Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Internode length and fibre diameter in developing and regenerating nerves.

The processes of myelin formation during nerve regeneration have been relatively little studied; it is now known that the normal spectrum of fibre diameter reappears after a nerve has been interrupted by crushing, though not after severance and suture (Gutmann & Sanders, 1943), but there is no information available about the recovery of the internodal distances. In a normal nerve there is a linear relationship between internodal distance and diameter, but it is not known whether this relationship reappears after regeneration. * Investigation of the question should serve to throw light on the unsolved problem of the significance of the nodes of Ranvier. No consistent theory has been put forward to explain the origin and significance of the segmentation of peripheral nerve fibres, though it has frequently been suggested that the nodes play an important part in conduction (see von Muralt, 1946). Thus Hursh (1939) describes an increase of conduction velocity pari pass with the length of the limb in cats: since internodal length and size of the limb bear a relationship this suggests a possible connexion between internodal length and speed of conduction. Such a connexion has also been suggested by Offner, Weinberg & Young (1940) '. and it is clear that internodal length and width of the Ranvier nodes as well as diameter explicitly determine the functional relationship between velocity and diameter according to the present theory'. However, investigations by Sanders & Whitteridge (1946) of regenerated nerves, in which all the internodal segments were short, showed no relation between internodal length and conduction velocity. The function of the nodes therefore remains quite uncertain: their origin is equally obscure. The observations of Speidel (1932) suggest that the spacing of the Schwann cells controls internode lengths; alternatively it has been suggested that the segmentation is determined by surface tension dividing the myelin into long droplets (Young, 1945). To test these theories we have made estimations of the relationship between internodal distance and diameter in nerves of rabbits under the following conditions: (1) in normal adult animals, (2) in adult animals during the stages of nerve regeneration, (3) in young animals at various stages of growth, (4) in young animals during the stages of nerve regeneration.
An Approach to Sharing Solutions to Software Project Management Problems

Software project management becomes more challenging due to increase in budget investment and stiff business competition requiring urgent deliveries. The paper presents an approach to sharing solutions to software project management problems. It includes risk identification, risk analysis and planning, risk prioritization, risk monitoring and risk control. The model incorporates problem analysis of historical data of projects which gives a good basis for risk projection. Organizations get to share project management problems and solutions in anonymity.
Entrepreneurship education in Japanese universities – how do we train for risk taking in a culture of risk adverseness?

In this paper, we focus on entrepreneurship education at universities in Japan. In this country, entrepreneurship in terms of willingness to take the risk of setting up a business is at the lowest level in international comparison surveys such as the Global Entrepreneurship Monitor. This tendency to have a lack of entrepreneurship among Japanese people is based on the traditional cultural climate which is not necessarily favourable for entrepreneurs. The era of economic expansion needs another period of vitality after overcoming the crisis and stagnation since the beginning of the 1990s after the collapse of a so-called bubble economy. Under these circumstances, the necessary entrepreneurship education has been enhanced and developed at Japanese universities. Firstly, we overview the background behind the lack of entrepreneurship in Japan and explain how the necessity of entrepreneurship education is treated. Secondly, we analyse the development of entrepreneurship education at universities in Japan and sum up the supporting policies and also the general state of entrepreneurship courses. Thirdly, we present the status-quo of some universities advanced in entrepreneurship education. Lastly, we describe entrepreneurship education in the NBS (Graduate School of Business) course at Nihon University, one of the leading universities in Japan in this domain.
Medical Treatment of Gastroenteropancreatic Neuroendocrine Tumors

Treatment of the clinically and prognostically heterogeneous neuroendocrine neoplasms (NEN) should be based on a multidisciplinary approach, including surgical, interventional, medical and nuclear medicine-based therapeutic options. Medical therapies include somatostatin analogues, interferon-α, mTOR inhibitors, multikinase inhibitors and systemic chemotherapy. For the selection of the appropriate medical treatment the hormonal activity, primary tumor localization, tumor grading and growth behaviour as well as the extent of the disease must be considered. Somatostatin analogues are mainly indicated in hormonally active tumors for symptomatic relief, but antiproliferative effects have also been demonstrated, especially in well-differentiated intestinal NET. The efficacy of everolimus and sunitinib in patients with pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors (pNET) has been demonstrated in large placebo-controlled clinical trials. pNETs are also chemosensitive. Streptozocin-based chemotherapeutic regimens are regarded as current standard of care. Temozolomide in combination with capecitabine is an alternative that has shown promising results that need to be confirmed in larger trials. Currently, no comparative studies and no molecular markers are established that predict the response to medical treatment. Therefore the choice of treatment for each pNET patient is based on individual parameters taking into account the patient’s preference, expected side effects and established response criteria such as proliferation rate and tumor load. Platin-based chemotherapy is still the standard treatment for poorly differentiated neuroendocrine carcinomas. Clearly, there is an unmet need for new systemic treatment options in patients with extrapancreatic neuroendocrine tumors.
The Effects of Profit-Sharing on Employment, Wages, Stock Returns and Productivity: Evidence from UK Micro-data

This paper provides evidence based on U.K. firm-level data that: (1) the authors cannot reject the view that profit-sharing firms view the total level of remuneration as the marginal cost of labor, which is contrary to much of Weitzman's analysis; (2) there is some support for the popular view that profit sharing raises total remuneration and can, therefore, be inflationary; and (3) the introduction of profit sharing does lead to higher productivity, but, this combined with the employment-reducing consequences of (2) leads the authors to conclude that the net employment effect is small and uncertain. Copyright 1990 by Royal Economic Society.
Co-Citation Analysis on Subject Treatment of Information: a Study Based on Publications From Brazilian Researchers on Information Science

Introduction This work aims to survey and analyze co-citations from journals’ articles published, from 2004 to 2008, by researchers from Information Science Graduate Programs who conduct investigations into Subject Treatment of Information. The current study is justified since the theme is considered central to the field of Information Science (Hjorland, 2000). We intend through metric treatments, particularly co-citation analysis, to outline the scientific communication network formed by those researchers.
Presence of Hyperplastic Pectoral Mammary Glands in a White-footed Mouse (Peromyscus leucopus) from a Superfund Site in Oklahoma, USA

Laboratory experiments have documented the effects of hormones and endocrine-disrupting compounds on mammary development in mammals. However, few observations of mammary hyperplasia have been presented for wild rodents. We describe hyperplastic mammary glands in a wild-caught white-footed mouse (Peromyscus leucopus) from an area contaminated with heavy metals.
Swedish trade unions and European Union migrant workers

The enlargement of the European Union in 2004 increased the flows of workers across national borders within the unions, making action against social dumping an increased priority for unions. Which factors influence unions’ choices of strategies against wage dumping? Research has shown that in a cross-national perspective, unions with stronger institutional positions, defined as their influence on public policy and extent of collective bargaining coverage, have tended to be less interested in organising migrant workers than unions with weaker institutional positions. This article examines the choices made by three Swedish unions, all three with strong institutional positions, in responding to migrant workers: two have developed extensive organising responses, while the third relies on cooperation with employers and collective bargaining coverage to counteract social dumping. The article shows that intra-national variation can be explained by sectoral-based issues: that is, variation at both a country and sectoral level influences unions’ strategic choices towards migrant workers. The article further highlights the transference of the Anglo-Saxon union revitalisation model in some sectors of the Swedish trade union movement, which faces increasing pressure as a result of labour precariousness in the Swedish labour market.
Optimal Loss Mitigation and Contract Design

This work examines the interaction between the premium rates set by an insurer and the incentives of an individual to purchase market insurance and undertake mitigation to reduce the size of a potential loss. A risk-neutral monopolistic insurer prices insurance according to the price-elasticity of demand for coverage. The elasticity of demand is affected by the presence of both mitigation and government intervention. The availability of loss reduction activities increases the consumer's elasticity of demand and lowers the optimal rate charged by the monopolist. Government intervention reduces both expenditures on mitigation and the rate charged by the monopolistic insurer.
ALMA Compact Array observations of the Fried Egg nebula: Evidence for large-scale asymmetric mass-loss from the yellow hypergiant IRAS 17163-3907.

Yellow hypergiants are rare and represent a fast evolutionary stage of massive evolved stars. That evolutionary phase is characterised by a very intense mass loss, the understanding of which is still very limited. Here we report ALMA Compact Array observations of a 50″-mosaic toward the Fried Egg nebula, around one of the few Galactic yellow hypergiants IRAS 17163-3907. The emission from the 12CO J=2-1 line, H30α recombination line, and continuum is imaged at a resolution of ~8″, revealing the morphology of the molecular environment around the star. The continuum emission is unresolved and peaks at the position of the star. The radio recombination line H30α shows unresolved emission at the star, with an approximately gaussian spectrum centered on a velocity of 21±3 km s-1 with a width of 57±6 km s-1. In contrast, the CO 2-1 emission is complex and decomposes into several components beyond the contamination from interstellar gas in the line of sight. The CO spectrum toward the star is a broad plateau, centered at the systemic velocity of +18 km s-1 and with an expansion velocity of 100±10 km s-1. Assuming isotropic and constant mass-loss, we estimate a mass-loss rate of 8±1.5 ×10-5 M⊙ yr-1. At a radius of 25″ from the star, we detect CO emission associated with the dust ring previously imaged by Herschel. The kinematics of this ring, however, is not consistent with an expanding shell, but show a velocity gradient of vsys ±20 km s-1. In addition, we find a puzzling bright feature radially connecting the star to the CO ring, at a velocity of +40 km s-1 relative to the star. This spur feature may trace a unidirectional ejection event from the star. Our ACA observations reveal the complex morphology around IRAS 17163 and illustrate the breakthroughs that ALMA will bring to the field of massive stellar evolution.
Diacylglycerol acyltranferase 1 anti‐sense oligonucleotides reduce hepatic fibrosis in mice with nonalcoholic steatohepatitis

Retinyl ester (RE) stores decrease during hepatic stellate cell (HSC) activation and liver fibrosis. Although retinol esterification is mostly catalyzed by lecithin:retinol acyltransferase (LRAT), diacylglycerol acyltransferase (DGAT)1 also does this. In previous reports, LRAT−/− mice had reduced hepatic RE but neither excessive HSC activation nor liver fibrosis, and DGAT1−/− mice had increased liver levels of RE and retinol. We sought to clarify the role of DGAT1 in liver fibrosis. Expression of DGAT1/2 was compared by real time PCR in freshly isolated, primary mouse HSCs and hepatocytes. To induce nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) and liver fibrosis, adult male db/db mice were fed methionine choline–deficient (MCD) diets. Half were treated with DGAT1 antisense oligonucleotide (ASO); the rest were injected with saline. Results were compared with chow‐fed controls. Inhibition of DGAT1 in liver had no effect on hepatic triglyceride content or liver necroinflammation but reduced HSC activation and liver fibrosis in mice with NASH. To evaluate the role of DGAT1 in HSC activation, HSC were isolated from healthy rats treated with DGAT1 ASO or saline. DGAT1 was expressed at relatively high levels in HSCs. HSC isolated from DGAT1 ASO‐treated rats had reduced DGAT1 expression and increased messenger RNA (mRNA) levels of LRAT and cellular retinol binding protein‐1. During culture, they retained more vitamin A, had repressed collagen a2 (I) transcriptional activity, and expressed less collagen a1 (I) and a2 (I) mRNA. Conclusion: DGAT1 may be a therapeutic target in NASH because inhibiting DGAT1 favorably altered. HSC retinoid homeostasis and inhibited hepatic fibrosis in mice with NASH. (HEPATOLOGY 2007.)
IgVH gene mutation status and genomic imbalances in chronic lymphocytic leukaemia with increased prolymphocytes (CLL/PL)

Chronic lymphocytic leukaemia (CLL) with increased prolymphocytes (CLL/PL) has been defined by the World Health Organization (WHO) classification and considered as a progressive and clinically aggressive variant of CLL. To further characterize the biological features of this disease, we performed IgVH gene mutational status, FISH and high‐resolution comparative genomic hybridization (HR‐CGH) analysis in 17 cases of CLL/PL. All CLL/PL utilized members of VH1, VH3 and VH4 families, with the highest prevalence of the VH1‐69 gene. In all but one cases analyzed, the VH genes were unmutated. The FISH and HR‐CGH analyses showed frequent occurrence of trisomy 12, del(11)(q23), del(17)(p13) and genetic imbalances, but recurrent genetic lesion characteristic for CLL/PL was not found. The follow‐up HR‐CGH analysis of two cases showed that increase of prolymphocytes in the course of CLL or CLL/PL are associated with clonal evolution and selection of the tumour clone. In conclusion, this study suggests that CLL/PL is a relatively homogeneous disease regarding VH gene mutation, but heterogeneous regarding genetic lesions. The heterogeneity and high number of genomic imbalances found in CLL/PL suggest that a genome‐wide instability of the neoplastic cells may play a role in the development of the disease. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
GRB afterglow light curves from realistic density profiles

The afterglow emission that follows gamma-ray bursts (GRBs) contains valuable information about the circumburst medium and, therefore, about the GRB progenitor. Theoretical studies of GRB blast waves, however, are often limited to simple density profiles for the external medium (mostly constant density and power-law R^{-k} ones). We argue that a large fraction of long-duration GRBs should take place in massive stellar clusters where the circumburst medium is much more complicated. As a case study, we simulate the propagation of a GRB blast wave in a medium shaped by the collision of the winds of O and Wolf-Rayet stars, the typical distance of which is d /sim 0.1 - 1 pc. Assuming a spherical blast wave, the afterglow light curve shows a flattening followed by a shallow break on a timescale from hours up to a week after the burst, which is a result of the propagation of the blast wave through the shocked wind region. If the blast wave is collimated, the jet break may, in some cases, become very pronounced with the post break decline of the light curve as steep as t-5. Inverse Compton scattering of ultra-violet photons from the nearby star off energetic electrons in the blast wave leads to a bright \simGeV afterglow flare that may be detectable by Fermi.
Non-Histone Proteins and the Mediator Complex are Essential for the Transcription of HXT2 and HXT4 Genes in Saccharomyces cerevisiae

Transcriptional activation of HXT2 and HXT4 genes require rapid reorganization of the chromatin structure on the promoter regions of these genes. In this study, it was found that the transcription of HXT2 and HXT4 genes decreased 4- to 7-fold in the yeast strain that does not contain the non-histone proteins 6A and 6B (Nhp6A/B). In addition, results of this research indicated that Nhp6A/B are required for the rapid derepression and activation of HXT2 and HXT4 transcription upon glucose signaling. Furthermore, it was found that Med2p, which provides the connection between the transcriptional activators and the basal transcription factors, is also required for the activation of HXT2 and HXT4 transcription. Transcription of HXT2 and HXT4 decreased 2- to 13-fold in Med2 mutant S. cerevisiae cells. These results indicated that Nhp6A/B and the mediator complex are essential for the regulation of HXT2 and HXT4 gene transcription in S. cerevisiae.
Comprehensive clinical hepatology

In this multiauthored textbook, the editors set out to provide a clinically focused reference work with consistent structure and high-quality illustrative material. The editors state that this is for an international readership, including the internist, the trainee in gastroenterology and hepatology in the United States, and the Specialist Registrar in the United Kingdom or equivalent in other parts of the world.
Differentiation of Mycoplasma Species by 16S Ribosomal DNA PCR and Denaturing Gradient Gel Electrophoresis Fingerprinting

ABSTRACT Denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (DGGE) of a 16S ribosomal DNA PCR product was used to differentiate 32 mycoplasma species of veterinary significance. Twenty-seven (85%) species could be differentiated by DGGE. This method could enable the rapid identification of many mycoplasma species for which there is no specific PCR available and which are currently identified by using culture and serological tests.
Multi-FPGA Partitioning Method Based on Topological Levelization

This paper presents a partitioning method based on topological ordering and levelization. The proposed method, termed RPL, performs multi-FPGA partitioning by taking into account six different partitioning constraints. We also compare RPL to two existing algorithms. The first approach is a hierarchical partitioning method based on topological ordering (HP). The second approach is a recursive algorithm based on the Fiduccia and Mattheyses bipartitioning heuristic (RP). Experimental results on seven application benchmarks mapped onto three different hardware architectures demonstrated that the proposed RPL approach achieved fewer partitions in less time when compared to the RP and HP algorithms.
Análise da formação de recurso estratégico segundo a RBV: estudo em uma organização educacional

Embora a literatura sobre a Visao Baseada em Recursos (RBV) seja vasta, ha uma carencia de estudos voltados para a maneira como os recursos sao formados, principalmente os recursos que se referem a ativos intangiveis. O objetivo deste artigo e analisar o processo de decisao estrategica para implantacao do curriculo por competencia e a formacao de um recurso estrategico, a partir da RBV. Para sua realizacao utilizou-se o metodo de estudo de caso em uma organizacao de educacao profissional sem fins lucrativos, situada no estado de Santa Catarina. Os resultados mostram que a formacao de um recurso intangivel tem probabilidade maior de se originar de estrategias emergentes do que de estrategias deliberadas. A principal conclusao e de que um recurso pode ser formado por meio de acoes do dia a dia e como fruto de decisoes tomadas para outras finalidades, ou seja, pode surgir de uma decisao que nao tem relacao direta com o recurso.
Markets, Corporate Governance and Creative Work Systems: the Case of Ferodyn

This paper examines the difficulties associated with implementing and maintaining a ‘creative,’ human-resource based work system in a market-based system of corporate governance using the case of Ferodyn. * In response to difficult industry conditions and sagging performance, American-owned Landis* Steel Corporation and Japanese-owned Daiichi* Steel Corporation jointly financed and built Ferodyn, a state-of-the-art high quality steel finishing facility. Although the joint venture was extremely successful in terms of quality, productivity and industrial relations, it came under severe stress from both external and internal pressures. Institutional investor demands for improvements in short run shareholder value ultimately resulted in the sale of Landis to Maxi-metal*, a global steel conglomerate, committed to a strategy of cost minimisation. In effect, the American system of corporate governance and the nature of power relations in the corporation served to weaken both Landis and Daiichi’s ability to support the joint venture and Ferodyn’s ability to survive in a hostile corporate, industry and macro-economic environment.
A new LMI-based approach to state feedback H∞ control designs for T-S fuzzy dynamic systems

This paper proposes a new quadratic stability condition and H∞ control designing for Takagi-Sugeno (T-S) fuzzy control systems. Firstly, new stability sufficient condition in the format of linear matrix inequalities (LMIs) is obtained by relaxing the stability condition derived in previous paper. It guarantees the existence of the state feedback H∞ control. Secondly, the paper addresses the H∞ controller designing, and the H∞ controller can be considered by solving a set of suitable LMIs. Finally, the validity and applicability of the proposed approach are successfully demonstrated through numerical simulations for the continuous-time nonlinear system.
Aircraft Recognition in High-Resolution Optical Satellite Remote Sensing Images

Automatic aircraft recognition is a challenging task. Conventional methods always extract the overall shapes of aircraft at first and then represent the aircraft based on the extracted shape with different features for recognition. The major problem of these methods is that they have a high requirement on shape extraction, which is too idealistic for targets in satellite images. In this letter, we propose a new aircraft recognition approach that can recognize aircraft robustly without perfect extraction of silhouette or shape of aircraft as a precondition, and can deal with the situation of parts missing and shadow disturbance. Specifically, a direction estimation method is proposed first to align aircraft to a same direction. Then, a reconstruction-based similarity measure is proposed, which transforms the type recognition problem into a reconstruction problem. Finally, a jigsaw matching pursuit algorithm is proposed to solve the reconstruction problem. We use panchromatic Quickbird imagery for evaluation, and the experimental results illuminate that the proposed method is effective and accurate.