Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
ROUTING IN MOBILE ADHOC NETWORKS (MANETS) USING FUZZY AIDED ANT COLONY OPTIMIZATION (ACO) TECHNIQUE

In this work, a routing algorithm suitable for Mobile Adhoc Networks is proposed. MANETS are unstable nature when network mobility increases. Path selection process is a critical task in routing algorithms. The proposed work addresses this problem by employing Ant Colony Optimization and Fuzzy logic technques while developing the routing algorithm. The path information by ants will be given to FIS(Fuzzy Interference system ) in order to compute the available path’s score values, based on this score value from the FIS system the optimal paths will be selected. Hence, the routing problem can be solved more effectively by achieving high successful path delivery rate rather than the conventional routing algorithms. This technique is implemented and the results are compared to the existing algorithms. The performance of the proposed algorithm is assessed using distance, power consumption etc.,
Recovery and Adaptation after Weight Training Sessions with Different Number of Sets to Failure

Increases in strength and muscle mass can be achieved with weight training and adequate recovery (including nutrition and sleep). The time course of recovery and adaptation (super-compensation) for different number of sets has not been adequately investigated in the literature. A 40-year-old well-trained male exercised the chest with (a) 3 sets of bench press, (b) 5 sets of bench press, (c) 5 sets of bench press and 4 sets of dips, all to momentary concentric muscular failure during a 6 months body split program. The recovery was assessed by comparing the number of repetitions of the first bench press set to the previous training session. The results showed that with 3 and 5 sets to failure adaptation (+1 repetition) took place after 5 days. 9 sets needed 7 days for recovery and no adaptation took place. The adaptation was faster when exercising the chest without trainings the back and/or legs, indicating that Selye’s adaptation energy (resources potential) might be applicable to weight training as well. Delayed onset muscle soreness (DOMS) and motivation (mood) were found to be useful indexes of recovery. Implications on training volume and frequency and how the findings can be applied in practice are discussed.
A neural network based testbed for modelling sensorimotor integration in robotic applications

Preliminary work toward the integration of sensorimotor interactions using the Neural Simulation Language (NSL) and the Rapid Robotics Application Development (R/sup 2/AD) environment for computing sensory information and creating motor behavior, respectively, for the purpose of visuomotor coordination in the real world is described. It is noted that, by combining these environments, one gains greater flexibility in designing neural networks to model various perceptions and behaviors in biological systems. This system also gives the computational neurobiologist a new avenue of investigation: the ability to see one's algorithms, based upon neurophysiological and behavioral data, come to life within an artificial creature. Such a capability can allow a better behavioural comparison between the real system and the artificial algorithm. As an application example, the modeling of the visual sensory modality in predator avoidance behavior found in frogs and toads is considered. <<ETX>>
Autonomous Sensor Center Position Calibration with Linear Laser-Vision Sensor

A linear laser-vision sensor called 'Perception TriCam Contour' is mounted on an industrial robot and often used for various application of the robot such as the position correction and the inspection of a part. In this paper, a sensor center position calibration is presented for the most accurate use of the robot-Perceptron system. The obtained algorithm is suitable for on-site calibration in an industrial application environment. The calibration algorithm requires the joint sensor readings, and the Perceptron sensor measurements on a specially devised jig which is essential for this calibration process. The algorithm is implemented on the Hyundai 7602 AP robot, and Perceptron`s measurement accuracy is increased up to less than 1.4mm.
Timing errors in distributed space-time communications

In this paper we study the effects of timing errors on distributed space-time codes for collaborative communications. We assume a half duplex, decode and forward scheme, where two relaying nodes are not perfectly synchronized in forwarding. We analyze 1) the impact of this asynchronism on the performance of an Alamouti and a Golden code scheme with different types of detectors, and 2) the sensitivity of above schemes to timing errors with optimum detectors, when perfect knowledge of timing errors is assumed. 1
CONTROL PROPERTIES OF MOTOR UNITS

SUMMARY This review will deal with two evolving concepts which describe and attempt to unify various observations concerning the behaviour of motor units that have been reported during the past decade. The two concepts are: (1) The common drive which describes the behaviour of the firing rates of motor units, and appears to provide a simple schema for controlling motor units; and (2) the firing rate/recruitment interaction which appears to enhance the smoothness of the force output of a muscle. The evolution of these concepts has been expedited by the development of recent techniques such as our decomposition technique which enables us accurately to decompose the myoelectric signal into the constituent motor unit action potential trains. For details refer to LeFever & De Luca (1982), Mambrito & De Luca (1983) and Mambrito & De Luca (1984).
Stabilization of the Shear Instability in a Dust Layer of a Protoplanetary Disk and Possible Formation of Planetesimals due to Gravitational Fragmentation of the Dust Layer

We show that the planetesimal formation due to the gravitational fragmentation of a dust layer in a protoplanetary disk is possible. The dust density distribution in the dust layer would approach the constant Richardson number distribution due to the dust stirring by the shear instability and dust settling. We perform the analysis of the shear instability of dust layer in a protoplanetary disk with the constant Richardson number density distribution. Our study revealed that this distribution is stable against the shear instability even if the dust density at the midplane reaches the critical density of the gravitational instability, and the planetesimal formation through the gravitational fragmentation of the dust layer can occur even for the dust to gas surface density ratio with the solar composition.
Dynamic Package Interfaces - Extended Version

A hallmark of object-oriented programming is the ability to perform computation through a set of interacting objects. A common manifestation of this style is the notion of a package, which groups a set of commonly used classes together. A challenge in using a package is to ensure that a client follows the implicit protocol of the package when calling its methods. Violations of the protocol can cause a runtime error or latent invariant violations. These protocols can extend across different, potentially unboundedly many, objects, and are specified informally in the documentation. As a result, ensuring that a client does not violate the protocol is hard. We introduce dynamic package interfaces (DPI), a formalism to explicitly capture the protocol of a package. The DPI of a package is a finite set of rules that together specify how any set of interacting objects of the package can evolve through method calls and under what conditions an error can happen. We have developed a dynamic tool that automatically computes an approximation of the DPI of a package, given a set of abstraction predicates. A key property of DPI is that the unbounded number of configurations of objects of a package are summarized finitely in an abstract domain. This uses the observation that many packages behave monotonically: the semantics of a method call over a configuration does not essentially change if more objects are added to the configuration. We have exploited monotonicity and have devised heuristics to obtain succinct yet general DPIs. We have used our tool to compute DPIs for several commonly used Java packages with complex protocols, such as JDBC, HashSet, and ArrayList.
A functional promoter polymorphism in monocyte chemoattractant protein–1 is associated with increased susceptibility to pulmonary tuberculosis

We examined the distribution of single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in nitric oxide synthase 2A, monocyte chemoattractant protein–1 (MCP-1), regulated on activation, normal T cell expressed and secreted, and macrophage inflammatory protein–1 α genes in tuberculosis patients and healthy controls from Mexico. The odds of developing tuberculosis were 2.3- and 5.4-fold higher in carriers of MCP-1 genotypes AG and GG than in homozygous AA. Cases of homozygous GG had the highest plasma levels of MCP-1 and the lowest plasma levels of IL-12p40, and these values were negatively correlated. Furthermore, stimulation of monocytes from healthy carriers of the genotype GG with Mycobacterium tuberculosis antigens yielded higher MCP-1 and lower IL-12p40 concentrations than parallel experiments with monocytes from homozygous AA. Addition of anti–MCP-1 increased IL-12p40 levels in cultures of M. tuberculosis–stimulated monocytes from homozygous GG, and addition of exogenous MCP-1 reduced IL-12p40 production by M. tuberculosis–stimulated monocytes from homozygous AA. Furthermore, we could replicate our results in Korean subjects, in whom the odds of developing tuberculosis were 2.8- and 6.9-fold higher in carriers of MCP-1 genotypes AG and GG than in homozygous AA. Our findings suggest that persons bearing the MCP-1 genotype GG produce high concentrations of MCP-1, which inhibits production of IL-12p40 in response to M. tuberculosis and increases the likelihood that M. tuberculosis infection will progress to active pulmonary tuberculosis.
Capacitor-based phase shifter for 8 elements antenna feeding network

This paper deals with the development of 8 elements capacitor-based phase shifter for 2.4GHz antenna feeding network. The phase shifting is achieved by using loaded-line phase shifter technique implemented by placing capacitor chips at the edge between 50Ω and 70. 71Ω transmission lines. The feeding network consists of microstrip transmission lines and matching impedance lines designed using a quarter wavelength transformer method and deployed on an FR4 Epoxy dielectric substrate with relative permittivity of 4.3, thickness of 1.6mm and dimension of 50mm × 300mm. The feeding network is configured at 4 different scenarios with various capacitance values. The first scenario is no capacitor chips added into the microstrip lines; while at the second and third scenarios, 1pF and 10pF capacitor chips are put on each line of output port, respectively; and at the forth scenario, capacitor chips with the consecutively value of 10pF, 3pF, 1pF, 1pF, 1pF, 1pF, 3pF, 10pF are placed for each microstrip line. From the result, it shows that the proposed capacitor-based phase shifter for 8 elements antenna feeding network is suitable for 2.4GHz operating frequency with the measured phase shifting up to 40° for capacitance value of 1pF.
Increasing prevalence of recurrent otitis media among children in the United States.

BACKGROUND The number of visits for otitis media, the most common diagnosis among preschool children, has increased during the past decade. This study was undertaken to determine whether there has been a concurrent increase in the prevalence of recurrent otitis media among children in the United States and to identify risk factors or demographic changes to explain the increase. METHODS Secondary analyses of cross-sectional data from the Child Health Supplement to the 1981 and 1988 National Health Interview Surveys (n = 5189 [1981] and n = 6209 [1988]) were done to identify temporal changes in the prevalence and any associated risk factors of recurrent otitis media among children <6 years of age. RESULTS Recurrent otitis among preschool children increased from 18.7% in 1981 to 26% in 1988 (odds ratio [OR] = 1.6, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.4, 1.7). Although the prevalence of recurrent otitis increased with age, the greatest increase in recurrent otitis media occurred in infants (OR = 1.9, CI = 1.3, 2.9). Factors independently associated with recurrent otitis were any allergic condition (OR = 1. 9, CI = 1.7, 2.2); survey year (OR = 1.7, CI = 1.5, 1.9); Black race (OR = .6, CI = .5, .7); Hispanic ethnicity (OR = .8, CI = .6, .9); day care (OR = 1.5, CI = 1.3, 1.7); out-of-home care by an unrelated sitter (OR = 1.3, CI = 1.1, 1.6); and male gender (OR = 1.2, CI = 1. 1, 1.3). From 1981 to 1988, there were significant increases in some risk factors associated with recurrent otitis media, including day care (11% vs 21%) and allergic conditions (14% vs 18%). CONCLUSIONS We conclude that there has been a significant increase in the prevalence of recurrent otitis media among children in the United States, particularly in infants. The increased prevalence of recurrent otitis media was associated with an increase in the use of child care and a higher prevalence of allergic conditions among children.
Bouncing model for the table tennis trajectory prediction and the strategy of hitting the ball

The bouncing model plays an important role in the trajectory prediction process when the humanoid robots play table tennis. A nonlinear bouncing model based on Momentum Theorem and Moment of Momentum Theorem considering spin of the ball is established to describe the collision between the ball and the table. With the constructed bouncing model, the hitting strategy is discussed to hit the ball the way we expect. The experiments show that with the existing aerodynamic model, we can predict the table tennis trajectory within the error range we expect.
Gender Differences and Consumer Videogame Engagement

This paper intends to examine the gender differences on the engagement states of consumer videogame engagement through comparing the male group vs. female group. To meet this objective, the authors aim to utilize the causal-comparative study to analyse the gender differences on consumer videogame engagement. Data were collected from a sample of 235 teen videogame consumers whose aged were between 16-19years and studying in the private and public universities. Out of 235, the only 219 teen videogame consumers were valid and able to further use for data analysis. Using SPSS 22.0, we examined the valid data through independent t-test and also calculated the effect size for the significant hypotheses. The study findings reported that male teen videogame consumers are significantly different from female teen videogame consumers on the three engagement states of consumer videogame engagement such as cognitive, affective, and behavioural engagement. This paper is first among the videogame studies that has investigated the gender differences on the engagement states of consumer videogame engagement.
The Newtonian limit of metric gravity theories with quadratic Lagrangians

The Newtonian limit of fourth-order gravity is worked out discussing its viability with respect to the standard results of general relativity. We investigate the limit in the metric approach which, with respect to the Palatini formulation, has been much less studied in the recent literature, due to the higher order of the field equations. In addition, we refrain from exploiting the formal equivalence of higher-order theories considering the analogy with specific scalar–tensor theories, i.e. we work in the so-called Jordan frame in order to avoid possible misleading interpretations of the results. Explicit solutions are provided for several different types of Lagrangians containing powers of the Ricci scalar as well as combinations of the other curvature invariants. In particular, we develop the Green's function method for fourth-order theories in order to find out solutions. Finally, the consistency of the results with respect to general relativity is discussed.
A 40-nm 8T SRAM with selective source line control of read bitlines and address preset structure

This paper presents a 40-nm 8T SRAM in which bitlines are partially discharged by a selective source line control (SSLC) for low-power operation. The proposed SSLC scheme reduces a read bitline voltage swing in an unselected column with a floating source line (SL) of dedicated read ports. The SL is controlled by an additional NMOS switch that is turned on in a selected column, but the switch is kept off in the remaining unselected columns. The proposed scheme is effective for power reduction in successive address readouts through a single column. Furthermore, this paper introduces an address preset structure. The preset address enables the SRAM to be read out with no access time penalty for preferred use of the SSLC scheme. We fabricated a 16-Kb 8T SRAM test chip in a 40-nm CMOS process and observed that the proposed SSLC scheme with the address preset structure saves 38.1% of the readout power on average.
CP violation versus the matter effect in long-baseline neutrino oscillation experiments

We investigate, within the framework of three generations of neutrinos, the effects of $\mathrm{CP}$ violation in long-baseline neutrino oscillation experiments. We aim at illuminating the global feature of the interplay between a genuine effect due to the $\mathrm{CP}$-violating phase and a fake one due to the Earth matter effect. To this goal, we develop a formalism based on the adiabatic approximation and perturbative treatment of the matter effect which allows us to obtain approximate analytic expressions of the oscillation probabilities. We present an order-of-magnitude estimation and a detailed numerical computation of the absolute and the relative magnitudes of the $\mathrm{CP}$ violations under the mass hierarchy suggested by the atmospheric neutrino anomaly and the cosmological dark matter. We find that the genuine $\mathrm{CP}$-violating effect is at most $\ensuremath{\sim}$1%, and the matter effect dominates over the intrinsic $\mathrm{CP}$ violation only in a region of parameters where the oscillation probability of ${\ensuremath{\nu}}_{\ensuremath{\mu}}\ensuremath{\rightarrow}{\ensuremath{\nu}}_{e}$ is large.
On the variability and spectral distortion of fluorescent iron lines from black hole accretion discs

We investigate the properties of fluorescent iron lines that arise as a result of the illumination of a black hole accretion disc by an X-ray source located above the disc's surface. We study in detail the light-bending model of the variability of the lines, extending previous work on the subject. We indicate that the bending of photon trajectories to the equatorial plane (a distinct property of the Kerr metric) is the most feasible effect underlying the reduced variability of the lines observed in several objects. A model involving an X-ray source with a varying radial distance, located within a few central gravitational radii around a rapidly rotating black hole, close to the disc's surface, may explain both the elongated red wing of the line profile and the complex variability pattern observed in MCG-6-30-15 by XMM-Newton. We also point out that illumination by radiation that returns to the disc (following the previous reflection) contributes significantly to the formation of the line profile in some cases. As a result of this effect, the line profile always has a pronounced blue peak (which is not observed in the deep minimum state in MCG-6-30-15), unless the reflecting material is absent within the innermost 2-3 gravitational radii.
Building a Better Tour Experience with Machine Learning

The motivation of this project is to solve a problem that we currently face working on a project called 27bards, which seeks to revolutionize the tour industry by constructing a database of currently existing tour operators with the Airbnb-like twist of allowing the average person to make money as a part-time tour guide. We wanted to apply machine-learning techniques to make sense of the largely unanalyzed collection of tour operator websites and to ultimately create a rich tour-browsing experience for users.
Urban Water Security Challenges in the Nepal and Indian Himalaya in the Context of Climate Change

South Asia is home to over a fifth of the world’s population that is increasingly becoming concentrated in urban and peri-urban areas. Small to medium-sized cities in the Himalayan regions of Nepal and India are undergoing rapid urbanization. The increasing population, changing lifestyles, economic status of people, and effects of climate change are all contributing to the ever-growing water shortages, leading to a situation of water insecurity in the region. Four cities, namely, Dhulikhel and Dharan in Nepal, and Mussoorie and Haldwani in India were chosen for study as representative of urban areas in the low to medium elevation in the Himalaya that are dependent on springs, streams, rivers and groundwater for meeting domestic and commercial water needs. The present situation and future prospects suggest that ensuring adequate supplies of acceptable quality water for these cities will become ever more challenging in the decades to come unless city specific climate adaptive and equitable water supply measures are employed effectively. Moreover, certain segments of city dwellers face greater difficulties in gaining access to potable water due to socio-cultural and economic factors. Therefore, to achieve sustainable, equitable and climate resilient water management, measures such as, protection of critical urban water zones, stream bank and gully stabilization, water harvesting and groundwater recharge will be needed along with augmentation of infrastructure, increased storage capacity, appropriate policies and institutional arrangements at local, state, and national levels for effectively addressing the issues of equitable water access to each of the households in the cities.
A MULTI-STAGE APPROACH TO FINGERSPELLING AND GESTURE RECOGNITION

We examine application of a hierarchical (multi-stage) neural network classifier to recognition of fingerspelling. We address the problem of finding a hierarchy of classifiers, optimal with respect to recognition accuracy, given a labeled corpus of signing samples. This problem stems from the necessity to recognize a large number of classes for which a single neural network classifier requires prohibitively large training sets and infeasible training time. We outline the general framework of the problem of finding an optimal hierarchy and explain its relationship to the problems of decision tree inference and object clustering. Three algorithms are presented, their accuracy tested on a subset of figerspelling letters and compared to the accuracy of the expert-devised hierarchy and a single-network classifier. The best algorithm attains significant increase in accuracy and exemplifies crucial distinction between finding an optimal hierarchy and clustering.