Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Mesure de l'érosion post-éruptive autour des cratères de maars en inversion de relief dans le Massif central français / Post-eruptive erosion measurement around the inverted maar craters in the French Massif Central

Resume Les crateres des maars mis en inversion de relief constituent des reperes morphostratigraphiques et paleogeographiques utiles pour mesurer l'erosion a long terme. En reconstituant la morphometrie originelle du cratere, il est possible de calculer l'altitude de la paleotopographie pre-eruptive sur laquelle s'est forme le maar. Pour cela, les caracteristiques morphometriques initiales d'un cratere de maar ont d'abord ete determinees d'apres l'analyse morphostructurale de treize edifices quaternaires bien conserves. Les parametres utilises sont le diametre et la profondeur du cratere, l'angle moyen des parois de ce dernier et du diatreme sous-jacent, ainsi que la profondeur de l'excavation du cratere dans le substrat. A partir des mesures de l'altitude de la base du remplissage volcanique et/ou sedimentaire qui fossilise le fond du cratere, d'une part, et du diametre et de l'altitude des breches de diatreme sous-jacentes, d'autre part, le diametre initial du cratere et l'altitude de la paleotopographie pre-eruptive ont ete calcules. L'epaisseur de substrat erode autour du cratere a ensuite ete estimee en retranchant l'altitude actuelle du niveau topographique atteint par l'erosion de celle de la paleotopographie pre- eruptive. Cette nouvelle methode de calcul a ete appliquee a dix-neuf maars neogenes et quaternaires du Massif central francais, en supposant qu'ils possedaient des geometries comparables a celles des appareils quaternaires bien conserves. L'erosion post-eruptive autour des maars etudies se situe entre 100 et 500 m et s'est effectuee selon des taux moyens variant de moins de 10 m.Ma1 a plus de 100 m.Ma-'.
Long-term trends of the black carbon concentrations in the Canadian Arctic

[1] During the winter and spring the North American Arctic is impacted by anthropogenic black carbon (BC) in “Arctic Haze” pollution from sources mainly located in Europe and Russia. This black carbon, while suspended in the atmosphere and in surface snow, has a significant effect on radiative forcing of the Arctic atmosphere. Routine ground-level observations of aerosol black carbon by optical absorption have been made at a Canadian Arctic location, Alert (82.5°N, 62.5°W), Nunavut since 1989. A 3-year intensive study was conducted to compare BC obtained by the thermal analysis and optical absorption methods, so that the seasonal variations in the “operational” absorption cross sections of the aerosol could be determined. A time series analysis indicated that black carbon concentrations undergo a strong seasonal variation superimposed upon a long-term trend. The latter shows a decrease of about 55% in BC concentrations between 1989 and 2002 at Alert. Factors responsible for these trends such as changes in emissions and atmospheric transport support the hypothesis that BC emissions from the former USSR are mostly responsible for the observed decreasing trend. Transport from other sectors such as North America and Europe are not as prevalent at Alert.
EVOLUTION OF THE COSMOLOGICAL MASS FUNCTION IN A MOVING BARRIER MODEL

We calculate the mass function evolution in a ΛCDM model by means of the excursion set model and an improved version of the barrier shape obtained in Del Popolo and Gambera [Astron. Astrophys.337, 96 (1998)], which implicitly takes account of total angular momentum acquired by the protostructure during evolution and of a nonzero cosmological constant. We compare the result with Reed et al. [Mon. Not. R. Astron. Soc.346, 565 (2003)], who used a high-resolution ΛCDM numerical simulation to calculate the mass function of dark matter haloes down to the scale of dwarf galaxies, back to a redshift of 15. We show that the mass function obtained in the present paper gives similar predictions to the Sheth and Tormen mass function, but it does not show the overprediction of extremely rare objects shown by the Sheth and Tormen mass function. The results confirm previous findings that the simulated halo mass function can be described solely by the variance of the mass distribution, and thus has no explicit redshift dependence.
Enhancing wireless information and power transfer by exploiting multi-antenna techniques

This article reviews an emerging wireless information and power transfer (WIPT) technique with an emphasis on its performance enhancement employing multi-antenna techniques. Compared to traditional wireless information transmission, WIPT faces numerous challenges. First, it is more susceptible to channel fading and path loss, resulting in a much shorter power transfer distance. Second, it gives rise to the issue of how to balance spectral efficiency for information transmission and energy efficiency for power transfer in order to obtain an optimal tradeoff. Third, there exists a security issue for information transmission in order to improve power transfer efficiency. In this context, multi-antenna techniques, e.g. energy beamforming, are introduced to solve these problems by exploiting spatial degree of freedom. This article provides a tutorial on various aspects of multi-antenna based WIPT techniques, with a focus on tackling the challenges by parameter optimization and protocol design. In particular, we investigate the WIPT tradeoffs based on two typical multi-antenna techniques: the limited feedback multi-antenna technique for short-distance transfer; and the large-scale multiple-input multiple-output (LS-MIMO, also known as massive MIMO) technique for long-distance transfer. Finally, simulation results validate the effectiveness of the proposed schemes.
A subsurface pathway for low potential vorticity transport from the central North Pacific toward Taiwan Island

Analysis of the Simple Ocean Data Assimilation product reveals that the central North Pacific (28°N–35°N, 150°E–170°W) is one of the main formation regions for low potential vorticity water of density between 25. 4σθ and 25. 8σθ. It is found that the low potential vorticity water is transported from the central North Pacific toward the east of Taiwan Island along a subsurface pathway following the subtropical gyre circulation, and it takes approximately 12 years. Propagation of pycnocline thickness anomalies is detected along the pathway, in association with the decadal variability of the subduction rate.
Compressional‐ and shear‐wave velocities as a function of confining stress in dry sandstones

A laboratory study was carried out to investigate the influence of confining stress on compressional‐ and shear‐wave velocities for a set of rock samples from gas‐producing sandstone reservoirs in the Cooper Basin, South Australia. The suite of samples consists of 22 consolidated sublitharenites with helium porosity ranging from 2.6% to 16.6%. We used a pulse‐echo technique to measure compressional‐ and shear‐wave velocities on dry samples (cylindrical 4.6 × 2 cm) at room temperature and at elevated confining stress (≤ 60 MPa). Compressional‐ and shear‐wave velocities in samples increase non‐linearly with confining stress. A regression equation of the form V = A − Be−DP gives a good fit to the measured velocities with improved prediction of velocities at high confining stresses compared with equations suggested by other studies. The predicted microcrack‐closure stresses of the samples show values ranging from 70 MPa to 95 MPa and insignificant correlation with porosity, permeability or clay content. There is a positive correlation between change in velocity with core porosity and permeability, but this association is weak and diminishes with increasing confining stress. Experimental results show that pore geometry, grain‐contact type, and distribution and location of clay particles may be more significant than total porosity and clay content in describing the stress sensitivity of sandstones at in situ reservoir effective stress. The stress dependence of Cooper Basin sandstones is very large compared with data from other studies. The implication of our study for hydrocarbon exploration is that where the in situ reservoir effective stress is much less than the microcrack‐closure stress of the reservoir rocks, the variation of reservoir effective stress could cause significant changes in velocity of the reservoir rocks. The velocity changes induced by effective stress in highly stress‐sensitive rocks can be detected at sonic‐log and probably surface‐seismic frequencies.
Honoring Choices Minnesota: Preliminary Data from a Community-Wide Advance Care Planning Model

Advance care planning (ACP) increases the likelihood that individuals who are dying receive the care that they prefer. It also reduces depression and anxiety in family members and increases family satisfaction with the process of care. Honoring Choices Minnesota is an ACP program based on the Respecting Choices model of La Crosse, Wisconsin. The objective of this report is to describe the process, which began in 2008, of implementing Honoring Choices Minnesota in a large, diverse metropolitan area. All eight large healthcare systems in the metropolitan area agreed to participate in the project, and as of April 30, 2013, the proportion of hospitalized individuals 65 and older with advance care directives in the electronic medical record was 12.1% to 65.6%. The proportion of outpatients aged 65 and older was 11.6% to 31.7%. Organizations that had sponsored recruitment initiatives had the highest proportions of records containing healthcare directives. It was concluded that it is possible to reduce redundancy by recruiting all healthcare systems in a metropolitan area to endorse the same ACP model, although significantly increasing the proportion of individuals with a healthcare directive in their medical record requires a campaign with recruitment of organizations and individuals.
Recurrent Obstetric Management Mistakes Identified by Simulation

OBJECTIVE: To develop a simulation-based curricular unit for labor and delivery teams involved in obstetric emergencies to detect and address common mistakes. METHODS: A simulation-based curricular unit for hands-on training of four obstetric emergency scenarios was developed using high-tech mannequins and low-tech simulators. The scenarios were eclamptic seizure, postpartum hemorrhage, shoulder dystocia, and breech extraction. The obstetric teams consisted of at least one resident and two midwives. Checklists of actions expected from the teams were handed out to the course's tutors who observed the “event. ” All sessions were videotaped and then reviewed and analyzed by the trainees themselves, who were guided by two experienced tutors. We identified the most commonly occurring mistakes by summing up checklists and by watching the recorded sessions. RESULTS: Between February 2004 and April 2006, 60 residents in obstetrics and gynecology and 88 midwives underwent the simulation-based course. Forty-two labor and delivery teams completed all four sessions. The most common management errors were delay in transporting the bleeding patient to the operating room (82%), unfamiliarity with prostaglandin administration to reverse uterine atony (82%), poor cardiopulmonary resuscitation techniques (80%), inadequate documentation of shoulder dystocia (80%), delayed administration of blood products to reverse consumption coagulopathy (66%), and inappropriate avoidance of episiotomy in shoulder dystocia and breech extraction (32%). Eighteen trainees were invited for repeated sessions at least 6 months after the first training day, and their scores were significantly higher in the latter sessions (79.4±4.3 versus 70±5.3 for the second and first simulated eclampsia sessions). CONCLUSION: A curricular unit based on simulation of obstetric emergencies can identify pitfalls of management in labor and delivery rooms that need to be addressed. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: III
Forearc response to subduction of the Cocos Ridge, Panama-Costa Rica

Stratigraphic, paleontologic, and structural data from two Panama-Costa Rica forearc peninsulas located landward of the aseismic Cocos Ridge along the southernmost Middle America Trench document rapid Pliocene subsidence and basin infilling followed by Quaternary deformation and uplift. On the Burica Peninsula, an approximately 3,000-m-thick, Pliocene-Pleistocene clastic sedimentary sequence, characterized by fine-grained turbidite deposits and volumetrically minor coarser-grained channel-fill, slump, and debris-flow deposits, bears depth-diagnostic foraminifera that document rapid Pliocene subsidence and deposition on a south-dipping paleoslope. New paleobathymetric and age estimates from foraminifera in these rocks indicate shallowing of depositional paleodepths from 2,000+ to 1,200 m during the late Pliocene. Present-day exposure of these rocks indicates an average Quaternary uplift rate of ∼1 mm/yr. The turbidite section on the Burica Peninsula is interpreted to represent a trench-slope deposit and is correlated to a similar, marine sedimentary section on the adjacent Osa Peninsula of Costa Rica. Structures developed within Pliocene-Pleistocene strata of the outer-forearc Burica and Osa Peninsulas record minor (<5%) subhorizontal, margin-perpendicular shortening and margin-perpendicular extension. Bedding orientations on the Osa and Burica Peninsulas generally record arcward tilting by 10°-30° of these outer-forearc blocks. On the Burica Peninsula, the Medial fault zone, a north-striking, high-angle, right-lateral strike-slip (? ) fault, has truncated and reoriented the Pliocene-Pleistocene sedimentary sequence by fault-bend (forced) folding. A linear, margin-parallel fault, herein named the "Ballena-Celmira fault zone," bounds the arcward side of the Osa and Burica Peninsulas and has accommodated vertical displacements between the outer forearc (Burica-Osa area) and inner forearc (Terraba area) throughout the Tertiary. Structural and seismicity observations from the forearc region suggest that Neogene deformation of the leading edge of the arc in this area reflects the effects of isostatic uplift, and possibly increased interplate shear stresses, as a result of subduction of the Cocos Ridge beneath this part of the arc since 1 m.y. ago.
Structured Stochastic Linear Bandits

The stochastic linear bandit problem proceeds in rounds where at each round the algorithm selects a vector from a decision set after which it receives a noisy linear loss parameterized by an unknown vector. The goal in such a problem is to minimize the (pseudo) regret which is the difference between the total expected loss of the algorithm and the total expected loss of the best fixed vector in hindsight. In this paper, we consider settings where the unknown parameter has structure, e.g., sparse, group sparse, low-rank, which can be captured by a norm, e.g., $L_1$, $L_{(1,2)}$, nuclear norm. We focus on constructing confidence ellipsoids which contain the unknown parameter across all rounds with high-probability. We show the radius of such ellipsoids depend on the Gaussian width of sets associated with the norm capturing the structure. Such characterization leads to tighter confidence ellipsoids and, therefore, sharper regret bounds compared to bounds in the existing literature which are based on the ambient dimensionality.
Exponential longitudinal profiles of streams

A theoretical model is presented which shows that streams with low solids concentrations and low lateral inflows, whose bed load sediments undergo either comminution or hydraulic sorting under steady or quasi-steady conditions, have exponential profiles. Similar streams in which both communition and sorting are significant have exponential profiles only if they are short Sediment threshold and flow depth estimates based on the theoretical model are consistent with field and laboratory data from the literature. A comparison of the model and communition and sorting data from the literature strongly suggests that hydraulic sorting and comminution dominate in short and long natural streams, respectively. No examples of natural streams of intermediate length with exponential longitudinal profiles were found, suggesting that neither sorting nor comminution is dominant in such streams. © 1997 by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd
Tri1 in Fusarium graminearum Encodes a P450 Oxygenase

ABSTRACT Gibberella zeae (asexual state Fusarium graminearum) is a major causal agent of wheat head blight and maize ear rot in North America and is responsible for contamination of grain with deoxynivalenol and related trichothecene mycotoxins. To identify additional trichothecene biosynthetic genes, cDNA libraries were prepared from fungal cultures under trichothecene-inducing conditions in culture and in planta. A gene designated LH1 that was highly expressed under these conditions exhibited only moderate (59%) similarity to known trichothecene biosynthetic cytochrome P450s. To determine the function of LH1, gene disruptants were produced and assessed for trichothecene production. Gene disruptants no longer produced 15-acetyldeoxynivalenol, which is oxygenated at carbon 7 (C-7) and C-8, but rather accumulated calonectrin and 3-deacetylcalonectrin, which are not oxygenated at either C-7 or C-8. These results indicate that gene LH1 encodes a cytochrome P450 responsible for oxygenation at one or both of these positions. Despite the relatively low level of DNA and amino acid sequence similarity between the two genes, LH1 from G. zeae is the probable homologue of Tri1, which encodes a cytochrome P450 required for C-8 oxygenation in F. sporotrichioides.
Link Relation Analysis in Digital Image Space for Mobile Retrieval

In this paper, we present a method of link relation analysis and build the link relation graph in digital image space based on the similarity of multidimensional photo contexts. One image can be linked to the other relevant images based on the similarity of the contexts associated with the image. By building the link relation graph, we can introduce the traditional link and analysis method of web information retrieval into user digital image collection. In addition, we can use graph theory to mine the relation of multidimensional photo contexts for easy, searchable and manageable photo album based on the link relation graph.
Fluid flow and seismicity pattern: Evidence from the 1997 Umbria‐Marche (central Italy) seismic sequence

We model the spatial and temporal evolution of seismicity during the 1997 Umbria‐Marche seismic sequence in terms of subsequent failures promoted by fluid flow. The diffusion process of pore‐pressure relaxation is represented as a pressure perturbation generated by coseismic stress changes and propagating through a fluid saturated medium. The values of isotropic diffusivity range between 22 and 90 m2/s. The calculated value of anisotropic diffusivity (Daniso = 250 m2/s) is largest along the average strike (N140°) direction of activated faults. Our results suggest that the observed spatio‐temporal migration of seismicity is consistent with fluid flow.
View‐responsive neurons in the primate hippocampal complex

Recordings were made from single neurons in the hippocampus and parahippocampal gyrus while macaques were moved on a platform mounted on a free‐moving robot or on wheels in a cue‐controlled 2 m × 2 m × 2 m environment, in order to investigate the representation of space and of spatial memory in the primate hippocampus. The test conditions allowed factors that might account for spatial firing of the cells, including the spatial location where the monkey looked, the place were the monkey was, and the head direction of the monkey, to be identified. The responses of some (“view”) neurons depended on where the monkey was looking in the enviornment, but not on the place of the monkey in the environment. The responses of one other neuron depended on a combination of where the monkey was facing and his place in the test chamber. The response of view‐dependent neurons was affected by occlusion of the visual field. It was possible to show for one neuron that its “view” response rotated with rotation of the test chamber. Some neurons responded to a combination of whole‐body motion and view or place, and one neuron responded in relation to whole‐body movement to a particular place. One neuron responded depending on the place where the monkey was in the environment and relatively independently of view.
Proinflammatory Events and HLA Antibodies: Nothing to Sneeze At

In this issue of AJT, Locke et al. (1) report that proinflammatory events, ranging from bacterial infections to myocardial infarctions, are associated with an increase in the breadth and strength of HLA antibodies among patients previously sensitized to HLA antigens. While suspected for years, descriptions of this relationship were all anecdotal. As the first report to assess the data scientifically, Locke et al. have presented reasonable evidence to conclude that the suspicions were true. The question now is what to do with this information.
Assessment of Biocompatibility of Chronically Implanted Polyimide and Platinum Intrafascicular Electrodes

Longitudinal intrafascicular electrodes (LIFEs) are electrodes designed to be placed inside the peripheral nerve to improve stimulation selectivity and to increase the recording signal-to-noise ratio. We evaluated the functional and morphological effects of either Pt wire LIFEs or polyimide-based thin-film LIFEs implanted in the rat sciatic nerve for 3 mo. The newly designed thin-film LIFEs are more flexible, can be micromachined and allow placement of more active electrode sites than conventional Pt LIFEs. Functional results at 1 mo indicated an initial decline in the nerve conduction velocity and in the amplitude of muscle responses, which recovered during the following 2 mo towards normal values. Morphological results showed that both types of LIFEs induced a mild scar response and a focal but chronic inflammatory reaction, which were limited to a small area around the electrode placed in the nerve. Both types of LIFEs can be considered biocompatible and cause reversible, minimal nerve damage
Combined endovascular treatment of dissecting vertebral artery aneurysms by using stents and coils.

OBJECT With the recent development and refinement of endovascular stents, the significant potential for these devices in the treatment of wide-necked dissecting and fusiform aneurysms has become apparent. In this article the authors report on the use of stents and coils to treat dissecting and fusiform vertebral artery (VA) aneurysms. METHODS Eight consecutive patients harboring eight dissecting aneurysms and one fusiform aneurysm of the VA were succesfully treated using a procedure in which the authors inserted an intravascular stent and secondary endosaccular coils when needed. In all but one patient complete aneurysm occlusion was achieved, and in all cases there was no neurological complication. Follow-up angiography examinations were performed in all patients (mean duration of follow-up angiography review 13.1 months, range 3-42 months). The patients remained stable throughout the clinical follow-up period (mean 14.1 months, range 4-42 months). No rebleeding was recorded. CONCLUSIONS At present this combined approach represents a reliable and safe alternative for the treatment of VA dissecting aneurysms, especially in patients who cannot tolerate occlusion tests.
Sea Breezes in South Africa

Abstract This paper discusses sea-breezes on the coast of South Africa giving first a description of the form they take on the west coast and on the east coast and an explanation of the fact that they usually blow at a small angle to the coastline. Then follows a comparison of sea-breezes with those in the British Isles and some other countries. It is shown that the normal depth of sea-breezes is between 1,500 and 2,000 feet and that the stability of the air mass has an important influence on their development.