Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Rapid prototyping of web applications combining domain specific languages and model driven design

There have been several authoring methods proposed in the literature that are model based, essentially following the Model Driven Design philosophy. While useful, such methods need an effective way to allow the application designer to somehow synthesize the actual running application from the specification. In this paper, we describe HyperDe, an environment that combines Model Driven Design and Domain Specific Languages. We show the advantages of this combination to enable rapid authoring and prototyping of Web applications.
Multiple Transcriptional Domains, With Distinct Left and Right Components, in the Atrial Chambers of the Developing Heart

During heart development, 2 fast-conducting regions of working myocardium balloon out from the slow-conducting primary myocardium of the tubular heart. Three regions of primary myocardium persist: the outflow tract, atrioventricular canal, and inflow tract, which are contiguous throughout the inner curvature of the heart. The contribution of the inflow tract to the definitive atrial chambers has remained enigmatic largely because of the lack of molecular markers that permit unambiguous identification of this myocardial domain. We now report that the genes encoding atrial natriuretic factor, myosin light chain (MLC) 3F, MLC2V, and Pitx-2, and transgenic mouse lines expressing nlacZ under the control of regulatory sequences of the mouse MLC1F/3F gene, display regionalized patterns of expression in the atrial component of the developing mouse heart. These data distinguish 4 broad transcriptional domains in the atrial myocardium: (1) the atrioventricular canal that will form the smooth-walled lower atrial rim proximal to the ventricles; (2) the atrial appendages; (3) the caval vein myocardium (systemic inlet); and (4) the mediastinal myocardium (pulmonary inlet), including the atrial septa. The pattern of expression of Pitx-2 reveals that each of these transcriptional domains has a distinct left and right component. This study reveals for the first time differential gene expression in the systemic and pulmonary inlets, which is not shared by the contiguous atrial appendages and provides evidence for multiple molecular compartments within the atrial chambers. Furthermore, this work will allow the contribution of each of these myocardial components to be studied in congenitally malformed hearts, such as those with abnormal venous return.
The Effect of Channel Estimation Error on the Throughput of Broadcast Channels

In a broadcast channel in which one transmitter serves n receivers, the capacity region highly depends on the amount of channel state information (CSI) at the transmitter. Assuming that the transmitter knows the SNR of all the receivers, opportunistic strategy maximizes the throughput (sum-rate) of the system. It is usually assumed that CSI is accurate, however, evaluating the SNR is basically an estimation problem in the receiver which cannot be done without error. In this paper, we analyze the effect of the noisy estimation of SNR on the throughput of a broadcast channel. We propose a generalization of the opportunistic transmission in which the transmitter still sends to the user with the highest estimated SNR, but backs off on the transmit rate based on the variance of the estimation error. We obtain the optimum amount of back off and compute the throughput for our scheduling scheme. Clearly, the estimation can be improved by using a longer training phase; however, longer training would deteriorate the throughput. In the final part of the paper, we address this trade off and obtain the optimum training strategy that maximizes the throughput of the system
Revealing the MAPE loop for the autonomic management of Cloud infrastructures

Cloud computing is the result of the convergence of several concepts, ranging from virtualization, distributed application design, Grid computing, and enterprise IT management. Efficient management of Cloud computing infrastructures faces with the contradicting goals like unlimited scalability, provision of Service Level Agreements (SLAs), extensive use of virtualization, energy efficiency and minimization of the administration overhead by humans. Thus, autonomic computing seems to be one of the promising paradigms for the implementation of the management infrastructures for Clouds. However, currently available autonomic systems do not consider the characteristics of Clouds, e.g., virtualization layer, and thus are not easily applicable to Cloud infrastructures. In this paper we discuss first steps towards revealing the current MAPE (Monitoring, Analysis, Planning, Execution) loops for the application to Cloud infrastructures. We present novel techniques for the adequate monitoring of Clouds, discuss the approach for the knowledge management and present our solutions for facilitating SLA generation and management.
Color image scale

Using and combining colors is now easy with the revolutionary new Color Image Scale developed by Japan's leading color psychologist, Shigenobu Kobayashi, the author of the best-selling A Book of Colors. After three years of intensive research, Kobayashi and his team at the Nippon Color & Design Research Institute have matched 130 basic colors and over 1,000 color combinations to 180 key image words, allowing you the expression of any mood, lifestyle, or taste through the creative use of color combinations. If you want to make an interior or an outfit "elegant," "romantic," or even "provocative," just look up -the word in the key image word index, and choose any one of the dozens of color combinations listed under the entry. Conversely, if you would like to know what mood certain colors or color combinations suggest, refer to the color index. Used by thousands of major designers and manufacturers in Japan, the Color Image Scale is a unique color resource for both professionals and amateurs alike.
Sexual dysfunctions in alcohol-dependent men: A study from north India

Background & objectives: Sexual dysfunctions have been reported in alcohol-dependent men. Most of the studies conducted had limitation of using non-validated measures of sexual dysfunction and sampling design. This study was, therefore, conducted to determine the typology, demographic and clinical correlates of sexual dysfunction in alcohol-dependent men. Methods: One hundred and one patients with alcohol dependence (AD) attending the Drug De-addiction and Treatment Centre and 50 healthy controls were evaluated in this cross-sectional study. Participants in both the groups were assessed on Arizona Sexual experience scale (ASEX), Dyadic Adjustment Scale (DAS), Hamilton Depression Rating Scale (HDRS) and State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI). In addition, patients with AD were assessed on Severity of Alcohol Dependence Questionnaire (SADQ) for severity of AD and revised clinical institute withdrawal assessment for alcohol scale (CIWA-Ar) to ensure that no participant was in active alcohol withdrawal state. Results: Overall, 58.4 per cent of patients in the AD group had sexual dysfunction. Among the domains, the highest frequency was seen for dysfunction for arousal (57.4%), followed by problems in desire (54.4%), erection (36.6%), satisfaction with orgasm (34.6%) and ability to reach orgasm was least affected (12.87%). The patient and control groups differed significantly in overall dyadic adjustment, in the domains of dyadic satisfaction and affective expression. Interpretation & conclusions: The finding of this study showed that a significant proportion of patients with AD has sexual dysfunction. Longitudinal studies using validated assessment tools should be done to confirm these findings.
Kernel Based Discourse Relation Recognition with Temporal Ordering Information

Syntactic knowledge is important for discourse relation recognition. Yet only heuristically selected flat paths and 2-level production rules have been used to incorporate such information so far. In this paper we propose using tree kernel based approach to automatically mine the syntactic information from the parse trees for discourse analysis, applying kernel function to the tree structures directly. These structural syntactic features, together with other normal flat features are incorporated into our composite kernel to capture diverse knowledge for simultaneous discourse identification and classification for both explicit and implicit relations. The experiment shows tree kernel approach is able to give statistical significant improvements over flat syntactic path feature. We also illustrate that tree kernel approach covers more structure information than the production rules, which allows tree kernel to further incorporate information from a higher dimension space for possible better discrimination. Besides, we further propose to leverage on temporal ordering information to constrain the interpretation of discourse relation, which also demonstrate statistical significant improvements for discourse relation recognition on PDTB 2.0 for both explicit and implicit as well.
The Impact of a Food Assistance Program on Nutritional Status, Disease Progression, and Food Security Among People Living With HIV in Uganda

Background:Although the last decade has seen increased access to antiretroviral therapy across the developing world, widespread food insecurity and undernutrition continue to compromise an effective response to the AIDS epidemic. Limited evidence exists on the potential benefit of food security and nutrition interventions to people living with HIV (PLHIV). Methods:We capitalized on an existing intervention to PLHIV in Uganda and conducted a prospective quasi-experimental study evaluating the impact of a monthly household food basket, provided to food insecure antiretroviral therapy–naive PLHIVs for 12 months. The outcomes of interest measured at baseline and follow-up were nutritional status [body mass index; mid-upper arm circumference and hemoglobin (Hb) concentrations], disease severity (CD4 count), and 2 measures of food security: diet quality (Individual Dietary Diversity Score) and food access (Household Food Insecurity Access Scale). We used difference-in-difference propensity score matching to examine the impact of food assistance. Results:Over 12 months, food assistance significantly increased body mass index by 0.6 kg/m2 (P < 0.01) and mid-upper arm circumference by 6.7 mm (P < 0.05). We found no impact on CD4 count, Hb concentrations, or Individual Dietary Diversity Score. Restricting the analysis to individuals with CD4 counts of greater than 350 cells per microliter, there were significant impacts on Hb concentrations (1.0 g/dL; P < 0.05). At the household level, food assistance increased the Household Food Insecurity Access Scale, by 2.1 points (P < 0.01). Conclusions:This study demonstrates the potential for food assistance programming to be part of the standard of care for PLHIV in areas of widespread food insecurity.
Towards Conversational Recommender Systems: A Dialogue Grammar Approach

We highlight the importance of dialogue management in systems that support mixed-initiative interaction. For concreteness, we focus on interaction with recommender systems. We propose an approach that uses both a dialogue grammar and a recommendation strategy. The dialogue grammar makes explicit the opportunities the user and system have for seizing and ceding the initiative. But it maintains only local dialogue coherence. The recommendation strategy is used to achieve global dialogue coherence.
Three Generalizations of Davenport-Schinzel Sequences

We present new, and mostly sharp, bounds on the maximum length of certain generalizations of Davenport--Schinzel (DS) sequences. Among the results are sharp bounds on order-$s$ double DS sequences, for all $s$, sharp bounds on (double) formation-free sequences, and new lower bounds on sequences avoiding zig-zagging patterns.
Network I/O Acceleration in Heterogeneous Multicore Processors

Chip multiprocessor (CMP) architectures are fast becoming the dominant design for general purpose processors. Whereas current generation server and desktop processors use homogenous CMP architectures, network processors (NPs) have used heterogeneous CMP architectures for years. At the same time, the failure of network stacks in traditional processors to scale with increased network bandwidths has spawned numerous proposals for new approaches to accelerate network processing. This paper looks at moving network stack processing from the main CPU to a series of smaller, closely coupled, and more efficient processors in a heterogeneous CMP by implementing such an architecture on an Intel IXP network processor. Our experiments show that the close coupling and flexible nature of the IXP's microengines allow them to greatly accelerate network processing for a small cost in area
The Early Stage of Bacterial Genome-Reductive Evolution in the Host

The equine-associated obligate pathogen Burkholderia mallei was developed by reductive evolution involving a substantial portion of the genome from Burkholderia pseudomallei, a free-living opportunistic pathogen. With its short history of divergence (∼3.5 myr), B. mallei provides an excellent resource to study the early steps in bacterial genome reductive evolution in the host. By examining 20 genomes of B. mallei and B. pseudomallei, we found that stepwise massive expansion of IS (insertion sequence) elements ISBma1, ISBma2, and IS407A occurred during the evolution of B. mallei. Each element proliferated through the sites where its target selection preference was met. Then, ISBma1 and ISBma2 contributed to the further spread of IS407A by providing secondary insertion sites. This spread increased genomic deletions and rearrangements, which were predominantly mediated by IS407A. There were also nucleotide-level disruptions in a large number of genes. However, no significant signs of erosion were yet noted in these genes. Intriguingly, all these genomic modifications did not seriously alter the gene expression patterns inherited from B. pseudomallei. This efficient and elaborate genomic transition was enabled largely through the formation of the highly flexible IS-blended genome and the guidance by selective forces in the host. The detailed IS intervention, unveiled for the first time in this study, may represent the key component of a general mechanism for early bacterial evolution in the host.
Pharmacokinetic modelling of blood–brain barrier transport of escitalopram in rats

This study examined the pharmacokinetics and distribution of escitalopram in the brain extracellular fluid in rats by the concurrent use of intracerebral microdialysis and serial blood sampling. Following three constant intravenous infusions, drug concentrations in the hippocampus and plasma were monitored for 6 h. To estimate the integrated pharmacokinetics and intercompartmental transport parameters, including blood–brain barrier (BBB) transport over the entire dose range, unbound brain and plasma escitalopram concentration data from all doses were simultaneously analysed using compartmental modelling. The pharmacokinetic analysis revealed that systemic clearance decreased as a function of dose, which was incorporated in the integrated model. Escitalopram was rapidly and extensively transported across the BBB and distributed into the brain extracellular fluid. The modelling resulted in an estimated influx clearance into the brain of 535 µl/min/g brain, resulting in an unbound brain‐to‐plasma AUC ratio of 0.8 independent of escitalopram dose. The model may be applied for preclinical evaluations or predictions of escitalopram concentration‐time courses in plasma as well as at the target site in the CNS for various dosing scenarios. In addition, this modelling approach may also be valuable for studying BBB transport characteristics for other psychotropic agents. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Transmit Diversity and Relay Selection Algorithms for Multirelay Cooperative MIMO Systems

In this paper, we propose a set of joint transmit diversity selection (TDS) and relay selection (RS) algorithms based on discrete iterative stochastic optimization for the uplink of cooperative multiple-input-multiple-output (MIMO) systems. Decode-and-forward (DF) and amplify-and-forward (AF) multirelay systems with linear minimum mean square error (MSE), successive interference cancelation, and adaptive reception are considered. The problems of TDS and RS are expressed as MSE and mutual information (MI) joint discrete optimization problems and solved using iterative discrete stochastic algorithms. Such an approach circumvents the need for exhaustive searching and results in a range of procedures with low complexity and increased speed of convergence that can track the optimal selection over an estimated channel. The proposed schemes are analyzed in terms of their complexity, convergence, and diversity benefits and are shown to be both stable and computationally efficient. Their performance is then evaluated via MSE, MI, and bit error rate comparisons and shown to outperform conventional cooperative transmission and, in the majority of scenarios, match that of the optimal exhaustive solution.
A Definition of Interchangeability for Soft CSPs

Substitutability and interchangeability in constraint satisfaction problems (CSPs) have been used as a basis for search heuristics, solution adaptation and abstraction techniques. In this paper, we consider how the same concepts can be extended to soft constraint satisfaction problems (SCSPs). We introduce two notions: threshold α and degradation δ for substitutability and interchangeability, (αsubstitutability/interchangeability and substitutability/interchangeability respectively). We show that they satisfy analogous theorems to the ones already known for hard constraints. In αinterchangeability, values are interchangeable in any solution that is better than a threshold α, thus allowing to disregard differences among solutions that are not sufficiently good anyway. In interchangeability, values are interchangeable if their exchange could not degrade the solution by more than a factor of δ. We give efficient algorithms to compute (/α)interchangeable sets of value for a large class of SCSPs.
Power system modeling in Modelica for time-domain simulation

Considerable progress has been made in recent years on the development of common formats for the exchange of power system data. However, no such common format exists for the exchange of mathematical models. The objective of this paper is to explore how a model of an entire power system could be described in an open modeling approach. A requirement of this approach is the possibility to describe a model without establishing input/output relations. The proposed method is based on the use of the modeling language Modelica, an equation-based language which allows acausal modeling. Additionally, Modelica has an important capability of conveniently modeling discontinuities. To illustrate the method, a small but complex system is implemented using a Modelica model and subsequently simulated by a generic differential algebraic equation solver. Results are compared with those obtained from a power system simulation package.
An investigation of visual field test parameters in glaucoma, patterns of visual field loss in diabetics and multispectral imaging of the optic nerve head in glaucoma

AbstractVisual field tests are routinely used for the detection and management of glaucoma. This thesis focuses on monitoring the vigilance during perimetry with pupil dynamics (pupillary movements, blinks) in glaucoma patients and the performance of using subsets of standard test patterns at detecting glaucomatous field loss. It describes the spatial pattern of visual field changes in diabetic retinopathy patients after treatment and the usage of multispectral imaging of the optic nerve head in glaucoma patients.The first investigation evaluated the use of pupillary parameters (pupil size and amplitude of pupillary oscillations) to monitor vigilance during perimetry in comparison to electroencephalography. A significant correlation was observed between the decreased pupil size and increased slow brain activities (theta and alpha). The inter-test threshold variability correlated with the pupil miosis.Another investigation explored blinks during a perimetric test and their relationship to the variability of threshold sensitivity in glaucoma patients. A wide range of blink frequencies was observed in glaucoma patients during perimetry and the timing of blinks was correlated with the stimuli presentations when they were supra-threshold. No significant relationship was observed between the threshold sensitivity variability and blink parameters (frequency, duration and microsleep numbers). The third investigation evaluated the use of subset of the 24-2 visual field test pattern at detecting glaucomatous field loss. A high sensitivity and specificity was observed when using subsets of the 24-2 pattern and test locations optimized by the positive predictive values showed a better performance than the test locations in random sequences.With the usage of a self-organized mapping method, nine spatial patterns of visual field loss in untreated diabetic retinopathy patients were classified. After laser treatment, a significant improvement on the spatial patterns of field loss and global indices was found.In the multispectral imaging study, the haemoglobin dependent differential light absorption (DLA) properties of the glaucomatous optic nerve head was evaluated with multispectral imaging. Change of DLA after medical hypotensive treatment was graded by five experts and no difference was observed in most of the patients.
The treatment of smoking by US physicians during ambulatory visits: 1994 2003.

OBJECTIVES We sought to determine whether US physicians' practice patterns in treating tobacco use at ambulatory visits improved over the past decade with the appearance of national clinical practice guidelines, new smoking cessation medications, and public reporting of physician performance in counseling smokers. METHODS We compared data from the National Ambulatory Medical Care Survey, an annual survey of a random sample of office visits to US physicians, between 1994-1996 and 2001-2003. RESULTS Physicians identified patients' smoking status at 68% of visits in 2001-2003 versus 65% in 1994-1996 (adjusted odds ratio [AOR]=1.16; 95% confidence interval [CI]=1.04, 1.30). Physicians counseled about smoking at 20% of smokers' visits in 2001-2003 versus 22% in 1994-1996 (AOR=0.84; 95% CI=0.71, 0.99). In both time periods, smoking cessation medication use was low (<2% of smokers' visits) and visits with counseling for smoking were longer than those without such counseling (P<.005). CONCLUSIONS In the past decade, there has been a small increase in physicians' rates of patients' smoking status identification and a small decrease in rates of counseling smokers. This lack of progress may reflect barriers in the US health care environment, including limited physician time to provide counseling.