Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Strategy Choice and Cognitive Ability in Field Experiments

We explore the value of the strategy method to field experimentalists. Specifically, we demonstrate that, while the method may lead to reductions in subject understanding, it also generates valuable insights. We played the Third Party Punishment Game and the Generalized Trust Game with Ethiopian medical and nursing students applying the strategy method to the responding role in each case. Then, making use of two proxy measures for the students` cognitive abilities, we investigate the relationship between strategy-type choices and subject understanding. Thus, we find support for the assertion that apparently random and internally inconsistent strategies are symptomatic of problems of cognition. We also find support for the often, implicitly made assumption that, in BDM-type trust games, the ratio of what is returned to what is sent is an appropriate focus for comparative analyses of responder behaviour. Finally, we find evidence that an observed difference in third party punishing behaviour between Swiss and Ethiopian students is due, not to misunderstanding, but to variations in what is perceived as punishable. Our results lead us to conclude that the strategy method is of considerable value in Third Party Punishment Games, but need not be routinely applied in BDM-type trust games.
Algorithm of Data Compression Based on Multiple Principal Component Analysis over the WSN

Abstract-Wireless sensor networks (WSN) usually have limited energy and transmission capacity, which can't match the transmission of a large number of data collected by sensor nodes. So, it is necessary to perform in-network data compression in the WSN. This paper proposes an algorithm of data compression based on multiple principal component analysis (multiple-PCA), iteratively using PCA method in multiple layers. Theoretically and experimentally, the proposed algorithm can efficiently remove the correlation between the raw sensor measurements and also that between the principal components (PC) of the neighboring cluster heads, and efficiently improve the data compression ratio under the premise of ensuring the data reconstruction accuracy, thus better reduce the energy consumption of sensor nodes.
Serum CK as a guide to the diagnosis of muscle disease

The serum creatine kinase (CK) concentration is often—but not always—elevated in muscle disease. The degree of elevation, together with clinical, electrophysiological, radiological and histological characteristics, can help to characterise individual myopathies.1 ,2 Previous reports have described the most common causes of an elevated serum CK (and the expected range of CK values) in text or tabular form, but not …
Long-acting injectable antipsychotics update: lengthening the dosing interval and expanding the diagnostic indications

ABSTRACT Introduction: Long-acting injectable (LAI) antipsychotics are a useful but underutilized option in the management of schizophrenia. Areas covered: This is a narrative review of newer LAI antipsychotics approved by the US Food and Drug Administration and is an update to a previously published review from 2013. Emphasized are new indications and new dosing intervals. Expert commentary: Ensuring that persons receiving oral antipsychotics are aware that LAI antipsychotics are available is important. The use of LAI antipsychotics can decrease the risk of relapse in both first-episode and chronic schizophrenia. Available treatments differ in terms of specific indications, approved injection sites, needle gauge, injection volume, injection interval, requirements for oral supplementation, availability of pre-filled syringes, storage needs, and post-injection observation period, as well as potential drug-drug interactions and commonly encountered adverse reactions. Approved indications have expanded beyond schizophrenia to also include bipolar maintenance (risperidone microspheres and aripiprazole monohydrate) and schizoaffective disorder (paliperidone palmitate monthly). Intervals between injections can be longer than one month (six-week or two-month aripiprazole lauroxil, and three-month paliperidone palmitate). After a review of the evidence-base, guidance is offered on the appropriate selection among the LAI formulations of both first and second-generation antipsychotics.
The chemokine receptor CXCR3 mediates rapid and shear‐resistant adhesion‐induction of effector T lymphocytes by the chemokines IP10 and Mig

Integrin‐mediated adhesion to the vascular endothelium is an essential step in leukocyte diapedesis. We show that the chemokines 10‐kDa inflammatory protein (IP10) and monokine induced by IFN (Mig) induce rapid and transient adhesion of human IL‐2‐stimulated T lymphocytes (IL‐2 T cells) to immobilized integrin ligands through their receptor CXCR3, which is selectively expressed on activated T cells. Induction of adhesion by IP10 and Mig was already observed at subnanomolar concentrations and was maximal at 5 – 10 nM, resulting in three‐ to sixfold increase in adhesion of IL‐2 T cells over background. No effect was seen with resting naive/memory T cells which lack CXCR3 and migration responses to IP10 and Mig. Both chemokines are produced in human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVEC) upon stimulation with IFN‐γ and TNF‐α. These chemokines induce IL‐2 T cell adhesion also when captured on the surface of endothelial cells. Under conditions of flow, IL‐2 T cells roll and rapidly adhere to IP10/Mig‐expressing HUVEC, and anti‐CXCR3 mAb treatment reduces arrest and firm adhesion. This is the first study that shows chemokine‐induced adhesion in activated memory/effector T cells which represent the fraction of T cells that are selectively mobilized in inflammation. The critical role of IFN‐γ as inducer of IP10/Mig production in HUVEC indicates that these chemokines are essential mediators of effector T cell recruitment to IFN‐γ‐dependent pathologies.
Exercise therapy for people with rheumatoid arthritis and osteoarthritis

Exercise therapy would appear to be effective at increasing aerobic capacity and muscle strength in patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA), and no detrimental effects on disease activity or pain compared with controls has been observed. Exercise therapy – at least in the short‐term, improves pain, muscular strength and function in elderly people with mild osteoarthritis (OA) of the hip or knee. For the treatment of both OA and RA the knowledge of the optimal type, frequency, duration and intensity of exercise is still limited, but the exercise should not include high‐impact loads or high injury risk. Long‐term compliance is important in achieving long‐term benefits. Supervised classes appears to be as effective as treatments provided on a one‐to‐one basis, group‐based exercise programme thus providing a cost‐effective alternative. Adherence to home programmes seems to be lower. Future research should focus on finding optimal type and dose of exercise, ways of optimally maintaining the beneficial effects of exercise therapy over time as well as on the effects of exercise on the long‐term progression of the disease and cost‐effectiveness of the therapy.
Graph Fourier Transform for directed graphs based on Lovász extension of min-cut

A key tool to analyze signals defined over a graph is the so called Graph Fourier Transform (GFT). Alternative definitions of GFT have been proposed, based on the eigen-decomposition of either the graph Laplacian or adjacency matrix. In this paper, we introduce an alternative approach, valid for the general case of directed graphs, that builds the graph Fourier basis as the set of orthonormal vectors that minimize a well-defined continuous extension of the graph cut size, known as Lovász extension. To cope with the non-convexity of the problem, we exploit a recently developed method devised for handling orthogonality constraints, with provable convergence properties.
The structure of happiness: A vector autoregressive approach

Subjective well-being is a complex phenomenon coevolving with events in important domains of life. Panel vector autoregressions are a suitable tool to analyze the underlying structure of changes in happiness and its coevolution with changes in income, health, worries, marital status and employment status. With this technique we can simultaneously analyze the impact of the aforementioned factors on each other for the German Socio-Economic Panel (SOEP) data set. We nd that positive changes in the named life domains are followed by decreases in subjective well-being (except for health, which is followed by well-being increases). Moreover, positive changes in well-being are followed by positive changes in most life domains. These ndings are robust to dierent model specications and comparable to similar ndings for the British populace. We also examine how the structure of happiness diers with respect to dierent \Big Five" personality traits. Personality plays an important
Secure monitoring scheme for wireless sensor networks based on identity signcryption

Based on Cheng-Liu-Wang identity-based signature scheme and Baek-Zheng pairing-based verifiable secret sharing scheme, a new secure monitoring scheme using identity-based threshold signcryption scheme for wireless sensor networks is proposed. The goal of this scheme is to provide a confidential and authenticated transmission channel for monitoring messages sent by nodes to BS over an insecure wireless sensor network. In this scheme, to resist node-capture attacks, instead of a whole private key, every node only has a sharing of a local private key. To promoting alarm's trust level, several nodes execute signcryption in cooperation. In additions, this scheme deduces individual node's computation cost and communication cost, so can meet the special characters of the wireless sensor networks.
Teacher beliefs and practices relating to development in preschool: importance placed on social–emotional behaviours and skills

Preschool teachers' beliefs relating to the importance of social–emotional competence and teacher practices that support children's competence were investigated through surveys and focus groups. Survey results indicated that Head Start and public school pre-K teachers placed higher importance on social–emotional behaviours and skills than on early math and language and literacy behaviours and skills and reported a variety of practices to promote prosocial skills, pretend play, and friendships. Practices that support prosocial skills ranged from setting the tone of the social environment to responding to situations that arose. Similarly, practices that support pretend play focused on setting up pretend play scenarios and helping children play in those scenarios. Finally, practices to support friendships involved practices that may set the stage for friendship development, facilitating dyadic and small group interactions, and involving parents. Results are discussed in terms of connections with previous research and developmentally appropriate practice recommendations.
Accurate platoon control of urban vehicles, based solely on monocular vision

Automated electric vehicles for public use constitute a promising very efficient and environment-friendly “urban transportation system”. An additional functionality that could enhance this transportation service is vehicle platooning. In order to avoid inter-distance oscillations within the platoon, a global control strategy, supported by inter-vehicle communications, is investigated. Vehicle localization in an absolute frame is needed and is derived here from monocular vision. The vision data is however expressed in a virtual world, slightly distorted with respect to the actual metric one. It is shown that such a distortion can accurately be corrected by designing a nonlinear observer that relies on odometric data. A global decentralized control strategy, relying on nonlinear control techniques, can then be designed to achieve accurate vehicle platooning. Simulations and full-scale experiments demonstrate the performance of the proposed approach.
Closed patterns meet n-ary relations

Set pattern discovery from binary relations has been extensively studied during the last decade. In particular, many complete and efficient algorithms for frequent closed set mining are now available. Generalizing such a task to n-ary relations (n ≥ 2) appears as a timely challenge. It may be important for many applications, for example, when adding the time dimension to the popular objects × features binary case. The generality of the task (no assumption being made on the relation arity or on the size of its attribute domains) makes it computationally challenging. We introduce an algorithm called Data-Peeler. From an n-ary relation, it extracts all closed n-sets satisfying given piecewise (anti) monotonic constraints. This new class of constraints generalizes both monotonic and antimonotonic constraints. Considering the special case of ternary relations, Data-Peeler outperforms the state-of-the-art algorithms CubeMiner and Trias by orders of magnitude. These good performances must be granted to a new clever enumeration strategy allowing to efficiently enforce the closeness property. The relevance of the extracted closed n-sets is assessed on real-life 3-and 4-ary relations. Beyond natural 3-or 4-ary relations, expanding a relation with an additional attribute can help in enforcing rather abstract constraints such as the robustness with respect to binarization. Furthermore, a collection of closed n-sets is shown to be an excellent starting point to compute a tiling of the dataset.
When double rounding is odd

Many general purpose processors (including Intel's) may not always produce the correctly rounded result of a floating-point operation due to double rounding. Instead of rounding the value to the working precision, the value is first rounded in an intermediate extended precision and then rounded in the working precision; this often means a loss of accuracy. We suggest the use of rounding to odd as the first rounding in order to regain this accuracy: we prove that the double rounding then gives the correct rounding to the nearest value. To increase the trust on this result, as this rounding is unusual and this property is surprising, we formally proved this property using the Coq automatic proof checker.
Toxicity of the Organophosphate Chemical Warfare Agents GA, GB, and VX: Implications for Public Protection.

The nerve agents, GA, GB, and VX are organophosphorus esters that form a major portion of the total agent volume contained in the U.S. stockpile of unitary chemical munitions. Congress has mandated the destruction of these agents, which is currently slated for completion in 2004. The acute, chronic, and delayed toxicity of these agents is reviewed in this analysis. The largely negative results from studies of genotoxicity, carcinogenicity, developmental, and reproductive toxicity are also presented. Nerve agents show few or delayed effects. At supralethal doses, GB can cause delayed neuropathy in antidote-protected chickens, but there is no evidence that it causes this syndrome in humans at any dose. Agent VX shows no potential for inducing delayed neuropathy in any species. In view of their lack of genotoxcity, the nerve agents are not likely to be carcinogens. The overreaching concern with regard to nerve agent exposure is the extraordinarily high acute toxicity of these substances. Furthermore, acute effects of moderate exposure such as nausea, diarrhea, inability to perform simple mental tasks, and respiratory effects may render the public unable to respond adequately to emergency instructions in the unlikely event of agent releaase, making early warning and exposure avoidance important. Likewise, exposure or self-contamination of first responders and medical personnel must be avoided. Control limits for exposure via surface contact of drinking water are needed, as are detection methods for low levels in water or foodstuffs. ImagesFigure 2.
AMPA Antagonist ZK 200775 in Patients With Acute Ischemic Stroke Possible Glial Cell Toxicity Detected by Monitoring of S-100 B Serum Levels

Background and Purpose—S-100B and neuron-specific enolase (NSE) serum concentrations can be used as peripheral markers of glial cell and neuronal damage, respectively. We investigated these markers in a clinical trial with the -amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazole propionate (AMPA) antagonist ZK200775 in acute ischemic stroke patients. Methods—In a multicenter, double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled phase 2 trial, 61 ischemic stroke patients were treated with either placebo or active drug in a dose-finding design. Twenty-five patients received placebo, 12 patients received a total dose of 262.5 mg in 48 hours (dose group 1), and 13 patients received a total dose of 525 mg in 48 hours (dose group 2). Eleven patients received a total dose of 105 mg over a period of 6 hours (dose group 3; reduction of total dose and infusion time because of adverse events in group 2). Serum concentrations of S-100B and NSE were analyzed with the use of a monoclonal sandwich immunoluminometric assay. Neurological outcome was assessed with the National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS). Results—In group 2 there was a significant transient worsening in the mean NIHSS score 48 hours after the start of treatment. The mean increase was 11 points. This was due to reduction of consciousness (stupor and coma) in 8 of 13 patients. Neurological deterioration in group 2 was associated with a higher increase of S-100B concentrations, but not of NSE concentrations, than in the placebo group. The trial was stopped prematurely for safety reasons. Conclusions—The AMPA antagonist ZK200775 transiently worsened the neurological condition in patients with acute ischemic stroke. Our results suggest that in addition to neuronal dysfunction, glial cell toxicity may have occurred. It may be useful to introduce monitoring of serum markers of brain damage in phase 2 trials with glutamate receptor antagonists. (Stroke. 2002;33:2813-2818.)
Vertebral fractures and trabecular microstructure in men with prostate cancer on androgen deprivation therapy

Androgen deprivation therapy (ADT), a treatment for prostate cancer, is associated with bone loss and fractures. Dual‐energy X‐ray absorptiometry (DXA)–measured bone mineral density does not assess vertebral fractures (VF). High‐resolution micro‐magnetic resonance imaging (HR‐MRI) assesses bone microarchitecture and provides structural information. To determine if VF identification increased the diagnosis of osteoporosis beyond DXA and if HR‐MRI demonstrated skeletal deterioration in men with VF, we cross‐sectionally studied 137 men aged ≥ 60 years with nonmetastatic prostate cancer on ADT for ≥ 6 months. Vertebral fracture assessment (VFA) by DXA was confirmed with X‐rays. HR‐MRI of the wrist included bone volume to total volume (BV/TV), surface density (trabecular plates), surface/curve ratio (plates/rods), and erosion index (higher depicts deterioration). VF were found in 37% of men; the majority were unknown. Seven percent of participants were classified as osteoporotic by hip or spine DXA. Thirty‐seven percent of men without osteoporosis by DXA had VF identified, suggesting that 90% of patients with clinical osteoporosis would have been misclassified by DXA alone. By ANOVA comparison across VF grades, the BV/TV, surface density, and spine, hip, and wrist DXA were lower, and erosion index was higher in men with moderate‐severe VF compared with lesser grades (all p < 0.05). By unadjusted ROC analysis, the addition of HR‐MRI to DXA at the spine, hip, and femoral neck added substantially (AUC increased 0.831 to 0.902, p < 0.05) to prediction of moderate‐severe vertebral fracture. HR‐MRI indices were associated with spine, hip, and wrist DXA measures (p < 0.01). Longer duration of ADT was associated with lower BV/TV, surface density, and surface/curve ratio (p < 0.05). ADT for men with prostate cancer is associated with silent VF. DXA alone leads to misclassifications of osteoporosis, which can be avoided by VF assessment. HR‐MRI provides a novel technique to assess deterioration of structural integrity in men with VF and adds micro‐structural information. © 2013 American Society for Bone and Mineral Research
Teaching Climate Change

A gap of knowledge exists between the latest climate change research and the general public. The goal of this thesis is to bridge that gap by making the information more accessible and easier to understand. A proof-of-concept model is created with the goal to visualize carbon emission data, namely size relations between countries, source of emissions per country and the current state of carbon emissions compared to a stated goal (the Paris Agreement), and give the user options to reach said goal by manipulating percentages of renewable energy, electric vehicles, and industry, on a global or local scale. User studies are then performed with members of the target group (students age 13-15) to test whether these visualizations are intuitive and accurately communicates the visualized data. The studies are effective and the goal of the visualization is reached.
Graph Similarity Features for HMM-Based Handwriting Recognition in Historical Documents

Automatic transcription of historical documents is vital for the creation of digital libraries. In this paper we propose graph similarity features as a novel descriptor for handwriting recognition in historical documents based on Hidden Markov Models. Using a structural graph-based representation of text images, a sequence of graph similarity features is extracted by means of dissimilarity embedding with respect to a set of character prototypes. On the medieval Parzival data set it is demonstrated that the proposed structural descriptor significantly outperforms two well-known statistical reference descriptors for single word recognition.
Detection of top-k central nodes in social networks: A compressive sensing approach

In analysing the structural organization of a social network, identifying important nodes has been a fundamental problem. The concept of network centrality deals with the assessment of the relative importance of a particular node within the network. Most of the traditional network centrality definitions have a high computational cost and require full knowledge of network topological structure. On the one hand, in many applications we are only interested in detecting the top-k central nodes of the network with the largest values considering a specific centrality metric. On the other hand, it is not feasible to efficiently identify central nodes in a large real-world social network via calculation of centrality values for all nodes. As a result, recent years have witnessed increased attention toward the challenging problem of detecting top k central nodes in social networks with high accuracy and without full knowledge of network topology. To this end, we in this paper present a compressive sensing approach, called CS-TopCent, to efficiently identify such central nodes as a sparsity specification of social networks. Extensive simulation results demonstrate that our method would converge to an accurate solution for a wide range of social networks.