Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Locally anomaly detection in crowded scenes using Locality constrained Linear Coding

The investigation surrounding recent Stockholm and New York terrorist attack enforced this research to emphasize on anomaly detection. This paper describes the main part of an ongoing study through anomaly detection and localization which aims to improve anomaly localization accuracy. The sparsity constraint used in most recent anomaly detection researches is replaced with Locality-constrained Linear Coding. Locality-constrained Linear Coding (LLC) reconstruction cost criterion is designed to detect anomalies that occur in video locally. Implementing this method, the obtained experimental results approves considerable improvement regarding localization.
Nanoimprint Lithography: Methods and Material Requirements

Nanoimprint lithography (NIL) is a nonconventional lithographic technique for high‐throughput patterning of polymer nanostructures at great precision and at low costs. Unlike traditional lithographic approaches, which achieve pattern definition through the use of photons or electrons to modify the chemical and physical properties of the resist, NIL relies on direct mechanical deformation of the resist material and can therefore achieve resolutions beyond the limitations set by light diffraction or beam scattering that are encountered in conventional techniques. This Review covers the basic principles of nanoimprinting, with an emphasis on the requirements on materials for the imprinting mold, surface properties, and resist materials for successful and reliable nanostructure replication.
Non‐native Ants Are Smaller than Related Native Ants

I compare the sizes of non‐native and native ants to evaluate how worker size may be related to the ability of a species to invade new habitats. I compare the size of 78 non‐native ant species belonging to 26 genera with the size of native congeneric species; native ants are larger than non‐native ants in 22 of 26 genera. Ants were sorted by genera into fighting and nonfighting groups, based on observations of interspecific interactions with other ant species. In all of the genera with monomorphic worker castes that fight during competition, the non‐native species were smaller than the native species. The genera that engage in combat had a higher frequency of significantly smaller size in non‐native ants. I selected Wasmannia auropunctata for further studies, to compare native and non‐native populations. Specimens of W. auropunctata from non‐native populations were smaller than conspecific counterparts from its native habitat. I consider hypotheses to explain why non‐native ants are smaller in size than native ants, including the role of colony size in interspecific fights, changes in life history, the release from intraspecific fighting, and climate. The discovery that fighting non‐natives are smaller than their closest native relatives may provide insight into the mechanisms for success of non‐native species, as well as the role of worker size and colony size during interspecific competition.
Learning folksonomies from task-oriented dialogues

A dialogue system allows a human to interact with a computer, through the natural language. One of the main components of a dialogue system is the Conceptual Model. The Conceptual Model represents a domain and its specification is given by several forms of knowledge representation. We propose to represent it using folksonomies. We describe a method called FolksDialogue that performs the learning of folksonomies from task-oriented dialogues. In order to check whether the structures created by the method are genuine folksonomies, we performed an experiment to prove that they have the small-world phenomenon, which is a characteristic of folksonomies. The generated folksonomies can be useful in the interpretation of dialogue utterances, indicating whether the utterances belong or not to the domains that the folksonomies represent. The experiments show that the folksonomies learned can perform the interpretation of utterances with an accuracy of 69.20%.
Altered Gray Matter Volume and Resting-State Connectivity in Individuals With Internet Gaming Disorder: A Voxel-Based Morphometry and Resting-State Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging Study

Neuroimaging studies on the characteristics of individuals with Internet gaming disorder (IGD) have been accumulating due to growing concerns regarding the psychological and social problems associated with Internet use. However, relatively little is known about the brain characteristics underlying IGD, such as the associated functional connectivity and structure. The aim of this study was to investigate alterations in gray matter (GM) volume and functional connectivity during resting state in individuals with IGD using voxel-based morphometry and a resting-state connectivity analysis. The participants included 20 individuals with IGD and 20 age- and sex-matched healthy controls. Resting-state functional and structural images were acquired for all participants using 3 T magnetic resonance imaging. We also measured the severity of IGD and impulsivity using psychological scales. The results show that IGD severity was positively correlated with GM volume in the left caudate (p < 0.05, corrected for multiple comparisons), and negatively associated with functional connectivity between the left caudate and the right middle frontal gyrus (p < 0.05, corrected for multiple comparisons). This study demonstrates that IGD is associated with neuroanatomical changes in the right middle frontal cortex and the left caudate. These are important brain regions for reward and cognitive control processes, and structural and functional abnormalities in these regions have been reported for other addictions, such as substance abuse and pathological gambling. The findings suggest that structural deficits and resting-state functional impairments in the frontostriatal network may be associated with IGD and provide new insights into the underlying neural mechanisms of IGD.
Pollution, toxicity, and ecological risk of heavy metals in surface river sediments of a large basin undergoing rapid economic development

A comprehensive and detailed investigation of heavy metal pollution, toxicity, and ecological risk assessment was conducted for the surface river sediments of the Haihe Basin in China based on 220 sampling sites selected in 2013. The average concentrations of Cr, Cu, Ni, Pb, and Zn in the sediments were 129 mg/kg, 63.4 mg/kg, 36.6 mg/kg, 50.0 mg/kg, and 202 mg/kg, respectively. As indicated by the geoaccumulation and pollution load indices, most surface river sediments of the Haihe Basin were contaminated with the investigated metals, especially in the junction region of the Zi Ya He and Hei Long Gang watersheds. The 5 heavy metals in the sediments all had anthropogenic sources, and the enrichment degrees followed the order Cu > Pb > Zn > Cr > Ni, with mean enrichment factors of 3.27, 2.77, 2.58, 1.81, and 1.44, respectively. According to the mean index of comprehensive potential ecological risk (38.9), the studied sediments of the Haihe Basin showed low potential ecological risk, but the sediments were potentially biologically toxic based on the mean probable effect concentration quotient (0.547), which may be the result of speciation of the 5 metals in the sediments. The results indicate that heavy metal pollution should be considered during the development of ecological restoration strategies in the Haihe Basin. Environ Toxicol Chem 2017;36:1149–1155. © 2016 SETAC
Minimal Resin Embedding of Multicellular Specimens for Targeted FIB-SEM Imaging

Correlative light and electron microscopy (CLEM) is a powerful tool to perform ultrastructural analysis of targeted tissues or cells. The large field of view of the light microscope (LM) enables quick and efficient surveys of the whole specimen. It is also compatible with live imaging, giving access to functional assays. CLEM protocols take advantage of the features to efficiently retrace the position of targeted sites when switching from one modality to the other. They more often rely on anatomical cues that are visible both by light and electron microscopy. We present here a simple workflow where multicellular specimens are embedded in minimal amounts of resin, exposing their surface topology that can be imaged by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). LM and SEM both benefit from a large field of view that can cover whole model organisms. As a result, targeting specific anatomic locations by focused ion beam-SEM (FIB-SEM) tomography becomes straightforward. We illustrate this application on three different model organisms, used in our laboratory: the zebrafish embryo Danio rerio, the marine worm Platynereis dumerilii, and the dauer larva of the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans. Here we focus on the experimental steps to reduce the amount of resin covering the samples and to image the specimens inside an FIB-SEM. We expect this approach to have widespread applications for volume electron microscopy on multiple model organisms.
Deep Learning in Medical Imaging: General Overview

The artificial neural network (ANN)–a machine learning technique inspired by the human neuronal synapse system–was introduced in the 1950s. However, the ANN was previously limited in its ability to solve actual problems, due to the vanishing gradient and overfitting problems with training of deep architecture, lack of computing power, and primarily the absence of sufficient data to train the computer system. Interest in this concept has lately resurfaced, due to the availability of big data, enhanced computing power with the current graphics processing units, and novel algorithms to train the deep neural network. Recent studies on this technology suggest its potentially to perform better than humans in some visual and auditory recognition tasks, which may portend its applications in medicine and healthcare, especially in medical imaging, in the foreseeable future. This review article offers perspectives on the history, development, and applications of deep learning technology, particularly regarding its applications in medical imaging.
Benzene

This article proposes Benzene, an energy-efficient distributed SRAM/STT-RAM hybrid cache for manycore systems running multiple applications. It is based on the observation that a naïve application of hybrid cache techniques to distributed caches in a manycore architecture suffers from limited energy reduction due to uneven utilization of scarce SRAM. We propose two-level optimization techniques: intra-bank and inter-bank. Intra-bank optimization leverages highly associative cache design, achieving more uniform distribution of writes within a bank. Inter-bank optimization evenly balances the amount of write-intensive data across the banks. Our evaluation results show that Benzene significantly reduces energy consumption of distributed hybrid caches.
Knowledge expectations of orthopaedic patients

AIM To describe and compare knowledge expectations and received knowledge in elective orthopaedic surgery patients. BACKGROUND Population aging, increasing incidence of osteoarthritis, the growing number of surgical procedures, and reduced clinical stays underline the need for a new approach to patient education. DESIGN This study has a descriptive, comparative design. METHODS Data were collected from 263 patients who had total hip and knee replacement elective surgery during 3 years (2009-2012) in 5 public hospitals in Spain. The Knowledge Expectation of Hospital Patients and the Received Knowledge of Hospital Patients Scales were used to collect data. The questionnaires were filled before hospital admission, at discharge and at follow-up 6 to 7 months later. RESULTS Surgical patients received less knowledge than they expected. Patients' expectations were only met in the functional dimension. At follow-up, patients reported that they perceived having acquired more knowledge during their hospital stay than they reported at the time of discharge. Knowledge expectations and knowledge received were related to employment status, gender, and previous contact experience with the hospital. CONCLUSION Knowledge expectations were not met, and results showed the need to improve education for orthopaedic patients throughout the perioperative process, not only during hospitalization.
Current Approaches to Bone Tissue Engineering: The Interface between Biology and Engineering

The successful regeneration of bone tissue to replace areas of bone loss in large defects or at load‐bearing sites remains a significant clinical challenge. Over the past few decades, major progress is achieved in the field of bone tissue engineering to provide alternative therapies, particularly through approaches that are at the interface of biology and engineering. To satisfy the diverse regenerative requirements of bone tissue, the field moves toward highly integrated approaches incorporating the knowledge and techniques from multiple disciplines, and typically involves the use of biomaterials as an essential element for supporting or inducing bone regeneration. This review summarizes the types of approaches currently used in bone tissue engineering, beginning with those primarily based on biology or engineering, and moving into integrated approaches in the areas of biomaterial developments, biomimetic design, and scalable methods for treating large or load‐bearing bone defects, while highlighting potential areas for collaboration and providing an outlook on future developments.
TNF‐α‐Induced NOD2 and RIP2 Contribute to the Up‐Regulation of Cytokines Induced by MDP in Monocytic THP‐1 Cells

Nucleotide‐binding oligomerization domain containing 2 (NOD2)‐induced signal transduction and cytokine production is regulated by a number of factors. However, the feedback effect of the pro‐inflammatory TNF‐α on NOD2‐induced inflammation is not fully understood. In this study, we found unexpectedly that TNF‐α up‐regulated NOD2 ligand MDP‐induced production of the CXC chemokines, including CXCL1, 2, and 8, and the pro‐inflammatory cytokines, including IL‐1β, IL‐6, and TNF‐α, in a dose‐dependent manner at both mRNA and protein levels in monocytic THP‐1 cells. Though TNF‐α induced the up‐regulation of ubiquitin‐editing enzyme A20, an important negative regulator for Toll‐like receptor‐ and NOD2‐induced inflammatory responses, the over‐expression of A20 by gene transfer did not reversed MDP‐induced production of cytokines, suggested that A20 did not regulate the functions of NOD2 in THP‐1 cells. Meanwhile, we found that TNF‐α up‐regulated NOD2 and its down‐stream adaptor protein RIP2 at both mRNA and protein levels. MDP induced the activation of ERK, JNK, p38 and NF‐κB, and TNF‐α pre‐treatment augmented this activation. The results from pharmacological inhibition assay showed that cytokine production was dependent on MAPK signaling. In addition, we found that the pre‐treatment of THP‐1 cells with MDP down‐regulated the mRNA levels of cytokine induced by MDP re‐treatment. MDP pre‐treatment up‐regulated NOD2, but down‐regulated RIP2, and down‐regulated NOD2 signal transduction induced by MDP re‐stimulation. Taking together, these results suggested that TNF‐α is a positive regulator for NOD2 functions via up‐regulation of NOD2 and its signal adaptor RIP2, and TNF‐α‐induced A20 does not regulate MDP‐induced inflammatory responses in THP‐1 cells. J. Cell. Biochem. 119: 5072–5081, 2018. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Development of a Multipurpose Dataset to Evaluate Potential Medication Errors in Ambulatory Settings

Abstract : Ten health maintenance organizations (HMOs) of the HMO Research Network Center for Education and Research on Therapeutics (CERT) participated in a descriptive study of the frequency of potential medication errors in ambulatory settings. This report describes the data development process and demographic information of the study subjects. As this data resource has served as the basis for seven patient safety studies, it is crucial to describe in detail the rationale for this data development scheme and the demographic and membership attrition information of the study population. Approximately 200,000 health plan members who had pharmacy benefits at anytime from January 1, 1999 through June 30 20001, were selected from each of the 10 HMOs. The study population included all of the health plan members in a randomly selected clinical practice of each HMO, resulting in a representative sample of the source population. For each study subject, claims records of drug dispensing, hospitalization, ambulatory visits, and special examinations during the 2.5-year study period were organized in a standard format at each HMO. The source data reside at each HMO, and only de- identified and processed data were combined for final analyses. In addition to supporting patient safety research, this 2-million-subject data source has been used in a number of epidemiology and health services research studies.
Nanofibrous Structure of Chitosan for Biomedical Applications

Over the past decade, there has been a strong growing interest in using several forms of chitosan, more specifically nanofibers, for various biomedical applications. Chitosan has several impressive biological characteristics including but are not limited to its great biocompatibility and biodegradability, anti-bacterial properties, and cytocompatibility. In order to create nanofibers from this natural polymer, the electrospinning has been widely used as the most effective technique to produce a stable structure. Overtime, a number of challenges have been overcome through the development of mechanically and structurally intact, biocompatible and multi-functional nanofibers. The recent progress of the nanofibrous structure of chitosan and their biomedical applications in tissue engineering, drug delivery, wound dressing, and antimicrobial are discussed.
Isothermal low cycle fatigue tests of Sn/3.5Ag/0.75Cu and 63Sn/37Pb solder joints under mixed-mode loading cases

To give a proper and accurate estimation of the fatigue life of solder joints, a mechanical fatigue test method under mixed-mode loading is proposed. The loading phase is controlled by the angle of loading direction. Experiments are conducted with 63Sn/37Pb and Sn/3.5Ag/0.75Cu solder joints. The isothermal mechanical low cycle fatigue tests were performed under several loading phases. Constant displacement controlled tests are performed using a micromechanical test apparatus. Failure patterns of the fatigue tests are observed and discussed. Morrow energy model was examined and found to be a proper low cycle fatigue model for solder joints.
Baseline Air Quality Assessment of Goods Movement Activities before the Port of Charleston Expansion: A Community-University Collaborative.

As the demand for goods continues to increase, a collective network of transportation systems is required to facilitate goods movement activities. This study examines air quality near the Port of Charleston before its expansion and briefly describes the establishment and structure of a community-university partnership used to monitor existing pollution. Particulate matter (PM) concentrations (PM2.5 and PM10) were measured using the Thermo Fisher Scientific Partisol 2000i-D Dichotomous Air Sampler, Thermo Scientific Dichotomous Sequential Air Sampler Partisol-Plus 2025-D, and Rupprecht & Patashnick TEOM Series 1400 Sampler at neighborhood (Union Heights, Rosemont, and Accabee) and reference (FAA2.5 and Jenkins Street) sites. Descriptive statistics were performed and an ANOVA (analysis of variance) was calculated to find the difference in overall mean 24-hour PM average concentrations in communities impacted by environmental injustice. PM2.5 (15.2 μg/m3) and PM10 (27.2 μg/m3) maximum concentrations were highest in neighborhoods such as Union Heights neighborhoods due to more goods movement activities. Nevertheless, there was no statistically significant difference in mean concentrations of PM2.5 and PM10 across neighborhood sites. In contrast, mean PM10 neighborhood concentrations were significantly lower than mean PM10 reference concentrations for Union Heights (p = 0.00), Accabee (p ≤ 0.0001), and Rosemont (p = 0.01). Although PM concentrations were lower than current National Ambient Air Quality Standards, this study demonstrated how community-university partners can work collectively to document baseline PM concentrations that will be used to examine changes in air quality after the port expansion brings additional goods movement activities to the area.
Nonlinear stability analysis of a perforated FGM plate under thermal load

ABSTRACT The nonlinear thermal stability analysis of a perforated Ni/Al2O3 FGM plate with temperature-dependent thermoelastic material properties is carried out through a finite element approach based on the first-order shear deformation theory and the von-Karman's nonlinear kinematics. The thermoelastic material properties of the FGM plate are varied in the thickness direction, and the Mori-Tanaka homogenization scheme is applied to evaluate these properties. After validating the results of the current formulation, parametric studies are conducted to examine the effects of temperature-dependent material properties, material in-homogeneity, cutout shape and size, edge boundary conditions, aspect and slenderness ratios on the thermal buckling and postbuckling response of perforated FGM plate.
STRENGTH DEVELOPMENT OF CEMENT MORTAR AND CONCRETE INCORPORATING GGBFS

In the present study, the effect of curing procedure on the compressive strength development of cement mortar and concrete incorporating ground granulated blast furnace slag is studied. The compressive strength development of cement mortar incorporating 20, 40 and 60 percent replacement of GGBFS for different types of sand and strength development of concrete with 20, 40 and 60 percent replacement of GGBFS on two grades of concrete is investigated. The compressive strength of cement mortar and concrete obtained at the ages of 3, 7, 28, 56, 90, 150 and 180 days. Tests results show that the incorporating 20% and 40% GGBFS is highly significant to increase the compressive strength of mortar after 28 days and 150 days respectively. The magnitude of compressive strength of mortar for standard sand is higher than the magnitude of river sand. Incorporating 60% BFS replacement is showing lower strength at all ages and water-cement ratio for both types of sand. The compressive strength of OPC concrete shows higher strength as compare to the GGBFS based concrete for all percent replacement and at all ages. Incorporating 40% GGBFS is highly significant to increase the compressive strength of concrete after 56 days than the 20 and 60% replacement. Among GGBFS based concrete 40% replacement is found to be optimum.