Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Statistical relations among earthquake magnitude, surface rupture length, and surface fault displacement

Abstract In order to refine correlations of surface-wave magnitude, fault rupture length at the ground surface, and fault displacement at the surface by including the uncertainties in these variables, the existing data were critically reviewed and a new data base was compiled. Earthquake magnitudes were redetermined as necessary to make them as consistent as possible with the Gutenberg methods and results, which make up much of the data base. Measurement errors were estimated for the three variables for 58 moderate to large shallow-focus earthquakes. Regression analyses were then made utilizing the estimated measurement errors. The regression analysis demonstrates that the relations among the variables magnitude, length, and displacement are stochastic in nature. The stochastic variance, introduced in part by incomplete surface expression of seismogenic faulting, variation in shear modulus, and regional factors, dominates the estimated measurement errors. Thus, it is appropriate to use ordinary least squares for the regression models, rather than regression models based upon an underlying deterministic relation in which the variance results primarily from measurement errors. Significant differences exist in correlations of certain combinations of length, displacement, and magnitude when events are grouped by fault type or by region, including attenuation regions delineated by Evernden and others. Estimates of the magnitude and the standard deviation of the magnitude of a prehistoric or future earthquake associated with a fault can be made by correlating M s with the logarithms of rupture length, fault displacement, or the product of length and displacement. Fault rupture area could be reliably estimated for about 20 of the events in the data set. Regression of M s on rupture area did not result in a marked improvement over regressions that did not involve rupture area. Because no subduction-zone earthquakes are included in this study, the reported results do not apply to such zones.
“PENERAPAN TEKNIK SELF-INSTRUCTION UNTUK MENGURANGI PERILAKU OFF TASK SISWA KELAS X DI SMK NEGERI 12 SURABAYA”

Kebiasaan perilaku off task adalah semua tingkah laku atau tindakan siswa yang tidak berhubungan dengan kegiatan belajar mengajar dan memalingkan perhatian dari tugas yang harus dikerjakannya ketika berada di dalam kelas. Kebiasaan perilaku off task bisa memicu masalah seperti tidak mudah fokus terhadap pelajaran, suka menganggu teman di kelas dan bisa menurunkan prestasi belajar siswa. Kondisi ini yang terjadi pada siswa kelas X di SMK Negeri 12 Surabaya. Metode pengumpulan data yaitu dengan observasi, wawancara. Observasi digunakan untuk mengetahui fase Baseline dan fase Intervensi terhadap subyek, sedangkan wawancara digunakan untuk mengetahui perkembangan setelah diberikan fase Intervensi. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk menguji penerapan teknik self-instruction untuk mengurangi perilaku off task siswa kelas X di SMK Negeri 12 Surabaya. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian pra-eksperimental dengan jumlah subyek tiga orang. Desain penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan Single Subject Design dengan menggunakan desain A-B. Teknik pengambilan sample dengan purposive non random. Teknik analisis data menggunakan analisis visual dalam kondisi yaitu menganalisis perubahan data dalam satu kondisi yaitu dalam kondisi Baseline atau kondisi intervensi. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian yang dilakukan ada perubahan skor pada fase baseline dan fase intervensi yaitu pada level stabilitas subyek A fase baseline (A) 50% menjadi 25% pada fase intervensi (B), subyek N pada fase baseline (A) 50% menjadi 41% pada fase intervensi (B), dan subyek P pada fase baseline (A) 16% menjadi 58% pada fase intervensi (B). Sedangkan level perubahan level menunjukan pada subyek A membaik (+) , pada subyek N membaik (+), dan subyek P juga membaik (+). Maka dengan begitu diketahui bahwa adanya perubahan skor kebiasaan perilaku off task siswa sebelum dan sesudah diberikan konseling individu melalui teknik self-instruction. Kata kunci : teknik self-instruction, perilaku off task
6.1-ATM MELTING STUDY OF A LEG 142 BASALT: IMPLICATIONS FOR FRACTIONATION PROCESSES BENEATH THE EAST PACIFIC RISE AT 9°30 N1

A series of 1 -atm phase equilibrium experiments was conducted on a moderately evolved normal mid-ocean ridge basalt sampled during drilling of the East Pacific Rise (EPR) ridge crest at 9°30'N. The compositions of olivine-plagioclase-clinopyroxene-saturated liquids are used to define the position of a 1-atm cotectic boundary curve on an olivine-clinopyroxene-quartz pseudo-ternary projection diagram. Comparison of this boundary curve with the projected positions of natural lavas erupted along this same portion of the EPR suggests a fractional crystallization origin at somewhat elevated pressures. The actual fractionation pressure is estimated at 1.9 ± 0.3 kb based on (1) a comparison of observed and predicted CaO-MgO variation slopes as a function of pressure, and (2) an estimation of the pressure at which the liquidus of the starting basalt composition is multiply saturated with olivine, Plagioclase, and clinopyroxene. The above pressure estimate places the location of fractional crystallization within the lower crust and well beneath the axial magma chamber that exists about 1.5 km beneath the seafloor. Given that little to no fractional crystallization occurs within the axial magma chamber, it is suggested that fractional crystallization occurs during upward melt migration as rising melts pass through and interact with solid and partially crystalline material in the roots of the magmatic system
Brand Knowledge, Trust and Loyalty – A Conceptual Model of Destination Branding

The present study conceptualizes a destination branding model that reflects the process of tourist decision making. The model integrates key sequential concepts such as brand knowledge, brand trust, and brand loyalty. Destination brand knowledge is further defined by its constituents of brand awareness, cognitive brand image, and affective brand image. The concept of brand trust is defined in the context of risk and expectations. Brand loyalty is operationalized as behavioral intention to visit/revisit or make a referral. The conceptual model results from the systheses of literature in the fields of general branding and marketing, psychology, sociology, and consmer behavior, as well as tourism. Both theorectical and empirical works were consulted in structuring the model and specification of its various concepts. Theoretical contributions of the model are discussed.
Fermionic Fields with Mass Dimension One as Supersymmetric Extension of the O'Raifeartaigh Model

The objective of this thesis is to derive a supersymmetric Lagrangian for fermionic fields with mass dimension one and to discuss their coupling to the O’Raifeartaigh model which is the simplest model permitting supersymmetry breaking. In addition it will be shown that eigenspinors of the charge conjugation operator (ELKO) exhibit a different transformation behaviour under discrete symmetries than previously assumed. The calculations confirm that ELKO spinors are not eigenspinors of the parity operator and satisfy (CPT ) = −I which identifies them as representation of a nonstandard Wigner class. However, it is found that ELKO spinors transform symmetrically under parity instead of the previously assumed asymmetry. Furthermore, it is demonstrated that ELKO spinors transform asymmetrically under time reversal which is opposite to the previously reported symmetric behaviour. These changes affect the (anti)commutation relations that are satisfied by the operators acting on ELKO spinors. Therefore, ELKO spinors satisfy the same (anti)commutation relations as Dirac spinors, even though they belong to two different representations of the Lorentz group. Afterwards, a supersymmetric model for fermionic fields with mass dimension one based on a general superfield with one spinor index is formulated. It includes the systematic derivation of all associated chiral and anti-chiral superfields up to third order in covariant derivatives. Starting from these fundamental superfields a supersymmetric on-shell Lagrangian that contains a kinetic term for the fermionic fields with mass dimension one is constructed. This on-shell Lagrangian is subsequently used to derive the on-shell supercurrent and to successfully formulate a consistent second quantisation for the component fields. In addition, the Hamiltonian in position space that corresponds to the supersymmetric Lagrangian is calculated. As the Lagrangian is by construction supersymmetric and the second quantisation of the component fields is consistent with their general supertranslations, the Hamiltonian is positive definite. This is confirmed by the results for the Hamiltonian in momentum space and the derivation of the creation and annihilation operators in momentum space. Based on these results, fermionic fields with mass dimension one represent an intriguing candidate for supersymmetric dark matter. As an application the coupling of the fermionic fields with mass dimension one to the O’Raifeartaigh model is discussed. It turns out that the coupled model has two distinct
A cognitive architecture for Robotic hand posture learning

This paper deals with the design and implementation of a visual control of a robotic system composed of a dexterous hand and video camera. The aim of the proposed system is to reproduce the movements of a human hand in order to learn complex manipulation tasks or to interact with the user. A novel algorithm for robust and fast fingertips localization and tracking is presented. A suitable kinematic hand model is adopted to achieve a fast and acceptable solution to an inverse kinematics problem. The system is part of a cognitive architecture for posture learning that integrates the perceptions by a high-level representation of the scene and of the observed actions. The anthropomorphic robotic hand imitates the gestures acquired by the vision system in order to learn meaningful movements, to build its knowledge by different conceptual spaces, and to perform complex interactions with the human operator.
Resolving Shallow Shear‐Wave Velocity Structure beneath Station CBN by Waveform Modeling of the Mw 5.8 Mineral, Virginia, Earthquake Sequence

Abstract The 23 August 2011 M w 5.8 Mineral, Virginia, earthquake was the largest earthquake in the central and eastern United States in the past 100 years, and it was well recorded by strong motion and broadband seismometers, thus providing abundant ground‐motion data for earthquake ground‐motion studies. The largest recorded ground motion among Advanced National Seismic System stations was at station CBN, but the site effects at station CBN need to be understood because the strong motions recorded there do not represent bedrock site conditions. On the radial component of these recordings, the initial P wave is very weak, and is followed by a strong signal 0.3 s later, which is interpreted to be the S wave converted from the P wave ( PS ) at the interface between the sediments and bedrock. We first estimate the subsurface shear‐wave velocity by modeling the ratio of the radial to vertical components of the initial P waves, and then resolve the velocity structure and thickness of the unconsolidated sediments by modeling the PS wave. The subsurface shear‐wave velocity is found to be approximately 300 m/s, consistent with field survey results. The shear‐wave velocity at the bottom of the sediments is constrained to be in the range of 320∼780 m/s, from which the thickness of the layer is estimated to be 100∼230 m. The estimates of shear‐wave velocity structure and thickness of the sediments are further improved by modeling the oscillatory waveforms between the P and S waves. This study suggests that site characterization for the estimation of ground‐motion amplification at a site can be achieved inexpensively and noninvasively by modeling local P waveforms recorded at the site.
Brief Clinical Report Double Missense Mutation in Exon 41 of the Human Dystrophin Gene Detected by Double Strand Conformation Analysis

Screening for point mutations of the dystrophin geneis widely used for Duchenne muscular dystrophy(DMD) and Becker muscular dystrophy (BMD) pa-tients who show no intragenic alteration of the gene.However, the occurrence of dystrophinopathies withvariant clinical expression [Gospe et al., 1989; Bushbyet al., 1991; Servidei et al., 1993; Heald et al., 1994;Palmucci et al., 1994] suggests that screening of alldystrophinopathies for dystrophin gene point muta-tions may be of considerable clinical value. The presentreport deals with a patient manifesting late-onsetBecker muscular dystrophy, in whom mutation screen-ing was motivated by detection of unusually high se-rum creatine kinase (CK) levels in the patient’s twoapparently healthy brothers.
Efficient Laplace-Domain Modeling Using Adaptive Meshing for Foothill Environments

Laplace-domain waveform inversion with an acoustic wave equation can be efficiently utilized for elastic datasets. In describing foothill environments, grid intervals must be sufficiently small to approximate the undulating landform, which increases the size of the global matrix and hinders the practical implicit modeling algorithm (particularly when addressing large-scale exploration environment). To solve this problem in foothill environments, we propose the Laplace-domain modeling algorithm with efficient adaptive meshing. In this study, irregular triangles are used to formulate the mesh to precisely describe the complex irregular topography instead of the conventional staircase approximation. In addition, irregular elements facilitate the efficient adaptive meshing which generates the larger size elements for the deeper areas. In this paper, we briefly review the properties of the Laplace-domain wavefield. Subsequently, we describe the method generating the adaptive mesh with triangles for foothill environments in detail. Finally, computing performance is analyzed in a 2-d domain with the algorithm verification.
Time markers for the evolution and exhumation history of a Late Palaeozoic paired metamorphic belt in North-Central Chile (34°-35°30′S)

A multi-method geochronological approach is applied to unravel the dynamics of a paired metamorphic belt in the Coastal Cordillera of central Chile. This is represented by high-pressure - low-temperature rocks of an accretionary prism (Western Series), and a low-pressure- high-temperature overprint in the retro-wedge with less deformed metagreywackes (Eastern Series) intruded by magmas of the coeval arc. A pervasive transposition foliation formed in metagreywackes and interlayered oceanic crust of the Western Series during basal accretion near metamorphic peak conditions (∼350-400°C, 7-11 kbar) at 292-319 Ma (
The Effect of Feedback and Feedforward on Formation Iss

A new type of stability of leader follower formations is defined, based on input-to-state stability (ISS) properties of cascade interconnections. Formation ISS links leader input to internal state of the formation and characterizes the way this input affects performance. The effect of feedforward and feedback inter-agent communication is then investigated in this framework and it is indicated how the structure of interconnec-tions and the amount of available information can affect stability performance.
Airflow and Micro-Particle Transport and Deposition in Realistic Lung Airways including the Alveolar Region

LI, ZHENG. Airflow and Micro-Particle Transport and Deposition in Realistic Lung Airways including the Alveolar Region. (Under the direction of Dr. Clement Kleinstreuer). People may inhale 100 millions of particles each day, including toxic particulate matter as well as drug aerosols. Some of those deposited in the respiratory system can be either harmful or therapeutic to humans depending upon the particle material, deposition site, and local concentration. These transport and deposition phenomena as well as the resulting biomedical processes are greatly determined by the airflow field, particle properties, breathing pattern, and geometric airway characteristics. Realistic models of tracheobronchial and nasal/oraltracheobronchial airways were built. Airflow and particle transport and deposition in these airway models were investigated in detail by mainly using the validated, in-house FORTRAN code CFPD (computational fluid-particle dynamics), which is a cell-centered, finite volume multiblock code. Both laminar and transitional-turbulent-laminar flows were considered for different transient and steady inhalation flow rates and inlet velocity profiles. The resulting effects of transients, upstream conditions and geometric characteristics, i.e., spatial angle and/or cartilaginous rings, are fully discussed. A new code based on the lattice-Boltzmann method (LBM) has been developed and validated to investigate airflow patterns and pressure changes in representative alveolar structures of the human respiratory zone. The new idea of targeted drug aerosol delivery technology was numerically tested for a more realistic human airway configuration and thereby addressing the problem of intersubject variability. Specifically, controlled air-particle streams were studied using the oral and asymmetric tracheobronchial airway models. The results were compared with data obtained for a symmetric Weibel Type A tracheobronchial airway model. AIRFLOW AND MICRO-PARTICLE TRANSPORT AND DEPOSITION IN REALISTIC LUNG AIRWAYS INCLUDING THE ALVEOLAR REGION by ZHENG LI A dissertation submitted to the Graduate Faculty of North Carolina State University in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy MECHANICAL AND AEROSPACE ENGINEERING
A general model for mass-growth-density relations across tree-dominated communities

A general allometric scaling model predicts that plant body mass MT will scale as the −4/3 power of plant density N. Here, we show how this model predicts numerous other scaling attributes of plant populations and communities, including annual growth rate GT, standing leaf biomass ML, basal stem diameter D, and above- and below-ground biomass, MSH and MR. These predictions are consistent with the ‘Law of Constant Yield’ (i.e. productivity is independent of plant density). Analysis of worldwide databases for woody plant-dominated communities spanning seven orders of magnitude in MT and five orders of magnitude in N provides strong support of all of the model’s predictions. Our model thus offers a theoretical basis for understanding and predicting the effects of crowding on plant size, growth and biomass partitioning across diverse ecological communities.
Cis-elements for Notch-dependent expression and autoregulation of Drosophila AP-2 in developing leg and antenna

Transcription factor AP-2 family genes have important roles in limb, orofacial and nervous system development in vertebrates and Drosophila. Null mutations in dAP-2, the sole AP-2 gene in Drosophila, cause severe leg shortening, loss of tarsal joints, and defects in proboscis, antenna, and central nervous system development. Drosophila is an excellent model system for genetic and bioinformatic analysis of regulatory gene networks within which AP-2 transcription factors function in developing tissues. This doctoral thesis describes research I have carried out using molecular genetic, transgenic, and comparative genomics approaches to identify cis-elements in dAP-2 that mediate its expression in developing leg and antenna (i.e., leg and antennal imaginal discs) of Drosophila. Previous studies showed that dAP-2 is expressed along the proximodistal (PD) axis of the developing leg in a segmental pattern representing future leg joints, and that dAP-2 expression in presumptive tarsal joints (4 distal-most joints) was dependent on Notch signaling. I have extended these findings by showing that dAP-2 is expressed in leg and antennal discs in nine and eight PD-axis domains, respectively; and that, in both disc types, the four distal-most dAP-2 expression domains require Notch signaling, while the remaining more proximal domains do not. I have identified two enhancers on dAP-2 genomic fragments BXE and E6 that activate reporter gene expression in distal (BXE) or proximal regions (E6) of leg and antennal discs in patterns coincident with endogenous dAP-2 expression. Both enhancers function preferentially with the dAP-2 exon 1a promoter. BXE contains multiple sub-fragments that act synergistically to mediate Notch-dependent activation and positive autoregulation by dAP-2 itself. Two essential binding sites for Suppressor of Hairless (Su(H), the transcription factor which transduces target gene effects of Notch signaling) and one essential binding site for dAP-2 were identified by phylogenetic footprinting, electrophoresis mobility shift assay (EMSA), site-directed mutagenesis and in vivo reporter gene analysis. These findings prove that dAP-2 is a direct target of Notch signaling in presumptive tarsal joints. Genome wide searches for other genes that conserve sequences found in BXE and E6 may identify gene batteries with roles in morphological diversification of proximal versus distal regions of the leg and antenna.
Quality Assessment of Stereoscopic Images

Recommended by Stefano Tubaro Several metrics have been proposed in literature to assess the perceptual quality of two-dimensional images. However, no similar effort has been devoted to quality assessment of stereoscopic images. Therefore, in this paper, we review the different issues related to 3D visualization, and we propose a quality metric for the assessment of stereopairs using the fusion of 2D quality metrics and of the depth information. The proposed metric is evaluated using the SAMVIQ methodology for subjective assessment. Specifically, distortions deriving from coding are taken into account and the quality degradation of the stereopair is estimated by means of subjective tests.
ECOTOXIC EFFECTS OF WET WEATHER DISCHARGES IN AN URBAN STREAM

The urban stream Store Vejlea (Denmark), which receives discharges of urban runoff, was investigated using a combination of biological toxicity tests (biotests) and chemical analysis. The urban stormwater and road runoff did not affect the mobilization of Daphnia magna, whereas three of the samples gave low, but statistically significant, effects on the reproduction of the alga Pseudokirchneriella subcapitata . In all pre-concentrated water samples toxic effects were found with EC10-values ranging from pre-concentration factors of 1.7 -43 times and differences in toxicity depending on time and location of sampling were identified (e.g. inlet of road runoff was more toxic than inlet of storm water from an urban area). No toxicity was detected in an unpolluted reference sample pre-concentrated 100 times. Undiluted pore water samples from sediments collected in the stream were all toxic towards the algae and dilutions from 4-14 times were needed to reduce the growth rate inhibition to 20%. To reduce the toxicity of a pore water sample from an unpolluted stream a dilution factor of only 1.6 was required. A qualitative correlation between the toxicity of the pore water and the degree of pollution as evidenced by the metal concentration was observed, but statistically significant correlations could not be established by ranking procedures of e.g. metal content or PAH-concentrations versus the observed toxicity.