Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Predictions for snow cover, glaciers and runoff in a changing climate

2 CH-7270 Davos-Platz, Switzerland Abstract The problem of evaluating the hydrological effects of climate change has opened a new field of applications for snowmelt runoff models. The Snowmelt Runoff Model (SRM) has been used to evaluate climate change effects on basins in North America, the Swiss Alps, and the Himalayas. Snow covered area depletes about one month earlier in response to warmer temperatures (+4 o C) with runoff peaks shifted accordingly. Runoff will be higher in winter at the expense of summer runoff. In glacerized basins, runoff is not only redistributed, but increased due to glacier melting. This improved knowledge facilitates long-term decisions concerning hydropower, flooding, water allocations, and water management in general. NEW TASKS FOR SNOWMELT RUNOFF MODELS The growing awareness of the problem of climate change opened a new field of applications for snowmelt runoff models. Originally designed to simulate and forecast the seasonal runoff, they should now be capable to predict snow cover and runoff in a distant future. Thanks to its deterministic approach, the SRM model has been easily adapted to this new task. In the present climate, it is run with the real seasonal snow cover monitored by satellites as one of the input variables. In a future climate, this snow cover is transformed by changed temperatures and precipitation according to any given climate scenario, so that the future runoff can be computed. The necessary amendments to the computer program were facilitated by the transparent structure of the model which had been made possible by taking into account the role of the subsurface runoff (Martinec & Rango, 1999). As has been pointed out by other investigators (e.g. Klemes, 1985) hydrological models which depend on calibration of their parameters are not suitable for evaluations of the climate change effect. In the meantime, such studies have been carried out by the non-calibrated SRM model in different climate zones of North America, the Swiss Alps, and the Himalayas. HYDROLOGICAL EFFECTS OF CLIMATE CHANGE The effects of global warming, combined in some cases with changed precipitation, were evaluated in a wide range of basin size and altitude, as illustrated in Table 1. Various climate types are represented so that the runoff coefficient (runoff/ precipitation ratio in a hydrological year) varies from 0.25 in Rio Grande, 0.57 in Kings River and to 0.78 in Illecillewaet. With the exception of the Himalayan basins, runoff is dominated by snowmelt so that it occurs mostly in the summer half of the hydrological year (April-September).
Simulation Of The Soil Water Storage In Risk Situations. Management Framework Of The Wetness Conditions At A Basin Scale

Land surface hydrological conditions are considered to play an important role in the sustaining and restoring of natural vegetation. Prediction of the soil water availability under both average and extreme wetness conditions is essential especially for the water-related ecosystems. This research deals with an evaluation of the dynamic soil water resources in risk situations at a basin scale. Wetness conditions were evaluated for the Lasica basin, Poland, situated on the Mazovian Lowland, within the boundaries of the Kampinos National Park. The area has a status of the UNESCO MAB Biosphere Reserve. In this basin valuable marshland, swamp and woodland ecosystems are present but they were influenced by agricultural drainage in the past, Risk assessment of the occurrence of extreme wetness conditions focuses on the soil water resources stored in the wet zones of the basin. The extreme values of shallow groundwater levels and corresponding soil water resources are considered here as risk situations. Probability concept was applied to derive the Depth to the groundwater Duration Curves for wet and dry years as compared to the average year. Simulations of the maximum changes of the soil water storage were conducted for maximum stages of the groundwater levels. Estimates of the dynamic water storage have been linked with the depth to the groundwater table using the water storage decrease function. Maximum decrease of the soil water storage is presented in a spatially distributed way using raster-based GIS software, The results serve as a basis for restoration of wetness conditions and for mitigation of drought impact.
PRELIMINARY ANALYSIS OF CATCH RATES OF ATLANTIC BONITO (SARDA SARDA) CAUGHT BY MOROCCAN ARTISANAL GILL NET FISHERY IN THE ATLANTIC, 2004-2010

SUMMARY Nominal CPUE of Atlantic bonito (Sarda sarda) from Moroccan artisanal gill net fishery operating in the Atlantic during the period 2004-2010 were analyzed by GLM approach assuming a log normal error distribution. The preliminary standardized annual abundance index didn’t show any clear trend over the considered period
Use of airborne gamma radiometric data for soil mapping

Variations of naturally emitted gamma radiation have been used in geological prospecting for over 20 years to detect anomalies associated with exploitable ore deposits. We examined their ability to detect spatial variation of soil material by comparing simultaneous ground and airborne measurements of gamma emissions with ground observations over a catchment in south-western Australia. Measurements were taken in the spectral windows for 40K, 238~ and 232~h. Variations of gamma radiation corresponded with the distribution of soil-forming materials over the landscape, and were used to distinguish between highly weathered residuum and fresh material from granitic outcrops. Gamma radiometric data also discriminated clearly between doleritic, lateritic and granitic soil parent materials. Airborne data indicated the distribution of these materials through the catchment, with the exception of dolerite dikes, which were too narrow to be detected using pixels greater than 20 m wide. It is concluded that gamma radiometric data can provide valuable insights into the spatial distribution of soil-forming materials but, given their limitations to provide direct information of pedological alteration, such data are likely to prove most valuable to soil survey when considered jointly with other information such as terrain models or aerial photography.
Quality Assurance Project Plan Naches River Temperature Total Maximum Daily Load

5 Introduction and Background 5 Project Description 8 Study Area 8 Watershed Description 8 Project Objectives 9 Sources of Thermal Pollution 10 Beneficial Uses 11 Historical Data Review 13 Study Design 13 Approach 13 Data Collection and Ecology Field Surveys 16 Data Collection Timeline 23 Project Organization 24 Data Quality Objectives 25 Measurement and Sampling Procedures 26 Quality Control Procedures 26 Data Analysis and Modeling Procedures 26 Reporting Schedule 28 References 29
Detection and Recognition of Obscured Traffic Signs During Vehicle Movement

The present study proposes an algorithm to extract obscured traffic sign information from road driving images and fuse it with the vehicle movement process by integrating the vehicle speed. Given the low recognition rate of obscured traffic signs, the proposed algorithm utilizes a traditional color-shape recognition approach to extract potential traffic sign regions. The fusion of traffic sign information from multiple consecutive frames into a single frame enhances the completeness and accuracy of the traffic sign information, bringing it closer to the original characteristics of the traffic sign. The experimental results demonstrate that fusing traffic sign information from the first and third frames improves the template matching similarity by 15.2%. And successfully identifies traffic signs that cannot be recognized by the YOLOV4 and YOLOV8 convolutional neural network when driving at vehicle speeds of <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$18\left ({\mathrm {km}/\mathrm {h} }\right)$ </tex-math></inline-formula>, <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$36\left ({\mathrm {km}/\mathrm {h} }\right)$ </tex-math></inline-formula>, and <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$54\left ({\mathrm {km}/\mathrm {h} }\right)$ </tex-math></inline-formula>. The findings highlight that the proposed algorithm can effectively fuse obscured traffic sign information during vehicle movement to obtain traffic signs with more similar geometric features to the original traffic signs.
The 5Cs of Positive Youth Development and Risk Behaviors in a Sample of Spanish Emerging Adults: A Partial Mediation Analysis of Gender Differences

Positive Youth Development (PYD) emerged as a holistic and strength-based perspective that focuses on the fact that young people may have the internal and external resources for healthy and successful development through five dimensions (5Cs) that empower them: Perceived Competence, Confidence, Character, Connection, and Caring. The aim of this study was to examine the relationship between the overall PYD factor, the 5Cs, and risk behaviors, in addition to analyzing gender differences. This study showed the results of a cross-sectional study of 1044 emerging adults from 11 Spanish universities in 2021. Data collection was performed by applying an online self-report measure. The results showed that the Character was protective against substance abuse, mainly in women, while the connection was related to the participation of betting money and online betting in men. Caring was protective against money bets in the men’s sample. However, controversial results were found regarding Perceived competence, which had a positive association with substance abuse, money bets, and drunk driving. It seems that high levels of Perceived competence, rather than objective competence, were associated with engagement in various risk behaviors. Concerning gender differences, men showed more risky behaviors than women. A partial mediation model pointed out that lower character and higher perceived competence in men partly explained the higher presence of risky behavior compared to women. These results underline the need to promote PYD within the university context to prevent risky behaviors by addressing gender differences and the separate role of the 5Cs.
CORRELATIONS BETWEEN THE LYMPHOID INFILTRATE AND THE STEROID HORMONE RECEPTORS IN ENDOMETRIOSIS

CORRELATIONS BETWEEN THE LYMPHOID INFILTRATE AND THE STEROID HORMONE RECEPTORS IN ENDOMETRIOSIS (Abstract): Aim : Endometriosis, a chronic estrogen-dependent disease, is associated with persistent pelvic pain and is classified as a neu-ro-inflammatory disorder. This study aimed to decipher the inflammatory milieu in endometriosis, focusing on the lymphoid infiltrate represented by the CD4+ cells, CD8+ cells, and CD68+ macrophages, and the possible correlation with steroid hormone receptor expressions. Material and methods : Research conducted at the “Elena Doamna” Clinical Hospital and the “Grigore T. Popa” University of Medicine and Pharmacy in Iași, Romania, involved retrospective analysis of 53 patients with endometriosis from 2018 to 2023. Results: Through immuno-histochemical assays, we observed correlations between CD4 and CD8 expressions, and be-tween CD4, CD68, and the PR score. Also, a possible causality between the macrophage infiltrate and PR expression could be suggested. Conclusions: The inflammatory infiltrate’s analysis in endometriosis provides a deeper knowledge of its pathological development and the interplay of inflammatory cells. Understanding these receptors might guide future treatment strategies for better disease management
Noctilucent Cloud variability and mean parameters from 15 years of lidar observations at a mid-latitude site (54°N, 12°E): NOCTILUCENT CLOUD VARIABILITY AND MEAN PARAMETERS FROM 15 YEARS OF LIDAR OBSERVATIONS AT A MID-LATITUDE SITE (54°N, 12°E)

[1] Noctilucent clouds (NLC) are an important tracer of temperature and dynamics of the summer mesopause region. Our site at Kühlungsborn (Germany, 54 N) is at the equatorward edge of the NLC region and therefore of special interest for the understanding of these clouds. 41 nights (63 h) of NLC are observed since 1997. They form the largest lidar data set from mid-latitudes. NLC are typically weak, with nearly 70% having a backscatter coefficient bmax,532nm< 2 10 10 m 1 sr . The seasonal variation of NLC shows maximum occurrence around the temperature minimum (saturation maximum) but lower temperatures (higher saturation) at the beginning compared to the end of the season. Mean centroid altitude is 82.7 0.03 km, with strong NLC being typically lower and vertically thinner compared to weak clouds. NLC occurrence was lowest in the years 2000–2002 and reached a maximum in 2009 with a rate of 19%. Overall, NLC are less frequent and dimmer compared to higher latitudes. The occurrence is highly anti-correlated with solar activity. Beside NLC, we are measuring mesospheric temperatures since 2002 by lidars, complemented by microwave observations of water vapor (since October 2009) and radar observations of mesospheric winds. NLC occurrence is found anti-correlated with ambient temperatures (r = 0.85 at 84 km), while low temperatures are necessary but not sufficient for individual events. Meridional winds at 84 km are weakly anti-correlated with NLC occurrence (r= 0.58 at 84 km). Furthermore, we find some biennial variation of NLC occurrence in part of the time series. Any additional trend has not yet been detected.
End-to-end space object detection method based on event camera

Event cameras, offering extremely high temporal resolution and high dynamic range, have provided a new solution to the challenges of space object detection, such as high light, low light and motion blur. However, the asynchronous output characteristics of event cameras make it incompatible with traditional object detection algorithms designed for frame images. Therefore, a new deep network architecture is proposed. First, the asynchronous event streams are characterized by event spike tensor (EST), then extract spatial features using a feed-forward feature extraction network, and finally the end-to-end object detection using continuous event streams is realized. The proposed method is compared with the classical object detection algorithms on the synthetic event stream dataset. The results show that in scenes (high light and low light) where traditional optical cameras fail, event cameras still perform well, and the mAP is improved by 4.2%. This study offers new possibilities for using event cameras for object detection under complex lighting environments and motion conditions, and highlights the advantages of event cameras in space object detection.
The Prediction Level of Teachers' Perceptions of Psychological Empowerment on Job Satisfaction and Organizational Citizenship Behaviors

The purpose of this study is to determine the prediction level of teachers' psychological empowerment perceptions on their job satisfaction and organizational citizenship behaviors. The research is designed in the relational survey model. 400 teachers working in primary schools in Bolu, Turkey participated in the study and out of 356 teachers participating in the study voluntarily, 314 scales were delivered back and evaluated. Psychological Empowerment Scale, Job Satisfaction Scale and Organizational Citizenship Scale were used as data collection instruments. The findings indicated that teachers’ perceptions of psychological empowerment were moderate in self-determination, and high in other dimensions and the whole scale. The moderate level of teachers’ perceptions of job satisfaction and organizational citizenship is a striking and concerning result. When teachers do not have high level of job satisfaction, their performance will decrease, and it will be difficult for these teachers to exhibit organizational citizenship behavior. In the study, that the teachers’ perceptions of psychological empowerment affect both job satisfaction and organizational citizenship behaviors necessitates the importance of psychological empowerment in increasing teachers' job satisfaction and organizational citizenship behaviors. In this sense, it is an important finding that teachers’ job satisfaction and organizational citizenship behaviors will be increased by means of them having self- determination over their work, increasing their competence, making them influential by allowing to think, talk about and intervene the incidents that occur in the school, and ensuring their participation in work-related decisions. The finding indicating that teachers’ perceptions of psychological empowerment play an important role in increasing their job satisfaction and organizational citizenshipBehavior reveals the authenticity of the research.
Correlation and Path Coefficient Analysis in Wheat Genotypes under Irrigated and Non-Irrigated Conditions

Current research was conducted with the objectives to identify the utmost traits that may be beneficial for the higher productivity of the grains under stress environment. Research material consisted of thirteen genotypes which were obtained from different sources. Experiment was carried out in randomized complete block in a split plot design. Water regimes (irrigated and non-irrigated) were allocated to the main plots and genotypes to the subplots. Path coefficient could be used as an important tool to bring about appropriate cause and effects relationship between yield and yield components. According to obtained results the selection on the basis of number of spikes, number of spikelet's and number of grains in this material would likely to be most useful for increasing grain yield because of their direct positive contribution to grain yield under irrigated condition. However number of spikes, spikelet numbers, spike length and grains number may be used an effective selection criterion for increasing grain yield of wheat under different irrigation levels. Therefore it is concluded that these traits could be selected for the different stress environments and it would be beneficial for the yield.
Three-dimensional simulation of the near-fault ground motion for the 1995 Hyogo-Ken Nanbu (Kobe), Japan, earthquake

The 17 January 1995 Hyogo-ken Nanbu earthquake is a typical example showing that the ground motions along basin-edge faults can be very destructive. In this study, we simulate the near-fault ground motion from this earthquake based on a kinematic fault model and a simplified 3D velocity structure of the Kobe area. The kinematic earthquake rupture and the wave propagation are modeled using a 3D finite-difference method (FDM). Our simulation identifies the basin-edge effect as an important factor that influenced the ground-motion amplification pattern in the Kobe area. We found that the coupling of the source directivity and basin-edge effects causes impulsive ground motions with extremely high amplitude at periods greater than 1 sec and in a narrow zone offset less than 1 km from the basin edge. The combination of these effects acted to create a fairly continuous band of amplification that extends about 30 km in an elongated zone parallel to the basin-edge boundary. In some areas, localized site effects might have been as important as the abovementioned effects, but they cannot explain the continuity of the extended east-west zone of damage.
A Wideband Dual-Linearly Polarized Folded ME-Dipole Transmitarray Antenna With Low H/F Ratio

A wideband dual-linearly polarized (dual LP) low-profile transmitarray (TA) antenna is proposed based on a novel folded scheme and a magnetoelectric (ME) dipole structure. Introducing a phase-gradient reflective surface (PGRS) in the folded scheme, the space sandwiched by the TA surface and the feed is reduced by two-third, leading to the low-profile structure. To validate this scheme, a center-fed ME dipole antenna is proposed and extended to be a dual-LP TA element with independently controlled 1-bit resolution for the two orthogonal linear polarizations. On the other hand, the PGRS element is composed of cross-dipole and ME dipole structures, which can provide over 360° phase shift range and generate a focus and work as the feeding source. To verify its feasibility, a prototype operating at 26 GHz is simulated, processed, and tested. The measured results show that the proposed folded TA antenna can achieve a peak gain of 23 dBi, a peak aperture efficiency of 21%, and a 3-dB gain bandwidth of 26% for $x$ -polarization. The corresponding results for the $y$ -polarization are 23 dBi, 21%, and 28%, respectively. This competitive performance together with merits, such as compact size, low cost, and low profile, enable the proposed prototype to be a promising candidate for the future millimeter-wave wireless communications.
A Dual-Polarized Differential-Fed Low-Profile Patch Antenna With Improved Bandwidth and Gain Selectivity

In this communication, a new design of dual-polarized (DP) differential-fed low-profile microstrip patch antenna (MPA) with improved bandwidth and gain selectivity is presented. To form the characteristics of DP radiation, both patch mode (<inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\text {TM}^{\text {patch}}_{{{\smash{11}}}}$ </tex-math></inline-formula>) and substrate integrated waveguide (SIW) cavity mode (<inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\text {TM}^{\text {SIW}}_{{{\smash{11}}}}$ </tex-math></inline-formula>) are initially investigated and combined in a common patch radiator. Afterward, four arc slots are analyzed and applied as extra radiators for further expansion of bandwidth, together with a cross slot arranged for the stability of gain. As such, design procedures of the new antenna composed of a circular patch radiator with a cross slot, a circular SIW cavity, and four arc slot radiators are completed. Besides, aiming for a more compact size by integration of component functions, a feeding network based on Schiffman phase shifter is designed. Furthermore, to realize improved gain selectivity, the feeding network is loaded with extra short-ended stepped-impedance resonators (SIRs), thus controllable transmission zeros (TZs) are introduced. Ultimately, the proposed MPA with feeding network is fabricated and measured for validation. Experimental results indicate that the presented demonstrator exhibits a wide bandwidth of 20.2% (3.13–3.83 GHz, covering the n79 frequency band designated for the 5G new radio (NR) technology), a 35-dB polarization isolation, a maximum realized gain of 9.5 dBi, a cross-polarization level less than −23 dB, with a low profile of <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$0.046\lambda _{0}$ </tex-math></inline-formula>.
Estimation of Biomass and Carrying Capacity of Scrub Rangelands in Ucchali Wetland Complex, Soon Valley

Quantitative biomass assessment of Ucchali Wetland Complex, Soon Valley, Pakistan was conducted to determine the productive potential and carrying capacity during summer, winter and spring seasons, Three sites were selected using stratified sampling with quadrate method. Overall, average biomass production was 1113 kg ha -1 in the area. The maximum biomass production (1196 kg ha -1 ) was observed in Khabaki lake which was followed by (1081 kg ha -1 ) Jhalar lake. Ucchali lake recorded the minimum biomass production (1061 kg ha -1 ). The area was found in fair condition with overall carrying capacity 5.82 ha AU -1 year -1 . The maximum carrying capacity (5.42 ha AU -1 year -1 ) was observed in Khabaki lake which was followed by (5.99 ha AU -1 year -1 ) Jhalar lake. The minimum carrying capacity (6.1ha) was determined in Ucchali lake. Results obtained in this study provide the information to the manager of the wetland complex to manage area according to its carrying capacity and vegetation availability in various seasons.