Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Behavioural lateralisation in the Australian magpie (Gymnorhina tibicen)

In many vertebrates, the brain is lateralised such that each hemisphere is specialised to serve specific functions. This may translate into lateralisation in behaviour through preferential use of receptors or appendages associated with a particular hemisphere (e.g., handedness) or in differential responses to stimuli perceived on the animal's left or right side. In this study, we investigated behavioural laterality in the Australian magpie, Gymnorhina tibicen. We found that, while the birds did not have a population bias for one antipredator behaviour (visual inspection of an approaching human), there were biases for another (alarm calling); those birds that used their left eye more relative to their right eye gave alarm calls more frequently. We also observed that juvenile birds begged for food on the right side of parents significantly more frequently than on the left side. These trends are consistent with trends in behavioural laterality that have been recorded in captive and lab-reared species. Ours is one of the few studies to observe patterns of laterality in a wild species.
Oviposition and Breeding Water Sites Preferences of Mosquitoes within Ojo area, Lagos State, Nigeria

Introduction: Mosquitoes are slender, flying insects of the order diptera (true flies) in the arthropod Super-Phylum. They are deadly insects transmitting diseases such as malaria, elephantiasis and several arboviruses. The adaptability of mosquitoes is a problem and this is tantamount to greater spread of diseases. Malaria is the most widespread mosquito borne disease in Nigeria where it is holoendemic. Aim: The source of malaria problem is the diverse breeding sites of mosquitoes. This work investigates preferred mosquito breeding water sites, physicochemical factors and colour cues influencing oviposition and development of mosquitoes. Methods: Investigations were carried out on the preferred oviposition and breeding water sites of mosquitoes in the wild during the rainy season. 100 CL of water were collected from five water samples each of packaged water, polluted water, pond water, tap water and rain water. The water samples were transferred to five green and five transparent containers (200CL) each and left opened in a well ventilated laboratory overnight for four weeks. Daily temperature and weekly Hydrogen ion concentration (ph) of the water in each container were taken. Results: It was observed that mosquitoes oviposited in the ten containers continuously. The two mosquito genera identified were Anopheles and Culex specie using their developmental stages as morphotaxonomic indices. More Anopheles spp (57.2%) oviposited than Culex spp (42.7%) although this was not statistically significant. The polluted water had more Culex specie while the rain water had more Anopheles species with no regard for the colour of the container. Green colour did not serve as a significant cue for oviposition. Packaged water had the least mosquitoes of both species. There were no significant differences in temperature and Ph ranges of all sampled water in both containers. Conclusion: Mosquito breeding occur right in homes as humans indulge in malariogenic lifestyles. Objects, excavations, plants and anything that can hold water must be eliminated. Water storage containers should always be covered. This work suggests control programmes must put into place preferred breeding sites of mosquitoes. Enforcement of environmental sanitation by cleaning drainages and open gutters around homes will go a long way. Education of the populace on mosquito breeding sites in homes is advocated.
Robust distributed two-way relay beamforming in cognitive radio networks

In this paper, we present distributed beamformer designs for a cognitive radio network (CRN) consisting of a pair of cognitive (or secondary) transceiver nodes communicating with each other through a set of secondary non-regenerative two-way relays. The secondary network shares the spectrum with a licensed primary user (PU), and operates under a constraint on the maximum interference to the PU, in addition to its own resource and quality of service (QoS) constraints. We propose beamformer designs assuming that the available channel state information (CSI) is imperfect, which reflects realistic scenarios. The performance of proposed designs is robust to the CSI errors. Such robustness is critical in CRNs given the difficulty in acquiring perfect CSI due to loose cooperation between the PUs and the secondary users (SUs), and the need for strict enforcement of PU interference limit. We consider a mean-square error (MSE)-constrained beamformer that minimizes the total relay transmit power and an MSE-balancing beamformer with a constraint on the total relay transmit power. We show that the proposed designs can be reformulated as convex optimization problems that can be solved efficiently. Through numerical simulations, we illustrate the improved performance of the proposed robust designs compared to non-robust designs.
Comments on "Information Distortion in a Supply Chain: The Bullwhip Effect"

In this commentary, we trace back how we pursued research on the bullwhip effect, which resulted in the article published in Management Science. We reflect on the evolution of this concept, the impact that our work has had on industry, the way our work has been used in the teaching of supply chain management, and the key directions of research that have taken place since then.
Multi-Objective Particle Swarm Optimization for Facility Location Problem in Wireless Mesh Networks

Wireless mesh networks have seen a real progress due of their implementation at a low cost. They present one of Next Generation Networks technologies and can serve as home, companies and universities networks. In this paper, we propose and discuss a new multi-objective model for nodes deployment optimization in M ulti-Radio M ulti-Channel Wireless M esh Networks. We exploit the trade-off between network cost and the overall network performance. This optimization problem is solved simultaneously by using a meta-heuristic method that returns a non-dominated set of near optimal solutions. A comparative study was driven to evaluate the efficiency of the proposed model.
Risk of mortality in relation to an updated classification of left ventricular geometric abnormalities in a general population: the Pamela study

Aim: We estimated the risk of cardiovascular and all-cause mortality associated with left ventricular geometric patterns, as defined by a new classification system proposed by the Dallas Heart Study, in 1716 representatives of the general population of Monza enrolled in the Pressioni Monitorate e Loro Associazioni (PAMELA) study. Methods: Cut-points for abnormal left ventricular geometric patterns were derived from reference values of the healthy fraction of the PAMELA population by combining left ventricular mass (LVM) index, left ventricular diameter and relative wall thickness. Death certificates were collected over an average 211 months follow-up period. Results: During follow-up, 89 fatal cardiovascular events and 264 all-cause deaths were recorded. Concentric remodelling was the most common left ventricular geometric abnormality (9.4%) followed by eccentric nondilated left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH) (6.3%), concentric LVH (4.6%) and eccentric dilated LVH (3.5%). Compared with normal left ventricular geometry, concentric LVH [hazard ratio 2.20, 95% confidence interval (95% CI) 1.44–3.37, P < 0.0003], eccentric dilated LVH (hazard ratio 1.90, 95% CI 1.17–3.08, P = 0.009) and eccentric nondilated LVH (hazard ratio 1.57, 95% CI 1.07–2.31, P = 0.02) predicted the risk of cardiovascular mortality, after adjustment for baseline covariates, including ambulatory blood pressure. Similar findings were observed for all-cause mortality. Only concentric LVH maintained a significant prognostic value for both outcomes after adjustment for baseline differences in LVM index. Conclusion: The new classification system of left ventricular geometric patterns may improve mortality risk stratification in a general population. The risk is markedly dependent on LVM values; only concentric LVH provides a prognostic information beyond that conveyed by cardiac mass.
Coexistence of Multifarious Explicit Nonlinear Wave Solutions for Modified Forms of Camassa-Holm and Degaperis-Procesi Equations

In this paper, we consider two nonlinear equations ut - uxxt + 3u2ux = 2uxuxx + uuxxx and ut - uxxt + 4u2ux = 3uxuxx + uuxxx which are called modified forms of Camassa–Holm and Degaperis–Procesi equations, respectively. For given constant wave speed, we investigate the coexistence of multifarious explicit nonlinear wave solutions, solitary wave solution, peakon wave solution, singular wave solution, smooth periodic wave solution and singular periodic wave solution. Not only is the coexistence shown, but the concrete expressions are presented via the bifurcation method of dynamical systems. From our work it can be seen that these two equations possess a lot of similar properties, and the types of their explicit nonlinear wave solutions are more than that of Camassa–Holm and Degaperis–Procesi equations. Many previous results are our special cases.
Density and regularity theorems for semi-algebraic hypergraphs

A k-uniform semi-algebraic hypergraph H is a pair (P, E), where P is a subset of Rd and E is a collection of k-tuples {p1, . , pk} ⊂ P such that (p1, . . ., pk) ∈ E if and only if the kd coordinates of the pi-s satisfy a boolean combination of a finite number of polynomial inequalities. The complexity of H can be measured by the number and the degrees of these inequalities and the number of variables (coordinates) kd. Several classical results in extremal hypergraph theory can be substantially improved when restricted to semi-algebraic hypergraphs. Substantially improving a theorem of Fox, Gromov, Lafforgue, Naor, and Pach, we establish the following "polynomial regularity lemma": For any 0 0 is a constant that depends on the complexity of H. We also establish an improved lower bound, single exponentially decreasing in k, on the best constant δ > 0 such that the vertex classes P1, . , Pk of every k-partite k-uniform semi-algebraic hypergraph H = (P1 ∪ . . . ∪ Pk, E) with |E| ≥ [EQUATION] have, for 1 ≤ i ≤ k, δ|Pi|-element subsets P'i ⊆ Pi satisfying P'1 x . x P'k ⊆ E. The best previously known lower bound on δ due to Bukh and Hubard decreased double exponentially fast in k. We give three geometric applications of our results. In particular, we establish the following strengthening of the so-called same-type lemma of Barany and Valtr: Any disjoint finite sets P1, . , Pk ⊂ [EQUATION]d (k > d) have for 1 ≤ i ≤ k subsets P'i of size at least 2−O(d3 k log k)|Pi| with the property that every k-tuple formed by taking one point from each P'i has the same order type. The above techniques carry over to property testing. We show that for any typical hereditary hypergraph property Q, there is a randomized algorithm with query complexity (1/e)c(Q) to determine (with probability at least .99) whether a k-uniform semi-algebraic hypergraph H = (P, E) with constant description complexity is e-near to having property Q, that is, whether one can change at most e|P|k hyperedges of H in order to obtain a hypergraph that has the property. The testability of such properties for general k-uniform hypergraphs was first shown by Alon and Shapira (for graphs) and by Rodl and Schacht (for k > 2). The query complexity time of their algorithms is enormous, growing considerably faster than a tower function.
The effects of waterpipe tobacco smoking on health outcomes: a systematic review.

BACKGROUND There is a need for a comprehensive and critical review of the literature to inform scientific debates about the public health effects of waterpipe smoking. The objective of this study was therefore to systematically review the medical literature for the effects of waterpipe tobacco smoking on health outcomes. METHODS We conducted a systematic review using the Cochrane Collaboration methodology for conducting systematic reviews. We rated the quality of evidence for each outcome using the Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation (GRADE) methodology. RESULTS Twenty-four studies were eligible for this review. Based on the available evidence, waterpipe tobacco smoking was significantly associated with lung cancer [odds ratio (OR) = 2.12; 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.32-3.42], respiratory illness (OR = 2.3; 95% CI 1.1-5.1), low birth-weight (OR = 2.12; 95% CI 1.08-4.18) and periodontal disease (OR = 3-5). It was not significantly associated with bladder cancer (OR = 0.8; 95% CI 0.2-4.0), nasopharyngeal cancer (OR = 0.49; 95% CI 0.20-1.23), oesophageal cancer (OR = 1.85; 95% CI 0.95-3.58), oral dysplasia (OR = 8.33; 95% CI 0.78-9.47) or infertility (OR = 2.5; 95% CI 1.0-6.3) but the CIs did not exclude important associations. Smoking waterpipe in groups was not significantly associated with hepatitis C infection (OR = 0.98; 95% CI 0.80-1.21). The quality of evidence for the different outcomes varied from very low to low. CONCLUSION Waterpipe tobacco smoking is possibly associated with a number of deleterious health outcomes. There is a need for high-quality studies to identify and quantify with confidence all the health effects of this form of smoking.
Human B‐cell memory is shaped by age‐ and tissue‐specific T‐independent and GC‐dependent events

Switched and IgM memory B cells execute different and noninterchangeable functions. We studied memory B cells in children of different ages, in peripheral blood and spleen and compared them with those of children born asplenic or unable to build germinal centers. We show that, whereas switched memory B cells are mostly generated in the germinal centers at all ages, IgM memory B cells can be distinct in three types with different developmental history. Innate IgM memory B cells, the largest pool in infants, are generated in the spleen by a germinal center‐independent mechanism. With age, if the spleen is present and germinal centers are functional, innate IgM memory B cells are remodelled and accumulate somatic mutations. The third type of IgM memory B cell is a by‐product of the germinal center reaction. Our data suggest that the B‐cell memory developmental program is implemented during the first 5–6 years of life.
Comparing Patterns of Stress in Daily Experiences of Elderly Caregivers and Noncaregivers

A daily experience survey instrument was used to distinguish patterns of stress in a group of elderly individuals providing home care to a spouse or parent with Alzheimer's disease and a comparison group of elderly non-caregivers. It was found that life circumstances influenced stress perception in daily life. Caregivers and noncaregivers differed in the types of experiences they endorsed as routines, uplifts, challenges, and hassles, and in the impact ratings associated with them in consistent and interpretable ways.
Decisions, dopamine, and degeneracy in complex biological systems

The neurobiological and computational analysis of value-based decision-making rests within the domain of neuroeconomics which has the goal of providing a biological account of human behavior relevant to both natural and social sciences. This review proposes a framework to investigate different aspects of the theoretical and molecular neurobiology of decision-making. In order to learn how to make good decisions, the brain needs to compute a separate value signal that measures the desirability of the outcomes that were generated by its previous decisions. The framework presented here combines aspects of current ideas relating to information processing by the hippocampal formation and how these relate to the phasic midbrain dopaminergic firing that occurs in response to the spatial and motivational aspects of rewarding events in the environment. The activities of hippocampal ensembles are considered to reflect a continuous updating process for attended experiences, defining both regular and irregular stimuli, environments, and actions, that are rapidly encoded as schemas into pre-
Down-regulation of p73 correlates with high histological grade in Japanese with breast carcinomas.

BACKGROUND p73, a homologue of p53, has been located at chromosome 1p36-33, a region of frequently observed loss of heterozygosity in breast cancers. The objective of the present study was to investigate the function of p73 in Japanese with breast cancers. METHODS Sixty Japanese patients with breast cancer were assessed by polymerase chain reaction single strand confirmation polymorphism analysis and direct sequencing to detect the p73 allele. p73 mRNA levels were also determined in 40 out of 60 patients by reverse-transcriptional polymerase chain reaction. RESULTS We analyzed the entire open reading frame of the p73 gene by polymerase chain reaction single strand confirmation polymorphism and sequencing, and failed to identify any mutations of p73 in the encoding regions detected. Loss of heterozygosity of p73 was infrequent and only found in 9% of breast carcinomas. We revealed a few polymorphisms with a frequency of 13% - 29%, which had been reported previously. Down-regulation of p73 mRNA expression was observed in tumor tissues in comparison to the normal breast tissues. A significant inverse correlation was found between p73 transcripts and high histological grade, suggesting that down-regulated p73 expression could be related to poor prognosis in those patients. CONCLUSION Our results suggest that p73 may serve as a tumor suppressor gene and its expression plays a role in tumorigenesis in Japanese patients with breast cancer.
Security type error diagnosis for higher-order, polymorphic languages

We combine the type error slicing and heuristics based approaches to type error diagnostic improvement within the context of type based security analysis on a let-polymorphic call by value lambda calculus extended with lists, pairs and the security specific constructs declassify and protect. We define and motivate four classes of heuristics that help diagnose inconsistencies among the constraints, and show their effect on a selection of security incorrect programs.
Assessment of ventilatory thresholds during graded and maximal exercise test using time varying analysis of respiratory sinus arrhythmia

Objective: To test whether ventilatory thresholds, measured during an exercise test, could be assessed using time varying analysis of respiratory sinus arrhythmia frequency (fRSA). Methods: Fourteen sedentary subjects and 12 endurance athletes performed a graded and maximal exercise test on a cycle ergometer: initial load 75 W (sedentary subjects) and 150 W (athletes), increments 37.5 W/2 min. fRSA was extracted from heart period series using an evolutive model. First (TV1) and second (TV2) ventilatory thresholds were determined from the time course curves of ventilation and ventilatory equivalents for O2 and CO2. Results:fRSA was accurately extracted from all recordings and positively correlated to respiratory frequency (r = 0.96 (0.03), p<0.01). In 21 of the 26 subjects, two successive non-linear increases were determined in fRSA, defining the first (TRSA1) and second (TRSA2) fRSA thresholds. When expressed as a function of power, TRSA1 and TRSA2 were not significantly different from and closely linked to TV1 (r = 0.99, p<0.001) and TV2 (r = 0.99, p<0.001), respectively. In the five remaining subjects, only one non-linear increase was observed close to TV2. Significant differences (p<0.04) were found between athlete and sedentary groups when TRSA1 and TRSA2 were expressed in terms of absolute and relative power and percentage of maximal aerobic power. In the sedentary group, TRSA1 and TRSA2 were 150.3 (18.7) W and 198.3 (28.8) W, respectively, whereas in the athlete group TRSA1 and TRSA2 were 247.3 (32.8) W and 316.0 (28.8) W, respectively. Conclusions: Dynamic analysis of fRSA provides a useful tool for identifying ventilatory thresholds during graded and maximal exercise test in sedentary subjects and athletes.
Causal Evidence for a Privileged Working Memory State in Early Visual Cortex

Emerging evidence suggests that items held in working memory (WM) might not all be in the same representational state. One item might be privileged over others, making it more accessible and thereby recalled with greater precision. Here, using transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS), we provide causal evidence in human participants that items in WM are differentially susceptible to disruptive TMS, depending on their state, determined either by task relevance or serial position. Across two experiments, we applied TMS to area MT+ during the WM retention of two motion directions. In Experiment 1, we used an “incidental cue” to bring one of the two targets into a privileged state. In Experiment 2, we presented the targets sequentially so that the last item was in a privileged state by virtue of recency. In both experiments, recall precision of motion direction was differentially affected by TMS, depending on the state of the memory target at the time of disruption. Privileged items were recalled with less precision, whereas nonprivileged items were recalled with higher precision. Thus, only the privileged item was susceptible to disruptive TMS over MT+. By contrast, precision of the nonprivileged item improved either directly because of facilitation by TMS or indirectly through reduced interference from the privileged item. Our results provide a unique line of evidence, as revealed by TMS over a posterior sensory brain region, for at least two different states of item representation in WM.
Designing gamification framework to support social media application based on game elements and cutting-edge technology

Gamification is widely applied in various fields, such as business, marketing, education and social media. Gamification is predicted to be used by many companies. Therefore, gamification is still being developed. Nowadays, social media application also growing rapidly and make a new social media application must have new methods to penetrate the global market. This research is assembled from various literature about game elements used in gamification products and it is discovered that there are twenty-five game elements that can be used in a gamification product. The research also describe some cutting-edge technologies are used to improve the benefits of gamification products and affect the habit of the users. This research aims to describe game elements and technologies that can be applied in gamification products. Based on the research, a simple and generic gamification framework is designed to support gamification in social media applications by considering three different perspectives, the developer, the user and the beneficiaries.