Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
A Study on Data Parallel Optimization for Real-time Vehicle Recognition Algorithm

Data parallelization is an important method for speed up the vision based vehicle recognition system. And with the risen of multi/many cores, new programmability has been introduced to extend its ability to express more complicated and irregular algorithm utilizing multi/many cores hardware, this paper presents our study on data parallel computation model and illustrates our prime data parallel optimization for the key algorithms of vision based vehicle recognition algorithm including image filters, classifier and motion estimation. And after analyzing the result of optimization, the applicably bound of data parallel optimization and the future direction of parallel optimization for vision based vehicle recognition algorithm is summarized.
On the Relation between the Coherence and Foundations Theories of Belief Revision

Two recent papers, (Gardenfors 1990; Doyle 1992), try to assess the relative merits of the two main approaches to belief revision, the foundations and coherence theories, but leave open the question of the mathematical connections between them. We answer this question by showing that the foundations and coherence theories of belief revision are mathematically equivalent. The result also has consequences for nonmonotonic reasoning, as it entails that Poole's system of default reasoning and Shoham's preferential logic are expressively equivalent, in that they can represent the same set of non monotonic consequence relations.
Normal myogenic cells from newborn mice restore normal histology to degenerating muscles of the mdx mouse

Dystrophin deficiency in skeletal muscle of the x-linked dystrophic (mdx) mouse can be partially remedied by implantation of normal muscle precursor cells (mpc) (Partridge, T. A., J. E. Morgan, G. R. Coulton, E. P. Hoffman, and L. M. Kunkel. 1989. Nature (Lond.). 337:176-179). However, it is difficult to determine whether this biochemical "rescue" results in any improvement in the structure or function of the treated muscle, because the vigorous regeneration of mdx muscle more than compensates for the degeneration (Coulton, G. R., N. A. Curtin, J. E. Morgan, and T. A. Partridge. 1988. Neuropathol. Appl. Neurobiol. 14:299- 314). By using x-ray irradiation to prevent mpc proliferation, it is possible to study loss of mdx muscle fibers without the complicating effect of simultaneous fiber regeneration. Thus, improvements in fiber survival resulting from any potential therapy can be detected easily (Wakeford, S., D. J. Watt, and T. A. Patridge. 1990. Muscle & Nerve.) Here, we have implanted normal mpc, obtained from newborn mice, into such preirradiated mdx muscles, finding that it is far more extensively permeated and replaced by implanted mpc than is nonirradiated mdx muscle; this is evident both from analysis of glucose-6-phosphate isomerase isoenzyme markers and from immunoblots and immunostaining of dystrophin in the treated muscles. Incorporation of normal mpc markedly reduces the loss of muscle fibers and the deterioration of muscle structure which otherwise occurs in irradiated mdx muscles. Surprisingly, the regenerated fibers are largely peripherally nucleated, whereas regenerated mouse skeletal muscle fibers are normally centrally nucleated. We attribute this regeneration of apparently normal muscle to the tendency of newborn mouse mpc to recapitulate their neonatal ontogeny, even when grafted into 3-wk-old degenerating muscle.
CMOS image sensors: State-of-the-art and future perspectives

Over the last decade, CMOS image sensor technology made huge progress. Not only the performance of the imagers was drastically improved, but also their commercial success boomed after the introduction of mobile phones with an onboard camera. Many scientists and marketing specialists predicted 15 years ago that CMOS image sensors were going to completely take over from CCD imagers, in the same way as CCD imagers did mid eighties when they took over the imaging business from tubes [1]. Although CMOS has a strong position in imaging today, it did not rule out the business of CCDs. On the other hand, the CMOS-push drastically increased the overall imaging market due to the fact that CMOS image sensors created new application areas and they boosted the performance of CCD imagers as well. This paper describes the state-of-the-art of CMOS image sensors as well as the future perspectives.
Cultural contexts of individualism vs. collectivism: Exploring the relationships between family bonding, supervision and deviance

The primary focus of this paper is to test the cross-national generalizability of the relationship between parental attachment and delinquency. Countries were divided on individualistic and collectivistic dimensions. Individualistic countries emphasize the degree to which individuals are supposed to look after themselves whereas collectivist counties emphasize group integration, usually around the family, and the achievement of group over individual goals. Average individual-level associations between parental attachment and crime were examined across 26 nations in an international dataset of delinquency and victimization of 12–15-year-old students in grades 7–9. Low levels of parental attachment and parental supervision were found to be more strongly related to deviance in countries with individualistic as opposed to collectivist cultural orientations. Alternative explanations for this relationship are explored.
Improving RAID Performance Using an Endurable SSD Cache

Parity-based RAID storage systems have been widely deployed in production environments. However, they suffer from poor random write performance due to the parity update overhead, i.e., small write problem. With the increasing density and decreasing price, SSD-based caching offers promising opportunities for improving RAID storage I/O performance. However, as a cache device, frequent writes to SSD leads to being quickly worn out, which causes high costs and reliability problems. In this paper, we propose an efficient cache management scheme by Keeping Data and Deltas (KDD) in SSD. KDD dynamically partitions the cache space into Data Zone (DAZ) and Delta Zone (DEZ). DAZ stores data that are first admitted into SSD. On write hits, KDD writes the data to RAID storage without updating the parity blocks. Meanwhile, the deltas between old version of data and the currently accessed data are compactly stored in DEZ. In addition, KDD organizes the metadata partition on SSD as a circular log to make the cache persistent with low overhead. We evaluate the performance of KDD via both simulations and prototype implementations. Results show that KDD effectively reduces the small write penalty while significantly improving the lifetime of the SSD-based cache.
Singular value inequalities for Hilbert space operators

In this paper we show that if Ai,Bi,Xi are Hilbert space operators such that Xi is compact i = 1, 2, . ,n and f , 1 are non-negative continuous functions on [0,∞) with f (t)1(t) = t for all t ∈ [0,∞), also h is non-negative increasing operator convex function on [0,∞), then h s j  n ∑ i=1 ωiAi X ∗ i Bi  ≤ s j  n ∑ i=1 ωih(Ai f (|X∗ i |)Ai) ⊕ n ∑ i=1 ωih(Bi1(|Xi|)Bi)  for j = 1, 2, . and ∑n i=1 ωi = 1. Also, applications of some inequalities are given.
A Single Residue Change in Vibrio harveyi Hemolysin Results in the Loss of Phospholipase and Hemolytic Activities and Pathogenicity for Turbot (Scophthalmus maximus)

ABSTRACT Vibrio harveyi hemolysin, an important virulence determinant in fish pathogenesis, was further characterized, and the enzyme was identified as a phospholipase B by gas chromatography. Site-directed mutagenesis revealed that a specific residue, Ser153, was critical for its enzymatic activity and for its virulence in fish.
Proton Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy in 22q11 Deletion Syndrome

Objective People with velo-cardio-facial syndrome or 22q11 deletion syndrome (22q11DS) have behavioral, cognitive and psychiatric problems. Approximately 30% of affected individuals develop schizophrenia-like psychosis. Glutamate dysfunction is thought to play a crucial role in schizophrenia. However, it is unknown if and how the glutamate system is altered in 22q11DS. People with 22q11DS are vulnerable for haploinsufficiency of PRODH, a gene that codes for an enzyme converting proline into glutamate. Therefore, it can be hypothesized that glutamatergic abnormalities may be present in 22q11DS. Method We employed proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy (1H-MRS) to quantify glutamate and other neurometabolites in the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC) and hippocampus of 22 adults with 22q11DS (22q11DS SCZ+) and without (22q11DS SCZ−) schizophrenia and 23 age-matched healthy controls. Also, plasma proline levels were determined in the 22q11DS group. Results We found significantly increased concentrations of glutamate and myo-inositol in the hippocampal region of 22q11DS SCZ+ compared to 22q11DS SCZ−. There were no significant differences in levels of plasma proline between 22q11DS SCZ+ and 22q11DS SCZ−. There was no relationship between plasma proline and cerebral glutamate in 22q11DS. Conclusion This is the first in vivo 1H-MRS study in 22q11DS. Our results suggest vulnerability of the hippocampus in the psychopathology of 22q11DS SCZ+. Altered hippocampal glutamate and myo-inositol metabolism may partially explain the psychotic symptoms and cognitive impairments seen in this group of patients.
Multi-robot area exploration with limited-range communications

This paper proposes a reliable and efficient multi-robot coordination algorithm to accomplish an area exploration task given that the communication range of each robot is limited. This algorithm is based on a distributed bidding model to coordinate the movement of multiple robots. Two measures are developed to accommodate the limited-range communications. First, the distances between robots are considered in the bidding algorithm so that the robots tend to stay close to each other. Second, a novel coding mechanism is introduced in the map representation to reduce the exchanged data volume when new communication links are formed. Simulation results show the effectiveness of the use of the nearness measure in the coordination algorithm as well as the new coding mechanism to reduce the amount of map data exchanged. By handling the limited communication range we can make the coordination algorithms more practical in multi-robot applications.
Towards a Comprehensive HBV-Human Interaction Map

Hepatitis B virus (HBV) infected people are at high risk of death from cirrhosis of the liver and liver cancer. To overcome the drug-resistant challenge of current anti-HBV compounds, substances blocking host support proteins in HBV infection are becoming increasingly important. Comprehensive HBV-human interactome map, which describe gene-level interactions of HBV proteins with human proteins, may provide an important foundation to better understand the HBV strategies for replication and persistence and therefore help in identifying host factors that have a significant effect on HBV infection. Here we present a manual curated resource for HBV-human interactions, HBV-HIM. It currently catalogs 130 experimentally verified HBV-human molecular interactions from PubMed literatures, and more than 3,000 indirect human interactions from HPRD, which is freely available at http://hbvdb.bmi. ac.cn.
Dovepress Open Access to Scientific and Medical Research Open Access Full Text Article Dovepress Biological Targets in the Treatment of Rheumatoid Arthritis: a Comprehensive Review of Current and In-development Biological Disease Modifying Anti-rheumatic Drugs

Enhanced understanding of the rheumatoid arthritis (RA) pathophysiology and the role of cytokines has enabled the development of innovative biological agents in the last 10 years that target specific parts of the immune response. Failure to achieve adequate response with traditional disease modifying anti-rheumatic drugs (DMARDs) and increasing evidence of ongoing radiographic deterioration of the affected joints despite seemingly clinical response were essential stimuli for the development of biologics. The current and upcoming biological agents are primarily aimed at neutralizing circulating and cell-bound pro-inflammatory cytokines, interfering in the interaction of antigen-presenting and T-lymphocytes, eliminating circulating B-lymphocytes or by interfering with the intracellular signaling mechanisms of immuno-competent cells that lead to inflammation. These agents have improved the currently available treatments due to greater efficacy, fast action and greater tolerability. However, use of these agents has also been associated with significant, although rare, adverse events and considerable cost. Therefore, these agents should be used with caution by experienced clinicians. The present work aims to provide a global and updated review of the current and in-development biological DMARDs for the treatment of RA.
Sampling and Reconstruction driven by Sparsity Models: Theory and Applications

It has been shown recently that it is possible to sample classes of non-bandlimited signals which we call signals with Finite Rate of Innovation (FRI). Perfect reconstruction is possible based on a set of suitable measurements and this provides a sharp result on the sampling and reconstruction of sparse continuous-time signals. In this paper, we first review the basic theory and results on sampling signals with finite rate of innovation. We then discuss variations of the above framework to handle noise and model mismatch. Finally, we present some applications of this emerging sampling theory.
Development of the functional unit of a completely soft octopus-like robotic arm

In the presented paper the realization of an artificial functional unit of muscular hydrostat inspired by the octopus is shown. The octopus has been chosen because it shows high manipulation capabilities and dexterity without a skeletal support, thus it is a good example of Embodied Intelligence. Inspiration from Nature concerns the features that are interesting from a robotic point of view for the development of an artificial muscular hydrostat: in particular actuators arrangement and their antagonistic mechanism. The main focus was on the two key elements of the unit: soft actuators and support structure. Shape memory alloys (SMA) has been chosen for actuation technology, whereas the support structure is a braided sleeve, that provides spatial continuity to the action of the actuators. Two contiguous units have been built and tested in water. Capabilities of shortening, elongation and bending have been observed and their performances evaluated. A maximum elongation of 43% has been recorded from shortened to elongated condition, with a diameter variation of 25%, finding a good match with the expected results from the support structure models. Relative angle between extremities has been measured during bending in two conditions and their efficiency has been compared.
Lucretia - intersection type polymorphism for scripting languages

Scripting code may present maintenance problems in the long run. There is, then, the call for methodologies that make it possible to control the properties of programs written in dynamic languages in an automatic fashion. We introduce Lucretia, a core language with an introspection primitive. Lucretia is equipped with a (retrofitted) static type system based on local updates of types that describe the structure of objects being used. In this way, we deal with one of the most dynamic features of scripting languages, that is, the runtime modification of object interfaces. Judgements in our systems have a Hoare-like shape, as they have a precondition and a postcondition part. Preconditions describe static approximations of the interfaces of visible objects before a certain expression has been executed and postconditions describe them after its execution. The field update operation complicates the issue of aliasing in the system. We cope with it by introducing intersection types in method signatures.
Holography, dimensional reduction and the Bekenstein bound

We consider dimensional reduction of the lightlike holography of the covariant entropy bound from D+1 dimensional geometry of M × S1 to the D dimensional geometry M. With a warping factor, the local Bekenstein bound in D+1 dimensions leads to a more refined form of the bound from the D dimensional view point. With this new local Bekenstein bound, it is quite possible to saturate the lightlike holography even with nonvanishing expansion rate. With a Kaluza-Klein gauge field, the dimensional reduction implies a stronger bound where the energy momentum tensor contribution is replaced by the energy momentum tensor with the electromagnetic contribution subtracted.
Power Control Mechanism in OFDM Based Cognitive Radio System

Power is key parameter in communication system. In cognitive radio power of transmitter of primary user and secondary user should be at appropriate level for faithfull reception, at the same time there should be no interference between and among the adjacent users. In this paper power control mechanism is proposed for determining the primary user transmitter power. Interference caused due to primary user to secondary user is white noise by secondary user imply different noise levels in different sub channels. Here OFDM is used to fill the spectral gap for which OFDM channel filling optimization technique is used.
What Is an Epistemic Perspective

In this paper I examine the opposed approaches to perspectivity found in A. W. Moore’s representationalist and Robert Brandom’s inferentialist approaches to mental content, and argue that despite their opposition, they share an underlying rejection of Kant’s distinction between intuitive and conceptual forms of representation. Then, drawing on Ronald Giere’s “model-theoretic” approach to science, I argue that something like the distinction between intuitive and conceptual representational genres should be reinstated, and that this move allows the nature and limits of the perspectival metaphor to be more clearly appreciated. he terms “perspective,” “point of view” or “viewpoint,” “standpoint,” “horizon,” etc., are commonly encountered in contemporary philosophical attempts to capture something about the way that knowledge about the world might be shaped, structured, or otherwise conditioned by factors relating to the knower rather than to that which is known about. Typically, such talk appears in the context of a dispute that has in many ways dominated epistemology and philosophy of science for the past two or three decades, the dispute between forms of perspectival anti-realism or relativism and their “realist” opponents. But despite the ubiquity of these terms, relatively little attention has been paid to these notions themselves. Such attention might, at least, shed light on exactly what is at issue in these disputes. The perspectival trope can be traced back at least as far as Leibniz’s “point de vue,”1 but Kant and his idealist and romantic successors, among whom we can count Nietzsche, probably provide the classical sources of this type of talk.2 If we take Henry Allison’s approach to Kant and focus T
Achieving Requisite Variety in Customer Experience Research for Improving Marketing Relationship Performances

This special issue includes 27 customer experience (CX) trade tales as told in the words of real shoppers and customers. Some tales are of dilemmas and cognitive dissonance, whilst others share their elation at receiving the value, satisfaction, and respect they felt they deserved. When reading these accounts, you are likely to agree that there is much more to consumersi¦ everyday buying decisions and experiences than what meets the eye of the customer care officer, the representative or business owner (collectively called marketers here) at first glance. The emotive language and illustrative narratives emphasize the affective, intellectual, emotional, and social impact of good and bad responses by organizations to interactions with customers. You will quickly notice how positively-inclined customers can turn from highly impressed, excited and actively engaged clients, to negatively valanced antagonists, defending their point of view, or (in sharp contrast) respond to a sales interaction with passive aggressive behaviour. Surface to deep assessment follow each trade tale. Many of the tales are useful materials for creating emotional and insightful learning dramas for improving empathy and communication skills of those among us who interact with customers.
Super-star networks: Growing optimal scale-free networks via likelihood

Preferential attachment --- by which new nodes attach to existing nodes with probability proportional to the existing nodes' degree --- has become the standard growth model for scale-free networks, where the asymptotic probability of a node having degree $k$ is proportional to $k^{-\gamma}$. However, the motivation for this model is entirely ad hoc. We use exact likelihood arguments and show that the optimal way to build a scale-free network is to attach most new links to nodes of low degree. Curiously, this leads to a scale-free networks with a single dominant hub: a star-like structure we call a super-star network. Asymptotically, the optimal strategy is to attach each new node to one of the nodes of degree $k$ with probability proportional to $\frac{1}{N+\zeta(\gamma)(k+1)^\gamma}$ (in a $N$ node network) --- a stronger bias toward high degree nodes than exhibited by standard preferential attachment. Our algorithm generates optimally scale-free networks (the super-star networks) as well as randomly sampling the space of all scale-free networks with a given degree exponent $\gamma$. We generate viable realisation with finite $N$ for $1\ll \gamma 2$. We observe an apparently discontinuous transition at $\gamma\approx 2$ between so-called super-star networks and more tree-like realisations. Gradually increasing $\gamma$ further leads to re-emergence of a super-star hub. To quantify these structural features we derive a new analytic expression for the expected degree exponent of a pure preferential attachment process, and introduce alternative measures of network entropy. Our approach is generic and may also be applied to an arbitrary degree distribution.
RESOLVING PHASE AMBIGUITY IN THE INVERSE PROBLEM OF REFLECTION-ONLY MEASUREMENT METHODS

We have applied the phase unwrapping technique to resolve the phase ambiguity problem arising from complex expressions of scattering parameters, for re∞ection-only measurement conflgurations, since, at some instances, only one side of the sample under test is accessible for electromagnetic measurements. We considered two difierent measurement conflgurations for testing the applicability of the phase unwrapping technique as: 1) two identical samples with difierent lengths ∞ushed by a short-circuit termination and 2) one sample shorted by a varying short-circuit termination. For each measurement conflguration, the underlying expressions for the re∞ection scattering parameters are derived. For both cases, we evaluated the suitability of the phase unwrapping technique by considering a highly-dispersive medium (distilled water) as our test sample. We note that continuity of the real part of the complex wavelength is a key issue in the unwrapping technique for (one-port) re∞ection-only measurements.
Ballots and Bullets

This text disputes the belief that "democracies don't fight each other". The author argues that those who belive a democratic peace exists, typically examine the 1815-1980 period as a whole, conflating the pre-World War I and post-World War II years. Examining these periods separately, the book contends that a democratic peace prevailed only during the latter period. It calls into question the conclusions of previous researchers and the wisdom of present US foreign policy initiatives.