Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Whose Goals and Outcomes Are They?

Perspectives on determining goals and outcomes measurement for children with disabilities have evolved over the past 25 years. This evolution has occurred in parallel with changing views on measurement, approaches to service delivery, and perspectives on disability. Change has not been without controversy and, at times, there has been a “disconnect” between research and practice. The need for “better” measures is frequently cited as a barrier to outcomes measurement. Studies on the effectiveness of interventions for children with disabilities in the 1960s and 1970s used measures that were neither standardized nor evaluated for reliability and validity. Consequently, measurement error was often cited as a potential threat to the internal validity of these studies, many of which reported no intervention effect. In response to this concern, developmental assessments with norms for children with typical development began to be used in outcomes research. Motivating factors included the ability to obtain a standard score and perform statistical analyses to compare group differences. Less consideration was given to the construct of the measure, the focus of intervention, and the responsiveness of the measure to changes that study participants were capable of making. A special communication by Rosenbaum and colleagues (1990) exemplified a new perspective on outcomes measurement. The thrust of the communication was that norm-referenced developmental assessments are not validated to measure change over time in children with disabilities. In response to this concern, the Gross Motor Function Measure (Russell et al., 1988) was validated for children with cerebral palsy. Subsequent research led to the creation of gross motor development curves for children with cerebral palsy (Rosenbaum et al., 2002). The motor development curves for children with cerebral palsy grouped by Gross Motor Function Classification System (Palisano et al., 2008) level are an example of conditionspecific norms. Condition-specific norms enable evaluation of how children with disabilities are progressing based on expectations for children with the same health condition and level of severity. Children whose performance is “as expected” or “greater than expected” are a cause for celebration.
Initiating and Intensifying Insulin Therapy for Type 2 Diabetes: Why, When, and How

With the exception of insulin, all diabetes medications have limited glucose-lowering capacity. Therefore, as type 2 diabetes progresses, insulin is often needed to achieve near-normal glycemic targets and avoid complications. Concerns about the initiation of insulin by both clinicians and patients play a major role in poor glycemic control. This article discusses current guidelines for treating type 2 diabetes, exploring when and how insulin therapy should be initiated and intensified, and how barriers to insulin use may be overcome. Advances include the development of novel long-acting, premixed, and rapid-acting insulin analogues and delivery devices. These agents have near-physiological time-action profiles that allow safer, flexible, and more convenient dosing. Many patients find using an insulin pen device easier, more convenient, and more discreet than using a vial and syringe. Nurses and medical assistants can be trained to understand the glucose-lowering capacities and limitations of each class of diabetes medications, including recognizing when insulin therapy is necessary. In addition, by showing patients how easy insulin pens are to use, clinic staff can help empower, educate, and encourage patients with type 2 diabetes to optimize their glycemic control with insulin once oral antidiabetic agents alone have become inadequate.
High-Accuracy Architecture-Level Power Estimation for Partitioned SRAM Arrays in a 65-nm CMOS BPTM Process

In this paper, we validate our previously proposed high- level power estimation models for a 65-nm BPTM process, using a physically partitioned 2-kB 6T-SRAM array. Also, we describe a new probing methodology that allows us to accurately capture not only subthreshold leakage, but also all other significant leakage mechanisms. By combining the probing methodology and the power models, we can estimate dynamic, leakage and total power of the partitioned 2-kB memory array with a 97% accuracy of that of full circuit-level simulations of the entire array. We also discuss the effect of partitioning on SRAM array power with respect to process technology scaling: Partitioning has the effect that leakage power constitutes an increasing fraction of total memory power, emphasizing the need to accurately capture leakage power in SRAM power models.
The Oligomerization State Determines Regulatory Properties and Inhibitor Sensitivity of Type 4 cAMP-specific Phosphodiesterases*

PDE4 splice variants are classified into long and short forms depending on the presence or absence of two unique N-terminal domains termed upstream conserved regions 1 and 2 (UCR1 and -2). We have shown previously that the UCR module mediates dimerization of PDE4 long forms, whereas short forms, which lack UCR1, behave as monomers. In the present study, we demonstrate that dimerization is an essential structural element that determines the regulatory properties and inhibitor sensitivities of PDE4 enzymes. Comparing the properties of the dimeric wild type PDE4D3 with several monomeric mutant PDE4D3 constructs revealed that disruption of dimerization ablates the activation of PDE4 long forms by either protein kinase A phosphorylation or phosphatidic acid binding. Moreover, the analysis of heterodimers consisting of a catalytically active and a catalytically inactive PDE4D3 subunit indicates that protein kinase A phosphorylation of both subunits is essential to fully activate PDE4 enzymes. In addition to affecting enzyme regulation, disruption of dimerization reduces the sensitivity of the enzymes toward the prototypical PDE4 inhibitor rolipram. Parallel binding assays indicated that this shift in rolipram sensitivity is likely mediated by a decrease in the number of inhibitor binding sites in the high affinity rolipram binding state. Thus, although dimerization is not a requirement for high affinity rolipram binding, it functions to stabilize PDE4 long forms in their high affinity rolipram binding conformation. Taken together, our data indicate that dimerization defines the properties of PDE4 enzymes and suggest a common structural and functional organization for all PDEs.
Lifetime interpersonal violence and self-reported chlamydia trachomatis diagnosis among California women.

OBJECTIVE To examine the relationship between cumulative exposure to various types of interpersonal violence throughout the life span and self-reported history of Chlamydia trachomatis (CT) diagnosis in a population-based sample of California women. METHODS This was a cross-sectional analysis of a population-based survey of California women aged 18-44 years (n = 3521). Participants reported their experience of multiple types of interpersonal violence: physical or sexual abuse in childhood or adulthood and intimate partner violence (IPV) in the past 12 months. Current posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and depressive symptoms were also reported. Separate logistic regression models assessed the association between experiencing each type of interpersonal violence, as well as women's cumulative exposure to violence, and past CT diagnosis, adjusting for age, race/ethnicity, and poverty, as well as mental health problems. RESULTS Six percent of women reported a past diagnosis of CT, and 40.8% reported experiencing at least one type of interpersonal violence in their lifetime. All types of violence were significantly associated with higher odds of having a past CT diagnosis even after controlling for sociodemographics. Women who reported experiencing four or more types of violence experiences had over five times the odds of reporting a lifetime CT diagnosis compared with women who never experienced interpersonal violence (adjusted odds ratio = 5.71, 95% CI 3.27-9.58). Current PTSD and depressive symptoms did not significantly affect the relationship between a woman's cumulative experience of violence and her risk of past CT diagnosis. CONCLUSIONS There is a robust association between experiencing multiple forms of violence and having been diagnosed with CT. Women who seek treatment for sexually transmitted diseases (STDs), such as CT, should be assessed for their lifetime history of violence, especially violence in their current intimate relationships. Sexual risk reduction counseling may also be important for women who have a history of risky sexual behaviors and who are likely to be reinfected.
A hierarchical distributed MPC for HVAC systems

In this paper a hierarchical distributed model predictive control scheme is proposed for heating, ventilation and air-conditioning (HVAC) systems in buildings. The building consists in multiple connected rooms and zones. The control objective is to keep the temperature of each room and zone at a given comfortable level with minimal energy consumption. This control scheme is divided into two levels. The upper level controller collects temperature and predictive information of all rooms and zones to generate reference trajectories while a lower level controller only uses local information to track the reference and optimize energy efficiency and thermal comfort. By using a contraction property of building's dynamics, recursive feasibility of the proposed algorithm is guaranteed. Simulation results are given to show the performance of our proposed control strategy.
Multisensory processing in the human brain

﻿ Perception has traditionally been studied as a modular function where different sensory systems operate as separate and independent modules. However, multisensory integration is essential for the perception of a coherent and unified representation of the external world that we experience phenomenologically. Mounting evidence suggests that the senses do not operate in isolation but that the brain processes and integrates information across modalities. A standing debate is at what level in the processing hierarchy the sensory streams converge, for example, if multisensory speech information converges first in higher-order polysensory areas such as STS and is then fed back to sensory areas, or if information is already integrated in primary and secondary sensory areas at the early stages of sensory processing. The studies in this thesis aim to investigate this question by focussing on the spatio-temporal aspects of multisensory processing, as well as investigating phonetic and non-phonetic integration in the human brain during auditory-visual speech perception. [continued in text . ] **NOTE: There is a missing section of the abstract at the foot of the scan of p.4. is this a reflection of the original or a technical glitch? **
What’s in an App? ACT Relevant App Features Worth Studying

Introduction Multiple studies have been done showing that EHealth interventions (whether online or via an app) can be just as effective as traditional therapy in aiding with mental health (1, 2, 3). In light of this, the flood of mobile apps designed for mental health show great promise as a tool to aid with psychological suffering in addition to therapists and self-help books. Because ACT (Acceptance and Commitment Therapy) has been proven to be effective for a considerable range of problems (4), of particular interest were those apps related to this therapeutic model such as mindfulness, acceptance, and values-based living. 13 such apps were analyzed for potentially helpful designs and tools as well as innovative or potentially problematic features.
Grammatical class in lexical production and morhpological processing: Evidence from a case of fluent aphasia

We present the case of a fluent aphasic patient who is impaired at producing nouns relative to verbs in picture naming, sentence completion, and sentence generation tasks, but is better at both producing and comprehending concrete nouns than abstract nouns. Moreover, he displays a selective difficulty in producing the plural forms of some nouns and pseudowords presented as nouns, but was able to produce the phonologically identical third-person singular forms of corresponding verb homonyms and of the same pseudowords presented as verbs. This pattern of performance casts doubt on the hypothesis that grammatical class effects are always epiphenomena of more general semantic impairments that affect the naming of actions or of concrete objects, and suggests that these effects may arise instead from damage to syntactic processes pertaining specifically to the grammatical properties of words. We also discuss the implications of such damage for models of morphological processing.
A Cloud-Based Collaborative and Automatic Video Editor

Automatic video editing is a hot topic due to the rapid growth of video usages. In this paper, we present a cloud-based tool and an approach of automatic video editing based on keywords extracted from the audio transcription. Using texts transcript of the audio, video sequences are selected and chained to create automatically a new video with a time duration fixed by the user. A cloud based video editor allows users to collaboratively edit the video.
Neuroprotective Properties of Mildronate, a Small Molecule, in a Rat Model of Parkinson’s Disease

Previously, we have found that mildronate [3-(2,2,2-trimethylhydrazinium) propionate dihydrate], a small molecule with charged nitrogen and oxygen atoms, protects mitochondrial metabolism that is altered by inhibitors of complex I and has neuroprotective effects in an azidothymidine-neurotoxicity mouse model. In the present study, we investigated the effects of mildronate in a rat model of Parkinson’s disease (PD) that was generated via a unilateral intrastriatal injection of the neurotoxin 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA). We assessed the expression of cell biomarkers that are involved in signaling cascades and provide neural and glial integration: the neuronal marker TH (tyrosine hydroxylase); ubiquitin (a regulatory peptide involved in the ubiquitin-proteasome degradation system); Notch-3 (a marker of progenitor cells); IBA-1 (a marker of microglial cells); glial fibrillary acidic protein, GFAP (a marker of astrocytes); and inducible nitric oxide synthase, iNOS (a marker of inflammation). The data show that in the 6-OHDA-lesioned striatum, mildronate completely prevented the loss of TH, stimulated Notch-3 expression and decreased the expression of ubiquitin, GFAP and iNOS. These results provide evidence for the ability of mildronate to control the expression of an array of cellular proteins and, thus, impart multi-faceted homeostatic mechanisms in neurons and glial cells in a rat model of PD. We suggest that the use of mildronate provides a protective effect during the early stages of PD that can delay or halt the progression of this neurodegenerative disease.
Role and gender differences in cancer-related distress: a comparison of survivor and caregiver self-reports.

PURPOSE/OBJECTIVES To examine role and gender differences on measures of psychological distress as a consequence of dealing with cancer. DESIGN Cross-sectional, descriptive, quantitative analyses of retrospective survey data. SETTING A large, nonprofit, volunteer-based cancer organization. The sample was recruited through an online cancer survivor's network (61%), a rural event (24%), and hospital registries (15%). SAMPLE Convenience sample of 135 cancer survivors matched to their family caregivers (N = 270). METHODS Dyads (i.e., survivors and family caregivers) completed matched questionnaires requesting demographic and medical information and measures of cancer-related distress. MAIN RESEARCH VARIABLES Role (i.e., survivor or caregiver), gender, and psychological distress. FINDINGS Caregiver means on overall psychological distress were significantly higher than those shown for survivors. Caregiver scores were significantly higher on distress for diagnosis and fear of cancer recurrence. Females scored higher than male caregivers on cancer-related anxiety, future uncertainties, fear of recurrence, and future diagnostic tests. Gender differences were not found for survivor distress. CONCLUSIONS Results suggest a need for gender-specific, dyad-tailored cancer support services. IMPLICATIONS FOR NURSING As expert caregivers, nurses can provide valuable assistance with the caregiving process that may decrease distress during the family's cancer experience and adaptation period.
LIMS for Lasers 2015 for achieving long-term accuracy and precision of δ(2)H, δ(17)O, and δ(18)O of waters using laser absorption spectrometry.

RATIONALE Although laser absorption spectrometry (LAS) instrumentation is easy to use, its incorporation into laboratory operations is not easy, owing to extensive offline manipulation of comma-separated-values files for outlier detection, between-sample memory correction, nonlinearity (δ-variation with water amount) correction, drift correction, normalization to VSMOW-SLAP scales, and difficulty in performing long-term QA/QC audits. METHODS A Microsoft Access relational-database application, LIMS (Laboratory Information Management System) for Lasers 2015, was developed. It automates LAS data corrections and manages clients, projects, samples, instrument-sample lists, and triple-isotope (δ(17)O, δ(18)O, and δ(2)H values) instrumental data for liquid-water samples. It enables users to (1) graphically evaluate sample injections for variable water yields and high isotope-delta variance; (2) correct for between-sample carryover, instrumental drift, and δ nonlinearity; and (3) normalize final results to VSMOW-SLAP scales. RESULTS Cost-free LIMS for Lasers 2015 enables users to obtain improved δ(17)O, δ(18)O, and δ(2)H values with liquid-water LAS instruments, even those with under-performing syringes. For example, LAS δ(2) HVSMOW measurements of USGS50 Lake Kyoga (Uganda) water using an under-performing syringe having ±10 % variation in water concentration gave +31.7 ± 1.6 ‰ (2-σ standard deviation), compared with the reference value of +32.8 ± 0.4 ‰, after correction for variation in δ value with water concentration, between-sample memory, and normalization to the VSMOW-SLAP scale. CONCLUSIONS LIMS for Lasers 2015 enables users to create systematic, well-founded instrument templates, import δ(2) H, δ(17) O, and δ(18) O results, evaluate performance with automatic graphical plots, correct for δ nonlinearity due to variable water concentration, correct for between-sample memory, adjust for drift, perform VSMOW-SLAP normalization, and perform long-term QA/QC audits easily.
The social assistance policy in urban China: a critical review

– The purpose of this paper is to assess China’s urban social assistance policy, mainly by examining the findings of in-depth interviews with urban Dibao recipients in Chengdu about their experiences with social assistance, and by comparing what the social assistance offers with the urban poor households’ actual needs and vulnerabilities. , – In this study, the author interviewed 15 people from urban Dibao Households in Wuhou District and Qingyang District of Chengdu, China. The interviews were conducted from April to August in 2013, usually in their homes. The small sample naturally limits generalizations, however it can point to directions for future research. , – It is found out that urban Dibao which is the core of social assistance policy provides insufficient cash support and other special assistance programs are more of tokenistic which do not offer much help. Besides, due to lack of psychological aid, many recipients show negative and pessimistic attitudes toward life. , – Regarding the assessment of social assistance policy in China, the international literature has shown little interest. Several Chinese scholars have analyzed urban social assistance system, but they tend to examine or assess from the perspective of policy makers and focus on making policy suggestions. Thus, there is not much information about whether what the social assistance offers could meet the urban poor households’ actual needs and vulnerabilities. An interesting endeavor would be to explore and assess the urban social assistance policy from the perspective of the recipients, and this is exactly what this paper aims to do.
Performance and Security Improvements for Tor

Tor [Dingledine et al. 2004] is the most widely used anonymity network today, serving millions of users on a daily basis using a growing number of volunteer-run routers. Since its deployment in 2003, there have been more than three dozen proposals that aim to improve its performance, security, and unobservability. Given the significance of this research area, our goal is to provide the reader with the state of current research directions and challenges in anonymous communication systems, focusing on the Tor network. We shed light on the design weaknesses and challenges facing the network and point out unresolved issues.
Microphysical Properties of Clouds with Low Liquid Water Paths: An Update from Clouds with Low Optical (Water) Depth

Clouds play a critical role in the modulation of the radiative transfer in the atmosphere, and how clouds interact with radiation is one of the primary uncertainties in global climate models (GCMs). To reduce this uncertainty, the U.S. Department of Energy's Atmospheric Radiation Measurement (ARM) program collects an immense amount of data from its Climate Research Facilities (CRFs); these data include observations of radiative fluxes, cloud properties from active and passive remote sensors, upper atmospheric soundings, and other observations. The program's goal is to use these coincident, longterm observations to improve the parameterization of radiative transfer in clear and cloudy atmospheres in GCMs.
Stenog-Shell Framework for Anonymous File Exchange

Email systems and removable storage devices are the two most popular and user-friendly mechanisms of file exchange that provide privacy preserving and security for data communication. Most previous work has focused on mitigating external attacks on data communication by improving data encryption and integrity techniques. In this paper, we present a novel anonymization-based framework (Stenog-Shell) that focuses on internal attacks on breached emails and stolen removable storage devices (i.e., the attacks from the insiders of an organization who have full awareness and even access to the targeted data). We also propose a novel scheme to disguise the file's identity based on stenography. To evaluate our approach, we implemented our Stenog-Shell prototype and tested it with a realistic application in both emails and removable storage devices environments. Our results indicate that our Stenog-Shell prototype can effectively support several file formats with low memory usage and high performance.