Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Massive data discrimination via linear support vector machines

A linear support vector machine formulation is used to generate a fast, finitely-terminating linear-programming algorithm for discriminating between two massive sets in n-dimen-sional space, where the number of points can be orders of magnitude larger than n. The algorithm creates a succession of sufficiently small linear programs that separate chunks of the data at a time. The key idea is that a small number of support vectors, corresponding to linear programming constraints with positive dual variables, are carried over between the successive small linear programs, each of which containing a chunk of the data. We prove that this procedure is monotonic and terminates in a finite number of steps at an exact solution that leads to an optimal separating plane for the entire dataset. Numerical results on fully dense publicly available datasets, numbering 20,000 to 1 million points in 32-dimensional space, confirm the theoretical results and demonstrate the ability to handle very large problems
Stress-Induced Visceral Pain: Toward Animal Models of Irritable-Bowel Syndrome and Associated Comorbidities

Visceral pain is a global term used to describe pain originating from the internal organs, which is distinct from somatic pain. It is a hallmark of functional gastrointestinal disorders such as irritable-bowel syndrome (IBS). Currently, the treatment strategies targeting visceral pain are unsatisfactory, with development of novel therapeutics hindered by a lack of detailed knowledge of the underlying mechanisms. Stress has long been implicated in the pathophysiology of visceral pain in both preclinical and clinical studies. Here, we discuss the complex etiology of visceral pain reviewing our current understanding in the context of the role of stress, gender, gut microbiota alterations, and immune functioning. Furthermore, we review the role of glutamate, GABA, and epigenetic mechanisms as possible therapeutic strategies for the treatment of visceral pain for which there is an unmet medical need. Moreover, we discuss the most widely described rodent models used to model visceral pain in the preclinical setting. The theory behind, and application of, animal models is key for both the understanding of underlying mechanisms and design of future therapeutic interventions. Taken together, it is apparent that stress-induced visceral pain and its psychiatric comorbidities, as typified by IBS, has a multifaceted etiology. Moreover, treatment strategies still lag far behind when compared to other pain modalities. The development of novel, effective, and specific therapeutics for the treatment of visceral pain has never been more pertinent.
Influence of retinoids on growth and metastasis of hamster melanoma in athymic mice.

The effects of 2-hydroxyethyl retinamide, N-(4-hydroxy-phenyl) all-trans-retinamide, and 13-cis-retinoic acid on the growth and metastasis of a malignant hamster melanoma cell line HM1-F5 was determined in a double blind study using 4- to 5-week-old male NIH Swiss and BALB/c derived athymic nu/nu mice. Mice were fed retinoids (0.75 and 1.0 or 1.5 mmol/kg diet) or a placebo diet ad libitum beginning on the day of s.c. inoculation of 5 x 10(5) HM1-5 cells. Tumor incidence, latency, and growth rate were similar in both strains of mice. All placebo-treated mice had lung metastasis on the day of autopsy, although the total number of metastases was lower in NIH Swiss derived athymic mice. While mean tumor incidence and latency were not significantly altered by any retinoid treatment, tumor growth rate (volume) and final tumor weight were inhibited (P less than 0.05) by 0.75 mmol/kg 13-cis retinoic acid and 1.5 mmol/kg N-(4-hydroxyphenyl) all-trans-retinamide. In contrast, at 1.0 or 1.5 mmol/kg diet, 2-hydroxyethyl retinamide had no significant effect on tumor growth rate. 13-cis retinoic acid, 0.75 mmol/kg, 2-hydroxyethyl, 1.0 mmol/kg, and N-(4-hydroxyphenyl), 1.0 mmol/kg significantly reduced the mean number of metastatic lesions in NIH Swiss derived mice, but N-(4-hydroxyphenyl) all-trans-retinamide also reduced metastatic incidence while 2-hydroxyethyl retinamide and 13-cis retinoic acid had no effect. A concentration of 1.5 mmol/kg diet of 2-hydroxyethyl and N-(4-hydroxyphenyl) all-trans-retinamide significantly reduced the overall number of gross lung metastases in BALB/c and Swiss mice, and mean number of metastases in Swiss mice. Analysis of correlation indicated that the inhibitory effect of high-dose N-(4-hydroxyphenyl) and 2-hydroxyethyl retinamide on metastasis was not associated with (independent of) any inhibitory effect on primary tumor invasiveness or growth rate. Our observations suggest that agents such as retinoids have an antimetastatic potential.
THE RELATIONSHIPS AMONG BODY AWARENESS, SELF-REGULATION,SELF-MANAGEMENT, AND BLOOD PRESSUREIN ADULTS WITH HYPERTENSION

by ANA LAURA SOLANO LÓPEZ Abstract Hypertension can be prevented, modified and controlled, however, many patients have difficulty managing this condition. The science of health behavior change for patient self-management is the next frontier in managing chronic illness. However, the mechanisms by which successful self-management is achieved and potential underlying physiological mechanisms influencing self-management are still unknown. A biobehavioral process called interoceptive awareness may be influencing patients’ neurocognitive mechanisms important to engage in self-regulation and self-management behaviors. Thus, the aim of this study is to determine the relationships amongHypertension can be prevented, modified and controlled, however, many patients have difficulty managing this condition. The science of health behavior change for patient self-management is the next frontier in managing chronic illness. However, the mechanisms by which successful self-management is achieved and potential underlying physiological mechanisms influencing self-management are still unknown. A biobehavioral process called interoceptive awareness may be influencing patients’ neurocognitive mechanisms important to engage in self-regulation and self-management behaviors. Thus, the aim of this study is to determine the relationships among interoceptive awareness, decision-making, self-regulation, self-management behaviors (medication adherence, diet adherence, and exercise) and blood pressure. A convenience sample of 76 adults (predominantly African American females) diagnosed with primary hypertension undergoing medical treatment was recruited into the study. Data was collecting using interviews, phone calls, and medical record reviews after the participant’s appointment at a primary care clinic at University Hospitals, Cleveland, OH.
Resource Co-Allocation in Grid Computing Environments

One of the promises of Grid Computing is to enable the execution of applications across multiple sites. Several multi-site applications require simultaneous access to resources hosted on autonomous domains; this problem is known as resource co-allocation. Projects working on resource co-allocation face four major problems: distributed transactions, fault tolerance, inter-site network overhead, and schedule optimization. Although resource co-allocation is fundamental for Grid Computing, no survey has covered the current projects, solutions, and open challenges on this topic. Therefore, in this chapter, the authors describe the challenges on resource co-allocation, present the projects developed over the last decade, and classify them according to their similar characteristics. In addition, the authors discuss open research issues and trends such as negotiation, advance reservations, and rescheduling of multi-site applications.
I-Rescue : A Coalition-Based Approach to Support Disaster Relief Operations

I-Rescue is a framework/system that supports the establishment of coalitions during disaster relief operations. Based on the roles that joint agents are playing, they are organised into a hierarchical structure composed by the strategic, tactical and operational levels. Each level provides specific handles so that agents can manage shared models specified via a general-purpose constraint-based representation. Via shared models, agents in multiple levels will be able to share knowledge and integrate different capabilities during the planning and execution stages of operations.
CD15, CD24, and CD29 Define a Surface Biomarker Code for Neural Lineage Differentiation of Stem Cells

Identification and use of cell surface cluster of differentiation (CD) biomarkers have enabled much scientific and clinical progress. We identify a CD surface antigen code for the neural lineage based on combinatorial flow cytometric analysis of three distinct populations derived from human embryonic stem cells: (1) CD15+/CD29HI/CD24LO surface antigen expression defined neural stem cells; (2) CD15−/CD29HI/CD24LO revealed neural crest‐like and mesenchymal phenotypes; and (3) CD15−/CD29LO/CD24HI selected neuroblasts and neurons. Fluorescence‐activated cell sorting (FACS) for the CD15−/CD29LO/CD24HI profile reduced proliferative cell types in human embryonic stem cell differentiation. This eliminated tumor formation in vivo, resulting in pure neuronal grafts. In conclusion, combinatorial CD15/CD24/CD29 marker profiles define neural lineage development of neural stem cell, neural crest, and neuronal populations from human stem cells. We believe this set of biomarkers enables analysis and selection of neural cell types for developmental studies and pharmacological and therapeutic applications. STEM CELLS 2009;27:2928–2940
Single Molecule Fluorescence Image Patterns Linked to Dipole Orientation and Axial Position: Application to Myosin Cross-Bridges in Muscle Fibers

Background Photoactivatable fluorescent probes developed specifically for single molecule detection extend advantages of single molecule imaging to high probe density regions of cells and tissues. They perform in the native biomolecule environment and have been used to detect both probe position and orientation. Methods and Findings Fluorescence emission from a single photoactivated probe captured in an oil immersion, high numerical aperture objective, produces a spatial pattern on the detector that is a linear combination of 6 independent and distinct spatial basis patterns with weighting coefficients specifying emission dipole orientation. Basis patterns are tabulated for single photoactivated probes labeling myosin cross-bridges in a permeabilized muscle fiber undergoing total internal reflection illumination. Emitter proximity to the glass/aqueous interface at the coverslip implies the dipole near-field and dipole power normalization are significant affecters of the basis patterns. Other characteristics of the basis patterns are contributed by field polarization rotation with transmission through the microscope optics and refraction by the filter set. Pattern recognition utilized the generalized linear model, maximum likelihood fitting, for Poisson distributed uncertainties. This fitting method is more appropriate for treating low signal level photon counting data than χ2 minimization. Conclusions Results indicate that emission dipole orientation is measurable from the intensity image except for the ambiguity under dipole inversion. The advantage over an alternative method comparing two measured polarized emission intensities using an analyzing polarizer is that information in the intensity spatial distribution provides more constraints on fitted parameters and a single image provides all the information needed. Axial distance dependence in the emission pattern is also exploited to measure relative probe position near focus. Single molecule images from axial scanning fitted simultaneously boost orientation and axial resolution in simulation.
Nicotine Replacement Therapy Use Predicts Smoking and Drinking Outcomes among Heavy-Drinking Smokers Calling a Tobacco Quitline.

Introduction Suboptimal use of nicotine replacement therapy (NRT) may pose a significant barrier to smokers attempting to quit. We examined NRT use as a predictor of smoking abstinence and heavy drinking in a randomised trial of hazardous drinkers who contacted the NY State Smokers' quitline for smoking cessation assistance. Methods Participants (N = 1,948) received either Tobacco Only Counselling or Alcohol + Tobacco Counselling (ATC), both in addition to a 2-week supply of NRT. NRT use, smoking status, and heavy drinking days were assessed by self-report at the 7-month follow-up. Results Of those smokers who completed the 7-month follow-up (N = 843), 53.1% used all of the NRT and 40.6% used some. Those who used all of the NRT were more likely to be abstinent from smoking than those who used some, and more likely to report no heavy drinking days than those who used some or none. Conclusions Approximately half of the heavy drinking smokers calling the quitline are willing to use the 2-week supply of free NRT, and most will at least try it. Those who reported using all of the NRT were more likely to report smoking abstinence and no heavy drinking days at the 7-month follow-up.
– 2014-ISJ-003-00004 Flexible Power System Designs with Photovoltaic Generators and Fuel Cells

Extensive studies have been performed in the past to integrate various ‘green’ energy sources, e.g., solar, wind and hydrogen, for power generation. For actual operation in a realistic environment, such a hybrid process is expected to be fully functional despite random fluctuations in supplies and demands. A common option for accommodating these time-variant uncertain disturbances and their cumulative effects is to introduce batteries into a properly structured system. However, by using an ad hoc approach without any quantitative performance measure, the hybrid power generation schemes were traditionally overdesigned. To circumvent this drawback, a generic mathematical programming model is adopted in the present study to compute a so-called temporal flexibility index. For the purposes of facilitating unambiguous illustration and demonstrating usefulness of the proposed assessment criterion, a large collection of photovoltaic-fuel cell (PVFC) systems are configured and compared accordingly so as to identify the proper combinations of energy supply ratio and battery capacity for a particular application. A MATLAB/Simulink simulation program has also been developed in this work to validate these design decisions.
Fast Imaging of Freezing Drops: No Preference for Nucleation at the Contact Line

We employ high-speed imaging of supercooled water drops to study the recently reported phenomenon of surface crystallization. Our geometry avoids the "point- like contact" of prior experiments by providing a simple, symmetric contact line (triple line defined by the substrateliquidair interface) for a drop resting on a homogeneous silicon substrate. Furthermore,theimagingconfigurationlocalizesnucleationsitesinthehorizontal plane so that their spatial distribution can be examined directly for possible preference near the contact line. Additionally, by using low cooling rates and avoiding substrate cooling, our design minimizes temperature variation within the water drop. The 189 freezing events display nearly perfect spatial uniformity in the immersed (liquidsubstrate) region and, thereby, no preference for nucleation at the triple line. This is in contrast to prior experiments where a strong preference for surface freezing (in the contact mode) was observed.
An Unexpectedly Swift Rise in the Gamma-Ray Burst Rate

The association of long gamma-ray bursts with supernovae naturally suggests that the cosmic GRB rate should trace the star formation history. Finding otherwise would provide important clues concerning these rare, curious phenomena. Using a new estimate of Swift GRB energetics to construct a sample of 36 luminous GRBs with redshifts in the range z = 0-4, we find evidence of enhanced evolution in the GRB rate, with ~4 times as many GRBs observed at z ≈ 4 than expected from star formation measurements. This direct and empirical demonstration of needed additional evolution is a new result. It is consistent with theoretical expectations from metallicity effects, but other causes remain possible, and we consider them systematically.
A dynamically error correctable bit parallel Montgomery multiplier over binary extension fields

Galois field arithmetic circuits find wide variety of application in cryptography. Thus they faces majority of the hardware based attacks for malicious gain. Though there are many approaches that have been proposed to mitigate such malicious attacks, most of them are inappropriate for practical applicability due to various design drawbacks. It is noted that Galois field multipliers are one among the many core arithmetic modules that are inevitable in the cryptography processors. Among them Montgomery multipliers are studied and implemented in applications like Elliptical Curve Cryptography arithmetic. However, a multiple bit error correctable Montgomery multiplier has not yet been implemented to this end. In this paper, we propose a novel multiple bit error correctable bit-parallel Montgomery multipliers with dynamic error detection and correction. First we present the BCH code based multiple bit error correctable Montgomery multiplier design architecture. Then we propose a novel scheme for reducing the recurrent delay when no transient malicious attack is present. In comparison with the existing multiple bit error correctable bit parallel multiplier structures, our novel technique significantly reduces the delay and improves the performance.
Modeling the Dynamics of Non-Player Characters' Social Relations in Video Games

Building credible Non-Player Characters (NPCs) in games requires not only to enhance the graphic animation but also the behavioral model. This paper tackles the problem of the dynamics of NPCs social relations depending on their emotional interactions. First, we discuss the need for a dynamic model of social relations. Then, we present our model of social relations for NPCs and we give a qualitative model of the influence of emotions on social relations. We describe the implementation of this model and we briefly illustrate its features on a simple scene.
3D kinematics of human walking based on segment orientation

Human walking analysis is instrumental in medical rehabilitation because it gives quantitative information of human body segment during walking. The present work is a part of research on the development of 3D gait analyzer system. The system consists of a program to process and display 3D kinematics parameter of human gait based on position and displacement of markers. Observational data is in the form of marker position as a function of time in x, y, z axis. This data is then processed to obtain somegait parameters. To achieve good results, the marker position data is initially smoothed to eliminate noises before further processing. The program developed in the present research could succesfully calculate some parameters of human gait such as spatio temporal parameters, linear kinematics and angular kinematics of joints.
HCO+ in the Starburst Galaxy M82

We report observations and an analysis of the distribution of HCO+ (1-0) and HCO+ (4-3) emission in the central 1 kpc star-forming region of M82. Comparisons are made with other star formation indicators such as the millimeter continuum, the distribution of radio supernova remnants, and the molecules CO and OH. In a broad sense, the HCO+ is distributed in a way similar to the CO, although there are noticeable differences in detail, including an inward displacement of spiral arm emission relative to CO. A comparison of the position-velocity plots for CO, HCO+ (1-0), HCO+ (4-3), and ionized gas, with orbits expected in the presence of the nuclear bar, suggest an inward transfer of gas associated with star formation toward the nucleus. The HCO+ (4-3)/(1-0) line ratios are comparatively uniform in the observed region, and according to a large velocity gradient analysis, reflect mean gas densities in the range 104-105 cm-3 for kinetic temperatures in the range 20-60 K. The comparative uniformity of these conditions and the low filling factor suggest that each sampled point comprises a large number of clouds occupying a broad range of density, and possibly temperature. We briefly examine fractal-type models in the context of the HCO+ data as an alternative way to analyze molecular line emission in M82.
Four Challenges for a ComputationalModel of Legal PrecedentL

Identifying the open research issues in a eld is a necessary step for progress in that eld. This paper describes four open research problems in computational models of precedent-based legal reasoning: relating case representation to precedent use; modeling the selection and construction of both arguments based on pairwise case comparison and multiple-precedent arguments; modeling the process whereby purposes, policies, and principles are used in case similarity assessment ; and extending the applicability of precedents to tasks other than classiication.
Development of vehicle tracking system using passive sensors

Wireless sensor network is an emerging technology that enables remote monitoring of objects and environment. Wireless sensor networks can assist user to detect target as well as acquire the movement information of the target such as a vehicle. Vehicle tracking finds its prime application in intrusion avoidance, surveillance etc. For surveillance applications, it is preferable to keep the intruder unaware of being tracked. This paper presents a tracking algorithm based on Kalman filter and the hardware implementation of a test bed along with the set/reset calibration circuit for improving the sensitivity of the magnetic sensor. The proposed method has been evaluated on real data.
THE MASSES OF POPULATION II WHITE DWARFS

Globular star clusters are among the first stellar populations to have formed in the Milky Way, and thus only a small sliver of their initial spectrum of stellar types are still burning hydrogen on the main sequence today. Almost all of the stars born with more mass than 0.8 M☉ have evolved to form the white dwarf cooling sequence of these systems, and the distribution and properties of these remnants uniquely holds clues related to the nature of the now evolved progenitor stars. With ultra-deep Hubble Space Telescope imaging observations, rich white dwarf populations of four nearby Milky Way globular clusters have recently been uncovered, and are found to extend impressive 5–8 mag in the faint-blue region of the Hertzsprung–Russell diagram. In this paper, we characterize the properties of these population II remnants by presenting the first direct mass measurements of individual white dwarfs near the tip of the cooling sequence in the nearest of the Milky Way globulars, M4. Based on Gemini/GMOS and Keck/LRIS multiobject spectroscopic observations, our results indicate that 0.8 M☉ population II main-sequence stars evolving today form 0.53 ± 0.01 M☉ white dwarfs. We discuss the implications of this result as it relates to our understanding of stellar structure and evolution of population II stars and for the age of the Galactic halo, as measured with white dwarf cooling theory.
Probabilistic Reasoning with Continuous Constraints

Continuous constraint reasoning assumes the uncertainty of numerical variables within given bounds and propagates such knowledge through a network of constraints, reducing the uncertainty. In some problems there is also information about the plausibility distribution of values within such bounds. However, the classical constraint framework cannot accommodate that information. This paper describes how the continuous constraint programming paradigm may be extended, in order to accommodate some probabilistic considerations, bridging the gap between the pure interval‐based approach, that does not consider likelihoods, and the pure stochastic approach, that does not guarantee the safety of the obtained results.