Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The tulving-wiseman law and recognition failure of recognisable words

Abstract All the data that contribute to the recognition failure function discovered by Tulving and Wiseman (1975) come from experimental conditions in which B items are studied alongside A items that are omitted from a recognition test but are presented as cues in a subsequent recall test. According to a contextual account of this function, and of exceptions to it, data approximate the function whenever the A items in the recall test provide different contextual information to that provided by the B items in the recognition test. In line with this account, three experiments show that data also approximate the function when, following a recognition test involving only the B items, the A items are presented alongside the B items in a second recognition test. The third experiment further shows that data diverge from the function under similar conditions to those that have previously been shown to produce an exception to the function when the second test is cued recall; namely, conditions under which the A i.
EYE MOVEMENT PREDICTIONS ENHANCED BY SACCADE DETECTION

We present a model for predicting eye movements of an observer viewing dynamic scenes. Supervised-learning techniques are used to tune the model for a particular observer. The approach builds on earlier work [3], adding a saccade detector that is used to switch between two di(cid:11)erent algorithms for saccade and inter-saccade prediction, respectively. This separation yields a signi(cid:12)cant improvement in prediction quality. The predictor for saccade targets operates on a list of salient locations. These are obtained by evaluating the intrinsic dimension of the image using the structure tensor. Prediction of eye movements between two saccades uses a model that operates on a limited history of locations attended in the past. Both models learn by minimizing the quadratic prediction error using gradient descent. Our work is motivated by applications that involve gaze-contingent interactive displays on which information is displayed as a function of gaze direction. The approach therefore di(cid:11)ers from standard approaches in two ways: (i) we deal with dynamic scenes, and (ii) we provide means for adapting the model to a particular observer.
Polyunsaturated fatty acids and gene expression

Purpose of reviewThis review focuses on the effect(s) of n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids on gene transcription as determined by data generated using cDNA microarrays. Introduced within the past decade, this methodology allows detection of the expression of thousands of genes simultaneously and, hence, is a potentially powerful tool for studying the regulation of physiological mechanisms that are triggered or inhibited by nutrients. Recent findingsRecent data generated with cDNA microarrays not only confirm the effects of n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids on regulation of lipolytic and lipogenic gene expression as determined by more traditional methods but also emphasize the tissue specificity of this regulation. cDNA microarray experiments also have expanded our understanding of the role of n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids in regulation of expression of genes involved in many other pathways. These include: oxidative stress response and antioxidant capacity; cell proliferation; cell growth and apoptosis; cell signaling and cell transduction. SummaryThe cDNA microarray studies published to date show clearly that n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids, usually provided as fish oil, modulate expression of a number of genes with such broad functions as DNA binding, transcriptional regulation, transport, cell adhesion, cell proliferation, and membrane localization. These effects, in turn, may significantly modify cell function, development and/or maturation.
Test Set Enrichment using a Probabilistic Fault Model and the Theory of Output Deviations

We present a probabilistic fault model that allows any number of gates in an integrated circuit to fail probabilistically. Tests for this fault model, determined using the theory of output deviations, can be used to supplement tests for classical fault models, thereby increasing test quality and reducing the probability of test escape. Output deviations can also be used for test selection, whereby the most effective test patterns can be selected from large test sets during time-constrained and high-volume production testing. Experimental results are presented to evaluate the effectiveness of patterns with high output deviations for the single stuck-at and bridging fault models
Les voyelles nasales en français du québec

This article summarizes but a segment of long term ongoing research on the phonological system of French from Quebec. The particular point discussed here concerns the nasal vowels, namely //, //, // and //. In order to assess the present day situation concerning these phonemes, a detailed phonological and phonetical survey (generating 4,240 vowels) was conducted on a population of 40 students attending Laval University in Quebec City. Four different kinds of analyses were conducted : a study of the functional load of the phonemes on the basis of their occurrences in free speaking interviews ; an examination of the relationship between speaker behaviour and speaker attitude ; a statistical analysis, using a variationist model, establishing the relative weight of 13 functional and structural variables on the catalysis of particular changes (diphthongization, closure, and fronting) occurring in this vocalic sub-system ; and finally, an acoustic description of the main phonetic variants of these phonemes of Quebec French, principally in terms of their duration and formantic structure.
A Case Study Using the CAN Automotive Bus

COMMUNICATION MODELING A Case Study Using the CAN Automotive Bus Gunar Schirner and Rainer Dömer Center for Embedded Computer Systems University of California Irvine hschirne@uci.edu, doemer@uci.edu Abstract Communication modeling is a critical issue in specifying SoCs. It is needed for accurately predicting the timing behavior of the system. Fast simulation capabilities are a key in this environment, for coping with the complex design choices during the specification process. Recently, Transaction Level Models (TLM) have been proposed to speedup communication simulation at the cost of accuracy. This paper reports on a case study, where an automotive communications protocol, the Controller Area Network (CAN), has been captured at different levels of abstraction, where specific features of the protocol, such as bit stuffing, are reflected in the model, or abstracted away. The resulting models have been measured in an experimental setup in terms of performance and accuracy. The paper will analyze the results and evaluate the benefits and drawbacks of these TLM and pin-accurate models. In conclusion it will be shown for which applications the models are suitable, with respect to their speed/accuracy trade off.Communication modeling is a critical issue in specifying SoCs. It is needed for accurately predicting the timing behavior of the system. Fast simulation capabilities are a key in this environment, for coping with the complex design choices during the specification process. Recently, Transaction Level Models (TLM) have been proposed to speedup communication simulation at the cost of accuracy. This paper reports on a case study, where an automotive communications protocol, the Controller Area Network (CAN), has been captured at different levels of abstraction, where specific features of the protocol, such as bit stuffing, are reflected in the model, or abstracted away. The resulting models have been measured in an experimental setup in terms of performance and accuracy. The paper will analyze the results and evaluate the benefits and drawbacks of these TLM and pin-accurate models. In conclusion it will be shown for which applications the models are suitable, with respect to their speed/accuracy trade off.
‘Food is culture, but it's also power’: the role of food in ethnic and gender identity construction among Goan Canadian women

Foodwork and women's primary responsibility for foodwork have long been interpreted by feminist scholars as a site of gender oppression for women; yet the gendered meanings of foodwork are complicated when race, diaspora and ethnic identity are also taken into account. This article examines the meaning of food and foodwork for Goan women in Toronto, Canada, and the role of food in creating and maintaining distinctly gendered ethnic identities. Catholic Goan identity, born from Portuguese colonization of an area in what is now Western India, has few unique markers of ethnic distinction from other Indians. In this context Goan cuisine takes on a particular symbolic significance. In this qualitative study with first-generation Canadian Goan women (N = 13) the gendered role of women in foodwork was seen as having particular power or ‘currency’ within the family and community, valued for fostering and supporting Goan identity. We argue that the same foodwork practices that constitute gendered oppression for women may simultaneously confer a form of ‘culinary capital’ within the social arena of their own diasporic community.
Estimation and Inference with Weak, Semi-Strong, and Strong Identification

This paper analyzes the properties of standard estimators, tests, and confidence sets (CS's) for parameters that are unidentified or weakly identified in some parts of the parameter space. The paper also introduces methods to make the tests and CS's robust to such identification problems. The results apply to a class of extremum estimators and corresponding tests and CS's that are based on criterion functions that satisfy certain asymptotic stochastic quadratic expansions and that depend on the parameter that determines the strength of identification. This covers a class of models estimated using maximum likelihood (ML), least squares (LS), quantile, generalized method of moments (GMM), generalized empirical likelihood (GEL), minimum distance (MD), and semi-parametric estimators. The consistency/lack-of-consistency and asymptotic distributions of the estimators are established under a full range of drifting sequences of true distributions. The asymptotic sizes (in a uniform sense) of standard and identification-robust tests and CS's are established. The results are applied to the ARMA(1, 1) time series model estimated by ML and to the nonlinear regression model estimated by LS. In companion papers the results are applied to a number of other models.
Users and information technology: analysis of task information fit model

The objective of information technologies is multifold including many ranging from collection to presenting vital information for decision makers. It is more valuable to design systems that suits better the information requirements of the business than a tightly integrated one. This paper combines task and information characteristics at conceptual level from business management perspective. We propose a task information fit (TIF) model, which addresses the user acceptance of information systems by means of information quality provided. The model is applied and validated on a case study, which demonstrated the effect of power users on product development and user acceptance in correlation with TIF model.
Examining late-life functional limitation trajectories and their associations with underlying onset, recovery, and mortality.

OBJECTIVES Identify common trajectories of physical functional limitation and mortality among Taiwanese 50 and older as they age, link these to underlying transitions in onset, recovery, and mortality, and assess associations between trajectories and a set of risk factors. METHOD Longitudinal data from 4 waves of the Survey of Health and Living Status of the Middle-Aged and Elderly in Taiwan, collected between 1996 and 2007, are analyzed using a summary measure indicating difficulty with one or more of 7 physical functions. A group-based trajectory model identifies common trajectories. Shorter term transition probabilities that underlie multiperiod trajectories are examined. Multinomial regression associates risk factors with trajectory group membership. RESULTS Best fitting the data is a model with 3 groups characterized as early, mid, and late onset of limitation. Roughly half the population follows the trajectory of mid onset and a quarter each of the other 2. Females and those least educated are most likely to belong to the early-onset group. DISCUSSION The analysis advances understanding of late-life functioning by focusing on the heterogeneity of functional limitation experience, appropriately accounting for the relation between functional limitation and mortality and linking long-term patterns with short-term changes in functional limitation.
Jacques Durand, Generative and non-linear phonology. (Longman Linguistics Library.) London & New York: Longman, 1990. Pp. xiii + 337.

The subject matter of this book covers both so-called classical or orthodox Generative Phonology, as represented by the 'monumental' (1) The sound pattern of English (SPE = Chomsky & Halle, 1968), and important subsequent developments within what might be called (from an 'Atlantic' point of view) mainstream linguistics, with MIT as the dominant centre. Only Durand's last chapter, covering Dependency Phonology, lies on the edge of the main stream. This peripherality can be seen in the asymmetric distribution of references, with Dependency Phonology making many references to Metrical, Autosegmental or Lexical Phonology, while there are very few in the opposite direction as far as I can judge. The book thus covers what might be called the SPE tradition, and in general the basic claims and premises of this tradition are not questioned. In agreement with the title, Durand lays emphasis on the 'non-linear' offsprings of SPEWks Metrical and Autosegmental Phonology; of course, 'non-linear' here means 'not-only-linear', since linearity still plays a crucial part in the representations. Phonology outside this tradition is only treated in passing or not at all. There is little or no discussion of the different kinds of 'natural' phonology (not to be confused with 'Natural Generative Phonology' represented by Hooper (1976) and discussed by Durand on pages 134-150), nor of the semiotically based phonology proposed by Henning Andersen and others — developing the work of Roman Jakobson — just to mention two important examples. But within the trends which Durand has decided to cover, the treatment is fair and adequate. The argumentation is in general detailed and clear, and well illustrated with examples, including Durand's own material on Midi French. The bibliography is comprehensive and relevant, and seems to be up to date.
Connexin 43 Mediates the Tangential to Radial Migratory Switch in Ventrally Derived Cortical Interneurons

The adult cerebral cortex is composed of excitatory and inhibitory neurons that arise from progenitor cells in disparate proliferative regions in the developing brain and follow different migratory paths. Excitatory pyramidal neurons originate near the ventricle and migrate radially to their position in the cortical plate along radial glial fibers. On the other hand, inhibitory interneurons arise in the ventral telencephalon and migrate tangentially to enter the developing cortex before migrating radially to reach their correct laminar position. Gap junction adhesion has been shown to play an important mechanistic role in the radial migration of excitatory neurons. We asked whether a similar mechanism governs the tangential or radial migration of inhibitory interneurons. Using short hairpin RNA knockdown of Connexin 43 (Cx43) and Cx26 together with rescue experiments, we found that gap junctions are dispensable for the tangential migration of interneurons, but that Cx43 plays a role in the switch from tangential to radial migration that allows interneurons to enter the cortical plate and find their correct laminar position. Moreover this action is dependent on the adhesive properties and the C terminus of Cx43 but not the Cx43 channel. Thus, the radial phase of interneuron migration resembles that of excitatory neuron migration in terms of dependence on Cx43 adhesion. Furthermore, gap junctions between migrating interneurons and radial processes were observed by electron microscopy. These findings provide mechanistic and structural support for a gap junction-mediated interaction between migrating interneurons and radial glia during the switch from tangential to radial migration.
UNIX security in a supercomputing environment

The UNIX@@@@ operating system is designed for collaborative work and not for security. Vendors have modified this operating system (in some cases, radically) to provide levels of security acceptable to their customers, but the versions used in supercomputing environments would benefit from enhancements present in so-called secure versions. This paper discusses the need for security in a supercomputing environment and suggests modifications to the UNIX operating system that would decrease the vulnerability of those sites to attacks. Among the issues are additional auditing controls, changes to network programs, improved user authentication, and better application of the principle of least privilege.
Estrogen enhances baroreflex control of heart rate in conscious ovariectomized rats.

In previous studies, we have shown that the baroreflex control of heart rate is significantly attenuated in females compared with age-matched males. This study investigated the role of estrogen in the modulation of baroreflex function in conscious unrestrained rats. Baroreflex-mediated decreases in heart rate in response to increments in blood pressure evoked by phenylephrine were evaluated in conscious freely moving male and female Sprague-Dawley rats as well as in ovariectomized rats. The effect of a 2-day 17 beta-estradiol (50 micrograms.kg-1.day-1, s.c.) or vehicle treatment on baroreflex sensitivity was investigated in ovariectomized rats. Intravenous bolus doses of phenylephrine (1-16 micrograms/kg) elicited dose-dependent pressor and bradycardic responses in all groups of rats. Regression analysis of the baroreflex curves relating increments in blood pressure to the associated heart rate responses revealed a significantly (p < 0.05) smaller baroreflex sensitivity in female compared with male rats (-1.22 +/- 0.07 and -1.85 +/- 0.15 beats.min-1.mmHg-1, respectively), suggesting an attenuated baroreflex function in females. In age-matched ovariectomized rats, baroreflex sensitivity showed further reduction (-0.93 +/- 0.02 beats.min-1.mmHg-1). Treatment of ovariectomized rats with 17 beta-estradiol significantly (p < 0.05) enhanced the baroreflex sensitivity (-1.41 +/- 0.16 beats.min-1.mmHg-1) to a level that was slightly higher than that of sham-operated female rats. Furthermore, baroreflex sensitivity of ovariectomized estradiol-treated rats was not significantly different from that of age-matched male rats. The vehicle, on the other hand, had no effect on baroreflex sensitivity of ovariectomized rats. These data support our earlier findings that sexual dimorphism exists in baroreflex control of heart rate. More importantly, the present study provides experimental evidence that suggests a facilitatory role for estrogen in the modulation of baroreflex function.
Modeling depth from motion parallax with the motion/pursuit ratio

The perception of unambiguous scaled depth from motion parallax relies on both retinal image motion and an extra-retinal pursuit eye movement signal. The motion/pursuit ratio represents a dynamic geometric model linking these two proximal cues to the ratio of depth to viewing distance. An important step in understanding the visual mechanisms serving the perception of depth from motion parallax is to determine the relationship between these stimulus parameters and empirically determined perceived depth magnitude. Observers compared perceived depth magnitude of dynamic motion parallax stimuli to static binocular disparity comparison stimuli at three different viewing distances, in both head-moving and head-stationary conditions. A stereo-viewing system provided ocular separation for stereo stimuli and monocular viewing of parallax stimuli. For each motion parallax stimulus, a point of subjective equality (PSE) was estimated for the amount of binocular disparity that generates the equivalent magnitude of perceived depth from motion parallax. Similar to previous results, perceived depth from motion parallax had significant foreshortening. Head-moving conditions produced even greater foreshortening due to the differences in the compensatory eye movement signal. An empirical version of the motion/pursuit law, termed the empirical motion/pursuit ratio, which models perceived depth magnitude from these stimulus parameters, is proposed.
Isokinetic strength testing in older women: a comparison of two systems.

FUNDING National Institute of Aging; University of Wisconsin Graduate School. Isokinetic equipment is used for measuring muscular strength for both experimental and rehabilitative purposes. In this study two LIDO(R) isokinetic dynamometer systems, the LIDO-digital and the LIDO-active, were compared at 60, 180, 240, and 300 degrees /see for peak torque (PT) and average work output (WO) of knee flexion and extension. Twenty-five elderly women (age range = 65-86) were tested on both systems within seven days. The data were compared by using a repeated measures ANOVA followed by a Dunn-Bonferroni posthoc comparison (p </= .0125). Knee flexion PT was significantly different (p </= .0125) at all angular velocities tested. Knee extension PT was significantly different (p </= .0125) at all speeds except 180 degrees /sec. Knee flexion WO was significantly different (p </= .0125) at all angular velocities except 60 degrees /sec; whereas, knee extension WO was not significantly different. The data indicate that for healthy women over 65, these two systems are not totally comparable for knee extension and flexion. Therefore, in both clinical and experimental settings, caution should be taken when comparing results across systems or when comparing patients' results with norms established from data obtained on a different system. J Orthop Sports Phys Ther 1991;13(4):199-202.
The Comparative Performance of Alternative Out-of-sample Predictability Tests with Non-linear Models

There is a vast literature that has been focusing on testing the forecasting performance of various models. The most commonly used measure for forecasting is the mean squared prediction error, and tests for equal predictability of two non-nested linear models, introduced by Diebold and Mariano (1995) and West (1996), (DMW test) are most often used. More recent studies have developed inference procedures for testing the null of equal predictability when two linear models are nested (Clark and West (2006, 2007)) (CW test). We study the power and size properties of the DMW and CW tests with nonlinear models (SETAR, BAND-TAR and ESTAR) commonly used to forecast series such as real GDP and real exchange rates. In order to compare the various tests for equal predictability, we perform a Monte Carlo study with the generated data containing different degrees of persistence, various sample size, multi stepforecasts and different forecast windows. Our main conclusion is that Clark and West test is appropriately sized and has good power properties when applied to nonlinear models.