Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Complete detoxification is the most effective treatment of medication-overuse headache: A randomized controlled open-label trial

Background There is lack of evidence on how to detoxify medication-overuse headache. Aim To compare the effect of complete stop of acute medication with restricted intake. Methods Medication-overuse headache patients were included in a prospective, outpatient study and randomized to two months’ detoxification with either a) no analgesics or acute migraine-medication (program A), or b) acute medication restricted to two days/week (program B). Detoxification was followed by preventives if indicated. Patients were followed up at 2, 6 and 12 months. Percentage reduction in headache days/month after 6 months was the primary outcome. Results We included 72 medication-overuse headache patients with a primary migraine and/or tension-type headache diagnosis. Fifty-nine completed detoxification, 58 (81%) were followed up at month 6 and 53 (74%) at month 12. At month 6, program A reduced headache days/month by 46% (95% CI 34–58) compared with 22% (95% CI 11–34) in program-B (p = 0.005), and 70% in program A versus 42% in program B were reverted to episodic headache (p = 0.04). Migraine-days/month were reduced by 7.2 in program A (p < 0.001) and 3.6 in program B (p = 0.002) after 6 months. Conclusion Both detoxification programs were very effective. Detoxification without analgesics or acute migraine-medication was the most effective program. Trial registration Clinicaltrials.gov (NCT02903329).
Pattern separation in the hippocampus through the eyes of computational modeling

Pattern separation is a mnemonic process that has been extensively studied over the years. It entails the ability ‐of primarily hippocampal circuits‐ to distinguish between highly similar inputs, via generating different neuronal activity (output) patterns. The dentate gyrus (DG) in particular has long been hypothesized to implement pattern separation by detecting and storing similar inputs as distinct representations. The ways in which these distinct representations can be generated have been explored in a number of theoretical and computational modeling studies. Here, we review two categories of pattern separation models: those that address the phenomenon in an abstract mathematical fashion and those that delve into the underlying biological mechanisms by taking into account the anatomy and/or physiology of hippocampal circuits. We summarize the strategies, findings and limitations of these modeling approaches in the light of new experimental findings and propose a unifying framework whereby different network, cellular and sub‐cellular mechanisms converge to a common goal: controlling sparsity, the key determinant of pattern separation in the DG.
Recycling turkey hens with low light intensity.

Yearling turkey breeder hens were recycled into a second egg production cycle by exposure to 16 hr of light per day (16L:8D) of . 5, 2.2, 4.3, or 7.6 lx intensity. Controls were exposed to 6L:18D of 55 lx intensity. At the end of the 8-week recycling treatments, all hens were photostimulated with 16L:8D of 55 lx intensity and the time to first egg and rate of egg production were recorded. Low light intensity terminated photorefractoriness and resulted in egg production comparable to the controls in the . 5 lx treatment only. Light intensities of 2.2, 4.3, and 7.6 lx resulted in significantly reduced egg production. Turkey hens can be successfully recycled with a low light intensity of . 5 lx but not 2.2 lx or greater.
The effects of varying frequency and duration of mechanical stimulation on a tissue-engineered tendon construct

ABSTRACT Decellularized, discarded human tissues, such as the human umbilical vein, have been widely utilized for tissue engineering applications, including tendon grafts. When recellularized, such natural scaffolds are cultured in 3D dynamic culture environments (bioreactor systems). For tendon tissue-engineered grafts, such systems often employ oscillatory mechanical stimulation in the form uniaxial tensile strain. The three main parameters of such stimulation are frequency, duration, and force. In this study we investigated the effects of changing the duration (0.5, 1, and 2 h/day) and frequency (0.5, 1, 2 cycles/min) of stimulation of a human umbilical vein seeded with mesenchymal stem cells cultured for up to 7 days. Strain of the construct was held constant at 2%. The highest proliferation rates were observed in the 0.5 h/day duration and 1 cycle/min frequency (203% increase) with a close second being 1 h/day and 1 cycle/min frequency (170% increase). Static cultures along with a 2 cycles/min frequency and a 2 h/day duration of stretching did not increase cellular proliferation significantly. Extracellular matrix quality and alignment of the construct fibers had a direct relation to cellularity and those groups with the highest cellularity improved the most. Gene expression indicated cellular activity consistent with tendon-like tissue remodeling. In addition, scleraxis, tenascin-C, and tenomodulin were upregulated in certain groups after 7 days, with osteoblast, chondrocyte, and adipocyte phenotypes depressed. The stimulation parameters investigated in this study indicated that slower frequencies and shorter durations were best for construct quality in early stage cultures.
Dose reduction of recombinant human tumor necrosis factor inhibitors (etanercept) can be effective in ankylosing spondylitis patients with synovitis of the hip in a Chinese population

Ankylosing spondylitis (AS) is an immune-mediated inflammatory arthritis and enthesitis involving the spine and peripheral joints. In recent years, specific antagonist of tumor necrosis factor (anti-TNFα, etanercept) 50 mg weekly therapy has rapidly gained popularity for the treatment of AS. However, the dose of etanercept has not been determined in Asian, particularly Chinese populations. The purpose of the study was to evaluate the efficacy and safety of dose reduction of etanercept (50 mg/week in 4 weeks followed by 25 mg/week in 8 weeks) in the treatment of AS with synovitis of the hip, as against the conventional dose (50 mg/week in 12 weeks) in a Chinese population. Forty-three Chinese AS patients with synovitis of the hip were involved in this study. Seventeen of them were randomized to receive conventional dose of etanercept treatment and 26 were given a dose reduction regimen for 12 weeks. The primary efficacy endpoint was disease activity of response for AS at week 12, including Bath AS Disease Activity Index (BASDAI), the serum erythrocyte sediment rate (ESR), C-reactive protein (CRP), and assessment of synovitis of the hip by ultrasonography. At 12 weeks, all of the patients had responses to some extent and the efficacy variables improved significantly over time, but not between treatment groups. Nine patients experienced at least one adverse event (generally, infections and injection site reactions), most of them mild or moderate. In sum, the dose reduction of etanercept regimen in the 12-week AS treatment was confirmed as a safe and effective therapy as the conventional dose was given.
Nutritional Practices and Taboos Among Pregnant Women Attending Antenatal Care at General Hospital in Kano, Northwest Nigeria

Background: Food taboos among rural women have been identified as one of the factors contributing to maternal undernutrition in pregnancy. Aim: The aim of this study was to explore some of the taboos and nutritional practices among pregnant women attending antenatal care at a General Hospital in Dawakin Kudu LGA, Kano, Nigeria. Subjects and Methods: This was a cross-sectional study involving 220 pregnant women. Interviewer-administered structured questionnaire was used to interview the respondents, which showed various sociodemographic information, cultural nutritional processes, taboos of the community, and a 24 h food recall. The ages, parities, and gestational ages of the women were collated. Descriptive statistics was used. Data were analyzed using SPSS statistical software Version 17.0 (SPSS Inc., Chicago, IL, USA). Association between sociodemographic factors and nutritional practices and taboos was determined using Chi-square test and P< 0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results: At the end of the study, 200 participants (91%) gave complete information. Most of the women, 70% (140/200) were in the 20–39 years age range with mean (standard deviation [SD]) age of 23.7 (6.1) years, mostly uneducated, 70% (140/200), and unemployed, 51% (102/200). Most of the women did a child spacing of 12–24 months, 62% (124/200) with mean (SD) child spacing interval of 26.32 (10.19) months. Gestational age at booking was mostly 13–26 weeks, 48% (96/200) with an average of 26.60 (8.01). Most of the women had 1–4 children, 54.5% (109/200) with mean (SD) of 2.47 (2.50). Most of the women agreed that they had adequate intake of oil, 86% (172/200), meat/fish, 92% (194/200), fruit/vegetables 56% (112/200), and had 3 meals/day 80% (152/200), and did not practice pica 83% (166/200). All of the women, 100% (200/200) believe that women should eat more during pregnancy in order to have healthy babies. They were mostly supported by their husbands, 53% (106/200) and less likely by the community, 34% (17/200). The nutritional practices and taboos of the women showed a statistically significant association with age, parity, and support received from husband and community (P < 0.05). Educational status is not associated with their nutritional practices and taboos. Conclusion: Although sociocultural indices of the respondents were poor, their intake of good nutrition and abstinence from nutrition taboos were satisfactory. Further studies are intended to objectively study the nutritional practices/taboos in pregnancy.
Visualization of Propellant Behavior inside Catalyst Thruster Using Neutron Radiography

One of our studies to improve the reliability of propulsion systems is the activity of visualization through which we can directly observe the physical and chemical phenomena that occur inside the catalyst thruster. In this paper, we introduce the visualization test results of the catalyst thruster utilizing Neutron Radiography. Neutron Radiography is a non-destructive imaging technique using thermal neutrons. Contrary to X-rays, neutrons are attenuated by some light materials such as hydrogen, but penetrate heavy materials. Using these neutron properties, we have conducted various visualization tests of the propellant behaviors inside the catalyst thruster elements. This paper includes an overview of Neutron Radiography and the preliminary visualization test results of the catalyst thruster elements obtained with Neutron Radiography.
Neural Processing of Threat Cues in Young Children With Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Symptoms

A growing literature indicates that attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) involves difficulty processing threat-related emotion faces. This deficit is especially important to understand in young children, as threat emotion processing is related to the development of social skills and related behavioral regulation. Therefore, the current study aimed to better understand the neural basis of this processing in young children with ADHD symptoms. Forty-seven children between 4 and 7 years of age were included in the analysis, 28 typical developing and 19 with clinically significant levels of ADHD hyperactive/impulsive symptoms. Participants completed a passive affective face-viewing task. Event-related potentials were assessed for each emotion, and parental report of child behavior and emotion regulation abilities was assessed. Children with ADHD symptoms showed altered N170 modulation in response to specific emotion faces, such that the N170 was less negative in response to fearful compared to neutral faces, whereas typically developing children showed the opposite pattern. Groups did not differ in reactivity to anger or non-threat-related emotion faces. The N170 difference in fearful compared to neutral faces correlated with reported behavior, such that less fear reactivity predicted fewer prosocial behaviors. Abnormalities in the underlying neural systems for fear processing in young children with ADHD symptoms may play an important role in social and behavioral deficits within this population.
Evaluation of Maximum a Posteriori Estimation as Data Assimilation Method for Forecasting Infiltration-Inflow Affected Urban Runoff with Radar Rainfall Input

High quality on-line flow forecasts are useful for real-time operation of urban drainage systems and wastewater treatment plants. This requires computationally efficient models, which are continuously updated with observed data to provide good initial conditions for the forecasts. This paper presents a way of updating conceptual rainfall-runoff models using Maximum a Posteriori estimation to determine the most likely parameter constellation at the current point in time. This is done by combining information from prior parameter distributions and the model goodness of fit over a predefined period of time that precedes the forecast. The method is illustrated for an urban catchment, where flow forecasts of 0–4 h are generated by applying a lumped linear reservoir model with three cascading reservoirs. Radar rainfall observations are used as input to the model. The effects of different prior standard deviations and lengths of the auto-calibration period on the resulting flow forecast performance are evaluated. We were able to demonstrate that, if properly tuned, the method leads to a significant increase in forecasting performance compared to a model without continuous auto-calibration. Delayed responses and erratic behaviour in the parameter variations are, however, observed and the choice of prior distributions and length of auto-calibration period is not straightforward.
Physical and Chemical Properties Analysis of Jatropha curcas Seed Oil for Industrial Applications

A study on the physicochemical properties of Jatropha curcas seed oil for industrial applications were carried out. Physicochemical properties of J. curcas seed oil (59.32% lipids) showed high content of LA (36.70%), iodine value (104.90 mg/g) and saponification value (203.36 mg/g). The present study shows that, J. curcas seed oil is rich in oleic and linoleic acids. The J. curcas seed oil with the highest amount of polyunsaturated fatty acids (linoleic acid) can find an application in surface coating industries and biolubricant base oil applications, whereas the high amount of monounsaturated fatty acid can find an application as a biodiesel feed stock. J. curcas seed oil contains major TAG of monounsaturated OLL, POL, SLL, PLL, OOL, OOO and POP followed by LLL. J. curcas seed oil can be classified as unsaturated oil with an unsaturated fat level of 80.42%. Hence the J. curcas seed oil has great potential for industrial applications such as in paint and surface coatings, production of biodiesel and biolubricant. Therefore, it is crucial to have more research on J. curcas seed oil in the future to explore its potential as a future industrial oilseed crop. Keywords—Physical, chemical, Jatropha curcas seed oil, industrial applications.
Bridging the divide: a model-data approach to Polar and Alpine microbiology

Advances in microbial ecology in the cryosphere continue to be driven by empirical approaches including field sampling and laboratory-based analyses. Although mathematical models are commonly used to investigate the physical dynamics of Polar and Alpine regions, they are rarely applied in microbial studies. Yet integrating modelling approaches with ongoing observational and laboratory-based work is ideally suited to Polar and Alpine microbial ecosystems given their harsh environmental and biogeochemical characteristics, simple trophic structures, distinct seasonality, often difficult accessibility, geographical expansiveness and susceptibility to accelerated climate changes. In this opinion paper, we explain how mathematical modelling ideally complements field and laboratory-based analyses. We thus argue that mathematical modelling is a powerful tool for the investigation of these extreme environments and that fully integrated, interdisciplinary model-data approaches could help the Polar and Alpine microbiology community address some of the great research challenges of the 21st century (e.g. assessing global significance and response to climate change). However, a better integration of field and laboratory work with model design and calibration/validation, as well as a stronger focus on quantitative information is required to advance models that can be used to make predictions and upscale processes and fluxes beyond what can be captured by observations alone.
Effect of dietary animal tallow and vegetable oil on fatty acid composition of egg yolk, adipose tissue and liver of laying hens.

Abstract Effect of four levels of dietary animal tallow, soybean oil, sunflower oil and rapeseed oil on the changes in the fatty acid composition of liver, egg yolk and adipose tissue of laying hens was studied. Changes in the fatty acid composition were generally proportional to the respective fatty acid patterns of dietary fat. Linoleic acid from soybean, sunflower oil and rapeseed oil source was preferentially deposited in tissue and egg yolk with a simultaneous depression of oleic and palmitoleic deposition. Constant or increasing level of long chain saturated acid was found irrespective of dietary stearic acid level when hens were fed high linoleic acid diets. Animal tallow or low-fat decreased linoleic acid and increased oleic acid in tissue and egg yolk, indicating that linoleic acid was conserved in the body fat of laying hens and that oleic acid was preferentially synthesized from non-fat or fat precursors. High dietary levels of rapeseed oil suppressed the linoleic acid deposition and increased the oleic acid in the liver. Erucic acid of the diet was deposited in substantial amount in egg yolk and liver, whereas none was detected in adipose tissue. Linolenic acid from soybean oil was more actively deposited in egg yolk and tissue than from rapeseed oil. The metabolic fate of individual fatty acids from different fat sources and their interaction due to the fatty acid make-up of dietary oils were discussed.
Gait Speed as a Measure in Geriatric Assessment in Clinical Settings : A

Centre for Research in Geriatric Medicine, School of Medicine, The University of Queensland, Australia. Allied Health Research Collaborative, Metro North Health Service District, Queensland Health, Australia. School of Physiotherapy and Exercise Science, Griffith University, Queensland, Australia. Queensland Clinical Trials & Biostatistics Centre, School of Population Health, The University of Queensland, Australia.
Compressive Sensing-Based Random Access with Multiple-Sequence Spreading for MTC

In this paper, we present a new structure for compressive sensing(CS)-based random access (RA) scheme for machine-type communications (MTC). In the proposed scheme, we consider a one-shot transmission in which users transmit their packets right away by spreading them with multiple spreading sequences (MS) over a frame without waiting for scheduling grant from the base station. The scheme is designed for delayconstrained & sporadic traffic where a massive number of users have a very low activity factor, small packet sizes and limited power. It has been shown that by employing the proposed scheme the channel access success rate can be increased without incurring additional detection complexity. In different regions of users' activity factor, two sources of random access failure have been identified. In the design of the MS scheme, the tradeoff between these two factors can be considered to optimize the system. For strictly delay-intolerant applications where retransmission is not allowed, it is shown that about 10 times more users can be supported by employing MS in comparison with a type of random access in long term evolution (LTE) network.
The Axon Initial Segment: An Updated Viewpoint

At the base of axons sits a unique compartment called the axon initial segment (AIS). The AIS generates and shapes the action potential before it is propagated along the axon. Neuronal excitability thus depends crucially on the AIS composition and position, and these adapt to developmental and physiological conditions. The AIS also demarcates the boundary between the somatodendritic and axonal compartments. Recent studies have brought insights into the molecular architecture of the AIS and how it regulates protein trafficking. This Viewpoints article summarizes current knowledge about the AIS and highlights future challenges in understanding this key actor of neuronal physiology.
Antinociceptive effects of imidazoline I2 receptor agonists in the formalin test in rats (658.2)

Pain is a significant global public health problem and currently available analgesics are not adequate to meet the clinical needs, leaving a big population with undertreated pain. The imidazoline I2 receptor is an emerging drug target for analgesics as I2 receptor agonists demonstrate antinociceptive effects in rodent models of acute and chronic pain. However, little is known of the neuroanatomical mechanism mediating I2 receptor agonist‐induced antinociception. This study examined the effects of the selective I2 receptor agonists 2‐BFI, BU224, and CR4056 using the formalin test in rats. 2‐BFI (1‐10 mg/kg, i.p.) and BU224 (1‐10 mg/kg, i.p.) dose‐dependently attenuated the spontaneous flinching behavior observed during 10min (phase 1) and 20‐60min (phase 2) following formalin (2%, 50µl) treatment, while CR4056 (1‐32 mg/kg, i.p.) only decreased phase 2 flinching. Local administration of 2‐BFI (1‐10 mg/kg, s.c.) to the hindpaw of rats had no antinociceptive effects. In contrast, centrally delivered 2‐BFI (10‐100 µg, i.c.v.) dose‐dependently attenuated phase 1 and phase 2 flinching. Together, these data suggest that I2 receptor agonists produce significant antinociception via a central mechanism and further supports that I2 receptors may represent a novel drug target to treat pain. (DA034806)
The potential of monensin for body weight control and ad libitum feeding of broiler breeders from day-old to sexual maturity.

A total of 180 male and 360 female day-old Indian River broiler breeder chicks were randomly allocated to 18 floor pens in an open-sided pullet brooding and growing house. The birds were subjected to six growing systems that were a combination of three levels of monensin (100, 300, and 400 ppm) and two levels of starter crude protein (CP) (14 and 18% CP) in a randomized complete block design. The basal diets were formulated to be isocaloric, containing 2920 kcal ME/kg. Birds fed 100 ppm of monensin were feed restricted and served as controls, while birds fed 300 or 400 ppm of the drug were fed ad libitum from day-old to sexual maturity. The parameters determined were biweekly individual body weights, feed consumption, internal organ weights, bone and serum mineral composition, and mortality to 21 weeks of age. In general, birds fed high levels of monensin plus ad libitum feeding from day-old were more variable in body weight compared to the feed-restricted controls. In the females, high levels of monensin in the diet were associated with significant reductions in body weight, even with ad libitum feeding, to 21 weeks of age. Male birds fed 300 ppm of the drug were significantly heavier than the feed-restricted controls but were still within the range recommended at this age. High levels of monensin in the diet were associated with a significant reduction in cumulative ad libitum feed consumption compared to the feed-restricted controls. (ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)