Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Perspectives of Policy Makers and Service Users Concerning the Implementation of eHealth in Sweden: Interview Study

Background: Increasing life spans of populations and a growing demand for more advanced care make effective and cost-efficient provision of health care necessary. eHealth technology is often proposed, although research on barriers to and facilitators of the implementation of eHealth technology is still scarce and fragmented. Objective: The aim of this study is to explore the perceptions concerning barriers to and facilitators of the implementation of eHealth among policy makers and service users and explore the ways in which their perceptions converge and differ. Methods: This study used interview data from policy makers at different levels of health care (n=7) and service users enrolled in eHealth interventions (n=25). The analysis included separate qualitative content analyses for the 2 groups and then a second qualitative content analysis to explore differences and commonalities. Results: Implementation barriers perceived by policy makers were that not all service users benefit from eHealth and that there is uncertainty about the impact of eHealth on the work of health care professionals. Policy makers also perceived political decision-making as complex; this included problems related to provision of technical infrastructure and lack of extra resources for health care digitalization. Facilitators were policy makers’conviction that eHealth is what citizens want, their belief in eHealth solutions as beneficial for health care practice, and their belief in the importance of health care digitalization. Barriers for service users comprised capability limitations and varied preferences of service users and a mismatch of technology with user needs, lack of data protection, and their perception of eHealth as being more time consuming. Facilitators for service users were eHealth technology design and match with their skill set, personal feedback and staff support, a sense of privacy, a credible sender, and flexible use of time.There were several commonalities between the 2 stakeholder groups. Facilitators for both groups were the strong impetus toward technology adoption in society and expectations of time flexibility. Both groups perceived barriers in the difficulties of tailoring eHealth, and both groups expressed uncertainty about the care burden distribution. There were also differences: policy makers perceived that their decision-making was very complex and that resources for implementation were limited. Service users highlighted their need to feel that their digital data were protected and that they needed to trust the eHealth sender . Conclusions: Perceptions about barriers to and facilitators of eHealth implementation varied among stakeholders in different parts of the health care system. The study points to the need to reach an enhanced mutual understanding of priorities and overcome challenges at both the micro and macro levels of the health care system. More well-balanced decisions at the policy-maker level may lead to more effective and sustainable development and future implementation of eHealth.
Effect of initial water content on undrained shear behaviour of reconstituted clays

Isotropically consolidated undrained triaxial compression shear tests were performed on three reconstituted clays to investigate the effect of initial water content w0 on undrained strength behaviour. The values of w0 were adjusted within the range of 1·0–2·0 times the liquid limit. The predominant clay mineral is identified as illite for the considered clays, based on a semi-quantitative analysis of the X-ray diffraction patterns. The laboratory tests show that the stress–strain curve in terms of deviator stress against axial strain and the effective stress path in terms of deviator stress against effective mean stress are significantly affected by w0. The undrained strength ratio R*su, defined as the ratio of the undrained shear strength S*u to the isotropic consolidation stress, varies with w0 within a wide spectrum, ranging from 0·28 to 0·60 for the three reconstituted clays investigated. The relationship between void index Iv and S*u changes with R*su, and becomes identical to the intrinsic strength .
Inter-Reader Variability Using PI-RADS v2 Versus PI-RADS v2.1: Most New Disagreement Stems from Scores 1 and 2 Vergleich der Interrater-Reliabilität von PI-RADS v2 und PI-RADS v2.1: Neue Differenzen entspringen meistens den Bewertungen 1 und 2

Purpose To analyze possible differences in the inter-reader variability between PI-RADS version 2 (v2) and version 2.1 (v2.1) for the classification of prostate lesions using multiparametric MRI (mpMRI) of the prostate. Methods In this retrospective and randomized study, 239 annotated and histopathologically
Sustained use of a tool for lifestyle intervention implemented in primary health care: a 2-year follow-up.

RATIONAL, AIMS AND OBJECTIVES Sustainability of new methods implemented in health care is one of the most central issues in addressing the gap between research and practice, but is seldom assessed in implementation studies. The aim of this study was to evaluate the implementation of a new tool for lifestyle intervention in primary health care (PHC) 2 years after the introduction, and assess if the implementation strategy used influenced sustainability. METHOD A computer-based lifestyle intervention tool (CLT) was introduced at six PHC units in Sweden in 2008, using two implementation strategies: explicit and implicit. The main difference between the strategies was a 4-week test period followed by a decision session, included in the explicit strategy. Evaluations were performed after 6, 9 and 24 months. After 24 months, the RE-AIM framework was applied to assess and compare outcome according to strategy. RESULTS A more positive outcome regarding reach, effectiveness, adoption and implementation in the explicit group could be almost completely attributed to one of the units. Maintenance was low and after 24 months, differences according to strategy were negligible. CONCLUSION After 24 months, the most positive outcomes regarding all RE-AIM dimensions were found in one of the units where the explicit strategy was used. The explicit strategy per se had some effect on the dimension effectiveness, but was not associated with sustainability overall. Staff at the most successful unit earlier had positive expectations regarding the CLT and found it compatible with existing routines.
Temel Eğitimden Ortaöğretime Geçiş Modelinin 8. Sınıf Öğrenci Görüşlerine Göre Değerlendirilmesi (Ordu İli Örneği)

Bu arastirmada 2013-2014 egitim ogretim yilinda ilk kez uygulanan temel egitimden orta ogretime gecis sisteminin, bu sinava girecek olan 8. sinif ogrenci goruslerine gore degerlendirilmesi amaclanmistir. Guncellenen sinav sistemiyle orta ogretime gecis olanagi bulacak olan 8. sinif ogrencilerinin sinav sistemine yonelik goruslerinin ortaya konulmasi; sistemin, kitle uzerinde yarattigi etkiyi ortaya koymasi bakimindan onem arz etmektedir. Belirtilen bu amac ve onem dogrultusunda arastirmanin calisma grubunu, Ordu ili merkezinde bulunan ortaokullarin 8. siniflarinda egitim-ogretime devam eden ogrencilerden olusmaktadir. Arastirmada nitel arastirma yontemlerinden durum calismasi yontemi kullanilmis ve kolay ulasilabilirlik (convenient sampling) ornekleme yontemi ile acik-uclu soru formu uygulamasi yapilmistir. Nitel verilerin analizinde ise kuramsal anlamda belirgin olmayan temalar ve eger varsa alt temalarin olusturulmasi ile yapilan icerik analizi yontemi kullanilmistir. Arastirma sonucunda; katilimcilarin cogunlugunun Temel egitimden orta ogretime gecis sistemini (%76.2) ve ortak sinavlarin uygulanmasini (%80.0) olumlu buldugu gorulmustur. Ancak yenilenen gecis sisteminin ve uygulanan ortak sinavlarin bazi asamalarinda sorunlarla karsilastiklarini belirtmislerdir. Bu karsilastiklari sorunlarin cozumune iliskin onerileri de gorusleriyle ortaya koymuslar. Ogrenci gorusleriyle ortaya konulan sorunlar ve cozum onerilerine iliskin egitim politikasi gelistirenlerin duyarlilik gostermesinin sistemin gelismesine katki saglayacagi dusunulmektedir.
Estimating areas contributing recharge to wells, lessons from previous studies

FIGURES 1. Cross section and map showing area contributing recharge to a single discharging well in a simplified hypothetical groundwater system. 3. Maps and diagram showing long-term (steady-state) model-calculated contributing recharge areas for wells 11 and 26 near Rochester, Minnesota, which are screened in the St. Peter-4. Map showing long-term (steady-state) model-calculated contributing recharge areas for and groundwater travel times to the Independence, Missouri, well field. 5. Cross section showing degrees of separation between the water table and the well screen of a cased well or the open hole of an uncased well. 6. Cross section showing hypothetical model-calculated groundwater flowpaths at equilibrium from the water table to a nearby stream and to a discharging well screened at the bottom of the aquifer . 7. Maps showing simulated effects of increasing horizontal hydraulic conductivity of moraine sediments on the water-table configuration and groundwater flowpaths near the Landfill-1
Extended Producer Responsibility

“The research in this issue . provides insights into how and why EPR has evolved into its current form and how it might evolve further to achieve the goals its proponents have espoused. ” to achieve public goals, internalizing the costs of waste management into product prices, and shifting the financial burden of waste management from municipalities and taxpayers to firms and consumers. Implicitly it also held the promise of increased funding for recycling infrastructure and a policy mechanism that could be selfadjusting. EPR, like so many terms and concepts in environmental policy, has multiple definitions. The most commonly used emphasizes the shift in responsibility for end-of-life management of products and materials to producers. The definition provided by the Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD 2001) in its work on EPR in the early 2000s is widely used:
A non-differential elastomer curvature sensor for softer-than-skin electronics

We extend soft lithography microfabrication and design methods to introduce curvature sensors that are elastically soft (modulus 0.1–1 MPa) and stretchable (100–1000% strain). In contrast to existing curvature sensors that measure differential strain, sensors in this new class measure curvature directly and allow for arbitrary gauge factor and film thickness. Moreover, each sensor is composed entirely of a soft elastomer (PDMS (polydimethylsiloxane) or Ecoflex®) and conductive liquid (eutectic gallium indium, eGaIn) and thus remains functional even when stretched to several times its natural length. The electrical resistance in the embedded eGaIn microchannel is measured as a function of the bending curvature for a variety of sensor designs. In all cases, the experimental measurements are in reasonable agreement with closed-form algebraic approximations derived from elastic plate theory and Ohm’s law.
Crystallinity of foraminifera shells: A proxy to reconstruct past bottom water CO3= changes?

The reconstruction of past changes in bottom water CO3= is central to evaluating competing oceanic scenarios that deal with long‐term variations in atmospheric pCO2. In search of a quantitative bottom water CO3= proxy, we analyzed the variations of calcite crystallinity of planktonic foraminifera Globigerinoides ruber shells picked from core top samples along three depth transects: Ontong Java Plateau and the northeast margin of Irian Jaya, in the western equatorial Pacific, and the Sierra Leone Rise, in the eastern tropical Atlantic. The strong empirical relationship between calcite crystallinity (inferred from the full width at half maximum (FWHM) of calcite (104) X‐ray diffraction peak) and bottom water saturation relative to calcite (ΔCO3) shows that foraminifera calcite crystallinity could be a promising proxy for the reconstruction of upper Pleistocene bottom water carbonate ion concentration.
Static and dynamic analysis of a landslide

Slope failure is a recurrent phenomenon in hilly regions. It is hazardous because of the accompanying rapid mass movement of soil and rock mass. To alleviate the damage caused by landslide, slope-stability analyses and stabilization techniques require in-depth understanding and appraisal of the process that govern the failure behaviour of slopes. Once the instability behaviour is understood, remedial measures such as retaining walls, rock bolts, anchoring, etc., can be recommended to stabilize the slope. This article deals with a comparative study used for the analysis of the stability of slopes of Amiyan area, near Kathgodam, Nainital, Uttarakhand assuming that the rock mass follow the Mohr–Coulomb failure criterion under static and dynamic loading conditions. The area constantly experiences local as well as regional slides along the river bank. A field study was carried out in the landslide area to collect the representative samples to determine the various physio-mechanical properties of rock as well as debris samples. These properties have been used as input parameters after converting it into the rockmass properties using a joint weakening coefficient for the numerical simulation. The computed deformations and the stress distributions, along the failure surface, have been compared with the field measurements/observation and found to be in good agreement. The global factor of safety (FOS) calculated by finite difference, finite element and dynamic analysis was found to be 1.57, 1.144 and 0.84, respectively. This indicates that the slope is critically stable in case of any small local/global disturbance which may further reduce the FOS and cause failure.
Journal Pre-proof Two-dimensional titanium carbide (Ti3C2Tx) MXene produced by ternary cations intercalation via structural control with angstrom-level precision

Highly effective decontamination of lead is a primary challenge for ecosystem protection and public health. Herein, we report a methodology of ternary cations intercalation to synthesize Ti 3 C 2 T x MXene by structural control with angstrom-level precision through mixed fluorinated salts wet etching-alkalization approach for high-efficient lead adsorption. The successive introduction of lithium, potassium and sodium ions continuously weaken interaction forces between Ti 3 C 2 T x layers, resulting in achieving fine tailored interlayer distance from 9.8 to 15.9 Å. A high density of complexing groups are formed after ternary cations intercalation, which greatly improve the hydrophilicity of Ti 3 C 2 T x to enhance the accessibility and shorten the mass transfer and provide abundant adsorption sites to exhibit strong complexing effects with lead ions. The prepared ternary cations intercalated Ti 3 C 2 T x nanosheets exhibited a high adsorption capacity (267.2 mg/g) toward lead ions and sharply cut down lead concentration from 10 to 0.009 mg/L, far below the drinking water standards (0.015 mg/L).
Population Dynamics and Survival of Rhizoctonia solaniAG-1 in Field Soil Under Rice-Wheat Rotation

A field under rice-wheat rotation was selected near Chengdu, China, to study the population of Rhizoctonia solani anastomosis group 1 (AG-l), pathogen causing rice sheath blight disease, in natural soil ecosystem. Inocula of the fungus recovered from the field were divided into three types, i.e., sclerotia, free mycelium retained in the soil passed through a 0.355mm sieve, and colonized plant debris which was subdivided into small colonized debris retained between 2.00 and 0.355mm sieves and large colonized debris retained on 2.00mm sieve after wet screening. Quantitative estimation of the three types of inocula in one year indicated that small colonized debris was the dominant inoculum type for most of the time. The population peaked in March and September at 1 210and 480 colonized debris 100 g-1 air-dry soil respectively, and fell down in December and August to 0 and 177 colonized debris 100 g-1 air-dry soil respectively. Free mycelium was only detectable in March, September and October with 1 209, 7.9 and 14.5 μg fresh wt myceliumg-1 air-dry soil respectively, which corresponded to the two peaks and the second highest level of small debris density in the year. Viable sclerotia and large colonized debris were rare with populations ranging from 0 to 3 for sclerotia and 0 to 14 for large colonized debris 100 g-1 air-dry soil, but were the main structures to survive over winter. It was expected that soil temperature was the main factor determining population dynamics of R.solani AG-1 in natural soil. Optimum temperature for population increasing is predicted to be around 15℃, with a range from 10 to 25℃. Viability tests indicated that 60.9% sclerotia could survive after 265 d being buried in natural sandy loam in field conditions in Beijing, while colonized rice straw debris (0.5 - 1.0 cm long) could not yield the fungus on medium plates after 88d of being buried under the same conditions.
Counterfactual Graphical Models for Longitudinal Mediation Analysis with Unobserved Confounding – Supplementary Material

Here we give a complete theory underlying our reported results. We proceed as follows. We ﬁrst describe some background terminology on graphs, potential outcomes, and causal inference. We then give a formal deﬁnition of path-speciﬁc eﬀects for multiple treatments, and multiple outcomes in causal diagrams where some nodes are possibly unobserved. This is one of the most general settings for mediation problems. In particular, it subsumes longitudinal mediation settings with unobserved confounding. We do not, however, handle issues that arise due to selection bias, measurement error, and model misspeciﬁcation bias. These diﬃculties are very general in causal inference and statistics itself, and handling them in mediation settings is a topic of future work. We then give a formula which expresses a path-speciﬁc eﬀect in terms of interventional densities if the recanting district does not exist for the eﬀect, in accordance with Theorem 3. We then prove that if such
Successful use of dupilumab to treat eczema in a child with X-linked agammaglobulinemia

these changes are poorly established. We would like to contribute further support to the low rate of biphasic anaphylaxis, by sub-mitting our center ’ s experience with a high-risk peanut allergy cohort undergoing entry oral food challenge. Our research obser-vations are limited by the exclusion of patients at entry who have previously experienced an episode of severe anaphylaxis and by the infrequent occurrence of biphasic anaphylaxis during DBPCFC which may each reduce generalizability. However, our work importantly highlights that elevations in biomarkers for allergic sensitization to peanut are not independently predictive of food-triggered biphasic anaphylaxis. Although the setting of controlled clinical research as we have suggested may be ideal to precisely convey symptom chronology and timing of epinephrine administration, we acknowledge that anaphylaxis outside of a medically supervised setting is not as likely to be recognized nor treated with such rapidity. Yet, we are still hopeful that our work may both inform future research regarding biphasic anaphylaxis and encourage providers to make use of a more targeted approach to anaphylaxis counseling. Similar to previously recom-mended adaptations to anaphylaxis post-reaction care published at the onset of the pandemic, 2,3 we encourage providers to con-sider selective deferral of health care utilization for patients experiencing food-triggered anaphylaxis who lack biphasic anaphylaxis risk factors and barriers to home observation, even among children with biomarkers re ﬂ ective of high degrees of peanut sensitization. Additional investigation of DBPCFC research cohorts may be useful in providing further post-reaction follow-up data and both mechanistic and clinical insight from which more robustly de ﬁ ned risk factors for biphasic anaphylaxis can be derived. As providers in allergy, we are uniquely positioned to lead the charge on providing more targeted guidance on routine care after the diagnosis of anaphylaxis and may even be positioned to reduce reliance on EDs.
Effects of periodontal non-surgical therapy plus azithromycin on glycemic control in patients with diabetes: a randomized clinical trial.

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE Periodontitis may alter the systemic condition in patients with diabetes and hence interfere with glycemic control. The objective of this study was to determine the quantifiable changes in glycated hemoglobin (HbA1C) after periodontal non-surgical therapy plus azithromycin in a mixed population of patients with poorly controlled diabetes. MATERIALS AND METHODS One hundred and five patients were randomized to receive non-surgical therapy plus azythromycin (AZ-Sca =33), non-surgical therapy plus placebo (PB-Sca = 37) and supragingival prophylaxis plus azithromycin (AZ-Pro = 35). Glycated hemoglobin, glycemia and periodontal parameters were measured at baseline, 3, 6 and 9 mo after treatment. RESULTS Periodontal parameters were improved in the AZ-Sca and PB-Sca groups as compared to the AZ-Pro group. A greater reduction in probing depth was observed in the AZ-Sca as compared to the PB-Sca group. Improvement in clinical attachment level was similar between AZ-Sca and PB-Sca groups. A reduction from 8.0% to 7.2% (∆0.8%; p < 0.05) in HbA1C was observed in the AZ-Sca at 9 mo as compared to the PB-Sca group in which the reduction was from 7.9% to 7.6% (∆0.3%). There was no decrease in HbA1C in the AZ-Pro group over time. Mean glycemia values decreased from 195 mg/dL to 159.2 mg/dL (∆35.8 mg/dL; p < 0.05) in the AZ-Sca group whereas a decrease from 194 mg/dL to 174.8 mg/dL (∆19.2 mg/dL) in the PB-Sca group at 9 mo was observed. There were no differences between the AZ-Sca and PB-Sca groups for glycemic parameters. No improvement in glycemic values in the AZ-Pro group was observed. CONCLUSIONS A modest improvement in glycemic control was detected with a trend towards the use of non-surgical therapy plus AZ as compared to the placebo.
Possible solar influences on the dust profile of the GISP2 Ice Core from central Greenland

The Greenland Ice Sheet Project 2 (GISP2) ice core dust profile in glacial (Wisconsinan) ice from Central Greenland has been measured using Laser‐Light Scattering (LLS) from ice. This data exhibits considerable high frequency variability. By applying appropriate running averages to the data, certain regularities emerge. Thus, for example, when the data was smoothed with rectangular 4 and 5 year running averages, ∼11 year dust modulations of considerable amplitude were revealed. In this paper, we show how further smoothing of the data causes very large, longer period dust modulations centered at ∼91 years in a Gaussian distribution to emerge. We believe that this corresponds to the 80–90 year modulation of the 11 year sunspot cycle first suggested by Gleissberg. We also show how adjacent 11 year dust periods can combine in a unique way to generate a 22 year (Hale) period of dust modulation. The way this occurs is similar to that by which a 22 year modulation of the measured terrestrial neutron flux is generated from two 11 year periods. Taken together with our observation of a ∼200 year (Suess) dust modulation period, these observations strengthen our claim that the dust modulations we measured in GISP2 ice are solar induced and suggest a mechanism for their production.