Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Investigating the Intertemporal Risk-Return Relation in International Stock Markets with the Component GARCH Model

We revisit the risk-return relation using the component GARCH model and international daily MSCI stock market data. In contrast with the previous evidence obtained from weekly and monthly data, daily data show that the relation is positive in almost all markets and often statistically significant. Likelihood ratio tests reject the standard GARCH model in favor of the component GARCH model, which strengthens the evidence for a positive risk-return tradeoff. Consistent with U.S. evidence, the long-run component of volatility is a more important determinant of the conditional equity premium than the short-run component for most international markets.
Rule Out Normal Tension Glaucoma in a Young Woman

Jonathan C Chou1, Robert M Mallery1,2 and Louis R Pasquale1,3* 1Massachusetts Eye and Ear, Department of Ophthalmology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA 2Department of Neurology, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA 3Channing Division of Network Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, MA, USA *Corresponding author: Louis R Pasquale, Massachusetts Eye and Ear, Department of Ophthalmology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA, Tel: 3124348310; Fax: 3124348310; E-mail: jchou87@gmail.com
Towards a universal wordnet by learning from combined evidence

Lexical databases are invaluable sources of knowledge about words and their meanings, with numerous applications in areas like NLP, IR, and AI. We propose a methodology for the automatic construction of a large-scale multilingual lexical database where words of many languages are hierarchically organized in terms of their meanings and their semantic relations to other words. This resource is bootstrapped from WordNet, a well-known English-language resource. Our approach extends WordNet with around 1.5 million meaning links for 800,000 words in over 200 languages, drawing on evidence extracted from a variety of resources including existing (monolingual) wordnets, (mostly bilingual) translation dictionaries, and parallel corpora. Graph-based scoring functions and statistical learning techniques are used to iteratively integrate this information and build an output graph. Experiments show that this wordnet has a high level of precision and coverage, and that it can be useful in applied tasks such as cross-lingual text classification.
Estrogen level alters the failure load of the rabbit anterior cruciate ligament

We hypothesized that increasing the level of circulating serum estrogen would decrease the load at failure for the rabbit anterior cruciate ligament. We developed an animal model in which hormonal manipulations could be correlated with load at failure for the anterior cruciate ligament. Sixteen New Zealand White ovariectomized rabbits were matched and divided into two groups. The eight rabbits that were not treated with the estrogen supplement (Group O) and the eight that were treated with the supplement (Group E) were housed for 30 days. Serum estrogen levels were measured. The knees were stripped of all soft tissue, and the load at failure for the anterior cruciate ligament was measured in a materials testing machine with a displacement rate of 0.5 mm/sec. The load at failure for all 16 specimens in Group E (446 ± 54 N) (mean ± SD) was significantly reduced (p = 0.02) compared with that for the nine specimens in Group O (503 ± 48 N). It is recognized that an increased number of anterior cruciate ligament injuries occurs in female athletes. Although the mechanism responsible for failure of the anterior cruciate ligament in women is yet to be defined, this experiment suggests that estrogen may alter ligament strength.
Real-time Bengali and Chinese numeral signs recognition using contour matching

This paper presents a real-time Bengali and Chinese numeral signs recognition system using contour matching. The system converts the captured image into gray scale image. After histogram equalizing and smoothing the gray scale image, the system detects edges using Canny edge detection algorithm. Edge linking is done using morphological operation. The system extracts contours and calculates contour length and area from the detected edges. The system filters unwanted contours based on minimum contour length and area. Then the system encodes the remaining contours into Vector Contours (VC). The system resizes the encoded VC into predefined size. The system generates feature vector based on equalized VC, Auto-Correlation Coefficient (ACC), Normalized ACC and ACC descriptors of equalized VC, which will be used for training and/or testing process. The system recognizes the hand signs based on maximum similarity between test contour and predefined training contours of hand signs using Inter-Correlation Function (ICF). The system is trained using 1000 (10×10×10) contour templates separately for both ten (*** to ***) Bengali and ten (0 to 9) Chinese numeral signs from 10 signers. The system is tested using another 1000 (10×10×10) contour templates separately for both ten Bengali and Chinese numeral signs achieving recognition accuracy of 95.80% for Bengali numeral signs and 95.90% for Chinese numeral signs with computational cost of 8.023 milliseconds per frame.
Primary intracerebral tumor with mixed chondrosarcoma and glioblastoma--gliosarcoma or sarcoglioma?

An unusual primary intracerebral tumor with combined features of chondrosarcoma and glioblastoma multiforme is presented. Glial elements showing a spectrum of hyperplastic and neoplastic changes were intermingled with sarcomatous areas, similar to that recently described by Lalitha and Rubinstein as "sarcoglioma. " Many vessels in the gliomatous regions contained proliferating endothelial cells with marked cytologic abnormalities. Although no direct extension out of the vessel wall was conclusively identified, the possibility of sarcomatous change could not be completely excluded. We conclude that, in this case, we could not establish whether the sarcoma was primary and the glioma secondary ("sarcoglioma") or vice versa ("gliosarcoma"), nor could we rule out that the two components originated from the same ancestral pluripotential cells.
The birth of biopolitics : lectures at the Collège de France, 1978-79

Foreword: Francois Ewald and Alessandro Fontana Introduction: Arnold I. Davidson 10 January 1979 17 January 1979 24 January 1979 31 January 1979 7 February 1979 14 February 1979 21 February 1979 7 March 1979 14 March 1979 21 March 1979 28 March 1979 4 April 1979 Course Summary Course Content Index of Notions Index of Names
Efficient Spectral Clustering for Large Data Set

In Efficient spectral Clustering for large data sets, we proposed a principled and flexible framework for constrained spectral clustering that can incorporate large amounts of both hard and soft constraints. Constrained spectral clustering (CSC) algorithms have demonstrated awesome guarantee in fundamentally enhancing clustering accuracy by encoding side information into spectral clustering algorithms. Be that as it may, existing CSC calculations are wasteful in taking care of direct and expansive datasets. It point is to build up an adaptable and proficient CSC calculation by incorporating inadequate coding based chart development into a system called constrained normalized cuts. To this end, it versatile constrained normalized cuts issue and settles it in view of a shut shape numerical investigation. It exhibit that this issue can be decreased to a summed up Eigen esteem issue that can be understood proficiently. It additionally depicts a principled „k-way‟ CSC calculation for taking care of direct and expansive datasets. Experimental results about over bench mark datasets exhibit that the proposed calculation is incredibly practical, as in (1) with less side data, it can acquire critical changes in precision contrasted with the unsupervised. (2) With less process time, it will accomplish high grouping correctness‟s close to those of the leading edge. We have a tendency to likewise exhibit an inspired utilization of cryptography large variety of requirements: exchange learning by means that of imperatives.
Global Multicultural Citizenship Education in Singapore

Abstract Drawing on individual interviews with 24 students from three secondary schools and an examination of official curricular documents and materials, this study investigates how Singapore, a young, diverse, postcolonial nation with a history of ethnic and religious conflict, manages the promotion of a common national identity, ethnic and religious diversity, and global perspectives. The study critically examines the Singapore state’s deliberate attempts to incorporate both global and multicultural perspectives into the secondary Social Studies curriculum, particularly through the use of international case studies.
Increased Angiogenesis and Angiogenic Gene Expression in Carotid Artery Plaques from Symptomatic Stroke Patients

OBJECTIVE:Carotid plaque rupture is one of the main causes of stroke by creating cerebral emboli. The biochemical, molecular, and structural factors that promote carotid plaque rupture are not yet understood in detail. We hypothesize that increased microvascular blood flow within a carotid plaque might fissure the plaque, elevate local pressure, and promote plaque rupture. The aim of this study is to determine the role of angiogenesis and angiogenesis-related gene expression in symptomatic carotid plaque. METHODS:The present study evaluated the new vessel formation (using hematoxylin-eosin staining and CD34 immunohistochemistry) and angiogenic gene expression (using microarray and real-time polymerase chain reaction analysis) in carotid plaque specimens obtained during endarterectomy from 13 symptomatic stroke patients in comparison with eight asymptomatic patients. RESULTS:Symptomatic plaques showed significantly higher new vessel density in the fibrous cap (by 347%, P < 0.05) as well as in the plaque proper (by 196%, P < 0.05) compared with the asymptomatic plaques. The fibrous caps of the plaques were threefold thinner in the symptomatic patients when compared with the asymptomatic patients. In symptomatic plaque, gene expression analysis showed increased abundance of 31 transcripts known to promote angiogenesis and cell division compared with plaques of asymptomatic patients. CONCLUSION:This study suggests that angiogenic gene expression and the ensuing angiogenesis in the plaques might contribute to their destabilization and resulting symptoms.
Cytokine‐induced tendinitis: A preliminary study in rabbits

This study was designed to determine the effects of a single injection of a species‐specific preparation of cytokines into rabbit patellar tendons and to compare the results with a known model of tendinitis, the collagenase‐injection model. New Zealand White rabbits were divided into two groups and two time periods (4 and 16 weeks) and injected in the midsubstance of the right patellar tendon with either cytokines or collagenase under ultrasound guidance to confirm intratendinous needle placement. The left patellar tendon was injected with 0.025 ml of saline solution and served as a control. The rabbits were returned to cage activity after injection. At death, two rabbits in each group underwent histological analysis; the remaining eight animals in each time frame were evaluated biomechanically and then biochemically with use of the patella/whole patellar tendon/tibia complex. Histologic results at 4 weeks in the tendons injected with cytokines demonstrated increased cellularity, which was resolving by 16 weeks. The matrix appeared unchanged. The tendons injected with collagenase demonstrated increased angiogenesis of the matrix, hypercellularity, and fibrosis around the tendon at 4 weeks. At 16 weeks, myxoid changes, focal fibrosis, and collagen‐bundle disarray with persistent increase in cellularity were noted. Biomechanically, a significant decrease in ultimate load at 16 weeks was seen in the tendons injected with cytokines but no change was seen in cross‐sectional area. The tendons injected with collagenase demonstrated a significant increase in cross‐sectional area at 4 and 16 weeks compared with those injected with cytokines. Biochemically, there was no significant difference in collagen content between the two groups at 4 or 16 weeks but the tendons injected with collagenase demonstrated a significant increase in crosslinking at 16 weeks. Our conclusion is that the tendons injected with the cytokine preparation represent a model of mild, seemingly reversible tendon injury. The cytokine preparation produces no matrix damage or evidence of collagen degradation and is species specific.
An inrush current reduction technique for multiple inverter-fed transformers

This paper introduces a transformer inrush current reduction technique for the conventional double-conversion UPS feeding multiple loads and their transformers. As these loads are engaged or dis-engaged, their transformers are also connected or dis-connected from the power lines. To avoid the inrush current, a closed-loop flux linkage control is proposed to maintain the flux of transformers which are already engaged, and of the transformer which is switched-in. The proposed method can utilize the existing voltage and current sensors feedback of the UPS, and it can be seamlessly integrated with the voltage and current control. Experimental test results are provided to validate the effectiveness of the proposed method.
Nck adaptors are positive regulators of the size and sensitivity of the T-cell repertoire

The size and sensitivity of the T-cell repertoire governs the effectiveness of immune responses against invading pathogens. Both are modulated by T-cell receptor (TCR) activity through molecular mechanisms, which remain unclear. Here, we provide genetic evidence that the SH2/SH3 domain containing proteins Nck lower the threshold of T-cell responsiveness. The hallmarks of Nck deletion were T-cell lymphopenia and hyporeactivity to TCR-mediated stimulation. In the absence of the Nck adaptors, peripheral T cells expressing a TCR with low avidity for self-antigens were strongly reduced, whereas an overall impairment of T-cell activation by weak antigenic stimulation was observed. Mechanistically, Nck deletion resulted in a significant decrease in calcium mobilization and ERK phosphorylation upon TCR engagement. Taken together, our findings unveil a crucial role for the Nck adaptors in shaping the T-cell repertoire to ensure maximal antigenic coverage and optimal T cell excitability.
The social dynamics of antibiotic use in an Australian hospital

Misuse of antibiotics in hospitals in Australia and internationally is common. The combination of multi-resistant organisms and continued misuse of antibiotics is contributing to a predicted ‘antimicrobial perfect storm’ in the coming decades. Attempts to influence doctors’ use of antibiotics have seen limited success internationally, yet few studies have explored the potential social factors driving current practices within hospitals and the interpersonal processes that underpin persistent ‘suboptimal’ antibiotic use. In this qualitative study of hospital-based Australian doctors we explore some of these dynamics including: the role of clinical uncertainty and ambivalence; experiences of immediate risk; interpersonal and intra-professional pressure; and the role of localised norms and ‘craft groups’ in driving antibiotic practices. We argue that the development of a sociological understanding of antibiotic misuse in the hospital sector (and beyond) is vital for progress to be made in protecting antibiotics for future generations.
Types for quantum computing

This thesis is a study of the construction and representation of typed models of quantum mechanics for use in quantum computation. We introduce logical and graphical syntax for quantum mechanical processes and prove that these formal systems provide sound and complete representations of abstract quantum mechanics. In addition, we demonstrate how these representations may be used to reason about the behaviour of quantum computational processes. Quantum computation is presently mired in low-level formalisms, mostly derived directly from matrices over Hilbert spaces. These formalisms are an obstacle to the full understanding and exploitation of quantum effects in informatics since they obscure the essential structure of quantum states and processes. The aim of this work is to introduce higher level tools for quantum mechanics which will be better suited to computation than those presently employed in the field. Inessential details of Hilbert space representations are removed and the informatic structures are presented directly. Entangled states are particularly important in this treatment, as is appropriate, since entanglement is a fundamental driver of quantum computation. The benefits two-fold: as well as producing foundational tools for the study of quantum computation this work also connects quantum mechanics to mainstream areas of computer science such as categorical logic, type theory, program language semantics, and rewriting. We describe, following Abramsky and Coecke, how quantum mechanics may be carried out without reference to Hilbert space, in a strongly compact closed category. In particular we show how to freely construct a categorical model of abstract quantum mechanics from an arbitrary category. We introduceMultiplicative Categorical Quantum Logic (mCQL), a sequent calculus whose proof rules capture the structure of compact closed categories. This sequent calculus is interpreted in a freely generated compact closed category, and its semantics is sound with respect to cut elimination. We define an equivalent graphical syntax, similar to linear logic’s proof-nets, and prove that these proof-nets provide a full and faithful representation of any freely generated compact closed category. Further analysis of the structure of quantum states which correspond to mCQL proofs using multiplicative linear logic shows that the linear type system describes the quantum entanglement found in such states. We show that the entanglement present in these states is always of a particularly simple form: collections of entangled pairs. In order to tackle arbitrary entanglement, we generalise the work of Kelly and Laplaza to give a representation theorem for the free compact closed category by a polycategory. Such categories are shown to be equivalent to a generalised system of proof-nets whose axioms may have more than one premise
The distribution of environmental quality: An empirical analysis

Objective. The relations among the distribution of environmental quality and the racial, political, and socioeconomic characteristics of affected communities are increasingly a topic of scholarly and political interest. This study seeks to clarify the independent relations among environmental quality and a variety of demographic characteristics (including race, income, political mobilization, and other factors) at the county level throughout the United States. Methods. Using a model of pollution distribution that includes a variety of demographic characteristics as well as twentynine measures of environmental quality, the first part of the study consists of a multivariate analysis of the relations among these variables. The second part of the study consists of a multivariate analysis of the demographic characteristics of counties that are exposed to multiple pollutants at relatively high levels. Results. In both the first and the second part of the study, the model as a whole is strongly significant and several of the independent variables show a strong correlation with the presence or absence of pollution. Race and ethnicity are strongly associated with a lack of environmental quality, with both nonwhite and Hispanic populations experiencing disproportionately high pollution levels, and there is a strong positive relationship between population density, manufacturing activity, and pollution. Somewhat surprisingly, higher levels of income are often associated with lower levels of environmental quality, although the relationship is often unclear. A strong negative relationship is also found between political mobilization and pollution levels. Conclusions. The results suggest that a variety of political and socioeconomic factors explains the distribution of environmental quality. While the results tend to support the claim that race is significantly correlated with pollution distribution throughout the nation across a wide range of measures of environmental quality, they also show the importance of a variety of other demographic variables including political mobilization, population density, manufacturing activity, and income in explaining that distribution throughout the United States.
Sport Pedagogy: An Introduction for Teaching and Coaching

Introduction Section One Pedagogy in physical education and youth sport Chapter 1 What is 'sport pedagogy' and why study it? Kathleen Armour Chapter 2 Children learning in physical education: an historical overview David Kirk Chapter 3 Learning theory for effective learning in practice Fiona Chambers Chapter 4 Learning about health through physical education & youth sport Lorraine Cale and Jo Harris Chapter 5 Critical health pedagogy: whose body is it anyway? John Evans, Emma Rich and Brian Davies Chapter 6 Youth sport policy: an international perspective Iain Lindsey and Ruth Jeanes Chapter 7 Olympism: a learning philosophy for physical education and youth sport Dikaia Chatziefstathiou Section Two Children and young people:diverse learners in physical education and sport Chapter 8 Youth voices in physical education & sport: what are they telling us and what do they say they need? Ann Macphail Chapter 9 Understanding young people's motivation in physical education and youth sport Chris Spray Chapter 10 Young people, sporting bodies, vulnerable identities Laura Azzarito Chapter 11 Playtime: the needs of very young learners in physical education and sport Frances Murphy and Dierdre Nichroinin Chapter 12 Disabling experiences of physical education and youth sport Hayley Fitzgerald Chapter 13 Disaffected youth in physical education and youth sport Rachel Sandford and Rebecca Duncombe Chapter 14 Physical education and youth sport: does social class still matter? Barriers to learning in physical education and youth sport: does social class still matter? Symeon Dagkas Chapter 15 Young people, ethnicity and pedagogy Louisa Webb Chapter 16 Gender and learning in physical education and youth sport Anne Flintoff, Chapter 17 Right to be active: 'looked after children' in physical education and sport Kathleen Armour, Rachel Sandford and Rebecca Duncombe Section Three: Being a professional teacher or coach in physical education and youth sport Chapter 18 Effective career-long professional development for teachers and coaches Kathleen Armour Chapter 19 Personalised learning: a perfect pedagogy for teachers and coaches? Kyriaki Makopoulou Chapter 20 Becoming an effective secondary school physical education teacher Frank Herold Chapter 21 Becoming an effective primary school physical education teacher Mike Jess Chapter 22 Youth sport coach Julia Walsh Chapter 23 Learning Strategy Mark Griffiths Chapter 24 Professional learning in communities of practice Deborah Tannehill Chapter 25 Models-based practice: structuring teaching and coaching to meet learners' diverse needs Toni O'Donovan