Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
EXPERIMENTAL RESULTS ON THE APPLICATION OF FF-TLOM TECHNOLOGY FOR THE CREATION OF A LARGE FREEFORM SHAPE

Free Form Thick Layered Object Manufacturing (FF-TLOM) is based on the application of a deformable heated tool that can cut double-curved surfaces out of polystyrene foam. Using this tool, thick layers are manufactured that can be stacked together in order to rapidly create large sized concept models. Following earlier process related experiments, we have started to produce freeform monolithic shapes by using an industrial robot and a flexible cutting blade. For each layer a dedicated, best fitting, fixed blade shape was determined and set by the blade shape controller. The motions of the cutting blade with respect to the foam material are performed by a six-axis industrial robot, allowing for all the needed orientation changes (Yaw, Pitch and Roll) along the trajectory. The paper describes the method and the equipment used to create the shapes and evaluates the results. A CAD model of a large freeform shape was sliced in about twenty layers with a thickness of 50 mm. each. From each layer the top and bottom contour are extracted, as well as the best fitting tool shape. A tool path is generated, based on the two extracted layer contours, and is transformed into a robot program. The cutting process is controlled, using the parameters that were found in earlier cutting experiments. The quality of the produced layers is evaluated with respect to the achieved accuracy and surface quality. Conclusions and future steps are discussed.
Mechanisms of secondary structure breakers in soluble proteins

Breaking signals of secondary structure put strong limitations on the tertiary structures of proteins. In addition to proline and glycine clusters, which are well-known secondary structure breakers, clusters of amphiphilic residues were found to be a novel type of secondary structure breaker. These secondary structure breakers were found to depend on specific environmental factors. Such conditions included the average hydrophobicity, the helical periodicity, the density of serine and threonine residues, and the presence of tryptophan and tyrosine clusters. Principal component analysis of environmental factors was conducted in order to identify candidate breakers in the secondary structure breaking regions. Predicted breakers were located in breaking regions with an accuracy of 72%. Taking the loop core into consideration, almost 90% of the predicted breakers were located in the loop segments. When the migration effect of the breaking point was taken into account, the loop segments with the predicted breakers covered two thirds of all loop segments. Herein, the possibility of secondary structure prediction based on secondary structure breakers is discussed. The system of the present method is available at the URL: http://bp.nuap. nagoya-u.ac. jp/sosui/sosuibreaker/sosuibreaker_submit. html.
Induced Voltage Linear Extraction Method Using an Active Kelvin Bridge for Disturbing Force Self-Sensing

This paper presents an induced voltage linear extraction method for disturbing force self-sensing in the application of giant magnetostrictive actuators (GMAs). In this method, a Kelvin bridge combined with an active device is constructed instead of a conventional Wheatstone bridge for extraction of the induced voltage, and an additional GMA is adopted as a reference actuator in the self-sensing circuit in order to balance the circuit bridge. The linear fitting of the measurement data is done according to the linear relationship between the disturbing forces and the integral of the induced voltage. The experimental results confirm the good performance of the proposed method, and the self-sensitivity of the disturbing forces is better than 2.0 (mV·s)/N.
Differential trafficking of live and dead Mycobacterium marinum organisms in macrophages

We characterized the Mycobacterium marinum phagosome by using a variety of endocytic markers to follow the path of the bacteria through a mouse macrophage cell line. Using a laser confocal microscope, we found that the majority of viable M. marinum cells were in nonacidic vacuoles that did not colocalize with the vacuolar proton ATPase (V-ATPase), the calcium-independent mannose-6-phosphate receptor (CI-M6PR), or cathepsin D. In contrast, heat-killed organisms and latex beads were in acidic vacuoles which contained the V-ATPase, the CI-M6PR, and cathepsin D. A population of vesicles that contained live M. marinum labeled with the lysosomal glycoprotein LAMP-1, but the percentage of vacuoles that labeled was lower than for heat-killed organisms or latex beads. When testing live and heat-killed Mycobacterium tuberculosis, we found levels of colocalization with LAMP- and cathepsin D comparable to those for the M. marinum isolate. We conclude that M. marinum, like M. tuberculosis, can circumvent the host endocytic pathway and reside in an intracellular compartment which is not acidic and does not fuse with lysosomes. In addition, we describe a system for sampling a large population of intracellular organisms by using a laser confocal microscope.
Evolution in the Fast Lane: Rapidly Evolving Sex-Related Genes in Drosophila

A large portion of the annotated genes in Drosophila melanogaster show sex-biased expression, indicating that sex and reproduction-related genes (SRR genes) represent an appreciable component of the genome. Previous studies, in which subsets of genes were compared among few Drosophila species, have found that SRR genes exhibit unusual evolutionary patterns. Here, we have used the newly released genome sequences from 12 Drosophila species, coupled to a larger set of SRR genes, to comprehensively test the generality of these patterns. Among 2505 SRR genes examined, including ESTs with biased expression in reproductive tissues and genes characterized as involved in gametogenesis, we find that a relatively high proportion of SRR genes have experienced accelerated divergence throughout the genus Drosophila. Several testis-specific genes, male seminal fluid proteins (SFPs), and spermatogenesis genes show lineage-specific bursts of accelerated evolution and positive selection. SFP genes also show evidence of lineage-specific gene loss and/or gain. These results bring us closer to understanding the details of the evolutionary dynamics of SRR genes with respect to species divergence.
Consecuencias de la exposición involuntaria a material sexual en adolescentes

Internet se ha convertido en una herramienta util para nuestros adolescentes pero no esta exenta de riesgos, siendo uno de ellos la exposicion involuntaria (EI) a material sexual con las consecuencias que dicha exposicion puede tener en su desarrollo psicosexual. Nuestro objetivo fue analizar las consecuencias derivadas de la EI a cibersexo teniendo en cuenta posibles diferencias en funcion de la edad de la primera EI, el genero y tipo de contenido visto. 284 adolescentes (47,9% chicos;52,1% chicas) de Castellon (Spain), de entre 13-17 anos (Media=14,8;DT=0,98) cumplimentaron un cuestionario disenado a d h o c para la evaluacion de diferentes dimensiones implicadas en la EI al cibersexo. Los resultados muestran una frecuencia de EI a cibersexo alta (85,9%) siendo la edad media de la primera exposicion 12,1 anos (DT=1,66). Entre las principales consecuencias tras la EI destacarian los sintomas de evitacion/embotamiento emocional (51,4%), sintomas sexuales (44,7%) y aumento de activacion fisiologica (39,4%). En menor medida, sintomas de reexperimentacion del suceso (29,4%). Asimismo, se observan correlaciones significativas y negativas entre la edad de la primera EI y algunos sin t o m a s d e r e e x p e rim e n t a cio n (p.e. imagenes/pensamientos relacionados con la exposicion: rho=-,232;p=0,001); e m b o t a mie n t o e m o cio n al (p.e. menos capaz de sentir emociones/afectos (rho=-,171;p=0,020); a u m e n t o d e a c tiv a cio n (p.e. sobresaltarse facilmente/exageradamente: rho=0,195;p=0,008); y s e x u ale s (p.e. fantasias/impulsos sexuales hacia objetos/situaciones poco habituales: rho=-0,201;p=0,006). En funcion del genero, aparecen diferencias en la r e e x p e rim e n t a cio n de imagenes/pensamientos relacionados con la exposicion (Chi2=13,89;p=0,000); e vit a cio n / e m b o t a mie n t o (p.e. costarle recordar detalles de la exposicion: Chi2=5,99;p=0,010); a u m e n t o d e a c tiv a cio n (p.e. dificultades concentracion: Chi2=8,06;p=0,004); y sin t o m a s s e x u ale s (p.e. fantasias/impulsos sexuales hacia objetos/situaciones poco habituales: Chi2=12,84;p=0,000), siendo todos mas frecuentes en hombres, excepto los sintomas de evitacion. Finalmente, en funcion de haber visto o no determinados contenidos se observan diferencias significativas en todos los bloques evaluados. Es necesario educar sexualmente a nuestros adolescentes para minimizar el impacto negativo de la EI a material sexual.
Diesel Exhaust Activates and Primes Microglia: Air Pollution, Neuroinflammation, and Regulation of Dopaminergic Neurotoxicity

Background: Air pollution is linked to central nervous system disease, but the mechanisms responsible are poorly understood. Objectives: Here, we sought to address the brain-region–specific effects of diesel exhaust (DE) and key cellular mechanisms underlying DE-induced microglia activation, neuroinflammation, and dopaminergic (DA) neurotoxicity. Methods: Rats were exposed to DE (2.0, 0.5, and 0 mg/m3) by inhalation over 4 weeks or as a single intratracheal administration of DE particles (DEP; 20 mg/kg). Primary neuron–glia cultures and the HAPI (highly aggressively proliferating immortalized) microglial cell line were used to explore cellular mechanisms. Results: Rats exposed to DE by inhalation demonstrated elevated levels of whole-brain IL-6 (interleukin-6) protein, nitrated proteins, and IBA-1 (ionized calcium-binding adaptor molecule 1) protein (microglial marker), indicating generalized neuroinflammation. Analysis by brain region revealed that DE increased TNFα (tumor necrosis factor-α), IL-1β, IL-6, MIP-1α (macrophage inflammatory protein-1α) RAGE (receptor for advanced glycation end products), fractalkine, and the IBA-1 microglial marker in most regions tested, with the midbrain showing the greatest DE response. Intratracheal administration of DEP increased microglial IBA-1 staining in the substantia nigra and elevated both serum and whole-brain TNFα at 6 hr posttreatment. Although DEP alone failed to cause the production of cytokines and chemokines, DEP (5 μg/mL) pretreatment followed by lipopolysaccharide (2.5 ng/mL) in vitro synergistically amplified nitric oxide production, TNFα release, and DA neurotoxicity. Pretreatment with fractalkine (50 pg/mL) in vitro ameliorated DEP (50 μg/mL)-induced microglial hydrogen peroxide production and DA neurotoxicity. Conclusions: Together, these findings reveal complex, interacting mechanisms responsible for how air pollution may cause neuroinflammation and DA neurotoxicity.
SPICE model for Piezoelectric Bender Generators

This paper presents the equivalent circuit model of PBG (Piezoelectric Bender Generator) along with its SPICE implementation. The model, made of lumped circuit elements, is valid under both parallel and series wired PBG operation modes. The model is validated by comparing the simulation results, from the transient analysis of the model in SPICE, with those obtained by using MATLAB®. An example using the proposed SPICE model is also presented.
Inducing Multilingual Text Analysis Tools Using Bidirectional Recurrent Neural Networks

This work focuses on the development of linguistic analysis tools for resource-poor languages. We use a parallel corpus to produce a multilingual word representation based only on sentence level alignment. This representation is combined with the annotated source side (resource-rich language) of the parallel corpus to train text analysis tools for resource-poor languages. Our approach is based on Recurrent Neural Networks (RNN) and has the following advantages: (a) it does not use word alignment information, (b) it does not assume any knowledge about foreign languages, which makes it applicable to a wide range of resource-poor languages, (c) it provides truly multilingual taggers. In a previous study, we proposed a method based on Simple RNN to automatically induce a Part-Of-Speech (POS) tagger. In this paper, we propose an improvement of our neural model. We investigate the Bidirectional RNN and the inclusion of external information (for instance low level information from Part-Of-Speech tags) in the RNN to train a more complex tagger (for instance, a multilingual super sense tagger). We demonstrate the validity and genericity of our method by using parallel corpora (obtained by manual or automatic translation). Our experiments are conducted to induce cross-lingual POS and super sense taggers.
On conservative fusion of information with unknown non-Gaussian dependence

This paper examines the notions of consistency and conservativeness for data fusion involving dependent information, where the degree of dependency is unknown. We consider these notions in a general sense, for non-Gaussian probability distributions, in terms of structural consistency and information processing, in particular the counting of common information. We consider the role of entropy in defining a conservative fusion rule. Finally, we investigate the geometric mean density (GMD) as a particular fusion rule, which generalises the Covariance Intersection rule to non-Gaussian pdfs. We derive key properties to demonstrate that the GMD is both conservative and effective in combining information from dependent sources.
Salivary gland choristoma in the buccinator muscle: A case report and literature review

Salivary gland choristoma (SGCh) is defined as the presence of normal salivary tissue in an abnormal location. It is a rare entity in oral and maxillofacial region and its ethiology is unknown. The typical presentation of salivary gland heterotopia is an asymptomatic mass that may or may not produce saliva. Some examples of ectopic salivary tissue in the pituitary gland, in the lymph nodes, in the middle ear, in the neck, in the jaw, in the thyroid gland, in the mediastinum and in the rectum have been documented in literature. We report the case of a 61-year-old male presented with a bilateral tumorlike mass in the cheek. The mass was painless, of fibrous consistency and had size change with time. The histological diagnosis was salivary gland choristoma in the buccinator muscle. In this article, we will revise the characteristic of salivary gland heterotopias and we present a report case that has not been described in literature: a bilateral choristoma of salivary gland in the buccinator muscle, which should be included in the differential diagnosis of head and neck masses. Key words:Choristoma, heterotopias, ectopic tissue, salivary gland, buccinator muscle.
Virtual constraint based adaptive control for biped robot with speed regulation

The Virtual Holonomic Constraint (VHC) approach, with its flexibility and stability, is drawing more attentions in generating gait for biped robots. This paper generalizes the VHC approach by adding other variables such as walking speed to the constraint functions. The robot is able to walk up or down along slopes with commanded speeds, and more importantly, allows it to walk continuously and steadily in varying surfaces. In addition, the control approach named Partial Decoupling Control is used to implement the VHC, which at the first time equips the VHC approach with the parameter adaptation laws which significantly improves the stability and performance of the systems. Full dynamics simulations with a five-bar planar robot are used to illustrate the effectiveness of the proposed approach.
A pattern matching method using geometric information of images

We present a hybrid method for image pattern matching using gradient and geometric information of images. The gradient orientation and the vector length allow us to estimate the rotation angle parameter and the scale parameter over two 1D search spaces, respectively, thus reducing the computational complexity. The correlation based method can be applied to obtain the translation parameters accurately when the angle and the scale parameters are already known. The decomposition of a 4D search space gives us a practical way to deal with the similarity transformation between images. Our experiments show that the combination of geometric feature and intensity information in the images significantly reduces the computational load and makes the matching accurate and robust compared to the conventional intensity-based methods.
In the eye of the beholder: The role of cognitive style and similarity in the evaluation of brand extensions

Fit has been identified as an antecedent of the success of brand extensions. Recently, a new stream of literature has distinguished two different types of fit: feature‐based taxonomic similarity and relation‐based thematic similarity. Although researchers in this field have investigated how thematic and taxonomic brand extensions are evaluated, they have not accounted for interindividual differences in these evaluations. To address this gap, we investigate how cognitive styles are related to the evaluation of brand extensions that are based on different types of similarity. We show that a systematic cognitive style is related to the evaluation of taxonomic brand extensions. Moreover, we take the first steps to disentangle the relationship between intuitive cognitive style and the evaluation of thematic brand extensions, and we show that positive affect might play an important role as a moderator in these cases. The results provide us with a better understanding of how interindividual differences in information processing might account for differences in preferences for different types of brand extensions and, hence, consumer behavior.
Lobaplatin for the treatment of SK-MES-1 lung squamous cell line in vitro and in vivo

Lung squamous cell carcinoma is the second-largest histological subtype of lung cancer, which is the leading cause of cancer-related death worldwide. Lobaplatin, one of the third-generation platinum compounds, has shown encouraging anticancer activity in a variety of tumors. The aim of this study was to determine the therapeutic efficacy of lobaplatin on p53-mutant lung squamous cancer cells SK-MES-1. In order to evaluate the antitumor effect of lobaplatin, several in vitro and in vivo analyses were carried out, including Cell Counting Kit-8 (CCK-8), fluorescence-activated cell sorter, Western blot, and terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase dUTP nick end labeling. Findings showed that lobaplatin could inhibit cell proliferation and induce apoptosis of SK-MES-1 cells in vitro through both intrinsic and extrinsic apoptotic pathways in a time- and dose-dependent manner. In addition, lobaplatin could arrest cell cycle at S phase in SK-MES-1. Lobaplatin has obvious antitumor efficacy in human SK-MES-1 xenograft models; therefore, it seems to be a promising candidate in lung squamous cancer therapy.
Interacting with and through a digital library collection: commenting behavior in Flickr's the commons

There is growing interest by digital collection providers to engage collection users in interacting with the collection (e.g. by tagging or annotating collection contents) and with the collection organizers and other users (e.g. to form loose "communities" associated with the collection). At present, little has been documented as to the uptake of these mechanisms in specific collections, or the range of behaviors that emerge as users bend existing facilities to their own needs. This paper is one step in that direction: it describes the social information behaviors exhibited in a cultural heritage photography collection in The Commons on Flickr, and suggests implications for digital library design in response to these behaviors.
Effects of galactic fountains and delayed mixing in the chemical evolution of the Milky Way

Context. The majority of galactic chemical evolution models assumes the instantaneous mixing approximation (IMA). This assumption is probably not realistic, as indicated by the existence of chemical inhomogeneities, although current chemical evolution models of the Milky Way can reproduce the majority of the observational constraints under the IMA. Aims. The aim of this paper is to test whether relaxing this approximation in a detailed chemical evolution model can improve or worsen the agreement with observations. To do that, we investigated two possible causes for relaxing of the instantaneous mixing: i) the “galactic fountain time delay effect” and ii) the “metal cooling time delay effect”. Methods. We considered various galactic fountain time delays for the chemical enrichment from massive stars. We then tested a time delay in the enrichment from stars of all masses due to gas cooling in the range 0.5–1 Gyr. Results. We found that the effect of galactic fountains is negligible if an average time delay of 0.1 Gyr, as suggested in a previous paper, is assumed. Longer time delays produce differences in the results but they are not realistic. We also found that the O abundance gradient in the disk is not affected by galactic fountains. The metal cooling time delays produce strong effects on the evolution of the chemical abundances only if we adopt stellar yields depending on metallicity. If, instead, the yields computed for the solar chemical composition are adopted, negligible effects are produced, as in the case of the galactic fountain delay. Conclusions. The relaxation of the IMA by means of the galactic fountain model, where the delay is considered only for massive stars and only in the disk, does not affect the chemical evolution results. The combination of metal dependent yields and time delay in the chemical enrichment from all stars starting from the halo phase, instead, produces results at variance with observations.
Universal correlators from geometry

Matrix model correlators show universal behaviour at short distances. We provide a derivation for these universal correlators by inserting probe branes in the underlying effective geometry. We generalize these results to study correlators of branes and their universal behaviour in the Calabi-Yau crystals, where we find a role for a generalized brane insertion.
Rigidity and Flexibility: The Central Basis of Inter-Leg Coordination in the Locust

Many motor behaviors, and specifically locomotion, are the product of an intricate interplay between neuronal oscillators known as central pattern generators (CPGs), descending central commands, and sensory feedback loops. The relative contribution of each of these components to the final behavior determines the trade-off between fixed movements and those that are carefully adapted to the environment. Here we sought to decipher the endogenous, default, motor output of the CPG network controlling the locust legs, in the absence of any sensory or descending influences. We induced rhythmic activity in the leg CPGs in isolated nervous system preparations, using different application procedures of the muscarinic agonist pilocarpine. We found that the three thoracic ganglia, each controlling a pair of legs, have different inherent bilateral coupling. Furthermore, we found that the pharmacological activation of one ganglion is sufficient to induce activity in the other, untreated, ganglia. Each ganglion was thus capable to impart its own bilateral inherent pattern onto the other ganglia via a tight synchrony among the ipsilateral CPGs. By cutting a connective and severing the lateral-longitudinal connections, we were able to uncouple the oscillators’ activity. While the bilateral connections demonstrated a high modularity, the ipsilateral CPGs maintained a strict synchronized activity. These findings suggest that the central infrastructure behind locust walking features both rigid elements, which presumably support the generation of stereotypic orchestrated leg movements, and flexible elements, which might provide the central basis for adaptations to the environment and to higher motor commands.