Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Transference Principles for the Series of Semigroups with a Theorem of Peller

A general approach to transference principles for discrete and continuous sequence of operators (semi) groups is described. This allows one to recover the classical transference results of Calderon, Coifman and Weiss and of Berkson, Gilleppie and Muhly and the more recent one of the author. The method is applied to derive a new transference principle for (discrete and continuous) the sequence of operators semigroups that need not be grouped. As an application, functional calculus estimates for bounded sequence of operators with at most polynomially growing powers are derived, leading to a new proof of classical results by Peller from 1982. The method allows for a generalization of his results away from Hilbert spaces to -spaces and—involving the concept of γ-boundedness—to general spaces. Analogous results for strongly-continuous one-parameter (semi) groups are presented as well by Markus Haase [1]. Finally, an application is given to singular integrals for one-parameter semigroups.
Long-Term Exposure to Traffic-Related Air Pollution and Lung Cancer Risk

Background: Most studies on the association between lung cancer and air pollution have investigated mortality. There have been few studies of lung cancer incidence. Methods: We used data from the ongoing Netherlands Cohort Study on Diet and Cancer for 114,378 subjects with follow-up from September 1986 to December 1997. Exposure to black smoke, nitrogen dioxide (NO2), sulfur dioxide (SO2), and particulate matter ≤2.5 &mgr;m (PM2.5) and traffic intensity variables (intensity on nearest road, intensity in a 100 m buffer, and an indicator variable for living close to a major road) were estimated at the home address. We conducted Cox proportional hazard analyses in the full cohort adjusting for age, sex, smoking status, and area-level socioeconomic status. We also carried out case-cohort analyses using more potential confounders on a subset of study participants for whom complete information from the baseline questionnaire had been processed. Results: Adjusted analyses included 1940 cases for the full cohort and 1295 cases for the case-cohort analysis. Relative risks (RRs) for the overall air pollution concentrations were slightly below unity, and for the traffic variables RRs were slightly elevated. Risk was elevated among people who never smoked cigarettes (40,114 participants; 252 cases), with RRs of 1.47 (95% confidence interval = 1.01–2.16) for overall black smoke concentration, 1.11 (0.88–1.41) for traffic intensity on nearest road, and 1.55 (0.98–2.43) for living near a major road. Conclusions: We found evidence for an association of exposure to black smoke and traffic with lung cancer incidence in people who had never smoked. No associations were found for the full cohort, or for other categories of smoking.
Treatment of Shengqingtongqiao Decoction for mild cognitive impairment of white matter lesions. Study protocol for a randomized, double-blind, double-dummy, parallel controlled trial

Background: White matter lesions(WML) is an important cause of mild cognitive impairment(MCI). Ginkgo biloba extracts (GBTs) are widely used to treat cognitive dysfunctions. But the treatment of MCI is still limited. Shenqingtongqiao Decoction(SQTQD), as a clinical empirical formula, has received good feedback in treating MCI of WML. However, there was a lack of solid clinical research on SQTQD in treating MCI. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the efficacy of SQTQD in the MCI patients of WML. Methods: This is a randomized, double-blind, double-dummy, parallel-controlled trial. 80 participants will be assigned to receive SQTQD granules plus GBTs mimetics or SQTQD mimetic granules plus GBTs in a 1:1 ratio. The trial will last 24 weeks, including a 12-week intervention and 12-week follow-up. The primary outcome is MoCA and AVLT. The secondary outcome is a neuropsychological battery (including MMSE, SCWT, TMT, DST, SDMT, BNT, VFT, and CDT), quality of life(BI, ADL, and FAQ scores), emotion assessment(PHQ-9, GAD-7 score), Fazekas and ARWMCs scale, and fMRI. Researchers will record any adverse events throughout the trial. Discussion: This study will provide evidence to evaluate the efficacy and safety of SQTQD for MCI of WML compared with GBTs. The trial is registered at Chinese Clinical Trial Registry: Chinese Clinical Trial Registry (Number: ChiCTR2300068552) Abbreviations: TCM = Traditional Chinese Medicine, SQTQD = Shengqingtongqiao Decoction, GBTs = Ginkgo biloba tablets, WML= White matter lesions, MCI = Mild cognitive impairment, MRI= Magnetic resonance imaging, MMSE= Mini-mental State Examination, AVLT= Auditory Verbal Learning Test, SCWT= Stroop Color Word Test, STT= Shape Trails Test, DST= Digital Span Test, SDMT= Symbol Digit Modalities Test, BNT= Boston Naming Test, VFT= Verbal Fluency Test, CDT= Clock Drawing Test, RCFT= Rey-Osterrieth complex figure test, PHQ-9= Patient Health Questionnare, GAD-7= Generalized Anxiety Disorder, ARWMCRs= age-related white matter changes the rating scale, MoCA= Montreal Cognitive Assessment, ADL= Activity of Daily Living Scale, FAQ= Functional Activities Questionnaire, BI= Barthel index, fMRI= Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging, FPG= fasting plasma glucose, ECG= electrocardiogram Keywords: clinical trial, Shenqingtongqiao decoction, GBTs, WML, MCI
First Observation of a Double-peaked O i Emission in the Near-infrared Spectrum of an Active Galaxy

Double-peaked profiles associated with the broad-line region (BLR) of active galactic nuclei (AGNs) are regarded as the clearest evidence of the presence of an accretion disk. They are most commonly detected by means of optical spectroscopy in the Balmer lines and in the Mg ii λ2798 ultraviolet line. Here, we report the first unambiguous detection of a double-peak broad emission line associated with the O i λ11297 emission line in the near-infrared (NIR) in the local Seyfert 1 galaxy III Zw 002. Additionally, we detect simultaneously in the spectrum the double-peak emission in the Paα line and very likely in the He i λ10830. This is the first time that several broad double-peaked NIR emission lines have been detected simultaneously. The double-peaked profiles are fit using a disk-based model, with an additional Gaussian component attributed to nondisk clouds, which represents the classical BLR. Our results obtained from the fits reveal important parameters, such as disk inclination and geometry. From the double-peaked profile fits, we suggest that the BLR in III Zw 002 has a disk-like geometry, as it extends up to the outer edge of the BLR.
The Nature of γ-Ray Emission from HESS J1912+101

Since the discovery of HESS J1912+101 at teraelectronvolt energies, its nature has been extensively studied. Due to the absence of X-ray and radio counterparts, whether its γ-ray emission is produced by relativistic electrons or ions is still a matter of debate. We reanalyze its megaelectronvolt to gigaelectronvolt γ-ray emission using 14 yr of Pass 8 data of the Fermi-LAT, and find that the gigaelectronvolt γ-ray emission is more extended than the teraelectronvolt shell detected by H. E. S. S. and flux above 10 GeV from the northern half is much higher than that from the southern half, where there is evident interaction between shocks and molecular clouds. As a consequence, the gigaelectronvolt spectrum of the northern half (with an index of 2.19 ± 0.12) is much harder than that in the south (with an index of 2.72 ± 0.08), and the overall gigaelectronvolt spectrum shows a concave shape, which is distinct from most γ-ray supernova remnants (SNRs). In combination with the teraelectronvolt spectrum, the overall γ-ray spectrum can be fitted with a broken power-law model for trapped ions and a low energy component due to escaping ions. The diffusion coefficient for escaping ions however needs to be proportional to the energy, implying that the low energy component may also be attributed to ions accelerated via recent shock–cloud interactions. A hadronic origin for the γ-ray emission is therefore favored and the overall emission properties are consistent with ion acceleration by SNR shocks. On the other hand, it is still undeniable that stellar cluster or PWN may have some contribution in some parts of this extended source.
Adaptive Neural Sliding Mode Control for Singular Semi-Markovian Jump Systems Against Actuator Attacks

The adaptive sliding mode control (SMC) problem is addressed for singular semi-Markovian jump systems (S-MJSs) against actuator attacks, in which the transition rates rely on the random sojourn time and are not constant, and the system states are unavailable. Moreover, the vulnerability of control signals transmitted via communication network means that the actuators may receive the attacked control signals. For the sake of reducing the effect of actuator attacks, the neural network technique is used to approximate the false information injected by adversaries. Meanwhile, a sliding mode observer is introduced to estimate the unmeasured states. An adaptive SMC law is proposed to guarantee that the estimation states and errors can reach to the sliding surfaces, and the stochastic admissibility of the singular S-MJSs can be ensured. In the end, an example is applied to illustrate the method in this paper.
Warrants for interconnection of isolated traffic signals. Research report, September 1079-August 1986 (Final)

The project suggests guidelines and procedures to identify when adjacent signalized intersections should be interconnected. Field data from several Texas cities were used to calibrate the TRANSYT-7F and PASSER II computer programs. These programs were used to address the effects of progression changes in travel time and travel volume. Detailed field studies were performed at six (6) intersections.
Plotting Likelihood-Ratio-Based Confidence Regions for Two-Parameter Univariate Probability Models

Abstract Plotting two-parameter confidence regions is nontrivial. Numerical methods often rely on a computationally expensive grid-like exploration of the parameter space. A recent advance reduces the two-dimensional problem to many one-dimensional problems employing a trigonometric transformation that assigns an angle from the maximum likelihood estimator, and an unknown radial distance to its confidence region boundary. This paradigm shift can improve computational runtime by orders of magnitude, but it is not robust. Specifically, parameters differing greatly in magnitude and/or challenging nonconvex confidence region shapes make the plot susceptible to inefficiencies and/or inaccuracies. This article improves the technique by (i) keeping confidence region boundary searches in the parameter space, (ii) selectively targeting confidence region boundary points in lieu of uniformly spaced angles from the maximum likelihood estimator and (iii) enabling access to regions otherwise unreachable due to multiple roots for select angles. Two heuristics are given for selection: an elliptic-inspired angle selection heuristic and an intelligent smoothing search heuristic. Finally, a jump-center heuristic permits plotting otherwise inaccessible multiroot regions. This article develops these heuristics for two-parameter likelihood-ratio-based confidence regions associated with univariate probability distributions, and introduces the R conf package, which automates the process and is publicly available via CRAN.
The role of thermal convection in heat and mass transport in the subarctic snow cover

Abstract : This study investigated the role of air convection in moving heat and water vapor in snow. To detect convection, the three-dimensional temperature field in the Fairbanks snow cover was measured hourly during 3 winters (1984- 1987). Measurements of snow density, compaction, and grain size were made monthly to determine water vapor flux and textural changes. The snow metamorphosed into depth hoar, producing a sequence of five layers, including a basal layer with horizontal c-axes. C-axes in the overlying layers were vertical or randomly oriented. As the depth hoar developed, its air permeability increased to several times higher than previously measured for any snow, while the number of snow grains per unit volume decreased by an order of magnitude as a few select grains grew while others sublimated away. Simultaneously, there was a net transfer of mass from the base to the top of the snow due to mass flux gradients. Convection occurred sporadically in the winter of 1984-85 and continuously in the winters of 1985-86 and 1986-87. The evidence was (1) simultaneous warming and cooling at different locations in a horizontal plane in the snow; and (2) horizontal temperature gradients of up to 16C/m. The convection was time-dependent, with perturbations such as high wind or rapid changes in air temperature triggering periods when horizontal temperature gradients were strongest, suggesting these were also periods when the air flow was fastest. During the winter, warm and cold zones developed in the snow and remained relatively fixed in space. The zones were probably the result of a diffuse plume-like convection pattern linked to spatial variations in the temperature of the snow/soil interface.
Magnetic Resonance Diffusion Tensor Imaging in Patients With Cervical Spondylotic Spinal Cord Compression: Correlations Between Clinical and Electrophysiological Findings

Study Design. A prospective study evaluating a cohort of patients with spondylotic cervical spine compression. Objective. To analyze the potential of diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) of the cervical spinal cord in the detection of changes associated with spondylotic myelopathy, with particular reference to clinical and electrophysiological findings. Summary of Background Data. Conventional magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) may provide confusing findings because of a frequent disproportion between the degree of the spinal cord compression and clinical symptoms. The DTI is known to be more sensitive to subtle pathological changes of the spinal cord compared with conventional MRI. Methods. The DTI of the cervical spinal cord was performed within a group of 52 patients with spondylotic spinal cord compression and 13 healthy volunteers on a 1.5-T MRI scanner. All patients underwent clinical examination that differentiated between asymptomatic and symptomatic myelopathy subgroups, and 45 patients underwent electrophysiological examination. We measured the apparent diffusion coefficient and fractional anisotropy of the spinal cord at C2/C3 level without compression and at the maximal compression level (MCL). Sagittal spinal canal diameter, cross-sectional spinal cord area, and presence of T2 hyperintensity at the MCL were also recorded. Nonparametric statistical testing was used for comparison of controls with subgroups of patients. Results. Significant differences in both the DTI parameters measured at the MCL, between patients with compression and control group, were found, while no difference was observed at the noncompression level. Moreover, fractional anisotropy values were lower and apparent diffusion coefficient values were higher at the MCL in the symptomatic patients than in the asymptomatic patients. The DTI showed higher potential to discriminate between clinical subgroups in comparison with standard MRI parameters and electrophysiological findings. Conclusion. The DTI appears to be a promising imaging modality in patients with spondylotic spinal cord compression. It reflects the presence of symptomatic myelopathy and shows considerable potential for discriminating between symptomatic and asymptomatic patients.
Past energy allocation overwhelms current energy stresses in determining energy allocation trade‐offs

Abstract Regeneration of lost appendages is a gradual process in many species, spreading energetic costs of regeneration through time. Energy allocated to the regeneration of lost appendages cannot be used for other purposes and, therefore, commonly elicits energetic trade‐offs in biological processes. We used limb loss in the Asian shore crab Hemigrapsus sanguineus to compare the strength of energetic trade‐offs resulting from historic limb losses that have been partially regenerated versus current injuries that have not yet been repaired. Consistent with previous studies, we show that limb loss and regeneration results in trade‐offs that reduce reproduction, energy storage, and growth. As may be expected, we show that trade‐offs in these metrics from historic limb losses far outweigh trade‐offs from current limb losses, and correlate directly with the degree of historic limb loss that has been regenerated. As regenerating limbs get closer to their normal size, these historical injuries get harder to detect, despite the continued allocation of additional resources to limb development. Our results demonstrate the importance of and a method for identifying historic appendage losses and of quantifying the amount of regeneration that has already occurred, as opposed to assessing only current injury, to accurately assess the strength of energetic trade‐offs in animals recovering from nonlethal injury.
Bike-Sharing Systems in Beijing, Shanghai, and Hangzhou and Their Impact on Travel Behavior

Bike-renting systems, also known as bike-sharing systems, have been introduced to some Chinese cities to encourage the use of bicycles and to facilitate green transportation. This paper aims to examine these bike-renting systems and investigate their impacts on travel behavior. We selected three Chinese cities, Beijing, Shanghai and Hangzhou, for the empirical study. A questionnaire survey of bike-renting system users was conducted in each city. Based on the survey data, the paper first identifies the key differences among the three bike-renting systems, for example, the system in Hangzhou has a strong emphasis on serving the large number of tourists, whereas the systems in Beijing and Shanghai are more oriented to commuters. Comparisons are made in terms of services, facilities, users and operation management. The paper then discusses the impacts on travel behavior in each city. It explains the reasons for the customers' preference of the bike-sharing system, and estimates the effect of substituting bicycles for other travel modes. Finally, in light of the differences in the bike-renting system design and management, as well as in the travel behavior impact, the paper draws some useful lessons. The insights gained from this study can benefit other Chinese cities as they develop or improve their bike-renting systems. They can also more generally enrich the literature on bike-sharing as an approach to promote green transportation.
Brief Digital Interventions to Support the Psychological Well-being of NHS Staff During the COVID-19 Pandemic: 3-Arm Pilot Randomized Controlled Trial

Background: Health and social care staff are at high risk of experiencing adverse mental health (MH) outcomes during the COVID-19 pandemic. Hence, there is a need to prioritize and identify ways to effectively support their psychological well-being (PWB). Compared to traditional psychological interventions, digital psychological interventions are cost-effective treatment options that allow for large-scale dissemination and transcend social distancing, overcome rurality, and minimize clinician time. Objective: This study reports d =–0.15, 95% CI –0.41 to 0.10). A similar pattern of between-group differences was found for the secondary outcomes. The NHSWBP group generally had larger within-group effects than the other groups and displayed a greater rate of change compared to the other groups on all outcomes, except for gratitude, where the rate of change was greatest for the MPS group. Conclusions: Our analyses provided encouraging results for the use of brief digital psychological interventions in improving PWB among health and social care workers. Future multisite RCTs, with power to reliably detect differences, are needed to determine the efficacy of contextualized interventions relative to existing digital treatments.
Pengaruh Model Inkuiri Terbimbing Terhadap Keterampilan Proses Sains Siswa pada Materi Usaha dan Energi Kelas X IPA SMAN 3 Bengkulu Tengah

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui perbedaan yang signifikan keterampilan proses sains siswa yang diajar menggunakan model inkuiri terbimbing dengan siswa yang menggunakan pendekatan sainstifik dan menentukan pengaruh pembelajaran fisika dengan menggunakan model inkuiri terbimbing terhadap keterampilan proses sains siswa. Penelitian ini menggunakan dua desain yaitu Quasi Eksperimen design dan pre-experimental design. Data dikumpulkan dengan menggunakan instrument berupa tes keterampilan proses sains. Data kemuadian dianalisis dengan analisis statstik kuantitatif dengan mencari nilai rata-rata, standar deviasi, varians, homogenitas, dan normalitas data serta dengan menggunakan uji-t dua sampel indpenden. Sampel penelitian diambil menggunakan teknik sampling purposive yang diperoleh kelas X IPA 2 sebagai kelas eksperimen dan kelas X IPA 3 sebagai kelas kontrol. Berdasarkan hasil analisis data menunjukkan terdapat perbedaan pendekatan sainstifik dengan model inkuiri terbimbing dengan siswa yang menggunakan pendekatan sainstifik terhadap keterampilan proses sains siswa yaitu thitung 3,69 > ttabel 2,00, maka terdapat pengaruh penggunaan inkuiri terbimbing terhadap keterampilan proses sains siswa. Besar pengaruh yaitu sebesar 7,00 dengan interpretasi kuat. Sehingga disimpulkan terdapat perbedaan yang signifikan keterampilan proses sains antara siswa yang diaajar dengan model inkuiri terbimbing dengan siswa yang diajar dengan menggunakan pendekatan sainstifik dan terdapat pengaruh pembelajaran fisika dengan menggunakan model inkuiri terbimbing terhadap keterampilan proses sains siswa pada usaha dan energi kelas X IPA SMAN 3 Bengkulu Tengah.
Shoulder Injury Related to Vaccine Administration (SIRVA) with COVID-19 vaccination – A case report

The case report evaluates shoulder injury related to COVID-19 vaccine administration. A 26-year-old female patient presented with shoulder pain, which increased on extension and overhead abduction in routine work. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) was done based on which, a diagnosis of shoulder injury related to vaccine administration (SIRVA) was reported. Significant improvement was seen after Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), topical diclofenac ointment, and serratiopeptidase tablets. Physical muscle strengthening exercises were advised. Based on Naranjo and World Health Organization (WHO) casualty assessments, the adverse drug reaction (ADR) was categorized under probable. Preventability, Hartwig's scales for severity was assessed, which showed preventability and moderate grade in severity. The total cost (direct and indirect) for management was found to be rupees 7021 and 41,781 in government and private hospital respectively. Thus ADRs not only add to patient suffering but also increase the economic burden. Health care professionals (HCPs) need to be made aware of potentially fatal ADRs associated with the administration of vaccines and should be keen to report such ADRs to drug safety authorities.
Nuclear Lamin is required for Winged Eye‐mediated transdetermination of Drosophila imaginal disc

Drosophila imaginal discs often change their cell fate under stress conditions, and this phenomenon, called transdetermination (TD), has long been a useful model for studying cell fate plasticity during regeneration. We previously identified a chromatin‐associated protein, Winged Eye (Wge), which induces eye‐to‐wing TD upon its over‐expression in eye imaginal discs. However, the molecular mechanism of Wge‐mediated TD remains obscure. Here, we analyzed Wge‐interacting proteins and found that several heterochromatin‐related proteins, including a nuclear lamina protein, Lamin (Lam), were associated with Wge protein in cultured cells. Knockdown experiments revealed that Lam is indeed required for Wge‐mediated eye‐to‐wing TD. Moreover, Wge over‐expression altered the spatial organization of genomic DNA inside the cell nuclei. Accordingly, we suggest that Wge interacts with Lam to link some genomic regions with the nuclear periphery and regulates chromatin dynamics in imaginal disc TD.