Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Bored Bivalves in Upper Triassic (Norian) Event Beds, Northeastern British Columbia, Canada

Skeletobionts are important components of most shallow marine ecosystems. Prior to the fossils reported herein, evidence of skeletobionts was absent from Upper Triassic successions on the northwestern margin of Pangaea. The boring Talpina ramosa is reported from bivalve body fossils from the Upper Triassic (Lower Norian) lower Pardonet Formation at Pink Mountain in northeastern British Columbia. This Ichnotaxon penetrates through both the outer and inner surface of articulated and disarticulated bivalve shells preserved within sharp-based event beds. The occurrence of these trace fossils underscores the paucity of borings, bioerosional structures, and encrusting taxa from Triassic successions in the western Pangaean realm. Due to erosional removal of shallow water strata by a post-Triassic unconformity, these event beds provide the only available information regarding the ecological health of Late Triassic depositional systems in the study area.
A Remarkable Case of a Shark-Bitten Elasmosaurid Plesiosaur

KENSHU SHIMADA,*'1'2 TAKANOBU TSUIHIJI,3 TAMAKI SATO,4 and YOSHIKAZU HASEGAWA5; Environmental Science Program and Department of Biological Sciences, DePaul University, 2325 North Clifton Avenue, Chicago, Illinois 60614, U.S.A. , kshimada@depaul.edu; 2Sternberg Museum of Natural History, Fort Hays State University, 3000 Sternberg Drive, Hays, Kansas 67601, U.S.A. ; 3National Museum of Nature and Science, 3-23-1 Hyakuhin-cho, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 169-0073, Japan, taka@kahaku.go. jp; 4Department of Astronomy and Earth Sciences, Tokyo Gakugei University, 4-1-1 Nukui-Kita-Machi, Koganei City, Tokyo 184-8501, Japan, tsato@u-gakugei.ac. jp; 5Gunma Museum of Natural History, 1674-1 Kamikuroiwa, Tomimoka, Gunma 370-2345, Japan, hasegawa@gmnh.pref. gunma.jp
Distribution and origin of helium, neon, and argon isotopes in Apollo 12 samples measured by in situ analysis with a laser‐probe mass spectrometer

Distributions of the relative isotopic abundances of helium, neon, and argon were measured in situ by laser-probe mass spectrometric analysis of Apollo samples 12070,67 (fines and individual gabbro, basalt, feldspar, and glass fragments); 12018,24 gabbro (interior and exterior surface); and 12010,13 breccia (interior and exterior of matrix and vein of fine-grained material). On a scale of 10−3 to 10−5 gram, the distributions of helium, neon, and argon isotopes in these samples are highly variable. The maximum abundances of these gases are located (1) in rocks within <30 μ of the pitted ‘top’ surface (that surface exposed to solar irradiation), (2) in loose fines from the lunar surface, or (3) in veins of fine-grained material within rock breccias. The relative abundances of the helium, neon, and argon isotopes from the ‘top’ surface (<30 μ) of 12018,24 are similar to the isotopic abundances measured in the lunar fines of 12070,67 and are consistent with an origin by solar-wind implantation, having 3He/4He=5.5 and 4.4±0.3×10−4, 4He/20Ne = 97 ± 14, 4He/36Ar = 1050 ± 150, 20Ne/22Ne = 11.2 ± 0.4, and 21Ne/22Ne = 0.035 ± 0.006. A comparison of the ratios of helium, neon, and argon isotopes from these samples with the ratios determined on the fine-grained vein material of 12010,13 and on the previously analyzed fine-grained vein material of Fayetteville and Kapoeta meteorites shows that the 3He/4He is 30% less in the meteorites than in the lunar samples. Furthermore, although the 4He/20Ne from Kapoeta is consistent with the lunar results, the 4He/36Ar is a factor of 3 higher, whereas the relative abundances of isotopic helium, neon, and argon from Fayetteville are not equivalent to the lunar results. Cosmogenic gases, isotopically similar to the gases produced in achondritic meteorites by galactic cosmic-ray bombardment, as well as 40Ar, which is believed to be radiogenic in origin, are distributed in the interior and occasionally on the exterior of the lunar samples.
Automatic Monitoring Area Delineation Method Based on Multi-Source Data Fusion and Self-Calibration

For large warehouses in the automatic division of different monitoring areas there is a masking problem, based only on a single camera device on the work area division cannot accurately divide the monitoring area, even if the use of LIDAR and camera data fusion method to divide the area, due to the need for calibration between the two-sensor data, there is a lot of human involvement. In this paper, we propose a method to automatically segment the surveillance area based on multi-source data fusion and self-calibration, fuse multiple data through image self-calibration and point cloud data self-calibration, and share data transmission among multiple devices via networking. The proposed method can achieve accurate monitoring area partitioning in different scenarios, with strong accuracy in data fusion and self-calibration. The proposed method has strong applications in the field of real-world surveillance, where it can improve the efficiency and accuracy of surveillance systems and reduce manual intervention.
Robust Optimal Scheduling of Distribution Networks Considering the Tail Correlation of Power and Load

Constructing reasonable uncertainty sets is a prerequisite for applying robust optimization in power system scheduling problems. To enhance the precision of the uncertainty set, this paper proposes constructing uncertainty sets based on tail correlation, jointly characterizes the power-load uncertainty in the system, and applies it to the optimization and scheduling of the distribution network. First, this paper proposed a specific definition of the generalized extreme value theory which is extended to the multivariate form. On this basis, the concept of tail correlation is introduced, and the tail correlation between uncertain variables on the source and load sides is calculated and analyzed. The extreme joint distribution of uncertain variables with strong correlation is fitted, and the percentile function of the joint distribution is taken to obtain the sample to construct the uncertainty set. An actual distribution network in Lu'an City, Anhui Province, is used as an example to verify the proposed approach. The results indicate that this method is able to precisely depict the uncertainty of the system, guarantee reliability, and decrease the conservatism of the scheduling plan.
A Global Attention Pooling-Based Graph Learning Scheme for Generator-Level Transient Stability Assessment

Generator-level transient stability assessment (GTSA) provides richer generator information for preventive controls than existing system-level transient stability (TSA) assessment. We propose a global attention pooling-based graph learning scheme (GAP-GL), where the global attention pooling (GAP) assigns an expressive vector for each generator while the downstream networks for generator (DN4G) with the same parameters transform each vector to stability status of the corresponding generator. Test results on IEEE 39 Bus system verify the superiority of GAP-GL over existing schemes under scenarios with different topologies, contingencies and system scales.
Integrated Learning-Based Feature Extraction and Regression Analysis

Integrated learning refers to the method of statistically deriving new results from predictions made by some weak regressors, which can greatly improve the appropriateness and reasonableness of predictions and fits. In this paper, integrated learning algorithms are applied to the study of industrial wastewater impact factors for the first time. Here, the already mature random forest regression method based on Bagging method for integration of decision tree regressors for feature extraction and AdaBoost integration method for model fitting are mainly applied.
Intercomparison of global PAR data sets

Global data sets of surface-incident photosynthetically active radiation (PAR, 400–700 nm) from three satellite-based methodologies are compared with each other and with ground data. Two are based on C1 data from the International Satellite Cloud Climatology Project (ISCCP): ISCCP-BR was produced from an existing total shortwave irradiance data set by assuming 50% PAR; ISCCP-PL is an existing PAR-specific data set. TOMS PAR is based on 370 nm data from the Nimbus-7 Total Ozone Mapping Spectrometer (TOMS). ISCCP-BR and ISCCP-PL are typically 12–16% and 8–12% greater than TOMS PAR, respectively. Comparison of ISCCP-BR, ISCCP-PL, and TOMS PAR with ground data at a mid-latitude site for non-winter (snow/ice-free) months yields RMS differences of 28.1%, 13.7%, and 7.2%, and biases of +25.9%, +12.0%, and +2.8%, respectively. The comparison indicates TOMS PAR provides the most reliable estimates of PAR for snow/ice-free, growing season months, i.e. when the energy is effective for photosynthesis. Differences among the data sets constitute a significant source of variation in results from biospheric process models that include PAR as a variable.
Comparison of vegetation phenological metrics extracted from GIMMS NDVIg and MERIS MTCI data sets over China

Evaluating vegetation phenology is crucial for a better understanding of the effects of climate change on the terrestrial ecosystem. The scientific community has used various vegetation index data sets from different sensors to quantify vegetation phenology from regional to global scales. The normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) related to photosynthetic activities is the most widely used index. Recently, a number of published articles have used the Medium Resolution Imaging Spectrometer (MERIS) terrestrial chlorophyll index (MTCI) to measure vegetation phenology. MTCI can closely represent the red-edge position (REP). Unlike NDVI, MTCI is more sensitive to high values of chlorophyll content. However, the consistency of vegetation phenological metrics derived from MTCI and NDVI needs to be further explored. This study compared two phenological metrics, i.e. onset of greenness (OG) and end of senescence (ES), extracted from MERIS MTCI data and Advanced Very High Resolution Radiometer (AVHRR) Global Inventory Modeling and Mapping Studies (GIMMS) first generation NDVI (NDVIg) data, which has the longest time records, at nine regions in China from 2003 to 2006. The results showed that the differences of OG and ES vary between different vegetation types, regions, and years, although both NDVI and MTCI time series capture the growth patterns well for most vegetation types. Compared to ES, the OG estimates are more consistent. NDVI yields in general later ES estimates than MTCI.
Risk flood areas, a study case: Basilicata Region.

Recent hydrological events have increased both public interest and that of the Scientific Community in a more accurate study of flooding areas. The aim of this work is to define the inundation risk along the main rivers of the Basilicata Region in order to create flooded area maps for different flow rates corresponding to different return periods. Three different software programs have been used for hydrodynamic simulation: Hec Ras (River Analysis System) produced by United States Army Corps of Engineers River Analysis System and developed by the Hydrologic Engineering Center, Mike 11 produced by the Danish Hydraulic Institute, and Mike 21 bi-dimensional model produced by the Danish Hydraulic Institute to compare the different behaviour of the models and evaluate the most suitable. The simulations have been carried out on more than 1500 river cross sections to define the geometric characteristics of streams. Peak flows with 30 year, 200 year and 500 year return periods have been considered as upstream boundary conditions, and for the bi-dimensional simulations data was surveyed with laser scanning techniques. The integration of hydrodynamic models and very detailed data, such as laser scanning data, is very difficult and requires a great deal of pre-processing. Here we have put forward a method of integration. The water surface elevation and top width achieved in riverbeds for each simulation has been used with GIS software to draw the different flooded area maps.
Evidence of Late Pleistocene ice‐dammed lakes in West Siberia

The article discusses geological data on proglacial lakes and spillways in the West Siberian Plain, data on crucial features of the Late Pleistocene reorganization of the drainage pattern of northern Eurasia. The discussion focuses on Late Pleistocene sediments along the margin of the last ice sheet and south of it, including new data recently obtained by the Russian‐Norwegian project PECHORA in Trans‐Uralia. Based on these data, the margin of the last ice sheet in the western and central parts of West Siberia is localized well above the Arctic Circle, i.e. 150–250 km north of the previously suggested ice limit. The available geochronological evidence indicates that the last ice dam across West Siberia, which diverted the great Siberian rivers to the south, appeared at early stages of the last, Weichselian ice age. The normal, northbound, drainage was restored later, within the time‐span accessible to radiocarbon dating, when two pre‐Holocene river terraces with mammal fauna were formed. The Late Weichselian was the driest period with ubiquitous aeolian activity and an absence of large water bodies. Preceding ice‐dammed lakes of West Siberia could only drain through the Turgai valley which leads southward into the Aral and Caspian seas. The sedimentary sequence of this passage consists of lacustrine clay, diamictic gravity flows and aeolian sediments younger than 29 kyr which infilled the former spillway mainly in the Late Weichselian. The basal sand and gravel mantling the bedrock floor, which descends from 55 m a.s. l. at 55°N to 30–40 m a.s. l. in the south, is the only signature of a southward drainage. This fluvial episode probably reflects overflow of a Siberian proglacial lake whose water level could reach 60 m a.s. l. prior to 29 kyr BP.
Artificial Space Weathering to Mimic Solar Wind Enhances the Toxicity of Lunar Dust Simulants in Human Lung Cells

Abstract During NASA's Apollo missions, inhalation of dust particles from lunar regolith was identified as a potential occupational hazard for astronauts. These fine particles adhered tightly to spacesuits and were unavoidably brought into the living areas of the spacecraft. Apollo astronauts reported that exposure to the dust caused intense respiratory and ocular irritation. This problem is a potential challenge for the Artemis Program, which aims to return humans to the Moon for extended stays in this decade. Since lunar dust is “weathered” by space radiation, solar wind, and the incessant bombardment of micrometeorites, we investigated whether treatment of lunar regolith simulants to mimic space weathering enhanced their toxicity. Two such simulants were employed in this research, Lunar Mare Simulant‐1 (LMS‐1), and Lunar Highlands Simulant‐1 (LHS‐1), which were added to cultures of human lung epithelial cells (A549) to simulate lung exposure to the dusts. In addition to pulverization, previously shown to increase dust toxicity sharply, the simulants were exposed to hydrogen gas at high temperature as a proxy for solar wind exposure. This treatment further increased the toxicity of both simulants, as measured by the disruption of mitochondrial function, and damage to DNA both in mitochondria and in the nucleus. By testing the effects of supplementing the cells with an antioxidant (N‐acetylcysteine), we showed that a substantial component of this toxicity arises from free radicals. It remains to be determined to what extent the radicals arise from the dust itself, as opposed to their active generation by inflammatory processes in the treated cells.
Satellite data used to locate site of 1998 Indian nuclear test

Together with traditional seismic methods, commercially available satellite imagery is becoming increasingly recognized as an attractive, open source of additional information for monitoring nuclear activities. Unlike seismic arrays, observations from space can be used to detect preparations, clandestine or otherwise, for weapons testing. Before-and-after-comparisons (so-called change detection methods) can be used to locate precisely where an underground nuclear explosion has occurred within an extensive site area. This article describes the use of commercial satellite imagery, in particular change detection, to locate the site of nuclear tests carried out in India in 1998.
Mapping the Modern Nation: Dudley Stamp and the Land Utilisation Survey of Britain

Some sixty years ago the first Land Utilisation Survey of Britain was completed. ' Co-ordinated by the geographer L. Dudley Stamp between 1930 and 1934 at the LSE, the exercise represents the first comprehensive mapping of land-use in the British Isles.2 Whilst it reflected some of the peculiar aesthetic concerns of the 1930s, the survey's design and use also encapsulated a dominant strain of modernity, landscape aesthetics, planning and reconstruction in the post-war period. It was executed by some two hundred and fifty thousand school children from around ten thousand schools guided by their geography teachers and local education authorities. Each was required to survey their parishes, mapping on Ordnance Survey (OS) six-inch base maps, colouring-in and noting, in standardised codes, the use of each parcel of land. In this project Stamp built upon the tradition of regional survey in Britain and Europe, a tradition which sought to inculcate an early appreciation of natural, vitalistic evolutionary order3 and for him, facilitated an understanding of the functioning unit in a democracy. Survey results were collated in London and transferred to one-inch maps, a format in which they were published for both professional and popular consumption. The Survey formed one of a series of specialist one-inch OS topographical maps which appeared in the inter-war period and guided an
A Design Method of Service-Oriented Software Architecture Description Language Supporting Performance Modeling

In order to support the modeling and analysis of the performance of service-oriented software in the architecture design phase, this paper proposes a design method of service-oriented software architecture description language supporting performance modeling. Based on the mature architecture description language xADL and the operation characteristics of service-oriented software, this method proposes a design concept that can extend the structure and behavior of ADL, define the elements, parameters and their relationship of architecture performance modeling, and realize the accurate performance modeling of service-oriented software architecture.
In-Situ Techniques on GPU-Accelerated Data-Intensive Applications

The computational power of High-Performance Computing (HPC) systems is constantly increasing, however, their input/output (IO) performance grows relatively slowly, and their storage capacity is also limited. This unbalance presents significant challenges for applications such as Molecular Dynamics (MD) and Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD), which generate massive amounts of data for further visualization or analysis. At the same time, checkpointing is crucial for long runs on HPC clusters, due to limited walltimes and/or failures of system components, and typically requires the storage of large amount of data. Thus, restricted IO performance and storage capacity can lead to bottlenecks for the performance of full application workflows (as compared to computational kernels without IO). In-situ techniques, where data is further processed while still in memory rather to write it out over the I/O subsystem, can help to tackle these problems. In contrast to traditional post-processing methods, in-situ techniques can reduce or avoid the need to write or read data via the IO subsystem. They offer a promising approach for applications aiming to leverage the full power of large scale HPC systems. In-situ techniques can also be applied to hybrid computational nodes on HPC systems consisting of graphics processing units (GPUs) and central processing units (CPUs). On one node, the GPUs would have significant performance advantages over the CPUs. Therefore, current approaches for GPU-accelerated applications often focus on maximizing GPU usage, leaving CPUs underutilized. In-situ tasks using CPUs to perform data analysis or preprocess data concurrently to the running simulation, offer a possibility to improve this underutilization.
Trend Ratio-Based Portfolio Optimization Model Adopting Entanglement-enhanced Quantum-Inspired Evolutionary Computation in the Global Financial Markets

Financial management is a critical and complicated issue. People tend to invest in the stock market and expect a stable uptrend portfolio to spread the investment risk effectively. As global economies affect each other, investing in global markets is the best way to address systematic risk for effective financial management. Selecting an appropriate portfolio across global markets involves a substantial solution space; thus, an efficient and effective evolutionary computation is proposed. The novel entanglement-enhanced quantum-inspired optimization technique is proposed as an efficient mechanism to search for the relationship between stocks with high-dependency solutions. The novel indicator trend ratio aims to evaluate the investor-desired portfolio with a stable uptrend under a perfect balance between return and risk. Therefore, this study is the first attempt to evaluate the major global markets in the Group of Seven (G7) countries to expand the generality of trend ratio usage. The experiments demonstrate that the proposed novel approach has better and more precise searchability than other state-of-the-art optimization. The proposed intelligent model outperforms the Sharpe ratio, benchmark strategy, and index performance regarding the trend ratio, risk, maximum drawdown, and profit factor. The results reveal that risk dispersion substantially improves investment performance. Under the evaluation of the trend ratio, the proposed system integrates G7 markets as an expansion of a prospective avenue for global asset management,
Three positive feedback mechanisms for ice-sheet melting in a warming climate

Abstract Three positive feedback mechanisms that accelerate ice-sheet melting are assessed in a warming climate, using a numerical ice model driven by atmospheric climate models. The Greenland ice sheet (GrIS) is the modeling test-bed under accelerated melting conditions. The first feedback is the interaction of sea water with ice. It is positive because fresh water melts ice faster than salty water, owing primarily to the reduction in water heat capacity by solutes. It is shown to be limited for the GrIS, which has only a small ocean interface, and the grounding line of some fast glaciers becomes land-terminating during the 21st century. The second positive feedback, strain heating, is positive because it produces further ice heating inside the ice sheet. The third positive feedback, granular basal sliding, applies to all ice sheets and becomes the dominant feedback during the 21st century. A numerical simulation of Jakobshavn Isbræ over the 21st century reveals that all three feedback processes are active for this glacier. Compared with the year 2000 level, annual ice discharge into the ocean could increase by ∼1.4 km3 a−1 (∼5% of the present annual rate) by 2100. Granular basal sliding contributes ∼40% of this increase.