Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Interaction of aldehydes derived from lipid peroxidation and membrane proteins

A great variety of compounds are formed during lipid peroxidation of polyunsaturated fatty acids of membrane phospholipids. Among them, bioactive aldehydes, such as 4-hydroxyalkenals, malondialdehyde (MDA) and acrolein, have received particular attention since they have been considered as toxic messengers that can propagate and amplify oxidative injury. In the 4-hydroxyalkenal class, 4-hydroxy-2-nonenal (HNE) is the most intensively studied aldehyde, in relation not only to its toxic function, but also to its physiological role. Indeed, HNE can be found at low concentrations in human tissues and plasma and participates in the control of biological processes, such as signal transduction, cell proliferation, and differentiation. Moreover, at low doses, HNE exerts an anti-cancer effect, by inhibiting cell proliferation, angiogenesis, cell adhesion and by inducing differentiation and/or apoptosis in various tumor cell lines. It is very likely that a substantial fraction of the effects observed in cellular responses, induced by HNE and related aldehydes, be mediated by their interaction with proteins, resulting in the formation of covalent adducts or in the modulation of their expression and/or activity. In this review we focus on membrane proteins affected by lipid peroxidation-derived aldehydes, under physiological and pathological conditions.
The complementing condition and its role in a bifurcation theory applicable to nonlinear elasticity

Montes-Pizarro Abstract. The complementing condition (CC) is an algebraic compat- ibility requirement between the principal part of a linear elliptic partial dierential operator and the principal part of the corresponding bound- ary operators. When the CC holds the linear boundary value problem has many important functional analytic properties. Recently it has been found that the CC plays a very important role in the construction of a generalized degree, with all the properties of the Leray-Schauder de- gree, applicable to a general class of problems in nonlinear elasticity. In this paper we discuss the role of the CC in such development and present some examples of boundary value problems in nonlinear elastic- ity to which this new degree is applicable. In addition, when the CC fails we present some recent results on the implications of this failure in the context of nonlinear elasticity.
Drug Costs in Prediabetes and Undetected Diabetes Compared With Diagnosed Diabetes and Normal Glucose Tolerance: Results From the Population-Based KORA Survey in Germany

Undetected diabetes and prediabetes are common (1–3). In decision analytic models of diabetes prevention and screening in particular, the differentiation in costs of detected, undetected, and prediabetic cases are important (4). To the best of our knowledge, no study has determined costs using population-based data with oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT)–based diabetes diagnosis. We used the population-based Cooperative Health Research in the Region of Augsburg (KORA) follow-up survey, conducted in 2006–2008 in southern Germany (2,3) ( n = 2,611, aged 40–82 years). By means of participants’ self report and an OGTT, we identified individuals with previously diagnosed diabetes ( n = 233, 57.9% male, mean age 67.8 ± 8.7), undetected diabetes ( n = 109, 56.9% male, mean age 65.3 ± 10.4), and prediabetes (i.e., impaired glucose tolerance and/or impaired fasting glucose) ( n = 489, 53.2% male, mean age 63.7 ± 10.4), and those with normal …
Electron capture dissociation of singly and multiply phosphorylated peptides.

Analysis of phosphotyrosine and phosphoserine containing peptides by nano-electrospray Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance (FTICR) mass spectrometry established electron capture dissociation (ECD) as a viable method for phosphopeptide sequencing. In general, ECD spectra of synthetic and native phosphopeptides appeared less complex than conventional collision activated dissociation (CAD) mass spectra of these species. ECD of multiply protonated phosphopeptide ions generated mainly c- and z(.)-type peptide fragment ion series. No loss of water, phosphate groups or phosphoric acid from intact phosphopeptide ions nor from the c and z(.) fragment ion products was observed in the ECD spectra. ECD enabled complete or near-complete amino acid sequencing of phosphopeptides for the assignment of up to four phosphorylation sites in peptides in the mass range 1400 to 3500 Da. Nano-scale Fe(III)-affinity chromatography combined with nano-electrospray FTMS/ECD facilitated phosphopeptide analysis and amino acid sequencing from crude proteolytic peptide mixtures.
Investigation of the central and peripheral analgesic and anti-inflammatory activity of Draksharishta an Indian Ayurvedic formulation

Rationale: Draksharishta (DRK) is an Ayurvedic formulation approved by the “National formulary of Ayurvedic Medicine 2011”, of Bangladesh. It is widely available in the Bangladeshi market as an effective preparation to treat lumbago, sciatia and arthritic pain of joints. But there are very scientific evidences available to support their common uses. Objectives: Our present studies make an attempt toward identifying probable antinociceptive and anti-inflammatory effect and its mechanisms of DRK. Findings: DRK, at three doses, (10 mL/kg, 20 mL/kg, and 40 mL/kg) showed no involvement of the CNS in antinociceptive activity of the test drug. Both Carrageenan-induced paw edema and acetic acid writhing tests gave significant results (P < 0.05), indicating possible peripheral analgesic and anti-inflammatory action. Formalin-induced paw- licking test showed that DRK had significant effect in suppressing inflammatory pain (P < 0.05) but not neurogenic pain. Conclusions: Hence our study shows anti-inflammatory and peripheral analgesic action for DRK.
Indoor Floor Map Crowdsourcing Building Method Based on Inertial Measurement Unit Data

Currently, the indoor navigation has attracted lots of attention and been considered as the most prominent technology in the future. However, the biggest obstacle that hinders the promotion of the indoor navigation is the cost of building floor map. In the unknown indoor environment, it will take a lot of resources to acquire or build indoor floor map. Therefore, in this paper, in order to reduce the floor map building cost, we mainly propose to utilize the pedestrian dead reckoning (PDR) method through massive users' inertial measurement unit (IMU) data to build indoor floor map. We proposed a novel algorithm through the density analysis of massive crowdsourcing trajectories, and keep the most proper trajectories with the suitable hotspots to generate floor map. The proposed algorithm relies on the improved PDR algorithm based on the proposed indoor walking model. We have implemented the proposed algorithm in our lab and evaluated its performances. The simulation results show that the proposed algorithm could automatically generate the floor map in the unknown environments with lower cost, which would contribute a lot for the indoor navigation technology.
Lipid Binding-induced Conformational Change in Human Apolipoprotein E

Apolipoprotein (apo) E contains two structural domains, a 22-kDa (amino acids 1–191) N-terminal domain and a 10-kDa (amino acids 223–299) C-terminal domain. To better understand apoE-lipid interactions on lipoprotein surfaces, we determined the thermodynamic parameters for binding of apoE4 and its 22- and 10-kDa fragments to triolein-egg phosphatidylcholine emulsions using a centrifugation assay and titration calorimetry. In both large (120 nm) and small (35 nm) emulsion particles, the binding affinities decreased in the order 10-kDa fragment ≈ 34-kDa intact apoE4 > 22-kDa fragment, whereas the maximal binding capacity of intact apoE4 was much larger than those of the 22- and 10-kDa fragments. These results suggest that at maximal binding, the binding behavior of intact apoE4 is different from that of each fragment and that the N-terminal domain of intact apoE4 does not contact lipid. Isothermal titration calorimetry measurements showed that apoE binding to emulsions was an exothermic process. Binding to large particles is enthalpically driven, and binding to small particles is entropically driven. At a low surface concentration of protein, the binding enthalpy of intact apoE4 (−69 kcal/mol) was approximately equal to the sum of the enthalpies for the 22- and 10-kDa fragments, indicating that both the 22- and 10-kDa fragments interact with lipids. In a saturated condition, however, the binding enthalpy of intact apoE4 (−39 kcal/mol) was less exothermic and rather similar to that of each fragment, supporting the hypothesis that only the C-terminal domain of intact apoE4 binds to lipid. We conclude that the N-terminal four-helix bundle can adopt either open or closed conformations, depending upon the surface concentration of emulsion-bound apoE.
3D Object Representation Using Transform and Scale Invariant 3D Features

An algorithm is proposed for 3D object representation using generic 3D features which are transformation and scale invariant. Descriptive 3D features and their relations are used to construct a graphical model for the object which is later trained and then used for detection purposes. Descriptive 3D features are the fundamental structures which are extracted from the surface of the 3D scanner output. This surface is described by mean and Gaussian curvature values at every data point at various scales and a scale-space search is performed in order to extract the fundamental structures and to estimate the location and the scale of each fundamental structure.
Curvature corrections to dynamics of domain walls.

The most usual procedure for deriving curvature corrections to effective actions for topological defects is subjected to a critical reappraisal. A logically unjustified step (leading to overdetermination) is identified and rectified, taking the standard domain wall case as an illustrative example. Using the appropriately corrected procedure, we obtain a new exact (analytic) expression for the corresponding effective action contribution of quadratic order in the wall width, in terms of the intrinsic Ricci scalar $R$ and the extrinsic curvature scalar $K$. The result is proportional to $cK^2-R$ with the coefficient given by $c\simeq 2$. The resulting form of the ensuing dynamical equations is obtained in terms of the second fundamental form and the Dalembertian of its trace, K. It is argued that this does not invalidate the physical conclusions obtained from the "zero rigidity" ansatz $c=0$ used in previous work.
Saturated Fatty Acids and Cardiovascular Disease: Replacements for Saturated Fat to Reduce Cardiovascular Risk

Dietary recommendations to decrease the risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD) have focused on reducing intake of saturated fatty acids (SFA) for more than 50 years. While the 2015–2020 Dietary Guidelines for Americans advise substituting both monounsaturated and polyunsaturated fatty acids for SFA, evidence supports other nutrient substitutions that will also reduce CVD risk. For example, replacing SFA with whole grains, but not refined carbohydrates, reduces CVD risk. Replacing SFA with protein, especially plant protein, may also reduce CVD risk. While dairy fat (milk, cheese) is associated with a slightly lower CVD risk compared to meat, dairy fat results in a significantly greater CVD risk relative to unsaturated fatty acids. As research continues, we will refine our understanding of dietary patterns associated with lower CVD risk.
Spectrum Sensing enhancement using Principal Component Analysis

In this paper, Principal Component Analysis (PCA) techniques are introduced in the context of Cognitive Radio to enhance the Spectrum Sensing performance. PCA step increases the SNR of the Primary User's signal and, consequently, enhances the Spectrum Sensing performance. We applied PCA as a combination scheme of a multi-antenna Cognitive Radio system. Analytic results will be presented to show the effectiveness of this technique by deriving the new SNR obtained after applying PCA, which can be considered a pre-processing step for a classical Spectrum Sensing algorithm. The effect of PCA is examined with well known detectors in Spectrum Sensing, where the proposed technique shows its efficiency. The performance of the proposed technique is corroborated through many simulations.
Gene-finding with the VOM model

We present the architecture of an elementary gene-finding algorithm that is based on a Variable Order Markov model (VOM). The VOM model is a generalization of the traditional Markov model that can cope with varying memory dependencies. The VOM model is more efficient in terms of its parameterization and therefore can be trained on relatively short sequences. Experiments with the proposed gene-finder (GF) on three prokaryotic genomes indicate its potential advantage on the detection of short genes.
Interstitial Growth of Septal Cartilage in the Young Albino Rat

The cartilaginous nasal septa of 28 albino rats were marked with pairs of wire implants. Measurements obtained from cephalometric radiographs taken at 30 and 60 days revealed that the implants invariably separated and did so at a rate that was highly correlated with the growth of the rest of the snout.
Auscultation of the respiratory system

Auscultation of the lung is an important part of the respiratory examination and is helpful in diagnosing various respiratory disorders. Auscultation assesses airflow through the trachea-bronchial tree. It is important to distinguish normal respiratory sounds from abnormal ones for example crackles, wheezes, and pleural rub in order to make correct diagnosis. It is necessary to understand the underlying pathophysiology of various lung sounds generation for better understanding of disease processes. Bedside teaching should be strengthened in order to avoid erosion in this age old procedure in the era of technological explosion.
Complexity theory for operators in analysis

We propose a new framework for discussing computational complexity of problems involving uncountably many objects, such as real numbers, sets and functions, that can be represented only through approximation. The key idea is to use a certain class of string functions, which we call regular functions, as names representing these objects. These are more expressive than infinite sequences, which served as names in prior work that formulated complexity in more restricted settings. An important advantage of using regular functions is that we can define their size in the way inspired by higher-type complexity theory. This enables us to talk about computation on regular functions whose time or space is bounded polynomially in the input size, giving rise to more general analogues of the classes P, NP, and PSPACE. We also define NP- and PSPACE-completeness under suitable many-one reductions. Because our framework separates machine computation and semantics, it can be applied to problems on sets of interest in analysis once we specify a suitable representation (encoding). As prototype applications, we consider the complexity of functions (operators) on real numbers, real sets, and real functions. The latter two cannot be represented succinctly using existing approaches based on infinite sequences, so ours is the first treatment of them. As an interesting example, the task of numerical algorithms for solving the initial value problem of differential equations is naturally viewed as an operator taking real functions to real functions. As there was no complexity theory for operators, previous results could only state how complex the solution can be. We now reformulate them to show that the operator itself is polynomial-space complete.
Adherence and Cytokine Induction in Caco-2 Cells by Bacterial Populations from a Three-Stage Continuous-Culture Model of the Large Intestine

ABSTRACT Adherence of bacteria to epithelial cells is an important step in colonization and immune modulation in the large bowel. The aims of this study were to use a three-stage continuous-culture system (CCS) to investigate how environmental factors affect bacterial attachment to Caco-2 cells and modulation of cytokine expression by gut microorganisms, including a probiotic Bifidobacterium longum strain, DD2004. The CCS simulated environmental conditions in the proximal large intestine (vessel 1 [V1]) and distal colon (V2 and V3) at two different system retention times (R) within the range of normal colonic transits (20 and 60 h). The model was inoculated with human fecal material, and fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) was used to characterize microbial populations and to assess bacterial attachment to Caco-2 cells. Real-time quantitative PCR (qPCR) was employed to measure cytokine gene expression following challenge with bacteria from different components of the CCS in the presence and absence of B. longum. At an R of 60 h, bacterial adherence increased from V1 to V3, but this trend was reversed at an R of 20 h. Atopobia were the predominant adherent organisms detected at both system retention times in each culture vessel. Modulation of transforming growth factor β1 (TGF-β1), interleukin 6 (IL-6), and IL-18 gene expression by CCS bacteria was marked at an R of 60 h, while at an R of 20 h, IL-4, IL-10, TGF-β2, IL-1α, and tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) were significantly affected. The addition of B. longum affected cytokine expression significantly at both retention times. This study demonstrates that environmental determinants regulate the adherence properties of intestinal bacteria and their abilities to regulate cytokine synthesis.
Relational-Complete Private Information Retrieval

We show how relational algebra queries can be processed over relational databases encoded for private information retrieval. In particular, we illustrate how each of the constructs for relational algebra can be compiled into an online stream of private information retrieval requ sts. This brings relational-complete query capabilities to traditional private information retrieval schemes, whi ch gives greater utility to a private information retriever without impacting her privacy. Our proposed design is for the layout of data inside a private d abase, including index structures, and thus can be implemented using any block-based private information r etrieval scheme. We detail how the client converts a relational algebra query into a sequence of private request s, with the goal of minimizing network traffic.
A radio multiplexing architecture for high throughput point to multipoint wireless networks

WiFi-based point-to-multipoint systems are a cost-effective solution for providing high-bandwidth connectivity to remote rural regions. However, current point-to-multipoint deployments are hampered by several challenges. Their capacity to support a large number of clients simply by increasing the number of radios at the base station is limited because space restrictions on radio towers bound the number of antennas that can be installed at one physical location. Also the limited availability of wireless channels restricts the number of clients that can be simultaneously supported by a base station at any point of time. In this paper, we explore high-throughput architectures for point-to-multipoint networks. We show how we can increase the number of radios at the base station without increasing the number of antennas simultaneously. We propose a simple yet practical multiplexing design that uses cheap RF combiner/splitter devices for multiplexing several radios onto a single antenna. We also examine a more general design that uses RF switches, and which allows us to allocate radios to antennas dynamically based on client traffic demands. As a proof of concept, we demonstrate and evaluate the simple case of combining up to three radios operating on different channels onto only one antenna, using off-the-shelf combiner/splitters and attenuators. We show that not only is such a design feasible, but also that the achieved link throughput in both directions is as good as the one obtained by using separate antennas for each radio, as long as we provide sufficient RF isolation between the multiplexed radios.
Comparative study of feature space projection methods for hyperspectral image classification

Feature space projection, or feature projection is an active research topic in machine learning. Some projection methods have been used in remote sensing for dimension reduction, especially for hyperspectral data due to high dimensionality. Projection methods can improve the performance of classifiers susceptible to the Hughes phenomenon. However, the effect of feature projection for more advanced classifiers has not been well-studied, and there are few studies comparing projection methods for hyperspectral image classification. A comprehensive study has been performed on the effect of feature projection for classification using both reduced and full dimensions. The performance of six feature projection methods (PCA, LLE, LDA, LFDA, LMNN, and SPCA) using three classifiers has been explored on three hyperspectral data sets. Results show that the performance of feature projection methods on different classifiers are mainly consistent for different data sets. LFDA achieves the best overall performance considering all data sets and all classifiers.
Early rehabilitation after hospital admission for road trauma using an in-reach multidisciplinary team: a randomised controlled trial

Objective: To investigate the impact of an in-reach rehabilitation team for patients admitted after road trauma. Design: Randomised control trial of usual care versus early involvement of in-reach rehabilitation team. Telephone follow-up was conducted by a blind assessor at three months for those with minor/moderate injuries and six months for serious/severe injuries. Setting: Four participating trauma services in New South Wales, Australia. Subjects: A total of 214 patients admitted during 2012-2015 with a length of stay of at least five days. Intervention: Provision of rehabilitation services in parallel with ward based therapy using an in-reach team for the intervention group. The control group could still access the ward based therapy (usual care). Main measures: The primary outcome was acute length of stay. Secondary outcomes included percentage requiring inpatient rehabilitation, function (Functional Independence Measure and Timed Up and Go Test), psychological status (Depression Anxiety and Stress Score 21), pain (Orebro Musculoskeletal Pain Questionnaire) and quality of life (Short Form-12 v2). Results: Median length of stay in acute care was 13 days (IQR 8-21). The intervention group, compared to the control group, received more physiotherapy and occupational therapy sessions (median number of sessions 16.0 versus 11.5, P=0.003). However, acute length of stay did not differ between the intervention and control groups (median 15 vs 12 days, P=0.37). There were no significant differences observed in the secondary outcomes at hospital discharge and follow-up. Conclusion: No additional benefit was found from the routine use of acute rehabilitation teams for trauma patients over and above usual care.
Watching a cursor distorts haptically guided reproduction of mouse movement.

Participants moved a mouse along a force-feedback-defined linear path, either without vision or while watching a cursor set to 1 of 3 levels of visual:haptic gain (all >1:1). They attempted to haptically reproduce the movement without visual feedback. Errors increased with gain, reaching 70% overestimation at the highest gain. Forewarning participants about gain variability did not eliminate this effect. The gain level was potentially cued during the movement by the mismatch between visual feedback and kinesthetic feedback. Moreover, because participants did not achieve cursor-speed constancy across gain levels, visual speed was another cue to gain. Collectively, these cues failed to prevent visual distortion of movement reproduction.