Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
A method for outer interval solution of parametrized systems of linear equations

Abstract. Consider the systems of linear interval equations whose coe–cients are a–ne-linear functions ofinterval parameters. Such systems, called parametrized systems of linear interval equations, are encounteredin many practical problems, e.g in structure mechanics. A direct method for computing a tight enclosurefor the solution set is proposed in this paper. It is proved that for systems with real matrix and intervalright-hand vector the method generates the hull of the solution set. For such systems an explicit formula forthe hull is also given. Finally some numerical examples are provided to demonstrate the usefulness of themethod in structure mechanics.Keywords: parametrization, intervals, linear equations, truss structures 1. IntroductionA system of linear interval equations[ A ] x = [ b ] (1)with coe–cient matrix [ A ] 2 IR n£n and right-hand vector [ b ] 2 IR n is deﬂned as a familyof linear equations Ax = b; ( A 2 [ A ] ; b 2 [ b ]) : (2)The solution set of (1) is given by X‡
Lz‐transform approach to evaluate reliability indices of multi‐state repairable weighted K‐out‐of‐n systems

A multi‐state weighted K‐out‐of‐n system is of great importance in system engineering due to its generalized nature. In earlier studies, usually all the components of the multi‐state weighted K‐out‐of‐n system were considered to be in a steady state though we can encounter engineering systems where the components of this type of system can be dynamic in nature, that is, the states of components change over time. To deal with this situation, in the current study an algorithm, based on Lz${L}_z$ ‐transform is presented to determine the reliability indices of multi‐state weighted K‐out‐of‐n system in dynamic setup. The components of the system are assumed to follow Markov process and are repaired only when they are completely failed. In this proposed study reliability, availability, instantaneous mean expected performance, and performance deficiency are obtained for the considered system. Finally, a case study of the power system of warship is considered to apply and validate the proposed approach.
Carbon constrained economic dispatch of a microgrid system based on different grid pricing strategies considering uncertainty

Microgrids can be considered a reduced power system network wherein the generation, transmission, and distribution of power occurs within a limited geographical area. They are employed to use the maximum penetration of renewable energy sources (RES). Microgrid also has advantages like reduction of transmission losses and costs pertaining to such losses. The objectives of economic dispatch, emission dispatch, penalty‐factor (PPF) based combined economic emission dispatch (CEED) and environmental constrained economic dispatch (ECED) are evaluated in this paper. A low‐voltage microgrid system for three different scenarios is studied. A novel, robust and powerful hybrid swarm‐intelligence optimization algorithm is used, which is based on amalgamating the features of conventional gray‐wolf optimizer, sine‐cosine and crow search algorithm. Due to the use of RES, the active power production cost and carbon emission of the microgrid system were reduced to approximately 3% for all the objectives. More than 15% reductions in generation costs were obtained throughout the study when the time‐of‐usage electricity market pricing strategy was used instead of the fixed pricing strategy. Also, results show that the ECED methods of economic emission dispatch provided better‐compromised solutions than the PPF‐based CEED method. Finally, non‐parametric statistical analysis is used to analyze and validate the quality of the projected novel technique, which is measured against the outcomes found with algorithms used in the state‐of‐art literature.
Correlation Between Reverse Leakage Current and Electric Field Spreading in GaN Vertical SBD With High-Energy Ion Implanted Guard Rings

This work focuses on the bias-dependent reverse leakage current and carrier depletion process of vertical gallium nitride (GaN)-on-GaN Schottky barrier diodes (SBDs) with fluorine ion-implanted guard rings (GRs). The reverse leakage characteristics in the vertical GaN SBD with GRs sequentially go through ohmic conduction, thermionic field emission (TFE), and space charge limited conduction (SCLC) model as the reverse bias increases gradually. Once the traps in the implanted termination region are fully ionized, the device will undergo large leakage current at high biases. Compared with infinite area ion implanted edge termination (ET), ion-implanted GR can effectively reduce the leakage current at low biases. In addition, there are kinks in the reverse current–voltage curves, which proved to be related to the electric field spreading effect of individual GR. Based on the analysis of reverse leakage current, the electric field modulation mechanism of ion-implanted GRs is reviewed.
Long Non-Coding RNA MEG3 in Metal Carcinogenesis

Most transcripts from human genomes are non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) that are not translated into proteins. ncRNAs are divided into long (lncRNAs) and small non-coding RNAs (sncRNAs). LncRNAs regulate their target genes both transcriptionally and post-transcriptionally through interactions with proteins, RNAs, and DNAs. Maternally expressed gene 3 (MEG3), a lncRNA, functions as a tumor suppressor. MEG3 regulates cell proliferation, cell cycle, apoptosis, hypoxia, autophagy, and many other processes involved in tumor development. MEG3 is downregulated in various cancer cell lines and primary human cancers. Heavy metals, such as hexavalent chromium (Cr(VI)), arsenic, nickel, and cadmium, are confirmed human carcinogens. The exposure of cells to these metals causes a variety of cancers. Among them, lung cancer is the one that can be induced by exposure to all of these metals. In vitro studies have demonstrated that the chronic exposure of normal human bronchial epithelial cells (BEAS-2B) to these metals can cause malignant cell transformation. Metal-transformed cells have the capability to cause an increase in cell proliferation, resistance to apoptosis, elevated migration and invasion, and properties of cancer stem-like cells. Studies have revealed that MEG is downregulated in Cr(VI)-transformed cells, nickel-transformed cells, and cadmium (Cd)-transformed cells. The forced expression of MEG3 reduces the migration and invasion of Cr(VI)-transformed cells through the downregulation of the neuronal precursor of developmentally downregulated protein 9 (NEDD9). MEG3 suppresses the malignant cell transformation of nickel-transformed cells. The overexpression of MEG3 decreases Bcl-xL, causing reduced apoptosis resistance in Cd-transformed cells. This paper reviews the current knowledge of lncRNA MEG3 in metal carcinogenesis.
Islamic financial literacy, spiritual intelligence, public perception and behaviour on public interest in Islamic banking services

Abstract This study aimed to determine the effect of Islamic financial literacy, spiritual intelligence, public perception, and behaviour on public interest in Islamic banking services. This research is classified as quantitative research. Islamic financial literacy, spiritual intelligence, and public perception are independent variables. Public behaviour as a mediating variable. The population in this study is the entire community in Padang city who are already customers of Islamic banks. The sample is determined by the Hair method, five times the number of indicators, where the number of indicators is 46 items. The number of respondents in this study was 230 people. Data analysis using structural equation model by using Smart-PLS. The results show Islamic financial literacy and public perception have no significant effect on public interest in Islamic banking services. However, spiritual intelligence has a positive and significant effect on public interest in Islamic banking services. Public behaviour fully mediates the relationship between public perception and public interest in Islamic banking services. Islamic banking is expected to be able to educate prospective customers through increasing spiritual intelligence. Public behaviour can be improved with the religiosity community, thereby increasing interest in saving in Islamic banks.
Scanning Electrochemical Microscope Studies of Charge Transfer Kinetics at the Interface of the Perovskite/Hole Transport Layer

Interfacial carrier transfer kinetics is critical to the efficiency and stability of perovskite solar cells. Herein, we measure the regeneration rate constant, absorption cross-section, reduction rate constant, and conductivity of hole transport layered perovskites using scanning electrochemical microscopy (SECM). The SECM feedback revealed that the regeneration rate constant, absorption cross-section, and reduction rate constant of the nickel oxide (NiO) layer perovskite layer are higher than those of the poly (3,4-ethyenedioxythiophene)-poly (styrenesulfonate) layered perovskite. Also, at a specific flux density ( J h v ), the value of the regeneration rate constant (keff) in both blue and red illuminations for the NiO/CH3NH3PbI3 film is significantly higher than in both PEDOT: PSS/CH3NH3PbI3 and FTO/CH3NH3PbI3 films. The difference in keff between layered and nonlayered perovskite conforms to the impact of the hole conducting layer on the charge transfer kinetics. According to the findings, SECM is a powerful approach for screening an appropriate hole transport layer for stable perovskite solar cells.
Artificial Intelligence in Periodontology: A Scoping Review

Artificial intelligence (AI) is the development of computer systems whereby machines can mimic human actions. This is increasingly used as an assistive tool to help clinicians diagnose and treat diseases. Periodontitis is one of the most common diseases worldwide, causing the destruction and loss of the supporting tissues of the teeth. This study aims to assess current literature describing the effect AI has on the diagnosis and epidemiology of this disease. Extensive searches were performed in April 2022, including studies where AI was employed as the independent variable in the assessment, diagnosis, or treatment of patients with periodontitis. A total of 401 articles were identified for abstract screening after duplicates were removed. In total, 293 texts were excluded, leaving 108 for full-text assessment with 50 included for final synthesis. A broad selection of articles was included, with the majority using visual imaging as the input data field, where the mean number of utilised images was 1666 (median 499). There has been a marked increase in the number of studies published in this field over the last decade. However, reporting outcomes remains heterogeneous because of the variety of statistical tests available for analysis. Efforts should be made to standardise methodologies and reporting in order to ensure that meaningful comparisons can be drawn.
The measurements technique of balance in opera houses: A study of the sources involved

The study of the acoustical balance between the singer and the orchestra by means of room acoustical measurements has shown that the directional characteristics of the source on the stage are important. This investigation compares the performance of two directional and one omnidirectional loudspeakers in emulating a soprano voice. Directivity measurements of a soprano singer were carried out in an anechoic chamber and used as a basis for comparison in room acoustic simulations of the Royal Theatre of Copenhagen, the Ankara Congress and Cultural Center, and the Alberta Jubilee Auditorium. In particular, the balance measurement was simulated and the performance of the different sources with respect to the soprano was assessed.
Pain-Related Gene Solute Carrier Family 24 Member 3 Is a Prognostic Biomarker and Correlated with Immune Infiltrates in Cervical Squamous Cell Carcinoma and Endocervical Adenocarcinoma: A Study via Integrated Bioinformatics Analyses and Experimental Verification

The aim of this study was to explore cervical carcinoma and screen a suitable gene as the biomarker used for prognosis evaluation as well as pain therapy. Low expression levels of solute carrier family 24 member 3 (SLC24A3) was involved in the appearance and development of numerous malignancies. Nevertheless, the prognostic value of SLC24A3 expression with cervical squamous cell carcinoma and endocervical adenocarcinoma (CESC) patients remains uncertain. During the present study, SLC24A3 expression in CESC was retrieved from TCGA, GEO, and MSigDB databases. Based on TCGA and GEO profiles, we performed survival and difference analyses about SLC24A3 both in two GEO (GSE44001 and GSE63514) and TCGA-CESC cohorts (all p < 0.05), indicating that SLC24A3 was low expressed in tumors and associated with higher overall survival in CESC patients. Additionally, we programmed a series of analyses, including genomic profiling, enrichment analysis, immune infiltration analysis, and therapy-related analysis to identify the mechanism of the SLC24A3 in the process of cancer in CESC. Meanwhile, qRT-PCR was used to validate that the expression of SLC24A3 mRNA in Hela and SiHa cell lines was significantly lower than in PANC-1 and HUCEC cell lines. Our finding elucidated that the SLC24A3, a sodium-calcium regulator of cells, is an indispensable factor which can significantly influence the prognosis of patients with CESC and could provide novel clinical evidence to serve as a potential biological indicator for future diagnosis and pain therapy.
Green initiatives towards environmental sustainability: Insights from libraries in Kenya

Environmental protection is an increasingly pressing issue all over the world. Ozone depletion, the greenhouse effect, global climate change and global warming are among the rising environmental concerns. The increasing number of environmentally conscious consumers has resulted in numerous Go Green campaigns and a Go Green movement, along with solutions and calls for consumers, corporations and governments to be more proactive in going green in every aspect. Libraries are no exception. Although it is so important, little is known about the green-library concept in the African context and among Kenyan libraries. Like some other developing countries, Kenya has responded to climate change in various ways because of its adverse impacts. It is important to explore how libraries are planning for a sustainable future. Subsequently, this study aimed to explore the adoption of green-library concepts in Kenya for environmental sustainability with a view to proposing strategies that can be used to guide libraries in going green. The study adopted a qualitative approach. A sample of 12 libraries was purposively drawn from a population of 227 academic, public and special libraries in Kenya. Data was collected using semi-structured interview schedules complemented by observation and a document review, and analysed using grounded theory. The findings show that libraries in Kenya, under their umbrella organizations, have taken advantage of their knowledge of green concepts through adopting and implementing green practices and coming up with strategies to enhance green libraries and promote environmental sustainability. They have done this mainly through redesigning and renovating to meet ever-changing user demands in line with green-library standards. The study concludes that librarians in Kenyan libraries understand green-building concepts and have adopted different green initiatives, albeit partially to reposition and maintain their position globally. The study proposes three strategies for fully going green: active user involvement in green initiatives; improving performance and growth measuring metrics; and maintaining green-library standards in accordance with the IFLA’s Environment, Sustainability and Libraries Section (ENSULIB) green-library checklist.
Application of the multilevel compressed block decomposition to electromagnetic problems analysis based on FETD method

In this article, the multilevel compressed block decomposition algorithm (MLCBD) is introduced to provide a data‐sparse way to approximate the inverse of the sparse coefficient matrix produced by the finite‐element time‐domain (FETD) method which is dense originally. Once the approximate inverse is obtained, the FETD method can be computed explicitly at each time step. The accuracy of this approximation is controllable related to the different choices of the MLCBD parameters. A modification algorithm is proposed to efficiently improve the accuracy of the approximate solution computed by the MLCBD‐based direct method. Numerical experiments are performed to demonstrate the accuracy and efficiency of the proposed method. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 56:654–660, 2014
Concurrent Current and Voltage Regulated Buck–Boost Converter for Automotive LED Matrix Headlights

Automotive light-emitting diode (LED) matrix headlights require both high-power efficiency and stable control of individual LEDs. The proposed power converter uses a buck–boost converter and a concurrent current and voltage regulation circuit to increase the overall efficiency. Additionally, the proposed system requires only one small inductor instead of two large inductors in other designs. The reference voltage for the buck–boost converter was generated according to the number of turned-on LEDs. Subsequently, for the optimum current regulation of the LED matrix headlight, the output voltage of the buck–boost converter follows the reference voltage. The main control circuit was fabricated on a chip using a 0.18-$\mu$m BCD process for functional testing. The proposed system has an operating input voltage range of 7–60 V and an output voltage range of 1.05–60 V, depending on the number of LEDs. The proposed power system successfully demonstrated the individual control of LEDs for matrix headlights. Moreover, a dimming test was conducted to confirm that the brightness of the LEDs could be individually controlled.
A Tale of Two Seasons: Distinct Seasonal Viral Communities in a Thermokarst Lake

Thermokarst lakes are important features of subarctic landscapes and are a substantial source of greenhouse gases, although the extent of gas produced varies seasonally. Microbial communities are responsible for the production of methane and CO2 but the “top down” forces that influence microbial dynamics (i.e., grazers and viruses) and how they vary temporally within these lakes are still poorly understood. The aim of this study was to examine viral diversity over time to elucidate the seasonal structure of the viral communities in thermokarst lakes. We produced virus-enriched metagenomes from a subarctic peatland thermokarst lake in the summer and winter over three years. The vast majority of vOTUs assigned to viral families belonged to Caudovirales (Caudoviricetes), notably the morphological groups myovirus, siphovirus and podovirus. We identified two distinct communities: a dynamic, seasonal community in the oxygenated surface layer during the summer and a stable community found in the anoxic water layer at the bottom of the lake in summer and throughout much of the water column in winter. Comparison with other permafrost and northern lake metagenomes highlighted the distinct composition of viral communities in this permafrost thaw lake ecosystem.
Improving Pregnant Women’s Iodine Intake Estimates and Its Prevalence of Inadequacy through the Use of Salt and Seasoning Covariates

(1) Measuring usual iodine intake is a complex task due to the food consumption variability and its natural concentration in food. Therefore, the use of covariates to adjust statistical methods to estimate usual intake could improve the estimates obtained through dietary surveys. This study aims to evaluate the influence of salt and seasoning usage covariates on the estimates of usual iodine intake and the prevalence of its inadequacy. (2) A cross-sectional study was conducted with Brazilian pregnant women’s food consumption data obtained with 24-h recall (n = 2247). The usual iodine intake was adjusted for intraindividual variability, supplement use, temporal effects, data collection methods, and sociodemographic characteristics with the tool UCD/NCI SIMPLE in the SAS software. Then, salt and seasoning usage covariates were used to adjust the distribution. The harmonized intake reference values for populations were used to assess intake adequacy. (3) The adjustments for salt and seasoning usage yielded a higher mean of usual iodine intakes. The only exception was the adjustment for the “habit of adding salt to meals after preparing/cooking”, which produced a lower mean of usual intake and increased the prevalence of insufficient intake. (4) Salt and seasoning usage covariates affect the estimates evaluated. However, more studies are necessary to evaluate the influence observed.
Generalized Solutions to a Non Lipschitz-Cauchy Problem

Abstract In this article we investigate solutions to a semilinear partial differential equation with non Lipschitz nonlinearity by using recent theories of generalized functions. To give a meaning to a non Lipschitz characteristic Cauchy problem with irregular data, we replace it by a three parameter family of problems. The first parameter turns the problem into a family of Lipschitz problems, the second one converts the given problem to a non-characteristic one, whereas the third one regularizes the data. Finally, the family of problems is solved in an appropriate three parametric (C, ɛ, P) algebra.
Inapproximability of Flip-Cut, Shift-Cut and Other Problems from Optical Mapping

Optical Mapping is an emerging technology for constructing ordered restriction maps of DNA molecules. The study of the complexity of the problems arising in Optical Mapping has generated considerable interest amongst computer science researchers. In this paper we examine the complexity of these problems. Optical Mapping leads to various computational problems such as the Binary Flip Cut (BFC) problem, the Weighted Flip Cut (WFC) problem the Exclusive Binary Flip Cut (EBFC) problem \cite{parida1, parida2}, the Binary Shift Cut (BSC) problem, the Binary Partition Cut (BPC) problem and others. The complexity and the hardness of the BFC problem, the WFC problem were not known. Using the technique of {\em gap-preserving} reduction of the max-cut problem, we show that BFC and WFC problems are MAX SNP-hard and achieving an approximation ratio $1-\Upsilon/7$ for these problems is NP-hard, where $\Upsilon$ denotes the upper bound on the polynomial time approximation factor of the well-known max cut problem. A slight variation of BFC, BFC$_{\max K}$, had been shown to be NP-hard; we improve the result to show that BFC$_{\max K}$ is MAX SNP-hard and achieving an approximation ratio $(1-\Upsilon/7)\frac{p_{max}}{p_{min}}$ for BFC$_{\max K}$ is NP-hard, where $p_{\min}$ and $p_{\max}$ are the minimum and maximum of the digestion rates in the given problem. The EBFC problem was shown to be NP-Complete; we improve this result to show that EBFC is MAX SNP-hard and achieving an approximation ratio $1-\Upsilon/7$ for EBFC is NP-hard. However, a dense instance of the EBFC problem does have a PTAS. The Binary Partition Cut (modeling spurious molecules) problem has been shown to be NP-Complete: we show, in this paper, that a (reasonable) unrestrained version of it has an efficient polynomial time algorithm. A variation of the Binary Shift Cut (modeling missing fragments) BSC$_{\max K}$, had been shown to be NP-hard \cite{Tom}; we show both the versions of this problem to be MAX SNP-hard and achieving an approximation ratio $1-\Upsilon/6$ for BSC and a ratio $(1-\Upsilon/6)\frac{p_{max}}{p_{min}}$ for BSC$_{\max K}$ is NP-hard. In addition, we show that $d$-wise Match ($d$M) problem is MAX SNP-hard and achieving an approximation ratio $1-\Upsilon$ is NP-hard.