Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Automatic Matching of Legacy Code to Heterogeneous APIs: An Idiomatic Approach

Heterogeneous accelerators often disappoint. They provide the prospect of great performance, but only deliver it when using vendor specific optimized libraries or domain specific languages. This requires considerable legacy code modifications, hindering the adoption of heterogeneous computing. This paper develops a novel approach to automatically detect opportunities for accelerator exploitation. We focus on calculations that are well supported by established APIs: sparse and dense linear algebra, stencil codes and generalized reductions and histograms. We call them idioms and use a custom constraint-based Idiom Description Language (IDL) to discover them within user code. Detected idioms are then mapped to BLAS libraries, cuSPARSE and clSPARSE and two DSLs: Halide and Lift. We implemented the approach in LLVM and evaluated it on the NAS and Parboil sequential C/C++ benchmarks, where we detect 60 idiom instances. In those cases where idioms are a significant part of the sequential execution time, we generate code that achieves 1.26x to over 20x speedup on integrated and external GPUs.
Antimicrobial Activities and Phytochemical Screening of Callus and Seeds Extracts of Fenugreek (Trigonella foenum-graecum)

Plants are rich source of effective and safe medicines that often used in the treatment of various ailments. There are many published reports from different parts of the world on the antimicrobial properties of medicinal plants, and as a result, plants are still recognized as the bedrock for modern medicine to treat infectious diseases [27]; International Journal of Current Microbiology and Applied Sciences ISSN: 2319-7706 Volume 4 Number 2 (2015) pp. 147-157 http://www.ijcmas. com
New-Onset Diabetes After Transplantation 2003 International Consensus Guidelines: an endocrinologist's view.

New-onset diabetes and impaired glucose tolerance (IGT) are among the most serious metabolic complications of solid organ transplantation. Despite the importance of these conditions to the outcome of transplant recipients, their precise incidence is difficult to determine. This is due to the fact that there has been, until recently, no consensus regarding the definition of new-onset diabetes after transplantation. Thus different studies described in the literature have used a variety of diagnostic criteria (1). Consequently, the reported incidence of new-onset diabetes after transplantation has varied between 2 and 53%, whereas the prevalence of diabetes in the general population is estimated at ∼4% (2,3). Although new-onset diabetes has been recognized as a complication of transplantation for 50 years (4), the significance of the condition has been grossly underestimated. This is largely due to the fact that diabetes in transplant recipients was generally thought not to be associated with the micro- and macrovascular complications of diabetes in the nontransplant population (5). It is now clear, however, that the development of new-onset diabetes after transplantation is a major determinant of the increased cardiovascular morbidity and mortality seen in transplant recipients (6–8). Furthermore, studies indicate that the development of diabetes after transplantation has serious consequences for the patient, being associated with reduced graft function and patient survival and increased risk of graft loss (5,9,10). In addition, a recent analysis has revealed that the costs of developing new-onset diabetes after kidney transplantation are $12,000–$13,000 higher than for those with no diabetes by the end of the first year following transplantation. These costs rise to $19,000–$22,000 higher by the end of the second year (11). Studies suggest that a number of risk factors exist that may predict the development of new-onset diabetes in transplant patients. In …
Multikinase inhibitor in combination with chemotherapy in the treatment of advanced breast cancer-a meta-analysis

Background: Multikinase inhibitors in combination with chemotherapy have recently been evaluated in patients with advanced breast cancer (ABC) in the adjuvant treatment, but limited data are available. We performed a meta-analysis of prospective randomized controlled trials to evaluate both the efficacy and safety of approved multikinase inhibitors combined with chemotherapy in the treatment of ABC. Methods: Relevant literature search were performed comprehensively up to June 2015. The endpoints were progression-free survival (PFS), overall survival (OS), overall response rate (ORR) and grade 3 or 4 adverse event (AEs). The available data were pooled and evaluated using Stata 12.0 (StataCorp, College Station, USA). Results: Seven randomized controlled trials (RCTs) with 1694 patients were included. Our pooled results showed that, compared to chemotherapy alone, multikinase inhibitors in combination with chemotherapy improved the PFS [hazard ratio (HR), 0.74; 95% confidence interval (CI), 0.63-0.84; P<0.001] and ORR [odds ratios (OR), 1.66; 95% CI, 1.35-2.05; P<0.001], but this did not correspond to an improvement in OS (HR, 1.02; 95% CI, 0.84-1.19; P<0.001). Additionally, a higher incidence of grades 3/4 hypertension, diarrhea, hand-foot syndrome, rash, stomatitis, and mucositis were observed in multikinase inhibitor-based therapy. Conclusions: Our results suggested that the combination of multikinase inhibitors and chemotherapy benefits ABC patients in PFS and ORR, but not OS, and may also have resulted in increased AEs.
A black market for upvotes and likes

Purpose: This research investigates controversial online marketing techniques that involve buying hundreds or even thousands of upvotes, likes, comments, etc. Methodology: Observation and categorization of 7,426 campaigns posted on the crowdsourcing platform microworkers.com over a 365 day (i.e., yearlong) period were conducted. Hypotheses about the mechanics and effectiveness of these campaigns were established and evaluated. Findings: The campaigns contained a combined 1,856,316 microtasks, 89.7% of which were connected to online promotion. Techniques for search engine manipulation, comment-generating in the scale of tens of thousands, online vote manipulation, mass account creation, methods for covering tracks were discovered. The article presents an assessment of the effectiveness of such campaigns as well as various security challenges created by these campaigns. Research limitations: The observed campaigns form only a small portion of the overall "black market". This is due to invite-only campaigns and the presence of alternative, unobservable platforms. Practical implications: The findings of this article could be input for detecting and avoiding such online campaigns. Social implications: The findings show that in some conditions tremendous levels of manipulation of an online discourse can be achieved with a limited budget. Originality: While there is related work on "follower factories" and "click/troll farms", those entities offer complete "solutions" and their techniques are rather opaque. By investigating a crowdsourcing platform, this research unveils the underlying mechanics and organization of such campaigns. The research is based on a uniquely large number of observations. Small, cheap campaigns, the manipulation of less significant platforms is also included, while the related work tends to focus on mass, politically motivated efforts.
Smartphone based Driving Style Classification Using Features Made by Discrete Wavelet Transform

Smartphones consist of different sensors, which provide a platform for data acquisition in many scientific researches such as driving style identification systems. In the present paper, smartphone data are used to evaluate the driving styles based on maneuvers analysis. The data obtained for each maneuver is the speed of the vehicle steering and the vehicle's direct and lateral acceleration. To classify the drivers based on their driving style, machine-learning algorithms can be used on these data. However, these data usually contains more information than it is needed and cause a bad effect on the learning accuracy. In addition, they may transfer some wrong information to the learning algorithm. Thus, we used Haar discrete wavelet transformation to remove noise effects. Then, we get the discrete wavelet transformation with four levels from smartphone sensors data, which include low-to-high frequencies, respectively. The obtained features vector for each maneuver includes the raw signal variance as well as the variance of the wavelet transform components. On these vectors, we use the k-nearest neighbors algorithm for features selection. Then, we use SVM, RBF and MLP neural networks on these features to separate braking and dangerous speed maneuvers from the safe ones as well as dangerous turning, U-turn and lane-changing maneuvers. The results are very interesting.
Aggregating Strategies for Long-term Forecasting

The article is devoted to investigating the application of aggregating algorithms to the problem of the long-term forecasting. We examine the classic aggregating algorithms based on the exponential reweighing. For the general Vovk's aggregating algorithm we provide its generalization for the long-term forecasting. For the special basic case of Vovk's algorithm we provide its two modifications for the long-term forecasting. The first one is theoretically close to an optimal algorithm and is based on replication of independent copies. It provides the time-independent regret bound with respect to the best expert in the pool. The second one is not optimal but is more practical and has $O(\sqrt{T})$ regret bound, where $T$ is the length of the game.
Efficient Hardware Realization of Convolutional Neural Networks Using Intra-Kernel Regular Pruning

The recent trend toward increasingly deep convolutional neural networks (CNNs) leads to a higher demand of computational power and memory storage. Consequently, the deployment of CNNs in hardware has become more challenging. In this paper, we propose an Intra-Kernel Regular (IKR) pruning scheme to reduce the size and computational complexity of the CNNs by removing redundant weights at a fine-grained level. Unlike other pruning methods such as Fine-Grained pruning, IKR pruning maintains regular kernel structures that are exploitable in a hardware accelerator. Experimental results demonstrate up to 10× parameter reduction and 7× computational reduction at a cost of less than 1% degradation in accuracy versus the unpruned case.
Introduced weeds pollinated by introduced bees: Cause or effect?

In the present review we attempt to synthesize evidence for a causative relationship between the presence of non-native bee pollinators and the successful establishment and spread of introduced weed species. Using data drawn from the literature and from our own survey conducted in New Zealand, we show that introduced bees favor foraging on introduced plant species, and that in some cases they depend totally on these plants as sources of nectar and pollen. It is also apparent that the flowers of many introduced plants are visited, exclusively or predominantly, by introduced bees. Accepting that visitation does not necessarily imply pollination, and not all plants require pollination to reproduce, we review relationships between seed set of exotic weeds and visitation by introduced pollinators. Although few studies have been carried out, we show that those reported so far all point to increased seed set when introduced plants are visited by non-native bee species. There is clear evidence for a positive link between the spread of weeds and the presence of introduced bees. Nevertheless, ecologists have neglected this aspect of weed population biology and remarkably few studies have been conducted on the importance of pollinator availability in the management of weed species. We suggest several avenues along which future research can be conducted and highlight how the management of present and future weed species may be influenced by this research.
Identifying Quantitative Trait Loci (QTLs) and Developing Diagnostic Markers Linked to Orange Rust Resistance in Sugarcane (Saccharum spp.)

Sugarcane (Saccharum spp.) is an important economic crop, contributing up to 80% of table sugar used in the world and has become a promising feedstock for biofuel production. Sugarcane production has been threatened by many diseases, and fungicide applications for disease control have been opted out for sustainable agriculture. Orange rust is one of the major diseases impacting sugarcane production worldwide. Identifying quantitative trait loci (QTLs) and developing diagnostic markers are valuable for breeding programs to expedite release of superior sugarcane cultivars for disease control. In this study, an F1 segregating population derived from a cross between two hybrid sugarcane clones, CP95-1039 and CP88-1762, was evaluated for orange rust resistance in replicated trails. Three QTLs controlling orange rust resistance in sugarcane (qORR109, qORR4 and qORR102) were identified for the first time ever, which can explain 58, 12 and 8% of the phenotypic variation, separately. We also characterized 1,574 sugarcane putative resistance (R) genes. These sugarcane putative R genes and simple sequence repeats in the QTL intervals were further used to develop diagnostic markers for marker-assisted selection of orange rust resistance. A PCR-based Resistance gene-derived maker, G1 was developed, which showed significant association with orange rust resistance. The putative QTLs and marker developed in this study can be effectively utilized in sugarcane breeding programs to facilitate the selection process, thus contributing to the sustainable agriculture for orange rust disease control.
Optimal Diagonal Power Loading Minimizing Asymptotic Symbol Error Probability for Distributed MIMO Systems With ZF Receivers

In this paper, we consider a distributed multiple-input-multiple-output (D-MIMO) system, where the channel is flat fading and may be correlated, and experiences both small- and large-scale fading. We assume that full knowledge of channel state information (CSI) is available at the receiver and that only the first-and second-order statistics of the channel are available at the transmitter. For such a system with square quadrature amplitude modulation (QAM), an asymptotic symbol error probability (SEP) is derived for the linear zero-forcing (ZF) receiver. Then, we propose an optimal diagonal power loading (PL) strategy that minimizes the dominant term of the asymptotic SEP subject to either a total transmission power constraint when the total power normalization coefficient can be fed back to the transmitter from the receiver or an individual transmission power constraint. A simple closed-form solution is obtained. Computer simulations show that our presented optimal system attains significant performance gains over the currently available equal PL system.
A Knowledge-Based Conceptual Vision of the Smart City

The term smart city is a fuzzy concept, not well defined in theoretical researches nor in empirical projects. Several definitions, different from each other, have been proposed. However, all agree on the fact that a Smart City is an urban space that tends to improve the daily life (work, school,) of its citizens (broadly defined). This is an improvement from different points of view: social, political, economic, governmental,. This paper goes beyond this definition and proposes a knowledge-based conceptual vision of the smart city, centered on people's information and knowledge of people, in order to improve decision-making processes and enhance the value-added of business processes of the modern city.
Cross-sectional and prospective associations of neighbourhood environmental attributes with screen time in Japanese middle-aged and older adults

Objectives This study examined cross-sectional and 2-year prospective associations of perceived and objectively measured environmental attributes with screen time among middle-aged Japanese adults. Design Prospective cohort study. Setting Nerima and Kanuma cities of Japan. Participants Data were collected from adults aged 40–69 years living in two cities of Japan in 2011 (baseline: n=1011; 55.3±8.4 years) and again in 2013 (follow-up: n=533; 52.7% of baseline sample). Measures The exposure variables were five geographic information system-based and perceived attributes of neighbourhood environments (residential density, access to shops and public transport, footpaths, street connectivity), respectively. The outcome variables were baseline screen time (television viewing time and leisure-time internet use) and its change over 2 years. Multilevel generalised linear modelling was used. Results On average, participants’ screen time was not statistically different over 2 years (2.3 hours/day at baseline and 2.2 hours/day at follow-up; P=0.24). There were cross-sectional associations of objective (exp(β): 1.11; 95% CI 1.01 to 1.22) and perceived (1.12; 1.02 to 1.23) good access to public transport, perceived good access to shop (1.18; 1.04 to 1.36) and perceived good street connectivity (1.11; 1.01 to 1.23) with higher time spent in screen time at baseline. No objective and perceived environmental attributes were significantly associated with change in screen time. Conclusions Activity-supportive neighbourhood environmental attributes appear to be related to higher levels of screen time cross-sectionally. Pattern of screen time might be maintained rather than changed over time under the same neighbourhood environments. Environmental interventions that promote physical activity may need to consider the potential negative health impact of screen time in Japan.
Red sea urchins (Strongylocentrotus franciscanus) can live over 100 years: confirmation with A-bomb 14 carbon

Red sea urchins (Strongylocentrotus Walters, 1992; Congdon et al., 1994; franciscanus) along the west coast of Ebert, 1998). There is also the need to North America, like most large sea understand the evolution of life histourchins in temperate waters worldries of species where long life tends to wide, are the focus of a commercially be an indicator of uncertainty in indiimportant fishery. In a review of biovidual reproductive success (Murphy, logical data for purposes of fishery 1968; Roff, 1992; Stearns, 1992). management, the life span of red sea Enhanced radiocarbon in the oceans urchins was suggested to be 7–10 due to atmospheric testing of nuclear years (Sloan, 1986) and they have weapons that began in the 1950s (Nybeen included with much shorter-lived dal and Lovseth, 1983; Broecker et species for illustrating complex populaal., 1985, Duffy et al., 1995) provides tion dynamics (Hastings and Higgins, a permanent marker in carbonate1994). Recent work with tetracycline based skeletal elements that are not and calcein tagging (Ebert, 1998; Ebert reworked by resorption and deposition et al., 1999), however, has shown that during growth and hence has a long individuals continue to grow throughtime period between mark and recovout life, although at a very slow rate, ery. The enhanced radiocarbon marker and large individuals are estimated to has been used in various studies to be in excess of 100 years old. A potenvalidate the periodic (usually annual) tial problem with the studies using nature of growth zones in fish (Kalish, tetracycline and calcein is that one1993, 1995; Campana, 1997; Campana year time intervals were used between et al., 2002) and invertebrates (Turekitagging and recapture and therefore it an et al., 1982; Witbaard et al., 1994; is possible that occasionally there may Peck and Brey, 1996) where validation have been very good years for growth by chemical tags such as tetracycline that were missed. If occasional growth has been impractical. Red sea urchins spurts occurred, largest sizes would lack interpretable growth zones (Breen have been attained in much less than and Adkins, 1976) and therefore there 100 years. The potential problem of is no natural feature to serve as a cross missed good years for growth could be check for studies using chemical tags. resolved with a marker that captures In the present study we present a test a longer period of time. The accuracy and confirmation of age in red sea of age estimates has consequences urchins estimated from tetracycline for resource management where size tagging using an enhanced 14C signal limits may need adjustment in order to in the ocean from nuclear weapons protect older individuals (Hilborn and testing. Materials and methods
RhoGEF2 and the formin Dia control the formation of the furrow canal by directed actin assembly during Drosophila cellularisation

The physical interaction of the plasma membrane with the associated cortical cytoskeleton is important in many morphogenetic processes during development. At the end of the syncytial blastoderm of Drosophila the plasma membrane begins to fold in and forms the furrow canals in a regular hexagonal pattern. Every furrow canal leads the invagination of membrane between adjacent nuclei. Concomitantly with furrow canal formation, actin filaments are assembled at the furrow canal. It is not known how the regular pattern of membrane invagination and the morphology of the furrow canal is determined and whether actin filaments are important for furrow canal formation. We show that both the guanyl-nucleotide exchange factor RhoGEF2 and the formin Diaphanous (Dia) are required for furrow canal formation. In embryos from RhoGEF2 or dia germline clones, furrow canals do not form at all or are considerably enlarged and contain cytoplasmic blebs. Both Dia and RhoGEF2 proteins are localised at the invagination site prior to formation of the furrow canal. Whereas they localise independently of F-actin, Dia localisation requires RhoGEF2. The amount of F-actin at the furrow canal is reduced in dia and RhoGEF2 mutants, suggesting that RhoGEF2 and Dia are necessary for the correct assembly of actin filaments at the forming furrow canal. Biochemical analysis shows that Rho1 interacts with both RhoGEF2 and Dia, and that Dia nucleates actin filaments. Our results support a model in which RhoGEF2 and dia control position, shape and stability of the forming furrow canal by spatially restricted assembly of actin filaments required for the proper infolding of the plasma membrane.
Clinical Outcomes in Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy: A Study of 5345 Patients from the TREAT-NMD DMD Global Database

Background: Recent short-term clinical trials in patients with Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy (DMD) have indicated greater disease variability in terms of progression than expected. In addition, as average life-expectancy increases, reliable data is required on clinical progression in the older DMD population. Objective: To determine the effects of corticosteroids on major clinical outcomes of DMD in a large multinational cohort of genetically confirmed DMD patients. Methods: In this cross-sectional study we analysed clinical data from 5345 genetically confirmed DMD patients from 31 countries held within the TREAT-NMD global DMD database. For analysis patients were categorised by corticosteroid background and further stratified by age. Results: Loss of ambulation in non-steroid treated patients was 10 years and in corticosteroid treated patients 13 years old (p = 0.0001). Corticosteroid treated patients were less likely to need scoliosis surgery (p < 0.001) or ventilatory support (p < 0.001) and there was a mild cardioprotective effect of corticosteroids in the patient population aged 20 years and older (p = 0.0035). Patients with a single deletion of exon 45 showed an increased survival in contrast to other single exon deletions. Conclusions: This study provides data on clinical outcomes of DMD across many healthcare settings and including a sizeable cohort of older patients. Our data confirm the benefits of corticosteroid treatment on ambulation, need for scoliosis surgery, ventilation and, to a lesser extent, cardiomyopathy. This study underlines the importance of data collection via patient registries and the critical role of multi-centre collaboration in the rare disease field.