Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
In Vivo Three-Dimensional Lamina Cribrosa Strains in Healthy, Ocular Hypertensive, and Glaucoma Eyes Following Acute Intraocular Pressure Elevation.

Purpose To compare in vivo lamina cribrosa (LC) strains (deformations) following acute IOP elevation in healthy, glaucoma, and ocular hypertensive subjects. Methods There were 20 healthy, 20 high-tension primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG), 16 primary angle-closure glaucoma (PACG), and 20 ocular hypertensive (OHT; with normal visual fields) eyes studied. For each test eye, the optic nerve head was imaged three times (at baseline IOP, following an acute elevation of IOP to approximately 35 then 45 mm Hg using an ophthalmodynamomter) using optical coherence tomography (OCT). A three-dimensional (3D) strain-mapping algorithm was applied to both sets of baseline and IOP-elevated OCT volumes to extract IOP-induced 3D strains. Octant-wise LC strains were also extracted to study the pattern of local deformation. Results The average LC strain in OHT subjects (3.96%) was significantly lower than that measured in healthy subjects (6.81%; P < 0.05). On average, POAG subjects experienced higher strain than the PACG subjects (4.05%), healthy subjects experienced higher strains than the POAG and PACG subjects, but these difference were not statistically significant. Local LC deformations showed lowest strain in the infero-temporal and temporal octant in the POAG and OHT subjects. Conclusions We demonstrate measurable LC strains in vivo in humans as a response to acute IOP elevation. In this population, our data suggest that OHT LCs experience lower IOP-induced strains than healthy LCs.
Cisplatin combined with prostaglandin E1 chemotherapy in rat peritoneal carcinomatosis

Cisplatin intraperitoneal (i.p.) chemotherapy is frequently performed for patients with peritoneal carcinomatosis. However, cisplatin penetrates only the surface of the peritoneal tumor and has serious side effects on renal cells. Thus, cisplatin i.p. chemotherapy had been limited to use for these patients. Prostaglandin E1 (PGE1) has been used for reducing the toxic effects of anticancer drugs because of its cytoprotective effects and has been reported to enhance tumoricidal activity of anticancer drugs. In our study, the effects of PGE1 on the rat peritoneal carcinomatosis model treated with cisplatin i.p. chemotherapy were evaluated. Cisplatin (5 mg/kg) was given in an i.p. administration to 70 tumor‐free rats. PGE1 was administered to 35 rats through the tail vein at an infusion rate of 0.1 μg/kg/min (1 ml/hr), and the remaining 35 rats were injected with physiological saline. Forty rats were given an i.p. injection of 1 × 107 AH100B cells. Ten days after injection, cisplatin (5 mg/ kg) was administered with PGE1 to 20 and the remaining 20 were injected with physiological saline. The accumulation of platinum in the tissues and apoptotic renal cells were analyzed. The maximum concentrations of platinum in the kidneys of PGE1 untreated rats (tumor‐free: 10.11 μg/g; tumor‐bearing: 11.45 μg/g) did not differ from those of platinum in the kidneys of PGE1‐treated rats (tumor‐free: 10.28 μg/g; tumor‐bearing: 13.28 μg/g). The number of apoptotic renal cells was significantly reduced by PGE1 administration in both tumor‐free and tumor‐bearing rats. Moreover, PGE1 increased the maximum platinum concentration in tumor masses (5.31 μg/g) of the treated group compared with that in tumor mass of the control group (2.72 μg/g, p = 0.009). These results indicate that PGE1 may increase the anticancer effect of cisplatin by increasing tumor platinum concentration and may reduce the chance of cisplatin‐induced renal failure. Intraperitoneal cisplatin chemotherapy combined with PGE1 treatment may have a therapeutic benefit for patients with peritoneal carcinomatosis. Int. J. Cancer 88:474–478, 2000. © 2000 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Design and Implementation of a High-Efficiency Multiple Output Charger Based on the Time-Division Multiple Control Technique

Multiple output converters (MOCs) are widely applied to applications requiring various levels of output voltages due to their advantages in terms of cost, volume, and efficiency. However, most of the conventional MOCs cannot regulate multiple outputs tightly and they can barely avoid the cross-regulation problem. In this paper, the recently developed time-division multiple control (TDMC) method, which can regulate all of the outputs with a high accuracy, is used for a multiple output battery charger based on the phase-shift full-bridge topology to simultaneously charge three batteries. The proposed charger is able to charge three different kinds of batteries or three of the same kind of battery in different state of charges (SOCs) independently and accurately with the constant current/constant voltage (CC/CV) charge method. As a result, the strict ripple specification of a battery can be satisfied for multiple battery charges without difficulty. In addition, the proposed charger exhibits a high efficiency since the soft switching of all of the switches during the entire charge process can be guaranteed. The operating principle of the converter and the design of the controller, including the state-space average modeling, will be detailed, and the validity of the proposed method is verified through experiments.
Reconstructing complex surfaces from multiple stereo views

We present a framework for 3D surface reconstruction that can be used to model fully 3 dimensional scenes from an arbitrary number of stereo views. Taken from vastly different viewpoints. This is a key step toward producing 3D world descriptions of complex scenes using stereo and is a very challenging problem: real world scenes tend to contain many 3D objects, they do not usually conform to the 2-1/2D assumption made by traditional algorithms, and one cannot take it for granted that the computed 3D points can easily be clustered into separate groups. By combining a particle based representation, robust fitting, and optimization of an image based objective function, we have been able to reconstruct surfaces without any a priori knowledge of their topology and in spite of the noisiness of the stereo data. Our current implementation goes through three steps-initializing a set of particles from the input 3D data, optimizing their location, and finally grouping them into global surfaces. Using several complex scenes containing multiple objects, we demonstrate its competence and ability to merge information and thus to go beyond what can be done with conventional stereo alone. <<ETX>>
Evaluation Criteria of Feature Splits for Co-Training

—Co-training is one of the major semi-supervised learning methods which can induce classifiers from only small number of labeled data and sufficient number of unlabeled data. To perform successfully, co-training requires splitting the features in original data and constructing views. However, it is not so easy to construct good views which satisfy the following conditions for successful performance of co-training: (1) each of views includes good attributes for classification, and (2) the views are sufficiently independent each other. Additionally, some of the recent researches pointed out that co-training can not perform successfully even if the views satisfy the requirements for good performance. We investigate the relationship among the some evaluation criterion for feature splits and the performance of co-training through the well-designed experiments. In this paper, the experimental results and future works for designing ideal artificial feature splits are reported.
A { 465 On the Stability of Intertemporal Equilibriawith Rational Expectations " byThorsten Hens

In this paper we propose a concept of stability for intertemporal equi-libria with rational expectations: current period prices move proportionally to current period excess demand while future prices are formed according to the perfect foresight hypothesis. It is shown that this process is locally asymptotically stable if all goods are gross substitutes, or if the equilibrium has no trade. In general this process diiers from a t^ atonnement process in contingent contracts prices and from a t^ atonnement in asset and spot market prices. It also diiers from Hicks' and exceptional stability. In an intertemporal variant of Scarf's example on the instability of the Walrasian t^ atonnement process it will be seen that the stability notion we propose is more stable than any other process investigated so far.
Tinkering Evolution of Post-Transcriptional RNA Regulons: Puf3p in Fungi as an Example

Genome-wide studies of post-transcriptional mRNA regulation in model organisms indicate a “post-transcriptional RNA regulon” model, in which a set of functionally related genes is regulated by mRNA–binding RNAs or proteins. One well-studied post-transcriptional regulon by Puf3p functions in mitochondrial biogenesis in budding yeast. The evolution of the Puf3p regulon remains unclear because previous studies have shown functional divergence of Puf3p regulon targets among yeast, fruit fly, and humans. By analyzing evolutionary patterns of Puf3p and its targeted genes in forty-two sequenced fungi, we demonstrated that, although the Puf3p regulon is conserved among all of the studied fungi, the dedicated regulation of mitochondrial biogenesis by Puf3p emerged only in the Saccharomycotina clade. Moreover, the evolution of the Puf3p regulon was coupled with evolution of codon usage bias in down-regulating expression of genes that function in mitochondria in yeast species after genome duplication. Our results provide a scenario for how evolution like a tinker exploits pre-existing materials of a conserved post-transcriptional regulon to regulate gene expression for novel functional roles.
Physical activity in preschool children with the transition to outdoors.

BACKGROUND It is known that children are more physically active outdoors than indoors. However, few previous studies have observed the time course for physical activity as young children transition from indoor to outdoor activities. METHODS Participants were 3- to 5-year-old children enrolled in the Children's Activity and Movement in Preschool Study (CHAMPS). Trained observers used the Observational System for Recording Physical Activity in Children-Preschool Version (OSRAC-P) to record children's physical activity levels over 20 minutes in outdoor settings. The 20-minute outdoor observational period began immediately following the transition from indoors to outdoors. RESULTS Children's activity levels were moderately high at the time of transition and declined over the 20-minute observation period. Different patterns, however, were observed for boys and girls. Overall, boys were more active than girls. Boys' activity levels declined in a linear fashion over the 20-minute period, while girls' activity levels increased slightly, decreased, and then increased slightly again. CONCLUSIONS These data indicate that physical activity levels decline with increased duration of outdoor play. The frequency and duration of outdoor play should be investigated for the purpose of optimizing physical activity levels.
On the Use of FDTD and Ray-Tracing Schemes in the Nanonetwork Environment

In this letter, the finite difference time-domain (FDTD) method and the ray-tracing (RT) technique are systematically revisited and compared as potential tools that can reliably characterize new protocols for emerging nanonetwork applications. To this aim, a set of efficient simulation schemes for the precise prediction of the reception quality in various communication scenarios is presented. In particular, each algorithm involves a similar configuration with a realistic transmitter/receiver model and multiple obstacles sized up to some micrometers. The proposed analysis reveals that, unlike conventional assessments, the RT approach can be successfully employed at nanoscale dimensions, with increasing accuracy at higher frequencies, as a tool for fast received-energy estimations, since its results are in acceptable agreement with the respective FDTD data. These significant deductions are, finally, substantiated by a theoretical formulation equivalent to that of frequency selective surfaces.
The secret garden? Elite metropolitan geographies in the contemporary UK

There is an enduring, indeed increasing awareness of the role of spatial location in defining and reinforcing inequality in this country and beyond. In the UK, much of the debate around these issues has focussed on the established trope of a long-standing ‘north-south divide’, a divide which appears to have deepened in recent decades with the inexorable de-industrialisation of northern Britain presented in stark counterpoint to the burgeoning concentration of wealth in London and the south-east, driven by the financial and ancillary services sectors. Due to a lack of available data, such debates have tended to focus solely on economic inequalities between places, and until now there was little understanding of how these disparities played out in the social and cultural domains. This paper significantly advances our understanding of the true meaning of spatial inequality in the UK by broadening that definition to encompass not only the economic, but also the social and cultural arenas, using data available from the BBC's Great British Class Survey experiment. We argue that these data shine a light not only on the economic inequalities between different parts of the country which existing debates have already uncovered but to understand how these are both reinforced and mediated across the social and cultural dimensions. Fundamentally, we concur with a great many others in seeing London and the south-east as a vortex for economic accumulation but it is also much more than that; it is a space where the coming together of intense economic, social and cultural resources enables the crystallisation of particular and nuanced forms of elite social class formations, formations in which place is not incidental but integral to their very existence.
Fast Naïve Bayes classifiers for COVID-19 news in social networks

The growth of fake news has emerged as a substantial societal concern, particularly in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic. Fake news can lead to unwarranted panic, misinformed decisions, and a general state of confusion among the public. Existing methods to detect and filter out fake news have accuracy, speed, and data distribution limitations. This study explores a fast and reliable approach based on Naïve Bayes algorithms for fake news detection on COVID-19 news in social networks. The study used a dataset of 10,700 tweets and applied text pre-processing, term-weighting, document frequency thresholding (DFT), and synthetic minority oversampling techniques (SMOTE) to prepare the data for classification. The study assessed the performance and runtime of four models: gradient boosting (GDBT), decision tree (DT), multinomial Naïve Bayes (MNB), and complement Naïve Bayes (CNB). The testing results showed that the CNB model reaches the highest accuracy, precision, recall, and F1-score of approximately 92% each, with the shortest runtime of 0.55 seconds. This study highlights the potential of the CNB model as an effective tool for detecting online fake news about COVID-19, given its superior performance and rapid processing time.
Effect of 7-day therapy with different doses of the proton pump inhibitor lansoprazole on the intragastric pH in healthy human subjects.

BACKGROUND Systematic, randomized, and controlled studies on the effect of low to high doses of the proton pump inhibitor lansoprazole on intragastric acidity and plasma gastrin levels have not previously been performed. METHODS We investigated the effect of 7-day therapy with different doses of lansoprazole (15 mg once or twice daily, 30 mg once or twice daily, and 15 mg three times daily) on intragastric acidity and meal-stimulated daytime plasma gastrin levels in 12 healthy Helicobacter pylori-negative human subjects in a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, 6-way crossover study. On days 1, 2, and 7 of the study 24-h intragastric pH-metry and 12-h integrated daytime plasma gastrin determinations were done. RESULTS Lansoprazole in a dose regimen of 1 x 30 mg/day, 3 x 15 mg/daily, and 2 x 30 mg/day significantly (P < 0.05) increased the intragastric 24-h median pH on days 1, 2, and 7 of therapy as compared with placebo. Lansoprazole in doses of 1 x 15 mg/day and 2 x 15 mg/day significantly increased the intragastric 24-h median pH on days 2 and 7 but not on day 1 of therapy. Doses of 3 x 15 mg and 2 x 30 mg lansoprazole daily significantly increased the intragastric 24-h median pH on days 2 and 7 of treatment as compared with 1 x 30 mg lansoprazole daily. Except for 1 x 15 mg lansoprazole on day 1 of therapy, all given dose regimens of lansoprazole (15-60 mg/day) significantly (P < 0.05) stimulated the 12-h integrated meal-stimulated daytime plasma gastrin response (pM x min) on days 1, 2, and 7 of therapy as compared with placebo. CONCLUSION A dose of 1 x 30 mg/day is nearly as potent as higher dose regimens of lansoprazole. Thus it most likely is the optimum dose for therapy of gastric and duodenal peptic lesions. A dose of 1 x 15 mg lansoprazole daily is a potent inhibitor of gastric acid output and could be a therapeutic dose for prevention of peptic lesions (that is, reflux oesophagitis or ulcers).
Executive Functioning in Subtypes of Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder.

INTRODUCTION This study aims to evaluate executive functions (EF), such as inhibition, planning, working memory, and set shifting, in children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) by comparing three ADHD subtype groups (ADHD-Inattentive, ADHD-Combined, and ADHD-Comorbid) and a normal control group. METHODS Participants included 147 children. In total, 111 children were assigned to the ADHD groups of the study. Each child was matched according to the WISC-R Full-Scale IQ-score, sex, and age and was grouped as follows: ADHD-Inattentive group (ADHD-I; n=37), ADHD-Combined (ADHD-C; n=37), ADHD-Comorbid group (ADHD-Comorbid with oppositional defiant disorder and/or conduct disorder; n=37), and control group (n=36). The tests used to assess the children were Conners' Parent and Teacher Rating Scales; Wechsler Intelligence Scale-Revised; Tower of London test; Wisconsin Card Sorting Test; Stroop Color-Word Test, and verbal fluency test. The data were analyzed by one-way ANOVA between subjects for all dependent variables. RESULTS Children in the ADHD-I group had significantly better performances in verbal working memory and verbal category shifting than children in the ADHD-C group. There was no significant difference between the ADHD-I and ADHD-C groups in terms of inhibition, set shifting, verbal fluency, cognitive flexibility, and planning. The ADHD-Comorbid group displayed more severe impairments in EF measures than the ADHD-C group; however, the severity was not statistically significant. EF performances of children in the control group were similar to children in the ADHD-I group but better than children in the ADHD-C and ADHD-Comorbid groups. CONCLUSION The outcome of the study indicated that subjects in the ADHD-Comorbid and ADHD-C groups had more severe EF deficits than subjects in the ADHD-I and control groups.
A survey of the diseases of marine turtles in northern Australia. II. Oceanarium-reared and wild turtles.

Thirty-seven turtles were examined as part of a disease survey. They consisted of 15 oceanarium-reared turtles (10 Chelonia mydas, 2 Eretmochelys imbricata, and 3 Caretta caretta) and 22 wild turtles (21 C. mydas and 1 E. imbricata). Bacterial diseases of oceanarium-reared turtles were the same as those of farmed turtles with the exception of tuberculosis and adenitis (salt-secreting gland infection), which were not diagnosed. Traumatic ulcerative dermatitis (biting) and the ulcerative stomatitis-obstructive rhinitis-pneumonia disease complex were again prominent, mainly in green and loggerhead turtles. Vibrio alginolyticus and Aeromonas hydrophila were implicated once more. Peritonitis had resulted from notches made in marginal scutes for identification purposes (one turtle only). Only 2 bacterial diseases were diagnosed in wild turtles, viz. bronchopneumonia and septicaemia toxaemia, which were secondary to heart fluke infestation. Cardiovascular flukes (Hapalotrema spp. and Learedius spp.) were found in 5/15 (33 3 %) of oceanariunl-reared turtles and 9/22 (40 9 %) of M.lld turtles. Specimens with heavy infestations (> 20 flukes in the heart chambers) were severely debilitated displaying sunken eyes bilaterally, plastron shrinkage and generalized muscle wastage. Thickening and hardening of the walls of major vessels associated with the heart and pneumonia were complications. Gastrointestinal flukes (Digenea: Pronocephalidae) were restricted to the stomach of oceanariumreared turtles (3/15 or 33.3%) and in one case they were associated with petechial haemorrhages of the mucosa. In wild turtles they were present throughout the gastrointestinal tract and in the gall bladder (9/ 22 or 40.9'>'0 affected). Barnacles (Chelonibia sp, and Platylepas sp.) were present on 2/15 (13.3 %) and 10/22 (45.5 '10) of oceanarium-reared and wild turtles respectively. Cachetic myopathy was the end result of chronic bacterial and parasitic infection in 9/22 or 40.9 % of wild turtles.
The Natural History and Management of Intracranial Dural Arteriovenous Fistulae

The recently proposed classification scheme of Borden, Wu, and Shucart (Borden*) should have the ability to identify those intracranial dural arteriovenous fistulae (ICDAVF) which will continue to behave in a benign fashion. We examine for the first time the natural history of benign ICDAVF, including the predictive ability of this grading scale, and the implications for lesion management. A cohort of 55 Borden* grade I lesions was selected from a heterogeneous series of 102 consecutive ICDAVF seen at one institution between 1984 and 1995. Data were collected prospectively from 1991. Grade I lesions were those whose nidus drained directly into a dural venous sinus (DVS) or meningeal vein. The absence of retrograde leptomeningeal venous drainage (RLVD) was an important feature. Intracranial haemorrhage (ICH), non haemorrhagic neurological deficit (NHND), and death were considered aggressive features. There were 23 cavernous sinus, 2 foramen magnum, 1 middle cranial fossa, and 29 transverse sinus lesions. One patient received obliterative surgical treatment. Thirty-two lesions were observed only, and 22 patients developed symptoms or signs requiring palliative embolisation. Two minor complications occurred following embolisation: transient pulmonary aedema (1), and an asymptomatic pericallosal artery embolus (1). Follow-up was available on 48 (89%) patients for a total of 133 patient years (mean 33 months). This included 26 of the 32 patients observed and all 22 of the patients embolised. Aggressive interval behavior was seen in only one patient. Symptom improvement or resolution was observed in the majority of patients, whether observed only [21/26 (81%)], or whether they required embolisation for symptom palliation [19/22 (86%)]. Overall, 53 of the 54 (98%) of ICDAVF behaved in a benign fashion in the follow-up period. The predictable benign natural history of patients identified as Borden* grade I at presentation mandates a conservative approach to these ICDAVF. In some patients, when symptom severity demands, palliative embolisation is an effective and safe therapy.