Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Biomechanical determinants of bite force dimorphism in Cyclommatus metallifer stag beetles

In the stag beetle family (Lucanidae), males have diverged from females by sexual selection. The males fight each other for mating opportunities with their enlarged mandibles. It is known that owners of larger fighting apparatuses are favoured to win the male–male fights, but it was unclear whether male stag beetles also need to produce high bite forces while grabbing and lifting opponents in fights. We show that male Cyclommatus metallifer stag beetles bite three times as forcefully as females. This is not entirely unexpected given the spectacular nature of the fights, but all the more impressive given the difficulty of achieving this with their long mandibles (long levers). Our results suggest no increase in male intrinsic muscle strength to accomplish this. However, morphological analyses show that the long mandibular output levers in males are compensated by elongated input levers (and thus a wider anterior side of the head). The surplus of male bite force capability is realized by enlargement of the closer muscles of the mandibles, while overall muscle force direction remained optimal. To enable the forceful bites required to ensure male reproductive success, male head size and shape are adapted for long input levers and large muscles. Therefore, the entire head should be regarded as an integral part of male armature.
Impact of the Rotor on FRA Signatures and its Implications for Motor Health Assessment

Electrical machine condition monitoring is essential in industrial processes for increasing workplace security, ensuring reliability, and cost-effective machine operation. The frequency response analysis (FRA) monitoring technique is gaining heightened popularity due to its reliability. The main purpose of this paper is to investigate the influence of the rotor on motor FRA signature. The frequency response is a highly sensitive technique. Therefore, any small defect in the motor condition will produce a unique frequency response which then can be analyzed and detected early. In this study, two motors are selected, and the corresponding frequency response is measured. To understand the impact of the rotor on the FRA signature two measurements are considered. FRA signature with and without rotor. The results obtained from both measurements are compared and analyzed. For a better understanding of the results, statistical indicators are used. The practical results are based on the measurements taken from the experimental setup.
Effectiveness of selected preservatives in protecting Ugandan grown Eucalyptus grandis wood against termite attack

Termites are one of the major wood destroying agents in the tropics and with the increasing rateof deforestation, there is a need to protect wood from biodegradation in order to extend its servicelife. In this study the incidence and severity of termite attack on Eucalyptus grandis sapwood treatedwith CCA, used engine oil and neem extract were investigated. Sixty samples (20 × 20 × 300mm)were prepared from the sapwood at mid-height of the tree of E. grandis and air seasoned for twoweeks then treated with the preservatives. An area of 20m by 20m in a pine plantation and 15 plotsof 1m by 1m were selected at random. Four samples, one from each treatment, were placed at thecorners of the selected plots.Inspection and evaluation of stakes was made by visual assessments after every 30 days forany sign of termite attack for a period of 8 months. The specimens were removed from the ground,damage assessed and returned to the ground. After 4 weeks all the untreated wood samples hadbeen attacked, neem extract treated wood samples were attacked after 17 weeks and used engine oiltreated samples after 30 weeks. None of the CCA treated wood samples were attacked by the endof study period. Chi square analysis showed a high association between treatment and incidenceas well as between treatment and severity. It was recommended that further research be carried outon neem extract using different concentrations.
Probabilistic latent component analysis for radar signal detection

The detection of radar signal submerged in noise has always been substantial for radar performance. An algorithm of radar signal detection based on probabilistic latent component analysis is proposed in this paper. By employing probabilistic latent component analysis, signal spectrogram is explicitly modeled as a mixture of marginal distribution products and noise is described by a dictionary of marginals. The estimation of the most appropriate marginal distributions is performed using Expectation-Maximization algorithm. The goal of signal detection is achieved by selective reconstruction method of extracting signal from noise. Simulation results demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed algorithm and the improvement of signal detection over wavelet detection.
Integrated instance- and class-based generative modeling for text classification

Statistical methods for text classification are predominantly based on the paradigm of class-based learning that associates class variables with features, discarding the instances of data after model training. This results in efficient models, but neglects the fine-grained information present in individual documents. Instance-based learning uses this information, but suffers from data sparsity with text data. In this paper, we propose a generative model called Tied Document Mixture (TDM) for extending Multinomial Naive Bayes (MNB) with mixtures of hierarchically smoothed models for documents. Alternatively, TDM can be viewed as a Kernel Density Classifier using class-smoothed Multinomial kernels. TDM is evaluated for classification accuracy on 14 different datasets for multi-label, multi-class and binary-class text classification tasks and compared to instance- and class-based learning baselines. The comparisons to MNB demonstrate a substantial improvement in accuracy as a function of available training documents per class, ranging up to average error reductions of over 26% in sentiment classification and 65% in spam classification. On average TDM is as accurate as the best discriminative classifiers, but retains the linear time complexities of instance-based learning methods, with exact algorithms for both model estimation and inference.
disowning our shadow: a psychoanalytic approach to understanding punitive public attitudes

Punitive public attitudes cannot be easily explained by pointing to instrumental concerns (e.g., fear of crime, personal victimization, or real or perceived levels of crime). Instead, numerous observers have suggested that public punitiveness is more a symptom of free-floating anxieties and insecurities resulting from social change than a rational response to crime problems. We argue that these public concerns might be better understood by drawing on the insights of psychoanalytic theory, and we review relevant theoretical work to that effect.
Case for image querying through image spots

We present an image spot query technique as an alternative for content-based image retrieval based on similarity over feature vectors. Image spots are selective parts of a query image designated by users as highly relevant for the desired answer set. Compared to traditional approaches, our technique allows users to search image databases for local characteristics rather than global features. When a user query is presented to our search engine, the engine does not impose any policy of its own on the answer set; it performs an exact match based on the query terms against the database. Semantic higher concepts such as weighing the relevance of query terms, is left to the user as a task while refining their query to reach the desired answer set. Given the hundreds of feature terms involved in query spots, refinement algorithms are to be encapsulated in separate applications, which act as an intermediary between our search engine and the users.
Positive and negative regulation of cell proliferation through prostaglandin receptors in NIH‐3T3 cells

Among major eicosanoids and their analogs, prostaglandin (PG) F2α > PGD2 > PGE1 ≥ PGE2 > iloprost, a stable agonist of PGI2, dose‐dependently stimualted DNA synthesis in quiescent NIH‐3T3 cells. PGF2α, PGD2, and PGE2, in that order, formed inositol phosphates and elevated intracellular CA2+ ([Ca2+]i) but did not form cAMP nor inhibit forskolin‐induced cAMP formation. Iloprost, PGI2, and PGE1 induced cAMP formation dose‐dependently with an ED50 of around 10−7 M, and PGE2 at more than 10−6 M did it. [3H]PGF2α and [3H]PGD2 bindings to membranes from NIH‐3T3 cells were displaced in the order of PGF2α > PGD2 ≥ PGE2, while [3H]PGE2 binding was displaced by PGE2 > PGD2 ≥ PGF2α. Expression of mRNA encoding EP1 and EP4 (EP2) subtypes could be detected by reverse transcription‐ polymerase chain reaction using primers specific for EP1 and EP4 (EP2) cDNAs, but not that of EP3 subtype mRNA. The dose dependence of cAMP formation on iloprost and PGI2 and that of [Ca2+]i, elevation on PGF2α, D2, and E2 were similar to that of [3H]thymidine incorporation on the corresponding agonists. Fluprostenol (1 μM), a PGF2α receptor agonist> 17‐phenyl‐trinor‐PGE2 (1 μM), an EP1 receptor agonist stimulated [3H]thymidine incorporation, but an EP3 receptor agonist, ONO‐AP‐324, nor an EP4 (EP2) receptor agonist, 11‐deoxy‐PGE1 (1 μM) did not. Iloprost, dibutyryl cAMP, forskolin, or cholera toxin, when applied alone, enhanced [3H]thymidine incorporation, while they inhibited [3H]thymidine incorporation induced by submaximal concentrations of PGF2α or epidermal growth factor (EGF), when applied within 12 hr after agonist stimulation.
A Challenge Proposal for Narrative Generation Using CNLs

We propose a competitive shared evaluation task for Narrative Generation. It would involve the generation of new stories for a given domain from common ground knowledge shared by all systems. A set of source materials will be provided for development, represented in Controlled Natural Language (CNL), which should also be used to phrase the text outputs of participating systems. By having all participating systems operate from the same sources for knowledge and generate in a compatible output format, comparability of the results will be enhanced. Submitted re-sults will be subject to both automatic and human evaluation.
Lycopene supplementation attenuated xanthine oxidase and myeloperoxidase activities in skeletal muscle tissues of rats after exhaustive exercise

Strenuous exercise is known to induce oxidative stress leading to the generation of free radicals. The purpose of the present study was to investigate the effects of lycopene, an antioxidant nutrient, at a relatively low dose (2·6 mg/kg per d) and a relatively high dose (7·8 mg/kg per d) on the antioxidant status of blood and skeletal muscle tissues in rats after exhaustive exercise. Rats were divided into six groups: sedentary control (C); sedentary control with low-dose lycopene (CLL); sedentary control with high-dose lycopene (CHL); exhaustive exercise (E); exhaustive exercise with low-dose lycopene (ELL); exhaustive exercise with high-dose lycopene (EHL). After 30 d, the rats in the three C groups were killed without exercise, but the rats in the three E groups were killed immediately after an exhaustive running test on a motorised treadmill. The results showed that xanthine oxidase (XO) activities of plasma and muscle, and muscular myeloperoxidase (MPO) activity in group E were significantly increased compared with group C. Compared with group E, the elevations of XO and MPO activities of muscle were significantly decreased in group EHL. The malondialdehyde concentrations of plasma and tissues in group E were significantly increased by 72 and 114 %, respectively, compared with those in group C. However, this phenomenon was prevented in rats of the ELL and EHL groups. There was no significant difference in the GSH concentrations of erythrocytes in each group; however, exhaustive exercise resulted in a significant decrease in the GSH content of muscle. In conclusion, these results suggested that lycopene protected muscle tissue from oxidative stress after exhaustive exercise.
Handball and Aggression: An investigation of adolescent handball players’ perceptions of aggressive behavior

This study investigated different forms of aggression in a cross-sectional study of 14- to 16-year-old male handball players in Norway. Players responded to an inventory measuring an aggressive winning strategy (Instrumental Aggres-sion) containing items like: “I often play aggressively to win the game” as well as personal dispositions to act with anger caused by a frustrating or aversive event (Reactive Aggression) and personal dispositions to behave aggressively to gain power or increase the affiliation with others (Proactive Aggression). The aggressive winning strategy (Instrumental Aggression) correlated posi-tively and significantly with one of the dimensions of Reactive Aggression (Temperament-Related Reactive Aggression) and one of the dimensions of Proactive Aggression (Power-Related Proactive Aggression). Results may sug-gest that by stimulating an aggressive winning strategy, the handball arena may become an arena for violence and hostile attitudes incompatible with ideals of sportspersonship.
Th1 and Th17 Predominance in the Enthesitis-related Arthritis Form of Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis

Objective. A Th1 biased immune response in synovial fluid has been reported in children with polyarticular and extended oligoarticular-type juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA). We investigated T cell phenotypes including Th1, Th2, Th17, and Treg with emphasis on Th17 and Treg, in order to differentiate cytokines in the enthesitis-related arthritis (ERA) form of JIA. Methods. The frequencies of Th1, Th2, Th17, and Treg cells were determined by flow cytometry in peripheral blood (PB) and synovial fluid from patients with ERA and healthy subjects. Levels of interleukin 1ß (IL-1ß), IL-6, IL-21, IL-23, and transforming growth factor ß (TGF-ß), cytokines that influence Th17 lineage cells, were measured in paired plasma and synovial fluid (SF) samples by ELISA. Frequencies are expressed as percentages and cytokine levels as pg/ml. Results. There were no differences in blood samples in the frequency of Th1, Th2, Th17, and Treg cells between patients and controls. In paired samples, the median frequency of CD4+IFN-γ+ (20.49 vs 4.03; p < 0.005) and CD4+IL-17+ (2.27 vs 0.57; p < 0.01) cells was significantly higher in SF compared to PB, respectively; whereas the frequency of CD4+IL-4+ (1.79 vs 2.29; p < 0.04) cells was significantly reduced in the SF compared to PB. There was no difference in the frequency of regulatory T cells. Patients receiving methotrexate had fewer Th2 cells, whereas the Childhood Health Assessment Questionnaire score had a negative association with the frequency of Treg. Median levels of IL-1ß (p < 0.008), IL-6 (p < 0.0001), and IL-17 (p < 0.0001) were higher in SF than in plasma and levels of TGF-ß were lower (p < 0.001). Levels of IL-21 were similar in SF and plasma, whereas IL-23 was undetectable. Conclusion. In patients with ERA, peripheral blood Th1, Th2, Th17, and Treg cells were unchanged, but Th1 and Th17 cells were increased and Th2 cells were reduced in the SF compared to blood. Elevated IL-1ß and IL-6 in SF may be responsible for increased Th17 cells.
The potential of cohesion analysis in the Analysis and Treatment of Aphasic Discourse

This paper describes Halliday and Hasan's cohesion analysis (1976) and Hasan's later extension of this work to the cohesive harmony analysis (1985), and relates both to aphasic discourse. The roles of both lexical and grammatical cohesive devices are outlined, the lexical devices including repetition and collocation and the grammatical devices including reference (through the use of pronouns, definite articles, demonstratives and comparatives), substitution and ellipsis. The applicability of these analyses to treatment of the aphasic deficit is also discussed, with the notions of discourse and cohesion being related to communication across aphasic types and from the mild to the severe end of the aphasic continuum.
Binarized Convolutional Neural Networks with Separable Filters for Efficient Hardware Acceleration

State-of-the-art convolutional neural networks are enormously costly in both compute and memory, demanding massively parallel GPUs for execution. Such networks strain the computational capabilities and energy available to embedded and mobile processing platforms, restricting their use in many important applications. In this paper, we propose BCNN with Separable Filters (BCNNw/SF), which applies Singular Value Decomposition (SVD) on BCNN kernels to further reduce computational and storage complexity. We provide a closed form of the gradient over SVD to calculate the exact gradient with respect to every binarized weight in backward propagation. We verify BCNNw/SF on the MNIST, CIFAR-10, and SVHN datasets, and implement an accelerator for CIFAR10 on FPGA hardware. Our BCNNw/SF accelerator realizes memory savings of 17% and execution time reduction of 31.3% compared to BCNN with only minor accuracy sacrifices.
Enhancing Women's Safety Through Customized Smartphone Sensor Data: A Human Activity Recognition System

Human activity recognition (HAR) research using smartphone sensor technology has changed people's daily lives and opened the door for numerous exciting applications due to its extensive applications in addressing real-world humancentric issues. These studies, however, mostly concentrated on a woman's daily activities and behaviours when she is attacked, such as running, walking, sleeping,eating,drinking,lying, straight punching, front kicking, and so forth. The article offers a method to foresee human behaviour using a deep learning model and evaluates the efficiency of the approach using real-world data in response to this. We offer an LSTM structure for detecting the intensity of HAR in order to track activity patterns and build a neural network with binary classification skills to evaluate the situation of women. The proposed model uses the dataset to identify human activity, which records 30 volunteers' body movements while they engage in 18 physical activities. Feature engineering is used to extract additional variables from the data in addition to that. Our proposed model achieves a 90.89% accuracy.
Effects of obesity on the association between long‐term sleep apnea treatment and changes in interleukin‐6 levels: the Icelandic Sleep Apnea Cohort

The aim of this study was to evaluate changes in interleukin (IL)‐6 and soluble IL‐6 receptor levels in obstructive sleep apnea patients and assess the role of positive airway pressure treatment and obesity on these changes. A total of 309 newly diagnosed subjects with sleep apnea from the Icelandic Sleep Apnea Cohort were referred for treatment and reassessed at a 2‐year follow‐up. Full treatment was defined objectively as use ≥4 h day−1 and ≥20 days month−1. At the 2‐year follow‐up, there were 177 full users, 44 partial users and 88 non‐users. The mean change in biomarker levels from baseline to the 2‐year follow‐up was assessed in a primary model that included adjustment for baseline biomarker levels, baseline body mass index and change in body mass index, as well as after adjustment for numerous relevant covariates. No significant overall difference in IL‐6 level change was found among full, partial and non‐users. However, in severely obese patients (body mass index ≥35), a significant increase in IL‐6 levels during the 2‐year period was found in partial and non‐users, compared to no change in full users. Results were attenuated in a smaller propensity score matched subsample, although similar trends were observed. No differences were found in soluble IL‐6 receptor levels between full users and non‐users, after adjustment for confounders. In conclusion, among untreated obese sleep apnea patients, IL‐6 levels increase substantially during 2 years, while adherence to positive airway pressure treatment may prevent further increases in this inflammatory biomarker.
Metonymy: Unity in diversity

The range of phenomena labelled as “metonymy” is so multifarious that it may seem impossible to reduce all these phenomena to a common semantic denominator. In accordance with many traditional and modern accounts in the fields of rhetoric and linguistics, this article reconstructs metonymy as a linguistic effect upon the content of a given form, based on a figure/ground effect along the contiguity relations within a given frame and generated by pragmatic processes. Thanks to these criteria, we are able to demonstrate the internal diversity as well as the fundamental unity of metonymy with respect to numerous aspects of language (innovation and conventionality, paradigmatic and syntagmatic dimension, linguistic subsystems like grammar, lexicon, etc., different levels of conceptual abstraction, concept and referent, speaker and hearer activities, principle of relevance) and to put metonymy in its right place by distinguishing it from linguistic effects based on other conceptual, especially taxonomic, relations and from other contiguity-based effects.
Bank Owners or Bank Managers: Who is Keen on Risk? Evidence from the Financial Crisis

In this paper, we analyse whether bank owners or bank managers were the driving force behind the risks incurred in the wake of the financial crisis of 2007/2008. We show that owner controlled banks had higher profits in the years before the crisis, and incurred larger losses and were more likely to require government assistance during the crisis compared to manager-controlled banks. The results are robust to controlling for a wide variety of bank specific, country specific, regulatory and legal variables. Regulation does not seem to mitigate risk taking by bank owners. We find no evidence that profit smoothing drives our findings. The results suggest that privately optimal contracts aligning the incentives of management and shareholders may not be socially optimal in banks.
The dilemmas of a hybrid peace: Negative or positive?

Hybrid forms of peace represent a juxtaposition between international norms and interests and local forms of agency and identity. A first stage may be tense forms of hybrid politics that maintain structural violence, fail to resolve the contradictions between local and international norms, and reflect the outsourcing of colonial style rule. This could be characterised as, or lead to, a negative form of hybrid peace. A positive form of hybrid peace would have the advantage of having resolved such contradictions through active rather than passive everyday agency. This article examines this range of dilemmas surrounding debates about hybrid peace.
Sensorimotor integration: basic concepts, abnormalities related to movement disorders and sensorimotor training-induced cortical reorganization.

INTRODUCTION Sensorimotor integration is defined as the capability of the central nervous system to integrate different sources of stimuli, and parallelly, to transform such inputs in motor actions. AIM To review the basic principles of sensorimotor integration, such as, its neural bases and its elementary mechanisms involved in specific goal-directed tasks performed by healthy subjects, and the abnormalities reported in the most common movement disorders, such as, Parkinson' disease, dystonia and stroke, like the cortical reorganization-related mechanisms. DEVELOPMENT AND CONCLUSIONS Whether these disorders are associated with an abnormal peripheral sensory input or defective central processing is still unclear, but most of the data support a central mechanism. We found that the sensorimotor integration process plays a potential role in elementary mechanisms involved in specific goal-directed tasks performed by healthy subjects and in occurrence of abnormalities in most common movement disorders and, moreover, play a potential role on the acquisition of abilities that have as critical factor the coupling of different sensory data which will constitute the basis of elaboration of motor outputs consciously goal-directed.