Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Test Review: Kaufman, A. S., and Kaufman, N. L. (1985). Kaufman Test of Educational Achievement, Brief Form. Circle Pines, MN: American Guidance Service

The Kaufman Test of Educational Achievement, Brief Form (K-TEA Brief Form; Kaufman & Kaufman, 1985) offers a measure of global achievement in the areas of Reading, Mathematics, and Spelling; it also yields a battery composite score. It is an individually administered measure of school achievement of children and adolescents in grades 1 through 12 with grade-based and age-based norms. The achievement areas have standard scores with a mean of 100 and a standard deviation of 15, thus allowing for easy comparison with such IQ tests as the V1’echsler Intelligence Scale for Children-Revised (WISC-R; Wechsler, 1984) and the Kaufman Assessment Battery for Children (K-ABC; Kaufman & Kaufman, 1983). Administration of the K-TEA normally takes about a half an hour, but could require more or less time depending on the grade level of the child. The test materials consist of an Easel-Kit which presents the stimulus items to the student while the directions for administration and scoring face the examiner. All three measures of achievement are presented in this manner except for items 1 through 25 of the Mathematics subtest which are answered by the student in the Individual Test Record. A manual is also provided consisting of 288 pages of information on administration, scoring, interpretation, development, and standardization. The manual lists the uses of the K-TEA Brief Form as serving as a part of a comprehensive psychological test battery; as a screening instrument in reading, mathematics and spelling; for determining approximate instructional level; for research; for program evaluation; and for placement decisions, to mention a few. As the Kaufman Test of Educational Achievement Comprehensive Form (K-TEA Comprehensive Form), was standardized on the same population as the brief form, the two tests can be used as alternate tests for research and program evaluation. * The manual is well written, contains a great deal’ of rationale for the topics covered, and is much more detailed on general testing procedures than one would find in most brief form manuals or comprehensive achievement test forms. Portions of the manual are worth noting as these features seem to exceed what one generally finds in a test manual. These highlights are as follows: 1. The need to follow standardized procedures for test administration and scoring is repeatedly mentioned in the manual, and, in addition, the rationale for following a standardized procedure is given. 2. The establishment and maintenance of rapport is presented in detail. This is
Climate modelling for policy-making: how to represent freedom of choice and concern for future generations?

Abstract When modelling is conceived as a means to illuminate policy-making in the field of climate change, modellers tend increasingly towards integrated assessment models to catch interactions between natural and economic systems on both sides. Ultimately models should elicit 'projected equilibrium', when achievements match expectations. Should we support this tendency, or should we set moral limits for the sake of freedom of choice of all generations? How should we view adaptation to climate change in the context of intergenerational ethics? Taking the Stern review as a background, this paper suggests that the use of fully integrated models for policy-making meets ethical difficulties and is caught up in paradoxes. The more we consider a long-term future, the more modelling should be disentangled and split into separate scenarios. It is also suggested that the focus of modelling should not be on maximisation of per capita consumption, but on how ecological capacities and human capabilities can be maintained or developed over time.
Comparison of urological complications with primary ureteroureterostomy versus conventional ureteroneocystostomy

Nie Z, Zhang K, Huo W, Li Q, Zhu F, Jin F. Comparison of urological complications with primary ureteroureterostomy versus conventional ureteroneocystostomy. Clin Transplant 2009 DOI: 10.1111/j.1399‐0012.2009. 01134.x © 2009 John Wiley & Sons A/S.
Presence and Distribution of Sensory Nerve Fibers in Human Peritoneal Adhesions

ObjectiveTo assess the distribution and type of nerve fibers present in human peritoneal adhesions and to relate data on location and size of nerves with estimated age and with clinical parameters such as reports of chronic pelvic pain. Summary Background DataPeritoneal adhesions are implicated in the cause of chronic abdominopelvic pain, and many patients are relieved of their symptoms after adhesiolysis. Adhesions are thought to cause pain indirectly by restricting organ motion, thus stretching and pulling smooth muscle of adjacent viscera or the abdominal wall. However, in mapping studies using microlaparoscopic techniques, 80% of patients with pelvic adhesions reported tenderness when these structures were probed, an observation suggesting that adhesions themselves are capable of generating pain stimuli. MethodsHuman peritoneal adhesions were collected from 25 patients undergoing laparotomy, 20 of whom reported chronic pelvic pain. Tissue samples were prepared for histologic, immunohistochemical, and ultrastructural analysis. Nerve fibers were characterized using antibodies against several neuronal markers, including those expressed by sensory nerve fibers. In addition, the distribution of nerve fibers, their orientation, and their association with blood vessels were investigated by acetylcholinesterase histochemistry and dual immunolocalization. ResultsNerve fibers, identified histologically, ultrastructurally, and immunohistochemically, were present in all the peritoneal adhesions examined. The location of the adhesion, its size, and its estimated age did not influence the type of nerve fibers found. Further, fibers expressing the sensory neuronal markers calcitonin gene-related protein and substance P were present in all adhesions irrespective of reports of chronic abdominopelvic pain. The nerves comprised both myelinated and nonmyelinated axons and were often, but not invariably, associated with blood vessels. ConclusionsThis study provides the first direct evidence for the presence of sensory nerve fibers in human peritoneal adhesions, suggesting that these structures may be capable of conducting pain after appropriate stimulation.
Increasing Conversational Interactions Between Verbal High School Students With Autism and Their Peers Without Disabilities

Self-prompted communication books were used in combination with conversational peer orientation to increase conversational interactions of verbal high school students with autism or autistic-like behavior with their peers without disabilities. Previous investigators have used communication books only with students with autism or intellectual disability with limited or no verbal or reading skills. The six high school participants in this study could read and were verbal. We sought to determine whether the communication books would be accepted by peers without disabilities in general education classrooms or whether the books would stigmatize the students with disabilities. Finally, we assessed the effects of having a peer with a learning disability as the teacher of conversational interaction skills. We interpreted our results to conclude that the communication book package was associated with increased conversational interactions for all participants with their general education peers and that communication books were viewed positively by conversational partners.
Assessing longitudinal change of and dynamic relationships among role stressors, job attitudes, turnover intention, and well-being in neophyte newcomers

Using a latent growth modeling (LGM) approach, this paper examines the trajectories of change in role stressors (ambiguity, conflict, and overload), job attitudes (affective commitment and job satisfaction), and turnover intention and psychological well-being among neophyte newcomers, as well as the relationships among these changes. Based on a sample of 170 university alumni surveyed three times during the first months of employment, we found that role conflict and role overload increased, affective commitment and job satisfaction declined, and turnover intention increased over the course of the study. Role ambiguity and well-being did not change. The initial levels of affective commitment, job satisfaction, and well-being were positively related to the increase in role overload, while the initial level of turnover intention was related to a reduced increase in role overload over time. We also found that the increase in role overload and role conflict was associated with a decline in affective commitment and job satisfaction, respectively, and that the decrease in affective commitment and satisfaction was related to an increase in turnover intention. We discuss the implications of these findings
Can macroalgae provide promising anti-tumoral compounds? A closer look at Cystoseira tamariscifolia as a source for antioxidant and anti-hepatocarcinoma compounds

Marine organisms are a prolific source of drug leads in a variety of therapeutic areas. In the last few years, biomedical, pharmaceutical and nutraceutical industries have shown growing interest in novel compounds from marine organisms, including macroalgae. Cystoseira is a genus of Phaeophyceae (Fucales) macroalgae known to contain bioactive compounds. Organic extracts (hexane, diethyl ether, ethyl acetate and methanol extracts) from three Cystoseira species (C. humilis, C. tamariscifolia and C. usneoides) were evaluated for their total phenolic content, radical scavenging activity against 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) and 2,2′-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulphonic acid) (ABTS) radicals, and antiproliferative activity against a human hepatocarcinoma cell line (HepG2 cells). C. tamariscifolia had the highest TPC and RSA. The hexane extract of C. tamariscifolia (CTH) had the highest cytotoxic activity (IC50 = 2.31 µg/mL), and was further tested in four human tumor (cervical adenocarcinoma HeLa; gastric adenocarcinoma AGS; colorectal adenocarcinoma HCT-15; neuroblastoma SH-SY5Y), and two non-tumor (murine bone marrow stroma S17 and human umbilical vein endothelial HUVEC) cell lines in order to determine its selectivity. CTH strongly reduced viability of all tumor cell lines, especially of HepG2 cells. Cytotoxicity was particularly selective for the latter cells with a selectivity index = 12.6 as compared to non-tumor cells. Incubation with CTH led to a 2-fold decrease of HepG2 cell proliferation as shown by the bromodeoxyuridine (BrdU) incorporation assay. CTH-treated HepG2 cells presented also pro-apoptotic features, such as increased Annexin V/propidium iodide (PI) binding and dose-dependent morphological alterations in DAPI-stained cells. Moreover, it had a noticeable disaggregating effect on 3D multicellular tumor spheroids. Demethoxy cystoketal chromane, a derivative of the meroditerpenoid cystoketal, was identified as the active compound in CTH and was shown to display selective in vitro cytotoxicity towards HepG2 cells.
Imitation from television by 24- and 30-month-olds.

Infants' imitation of complex actions was examined in three experiments with 24- and 30-month-olds. In all experiments, an adult modeled a series of actions with novel stimuli and the infant's reproduction of those actions was assessed either immediately or after a 24-hour delay. Some infants watched the demonstration live, while other infants watched the same demonstration on television from a pre-recorded videotape. Both 24- and 30-month-olds imitated actions that had been modeled on television; however, their performance was consistently inferior to that of infants of the same age who watched the demonstration live.
Heterogeneity and Fgf dependence of adult neural progenitors in the zebrafish telencephalon

Adult telencephalic neurogenesis is a conserved trait of all vertebrates studied. It has been investigated in detail in rodents, but very little is known about the composition of neurogenic niches and the cellular nature of progenitors in nonmammalian vertebrates. To understand the components of the progenitor zones in the adult zebrafish telencephalon and the link between glial characteristics and progenitor state, we examined whether canonical glial markers are colocalized with proliferation markers. In the adult zebrafish telencephalon, we identify heterogeneous progenitors that reside in two distinct glial domains. We find that the glial composition of the progenitor zone is linked to its proliferative behavior. Analyzing both fast‐cycling proliferating cells as well as slowly cycling progenitors, we find four distinct progenitor types characterized by differential expression of glial markers. Importantly, a significant proportion of progenitors do not display typical radial glia characteristics. By blocking or activating Fgf signaling by misexpression of a dominant negative Fgf‐receptor 1 or Fgf8a, respectively, we find that ventral and dorsal progenitors in the telencephalon also differ in their requirement for Fgf signaling. Together with data on the expression of Fgf signaling components in the ventricular zone of the telencephalon, this suggests that Fgf signaling directly regulates proliferation of specific subsets of adult telencephalic progenitors in vivo. Taken together our results show that adult neural progenitor cells are heterogeneous with their respect to distribution into two distinct glial domains and their dependence upon Fgf signaling as a proliferative cue in the zebrafish telencephalon. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
The ‘Double Movements’ of Neighbourhood Change: Gentrification and Public Policy in Harlem and Prenzlauer Berg

This article explores the interrelation of gentrification and public policies in the neighbourhoods of Prenzlauer Berg (Berlin) and Harlem (New York City). It draws on Karl Polanyi’s concept of a ‘double movement’ and argues that gentrification is fundamentally a political process. Thus, while demise in the face of market forces, or even an active support of gentrification, is clearly visible in both neighbourhoods, the relation between public policies and gentrification is also highly unstable and contradictory. The cases studied highlight that the resources to push or prevent gentrification are contingent; they are not built into the essence of urban development.
Speaker verification based on g.729 and g.723.1 coder parameters and handset mismatch compensation

A novel technique for speaker verification over a communication network is proposed. The technique employs cepstral coefficients (LPCCs) derived from G.729 and G.723. 1 coder parameters as feature vectors. Based on the LP coefficients derived from the coder parameters, LP residuals are reconstructed, and the verification performance is improved by taking account of the additional speaker-dependent information contained in the reconstructed residuals. This is achieved by adding the LPCCs of the LP residuals to the LPCCs derived from the coder parameters. To reduce the acoustic mismatch between different handsets, a technique combining a handset selector with stochastic feature transformation is employed. Experimental results based on 150 speakers show that the proposed technique outperforms the approaches that only utilize the coder-derived LPCCs.
Flash Memory Cell Compact Modeling Using PSP Model

In this work, a new compact Flash memory cell model is developed using Verilog-A. The PSP MOS description is used as a basis for the formulation of the conduction channel behavior. The floating gate potential is implicitly computed with an added charge neutrality relation that ensures a good convergence in DC analysis. In order to perform transient simulations, as programming or erasing operations, injection current equations have been implemented. In this presentation, the model is run in ELDO simulator and is characterized with ICCAP software. It has been validated on an advanced STMicroelectronics' technology. The final objective of this work is to provide an accurate and scalable design tool.
Fuzzy Controller-Based MPPT of PV Power System

The power demand has been increasing day by day due to population growth, new indus- trial development, etc. Meeting power demand is one of the challenge factors for fossil fuel-based power generation alone as well as the environmental issue of carbon footprint. Consequently, there is a need to concentrate on alternate energy sources to meet the power demand. In this chapter, the photovoltaic (PV) cell operation under various weather condi- tions is analysed, and based on the performance, the MPPT controller is developed by using fuzzy logic controller. The proposed system has been modelled in MATLAB environment, and the system performance has been analysed. Finally, the simulation results are evaluated and compared with IEEE 1547 standard for proving the effectiveness of the proposed system. at various weather conditions with fuzzy-based MPPT system. The fuzzy-based energy management system is developed and tested under various power demands, and then operation of battery charging and discharging is analysed. Finally, the proposed objective of grid integration of PV system is simulated in MATLAB, and system performance under various operating conditions is analysed. The improvement of power quality simulation results is compared with 1547 standard and proves the effectiveness of the proposed system.
Radiation Exposure of German Aircraft Crews under the Impact of Solar Cycle 23 and Airline Business Factors

AbstractThe exposure of German aircraft crews to cosmic radiation varies both with solar activity and operational factors of airline business. Data come from the German central dose registry and cover monthly exposures of up to 37,000 German aircraft crewmembers that were under official monitoring. During the years 2004 to 2009 of solar cycle 23 (i.e., in the decreasing phase of solar activity), the annual doses of German aircraft crews increased by an average of 20%. Decreasing solar activity allows more galactic radiation to reach the atmosphere, increasing high-altitude doses. The rise results mainly from the less effective protection from the solar wind but also from airline business factors. Both cockpit and cabin personnel differ in age-dependent professional and social status. This status determines substantially the annual effective dose: younger cabin personnel and the elder pilots generally receive higher annual doses than their counterparts. They also receive larger increases in their annual dose when the solar activity decreases. The doses under this combined influence of solar activity and airline business factors result in a maximum of exposure for German aircrews for this solar cycle. With the increasing solar activity of the current solar cycle 24, the doses are expected to decrease again.
Moriarty’s Ghost

This article argues that the BBC’s Sherlock is outwardly a conservative text sedimenting the historical function of Sherlock Holmes as a model of hegemonic British masculinity. However, queer disruptions in the performance of masculinity may be read as, after Butler, destabilizing and revealing the groundlessness of gender constructions. For as Butler has argued, hetero-masculine performativity is “constantly haunted by that domain of sexual possibility that must be excluded for heterosexualized gender to produce itself. ” Referencing Laclau’s perception of “hauntologies” to texts (adapted from Derrida), I posit that the presence/specter of the queer villain Moriarty can be read as a caesura challenging performed hegemonic masculinity. With the possible death and promise of Moriarty’s return at the close of the current season, the series now stands at a crossroads. It may either revert to the queerbaiting of previous seasons or foreshadow a more radical text.
Targeting TGF-β signaling in cancer

Introduction: The transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) signaling pathway has a pivotal role in tumor suppression and yet, paradoxically, in tumor promotion. Functional context dependent insights into the TGF-β pathway are crucial in developing TGF-β-based therapeutics for cancer. Areas covered: This review discusses the molecular mechanism of the TGF-β pathway and describes the different ways of tumor suppression by TGF-β. It is then explained how tumors can evade these effects and how TGF-β contributes to further growing and spreading of some of the tumors. In the last part of the review, the data on targeting TGF-β pathway for cancer treatment is assessed. This review focuses on anti-TGF-β based treatment and other options targeting activated pathways in tumors where the TGF-β tumor suppressor pathway is lost. Pre-clinical as well up to date results of the most recent clinical trials are given. Expert opinion: Targeting the TGF-β pathway can be a promising direction in cancer treatment. However, several challenges still exist, the most important are differentiating between the carcinogenic effects of TGF-β and its other physiological roles, and delineating the tumor suppressive versus the tumor promoting roles of TGF-β in each specific tumor. Future studies are needed in order to find safer and more effective TGF-β-based drugs.
Acquired conditions: an improvement to hospital discharge abstracts.

Selected secondary diagnoses (e.g. pulmonary embolism) may provide an efficient and inexpensive source of data for quality assurance (QA) monitoring if their absence at admission were known. In June 1990 we modified our hospital abstracting methods to classify each diagnosis into categories: (1) present on admission, (2) acquired during hospitalization, or (3) uncertain. Our experience has confirmed the identification and elimination from QA reports of the majority of pre-existing secondary diagnoses. Examples of secondary diagnosis codes acquired or uncertain were acute myocardial infarction 48%, pneumonias 25%, pulmonary emoboli 54% and cerebral vascular accident/hemorrhage 35%. Abstracting time has increased less than 2 min per discharge. A reabstraction study showed 87% agreement (kappa = 0.733, p less than 0.001) between initial collection and blinded reabstraction. The separation of secondary diagnoses into preexisting or acquired can: (1) be reliably undertaken by discharge abstracters; (2) be efficient in adding minimal time; and (3) enhance the validity and usefulness of data and increase physician acceptance.
Richard Titmuss and Social Policy

David Reisman, Richard Titmuss: Welfare and Society (2nd edn), Basingstoke: Palgrave, 2001, vii+307 pp., £50.00. Peter Alcock, Howard Glennerster, Ann Oakley & Adrian Sinfield (eds.), Welfare and Well-Being: Richard Titmuss's Contribution to Social Policy, Bristol: Policy, 2001, vi+249 pp., £16.99 pbk.
Hilar mossy cells of the dentate gyrus: a historical perspective

The circuitry of the dentate gyrus (DG) of the hippocampus is unique compared to other hippocampal subfields because there are two glutamatergic principal cells instead of one: granule cells, which are the vast majority of the cells in the DG, and the so-called “mossy cells. ” The distinctive appearance of mossy cells, the extensive divergence of their axons, and their vulnerability to excitotoxicity relative to granule cells has led to a great deal of interest in mossy cells. Nevertheless, there is no consensus about the normal functions of mossy cells and the implications of their vulnerability. There even seems to be some ambiguity about exactly what mossy cells are. Here we review initial studies of mossy cells, characteristics that define them, and suggest a practical definition to allow investigators to distinguish mossy cells from other hilar neurons even if all morphological and physiological information is unavailable due to technical limitations of their experiments. In addition, hypotheses are discussed about the role of mossy cells in the DG network, reasons for their vulnerability and their implications for disease.