Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The James Clerk Maxwell Telescope Spectral Legacy Survey

Stars form in the densest, coldest, most quiescent regions of molecular clouds. Molecules provide the only probes that can reveal the dynamics, physics, chemistry, and evolution of these regions, but our understanding of the molecular inventory of sources and how this is related to their physical state and evolution is rudimentary and incomplete. The Spectral Legacy Survey (SLS) is one of seven surveys recently approved by the James Clerk Maxwell Telescope (JCMT) Board of Directors. Beginning in 2007, the SLS will produce a spectral imaging survey of the content and distribution of all the molecules detected in the 345 GHz atmospheric window (between 332 and 373 GHz) toward a sample of five sources. Our intended targets are a low‐mass core (NGC 1333 IRAS 4), three high‐mass cores spanning a range of star‐forming environments and evolutionary states (W49, AFGL 2591, and IRAS 20126), and a photodissociation region (the Orion Bar). The SLS will use the unique spectral imaging capabilities of HARP‐B/ACSIS (Heterodyne Array Receiver Programme B/Auto‐Correlation Spectrometer and Imaging System) to study the molecular inventory and the physical structure of these objects, which span different evolutionary stages and physical environments and to probe their evolution during the star formation process. As its name suggests, the SLS will provide a lasting data legacy from the JCMT that is intended to benefit the entire astronomical community. As such, the entire data set (including calibrated spectral data cubes, maps of molecular emission, line identifications, and calculations of the gas temperature and column density) will be publicly available.
A Group Authentication Scheme Supporting Cheating Detection and Identification

Group authentication is a valid scheme to make sure whether all participants belong to the same group. For nonmembers, detecting and identifying them is also necessary. So an optimized group authentication which can detect and identify the nonmembers is proposed in this paper. The group authentication is designed for group-oriented applications. A lot of user authentication schemes only support one-to-one principle of authentication. However, network applications are no longer one-to-one communication, multiple users may be involved. So the scheme proposed a many-to-many communication. The scheme is based on Shamir's (t, n) threshold secret sharing scheme. The threshold scheme can protect a secret with high security and reliability when all the participants are honest. If some dishonest participants exist, the other honest participants may obtain a false secret which will lead to a false authentication, making them think all the participants are in the same group. It can reveal the content of the communication between them. We improve the t-secure m-user n-group authentication scheme, where t is the threshold of the scheme, m is the number of participants in the group authentication, and n is the number of members of the group. We choose a one-way function and then compute a parameter value which we will mention below. Which involve in a method to detect and identify the nonmembers in the group.
Compact CAR: Low-Overhead Cache Replacement Policy for an ICN Router

Information-centric networking (ICN) has gained attention from network research communities due to its capability of efficient content dissemination. In-network caching function in ICN plays an important role to achieve the design motivation. However, many researchers on in-network caching have focused on where to cache rather than how to cache: the former is known as contents deployment in the network and the latter is known as cache replacement in an ICN element. Although, the cache replacement has been intensively researched in the context of web-caching and content delivery network previously, the conventional approaches cannot be directly applied to ICN due to the fine granularity of cacheable items in ICN, which eventually changes the access patterns. In this paper, we argue that ICN requires a novel cache replacement algorithm to fulfill the requirements in the design of high performance ICN element. Then, we propose a novel cache replacement algorithm to satisfy the requirements named Compact CLOCK with Adaptive Replacement (Compact CAR), which can reduce the consumption of cache memory to one-tenth compared to conventional approaches.
Worst-Case Optimal Tree Layout in a Memory Hierarchy

Consider laying out a fixed-topology tree of N nodes into external memory with block size B so as to minimize the worst-case number of block memory transfers required to traverse a path from the root to a node of depth D. We prove that the optimal number of memory transfers is $$ \cases{ \displaystyle \Theta\left( {D \over \lg (1{+}B)} \right)&when $D = O(\lg N)$, \cr \displaystyle \Theta\left( {\lg N \over \lg \left(1{+}{B \lg N \over D}\right)} \right)&when $D = \Omega(\lg N)$ and $D = O(B \lg N)$, \cr \displaystyle \Theta\left( {D \over B} \right)&when $D = \Omega(B \lg N)$. } $$
The role of hybridization in facilitating tree invasion

Hybridization can generate additional genetic diversity and create invasive plant species. Invasive tree species are a growing ecological concern worldwide, and some of these invasions involve hybridization events. Here we review 1) abundance of hybrid trees compared to parental taxa in an invasion; 2) hybrid phenotypes that may enhance invasions; 3) the presence of first generation vs further hybrid generations and introgression; 4) the role of native genetic material in invasive tree hybridization; 5) how important intentional hybridization is in contributing to tree invasion and 6) how often hybrid tree invasions are preceded by intentional vs. accidental introduction.
Molecular Transient Receptor Potential Vanilloid 1 Is Required for Intrinsic Osmoreception in Organum Vasculosum Lamina Terminalis Neurons and for Normal Thirst Responses to Systemic Hyperosmolality

Recent studies have indicated that members of the transient receptor potential vanilloid (TRPV) family of cation channels are required for the generation of normal osmoregulatory responses, yet the mechanism of osmosensory transduction in primary osmoreceptor neurons of the CNS remains to be defined. Indeed, despite ample evidence suggesting that the organum vasculosum lamina terminalis (OVLT) serves as the primary locus of the brain for the detection of osmotic stimuli, evidence that neurons in the OVLT are intrinsically osmosensitive has remained elusive. Here we show that murine OVLT neurons are intrinsically sensitive to increases in the osmolality of the extracellular fluid. Hypertonic conditions provoked increases in membrane cation conductance that resulted in the generation of an inward current, depolarizing osmoreceptor potentials, and enhanced action potential discharge. Moreover, we found that this osmosensory signal transduction cascade was absent in OVLT neurons from TRPV1 knock-out (TRPV1 / ) mice and that responses of wild type (WT) OVLT neurons could be blocked by ruthenium red, an inhibitor of TRPV channels. Finally, TRPV1 / mice showed significantly attenuated water intake in response to systemic hypertonicity compared with WT controls. These findings indicate that OVLT neurons act as primary osmoreceptors and that a product of the trpv1 gene is required for osmosensory transduction.
Household Search and the Aggregate Labor Market

We develop a theoretical model with labor market frictions, incomplete financial markets and with households which have two members. Households face unemployment risks but their members adjust their labor supplies to insure against unemployment. We use the model to explain the cyclical properties of aggregate employment and participation. As in the US data, the model predicts that the participation rate (the fraction of individuals that want jobs) is not strongly correlated with aggregate economic activity. This property is in sharp contrast to the strongly procyclical participation predicted by both neoclassical models and models with search frictions, when we assume bachelor households or households with infinitely many members (complete markets). In the two member household model and in the data, primary earners are always in the labor force, secondary earners have a mildly countercyclical participation rate and a mildly procyclical employment rate. Their behavior insures the household against unemployment risks.
Triogram Models

In this paper we introduce the Triogram method for function estimation using piecewise linear bivariate splines based on an adaptively constructed triangulation We illustrate the technique for bivariate regression and log density estimation and indicate how our approach can be applied directly to model bivariate functions in the broader context of an extended linear model The entire estimation procedure is invariant under a ne transformations and is a natural approach for modeling data when the domain of the predictor variables is a polygonal region in the plane Although our examples deal exclusively with estimating bivariate functions the use of Triograms for modeling two factor interactions in ANOVA decompositions of functions depending on more than two variables is straightforward Software for tting these models will be available in Version of S
Disfluencies in change detection in natural, vocoded and synthetic speech

In this paper, we investigate the effect of filled pauses, a discourse marker and silent pauses in a change detection experiment in natural, vocoded and synthetic speech. In natural speech change detection has been found to increase in the presence of filled pauses, we extend this work by replicating earlier findings and explore the effect of a discourse marker, like, and silent pauses. Furthermore we report how the use of "unnatural" speech, namely synthetic and vocoded, affects change detection rates. It was found that the filled pauses, the discourse marker and silent pauses all increase change detection rates in natural speech, however in neither synthetic nor vocoded speech did this effect appear. Rather, change detection rates decreased in both types of "unnatural" speech compared to natural speech. The natural results suggests that while each type of pause increase detection rates, the type of pause may have a further effect. The "unnatural" results suggest that it is not the full pipeline of synthetic speech that causes the degradation, but rather that something in the pre-processing, i.e. vocoding, of the speech database limits the resulting synthesis.
Script Identification of Document Image Analysis

Script identification prior to OCR is necessary in document image analysis. And each script has unique spatial distribution and visual attribute that make it possible to identify itself from other languages. The key technology of script identification algorithm is to abstract effective measure feature. By analyzing vision differences based on normalized histogram statistic, Chinese, Japanese, English and Russian are identified respectively from others. Therefore, automatic identification of four scripts is realized successfully
Psychrophilic Enzymes: From Folding to Function and Biotechnology

Psychrophiles thriving permanently at near-zero temperatures synthesize cold-active enzymes to sustain their cell cycle. Genome sequences, proteomic, and transcriptomic studies suggest various adaptive features to maintain adequate translation and proper protein folding under cold conditions. Most psychrophilic enzymes optimize a high activity at low temperature at the expense of substrate affinity, therefore reducing the free energy barrier of the transition state. Furthermore, a weak temperature dependence of activity ensures moderate reduction of the catalytic activity in the cold. In these naturally evolved enzymes, the optimization to low temperature activity is reached via destabilization of the structures bearing the active site or by destabilization of the whole molecule. This involves a reduction in the number and strength of all types of weak interactions or the disappearance of stability factors, resulting in improved dynamics of active site residues in the cold. These enzymes are already used in many biotechnological applications requiring high activity at mild temperatures or fast heat-inactivation rate. Several open questions in the field are also highlighted.
Identification of context markers for Russian nouns

The research project presented in this paper aims at identification of context markers for Russian nouns and their use in construction identification. The body of contexts has been extracted from the Russian National Corpus (RNC). The context processing procedure takes into account the lexical and semantic information represented in the corpus annotation. Merged meaning of words are taken into consideration. The reported results contribute to task of building a comprehensive lexicographic resource — the Index of Russian lexical constructions. 1
Cooperative filter-and-forward beamforming in cognitive radio relay networks

In this paper, the filter-and-forward (FF) strategy is developed for cooperative relays in cognitive radio (CR) networks with the underlay structure and the frequency selective fading channels. A cost function is defined to minimize the required transmitting power of the relay networks and the secondary user. For this purpose, the cost function is constrained to keeping the power of noise and interferences at the primary receiver less than a predefined limit, and the SINR above a given threshold. Simulation results show that the proposed algorithm converges to an optimal solution based on the interior point method. The results show that compared to the AF strategy, we achieve a higher SINR threshold in the secondary receiver and need a lower transmitting power at the relays and the secondary transmitter.
Running Head : FINDING HAPPINESS 1 Finding Happiness : Tailoring Positive Activities for Optimal Well-Being Benefits

" We all live with the objective of being happy; our lives are all different and yet the same. " ~Anne Frank No matter how different people's lives – whether due to age, gender, culture, or life experience – the desire for happiness is widespread. Across cultures, the majority of people include happiness as one of their primary goals in life (Diener, 2000), and many seek ways to render themselves happier (Bergsma, 2008). Not surprisingly, the secrets of how to become happier and live a more fulfilling life have been topics of philosophical and lay interest for many years (Kesebir & Diener, 2008). However, the route to happiness may be different for each individual. With recent developments in the field of positive psychology, the question of how to become happier has become a topic of growing scientific interest but few have examined how individuals may differ in their pursuit of happiness. That being so, Anne Frank's recognition of the commonalities and differences in people's lives, as well as in the pursuit of happiness itself, points to important new directions for research.
Statistics of Planar Graphs Viewed from a Vertex: a Study via Labeled Trees

We study the statistics of edges and vertices in the vicinity of a reference vertex (origin) within random planar quadrangulations and Eulerian triangulations. Exact generating functions are obtained for theses graphs with fixed numbers of edges and vertices at given geodesic distances from the origin. Our analysis relies on bijections with labeled trees, in which the labels encode the information on the geodesic distance from the origin. In the case of infinitely large graphs, we give in particular explicit formulas for the probabilities that the origin have given numbers of neighboring edges and/or vertices, as well as explicit values for the corresponding moments.
Thorium and Uranium Chronometers Applied to CS 31082-001

We use the classical r-process model to explore the implications of the recently reported first observation of U in the extremely metal-poor, r-process element-enriched halo star CS 31082-001 for U and Th cosmochronometry. Using updated nuclear physics input and performing a new, conservative, analysis of the remaining uncertainties in the classical r-process model, we confirm that U (together with Th) abundance observations in metal-poor stars are a promising tool for dating r-process events in the early Galaxy, independent of assumptions on Galactic chemical evolution. We show that nuclear physics uncertainties limit the present accuracy of estimated U/Th ages to about 2 Gyr. Critical nuclear data that are required to lower this uncertainty include β-delayed fission branchings and reliable predictions of the onset of deformation in the vicinity of the N = 184 shell closure around 244Tl, as both directly affect predicted U/Th ratios in r-process models. In this paper we apply, for the first time, the new HFBCS-1 mass model within the framework of the classical r-process model. We find that the predicted U and Th abundances are incompatible with the solar U and Th abundances and trace this back to a different prediction of the onset of deformation around 244Tl. In the case of CS 31082-001, we find it likely that the zero-age U and Th abundances were enhanced by about a factor of 2.5 compared to both (1) a theoretical extrapolation from the observed stable elements using the classical r-process model and (2) the zero-age abundances of Th and U in other r-process-enhanced, metal-poor halo stars. Although presently ad hoc, this "actinide boost" assumption solves the apparent problem of the relative age difference compared with other metal-poor halo stars and, at the same time, the problem of the inconsistency of ages based on U/(stable nucleus), Th/(stable nucleus) and U/Th ratios. There clearly exist differences, among some r-process-enhanced, metal-poor stars, in the level of the elemental abundances of actinides beyond the third r-process peak. Whether CS 31082-001 is a relatively rare case or commonplace awaits the identification of larger numbers of r-process-enhanced, metal-poor stars in which both U and Th can be measured. Using the U/Th ratio, we obtain a best age estimate for the r-process elements in CS 31082-001 of 15.5 ± 3.2 Gyr. Future observations of Pb and Bi and a better determination of the r-process contribution to solar Pb are needed to put the age estimates for this and other stars on a more solid basis. For our most likely scenario, we provide predictions of the expected upper and lower limits on the abundances of the elements Pb and Bi in CS 31082-001.
Vertical-Ground-Plane Transmission Lines for Miniaturized Silicon-Based MMICs

This paper presents a compact transmission line (TL) structure, which comprises one signal line surrounded by two vertical ground planes (VGPs). A V-band amplifier using VGP TLs for matching is also implemented in 130-nm CMOS technology with a peak gain of 18.3 dB at 52 GHz with a compact area of only 0.36 mm while consuming 19 mW from a 1.2-V supply. Compared to other V-band CMOS amplifiers using TLs for matching, this amplifier has the lowest power consumption and smallest chip size.
Modeling and identification of a small unmanned helicopter

This paper describes a mathematical model of a small-scale helicopter developed at "Universidad Politecnica of Madrid" as a part of VAMPIRA (Aerial Multi-sensor Vehicle for Autonomous Inspections) project. An analytical model of a small helicopter is presented as well as a statistical study about the influence of its main parameters. The stability and response of the model is presented after a brief comparison of different techniques for helicopters dynamic modeling. Different identification procedures are also presented. Accuracy of the model is verified by comparing real flight and simulation data obtained during the experiments
Trimethylamine N-Oxide: The Good, the Bad and the Unknown

Trimethylamine N-oxide (TMAO) is a small colorless amine oxide generated from choline, betaine, and carnitine by gut microbial metabolism. It accumulates in the tissue of marine animals in high concentrations and protects against the protein-destabilizing effects of urea. Plasma level of TMAO is determined by a number of factors including diet, gut microbial flora and liver flavin monooxygenase activity. In humans, a positive correlation between elevated plasma levels of TMAO and an increased risk for major adverse cardiovascular events and death is reported. The atherogenic effect of TMAO is attributed to alterations in cholesterol and bile acid metabolism, activation of inflammatory pathways and promotion foam cell formation. TMAO levels increase with decreasing levels of kidney function and is associated with mortality in patients with chronic kidney disease. A number of therapeutic strategies are being explored to reduce TMAO levels, including use of oral broad spectrum antibiotics, promoting the growth of bacteria that utilize TMAO as substrate and the development of target-specific molecules with varying level of success. Despite the accumulating evidence, it is questioned whether TMAO is the mediator of a bystander in the disease process. Thus, it is important to undertake studies examining the cellular signaling in physiology and pathological states in order to establish the role of TMAO in health and disease in humans.
Transcriptional and Metabolic Insights into the Differential Physiological Responses of Arabidopsis to Optimal and Supraoptimal Atmospheric CO2

Background In tightly closed human habitats such as space stations, locations near volcano vents and closed culture vessels, atmospheric CO2 concentration may be 10 to 20 times greater than Earth’s current ambient levels. It is known that super-elevated (SE) CO2 (>1,200 µmol mol−1) induces physiological responses different from that of moderately elevated CO2 (up to 1,200 µmol mol−1), but little is known about the molecular responses of plants to supra-optimal [CO2]. Methodology/Principal Findings To understand the underlying molecular causes for differential physiological responses, metabolite and transcript profiles were analyzed in aerial tissue of Arabidopsis plants, which were grown under ambient atmospheric CO2 (400 µmol mol−1), elevated CO2 (1,200 µmol mol−1) and SE CO2 (4,000 µmol mol−1), at two developmental stages early and late vegetative stage. Transcript and metabolite profiling revealed very different responses to elevated versus SE [CO2]. The transcript profiles of SE CO2 treated plants were closer to that of the control. Development stage had a clear effect on plant molecular response to elevated and SE [CO2]. Photosynthetic acclimation in terms of down-regulation of photosynthetic gene expression was observed in response to elevated [CO2], but not that of SE [CO2] providing the first molecular evidence that there appears to be a fundamental disparity in the way plants respond to elevated and SE [CO2]. Although starch accumulation was induced by both elevated and SE [CO2], the increase was less at the late vegetative stage and accompanied by higher soluble sugar content suggesting an increased starch breakdown to meet sink strength resulting from the rapid growth demand. Furthermore, many of the elevated and SE CO2-responsive genes found in the present study are also regulated by plant hormone and stress. Conclusions/Significance This study provides new insights into plant acclimation to elevated and SE [CO2] during development and how this relates to stress, sugar and hormone signaling.