Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Art, governance and the turn to community: Lessons from a national action research project on community art and local government in Australia

This article reports on the outcomes of a major action research sponsored by the Australia Council of the Arts and the Melboume-based Cultural Development Network (CDN). This project aimed to explore the contribution that well planned and well-resourced community art projects could make to the capacity of local government authorities (L.GAs) in Australia to engage more effectively with the concerns of their local communities and to carry out more effective strategic planning.
The Ontogeny and Significance of Infants' Facial Expressions in the First 9 Months of Life.

Four studies examined aspects of the differential emotions theory (DET) hypothesis of expressive behavior development. In Study 1, facial-expressive movements of 108 2.5- to 9-month-old infants were video recorded in positive and negative mother-infant interactions (conditions). As expected, Max-specified full-face and partial expressions of interest, joy, sadness, and anger were morphologically stable between the 2 ages. Studies 1 and 2 confirmed predicted differential responding to mother sadness and anger expressions and to composite positive and negative conditions. Discrete negative expressions exceeded negative blends, and the amount of both expression types remained stable across ages. Studies 3 and 4 provided varying degrees of support for the social validity of Max-specified infant negative affect expressions. Conclusions include revisions and clarifications of DET.
Development and application of a nonradioactive binding assay of oxidized low-density lipoprotein to macrophage scavenger receptors

Macrophages play a key role in atherogenesis in part through excessive uptake of oxidized LDL (OxLDL) via scavenger receptors. Binding of OxLDL to macrophages has traditionally been assessed using radiolabeled OxLDL. To allow more efficient and convenient measurements, we developed a nonradioactive binding assay in which biotinylated OxLDL (Bt-OxLDL) is added to macrophages in 96-well microtiter culture plates under various conditions and the extent of binding is determined using solid phase chemiluminescent immunoassay techniques. As examples, we show that Bt-OxLDL displayed high and saturable binding to macrophages in contrast to Bt-LDL, which showed very low binding. In competition assays, unlabeled OxLDL and the anti-OxLDL monoclonal antibody E06 inhibited Bt-OxLDL binding to macrophages in a dose-dependent manner. Specific binding of Bt-OxLDL to ApoE/SR-A/CD36 triple knockout macrophages was reduced by 80% as compared with binding to macrophages from ApoE knockout mice. Binding of Bt-OxLDL to CD36 transfected COS-7 cells showed enhanced saturable binding compared with mock-transfected cells. This assay avoids the use of radioactivity and uses small amounts of materials. It can be used to study binding of OxLDL to macrophages and factors that influence this binding. The techniques described should be readily adaptable to study of other ligands, receptors, and cell types.
Wartime Military Deployment and Increased Pediatric Mental and Behavioral Health Complaints

BACKGROUND: Children of military personnel face stress when a parent deploys. OBJECTIVE: Our goal was to determine the effect of parental military deployment on the relative rate of outpatient visits for mental and behavioral health disorders in children aged 3 to 8 years. METHODS: This was a retrospective cohort study. Records of children of active-duty personnel during fiscal years 2006 and 2007 were linked with their parent's deployment records. Mental and behavioral health visits were identified by using International Classification of Diseases, Ninth Revision, codes. The incidence rate ratio (IRR) of visits per year according to parental deployment status was determined with random-effects negative binomial regression modeling with longitudinal data analysis. RESULTS: A total of 642 397 children aged 3 to 8 years and 442 722 military parents were included. Mean child age was 5.0 years (SD: 1.9 years); 50.6% were male, and 68.0% were white. Ninety percent of the parents were male, and 90.5% were married; 32.0% of the parents were deployed during the study. There were 1 049 081 person-years with 611 115 mental and behavioral health visits (0.6 visit per year). The IRR of mental and behavioral health visits for children with a deployed parent compared with when a parent was home was 1.11 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.07–1.14; P < .001). IRRs of pediatric anxiety, behavioral, and stress disorders when a parent deployed were 1.14 (95% CI: 0.98–1.32; P = .095), 1.19 (95% CI: 1.07–1.32; P < .001), and 1.18 (95% CI: 1.10–1.26; P < .001), respectively. Older children and children with military fathers and married parents had larger increases in rates of mental and behavioral health visits during parental deployments. In contrast, the overall outpatient rate and rates of visits for other diagnoses decreased when a parent was deployed. CONCLUSIONS: Mental and behavioral health visits increased by 11% in these children when a military parent deployed; behavioral disorders increased 19% and stress disorders increased 18%. Rates especially increased in older children and children of married and male military parents.
‘All in a day's leisure’: gender and the concept of leisure

This paper suggests that leisure conceptualized as time or activity alone poses problems for gender. The underlying idea of leisure as freely-chosen, self-actualizing experience is presented as a basis for broadening the concept. Both the limitations and the freedoms inherent in the leisure experience of women and men may be explained through such a concept of leisure. This concept leads us to explore new areas of literature, in particular feminist analyses of power. Women's lack of autonomy in comparison with men is highlighted. Finally, further research and future policy can be enhanced by this broader concept of leisure.
Fetal and early life determinants of hypertension in adults: implications for study.

In this issue of Hypertension , Fagerudd et al present results describing the significant association of early life factors and adult blood pressure levels.1 The concept that adult-onset diseases may have a fetal and/or early life origin has been advanced since the 1980s.2 This school of thought, also referred to as the “Barker Hypothesis,” was initiated by identifying ecological associations of fetal and early life health indicators (infant mortality, birth size, etc) and adult diseases, such as ischemic heart disease.2 This epidemiological approach was used to assess the geographic patterns of birth weight and adult-onset stroke in the United States and the United Kingdom, identifying similar associations.3 The results prompted the expansion to numerous cohort and epidemiological studies that identified the direct association of birth weight and various disease outcomes, indicating greater disease risk and accelerated disease progression among individuals with adverse fetal and early life events. For example, risk for hypertension-related end-stage renal disease was greater among individuals with a birth weight <2500 grams.4 Similar findings were reported for hypertension and other hypertension-related outcomes.5 Clearly, indicators such …
Dependency Parsing as a Sequence Labeling Task

Dependency Parsing as a Sequence Labeling Task The aim of this paper is to explore the feasibility of solving the dependency parsing problem using sequence labeling tools. We introduce an algorithm to transform a dependency tree into a tag sequence suitable for a sequence labeling algorithm and evaluate several parameter settings on the standard treebank data. We focus mainly on Czech, as a high-inflective free-word-order language, which is not so easy to parse using traditional techniques, but we also test our approach on English for comparison.
Biochemical blood profile of Angoni cattle in Mozambique.

The normal reference values of serum proteins, metabolites and minerals of Angoni cattle in Angonia Mozambique and the effects of age, sex and physiological state were determined. These indigo animals, which proved to be more adaptable to the harsh climatic conditions and common diseases, are relative free genetically of the “imported genes” for better production from outside Africa. Eighty-four young and mature, males and females at different physiological states were used for this study. Blood was taken, transported to the analyzing laboratory, serum was obtained and analyzed in a "Cobas Bio" blood analyzer and specific electrodes. The following analytes and parameters were analyzed: AST, ALT, ALP, CK, GGT, LDH, total serum proteins, albumin, globulin, albumin-globulin ratio, glucose, cholesterol, urea, creatinine, bilirubin, uric acid, calcium, inorganic phosphorus, calcium-phosphorus ratio, sodium, potassium, chloride and hematocrit. The values obtained were statistically analyzed, the mean and standard deviations were calculated and set as the reference values. No significant differences were seen between the males and females. Significant differences however, were seen between young and mature animals. With lower ALP, calcium, calcium to phosphorus ratio, chlorine and potassium, and higher values total proteins, globulin and urea, in the mature animals. Significant differences were also seen between pregnant, non-pregnant and lactating cows with ALP, LDH, glucose and calcium being the highest in the non-pregnant cows. In lactating cows globulin and cholesterol were the highest and albumin-to-globulin ratio was the lowest. Pregnant cows showed the highest hematocrit and the lowest potassium in comparison to the other groups. Highly significant negative correlation were seen between age and ALP, glucose, potassium, and phosphorus and positive correlation were seen between age, globulin and total proteins. Significant correlations were also seen between body weight/age ratio to glucose, ALP, total proteins and phosphorus. Some significant differences were also seen in the blood levels of various analytes in comparison to cattle in other countries, which are a result of genetic, climatic, nutritional and environmental conditions. Page 1 of 9 BIOCHEMICAL BLOOD PROFILE OF ANGONI CATTLE IN MOZAMBIQUE
A Game Theory Approach to Feature Selection for Text Classification

This paper presents an initial study on how game theory can be applied to select positive and negative features for a text classification task. The proposed approach builds upon previous work where the players are the positive and negative categories, while the strategies are the choices of selecting a given feature as positive or negative. We explore how the payoff matrix can be described in a more general way and analyze how the choice of a given payoff matrix influences the effectiveness of a text classification engine.
A Machine-Checked Model of MGU Axioms: Applications of Finite Maps and Functional Induction

The most general unifier (MGU) of a pair of terms can be specified by four axioms. In this paper we generalize the standard presentation of the axioms to specify the MGU of a list of equational constraints and we formally verify that the unification algorithm satisfies the axioms. Our constraints are equalities between terms in a language of simple types. We model substitutions as finite maps from the Coq library Coq.FSets. FMapInterface. Since the unification algorithm is general recursive we show termination using a lexicographic ordering on lists of constraints. Coq’s method of functional induction is the main proof technique used in proving the axioms.
Communication Intervention for Infants and Toddlers with Cochlear Implants

The use of cochlear implants in children younger than 3 years of age presents challenges to clinicians who provide communication intervention. This article covers four of these challenges including the developmental appropriateness of materials and procedures with very young children, behavior and compliance issues, the need for less didactic instruction and more incidental learning emphasis, and recognition of the home as the primary venue for language learning. A proposed communication assessment protocol is suggested, which includes the Infant-Toddler Meaningful Auditory Integration Scale, a scale to evaluate meaningful use of sound in everyday situations. A hierarchy of intervention techniques is presented along with specific teaching activities, based upon the skills assessed.
Fractionation and initial characterization of the kinetochore from mammalian metaphase chromosomes

We have partially isolated the kinetochore and associated centromeric structures from mammalian metaphase chromosomes. Human autoantibodies from scleroderma CREST (calcinosis, Raynaud's phenomenon, esophageal dysmotility, sclerodactyly, telangiectasia) patients were used as immunofluorescent probes to monitor fractionation. The procedure includes digestion of total chromosomal DNA with micrococcal nuclease, dehistonization with heparin, and dissociation of the remaining material with detergent and urea. We used a density gradient (metrizamide) to obtain an enriched fraction of stained material (kinetochore). When examined by electron microscopy, the kinetochore fraction is seen to contain numerous small immunoperoxidase-positive masses which are morphologically similar to the centromere/kinetochore region of intact metaphase chromosomes. The particulate fraction that contains kinetochore components represents less than 5% of total chromosomal proteins and contains less than 1% of total DNA. Two polypeptides of 18 and 80 kD were identified as kinetochore antigens by immunoblotting with CREST antiserum. In this paper we discuss the distribution of these kinetochore polypeptides with the associated centromeric chromatin.
Embryonic Stem Cell Growth Factors Regulate eIF2α Phosphorylation

Growth factors and transcription factors are well known to regulate pluripotent stem cells, but less is known about translational control in stem cells. Here, we use embryonic stem cells (ESCs) to investigate a connection between ESC growth factors and eIF2α-mediated translational control (eIF2α phosphorylation promotes protein expression from mRNAs with upstream open-reading frames, or uORFs). We find abundant phosphorylated P-eIF2α (P-eIF2α) in both pluripotent mouse and human ESCs, but little P-eIF2α in ESCs triggered to differentiate. We show that the growth factors LIF (leukemia inhibitory factor) and BMP4 (bone morphogenic protein 4) both maintain P-eIF2α in mESCs, but use distinct mechanisms: LIF inhibits an eIF2α phosphatase whereas BMP4 activates an eIF2α kinase. The mRNAs encoding the pluripotency factors Nanog and c-Myc possess uORFs while Oct4 mRNA does not. We find that salubrinal, a chemical that increases eIF2α phosphorylation, promotes Nanog and c-Myc expression, but not Oct4 expression. These experiments connect ESC growth factors to eIF2α phosphorylation and suggest a chemical substitute for LIF to enhance Nanog and c-Myc expression.
Workload Characterization for Software Aging Analysis

The phenomenon of software aging is increasingly recognized as a relevant problem of long-running systems. Numerous experiments have been carried out in the last decade to empirically analyze software aging. Such experiments, besides highlighting the relevance of the phenomenon, have shown that aging is tightly related to the applied workload. However, due to the differences among the experimented applications and among the experimental conditions, results of past studies are not comparable to each other. This prevent from drawing general conclusions (e.g., about the aging-workload relationship), and from comparing systems from the aging perspective. In this paper, we propose a procedure to carry out aging experiments in different applications for: i) assessing aging trend of the individual systems, as well as assessing differences among them (i.e., obtaining comparable results), ii) inferring workload-aging relationships from experiments performed on different applications, by highlighting the most relevant workload parameters. The procedure is applied, through a set of long-running experiments, to three real-scale software applications, namely Apache Web Server, James Mail Server, and CARDAMOM, a middleware for the development of air traffic control (ATC) systems.
Review of macrolides and ketolides: focus on respiratory tract infections.

The first macrolide, erythromycin A, demonstrated broad-spectrum antimicrobial activity and was used primarily for respiratory and skin and soft tissue infections. Newer 14-, 15- and 16-membered ring macrolides such as clarithromycin and the azalide, azithromycin, have been developed to address the limitations of erythromycin. The main structural component of the macrolides is a large lactone ring that varies in size from 12 to 16 atoms. A new group of 14-membered macrolides known as the ketolides have recently been developed which have a 3-keto in place of the L-cladinose moiety. Macrolides reversibly bind to the 23S rRNA and thus, inhibit protein synthesis by blocking elongation. The ketolides have also been reported to bind to 23S rRNA and their mechanism of action is similar to that of macrolides. Macrolide resistance mechanisms include target site alteration, alteration in antibiotic transport and modification of the antibiotic. The macrolides and ketolides exhibit good activity against gram-positive aerobes and some gram-negative aerobes. Ketolides have excellent activity versus macrolide-resistant Streptococcus spp. Including mefA and ermB producing Streptococcus pneumoniae. The newer macrolides, such as azithromycin and clarithromycin, and the ketolides exhibit greater activity against Haemophilus influenzae than erythromycin. The bioavailability of macrolides ranges from 25 to 85%, with corresponding serum concentrations ranging from 0.4 to 12 mg/L and area under the concentration-time curves from 3 to 115 mg/L x h. Half-lives range from short for erythromycin to medium for clarithromycin, roxithromycin and ketolides, to very long for dirithromycin and azithromycin. All of these agents display large volumes of distribution with excellent uptake into respiratory tissues and fluids relative to serum. The majority of the agents are hepatically metabolised and excretion in the urine is limited, with the exception of clarithromycin. Clinical trials involving the macrolides are available for various respiratory infections. In general, macrolides are the preferred treatment for community-acquired pneumonia and alternative treatment for other respiratory infections. These agents are frequently used in patients with penicillin allergies. The macrolides are well-tolerated agents. Macrolides are divided into 3 groups for likely occurrence of drug-drug interactions: group 1 (e.g. erythromycin) are frequently involved, group 2 (e.g. clarithromycin, roxithromycin) are less commonly involved, whereas drug interactions have not been described for group 3 (e.g. azithromycin, dirithromycin). Few pharmacoeconomic studies involving macrolides are presently available. The ketolides are being developed in an attempt to address the increasingly prevalent problems of macrolide-resistant and multiresistant organisms.
A Comprehensive Study of Feature Representations for Semantic Concept Detection

In this paper, we study the performance of global features and local features for the semantic concept detection problem, which is a crucial task for video indexing and retrieval applications. We have performed a comprehensive evaluation of these features on TRECVID datasets that are used in the concept detection benchmark from 2005 to 2009. The experimental results show that with appropriate choice of parameters, global features such as local binary patterns and edge orientation histogram can achieve reasonable performance compared with local features using BoW model while requiring fewer number of parameters to be tuned and lower computational cost. Furthermore, we also investigate on how to design a compact concept detection system that can balance between computational cost and accuracy.
Electric fish: new insights into conserved processes of adult tissue regeneration

Summary Biology is replete with examples of regeneration, the process that allows animals to replace or repair cells, tissues and organs. As on land, vertebrates in aquatic environments experience the occurrence of injury with varying frequency and to different degrees. Studies demonstrate that ray-finned fishes possess a very high capacity to regenerate different tissues and organs when they are adults. Among fishes that exhibit robust regenerative capacities are the neotropical electric fishes of South America (Teleostei: Gymnotiformes). Specifically, adult gymnotiform electric fishes can regenerate injured brain and spinal cord tissues and restore amputated body parts repeatedly. We have begun to identify some aspects of the cellular and molecular mechanisms of tail regeneration in the weakly electric fish Sternopygus macrurus (long-tailed knifefish) with a focus on regeneration of skeletal muscle and the muscle-derived electric organ. Application of in vivo microinjection techniques and generation of myogenic stem cell markers are beginning to overcome some of the challenges owing to the limitations of working with non-genetic animal models with extensive regenerative capacity. This review highlights some aspects of tail regeneration in S. macrurus and discusses the advantages of using gymnotiform electric fishes to investigate the cellular and molecular mechanisms that produce new cells during regeneration in adult vertebrates.
MENTAL STATE OF THE EPILEPTIC PATIENT

The development in epileptic patients of certain traits of character and types of behavior has been so striking that a group of psychiatrists look on the "epileptic personality" as the essential part of the disease. They have used it not only to account for the inability of the epileptic patient to adjust normally to society but even to explain the seizures themselves, which, to their minds, represent "simply a regressive and protective mechanism resorted to by an overstressed organism. " 1 Other psychiatrists and the majority of internists regard the peculiarities of the epileptic patient as reactions to environmental restrictions and prejudices, without taking recourse to "hereditary taint" or "constitutional make-up. " Such differences in point of view are of more than academic interest. To believe that the disease is a fundamental defect in personality, hereditary in nature, is to make all therapy palliative. On the other hand, if the affliction is
The Improved Method of Adaptive Frequency for Multi-sink Queries in Wireless Sensor Networks

One of the important applications of wireless sensor networks is in supervision systems in which the information of locations under the supervision of sensors is sent continuously to applicants. Due to the limitation of energy source in sensor nodes, designing the methods based on optimal consumption of energy in wireless sensor networks is of great importance. In this paper, based on query shared source, an improved method is proposed which is called IQSS (Improved Query Shared Source) to support more complex queries regarding the response message frequency. In addition, we have tried to balance the message dispatch overloading on shared nodes to increase the time of network connection, the aim of which is to prevent redundancy of data and reduce repetitive messages to increase the lifetime of wireless sensor networks. Simulations show that our method can save energy up to 18% compared with those previously applied when the queries have different frequencies.