Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The impact of COVID-19 pandemic on depression and anxiety symptoms: Findings from the United Arab Emirates Healthy Future (UAEHFS) cohort study

Background Significant concerns about mental health were raised during the COVID-19 pandemic. We investigated the prevalence of depression and anxiety symptoms among the participants of the United Arab Emirates Healthy Future Study (UAEHFS); a national cohort study. We further explored the change in the prevalence of depression symptoms among those with comparable pre-pandemic data. Methods A sample of UAEHFS participants were invited to complete a COVID-19 online questionnaire during the first wave of the pandemic. Depression and anxiety symptoms were assessed using the Patient Health Questionnaire Depression Scale (PHQ-8) and the Generalized Anxiety Disorder-7 Scale (GAD-7) respectively. Unpaired analyses were done to examine the effect of COVID-19 on depression and anxiety symptoms during the pandemic. Paired analysis was conducted to examine the change in depression symptoms. Results During the pandemic, we reported a prevalence of 32.8% (95% CI: 27.0, 39.1) for depression and 26.4% (95% CI: 21.0, 32.6) for anxiety symptoms. Younger people reported higher levels of depression (40.4%) and anxiety (34.5%) symptoms. Females reported higher levels of depression (36.5%) and anxiety (32.7%) symptoms. In paired analysis, the prevalence of depression symptoms during the pandemic was 34% (95% CI: 26.5, 42.4) compared to 29.9% (95% CI: 22.7, 38.1) before the pandemic. No statistically significant difference was observed, p-value = 0.440. Adjusted multivariate logistic regression models for PHQ-8 and GAD-7 during the pandemic showed that participants, who were experiencing flu-like symptoms, had higher odds of reporting depression symptoms compared to those without symptoms. Additionally, age was significantly negatively associated with anxiety symptoms. Conclusions Overall, we found that depression and anxiety symptoms were more prevalent among young people and females. However, we did not find a significant change in the prevalence of depression symptoms among those with comparable pre-pandemic data. Identifying vulnerable groups and understanding trajectories through longitudinal studies would help with planning for effective mental health interventions for the current and future pandemics.
The Numerical Evolution of Neutron Star Oscillations

The present work investigates the numerical evolution of linearized oscillations of non-rotating, spherically symmetric neutron stars within the framework of general relativity. We derive the appropriate equations using the (3+1)-formalism. We first focus on the evolution of radial oscillations, which do not emit gravitational waves. We demonstrate how to handle a numerical instability that also occurs in the non-radial case, when the stellar model is constructed based on a realistic equation of state. We devise a coordinate transformation that not only removes this instability but also provides much more accurate results. [. ] The main part deals with the evolution of non-radial oscillations (l >= 2) of neutron stars. Here, we compare different formulations of the equations and discuss how they have to be numerically dealt with in order to avoid instabilities at the origin. We present results for various polytropic stellar models and different initial data. [. ] In the last part of this thesis we consider a physical mechanism for exciting oscillations of neutron stars. We use the time dependent gravitational field of a small point mass \mu that orbits the neutron star to induce stellar oscillations. With this particle we have a physical means which removes the arbitrariness in choosing the initial data. [. ] By sampling various orbital parameters of the particle we show that in general the particle is not able to excite any w-modes. It is only for speeds very close to the speed of light that the w-mode is a significant part of the wave signal.
Knockout of cryptochrome 1 disturbs the locomotor circadian rhythm and development of Plutella xylostella

Cryptochrome 1 (CRY1) functions as a light‐responsive photoreceptor, which is crucial for circadian rhythms. The identity and function of CRY1 in Plutella xylostella remain unknown. In this study, cry1 was cloned and identified in P. xylostella. Then, a cry1‐knockout strain (Cry1‐KO) of P. xylostella with a 2‐bp deletion was established from the strain Geneva 88 (G88) using the CRISPR/Cas9 technology. No daily temporal oscillation of cry1 was observed in G88 and Cry1‐KO, and cry1 mean daily transcription of Cry1‐KO was lower than that of G88. Both G88 and Cry1‐KO demonstrated rhythmic locomotion under the light/dark condition with Cry1‐KO being more active than G88 in the daytime, whereas Cry1‐KO completely lost rhythmicity under constant darkness. The developmental period of pre‐adult of Cry1‐KO was longer than that of G88; the lifespan of the Cry1‐KO male adult was shorter than that of G88; the fecundity of Cry1‐KO was lower than that of G88; and Cry1‐KO showed lower intrinsic rate of increase (r), net reproduction rate (R0), finite increase rate (λ), and longer mean generation time (T) than G88. Our results indicate that cry1 is involved in the regulation of locomotor circadian rhythm and development in P. xylostella, providing a potential target gene for controlling the pest and a basis for further investigation on circadian rhythms in lepidopterans.
Hubble Space Telescope Weak-Lensing Study of the z=0.83 Cluster MS 1054–03

We have measured the weak gravitational lensing of faint, distant background galaxies by MS 1054-03, a rich and X-ray luminous cluster of galaxies at a redshift of z = 0.83, using a two-color mosaic of deep WFPC2 images. The small corrections for the size of the point-spread function and the high number density of background galaxies obtained in these observations result in an accurate and well-calibrated measurement of the lensing induced distortion. The strength of the lensing signal depends on the redshift distribution of the background galaxies. We used photometric redshift distributions from the northern and southern Hubble Deep Fields to relate the lensing signal to the mass. The predicted variations of the signal as a function of apparent source magnitude and color agrees well with the observed lensing signal. The uncertainty in the redshift distribution results in a 10% systematic uncertainty in the mass measurement. We determine a mass of (1.2 ± 0.2) × 1015 h M☉ within an aperture of radius 1 h Mpc. Under the assumption of an isothermal mass distribution, the corresponding velocity dispersion is 1311 km s-1. For the mass-to-light ratio we find 269 ± 37 h50 M☉/LB☉ after correcting for passband and luminosity evolution. The errors in the mass and mass-to-light ratio include the contribution from the random intrinsic ellipticities of the source galaxies, but not the (systematic) error due to the uncertainty in the redshift distribution. However, the estimates for the mass and mass-to-light ratio of MS 1054-03 agree well with other estimators, suggesting that the mass calibration works well. The reconstruction of the projected mass surface density shows a complex mass distribution, consistent with the light distribution. The results indicate that MS 1054-03 is a young system. The timescale for relaxation is estimated to be at least 1 Gyr. We have also studied the masses of the cluster galaxies, by averaging the tangential shear around the cluster galaxies. Using the Faber-Jackson scaling relation, we find the velocity dispersion of an L* galaxy (LB = 8 × 1010 h LB☉ for MS 1054-03) is 203 ± 33 km s-1.
Structure-from-motion photogrammetry demonstrates variability in coral growth within colonies and across habitats

Coral growth is an important metric of coral health and underpins reef-scale functional attributes such as structural complexity and calcium carbonate production. There persists, however, a paucity of growth data for most reef-building regions, especially for coral species whose skeletal architecture prevents the use of traditional methods such as coring and Alizarin staining. We used structure-from-motion photogrammetry to quantify a range of colony-scale growth metrics for six coral species in the Mexican Caribbean and present a newly developed workflow to measure colony volume change over time. Our results provide the first growth metrics for two species that are now major space occupiers on Caribbean reefs, Agaricia agaricites and Agaricia tenuifolia. We also document higher linear extension, volume increase and calcification rates within back reef compared to fore reef environments for four other common species: Orbicella faveolata, Porites astreoides, Siderastrea siderea and Pseudodiploria strigosa. Linear extension rates in our study were lower than those obtained via computed tomography (CT) scans of coral cores from the same sites, as the photogrammetry method averages growth in all dimensions, while the CT method depicts growth only along the main growth axis (upwards). The comparison of direct volume change versus potential volume increase calculated from linear extension emphasizes the importance of assessing whole colony growth to improve calcification estimates. The method presented here provides an approach that can generate accurate calcification estimates alongside a range of other whole-colony growth metrics in a non-invasive way.
A Possible Advantage of Telescopes with a Noncircular Pupil

Most telescope designs have a circular aperture. We quantify the advantages that telescopes with an elongated pupil have over circular-pupil telescopes in terms of contrast at small separations between a bright central star and a faint companion. We simulate images for an elongated-pupil telescope and for a circular-pupil telescope of equal aperture area and integration time, and we specifically investigate the maximal contrast when finding faint companions around bright stars as a function of angular separation. We show that this design gives better contrast at lower separation from a bright star. This is shown for diffraction-limited (for perfect and imperfect optics) and seeing-limited speckle images assuming an equal aperture area and observing time. We also show that the results are robust to errors in measurement of the point-spread function. To compensate for the wider point-spread function of the short axis, images should be taken at different rotation angles, either by rotating the telescope around the optical axis or by allowing a stationary mirror array to scan different parallactic angles with time. Images taken at different rotation angles are added using the proper image coaddition algorithms developed by Zackay & Ofek. The final image has the same contrast at all angles, rather than in specific areas of diffraction nulls. We obtained speckle observations with a small ground-based elongated-aperture telescope and show that the results are consistent with simulations.
Safety of Withholding Perioperative Hydrocortisone for Patients With Pituitary Adenomas With an Intact Hypothalamus-Pituitary-Adrenal Axis

Key Points Question Is withholding hydrocortisone during the perioperative period of pituitary adenoma surgery noninferior to the conventional regimen of hydrocortisone supplementation for patients with an intact hypothalamus-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis, who account for more than half of patients with pituitary adenomas? Findings In this parallel-group, triple-masked, noninferiority randomized clinical trial that included 436 patients with pituitary adenomas who had an intact HPA axis, withholding perioperative hydrocortisone protocol was noninferior to conventional care with respect to the incidence of postoperative new-onset adrenal insufficiency. Meaning The results support the withholding of perioperative hydrocortisone for patients with pituitary adenomas with sufficient baseline HPA axis function.
The Role of the Angular Gyrus in Goal-directed Behavior—Two Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation Studies Examining Response Outcome Learning and Outcome Anticipation

Abstract Learning the contingencies between a situational context (S), one's own responses (R), and their outcomes (O) and selecting responses according to their anticipated outcomes is the basis of a goal-directed behavior. Previous imaging studies found the angular gyrus (AG) to be correlated to both the representation of R-O associations and outcome-based response selection. Based on this correlational relationship, we investigated the causal link between AG function and goal-directed behavior in offline and online TMS experiments. To this end, we employed an experimental R-O compatibility paradigm testing outcome anticipation during response selection and S-R-O knowledge to probe S-R-O learning. In Experiment 1, we applied 1-Hz rTMS offline to the AG or the vertex before participants performed the experimental tasks. In Experiment 2, we applied online 10-Hz pulse trains to the AG or used sham stimulation during an early action selection stage in half of the trials. In both experiments, the R-O compatibility effect was unaltered when response selection was outcome-based, suggesting no causal role of the AG in outcome anticipation during response selection. However, in both experiments, groups with AG stimulation showed significantly modulated knowledge of S-R-O associations in a posttest. Additionally, in an explorative analysis, we found an induced R-O compatibility effect later in the experiment when response selection was guided by stimulus–response rules, suggesting reduced selectivity of outcome anticipation. We discuss possible compensatory behavioral and brain mechanism as well as specific TMS-related methodical considerations demonstrating important implications for further studies investigating cognitive function by means of TMS.
Soliton-effect self-compressed single-cycle 9.6-W mid-IR pulses from a 21-W OPCPA at 3.25 {\mu}m and 160 kHz

We report a 21-W mid-IR OPCPA that generates 131-{\mu}J and 97 fs (sub-9-cycle) pulses at 160 kHz repetition rate and at a centre wavelength of 3.25 {\mu}m. Pulse-to-pulse stability of the CEP-stable output is excellent with 0.33% rms over 288 million pulses (30 min) and compression close to a single optical cycle was achieved through soliton self- compression inside a gas-filled mid-IR anti-resonant-guiding photonic crystal fibre. Without any additional compression device, stable generation of 14.5 fs (1.35-optical-cycle) pulses was achieved at an average power of 9.6 W. The resulting peak power of 3.9 GW in combination with the near-single-cycle duration and intrinsic CEP stability, make our OPCPA a key-enabling technology for the next generation of extreme photonics, strong-field attosecond research and coherent X-ray science.
Imaging minimal residual disease evaluation in multiple myeloma using [18F]FDG PET/MRI

Gregorio Baril a , Filippo Crim ı, Massimiliano Arangio Febbo, Laura Pavan, Susanna Vedovato, Giulio Cabrelle, Chiara Zanon, Cristina Campi, Diego Cecchin, Pietro Zucchetta, Carmelo Lacognata, Gianpietro Semenzato and Renato Zambello Hematology Unit, Azienda ULSS3 Serenissima, Ospedale dell’Angelo, Venezia-Mestre, Italy; Department of Medicine (DIMED), Institute of Radiology, Padua University School of Medicine, Padova, Italy; Department of Medicine (DIMED), Hematology and Clinical Immunology, Padua University School of Medicine, Padova, Italy; Hematology Unit, Ospedale san Bortolo, Vicenza, Italy; Department of Mathematics (DIMA), University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy; Department of Medicine (DIMED), Nuclear Medicine Unit, School of Medicine, University Hospital of Padova, Padova, Italy
Spatio-Temporal Collaborative Module for Efficient Action Recognition

Efficient action recognition aims to classify a video clip into a specific action category with a low computational cost. It is challenging since the integrated spatial-temporal calculation (e. g., 3D convolution) introduces intensive operations and increases complexity. This paper explores the feasibility of the integration of channel splitting and filter decoupling for efficient architecture design and feature refinement by proposing a novel spatio-temporal collaborative (STC) module. STC splits the video feature channels into two groups and separately learns spatio-temporal representations in parallel with decoupled convolutional operators. Particularly, STC consists of two computation-efficient blocks, i.e., <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\text {S}_{\mathrm{ T}}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> and <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\text {T}_{\mathrm{ S}}$ </tex-math></inline-formula>, where they extract either spatial (<inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">${S}_{\cdot }$ </tex-math></inline-formula>) or temporal (<inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">${T}_{\cdot }$ </tex-math></inline-formula>) features and further refine their features with either temporal (<inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\cdot _{T}$ </tex-math></inline-formula>) or spatial (<inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\cdot _{S}$ </tex-math></inline-formula>) contexts globally. The spatial/temporal context refers to information dynamics aggregated from temporal/spatial axis. To thoroughly examine our method’s performance in video action recognition tasks, we conduct extensive experiments using five video benchmark datasets requiring temporal reasoning. Experimental results show that the proposed STC networks achieve a competitive trade-off between model efficiency and effectiveness.
Integral-Type Event-Triggered Model Predictive Control of Nonlinear Systems With Additive Disturbance

This article studies integral-type event-triggered model predictive control (MPC) of continuous-time nonlinear systems. An integral-type event-triggered mechanism is proposed by incorporating the integral of errors between the actual and predicted state sequences, leading to reduced average sampling frequency. Besides, a new and improved robustness constraint is introduced to handle the additive disturbance, rendering the MPC problem with a potentially enlarged initial feasible region. Furthermore, the feasibility of the designed MPC and the stability of the closed-loop system are rigorously investigated. Several sufficient conditions to guarantee these properties are established, which is related to factors, such as the prediction horizon, the disturbance bound, the triggering level, and the contraction rate for the robustness constraint. The effectiveness of the proposed algorithm is illustrated by numerical examples and comparisons.
Annual Research Review: Towards a deeper understanding of nature and nurture: combining family‐based quasi‐experimental methods with genomic data

Distinguishing between the effects of nature and nurture constitutes a major research goal for those interested in understanding human development. It is known, for example, that many parent traits predict mental health outcomes in children, but the causal processes underlying such associations are often unclear. Family‐based quasi‐experimental designs such as sibling comparison, adoption and extended family studies have been used for decades to distinguish the genetic transmission of risk from the environmental effects family members potentially have on one another. Recently, these designs have been combined with genomic data, and this combination is fuelling a range of exciting methodological advances. In this review we explore these advances – highlighting the ways in which they have been applied to date and considering what they are likely to teach us in the coming years about the aetiology and intergenerational transmission of psychopathology.
How do international humanitarian aid workers stay healthy in the face of adversity?

Background International humanitarian aid workers (iHAWs) are motivated strongly to travel abroad to help communities affected by war, famine, disaster and disease. They expose themselves to dangers and hardships during their field assignments. Despite working under such challenging circumstances, most workers remain healthy. The objective of the present study was to unravel the mechanism that enables workers to remain healthy under the same circumstances that affect these communities. We hypothesised that the different components of the Sense of Coherence (SOC) health mechanism mediate the relationship between field stressors and post-assignment health. Methods and findings The stress-health model was tested among 465 international aid workers using a longitudinal pre-post assignment study design and structural equation modelling for path analyses. The (health) outcome variables were PTSD, anxiety, depression, emotional exhaustion, and work engagement. Our findings highlight the importance of being healthy before aid assignment and the negative health impact of field stressors that were not potentially traumatic. The SOC components mediated the relationship between field stress and post-assignment health, with males and females using different SOC components to alleviate stress. Males are more likely trying to understand the nature of the stressor, whereas females mobilise their resources to manage stressors. In both groups, a high level of meaningfulness of the work was an important component in maintaining health. Regarding using the SOC concept for understanding the process of maintaining health, our findings indicated that SOC is best considered context-specific and multidimensional. Conclusion In addition to good pre-mission health, the SOC components help prevent field assignment-related negative health effects in iHAWs. Our findings support the idea to compose gender-balanced teams of iHAWs to maintain and promote health. The findings can be used to develop or refine health conversation tools and SOC based health interventions to promote health and wellbeing and prevent ill-health among aid workers and other stress-exposed populations.
Coracoid strength as an indicator of wing‐beat propulsion in birds

Birds generate a propulsive force by flapping their wings. They use this propulsive force for various locomotion styles, such as aerodynamic flight, wing‐paddle swimming and wing‐assisted incline running. It is therefore important to reveal the origin of flapping ability in the evolution from theropod dinosaurs to birds. However, there are no quantitative indices to reconstruct the flapping abilities of extinct forms based on their skeletal morphology. This study compares the section modulus of the coracoid relative to body mass among various extant birds to test whether the index is correlated with flapping ability. According to a survey of 220 historical bird specimens representing 209 species, 180 genera, 83 families and 30 orders, the section modulus of the coracoid relative to body mass in non‐flapping birds was significantly smaller than that of flapping birds. This indicates that coracoid strength in non‐flapping birds is deemphasised, whereas in flapping birds the strength is emphasised to withstand the contractile force produced by powerful flapping muscles, such as the m. pectoralis and m. supracoracoideus. Therefore, the section modulus of the coracoid is expected to be a powerful tool to reveal the origin of powered flight in birds.
QCD factorization for semi-inclusive deep-inelastic scattering at low transverse momentum

We demonstrate a factorization formula for semi-inclusive deep-inelastic scattering with hadrons in the current fragmentation region detected at low transverse momentum. To facilitate the factorization, we introduce the transverse-momentum dependent parton distributions and fragmentation functions with gauge links slightly off the light-cone, and with soft-gluon radiations subtracted. We verify the factorization to one-loop order in perturbative quantum chromodynamics and argue that it is valid to all orders in perturbation theory.