Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Behavioral and Anatomical Interactions between Dopamine and Corticotropin-Releasing Factor in the Rat

The neuropeptide corticotropin-releasing factor (CRF) is believed to play a role in a number of psychiatric conditions, including anxiety disorders and depression. In the present study, male Sprague Dawley rats were used to examine the behavioral effects of altering dopamine transmission on CRF-enhanced startle, a behavioral assay believed to reflect stress- or anxiety-like states. Systemic administration of the selective dopamine D1 receptor antagonist SCH 23390 [R(+)-7-chloro-8-hydroxy-3-methyl-1-phenyl-2,3,4,5-tetrahydro-1H-3-benzazepine hydrochloride] (0, 0.01, 0.05, 0.1, 0.5 mg/kg) dose dependently blocked the effect of CRF (1 μg, i.c.v.) on startle at doses that had no effect on baseline startle response. Immunohistochemical studies showed that most CRF-containing cells in the dorsolateral division of the bed nucleus of the stria terminalis (BSTld), part of the critical brain area mediating CRF-enhanced startle, are surrounded by a dense plexus of tyrosine hydroxylase (TH)-positive fibers. Intra-BSTld injections of the retrograde tracer Fluorogold (FG) into the TH field identified neurons in the major dopaminergic areas (A8-A10), but not the major noradrenergic areas [A5, A6 (locus ceruleus), A7], as a significant source of TH-positive innervation. The majority of FG-filled cells double-labeled for TH were found in the dorsocaudal A10 cell group (A10dc) located in the periaqueductal gray area. Together, these data suggest that neuronal regulation of the BSTld by specific dopaminergic pathways and receptors may be an important mechanism for controlling CRF-dependent moods and affective states. These data also suggest that compounds with D1 receptor antagonist properties might have anxiolytic-like effects that could be useful for treating conditions associated with hyperactive CRF systems.
Realignment of temporal simultaneity between vision and touch

Adaptation to temporal asynchrony between senses (audiovisual and audiotactile) affects the subsequent simultaneity or temporal order judgment. Here, we investigated the effects of adaptation to temporal asynchrony between vision and touch. Participants experienced deformation of virtual objects with a fixed temporal lag between vision and touch. In subsequent trials, the visual and haptic stimuli were deformed with variable temporal lags, and the participants judged whether the stimuli became deformed simultaneously. The point of subjective simultaneity was shifted toward the adapted lag. No intermanual transfer of the adaptation effect was, however, found. These results indicate that the perceptual simultaneity between vision and touch is adaptive, and is determined separately for each hand.
Online Strategies for Evacuating from a Convex Region by Groups in the Plane

This paper considers the problem faced by several groups of evacuees who must leave from an affected area as quickly as possible. The evacuees are divided into multiple groups with complete information sharing with each other. We seek the strategies that achieve a bounded ratio of evacuation path length without any boundary information to that with. We restrict the affected area to a convex region in the plane, and present a 4*1.414-competitive strategy. Furthermore, we analyze the performance of strategies by comparing them in different situation.
THE HYDROLYSIS OF HYALURONIC ACID BY BACTERIAL ENZYMES

An improved method is described for preparing the enzyme which hydrolyzes the polysaccharide acid contained in vitreous humor, umbilical cord, synovial fluid, and the mucoid phase of group A hemolytic streptococci. Preparations have been obtained from pneumococci, group A hemolytic streptococci, Clostridium welchii, and from splenic tissue, which display the same specific activity. Evidence is presented to show that the hydrolytic enzyme is not the same as that responsible for the lysis of pneumococci. In pneumococci and hemolytic streptococci the major portion of the enzyme is bound to the cell structure. The enzyme from Clostridium welchii is associated with other carbohydrate-splitting enzymes in the culture medium and not with the bacterial cells. It is suggested that the disappearance of the mucoid capsule of group A hemolytic streptococci is due to enzymatic hydrolysis of the acid polysaccharide. The relation between enzyme activity and the virulence and invasiveness of group A hemolytic streptococci is briefly considered.
Climate change effects on human health: projections of temperature-related mortality for the UK during the 2020s, 2050s and 2080s

Background The most direct way in which climate change is expected to affect public health relates to changes in mortality rates associated with exposure to ambient temperature. Many countries worldwide experience annual heat-related and cold-related deaths associated with current weather patterns. Future changes in climate may alter such risks. Estimates of the likely future health impacts of such changes are needed to inform public health policy on climate change in the UK and elsewhere. Methods Time-series regression analysis was used to characterise current temperature-mortality relationships by region and age group. These were then applied to the local climate and population projections to estimate temperature-related deaths for the UK by the 2020s, 2050s and 2080s. Greater variability in future temperatures as well as changes in mean levels was modelled. Results A significantly raised risk of heat-related and cold-related mortality was observed in all regions. The elderly were most at risk. In the absence of any adaptation of the population, heat-related deaths would be expected to rise by around 257% by the 2050s from a current annual baseline of around 2000 deaths, and cold-related mortality would decline by 2% from a baseline of around 41 000 deaths. The cold burden remained higher than the heat burden in all periods. The increased number of future temperature-related deaths was partly driven by projected population growth and ageing. Conclusions Health protection from hot weather will become increasingly necessary, and measures to reduce cold impacts will also remain important in the UK. The demographic changes expected this century mean that the health protection of the elderly will be vital.
Support of cross calls between a microprocessor and FPGA in CPU-FPGA coupling architecture

The coupling architecture containing an FPGA device and a microprocessor has been widely used to accelerate microprocessor execution. Therefore, there have been intensive researches about synthesizing high-level programming languages (HLL) such as C and C++ into HW in the high-level synthesis community in order to make the work of reconfiguring the FPGA easier. However, the difference in a calling method in terms of semantics between HDLs and HLLs makes their interface implementation very difficult. This paper presents a novel communication framework between a microprocessor and FPGA, which allows the full implementation of cross calls between SW and HW and even recursive calls in HW without any limitation. We show that our proposed calling overhead is very small. With our communication framework, hardware components inside the FPGA are no longer isolated accelerators, and they can work as other master components in a system configuration.
Spatio-Temporal Context for More Accurate Dense Point Trajectories Estimation

Dense point trajectories estimation is a challenging yet important problem due to its potential of supporting other fields, such as motion estimation, action recognition, etc. In previous work, dense motion trackers always estimate trajectories based on consecutive frames and ignore scene context prior, thereby suffering from inaccurate estimation. In this paper, we present a novel dense point trajectories estimation framework which integrates trajectories spatio-temporal context into the estimation process. The spatial context for a trajectory refers to the support from its neighbouring trajectories, while the temporal context indicates the temporal appearance consistency for each trajectory. To obtain accurate and compact trajectories, we formulate the problem as an inference process in a Markov Random Field(MRF). We measure the accuracy of the algorithms on MIT sequences. Experimental results demonstrate that our methods can give more accurate dense point trajectories efficiently.
EGFR in gastric carcinomas: prognostic significance of protein overexpression and high gene copy number

Aims: Epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) expression has been observed in a variety of solid tumours with the potential of new targeted therapeutic agents. The aim was to evaluate the EGFR status of gastric carcinoma (GC) using immunohistochemistry (IHC) and fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH).
What are the difference among the currencies of foreign exchange loans

Bank solvency is affected by currency fluctuations if foreign currency loans (FCL) are significant. Current paper analyzed the extremity of these fluctuations and the time-variance of the currency correlations in the case of the Hungarian Forint and Czech Koruna (as a control variable) against the main FCL currencies like Euro, Swiss Franc and Japanese Jen. Test were conducted on four event windows, involving a pre-crisis and three crisis intervals – defined by the exchange rate related central bank operations. Our results suggested the declining occurrence of extreme currency fluctuations due to the continuously enhanced “temporary” swap agreements in the past half-decade, however, the historical strong correlation declined through this process. The institutional message of this paper is to support the idea of joint central bank actions in crisis management, which supposes some prudential abilities and tools of the central banks.
Regularization parameter selection in indirect regression by residual based bootstrap

Residual-based analysis is generally considered a cornerstone of statistical methodology. For a special case of indirect regression, we investigate the residual-based empirical distribution function and provide a uniform expansion of this estimator, which is also shown to be asymptotically most precise. This investigation naturally leads to a completely data-driven technique for selecting a regularization parameter used in our indirect regression function estimator. The resulting methodology is based on a smooth bootstrap of the model residuals. A simulation study demonstrates the effectiveness of our approach.
Blind and semi-blind equalization based on the constant power criterion

This paper focuses on the constant power (CP) criterion for blind linear equalization of digital communication channels. This recently proposed criterion is specially designed for the extraction of q-ary phase shift keying (q-PSK) signals using finite impulse response equalizers. When zero-forcing equalizers exist, the CP cost function accepts exact analytic solutions that are unaffected by undesired local extrema and spare costly iterative optimization. A subspace-based method exploiting the Toeplitz-like structure of the solution space is put forward to recover the minimum-length equalizer impulse response from the overestimated-length solutions. The proposed method is more robust to the relative weights of the minimum-length equalizer taps than existing techniques. In less ideal scenarios where the analytic solutions are only approximate minimizers of the criterion, a gradient-descent algorithm is proposed to minimize the cost function. To reduce the detrimental effects of suboptimal equilibria and accelerate convergence, the iterative algorithm is initialized with the approximate closed-form solution, and an optimal step size is incorporated into its updating rule. This optimal step size, which globally minimizes the cost function along the search direction, can be computed algebraically. A semi-blind implementation, which is useful when training data are available, further reduces the impact of undesired local extrema and enhances the convergence characteristics (particularly the robustness to the equalizer initialization) of the iterative algorithm from just a few pilot symbols. All these beneficial features are demonstrated with an experimental study of the proposed CP-based methods in a variety of channels and simulation conditions.
Panoramic Structure from Motion via Geometric Relationship Detection

This paper addresses the problem of Structure from Motion (SfM) for indoor panoramic image streams, extremely challenging even for the state-of-the-art due to the lack of textures and minimal parallax. The key idea is the fusion of single-view and multi-view reconstruction techniques via geometric relationship detection (e.g., detecting 2D lines as coplanar in 3D). Rough geometry suffices to perform such detection, and our approach utilizes rough surface normal estimates from an image-to-normal deep network to discover geometric relationships among lines. The detected relationships provide exact geometric constraints in our line-based linear SfM formulation. A constrained linear least squares is used to reconstruct a 3D model and camera motions, followed by the bundle adjustment. We have validated our algorithm on challenging datasets, outperforming various state-of-the-art reconstruction techniques.
Corresponding Security Level with the Risk Factors of Personally Identifiable Information through the Analytic Hierarchy Process

Since Taiwan government has announced the New Version of Personal Information Protection Act , People began to pay attention to their personal information and privacy. Many industries significantly increased their responsibilities and faced more serious challenges. In order to cope with the requirements of the new law, BS10012 specification can help enterprises to reduce impact of personal data protection law. Enterprises need to rethink policy objectives, and make risk assessment of personally identifiable information (PII). This study using analytic hierarchy process (AHP) to identify the security level of PII. Corresponding security level with the risk factors of personal information, so that find the suitable countermeasure to protect users PII. Rarely see research about risk assessment of PII by using AHP, therefore the feasibility of the application of AHP in this regard is worthwhile to explore.
The canonical arithmetic height of subvarieties of an abelian variety over a finetely generated field

This paper is the sequel of [2]. In [4], S. Zhang defined the canonical height of subvarieties of an abelian variety over a number field in terms of adelic metrics. In this paper, we generalize it to an abelian variety defined over a finitely generated field over Q. Our way is slightly different from his method. Instead of using adelic metrics directly, we introduce an adelic sequence and an adelic structure (cf. §§3.1). Let K be a finitely generated field over Q with d = tr. degQ(K), and B = (B;H1, . . . , Hd) a polarization of K, i.e., B is a projective arithmetic variety whose function field is K, and H1, . , Hd are nef C∞-hermitian line bundles on B. Let A be an abelian variety over K, and L a symmetric ample line bundle on A. Fix a projective arithmetic variety A over B and a nef C∞-hermitian Q-line bundle L on A such that A is the generic fiber of A→ B and L is isomorphic to L on A. Then we can assign the naive height h (A,L)(X) to a subvariety X of AK . Indeed, if X is defined over K, h B (A,L)(X) is given by
Data Node Encrypted File System: Efficient Secure Deletion for Flash Memory

We propose the Data Node Encrypted File System (DNEFS), which uses on-the-fly encryption and decryption of file system data nodes to efficiently and securely delete data on flash memory systems. DNEFS is a generic modification of existing flash file systems or controllers that enables secure data deletion while preserving the underlying systems' desirable properties: application-independence, fine-grained data access, wear-levelling, and efficiency. We describe DNEFS both abstractly and in the context of the flash file system UBIFS. We propose UBIFSec, which integrates DNEFS into UBIFS. We implement UBIFSec by extending UBIFS's Linux implementation and we integrate UBIFSec in the Android operating system running on a Google Nexus One smartphone. We show that it is efficient and usable; Android OS and applications (including video and audio playback) run normally on top of UBIFSec. To the best of our knowledge, this work presents the first comprehensive and fully-implemented secure deletion solution that works within the specification of flash memory.
Using a Geospatial Model to Relate Fluvial Geomorphology to Macroinvertebrate Habitat in a Prairie River—Part 2: Matching Family-Level Indices to Geomorphological Response Units (GRUs)

Many rivers are intensely managed due to anthropogenic influences such as dams, channelization, and water provision for municipalities, agriculture, and industry. With this growing pressure on fluvial systems comes a greater need to evaluate the state of their ecosystems. The purpose of this research is to use a geospatial model of the Qu’Appelle River in Saskatchewan to distinguish instream macroinvertebrate habitats at the family level. River geomorphology was assessed through the use of ArcGIS and digital elevation models; with these tools, the sinuosity, slope, fractal dimension, and stream width of the river were processed. Subsequently, Principal Component Analysis, a clustering technique, revealed areas with similar sets of geomorphological characteristics. These similar typology sequences were then grouped into geomorphological response units (GRUs), designated a color, and mapped into a geospatial model. Macroinvertebrate data was then incorporated to reveal several relationships to the model. For instance, certain GRUs contained more highly sensitive species and healthier diversity levels than others. Future possibilities for expanding on this project include incorporating stable isotope data to evaluate the food-web structure within the river basin. Although GRUs have been very successful in identifying fish habitats in other studies, the macroinvertebrates may be too sessile and their habitat too localized to be identified by such large river units. Units may need to be much shorter (250 m) to better identify macroinvertebrate habitat.
Rural household livelihoods, crop production and well-being after a period of trade reforms: a case study of Rukwa, Tanzania

Production of staples occupies an important part in Sub-Saharan Africa‘s crop production, and maize is its single most important food staple. This thesis mainly examines the role of maize in farmers‘ livelihoods and wellbeing in Tanzania, in the context of a long period of reforms that have affected both the maize market, agriculture more widely. It does so by exploring the role of maize in household‘s on and off-farm diversification, the determinants of crop productivity, and the relationship between diversification, commercialisation and‘ well-being. A number of specific issues are explored including the importance of factors such as farm size and education, access to key inputs such as seeds, fertilizers and agricultural extension services. The thesis uses data collected from three districts of Rukwa, one of Tanzania‘s major maize producing regions, and some secondary agricultural data from official sources. The research found that households with more land were generally more diversified (both on-farm and off-farm) than those with less land, and they experienced higher levels of well-being as measured by a range of concepts of well-being, but that maize continues to play an important role households‘ livelihoods and well-being. The research also revealed low levels of use of important agricultural inputs such as modern fertilizers and extension services, which may explain the low yields observed in the region. Education emerged as an important factor in raising yields, increasing commercialisation and also well-being, suggesting that nonagriculture policies may also be important for improving productivity and welfare of farmers. Despite the importance of crop production to their‘ well-being, households face several constraints; these include access to fertilizers, improved seeds and other chemical inputs necessary for higher production, and extension services. These findings have important policy implications as many rural households continue to rely on agriculture, especially production of staples. Therefore, these results could help the central and local governments to formulate strategies geared towards improving rural well-being.
Angina and cardiac care: are there gender differences, and if so, why?

Differences in cardiac care according to gender have now been described for 20 years. As early as 1987, Tobin et al1 reported that 40% of male patients with abnormal exercise radionuclide scans were referred for cardiac catheterization, whereas only 4% of the female patients were referred for future testing. Since then, many investigations have continued to describe a less aggressive management strategy for coronary artery disease (CAD) in women than in men in a variety of settings, but predominantly in patients with acute coronary syndromes.2–11 Article p 490 Women are normally protected against CAD as compared with men until elderly age, but once they experience an acute myocardial infarction (MI), they have poorer outcomes than their male counterparts, particularly if they are younger than 60 years.12,13 It is possible that underrecognition and undertreatment of CAD in its early phase in women is a contributory factor. This may lead to 2 possible scenarios: (1) a more advanced or complicated disease at the time of MI due to lack of preventive treatment, and (2) referral bias due to the fact that only the most severely affected or the most symptomatic women with CAD are eventually diagnosed and treated. Angina pectoris is the most common initial presentation of symptomatic CAD in women and therefore represents, in many cases, the starting point in the sequence of healthcare delivery events that may result in gender-related inequalities. If there is lower utilization of noninvasive diagnostic testing at this initial point of care, it may translate into delayed diagnosis, delayed initiation of therapeutic interventions, and ultimately worse outcomes. Recognition of such underutilization, therefore, would shed light on whether the more advanced level of symptom severity, comorbidity, and often worse outcomes of women at the time of an MI are due to earlier undertreatment or …
Neuroethics of neuromarketing

Neuromarketing is upon us. Companies are springing up to offer their clients brain-based information about consumer preferences, purporting to bypass focus groups and other marketing research techniques on the premise that directly peering into a consumer's brain while viewing products or brands is a much better predictor of consumer behavior. These technologies raise a range of ethical issues, which fall into two major categories: (1) protection of various parties who may be harmed or exploited by the research, marketing, and deployment of neuromarketing and (2) protection of consumer autonomy if neuromarketing reaches a critical level of effectiveness. The former is straightforward. The latter may or may not be problematic depending upon whether the technology can be considered to so effectively manipulate consumer behavior such that consumers are not able to be aware of the subversion. We call this phenomenon stealth neuromarketing. Academics and companies using neuromarketing techniques should adopt a code of ethics, which we propose here, to ensure beneficent and non-harmful use of the technology in consideration of both categories of ethics concerns. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.