Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
A Novel Tournament Selection Based Differential Evolution Variant for Continuous Optimization Problems

Differential evolution (DE) is a powerful global optimization algorithm which has been studied intensively by many researchers in the recent years. A number of variants have been established for the algorithm that makes DE more applicable. However, most of the variants are suffering from the problems of convergence speed and local optima. A novel tournament based parent selection variant of DE algorithm is proposed in this research. The proposed variant enhances searching capability and improves convergence speed of DE algorithm. This paper also presents a novel statistical comparison of existing DE mutation variants which categorizes these variants in terms of their overall performance. Experimental results show that the proposed DE variant has significance performance over other DE mutation variants.
Degeneracy of the Dirac Equation with Electric and Magnetic Coulomb Potentials

Investigation is made of the symmetry and degeneracy of the Dirac equation for a Coulomb potential with a fixed center bearing both electric and magnetic charge. Seen from the viewpoint of classical mechanics, relativistic precession removes the accidental degeneracy of the nonrelativistic potential, and may be so severe as to lead to spiral rather than precessing elliptic orbits. The degeneracy may be restored by the introduction of a vector potential which combats the precession and leads to closed relativistic orbits. An angular momentum and a Runge vector are found for the ``symmetric'' potential for arbitrary values of electric and magnetic nuclear charges. A related symmetric Hamiltonian and constants of the motion may be constructed for the Dirac equation, which reduce to those of Biedenharn and Swamy in the absence of magnetic charge. Magnetic charge must be quantized—a requirement seen from the angular part of the wavefunction exactly as in the nonrelativistic problem. The Dirac Hamiltonian is si.
Syntax: A Functional-Typological Introduction

Background methodological preliminaries - communicative function and syntactic structure word classes simple sentences - predications and case-roles case-marking typology - subject, object and transitivity word-order typology information-theoretic preliminaries to discourse pragmatics tense-aspect-modality negation pronouns and grammatical agreement definiteness and referentiality.
Miniature V-Band Rat-Race Coupler in CMOS Using Cascaded Bridged-T Coils

In this article, the design of a miniature <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$V$ </tex-math></inline-formula>-band rat-race coupler in CMOS is presented. Through the employment of cascaded bridged-T coils in place of transmission line sections in conventional designs, a very compact circuit layout can be achieved through meandering the cascaded bridged-T coils. Also, in order to properly characterize the bridged-T coil design in CMOS, a new model extraction technique for lossy bridged-T coils is developed. The proposed model extraction technique is based on analytic equations only, and it can consider the frequency-dependent conductor and dielectric losses associated with a lossy bridged-T coil. With the aid of the proposed model extraction technique, a miniature <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$V$ </tex-math></inline-formula>-band rat-race coupler is realized using a commercial 0.18-<inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\mu \text{m}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> CMOS process. It features a circuit size of only <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$312\,\,\mu \text{m}\,\,\times 234\,\,\mu \text{m}$ </tex-math></inline-formula>, which corresponds to an electrical size of <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$0.062\lambda _{0} \times 0.047\lambda _{0}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> at 60 GHz. Good measured performance is obtained, and the measured bandwidth defined under an amplitude imbalance within 1.1 dB, a phase error within 5°, a return loss better than 15 dB, and an isolation better than 20 dB is from 55.2 to 60.9 GHz or 9.82%.
Loop groups and noncommutative geometry

We describe the representation theory of loop groups in terms of K-theory and noncommutative geometry. This is done by constructing suitable spectral triples associated with the level l projective unitary positive-energy representations of any given loop group $LG$. The construction is based on certain supersymmetric conformal field theory models associated with LG in the setting of conformal nets. We then generalize the construction to many other rational chiral conformal field theory models including coset models and the moonshine conformal net.
Maximum principles for boundary-degenerate linear parabolic differential operators

We develop weak and strong maximum principles for boundary-degenerate, linear, parabolic, second-order partial differential operators, $Lu := -u_t-\tr(aD^2u)-\langle b, Du\rangle + cu$, with \emph{partial} Dirichlet boundary conditions. The coefficient, $a(t,x)$, is assumed to vanish along a non-empty open subset, $\mydirac_0! \sQ$, called the \emph{degenerate boundary portion}, of the parabolic boundary, $\mydirac! \sQ$, of the domain $\sQ\subset\RR^{d+1}$, while $a(t,x)$ may be non-zero at points in the \emph{non-degenerate boundary portion}, $\mydirac_1! \sQ := \mydirac! \sQ\less\bar{\mydirac_0! \sQ}$. Points in $\mydirac_0! \sQ$ play the same role as those in the interior of the domain, $\sQ$, and only the non-degenerate boundary portion, $\mydirac_1! \sQ$, is required for boundary comparisons. We also develop comparison principles and a priori maximum principle estimates for solutions to boundary value and obstacle problems defined by boundary-degenerate parabolic operators, again where only the non-degenerate boundary portion, $\mydirac_1! \sQ$, is required for boundary comparisons. Our results complement those in our previous articles [arXiv1204.6613, arXiv:1305.5098].
Polymer infrared proximity sensor

A proximity sensor that combines a polymer light-emitting diode and a polymer photodiode is presented. The operation wavelength is in the near infrared from 700to850nm. The infrared emission is obtained by adding a color conversion film of polyvinylpyrrolidone polymer matrix blended with infrared dye 1,1-diethyl-2,2-dicarbocyanine iodide to a red polymer light-emitting diode. The photodetector relies on the direct charge-transfer exciton generation in a donor-acceptor polymer blend of poly(3-hexylthiophene) and (6,6)-phenyl-C61-butyric acid methyl ester. The detection distance is up to 19cm for objects with various colors and roughness under ambient indoor lighting.
Numerical Modeling of Wind Turbine Wakes

An aerodynamical model for studying three-dimensional flow fields about wind turbine rotors is presented. The developed algorithm combines a three-dimensional Navier-Stokes solver with a so-called actuator line technique in which the loading is distributed along lines representing the blade forces. The loading is determined iteratively using a bladeelement approach and tabulated airfoil data. Computations are carried out for a 500 kW Nordtank wind turbine equipped with three LM19.1 blades. The computations give detailed information about basic features of wind turbine wakes, including distributions of interference factors and vortex structures. The model serves in particular to analyze and verify the validity of the basic assumptions employed in the simple engineering models
Quantitative speeds of convergence for exposure to food contaminants

In this paper, we consider a class of piecewise-deterministic Markov processes modeling the quantity of a given food contaminant in the body. On the one hand, the amount of contaminant increases with random food intakes and, on the other hand, decreases thanks to the release rate of the body. Our aim is to provide quantitative speeds of convergence to equilibrium for the total variation and Wasserstein distances via coupling methods.
Fano schemes of determinants and permanents

Let $D_{m,n}^r$ and $P_{m,n}^r$ denote the subschemes of $\mathbb{P}^{mn-1}$ given by the $r\times r$ determinants (respectively the $r\times r$ permanents) of an $m\times n$ matrix of indeterminates. In this paper, we study the geometry of the Fano schemes $\mathbf{F}_k(D_{m,n}^r)$ and $\mathbf{F}_k(P_{m,n}^r)$ parametrizing the $k$-dimensional planes in $\mathbb{P}^{mn-1}$ lying on $D_{m,n}^r$ and $P_{m,n}^r$, respectively. We prove results characterizing which of these Fano schemes are smooth, irreducible, and connected; and we give examples showing that they need not be reduced. We show that $\mathbf{F}_1(D_{n,n}^n)$ always has the expected dimension, and we describe its components exactly. Finally, we give a detailed study of the Fano schemes of $k$-planes on the $3\times 3$ determinantal and permanental hypersurfaces.
An interactive virtual reality model for enhancing safety training in construction education

One of the main factors leading to fatalities in construction sites is the inefficiency of safety training programs. This article presents an immersive and interactive virtual reality (VR) model for safety training, which is an advanced and more comprehensive version of previously developed VR models in the literature. The novelty of this research is present in the proposed general safety training model that is fully immersive and interactive, that is built based on the concepts of experiential learning; where users learn from their mistakes rather than being passive learners in a virtual environment. The model, which was developed using the Unity® platform and C#, contains 12 scenario‐based hazards with programmed interactions and responses to the actions of the trainees. The developed model was tested for two aspects: (1) the ability to achieve learning outcomes and supersede traditional training, and (2) user experience and usability. Using an experimental setting and statistical tests, the developed model has shown statistical significance when it comes to its efficiency in enhancing hazard identification and mitigation skills as opposed to traditional training. The model also performed well in terms of usability and user experience, and important lessons were extracted for future VR development in construction education applications. This research strengthens the utility of VR as an effective tool for experiential learning; which enables future research in exploring how computer applications can improve experiential learning even further.
An Alternative Methodology for Blind Equalization

Abstract An alternative basis for blind equalization is presented which utilizes uniformly most powerful statistical tests as the cornerstone for generating candidate equalizer cost functions. In addition, general criteria for selecting admissible equalizer cost functions are provided, as well as a simple asymptotic figure-of-merit for comparing the performance that can be achieved with different equalizer cost functions. As an example of our methodology, we present specific cost functions for both PAM and QAM modulations which exhibit extremely rapid convergence properties.
Yohkoh Soft X-Ray Determination of Plasma Parameters in a Polar Coronal Hole

The Yohkoh Soft X-Ray Telescope (SXT) has been used to study the emission from a coronal hole surrounding the north pole of the Sun. Stronger emission from closed coronal structures in the line of sight can interfere with attempts to measure properties of coronal hole plasma. SXT observations indicate that the north polar region was free of such contamination on 1992 October 3. Measured X-ray intensities, corrected for background and scattered X-rays, are compared with a theoretical coronal hole model. They are found to be broadly consistent with the model predictions for variation of intensity with height and for limb brightening, although the electron density is lower than would be appropriate for model predictions based on solar maximum densities. Electron temperatures estimated by the filter ratio method are also consistent with the model and with an in situ estimate of the maximum electron temperature in the solar wind by the Ulysses ionic charge composition experiment.
UGAVs-MDVR: A Cluster-Based Multicast Routing Protocol for Unmanned Ground and Aerial Vehicles Communication in VANET

Unmanned ground vehicles (UGVs) are becoming the foremost part of rescue teams for protecting human lives from severe disasters and reducing human casualties by informing them about the risks ahead, such as mine detection and clearance. In mine detection, a centralized system is required so that the UGVs can communicate with each other efficiently to disseminate the mine detection messages (MDMs) to incoming vehicles of military and civilians. Therefore, in this piece of research, a novel unmanned ground and aerial vehicle (UGAV)-based mine-detection-vehicle routing (MDVR) protocol has been proposed, mainly for the mine detection and clearance teams using a vehicular ad hoc network (VANET). The protocol disseminates the MDMs using UGVs and unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) in combination to overcome the limitations of only inter-UGV communication. The proposed protocol performs cluster-based multicast communication in real time using UAVs so that the dynamic mobility of UGVs cannot affect the performance of MDM dissemination. Hence, the proposed scheme is adaptable because any failure in message delivery can cause a high level of destruction. The proposed cluster-based scheme can adapt to any real-time scenario by introducing the level-based cluster-head election scheme (LBCHE), which works concerning its assigned priority for reducing the delay incurred in MDMs dissemination. The simulation of the proposed protocol in the network simulator (NS) shows that the overhead and delay are reduced in MDMs dissemination. At the same time, the throughput, packet delivery ratio, and stability increased compared to the other competing protocols.
Legendrian singular links and singular connected sums

We study Legendrian singular links up to contact isotopy. Using a special property of the singular points, we define the singular connected sum of Legendrian singular links. This concept is a generalization of the connected sum and can be interpreted as a tangle replacement, which provides a way to classify Legendrian singular links. Moreover, we investigate several phenomena only occur in the Legendrian setup.
Convergence Rates from Yukawa to Coulomb Interaction in the Thomas-Fermi-von Weizs\"acker Model

We establish uniform convergence, with explicit rate, of the solution to the Thomas--Fermi--von Weizs\"acker (TFW) Yukawa model to the solution of the TFW Coulomb model, for general condensed nuclear configurations. As a consequence, we show the convergence of forces from the Yukawa to the Coulomb model. These results rely on an extension of Nazar \& Ortner (2015) to the Yukawa setting. Auxiliary results of independent interest shown also include new existence, uniqueness and stability results for the Yukawa ground state.
From Frequency Content to Signal Dynamics Using DNNs

This study developed a novel method for analyzing and decomposing a signal into its main dynamics for small and large timescales. Our proposal is based on a decoupled hybrid system of convolutional and recurrent neural networks that uses as inputs the power spectrum and spectrogram of a given signal, giving as output the dynamic behavior. We define the dynamic classification predicted of the signal using previously known dynamics characterized through training signals: periodic, quasi-periodic, aperiodic, chaotic, and randomness. We created a synthetic dataset comprising more than 50 training signals from different categories. For the real-world dataset, we used photoplethysmographic signals from 40 students obtained from a Spanish medical study. We tested the developed system’s performance in real biological and synthetical signals, obtaining noteworthy results. All the results are evaluated qualitatively and quantitatively. Still, given the novelty and the lack of similar works, we cannot compare reliably and rigorously our results with other works, at least quantitatively. We can retrieve from the exposed results in this work three key ideas: the DNN-based solutions are capable of learning and generalizing the dynamics behavior of signals; the proposal learned correctly to distinguish between the reference dynamics provided and find some unidirectional similarities in the aperiodicity cases; and the results obtained using real-world PPG signals reveal that biological signals seem to exhibit a multi-dynamic behavior that changes depending on the used timescale, being quasi-periodically dominant in the short-term and aperiodically dominant in the long-term.
Impurity transport in ITER-like plasmas

Neoclassical impurity transport is compared with transport calculated from the reactive drift wave model of turbulent transport for an ITER-like [R. Aymar, P. Barabaschi, and Y. Shimomura, Plasma Phys. Controlled Fusion 44, 519 (2002)] scenario. The turbulent transport is inward for both main ions and impurities, but the impurity ion inward transport is much weaker than the main ion inward transport. The neoclassical impurity transport is outward because of temperature screening. The total impurity transport, determined by a balance between turbulent and neoclassical transport, depends sensitively on the charge number of the impurity and the ratio of the ion density and temperature scale lengths, ηi.
Algorithm for dynamic object tracking

The purpose of this paper is to present a hierarchic processor architecture for the tracking of moving objects. Two goals are envisaged: the definition of a moving window for the target tracking, and multiresolution segmentation needed for scale independent target recognition. Memory windows in single processor systems obtained by software methods are limited in speed for high complexity images. In a multiprocessor system the limitation arises in bus or memory bottleneck. Highly concurrent system architectures have been studied and implemented as crossbar bus systems, multiple buses systems, or hypercube structures. Because of the complexity of these architectures and considering the particularities of image signals we suggest a hierarchic architecture that reduces the number of connections preserving the flexibility and which is well adapted for multiresolution algorithm implementations. The hierarchy is a quadtree. The solution is in using switched bus and block memory partition (granular image memory organization). To organize such an architecture in the first stage, the moving objects are identified in the camera field and the adequate windows are defined. The system is reorganized such as the computing power is concentrated in these windows. Image segmentation and motion prediction are accomplished. Motion parameters are interpreted to adapt the windows and to dynamically reorganize the system. The estimation of the motion parameters is done over low resolution images (top of the pyramid). Multiresolution image representation has been introduced for picture transmission and for scene analysis. The pyramidal implementation was elaborated for the evaluation of the image details at various scales. The multiresolution pyramid is obtained by low pass filtering and subsampling the intermediate result. The technique is applied over a limited range of scale. The multiresolution representations, as a consequence, are close to scale invariance. In the mean time image representation by wavelets allow scale to be implicit, that is why the wavelet transform is well adapted to evaluate the self similarity of the signals. The self similarity is the common point of wavelets and fractal signals. It is assumed that an image (signal) has fractal behavior if at several scales its `features'' show deterministic or statistical self-similarity or self-affinity. Texture analysis can be accomplished by fractal transform: each pixel of the original image is substituted by the value of the fractal dimension in its neighborhood. To evaluate the fractal dimension several techniques have been developed. It is necessary to compute the dimension of the set of points in the neighborhood of interest for a given range of resolutions. The slope of the approximated straight line in log/log plot of these values versus the unit of each scale is in linear dependence to the fractal dimension. It has been proven that fractal dimension can be evaluated from the ratio of the energies of the detail images in a multiresolution pyramid obtained by wavelet transform.
THE CHEMICAL COMPOSITIONS OF RR LYRAE TYPE C VARIABLE STARS

We present a detailed chemical abundance study of eight RR Lyrae variable stars of subclass c (RRc). The target RRc stars chosen for study exhibit “Blazhko-effect” period and amplitude modulations to their pulsational cycles. Data for this study were gathered with the echelle spectrograph of the 100 inch du Pont telescope at Las Campanas Observatory. Spectra were obtained throughout each star's pulsation cycle. Atmospheric parameters—effective temperature, surface gravity, microturbulent velocity, and metallicity—were derived at multiple phase points. We found metallicities and element abundance ratios to be constant within observational uncertainties over the pulsational cycles of all stars. Moreover, the α-element and Fe-group abundance ratios with respect to iron are consistent with other horizontal-branch members (RRab, blue and red non-variables). Finally, we have used the [Fe/H] values of these eight RRc stars to anchor the metallicity estimates of a large-sample RRc snapshot spectroscopic study being conducted with the same telescope and instrument combination employed here.
Hitting time, access time and optimal transport on graphs

Given a discrete source distribution $\mu$ and discrete target distribution $\nu$ on a common finite state space $\mathcal{X}$, we are tasked with transporting $\mu$ to $\nu$ using a given discrete-time Markov chain $X$ with the quickest possible time on average. We define the optimal transport time $H(\mu,\nu)$ as stopping rule of $X$ that gives the minimial expected transport time. This is also known as the access time from $\mu$ to $\nu$ of $X$ in [L. Lov\'{a}sz and P. Winkler. Efficient Stopping Rules for Markov Chains. Proceedings of the Twenty-seventh Annual ACM Symposium on Theory of Computing (STOC '95) 76-82. ]. We study bounds of $H(\mu,\nu)$ in various special graphs, which are expressed in terms of the mean hitting times of $X$ as well as parameters of $\mu$ and $\nu$ such as their moments. Among the Markov chains that we study, random walks on complete graphs is a good choice for transport as $H(\mu,\nu)$ grows linearly in $n$, the size of the state space, while that of the winning streak Markov chain exhibits exponential dependence in $n$.
Yang–Baxter integrable models in experiments: from condensed matter to ultracold atoms

The Yang–Baxter equation has long been recognised as the masterkey to integrability, providing the basis for exactly solved models which capture the fundamental physics of a number of realistic classical and quantum systems. In this article we provide an introductory survey of the impact of Yang–Baxter integrable models on experiments in condensed matter physics and ultracold atoms. A number of prominent examples are covered, including the hard-hexagon model, the Heisenberg spin chain, the transverse quantum Ising chain, a spin ladder model, the Lieb–Liniger Bose gas, the Gaudin–Yang Fermi gas and the two-site Bose–Hubbard model. The review concludes by pointing to some other recent developments with promise for further progress.