Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
A transparent, solvent-free laminated top electrode for perovskite solar cells

Abstract A simple lamination process of the top electrode for perovskite solar cells is demonstrated. The laminate electrode consists of a transparent and conductive plastic/metal mesh substrate, coated with an adhesive mixture of poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene):poly(styrenesulfonate), PEDOT:PSS, and sorbitol. The laminate electrode showed a high degree of transparency of 85%. Best cell performance was achieved for laminate electrodes prepared with a sorbitol concentration of ~30 wt% per milliliter PEDOT:PSS dispersion, and using a pre-annealing temperature of 120°C for 10 min before lamination. Thereby, perovskite solar cells with stabilized power conversion efficiencies of (7.6 ± 1.0)% were obtained which corresponds to 80% of the reference devices with reflective opaque gold electrodes.
Manual Queries and Machine Translation in Cross-Language Retrieval and Interactive Retrieval with Cheshire II at TREC-7

For TREC-7, the Berkeley ad-hoc experiments explored more phrase discovery in topics and documents. We utilized Boolean retrieval combined with probabilistic ranking for 17 topics in ad-hoc manual entry. Our cross-language experiments tested 3 di erent widely available machine translation software packages. For language pairs (e.g. German to French) for which no direct machine translation was available we made use of English as a universal intermediate language. For CLIR we also manually reformulated the English topics before doing machine translation, and this elicited a signi cant performance increase for both quad language retrieval and for English against English and French documents. In our Interactive Track entry eight searchers conducted eight searches each, half on the Cheshire II system and the other half on the Zprise system, for a total of 64 searches. Questionnaires were administered to gather information about basic demographic and searching experience, about each search, about each of the systems, and nally, about the user's perceptions of the systems.
Efficient Total Variation Minimization Methods for Color Image Restoration

In this paper, we consider and study a total variation minimization model for color image restoration. In the proposed model, we use the color total variation minimization scheme to denoise the deblurred color image. An alternating minimization algorithm is employed to solve the proposed total variation minimization problem. We show the convergence of the alternating minimization algorithm and demonstrate that the algorithm is very efficient. Our experimental results show that the quality of restored color images by the proposed method are competitive with the other tested methods.
Optimal traffic merging strategy for communication- and sensor-enabled vehicles

Attaining efficient road traffic through optimizing travel time and energy consumption without compromising safety is a key goal in transport telematics. Lane-changes and merging have a vital role in modelling on-ramp and off-ramp bottlenecks. Near on-ramps and off-ramps, they are often major factors to cause safety hazards and traffic breakdowns. In this paper, we address the problem of improving/optimizing merging time at on-ramps and thus reducing the merging bottlenecks. In order to merge two streams of communication-and sensor-enabled vehicles, we define a merging problem and propose a proactive optimal merging strategy that dissociates the point of decision-making from the actual merging point. Our algorithm computes the optimal merging order for the group of vehicles of the two streams. Our optimal merging algorithm for on-ramp vehicles (single-lane scenario) outperforms an efficient, previously suggested strategy as well as the conventional mainstream priority merging in terms of merging time and rate, waiting time, energy consumption, flow and average velocity (especially at the point after the initial merging point) at the cost of slightly increased average trip time for the mainstream vehicles compared to the conventional merging. We also highlight important directions for further research.
Behavioral decision-making in fi nance: An overview and assessment of selected research La toma de decisión en las fi nanzas del comportamiento: estado de la cuestión a partir de los trabajos seleccionados

Everyday fi nancial decisions are the product of diverse factors, including instinct, habit, emotion, reason, and social interaction. Psychologists have long aspired to unravel the determinants of intuitive judgment and choice. Slowly but surely, they have identifi ed various psycho lo gical mecha- nisms that cause predictable decision biases. This survey puts special emphasis on behavioral research in fi nance that investigates information overload, emotion, social infl uence, and ambiguity aversion. It also discusses selected cognitive models that attempt to integrate the way individuals interpret and act upon information. In general, behavioral research casts serious doubt on the validity of some of the key insights of mainstream fi nance such as portfolio theory, the positive risk-return trade-off, and effi cient markets.
Multi-electrode stimulation in somatosensory cortex increases probability of detection

Objective. Brain machine interfaces (BMIs) that decode control signals from motor cortex have developed tremendously in the past decade, but virtually all rely exclusively on vision to provide feedback. There is now increasing interest in developing an afferent interface to replace natural somatosensation, much as the cochlear implant has done for the sense of hearing. Preliminary experiments toward a somatosensory neuroprosthesis have mostly addressed the sense of touch, but proprioception, the sense of limb position and movement, is also critical for the control of movement. However, proprioceptive areas of cortex lack the precise somatotopy of tactile areas. We showed previously that there is only a weak tendency for neighboring neurons in area 2 to signal similar directions of hand movement. Consequently, stimulation with the relatively large currents used in many studies is likely to activate a rather heterogeneous set of neurons. Approach. Here, we have compared the effect of single-electrode stimulation at subthreshold levels to the effect of stimulating as many as seven electrodes in combination. Main results. We found a mean enhancement in the sensitivity to the stimulus (d′) of 0.17 for pairs compared to individual electrodes (an increase of roughly 30%), and an increase of 2.5 for groups of seven electrodes (260%). Significance. We propose that a proprioceptive interface made up of several hundred electrodes may yield safer, more effective sensation than a BMI using fewer electrodes and larger currents.
Elliptic Curve Cryptography (ECC) Support for Public Key Cryptography for Initial Authentication in Kerberos (PKINIT)

This document describes the use of Elliptic Curve certificates, Elliptic Curve signature schemes and Elliptic Curve Diffie-Hellman (ECDH) key agreement within the framework of PKINIT -- the Kerberos Version 5 extension that provides for the use of public key cryptography. This memo provides information for the Internet community.
Distributed agent-based performance testing framework on Web Services

Web Services are applied widely in the field of information technology, and performance testing for Web Services applications has become an important problem. This paper introduces the method of performance testing, and proposes a framework of agent-based performance testing on Web Services, which includes TestFlow Generator, Scenario Creator, Test Manager, Load Generation Agent and Test Analyzer. And the implementation of kernel modules in the framework is introduced especially. To realize the load allocation to distributed Load Generation Agents from Test Manager, a queue-based allocation strategy is given.
İşaret Dili Dersine Katılan Öğretmen Adaylarının Görüşlerine Göre Türk İşaret Dili Eğitiminin İncelenmesi

Isaret dili, isitme engelli bireylerin iletisim kurmak icin kullandiklari yontemlerden birisidir. Egitim ortamlarinda isaret dilinin bir iletisim araci olarak kullaniminda, ogretmenlere buyuk sorumluluk dusmektedir. Bu nedenle isaret dilini bilen, ogretimde aktif olarak kullanabilen ogretmenler yetistirilmesi onemli gorulmektedir. Bu calismada, secmeli isaret dili dersi alan egitim fakultesi ogrencilerinin Turk Isaret Dili dili egitimine iliskin goruslerinin incelenmesi amaclanmistir. Betimsel desende gerceklestirilen calismada, nitel arastirma yontemlerinden yari yapilandirilmis gorusme teknigi kullanilmistir. Bu amacla uzman gorusu alinarak yari yapilandirilmis gorusme formu hazirlanmistir. Secmeli isaret dili egitimini tamamlamis dort farkli bolumden (Rehberlik ve Psikolojik Danismanlik, Fen Bilgisi Ogretmenligi, Bilgisayar ve Ogretim Teknolojileri Egitimi, Sinif Ogretmenligi) 62 ogretmen adayi ile yuzyuze gorusulmustur. O gretmen adaylarinin goruslerini yansitan bulgularin, ayrintili ve butunsel bicimde analiz edilmesi amaciyla NVivo programi kullanilmistir. Veriler ''Turk Isaret Dilinin Gunluk iletisimde etkililigine iliskin gorusler'', ''Katilimcinin ailesi, yakini ya da arkadasinin isitme engelli olmasina iliskin gorusler'', ''Turk Isaret Dilinin Gerekliligine (merak) iliskin gorusler'' ve '' Turk Isaret Dilinin Akademik yeterliligine iliskin gorusler'' seklinde dort ana temada ozetlenmistir. Dort ana temadan olusan secmeli isaret dili dersine katilan ogretmen adaylarinin gorusleri, isaret dili dersini tercih etme nedenleri, isaret dilinin iletisim surecine etkisi, egitim ortamlarinda kullanilmasi, mesleki kariyerlerine etkisi, akademik ve gunluk yasamlarinda isaret dilini kullanabilme yeterliklerine iliskin toplam 98 alt kategoride betimlenmistir. Bu calisma bulgularinin, isaret dili ders programlarina ve ozel egitim alaninda gorev alacak ogretmenlerin mesleki yeterliklerine katki saglayacagi dusunulmektedir .
Energy-Efficient WSN Architecture for Illegal Deforestation Detection

We present an energy-efficient wireless sensor network (WSN) architecture tailored for illegal deforestation detection. Illegal deforestation is a world-wide problem which may be prevented through improved monitoring of forested areas utilizing sensor networks equipped with chain-saw detection. Additional to detection, we identify sound source localization and sensor node localization as essential features of a deforestation monitoring WSN, and analyze two possible architectures which perform sound source localization with the distributed time difference-of-arrival (TDOA) algorithm and microphone-array based localization respectively. We develop an energy model and evaluate the two architectures. Our results indicate that the microphone array based WSN requires more hardware and is more complex, but is an order of magnitude more energy efficient than the distributed TDOA WSN as it minimizes radio traffic. This improvement in efficiency enables the microphone array equipped WSN to potentially operate for over a year, enabling practical deforestation monitoring with WSNs.
A UNIFIED SEGMENTATION METHOD FOR DETECTING SUBCELLULAR COMPARTMENTS IN IMMUNOFLUORESCENTLY LABELED TISSUE IMAGES

We present a unified segmentation framework for detecting both membrane and nuclei structures in microscopy images of immunofluorescently labeled histological tissue sections. The non-parametric method presented can handle arbitrary mixtures of bloband ridge-like structures, which is commonly found in tissue images. The algorithm iteratively estimates the empirical likelihood functions of curvature and intensity based features of nuclei and membrane structures. The method was compared to manual segmentation, binary thresholding and watershed, and achieved up to 97.1% sensitivity and 94.4% specificity compared to manual segmentation. Scores measuring target protein expressions in each of the segmented subcellular compartments were also computed. For estrogen receptor (ER), the automatically obtained expression scores achieved 96% sensitivity and 90% specificity compared to manual assessment.
Syndrome of encephalopathy and fatty degeneration of viscera in New Zealand children.

Kemper, J. W. , Baggenstoss, A. H. , and Slocumb, C. H. (1957). Ann. intern. Med., 46, 831. Kenney, J. D. , and Calkins, E. (1965). Progress in Clinical Rheumatology, edited by A. St. J. Dixon, p. 281. Churchill, London. Kreel, L. , and Urquhart, W. (1963). Brit. 7. Radiol. , 36, 715. Laws, J. W. (1965). Progress in Clinical Rheumatology, edited by A. St. J. Dixon, p. 251. Churchill, London. Lillie, J. G. , and Scott, J. T. (1963). Brit. 7. Radiol. , 36, 477. Miall, W. E. (1955). Ann. rheum. Dis. , 14, 150. Osborne, G. V. (1957). 7. Bone It Surg. , 39B, 782. (1959). Postgrad. mned. 7. , 35, 392. Pallis, C. A. , and Scott, J. T. (1965). Brit. ined. 7. , 1, 1141. Schmid, F. R. , Cooper, N. S. , Ziff, M. , and McEwen, C. (1961). Amer. 7. Med., 30, 56. Sharp, J., and Purser, D. W. (1961). Ann. rheum. Dis. , 20, 47. Stuart, G. (1953). Private World of Pain, p. 20. Allen & Unwin, London. Tait, G. B. W. , Bach, F. , and Dixon, A. St. J. (1965). Ann. rheum. Dis. , 24, 273. Thompson, M. , and Leathart, G. L. (1965). Ibid., 24, 176. Turner-Warwick, M. , and Doniach, D. (1965). Brt. med. 7. , 1, 886. Vaughan-Jackson, 0. J. (1962). 7. Bone It Surg. , 44B, 764. Weintraub, A. M. , and Zvaifler, N. J. (1962). Arthr. and Rheumn. , 5, 327. Zvaifler, N. J., and Weintraub, A. M. (1963). Ibid., 6, 241.
Leih, Sunyoung and David J. Teece The Palgrave Encyclopedia of Strategic Management, 2014. Palgrave Macmillan reproduced with permission of Palgrave Macmillan' Market failures and MNEs

Anticipating complex transactional issues, which are tantamount to market failures, managers will choose to bring economic activity inside the firm. This in turn requires foreign direct investment in partially or wholly owned subsidiary companies. There are at least three types of market failures that relate to the existence and structure of multinational enterprises. The first occurs when transaction costs are high relative to the administrative costs of organizing an activity internally. A second type of market failure concerns the relative inefficiency of markets for the transfer of certain types of resources, such as knowledge and capabilities. In a third case, markets don’t exist at all until individuals exercise entrepreneurship and deploy resources to create or co-create them.
Edge Detection of Tumor FISH Cells Based on Automatic Random Walk

To overcome the difficulty caused by the overlapping of cells in the image analysis of tumor FISH cells for cancer diagnosis, a new edge detection of tumor FISH cells is proposed based on automatic random walk algorithm to separate the clustering cells. Firstly, the regions of the cell's seeds are detected by the ultra-erosion based on priori knowledge. Then, the effective pixel markers are extracted from the detected regions and treated as the object seeds in the random walk algorithm. Finally, the automatic edge detection of the tumor FISH cells is realized by using seeds to segment multiple cells in a random walk way.
Determination of Primordial Metallicity and Mixing in the Type II-P Supernova 1993W

We present the results of a large grid of synthetic spectra and compare them to early spectroscopic observations of SN 1993W. This supernova was discovered close to its explosion date and, at a recession velocity of 5400 km s-1, is located in the Hubble flow. We focus here on two early spectra that were obtained approximately 5 and 9 days after explosion. We parameterize the outer supernova envelope as a power-law density profile in homologous expansion. In order to extract information on the value of the parameters, a large number of models was required. We show that very early spectra combined with detailed models can provide constraints on the value of the power-law index, the ratio of hydrogen to helium in the surface of the progenitor, the progenitor metallicity, and the amount of radioactive nickel mixed into the outer envelope of the supernova. The spectral fits reproduce the observed spectra exceedingly well. The spectral results combined with the early photometry predict that the explosion date was 4.7 ± 0.7 days before the first spectrum was obtained. The ability to obtain the metallicity from early spectra make SNe II-P attractive probes of chemical evolution in the universe, and by showing that we have the ability to pin down the parameters of the progenitor and mixing during the supernova explosion, it is likely to make SNe II-P useful cosmological distance indicators which are at the same time complementary to SNe Ia.
On the Eeective Magnetic Properties of Magnetorheological Fluids

Magnetorheological (MR) uids represent a class of smart materials whose rheological properties change in response to the application of a magnetic eld. These uids typically consist of small (m) magnetizable particles dispersed in a non-magnetic carrier uid that generally contains additives such as surfactants and anti-wear agents 1]. Due to such additives , there is an outer non-magnetic layer on the particles that keeps them from touching. The goal of this paper is to study the eeective magnetic behavior of an MR composite as a function of the interparticle distance. To this end, we present and employ a model for the eeective magnetic properties of MR uids with periodic microstructure that is based on the theory of homogenization. Finally, we discuss an interpolating formula for the eeective permeability of MR uids as an extension of the work of Keller 3] and Doyle 4].
Predicting cerebral ischemic infarct volume with diffusion and perfusion MR imaging.

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Diffusion and perfusion MR imaging have proved useful in the assessment of acute stroke. We evaluated the utility of these techniques in detecting acute ischemic infarction and in predicting final infarct size. METHODS Diffusion and hemodynamic images were obtained in 134 patients within a mean of 12.3 hours of onset of acute ischemic stroke symptoms. We retrospectively reviewed patient radiology reports to determine the presence or absence of lesion identification on initial diffusion- (DW) and perfusion-weighted (PW) images. Radiologists were not blinded to the initial clinical assessment. For determination of sensitivity and specificity, the final discharge diagnosis was used as the criterion standard. Neurologists were not blinded to the DW or PW imaging findings. In 81 patients, acute lesions were compared with final infarct volumes. RESULTS Sensitivities of DW imaging and cerebral blood volume (CBV), cerebral blood flow (CBF), and mean transit time (MTT) perfusion parameters were 94%, 74%, 84%, and 84%, respectively. Specificities of DW imaging, CBV, CBF, and MTT were 96%, 100%, 96%, and 96%, respectively. Results were similar in 93 patients imaged within 12 hours. In 81 patients with follow-up, regression analysis yielded r(2) = 0.9, slope = 1.24 for DW imaging; r(2) = 0.84, slope = 1.22 for CBV; r(2) = 0.35, slope = 0.44 for CBF; and r(2) = 0.22, slope = 0.32 for MTT, versus follow-up volume. A DW-CBV mismatch predicted additional lesion growth, whereas DW-CBF and DW-MTT mismatches did not. Results were similar in 60 patients imaged within 12 hours. CONCLUSION Diffusion and hemodynamic images are sensitive and specific for detecting acute infarction. DW imaging and CBV best predict final infarct volume. DW-CBV mismatch predicts lesion growth into the CBV abnormality. CBF and MTT help identify additional tissue with altered perfusion but have lower correlation with final volume.
The Autophagic Machinery in Viral Exocytosis

The discovery of the molecular machinery of autophagy, namely Atg proteins, was awarded with the Nobel prize in physiology and medicine to Yoshinori Ohsumi in 2016. While this machinery was originally identified by its ability to allow cells to survive starvation via lysosomal degradation to recycle cellular components, it has recently become apparent that it also is used by cells to secrete cytoplasmic constituents. Furthermore, viruses have learned to use this Atg supported exocytosis to exit cells, acquire envelopes in the cytosol and select lipids into their surrounding membranes that might allow for increased robustness of their virions and altered infection behavior. Along these lines, picornaviruses exit infected cells in packages wrapped into autophagic membranes, herpesviruses recruit autophagic membranes into their envelopes and para- as well as orthomyxoviruses redirect autophagic membranes to the cell membrane, which increases the robustness of their envelope that they acquire at this site. These recent findings open a new exciting field on the regulation of degradation vs. release of autophagic membranes and will be discussed in this minireview.
Class transitions and two component accretion flow in GRS 1915+105

The light curve of the galactic micro-quasar GRS 1915+105 changes in at least thirteen different ways which are called classes. We present examples of the transitions from one class to another as observed by the IXAE instrument aboard the Indian Satellite IRS-P3. We find that the transitions are associated with changes in photon counts over a time-scale of only a few hours and they take place through unknown classes. Assuming that the transitions are caused by variation of the accretion rates, this implies that a significant fraction of the matter must be nearly freely falling in order to have such dramatic changes in such a short time.
Integrating Architecture-Centric Methods into Object-Oriented Analysis and Design

Summary form only given. Architecture has been established as a key to developing software systems that meet quality expectations of their stakeholders. Object-Oriented Analysis and Design (OOAD) methodologies, however, treat architecture only indirectly or implicitly. The quality of systems developed using such methodologies, thus, depends largely on the skill level and experience of its architect. It has been suggested, therefore, that augmenting these methodologies with software architecture-centric methods such as the Quality Attribute Workshop (QAW) and Attribute Driven Design (ADD) can provide explicit and methodical guidance to an architect in creating systems with desirable qualities.
An accurate analytical I-V model for sub-90-nm MOSFETs and its application to read SNM modeling

In this work, first an accurate model for I-V characteristics of sub-90-nm MOSFET in the linear and saturation regions is proposed. The model, which is intended for fast analytical calculation of the current, is based on the BSIM3v3 model. Instead of using constant Vth and VA voltages, as is assumed in the BSIM3v3 model, these voltages are defined as functions of the gate-source voltage. The accuracy of the model is verified by comparing its results with those of HSPICE for the 90, 65, 45, and 32 nm CMOS technologies. The model shows better accuracy than the n-power and BSIM3v3 models. Then, we use the proposed I-V model to calculate the read static noise margin (SNM) of nano-scale conventional 6T SRAM cells with high accuracy. The read SNM is calculated by approximating the inverter transfer voltage characteristic of the cell in the regions where vertices of the maximum square of the butterfly curves are placed. The results for the SNM are also in excellent agreement with those of the HSPICE simulation for 90, 65, 45, and 32 nm technology nodes. The validity of the model is also verified in the presence of process variations and negative bias temperature instability (NBTI). Finally, it is shown that the model can accurately predict the minimum supply voltage required for a target yield.