Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The association between hip morphology parameters and nineteen-year risk of end-stage osteoarthritis of the hip: A nested case–control study

Objective Subtle deformities of the hip joint are implicated in the etiology of osteoarthritis (OA) of the hip. Parameters that quantify these deformities may aid understanding of these associations. We undertook this study to examine relationships between such parameters and the 19-year risk of total hip arthroplasty (THA) for end-stage OA. Methods A new software program designed for measuring morphologic parameters around the hip was developed and validated in a reliability study. THA was the outcome measure for end-stage OA. A nested case–control study was used with individuals from a cohort of 1,003 women who were recruited at year 1 in 1989 and followed up to year 20 (the Chingford Study). All hips with THA by year 20 and 243 randomly selected control hips were studied. Pelvis radiographs obtained at year 2 were analyzed for variations in hip morphology. Measurements were compared between the THA case group and the control group. Results Patients with THA had a higher prevalence of cam deformity than did their respective controls (median alpha angle 62.4° versus 45.8° [P = 0.001]; mean modified triangular index height 28.5 mm versus 26.9 mm [P = 0.001]) as well as a higher prevalence of acetabular dysplasia (mean lateral center edge angle 29.5° versus 34.3° [P = 0.001]; median extrusion index 0.25 versus 0.185 [P = 0.009]). Logistic regression analyses clustering by subject and adjusting for radiographic hip OA at year 2 showed that these morphologic parameters were still significantly associated with THA by year 20. The alpha angle and lateral center edge angle predicted the risk of THA independently when included in the same model. Conclusion This investigation describes measurements that predict the risk of THA for end-stage OA by year 20, independently of the presence of radiographic hip OA at year 2. These measurements can be made on an anteroposterior pelvis radiograph, which is an inexpensive and commonly used clinical method of investigation.
Early socio–emotional development: Contingency perception and the social-biofeedback model.

The past century of theory about human development has placed much responsibility for normal socio-emotional development on the social interactions experienced in infancy (e.g., Bandura, 1992; Bowlby, 1969; Bruner, 1990; Freud, 1949; Skinner, 1948; Stern, 1985; Trevarthen, 1979; Watson, 1930). The reliance on nurture over nature in each of these theories may need to be tempered in light of some recent proposals about a variety of richly structured innate mechanisms to interpret social stimulation [e.g., Leslie's (1987, 1994) theory of mind module; Baron-Cohen's (1995) detectors for perceiving another person's intention and eye direction; Meltzoff's (Meltzoff & Gopnik, 1993; Meltzoff & Moore, 1977, 1989) neonatal imitation mechanism; or Gergely and Csibra's (1996, 1997; Csibra & Gergely, in press) teleological stance for interpreting another's action]. Even if incorporating one or more of these specific interpretive mechanisms, however, these diverse theories will surely continue to rely heavily on an assumption they share, at least implicitly, to the effect that human infants are sensitive to the existence of contingencies between their behavior and environmental events. The capacity to accurately interpret stimulation as contingent or not could well be viewed as the most fundamental of an infant's arsenal of innate modules for interpreting early sensory stimulation. Whether as a means to establish a basis of conditioning (e.g., Bandura, Skinner) or a basis for building representations of social relations (e.g., Bowlby, Bruner, Trevarthen), an infant's capacity to detect contingency is taken for granted.
Doxycycline induces membrane expression of VE‐cadherin on endothelial cells and prevents vascular hyperpermeability

The endothelium lining blood vessels serves as a barrier against vascular hyperpermeability, and its maintenance is critical to organ health. Inflammatory mediators evoke tissue edema by disrupting the expression of membrane junctional proteins, which mediate binding between endothelial cell membranes. Endothelial cell‐cell junctions form a diffusion barrier between the intravascular and interstitial space. To prevent the morbidity and mortality caused by exaggerated vascular permeability associated with pathological states (e.g., inflammatory and hypersensitivity disorders, pulmonary edema, traumatic lung injury, cerebral edema resulting from stroke, and others), it is important to develop therapeutic approaches to stabilize these interendothelial junctions. Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), a potent proangiogenic cytokine, was first described as vascular permeability factor (VPF). Doxycycline, a tetracycline derivative, has been shown to inhibit angiogenesis in both humans and animal models. We now report that oral doxycycline prevents VPF/VEGF‐induced vascular permeability, interleukin‐2‐induced pulmonary edema, and delayed‐type hypersensitivity (DTH) in mice. Remarkably, doxycycline also inhibits tumor growth and tumor‐associated vascular hyperpermeability. Finally, we show that doxycycline targets the adherens junction in vascular endothelial cells by inducing the total amount of VE‐cadherin expression while decreasing the degree of its phosphorylation. The potential of doxycyline as a therapeutic inhibitor of vascular hyperpermeability in human clinical conditions is promising and warrants further studies. —Fainaru, O. , Adini, I. , Benny, O. , Bazinet, L. , Pravda, E. , D'Amato, R. , Folkman. J. Doxycycline induces membrane expression of VE‐cadherin on endothelial cells and prevents vascular hyperpermeability. FASEB J. 22, 3728–3735 (2008)
Sharing Bookmarks Among Same Interest Persons

We propose Bookmark-agent system that enables users to share information in each user’s bookmarks with others. This system is more effective in finding specific information that is a common interest of all the members in a group than existing search engines, such as Yahoo and AltaVista. When a user wants to find certain URLs, the Bookmark-agent will find them on behalf of the user. In addition to that, the Bookmark agent requests other Bookmark agents to search their own bookmarks. As a result, the user can obtain information that best matches his/her needs from the Bookmark-agent. Since users filter the selected information beforehand, it is possible for the Bookmark-agent to satisfy a users’ requests more precisely than existing search engines. After conducting experiments on six users, we have found that the Bookmark-agent system is a promising approach to share URLs in a small community.
A typed language for distributed mobile processes (extended abstract)

We describe a foundational language for specifying dynamically evolving networks of distributed processes, D¿. The language is a distributed extension of the ¿-calculus which incorporates the notions of remote execution, migration, and site failure. Novel features of D¿ include 1. Communication channels are explicitly located: the use of a channel requires knowledge of both the channel and its location. 2. Names are endowed with permissions: the holder of a name may only use that name in the manner allowed by these permissions.A type system is proposed in which-the types control the allocation of permissions; in well-typed processes all names are used in accordance with the permissions allowed by the types. We prove Subject Reduction and Type Safety Theorems for the type system. In the final section we define a semantic theory based on barbed bisimulations and discuss its characterization in terms of a bisimulation relation over a relativized labelled transition system.
Emotion in Consumer Simulations for the Development and Testing of Recommendations for Marketing Strategies

To examine the impact factors and mechanisms of the decision to switch to green electricity, we develop a socio-cognitive agent-based simulation. Following seminal research in the field of decision making we focus on emotion and social norms as core mechanisms in consumer decisions. A survey of possible consumers provides the information how to calibrate the simulation, by which means a first validation is reached. Further data analysis supports model validation and exploration. Overall, this methodology provides the premises of using simulations for recommending marketing strategies that support the distribution of environmental-friendly energy providers.
Cytotoxicity of Mycoplasma mycoides subsp. mycoides Small Colony Type to Bovine Epithelial Cells

ABSTRACT The cytotoxicities of various strains of Mycoplasma mycoides subsp. mycoides small colony type (SC), the agent of contagious bovine pleuropneumonia (CBPP), were measured in vitro using embryonic calf nasal epithelial (ECaNEp) cells. Strains isolated from acute cases of CBPP induced high cytotoxicity in the presence of glycerol, concomitant with the release of large amounts of toxic H2O2 that were found to be translocated into the cytoplasms of the host cells by close contact of the Mycoplasma strains with the host cells. Currently used vaccine strains also showed high cytotoxicity and high H2O2 release, indicating that they are attenuated in another virulence attribute. Strains isolated from recent European outbreaks of CBPP with mild clinical signs, which are characterized by a defect in the glycerol uptake system, released small amounts of H2O2 and showed low cytotoxicity to ECaNEp cells. M. mycoides subsp. mycoides SC strain PG1 released large amounts of H2O2 but was only slightly cytotoxic. PG1 was found to have a reduced capacity to bind to ECaNEp cells and was unable to translocate H2O2 into the bovine cells, in contrast to virulent strains that release large amounts of H2O2. Thus, an efficient translocation of H2O2 into host cells is a prerequisite for the cytotoxic effect and requires an intact adhesion mechanism to ensure a close contact between mycoplasmas and host cells.
On the Reenements of a Polyhedral Subdivision

Let : P ! Q be an aane projection map between two polytopes P and Q. Billera and Sturmfels introduced in 1992 the concept of polyhedral subdivisions of Q induced by (or-induced) and the ber polytope of the projection: a polytope (P;) of dimension dim(P) ? dim(Q) whose faces are in correspondence with the coherent-induced subdivisions (or-coherent subdivisions). In this paper we investigate the structure of the poset of-induced reenements of a-induced subdivision. In particular, we deene the re-nement polytope associated to any-induced subdivision S, which is a generalization of the ber polytope and shares most of its properties. As applications of the theory we prove that if a point connguration has non-regular subdivisions then it has non-regular triangulations and we provide simple proofs of the existence of non-regular subdivisions for many particular point conngurations.
인플레이션 동학과 통화정책 (Inflation Dynamics and Monetary Policy)

Korean Abstract: 인플레이션 지속성은 미래 인플레이션 예측과 거시경제 안정화를 위한 비용에 적지 않은 영향을 준다는 점에서 중앙은행의 주요 관심사항 중 하나이다. 인플레이션 지속성이 크다면 인플레이션에 충격이 발생한 후 균형 또는 목표수준으로 회귀하는데 오랜 시간이 소요되며, 중앙은행이 물가안정 정책을 수행하는 과정에서 실물부문의 손실이 커질 수 있다. 최근의 이론연구에 따르면 인플레이션에 대한 정책 대응이 인플레이션의 지속성을 결정하는 데 있어 중요한 역할을 하는 것으로 알려져 있다. 이에 본 연구에서는 우리나라를 대상으로 CPI 인플레이션의 지속성이 어떻게 변해왔으며, 통화정책의 대응과 인플레이션 지속성 간에 어떤 관계가 있는지 실증적으로 분석해 보았다. 우선 국면전환 ADF 모형, 국면전환 시변 파라미터 모형 등 다양한 형태의 모형을 이용하여 인플레이션 지속성을 추정해본 결과, 인플레이션 지속성은 70년대말∼80년대 초, 90년대 초반 및 외환위기 등의 기간에 높았으나 외환위기 이후 낮아진 것으로 나타났다. 한편, 인플레이션 지속성과 통화정책 기조가 각각 독립적으로 국면전환하는 모형과 국면전환을 고려한 구조모형 등을 통해 살펴본 결과, 통화정책은 인플레이션 지속성이 낮아진 2000년대 이후 인플레이션에 대해 과거보다 좀 더 적극적으로 대응했던 것으로 분석되었다. 이는 물가안정 목표제의 도입 및 성공적인 정착과 인플레이션 지속성 간에 상관관계가 있음을 시사한다. 이상의 결과를 종합해 보면, 통화정책적 대응이 인플레이션 지속성에 대한 영향을 미쳐 거시경제 안정을 달성하는 데 중요한 역할을 하는 것으로 판단된다. English Abstract: Recent studies show that a monetary policy stance is an immediate determinant of inflation persistence. This paper shows how inflation persistence has changed over time and whether monetary policy stance plays an important role of determining inflation persistence.First, we estimate how inflation persistence has changed over time by using various models, including regime - switching ADF models and time-varying-parameter models. The results show that inflation for the period from the late 70s to the early 80s and during the foreign currency crisis in the late 90s has been relatively high with the persistence coefficient close to 1.In addition, the monetary policy stance represented by a Taylor-type policy rule has been more aggressive against inflation since 2000 when both inflation and its persistence were low and stable. Also, inflation persistence rather rises with macroeconomics instability under passive monetary policy. Therefore, the monetary policy stance on inflation appears to play an important role in lowering inflation persistence and achieving macroeconomic stability.
Network-level privacy for hosted cloud services

Cloud infrastructure providers allow multiple services to be hosted on a shared physical infrastructure. In a typical virtualized and multi-tenant environment, the cloud infrastructure and the hosted cloud services are managed by different administrative entities that may not trust each other. In such a scenario, the cloud service providers might hesitate to disclose operational information to the infrastructure providers. In this paper, we present Encrypted IP (EncrIP), a network-level design consideration for encrypting IP addresses that hides information about which end-systems are communicating in a cloud service, while still allowing packet forwarding with longest-prefix match in commodity routers. Using probabilistic encryption, EncrIP can avoid that an observer can identify what traffic belongs to the same source-destination pairs. Our evaluation results show that EncrIP requires only a few MB of memory on the gateways where traffic enters and leaves the cloud network infrastructure. In our prototype implementation of EncrIP on GENI, which uses standard IP headers, the success probability of a statistical inference attack to identify packets belonging to the same session is less than 0.001%. Therefore, we believe EncrIP presents a practical solution for protecting privacy in multi-tenant, cloud network infrastructure.
Board Composition, Committees, and Organizational Efficiency: The Case of Nonprofits

This article investigates the relationship between nonprofit board composition and organizational efficiency. Overall,we find a significant statistical association between the presence of major donors on the board and indicators of organizational efficiency. Although causality cannot be demonstrated,our findings are consistent with the Fama and Jensen (1983) conjecture that major donors monitor nonprofit organizations at least in part through their board membership. The multivariate analysis shows that the ratio of total expenses to program expenses is significantly and negatively associated with higher donor representation. Decomposing the total expense ratio into its two components,we find that different factors affect the administrative and fundraising expense ratios. The percentage of major donors on the finance committee,a key committee overseeing budgets and administrative expenses,is negatively related to the organization’s administrative expenses ratio. The presence of major donors on other board committees is not significantly statistically associated with nonprofit efficiency.
Multi-layer configuration exploration of MPSoCs for streaming applications

While integration of configurable components, such as soft processors, in MPSoC design enables further system adaptation to application needs, supporting system level tools need to provide an environment for systematic and efficient configuration exploration. This paper presents a multi-layer configuration exploration framework for streaming applications on MPSoCs. We introduce a novel Configuration Exploration Tree (CET) for configuration selection per processor. Integrated in a system-level design environment, our CET enables efficient and fully automatic exploration of processor configurations in MPSoC. The proposed CET supports the fast evaluation of feasible configurations by simulation at highest levels of abstraction. In addition, assuming monotonous impact of configuration values on system throughput, we use an ordering among the nodes in the CET to minimize necessary simulations. Our exploration efficiently finds all feasible configurations for a given constraint.
ESSAYS ON THE NEW KEYNESIAN MODEL

OF THE DISSERTATION ESSAYS ON THE NEW KEYNESIAN MODEL by SEUNG MOON LEE Dissertation Director: Professor JOHN LANDON-LANE Professor JAE WON LEE This dissertation discusses the application, estimation and extension of the New Keynesian macroeconomic model. Chapter 2 estimates the exchange rate pass-through using Bayesian estimation techniques for Korea and the US. The degree of exchange rate pass-through for Korea is found to increase after the Asian crisis. The nominal rigidity parameter for Korean goods in the foreign countries increased from before the Asian crisis to after the Asian crisis. This suggests that although the important two assumptions on price setting, PCP and LCP, do not hold in this paper, importers in Korea have a stronger tendency to follow the PCP assumption and importers in U.S. have a stronger tendency to follow the LCP for Korean goods after the Asia Crisis. This is consistent with the notion that tradable prices are set in the currency that is most stable. Chapter 3 introduces the asset market segmentation into an otherwise standard New
Toward an hybrid control architecture for a mobile multi-robot systems

Hybrid architecture for autonomous navigation robots is presented in this paper. The principal future aim of this architecture is to achieve multi-robot convoy which must navigate in urban background, where autonomous vehicles have to track the desired trajectory while avoiding possible obstacles (walkers, other robots, etc.). Currently, we consider only the case of fixed obstacles. We propose to coordinate two continuous controllers (trajectory tracking and obstacle avoidance) by discrete events. However, hard switch from obstacle avoidance to trajectory following controller, may cause collision or undesired effects due to nonholonomic constraint or switching effects. Therefore, we introduce a third controller to overcome these drawbacks.
Supervised feature quantization with entropy optimization

Feature quantization is a crucial component for efficient large scale image retrieval and object recognition. By quantizing local features into visual words, one hopes that features that match each other obtain the same word ID. Then, similarities between images can be measured with respect to the corresponding histograms of visual words. Given the appearance variations of local features, traditional quantization methods do not take into account the distribution of matched features. In this paper, we investigate how to encode additional prior information on the feature distribution via entropy optimization by leveraging ground truth correspondence data. We propose a computationally efficient optimization scheme for large scale vocabulary training. The results from our experiments suggest that entropy-optimized vocabulary performs better than unsupervised quantization methods in terms of recall and precision for feature matching. We also demonstrate the advantage of the optimized vocabulary for image retrieval.
Differential Expression of Bone Morphogenetic Proteins in the Developing Vestibular and Auditory Sensory Organs

The genes responsible for the formation of various sensory organs in the inner ear are not known. There are eight sensory organs in the chick inner ear, and our previous study showed that all presumptive sensory organs initially express bone morphogenetic protein 4 (BMP4), a member of the transforming growth factor (TGF)-β gene family. To address the potential role of BMPs in the patterning of different sensory organ structures, we investigated the expression of BMP4, BMP5, and BMP7 during sensory organ differentiation in the chick inner ear. The gene expression pattern of BMP5, although similar to that of BMP4, was transient and disappeared by embryonic day 3.5 (E3.5). In contrast, BMP7 gene expression was quite extensive, starting in the otic placode. By E5, gene expression patterns of BMP4 and BMP7 differed among vestibular and auditory sensory organs. In the vestibular sensory organs, BMP7 gene expression segregated from the main sensory tissue areas at the onset of differentiation, whereas BMP4 expression concentrated in supporting cells. In the cochlea, however, BMP7 gene expression became restricted to sensory tissue over time and eventually concentrated in supporting cells, whereas BMP4 gene expression was localized to hair cells. The different BMP expression patterns in developing auditory and vestibular sensory organs may help to shape each respective sensory structure. Furthermore, the expression of BMP4 in the cochlea also revealed an interesting pattern of sensory cell differentiation: the distal portion of the cochlea differentiates first, and the tall hair cells develop before the short hair cells.
Fast H . 264 Skip Mode Selection Using an Estimation Framework

A method for making early mode decisions in an H.264 coder is presented. Significant computation savings can be achieved, since the proposed algorithm can estimate whether the coder would choose to skip, that is, transmit minimal information, for the current macroblock without explicitly coding the macroblock. Estimates are based on coding mode statistics gathered from representative sequences, and results show computation savings of 70-85% for low-activity sequences.
Jensen-Shannon Divergence analysis of pathological electrocardiogram

In this paper, complexity measure based on Jensen-Shannon Divergence was used to compute complexity of the ECG signals, which include normal sinus rhythm, atrial premature contraction (APC) and sinus bradycardia (SBR) signals from the MIT-BIH standard database. The results show that three kinds of signals have different complexity measures. Normal sinus rhythm has the highest complexity, followed by sinus bradycardia (SBR) signals, and atrial premature contraction (APC) has the lowest complexity. It has good reference for clinical detecting and diagnosing with atrial premature contraction (APC) and sinus bradycardia (SBR) signals.
Control of Actin Dynamics in Cell Motility

Actin polymerization plays a major role in cell movement. The controls of actin sequestration/desequestration and of ®lament turnover are two important features of cell motility. Actin binding proteins use properties derived from the steady-state monomer± polymer cycle of actin in the presence of ATP, to control the F-actin/G-actin ratio and the turnover rate of actin ®laments. Capping proteins and pro®lin regulate the size of the pools of F-actin and unassembled actin by affecting the steady-state concentration of ATP ±G-actin. At steady state, the treadmilling cycle of actin ®laments is fed by their disassembly from the pointed ends. It is regulated in two different ways by capping proteins and ADF, as follows. Capping proteins, in decreasing the number of growing barbed ends, increase their individual rate of growth and create a ``funneled'' treadmilling process. ADF/co®lin, in increasing the rate of pointed-end disassembly, increases the rate of ®lament turnover, hence the rate of barbed-end growth. In conclusion, capping proteins and ADF cooperate to increase the rate of actin assembly up to values that support the rates of actin-based motility processes.