Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
An automatic test pattern generator for large sequential circuits based on Genetic Algorithms

This paper is concerned with the question of automated test pattern generation for large synchronous sequential circuits and describes an approach based on Genetic Algorithms suitable for even the largest benchmark circuits, together with a prototype system named GATTO. Its effectiveness (in terms of result quality and CPU time requirements) for circuits previously unmanageable is illustrated. The flexibility of the new approach enables users to easily trade off fault coverage and CPU time to suit their needs.
Seven Phrase Penetration Testing Model

in penetration testing process a simple way to test a system is held by primary analysis and formal methods, Based on the observation that most security flaws are triggered due to a flawed interaction with the environment(12). Herein have describe an approach for testing web application and database integration system for possible security flaws. This approach is to be included in a dynamic model which have the aim to bind the complex and lengthy procedure of penetration testing process. Proposed approach is prepared a model using seven different Phases called as Seven Phase Penetration Testing Model (SPPT-Model). It simplifies the complex penetration testing procedure and allow penetration tester to evaluate accurately what faults to be exist in the target system. The dynamic model of penetration testing can be implementing freely and efficiently on almost all type of applications. This scheme can be used to classify informatics, analytical, complex, logical, well-known and common security flaws of web application.
LIFE EVENT STRESS, SOCIAL SUPPORT, COPING STYLE, AND RISK OF PSYCHOLOGICAL IMPAIRMENT

The effects of life event stress, coping style, and social support on psychological impairment were examined in a survey of a representative Australian suburban sample (N = 863). Psychological impairment was defined as a score of 4 or more on the 20-item General Health Questionnaire. Life event stress, coping style, and one of the social support variates, crisis support, were related to impairment, significantly decreasing or increasing the risk of being identified as impaired from the total sample frequency of 24 per cent. There was no evidence that coping style or social support became associated by moderating the relationship between life event stress and impairment, but rather because of their independent relationship with psychological impairment.
Conversion of PtdIns(4,5)P2 into PtdIns(5)P by the S.flexneri effector IpgD reorganizes host cell morphology

Phosphoinositides play a central role in the control of several cellular events including actin cytoskeleton organization. Here we show that, upon infection of epithelial cells with the Gram‐negative pathogen Shigella flexneri, the virulence factor IpgD is translocated directly into eukaryotic cells and acts as a potent inositol 4‐phosphatase that specifically dephosphorylates phosphatidylinositol 4,5‐bisphosphate [PtdIns(4,5)P2] into phosphatidylinositol 5‐monophosphate [PtdIns(5)P] that then accumulates. Transfection experiments indicate that the transformation of PtdIns(4,5)P2 into PtdIns(5)P by IpgD is responsible for dramatic morphological changes of the host cell, leading to a decrease in membrane tether force associated with membrane blebbing and actin filament remodelling. These data provide the molecular basis for a new mechanism employed by a pathogenic bacterium to promote membrane ruffling at the entry site.
Dual energy X‐ray absorptiometry of the hand and wrist–a possible technique to assess skeletal maturation: methodology and data in normal youths

Ninety five normal Caucasian subjects (51F, 44 M) aged from 2 to 25 y were measured at the hand and wrist level with a small DXA system (pDEXA™) in order to obtain the normal values of the bone mineral content (BMC), density (BMD) and projected area (A) of carpal (c) and metacarpal (m) bones. BMDc ranged from 0.065 ± 0.007 g/cm to 0.365 ± 0.035 g/cm in females and 0.425 ± 0.040 g/cm in males. It presented a sharp change of increase rate at 15.5 and 17 y of age in girls and boys, respectively. Ac presented the same kind of evolution as BMDc, but had a larger value dispersion. The second metacarpal bone had the highest BMCm value in 85% of females and 90% of males. The sum of BMCmi or Ami values (i = 1–5) and the projected mean density of the 5 metacarpal bones was well correlated with BMCc, Ac and BMDc, respectively (r> 0.90). A volumetric mineral density, dmi, calculated for each of these bones, approximated to a cylinder, was correlated with age (r > 0.85).
State policy couple dynamics in evolutionary games

Standard Evolutionary Game framework is a useful tool to study large interacting systems and to understand the strategic behavior of individuals in such complex systems. Adding an individual state to model local feature of each player in this context, allows one to study a wider range of problems in various application areas as networking, biology, etc. In this paper, we introduce such an extension of evolutionary game framework and particularly, we focus on the dynamical aspects of this system. Precisely, we study the coupled dynamics of the strategies and the individual states inside a population of interacting individuals. We consider here a two strategies evolutionary game. We first obtain a system of combined dynamics and we show that the rest-points of this system are equilibria of our evolutionary game with individual state. Second, by assuming two different time scales between states and strategy dynamics, we can compute explicitly the equilibria. Then, by transforming our evolutionary game with individual states into a standard evolutionary game, we obtain an equilibrium which is equivalent, in terms of occupation measure, to the previous one. All our results are illustrated with numerical results.
Applying Co-Training Methods to Statistical Parsing

We propose a novel Co-Training method for statistical parsing. The algorithm takes as input a small corpus (9695 sentences) annotated with parse trees, a dictionary of possible lexicalized structures for each word in the training set and a large pool of unlabeled text. The algorithm iteratively labels the entire data set with parse trees. Using empirical results based on parsing the Wall Street Journal corpus we show that training a statistical parser on the combined labeled and unlabeled data strongly out-performs training only on the labeled data.
Identification of Leaf Proteins Differentially Accumulated between Wheat Cultivars Distinct in Their Levels of Drought Tolerance

The drought-tolerant ‘Ningchun 47’ (NC47) and drought-sensitive ‘Chinese Spring’ (CS) wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) cultivars were treated with different PEG6000 concentrations at the three-leaf stage. An analysis on the physiological and proteomic changes of wheat seedling in response to drought stress was performed. In total, 146 differentially accumulated protein (DAP) spots were separated and recognised using two-dimensional gel electrophoresis. In total, 101 DAP spots representing 77 unique proteins were identified by matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionisation time-of-flight mass spectrometry. These proteins were allocated to 10 groups according to putative functions, which were mainly involved in carbon metabolism (23.4%), photosynthesis/respiration (22.1%) and stress/defence/detoxification (18.2%). Some drought stress-related proteins in NC47, such as enolase, 6-phosphogluconate dehydrogenase, Oxygen-evolving enhancer protein 2, fibrillin-like protein, 2-Cys peroxiredoxin BAS1 and 70-kDa heat shock protein, were more upregulated than those in CS. Multivariate principal components analysis revealed obvious differences between the control and treatments in both NC47 and CS, while cluster analysis showed that the DAPs displayed five and six accumulation patterns in NC47 and CS, respectively. Protein–protein interaction network analysis showed that some key DAPs, such as 2-Cys peroxiredoxin BAS1, RuBisCO large subunit-binding protein, 50S ribosomal protein L1, 6-phosphogluconate dehydrogenase, glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate dehydrogenase isoenzyme and 70-kDa heat shock protein, with upregulated accumulation in NC47, had complex interactions with other proteins related to amino acid metabolism, carbon metabolism, energy pathway, signal transduction, stress/defence/detoxification, protein folding and nucleotide metabolism. These proteins could play important roles in drought-stress tolerance and contribute to the relatively stronger drought tolerance of NC47.
Influence of Sulfate Ions on Chloride-Induced Reinforcement Corrosion in Portland and Blended Cement Concretes

Reinforced concrete structures serving in marine environments and in soils contaminated with high concentrations of chloride and sulfate salts are susceptible to reinforcement corrosion and sulfate attack. This study examines the effect of chloride and sulfate ions, or both, on reinforcement corrosion in plain and blended cement concretes. Corrosion potentials and corrosion current density were measured at periodic intervals to determine reinforcement corrosion. The mechanisms of chloride-induced reinforcement corrosion in the presence of sulfate ions was elucidated by extracting and analyzing the pore solution. The time to initiation of reinforcement corrosion was strongly related to the mobility and diffusivity of the chloride ions. The corrosion rate of steel increased in both plain and blended cements once the chloride and sulfate ions reached the steel-concrete interface. Silica-fume cement concrete was the slowest to initiation of corrosion and had a low current corrosion density as well.
Influence of Tomographic Slice Thickness and Field of View Variation on the Reproduction of Thin Bone Structures for Rapid Prototyping Purposes —An in Vitro Study

This study assessed the influence of acquisition parameters of tomographic volumes on the reproduction of thin bone structures for rapid prototyping purposes. Two parameters were investigated: Field of View (FOV) and Slice Thickness (ST). The specimen was comprised of five pairs of 0.6 mm, 1.1 mm, 1.5 mm, 2.0 mm and 2.8 mm thick cortical bone plates. The plates were stuck into utility wax; the first plate of the pair was in vertical position while the second plate was oblique to the first one. Forty-five tomographic images were captured and separated into 3 groups of fifteen images. Each group had a specific FOV: 180 mm; 250 mm and 430 mm, respectively. Within each of these three groups, tomographic slice thickness was varied for every five of the fifteen slices. Acquisitions were carried out with STs of 1 mm, 2.5 mm and 5 mm. The Cyclops Medical Station software was used in the voxel-to-voxel analysis of radiologic density, reaching a total of 1350 assessed images. ST and FOV variation influenced the reproduction of thin bone walls, and FOV was shown to be a very important parameter. The larger the acquisition FOV, the more reduction in the number of voxels within the range of reconstruction for cortical bone in all of the bone plates. The visual analysis of the images of very thin bone walls showed that there could be a sharp drop in the radiologic density value in several adjacent voxels, resulting in areas which might not be reproduced in the reconstruction.
The Effect of Selenium and Vitamin E on the Lymphocytes and Immunoglobulin‐containing Plasma cells in the Lymphoid organ and Mucosa‐Associated Lymphatic Tissues of Broiler Chickens

The present research has been designed to understand the effect of selenium and vitamin E on the lymphocyte and changes in the frequency of Ig‐containing plasma cells in the lymphatic organ and ileum (representative organ for mucosa‐associated lymphatic tissues) of different postnatal stages of Kasilla broiler chickens. A routine haematoxylin and eosin (H and E) stain were used to study the histology of the lymphocytic changes, and indirect immunoperoxidase staining method was performed for the study of the distributional and dynamical changes of the Ig‐containing plasma cells within the lymphatic tissues and in the ileum of control broilers and in the broilers supplemented with different concentration of selenium and vitamin E in the diet. Histologically, the population of lymphocytes decreased in the lobules of the thymus, medulla of bursal follicles, splenic masses, lymphatic nodules of the cecal tonsil, and villi of the ilium in 0.1 mg and 0.5 mg selenium supplemented broilers in comparison with the control. The population of these cells was found to increase in 150 mg and 300 mg vitamin E supplemented chickens in the present study. In the spleen IgG‐ and the IgM‐containing plasma cells were more than IgA‐containing plasma cells. In contrast, in the cecal tonsil and ileum IgA‐containing plasma cells were more than IgG‐ and IgM‐containing plasma cells. The frequency of these immunopositive cells were decreased in 0.1 mg and 0.5 mg selenium supplementated chickens, and increased their frequency in the chickens supplemented with 150 mg and 300 mg vitamin E. In the spleen the frequency of IgM‐containing plasma cells and both in the cecal tonsil and ileum, the IgG‐containing plasma cells were more decreased by selenium supplementation which restored in their population by vitamin E supplementation.
Two Faces of Chondroitin Sulfate Proteoglycan in Spinal Cord Repair: A Role in Microglia/Macrophage Activation

Background Chondroitin sulfate proteoglycan (CSPG) is a major component of the glial scar. It is considered to be a major obstacle for central nervous system (CNS) recovery after injury, especially in light of its well-known activity in limiting axonal growth. Therefore, its degradation has become a key therapeutic goal in the field of CNS regeneration. Yet, the abundant de novo synthesis of CSPG in response to CNS injury is puzzling. This apparent dichotomy led us to hypothesize that CSPG plays a beneficial role in the repair process, which might have been previously overlooked because of nonoptimal regulation of its levels. This hypothesis is tested in the present study. Methods and Findings We inflicted spinal cord injury in adult mice and examined the effects of CSPG on the recovery process. We used xyloside to inhibit CSPG formation at different time points after the injury and analyzed the phenotype acquired by the microglia/macrophages in the lesion site. To distinguish between the resident microglia and infiltrating monocytes, we used chimeric mice whose bone marrow-derived myeloid cells expressed GFP. We found that CSPG plays a key role during the acute recovery stage after spinal cord injury in mice. Inhibition of CSPG synthesis immediately after injury impaired functional motor recovery and increased tissue loss. Using the chimeric mice we found that the immediate inhibition of CSPG production caused a dramatic effect on the spatial organization of the infiltrating myeloid cells around the lesion site, decreased insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1) production by microglia/macrophages, and increased tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) levels. In contrast, delayed inhibition, allowing CSPG synthesis during the first 2 d following injury, with subsequent inhibition, improved recovery. Using in vitro studies, we showed that CSPG directly activated microglia/macrophages via the CD44 receptor and modulated neurotrophic factor secretion by these cells. Conclusions Our results show that CSPG plays a pivotal role in the repair of injured spinal cord and in the recovery of motor function during the acute phase after the injury; CSPG spatially and temporally controls activity of infiltrating blood-borne monocytes and resident microglia. The distinction made in this study between the beneficial role of CSPG during the acute stage and its deleterious effect at later stages emphasizes the need to retain the endogenous potential of this molecule in repair by controlling its levels at different stages of post-injury repair.
Path planning for a special robot working in narrow space

This paper has designed a special robot working in a narrow space. Planning an appropriate path is one of the significant problems. In this paper, a mathematical expression of the G value considering obstacles in the environment based on A* algorithm in low-dimensionality is proposed. The algorithm is a approaching path planning algorithm in static, known environments. We plan the path of the end-effector after it moves near the obstacles. As only the end-effector changes drastically, it is safe for other joints working in the collision environment if the other joints are obtained using inverse kinematics. The simulation result validates the effectiveness of our algorithm. We then describe the cost function in three dimensions briefly.
Monotonic aggregation in deductive databases

We propose a semantics for aggregates in deductive databases based on a notion of minimality. Unlike some previous approaches, we form a minimal model of a program component including aggregate operators, rather than insisting that the aggregate apply to atoms that have been fully determined, or that aggregate functions are rewritten in terms of negation. In order to guarantee the existence of such a minimal model we need to insist that the domains over which we are aggregating are complete lattices, and that the program is in a sense monotonic. Our approach generalizes previous approaches based on the well-founded semantics and various forms of stratification. We are also able to handle a large variety of monotonic (or pseudo-monotonic) aggregate functions.
Wnt/β-catenin signaling is required for CNS, but not non-CNS, angiogenesis

Despite the importance of CNS blood vessels, the molecular mechanisms that regulate CNS angiogenesis and blood−brain barrier (BBB) formation are largely unknown. Here we analyze the role of Wnt/β-catenin signaling in regulating the formation of CNS blood vessels. First, through the analysis of TOP-Gal Wnt reporter mice, we identify that canonical Wnt/β-catenin signaling is specifically activated in CNS, but not non-CNS, blood vessels during development. This activation correlates with the expression of different Wnt ligands by neural progenitor cells in distinct locations throughout the CNS, including Wnt7a and Wnt7b in ventral regions and Wnt1, Wnt3, Wnt3a, and Wnt4 in dorsal regions. Blockade of Wnt/β-catenin signaling in vivo specifically disrupts CNS, but not non-CNS, angiogenesis. These defects include reduction in vessel number, loss of capillary beds, and the formation of hemorrhagic vascular malformations that remain adherent to the meninges. Furthermore, we demonstrate that Wnt/β-catenin signaling regulates the expression of the BBB-specific glucose transporter glut-1. Taken together these experiments reveal an essential role for Wnt/β-catenin signaling in driving CNS-specific angiogenesis and provide molecular evidence that angiogenesis and BBB formation are in part linked.
Distance-Based Scheme for Vertical Handoff in Heterogeneous Wireless Networks

Seamless vertical handoff between different access networks in the next generation wireless networks remains a challenging problem. A recent vertical handoff scheme that is based on Signal to Interference and Noise Ratio (SINR) may not be the best scheme for selecting the service access point or base station. Although this SINR- based scheme has higher system throughput and lower disconnection probability as compared with other vertical handoff schemes, we presume that the distance is a good criterion for decreasing service disconnection probability and increasing system throughput. The Distance-based Scheme for Vertical Handoff (DSVH) that we propose in this paper for heterogeneous wireless networks is a reactive vertical handoff scheme. We suggest that vertical handoff be based on the Received Signal Strength (RSS) and the distances to access points or base stations, where the main goal of this scheme is to enhance system performance in terms of reducing service disconnection probability and increasing system throughput. The simulation experiments show that our proposed scheme, DSVH, significantly outperforms the SINR-based scheme. It reduces the number of dropped users by 20%. However, the throughput improvrmrnt is insignificant; it is about 1%.
Microstructure and Mixing Distribution Analysis in M30 Triple-Base Propellants

Abstract : Two different lots of M30 triple-base propellants, RAD-MEI-049 and RAD-MEI-051 (lots 49 and 51), were analyzed to determine the degree of mixing and distribution of the components in the propellant grains using novel x-ray diffraction techniques developed at Stevens. The degree of mixing was relatively low in both lots; with lot 49 being better than lot 51. The mixing index of nitroglycerine (NG) was inferior in both lots when compared to nitrocellulose (NC) and nitroguanidine (NQ). The mixing distribution analysis of the components in the propellant grains showed enrichment of NQ and NC, and depletion of NG at the center. The reverse was true at the surface of the grains. Depletion of NQ in the grain interior and migration to the grain surface was evident in both lots. It was conclued that some of the NG is unbound and acts as a lower viscosity fluid during extrusion and migrates to the surface. Other processing defects observed in the M30 grains were formation of voids and internal cracks, and presence of wavy perforations. The alignment of the NQ particles along the extrusion axis of the grains was high in both of the lots; however, it suffered at the near-surface regions. The average particle diameter of NQ whiskers was larger in lot 49 than in lot 51. Future work is recommended for comprehensive and systematic evaluation of the mixing distribution and microstructure of the M30 triple-base propellants as affected by controlled processing parameters. Such systematic work in collaboration with ARDEC should offer significant cost saving insights for the process and production, and opportunities for improved quality of M30 triple-base propellants.
Growth factors controlling ovarian functions

The present review demonstrates an important role of different growth factors (of insulin‐like growth factors, epidermal growth factors, vascular endothelial growth factor, thrombopoietin, erytropoietin, hepatocyte growth factor, and growth factors of Hedgehog, Wnt and Notch families) in control of different ovarian functions—ovarian cell proliferation, apoptosis, folliculogenesis, luteogenesis, oogenesis, release of hormones, response to upstream hormonal regulators, fertility and, in some cases, in development of ovarian disorders. The possibility of practical application of these growth factors for characterization, prediction, and regulation the ovarian state is demonstrated. J. Cell. Physiol. 226: 2222–2225, 2011. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Cell and molecular biology of intervertebral disc degeneration: current understanding and implications for potential therapeutic strategies

Intervertebral disc degeneration (IDD) is a chronic, complex process associated with low back pain; mechanisms of its occurrence have not yet been fully elucidated. Its process is not only accompanied by morphological changes, but also by systematic changes in its histological and biochemical properties. Many cellular and molecular mechanisms have been reported to be related with IDD and to reverse degenerative trends, abnormal conditions of the living cells and altered cell phenotypes would need to be restored. Promising biological therapeutic strategies still rely on injection of active substances, gene therapy and cell transplantation. With advanced study of tissue engineering protocols based on cell therapy, combined use of seeding cells, bio‐active substances and bio‐compatible materials, are promising for IDD regeneration. Recently reported progenitor cells within discs themselves also hold prospects for future IDD studies. This article describes the background of IDD, current understanding and implications of potential therapeutic strategies.