Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Conical bores. Part I: Reflection functions associated with discontinuities

Reflection functions associated with discontinuities in conical bores are worked out for the usual cases found in woodwind instruments: taper and diameter discontinuities, open and closed ends, and open and closed holes. Radiation at open ends is considered through the impedance formulation for the open end of a cylindrical tube fitted with an infinite flange. The input impulse response of woodwinds, or related functions such as the plane‐wave or spherical‐wave reflection functions, can be calculated in the time domain by means of these reflection functions through multiple convolutions as shown in the companion article ‘‘Conical bores. Part II: Multiconvolution’’ [Martinez et al., J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 84, 1620–1627 (1988)].
Boundary element analysis of three‐dimensional mixing flow of Newtonian and viscoelastic fluids

The boundary element method (BEM) is implemented for the simulation of three-dimensional transient flows of typical relevance to mixing. Creeping Newtonian and viscoelastic fluids of the Maxwell type are examined. A boundary-only formulation in the time domain is proposed for linear viscoelastic flows. Special emphasis is placed on cavity flows involving simple- and multiple-connected moving domains. The BEM becomes particularly suited in multiple-connected flows, where part of the boundary (stirrer or rotor) is moving, and the remaining outer part (cavity or barrel) is at rest. In this case, conventional methods, such as the finite element method (FEM), generally require remeshing or mesh refinement of the three-dimensional fluid volume as the flow evolves and the domain of computation changes with time. The BEM is shown to be much easier to implement since the kinematics of the elements bounding the fluid is known (imposed). It is found that, for simple cavity flow induced by a rotating vane at constant angular velocity, the tractions at the vane tip and cavity face exhibit non-linear periodic dynamical behavior with time for fluids obeying linear constitutive equations
SNORD60 promotes the tumorigenesis and progression of endometrial cancer through binding PIK3CA and regulating PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling pathway

Endometrial carcinoma is a common gynecological malignant tumor, small nucleolar RNAs (snoRNAs) are involved in cancer development. However, researches on the roles of snoRNAs in endometrial carcinoma are limited. The expression levels of snoRNAs in endometrial cancer tissues were analyzed using The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) database. Antisense oligonucleotides (ASOs) and plasmids were used for transfection. Moreover, CCK‐8, EdU, wound‐healing assay, transwell, cell apoptosis, western blotting, and xenograft model were employed to examine the biological functions of related molecules. real‐time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction and western blotting were performed to detect messenger RNA (mRNA) and protein levels. Including bioinformatics, fluorescence in situ hybridization, RNA pulldown, actinomycin D and RTL‐P assays were also carried out to explore the molecular mechanism. Analysis of data from TCGA showed that the expression level of small nucleolar RNA, C/D box 60 (SNORD60) in endometrial cancer tissues is observably higher than that in normal endometrial tissues. Further research suggested that SNORD60 played a carcinogenic role both in vitro and in vivo, and significantly upregulated the expression of PIK3CA. However, the carcinogenic effects can be reversed by knocking down fibrillarin (FBL) or PIK3CA. SNORD60 forms complexes by binding with 2′‐O‐methyltransferase fibrillarin, thus catalyzes the 2′‐O‐methylation (Nm) modification of PIK3CA mRNA and modulates the PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling pathway, so as to promote the development of endometrial cancer. In short, SNORD60 might become a new biomarker for the therapy of endometrial cancer in the future and provide new strategies for diagnosis and treatment.
Social Media and Digital Marketing of Women Entrepreneurs in NCR

In the present Era, Digital marketing and Social media has become an important tool to spread awareness, promotion of products & services and to connect the customers and to stimulate new business. This platform is creating opportunities to the existing as well as upcoming business venture. Social media is the way to connect the customers directly by identifying their needs and it also helps in customizing the product & services as per the requirement of customers. It is cheapest way of communication regarding the promotion of product and services. There are many types of social media platforms which serves as a podium to prospective entrepreneurs to set up their business and job creation and skill development. Whether women working or homemaker are all contributor in the development of social system. Social media is playing an important role in change of the women’s personality, carriage abs their passion. There are many women entrepreneur who belongs to the small cities but building big businesses and living their dreams. There are many examples like Ms Akansha founder of Celebrity Club in2017 with less amount to invest, Kids Clothing brand listed on “Meesho” and other E-commerce platforms. She had turnover of Rs 5crore in 2018 itself. She is also connected through WhatsApp and Instagram which helps her reaching to the customers directly and getting feedback immediately. According to the sixth economic census, Ministry of Statistics and Program Implementation, women comprise around 14% of the total number of entrepreneurs based in India. As per World Bank Report 2018, India has been ranked on 120th position among 131 countries in terms of female labour force participation. The Indian government has announced many schemes for women owned businesses like Bhartiya Mahila Bank Commercial Loan Scheme, Dena Shakti Scheme, Udyogini Scheme, Mahila Udyam Nidhi Scheme and Stree Shakti Scheme. With the assistance of social media, the business has no geographical boundaries for costumers. The target of this paper is to spot the adherence and dependency of women entrepreneurs on the social media platform through Primary knowledge assortment. This paper focuses on how social media is used sagely to empower ladies during a conservative culture like India.
A note on the intervals between coal-mining disasters

The data given by Maguire, Pearson & Wynn (1952) on the time intervals between successive coal-mining disasters involving 10 or more men killed have been found to contain a number of errors. The original numbers have been quoted and used by a number of authors. The present note corrects the errors in the original paper and extends the data set to cover 191 disasters between 1851 and 1962.
Measuring Fluid Reasoning and Its Cultural Issues: A Review in the Indonesian Context

Fluid reasoning (Gf) is a central component of human abilities and has been shown to be statistically indistinguishable from general cognitive ability. However, measuring fluid reasoning is not that easy since the operationalization of the construct itself is not conclusive. This situation is exacerbated if the measurements and comparisons are carried out in groups with different cultural and language abilities. The purpose of this paper is to provide a brief overview of the fluid reasoning construct as well as measurement practices that have been carried out in Indonesia. My review would mention the positioning of fluid reasoning in several intelligence theories, how researchers conceptualize fluid reasoning, how researchers measure fluid reasoning in a multicultural context, and outline critical future directions for test development. In conclusion, I emphasize the importance of using a multi-processes figural fluid reasoning test as a proxy for a culture fair intelligence test that can be used in cross-cultural assessments.
Design and Simulation of Novel Enhancement Mode 5–20 kV GaN Vertical Superjunction High Electron Mobility Transistors for Smart Grid Applications

We report on the design, simulations and optimization of a novel enhancement mode 5–20 kV GaN vertical superjunction (SJ) high electron mobility transistor (HEMT). We optimize the space charge in GaN pillars using GaN SJ p–n diode for the best trade-off between breakdown voltage (BV) and specific on-resistance (Ronsp), by varying the pillar dosage, length and width. The resulting GaN SJ field effect transistor (FET) structure is projected to have, for example, Ronsp of 4.2 mΩ cm2 with BV of 12.4 kV.
On strong shift equivalence of symbolic matrix systems

A symbolic matrix system and a $\lambda$-graph system for a subshift are generalizations of a symbolic matrix and a $\lambda$-graph (= finite symbolic matrix); for a sofic shift respectively. In [K. Matsumoto. (Presentations of subshifts and their topological conjugacy invariants. Doc. Math. 4 (1999), 285–340)], two equivalence relations between symbolic matrix systems were formulated, properly strong shift equivalence and strong shift equivalence, which are related to topological conjugacy of subshifts. In this paper, we first prove that these two equivalence relations are equivalent to each other for a large class of symbolic matrix systems. State splitting of a $\lambda$-graph system is introduced as a generalization of state splitting of a finite directed graph. State splitting gives rise to a strong shift equivalence for the corresponding symbolic matrix systems. We prove that two subshifts are topologically conjugate if and only if the canonical $\lambda$-graph system for one subshift is obtained by a finite sequence of merged state splittings and merged state amalgamations from the canonical $\lambda$-graph system for the other subshift.
Influence of motion on image quality with a 64-channel CT scanner

Physiological motions can affect Computed Tomography (CT) exam. While the impact of some motions on CT imaging can be reduced, other physiological motions are unavoidable. To attempt correcting the resulting images, it is necessary to understand how the artifacts are formed and their influence on the image quality. Using a cardiac phantom and a dynamic platform, we have studied the influence of a translation in the z-axis associated with a rotation in the z-axis (at different speeds) on the quality of axial images using a 64-channel scanner. The results show that, the deformation, the detectability and the contrast of the calcifications are of course dependent on the density and size of the calcification but also on the movement they undergo. The noise in CT imaging is also affected by motion. The influence of motion on the image quality depends on the examined object and unfortunately cannot be predicted. The corruption of the data results in the loss of information about the form, the contrast and/or the size of the scanned object. This corruption can lead to diagnosis errors by mimicking diseases or by masking physiologic details.
Exploiting the Cone of Influence for Improving the Performance of Wavelet Transform-Based Models for ERP/EEG Classification

Features extracted from the wavelet transform coefficient matrix are widely used in the design of machine learning models to classify event-related potential (ERP) and electroencephalography (EEG) signals in a wide range of brain activity research and clinical studies. This novel study is aimed at dramatically improving the performance of such wavelet-based classifiers by exploiting information offered by the cone of influence (COI) of the continuous wavelet transform (CWT). The COI is a boundary that is superimposed on the wavelet scalogram to delineate the coefficients that are accurate from those that are inaccurate due to edge effects. The features derived from the inaccurate coefficients are, therefore, unreliable. In this study, it is hypothesized that the classifier performance would improve if unreliable features, which are outside the COI, are zeroed out, and the performance would improve even further if those features are cropped out completely. The entire, zeroed out, and cropped scalograms are referred to as the “same” (S)-scalogram, “zeroed out” (Z)-scalogram, and the “valid” (V)-scalogram, respectively. The strategy to validate the hypotheses is to formulate three classification approaches in which the feature vectors are extracted from the (a) S-scalogram in the standard manner, (b) Z-scalogram, and (c) V-scalogram. A subsampling strategy is developed to generate small-sample ERP ensembles to enable customized classifier design for single subjects, and a strategy is developed to select a subset of channels from multiple ERP channels. The three scalogram approaches are implemented using support vector machines, random forests, k-nearest neighbor, multilayer perceptron neural networks, and deep learning convolution neural networks. In order to validate the performance hypotheses, experiments are designed to classify the multi-channel ERPs of five subjects engaged in distinguishing between synonymous and non-synonymous word pairs. The results confirm that the classifiers using the Z-scalogram features outperform those using the S-scalogram features, and the classifiers using the V-scalogram features outperform those using the Z-scalogram features. Most importantly, the relative improvement of the V-scalogram classifiers over the standard S-scalogram classifiers is dramatic. Additionally, enabling the design of customized classifiers for individual subjects is an important contribution to ERP/EEG-based studies and diagnoses of patient-specific disorders.
A Study on the Effects of Lateral-Wedge Insoles on Plantar-Pressure Pattern for Medial Knee Osteoarthritis Using the Wearable Sensing Insole

Patients with knee osteoarthritis have a unique plantar-pressure pattern during walking, and lateral-wedge insoles are one of the treatment options. Participants were randomly assigned to either the lateral-wedge insole group or the ordinary insole group. The Visual Analog Scale (VAS), Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Osteoarthritis Index (WOMAC), and plantar-pressure test scores were evaluated at the baseline and at 20 weeks. Plantar pressure data were collected using a pressure insole with 89 sensing locations. In the ordinary insole group, the function and total WOMAC scores decreased significantly (function score, 24.8 (baseline) to 16.5 (week 20); total score, 34.9 (baseline) to 24.6 (week 20)). During walking, the transverse width of the center of pressure as a percentage of foot width (%Trans) significantly increased in the ordinary insole group (baseline, 6.3%; week 20, 14.8%). In addition, the values of partial foot pressure as a percentage of body weight (%PFP) on the forefoot (baseline, 30.3%; week 20, 39.2%) and heel (baseline, 28.1%; week 20, 16.9%) also increased significantly in the ordinary insole group. Significant group-by-time interaction effects were observed for partial foot pressure per body weight in the forefoot (p = 0.031) and heel (p = 0.024). In the ordinary insole group, the plantar pressure on the heel significantly decreased (p = 0.011) and that on the forefoot significantly increased (p = 0.023). In contrast, plantar pressure remained stable in all regions in the lateral-wedge insole group. Thus, lateral-wedge insoles may protect against plantar pressure deterioration in patients with knee osteoarthritis.
Vortex-lattice interaction in Pulsar Glitches

In this proceeding we present a quantitative model to study the pinning interaction between a neutron vortex and the nuclear lattice in the inner crust of a neutron star, which is formed by nuclear clusters immersed in a superfluid neutron gas. This is one of the most important quantities in the vortex model for pulsar glitches, where the sudden variations of the rotation velocity observed in some neutron stars are explained in terms of pinning-depinning processes between vortices and the nuclear lattice. The study has been done through an actual counting of the number of pinning sites between the vortex and the nuclear lattice. Moreover, it has been recognized that the vortices can have a generic orientation with respect to the lattice and thus the simple pinned-unpinned scenario (that is characteristic of the aligned case and has been assumed in previous qualitative models) is not acceptable for a realistic calculation. The forces that we have found are more than two orders of magnitude smaller than those calculated so far in the literature, and of the same order as what suggested to explain real Vela-like glitches. They can thus be applied to quantitative models for the vortex dynamics, in order to better simulate and understand these remarkable astrophysical phenomena.
Symmetry unbreaking in the shapes of perfect projectiles

We study the shapes of perfect projectiles: Bodies of prescribed volume that are designed to suffer minimum fluid drag in steady flight. Perfect projectiles have a surprising property: Although the flow of fluid around the body of the projectile is fore-aft asymmetric at moderate flow speeds, the shape of the body that minimizes drag is nonetheless highly symmetrical. We show that perfect projectiles are weakly asymmetric and that their asymmetry grows with the cube of the projectile size for sufficiently small projectiles. The persistence of apparent fore-aft symmetry is speculated to be a signature of the linearity and reciprocity of the drag-determining features of the flow around the projectile.
Mapping road surface features using single-camera images acquired by a mobile mapping system

Mapping road surface features, such as manholes, traffic markings, and cracks, is an essential task for transportation facility management. Although, these features can be rapidly surveyed using the latest mobile mapping techniques, a sophisticated sensor system with a complicated post-processing procedure is usually required. In this study, an efficient framework for modeling road surface features is proposed using a single camera system installed on a moving platform. First, the road surface images along a route of interest are acquired and potential objects are identified based on their shapes and recorded spectra in the images. Then, the contour pixels of the identified objects are extracted by the Canny edge detection technique. Finally, the 3D coordinates of the detected features in object space are obtained by integrating the profile-image technique and the instantaneous exterior orientation parameters of the platform. Based on the numerical results from a case study, it has been demonstrated that a fully automatic and reliable extraction of road surface features can be easily achieved by implementing the proposed approach. Consequently, the modeling of road surface features, which essentially contributes to the management of transportation facilities, can be executed in a cost-efficient manner.
The Role of Standardized Phase Angle in the Assessment of Nutritional Status and Clinical Outcomes in Cancer Patients: A Systematic Review of the Literature

Compared with the phase angle (PA), the predictive ability of the standardized phase angle (SPA) in assessing nutritional status and clinical outcomes in cancer patients remains uncertain. This review aimed to assess (1) the relationship between SPA and nutritional status and clinical outcomes (including complications and survival) in cancer patients; (2) the predictive ability of SPA alone and in comparison with the predictive ability of PA; and (3) the cut-off value of SPA in cancer patients. Studies that addressed the relationship of SPA use to nutritional status, complications, and survival in cancer patients were searched and identified from six electronic databases (PubMed, Medline, CINAHL, Embase, Web of Science, and the Cochrane Library). The included studies were considered to meet the following criteria: English studies with original data that reflected the effects of SPA on nutritional status and clinical outcomes (including complications and survival) and reported a cut-off value of SPA in cancer patients aged ≥18. Thirteen studies that included a total of 2787 participants were evaluated. Five studies assessed the relationship between SPA and nutritional status, and four of them reported a positive relationship between SPA and nutritional status in cancer patients, even considering SPA as a predictor. Twelve studies assessed the relationship between SPA and clinical outcomes in cancer patients. Two-thirds of the studies that evaluated complications reported the predictive ability of SPA; 30% of survival studies reported a positive relationship, 40% reported SPA as a predictor, and 30% reported no relationship. The standard cut-off value for SPA has not yet been determined. Data from the selected studies suggest that SPA might be a predictor of nutritional status. Further studies are needed to determine the value of SPA in predicting nutritional status and clinical outcomes in cancer patients.
Duality for implicit variational problems and numerical applications

The present paper deals with a dual characterization of the solutions of implicit variational problems. Some general results relating the solutions of the dual problem with those of the primal one are applied to variational and quasi-variational inequalities, Nash equilibria, saddle points and fixed points. Finally a dual method for the numerical solutions of some quasi-variational inequalities is developed.
Comparing Ant Assemblages and Functional Groups across Urban Habitats and Seasons in an East Asia Monsoon Climate Area

Simple Summary Urban green spaces often provide refuges for native biodiversity. In light of human population growth and climate change, this research’s aim was to reveal how ant community structures differed among human-modified habitats. Ant diversity was sensitive to vegetation composition, habitat fragmentation, and seasonal change, while ant functional groups responded differently to these factors, which further enhanced their sensitivity. Therefore, future conservation and monitoring plans for ant diversity should take seasonality, habitat filters, and functional groups into greater consideration. Abstract China’s East Asia monsoon zone is undergoing rapid land-use conversion and urbanization. Safeguarding remaining biodiversity requires reducing, mitigating, and/or eliminating the negative impacts of human-induced landscape modification. In this study, we sampled ground-dwelling ants at 40 plots over 12 continuous months in a suburban area in southwestern China to examine whether and how vegetation composition and habitat fragmentation affected species richness and assemblage composition for the general ant community and, specifically, for principal functional groups (including Opportunists and Generalized Myrmicinae). Warmer seasons were associated with a higher capture rate for all functional groups. Patterns of ant species richness among Opportunists were more sensitive to vegetation and fragmentation than for Generalized Myrmicinae, and these effects generally varied with season. Patterns of ant assemblage composition for Opportunists were exclusively sensitive to vegetation, whereas Generalized Myrmicinae were sensitive to both vegetation and fragmentation with variation among seasons. Overall, our findings highlight the important role of seasonality, vegetation composition, and habitat fragmentation in mediating the impacts of human-induced landscape modification on urbanized ant communities, which make an essential functional contribution to biodiversity in the East Asia monsoon zone.