Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Emerging Capital Markets-A Broken Architecture ?

This article aims to quantify the dramatic influence of the global financial crisis on emerging capital markets evolution. This particular category of capital markets was generally perceived as an engine of growth despite the fact that it is an environment characterized by numerous informational frictions and structural contractions. Another critical issue that is analyzed is the leverage effect and its implications in stock returns volatility and expected future risk. Emerging capital markets behavior exhibits asymmetric volatility effects considering the fact that the impact of negative information is more intense than positive information. The empirical analysis is based on emerging capital markets in the BRIC economies, namely Brazil, Russia, India, and China. The applied methodology includes Unit Root Test, Augmented DickeyFuller stationary test, BDS test, Granger causality test and Johansen cointegration method based on daily closing price data series of the benchmark indices for the period July 2007 to June 2013. The research demonstrates that internationalization of emerging capital markets has very profound connotations in the turbulent context of the global financial crisis that erupted in the U.S. in mid2007.
Visualizing the chromatic index of music

Musical imaging is a recent trend in visualizing "hidden" dimensions of one-dimensional audio signals. The ascription of colors to psychoacoustic phenomena is consistent to the music perception depicted in the variety of scales and styles of ethnic music. Audio tools based on software engineering techniques are built for visualizing the chrominance of global music. This work presents MEL-IRIS, an audio tool that supports the chromatic indexing of music. Chromatic description can be used for classification, identification, making queries based on emotion and characterization of the style of an artist. Chromatic metadata can comprise a novel way in music retrieval in Web-based applications.
Theoretical characterization on nano freeze tweezer enabled from convective cooling principle

Based on ventilating low temperature gas to the tweezer tip and thus directly generating freezing there via convective cooling is a novel strategy for realizing freezing tweezer in extremely small scale. By adopting this method, not only the size of the freezing tweezer can be significantly reduced, but also the inherent shortcomings of the existing micro freezing tweezer can be totally made up. However, in previous experiments, theoretical analysis and numerical simulation, only micro scale freeze tweezer based on convective cooling was illustrated. As a significant extension, this paper is dedicated to demonstrate via theoretical evaluation that the same principle also works well in nano scale.
Characteristics of Opioid-Users Whose Death Was Related to Opioid-Toxicity: A Population-Based Study in Ontario, Canada

Background The impact of the prescription opioid public health crisis has been illustrated by the dramatic increase in opioid-related deaths in North America. We aimed to identify patterns and characteristics amongst opioid-users whose cause of death was related to opioid toxicity. Methods This was a population-based study of Ontarians between the years 2006 and 2008. All drug-related deaths which occurred during this time frame were reviewed at the Office of the Chief Coroner of Ontario, and opioid-related deaths were identified. Medical, toxicology, pathology, and police reports were comprehensively reviewed. Narratives, semi-quantitative, and quantitative variables were extracted, tabulated, and analyzed. Results Out of 2330 drug-related deaths in Ontario, 58% were attributed either in whole or in part, to opioids (n = 1359). Oxycodone was involved in approximately one-third of all opioid-related deaths. At least 7% of the entire cohort used opioids that were prescribed for friends and/or family, 19% inappropriately self-administered opioids (injection, inhalation, chewed patch), 3% were recently released from jail, and 5% had been switched from one opioid to another near the time of death. Accidental deaths were significantly associated with personal history of substance abuse, enrollment in methadone maintenance programs, cirrhosis, hepatitis, and cocaine use. Suicides were significantly associated with mental illness, previous suicide attempts, chronic pain, and a history of cancer. Significance/Conclusion These results identify novel, susceptible groups of opioid-users whose cause of death was related to opioids in Ontario and provide the first evidence to assist in quantifying the contribution of opioid misuse and diversion amongst opioid-related mortality in Canada. Multifaceted prevention strategies need to be developed based on subpopulations of opioid users.
Social Inequality in Early Childhood Health - Participation in the Preventive Health Care Program for Children

This paper asks how far socioeconomic differences in parental child health investments can be explained by personal and social resources within the family. Using SOEP data from the 2003 to 2008 newborn questionnaire, we estimate multiple logistic regressions to determine the effects of migration status, education, time resources, coping competencies, and social resources (in terms of shared parenthood and childcare support by the partner and relatives) on participation in the national German preventive health care program for children (U-Untersuchungen). First, our analyses reveal strong influences of maternal education and migration status, whereas social class plays no significant role for participation in preventive health checkups for children. Second, the likelihood of participation is higher the better mothers cope with motherhood and the more time they spend with their offspring. Finally, we find mixed effects of social resources ranging from a positive influence of parents living together, over no effect of childcare support provided by the father of the child, to a seemingly negative impact of support from further kin relations. All in all, personal and social resources do not seem to play a crucial role in explaining participation in child health programs in terms of social disparities between educational and ethnic groups.
The social exclusion discourse: ideas and policy change

This article explores the political discourse of social exclusion and its potential impact on social policy. The analysis suggests that in France, Britain, and the European Union at large, the growing political focus on social exclusion has helped to shift policy attention away from other forms of inequality, including income inequality. This logic and the reforms enacted in the name of social inclusion are compatible with moderate forms of economic liberalism distinct from Thatcherite neoliberalism. Theoretically, the article draws on the social science literature on the role of ideas to stress the possible consequences of the social exclusion discourse. Francais Cet article etudie le discours politique de l’exclusion sociale et son impact potentiel sur la protection sociale. L’analyse suggere qu’en France, en Grande Bretagne et dans l’Union europeenne en general, l’accent politique grandissant sur l’exclusion sociale a contribue a eloigner l’attention politique d’autres formes d’inegalite, y compris les inegalites de revenus. Cette logique et les reformes adoptees au nom de l’exclusion sociale sont compatibles avec des formes de liberalisme economique differentes du neoliberalisme thatcherien. Theoriquement, l’article s’appuie sur les travaux de science sociale traitant du role des idees pour mettre l’accent sur les consequences possibles du discours sur l’exclusion sociale.
Modeling user's decision process through gaze behavior

When we choose items among alternatives, we sometimes face a problem of mismatch between what we actually want and selected items. Therefore, if an interactive system can probe our interests from several modalities (e.g, eye movements and speech recognition) and decrease these mismatch, the system can be helpful for decision making with a satisfaction. In order to build such interactive decision support systems, the systems need to estimate both users' interests (selection criteria for that decision) and users' knowledge about the content domain. Here, not only users' knowledge but also users' selection criteria can be changed; for example, users' selection criteria converge as a reaction to system's recommendation. Therefore, the system needs to understand the dynamics of users' selection criteria in order to choose appropriate actions. What makes more difficult is that the dynamics of users' internal states themselves can change depend on a phase of decision making. Therefore, we need to address (a) how to represent users' internal states, (b) how to estimate and trace temporal changes of users' internal state, and (c) how to trace users' decision phase so that system can decide actions for decision assistance. In order to tackle these problems, we propose a novel representation of users' internal state, which consists of selection criteria and structures of users' knowledge about the content domain and a method to estimate these selection criteria from gaze behavior. In addition, we consider the multiscale dynamics of users' internal states so that the system can trace users' decision phase as temporal changes of dynamics of users' internal states.
Pyroelectric deflector of charged particle beam

A new type deflector of a charged particle beam based on pyroelectric crystals is proposed and demonstrated experimentally. The transverse electric field arises in the gap between two pyroelectric crystals in vacuum because of the pyroelectric effect appearing when a temperature gradient is applied to both crystals. In a proof-of-principle experiment, we demonstrated deflection of a low-energy electron beam. The application of pyroelectric deflectors as bending elements in the pyroelectric undulator for production of the undulator radiation is proposed.
Sexual conflict

Sexual conflict occurs when the genetic interests of males and females diverge. Recent evidence supporting the view that male and female genomes are in conflict has now revolutionized the way in which we interpret interactions between the sexes, and suggests that sexual conflict is a potent force in male–female coevolution. Here, we consider the nature of sexual conflict and what distinguishes it from models of coevolution by sexual selection. There are advantages and pitfalls to the various experimental and comparative approaches now used. More precise predictions derived from theory are essential to evaluate much of the empirical data in support of sexually antagonistic coevolution. Equally, there needs to be a mechanistic understanding of the traits underlying sexual conflict to formulate and test these predictions.
Survey of structure from motion

As a useful technology of 3D reconstruction based on binocular stereo vision, structure from motion is widely used in many fields and highly valuable in applications. However, few reviews have been focused on this technology. In this paper, the basic principles are overviewed. More specifically, the related works and main methods are discussed. Finally some future research directions are summarized.
Spontaneous social behaviors discriminate behavioral dementias from psychiatric disorders and other dementias.

OBJECTIVE Changes in social behavior are often the first symptoms of neurodegenerative disease. Patients with frontotemporal lobar degeneration (FTLD) often go undiagnosed, or are misclassified as psychiatric patients, because in the absence of cognitive deficits, nonexperts fail to recognize these social changes as dementia symptoms. The object of this study was to improve screening for behavioral dementias in primary care and mental health settings by quantifying spontaneous social behaviors specific to FTLD. METHOD In a university hospital dementia clinic, examiners blind to subject diagnosis performed 1 hour of cognitive testing, then completed the Interpersonal Measure of Psychopathy, an 18-item checklist of observed inappropriate behaviors. Patients then underwent a multidisciplinary evaluation to derive a neurodegenerative or psychiatric diagnosis. Data were collected from 288 subjects: 45 Alzheimer's disease (National Institute of Neurologic and Communicative Disorders and Stroke-Alzheimer's Disease and Related Disorders Association research criteria); 40 frontotemporal dementia, 21 semantic dementia, and 13 progressive nonfluent aphasia (Neary research criteria); 14 corticobasal degeneration and 21 progressive supranuclear palsy (Litvan research criteria); 37 dementia with Lewy bodies (McKeith research criteria); 16 vascular dementia (Ischemic Vascular Disease research criteria); 29 mixed vascular and Alzheimer's disease (Alzheimer's Disease Diagnostic and Treatment Centers criteria); and 35 primary psychiatric disorder (DSM-IV) patients and 17 normal older controls. The study was conducted from March 2002 to January 2005. RESULTS Statistical item analyses demonstrated specific patterns of social behavior that differentiated both frontotemporal dementia and semantic dementia patients from (1) nondementing older adults, (2) nondementing individuals with psychiatric conditions, (3) individuals with cerebrovascular disease, and (4) individuals with other neurodegenerative disorders. Semantic dementia patients verbally and physically interrupted evaluations, spoke perseveratively and tangentially, and resisted clinician redirection. Frontotemporal dementia patients were apathetic or disinhibited and were unconcerned about meeting clinician expectations. CONCLUSION Specific, abnormal, interpersonal behaviors can alert nonexperts to the need for specialized dementia referral.
Equity, Attribution, and Reactance in Giving and Receiving Gifts of Clothing

This study explores equity, attribution, and reactance theories as they relate to giving and receiving gifts of clothing. About 100 each of male and female subjects responded to a set of affective statements written to express the three theories and other aspects of giving and receiving clothing gifts. Factor analyses of responses resulted in four factors for each sex, three of which were similar in content. For each sex, the first factor concerned receiving gifts and incorporated the three theories. The following two factors were concerned with giving gifts, one factor emphasizing the recipient's well-being, the other factor the self-esteem of the giver. Content of the fourth factors differed for males and females. Attribution, equity, and reactance statements did not form separate factors, but were mixed with other statements. Results supported suggestions in the literature that theories overlap in explaining gift-giving behavior. Findings were consistent with others' reports of sex differences in gift-giving behavior and attitudes.
Path Delay Fault Test Set for Two-Rail Logic Circuits

Two-rail logic circuits can be efficiently tested by non-codeword vector pairs. However, non-codeword vector pairs may sensitize some path delay faults which affect neither normal operation nor strongly fault secure property of the two-rail logic circuits. It means that testing with non-codeword vector pairs may be over-testing. This paper presents a construction of robust path delay fault test sets for two-rail logic circuits. The proposed test sets do not lead to the over-testing.
Herschel : the first science highlights Special feature L etter to the E ditor A Herschel PACS and SPIRE study of the dust content of the Cassiopeia A supernova remnant ,

Using the 3.5-m Herschel Space Observatory, imaging photometry of Cas A has been obtained in six bands between 70 and 500 μm with the PACS and SPIRE instruments, with angular resolutions ranging from 6 to 37′′ . In the outer regions of the remnant the 70-μm PACS image resembles the 24-μm image Spitzer image, with the emission attributed to the same warm dust component, located in the reverse shock region. At longer wavelengths, the three SPIRE bands are increasingly dominated by emission from cold interstellar dust knots and filaments, particularly across the central, western and southern parts of the remnant. Nonthermal emission from the northern part of the remnant becomes prominent at 500 μm. We have estimated and subtracted the contributions from the nonthermal, warm dust and cold interstellar dust components. We confirm and resolve for the first time a cool (∼35 K) dust component, emitting at 70−160 μm, that is located interior to the reverse shock region, with an estimated mass of 0.075 M .
Lack of ABCG2 Shortens Latency of BRCA1-Deficient Mammary Tumors and This Is Not Affected by Genistein or Resveratrol

In addition to their role in drug resistance, the ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transporters ABCG2 and ABCB1 have been suggested to protect cells from a broad range of substances that may foster tumorigenesis. Phytoestrogens or their metabolites are substrates of these transporters and the influence of these compounds on breast cancer development is controversial. Estrogen-like properties might accelerate tumorigenesis on the one hand, whereas their proposed health-protective properties might antagonize tumorigenesis on the other. To address this issue, we used a newer generation mouse model of BRCA1-mutated breast cancer and examined tumor latency in K14cre;Brca1F/F; p53F/F, Abcb1a/b−/−;K14cre;Brca1F/F; p53F/F, or Abcg2−/−;K14cre;Brca1F/F; p53F/F animals, fed with genistein- or resveratrol-supplemented diets. Ovariectomized K14cre;Brca1F/F; p53F/F animals were included to evaluate whether any estrogen-mimicking effects can restore mammary tumor development in the absence of endogenous estrogens. Compared with the ABC transporter proficient model, ABCG2-deficient animals showed a reduced median tumor latency of 17.5 days (P < 0.001), whereas no significant difference was observed for ABCB1-deficient animals. Neither genistein nor resveratrol altered this latency reduction in Abcg2−/−;K14cre;Brca1F/F; p53F/F animals. Ovariectomy resulted in nearly complete loss of mammary tumor development, which was not restored by genistein or resveratrol. Our results show that ABCG2 contributes to the protection of genetically instable epithelial cells against carcinogenesis. Diets containing high levels of genistein or resveratrol had no effect on mammary tumorigenesis, whether mice were lacking ABCG2 or not. Because genistein and resveratrol only delayed skin tumor development of ovariectomized animals, we conclude that these phytoestrogens are no effective modulators of mammary tumor development in our mouse model. Cancer Prev Res; 5(8); 1053–60. ©2012 AACR.
Meta-analysis of Incidence of Brain Cancer Among Aircrew

Introduction: Previous studies on Brain and other Nervous System Cancers (BNSC) and aircrew have shown inconsistent results, possibly due to their relatively small sample sizes; therefore, the current study aimed to increase the precision of risk estimates.Methods: Systematic searches of PubMed and Embase for pertinent studies up to August 2016 were performed and supplemented by manual reviews of bibliographies. The pooled standard incidence ratio (SIR) and corresponding 95% CIs were estimated with random effects models.Results: Among the 903 studies retrieved, 7 studies (5 cohort studies and 2 pooled analyses) were included in the current meta-analysis. The pooled SIR (95% CI) of BNSC incidence in aircrew was 1.01 (0.77, 1.31) with no significant heterogeneity (I2 = 36.1%, P = .199). The null association persisted when the analysis was stratified by geographic area (Europe or America), publication year (before or after 2001), air population (pilots or cabin crew), cancer site (brain, nervous system, or brain/nervous system), and gender (male or female). Conclusion: The current evidence is not sufficient to support a significant positive association between aircrew employment and BNSC risk. However, the interpretation and extrapolation of this meta-analysis are restricted by the possible impact exerted by health worker effect and potential clinical heterogeneity. More studies based on other populations, including Asian aircrews, are warranted.
The Rationality and Decidability of Fuzzy Implications

It is well known that knowledge-based systems would be more robust and smarter if they can deal with the inconsistent, incomplete or imprecise knowledge, which has been referred to as common sense knowledge. In this paper, we discuss fuzzy implications in the sense of common sense reasoning. Firstly, we analyse the rationality of some existing fuzzy implications based on the discussion of implicational paradoxes. Secondly, we present a new fuzzy preferential implication that is nonmonotonic, paraconsistent and without the general implicational paradoxes. Finally, we propose sound and complete decision tableaux of such implications, which can be used as the inference engines of adaptive expert systems or frameworks for the fuzzy Prolog.
The Effects of the Daily Driven Distance and Age Factor on the Traffic Accidents

Based on Turkish traffic survey data (n=5,520), driver accident rates per million kilometre-driver were compared according to the daily driven distances (DDD) for each age group as very old (65+, n=39), old (56-65, n=183), above middle-aged (36-55, n=1,875), middle-aged (26-35, n=2,204), and young (25-, n=1,219). When the accidents-per-km comparison was made in groups matched for daily exposure, there was no evidence of higher risk with increasing age. In all age groups, risk per km decreased with increasing daily driving distance. With this study the accident involvement prediction models have been obtained related to the daily driven distance with and without considering age. These models have been applied to some earlier studies. The results are quite satisfactory. The set of data of this study and the analysis controlling the daily (yearly) driving distance might make the “age” effect disappear.
Academic fathers pursuing tenure: A qualitative study of work-family conflict, coping strategies, and departmental culture.

Although past research has emphasized considerable strain and institutional biases for female academics balancing work and family, research on male academics with young children is limited. This qualitative study addressed this void by examining how junior male tenure-track faculty with children negotiated work and family responsibilities. Analysis of in-depth interviews (n! 12) revealed three broad, nonoverlapping themes regarding men’s negotiation of their various roles. These themes included (a) tenure and family balance/conflict; (b) coping responses; and (c) attitudes toward policy and work culture. Prototypical quotes are used as illustrations of subthemes found within each of the three general categories. Respondents negotiated their multiple responsibilities by using compartmentalization strategies, significant time management, communicating with spouses and peers at work, and overextending themselves in work and family responsibilities, though with little knowledge or utilization of university policies that could ease their considerable workload and conflicts. The results are discussed within the context of research on men’s work and family lives as well as departmental culture and institutional policies.