Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Ionisation cross sections of rare-gas atoms by electron impact

Normalised values of partial ionisation cross sections for the rare gases (He+, Ne+-Ne3+, Ar+-Ar3+, Kr+-Kr4+ and Xe+-Xe5+) have been measured from threshold to 1000 eV using a pulsed electron beam and ion extraction technique. The cross sections have been obtained for the singly ionised species by normalising the relative data with the results of Rapp and Englander-Golden (1965) below the onset of production of the doubly ionised species. These cross sections for the singly ionised species have then been used to calibrate the mass transmission efficiency of the ion extraction+analyser+detection system by the relative flow technique. The mass transmission curve thus obtained has been employed to determine the absolute cross sections of the multiply ionised species. Summation of the individual partial cross sections with proper weighting for charge is employed to obtain the total ion cross sections. The measured partial cross sections are fitted to an empirical formula for the ease of future use.
Phase tunable holographic fabrication for three-dimensional photonic crystal templates by using a single optical element

This paper demonstrates a phase tunable holographic fabrication of three-dimensional photonic lattice structures using a single optical element. A top-cut four-side prism is employed to generate five-beam three-dimensional interference patterns. A silica glass slide is inserted into the optical path to adjust the phase of one interfering beam relative to other four beams. The phase control of the interfering laser beam renders the lattice of the interference pattern from a face-center tetragonal symmetry into a high contrast, interconnecting diamondlike symmetry. This method provides a flexible approach to fabricating three-dimensional photonic lattices with improved photonic band structures.
Bidirectional bending splitter of designer surface plasmons

We propose and experimentally verify a bidirectional bending splitter of designer surface plasmons which is composed of two metallic gratings of trapezoid grooves. A metal wire is used to excite the designer surface plasmons propagating along the gratings. A full-wave numerical method has been used to simulate the performance of the bending splitter. The experimental verifications in the microwave frequencies have excellent agreements to the simulations. It is demonstrated that the splitter can not only split the electromagnetic waves at different frequencies, but also guide the electromagnetic waves effectively for large-angle bending.
Characterization of Mechanical Properties of MgB2 conductor for Superconducting Link Project at CERN

In the framework of high luminosity upgrade of Large Hadron Collider at CERN, superconducting links are being developed. MgB2 wire is a candidate conductor for use in high- current cables. Mechanical properties of this material are of key importance for the definition of the cable design and operating conditions. In this study, we evaluated the Young’s modulus of MgB2 filaments extracted from ex situ processed composite wires. The wires were produced in unit lengths of about 1 km and used in high-current cables. Single fiber tensile test was carried out on fil- aments composed of MgB2, Nb barrier, and Nb–Ni reaction layer. From the unloading modulus of filament specimens measured with different gauge lengths, the Young’s modulus of composite filaments extracted from two different strands was determined to be 114 and 122 GPa at room temperature, respectively. By using the rule-of-mixture, the Young’s modulus of MgB2 was estimated to be lower than that reported for highly dense MgB2 bulks. The reason for such difference is discussed from the viewpoint of void fraction.
Generation of tunable and broadband far-infrared laser pulses during two-color filamentation

Tunable far-infrared laser pulses were generated efficiently during two-color filamentation in air. Understanding the creation of few-cycle far-infrared laser pulses is important since it is at the frontier between two possible generation mechanisms. The first one is the four-wave mixing generation, associated to the generation of wavelengths from ultraviolet up to mid-infrared laser pulses. The second process is the formation of transient photocurrent, which was recently used to describe the generation of submillimetric (terahertz) waves. Comparison between experiments and simulations revealed that the four-wave mixing mechanism is dominant for the far-infrared generation during two-color filamentation.
Miniaturized nonincremental interferometric fiber-optic distance sensor for turning process monitoring

Abstract. For in-process shape monitoring of rotating objects such as workpieces in a turning machine, contactless and compact sensors with high temporal resolution are necessary. For this challenging task, we developed a miniaturized and robust nonincremental interferometric fiber-optical distance sensor with dimensions of only 30×40×90 mm3, which enables attaching the sensor head directly to the mount of a turning tool bit. We present the results of in-process 3-D shape measurements of turning parts at a metal working lathe. To proof the accuracy of the measurement results, comparative measurements with tactile and optical sensors were performed. A maximal deviation between the different measurement methods of 2.2 μm was achieved for the determination of the mean height of a radial step.
Physically-based NURBS surface editing with curves

AbstractThis paper presents a physically-based approach for NURBS surface modification using curve handles. The approach consists of three steps: curve handle creation, target curve generation, and surface modification. The handle curve is a composite curve that is a composition of a NURBS surface and a 2D parametric curve defined in the parameter domain of the NURBS surface. The handle curve is treated as a physically-based dynamic curve whose formulation is derived directly based on the representation of the NURBS surface where the composition curve is defined. Then the target curve is generated as the result of dynamic evolution of the physically-based composition curve with external point forces. Finally, the initial handle curve and the target curve are used to define a curve force for the dynamic NURBS to modify the NURBS surface. The use of curves as shape handles makes the shape editing more effective and intuitive, and the incorporation of physics into geometric modeling makes the modeling proces.
Heat transfer from hailstones

By measuring the rate of melting of spheres and oblate spheroids of ice in an airstream, the dependence of the rate of heat transfer on shape has been determined. Applying the results to hailstones, it has been found that, in terms of the maximum dimensions of the stones, melting is more pronounced as the ratio of the minor to major axes decreases. Melting also causes the stones to become more oblate. The critical liquid-water concentrations of spheroidal hailstones have been deduced from the experimental data and, for stones of the same maximum dimension, are dependent of the axis ratio. It is further shown that the updraught profiles required to grow spheroidal hailstones at the just-wet condition are not much different from those required for spherical stones.
3D display using intersection of light beams

Conventional stereoscopic displays yield conflicts between convergence and accommodation of the human eyes. It is said that, if the conflicts are too severe, they may cause visual stress to the human. We propose a new 3D display with great potential to reduce such conflicts and visual stress. It presents 3D images by reconstructing points in 3D space as the intersection points of multiple thin light beams. The intersection points are perceived as light sources in 3D space by observers. Multiple beams striking the observer's eye generate 3D images that are more natural for the observer than conventional stereoscopic images. A prototype device was manufactured comprising of a 2D LED matrix, a collimator lens and a spatial light modulator that generates small apertures so as to convert thick light beams into thin light beams. By controlling the distribution and intensity of light sources in synchronization with the position of the aperture, a number intersection points of light beams in space can be formed. With this prototype, the accommodation of the eyes of observers was investigated while they were viewing reconstructed 3D images. As a result, we found that, when the observers viewed a reconstructed 3D image with both eyes, their eyes' accommodation and convergence correspond to depth information. This is an effect which conventional stereoscopic display cannot realize.
Rectangular microstrip antenna for circular polarization

Richmond's reaction integral equation method is used to design a rectangular microstrip patch to produce a circular polarization. A rectangular patch with the aspect ratio a = W_{x}/W_{y} , in the range 1.015- 1.02 and corner fed by a microstrip line, produces circular polarization. For substrate with thickness d = 0.16 cm, a = 1.017 the nearly square patch gives maximum bandwidth.
Solution of the Dirac equation for pseudoharmonic potential by using the Nikiforov–Uvarov method

We investigate the energy spectra and corresponding wave functions of the Dirac equation for pseudoharmonic potential with spin and pseudospin symmetry. To obtain an analytical solution of the Dirac equation, we consider the Nikiforov–Uvarov method in the calculations. For any spin–orbit coupling term κ, we find the closed forms of the energy eigenvalues and also obtain the radial wave functions in the spin and pseudospin symmetry limits.
Permeability effects of single groin on flow characteristics

The results of an experimental study on the flow characteristics around a groin structure of various geometries and permeabilities are presented. The impermeable rectangular, the permeable pile, and the triangular-shaped groins are considered. The velocity fields were observed using large-scale particle image velocimetry, whereas the maximum velocities were measured using an acoustic Doppler velocimeter. An increased velocity at the groin tip and a broad range of the recirculation zones were observed for the impermeable rectangular groin. For the permeable pile groin, the velocity at the groin tip, the vortex strength, and the scale of the recirculation zone tended to decrease as the openings between the piles increased. Also, the triangular-shaped groin formed narrower and longer recirculation zones compared with the permeable pile groin of identical cross-sectional flow area. These quantitative findings on the flow patterns for groins of various geometries and permeabilities are practically important to design and evaluate their performance in field applications.
RETRACTED ARTICLE: Radiofrequency ablation versus hepatic resection for breast cancer liver metastasis: a systematic review and meta-analysis

To evaluate the comparative therapeutic efficacy of radiofrequency ablation (RFA) and hepatic resection (HR) for breast cancer liver metastases (BCLMs). Studies that had examined the outcomes for both RFA and HR for BCLM were identified by searching the electronic databases PubMed, EMBASE, and the Cochrane Library. Pooled analyzes of the overall survival (OS), disease-free survival (DFS), and short-term outcomes of BCLM were performed. Patients with BCLM gained many more survival benefits from HR than from RFA with regard to the 3-year OS rate (combined odds ratio (OR) 0.41, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.29–0.59, P<0.001), 5-year OS rate (combined OR 0.38, 95% CI 0.32–0.46, P<0.001), 3-year DFS (combined OR 0.36, 95% CI 0.27–0.49, P<0.001), and 5-year DFS (combined OR 0.51, 95% CI 0.40–0.66, P<0.001). RFA had fewer postoperative complications (combined OR 0.30, 95% CI 0.20–0.44, P<0.001) and shorter hospital stays (combined OR -9.01, 95% CI -13.49–4.54, P<0.001) than HR. HR takes precedence over RFA in the treatment of patients with BCLM, considering the better survival rate. RFA gives rise to fewer complications and can be carried out with a shorter hospital stay, compared to HR. RFA should be reserved for patients who are not optimum candidates for resection.
Watermarking Algorithm Based on Informed Coding and Informed Embedding

Informed coding and informed embedding have received considerable attention as a method of digital watermarking with side information in resent years. We designed a new type of codes called structured dirty-paper trellis in which each message is replaced by amount of alternative vectors. This method is very efficient to prevent brightness scaling. A Viterbi decoder is used in the detecting part to find out the highest correlation path. The correct message will be detected no mater how the brightness has been changed for it has no relativity with brightness. In embedding part, watermarking message is adapted by SNR. The original image is divided into several blocks which are transformed by DCT and the adaptive parameter is calculated based on SNR for each block, then watermarking components with different strength are inserted into some middle-frequency coefficients. The experimental results demonstrate that the watermarks generated with the proposed algorithm in this paper have good imperceptibility and robustness.
A synchronous sampling-based direct current estimation method for self-sensing active magnetic bearings

The position estimator is a key module of selfsensing active magnetic bearings (AMBs). It can improve system dynamic performance and reduce the axial dimension. Generally, the estimation methods can be divided into two categories: state observer estimation and parameter estimation (Tan et al., 2019; Chen et al., 2020). A self-sensing estimator based on a state observer was first proposed by Vischer (1988). In this, the rotor position was calculated by a linear mathematical model with coil current (Glück et al., 2011). A state feedback controller was presented, and the linear amplifier and inductance transformer were adopted in a self-sensing system (Li et al., 2004). However, the system dynamics and robustness cannot be investigated. For low stability and high sensitivity, most researchers prefer to perform the parameter estimation methods (Maslen et al., 2006; Park et al., 2008; Ji et al., 2012). First, a high frequency small dither signal is injected into the coil. Then, the rotor position is extracted from inductance characteristics. The methods are limited by the bandwidth of power amplifier (PA) and signal noise ratio (SNR), and with the disadvantage of additional circuits. Currently, AMBs commonly use pulse width modulation (PWM) to reduce hardware and manufacturing cost. By updating the disturbance amplitude and phase, a disturbance suppression method for self-sensing AMB rotor systems was proposed to reduce the self-sensing errors between the real and estimated rotor displacement (Yu and Zhu, 2018). The PWM ripple components are demodulated to estimate the rotor position because the working current and voltage were related to the inductance of the bearing coil (Schammass et al., 2005; Ranft et al., 2011; van Schoor et al., 2013). Amplitude demodulation methods inherently involve the low pass filter (LPF), band pass filter (BPF), and absolute value circuit to isolate the fundamental components of coil current or voltage (Yu and Zhu, 2016). Although system stability was improved, it is difficult to operate well in high-speed industrial application because of the phase shift in the sensing path. To simplify the estimation model, the direct current measurement method based on switching ripples was presented (Niemann et al., 2013; Zhang et al., 2017). The technical aspects of the above self-sensing schemes are: the finite impulse response (FIR) filters or electronic filters are adopted in the self-sensing path. Since the external phase shift is introduced by these filters and complex estimation algorithms, the system stability margin will be limited. The symmetrical design of the demodulation circuit is the key section. This will take charge of the fundamental current and voltage extraction process concurrently. Consequently, the PWM switch amplifier-based self-sensing schemes have problems of sensing path, sensing accuracy, and working stability. Journal of Zhejiang University-SCIENCE A (Applied Physics & Engineering) ISSN 1673-565X (Print); ISSN 1862-1775 (Online) www.jzus. zju.edu. cn; www.springerlink. com E-mail: jzus@zju.edu. cn
Error‐constrained finite‐horizon tracking control with incomplete measurements and bounded noises

This paper is concerned with the finite‐horizon tracking control problem for discrete nonlinear time‐varying systems with state delays, bounded noises and incomplete measurement output. The exogenous bounded noises are unknown and confined to specified ellipsoidal sets. A deterministic measurement output model is proposed to account for the incomplete data transmission phenomenon caused by possible sensor aging or failures. The aim of the addressed tracking control problem is to develop an observer‐based control over a finite‐horizon such that, for the admissible time delays, nonlinearities and bounded noises, both the quadratic tracking error and the estimation error are not more than certain upper bounds that are minimized at every time step. A recursive linear matrix inequality approach is used to solve the problem addressed. The observer and controller parameters are characterized in terms of the solution to a convex optimization problem that can be easily solved by using the semi‐definite programme method. A simulation example is exploited to illustrate the effectiveness of the proposed design procedures. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Storage capacity of a neural network with state-dependent synapses

The storage capacity of the Hopfield network is limited to p/N≤α c =0.138(p=number of patterns, N=number of neurons), beyond which the contribution of weakly correlated patterns surpasses that of the desired pattern. This contribution can be eliminated by introducing a threshold: a pattern correlation below this threshold is simply set to zero in the synapses. We solve the mean-field equations and derive the critical value of the threshold required to stabilize p=αN patterns with α>α c
Pseudo-dynamic testing of a fabricated composite frame with steel plate shear walls

A pseudo-dynamic testing program was generated on a fabricated composite frame with steel plate shear walls (SPSWs) to study its seismic performance. The specimen was a three-storey single-bay frame, which was composed of H-section steel columns and composite beams, and was assembled by bolted height-adjustable steel beam-to-column connections (BHA connections). Beam-only-connected SPSWs were selected as lateral load resisting members. The specimen was subjected to four ground motions of progressively increasing intensity. The results showed that: (1) beam-only-connected SPSWs provided sufficient lateral load resistance, lateral stiffness, and energy dissipation capacity to the fabricated frame via the tension field action developed in their infill panels; (2) the fabricated frame, assembled by BHA connections, exhibited substantial redundancy and good ductility; (3) an undesirable failure mode of the fabricated frame, in huge earthquakes, included severe cracking in composite beams and block shear failure in SPSWs’ connections; (4) the inter-storey shear force distribution determined by ASCE/SEI 7-10 was verified with experimental data.
Model-Based Recognition and Localization from Sparse Range or Tactile Data

This paper discusses how local measurements of three- dimensional positions and surface normals (recorded by a set of tactile sensors, or by three-dimensional range sensors), may be used to identify and locate objects from among a set of known objects. The objects are modeled as polyhedra having up to six degrees of freedom relative to the sensors. We show that inconsistent hypotheses about pairings between sensed points and object surfaces can be discarded efficiently by using local constraints on distances between faces, angles between face normals, and angles (relative to the surface normals) of vectors between sensed points. We show by simu lation and by mathematical bounds that the number of hy potheses consistent with these constraints is small. We also show how to recover the position and orientation of the object from the sensory data. The algorithm's performance on data obtained from a triangulation range sensor is illustrated.
Application of scale-resolving simulation to a hydraulic coupling, a hydraulic retarder, and a hydraulic torque converter

The paper describes the qualification and validation of large eddy simulation (LES) and hybrid Reynolds-averaged Navier–Stokes (RANS)/LES, the so-called scale-resolving simulation (SRS) approaches, which are currently employed in transient simulations of internal flow for fluid machineries. Firstly, the application of various turbulence models in ANSYS FLUENT is briefly introduced to acquire the external performance of three hydrokinetic devices and to compare it with experimental data. It was found that a remarkable improvement in external performance was achieved. The best results could be as low as 4% for the absolute error in hydraulic coupling, 2%–5% for the error for the hydraulic retarder, and 2%–4% for the hydraulic torque converter. Basically, all models had better error levels than that of around 10%–15% obtained by RANS. Then four typical SRS simulations were applied to conduct numerical simulations of the internal flow fields for hydraulic coupling, the hydraulic retarder, and the hydraulic torque converter. The results provided two indisputable facts, firstly, that SRS models are more accurate in certain flow situations than RANS models and, secondly, that SRS models can give additional information compared with RANS simulations. Finally, the BSL SBES DSL model, a dynamic hybrid RANS/LES (DHRL) turbulence model, was applied to simulate and analyze the flow mechanism of the hydraulic coupling to deepen our understanding of it. The detailed flow structure in hydraulic coupling was determined and was used to understand the flow mechanism.
Analysis of large deformation geotechnical problems using implicit generalized interpolation material point method

This paper presents a quasi-static implicit generalized interpolation material point method (iGIMP) with B-bar approach for large deformation geotechnical problems. The iGIMP algorithm is an extension of the implicit material point method (iMPM). The global stiffness matrix is formed explicitly and the Newton-Raphson iterative method is used to solve the equilibrium equations. Where possible, the implementation procedure closely follows standard finite element method (FEM) approaches to allow easy conversion of other FEM codes. The generalized interpolation function is assigned to eliminate the inherent cell crossing noise within conventional MPM. For the first time, the B-bar approach is used to overcome volumetric locking in standard GIMP method for near-incompressible non-linear geomechanics. The proposed iGIMP was tested and compared with iMPM and analytical solutions via a 1D column compression problem. Results highlighted the superiority of the iGIMP approach in reducing stress oscillations, thereby improving computational accuracy. Then, elasto-plastic slope stabilities and rigid footing problems were considered, further illustrating the ability of the proposed method to overcome volumetric locking due to incompressibility. Results showed that the proposed iGIMP with B-bar approach can be used to simulate geotechnical problems with large deformations.