Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Methane hydrates in Black Sea deep-sea fans : Characteristics, implications, and related geohazards

This thesis focusses on two gas-hydrate-bearing study sites in the Black Sea. These sites are located in the vicinity of the Danube and Don-Kuban deep-sea fan complexes. By using a variety of geophysical methods, including 2D and 3D seismics, sidescan sonar, and sediment echosounder methods, as well as geochemical analysis and geotechnical modeling, three case studies were investigated. In the first case study, anomalous multiple bottom simulating reflectors (BSRs) were investigated, which occur in the levees of a buried channel-levee system of the Danube deep-sea fan. The BSRs are likely paleo-BSRs caused by a change in pressure and temperature conditions during different limnic phases of the Black Sea. The BSRs remain visible in seismic data because free gas is likely still present beneath them. As the free gas can only be transported by diffusion, it largely remains trapped within the fine-grained levee deposits, and therefore only small amounts of gas are released after gas hydrate dissociation. The second case study focusses on a potential shallow gas hydrate reservoir that is of interest in terms of exploitation of gas hydrates as an energy resource. To determine whether a hypothetical gas production out of the hydrate reservoir induces slope failures along the seabed slopes near the production area, a slope stability analysis was carried out. Seafloor subsidence due to reservoir compaction likely does not reduce the stability of the nearby slope. Consequently, naturally occurring slope failures are more likely to occur than landslides triggered by gas hydrate production. The third case study focuses on the Kerch seep site located in the Don Kuban deep-sea fan in the northeastern Black Sea. The seep site is located within the GHSZ in about 900 m water depth. Each of the three seeps hosts its own gas pocket underneath the seep domes. The transport of biogenic methane predominantly occurs in the form of gas bubbles along narrow pipes through the GHSZ.
ES Critical Reviews: Transformations of halogenated aliphatic compounds.

This article summarizes and systematizes the current understanding of abiotic and biotic chemistry of halogenated aliphatic compounds. Knowledge of abiotic transformations can provide a conceptual framework for understanding biologically mediated transformations. Most abiotic transformations are slow, but they can still be significant within the time scales commonly associated with ground water movement. In contrast, biotic transformations typically proceed much faster, provided that there are sufficient substrate and nutrients and a microbial population that can mediate such transformation. Recent studies, which describe transformations of halogenated aliphatic compounds in microbial and mammalian systems, are also discussed. These studies reveal broad patterns of transformation in biological systems in general. 114 references, 8 figures, 12 tables.
Malware Detection Based on Structural and Behavioural Features of API Calls

In this paper, we propose a five-step approach to detect obfuscated malware by investigating the structural and behavioural features of API calls. We have developed a fully automated system to disassemble and extract API call features effectively from executables. Using n-gram statistical analysis of binary content, we are able to classify if an executable file is malicious or benign. Our experimental results with a dataset of 242 malwares and 72 benign files have shown a promising accuracy of 96.5% for the unigram model. We also provide a preliminary analysis by our approach using support vector machine (SVM) and by varying n-values from 1 to 5, we have analysed the performance that include accuracy, false positives and false negatives. By applying SVM, we propose to train the classifier and derive an optimum n-gram model for detecting both known and unknown malware efficiently.
JCB_200809136 521..534

The Rockefeller University Press $30.00 J. Cell Biol. Vol. 185 No. 3 521–534 www.jcb. org/cgi/doi/10.1083/jcb.200809136 JCB 521 Correspondence to Ronald D. Vale: vale@cmp.ucsf. edu Abbreviations used in this paper: APC, antigen-presenting cell; cSMAC, central SMAC; CTB, cholera toxin subunit B; GPI, glycosylphosphatidylinositol; ITAM, immunoreceptor tyrosine-based activation motif; SMAC, supramolecular activation cluster; TCR, T cell receptor; TIRF, total internal reflection fluorescence. Introduction
Visualizing Acute Stroke Data to Improve Clinical Outcomes

Acute stroke care has highly time-dependent treatments that require teams of personnel to achieve good outcomes. It is estimated that for every minute the middle cerebral artery remains blocked in an ischemic stroke, 1.9 million neurons are lost.1 Reducing the variance and improving door-to-needle (DTN) time for thrombolysis and time from computed tomography (CT)-to-groin puncture for endovascular therapy will improve outcomes for patients with stroke.1–5 Therefore, reducing variance and improving treatment times are critical components for quality assurance efforts in stroke care. Feedback of DTN performance data has been used in quality improvement initiatives for acute stroke treatment.6,7 In a similar manner, we have observed that the first step of simply providing healthcare personnel with their measured metrics is an inducement to improve and work faster. However, the acute stroke performance data need to be presented in manner that is easy to understand, and it should be available through commonly used modalities to facilitate widespread use. ### Background on Information Visualization Information visualization is a discipline in its own right that combines graphical display in static or dynamic form to reveal a new understanding of data. In clinical medicine, novel methods of information visualization can lead to improved clinical outcomes at both the population and individual levels.8 Famously, in the mid-1800s, John Snow was able to isolate a contaminated water-well and show that cholera was water born by mapping the location and frequency of cholera infections in London’s Soho district.9 Florence Nightingale used her rose petal graphic to show the rise in mortality because of hospital-acquired infections during the Crimean war.10 Simplifying clinical concepts into graphics that are easy to understand can provide insight into the causes of poor health outcomes and lead to positive changes. ### Visualizations in Health Care There has been a rise in the use of …
Metabolites from Microsphaeropsis olivacea, an Endophytic Fungus of Pilgerodendron uviferum

Seven compounds belonging to different structural skeletons were isolated from Microsphaeropsis olivacea grown in liquid and solid media. The enalin derivative 7-hydroxy-2,4- dimethyl-3(2H)-benzofuranone is reported for the first time, while additional spectroscopic information is provided for the acetates of botrallin and ulocladol. The activity of the isolated compounds was assessed towards the enzyme acetylcholinesterase (AChE) and their cytotoxicity against human lung fibroblasts. Graphislactone A and botrallin presented a moderate activity towards AChE, with IC50 of 8.1 and 6.1 μg/ml (27 and 19 μᴍ, respectively). Under the same experimental conditions, the IC50 of the standard inhibitor galanthamine was 3 μg/ml. The cytotoxicity of both compounds was > 1000 and 330 μᴍ, respectively. None of the compounds was promising as antibacterial or antifungic against phytopathogenic fungi and bacteria. Botrallin and graphislactone A were detected in the liquid potato-dextrose and yeast extract/ malt extract/dextrose as well as on a solid substrate (rice). Butyrolactone I was obtained from the fungus growing on solid medium.
Recommender system using hybrid approach

Efforts from multiple disciplines involving various fields like Human Computer Interaction, Marketing, or Consumer Behavior, Data Mining, Adaptive User Interfaces, Artificial intelligence, Statistics, Information Technology and Decision Support Systems contribute to development of recommender system. In today's scenario, there exists different recommender algorithms used for filtering data and providing user with best suitable choices. The way people find products and information is greatly affected by recommender systems. Recommender system is thus, a tool to reduce the overloaded data. In this paper, we propose a new algorithm Composite Search that combines few filtering algorithms and presents refined result, eliminating drawbacks of other algorithms. We present our approach that processes data and provides more filtered result.
$\ell_{\infty}/L_{\infty} $-Gain Analysis for Positive Linear Systems With Unbounded Time-Varying Delays

This technical note addresses the ℓ∞-gain (respectively, L∞-gain) analysis problem for discrete-time (respectively, continuous-time) positive linear systems with unbounded time-varying delays. For the discrete-time case, by virtue of the monotonicity of an auxiliary system and the corresponding delay-free system, it is shown that the ℓ∞-gain of discrete-time positive systems with unbounded delays is insensitive of the magnitude of delays. For the continuous-time case, we first construct a sampled-data positive system and analyze its monotonicity and asymptotic behavior. Then, by comparing the delayed positive system with the proposed sampled-data positive system and the corresponding delay-free system, it is further proved that the L∞-gain of continuous-time positive systems with unbounded delays is also independent of the delays and fully determined by the system matrices. The application of the results is illustrated by a sampled-data system with unbounded sampling intervals.
Sensitivity analysis for control parameter determination for a nonlinear cable-mass system

The MinMax controller results from a differential game approach to solving the H∞ control problem. As such, the MinMax controller involves a design parameter, which gives a measure of robustness for the controller. There exists no explicit formula for determining the design parameter, and the optimal value must be determined experimentally. Instead of choosing the parameter value experimentally and suffering the computational expense, it would be more efficient if the design parameter could be determined by a prescribed formula based on a mathematically rigorous criterion. In this paper, the author employs continuous sensitivity equation methods to examine the sensitivity of the controlled state with respect to variation of the MinMax control parameter, with the goal being to explore the possibility of determining an efficient assignment of the parameter that is mathematically justified. Numerical simulations are performed on a one-dimensional nonlinear cable-mass system, and the results are presented.
A Novel Algorithm of Managing Replication and Transaction through Read-one-Write-All Monitoring Synchronization Transaction System (ROWA-MSTS)

The birth of remarkable advance in the development of computer and hardware in computer world has enables us to access information anytime and anywhere regardless of the geography factor. Therefore, replication in distributed system environment has become increasingly popular due to its high degree of availability, fault tolerance and enhance the performance of a system. Read-One-Write-All Monitoring Synchronization Transaction System (ROWA-MSTS) has been developed to monitor data replication and transaction perform in distributed system environment. This paper presents a new algorithm to manage replication and transaction using ROWA-MSTS. The propose algorithm through ROWA-MSTS by deploying real time application in distributed systems environment. The propose algorithm implementation shows that ROWA-MSTS able to monitor the replicated data distribution while maintaining the data consistency over multiple sites.
The Relationship between Levels of Lipids and Lipoprotein B- 100 in Maternal Serum and Umbilical Cord Serum and Assessing Their Effects on Newborn Infants Anthropometric Indices

A R T I C L E I N F O A B S T R A C T Article type: Original article Background & aim: This study aimed to determine the relationship between lipid and apolipoprotein B-100 (apo B-100) levels in maternal and umbilical cord sera as well as the effects of these components on anthropometric measurements of newborn infants. Methods: This correlational study was performed on 85 appropriate for gestational age (AGA) newborns and their mothers. For analysis, 5 ml of maternal blood and 5 ml of umbilical venous cord blood were obtained during labor and immediately after delivery, respectively. Sera were separated by centrifugation and analyzed on the same day for estimation of lipid profile including total cholesterol (TC), triglyceride (TG), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), and apolipoprotein B-100. Also, anthropometric indices of newborn infants were measured and recorded. Pearson’s correlation coefficient was used to determine the relationship between variables. Results: There was a positive correlation between maternal and neonatal serum TC levels (r=0.23, P=0.042). Maternal LDL-C level was positively correlated with neonatal HDL-C (r=0.24, P=0.035), TC (r=0.29, P=0.01), and apolipoprotein B-100 levels (r=0.25, P=0.031). A significant positive correlation was observed between maternal apolipoprotein B-100 level and neonatal TC (r=0.26, P=0.019), HDL-C (r=0.23, P=0.043), and apolipoprotein B-100 levels (r=0.24, P=0.038). Maternal TG level was positively correlated with neonatal crown-heel length (r=0.27, P=0.018) and birth weight (r=0.23, P=0.039). However, maternal HDL-C level was negatively correlated with neonatal birth weight (r=-0.29, P=0.01) and chest circumference (r=-0.27, P=0.019). A significant negative correlation was found between cord blood TG level and newborn’s head circumference (r=- 0.23 P=0.046). Conclusion: Maternal lipid profile can affect neonatal lipid level and anthropometric measurements.
Casting shadows on holographic reconstruction

In the context of the AdS/CFT correspondence, we study several holographic probes that relate information about the bulk spacetime to CFT data. The best-known example is the relation between minimal surfaces in the bulk and entanglement entropy of a subregion in the CFT. Building on earlier work, we identify \shadows" in the bulk: regions that are not illuminated by any of the bulk probes we consider, in the sense that the bulk surfaces do not pass through these regions. We quantify the size of the shadow in the near horizon region of a black hole and in the vicinity of a suciently dense star. The existence of shadows motivates further study of the bulk-boundary dictionary in order to identify CFT quantities that encode information about the shadow regions in the bulk. We speculate on the interpretation of our results from a dual eld theory perspective.
Error Correction of Noisy Block Cipher Using Cipher and Plaintext Characteristics

Contemporary proven cryptographic algorithms, like the Advanced Encryption Standard (AES), are used in many secure data storage systems. Cipher data when written or read might be subject to noise. Classical error detection and correction methods are not suitable for encrypted data. In this paper, error detection and correction is performed at the receiver end, without any changes to the encryption algorithm. One of the properties of encrypted information is that all encrypted blocks have a minimum hamming distance from each other. This property is exploited to obtain the exact correct block. When error correction based on the encrypted data cannot be performed, natural language properties of plaintext data are used to eliminate noise. The plaintext blocks surrounding the noisy plaintext block are used to generate possible candidates. In case a unique solution is not achieved, n-gram properties of the plaintext language are used to rank the possibilities and promote the best fit.
Modified histogram equalization for image contrast enhancement

Histogram equalization (HE) is one of the common methods used for improving contrast in digital images. However, this technique will cause an effect on brightness saturation or shadow in some almost homogeneous area. In order to avoid these effects, mean preserving bi-histogram equalization (BBHE) method is proposed. In this paper, we propose a novel HE with variable enhancement degree (HEwVED). Moreover the BBHE with variable enhancement degree (BBHEwVED) is also proposed. The enhancement degree of each of these methods is controlled by only one parameter. We also show the guide to decide this parameter. Since our method is able to control the enhancement degree and the mean of image is tend to be preserved, all kinds of images are enhanced adequately.
Strain-induced change of surface reconstructions for InAs(001)

The effect of strain on the stability of different surface reconstructions on InAs ~001! is investigated with density-functional theory calculations. The effects of isotropic as well as anisotropic tensile and compressive strain is investigated, and the results are presented in corresponding equilibrium phase diagrams. I find that the range of stability for any of the relevant reconstructions can be changed significantly, and, in fact, a reconstruction that is unstable in an unstrained system might be stabilized upon application of external strain.
Optimal sensor selection for discrete-event systems with partial observation

For discrete-event systems under partial observation, we study the problem of selection of an optimal set of sensors that can provide sufficient yet minimal events observation information. The sufficiency of the observed information is captured as the fulfillment of a desired formal property. Selection of sensors can be viewed as a selection of an observation mask and also of an equivalence class of events. A sensor set is called optimal if any coarser selection of the corresponding equivalence class of events results in some significant loss of the events observation information. We study an optimal selection of sensors over the set of general "nonprojection" observation masks. We show that this problem is NP hard in general. For mask-monotonic properties, we present a "top-down" and a "bottom-up" algorithm each of polynomial complexity. We show that observerness is not mask-monotonic. We show that the computational complexity can be further improved if the property is preserved under the projection via an intermediary observation mask that is an observer. Our results are obtained in a general setting so that they can be adapted for an optimal selection of sensors for a variety of applications.
Revisiting the relation between language and cognition:A Cross-cultural Study with odors

Nous avons etudie la relation entre la codabilite des odeurs et leur representation en memoire dans trois groupes culturels, francais, americain et vietnamien. Dans une premiere experience, nous avons demande a des participants des trois cultures d’identifier par deux fois un ensemble de 40 odorants. A partir de cette tâche, nous avons calcule la codabilite de chacun des 40 odorants. Dans une deuxieme experience, nous avons demande a un autre groupe de participants de chaque culture de realiser une tâche de reconnaissance par oui/non sur le meme ensemble d’odorants. Les resultats de l’experience 1 suggerent que la codabilite des odeurs (1) est une dimension pertinente car certaines odeurs sont plus codables que d’autres au sein d’une meme culture, (2) peut etre mesuree de maniere equivalente par des indices d’accords intra et interpersonnels, et (3) varie entre les cultures en fonction de l’environnement olfactif et de la structure du langage. Les resultats de l’experience 2 montrent que les scores de codabilite en France predisent les performances de memoire de reconnaissance dans les trois cultures mais que les scores aux Etats-Unis et au Vietnam n’en predisent aucun des scores de reconnaissances.
What does cerebral oximetry measure?

Editor—We feel that the recent paper by Yoshitani and colleagues1 raises important issues. They demonstrated that, in patients undergoing elective hip arthroplasty, normovolaemic haemodilution caused no change in jugular bulb saturations () but decreased cerebral saturations () when measured with a cerebral oximeter (INVOS 4100S). Two explanations were offered for the unexpected disparity in readings. First, they postulated that subtle changes in regional might not be revealed with the global measure provided by . Second, they proposed that changes in near infrared path length induced by haemodilution could affect the readings.
VISITORS SATISFACTION IN DUBAI AND PRE - TRIP DESTINATION IMAGE

Understanding the factors that influence tourists’ satisfaction and the pre-trip destination image of potential visitors is particularly important for policy makers and tourism marketers. The objective of this study is twofold; first to assess the satisfaction level of tourists who have visited Dubai and further explore the factors that shape it and associate with it. Second, to assess the intention to visit Dubai according to the pre-trip destination image of potential tourists. This empirical study relies on a unique sample of 210 participants from all over the world in the year 2017. Several demographic characteristics as well as variables related to the trip process and the city attributes are collected and explored in order to document any relationship between the two groups. The major findings of the ordered logit analysis demonstrate that the city attributes are the most significant contributors to tourists’ satisfaction and to non visitors’ intention to visit Dubai. Trip factors and demographic characteristics also play a significant role only for the group of visitors. The overall satisfaction is what creates loyalty and drives tourists to repeat their visit.
SenseClusters - Finding Clusters that Represent Word Senses

SenseClusters is a freely available word sense discrimination system that takes a purely unsupervised clustering approach. It uses no knowledge other than what is available in a raw unstructured corpus, and clusters instances of a given target word based only on their mutual contextual similarities. It is a complete system that provides support for feature selection from large corpora, several different context representation schemes, various clustering algorithms, and evaluation of the discovered clusters.
Hair dyes are mutagenic: identification of a variety of mutagenic ingredients.

We have previously described a sensitive bacterial test for dectecting carcinogens as mutagens. We have previously described a sensitive bacterial test for detecting carcinogens as mutagens. We show here that 89% (150/169) of commercial oxidative-type (hydrogen peroxide) hair dye formulations are mutagenic in this test. Of the 18 components of these hair dyes, nine show various degrees of mutagenicity:2,4-diaminoanisole, 4-nitro-o-phenylenediamine, 2-nitro-p-phenylenediamine, 2,5-diaminoanisole, 2-amino-5-nitrophenol, m-phenylenediamine, o-phenylenediamine, 2-amino-4-nitrophenol, and 2,5-diaminotoluene. Three hair dye components (p-phenylenediamine, 2,5-diaminotuluene, and 2,5-diaminoanisole) become strongly mutagenic after oxidation by H2O2: the mutagenic product of p-phenylenediamine is identified as the known trimer, Bandrowski's base. 2,4-Diaminotoluene, a hair dye component until recently, is also shown to be mutagenic: this compound has been shown to be a carcinogen in rats and is used in large amounts in the polyurethane foam industry. About 20,000,000 people (mostly women) dye their hair in the U.S. and the hazard could be considerable if these chemicals are actually mutagenic and carcinogenic in humans.