Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
New Applications of Exp-function Method for Solving A Complex Nonlinear Evolution Equations

Here, Exp-function method with the aid of symbolic computational system Maple is used to for constructing the new exact solutions of some nonlinear evolution equations arising in mathematical physics, namely, coupled Higgs equations and Maccari derived a new integrable (2+1)-dimensional nonlinear system. It is shown that the Exp -function method provides a straightforward and important mathematical tool for nonlinear evolution equations in physics.
Linking gas, particulate, and toxic endpoints to air emissions in the Community Regional Atmospheric Chemistry Multiphase Mechanism (CRACMM)

Abstract. Chemical mechanisms describe the atmospheric transformations of organic and inorganic species and connect air emissions to secondary species such as ozone, fine particles, and hazardous air pollutants (HAPs) like formaldehyde. Recent advances in our understanding of several chemical systems and shifts in the drivers of atmospheric chemistry warrant updates to mechanisms used in chemical transport models such as the Community Multiscale Air Quality (CMAQ) modeling system. This work builds on the Regional Atmospheric Chemistry Mechanism version 2 (RACM2) and develops the Community Regional Atmospheric Chemistry Multiphase Mechanism (CRACMM) version 1.0, which demonstrates a fully coupled representation of chemistry leading to ozone and secondary organic aerosol (SOA) with consideration of HAPs. CRACMMv1.0 includes 178 gas-phase species, 51 particulate species, and 508 reactions spanning gas-phase and heterogeneous pathways. To support estimation of health risks associated with HAPs, nine species in CRACMM cover 50 % of the total cancer and 60 % of the total non-cancer emission-weighted toxicity estimated for primary HAPs from anthropogenic and biomass burning sources in the US, with the coverage of toxicity higher (> 80 %) when secondary formaldehyde and acrolein are considered. In addition, new mechanism species were added based on the importance of their emissions for the ozone, organic aerosol, or atmospheric burden of total reactive organic carbon (ROC): sesquiterpenes, furans, propylene glycol, alkane-like low- to intermediate-volatility organic compounds (9 species), low- to intermediate-volatility oxygenated species (16 species), intermediate-volatility aromatic hydrocarbons (2 species), and slowly reacting organic carbon. Intermediate- and lower-volatility organic compounds were estimated to increase the coverage of anthropogenic and biomass burning ROC emissions by 40 % compared to current operational mechanisms. Autoxidation, a gas-phase reaction particularly effective in producing SOA, was added for C10 and larger alkanes, aromatic hydrocarbons, sesquiterpenes, and monoterpene systems including second-generation aldehydes. Integrating the radical and SOA chemistry put additional constraints on both systems and enabled the implementation of previously unconsidered SOA pathways from phenolic and furanone compounds, which were predicted to account for ∼ 30 % of total aromatic hydrocarbon SOA under typical atmospheric conditions. CRACMM organic aerosol species were found to span the atmospherically relevant range of species carbon number, number of oxygens per carbon, and oxidation state with a slight high bias in the number of hydrogens per carbon. In total, 11 new emitted species were implemented as precursors to SOA compared to current CMAQv5.3. 3 representations, resulting in a bottom-up prediction of SOA, which is required for accurate source attribution and the design of control strategies. CRACMMv1.0 is available in CMAQv5.4.
Copper-Based Diamond-like Thermoelectric Compounds: Looking Back and Stepping Forward

The research on thermoelectric (TE) materials has a long history. Holding the advantages of high elemental abundance, lead-free and easily tunable transport properties, copper-based diamond-like (CBDL) thermoelectric compounds have attracted extensive attention from the thermoelectric community. The CBDL compounds contain a large number of representative candidates for thermoelectric applications, such as CuInGa2, Cu2GeSe3, Cu3SbSe4, Cu12SbSe13, etc. In this study, the structure characteristics and TE performances of typical CBDLs were briefly summarized. Several common synthesis technologies and effective strategies to improve the thermoelectric performances of CBDL compounds were introduced. In addition, the latest developments in thermoelectric devices based on CBDL compounds were discussed. Further developments and prospects for exploring high-performance copper-based diamond-like thermoelectric materials and devices were also presented at the end.
Nonlinear vibration of piezoelectric nanoplates using nonlocal Mindlin plate theory

ABSTRACT This article investigates the nonlinear vibration of piezoelectric nanoplate with combined thermo-electric loads under various boundary conditions. The piezoelectric nanoplate model is developed by using the Mindlin plate theory and nonlocal theory. The von Karman type nonlinearity and nonlocal constitutive relationships are employed to derive governing equations through Hamilton's principle. The differential quadrature method is used to discretize the governing equations, which are then solved through a direct iterative method. A detailed parametric study is conducted to examine the effects of the nonlocal parameter, external electric voltage, and temperature rise on the nonlinear vibration characteristics of piezoelectric nanoplates.
AN EFFICIENT ALGORITHM FOR MODELLING NONLINEAR BEHAVIOR OF REINFORCED CONCRETE BEAMS USING MACRO ELEMENTS

: In this research, a simple and efficient algorithm is presented to accomplish nonlinear analysis for reinforced concrete (RC) beams using fibre method concepts. Nonlinear matrix analysis method based on the assessment of stresses with failure surface is utilized. In modelling the members, macro elements are used. Failure surfaces are established on different behaviors in compression and tension for concrete and elastic-perfect-plastic behavior for steel bars. To verify the accuracy of this algorithm, the experimental and ANSYS results are compared with those obtained by the proposed algorithm. Remarkable compatibility with diversity less than 6%, in the most critical situation, is gained between numerical predictions and experimental datas, demonstrating the reliability of the proposed alghorithm.
Tumor Sink Effect with Prostate-Specific Membrane Antigen-Targeted Theranostics in Patients with Metastatic Castration-Resistant Prostate Cancer: Intra-Individual Evaluations

Simple Summary The toxicity and dosing of radioligand therapy (RLT) of metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer (mCRPC) may be impacted by the “tumor sink effect”. This phenomenon occurs when a bulky tumor accumulates so much radiopharmaceutical that uptake of the agent significantly decreases in healthy organs-at-risk of radiation-related damage. We assessed the tumor sink effects of prostate-specific membrane antigen (PSMA)-targeted radiopharmaceuticals via three within-patient comparisons in 33 men with mCRPC given two cycles of lutetium-177-PSMA-617 RLT. The comparisons involved changes in the relationships between total lesion PSMA, reflecting the body’s overall tumor burden, and/or the mean standardized uptake value, reflecting radiopharmaceutical accumulation, in the parotid salivary glands, spleen, liver, and kidney. Tumor sink effects were found in the salivary glands and spleen, and possibly the liver. These findings support everyday use and additional study of individualized lutetium-177-PSMA-617 activities adjusted based on tumor burden changes over the course of RLT in men with advanced prostate cancer, to try to improve the efficacy/toxicity ratio. Abstract “Tumor sink effects”, decreased physiological uptake of radiopharmaceuticals due to sequestration by a tumor, may impact radioligand therapy (RLT) toxicity and dosing. We investigated these effects with prostate-specific membrane antigen (PSMA)-targeted radiopharmaceuticals in the healthy organs-at-risk (the parotid glands, kidneys, liver, and spleen) of 33 patients with metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer (mCRPC). We retrospectively performed three intra-individual comparisons. First, we correlated changes from baseline to post-RLT (after two 177-lutetium (177Lu)-PSMA-617 cycles) in total lesional PSMA (∆TLP) and organ mean standardized uptake values (∆SUVmean). Second, in 25 RLT responders, we compared the organ SUVmean post-RLT versus that at baseline. Lastly, we correlated the baseline TLP and organ SUVmean. Data were acquired via 68-gallium-PSMA-11 positron emission tomography before the first and after the second 177Lu-PSMA-617 cycle. In the parotid glands and spleen, ∆TLP and ∆SUVmean showed a significant inverse correlation (r = −0.40, p = 0.023 and r = −0.36, p = 0.042, respectively). Additionally, in those tissues, the median organ SUVmean rose significantly from baseline after the response to RLT (p ≤ 0.022), and the baseline TLP and SUVmean were significantly negatively correlated (r = −0.44, p = 0.01 and r = −0.42, p = 0.016, respectively). These observations suggest tumor sink effects with PSMA-targeted radiopharmaceuticals in the salivary glands and spleen of patients with mCRPC.
Gene Expression Profiling of Classically Activated Macrophages in Leishmania infantum Infection: Response to Metabolic Pre-Stimulus with Itaconic Acid

Leishmania infection of phagocytic cells, such as macrophages, induces the differentiation of infected cells into different phenotypes according to their surrounding microenvironments. The classical activation of macrophages involves metabolic reprogramming, in which several metabolites such as succinate, fumarate and itaconate are accumulated. The immunoregulatory functions of itaconate in the context of Leishmania infection were investigated in this paper. Ex vivo bone marrow-derived macrophages were differentiated into classically activated macrophages through IFNG activation and infection with Leishmania infantum. A high-throughput real-time qPCR experiment was designed for the analyses of 223 genes involved in immune response and metabolism. The transcriptional profile of classically activated macrophages revealed the enrichment of the IFNG response pathways and the upregulation of genes such as Cxcl9, Irf1, Acod1, Il12b, Il12rb1, Nos2 or Stat1. In vitro pre-stimulation with itaconate induced a loss of the parasite control and the upregulation of genes related to local acute inflammatory response. Our results reveal that itaconate accumulation dampened classically activated macrophage antiparasitic activity, and this is reflected by the differential expression of the Il12b, Icosl and Mki67 genes. The possibility of inducing parasite-killing responses in the host through metabolic reprograming is an interesting approach for the treatment of Leishmania infections that will undoubtedly attract increasing attention in the coming years.
Resistance genes of Neisseria gonorrhoeae to cefixime and azithromycin

Gonorrhea is the second most common sexually transmitted bacterial infection (STI), following Chlamydia. Neisseria gonorrhoeae resistant to antibiotics are increasing globally in the world. In recent years, many studies have reported reduced susceptibility of N.gonorrhoeae to almost all clinically useful antibiotics and also reported cases of multi-resistance. Resistance mechanisms for N. gonorrhoeae can occur through genetic and non-genetic changes. Resistance to cefixime and azithromycin as first-line antibiotics for monotherapy recommended by the World Health Organization (WHO) has been reported from several countries. Genetic changes were reported as the main cause of N.gonorrhoeae resistance to cefixime and azithromycin. Based on the WHO and the United States Centers for Disease Control and Prevention recommendations, countries are increasingly using a combination of cephalosporin and azithromycin for the treatment of gonorrhea. The aim of this review is to analyze genetic variation of N.gonorrhoeae resistance to cefixime and azithromycin. Articles published in English in the last 12 years (from 2010 to 2021) were retrieved from Science Direct, PubMed, Springerlink, Oxford and Nature using relevant searching terms. Mutants of cefixime-resistant N.gonorrhoeae are mediated by mosaic and non-mosaic penA genes encoding penicillin binding protein 2. In addition, mutations in the repressor and promoter genes of mtrR were also found that caused overexpression of the microbial efflux pump. Meanwhile, N. gonorrhoeae resistance to azithromycin reportedly occurs through two strategies, namely overexpression of the efflux pump (mutation of the mtrR codon region) and decreased affinity for antibiotics (single base mutation in the 23S rRNA gene). With the limited choice of antibiotics for the management of N.gonorrhoeae, it is necessary to do regular surveillance for monitoring drug resistance. By understanding the mechanism of resistance, the use of these antibiotics can be rationally optimized.
Phonon Dispersion in Superionic Copper Selenide: Observation of Soft Phonon Modes in Superionic Phase Transition

This paper reports lattice dynamical measurements of Cu 1.8 Se superionic conductor in the superionic α-phase at ambient temperature. Measurements of phonon dispersion curves were performed with the new triple-axis spectrometer, TAIPAN, at the OPAL reactor. We found that TA [100], TA [111] and TA 1 [110] phonon branches demonstrate a decrease in frequency at wavevectors q > 0.5 rather than the flattening observed previously. Results are compared with calculated density functional theoretical calculations showing the presence of unstable soft mode related to ordering of Cu atoms observed in Cu 1.8 Se at room temperature followed by α–β phase transition at a lower temperature. Superstructure arising from the ordering causes effects similar to the folding of the Brillouin zone, although phonon intensities at new Brillouin zone centres are weak. The coupling of low-energy phonon modes with displacement of mobile ions can explain the strong damping of phonons at q > 0.5 observed in the experiment.
VacancySBERT: the approach for representation of titles and skills for semantic similarity search in the recruitment domain

The paper focuses on deep learning semantic search algorithms applied in the HR domain. The aim of the article is developing a novel approach to training a Siamese network to link the skills mentioned in the job ad with the title. It has been shown that the title normalization process can be based either on classification or similarity comparison approaches. While classification algorithms strive to classify a sample into predefined set of categories, similarity search algorithms take a more flexible approach, since they are designed to find samples that are similar to a given query sample, without requiring pre-defined classes and labels. In this article semantic similarity search to find candidates for title normalization has been used. A pre-trained language model has been adapted while teaching it to match titles and skills based on co-occurrence information. For the purpose of this research fifty billion titledescriptions pairs had been collected for training the model and thirty three thousand title-description-normalized title triplets, where normalized job title was picked up manually by job ad creator for testing purposes. As baselines FastText, BERT, SentenceBert and JobBert have been used. As a metric of the accuracy of the designed algorithm is Recall in top one, five and ten model’s suggestions. It has been shown that the novel training objective lets it achieve significant improvement in comparison to other generic and specific text encoders. Two settings with treating titles as standalone strings, and with included skills as additional features during inference have been used and the results have been compared in this article. Improvements by 10 % and 21.5 % have been achieved using VacancySBERT and VacancySBERT (with skills) respectively. The benchmark has been developed as open-source to foster further research in the area
Characterization and optimization of images acquired by a compact soft X-ray microscope based on a double stream gas-puff target source

Using a table-top size soft X-ray (SXR) microscope, based on a laser plasma source with a double stream gas-puff target and a Fresnel zone plate objective, series of images of test samples were acquired. Characterization and optimization of the acquisition parameters were studied and evaluated in terms of signal to noise ratio (SNR). Conclusions for the optimization of SXR imaging were reached. Similar SNR measurements might be performed to characterize other SXR imaging systems as well. Software enabling live calculation of the SNR during the image acquisition might be introduced in future in the compact imaging systems for optimal image acquisition or for benchmarking purposes.
Everything Old Can Be New Again: Reinvigorating Theory Borrowing for the Digital Age

It has been argued that the theory borrowing practices in IS research have become workmanlike—appropriate and effective, but lacking innovation. This concern is particularly salient at a time when digital phenomena are profoundly transforming society. Therefore, it is legitimate to ask: Are our theory borrowing practices hampering our ability to grapple with revolutionary developments in IS, and if so, what can be done? Through an investigation of the field’s borrowing of transaction cost economics theory, we find extant IS research largely (1) borrows for theory testing within the IS context, (2) develops models that uninspiringly reflect the borrowed theory, and (3) treats the IS as an exogenous actor. In this article, we propose an alternative approach to theory borrowing, inspired by conceptual blending theory. Our approach focuses on the structural nature of IS phenomena and borrowed theories. Such a structure-based approach can reveal correspondence between IS phenomena and unexpected reference theories while also highlighting discrepancies that serve as an opportunity for novel integrations of an information system into the reference theory. We contend that this approach can infuse flexibility into our theory borrowing practices in ways that will increase our capacity for developing innovative explanations of emerging phenomena.
Hypericin Ameliorates Depression-like Behaviors via Neurotrophin Signaling Pathway Mediating m6A Epitranscriptome Modification

Hypericin, one of the major antidepressant constituents of St. John’s wort, was shown to exert antidepressant effects by affecting cerebral CYP enzymes, serotonin homeostasis, and neuroinflammatory signaling pathways. However, its exact mechanisms are unknown. Previous clinical studies reported that the mRNA modification N6-methyladenosine (m6A) interferes with the neurobiological mechanism in depressed patients, and it was also found that the antidepressant efficacy of tricyclic antidepressants (TCAs) is related to m6A modifications. Therefore, we hypothesize that the antidepressant effect of hypericin may relate to the m6A modification of epitranscriptomic regulation. We constructed a UCMS mouse depression model and found that hypericin ameliorated depressive-like behavior in UCMS mice. Molecular pharmacology experiments showed that hypericin treatment upregulated the expression of m6A-modifying enzymes METTL3 and WTAP in the hippocampi of UCMS mice. Next, we performed MeRIP-seq and RNA-seq to study m6A modifications and changes in mRNA expression on a genome-wide scale. The genome-wide m6A assay and MeRIP-qPCR results revealed that the m6A modifications of Akt3, Ntrk2, Braf, and Kidins220 mRNA were significantly altered in the hippocampi of UCMS mice after stress stimulation and were reversed by hypericin treatment. Transcriptome assays and qPCR results showed that the Camk4 and Arhgdig genes might be related to the antidepressant efficacy of hypericin. Further gene enrichment results showed that the differential genes were mainly involved in neurotrophic factor signaling pathways. In conclusion, our results show that hypericin upregulates m6A methyltransferase METTL3 and WTAP in the hippocampi of UCMS mice and stabilizes m6A modifications to exert antidepressant effects via the neurotrophin signaling pathway. This suggests that METTL3 and WTAP-mediated changes in m6A modifications may be a potential mechanism for the pathogenesis of depression and the efficacy of antidepressants, and that the neurotrophin signaling pathway plays a key role in this process.
Karyotypic and Molecular Analysis of Pterygoplichthys pardalis (Castelnau 1855) from the Lower Amazon River

Simple Summary This article discusses genetic traits (chromosomes, mtDNA) of the Amazon sailfin catfish. Domesticated fish of this species escaped from aquariums to establish invasive populations in large areas of North America and Asia. In Brazil, this species is an important fishery resource and a potential for fish farm management and production. Its karyotype showed 52 chromosomes with a similar conservative gross morphology to that of related species. The Cytochrome Oxidase I (COI) gene revealed a low molecular divergence between native and exotic populations. Abstract Pterygoplichthys pardalis is an armored catfish native to South America and an important resource for the ornamental fish industry. Recently, several exotic populations have been introduced into rivers on five continents. Despite its commercial and environmental importance, P. pardalis is poorly studied from a genetic perspective. In this study, we analyzed the karyotype of P. pardalis from the Amazon River and molecular variations in the mitochondrial gene Cytochrome oxidase I (COI) between native and exotic populations. The karyotype presented diploid number 2n = 52 and NF = 100 without cytogenetic variation between males and females. Nucleolus organizer regions (Ag-NOR) in the distal region of the long arm of pair 12 coincided with the 18S hybridization signal, whereas 5S was syntenic to this chromosome but localized in the short arm. The constitutive heterochromatin was restricted in the distal regions of pairs 4, 12, 25, and 26. Telomeric probes showed only distal hybridization signals. The karyotype of P. pardalis diverged from that of its congeners, and COI molecular variation revealed four haplotypes. The Philippine population revealed the greatest diversity with three haplotypes, while haplotype H1 was the most abundant and observed in both native and exotic populations. This new genetic data contributes to species management and provides useful information from an aquaculture perspective.
Recent Advances in Polymer Composites for Flexible Pressure Sensors

Pressure sensors show significant potential applications in health monitoring, bio-sensing, electronic skin, and tactile perception. Consequently, tremendous research interest has been devoted to the development of high-performance pressure sensors. In this paper, recent progress on the polymer composite-based flexible pressure sensor is reviewed. The parameters of pressure sensors, including sensitivity, linear response range, detection limit, response speed, and reliability, are first introduced. Secondly, representative types of pressure sensors and relevant working principles are introduced and discussed. After that, the applications in human physiology monitoring, health monitoring, artificial skin, and self-powered smart system are listed and discussed in detail. Finally, the remaining challenges and outlook of polymer composite-based flexible sensors are summarized at the end of this review paper. This work should have some impact on the development of high-performance flexible pressure sensors.