Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Circumpolar Arctic Tundra Vegetation Change Is Linked to Sea Ice Decline

Abstract Linkages between diminishing Arctic sea ice and changes in Arctic terrestrial ecosystems have not been previously demonstrated. Here, the authors use a newly available Arctic Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) dataset (a measure of vegetation photosynthetic capacity) to document coherent temporal relationships between near-coastal sea ice, summer tundra land surface temperatures, and vegetation productivity. The authors find that, during the period of satellite observations (1982–2008), sea ice within 50 km of the coast during the period of early summer ice breakup declined an average of 25% for the Arctic as a whole, with much larger changes in the East Siberian Sea to Chukchi Sea sectors (>44% decline). The changes in sea ice conditions are most directly relevant and have the strongest effect on the villages and ecosystems immediately adjacent to the coast, but the terrestrial effects of sea ice changes also extend far inland. Low-elevation (<300 m) tundra summer land temperatures, a.
The role of integration time in determining a steady-state through data assimilation

Abstract The length of time an ocean model and its adjoint should be integrated in determining a steady state compatible with observed data is investigated. The starting point is based upon a suggestion that only one time step is required. This method fails to converge to an acceptable solution when applied to a general circulation model (GCM) of the North Atlantic. Using a very coarse resolution GCM in an idealized geometry, the problem is traced to the interplay of convective adjustment and the very short integration time. The general assimilation technique is explored using a very simple model, a linear first-order equation with forcing and damping. The model is unable to provide a dynamical coupling between the forcing and the model response, owing to a mismatch of integration time and adjustment time scale. Coupling can be enforced in the simple linear model through a careful choice of weighting factors, a strategy excluded in the GCM due to the presence of very fast processes like convective adjustm.
New Uintasoricine (?Primates, Plesiadapiformes) from the Earliest Bridgerian, Latest Early Eocene of Wyoming

Abstract Uintasoricines are diminutive plesiadapiforms that are found in the latest Paleocene through middle Eocene, predominantly in North America. They are not a diverse group but individual species may be locally abundant and they are a persistent element of the plesiadapiform radiation in North America surviving over a span of approximately 16 million years. Recent field work in southern Wyoming at South Pass has led to the discovery of a new genus and species of uintasoricine. The new form is smaller in tooth dimensions compared to other known uintasoricines, being slightly smaller than Uintasorex montezumicus from California. Both the newly described taxon and U. montezumicus are among the smallest plesiadapiforms yet known with body weights estimated to be 20 to 25 g. The sediments of the Cathedral Bluffs Tongue of the Wasatch Formation at South Pass contain a unique upland fauna—the presence of a distinctive uintasoricine in this assemblage adds further evidence to support the notion that this upland environment was a biodiversity hotspot during the latest early Eocene.
A comparison of the prognostic performance of the Lugano 2014 and RECIL 2017 response criteria in patients with NHL from the phase III GOYA and GALLIUM trials

The Lugano 2014 criteria are the standard for response assessment in lymphoma. We compared the prognostic performance of Lugano 2014 and the more recently developed response evaluation criteria in lymphoma (RECIL 2017), which relies primarily on computed tomography and uses unidimensional measurements, in patients with previously untreated diffuse large B‐cell lymphoma (DLBCL) and follicular lymphoma (FL) from the phase III GOYA and GALLIUM trials, respectively. Concordance between responses according to the Lugano 2014 and RECIL 2017 criteria was analyzed. Landmark analyses of progression‐free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS) by end of treatment (EOT) and end of induction (EOI) response status according to RECIL 2017 and Lugano 2014 criteria, and prognostic value of response at EOT/EOI were also compared. Overall, 1333 patients were included from GOYA and 502 from GALLIUM. Complete response (CR) status according to RECIL 2017 criteria showed high concordance with complete metabolic response (CMR) status by Lugano 2014 criteria in both GOYA (92.5%) and GALLIUM (92.4%). EOT and EOI CR/CMR status by both criteria was highly prognostic for PFS in GOYA (RECIL 2017 [CR]: hazard ratio [HR], 0.35 [95% confidence interval [CI] 0.26–0.46]; Lugano 2014 [CMR]: HR, 0.35 [95% CI 0.26–0.48]; both p < .0001) and GALLIUM (RECIL 2017 [CR]: HR, 0.35 [95% CI 0.23–0.53]; Lugano 2014 [CMR]: HR, 0.21 [95% CI 0.14–0.31]; both p < .0001). In conclusion, response categorization by RECIL 2017 is similar to that by Lugano 2014 criteria, with high concordance observed. Both were prognostic for PFS and OS.
Socio‐Economic Determinants of Adoption of Rainwater Harvesting and Conservation Techniques in Semi‐Arid Tharaka Sub‐County, Kenya

This paper examines determinants of adoption of rainwater harvesting and conservation techniques in semi‐arid Tharaka sub‐county, Eastern Kenya. Given the erratic rainfall that characterises Tharaka, rainwater harvesting and conservation is critical for the improvement of agricultural production. The study was conducted in two agro‐ecological zones, and 196 respondents were interviewed. The majority of the farmers were practising between 1–3 and 4–6 rainwater harvesting and conservation techniques—an indication of the awareness of the benefits. In situ technologies were more frequently practised than micro‐catchment and macro‐catchment technologies. There were institutional efforts supporting adoption of micro‐catchment and macro‐catchment techniques in the recent past. Correlation results showed that the number of techniques practised was influenced by the number of years spent in school, arable land size, labour availability and number of livelihood options. Soil quality is an unlikely determinant of rainwater harvesting because a majority of the farmers rated it as good and fair. Chi‐squared results suggest that choice of rainwater techniques is primarily informed by a desire to harvest and conserve soil moisture than to improve soil quality. Although adoption of these technologies is encouraging, assessment of their efficiency in the context of physical attributes such as soil characteristics, slope and rainfall amount of the area would add value. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Utilization of Stockwell Transform and Random Forest Algorithm for Efficient Detection and Classification of Power Quality Disturbances

Power quality disturbances (PQDs) can lead to significant operational and financial losses in power systems. Accurate detection and classification of PQDs are essential for maintaining power quality and preventing power system failures. This research article introduces an innovative approach for the precise detection and classification of single- and multiple-state power quality disturbances (PQDs) using the Stockwell transform (ST) and a random forest classifier. To create realistic PQD signals, seventeen distinct classes are generated in accordance with IEEE Standard 1159, employing mathematical equations implemented in MATLAB software. The ST is employed to extract relevant features from the PQD signals, which are subsequently utilized as input for the random forest classifier. The classifier employs bootstrapping sampling to generate multiple training sets from the original dataset. Each training set is used to construct a decision tree by recursively partitioning the data based on significant features. To mitigate overfitting and enhance robustness, a random subset of features is selected at each node of the decision tree, thereby reducing tree correlation. The performance of the random forest classifier is compared with other widely utilized machine learning classifiers. The results exhibit the efficacy of the proposed approach in accurately detecting and classifying PQ events, highlighting its superiority over alternative methods.
PERCEIVED STRESS AMONG MEDICAL STUDENTS IN SERBIA DURING THE COVID-19 PANDEMIC

Objective: To determine the level of perceived stress of students of the Medical Faculty in Novi Sad during the second year of the COVID-19 pandemic. Material and method: This online cross-sectional survey, including 523 medical faculty students was conducted in February 2022. The Perceived Stress Scale was used to assess the level of perceived stress. Descriptive and inferential statistics were calculated using SPSS v22. Results: The average score of the Perceived Stress Scale was 20.43 (SD ± 7.39), which suggests that students at the Faculty of Medicine of the University of Novi Sad experienced moderate levels of perceived stress in the second year of the COVID-19 pandemic. Female students experienced higher levels of perceived stress compared to male students. No significant difference was observed among the study programs or the year of study. Conclusion: During the second year of the COVID-19 pandemic, medical students showed a moderate degree of perceived stress, whereas female students were significantly more affected. These results indicate the need for further assessment and promotion of students’ mental well-being. Keywords: students; COVID-19 pandemic; perceived stress; medical faculty.
The Relationship between Activity Independence Level and Anxiety Level of Elderly in Budi Mulia 3 Service, 2022

Elderly (elderly) is a condition that occurs in the human life cycle. Many health problems occur in the elderly, especially problems of movement and independence of the elderly in meeting their daily needs. Problems due to decreased health status and body function can exacerbate the health condition of the elderly. This study aims to identify the relationship between the level of activity independence and the anxiety level of the elderly. The method used in this study uses correlation analysis with a cross sectional approach. The population in this study used all inmates who were at the Budi Mulia 3 Social Institution, taking samples using a purposive sampling technique that met the inclusion criteria. Data collection using questionnaires and observation sheets. The results showed that out of 50 respondents, 15 respondents were independent in fulfilling needs and 35 respondents experienced dependence, while the level of anxiety of 50 respondents, 28 respondents experienced mild anxiety, 19 respondents experienced moderate anxiety and 3 experienced severe anxiety. Based on the results of the statistical correlation test, it was found that there was a relationship between the level of independence in carrying out activities and the level of anxiety in the elderly.
A Hand-Held Device Presenting Haptic Directional Cues for the Visually Impaired

Haptic information is essential in everyday activities, especially for visually impaired people in terms of real-world navigation. Since human haptic sensory processing is nonlinear, asymmetric vibrations have been widely studied to create a pulling sensation for the delivery of directional haptic cues. However, the design of an input control signal that generates asymmetric vibrations has not yet been parameterised. In particular, it is unclear how to quantify the asymmetry of the output vibrations to create a better pulling sensation. To better understand the design of an input control signal that generates haptic directional cues, we evaluated the effect of the pulling sensations corresponding to the three adjustable parameters (i.e., delay time, ramp-down step length, and cut-off voltage) in a commonly applied step-ramp input signal. The results of a displacement measurement and a psychophysical experiment demonstrate that when the quantified asymmetry ratio is in a range of 0.3430–0.3508 with an optimised cut-off voltage for our hand-held device, the haptic directional cues are better perceived by participants. Additionally, the results also showed a superior performance in haptic delivery by shear forces than normal forces.
Mass anomaly structure of the Earth

Gravitational interaction is the weakest among the four known forces in the universe. The particular gravity equipotential field that coincides with sea level is called the geoid, and satellite data have revealed anomalies in its pattern that are puzzling to explain. Dynamic topography solutions have offered the preferred explanation for the past 15 years, but problems remain. An alternative explanation presented here contends that very large mass anomalies lie deep in the Earth, presumably produced by topography at the coremantle boundary (CMB), and only much smaller mass anomalies occur at shallower depths. The principal distinction is whether one is willing to accept the possibility that processes within the Earth's core may generate the CMB topography. An analysis of the South American regional geoid high (spherical harmonic degrees 2–10) indicates that only mass anomalies shallower than 1200 km are its cause. This single positive source is contrary to dynamic topography solutions that would generate negative deflections of both the surface and the CMB in response to the positive subducted mass for the Earth's fourth greatest geoid high. Our alternate explanation is tested utilizing a set of 9274 subduction 5° cube slab bloblet center points, developed from reconstructed plate history, that provide estimates of the locations of material subducted into the Earth's mantle. Two global mass solutions are offered utilizing (1) only those bloblets in the outer 800 km and (2) only those bloblets in the outer 1400 km. Four point masses at 3000 km depth to simulate CMB topography, produced by processes within the core unrelated to mantle dynamic topography, complete the two mass models. Both models show reasonable agreement with patterns and magnitudes of the regional geoid and its component degree parts. The model CMB mass anomalies are only a factor of 3 greater than those initially estimated by gravity to geoid ratios from observed values at geoid anomaly center locations. Difficulties with the dynamic topography solutions, matters of the density of the subducted material, the proper hydrostatic flattening value to use for analyses, and possible causes for the CMB topography are discussed. The subduction mass models are also used to estimate the magnitude of the driving force for plate tectonics (2.78 × 1020 to 3.23 × 1021 N), approximately equivalent to 7.0 × 1012 to 8.1 × 1013 N m−1. These force values are comparable to published slab force estimates based on thermal considerations.
Screening of Genetic Variations in Korean Native Duck using
 Next-Generation Resequencing Data

Korean native ducks (KNDs) continue to have a high preference from consumers due to their excellent meat quality and taste characteristics. However, due to low productivity and fixed plumage color phenotype, it could not secure a large share in the domestic market compared to imported species. In order to improve the market share of KNDs, the genetic characteristics of the breed should be identified and used for improvement and selection. Therefore, this study was conducted to identify the genetic information of colored and white KNDs using next-generation resequencing data and screening for differences between the two groups. As a result of the analysis, the genetic variants that showed significant differences between the colored and white KND groups were mainly identified as mutations related to tyrosine activity. The variants were located in the genes that affect melanin synthesis and regulation, such as EGFR, PDGFRA, and DDR2 , and these were reported as the candidate genes related to plumage pigmentation in poultry. Therefore, the results of this study are expected to be useful as a basis for understanding and utilizing the genetic characteristics of KNDs for genetic improvement and selection of white broiler KNDs.
Anomalous occurrence features of the preliminary impulse of geomagnetic sudden commencement in the South Atlantic Anomaly region

[1] Occurrence features of the preliminary impulse (PI) of geomagnetic sudden commencement (SC) both in the Pacific Ocean and South Atlantic Anomaly (SAA) regions were investigated using the long-term magnetic field data obtained from the Circum-pan Pacific Magnetometer Network (CPMN) and NICT Space Weather Monitoring (NSWM) magnetometer networks. The low-latitude preliminary reverse impulse (PRI) at Okinawa (OKI: dip latitude = 37.97°) in the Pacific Ocean region appeared in all the magnetic local time (MLT) sectors with the peak occurrence rate of 40% around noon. On the other hand, the PRI occurrence rate at Santa Maria (SMA: dip latitude = −34.35°) near the center of the SAA region showed a significant enhancement in the daytime sector (0800–1600 h, MLT) with the peak value of 80%, which resembles the occurrence feature of the equatorial PRI. Moreover, the PRI amplitude around noon at SMA was about 3.0 times larger than that at OKI. From the calculation of the ionospheric conductivity derived from the IRI-2007 and NRLMSISE-00 models, it is shown that the height-integrated conductivity was more enhanced in the SAA region (SMA), where the ambient magnetic field intensity is weak, compared with that in the Pacific Ocean region (OKI). Therefore, the anomalous increase of the PRI occurrence and amplitude is caused by the significant enhancement of the ionospheric conductivity due to the weakness of the ambient magnetic field intensity in the SAA region.
Effect of 160 MeV Xenon Ion Irradiation on the Tribological Properties and Crystal Structure of 100Cr6 Bearing Steel

This is the first study ever to show the impact of high-energy 160 MeV xenon ion irradiation on the properties of 100Cr6 bearing steel. The projected range (Rp) of xenon ions is 8.2 µm. Fluence-dependent variations in the coefficient of friction and wear of the 100Cr6 steel material have been observed. These changes correlate with shifts in the crystal lattice constant and variations in the oxygen, carbon, and iron content in the wear track. Fluence-dependent changes in these parameters have been observed for the first time. Irradiation reduces stresses in the crystal lattice, leading to crystallite size increase. The modifications in the properties of 100Cr6 steel result from radiation-induced defects caused by electronic ion stopping. The degree of these modifications depends on the applied irradiation fluence. Furthermore, the use of a higher irradiation fluence value appears to mitigate the effects produced by a lower fluence.
Overview of Mount Washington Icing Sensors Project

NASA, the FAA, the Department of Defense, the National Center for Atmospheric Research and NOAA are developing techniques for retrieving cloud microphysical properties from a variety of remote sensing technologies. The intent is to predict aircraft icing conditions ahead of aircraft. The Mount Washington Icing Sensors Project MWISP), conducted in April, 1999 at Mt. Washington, NH, was organized to evaluate technologies for the prediction of icing conditions ahead of aircraft in a natural environment, and to characterize icing cloud and drizzle environments. April was selected for operations because the Summit is typically in cloud, generally has frequent freezing precipitation in spring, and the clouds have high liquid water contents. Remote sensing equipment, consisting of radars, radiometers and a lidar, was placed at the base of the mountain, and probes measuring cloud particles, and a radiometer, were operated from the Summit. NASA s Twin Otter research aircraft also conducted six missions over the site. Operations spanned the entire month of April, which was dominated by wrap-around moisture from a low pressure center stalled off the coast of Labrador providing persistent upslope clouds with relatively high liquid water contents and mixed phase conditions. Preliminary assessments indicate excellent results from the lidar, radar polarimetry, radiosondes and summit and aircraft measurements.
La Formación Garamilla: evento volcánico del Jurásico Inferior del sector occidental de la Comarca Nordpatagónica, Provincia de Río Negro, Argentina

Resumen: La Formacion Garamilla aflorante en el borde occidental de la Comarca Nordpatagonica se halla integrada por rocas volcanicas y piroclasticas de composiciones andesitas, daciticas y rioliticas cuya edad se extiende entre el Triasico Superior –Jurasico Inferior. Particularmente en la zona de los Puestos Quinenao, Fuensalida y los canadones Mencue, Blancura y Curru Mahuida aflora una secuencia de 800 m de espesor dentro de la cual fueron reconocidos tres eventos: Un evento inicial compuesto por domos, lavas rioliticas e ignimbritas “lavalike”. Un segundo evento volcanico esta representado por diques y lavas andesiticas a daciticas, tobas lapilliticas y tobas lapilliticas eutaxiticas de composiciones daciticas. El tercer evento se encuentra integrado por tobas, tobas reomorficas, tobas lapilliticas, brechas volcanicas monomicticas, brechas liticas masivas, lavas y diques Esta unidad conforma una serie calco-alcalina vinculada a un proceso de subduccion. Una edad U-Pb 185±2 Ma (Pliesbaquiana) fue obtenida para la litofacies de tobas lapilliticas del segundo evento volcanico. Estas caracteristicas permiten correlacionarla con el volcanismo calco-alcalino Jurasico Inferior desarrollado en la provincia de Neuquen.
Aerodynamic Improvements of Buses Inspired by Beluga Whales

The innovative bus designs, inspired by the whales, have been developed. The designs are confined to the frontal area of the buses. The new designs are named as the Beluga buses. Several variants of the models all mimicking Beluga whales are proposed. Both numerical analysis and experimental have been conducted to determine the drag coefficients of various models. The ANSYS CFD program was used for numerical simulations. WT tests were conducted to experimentally determine the drag coefficients. Both methods indicate that the beluga-inspired buses offer significant reductions in drag, which can lead to lower fuel consumption. The new beluga design is expected to reduce fuel consumption by 12.64%. Comparing the experimental and numerical results, a 6.4% discrepancy in the drag coefficients is observed at low Reynolds numbers, which became negligible at higher Reynolds numbers. The new geometry is expected to offer an economical solution for reducing fuel consumption.
Decimeter-Level Indoor Localization Using WiFi Round-Trip Phase and Factor Graph Optimization

Indoor localization using WiFi signals has been studied since the emergence of WiFi communication. This paper presents a novel training-free approach to indoor localization using a customized WiFi protocol for data collection and a factor graph-based back-end for localization. The protocol measures the round-trip phase, which is very sensitive to small changes in displacement. This is because the sub-wavelength displacements introduce significant phase changes in WiFi signal. However, the phase cannot provide absolute range information due to angle wrap. Consequently, it can only be used for relative distance (displacement) measurement. By tracking the round-trip phase over time and unwrapping it, a relative distance measurement can be realized and achieve a mean absolute error (MAE) of 0.06m. For 2-D localization, factor graph optimization is applied to the round-trip phase measurements between the STA (station) and four APs (access points). Experiments show the proposed concept can offer a decimeter-level (0.26m MAE and 0.24m 50%CDF) performance for real-world indoor localization.