Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Interventions for treating depression after stroke.

BACKGROUND Depressive and anxiety disorders following stroke are often undiagnosed or inadequately treated. This may reflect difficulties with the diagnosis of abnormal mood among older people with stroke-related disability, but may also reflect uncertainty about the effectiveness of such therapies in this setting. OBJECTIVES To determine whether pharmacological, psychological, or electroconvulsive treatment (ECT) of depression in patients with stroke can improve outcome. SEARCH STRATEGY The Cochrane Stroke Group Trials Register (last searched June 2003). The Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (The Cochrane Library, Issue 3, 2002), MEDLINE (1966 to September 2002), EMBASE (1980 to September 2002), CINAHL (1982 to September 2002), PsychINFO (1967 to September 2002), Applied Science and Technology Plus (1986 to September 2002), Arts and Humanities Index (1991 to September 2002), Biological Abstracts (1969 to September 2002), General Science Plus (1994 to September 2002), Science Citation Index (1992 to September 2002), Social Sciences Citation Index (1991 to September 2002), and Sociofile (1974 to September 2002). Reference lists from relevant articles and textbooks were searched, and authors of known studies and pharmaceutical companies who manufacture psychotropic medications were contacted. SELECTION CRITERIA Randomised and quasi-randomised controlled trials comparing different types of pharmaceutical agents with placebo, or various forms of psychotherapy with standard care (or attention control), in patients with recent, clinically diagnosed, acute stroke, where treatment was explicitly intended of treat depression. DATA COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS Primary analyses focussed on the prevalence of diagnosable depressive disorder at the end of treatment. Secondary outcomes included depression or mood scores on standard scales, disability or physical function, death, recurrent stroke, and adverse effects. We did not pool the data for summary scores. We performed meta-analysis for only some binary endpoints and data on adverse events. MAIN RESULTS Nine trials, with 780 participants, were included in the review. Data were available for seven trials of pharmaceutical agents, and two trials of psychotherapy. There were no trials of ECT. The analyses were complicated by the lack of standardised diagnostic and outcome criteria, and differing analytic methods. There was no strong evidence of benefit of either pharmacotherapy or psychotherapy in terms of a complete remission of depression following stroke. There was evidence of a reduction (improvement) in scores on depression rating scales, and an increase in the proportion of participants with anxiety at the end of follow up. REVIEWERS' CONCLUSIONS This review found no evidence to support the routine use of pharmacotherapeutic or psychotherapeutic treatment for depression after stroke. More research is required before recommendations can be made about the most appropriate management of depression following stroke.
Semisupervised Classification of Polarimetric SAR Image via Superpixel Restrained Deep Neural Network

The classification of polarimetric synthetic aperture radar (PolSAR) image is of crucial significance for SAR applications. In this letter, a superpixel restrained deep neural network with multiple decisions (SRDNN-MDs) is proposed for PolSAR image classification, which not only extracts effective superpixel spatial features and degrades the influence of speckle noises but also deals with the limited training samples. First, the polarimetric features of coherency matrix and Yamaguchi decomposition are extracted as initial features, and superpixel segmentation is conducted on the Pauli color-coded image to acquire the superpixel averaged features. Then, an SRDNN based on sparse autoencoders is proposed to capture superpixel correlative features and reduce speckle noises. After that, MDs, including nonlocal decision and local decision, are developed to select credible testing samples. Finally, our deep network is updated by the extended training set to yield the final classification map. Experimental results demonstrate that the proposed SRDNN-MD yields higher accuracies compared with other related approaches, which indicate that the proposed method is able to capture superpixel correlative information and adds the information of unlabeled samples to improve the classification performance.
Functional disability in nonspecific low back pain: The role of pain-related fear and problem-solving skills

Previous studies have shown that pain disability in chronic back pain patients is closely associated with pain-related fear and avoidance. This study was aimed at replicating this finding in a sample of low back pain (LBP) patients with a new episode of sick leave. In addition, the supplemental value of problem solving in predicting pain disability was examined. It was further hypothesized that problem solving would moderate the effects of daily stress on pain disability. The results were partly as predicted. Pain-related fear, pain intensity, pain catastrophizing, daily stress, and problem solving were found to be individually related to functional disability, of which pain intensity and pain catastrophizing were the strongest predictors. Problem solving neither added predictive value regarding pain disability, nor could the moderating role of problem solving be confirmed. Surprisingly, and in disagreement with previous findings, pain intensity was found to be closely related to disability in this sample of LBP patients.
The Role of ACTH and Corticosteroids for Sepsis and Septic Shock: An Update

Sepsis is a common disorder associated with high morbidity and mortality. It is now defined as an abnormal host response to infection, resulting in life-threatening dysfunction of organs. There is evidence from in vitro and in vivo experiments in various animal models and in patients that endotoxin or sepsis may directly and indirectly alter the hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal response to severe infection. These alterations may include necrosis or hemorrhage or inflammatory mediator-mediated decreased ACTH synthesis, steroidogenesis, cortisol delivery to tissues, clearance from plasma, and decreased sensitivity of tissues to cortisol. Disruption of the hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal axis may translate in patients with sepsis into cardiovascular and other organ dysfunction, and eventually an increase in the risk of death. Exogenous administration of corticosteroids at moderate dose, i.e., <400 mg of hydrocortisone or equivalent for >96 h, may help reversing sepsis-associated shock and organ dysfunction. Corticosteroids may also shorten the duration of stay in the ICU. Except for increased blood glucose and sodium levels, treatment with corticosteroids was rather well tolerated in the context of clinical trials. The benefit of treatment on survival remains controversial. Based on available randomized controlled trials, the likelihood of survival benefit is greater in septic shock versus sepsis patients, in sepsis with acute respiratory distress syndrome or with community-acquired pneumonia versus patients without these conditions, and in patients with a blunted cortisol response to 250 μg of ACTH test versus those with normal response.
Modifying the Ni-MoS2 Contact Interface Using a Broad-Beam Ion Source

Charge transport at the contacts is a dominant factor in determining the performance of devices using 2D MoS2. Using a low-energy beam of Ar ions, the interface between Ni and MoS2 was modified to improve the performance in 2D field-effect transistors (FETs). This broad-beam ion source is integrated into an ultrahigh vacuum, physical vapor deposition system that allowed for in situ modification of the MoS2 immediately prior to Ni contact deposition. The contact resistance decreased leading to a corresponding and highly reproducible boost in the on-current by up to four times. Spectroscopic analysis of the ion beam-modified MoS2 suggests that there are generated defects, which supply dangling bonds that improve carrier injection between the Ni metal contact and MoS2. This approach for modifying the Ni-MoS2 interface opens a promising new path for reducing the impact of contacts on MoS2 FET performance.
The Social Construction of Artefacts: a Response to Pinch and Bijker

In their paper on 'The Social Construction of Facts and Artefacts', Pinch and Bijker advocate an integrated social constructivist approach to explaining scientific knowledge and technological artefacts, suggesting how each separate sociological field might benefit the other. In particular, they compare the Empirical Programme of Relativism (EPOR) for science and the Social Construction of Technology (SCOT) programme. They suggest that since their explanatory goals are similar, a relativist approach, and concepts such as 'interpretative flexibility' and 'closure', may be useful in both. I am concerned here with technology rather than science, except insofar as EPOR may have influenced SCOT or come to do so as the relationship is furthered.1 I fully support the objective of developing an explanation of the content of technology as a social product, and so I welcome Pinch and Bijker's discussion. I agree with their criticisms of economists' 'black box' treatments, linear models of innovation, and descriptive historiography. I want, however, to identify a number of weaknesses in the SCOT approach as described in the paper in particular, its espousal of relativism and of an evolutionary model of technological change; its treatment of 'social groups'; and its explanation of their means of influence on development. I shall argue that to transfer the concepts of a sociology of science to technology is to ignore basic differences between the two, as activities and as products. We should do better to try to situate the social processes producing technologies in an established framework that
Sos7, an Essential Component of the Conserved Schizosaccharomyces pombe Ndc80-MIND-Spc7 Complex, Identifies a New Family of Fungal Kinetochore Proteins

ABSTRACT Chromosome segregation is powered by the kinetochore, a large macromolecular structure assembled on centromeric chromatin. Attachment of sister chromatids to microtubules is mediated by the highly conserved tripartite KMN (acronym for KNL-1–Mis12–Ndc80) kinetochore network. In the fission yeast Schizosaccharomyces pombe, the equivalent complex is called NMS (Ndc80-MIND-Spc7). Here, we show that not all components of the NMS complex had been identified previously. A 10th NMS component exists, the essential Sos7 protein, which is a genetic and physical interaction partner of Spc7. The analysis of sos7 kinetochore-null mutant yeast strains demonstrated that Sos7 is central to NMS function. In particular, Sos7 is required for kinetochore targeting of Spc7 as well as components of the MIND complex. sos7 mutant strains show severe chromosome missegregation phenotypes and have compromised microtubule-kinetochore interactions. Sos7 is the founding member of a functionally conserved fungal kinetochore family not present in the point centromere carrying Saccharomycotina clusters, suggesting that the new Sos7 family might be a signature motif of fungi with regional centromeres.
A Fast Integrated Planning and Control Framework for Autonomous Driving via Imitation Learning

Safety and efficiency are two key elements for planning and control in autonomous driving. Theoretically, model-based optimization methods, such as Model Predictive Control (MPC), can provide such optimal driving policies. Their computational complexity, however, grows exponentially with horizon length and number of surrounding vehicles. This makes them impractical for real-time implementation, particularly when nonlinear models are considered. To enable a fast and approximately optimal driving policy, we propose a safe imitation framework, which contains two hierarchical layers. The first layer, defined as the policy layer, is represented by a neural network that imitates a long-term expert driving policy via imitation learning. The second layer, called the execution layer, is a short-term model-based optimal controller that tracks and further fine-tunes the reference trajectories proposed by the policy layer with guaranteed short-term collision avoidance. Moreover, to reduce the distribution mismatch between the training set and the real world, Dataset Aggregation is utilized so that the performance of the policy layer can be improved from iteration to iteration. Several highway driving scenarios are demonstrated in simulations, and the results show that the proposed framework can achieve similar performance as sophisticated long-term optimization approaches but with significantly improved computational efficiency.
Male Singlehood, Poverty and Sexuality in Rural China: An Exploratory Survey

In China, marriage is still a highly valued social norm, and until the 1990s, practically everyone was able to marry. The situation has changed, however, and a rising proportion of men, in rural areas especially, will experience prolonged and even permanent singlehood due to the growing shortage of women on the marriage market. In the cultural context of China, singlehood is a state of frustration, and even of deprivation, for which it is difficult to find socially acceptable compensations. The lives of single men may thus be severely affected by this situation. How, and to what extent, does unwanted singlehood shape their existence? Do they find alternative means to access a satisfactory sexual life? Are their socioeconomic characteristics different from those of married men? The data analysed in this short paper are drawn from a survey conducted in 2008 in a rural county of Anhui province. Its dual objective was to achieve a better understanding of sexual behaviours in rural China in a context of strong social and political control. This study explores the link, well documented elsewhere, between singlehood and poverty, and shows that poverty is a dual factor of exclusion in this region of rural China. Not only does it exclude men from marriage, it also excludes the poorest single men from all sexual activity.
University Change in Ireland

Over the past decade, universities in Ireland have been implementing large-scale institutional change designed to better prepare them for the multitude of pressures they face. Changes have been taking place, for example, in approaches to institutional management and leadership practices and in decision-making structures. However, despite the rapid pace of change taking place in Irish universities, there has been a considerable dearth of research resulting in a lack of any real insight into how the higher education landscape may be changing from a grassroots faculty perspective. This article presents the findings of a case study conducted in the School of Business at University College Dublin. The article reports on the kinds of institutional changes that have taken place (the ‘what’); the impetus for these changes (the ‘why’); and the top-down manner in which many of these changes were implemented and the ways in which faculty have responded to them (the ‘how’). The article concludes by suggesting the importance of understanding the possible implications of faculty responses to change for their institutional loyalty and commitment and suggests some areas for further research.
Galápagos hydroclimate of the Common Era from paired microalgal and mangrove biomarker 2H/1H values

Significance The equatorial Pacific is centrally important in Earth’s climate system. Changes there cause disruptions to global economies and food and water security. Yet, projected tropical precipitation changes in response to higher greenhouse gas concentrations remain uncertain, due in part to a scarcity of paleoclimate records to validate models. We therefore applied a new method in Galápagos lakes for reconstructing rainfall and salinity using sedimentary lipids from microalgae and mangrove trees. Our data revise the understanding of changes over the Common Era to provide a spatially and temporally coherent view of tropical Pacific rainfall. We separate convergence zone from El Niño-driven changes and observe substantial fluctuations even in the absence of perturbations as large as current anthropogenic forcing. Tropical maritime precipitation affects global atmospheric circulation, influencing storm tracks and the size and location of subtropical deserts. Paleoclimate evidence suggests centuries-long changes in rainfall in the tropical Pacific over the past 2,000 y, but these remain poorly characterized across most of the ocean where long, continuous proxy records capable of resolving decadal-to-centennial climate changes are still virtually nonexistent despite substantial efforts to develop them. Here we apply a new climate proxy based on paired hydrogen isotope ratios from microalgal and mangrove-derived sedimentary lipids in the Galápagos to reconstruct maritime precipitation changes during the Common Era. We show that increased rainfall during the Little Ice Age (LIA) (∼1400–1850 CE) was likely caused by a southward migration of the Intertropical Convergence Zone (ITCZ), and that this shift occurred later than previously recognized, coeval with dynamically linked precipitation changes in South America and the western tropical Pacific. Before the LIA, we show that drier conditions at the onset of the Medieval Warm Period (∼800–1300 CE) and wetter conditions ca. 2 ka were caused by changes in the El Niño/Southern Oscillation (ENSO). Collectively, the large natural variations in tropical rainfall we detect, each linked to a multicentury perturbation of either ENSO-like variability or the ITCZ, imply a high sensitivity of tropical Pacific rainfall to climate forcings.
The Dynamic Trend of Soil Water Content in Artificial Forests on the Loess Plateau, China

Extensive vegetation restoration projects have been widely implemented on the Loess Plateau, China, since 1998. In addition, increasing attention has been paid to the influence of revegetation on soil water. However, the response of the soil water content (SWC) to vegetation construction and management has not been adequately studied. In this study, three types of typical artificial vegetation on level bench land were selected, including Pinus tabulaeformis Carr. , Prunus sibirica L. , and Hippophae rhamnoides Linn. , with the natural grassland used as a control group in Wuqi County. The 0–160 cm SWC was monitored biweekly from August 2010 to June 2013 using a portable time domain reflectometry system. The serial autocorrelation test, Mann–Kendall trend test, and prewhitening Mann–Kendall test were employed to systematically analyze the trends in soil water dynamics. The results show that the SWC of the three selected artificial forests/shrub had a significant accumulation process in the 0–160 cm profile during the monitoring period, whereas such an increasing tendency was not observed for natural grassland. Furthermore, the greatest responses were observed in the Pinus tabulaeformis Carr. plantation.
Détermination de propriétés de flot de données pour améliorer les estimations de temps d'exécution pire-cas. (Lookup of data flow properties to improve worst-case execution time estimations)

La recherche d'une borne superieure au temps d'execution d'un programme est une partie essentielle du processus de verification de systemes temps-reel critiques. Les programmes de tels systemes ont generalement des temps d'execution variables et il est difficile, voire impossible, de predire l'ensemble de ces temps possibles. Au lieu de cela, il est preferable de rechercher une approximation du temps d'execution pire-cas ou Worst-Case Execution Time (WCET). Une propriete cruciale de cette approximation est qu'elle doit etre sure, c'est-a-dire qu'elle doit etre garantie de majorer le WCET. Parce que nous cherchons a prouver que le systeme en question se termine en un temps raisonnable, une surapproximation est le seul type d'approximation acceptable. La garantie de cette propriete de surete ne saurait raisonnablement se faire sans analyse statique, un resultat se basant sur une serie de tests ne pouvant etre sur sans un traitement exhaustif des cas d'execution. De plus, en l'absence de certification du processus de compilation (et de transfert des proprietes vers le binaire), l'extraction de proprietes doit se faire directement sur le code binaire pour garantir leur fiabilite. Toutefois, cette approximation a un cout : un pessimisme - ecart entre le WCET estime et le WCET reel - important entraine des surcouts superflus de materiel pour que le systeme respecte les contraintes temporelles qui lui sont imposees. Il s'agit donc ensuite, tout en maintenant la garantie de securite de l'estimation du WCET, d'ameliorer sa precision en reduisant cet ecart de telle sorte qu'il soit suffisamment faible pour ne pas entrainer des couts supplementaires demesures. Un des principaux facteurs de surestimation est la prise en compte de chemins d'execution semantiquement impossibles, dits infaisables, dans le calcul du WCET. Ceci est du a l'analyse par enumeration implicite des chemins ou Implicit Path Enumeration Technique (IPET) qui raisonne sur un surensemble des chemins d'execution. Lorsque le chemin d'execution pire-cas ou Worst-Case Execution Path (WCEP), correspondant au WCET estime, porte sur un chemin infaisable, la precision de cette estimation est negativement affectee. Afin de parer a cette perte de precision, cette these propose une technique de detection de chemins infaisables, permettant l'amelioration de la precision des analyses statiques (dont celles pour le WCET) en les informant de l'infaisabilite de certains chemins du programme. Cette information est passee sous la forme de proprietes de flot de donnees formatees dans un langage d'annotation portable, FFX, permettant la communication des resultats de notre analyse de chemins infaisables vers d'autres analyses. Les methodes presentees dans cette these sont inclues dans le framework OTAWA, developpe au sein de l'equipe TRACES a l'IRIT. Elles usent elles-memes d'approximations pour representer les etats possibles de la machine en differents points du programme.
Inhibitors of cyclic adenosine monophosphate phosphodiesterase in Polygala tenuifolia.

Cyclic adenosine monophosphate (AMP) phosphodiesterase inhibitors contained in Polygala tenuifolia WILLD. were identified as saponins and oleic acid. The concentrations of onjisaponins E, F and G required to give 50% inhibition (IC 50) were of the sameor der as that of papaverine. A kinetic study revealed that onjisaponin F acts non-competitively against cyclic AMP phosphodiesterase, like papaverine. Onjisaponin F exhibited a prolongation effect on hexobarbital sleeping time in mice.