Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Predicting the health risks related to whole-body vibration and shock: a comparison of alternative assessment methods for high-acceleration events in vehicles

In this paper, alternative assessment methods for whole-body vibration and shocks are compared by means of 70 vibration samples measured from 13 work vehicles, deliberately selected to represent periods containing shocks. Five methodologies (ISO 2631-1:1997, BS 6841:1987, ISO 2631-5:2004, DIN SPEC 45697:2012 and one specified by Gunston [2011], ‘G-method’) were applied to the vibration samples. In order to compare different evaluation metrics, limiting exposures were determined by calculating times to reach the upper limit thresholds given in the methods. Over 10-fold shorter times to exposure thresholds were obtained for the tri-axial VDV (BS 6841) than for the dominant r.m.s. (ISO 2631-1) when exposures were of high magnitude or contained substantial shocks. Under these exposure conditions, the sixth power approaches (ISO 2631-5, DIN SPEC, G-method) are more stringent than a fourth power VDV method. The r.m.s. method may lead to misleading outcomes especially if a lengthy measurement includes a small number of severe impacts. In conclusion, methodologies produce different evaluations of the vibration severity depending on the exposure characteristics, and the correct method must be selected. Practitioner Summary: Health risks related to whole-body vibration and high acceleration events may be predicted by means of several different methods. This study compares five such methods giving emphasis on their applicability in the presence of shocks. The results showed significant discrepancies between the risk assessments, especially for the most extreme exposures.
Rheological analysis of MWCNT, TiO2, CuO based Nano—Fluids under varying temperatures and concentrations

The present work aims to determine the effect of Nanoparticles in Water - Ethylene glycol mixture on contradictory results in literature, which includes thermo-physical property focusing on viscosity. The experimental analysis was carried out using Rheometer on Water - Ethylene glycol based Nano fluid containing 0.015 % and 0.15 % by weight concentration of cylindrical MWCNT, spherical CuO and TiO2 at 10 °C, 20 °C, 30 °C and 40 °C. The Rheometer procured result of viscosity shows that the Newtonian to shear thinning transition takes place at high shear stress range in comparison to the base fluid. At 10 °C, highest increment in the viscosity was noted by MWCNT (0.015 % by mass) over (0.15 % by mass) for CuO, 139.3 % increment and TiO2 recorded 64.73 % for (0.015 % by mass) over (0.15 % by mass). Moreover, the modified Maron and Pierce model predicted the viscosity of Nano-Fluid which in turn resulted in showing that viscosity ration of Nano-Fluid increased with increase in temperature due to the addition of high surface activity Nano particles into water-ethylene glycol mixture. The aspect ratio, Brownian motion, shear thinning and surface activity of Nano particles played a major role in the viscosity analysis.
Alcohol intake and risk of esophageal adenocarcinoma: a pooled analysis from the BEACON Consortium

Background and aims— Alcohol intake is a strong and well-established risk factor for esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC), but the association with esophageal adenocarcinoma (EA) or adjacent tumors of the esophagogastric junction (EGJA), multivariate-adjusted logistic regression models for alcohol intake in categories compared to non-drinkers. Summary risk estimates were obtained by random effects models. Results— We observed no increase in risk of EA or EGJA for increasing levels of any of the alcohol intake measures examined. ORs for the highest frequency category (≥7 drinks per day) were 0.97 (95% CI = 0.68-1.36) for EA and 0.77 (95% CI = 0.54-1.10) for EGJA. Suggestive findings linked moderate intake (e.g. 0.5 to <1 drinks per day) to decreased risk of EA (OR = 0.63 95% CI = 0.41-0.99) and EGJA (OR = 0.78; 95% CI = 0.62-0.99). In contrast, alcohol intake was strongly associated with increased risk of ESCC (OR for ≥7 drinks per day= 9.62, 95%CI=4.26-21.71). Conclusions— In contrast to ESCC, higher alcohol consumption was not associated with increased risk of either EA or EGJA. The apparent inverse association observed with moderate alcohol intake should be evaluated in future prospective studies.
North Atlantic climate variability: phenomena, impacts and mechanisms

Variability of the North Atlantic Oscillation and the Tropical Atlantic dominate the climate of the North Atlantic sector, the underlying ocean and surrounding continents on interannual to decadal time scales. Here we review these phenomena, their climatic impacts and our present state of understanding of their underlying cause. Copyright © 2001 Royal Meteorological Society
Computational emergence and developmental emergence : a sobering survey

Some fifteen years ago (Leiser,1979), emergence was difficult to conceptualize: developmental psychology consisted of two unconnected components. On the one hand, an increasing number of studies documented the various stages in the acquisition of this or that domain. The description of the stages was couched in natural language, or with the help of algebraic or programming languages. On the other hand, there were some theories, notably Piaget's, that described in general terms the way cognitive development might proceed. It was impossible to say much about emergence, beyond somewhat metaphoric cybernetic statements because there was no way to describe intermediate levels.
Waste Epoxy Modified Iron Oxide-Polymer Composite Pellets: Green Strength Development and Oxide Reactivity in Ironmaking Technology*

The effect of waste epoxy blending with iron oxide-polymer composite pellets on mechanical compressive strength (crushing strength), nature of crushed pellets and extent of reduction of iron oxide in iron oxide-polymer composite pellet has been investigated in the laboratory. The mechanical compressive strength (crushing strength) of self-reduced pellets modified with and without waste epoxy was determined using a universal mechanical test equipment INSTRON 3369 operating at load cell 50 KN and crosshead speed 2mm/min. Gas analysis of the offgas was conducted on thermal decomposition products at 1600 °C using a continuous infrared gas analyser, followed by reduction studies at 1200 and 1600 °C. It was observed that incorporating waste epoxy into the green pellets results in significant improvement in the crushing strength from around 0.2 kN to over 4.0 kN. Additionally, green pellets with waste epoxy did not suffer from catastrophic pulverisation that was observed for pellets without epoxy. Gas measurements by continuous infrared gas analyser revealed significant amounts of the gaseous reducing agents CO and CH4 and minor amounts of CO2 as the major gaseous products from thermal decomposition at 1600 °C. Finally, the presence of waste epoxy in the pellet resulted in significant improvement in the extent of reduction of Fe2O3 by raw palm nut shell (PNS) and charred palm nut shell (CPNS), with measured extent of reduction increasing from 43.6% to 92.7% and from 63.3% to 96.9% at 35% replacement of PNS and CPS, respectively.
A Bayesian View on Cryo-EM Structure Determination

Three-dimensional (3D) structure determination by single-particle analysis of cryo-electron microscopy (cryo-EM) images requires many parameters to be determined from extremely noisy data. This makes the method prone to overfitting, that is, when structures describe noise rather than signal, in particular near their resolution limit where noise levels are highest. Cryo-EM structures are typically filtered using ad hoc procedures to prevent overfitting, but the tuning of arbitrary parameters may lead to subjectivity in the results. I describe a Bayesian interpretation of cryo-EM structure determination, where smoothness in the reconstructed density is imposed through a Gaussian prior in the Fourier domain. The statistical framework dictates how data and prior knowledge should be combined, so that the optimal 3D linear filter is obtained without the need for arbitrariness and objective resolution estimates may be obtained. Application to experimental data indicates that the statistical approach yields more reliable structures than existing methods and is capable of detecting smaller classes in data sets that contain multiple different structures.
Internal Impingement: A Review on a Common Cause of Shoulder Pain in Throwers

Abstract Internal impingement is a term used to describe the pathologic contact of the undersurface of the rotator cuff with the glenoid. It typically occurs in overhead athletes, particularly throwers. In these athletes, the bones and soft tissues adapt to allow these athletes to have a supraphysiologic range of motion. In many athletes, these changes may lead to symptoms of internal impingement. This article discusses the background, biomechanics, pathophysiology, clinical and radiographic assessment, treatments, and outcomes of this disorder.
The role of polyol reaction catalysts in the cure kinetics and mechanical behavior of polyurethane adhesives

ABSTRACT Polyurethane is one of the most versatile and commonly applied polymers in the world. Its properties are strongly dependent on the polyol/isocyanate structures and NCO:OH ratio, among other parameters. Additionally, the polyol structure is affected by the catalyst used for the reaction and production. The catalyst may indirectly affect the curing kinetics and mechanical strength of the PU, due to changes of polyol properties. This work evaluates the effects of two catalysts on the polyol structure and thus the effect of these polyol changes on the curing kinetics and mechanical strength of a PU adhesive. Two polyols were synthetized using the same hydroxyl-containing molecules derived from renewable natural sources, but with different types of catalysts (based on Sn or Li/Ti). The synthesized polyols were separately mixed with diphenylmethane diisocyanate in a 1.1:1 ratio of NCO to OH to form two bio-based PUs. The polyols were investigated by Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, which showed the occurrence of some changes in the chemical groups of the polyol structure for both catalysts, as well as an influence on the curing kinetics. The mechanical behavior of the PU adhesives was characterized by dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA) and peeling tests. The results show a higher curing rate and higher peeling strength for the PU adhesives obtained using the Sn-based catalyst; both adhesives showed cohesive failure.
The chemokine CCL18 causes maturation of cultured monocytes to macrophages in the M2 spectrum

The observation that human monocytes cultured in the presence of the chemokine CCL18 showed increased survival, led us to profile cytokine expression in CCL18‐stimulated versus control cultures. CCL18 caused significantly increased expression of chemokines (CXCL8, CCL2, CCL3 and CCL22), interleukin‐10 (IL‐10) and platelet‐derived growth factor, but no up‐regulation of M1 cytokines IL‐1β or IL‐12. CCL18‐stimulated monocytes matured into cells with morphological resemblance to IL‐4‐stimulated macrophages, and expressed the monocyte marker CD14 as well the M2 macrophage markers CD206 and 15‐lipoxygenase, but no mature dendritic cell markers (CD80, CD83 or CD86). Functionally, CCL18‐stimulated macrophages showed a high capacity for unspecific phagocytosis and for pinocytosis, which was not associated with an oxidative burst. These findings suggest that CCL18‐activated macrophages stand at the cross‐roads between inflammation and its resolution. The chemokines that are produced in response to CCL18 are angiogenic and attract various leucocyte populations, which sustain inflammation. However, the capacity of these cells to remove cellular debris without causing oxidative damage and the production of the anti‐inflammatory IL‐10 will initiate termination of the inflammatory response. In summary, CCL18 induces an M2 spectrum macrophage phenotype in the absence of IL‐4.
Flagellin and lipopolysaccharide up-regulation of IL-6 and CXCLi2 gene expression in chicken heterophils is mediated by ERK1/2-dependent activation of AP-1 and NF-κB signaling pathways

The Toll-like receptor agonists, flagellin (FLG) and lipopolysaccharide (LPS), stimulate chicken heterophils to induce the expression and secretion of pro-inflammatory cytokines by a mechanism involving the triggering of differential MEK-ERK signaling cascades. However, the translocation and activation of transcription factors potentially involved in the control of cytokine gene expression remains unknown. Herein, we examined the effects of FLG and LPS on the activation of the transcription factors NF-κB and AP-1 and their role in regulating heterophil activation leading to cytokine gene expression. Treatment of heterophils with either FLG or LPS induced a significant increase in DNA binding by the NF-κB family members p50, c-Rel, and RelB. Likewise, FLG and LPS induced a significant increase in DNA binding by the AP-1 family members c-Jun and JunD. The activation of both NF-κB and AP-1 was inhibited following treatment of heterophils with specific inhibitors of ERK1/2 (U0126 and PD098059), NF-κB (Bay 11-7086 and the cell-permeable NF-κB peptide, SN50), and AP-1 (Tanshinone IIA). Likewise, the up-regulation of gene expression of the pro-inflammatory cytokine, IL-6, and the inflammatory chemokine, CXCLi2, were inhibited when heterophils were treated with the same specific inhibitors. Taken together these data demonstrate that FLG and LPS stimulate the up-regulation of expression of IL-6 and CXCLi2 through an ERK1/2-dependent activation of both NF-κB and AP-1.
The Use of Phentolamine in Experimental Hemorrhagic Shocka

a From the Cardiopulmonary Laboratories of The Animal Medical Center, New York, N. Y. , and the Medical Service of Misericordia-Fordham Affiliation, Bronx, N. Y. Reprint requests to Misericordia Hospital, 600 East 233rd Street, Bronx, New York 10466 (Dr. Gould). b Chief, Cardiac-Catheterization Laboratory, Misericordia-Fordham Affiliation. c Postdoctoral Fellow. National Heart Institute, No. 5-F2-HE-31,587-02. d Anesthesiologist. The Animal Medical Center. Resident in cardiology, The Animal Medical Center. f Surgical consultant to the Animal Medical Center. Taylor et as-3 have investigated the hemodynamic effects in man of the
Compile- and Run-Time Services for Distributed Hetergeneous Reconfigurable Computing

Achieving seamless portability in reconfigurable hardware designs among vendor-specific FPGA platforms continues to be a nontrivial task. The current reliance on custom hardware wrappers and proprietary software APIs is detrimental to the efficiency of FPGA-accelerated application development. The issues with portability are compounded for distributed applications requiring multiple FPGA platform configurations. To address the problem, the USURP framework provides a standardized compile-time hardware/software interface for the design of write once, run anywhere hardware cores. Previous efforts have concentrated on the challenges of seamlessly porting applications between different RC platforms. In this paper we link the USURP standard to an RC cluster management framework, CARMA, to provide distributed heterogeneous reconfigurable computing services. To demonstrate the power of a distributed RC cluster, three case studies in distributed cryptanalysis are presented.
Quantitative analysis of errors in telecommunications software

The results from applying the NHPP (non-homogeneous Poisson process) reliability growth model, for estimation of residual errors, to the online processing software which was developed for provision of new telecommunications services are presented. It is disclosed that the NHPP model can very well be applied to the real online processing telecommunications software not only in the testing phase but also in the operation phase. How the modeling method can be used in the life-cycle of software development, including design, development, and maintenance phases, is also discussed. <<ETX>>
Utility of Laser in Lobuloplasty

1. Herd MK, Aldridge T, Colbert SD, Brennan PA. Odontogenic skin sinus: A commonly overlooked skin presentation. J Plast Reconstr Aesthet Surg 2012;65:1729‐30. 2. Peermohamed S, Barber D, Kurwa H. Diagnostic challenges of cutaneous draining sinus tracts of odontogenic origin: A case report. Dermatol Surg 2011;37:1525‐7. 3. Gupta SK, Saxena P. Cutaneous manifestation of odontogenic infection misdiagnosed as having dermatologic etiology: A report of two cases. Quintessence Int 2011;42:455‐8. 4. Kumar U, Dharmani CK, George BJ, Abraham S. Conservative management of persistent facial cutaneous sinus tract with a dental origin. BMJ Case Rep 2014;2014. pii: Bcr2014204347. 5. Rahpeyma A, Khajehahmadi S. Needle subcision: A conservative treatment for facial dimpling after elimination of odontogenic infection source: A technical note. Oral Maxillofac Surg 2014;18:415‐8.
Structural biology of MCM helicases

The eukaryotic MCM2-7 complex is recruited onto origins of replication during the G1 phase of the cell cycle and acts as the main helicase at the replication fork during the S phase. Over the last few years a number of structural reports on MCM proteins using both electron microscopy and protein crystallography have been published. The crystal structures of two (almost) full-length archaeal homologs provide the first atomic pictures of a MCM helicase. However one of the structures is at low resolution and the other is of an inactive MCM. Moreover, both proteins are monomeric in the crystal, whereas the activity of the complex is critically dependent on oligomerization. Lower resolution structures derived from electron microscopy studies are therefore crucial to complement the crystallographic analysis and to assemble the multimeric complex that is active in the cell. A critical analysis of all the structural results elucidates the potential conformational changes and dynamic behavior of MCM helicase to provide a first insight into the gamut of molecular configurations adopted during the processes of DNA melting and unwinding.
Chapter 15:Applications of Polysaccharide and Protein Based Aerogels in Thermal Insulation

In this chapter, the main focus is the thermal insulation properties of the polysaccharide and protein based aerogels. After giving insights about the thermal insulation context, several existing thermal insulation materials are briefly described. Then, cellulose, alginate, starch and chitosan, which are the main polysaccharides extensively used to produce biobased aerogels for thermal insulation applications, will be described. Their specific properties such as non-toxicity, renewability, mechanical stiffness, large aspect ratio and flexibility make them interesting candidates for the design of new materials such as aerogels. The main aerogel preparation protocols and the thermal insulation properties of the produced materials are summarized with their possible applications. Similar to silica aerogels, some of the polysaccharide based aerogels possess super thermal insulating properties. For example, pectin, cellulose nanofiber and chitosan based aerogels showed a thermal conductivity of 0.016, 0.015, and 0.022 W (m K)−1, respectively. In addition, the chitosan and pectin aerogels have better mechanical properties compared to traditional silica aerogels. It has been demonstrated that the thermal conductivity of the aerogels mainly depends on the density, morphology, pore size, pore volume, and surface area. A few attempts have been carried out with proteins, they will be discussed in this chapter. Many studies highlighted challenges (e.g., overcoming the radiative effect, improving hydrophobicity, being resistant to fire and having good mechanical stability) to develop successful polysaccharide and protein based aerogels for insulation applications. To overcome these challenges, some possible routes are briefly discussed in this chapter.
Blood pressure components and the risk for end-stage renal disease and death in chronic kidney disease.

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES Mean arterial pressure has been used in clinical trials in nephrology to randomly assign and treat patients, yet the pulsatile component of BP is recognized to influence outcomes in older people. I examined the unique contributions of systolic (SBP) and diastolic BP (DBP) on the risk for ESRD and death in patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD). DESIGN, SETTING, PARTICIPANTS, & MEASUREMENTS A single-center, prospective cohort study was conducted of 218 veterans with CKD (22% black, 4% women, mean age 68 yr, clinic BP 154.1 +/- 25.1/85.2 +/- 13.9 mmHg, 48% with diabetes). RESULTS During follow-up of up to 7 yr, 63 patients had ESRD and 102 patients died. Compared with those with controlled SBP (<130 mmHg), patients with moderate control (130 to 149 mmHg) had hazard ratio of 3.87 and those with poor control hazard ratio of 9.09 for ESRD. DBP had no direct ability to predict ESRD. For all-cause mortality, a J-shaped relationship was seen for SBP and an inverse relationship was seen for DBP. Considered jointly in the Cox model, a higher SBP and lower DBP improved the prediction of all-cause mortality compared with either BP component alone. The presence of J curve was especially pronounced in patients with advanced CKD, absence of clinical proteinuria, or age >65 yr. CONCLUSIONS In older patients with CKD, SBP predicts ESRD and a higher SBP and lower DBP predicts all-cause mortality. Lower BP of <110/70 mmHg is a marker of higher mortality in older individuals with advanced CKD.
Investigation on the Thin Film Nanocomposite Ceramic-Polymer to Patch Antenna

In this paper, an investigation of the highpermittivity ceramic-polymer composite antenna is performed using Barium Titanate, BaTiO3 nanocomposite ceramic powder mixed with polymer composite of polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS). The ceramic-polymer composite, PDMS-BaTiO3 thin film layer was formed through a spin coating process on the top and the bottom layer of the PDMS substrate for the antenna design in order to achieve an overall antenna size reduction. The proposed patch antennas using the ceramic-polymer composite were analysed at a resonant frequency of 2.45 GHz for WLAN applications regarding antenna performance on return loss, gain, bandwidth, radiation efficiency, and voltage standing wave ratio (VSWR). Two different experimental compositions of 15% and 25% PDMS-BaTiO3 thin film substrate were prepared in the proposed design to create soft, hydrophobic, flexible, resistance against corrosion and lightweight antenna. Significantly, from theoretical analysis and simulation results, it was demonstrated that ferroelectric ceramic-polymer material leads up to 84 % size reduction without having to compromise other antenna performance parameters.