Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Banff 2016 Global Assessment and Quantitative Scoring for T Cell-Mediated Liver Transplant Rejection are Interchangeable

Introduction Histopathological assessment of liver biopsies is the current “gold standard” for diagnosing graft dysfunction after liver transplantation (LT), as graft dysfunction can have nonspecific clinical presentations and inconsistent patterns of liver biochemical dysfunction. Most commonly, post-LT, graft dysfunction within the first year, is due to acute T-cell mediated rejection (TCMR) which is characterised histologically by the degree of portal inflammation (PI), bile duct damage (BDD), and venous endothelial inflammation (VEI). This study aimed to establish the relationship between global assessment, which is the global grading of rejection using a “gestalt” approach, and the rejection activity index (RAI) of each component of TCMR as described in revised Banff 2016 guidelines. Methods Liver biopsies (n = 90) taken from patients who underwent LT in 2015 and 2016 at the Australian National Liver Transplant Unit were identified from the electronic medical records. All biopsy slides were microscopically graded by at least two assessors independently using the revised 2016 Banff criteria. Data were analysed using IBM SPSS v21. A Fisher–Freeman–Halton test was performed to assess the correlation between the global assessment and the RAI scores for each TCMR biopsy. Results Within the cohort, 60 (37%, n = 164) patients underwent at least 1 biopsy within 12 months after LT. The most common biopsy outcome (total n = 90) was acute TCMR (64, 71.1%). Global assessment of TCMR slides strongly positively correlated with PI (p value <0.001), BDD (p value <0.001), VEI (p value <0.001), and total RAI (p value <0.001). Liver biochemistry of patients with TCMR significantly improved within 4 to 6 weeks post-biopsy compared to the day of the biopsy. Conclusion In acute TCMR, global assessment and total RAI are strongly correlated and can be used interchangeably to describe the severity of TCMR.
The four periodicities of the cataclysmic variable TV Columbae

I present six nights of simultaneous optical photometry and spectroscopy aimed at observing the four periodicities of TV Col. The 32-min white dwarf spin period (known from the X-ray band) is not convincingly detected in the optical. The 5.5-h orbital period is manifest both photometrically and in the emission-line radial velocities. The emission lines show disc emission with a superimposed S-wave. Near orbital phase 0.8, the S-wave is at inferior conjunction, the photometric variation is at minimum, there is absorption in the line centres and we see X-ray dips. All these findings suggest that the rim of the disc is thickened at this location. The 4-d and 5.2-h cycles dominate the continuum variations but do not change the emission-line profiles. These modulations are not absolutely coherent
On the internal radial structure of field line resonances

We examine the radial scales developed inside field line resonances (FLRs) when they are driven by both broad and narrow frequency bandwidth fast mode sources. The finest FLR radial scales are always limited by ionospheric dissipation, being determined primarily by the height-integrated Pedersen conductivity ∑p. We estimate likely FLR radial scale sizes in both dayside and nightside ionospheric conditions, and confirm the accuracy of these estimates using the wave Doppler shifts observed on inbound/outbound passes of Active Magnetospheric Particle Tracer Explorers CCE [Anderson et al, 1989]. Dayside broadband FLR events can have radial scale lengths significantly shorter than their overall widths, suggesting they may possess several radial amplitude nodes and antinodes. Further, we examine the Kelvin-Helmholtz (KH) stability of FLRs due to their azimuthal velocity shear. We estimate a FLR toroidal velocity threshold, for particular ∑p, beyond which the KH growth rate is sufficiently large to disrupt the FLR. For typical magnetospheric conditions, FLRs are not likely to be disrupted by driving secondary KH vortices. For large-amplitude FLRs in regions of high ∑p, however, it may be possible for FLRs to be disrupted by the KH instability and to develop into large-scale KH vortices. We further speculate on the possible link between auroral zone FLR internal radial scales and the observed optical widths of discrete auroral arcs.
A target distribution model for nonparametric density estimation

In this paper a model is proposed which represents a wide class of continuous distributions. It is shown how the parameters of this model can be estimated leading to a distribution estimator and a corresponding density estimator. An important property of this estimator is that it can be structured to reflect a priori knowledge of the unknown distribution. Finally, some examples are shown and some comparisons made with kernel and orthogonal series estimators.
Planar shock cylindrical focusing by a perfect-gas lens

We document a gas lensing technique that generates a converging shock wave in a two-dimensional wedge geometry. A successful design must satisfy three criteria at the contact point between the gas lens and the wedge leading edge to minimize nonlinear reflected and other wave effects. The result is a single-point solution in a multidimensional parameter space. The gas lens shape is computed using shock-polar analysis for regular refraction of the incident shock at the gas lens interface. For the range of parameters investigated, the required gas-lens interface is closely matched by an ellipse or hyperbola. Nonlinear Euler simulations confirm the analysis and that the transmitted shock is circular. As the converging transmitted shock propagates down the wedge, its shape remains nearly uniform with less than 0.1% peak departures from a perfect circular cylinder segment. Departure from the design criteria leads to converging shocks that depart from the required shape. The sensitivity to incident shock Mach number, as well as the qualitative effects of the presence of boundary layers are also discussed.
Tunable spin-splitting and spin-resolved ballistic transport in GaAs/AlGaAs two-dimensional holes

We report quantitative experimental and theoretical results revealing the tunability of spin splitting in high-mobility two-dimensional GaAs hole systems, confined to either a square or a triangular quantum well, via the application of a surface-gate bias. The spin splitting depends on both the hole density and the symmetry of the confinement potential and is largest for the highest densities in asymmetric potentials. In the triangular well, when the spin splitting is sufficiently large, our measured commensurability oscillations, induced by a one-dimensional periodic potential, exhibit two frequencies providing clear evidence for spin-resolved ballistic transport.
Three-Species Predator–Prey Stochastic Delayed Model Driven by Lévy Jumps and with Cooperation among Prey Species

Our study focuses on analyzing the behavior of a stochastic predator–prey model with a time delay and logistic growth of prey, influenced by Lévy noise. Initially, we establish the existence, uniqueness, and boundedness of a positive solution that spans globally. Subsequently, we explore the conditions under which extinction occurs, and identify adequate criteria for persistence. Finally, we validate our theoretical findings through numerical simulations, which also helps illustrate the dynamics of the stochastic delayed predator–prey model based on different criteria.
Group $\mathrm{L}_{1/2}$ Regularization for Filter Pruning of Convolutional Neural Networks

Group regularization method has been widely used for structured pruning of convolutional neural networks (CNNs). While the group lasso (GL) regularization can impose group level sparsity on redundant filters, it cannot impose strong sparsity on the redundant weights in the retained filters. This leads to the low weight sparsity of the retained filters and the inability to prune the retained filters with few redundant nonzero weights. In this paper, the group $\mathbf{L}_{\mathbf{1}/\mathbf{2}}$ regularization $(\mathbf{GL}_{\mathbf{1}/\mathbf{2}})$ is introduced into the loss function for pruning not only the redundant filters but also the redundant weights of the retained filters. The numerical experiments show that $\mathbf{GL}_{\mathbf{1}/\mathbf{2}}$ can obtain better pruning performance with comparable to even better accuracy performance than GL. In addition, the empirical analysis in terms of regularization loss shows that $\mathbf{GL}_{\mathbf{1}/\mathbf{2}}$ possesses more powerful punishment ability than GL.
NbN Films Prepared by Magnetron Sputtering

NbN films on sapphire or copper substrates have been prepared by magnetron sputtering in argon-nitrogen atmospheres. The highest transition temperature, Tc=15.7 K, was achieved with a film sputtered on a sapphire substrate at a substrate temperature Ts=800°C and a partial nitrogen pressure PN2 =5×10-3 Torr. Uniform films with transition width narrower than 0.4 K were prepared with good reproducibility by this method. A short NbN tape of metallic luster stripped off from the copper substrate still showed a Tc of ∼15 K even after being bent to a radius of curvature as small as 6 mm. These results indicate that magnetron sputtering is useful for preparing NbN films and long NbN tapes.
Finding help for OCD in Australia: development and evaluation of a clinician directory

ABSTRACT Objective People tend to live with obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) for many years before receiving evidence-based treatment. This delay is partly due to a lack of access to information about which healthcare providers offer evidence-based treatment for OCD. This information was not easily accessible online for people in Australia. Methods In this study, we describe how an online directory of clinicians was developed and evaluated. We report on a needs analysis and survey of treatment-seeking histories among consumers and carers impacted by OCD. We describe the key features of the directory developed, and present survey feedback on its usability and utility. Results The results validated the need for a directory specific to clinicians who offer evidence-based treatment for OCD, and that it meets essential usability standards. Areas for improvement and further developments were identified. Conclusion This directory contributes to broader efforts invested to improve the treatment-seeking process for people living with OCD in Australia. KEY POINTS What is already known about this topic: Globally, barriers to access delay appropriate treatment for OCD. One barrier is not knowing who offers evidence-based treatment specific to OCD. In Australia, there is no central source that provides such information. What this topic adds: The delays in treatment reported in Australia are comparable to other countries. We developed a directory of clinicians with a special interest in treating OCD. Consumer feedback suggests the directory will assist the treatment-seeking process.
Plasma Proteomics Unveil Novel Immune Signatures and Biomarkers upon SARS-CoV-2 Infection

Several elements have an impact on COVID-19, including comorbidities, age and sex. To determine the protein profile changes in peripheral blood caused by a SARS-CoV-2 infection, a proximity extension assay was used to quantify 1387 proteins in plasma samples among 28 Finnish patients with COVID-19 with and without comorbidities and their controls. Key immune signatures, including CD4 and CD28, were changed in patients with comorbidities. Importantly, several unreported elevated proteins in patients with COVID-19, such as RBP2 and BST2, which show anti-microbial activity, along with proteins involved in extracellular matrix remodeling, including MATN2 and COL6A3, were identified. RNF41 was downregulated in patients compared to healthy controls. Our study demonstrates that SARS-CoV-2 infection causes distinct plasma protein changes in the presence of comorbidities despite the interpatient heterogeneity, and several novel potential biomarkers associated with a SARS-CoV-2 infection alone and in the presence of comorbidities were identified. Protein changes linked to the generation of SARS-CoV-2-specific antibodies, long-term effects and potential association with post-COVID-19 condition were revealed. Further study to characterize the identified plasma protein changes from larger cohorts with more diverse ethnicities of patients with COVID-19 combined with functional studies will facilitate the identification of novel diagnostic, prognostic biomarkers and potential therapeutic targets for patients with COVID-19.
On Local and Global Minima in Structural Optimization

Abstract : This paper deals with convexity properties in structural optimization, and with the closely related question of local versus global optima. The problem we investigate is that of minimizing the structural weight subject to constraints on displacements, stresses and natural frequencies. It is assumed that the structure is described by a finite element model, and that the transverse sizes of the elements, e.g. thicknesses of membrane plates, are the design variables. This implies that both the objective function, i.e. the weight, and the structural stiffness matrix depend linearly on the design variables. The constraint functions, however, become nonlinear and they may in the general case give rise to a nonconvex feasible region in the design space. Then there is a risk that a local, but not global, minimum is attained when any of the various existing methods for numerically solving the problem is applied. This fact is illustrated by examples of nonconvex problems. However, there are some special cases where the feasible region always becomes convex, so that, due to the linearity of the objective function, each local optimum is in fact also a global one.
An introduction to frames and Riesz bases

Frames in Finite-dimensional Inner Product Spaces. - Infinite-dimensional Vector Spaces and Sequences. - Bases. - Bases and their Limitations. - Frames in Hilbert Spaces. - Tight Frames and Dual Frame Pairs. - Frames versus Riesz Bases. - Selected Topics in Frame Theory. - Frames of Translates. - Shift-Invariant Systems in l2(R). - Gabor Frames in L2(R). - Gabor Frames and Duality. - Selected Topics on Gabor Frames. - Gabor Frames in â 2(Z),L2(0,L),CL. - General Wavelet Frames in L2(R). - Dyadic Wavelet Frames for L2(R). - Frame Multiresolution Analysis. - Wavelet Frames via Extension Principles. - Selected Topics on Wavelet Frames. - Generalized Shift-Invariant Systems in L2(Rd). - Frames on Locally Compact Abelian Groups. - Perturbation of Frames. - Approximation of the Inverse Frame Operator. - Expansions in Banach Spaces. Appendix.
The EBV Gastric Cancer Resource (EBV-GCR): A Suite of Tools for Investigating EBV-Associated Human Gastric Carcinogenesis

Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) causes lifelong infection in over 90% of the world’s population. EBV infection leads to several types of B cell and epithelial cancers due to the viral reprogramming of host-cell growth and gene expression. EBV is associated with 10% of stomach/gastric adenocarcinomas (EBVaGCs), which have distinct molecular, pathological, and immunological characteristics compared to EBV-negative gastric adenocarcinomas (EBVnGCs). Publicly available datasets, such as The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA), contain comprehensive transcriptomic, genomic, and epigenomic data for thousands of primary human cancer samples, including EBVaGCs. Additionally, single-cell RNA-sequencing data are becoming available for EBVaGCs. These resources provide a unique opportunity to explore the role of EBV in human carcinogenesis, as well as differences between EBVaGCs and their EBVnGC counterparts. We have constructed a suite of web-based tools called the EBV Gastric Cancer Resource (EBV-GCR), which utilizes TCGA and single-cell RNA-seq data and can be used for research related to EBVaGCs. These web-based tools allow investigators to gain in-depth biological and clinical insights by exploring the effects of EBV on cellular gene expression, associations with patient outcomes, immune landscape features, and differential gene methylation, featuring both whole-tissue and single-cell analyses.
The Design of a Novel Hardware Trojan without Inactive Signal for AES

Research on hardware Trojans (HTs) has become one of the hot spots for IC industry. The hardware Trojans relying on rare switching signals may be detected by switch probability analysis detections. Therefore, when designing a stealthy hardware Trojan, adversary should consider how to defeat these Trojan detections. In this paper, we have implemented a hardware Trojan which don't use or generate rare switching signals, to extract the key from an Advanced Encryption Standard (AES) circuit. To achieve this objective, we designed Trojan registers in trigger part and used product of sum scheme in payload part. The least active signal in the Trojan has a higher switch probability than 50.7% of the signals of the original AES circuit. Compared with counter and LFSR, the Trojan registers have better performance in eliminating rare switching signals.
Accelerating Density Functional Calculation of Adatom Adsorption on Graphene via Machine Learning

Graphene has attracted significant interest due to its unique properties. Herein, we built an adsorption structure selection workflow based on a density functional theory (DFT) calculation and machine learning to provide a guide for the interfacial properties of graphene. There are two main parts in our workflow. One main part is a DFT calculation routine to generate a dataset automatically. This part includes adatom random selection, modeling adsorption structures automatically, and a calculation of adsorption properties. It provides the dataset for the second main part in our workflow, which is a machine learning model. The inputs are atomic characteristics selected by feature engineering, and the network features are optimized by a genetic algorithm. The mean percentage error of our model was below 35%. Our routine is a general DFT calculation accelerating routine, which could be applied to many other problems. An attempt on graphene/magnesium composites design was carried out. Our predicting results match well with the interfacial properties calculated by DFT. This indicated that our routine presents an option for quick-design graphene-reinforced metal matrix composites.
Two God-Kings, Two Skulls: Artificial Cranial Deformation in Akhenaten of Egypt and Khingila of the Huns

Separated by half a continent and over 1800 years, Akhenaten, the “Heretic Pharaoh” of Egypt, and Khingila, “The God-King” of the Alchon Huns, had a great deal in common. Both rulers laid claim to divinity, labeling themselves as gods amongst men, and both are represented in their official imagery with unusually shaped skulls consistent in appearance with artificial cranial deformation (ACD) performed upon them soon after birth. This article compares the evidence - including the KV55 mummy, likely the remains of Akhenaten himself - between the two God-Kings and determines that Khingila almost certainly possessed an annular erect ACD consistent with the wider Hun culture. Akhenaten’s ACD in his state-sponsored imagery was likely solely an artistic choice meant to emphasize his oneness with the divine. In both men, their represented ACD was ultimately intended to solidify their power through two different avenues. For Khingila, it was to emphasize a common ethnic and cultural heritage with his subjects. For Akhenaten, it was meant to set the pharaoh even further apart from the rest of humanity.
First Application of the Orbeye™ 4K 3D Exoscope in Recurrent Papillary Thyroid Cancer Surgery

Reoperation for recurrent papillary thyroid cancer (RPTC) is much more complex than primary surgery is, with a higher rate of complications. We describe, for the first time, the use of the Orbeye™ surgical microscope/exoscope for the treatment of RPTC with lymphadenectomy. This system offers 4K, three-dimensional magnified and illuminated imaging without the need for eyepieces. Magnification of the field of view facilitates a more precise dissection, preserving the anatomical structure. Currently, the Orbeye™ is regularly used in neurosurgery; however, its potential in conventional open surgery has not yet been fully exploited. Owing to its magnification capacity, the Orbeye™ exoscope is a valuable tool to help surgeons identify and preserve the integrity of the recurrent laryngeal nerves and parathyroids during thyroid surgery.
Infrared-RGB Image Registration for Power Thermal Fault Detection Based on Gradient Hash Matching

Infrared-RGB image registration plays an important role in thermal fault detection for monitoring transformer substation, because infrared thermal (IT) image can detect temperature difference information between normal and fault power equipment, and RGB image can detect detail information. But some challenges exist due to different representation of pixels in IT and RGB images. To solve these problems, a new gradient hash matching (GHM) model is proposed. First, image patches for IT and RGB images can be obtained, and thermal fault patch can be found in IT image. Then, pixel character can be described by horizontal and vertical gradient in all image patches. Third, discrete cosine transform (DCT) is used to turn patches from spatial domain to frequency domain. After extracting main character information in frequency domain for IT and RGB images, Hamming distance can be computed between corresponding patches. The proposed algorithm was tested on more than 20 patches of actual images for power equipment of transformer substation, which shows GHM algorithm can obtain correct matching in real scenes.
Stata command ‘XTHYBRID: Stata module to estimate hybrid and correlated random effect (Mundlak) models within the framework of generalized linear mixed models (GLMM)

xthybrid estimates generalized linear mixed models that split the effects of cluster-varying covariates on the outcome variable into within-cluster and between-cluster effects. xthybrid can fit hybrid models (Allison 2009) as well as correlated random effect models (Mundlak 1978). The xthybrid routine is an expansion of the mundlak command. Unlike the latter, it enables the estimation of generalized linear mixed models using any feasible permutation of distributions (Gaussian, Bernoulli, Gamma, Negative binomial, Ordinal, Poisson) and link functions (Identity, Log, Logit, Probit, Cloglog). These permutations can be used to approximate fixed effect estimates for specifications in which a fixed effect estimator is not available or has not been implemented in Stata (e.g. probit models, ordered probit models, ordered logit models, or negative binomial models).
The Ultraviolet Calibration of the Hubble Space Telescope. IV. Absolute IUE Fluxes of Hubble Space Telescope Standard Stars

Les flux UV absolus de 37 etoiles (34 chaudes et 3 froides), selectionnees comme standard de calibration pour le telescope spatial Hubble, determines a partir d'observations du satellite IUE sont presentes. De nouvelles calibrations absolues sont determinees pour les cameras SWP et LWR du satellite IUE pour les sources ponctuelles observees avec une grande ouverture.
Granular L10 FePt:TiO2 (001) nanocomposite thin films with 5nm grains for high density magnetic recording

FePt:TiO2 (001) thin films were deposited on CrRu∕MgO underlayers by dc magnetron cosputtering. The effects of TiO2 content on microstructure and magnetic properties of the epitaxial FePt (001) films were studied. Experimental results showed that even with 20vol% TiO2 doping, FePt films could keep a (001) preferred orientation and perpendicular anisotropy. The FePt:TiO2 (001) film with 5nm grain size, adjustable coercivity, and reduced exchange coupling was obtained by doping 20vol% TiO2 into FePt film, showing great potential as low noise ultrahigh density perpendicular magnetic recording media.