Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Stop voicing in two settler communities on the Canadian Prairies

This study investigates stop voicing in two rural Canadian communities representing differing ethnoreligions: Manitobans of Ukrainian descent from the I NTERLAKE region and of Low German-speaking Mennonite descent from the S OUTHERN region. Results show stop voicing differences between the two communities and a degree of prevoicing not normally found in North America English, typically described as contrasting short-lag and long-lag VOT [1]. Furthermore, Interlake speakers show more word-final voicing of their voiceless stops, and Southern speakers do not devoice, suggesting that German substrate effects seen in analogous communities in the US [2,3,4] do not continue across the border into Canada. Overall, Canadian Prairies speakers show a different stop voicing pattern than currently described in North American varieties. This is explained in part by the block settlement patterns of the region, where European immigrants of differing descent were settled into ethnically-determined villages during the main period of settlement, 1890-1940.
ACOUSTIC MEASURES OF NON-NATIVE ADDRESSEE REGISTER FOR MID TO HIGH PROFICIENT ENGLISH LEARNERS OF GERMAN

Up to now, most studies investigating speech adaption towards non-native addressees focused on L2 speakers with a low proficiency of English. Here, we examine task-based conversations when speaking to mid to high proficient L2 speakers of German. We compare articulation rate, vowel duration, and vowel space area of 20 German L1 speakers when conversing with L1 German speakers and with L2 German speakers of L1 English. As expected, we find no effect of addressee on vowel duration, while articulation rate is slower for non-native addressees, regardless of proficiency, compared to native addressees. However, vowel space area does not change for different addressees, contrary to enlargement reported for English non-native addressee register. The re-sults will be discussed with respect to L2 proficiency and phonetic convergence.
PERCEPTUAL ASSIMILATION OF SPANISH, THAI, AND KOREAN STOP CONSONANTS BY NATIVE ENGLISH SPEAKERS

Models of second language (L2) sound learning argue that learners’ initial perceptual assimilation patterns are important because they shape perceptual learning pathways and outcomes. To contribute to this line of literature, we examined native English listeners’ perceptual assimilation of Spanish, Thai, and Korean stop consonants, asking participants to map stops from all three languages onto English stop categories and rate their goodness-of-fit using a 5-point scale. Results showed that several categories were unequivocally assimilated to a single English category (e.g., Korean Aspirated and Lenis stops to English voiceless stops). In contrast, the Spanish Voiceless category, Thai Plain category, and Korean Fortis category were mapped onto both English voiced and voiceless stops. Yet, this group trend masks substantial individual variation in the assimilation of these ambiguous categories. Some participants showed split categorization, aligning with the group, whereas others showed a strong preference for one of the English categories.
USING COMPUTATIONAL MODELS TO CHARACTERIZE THE ROLE OF MOTOR NOISE IN SPEECH: THE CASE OF AMYOTROPHIC LATERAL SCLEROSIS

Although the speech impairments in neurogenic speech disorders have been characterized using various approaches (kinematic, acoustic, auditory-perceptual), the underlying mechanisms that contribute to the observed symptoms remain poorly understood. A more direct assay of speech motor control is needed to test hypotheses about the underlying cause of the observed changes in speech patterns. Computational models of speech production provide one possibility, as they allow direct manipulation of control parameters. Here, we present a proof-of-concept of how the Task Dynamic model of speech production can be used to test potential control impairments using an analysis-by-synthesis approach. Specifically, we test how changes in motor noise in speakers with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis may account for altered patterns of spatial variability in this population. This work establishes the potential of exploring how noise and bias in motor control may help uncover the mechanisms underlying speech impairments in this and other disorders.
Development and deployment of a mid-cost CO 2 sensor monitoring network to support atmospheric inverse modeling for quantifying urban CO 2 emissions in Paris

To effectively monitor the highly heterogeneous urban CO 2 emissions using atmospheric observations, there is a need to deploy cost-effective CO 2 sensors at multiple locations within the city with sufficient accuracy to capture the concentration gradients in urban environments. Its measurements could be used as input of an atmospheric inversion system for the quantification of emissions at the sub-city scale or separate specific sectors. Such quantification would offer valuable insights into the efficacy 15 of local initiatives and could also identify unknown emission hotspots that require attention. Here we present the development and evaluation of a mid-cost CO 2 instrument designed for continuous monitoring of atmospheric CO 2 concentrations with a target accuracy of 1 ppm on hourly mean measurement. We assess the sensor sensitivity in relation to environmental factors such as humidity, pressure, temperature and CO 2 signal, which leads to the development of an effective calibration algorithm. Since July 2020, eight mid-cost instruments have been installed within the city of Paris and its vicinity to provide continuous CO 2 20 measurements, complementing the seven high-precision Cavity Ring-Down Spectroscopy (CRDS) stations that have been in operation since 2016. A data processing system, called CO2calqual, has been implemented to automatically handle data quality control, calibration and storage, which enables the management of extensive real-time CO 2 measurements from the monitoring network. Colocation assessments with the high-precision instrument show that the accuracies of the eight mid-cost instruments are within the range of 1.0 to 2.4 ppm for hourly afternoon (12-17 UTC) measurements. The long-term stability issues require manual 25 data checks and instrument maintenance. The analyses show that CO 2 measurements can provide evidence for underestimations of CO 2 emissions in the Paris region and a lack of several emission point sources in the emission inventory. Our study demonstrates promising prospects in integrating mid-cost measurements along with high precision data into the subsequent atmospheric inverse modeling to improve the accuracy of quantifying the fine-scale CO 2 emissions in the Paris metropolitan area.
CHARACTERIZING RHYTHM IN DYSARTHRIC SPEECH USING THE TEMPORAL ENVELOPE

This study investigated the rhythmic characteristics of 15 dysarthric speakers and 15 non-dysarthric speakers. Speech rhythm was viewed from MacNeilage’s frame/content theory. Specifically, the temporal envelope was analysed. The subjects, native speakers of Canarian Spanish, read four phonetically-balanced sentences. Five common spectral measures (centroid, spread, rolloff, flatness, and entropy) were computed from the temporal envelope of each sentence. A binomial logistic regression model was built to evaluate how well the five spectral measures can characterize speech rhythm in dysarthric speakers versus the control group. The results show that the dysarthric group present a significantly lower centroid and lower spread. Possible explanations for these results are discussed in relation to previous phonetic studies into the rhythmic speech patterns of dysarthric speakers.
VOWEL RAISING ACROSS SYRIA AND JORDAN IN THE DIVAL CORPUS

Levantine Arabic dialects display a pervasive pattern of front vowel raising ( imala ), whose distribution is subject to variation and change across the region. There are few acoustic descriptions of imala , but prior auditory transcriptions point to variation in the degree of raising, as well as in the categorical presence or absence of imala , between contexts and dialects. We report values of F1/F2 and F2-2F1 in two potential imala contexts (word-internal /a:/ and feminine suffix /-a/), in scripted speech produced by 123 speakers of dialects from across Syria and Jordan, from the Dialect Variation in the Levant [DiVaL] corpus, with comparison to earlier dialect descriptions. We find limited evidence of present day dialectal differences in the conditioning environments of imala of word-internal /a:/, but clear evidence of both gradient and categorical variation in the degree of movement in the front vowel diagonal affecting feminine suffix /-a/.
A Study on the Debris Flow Movement and the Run-out Calculation Using the Coupling of Flood Runoff Model and Debris Flow Model

산지가 많은 국내에서는 산지지역뿐만 아니라 도심지에서의 토석류 피해 또한 급증하고 있다. 이러한 토석류로 인한 피해를 줄이기 위해서는 토석류를 유발시키는 강우의 해석이 먼저 선행되어야 한다고 판단된다. 따라서 본 연구에서는 우면산 산사태 피해지역에서 가장 큰 피해를 발생시킨 래미안 아파트 일대를 대상지역으로 선정하였고 토석류를 유발시키는 강우를 해석하기.
The Life After Stroke In Northern Sweden Study (LASINS): Methodology, cohort demographics and initial results

BACKGROUND: To advance rehabilitation we need a comprehensive understanding of functioning and disability of people after stroke. OBJECTIVE: To present an overview of the methodology of the Life After Stroke In Northern Sweden Study, compare participants and non-participants regarding gender and age, and describe baseline sociodemographics, stroke characteristics and the participants’ self-rated degree of recovery. METHODS: Data were collected through a study specific questionnaire, from the participants’ medical records and with internationally established self-assessment tools focusing on sleep disturbances, depressive symptoms, fatigue, physical activity, and remaining physical and cognitive impairments, activity limitations, participation restrictions and life satisfaction. RESULTS: Of 301 potential participants, 160 comprise the final sample (response rate 53%; 86 men and 74 women, mean age 73 years±11, mean time since stroke onset 35 months±11; 18– 61). Most participants had an ischemic stroke (87%), were retired (84%), cohabitant (63%) and walked independently (71%). The mean self-rated degree of recovery was 75 (SD±24; 0– 100). CONCLUSIONS: These baseline data together with forthcoming studies will describe stroke-related impairments, activity limitations, participation restrictions and life satisfaction more than one year after stroke, and deepen our understanding of factors of importance for a healthy and successful life after stroke.
MONITORING OF AGRICULTURAL RESOURCES ON MULTITEMPORAL ERS-2\SAR

с последующей релаксацией напряжений. Выполнен-ные GPS наблюдения подтверждают сделанные ранее выводы о преимущественно термальном механизме инициации деформирования ледового покрова Байкала. Для полевых измерений использовались спутниковые геодезические приемники HiPer Topcon и Trimble R3. В целом, оценки перемещений – дрейфа ледового покрова, интерферометрическими методами хорошо согласуются с данными подспутниковых GPS измере-ний. Сравнение наземных наблюдений со спутнико-выми данными показало, что активные деформацион-ные процессы происходят не только на границах крупных блокоразделов ледового покрова оз. Байкал, но и во всем его объеме, вследствие внутриблоковой фрагментации ледовых пластин, находящихся в слож-ном напряженном состоянии. Библиографические ссылки 1. Ледовый покров озера Байкал как модельная среда для изучения тектонических процессов в земной коре / Н. Л. Добрецов, С. Г. Псахье, В. В. Ружич [и др. ] // ДАН. 2007. Т. 412, № 5. С. 656–660. 2. Деформации и сейсмические явления в ледяном покрове озера Байкал / В. В. Ружич, С. Г. Псахье, Е. Н. Черных [и др. ] // Геология и геофизика. 2009. Т. 50, № 3. С. 289–299. 3. Результаты исследований динамики ледового покрова озера Байкал методами спутниковой радио-локации ALOS PALSAR и GPS-навигации / И. И. Кир-бижекова, Т. Н. Чимитдоржиев, Ц. А. Тубанов [и др. ] // Вестник БНЦ СО РАН. 2012. № 1 (5). С. 42–59. 4. Использование данных PALSAR при выполне-нии геодинамического мониторинга нефтегазовых месторождений / А. В. Евтюшкин, А. В. Филатов, Ю. В. Васильев [и др. ] // Современные проблемы дис-танционного зондирования Земли из космоса. 2010. Т. 7, № 2. С. 122–128. 5. Использование данных радиолокационной ин-терферометрии ALOS PALSAR и георадарного зон-дирования для исследования криогенных деформаций грунтов / Т. Н. Чимитдоржиев, В. Б. Хаптанов, А. И. За-харов [и др. ] // Журнал радиоэлектроники. 2010. № 4. С. 172–181.
Advancing Accounting Education: A Comprehensive Approach to Inventory Materials Learning through Online Applications and the Smith-Ragan Model

Information technology has significantly influenced accounting and financial practices. This development was marked by several changes in the manual processing of accounting data into a computer accounting system with accounting software. While accurate online teaching materials exist, people still need to explain the logic behind using all the existing features and the related basic rules. This suggests that computer learning resources based on Accurate Educational accounting that discuss inventory could be developed further. This research aims to develop computer accounting teaching materials assisted by accurate online applications in an integrated manner with lesson plans, media, student worksheets, and assessment instruments. This research introduces an accurate online inventory-based inventory module, named Accurate Online, to help students to learn accounting computer material easier based on a scientific approach and problem-based learning. This research uses the Smith-Ragan model to test student responses to learning innovations and analyze their learning outcomes. The subjects in this study were 19 semester six students of the Accounting Education Study Program at PGRI Madiun University. This research develops learning innovations through lesson plans, modules, Student Worksheets, learning media, and evaluation instruments. The analysis results of the computer learning innovation process get very valid criteria with 95.42%, Lesson Plan 96.4%, worksheets 96%, learning media 92.5 %, and 96.25% evaluation instrument. Student responses to computer learning innovations for inventory module accounting based on Accurate Online get a practicality percentage of 87% in the practicality category, which is very practical and can be used without revision. Student learning outcomes have increased after participating in the Accurate Online-based accounting computer learning program. The value of the evaluation questions indicates the increase in student learning outcomes after learning is carried out using a structured learning program where 89% of students score above the Minimum Completeness Criteria.
Selected Milestones in Antiviral Drug Development

This review article will describe the (wide) variety of approaches that I envisaged to develop a specific therapy for viral infections: (i) interferon and its inducers, (ii) HSV, VZV and CMV inhibitors, (iii) NRTIs (nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors), NtRTIs (nucleotide reverse transcriptase inhibitors) and NNRTIs (non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors) as HIV inhibitors, (iv) NtRTIs as HBV inhibitors, and finally, (v) the transition of an HIV inhibitor to a stem cell mobilizer, as exemplified by AMD-3100 (Mozobil®).
A Novel Flame-Retardant, Smoke-Suppressing, and Superhydrophobic Transparent Bamboo

Silica glass, known for its brittleness, weight, and non-biodegradable nature, faces challenges in finding suitable alternatives. Transparent wood, made by infusing polymers into wood, shows promise but is hindered by limited availability of wood in China and fire risks associated with its use. This study explores the potential of utilizing bamboo, which has a shorter growth cycle, as a valuable resource for developing flame-retardant, smoke-suppressing, and superhydrophobic transparent bamboo. A 3-layered flame-retardant barrier, composed of a top silane layer, an intermediate layer of SiO2 formed through hydrolysis-condensation of Na2SiO3 on the surface, and an inner layer of Na2SiO3, has been confirmed to be effective in reducing heat release, slowing flame spread, and inhibiting the release of combustible volatiles, toxic smoke, and CO. Compared to natural bamboo and other congeneric transparent products, the transparent bamboo displays remarkable superiority, with the majority of parameters being notably lower by an entire order of magnitude. It achieves a long ignition time of 116 s, low total heat release (0.7 MJ/m2), low total smoke production (0.063 m2), and low peak CO concentration (0.008 kg/kg). Moreover, when used as a substrate for perovskite solar cells, the transparent bamboo displays the potential to act as a light management layer, leading to a marked efficiency enhancement of 15.29%. The excellent features of transparent bamboo make it an enticing choice for future advancements in flame-retardant glasses and optical devices.
Effect of material properties on emotion: a virtual reality study

Introduction Designers know that part of the appreciation of a product comes from the properties of its materials. These materials define the object’s appearance and produce emotional reactions that can influence the act of purchase. Although known and observed as important, the affective level of a material remains difficult to assess. While many studies have been conducted regarding material colors, here we focus on two material properties that drive how light is reflected by the object: its metalness and smoothness. In this context, this work aims to study the influence of these properties on the induced emotional response. Method We conducted a perceptual user study in virtual reality, allowing participants to visualize and manipulate a neutral object – a mug. We generated 16 material effects by varying it metalness and smoothness characteristics. The emotional reactions produced by the 16 mugs were evaluated on a panel of 29 people using James Russel’s circumplex model, for an emotional measurement through two dimensions: arousal (from low to high) and valence (from negative to positive). This scale, used here through VR users’ declarative statements allowed us to order their emotional preferences between all the virtual mugs. Result Statistical results show significant positive effects of both metalness and smoothness on arousal and valence. Using image processing features, we show that this positive effect is linked to the increasing strength (i.e., sharpness and contrast) of the specular reflections induced by these material properties. Discussion The present work is the first to establish this strong relationship between specular reflections induced by material properties and aroused emotions.
The Optimal Global Path Planning of Mobile Robot Based on Improved Hybrid Adaptive Genetic Algorithm in Different Tasks and Complex Road Environments

In complex environments, mobile robots performing tasks with different hazard levels need to consider different road factors, this paper proposes a functional model correlating task hazard levels with road factors, proposing an innovative Hybrid Adaptive Genetic Algorithm (HAGA). The HAGA integrates an optimized two-optimization (2-opt) operator* with an enhanced Adaptive Genetic Algorithm (AGA) for efficient path planning in diverse tasks and complex road conditions. Firstly, pre-optimize the initial paths is performed by introducing a new domain knowledge-based operator that duplicates paths in the path are deleted to avoid the redundant paths, and then they are divided into the TOP layer and the ordinary layer, the TOP layer is optimized by using the adaptive 2-opt* operator that satisfies the hyperbolic tangent function (TANH), and the crossover and variability of the ordinary layer are optimized by using the S-type function (Sigmoid function, Sigmoid) and TANH AGA for the optimization treatment for the crossover and variance of the ordinary layer, respectively, to establish a robot path planning algorithm suitable for multitasking in complex environments. The experiment proves that the improved HAGA has strong global search ability and also improves the local search ability, has good generality and robustness, and reduces the optimal path distance by a minimum of 2.74% and a maximum of 10.86% compared with the comparison algorithm in the experiment. The experimental results showed that the method enables mobile robots to perform tasks with different hazard levels in complex environments with good generalization and robustness, and the coefficient of variation (CV) of repeated experiments at five safety levels was kept within 2 %. which had good universality and versatility. This research has the potential to enhance the safety and efficiency of mobile robot operations in challenging environments.
Recent Advances of Emerging Metal-Containing Two-Dimensional Nanomaterials in Tumor Theranostics

Abstract In recent years, metal-containing two-dimensional (2D) nanomaterials, among various 2D nanomaterials have attracted widespread attention because of their unique physical and chemical properties, especially in the fields of biomedical applications. Firstly, the review provides a brief introduction to two types of metal-containing 2D nanomaterials, based on whether metal species take up the major skeleton of the 2D nanomaterials. After this, the synthetical approaches are summarized, focusing on two strategies similar to other 2D nanomaterials, top-down and bottom-up methods. Then, the performance and evaluation of these 2D nanomaterials when applied to cancer therapy are discussed in detail. The specificity of metal-containing 2D nanomaterials in physics and optics makes them capable of killing cancer cells in a variety of ways, such as photodynamic therapy, photothermal therapy, sonodynamic therapy, chemodynamic therapy and so on. Besides, the integrated platform of diagnosis and treatment and the clinical translatability through metal-containing 2D nanomaterials is also introduced in this review. In the summary and perspective section, advanced rational design, challenges and promising clinical contributions to cancer therapy of these emerging metal-containing 2D nanomaterials are discussed.