Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Explicit Versus Implicit Graph Feature Maps: A Computational Phase Transition for Walk Kernels

As many real-world data can elegantly be represented as graphs, various graph kernels and methods for computing them have been proposed. Surprisingly, many of the recent graph kernels do not employ the kernel trick anymore but rather compute an explicit feature map and report higher efficiency. So, is there really no benefit of the kernel trick when it comes to graphs? Triggered by this question, we investigate under which conditions it is possible to compute a graph kernel explicitly and for which graph properties this computation is actually more efficient. We give a sufficient condition for R-convolution kernels that enables kernel computation by explicit mapping. We theoretically and experimentally analyze efficiency and flexibility of implicit kernel functions and dot products of explicitly computed feature maps for widely used graph kernels such as random walk kernels, sub graph matching kernels, and shortest-path kernels. For walk kernels we observe a phase transition when comparing runtime with respect to label diversity and walk lengths leading to the conclusion that explicit computations are only favourable for smaller label sets and walk lengths whereas implicit computation is superior for longer walk lengths and data sets with larger label diversity.
A Dynamic RRT Path Planning Algorithm Based on B-Spline

For the application of ALV (Automatic Land Vehicle) running in a dynamic environment, an improved dynamic RRT(Rapidly exploring Random Trees ) path planning algorithm is proposed. The algorithm combines the noholonomic constraints of the vehicle with double extend RRTs, and the three order B-spline basic functions are used to approach and create a new smooth route which suits for the vehicle to follow. The algorithm not only improves the efficiency of searching but also guarantees the feasibility of the path at the same time. Based on the idea of rolling optimization, the algorithm is improved for real-time path planning in a dynamic environment. The simulation outcomes and field tests verify the effectiveness of the method proposed.
Lest Auld Acquaintance Be Forgot

The exception is H&M’s discussion of ‘acquaintance’ theories. These are theories that explain thought about, or reference to, an object in causal or epistemic terms. Early in the book, H&M pose a witty question: ‘Should auld acquaintance be forgot? ’ (p. 25). They answer with a resounding ‘Yes’. Indeed, H&M have something close to contempt for acquaintance theories: ‘Acquaintance.is a dispensable relic of a bygone era in the philosophy of language and mind’ (p. 25); they talk of ‘the acquaintance-theoretic superstition’ (p. 202); and they conclude the book by warning against theories ‘driven by muddled ideas about acquaintance’ (p. 248).
Kinesin II is required for cell survival and adherens junction positioning in Drosophila photoreceptors

Photoreceptor morphogenesis requires specific and coordinated localization of junctional markers at different stages of development. Here, we provide evidence that Drosophila Klp64D, a homolog of Kif3A motor subunit of the heterotrimeric Kinesin II complex, is essential for viability of developing photoreceptors and localization of junctional proteins. Genetic analysis of mutant clones shows that absence of Klp64D protein in early larval eye disc does not affect initial differentiation, but results in abnormal nuclear position in differentiating photoreceptors. These cells eventually die in the pupal stage, indicating klp64D's role in cell viability. The function of Klp64D protein is cell type specific because the p35 cell death inhibitor can rescue cell death in cone cells but not photoreceptors. In contrast to early induction of mutant clones, late induction during third instar larval stage just prior to pupation allows survival of single‐ or few‐celled clones of klp64D mutant cells. Analysis of these lately induced clones shows that Klp64D function is essential for Bazooka (Par‐3 homolog) and Armadillo localization to the adherens junction (AJ) in pupal photoreceptors. These findings suggest that Kinesin II complex plays a cell type‐specific function in the localization of AJ and cell polarity proteins in the developing retina, thereby contributing to photoreceptor morphogenesis. genesis 48:522–530, 2010. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Extracting Discriminative Keyphrases with Learned Semantic Hierarchies

The goal of keyphrase extraction is to automatically identify the most salient phrases from documents. The technique has a wide range of applications such as rendering a quick glimpse of a document, or extracting key content for further use. While previous work often assumes keyphrases are a static property of a given documents, in many applications, the appropriate set of keyphrases that should be extracted depends on the set of documents that are being considered together. In particular, good keyphrases should not only accurately describe the content of a document, but also reveal what discriminates it from the other documents. In this paper, we study this problem of extracting discriminative keyphrases. In particularly, we propose to use the hierarchical semantic structure between candidate keyphrases to promote keyphrases that have the right level of specificity to clearly distinguish the target document from others. We show that such knowledge can be used to construct better discriminative keyphrase extraction systems that do not assume a static, fixed set of keyphrases for a document. We show how this helps identify key expertise of authors from their papers, as well as competencies covered by online courses within different domains.
Young women's contraception use as a contextual and dynamic behaviour: A qualitative study

A number of models of behaviour have been applied to contraception use including subjective expected utility theory and social cognition models. Whilst correlates of contraception use have been identified, the limitations of these models include their failure to consider either contextual factors or changes in contraception use over time. Researchers have called for integrated and dynamic models of contraception use, which can be related to the changing contraception use of individual women and can also be readily operationalised to explore within and between subject differences in contraception use. The present study therefore used a qualitative methodology to explore women's contraceptive histories and to enable women to define the issues from their perspectives, resulting in a model of contraception use that is firmly located within the context of their own lives and allows an investigation of the factors and processes involved in changes in contraception use/non-use over time. This model conceptualises the predictors of contraception use in terms of the meaning and importance of a range of social goals, perceptions of vulnerability and constraints on or facilitators of contraception. Further the dynamic nature of these factors is described and it is illustrated how these core components vary over time according to situation, experience, and new information. The paper outlines the relevance of the findings for different models of decision-making processes and highlights the way that the model addresses the limitations of previous approaches.
Emotional intelligence (EI) capabilities training: can it develop EI in project teams?

Purpose – The importance of emotional intelligence (EI) for management success has been established. This paper aims to examine the influence of increased EI capabilities on project success.Design/methodology/approach – This paper first examines the literature in relation to EI then reports on a case study conducted in the defence contracting sector in the USA. The qualitative, case study approach is supported by pre‐ and post‐training surveys. Regression analysis was conducted to test the effect of the training on EI competencies and the impact of the increase in competencies on employee satisfaction and project success.Findings – Results of the case study and survey indicate that developing EI capabilities will contribute to increased project management success.Research limitations/implications – The research reported upon in this paper is limited to one organisation within the defence contracting industry in the USA.Practical implications – The aim of every project leader is to develop their intended p.
A GAG trinucleotide‐repeat polymorphism in the gene for glutathione biosynthetic enzyme, GCLC, affects gene expression through translation

A guanine‐adenine‐guanine (GAG) repeat polymorphism with 5 different alleles (4, 7, 8, 9, and 10 repeats) in the 5‘ untranslated region (UTR) of GCLC has been associated with altered GCL activity and glutathione (GSH) levels. We investigated whether this polymorphism affects either transcription or translation using luciferase reporter constructs containing variant GCLC 5‘ UTRs. Higher luciferase activity was observed in HepG2 and human embryonic kidney 293 (HEK293) cells transfected with constructs containing either 8 or 9 repeats than in constructs containing 4, 7, or 10 repeats (P<0.05). In cell‐free lysates, GAG repeat number had no effect on luciferase mRNA yield. In vitro translation of mRNAs from luciferase constructs resulted in differences similar to those found in cell cultures (P<0.05). A similar association of GAG repeat with GCLC phenotype was observed in vivo in healthy adults, as individuals with GAG‐7/7 genotype had lower GCL activity and GSH levels in lymphocytes compared to those with GAG‐9/9 (P<0.05). Higher GCL activity and GSH levels observed in red blood cells (RBCs) from individuals with GAG‐7/7 compared to GAG‐9/9 are likely due to differences in GCL regulation in RBCs. Altogether, these results suggest that GAG polymorphism affects GCLC expression via translation, and thus may be associated with altered risk for GSH‐related diseases and toxicities. —Nichenametla, S. N. , Lazarus, P., Richie, J. P., Jr. A GAG trinucleotiderepeat polymorphism in the gene for glutathione biosynthetic enzyme, GCLC, affects gene expression through translation. FASEB J. 25, 2180‐2187 (2011). www.fasebj. org
Water filling algorithm for the throughput improvement of FH-OFDM system

In order to improve the throughput, the water filling algorithm is considered in the FH- OFDM (frequency hopping - orthogonal frequency division multiplexing) system which combines frequency hopping technique and OFDM technique. This system may be seriously degraded in the multipath and jamming channel. Adaptive bit loading technique using water filling[1] algorithm is used in FH-OFDM system. Via the computer simulation, it is confirmed that FH-OFDM system using the adaptive bit loading technique shows better BER performance and system throughput than the ordinary FH-OFDM system in the multipath propagation and jamming the environment.
Connectivity-Based Parcellation of Human Cingulate Cortex and Its Relation to Functional Specialization

Whole-brain neuroimaging studies have demonstrated regional variations in function within human cingulate cortex. At the same time, regional variations in cingulate anatomical connections have been found in animal models. It has, however, been difficult to estimate the relationship between connectivity and function throughout the whole cingulate cortex within the human brain. In this study, magnetic resonance diffusion tractography was used to investigate cingulate probabilistic connectivity in the human brain with two approaches. First, an algorithm was used to search for regional variations in the probabilistic connectivity profiles of all cingulate cortex voxels with the whole of the rest of the brain. Nine subregions with distinctive connectivity profiles were identified. It was possible to characterize several distinct areas in the dorsal cingulate sulcal region. Several distinct regions were also found in subgenual and perigenual cortex. Second, the probabilities of connection between cingulate cortex and 11 predefined target regions of interest were calculated. Cingulate voxels with a high probability of connection with the different targets formed separate clusters within cingulate cortex. Distinct connectivity fingerprints characterized the likelihood of connections between the extracingulate target regions and the nine cingulate subregions. Last, a meta-analysis of 171 functional studies reporting cingulate activation was performed. Seven different cognitive conditions were selected and peak activation coordinates were plotted to create maps of functional localization within the cingulate cortex. Regional functional specialization was found to be related to regional differences in probabilistic anatomical connectivity.
Extracellular ATP-mediated propagation of Ca(2+) waves. Focus on "mechanical strain-induced Ca(2+) waves are propagated via ATP release and purinergic receptor activation".

why would a cell want to release its ATP? For physiologists and cell biologists studying extracellular purinergic signaling, this is the question that keeps us awake at night. Those scientists who doubt that a cell would want to do such a horrible thing suggest that cell lysis, cell damage, or some
Work-related musculoskeletal disorders in Norway's offshore petroleum industry.

BACKGROUND Since 1992, physicians have reported work-related diseases among workers in Norway's offshore petroleum industry to the Petroleum Safety Authority, as required by law. AIMS To analyse the number of reported work-related musculoskeletal disorders and risk factors (occupation and reported exposure) from 1992 to 2003. METHODS Data from the Petroleum Safety Authority's registry of work-related diseases were analysed. RESULTS During the 12 years, 3131 new work-related musculoskeletal disorders were reported and this was the category of work-related disease most frequently reported (47%). The number of work-related musculoskeletal disorders varied substantially from year to year. Disorders of the upper limb accounted for 53% and back disorders for 20% of all work-related musculoskeletal disorders. Lower limb disorders accounted for 16%, of which knee disorders dominated (12% of all cases). The dominant occupational categories were maintenance work (40%) and catering (21%). Frequently reported types of exposure were high physical workload, repetitive work and walking on hard surfaces/climbing stairs and ladders. CONCLUSION Strategies for preventing musculoskeletal disorders should be carried out to reduce the burden of high physical workload and repetitive work, especially in maintenance work and catering. Further research is recommended on the association between walking on hard surfaces/climbing stairs and ladders and knee disorders. Reporting routines need to be improved to monitor trends over time and to assess the effects of interventions.
Summingbird: A Framework for Integrating Batch and Online MapReduce Computations

Summingbird is an open-source domain-specific language implemented in Scala and designed to integrate online and batch MapReduce computations in a single framework. Summingbird programs are written using dataflow abstractions such as sources, sinks, and stores, and can run on different execution platforms: Hadoop for batch processing (via Scalding/Cascading) and Storm for online processing. Different execution modes require different bindings for the dataflow abstractions (e.g., HDFS files or message queues for the source) but do not require any changes to the program logic. Furthermore, Summingbird can operate in a hybrid processing mode that transparently integrates batch and online results to efficiently generate up-to-date aggregations over long time spans. The language was designed to improve developer productivity and address pain points in building analytics solutions at Twitter where often, the same code needs to be written twice (once for batch processing and again for online processing) and indefinitely maintained in parallel. Our key insight is that certain algebraic structures provide the theoretical foundation for integrating batch and online processing in a seamless fashion. This means that Summingbird imposes constraints on the types of aggregations that can be performed, although in practice we have not found these constraints to be overly restrictive for a broad range of analytics tasks at Twitter.
Search Offline Indexing Instance Naming NE Extraction Keyword Extraction Similar Question Search Questions Matching Syntactic Reranking Multimodal Question Answers

We demonstrate a multimedia-based question-answering system, named FashionAsk, by allowing users to ask questions referring to pictures snapped by mobile devices. Instead of asking verbose questions to depict visual instances, direct pictures are provided as part of the question. The significance of our system is that (1) our system is fully automatic such that no human expert is involved; (2) and we bypass the requirement of the name for the object under query, which is mostly unknown to the asker. To answer these multi-modal questions, FashionAsk performs a large-scale instance search and metadata pooling to name the instance under query, and then matches with similar questions from communitycontributed QA websites as answers. This demonstration is conducted on a million-scale dataset of Web images and QA pairs in the domain of fashion products. Asking a multimedia question through FashionAsk can take as short as five seconds to retrieve the candidate answer as well as suggested questions.
Personality Relationships Between Supervisors and Students in Communication Disorders as Determined by the Myers-Briggs Type Indicator

The Myers-Briggs Type Indicator (MBTI), a paper and pencil self-report inventory based on Jungian psychological type theory, was administered to 70 communication disorders supervisors and 401 students. Subjects were recruited from thirteen communication disorders programs in eleven states. Results indicate a preponderance of certain MBTI sychological types among the supervisors. In addition, significant (p < .001) differences were observed between the psychological type distributions of the supervisors when compared to their students. The discussion focuses on the implications of the MBTI personality type relations on the supervisory process.
Mumford–Shah Model for One-to-One Edge Matching

This paper presents a new algorithm based on the Mumford-Shah model for simultaneously detecting the edge features of two images and jointly estimating a consistent set of transformations to match them. Compared to the current asymmetric methods in the literature, this fully symmetric method allows one to determine one-to-one correspondences between the edge features of two images. The entire variational model is realized in a multiscale framework of the finite element approximation. The optimization process is guided by an estimation minimization-type algorithm and an adaptive generalized gradient flow to guarantee a fast and smooth relaxation. The algorithm is tested on T1 and T2 magnetic resonance image data to study the parameter setting. We also present promising results of four applications of the proposed algorithm: interobject monomodal registration, retinal image registration, matching digital photographs of neurosurgery with its volume data, and motion estimation for frame interpolation.
Disposition of Atrazine Metabolites Following Uptake and Degradation of Atrazine in Switchgrass

Extensive use of the agricultural herbicide atrazine has led to contamination of numerous ground and surface water bodies. Research has shown that it can have a variety of negative impacts on numerous non-target organisms in the environment. Phytoremediation is one strategy that has been studied to remove atrazine contamination. This paper investigates the hypothesis that switchgrass (Panicum virgatum) can exude metabolites of atrazine after uptake and degradation, which has been suggested by prior research. Pots planted with switchgrass were treated with a 4 ppm solution of atrazine spiked with [14C]atrazine. After 4 days, switchgrass plants were transplanted to new pots with fresh sand. Four days later, the pots were sacrificed, and sand and plant samples were extracted. Plant and sand samples were analyzed for the presence of atrazine and its major metabolites. The percentage of radiotracer remaining as the parent atrazine was observed to decrease over the course of the study while the percentages of the metabolites were observed to increase. The presence of the metabolite cyanuric acid in a switchgrass phytoremediation system is reported for the first time.
When Politicians Sell Drugs: Examining Why Middle East Ethnopolitical Organizations Are Involved in the Drug Trade

Political organizations claim they are serving the interests of their constituents—but being involved in the drug trade does not seem to support those claims. Why would political organizations sell drugs then? Most often the question of why organizations engage in the drug trade has been explored in the context of organizations that are either criminal or violent, thus leaving a large hole in the literature about how violence and legality intersect with other exploratory factors. We explore this issue more fully by looking at both violent and nonviolent organizations using the Middle East Minorities at Risk Organizational Behavior dataset, which has data on over 100 ethnopolitical organizations in the Middle East. Very few of these organizations are involved in the drug trade and yet all of those are engaged in violence at the same time. We explore what factors, other than violence, make this rare behavior for political organizations more likely.
A randomized trial of vertebroplasty for painful osteoporotic vertebral fractures.

BACKGROUND Vertebroplasty has become a common treatment for painful osteoporotic vertebral fractures, but there is limited evidence to support its use. METHODS We performed a multicenter, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial in which participants with one or two painful osteoporotic vertebral fractures that were of less than 12 months' duration and unhealed, as confirmed by magnetic resonance imaging, were randomly assigned to undergo vertebroplasty or a sham procedure. Participants were stratified according to treatment center, sex, and duration of symptoms (< 6 weeks or > or = 6 weeks). Outcomes were assessed at 1 week and at 1, 3, and 6 months. The primary outcome was overall pain (on a scale of 0 to 10, with 10 being the maximum imaginable pain) at 3 months. RESULTS A total of 78 participants were enrolled, and 71 (35 of 38 in the vertebroplasty group and 36 of 40 in the placebo group) completed the 6-month follow-up (91%). Vertebroplasty did not result in a significant advantage in any measured outcome at any time point. There were significant reductions in overall pain in both study groups at each follow-up assessment. At 3 months, the mean (+/-SD) reductions in the score for pain in the vertebroplasty and control groups were 2.6+/-2.9 and 1.9+/-3.3, respectively (adjusted between-group difference, 0.6; 95% confidence interval, -0.7 to 1.8). Similar improvements were seen in both groups with respect to pain at night and at rest, physical functioning, quality of life, and perceived improvement. Seven incident vertebral fractures (three in the vertebroplasty group and four in the placebo group) occurred during the 6-month follow-up period. CONCLUSIONS We found no beneficial effect of vertebroplasty as compared with a sham procedure in patients with painful osteoporotic vertebral fractures, at 1 week or at 1, 3, or 6 months after treatment. (Australian New Zealand Clinical Trials Registry number, ACTRN012605000079640.)