Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Energy cost of exergaming: a comparison of the energy cost of 6 forms of exergaming.

OBJECTIVE To determine the relative effect of interactive digital exercise that features player movement (ie, exergames) on energy expenditure among children of various body mass indexes (BMIs; calculated as weight in kilograms divided by height in meters squared). DESIGN Comparison study. SETTING GoKids Boston, a youth fitness research and training center located at University of Massachusetts, Boston. PARTICIPANTS Thirty-nine boys and girls (mean [SD] age, 11.5 [2.0] years) recruited from local schools and after-school programs. MAIN EXPOSURE Six forms of exergaming as well as treadmill walking. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES In addition to treadmill walking at 3 miles per hour (to convert miles to kilometers, multiply by 1.6), energy expenditure of the following exergames were examined: Dance Dance Revolution, LightSpace (Bug Invasion), Nintendo Wii (Boxing), Cybex Trazer (Goalie Wars), Sportwall, and Xavix (J-Mat). Energy expenditure was measured using the CosMed K4B2 portable metabolic cart. RESULTS All forms of interactive gaming evaluated in our study increased energy expenditure above rest, with no between-group differences among normal (BMI < 85th percentile) and "at-risk" or overweight (BMI ≥ 85th percentile) children (P ≥ .05). Walking at 3 miles per hour resulted in a mean (SD) metabolic equivalent task value of 4.9 (0.7), whereas the intensity of exergaming resulted in mean (SD) metabolic equivalent task values of 4.2 (1.6) for Wii, 5.4 (1.8) for Dance Dance Revolution, 6.4 (1.6) for LightSpace, 7.0 (1.8) for Xavix, 5.9 (1.5) for Cybex Trazer, and 7.1 (1.7) for Sportwall. Enjoyment of the games was generally high but was highest for children with BMIs in the highest percentiles. CONCLUSION All games used in our study elevated energy expenditure to moderate or vigorous intensity. Exergaming has the potential to increase physical activity and have a favorable influence on energy balance, and may be a viable alternative to traditional fitness activities for children of various BMI levels.
An investigation of the effectiveness of integrating sound-field amplification and classroom-based phonological awareness intervention on the early reading development of young school children

Sound-field amplification systems (SFA) have proven effective in overcoming classroom listening difficulties associated with noise, distance and reverberation. However, whether improving the classroom listening environment is sufficient to enhance young children’s learning in areas critical to early reading acquisition, such as awareness of the sound structure of spoken words (phonological awareness: PA), is unclear. This study aimed to examine the effectiveness of an enhanced listening environment combined with PA intervention which aimed to specifically increase children’s PA compared to an enhanced listening environment alone. Participants were 38 children aged 5-6 years from two classes at a low-decile primary school. All children were hearing screened at baseline, preand post-intervention. PA, letter-sound knowledge, real and non-word decoding were measured three times over 10 weeks (Term 1) prior to SFA installation in both classrooms, as well as preand post-intervention. In Term 2, children in class 1 were randomly assigned to receive SFA and an eight-week class-based teacher-administered PA programme. Class 2 received SFA only. A significant learning effect for all children occurred during the first phase of the monitoring period. Yet, a plateau was reached for most children between assessment times two and three prior to intervention. Following intervention, class 1 demonstrated a significant difference compared to class 2 in one PA assessment. Other measures failed to show any differences between classes. Visual data analyses revealed particular (non-significant) improvements for poor readers in class 1. These children outperformed poor readers in class 2 on all measures. Teacher questionnaires indicated that children’s listening skills improved with SFA. The significant difference observed in one measure of PA between classes demonstrated that the combination of enhanced classroom acoustic environment and PA intervention actively improved PA development. The results of this study have implications for: (a) facilitating attention to sound structure, (b) optimal intervention for early PA development, (c) early reading acquisition in New Zealand classrooms, and, (d) the use of typical models of professional teacher development.
Derivation of Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells from Human Peripheral Blood T Lymphocytes

Induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) hold enormous potential for the development of personalized in vitro disease models, genomic health analyses, and autologous cell therapy. Here we describe the generation of T lymphocyte-derived iPSCs from small, clinically advantageous volumes of non-mobilized peripheral blood. These T-cell derived iPSCs (“TiPS”) retain a normal karyotype and genetic identity to the donor. They share common characteristics with human embryonic stem cells (hESCs) with respect to morphology, pluripotency-associated marker expression and capacity to generate neurons, cardiomyocytes, and hematopoietic progenitor cells. Additionally, they retain their characteristic T-cell receptor (TCR) gene rearrangements, a property which could be exploited for iPSC clone tracking and T-cell development studies. Reprogramming T-cells procured in a minimally invasive manner can be used to characterize and expand donor specific iPSCs, and control their differentiation into specific lineages.
Estimation of Elbow-Induced Wrist Force With EMG Signals Using Fast Orthogonal Search

In many studies and applications that include direct human involvement-such as human-robot interaction, control of prosthetic arms, and human factor studies-hand force is needed for monitoring or control purposes. The use of inexpensive and easily portable active electromyogram (EMG) electrodes and position sensors would be advantageous in these applications compared to the use of force sensors, which are often very expensive and require bulky frames. Multilayer perceptron artificial neural networks (MLPANN) have been used commonly in the literature to model the relationship between surface EMG signals and muscle or limb forces for different anatomies. This paper investigates the use of fast orthogonal search (FOS), a time-domain method for rapid nonlinear system identification, for elbow-induced wrist force estimation. It further compares the forces estimated using FOS with the forces estimated by MLPANN for the same human anatomy under an ensemble of operational conditions. In this paper, the EMG signal readings from upper arm muscles involved in elbow joint movement and sensed elbow angular position and velocity are utilized as inputs. A single degree-of-freedom robotic experimental testbed has been constructed and used for data collection, training and validation
EFFECTS OF PROGESTERONE ON SPERMATOZOA : MECHANISMS OF SIGNAL TRANSDUCTION AND CLINICAL IMPLICATIONS

Progesterone (P) is one of the physiological stimuli of human sperm acrosome reaction. It is present in high levels at the site of fertilization (cumulus oophorus) and has been describe to affect several sperm functions including motility, capacitation and acrosome reaction. The effects of the steroid, which is present in high levels in the cumulus matrix that surrounds the oocyte, are mediated by an increase of intracellular calcium concentrations, efflux of chloride, stimulation of activity of phospholipases and phosphorylation of proteins. These effects are due to activation of a rapid/nongenomic pathway. Two different types of receptors for P, distinct from the genomic ones, have been recently identified on the surface of human spermatozoa. The affinities of P for these receptors are respectively in the nanoand in the micromolar range. Sperm responsiveness to progesterone is impaired in subfertile patients and is strictly correlated to the ability of fertilize the oocyte. In addition, the determination of sperm responsiveness is predictive of fertilizing ability with a positive predictive value of 90% and can be clinically useful for the preliminary assessment of the male partner to select the appropriate assisted reproductive technique.
Patient-cooperative control strategies for coordinated functional arm movements

An increasingly large number of people in industrialized countries suffers from a stroke every year. The rehabilitation robot ARMin has been developed for the arm rehabilitation of stroke patients and other neurological patients. In this work, a control strategy for training Activities of Daily Living (ADL) with ARMin is presented. The training of ADLs motivates the subject and facilitates relearning of functional movements. A combination of impedance and admittance control is implemented and a control strategy to support the subject in a patient-cooperative way during the training is introduced. The control strategy is based on the minimum intervention principle thus maximizing the subject's own contribution to the task. First results with healthy subjects are presented. The algorithms are described as a general concept and can also be applied to other rehabilitation robots.
Development and Practice of the Rotating Duty System in Robot Contest Study

In this study, the authors employ the topic of “Rotating Duty System” with the goal of developing collaborative learning in robot contest study, and examine how the system enhances language activities in technology education in Japan. This system is a learning system where a project is jointly carried out by a group, the group representative changes depending on the meeting content and each member of the group is given responsibility. In addition, this system intentionally and systematically incorporates “language activities” such as discussion or summarizing in text, etc. Reviewing students' reports and scrutinizing outcomes of the practical education, we concluded that this system is noticeable effect from the perspective of discussion as well as the effect of allowing students to understand their role and take responsibility. Furthermore, comparing it with basic theory of pedagogy, we inferred that this system can be applied to all technology education in activities where a project is carried out collaboratively as well as robot contest study.
Models of learning space: integrating research on space, place and learning in higher education

Learning space research is a relatively new field of study that seeks to inform the design, evaluation and management of learning spaces. This paper reviews a dispersed and fragmented literature relevant to understanding connections between university learning spaces and student learning activities. From this review, the paper distils a number of core concerns and identifies some gaps in the literature. One of its primary goals is to clear the ground for the construction of models of learning space that can be used by the various parties involved in the design and evaluation of new learning spaces: teachers, architects, interior designers, IT managers, educational leaders and students. A closely related goal is to help those participating in learning space research locate and understand each other's contributions. Fragmentation in research related to learning and physical spaces makes progress in the field slow. Our review makes two passes over the field: drawing together research from architecture, the learning sciences, environmental psychology, human computer interaction and elsewhere to identify research foci and gaps, and then also capturing some work by learning space researchers that directly attempts to model the main relationships in the field. The paper ends with a summary of implications for research and practice.
Patterns of Choice in Interpersonal Relations

L Conformity (Pgm) varies directly with motivational investment in the group; 2. Conformity varies inversely with acceptance in alternative groups; 3. Conformity is high at both status extremes in groups with membership turnover (see column 5, Table 1); 4. Highly valued members of a group are strong conformers only if they are valued by other groups as well. (This supports the notion that special status rewards are used to hold the highly valued member who does not depend heavily upon the group, and that in granting him such rewards power is obtained over him.); 5. Coalitions form among the weak to control the strong (balancing operation number three); 6. The greatest rewards within a coalition are given to the less dependent member of the coalition (balancing operation number three, analogous to "status giving").
Advances in Brief Fusion of the NH 2-Terminal Domain of the Basic Helix-Loop-Helix Protein TCF 12 to TEC in Extraskeletal Myxoid Chondrosarcoma with Translocation t ( 9 ; 15 ) ( q 22 ; q 21 ) 1

Extraskeletal myxoid chondrosarcomas (EMCs) are characterized by recurrent t(9;22) or t(9;17) translocations resulting in fusions of the NH2-terminal transactivation domains of EWS or TAF2N to the entire TEC protein. We report here an EMC with a novel translocation t(9; 15)(q22;q21) and a third type of TEC-containing fusion gene. The chimeric transcript encodes a protein in which the first 108 amino acids of the NH2-terminus of the basic helix-loop-helix (bHLH) protein TCF12 is linked to the entire TEC protein. The translocation separates the NH2terminal domain of TCF12 from the bHLH domain as well as from a potential leucine zipper domain located immediately downstream of the breakpoint. These results demonstrate that the NH2-terminal transactivation domains of EWS or TAF2N are not unique in their ability to convert the TEC protein into an oncogenically active fusion protein, and that they may be replaced by a domain from a bHLH protein that presumably endows the fusion protein with similar functions.
Non-negative Autoencoder with Simplified Random Neural Network

A new shallow multi-layer auto-encoder that combines the spiking Random Neural Network (RNN) with the network architecture typically used in deep-learning, is proposed with a learning algorithm inspired by non-negative matrix factorization which satisfies the non-negative probability constraints of the RNN. Auto-encoders equipped with this learning algorithm are tested on typical images including the MNIST, Yale face and CIFAR-10 datasets, and also using 16 real-world datasets from different areas, exhibiting the desired high learning and recognition accuracy. Montecarlo simulations of the stochastic spiking behaviour of this RNN auto-encoder have also been carried out, showing that it can be implemented in a highly parallel manner to achieve substantial speed improvements.
On the benefits of digital libraries of case studies of analogical design: Documentation, access, analysis, and learning

Abstract Digital libraries of case studies of analogical design have been popular since their advent in the early 1990s. We consider four benefits of digital libraries of case studies of analogical design in the context of biologically inspired design. First, a digital library affords documentation. The 83 case studies in our work come from 8 years of extended, collaborative design projects in an interdisciplinary class on biologically inspired design. Second, a digital library provides on-demand access to the case studies. We describe a web-based library of case studies of biologically inspired design called the Design Study Library (DSL). Third, a compilation of case studies supports analyses of broader patterns and trends. As an example, an analysis of DSL's case studies found that environmental sustainability was a major factor in about a third of the case studies and an explicit design goal in about a fourth. Fourth, a digital library of case studies can support analogical learning. Preliminary results from an exploratory study indicate that DSL may support novice learning about the processes of biologically inspired design.
Inside Jokes: A Sensemaking Resource for Understanding Sarcasm and Teasing in the Workplace

Humorous exchanges using sarcasm and teasing can be found in many workplaces despite the fact that they are often considered inappropriate. This study looked at what causes people to participate in sensemaking after engaging in these types of humor and examined how people make sense of sarcasm and teasing. The framework for this study was Sherif’s Social Judgment Theory (SJT) (1969) and Sensemaking (1995). Twenty people were interviewed about their last workplace exchange involving these types of humor and their answers were recorded and analyzed. The results showed that recipients, through sensemaking, assimilated jokes that were insulting and not humorous. Jokes that were funny did not prompt reflection or assimilation. The results also provided several sensemaking resources that help both tellers and hearers of jokes understand the rationale for why jokes may be funny or insulting. The findings of this study provide an understanding of humor that can facilitate a more collegial work environment in organizational setting.
Averaged Least-Mean-Square : Bias-Variance Trade-offs and Optimal Sampling Distributions Supplementary material

Throughout our results we will use the following notations and results. These are necessary to provide explicit expressions for the constants in the asymptotic expansions. For any real vector space V of finite dimension d, let M(V ) be the space of linear operators over V which is isomorphic to the space of d-by-d matrices, with the usual results that composition becomes matrix multiplication. As a consequence we will use the same notation for the space of matrices and the space of endomorphisms. We denote by I = M(M(R)) the space of endomorphisms on the space of matrices over R. One can index the rows and columns of a matrix M ∈ I by a pair (i, j) where 1 ≤ i ≤ d and 1 ≤ j ≤ d. We will often denote by M(i,j),(k,l) an element of this matrix on matrices. In the following we will drop the domain of i, j, k, l, i, j which is implicitly {1, 2, . , d}. Explicitly, if A ∈ M(R) and M ∈ I, then MA is defined through:
Reconfigurable Sparse Matrix-Vector Multiplication on FPGAs

executing memory-intensive simulations, such as those required for sparse matrix-vector multiplication. This effect is due to the memory bottleneck that is encountered with large arrays that must be stored in dynamic RAM. An FPGA core designed for a target performance that does not unnecessarily exceed the memory imposed bottleneck can be distributed, along with multiple memory interfaces, into a scalable architecture that overcomes the bandwidth limitation of a single interface. Interconnected cores can work together to solve a computing problem and exploit a bandwidth that is the sum of the bandwidth available from all of their connected memory interfaces. This work demonstrates this concept of scalability with two memory interfaces through the use of an available FPGA prototyping platform. It is shown that our reconfigurable approach is scalable as performance roughly doubles when two FPGAs are used for computation instead of one.
Multisite research ethics review: Problems and potential solutions

Large scale, multisite clinical research trials have been increasing in frequency. As it stands currently, a research project performed at multiple institutions requires ethics review at each institution. While local (institutional) review may be necessary in some instances, repetitive reviews may require unnecessary changes and not serve to further protect participants. Multiple ethics reviews of a single study have been shown to delay research and require, in some cases, significant resources in order to fulfill the requests of individual ethics boards. This literature review discusses the conceptual issues and outlines empirical research surrounding multisite ethics review from different jurisdictions, as well as alternative methods to streamline the ethics review process including reciprocal review, centralized review, and a proposed modification to the centralized review process.
Pathways to Financing College

Researchers have investigated many aspects of college financing. Yet, we know little about the processes involved—that is, the details of students’ understandings and experiences, intersectional differences by race and first-generation-student background, and changes over students’ college careers. Based on students’ narratives, this article addresses these gaps in the literature by developing the concept of pathways to financing college to capture race- and class-based inequalities in the financial, cultural, and social capital students draw on as they navigate college costs and how these resources change over time. We find four pathways: (1) white students whose parents attended college relied on their parents’ financial and cultural capital; (2) white first-generation students initially received financial help from parents, but these resources ran out, leaving a burden on students in the later years of college; (3) black students whose parents attended college pieced together capital from multiple sources, including social capital from parents’ networks; and (4) black and Latina/o first-generation students shouldered the burden themselves. Our qualitative, intersectional, and longitudinal approach sheds new light on the social reproduction of inequalities by documenting inconsistencies in financial, cultural, and social capital provided by parents and counselors throughout students’ college careers and how students lacking such resources often muddle through alone.
Plastids and pathogens

In bacteria, MscS-type mechanosensitive channels serve to protect cells from lysis as they swell during extreme osmotic stress. We recently showed that two MscS homologs from Arabidopsis thaliana serve a similar purpose in the epidermal plastids of the leaf, indicating that the plant cell cytoplasm can present a dynamic osmotic challenge to the plastid. MscS homologs are predicted to be targeted to both plastids and mitochondrial envelopes and have been found in the genomes of intracellular pathogens. Here we discuss the implications of these observations, and propose that MS channels provide an essential mechanism for osmotic adaptation to both intracellular and the extracellular environments.
User Character and Communication Pattern Detecting on Social Network Site

As a newly emergent interpersonal communication media, social network site has been attracting researchers' attention world wide. Aiming at disclosing user characters and interpersonal communication pattern, an empirical study based on xiaonei.com is conducted. User's profile data of a typical university has been crawled based on which four types of interaction are identified. Then, these types are used as each user's feature vector and taken as the input of a clustering algorithm. Three categories of participant are found which are named as "outgoing", "incoming" and "reciprocal" users. Furthermore, the chi-square test for independence conducted on the interaction data shows that there exits significant communication patterns among different categories of users. This computation method can facilitate user data analysis and user interface design for Social Network Site implementers.