Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Cross-layer workload characterization of meta-tracing JIT VMs

Dynamic programming languages are becoming increasingly popular, and this motivates the need for just-in-time (JIT) compilation to close the productivity/performance gap. Unfortunately, developing custom JIT-optimizing virtual machines (VMs) requires significant effort. Recent work has shown the promiseofmeta-JITframeworks, which abstract the language definition from the VM internals. Meta-JITs can enable automatic generation of high-performance JIT-optimizing VMs from high-level language specifications. This paper provides a detailed workload characterization of meta-tracing JITs for two different dynamic programming languages: Python and Racket. We propose a new cross-layer methodology, and then we use this methodology to characterize a diverse selection of benchmarks at the application, framework, interpreter, JIT-intermediate-representation, and microarchitecture level. Our work is able to provide initial answers to important questions about meta-tracing JITs including the potential performance improvement over optimized interpreters, the source of various overheads, and the continued performance gap between JIT-compiled code and statically compiled languages.
Alterations in Penicillin-Binding Protein 1A Confer Resistance to β-Lactam Antibiotics in Helicobacter pylori

ABSTRACT Most Helicobacter pylori strains are susceptible to amoxicillin, an important component of combination therapies for H. pylori eradication. The isolation and initial characterization of the first reported stable amoxicillin-resistant clinical H. pylori isolate (the Hardenberg strain) have been published previously, but the underlying resistance mechanism was not described. Here we present evidence that the β-lactam resistance of the Hardenberg strain results from a single amino acid substitution in HP0597, a penicillin-binding protein 1A (PBP1A) homolog of Escherichia coli. Replacement of the wild-type HP0597 (pbp1A) gene of the amoxicillin-sensitive (Amxs) H. pylori strain 1061 by the Hardenberg pbp1A gene resulted in a 100-fold increase in the MIC of amoxicillin. Sequence analysis of pbp1A of the Hardenberg strain, the AmxsH. pylori strain 1061, and four amoxicillin-resistant (Amxr) 1061 transformants revealed a few amino acid substitutions, of which only a single Ser414→Arg substitution was involved in amoxicillin resistance. Although we cannot exclude that mutations in other genes are required for high-level amoxicillin resistance of the Hardenberg strain, this amino acid substitution in PBP1A resulted in an increased MIC of amoxicillin that was almost identical to that for the original Hardenberg strain.
Patterns of eating and exercise that reduce weight

Gaps in research on reduction of obesity (Chapter 1) can be filled by experiments on effects on weight of changing the frequencies of habits of healthy eating and exercise (Chapter 2). This Thesis shows that changes in weight and customary habits can be tracked reliably. People’s descriptions of meals as healthy were consistent with national guidelines (Chapter 3). Participants agreed on which of such freely worded accounts of eating occasions referred to the same habit (Chapter 4). The frequency of a habit was calculated from recalled date and time of its most recent occasions: these timings were accurately recalled over two days (Chapter 5) although precision decreased after a week (Chapter 6). There was no evidence that records of weights were biased by expectations of weight loss (Chapter 7). Data from small samples indicated weight was reduced over 2-3 weeks by less frequent high-fat meals and calories between meals but not by more frequent vigorous exercise (Chapters 8 and 9). Habit frequency changes sometimes reversed from a variety of causes (Chapter 10). A full-scale experiment is designed to substantiate such findings (Chapter 11). After extension to other localities, such research could be an immediate help in reducing obesity (Chapter 12).
A Method to Calculate Numerical Errors Using Adjoint Error Estimation for Linear Advection

This paper is concerned with the computation of numerical discretization error for uncertainty quantification. An a posteriori error formula is described for a functional measurement of the solution to a scalar advection equation that is estimated by finite volume approximations. An exact error formula and computable error estimate are derived based on an abstractly defined approximation of the adjoint solution. The adjoint problem is divorced from the finite volume method used to approximate the forward solution variables and may be approximated using a low-order finite volume method. The accuracy of the computable error estimate provably satisfies an a priori error bound for sufficiently smooth solutions of the forward and adjoint problems. Computational examples are provided that show support of the theory for smooth solutions. The application to problems with discontinuities is also investigated computationally.
The time course of experience-dependent synaptic switching of visual connections in Xenopus laevis

Following the rotation of one larval eye in Xenopus laevis, the pattern of functional connections linking the two optic tecta may change. The time necessary for the elaboration of the new pattern of connections was studied by mapping the connections at various time intervals after the right eye had been rotated by 90°, this eye rotation being performed at stage 63. The minimal time necessary for the emergence of a new pattern of intertectal connections was of the order of 8-12 days. Visual deprivation during this period prevented the development of a new pattern of intertectal connections.
MMSE Infinite Length Symbol-by-Symbol Linear Equalization Achieves Full Diversity

This paper investigates the diversity order of single-carrier, symbol-by-symbol linear equalization (LE). It is shown that minimum mean square error (MMSE) linear equalizers achieve full diversity of v + 1 (the number of channel taps) independent of spectral efficiency. Our results also provide a new proof for the full diversity of decision feedback equalization (DFE), which was shown originally in A. Medles and D.T. M Slock (2004).
A Survey on Secure Processing of Similarity Queries

With the rapid growth of the volume and diversity of digital data produced by all kinds of commercial, scientific and leisure-time applications, the extraction of useful information from these large data sets has become one of the key IT tasks. On the other hand, the constant monitoring of people’s activities, while using these applications, has raised people’s concern about the invasiveness of their privacy. Furthermore, institutes that own sensitive databases want to keep their data private, while providing data mining services to other parties. Thus, a considerable amount of research effort has been invested in the secure processing of a large variety of queries. In this survey, I will review protocols that can process secure similarity queries in different application domains: location proximity detection, biometric data recognition, similar document detection, and search over multimedia database. Most of these protocols are based on the secure multiparty computation (SMC) model and are provably secure.
Segmenting Multiple Familiar Objects Under Mutual Occlusion

We address the problem of segmenting multiple similar objects by optimizing a Chan-Vese-like functional with respect to a mixture of level set functions. We solve the variational formulation under this model allowing for similarity transforms. This allows shape priors to be enforced even in the presence of mutual occlusion, lifting the limitation. We show numerical results on example images to demonstrate the promise of our approach.
Cyclosporine A Induces Nerve Growth Factor Expression Via Activation of MAPK p38 and NFAT5

Purpose: We investigated the effects of cyclosporine A (CsA) on the mechanism of nerve growth factor (NGF) expression using a cultured human corneal epithelial cell line (HCECL). Methods: NGF transcription and production levels were assessed after treatment of cells with various concentrations of CsA. Activities of mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK), nuclear factor Kappa B (NF-κB), activator protein-1 (AP-1), and nuclear factor of activated T cells (NFATs) influenced by CsA were determined using a luciferase assay. The translocation activity of NFAT5 was assessed by confocal microscopy and Western immunoblotting after CsA treatment. Transcriptional activity of NGF was measured after pretreatment of cells with SB20429 (a p38 inhibitor) and NFAT5 small interfering RNA. Results: NGF was induced after treatment with CsA, but not dexamethasone, in the HCECL. NGF expression was mediated via p38 phosphorylation and NFAT5 activation. Transcriptional activities of NF-κB, AP-1, and NFAT1 were not stimulated by CsA; however, nuclear translocation of NFAT5 was markedly upregulated by CsA. CsA-induced NGF production was markedly decreased on inhibition of NFAT5 or SB20429. Conclusions: CsA is a potent inducer of NGF in the HCECL. These results suggest that CsA mediates NGF expression through activation of p38 and NFAT5.
The Effect of Restraint Stress on Glucocorticoid Receptors in Mouse Spleen Lymphocytes: Involvement of the Sympathetic Nervous System

Objective: Reciprocal pathways of interaction between the nervous and immune systems during stress may be regulated by stress-induced circulating glucocorticoids that act via type II glucocorticoid receptors (GRs). The aim of the present study was to investigate the effect of restraint stress on GRs in lymphocytes and the role of the sympathetic system in this effect. Methods: We used male Balb/c mice which were adrenalectomized 3 days before exposure to restraint stress (4 h). Specific binding of 3H-dexamethasone (Dex) and the expression of GR protein were measured in the cytosol of spleen cells. Results: Restraint stress caused a significant increase in the maximal binding of 3H-Dex to GRs in the cytosol of spleen cells but not in the binding affinity. In correlation with this increase in binding, restraint stress caused an increase in the amount of GR protein. To establish the relation of the nervous system in this stress response, we blocked the autonomic innervations to the spleen with the ganglionic blocker chlorisondamine. This blocker abrogated the stress-induced increase in the binding of 3H-Dex to GRs and in the GR protein levels. Abrogation of the stress response was also achieved by blocking β-adrenergic receptors. Conclusion: These results suggest that stress-induced increase in the level of GRs is mediated by the sympathetic nervous system via β-adrenergic receptors. It is possible that stress modulation of lymphocyte GR levels may be implicated in the bidirectional communication between the nervous and the immune systems.
Calcium modulation of adrenocorticotropin levels in women--a clinical research center study.

In vitro calcium modulation of anterior pituitary hormone secretion has been well described. In addition, several investigations performed in human subjects have documented modulation of the circulating levels of pituitary hormones by supraphysiological calcium concentrations. Recent data from our laboratory document the existence of an extracellular calcium-sensing receptor that is thought to mediate the effects of variations in extracellular calcium on the secretion of PTH and calcitonin. We have also demonstrated the presence of this receptor in pituitary-derived, ACTH-secreting AtT-20 cells as well as in the anterior pituitary of rats and mice. In the present study we investigated the effect on anterior pituitary hormone levels of variations in serum calcium within the physiological range. We serially measured serum levels of ionized calcium (Cai), ACTH, cortisol, TSH, and PRL during 90-min iv infusions (on separate days) of calcium, citrate, and dextrose in 10 healthy women with a mean age of 55 +/- 5 yr. During the calcium infusion, the serum Cai level increased significantly from 4.32 +/- 0.10 mg/dL at baseline to 4.86 +/- 0.08 mg/dL at completion (P = 0.002), and this change was accompanied by a significant increment in the serum ACTH level from 9.87 +/- 1.32 to 16.31 +/- 2.84 pg/mL (P = 0.0008). There was no change in the serum ACTH level during the citrate infusion despite significant decrements in serum Cai, nor were there changes in either Cai or ACTH during the dextrose infusion. Finally, changes in Cai did not alter TSH or PRL levels. In summary, our dynamic studies are the first to demonstrate an increase in baseline serum ACTH levels in response to physiological increments in Cai (i.e. increments within the normal range). This effect was specific for increments and not decrements in serum Cai and was selective for ACTH, as TSH and PRL levels did not change with any of the infusions.
Recent advances in the global theory of constant mean curvature surfaces

The theory of complete surfaces of (nonzero) constant mean curvature in $\RR^3$ has progressed markedly in the last decade. This paper surveys a number of these developments in the setting of Alexandrov embedded surfaces; the focus is on gluing constructions and moduli space theory, and the analytic techniques on which these results depend. The last section contains some new results about smoothing the moduli space and about CMC surfaces in asymptotically Euclidean manifolds.
Effect of reverse curve mushroom archwire on lower incisors in adult patients: a prospective study.

This prospective clinical study was undertaken to analyze adult skeletodental changes induced by a reverse curve mushroom archwire during the initial stage of treatment. Lateral cephalograms from before treatment and immediately after bite opening were evaluated from 8 female adult patients who were undergoing lingual orthodontic treatment. Before treatment the patients had a mean overbite of 3.9 mm. Six linear and 5 angular measurements were selected for cephalometric analysis. The mean change in the cephalometric parameters was subjected to paired t-tests to determine whether the change was significant. There was a highly significant overbite reduction (-1.9 mm, P < .001) leaving a postintrusion overbite of 2.0 mm. The lower incisors were intruded 1.5 mm (P < .001) and the lower incisor edge was in an approximately stable sagittal position (L1 to NPg = -0.2 mm, NS). Some lower incisor proclination (L1 to MP = 1.2 degrees) was seen, which was not of significance. The mandibular molars were not significantly extruded. After bite opening the mandibular plane angle was not significantly altered. Consequently, the lower anterior face height was not significantly increased. The results of this study revealed that the use of reverse curve mushroom archwire is capable of intruding the lower incisors with minimal side effects on the posterior teeth.
nriched inorganic compounds in diesel exhaust particles induce itogen-activated protein kinase activation , cytoskeleton instability , nd cytotoxicity in human bronchial epithelial cells

This study assessed the effects of the diesel exhaust particles on ERK and JNK MAPKs activation, cell rheology (viscoelasticity), and cytotoxicity in bronchial epithelial airway cells (BEAS-2B). Crude DEP and DEP after extraction with hexane (DEP/HEX) were utilized. The partial reduction of some DEP/HEX organics increased the biodisponibility of many metallic elements. JNK and ERK were activated simultaneously by crude DEP with no alterations in viscoelasticity of the cells. Mitochondrial activity, however, revealed a decrease through the MTT assay. DEP/HEX treatment increased viscoelasticity and cytotoxicity (membrane damage), and also activated JNK. Our data suggest that the greater bioavailability of metals could be involved in JNK activation and, consequently, in the reduction of fiber coherence and increase in the ell viscoelasticity viscoelasticity and cytotoxicity of BEAS cells. The adverse findings detected after exposure to crude DEP and to DEP/HEX reflect the toxic potential of diesel compounds. Considering the fact that the cells of the respiratory epithelium are the first line of defense between the body and the environment, our data contribute to a better understanding of the pathways leading to respiratory cell injury and provide evidence for the onset of or worsening of respiratory diseases caused by inorganic compounds present in DEP. © 2015 Elsevier GmbH. All rights reserved. Abbreviations: DEP, diesel exhaust particles; DEP/HEX, diesel exhaust paricles treated with hexane; MAPK, mitogen activated protein kinases; PAHs, olycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons; LDH, lactate dehydrogenase; ERK, extracellular egulated kinase; pERK, phosphorylated extracellular regulated kinase; JNK, c-Jun -terminal kinase; pJNK, phosphorylated c-Jun N-terminal kinase; MTT, 3-(4,5imethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide; *(f), complex apparent tiffness; Pa/nm, Pascal per nanometer; , hysteresivity; G*, the complex shear modlus; g′ , the elastic modulus; g′′ , the loss modulus; |G*|, the complex modulus of G*; , |G*| at 0.75 Hz. ∗ Corresponding author at: Faculdade de Medicina USP, Departamento de Patoloia, Av. Dr. Arnaldo 455, 1◦ andar, sala 1150, Cerqueira César, São Paulo, SP, CEP: 1246-903, Brazil. Tel. : +55 11 30618520. E-mail address: mmacchione@lim05.fm. usp.br (M. Macchione). ttp://dx.doi. org/10.1016/j.etp. 2015.02. 004 940-2993/© 2015 Elsevier GmbH. All rights reserved.
Robots as an Interactive Media

This paper explores robots as a newly emerging interactive media. We highlight the distinct and intriguing design challenges and interaction affordances that the physical embodiment of robots brings to the myriad of growing applications for robots in environments where there is a high level of interaction with humans, such as the home or the classroom. This motivates the need to study and evaluate human-robot interaction, much as the HCI community has done for interactions between humans and traditional computers. Towards this goal, we offer our experiences in designing robots that interact with and learn from people.
Wind Integration into Energy Systems with a High Share of Nuclear Power—What Are the Compromises?

Towards low-carbon energy systems, there are countries with ongoing plans for expanding their nuclear power capacity, and simultaneously advancing the role of variable renewable energy sources (RES), namely wind and solar energy. This crossroads of capital-intensive, baseload power production and uncontrollable, intermittent RES may entail new challenges in the optimal and economic operation of power systems. This study examines this case by hourly analysis of a national-level energy system with the EnergyPLAN modeling tool, coupled with wind integration simulations (including uncertainty) implemented using MATLAB. We evaluate the maximum feasible wind integration under different scenarios for nuclear power plants, energy demand, and the flexibility of energy infrastructure for a real case study (Finland). We propose wind-nuclear compromise charts to envision the impact of any mix of these two technologies on four parameters: total costs, power exchange, carbon emissions, and renewable energy integration. The results suggest that nuclear power constrains the room for maximum uptake of wind energy by a descending parabolic relationship. If nuclear power production exceeds 50% of the total power demand, wind will be unlikely to penetrate in shares over 15% of the respective demand. Moreover, we investigate the role of four flexibility options: demand side management, electrical energy storage, smart electric heating, and large-scale heat pumps (backed with thermal energy storage). Heat pumps (which are in connection with combined heat and power (CHP) and district heating systems) offer the highest efficiency in balancing excess power from variable RES. However, power-to-heat options offer a limited capability for absorbing excess power, as oversupply arises mainly in the periods with relatively low demand for heat. This calls for longer-term energy storage and/or other flexibility options to achieve the planned targets in wind-nuclear scenarios.
Use of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual-5 Among Current Music Therapy Students

OF THESIS USE OF THE DIAGNOSTIC AND STATISTICAL MANUAL5 AMONG CURRENT MUSIC THERAPY STUDENTS The Diagnostic and Statistical Manual (DSM) provides updates of diagnostic criteria and it is crucial that clinicians from all relevant fields are aware of new terminology. Music therapists are increasingly being added to interdisciplinary teams and need to efficiently communicate with other professionals. This study aimed to discover if current music therapy students are familiar with the DSM-5 before they enter their professional practice. Music therapy students from two American Music Therapy Association-approved universities completed a survey aimed to assess their use and knowledge of the DSM-5. A total of 58 participants were included in the analysis. Findings from the survey revealed that seniors had a higher level of knowledge of the DSM-5 and referred to it in their courses more so than freshmen and sophomores. However, a high rate of students indicated that they did not discuss the DSM enough in their music therapy courses, non-music therapy courses, and clinical experiences. If more universities were sampled in future studies, educational programs could closely examine the preparedness of music therapy students with regards to DSM training and then make curriculum modifications as needed.
Associated types and constraint propagation for mainstream object-oriented generics

Support for object-oriented programming has become an integral part of mainstream languages, and more recently generic programming has gained widespread acceptance as well. A natural question is how these two paradigms, and their underlying language mechanisms, should interact. One particular design option, that of using subtyping to constrain the type parameters of generic functions, has been chosen in the generics of Java and those planned for a future revision of C#. Certain shortcomings have previously been identified in using subtyping for constraining parametric polymorphism in the context of generic programming.To address these, we propose extending object-oriented interfaces and subtyping to include associated types and constraint propagation.Associated types are type members of interfaces and classes. Constraint propagation allows certain constraints on type parameters to be inferred from other constraints on those parameters and their use in base class type expressions.The paper demonstrates these extensions in the context of C# (with generics), describes a translation of the extended features to C#, and presents a formalism proving their safety. The formalism is applicable to other mainstream object-oriented languages supporting F-bounded polymorphism, such as Java.