Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Combating hyperthermia in acute stroke: a significant clinical concern.

BACKGROUND Moderate elevations of brain temperature, when present during or after ischemia or trauma, may markedly worsen the resulting injury. We review these provocative findings, which form the rationale for our recommendation that physicians treating acute cerebral ischemia or traumatic brain injury diligently monitor their patients for incipient fever and take prompt measures to maintain core-body temperature at normothermic levels. SUMMARY OF REVIEW In standardized models of transient forebrain ischemia, intraischemic brain temperature elevations to 39 degrees C enhance and accelerate severe neuropathological alterations in vulnerable brain regions and induce damage to structures not ordinarily affected. Conversely, the blunting of even mild spontaneous postischemic hyperthermia confers neuroprotection. Mild hyperthermia is also deleterious in focal ischemia, particularly in reversible vascular occlusion. The action of otherwise neuroprotective drugs in ischemia may be nullified by mild hyperthermia. Even when delayed by 24 hours after an acute insult, moderate hyperthermia can still worsen the pathological and neurobehavioral outcome. Hyperthermia acts through several mechanisms to worsen cerebral ischemia. These include (1) enhanced release of neurotransmitters; (2) exaggerated oxygen radical production; (3) more extensive blood-brain barrier breakdown; (4) increased numbers of potentially damaging ischemic depolarizations in the focal ischemic penumbra; (5) impaired recovery of energy metabolism and enhanced inhibition of protein kinases; and (6) worsening of cytoskeletal proteolysis. Recent studies demonstrate the feasibility of direct brain temperature monitoring in patients with traumatic and ischemic injury. Moderate to severe brain temperature elevations, exceeding core-body temperature, may occur in the injured brain. Cerebral hyperthermia also occurs during rewarming after hypothermic cardiopulmonary bypass procedures. Several studies have now shown that elevated temperature is associated with poor outcome in patients with acute stroke. Finally, recent clinical trials in severe closed head injury have shown a beneficial effect of moderate therapeutic hypothermia. CONCLUSIONS The acutely ischemic or traumatized brain is inordinately susceptible to the damaging influence of even modest brain temperature elevations. While controlled clinical investigations will be required to establish the therapeutic efficacy and safety of frank hypothermia in patients with acute stroke, the available evidence is sufficiently compelling to justify the recommendation, at this time, that fever be combatted assiduously in acute stroke and trauma patients, even if "minor" in degree and even when delayed in onset. We suggest that body temperature be maintained in a safe normothermic range (eg, 36.7 degrees C to 37.0 degrees C [98.0 degrees F to 98.6 degrees F]) for at least the first several days after acute stroke or head injury.
Let's Move: Adding Arbitrary Mobility to WSN Testbeds

Research in the area of Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs) has been immense during the last years. Since highly resource-constrained, WSNs pose specific challenges to the design and implementation of protocols and algorithms. In order to test, compare, and verify the intended functionality of new approaches, performance evaluations must be conducted in a sound and credible manner. Instead of simulative evaluation, the WSN research community has mostly shown a preference towards experimental evaluation. Being especially important for the evaluation of routing protocols, node mobility is one of the more complex features to facilitate in testbeds. Robots have been the most common means for moving nodes so far, which, however, introduces more costs and limits reproducibility, scalability, and mobility patterns. We present a new software-based approach that essentially combines mobility modeling with link control. Mobility patterns taken from the mobility scenario generator BonnMotion are converted and replayed to create a virtual dynamic topology. Our approach drastically reduces costs, makes mobility reproducible and scalable, and enables the use of a variety of mobility models.
Anodal Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation Enhances Survival and Integration of Dopaminergic Cell Transplants in a Rat Parkinson Model

Abstract Restorative therapy concepts, such as cell based therapies aim to restitute impaired neurotransmission in neurodegenerative diseases. New strategies to enhance grafted cell survival and integration are still needed to improve functional recovery. Anodal direct current stimulation (DCS) promotes neuronal activity and secretion of the trophic factor BDNF in the motor cortex. Transcranial DCS applied to the motor cortex transiently improves motor symptoms in Parkinson’s disease (PD) patients. In this proof-of-concept study, we combine cell based therapy and noninvasive neuromodulation to assess whether neurotrophic support via transcranial DCS would enhance the restitution of striatal neurotransmission by fetal dopaminergic transplants in a rat Parkinson model. Transcranial DCS was applied daily for 20 min on 14 consecutive days following striatal transplantation of fetal ventral mesencephalic (fVM) cells derived from transgenic rat embryos ubiquitously expressing GFP. Anodal but not cathodal transcranial DCS significantly enhanced graft survival and dopaminergic reinnervation of the surrounding striatal tissue relative to sham stimulation. Behavioral recovery was more pronounced following anodal transcranial DCS, and behavioral effects correlated with the degree of striatal innervation. Our results suggest anodal transcranial DCS may help advance cell-based restorative therapies in neurodegenerative diseases. In particular, such an assistive approach may be beneficial for the already established cell transplantation therapy in PD.
Shape Memory Polymer-Based Sealant for a Compression Sealed Joint

AbstractIn this paper, the authors report a case study of synthesis, fabrication, programming, installation, and performance monitoring of a shape memory polymer (SMP) based smart sealant for compression sealed joint in a concrete pavement. Two types of SMPs were synthesized and SMP panels were fabricated. Panels made of one type of SMP were programmed by one-dimensional (1D) stress condition, and panels from the other type of SMP were programmed either by two-dimensional (2D) stress condition or by 1D stress condition, leading to a total of three types of programmed SMP panels. The programmed panels were then installed in two compression sealed joints on a service concrete pavement. The two joints have been monitored for over two years. No evidence of failure has been found.
Genetics of Bleeding Disorders

Abstract Genetic bleeding disorders form an important presentation among various genetic disorders occurring in children. A prevalence of 6 per 100,000 population has been reported in India. Bleeding disorders constitute a heterogenous group of disorders with varying clinical presentations. The common bleeding disorders are Hemophilia A and B, von Willebrand disease, and inherited thrombocytopenias. In addition, there are a number of other defects of coagulation pathway and platelet function, about which only limited knowledge is available. This review article attempts to organize the information available regarding the clinical presentations, molecular defects and methods available for molecular diagnosis of these disorders.
Current applications of flow cytometry in the diagnosis of primary immunodeficiency diseases.

CONTEXT To review the applications of flow cytometry in the diagnosis and management of primary immunodeficiency disease. DATA SOURCES Articles describing the use of flow cytometry in the diagnosis of several primary immunodeficiency diseases were obtained through the National Library of Medicine database. STUDY SELECTION Publications that described novel and known applications of flow cytometry in primary immunodeficiency disease were selected. Review articles were included. Articles describing the different immunodeficiency diseases and methods of diagnosis were also selected. DATA EXTRACTION Approximately 100 data sources were analyzed, and those with the most relevant information were selected. DATA SYNTHESIS The diagnosis of many primary immunodeficiency diseases requires the use of several laboratory tests. Flow cytometry has become an important part of the workup of individuals suspected to have such a disorder. Knowledge of the pathogenesis of many of these diseases continues to increase, hence we acquire a better understanding of the laboratory tests that may be helpful in diagnosis. CONCLUSIONS Flow cytometry is applicable in the initial workup and subsequent management of several primary immunodeficiency diseases. As our understanding of the pathogenesis and management of these diseases increases, the use of many of these assays may become routine in hospitals.
Microbial symbionts: a resource for the management of insect‐related problems

Microorganisms establish with their animal hosts close interactions. They are involved in many aspects of the host life, physiology and evolution, including nutrition, reproduction, immune homeostasis, defence and speciation. Thus, the manipulation and the exploitation the microbiota could result in important practical applications for the development of strategies for the management of insect‐related problems. This approach, defined as ‘Microbial Resource Management’ (MRM), has been applied successfully in various environments and ecosystems, as wastewater treatments, prebiotics in humans, anaerobic digestion and so on. MRM foresees the proper management of the microbial resource present in a given ecosystem in order to solve practical problems through the use of microorganisms. In this review we present an interesting field for application for MRM concept, i.e. the microbial communities associated with arthropods and nematodes. Several examples related to this field of applications are presented. Insect microbiota can be manipulated: (i) to control insect pests for agriculture; (ii) to control pathogens transmitted by insects to humans, animals and plants; (iii) to protect beneficial insects from diseases and stresses. Besides, we prospect further studies aimed to verify, improve and apply MRM by using the insect–symbiont ecosystem as a model.
Structure of the unitary valuation algebra

S. Alesker has shown that if $G$ is a compact subgroup of O(n) acting transitively on the unit sphere $S^{n-1}$ then the vector space $Val^G$ of continuous, translation-invariant, $G$-invariant convex valuations on $R^n$ has the structure of a finite dimensional graded algebra over $R$ satisfying Poincare duality. We show that the kinematic formulas for $G$ are determined by the product pairing. Using this result we then show that the algebra $Val^{U(n) }$ is isomorphic to $R[s,t]/(f_{n+1}, f_{n+2})$, where $s,t$ have degrees 2 and 1 respectively, and the polynomial $f_i$ is the degree $i$ term of the power series $\log(1 + s +t)$.
Planar optics with wavelength-scale high contrast gratings

In recent years, the emergence of a new type of sub-wavelength dielectric grating with a high refractive index contrast, typically referred to as high contrast grating, and its simple fabrication procedure have given rise to numerous applications in integrated photonics and optoelectronics. The on-going demand for miniaturised planar devices in the near-infrared spectral range and the compatibility with standard processing techniques motivated us to explore the intriguing resonance effects in high contrast gratings for the application as broadband mirrors, reflective lenses, and as part of static and tuneable Fabry-Perot cavities. We chose amorphous silicon as the high refractive index material. The characteristics of grating mirrors were analysed numerically and measured experimentally, confirming their suitability for use as focussing reflectors and cavity mirrors in a Fabry-Perot interferometer. As a result, a new type of reflective diffractive lens incorporating multiple phase jumps was designed, fabricated, and experimentally tested, and showed improved performance in terms of numerical aperture compared to other devices in the literature. Furthermore, initial experiments by integrating arrays of such lenses with a microfluidic platform showed an application potential in the area of large-scale optical trapping. In an attempt to develop functional wavelength-selective filters utilising high contrast gratings and microelectromechanical systems, we investigated static cavities based on metals and gratings, which included simulation, development of the fabrication process, and optical characterisation. Following these proof-of-principle studies and the computational analysis of the mechanical behaviour of flexible membrane designs, the challenge in making tuneable devices was to fabricate a fully working tuneable filter and its characterisation. Overall, this thesis contributes to the field of integrated and planar silicon photonics by addressing the design and the performance aspects of high contrast grating lenses with high numerical aperture as well as addressing key challenges in the fabrication of tuneable filters.
Stress Emotion Recognition Based on RSP and EMG Signals

To recognize the stress emotion, a subject was put alternately in periods of high and low stress by configuring the speed and difficulty of a game named Tetris. The respiration (RSP) signal and the electromyogram (EMG) signal with different stress level were then acquired. After preprocessing, the mathematical features were calculated and automatic detection of stress level based on Fisher linear discriminant classifier was realized. The results show that the average correct detection rate of stress level based on the EMG signal can reach 97.8%. That of the RSP signal is only 86.7%. The EMG signal is more effective than the RSP signal in detection of stress level. Union of multiple physiological signals can effectively improve the correct detection rate.
Physical processes of compaction companion report 1 to simulation of geothermal subsidence

There are a variety of theories, techniques, and parameters in the subsidence literature. Biot's theory, Terzaghi's theory, and the theory of interacting continua (TINC) are used to explain solid-fluid interaction; stress-strain theories range from linear elastic to e-log p to plasticity and pore-collapse theories. Parameters are numerous: void ratio,, permeability, compaction coefficient, pore compressibility, Young's modulus, bulk modulus, shear modulus, Poisson's ratio, Lame coefficients, coefficient of consolidation, and storage coefficient. The physical processes which govern compaction and deformation in geothermal systems are reviewed. The review is an attempt to provide a reasonably coherent general structure for the theories and parameters which were referred to above. The materials presented is a compendium of existing published work.
Synthesis of crossed dipole frequency selective surfaces using genetic algorithms and artificial neural networks

This work presents the synthesis of crossed dipole frequency selective surfaces (FSSs) using a genetic algorithm (GA) whose fitness function is composed by an artificial neural network (ANN). The ANN model was trained by the Resilient Backpropagation (RPROP) algorithm, through the use of accurate data provided by a parametric study developed to investigate some of the geometric parameters of the FSSs. The founded advantages in the design of FSS devices using this optimization technique are discussed and the results are compared to those obtained with simulations using the Ansoft Designer™ commercial software, which is based on the method of moments (MoM).
Key principles for user-centred systems design

The concept of user-centred systems design (UCSD) has no agreed upon definition. Consequently, there is a great variety in the ways it is applied, which may lead to poor quality and poor usability in the resulting systems, as well as misconceptions about the effectiveness of UCSD. The purpose of this paper is to propose a definition of UCSD. We have identified 12 key principles for the adoption of a user-centred development process, principles that are based on existing theory, as well as research in and experiences from a large number of software development projects. The initial set of principles were applied and evaluated in a case study and modified accordingly. These principles can be used to communicate the nature of UCSD, evaluate a development process or develop systems development processes that support a user-centred approach. We also suggest activity lists and some tools for applying UCSD.
A linearized, low-phase-noise VCO-based 25-GHz PLL with autonomic biasing

This paper describes a new approach to low-phasenoise LC VCO design based on transconductance linearization of the active devices. A prototype 25 GHz VCO based on this linearization approach is integrated in a dual-path PLL and achieves superior performance compared to the state of the art. The design is implemented in 32 nm SOI CMOS technology and achieves a phase noise of - 130 dBc/Hz at a 10 MHz offset from a 22 GHz carrier. Additionally, the paper introduces a new layout approach for switched capacitor arrays that enables a wide tuning range of 23%. More than 1500 measurements of the PLL across PVT variations were taken, further validating the proposed design. Phase noise variation across 55 dies for four different frequencies is σ < 0.6 dB. Also, phase noise variation across supply voltages of 0.7-1.5 V is 2 dB and across 60 °C temperature variation is 3 dB. At the 25 GHz center frequency, the VCO FOMT is 188 dBc/Hz. Additionally, a digitally assisted autonomic biasing technique is implemented in the PLL to provide a phase noise and power optimized VCO bias across frequency and process. Measurement results indicate the efficacy of the autonomic biasing scheme.
Recovery of Intrinsic and Extrinsic Camera Parameters using Perspective Views of Rectangles

This paper concerns the recovery of intrinsic and extrinsic camera parameters using perspective views of rectangles. Several algorithms are described. The intrinsic parameters (aspect ratio, effective focal length, and the principal point) are determined in closed-form using a minimum of four views. The recovery of the intrinsic parameters and the rotation angles is independent of the size of the rectangles. The absolute translation is recovered by knowing either the length of one side of the rectangle or the area of the rectangle or any other absolute information. The new method for recovering extrinsic parameters is shown to be significantly more robust than the widely used method based on vanishing points. Experiments with both synthetic and real images are presented.
The Sodium-Alanine Interaction in Rabbit Ileum Efect of alanine on sodium fluxes

The interaction between Na transfer and alanine transfer across the mucosal border of rabbit ileum has been studied further by examining the effect of alanine on Na movement. Studies on strips of mucosa treated with ouabain showed that net Na movements against a Na concentration difference could be caused by a concentration difference of alanine. Na extrusion from mucosal cells was demonstrated when cellular alanine concentration exceeded that in the external medium. Conversely, the cells took up Na against a concentration difference when external alanine concentration was greater than cellular concentration. Unidirectional Na efflux from the cells toward the mucosal solution was increased by loading the cells with alanine. The relation between the increment in Na efflux and alanine efflux was approximately that predicted by the model of Curran et al. (reference 2) for the Na-alanine interaction at the mucosal border of the cells. The results offer further indication that the transport system is reversible and symmetrical. Previous studies from this laboratory have examined certain aspects of the relation between Na fluxes and alanine fluxes across the mucosal border of rabbit ileum. Several points have been established: (a) Alanine influx from the mucosal solution into the cells depends on Na concentration in the external solution but not on Na concentration in the cells (1). (b) The presence of alanine in the mucosal solution causes an increase in Na influx and the increment in Na influx per unit alanine influx varies with Na concentration (2). (c) Alanine influx is not markedly altered by metabolic inhibitors or by ouabain (3). (d) Alanine efflux from the cells to the mucosal solution is influenced by cellular Na concentration (4). (e) The direction of net alanine transfer between the cells and the bathing medium is determined, at least in part, by the direction of the Na concentration difference (4). In mucosal strips treated with cyanide or ouabain, alanine is extruded from the cells against a concentration difference if cell Na concentration exceeds that in the external medium. Conversely if cell Na concentration is less than external concentration, alanine enters the cells against a concentration difference.
Maximum cardinality matchings on trees by randomized local search

To understand the working principles of randomized search heuristics like evolutionary algorithms they are analyzed on optimization problems whose structure is well-studied. The idea is to investigate when it is possible to simulate clever optimization techniques for combinatorial optimization problems by random search. The maximum matching problem is well suited for this approach since long augmenting paths do not allow immediate improvements by local changes. It is known that randomized search heuristics like simulated annealing, the Metropolis algorithm, the (1+1) EA and randomized local search efficiently approximate maximum matchings for any graph; however, there are graphs where they fail to find maximum matchings in polynomial time. In this paper, we examine randomized local search (RLS) for graphs whose structure is simple. We show that RLS finds maximum matchings on trees in expected polynomial time.
Preliminary in vitro investigation of the potential health effects of Optisol™, a nanoparticulate manganese modified titanium dioxide UV-filter used in certain sunscreen products

With increasing concern about skin damage resulting from overexposure to the sun, sunscreens producers have developed formulations designed to provide effective protection when applied as directed to the skin. Some of these formulations are based on nanoparticulate titanium dioxide which can offer UV protection alone or in combination with organic UV absorbers. This paper compares the potential health effects/hazards of a modified titanium dioxide, Optisol™, in comparison with other commercially available nanoparticulate titanium dioxides. An in vitro screening strategy led to in vitro tests for skin irritation, cytotoxicity, phototoxicity, and genotoxicity. In addition, Optisol™ was evaluated for any eye irritation potential according to the HET-CAM test. None of the titanium dioxide samples tested positive in any of the in vitro studies reported here. Therefore, these samples do not appear to present any significant human hazard as a result of dermal exposure when included as a component of sunscreen formulations.