Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
A DSL Approach to Reconcile Equivalent Divergent Program Executions

Multi-Version Execution (MVE) deploys multiple versions of the same program, typically synchronizing their execution at the level of system calls. By default, MVE requires all deployed versions to issue the same sequence of system calls, which limits the types of versions which can be deployed. In this paper, we propose a Domain-Specific Language (DSL) to reconcile expected divergences between different program versions deployed through MVE. We evaluate the DSL by adding it to an existing MVE system (Varan) and testing it via three scenarios: (1) deploying the same program under different configurations, (2) deploying different releases of the same program, and (3) deploying dynamic analyses in parallel with the native execution. We also present an algorithm to automatically extract DSL rules from pairs of system call traces. Our results show that each scenario requires a small number of simple rules (at most 14 rules in each case) and that writing DSL rules can be partially automated.
The aryl hydrocarbon receptor in inflammatory bowel disease: linking the environment to disease pathogenesis

Purpose of review The aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR), a transcription factor activated by a large number of environmental agents, modulates the activity of immune and nonimmune cells in the gut, and may represent an important link between the environment and the immune perturbations which underlie the pathogenesis of inflammatory bowel disease. This review will summarize the current knowledge of the role of AhR in regulation of intestinal immune homeostasis and inflammation. Recent findings Activation of AhR by dietary ligands is necessary for the maintenance or expansion of innate immune cells in the gut, such as intraepithelial lymphocytes (IELs) and interleukin (IL)-22-producing lymphoid cells (ILC22). AhR-deficient mice lack IELs, have reduced number of ILC22 cells, and are more susceptible to bacterial infections and experimental colitis. In animal models, AhR activators inhibit proinflammatory cytokine synthesis and attenuate colitis by a pathway that involves IL-22. Analysis of AhR in the human gut reveals that intestinal T cells and natural killer cells isolated from Crohn's disease patients express low levels of AhR and respond to AhR ligands by downregulating inflammatory cytokines and upregulating IL-22. Summary These novel findings may help explain how environmental factors may regulate mucosal immune responses.
Metabolic oxidation of pyruvate and lactate during early myocardial reperfusion.

We have previously described the rates of oxidation for long-chain fatty acids and glucose in stunned myocardium during early reflow after moderately severe regional ischemia. The purpose of these studies was to characterize the rates of pyruvate and lactate oxidation during comparable periods of reflow. In the main protocol, pyruvate oxidation was defined at two conditions of coronary flow and at two levels of fatty acids in the coronary perfusate. Twenty animals were prepared using the extracorporeally perfused, working swine heart model. In five control (group 1) hearts, flow in the left anterior descending coronary artery was maintained at aerobic levels during a 115-minute perfusion trial. In 15 hearts (groups 2 and 3), flow was held at aerobic levels for 30 minutes, reduced acutely by 60% for 45 minutes, and restored again to aerobic levels for the final 40-minute reflow. In the five control hearts and in 10 of the reperfused hearts (group 2), 20% Intralipid (KabiVitrum, Alameda, California) with heparin was infused to raise serum fatty acids to an average of 0.95 +/- 0.08 mumol/ml, whereas in the five remaining nonsupplemented group 3 hearts, serum levels of fatty acids were 0.49 +/- 0.10 mumol/ml. Ischemia in supplemented and nonsupplemented hearts caused a decline in regional mechanical performance (-40 delta % and -39 delta % below aerobic values in active shortening) that failed to recover completely (-16 delta % and -25 delta % below aerobic values in active shortening) during reflow. (ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Who steers the ship? Rural family physicians’ views on collaborative care models for patients with dementia

Little is known about the views of rural family physicians (FPs) regarding collaborative care models for patients with dementia. The study aims were to explore FPs’ views regarding this issue, their role in providing dementia care, and the implications of providing dementia care in a rural setting. This study employed an exploratory qualitative design with a sample of 15 FPs. All rural FPs indicated acceptance of collaborative models. The main disadvantages of practicing rural were accessing urban-based health care and related services and a shortage of local health care resources. The primary benefit of practicing rural was FPs’ social proximity to patients, families, and some health care workers. Rural FPs provided care for patients with dementia that took into account the emotional and practical needs of caregivers and families. FPs described positive and negative implications of rural dementia care, and all were receptive to models of care that included other health care professionals.
Glucocorticoids Regulate Transcription of the Gene for Phosphoenolpyruvate Carboxykinase in the Liver via an Extended Glucocorticoid Regulatory Unit*

The hepatic transcriptional regulation by glucocorticoids of the cytosolic form of phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase (PEPCK-C) gene is coordinated by interactions of specific transcription factors at the glucocorticoid regulatory unit (GRU). We propose an extended GRU that consists of four accessory sites, two proximal AF1 and AF2 sites and their distal counterpart dAF1 (–993) and a new site, dAF2 (–1365); together, these four sites form a palindrome. Sequencing and gel shift binding assays of hepatic nuclear proteins interacting with these sites indicated similarity of dAF1 and dAF2 sites to the GRU proximal AF1 and AF2 sites. Chromatin immunoprecipitation assays demonstrated that glucocorticoids enhanced the binding of FOXO1 and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-α to AF2 and dAF2 sites and not to dAF1 site but enhanced the binding of hepatic nuclear transcription factor-4α only to the dAF1 site. Insulin inhibited the binding of these factors to their respective sites but intensified the binding of phosphorylated FOXO1. Transient transfections in HepG2 human hepatoma cells showed that glucocorticoid receptor interacts with several non-steroid nuclear receptors, yielding a synergistic response of the PEPCK-C gene promoter to glucocorticoids. The synergistic stimulation by glucocorticoid receptor together with peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-α or hepatic nuclear transcription factor-4α requires all four accessory sites, i.e. a mutation of each of these markedly affects the synergistic response. Mice with a targeted mutation of the dAF1 site confirmed this requirement. This mutation inhibited the full response of hepatic PEPCK-C gene to diabetes by reducing PEPCK-C mRNA level by 3.5-fold and the level of circulating glucose by 25%.
DECENTRALISATION AS AN INCENTIVE SCHEME

Recent changes have introduced more decentralization in a number of traditionally centralized countries.1 In the case of France, it is sometimes claimed that the 1982-1983 reform of subcentral government is of historical importance. Although the principles of that reform are not contested any more by the new majority elected in 1986, opinions still differ on a number of policy issues. Some of the issues are presented in this introductory section. But the main purpose of this paper is not to expose or discuss in detail the problems of decentralization in France. As argued in the second part of the introductory section, the theoretical framework in which the policy issues of decentralization are usually discussed by economists is somewhat unsatisfactory, in particular when applied to unitary states such as Britain or France. The bulk of the paper is devoted to the exploration of a different approach to decentralization. It is not purported however that this approach could completely replace the more traditional one. Consequently, when, in the concluding section, we return briefly to the policy issues identified here, this is to be read as a preliminary attempt to evaluate the relevance of the reasoning developed in the paper.
Comparación de medidas de cambio de productividad. Las aproximaciones de Malmquist y Luenberger en una aplicación al mercado de seguros

The objective of this paper is to present advances in productivity measures through index numbers and indicators, as well as to provide an example centered in the Argentinean insurance sector in recent years. The methodologies to estimate productivity changes by means of Malmquist Indexes and Luenberger Indicators are formally presented, and an empirical comparison is made to illustrate on their theoretical differences. In doing so, information of the insurance market in Argentina is used; the choice of the sector is not casual: its an atomized market, where regulation do not set output, and where it is also flexibility to modify the input mix. Of the results, we can conjecture that: 1) in samples where the variability of the efficiency is high, the approximate comparisons could be affected, and 2) between less efficient units it is hard to make comparisons between indicators.
Activation of a cryptic TACTAAC box in the Saccharomyces cerevisiae actin intron

We constructed a translational fusion between the Saccharomyces cerevisiae actin gene and the Escherichia coli beta-galactosidase structural gene such that expression of beta-galactosidase activity required accurate splicing of the actin intron. Using this chimeric gene, we generated a series of internal deletions which removed the TACTAAC box or, in addition, TACTAAC-like sequences within the intron. Analysis of the fusion transcripts produced in these deletions allowed us to conclude that the TACTAAC-like sequence TACTAAG can substitute, albeit inefficiently, for the authentic TACTAAC box in the splicing process. These results indicate that the yeast splicing machinery can utilize a cryptic TACTAAC box, but there are requirements for primary sequence and proper position.
Asset Ownership and Egalitarian Decision Making in Dual-headed Households in Ecuador

Most studies of household decision making focus on the factors associated with women’s ability to make decisions autonomously. This paper is concerned with egalitarian decision making, defined as where both men and women consider that they themselves make decisions jointly, and where they agree that their spouses participate in decisions in a similar fashion. We offer evidence that in Ecuador women’s command over resources is associated with egalitarian decision making among couples. Women’s share of couples’ wealth is positively and significantly associated with the likelihood of joint decision making regarding their decision to work and to spend income. JEL classification: J16; D13; D31; 054
Yttrium-90 radioembolization of malignant tumors of the liver: gallbladder effects.

OBJECTIVE After (90)Y-microsphere radioembolization for unresectable hepatic neoplasms, the nearby gallbladder is susceptible to radiation-induced cholecystitis, an uncommon complication. The purpose of this study was to characterize the imaging findings after (90)Y radioembolization of the gallbladder and to assess the incidence of clinically significant radiation-induced cholecystitis. MATERIALS AND METHODS Medical records were retrospectively reviewed for cholecystectomy after (90)Y treatment of 133 consecutively registered patients (76 men, 57 women; average age, 65 years). Thirty-four of the patients had primary and 99 had secondary liver neoplasms. The pretreatment and posttreatment cross-sectional images of 85 of the patients were available for review. RESULTS Clinically significant radiation-induced cholecystitis occurred in 1 of the 133 patients (0.8%). After radioembolization, gallbladder imaging abnormalities were found in 84 of 85 patients (99%), but none was associated with clinically significant radiation-induced cholecystitis. CONCLUSION The incidence of clinically significant radiation-induced cholecystitis was only 0.8% despite a high prevalence of gallbladder imaging abnormalities after (90)Y radioembolization. Therefore, in the postinterventional care of patients with abdominal pain after (90)Y radioembolization, even if imaging abnormalities of the gallbladder are identified, cholecystectomy should be reserved for patients in whom other causes of pain have been excluded.
Cellular Manufacturing at Champion Irrigation Products

Champion Irrigation Products is a company which has started to employ the principles of Cellular Manufacturing in its operations. Undertakes the task of examining the applicability of Cellular Manufacturing at the company by using several methods for cell formation. Describes the design and implementation phase of the application, along with the obstacles encountered and solutions provided. Benefits realized from the application of Cellular Manufacturing at Champion Irrigation Products include reduction in work‐in‐process inventory and materials movement, increase in quality, and simplification of production, planning and control procedures. The success of the application lies in the fact that management at Champion Irrigation Products did not view Cellular Manufacturing as a mere rearrangement of the factory floor, but as a starting‐point for the continuous questioning of its practices, with the goal of improving the manufacturing function.
Employment Opportunities in the Doctorate Manpower Market

This study analyzes the extent to which the state of the doctorate manpower market can be appraised by the proportion of new Ph.D.s seeking work but having no specific job prospects. A model is developed relating that market indicator to the supply and demand for graduates and relating first-year enrollment in graduate programs to the level of the indicator. Estimates of the model based on time-series data for all Ph.D.s and individual specialties and on pooled cross-section-time-series data suggest that the employment opportunities indicator provides valuable information about the doctorate marketplace and is a useful non-price tool for manpower analysis. (Author's abstract.)
An Assessment of the Mechanistic Differences Between Two Integrin α4β1 Inhibitors, the Monoclonal Antibody TA-2 and the Small Molecule BIO5192, in Rat Experimental Autoimmune Encephalomyelitis

Integrin α4β1 plays an important role in inflammatory processes by regulating the migration of lymphocytes into inflamed tissues. Here we evaluated the biochemical, pharmacological, and pharmacodynamic properties and efficacy in experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE), a model of multiple sclerosis, of two types of α4β1 inhibitors, the anti-rat α4 monoclonal antibody TA-2 and the small molecule inhibitor BIO5192 [2(S)-{[1-(3,5-dichloro-benzenesulfonyl)-pyrrolidine-2(S)-carbonyl]-amino}-4-[4-methyl-2(S)-(methyl-{2-[4-(3-o-tolyl-ureido)-phenyl]-acetyl}-amino)-pentanoylamino]-butyric acid]. TA-2 has been extensively studied in rats and provides a benchmark for assessing function. BIO5192 is a highly selective and potent (KD of <10 pM) inhibitor of α4β1. Dosing regimens were identified for both inhibitors, which provided full receptor occupancy during the duration of the study. Both inhibitors induced leukocytosis, an effect that was used as a pharmacodynamic marker of activity, and both were efficacious in the EAE model. Treatment with TA-2 caused a decrease in α4 integrin expression on the cell surface, which resulted from internalization of α4 integrin/TA-2 complexes. In contrast, BIO5192 did not modulate cell surface α4β1. Our results with BIO5192 indicate that α4β7 does not play a role in this model and that blockade of α4β1/ligand interactions without down-modulation is sufficient for efficacy in rat EAE. BIO5192 is highly selective and binds with high affinity to α4β1 from four of four species tested. These studies demonstrate that BIO5192, a novel, potent, and selective inhibitor of α4β1 integrin, will be a valuable reagent for assessing α4β1 biology and may provide a new therapeutic for treatment of human inflammatory diseases.
The Routledge Companion to Strategic Human Resource Management

Combining up-to-date research, innovative content and practical perspectives, this book is the benchmark by which all other strategic HRM reference works should be measured. Leading figures from around the globe survey the current state of the discipline, while also introducing and exploring new, cutting edge themes in order to offer a comprehensive and authoritative overview of the field. Section introductions and integrative critiques pull together the separate themes to provide cross-comparisons between chapters to create a cohesive and well-structured volume. Unlike other texts in this area, The Routledge Companion to Strategic Human Resource Management incorporates contributions from leading management and business writers in areas adjacent to human resource management, including strategy, innovation and organizational learning. These add fresh and challenging insights into HRM themes from key mainstream business and management thinking. The field of strategic HRM is thus enriched and extended by this volume. Focusing on the interplay between theory and practice, this book is an essential resource for researchers and students studying human resource management and strategy.
Modeling and Monitoring Risk Acceptability in Markets: The Case of the Credit Default Swap Market

Minimal discounted distorted expectations across a range of stress levels are employed to model risk acceptability in markets. Interactions between discounting and stress levels used in measure changes are accommodated by lowering discount rates for the higher stress levels. Acceptability parameters represent a maximal and minimal discount rate, a maximal stress level and the speed of rate reduction in response to stress. An explicit model relating credit default swap (CDS) prices to default probabilities is formulated with a view to making the default risk market acceptable. Data on CDS prices and default probabilities for the six major US banks obtained from the Risk Management Institute of the National University of Singapore is employed to estimate parameters defining acceptability and the movements in market implied recovery rates. We observe that the financial crisis saw an increase in the maximal discount rate and its spread over the minimal rate along with an increase in the maximal stress level being demanded for acceptability and a stable pattern for the speed of rate adjustment through the period. The maximal rate, rate spread and stress levels have come down but with periods in the interim where they have peaked as they did in the crisis. Recovery rates have oscillated and they did fall substantially but have recovered towards 40 percent near the end of the period.
Real Estate Brokers, Housing Prices, and the Demand for Housing

This study examines the role of real estate brokers in the market for residential housing. It is shown that brokers obtain higher prices for the homes they sell and implicitly shift part of the brokerage-commission burden to the buyer. Evidence also is found to suggest that buyers who search the housing market with the assistance of a real estate broker have a higher demand for housing than buyers who shop the housing market without the help of a broker. Real estate agents thus appear to be salesmen for the housing industry and to generate effects very similar to that of advertising.
Instability of the foot after injuries to the lateral ligament of the ankle.

1. Forty-two previously asymptomatic patients presenting with a recent rupture of the lateral ligament of the ankle, and twenty similar patients with a simple sprain of this ligament, have been followed for one year. The physical and radiological findings upon the completion of treatment have been related to functional instability of the foot one year later. 2. Persistent mechanical varus instability of the talus in the ankle mortise was a possible cause of functional instability one year after injury in four (or perhaps six) patients. 3. Adhesion formation was a possible cause of functional instability in one patient. 4. Seventeen patients finally displayed no clinical or radiological abnormality after injury, but noted functional instability of the foot one year later. 5. It is concluded that the pathological process which is usually responsible for functional instability of the foot after a lateral ligament injury is at present unknown.
Antibody Response to Successive Booster Doses of Tetanus Toxoid in Adults

A study of the rise and fall in circulating tetanus antitoxin in a group of 15 adults after basic and booster immunization indicates that although individuals vary greatly in their responsiveness to toxoid, the falloff in antitoxin appears to be fractionally constant for each individual, and over periods of 5 to 6 years appears to be the same after successive doses. The low level of antitoxin noted in some individuals after basic immunization with a plain toxoid preparation cannot always be rectified by the use of an adsorbed toxoid as a booster. Results indicate that routine boosters need not be administered more frequently than every 10 to 20 years, provided an adsorbed toxoid has been used to initiate active immunization.
Investigation of Intra- and Inter-individual Variations of Mineralisation in Healthy Permanent Human Enamel by Raman Spectroscopy.

PURPOSE To systematically examine mineralisation of healthy human enamel using Raman spectroscopy and provide an understanding of baseline variations that may be inherent in the healthy enamel from individual to individual as well as variations within a tooth. MATERIALS AND METHODS Human teeth were obtained in compliance with the NIH guidelines. The teeth were collected fresh within the date of the extraction and kept moist at all times with wet tissue paper without any additional disinfecting treatment. The samples were individually wrapped in wet tissue paper and stored in a -20°C freezer. Prior to Raman analysis, the specimens were thawed at room temperature for 30 min. A Raman microscope was employed with a 10X objective used to focus the laser light (785 nm). Raman spectroscopy scores were validated by microcomputed tomography (μCT) on the two teeth which had the highest and lowest mineralisation found in the Raman scans. RESULTS Mineralisation levels varied substantially between individuals. The highest Raman-based mineralisation intensity was about 5-fold greater than the lowest mineralisation score. Incisor mineralisation also varied dramatically depending on different sites on the tooth. CONCLUSIONS Clinically applicable non-invasive techniques such as Raman spectroscopy that can quantify mineral content, such as Raman spectroscopy, may help answer whether or not mineralisation is associated with caries risk.
The influence of relational and structural embeddedness in Global Manufacturing Network on firm performance

Global Manufacturing Network provides an opportunity for firms in developing country or region to join in the system of international division of labor, conduct technological learning and realize strategic upgrading. But how is the firm embedded in the GMN to acquire network resources? The paper explored the relationship between relational embeddedness and structural embeddedness and firm performance through the questionnaire survey. The paper found that the three dimensions of trust, information sharing and joint problem solving in relational embeddedness have positive effects on firm performance. And the centrality which is the indictor of structural embeddedness also has positive effects on firm performance. Some implications and limitations are discussed in the end.