Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Accessing personal assistance services in the workplace: Struggles and successes

This article explores the concept of personal assistance services (PAS) in the workplace for individuals with disabilities. Three focus groups were conducted with individuals with disabilities who use PAS in the workplace. Thirteen men and three women provided insight regarding their experiences accessing and maintaining personal assistants in the workplace. Issues of discrimination, knowing who and when to request worksite PAS, self identifying with a disability, and understanding one's PAS needs were identified as important factors in PAS at the workplace. The recommendations participants most frequently reported were to become a strong self-advocate and improve public policy around worksite PAS. Discussion focuses on how to incorporate the experiences and insights of the participants into enhancing the rehabilitation process for individuals who want to be in the workforce.
The Challenge of Substance Abuse

Substance abuse and its effects on school-age children are serious problems (Hawley, 1987). The federal government's National Survey on Drug Abuse for 1982 revealed that among youth ages 12 to 17,70% had been exposed to alcohol and 27% reported alcohol use within the previous 30 days, with 27% having used marijuana at some time and 12% having used it within the previous 30 days (Ray & Ksir, 1987). In some metropolitan areas substance use has contributed to an increase of youth drug arrests and is correlated with crime, violence, and vandalism (DC OqPA, 1987). While there is a national effort to convince students to "Just Say NO" as well as various campaigns to create drug-free schools, more must be done if the problem is to be solved. This article describes how the problem of substance abuse affects special education and offers ways for special educators to address the needs of exceptional pupils who may be using alcohol or drugs.
THE MANAGEMENT AND NATURAL HISTORY OF SEVERE DYSPLASIA AND CARCINOMA IN SITU OF THE UTERINE CERVIX

This report concerns 375 patients seen in Frederiksberg, Denmark, between 1951 and 1972: 103 of them had severe dysplasia and 272 of them carcinoma in situ of the uterine cervix. Thirty patients had no primary treatment: 9 of them developed invasive carcinoma, and 2 of these died; 12 patients had persistent intraepithelial abnormality of the ceivix and the other 9 patients showed no abnormality after varying periods of observation. Recurrences after cone biopsy were noted in 9·5 and 10·1 per cent of patients with severe dysplasia and carcinoma in situ respectively, and in 2 per cent of patients who had an in situ carcinoma treated by hysterectomy. This made a total of 15 patients with recurrences. All were ultimately cured although two patients were found to have invasive carcinoma.
Irisin is expressed and produced by human muscle and adipose tissue in association with obesity and insulin resistance.

CONTEXT Recently irisin (encoded by Fndc5 gene) has been reported to stimulate browning and uncoupling protein 1 expression in sc adipose tissue of mice. OBJECTIVE The objective of the study was to investigate FNDC5 gene expression in human muscle and adipose tissue and circulating irisin according to obesity, insulin sensitivity, and type 2 diabetes. DESIGN, PATIENTS, AND MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE Adipose tissue FNDC5 gene expression and circulating irisin (ELISA) were analyzed in 2 different cohorts (n = 125 and n = 76); muscle FNDC5 expression was also evaluated in a subcohort of 34 subjects. In vitro studies in human preadipocytes and adipocytes and in induced browning of 3T3-L1 cells (by means of retinoblastoma 1 silencing) were also performed. RESULTS In both sc and visceral adipose tissue, FNDC5 gene expression decreased significantly in association with obesity and was positively associated with brown adipose tissue markers, lipogenic, insulin pathway-related, mitochondrial, and alternative macrophage gene markers and negatively associated with LEP, TNFα, and FSP27 (a known repressor of brown genes). Circulating irisin and irisin levels in adipose tissue were significantly associated with FNDC5 gene expression in adipose tissue. In muscle, the FNDC5 gene was 200-fold more expressed than in adipose tissue, and its expression was associated with body mass index, PGC1α, and other mitochondrial genes. In obese participants, FNDC5 gene expression in muscle was significantly decreased in association with type 2 diabetes. Interestingly, muscle FNDC5 gene expression was significantly associated with FNDC5 and UCP1 gene expression in visceral adipose tissue. In men, circulating irisin levels were negatively associated with obesity and insulin resistance. Irisin was secreted from human adipocytes into the media, and the induction of browning in 3T3-L1 cells led to increased secreted irisin levels. CONCLUSIONS Decreased circulating irisin concentration and FNDC5 gene expression in adipose tissue and muscle from obese and type 2 diabetic subjects suggests a loss of brown-like characteristics and a potential target for therapy.
A review of occupational disease surveillance systems in Modernet countries.

BACKGROUND To improve occupational health public policies and to facilitate coordinated research within the European Union to reduce the incidence of occupational diseases (ODs), it is important to know what OD surveillance systems exist and how they compare. Monitoring trends in occupational diseases and tracing new and emerging risks in a network (Modernet) participants are well placed to provide this information as most either contribute data to and/or are involved in the management of OD systems. AIMS To identify and describe OD surveillance systems in Modernet countries with the longer-term objective of identifying a core template to be used on a large scale. METHODS A questionnaire sent to Modernet participants, seeking structured information about the OD surveillance system(s) in their country. RESULTS Overall 14 countries (70%) provided information for 33 OD systems, among them 11 compensation-based (CB) systems. Six countries provided information for non-CB systems reporting for any type of OD. The other systems reported either only ODs from a prescribed list, or specific diagnoses or diagnostic groups, with reports to most schemes being physician-based. Data collected varied but all systems collected diagnosis, age, gender, date reported and occupation (and/or industry) and most collected information on exposure. CONCLUSIONS This review provides information beneficial to both policy makers and researchers by identifying data sources useable to measure OD trends in European countries and opening the way to future work, both on trend comparisons within Europe and on the definition of a core template to extend OD surveillance on a larger scale.
Percutaneous transvenous mitral commissurotomy using Inoue catheter in juvenile rheumatic mitral stenosis.

Percutaneous transvenous mitral commissurotomy (PTMC) using Inoue balloon was performed in 270 patients with rheumatic mitral stenosis. Of these 81 (27%), 48 males and 33 females, had juvenile mitral stenosis (age < 20 years, range 9-20 years mean 14 +/- 5). All patients were symptomatic (New York Heart Association [NYHA] class III in 61 patients and class IV in 20 patients). Following PTMC, the mitral valve area (MVA) increased from 0.8 +/- 0.4 to 2.2 +/- 0.5 cm2 (P < 0.001) and the cardiac index increased from 2.4 +/- 0.8 to 3.0 +/- 0.8 L/min/m2 (P < 0.001). Mean transmitral gradients decreased from 24 +/- 8 to 4 +/- 3 mm Hg (P < 0.001). Three (4%) patients had an increase in mitral regurgitation by 1 grade (grade 2/4); however, none required surgery. Significant left to right atrial shunt (Qp/Qs > 1.3: 1) on oximetry was detected in 8 (10%) patients. Overall results were compared to those with adult subgroup of patients with rheumatic mitral stenosis (n = 189, 100 females and 89 males), who underwent PTMC simultaneously. Their age ranged from 21 to 44 years (mean 32 +/- 11 years). The percentage increase in MVA was higher in juvenile as compared to adult patients (172 +/- 61 vs. 154 +/- 69, respectively, P < 0.01). A larger final MVA was achieved in the juvenile group (2.2 +/- 0.5 vs. 1.9 +/- 0.3 cm2, P < 0.05). However, the incidence of increase in mitral regurgitation by 1 grade was similar in two groups (6% vs. 4%, P = NS). (ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
‘Biasing’ the parathyroid hormone receptor: A novel anabolic approach to increasing bone mass?

‘Functional selectivity’ refers to the ability of a ligand to activate and/or inhibit only a subset of the signals capable of emanating from its cognate G‐protein‐coupled receptor (GPCR). Whereas conventional GPCR agonism and antagonism can be viewed as modulating the quantity of efficacy, functionally selective or ‘biased’ ligands qualitatively change the nature of information flow across the plasma membrane, raising the prospect of drugs with improved therapeutic efficacy or reduced side effects. Nonetheless, there is little experimental evidence that biased ligands offer advantages over conventional agonists/antagonists in vivo. Recent work with the type I parathyroid hormone receptor (PTH1R) suggests that biased ligands that selectively activate G‐protein‐independent arrestin‐mediated signalling pathways may hold promise in the treatment of osteoporosis. Parathyroid hormone (PTH) is a principle regulator of bone and calcium metabolism. In bone, PTH exerts complex effects; promoting new bone formation through direct actions on osteoblasts while simultaneously stimulating bone loss through indirect activation of osteoclastic bone resorption. Although the conventional PTH1R agonist teriparatide, PTH(1–34), is effective in the treatment of osteoporosis, its utility is limited by its bone‐resorptive effects and propensity to promote hypercalcaemia/hypercalcuria. In contrast, d‐Trp12,Tyr34‐bPTH(7–34) (PTH‐βarr), an arrestin pathway‐selective agonist for the PTH1R, induces anabolic bone formation independent of classic G‐protein‐coupled signalling mechanisms. Unlike PTH(1–34), PTH‐βarr appears to ‘uncouple’ the anabolic effects of PTH1R activation from its catabolic and calcitropic effects. Such findings offer evidence that arrestin pathway‐selective GPCR agonists can elicit potentially beneficial effects in vivo that cannot be achieved using conventional agonist or antagonist ligands.
Buckling of Elastomeric Beams Enables Actuation of Soft Machines

Soft, pneumatic actuators that buckle when interior pressure is less than exterior provide a new mechanism of actuation. Upon application of negative pneumatic pressure, elastic beam elements in these actuators undergo reversible, cooperative collapse, and generate a rotational motion. These actuators are inexpensive to fabricate, lightweight, easy to control, and safe to operate. They can be used in devices that manipulate objects, locomote, or interact cooperatively with humans.
Molecular Predictors of Sensitivity to the Insulin-like Growth Factor 1 Receptor Inhibitor Figitumumab (CP-751,871)

Figitumumab (CP-751,871), a potent and fully human monoclonal anti–insulin-like growth factor 1 receptor (IGF1R) antibody, has been investigated in clinical trials of several solid tumors. To identify biomarkers of sensitivity and resistance to figitumumab, its in vitro antiproliferative activity was analyzed in a panel of 93 cancer cell lines by combining in vitro screens with extensive molecular profiling of genomic aberrations. Overall response was bimodal and the majority of cell lines were resistant to figitumumab. Nine of 15 sensitive cell lines were derived from colon cancers. Correlations between genomic characteristics of cancer cell lines with figitumumab antiproliferative activity revealed that components of the IGF pathway, including IRS2 (insulin receptor substrate 2) and IGFBP5 (IGF-binding protein 5), played a pivotal role in determining the sensitivity of tumors to single-agent figitumumab. Tissue-specific differences among the top predictive genes highlight the need for tumor-specific patient selection strategies. For the first time, we report that alteration or expression of the MYB oncogene is associated with sensitivity to IGF1R inhibitors. MYB is dysregulated in hematologic and epithelial tumors, and IGF1R inhibition may represent a novel therapeutic opportunity. Although growth inhibitory activity with single-agent figitumumab was relatively rare, nine combinations comprising figitumumab plus chemotherapeutic agents or other targeted agents exhibited properties of synergy. Inhibitors of the ERBB family were frequently synergistic and potential biomarkers of drug synergy were identified. Several biomarkers of antiproliferative activity of figitumumab both alone and in combination with other therapies may inform the design of clinical trials evaluating IGF1R inhibitors. Mol Cancer Ther; 12(12); 2929–39. ©2013 AACR.
Molecular Evidence of Mother-to-Infant Transmission of Hepatitis G Virus among Women without Known Risk Factors for Parenteral Infections

ABSTRACT Hepatitis G virus (HGV) RNA was detected in 18 of 133 pregnant women from Tanzania without known risk factors for HGV infection and in 7 of 18 children born to HGV RNA-positive mothers. Molecular evidence of mother-to-infant transmission was obtained only for three of seven children. HGV RNA was also detected in 4 of 42 children born to non-HGV-infected women. Thus, mechanisms other than materno-filial may play an important role in HGV transmission during early childhood.
The Visually Responsive Neuron: From Basic Neurophysiology to Behavior

Part 1 Peripheral processing: the electrical responses of the trout photoreceptors to brief and prolonged illumination light sensitivity, adaptation and saturation in mammalian rods responses of isolated cat retinal ganglion cells to injected currents during development macaque ganglion cells and spatal vision the neurophysiological correlates of ccolour induction, ccolour and brightness contrast. Part 2: sensory integration in superior colliculus determinants of axonal and dendritic structure in the superior colliculus functional architecture of rodent superior colliculus - relevance of multiple output channgels the visually responsive neuron and beyond - multisensory integration in cat and monkey sensory integration in the deep layers of superior colliculus early and late flash-induced field responses correspond on On and OFF receptive field components in hamster superior colliculus. Part 3 Functional and anatomical organization of visual projections: functional organization of the projections from the rabbit's superior colliculus to the lateral posterior nucleus multiple visual areas in the posterior parietal cortex of primates corticotectal relationships - direct and "indirect" corticotectal pathways abnormal visual experience and spatio-temporal properties of area neurones in the cat visual behaviour following lesion of phasic W-fibres in the cat's optic tract visuotopic organization of corticocortical connections in the visual system disparity coding in the cat - a comparison between areas 17/18 and area 19. Part 4 Development and placticity: cortical convergence of On and Off pathways and functional adaptation of receptive field organization in cat area 17 temporal covariance of postsynaptic membrane potential and synaptic input role in synaptic efficiency n visual cortex potentiation of the extrageniculo-striate pathway - a possible role in visual pattern discrimination long-term changes in visual mechanisms following differential stimulation of colour and luminance channels during development the development of visual corticcal properties depends on visuo-proprioceptive congruence reorganization processes in the visual cortex also depend on visual experience in the adult cat extraretinal modulation of geniculate neuronal activity by conditioning the properties of the long-term potentiation (LTP) in the superior colliculus the nature of synaptic plasticity in the visual cortex of kittens an electrophysiological analysis in vitro. Part contents.
Comparison of the TIMI and the GRACE risk scores with the extent of coronary artery disease in patients with non-ST-elevation acute coronary syndrome.

OBJECTIVE To compare the accuracy of the Global Registry of Acute Coronary Events risk score and the Thrombolysis In Myocardial Infarction risk score in predicting the extent of coronary artery disease in patients with non-ST segment elevation acute coronary syndrome. METHODS The cross-sectional study comprising 406 consecutive patients was conducted at the National Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Karachi, from August 2010 to March 2011. For all patients, the GRACE and TIMI RS's relevant scores on the two indices were calculated on admission using specified variables. The patients underwent coronary angiography to determine the extent of the disease. A significant level was defined as > or =70% stenosis in any major epicardial artery or > or =50% stenosis in the left main coronary artery. SPSS 19 was used for statistical analysis. RESULTS Both the indices showed good predictive value in identifying the extent of the disease. A Thrombolysis In Myocardial Infarction score >4 and Global Registry of Acute Coronary Events score >133 was significantly associated with 3vessel disease and left main disease, while for the former score < or =4 and latter score < or =133 was associated with normal or non-obstructive coronary disease (p<0.01). On comparison of the two risk scores, the discriminatory accuracy of the latter was significantly superior to the former in predicting 2vessel, 3vessel and left main diseases (p<0.05). CONCLUSION Although both the indices were helpful in predicting the extent of the disease, the Global Registry showed better performance and was more strongly associated with multi-vessel and left main coronary artery disease.
Multi-band RF time delay element based on frequency translation

Design of tunable multi-band time delay elements based on frequency translation is presented. The proposed topology exhibits time delay of multiple periods of the RF carrier. Two possible implementations of the proposed idea are presented and simulation results are shown for one such implementation. The implemented circuit exhibits an envelope delay of 2.5 ns with the RF carrier delay tunable from 0° to 360° in 45° steps in the 2.4 GHz ISM band.
Visual schemas in object recognition and scene analysis

Humans have the ability to rapidly and accurately recognize objects in a scene. We perform this task by matching visual inputs with object representations in our memory. These representations are not simply raw images in terms of light and dark pixels, but describe the spatial structure of objects. In many computational models, such representations are implemented as visual schemas, which are active functional units that cooperate and compete to determine which representation best matches the object. This article focuses on how visual schemas can be implemented in neural networks and how they can be used to model human object recognition and scene analysis.
Bounds on the mean system-size and delay for a movable-boundary integrated circuit and packet switched communications channel

Consideration is given to a multiaccess communications channel which is shared on an integrated circuit-switched and packet-switched basis. Applications include time-division multiplexing and demand-assigned/TDMA (time-division multiaccess) communication channels which are shared by circuit-switched services (such as isochronous voice) and packet-switched services (such as data). Frames of fixed duration are established and divided into two parts: one part is used for voice transmissions while the other part serves to accommodate packetized data traffic. These two parts are separated by a movable boundary, so that data traffic can use the frame capacity which is temporarily unoccupied by voice transmissions. An exact expression is derived for the mean packet system size and delay. To reduce the computational complexity involved in using this expression, simpler expressions for upper and lower bounds are derived for the mean packet system size and packet delay. Examples that demonstrate the tightness of these numerically efficient bounds are presented. <<ETX>>
Budgeting Practices of Principals of Secondary Schools in South-East Geo-Political Zone of Nigeria

This study was necessitated by the growing concern by education stakeholders in Nigeria over the poor budgetary planning and implementation of the principals of Nigeria secondary schools. The study utilized qualitative approach with questionnaire, checklist and documentation as instruments for data collection. Simple random sampling procedure was used in drawing 689 principals and 51 account supervisors from a total population of 1093 principals and 79 account supervisors. The study answered four research questions and tested four null hypotheses. Mean and standard deviation were used to answer the research questions while t-test was used to test the hypotheses. The findings of the study showed that principals follow the budget guideline specifications in planning and implementing budget, but do not buy science equipment, maintain school vehicles, buildings and furniture, they do not organize workshops, seminars and conferences, and do not defend budget with their bursars. Based on the above findings, it was recommended among others, that Nigerian principals should work cooperatively with their staff. State governments should equip the principals with adequate fund to maintain buildings, furniture and school vehicles. Key Words: Budgeting, Budget, budgeting Practices, State Education Management Board (SEMB), Financial Management
IPNL: A NAT-extended internet architecture

This paper presents and analyzes IPNL (for IP Next Layer), a NAT-extended Internet protocol architecture designed to scalably solve the address depletion problem of IPv4. A NAT-extended architecture is one where only hosts and NAT boxes are modified. IPv4 routers and support protocols remain untouched. IPNL attempts to maintain all of the original characteristics of IPv4, most notably address prefix location independence. IPNL provides true site isolation (no renumbering), and allows sites to be multi-homed without polluting the default-free routing zone with per-site prefixes. We discuss IPNL's architectural benefits and drawbacks, and show that it comes acceptably close to achieving its goals.
Women's Experience of Emotional Abuse in Intimate Relationships

ABSTRACT A qualitative study was conducted to examine women's experience of emotional abuse within the context of heterosexual relationships from a feminist perspective. Memory-work was used to collect and analyse data from seven women and findings indicate that being routinely subordinated by men has long-term and negative consequences for women's emotional health. Furthermore, results suggest that these women often perceived their partners to expect to be in positions of authority and to set the rules and standards in the relationship, as is commonly associated with the male gendered role. Similarly, such men are perceived as expecting special privileges, such as being seen to be right, and are often seen as behaving in a self-righteous manner. How ever, such expectations were not always described as being made overt. Similarities and differences in the way men's perceived behaviour impacted the women will be considered. Finally, the process of how the women regained their power, either prior to or after leaving the relationship, will be discussed.