Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The Luminosity Function of Lyα Emitters at Redshift z ∼ 5.7

We report the results of a wide-field narrowband survey for redshift z ∼ 5.7 Lyα emitters carried out with the 34′ × 27′ field-of-view SuprimeCam mosaic CCD camera on the Subaru 8.3 m telescope. Deep narrowband imaging of the SSA22 field through a 120 Å bandpass filter centered at a nominal wavelength of 8150 Å was combined with deep multicolor RIz′ broadband imaging with SuprimeCam, then supplemented with BVRZ imaging taken with the 42′ × 28′ field-of-view CFH12K camera on the Canada-France-Hawaii 3.6 m telescope to select high-redshift galaxy candidates. Spectroscopic observations were made using the new wide-field multiobject DEIMOS spectrograph on the 10 m Keck II telescope for 22 of the 26 candidate objects. Eighteen of these objects were identified as z ∼ 5.7 Lyα emitters, and a further nineteenth object from the candidate list was identified based on an LRIS spectrum. At the 3.3 Å resolution of the DEIMOS observations the asymmetric profile for Lyα emission with its steep blue falloff can be clearly seen in the spectra of the identified galaxies. This is by far the largest spectroscopic sample of galaxies at these redshifts, and we use it to describe the distribution of equivalent widths and continuum color break properties for identified Lyα galaxies compared with the foreground population. The large majority (at least 75%) of the lines have rest-frame Lyα equivalent widths substantially less than 240 Å and can be understood in terms of young star-forming galaxies with a Salpeter initial mass function for the stars. With the narrowband selection criteria of I-N > 0.7 and N < 25.05 (AB magnitudes) we find a surface density of Lyα emitters of 0.03 arcmin-2 in the filter bandpass (Δz = 0.1) down to a limiting flux of just under 2 × 10-17 ergs cm-2 s-1. The luminosity function of the Lyα emitters is similar to that at lower redshifts to the lowest measurable luminosity of 1043 ergs s-1 as is the universal star formation rate based on their continuum properties. However, we note that the objects are highly structured in both their spatial and spectral properties on the angular scale of the fields (≈60 Mpc), and that multiple fields will have to be averaged to accurately measure their ensemble properties.
Fluorescence diffuse tomography technique with autofluorescence removal based on dispersion of biotissue optical properties

The dispersion of biotissue optical properties results in distortion of the spectrum of radiation during propagation through biotissues. This phenomenon can be used for solving the inverse problem in fluorescence diffuse tomography. We have developed the spectrally resolved fluorescence diffuse tomography (SFDT) technique, which allows reconstruction of the spatial distribution of the fluorophore in biotissue even in the presence of unknown autofluorescence. The experimental setup combining epi-illumination and trans-illumination imaging geometries with spectral resolution has been created. Experimental studies on tissue phantoms and small animals in vivo with the proposed SFDT technique have been conducted. The obtained results have shown high accuracy of the inverse problem solution for spatial distribution of fluorophore concentration.
Uncovering the host galaxy of the γ-ray-emitting narrow-line Seyfert 1 galaxy FBQS J1644+2619

The discovery of γ-ray emission from radio-loud narrow-line Seyfert 1 (NLSy1) galaxies has questioned the need for large black hole masses ( ≳ 108 M⊙) to launch relativistic jets. We present near-infrared data of the γ-ray-emitting NLSy1 FBQS J1644+2619 that were collected using the camera CIRCE (Canarias InfraRed Camera Experiment) at the 10.4-m Gran Telescopio Canarias to investigate the structural properties of its host galaxy and to infer the black hole mass. The 2D surface brightness profile is modelled by the combination of a nuclear and a bulge component with a Sersic profile with index n = 3.7, indicative of an elliptical galaxy. The structural parameters of the host are consistent with the correlations of effective radius and surface brightness against absolute magnitude measured for elliptical galaxies. From the bulge luminosity, we estimated a black hole mass of (2.1 ± 0.2) × 108 M⊙, consistent with the values characterizing radio-loud active galactic nuclei.
Deep Ly alpha imaging of two z=2.04 GRB host galaxy fields

We report on the results of deep narrow-band Ly-alpha, U and I imaging of the fields of two GRBs at z=2.04 (GRB 000301C and GRB 000926). We find that the host galaxy of GRB 000926 is an extended, strong Ly-alpha emitter with a rest-frame equivalent width of 71+20-15 AA. The galaxy consists of two main components and several fainter knots. GRB 000926 occurred in the western component, whereas most of the Ly-alpha luminosity (about 65%) originates in the eastern component. Using archival HST images of the host galaxy we measure the spectral slopes (f_lambda prop. to lambda^beta) of the two components to beta = -2.4+-0.3 (east) and -1.4+-0.2 (west). This implies that both components contain at most small amounts of dust, consistent with the observed strong Ly-alpha emission. The western component has a slightly redder V-I colour than the eastern component, suggesting the presence of at least some dust. We do not detect the host galaxy of GRB 000301C in neither Ly-alpha emission nor in U and I-band images. We infer a limit of U(AB)>27.7 (2-sigma limit per arcsec^2). The upper limits on the Ly-alpha flux implies a Ly-alpha equivalent width upper limit of 150AA. We find 11 and 8 other galaxies with excess emission in the narrow filter in the fields of GRB 000301C and GRB 000926 respectively. Based on these detections we conclude that GRB 000926 occurred in one of the strongest centres of star formation within several Mpc, whereas GRB 000301C occurred in an intrinsically very faint galaxy far from being the strongest centre of star formation in its galactic environment. Under the hypothesis that GRBs trace star formation, the wide range of GRB host galaxy luminosities implies a very steep faint end slope of the high redshift galaxy luminosity function.
Invariants of chaotic attractor in a nonlinearly damped system

The characterization of a chaotic attractor in a driven, Duffing-Holmes oscillator with power-law damping is considered State space reconstruction of the time series of the attractor is carried out to investigate its structure. The invariants associated with the attractor such as correlation dimension and entropy are computed. Also the maximum-likelihood (ML) estimation of dimension and entropy are carried out. The use of obtained invariants in building models for prediction and control using power-law dampers is discussed.
Throughput Optimization for NOMA Cognitive Relay Network with RF Energy Harvesting Based on Improved Bat Algorithm

Due to the shortcomings of the standard bat algorithm (BA) for multi-parameter optimization, an improved bat algorithm is proposed. The benchmark function test shows that the proposed algorithm has better realization of high-dimensional function optimization by introducing multiple flight modes, adopting adaptive strategy based on group trend, and employing loudness mutation flight selection strategy based on Brownian motion. Aiming at the characteristics of complex networks structure and multiple design variables of energy harvesting non-orthogonal multiple access cognitive relay networks (EH-NOMA-CRNs), we utilize the proposed hybrid strategy improved bat algorithm (HSIBA) to optimize the performance of EH-NOMA-CRNs. At first, we construct a novel two-hop underlay power beacon assisted EH-NOMA-CRN, and derive the closed-form expressions of secondary network’s outage probability and throughput. Then, the secondary network performance optimization is formulated as the throughput maximation problem with regard to EH ratio and power allocation factors. Subsequently, the HSIBA is employed to optimize the above parameters. Numerical results show that the proposed HSIBA can achieve optimization to the constructed EH-NOMA-CRN with faster convergence speed and higher stability.
Genetic diversity analysis and phylogeography of Osteochilus spilurus (Cyprinidae: Labeoninae) from Bangka, Belitung, and Kalimantan Islands (Indonesia) using Cytochrome b gene

Kurniawan A, Hariati AM, Kurniawan A, Kurniawan N, Nugroho TW, Bidayani E, Syarif AF, wiadnya DGR. 2022. Genetic diversity analysis and phylogeography of Osteochilus spilurus (Cyprinidae: Labeoninae) from Bangka, Belitung, and Kalimantan Islands (Indonesia) using Cytochrome b gene. Biodiversitas The fish species, Osteochilus spilurus is only utilized commercially in the Belitung Islands and has yet to be domesticated. This species can characterize freshwater fish phylogeography because have a minimum of human influence. This study aimed to analyze the genetic diversity and phylogeography of O. spilurus from the Bangka, Belitung, and Kalimantan Islands using Cytochrome b gene. Twenty fish samples were collected from the Sebangau and Kapuas Rivers in Kalimantan, the Lenggang River in Belitung Island, and the Lebak River in Bangka Island. Forward LA-cyp and reverse HA-cyp primers were used for amplification Cytochrome b gene. Mega 10.0 applications were used to construct of the phylogenetic tree. The phylogeographic analysis uses a comparative phylogenetic tree approach with geographical history. The cytochrome b gene showed variations in the nucleotides of O. spilurus from the three islands. Phylogeography of O. spilurus showed that there are two different clades with intraspecific variation according to a geographic area with bootstrap values of 99-100%. One clade contains fish samples from Bangka and Belitung islands, while the other clade comes from Kalimantan island. The formation of the Karimata Strait (between Bangka-Belitung and Kalimantan Islands) and the pattern of paleo rivers are predicted to influence the disparity.
The hunt for self-similar core collapse

Context. Core collapse is a prominent evolutionary stage of self-gravitating systems. In an idealised collisionless approximation, the region around the cluster core evolves in a self-similar way prior to the core collapse. Thus, its radial density profile outside the core can be described by a power law, ρ ∝ r−α. Aims. We aim to find the characteristics of core collapse in N-body models. In such systems, a complete collapse is prevented by transferring the binding energy of the cluster to binary stars. The contraction is, therefore, more difficult to identify. Methods. We developed a method that identifies the core collapse in N-body models of star clusters based on the assumption of their homologous evolution. Results. We analysed different models (equal- and multi-mass), most of which exhibit patterns of homologous evolution, yet with significantly different values of α : the equal-mass models have α ≈ 2.3, which agrees with theoretical expectations, the multi-mass models have α ≈ 1.5 (yet with larger uncertainty). Furthermore, most models usually show sequences of separated homologous collapses with similar properties. Finally, we investigated a correlation between the time of core collapse and the time of formation of the first hard binary star. The binding energy of such a binary usually depends on the depth of the collapse in which it forms, for example from 100 kT to 104 kT in the smallest equal-mass to the largest multi-mass model, respectively. However, not all major hardenings of binaries happened during the core collapse. In the multi-mass models, we see large transfers of binding energy of ∼104 kT to binaries that occur on the crossing timescale and outside of the periods of the homologous collapses.
Localizing gravitational wave sources with single-baseline atom interferometers

Localizing sources on the sky is crucial for realizing the full potential of gravitational waves for astronomy, astrophysics, and cosmology. We show that the mid-frequency band, roughly 0.03 to 10 Hz, has significant potential for angular localization. The angular location is measured through the changing Doppler shift as the detector orbits the Sun. This band maximizes the effect since these are the highest frequencies in which sources live several months. Atom interferometer detectors can observe in the mid-frequency band, and even with just a single baseline can exploit this effect for sensitive angular localization. The single baseline orbits around the Earth and the Sun, causing it to reorient and change position significantly during the lifetime of the source, and making it similar to having multiple baselines/detectors. For example, atomic detectors could predict the location of upcoming black hole or neutron star merger events with sufficient accuracy to allow optical and other electromagnetic telescopes to observe these events simultaneously. Thus, mid-band atomic detectors are complementary to other gravitational wave detectors and will help complete the observation of a broad range of the gravitational spectrum.
Quantum computing in a macroscopic dark period

Decoherence-free subspaces allow for the preparation of coherent and entangled qubits for quantum computing. Decoherence can be dramatically reduced, yet dissipation is an integral part of the scheme in generating stable qubits and manipulating them via one- and two-bit gate operations. How this works can be understood by comparing the system with a three-level atom exhibiting a macroscopic dark period. In addition, a dynamical explanation is given for a scheme based on atoms inside an optical cavity in the strong-coupling regime and we show how spontaneous emission by the atoms can he highly suppressed.
Holonomic equations and efficient random generation of binary trees

Holonomic equations are recursive equations which allow computing efficiently numbers of combinatoric objects. Rémy showed that the holonomic equation associated with binary trees yields an efficient linear random generator of binary trees. I extend this paradigm to Motzkin trees and Schröder trees and show that despite slight differences my algorithm that generates random Schröder trees has linear expected complexity and my algorithm that generates Motzkin trees is in O(n) expected complexity, only if we can implement a specific oracle with a O(1) complexity. For Motzkin trees, I propose a solution which works well for realistic values (up to size ten millions) and yields an efficient algorithm.
Recommended Summer Sunlight Exposure Levels Can Produce Sufficient ( X 20 ng ml (cid:2) 1 ) but Not the Proposed Optimal ( X 32 ng ml (cid:2) 1 ) 25(OH)D Levels at UK Latitudes

Recommendations on limitation of summer sunlight exposure to prevent skin cancer may conflict with requirements to protect bone health through adequate vitamin D levels, the principal source being UVB in summer sunlight. We determined whether sufficient ( X 20 ng ml (cid:2) 1 ) and proposed optimal ( X 32 ng ml (cid:2) 1 ) 25(OH)D levels are attained by following UK guidance advising casual short exposures to UVB in summer sunlight, and performed the study under known conditions to enhance the specificity of future recommendations. During wintertime, when ambient UVB is negligible, 120 white Caucasians, aged 20–60 years, from Greater Manchester, UK (53.5 1 N) received a simulated summer’s sunlight exposures, specifically 1.3 standard erythemal dose, three times weekly for 6 weeks, while wearing T-shirt and shorts. The baseline winter data predict that 5% (confidence interval (CI): 2.7–8.6) of Greater Manchester white Caucasians have deficient ( o 5 ng ml (cid:2) 1 ) 25(OH)D, 62.5% (CI: 55.2–69.4) have insufficient, and only 2.9% (CI: 1.4–5.6) have proposed optimal levels. After the simulated summer exposures, 90 (CI: 84.9–93.7) and 26.2% (CI: 20.1–33.2) reached 20 and 32 ng ml (cid:2) 1 25(OH)D, respectively. Assuming midday UVB levels, sufficient but suboptimal vitamin D status is attained after a summer’s short (13 minutes) sunlight exposures to 35% skin surface area; these findings will assist future public health guidance on vitamin D acquisition.
Evolutionary Divergence of Phosphorylation to Regulate Interactive Protein Networks in Lower and Higher Species

The phosphorylation of proteins affects their functions in extensively documented circumstances. However, the role of phosphorylation in many interactive networks of proteins remains very elusive due to the experimental limits of exploring the transient interaction in a large complex of assembled proteins induced by stimulation. Previous studies have suggested that phosphorylation is a recent evolutionary process that differently regulates ortholog proteins in numerous lineages of living organisms to create new functions. Despite the fact that numerous phospho-proteins have been compared between species, little is known about the organization of the full phospho-proteome, the role of phosphorylation to orchestrate large interactive networks of proteins, and the intertwined phospho-landscape in these networks. In this report, we aimed to investigate the acquired role of phosphate addition in the phenomenon of protein networking in different orders of living organisms. Our data highlighted the acquired status of phosphorylation in organizing large, connected assemblages in Homo sapiens. The protein networking guided by phosphorylation turned out to be prominent in humans, chaotic in yeast, and weak in flies. Furthermore, the molecular functions of GO annotation enrichment regulated by phosphorylation were found to be drastically different between flies, yeast, and humans, suggesting an evolutionary drift specific to each species.
Nanoparticle Targeting to Scalp Hair Follicles: New Perspectives for a Topical Therapy for Alopecia Areata

1970, among others. More globally, in 1974 the “Sun Protection Factor” rating for sunscreens was introduced, leading to more effective sunscreens and consequent lower rates of UV exposure. The early 1970s even saw widespread acceptance of yogurt consumption (Fabricant, 1976), potentially altering the gut microbiome. Careful analysis of longterm trends in USA NHES, NHANES, and other serial biological data, as well as parallel data from non-Caucasian vitiligo cases from other continents, might provide important clues to environmental changes that underlie delayed autoimmune triggering and the shift of vitiligo onset toward later ages.
Data Mining of Chinese Social Networks: Factors That Indicate Post Deletion

Widespread Chinese social media applications such as Sina Weibo (Chinese Twitter), the most popular social network in China, are widely known for monitoring and deleting posts to conform to Chinese government requirements. Censorship of Chinese social media is a complex process that involves many factors. There are multiple stakeholders and many different interests: economic, political, legal, personal, etc., which means that there is not a single strategy dictated by a single government authority. Moreover, sometimes Chinese social media do not follow the directives of government, out of concern that they are more strictly censoring than their competitors.
Groundbased Imaging Spectroscopy of Mars in the Near-Infrared: Preliminary Results

Abstract Groundbased near-infrared (1.30-4.05 μm) imaging spectroscopic measurements of Mars were obtained during the 1990 opposition to define the spectroscopic variability of the Martian surface and atmosphere. Surface albedo features at wavelengths less than 3.5 μm are almost identical in form and contrast to the classical albedo markings observed in the visible, with typical bright/dark contrasts of 2.0 to 3.0. Poleward of 45°N and 70°S, the reflectance at wavelengths between 2.9 and 3.3 pm was 60-90% lower than at mid- and equatorial latitudes, indicating the presence of atmospheric or surface water ice. Maps of absorption band depths in the 1.9-2.4-μm region show significant spectral variability from region to region on Mars. Comparisons with Viking measurements and radiative transfer model results reveal that most of this variability is correlated with topography, albedo, and emission angle differences but some of it appears to be related to surface mineralogic or airborne dust variations.
Conical bores. Part II: Multiconvolution

The input impulse response, or related functions such as the plane‐wave or spherical‐wave reflection functions, of a conical bore with discontinuities can be calculated from the reflection functions associated with discontinuities by means of a multiconvolution process. This approach, as alternative to the Fourier transform of the acoustical impedance Z(f), is attractive because of the detailed description it gives of the pressure time evolution inside the bore. However, the calculation may become rather involved if each reflected and transmitted wave is followed individually, and numerical instability may arise whenever the implied reflection functions contain growing exponentials. The first difficulty has been overcome by summing up all outward traveling waves and all inward traveling waves to give a unique outward wave and a unique inward wave. Numerical instability has been avoided by using an iterative convolution algorithm. Internal damping due to viscous and thermal losses has been located at disco.
A transport-backtransport method for optical tomography

Optical tomography is modelled by the inverse problem of the time-dependent linear transport equation in n spatial dimensions (n = 2,3). Based on the measurements which consist of some functionals of the outgoing density at the boundary for different sources , , two coefficients of the equation, the absorption coefficient and the scattering coefficient b(x), are reconstructed simultaneously inside . Starting out from some initial guess for these coefficients, the transport-backtransport (TBT) algorithm calculates the difference between the computed and the physically given measurements for a fixed source by solving a `direct' transport problem, and then transports these residuals back into the medium by solving a corresponding adjoint transport problem. The correction to the guess is calculated from the densities of the direct and the adjoint problem inside the medium. Doing this for all source positions , , one after the other yields one sweep of the algorithm. Numerical experiments are presented for the case when n = 2. They show that the TBT-method is able to reconstruct and to distinguish between scattering and absorbing objects in the case of large mean free path (which corresponds to x-ray tomography with scattering). In the case of very small mean free path (which corresponds to optical tomography), scattering and absorbing objects are located during the early sweeps, but phantoms are built up in the reconstructed scattering coefficient at positions where an absorber is situated and vice versa.
Hα Equivalent Width Variations across the Face of a Microlensed K Giant in the Galactic Bulge

We present Very Large Telescope FORS1 spectroscopy that temporally resolves the second caustic crossing of the Galactic bulge K giant source of microlensing event EROS 2000-BLG-5, the first time this has been accomplished for several phases of a caustic transit. The ~1 Å Hα equivalent width of the source star increases slightly as the center of the star egresses the caustic and then plummets by 30% during the final limb crossing. These changes are not seen in contemporaneous spectra of control stars in the FORS1 slit but are qualitatively consistent with expectations from stellar atmosphere models as the caustic differentially magnifies different portions of the stellar face of the target. Observations such as these in a variety of stellar lines are equivalent to atmospheric tomography and are expected to provide a direct test of stellar models.