Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Blockchain-Enhanced Federated Learning Market With Social Internet of Things

The machine learning performance usually could be improved by training with massive data. However, requesters can only select a subset of devices with limited training data to execute federated learning (FL) tasks as a result of their limited budgets in today’s IoT scenario. To resolve this pressing issue, we devise a blockchain-enhanced FL market (BFL) to <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$(i)$ </tex-math></inline-formula> make data in computationally bounded devices available for training with social Internet of things, <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$(ii)$ </tex-math></inline-formula> maximize the amount of training data with given budgets for an FL task, and <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$(iii)$ </tex-math></inline-formula> decentralize the FL market with blockchain. To achieve these goals, we firstly propose a trust-enhanced collaborative learning strategy (TCL) and a quality-oriented task allocation algorithm (QTA), where TCL enables training data sharing among trusted devices with social Internet of things, and QTA allocates suitable devices to execute FL tasks while maximizing the training quality with fixed budgets. Then, we devise an encrypted model training scheme (EMT) based on a simple but countervailable differential privacy methodology to prevent attacks from malicious devices. In addition, we also propose a contribution-driven delegated proof of stake (DPoS) consensus mechanism to guarantee the fairness of reward distribution in the block generation process. Finally, extensive evaluations are conducted to verify the proposed BFL could improve the total utility of requesters and average accuracy of FL models significantly.
Ultrafast dynamics of coherent intersubband polarizations in quantum wells and quantum cascade laser structures

In this thesis we investigate the ultrafast dynamics of carriers and coherent intersubband polarizations in quasi-two-dimensional semiconductor nanostructures and devices. In particular, we study n-type modulation doped multiple quantum wells and quantum cascade laser structures based on the GaAs/AlGaAs material system using ultrafast spectroscopy in the mid-infrared spectral range (3-20 mu). A novel experimental setup is developed allowing for the first time the controlled phase and amplitude shaping of ultrafast field transients in the mid-infrared wavelength range. We study the feasibility of coherent nonlinear control of intersubband polarizations. Amplitude and phase-controlled mid-infrared field transients from our new laser source induce resonant intersubband excitations in n-type modulation doped GaAs/AlGaAs quantum wells. The transmitted electric field transients are directly measured by ultrafast electrooptic sampling. We demonstrate for the first time coherent control of linear intersubband polarizations with subpicosecond dephasing times by applying two phase-locked pulses with variable relative phase. A saturation of the intersubband excitation by more than 0.2 is achieved with mid-infrared pulses of only 1 pJ pulse energy. We present for the first time a direct time-resolved experimental study on electrically driven quantum cascade laser structures. These studies provide insight into the dynamics of electron transport, which can not be obtained by stationary measurements. The ultrafast quantum transport of electrons from the injector through the injection barrier into the upper laser subband is investigated in femtosecond mid-infrared pump-probe experiments. In this way we directly monitor the ultrafast saturation and subsequent recovery of electrically induced gain. For forward bias and spectral positions around the gain maximum we observe pronounced gain oscillations. This gives direct evidence for a coherent wave packet motion from the injector into the upper laser subband via resonant tunneling even at the high electron density present in a quantum cascade laser structure. After saturation the electrically induced gain is completely recovered within 1 ps at low lattice and carrier temperatures.
Approximation methods and applications

Schr#x00F6 dinger Theory from a #x201C Newtonian#x201D Perspective. - Quantal Density Functional Theory. - New Perspectives on Hohenberg#x2013 Kohn#x2013 Sham Density Functional Theory. - Nonuniqueness of the Effective Potential Energy and Wave Function in Quantal Density Functional Theory. - Approximations Within Quantal Density Functional Theory. - Analytical Asymptotic Structure in the Classically Forbidden Region of Atoms. - Analytical Asymptotic Structure At and Near the Nucleus of Atoms. - Application of the Q-DFT Hartree Uncorrelated Approximation to Atoms. - Application of the Q-DFT Pauli Correlated Approximation to Atoms and Negative Ions. - Quantal Density Functional Theory of the Density Amplitude: Application to Atoms. - Application of the Irrotational Component Approximation to Nonspherical Density Atoms. - Application of Q-DFT to Atoms in Excited States. - Application of the Multi-Component Q-DFT Pauli Approximation to the Anion#x2013 Positron Complex: Energies, Positron and Positronium Affinities. - Application of the Q-DFT Fully Correlated Approximation to the Helium Atom. - Application of the Q-DFT Fully Correlated Approximation to the Hydrogen Molecule. - Application of Q-DFT to the Metal#x2013 Vacuum Interface. - Many-Body and Pseudo M#x00F8 ller-Plesset Perturbation Theory within Quantal Density Functional Theory. - Epilogue.
Relationship between genome‐wide and MHC class I and II genetic diversity and complementarity in a nonhuman primate

Abstract Although mate choice is expected to favor partners with advantageous genetic properties, the relative importance of genome‐wide characteristics, such as overall heterozygosity or kinship, versus specific loci, is unknown. To disentangle genome‐wide and locus‐specific targets of mate choice, we must first understand congruence in global and local variation within the same individual. This study compares genetic diversity, both absolute and relative to other individuals (i.e., complementarity), assessed across the genome to that found at the major histocompatibility complex (MHC), a hyper‐variable gene family integral to immune system function and implicated in mate choice across species. Using DNA from 22 captive olive baboons (Papio anubis), we conducted double digest restriction site‐associated DNA sequencing to estimate genome‐wide heterozygosity and kinship, and sequenced two class I and two class II MHC loci. We found that genome‐wide diversity was not associated with MHC diversity, and that diversity at class I MHC loci was not correlated with diversity at class II loci. Additionally, kinship was a significant predictor of the number of MHC alleles shared between dyads at class II loci. Our results provide further evidence of the strong selective pressures maintaining genetic diversity at the MHC in comparison to other randomly selected sites throughout the genome. Furthermore, our results indicate that class II MHC disassortative mate choice may mediate inbreeding avoidance in this population. Our study suggests that mate choice favoring genome‐wide genetic diversity is not always synonymous with mate choice favoring MHC diversity, and highlights the importance of controlling for kinship when investigating MHC‐associated mate choice.
Nonclassical motional states of a trapped atom

Summary form only given. We report the creation of thermal, Fock, coherent, squeezed, and Schrodinger cat states of motion of a single /sup 9/Be/sup +/ atomic ion that is confined in a Paul-rf trap. The thermal state of motion is created by Doppler cooling on the 313 nm transition. The other states are coherently prepared from an ion that has first been placed in the zero-point motional state through resolved sideband laser cooling by use of stimulated Raman transitions.
WEIGHING GALAXY CLUSTERS WITH GAS. I. ON THE METHODS OF COMPUTING HYDROSTATIC MASS BIAS

Mass estimates of galaxy clusters from X-ray and Sunyeav–Zel'dovich observations assume the intracluster gas is in hydrostatic equilibrium with their gravitational potential. However, since galaxy clusters are dynamically active objects whose dynamical states can deviate significantly from the equilibrium configuration, the departure from the hydrostatic equilibrium assumption is one of the largest sources of systematic uncertainties in cluster cosmology. In the literature there have been two methods for computing the hydrostatic mass bias based on the Euler and the modified Jeans equations, respectively, and there has been some confusion about the validity of these two methods. The word “Jeans” was a misnomer, which incorrectly implies that the gas is collisionless. To avoid further confusion, we instead refer these methods as “summation” and “averaging” methods respectively. In this work, we show that these two methods for computing the hydrostatic mass bias are equivalent by demonstrating that the equation used in the second method can be derived from taking spatial averages of the Euler equation. Specifically, we identify the correspondences of individual terms in these two methods mathematically and show that these correspondences are valid to within a few percent level using hydrodynamical simulations of galaxy cluster formation. In addition, we compute the mass bias associated with the acceleration of gas and show that its contribution is small in the virialized regions in the interior of galaxy clusters, but becomes non-negligible in the outskirts of massive galaxy clusters. We discuss future prospects of understanding and characterizing biases in the mass estimate of galaxy clusters using both hydrodynamical simulations and observations and their implications for cluster cosmology.
Juridical Review Cancellation of Graduation of Applicants in Procurement of Civil Servants due to Incompatibility of Educational Qualifications

This study has the aim of analyzing the cancellation of the graduation status of Civil Servant procurement applicants whose educational qualifications are not in accordance with those that have been established and only known in the future. This research uses normative legal research methodology with a statute approach. The results of the study found that Government Regulation Number 11 of 2017 concerning Management of Civil Servants as amended by Government Regulation Number 17 of 2020 only regulates the dismissal of Candidates for Civil Servants and does not explicitly regulate the cancellation of graduation. The provisions in Government Regulation Number 11 of 2017 mutatis mutandis apply to the cancellation of the graduation status of applicants who have educational qualifications that do not match, with the limitation that applicants have provided incorrect information regarding their educational qualifications. The principle of contrario actus stipulates that the Staffing Officer is the official authorized to revoke/cancel a decision due to a substance defect in the form of a factual discrepancy regarding educational qualifications caused by the applicant. However, the cancellation of the applicant's graduation cannot be done if the incompatibility of educational qualifications is caused by the inaccuracy of the Civil Service Procurement Committee. This is because there is the principle of mistakes made by State Administrative Officials in issuing decisions that cannot result in losses for justice seekers/society.
Clear messages to the European public? The language of European Commission press releases 1985–2020

ABSTRACT The public politicisation of European integration indicates a growing demand for public communication of supranational politics. This paper highlights that the messages the European Commission sends to its citizens do not meet this demand. A text analysis of almost 45,000 press releases the Commission has issued during 35 years of European integration rather indicates an extremely technocratic style of communication. Benchmarked against large samples of national executive communication, public political media, and scientific discourse, the Commission used and notably continues to use very complex language, specialized jargon, and a nominal style that obfuscates political action. This appears disadvantageous in a politicized context and more research on the reasons for this apparent communication deficit is needed.
Symbol-Level Detection With Matched Non-Binary LDPC Codes for Position Errors in Racetrack Memories

In racetrack memory (RM), insertion and deletion (ID) errors occur owing to alignment faults; such errors are referred to as position errors (PEs). Recently, several coding schemes for PEs have been proposed based on binary low-density parity-check (BI-LDPC) codes with a joint bit-wise (BW) detection and decoding algorithm. Although these schemes yield promising asymptotic performance, they suffer from unsatisfactory finite-length performance in short block sizes. To address this problem, we propose a novel coding scheme based on non-binary LDPC (NB-LDPC) codes and symbol-wise (SW) detection. The factor graph of the proposed scheme avoids generating cycles between the detector and decoder graphs by leveraging RM’s special property that multiple ID errors are caused by PEs simultaneously, which enables the attainment of good finite-length performance while providing fast convergence. With the aim of providing further performance improvement, we also provide an SW extrinsic information transfer chart analysis to design NB-LDPC codes for the proposed scheme.
Chinese text paraphrase recognition based on OpenPrompt introducing hybrid prompts

The fine-tune paradigm adopted by traditional paraphrase recognition tasks cannot fully exploit the knowledge of pretrained language models (PLMs). At this stage, the Prompt paradigm reconstructs downstream tasks by constructing templates to make it more suitable for the training form of PLM. However, there are many processes, the code base is not supervised, and a single discrete template limits the model prediction ability. In response to this problem, this paper proposes a method of introducing hybrid prompts based on OpenPrompt. OpenPrompt makes the Prompt process have a unified framework, and hybrid prompts solve the problem that discrete templates cannot fully mine PLM knowledge. This paper first constructs a hybrid template with [mask] slots, and then transforms the original input through the template to obtain xprompt , and then xprompt is input to the bert-base-chinese model of the multi-layer bidirectional transformer based on the attention mechanism for training. When the model trains the optimal prompt, calculate the label with the highest probability of filling in the label set, and finally map the label to the prediction result. The experimental results show that compared with the fine-tune paradigm, the F1 value of the prompt paradigm exceeds 4.69% under the same PLM and hyperparameters. Compared with not using soft prompt, the average accuracy and average F1 value obtained with soft hints are 2.294% and 2.31% higher, respectively. Meanwhile, when the number of soft hints is 6, the accuracy and F1 value reach the highest.
SIMULATION OF TURBULENT FLOW IN A TWO-STROKE GRAIL ENGINE CYLINDER

This paper investigates the implementation of computational fluid dynamics for the analysis of a grail internal combustion engine. This is intended to analyse the intake hole and channel shape variables as well as their corresponding influence on the fluid flow properties within the cylinder. Due to the geometry of the engine design which features an intake valve positioned directly on the piston, the combustion efficiency is therefore heavily dependent on the flow characteristics. This necessitates the need to understand and analyse the effects of intake hole and duct geometry as well as piston motion on flow dynamics. A numerical simulation using Autodesk CFD finite element solver was used to simulate the engine flow dynamics of the Grail engine. The results of the analysis show a violent tornado-like effect in the flow field as well as an observable swirl effect characterized by a cylinder-centred single vortex. The resultant flow field obtainable from the design of the Grain engines will therefore allow an ideal homogeneous/stoichiometric fuel-air mixture for increased combustion efficiency. The result of both 3-D static and dynamic simulations of the flow through the engine provided guidelines on the selection of several geometrical parameters for optimal performance. The pressure inside the cylinder of the Grail Engine is validated with the experimental setup. The values of TKE obtained from the numerical simulation are well within the limits obtained from the references.
X-Ray Groups of Galaxies at 0.5<z<1 in zCOSMOS : Increased AGN Activities in High Redshift Groups

We present a photometric and spectroscopic study of galaxies at 0.5 <z <1 as a function of the environment based on data from the zCOSMOS survey. There is a fair amount of evidence that galaxy properties depend on the mass of groups and clusters, in the sense that quiescent galaxies prefer more massive systems. We base our analysis on a mass-selected environment using X-ray groups of galaxies, and define the group membership using a large number of spectroscopic redshifts from zCOSMOS. We show that the fraction of red galaxies is higher in groups than in the field at all redshifts probed in our study. Interestingly, the fraction of [O II] emitters on the red sequence increases at higher redshifts in groups, while the fraction does not strongly evolve in the field. This is due to increased dusty star-formation activities and/or increased activities of active galactic nuclei (AGNs) in high-redshift groups. We investigate these possibilities using the 30-band photometry and X-ray data. We find that the stellar population of the red [O II] emitters in groups is old, and there is no clear hint of dusty star-formation activities in those galaxies. The observed increase of red [O II] emitters in groups is likely due to increased AGN activities. However, since our overall statistics are poor, any firm conclusions need to be drawn from a larger statistical sample of z similar to 1 groups.
Fractional Calculus and Waves in Linear Viscoelasticity: An Introduction to Mathematical Models

Essentials of Fractional Calculus Essentials of Linear Viscoelasticity Fractional Viscoelastic Media Waves in Linear Viscoelastic Media: Dispersion and Dissipation Waves in Linear Viscoelastic Media: Asymptotic Methods Pulse Evolution in Fractional Viscoelastic Media The Eulerian Functions The Bessel Functions The Error Functions The Exponential Integral Functions The Mittag-Leffler Functions The Wright Functions.
CHANGES IN POLARIZATION POSITION ANGLE ACROSS THE ECLIPSE IN THE DOUBLE PULSAR SYSTEM

We investigate the changes in polarization position angle in radiation from pulsar A around the eclipse in the Double Pulsar system PSR J0737−3039A/B at the 20 cm and 50 cm wavelengths using the Parkes 64 m telescope. The changes are ∼2σ during and shortly after the eclipse at 20 cm but less significant at 50 cm. We show that the changes in position angle during the eclipse can be modeled by differential synchrotron absorption in the eclipse regions. Position angle changes after the eclipse are interpreted as Faraday rotation in the magnetotail of pulsar B. Implied charge densities are consistent with the Goldreich–Julian density, suggesting that the particle energies in the magnetotail are mildly relativistic.
Recalage géométrique avec plusieurs prototypes

Nous decrivons un cadre general pour l'interpretation precise et robuste d'un ensemble de points par plusieurs prototypes deformables. Cette methode est basee sur l'unification de deux algorithmes : une generalisation de l'algorithme "Iterative Closest Point" (GICP) a differents types de transformations pour des tâches de recalage, et un algorithme de classification floue (FCM) pour traiter plusieurs prototypes. Notre algorithme converge de facon monotone vers le plus proche minimum local d'un fonction de cout au moindre carre, et les experiences montrent que la convergence est rapide dans les premieres etapes. En consequence, nous avons propose un schema pour choisir la position initiale des prototypes pour qu'ils convergent vers une solution "interessante". La methode presentee est tres generique et peut etre appliquee : a des prototypes dans un espace de dimension p quelconque, a differentes formes de prototypes comme les polyedres, les quadriques, les fonctions polynomiales, les snakes, a de nombreux types de deformations comme les deplacements rigides, les similitudes, les affinites et les homographies. Ainsi, notre methode a un grand nombre d'applications en recalage avec un modele ideal connu a priori, c'est-a-dire pour interpreter des donnees 2D et 3D obtenues par des capteurs calibres ou non. Des resultats experimentaux illustrent quelqu'unes des possibilites de notre approche.
Experiences Shape Hippocampal Neuron Morphology and the Balance of CRHR1 and OTR

The dorsal hippocampus (dHIP) is involved in avoidance behaviors regulation. It is unclear how experiences affect avoidance behaviors and the neuron morphology modulated by corticotrophin-releasing hormone (CRH) signaling and oxytocin receptor (OTR) system in the dHIP. We studied the effects of neonatal maternal deprivation (MD) and post-weaning environmental enrichment (EE) on the avoidance behaviors and neuron morphology of the dHIP in male BALB/c mice. We found that MD impaired avoidance memory, whereas EE improved that. MD increased Nissl bodies and neuronal complexity in the CA1 but decreased synaptic connections in the CA2–3 and DG. EE restored the Nissl bodies and neuron complexity alterations induced by MD in the CA1 and the synaptic connections alterations induced by MD in the CA3. MD increased CRHR1 levels in the CA1 and CA3 but decreased CRHR1 levels in the CA2. The effects of EE on the CRHR1 levels depend on whether MD or not. For MD mice, the EE treatment decreased CRH levels of the CA1–3 but only reduced the CRHR1 level of the CA3 region. MD probably increased OTR levels in the CA1, and EE could restore. Our study illustrates how MD and EE affect avoidance behaviors, hippocampal neuron morphology, and the OTR-CRHR1 balance. The results show that the alterations in dHIP’s regions induced by early life stress are partially restored by the late-life environmental improvement. BALB/c elective to the different induced by life can be partially recovered by late-life environmental to explore the effects of early environment and experiences on hippocampal neuron