Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Secular Dynamics in Hierarchical Three-Body Systems

The secular approximation for the evolution of hierarchical triple configurations has proven to be very useful in many astrophysical contexts, from planetary to triple-star systems. In this approximation the orbits may change shape and orientation, on time scales longer than the orbital time scales, but the semi major axes are constant. For example, for highly inclined triple systems, the Kozai-Lidov mechanism can produce large-amplitude oscillations of the eccentricities and inclinations. Here we revisit the secular dynamics of hierarchical triple systems. We derive the secular evolution equations to octupole order in Hamiltonian perturbation theory. Our derivation corrects an error in some previous treatments of the problem that implicitly assumed a conservation of the z-component of the angular momentum of the inner orbit (i.e., parallel to the total angular momentum of the system). Already to quadrupole order, our results show new behaviors including the possibility for a system to oscillate from prograde to retrograde orbits. At the octupole order, for an eccentric outer orbit, the inner orbit can reach extremely high eccentricities and undergo chaotic flips in its orientation. We discuss applications to a variety of astrophysical systems, from stellar triples to merging compact binaries and planetary systems. Our results agree with those of previous studies done to quadrupole order only in the limit in which one of the inner two bodies is a massless test particle and the outer orbit is circular;our results agree with previous studies at octupole order for the eccentricity evolution, but not for the inclination evolution.
Tidal Evolution of Exoplanets

Tidal effects arise from differential and inelastic deformation of a planet by a perturbing body. The continuous action of tides modify the rotation of the planet together with its orbit until an equilibrium situation is reached. It is often believed that synchronous motion is the most probable outcome of the tidal evolution process, since synchronous rotation is observed for the majority of the satellites in the Solar System. However, in the 19th century, Schiaparelli also assumed synchronous motion for the rotations of Mercury and Venus, and was later shown to be wrong. Rather, for planets in eccentric orbits synchronous rotation is very unlikely. The rotation period and axial tilt of exoplanets is still unknown, but a large number of planets have been detected close to the parent star and should have evolved to a final equilibrium situation. Therefore, based on the Solar System well studied cases, we can make some predictions for exoplanets. Here we describe in detail the main tidal effects that modify the secular evolution of the spin and the orbit of a planet. We then apply our knowledge acquired from Solar System situations to exoplanet cases. In particular, we will focus on two classes of planets, "Hot-Jupiters" (fluid) and "Super-Earths" (rocky with atmosphere).
Detailed comparison of Milky Way models based on stellar population synthesis and SDSS star counts at the north Galactic pole

Context. This article investigates Sloan Digital Sky Survey (SDSS) star counts based on the Just-Jahreis Galactic disc model by analysing the TRI-dimensional modeL of thE GALaxy (TRILEGAL) and Besancon models of the Milky Way. Aims. We test the ability of the TRILEGAL and Besancon models to reproduce the colour–magnitude diagrams of SDSS data at the north Galactic pole (NGP). We show that a Hess diagram analysis of colour–magnitude diagrams is much more powerful than luminosity functions in determining the Milky Way structure. Methods. We derive a best-fitting TRILEGAL model to simulate the NGP field in the (g − r ,g ) colour–magnitude diagram of SDSS filters via Hess diagrams. For the Besancon model, we simulate the luminosity functions (LF) and Hess diagrams in all SDSS filters. We use a χ 2 analysis and determine the median of the relative deviations in the Hess diagrams to quantify the quality of the fits by the TRILEGAL models and the Besancon model and compare this to that of the Just-Jahreis model. The input isochrones in the colour–absolute magnitude diagrams of the thick disc and halo are tested via the observed fiducial isochrones of globular clusters. Results. We find that the default parameter set lacking a thick disc component gives the best representation of the LF in TRILEGAL. The Hess diagram reveals that a metal-poor thick disc is needed. In the Hess diagram, the median relative deviation of the TRILEGAL model and the SDSS data amounts to 25 percent, whereas for the Just-Jahreis model the deviation is only 5.6 percent. The isochrone analysis shows that the representation of the main sequences of (at least metal-poor) stellar populations in the ugriz filter system is reliable. In contrast, the red giant branches fail to match the observed fiducial sequences of globular clusters. The Besancon model shows a similar median relative deviation of 26 percent in (g − r ,g ). In the u band, the deviations are larger. There are significant offsets between the isochrone set used in the Besancon model and the observed fiducial isochrones. Conclusions. In contrast to Hess diagrams, luminosity functions are insensitive to the detailed structure of the Milky Way components due to the extended spatial distribution along the line of sight. The flexibility of the input parameters in the TRILEGAL model is insufficient to successfully reproduce star count distributions in colour–magnitude diagrams. In the Besancon model, an improvement of the isochrones in the ugriz filter system is needed in order to improve the predicted star counts.
Atomic scale electron vortices for nanoresearch

Electron vortex beams were only recently discovered and their potential as a probe for magnetism in materials was shown. Here we demonstrate a method to produce electron vortex beams with a diameter of less than 1.2 A. This unique way to prepare free electrons to a state resembling atomic orbitals is fascinating from a fundamental physics point of view and opens the road for magnetic mapping with atomic resolution in an electron microscope.
Thermo-spin effects in quantum dots connected to ferromagnetic leads

We study a system composed of a quantum dot in contact with ferromagnetic leads held at different temperatures. Spin analogs to the thermopower and thermoelectric figure of merit are defined and studied as a function of junction parameters. It is shown that in contrast to bulk ferromagnets, the spin-thermopower coefficient in a junction can be as large as the Seebeck coefficient, resulting in a large spin figure of merit. In addition, it is demonstrated that the junction can be tuned to supply only spin current but no charge current. We also discuss experimental systems where our predictions can be verified.
Current Perspectives in Site Remediation and Monitoring Clarifying DQO Terminology Usage to Support Modernization of Site Cleanup Practice

The appropriate use of field analytical technologies and dynamic work plans could dramatically improve the cost-effectiveness of environmental restoration activities. EPAs Technology Innovation Office (TIO) has been developing classroom and Internet web-based courses to promote adoption of these tools and strategies. TIOs experience has been that a common language to unambiguously communicate technical concepts is vital if regulators, stakeholders, and practitioners are to negotiate, plan, and implement these projects to their mutual satisfaction.
X-ray/UV variability and the origin of soft X-ray excess emission from II Zw 177

We study X-ray and UV emission from the narrow-line Seyfert 1 galaxy II~Zw~177 using a $137\ks$ long and another $13\ks$ short \xmm{} observation performed in 2012 and 2001, respectively. Both observations show soft X-ray excess emission contributing $76.9\pm4.9\%$ in 2012 and $58.8\pm10.2\%$ in 2001 in the $0.3-2\kev$ band. We find that both blurred reflection from an ionized disc and Comptonized disc emission describe the observed soft excess well. Time-resolved spectroscopy on scales of $\sim20\ks$ reveals strong correlation between the soft excess and the powerlaw components. The fractional variability amplitude $F_{var}$ derived from EPIC-pn lightcurves at different energy bands is nearly constant ($F_{var} \sim20\%$). This is in contrast to other AGNs where the lack of short term variation in soft X-ray excess emission has been attributed to intense light bending in the framework of the "lamppost" model. Thus, the variations in powerlaw emission are most likely intrinsic to corona rather than just due to the changes of height of compact corona. The variable UV emission ($F_{var} \sim 1\%$) is uncorrelated to any of the X-ray components on short timescales suggesting that the UV emission is not dominated by the reprocessed emission. The gradual observed decline in the UV emission in 2012 may be related to the secular decline due to the changes in the accretion rate. In this case, the short term X-ray variability is not due to the changes in the seed photons but intrinsic to the hot corona.
Student-Athletes’ Religious Beliefs, Religious Behaviors, and Religious Identity at a Christian University

Abstract Athletics occupies an ambiguous place within the greater university mission, particularly at religious institutions. Intercollegiate sports programs may purport to reinforce the university’s aim to develop the whole person, but the nature of athletics can compromise student-athlete religiosity and well-being. Little research has focused on the religiosity of student-athletes and the potential implications for religious institutions. Our analysis features data from 884 senior students at a private, religiously affiliated, NCAA Division I university. Comparing student-athletes to non-athletes, we found that student-athletes scored higher than non-athletes on religious beliefs, religious behaviors, and sense of religious identity.
Artificial light at night may decrease predation risk for terrestrial insects

Artificial light at night (ALAN) is thought to be detrimental for terrestrial insect populations. While there exists evidence for lower abundance under ALAN, underlying mechanisms remain unclear. One mechanism by which ALAN may contribute to insect declines may be through facilitating increased predation. We investigated this by experimentally manipulating insect-substitute abundance under differential levels of light. We used insect-containing birdfeed placed at varying distances from streetlights as a proxy for terrestrial insects, inspecting the rate of predation before and after dusk (when streetlights are, respectively, off and on). We found that there was a significantly greater effect of increasing distance on predation after dusk, suggesting that predation was actually reduced by greater levels of artificial light. This may occur because ALAN also increases the vulnerability of insectivores to their own predators. Implications for foraging behaviour and alternative explanations are discussed.
Galaxy pairs in the Sloan Digital Sky Survey – VII. The merger–luminous infrared galaxy connection

We use a sample of 9397 low z galaxies with a close companion to investigate the connection between mergers and luminous infra-red (IR) galaxies (LIRGs). The pairs are selected from the SDSS and have projected separations rp 10.5), likely because the SFR enhancement required to produce LIRG luminosities is more modest than at low masses. The Delta SFR offers a redshift-independent metric for the identification of the galaxies with the most enhanced star forming rates that does not rely on fixed LIR boundaries.
A multimodal modeling approach to schizophrenia

Multimodal data sets are getting more and more common. Integrating these data sets, the information from each modality can be combined to improve performance in classification problems. Fusion/integration of modalities can be done at several levels. The most appropriate fusion level is related to the conditional dependency between modalities. A varying degree of inter-modality dependency can be present across the modalities. A method for assessing the conditional dependency structure of the modalities and their relationship to intra-modality dependencies in each modality is therefore needed. The aim of the present paper is to propose a method for assessing these inter-modality dependencies. The approach is based on two permutations of an analyzed data set, each exploring different dependencies between and within modalities. The method was tested on the Kaggle MLSP 2014 Schizophrenia Classification Challenge data set which is composed of features from functional magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and structural MRI. The results support the use of a permutation strategy for testing conditional dependencies between modalities in a multimodal classification problem.
Optimal Control of PDE-constrained Systems

Real-life applications of production optimization face challenges of risks related to unpredictable fluctuations in oil prices and sparse geological data. Consequently, operating companies are reluctant to adopt model-based production optimization into their operations. Conventional production optimization methods focus on mitigation of geological risks related to the long-term net present value (NPV). A major drawback of such methods is that the time-dependent and exceedingly growing uncertainty of oil prices implies that long-term predictions become highly unreliable. Conventional methods therefore leave the oil production subject to substantial economical risk. To address this challenge, this paper introduces a novel set of time-explicit (TE) methods, which combine ideas of multi-objective optimization and ensemble-based risk mitigation into a computationally tractable joint effort of mitigating economical and geological risks. As opposed to conventional strategies that focus on a single long-term objective, TE methods seek to reduce risks and promote returns over the entire reservoir life by optimization of a given ensemble-based geological risk measure over time. By explicit involvement of time, economical risks are implicitly addressed by balancing short-term and long-term objectives throughout the reservoir life. Open-loop simulations of a two-phase synthetic reservoir demonstrate that TE methods may significantly improve short-term risk measures such as expected return, standard deviation and conditional value-at-risk compared to nominal, robust and mean-variance optimization. The gains in short-term objectives are obtained with none or only slight deterioration of long-term objectives. & 2016 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
Towards a Standard Process enabling AI-support for Safety and Conformity of Medical Devices

Within the lifecycle of a medical device, Post-Market Surveillance (PMS) refers to the proactive, systematic and periodic monitoring of adverse events and other findings related to medical devices on the market, aiming to ensure the safety of patients, healthcare professionals and other users. PMS and associated activities, like Vigilance, are required by law and part of the obligatory risk management for medical products where regulatory requirements to be met are, for instance, defined by the Medical Device Regulation. Information to be monitored includes adverse event reports, clinical studies, scientific publications and other reports from any relevant internal or external data source. This requires the collection of heterogeneous data from various data sources in order to perform qualitative and quantitative analysis. In this work, we propose an initial version of a standard process with emphasis on data collection and analysis of data relevant for PMS and associated activities within the medical device lifecycle which is based on experience from regulatory specialists in this field. In addition, the challenges and potential for AI-support within these processes are discussed.
Phonon creation by gravitational waves

We show that gravitational waves create phonons in a Bose–Einstein condensate (BEC). A traveling spacetime distortion produces particle creation resonances that correspond to the dynamical Casimir effect in a BEC phononic field contained in a cavity-type trap. We propose to use this effect to detect gravitational waves. The amplitude of the wave can be estimated applying recently developed relativistic quantum metrology techniques. We provide the optimal precision bound on the estimation of the waveʼs amplitude. Finally, we show that the parameter regime required to detect gravitational waves with this technique could be, in principle, within experimental reach in a medium-term timescale.
Impact of an inhomogeneous density distribution on selected observational characteristics of circumstellar disks

Context. The analysis of observations of circumstellar disks around young stellar objects is often based on models with a smooth and continuous density distribution. However, spatially resolved observations with increasing angular resolution and dynamical models indicate that circumstellar disks are highlystructured. Aims. We investigate the influence of different clumpy density distributions on selected physical properties and observable characteristics of circumstellar disks. Methods. Based on radiative transfer modelling we calculate the temperature structure of the disk and simulate observational quantities in the thermal re-emission and scattering regime. We compare our results to those obtained for a smooth and continuous density distribution to quantify the influence of clumps on physical parameters and observable quantities of circumstellar disks. Results. Within the considered model space, the clumpiness has a significant impact on the disk temperature distribution. For instance, in the transition region from the upper disk layers to the disk interior, it causes a decrease of the mean temperature by up to 12 K. In addition, circumstellar disks with clumpy density distributions feature a lower spectral index in the submm/mm range of the SED. As a consequence of the lower spectral index, the dust grain size derived from the submm/mm-slope of the SED may be overestimated, if the inhomogeneity of the disk density distribution is not taken into account. Furthermore, the scattered light brightness distribution of clumpy disks shows a steeper radial decrease. Additionally, clumpy density distributions change the degree of polarization of the scattered light in the optical.
MEASURABLE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN BRIGHT GALAXIES AND THEIR FAINT COMPANIONS IN WHL J085910.0+294957, A GALAXY CLUSTER AT z = 0.30: VESTIGES OF INFALLEN GROUPS?

The properties of satellite galaxies are closely related to their host galaxies in galaxy groups. In cluster environments, on the other hand, the interaction between close neighbors is known to be limited. Our goal is to examine the relationships between host and satellite galaxies in the harsh environment of a galaxy cluster. To achieve this goal, we study a galaxy cluster WHL J085910.0+294957 at z = 0.30 using deep images obtained with CQUEAN CCD camera mounted on the 2.1 m Otto Struve Telescope. After member selection based on the scaling relations of photometric and structural parameters, we investigate the relationship between bright (Mi ⩽ −18) galaxies and their faint (−18 < Mi ⩽ −15) companions. The weighted mean color of faint companion galaxies shows no significant dependence (<1σ to bootstrap uncertainties) on cluster-centric distance and local luminosity density as well as the luminosity and concentration of an adjacent bright galaxy. However, the weighted mean color shows marginal dependence (∼2.2σ) on the color of an adjacent bright galaxy when the sample is limited to bright galaxies with at least two faint companions. By using a permutation test, we confirm that the correlation in color between bright galaxies and their faint companions in this cluster is statistically significant with a confidence level of 98.7%. The statistical significance increases if we additionally remove non-members using the Sloan Digital Sky Survey photometric redshift information (∼2.6σ and 99.3%). Our results suggest three possible scenarios: (1) vestiges of infallen groups, (2) dwarf capturing, and (3) tidal tearing of bright galaxies.
Maximizing experiential co-curricular programs through Stakeholders’ Theory: An explanatory mixed methods study

Background: Some medical schools offer co-curricular experiential education programs. Despite the established value of such experiences, there are no published studies that reflect upon the systematic integration of perceptions of primary stakeholders, whose engagement is necessary for program continuity. Purpose: To showcase how stakeholders’ theory can be deployed to holistically evaluate the quality of experiential learning opportunities and the value they offer to all stakeholders. Methodology/Approach: Based on a sequential explanatory mixed methods design, data was solicited from 14 Program Organizers, 107 Participating Students, and 107 Onsite Mentors. Findings/Conclusions: The Program Organizers strongly agreed (95.5%) that the co-curricular program is efficacious. A majority of Participating Students rated the overall quality-of-experience as excellent (81.6%), and most Onsite Mentors rated students’ attendance as excellent (88.7%). There was a dependency between Participating Students’ attendance and extent to which they were engaged in teamwork. The qualitative analysis generated the “Global Citizenship” conceptual framework. Implications: Stakeholders’ theory can be leveraged to broaden the analytic scope of experiential learning, encapsulating the development that occurs at the community level due to individuals’ engagement. This conceptual framework can be utilized by other institutions to guide the development of similar co-curricular programs.
Direct and inverse cascades of spin-wave turbulence in spin-1 ferromagnetic spinor Bose-Einstein condensates

We theoretically and numerically study spin-wave turbulence in spin-1 ferromagnetic spinor Bose-Einstein condensates, finding direct and inverse cascades with power-law behavior. To derive these power exponents analytically, the conventional weak wave turbulence theory is applied to the spin-1 spinor Gross-Pitaevskii equation. Thus, we obtain the $-7/3$ and $-5/3$ power laws in the transverse spin correlation function for the direct and inverse cascades, respectively. To confirm these power laws, numerical calculations are performed that obtain results consistent with these power laws.