Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Invariant magnetic helicity of fermions in graphite nanohelices

In this paper a theoretical studies of the effective Hamiltonian of nanohelices of graphite are presented. For this aim the solution of the three dimensional Schrödinger equations for electrons of nanohelices in graphite in magnetic field is found. The three-dimensional Schrödinger equation which is separated on one-dimensional and two-dimensional equations by separated of variables are shown to be concerned with the effective Hamiltonian of nanohelices in graphite by apply Bogoliubov transformation. The one-dimensional Schrödinger equation are shown to be concerned with the momentum anisotropy of electrons of nanohelices in graphite and the law of conservation of helicity is found. The law of conservation of helicity are shown to be related with the invariance comparatively the symmetry group of D6h. Landau quantization ε = ħhωcm± δ′ 2 q 1+ 4ħh ωcβ 2m δ′2 for fermions from mass chiral Dirac equation for the two-dimensional direction with spin-orbit interactions in a second quantization is found exactly. Quantum Hall effect in two-dimensional materials with spin-orbit interactions is predicted.
Data mining Twitter during the UK floods: Investigating the potential use of social media in emergency management

During a large-scale crisis, many people use social media to share information. However, emergency services are unable to use this information easily due to data quality and quantity issues. We use Twitter data generated during a recent flooding crisis to gain insights into this problem, evaluating techniques that could be used in real-time to provide actionable intelligence to emergency services. Our work also includes an exploratory analytical study of the data.
Volunteer leadership: The role of pride and respect in organizational identification and leadership satisfaction

We introduce and test with structural equation modeling an identity-based model of volunteer leadership (Study 1: N = 109 volunteers; Study 2: N = 183 volunteers). Volunteers take pride in the organization, due to leader communication about the effectiveness of the volunteer work and leader prototypicality. Volunteers feel respected by their leaders due to supportive leadership and leader encouragements for expressing ideas within the non-profit organization. These aspects of volunteer leadership relate to identification with the non-profit organization and the satisfaction with the leadership among volunteers, via respectively pride in the non-profit organization and respect from the leadership of the non-profit organization. Implications for leadership and avenues for further research are discussed.
Temporal ICA for classification of acoustic events i a kitchen environment

We describe a feature extraction method for general audio modeling using a temporal extension of Independent Component Analysis (ICA) and demonstrate its utility in the context of a sound classification task in a kitchen environment. Our approach accounts for temporal dependencies over multiple analysis frames much like the standard audio modeling technique of adding first and second temporal derivatives to the feature set. Using a real-world dataset of kitchen sounds, we show that our approach outperforms a canonical version of this standard front end, the mel-frequency cepstral coefficients (MFCCs), which has found successful application in automatic speech recognition tasks.
The action of the rectus femoris muscle following distal tendon transfer: does it generate knee flexion moment?

Rectus femoris transfer surgery involves detaching the rectus femoris from the patella and reattaching it posterior to the knee. While this procedure is thought to convert the rectus femoris from a knee extensor to a knee flexor, the moments generated by this muscle after transfer have never been measured. We used intramuscular electrodes to stimulate the rectus femoris in four subjects, two after transfer to the semitendinosus and two after transfer to the iliotibial band, while measuring the resultant knee moment.
An Improved Snake-Based Method for Object Contour Detection

In this paper we present a snake-based method for efficiently detecting contours of objects with boundary concavities. The proposed method is composed of two steps. First, the object's boundary is detected using the proposed snake model. Second, snake points are optimized by inserting new points and deleting unnecessary points to better describe the object's boundary. We use the Frenet formula to calculate the binormal vector at snake points and use a regional similarity energy to prevent snake points from converging on foreign edges. Moreover, we use the result to control the direction of movement for snake points near boundary concavities. The proposed algorithm can successfully detect boundary of objects. Experimental results have shown that our algorithm produces more accurate contour detection results than the conventional algorithm.
Strategy as “Inferior” Choice: A Re-interpretation of Porter's “What is Strategy?”

The article develops on the seminal work of Porter (1996) and in its five sections looks at the meaning of strategy as divorced from operational efficiency. It dwells of the extension of Lionel Robbins work (1932) on the concept of trade-offs and choice. Subsequent sections look at the managerial obsession with growth, strategy as positioning and how wrong choices emerge when the focus is on OE rather than the risks associated with strategy. The article also discusses the approach of strategy as Nash Equilibrium and the understanding of strategy as inferior choice.
Dual-Band Circularly Polarized Patch Antenna With First Positive and Negative Modes

A dual-band circularly polarized (CP) patch antenna having a first positive ( +1) mode and negative ( -1) mode is proposed in this letter. The +1 mode is a half-wavelength mode in the right-handed (RH) region, and the -1 mode is induced by a composite right/left-handed (CRLH) transmission line (TL) in the left-handed (LH) region. In order to realize CP properties, a trimmed square patch antenna and a 2 × 2 triangle mushroom antenna are employed, respectively, and the two antennas are combined to obtain small size. The proposed antenna has a single feed and a single-layered substrate even though it contains two antennas. Measurements show that the antenna has CP bandwidths of 2.879-2.901 GHz at the low band and 3.822-3.829 GHz at the high band. Finally, peak gains of 6.26 and 6.97 dBic are obtained and radiation efficiencies of 82% and 65% are measured at each band, respectively.
Constant Function Independent Test Set for Fault Detection in Bit Parallel Multipliers in GF(2^m)

In this paper, a C-testable implementation of polynomial basis (PB) bit parallel (BP) multiplier over the Galois fields of form GF(2 m) for detecting stuck-at faults in multiplier circuits has been proposed. The length of the constant test set is only 8. The fault detection can be incorporated in the multiplier circuit with only three extra inputs for controllability. The gate counts of the proposed testable multiplier as a function of degree m is also analyzed. The proposed constant test set is much smaller than ATPG generated or algorithmic test set, resulting in low power testability. As the GF(2 m) multipliers have found some critical field applications and need for efficient online testing, built-in self-test (BIST) circuit is proposed to generate test pattern internally. This BIST also obviates the need of having three extra pins for the control inputs. Area and delay of testable circuits and BIST circuit is analyzed using 0.18mum CMOS technology library from UMC. The proposed test pattern has the intrinsic ability to detect single bit errors in the test pattern generator (TPG) itself. The test set provides 100 percent single fault coverage
The Economic Value of Rating in App Market

This paper investigates the influence of ratings on an emerging software application market, app market. Given the nature of software application as experience good and the general scarcity of other quality signals such as advertising or branding for majority of app developers, consumers' ex ante belief on app utility essentially relies on the app rating which itself is derived from the ex post utility received by peer consumers. We develop an analytical framework which explicitly characterizes this bidirectional ratingutility conversion process, also named as consumer rating behavior, with a new concept "reservation rating. " After integrating consumer rating behavior into consumer's utility formation, we derive the market equilibrium and reveal how the changes in consumer rating behavior affect developers and platform owner's profits and how both developers and the platform owner should optimally react to various consumer rating behaviors in terms of the choices of app price, quality level and revenue sharing percentage. We also reveal how changes in consumer rating behavior would impact the social welfare, suggesting consumers' responsibility, in terms of proper rating behavior, to the overall goodness of app community. The rating-dependent utility function further enables us to derive a self-selection mechanism to achieve the separating equilibrium in which high and low cost rate developers choose differentiated revenue sharing percentages.
Kontestation in verknüpften Diskursräumen

Der Aufsatz argumentiert für den Fortbestand der Zeitschrift für Internationale Beziehungen, um den erfolgreichen Zugang zur Gestaltungsmacht zentraler Themen und Fragestellungen im globalen Zusammenhang weiterhin zu gewährleisten. Das Argument basiert auf einem Doppelschritt: erstens wird mittels Debatten in der ZIB ein Thema in der deutschsprachigen IB-Gemeinde platziert. Dieses wird dann zweitens durch die Publikation im englischsprachigen Kontext in der globalen IB-Gemeinde präsentiert. Diese Stabilisierung ist jedoch nicht allein der quantitativen Verbreiterung der Debatte, sondern der qualitativen Vertiefung durch Zugang zur Gestaltungsmacht im Universum des IB-Diskurses durch die schrittweise Nutzung und Verknüpfung unterschiedlicher Sprachräume geschuldet. Grundlage für die Argumentation ist daher die Funktion der ZIB als Diskussionsraum, der Kontestationen innerhalb der ZIB und darüber hinaus fördert. Hier wird durch die Verknüpfung über nachgeordnete Schritte Zugriff auf die Entfaltung globaler Debatten ermöglicht. Der Aufsatz entwickelt dieses Argument mit Bezug auf drei zentrale Debatten der ZIB.
Teen-Age Offenses and Offenders

D URING the last forty years, there has been a general tendency to extend the jurisdiction of the juvenile court both as to offense and age. Eighteen has come to be widely accepted by experts as the minimum upper age; this has been adopted in many jurisdictions. ' However, the I937 attempt in Massachusetts to raise the age to eighteen in the consolidation of the juvenile court work of its largest county, met with great opposition.2 Since a state-wide bill with similar provisions may be introduced into the General Court in I939, this investigation of seventeen-year-old offenders was undertaken to see if any light could be thrown upon the validity or invalidity of the arguments against raising the age limits of juvenile offenders to eighteen. The Massachusetts Board of Probation maintains a Central Criminal Index which has covered the entire state since I924. It represents, therefore, the most complete and authoritative source of criminal statistics in Massachusetts, particularly since its records are drawn not only from the courts, but also from i nstitutions and the parole boards. Most criminal statistics arise from police records, or from institutions, but none are based on a case-by-case compilation of the daily business of the courts and the correctional agencies which serve them. In I930 and I93I, there was set up in the Board of Probation a daily tally of the work of the courts and other agencies. This provides the most comprehensive and accurate set of criminal statistics available in any state in the country. Since I932, this statistical tabulation and analysis has been abandoned. The flow of individual records to the Board and their use by the courts and other agencies continues, but the attempt to build up a statistical compilation from these daily entries has been set aside. It was therefore impossible to secure complete figures for any year since I930-I93i and I93I-I932, for all the ages desired in the comparison. For these two years, however, there was available an analysis of all the offenses for which offenders were brought into court. It was decided to compare the offenses of the seventeen-year-old offender with those committed by children fourteen, fifteen, and sixteen years of age on the one hand, and with
Multi-user Timing Offset Detection Distributed Antenna Network (無線通信システム)

Distributed antenna network (DAN) system has been proposed and various transceiver designs have been proposed to effectively use the distributed antennas. A synchronous assumption was generally used in the previous studies for simplicity. However, the timing offset between users and antennas must be estimated in order to perform coherent detection. In our previous study, we proposed frequency domain timing offset estimation method for DAN system using phase only correlation function (POC). We used single user system model and showed the effectiveness of the POC based method. In this study, multi-user communication is considered and timing offset estimation method for multi-user timing offset detection is proposed. The effectiveness of the proposed method is verified by simulation result. Keywords-phase only correlation; timing offset; distributed antenna network; multi-user communication
Evaluering i klassen til støtte for læring Hvordan bruge fællesskabet for at fremme læring hos den enkelte

Mange associerer først og fremmest evaluering i skolen med eksamen, prøver og test. Disse evalueringer er individuelle, og derfor er det en almindelig misforståelse, at dette at vurdere altid er individorienteret. Men der sker hele tiden evaluering i klassen. Denne artikel har som overordnet mål at vise, hvorledes evaluering kan fremme læring, og hvilke krav dette stiller til læreren om anvendelse – både i klassefællesskabet og til vejledning af enkeltelever. Det handler om daglige rutiner, systematik, variation og tilbagemeldingskompetence både hos lærere og elever. Det betyder, at evaluering ikke kan drøftes løsrevet fra læringssyn og undervisning, sådan som det ofte er tilfældet.
Faster than Nyquist but Slower than Tropp et al

This paper presents a significant modification to the Random Demodulator (RD) of Tropp et al. for sub-Nyquist sampling of frequency-sparse signals. The modification, termed constrained random demodulator, involves replacing the random waveform integral to the operation of the RD with a constrained random waveform that has limits on its switching rate because fast switching waveforms may be hard to generate cleanly. The result is a relaxation on the hardware requirements with a slight, but manageable, decrease in the recovery guarantees of the RD. The paper also establishes the importance of properly choosing the statistics of the constrained random waveform. If the power spectrum of the random waveform matches the distribution on the tones of the input signal (i.e., the distribution is proportional to the power spectrum), then recovery of the input signal tones is improved. The theoretical guarantees provided in the paper are validated through extensive numerical simulations and phase transition plots.
Digital methods of calibration for analog integrated circuits in nanotechnologies

This work deals with the influence of increasing rate of integration (i.e. technology downscale) on the main parameters of integrated circuits. Our concerns are focused on calibration methods of analog integrated circuits that can compensate undesired side effects of technology downscale. The paper describes both the general principle of calibration system as well as design requirements for main blocks of the calibration subcircuit. Then, the approach for calibration employment in operational amplifiers is described, where the voltage offset cancellation is of the main concern. Consequently, a specific application of previously described calibration fundamentals is presented. For this purpose, statistical results on the input offset voltage of the operational amplifier are used, where the operational amplifier is realized in 130 nm CMOS technology.
Environment classifiers

This paper proposes and develops the basic theory for a new approach to typing multi-stage languages based a notion of environment classifiers. This approach involves explicit but lightweight tracking -- at type-checking time -- of the origination environment for future-stage computations. Classification is less restrictive than the previously proposed notions of closedness, and allows for both a more expressive typing of the "run" construct and for a unifying account of typed multi-stage programmin.The proposed approach to typing requires making cross-stage persistence (CSP) explicit in the language. At the same time, it offers concrete new insights into the notion of levels and in turn into CSP itself. Type safety is established in the simply-typed setting. As a first step toward introducing classifiers to the Hindley-Milner setting, we propose an approach to integrating the two, and prove type preservation in this setting.
Immersive virtual environments of simulation for exposure therapy: Impact of multi-sensory stimulation in the sense of presence in an acrophobic context

In the last three decades with the Information Technologies advent and the growth of the concept of Virtual Environments, a set of new ways to perform tasks have emerged, in the most diversified areas of society. The main focus of this work was to verify if it was possible to increase the sense of presence through multi-sensory stimulation, creating a virtual environment of simulation that causes stress in exposure therapy, in this case in people who have a fear of heights. The evaluation of the sense of presence was made using the Portuguese version of a previously validated IPQ (Igroup Presence Questionnaire) and also through direct observation of the movements caused by oculomotor reflexes. Although the achievement results that were not very significant between the two tested groups, the multisensory simulation environment obtained better results in terms of involvement in relation to space and realism, which increased concentration in the experience. The obtained results seem to indicate that the alone addition of further stimuli does not lead to an increased feeling of presence, therefore existing the need to understand which are the critical stimuli for each assessment situation.
Displaying Fel d1 on virus-like particles prevents reactogenicity despite greatly enhanced immunogenicity: a novel therapy for cat allergy

Allergen-specific desensitization is the only disease-modifying therapy currently available for the treatment of allergies. These therapies require application of allergen over several years and some may induce life-threatening anaphylactic reactions. An ideal vaccine for desensitization should be highly immunogenic and should alleviate allergic symptoms upon few injections while being nonreactogenic. We describe such a vaccine for the treatment of cat allergy, consisting of the major cat allergen Fel d1 coupled to bacteriophage Qβ-derived virus-like particles (Qβ–Fel d1). Qβ–Fel d1 was highly immunogenic, and a single vaccination was sufficient to induce protection against type I allergic reactions. Allergen-specific immunoglobulin G antibodies were shown to be the critical effector molecules and alleviated symptoms by two distinct mechanisms. Although allergen-induced systemic basophil degranulation was inhibited in an FcγRIIb-dependent manner, inhibition of local mast cell degranulation in tissues occurred independently of FcγRIIb. In addition, treatment with Qβ–Fel d1 abolished IgE memory responses upon antigen recall. Despite high immunogenicity, the vaccine was essentially nonreactogenic and vaccination induced neither local nor systemic anaphylactic reactions in sensitized mice. Moreover, Qβ–Fel d1 did not induce degranulation of basophils derived from human volunteers with cat allergies. These data suggest that vaccination with Qβ–Fel d1 may be a safe and effective treatment for cat allergy.
Silent Brain Infarcts and White Matter Lesions Increase Stroke Risk in the General Population: The Rotterdam Scan Study

Background and Purpose— Silent brain infarcts and white matter lesions are associated with an increased risk of subsequent stroke in minor stroke patients. In healthy elderly people, silent brain infarcts and white matter lesions are common, but little is known about their relevance. We examined the risk of stroke associated with these lesions in the general population. Methods— The Rotterdam Scan Study is a population-based prospective cohort study among 1077 elderly people. The presence of silent brain infarcts and white matter lesions was scored on cerebral MRI scans obtained from 1995 to 1996. Participants were followed for stroke for on average 4.2 years. We estimated the risk of stroke in relation to presence of brain lesions with Cox proportional hazards regression analysis. Results— Fifty-seven participants (6%) experienced a stroke during follow-up. Participants with silent brain infarcts had a 5 times higher stroke incidence than those without. The presence of silent brain infarcts increased the risk of stroke >3-fold, independently of other stroke risk factors (adjusted hazard ratio 3.9, 95% CI 2.3 to 6.8). People in the upper tertile of the white matter lesion distribution had an increased stroke risk compared with those in the lowest tertile (adjusted hazard ratio for periventricular lesions 4.7, 95% CI 2.0 to 11.2 and for subcortical lesions 3.6, 95% CI 1.4 to 9.2). Silent brain infarcts and severe white matter lesions increased the stroke risk independently of each other. Conclusion— Elderly people with silent brain infarcts and white matter lesions are at a strongly increased risk of stroke, which could not be explained by the major stroke risk factors.
Effect of previous and current vaccination against influenza A(H1N1)pdm09, A(H3N2), and B during the post-pandemic period 2010-2016 in Spain

Background Recent studies suggest that the protective effect of the current influenza vaccine could be influenced by vaccination in previous seasons. We estimated the combined effect of the previous and current influenza vaccines from the 2010–2011 season to the 2015–2016 season in Spain. Methods We performed a test-negative case-control study in patients ≥9 years old. We estimated the influenza vaccine effectiveness (IVE) against influenza A(H1N1)pdm09, A(H3N2), and B virus. Results We included 1206 influenza A(H1N1)pdm09 cases, 1358 A(H3N2) cases and 1079 B cases. IVE against A(H1N1)pdm09 virus in the pooled-season analysis was 53% (95% Confidence Interval (CI): 21% to 72%) for those vaccinated only in the current season and 50% (95%CI: 23% to 68%) for those vaccinated in the both current and previous seasons. Against the influenza A(H3N2) virus, IVE was 17% (95%CI: -43% to 52%) for those vaccinated only in the current season and 3% (95%CI: -33% to 28%) for those vaccinated in both seasons. Regarding influenza B, we obtained similar IVEs for those vaccinated only in the current and those vaccinated in both seasons: 57% (95%CI: 12% to 79%) and 56% (95%CI: 36% to 70%), respectively. Conclusion Our results suggested no interference between the previous and current influenza vaccines against A(H1N1)pdm09 and B viruses, but a possible negative interference against A(H3N2) virus.