Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
5G Network Slicing Management for Challenged Network Scenarios

1 5G “CHALLENGED NETWORK” SCENARIOS / 5G NETWORK SLICING The 5th generation of mobile networks (5G,[1,2,3]) differs significantly from prior generations in that the service types of “critical Machine Type Communication” (cMTC) and “massive Machine Type Communication” (mMTC) are regarded as key drivers (in addition to providing mobile broadband access). This leads to challenging requirements in terms of network scale (number and distribution of connected devices as well as network elements/functions), low latency (<10 ms e2e latency) and high resilience, in addition to the general, ever-increasing need for virtually “ubiquitous” coverage and virtually “unlimited” capacity. 
The enhanced tool‐kit of two groups of wild bearded capuchin monkeys in the Caatinga: tool making, associative use, and secondary tools

The use of stones to crack open encapsulated fruit is widespread among wild bearded capuchin monkeys (Cebus libidinosus) inhabiting savanna‐like environments. Some populations in Serra da Capivara National Park (Piauí, Brazil), though, exhibit a seemingly broader toolkit, using wooden sticks as probes, and employing stone tools for a variety of purposes. Over the course of 701.5 hr of visual contact of two wild capuchin groups we recorded 677 tool use episodes. Five hundred and seventeen of these involved the use of stones, and 160 involved the use of sticks (or other plant parts) as probes to access water, arthropods, or the contents of insects' nests. Stones were mostly used as “hammers”—not only to open fruit or seeds, or smash other food items, but also to break dead wood, conglomerate rock, or cement in search of arthropods, to dislodge bigger stones, and to pulverize embedded quartz pebbles (licking, sniffing, or rubbing the body with the powder produced). Stones also were used in a “hammer‐like” fashion to loosen the soil for digging out roots and arthropods, and sometimes as “hoes” to pull the loosened soil. In a few cases, we observed the re‐utilization of stone tools for different purposes (N=3), or the combined use of two tools—stones and sticks (N=4) or two stones (N=5), as sequential or associative tools. On three occasions, the monkeys used smaller stones to loosen bigger quartz pebbles embedded in conglomerate rock, which were subsequently used as tools. These could be considered the first reports of secondary tool use by wild capuchin monkeys. Am. J. Primatol. 71:242–251, 2009. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Dairy Manure Particle Size Distribution, Properties, And Implications For Manure Handling And Treatment

Livestock industries are a significant component of agriculture and proper management of manure streams they generate is necessary for their long-term viability. Major advancements in municipal and industrial wastewater treatment were made possible by investigative work on waste stream constituents, their properties, and how those properties can be modified and exploited to improve treatment. In contrast, significantly less attention has been given to characterizing animal waste stream constituent properties and optimizing manure treatment systems. More exploratory and applied research is needed in this area. To that end a technique was developed for separating manure particles into size fractions using a relatively simple vacuum-assisted wet-sieving procedure. The technique was applied to dairy manure and the resulting particle fractions were then analyzed to determine how particle properties varied with particle size. Results indicate that 80-percent of the total mass of “fresh” manure was associated with particle sizes larger than 5 µm and large particles had significantly larger organic matter content than smaller particles; 25-percent of the solids in the flushed manure stream were colloidal and dissolved matter that originated from the lagoon via the flush water stream; and the inclined-screen liquid-solid separator removed 70% of fiber/particles in the 10 µm to 1,270 µm range, although the screen opening size was 1,270 µm, which leads to the conclusion that the removal of small fiber/particles may have been assisted by the presence of larger fiber/particles. Preliminary investigations indicate that nitrogen content may vary with particle size and information of this nature can be useful in modeling nutrient transport and fate.
Cold Filter: A Meta-Framework for Faster and More Accurate Stream Processing

Approximate stream processing algorithms, such as Count-Min sketch, Space-Saving, etc., support numerous applications in databases, storage systems, networking, and other domains. However, the unbalanced distribution in real data streams poses great challenges to existing algorithms. To enhance these algorithms, we propose a meta-framework, called Cold Filter (CF), that enables faster and more accurate stream processing. Different from existing filters that mainly focus on hot items, our filter captures cold items in the first stage, and hot items in the second stage. Also, existing filters require two-direction communication - with frequent exchanges between the two stages; our filter on the other hand is one-direction - each item enters one stage at most once. Our filter can accurately estimate both cold and hot items, giving it a genericity that makes it applicable to many stream processing tasks. To illustrate the benefits of our filter, we deploy it on three typical stream processing tasks and experimental results show speed improvements of up to 4.7 times, and accuracy improvements of up to 51 times. All source code is made publicly available at Github.
Application of Poly 1,8‐diaminonaphthalene/multiwalled carbon nanotubes‐COOH hybrid material as an efficient sorbent for trace determination of cadmium and lead ions in water samples

Poly 1,8‐diaminonaphthalene/multiwalled carbon nanotubes‐COOH hybrid material as an effective sorbents in solid phase extraction has been developed for the separation and preconcentration of Cd(II) and Pb(II) at trace levels in environmental water samples. The results indicate that the novel nanocomposite show a high affinity for these heavy metals due to the presence of several good extractive sites, which are introduced to the synthesized nanocomposite The maximum adsorption capacity of the synthesized sorbent for cadmium and lead ions was found to be 101.2 and 175.2 mg g−1, respectively. The detection limits of this method were 0.09 and 0.7 ng ml−1 for Cd(II) and Pb(II), respectively. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Long-Term Outcomes of Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm in the Medicare Population.

BACKGROUND Randomized trials and observational studies have shown that perioperative morbidity and mortality are lower with endovascular repair of abdominal aortic aneurysm than with open repair, but the survival benefit is not sustained. In addition, concerns have been raised about the long-term risk of aneurysm rupture or the need for reintervention after endovascular repair. METHODS We assessed perioperative and long-term survival, reinterventions, and complications after endovascular repair as compared with open repair of abdominal aortic aneurysm in propensity-score-matched cohorts of Medicare beneficiaries who underwent repair during the period from 2001 through 2008 and were followed through 2009. RESULTS We identified 39,966 matched pairs of patients who had undergone either open repair or endovascular repair. The overall perioperative mortality was 1.6% with endovascular repair versus 5.2% with open repair (P<0.001). From 2001 through 2008, perioperative mortality decreased by 0.8 percentage points among patients who underwent endovascular repair (P=0.001) and by 0.6 percentage points among patients who underwent open repair (P=0.01). The rate of conversion from endovascular to open repair decreased from 2.2% in 2001 to 0.3% in 2008 (P<0.001). The rate of survival was significantly higher after endovascular repair than after open repair through the first 3 years of follow-up, after which time the rates of survival were similar. Through 8 years of follow-up, interventions related to the management of the aneurysm or its complications were more common after endovascular repair, whereas interventions for complications related to laparotomy were more common after open repair. Aneurysm rupture occurred in 5.4% of patients after endovascular repair versus 1.4% of patients after open repair through 8 years of follow-up (P<0.001). The rate of total reinterventions at 2 years after endovascular repair decreased over time (from 10.4% among patients who underwent procedures in 2001 to 9.1% among patients who underwent procedures in 2007). CONCLUSIONS Endovascular repair, as compared with open repair, of abdominal aortic aneurysm was associated with a substantial early survival advantage that gradually decreased over time. The rate of late rupture was significantly higher after endovascular repair than after open repair. The outcomes of endovascular repair have been improving over time. (Funded by the National Institutes of Health.).
Flexible Access System Architecture (FASA) to Support Diverse Requirements and Agile Service Creation

This paper summarizes our studies on the flexible access system architecture (FASA), which will support a wide range of services and stimulate the creation of new services in the next generation. After reviewing related concepts and technical trends, FASA's concept and use cases are introduced. FASA aims to cover residential, enterprise, and mobile backhaul/fronthaul services. The technical directions associated with implementing FASA and the challenges raised are described. They include hardware design to maximize the use of common hardware, clarification of architectures that suit time-critical applications, and deeper softwarization.
Automated service negotiation between autonomous computational agents

Multi-agent systems are a new computational approach for solving real world, dynamic and open system problems. Problems are conceptualized as a collection of decentralised autonomous agents that collaborate to reach the overall solution. Because of the agents autonomy, their limited rationality, and the distributed nature of most real world problems, the key issue in multi-agent system research is how to model interactions between agents. Negotiation models have emerged as suitable candidates to solve this interaction problem due to their decentralised nature, emphasis on mutual selection of an action, and the prevalence of negotiation in real social systems. The central problem addressed in this thesis is the design and engineering of a negotiation model for autonomous agents for sharing tasks and/or resources. To solve this problem a negotiation protocol and a set of deliberation mechanisms are presented which together coordinate the actions of a multiple agent system. In more detail, the negotiation protocol constrains the action selection problem solving of the agents through the use of normative rules of interaction. These rules temporally order, according to the agents’ roles, communication utterances by specifying both who can say what, as well as when. Specifically, the presented protocol is a repeated, sequential model where offers are iteratively exchanged. Under this protocol, agents are assumed to be fully committed to their utterances and utterances are private between the two agents. The protocol is distributed, symmetric, supports bi and/or multi-agent negotiation as well as distributive and integrative negotiation. In addition to coordinating the agent interactions through normative rules, a set of mechanisms are presented that coordinate the deliberation process of the agents during the ongoing negotiation. Whereas the protocol normatively describes the orderings of actions, the mechanisms describe the possible set of agent strategies in using the protocol. These strategies are captured by a negotiation architecture that is composed of responsive and deliberative decision mechanisms. Decision making with the former mechanism is based on a linear combination of simple functions called tactics, which manipulate the utility of deals. The latter mechanisms are subdivided into trade-off and issue manipulation mechanisms. The trade-off mechanism generates offers that manipulate the value, rather than the overall utility, of the offer. The issue manipu-
Biological and Clinical Relevance of Associated Genomic Alterations in MYD88 L265P and non-L265P–Mutated Diffuse Large B-Cell Lymphoma: Analysis of 361 Cases

Purpose: MYD88 mutations, notably the recurrent gain-of-function L265P variant, are a distinguishing feature of activated B-cell like (ABC) diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL), leading to constitutive NFκB pathway activation. The aim of this study was to examine the distinct genomic profiles of MYD88-mutant DLBCL, notably according to the presence of the L265P or other non-L265P MYD88 variants. Experimental Design: A cohort of 361 DLBCL cases (94 MYD88 mutant and 267 MYD88 wild-type) was submitted to next-generation sequencing (NGS) focusing on 34 genes to analyze associated mutations and copy number variations, as well as gene expression profiling, and clinical and prognostic analyses. Results: Importantly, we highlighted different genomic profiles for MYD88 L265P and MYD88 non-L265P–mutant DLBCL, shedding light on their divergent backgrounds. Clustering analysis also segregated subgroups according to associated genetic alterations among patients with the same MYD88 mutation. We showed that associated CD79B and MYD88 L265P mutations act synergistically to increase NFκB pathway activation, although the majority of MYD88 L265P–mutant cases harbors downstream NFκB alterations, which can predict BTK inhibitor resistance. Finally, although the MYD88 L265P variant was not an independent prognostic factor in ABC DLBCL, associated CD79B mutations significantly improved the survival of MYD88 L265P–mutant ABC DLBCL in our cohort. Conclusions: This study highlights the relative heterogeneity of MYD88-mutant DLBCL, adding to the field's knowledge of the theranostic importance of MYD88 mutations, but also of associated alterations, emphasizing the usefulness of genomic profiling to best stratify patients for targeted therapy. Clin Cancer Res; 23(9); 2232–44. ©2016 AACR.
Structure-Specific nuclease activities of Artemis and the Artemis: DNA-PKcs complex

Abstract Artemis is a vertebrate nuclease with both endo- and exonuclease activities that acts on a wide range of nucleic acid substrates. It is the main nuclease in the non-homologous DNA end-joining pathway (NHEJ). Not only is Artemis important for the repair of DNA double-strand breaks (DSBs) in NHEJ, it is essential in opening the DNA hairpin intermediates that are formed during V(D)J recombination. Thus, humans with Artemis deficiencies do not have T- or B-lymphocytes and are diagnosed with severe combined immunodeficiency (SCID). While Artemis is the only vertebrate nuclease capable of opening DNA hairpins, it has also been found to act on other DNA substrates that share common structural features. Here, we discuss the key structural features that all Artemis DNA substrates have in common, thus providing a basis for understanding how this structure-specific nuclease recognizes its DNA targets.
Role Stress and Career Satisfaction Among Registered Nurses by Work Shift Patterns

Objective: This study examined the variation in role stress and career satisfaction among hospital‐based registered nurses (RNs) by shift length. Summary background data: Many hospitals have reorganized care delivery into 12‐hour work shifts to improve RN recruitment, retention, and cost effectiveness. Yet little is known about the effects of 12‐hour shifts on RN role stress and career satisfaction. As an unprecedented RN shortage approaches, factors that contribute to satisfying and healthy practice environments must be identified. Methods: This study used a descriptive cross‐sectional research design. Five hundred RNs were randomly selected to receive a mailed questionnaire packet. Results: Initial findings indicate RNs working 12‐hour shifts were younger, less experienced, and more stressed than colleagues working 8‐hour shifts. When differences in nursing experience were controlled, similar RN stress levels were found. Although overall career satisfaction was comparable between groups, significant differences were found in the areas of salary and professional status. Pay, autonomy, and professional status were the most important determinants of career satisfaction for all RN participants. Conclusions: These findings suggest that RNs may experience greater professional fulfillment when strategies are implemented that promote autonomous practice environments, provide financial incentives, and recognize professional status. Proactive decision‐making may avert RN disillusionment and avoid other negative consequences that impact quality of care.
Effect of random perturbations on adaptive observation techniques

An observation sensitivity (OS) method to identify targeted observations is implemented in the context of four‐dimensional variational (4D‐Var) data assimilation. This methodology is compared with the well‐established adjoint sensitivity (AS) method using a nonlinear Burgers equation as a test model. Automatic differentiation software is used to implement the first‐order adjoint model (ADM) to calculate the gradient of the cost function required in the 4D‐Var minimization algorithm and in the AS computations and the second‐order ADM to obtain information on the Hessian matrix of the 4D‐Var cost that is necessary in the OS computations. Numerical results indicate that the observation‐targeting is particularly successful in reducing the forecast error for moderate Reynolds numbers. The potential benefits of the OS targeting approach over the AS are investigated. The effect of random perturbations on the performance of these adaptive observation techniques is also analyzed. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Deep Learning to Attend to Risk in ICU

Modeling physiological time-series in ICU is of high clinical importance. However, data collected within ICU are irregular in time and often contain missing measurements. Since absence of a measure would signify its lack of importance, the missingness is indeed informative and might reflect the decision making by the clinician. Here we propose a deep learning architecture that can effectively handle these challenges for predicting ICU mortality outcomes. The model is based on Long Short-Term Memory, and has layered attention mechanisms. At the sensing layer, the model decides whether to observe and incorporate parts of the current measurements. At the reasoning layer, evidences across time steps are weighted and combined. The model is evaluated on the PhysioNet 2012 dataset showing competitive and interpretable results.
Performance of an automated polysomnography scoring system versus computer-assisted manual scoring.

STUDY OBJECTIVES Manual scoring of polysomnograms (PSG) is labor intensive and has considerable variance between scorers. Automation of scoring could reduce cost and improve reproducibility. The purpose of this study was to compare a new automated scoring system (YST-Limited, Winnipeg, Canada) with computer-assisted manual scoring. DESIGN Technical assessment. SETTING Five academic medical centers. PARTICIPANTS N/A. INTERVENTIONS N/A. MEASUREMENTS AND RESULTS Seventy PSG files were selected at University of Pennsylvania (Penn) and distributed to five US academic sleep centers. Two blinded technologists from each center scored each file. Automatic scoring was performed at Penn by a YST Limited technician using a laptop containing the software. Variables examined were sleep stages, arousals, and apnea-hypopnea index (AHI) using three methods of identifying hypopneas. Automatic scores were not edited and were compared to the average scores of the 10 technologists. Intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) was obtained for the 70 pairs and compared to across-sites ICCs for manually scored results. ICCs for automatic versus manual scoring were > 0.8 for total sleep time, stage N2, and nonrapid eye movement arousals and > 0.9 for AHI scored by primary and secondary American Academy of Sleep Medicine criteria. ICCs for other variables were not as high but were comparable to the across-site ICCs for manually scored results. CONCLUSION The automatic system yielded results that were similar to those obtained by experienced technologists. Very good ICCs were obtained for many primary PSG outcome measures. This automated scoring software, particularly if supplemented with manual editing, may increase laboratory efficiency and standardize PSG scoring results within and across sleep centers.
An Acoustic Modem Featuring a Multi-Receiver and Ultra-Low Power

Wireless technology for underwater communication possesses a wide range of potential application, but it is still a relatively unexplored area in many aspects concerning modems physical design. A step towards future deployment of underwater networks is the reduction of power consumption. Therefore, asynchronous wakeup systems need to be integrated within the physical layer design while avoiding the use of additional transducers. This paper offers a practical and generic solution to adapt data reception and transmission together with asynchronous wakeup sub-systems in acoustic underwater modem architectures using a low power and low cost solution. The proposal has been implemented in a real prototype with success.
Where Do You Want to Go Today? Escalating Privileges by Pathname Manipulation

We analyze filename-based privilege escalation attacks, where an attacker creates filesystem links, thereby “tricking” a victim program into opening unintended files. We develop primitives for a POSIX environment, providing assurance that files in “safe directories” (such as /etc/passwd) cannot be opened by looking up a file by an “unsafe pathname” (such as a pathname that resolves through a symbolic link in a world-writable directory). In today’s UNIX systems, solutions to this problem are typically built into (some) applications and use application-specific knowledge about (un)safety of certain directories. In contrast, we seek solutions that can be implemented in the filesystem itself (or a library on top of it), thus providing protection to all applications. Our solution is built around the concept of pathname manipulators, which are roughly the users that can influence the result of a file lookup operation. For each user, we distinguish unsafe pathnames from safe pathnames according to whether or not the pathname has any manipulators other than that user or root. We propose a safe-open procedure that keeps track of the safety of the current pathname as it resolves it, and that takes extra precautions while opening files with unsafe pathnames. We prove that our solution can prevent a common class of filename-based privilege escalation attacks, and describe our implementation of the safe-open procedure as a library function over the POSIX filesystem interface. We tested our implementation on several UNIX variants to evaluate its implications for systems and applications. Our experiments suggest that this solution can be deployed in a portable way without breaking existing systems, and that it is effective against this class of pathname resolution attacks.