Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Generalized Goldstone Theorem: Automatic Imposition of the Higgs Mechanism and Application to Scale and Conformal Symmetry Breaking

Standard discussions of Goldstone’s theorem based on a symmetry of the action assume constant fields and global transformations, i.e., transformations which are independent of spacetime coordinates. By allowing for arbitrary field distributions in a general representation of the symmetry we derive a generalization of the standard Goldstone’s theorem. When applied to gauge bosons coupled to scalars with a spontaneously broken symmetry the generalized theorem automatically imposes the Higgs mechanism, i.e., if the expectation value of the scalar field is nonzero then the gauge bosons must be massive. The other aspect of the Higgs mechanism, the disappearance of the “would be” Goldstone boson, follows directly from the generalized symmetry condition itself. We also use our generalized Goldstone’s theorem to analyze the case of a system in which scale and conformal symmetries are both spontaneously broken.
4 Kto-8 K TV Up-converter with Super Resolution

The 8K system is intended to be the ultimate high-resolution broadcasting system. However, 8K equipment is still under development, and there will be a lack of 8K content once broadcasting begins. It would thus be very useful if 4K content could be converted to a sufficient resolution level to be viewed on 8K systems. Conventional up-converters, from SDTV to HDTV, change the video format with interpolation technology and enhancers. They cannot create higher frequency elements than those of the original content. The same problem affects up-converted 8K content; simply up-converting 4K to 8K does not produce high-resolution 8K content. This paper describes a 4K-to-8K up-converter that uses a novel form of super resolution (SR) technology. The SR technology creates frequency elements that are higher than those of the original 4K content. It can even create elements above the Nyquist frequency, which had been considered a theoretical limitation The 4K-8K up-converter can create content with the same resolution as that of an 8K camera operated in real time.
A routing algorithm based on energy constraint

Delay Tolerant Networks (DTNs) are wireless networks in which at any given time instance, the probability of having a complete path from a source to destination is low due to the intermittent connectivity between nodes. Because of the differences between DTNs and traditional networks, [4]the routing strategies about DTNs can not use the traditional routing methods directly. In the paper, we propose a routing algorithm based on energy constraint. Simulation results showed that ERHR has better performance in energy — consumption than other DTN routing algorithms. ERHR is an effective DTN routing algorithm.
Co-clustering signed 3-partite graphs

In this paper, we propose a new algorithm, called STRICLUSTER, to find tri-clusters from signed 3-partite graphs. The dataset contains three different types of nodes. Hyperedges connecting three nodes from three different partitions represent either positive or negative relations among those nodes. The aim of our algorithm is to find clusters with strong positive relations among its nodes. Moreover, negative relations up to a certain threshold is also allowed. Also, the clusters can have no overlapping hyperedges. We show the effectiveness of our algorithm via several experiments.
Geomarketing on a Pay-perUse Basis

Geomarketing applications use a large amount of geographic and demographic data. Due to the extremely high costs for this data geomarketing is only feasible for large companies that can afford such data sets, or for companies offering specialized geomarketing services to a number of clients. This paper describes a possible solution for small and medium enterprises to do geomarketing at reasonable price. An online service where the user pays only for the data used in the individual geomarketing query is the proposed solution (pay−per−use). The approach for the design of an online geomarketing service with pay −per−use capability must satisfy the requirements of e−commerce (security) and geomarketing. We formally specify and implement a prototype of an online geomarketing service and investigate the security issues.
Gene vaccination with naked plasmid DNA: mechanism of CTL priming

The injection of naked plasmid DNA directly into the muscle cells of mice has been shown to induce potent humoral and cellular immune responses. The generation of a cytotoxic T lymphocyte (CTL) response after plasmid DNA injection may involve the presentation of the expressed antigen in the context of the injected myocytes' endogenous major histocompatibility (MHC)-encoded class I molecules or may use the MHC molecules of bone marrow-derived antigen presenting cells (APC) which are capable of providing co-stimulation as well. To resolve which cell type provides the specific restricting element for this method of vaccination we generated parent-->F1 bone marrow chimeras in which H- 2bxd recipient mice received bone marrow that expressed only H-2b or H- 2d MHC molecules. These mice were injected intramuscularly with naked plasmid DNA that encoded the nucleoprotein from the A/PR/8/34 influenza strain, which as a single antigen has epitopes for both H-2Db and H- 2Kd. The resulting CTL responses were restricted to the MHC haplotype of the bone marrow alone and not to the second haplotype expressed by the recipient's myocytes. The role of somatic tissues that express protein from injected plasmids may be to serve as a reservoir for that antigen which is then transferred to the APC. Consequently, our data show that the mechanism of priming in this novel method for vaccination uses the MHC from bone marrow-derived APC, which are efficient at providing all of the necessary signals for priming the T cell.
Diffusive Mobile Molecular Communications Over Time-Variant Channels

This letter introduces a formalism for modeling time-variant channels for diffusive molecular communication systems. In particular, we consider a fluid environment where one transmitter nano-machine and one receiver nano-machine are subjected to Brownian motion in addition to the diffusive motion of the information molecules used for communication. Due to the stochastic movements of the transmitter and receiver nano-machines, the statistics of the channel impulse response change over time. We show that the time-variant behavior of the channel can be accurately captured by appropriately modifying the diffusion coefficient of the information molecules. Furthermore, we derive an analytical expression for evaluation of the expected error probability of a simple detector for the considered system. The accuracy of the proposed analytical expression is verified via particle-based simulation of the Brownian motion.
Dynamics of ion-phosphate lattice of DNA in left-handed double helix form

The conformational vibrations of Z-DNA with counterions are studied in framework of phenomenological model developed. The structure of left-handed double helix with counterions neutralizing the negatively charged phosphate groups of DNA is considered as the ion-phosphate lattice. The frequencies and Raman intensities for the modes of Z-DNA with Na+ and Mg2+ ions are calculated, and the low-frequency Raman spectra are built. At the spectra range about the frequency 150 cm-1 new mode of ion-phosphate vibrations is found, which characterizes the vibrations of Mg2+ counterions. The results of our calculations show that the intensities of Z-DNA modes are sensitive to the concentration of magnesium counterions. The obtained results describe well the experimental Raman spectra of Z-DNA.
Redox regulation of Janus kinase

The redox regulation of Janus kinases (JAKs) is a complex subject. Due to other redox-sensitive kinases in the kinome, redox-sensitive phosphatases, and cellular antioxidant systems and reactive oxygen species (ROS) production systems, the net biological outcomes of oxidative stress on JAK-dependent signal transduction vary according to the specific biological system examined. This review begins with a discussion of the biochemical evidence for a cysteine-based redox switch in the catalytic domain of JAKs, proceeds to consider direct and indirect regulatory mechanisms involved in biological experiments, and ends with a discussion of the role(s) of redox regulation of JAKs in various diseases.
Acoustic correlates of phonological microvariations

Recent field researches in a small area of Southern Salento by means of an appropriate questionnaire, acoustic analysis and statistic treatment of the data have pointed out the existence of micro-parametric metaphonetic processes never noticed before. These processes cause the raising of the stressed mid vowels /E/ and /O/ to the counterpart mid-high vowels [e] and [o], when followed by the unstressed high vowels -i and -u. In order to incorporate coherently phonetics in phonological analysis (within an autosegmental phonological framework), we tried to extract the phonetic out of the phonological properties. The results suggest that the phonological microvariation is mastered by the interplay of acoustic-articulatory, and probably perceptive features of the stressed and unstressed vocalism involved in the processes, supporting a research perspective in which distinctive features have and important role not only in articulatory actions, but also in all intermediate representations, and, furthermore, in perceptive processes.
water by terahertz absorption spectroscopy Probing the collective vibrational dynamics of a protein in liquid

Biological polymers are expected to exhibit functionally relevant, global, and subglobal collective modes in the terahertz (THz) frequency range (i.e., picosecond timescale). In an effort to monitor these collective motions, we have experimentally determined the absorption spectrum of solvated bovine serum albumin (BSA) from 0.3 to 3.72 THz (10–124 cm ). We successfully extract the terahertz molar absorption of the solvated BSA from the much stronger attenuation of water and observe in the solvated protein a dense, overlapping spectrum of vibrational modes that increases monotonically with increasing frequency. We see no evidence of distinct, strong, spectral features, suggesting that no specific collective vibrations dominate the protein’s spectrum of motions, consistent with the predictions of molecular dynamics simulations and normal mode analyses of a range of small proteins. The shape of the observed spectrum resembles the ideal quadratic spectral density expected for a disordered ionic solid, indicating that the terahertz normal mode density of the solvated BSA may be modeled, to first order, as that of a three-dimensional elastic nanoparticle with an aperiodic charge distribution. Nevertheless, there are important detailed departures from that of a disordered inorganic solid or the normal mode densities predicted for several smaller proteins. These departures are presumably the spectral features arising from the unique molecular details of the solvated BSA. The techniques used here and measurements have the potential to experimentally confront theoretical calculations on a frequency scale that is important for macromolecular motions in a biologically relevant water environment.
A Review of Kuhnian and Lakatosian "Explanations" in Economics

In the last few decades the influence on economics of the ideas of T. Kuhn and I. Lakatos was considerable. The increasing use of terms like “paradigms” and “scientific research programmes” in almost every field of economics, is indicative of the influence of these two philosophers. Furthermore, the introduction of the ideas of Kuhn and Lakatos in economics gave the stimulus for work on the nature of growth of economic knowledge. The paper starts by presenting the main influence of T. Kuhn on theories concerned with the evolution of economic theory. It continues with a review of the main criticisms regarding the appropriateness and applicability of Kuhnian ideas for economics. The same approach is followed in the case of I. Lakatos. After a classification and discussion of the main findings, the paper attempts to offer an interpretation of the general impact of these two philosophers science on ideas relating to the development of economic theories.
A Video-Browsing-Enhanced Personal Video Recorder

We present the world's first highlights-playback-capable hard disk drive (HDD)-enhanced DVD recorder (personal video recorder-PVR). It automatically detects highlights in sports video by detecting portions with a mixture of the commentator's excited speech and cheering, using Gaussian mixture models (GMM's) trained using the MDL criterion. Our computation is carried out directly on the MDCT coefficients from the AC-3 coefficients thus giving us a tremendous speed advantage. Our accuracy of detection of sports highlights is high across a variety of sports. Our user-study shows that viewers like the new functionality even if it makes mistakes. Finally, we propose genre-independent temporal segmentation of non-sports content using computationally inexpensive audio-visual features. Such segmentation enables "smart skipping, "from one semantic unit to another.
Empirical dark current modeling for complementary metal oxide semiconductor active pixel sensor

We present an empirical dark current model for CMOS active pixel sensors (APSs). The model is based on experimental data taken of a 256 3 256 APS chip fabricated via HP in a standard 0.5-mm CMOS technology process. This quantitative model determines the pixel dark current dependence on two contributing factors: the ''ideal'' dark current determined by the photodiode junction, introduced here as a stable shot noise influence of the device active area, and a leakage current due to the device active area shape, i.e., the number of corners present in the photodiode and their angles. This part is introduced as a process- induced structure stress effect. © 2002 Society of Photo-Optical Instrumentation Engineers. (DOI: 10.1117/1.1475995)
Coinductive characterizations of applicative structures

We discuss new ways of characterizing, as maximal fixed points of monotone operators, observational congruences on λ-terms and, more generally, equivalences on applicative structures. These characterizations naturally induce new forms of coinduction principles for reasoning on program equivalences, which are not based on Abramsky's applicative bisimulation. We discuss, in particular, what we call the cartesian coinduction principle, which arises when we exploit the elementary observation that functional behaviours can be expressed as cartesian graphs. Using the paradigm of final semantics, the soundness of this principle over an applicative structure can be expressed easily by saying that the applicative structure can be construed as a strongly extensional coalgebra for the functor ([Pscr ](- × -))[oplus ]([Pscr ](- × -)). In this paper we present two general methods for showing the soundness of this principle. The first applies to approximable applicative structures – many CPO λ-models in the literature and the corresponding quotient models of indexed terms turn out to be approximable applicative structures. The second method is based on Howe's congruence candidates, which applies to many observational equivalences. Structures satisfying cartesian coinduction are precisely those applicative structures that can be modelled using the standard set-theoretic application in non-wellfounded theories of sets, where the Foundation Axiom is replaced by the Axiom X1 of Forti and Honsell.
Effects of Outdated CSI on the Secrecy Performance of MISO Wiretap Channels with Transmit Antenna Selection

Multiple antennas at the transmitter enhance the diversity performance of multiple-input single-output (MISO) wiretap channels by selecting a single antenna that maximizes the instantaneous signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) at the intended receiver. However, the expected diversity performance may not be fully realized when channel state information (CSI) is outdated at the transmitter. Owing to this fact, in this letter we analyze the effects of outdated CSI on the secrecy outage performance of MISO wiretap channels with transmit antenna selection. More specifically, assuming Nakagami-m fading, a closed-form expression for the exact secrecy outage probability is derived, from which an asymptotic analysis is carried out. Our asymptotic results reveal that the expected diversity gain cannot be realized when CSI is outdated during the antenna selection process. The validity of our formulations is corroborated by Monte Carlo simulations.
A New Formalism for Modeling a Multi Agent Systems: Agent Petri Nets

In this paper, we present a new formalism for Modeling Multi Agent Systems (MAS). Our model based a PN is able to describe not only not the internal state of each agent modeled but also its behavior. Owing to these features, one can model naturally the dynamic behavior of complex systems and the communication between these entities. For this, we propose mathematical definitions attached to firing transitions. To validate our contribution, we will deal with real examples.
Impact of Porcine Epidemic Diarrhea on Performance of Growing Pigs

The impact of porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (PEDv) infection on the US pork industry has mainly been attributed to the mortality that it causes in suckling piglets, and, consequently, much effort has been invested in the quantification of its effect in sow farms. However, no information on the performance of surviving pigs that were exposed to the PEDv as piglets is available. Here, a retrospective cohort study to evaluate the impact of porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (PEDv) infection on growing pigs’ performance, as indicated by mortality, average daily gain (ADG), average daily feed intake (ADFI), and feed conversion ratio (FCR) was performed using production records from weaned pigs in nursery and wean-to-finish sites from sow farms that became PEDv-infected between May 2013 and June 2014. Production records from the first batch of growing pigs weaned in infected flows after the PEDv outbreak (“infected batches”) were compared with those from pigs weaned within the previous 14 to 120 days (“control batches”). Performance records from infected and control batches, paired by flow, were compared using non-parametric paired tests. Mortality, ADG and FCR were significantly different in PEDv-positive (infected) compared with PEDv-negative (control) batches, with a mean increase of mortality and FCR of 11% and 0.5, respectively, and a decrease of ADG of 0.16 lb/day. Our results demonstrate a poorer performance of growing pigs weaned after a PEDv outbreak compared with those weaned within the previous 14-120 days, suggesting that in addition to the mortality induced by PEDv in suckling pigs, the disease also impairs the performance of surviving pig. These findings help to quantify the impact of PEDv infection in the US and, ultimately, contribute to efforts to quantify the cost-effectiveness of disease prevention and control measures.
Extending Granger causality to nonlinear systems

We consider extension of Granger causality to nonlinear bivariate time series. In this frame, if the prediction error of the first time series is reduced by including measurements from the second time series, then the second time series is said to have a causal influence on the first one. Not all the nonlinear prediction schemes are suitable to evaluate causality, indeed not all of them allow to quantify how much the knowledge of the other time series counts to improve prediction error. We present a novel approach with bivariate time series modelled by a generalization of radial basis functions and show its application to a pair of unidirectionally coupled chaotic maps and to a physiological example.
A decentralized observer for a general class of Lipschitz systems

The paper presents a decentralized observer for a class of multi-agent systems. The proposed observer allows each robot of the team to estimate the overall system state provided that the communication network is connected and that the motion control law is Lipschitz. In case of perfect measurements the observer error is proved to be exponentially convergent to zero, while global uniform ultimately boundeness is proved for the case of bounded non-vanishing noise on the state measurements. The approach is validated via numerical simulations considering, as a case study, the decentralized control of the centroid and the formation of a team of robots.
Reducing the dynamic power and leakage power of a high performance SoC

Increasing demand for higher performance and additi onal functionality in mobile and handheld consumer elect ronics coupled with the desire for ever longer operating b attery life requires designers to use a wide range of technique s so that necessary improvements in power performance can be achi ved. Incremental power savings are often no longer enoug h. This paper describes the range of techniques applied in the de sign of a commercial wireless communications SOC that allowed for both dramatic reduction in dynamic power and a substanti al cut in leakage power, yet it maintains identical 600MHz ap plication performance of the first generation benchmark desig n. This paper also highlights the do’s and don'ts of a low power design implementation.
On the importance of application requirements in cooperative vehicular communications

Cooperative vehicular systems are being developed to improve traffic safety and efficiency through the dynamic exchange of information between vehicles and between vehicles and infrastructure units. Different communication protocols and policies have been proposed in the literature with diverse objectives, normally taking into account network performance metrics only. This paper illustrates the need of taking into account cooperative vehicular application requirements in the design and operation of cooperative vehicular protocols, such as congestion control protocols. The results obtained demonstrate the impact of the application requirements on the communication settings of each vehicle, and on the overall channel load generated.
Maximizing the Lifetime of Wireless Sensor Networks through Intelligent Clustering and Data Reduction Techniques

Wireless sensor networks are generally deployed in remote areas where no infrastructure is available. This imposes the use of battery operated devices which seriously limits the lifetime of the network. In this paper we present a cluster-based routing algorithm which is based on Fuzzy-ART neural networks to maximize the life span of such networks. Results show that the energy saving obtained improves the network lifetime by 79.6%, 17.1% and 22.4% (in terms of First Node Dies) when compared to LEACH, a centralised version of LEACH and a self-organizing map (SOM) neural network-based clustering algorithm respectively. Furthermore, this paper explores the use of a base station centric predictive filtering algorithm to reduce the amount of transmitted data leading to a further increase in network lifetime.