Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Content-Based Image Retrieval: A Survey on Local and Global Features Selection, Extraction, Representation, and Evaluation Parameters

In the era of massive data production through the internet and social media, the volume of images generated is immense. Storing and retrieving relevant images efficiently pose significant challenges. Content-based image retrieval (CBIR) has emerged as a prevalent method for retrieving relevant images based on query images from large image collections. CBIR relies on three fundamental elements: the selection, extraction, and representation of features. This paper delves into a comprehensive survey of these crucial aspects. This paper begins by investigating the significance and wide-ranging applications of CBIR. It subsequently delves into an intricate analysis of feature selection, encompassing attributes such as color, texture, shape, and descriptors. Following this, the paper navigates through sections dedicated to feature extraction techniques and their subsequent representation. Furthermore, this paper includes an assessment of recent research articles and the methodologies they employ within the realm of CBIR. Significantly, CBIR has witnessed a notable expansion to incorporate deep learning techniques in recent times. The survey presents an overview of these recent methods and their integration into CBIR frameworks. This paper concludes by offering an extensive outline of 215 articles, encompassing a wide range of analyses conducted within the field of CBIR. Finally, this paper also outlines potential research directions for the future. It sheds light on areas where CBIR can continue to evolve and enhance its capabilities.
Mathematical Modelling and Simulation of BLDC Motor with Trapezoidal Control Technique

In this paper, a mathematical modelling of a 3-phase BLDC motor that uses an ideal back EMF and accurate speed control is presented. This system uses the equivalent output from three hall sensors to detect the location of the rotor at any given moment and then switches a six-step inverter to drive the motor as a result. Phase voltages and the electromagnetic torque equation serve as the model's foundation. The transfer function has been used in additional analysis to obtain the necessary degree of performance. Moreover, the rotor's mechanical speed and angle determine the optimal back EMF. Due to its straightforward control structure and simplicity of use, the PI controller can control speeds in a wide range.
COMPARISON OF ETM+ AND ASTER DATA FOR HYDROTHERMAL ALTERATION MAPPING IN THE CENTRAL PART OF THE DEHAJ-SARDUYEH BELT, KERMAN PROVINCE

: The study area is located in the Dehaj-Sarduyeh belt in Kerman province. This belt forms the south eastern part of the Central Iranian Volcanic Belt. Enhanced Thematic Mapper plus (ETM+) and Advanced Spaceborne Thermal Emission and Reflection Radiometer (ASTER) data have been used for this study. Different image processing techniques such as false color composite, band ratioing and principal component analysis are used for recognizing the alteration zones related to the copper mineralisation. The aim of this investigation is to compare ETM+ and ASTER data and finding out their capabilities to recognize the altered and iron oxide bearing areas. This investigation showed that ETM+ data due to its blue region spectral band can enhance the iron oxide rich areas much better than ASTER data. ASTER data due to its various spectral bands in the short wave infrared is more capable of enhancing clay bearing areas.
Content Based Image Retrieval: Survey on the Combination of Colour Features and Texture Features

-Digital image processing encompasses processes whose inputs and outputs are images and also encompasses process that extract attributes from images and including the recognition of individual objects. With the increase in popularity of the network and development of multimedia technologies, users are not satisfied with the traditional information retrieval techniques so there should be an appropriate system to efficiently manage these collections. The most common approach used is Content Based Image Retrieval . Goal of Content Based Image Retrieval system is to support image retrieval based on visual content of image. There are many algorithms for efficient image retrieval. In this survey paper the techniques used for content based image retrieval are discussed. It also introduced the combination of features like color, texture for accurate and effective Content Based Image Retrieval System.
Mindfulness meditation training effects on CD 4 + T lymphocytes in HIV-1 infected adults : A small randomized controlled trial

Art­i­cle hi­st­ory­: Received 19 May 2008 Received in revised form 11 July 2008 Accepted 12 July 2008 Available online xxxx Mindfulness meditation training has stress reduction benefits in various patient populations, but its effects on biological markers of HIV-1 progression are unknown. The present study tested the effi­cacy of an 8-week Mindfulness-based stress reduction (MBSR) meditation program compared to a 1-day control seminar on CD4+ T lymphocyte counts in stressed HIV infected adults. A single-blind randomized controlled trial was conducted with enrollment and follow-up occurring between November 2005 and December 2007. A diverse community sample of 48 HIV-1 infected adults was randomized and entered treatment in either an 8-week MBSR or a 1-day control stress reduction education seminar. The primary outcome was circulating counts of CD4+ T lymphocytes. Participants in the 1-day control seminar showed declines in CD4+ T lymphocyte counts whereas counts among participants in the 8-week MBSR program were unchanged from baseline to post-intervention (time £ treatment condition interaction, p = .02). This effect was independent of antiretroviral (ARV) medication use. Additional analyses indicated that treatment adherence to the mindfulness meditation program, as measured by class attendance, mediated the effects of mindfulness meditation training on buffering CD4+ T lymphocyte declines. These findings provide an initial indication that mindfulness meditation training can buffer CD4+ T lymphocyte declines in HIV-1 infected adults. Clinical Trials Registration: clinicaltrials.gov, Identifier: NCT00600561. © 2008 Published by Elsevier Inc. Key­words:
Analysis of PS-Converted Wave Azimuth Anisotropy—A Case Study from Daqing Oilfield

A case study on Daqing Oilfield is performed to analyse PS-converted wave seismic data in the presence of azimuth anisotropy. PS-converted wave splitting analysis is applied first to obtain the fast P-SV1 and slow P-SV2 components. Then individual azimuth velocity analysis is performed to obtain azimuthal velocity models, which can be used to estimate fracture properties and improve imaging. In fracture characterization of the whole survey area, the result estimated from the splitting analysis proves to be a more robust representation of fracture properties. However, the azimuthal analysis provides another way to investigate fractures, which is useful in making calibrated studies with other methods.
LRP1 and RAGE Genes Transporting Amyloid and Tau Protein in the Hippocampal CA3 Area in an Ischemic Model of Alzheimer’s Disease with 2-Year Survival

Explaining changes at the gene level that occur during neurodegeneration in the CA3 area is crucial from the point of view of memory impairment and the development of post-ischemic dementia. An ischemic model of Alzheimer’s disease was used to evaluate changes in the expression of genes related to amyloid transport in the CA3 region of the hippocampus after 10 min of brain ischemia with survival of 2, 7 and 30 days and 12, 18 and 24 months. The quantitative reverse transcriptase PCR assay revealed that the expression of the LRP1 and RAGE genes involved in amyloid transport was dysregulated from 2 days to 24 months post-ischemia in the CA3 area of the hippocampus. LRP1 gene expression 2 and 7 days after ischemia was below control values. However, its expression from day 30 to 24 months, survival after an ischemic episode was above control values. RAGE gene expression 2 days after ischemia was below control values, reaching a maximum increase 7 and 30 days post-ischemia. Then, after 12, 18 and 24 months, it was again below the control values. The data indicate that in the CA3 area of the hippocampus, an episode of brain ischemia causes the increased expression of the RAGE gene for 7–30 days during the acute phase and that of LRP1 from 1 to 24 months after ischemia during the chronic stage. In other words, in the early post-ischemic stage, the expression of the gene that transport amyloid to the brain increases (7–30 days). Conversely, in the late post-ischemic stage, amyloid scavenging/cleaning gene activity increases, reducing and/or preventing further neuronal damage or facilitating the healing of damaged sites. This is how the new phenomenon of pyramidal neuronal damage in the CA3 area after ischemia is defined. In summary, post-ischemic modification of the LRP1 and RAGE genes is useful in the study of the ischemic pathways and molecular factors involved in the development of Alzheimer’s disease.
A Fast Convergent Pose Estimation Algorithm and Experiments Based on Vision Images

Camera location and pose estimation from the 3D object and its 2D image are important problems in computer vision.The orthogonal iteration(OI)algorithm is analyzed,the rotational matrix solution is refined.Experiment results show that,using the improved algorithm,the relative errors of distance from camera to object are less than ±0.41%,in the range of 0.45～5.20 m,and the rotation angle errors are less than ±1.8° in a distance of 3 m.Simulation results show that the improved method can fast converge,rapidly,increase the noise resistance performance,and give more accurate rotation and translation parameters as compared with the OI algorithm when the data corrupted.
Multimodal Data and Resource Efficient Device-Directed Speech Detection with Large Foundation Models

Interactions with virtual assistants typically start with a trigger phrase followed by a command. In this work, we explore the possibility of making these interactions more natural by eliminating the need for a trigger phrase. Our goal is to determine whether a user addressed the virtual assistant based on signals obtained from the streaming audio recorded by the device microphone. We address this task by combining 1-best hypotheses and decoder signals from an automatic speech recognition system with acoustic representations from an audio encoder as input features to a large language model (LLM). In particular, we are interested in data and resource efficient systems that require only a small amount of training data and can operate in scenarios with only a single frozen LLM available on a device. For this reason, our model is trained on 80k or less examples of multimodal data using a combination of low-rank adaptation and prefix tuning. We compare the proposed system to unimodal baselines and show that the multimodal approach achieves lower equal-error-rates (EERs), while using only a fraction of the training data. We also show that low-dimensional specialized audio representations lead to lower EERs than high-dimensional general audio representations.
Integrating scRNA-seq and bulk RNA-seq to characterize infiltrating cells in the colorectal cancer tumor microenvironment and construct molecular risk models

Colorectal cancer (CRC) is a malignancy that is both highly lethal and heterogeneous. Although the correlation between intra-tumoral genetic and functional heterogeneity and cancer clinical prognosis is well-established, the underlying mechanism in CRC remains inadequately understood. Utilizing scRNA-seq data from GEO database, we re-isolated distinct subsets of cells, constructed a CRC tumor-related cell differentiation trajectory, and conducted cell-cell communication analysis to investigate potential interactions across cell clusters. A prognostic model was built by integrating scRNA-seq results with TCGA bulk RNA-seq data through univariate, LASSO, and multivariate Cox regression analyses. Eleven distinct cell types were identified, with Epithelial cells, Fibroblasts, and Mast cells exhibiting significant differences between CRC and healthy controls. T cells were observed to engage in extensive interactions with other cell types. Utilizing the 741 signature genes, prognostic risk score model was constructed. Patients with high-risk scores exhibited a significant correlation with unfavorable survival outcomes, high-stage tumors, metastasis, and low responsiveness to chemotherapy. The model demonstrated a strong predictive performance across five validation cohorts. Our investigation involved an analysis of the cellular composition and interactions of infiltrates within the microenvironment, and we developed a prognostic model. This model provides valuable insights into the prognosis and therapeutic evaluation of CRC.
Adiponectin: A Promising Target for the Treatment of Diabetes and Its Complications

Diabetes mellitus, a chronic metabolic disorder characterized by hyperglycemia, presents a formidable global health challenge with its associated complications. Adiponectin, an adipocyte-derived hormone, has emerged as a significant player in glucose metabolism and insulin sensitivity. Beyond its metabolic effects, adiponectin exerts anti-inflammatory, anti-oxidative, and vasoprotective properties, making it an appealing therapeutic target for mitigating diabetic complications. The molecular mechanisms by which adiponectin impacts critical pathways implicated in diabetic nephropathy, retinopathy, neuropathy, and cardiovascular problems are thoroughly examined in this study. In addition, we explore possible treatment options for increasing adiponectin levels or improving its downstream signaling. The multifaceted protective roles of adiponectin in diabetic complications suggest its potential as a novel therapeutic avenue. However, further translational studies and clinical trials are warranted to fully harness the therapeutic potential of adiponectin in the management of diabetic complications. This review highlights adiponectin as a promising target for the treatment of diverse diabetic complications and encourages continued research in this pivotal area of diabetes therapeutics.
Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma: The Characteristics of Contrast-Enhanced Ultrasound Are Correlated with the Hypoxic Microenvironment

A hypoxic microenvironment is associated with an increased risk of metastasis, treatment resistance and poor prognosis of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC). This study aimed to identify contrast-enhanced ultrasound (CEUS) characteristics that could predict the hypoxic microenvironment of PDAC. A total of 102 patients with surgically resected PDAC who underwent CEUS were included. CEUS qualitative and quantitative characteristics were analyzed. The expression of hypoxia-inducible factor-1α (HIF-1) and glucose transporter-1 (GLUT1) were demonstrated by immunohistochemistry. The associations between CEUS characteristics and the HIF-1α and GLUT1 expression of PDACs were evaluated. We found that HIF-1α-high PDACs and GLUT1-high PDACs had a larger tumor size and were more prone to lymph node metastasis. There was a significant positive linear correlation between the expression of HIF-1α and GLUT1. CEUS qualitative characteristics including completeness of enhancement and peak enhancement degree (PED) were related to the expression of HIF-1α and GLUT1. A logistic regression analysis showed that tumor size, lymph node metastasis, incomplete enhancement and iso-enhancement of PED were independent predictors for HIF-1α-high PDACs and GLUT1-high PDACs. As for quantitative characteristics, HIF-1α-high PDACs and GLUT1-high PDACs showed higher peak enhancement (PE) and wash-in rate (WIR). CEUS can effectively reflect the hypoxia microenvironment of PDAC, which may become a noninvasive imaging biomarker for prognosis prediction and individualized treatment.
Fine crustal structure in the south of Beijing revealed by deep seismic reflection profiling

In order to investigate the crustal structure features,the geometry of buried faults,the fault activities and the relationship of deep and shallow tectonics,a deep seismic reflection profile was completed in south region of Beijing plain.The results show that the crust beneath the survey area is divided into the upper and the lower crust by a strong reflection zone at about 6~7 s TWT.The thickness of the upper and the lower crust is about 18~19 km and 16~17 km,respectively.The depth of the Moho interface is about 34~35 km.There are considerable fluctuation and variation of crystalline basement in the study region.Both the discontinuity of the upper and the lower crust and the Moho discontinuity are transitional zones.There are rich reflection layers,many fault structures in the upper crust,and the structure patterns are clear.In the northwestern region of the Xiadian fault,the deep seismic reflection section shows 4~5 groups of strong reflection seismic phase,which exhibit the typical characteristics of a bulge.In the southeastern region of the Xiadian fault,there is a set of dense southeastward-dipping reflection strata with relatively strong energy in the upper portion of the section,and there is a set of strong reflection strata which exhibit apparent differences and complicated structures in the lower portion.These reflection strata have the typical characteristics of a sedimentary basin and the maximum depth of the basin is about 11 km.The crustal deep fault revealed by the deep seismic reflection profile has a steep angle.It penetrates upwards through the interface of the upper and the lower crust,and extends upwards into the bottom of sedimentary basin in the upper crust.It penetrates downwards through the crust-mantle transitional zone and constitutes a special combination relationship with the upper faults and the sedimentary basin.
Social support and self-concept clarity as mediators between college students’ passive social network site use and loneliness

The current study tested the mediating roles of social support and self-concept clarity in the relationship between passive social network site use and loneliness. A total of 709 undergraduate students (females = 44.15%, mean age = 19.10, SD = 0.95) completed the Passive Social Network Questionnaire, Multidimensional Scale of Perceived Social Support, Self-Concept Clarity Scale as well as the UCLA Loneliness Scale. Latent variables structural equation modelling analysis indicated that passive social network site use was negatively associated with loneliness. Social support and self-concept clarity significantly mediated the relationship between passive social network site use and loneliness, reducing the risk for loneliness, and with sequential mediating effects of social support and self-esteem. This study’s findings suggest that the passive use of social networking sites can help students gain more social support, improve self-concept clarity, and in turn reduce loneliness. Increasing social support and enhancing self-concept clarity through psychological intervention programmes may be an effective way to reduce individual loneliness.
Iranian Journal of Basic Medical Sciences Selection of Single-chain Variable Fragments Specific for Mycobacterium Tuberculosis Esat-6 Antigen Using Ribosome Display Introduction

Original artical Objective(s): Tuberculosis (TB) is still one of the problematic infectious diseases in developing countries, especially in Iran. In the present study, we applied ribosome display technique to select single chain variable fragments (scFvs) specific for the 6-kDa early secretory antigenic target (ESAT-6) antigen of Mycobacterium tuberculosis from a mouse scFv library. Materials and Methods: The gene encoding ESAT-6 was cloned into pET22b(+) plasmid and expressed in Escherichia coli BL21 (DE3). The purified recombinant ESAT-6 protein was injected into female BALB/c mice for immunization, and then m-RNA was extracted from the spleen of immunized mice. The anti-ESAT-6 VH/k chain library was assembled by joining of VH and k into the VH/k chain with a 72-bp DNA linker by SOE (splicing by overlap extension) PCR. The scFv library was panned against ESAT-6 using a single round of ribosome display via a rabbit reticulocyte lysate system. Results: ELISA assay showed that one of the selected scFvs had higher affinity against the recombinant ESAT-6 protein. The affinity of the candidate scFv was ̴ 3.74×10 8 M-1. Conclusion: It could be proposed that the isolated scFv in this study may be useful for the diagnosis of TB. Selection of single-chain variable fragments specific for Mycobacterium tuberculosis ESAT-6 antigen using ribosome display.
World Journal of Gastroenterology

BACKGROUND The increased prevalence of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) among patients with obesity and type 2 diabetes suggests a causal link between these diseases, potentially involving the effect of hyperglycemia to disrupt intestinal barrier integrity. AIM To investigate whether the deleterious impact of diabetes on the intestinal barrier is associated with increased IBD severity in a murine model of colitis in mice with and without diet-induced obesity.
Novel Energy Management of Hybrid Wind-PV-Battery Supplied DC Microgrid

Renewable energy sources for electric power generation are rapidly increasing worldwide. The establishment of hybrid DC microgrids powered by renewable energy sources is becoming more and more popular because of its unique properties, particularly in remote areas Photovoltaic (PV) and PMSG coupled wind energy discussion systems can be integrated anywhere in order to produce reliable electricity. For the system to maximise the usage of renewable energy, an efficient maximum power point tracking (MPPT) device is required. To keep the system's energy balance intact, a storage device-like a battery bank-is integrated into the microgrid via a bidirectional dc-dc converter. Various results with realistic nature are adopted by developing Hardware-in the-Loop through OPAL-RT modules. Extensive results are examined under various case studies to enhance the significant of proposed method.
White lupin (Lupinus albus L.), the neglected multipurpose crop: Its production and utilization in the mixed crop-livestock farming system of Ethiopia

A survey was conducted to generate holistic information on the production and utilization of local white lupin in two lupin growing districts, namely, Mecha and Sekela, representing mid and high altitude areas, respectively in North-western Ethiopia. During the survey, two types of participatory rural appraisal (PRA) techniques, namely, individual farmer interview (61 farmers from Mecha and 51 from Sekela) and group discussion (with 20 farmers from each district) were employed. There are significant differences (P 0.05) between the two study districts for the variables like land allocated for lupin cultivation, lupin seed rate, lupin soaking at home, lupin consumption per family per week and proportion of lupin used for household consumption. The use of the crop as livestock feed is negligible due to its high alkaloid content. It is concluded that the local white lupin in Ethiopia is a valuable multipurpose crop which is being cultivated in the midst of very serious shortage of cropland. Its ability to maintain soil fertility and serve as a source of food in seasons of food scarcity makes it an important crop. However, its bitter taste due to its high alkaloid content remains to be a big challenge and any lupin improvement strategy has to focus on minimizing the alkaloid content of the crop.