Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Role of Ocean Initial Conditions to Diminish Dry Bias in the Seasonal Prediction of Indian Summer Monsoon Rainfall: A Case Study Using Climate Forecast System

Coupled models tend to underestimate Indian summer monsoon (ISM) rainfall over most of the Indian subcontinent. Present study demonstrates that a part of dry bias is arising from the discrepancies in Oceanic Initial Conditions (OICs). Two hindcast experiments are carried out using Climate Forecast System (CFSv2) for summer monsoons of 2012–2014 in which two different OICs are utilized. With respect to first experiment (CTRL), second experiment (AcSAL) differs by two aspects: usage of high‐resolution atmospheric forcing and assimilation of only ARGO observed temperature and salinity profiles for OICs. Assessment of OICs indicates that the quality of OICs is enhanced due to assimilation of actual salinity profiles. Analysis reveals that AcSAL experiment showed 10% reduction in the dry bias over the Indian land region during the ISM compared to CTRL. This improvement is consistently apparent in each month and is highest for June. The better representation of upper ocean thermal structure of tropical oceans at initial stage supports realistic upper ocean stability and mixing. Which in fact reduced the dominant cold bias over the ocean, feedback to air‐sea interactions and land sea thermal contrast resulting better representation of monsoon circulation and moisture transport. This reduced bias of tropospheric moisture and temperature over the Indian land mass and also produced better tropospheric temperature gradient over land as well as ocean. These feedback processes reduced the dry bias in the ISM rainfall. Study concludes that initializing the coupled models with realistic OICs can reduce the underestimation of ISM rainfall prediction.
Spatiotemporal visualization of wind turbulence in the atmospheric boundary layer from measurements by the Stream Line lidar

Using the data of continuous measurements by the Stream Line pulsed coherent Doppler lidar for six days at the Basic Experimental Complex of the Institute of Atmospheric Optics SB RAS, we have performed the spatiotemporal visualization of wind turbulence in the atmospheric boundary layer. As a result, 4320 vertical profiles for each turbulence parameter, namely, the standard deviation of the wind velocity, the dissipation rate of the kinetic energy of turbulence, and the outer scale of turbulence, have been obtained every 2 min with a vertical step of 26 m.
The Evolution of Polarization in Online Conversation: Twitter Users’ Opinions about the COVID-19 Pandemic Become More Politicized over Time

Political polarization on social media has been extensively studied. However, most research has examined polarization about topics that have preexisting associations with ideology, while few studies have tracked the onset of polarization about novel topics or the evolution of polarization over a prolonged period. The occurrence of COVID-19 provides a unique opportunity to study whether social media discourse about a novel event becomes increasingly polarized along ideological lines over time. This paper analyzes trends in Twitter polarization in relation to COVID-19 and other geopolitical events of 2020. The first two studies use topic analysis to examine the evolving difference over time in discussions of COVID-19 and other topics by liberals and conservatives on social media. COVID-19-related polarization is initially absent but gradually increases over time, in contrast to polarization related to other events. A third study examines structural polarization in retweet networks and finds that the frequency of counterpartisan retweets reduces over time. Across all three studies, we find evidence that Twitter discussion of COVID-19 has become more polarized over time.
Analysis of the Inter-Row Flow Field Within a Transonic Axial Compressor: Part 2 — Unsteady Flow Analysis

An analysis of the experimental data, obtained by laser two-focus anemometry in the IGV-rotor inter-row region of a transonic axial compressor, is presented with the aim of improving the understanding of the unsteady flow phenomena. A study of the IGV wakes and of the shock waves emanating from the leading edge of the rotor blades is proposed. Their interaction reveals the increase in magnitude of the wake passing through the moving shock. This result is highlighted by the streamwise evolution of the wake vorticity. Moreover, the results are analyzed in terms of a time averaging procedure and the purely time-dependent velocity fluctuations which occur are quantified. It may be concluded that they are of the same order of magnitude as the spatial terms for the inlet rotor flow field. That shows that the temporal fluctuations should be considered for the 3D rotor time-averaged simulations.Copyright © 2000 by ASME
Finite Element Exterior Calculus with Applications to the Numerical Solution of the Green–Naghdi Equations

The study of finite element methods for the numerical solution of differential equations is one of the gems of modern mathematics, boasting rigorous analytical foundations as well as unambiguously useful scientific applications. Over the past twenty years, several researchers in scientific computing have realized that concepts from homological algebra and differential topology play a vital role in the theory of finite element methods. Finite element exterior calculus is a theoretical framework created to clarify some of the relationships between finite elements, algebra, geometry, and topology. The goal of this thesis is to provide an introduction to the theory of finite element exterior calculus, and to illustrate some applications of this theory to the design of mixed finite element methods for problems in geophysical fluid dynamics. The presentation is divided into two parts. Part 1 is intended to serve as a self–contained introduction to finite element exterior calculus, with particular emphasis on its topological aspects. Starting from the basics of calculus on manifolds, I go on to describe Sobolev spaces of differential forms and the general theory of Hilbert complexes. Then, I explain how the notion of cohomology connects Hilbert complexes to topology. From there, I discuss the construction of finite element spaces and the proof that special choices of finite element spaces can be used to ensure that the cohomological properties of a particular problem are preserved during discretization. In Part 2, finite element exterior calculus is applied to derive mixed finite element methods for the Green–Naghdi equations (GN). The GN extend the more well–known shallow water equations to the regime of non–infinitesimal aspect ratio, thus allowing for some non–hydrostatic effects. I prove that, using the mixed formulation of the linearized GN, approximations of balanced flows remain steady. Additionally, one of the finite element methods presented for the fully nonlinear GN provably conserves mass, vorticity, and energy at the semi–discrete level. Several computational test cases are presented to assess the practical performance of the numerical methods, including a collision between solitary waves, the motion of solitary waves over variable bottom topography, and the breakdown of an unstable balanced state.
GALAXY SED FITTING

Modelling and ﬁtting the spectral energy distribution (SED) of galaxies or regions of galaxies is one of the most useful methods available to the astronomer nowadays. By modelling the SEDs and comparing the models to the observations, we can collect important information on the physical processes at play in the formation and evolution of galaxies. The models allow to follow the evolution of the galaxies from their formation on. The versatility of code is crucial because of the diversity of galaxies. The analysis is only relevant and useful if the models can correctly reproduce this diversity now and across (as best as possible) all redshifts. On the other hand, the code needs to run fast to compare several million or tens of millions of models and to select the best (on a probabilistic basis) one that best resembles the observations. With this important point in mind, it seems logical that we should eﬃciently make use of the computer power available to the average astronomer. For instance, it seems diﬃcult, today, to model and ﬁt SEDs without a parallelized code. We present the new Python version of CIGALE SED ﬁtting code and its characteristics. CIGALE comes in two main ﬂavours: CIGALE Classic to ﬁt SEDs and CIGALE Model to create spectra and SEDs of galaxies at all redshifts. The latest can potentially be used in conjunction with galaxy evolution models of galaxy formation and evolution such as semi-analytic ones.
KORELASI INDEKS MASSA TUBUH DENGAN FORMULA MODIFICATION OF DIET IN RENAL DISEASE PADA POPULASI SEHAT

Abstrak Penelitian ini bertujuan mengetahui korelasi indeks massa tubuh (IMT) dengan estimated Glomerular Filtration Rate (eGFR) berdasarkan formula MDRD pada populasi sehat di kota Padang. Penelitian analitik dengan rancangan potong lintang ini mengikutsertakan 121 orang peserta medical check up pada beberapa rumah sakit di Kota Padang pada bulan Agustus 2013-Oktober 2014. Nilai eGFR dihitung menurut persamaan MDRD, kadar kreatinin diperiksa dengan metode enzimatik yang telah distandarisasi. Korelasi IMT dengan eGFR berdasarkan formula MDRD dianalisis menggunakan korelasi Pearson. Kemaknaan secara statistik ditentukan jika nilai p 0,05). Simpulan: tidak didapatkan korelasi antara IMT dengan eGFR berdasarkan formula MDRD. Abstract The purpose of this study was to evaluate the correlation between BMI and eGFR by MDRD formula among healthy population in Padang. This cross-sectional analytic study enrolled 121 participants taking medical check-up in several hospitals in Padang from August 2013 to October 2014. Value of eGFR was determined by MDRD formula, and a standardized enzimatic method was used for measuring creatinine levels. The correlation between BMI and eGFR by MDRD formula was analyzed using Pearson correlation. Statistical significancy was concluded if the value of p 0.05). Thus, there was no correlation between BMI and eGFR by MDRD formula.
Can We Retrieve Sea Surface Salinity With Polarimetric Radar Measurements?

Sea surface salinity (SSS) is measured operationally with radiometers [e.g., soil moisture and ocean salinity (SMOS)] with a resolution from 25 to 40 km. In this contribution, we theoretically evaluate radar sensitivity to SSS, especially we focus on synthetic aperture radar (SAR) due to its intrinsic high-resolution imaging capabilities. This work focuses first on the variations in the dielectric properties of seawater with salinity at different SAR frequency bands (P-, L-, and C-bands) and then evaluate the consequences of both on the normalized radar cross section (NRCS) and copolar phase difference (CPD). The main challenge is to disentangle the sensitivity to dielectric properties from the surface roughness contribution in the SAR backscattered signals. In line with the literature, the results show that the NRCS sensitivity with salinity increases with decreasing operating frequency. In addition, we present new theoretical results on salinity sensitivity to CPD that have not been explored in the existing literature.
Noisy Sparsity Recovery via Differential Equations

In this paper, we recover sparse signals from their noisy linear measurements by solving nonlinear differential inclusions, which is based on the notion of inverse scale space (ISS) developed in applied mathematics. Our goal here is to bring this idea to address a challenging problem in statistics, \emph{i.e.} finding the oracle estimator which is unbiased and sign-consistent using dynamics. We call our dynamics \emph{Bregman ISS} and \emph{Linearized Bregman ISS}. A well-known shortcoming of LASSO and any convex regularization approaches lies in the bias of estimators. However, we show that under proper conditions, there exists a bias-free and sign-consistent point on the solution paths of such dynamics, which corresponds to a signal that is the unbiased estimate of the true signal and whose entries have the same signs as those of the true signs, \emph{i.e.} the oracle estimator. Therefore, their solution paths are regularization paths better than the LASSO regularization path, since the points on the latter path are biased when sign-consistency is reached. We also show how to efficiently compute their solution paths in both continuous and discretized settings: the full solution paths can be exactly computed piece by piece, and a discretization leads to \emph{Linearized Bregman iteration}, which is a simple iterative thresholding rule and easy to parallelize. Theoretical guarantees such as sign-consistency and minimax optimal $l_2$-error bounds are established in both continuous and discrete settings for specific points on the paths. Early-stopping rules for identifying these points are given. The key treatment relies on the development of differential inequalities for differential inclusions and their discretizations, which extends the previous results and leads to exponentially fast recovering of sparse signals before selecting wrong ones.
Differences in Ventilation Management and Outcomes between the Two First Waves of the COVID-19 Pandemic—A Comparison between Two Nationwide Observational Studies in The Netherlands

The aim of this analysis was to compare ventilation management and outcomes in invasively ventilated patients with acute hypoxemic respiratory failure due to coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) between the first and second wave in the Netherlands. This is a post hoc analysis of two nationwide observational COVID-19 studies conducted in quick succession. The primary endpoint was ventilation management. Secondary endpoints were tracheostomy use, duration of ventilation, intensive care unit (ICU) and hospital length of stay (LOS), and mortality. We used propensity score matching to control for observed confounding factors. This analysis included 1122 patients from the first and 568 patients from the second wave. Patients in the second wave were sicker, had more comorbidities, and had worse oxygenation parameters. They were ventilated with lower positive end-expiratory pressure and higher fraction inspired oxygen, had a lower oxygen saturation, received neuromuscular blockade more often, and were less often tracheostomized. Duration of ventilation was shorter, but mortality rates were similar. After matching, the fraction of inspired oxygen was lower in the second wave. In patients with acute hypoxemic respiratory failure due to COVID-19, aspects of respiratory care and outcomes rapidly changed over the successive waves.
FORMULATION AND EVALUATION OF DISPERSIBLE TABLETS OF FLAVONOID PGAL ISOLATED FROM SARACA ASOCA LEAVES

Objective: The study aimed to design and evaluate a dispersible tablet of flavonoid PGAL isolated from Saraca asoca leaves for antidepressant activity. Methods: The phytoconstituent was isolated from a methanolic extract of Saraca asoca leaves using silica gel column (60-120 mesh) chromatography. The dispersible tablets were prepared by direct compression and then evaluated for various tablet evaluation parameters and antidepressant activity, performing Tail Suspension Test (TST), Forced Swim Test (FST), Locomotion activity, Brain glutamate level and brain nitrite level. Results: Hardness of 2.85±0.13 kg/cm2 to 3.25±0.15 kg/cm2 and friability of 0.35% to 0.48% indicate that the prepared tablets were mechanically sound. Test for weight variation was also within tolerance limits, i.e. 2.04% to 4.25% difference in weight of the tablet from the average weight of 10 tablets. The tablets also passed the test for drug content uniformity, 97.35% to 100.35%, i.e. always within the prescribed limits of 95% to 105%. Disintegration time, 2 min to 2.75 min, and dispersion time, 3.25 min to 3.75 min, were also exemplary. The antidepressant activity was displayed by the optimized formulation as indicated by a significant decrease (p<0.05) in immobility time in TST as well as FST; a significant decrease (p<0.05) in the level of brain tissue glutamate as well as nitrite in PGAL formulation treated mice when compared with negative control, as did by standard drug fluoxetine. Conclusion: The formulation has been optimized based on dispersion time. The formulation with minimum dispersion time, i.e. F1, has been considered an optimized formulation. The prepared optimized formulation was found to comply with all physical parameters and antidepressant activity.
Spectrum Sharing in Cache-Empowered Wireless Networks: Reservation-Based Versus Auction-Based Approaches

Spectrum sharing has attracted much recent attention from both industry and academia due to its significant potential of achieving high radio resource efficiency and scaling the service capability in wireless networks. However, how to fairly and efficiently share the radio spectrum or bandwidth in cache-empowered wireless networks remains open. In this paper, we present a reservation-based and an auction-based approach for dynamic spectrum access in cache-empowered wireless networks that serves both on-demand and pushing traffics. More specifically, a virtual network operator (VNO) is introduced as a spectrum access scheduler, which pays to the spectrum owner for the bandwidth it uses while charging its users for their content requests. To ensure the quality of service, a VNO is punished if it fails to satisfy a user’s request in peak time. By balancing the bandwidth cost and penalty, multiple VNOs may maximize the spectrum efficiency in a distributed manner. To further improve the spectrum efficiency in cache-empowered wireless networks, we formulate a linear program and a nonlinear program for both the reservation-based and the auction-based spectrum access, respectively. A modified deep Q-network algorithm is also presented to substantially reduce the computational complexity and to attain a distributed online spectrum sharing protocol.
Information approach for a lifetime change-point model based on the exponential-logarithmic distribution

ABSTRACT The exponential-logarithmic distribution is a distribution which has a decreasing failure function and various applications such as in biological and engineering fields. In this paper, we study a change-point problem of this distribution. A procedure based on Schwarz information criterion is proposed to detect changes in parameters of this distribution. Simulations are conducted to indicate the performance of the proposed procedure under different scenarios. Applications on two real data are provided to illustrate the detection procedure.
ARL6IP5 Ameliorates α-Synuclein Burden by Inducing Autophagy via Preventing Ubiquitination and Degradation of ATG12

Recent advanced studies in neurodegenerative diseases have revealed several links connecting autophagy and neurodegeneration. Autophagy is the major cellular degradation process for the removal of toxic protein aggregates responsible for neurodegenerative diseases. More than 30 autophagy-related proteins have been identified as directly participating in the autophagy process. Proteins regulating the process of autophagy are much more numerous and unknown. To address this, in our present study, we identified a novel regulator (ARL6IP5) of neuronal autophagy and showed that the level of ARL6IP5 decreases in the brain with age and in Parkinson’s disease in mice and humans. Moreover, a cellular model of PD (Wild type and A53T mutant α-synuclein overexpression) has also shown decreased levels of ARL6IP5. ARL6IP5 overexpression reduces α-synuclein aggregate burden and improves cell survival in an A53T model of Parkinson’s disease. Interestingly, detailed mechanistic studies revealed that ARL6IP5 is an autophagy inducer. ARL6IP5 enhances Rab1-dependent autophagosome initiation and elongation by stabilizing free ATG12. We report for the first time that α-synuclein downregulates ARL6IP5 to inhibit autophagy-dependent clearance of toxic aggregates that exacerbate neurodegeneration.
STRATEGI PENGENDALIAN PERSEDIAAN DENGAN SEGMENTASI DATA DAN CONTINUOUS REVIEW : SEBUAH LITERATURE REVIEW

Pengendalian persediaan barang farmasi merupakan aspek penting dalam manajemen rumah sakit. Anggaran untuk persediaan farmasi menempati urutan kedua terbesar setelah belanja pegawai. Sehubungan dengan hal tersebut diperlukan pengelolaan yang baik agar tercapai kondisi yang seimbang antara kinerja pelayanan dan kinerja keuangan rumah sakit. Ketersediaan stok berkualitas baik, dalam jumlah yang tepat, di tempat dan waktu yang tepat, dan dengan biaya yang tepat adalah inti dari pengendalian persediaan. Hal ini sangat dibutuhkan untuk menjamin kelancaran fungsi dan pemberian layanan di fasilitas pelayanan kesehatan. Tujuan dari makalah ini adalah untuk menyajikan tinjauan terkini tentang berbagai strategi pengendalian persediaan berdasarkan beberapa penelitian sebelumnya. Penelitian dilakukan dengan menelaah artikel penelitian dari tahun 2018 hingga 2023. Artikel yang dikaji berkaitan dengan strategi yang dilakukan rumah sakit dalam melakukan pengendalian persediaan. Proses telaah artikel dilakukan dengan metode Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) dan menghasilkan delapan artikel yang relevan dengan tujuan penelitian. Dari hasil telaah artikel didapatkan kesimpulan bahwa dalam proses pengendalian persediaan, rumah sakit perlu melakukan segmentasi data item obat berdasarkan karakteristik yang dimiliki dari segi keuangan, tingkat kekritisan, pola konsumsi maupun durasi lead time. Selain itu tinjauan berkala terhadap kondisi persediaan di rumah sakit memungkinkan rumah sakit untuk menjaga jumlah persediaan sesuai fluktuasi permintaan sehingga persediaan yang ada menjadi lebih efisien dibandingkan jika rumah sakit hanya melakukan tinjauan berdasarkan periode waktu tertentu dengan asumsi bahwa permintaan selalu konstan.
Endogeneity Test of Seed on Yield in Nigeria

Researchers treated seed technology and crop yield as exogenous, thereby generating bias estimates. In practice, seed technology increases yield and it’s stimulated by social capital and other factors. This paper develops a choice model of maize-seed exogenously, then tested and corrected for causality. A multistage sampling procedure was adopted using seven Agricultural Development Programme zones drawn from purposively selected Oyo and Osun states. A block each was randomly selected per zone. Twenty-one cells were randomly selected, then data were collected from 385 respondents using a structured questionnaire: Data were analyzed using Ordinary Least Square and Two-Stage Least Square α 0.05. Durbin score chi2(1) = 6.65 (p= 0.009) and Wu-Haussmann F (1,37) = 6.431 (p = 0.012), showed reverse causality that was resolved by the Two-Stage Least Square model. The Two-Stage Least Square result indicated that education (β=-0.53), seed quantity (β=-0.13), seed price (β=-0.08), negatively affected the choice of seed and yield while farm size (β=2.05), fertilizer (β=0.004), herbicide (β=0.22), output-price (β=0.02), meeting attendance index(β=0.02), and improved seed ((β=2.66), had a positive influence. Social capital spurs the use of improved seed, thereby increase maize yield. Consequently, active participation in social groups and the use of improved seed is recommended to increase yield.
A Report on The Incidence of Myxozoan Parasite in Schizothorax Richardsonii (Gray)
from Uttarakhand, India

The present study deals with myxozoan parasites in Schizothorax richardsonii (Gray) from spring-fed rivers Khoh, Song and Henwal in Northwestern Himalaya, India. About 132 live specimens were collected and transported to the laboratory for further investigations and examined for the presence of plasmodia. Measurements of all parameters were recorded and compared to previously available literature. The length of myxospore were found ranges between 10.87 to 11.36 µm. Though, width of spores was observed between 7.31 to 7.82 µm. The Myxozoan parasite found in the host fish belongs to the genus Myxobolus and was recognized as M. richardsonii sp.