Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Deficient Mechanical Activation of Anabolic Transcripts and Post-Traumatic Cartilage Degeneration in Matrilin-1 Knockout Mice

Matrilin-1 (Matn1), a cartilage-specific peri-cellular and extracellular matrix (ECM) protein, has been hypothesized to regulate ECM interactions and transmit mechanical signals in cartilage. Since Matn1 knock-out (Matn1-/-) mice exhibit a normal skeleton, its function in vivo is unclear. In this study, we found that the anabolic Acan and Col2a transcript levels were significantly higher in wildtype (Matn1+/+) mouse cartilage than that of MATN1-/- mice in vivo. However, such difference was not observed between Matn1+/+ and MATN1-/- chondrocytes cultured under stationary conditions in vitro. Cyclic loading significantly stimulated Acan and Col2a transcript levels in Matn1+/+ but not in MATN1-/- chondrocytes. This suggests that, while Matn1+/+ chondrocytes increase their anabolic gene expression in response to mechanical loading, the MATN1-/- chondrocytes fail to do so because of the deficiency in mechanotransduction. We also found that altered elastic modulus of cartilage matrix in Matn1-/- mice, suggesting the mechanotransduction has changed due to the deficiency of Matn1. To understand the impact of such deficiency on joint disease, mechanical loading was altered in vivo by destabilization of medial meniscus. While Matn1+/+ mice exhibited superficial fissures and clefts consistent with mechanical damage to the articular joint, Matn1-/- mice presented more severe cartilage lesions characterized by proteoglycan loss and disorganization of cells and ECM. This suggests that Matn1 deficiency affects pathogenesis of post-traumatic osteoarthritis by failing to up-regulate anabolic gene expression. This is the first demonstration of Matn1 function in vivo, which suggests its protective role in cartilage degeneration under altered mechanical environment.
Domestic vs outbound booking and channel choice behavior: evidence from New Zealand

Purpose – This paper seeks to analyze the extent to which New Zealand domestic and outbound travelers' book components of their trip in advance or at their destination and to explore the factors that influence this. Furthermore, the paper compares the distribution channels used by domestic and outbound travelers to purchase different travel products and to examine why these channels have been selected.Design/methodology/approach – The study involves the collection and analysis of data on the profiles, trip characteristics and distribution behavior of domestic and outbound travelers based on a nationwide telephone survey of 1,000 respondents.Findings – Little variation was found in the profile characteristics of domestic and outbound travelers but significant differences occurred in terms of the trip characteristics, the extent of booking in advance and at the destination, reasons why advance bookings were not made, how bookings were made and the channels used all exhibited significant differences accordin.
Race, Socioeconomic Status, and Health in Life-Course Perspective

Racial disparities in health have been well documented over the past several decades. Most of the research on racial disparities has focused primarily on comparisons of Blacks and Whites—and this special issue is no exception—for two reasons. First, Blacks and Whites currently constitute the vast majority of the population, approximately 85% (Grieco and Cassidy 2001). To be sure, persons claiming Hispanic ethnicity constitute an increasing proportion of the population, but many Hispanics claim White or Black as their racial group. Second, some of the largest health disparities in the United States are between Blacks and Whites. For example, in 2000, life expectancy at birth for Whites was 77.6 years, but it was 71.9 years for Blacks, a gap of about 6 years and the largest gap that exists between Whites and any other race in the United States (National Center for Health Statistics 2006). Socioeconomic disparities in health, like racial disparities, are remarkable and have also been thoroughly documented over the past several decades, beginning with Kitagawa and Hauser’s (1973) seminal study of education-based mortality differences in the United States. Since that study, research has consistently shown that socioeconomic status (SES), whether the construct is measured by education or income (or sometimes occupation), is one of the strongest predictors of health and mortality among all variables used in social science. Linking SES and race has been a growing focus of research on racial inequalities in health over the past few decades. It has long been assumed, and is now established, that a sizable proportion of the Black-White disparity Research on Aging Volume 30 Number 2 March 2008 127-136 © 2008 Sage Publications 10.1177/0164027507312086 http://roa.sagepub. com hosted at http://online.sagepub. com
Domain wall roughness and creep in nanoscale crystalline ferroelectric polymers

We report piezo-response force microscopy studies of the static and dynamic properties of domain walls (DWs) in 11 to 36 nm thick films of crystalline ferroelectric poly(vinylidene-fluoride-trifluorethylene). The DW roughness exponent ζ ranges from 0.39 to 0.48 and the DW creep exponent μ varies from 0.20 to 0.28, revealing an unexpected effective dimensionality of ∼1.5 that is independent of film thickness. Our results suggest predominantly 2D ferroelectricity in the layered polymer and we attribute the fractal dimensionality to DW deroughening due to the correlations between the in-plane and out-of-plane polarization, an effect that can be exploited to achieve high lateral domain density for developing nanoscale ferroelectrics-based applications.
Binocular summation in the fovea and peripheral field of anisometropic amblyopes

Purpose. Binocular performance in the central and peripheral visual fields was compared for normal and anisometropic amblyopes. Methods. Binocular and monocular thresholds to a light detection task were measured along the four principal meridia in 10 young normal subjects and 10 anisometropic amblyopes using the Humphrey's Visual Field Analyser. Thresholds were obtained at the fovea and at retinal eccentricities of 5º, 10º, 15º, 25º, 40º and 55º on the horizontal, vertical and oblique meridia of 45º and 135º. Results. Binocular summation ratios (binocular sensitivity/ 'best' monocular sensitivity) were calculated for all the eccentricities. In the normal group, the mean binocular summation ratio for the fovea and the peripheral field was not significantly different. In the amblyopic group, subjects showed no or minimal binocular summation in the foveal region but reached normal ratios in the periphery. Discussion. Results are discussed in terms of tolerance to interocular sensitivity differences in the periphery and selective losses in cortical cells.
THE PHASES DIFFERENTIAL ASTROMETRY DATA ARCHIVE. III. LIMITS TO TERTIARY COMPANIONS

The Palomar High-precision Astrometric Search for Exoplanet Systems (PHASES) monitored 51 subarcsecond binary systems to evaluate whether tertiary companions as small as Jovian planets orbited either the primary or secondary stars, perturbing their otherwise smooth Keplerian motions. Twenty-one of those systems were observed 10 or more times and show no evidence of additional companions. A new algorithm is presented for identifying astrometric companions and establishing the (companion mass)–(orbital period) combinations that can be excluded from existence with high confidence based on the PHASES observations, and the regions of mass–period phase space being excluded are presented for 21 PHASES binaries.
Understanding the heterogeneity of entrepreneurship education: going beyond Gartner

– This paper seeks to draw attention to the importance of appreciating and using ever‐present diversity to achieve increased legitimacy for entrepreneurship education. As such, it aims to draw the reader into a reflective process of discovery as to why entrepreneurship education is important and how such importance can be prolonged. , – The paper revisits Gartner's 1985 conceptual framework for understanding the complexity of entrepreneurship. The paper proposes an alternative framework based on the logic of Gartner's framework to advance the understanding of entrepreneurship education. The authors discuss the dimensions of the proposed framework and explain the nature of the dialogic relations contained within. , – It is argued that the proposed conceptual framework provides a new way to understand ever‐present heterogeneity related to the development and delivery of entrepreneurship education. , – The paper extends an invitation to the reader to audit their own involvement and proximity to entrepreneurship education. It argues that increased awareness of the value that heterogeneity plays in student learning outcomes and programme branding is directly related to the presence of heterogeneity across the dimensions of the conceptual framework. , – The paper introduces a simple yet powerful means of understanding what factors contribute to the success or otherwise of developing and delivering entrepreneurship education. The simplicity of the approach suggested provides all entrepreneurship educators with the means to audit all facets of their programme.
Evidence for adaptive evolution of low-temperature stress response genes in a Pooideae grass ancestor

Adaptation to temperate environments is common in the grass subfamily Pooideae, suggesting an ancestral origin of cold climate adaptation. Here, we investigated substitution rates of genes involved in low-temperature-induced (LTI) stress responses to test the hypothesis that adaptive molecular evolution of LTI pathway genes was important for Pooideae evolution. Substitution rates and signatures of positive selection were analyzed using 4330 gene trees including three warm climate-adapted species (maize (Zea mays), sorghum (Sorghum bicolor), and rice (Oryza sativa)) and five temperate Pooideae species (Brachypodium distachyon, wheat (Triticum aestivum), barley (Hordeum vulgare), Lolium perenne and Festuca pratensis). Nonsynonymous substitution rate differences between Pooideae and warm habitat-adapted species were elevated in LTI trees compared with all trees. Furthermore, signatures of positive selection were significantly stronger in LTI trees after the rice and Pooideae split but before the Brachypodium divergence (P < 0.05). Genome-wide heterogeneity in substitution rates was also observed, reflecting divergent genome evolution processes within these grasses. Our results provide evidence for a link between adaptation to cold habitats and adaptive evolution of LTI stress responses in early Pooideae evolution and shed light on a poorly understood chapter in the evolutionary history of some of the world's most important temperate crops.
Acculturation Attitudes in Plural Societies

Dans les societes culturellement diversifies, les individus peuvent presenter des attitudes relatives a leurs relations avec les autres et les groupes. Ces attitudes (dites “attitudes d'acculturation”) sont liees a des prises de position sur deux problemes generaux poses a toute personne en acculturation: la preservation culturelle de son propre groupe et le contact avec les autres groupes. On definit les attitudes d'assimilation, d'integration, de separation et de marginalisation, puis on les mesure dans plusieurs groupes en acculturation d'Australie et du Canada (les indigenes, les immigrants et les groupes ethniques implantes). On donne la validite et la fidelite des echelles d'attitude, puis on analyse les relations des echelles entre elles par rapport aux deux problemes sous-jacents que sont la preservation et le contact. Enfin, quelques-unes des applications pratiques des attitudes d'acculturation sont envisagees.
TONE SANDHI IN TAIWANESE

Taiwanese can be described as a monosyllabic language. Generally speaking, each monosyllabic morpheme can be regarded as having two forms: an isolated form and a combined form. That is, each morpheme has a tone when standing alone, and may carry another tone when occurring in combination with other syllable or syllables. Following the feeling of the native speakers, this paper treats the former as the inherent tone and the latter as the derived one, or the former as the basic tone and the latter as the tone resulting from morphophonemic change. As a rule, a syllable before "open juncture" keeps its inherent tone. Otherwise, the tone changes into another according to morphophonemic rules. There is a class of morphemes which, instead of keeping their inherent
Impairment of Hepcidin Upregulation by Lipopolysaccharide in the Interleukin-6 Knockout Mouse Brain

To find out whether the Interleukin-6 (IL-6)/signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) signaling pathway is involved in the expression of hepcidin in the mouse brain in vivo, we investigated the phosphorylation of STAT3, as well as the expression of hepcidin mRNA, ferroportin 1 (Fpn1) and ferritin light chain (Ft-L) proteins in the cortex and hippocampus of LPS-treated wild type (IL-6+/+) and IL-6 knockout (IL-6-/-) mice. We demonstrated that IL-6 knockout could significantly reduce the response of hepcidin mRNA, phospho-STAT3, Fpn1 and Ft-L protein expression to LPS treatment, in both the cortex and hippocampus of mice. Also, Stattic, an inhibitor of STAT3, significantly reduced the expression of phospho-STAT3 and hepcidin mRNA in the cortex and hippocampus of the LPS-treated wild type mice. These findings provide in vivo evidence for the involvement of the IL-6/STAT3 signaling pathway in the expression of hepcidin.
Multilingualism and Multiculturalism in Ishmael Reed’s Japanese by Spring

In this essay, I examine Ishmael Reed’s Japanese By Spring in light of the growing interest in bi- and multilingualism in US literary criticism. I focus on the line of inquiry in this emergent critical interest that sees multilingualism as a corrective to the shortcomings of multiculturalism based on the idea that language is a matter of voluntary affiliation. By employing Pierre Bourdieu’s notion of linguistic capital to trace a racialized subject’s desire for linguistic capital and the intersections of language and race in the novel, I argue that Japanese By Spring attends to a substantial oversight in this approach to linguistic pluralism.
Chronic motor dysfunction after stroke: recovering wrist and finger extension by electromyography-triggered neuromuscular stimulation.

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE After stroke, many individuals have chronic unilateral motor dysfunction in the upper extremity that severely limits their functional movement control. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of electromyography-triggered neuromuscular electrical stimulation on the wrist and finger extension muscles in individuals who had a stroke > or = 1 year earlier. METHODS Eleven individuals volunteered to participate and were randomly assigned to either the electromyography-triggered neuromuscular stimulation experimental group (7 subjects) or the control group (4 subjects). After completing a pretest involving 5 motor capability tests, the poststroke subjects completed 12 treatment sessions (30 minutes each) according to group assignments. Once the control subjects completed 12 sessions attempting wrist and finger extension without any external assistance and were posttested, they were then given 12 sessions of the rehabilitation treatment. RESULTS The Box and Block test and the force-generation task (sustained muscular contraction) revealed significant findings (P<0. 05). The experimental group moved significantly more blocks and displayed a higher isometric force impulse after the rehabilitation treatment. CONCLUSIONS Two lines of evidence clearly support the use of the electromyography-triggered neuromuscular electrical stimulation treatment to rehabilitate wrist and finger extension movements of hemiparetic individuals > or =1 year after stroke. The treatment program decreased motor dysfunction and improved the motor capabilities in this group of poststroke individuals.
Taking Butler Elsewhere: Performativities, Spatialities and Subjectivities

This paper is concerned with exploring the potential of performance and performativity as conceptual tools for a critical human geography. We begin by emphasising the importance of recognising the different ways in which performance can be theorised, and their very different critical effects. We then argue that, although the geographical literature is apparently characterised by two contrasting discussions of performance (those of Goffman and of Butler), these accounts form a consensus around Goffman. By contrast, and along with Butler, we maintain that performance is subsumed within and must always be connected to performativity—that is, to the citational practices which produce and subvert discourse and knowledge, and which at the same time enable and discipline subjects and their performances. But we also take Butler elsewhere, arguing that spaces too need to be thought of as performative, and that more needs to be made of the complexity and instability of performances and performed spaces. To illustrate our general arguments, but also to show how they work out rather differently in the specificities of particular social practices, we draw on two very different pieces of research which we have separately been involved in: a study of community arts workers and projects in Edinburgh and another on car-boot sales as alternative spaces of consumption. We conclude the paper by arguing for the necessity of extending our arguments to encompass academic performances and performativity, reflecting on our own production, both through particular academic performances of our respective research projects and this paper.
Teams in organizations: a review on team effectiveness

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to review the research on organizational teams. The aim is delimiting the conceptual space of effectiveness and determining team‐level measurement issues.Design/methodology/approach – A range of published works, which analyse the different variables of effectiveness for each type of team, is reviewed (the most used effectiveness criteria are shown in a table). According to the existence of different types of teams – work team, parallel team, project team and management team – the authors assess what variables and measures are more appropriate according to team type, analyse the problems in gathering data and measuring in this level of analysis and, finally, offer a proposal of measurement issues for future research.Findings – The authors conclude that effectiveness is a multidimensional concept with three dimensions: performance, attitudinal outcomes, and behavioural outcomes. Regarding team‐level measurement issues, the authors also conclude that there is a need to .
Jumping Through Loops: On Soft Terms from Large Volume Compactifications

We subject the phenomenologically successful large volume scenario of hep-th/0502058 to a first consistency check in string theory. In particular, we consider whether the expansion of the string effective action is consistent in the presence of D-branes and O-planes. Due to the no-scale structure at tree-level, the scenario is surprisingly robust. We compute the modification of soft supersymmetry breaking terms, and find only subleading corrections. We also comment that for large-volume limits of toroidal orientifolds and fibered Calabi-Yau manifolds the corrections can be more important, and we discuss further checks that need to be performed.
Marital Adjustment in Parents of Children with Disabilities: A Historical Review and Meta-Analysis

This report uses meta-analytic methods to reexamine a body of research literature on comparative levels of divorce and marital satisfaction/discord in parents of children with and without developmental disabilities in light of new assumptions about variability in family adjustment, including successful family adaptation and longterm resilience. A historical review of the literature on the impacts of children with disability on their family describes longstanding negative assumptions, in keeping with a view of disability as inevitably detrimental to couples and other family members. This meta-analysis finds a much smaller effect on parents' marital relationships than would be expected under older assumptions about disability and family.
Effects of Event-Related Centrality on Concept Accessibility

In 3 experiments, we explored the accessibility of concepts of varying centrality as defined by the underlying events described in script-based passages. The accessibility of central concepts, as defined by event-relatedness, was compared to that of central concepts defined on the basis of the number of mentions in the text or based on their relation to the title of the text. Experiments 1A and 1B demonstrated that central words defined by event-relatedness were more accessible than peripheral words. In Experiment 2, event-relatedness and the number of mentions were pitted against each other in defining centrality. The results showed that central concepts defined by event-relatedness (mentioned fewer times) were accessed more readily than peripheral concepts (with a higher number of mentions). Experiment 3 further indicated that the number of mentions did not affect the accessibility of the event-related central concepts. This research demonstrated the appropriateness and effectiveness in defining centrality on the basis of underlying events.
Living With Contested Knowledge and Partial Authority

These careful and constructive comments bring grist to our mill. Before responding to them, we observe first that they offer no substantive challenge to our thesis: ambiguities associated with meaning in the disabled life make it more likely that professional service providers will make dogmatic responses to bereavement, and perhaps other essentially contested topics, responses that are defended by isolationism. Some welcome ideas came from left field to refresh our thinking, such as Colman’s observations on the gendered nature of care. She reminded us that although the audit from which these cases came was established to investigate bereavement in general among adults with intellectual disability, its rough and ready sampling failed to ensure the expected range of bereavement types. Somehow the bereavements constructed as relevant for audit all transpired to concern the death of mothers. Moreover, of the six relatives who agreed to be interviewed concerning these bereavements, two were stepfathers and four were sisters. Colman underlines the invisibility of care work usually done by female family members: how wise or less wise decisions create the conditions for bereavement reactions, and how changes to care arrangements following bereavement fall most heavily on them. Traustadottir (2002) discussed the way new care initiatives often put pressure on female family members and staff to do more unpaid work. For example, Circles of Support encourages them to include people with intellectual disability in their personal social networks, without considering the personal costs. Such observations have yet to emerge from the umbrella of feminist research. Separatism has served feminism well, but issues of women and care do need to find their place in mainstream reviews. Another useful reminder from Colman is that the person with intellectual disability is not the only concern to families, although only a few adult services manage to hold wider systemic factors in mind (Clegg and Burnham 2000). If the person may make naïve comments at a funeral that would devastate family members whose needs take priority, the person will be excluded. The potency of bereavement was discussed twice. Casenave suggests that because “disability is a loss experience” bereavement resonates with it, casting some doubt onto the suggestion that our thesis generalizes to other contested topics. Reinders criticizes clinicians for being purblind to the tragic. The anonymous reviewer who ques-