Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Temporal patterns of radiographic infiltration in severely traumatized patients with and without adult respiratory distress syndrome.

We prospectively evaluated the patterns of pulmonary structural and functional changes in 100 consecutive surgical intensive care unit trauma patients who had (1) emergent major surgery, (2) a pelvic fracture, or (3) two or more major long bone fractures. For each patient, arterial blood gas measurements (ABGs), central venous pressure (CVP), pulmonary capillary occlusion pressure (PAOP), thoracic compliance, arterial oxygen tension/fraction of inspired oxygen (PAO2/FIO2), pulmonary venous admixture (Qs/Qt), and portable chest roentgenograms were sequentially tracked. The senior staff radiologist interpreted all chest roentgenograms. Pulmonary infiltration was quantitated in each of six fields using a scale ranging from 0 to 4, with 0 being no infiltration and 4 being the maximum. Adult respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) was defined as follows: Qs/Qt > or = 20%, PAO2/FIO2 < 250 or both; dependence on mechanical ventilation for life support for > or = 24 hours; PAOP or CVP or both < 20 mm Hg; and thoracic compliance < 50 mL/cm H2O. Time zero (T0) the time of onset of ARDS, was defined as the time these criteria were met. Eighty-three of 100 study group patients had penetrating injuries, and 17 were admitted with blunt trauma. Fifty-one of 100 patients developed ARDS: 36 of 51 died. Only 4 of 49 (8%) patients without ARDS died. The injured lungs of patients with and without ARDS had similar amounts of infiltration over most measured time intervals. The noninjured lungs of the ARDS patients, however, had significantly greater infiltration than those without ARDS at T0 and over subsequent time intervals. (ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Dose‐Dependent Effect of Aspirin on Carotid Atherosclerosis

BackgroundAntiplatelet treatment with aspirin is well established as secondary prophylaxis after a transient ischemic attack or minor ischemic stroke, but the effect of aspirin treatment on the course of carotid atherosclerosis is unknown. We investigated the effect of aspirin on the initial stages of carotid atherosclerosis Methods and ResultsPatients were recruited from a prospective, randomized, double-blind clinical trial to compare two doses of aspirin (900 mg versus 50 mg daily) with regard to restenoses after lower limb angioplasty. Of the 383 patients admitted to the angioplasty trial, 27 patients with 104 small carotid atheroma (<50% lumen narrowing) were examined at entry and after 1 year of aspirin treatment with the use of a high-resolution ultrasound duplex system. Disease progression and regression were defined by a change of maximal plaque area (as measured by longitudinal ultrasound sections) of more than 2 SDs of the method. The change in plaque area was significantly different for the treatment groups: Average plaque size remained unchanged after treatment with 900 mg aspirin daily but increased markedly after treatment with 50 mg aspirin daily (p=0.011). There were significantly more lesions in the 50-mg group showing progression than in the 900-mg group (23 plaques [47%] versus 13 plaques [24%], p=0.025). Ultrasonic disappearance of a lesion was observed only in the 900-mg group in nine cases (seven soft plaques and two ulcerative plaques, p=0.018). The six patients on 50 mg aspirin who continued smoking during the study showed significantly more progression compared with the seven nonsmokers in the 50-mg group (17 plaques [59%] versus six plaques [30%], p=0.038). ConclusionThe results of our study indicate that aspirin treatment slows carotid plaque growth in a dose-dependent fashion, with a dose of 900 mg daily more efficient than 50 mg daily.
MIR376A Is a Regulator of Starvation-Induced Autophagy

Background Autophagy is a vesicular trafficking process responsible for the degradation of long-lived, misfolded or abnormal proteins, as well as damaged or surplus organelles. Abnormalities of the autophagic activity may result in the accumulation of protein aggregates, organelle dysfunction, and autophagy disorders were associated with various diseases. Hence, mechanisms of autophagy regulation are under exploration. Methods Over-expression of hsa-miR-376a1 (shortly MIR376A) was performed to evaluate its effects on autophagy. Autophagy-related targets of the miRNA were predicted using Microcosm Targets and MIRanda bioinformatics tools and experimentally validated. Endogenous miRNA was blocked using antagomirs and the effects on target expression and autophagy were analyzed. Luciferase tests were performed to confirm that 3′ UTR sequences in target genes were functional. Differential expression of MIR376A and the related MIR376B was compared using TaqMan quantitative PCR. Results Here, we demonstrated that, a microRNA (miRNA) from the DLK1/GTL2 gene cluster, MIR376A, played an important role in autophagy regulation. We showed that, amino acid and serum starvation-induced autophagy was blocked by MIR376A overexpression in MCF-7 and Huh7 cells. MIR376A shared the same seed sequence and had overlapping targets with MIR376B, and similarly blocked the expression of key autophagy proteins ATG4C and BECN1 (Beclin 1). Indeed, 3′ UTR sequences in the mRNA of these autophagy proteins were responsive to MIR376A in luciferase assays. Antagomir tests showed that, endogenous MIR376A was participating to the control of ATG4C and BECN1 transcript and protein levels. Moreover, blockage of endogenous MIR376A accelerated starvation-induced autophagic activity. Interestingly, MIR376A and MIR376B levels were increased with different kinetics in response to starvation stress and tissue-specific level differences were also observed, pointing out to an overlapping but miRNA-specific biological role. Conclusions Our findings underline the importance of miRNAs encoded by the DLK1/GTL2 gene cluster in stress-response control mechanisms, and introduce MIR376A as a new regulator of autophagy.
Revisiting the Automatic and the Controlled: A Review of Dual-Process Theories of the Social Mind

DUAL-PROCESS THEORIES, IN WHICH it is suggested that separate and often independent automatic and controlled mental processes are used to construct behavior, have become ubiquitous in both social and cognitive psychology. A simple search of PsycINFO for the term “dual process,” for example, nets over 1600 peer-reviewed results, with over 1400 of those articles being published in the last 15 years alone. This increase in the use of dual-process explanations for behavior can be traced in no small part back to the publication of Dual-Process Theories in Social Psychology (Chaiken & Trope, 1999). That book, which has been cited more than 800 times since its publication, provided an influential collection of what was becoming an explosion of dual-process theories. The increase in the use of dual-process explanations since 1999 has been accompanied by a diversity of models, assumptions, and criticism that clearly warrants a return to the topic. In Dual-Process Theories of the Social Mind, editors Jeffery Sherman, Bertram Gawronski, and Yaacov Trope have organized a follow-up to the original book that does more than simply collect the last 15 years of developments in the use of dual-process explanations. Specifically, this book attempts to provide structure and critique to what has become a sometimes too broad and non-falsifiable method of explaining behavior. Given the range of use of dual-process theories in social psychology, from attitude formation to decision making, this is no small task. Yet, it is likely this this text will become as commonly cited as its predecessor due to this effort. The book is divided into nine parts, with a total of 38 contributions by well-regarded experts in their field. The first two parts, “Part I: The Basics” and “Part II: Dual-System Models,” serves both as an introduction to understanding the processes involved at a general level as well as an attempt to provide a more molar level breakdown of different aspects controlled and automatic processes. The themes detailed here, primarily focused on defining the types of automaticity and control processes as well as their independence or lack thereof, are echoed across the rest of the text and serve to set the stage for the specific models that are presented later in the book. Part III, “Measurement and Formal Modeling,” deals with methodological issues in clearly defining and measuring the
Power packet transferability via symbol propagation matrix

A power packet is a unit of electric power composed of a power pulse and an information tag. In Shannon’s information theory, messages are represented by symbol sequences in a digitized manner. Referring to this formulation, we define symbols in power packetization as a minimum unit of power transferred by a tagged pulse. Here, power is digitized and quantized. In this paper, we consider packetized power in networks for a finite duration, giving symbols and their energies to the networks. A network structure is defined using a graph whose nodes represent routers, sources and destinations. First, we introduce the concept of a symbol propagation matrix (SPM) in which symbols are transferred at links during unit times. Packetized power is described as a network flow in a spatio-temporal structure. Then, we study the problem of selecting an SPM in terms of transferability, that is, the possibility to represent given energies at sources and destinations during the finite duration. To select an SPM, we consider a network flow problem of packetized power. The problem is formulated as an M-convex submodular flow problem which is a solvable generalization of the minimum cost flow problem. Finally, through examples, we verify that this formulation provides reasonable packetized power.
Deficiency of knowledge of genetics and genetic tests among general practitioners, gynecologists, and pediatricians: A global problem

Purpose: The objective of this study was to assess knowledge of genetics and awareness of genetic tests among Dutch general practitioners (GPs), gynecologists (GYNs), and pediatricians (PEDs), as well as factors influencing their knowledge and awareness.Methods: An anonymous questionnaire inquiry was used, validated with a sample of 52 clinical geneticists (CGs). The study was carried out in primary care (general practice) and secondary care (general and university hospitals) in The Netherlands. A random sample of 200 GPs, 300 GYNs, and 265 PEDs received a questionnaire. In addition, all registered CGs (58) received a questionnaire for validation. In total, 122 GPs, 187 GYNs, 164 PEDs, and 52 CGs returned a completed questionnaire. The main outcome measures were differences in knowledge scores between physicians working in different disciplines and factors influencing these scores.Results: Knowledge scores of GPs (mean 64% correct answers, 61%–66% [95% confidence interval]), GYNs (mean 75% correct answers, 73%–76% [95% confidence interval]), and PEDs (mean 81% correct answers, 79%–82% [95% confidence interval]) were lower than those in the CG validation group (mean 95% correct answers, 94%–96% [95% confidence interval]). The 5th percentile of GPs, GYNs, and PEDs was at approximately 40%, 52% and 62% correct answers, respectively. There was a specific lack of knowledge about DNA testing. In addition to specialty, important factors positively associated with the knowledge scores of nongeneticists are more recent graduation, having taken an elective course in genetics, and providing genetic counseling in their own practice.Conclusion: The overall knowledge levels of genetics in many nongeneticist health care providers show clear deficiencies. This is in line with reports from other countries, showing that these deficiencies are a global problem.
Response Time Effort: A New Measure of Examinee Motivation in Computer-Based Tests

When low-stakes assessments are administered, the degree to which examinees give their best effort is often unclear, complicating the validity and interpretation of the resulting test scores. This study introduces a new method, based on item response time, for measuring examinee test-taking effort on computer-based test items. This measure, termed response time effort (RTE), is based on the hypothesis that when administered an item, unmotivated examinees will answer too quickly (i.e., before they have time to read and fully consider the item). Psychometric characteristics of RTE scores were empirically investigated and supportive evidence for score reliability and validity was found. Potential applications of RTE scores and their implications are discussed.
Centre De Referència En Economia Analítica Barcelona Economics Working Paper Series Working Paper Nº 161 the Optimal Behaviour of Firms Facing Stochastic Costs the Optimal Behaviour of Firms Facing Stochastic Costs * Barcelona Economics Wp Nº 161

This paper aims at assessing the optimal behavior of a firm facing stochastic costs of production. In an imperfectly competitive setting, we evaluate to what extent a firm may decide to locate part of its production in other markets different from which it is actually settled. This decision is taken in a stochastic environment. Portfolio theory is used to derive the optimal solution for the intertemporal profit maximization problem. In such a framework, splitting production between different locations may be optimal when a firm is able to charge different prices in the different local markets.
Expertleerkrachten in de omgang met probleemgedrag

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The Relationship Between Online Video Game Involvement and Gaming-Related Friendships Among Emotionally Sensitive Individuals

Some researchers believe that online gaming spaces can be socially accommodating environments for socially inhibited individuals, such as the socially inept, socially anxious, or shy. While previous research has examined, and found, significant links between these populations and online video game play, it remains unknown to what extent these spaces are contributing to tangible social benefits for the socially inhibited. The current study addresses this question by evaluating the link between gaming-related friendships and shyness, as quantified by emotional sensitivity. Drawing from a representative sample of German game players, the results indicate that emotionally sensitive players are using online gaming spaces differently from their less emotionally sensitive counterparts and reporting tangible differences in their in-game friendship networks. This suggests that online games hold the potential to be socially advantageous for shy individuals by allowing them to overcome their traditional social difficulties and generate new friendships as well as strengthen old ones.
Yoga and physical exercise – a review and comparison

Abstract: Yoga is a multifaceted spiritual tool with enhanced health and well-being as one of its positive effects. The components of yoga which are very commonly applied for health benefits are asanas (physical postures), pranayama (regulated breathing) and meditation. In the context of asanas, yoga resembles more of a physical exercise, which may lead to the perception that yoga is another kind of physical exercise. This article aims at exploring the commonalities and differences between yoga and physical exercise in terms of concepts, possible mechanisms and effectiveness for health benefits. A narrative review is undertaken based on traditional and contemporary literature for yoga, along with scientific articles available on yoga and exercise including head-to-head comparative trials with healthy volunteers and patients with various disease conditions. Physical exercises and the physical components of yoga practices have several similarities, but also important differences. Evidence suggests that yoga interventions appear to be equal and/or superior to exercise in most outcome measures. Emphasis on breath regulation, mindfulness during practice, and importance given to maintenance of postures are some of the elements which differentiate yoga practices from physical exercises.
Haig A. Bosmajian, The language of oppression . Washington, D.C.: Public Affairs Press, 1974. Pp. 156. $4.50.

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Fibroblast growth factor and glutamate: opposing roles in the generation and degeneration of hippocampal neuroarchitecture

Neuritic regression and cell death (neurodegeneration) are common features of both normal nervous system development and neurodegenerative disorders. Growth factors and excitatory amino acid neurotransmitters have been suggested independently to play roles in neurodegenerative processes. The present study investigated the combined effects of fibroblast growth factor (FGF) and glutamate on the development and degeneration of cultured hippocampal neurons. Consistent with previous data, we found that FGF, but not NGF, promoted neuronal survival and dendritic outgrowth. In contrast, a low level of glutamate (50 microM) caused a reduction in dendritic outgrowth, and high levels (100 microM-1 mM) reduced neuronal survival in a dose- dependent manner. When cultures were maintained in the presence of FGF, there was a striking reduction in neuronal death normally caused by 100– 500 microM glutamate. FGF raised the threshold for glutamate neurotoxicity. FGF also antagonized the outgrowth-inhibiting actions of glutamate. Measurements of intracellular calcium levels with fura-2 demonstrated a direct relationship between glutamate-induced rises in intracellular calcium and neurodegeneration. FGF reduced the glutamate- induced increases in intracellular calcium levels. However, when cultures were pretreated with the RNA synthesis inhibitor actinomycin D or with the protein synthesis inhibitor cycloheximide, FGF did not prevent glutamate-induced increases in intracellular calcium or neurodegeneration. Taken together, these results suggest that (1) interactions between growth factors and neurotransmitters may be important in brain development; (2) imbalances in these systems may lead to neurodegeneration; and (3) cellular calcium-regulating systems may be a common focus of growth factor and neurotransmitter actions.
Honesty after a Labor Relationship

At the end of a controlled experiment where research assistants were hired for coding news from online newspapers, the experimenter-employer asked a number of them to roll a die and report the result in order to be paid in cash an amount linear on the reported number from 1 to 6 that could go from 1.6 to 9.4 USD. Another (control) group of similar students, recruited in a similar manner, were also invited to perform the same die-roll task, but they had no prior labor relationship with the experimenter-employer. Our treatment group showed in average higher levels of honesty as their distribution of reported numbers was less skewed to the right, that is, the long-term labor relationship group was more likely to report numbers that are closer to the uniform (honest) distribution than our control, and than other reported numbers in this kind of experiments. We conjecture that the previous experimenter-subject relationship of the treatment group induced higher levels of honesty among the participants. One of the possible reasons is that the labor relationship created for the group of ”treatment” students included a series of shocks that involved the possibility of involuntary unemployment, bringing incentives for the students to signal honesty as a trait that could be valued in the labor market. This paper contributes to the growing literature on understanding the motives for honesty and cheating.
[Determination of the concurrent validity of the CRAFT-d - a screening instrument for problematic alcohol consumption].

AIM The aim of this study was to determine the concurrent validity of the CRAFFT-d alcohol abuse screening test for adolescents. METHOD This criterion-related validity study compared the decisions of the CRAFFT-d with the decisions of the concurrently administered Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test (AUDIT). Data was obtained from an online questionnaire including CRAFFT-d and AUDIT. RESULTS Of the 12250 participants, 54.2 % were found to have an alcohol use disorder due to the AUDIT. CRAFFT-d identifies 63.6 % with problematic alcohol consumption. The Phi-coefficient showed high agreement between AUDIT and CRAFFT-d classifications (Phi Phi = .57; chi(2) 3978.671**; df = 1, p > . 001). At a score of 2 or higher, CRAFFT showed sensitivity of 88.8 % and specificity of 66.2 %. CONCLUSION The CRAFFT-d is a valid instrument for screening adolescents for problematic alcohol consumption. However, further comparison of CRAFFT items with diagnostic criteria for adolescents is needed.
Comments on Abe et al.'s Threshold Signer-ambiguous Signature Scheme from Variety of Keys

In 2004, Abe et al. proposed a threshold signerambiguous signature scheme from variety of keys. Their scheme is a generalized case of the ring signature scheme, and it allows the key types to be based the trapdoor one-way permutations (TOWP) or sigma-protocols including Schnorr’s signature scheme. However, the signed message is public for all, which may result in disputes. In this paper, we present a novel threshold signer-ambiguous signature scheme, having the signed message concealed and keeping who the receivers are secret from variety of keys.