Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Tetrachlorodecaoxygen, a Wound Healing Agent, Produces Vascular Relaxation Through Hemoglobulin-Dependent Inactivation of Serotonin and Norepinephrine

Summary: We investigated the vasoactive actions of the wound-healing agent tetrachlorodecaoxygen (TCDO). TCDO (20 μM) had no direct effect on tone in isolated calf pulmonary arteries precontracted with potassium with or without 1 μM reduced hemoglobin under O2 or N2 atmosphere. However, TCDO, in a reduced hemoglobin-dependent manner, attenuated contraction produced by serotonin, associated with spectral changes consistent with destruction of serotonin. The loss of tone induced by serotonin catalyzed by TCDO plus reduced hemoglobin was not altered in the presence of superoxide dismutase (SOD) plus catalase. TCDO plus reduced hemoglobin also produced rapid relaxation of isolated rabbit aorta precontracted with norepinephrine (NE), whereas with phenylephrine (PE)-induced bone, the observed relaxation was slow to develop. Neither did TCDO, with or without reduced hemoglobin, alter soluble guanylate cyclase activity in pulmonary artery. Thus, a highly reactive species produced by interaction of TCDO with reduced hemoglobin appears to attenuate the contractile actions of serotonin, NE, and PE, selectively potentially by destroying these vasoactive agents. The vasodilator actions of TCDO (plus reduced hemoglobin) may contribute to wound healing by increasing nutrient blood flow and O2 delivery needed for repair processes and bactericidal activity.
Measurement and classification of out-of-sequence packets in a tier-1 IP backbone

We present a measurement study and classification methodology for out-of-sequence packets in TCP connections observed within the Sprint IP backbone. Such out-of-sequence packets can result from many causes including loss, looping, reordering, or duplication in the network. It is important to quantify and understand the causes of such out-of-sequence packets since they are one indication of the "health" of an end-end TCP connection. Our first contribution is methodological. Because we measure out-of-sequence packets at a single point in the backbone (rather than by sending and measuring end-end probe traffic at the sender or receiver), a new methodology is required to infer the causes of a connection's out-of-sequence packets based only on measurements taken in the "middle" of the connection. We thus describe techniques that classify the causes of observed out-of-sequence behavior based only on the previously- and subsequently-observed packets within a connection and knowledge of how TCP behaves. We show that using these simple techniques, it is possible to classify almost all out-of-sequence packets in our traces and that we can quantify the uncertainty in our classification. Our second contribution is the characterization of the out-of-sequence behavior itself. We analyze numerous several-hour packet-level traces from a set of OC-3 and OC-12 links for several million connections generated in nearly 4,300 unique ASs. Our measurements show a relatively consistent amount of out-of-sequence packets of approximately 5%. We find that few out-of-sequence packets result from pathological problems such as routing loops or in network duplication/reordering.
Test results from the comparison of three liquid cooling methods for high-power processors

This study compares three different liquid cooling technologies to determine which of the three methods is able to cool the highest power density processor chips. The first method consists of pumping a liquid coolant through a cold plate mounted over a 25.4 mm square heat source. The second method is two-phase immersion cooling of the 25.4 mm square heat source in a bath of 3M Novec® 649 liquid with a boiling point of 49°C. The third method of cooling consists of single-phase immersion cooling of the 25.4 mm square heat source using mineral oil as the coolant. This method was tested under both natural convection and forced convection conditions. An experimental setup, consisting of a heater module with attachment to the cooling solution was designed and built. The apparatus was used to determine the maximum power dissipation that can be supported in a 25.4 mm x 25.4 mm area for each of the three cooling solutions. Note that uniform power dissipation is assumed over the die surface. The measured temperature is assumed to be equivalent to the temperature of a die with the same surface area. The maximum die temperature was set to 100 °C and the power required to reach that temperature was recorded for each of the cooling methods.
Eight‐year experience of bloodless surgery at a tertiary care hospital in Korea

BACKGROUND: The Soonchunhyang University Hospital Bloodless Center was established in 2000, and more than 2000 bloodless surgeries has been performed there since. This study was carried out to analyze the characteristics of patients who underwent bloodless surgery and the influences of postoperative lowest hemoglobin level (Hblow) along with the lowest postoperative Hb/preoperative Hb ratio (Hblow/pre) on successful completion of bloodless surgery.
An Update on the Genetics of HLA B27-associated Acute Anterior Uveitis

The discovery of the association of HLA B27 with spondyloarthropathy led to more questions than answers about the role of this gene in disease susceptibility. The realization that HLA B27 was not responsible for all of the genetic effects helped to lay a foundation for further investigation into the genetics of uveitis. Over several decades, genetic findings have provided clues to advance the understanding of mechanisms of uveitis and to catalyze new research on diagnostics, animal models, and therapies. From the early candidate gene studies on immune mediators to the recent genome-wide investigations, much has been discovered. However, these discoveries have come with the caveat that a genetic finding does not automatically reveal the disease-relevant functional effect of the associated variant.
Incorporation of a Leverage Effect in a Stochastic Volatility Model

In this note we show how the stochastic volatility model of Barndorff-Nielsen and Shephard (1998a) can be generalised to allow for the leverage effect. That is where a negative return sequence is associated with increases in volatility. This is important in empirical work on stock returns. This form of model allows a great deal of analytic tractability - inheriting from our original model formulation many attractive features.
Optimal Design for Vibration Reliability of Package-on-Package Assembly Using FEA and Taguchi Method

In this paper, the Taguchi method and finite-element analysis (FEA) were used to improve the vibration reliability of the package-on-package (PoP) assembly and to achieve an optimal design of the PoP under random vibration loading. A finite-element model of the PoP assembly was developed, and experimental modal tests were performed to verify the finite-element model. Four geometry parameters of the PoP were chosen as the variable factors, including body size of PoP, bottom solder joint standoffs, thickness of bottom substrate, and top solder joint standoffs. The volume averaged von Mises stress of the critical solder joint obtained by FEA was chosen as the quality factor, and an L9 (34) orthogonal array was applied for Taguchi experiment to estimate the effects of the four factors and find the optimal design of the PoP on the vibration reliability. It is found that bottom solder joint standoffs have an important effect on the reliability, and more than 36% of the volume averaged Von Mises stress could be reduced by the optimal design.
Phenoxyethanol: Protein Preservative for Taxonomists

Pieces of chicken heart or skeletal muscle were placed in a dilute solution of the antimicrobial agent 2-phenoxyethanol and stored at room temperature. Under these conditions, the serum albumin, lactate dehydrogenase, and malate dehydrogenase in these tissues survived in easily detectable amounts for at least 2 weeks. The surviving proteins appeared to be identical with those of fresh tissues in physical, catalytic, and immunological properties. Phenoxyethanol also preserved heart and muscle proteins of representatives of other vertebrate classes. Tissue samples collected in the analysis by biochemical taxonomists.
Estimation of Latent Class Models with Heterogeneous Choice Probabilities: An Application to Market Structuring

Recently, Grover and Srinivasan developed a latent-class-based approach to analyze market structure by using brand-switching data. The authors provide an iterative maximum likelihood procedure for estimating parameters of a model that incorporates heterogeneity within segments. Using the same dataset, they compare the results obtained by incorporating heterogeneity in two different ways.
Optimum Spectral Efficiency of Horizontally Spectrum Sharing 2-Link System

Under the horizontal spectrum sharing scenario where two cognitive radios are able to find an unutilised resource and access to the resource is coordinated between them, it is shown in our earlier work that either single or simultaneous transmission at maximum power maximises system spectral efficiency. While in general suboptimal, sequential transmission, an average of two single transmissions, is also investigated as a more fair alternative to single transmission. In this paper, the system spectral efficiencies of simultaneous, single and sequential transmission schemes are compared for the 2-link scenario where the two communication pairs are chosen from uniformly distributed nodes on a disk. The simultaneous transmission scheme is shown to provide smaller expected system spectral efficiency for higher transmit power than sequential or single transmission schemes. Introducing additional interferers, however, significantly reduces the advantage of single and sequential schemes over simultaneous transmission. However, under the scenario of transmission to the closest neighbour, simultaneous transmission is shown to result in higher average system spectral efficiency than the other two schemes over the wide range of transmit powers.
Cytosolic calcium oscillators

Many cells display oscillations in intracellular calcium resulting from the periodic release of calcium from intracellular reservoirs. Frequencies are varied, but most oscillations have periods ranging from 5 to 60 s. For any given cell, frequency can vary depending on external conditions, particularly the concentration of natural stimuli or calcium. This cytosolic calcium oscillator is particularly sensitive to those stimuli (neurotransmitters, hormones, growth factors) that hydrolyze phosphoinositides to give diacylglycerol and inositol 1,4,5‐trisphosphate (Ins1,4,5P3). The ability of Ins1,4,5P3 to mobilize intracellular calcium is a significant feature of many of the proposed models that are used to explain oscillatory activity. Receptor‐controlled oscillator models propose that there are complex feedback mechanisms that generate oscillations in the level of Ins1,4,5P3. Second messenger‐controlled oscillator models demonstrate that the oscillator is a component of the calcium reservoir, which is induced to release calcium by a constant input of either Ins1,4,5P3 or calcium itself. In the latter case, the process of calcium‐induced calcium release might be the basis of oscillatory activity in many cell types. The function of calcium oscillations is still unknown. Because oscillator frequency can vary with agonist concentration, calcium transients might be part of a frequency‐encoded signaling system. When an external stimulus arrives at the cell surface the information is translated into a train of calcium spikes, i.e., the signal is digitized. Certain cells may then convey information by varying the frequency of this digital signal. —Berridge, M. J.; Galione, A. Cytosolic calcium oscillators. FASEB J. 2: 3074‐3082; 1988.
Factors Related to Choosing between the Internet and a Financial Planner

ii Vita . iv List of Tables . x List of Figures . xi Chapters: INTRODUCTIONS . 1 1.1 Backgrounds . 1 1.2 Objectives and significance of the study . 4 LITERATURE REVIEW . 8 2.1 The Internet . 9 2.1.1 Roles of the Internet . 10 2.1.2 Expected costs and benefits of using the Internet . 12 2.1.2.1 Expected costs of using the Internet . 12 2.1.2.2 Expected benefits of using the Internet . 15 2.2 A financial planner . 19 2.2.1 Roles of a financial planner . 22 2.2.2 Expected costs and benefits of using a financial planner . 23 2.2.2.1 Expected costs of using a financial planner . 23 2.2.2.2 Expected benefits of using a financial planner . 24
Noise analysis of drug induced voltage clamp currents in denervated frog muscle fibres.

1. Voltage clamp currents were recorded during iontophoretic application of steady doses of acetylcholine (ACh), carbachol or suberyldicholine to hyperpersensitive extrasynaptic regions of chronically denervated frog muscle fibers. Autocorrelation functions of drug induced current fluctuations were calculated and estimates of conductance gamma and average open time tau of the extrasynaptic ion channels were derived. 2. The average open time of an extrajunctional channel induced by acetylcholine is tauACh = 11 +/‐ 1‐6 msec (+/‐ S.E.) at ‐80 mV and 8 degrees C. Carbachol and suberyldicholine open channels of tauCarb = 3‐9 +/‐ 0‐4 msec and tauSubCh = 19 +/‐ 2‐5 msec (+/‐ S.E.) duration under the same conditions. The average open time of the extrasynaptic channel produced by each drug is three to five times longer than the value found for junctional channels in normal fibres. 3. The average open time of the extrajunctional channel is dependent on temperature and membrane potential. Lowering the temperature or increasing the membrane potential increases the average open time of the channels induced by any one of the drugs. 4. The conductance of a single extrajunctional channel opened by the action of acetylcholine is estimated to be gammaextra = 15 +/‐ 1‐8 pmho (+/‐ S.E.). This is somewhat lower than the value of gammaep = 23 +/‐ 2 pmho (+/‐ S.E.) found for the conductance of a single open channel in the junctional membrane of normal fibres. The extrasynaptic channels opened by the action of carbachol and suberyldicholine have similar conductances to those produced by ACh. 5. The autocorrelation function of drug‐induced current fluctuations, recorded at the former end‐plate region of chronically denervated fibres often shows both a fast and a slow time constant. They correspond in value to the time constant of the autocorrelation function obtained from end‐plate currents in normal fibres and from extrasynaptic currents in denervated fibres respectively. This could indicate that two populations of channels exist at the former end‐plate region of denervated muscle fibres.
Influence of Nutritional Factors on the Nature, Yield, and Composition of Exopolysaccharides Produced by Gluconacetobacter xylinus I-2281

ABSTRACT The influence of substrate composition on the yield, nature, and composition of exopolysaccharides (EPS) produced by the food-grade strain Gluconacetobacter xylinus I-2281 was investigated during controlled cultivations on mixed substrates containing acetate and either glucose, sucrose, or fructose. Enzymatic activity analysis and acid hydrolysis revealed that two EPS, gluconacetan and levan, were produced by G. xylinus. In contrast to other acetic acid strains, no exocellulose formation has been measured. Considerable differences in metabolite yields have been observed with regard to the carbohydrate source. It was shown that glucose was inadequate for EPS production since most of this substrate (0.84 C-mol/C-mol) was oxidized into gluconic acid, 2-ketogluconic acid, and 5-ketogluconic acid. In contrast, sucrose and fructose supported a 0.35 C-mol/C-mol gluconacetan yield. In addition, growing G. xylinus on sucrose produced a 0.07 C-mol/C-mol levan yield. The composition of EPS remained unchanged during the course of the fermentations. Levan sucrase activity was found to be mainly membrane associated. In addition to levan production, an analysis of levan sucrase's activity also explained the formation of glucose oxides during fermentation on sucrose through the release of glucose. The biosynthetic pathway of gluconacetan synthesis has also been explored. Although the activity of key enzymes showed large differences to be a function of the carbon source, the ratio of their activities remained similar from one carbon source to another and corresponded to the ratio of precursor needs as deduced from the gluconacetan composition.
Learner- and Teacher- Based Positive Factors Amidst Constraints in the Implementation of Inclusive Education in Malawi＇s Secondary Schools

Malawi has adopted a policy on inclusive education (IE) in an attempt to respond to disability-related inequalities in education and conform to international standards and frameworks (ISFs) on IE. Learners with disabilities are therefore included in the mainstream education institutions. However, there are challenges in its implementation at all levels of education in Malawi. The purpose of this paper therefore was to explore whether there are positive learnerand teacherbased factors that can be utilised to enhance the effective delivery of IE in Malawi’s inclusive secondary schools. Located within the interpretative paradigm, the study adopted qualitative methodology to address the issues at hand. Semi-structured interviews were used to collect data from the teachers and learners with disabilities. Thematic analysis was used to analyse data. The findings revealed that there are positive learnerand teacherbased positive factors despite amidst challenges in the implementation of IE in Malawi’s secondary schools which can be utilized to enhance its effective delivery. The paper therefore argues that IE could be progressively realized in Malawi if policy efforts can build on such factors. It then recommends that the Ministry of Education should develop the strengths of teachers and learners through systems of rewards and recognition. Furthermore, teachers should be fully supported through IE training and formulation of responsive conditions of service, and have access to appropriate career paths so that they can be retained in the schools.
Pricing-based spectrum sharing in cognitive radio networks

In cognitive radio networks, secondary users access the licensed spectrum and cause interference to the primary user. Hence, proper compensation for the primary user is necessary to ensure the coexistence. We propose a pricing-based spectrum sharing scheme in a competitive cognitive radio network. The primary user charges the secondary users for the interference, aiming to improve its quality of service (QoS). While secondary users adjust their transmission power in order to maximize their own utility. The spectrum sharing problem is first cast into a Stackelberg game, and then, we prove that there exists a unique equilibrium point and obtain the optimal price. Numerical results show that the proposed spectrum sharing scheme can improve performance of both primary users and secondary users.
REGULATORY UNCERTAINTY AND INVESTMENT: EVIDENCE FROM ANTITRUST ENFORCEMENT

Regulatory uncertainty may delay investment, and some implemented or expected regulatory regimes may reduce the returns to investment. Public utilities, petroleum, telecommunications, automobiles, pharmaceuticals, and other industries offer examples of the industry specific effects of regulation. Some policies, notably antitrust, affect a broader set of industries and influence a variety of business activity, including merger, expansion and joint venture. Case studies suggest that federal antitrust initiatives may also serve as a proxy for other regulatory threats. This paper employs a panel set of 21 major industries covering 1947-1991 to explore the effects of regulation and regulatory uncertainty on investment. It uses antitrust case filings against exchange-listed firms as a proxy for the stringency of antitrust policy and related policy initiatives. Statistically, each extra antitrust case filing is associated with a decline of investment in the same industry of between $169 and $361 million (1987 dollars), and each case overall lowers investment per industry by $34 to $110 million. Because antitrust initiatives may delay investment or serve as a proxy for other, harder-to-measure policies, these estimates do not reveal the long-run effects of antitrust taken alone. However, they do offer evidence that investment is affected by more than the traditional business cycle and tax variables. The revival of antitrust under Eisenhower and Kennedy's confrontational business policies explain at least part of the low level of investment, 1957-1963, and renewed vigor under Nixon part of the investment decline of the 1970s.
Genetic dissection of DNA binding and luminescence gene activation by the Vibrio fischeri LuxR protein

The Vibrio fischeri luminescence (lux) genes are regulated by the 250-amino-acid-residue LuxR protein and a V. fischeri metabolite termed autoinducer. The V. fischeri lux regulon consists of two divergently transcribed units. Autoinducer and LuxR activate transcription of the luxICDABE operon and autoregulate the luxR transcriptional unit. LuxR proteins with C-terminal truncations of up to 40 amino acid residues coded by plasmids with luxR 3'-deletion mutations are functional in negative autoregulation as demonstrated by using a luxR::lacZ transcriptional fusion as a luxR promoter probe in Escherichia coli. The truncated LuxR proteins showed little or no ability to activate transcription of luxICDABE, as indicated by using luminescence as a sensitive indicator of promoter strength in E. coli. Besides having no detectable activity as positive regulators of luxICDABE, LuxR proteins with C-terminal truncations of more than 40 amino acid residues had reduced or no detectable activity as negative autoregulators. The results suggest that amino acid residues in LuxR prior to no. 211 are sufficient for lux DNA binding. Residues in the region of 211 to 250 constitute a C-terminal tail that appears to be involved in activation of luxICDABE transcription either by interacting physically with the transcription initiation complex or by affecting lux DNA in the vicinity of the promoter.
Dynamic behavior of transformerless PV system on the short-term voltage stability of distribution network

Recently, transformerless (TL) inverters are being extensively used in small-scale photovoltaic (PV) systems due to their compact size, lighter weight and higher efficiency. However, the growing penetrations of inverter-based distributed generation to low-voltage distribution networks (DNs) can cause short-term voltage instability. This paper investigates the effect of dynamic behaviors of TL-PV inverters on the short-term voltage stability (STVS) of DNs with high-penetration of TL-PV units. Firstly, the detail-modelling of the TL inverter is derived, and control strategies for low voltage ride through (LVRT) and dynamic voltage support (DVS) are developed. Next, the impacts of LVRT capability of TL-PV inverter on the STVS are explored. It is observed that LVRT capability of TL-PV inverters can prevent voltage collapse in distribution systems. Moreover, two countermeasures are applied to the TL-PV system to analyze the STVS. One of them is its DVS capability and the other is the different level of reactive power injection by the TL inverter. Several case studies are carried out on an IEEE 4 bus system for different scenarios. The results show that DVS can further improve STVS in low-voltage DNs. On the other hand, different level of reactive power injections might have less impact on the STVS.