teeth based on our previous experiences. In the feature extraction stage, we introduced a multi-resolution method using wavelet-Fourier descriptor (WFD). Finally, we utilized WFD coefficients as feature vectors for classification in the third stage. Teeth classification is performed by a conventional supervised classifier for teeth identification. Experimental results reveal the effectiveness of the proposed method.
A microgrid energy management system supported by a hysteresis Vehicle to Grid controller

In order to support the energy management systems (EMSs) of microgrids, bidirectional current controllers for the charging stations of electric vehicles (EVs) have been investigated. For this purpose, different strategies for implementing Vehicle to Grid (V2G) have been considered. The EMS goal is to balance the energy demand and production in microgrids by maximizing the self-consumption by means of electric vehicle storage systems. In order to compare the EMS performances, two different approaches in controlling the V2G charging stations, based on continuous and hysteresis control algorithms, have been analysed. In particular, a V2G hysteresis controller with step wise constant current profiles has been designed in order to preserve the EV battery life. The proposed control algorithm has been simulated considering the actual measurements of a real microgrid characterised by an intermittent renewable energy overproduction. The results show the feasibility to implement V2G paradigm by means of hysteresis controller for the management of the EV charging currents with step wise constant profiles.
Ripple Rejection for a Multirate Control System Including an Integrator

In the present paper, we discuss a design method for a multirate system, in which the update interval of the control input is shorter than the sampling interval of the plant output. In this multirate system, the intersample output may oscillate between sampled outputs even if the sampled output converges to the reference input because the control input can be changed between sampled outputs. In the conventional method, intersample ripples can be eliminated independently of the sampled response. However, this method is not valid when a controlled plant has an integrator. In the present study, we discuss this problem and propose a method by which to relax the problem constraints.
The effects of inservice education on the teaching effectiveness of experienced physical educators

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Opponent modeling and planning against non-stationary strategies

In multiagent systems, in order to make the best decisions, each agent has to take into account not only the strategy used by other agents but also how those strategies might change in the future. This is further exacerbated in open environments where strategies cannot be assumed to be rational. This paper studies repeated interactions between an agent and an opponent that changes its strategy over time (it is non-stationary). Our main contribution is a framework for fast learning changing non-stationary strategies. The agent uses decision trees to learn the most up to date opponent’s strategy. The agent’s learned model is continuously re-evaluated to assess strategy switches. Our method detects such switches by measuring tree similarities. Aside from its fast learning process, decision trees can provide an easy interpretation of the opponent model. A second contribution is with regards to computing a policy against the opponent making the best use of the generated opponent model. For this, we propose a novel approach of transforming a decision tree into a Markov Decision Process. We evaluated the proposed approach in the iterated prisoner’s dilemma, outperforming state of the art algorithms in predictive accuracy when facing non-stationary strategies.
Approximate Bayesian Logistic Regression via Penalized Likelihood by Data Augmentation

We present a command, penlogit, for approximate Bayesian logistic regression using penalized likelihood estimation via data augmentation. This command automatically adds specific prior-data records to a dataset. These records are computed so that they generate a penalty function for the log likelihood of a logistic model, which equals (up to an additive constant) a set of independent log prior distributions on the model parameters. This command overcomes the necessity of relying on specialized software and statistical tools (such as Markov chain Monte Carlo) for fitting Bayesian models, and allows one to assess the information content of a prior in terms of the data that would be required to generate the prior as a likelihood function. The command produces data equivalent to normal and generalized log-F priors for the model parameters, providing flexible translation of background information into prior data, which allows calculation of approximate posterior medians and intervals from ordinary maximum likelihood programs. We illustrate the command through an example using data from an observational study of neonatal mortality.
Effects of variable sources of distillers dried grains plus solubles on milk yield and composition.

This study compared diets supplemented with distillers dried grains plus solubles originating from whiskey distilling with those from fuel alcohol production or soybean meal. Forty-eight cows in mid and early lactation were offered a different dietary treatment in each of three 28-d periods. Dietary design included three supplements at 14 or 18% CP of dietary DM, with or without blood meal. Additionally, a third, darker, fuel ethanol source was added at 14 and 18% CP without blood meal during period 3 to incorporate greater variation in quality of distillers grains. No detectable differences occurred in DMI or in any variables because of blood meal. Milk yield was higher when cows were fed diets at 18% rather than at 14% CP. Cows fed the two lighter distillers grains diets yielded . 8 kg/d more milk than cows fed soybean meal diets, and cows fed whiskey distillers grains yielded 1.3 kg/d more SCM than cows fed diets with darkest distillers grains. Milk protein percentage was depressed when the darkest distillers grains were fed. Distillers dried grains plus solubles can provide an excellent substitute for soybean meal and corn in dairy cow diets.