Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Winning hearts and minds? - Emotional labour and learning for care management work

This paper is based on empirical research into the skill needs of care managers and examines the legacy of care management and the effect that 'new managerialist' approaches have had on care management work. The concept of emotional labour is used in context and applied to the work of care managers where the ultimate aim is quality outcomes for users of services. The paper argues that recognising the validity of the concept of emotional labour in context relates to the need for a greater acknowledgement of the skills required by care managers. 'Soft skills' that involve improving own learning and performance through reflection, problem solving and working with others are the key skills required for complex care management work. A rationale is made for reconsidering competency approaches to training in favour of continuing professional development. A preferred approach is one that emphasises both the personal and professional aspects of learning and the social world of the learner.
Effects of Perceived Organizational Factors on Role Stress-Job Attitude Relationships

The purpose of this study was to examine the impact of two per-ceived organizational indicants-psychological climate and percep-tions of the management control system-on the often-studied rela-tionships of role conflict and ambiguity with job satisfaction and intentions to change jobs. Based on a cross-sectional survey of 423 marketing professionals, it was determined that these two perceived organizationalfactors predominantly accountedfor the shared varia-bility inherent in the relationships considered and in certain instances resulted in a change in the direction of the correlation. In particular, the relationships of role conflict and ambiguity with pay and promo-tion satisfaction and with turnover intentions were the most heavily af-fected ones. The relationships of role ambiguity with overall satisfac-tion and with work itself were also affected. Falsification analyses revealed that the findings hold across various sample segments and that role perceptions and job attitudes are directly tied to perceptions about the broader organization. The implications and research direc-tions of these results for the study of role stress correlates are consid-ered.
Do semantic contextual cues facilitate transfer learning from video in toddlers?

Young children typically demonstrate a transfer deficit, learning less from video than live presentations. Semantically meaningful context has been demonstrated to enhance learning in young children. We examined the effect of a semantically meaningful context on toddlers’ imitation performance. Two- and 2.5-year-olds participated in a puzzle imitation task to examine learning from either a live or televised model. The model demonstrated how to assemble a three-piece puzzle to make a fish or a boat, with the puzzle demonstration occurring against a semantically meaningful background context (ocean) or a yellow background (no context). Participants in the video condition performed significantly worse than participants in the live condition, demonstrating the typical transfer deficit effect. While the context helped improve overall levels of imitation, especially for the boat puzzle, only individual differences in the ability to self-generate a stimulus label were associated with a reduction in the transfer deficit.
CD39 is incorporated into plasma microparticles where it maintains functional properties and impacts endothelial activation

Plasma microparticles (MPs, <1·5 μm) originate from platelet and cell membrane lipid rafts and possibly regulate inflammatory responses and thrombogenesis. These actions are mediated through their phospholipid‐rich surfaces and associated cell‐derived surface molecules. The ectonucleotidase CD39/ecto‐nucleoside triphosphate diphosphohydrolase1 (E‐NTPDase1) modulates purinergic signalling through pericellular ATP and ADP phosphohydrolysis and is localized within lipid rafts in the membranes of endothelial‐ and immune cells. This study aimed to determine whether CD39 associates with circulating MPs and might further impact phenotype and function. Plasma MPs were found to express CD39 and exhibited classic E‐NTPDase ecto‐enzymatic activity. Entpd1 (Cd39) deletion in mice produced a pro‐inflammatory phenotype associated with quantitative and qualitative differences in the MP populations, as determined by two dimensional‐gel electrophoresis, western blot and flow cytometry. Entpd1‐null MPs were also more abundant, had significantly higher proportions of platelet‐ and endothelial‐derived elements and decreased levels of interleukin‐10, tumour necrosis factor receptor 1 and matrix metalloproteinase 2. Consequently, Cd39‐null MP augment endothelial activation, as determined by inflammatory cytokine release and upregulation of adhesion molecules in vitro. In conclusion, CD39 associates with circulating MP and may directly or indirectly confer functional properties. Our data also suggest a modulatory role for CD39 within MP in the exchange of regulatory signals between leucocytes and vascular cells.
The effects of moral emotions and justifications on visitors' intention to pick flowers in a forest recreation area in Taiwan

This study examines the relationships between visitors' moral emotions and justifications and their intention to pick flowers in a forest recreation area. Moral emotions consist of guilt, embarrassment and shame. Justifications refer to the denial of responsibility, denial of injury and appeal to a descriptive norm. Self-reported data from 466 visitors to the Kenting National Forest Recreation Area in Taiwan were collected by questionnaire and analyzed using multiple regression analysis. The results indicated that both moral emotions and justifications were significantly related to flower-picking intention. The stronger the visitors' moral emotions were, the weaker was their flower-picking intention, while the more effective their justifications for flower-picking were, the stronger was their flower-picking intention. The results suggest that if park managers want to deter visitors' flower-picking intention, the managers will have to develop persuasive strategies to facilitate their moral emotions and reduce their justifications. It is noted that strategies may not be universal but should vary according to the cultural beliefs of visitor groups.
Maternal factors, obstetric history and smoking stage of change.

BACKGROUND Maternal smoking is known to be associated with low educational status, low social class and younger age groups. The aim of this study was to determine if maternal smoking and stage of change relating to smoking is associated with other maternal variables such as intention to breastfeed and attend antenatal classes, having a planned pregnancy, previous obstetric history and child health problems. METHOD A cross-sectional survey was carried out of all women who attended antenatal clinics at the Leicester Royal Infirmary NHS Trust over a two-week period. The data comprised 254 completed questionnaires. Results Intention to breastfeed was more common among non-smokers as shown by smoking status (p < 0.001) and smoking stage of change (p < 0.05). Having a planned pregnancy was more common among non-smokers as determined by smoking status (p < 0.001) and stage of change (p < 0.05). Intention to attend antenatal classes showed no significant relationship with smoking status but the majority of those planning to attend antenatal classes were in the action-maintenance stage (p< 0.05). Previous obstetric complications were not associated with either smoking status or stage of change. Smokers were more likely to have at least one child with asthma (p < 0.05) or respiratory infections (p < 0.001). Having at least one child with asthma or respiratory infections was more common among precontemplators (p < 0.05). CONCLUSION Smoking stage of change should be assessed in antenatal care so that appropriate information can be offered to pregnant smokers. The development and evaluation of stage-specific smoking cessation materials should offer considerable benefits to maternal and infant health.
Noise Reduction with Optimal Variable Span Linear Filters

In this paper, the problem of noise reduction is addressed as a linear filtering problem in a novel way by using concepts from subspace-based enhancement methods, resulting in variable span linear filters. This is done by forming the filter coefficients as linear combinations of a number of eigenvectors stemming from a joint diagonalization of the covariance matrices of the signal of interest and the noise. The resulting filters are flexible in that it is possible to trade off distortion of the desired signal for improved noise reduction. This tradeoff is controlled by the number of eigenvectors included in forming the filter. Using these concepts, a number of different filter designs are considered, like minimum distortion, Wiener, maximum SNR, and tradeoff filters. Interestingly, all these can be expressed as special cases of variable span filters. We also derive expressions for the speech distortion and noise reduction of the various filter designs. Moreover, we consider an alternative approach, wherein the filter is designed for extracting an estimate of the noise signal, which can then be extracted from the observed signals, which is referred to as the indirect approach. Simulations demonstrate the advantages and properties of the variable span filter designs, and their potential performance gain compared to widely used speech enhancement methods.
Habilidades em consciência silábica e fonêmica de crianças com fala desviante com e sem intervenção fonoaudiológica

PURPOSE: To compare the performances of children with evolutive phonological disorder (EPD) that had phonologically-focused speech therapy and children with EPD who did not undergo therapy in phonological awareness (PA) abilities. METHODS: Twenty three subjects with EPD diagnosis were evaluated. The 14 children that composed Study Group 1 (SG1) received speech therapy, while the other nine who were part of Study Group 2 (SG2) had not yet received speech therapy. All subjects underwent speech and language pathology evaluation and PA assessment. RESULTS: From the 26 sub-tasks of PA applied, only one showed statistically significant difference, confirming worse performance of the SG2 (p<0.05). However, analysis of the means showed that SG1 tended to present a better performance overall than SG2. Despite these results, even subjects who received speech therapy intervention presented low performances on the tasks. CONCLUSION: Statistically significant difference was observed only in the sub-test T7-two syllables (syllabic reversion) among children with EPD who received speech intervention and children with EPD without speech therapy. However, the group who did attend speech therapy showed a tendency to achieve better performance in the PA tasks.
Encoding, Fast and Slow: Low-Latency Video Processing Using Thousands of Tiny Threads

We describe ExCamera, a system that can edit, transform, and encode a video, including 4K and VR material, with low latency. The system makes two major contributions. First, we designed a framework to run general-purpose parallel computations on a commercial "cloud function" service. The system starts up thousands of threads in seconds and manages inter-thread communication. Second, we implemented a video encoder intended for fine-grained parallelism, using a functional-programming style that allows computation to be split into thousands of tiny tasks without harming compression efficiency. Our design reflects a key insight: the work of video encoding can be divided into fast and slow parts, with the "slow" work done in parallel, and only "fast" work done serially.
Computing over Multiple-Access Channels with Connections to Wireless Network Coding

We study the problem of multicasting over a network of multiple-access channels (MACs). The separation-based solution to this problem is to reduce each MAC to a set of noiseless bit pipes via a channel code and then employ network coding. Sometimes, however, the physical-layer structure of the MAC can be exploited more advantageously. In many cases of interest, the MAC output is a (deterministic) function of its inputs, corrupted by noise. We develop structured codes to exploit the natural function of a MAC to reliably compute functions as part of a network code and show that in many scenarios of interest our scheme outperforms the separation-based solution. If each MAC can be written as a sum over some finite field plus noise, then our achievable rate coincides with the max-flow min-cut bound
Intraocular pressure after intravitreal injection of triamcinolone acetonide

Aim: To investigate the intraocular pressure (IOP) response after intravitreal injections of triamcinolone acetonide as treatment of intraocular neovascular or oedematous diseases. Methods: The prospective consecutive non-comparative interventional case series study included 71 patients (75 eyes) with progressive exudative age related macular degeneration (n = 64 eyes) or diffuse diabetic macular oedema (n = 11 eyes), who received an intravitreal injection of 25 mg triamcinolone acetonide. Mean follow up time was 6.86 (SD 2.52) months (range 3.1–14.47 months). Results: IOP increased significantly (p<0.001) from 15.43 (3.26) mm Hg preoperatively to a mean maximum of 23.38 (8.37) mm Hg (range 13–64 mm Hg) postoperatively. An IOP rise to values higher than 21 mm Hg was observed in 39 (52%) eyes. Elevation of IOP occurred about 2 months after the injection. Preoperative predictive factor for the rise in IOP was younger age (p=0.013). It was statistically independent of refractive error, presence of diabetes mellitus, and indication for the injection. In all but one eye, IOP could be lowered to the normal range with topical medication, without development of glaucomatous optic nerve head changes. In the eyes with an elevation of IOP, IOP normalised about 6 months after the injection, without further medication. Eyes undergoing repeatedly intravitreal injections of triamcinolone acetonide showed only an elevation of IOP, if after the first injection a rise of IOP had occurred. Conclusions: After intravitreal injections of 25 mg of triamcinolone acetonide, an IOP elevation can develop in about 50% of eyes, starting about 1–2 months after the injection. In the vast majority, IOP can be normalised by topical medication, and returns to normal values without further medication about 6 months after the injection.
Alignment of Family and Work Roles

This study investigated the similarity of family members and co-workers. A total of 75 human service workers each rated up to four positive and four negative family members, and four positive and four negative co-workers on six dimensions drawn from Holland's (1985) six vocational types. The results indicated that positive family members were significantly more similar to positive co-workers than were negative co-workers. Negative family members were significantly more similar to negative co-workers than were positive co-workers. These results were interpreted to support the general proposition that individuals re-enact family dramas in work, suggesting that a major way that a family drama is established in work involves casting co-workers in customary roles.
Cross-Layer Design for Congestion, Contention, and Power Control in CRAHNs under Packet Collision Constraints

In this paper, we investigate the cross-layer design for congestion, contention, and power control in multi-hop cognitive radio ad-hoc networks (CRAHNs). In particular, we develop a unified optimization framework achieving flexible tradeoff between energy efficiency and network utility maximization where we design two novel cross-layer cognitive algorithms comprising efficient powered-controlled MAC protocols for CRAHNs based on the concepts of social welfare and net revenue in economics. The proposed framework can balance interference, collision, and congestion among cognitive users (CUs) including cognitive sources and cognitive links while utilizing stochastic spectrum holes vacated by licensed users (LUs). The former allows both cognitive sources and cognitive links to simultaneously adjust their transmission parameters (i.e., transmit power, persistence probability, and rate) following the law of diminishing returns whereas the latter forces cognitive links to control the persistence probability and transmit power in order to asymptotically balance the offered load regulated by cognitive sources. Our proposed protocols are then validated and their performance is compared with the existing MAC schemes in the literature via numerical studies.
A Comprehensive Analysis of the Correlations between Resting-State Oscillations in Multiple-Frequency Bands and Big Five Traits

Recently, the association between human personality traits and resting-state brain activity has gained interest in neuroimaging studies. However, it remains unclear if Big Five personality traits are represented in frequency bands (~0.25 Hz) of resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) activity. Based on earlier neurophysiological studies, we investigated the correlation between the five personality traits assessed by the NEO Five-Factor Inventory (NEO-FFI), and the fractional amplitude of low-frequency fluctuation (fALFF) at four distinct frequency bands (slow-5 (0.01–0.027 Hz), slow-4 (0.027–0.073 Hz), slow-3 (0.073–0.198 Hz) and slow-2 (0.198–0.25 Hz)). We enrolled 835 young subjects and calculated the correlations of resting-state fMRI signals using a multiple regression analysis. We found a significant and consistent correlation between fALFF and the personality trait of extraversion at all frequency bands. Furthermore, significant correlations were detected in distinct brain regions for each frequency band. This finding supports the frequency-specific spatial representations of personality traits as previously suggested. In conclusion, our data highlight an association between human personality traits and fALFF at four distinct frequency bands.
Automata theory in nominal sets

We study languages over infinite alphabets equipped with some structure that can be tested by recognizing automata. We develop a framework for studying such alphabets and the ensuing automata theory, where the key role is played by an automorphism group of the alphabet. In the process, we generalize nominal sets due to Gabbay and Pitts.
Voxel-based morphometric analyses of the brain in children and adolescents prenatally exposed to alcohol

Children of mothers who abuse alcohol during pregnancy can suffer varying degrees of neurological abnormality, cognitive impairment, and behavioral problems, and in the worst case, are diagnosed with fetal alcohol syndrome (FAS). The purpose of the present study was to localize brain abnormalities in a group of children and adolescents prenatally exposed to alcohol using high resolution, 3D structural MRI data and whole-brain voxel-based morphometry (VBM). Data were collected for 21 children and adolescents with histories of prenatal alcohol exposure (ALC) and 21 normally developing individuals. Statistical parametric maps revealed abnormalities most prominent in the left hemisphere perisylvian cortices of the temporal and parietal lobes where the ALC patients tended to have too much gray matter and not enough white matter. These results provide further support for dysmorphology in temporo-parietal cortices above and beyond the overall microcephaly that results from severe prenatal alcohol exposure.
Women, Children, and Poverty: Public Policies and Female-Headed Families in Industrialized Countries

Single-parent, female-headed families are at risk of poverty and are causing concern in all advanced industrialized countries. A committee set up by the British government in the early 1970s to study the problems of these families issued a well-publicized report in July 1974.1 Although the recommendations made in the report have not yet been carried out, discussion continues about the need for more concerted attention to this problem. The Commission of the European Communities launched a major effort in the late 1970s aimed at assessing the extent of poverty and the composition and characteristics of the poor in member countries. Its report, issued in 1981, states that the incidence of poverty in much of the Community is "above or far above average" in households with a female head, one-parent families with more than one child (overwhelmingly female-headed), and households with a head, whether aged or not, who is not in the labor force.2
Integrating Transfer Learning in Synthetic Student

Building an intelligent agent, which simulates human-level learning appropriate for learning math, science, or a second language, could potentially benefit both education in understanding human learning, and artificial intelligence in creating human-level intelligence. Recently, we have proposed an efficient approach to acquiring procedural knowledge using transfer learning. However, it operated as a separate module. In this paper, we describe how to integrate this module into a machine-learning agent, SimStudent, that learns procedural knowledge from examples and through problem solving. We illustrate this method in the domain of algebra, after which we consider directions for future research in this area.
Need for caspases in apoptosis of trophic factor‐deprived PC12 cells

PC12 cells are a useful model system for studying neuronal apoptosis. Like neurons, they undergo apoptosis when deprived of trophic support. Involvement of caspases [interleukin 1β‐converting enzyme (ICE)‐related proteases] has been implicated in apoptosis induced by various stimuli in many cell types, including neurons. In the present study we investigated the need for caspases participation in apoptosis induced by growth factor deprivation in naive and neuronal PC12 cells. For this purpose we generated PC12 cell lines that consistently express the viral caspases inhibitor genes p35 or crmA, and analyzed their susceptibility to trophic factor deprivation. We also examined the effects of cell‐permeable peptide inhibitors of caspases. Our results showed that broad‐spectrum inhibitors of the caspases, namely the baculovirus p35 gene and the peptide benzyloxycarbonyl‐Val‐Ala‐Asp‐fluoromethyl ketone, effectively inhibit the death of both naive and neuronal PC12 cells. However, caspase‐1 (ICE)‐specific inhibitors, namely the peptides Ac‐Try‐Val‐Ala‐Asp‐chloromethylketone and Ac‐Try‐Val‐Ala‐Asp‐aldehyde, as well as crmA, were much less effective. These findings demonstrate that caspases, but not caspase‐1, are needed for apoptosis induced by trophic factor deprivation in both naive and neuronal PC12 cells. Northern and Western blot analyses showed that PC12 cells express caspase‐3. We therefore examined the involvement of caspase‐3 in the death process of trophic factor‐deprived PC12 cells. Our results showed that the pro‐caspase‐3 and its substrate poly(ADP‐ribose)polymerase are cleaved at similar rates in serum‐deprived PC12 cells. Moreover, cell lysates prepared from these cells possess caspase‐3‐like activity, as determined by their ability to cleave the fluorogenic peptide substrate Ac‐Asp‐Glu‐Val‐Asp‐7‐amino‐4‐methylcoumarin. These findings strongly suggest that caspase‐3 or caspase‐3‐like proteases are activated in trophic factor‐deprived PC12 cells. J. Neurosci. Res. 50:69–80, 1997. © 1997 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.