Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The Prognostic Factors Related to Traumatic Brain Stem Injury

Objective This study was conducted to assess the clinical significance of traumatic brain stem injury (TBSI) reflected on Glasgow Coma Score (GCS) and Glasgow Outcome Score (GOS) by various clinical variables. Methods A total of 136 TBSI patients were selected out of 2695 head-injured patients. All initial computerized tomography and/or magnetic resonance imaging studies were retrospectively analyzed according to demographic- and injury variables which result in GCS and GOS. Results In univariate analysis, mode of injury showed a significant effect on combined injury (p<0.001), as were the cases with skull fracture on radiologic finding (p<0.000). The GCS showed a various correlation with radiologic finding (p<0.000), mode of injury (p<0.002), but less favorably with impact site (p<0.052), age (p<0.054) and skull fracture (p<0.057), in order of statistical significances. However, only GOS showed a definite correlation to radiologic finding (p<0.000). In multivariate analysis, the individual variables to enhance an unfavorable effect on GCS were radiologic finding [odds ratio (OR) 7.327, 95% confidence interval (CI)], mode of injury (OR; 4.499, 95% CI) and age (OR; 3.141, 95% CI). Those which influence an unfavorable effect on GOS were radiologic finding (OR; 25.420, 95% CI) and age (OR; 2.674, 95% CI). Conclusion In evaluation of TBSI on outcome, the variables such as radiological finding, mode of injury, and age were revealed as three important ones to have an unfavorable effect on early stage outcome expressed as GCS. However, mode of injury was shown not to have an unfavorable effect on late stage outcome as GOS. Among all unfavorable variables, radiological finding was confirmed as the only powerful prognostic variable both on GCS and GOS.
Congenital long QT syndrome in children

Long QT syndrome (LQTS) is a cardiac repolarization disorder characterized by prolonged QT interval on the electrocardiogram (ECG) and increased propensity to ventricular tachyarrhythmias and cardiac events. LQTS might be acquired or congenital, which presents a group of channelopathies that occur due to mutation in one of 15 so far identified genes. The most frequent types of congenital LTQS are LQT1, LQT2 and LQT3. Prolonged or delayed repolarization leads to the increase of action potential duration which predisposes early afterdepolarization, as well as the amplification of transmural dispersion of repolarization, both contributing to the development of Torsades de Pointes ventricular tachycardia. Clinical manifestations of LQTS are palpitations, syncope, aborted cardiac arrest or sudden cardiac death, but it can also be asymptomatic. Trigger factors for symptoms are specific for certain genotype. LQTS examination includes thorough clinical and family history focused on distinctive data (repeated syncopes, cases of sudden cardiac death in the family, hereditary arrhythmias), resting ECG, exercise stress testing and genetic analysis, with additional methods (serial ECG records, 24h ECG Holter, epinephrine test). Clinical LQTS diagnosis is based on Schwartz's scoring system, while the criteria for final diagnosis of LQTS depend on Schwartz's score, QT interval duration, presence of pathogenic mutation and clinical symptoms. Treatment approach begins with lifestyle modifications and β-blockers therapy, while other options include implantable cardioverter- defibrillator, permanent pacemaker or surgical sympathectomy. Sudden cardiac death is the reason of 90% of sudden deaths in young athletes, while LQTS is one of its causes. Recommendations for physical activities in children with congenital LQTS arise from the ones for adults and they presume very strict limitations. Further researches are expected to advance the understanding of genotype-phenotype correlation of congenital LQTS and enable eventual genetically-guided personalized treatment, novel insight into rare LQTS types, as well as more precise recommendations for physical activity of LQTS children.
Statistical inferences in phylogeography

In conventional phylogeographic studies, historical demographic processes are elucidated from the geographical distribution of individuals represented on an inferred gene tree. However, the interpretation of gene trees in this context can be difficult as the same demographic/geographical process can randomly lead to multiple different genealogies. Likewise, the same gene trees can arise under different demographic models. This problem has led to the emergence of many statistical methods for making phylogeographic inferences. A popular phylogeographic approach based on nested clade analysis is challenged by the fact that a certain amount of the interpretation of the data is left to the subjective choices of the user, and it has been argued that the method performs poorly in simulation studies. More rigorous statistical methods based on coalescence theory have been developed. However, these methods may also be challenged by computational problems or poor model choice. In this review, we will describe the development of statistical methods in phylogeographic analysis, and discuss some of the challenges facing these methods.
Social Media Communication Among Military Spouses: Review of Research and Recommendations for Moving Forward

ABSTRACT A literature review was conducted on online social networking among military spouses. The unique experiences of military spouses are described, followed by a review of the growth of online social networking. Although minimal research has been conducted with military samples, civilian research has found that social media is largely used to foster social interactions; further, social media has distinct advantages and potential challenges. Social media can function to either connect people or isolate them; it can also promote well-being or cause distress. Best practices are offered to further research and utilization of social media among military spouses.
Shared Understanding among Business and IT - a literature Review and Research Agenda

Researchers have acknowledged that shared understanding between business and IT is a crucial factor to achieve high performing teams, well aligned units, and superior business value of IT. In addition, they agree, that this determinant of social alignment is very complex and difficult to govern. However, a goal-oriented governance will only be possible if the target is clearly and adequate defined. In this paper, we will provide a structured review of the IS literature addressing the question how shared business/IT understanding has been conceptualized and used in the various fields of our research community. We identify strong differences between and within these research domains regarding the conceptualization. Primarily, we find that most of the papers just analyze single aspects of shared understanding but miss the “big picture”. Our findings can point researchers to potential lacks of conceptualization of Business/IT Shared Understanding in their research domain and will help to cross borders among different research strands, which all will potentially profit from a more holistic and comprehensive investigation of shared business/IT understanding and its role for effective collaboration among business and IT.
Application of Ozone for the Postharvest Treatment of Fruits and Vegetables

Fruits and vegetables consumption has risen noticeably during recent decades, leading to a greater frequency of foodborne illnesses associated with fresh produce. Novel industrial applications and improvements in ozone technology together with new regulatory actions worldwide have emerged in recent years, making its use in the food industry easier. This technology has attracted considerable commercial interest, especially because ozone does not leave any residues on the treated produce and it is also accepted by many organic grower organizations. However, discrepancies regarding the efficacy of this technology are often found in the bibliography and further research is still needed. These differences could be attributed to a great variability in the conditions of the research work: method of ozone generation and application, O3 concentration and exposure time to the gas, as well as the way in which produce is packed. In this sense, standardization in the working conditions and in the units to measure ozone concentration will be useful to better understand the mode of action and the effects of ozone on food products. Consequently, it would be possible to improve its potential as a sanitizer in the food industry.
Evaluation of Working Memory Load using EEG Signals

This paper investigates mental workload assessment using statistical features derived from electroencephalography (EEG) signals. Mean, root mean squared, and correlation-based features are extracted from data including EEG signal recordings of five participants performing a reading task with three difficulty levels of low, medium, and high and a baseline condition. Results reveal that for the given task, features derived from the EEG signals consistently exhibit a very high degree of discrimination between the induced load levels, confirming EEG as an important method for the real time, objective determination of cognitive load level. Also, the frontal EEG channels appear to be sensitive to the working memory load than the other channels. Analysis of the effect of the window length used during feature extraction from the EEG signals suggest that features extracted from EEG segments as short as 1 second exhibit an acceptable amount of standard deviation, suggesting that EEG-based measurement of fairly rapid changes in cognitive load may be feasible.
Encoding Intelligent Agents for Uncertain, Unknown, and Dynamic Tasks: From Programming to Interactive Artificial Learning

In this position paper, we analyze ways that a human can best be involved in interactive artificial learning against a backdrop of traditional AI programming and conventional artificial learning. Our primary claim is that interactive artificial learning can produce a higher return on human investment than conventional methods, meaning that performance of the agent exceeds performance of traditional agents at a lower cost to the human. This claim is clarified by identifying metrics that govern the effectiveness of interactive artificial learning. We then present a roadmap for achieving this claim, identifying ways in which interactive artificial learning can be used to improve each stage of training an artificial agent: configuring, planning, acting, observing, and updating. We conclude by presenting a case study that contrasts programming using conventional artificial learning to programming using interactive artificial learning.
Oral Glucose-stimulated Insulin Release in Nondiabetic Twin Siblings of Diabetic Twins

A total of twenty-five monozygotic and dizygotic glucose-tolerant twin siblings of diabetic patients were compared with age-, sex-, and weight-matched groups of glucose-tolerant offspring of two diabetic parents and normal control subjects with regard to glucose, insulin, free fatty acid and growth hormone responses during a five hour oral glucose tolerance test. Few differences in mean levels of glucose, insulin or free fatty acids were found, the trend being a higher insulin level in the twin study groups. Although the numbers of subjects were small, significantly higher insulinglucose relationships were found in monozygotic females compared to normals and in dizygotic females compared to offspring and to normals. The fasting plasma free fatty acid level was highest in the twins among each of the four subgroups, possibly indicating a blunting of the antilipolytic effect of the basal insulin level in the twins. A “paradoxic” type of growth hormone response was seen in both the twin and offspring groups compared to the respective normal groups. It appears that alterations in insulin-glucose relationships and growth hormone response exist in potential diabetic groups that cannot be accounted for by small but important differences in age, weight, or glucose tolerance.
Kensho: a dynamic tasking architecture for sensor networks

Recent research on sensor network programming architectures has managed to alleviate many common programming burdens, but has not fully addressed the problems associated with tasking and deployment. This has impeded the development of new multi-purpose sensor networks that require new software abstractions and mechanisms. We present the design of a new software architecture for sensor networks that provides abstractions to explicitly address the issues of tasking and deployment. We also present an initial implementation of our architecture in simulation to investigate the potential memory overheads. Finally, we present a mobile tracking application to demonstrate how to use the abstractions provided by our architecture.
Self-reconfiguration on Spartan-III FPGAs with compressed partial bitstreams via a parallel configuration access port (cPCAP) core

This paper presents an alternative approach for dynamic partial self-reconfiguration that enables a field programmable gate array (FPGA) to reconfigure itself at run-time partially through a parallel configuration access port (cPCAP) under the control of the stand alone cPCAP core within the FPGA instead of using an embedded processor. The cPCAP core with bitstream decompression module needs only 361 slices, which is approximately 18% of a Spartan-3S200 FPGA. The dynamic partial self-reconfiguration via cPCAP core works up to 50 Mbyte/s. The compressed partial bitstream is stored in BlockRAM within the FPGA and decompressed via cPCAP core at the time of reconfiguration of the FPGA. This approach has been implemented on a pure Spartan-3 FPGA from Xilinx, but it can also be used for any other FPGA architectures, such as Virtex-II(Pro), Virtex-4, Virtex-5, etc.
Observing the coach-created motivational environment across training and competition in youth sport

ABSTRACT Adopting an integrated achievement goal (Nicholls, J. G. (1989). The competitive ethos and democratic education. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press. ) and self-determination theory (Deci, E. L., & Ryan, R. M. (2000). The “what” and “why” of goal pursuits: Human needs and the self-determination of behavior. Psychological Inquiry, 11, 227–268. doi:10.1207/S15327965PLI1104_01) perspective as proffered by Duda, J. L. (2013). (The conceptual and empirical foundations of empowering coachingTM: Setting the stage for the PAPA project. International Journal of Sport and Exercise Psychology, 11, 311–318. doi:10.1080/1612197X.2013.839414), the aim of the current study was to observe empowering and disempowering features of the multidimensional motivational coaching environment in training and competition in youth sport. Seventeen grass-roots soccer coaches were observed and rated in training and competitive settings using the multidimensional motivational climate observation system (MMCOS; Smith, N., Tessier, D., Tzioumakis, Y., Quested, E., Appleton, P., Sarrazin, P., … Duda, J. L. (2015). Development and validation of the multidimensional motivational climate observation system (MMCOS). Journal of Sport and Exercise Psychology, 37, 4–22. doi:10.1123/jsep.2014-0059). In line with our hypotheses, coaches created different motivational environments in the two contexts. More specifically, coaches were observed to create a less empowering and more disempowering environment in competition compared to in training. The observed differences were underpinned by distinctive motivational strategies used by coaches in the two contexts. Findings have implications for the assessment of the coach-created motivational environment and the promotion of quality motivation for young athletes taking part in grass-roots-level sport.
Hosts of Argas cooleyi and Ornithodoros concanensis (Acarina: Argasidae) in a cliff-face habitat.

Monthly collections of Argas cooleyi and Ornithodoros concanensis were made from Cliff Swallow colonies and the source of the blood meal in these ticks was determined by precipitin tests using bat, murine, and passerine antisera. Identification of blood meals from A. cooleyi indicate that in a cliff-face habitat this species is parasitic solely on Cliff Swallows. The seasonal availability of hosts for this tick is limited to the 2-1/2 to 3 months that Cliff Swallows annually inhabit these sites. Tests of blood meals from O. concanensis demonstrate that this tick species utilizes either avian or mammalian hosts, and Cliff Swallows appear to fulfill this role during their 2-1/2 to 3 month nesting season. Bats are parasitized for much of the year but most heavily when the swallows are absent. This dual host utilization enables the ticks to obtain blood meals throughout the year.
This Light In Oneself True Meditation

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Annealed f-Smoothing as a Mechanism to Speed up Neural Network Training

In this paper, we describe a method to reduce the overall number of neural network training steps, during both crossentropy and sequence training stages. This is achieved through the interpolation of frame-level CE and sequence level SMBR criteria, during the sequence training stage. This interpolation is known as f-smoothing and has previously been just used to prevent overfitting during sequence training. However, in this paper, we investigate its application to reduce the training time. We explore different interpolation strategies to reduce the overall training steps; and achieve a reduction of up to 25% with almost no degradation in word error rate (WER). Finally, we explore the generalization of f-smoothing to other tasks.
Clinical experience with penicillin skin testing in a large inner-city STD clinic.

OBJECTIVE To establish (1) the prevalence of positive penicillin skin tests among outpatients with well-defined but variable history of penicillin allergy and (2) the reproducibility, safety, and negative predictive value of skin testing with benzylpenicilloyl polylysine (PPL) and a minor-determinant mixture (MDM). DESIGN Serial consenting outpatients with current indications for penicillin therapy were skin-tested in duplicate with PPL and MDM. Subjects with negative skin tests (93% of those positive by history and 95% of those negative by history) received therapeutic courses of benzylpenicillin (81%) or ampicillin (19%). Negative predictive value of skin testing was established by 72-hour follow-up for adverse reactions to drug. SETTING/PATIENTS A total of 5063 consecutive, qualifying outpatients in a Baltimore, Md, sexually transmitted disease (STD) clinic. The study group was young (73% between 20 and 40 years old), 66% male, and 90% black; 25% had history of atopy. Follow-up was 94% complete. RESULTS Positive skin tests were observed in 7.1% of 776 individuals with previous history of penicillin allergy and in 1.7% of 4287 subjects negative by history (P << .001). Previous history of anaphylaxis or urticaria was associated with significantly higher rates of positive skin tests of 17.3% and 12.4%, respectively (P<<.001). Only 4% with history of exanthem had positive skin tests (P = .03). The coefficient of variation for duplicate skin tests was 11%. Time intervals since last penicillin treatment did not influence the rate of positive skin tests. Adverse reactions to skin tests occurred in 13 (1.2% of patients positive by history; 9.4% of those with positive skin tests). A mild anaphylactic reaction occurred in one individual whose preliminary scratch testing was inadvertently omitted; systemic pruritus or urticaria occurred in 11 subjects; one had a large local reaction. After penicillin administration to individuals with negative skin tests, acute allergic reactions occurred in 0.5% of subjects negative by history compared with 2.9% of subjects positive by history (chi 2 = 33.3; P = .0001). Reactions were generally mild and self-limited; only two cases of mild anaphylactic reaction occurred, both in patients with history of severe IgE-mediated reaction. CONCLUSIONS Skin testing with both major and minor penicillin determinants is safe using current recommendations, and both reagents are necessary for maximizing the identification of sensitized subjects. Routine penicillin skin testing can facilitate the safe use of penicillin in 90% of individuals with a previous history of penicillin allergy.
Disposition and Determinism – Genetic Diagnostics in Risk Society

This article investigates the relationship between genetic determinism and the discourse of risk by making use of an elaboration of the concept of governmentality developed by Michel Foucault. After a short outline of the theoretical profile of the employed risk analysis, the main part of the text distinguishes three core level of analysis. With a view to illustrating several aspects of a ‘genetic governmentality’ the increasing social impact of genetic information is examined from the angle of truth programs, power strategies and technologies of the self.
The concentrations of soluble vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 and lipids are independently associated with venous thromboembolism.

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES Venous thromboembolism (VTE) involves inflammation and a relation with dyslipidemia which remains controversial. The vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 (VCAM-1) is a ligand expressed by activated endothelium (and recruits leukocytes) whose soluble form (sVCAM-1) increases in atherosclerosis, severe hypertriglyceridemia or deep vein thrombosis (DVT) in acute phase. We analyzed the association between VTE (> 6 months after), sVCAM-1 and lipid concentrations. DESIGN AND METHODS Case-control study involving 126 consecutive patients (aged 25-80 years, 49% males) and 125 controls of similar age and gender. RESULTS The patients had a more unfavorable lipid profile than controls [higher triglycerides (p<0.001), LDLc/HDLc ratio (p<0.01) or total cholesterol (TC) (p=0.07)] and higher sVCAM-1 concentration (p<0.01) even adjusting for arterial diseases. VTE was associated with extreme values of TC, LDL-c, triglycerides (>P90) and HDL-c (P90) (OR=4.2)(p<0.0001). The sVCAM-1 values were age-related (r=0.26, p<0.001) but independent of lipid levels. Hazards ratios from five-fold to ten-fold appeared when combining the sVCAM-1 top quartile (>970 ng/mL) with TC >250 mg/dL or HDL-c <45 mg/dL (p<0.01) irrespective of thrombophilic status. Recurrent or severe VTE cases (pulmonary embolism or proximal DVT vs. distal DVT) showed higher sVCAM-1 values (p<0.05). All the associations weakened among females. In stepwise logistic regression, obesity (p<0.001), sVCAM-1 (p<0.001) and LDL-c (p=0.004) in men and sVCAM-1 (p=0.02) and triglycerides (p=0.04) in women retained their independent association. INTERPRETATION AND CONCLUSIONS Although the exact mechanisms linking abnormal lipid and sVCAM-1 concentrations to VTE await clarification, both seem to be independently associated.