Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
En busca del tiempo perdido: la conquista del mercado exterior y el desarrollo de la industria del calzado en España en la segunda mitad del siglo XX

Este articulo analiza como Espana se convirtio en una de los principales paises exportadores de calzado del mundo y cua1 ha sido la evolucion de esta industria hasta finales del siglo XX. Para ello revisa la situacion internacional de la oferta y la demanda de calzado, y compara el desarrollo de la industria espanola con el seguido por la italiana. Explica, asi, por que el despegue de las exportaciones de calzado en Espana se realizo mas tarde y en peores condiciones que en Italia. Tambien muestra que el crecimiento de la industria espanola no fue una mera consecuencia del bajo coste de la mano de obra, sino un proceso historico complejo, en el que tuvieron un papel decisivo los factores institucionales, las caracteristicas especificas del propio sector y la evolucion de los mercados exteriores.
User-feedback and optimization for multi-view calibration

Multi-view camera calibration is an essential task in the filed of 3D reconstruction which holds especially for immersive media applications like 3D videocommunication. Although the problem of multi-view calibration is basically solved, there is still space to improve the calibration process and to increase the accuracy during acquisition of calibration patterns. It is commonly known that robust and accurate calibration requires feature points that are equally distributed in 3D space covering the whole volume of interest. In this paper, we propose a user guided calibration based on a graphical user interface, which drastically simplifies the correct acquisition of calibration patterns. Based on an optimized selection of patterns and their corresponding feature points, the multi-view calibration becomes much faster in terms of data acquisition as well as computational effort by reaching the same accuracy with standard unguided acquisitions of calibration pattern.
Serial correlation in the returns of UK capitalization based portfolios

This article examines whether UK portfolio returns are time varying so that expected returns follow an AR(1) process as proposed by Conrad and Kaul for the USA. It explores this hypothesis for four portfolios that have been formed on the basis of market capitalization. The portfolio returns are modelled using a kalman filter signal extraction model in which the unobservable expected return is the state variable and is allowed to evolve as a stationary first order autoregressive process. It finds that this model is a good representation of returns and can account for most of the autocorrelation present in observed portfolio returns. This study concludes that UK portfolio returns are time varying and the nature of the time variation appears to introduce a substantial amount of autocorrelation to portfolio returns. Like Conrad and Kaul if finds a link between the extent to which portfolio returns are time varying and the size of firms within a portfolio but not the monotonic one found for the USA.
Postnatal development of GAP‐43 immunoreactivity in the auditory brainstem of the rat

Extensive data link the growth associated protein GAP‐43 to axonal elongation and synapse formation during development and in plastic responses of nervous tissue. We have studied the changing levels of GAP‐43 expression in the auditory brainstem nuclei of the developing rat by applying immunocytochemical techniques. By the first postnatal day (P1), GAP‐43 was expressed at high concentrations in all subdivisions of the cochlear nuclear complex and the superior olivary complex. At this stage, neuropil structures recognized by the antibody did not show any varicosities on cellular processes in all these regions. By P8, the texture of the stain has turned markedly more granular, a pattern likely to reflect the formation of presynaptic endings. A predominantly granular distribution of GAP‐43 has developed by P12. At that time, the staining intensity is markedly reduced compared to the levels of the newborn. By P16, the auditory brainstem nuclei have lost most of their GAP‐43 immunoreactivity, but a distinct level of staining persisted into adulthood in all of them. This staining was restricted to boutons, which are thought to be presynaptic terminals.
Serologic Evidence of Flavivirus Infection in Bats in the Yucatan Peninsula of Mexico

We captured 140 bats of seven species in Merida City in the Yucatan Peninsula of Mexico in 2010. Serum was collected from each bat and assayed by plaque reduction neutralization test (PRNT) using six flaviviruses: West Nile virus, St. Louis encephalitis virus, and dengue viruses 1–4. Flavivirus-specific antibodies were detected in 26 bats (19%). The antibody-positive bats belonged to three species: the Pallas’s long-tongued bat (Glossophaga soricina), Jamaican fruit bat (Artibeus jamaicensis), and great fruit-eating bat (Artibeus lituratus), and their flavivirus antibody prevalences were 33%, 24%, and 9%, respectively. The PRNT titers were usually highest for dengue virus 2 or dengue virus 4, but none of the titers exceeded 80. These data could indicate that most of the antibody-positive bats had been infected with dengue virus. However, because all titers were low, it is possible that the bats had been infected with another (perhaps unrecognized) flavivirus not included in the PRNT analysis, possibly a virus more closely related to dengue virus than to other flaviviruses. Each serum sample was assayed for flavivirus RNA by reverse transcription PCR, but all were negative.
Academics doing participatory disaster research: how participatory is it?

Participatory methods in disaster research and disaster risk reduction are increasingly used by non-governmental organizations (NGOs), government agencies, and academics. The three key principles of participatory research are: (a) empowering the powerless, (b) instigating changes at policy level, and (c) generating sustainable solutions that match with local communities' needs. Yet, academic research is inherently extractive and local people are generally not involved in the research project design and objectives, nor in the assessment of the research outcomes. Reflecting upon fieldwork done with disaster-affected communities, this article analyses the difficulties and limitations faced during the participatory process and challenges the capacity of participatory research, when carried out in an academic context, to generate these three key principles. It is concluded that there is need for more accountability of academics towards local communities, and greater involvement of the participants within the data collection and analysis process.
Leadership within Australian voluntary sport organization boards

This article applies leader-member exchange theory to the study of dyadic relationships between leaders (board chairs and paid executives) and members (volunteer board members) within the boards of Australian voluntary sport organizations. The article specifically examines leader-member exchanges within a sample of six Queensland State sport organizations and their relationship with board performance. It was found that leadership within voluntary sport organization boards emanates from either board chairs or executives and that when the individuals fulfilling these roles are able to develop a mature working relationship, the board's ability to perform is enhanced. These findings extend our understanding of the importance of leadership roles held by volunteers and paid professionals for the achievement of organizational outcomes.
De-Globalization and its Significance: From the Particular to the General

In the last 100 years, the city of Dundee, one of the most economically globalized cities in Britain before 1914, has been radically ‘de-globalized’ as a result of changes in its economic structure. This article explores the reasons for this: how far it is typical of the whole of Britain, and what the significance of de-globalization is for our understanding of contemporary British history. It emphasizes, in particular, the rise of ‘local Keynesianism’—the huge but little analysed rise in direct and indirect state employment in much of post-industrial Britain to compensate for the failure of the private sector to provide jobs.
Pricing American Options under Stochastic Volatility and Stochastic Interest Rates

We introduce a new analytical approach to price American options. Using an explicit and intuitive proxy for the exercise rule, we derive tractable pricing formulas using a short-maturity asymptotic expansion. Depending on model parameters, this method can accurately price options with time-to-maturity up to several years. The main advantage of our approach over existing methods lies in its straightforward extension to models with stochastic volatility and stochastic interest rates. We exploit this advantage by providing an analysis of the impact of volatility mean-reversion, volatility of volatility, and correlations on the American put price.
Differential Effects of the G-Quadruplex Ligand 360A in Human Normal and Cancer Cells

Telomeres are essential for chromosome replication and genome integrity. The 3’ singlestranded overhang of human telomere may adopt particular conformations such as T-loops and G-quadruplexes. Reactivated in most tumors, telomerase, a specific reverse transcriptase that elongates the telomeres, is thought to enable cancer cells to proliferate in an unlimited manner, thereby correcting the normal telomere erosion that occurs during cell division. The level of interest in G-quadruplex has increased due to their ability to inhibit telomerase activity. We have investigated chromosomal binding and the cellular effects induced by pyridine derivative G-quadruplex ligand in human normal and tumour cells. We show from our analysis that this G-quadruplex ligand preferentially binds the terminal regions of chromosomes in both normal and tumour cells. This compound also induces DNA damage signals in a strictly ATM-dependent manner, inhibits cell proliferation and induces apoptosis. We further observed by telo-FISH and Chromosome Orientation-FISH that this compound induces specific telomere aberrations either during or after replication and mainly consisting of sister telomere fusions and recombination events principally involving the lagging strand telomeres. We have also observed that ATM (Ataxia Telangiectasia Mutated) and ATR (Ataxia Telangiectasia Related) reduce telomere instability independently of apoptosis suggesting its direct role in preventing inappropriate DNA repair at the telomeres. We have further demonstrated that, even at elevated concentrations, G-quadruplex ligand has limited effects on proliferation of normal cells, and does not induce apoptosis or telomere aberrations. Interestingly, we observed induction of reversible premature senescence in primary fibroblasts. Taken together, our results suggest that the protein composition and/or organization of the telomeres differ markedly between normal and cancer cells, and provide higher telomere stability to normal cells.
Implementation of a Computerized Patient Handoff Application

For hospitalized patients, handoffs between providers affect continuity of care and increase the risk of medical errors. Most commercial electronic health record (EHR) systems lack dedicated tools to support patient handoff activities. We developed a collaborative application supporting patient handoff that is fully integrated with our commercial EHR. The application creates user-customizable printed reports with automatic inclusion of a variety of EHR data, including: allergies, medications, 24-hour vital signs, recent common laboratory test results, isolation requirements, and code status. It has achieved widespread voluntary use at our institution (6,100 monthly users; 700 daily reports generated), and we have distributed the application to several other institutions using the same EHR. Though originally designed for resident physicians, today about 50% of the application users are nurses, 40% are physicians/physician assistants/nurse practitioners, and 10% are pharmacists, social workers, and other allied health providers.
Dietary and Lifestyle Practices of Hmong in California

As Hmong adapt to life in Fresno, California, their dietary and lifestyle patterns are examined. Data on tobacco and alcohol use, dietary practices, and socio-demographic variables were collected from a convenience sample, stratified by age and sex. The 248 participants were interviewed. Descriptive analyses reveal that more than 63% of Hmong adults were either overweight or obese. Only 57% could speak English fluently, and 71% were economically impoverished. Hmong do not consume tobacco and alcoholic products excessively. Rice, chicken, beef, and eggs were the most frequently identified food items. Fruits and vegetables were also identified. Low alcohol and tobacco consumption may offer Hmong some protection against certain diseases. However, low socioeconomic status and rapid urbanization may have resulted in a shift from a high-energy expenditure lifestyle and high fiber diets to a sedentary lifestyle with high saturated fat food diets, which may be detrimental to the health of many Hmong.
Decorin–TGFβ Axis in Hepatic Fibrosis and Cirrhosis

Hepatic fibrosis and cirrhosis are worldwide health care problems, especially in regions with a high rate of hepatitis infection. As these diseases affect a major part of the human population, the search for antifibrotic therapies has a high priority in medical research. Transforming growth factor β1 (TGF-β1) is one of the most powerful profibrotic cytokines. Thus, blocking TGF-β1 activity by natural inhibitors represents a valid and logical strategy to combat hepatic fibrosis. One of the natural inhibitors of TGF-β1 is decorin, a small leucine-rich proteoglycan that binds with high affinity to this cytokine and prevents its interaction with pro-fibrotic receptors. Recent evidence has shown that decorin has a protective role in liver fibrogenesis insofar as its genetic ablation in mice leads to enhanced matrix deposition, impaired matrix degradation, and “activation” of hepatic stellate cells, the main producers of fibrotic tissue. Moreover, TGF-β1 exerts a stronger effect when functional decorin is absent. These data provide robust genetic evidence for a direct role of endogenous decorin in preventing and retarding hepatic fibrosis. Thus, boosting the endogenous production of decorin or systemic delivery of recombinant decorin could represent an additional therapeutic modality against hepatic fibrosis.
A Developmental Perspective of Intermanual Performance Asymmetry in Aiming

This study compared intermanual performance asymmetry between adults and children of different ages in timing components of an aiming task. Participants manipulated a computer mouse with either hand, aiming to rapidly reach targets of different widths with a pointer on a monitor. Results showed longer deceleration movements with the left hand in children, leading to increased intermanual performance asymmetry when aiming at narrower targets. Increased intermanual performance asymmetry in children is conceptualized to derive from planning to minimize trajectory variability when controlling the nondominant hand.
A Dense Single-Nucleotide Polymorphism-Based Genetic Linkage Map of Grapevine (Vitis vinifera L.) Anchoring Pinot Noir Bacterial Artificial Chromosome Contigs

The construction of a dense genetic map for Vitis vinifera and its anchoring to a BAC-based physical map is described: it includes 994 loci mapped onto 19 linkage groups, corresponding to the basic chromosome number of Vitis. Spanning 1245 cM with an average distance of 1.3 cM between adjacent markers, the map was generated from the segregation of 483 single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP)-based genetic markers, 132 simple sequence repeats (SSRs), and 379 AFLP markers in a mapping population of 94 F1 individuals derived from a V. vinifera cross of the cultivars Syrah and Pinot Noir. Of these markers, 623 were anchored to 367 contigs that are included in a physical map produced from the same clone of Pinot Noir and covering 352 Mbp. On the basis of contigs containing two or more genetically mapped markers, region-dependent estimations of physical and recombinational distances are presented. The markers used in this study include 118 SSRs common to an integrated map derived from five segregating populations of V. vinifera. The positions of these SSR markers in the two maps are conserved across all Vitis linkage groups. The addition of SNP-based markers introduces polymorphisms that are easy to database, are useful for evolutionary studies, and significantly increase the density of the map. The map provides the most comprehensive view of the Vitis genome reported to date and will be relevant for future studies on structural and functional genomics and genetic improvement.
How Much is a Lot? Historical Evidence on the Size of Fiscal Adjustments

The sizeable fiscal consolidation required to stabilize the debt-to-GDP ratios in several countries in the aftermath of the global crisis raises a crucial question on its feasibility. To answer this question, we rely on historical evidence from a sample of 91 adjustment episodes of countries during 1945-2012 that needed and wanted to adjust in order to stabilize debt to GDP. We find that, in at least half the cases, countries improved their cyclically adjusted primary balances by close to 5 percent of GDP. We also observe that, while countries typically make substantial efforts to stabilize debt, once this objective is achieved, they tend to ease their primary balances and do not necessarily get back to their initial lower debt-to-GDP ratio. We find that consolidations tended to be larger when the initial deficit was high and adjustment efforts were sustained over time. Fiscal adjustments also tended to be larger when accompanied by an easing of monetary conditions and, to a lesser extent, by an improvement in credit conditions.
Analysis of electromagnetic resonances in the case of a vehicle using different sets of field points

In order to improve the electric/electronic architecture of a vehicle, resonances should be identified and solved upstream. In this paper, we present a study of the resonances occurring inside a vehicle using a numerical code based on the Method of Moments. Three different types of sets of field points have been used to carry out this study. The first set is composed of points localized in the entire volume of passenger compartment. Points at the location of several pieces of equipment constitute the second set. The third set is made up of points along the route of the harnesses. The methodology used for this investigation is based on the computation of the electromagnetic fields on the different sets of field points, followed by the identification of the resonant frequencies by post-processing the field values. An analysis of these results shows that it is possible to study resonance occurring inside the vehicle using only the two first sets of field points, allowing the identification upstream of immunity risks to external sources.
Cardiorespiratory fitness and fatness are associated with health complaints and health risk behaviors in youth.

BACKGROUND We examined the association of cardiorespiratory fitness and fatness with health complaints and health risk behaviors in 691 (323 girls) Spanish children aged 6 to 17.9. METHODS Health complaints and health risk behaviors were self-reported using items of the Health Behavior in School-aged Children questionnaire. Weight and height were measured and body mass index was computed. Cardiorespiratory fitness was measured by the 20-m shuttle-run test, and youth categorized as fit/unfit. RESULTS Unfit youth were more likely to report health complaints sometime (OR: 2.556, 95% CI: 1.299-5.031; and OR: 1.997, 95% CI: 1.162-3.433, respectively) and health risk behaviors such as drinking alcohol sometime (OR: 5.142, 95% CI: 1.214-21.783; and OR: 2.413, 95% CI: 1.484-3.923) than their fit counterparts. Overweight-obese youth were more likely to report health complaints (OR: 1.732, 95% CI: 1.019-2.945; and OR: 1.983, 95% CI: 1.083-3.629, respectively). The analysis of the combined influence of fitness and fatness revealed that fit youth had lower health complaints index than the fat-unfit and unfat-unfit groups (all P < .05). CONCLUSIONS Low fitness and overweight-obesity increased the risk of having health complaints in youth, yet high levels of cardiorespiratory fitness might overcome deleterious effects of overweight-obesity on health complaints.
Genetic characteristics of mumps viruses isolated in Korea from 2007 to 2012

Mumps is a vaccine‐preventable viral disease. Despite vaccine coverage of >95%, the incidence of mumps has increased in Korea since 2007. This study aimed to genetically characterize mumps virus (MuV) strains that circulated in Korea between 2007 and 2012 to determine the factors underlying mumps outbreaks. MuV was isolated from 175 clinical specimens between 2007 and 2012 in Korea. Upon analysis of the SH gene in Korean mumps virus isolates, three different genotypes were identified: I, H, and F. The MuV genotypes I and H co‐circulated in Korea, and eight isolates of Korean genotype F were found within the same time period in 2008. An analysis of HN amino‐acid sequence data showed that Korean isolates had no changes in their glycosylation sites. At putative neutralizing epitope sites, the Jeryl‐Lynn strain showed 4–5 different amino acid sequences from those observed in Korean isolates. Korean isolates of genotypes I and H shared distinctive point mutations on putative neutralizing epitope positions in each genotype. This report describes the genetic characteristics of MuV strains circulating in Korea and provides information on endemic mumps infections. This information may be important to help prevent mumps and control outbreaks of mumps in Korea. J. Med. Virol. 88:1479–1486, 2016. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Epidemiology of Thyroid Dysgenesis: The Familial Component

The pathophysiology of thyroid dysgenesis remains unclear and, until recently, this disorder was generally regarded as sporadic. However, a small but significant proportion of familial cases have been identified (2%) through the study of subjects with congenital hypothyroidism, and more recent work has revealed an even higher proportion of familial thyroid dysgenesis in both symptomatic and asymptomatic individuals. These studies strongly suggest the existence of a familial component of this disorder involving dominant genetic predisposition factors with a low penetrance.
Physiological diversity of nicotinic acetylcholine receptors expressed by vertebrate neurons.

The last decade has revealed an astounding degree of physiological and st ruct ural divers it y in neurot ransmitteract ivated receptors. In part icular, mo­ lecular st udies of the acet ylcholine-gated recept ors in vert ebrate muscle cells and Torpedo elect rocyt es gave birt h to a new era of research on a relat ed s ubfamil y of nicotinic r eceptors ( nA Ch Rs) expressed by centr al and periph­ eral neurons. Th is review focuses on the nA ChR s ubt ypes expressed by neurons , viewed mainly from a ph ys iological pers pect ive. It is intended t o complement s everal excellent recent reviews o n muscle-type A ChRs (42, 45, 56) and on the anatomi cal dist ri buti on, bi ochemistry, and molecular bi ology of neuronal nAChRs (35, 61, 66, 95). The work s ummarized in this review has helped answer a long-standing q uest ion: How can t he wellknown behavioral, cognit ive, and addict ive eff ects of ni cotine be reconci led with the paucity of evidence for CNS s ynapses where t he t rans mission is mediat ed by nicot inic recept ors? The ident ificat ion of a large family of neuronal nA ChR s ubu nit genes and an array of funct ionally dist inct nA ChRs has given a bas is for t he divers e effects of nicot ine. P erhaps