Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Mystique: Accurate and Scalable Production AI Benchmarks Generation

—Building and maintaining large AI ﬂeets to efﬁ- ciently support the fast-growing DL workloads is an active research topic for modern cloud infrastructure providers. Gener- ating accurate benchmarks plays an essential role in the design and evaluation of rapidly evoloving software and hardware solutions in this area. Two fundamental challenges to make this process scalable are (i) workload representativeness and (ii) the ability to quickly incorporate changes to the ﬂeet into the benchmarks. To overcome these issues, we propose Mystique, an accurate and scalable framework for production AI benchmark generation. It leverages the PyTorch execution graph (EG), a new feature that captures the runtime information of AI models at the granularity of operators, in a graph format, together with their metadata. By sourcing EG traces from the ﬂeet, we can build AI benchmarks that are portable and representative. Mystique is scalable, with its lightweight data collection, in terms of runtime overhead and user instrumentation efforts. It is also adaptive, as the expressiveness and composability of EG format allows ﬂexible user control over benchmark creation. We evaluate our methodology on several production AI workloads, and show that benchmarks generated with Mystique closely resemble original AI models, both in execution time and system-level metrics. We also showcase the portability of the generated benchmarks across platforms, and demonstrate several use cases enabled by the ﬁne-grained composability of the execution graph.
Bag of DAGs: Inferring Directional Dependence in Spatiotemporal Processes

We propose a class of nonstationary processes to characterize space- and time-varying directional associations in point-referenced data. We are motivated by spatiotemporal modeling of air pollutants in which local wind patterns are key determinants of the pollutant spread, but information regarding prevailing wind directions may be missing or unreliable. We propose to map a discrete set of wind directions to edges in a sparse directed acyclic graph (DAG), accounting for uncertainty in directional correlation patterns across a domain. The resulting Bag of DAGs processes (BAGs) lead to interpretable nonstationarity and scalability for large data due to sparsity of DAGs in the bag. We outline Bayesian hierarchical models using BAGs and illustrate inferential and performance gains of our methods compared to other state-of-the-art alternatives. We analyze fine particulate matter using high-resolution data from low-cost air quality sensors in California during the 2020 wildfire season. An R package is available on GitHub.
Areas in which vacuum ultraviolet excilamps are used (Review)

This paper presents the results of using vacuum ultraviolet excilamps based on the excited inert-gas dimers Xe2* (172 nm), Kr2* (146 nm), and Ar2* (126 nm) in scientific research and commercial practice—namely, in illumination engineering and analytical instrumentation, for the creation of new optical materials, photochemistry, and the modification of surface properties.
Theory of Melting Based on Lattice Instability

A lattice instability which may be related to melting is proposed as follows: The energy of thermal vibration cannot exceed a critical value, because of anharmonicity, and the lattice may be unstable above the temperature corresponding to this critical energy. The effect of anharmonicity arises from the effective increase in interatomic distances due to the lattice vibrations. This increase is called "vibrational elongation. " The critical temperature of instability is written in terms of atomic volume, elastic constants, and the Gr\"uneisen parameter under the assumption of a linear dispersion relation, and is shown to be in fairly good agreement with the observed melting point. The Lindemann formula and the empirical law that the product of thermal expansivity and melting point is approximately constant are examined on the basis of the present theory. The thermal expansion and the elastic properties predicted by the theory up to the melting point are qualitatively consistent with the observed values.
Machine Learning-based Intrusion Detection for Smart Grid Computing: A Survey

Machine learning (ML)-based intrusion detection system (IDS) approaches have been significantly applied and advanced the state-of-the-art system security and defense mechanisms. In smart grid computing environments, security threats have been significantly increased as shared networks are commonly used, along with the associated vulnerabilities. However, compared to other network environments, ML-based IDS research in a smart grid is relatively unexplored, although the smart grid environment is facing serious security threats due to its unique environmental vulnerabilities. In this article, we conducted an extensive survey on ML-based IDS in smart grids based on the following key aspects: (1) The applications of the ML-based IDS in transmission and distribution side power components of a smart power grid by addressing its security vulnerabilities; (2) dataset generation process and its usage in applying ML-based IDSs in the smart grid; (3) a wide range of ML-based IDSs used by the surveyed papers in the smart grid environment; (4) metrics, complexity analysis, and evaluation testbeds of the IDSs applied in the smart grid; and (5) lessons learned, insights, and future research directions.
Role of Digital Healthcare in the Well-being of Elderly People: A Systematic Review

The delivery of quality healthcare services to the growing number of older people is a crucial concern for any country. Digital healthcare technologies may play an essential role in providing high-quality health services. In the case of elderly healthcare, such technologies are helping the elderly with accessible quality healthcare. This study identifies such research work where the elderly population is the primary user of the technologies related to the healthcare domain. We extracted the research articles from three databases: ACM Digital, IEEE and Science Direct, to conduct the systematic review. We used a web application to avoid biases in the research articles selection procedure and performed a quality assessment. The study selection process yielded fifteen research articles published between January 2011 to February 2022. This study investigates the various uses of digital interventions in elderly healthcare and provides a comprehensive overview of demographic information, study characteristics, research areas, significant challenges and future directions. Moreover, this study discusses the implications of the results and provides future recommendations. Hence, we believe this systematic review will be helpful for other researchers working in the field of elderly healthcare and similar research areas.
Implementation of an enhanced recovery program for complete cytoreductive surgery and hyperthermic intraperitoneal chemotherapy in a referral center: a case control prospective study

Abstract Objectives Current recommendations regarding enhanced recovery programs (ERPs) after complete cytoreductive surgery (CCRS) and hyperthermic intraperitoneal chemotherapy (HIPEC) are based on a low level of evidence. The aim of this study is to evaluate the effect of implementing an adapted ERP for CCRS and HIPEC in a referral center. Methods We conducted a study with a prospective group of 44 patients (post-ERP group) who underwent CCRS with HIPEC between July 2016 and June 2018, the period during which ERP was implemented. This group was compared to a second retrospective group of 21 patients who underwent CCRS with HIPEC between June 2015 and June 2016, during which ERP was not yet implemented (pre-ERP group). Results The ERP compliance rate was 65% in the post-ERP group. The hospital length of stay (HLS) was shorter in the post-ERP group: 24.9 days (IQR 11–68, pre-ERP group) vs. 16.1 days (IQR 6–45, post-ERP group), as was the major morbidity rate (pre-ERP group=33.3% vs. post-ERP group=20.5%). The nasogastric tube, urinary catheter and abdominal drains were all retrieved faster in the post-ERP group. Conclusions The implementation of an adapted ERP after CCRS with HIPEC procedures reduces morbidity and shortens the HLS.
RING MICROLASERS FROM CONDUCTING POLYMERS

We demonstrate pulsed, photopumped multimode laser emission in the visible spectral range from cylindrical microcavities formed by conducting polymer thin films deposited around optical fibers. The laser is characterized by narrow emission lines ({approximately}1.5cm{sup {minus}1}), a well-defined excitation threshold, anisotropic emission in both polarization and azimuthal intensity distribution, and high Q({ge}3000), which leads to a low excitation threshold of order 1 nJ/pulse. We observed two different sets of laser modes; these are waveguided ring modes in the polymer film and whispering gallery modes close to the optical fiber surface. {copyright} {ital 1997} {ital The American Physical Society}
World capital markets facing the first wave of COVID-19: Traditional event study versus sensitivity to new cases

Abstract The aim of the paper is to analyse the impact of the new coronavirus on financial markets. The sample comprises returns from 80 countries, across all regions and incomes for the period known as the first wave. By combining event study methodology and time series analysis of new COVID-19 cases it is found that the negative price effect is widespread but unequal across regions. It is also noted that the distribution of the impact is also uneven with a high concentration in the week after the first local case but especially in the weeks around the pandemic declaration. Finally, it has been shown at different levels how the markets most affected by the crisis are not necessarily the most sensitive to the virus.
A Broad-Band X-Ray Telescope Spectrum of the Massive X-Ray Binary X Persei

The Broad Band X-Ray Telescope, covering the 0.3-12 keV bandpass with moderate spectral resolution, observed the Be/X-ray binary X Per in 1990 December during the Astro-l mission on the Space Shuttle Columbia. The data obtained are the best to date to search for lines and edges. The data are well fitted by a power-law spectrum with a high-energy cutoff. A low value for the high-energy cutoff is found, implying a slightly weaker magnetic field strength for the X-ray pulsar. No iron line is present at about 6.5 keV with an equivalent width greater than 30-40 eV. The BBXRT observation corresponded to the 'off' state of X Per's recent 'phase change'.
A Simple, Efficient, and Novel Standalone Photovoltaic Inverter Configuration With Reduced Harmonic Distortion

This paper is put forward a novel photovoltaic (PV) inverter topology for maximum solar power utilization, which incorporates a new maximum power point tracking (MPPT) scheme based on shading pattern identification using the artificial neural network, single-input and multi-output (SIMO) converter, and multilevel inverter (MLI). The performance of the proposed MPPT scheme is benchmarked under partially shaded conditions. In continuation, the PV voltage is fed to the SIMO converter, where the converter produces four independent (V1, V2, V3 and V4) voltages with different magnitudes. The MLI converts the dc output voltage of the SIMO converter into ac to feed the utility, with reduced harmonic distortion. This MLI consists of eight switching devices and produces thirty one level ac output voltage with very less harmonic distortion. The salient feature associated with the proposed topology is that the proposed MPPT scheme extracts utmost power in any weather conditions and MLI feeds the utility. An experimental prototype is designed and developed to verify the performance of the proposed PV inverter topology. FPGA Spartan trainer kit is used to program pulses required for the MLI and converter of the proposed topology.
Multiple-element electrostatic lenses: II. A multiple disc lens

For pt.I see ibid., vol.1, no.8, p.738-46 (1990). The authors have constructed a cylindrical electrostatic lens using 31 discs, spaced at 0.1 diameter, mounted between two cylinders and have studied its focusing characteristics by both calculation and measurement. They apply potentials V1 and V3 to the cylinders, V2 to a group of contiguous discs, and potentials intermediate between V1 and V2 and between V2 and V3, to the discs between the cylinders and the contiguous group. This potential distribution differs from that used in calculations by Read and the authors make a detailed comparison of the available ranges of magnification and the spherical aberration coefficients of these two lens systems. The problems of the practical operation of multi-element lenses of this type suggest that they have limited application.
Plasma effects in a travelling wave tube

The effect of a plasma on a travelling wave tube comprising a sheath helix is studied. The plasma, taken to be (i) strongly magnetized or (ii) unmagnetized, allows a larger beam current to pass owing to charge and current neutralization. The beam excites an azimuthally symmetric slow wave via Cerenkov resonance. In the case of a strongly magnetized plasma when ωp>ω (where ωp is the plasma frequency), the amplitude of the axial electric field peaks on the axis and the phase velocity is suppressed, whereas for ωp<ω the field amplitude peaks at the helix surface and the phase velocity is enhanced. As a consequence, when a beam is placed close to the helix, the growth rate increases with ωp as long as ωp <ω and decreases with ωp when ωp>ω. In the case of an unmagnetized plasma, the mode is more strongly localized near the helix and the growth rate increases with ωp.
Multi-stage Markov analysis of progressive disease applied to melanoma

A fundamental research goal in clinical studies of progressive, multi-stage disease is to understand its natural history and its relationship with prognostic factors. Our current understanding of this topic is based on the use of two-stage methods for event-time analysis which neglect intermediate transition information. In contrast, a multi-stage model utilizes all available data and provides more accurate insight into disease progression. We specify a forward-flowing multi-stage Markov model based on the discrete clinical stages of disease. By assuming the process to be Markovian, we avoid unnecessary complications to our numerical estimation procedure. Due to noncontinuous patient monitoring and the chronic nature of progressive disease, heavy right- and interval-censoring exists in the transition data. We develop a modified ECM algorithm to numerically carry out the otherwise complicated parameter estimation for this process. We also identify significant prognostic factors relevant to each transition, along with the relative importance of each prognostic factor. The numerical estimation is stable, and the parameter estimates are maximum likelihood estimates (Meng, 1990). In general our forward-flowing multi-stage models provide a flexible framework for the study of the effects of prognostic factors on progression among several stages. We apply our Markov model to a dataset of malignant melanoma patients, and present an inferential discussion. Results from our multi-stage Markov model provide an improved understanding of melanoma progression.
Plant reproductive phenology along an elevation gradient in the extreme environment of the Canadian High Arctic

ABSTRACT Background The extreme environment of the Canadian High-Arctic is experiencing unprecedented climate change with temperatures rising at three times the global average. There is a compelling need to understand how the phenology of Arctic plants will respond. However, long-term High-Arctic phenology monitoring is challenging due to the region’s remoteness. Aim To predict phenological responses of Arctic plants to climate change using an elevation gradient with associated temperature gradient as a proxy for climate change. Methods Flowering and seed dispersal times of seven Arctic species were recorded along an elevation gradient on Ellesmere Island, Nunavut, Canada in 2015 and related to air temperature measured at plant height and growing day degree (GDD). Results Flowering and seed dispersal times were earliest at the warmest site. A significant relationship with temperature was observed in flowering times of five species and seed dispersal times of one species. Conspecifics experienced fewer GDD at peak flowering at the coldest site than at warmer sites. Conclusions Temperature gradient observations provide insights into phenology–temperature relationships that complement long-term monitoring and enhance our ability to understand the impacts of climate change in remote regions. However, potential species adaptation along the temperature gradient should be taken into account. This single summer of results should be viewed with caution.
Loss of Ptpmt1 limits mitochondrial utilization of carbohydrates and leads to muscle atrophy and heart failure in tissue-specific knockout mice

While mitochondria in different tissues have distinct preferences for energy sources, they are flexible in utilizing competing substrates for metabolism according to physiological and nutritional circumstances. However, the regulatory mechanisms and significance of metabolic flexibility are not completely understood. Here we report that the deletion of PTPMT1, a mitochondria-based phosphatase, critically alters mitochondrial fuel selection – the utilization of pyruvate, a key mitochondrial substrate derived from glucose (the major simple carbohydrate), is inhibited, whereas the fatty acid utilization is enhanced. PTPMT1 knockout does not impact the development of the skeletal muscle or heart. However, the metabolic inflexibility ultimately leads to muscular atrophy, heart failure, and sudden death. Mechanistic analyses reveal that the prolonged substrate shift from carbohydrates to lipids causes oxidative stress and mitochondrial destruction, which in turn results in marked accumulation of lipids and profound damage in the knockout muscle cells and cardiomyocytes. Interestingly, PTPMT1 deletion from the liver or adipose tissue does not generate any local or systemic defects. These findings suggest that PTPMT1 plays an important role in maintaining mitochondrial flexibility and that their balanced utilization of carbohydrates and lipids is essential for both the skeletal muscle and the heart despite the two tissues having different preferred energy sources.
Comparative transcriptome profiling provides insights into the growth promotion activity of Pseudomonas fluorescens strain SLU99 in tomato and potato plants

The use of biocontrol agents with plant growth-promoting activity has emerged as an approach to support sustainable agriculture. During our field evaluation of potato plants treated with biocontrol rhizobacteria, four bacteria were associated with increased plant height. Using two important solanaceous crop plants, tomato and potato, we carried out a comparative analysis of the growth-promoting activity of the four bacterial strains: Pseudomonas fluorescens SLU99, Serratia plymuthica S412, S. rubidaea AV10, and S. rubidaea EV23. Greenhouse and in vitro experiments showed that P. fluorescens SLU99 promoted plant height, biomass accumulation, and yield of potato and tomato plants, while EV23 promoted growth in potato but not in tomato plants. SLU99 induced the expression of plant hormone-related genes in potato and tomato, especially those involved in maintaining homeostasis of auxin, cytokinin, gibberellic acid and ethylene. Our results reveal potential mechanisms underlying the growth promotion and biocontrol effects of these rhizobacteria and suggest which strains may be best deployed for sustainably improving crop yield.
Sugar signaling modulates SHOOT MERISTEMLESS expression and meristem function in Arabidopsis

In plants, development of all above-ground tissues is controlled by the shoot apical meristem (SAM) which balances cell proliferation and differentiation to allow life-long growth. To maximize fitness and survival, meristem activity is adjusted to the prevailing conditions through a poorly understood integration of developmental signals with environmental and nutritional information. Here, we show that sugar signals influence SAM function by altering the protein levels of SHOOT MERISTEMLESS (STM), a key regulator of meristem maintenance. STM is less abundant in the inflorescence meristems of plants grown or treated under limiting light conditions, with lower STM levels correlating with lower sugar content in these meristems. Additionally, sucrose but not light is sufficient to sustain STM accumulation in excised inflorescences. Plants overexpressing the α1-subunit of SUCROSE-NON-FERMENTING1-RELATED KINASE 1 (SnRK1) accumulate less STM protein under optimal light conditions, despite higher sugar accumulation in the meristem. Furthermore, SnRK1α1 interacts physically with STM, suggesting a direct local repression. Surprisingly, silencing SnRK1α in the meristem leads to reduced STM expression and severe developmental phenotypes previously associated with STM loss-of-function. Altogether, we demonstrate that sugars promote STM accumulation and that the SnRK1 sugar sensor plays a dual role in the SAM, limiting STM abundance under unfavorable conditions but being required for overall meristem organization and integrity. This highlights the importance of sugars and SnRK1 signaling for the proper coordination of meristem activities.
H2A.X mutants exhibit enhanced DNA demethylation in Arabidopsis thaliana

H2A.X is an H2A variant histone in eukaryotes, unique for its ability to respond to DNA damage, initiating the DNA repair pathway. H2A.X replacement within the histone octamer is mediated by the FAcilitates Chromatin Transactions (FACT) complex, a key chromatin remodeler. FACT is required for DEMETER (DME)-mediated DNA demethylation at certain loci in Arabidopsis thaliana female gametophytes during reproduction, though it is not known how FACT targets DME sites. Here, we investigated whether H2AX is involved in DME- and FACT-mediated DNA demethylation during Arabidopsis reproduction. We show that h2a.x mutants are more sensitive to genotoxic stress, consistent with previous reports. H2A.X fused to the Green Fluorescent Protein (GFP) gene under the H2A.X promoter was highly expressed in newly developing Arabidopsis tissues, including in male and female gametophytes. We examined DNA methylation in h2a.x developing seeds using whole genome bisulfite sequencing, and found that CG DNA methylation in the developing endosperm, but not the embryo, is decreased genome-wide in h2a.x mutants, predominately in transposons and intergenic DNA. Hypomethylated sites overlapped 62 % with canonical DME loci. These data indicate that H2A.X is not required for DME function, but is important for DNA methylation homeostasis in the unique chromatin environment of Arabidopsis endosperm.