Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Nonlinear Symplectic Attitude Estimation for Small Satellites

Abstract : A novel method for efficient high-accuracy satellite attitude estimation is presented to address the increasing performance requirements of resource-constrained small satellites. Symplectic numerical methods are applied to the nonlinear estimation problem for Hamiltonian systems, leading to a new general solution that exactly preserves state probability density functions and conserves invariant properties of the dynamics when solving for the state estimate. This nonlinear Symplectic Filter is applied to a standard small satellite mission and simulation results demonstrate orders of magnitude improvement in state and constants of motion estimation when compared to extended and iterative Kalman methods particularly in the presence of nonlinear dynamics and high accuracy attitude observations. Based on numerous simulations, the authors conclude that this new method shows promise for improved attitude estimation onboard high performance, resource-constrained small satellites.
The mechanisms of plastic strain accommodation during the high strain rate collapse of corrugated Ni–Al laminate cylinders

The Thick-Walled Cylinder method was used on corrugated Ni–Al reactive laminates to examine how their mesostructures accommodate large strain, high strain rate plastic deformation and to examine the potential for intermetallic reaction initiation due to mechanical stimuli. Three main mesoscale mechanisms of large plastic strain accommodation were observed in addition to the bulk distributed uniform plastic flow: (a) the extrusion of wedge-shaped regions into the interior of the cylinder along planes of easy slip provided by angled layers, (b) the development of trans-layer shear bands in the layers with orientation close to radial and (c) the cooperative buckling of neighbouring layers perpendicular to the radius. These mesoscale mechanisms acted to block the development of periodic patterns of multiple, uniformly distributed, shear bands that have been observed in all previously examined solid homogeneous materials and granular materials. The high-strain plastic flow within the shear bands resulted in the dramatic elongation and fragmentation of Ni and Al layers. The quenched reaction between Al and Ni was observed inside these trans-layer shear bands and in a number of the interfacial extruded wedge-shaped regions. The reaction initiated in these spots did not ignite the bulk of the material, demonstrating that these mesostructured Ni-Al laminates are able to withstand high-strain, high-strain rate deformation without reaction. Numerical simulations of the explosively collapsed samples were performed using the digitized geometry of corrugated laminates and predictions of the final, deformed mesostructures agree with the observed deformation patterns.
Magnesium, Magnesium Alloys, and Magnesium Composites

PREFACE. ACKNOWLEDGMENTS. 1 INTRODUCTION TO MAGNESIUM. 1.1 Introduction. 1.2 Characteristics of Pure Magnesium. 1.3 Applications. 1.4 Summary. References. 2 SYNTHESIS TECHNIQUES FOR MAGNESIUM-BASED MATERIALS. 2.1 Introduction. 2.2 Liquid Phase Processes. 2.3 Solid Phase Process. 2.4 Disintegrated Melt Deposition Method. 2.5 Mechanical Disintegration and Deposition Method. 2.6 Summary. References. 3 MAGNESIUM ALLOYS. 3.1 Introduction. 3.2 Casting Alloys. 3.3 Wrought Alloys. 3.4 Magnesium Elektron Series Alloys. 3.5 Magnesium Alloys for Elevated Temperature Applications. 3.6 Magnesium-Based Bulk Metallic Glasses. References 81 4 FUNDAMENTALS OF METAL MATRIX COMPOSITES. 4.1 Introduction. 4.2 Materials. 4.3 Interface Between Matrix and Reinforcement. 4.4 Theoretical Prediction of Properties. 4.5 Summary. References. 5 MAGNESIUM COMPOSITES. 5.1 Introduction. 5.2 Materials. 5.3 Magnesium-Based Composites with Al2O3. 5.4 Magnesium-Based Composites with MgO. 5.5 Magnesium-Based Composites with SiC. 5.6 Magnesium-Based Composites with Y2O3. 5.7 Magnesium-Based Composites with ZrO2. 5.8 Magnesium-Based Composites with CNT. 5.9 Magnesium-Based Composites with Metallic Additions. 5.10 Bimetal Mg/Al Macrocomposite. 6 CORROSION ASPECTS OF MAGNESIUM-BASED MATERIALS. 6.1 Introduction. 6.2 Types of Corrosion. 6.3 Influence of Impurity. 6.4 Corrosion Behavior of Magnesium-Based Materials. 6.5 Ways to Reduce Corrosion. 6.6 Summary. References. 7 STRENGTH-DUCTILITY COMBINATIONS OF MAGNESIUM-BASED MATERIALS. 7.1 0.2% Yield Strength "/i> 100 MPa and Ductility Matrix. 7.2 0.2% Yield Strength 100-150 MPa and Ductility Matrix. 7.3 0.2% Yield Strength 150-200 MPa and Ductility Matrix. 7.4 0.2% Yield Strength 200-250 MPa and Ductility Matrix. 7.5 0.2% Yield Strength 250-300 MPa and Ductility Matrix. 7.6 0.2% Yield Strength 300 MPa and Ductility Matrix. APPENDIX: LIST OF SOME MAGNESIUM SUPPLIERS. ABOUT THE AUTHORS. INDEX.
International Journal of Production Research Supply-chain Uncertainty: a Review and Theoretical Foundation for Future Research Supply-chain Uncertainty: a Review and Theoretical Foundation for Future Research

This article may be used for research, teaching, and private study purposes. Any substantial or systematic reproduction, redistribution, reselling, loan, sub-licensing, systematic supply, or distribution in any form to anyone is expressly forbidden. The publisher does not give any warranty express or implied or make any representation that the contents will be complete or accurate or up to date. The accuracy of any instructions, formulae, and drug doses should be independently verified with primary sources. The publisher shall not be liable for any loss, actions, claims, proceedings, demand, or costs or damages whatsoever or howsoever caused arising directly or indirectly in connection with or arising out of the use of this material. Supply-chain uncertainty is an issue with which every practising manager wrestles, deriving from the increasing complexity of global supply networks. Taking a broad view of supply-chain uncertainty (incorporating supply-chain risk), this paper seeks to review the literature in this area and develop a theoretical foundation for future research. The literature review identifies a comprehensive list of 14 sources of uncertainty, including those that have received much research attention, such as the bullwhip effect, and those more recently described, such as parallel interaction. Approaches to managing these sources of uncertainty are classified into: 10 approaches that seek to reduce uncertainty at its source; and, 11 approaches that seek to cope with it, thereby minimising its impact on performance. Manufacturing strategy theory, including the concepts of alignment and contingency, is then used to develop a model of supply-chain uncertainty, which is populated using the literature review to show alignment between uncertainty sources and management strategies. Future research proposed includes more empirical research in order to further investigate: which uncertainties occur in particular industrial contexts; the impact of appropriate sources/management strategy alignment on performance; and the complex interplay between management strategies and multiple sources of uncertainty (positive or negative). 1. Introduction Supply-chain uncertainty is an issue with which every practising manager wrestles (Hult et al. 2010), deriving from the increasing complexity of global supply-chain networks, which include increased potential for delivery delays and quality problems (Bhatnagar and Sohal 2005). As early as Davis (1993), it has been argued that such uncertainties, which 'plague complex networks', are a major problem and important to understand. However, in the intervening years, while there has been much research into specific sources of supply-chain uncertainty, either relevant to internal manufacturing processes, supply-side processes, or demand-side issues …
Sexual Behaviors, Perception of Sexually Transmitted Infection Risk, and Practice of Safe Sex Among Southern African American Women Who Have Sex With Women

Background Women who have sex with women (WSW) and women who have sex with women and men (WSWM) are frequently perceived to be at low risk for sexually transmitted infections (STIs), although data show that their STI rates are similar to heterosexual women. Little research has examined sexual behaviors, perceptions of STI risk, and practice of safe sex among African American WSW/WSWM living in the Southern United States, a population of women likely to be at high risk for STIs. Methods Focus group discussions were conducted with African American WSW/WSWM living in Birmingham, Alabama, to explore their sexual behaviors with women, perceptions of STI risk from female (and male) sexual partners, and practice of safe sex. Digital audio-recordings were transcribed and analyzed using HyperRESEARCH software. Results Seven focus groups were conducted between August 2011 and March 2012, with 29 total participants. Women reported a broad range of sexual behaviors with female partners. They were more aware of their risk for STI acquisition from male partners than from female partners and felt that their best options for safe sex in their relationships with women were practicing good hygiene and requiring proof of STI testing results. Conclusions African American WSW/WSWM in this study were aware of their STI risk, more so with regard to men, and desired accurate information on safer sex options in their sexual relationships with women. Health care providers can assist these women by helping them apply their existing knowledge of heterosexual STI transmission to their female sexual partnerships.
Spatial epidemiology of networked metapopulation: an overview

An emerging disease is one infectious epidemic caused by a newly transmissible pathogen, which has either appeared for the first time or already existed in human populations, having the capacity to increase rapidly in incidence as well as geographic range. Adapting to human immune system, emerging diseases may trigger large-scale pandemic spreading, such as the transnational spreading of SARS, the global outbreak of A(H1N1), and the recent potential invasion of avian influenza A(H7N9). To study the dynamics mediating the transmission of emerging diseases, spatial epidemiology of networked metapopulation provides a valuable modeling framework, which takes spatially distributed factors into consideration. This review elaborates the latest progresses on the spatial metapopulation dynamics, discusses empirical and theoretical findings that verify the validity of networked metapopulations, and the sketches application in evaluating the effectiveness of disease intervention strategies as well.
Successive requirement of Glass and Hazy for photoreceptor specification and maintenance in Drosophila

ABSTRACT Development of the insect compound eye requires a highly controlled interplay between transcription factors. However, the genetic mechanisms that link early eye field specification to photoreceptor terminal differentiation and fate maintenance remain largely unknown. Here, we decipher the function of 2 transcription factors, Glass and Hazy, which play a central role during photoreceptor development. The regulatory interactions between Glass and Hazy suggest that they function together in a coherent feed-forward loop in all types of Drosophila photoreceptors. While the glass mutant eye lacks the expression of virtually all photoreceptor genes, young hazy mutants correctly express most phototransduction genes. Interestingly, the expression of these genes is drastically reduced in old hazy mutants. This age-dependent loss of the phototransduction cascade correlates with a loss of phototaxis in old hazy mutant flies. We conclude that Glass can either directly or indirectly initiate the expression of most phototransduction proteins in a Hazy-independent manner, and that Hazy is mainly required for the maintenance of functional photoreceptors in adult flies.
SubMAP: Aligning Metabolic Pathways with Subnetwork Mappings

We consider the problem of aligning two metabolic pathways. Unlike traditional approaches, we do not restrict the alignment to one-to-one mappings between the molecules (nodes) of the input pathways (graphs). We follow the observation that, in nature, different organisms can perform the same or similar functions through different sets of reactions and molecules. The number and the topology of the molecules in these alternative sets often vary from one organism to another. With the motivation that an accurate biological alignment should be able to reveal these functionally similar molecule sets across different species, we develop an algorithm that first measures the similarities between different nodes using a mixture of homology and topological similarity. We combine the two metrics by employing an eigenvalue formulation. We then search for an alignment between the two input pathways that maximizes a similarity score, evaluated as the sum of the similarities of the mapped subnetworks of size at most a given integer k, and also does not contain any conflicting mappings. Here we prove that this maximization is NP-hard by a reduction from the maximum weight independent set (MWIS) problem. We then convert our problem to an instance of MWIS and use an efficient vertex-selection strategy to extract the mappings that constitute our alignment. We name our algorithm SubMAP (Subnetwork Mappings in Alignment of Pathways). We evaluate its accuracy and performance on real datasets. Our empirical results demonstrate that SubMAP can identify biologically relevant mappings that are missed by traditional alignment methods. Furthermore, we observe that SubMAP is scalable for metabolic pathways of arbitrary topology, including searching for a query pathway of size 70 against the complete KEGG database of 1,842 pathways. Implementation in C++ is available at http://bioinformatics.cise. ufl.edu/SubMAP.html.
Achievable degrees of freedom on K-user MIMO multi-way relay channel with common and private messages

This paper investigates the achievable total degrees of freedom (DoF) of the MIMO multi-way relay channel that consists of K users, where each user is equipped with M antennas, and a decode-and-forward relay equipped with N antennas. In this channel, each user wants to convey K - 1 private messages to the other users in addition to a common message to all of them. Due to the absence of direct links between the users, communication occurs through the relay in two phases: a multiple access channel (MAC) phase and a broadcast (BC) phase. We derive cut-set bounds on the total DoF of the network, and show that the network has DoF less than or equal to K min {N, M}. Achievability of the upper bound is shown by using signal space alignment for network coding in the MAC phase, and zero- forcing precoding in the BC phase. We show that introducing the common messages besides the private messages leads to achieving higher total DoF than using the private messages only.
Circulating Human B Cells That Express Surrogate Light Chains Display a Unique Antibody Repertoire1

Circulating human B cells that coexpress V-preB and conventional L chains (V-preB+L+ B cells) are a recently described subset of B cells that express Abs with features of self-reactivity. Initial analysis of V-preB+L+ B cells was limited to Ig-κ and to the small, underused VH5 family. To determine whether Abs commonly expressed by V-preB+L+ B cells show similar features, we analyzed Ig H chains from three highly expressed VH families, VH1, VH3, and VH4, and Ig-λ. We find that VH1 and VH3 Abs expressed by V-preB+L+ B cells resemble VH5 in that they display increased JH6 use, long CDR3s, and an increased frequency of D-D fusions. Abs in all three of these VH families also show skewed D reading frame use resulting in predominance of hydrophobic amino acids, which are counterselected in conventional B cells. Like Ig-κ genes, the Ig-λ genes in V-preB+L+ B cells show long CDR3s, but they differ from Ig-κ genes in that they display no evidence of receptor editing. We conclude that a large number of H and L chain Abs expressed by V-preB+L+ B cells display features associated with self-reactive Abs.
Oil‐Less Silicon Nitride Bearings for an Advanced Military Expendable Turbojet Engine

This paper describes the progress in developing oil-less silicon nitride bearings for Sundstrand Power Systems’ turbojet engine, TJ-SO, a high-speed engine designed for short-life, air-borne missions. The motivation was to eliminate the oil-lubrication system to reduce cost and improve system performance. Cercom, Inc. fabricated rods and tubular blanks from a class I bearing-grade silicon nitride (PSO-H1) processed by nitridation of a powder mix containing silicon and fully densified by hot-isostatic pressing. Unlubricated rolling-contact-fatigue tests conducted at University of Utah indicated significant wear of the silicon nitride, pointing to a need for solid lubricants. Two candidate solid lubricants, molybdenum disulphide and cesium oxythiotungstate, and two bearing greases, were evaluated using a bearing and rotor dynamics simulator rig. The rotor shaft with integral bearing inner raceways and the outer races were machined from the PSOHI blanks by a vendor. Grade 3 bearing balls were obtained from a commercial source. The results of the rig tests indicated poor performance with the two solid lubricants. Encouraging results were obtained with a lithium-based polyalphaolefm (PAO) grease, especially when the metallic cage was retained in the bearings. INTRODUCTION Sundstrand Power Systems is developing a miniature, expendable, military turbojet engine, Sundstrand’s TJ-SOC, with partial funding from a DARPA Advanced Materials Partnership program. Silicon nitride is the material of choice for a number of components of TJ-SOC, including the turbine rotor, nozzle, and the main-shaft bearings. The design, analysis and testing of the rotor and the nozzle and the reduced-cost manufacturing of these components have been discussed in other companion papers. ’-’ This paper discusses the design, fabrication, and testing of the all-silicon-nitride bearings for the TJ-SOC. In this effort, Sundstrand Power Systems was assisted by Cercom Inc. (material development and component fabrication) and University of Utah (laboratory testing). To the extent authorized under the laws of the United States of America, all copyright interests in thii publication are the property of The American Ceramic Society. Any duplication, reproduction, or re ublication of this ublication or any part thereof, without the express written consent of The American Ceramic society or fee pail to the Copyright &earance Center, is prohibited. 533 Ceramic Engineering and Science Proceedings © 1999 The American Ceramic Society Ersan Ustundag & Gary Fischman
Upregulation of MiR-1280 Expression in Non-small Cell Lung Cancer Tissues

Background: Non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) is a prolific and high-mortality disease with few effective treatments. Although the detection and surgical techniques for NSCLC continue to advance, the survival rate for the patients with NSCLC remains poor. Enhanced predictive biomarkers such as microRNAs (miRNAs) are needed at the time of diagnosis to better tailor therapies for patients. This study focused on the expression of miR-1280 in NSCLC tissues and distal normal tissues in order to explore the association between miR-1280 expression and NSCLC. Methods: A total of 72 newly diagnosed primary NSCLC patients were enrolled in this study. Quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) was performed to identify the expression level of miR-1280 in the NSCLC tissues and distal normal tissues of these patients. Results: The miR-1280 expression was significantly higher in the NSCLC tissues (0.084 ± 0.099) than distal normal tissues (0.014 ± 0.015, P = 0.009). In 54 patients (75%), the miR-1280 expression in the NSCLC tissues was upregulated (2−&Dgr;&Dgr;ct > 2), and no case showed a downregulation of miR-1280 expression. Conclusions: The expression level of miR-1280 could be regarded as a biomarker for NSCLC.
Crystal structure of the 1:1 adduct of 2,3-diphenyl-3,4,5,6-tetrahydro-2H-1,3-thiazin-4-one with triphenyltin chloride

In the adduct resulting from the reaction of 2,3-diphenyl-3,4,5,6-tetrahydro-2H-1,3-thiazin-4-one with triphenyltin chloride, the three rings of the triphenyltin group are involved in intramolecular interactions of different types, and all the phenyl rings participate in intermolecular π–π interactions.
Fabrication of drug eluting Ti implants for dental/orthopedic applications

Titanium and its alloys are typically used for fabrication of dental and orthopedic implants as they posses various desirable properties including biocompatibility and corrosion resistance. In spite of such benefits, titanium implants show lack of osseointegration after surgery in minor cases. The objective of this research has been to modify the surface of titanium alloy for medical applications through increasing surface hydrophilicity and drug loading. Primarily, anodization method is employed for fabrication of nanotubes on titanium surface to act as anchoring cite for cells. Considering the key role of surface hydrophilicity on cellular attachment to the surface and subsequent biological behavior of attached cells, the fabrication condition of nanotubes during anodization and following heat treatment is optimized. It is shown that anodization voltage, anodization duration and heat treatment temperature and duration can be controlled to fabricate a nanotubular surface that maintains its hydrophilicity over a long period of time. In order to verify the role of surface morphology on obtained characteristics, smooth, anodized-smooth, rough and anodized-rough surfaces are explored. The results show that anodized-smooth and anodized-rough surfaces show higher hydrophilicity than non anodized surfaces. Hydrophilic nanotubes not only promote cell adsorption; but also increase absorption of aqueous drug solution. Consequently, nanotubes are successfully loaded with drug and act as nano drug reservoirs that are potential to deliver the loaded drug locally after surgery. It is shown that dimension of nanotubes can affect rate of drug release. In fact the results indicate that nanotubes with higher aspect ratio (ratio of length to diameter) prolong drug release. A novel method for fabrication of naotubes was investigated which suggests a new way for controlling length of nanotubes. It is shown that heat treatment of the substrate prior to anodization affects length of nanotubes obtained eventually after anodization. In fact, the results show that anatase crystalline structure affects mechanism of formation of nanotubes to form longer nanotubes. Finally, it is demonstrated that corrosion resistance of heat treated nanotubular surface is higher than either heat treated surface or nanotubular surface alone.
RESEARCH IN BIOLOGICAL PSYCHIATRY IN INDIA

I consider it a proud privilege and pleasure to address you as the incoming president of Indian Psychiatric Society. It is indeed an honour bestowed upon me to be the president of IPS. My first words to you are an expression of thanks for having elected me to this revered position. I am honoured by your trust and deem it a privilege to serve the society. I look forward with enthusiasm to the coming year and solicit your co-operation in the discharge of my responsibilities. Most of my honourable predecessors have delivered their presidential address on a specific theme, and I will not break the tradition.