Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Women's Economic Niches and Earnings Inferiority: The View from the Ethnic Economy

Approaching women's economic niches and earnings inferiority from the point of view of the ethnic economy literature, this paper introduces new data on women's entrepreneurship. Like ethnic minority employers, who prefer co-ethnic employees, women employers exhibit a hiring preference for women. As it does for ethnic minorities, this hiring preference modestly corrects women's earning inferiority, but it does not reduce industrial niching. Although often conflated, segregation and earnings are two distinct dimensions, not one. Women employers increase demand for women employees, raising their earnings, but women employers do not also reduce gender segregation. Because women are under-represented in entrepreneurship, the corrective effect of women's entrepreneurship on women's earnings is modest but positive. This result also parallels the limited advantage that ethnic employers afford co-ethnics. Therefore, in a technical sense, under-representation of women in entrepreneurship is an unacknowledged cause of women's earnings inferiority. Women's entrepreneurship will not reach parity with men's in the short run. But, in the longer run, women's entrepreneurship has the potential, appreciably if not fully, to reduce women's earnings inferiority.
MAXIMIZING COMPUTER USE AMONG THE ELDERLY IN RURAL SENIOR CENTERS

Two prominent trends are simultaneously occurring in our society today: the aging of our population and an increased reliance on computers. Through a federal grant, Iowa Legal Aid provides computers in 85 rural senior citizen centers across Iowa to foster increased knowledge about program services for the elderly and to enhance their social connectedness with others through e-mail. To understand the attitudes of rural elderly toward computers, focus groups were held with two groups in the community senior centers. The results identified strategies that are necessary if seniors are to maximize the use of computers available to them. This article has three purposes: (1) to review the literature regarding computer usage among the elderly; (2) to describe the findings of focus groups held with elderly; and (3) to identify strategies to enhance computer use in senior citizen centers and maximize the connectivity of elders in their communities.
Atazanavir pharmacokinetics in genetically determined CYP3A5 expressors versus non-expressors.

OBJECTIVES The objective of this study was to compare atazanavir pharmacokinetics in genetically determined CYP3A5 expressors versus non-expressors. METHODS HIV-negative adult volunteers were pre-screened for CYP3A5 *3, *6 and *7 polymorphisms and enrollment was balanced for CYP3A5 expressor status, gender and race (African-American versus non-African-American). Participants received atazanavir 400 mg daily for 7 days followed by atazanavir/ritonavir 300 mg/100 mg daily for 7 days with pharmacokinetic studies on days 7 and 14. Other measures collected were bilirubin, UGT1A1 *28, and ABCB1 1236C > T, 2677G > T/A and 3435C > T genotypes. Data analyses utilized least squares regression. RESULTS Fifteen CYP3A5 expressors and 16 non-expressors participated. The day 7 atazanavir oral clearance (CL/F) was 1.39-fold faster (0.25 versus 0.18 L/h/kg; P = 0.045) and the C(min) was half (87 versus 171 ng/mL; P = 0.044) in CYP3A5 expressors versus non-expressors. Non-African-American CYP3A5 expressor males had 2.1-fold faster CL/F (P = 0.003) and <20% the C(min) (P = 0.0001) compared with non-African-American non-expressor males. No overall CYP3A5 expressor effects were observed during the ritonavir phase. One or two copies of wild-type ABCB1 haplotype (1236C/2677G/3435C) was predictive of slower atazanavir and ritonavir CL/F compared with zero copies (P < 0.06). Indirect bilirubin increased 1.6- to 2.8-fold more in subjects with UGT1A1 *28/*28 versus *1/*28 or *1/*1. CONCLUSIONS CYP3A5 expressors had faster atazanavir CL/F and lower C(min) than non-expressors. The effect was most pronounced in non-African-American men. Ritonavir lessened CYP3A5 expressor effects. The wild-type ABCB1 CGC haplotype was associated with slower CL/F and the UGT1A1 *28 genotype was associated with increased bilirubin. Thus, CYP3A5, ABCB1 and UGT1A1 polymorphisms are associated with atazanavir pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics in vivo.
Constitutively Active TRPC3 Channels Regulate Basal Ganglia Output Neurons

A hallmark of the GABA projection neurons of the substantia nigra pars reticulata (SNr), a key basal ganglia output nucleus, is its depolarized membrane potential and rapid spontaneous spikes that encode the basal ganglia output. Parkinsonian movement disorders are often associated with abnormalities in SNr GABA neuron firing intensity and/or pattern. A fundamental question remains regarding the molecular identity of the ion channels that drive these neurons to a depolarized membrane potential. We show here that SNr GABA projection neurons selectively express type 3 canonical transient receptor potential (TRPC3) channels. These channels are tonically active and mediate an inward, Na+-dependent current, leading to a substantial depolarization in these neurons. Inhibition of TRPC3 channels induces hyperpolarization, decreases firing frequency, and increases firing irregularity. These data demonstrate that TRPC3 channels play important roles in ensuring the appropriate firing intensity and pattern in SNr GABA projection neurons that are crucial to movement control.
Predictors of Exit and Reentry among Family Shelter Users in New York City

This study explores the process of exit from and reentry to public family shelters for homeless families in New York City. A Cox proportional-hazards model was developed to identify the effects of demographic, family structure, reason for homelessness, and time-related variables on the hazard rates for different types of shelter discharge and shelter reentry. The study specifically explores the significance of type of housing placement as a predictor variable for shelter reentry. Various demographic and family structure attributes are linked with shelter exit and reentry, including race and ethnicity, family size, age of family head, pregnancy status, and public assistance recipiency status. Although there is a trade-off between length of shelter stay and type of housing placement at shelter discharge, procuring subsidized housing is associated with a substantially lower probability of shelter readmission. Policy implications of these findings and future directions for research on the dynamics of family homelessness are discussed.
Treatment Outcome in Chronic Hepatitis C Infection: A Four Years Survey Among Iranian Patients

Background: Hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection is universal. Side effects of its treatment are observed in many patients. The present study was designed to evaluate treatment outcome and side effects of the treatment in chronic HCV infection. Materials and Methods: The current study was conducted prospectively on patients with hepatitis C infection. They had been treated with the standard drug regimen, if indicated. They were followed for treatment response, side effects of therapy, and its related factors. Findings: From ninety one patients, eighty four persons finished their treatment course. They comprised 71 (84.5%) males and 13 (15.5%) females. Their mean age was 41.5±11.90 years (20–69 years). Genotype 3 was the most common virus genotype (51.2%). Sustained virologic response (SVR) was 84.5% for genotype 3 and 47.5% for genotype 1. Decrease in hemoglobin (43%), weakness and fatigue (26%), neutropenia (13%), and thrombocytopenia (13%) were the most common side effects of the treatment. Seven patients can not finish their treatment course, because of the side effects. Conclusion: Genotype 3, viral load less than 600000, and more than 3- fold rise in AST are associated with higher SVR. Early administration of the added drugs such as erythropoietin and G-CSF to not reduce the drug doses were also influential.
Fighting the system? Populist radical right parties and party system change

This article assesses the impact of populist radical right parties on national party systems in Western Europe. Has the emergence of this new party family changed the interaction of party competition within Western European countries? First, I look at party system change with regard to numerical and numerical–ideological terms. Second, I evaluate the effect populist radical right parties have had on the different dimensions of party systems. Third, I assess the claim that the rise of populist radical right parties has created bipolarizing party system. Fourth, I look at the effect the rise of the populist radical right has had on the logic of coalition formation. The primary conclusion is that, irrespective of conceptualization and operationalization, populist radical right parties have not fundamentally changed party systems in Western Europe.
Multiple sensors integration for pedestrian indoor navigation

This paper discusses the fusion schemes of multiple sensors including accelerometer, gyro, magnetometer and pressure sensor for improved indoor positioning accuracy. The main focus is to make fully use of complementary features in sensors (such as gyro and magnetometer) and navigation structure (such as PDR and strapdown INS). A centralized Kalman filter is designed and implemented for this integration. Tests are conducted at indoor without using external wireless signal aiding. Positioning performance is evaluated among different integration strategies by different sensors and different complementary features.
Protein Stability, Folding and Misfolding in Human PGK1 Deficiency

Conformational diseases are often caused by mutations, altering protein folding and stability in vivo. We review here our recent work on the effects of mutations on the human phosphoglycerate kinase 1 (hPGK1), with a particular focus on thermodynamics and kinetics of protein folding and misfolding. Expression analyses and in vitro biophysical studies indicate that disease-causing mutations enhance protein aggregation propensity. We found a strong correlation among protein aggregation propensity, thermodynamic stability, cooperativity and dynamics. Comparison of folding and unfolding properties with previous reports in PGKs from other species suggests that hPGK1 is very sensitive to mutations leading to enhance protein aggregation through changes in protein folding cooperativity and the structure of the relevant denaturation transition state for aggregation. Overall, we provide a mechanistic framework for protein misfolding of hPGK1, which is insightful to develop new therapeutic strategies aimed to target native state stability and foldability in hPGK1 deficient patients.
Coffee drinking and hepatocellular carcinoma risk: A meta‐analysis

Several studies suggest an inverse relation between coffee drinking and risk of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). We conducted a meta‐analysis of published studies on HCC that included quantitative information on coffee consumption. Ten studies were retrieved (2,260 HCC cases), including 6 case–control studies from southern Europe and Japan (1551 cases) and 4 cohort studies from Japan (709 cases). The summary relative risk (RR) for coffee drinkers versus non‐drinkers was 0.54 (95% confidence interval [CI] 0.38‐0.76) for case–control studies and 0.64 (95% CI 0.56‐0.74) for cohort studies. The overall RR was 0.59 (95% CI 0.49‐0.72), with significant heterogeneity between studies. The overall summary RR for low or moderate coffee drinkers was 0.70 (95% CI 0.57‐0.85), and that for high drinkers was 0.45 (95% CI 0.38‐0.53). The summary RR for an increase of 1 cup of coffee per day was 0.77 (95% CI 0.72‐0.83) from case–control studies, 0.75 (95% CI 0.65‐0.85) from cohort studies, and 0.77 (95% CI 0.72‐0.82) overall. The consistency of an inverse relation between coffee drinking and HCC across study design and geographic areas weighs against a major role of bias or confounding. Coffee drinking has also been related to reduced risk of other liver diseases, thus suggesting a continuum of the favorable effect of coffee on liver function. However, subjects with liver conditions may selectively reduce their coffee consumption. Conclusion: The present analysis provides evidence that the inverse relation between coffee and HCC is real, though inference on causality remains open to discussion. (HEPATOLOGY 2007.)
Accounting for Rationality: Double-Entry Bookkeeping and the Rhetoric of Economic Rationality

This article addresses claims made by Weber, Schumpeter, and Sombart concerning the importance of double-entry bookkeeping. They argue that accounting played a key technical role in enhancing rationality and furthering the development of capitalism methods of production. The history of accounting methods and practices from the Middle Ages to the 19th century is surveyed in order to evaluate these arguments. Two important dimensions of accounting are discussed: the rhetorical and the technical. The argument is that, as rethoric, accounting must be understood as an attempt to convince some audience of the legitimacy of business ventures. Goody's analysis of writing and literacy is applied to the development of accounting as a technique. As a practical method, double-entry bookkeeping appears to have increased "rationality," but the rhetorical side of double entry is also critical. The conclusion is that the significance of double-entry bookkeeping can be appreciated only if its rhetorical and technical aspects are considered.
Abnormal Spatial-Temporal Pattern Analysis for Niagara Frontier Border Wait Times

Border crossing delays cause problems like huge economics loss and heavy environmental pollutions. To understand more about the nature of border crossing delay, this study applies a dictionary-based compression algorithm to process the historical Niagara Frontier border wait times data. It can identify the abnormal spatial-temporal patterns for both passenger vehicles and trucks at three bridges connecting US and Canada. Furthermore, it provides a quantitate anomaly score to rank the wait times patterns across the three bridges for each vehicle type and each direction. By analyzing the top three most abnormal patterns, we find that there are at least two factors contributing the anomaly of the patterns. The weekends and holidays may cause unusual heave congestions at the three bridges at the same time, and the freight transportation demand may be uneven from Canada to the USA at Peace Bridge and Lewiston-Queenston Bridge, which may lead to a high anomaly score. By calculating the frequency of the top 5% abnormal patterns by hour of the day, the results show that for cars from the USA to Canada, the frequency of abnormal waiting time patterns is the highest during noon while for trucks in the same direction, it is the highest during the afternoon peak hours. For Canada to US direction, the frequency of abnormal border wait time patterns for both cars and trucks reaches to the peak during the afternoon. The analysis of abnormal spatial-temporal wait times patterns is promising to improve the border crossing management
Robust watermarking of ngerprint images

7 This paper introduces two spatial methods in order to embed watermark data into ngerprint images, without corrupting their features. The rst method inserts watermark data after feature extraction, thus preventing watermarking of regions used 9 for ngerprint classi cation. The method utilizes an image adaptive strength adjustment technique which results in watermarks with low visibility. The second method introduces a feature adaptive watermarking technique for ngerprints, thus applicable 11 before feature extraction. For both of the methods, decoding does not require original ngerprint image. Unlike most of the published spatial watermarking methods, the proposed methods provide high decoding accuracy for ngerprint images. High 13 data hiding and decoding performance for color images is also observed. 2002 Published by Elsevier Science Ltd on behalf of Pattern Recognition Society. 15
An experimental evaluation of the scalability of real-time scheduling algorithms on large-scale multicore platforms

We present an experimental analysis of the scalability of 13 multicore real-time scheduling algorithms on a 48-core AMD platform. The algorithms include G-EDF, P-EDF, C-EDF, and G-NP-EDF. Comparisons are made based on schedulability and tardiness. The algorithms are implemented in a real-time Linux kernel we create called ChronOS. ChronOS extends the Linux kernel's <tt>PREEMPT_RT</tt> patch with a flexible, scalable real-time scheduling framework. Our study shows that it is possible to implement global fixed and dynamic priority real-time scheduling algorithms which will scale to large-scale multicore platforms. Interestingly, and in contrast to the conclusions of prior research, our results reveal that some global scheduling algorithms (e.g., G-NP-EDF) are scalable on 48-core machines. In our implementation, scalability is restricted by lock contention over the global schedule and the cost of interprocessor communication, rather than the global task queue implementation. We show that algorithms implemented with scalability as a first-order goal are able to provide real-time guarantees on our 48-core platform.
The Gray Area: Exploring Attitudes Toward Infidelity and the Development of the Perceptions of Dating Infidelity Scale

ABSTRACT Prior research has distinguished between emotional versus sexual infidelity. Two studies examined the development of the Perceptions of Dating Infidelity Scale (PDIS) to assess attitudes toward specific behaviors that constitute these types of infidelity in romantic relationships. Exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses indicated three factors to the scale: Ambiguous, Deceptive, and Explicit behaviors. In both studies, there were gender differences on ratings of the behaviors. The construct validity of the scale was assessed with measures of sociosexual orientation, guilt, and coping with unwanted sexual situations. It was found that the Ambiguous behaviors were positively correlated with avoidance of unwanted sexual situations, while the Deceptive and Explicit scales were positively correlated with guilt and avoidance and negatively associated with an unrestricted sociosexual orientation and acting on attractions toward friends.
Modified LRU Algorithm To Implement Proxy Server With Caching Policies

In order to produce and develop a software system, it is necessary to have a method of choosing a suitable algorithm which satisfies the required quality attributes and maintains a trade-off between sometimes conflicting ones. Proxy server is placed between the real server and clients. Proxy server uses caching policies to store web documents using algorithms. For this, different algorithms are used but drawbacks of these algorithms are that it is applicable only for the video files not for other resource types. Second drawback is that it does not tell any thing about organizing the data on the disk storage of the proxy server. Third drawback is that it is difficult to implement. Fourth drawback is that they require the knowledge about the workloads on the proxy server. Major problems in previous described algorithms is that “Cold Cache Pollution”. As described in the previous description all the existing algorithms used for caching suffers from various disadvantages. This paper is proposing a technique to remove the problem of cold cache pollution which is proved mathematically that it is better than the existing LRU-Distance algorithm.
Breakthrough Technologies A Visual Reporter System for Virus-Induced Gene Silencing in Tomato Fruit Based on Anthocyanin Accumulation 1 [ C ] [ W ]

Virus-induced gene silencing (VIGS) is a powerful tool for reverse genetics in tomato (Solanum lycopersicum). However, the irregular distribution of the effects of VIGS hampers the identification and quantification of nonvisual phenotypes. To overcome this limitation, a visually traceable VIGS system was developed for fruit, comprising two elements: (1) a transgenic tomato line (Del/Ros1) expressing Antirrhinum majus Delila and Rosea1 transcription factors under the control of the fruitspecific E8 promoter, showing a purple-fruited, anthocyanin-rich phenotype; and (2) a modified tobacco rattle virus VIGS vector incorporating partial Rosea1 and Delila sequences, which was shown to restore the red-fruited phenotype upon agroinjection in Del/Ros1 plants. Dissection of silenced areas for subsequent chemometric analysis successfully identified the relevant metabolites underlying gene function for three tomato genes, phytoene desaturase, TomloxC, and SlODO1, used for proof of concept. The C-6 aldehydes derived from lipid 13-hydroperoxidation were found to be the volatile compounds most severely affected by TomloxC silencing, whereas geranial and 6-methyl-5-hepten-2-one were identified as the volatiles most severely reduced by phytoene desaturase silencing in ripening fruit. In a third example, silencing of SlODO1, a tomato homolog of the ODORANT1 gene encoding a myb transcription factor, which regulates benzenoid metabolism in petunia (Petunia hybrida) flowers, resulted in a sharp accumulation of benzaldehyde in tomato fruit. Together, these results indicate that fruit VIGS, enhanced by anthocyanin monitoring, can be a powerful tool for reverse genetics in the study of the metabolic networks operating during fruit ripening.
Ahura: A Heuristic-Based Racer for the Open Racing Car Simulator

Designing automatic drivers for car racing is an active field of research in the area of robotics and artificial intelligence. A controller called Ahura (a heuristic-based racer) for the open racing car simulator is proposed in this paper. Ahura includes five modules, namely steer controller, speed controller, opponent manager, dynamic adjuster, and stuck handler. These modules have 23 parameters all together that are tuned using an evolutionary strategy for a particular car to ensure fast and safe drive on different tracks. These tuned parameters are further modified by the dynamic adjuster module during the run according to the width, friction, and dangerous zones of the track. The dynamic adjustment enables Ahura to decide on-the-fly based on the current situation; hence, it eliminates the need for prior knowledge about the characteristics of the track. The driving performance of Ahura is compared with other state-of-the-art controllers on 40 tracks when they drive identical cars. Our experiments indicate that Ahura performs significantly better than other controllers in terms of damage and completion time especially on complex tracks (road tracks). Also, experiments show that the overtaking strategy of Ahura is safer and more effective compared to other controllers.
Reflexive Practice: The relationship between social research and health promotion in HIV prevention

This article describes the reflexive practice of both health educator and social researcher in the context of gay community responses to the threat of HIV and AIDS. It describes the processes and structures that were put in place in Australia by AIDS Councils and by social researchers to develop effective health promotion campaigns. It also describes the reflexive relationships between these two partners and between each of them and the gay community. A health promotion campaign that arose out of social researchers identifying an HIV-prevention strategy developed by gay men themselves that was subsequently elaborated by health educators and reflected back to the gay community illustrates the critical reflexivity of the partnership. It concludes that the development of such reflexive partnerships between the gay community, health educators and social researchers provides the basis for effective HIV prevention and education.