Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Pulsar-Driven Jets in Supernovae, Gamma-Ray Bursts, and the Universe

The bipolarity of Supernova 1987A can be understood through its very early light curve from the CTIO 0.4 m telescope and IUE FES and following speckle observations of the “Mystery Spot”. These indicate a beam/jet of light/particles, with initial collimation factors g104 and velocities g0.95 c, involving up to 10−5 interacting with circumstellar material. These can be produced by a model of pulsar emission from polarization currents induced/(modulated faster than c) beyond the pulsar light cylinder by the periodic electromagnetic field (supraluminally induced polarization currents (SLIP)). SLIP accounts for the disruption of supernova progenitors and their anomalous dimming at cosmological distances, jets from Sco X-1 and SS 433, the lack/presence of pulsations from the high-/low-luminosity low-mass X-ray binaries, and long/short gamma-ray bursts, and it predicts that their afterglows are the pulsed optical-/near-infrared emission associated with these pulsars. SLIP may also account for the TeV e
Outdoor Localization Based on RSS Ranging Aided by Pedestrian Dead Reckoning in GPS Restricted Scenario

The dependence on Global Positioning System (GPS) in outdoor localization is increasing day by day. For the security/surveillance operations, location information is important for both command centers and field commanders. However, GPS information is difficult to use in case of GPS disturbances and GPS shaded area. In this paper, we propose a localization method for ad-hoc sensor network using Received Signal Strength (RSS) based ranging, Pedestrian Dead Reckoning (PDR) and last available GPS coordinates. Since the RSS based ranging error gets very large for some harsh environment and the cumulative error of PDR increases over time, each of two methods is difficult to be applied standalone for localization in prolonged outdoor environment. To provide reliable localization performance, we propose a fusion algorithm that complements the problems of two methods mentioned above. Moreover, we apply an empirical path loss model for three typical outdoor environments, comparing two methods with the proposed method, respectively. Simulation results show that our proposed method complements the absence of GPS update and presents better localization accuracy than when using only PDR or RSS based ranging.
ReAAP: A Reconfigurable and Algorithm-Oriented Array Processor With Compiler-Architecture Co-Design

Parallelism and data reuse are the most critical issues for the design of hardware acceleration in a deep learning processor. Besides, abundant on-chip memories and precise data management are intrinsic design requirements because most of deep learning algorithms are data-driven and memory-bound. In this paper, we propose a compiler-architecture co-design scheme targeting a reconfigurable and algorithm-oriented array processor, named ReAAP. Given specific deep neural networks, the proposed co-design scheme is effective to perform parallelism and data reuse optimization on compute-intensive layers for guiding reconfigurable computing in hardware. Especially, the systemic optimization is performed in our proposed domain-specific compiler to deal with the intrinsic tensions between parallelism and data locality, for the purpose of automatically mapping diverse layer-level workloads onto our proposed reconfigurable array architecture. In this architecture, abundant on-chip memories are software-controlled and its massive data access is precisely handled by compiler-generated instructions. In our experiments, the ReAAP is implemented on an embedded FPGA platform. Experimental results demonstrate that our proposed co-design scheme is effective to integrate software flexibility with hardware parallelism for accelerating diverse deep learning workloads. As a whole system, ReAAP achieves a consistently high utilization of hardware resource for accelerating all the diverse compute-intensive layers in ResNet, MobileNet, and BERT.
High-purity magnesium screws modulate macrophage polarization during the tendon–bone healing process in the anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction rabbit model

Abstract Magnesium (Mg) screws perform clinical potential in anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) reconstruction, and promote fibrocartilaginous entheses regeneration at the femoral entrance. We aim to prove that high-purity Magnesium (HP Mg) screws modulate macrophage polarization in fibrocartilage interface regeneration both in vitro and in vivo. HP Mg extracts performed good cytocompatibility and significantly promoted M2 macrophage polarization in the flow cytometry and ELISA assays. M2 macrophages stimulated fibrochondrocyte differentiation of co-cultured hBMSCs, and HP Mg extracts had synergistic effect on the process. Then we applied HP Mg screws, with Ti screws as control, in the ACL reconstruction rabbit model. In the histological and immunofluorescence analysis, HP Mg screws inhibited M1 polarization at 2 weeks and highly promoted M2 polarization at 2 and 4 weeks at the tendon–bone interface. Furthermore, regeneration of fibrocartilaginous entheses, rather than the fibrovascular scar interface, was detected in the HP Mg group at 12 weeks. For further mechanism study via RNA-seq detection and WB assays, we found that AKT1 was highly activated in M2 polarization, and HP Mg could stimulate AKT1 expression, rather than AKT2, in the early phase of tendon–bone healing. Our study elucidated macrophage polarization during tendon–bone healing process and emphasized HP Mg on M2 polarization and fibrocartilage interface regeneration via the selective activation of AKT1 and PI3K/AKT pathway.
Sub-threshold charm production in nuclear collisions

We present the first predictions for sub-threshold open charm and charmonium production in nuclear collisions. The production mechanism is driven by multi-step scatterings of nucleons and their resonance states, accumulating sufficient energy for the production of $J/\Psi$, $\Lambda_c + \overline{D}$ and $D+\overline{D}$. Our results are of particular importance for the CBM experiment at FAIR, as they indicate that already at the SIS100 accelerator one can expect a significant number of charmed hadrons to be produced. This opens new possibilities to explore charm dynamics and the formation of charmed nuclei.
FORMATION OF COLD FILAMENTARY STRUCTURE FROM WIND-BLOWN SUPERBUBBLES

The expansion and collision of two wind-blown superbubbles is investigated numerically. Our models go beyond previous simulations of molecular cloud formation from converging gas flows by exploring this process with realistic flow parameters, sizes, and timescales. The superbubbles are blown by time-dependent winds and supernova explosions, calculated from population synthesis models. They expand into a uniform or turbulent diffuse medium. We find that dense, cold gas clumps and filaments form naturally in the compressed collision zone of the two superbubbles. Their shapes resemble the elongated, irregular structure of observed cold, molecular gas filaments, and clumps. At the end of the simulations, between 65% and 80% of the total gas mass in our simulation box is contained in these structures. The clumps are found in a variety of physical states, ranging from pressure equilibrium with the surrounding medium to highly underpressured clumps with large irregular internal motions and structures which are rotationally supported.
An application of gauge theory to four-dimensional topology

Soit X une u-variete compacte reguliere simplement connexe orientee avec la propriete que la forme associee Q est definie positive. Alors cette forme est equivalente, sur les entiers, a la forme diagonale standard, soit dans une base: Q(u 1 ,u 2 ,.u 2 )=u 2 1 +u 2 2 +. +u 2 2
Static Control for Roll-to-Roll Manufacturing

Roll-to-Roll (R2R) manufacturing is used extensively in printing and flexible packaging industries. These commercially important markets exceeded $30B USD annually in the US in 2019 with employment of about 79,000. In addition, R2R operations are increasingly used to produce flexible electronic products and medical devices, which are easily damaged by electrostatic discharges (ESD). Many materials used in R2R operations such as polypropylene are insulating making them prone to accumulating static charges. Sparks from accumulated charges can ignite fires, injury employees, and damage products. Accumulated charges also cause static cling, which can disrupt machine operations. I estimate that waste caused by static electricity from injuries, damaged products, and machine downtime exceeds $600M USD annually in the US. This human suffering and waste may be eliminated by effective static control systems. Implementing effective static control on an R2R manufacturing line is a 4-step, data-driven process. First, identify sources of static charging with a static survey. Next, install static dissipaters forming a fault-tolerant, static control system. Once static dissipaters are operational, verify that static is well controlled with second static survey. Lastly, maintain static performance by regularly verifying static performance and by including static control in Management of Change procedures.
Collaborative Consumptions: An Analysis of Differing Perceptions and Behavior Intentions of Pakistani Consumers

The Intent of this study is to learn about Pakistani consumers' attitudes and behavior intentions concerning Collaborative consumption. For this Consumers’ Behavior expectation is taken as dependent variable whereas economic value, hedonic value symbolic value and social value is taken as independent variable with the mediating role of consumer attitude. Convenient sampling is used to take the responses of 400 people from the city of Karachi Pakistan. Initially respondent data and descriptive statistics are presented to overview the data. Reliability of data was checked through (Cronbach’s Alpha) tests. Finally, regression analysis was employed to check the relation of independent and dependent variable. The result showed that all independent variables have significant and positive impact on dependent variable. The result may aid the managers to engage, understand and address the views of collaborative consumption users.
The Kelvin–Helmholtz instability in weakly ionized plasmas: ambipolar-dominated and Hall-dominated flows

The Kelvin–Helmholtz instability is well known to be capable of converting well-ordered flows into more disordered, even turbulent, flows. As such it could represent a path by which the energy in, for example, bow shocks from stellar jets could be converted into turbulent energy thereby driving molecular cloud turbulence. We present the results of a suite of fully multifluid magnetohydrodynamic simulations of this instability using the hydra code. We investigate the behaviour of the instability in a Hall-dominated and an ambipolar diffusion dominated plasma as might be expected in certain regions of accretion discs and molecular clouds, respectively. We find that, while the linear growth rates of the instability are unaffected by multifluid effects, the non-linear behaviour is remarkably different with ambipolar diffusion removing large quantities of magnetic energy while the Hall effect, if strong enough, introduces a dynamo effect which leads to continuing strong growth of the magnetic field well into the non-linear regime and a lack of true saturation of the instability.
A Versatile & Adjustable 400 Node CMOS Oscillator Based Ising Machine to Investigate and Optimize the Internal Computing Principle

Oscillator-based Ising machines (OIMs) recently grow in interest. These OIMs can solve combinatorial optimization problems formulated as an Ising model. The computation principle is based on the interaction of configurable coupled oscillators, which represent discrete states of the optimization variables by their phase. In contrast to competing implementations like quantum computers or coherent Ising machines, OIMs are based on mature, well-established and therefore highly optimized silicon technologies. This silicon based approach allows close interaction with established electronics, avoiding sophisticated measurement electronics and delicate physical structures. Obtaining a good solution, especially for large problems, is one of the major challenges for the current integrated OIMs. The here proposed system serves as a versatile experimental platform to evaluate how the OIM computation is influenced and how it can be improved. Furthermore, the platform offers new OIM capabilities with up to 6-bit weighted optimization problems, 2 to 4 discrete states partially enabling the Potts model and fast phase readout.
A parallel space-time solver for Navier-Stokes

The purpose of this work is to investigate the performance of a parallel space-time approach for periodic problems, by using the shallow water equation and the incompressible Navier-Stokes equation as model problems. In the classical approach to solve such a problem, the transient behavior of the fluid is simulated starting from an arbitrary initial state. This time-marching simulation is continued until some periodic steady-state evolves. In our approach, we solve directly for the full field over a whole period of the fundamental oscillation. We impose periodic boundary conditions in time. The discretization of the model problems by finite differences in space and time lead to a very large nonlinear system of equations that requires parallel solution. This nonlinear system entails a high potential for parallelization, not only in space but also in time. The non-linear system is solved by Newton’s iteration method. The Newton corrections are determined iteratively by the preconditioned GMRES method. The performance of this approach is illustrated on a number of numerical experiments.
Bias analysis for DOA estimation algorithms

A statistical analysis using perturbation expansion is applied to the DOA estimation bias for ESPRIT, state-space realization (TAM), and matrix-pencil algorithms, assuming that only a finite amount of array data is available. The authors have obtained an analytical expression for the bias in a simple and self-contained fashion. The tractable formula provides insight into the algorithms. Simulation results verify the analytically predicted performance. <<ETX>>
The Impact of Gender Diversity on Employees’ Work Performance: The Mediating role of Interpersonal Conflict

Building upon institutional, this paper seeks to understand the relationship of gender diversity and employee’s work performance. Specifically, this paper makes a case for interpersonal conflict to mediate the relationship between gender diversity and employee performance. The research is based on survey data from 240 professionals of the Pakistan's private and public hospitals. As per the study’s findings, there is a substantial positive association between gender diversity and employee performance. Further, the study`s results have also established the fact that interpersonal conflict is also a vital intervening mechanism to establish the relationship between gender diversity and employee performance.
Pre-main-sequence binaries with tidally disrupted discs: the Brγ in HD 104237

Active pre-main-sequence binaries with separations of around 10 stellar radii present a wealth of phenomena unobserved in common systems. The study of these objects is extended from classical T Tauri stars to the Herbig Ae star HD 104237. The primary has a mass 2.2 ± 0.2 M� and secondary 1.4 ± 0.3 M� . Spectrointerferometry with the VLTI/AMBER in the K-band continuum and the Brγ line is presented. It is found that the K-band continuum squared visibilities are compatible with a circumbinary disc with a radius of ∼0.5 AU. However, a significant fraction (∼50 per cent) of the flux is unresolved and not fully accounted by the stellar photospheres. The stars probably do not hold circumstellar discs, in addition to the circumbinary disc, due to the combined effects of inner magnetospheric truncation and outer tidal truncation. This unresolved flux likely arises in compact structures inside the tidally disrupted circumbinary disc. Most (90 per cent) of the Brγ line emission is unresolved. The line-to-continuum spectroastrometry shifts in time, along the direction of the Lyα jet known to be driven by the system. The shift is anticorrelated with the Brγ equivalent width. It is shown that the unresolved Brγ emission cannot originate in the jet but instead is compatible with stellar emission from the orbiting binary components. The increase in the absolute value of the equivalent width of the line takes place at periastron passage; it could arise in an accretion burst, a flare or in the increase in effective size of the emission region by the interaction of the magnetospheres. The binary longitude of the ascending node is found to be � = (235 ± 3) ◦ and the orbit retrograde. The origin of the jet is revisited. The tidal disruption of the circumstellar discs creates difficulties to ejection models that rely on stellar magnetosphere and disc coupling. A scenario of a stellar wind collimated by a circumbinary disc wind is suggested.
Quantum Monte Carlo Calculations for Carbon Nanotubes

We show how lattice Quantum Monte Carlo can be applied to the electronic properties of carbon nanotubes in the presence of strong electron-electron correlations. We employ the path-integral formalism and use methods developed within the lattice QCD community for our numerical work. Our lattice Hamiltonian is closely related to the hexagonal Hubbard model augmented by a long-range electron-electron interaction. We apply our method to the single-quasiparticle spectrum of the (3,3) armchair nanotube configuration, and consider the effects of strong electron-electron correlations. Our approach is equally applicable to other nanotubes, as well as to other carbon nanostructures. We benchmark our Monte Carlo calculations against the two- and four-site Hubbard models, where a direct numerical solution is feasible.
Design and Simulation of Single-Phase Multilevel Inverter with Crossover Switching cell

In this paper a multilevel inverter with cross over switching cells is proposed in order to yield maximum number of voltage levels. The voltage sources combined with capacitor by cross over switches provides the required voltage levels and the capacitor voltage is regulated using a voltage control loop based on PI controller. The number of voltage levels generated in this are 11 with two voltage sources and a capacitor. The proposed system is simulated in MATLAB/Simulink software.
Evolution of linear perturbations in Lemaítre-Tolman-Bondi void models

We study the evolution of linear perturbations in a Lemaítre-Tolman-Bondi (LTB) void model with realistic cosmological initial conditions. Linear perturbation theory in LTB models is substantially more complicated than in standard Friedmann universes as the inhomogeneous background causes gauge-invariant perturbations couple at first order. As shown by Clarkson et al. (2009) [1], the evolution is constrained by a system of linear partial differential equations which need to be integrated numerically. We present a new numerical scheme using finite element methods to solve this equation system and generate scalar initial conditions based on Gaussian random fields with an underlying power spectrum for the Bardeen potential. After spherical harmonic decomposition, the initial fluctuations are propagated in time and estimates of angular power spectra of each gauge invariant variable are computed as functions of redshift. This allows to analyse the coupling strength in a statistical way. We find significant couplings up to 25% for large and deep voids of Gpc scale as required to fit the distance redshift relations of SNe.
Removing shadows from color images

This thesis is concerned with the derivation of a shadow-free image representation. We propose several methods of automatically removing and detecting shadows in a color image. Our methods stem from the illuminant invariant theory which requires a camera calibration step to find the direction of illumination changes. In our work, instead of a camera calibration we aim at finding this direction from evidence in the color image itself. Specifically, we recognize that producing a 1-d projection in the correct invariant direction which is orthogonal to the direction of changes of illumination, will result in a 1-d distribution of pixel values that have smaller entropy than projecting in the wrong direction. To be able to develop an effective description of the entropy-minimization task, we go over to the quadratic entropy, rather than Shannon's definition. Replacing the observed pixels with a kernel density probability distribution, the quadratic entropy can be written as a very simple formulation, and can be evaluated using the efficient Fast Gauss Transform. The entropy is more insensitive to quantization than is the usual definition. The shadow removal step produces good shadow-free color image results whenever strong shadow edges are present in the image. In almost every case studied, entropy has a strong minimum for the invariant direction, revealing a new property of image formation. Shadow detection per se is an important step in image analysis. We propose a method of detecting not just strong shadow edges but indeed entire shadow regions in the image taken under ambient light. We argue that the difference in a log domain of the flash image and the ambient image gives a very simple feature space consisting of two components - one in an illuminant-change 3-vector direction, and one along the gray axis. This space provides excellent separation of the shadow and nonshadow areas. We propose a method for efficient ambient illuminant estimation using the flash image. We design a novel white balance scheme which uses the white patch under the estimated illuminant as reference white color for balancing images. Keyword. Shadow, color image processing, vision, illuminant, digital camera.
Analysis and Design of Low-Loss and Fast All-Optical Switch Elements on Silicon Nitride for Integrated Quantum Photonics

Fast and ultra-low loss single-photon switching and routing are essential for photonic quantum computation and communication. To address this need in a scalable fashion, all-optical switches that can be fabricated in an ultra-low loss and mature Si$_{3}$N$_{4}$ photonic integrated circuit (PIC) foundry platform are designed and optimized for sub-ns switching times suitable for deterministic quantum-dot single-photon sources. The working principle relies on cross-phase modulation (XPM) of the single photons with a 1550-nm pump pulse and is enhanced by a ring resonator. Two different designs of the primary switch element are theoretically studied, namely a ring resonator intensity switch (RRIS) based on resonance shifting due to XPM and a ring resonator phase switch (RRPS) acting as an all-optical phase shifter in a Mach–Zehnder interferometer. As a novel approach to speed up the switching, chirped pre-emphasis and wipe sections for the pump pulses are utilized. A design tool is established from analytical expressions and serves as starting point for further optimization using a dedicated travelling-wave model (TWM). The TWM demonstrates the feasibility of both designs to be driven by either the proposed pre-emphasis pulse shape or a train of chirped Gaussian pulses. While the RRPS turns out to require less pump energy, its operation is more sensitive to pump-power fluctuations. Insertion losses below 0.1 dB and a power consumption below 5 nJ at 1 GHz switching rates for both configurations prove the potential of this concept for scalable quantum photonic applications.
Homogenization models for two-dimensional grid structures

Banks, H.T. , Cioranescu, D. and D.A. Rebnord, Homogenization models for two-dimensional grid structures, Asymptotic Analysis 11 (1995) 107-130. A Love-Kirchhoff perforated plate or grid with Kelvin-Voigt damping is considered. The grid contains periodic rectangular holes. Detailed mathematical arguments for the derivation of an approximate homogenized model on a domain without perforations are given.