Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
On-chip compression of output responses with unknown values using lfsr reseeding

We propose a procedure for designing an LFSRbased circuit for masking of unknown output values that appear in the output response of a circuit tested using LBIST. The procedure is based on reseeding of the LFSR to mask unknown output values while allowing fault effects to propagate. To determine the seeds, the output response of the circuit is partitioned into a minimal number of fragments, and a seed is computed for every fragment.
State laws on tobacco control--United States, 1995.

PROBLEM/CONDITION State laws on smoke-free indoor air, youth access to tobacco products, advertising of tobacco products, and excise taxes on tobacco products are summarized. REPORTING PERIOD COVERED Legislation effective through June 30, 1995. DESCRIPTION OF SYSTEM CDC and the National Cancer Institute (NCI) identified state laws addressing tobacco control by using LEXIS, which is an on-line legal research data base, and NCI's State Cancer Legislative Database (SCLD), which is a data base of legislation. CDC and NCI conducted detailed analyses of the content of the laws to identify specific provisions. RESULTS CDC and NCI identified 1,238 state laws that address tobacco-control-related issues. Most laws either enact restrictions or strengthen current legislation that restricts tobacco use, sales to minors, or advertising; however, some laws preempt stronger measures by local ordinances. At the state level, forty-six states and Washington, DC require smoke-free indoor air to some degree or in some public places. All states prohibit the sale and distribution of tobacco products to minors, but only nine states restrict advertising of tobacco products. All states tax cigarettes (average excise tax is 31.5 cents per pack); 42 states also tax chewing tobacco and snuff. INTERPRETATION State laws addressing tobacco control vary in relation to restrictiveness, enforcement and penalties, preemptions, and exceptions. ACTIONS TAKEN The tables summarizing these laws are available through CDC's State Tobacco Activities Tracking and Evaluation (STATE) system and through NCI's SCLD. This information can be used by policy makers at the state and local levels to plan and implement initiatives on youth access to tobacco products and on the use, promotion, advertising, and taxation of tobacco products.
Retinal Topographic Maps: A Glimpse into the Animals’ Visual World

The vertebrates ’ retina has a highly conserved laminar organization of 10 alternating nuclear and plexiform layers. Species differences in the retinal specializations, i.e., areas of higher cell density, among the species, represent specific regions of the visual field of higher importance for a better spatial resolution and indicate distinct evolutionary pres- sures on the structures of the visual system, which can be related to many aspects of the species evolutionary history. In this chapter, we analyzed the density and distribution of cells of the retinal ganglion cell layer (GCL) and estimated the upper limits of the spatial resolving power of 12 species of snakes from the Colubridae family, 6 diurnal and 6 nocturnal, which inhabit different habitats. Our results revealed lower visual acuity in nocturnal species, compared to diurnal, and we observed different types of retinal spe- cialization, horizontal streak, area centralis , or scattered distribution, with higher cell density in different retinal regions, depending on the species. These variations may be related to ecological and behavioral features, such as daily activity pattern, habitat, and substrate preferentially occupied, hunting strategies and diet. This comparative study indicates the complexity of the adaptive strategies of the snakes ’ visual system.
Novel 5V-EDMOS transistor with a record /max of 450 GHz in a baseline 40nm CMOS technology

A novel EDMOS device with a breakdown voltage of ∼10V and a record high RF performance, with fT ∼ 90 GHz and /MAX ∼ 450 GHz, is presented. The transistor is composed of a thin gate oxide (logic) in the channel and a thicker oxide (IO) in the drain extension. A separate dummy gate is formed on the extension region to optimize the electric field for minimizing the device degradation due to the hot carrier injection. The device concept has been intensively investigated by TCAD, and fabricated in a baseline 40nm CMOS foundry process without any additional masks. This paper discusses in detail the measured characteristics of the device, including DC, RF and the reliability. For the same operating and breakdown voltage, this device outperforms optimized Si-LDMOS and SiGe HBTs in both fT and fMax, and is on par with the best-in-class GaN-HEMTs in term of fMax.
Physical fitness in adolescents with normal weight and overweight

We studied the associations of overweight (OW, BMI ≥85th percentile) and physical activity (PA) with physical fitness in adolescents. The nationally representative sample was 1120 boys and 1146 girls, aged 15–16 years. Height and weight were self‐reported. The level of PA was based on self‐reported frequency and duration of sweating during organized and non‐organized activity. Fitness was measured by sit‐ups, sit‐and‐reach, five‐jump, back‐and‐forth jumping, ball skills, coordination and endurance shuttle run tests. The fitness index was calculated as the mean of z‐scores for individual tests. The prevalence of OW was 17.3% in boys and 11.8% in girls. The main effect of PA (in analysis of variance) on all fitness tests was significant (P≤0.005). The main effect of OW was significant (P<0.002) for all tests, except for sit‐and‐reach. According to linear regression models, the association between PA and fitness was stronger than that between OW and fitness. Sit‐ups, endurance shuttle‐run and fitness index showed the strongest association with PA (standardized β coefficients 0.31–0.49). OW was not associated with sit‐and‐reach test (coefficient 0.04) and only weakly with the ball skills test (coefficients −0.10 to −0.12). In conclusion, OW had the most negative association with cardiorespiratory and muscle endurance, and explosive power tests.
Nominal Dependent Types as a Logical Framework

We present a logical framework based on the nominal approach to representing syntax with binders. First we extend nominal terms, which have a built-in name-abstraction operator and a first-order notion of substitution for variables, with a capture-avoiding substitution operator for names. We then build a dependent type system for this extended syntax and show how it can be used to formalise systems with binding operators.
Burden and Historical Trend of Buruli Ulcer Prevalence in Selected Communities along the Offin River of Ghana

Buruli ulcer (BU) is a neglected tropical skin disease caused by Mycobacterium ulcerans with more than two thirds of the global cases reported in West Africa. A nationwide active BU case search conducted in 1999 identified two health districts along the Offin River as two of the three most endemic districts in Ghana. Based on recent anecdotal accounts that transmission is unstable along the Offin River, we conducted from March to June 2013 an exhaustive household survey and active case search in 13 selected communities within a five-kilometer radius along the Offin River. The overall prevalence of BU was 2.3% among the surveyed population of 20,390 inhabitants and 477 of the total 480 cases detected (99.4%) were historical (healed) cases. By estimating the year of occurrence for each case per community and taking into account available passive surveillance records of health facilities and the District Health Directorate, we observed a general trend of continuous emergence of cases in communities located midstream the Offin River whereas downstream communities showed more sporadic patterns. We monitored the incidence of cases after the survey and recorded a cumulative incidence rate of 0.04% for the 13 communities over a 17-month active surveillance period from August 2013 to December 2014. Our data reveal an overall decline in BU incidence along the Offin River similar to the general decline in BU incidence in recent years reported by the World Health Organization for West Africa.
Impact of Smoking on Pancreatic Cancer Patients Receiving Current Chemotherapy

Objective Smoking may affect pharmacokinetics of chemotherapeutic agents and hemodynamics of the smokers, thereby influencing adverse events and efficacy of chemotherapy in patients with pancreatic cancer (PC). The aim of this study was to clarify how smoking totally affected patients with PC receiving current chemotherapy. Methods We evaluated the impact of smoking status on the performance of chemotherapy and survival in 262 patients with PC including 158 resectable and 104 unresectable PC. Results There were more male and younger patients in current smokers than in nonsmokers. In unresectable PC, current smokers had more metastatic tumors than locally advanced tumors compared with nonsmokers. In current smokers receiving chemotherapy, the baseline white blood cell count, neutrophil count, and hemoglobin concentration were significantly higher in current smokers than in nonsmokers. Furthermore, grades 3 to 4 neutropenia was observed more often in nonsmokers than smokers. On the other hand, the performance and efficacy of the planned adjuvant chemotherapy were similar between smokers and nonsmokers. More importantly, there was no significant difference in overall prognosis between smokers and nonsmokers receiving chemotherapy. Conclusions Smoking status has no significant impact on the efficacy of current chemotherapy for both resectable and unresectable PC.
fMRI resting state analysis using empirical mode decomposition

The paper studies connectivity pattern between two functionally specialized brain areas: the primary motor area and the occipital (visual) cortex in the resting state fMRI using empirical mode decomposition (EMD). EMD enables identification of low frequency oscillatory modes in the resting state range [0, 01-0, 1 Hz]. Three frequency modes were determined in the resting state band in 13 subjects with the mean frequencies 0,07Hz, 0,034Hz and 0,016Hz. The temporal correlations among the oscillatory modes were strongest within homologous (corresponding) sources in left and right hemisphere, and weakest between the motor-occipital fMRI signal pairs. The functional connectivity - spatial distribution of temporal correlations in the resting state - has been identified and refined by the oscillatory modes. Connectivity graph obtained across all subjects and all IMFs showed high connectivity rate between homologous areas in the left and right hemisphere and among the visual cortex areas. Combining EMD with the Hilbert transformation may provide an additional tool for exploring correlations between frequency and amplitude ridges in task related problems.
Diffusion of New Products with Recovering Consumers

We consider the diffusion of new products in the discrete Bass-SIR model, in which consumers who adopt the product can later “recover” and stop influencing their peers to adopt the product. To gain insight into the effect of the social network structure on the diffusion, we focus on two extreme cases. In the “most-connected” configuration, where all consumers are interconnected (complete network), averaging over all consumers leads to an aggregate model, which combines the Bass model for diffusion of new products with the SIR model for epidemics. In the “least-connected” configuration, where consumers are arranged in a circle and each consumer can be influenced only by the neighbor to the left (one-sided 1D network), averaging over all consumers leads to a different aggregate model which is linear and can be solved explicitly. We conjecture that for any other network, the diffusion is bounded from below and from above by that on a one-sided 1D network and on a complete network, respectively. When consumer.
Sensor-Less Current Sharing Over Wide Operating Range for Extended-Duty-Ratio Boost Converter

An extended-duty-ratio (EDR) boost converter is studied extensively in this paper for high voltage gain applications with a wide input (and/or output) voltage range. The EDR is a unique combination of an interleaved, multiphase boost converter and switched capacitor configuration that achieves high voltage gain with significantly lower switch voltage stress and switching losses compared to conventional high-gain solutions. Most of the switches in the multiphase EDR experience only a fixed fraction of the output voltage (<inline-formula><tex-math notation="LaTeX">$1/M, 2/M$ </tex-math></inline-formula>, etc., where <inline-formula><tex-math notation="LaTeX">$M$</tex-math></inline-formula> is the number of phases). Through extensive analysis over a wide operating range, it is shown here that the EDR boost converter has inherent current sharing among the phases only in a limited range of duty ratio—<inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$(M-1)/M \leq D \leq 1$</tex-math></inline-formula>. As the duty ratio reduces beyond this range as required in wide input voltage applications, inherent current sharing property is lost. In this paper, techniques to ensure current sharing under all operating zones without requiring current sensors are presented. Instead of having equal duty ratio for each phase, it is adjusted for each phase according to the operating region of the converter. Extensive analysis is presented to derive the required duty ratio changes for the different phases. The proposed concept is validated with experimental results from a 250 W, 3-phase EDR boost, and GaN-based hardware prototype.
The Crunch Mobile Robot

Crunch is a two wheel inverted pendulum balancing robot equipped with 8 sonars and 8 infrared rangefinders and uses a FastSLAM-like[6] particle filter algorithm to build consistent maps. This paper presents a summary of the robot’s design and capabilities as well as the particle filter algorithm used for consistent map building. 1. HARDWARE 1.1 Inverted Pendulum Balancing Crunch has only two wheels and thus is inherently unstable. It is equipped with an angular rate sensor and accelerometer which, when combined using a complementary filter, measure the current pitch. The drive control microcontroller drives the wheels with a linear sum of the robot’s pitch, pitch rate, wheel velocity, and error from commanded position. Forward/backward motion commands are introduced by subtracting the commanded velocity from the actual wheel velocity and moving the commanded position at the same velocity. Rotational motion commands are introduced by adding the command to one wheel velocity and subtracting it from the other; this does not alter the fore/aft balance.
Community-Based Risk Reduction in Zambia

Following the trial of a sexual risk reduction intervention conducted at the University Teaching Hospital (UTH) in Lusaka, Zambia, this pilot study sought to evaluate the feasibility of conducting the intervention at the Community Health Center (CHC) level. UTH staff implemented assessments and the intervention while CHC staff provided logistic and administrative support. HIV seropositive women (CHC n = 200; UTH n = 612) attended group sessions in which male partners were randomized to a three-session or one-session group intervention arm. At baseline, consistent use of male and female condoms differed between sites (HIV+ UTH, 73%, CHC, 88%, HIV- UTH, 42%, CHC 65%); both sites in- creased combined condom use at 6 months post baseline and maintained increases over baseline at 12 months. Partici- pants did not differ between sites at baseline on condom attitudes, HIV knowledge or self efficacy. At 12 months post baseline, both sites had improved in attitudes, knowledge and efficacy and participant retention was lower at the UTH site (77% versus 82%). Inconsistent sexual barrier users increased to consistent use at both sites after 6 months (HIV positive UTH, 96%, CHC, 99%, HIV negative UTH, 84%, CHC 100%). At 12 months, HIV negative CHC participants maintained higher levels of condom use in comparison with UTH participants (F = 7.17, p = .001). Results illustrate the feasibility and efficacy of conducting group sexual risk reduction interventions in the Zambian community, and the potential for the use of group interventions in conjunction with existing CHC Voluntary Counseling and Testing (VCT) programs.
The Role of Central and Peripheral μ Opioid Receptors in Inflammatory Pain and Edema: A Study Using Morphine and DiPOA ([8-(3,3-Diphenyl-propyl)-4-oxo-1-phenyl-1,3,8-triaza-spiro[4.5]dec-3-yl]-acetic Acid)

The role of opioid receptors located in the central nervous system (CNS) and peripheral nervous system in inflammatory pain is well established. In contrast, although it is has been shown that μ agonists can reduce other manifestations of inflammation, such as edema, the mechanism of action remains unclear. In this study, we have activated μ receptors located centrally, those located peripherally, and those located both centrally and peripherally and compared the effects on pain and edema using the rat carrageenan model of acute inflammation. Activation of μ receptors located only in the periphery, by administration of the peripheralized μ agonist [8-(3,3-diphenyl-propyl)-4-oxo-1-phenyl-1,3,8-triaza-spiro[4.5]dec-3-yl]-acetic acid (DiPOA) or local administration of morphine, resulted in antihyperalgesia (30 mg/kg DiPOA, 83% inhibition; 100 μg/rat morphine, 75% inhibition) without affecting edema. In contrast, activation of both central and peripheral μ receptors using systemically administered morphine resulted in antihyperalgesia (1 mg/kg, 80% inhibition) and inhibition of edema (10 mg/kg, 54% inhibition). Finally, activation of only receptors located in the CNS, by central administration of DiPOA or systemic administration of morphine after block of only the peripheral μ receptors using q-naltrexone, resulted in a significant reduction in edema. Our findings confirm the role of peripheral μ receptors in the pathology of pain associated with acute inflammation and argue against the involvement of these receptors in edema formation. Furthermore, our data demonstrate that activation of μ receptors in the brain inhibits carrageenan-induced edema and suggest that the antiedematous effect of morphine is due to action at central receptors alone.
Efficacy of Human Papillomavirus L1 Protein Vaccines (Cervarix and Gardasil) in Reducing the Risk of Cervical Intraepithelial Neoplasia: A Meta-analysis

Human papillomavirus (HPV) can induce cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN). Vaccination against HPV can play an important role in CIN prevention. This study aims to estimate the efficacy of L1 protein vaccines (Cervarix and Gardasil) in CIN 1, 2, 3 risk reduction using meta-analysis. Relevant articles were identified by two independent researchers searching international databanks. After application of inclusion/exclusion criteria and quality assessment, eligible articles were entered into the final meta-analysis. Inverse variance method and fixed effect model were used to combine the results of the primary studies. The heterogeneity between the results was assessed using Cochrane and I2 indices. Of 11,530 evidence identified during the primary search, three papers were found eligible for meta-analysis, including 7213 participants in the intervention groups and 7170 healthy controls. The efficacy (95% confidence interval) of HPV 6, 11, 16, 18 monovalent and quadrivalent vaccines against CIN 1, CIN 2, and CIN 3 were estimated as of 95% (88–98), 97% (85–99), and 95% (78–99), respectively. This study showed that L1 protein vaccines Cervarix and Gardasil are highly protective vaccines playing an effective role in the prevention of HPV 6, 11, 16, 18 which are responsible for CIN 1, CIN 2, and CIN 3.
Anticyclonic Eddies Connecting the Western Boundaries of Indian and Atlantic Oceans

The Indo-Atlantic interocean exchanges achieved by Agulhas Rings are tightly linked to global ocean circulation and climate. Yet they are still poorly understood because they are difficult to identify and follow. We propose here an original assessment on Agulhas Rings, achieved by TOEddies, a new eddy identification and tracking algorithm that we applied over 24 years of satellite altimetry. Its main novelty lies in the detection of eddy splitting and merging events. These are particularly abundant and significantly impact the concept of a trajectory associated with a single eddy, which becomes less obvious than previously admitted. To overcome this complication, we have defined a network of segments that group together in relatively complex trajectories. Such a network provides an original assessment of the routes and the history of Agulhas Rings. It links 730,481 eddies into 6,363 segments that cluster into Agulhas Ring trajectories of different orders. Such an order depends on the affiliation of the eddies and segments, in a similar way as a tree of life. Among them, we have identified 122 order 0 trajectories that can be considered as the major trajectories associated to a single eddy, albeit it has undergone itself splitting and merging events. Despite the disappearance of many eddies in the altimeter signal in the Cape Basin, a significant fraction can be followed from the Indian Ocean to the South Brazil Current with, on average, 3.5 years to cross the entire South Atlantic. Plain Language Summary Mesoscale eddies are ubiquitous structures in the ocean and are one of the major sources of ocean variability. They play a crucial role in physically shaping the ocean general circulation, in transporting and mixing energy, chemicals, and other materials within and among ocean basins. This should be true, in particular, south of Africa where the largest mesoscale eddies, the so-called Agulhas Rings, are shed from the Agulhas Current into the Cape Basin conveying Indian warm and salty waters into the Southeast Atlantic Ocean. However, due to their small-scale and highly variable nature, ocean eddies are inadequately sampled and poorly reproduced in numerical models. Hence, we still lack a good assessment of their population and an appropriate understanding of their dynamics and exact role in the Earth’s climate. We propose here an original assessment on Agulhas Rings achieved by a tracking algorithm that we applied over 24 years of satellite altimetry. Its main novelty lies in the detection of eddy separation and coalescence events that replace the concept of trajectories by the consideration of an eddy network. Such a network provides an original assessment of the routes and history of Agulhas Rings longer and more complex than previously described.
Combined (111)In-pentetreotide scintigraphy and (123)I-mIBG scintigraphy in neuroblastoma provides prognostic information.

BACKGROUND High-affinity somatostatin receptors (SRs) have been characterized in neuroblastomas and may be used as target structures for in vivo detection of SR. PROCEDURE Eighty-eight children with histologically proven neuroblastoma were investigated at diagnosis or relapse by (123)I-mIBG and (111)In-pentetreotide scintigraphy. All tumors were investigated for MYCN copy number, chromosome 1p36 status, and 68/88 also for DNA content, followed for a median follow-up of 35 months (range 1-88 months). RESULTS SR expression was detected in 56/88 tumors and (123)I-mIBG showed positivity in 83/88. (111)In-pentetreotide was less sensitive in detecting tumor tissue than was (123)I-mIBG (64% vs. 94%, P = 0.005). Survival (SUR) and event-free survival probability (EFS) according to Kaplan-Meier was significantly better for children with positive SR scintigraphy than for the children with a negative SR scan (SUR: 90% vs. 48% at 4 years log rank P < 0.003, EFS: 83% vs. 39% at 4 years, log rank P < 0.0002). CONCLUSIONS (123)I-mIBG scintigraphy remains the best scintigraphic method for detecting neuroblastoma tumor tissue, whereas additional SR scintigraphy is able to provide significant prognostic information with a minimum of invasiveness.