Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Human trafficking and police governance

Abstract Human trafficking in its various forms continues to offer significant challenges for law enforcement agencies. There is a growing body of research that addresses some of the police governance and management issues associated with the prevention and control of human trafficking and the protection of victims of this type of crime. This article reviews the literature on the implementation of effective detection, investigation, prosecution, and victim protection strategies; the need for more effective international cooperation; and, the struggle to keep up with the illusive criminal organizations and networks that often defy law enforcement tactics. It also considers some of the specific challenges that result from the frequent conflation of human trafficking enforcement with immigration control strategies. It offers a few suggestions on how these issues may be addressed from a police governance standpoint and concludes with a call for better data on human trafficking and the relative effectiveness of different law enforcement strategies.
Educational reform in Georgia: recommendations for building leadership capacity as a critical success factor for instructional change

Abstract The article presents recommendations for effective building of leadership capacity in the context of the educational reform in post-Soviet Georgia. The Government of Georgia has introduced several reforms since passing the educational reform law in 2005, among others also continuous professional development programmes to upgrade teachers’ competencies to face the evolving challenges of the modern classroom. Nevertheless, the practice of teaching has remained top-down and teacher-centred, the same as practised in the Soviet era. While teacher professional development is essential for successful educational reform implementation, this article also points to the importance of school leadership in creating the conditions in schools that support teachers’ implementation efforts. The majority of Georgian schools lack such capable leadership. The recommendation for leadership training that will support stretching the practice of leadership over multiple leaders in Georgian schools was made based on research, and on recognising the country’s systemic weaknesses in policy and practice of school leadership. While the presented recommendations are specific to Georgian context, they are also generalisable to the post-socialist countries that are facing similar policy and practice weaknesses, and could thus benefit from the application of a similar approach.
On uniquely represented data strauctures

A model for searching algorithms is developed which includes most tree-like searching structures such as lists, binary trees, AVL trees and 2, 3-trees. It is shown that no searching algorithm employing a data structure that is uniquely represented (up to isomorphism) can provide search, insert and delete functions all operating faster than c√n time for every n key tree. The c√n bound is shown to be achievable for uniquely represented data structures.
On the Integration of Ensembles of Neural Networks : Application to Seismic Signal

This paper proposes a classiication scheme based on the integration of multiple Ensembles of ANNs. It is demonstrated on a classiication problem, in which Seismic recordings of Natural Earthquakes must be distinguished from the recordings of Artiicial Explosions. A Redundant Classiication Environment consists of several Ensembles of Neural Networks is created and trained on Bootstrap Sample Sets, using various data representations and architectures. The ANNs within the Ensembles are aggregated (as in Bagging) while the Ensembles are integrated non-linearly, in a signal adaptive manner, using a posterior conndence measure based on the agreement (variance) within the Ensembles. The proposed Integrated Clas-siication Machine achieved 92.1% correct classiica-tion on the seismic test data. Cross Validation evaluations and comparisons indicate that such integration of a collection of ANN's Ensembles is a robust way for handling high dimensional problems with a complex non-stationary signal space as in the current Seismic Classiication problem.
LGM-based analyses with missing data: Comparison between ML method and Diggle-Kenward selection model

追踪研究中缺失数据十分常见。 本文通过MonteCarlo模拟研究，考察基于不同前提假设的Diggle-Kenward选择模型和ML方法对增长参数估计精度的差异，并考虑样本量、缺失比例、目标变量分布形态以及不同缺失机制的影响。 结果表明：（1）缺失机制对基于MAR的ML方法有较大的影响，在MNAR缺失机制下，基于MAR的ML方法对LGM模型中截距均值和斜率均值的估计不具有稳健性。 （2）Diggle-Kenward选择模型更容易受到目标变量分布偏态程度的影响，样本量与偏态程度存在交互作用，样本量较大时，偏态程度的影响会减弱。 而ML方法仅在MNAR机制下轻微受到偏态程度的影响。
Characteristics of Intact and Ruptured Atherosclerotic Plaques in Brachiocephalic Arteries of Apolipoprotein E Knockout Mice

The brachiocephalic arteries of fat-fed apolipoprotein E knockout mice develop plaques that frequently rupture and form luminal thromboses. The morphological characteristics of plaques without evidence of instability or with healed previous ruptures (intact) and vessels with acutely ruptured plaques (ruptured) have now been defined, to understand the process of plaque destabilization in more detail. Ninety-eight apolipoprotein E knockout mice were fed a diet supplemented with 21% lard and 0.15% cholesterol, for 5 to 59 weeks. Of these 98 mice, 51 had an acutely ruptured plaque in the brachiocephalic artery. Ruptured and intact plaques differed in terms of plaque cross-sectional area (intact, 0.109±0.016 mm2; ruptured, 0.192±0.009 mm2;P =0.0005), luminal occlusion (intact, 35.3±3.3%; ruptured, 57.7±1.9%;P <0.0001), the number of buried caps within the lesion (intact, 1.06±0.12; ruptured, 2.66±0.16;P <0.0001), fibrous cap thickness (intact, 4.7±0.6 &mgr;m; ruptured, 2.0±0.3 &mgr;m;P =0.0004), and lipid fractional volume (intact, 35.9±3.0%; ruptured, 50.7±2.2%;P =0.0019). This study confirms that plaque rupture is a frequent occurrence in the brachiocephalic arteries of apolipoprotein E knockout mice on a high-fat diet. The data also show that ruptured plaques in these mice show many of the characteristics of vulnerable plaques in humans. This supports the use of this model in studies of the mechanisms and therapy of plaque rupture.
Artificial Fish School Algorithm for Function Optimization

Function optimization is always being one of the important problems of scientific field. Over the past a few decades, many artificial intelligent optimizing algorithms have been invented, such as genetic algorithm (GA)、ant colony optimization (ACO)、particle swarm optimization (PSO), and so on. Artificial fish school algorithm (AFSA) is a novel optimizing method. In this paper, AFSA was applied to function optimization and was compared with the above three methods. Experimental simulations show that the AFSA can find the global optimum more accurately.
Inversions and Longest Increasing Subsequence for $k$-Card-Minimum Random Permutations

A random $n$-permutation may be generated by sequentially removing random cards $C_1,. ,C_n$ from an $n$-card deck $D = \{1,. ,n\}$. The permutation $\sigma$ is simply the sequence of cards in the order they are removed. This permutation is itself uniformly random, as long as each random card $C_t$ is drawn uniformly from the remaining set at time $t$. We consider, here, a variant of this simple procedure in which one is given a choice between $k$ random cards from the remaining set at each step, and selects the lowest numbered of these for removal. This induces a bias towards selecting lower numbered of the remaining cards at each step, and therefore leads to a final permutation which is more "ordered" than in the uniform case (i.e. closer to the identity permutation id $=(1,2,3,.,n)$). We quantify this effect in terms of two natural measures of order: The number of inversions $I$ and the length of the longest increasing subsequence $L$. For inversions, we establish a weak law of large numbers and central limit theorem, both for fixed and growing $k$. For the longest increasing subsequence, we establish the rate of scaling, in general, and existence of a weak law in the case of growing $k$. We also show that the minimum strategy, of selecting the minimum of the $k$ given choices at each step, is optimal for minimizing the number of inversions in the space of all online $k$-card selection rules.
Segmentation, Content Extraction and Visualization of Broadcast News Video using Multistream Analysis

This paper reports the development of a broadcast news video corpora and novel techniques to automatically segment stories, extract proper names, and visualize associated metadata. We report story segmentation and proper name extraction results using an information retrieval inspired evaluation methodology, measuring the precision and recall performance of our techniques. We briefly describe our implementation of a Broadcast News Analysis (BNA ’~) system and an associated viewer, Broadcast News Navigator (BNNTM). We point to current efforts toward more robust processing using multistream analysis on imagery, audio, and closed-caption streams and future efforts in automatic video summarization and user-tailored presentation generation.
Sorbitol pathway in the ciliary body in relation to accumulation of amino acids in the aqueous humor of alloxan-diabetic rabbits.

The activity of the enzymes, aldose reductase and polyol dehydrogenase, associated with sorbitol pathway were determined in the rabbit ciliary body and compared with the activity of these enzymes in the lens and the retina, a tissue which has the same embryologic origin as the ciliary body. Despite the presence of the two enzymes, no sorbitol could be detected in the ciliary body of diabetic rabbits. These results suggest that the accumulation of sorbitol in the ciliary body and presumably in the ciliary epithelial cells, which are responsible for transport, is not a contributory factor in the reduction of amino acid levels observed previously in the aqueous humor of these animals. The reasons why sorbitol does not accumulate in the ciliary body of diabetic rabbits despite the presence of the necessary enzyme systems are discussed.
A generalized higher order finite-difference time-domain method and its application in guided-wave problems

In this paper, a (2M,4) scheme of the finite-difference time-domain (FDTD) method is proposed, in which the time differential is of the fourth order and the spatial differential using the discrete singular convolution is of order 2M. Compared with the standard FDTD and the scheme of (4, 4), the scheme of (2M, 4) has much higher accuracy. By choosing a suitable M/spl ges/2, the (2M, 4) scheme can arrive at the highest accuracy. In addition, an improved approximation of the symplectic integrator propagator is presented for the time differential. On the one hand, it can directly simulate unlimited conducting structures without the air layer between the perfectly matched layer and inner structure; on the other hand, it needs only a quarter of the memory space required by the Runge-Kutta time scheme and requires one third of the meshes in every direction of the standard FDTD method. By choosing suitable meshes and bandwidth M, our scheme not only retains higher accuracy but also saves memory space and CPU time. Numerical examples are provided to show the high accuracy and effectiveness of the proposed scheme.
Memory management for many-core processors with software configurable locality policies

As processors evolve towards higher core counts, architects will develop more sophisticated memory systems to satisfy the cores' increasing thirst for memory bandwidth. Early many-core processor designs suggest that future memory systems will likely include multiple controllers and distributed cache coherence protocols. Many-core processors that expose memory locality policies to the software system provide opportunities for automatic tuning that can achieve significant performance benefits. Managed languages typically provide a simple heap abstraction. This paper presents techniques that bridge the gap between the simple heap abstraction of modern languages and the complicated memory systems of future processors. We present a NUMA-aware approach to garbage collection that balances the competing concerns of data locality and heap utilization to improve performance. We combine a lightweight approach for measuring an application's memory behavior with an online, adaptive algorithm for tuning the cache to optimize it for the specific application's behaviors. We have implemented our garbage collector and cache tuning algorithm and present results on a 64-core TILEPro64 processor.
A Study on Application of Biogas as fuel in Compression Ignition Engines

Biogas derived from organic wastes is considered as good alternative to petroleum fuels. It can be used in compression ignition (CI) engines, because of its better mixing ability with air and clean burning nature. Biogas is produced by anaerobic digestion of various organic substances such as kitchen wastes, agricultural wastes, municipal solid wastes, cow dung etc., in absence of oxygen, which offers low cost and low emissions than any other secondary fuels. It can be a supplemented to liquefied petroleum gas (LPG) and compressed natural gas (CNG), if it is used in compressed form in cylinders. This study reviews the current status and perspectives of biogas production, its’ up gradation through purification & storage methods and its engine applications. Here through detailed literature review, the combustion characteristics of biogas in compression ignition engines are investigated. Key wordsAnaerobic digestion, Biogas, Dual fuel, HCCI, I.C engine, C.I engine.
Single-Compound Complementary Split-Ring Resonator for Simultaneously Measuring the Permittivity and Thickness of Dual-Layer Dielectric Materials

This paper presents the design and analysis of a single-compound complementary split-ring resonator (SC-CSRR) that induces two resonance frequencies for simultaneously measuring the thickness and permittivity of dual-layer dielectric structures. Two resonance frequencies were generated using two distinct embedded resonator current lengths in a single complementary split-ring resonator. These two resonance frequency responses were combined to determine the thickness and permittivity of a dual-layer dielectric sample. Methods proposed in this paper were used to analyze the equivalent permittivity relationship, and thus, determine the thickness and permittivity of the material under test. The proposed simple low-cost SC-CSRR measurement method for assessing the permittivity of materials in a compact area was experimentally analyzed and verified in experiments. The experimental results indicated that the average thickness and permittivity measurement errors were 6.26% and 4.63%, respectively, for single-layer samples, and 5.26% and 6.48%, respectively, for dual-layer samples.
Ischemic Stroke and Septic Shock After Subacute Endocarditis Caused by Haemophilus parainfluenzae: Case Report

Haemophilus parainfluenzae, which belongs to the HACEK (Haemophilus ssp, Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans, Cardiobacterium hominis, Eikenella corrodens, and Kingella kingae) group, is a rare cause of subacute endocarditis and may lead to ischemic stroke. A 65-year-old female patient previously diagnosed with rheumatic valve disease was submitted to surgical mitral valve repair in 1996. Physical examination did not reveal any murmurs; physical examination of the lungs and abdomen was normal. The patient was admitted to hospital with progressive dyspnea, dry cough, and fever. Transesophageal echocardiogram revealed an approximately 8-mm filamentous image with chaotic motion in the ventricular face of the anterior mitral valve leaflet compatible with vegetation. Treatment with ceftriaxone and gentamicin was initiated. Haemophilus parainfluenzae grew in five blood culture samples. Along the hospital stay, the patient’s level of consciousness decreased, and she was diagnosed with ischemic stroke of cardioembolic etiology. The patient developed septic shock refractory to the prescribed treatment and died 12 days after admission. Even though the patient started being treated for endocarditis before the infectious agent was identified, the prompt use of antimicrobials hindered the growth of Haemophilus parainfluenzae and made its isolation difficult.
Exemelification of parliamentary debates

Parliamentary debates are an interesting domain to apply state-of-the-art information retrieval technology. Parliamentary debates are highly structured transcripts of meetings of politicians in parliament. These debates are an important part of the cultural heritage of countries; they are often free of copy-right; citizens often have a legal right to inspect them; and several countries make great effort to digitize their entire historical collection and open that up to the general public. This provides many opportunities for the IR community. In this paper we analyze the structure of the parliamentary proceedings and sketch a widely applicable DTD. We show how proceedings in PDF format can be transformed into deeply nested XML. We call this process "exemelification". Having the proceedings in XML makes a wide range of applications possible. We elaborate on four of these: entry point retrieval, advanced content and structure search; automatic creation of tables of contents and hyperlinked navigation menus; large savings on storage space and bandwidth for scanned documents.
A software for aging faces applied to ancient marble busts

The study and development of software able to show the effect of aging of faces is one of the tasks of face recognition technologies. Some software solutions are used for investigations, some others to show the effects of drugs on healthy appearance, however some other applications can be proposed for the analysis of visual arts. Here we use a freely available software, which is providing interesting results, for the comparison of ancient marble busts. An analysis of Augustus busts is proposed.
Maximum a posteriori eigenvoice speaker adaptation for Korean connected digit recognition

In this paper, we present a maximum a posteriori (MAP) eigenvoice speaker adaptation approach to the self-adaptation system. The proposed MAP eigenvoice is developed by introducing a probability density model for the eigenvoice coefficients. And we make a self-adaptation system which is useful to public user, because user does not need to speak several sentences for adaptation. In self-adaptation system we use only one utterance that will be recognized, so we use eigenvoice adaptation with MAP criterion that is most robust adaptation algorithm for very small adaptation data. In a series of self-adaptation experiments on the Korean connected digit recognition task, we demonstrate that the proposed approach achieves a good performance for a very small amount of adaptation data.
Ginzburg-Weinstein via Gelfand-Zeitlin

Let U(n) be the unitary group, and u(n)* the dual of its Lie al- gebra, equipped with the Kirillov Poisson structure. In their 1983 paper, Guillemin-Sternberg introduced a densely defined Hamil- tonian action of a torus of dimension (n−1)n/2 on u(n)*, with mo- ment map given by the Gelfand-Zeitlin coordinates. A few years later, Flaschka-Ratiu described a similar, ‘multiplicative' Gelfand- Zeitlin system for the Poisson Lie group U(n)*. By the Ginzburg-Weinstein theorem, U(n)* is isomorphic to u(n)* as a Poisson manifold. Flaschka-Ratiu conjectured that one can choose the Ginzburg-Weinstein diffeomorphism in such a way that it intertwines the linear and nonlinear Gelfand-Zeitlin systems. Our main result gives a proof of this conjecture, and produces a canonical Ginzburg-Weinstein diffeomorphism.
Plasma Levels of Dimethylarginines in Preterm Very Low Birth Weight Neonates: Its Relation with Perinatal Factors and Short-Term Outcome

Endogenously produced inhibitors of nitric oxide (NO) synthase, in particular asymmetric dimethylarginine (ADMA), are currently considered of importance in various disease states characterized by reduced NO availability. We investigated the association between plasma levels of ADMA, symmetric dimethylarginine (SDMA), l-arginine, and citrulline and perinatal factors and outcome in 130 preterm (gestational age ≤30 weeks) very low birth weight (VLBW, <1500 g) infants. Plasma samples were collected 6–12 h after birth. We did not find significant correlations between ADMA, SDMA, l-arginine, and citrulline levels and gestational age or birth weight. However, the arginine:ADMA ratio (AAR, a better indicator of NO availability than either arginine or ADMA separately) was positively correlated with gestational age. ADMA and arginine levels were not significantly different between males and females but males showed a negative correlation between ADMA levels and gestational age. Perinatal factors such as preeclampsia, chrorioamnionitis, prolonged rupture of membranes, or form of delivery did not significantly alter dimethylarginine levels or AAR. In contrast, the AAR was significantly reduced in the infants with respiratory distress, mechanical ventilation, and systemic hypotension Therefore, our data suggest that altered NO availability may play a role in the respiratory and cardiovascular adaptation in preterm VLBW infants.
RoboCup-2001: The Fifth Robotic Soccer World Championships

RoboCup-2001 was the Fifth International RoboCup Competition and Conference. It was held for the first time in the United States, following RoboCup-2000 in Melbourne, Australia; RoboCup-99 in Stockholm; RoboCup-98 in Paris; and RoboCup-97 in Osaka. This article discusses in detail each one of the events at RoboCup-2001, focusing on the competition leagues.
The SNAC1-targeted gene OsSRO1c modulates stomatal closure and oxidative stress tolerance by regulating hydrogen peroxide in rice

Abiotic stresses such as drought cause a reduction of plant growth and loss of crop yield. Stomatal aperture controls CO2 uptake and water loss to the atmosphere, thus playing important roles in both the yield gain and drought tolerance of crops. Here, a rice homologue of SRO (similar to RCD one), termed OsSRO1c, was identified as a direct target gene of SNAC1 (stress-responsive NAC 1) involved in the regulation of stomatal aperture and oxidative response. SNAC1 could bind to the promoter of OsSRO1c and activate the expression of OsSRO1c. OsSRO1c was induced in guard cells by drought stress. The loss-of-function mutant of OsSRO1c showed increased stomatal aperture and sensitivity to drought, and faster water loss compared with the wild-type plant, whereas OsSRO1c overexpression led to decreased stomatal aperture and reduced water loss. Interestingly, OsSRO1c-overexpressing rice showed increased sensitivity to oxidative stress. Expression of DST, a reported zinc finger gene negatively regulating H2O2-induced stomatal closure, and the activity of H2O2-scavenging related enzymes were significantly suppressed, and H2O2 in guard cells was accumulated in the overexpression lines. OsSRO1c interacted with various stress-related regulatory and functional proteins, and some of the OsSRO1c-interacting proteins are predicted to be involved in the control of stomatal aperture and oxidative stress tolerance. The results suggest that OsSRO1c has dual roles in drought and oxidative stress tolerance of rice by promoting stomatal closure and H2O2 accumulation through a novel pathway involving regulators SNAC1 and DST.
Application of Hybrid Agents to Smart Energy Management of a Prosumer Node

We outline a solution to the problem of intelligent control of energy consumption of a smart building system by a prosumer planning agent that acts on the base of the knowledge of the system state and of a prediction of future states. Predictions are obtained by using a synthetic model of the system as obtained with a machine learning approach. We present case studies simulations implementing different instantiations of agents that control an air conditioner according to temperature set points dynamically chosen by the user. The agents are able of energy saving while trying to keep indoor temperature within a given comfort interval.