Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
1 SSU between hyperinsulinemia and atherosdemsis

0892-6638/92/0006-3073/$01.50. © FASEB 3073 ABSTRACT A well-established epidemiologic association exists between hyperinsulinemia and macrovascular disease. However, the mechanism or mechanisms by which hyperinsulinemia promotes atherogenesis is unknown. Recent evidence indicates that the adrenal steroid dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA) exerts multiple antiatherogenic effects and also suggests that hyperinsulinemia may reduce serum DHEA and DHEA-sulfate levels by decreasing production and enhancing metabolic clearance. We advance the hypothesis that hyperinsulinemia promotes macrovascular disease in part by reducing serum DHEA and DHEA-sulfate levels and illustrate how this may be the case in two clinical conditions characterized by hyperinsulinemic insulin resistance: aging and obesity. -Nestler, J. E. , Clore, J. N. , Blackard, W. G. Dehydroepiandrosterone: the “missing link” between hyperinsulinemia and atherosclerosis? FASEBJ. 6: 30733075; 1992.
The effect of different tumor groupings on findings of anticarcinogenic responses in long-term rodent bioassays.

Many investigators have found that there is a decrease in tumor rates at some sites when rodents are exposed to some chemicals. The generality of this finding of anticarcinogenicity has been questioned. In this study, we evaluate the effect of several alternative ways of grouping the 3000 tumor types in the Cancer Bioassay Data System (CBDS) database of carcinogenesis test results into a limited number of classes on findings of anticarcinogenicity. We also study the influence of random variation of tumor rate on the apparent anticarcinogenic effects of specific chemicals. We compare the numbers of chemicals classified as anticarcinogenic in (1) our "standard" classification system, (2) a modification of that system to correct some deficiencies in the CBDS database pointed out by Dr. J. Haseman, (3) an alternative classification system developed by Dr. K. S. Crump and colleagues, (4) the number of animals displaying at least one tumor, or (5) the total number of tumors appearing in all animals in control and dosed groups. Although there is a difference in the number of chemicals classified as anticarcinogens by these alternative classification schemes, all of them show a statistically significant increase in the number of anticarcinogenic responses above the random rate predicted by a Monte Carlo simulation of the rodent bioassay. The number of anticarcinogenic responses is similar in our standard classification, our modified classification, and a classification scheme developed by Crump, though specific site/organs may differ. This arises because these schemes use approximately the same number of tumor groups (about 100). If the number of tumor groups decreases (for example, in the total tumors or tumor-bearing animal schemes), the number of anticarcinogenic responses decreases because of the decrease in overall sensitivity of the test. A scheme which combines tumor types can be useful by integrating carcinogenic and anticarcinogenic responses to exposure. At the same time, combination may hide important biological information. We urge consideration of both increases and decreases when evaluating the likely human effects of exposure.
‘Bound by recognition’ 1 : some thoughts on professional designation for teachers

A recent move in the effort to professionalize teaching has been a call for a professional designation for teachers in some Canadian jurisdictions. While teacher certification or licensure seeks to protect public interest and is concerned about professionalism – the quality of teachers' work – professional designation is concerned with public recognition of teachers' professional status, that is, acknowledgement of the legitimacy of the intellectual and ethical location from which teachers act – teachers' identities. While not wishing to argue for or against professional designation per se, I do want to reveal a certain predicament that results when the teaching profession becomes ‘bound by recognition’ (Markell, 2003). The predicament relates to the limits of identity: in the context of recognitive encounters with others, human beings constantly exceed and frustrate prior identifications, often contradicting their own expressed and deepest commitments. What then, one may ask, is the use value of recognition for the profession?
The many faces of sociability and social play in games

In the past, social interaction has been discussed mostly in the context of multiplayer games, ignoring the implicit forms of sociability in single player games. This paper distinguishes between the sociability around the playing of a game and the social play mediated by the game, and looks at single player, two player, multiplayer and massively multiplayer games as arenas for social interaction. The paper does not view social interaction as a new feature or a genre, but as a group of different, yet related, phenomena.
The Function of Fish Cytokines

What is known about the biological activity of fish cytokines is reviewed. Most of the functional studies performed to date have been in teleost fish, and have focused on the induced effects of cytokine recombinant proteins, or have used loss- and gain-of-function experiments in zebrafish. Such studies begin to tell us about the role of these molecules in the regulation of fish immune responses and whether they are similar or divergent to the well-characterised functions of mammalian cytokines. This knowledge will aid our ability to determine and modulate the pathways leading to protective immunity, to improve fish health in aquaculture.
Emergency route selection for D2D cellular communications during an urban terrorist attack

Device-to-Device (D2D) communications is a technology that allows mobile users to relay information to each other, without access to the cellular network. In this paper, we consider how to dynamically select multi-hop routes for D2D communications in spectrum co-existence with a fully loaded cellular network. The modelling scenario is that of a real urban environment, when the cellular network is congested during an unexpected event, such as a terrorist attack. We use D2D to relay data across the urban terrain, in the presence of conventional cellular (CC) communications. We consider different wireless routing algorithms, namely: shortest-path-routing (SPR), interference-aware-routing (IAR), and broadcast-routing (BR). In general, there is a fundamental trade-off between D2D and CC outage performances, due to their mutual interference relationship. For different CC outage constraints and D2D end-to-end distances, the paper recommends different D2D routing strategies. The paper also considers the effects of varying user density and urban building material properties on overall D2D relaying feasibility. Over a distance of a kilometre, it was found that the success probability of D2D communications can reach 91% for a moderate participating user density (400 per square km) and a low wall penetration loss (<; 10 dB).
Towards a PURE Spoken Dialogue System for Information Access

With the rapid explosion of the World Wide Web, it is becoming increasingly possible to easily acquire a wide variety of information such as flight schedules, yellow pages, used car prices, current stock prices, entertainment event schedules, account balances, etc. It would be very useful to have spoken dialogue interfaces for such information access tasks. We identify portability, usability, robustness, and extensibility as the four primary design objectives for such systems. In other words, the objective is to develop a PURE (Portable, Usable, Robust, Extensible) system. A two-layered dialogue architecture for spoken dialogue systems is presented where the upper layer is domain-independent and the lower layer is domainspecific. We are implementing this architecture in a mixed-initiative system that accesses flight arrival/departure information from the World Wide Web.
Adaptation to ER stress as a driver of malignancy and resistance to therapy in human melanoma

Primary events in the development of melanoma are gradually being pieced together but a more complete picture of evolution of the disease requires additional understanding of secondary events consequent on initiation of the malignancy. Arguably, the most important driver of secondary events is signals resulting from induction of endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress for example due to hypoglycaemia and anoxia. This may result in a variety of responses such as apoptosis, autophagy and senescence depending on the initiating event and cell type but most importantly it may result in progression of melanoma due to adaptation and selection of melanoma cells to ER stress. The following reviews what is known about the adaptive responses and how this information may provide new initiatives in treatment of the disease.
Understanding the Time-Squeeze

Many recent studies of the time-squeeze have used aggregate, trend data on work-hour behavior and inferred changing preferences among working men and women. This article begins with couple data and examines preferences as well as behavior in married-couple families. Work-hour behavior is conceptualized as an interaction between employee preferences, employer demands, and the institutional context. The article's analyses clearly indicate that there is a considerable disparity between couples' self-reports of preferences and their actual behavior. These results suggest that long work weeks generally do not reflect employee preferences but may result from constraints and demands imposed by the workplace. The rising sense of a time-squeeze in American society may stem from all-or-nothing assumptions about the nature and structure of work and the pressure to put in long hours to be seen as committed, productive, and having the potential for advancement.
Education and Authoritarianism Among English- and Afrikaans-Speaking White South Africans

Abstract Research has shown that higher levels of formal education are associated with lower authoritarianism. However, some evidence suggests that this association may be severely attenuated or even eliminated in sociocultural contexts in which education is highly authoritarian. This was tested in the study by comparing the relationship between education and authoritarianism among 678 English- and Afrikaans-speaking White South African adults—two sociocultural groups whose educational institutions tend to differ markedly in authoritarianism. The results indicated a much stronger relationship between education and authoritarianism for English speakers. Among Afrikaners, authoritarianism did not show any tendency to decline with increasing education until the higher levels of tertiary education.
Acquired Entropion Associated With the Transconjunctival Incision for Facial Fracture Management

Transconjunctival incisions are used in cases of orbitozygomatic trauma and elective lower eyelid blepharoplasty. Although this approach has reduced the rates of ectropion, there is a rare but reported incidence of entropion. We review our experience with craniofacial trauma between 1998 and 2008 and our use of the transconjunctival, subtarsal, and subciliary approaches. We describe 2 patients where entropion occurred after a transconjunctival approach for repair of orbital and zygomatic fractures and review the literature. With the increasing popularity of this incision in reconstructive and cosmetic plastic surgery, a complete understanding of orbital anatomy and associated treatment options for entropion is necessary.
Cultural differences in on-line sensitivity to emotional voices: comparing East and West

Evidence that culture modulates on-line neural responses to the emotional meanings encoded by vocal and facial expressions was demonstrated recently in a study comparing English North Americans and Chinese (Liu et al., 2015). Here, we compared how individuals from these two cultures passively respond to emotional cues from faces and voices using an Oddball task. Participants viewed in-group emotional faces, with or without simultaneous vocal expressions, while performing a face-irrelevant visual task as the EEG was recorded. A significantly larger visual Mismatch Negativity (vMMN) was observed for Chinese vs. English participants when faces were accompanied by voices, suggesting that Chinese were influenced to a larger extent by task-irrelevant vocal cues. These data highlight further differences in how adults from East Asian vs. Western cultures process socio-emotional cues, arguing that distinct cultural practices in communication (e.g., display rules) shape neurocognitive activity associated with the early perception and integration of multi-sensory emotional cues.
Outbreak of vancomycin-, ampicillin-, and aminoglycoside-resistant Enterococcus faecium bacteremia in an adult oncology unit

An outbreak of bacteremia caused by Enterococcus faecium with high-level resistance to vancomycin (MIC of > or = 256 micrograms/ml), ampicillin (MIC of > or = 64 micrograms/ml), and gentamicin or streptomycin (MIC of > or = 2,000 micrograms/ml) occurred in an adult oncology unit from June 1991 to May 1992. Active surveillance for the presence of this organism in stool or perianal cultures was begun in September 1991. Between June 1991 and May 1992, seven patients with bacteremia and 22 noninfected carriers of the organism in stool were identified. The vanA gene, tested for by PCR and gene probe, was present in all isolates evaluated. All bacteremic patients also had resistant E. faecium present in a stool or perianal culture; the stool isolates tested were closely related to the respective blood isolates as determined by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis. Antibiotic regimens using high-dose ampicillin and an aminoglycoside were ineffective with four patients. Five patients (71%) had multiple positive blood cultures; four of these patients died. Following a multiple logistic regression analysis, it was found that bacteremic patients received a significantly greater number of total antibiotic days compared with noninfected stool carriers (P = 0.019). The emergence of E. faecium with high-level resistance to vancomycin, ampicillin, and aminoglycosides underscores the importance of performing susceptibility testing on all clinically significant isolates. In the neutropenic adult oncology patient, bacteremia with this organism is of probable gastrointestinal origin, is often persistent, and is refractory to treatment with ampicillin in combination with an aminoglycoside. Prolonged use of antibiotics may predispose patients with gastrointestinal colonization to develop bacteremia.
Comorbidity Models of Panic Disorder/Agoraphobia and Personality Disturbance

This article presents and critically examines the models of comorbidity of panic disorder/agoraphobia and personality disturbance. The research findings indicate that the DSM-III “anxious cluster” of personality disorders and dependent and avoidant personality disorders, in particular, are significantly associated with panic disorder/agoraphobia. However, the nature of this comorbidity is subject to various interpretations, put forward as comorbidity models. No comorbidity model has thus far been established as clearly and universally superior to others, and the models' value and range of applicability remain to be determined through prospective studies. The article examines some of the methodological issues in comorbidity research, particularly as they pertain to the presented comorbidity models.
Body composition for health and performance: a survey of body composition assessment practice carried out by the Ad Hoc Research Working Group on Body Composition, Health and Performance under the auspices of the IOC Medical Commission

Background Successful performers in weight-sensitive sports are characterised by low body mass (BM) and fat content. This often requires chronic energy restriction and acute weight loss practices. Aim To evaluate current use of body composition (BC) assessment methods and identify problems and solutions with current BC approaches. Methods A 40-item survey was developed, including demographic and content questions related to BC assessment. The survey was electronically distributed among international sporting organisations. Frequencies and χ2 analyses were computed. Results 216 responses were received, from 33 countries, representing various institutions, sports and competitive levels. Of the sample, 86% of respondents currently assess BC, most frequently using skinfolds (International Society for the Advancement of Kinanthropometry (ISAK): 50%; non-ISAK, conventional: 40%; both: 28%), dual energy X-ray absorptiometry (38%), bioelectrical impedance (29%), air displacement plethysmography (17%) and hydrostatic weighing (10%). Of those using skinfolds, more at the international level used ISAK, whereas conventional approaches were more reported at regional/national level (p=0.006). The sport dietitian/nutritionist (57%) and physiologist/sports scientist (54%) were most frequently the professionals assessing BC, followed by MDs and athletic trainers, with some reporting coaches (5%). 36% of 116 respondents assessed hydration status and more (64%) did so at international than regional/national level (36%, p=0.028). Of 125 participants answering the question of whether they thought that BC assessment raised problems, 69% said ‘yes’, with most providing ideas for solutions. Conclusions Results show high use of BC assessment but also a lack of standardisation and widespread perception of problems related to BM and BC in sport. Future work should emphasise standardisation with appropriate training opportunities and more research on BC and performance.
Robust and Accurate Non-Parametric Estimation of Reflectance using Basis Decomposition and Correction Functions Supplementary Material

In the first part of this additional evaluation we show that our algorithm achieves a significantly lower perceptual error (error of 0.19) for a set of 16 newly measured materials when compared to other state-of-the-art basis decomposition methods (LC, error of 0.50; RBF, error of 0.38). Additionally, we show that the BRDF estimates computed by RBF and the scattered data interpolation technique PP are often physically implausible, in contrast to the results provided by our method. In the second part of this additional evaluation we analyze how the size of the generated basis affects the fitting accuracy of the final solution. 1 Experiments with Measured Data
The link between 20S proteasome activity and post‐replication DNA repair in Saccharomyces cerevisiae

We have shown previously that deletion of the Saccharomyces cerevisiae UMP1 gene encoding the 20S proteasome maturase causes sensitivity to UV radiation. In the current report, we have extended this finding to show that mutations specifically compromising chymotrypsin‐like or trypsin‐like activity of 20S proteasome peptidases also result in increased UV sensitivity. We have also established that mutations affecting proteasome activity, namely ump1Δ, pre2‐K108R and pup1‐T20A, result in spontaneous and UV‐induced mutator phenotypes. To elucidate the origin of these DNA repair phenotypes of the proteasomal mutants, we performed epistasis analysis, with respect to UV sensitivity, using yeast strains with the UMP1 deletion in different DNA repair backgrounds. We show that UMP1 is not epistatic to RAD23 and RAD2, which are involved in the nucleotide excision repair (NER) pathway. Instead, our results indicate that UMP1 as well as PUP1 and PRE2 (encoding catalytic subunits of 20S proteasome) belong to an epistatic group of genes functioning in post‐replication DNA repair (PRR) and are hypostatic to RAD18, which, in complex with RAD6, plays a central role in PRR. We also show that UMP1 is epistatic to REV3 and RAD30, although the relationship of UMP1 with these genes is different.
Expression of meningococcal epitopes in LamB of Escherichia coli and the stimulation of serosubtype‐specific antibody responses

The class 1 outer membrane protein (OMP), a major variable surface antigen of Neisseria meningitidis, is a component of novel meningococcal vaccines currently in field trials. Serological variants of the protein are also used to serosubtype meningococci. Most of the amino acid changes that give rise to antigenic variants of the protein occur in two variable regions (VR1 and VR2) that are thought to form loops on the cell surface. The polymerase chain reaction (PCR) was used to amplify the nucleotide sequences encoding VR1 and VR2 from the chromosomal DNA of N. meningitidis strain M1080. These were cloned in frame into the lamB gene of the Escherichia coli expression vector pAJC264. Whole‐cell enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assays (ELISAs), using monoclonal antibodies, and SDS PAGE confirmed that, upon induction, strains of E. coli carrying these constructs expressed hybrid LamB proteins containing the N. meningitidis surface loops. These strains were used to immunize rabbits and the resultant polyclonal antisera reacted specifically with the class 1 OMP of reference strain M1080 (P1.7). Immunogold labelling of meningococcal cells and whole‐cell dot‐blot analyses with these antisera showed that the variable epitopes were exposed on the cell surface and confirmed that this approach could be used to obtain serosubtype‐specific antisera. The binding profiles of the antisera were determined from their reactions with overlapping synthetic peptides and their reactivity compared with that of relevant serosubtype‐specific monoclonal antibodies. This approach was used successfully to raise antisera against two other class 1 OMP VR2s. A fourth antiserum raised against a VR2, including the P1.1 epitope, was not subtype specific.
TOWARDS A MODERN SYNTHESIS

been emphasized by me. This idea was expressed more than once earlier in the monograph. For instance (p. 109) : "Even the high montane Crepis species of southern Europe, or their immediate ancestors, are believed to have migrated from Central Asia. " This line of thought suggests the concept of a slowly expanding center of speciation for Crepis which migrated from northern Central Asia to the eastern Mediterranean region. Is it not possible that, in terms of this concept, the operation of Matthew's principle becomes even more evident? DIVISION OF GENETICS, UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA, BERKELEY 4
Protein kinase C. Its role in ischemic preconditioning in the rat.

The present study investigated whether protein kinase C (PKC) plays a role in ischemic preconditioning in the rat heart. Chelerythrine, a specific antagonist of PKC, and 1,2-dioctanoyl-sn-glycerol (DOG), a diacylglycerol analogue and specific antagonist of PKC, were used to determine whether preconditioning could be blocked or triggered, respectively. Sprague-Dawley rats were anesthetized and instrumented for coronary occlusion and reperfusion. All animals were subjected to 45 minutes of regional ischemia (ISC) followed by 2.5 hours of reperfusion. The preconditioning protocol consisted of 5 minutes of ischemia and then 10 minutes of reperfusion. There were six groups: (1) control (group C, n = 5), (2) preconditioned and ISC (group PC, n = 6), (3) chelerythrine given 2 minutes before ISC (group CC, n = 5), (4) preconditioned and chelerythrine given 2 minutes before ISC (group PCC, n = 6), (5) DOG (dissolved in dimethylsulfoxide [DMSO]) given 10 minutes before ISC (group CD, n = 5), and (6) DMSO given 10 minutes before ISC (group DMSO, n = 3). The end point was infarct size measured using triphenyl tetrazolium chloride and expressed as a percentage of the volume at risk (I/R), measured with fluorescent particles. I/R was significantly reduced by preconditioning (group C, 58.6 +/- 5.0%; group PC, 32.7 +/- 6.3%; P < .01) and by the PKC agonist DOG, which reduced I/R to a similar extent as preconditioning (group C, 58.6 +/- 5.0%; group CD, 28.0 +/- 7.0%; P < .01). (ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)