Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
A Formal Approach for the Development of Automated Systems

This paper deals with the use of two verification approaches : theorem proving and model checking. We focus on the event B method by using its associated theorem proving tool (Click n Prove), and on the language TLA + by using its model checker TLC. By considering the limitation of the event B method to invariance properties, we propose to apply the language TLA + to verify liveness properties on a software behavior. We extend first of all the expressivity of a B model (called temporal B model) to deal with the specification of fairness and eventuality properties. Second, we give transformation rules from a temporal B model into a TLA + module. We present in particular, our prototype system called B2TLA + , that we have developed to support this transformation. Finally, we verify these properties thanks to the TLC model checker.
Parcellation of the primary cerebral cortices based on local connectivity profiles

Connectivity-based parcellation using diffusion MRI has been extensively used to parcellate subcortical areas and the association cortex. Connectivity profiles are vital for connectivity-based parcellation. Two categories of connectivity profiles are generally utilized, including global connectivity profiles, in which the connectivity information is from the seed to the whole brain, and long connectivity profiles, in which the connectivity information is from the seed to other brain regions after excluding the seed. However, whether global or long connectivity profiles should be applied in parcellating the primary cortex utilizing connectivity-based parcellation is unclear. Many sources of evidence have indicated that the primary cerebral cortices are composed of structurally and functionally distinct subregions. Because the primary cerebral cortices are rich in local anatomic hierarchical connections and possess high degree of local functional connectivity profiles, we proposed that local connectivity profiles, that is the connectivity information within a seed region of interest, might be used for parcellating the primary cerebral cortices. In this study, the global, long, and local connectivity profiles were separately used to parcellate the bilateral M1, A1, S1, and V1. We found that results using the three profiles were all quite consistent with reported cytoarchitectonic evidence. More importantly, the results using local connectivity profiles showed less inter-subject variability than the results using the other two, a finding which suggests that local connectivity profiles are superior to global and long connectivity profiles for parcellating the primary cerebral cortices. This also implies that, depending on the characteristics of specific areas of the cerebral cortex, different connectivity profiles may need to be adopted to parcellate different areas.
Minimal effect of a low-fat/high soy diet for asymptomatic, hormonally naive prostate cancer patients.

PURPOSE The effects of a low-fat diet or a low-fat diet with the addition of a soy supplement were investigated in a pilot Phase II study for asymptomatic, hormonally naive prostate cancer patients with rising prostate-specific antigen (PSA) levels. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN A two-step intervention was implemented. During step 1 patients were begun on a low-fat diet with a goal to reduce fat intake to 15% of total daily calories. On PSA progression, a soy protein supplement was added to the diet (step 2). The primary end point was PSA reduction by 50%. Secondary end points were PSA doubling time and time to progression (TTP). Serum was analyzed for changes in the sex hormone and insulin-like growth factor (IGF-I) axes. RESULTS Among 18 evaluable patients, (median follow-up on study 10.5 months), no patient on either step had a PSA reduction by 50% at any time. There was a trend toward a longer PSA doubling time (P = 0.06) and a prolongation in estimated median TTP of approximately 3 months (P = 0.018) during step 2 compared with step 1 of the study. During step 1, free testosterone levels decreased by 5% (P < 0.01), and during step 2, IGF-I levels increased by 22% (P = 0.02). CONCLUSIONS A low-fat diet with the subsequent addition of a soy supplement did not result in a significant decline in PSA levels. The addition of soy protein had a modest effect on TTP. A potentially undesirable effect associated with the administration of soy was an increase in IGF-I serum levels.
Beyond the lens : communicating context through sensing, video, and visualization

Responding to rapid growth in sensor network deployments that outpaces research efforts to understand or relate the new data streams, this thesis presents a collection of interfaces to sensor network data that encourage open-ended browsing while emphasizing saliency of representation. These interfaces interpret, visualize, and communicate context from sensors, through control panels and virtual environments that synthesize multimodal sensor data into interactive visualizations. This work extends previous efforts in cross-reality to incorporate augmented video as well as complex interactive animations, making use of sensor fusion to saliently represent contextual information to users in a variety of application domains, from building information management to real-time risk assessment to personal privacy. Three applications were developed as part of this work and are discussed here: DoppelLab, an immersive, cross-reality browsing environment for sensor network data; Flurry, an installation that composites video from multiple sources throughout a building in real time, to create an interactive and incorporative view of activity; and Tracking Risk with Ubiquitous Smart Sensing (TRUSS), an ongoing research effort aimed at applying real-time sensing, sensor fusion, and interactive visual analytic interfaces to construction site safety and decision support. Another project in active development, called the Disappearing Act, allows users to remove themselves from a set of live video streams using wearable sensor tags. Though these examples may seem disconnected, they share underlying technologies and research developments, as well as a common set of design principles, which are elucidated in this thesis. Building on developments in sensor networks, computer vision, and graphics, this work aims to create interfaces and visualizations that fuse perspectives, broaden contextual understanding, and encourage exploration of real-time sensor network data. Thesis Supervisor: Joseph A. Paradiso Title: Associate Professor of Media Arts and Sciences, MIT Media Lab
New directions in hypnosis research: strategies for advancing the cognitive and clinical neuroscience of hypnosis

Abstract This article summarizes key advances in hypnosis research during the past two decades, including (i) clinical research supporting the efficacy of hypnosis for managing a number of clinical symptoms and conditions, (ii) research supporting the role of various divisions in the anterior cingulate and prefrontal cortices in hypnotic responding, and (iii) an emerging finding that high hypnotic suggestibility is associated with atypical brain connectivity profiles. Key recommendations for a research agenda for the next decade include the recommendations that (i) laboratory hypnosis researchers should strongly consider how they assess hypnotic suggestibility in their studies, (ii) inclusion of study participants who score in the middle range of hypnotic suggestibility, and (iii) use of expanding research designs that more clearly delineate the roles of inductions and specific suggestions. Finally, we make two specific suggestions for helping to move the field forward including (i) the use of data sharing and (ii) redirecting resources away from contrasting state and nonstate positions toward studying (a) the efficacy of hypnotic treatments for clinical conditions influenced by central nervous system processes and (b) the neurophysiological underpinnings of hypnotic phenomena. As we learn more about the neurophysiological mechanisms underlying hypnosis and suggestion, we will strengthen our knowledge of both basic brain functions and a host of different psychological functions.
Accelerated Solution of Multivariate Polynomial Systems of Equations

We propose new Las Vegas randomized algorithms for the solution of a square nondegenerate system of equations, with well-separated roots. The algorithms use $\Oc (\delta\, \csttn D^{2} \log(D) \log(b))$ arithmetic operations (in addition to the operations required to compute the normal form of the boundary monomials modulo the ideal) to approximate all real roots of the system as well as all roots lying in a fixed n-dimensional box or disc. Here D is an upper bound on the number of all complex roots of the system (e.g., Bezout or Bernshtein bound), $\delta$ is the number of real roots or the roots lying in the box or disc, and $\epsilon=2^{-b}$ is the required upper bound on the output errors. For computing the normal form modulo the ideal, the efficient practical algorithms of [B. Mourrain and P. Trebuchet, in Proceedings of the International Symposium on Symbolic and Algebraic Computation, ACM, New York, 2000, pp. 231--238] or [J. C. Faugere, J. Pure Appl. Algebra, 139 (1999), pp. 61--88] can be applied. We also yield the bound $\Oc( \csttn D^{2} \log(D) )$ on the complexity of counting the numbers of all roots in a fixed box (disc) and all real roots. For a large class of inputs and typically in practical computations, the factor $\delta$ is much smaller than $D, \delta=o(D)$. This improves by the order of magnitude the known complexity estimates of the order of at least 3n D4 + D3 log(b) or D4, which so far are the record estimates even for the approximation of a single root of a system and for each of the cited counting problems, respectively. Our progress relies on proposing several novel techniques. In particular, we exploit the structure of matrices associated to a given polynomial system and relate it to the associated linear operators, dual space of linear forms, and normal forms of polynomials in the quotient algebra; furthermore, our techniques support the new nontrivial extension of the matrix sign and quadratic inverse power iterations to the case of multivariate polynomial systems, where we emulate the recursive splitting of a univariate polynomial into factors of smaller degree.
Accurate analysis and visual feedback of vibrato in singing

Vibrato is a frequency modulation effect of the singing voice and is very relevant in musical terms. Its most important characteristics are the vibrato frequency (in Hertz) and the vibrato extension (in semitones). In singing teaching and learning, it is very convenient to provide a visual feedback of those two objective signal characteristics, in real-time. In this paper we describe an algorithm performing vibrato detection and analysis. Since this capability depends on fundamental frequency (F0) analysis of the singing voice, we first discuss F0 estimation and compare three algorithms that are used in voice and speech analysis. Then we describe the vibrato detection and analysis algorithm and assess its performance using both synthetic and natural singing signals. Overall, results indicate that the relative estimation errors in vibrato frequency and extension are lower than 0.1%.
Interplay among distinct Ca2+ conductances drives Ca2+ sparks/spontaneous transient outward currents in rat cerebral arteries

Distinct Ca2+ channels work in a coordinated manner to grade Ca2+ spark/spontaneous transient outward currents (STOCs) in rat cerebral arteries. The relative contribution of each Ca2+ channel to Ca2+ spark/STOC production depends upon their biophysical properties and the resting membrane potential of smooth muscle. Na+/Ca2+ exchanger, but not TRP channels, can also facilitate STOC production.
Harnessing Connectivity in a Large-Scale Small-Molecule Sensitivity Dataset.

UNLABELLED Identifying genetic alterations that prime a cancer cell to respond to a particular therapeutic agent can facilitate the development of precision cancer medicines. Cancer cell-line (CCL) profiling of small-molecule sensitivity has emerged as an unbiased method to assess the relationships between genetic or cellular features of CCLs and small-molecule response. Here, we developed annotated cluster multidimensional enrichment analysis to explore the associations between groups of small molecules and groups of CCLs in a new, quantitative sensitivity dataset. This analysis reveals insights into small-molecule mechanisms of action, and genomic features that associate with CCL response to small-molecule treatment. We are able to recapitulate known relationships between FDA-approved therapies and cancer dependencies and to uncover new relationships, including for KRAS-mutant cancers and neuroblastoma. To enable the cancer community to explore these data, and to generate novel hypotheses, we created an updated version of the Cancer Therapeutic Response Portal (CTRP v2). SIGNIFICANCE We present the largest CCL sensitivity dataset yet available, and an analysis method integrating information from multiple CCLs and multiple small molecules to identify CCL response predictors robustly. We updated the CTRP to enable the cancer research community to leverage these data and analyses.
PARTOS-11: an efficient real-time operating system for low-cost microcontrollers

An efficient real-time operating system, PARTOS-11, has been developed for a low-speed and small-memory microcontroller, 68HC11. The size of the kernel is 2 Kbytes. Both hard real-time tasks and soft real-time tasks can be run in the system concurrently. The rate-monotonic policy is adopted for scheduling hard real time tasks, which guarantees that all tasks meet their deadline if the condition of Liu and Layland's theorem is met. A novel model, the Slack Sharing Server (SSS), was proposed and implemented. The SSS is a simple and efficient server for soft real time tasks running together with hard real time tasks in a small real-time embedded system.
Seroprevalence, pattern and outcome of HIV/AIDS among surgical patients at Gondar University Hospital.

BACKGROUND HIV/AIDS affects not only medical but also surgical patients. Post operative outcome could be influenced in a form of increased morbidity or mortality. OBJECTIVE To determine prevalence, pattern and out come of HIV/AIDS among surgical patients at Gondar University Hospital (GUH). PATIENTS AND METHOD All patients admitted to the department of surgery of GUH from October 2001 to February 2002 were included The ELISA was used to test for HIV Patients were categorized in to four groups according to their cause of illnesses; namely General surgical, Trauma, Infective and neoplasia. RESULTS Seventy-three (12.1%) of the 604 patients tested were positive for HIV. Those patients who had some sort of infectious surgical illnesses including appendicitis and cholecystitis had the highest prevalence (25.7%). It was observed during the study that morbidity and mortality were higher among the patients who were considered to have developed AIDS. CONCLUSION The study has established an HIV/AIDS prevalence rate of 12.1% among surgical patients at Gondar University Hospital. Patients with infectious surgical processes were affected most. It is recommended that this group of patients need voluntary counselling and testing (VCT) for HIV and may benefit from its outcome by getting anti-retroviral therapy.
E cient Decision-Theoretic Planning : Techniques and Empirical Analysis

This paper discusses techniques for performing e cient decision-theoretic planning. We give an overview of the drips decisiontheoretic re nement planning system, which uses abstraction to e ciently identify optimal plans. We present techniques for automatically generating search control information, which can signi cantly improve the planner's performance. We evaluate the e ciency of drips both with and without the search control rules on a complex medical planning problem and compare its performance to that of a branch-and-bound decision tree algorithm.
Estimating Energy Savings in Compressed Air Systems

Compressed air is typically one of the most expensive utilities in an industrial facility. As a result, potential savings opportunities are aggressively sought out and identified. Once identified, projected energy savings must be calculated in order to justify the cost of implementing the savings opportunity. It is important to calculate projected energy and cost savings as accurately as possible. Unfortunately, savings are frequently overestimated because the methods used to estimate savings neglect to consider important factors such as compressor control and type, storage, and multiple compressor operation. In this paper, a methodology is presented for modeling air compressor performance and calculating projected energy savings from easily obtainable performance data such as full-load power, no-load power, rated capacity, average fraction full-load power or average fraction rated capacity. The methodology is applied in case study examples that illustrate the difference between estimating savings using this method and rule-of-thumb methods.
The effect of late-onset ventilator-associated pneumonia in determining patient mortality.

STUDY OBJECTIVE To determine whether the development of late-onset ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP) is associated with an increased risk of hospital mortality. DESIGN Prospective cohort study. SETTING ICUs of two university-affiliated teaching hospitals. PATIENTS Three hundred fourteen patients admitted to an ICU who required mechanical ventilation for greater than 5 days. INTERVENTIONS Prospective patient surveillance and data collection. MEASUREMENTS The primary outcome measures were the development of late-onset VAP (ie, occurring > 96 h after intubation) and hospital mortality. RESULTS Late-onset VAP was observed in 87 patients (27.7%). Thirty-four (39.1%) patients with late-onset VAP died during hospitalization compared with 85 patients (37.4%) without late-onset VAP (relative risk, 1.04; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.76 to 1.43). Twenty patients (6.4%) developed late-onset VAP due to a "high-risk" pathogen (ie, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Acinetobacter sp, Xanthomonas maltophilia) with an associated mortality rate of 65%. Stepwise logistic regression analysis identified five variables as independent risk factors for hospital mortality (p < 0.05): an organ system failure index of 3 or greater (adjusted odds ratio [AOR], 3.4; 95% CI, 2.0 to 5.8; p < 0.001), having a nonsurgical diagnosis (AOR, 2.1; 95% CI, 1.3 to 3.6; p = 0.002), a premorbid lifestyle score of 2 or greater (AOR, 1.8; 95% CI, 1.1 to 2.9; p = 0.015), acquiring late-onset VAP due to a "high-risk" pathogen (AOR, 3.4; 95% CI, 1.2 to 10.0; p = 0.025), and having received antacids or histamine type-2 receptor antagonists (AOR, 1.7; 95% CI, 1.0 to 2.9; p = 0.034). Additionally, we found the occurrence of late-onset VAP due to high-risk pathogens to be the most important predictor of hospital mortality among patients developing VAP (AOR, 5.4; 95% CI, 2.8 to 10.3; p = 0.009). CONCLUSIONS Nosocomial pneumonia due to certain high-risk microorganisms is an independent risk factor for hospital mortality among patients requiring prolonged mechanical ventilation. We suggest that future investigations of late-onset VAP stratify patient outcomes according to the distribution of high-risk pathogens when reporting their results.
Prosthetic rehabilitation of an edentulous cleft palate using a denture with a palatal obturator: a clinical report

A cleft palate is a genetic disorder that occurs when an oro-nasal communication is present between the palate and the base of the nose. During pregnancy, the maxillary is not completely merged, and the defect is only seen at birth. Possible causes are hormonal imbalances, nutritional deficiencies, infections, radiation during pregnancy, alcohol or cigarette consumption, the ingestion of other teratogenic substances by the mother, and heredity. The resulting defect requires corrective surgery. In the case of a cleft palate, surgery is postponed until after the first year of life to avoid disturbing the normal development of speech and the risk of aspiration of food, which causes infections such as otitis and pneumonia. Ear infections can harm the development of speech in cases where surgery is not possible or the defect has reappeared. This article describes the prosthetic rehabilitation of a edentulous patient: a woman of 53 years old with a cleft palate who was treated surgically. In a clinical examination, a residual palatal defect was identified. The prosthetic rehabilitation involved the emplacement of a complete adapted prosthesis, using a palatal obturator, with a view to sealing the defect and allowing the patient to acquire better speech quality, and improve her nutrition and well-being.
The use of conditional lethal cell cycle mutants of temporal and functional sequence mapping of cell cycle events

Conditional lethal mutants defective in particular steps of the cell division cycle have recently been isolated in several types of eukaryotic cells (Hartwell, '74; Nurse et al., '76; Frankel e t al., '76; Orr and Rosenberger, "76; Morris, '76; Sato, '76; Basilico, '77; Siminovitch and Thompson, '78). Among the several uses to which such mutants can be put is the derivation of temporal and functional sequence maps of cell cycle events. By a temporal map, I mean very simply a diagram summarizi. f: the temporal order of events during the cell cycle (fig. 11, such as could in principle be obtained by using a perfectly synchronous culture and methods for accurately and instantaneously monitoring each cell cycle event. Note that the temporal map per se provides no information on how the cell arranges for events to be carried out in an appropriate temporal order, or even on whether the temporal order indicated by the map is fixed or flexible. By a functional sequence map, I mean a diagram summarizing the functional interrelatedness of various cell cycle events. Figure 2 shows several possible examples. Note tha t a functional sequence map has implications for, bu t may not fully determine, the corresponding temporal map. For example, if three events occur in the dependent series A B: C,, then they must also occur in the fixed temporal order A then B then C. On the other hand, knowing that events A and B are in parallel pathways (fig. 2c) tells one nothing of their actual temporal order, and even suggests that the temporal order may be flexible. An unambiguous discussion of the use of conditional lethal cell cycle mutants for constructing temporal and functional sequence maps requires the recognition that there are several different times in the cell cycle that are relevant to consideration of any particular
SciQL: bridging the gap between science and relational DBMS

Scientific discoveries increasingly rely on the ability to efficiently grind massive amounts of experimental data using database technologies. To bridge the gap between the needs of the Data-Intensive Research fields and the current DBMS technologies, we propose SciQL (pronounced as 'cycle'), the first SQL-based query language for scientific applications with both tables and arrays as first class citizens. It provides a seamless symbiosis of array-, set- and sequence-interpretations. A key innovation is the extension of value-based grouping of SQL:2003 with structural grouping, i.e., fixed-sized and unbounded groups based on explicit relationships between elements positions. This leads to a generalisation of window-based query processing with wide applicability in science domains. This paper describes the main language features of SciQL and illustrates it using time-series concepts.