Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
On large-sample estimation and testing in parametric models

Summary Large-sample theory of estimation and of hypothesis testing is developed, at an intermediate (graduate textbook) level. Attention is confined to parametric models. Local analysis ('moving parameter') methods are used. For estimation, an information bound is found for the large-sample variance of regular estimates, regularity being a kind of large-sample unbiasedness. And near solution of the score equations yields estimates achieving these bounds. Regular estimates and efficient estimates are characterized. For hypothesis testing, various classical tests-including likelihood ratio, Wald, and Rao-are shown to be asymptotically equivalent, and efficient within a class of quadratic form (QF) tests. A Neyman-Rao, or effective scores, test is introduced; it too is equivalent to the classical tests. Regular (asymptotically similar, and with no local power against changes in nuisance parameters) QF tests, and efficient tests, are characterized. Many of the results are not entirely new; but the organization and presentation are.
Proceedings of the 6th International Workshop on

II c 2007 for the individual papers by the papers' authors. Reproduction (electronically or by other means) of all or part of this technical report is permitted for educational or research purposes only, on condition that (i) this copyright notice is included, (ii) proper attribution to the editor(s) or author(s) is made, (iii) no commercial gain is involved, and (iv) the document is reproduced without any alteration whatsoever. Re-publication of material in this technical report requires permission by the copyright owners. (UK). As for the previous events of this series, the focus of this workshop is on first-order theorem proving as a core theme of Automated Deduction, and its aim is to provide a forum for presentation of recent work and discussion of research in progress. The workshop was co-located with the sixth International there was also a joint session with Viorica Sofronie-Stokkermans as (joint) invited speaker. These proceedings contain seven regular papers and the abstract of three " presentation-only " papers (i.e. papers submitted or accepted for publication elsewhere), each of which was reviewed by three referees. The regular papers present and discuss various topics related to first-order theorem proving such as a calculus for clauses admitting existential quantifiers (called geometric resolution), a reasoning system based on Manna and Waldinger's tableaux to be used in education, theorem proving for functional programming, simplification of complex proof obligations obtained from program verification, automated proofs of a modularity result for the termination of term rewriting systems, inductive theorem proving in the context of term rewriting systems modulo some equa-tional theories. The three " presentation-only " papers selected by the program committee present simulation results for propositional modal logic calculi by first-order resolution, discuss the support that can be provided by first-order resolution for theorem proving in the monodic fragment of first-order temporal logic, and introduce a calculus for an extension of temporal logic. For these, only abstracts have been included in the proceedings. I welcomed three invited lectures: one by Viorica Sofronie-Stokkermans on " Hierarchical and Modular Reasoning in Complex Theories: The Case of Local Theory Extensions " (joint with FroCoS'07), one by Martin Giese on " Aspects of First-order Reasoning in the KeY system " , and one by Bernd Fischer on " Applying FTPs in Formal Software Safety Certification. ". Short abstracts of all talks are included in this volume. I would like to thank the members of the program …
Granular micromechanics model for damage and plasticity of cementitious materials based upon thermomechanics*

The mechanical behavior of monolithic cementitious materials is known to be significantly affected by their granular nature. This paper describes an approach to incorporate the effects of granularity for cementitious material based upon the granular micromechanics paradigm and thermomechanics. As a result, macro-scale constitutive equations that utilize grain-scale force–displacement relationships have been derived. In this derivation, the connections between grain-scale free energy and dissipation and the macro-scale behavior are established based upon the thermomechanics framework. Expression for Cauchy stress tensor is obtained in terms of the free energy of grain-pair interactions. In addition, the free energy and dissipation potential of grain-pair interactions are used to find a grain-scale Clausius–Duhem type inequality. Thus, inter-granular constitutive equations are obtained in the usual manner with the exception that these are based upon simple physically motivated free energy and dissipation functions formulated in terms of grain-pair interactions. The derived model is used to simulate a wide variety of experimental tests that have been reported in the literature to evaluate material response under multi-axial conditions. The results are analyzed with the aim to reveal the connections between grain-scale mechanisms and the macro-scale behavior.
Risk Factors Associated with Nasopharyngeal Cancer Incidences in Indonesia: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Objective: To determine the risk factors associated the incidence of NPC, particularly in Indonesia. Methods: This systematic review and meta-analysis was conducted according to PRISMA statement. Database including PubMed, Scopus, Science Direct, Web of Science, and GARUDA were retrieved. Newcastle-Ottawa scale was used to assess the quality of published study and analyse the risk of bias of included study. Random-effect model and reported pooled Odds Ratio (OR) with 95%CI was carried out in our meta-analysis. Results: A pooled of 7 studies were included in our study which included 764 participants. We found that female gender was not associated with the incidences of NPC (OR 1.45, 95% CI: 0.61-3.45, p=0.40), and smoking was highly increased the incidence of NPC (OR 4.39 95% CI (0.79-24.40), but not statistically significant (p=0.09). Furthermore, salted fish consumption and some HLA alleles were associated with increased risk. Conclusion: The incidence of NPC is not associated with female gender nor smoking habits. However, the risk of NPC is higher for those who consume salted fish and have some susceptible HLA alleles. Further investigations in larger studies are needed to confirm these findings.
Distributed and hierarchical neural encoding of multidimensional biological motion attributes in the human brain

Abstract The human visual system can efficiently extract distinct physical, biological, and social attributes (e.g. facing direction, gender, and emotional state) from biological motion (BM), but how these attributes are encoded in the brain remains largely unknown. In the current study, we used functional magnetic resonance imaging to investigate this issue when participants viewed multidimensional BM stimuli. Using multiple regression representational similarity analysis, we identified distributed brain areas, respectively, related to the processing of facing direction, gender, and emotional state conveyed by BM. These brain areas are governed by a hierarchical structure in which the respective neural encoding of facing direction, gender, and emotional state is modulated by each other in descending order. We further revealed that a portion of the brain areas identified in representational similarity analysis was specific to the neural encoding of each attribute and correlated with the corresponding behavioral results. These findings unravel the brain networks for encoding BM attributes in consideration of their interactions, and highlight that the processing of multidimensional BM attributes is recurrently interactive.
On the Limiting Behaviors and Positivity of Quasi-local Mass

The concept of quasi-local masses was proposed by physicists about forty years ago to measure the energy of a given compact region by a closed spacelike 2-surface. There are several natural conditions which we expect a quasi-local mass to satisfy ([39]): 1. A quasi-local mass must be non-negative in general and zero when, and only when the ambient spacetime of the surface is the Minkowski spacetime in the asymptotically flat case (or hyperbolic space in the asymptotically hyperbolic case). These are called the positivity and rigidity conditions. 2. Also, the ADM mass should be recovered as the surfaces tend to the spacial infinity. In this thesis, we will report some results about the limiting behaviors and positivity of some quasi-local masses, both in the asymptotically flat case and in the asymptotically hyperbolic case. On the Limiting Behaviors and Positivity of Quasi-local Mass ii
Genome sequencing provides insights into the evolution of gene families encoding plant cell wall‐degrading enzymes in longhorned beetles

With more than 36,000 species, the longhorned beetles (family Cerambycidae) are a mega‐diverse lineage of mostly xylophagous insects, all of which are represented by the sole sequenced genome of the Asian longhorned beetle (Anoplophora glabripennis; Lamiinae). Their successful radiation has been linked to their ability to degrade plant cell wall components using a range of so‐called plant cell wall‐degrading enzymes (PCWDEs). Our previous analysis of larval gut transcriptomes demonstrated that cerambycid beetles horizontally acquired genes encoding PCWDEs from various microbial donors; these genes evolved through multiple duplication events to form gene families. To gain further insights into the evolution of these gene families during the Cerambycidae radiation, we assembled draft genomes for four beetle species belonging to three subfamilies using long‐read nanopore sequencing. All the PCWDE‐encoding genes we annotated from the corresponding larval gut transcriptomes were present in these draft genomes. We confirmed that the newly discovered horizontally acquired glycoside hydrolase family 7 (GH7), subfamily 26 of GH43 (GH43_26), and GH53 (all of which are absent from the A. glabripennis genome) were indeed encoded by these beetles' genome. Most of the PCWDE‐encoding genes of bacterial origin gained introns after their transfer into the beetle genome. Altogether, we show that draft genome assemblies generated from nanopore long‐reads offer meaningful information to the study of the evolution of gene families in insects. We anticipate that our data will support studies aiming to better understand the biology of the Cerambycidae and other beetles in general.
Construction of plateaued functions satisfying multiple criteria

A class of plateaued functions has been got by using the Maiorana-McFarland construction. A variety of desirable criteria for functions with cryptographic application could be satisfied: balancedness, high nonlinearity, correlation immunity of reasonably high order, strict avalanche criterion, non-existence of non-zero linear structures, good global avalanche characteristics, etc.
Fuzzy Multi-Attribute Group Decision Making Methods Based on Structured Element

The purpose of this paper is to introduce the structured element theory into fuzzy multi- attribute decision making,and to simplify the complex operations of traditional fuzzy decision making.The compromised group decision making method is one of the most commonly methods in classical multi-attribute group decision making.According to the principle of this method,two kinds of fuzzy compromised group decision making methods based on the structured element theory are put forward.The decision making is carried out by using the example from Transformation Group of Monotone Functions with Same Monotonic Formal on[-1,1]and Operations of Fuzzy Numbers by Sizong Guo.Finally,the proposed methods are compared with the traditional decision making methods.The proposed methods have a reference value to the fuzzy multi-attribute group decision making problems.
Genotyping and Phylogenetic Analysis of Human Papillomaviruses in Formalin Fixed Paraffin Embedded Sections from Cervical Lesions in Duhok-Iraq

Objective: Human papillomavirus (HPV) has been identified as an important causative factor in cervical cancer development. Cervical cancer is the fourth most prevalent malignant tumor among women globally. The purpose of this study was to investigate the prevalence and genotyping sequences of HPV in formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded (FFPE) cervical tissue using conventional polymerase chain reaction (PCR), and HPV-DNA sequencing. Material and Methods: Retrospective cross-sectional study. Forty (FFPE) blocks with different cervical lesions were taken; patients’ ages ranged from 24 to 65 years. Detection and sequencing of HPV DNA were done by conventional PCR (L1 gene), which was achieved by universal PCR primers (MY09/11 oligonucleotides). Then sequencing and phylogenetic tree was constructed. Results: Nine samples were found positive and detected by conventional PCR, they were identified in CIN1 and SCC at 7.5% (n=3) for each, 5.0% (n=2) KA, and 2.5% (n=1) in CIN3 cases, after sequencing were submitted to GenBank and accession numbers were obtained. The phylogenetic tree was constructed and the aligned sequences showed high homology with the nucleotide sequence of the references from the Genbank database. HPV 11, 16, 18, 22, 33, 52, and 58 were found to have little nucleotide heterogeneity and thus no amino acid heterogeneity. Conclusion: Sequencing and phylogenetic analysis of circulating HPV types in Duhok provides very essential data about nucleotides and amino acid heterogeneity, to reveal genetic diversity with strains included in the vaccines that have not been introduced to Iraq yet.
Particle beam therapy for pelvic recurrence of colorectal cancer: a registry data analysis in Japan and a systematic review

Abstract The aim of this study was to investigate the efficacy and safety of particle beam therapy (PBT) with proton or carbon ion beam for pelvic recurrence of colorectal cancer (PRCC) by comparing the clinical outcomes of a dataset of prospectively enrolled patients for PBT with those from the literature, which were collected by a systematic review of external X-ray radiotherapy (XRT) and PBT. Patients with PRCC treated at 14 domestic facilities between May 2016 and June 2019 and entered the database for prospective observational follow-up were analyzed. The registry data analyzed included 159 PRCC patients treated with PBT of whom 126 (79%) were treated with carbon ion radiation therapy (CIRT). The 3-year overall survival and local control rate were 81.8 and 76.4%, respectively. Among these PRCC patients, 5.7% had Grade 3 or higher toxicity. Systematic search of PubMed and Cochrane databases published from January 2000 to September 2020 resulted in 409 abstracts for the primary selection. Twelve studies fulfilled the inclusion criteria. With one additional publication, 13 studies were selected for qualitative analysis, including 9 on XRT and 4 on PBT. There were nine XRT studies, which included six on 3D conformal radiotherapy and three on stereotactic body radiation therapy, and four PBT studies included three on CIRT and one on proton therapy. A pilot meta-analysis using literatures with median survival time extractable over a 20-month observation period suggested that PBT, especially CIRT, may be a promising treatment option for PRCC not amenable to curative resection.
An Extended Fuzzy Logic Method for Watershed

Fuzzy Logic was intruded by Lotfi A. Zadeh in 1965. It is for solving uncertainty and ambiguity problems. Fuzzy logic is a multivalued logic defined in [0,1] . However, there are a lot of paradoxes, as proposition, can not be described in Fuzzy Logic. In this paper, we will define an extended fuzzy logic and applied it on watershed segmentation method in image processing.
A flexible method for calibrating external parameters of two cameras with no-overlapping FOV

A new flexible method to calibrate the external parameters of two cameras with no-overlapping field of view (FOV) is proposed in our paper. A flexible target with four spheres and a 1D bar is designed. All spheres can move freely along the bar to make sure that each camera can capture the image of two spheres clearly. As the radius of each sphere is known exactly, the center of each sphere under its corresponding camera coordinate system can be confirmed from each sphere projection. The centers of the four spheres are collinear in the process of calibration, so we can express the relationship of the four centers only by external parameters of the two cameras. When the expressions in different positions are obtained, the external parameters of two cameras can be determined. In our proposed calibration method, the center of the sphere can be determined accurately as the sphere projection is not concerned with the sphere orientation, meanwhile, the freely movement of the spheres can ensure the image of spheres clearly. Experiment results show that the proposed calibration method can obtain an acceptable accuracy, the calibrated vision system reaches 0.105 mm when measuring a distance section of 1040 mm. Moreover, the calibration method is efficient, convenient and with an easy operation.
How Robust is Undominated Nash Implementation

Palfrey and Srivastava (1991) show that almost any social choice correspondence (SCC) is implemented in undominated Nash equilibrium, a refinement of Nash equilibrium. By requiring solution concepts to have closed graph in the limit of complete information, Chung and Ely (2003) investigate the robustness of undominated Nash implementation. Their robustness test concludes that when preferences are strict (or more generally, hedonic), only monotonic SCCs can be implemented in the closure of the undominated Nash (equilibrium) correspondence. This paper re-examines this robustness test. I show that almost any SCC is implemented in the closure of the undominated Nash correspondence, provided that the planner is certain that there is "approximate" common knowledge. I also show that only monotonic SCCs can be implemented in the closure of the undominated Nash correspondence, provided that the planner is only nearly certain that there is approximate common knowledge. Therefore, this robustness test, on the one hand, generates new restrictions imposed on the set of implementable SCCs, and on the other hand, clarifies the extent to which the permissive implementation results are sustained.
Argonaute 1 and 5 proteins play crucial roles in the defence against cucumber green mottle mosaic virus in watermelon

Abstract RNA silencing, a core part of plants' antiviral defence, requires the ARGONAUTE, DICER‐like, and RNA‐dependent RNA polymerase proteins. However, how these proteins contribute to watermelon's RNA interference (RNAi) pathway response to cucumber green mottle mosaic virus (CGMMV) has not been characterized. Here, we identify seven ClAGO, four ClDCL, and 11 ClRDR genes in watermelon and analyse their expression profiles when infected with CGMMV. ClAGO1 and ClAGO5 expression levels were highly induced by CGMMV infection. The results of ClAGO1 and ClAGO5 overexpression and silencing experiments suggest that these genes play central roles in watermelon's antiviral defence. Furthermore, co‐immunoprecipitation and bimolecular fluorescence complementation experiments showed that ClAGO1 interacts with ClAGO5 in vivo, suggesting that ClAGO1 and ClAGO5 co‐regulate watermelon defence against CGMMV infection. We also identified the ethylene response factor (ERF) binding site in the promoters of the ClAGO1 and ClAGO5 genes, and ethylene (ETH) treatment significantly increased ClAGO5 expression. Two ERF genes (Cla97C08G147180 and Cla97C06G122830) closely related to ClAGO5 expression were identified using co‐expression analysis. Subcellular localization revealed that two ERFs and ClAGO5 predominantly localize at the nucleus, suggesting that enhancement of resistance to CGMMV by ETH is probably achieved through ClAGO5 but not ClAGO1. Our findings reveal aspects of the mechanisms underlying RNA silencing in watermelon against CGMMV.
Risk Factors of Hyperglycemia After Treatment With the AKT Inhibitor Ipatasertib in the Prostate Cancer Setting: A Machine Learning-Based Investigation.

PURPOSE Hyperglycemia is a major adverse event of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase/AKT inhibitor class of cancer therapeutics. Machine learning (ML) methodologies can identify and highlight how explanatory variables affect hyperglycemia risk. METHODS Using data from clinical trials of the AKT inhibitor ipatasertib (IPAT) in the metastatic castrate-resistant prostate cancer setting, we trained an XGBoost ML model to predict the incidence of grade ≥2 hyperglycemia (HGLY ≥ 2). Of the 1,364 patients included in our analysis, 19.4% (n = 265) of patients had HGLY ≥2 events with a median time of first onset of 28 days (range, 0-753 days), and 30.0% (n = 221) of patients on an IPAT regimen had at least one HGLY ≥2 event compared with 7.0% (n = 44) of patients on placebo. RESULTS An 11-variable XGBoost model predicted HGLY ≥2 events well with an AUROC of 0.83 ± 0.02 (mean ± standard deviation). Using SHapley Additive exPlanations analysis, we found IPAT exposure and baseline HbA1c levels to be the strongest predictors of HGLY ≥2, with additional predictivity of baseline measurements of fasting glucose, magnesium, and high-density lipoproteins. CONCLUSION The findings support using patients' prediabetic status as a key factor for hyperglycemia monitoring and/or trial exclusion criteria. Additionally, the model and relationships between explanatory variables and HGLY ≥2 described herein can help identify patients at high risk for hyperglycemia and develop rational risk mitigation strategies.
Qualitative Analysis of Coping Strategies Among Older Persons During COVID-19 Lockdown in Nigeria: Considerations for Community Health Promotion

Background: The challenge of COVID-19 and the disease control restrictions in Nigeria directly affected social life. Older adults were disproportionately affected because of social vulnerabilities, socio-economic dependency, and the high risk of COVID-19 infectious disease in the population.Purpose: To this end, the study explored the instrumental coping strategies of older adults duirng the COVID-19 lockdown in Nigeria. Research Design: An exploratory research design using qualitative approach based on in-depth interviews was adopted. Study Sample: Twenty-seven (27) older adults aged 60 years and more in Ibadan, Nigeria were purposively selected for participation in the research. Data Collection and/or Analysis: Community living older adults participated in in-depth telephone interviews during the COVID-19 restrictions. Using Atlas ti 8.4, the 27 transcripts were analyzed and validated through content analysis. Results: Older adults coped with fear, anxiety, depression, and other health challenges, and three major themes emerged as problem-focused coping strategies. Older adults explored spirituality, engaged in their social networks through telephones, and focused on a healthy diet and physical activities. Conclusions: Community health promotion strategies for older adults should explore the identified problem-focused coping strategies to optimize the health and wellbeing of older adults.