Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Idiom Recognition and Program Scheme Recognition Based Program Transformations for Performance Tuning--Beyond Compiler Optimizations--

Much effort has been performed for performance tuning. However, it is becoming clear that performance tuning is much harder in complicated modern parallel architectures. For performance tuning, compiler approach was prevailing in the era of vector architecture. Today, instead, PSE approach which provides users with abstract programming emerges, which also has a problem in tuning fine points. Another approach is “ autotuning” which is a brute force attack for performance tuning. We have proposed that idiom recognition can be a bridge between abstract source programs and concrete architectures. This paper applies term rewriting theory -a very general framework to the idiom recognition system. Moreover, we apply higher order term rewriting to find better patterns. We show that tiling and recursive algorithm scheme patterns can be reinvented by the extended idiom recognition. Furthermore, we discuss a method of enrichment of candidates of optimizations by using the general framework of graph rewriting.
Effect of Different Distance Measures on the Performance of K-Means Algorithm: An Experimental Study in Matlab

K-means algorithm is a very popular clustering algorithm which is famous for its simplicity. Distance measure plays a very important rule on the performance of this algorithm. We have different distance measure techniques available. But choosing a proper technique for distance calculation is totally dependent on the type of the data that we are going to cluster. In this paper an experimental study is done in Matlab to cluster the iris and wine data sets with different distance measures and thereby observing the variation of the performances shown.
Strategy and consciousness in remembering subject-performed actions

Simple action phrases are better recognized when the denoted actions are self-performed (SPT) than when they are only listened to, that is, learned in verbal tasks (VT). The goal of this study was to demonstrate that the memory advantage of SPTs over VTs is mainly due to better conscious recognition after SPTs. This assumption was tested in three experiments with two different procedures : in Experiments 1 and 2 we collected remember and know responses according to Gardiner (1988), in Experiment 3 we applied the process dissociation procedure proposed by Jacoby (1991). All three experiments clearly confirmed the assumption that the SPT advantage is due to better conscious recognition after SPTs than after VTs
Therapeutic Effect of the Tuber of Alisma orientale on Lipopolysaccharide-Induced Acute Lung Injury

Although Alisma orientale, an ethnic herb, has been prescribed for treating various diseases in Asian traditional medicine, experimental evidence to support its therapeutic effects is lacking. Here, we sought to determine whether A. orientale has a therapeutic effect on acute lung injury (ALI). Ethanol extract of the tuber of A. orientale (EEAO) was prepared and fingerprinted by HPLC for its constituents. Mice received an intraperitoneal (i.p.) injection of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) for the induction of ALI. At 2 h after LPS treatment, mice received an intratracheal (i.t.) spraying of various amounts of EEAO to the lung. Bioluminescence imaging of transgenic NF-κB/luciferase reporter mice shows that i.t. EEAO posttreatment suppressed lung inflammation. In similar experiments with C57BL/6 mice, EEAO posttreatment significantly improved lung inflammation, as assessed by H&E staining of lung sections, counting of neutrophils in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid, and semiquantitative RT-PCR analyses of proinflammatory cytokines and Nrf2-dependent genes in the inflamed lungs. Furthermore, EEAO posttreatment enhanced the survival of mice that received a lethal dose of LPS. Together, our results provide evidence that A. orientale has a therapeutic effect on ALI induced by sepsis.
BAY61-3606 Affects the Viability of Colon Cancer Cells in a Genotype-Directed Manner

BACKGROUND K-RAS mutation poses a particularly difficult problem for cancer therapy. Activating mutations in K-RAS are common in cancers of the lung, pancreas, and colon and are associated with poor response to therapy. As such, targeted therapies that abrogate K-RAS-induced oncogenicity would be of tremendous value. METHODS We searched for small molecule kinase inhibitors that preferentially affect the growth of colorectal cancer cells expressing mutant K-RAS. The mechanism of action of one inhibitor was explored using chemical and genetic approaches. RESULTS We identified BAY61-3606 as an inhibitor of proliferation in colorectal cancer cells expressing mutant forms of K-RAS, but not in isogenic cells expressing wild-type K-RAS. In addition to its anti-proliferative effects in mutant cells, BAY61-3606 exhibited a distinct biological property in wild-type cells in that it conferred sensitivity to inhibition of RAF. In this context, BAY61-3606 acted by inhibiting MAP4K2 (GCK), which normally activates NFκβ signaling in wild-type cells in response to inhibition of RAF. As a result of MAP4K2 inhibition, wild-type cells became sensitive to AZ-628, a RAF inhibitor, when also treated with BAY61-3606. CONCLUSIONS These studies indicate that BAY61-3606 exerts distinct biological activities in different genetic contexts.
Chromogranin A, Ki-67 index and IGF-related genes in patients with neuroendocrine tumors

Chromogranin A (CgA) and the Ki-67 proliferation index are considered as important biochemical and pathological markers for clinical behaviour of gastroenteropancreatic neuroendocrine tumors (GEP NETs), respectively. The IGF system has been suggested as an important regulator of GEP NET proliferation and differentiation. A possible relationship between serum CgA (sCgA), Ki-67 proliferation index, and expression of IGF-related genes in patients with GEP NETs has not been demonstrated yet. This study investigates the relationship between sCgA, the Ki-67 proliferation index, and the expression of IGF-related genes in GEP NET tissues and their relation with 5-year survival. Tumor and blood samples from 22 GEP NET patients were studied. Tumoral mRNA expression of IGF-related genes (IGFs: IGF1, IGF2; IGF receptors: IGF1R, IGF2R; insulin receptors: subtype A (IR-A) and B (IR-B); IGF-binding proteins (IGFBPs): IGFBP1, IGFBP2, IGFBP3, and IGFBP6) was measured using quantitative RT-PCR. Ki-67 proliferation index was determined using immunohistochemistry. sCgA was measured with ELISA. Five-year survival in patients with nonelevated sCgA (n=11) was 91 vs 46% in patients with elevated sCgA (n=11) (P=0.006). IR-A mRNA expression was significantly higher in tumors obtained from patients with elevated sCgA than in those from patients with nonelevated sCgA (6.42±2.08 vs 2.60±0.40; P=0.04). This data suggests that sCgA correlates well with 5-year survival of GEP NET patients, and that IR-A mRNA expression correlates well with tumor mass in GEP NET patients.
A Decentralized Model Reference Adaptive Controller for Large-Scale Systems

A decentralized model reference adaptive controller (MRAC) for a class of large-scale systems with unmatched interconnections is developed in this paper. A novel reference model is proposed for the class of large-scale systems considered and a decentralized, full-state feedback adaptive controller is developed for each subsystem of the large-scale system. It is shown that with the proposed decentralized adaptive controller, the states of the subsystems can asymptotically track the desired reference trajectories. To substantiate the performance of the proposed controller, a large web processing line, which mimics most of the features of an industrial web process line, is considered for experimental study. Extensive experiments were conducted with the proposed decentralized adaptive controller and an often used decentralized industrial proportional-integral (PI) controller. A representative sample of the comparative experimental results is shown and discussed
0 v 3 2 2 Ja n 20 05 The Millisecond Pulsars in NGC 6760

We present the results of recent Arecibo and Green Bank observations of the globular cluster NGC 6760. Using Arecibo, a phase-coherent timing solution has been obtained for the previously known binary pulsar in this cluster, PSR J1911+0102A. We have also discovered a new millisecond pulsar in NGC 6760, PSR J1911+0101B, an isolated object with a rotational period of 5.38ms and a dispersion measure DM = 196.7 cm pc. Both pulsars are located within 1.3 core radii of the cluster center and have negative period derivatives. The resulting lower limits for the accelerations of the pulsars are within the range expected given a simple model of the cluster. A search for eclipses in the PSR J1911+0102A binary system using both telescopes yielded negative results. The corresponding limits on the extra gas column density at superior conjunction are consistent with the hypothesis that the observational properties of ultra-low-mass binary pulsars like PSR J1911+0102A are strongly affected by the inclination of the orbital plane of the system. Among globular cluster pulsar populations, that of NGC 6760 exhibits one of the largest known spreads in DM. This quantity seems to be roughly proportional to a cluster’s central DM; this suggests that the observed spread is caused by a turbulent interstellar medium at spatial scales of 1 pc. NAIC, Arecibo Observatory, HC3 Box 53995, PR 00612, USA; pfreire@naic.edu Department of Physics, Rutherford Physics Building, McGill University, 3600 University Street, Montreal, Quebec, H3A 2T8, Canada; hessels@hep.physics. mcgill.ca Physics Department, Princeton University, Box 708, Princeton, NJ 08544; dnice@princeton.edu National Radio Astronomy Observatory, 520 Edgemont Rd., Charlottesville, VA 22903 USA; sransom@nrao.edu University of Manchester, Jodrell Bank Observatory, Macclesfield, Cheshire, SK11 9DL, UK; drl@jb.man. ac.uk Department of Physics and Astronomy University of British Columbia, 6224 Agricultural Road, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z1 Canada; istairs@astro.ubc. ca
An Efficient Implementation of Digit FIR Filters using Memory based Realization

The main contribution of this paper is an exact common sub expression elimination algorithm for the optimum sharing of partial terms in multiple constant multiplications (MCMs). Although many efficient high-level algorithms have been proposed for the realization of Multiple Constant Multiplications (MCM) using the fewest number of addition and subtraction operations, they do not consider the low-level implementation issues that directly affect the area, delay, and power dissipation of the MCM design. It is found that the proposed LUT-based multiplier involves comparable area and time complexity for a word size of 8 bits, but for higher word sizes, it involves significantly less area and less multiplication time than the canonical-signed-digit (CSD)-based multipliers we have proposed the anti symmetric product coding (APC) and odd-multiple-storage (OMS) techniques for lookup-table (LUT) design for memory-based multipliers to be used in digital signal processing applications. It was observed that the proposed algorithm obtains better solutions in terms of area than the algorithms designed for the MCM problem and the optimization of area problem in a digit-serial MCM operation at gate-level.
Performance evaluation of the MPE-iFEC Sliding RS Encoding for DVB-H streaming services

This article studies the performance of the Sliding RS Encoding (SRSE) in the transmission of streaming services in DVB-H (Digital Video Broadcasting - Transmission System for Handheld Terminals) networks. The SRSE forms part of a set of specifications called MPE-iFEC which has been recently defined in the DVB-SH (Digital Video Broadcasting - Satellite Services to Handheld Devices) standard and is fully compatible with the link layer of DVB-H. MPE-iFEC is capable of encoding information related to different datagram bursts in a jointly manner in order to counteract the long signal blockages expected in satellite reception. This is what is usually referred to as Multi-Burst Encoding (MBE) and provides a protection that extends across several time sliced bursts. MBE can also improve the reception in terrestrial networks such as DVB-H, which relay in the use of MPE-FEC (Multi Protocol Encapsulation - Forward Error Correction) for link layer protection. The SRSE employs the same Reed Solomon (RS) algorithm used in MPE-FEC and a sliding encoding mechanism in order to perform MBE. This paper evaluates the improvements that the use of SRSE can achieve over the legacy MPE-FEC using vehicular urban field measurements in a DVB-H single frequency network. The effect of the different parameters that regulate the operation of the SRSE will be evaluated and the best configurations for its use in DVB-H will be highlighted.
Incremental transient simulation of power grid

The power grid needs to be frequently analyzed during the design process of power distribution network. Hence, an effective method being able to capture its transient behavior is desired for designers. This work utilizes macro modeling techniques, sparse recovery mechanisms, a proposed pseudo-node value estimation method, and an adaptive error control procedure to develop an efficient and reliable incremental power grid transient simulator. This incremental simulator not only can deal with adjusted values of the circuit elements but also can handle modified topologies of the design.
Exhaled methyl nitrate as a noninvasive marker of hyperglycemia in type 1 diabetes

Recent technical advances allow detection of several hundred volatile organic compounds (VOCs) in human exhaled air, many of which reflect unidentified endogenous pathways. Our group has previously estimated plasma glucose levels in healthy adults during a standard oral glucose tolerance test via exhaled VOC analysis. As a result of the metabolic characteristics of hyperglycemia in the diabetic (low insulin and increased free fatty acids and ketones), we hypothesized that different exhaled VOC profiles may be present in children with type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) during spontaneous hyperglycemia. Exhaled methyl nitrate strongly correlated specifically with the acute, spontaneous hyperglycemia of T1DM children. Eighteen experiments were conducted among 10 T1DM children. Plasma glucose and exhaled gases were monitored during either constant euglycemia (n = 5) or initial hyperglycemia with gradual correction (n = 13); all subjects received i.v. insulin and glucose as needed. Gas analysis was performed on 1.9-liter breath samples via gas chromatography using electron capture, flame ionization, and mass selective detection. Among the ≈100 measured exhaled gases, the kinetic profile of exhaled methyl nitrate, commonly present in room air in the range of 5–10 parts per trillion, was most strongly statistically correlated with that of plasma glucose (P = 0.003–0.001). Indeed, the kinetic profiles of the two variables paralleled each other in 16 of 18 experiments, including repeat subjects who at different times displayed either euglycemia or hyperglycemia.
Measuring Intrinsic Motivations

Numerous instruments have been created over the last several decades for measuring both extrinsic and intrinsic values, as they are made manifest in Western culture. Although many of these instruments are well balanced and have strong internal validity, more progress needs to be made specifically with the items being used. If this can be done, then it may be possible for a great leap of progress in measuring the intrinsic values. It is very difficult to gain understanding about how to bridge the small differences in subcultures if surveys continue to gloss over delicate areas that are the very reasons for subculture disagreements. This chapter reviews current measurement instruments for measuring both extrinsic and intrinsic values. It gives a sample of a specific study, and makes a call for improved intrinsic instruments in the future.
An application of developmental genetic programming for automatic creation of supervisors of multi-task real-time object-oriented systems

A concept of artificial supervisor of multi-task real-time object-oriented system is introduced. Next, a procedure for automatic creation of artificial supervisors is presented. The procedure is based on developmental genetic programming. As an input data, UML diagrams are used. A representative example of creation of a supervisor of building a house illustrates the procedure. The efficiency of the procedure from various points of view and comparison considerations are given.
Nurturing Language and Learning: Development of Deaf and Hard of Hearing Infants and Toddlers

The authors’ aim is to highlight the importance of effective early literacy development in deaf children and ultimately outline a theoretical framework to successfully develop this. After a detailed overview of the latest research, the authors progress to acknowledge the relative deficit of data in this field, specifically related to deaf children’s language acquisition and development compared to the research available for hearing children. Time and attention is given to the strands of literacy development and how the process of learning is varied and fraught with barriers for young deaf children. The separate chapters weave a carefully considered pathway through the constructs of the subject matter, subsequently the reader is continually directed back and forth throughout the book to ensure that the different stands mesh together to provide a comprehensive overview of the topic. Chapter five provides a great deal of thought-provoking evidence for professionals working with young deaf children, in particular for those in educational establishments. Modes of communication used at home, school and in a child’s family nuclei in terms of spoken and signed language are dissected. Questions regarding bilingualism and biliteracy based on the child’s first choice language are examined. Professionals must surely be left questioning their instructional strategies and abilities to differentiate materials and communication in supporting a deaf child in accessing materials that will support and develop their language acquisition skills. Some of the tangible similarities between the language development processes demonstrated by both deaf and hearing peers raise questions in terms of assessments used and data gained in these early years. Effective approaches to teaching of language are evident, and how assessments are differentiated through instruction is an area for further development. One of the book’s strengths is the summary at the end of each chapter suggesting implications for practice and further research. The need for a deeper and broader range of evidence in this area is apparent. Despite the thorough exploration of this topic the book leaves many questions unanswered. The limited long-term tracked research and data whets the reader’s appetite and leaves us desperate to read more deeply into this field. The book promotes opportunity for further research; recording and tracking deaf learners though their early literacy acquisition experiences, development and the impact this has on their later language abilities. Overall this is a thought provoking and timely reference for those both new and experienced in the field of deaf pedagogy.
Robust transmission of 802.11n physical packet headers

This paper concerns the robust transmission of physical header frames of the IEEE 802.11n wireless network standard over a noisy channel. The proposed receiver is based on an iterative decoding scheme using the turbo principle where two blocks are serially concatenated. The outer block provides Soft Input Soft Output estimates of the headers of the physical packets based on a MAP estimation, while the inner block is some classical BCJR ecoding of the channel code. The method relies on a strategy proposed recently by the same team, making use of the inherent redundancies of the physical layer headers. This paper proposed an implementation and evaluation in which the channel coding is taken into account. Two cases are studied: (i) the fully general framework of the 802.11n physical layer; and (ii) a specific industrial implementation of the 802.11n physical layer network, which, like most implementations, does not allow all options of the standard. Simulations show that the proposed receiver allows to reduce drastically the number of errors occurring during the transmission compared to a classical hard decision technique.
14 Output Coding Methods : Review and Experimental Comparison

Classification is one of the ubiquitous problems in Artificial Intelligence. It is present in almost any application where Machine Learning is used. That is the reason why it is one of the Machine Learning issues that has received more research attention from the first works in the field. The intuitive statement of the problem is simple, depending on our application we define a number of different classes that are meaningful to us. The classes can be different diseases in some patients, the letters in an optical character recognition application, or different functional parts in a genetic sequence. Usually, we are also provided with a set of patterns whose class membership is known, and we want to use the knowledge carried on these patterns to classify new patterns whose class is unknown. The theory of classification is easier to develop for two class problems, where the patterns belong to one of only two classes. Thus, the major part of the theory on classification is devoted to two class problems. Furthermore, many of the available classification algorithms are either specifically designed for two class problems or work better in two class problems. However, most of the real world classification tasks are multiclass problems. When facing a multiclass problem there are two main alternatives: developing a multiclass version of the classification algorithm we are using, or developing a method to transform the multiclass problem into many two class problems. The second choice is a must when no multiclass version of the classification algorithm can be devised. But, even when such a version is available, the transformation of the multiclass problem into several two class problems may be advantageous for the performance of our classifier. This chapter presents a review of the methods for converting a multiclass problem into several two class problems and shows a series of experiments to test the usefulness of this approach and the different available methods. This chapter is organized as follows: Section 2 states the definition of the problem; Section 3 presents a detailed description of the methods; Section 4 reviews the comparison of the different methods performed so far; Section 5 shows an experimental comparison; and Section 6 shows the conclusions of this chapter and some open research fields.