Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
World War II Poster Campaigns--Preaching Frugality to American Consumers

A core value throughout much of American history, frugality received official sanction during World War II when the U.S. government, to mobilize the home front, launched poster campaigns that preached being thrifty with goods and services, recycling metals and other materials, growing and storing food at home, obeying price and ration controls, and buying war bonds. This paper examines the consumption context, implementation, creative execution, and impact of government-sponsored poster advertising during this important turning point in the history of American consumer culture. The final section considers the significance of these campaigns in consumption and poster history, as well as some implications for reinspiring frugal values and behaviors.
Income Inequality and Health: a Longitudinal Analysis

In this study we use panel data from Great Britain and the United States to investigate whether individual self-reported health varies systematically with the degree of income inequality they experience at particular ages. We also investigate whether self-reported health is correlated with the household income individuals experienced on average over their lifetimes. We find no evidence in either our British or US samples that links self-reported health status to income inequality. On the other hand, we find strong evidence that income is strongly associated with health status in a surprisingly similar way in the two countries.
Money demand during hyperinflation and stabilization: Bulgaria, 1991-2000

The demand for money in Bulgaria is estimated over a ten-year period (1991–2000) of high inflation and inflation uncertainty. The paper distinguishes between three well-defined sub-periods: high, variable, but not systematically accelerating inflation from 1991 until April 1996; the near-hyperinflation period from May 1996 to February 1997; and the subsequent stabilization after the adoption of a currency board. The empirical analysis utilizes a standard methodology of cointegration and error correction. The functional determinants of the demand for money change during the different sub-periods. During the hyperinflation episode, Cagan's model is employed.
The androgen receptor gene CAG polymorphism is associated with the severity of coronary artery disease in men

objective The role of androgens in the pathogenesis of coronary artery disease (CAD) remains controversial. The length of the polyglutamine stretch of the transactivation domain (CAG repeat) of the androgen receptor (AR) inversely affects androgen activity. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of this polymorphism of the AR gene in the extent of CAD in male patients.
Modifying the food supply at a community swimming pool: a case study.

ISSUE ADDRESSED We report on a process evaluation of a project that aimed to replace energy-dense, nutrient-poor (EDNP) items at a community swimming pool kiosk. The analytic framework was the Analysis Grid for Environments Linked to Obesity (ANGELO). To contribute to health promotion practice in recreational settings, the process evaluation sought to determine the extent to which project'controversies' modified project objectives and strategies. METHODS The case study method captured the project narrative. The primary data were interviews with key project participants, supplemented with project records and media articles.These were analysed thematically. RESULTS The socio-cultural and political environments, particularly the capacity to exercise choice in relation to ENDP products, had considerable influence on the project. In the face of two controversies -"I thought everyone was signed up to it"and "We can't deny the kiddies their ice-cream" it was necessary for the project partners to modify the objectives and strategies and substantially change the target. CONCLUSIONS The setting is highly responsive to both the micro and macro socio-cultural and political aspects of the environment.
Chemotherapy‐induced neuropathy

Abstract Neurotoxic side effects of cancer therapy are second in frequency to hematological toxicity. Unlike hematological side effects that can be treated with hematopoietic growth factors, neuropathies cannot be treated and protective treatment strategies have not been effective. For the neurologist, the diagnosis of a toxic neuropathy is primarily based on the case history, the clinical and electrophysiological findings, and knowledge of the pattern of neuropathy associated with specific agents. In most cases, toxic neuropathies are length‐dependent, sensory, or sensorimotor neuropathies often associated with pain. The platinum compounds are unique in producing a sensory ganglionopathy. Neurotoxicity is usually dependent on cumulative dose. Severity of neuropathy increases with duration of treatment and progression stops once drug treatment is completed. The platinum compounds are an exception where sensory loss may progress for several months after cessation of treatment (“coasting”). As more effective multiple drug combinations are used, patients will be treated with several neurotoxic drugs. Synergistic neurotoxicity has not been extensively investigated. Pre‐existent neuropathy may influence the development of a toxic neuropathy. Underlying inherited or inflammatory neuropathies may predispose patients to developing very severe toxic neuropathies. Other factors such as focal radiotherapy or intrathecal administration may enhance neurotoxicity. The neurologist managing the cancer patient who develops neuropathy must answer a series of important questions as follows: (1) Are the symptoms due to peripheral neuropathy? (2) Is the neuropathy due to the underlying disease or the treatment? (3) Should treatment be modified or stopped because of the neuropathy? (4) What is the best supportive care in terms of pain management or physical therapy for each patient? Prevention of toxic neuropathies is most important. In patients with neuropathy, restorative approaches have not been well established. Symptomatic and other management are necessary to maintain and improve quality of life.
Extraction Costs and the Economics of Nonrenewable Resources

The study questions the fundamental assumption of the standard aggregate exploration-extraction model of nonrenewable resources that extraction costs and the level of reserves are inversely related. It also raises questions about the model's conclusions regarding exploration incentives and the valuation of reserves. An empirically tested disaggregate model is presented that suggests that exploration activity occurs from firms attempting to balance marginal extraction plus user costs at the intensive and extensive margins. Exploration is carried out until the marginal discovery cost of a deposit equals its present asset value and a U-shaped price path is indicated.
Optimal gasoline hedging strategies using futures contracts and exchange-traded funds

This article employs a variety of econometric models (including OLS, VEC/VAR, DCC GARCH and a class of copula-based GARCH models) to estimate optimal hedge ratios for gasoline spot prices using gasoline exchange-traded funds (ETFs) and gasoline futures contracts. We then compare their performance using four different measures from the perspective of both their hedging objectives and trading position using four different measures: variance reduction measure, utility-based measure and two tail-based measures (value at risk and expected shortfall). The impact of the 2008 financial market crisis on hedging performance is also investigated. Our findings indicate that, in terms of variance reduction, the static models (OLS and VEC/VAR) are found to be the best hedging strategies. However, more sophisticated time-varying hedging strategies could outperform the static hedging models when the other measures are used. In addition, ETF hedging is a more effective hedging strategy than futures hedging during the high-volatility (crisis) period, but this is not always the case during the normal time (post-crisis) period.
Machinery and China's nexus of foreign trade and economic growth

This paper offers an interpretation of China's nexus of foreign trade and economic growth that centres around technological development. Evidence, mainly related to the performance of the machinery sector, is presented indicating that the phenomenal export expansion is not reducible to a market-centred trade regime, and that the standard thesis of export-led growth would not apply-the contribution of trade to growth realises rather through imports. With an emphasis on the central importance of the production side, we present further evidence to substantiate the argument that the relatively successful aspects of the trade-growth nexus have been largely underpinned by a mix of the market mechanism and various non-market institutions. © 1998 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Infant health care use and maternal depression.

OBJECTIVE To determine whether women who frequently bring their neonates for problem-oriented primary care visits or emergency department visits are at elevated risk of having depressive symptoms. DESIGN Analysis of 2 prospective cohort studies of mothers and their infants: (1) a telephone interview study of mothers and infants after birth at an urban teaching hospital (the hospital cohort) and (2) the 1988 National Maternal and Infant Health Survey, a nationally representative sample of women who had live births in 1988. PARTICIPANTS A total of 1015 women in the hospital cohort surveyed at 3 and 8 weeks post partum and 6779 women with data from the national survey. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE Depressive symptoms above the Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale cutoff score of 15. RESULTS After controlling for sociodemographic variables and parity, women exhibited high levels of depressive symptoms if their infants had more than 1 problem-oriented primary care visit (hospital cohort: odds ratio, 2.0 [95% confidence interval, 1.1-4.3]; national survey cohort: odds ratio, 2.0 [95% confidence interval, 1.5-3.0]). Women were more likely to have high levels of depressive symptoms if their infants had even 1 emergency department visit (hospital cohort: odds ratio, 3.2 [95% confidence interval, 1.5-6.9]). Frequent well-child visits were not associated with maternal depressive symptoms. CONCLUSIONS Neonatal health care use patterns predict women at risk for postpartum depression. Recognition of these signature patterns of service use by pediatric health care providers may facilitate early diagnosis and treatment of postpartum depression and improve outcomes for women and their families.
Internet Economics and Policy: An Australian Perspective

Publicly available information indicates that the demand and supply of Internet and Internet-related services are continuing to expand at a rapid pace. Since 1997 the number of Internet service providers (facilities-based and resellers) has increased by nearly 40 per cent; the number of points-of-presence per Internet service provider has increased by five times; the number of hosts connected to the Internet has more than quadrupled; and Internet traffic has increased from six to 10 times. The emergence of electronic commerce (e-commerce), driven by this rapid adoption of Internet services and continual technological innovation, is likely to have profound economic and social impacts on Australian society. This paper provides a detailed analysis of the impact of the Internet and e-commerce, ranging from the changes in the market structure of the telecommunications industry, its role in changing the organisation of traditional markets, the emergence of new markets, and the structural shifts to employment, productivity and trade. The paper also analyses contemporary Australian regulatory responses.
Histologic and radiographic evidence of vertical ridge augmentation utilizing distraction osteogenesis: 10 consecutively placed distractors.

BACKGROUND Vertical ridge augmentation for dental implant placement is one of the greatest challenges facing the surgeon. Inadequate vertical bone compromises the implant positioning and resulting restoration. The cleansibility, esthetics, and mechanical properties of the restoration can all be compromised. While the technique of distraction osteogenesis has been successfully employed for long bone applications for over 40 years, it has only recently been introduced as a technique for vertical ridge augmentation prior to dental implant reconstruction. METHODS In this study, the placement of 10 consecutive distractors in 7 patients was evaluated. The surgical technique, latency period, distraction rate, and consolidation period are reviewed. RESULTS The technique of distraction osteogenesis resulted in an average vertical augmentation of 7 mm, with a range of 5 to 9 mm. There were no complications affecting the outcome of the distraction procedure. No failures have occurred to date in the 16 implants that were placed and loaded following distraction. CONCLUSIONS In summary, clinical, histologic, and radiographic evidence of consistent vertical bone augmentation was found with this technique of distraction osteogenesis for vertical ridge augmentation.
Senior Pleasure Tourists: Examination of Their Demography, Travel Experience, and Travel Behavior Upon Visiting the Bangkok Metropolis

The senior travel market has become an increasingly important area of interest to travel agents. This study examines senior travellers based on their travel experience, behavior, and overall experience on visiting Thailand, in terms of their age, marital status, and education. In this study, a sample of 384 senior foreign tourists responded to a survey carried out at the Bangkok International airport. Seniors are shown not to be a uniform conservative market, which has implications for product development. Profiles differed in the priority attached to travel experience factored into health, safety, language, itineraries, and general conditions in connection with travel. Travel behavior of seniors also differs in terms of types of tour, lodging preference, outdoor activity, mode of transportation, type of information used, and people travelled with. Recommendations based on these findings have strategic implications for travel companies and travel organizers.
A grid connected inverter with switched capacitor inverter using series/parallel conversion

A grid connected inverter (GCI) with a switched capacitor inverter using series/parallel conversion (SCISPC) is proposed in this paper. SCISPC is a multilevel inverter using a switched capacitor. This inverter has less number of switching devices than the conventional multilevel inverters. By using SCISPC, GCI can be small, the harmonics of the output voltage can be reduced, and the voltage device stress of the switching devices becomes lower. The operation of the proposed inverter is confirmed by the simulation with PSIM and by the reduced power scale circuit experiment.
Spatial Factors and Stated Preference Values for Public Goods: Considerations for Rural Land Use

This paper examines whether and how survey respondents react to spatial factors in stated preference surveys, and the ways in which preferences for spatial factors may influence welfare estimation. Alternative proposals to develop rural lands for residential purposes in southern New England were studied. Results illustrate that spatial attributes can influence estimated willingness to pay for development plans, even in cases where spatial attributes are only presented as cartographic details of maps used to clarify survey scenarios. Moreover, we find that subtle, and potentially unintended, spatial features presented in choice questions may influence marginal valuation of non-spatial attributes. (R52)
FARE DETERMINATION IN AIRLINE HUB-AND-SPOKE NETWORKS

This article provides the first evidence linking airfares to the structure of airline hub-and-spoke networks. The hypothesis tested is that any force that increases traffic volume on the spokes of a network will reduce fares in the markets it serves. This effect arises because of economies of density on the spokes. For example, since a large network (as measured by the number of city pairs that it connects) is expected to have low costs per passenger as a result of high traffic densities, fares in the individual markets served should be low, other things equal. Similarly, holding size fixed, a network that connects large cities should have higher traffic densities on its spokes (and thus lower fares in individual markets) than one serving small cities. Our empirical analysis supports these predictions. We find that network characteristics are important determinants of fares in 4-segment city-pair markets (these are markets requiring a connection at the hub). Furthermore, our empirical model predicts that the TWA-Ozark and Northwest-Republic mergers should have reduced fares in the 4-segment markets served by the hubs at St. Louis and Minneapolis.
High performance work practices in the health care sector: a Dutch case study

Purpose - This paper aims to present an empirical study of the effect of high performance work practices on commitment and citizenship behaviour in the health care sector. The theory suggests that individual employees are willing “to go the extra mile” when they are given the opportunity to develop their abilities and to participate, and when they are motivated. Design/methodology/approach - The data were gathered in a Dutch general hospital using employee questionnaires. Medical specialists were not included in the study. Findings - The results of the study suggest that employee development (e.g. skills training, general training, and task enrichment) and employee involvement (e.g. job autonomy, participation in decision making) are important HR practices in creating a high performance work climate in a health care organisation. Research limitations/implications - The data come from one hospital and the analysis is cross-sectional. However, the importance of the study lies in its focus on the individual employee perspective rather than the organisational level analyses which currently predominate in the HRM and performance debate. Practical implications - The training and development of health care employees can increase their affective commitment. Increasing employee involvement can also help stimulate citizenship behaviour. Originality/value - The paper looks at the non-profit sector, whereas the majority of previous HR research has focused on multinational companies.
Epstein-Barr virus infections of the central nervous system.

OBJECTIVE Epstein-Barr virus (EBV), a lymphotropic herpes virus causing infectious mononucleosis (IM), also causes various central nervous system (CNS) infections. In the present study, EBV CNS infections were investigated. PATIENTS AND METHODS For adult inpatients in our hospital and related hospitals between 1984-2002, CNS syndromes with IM symptoms were examined, and serologic positives were assessed according to established criteria. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) was performed for cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) from seven patients. RESULTS Ten patients with EBV-related CNS infections were found; their mean age was 36 years (20-79 years). The neurologic forms were as follows: acute encephalitis (4 patients), acute cerebellar ataxia (1), acute disseminated encephalomyelitis (ADEM) (2), myelitis (1), and meningitis (2). The PCR from CSF was positive in two patients with meningitis, one patient with ADEM, and one patient with encephalitis-associated chronic EVB infection. One case of encephalitis and another of relapsing ADEM were attributed to chronic EBV infection. CONCLUSION Our study identified a variety of EBV-related CNS infections. EBV CNS infections are divided into two groups: 1) CNS syndromes associated with primary EBV or reactivated infection, and 2) those associated with chronic EBV infection; it is notable that in the former, diverse CNS syndromes including ADEM can occur, whereas in the latter, chronic or recurrent CNS syndromes are produced.
Is the Chinese tourist ready for sustainable tourism? Attitudes and preferences for sustainable tourism services

The identification of attitudes has been shown to enhance the prediction of consumer behaviour. Chinese tourist attitudes toward sustainable tourism services received little attention; however, as most work on Chinese tourism is conducted from a supply side perspective. We report results from a study conducted in Beijing and Chengdu (mainland China) on the influence of attitudes on the economic preferences (willingness-to-pay/WTP) for sustainable tourism services (n = 213). Two 'positive' attitude dimensions received very high agreement ratings, but did not influence WTP. In contrast, a 'negative' sceptical attitude had a negative effect on preferences. For illustration, we apply calculated WTP values to tourism development scenarios of two nature- and landscape-oriented destinations in western China. Scenario comparison demonstrates high risks of non-sustainable tourism development. Once the natural and cultural heritage is compromised and the tourism experience is tarnished, improvements in trip convenience may not offset economic losses of tourism value.
The calcium stored in the sarcoplasmic reticulum acts as a safety mechanism in rainbow trout heart

Cardiomyocyte contraction depends on rapid changes in intracellular Ca2+. In mammals, Ca2+ influx as L-type Ca2+ current (ICa) triggers the release of Ca2+ from sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR) and Ca2+-induced Ca2+ release (CICR) is critical for excitation-contraction coupling. In fish, the relative contribution of external and internal Ca2+ is unclear. Here, we characterized the role of ICa to trigger SR Ca2+ release in rainbow trout ventricular myocytes using ICa regulation by Ca2+ as an index of CICR. ICa was recorded with a slow (EGTA) or fast (BAPTA) Ca2+ chelator in control and isoproterenol conditions. In the absence of β-adrenergic stimulation, the rate of ICa inactivation was not significantly different in EGTA and BAPTA (27.1 ± 1.8 vs. 30.3 ± 2.4 ms), whereas with isoproterenol (1 μM), inactivation was significantly faster with EGTA (11.6 ± 1.7 vs. 27.3 ± 1.6 ms). When barium was the charge carrier, inactivation was significantly slower in both conditions (61.9 ± 6.1 vs. 68.0 ± 8.7 ms, control, isoproterenol). Quantification revealed that without isoproterenol, only 39% of ICa inactivation was due to Ca2+, while with isoproterenol, inactivation was Ca2+-dependent (∼65%) and highly reliant on SR Ca2+ (∼46%). Thus, SR Ca2+ is not released in basal conditions, and ICa is the main trigger of contraction, whereas during a stress response, SR Ca2+ is an important source of cytosolic Ca2+. This was not attributed to differences in SR Ca2+ load because caffeine-induced transients were not different in both conditions. Therefore, Ca2+ stored in SR of trout cardiomyocytes may act as a safety mechanism, allowing greater contraction when higher contractility is required, such as stress or exercise.
Demand for M3 and expenditure components in Malaysia: assessment from bounds testing approach

This study examines the effects of various demand components of real income on money demand, M3 for a small open developing Asian economy. The disaggregated components of real income are final consumption goods, expenditure on investment goods, and exports. Other determinants are domestic interest rate and exchange rate. Using Malaysian annual data over the period 1973–1998, the results of the ‘bound’ test based on Unrestricted Error-Correction Model estimation (Pesaran et al., 2001), indicates a long run equilibrium relationship between demand of real M3 and its determinants. The results also highlight that different domestic demand components yields different effects on money demand behaviour. The results have important policy implications.