Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
MCM-41-Type Mesoporous Silicas Modified with Alumina in the Role of Catalysts for Methanol to Dimethyl Ether Dehydration

MCM-41-type mesoporous silicas were modified with alumina by the impregnation, co-condensation, and template ion-exchange (TIE) methods. The obtained materials were characterized with respect to their chemical composition (ICP-OES), textural parameters (low-temperature N2 sorption), structure (XRD), and surface acidity (NH3-TPD) and tested as catalysts of methanol to dimethyl ether (DME) dehydration in a flow microreactor system. The catalytic performance of the studied materials was analyzed with respect to their porous structure, as well as their density and the strength of their acid sites. It was shown that the performance of the studied catalysts depends on the contribution of the surface exposed aluminum species, as well as their aggregation. For the most active catalyst, the study of its catalytic stability under rection conditions was performed. It was shown that the catalyst can be effectively regenerated by the incineration of carbon deposits under air flow at 550 °C for 1 h.
Social threat and safety learning in individuals with adverse childhood experiences: electrocortical evidence on face processing, recognition, and working memory

ABSTRACT Background: Adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) are often associated with stress and anxiety-related disorders in adulthood, and learning and memory deficits have been suggested as a potential link between ACEs and psychopathology. Objective: In this preregistered study, the impact of social threat learning on the processing, encoding, and recognition of unknown faces as well as their contextual settings was measured by recognition performance and event-related brain potentials. Method: Sixty-four individuals with ACEs encoded neutral faces within threatening or safe context conditions. During recognition, participants had to decide whether a face was new or had been previously presented in what context (item-source memory), looking at old and new faces. For visual working memory, participants had to detect changes in low and high load conditions during contextual threat or safety. Results: Results showed a successful induction of threat expectation in persons with ACEs. In terms of face and source recognition, overall recognition of safe and new faces was better compared to threatening face-compounds, with more socially anxious individuals having an advantage in remembering threatening faces. For working memory, an effect of task load was found on performance, irrespective of threat or safety context. Regarding electrocortical activity, an old/new recognition effect and threat-selective processing of face–context information was observed during both encoding and recognition. Moreover, neural activity associated with change detection was found for faces in a threatening context, but only at high task load, suggesting reduced capacity for faces in potentially harmful situations when cognitive resources are limited. Conclusion: While individuals with ACE showed intact social threat and safety learning overall, threat-selective face processing was observed for item/source memory, and a threatening context required more processing resources for visual working memory. Further research is needed to investigate the psychophysiological processes involved in functional and dysfunctional memory systems and their importance as vulnerability factors for stress-related disorders. HIGHLIGHTS In this study, we show that while overall memory performance was not impaired in highly anxious participants with adverse childhood experiences, socially learned contextual threat modulated both the encoding, processing and recognition of unknown person identities.
Adviser Value Added and Student Outcomes: Evidence from Randomly Assigned College Advisers

This paper provides the first causal evidence on the impact of college adviser quality on student outcomes. To do so, we exploit a unique setting where students are randomly assigned to faculty advisers during their first year of college. We find that higher adviser value added (VA) substantially improves freshman year GPA, time to complete freshman year and four-year graduation rates. Additionally, higher adviser VA increases high-ability students’ likelihood of enrolling and graduating with a STEM degree. Our results indicate that allocating resources towards improving the quality of academic advising may play a key role in promoting college success. (JEL I23, I26, J24, J31, O15)
Carbon versus nitrogen release from root and leaf litter is modulated by litter position and plant functional type

Litters of leaves and roots of different qualities occur naturally above‐ and below‐ground, respectively, where they decompose in contrasting abiotic and biotic environments. Therefore, ecosystem carbon (C) and nitrogen (N) dynamics can be strongly affected by the combination of litter position and quality. However, it is poorly understood how C versus N turnover of litters depend on the interplay among plant functional type (PFT), organs, traits and litter position. In a semi‐arid inland dune, soil surface and buried leaf litters and buried fine roots of 25 species across three PFTs (herbs, legume shrubs and nonlegume shrubs) were incubated for 3, 6, 9, 12, 18 and 24 months to investigate litter decomposition and C and N dynamics. Morphological and chemical (nutrient and NMR carbon) traits of initial litters of leaves and fine roots were determined. The litter decomposition rates (k values) of surface leaves and buried fine roots did not differ, but buried fine roots and buried leaf litter decomposed faster than surface leaf litter. Ratios of k values of surface leaves to buried leaves decreased with leaf C:N ratio. Herbs and legume shrubs decomposed faster than nonlegume shrubs for buried fine roots, but not for leaves. At given C loss, buried fine roots had higher N loss than leaf litters; legume shrubs with relatively higher N or lower C:N ratio had higher N loss than nonlegume shrubs. Stronger positive relationships between C and N losses were shown in leaves and legume shrubs than in fine roots and nonlegume shrubs respectively. Synthesis. The generality of faster N release of legume litters at given C release highlights the importance of legumes in N cycling in semi‐arid ecosystems where N is the limiting factor. The dynamics and coordination of C versus N release as a function of litter quality are modulated by litter position and PFT. These findings have important implications for the development of process‐based models on C and N cycles in the context of on‐going global change potentially altering the functional composition of plant communities and the relative quantities and qualities of above‐ground versus below‐ground litter.
Smart Materials Leading to Restorative Dentistry: An Overview

Dental material has emerged in the last few decades with enhanced biological properties. The prime characteristics required for dental materials are that they should be compatible with oral cavity fluids such as saliva and gingival crevicular fluids. Their functionality should be enhanced in the presence of such biological factors. Scientific advancements in exploring innovative materials have led to the possibility of achieving beneficial results by using materials that respond more dynamically to the environment in which they are placed. Currently available dental materials are improvised. Restorative materials such as smart composites, smart ceramics, compomers, resin-modified glass ionomer, amorphous calcium phosphate (ACP)-releasing pit and fissure sealants, and other smart burs and orthodontic shape memory alloys have all benefited from the usage of smart materials in dentistry.
Trends and Future Directions in Automated Ransomware Detection

Ransomware attacks constitute major security threats to personal and corporate data and information. A successful ransomware attack results in significant security and privacy violations with attendant financial losses and reputational damages to owners of computer-based resources. This makes it imperative for accurate, timely and reliable detection of ransomware. Several techniques have been proposed for ransomware detection and each technique has its strengths and limitations. The aim of this paper is to discuss the current trends and future directions in automated ransomware detection. The paper provides a background discussion on ransomware as well as historical background and chronology of ransomware attacks. It also provides a detailed and critical review of recent approaches to ransomware detection, prevention, mitigation and recovery. A major strength of the paper is the presentation of the chronology of ransomware attacks from its inception in 1989 to the latest attacks occurring in 2021. Another strength of the study is that a large proportion of the studies reviewed were published between 2015 and 2022. This provides readers with an up-to-date knowledge of the state-of-the-art in ransomware detection. It also provides insights into advances in strategies for preventing, mitigating and recovering from ransomware attacks. Overall, this paper presents researchers with open issues and possible research problems in ransomware detection, prevention, mitigation and recovery.
Mechanistic Studies and a Retrospective Cohort Study: The Interaction between PPAR Agonists and Immunomodulatory Agents in Multiple Myeloma

Simple Summary Cereblon (CRBN) is a direct binding target of immunomodulatory drugs (IMiDs) that are commonly used to treat multiple myeloma (MM). Many patients with MM have comorbidities, including diabetes and/or dyslipidemia, and are treated with peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR) agonists. This study aimed to further analyze the effects and mechanisms underlying the drug-to-drug interactions between IMiDs and PPAR agonists in MM. We found that PPAR agonists reduced CRBN expression by inducing DNA methylation and increasing protein degradation. PPAR agonists and IMiDs showed opposing metabolic effects in MM cells. Our retrospective study suggested an inferior response and outcome when PPARs and IMiDs were concurrently administered. Our study has important implications for the care of patients with MM and provides a foundation for exploring novel compounds or PPAR partial agonists/antagonists that can increase CRBN expression while retaining their lipid-lowering or insulin-sensitizing functions. Abstract Our previous study demonstrated that peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR) agonists downregulated cereblon (CRBN) expression and reduced the anti-myeloma activity of lenalidomide in vitro and in vivo. We aimed to determine whether DNA methylation and protein degradation contribute to the effects of PPAR agonists. CRBN promoter methylation status was detected using methylation-specific polymerase chain reaction. The CRBN protein degradation rate was measured using a cycloheximide chase assay. Metabolomic analysis was performed in multiple myeloma (MM) cells treated with PPAR agonists and/or lenalidomide. Our retrospective study determined the effect of co-administration of PPAR agonists with immunomodulatory drugs on the outcomes of patients with MM. CpG islands of the CRBN promoter region became highly methylated upon treatment with PPAR agonists, whereas treatment with PPAR antagonists resulted in unmethylation. The CRBN protein was rapidly degraded after treatment with PPAR agonists. Lenalidomide and fenofibrate showed opposite effects on acylcarnitines and amino acids. Co-administration of immunomodulatory drugs and PPAR agonists was associated with inferior treatment responses and poor survival. Our study provides the first evidence that PPAR agonists reduce CRBN expression through various mechanisms including inducing methylation of CRBN promoter CpG island, enhancing CRBN protein degradation, and affecting metabolomics of MM cells.
Electroweak, strong interactions and Higgs fields as components of gravity in noncommutative spacetime

A new noncommutative spacetime of structure $ {\cal M}^4 \times Z_2 \times Z_2$ is proposed. The generalized Hilbert-Einstein action contains gravity, all known interactions and Higgs field. This theory can also provide a unified geometric framework for multigravity, which might explain the existence of dark matter and inflationary cosmology. In other words, high energy physics has laid out the crude shape of the new spacetime, while cosmology will shed light to the more details of it.
Psychological Indicator(s) in Stock Activities considering SDGs: The Wealth Maximization Criteria of Investors and Growth of Economy

Objective-Psychological Indicator specifies impetus and drift way, in addition to overbought and overvalued worth echelons and its conforming conceivable mean setbacks. These indicators play an essential role in sustainable development goals via stock market activities. The central objectives of the study are to identify the key psychological cognitive indicators behind the abnormal movements of the market. Methodology -For this purpose, a Semi-structured scale - developed on a self-basis - (with the help of literature and connoisseur’s meetings) was used after the context and the content validity to get an extensive array of differentiated information. Results-According to the experts of the market: investors do not always behave rationally, most investors either fall in the category of overconfident investors or status quo investors, usually the Rookies or beginners in the stock markets only have elementary knowledge and basic experience in the investment domain, based on little or no knowledge of rookies it is actually so hard for them to recognize the future prospects of the securities, and not only investors but stock market’s financial analysts can also be subjected to the behavioral biases but on the other hand in order to understand and recognize one’s own behavioral biases and proneness towards those biases investors can rely on financial planners. Conclusion-The traditional economic theory states that the investor is rational: which is not true in every case and is hard to generalize. Investors must overcome the general predispositions that lead to poor decision-making if they are to become successful in the stock market in the long run. And the investor must learn all about the investment accounts available in the stock market
Secondary Selling: Beyond the Salesperson–Customer Dyad

A study involving unobtrusive observations of salespeople's behaviors in sales settings surfaces a novel insight: a salesperson's selling effectiveness with a customer may be enhanced by the way the salesperson interacts with secondary entities, such as objects and people outside the core salesperson–customer dyad. Based on this insight and social interest theory, this research introduces the construct of secondary selling. It refers to a salesperson interacting with secondary entities in a manner that indicates to a focal customer that the salesperson values these entities. The pattern of results from four follow-on studies using multiple methods and data sources indicates that, in general, secondary selling reduces a focal customer's reactance to a salesperson's recommendations, which leads to higher sales revenue and customer satisfaction. Customers with high persuasion knowledge (compared with customers with lower persuasion knowledge) are more favorably influenced by secondary selling involving company property but less favorably influenced by secondary selling involving nonfocal customers. In addition to reducing a focal customer's reactance to sales recommendations, secondary selling also helps primary selling (targeted at a focal customer) reduce the customer's reactance to a greater extent. Overall, the results provide evidence of the pervasive and influential role of secondary selling in boosting sales revenue and customer satisfaction in sales exchanges.
The thermal reactivity of HCN and NH3 in interstellar ice analogues

HCN is a molecule central to interstellar chemistry, since i t is the simplest molecule containing a carbon-nitrogen bond and its solid state chemistry is r ich. The aim of this work was to study the NH3 + HCN→ NH + CN − thermal reaction in interstellar ice analogues. Laborator y experiments based on Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and mass spectrometry were performed to characterise the NH + CN − reaction product and its formation kinetics. This reaction is purely thermal and can occur at low temperatures in interstellar ices without requiring non-thermal processing by photons, electrons or cosmic rays. The reaction rate constant has a temperature dependence of k(T ) = 0.016 +0.010 −0.006 s −1 exp( −2.7±0.4 kJ mol −1 RT ) when NH3 is much more abundant than HCN. When both reactants are diluted in water ice, the reaction is slowed down. We have estimated the CN − ion band strength to be ACN − = 1.8±1.5×10 −17 cm molec −1 at both 20 K and 140 K. NH + CN − exhibits zeroth-order multilayer desorption kinetics wit h a rate of kdes(T ) = 10 28 molecules cm −2 s −1 exp( −38.0±1.4 kJ mol −1
Emulating aΛCDM-like expansion on the phantom brane

In [Schmidt PRD 80 123003 (2009)], the author suggested that dynamical dark energy (DDE) propagating on the phantom brane could mimick $\Lambda$CDM. Schmidt went on to derive a phenomenological expression for $\rho_{\rm DE}$ which could achieve this. We demonstrate that while Schmidt's central premise is correct, the expression for $\rho_{\rm DE}$ derived in Schmidt (2009) is flawed. We derive the correct expression for $\rho_{\rm DE}$ which leads to $\Lambda$CDM-like expansion on the phantom brane. We also show that DDE on the brane can be associated with a Quintessence field and derive a closed form expression for its potential $V(\phi)$. Interestingly the $\alpha$-attractor based potential $V(\phi) \propto \coth^2{\lambda\phi}$ makes braneworld expansion resemble $\Lambda$CDM. However the two models can easily be distinguished on the basis of density perturbations which grow at different rates on the braneworld and in $\Lambda$CDM.
KAGOME APPROXIMATION FOR 3He ON HUSIMI LATTICE WITH TWO- AND THREE-SITE EXCHANGE INTERACTIONS

The Ising approximation of the Heisenberg model in a strong magnetic field, with two-, and three-spin exchange interactions are studied on a Husimi lattice. This model can be considered as an approximation of the third layer of 3He absorbed on the surface of graphite (kagome lattice). Using dynamic approach, we have found exact recursion relation for the partition function. For different values of exchange parameters and temperature, the diagrams of magnetization are plotted and showed that magnetization properties of the model vary from ferromagnetic to antiferromagnetic depending on the value of model parameters. For antiferromagnetic case magnetization plateau at 1/3 of saturation field is obtained. Lyapunov exponent for recursion relation are considered and showed absence of bifurcation points in thermodynamic limit. The Yang–Lee zeros are analyzed in terms of neutral fixed points and showed that Yang–Lee zeros of the model are located on the arcs of the circle with the radius R = 1.
Konsep Syahid dalam Tafsir Al-Azhar: Analisis Pendekatan Julia Kristeva

Fokus penelitian ini adalah pada kata syahid dalam kitab tafsir Al-Azhar yang dikaji menggunakan teori semanalisis dan intertekstualitas Julia Kristeva secara mendalam. Adapun tujuan penelitian ini ialah untuk mencari korelasi antara tafsir al-Azhar karya Buya Hamka dan kitab tafsir Fi Dzilali Al-Qur’an karya Sayyid Qutb. Dalam penelitian ini, penulis menggunakan metode deskriptif-kualitatif yang termasuk ke dalam kategori kajian pusaka (library research). Pengumpulan data yang digunakan ialah melalui buku-buku, artikel, dan tulisan-tulisan yang terkait dengan penelitian. Hasil dari penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa kitab tafsir al-Azhar memiliki transposisi korelasi teks dengan kitab tafsir Fi Dzilali Al-Qur’an yang masuk dalam kategori eksistensi, parallel dan modifikasi.
Effects of water–nitrogen coupling on soil water and nitrogen, photosynthesis, yield and water use of lettuce under different application rates of poly‐γ‐glutamic acid

As an environmentally friendly, super water‐absorbable agent and fertilizer synergist, the influences of poly‐γ‐glutamic acid (γ‐PGA) on soil N and crop photosynthesis are still not well understood. A pot experiment was conducted to evaluate the effects of water–nitrogen coupling on soil water and nitrogen content, photosynthesis, yield and irrigation water use efficiency (IWUE) of lettuce under different γ‐PGA application rates. In this study, there were three factors and four levels: γ‐PGA with four application levels of 0, 1, 2 and 4 g kg−1; the rates of urea were 0, 0.2, 0.4 and 0.6 g kg−1; and the irrigation amounts were 40%, 60%, 80% and 100% of the lettuce water requirement (ETc). The results showed that within 8 days after sowing, the soil water and nitrogen (NO3−‐N and NH4+‐N) content increased with increasing γ‐PGA application rates. The amount of irrigation water and nitrogen application had an effect on IWUE, net photosynthetic rate (Pn) and stomatal conductance (Gs). Lettuce yield was significantly correlated with Pn, Gs and intercellular CO2 concentration (Ci) by path analysis. Moreover, the P2N2W3 treatment (γ‐PGA 2 g kg−1, nitrogen 0.2 g kg−1 and 80% ETc) was the most suitable treatment to obtain the highest lettuce yield and IWUE.
Coping With the Fear of Compartment Syndrome Without Compromising Analgesia: A Narrative Review

Pain management in trauma or surgery with a high risk of developing compartment syndrome (CS) is always challenging due to fears of masking symptoms that could delay diagnosis and treatment. Regional anesthesia/analgesia (RA) can facilitate enhanced postoperative recovery and improve patient satisfaction by providing excellent postoperative analgesia. However, its consideration in surgeries with a high risk of developing CS remains controversial and contentious. Studies suggest focusing more on early diagnosis through regular vigilant monitoring with a high index of suspicion rather than discontinuing the analgesic method alone. The most consistent features in all reported cases of CS were altered sensation in the affected limb, disproportionate pain in the presence of a functional nerve block, and an escalating need for analgesics. Several extrinsic or intrinsic factors are responsible for the progressive increase in compartment pressure that can lead to vascular compromise and subsequent ischemic changes in muscles, tissues, and nerves. Measurement of intracompartmental pressure (ICP) has always been considered the gold standard for diagnosing CS. An ICP of 30 mm Hg is considered the cut-off point for fasciotomy that helps restore muscle perfusion and avoid irreversible tissue damage. The chronology of symptoms can sometimes provide clues to the severity of CS, the pathophysiology involved, and the management required. Therefore, it is necessary to look for warning signs, further investigate the causes, and make quick decisions to diagnose and treat CS and its complications on time. Any delay in the diagnosis and treatment of CS can result in high morbidity and poor outcomes. A well-integrated interprofessional team of health professionals can deliver the required complexity of care through a holistic and multidisciplinary approach. This review article highlights the symptoms, risk factors, and pathophysiology involved in CS. It can guide readers in choosing various options to diagnose, prevent, and treat CS. It also discusses the role of RA in patients or surgeries prone to developing CS.