Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The development of interactive parsing : the role of prosody and lexical biases in children's (and adults') sentence processing

Studies with adult listeners have demonstrated that prosody, lexical information and referential evidence all have rapid effects on the interpretation of syntactically ambiguous sentences, lending support to highly interactive models of online interpretation. But young children in parallel studies often fail to use referential information and instead rely heavily on lexical constraints (Trueswell, Sekerina, Hill & Logrip, 1999; Snedeker & Trueswell, 2004). This pattern is consistent with either a modular parsing system driven by stored lexical information or an interactive system which has yet to acquire low-validity referential constraints. In two experiments, we used a spoken language eye-gaze paradigm to demonstrate that four to six-year old children, and adults, rapidly use prosody to interpret prepositional-phrase attachment ambiguities. When both lexical and prosodic cues are manipulated, they have independent (additive) effects on online interpretation. We conclude that young children, like adults, rapidly use multiple sources of information to resolve structural ambiguities.
Association of human T lymphotropic virus 1 amplification of periodontitis severity with altered cytokine expression in response to a standard periodontopathogen infection.

BACKGROUND Periodontal diseases (PDs) are infectious diseases in which periodontopathogens trigger chronic inflammatory and immune responses that lead to tissue destruction. Recently, viruses have been implicated in the pathogenesis of PDs. Individuals infected with human T lymphotropic virus 1 (HTLV-1) present with abnormal oral health and a marked increased prevalence of periodontal disease. METHODS In this study, we investigated the patterns of periodontopathogen infection and local inflammatory immune markers in HTLV-1-seropositive individuals with chronic periodontitis (CP/HTLV-1 group) compared with HTLV-1-seronegative individuals with chronic periodontitis (CP group) and periodontally healthy, HTLV-1-seronegative individuals (control group). RESULTS Patients in the CP/HTLV-1 group had significantly higher values of bleeding on probing, mean probing depth, and attachment loss than patients in the CP group. The expression of tumor necrosis factor alpha and interleukin (IL) 4 was found to be similar in the CP and CP/HTLV-1 groups, whereas IL-12 and IL-17 levels trended toward a higher expression in the CP/HTLV-1 group. A significant increase was seen in the levels of IL-1beta and interferon gamma in the CP/HTLV-1 group compared with the CP group, whereas expression of the regulatory T cell marker FOXp3 and IL-10 was significantly decreased in the lesions from the CP/HTLV-1 group. Interestingly, similar frequency and/or load of periodontopathogens (Porphyromonas gingivalis, Tannerella forsythia, Treponema denticola, and Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans) and frequency of viruses (herpes simplex virus 1, human cytomegalovirus, and Epstein-Barr virus) characteristically associated with PDs were found in the CP/HTLV and CP groups. CONCLUSIONS HTLV-1 may play a critical role in the pathogenesis of periodontal disease through the deregulation of the local cytokine network, resulting in an exacerbated response against a standard periodontopathogen infection.
Thermal Unfolding of a Mammalian Pentameric Ligand-gated Ion Channel Proceeds at Consecutive, Distinct Steps*

Background: The 5-hydroxytryptamine receptor (5-HT3R) is a prototypical pentameric ligand-gated ion channel. Results: The receptor's thermal stability was investigated in native plasma membranes, in detergent solution, and in reconstituted lipid bilayers. Conclusion: Unfolding of the 5-HT3R occurs via hierarchical, consecutive structural transitions, which can be distinguished experimentally. Significance: Our findings serve as an important base to create receptors of increased stability for structural/functional studies. Pentameric ligand-gated ion channels (LGICs) play an important role in fast synaptic signal transduction. Binding of agonists to the β-sheet-structured extracellular domain opens an ion channel in the transmembrane α-helical region of the LGIC. How the structurally distinct and distant domains are functionally coupled for such central transmembrane signaling processes remains an open question. To obtain detailed information about the stability of and the coupling between these different functional domains, we analyzed the thermal unfolding of a homopentameric LGIC, the 5-hydroxytryptamine receptor (ligand binding, secondary structure, accessibility of Trp and Cys residues, and aggregation), in plasma membranes as well as during detergent extraction, purification, and reconstitution into artificial lipid bilayers. We found a large loss in thermostability correlating with the loss of the lipid bilayer during membrane solubilization and purification. Thermal unfolding of the 5-hydroxytryptamine receptor occurred in consecutive steps at distinct protein locations. A loss of ligand binding was detected first, followed by formation of different transient low oligomeric states of receptor pentamers, followed by partial unfolding of helical parts of the protein, which finally lead to the formation receptor aggregates. Structural destabilization of the receptor in detergents could be partially reversed by reconstituting the receptor into lipid bilayers. Our results are important because they quantify the stability of LGICs during detergent extraction and purification and can be used to create stabilized receptor proteins for structural and functional studies.
Pengaruh Pemberian Jus Tomat Terhadap Kadar Glukosa Darah Pada Prediabetes

Latar Belakang : Prediabetes merupakan kondisi dimana kadar glukosa darah seseorang berada diantara kadar normal dan diabetes. Pengaturan diet merupakan cara efektif untuk menurunkan kadar glukosa darah. Jus Tomat merupakan salah satu bahan minuman yang dihubungkan dengan penurunan kadar glukosa darah. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk membuktikan pengaruh pemberian jus tomat terhadap kadar glukosa darah pada prediabetes. Metode : Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian pra eksperimen dengan rancangan one group pre test-post test design . Subjek penelitian adalah warga Kelurahan Sendangguwo Semarang yang diambil secara consecutive sampling . Besar sampel adalah 21 orang. Tiap sampel diberi jus tomat sebanyak 200 ml yang berasal dari 180 gram tomat merah jenis Lycopersicum commune yang di- blanc h ing dengan air pada suhu 70-90°C selama 10 menit kemudian diblender dan disaring. Intervensi jus tomat diberikan selama 3 minggu. Kadar glukosa darah puasa diukur satu hari sebelum dan satu hari setelah intervensi dengan menggunakan metode spektrofotometri. Selama intervensi, asupan makan diperoleh dengan metode food recall 3×24 jam. Data yang diperoleh dianalisis menggunakan uji Shapiro Wilk dan paired t- test. Hasil : Terjadi penurunan kadar glukosa darah puasa sebesar 9,00 mg/dl (7,64%) setelah pemberian jus tomat selama 3 minggu. Simpulan : Uji statistik menunjukkan terdapat perbedaan bermakna terhadap penurunan kadar glukosa darah puasa sebelum dan setelah pemberian jus tomat.
Simultaneous intravital imaging of macrophage and neutrophil behaviour during inflammation using a novel transgenic zebrafish

Summary The zebrafish is an outstanding model for intravital imaging of inflammation due to its optical clarity and the ability to express fluorescently labelled specific cell types by transgenesis. However, although several transgenic labelling myeloid cells exist, none allow distinction of macrophages from neutrophils. This prevents simultaneous imaging and examination of the individual contributions of these important leukocyte subtypes during inflammation. We therefore used Bacterial Artificial Chromosome (BAC) recombineering to generate a transgenic Tg(fms:GAL4.VP16)i186, in which expression of the hybrid transcription factor Gal4-VP16 is driven by the fms (CSF1R) promoter. This was then crossed to a second transgenic expressing a mCherry-nitroreductase fusion protein under the control of the Gal4 binding site (the UAS promoter), allowing intravital imaging of mCherry-labelled macrophages. Further crossing this compound transgenic with the neutrophil transgenic Tg(mpx:GFP)i114 allowed clear distinction between macrophages and neutrophils and simultaneous imaging of their recruitment and behaviour during inflammation. Compared with neutrophils, macrophages migrate significantly more slowly to an inflammatory stimulus. Neutrophil number at a site of tissue injury peaked around 6 hours post injury before resolving, while macrophage recruitment increased until at least 48 hours. We show that macrophages were effectively ablated by addition of the prodrug metronidazole, with no effect on neutrophil number. Crossing with Tg(Fli1:GFP)y1 transgenic fish enabled intravital imaging of macrophage interaction with endothelium for the first time, revealing that endothelial contact is associated with faster macrophage migration. Tg(fms:GAL4.VP16)i186 thus provides a powerful tool for intravital imaging and functional manipulation of macrophage behaviour during inflammation.
Dexmedetomidine Pharmacodynamics: Part II: Crossover Comparison of the Analgesic Effect of Dexmedetomidine and Remifentanil in Healthy Volunteers

Background:Dexmedetomidine is a highly selective &agr;2-adrenoceptor agonist used for short-term sedation of mechanically ventilated patients. The analgesic profile of dexmedetomidine has not been fully characterized in humans. Methods:This study was designed to compare the analgesic responses of six healthy male volunteers during stepwise target-controlled infusions of remifentanil and dexmedetomidine. A computer-controlled thermode was used to deliver painful heat stimuli to the volar side of the forearms of the subjects. Six sequential 5-s stimuli (ranging from 41° to 50°C) were delivered in random order. The recorded visual analog scale was used to fit an Emax model. Results:Compared to baseline, remifentanil infusions resulted in a right shift of the sigmoid curve (increased T50, the temperature producing a visual analog scale score of 50% of the maximal effect, from 46.1°C at baseline to 48.4° and 49.1°C during remifentanil infusions) without a change of the steepness of the curve (identical Hill coefficients &ggr; during baseline and remifentanil). Compared to baseline, dexmedetomidine infusions resulted in both a right shift of the sigmoid curve (increased T50 to 47.2°C) and a decrease in the steepness of the curve (decreased &ggr; from 3.24 during baseline and remifentanil infusions to 2.45 during dexmedetomidine infusions). There was no difference in the pain responses between baseline and after recovery from remifentanil infusions (identical T50 and &ggr;). Conclusion:As expected, dexmedetomidine is not as effective an analgesic as the opioid remifentanil. The difference in the quality of the analgesia with remifentanil may be a reflection of a different mechanism of action or a consequence of the sedative effect of dexmedetomidine.
Latent Structured Active Learning

In this paper we present active learning algorithms in the context of structured prediction problems. To reduce the amount of labeling necessary to learn good models, our algorithms operate with weakly labeled data and we query additional examples based on entropies of local marginals, which are a good surrogate for uncertainty. We demonstrate the effectiveness of our approach in the task of 3D layout prediction from single images, and show that good models are learned when labeling only a handful of random variables. In particular, the same performance as using the full training set can be obtained while only labeling ~10% of the random variables.
Are there any psychological factors in male patients with primary spontaneous pneumothorax?

BACKGROUND Primary spontaneous pneumothorax (PSP) is usually seen in young male smokers. Pathophysiology of PSP remains unclear, and studies concerning emotional status are scarce. The aim of this study is to investigate psychological factors associated with primary spontaneous pneumothorax. METHODS The Beck Depression Inventory, Beck Anxiety Inventory, State-Trait Anger Expression Inventory, and State-Trait Anxiety Inventory were administered. RESULTS A total of 40 patients and 40 healthy controls were included in this study. The mean age in the patient group was 24.60 years, while that in the control group was 26.45 years. The difference was not significant. The weight and body mass index of the patient group were significantly lower compared to those of the control group. The mean Beck Anxiety Inventory scores in the patient and control groups were 10.37 ± 11.34 and 8.25 ± 10.60, respectively. Anxiety levels did not differ between the groups (p = 0.389). The mean Beck Depression Inventory scores of the patient and control groups were 8.20 ± 8.37 and 6.80 ± 7.57, respectively, but the difference was not significant (p = 0.435). When the anger structures of the groups were compared, no difference was found in any sub-scale. Trait anxiety scores were higher in the patient group compared to those in the control group, but the difference was not significant (p = 0.369). CONCLUSIONS This study's findings indicated that anger, anxiety, and depression levels did not differ between the primary spontaneous pneumothorax and healthy groups.
Targeting HSP70 to motoneurons protects locomotor activity from hyperthermia in Drosophila

Heat shock preconditioning can enhance locomotor and synaptic performance during subsequent hyperthermia. The molecular basis underlying this neural phenotypic modification is largely unknown. Here we report that directing the expression of the 70 kDa heat shock protein (HSP70) to motoneurons protected larval locomotor activity of Drosophila. Tissue‐specific expression showed that motoneurons were critical for developing HSP70‐mediated thermoprotection of locomotor activity, whereas peripheral sensory neurons, dopaminergic neurons, serotonergic neurons, and muscle cells alone were insufficient. Targeting HSP70 to motoneurons caused structural plasticity of axonal terminals associated with increased transmitter release at neuromuscular junctions at high temperature. The thermoprotection induced by motoneuronal expression of HSP70 mimicked the protective effect of a prior heat shock (36°C, 1 h; 25°C, 1 h) but the effects of heat shock and motoneuronal expression of HSP70 were not additive. In the absence of heat shock pretreatment, ubiquitously expressed transgenic HSP70 activated the transcription of endogenous hsp70 genes. These results demonstrate that motoneurons were critical for HSP70‐mediated thermoprotection, and that transgenic HSP70 activated the transcription of endogenous hsp70 in motoneurons with the result that a mix of transgenic and endogenous HSP70 conferred thermoprotection in Drosophila larva. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Develop Neurobiol, 2007
Fundamental limits of cache-aided interference management

We consider a system, comprising a library of files (e.g., movies) and a wireless network with an arbitrary number of transmitters and receivers, where each node is equipped with a local cache memory. The system operates in two phases, the prefetching phase, where each cache is pre-populated from the contents of the library, up to its limited size, and then the delivery phase, where each receiver reveals its request for a file from the library, and the system needs to deliver the requested files. The objective is to design the cache placement and the communication scheme to maximize the rate of delivery for arbitrary set of requested files. We characterize the sum degrees-of-freedom (sum-DoF) of this network to within a factor of 2 for all system parameters, under one-shot linear schemes. In particular, we show that the linear sum-DoF scales linearly with the aggregate cache size in the network (i.e., the cumulative memory available at all nodes). The proposed achievable scheme exploits the redundancy of the content at transmitters' caches to cooperatively zero-force some outgoing interference, and availability of the unintended content at the receivers' caches to cancel (subtract) some of the incoming interference. The outer bound is derived by an optimization argument which bounds the number of communication blocks needed to deliver any requested contents to the receivers. This result demonstrates that in this setting, caches at the transmitters' side are equally valuable as the caches at the receivers' side. In addition, it shows that caching can offer a throughput gain that scales linearly with the size of the network.
BENEFITS OF DEEPER ANALYSIS IN SIMULATION- BASED GROUNDWATER OPTIMIZATION PROBLEMS

A common dilemma in many decision, design, and modeling problems involving water resources is determining the level of simulation output to be passed to an optimization solver. A pure black-box approach allows for the easiest interface between the solver and the underlying simulator(s) but often requires a large number of simulation evaluations. On the other hand, full knowledge of the underlying computations enables the use of more specialized solvers but is labor-intensive, increases a solver’s overhead, and can be intractable or unrealistic. We explore trade-offs occurring between these two extremes on a groundwater problem based on the Lockwood Solvent Groundwater Plume Site. We make explicit use of knowledge about the problem’s nonsmoothness and additional outputs from the underlying simulator. We propose an augmented Lagrangian framework to solve the resulting problem under three different levels of information. Our results show both the benefit of working with richer output from the underlying simulator and the trade-off between computational complexity and accuracy with this increase in information.
Photo Tours

This paper describes an effort to automatically create ``tours'' of thousands of the world's landmarks from geo-tagged user-contributed photos on the Internet. These photo tours take you through each site's most popular viewpoints on a tour that maximizes visual quality and traversal efficiency. This planning problem is framed as a form of the Traveling Salesman Problem on a graph with photos as nodes and transition costs on edges and pairs of edges, permitting efficient solution even for large graphs containing thousands of photos. Our approach is highly scalable and is the basis for the Photo Tours feature in Google Maps, which can be viewed at http://maps.google. com/phototours.
Towards an evolutionary algorithm: a comparison of two feature selection algorithms

In order to deal with a large number of attributes, probabilistic feature selection algorithms have been proposed. Pure random walk entails mediocre performance in terms of search time. Introducing adaptiveness into a probabilistic algorithm can lead to a more focused search that results in a better search time. We compare two algorithms in search of an efficient but not myopic algorithm for feature selection. Based on the comparative study, we suggest some ways of improvement towards an evolutionary feature selection algorithm for data mining.
QUALITY OF CARE: CONCEPTS FROM NURSING STUDENTS QUALIDADE DO CUIDADO: CONCEPÇÕES DE GRADUANDOS DE ENFERMAGEM CALIDAD DE LA ATENCIÓN: LA OPINIÓN DE LOS ESTUDIANTES DE ENFERMERÍA

This work is a descriptive and exploratory study, with a qualitative approach, conducted with ten students from the final semester of Nursing School in a public institution in the state of Parana, carried out in August 2013. This study sought to grasp the concept of nursing students regarding the quality of care. Data were collected through semi-structured, recorded interviews and guided by the question: “Tell me about the quality of nursing care. ” After transcription, the interviews were subjected to content analysis, by Thematic Analysis, which revealed three themes: elements that constitute the quality of nursing care, consisting of elements related to the humanization of care, the comprehensiveness of care, and patient satisfaction; factors which affect the quality of nursing care, mediated by work overload and shortage of nursing staff; and opportunities to advance the quality of nursing care, which encompassed educational actions for nursing professionals, especially those involved in Continuing Education. It could therefore be concluded that the respondents considered humanization, comprehensive care, and patient satisfaction to be essential to achieving quality care. However, for this to occur, there must be proper staff sizing and continuous professional development.
Regression-based LP solver for chance-constrained finite horizon optimal control with nonconvex constraints

This paper presents a novel algorithm for finite-horizon optimal control problems subject to additive Gaussian-distributed stochastic disturbance and chance constraints that are defined over feasible, non-convex state spaces. Our previous work [1] proposed a branch and bound-based algorithm that can find a near-optimal solution by iteratively solving non-linear convex optimization problems, as well as their LP relaxations called Fixed Risk Relaxation (FRR) problems. The aim of this work is to significantly reduce the computation time of the previous algorithm so that it can be applied to practical problems, such as a path planning with multiple obstacles. Our approach is to use machine learning to efficiently estimate the objective function values of FRRs within an error bound that is fixed for a given problem domain and choice of model complexity. We exploit the fact that all the FRR problems associated with the branch-and-bound tree nodes are similar to each other, both in terms of the solutions as well as the objective function and constraint coefficients. A standard optimizer is first used to generate a training data set in the form of optimal FRR solutions. Matrix transformations and boosting trees are then applied to generate learning models; fast inference is performed at run-time for new but similar FRR problems that occur when the system dynamics and/or the environment changes slightly. By using this regression technique to estimate the lower bound of the cost function value, and subsequently solving the convex optimization problems exactly at the leaf nodes of the branch-and-bound tree, we achieve 10-35 times reduction in the computation time without compromising the optimality of the solution.
10-Gb/s millimeter-wave signal generation using photodiode bias modulation

We present a simple 120-GHz-band millimeter-wave (MMW) modulation method that uses the bias-voltage dependence of unitraveling-carrier-photodiode output power, which we call photodiode (PD) bias modulation. We investigated the dependence of the output-power-saturation mechanisms on the bias voltage. We used a lowpass filter in the bias circuit to increase the modulation bandwidth, and the 3-dB modulation bandwidth was over 7 GHz. We demonstrated the modulation of 120-GHz MMW signals at a data rate of 10 Gb/s using PD bias modulation.