Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The Human Cytomegalovirus IE1 Protein Antagonizes PML Nuclear Body-Mediated Intrinsic Immunity via the Inhibition of PML De Novo SUMOylation

ABSTRACT PML nuclear bodies (NBs) are accumulations of cellular proteins embedded in a scaffold-like structure built by SUMO-modified PML/TRIM19. PML and other NB proteins act as cellular restriction factors against human cytomegalovirus (HCMV); however, this intrinsic defense is counteracted by the immediate early protein 1 (IE1) of HCMV. IE1 directly interacts with the PML coiled-coil domain via its globular core region and disrupts NB foci by inducing a loss of PML SUMOylation. Here, we demonstrate that IE1 acts via abrogating the de novo SUMOylation of PML. In order to overcome reversible SUMOylation dynamics, we made use of a cell-based assay that combines inducible IE1 expression with a SUMO mutant resistant to SUMO proteases. Interestingly, we observed that IE1 expression did not affect preSUMOylated PML; however, it clearly prevented de novo SUMO conjugation. Consistent results were obtained by in vitro SUMOylation assays, demonstrating that IE1 alone is sufficient for this effect. Furthermore, IE1 acts in a selective manner, since K160 was identified as the main target lysine. This is strengthened by the fact that IE1 also prevents As2O3-mediated hyperSUMOylation of K160, thereby blocking PML degradation. Since IE1 did not interfere with coiled-coil-mediated PML dimerization, we propose that IE1 affects PML autoSUMOylation either by directly abrogating PML E3 ligase function or by preventing access to SUMO sites. Thus, our data suggest a novel mechanism for how a viral protein counteracts a cellular restriction factor by selectively preventing the de novo SUMOylation at specific lysine residues without affecting global protein SUMOylation. IMPORTANCE The human cytomegalovirus IE1 protein acts as an important antagonist of a cellular restriction mechanism that is mediated by subnuclear structures termed PML nuclear bodies. This function of IE1 is required for efficient viral replication and thus constitutes a potential target for antiviral strategies. In this paper, we further elucidate the molecular mechanism for how IE1 antagonizes PML NBs. We show that tight binding of IE1 to PML interferes with the de novo SUMOylation of a distinct lysine residue that is also the target of stress-mediated hyperSUMOylation of PML. This is of importance since it represents a novel mechanism used by a viral antagonist of intrinsic immunity. Furthermore, it highlights the possibility of developing small molecules that specifically abrogate this PML-antagonistic activity of IE1 and thus inhibit viral replication.
Object-Oriented Frameworks and Product-Lines 1

Frameworks are a common object-oriented code-structuring technique that is used in application product-lines. A framework is a set of abstract classes that embody an abstract design; a framework instance is a set of concrete classes that subclass abstract classes to provide an executable subsystem. Frameworks are designed for reuse: abstract classes encapsulate common code and concrete classes encapsulate instance-specific code. Unfortunately, this delineation of reusable v.s. instance-specific code is problematic. Concrete classes of different framework instances can have much in common and there can be variations in abstract classes, all of which lead to unnecessary code replication. In this paper, we show how to overcome these limitations by decomposing frameworks and framework instances into primitive and reusable components. Doing so reduces code replication and creates a component-based product-line of frameworks and framework instances.
The atypical M2 segment of the beta subunit confers picrotoxinin resistance to inhibitory glycine receptor channels.

Purified preparations of the inhibitory glycine receptor (GlyR) contain alpha and beta subunits, which share homologous primary structures and a common transmembrane topology with other members of the ligand‐gated ion channel superfamily. Here, a beta subunit‐specific antiserum was shown to precipitate the [3H]strychnine binding sites localized on alpha subunits from membrane extracts of both rat spinal cord and mammalian cells co‐transfected with alpha and beta cDNAs. Further, inhibition of alpha homo‐oligomeric GlyRs by picrotoxinin, a non‐competitive blocker of ion flow, was reduced 50‐ to 200‐fold for alpha/beta hetero‐oligomeric receptors generated by cotransfection. Site‐directed mutagenesis identified residues within the second predicted transmembrane segment (M2) of the beta subunit as major determinants of picrotoxinin resistance. These data implicate the M2 segment in blocker binding to and lining of the GlyR chloride channel.
Baeza-Yates and Navarro approximate string matching for spam filtering

Spam has evolved in terms of contents, methods, delivery networks and volume. Reports indicate that up to 90% of the World Wide Web email traffic is spam [1]. The contents are covering a wider range and are deviating from the conventional pharmaceuticals and adult content into more formal marketing campaigns. This illegal advertising is evolving into an underground market for bot masters who rent or sell spam agents. Progressively, spam campaigns engage new methods to ensure efficient mass delivery and dodge conventional spam detectors. They employ very complicated and vast infrastructure of Botnets and Fast Flux Networks to deliver as many emails as possible. The main concerns for spam detection process are detection and misclassification accuracies, and those remain a challenge because of the evolving techniques employed by spammers. In this paper we propose a bit-parallel string matching spam filtering system based on the improved Baeza-Yates and Navarro approximate string matching algorithm. This method has a low computational cost, is easy to implement, and has the potential to catch misspelled keywords. The proposed approach achieves 97.2% overall accuracy with a simple Naive Bayes classifier.
Synthesis, structure and phase behavior of liquid crystalline polyurethanes/

SYNTHESIS, STRUCTURE AND PHASE BEHAVIOR OF LIQUID CRYSTALLINE POLYURETHANES FEBRUARY 1993 FOTIOS PAPADIMITRAKOPOULOS,B.S., UNIVERSITY OF ATHENS, GREECE M.S., UNIVERSITY OF MASSACHUSETTS Ph. D. , UNIVERSITY OF MASSACHUSETTS Directed by: Professor William J. MacKnight This dissertation describes the synthesis, structure and phase behavior of polyurethanes based on the mesogenic biphenol 4,4*-bis(6-hydroxyhexoxy)biphenyl (BHHBP) and meta substituted tolylene / phenylene diisocyanates. The soiictureproperty relationships were determined as a function of hydrogen-bonding, the position of the methyl group in the tolylene diisocyanate moiety (TDI) and the biphenol moiety. The liquid crystalline phase (mesophase) and crystalline phase were investigated primarily with differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), wide angle X-ray scattering (WAXS) and infrared spectroscopy. From this combination of characterization techniques, a more detailed description emerges about the thermodynamic stability and kinetic accessibility of each phase. Previous investigation of the (2,4-TDI/BHHBP) mesogenic polyurethane, 2,4LCPU-6, has shown that this polymer is a monotropic liquid crystal. The influence of H-bonding on the structure and phase behavior of 2,4-LCPU-6 was determined by the synthesis of high molecular wight N-Methyl 2,4-LCPU-6, using a novel high
What Is the Nature of Poststroke Language Recovery and Reorganization?

This review focuses on three main topics related to the nature of poststroke language recovery and reorganization. The first topic pertains to the nature of anatomical and physiological substrates in the infarcted hemisphere in poststroke aphasia, including the nature of the hemodynamic response in patients with poststroke aphasia, the nature of the peri-infarct tissue, and the neuronal plasticity potential in the infarcted hemisphere. The second section of the paper reviews the current neuroimaging evidence for language recovery in the acute, subacute, and chronic stages of recovery. The third and final section examines changes in connectivity as a function of recovery in poststroke aphasia, specifically in terms of changes in white matter connectivity, changes in functional effective connectivity, and changes in resting state connectivity after stroke. While much progress has been made in our understanding of language recovery, more work needs to be done. Future studies will need to examine whether reorganization of language in poststroke aphasia corresponds to a tighter, more coherent, and efficient network of residual and new regions in the brain. Answering these questions will go a long way towards being able to predict which patients are likely to recover and may benefit from future rehabilitation.
AUTOMATIC 3D MODELING FROM IMAGE SEQUENCES

Modeling of three-dimensional (3D) objects from image sequences is a challenging problem and has been a research topic for many years. Important theoretical and algorithmic results were achieved that allow to extract even complex 3D models of scenes from sequences of images. One recent effort has been to reduce the amount of calibration and to avoid restrictions on the camera motion. In this contribution an approach is described which achieves this goal by combining state-of-the-art algorithms for uncalibrated projective reconstruction, self-calibration and dense correspondence matching.
Cultural beliefs and mental health treatment preferences of ethnically diverse older adult consumers in primary care.

BACKGROUND Beliefs concerning the causes of mental illness may help to explain why there are significant disparities in the rates of formal mental health service use among racial/ethnic minority elderly as compared with their white counterparts. This study applies the cultural influences on mental health framework to identify the relationship between race/ethnicity and differences in 1) beliefs on the cause of mental illness, 2) preferences for type of treatment, and 3) provider characteristics. METHOD Analyses were conducted using baseline data collected from participants who completed the cultural attitudes toward healthcare and mental illness questionnaire, developed for the Primary Care Research in Substance Abuse and Mental Health for the Elderly study, a multisite randomized trial for older adults (65+) with depression, anxiety, or at-risk alcohol consumption. The final sample consisted of 1,257 non-Latino whites, 536 African Americans, 112 Asian Americans, and 303 Latinos. RESULTS African Americans, Asian Americans, and Latinos had differing beliefs regarding the causes of mental illness when compared with non-Latino whites. Race/ethnicity was also associated with determining who makes healthcare decisions, treatment preferences, and preferred characteristics of healthcare providers. CONCLUSIONS This study highlights the association between race/ethnicity and health beliefs, treatment preferences, healthcare decisions, and consumers' preferred characteristics of healthcare providers. Accommodating the values and preferences of individuals can be helpful in engaging racial/ethnic minority patients in mental health services.
Cardiorespiratory Complications During Moderate and Deep Sedation for Gastrointestinal Endoscopic Procedures

Gastrointestinal endoscopic (GIE) procedures are now performed routinely because of their minimal invasiveness and their diagnostic and therapeutic capabilities. These procedures have been shown to cause various effects on cardiorespiratory systems, which can increase the risks of the procedure in patients with underlying cardiorespiratory diseases [1]. Additionally, the complications attributed to moderate and deep sedation levels are more often associated with cardiovascular and respiratory systems. Most predictors of cardiorespiratory-related compli‐ cations are patient-centered factors and do not vary significantly from procedure to procedure although the procedure is complex [2].
Representations of Metabolic Knowledge

Construction of electronic repositories of metabolic information is an increasingly active area of research. Encoding detailed knowledge of a complex biological domain requires finely honed representations. We survey representations used for several metabolic databases, including Eco-Cyc, and reach the following conclusions. Representation of the metabolism must distinguish enzyme classes from individual enzymes, because there is not a one-to-one mapping from enzymes to the reactions they catalyze. Individual enzymes must be represented explicitly as proteins, e.g., by encoding their subunit structure. The species variation of metabolism must be represented. So must the substrate specificity of enzymes, which may be treated in several ways.
Thermal mechanism of laser-induced damages in KDP crystals

In this paper, the nature of the crystalline phases observed at the surface damage sites resulting from laser irradiation is investigated by X-ray diffraction. The results are compared against new data on thermal decomposition of KDP salt. The damage sites consist of polycrystalline KDP and partially dehydrated phases. The comparison with the thermal decomposition study allows to assign a temperature range to the overall temperature reached by the surface during the damaging process. Finally, the difference between surface damage and bulk damage is discussed.
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—As the architecture of participation became the main design principle in web2.0 more and more content sharing solutions have appeared in the Internet. These systems encourage end users to create, publish, tag and consume content. Most of them offer a web interface to access the service and they are typically implemented with the traditional client­server software architecture. Due to the client­server architecture they require additional investments on the backend side as the service attracts more and more users. In this paper we propose an innovative content sharing solution, called Swarm, which offers the following benefits to service providers: cost efficient, mobility support and necessary control points to prevent misuse of the service. We propose an architecture that combines the advantages of P2P and client­server systems into a single, competitive hybrid solution. First, we introduce the proposed architecture with the most important features, discuss our experience with the reference implementation and finally demonstrate the calculations about the cost efficiency of the Swarm solution.
A Proposition of Retrieval Tools for Historical Document Images Libraries

In this article, we propose a method of characterization of pictures of old documents based on a texture approach. This characterization is carried out with the help of a multi- resolution study of the textures contained in the pictures of the document. So, by extracting five features linked to the frequencies and to the orientations in the different parts of a page, it is possible to extract and to compare elements of high semantic level without expressing any hypothesis about the physical or logical structure of the analysed documents. Experiments show the feasibility of the fulfillment of tools for the navigation or the indexation help. In these experimentations, we will lay the emphasis upon the pertinence of these texture features and the advances that they represent in terms of characterization of content of a deeply heterogeneous corpus.
A survey on terrain assessment techniques for autonomous operation of planetary robots

A key challenge in autonomous planetary surface exploration is the extraction of meaningful information from sensor data, which would allow a good interpretation of the nearby terrain, and a reasonable assessment of more distant areas. In the last decade, the desire to increase the autonomy of unmanned ground vehicles (UGVs), particularly in terms of off-road navigation, has significantly increased the interest in the field of automated terrain classification. Although the field is relatively new, its advances and goals are scattered across different robotic platforms and applications. The objective of this paper is to present a survey of the field from a planetary exploration perspective, bringing together the underlying techniques, existing approaches and relevant applications under a common framework. The aim is to provide a comprehensive overview to the newcomer in the field, and a structured reference for the practitioners.
Intelligent manipulator system with nonsymmetric and redundant master-slave

Some work is so complicated and unsteady that it is not possible to use automatic robots, such as FA robots. In such a case, a teleoperated manipulation system is applied. In this research, the authors aim at a reduction in the operator's physical and mental burdens. An artificially intelligent manipulator system has been developed with nonsymmetric and redundant master-slave. This system has five features: (1) a polar coordinates master arm; (2) a highly operational articulated slave arm with 7 degrees of freedom; (3) a nonsymmetric configuration and different degrees of freedom master-slave control; (4) an expert system; and (5) a new master-slave control motion, which makes the operator's task easier with automatic force/position control. The system was experimentally produced and its performance tested and evaluated. A qualitative evaluation was carried out by conducting a comparative test on the conventional master-slave control and the new master-slave control. It was found to be effective in reducing operating time, as well as work-induced fatigue.
Postoperative care and follow-up after coronary stenting.

BACKGROUND The diagnosis and treatment of coronary heart disease have improved in recent years. Most patients can return to their everyday routine a few days after a successful percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI). How should patients be followed up after the successful implantation of a coronary stent? METHOD Selective review of the pertinent literature, including current practice guidelines and recommendations. RESULTS After a PCI, the patient should be followed up both by the primary care physician and by the cardiologist one week after the procedure, and then every three to six months for the first year. Clinical history taking and physical examination, including an assessment of cardiovascular risk factors and of potential evidence of myocardial ischemia, constitute the best way to detect possible progression of coronary heart disease. Diagnostic coronary angiography is not routinely indicated after coronary stent implantation. If progression of heart disease is suspected, a stress test should be performed; patients who develop symptoms or show evidence of ischemia in a stress test should undergo diagnostic cardiac catheterization. CONCLUSION Repeated history taking and physical examination play an important role after PCI. For patients at high risk of restenosis and those with complex coronary morphology, coronary angiography may be indicated regardless of the findings of non-invasive stress tests.
ADAR Enzyme and miRNA Story: A Nucleotide that Can Make the Difference

Adenosine deaminase acting on RNA (ADAR) enzymes convert adenosine (A) to inosine (I) in double-stranded (ds) RNAs. Since Inosine is read as Guanosine, the biological consequence of ADAR enzyme activity is an A/G conversion within RNA molecules. A-to-I editing events can occur on both coding and non-coding RNAs, including microRNAs (miRNAs), which are small regulatory RNAs of ~20–23 nucleotides that regulate several cell processes by annealing to target mRNAs and inhibiting their translation. Both miRNA precursors and mature miRNAs undergo A-to-I RNA editing, affecting the miRNA maturation process and activity. ADARs can also edit 3′ UTR of mRNAs, further increasing the interplay between mRNA targets and miRNAs. In this review, we provide a general overview of the ADAR enzymes and their mechanisms of action as well as miRNA processing and function. We then review the more recent findings about the impact of ADAR-mediated activity on the miRNA pathway in terms of biogenesis, target recognition, and gene expression regulation.
Pediatric Healthcare Quality: A Novel Approach to Lifelong Child Health Research

&NA; Medical science historically focuses on biomedical research about causes and treatment of disease. McMaster Child Health Research Institute (MCHRI), in Hamilton, Ontario, Canada, takes a different approach to research about lifelong health in children with varied chronic conditions. Staff at MCHRI propose to develop research programs to help “children with complicated lives and their families” meet the challenges of growing up in the face of threats to their health and development in order to help both children and families reach their full potential. This “noncategorical approach” to health services research is timely for addressing chronic childhood illnesses and disabilities across the life span.
Histological differences between invasive ductal carcinoma with a large central acellular zone and matrix‐producing carcinoma of the breast

Carcinoma with a large central acellular zone (central acellular carcinoma, CAC) and matrix‐producing carcinoma (MPC) have been recently noted as basal‐like‐type breast cancers, but the two entities are often confused. To clarify their histological differences, the histopathological sections of 15 CAC and seven MPC were examined and the following features were compared by reviewing slides: (i) mode of invasion; (ii) alteration of cancer cell adhesion in the transitional area between cellular and acellular zones; (iii) staining of the stromal matrix; (iv) lymphocyte infiltration; and (v) tumor grade. Complete agreement was required between two observers for the assessments of these features. All CAC had relatively sharp margins but showed infiltrative growth accompanied by eosinophilic intercellular matrix. In CAC there was abrupt transition between peripheral cellular and central acellular zones without alteration of cancer cell adhesion. In contrast, all MPC showed expansive growth with a well circumscribed margin, accompanied by basophilic and myxoid intercellular matrix. In MPC there was gradual transition from cellular to acellular areas with gradual loss of cancer cell adhesion. Histological grade 3 and peripheral lymphocyte infiltration were common features. It is suggested that CAC and MPC are histologically distinct entities, and that the aforementioned features are helpful for differential diagnosis.
Neuroimaging, cognition, light and circadian rhythms

In humans, sleep and wakefulness and the associated cognitive processes are regulated through interactions between sleep homeostasis and the circadian system. Chronic disruption of sleep and circadian rhythmicity is common in our society and there is a need for a better understanding of the brain mechanisms regulating sleep, wakefulness and associated cognitive processes. This review summarizes recent investigations which provide first neural correlates of the combined influence of sleep homeostasis and circadian rhythmicity on cognitive brain activity. Markers of interindividual variations in sleep-wake regulation, such as chronotype and polymorphisms in sleep and clock genes, are associated with changes in cognitive brain responses in subcortical and cortical areas in response to manipulations of the sleep-wake cycle. This review also includes recent data showing that cognitive brain activity is regulated by light, which is a powerful modulator of cognition and alertness and also directly impacts sleep and circadian rhythmicity. The effect of light varied with age, psychiatric status, PERIOD3 genotype and changes in sleep homeostasis and circadian phase. These data provide new insights into the contribution of demographic characteristics, the sleep-wake cycle, circadian rhythmicity and light to brain functioning.