Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Eyes wide shut: Protein kinase C isozymes are not the only receptors for the phorbol ester tumor promoters

In addition to the well‐characterized interaction with classical and novel protein kinase C (PKC) isozymes, the phorbol ester tumor promoters bind to other receptors lacking kinase activity. Among these novel phorbol ester receptors, two families of proteins may play a role in the regulation of cell growth and malignant transformation: chimaerins and ras guanyl–releasing protein (ras‐GRP). These proteins possess a single copy of the C1 domain that is involved in binding of phorbol esters and the lipid second messenger diacylglycerol. Four isoforms of chimaerins (α1‐, α2‐, β1‐, and β2‐chimaerins) have been isolated to‐date, all of them possessing GTPase‐activating protein activity for Rac, a small GTP‐binding protein that controls actin cytoskeleton organization, cell‐cycle progression, adhesion, and migration. Ras‐GRP is a guanine nucleotide exchange factor for ras and promotes malignant transformation in fibroblasts in a phorbol ester–dependent manner. The C1 domain in Ras‐GRP may, therefore, have a dominant role in Ras‐GRP activation and is essential for phorbol ester–dependent activation of downstream effectors of ras, i.e., the mitogen‐activated protein kinase cascade. Thus, a novel concept emerges in which phorbol esters may exert cellular responses through pathways not involving phorbol ester–responsive PKC isozymes. The discovery of “nonPKC” phorbol ester receptors adds an additional level of complexity to the understanding of phorbol ester effects and the molecular mechanisms of carcinogenesis. Mol. Carcinog. 28:5–11, 2000. © 2000 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Homeless Educational Policy: Exploring a Racialized Discourse Through a Critical Race Theory Lens

A qualitative research study conducted in two public high schools in an urban area of the Midwest sought to explore the issue of race as it pertains to educational policy implementation for unaccompanied homeless youth of color. Critical Race Theory (CRT) served as the guiding frame and method, uncovering the underlying theme of race in school structures, adult perceptions, and McKinney–Vento policy. Findings indicate a need to further explore the role race plays in understanding, framing, and implementing McKinney–Vento policy in schools.
State of the Union : Dependent Type Inference via Craig Interpolation

The ad-hoc use of unions to encode disjoint sum types in C programs and the inability of C’s type system to check the safe us e of these unions is a long standing source of subtle bugs. We pres nt a dependent type system that rigorously captures the ad-hoc protocols that programmers use to encode disjoint sums, and intro duce a novel technique for automatically inferring, via Craig In terpolation, those dependent types and thus those protocols. In add ition to checking the safe use of unions, the dependent type inform ation inferred by interpolation gives programmers looking to mod ify or extend legacy code a precise understanding of the condition s under which some fields may be safely accessed. We present an empiri cal evaluation of our technique on 350KLOC of open source C code. In 80 out of 90 predicated edges corresponding to approximat ely 1500 union accesses, our type system is able to infer the corr ct dependent types. This demonstrates that our type system captu res and explicates programmers’ informal reasoning about unions, without requiring manual annotation or rewriting.
Exchange-rate Volatility, Exchange-rate Some New Evidence from Italian Export Data

This paper investigates the relationship between nominal exchange-rate volatility and both export ows and prices by using a multivariate GARCH-in-mean model from 1988 to 1996. The empirical model is applied to the reduced form of both multilateral and bilateral Italian exports and export prices; the countries selected for the bilateral analysis are USA, Germany and France. The standard GARCH-in-mean model has been altered extending the expectations of economic agents up to six months in the future (instead of one month as usual). The model also enables us to estimate the pass-through eeect from the exchange rate to export prices in both the multilateral and the bilateral analysis. Export prices (expressed in domestic currency) do not fully react to exchange rate changes. Moreover, the sensitivity of export prices depends on the destination country. A plausible explanation is the strategy of \pricing to market" by Italian export rms.
A Comparison of Cognitive Bias Modification for Interpretation and Computerized Cognitive Behavior Therapy

Objective: Computerized cognitive behavioral therapy (cCBT) and cognitive bias modification for interpretation (CBM-I) both have demonstrated efficacy in alleviating social anxiety, but how they compare with each other has not been investigated. The present study tested the prediction that both interventions would reduce anxiety relative to a no-intervention comparison condition, but CBM-I would be particularly effective at modifying threat-related cognitive bias under high mental load. Method: Sixty-three primarily Caucasian adults (mean age = 22.7, SD = 5.87; 68.3% female) with high social anxiety, randomly allocated to 3 groups: CBM-I (n = 21), cCBT (n = 21), and a no-intervention control group (n = 21) provided complete data for analysis. Pre- and postintervention (4 sessions lasting 2 weeks, control participants only attended the pre–post sessions) self-report measures of anxiety, depression, attentional control, and threat-related interpretive bias were completed. In addition, interpretive bias under high versus low cognitive load was measured using the Scrambled Sentences Test. Results: Both CBM-I and cCBT groups reported significantly reduced levels of social anxiety, trait anxiety, and depression and improved attentional control, relative to the control group, with no clear superiority of either active intervention. Although both active conditions reduced negative bias on the Scrambled Sentences Test completed under mental load, CBM-I was significantly more effective at doing so. Conclusions: The results suggest that although not differing in therapeutic efficacy, CBM-I and cCBT might differ in the resilience of their effects when under mental load.
Structuration Theory’s Relevance to HRD

Post-positivist methods are common in Human Resource Development (HRD) theory and research, however some argue that this perspective limits analysis, and there is opportunity for more alternative paradigmatic approaches in this discipline (Callahan, 2007; Deetz, 2001; Elliott & Turnbull, 2005; Fenwick, 2004; Githens, 2007; Lynham, 2000; Rigg, Stewart, Trehan, 2004, 2007; Sambrook, 2004, 2008; Stewart, 2007, Valentin, 2006). Structuration theory (ST) is a viable option, as it provides a means for organization analysis and initiation of change interventions, but does so from an alternate paradigm perspective. ST, formulated by Anthony Giddens (1984), provides a framework for understanding the interplay between individuals and organizations and how this interplay develops and provides opportunity for organizational change. The purpose of this article is to illuminate ST as an alternative approach to HRD that does not draw from the post-positivist tradition and provide suggestions for how one might apply this theory toward research.
Limiting distribution of decoherent quantum random walks

The behaviors of one-dimensional quantum random walks are strikingly different from those of classical ones. However, when decoherence is involved, the limiting distributions take on many classical features over time. In this paper, we study the decoherence on both position and ``coin'' spaces of the particle. We propose a new analytical approach to investigate these phenomena and obtain the generating functions which encode all the features of these walks. Specifically, from these generating functions, we find exact analytic expressions of several moments for the time and noise dependence of position. Moreover, the limiting position distributions of decoherent quantum random walks are shown to be Gaussian in an analytical manner. These results explicitly describe the relationship between the system and the level of decoherence.
Screening for Elevated Lead Levels in Childhood and Pregnancy: An Updated Summary of Evidence for the US Preventive Services Task Force

BACKGROUND. In 1996, the US Preventive Services Task Force provided recommendations for routine screening of asymptomatic children and pregnant women for elevated blood lead levels. This review updates the evidence for the benefits and harms of screening and intervention for elevated blood lead in asymptomatic children and pregnant women. METHODS. We searched Medline, reference lists of review articles, and tables of contents of leading pediatric journals for studies published in 1995 or later that contained new information about the prevalence, diagnosis, natural course, or treatment of elevated lead levels in asymptomatic children aged 1 to 5 years and pregnant women. RESULTS. The prevalence of elevated blood lead levels among children and women in the United States, like that in the general population, continues to decline sharply, primarily because of marked reductions in environmental exposure, but still varies substantially among different communities and populations. Similar to the findings in 1996, our searches did not identify direct evidence from controlled studies that screening children for elevated blood lead levels results in improved health outcomes, and there was no direct evidence identified from controlled studies that screening improves pregnancy or perinatal outcomes. No new relevant information regarding the accuracy of screening for lead toxicity was identified during the update, and we did not identify evidence that demonstrates that universal screening for blood lead results in better clinical outcomes than targeted screening. Substantial new relevant information regarding the adverse effects of screening and interventions was not identified. CONCLUSIONS. There is no persuasive evidence that screening for elevated lead levels in asymptomatic children will improve clinical outcomes. For those children who are screened and found to have elevated levels, there is conflicting evidence demonstrating the clinical effectiveness of early detection and intervention.
Prefrontal‐hippocampal‐fusiform activity during encoding predicts intraindividual differences in free recall ability: An event‐related functional‐anatomic MRI study

The ability to spontaneously recall recently learned information is a fundamental mnemonic activity of daily life, but has received little study using functional neuroimaging. We developed a functional MRI (fMRI) paradigm to study regional brain activity during encoding that predicts free recall. In this event‐related fMRI study, ten lists of fourteen pictures of common objects were shown to healthy young individuals and regional brain activity during encoding was analyzed based on subsequent free recall performance. Free recall of items was predicted by activity during encoding in hippocampal, fusiform, and inferior prefrontal cortical regions. Within‐subject variance in free recall performance for the ten lists was predicted by a linear combination of condition‐specific inferior prefrontal, hippocampal, and fusiform activity. Recall performance was better for lists in which prefrontal activity was greater for all items of the list and hippocampal and fusiform activity were greater specifically for items that were recalled from the list. Thus, the activity of medial temporal, fusiform, and prefrontal brain regions during the learning of new information is important for the subsequent free recall of this information. These fronto‐temporal brain regions act together as a large‐scale memory‐related network, the components of which make distinct yet interacting contributions during encoding that predict subsequent successful free recall performance. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Reply: Randomized controlled trial of resection versus radiotherapy after induction chemotherapy in stage IIIA-N2 non-small cell lung cancer.

A recent article in the Journal of the National Cancer Institute presented results of the EORTC 08941 study.1 The main conclusion was that surgical (i.e., chemotherapy and surgical resection) and non-surgical multimodality treatments (chemotherapy and radiotherapy) led to similar 5-year survival rates of approximately 15% among selected patients with stage IIIA-N2 non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) with response to induction chemotherapy. This important study must be understood in its appropriate context of patients with unresectable IIIA-N2 disease: induction chemotherapy did not convert unresectable disease into resectable—as illustrated by the 50% incomplete resection rate in the surgery arm—and, not unexpectedly, did not result in better outcome compared with radiotherapy. The crucial term “unresectable” was not clearly defined in the article. In the initial protocol (October 15, 1994), patients were eligible if “judged by the responsible surgeon to have irresectable N2-disease. ” This vital criterion was amended to the “guidelines for irresectability” as they are mentioned in the publication on page 443, by an amendment on September 15, 2000. Consequently, proper guidelines for irresectability were in place only in the final part of the recruitment (September 2000 until December 2002). Another concern is how the assessment of irresectability was performed. This is a complex multidisciplinary process. This had to be “judged by an experienced thoracic surgeon,” but there were 23 centers that randomized 1% of the patients. Was a multidisciplinary team with sufficient expertise in assessing resectability in N2 disease available? Different European series with dedicated assessment of resectability point at remarkably similar 5-year survival rates of 36% (Swiss group),2 34% (Essen group),3 or 30% (Leuven group)4 among patients with IIIA-N2 disease with resection after induction treatment. Even if non randomized, all were well-designed prospective trials, with intent-to-treat reporting and reliable long-term follow-up. In the randomized US Intergroup data, 5-year survival again was 36%, if the mortality of pneumonectomy could be avoided.5 The rationale of these studies is to provide surgery as the best local treatment for resectable NSCLC and improve outcome by induction therapy to manage distant micrometastasis. In this respect, it is noteworthy that, in the EORTC experience, surgery provided better local control (32% locoregional failure) than radiotherapy (55%). The hypothesis of EORTC 08941 that surgery might improve the prognosis of unresectable N2 disease if performed after induction chemotherapy unfortunately did not become reality, so that chemoradiotherapy remains standard for this group. However, this should not lead to the over-interpretation this is the best choice for
Lower Respiratory Tract Infections (LTRIs): An Insight into the Prevalence and the Antibiogram of the Gram Negative, Respiratory, Bacterial Agents.

BACKGROUND Community acquired respiratory tract infections are one of the commonest health issues globally, which demand frequent visits to the family practitioners. The emergence of antibiotic resistance in the frequently isolated pathogens has complicated the use of the empiric therapy with traditional agents. AIM This study was focused on obtaining a comprehensive insight into the microbial profile, its prevalence and the susceptibility patterns of the gram negative bacilli isolates in lower respiratory tract infections. METHODS AND MATERIALS Respiratory samples which were received from the patients at a Medical College Hospital in North Kerala, India were processed according to the standard protocol over a period of one year, from April 2011 to March 2012. The antimicrobial susceptibility was tested by the Kirby-Bauer disc diffusion method as per the CLSI guidelines. The data was interpreted by using the WHO Net antibiotic susceptibility surveillance soft ware Results: Out of 1750 respiratory samples, 298(17.03%) were culture positive for gram negative bacilli. The highest isolation rate was observed in the 61-80 years age group with a male preponderance and Klebsiella pneumoniae (41.95%) was found to be the predominant organism. The resistance pattern varied for different organisms. Among the different groups of antibacterial agents which were tested, levofloxacin was found to be an effective oral antibacterial against the pathogens which were isolated. The carbapenems (imipenem and meropenem), the betalactum/betalactamase inhibitors (piperacillin/tazobactum) and the aminoglycosides (amikacin) were effective among the parenteral antibacterials. The selection of the appropriate antibacterial therapy should be based on the organisms which are isolated and on the emerging resistance to the conventional therapies. CONCLUSION Owing to the increased concern which surrounds antibiotic resistance and the changing patterns of the bacterial pathogens, the ongoing surveillance of disease and a regular review of the management guidelines are critical.
Analysis of unit cells for high pass filter using left-handed transmission line

In this paper, two novel unit cells using folded coplanar waveguide transmission line with left-handed structure are proposed, which have high-pass property. The characteristics of the unit cells are analyzed in different sizes, in order to recognize the characteristics of optimal design parameters. Also, equivalent circuits of the unit cells are extracted and equations to estimate the values of the immittance components in the equivalent circuits are formulated. The simulation results of the unit cells agree well with the results of the equivalent circuits. Energy distributions of electromagnetic field are shown to prove the property of left-handed structure. Finally, measurements of the proposed unit cells are shown to identify the characteristics.
Using Search Engine Count Estimates as Indicators of Academic Impact: A Web-based Replication of Haggbloom et al.'s (2002) Study

Using a complex set of quantitative and qualitative indicators of scientific importance, Haggbloom et al. (1) compiled a ranking of the most eminent psychologists of the 20th century. The present study set out to replicate this rank- ordered list using simple search engine count estimates (SECEs) obtained from three popular internet search engines. In line with our expectations, our results revealed a small, but significant relationship between SECEs and the existing offline ranking when the query specified the scientist's field of research (i.e., psychology). Our results imply that SECEs may be considered easy to apply indicators of a researcher's impact.
Metabolic profiling of new synthetic cannabinoids AMB and 5F-AMB by human hepatocyte and liver microsome incubations and high-resolution mass spectrometry.

RATIONALE AMB (methyl (1-pentyl-1H-indazole-3-carbonyl)-L-valinate)) and its fluoro analog 5F-AMB (methyl (1-(5-fluoropentyl)-1H-indazole-3-carbonyl)-L-valinate) are two new synthetic cannabinoids that are structural analogs of AB-PINACA and 5F-AB-PINACA, respectively. 5F-AMB is scheduled as an illicit drug in China, Germany, Singapore and Japan, and no metabolism data are currently available for either drug. The aim of the present work was to investigate the metabolism of AMB and 5F-AMB and propose appropriate markers to identify their intake in clinical or forensic cases. METHODS AMB and 5F-AMB were incubated in human hepatocytes (10 μmol/L) to generate phase I and II metabolites, which were identified with a TripleTOF 5600(+) high-resolution mass spectrometer. AMB and 5F-AMB metabolic stability studies also were performed with human liver microsomes (HLM) to evaluate metabolic clearances, and to adequately design the human hepatocyte experiment. RESULTS AMB and 5F-AMB were quickly metabolized in HLM with a 1.1 ± 0.1 and 1.0 ± 0.2 min T1/2, respectively. The predominant metabolic pathway for AMB and 5F-AMB in hepatocytes was ester hydrolysis, and further oxidation and/or glucuronidation. In total, 19 metabolites were identified for AMB and 17 for 5F-AMB. We describe metabolites to differentiate AMB from 5F-AMB, and metabolites that are common to both analytes due to oxidative defluorination of 5F-AMB. CONCLUSIONS For the first time, AMB and 5F-AMB metabolism profiles were characterized, providing valuable data for identifying these two novel psychoactive substances. The difficulties of differentiating AMB and 5F-AMB from AB-PINACA/5F-AB-PINACA metabolites also were examined. These data improve the interpretation of urinary markers after AMB and 5F-AMB intake. Published in 2016. This article is a U.S. Government work and is in the public domain in the USA.
Security Constrained Economic Dispatch with Secure Bilateral Transactions in Hybrid Electricity Markets

This paper proposes security constrained economic power dispatch (SCED) of the generators in the presence of secure bilateral transactions for hybrid electricity markets. The proposed non-linear optimization problem considers simultaneous minimization of deviations from scheduled transactions and minimization of fuel cost of the generators. The impact of bilateral transactions on fuel costs of generators and generation pattern has also been studied. The proposed technique has been applied on IEEE 24-bus reliability test system (RTS).
Disparities in tuberculosis burden among South Asians living in New York City, 2001-2010.

OBJECTIVES We have described the characteristics of South Asian-born tuberculosis (TB) patients living in New York City (NYC) and compared them with other foreign-born patients to explore possible explanations for the disproportionate burden of TB in the South Asian population. METHODS We used data on demographic and clinical characteristics for TB patients identified by the NYC Bureau of Tuberculosis Control from 2001 to 2010 to compare South Asian patients with other Asian and other foreign-born patients. We reviewed genotyping and cluster investigation data for South Asian patients to assess the extent of genotype clustering and the possibility of local transmission in this population. RESULTS The observed disparity in TB rates and burden among South Asians was not explained by social or clinical characteristics. A large amount of TB strain diversity was observed among South Asians, and they were less likely than other foreign-born patients to be infected with the same TB strain as another NYC patient. CONCLUSIONS The majority of South Asians were likely infected with TB abroad. South Asians represent a meaningful foreign-born subpopulation for targeted detection and treatment of TB infection in NYC.
Chiral solitons in a current coupled Schrödinger equation with self-interaction

Recently non-topological chiral soliton solutions were obtained in a derivatively coupled non-linear Schr\"odinger model in 1+1 dimensions. We extend the analysis to include a more general self-coupling potential (which includes the previous cases) and find chiral soliton solutions. Interestingly even the magnitude of the velocity is found to be fixed. Energy and U(1) charge associated with this non-topological chiral solitons are also obtained.