Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Spatiotemporal Analysis of XCO2 and Its Relationship to Urban and Green Areas of China’s Major Southern Cities from Remote Sensing and WRF-Chem Modeling Data from 2010 to 2019

Monitoring CO2 concentrations is believed to be an effective measure for assisting in the control of greenhouse gas emissions. Satellite measurements compensate for the sparse and uneven spatial distribution of ground observation stations, allowing for the collection of a wide range of CO2 concentration data. However, satellite monitoring’s spatial coverage remains limited. This study fills the knowledge gaps of column-averaged dry-air mole fraction of CO2 (XCO2) products retrieved from the Greenhouse Gases Observing Satellite (GOSAT) and Orbiting Carbon Observatory Satellite (OCO-2) based on the normalized output of atmospheric chemical models, WRF-Chem, in Southern China during 2010–2019. Hefei (HF)/Total Carbon Column Observing Network (TCCON), Lulin (LLN)/World Data Centre for Greenhouse Gases (WDCGG) station observations were used to validate the results of void filling with an acceptable accuracy for spatiotemporal analysis (R = 0.96, R2 = 0.92, RMSE = 2.44 ppm). Compared to the IDW (inverse distance weighting) and Kriging (ordinary Kriging) interpolation methods, this method has a higher validation accuracy. In addition, spatiotemporal distributions of CO2, as well as the sensitivity of CO2 concentration to the urban built-up areas and urban green space areas in China’s major southern cities during 2010–2019, are discussed. The approximate annual average concentrations have gradually increased from 388.56 to 414.72 ppm, with an annual growth rate of 6.73%, and the seasonal cycle presents a maximum in spring and a minimum in summer or autumn from 2010 to 2019. CO2 concentrations have a strong positive correlation with the impervious area to city area ratio, while anomaly values of the impervious area to urban green area ratio occurred in individual cities. The experimental findings demonstrate the viability of the study hypothesis that combines remote sensing data with the WRF-Chem model to produce a local area dataset with high spatial resolution and an extracted urban unit from statistical data.
Tangential‐projection algorithm for manifold representation in unidentifiable model updating problems

The problem of updating a structural model and its associated uncertainties by utilizing structural response data is addressed. In an identifiable case, the posterior probability density function (PDF) of the uncertain model parameters for given measured data can be approximated by a weighted sum of Gaussian distributions centered at a number of discrete optimal values of the parameters at which some positive measure‐of‐fit function is minimized. The present paper focuses on the problem of model updating in the general unidentifiable case for which certain simplifying assumptions available for identifiable cases are not valid. In this case, the PDF is distributed in the neighbourhood of an extended and usually highly complex manifold of the parameter space that cannot be calculated explicitly. The computational difficulties associated with calculating the highly complex posterior PDF are discussed and a new adaptive algorithm, referred to as the tangential‐projection (TP) algorithm, allowing for an efficient approximate representation of the above manifold and the posterior PDF is presented. Using this approximation, expressions for calculating the uncertain predictive response are established. A numerical example involving noisy data is presented to demonstrate the proposed method. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Improvement of Diet after an Early Nutritional Intervention in Pediatric Oncology

Pediatric cancer survivors may experience cardiometabolic sequelae over the course of their lives as a result of the treatments they have received. While nutrition consists of an actionable target for cardiometabolic health, few nutritional interventions have been documented in this population. This study assessed the changes in diet during a one-year nutritional intervention for children and adolescents undergoing cancer treatments and the participants’ anthropometric and cardiometabolic profiles. A total of 36 children and adolescents (mean age: 7.9 years, 52.8% male) newly diagnosed with cancer (50% leukemia) and their parents underwent a one-year individualized nutrition intervention. The mean number of follow-up visits with the dietitian during the intervention was 4.72 ± 1.06. Between the initial and one-year assessments, there was an improvement in diet quality reflected by the Diet Quality Index (5.22 ± 9.95, p = 0.003). Similarly, the proportion of participants with moderate and good adherence (vs. low adherence) to the Healthy Diet Index score almost tripled after one year of intervention (14% vs. 39%, p = 0.012). In parallel, there was an increase in the mean z-scores for weight (0.29 ± 0.70, p = 0.019) and BMI (0.50 ± 0.88, p = 0.002), and in the mean levels of HDL-C (0.27 ± 0.37 mmol/L, p = 0.002) and 25-hydroxy vitamin D (14.5 ± 28.1 mmol/L, p = 0.03). Overall, this study supports that a one-year nutritional intervention deployed early after a pediatric cancer diagnosis is associated with an improvement in the diets of children and adolescents.
Sustainability of the Metaverse: A Transition to Industry 5.0

This study analyzes the sustainability of the metaverse technology by adopting a responsible digitalization perspective to drive the transition to Industry 5.0. This is motivated by the current experiences of digital transformation paths, which appear careless regarding the side effects induced when adopting digital technologies—for example, the energy consumption associated with blockchain, the jobs lost due to 3D printing, and the continuous payments required by artificial intelligence systems. While very few sustainable solutions are currently available to properly address these issues, similar effects might materialize when adopting metaverse technology. Therefore, this study provides tools to undertake a responsible digital transformation path through the metaverse to properly manage the transition to Industry 5.0. Specifically, it offers a set of frameworks to analyze the metaverse either from the perspective of the triple bottom line or by adopting an environmental, social, and governance (ESG) perspective and linking it to the most impacted business strategies or by connecting the technology to the sustainable development goals (SDGs). These tools enable readers to understand how society at large can responsibly implement, adopt, and manage a metaverse. By utilizing these frameworks, businesses can identify the most impacted strategies and take action to address any potential negative impacts.
Speech Denoising and Compensation for Hearing Aids Using an FTCRN-Based Metric GAN

Hearing aids aims to improve speech intelligibility for hearing impaired patients to levels comparable to those for normal hearing listeners. However, the interference of environmental noises greatly increase the difficulty of hearing loss compensation. Most related research only focuses on one aspect of noise reduction and hearing loss compensation. In this letter, we propose a metric generative adversarial framework based on a frequency-time convolution recurrent network for joint noise reduction and hearing loss compensation. The audiogram is extended along the frequency axis to form embedded features. A metric discriminator is introduced and the optimization of the generator is guided by an evaluation score related to hearing loss compensation. Additional perceptual-based losses are set to stabilize optimization. Experimental results show that the proposed method can better reduce noise and compensate for hearing loss compared with other algorithms.
Chaotic synchronisation in a four-coupled phase-locked loop system

The paper describes chaotic synchronisation, observed both experimentally and numerically, in a four-coupled phase-locked loop (PLL) system. The system consists of four PLLs and four couplers, constructed with four operational amplifiers. Each subsystem shows chaos and is described by a set of differential equations with seven degrees of freedom. When the synchronisation behaviour among these subsystems is observed, it is found that a subsystem easily synchronises with a subsystem positioned diagonally opposite, but hardly does so with adjacent subsystems. The on-off intermittency is observed for the difference between a couple of diagonally positioned subsystems. The chaotic transition of synchronised states in two diagonal pairs is investigated. From calculation of the local transverse Lyapunov exponent, it is considered that two hyperplanes exist in the phase space, and the phase point itinerates via the two planes.
On the climatic influence of CO2 forcing in the Pliocene

Abstract. Understanding the dominant climate forcings in the Pliocene is crucial to assessing the usefulness of the Pliocene as an analogue for our warmer future. Here, we implement a novel yet simple linear factorisation method to assess the relative influence of CO2 forcing in seven models of the Pliocene Model Intercomparison Project Phase 2 (PlioMIP2) ensemble. Outputs are termed “FCO2” and show the fraction of Pliocene climate change driven by CO2. The accuracy of the FCO2 method is first assessed through comparison to an energy balance analysis previously used to assess drivers of surface air temperature in the PlioMIP1 ensemble. After this assessment, the FCO2 method is applied to achieve an understanding of the drivers of Pliocene sea surface temperature and precipitation for the first time. CO2 is found to be the most important forcing in the ensemble for Pliocene surface air temperature (global mean FCO2=0.56), sea surface temperature (global mean FCO2=0.56), and precipitation (global mean FCO2=0.51). The range between individual models is found to be consistent between these three climate variables, and the models generally show good agreement on the sign of the most important forcing. Our results provide the most spatially complete view of the drivers of Pliocene climate to date and have implications for both data–model comparison and the use of the Pliocene as an analogue for the future. That CO2 is found to be the most important forcing reinforces the Pliocene as a good palaeoclimate analogue, but the significant effect of non-CO2 forcing at a regional scale (e.g. orography and ice sheet forcing at high latitudes) reminds us that it is not perfect, and these additional influencing factors must not be overlooked. This comparison is further complicated when considering the Pliocene as a state in quasi-equilibrium with CO2 forcing compared to the transient warming being experienced at present.
Electrochemical measurements of mass transfer between a sphere and liquid in motion at high Péclet numbers

Experimental studies of the effect of a transverse velocity gradient on the mass transfer between a fixed solid spherical particle and liquid and of the mass-transfer intensity between solid sphere and liquid in a uniform flow have been carried out. Both types of flow were formed between two rotating circular cylinders parallel to each other and separated by a distance of 10mm. The following experimental procedures were applied : a method of stroboscopic visualization to measure velocity profiles, and an electrochemical method to measure the mass-transfer intensity between sphere and liquid. Results were obtained for a wide range of the relevant dimensionless parameters, viz the Reynolds and PBclet numbers specified for each case appropriately. In the case of simple shear flow these ranges are: 0.03 < Re* < 1, 150 < Pe* < 13000, and for the mass-transfer intensity 5 < Nu < 24. It is shown that the experimental data agree fairly well with the approximation formula $Nu = 1.134 Pe^{*\frac{1}{3}}$ obtained theoretically by Batchelor (1979) for an ambient pure straining motion with the assumptions that Re* [Lt ] 1 and Pe* [Gt ] 1. In the case of a uniform flow the ranges of the dimensionless parameters are 0.4 < Re < 20, 3000 < Pe < 40000; and 13 < Nu < 35. The experimental data are here in good agreement with theoretical dependences of the type Nu ∝ Pe1/3 obtained by Aksel'rud (1953) and Acrivos & Taylor (1962).
Embodying Consciousness through Interoception and a Balanced Time Perspective

This review presents current research and scientific knowledge in body mind sciences through the lens of interoception, as a representative of the body; and time perspective, as the representative of the mind. This intertwining dichotomy has been a subject of discourse in many fields, all having the common denominator of consciousness. Our aim is to expand on the congruities of these seemingly deconstructed worlds-of science and philosophy, of the body and the mind, to show that the place of consciousness lies in the zone between these two. Being aware of the body in the present moment. We introduce interoception and time perspective, focusing on how interoceptive signals are depicted in autonomic nervous system (ANS) regulation, and how this relates to the concept of a balanced time perspective (BTP), a highly adaptive psychological characteristic. Time perspective and interoception are also reviewed in the case of clinical conditions. We assess findings on interoceptive pathways in the body, finding convergence with balanced time perspective through the neuroanatomical lens. We conclude with findings that both dysregulated interoceptive states and a time perspective disbalance are recognized as defining features of mental disorders, proposing prospective practical therapeutic approaches, as well as implications for further research in the field.
Analgesic efficacy of local anesthesia during thyroid fine-needle aspiration biopsy: A PRISMA-compliant systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials

ABSTRACT Aim The objective of this study is to evaluate the analgesic efficacy of local anesthetic (LA) agents on pain severity among patients undergoing thyroid fine needle aspiration biopsy (FNAB). Design A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials (RCTs). Methods Digital databases, including PubMed, Scopus, Cochrane, Web of Science, and Google Scholar, were systematically screened from inception till December 2022. The Cochrane risk of bias tool (ROB 2) was used to evaluate the quality of each RCT. The primary outcome (pain severity) was gathered as a mean difference (MD) with a 95% confidence interval (Cl), under the random-effect model. Results Overall, 444 patients were enrolled in five RCTs. Regarding pain severity via the visual analogue scale (VAS) assessment tool, the overall effect size showed no substantial difference between LA and control groups (n = 4 RCTs,MD = −8.45, 95% CI [−27.41, 10.52], p = 0.38). Regarding pain severity via the numerical rating scale (NRS) assessment tool, the overall effect size showed no substantial difference between LA and control groups (n = 3 RCTs,MD = −0.85, 95% CI [−3.14, 1.45], p = 0.47). Conclusion We have found that the pain levels between the LA and control-receiving groups were comparable. Hence, we concluded that LA before FNAB provides no benefit, especially for one needle puncture and sampling.
On the Distribution of the Roots of Certain Symmetric Matrices

The present article is concerned with the distribution of the latent roots (characteristic values) of certain sets of real symmetric matrices of very high dimensionality. Its purpose is to point out that the distribution law obtained before' for a very special set of matrices is valid for much more general sets. The dimension of the matrices will be denoted by N, the matrix elements by via. These are real. The condition of symmetry is
A systematic review and meta-analysis comparing everolimus and calcineurin inhibitors (CNIs) to mycophenolate and CNIs in kidney transplant patients

Background This study compared everolimus and mycophenolate mofetil, each paired with calcineurin inhibitors (CNIs) and used with or without steroids, for maintaining immunosuppression in kidney transplant (KT) patients. Methods Relevant studies published before August 21, 2022 were retrieved from PubMed, the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, and the gray literature. The risk of bias was assessed independently using the revised Cochrane risk of bias assessment tool (RoB 2). RevMan ver. 5.4 was used to calculate the risk ratios (RRs) with corresponding 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for biopsy-proven acute rejection, death, and infection. The mean difference (MD) was used to compare the estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) between the groups. Results Sixteen randomized controlled trials with a total of 5,403 patients were synthesized to compare everolimus (n=2,763) with mycophenolate (n=2,542) for maintaining post-KT immunosuppression. The meta-analysis showed no significant difference in the risk for biopsy-proven acute rejection (RR=1.12; 95% CI, 0.92–1.35; I2=29%) and death (RR=0.85; 95% CI, 0.63–1.16; I2=0%). The eGFR had no significant difference between the two groups (MD=0.93; 95% CI, −2.25 to 4.1; I2=84%). The risk for any infection was significantly higher in the mycophenolate group than in the everolimus group (RR=0.83; 95% CI, 0.73−0.93; I2=66%). Conclusions Our meta-analysis showed that when paired with a CNI, everolimus and mycophenolate had no difference in risk for biopsy-proven acute rejection, death, or increase in eGFR. However, the mycophenolate group exhibited a significantly higher risk of infection.
The existence of (,1)4-manifolds which are rational homology 4-spheres

We construct rational homology 4-sphere manifolds with contractible universal cover. The following question was asked by Thurston in Kirby's problem list [1, Problem 4.17]. PROBLEM. Can a homology or even a rational homology 4-sphere manifold ever be a K(7r, 1)? We will construct in this note a class of rational homology 4-spheres which are K(7r, 1)'s. Unfortunately none of them are homology 4-spheres. The construction is based on the following well-known fact about K(ir, 1). PROPOSITION. Suppose (Vi, Ui), i = 1, 2, are connected space pairs such that Vi, Ui, are K(7r, 1) 's and i*: iri(Ui) -f 'ri(Vi), i = 1,2, the homomorphisms induced by the inclusion maps, are injective, and furthermore suppose there is a homeomorphism h: U1 -U2. Then the gluing space X = V1 Uk V2 is still a K(ir, 1). PROOF. See any book on homotopy theory. DEFINITION. A connected space pair (A, B) is called a good K(7r, 1) pair if A, B are K(7r, 1)'s and i*: 7r, (B) 7r, (A) is injective. In ? 1, we will construct two compact orientable 4-manifolds, W1 and W2, with the same connected boundary &W1 = M2 = T2 x S1, where T2 is the orientable surface of genus two, such that (W1, MW1) and (W2, OW2) are good K(7r, 1) pairs. And furthermore, W1, W2 subject to the following conditions (all homologies in this note are with rational coefficients except indicated otherwise): (i) X(Wl) = 0, X(W2) = 2, and, (ii) b1(W1) = 3, b1(W2) = 2, (iii) i1*: H1(iWl) -+ H1(W1),i2-: H1(aW2) -* H1(W2) are surjective and ker(ii*) nker(i2*q*) = 0, for an appropriate homeomorphism 0: &W1 -+ OW2. Gluing W1, W2 along the boundary via q, the resulting 4-manifold W = W1 UO W2 is then a rational homology 4-sphere. To see this, W is a K(ir, 1) because of the proposition, and X(W) = X(Wl) + X(W2) x(9W,) =0 +2 -0 = 2. Received by the editors November 13, 1988. 1980 Mathematics Subject Classification (1985 Revision). Primary 57M99, 57R19. The author was supported by a research assistantship from NSF Grant DMS 86-3126. @1988 American Mathematical Society 0002-9939/88 $1.00 + $. 25 per page
Material and Waste Flow Analysis for Environmental and Economic Impact Assessment of Inorganic Acid Leaching Routes for Spent Lithium Batteries’ Cathode Scraps

With the development trend and technological progress of lithium batteries, the battery market is booming. This means that the demand for lithium batteries has increased significantly, resulting in a large number of discarded lithium batteries. The consumption of plenty of lithium batteries may lead to the scarcity and expending of relevant raw material metal resources, as well as serious heavy metal environmental pollution. Therefore, it is of great significance to recycle valuable metal resources from discarded lithium batteries. The proper recycling of these valuable metals can reduce the shortage of mineral resources and environmental hazards caused by a large number of scrapped vehicle batteries. Recently, different systematic approaches have been developed for spent lithium battery recovery. However, most of these approaches do not account for the hidden costs incurred from various processing steps. This work is determined by the concept of material flow cost accounting (MFCA). Hence, in this research, a MFCA-based approach is developed for the leaching process of spent lithium batteries recovery, taking into consideration the hidden costs embedded in process streams. In this study, hydrochloric acid had the worst leaching efficiency due to its high solid-to-liquid ratio and the lowest acid concentration, so it was excluded in the first stage selection. It takes TWD 16.03 and TWD 24.10 to leach 10 g of lithium battery powder with sulfuric acid and nitric acid, respectively. The final sulfuric acid was the acid solution with the highest leaching efficiency and relatively low cost among inorganic acids.
Repetition-frequency tuning of monolithic passively mode-locked semiconductor lasers with integrated extended cavities

Repetition-frequency tuning characteristics of passively mode-locked laser diodes (LDs) were investigated in detail. Anomalous tuning characteristics were observed when the bias conditions of the LDs were changed. Theoretical analysis using conventional self-consistent mode-locking theory showed that the anomaly originated from the change of the detuning from the cavity's round-trip frequency due to gain/absorption saturation effects in the passively mode-locked lasers. A wide tuning range of 280 MHz (1.6% of the repetition frequency) was obtained by changing the bias conditions of the extended cavity.
Nuclear and damage effects in Si produced by irradiations with medium energy protons

Calculations have been performed to obtain the types of ions and their recoil energies that result from the irradiation of Si with intermediate energy (70-600-MeV) protons. A version of the High Energy Transport Code (HETC) was employed for this purpose. A first dosimetry measurement confirms the production of Na and Be as a result of the irradiation. The binary collision approximation, as used in the MARLOWE code, is then used to estimate the density of defect clusters in the resulting damaged structure. >
A Block Jacobi Sweeping Preconditioner for the Helmholtz Equation

In recent research, the parallel performances of sweeping-type algorithms for high-frequency time-harmonic wave problems have been improved by departing from standard layer-type domain decomposition and introducing a new sweeping strategy on a checkerboard-type domain decomposition, where sweeps can be performed more flexibly. These sweeps can be done by a certain number of steps, each of which provides the necessary information from subdomains solved at the current iteration to their next neighboring subdomains. Although, subproblems in these subdomains can be solved concurrently at each step, the sequential nature of the process of the sweeping approaches still exists, which limits their potential for parallelization. We propose a block Jacobi sweeping preconditioner, which is an improved variant of sweeping-type preconditioners. The new feature of these improved variants can be interpreted as several partial sweeps, which can be thought of as sweeps that operate on a subset of the subdomains in parallel. We present several two-dimensional finite element results to study and compare the sweeping preconditioner and the block Jacobi sweeping preconditioner.