Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The Unexpected Uses of Urso- and Tauroursodeoxycholic Acid in the Treatment of Non-liver Diseases

Tauroursodeoxycholic acid (TUDCA) is the taurine conjugate of ursodeoxycholic acid (UDCA), a US Food and Drug Administration—approved hydrophilic bile acid for the treatment of certain cholestatic liver diseases. There is a growing body of research on the mechanism(s) of TUDCA and its potential therapeutic effect on a wide variety of non-liver diseases. Both UDCA and TUDCA are potent inhibitors of apoptosis, in part by interfering with the upstream mitochondrial pathway of cell death, inhibiting oxygen-radical production, reducing endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress, and stabilizing the unfolded protein response (UPR). Several studies have demonstrated that TUDCA serves as an anti-apoptotic agent for a number of neurodegenerative diseases, including amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, and Huntington's disease. In addition, TUDCA plays an important role in protecting against cell death in certain retinal disorders, such as retinitis pigmentosa. It has been shown to reduce ER stress associated with elevated glucose levels in diabetes by inhibiting caspase activation, up-regulating the UPR, and inhibiting reactive oxygen species. Obesity, stroke, acute myocardial infarction, spinal cord injury, and a long list of acute and chronic non-liver diseases associated with apoptosis are all potential therapeutic targets for T/UDCA. A growing number of pre-clinical and clinical studies underscore the potential benefit of this simple, naturally occurring bile acid, which has been used in Chinese medicine for more than 3000 years.
Fe b 20 17 EXTENDED CAFFARELLI-KOHN-NIRENBERG INEQUALITIES , AND REMAINDERS , STABILITY

In this paper we give an extension of the classical Caffarelli-KohnNirenberg inequalities: we show that for 1 < p, q < ∞, 0 < r < ∞ with p+ q ≥ r, δ ∈ [0, 1]∩ [ r−q r , p r ] with δr p + (1−δ)r q = 1 and a, b, c ∈ R with c = δ(a−1)+b(1−δ), and for all functions f ∈ C 0 (R \{0}) we have ‖|x|f‖Lr(Rn) ≤ ∣∣∣∣ p n− p(1− a) ∣∣∣∣ δ ‖|x|∇f‖ δ Lp(Rn) ∥|x|bf ∥∥1−δ Lq(Rn) for n 6= p(1− a), where the constant ∣∣ p n−p(1−a) ∣∣ δ is sharp for p = q with a− b = 1 or p 6= q with p(1− a) + bq 6= 0. In the critical case n = p(1− a) we have ‖|x|cf‖Lr(Rn) ≤ p δ ‖|x| log |x|∇f‖ δ Lp(Rn) ∥|x|bf ∥∥1−δ Lq(Rn) . Moreover, we also obtain anisotropic versions of these inequalities which can be conveniently formulated in the language of Folland and Stein’s homogeneous groups. Consequently, we obtain remainder estimates for L-weighted Hardy inequalities on homogeneous groups, which are also new in the Euclidean setting of R. The critical Hardy inequalities of logarithmic type and uncertainty type principles on homogeneous groups are obtained. Moreover, we investigate another improved version of L-weighted Hardy inequalities involving a distance and stability estimates. The relation between the critical and the subcritical Hardy inequalities on homogeneous groups is also investigated. We also establish sharp Hardy type inequalities in L, 1 < p < ∞, with superweights, i.e. with the weights of the form (a+b|x| ) β p |x|m allowing for different choices of α and β. There are two reasons why we call the appearing weights the superweights: the arbitrariness of the choice of any homogeneous quasi-norm and a wide range of parameters.
Hybrid Texture based Classification of Breast Mammograms using Adaboost Classifier

Breast cancer is one of the most dangerous, leading and widespread cancers in the world especially in women. For breast analysis, digital mammography is the most suitable tool used to take mammograms for detection of cancer. It has been proved in the literature that if it can be detected at early and initial stages, then there are many chances to cure timely and efficiently. Therefore, initial screening of mammograms is the most important to detect cancer at initial stages. A radiologist is very expensive in the whole world wide and for a common person, it is very difficult to take opinion from more than one radiologist because it is a very sensitive disease. Thus, another solution is required that can be used as a second opinion to help the low cost solution to the patients. In this paper, a solution has been proposed to solve such type of problem to take mammograms and then detect cancer automatically in those images without any help of radiologist or medical specialist. So this solution can be adopted especially at the initial level. Proposed method first segment the portion of the image that contains these cancerous parts. After that, enhancement has been performed so that cancer can be clearly visible and identifiable. Texture features have been extracted to classify mammograms. An ensemble classifier AdaBoost has been used to classify those features by using the concept of intelligent experts. The standard dataset has been used for validation of the proposed method by using well-known quantitative measures. Proposed method has been compared with the existing method. Results show that proposed method has achieved 96.74% accuracy as well as 98.34% sensitivity.
Uptake and metabolism of plasma glutamine by the small intestine.

Abstract An isolated, vascularly perfused preparation of rat intestine extracted large amounts of glutamine (75 µmoles per hour), but no other amino acid, from a recirculated blood perfusate. With l-[U-14C]glutamine, the carbon was partly incorporated into tissue acid-insoluble material (14%) and the rest reappeared with little delay in intestinal venous blood in CO2 (57%), citrulline (6%), proline (5%), and organic acids (18%), predominantly citric acid and lactic acid. Perfusate glutamine was the source of 32% of the CO2 produced by the preparation, although the perfusate contained 10 to 15 mm glucose. Most glutamine uptake and metabolism occurred in the small intestinal mucosal cells and, from analyses of labeled tissue metabolites, appeared to proceed via glutamic acid. The rapid flow of glutamine carbon through mucosa may be explained in part by the small glutamine pool, only 0.2 µmole per g of tissue. Glutamine nitrogen taken up by intestine could be approximately accounted for by the quantities of citrulline (34%), alanine (33%), ammonia (23%), and proline (10%) released back into the perfusate. Glutamine uptake comparable to that found in the isolated organ was observed in vivo, from arteriovenous concentration measurements across intestine in fasted dogs, cats, hamsters, monkeys, and conventional and germ-free rats. Twenty-five to 33% of plasma glutamine was extracted in each pass through the tissue. Glutamine uptake persisted in rats during transport of large amounts of glutamic acid from the intestinal lumen into the blood and in rats injected with 6-diazo-5-oxo-l-norleucine. The results of these studies suggest that glutamine derived from blood is an important respiratory substrate for cells in the small intestinal mucosa and that intestine is a major site for metabolism of glutamine released into the circulation by other tissues.
SIMULATION OF A PASSENGER CAR PERFORMANCE AND EMISSIONS USING THE AVL-CRUISE SOFTWARE

Lucrarea prezintă un studiu teoretic al emisiilor de gaze poluante pentru autoturisme. Au fost cercetate mai multe condiţii de exploatare, utilizând software-ul de simulare AVL-CRUISE, cu studiu de caz aplicat pentru un autoturism echipat cu motor cu aprindere prin scânteie. Programul de simulare poate fi utilizat pentru analiza parametrilor de funcţionare pentru întregul autovehicul, atât motorul, transmisia, cât şi sistemul de tratare a gazelor de evacuare, în toate fazele de proiectare. Astfel se obţine o reducere semnificativă a timpului alocat cercetărilor experimentale, ceea ce duce la o scădere a costurilor asociate dezvoltării prototipurilor şi o identificare rapidă a punctelor critice unde se pot obţine îmbunătăţiri semnificative în privinţa performanţelor. Cuvinte cheie: Programul AVL-CRUISE, emisii poluante, autoturisme, motor, transmisie. Abstract: This paper presents a theoretical study of emissions variation for passenger cars. Various situations were investigated by simulation using the AVL-CRUISE software applied for vehicles powered by spark ignition engines. The software can be used to analyze operational parameters for the entire vehicle, including the power unit, transmission and after-treatment system, throughout all the development phases. This greatly reduces the need for experimental trials and results in decreased development costs, with speedy identification of critical points where significant improvements can be achieved.
Decision Forest: A Nonparametric Approach to Modeling Irrational Choice

Customer behavior is often assumed to follow weak rationality, which implies that adding a product to an assortment will not increase the choice probability of another product in that assortment. However, an increasing amount of research has revealed that customers are not necessarily rational when making decisions. In this paper, we propose a new nonparametric choice model that relaxes this assumption and can model a wider range of customer behavior, such as decoy effects between products. In this model, each customer type is associated with a binary decision tree, which represents a decision process for making a purchase based on checking for the existence of specific products in the assortment. Together with a probability distribution over customer types, we show that the resulting model—a decision forest—is able to represent any customer choice model, including models that are inconsistent with weak rationality. We theoretically characterize the depth of the forest needed to fit a data set of historical assortments and prove that with high probability, a forest whose depth scales logarithmically in the number of assortments is sufficient to fit most data sets. We also propose two practical algorithms—one based on column generation and one based on random sampling—for estimating such models from data. Using synthetic data and real transaction data exhibiting nonrational behavior, we show that the model outperforms both rational and nonrational benchmark models in out-of-sample predictive ability. This paper was accepted by Chung Piaw Teo, optimization.
Medication beliefs are associated with phosphate binder non-adherence in hyperphosphatemic haemodialysis patients.

OBJECTIVES Patients with end-stage kidney disease receiving haemodialysis (HD) are at risk of cardiovascular disease and bone disorders related to high levels of serum phosphate. We studied the association between medication beliefs and depressive symptoms, with non-adherence to phosphate binding medication in a group of HD patients at risk of complications due to hyperphosphatemia. DESIGN Cross-sectional design. METHODS Baseline data from 112 patients participating in a randomized controlled trial, evaluating an adherence intervention, are presented. All patients had serum phosphate levels >1.6 mmol/l at baseline. Adherence was measured by (1) serum phosphate and (2) Medication Adherence Report Scales (MARS). Beliefs about Medicines (BMQ) and depressive symptoms (PHQ-9) were also evaluated. RESULTS Beliefs about Medicines Questionnaire necessity, but not concerns, beliefs were found to correlate with serum phosphate (r = -.23, p < .05) and self-reported adherence (r = .35, p < .01). In regression models, controlling for demographic, clinical and psychological variables, necessity beliefs explained the variance of serum phosphate (β = -.22, p = .01) and self-reported adherence (β = .30, p ≤ .01). Both BMQ concerns and depressive symptoms were not related to non-adherence. CONCLUSION Patients' beliefs about the necessity of their prescribed phosphate binding medications explain variation in non-adherence levels, measured both subjective and objectively. Dialysis patient's medication beliefs are potentially modifiable targets for future interventions.
Exploiting Non-Parallel Corpora for Statistical Machine Translation

Constructing a corpus of parallel sentence pairs is an important work in building a Statistical Machine Translation system. It impacts deeply how the quality of a Statistical Machine Translation could achieve. The more parallel sentence pairs we use to train the system, the better translation's quality it is. Nowadays, comparable non-parallel corpora become important resources to alleviate scarcity of parallel corpora. The problem here is how to extract parallel sentence pairs automatically but accurately from comparable non-parallel corpora, which are usually very "noisy". This paper presents how we can apply the reinforcement-learning scheme with our new proposed algorithm for detecting parallel sentence pairs. We specify that from an initial set of parallel sentences in a domain, the proposed model can extract a large number of new parallel sentence pairs from non-parallel corpora resources in different domains, concurrently increasing the system's translation ability gradually.
Commentary: the birth of microalbuminuria: a milestone in the history of medicine.

show the association of renal disease and albumin-uria, but he also established the concept of the renal origin of cardiovascular disease. So it has been a long story, yet to be completed. References 1 Bright R. Cases and observations illustrative of renal disease accompanied with the secretion of albuminous urine. The concomitants of raised blood sugar: studies in newly detected hyperglycaemics. 1. A comparative assessment of neurological functions in blood sugar groups. Guy's concomitants of raised blood sugar: studies in newly-detected hyperglycaemics. II. Urinary albumin ex-cretion, blood pressure and their relation to blood sugar levels. Clinical scientists are rarely awarded the Nobel Prize for Medicine. Their legacy is provided by original observations that stand the test of time and gain insights into mechanisms of disease which may open the way to new treatment options. The article entitled 'The concomitants of raised blood sugar: studies in newly-detected hyperglycaemics. II. Urinary albumin excretion, blood pressure and their relation to blood sugar levels' by Keen and colleagues 1 is one such example. The paper appeared in 1969 in the Guy's Hospital Reports, a journal first published in 1836 and managed by an editorial committee of Guy's Hospital which contained papers by staff and lecturers , including some of the great men of Guy's such as Richard Bright (who helped found the journal), Thomas Addison and Thomas Hodgkin. The journal ceased publication in 1974 because of increasing costs of production and its circulation, by modern standards, cannot have been wide. And yet the paper by Keen et al has become a classic and deserving of a reprint as a 'historical article' by the International Journal of Epidemiology. It deals with the relation of blood sugar (sic) levels and blood pressure with urin-ary albumin excretion in the Bedford Study, a survey that screened the population of Bedford for the prevalence of diabetes. The survey identified three diagnostic groups—normal controls, borderline diabetic patients [the equivalent of today's impaired glucose tolerance (IGT)] and diabetic patients—which form the subjects of this article. In 1963, Keen and Chlouverakis had described a radio-immunoassay for measuring small concentrations of 18 INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF EPIDEMIOLOGY
Learning Temporal Rules from Knowledge Graph Streams

Knowledge Graphs (KGs) are a prevailing data management approach and have found extensive applications in recent years. While several methods have been proposed for learning schema information for KGs in the form of logical rules, they are not suitable for KGs with constantly evolving data. This paper makes the ﬁrst attempt to address the problem by presenting an approach to learning temporal rules from KG streams. The learned temporal rules can be applied in link prediction and event prediction over KG streams. Based on the proposed method, a system StreamLearner has been implemented. Our experimental results show that Stream-Learner is effective and efﬁcient in learning temporal rules on real-life datasets and signiﬁcantly outperforms some state-of-the-art systems that do not account for temporal knowledge or evolving data.
Mediating awareness and communication through digital but physical surrogates

Digital but physical surrogates are tangible representations of remote people positioned within an office and under digital control. Surrogates selectively collect and present awareness information about the people they represent. By having them react to physical actions of people, surrogates can control the communication capabilities of a media space. This enables the smooth transition from awareness to casual interaction while mitigating concerns about privacy.
[Effects of a home visiting program for older people with poor health status: a randomized, clinical trial in the Netherlands].

OBJECTIVES: To evaluate the effectiveness of a home visiting program on health-related measures in a population of older people with poor health status. DESIGN: Randomized, clinical trial. SETTING: Community-dwelling citizens in the Netherlands. PARTICIPANTS: Three hundred thirty people aged 70 to 84 randomly assigned to an intervention group (n=160) or a control group (n=170). INTERVENTION: Eight home visits, lasting 1 hour or more, with telephone follow-up, over an 18-month period, conducted by experienced home nurses under supervision of a public health nurse; key elements of the (systematic) visits were assessment of health problems and risks, advice, and referral to professional and community services. MEASUREMENTS: Self-rated health, functional status, quality of life, and changes in self-reported problems. RESULTS: No differences were found between the intervention and control group in these and other outcome measures at the end of the intervention period
Estimating Planar Surface Orientation Using Bispectral Analysis

In this correspondence, we propose a direct method for estimating the orientation of a plane from a single view under perspective projection. Assuming that the underlying planar texture has random phase, we show that the nonlinearities introduced by perspective projection lead to higher order correlations in the frequency domain. We also empirically show that these correlations are proportional to the orientation of the plane. Minimization of these correlations, using tools from polyspectral analysis, yields the orientation of the plane. We show the efficacy of this technique on synthetic and natural images.
EEG-based Drowsiness Detection for Safe Driving Using Chaotic Features and Statistical Tests

Electro encephalography (EEG) is one of the most reliable sources to detect sleep onset while driving. In this study, we have tried to demonstrate that sleepiness and alertness signals are separable with an appropriate margin by extracting suitable features. So, first of all, we have recorded EEG signals from 10 volunteers. They were obliged to avoid sleeping for about 20 hours before the test. We recorded the signals while subjects did a virtual driving game. They tried to pass some barriers that were shown on monitor. Process of recording was ended after 45 minutes. Then, after preprocessing of recorded signals, we labeled them by drowsiness and alertness by using times associated with pass times of the barriers or crash times to them. Then, we extracted some chaotic features (include Higuchi's fractal dimension and Petrosian's fractal dimension) and logarithm of energy of signal. By applying the two-tailed t-test, we have shown that these features can create 95% significance level of difference between drowsiness and alertness in each EEG channels. Ability of each feature has been evaluated by artificial neural network and accuracy of classification with all features was about 83.3% and this accuracy has been obtained without performing any optimization process on classifier.
New physics in the kinematic distributions of $\bar B\to D^{(*)}\tau^-(\to\ell^-\bar\nu_\ell\nu_\tau)\bar\nu_\tau$

We investigate the experimentally-accessible kinematic distributions of the $\bar B\to D^{(*)}\tau^-(\to\ell^-\bar\nu_\ell\nu_\tau)\bar\nu_\tau$ decays. Specifically, we study the decay rates as functions of the $B\to D^{(*)}$ transferred squared momentum, the energy of the final charged lepton and the angle of its 3-momentum relative to the 3-momentum of the recoiling $D^{(*)}$. The angular distribution allows to introduce new observables, like a forward-backward asymmetry, which are complementary to the total rates. We present analytic formulas for the observable 3-fold 5-body differential decay rates, study the predictions in the Standard Model and investigate the effects in different new-physics scenarios that we characterize using an effective field theory framework.
INTEGRAL observations of Hercules X-1

Aims. We investigate the X-ray spectral and timing properties of the accreting X-ray pulsar Her X-1 observed with the INTEGRAL satellite in July–August 2005. Methods. The data analyzed in this work cover a substantial part of one main-on state of the source. The short time scale pulse period development is measured. X-ray pulse profiles for different energy ranges and time intervals are constructed. Pulse-averaged and pulse-phase resolved broad band X-ray spectra are studied. Spectral changes during X-ray dips are explored. Results. The X-ray pulse profiles are found to change significantly during the period of observations. For the first time a strong spinup is measured within one 35 d cycle. Spectral characteristics observed during the X-ray dips are consistent with their interpretation as being due to partial covering as has been reported by several authors. The fundamental cyclotron absorption line is firmly observed in both pulse-averaged and pulse-phase resolved X-ray spectra. The energy, width, and the depth of the line are found to vary significantly with pulse phase.
Contrast Extravasation on CT Predicts Mortality in Primary Intracerebral Hemorrhage

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Recent studies of intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) treatments have highlighted the need to identify reliable predictors of hematoma expansion. The goal of this study was to determine whether contrast extravasation on multisection CT angiography (CTA) and/or contrast-enhanced CT (CECT) of the brain is associated with hematoma expansion and increased mortality in patients with primary ICH. MATERIALS AND METHODS: All patients with primary ICH who underwent CTA and CECT, as well as follow-up noncontrast CT (NCCT) before discharge/death from January 1, 2003, to September 30, 2005, were retrospectively identified. One neuroradiologist reviewed admission and follow-up NCCT for hematoma size and growth. A second neuroradiologist independently reviewed CTA and CECT for active contrast extravasation. Univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses were performed to evaluate the significance of clinical and radiologic variables in predicting 30-day mortality, designated as the primary outcome. Hematoma growth was considered as a secondary outcome. RESULTS: Of 56 patients, contrast extravasation was seen in 17.9% of patients on initial CTA and in 23.2% of patients on initial CECT following CTA. Univariate analysis showed that the presence of extravasation on CT, large initial hematoma size (>30 mL), the presence of “swirl sign” on NCCT, the Glasgow Coma Scale and ICH scores, and international normalized ratio were associated with increased mortality. On multivariate analysis, only contrast extravasation on CT (P = .017) independently predicted mortality. Contrast extravasation on CT (P < .001) was also an independent predictor of hematoma growth on multivariate analysis. CONCLUSION: Active contrast extravasation on CT in patients with primary ICH independently predicts mortality and hematoma growth.