Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Retinal Region of Polarization Sensitivity Switches during Ontogeny of Rainbow Trout

Polarization sensitivity (PS) in vertebrate vision is controversial, perhaps because its underlying mechanism has remained obscure. An issue that might have added to the controversy is that rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss), which have served as the primary model system for polarization-based orientation, lose their ability to orient relative to celestial polarized-light patterns when parr (fry) transform into migratory smolts (juveniles), which would benefit most from polarization-based orientation. Here we addressed two key questions: (1) what is the mechanism underling PS? , and (2) how can the paradoxical loss of PS in trout smolts be reconciled? We assessed PS from optic nerve recordings in parr and smolts and found that the retinal region with enhanced PS shifted from the ventral retina in parr to the dorsal retina in smolts. This adaptation may allow fish to use the most reliable polarization field encountered at each life stage, the celestial polarization field in the shallow-swimming parr and the depth-insensitive underwater polarization field in the deep-swimming smolts. In addition, we assessed spectral sensitivity across the retina and during ontogeny and fit a cascade retinal model to PS data. We found that differential contribution of two cone detectors with orthogonal PS could drive the variation in PS and that feedback from horizontal cells to cones could explain the differential amplification of PS. This elegant arrangement, in which weak PS of cones is amplified and tuned by retinal networks, allows for PS without interfering with sampling of other visual information and illustrates how sensory systems may simultaneously process disparate aspects of physical environments.
GA-ANFIS Expert System Prototype for Prediction of Dermatological Diseases

This paper presents novel GA-ANFIS expert system prototype for dermatological disease detection by using dermatological features and diagnoses collected in real conditions. Nine dermatological features are used as inputs to classifiers that are based on Adaptive Neuro-Fuzzy Inference Systems (ANFIS) for the first level of fuzzy model optimization. After that, they are used as inputs in Genetic Algorithm (GA) for the second level of fuzzy model optimization within GA-ANFIS system. GA-ANFIS system performs optimization in two steps. Modelling and validation of the novel GA-ANFIS system approach is performed in MATLAB environment by using validation set of data. Some conclusions concerning the impacts of features on the detection of dermatological diseases were obtained through analysis of the GA-ANFIS. We compared GA-ANFIS and ANFIS results. The results confirmed that the proposed GA-ANFIS model achieved accuracy rates which are higher than the ones we got by ANFIS model.
High-redshift X-ray properties of the haloes of simulated disc galaxies

X-ray luminosities and surface brightness profiles of the hot gas haloes of simulated disc galaxies at redshifts z = 0 2 are presented. The galaxies are extracted from fully cosmological simulations and correspond in mass to the Milky Way. We find that the bolometric X-ray luminosities of the haloes decrease by a factor 4 10 from z � 1 to z � 0, reflecting the decrease in the rate at which hot halo gas cools out on to the disc. At all redshifts, most of the emission is found to originate within 10–15 kpc of the disc. When combined with models in which the evolution of disc X-ray luminosity is dominated by X-ray binaries, the predicted halo luminosities at z � 1 show good agreement with constraints from spiral galaxies in Chandra Deep Field data. There is an indication that haloes with a metal abundance of 0.3Z⊙ overpredict observed Xray luminosities at z � 1, suggesting that halo metallicities are lower than this value. Prospects for direct detection of the haloes of Milky Way–sized galaxies with current and future X-ray instrumentation are discussed. It is found that XEUS should be able to single out the halo emission of highly inclined Milky Way–sized disc galaxies out to z � 0.3. For such galaxies in this redshift interval, we estimate a lower limit to the surface density of detectable haloes on the sky of � 10 deg −2 . More generally, owing to their luminosity evolution, the optimum redshifts at which to observe such haloes could be 0.5 < z < 1, depending on their assembly history.
The effect of disulfiram on catecholamine levels in the brain.

Disulfiram, a potent inhibitor of dopamine-β-hydroxylase, is effective in lowering endogenous norepinephrine and in elevating endogenous dopamine in the norepinephrine-containing regions of the brain. The decrease in the norepinephrine content exceeded the increase in the dopamine content in all analyzed regions of the brain. In animals pretreated with the monoamine oxidase inhibitor pheniprazine, there was a closer correlation between the decrease in the norepinephrine content and the increase in the dopamine content in the hypothalamus and brainstem. Disulfiram also inhibits the replenishment of brain norepinephrine stores after depletion by oxypertine or reserpine. α-Methyl-L-tyrosine, an inhibitor of tyrosine hydroxylase, and disulfiram, an inhibitor of dopamine-β-hydroxylase, were compared with respect to the lowering of norepinephrine in the brain. Two hours after administration of the inhibitors, disulfiram was more effective in lowering the norepinephrine levels than α-methyl-L-tyrosine.
Somatostatin Receptor 2 A Expression in Choroidal Neovascularization Secondary to Age-Related Macular Degeneration

PURPOSE. The growth of ocular neovascularization is regulated by a balance between stimulating and inhibiting growth factors. Somatostatin affects angiogenesis by inhibiting the growth hormone– insulin-like growth factor axis and also has a direct antiproliferative effect on human retinal endothelial cells. The purpose of our study is to investigate the expression of somatostatin receptor (sst) subtypes and particularly sst subtype 2A (sst2A) in normal human macula, and to study sst2A in different stages of age-related maculopathy (ARM), because of the potential anti-angiogenic effect of somatostatin analogues.
Microtubule stabilization specifies initial neuronal polarization

Axon formation is the initial step in establishing neuronal polarity. We examine here the role of microtubule dynamics in neuronal polarization using hippocampal neurons in culture. We see increased microtubule stability along the shaft in a single neurite before axon formation and in the axon of morphologically polarized cells. Loss of polarity or formation of multiple axons after manipulation of neuronal polarity regulators, synapses of amphids defective (SAD) kinases, and glycogen synthase kinase-3β correlates with characteristic changes in microtubule turnover. Consistently, changing the microtubule dynamics is sufficient to alter neuronal polarization. Application of low doses of the microtubule-destabilizing drug nocodazole selectively reduces the formation of future dendrites. Conversely, low doses of the microtubule-stabilizing drug taxol shift polymerizing microtubules from neurite shafts to process tips and lead to the formation of multiple axons. Finally, local stabilization of microtubules using a photoactivatable analogue of taxol induces axon formation from the activated area. Thus, local microtubule stabilization in one neurite is a physiological signal specifying neuronal polarization.
Wavefront-based protection for active distribution grids

Installation of distributed generation in distribution grids may cause malfunctioning of conventional protection systems due to bidirectional flows and increased range of short-circuit current levels. Despite considerable efforts to address these challenges, development of low-cost, high-speed and reliable protection systems for active grids remains an open research question. This paper presents a new wavefront-based protection system for medium voltage lines of a substation in an active grid. The protection does not require voltage measurements and relies only on local current measurements and binary signals received from neighboring protection terminals. The fault occurrence is detected by capturing fault-generated current waves using Wavelet Transform. A faulted line in the protection zone is identified through comparative analysis of slopes' signs of current wavefronts obtained locally and from neighboring terminals. The proposed algorithm potentially offers high-speed and reliable protection of any number of interconnected lines, which is demonstrated on the IEEE 34-bus distribution system.
Timely crawling of high-quality ephemeral new content

In this paper, we study the problem of timely finding and crawling of \textit{ephemeral} new pages, i.e., for which user traffic grows really quickly right after they appear, but lasts only for several days (e.g., news, blog and forum posts). Traditional crawling policies do not give any particular priority to such pages and may thus crawl them not quickly enough, and even crawl already obsolete content. We thus propose a new metric, well thought out for this task, which takes into account the decrease of user interest for ephemeral pages over time. We show that most ephemeral new pages can be found at a relatively small set of content sources and suggest a method for finding such a set. Our idea is to periodically recrawl content sources and crawl newly created pages linked from them, focusing on high-quality (in terms of user interest) content. One of the main difficulties here is to divide resources between these two activities in an efficient way. We find the adaptive balance between crawls and recrawls by maximizing the proposed metric. Further, we incorporate search engine click logs to give our crawler an insight about the current user demands. The effectiveness of our approach is finally demonstrated experimentally on real-world data.
Colles' fracture; a study of end results.

Some years ago it was decided to study the end results of Colles' fracture. A chart was prepared and an attempt made to follow patients at least two years. This objective was attained in only 46 of the 361 cases of Colles' fracture studied. However, 35 other cases were followed long enough for the end result to be determined, making a total of 81. Over this same period my colleagues and I ascertained the late results in an additional 54 cases (not included in our 361) with enough deformity of the wrist to be recognized as cases of old Colles' fracture. All 361 patients in this series were treated in a similar manner. The sole important variable was the amount of wrist flexion in which immobilization was carried out after manual reduction. Only plaster splint fixation was used. The dorsal splint was carried distal to the knuckles and the volar
Conserving coral reef organisms that lack larval dispersal: are networks of Marine Protected Areas good enough?

INTRODUCTION Coral reef ecosystems are under increasing threat due to the synergistic effects of habitat destruction, overfishing, eutrophication and climate change (Hughes et al., 2003, 2007; Hoegh-Guldberg et al., 2007). In response to these threats, management strategies that implement networks of Marine Protected Areas (MPAs) have gained momentum in the past few decades. Networks of MPAs can protect coral reef biodiversity from anthropogenic impacts either by eliminating the impacts of overfishing and habitat destruction, or by increasing ecosystem resilience to other anthropogenic disturbances (Russ and Zeller, 2003; McCook et al., 2010). For networks of MPAs to be effective they must meet three key elements. Individual MPAs must be (1) partially self-seeding (Almany et al., 2007, 2009), (2) adequately connected to other MPAs via dispersal (Jones et al., 2007; Almany et al., 2009), and (3) they must protect target organisms during life stages when they are most vulnerable to anthropogenic impact (Zeller and Russ, 1998). Accordingly, MPAs should be large enough to encompass individual home ranges of the target species and to ensure a portion of the larvae produced within a MPA settles within its boundaries (Almany et al., 2009). Furthermore, networks of MPAs must ensure genetic and demographic connectivity between protected areas. Connectivity is defined as the exchange of individuals between populations. Connectivity bolsters local resilience to stochastic demographic fluctuations and in so doing, minimizes genetic erosion, the risk of inbreeding depression and ultimately maximizes adaptive potential (Almany et al., 2009). Here we discuss how different life history strategies may affect the feasibility of achieving the three requirements for effective long-term conservation (selfseeding, connectivity, and protection). While sedentary organisms with a pelagic larval phase (most reef fishes and invertebrates), readily achieve this trinity (Planes et al., 2009), animals where dispersal only occurs as adults inevitably fail to meet all three requirements simultaneously (Figure 1). Here we propose a potential solution focusing on incorporating information on how habitat shapes adult dispersal to increase connectivity within networks of MPAs.
Semantic Heterogeneity Reduction for Big Data in Industrial Automation

The large amounts of diverse data collected in industrial au- tomation domain, such as sensor measurements together with informa- tion in MES/ERP 1 systems need special handling that was not possible in past. The Big Data technologies contribute a lot to the possibility of analyzing such amounts of data. However, we need to handle not only data volume, which is usually the major focus of Big Data research, but we also need to focus on variety of data. In this paper, we primarily focus on variety of industrial automation data and present and discuss a possible approach of handling the semantic heterogeneity of them. We show the process of heterogeneity reduction that exploits Semantic Web technologies. The steps include construction of upper ontology describ- ing all data sources, transformation of data according to this ontology and finally the analysis with the help of Big Data paradigm. The pro- posed approach is demonstrated on data measured by sensors in a passive house.
Path-dependent and path-breaking change: reconfiguring business resources following acquisitions in the U.S. medical sector, 1978–1995

This paper studies how firms use acquisitions to achieve long-term business reconfiguration. We base the study in a routine-based perspective on business dynamics. We develop and test hypotheses concerning the relative extent of change by acquiring and non-acquiring businesses, focusing on product line addition, retention, and deletion as forms of changing resources. We develop and test hypotheses that compare and contrast resource-deepening and resource extension arguments. We test the hypotheses with data from more than 3000 firms that offered more than 200 product lines in the U.S. medical sector between 1978 and 1995. We find that acquisitions play a major role in business reconfiguration, offering opportunities for firms to both build on existing resources and obtain substantially different resources.
Vitamin D in Older Adults: The Need to Specify Standard Values with Respect to Cognition

Besides its classical function of bone metabolism regulation, vitamin D exhibits multiple biological targets mediated by its nuclear hormone receptor, the vitamin D receptor (VDR) (Holick, 2007; Kalueff and Tuohimaa, 2007; Annweiler et al., 2010a, 2011b). Specific actions on target organs such as the central nervous system (CNS) have been described, providing evidence for a neurosteroid action of vitamin D (Kalueff and Tuohimaa, 2007; Annweiler et al., 2010a). Consistently, older adults with lower serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25OHD) concentrations exhibit more often and more severe cognitive decline (Annweiler et al., 2009, 2013a,b; Balion et al., 2012; Etgen et al., 2012). At that point, an important issue to be clarified is to determine what concentration of 25OHD is associated with adverse effects in the brain.
Controllability of Lie-Poisson reduced dynamics

We present sufficient conditions for the controllability of the reduced dynamics of a class of mechanical systems with symmetry. We prove conditions (boundedness of coadjoint orbits and existence of a radially unbounded Lyapunov function) under which the drift vector field (of the reduced system) is weakly positively Poisson stable (WPPS). The WPPS nature of the drift vector field along with the Lie algebra rank condition is used to show controllability of the reduced system. We discuss the dynamics, Lie-Poisson reduction, and controllability of hovercraft and underwater vehicles, all treated as rigid bodies.
Characterization of Information Channels for Asymptotic Mean Stationarity and Stochastic Stability of Nonstationary/Unstable Linear Systems

Stabilization of nonstationary linear systems over noisy communication channels is considered. Stochastically stable sources, and unstable but noise-free or bounded-noise systems have been extensively studied in the information theory and control theory literature since the 1970s, with a renewed interest in the past decade. There have also been studies on noncausal and causal coding of unstable/nonstationary linear Gaussian sources. In this paper, tight necessary and sufficient conditions for stochastic stabilizability of unstable (nonstationary) possibly multidimensional linear systems driven by Gaussian noise over discrete channels (possibly with memory and feedback) are presented. Stochastic stability notions include recurrence, asymptotic mean stationarity and sample path ergodicity, and the existence of finite second moments. Our constructive proof uses random-time state-dependent stochastic drift criteria for stabilization of Markov chains. For asymptotic mean stationarity (and thus sample path ergodicity), it is sufficient that the capacity of a channel is (strictly) greater than the sum of the logarithms of the unstable pole magnitudes for memoryless channels and a class of channels with memory. This condition is also necessary under a mild technical condition. Sufficient conditions for the existence of finite average second moments for such systems driven by unbounded noise are provided.
Large genomic aberrations detected by SNP array are independent prognosticators of a shorter time to first treatment in chronic lymphocytic leukemia patients with normal FISH.

BACKGROUND Genomic complexity can predict the clinical course of patients affected by chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) with a normal FISH. However, large studies are still lacking. Here, we analyzed a large series of CLL patients and also carried out the so far largest comparison of FISH versus single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) array in this disease. PATIENTS AND METHODS SNP-array data were derived from a previously reported dataset. RESULTS Seventy-seven of 329 CLL patients (23%) presented with a normal FISH. At least one large (>5 Mb) genomic aberration was detected by SNP array in 17 of 77 patients (22%); this finding significantly affected TTT. There was no correlation with the presence of TP53 mutations. In multivariate analysis, including age, Binet stage, IGHV genes mutational status and large genomic lesion, the latter three factors emerged as independent prognosticators. The concordance between FISH and SNP array varied between 84 and 97%, depending on the specific genomic locus investigated. CONCLUSIONS SNP array detected additional large genomic aberrations not covered by the standard FISH panel predicting the outcome of CLL patients.
Modeling and simulation environment for photonic interconnection networks in high performance computing

Computer network architects are concerned with reducing the execution time of applications while maintaining or reducing power consumption of the system. In order to demonstrate the advantages of photonic interconnection networks at the scale of high performance computer clusters and warehouse scale data centers, system level simulations are required. To achieve an appropriate level of accuracy both for device detail and system scale, a simulation suite, rather than a single simulation tool will be most efficient. We present our work on this topic and results for rack scale photonic interconnection networks for high performance computing.
Hispanic population change in southwestern Detroit and surrounding suburbs, 1990–2000: a study of the succession process

Rapid growth in Hispanic population in southwestern Detroit during the 1990s led to a transformation of the area from predominantly non-Hispanic white to Hispanic. Focusing on the Hispanic population, a typology of racial/ethnic changes between 1990 and 2000 is undertaken in 99 census tracts in southwestern Detroit and surrounding suburbs. Two of the tract types that experienced the greatest transition to Hispanic underwent substantial declines in non-Hispanic white population, but still experienced growth in total population. At the same time, these tracts experienced a decline in housing stock, which undoubtedly put pressure on the ability to secure housing. Although Hispanics could afford to reside in predominantly black tracts, few did so, probably indicating competition for scarce housing resources. Contiguous to the rapidly transitioning tracts is the suburb of Dearborn, which contains an established Arab enclave. Median housing values in these tracts were about three times that of tracts in the area undergoing succession to Hispanic population, which helps to explain why these tracts experienced little growth in Hispanic population. Not surprisingly, predominantly white tracts in the suburbs also experienced little growth in Hispanic population due to higher housing values. It is concluded that limited financial resources of Hispanics as well as competition for affordable housing in the city were responsible for the rapid growth and concentration of the Hispanic population in southwestern Detroit.
VHDL implementation of the lane detection algorithm

The aim of the following paper is to present a proposed VHDL implementation of a vision based lane detection algorithm. During the research several approaches to edge and line detection were analysed, which resulted in an optimal combination. The proposed algorithm is based on the Canny edge detector and the linear Hough transform for line detection. The system had been pre-developed using the Matlab environment, followed by a synthesizable hardware description using VHDL. A wide range of testing procedures for structural and behavioural verification was designed. The presented evaluation of both the hardware and software simulations, as well as the synthesis results proved high capabilities of the designed architecture.
Advertencias explícitas y falsas memorias para un suceso en adultos jóvenes y mayors

Resumen En esta investigación se analiza el efecto de las advertencias explícitas en el reconocimiento de las acciones verbales y visuales de un atraco en adultos jóvenes y mayores. El objetivo es comprobar si advertir antes de la prueba de reconocimiento sobre el fenómeno de las falsas memorias puede reducir o evitar los errores. Se valoraron los aciertos, las falsas alarmas, la exactitudy el criterio de respuesta, así como los juicios Recordar/Saber/Adivinar para los aciertos y las falsas alarmas. Los mayores aceptaron una mayor proporción de acciones falsas y fueron menos exactos que los jóvenes. Las advertencias produjeron una menor proporción de falsas alarmas para las acciones verbales en los jóvenes, sin afectar a las acciones visuales. Además, los participantes con advertencias acompañaron su reconocimiento correcto con juicios recordar en mayor medida que los participantes sin advertencias, pero no hubo diferencias entre los grupos en los juicios que acompañaron al reconocimiento falso. Por tanto, las falsas memorias para el suceso fueron resistentes a las advertencias explícitas.