Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Sex and Seniority: The Effects of Linguistic Categories on Conceptual Judgments and Memory

The current study explored the effects of different semantic categories in kinship terms on similarity judgments, word extensions, and recognition memory. We compared Indonesian ‐ in which sibling terms are based on relative age ‐ with English ‐ in which sibling terms are based on gender. In Experiment 1, participants saw triads of pictures of scenes involving kinship relations and were asked to make similarity judgments and to extend novel labels from the standards to the variants. The variants each resembled the standard along one dimension and differed along the other. In Experiment 2, other participants were asked to remember the standard pictures and were later tested on their recognition memory using the variants. Results from both experiments converged to suggest that participants’ judgments, word extensions, and memory were influenced by their semantic categories.
A programmable intraocular CMOS pressure sensor system implant

In this contribution we present a programmable intraocular pressure sensor system implant integrated on a single CMOS chip. It contains on-chip micromechanical pressure sensor array, a temperature sensor, readout and calibration electronics, a µC-based digital control unit, and an RF-transponder. The transponder enables wireless data transmission and wireless power reception, thus making batteryless operation feasible. The chip has been fabricated in a 1.2 µm n-well CMOS process complemented by additional processing steps.
Brain enlargement is associated with regression in preschool-age boys with autism spectrum disorders

Autism is a heterogeneous disorder with multiple behavioral and biological phenotypes. Accelerated brain growth during early childhood is a well-established biological feature of autism. Onset pattern, i.e., early onset or regressive, is an intensely studied behavioral phenotype of autism. There is currently little known, however, about whether, or how, onset status maps onto the abnormal brain growth. We examined the relationship between total brain volume and onset status in a large sample of 2- to 4-y-old boys and girls with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) [n = 53, no regression (nREG); n = 61, regression (REG)] and a comparison group of age-matched typically developing controls (n = 66). We also examined retrospective head circumference measurements from birth through 18 mo of age. We found that abnormal brain enlargement was most commonly found in boys with regressive autism. Brain size in boys without regression did not differ from controls. Retrospective head circumference measurements indicate that head circumference in boys with regressive autism is normal at birth but diverges from the other groups around 4–6 mo of age. There were no differences in brain size in girls with autism (n = 22, ASD; n = 24, controls). These results suggest that there may be distinct neural phenotypes associated with different onsets of autism. For boys with regressive autism, divergence in brain size occurs well before loss of skills is commonly reported. Thus, rapid head growth may be a risk factor for regressive autism.
CompGC: Efficient Offline/Online Semi-honest Two-party Computation

Abstract : We introduce a new technique, component-based garbled circuits, for increasing the efficiency of secure two-party computation in the offline/online semi-honest setting. We observe that real-world functions are generally constructed in a modular way, comprising many standard components such as arithmetic operations and other common tasks. Our technique allows circuits for these common tasks to be garbled and shared during an offline phase; once the function to compute is specified, these pre-shared components can be chained together to create a larger garbled circuit. We stress that we do not assume that the function is known during the offline phase only that it uses some common, predictable components. We give an implementation, Comp GC, of this technique and measure the efficiency gains for various examples. We find that our technique results in roughly an order of magnitude performance improvement over standard garbled circuit-based secure two-party computation.
Functional imaging studies of treatment‐induced recovery in chronic aphasia

Background: The reacquisition of language after stroke may profit from intense training with several hours of language exercises provided on each training day, especially in the chronic stage. Despite the general effectiveness of this, few studies to date have examined which brain regions mediate successful language recovery as a result of intense training. This knowledge is particularly important because the necessity of several hours of language exercises each day draws a considerable amount of (a) attentional and cognitive resources from the patients and (b) financial and personnel resources from the health system. Aims: Not all aphasia patients may be equally suited for intense training approaches. Functional imaging studies of treatment‐induced recovery in chronic aphasia may provide answers to this question and may allow the target‐oriented allocation of aphasia patients to (intense) training in the future. In the following sections we will provide a comprehensive review of functional imaging studies that employed intervention paradigms to explore the reacquisition of language functions in chronic aphasia. Main Contribution: A total of 13 studies have been published so far, including a total of 57 chronic aphasia patients. Most of these studies comprised case reports (N = 1–3 patients), which preclude generalisation of the results. To date, only three group studies (N = 10/11/16) have been accomplished. The majority of studies reported treatment‐induced changes of activity in both hemispheres, indicating that both perilesional as well as right (frontal) brain regions mediate intense training success. As 10 of the studies reviewed were concerned with the remediation of word‐retrieval difficulties, little is known of how treatment impacts on other aspects of impaired language functions like reading, comprehension, or syntactic processing. Furthermore, only immediate training effects were examined, and brain regions related to the long‐term retention of treatment effects may be different. Conclusions: More methodologically sound group studies are required to determine the neural correlates of treatment‐induced recovery in the chronic stage of aphasia. Supplemented by other imaging techniques, this knowledge may eventually contribute to the target‐oriented allocation of treatment resources in aphasia patients and may increase treatment efficiency. This work was supported by the German BMBF‐Research Consortium: Dopaminergic learning enhancement (01GW0520) and the German Volkswagen Stiftung (Az.: I/80 708). MM was supported by a grant of the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG, ME 3161/2‐1).
Distinct Mechanisms of Entry by Envelope Glycoproteins of Marburg and Ebola (Zaire) Viruses

Since the Marburg (MBG) and Ebola (EBO) viruses have sequence homology and cause similar diseases, we hypothesized that they associate with target cells by similar mechanisms. Pseudotype viruses prepared with a luciferase-containing human immunodeficiency virus type 1 backbone and packaged by the MBG virus or the Zaire subtype EBO virus glycoproteins (GP) mediated infection of a comparable wide range of mammalian cell types, and both were inhibited by ammonium chloride. In contrast, they exhibited differential sensitivities to treatment of target cells with tunicamycin, endoglycosidase H, or protease (pronase). Therefore, while they exhibit certain functional similarities, the MBG and EBO virus GP interact with target cells by distinct processes.
Manifestation of emerging specialties in journal literature: A growth model of papers, references, exemplars, bibliographic coupling, cocitation, and clustering coefficient distribution

© 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. • Published online 2 August 2005 in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI: 10.1002/asi.20208 A model is presented of the manifestation of the birth and development of a scientific specialty in a collection of journal papers. The proposed model, Cumulative Advantage by Paper with Exemplars (CAPE) is an adaptation of Price’s cumulative advantage model (D. Price, 1976). Two modifications are made: (a) references are cited in groups by paper, and (b) the model accounts for the generation of highly cited exemplar references immediately after the birth of the specialty. This simple growth process mimics many characteristic features of real collections of papers, including the structure of the paper-to-reference matrix, the reference-per-paper distribution, the paper-per-reference distribution, the bibliographic coupling distribution, the cocitation distribution, the bibliographic coupling clustering coefficient distribution, and the temporal distribution of exemplar references. The model yields a great deal of insight into the process that produces the connectedness and clustering of a collection of articles and references. Two examples are presented and successfully modeled: a collection of 131 articles on MEMS RF (microelectromechnical systems radio frequency) switches, and a collection of 901 articles on the subject of complex networks.
Expert Systems and Other New Techniques in MT Systems

Our MT systems integrate many advanced concepts from the fields of computer science, linguistics, and AI: specialized languages for linguistic programming based on production systems, complete linguistic programming environment, multilevel representations, organization of the lexicons around "lexical units", units of translation of the size of several paragraphs, possibility of using text-driven heuristic strategies.We are now beginning to integrate new techniques: unified design of an "integrated" lexical data-base containing the lexicon in "natural" and "coded" form, use of the "static grammars" formalism as a specification language, addition of expert systems equipped with "extralinguistic" or "metalinguistic" knowledge, and design of a kind of structural metaeditor (driven by a static grammar) allowing the interactive construction of a document in the same way as syntactic editors are used for developing programs. We end the paper by mentioning some projects for long-term research.
Minimum node degree and k-connectivity in wireless networks with unreliable links

In this paper, we consider a wireless network with unreliable links and investigate its minimum node degree and k-connectivity. In such network, n nodes are uniformly distributed in a region, and edges are established for any two nodes within a certain distance and with a probabilistically active link in between. On a torus topology, we present a zero-one law for the property of minimum degree being at least k, leading to a zero-law for k-connectivity and an intermediate result towards a one-law. On a square with boundary effect, we establish a one-law for minimum degree. Our results are derived from rigorous analysis and also confirmed by the simulation, and they provide guidelines for the design of wireless networks.
S100A9/S100A8: Myeloid representatives of the S100 protein family as prominent players in innate immunity

Neutrophils are rapidly recruited to sites of inflammation and are thereby at the forefront of the organism's defense against numerous attacks. As unspecific phagocytes, they belong to the so‐called innate immunity. Two S100 proteins, namely S100A9 (MRP14) and S100A8 (MRP8), constitute roughly 40% of the cytosolic protein in these cells, implying by their pure abundance an important role in the effector functions of neutrophils. However, despite intense research in the past 15 years, the puzzle that may embed both molecules into the neutrophil/monocyte physiology is still incomplete. One reason might be the conformational variability the S100A9 and S100A8 molecules can adopt. They readily form hetero‐ and homodimeric, trimeric as well as tetrameric complexes, but they evidently do also exert specific functions as monomers. An ever‐increasing body of information suggests that S100A9 plays a prominent role in leukocyte trafficking and arachidonic acid metabolism. In addition, elevated levels of S100A9 and S100A8 in body fluids of inflamed tissues strengthen the view that these molecules are important players in fighting inflammation. The aim of this review is to give an update on the current developments concerning the S100A9/S100A8 molecule in biology and medicine. Microsc. Res. Tech. 60:569–580, 2003. © 2003 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
The Pleasures of Use: Federalizing Wilds, Nationalizing Life at the National Wildlife Federation

It is difficult to understand the deeply embedded culture of both wildlife protection and nature appreciation in the United States without coming to terms with major interest groups like the National Wildlife Federation. And, there is much to commend in the work of the National Wildlife Federation (NWF). It has struggled since 1936 to conserve scarce reserves of wildlife and their habitats, first, in North America, and then later throughout much of the world. As the nation’s largest conservation group, the National Wildlife Federation constantly works to identify America’s wildlife treasures, and then protect them through its use of sound science, effective legal work, and skillful lobbying. It was a critical player in the passage of the Endangered Species Act as well as the Wilderness Act, and today it devotes itself to the on-going struggles to expand, renew, and solidify the gains represented by American wildlife protection policies.
Ontological Stakeholder View: an Innovative Proposition Jose-luis Retolaza

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Optimal Control for a Remanufacturing Reverse Logistics System under Buy-Back Policy

In remanufacturing reverse logistics system, the used products inventory is difficult to control because the supply of used products is uncertain. In this paper, buy-back policy will be taken, i.e., used products will be bought back from end users. Moreover, in order to decrease the impact of the uncertainty on the whole reverse logistics system, an optimal control problem was considered based on a multi-echelon stochastic inventory system. The object of optimal control is to determine the optimal buy-back price and the optimal remanufacturing quantity so that the cost of the whole system is minimum. The problem was formulated into a Markov decision process model with two state variables and two decision variables. By decomposing the model, the optimal policy of whole system can be obtained from the optimal policy of sub-problems. Finally, the dynamic programming algorithms for the optimal policies were proposed
Social capital and the built environment: the importance of walkable neighborhoods.

OBJECTIVES I sought to examine whether pedestrian-oriented, mixed-use neighborhoods encourage enhanced levels of social and community engagement (i.e., social capital). METHODS The study investigated the relationship between neighborhood design and individual levels of social capital. Data were obtained from a household survey that measured the social capital of citizens living in neighborhoods that ranged from traditional, mixed-use, pedestrian-oriented designs to modern, car-dependent suburban subdivisions in Galway, Ireland. RESULTS The analyses indicate that persons living in walkable, mixed-use neighborhoods have higher levels of social capital compared with those living in car-oriented suburbs. Respondents living in walkable neighborhoods were more likely to know their neighbors, participate politically, trust others, and be socially engaged. CONCLUSIONS Walkable, mixed-use neighborhood designs can encourage the development of social capital.
The language of Australian citizenship

The study of Australian citizenship could no longer be referred to as neglected. Empirical and theoretical studies have shown the development of both the idea and practice to be incremental and ad hoc: a source of inclusion and exclusion. Historians and political scientists have shown how citizenship was developed through studying legislative documents, constitutional devices, common law interpretation, and administrative practice. Whilst many have alluded to the speeches and texts of leaders, in my mind insufficient attention has been placed on the role of political language. My argument aims not only to show how Australian citizenship has been developed but also argues that public political language (with a firm connection to social reality) has, in the absence of legal and official definition and explication, vastly shaped our past and present imaginings of the citizen.
A review of factors associated with greater likelihood of suicide attempts and suicide deaths in bipolar disorder: Part II of a report of the International Society for Bipolar Disorders Task Force on Suicide in Bipolar Disorder

Objectives: Many factors influence the likelihood of suicide attempts or deaths in persons with bipolar disorder. One key aim of the International Society for Bipolar Disorders Task Force on Suicide was to summarize the available literature on the presence and magnitude of effect of these factors. Methods: A systematic review of studies published from 1 January 1980 to 30 May 2014 identified using keywords ‘bipolar disorder’ and ‘suicide attempts or suicide’. This specific paper examined all reports on factors putatively associated with suicide attempts or suicide deaths in bipolar disorder samples. Factors were subcategorized into: (1) sociodemographics, (2) clinical characteristics of bipolar disorder, (3) comorbidities, and (4) other clinical variables. Results: We identified 141 studies that examined how 20 specific factors influenced the likelihood of suicide attempts or deaths. While the level of evidence and degree of confluence varied across factors, there was at least one study that found an effect for each of the following factors: sex, age, race, marital status, religious affiliation, age of illness onset, duration of illness, bipolar disorder subtype, polarity of first episode, polarity of current/recent episode, predominant polarity, mood episode characteristics, psychosis, psychiatric comorbidity, personality characteristics, sexual dysfunction, first-degree family history of suicide or mood disorders, past suicide attempts, early life trauma, and psychosocial precipitants. Conclusion: There is a wealth of data on factors that influence the likelihood of suicide attempts and suicide deaths in people with bipolar disorder. Given the heterogeneity of study samples and designs, further research is needed to replicate and determine the magnitude of effect of most of these factors. This approach can ultimately lead to enhanced risk stratification for patients with bipolar disorder.
Active Comprehension: Problem-Solving Schema with Question Generation for Comprehension of Complex Short Stories

A PROBLEM-SOLVING SCHEMA for comprehending short stories was augmented by construction of schema-general questions for each story element. Fifteen eleventh-grade students, randomly assigned to the experimental group, were taught to derive story-specific questions from the schema-general questions as they read complex short stories. The control group read to answer questions posed beforehand by the teacher. Each group read six short stories over a threeweek period. Criterion-referenced tests administered after each story resulted in statistically significant differences between the two groups. This evidence implies (1) that instruction can help students improve in reader-based processing of text and (2) that story grammar structures acquired prior to or during elementary school may be adequate for processing simple fables, but more adequate and more appropriate cognitive structures with strategies for making schemageneral questions story-specific are necessary for processing, storing, and retrieving information derived from reading complex short stories.
Task Learning Using Graphical Programming and Human Demonstrations

The next generation of robots will have to learn new tasks or refine the existing ones through direct interaction with the environment or through a teaching/coaching process in programming by demonstration (PbD) and learning by instruction frameworks. In this paper, we propose to extend the classical PbD approach with a graphical language that makes robot coaching easier. The main idea is based on graphical programming where the user designs complex robot tasks by using a set of low-level action primitives. Different to other systems, our action primitives are made general and flexible so that the user can train them online and therefore easily design high level tasks
A new radar waveform design algorithm with improved feasibility for spectral coexistence

Radar signal design in a spectrally crowded environment is currently a challenge due to the increasing requests for spectrum from both military sensing applications and civilian wireless services. The goal of this paper is to improve a previously devised algorithm for the synthesis of optimized radar waveforms fulfilling spectral compatibility with overlaid licensed radiators. The new technique achieves an enhanced spectral coexistence with the surrounding electromagnetic environment through a suitable modulation of the transmitted waveform energy, which was kept fixed at the maximum level in the previously devised algorithm. At the analysis stage, the waveform performance is studied in terms of trade-off among the achievable Signal to Interference Plus Noise Ratio (SINR), spectral shape, and the resulting Autocorrelation Function (ACF), also in situations where the previous technique cannot be applied.
Learning a Complete Image Indexing Pipeline

To work at scale, a complete image indexing system comprises two components: An inverted file index to restrict the actual search to only a subset that should contain most of the items relevant to the query; An approximate distance computation mechanism to rapidly scan these lists. While supervised deep learning has recently enabled improvements to the latter, the former continues to be based on unsupervised clustering in the literature. In this work, we propose a first system that learns both components within a unifying neural framework of structured binary encoding.
Nobody wants it so why is it there? Towards an understanding of low-level disruption

This article looks in some detail at the transcript of a mathematics lesson in exploring the nature of low-level disruption in schools. This is preceded by a brief theoretical overview of behavioural issues, aimed at giving a context for the consideration of low-level disruption. The discussion of the issues arising from the analysis of the transcript includes an argument for explicitly teaching aspects of classroom behaviour to children at the beginning of the secondary school years as a means of ensuring better access to classroom learning opportunities and greater autonomy for teachers to work with children in a proactive, rather than reactive, manner.