Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
European Consensus Guidelines on the Management of Respiratory Distress Syndrome - 2016 Update

Advances in the management of respiratory distress syndrome (RDS) ensure that clinicians must continue to revise current practice. We report the third update of the European Guidelines for the Management of RDS by a European panel of expert neonatologists including input from an expert perinatal obstetrician based on available literature up to the beginning of 2016. Optimizing the outcome for babies with RDS includes consideration of when to use antenatal steroids, and good obstetric practice includes methods of predicting the risk of preterm delivery and also consideration of whether transfer to a perinatal centre is necessary and safe. Methods for optimal delivery room management have become more evidence based, and protocols for lung protection, including initiation of continuous positive airway pressure and titration of oxygen, should be implemented from soon after birth. Surfactant replacement therapy is a crucial part of the management of RDS, and newer protocols for surfactant administration are aimed at avoiding exposure to mechanical ventilation, and there is more evidence of differences among various surfactants in clinical use. Newer methods of maintaining babies on non-invasive respiratory support have been developed and offer potential for greater comfort and less chronic lung disease. As technology for delivering mechanical ventilation improves, the risk of causing lung injury should decrease although minimizing the time spent on mechanical ventilation using caffeine and if necessary postnatal steroids are also important considerations. Protocols for optimizing the general care of infants with RDS are also essential with good temperature control, careful fluid and nutritional management, maintenance of perfusion and judicious use of antibiotics all being important determinants of best outcome.
Divide and Conquer Approach to Contact Map Overlap Problem Using 2D-Pattern Mining of Protein Contact Networks

A novel approach to Contact Map Overlap (CMO) problem is proposed using the two dimensional clusters present in the contact maps. Each protein is represented as a set of the non-trivial clusters of contacts extracted from its contact map. The approach involves finding matching regions between the two contact maps using approximate 2D-pattern matching algorithm and dynamic programming technique. These matched pairs of small contact maps are submitted in parallel to a fast heuristic CMO algorithm. The approach facilitates parallelization at this level since all the pairs of contact maps can be submitted to the algorithm in parallel. Then, a merge algorithm is used in order to obtain the overall alignment. As a proof of concept, MSVNS, a heuristic CMO algorithm is used for global as well as local alignment. The divide and conquer approach is evaluated for two benchmark data sets that of Skolnick and Ding et al. It is interesting to note that along with achieving saving of time, better overlap is also obtained for certain protein folds.
High Dynamic Range Video Compression Exploiting Luminance Masking

The human visual system (HVS) exhibits nonlinear sensitivity to the distortions introduced by lossy image and video coding. This effect is due to the luminance masking, contrast masking, and spatial and temporal frequency masking characteristics of the HVS. This paper proposes a novel perception-based quantization to remove nonvisible information in high dynamic range (HDR) color pixels by exploiting luminance masking so that the performance of the High Efficiency Video Coding (HEVC) standard is improved for HDR content. A profile scaling based on a tone-mapping curve computed for each HDR frame is introduced. The quantization step is then perceptually tuned on a transform unit basis. The proposed method has been integrated into the HEVC reference model for the HEVC range extensions (HM-RExt), and its performance was assessed by measuring the bitrate reduction against the HM-RExt. The results indicate that the proposed method achieves significant bitrate savings, up to 42.2%, with an average of 12.8%, compared with HEVC at the same quality (based on HDR-visible difference predictor-2 and subjective evaluations).
Group-size-dependent punishment of idle subordinates in a cooperative breeder where helpers pay to stay

In cooperative breeding systems, dominant breeders sometimes tolerate unrelated individuals even if they inflict costs on the dominants. According to the ‘pay-to-stay’ hypothesis, (i) subordinates can outweigh these costs by providing help and (ii) dominants should be able to enforce help by punishing subordinates that provide insufficient help. This requires that dominants can monitor helping and can recognize group members individually. In a field experiment, we tested whether cooperatively breeding cichlid Neolamprologus pulcher subordinates increase their help after a forced ‘idle’ period, how other group members respond to a previously idle helper, and how helper behaviour and group responses depend on group size. Previously idle helpers increased their submissiveness and received more aggression than control helpers, suggesting that punishment occurred to enforce help. Subordinates in small groups increased their help more than those in large groups, despite receiving less aggression. When subordinates were temporarily removed, dominants in small groups were more likely to evict returning subordinates. Our results suggest that only in small groups do helpers face a latent threat of punishment by breeders as predicted by the pay-to-stay hypothesis. In large groups, cognitive constraints may prevent breeders from tracking the behaviour of a large number of helpers.
Short Communication: Gender differences in coping with the major external stress of the Washington, D.C. sniper

This study examined the relationship between gender and strategies for coping for individuals faced with a perceived major, life-threatening stressor. The focus here was the sniper(s) that terrorized the greater Washington, D.C. metropolitan area for over 3 weeks in October 2002. A retrospective survey of 144 random respondents regarding their behavior and coping mechanisms during this period indicated that, overall, women's behavior was affected more than men's. Unexpectedly, most emotion-focused coping mechanisms studied here yielded no significant gender differences. The findings are discussed in light of recent thinking in social psychology on sex-role stereotyping and risk-taking. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
CONSUMERS, CHARACTERS, AND PRODUCTS: A Balance Model of Sitcom Product Placement Effects

This study examines the influence of product placements in television serial comedies on consumer attitudes toward the products. Proposing a "Balance Model of Sitcom Product Placement Effects," the study integrates genre theory to analyze character-product associations in sitcoms, parasocial theory to consider consumer-character referential relations, and balance theory to address the main research issue of the way that characters' relations to placed products and consumers' relations to the characters affect consumers' attitudes to the products. The model is based on balance theory, in which attitude alignment is the explanation for links between a triad composed of the consumer, the sitcom character, and the placed product. The influence of two consumer-character variables (attitude and parasocial attachment) and two character- product variables (valence and strength of association) are tested in a real-world situation. The methodology uses real televised sitcoms as stimuli, real viewers as respondents, and a real-time on-line survey to measure the relationship among the variables. Study findings support the predictions that consumers align their attitudes toward products with the characters' attitudes to products and that this process is driven by the consumers' attachment to the characters.
Euclidean Information Theory of Networks

In this paper, we extend the information theoretic framework that was developed in earlier works to multi-hop network settings. For a given network, we construct a novel deterministic model that quantifies the ability of the network in transmitting private and common messages across users. Based on this model, we formulate a linear optimization problem that explores the throughput of a multi-layer network, thereby offering the optimal strategy as to what kind of common messages should be generated in the network to maximize the throughput. With this deterministic model, we also investigate the role of feedback for multi-layer networks, from which we identify a variety of scenarios in which feedback can improve transmission efficiency. Our results provide fundamental guidelines as to how to coordinate cooperation between users to enable efficient information exchanges across them.
Stress, health and disease.

Find loads of the stress in health and disease book catalogues in this site as the choice of you visiting this page. You can also join to the website book library that will show you numerous books from any types. Literature, science, politics, and many more catalogues are presented to offer you the best book to find. The book that really makes you feels satisfied. Or that's the book that will save you from your job deadline.
Talking to Yourself for Fun and Proﬁt

—Browsers limit how web sites can access the network. Historically, the web platform has limited web sites to HTTP, but HTTP is inefﬁcient for a number of applications—including chat and multiplayer games—for which raw socket access is more appropriate. Java, Flash Player, and HTML5 provide socket APIs to web sites, but we discover, and experimentally verify, attacks that exploit the interaction between these APIs and transparent proxies. At a cost of less than $1 per exploitation, our attacks poison the proxy’s cache, causing all clients of the proxy to receive malicious content supplied by the attacker. We then propose a modiﬁcation of the HTML5 WebSocket protocol that resists these (and other) attacks. The WebSocket working group has adopted a variant of our proposal.
Dart : A Meta-Level Object-Oriented Framework for Task-Specific Behavior Modeling by Domain Experts

We propose an object-oriented framework for complex behavior modeling by domain experts. It is set in the context of Adaptive Object-Models and FlowIndependent architectures. It is an evolution of Dragos Manolescu's MicroWorkflow architecture. We add to it several abstractions needed to reify a number of concerns common to modeling by domain experts. Our aim is to make it easier for domain specialists to write behavior models in their own terms, using sophisticated interfaces built on top of the framework.
Towards Efficient Online Compression of Incrementally Acquired Point Clouds

We present a framework for the online compression of incrementally acquired point cloud data. For this, we extend an existing vector quantization-based ofﬂine point cloud compression algorithm to handle the challenges that arise from the envisioned online scenario. In particular, we learn a codebook in advance from training data and replace a computationally demanding part of the algorithm with a faster alternative. We show that the compression ratios and reconstruction quality are comparable to the ofﬂine version while the speed is sufﬁciently improved. Furthermore, we investigate how well codebooks that are generated from different amounts of training data generalize to larger sets of point cloud data. Categories and Subject Descriptors (according to ACM CCS)
Proteomic Classification of Liver Cancer using Artificial Neural Network

Acknowledgments I gratefully acknowledge the inspiration and guidance of my supervisor, Mr. Willy Tse (HKU SPACE, The University of Hong Kong) throughout the course of this work. I am greatly indebted to Dr. providing tremendous support, including proteomic data and computing facilities for this study. I may also thank my father, my brother, Ms. Marcella Ma, Mr. Stanley Lam for their useful advice and suggestions, and to all the staffs in HKU SPACE and colleagues in the department of Surgery for their help and cooperation Last but not least, I would like to express my gratitude to my family for their patience and support throughout these years of study. Abstract Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is one of the most deadly cancers worldwide. Current advances in proteomic approaches facilitate several proteome wide studies in identifying markers as well as insights into the mechanisms of HCC development. Facing a relatively large amount of data in the proteome, modern high-order data mining techniques may provide a systematic way in search for meaningful and biological significant pattern and trends hidden in the proteomic dataset. In this study, a proteomic dataset of 132 HCC related tumour and non-tumour samples, each consisting of 1433 variables was used for construction and evaluation of classification models based on artificial neural network (ANN) and classification and regression trees (CART) algorithm. Both algorithms successfully segregate samples into corresponding phenotypes with high sensitivities and specificities enlightening the usefulness and possibilities of data mining techniques in genomic and proteomic expression profiling studies.
The Role of National Context and HR Strategy in Shaping Training and Development Practice in French and U.K. Organizations

A comparative analysis of French and U.K. organizations is used to explore the impact of national context and formal human resources (HR) strategy on employee development systems. Survey data is drawn from 531 French and 879 U.K. organizations. The results indicate that national context is the strongest predictor of how employee development is organized above and beyond the impact of a formalized HR strategy. In contrast to French organizations, U.K. companies tend to be less restrictive in the range of management tools they use for monitoring, evaluating and delivering training and development. These differences are considered in the light of divergent national approaches to education and skill development. The use of a formalized HR strategy was correlated with the collection of work-force data on training and development need and effectiveness. It is suggested that the formalization of an HR strategy promotes HR planning mechanisms. The implications of these findings with respect to the ethnocentricity of the human resource management literature are considered.
No space for citizens? Conceptualisations of citizenship in a functional region

This article aims to discuss whether there is such a thing as citizenship performed at the level of the sub-state region and, if so, how this can be studied. It is suggested that aspects of citizenship should be studied not only in the context of sub-state administrative units, but also in the context of more loosely interconnected functional economic regions. The main argument for this is that, although there is no ‘contract’ between the polity and the citizen in these functional regions, they are often highly politicized spaces, governed by coalitions of public and private actors whose actions can be of considerable importance for those inhabiting them. It is also suggested that, in the absence of formal rights and institutionalized relations between citizens and polity, we need to explore how ‘citizens’ and ‘citizenship’ are conceptualized by the polity in these regions more broadly. The article focuses (a) on the conditions for citizenship in the functional region and (b) on those discourses of citizenship that emerge under the conditions identified. A tentative conclusion is that, in the absence of formal citizenship rights connected to the functional space, a discourse about citizens and citizenship has emerged, which is focuses solely on citizens' capacity to contribute to economic growth.
Testing the Factorial Invariance of the English and Filipino Versions of the Inventory of School Motivation With Bilingual Students in the Philippines

The study explored the invariance of Filipino and English versions of the Inventory of School Motivation (ISM) for Filipino-English bilingual students. There was invariance in the factor structure and factor loadings across the two language versions. Between-network construct validation showed consistent associations between ISM-mastery goals and sense-of-self dimensions.
Voice without accountability: the changing relationship between employers, the state and education in England

In the past decade employers, market and private sector influences have had a marked impact on vocational education and training (VET) policy. This article critically examines the effect of such impact on the relationship between employers, state and education in England. It is argued that largely unfettered de‐regulation practices have gifted employers a ‘voice without accountability’ that has shifted regulation and responsibility for VET onto the State and education and away from the workplace. The article considers the consequences of this for future VET reform in terms of 14–19, further and higher education, and social inclusion policies, alongside wider changes in economy and society. Looking beyond critique, the article argues for clearer rules of engagement for employer, state and education partnerships, where power and accountability is a shared rather than a privileged option.
Automatic alignment of stacks of filament data

We present a fast and robust method for the alignment of image stacks containing filamentous structures. Such stacks are usually obtained by physical sectioning a specimen, followed by an optical sectioning of each slice. For reconstruction, the filaments have to be traced and the sub-volumes aligned. Our algorithm takes traced filaments as input and matches their endpoints to find the optimal transform. We show that our method is able to quickly and accurately align sub-volumes containing neuronal processes, acquired using brightfield microscopy. Our method also makes it possible to align traced microtubuli, obtained from electron tomography data, which are extremely difficult to align manually.
RELATED AND UNRELATED CHANGES IN CONVERSION AND RECOMBINATION FREQUENCIES WITH TEMPERATURE IN

N current models (e.g., WHITEHOUSE 1963; HOLLIDAY 1964) ; recombination I and gene conversion are postulated to have some processes in common, such as the formation of hybrid-DNA: factors influencing these particular processes should therefore have related effects on recombination and conversion frequencies. Processes not in common might be affected differently, so some treatments should cause recombination and conversion frequencies to change in related ways, while others might change them in unrelated ways. Factors such as temperature and ultraviolet light have been tried: for example, MITCHELL (1957) found that heat shock of conidia used in fertilization increased conversion but not recombination frequency in Neurospora. In Ascobolus, LISSOUBA (1960) found steady increases in conversion and recombination frequencies with temperature, but with Qlos of 5 and 2, re;pectively, while STADLER (1959) found no marked differences in conversion or recombination frequencies in a Neurospora cross at 18" compared with 25". UV light strongly stimulated non-reciprocal inter-allelic recombination in yeast but not outside-marker recombination (ROMAN and JACOB 1958). These results are consistent with conversion and recombination being independent processes, but data such as those of CASE and GILES (1958a and b) and KITANI, OLIVE and EL-ANI (1962) strongly suggest that they are not independent. This question has been reinvestigated here by studying changes in conversion and recombination frequencies from crosses of Sordaria fimicola incubated at different temperatures. Temperature effects have frequently been used to study recombination (see MCNELLY-INGLE, AMB and FROST 1966) but few parallel studies on conversion have been made, and then using only a small range of temperatures. Sordaria fimicola is suitable for studies of recombination and conversion (OLIVE 1956, 1959) and is fertile over a wide range of temperatures. To test the prediction outlined above, crosses were incubated at different temperatures over the widest range possible, 10" to 30°C, using successive 2.5"C intervals for detailed coverage.
'Inclusion in Practice': Does practice make perfect?

Four sets of issues raised in the papers published in this special issue of 'Educational Review' are discussed. First problems surrounding the use of the term inclusion are sketched. Secondly, the tendency of writers to resort to reductionism is examined: can the constricting of inclusive education to a traditional special educational framework and the disconnecting of inclusive education policy from the broader educational policy context be avoided? Thirdly, the papers in this issue researching the parent and then the pupil perspective are welcomed as a counterweight to the common silencing of the voice of disabled people and their families. Finally, issues surrounding the training of teachers are raised: should not the preparation of 'inclusive' teachers be woven right across the fabric of the teacher-training curriculum?
Management accounting in less developed countries: what is known and needs knowing

Purpose - The purpose of this paper is to evaluate management accounting research in developing countries and formulate suggestions for its progression. Design/methodology/approach - This is a desk based study of existing literature analysed through a framework of management control transformation in developing countries derived from the authors' research. Findings - Research is growing, especially on accounting in state-owned and privatised enterprises but more is needed on small and micro enterprises, agriculture, non-governmental organisations, and transnational institutions. Originality/value - This is the first review of this area and thus should help intending and existing scholars.
Realizing children's right to participation in early childhood settings: some critical issues in a Norwegian context

The UN Convention on the Rights of the Child has during recent decades influenced professionals and policy‐makers in Norway as well as in other countries, resulting in changes in documents regulating early childhood institutions. Little is known, however, about the way this right is understood and realized in everyday practice. How is the concept of participation understood by professionals in the field? What issues emerge as problematic in everyday practice? Combining findings from an evaluation study and research from early childhood institutions, it is possible to unravel three problem areas. They are described under these headings: (a) Interpreting participation with a bias towards individualism? (b) Play and playful interaction – an integral part of children's right to participation? (c) Are the youngest children ‘mature’ enough? The article is rounded off by pointing to the need to pay critical attention both to what is happening on policy levels, and to theoretical perspectives influencing the professionals in the field.