Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Pushing Capacity Limits With Multi-Segment SiP Modulators

The use of multiple segments on a silicon photonic modulator can increase bandwidth at the cost of greater complexity in the driving signals. We propose and demonstrate a simple driving scheme for use with dual segment modulators that involves very little additional complexity when equal length segments are used. The increased bandwidth with segmentation scales linearly with the number of segments, but the net bit rate does not; net rate depends on many factors. With an IQ modulator with two 2 mm segments, we demonstrate an improvement of 14% in net bit rate as compared to a single 4 mm segment. We examine the trade-offs in moving to three-segment modulation. We explore implementation penalties and use probabilistic shaping and optical pre-emphasis to achieve a net rate of 1.07 Tb/s with dual polarization transmission over 80 km of fiber at 116 Gbaud using 64QAM modulation.
Crustal growth in the northeast portion of the Rhyacian Bacajá domain, SE Amazonian craton, based on U-Pb, Lu-Hf, and Sm-Nd data

The Bacajá domain, southeastern Amazonian craton, comprises Mesoarchaean and Siderian terrains reworked during the Transamazonian cycle. Combined analyses of zircon LA-ICP-MS U-Pb and Lu-Hf with whole-rock Sm-Nd from the northeast portion of this domain made it possible to propose an evolutionary sequence between ca. 2.60 and 2.06 Ga. Gneisses with an igneous protolith age of 2630 ± 15 Ma show negative signatures ( ɛ Hf (t) = -0.3 to -1.7 and ɛ Nd (t) = -3.08 to -2.98) and a Mesoarchaean formation (Hf-T DMC and Nd-T DM model ages range from 3.0 to 3.2 Ga). Rhyacian granite genesis lasted about 40 million years (2.10–2.06 Ga) and was divided into two magmatic periods. The first is represented by deformed granitoids with zircons yielding crystallization ages between 2.10 and 2.09 Ga and model ages (Hf-Nd) at about 2.5 Ga. The second event is represented by granitoids with preserved magmatic texture, crystallization ages of 2.06 Ga, and Siderian model ages (Hf-Nd) of around 2.3 Ga. The overall Hf isotopic analyses of this Rhyacian granite genesis exhibit a spread of ɛ Hf (t) values between 1.8 and -2.9, which show a probably underestimated mantle-derived contribution in this period.
Clinical Assessment of Judgment in Adults and the Elderly: Development and Validation of the Three Domains of Judgment Test—Clinical Version (3DJT-CV)

(1) Background: This article discusses the first two phases of development and validation of the Three Domains of Judgment Test (3DJT). This computer-based tool, co-constructed with users and capable of being administered remotely, aims to assess the three main domains of judgment (practical, moral, and social) and learn from the psychometric weaknesses of tests currently used in clinical practice. (2) Method: First, we presented the 3DJT to experts in cognition, who evaluated the tool as a whole as well as the content validity, relevance, and acceptability of 72 scenarios. Second, an improved version was administered to 70 subjects without cognitive impairment to select scenarios with the best psychometric properties in order to build a future clinically short version of the test. (3) Results: Fifty-six scenarios were retained following expert evaluation. Results support the idea that the improved version has good internal consistency, and the concurrent validity primer shows that 3DJT is a good measure of judgment. Furthermore, the improved version was found to have a significant number of scenarios with good psychometric properties to prepare a clinical version of the test. (4) Conclusion: The 3DJT is an interesting alternative tool for assessing judgment. However, more studies are needed for its implementation in a clinical context.
Cyberbullying Detection Based on Emotion

Due to the detrimental consequences caused by cyberbullying, a great deal of research has been undertaken to propose effective techniques to resolve this reoccurring problem. The research presented in this paper is motivated by the fact that negative emotions can be caused by cyberbullying. This paper proposes cyberbullying detection models that are trained based on contextual, emotions and sentiment features. An Emotion Detection Model (EDM) was constructed using Twitter datasets that have been improved in terms of its annotations. Emotions and sentiment were extracted from cyberbullying datasets using EDM and lexicons based. Two cyberbullying datasets from Wikipedia and Twitter respectively were further improved by comprehensive annotation of emotion and sentiment features. The results show that anger, fear and guilt were the major emotions associated with cyberbullying. Subsequently, the extracted emotions were used as features in addition to contextual and sentiment features to train models for cyberbullying detection. The results demonstrate that using emotion features and sentiment has improved the performance of detecting cyberbullying by 0.5 to 0.6 recall. The proposed models also outperformed the state-of-the-art models by a 0.7 f1-score. The main contribution of this work is two-fold, which includes a comprehensive emotion-annotated dataset for cyberbullying detection, and an empirical proof of emotions as effective features for cyberbullying detection.
Challenges for building healthy food environment in an agricultural municipality in southern Brazil

ABSTRACT Objective The aim of this paper is to review the challenges for the development of healthier food environments in Palmeira da Missões, in Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil. Methods A qualitative approach was carried out with 29 participants. Data were produced through semi-structured interviews and the content was assessed by thematic categories. Results Three main difficulties were identified for the fostering of healthier food environments in the municipality: the disconnection between consumption and food production; the fragility in the food safety regulations and finally, the disconnection between public policies and local actions for food production. Conclusion The results allow to conclude that there are weaknesses concerning the food environments in Palmeira das Missões, which imply challenges for the fostering of healthy eating and, at the same time, a need for more effective articulation and local action.
Generation of ultrashort intense optical pulses at 1.6 μm from a bismuth triborate-based optical parametric chirped pulse amplifier with carrier-envelope phase stabilization

We describe a few-cycle intense optical parametric chirped pulse amplifier (OPCPA) in the IR that is based on bismuth triborate (BiB3O6, BIBO) crystals. Two Ti:sapphire chirped pulse amplification systems are used to generate seed and pump pulses for the OPCPA. Carrier-envelope phase (CEP)-stabilized seed pulses in the IR are produced by difference frequency mixing of white light spanning from the visible to near IR range. The seed pulses, which have a nearly one octave-spanning spectrum around 1.6 μm, are temporally stretched in an acousto-optic programmable dispersive filter and amplified up to 550 μJ in two BIBO-based parametric amplifiers without losing their bandwidth. After compression in a fused silica block, we obtained 9.2 fs optical pulses with a repetition rate of 1 kHz, which comprise less than two optical cycles at 1.6 μm. These optical pulses were used to generate extreme ultraviolet (XUV) high harmonics in krypton. We succeeded in measuring the CEP dependence of the XUV radiation near the silicon L edge around 100 eV, verifying the passive stabilization of the CEP of the sub-two cycle IR pulses. The XUV spectra consist of two half-cycle cutoffs and show a clear transition from a modulated structure to a continuum near the cutoff. The continuum-like spectra as well as their CEP dependence indicate that they originate in a single recombination burst, showing that few-cycle IR OPCPA light sources are capable of generating attosecond pulses in the XUV region.
Mechanical concept of aeroelastic demonstrator and methodology for experimental investigation of propeller aerodynamic derivatives

: Whirl flutter is a specific type of flutter instability, for which the experimental validation of the analytical results is required. One of the key issues is the solution of propeller aerodynamic forces on a vibrating propeller. To determine propeller forces and moments, aerodynamic derivatives are used. The complete solution includes six independent derivatives, four of which may be investigated experimentally. The subjected demonstrator represents a sting-mounted nacelle with a motor and propeller. It includes engine pitch and yaw degrees-of-freedom. Both stiffness constants are adjustable and both pivots are movable in the direction of the propeller axis. For the measurement, a single degree-of-freedom model is to be used; therefore, the blocking of either pitch or yaw movement is provided. Pitching moment (c m  ) and vertical force (c z  ) due to the pitch angle derivatives will be measured using pitch-only model arrangement. Pitching moment (c m  ) and vertical force (c z  ) due to the yaw angle derivatives will be measured using yaw-only model arrangement. Measurement includes pitch and yaw angles and pitch or yaw pivot moment, respectively. To separate the contributions of both force and moment to the total moment, the measurement of two configurations varying the distance between the gimbal axis and the propeller plane is used.
Industrial Hand Wheel Valves: Effects of Height and Torque Direction on Maximum Torque and Muscle Activity

Maximum torque and electromyography (EMG) of muscle activity when turning an 18 inch dia. hand wheel valve was measured at 3 different heights to determine the biomechanical loading on a worker's body. Twenty-four electric utility plant mechanics and operators participated in this study. The major independent variables were valve height (overhead, chest, and knee level) and torque direction (right and left). The major dependent variables were maximum torque (ft-lbs) and maximum voluntary contraction (%MVC) of EMG. Subject's exerted an average of 111 ft-lbs counterclockwise torque, which was greater that the mean 104 ft-lbs generated in the clockwise direction. Furthermore, participants exerted 13 to 16% greater torque at the overhead level than at chest level. When turning the valve counterclockwise (left), the %MVC of the left side muscles was greater than the right side muscles and vice versa for turning the valve clockwise (right).
A PHASE SPACE PROJECTIVE METHOD FOR MONTHLY TROPICAL CYCLONE FORECASTS

In this paper,based on the nonlinear theory and inner and outer factors of tropical cyclones affecting the Hainan province,models for forecasting TC monthly frequency were set up in phase space.Verifications of trial forecasts show that total forecast accuracy reaches 88.9 % in the rainy season from 2000 to 2005.The forecast of this method has much better effects than the present operational long-range forecast does.
Flexible Final-Time Stochastic Differential Dynamic Programming for Autonomous Vehicle Trajectory Optimization

In this article, the problem of autonomous vehicle trajectory optimization with flexible final time is concerned under the consideration of stochastic disturbances. Stochastic differential dynamic programming (SDDP) has been widely applied to address this type of problem due to its fast convergence and capability to handle model errors. Typically, traditional SDDP is designed with a deterministic final time, which is mainly assigned based on expert experiences. However, this may limit the implementation of this approach. To deal with this issue, we define the final time as a new optimal variable and propose an enhanced version of SDDP, named flexible final-time SDDP. The stochastic dynamic system is then characterized as a deterministic one with random state perturbances. An unscented transform approach is utilized to cope with the perturbed expected values. To verify the effectiveness of the proposed approach, a 3-D missile trajectory optimization problem is tested as an example. The simulation results show that the proposed method is able to address the stochastic trajectory optimization problem and can provide stronger robustness compared to other algorithms.
Effect of kharif greenmanuring and rabi tillage on physical properties of puddled clay loam under rice-wheat rotation

The effects of kharif greenmanuring and different rabi tillage operations on soil physical properties and rice-wheat yields were evaluated on clay loam soil (Typic Ustochrept). At 30 days after direct seeding of rice, bulk density of surface layer was significantly lower and root growth was more vigorous under greenmanure system (GM) than without greenmanure (WGM). Consequently at halvest, tillers and biomass and grain yield of rice under GM system were significantly higher than that under WGM system. In rabi, chisel and deep tillage systcms, reduced weed mass, lowered bulk density of surfate and subsurface soil and increascd hydraulic conductivity and infiltration rates, enhanced root growth and hence more wheat yield was obtained than that under minimum tillage system. Residual effect of greenmanuring on soil physical properties was apparent only during initial crop growth stage. Wheat grain yield under GM system did not differ much with that under WGM system in 1991–92 but was significantly higher than WGM system in 1992–93 after second consecutive application of ereenmanuring in kharif.
POLARITONS AND THEIR RAMAN SCATTERING

The polariton concepts have been presented by using the mixture effect between the electromagnetic wave and polarization wave, and make use of Maxell's equations, follow from the polariton equations and polariton dispersive equations, the concerning physical problemes are also discussed fully, some experimental motheds of excitation polariton are given too, finally, the examples of Raman scattering of polariton have been introduced minutely, meanwhile compared with other spectroscopies and corresponding optics.
Estimators of contingent probabilities and means with actuarial applications

ABSTRACT Contingent probabilities and means are ubiquitous in actuarial science. The correct interpretation of contingent probabilities and means as well as the probability theory behind them have been addressed by researchers. In this article, we explore their statistical aspect. We give non-parametric estimators of contingent probabilities and means. Then, we show that our estimators are strongly consistent. Moreover, we give the asymptotic distributions of our estimators. Finally, we provide several examples to demonstrate the applications of these estimators in actuarial science.
Observation of asymmetry in domain wall velocity under transverse magnetic field

The dynamics of a magnetic domain wall (DW) under a transverse magnetic field Hy are investigated in two-dimensional (2D) Co/Ni microstrips, where an interfacial Dzyaloshinskii-Moriya interaction (DMI) exists with DMI vector D lying in +y direction. The DW velocity exhibits asymmetric behavior for ±Hy; that is, the DW velocity becomes faster when Hy is applied antiparallel to D. The key experimental results are reproduced in a 2D micromagnetic simulation, which reveals that the interfacial DMI suppresses the periodic change of the average DW angle φ even above the Walker breakdown and that Hy changes φ, resulting in a velocity asymmetry. This suggests that the 2D DW motion, despite its microscopic complexity, simply depends on the average angle of the DW and thus can be described using a one-dimensional soliton model. These findings provide insight into the magnetic DW dynamics in 2D systems, which are important for emerging spin-orbitronic applications.
Effects of Coulomb Blockade on the Charge Transport through the Topological States of Finite Armchair Graphene Nanoribbons and Heterostructures

In this study, we investigate the charge transport properties of semiconducting armchair graphene nanoribbons (AGNRs) and heterostructures through their topological states (TSs), with a specific focus on the Coulomb blockade region. Our approach employs a two-site Hubbard model that takes into account both intra- and inter-site Coulomb interactions. Using this model, we calculate the electron thermoelectric coefficients and tunneling currents of serially coupled TSs (SCTSs). In the linear response regime, we analyze the electrical conductance (Ge), Seebeck coefficient (S), and electron thermal conductance (κe) of finite AGNRs. Our results reveal that at low temperatures, the Seebeck coefficient is more sensitive to many-body spectra than electrical conductance. Furthermore, we observe that the optimized S at high temperatures is less sensitive to electron Coulomb interactions than Ge and κe. In the nonlinear response regime, we observe a tunneling current with negative differential conductance through the SCTSs of finite AGNRs. This current is generated by electron inter-site Coulomb interactions rather than intra-site Coulomb interactions. Additionally, we observe current rectification behavior in asymmetrical junction systems of SCTSs of AGNRs. Notably, we also uncover the remarkable current rectification behavior of SCTSs of 9-7-9 AGNR heterostructure in the Pauli spin blockade configuration. Overall, our study provides valuable insights into the charge transport properties of TSs in finite AGNRs and heterostructures. We emphasize the importance of considering electron–electron interactions in understanding the behavior of these materials.
1 Crop Breeding and Applied Biotechnology - 23(1): e439023112, 2023 Genetic diversity of Rhododendron henanense subsp. lingbaoense revealed by whole-genome resequencing

: Rhododendron henanense subsp. lingbaoense Fang (Rhl) is a sub-species endemic to China with important ornamental value. Recently, the Rhl population has been shrinking as a result of its limited distribution range, poor natural regeneration, and rising human exploitation. In this study, high-quality single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) identified through whole-genome re - sequencing were examined in 50 individuals from four populations of Rhl with a depth of ~34× to evaluate genome-level diversity and population structure. Population structure profiling, principal component analysis, and phylogenetic analysis clustered the Rhl samples into two groups corresponding to their geographical distributions. Analysis of SNPs indicated that Rhl populations have high genetic diversity and little genetic differentiation. Additionally, demographic history indicated that all four populations of Rhl have experienced long-term population decline. The above findings showed that we should take action to protect this rare species.
Fabrication of microlens array and bifocal microlens using the methods of laser ablation and solvent reflow

Abstract. Based on the techniques of laser microdrilling and solvent reflow, this study reports on a straightforward approach for fabricating plastic microlens arrays (MLAs). First, we use the ArF excimer laser to drill microholes on a polymethylmethacrylate plate for defining the lens number, initial depth, and diameter. The propylene glycol monomethyl ether acetate solvent is then employed to regulate the surface profile that leads to a resulting negative (concave) MLA. The corresponding positive (convex), polydimethyl-siloxane MLA is obtained by the soft-replica-molding technique. Through varying the pattern size and period on the mask and the light intensity for laser drilling and regulating the solvent in the reflow process, we exhibit the feasibility of making MLAs with various sizes and shapes. By modifying the laser ablation step to drill two microholes with different diameters and depths at two levels, we fabricate a bifocal microlens. The obtained microlenses have excellent surface and optical properties: surface roughness down to several nanometers and focal lengths varying from hundreds to thousands of micrometers. This approach is flexible for constructing microlenses with various sizes and shapes and can fabricate MLAs with a high fill factor.
Privacy-Preserving Collaborative Sharing for Sharing Economy in Fog-Enhanced IoT

Fog-enhanced Internet of Things (IoT) has been widely deployed in the field of collaboration and sharing. However, participants expressed concern about the fairness of cost-sharing and privacy of data because of complicated collaborative sharing and untrusted fog nodes in network. In this paper, a novel privacy-preserving collaborative sharing protocol is proposed in fog-enhanced IoT. This protocol, based on the Paillier cryptosystems, can guarantee that only the coarse aggregate of users’ requests are used to achieve fair cost-sharing without any communication between users. In addition, with the proposed protocol, the data stored in the device can be accurately transmitted to the user in accordance with each user’s request without prying into the user’s personal schedule. To demonstrate the security of our protocol, the thorough security analysis is performed. A significant number of experiments and comparison with existing schemes indicates that the suggested protocol is feasible.
The Process of Contract Compliance: A Public Procurement Perspective

Purpose/Objectives: The purpose of this study was to determine the ideal contract compliance process in Uganda from a state department perspective. Design/Methodology/Approach: In conducting this study, the interpretivist approach using the qualitative methodology was employed. Telephonic interviews and focus group discussions via the Zoom online platform with semi-structured interviews were conducted among 29 procurement officers, heads of finance departments, heads of procurement departments, auditors and accounting officers. The interviews explored matters concerning what is regarded as the ideal contract compliance process. Findings: The findings indicate that the ideal contract compliance involves the following nine stages: understanding the law; procurement planning; requisitioning; establishing funds availability for the items procured; sourcing providers; contract awarding; appointing contract managers; monitoring deliveries; and payment. Practical Implications: Studies such as the current one widen the management scope and suggest that state departments should read the mind of society and continuously engage with them; make SMART plans and budgets; streamline processes; involve technical people; legally assess the contract; and follow the existing laws. Originality/Value: The cost of contract non-compliance is high and could lead to missed deadlines; delays in executing contracts; litigation and even cancellation of contracts. This could result in a lack of transparency and accountability; poor performance; inefficiency; and poor resource usage. To prevent these negative impacts, state departments could add policy recommendations to implement an effective contract compliance process.
Creation of guiding patterns for directed self-assembly of block copolymers by resistless direct e-beam exposure

Abstract. We present an approach for the creation of guiding patterns to direct the self-assembly of block copolymers. A neutral layer of a brush polymer is directly exposed by electrons, causing the cross-linking of the brush molecules, and thus changing its local affinity. The advantage relies on the achievable resolution and the reduction of the process steps in comparison with deep UV and conventional electron beam lithography, since it avoids the use of a resist. We envision that this method will be highly valuable for the investigation of high-chi directed self-assembly materials and complex guiding pattern designs, where pattern placement and resolution are becoming critical.