Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Associations of clinical features in neurofibromatosis 1 (NF1)

Neurofibromatosis 1 (NF1), an autosomal dominant disease, exhibits extreme clinical variability. This variability greatly increases the burden for affected families and impairs our ability to understand the pathogenesis of NF1. Recognition of heterogeneity within a disease may provide important pathogenic insights, therefore we tested clinical data from three large sets of NF1 patients for evidence that certain common features are more likely to occur in some NF1 patients than in others. Clinical information on 4,402 patients with NF1 was obtained from three independent databases. We examined associations between pairs of clinical features in individual affected probands. We also examined associations between the occurrence of individual features in affected relatives. Associations were summarized as odds ratios with 95% confidence intervals. We found associations between several pairs of features in affected probands: intertriginous freckling and Lisch nodules, discrete neurofibromas and plexiform neurofibromas, discrete neurofibromas and Lisch nodules, plexiform neurofibromas and scoliosis, learning disability or mental retardation and seizures. We also found associations between the occurrence of Lisch nodules, macrocephaly, short stature, and learning disability or mental retardation as individual features in parents and children with NF1.
Segregation by choice? A study of group‐specific reasons for school choice

In this paper, patterns of group‐specific reasons for school choice and their implications for segregation within the Dutch educational system are examined. The data from more than 10,000 parents are considered in analyses of variance. Parental reasons for school choice are found to relate to religion, social milieu and ethnicity, on the one hand, and the school’s denomination, social milieu and ethnic composition, on the other hand. The results show general quality of education to be a leading reason for school choice while group‐specific reasons for school choice also exist with Muslim migrant parents, in particular, showing a strong preference for an Islamic education for their children. The results thus suggest a risk of self‐segregation among Muslim migrant parents.
Coherence and pairing in a doped Mott insulator: application to the cuprates.

The issues of single particle coherence and its interplay with singlet pairing are studied within the slave boson gauge theory of a doped Mott insulator. Prior work by one of us [T. Senthil, Phys. Rev. B 78, 045109 (2008)10.1103/PhysRevB.78. 045109] showed that the coherence scale below which Landau quasiparticles emerge is parametrically lower than that identified in the slave boson mean field theory. Here we study the resulting new non-Fermi liquid intermediate temperature regime characterized by a single particle scattering rate that is linear in temperature (T). In the presence of a d-wave pair amplitude, this leads to a pseudogap state with T-dependent Fermi arcs near the nodal direction. Implications for understanding the cuprates are discussed.
Philip G. Zimbardo on his career and the Stanford Prison Experiment's 40th anniversary.

We interviewed Philip G. Zimbardo on April 19, 2011, in anticipation of the 40th anniversary of the Stanford Prison Experiment in August 2011. While Zimbardo’s name is mentioned often in tandem with the experiment, he has distinguished himself in many other areas within psychology before and after the experiment, beginning with an accomplished early career at New York University in which he took interest in social psychology research on deindividuation. We discussed the Stanford Prison Experiment in the greater context of his varied and illustrious career, including recent pioneering work on heroism, the establishment of The Shyness Clinic at Stanford University, and the iconic Discovering Psychology series. We also addressed his adroit and candid approach to the experiment itself over the years.
Overcoming the barriers to xenotransplantation: prospects for the future

Cross-species transplantation (xenotransplantation) has immense potential to solve the critical need for organs, tissues and cells for clinical transplantation. The increasing availability of genetically engineered pigs is enabling progress to be made in pig-to-nonhuman primate experimental models. Potent pharmacologic immunosuppressive regimens have largely prevented T-cell rejection and a T-cell-dependent elicited antibody response. However, coagulation dysfunction between the pig and primate is proving to be a major problem, and this can result in life-threatening consumptive coagulopathy. This complication is unlikely to be overcome until pigs expressing a human ‘antithrombotic’ or ‘anticoagulant’ gene, such as thrombomodulin, tissue factor pathway inhibitor or CD39, become available. Progress in islet xenotransplantation has been more encouraging, and diabetes has been controlled in nonhuman primates for periods in excess of 6 months, although this has usually been achieved using immunosuppressive protocols that might not be clinically applicable. Further advances are required to overcome the remaining barriers.
Mathematical Modelling for the Design of an Edge Router

This paper presents the formulation, modelling and analysis of network traffic for the purpose of designing an edge router, catering for a large campus. Presuming packet arrival from Poissonpsilas process, and departure or service time distribution to be exponential, a Markov model has been developed. The stochastic characteristics of the traffic has been monitored and studied over long durations through different times of a day and different days of a week. Design parameters like buffer capacity, link speed and various other key parameters for an edge router have been derived. Additionally, an algorithm has been suggested to manipulate the weights of the queues dynamically in a weighted round robin scheduling, thereby changing the packet departure rate of the flows. The algorithm eventually provides a control over the load factors and the probability of packet.
From SOV to SVO: the grammar of interlanguage word order

This paper analyses the grammatical outcome of the conflict speakers of a head-final L1 (Southern Quechua) face when learning a head-initial target (Standard Spanish) in a naturalistic setting. It proposes that interlanguage sentential word orders reflect a transfer of two independent parameters from the L1: the possibility of having null objects with definite/specific antecedents and a feature triggering object movement for sentential focus. The second parameter can be successfully reset through contradictory evidence; the first one, however, cannot, since target evidence is compatible with the L1 setting. This data can better be accounted for in Schwartz and Sprouse's full-access/full-transfer model (Schwartz and Sprouse, 1994; 1996) than in other alternatives such as Vainikka and Young-Scholten's (1994) minimal trees hypothesis and Eubank's (1994; 1996) valueless features hypothesis.
Can game-based therapies be trusted? Is game-based education effective? A systematic review of the Serious Games for health and education

This review sets out the lines of development and research currently being conducted into Serious Games which pursue some form of benefit in the field of personal health. Although video games are traditionally associated with software developments, developing them in the social and health-care field involves studying the associated hardware and paying attention to aspects related to interaction with the game. Serious Games for Health cover matters related to education and the treatment of illnesses, awareness enhancement and psychological treatment, as well as training doctors in surgical techniques, for example. This chapter includes a review of relevant Serious Game developments over the last ten years and examines new trends.
Clinical review 124: Diabetic dyslipidemia: causes and consequences.

More cardiovascular disease occurs in patients with either type 1 or 2 diabetes. The link between diabetes and atherosclerosis is, however, not completely understood. Among the metabolic abnormalities that commonly accompany diabetes are disturbances in the production and clearance of plasma lipoproteins. Moreover, development of dyslipidemia may be a harbinger of future diabetes. A characteristic pattern, termed diabetic dyslipidemia, consists of low high density lipoprotein (HDL), increased triglycerides, and postprandial lipemia. This pattern is most frequently seen in type 2 diabetes and may be a treatable risk factor for subsequent cardiovascular disease. The pathophysiological alterations in diabetes that lead to this dyslipidemia will be reviewed in this article.
Altruism or Egoism? That Is (Still) the Question

Summarizing in the theoretical terms of Batson and Shaw, we maintain that persons high in empathy have multiple ultimate goals, both altruistic and egoistic, that generally promote helping. In controlled circumstances Batson and his colleagues have demonstrated that the altruistic goals are more powerful when subjects are forced to choose. However, they readily concede that outside the laboratory these goals are often satisfied by the same behavior, helping. Given the conflicting evidence concerning the interaction between altruistic and egoistic motives in helping situations (cf. Archer et al., 1981; Cialdini et al., 1987; Fultz et al., 1986), more research on dispositional empathy and helping is needed to decide our claim. If both motives do drive highly empathic people, then Batson and Shaw's elegant and parsimonious Eden in which a single ultimate goal predominates is definitely lost to us. But then we never really had it to lose.
Resident Advisor General Intelligence, Emotional Intelligence, Personality Dimensions, and Internal Belief Characteristics as Predictors of Rated Performance

Resident Advisors (RAs) have a significant hand in helping students adjust and thrive in college life. Given the importance of selecting high-performing RAs, this study sought to examine how well various measures of intelligence (e.g., general, emotional) in addition to personality and additional “internal belief” characteristics predict performance in the RA position, using hierarchical regression analyses. General intelligence, emotional intelligence, personality dimensions, and “internal beliefs” survey data were obtained from 36 university RAs. Performance data were obtained from self-reports by the RAs and also from 190 resident students rating their RAs. RA emotional stability, conscientiousness, and confidence in ability as an RA were found to be predictive of rated performance. Scores of emotional intelligence, but not general intelligence, were found to be significantly positively correlated with RA performance. However, emotional intelligence did not have incremental validity above the contribution of other measures. Implications for improving the current process of RA selection at colleges and directions for future research are discussed.
Performance analysis and enhancements for IEEE 802.11e wireless networks

The IEEE 802.11 WLAN legacy standard cannot provide QoS support for multimedia applications. Thus, considerable research efforts have been carried out to enhance QoS support for 802.11. Among them, 802.11e is the upcoming QoS-enhanced standard proposed by the IEEE working group. This article describes in detail the new QoS features of 802.11e based on the latest version of the standard draft. We investigate the performance of 802.11e through computer simulations. Using simple examples, we show the effectiveness of adaptive schemes under the 802.11e framework.
We Went Looking for an Organization but Could Find Only the Metaphysics of its Presence

This article explores the ‘lifeworld theories’ of organizations held by organizational actors, gathered from staff and managers of two ‘organizations’ as they went through a process of merger. Using Henri Lefebvre’s theories of place and space read through a postmodernist lens to interrogate the data, we discovered amongst staff theories of the organization as place, arising out of the material territory in which they worked. Amongst managers and those whom we call directors/chief executives there was a contrasting theory of organization as space, based upon a sense of an immaterial space occupied by a metaphysical organization. Rather than finding a dualistic distinction between organization and agents, we found the organization and organizational members collapsed in upon each other, with managerial identities fused with and inseparable from that of ‘the organization’; chief executives requiring the existence of an impossible organization that could exist only in their minds; and non-managerial employees refusing to identify anything called ‘an organization’.
Investigating the relationship between organizational intelligence and organizational culture by considering the intermediary role of organizational knowledge management in Fars province zonal watering organization

This research aims to investigate the relationship between organizational intelligence and organizational culture by considering the intermediary role of knowledge management in Fars province zonal watering organization. Questionnaires have been used as research tools and statistical analyses have been done on the data gathered from the statistical society. Results show that like similar researches results, there is significant relationship between organizational intelligence and organizational culture in this organization. But the intermediary role of knowledge management between these two variables become blurred as two of its dimensions are and two are not related significantly with organizational culture and this is because of knowledge management insufficient establishment in this organization. All of the organizational intelligence dimensions are related significantly with organizational culture according to intermediary role of knowledge management.
The primary structure of the human leukocyte antigen CD37, a species homologue of the rat MRC OX-44 antigen [published erratum appears in J Exp Med 1990 Sep 1;172(3):1007]

Comparison of NH2-terminal protein sequence from the rat OX-44 antigen with the sequence of the human CD37 antigen deduced from a cDNA clone shows that these antigens are species homologues. The CD37 sequence is 244 amino acids in length and lacks a conventional leader sequence. The molecule is likely to have an NH2-terminal cytoplasmic domain followed by three transmembrane sequences that lie within the first 110 amino acids. The rest of the molecule is hydrophillic and contains three sites for N-linked glycosylation.
Critically revisiting aspects of the human sexual response cycle of Masters and Johnson: correcting errors and suggesting modifications

Despite the publication of various conceptual criticisms and suggested modifications in response to the human sexual response cycle described in the Masters and Johnson 1966 book, Human Sexual Response, incorrect or unexplained aspects of their reports on specific mechanisms involved in the sexual arousal process have been left uncorrected or undiscussed. The present article examines a number of these and proposes corrections or modifications to rectify the faults and omissions.
Pathways into Bankruptcy: Accumulating Disadvantage and the Consequences of Adverse Life Events

This study combines theories of accumulating disadvantage and economic insecurity using the event of bankruptcy to investigate how certain adverse life events jointly affect inequality. I analyze National Longitudinal Survey of Youth data from 1985 through 2008 to highlight the complexities of financial hardship in the path to bankruptcy. By applying hybrid mixed effects models to parse out within- and between-person variation, I show that, in the case of bankruptcy, financial hardship unfolds over a specific series of events, which can lead to the accumulation of disadvantage connected to changes in employment, marital, and health statuses. I find that bankruptcy results from people's recent experiences of illness and marital dissolution, but not always directly from employment disruption. The effects of job loss on bankruptcy become more apparent as these events accumulate over time and limit wealth creation. The timing of events and their relationship with net worth also influence when a person will file for bankruptcy. As a whole, my findings demonstrate how adverse events and financial hardship lead to bankruptcy through multiple pathways.
Forest investments and channels of contestation in highland Ethiopia

Increasing demands for forest products and services in forest-limited places such as Ethiopia necessitate deeper consideration of the social, political, ecological and economic institutions that underpin forest access. Given the key role that forests play in rural livelihoods, access limitations associated with emerging agricultural and forest-based foreign land investments have significant implications for communities located at the forest-farm interface. While private investment in Ethiopian forests is limited, a lack of citizen empowerment and transparent information inhibits local communities and advocates from effectively monitoring and protecting resource rights. This paper describes the tenure systems surrounding forests in Ethiopia today and examines two aspects of emerging forest investments in Ethiopia and highlights spaces within them for social transformation that might lead to more equitable benefit sharing. First, it describes the absence of a uniform definition of forestland, and a lack of clear institutional authority and information transparency surrounding land deals affecting forests. Second, it illustrates constraints to local citizen participation in decision-making.
Brachytherapy for Recurrent Single Brain Metastasis

ABSTRACT: Of 112 stereotactic high-activity iodine-125 implants for malignant brain tumors done as of July 1, 1994, ten have been done for recurrent single brain metastasis and constitute the study group described herein. All patients had initially undergone craniotomy for tumor resection followed by fractionated external beam whole brain radiation and recurred at the same site in the brain. The interval between initial cancer therapy and occurrence of the brain metastasis was 13 – 156 weeks (median: 63 weeks). The interval between initial treatment of the brain metastasis and its recurrence treated with brachytherapy was 13-69 weeks (median: 35 weeks). Minimum brachytherapy dose administered was 70 Gy at a median dose rate of 67 cGy/hour. Eight- patients have died. Two died suddenly at 2 and 13 weeks post-implant of presumed pulmonary embolus. Five died of recurrence of the brain metastasis at 20, 39, 52, 103, and 143 weeks post-implant, and one died of systemic metastases at 40 weeks post-implant. Two patients remain alive 183 and 324 weeks post-implant. High-activity iodine-125 brachytherapy appears to be of benefit for selected patients with recurrent single brain metastasis but larger, and preferably randomized studies are needed.
Book Review Pseudoscience in Biological Psychiatry: Blaming the body Edited by Colin A. Ross and Alvin Pam. 294 pp. New York, John Wiley, 1995. $37.50. 0-471-00776-5

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A power efficient 3-Gbits/s 1.8V PMOS-based LVDS output driver

This paper presents a new topology of a PMOS based LVDS voltage-mode output driver. This topology is designed to meet the requirements of low power consumption and high data rates applications. The driver, which consists of a pre-driver stage and an output stage, uses a positive feedback technique at the output stage to achieve line impedance matching and power saving. The pre-driver stage is used to set the driver's swing and common mode output voltage. The pre-driver and the output stage consume only 9mW of power at 3 Gbps speed while operating from a 1.8V voltage supply. The system is designed and simulated using CMOS 180nm technology and is fully compliant with LVDS output swing and common mode voltage specifications.
Spinal cord ischemia: clinical and imaging patterns, pathogenesis, and outcomes in 27 patients.

BACKGROUND The natural history and pathogenesis of ischemic spinal cord infarction remain largely unknown because most clinical studies have included mostly patients with ischemic lesions associated with aortic surgery or prolonged arterial hypotension. OBJECTIVE To assess the pathogenetic mechanisms and outcomes of these cord infarctions based on clinical findings and spinal vascular anatomy. DESIGN Retrospective review. PATIENTS We analyzed the clinical, laboratory, imaging, and outcome data for 27 patients with acute spinal cord infarction admitted between 1990 and 2003. There were 11 men and 16 women (age range, 19-80 years [mean age, 56 years]). RESULTS Ten patients had anterior spinal artery patterns, 4 each had anterior and posterior unilateral patterns, 3 had central patterns, and 2 each had posterior spinal artery patterns, transverse syndromes, and unclassifiable clinical pictures. Twenty patients had no identifiable etiology. Patients with a central or transverse infarct showed a high frequency of peripheral vascular disease, and all transverse infarcts occurred following prolonged arterial hypotension. The onset of all other infarcts was associated with mechanical triggering movements (P = .02), and these patients frequently had diseases of the spine (P = .003) at the level of the spinal lesion, with the clinical data suggesting root involvement at the level of the spinal cord lesion and pointing to mechanical injury of a radicular artery. The outcomes were favorable, with only 13 patients showing significant gait impairment on leaving the hospital. CONCLUSIONS There are 2 main types of spinal cord ischemia: (1) radicular artery territory infarct (bilateral anterior or posterior spinal artery infarcts and unilateral infarcts) and (2) extensive spinal cord hypoperfusion (central and transverse infarcts). Each type has characteristic clinical, imaging, pathogenetic, and prognostic features.