Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Vegetation development in the Lake MiłKowskie area, north-eastern Poland, from the Plenivistulian to the late Holocene.

Pollen and fossil green algae studies of bottom sediments from Lake Milkowskie provide new data about the post-glacial history of terrestrial and lacustrine vegetation in the Great Mazurian Lake Dis- trict region. The studied basin is a small gully lake fi lled up with sediments almost 25 m thick, which were partly annually laminated. This paper describes the events and stages of plant cover development from the Plenivistulian ca. 16 600 cal. BP, when the sediment deposition process began, until the younger Holocene ca. 3800 cal. BP. Special attention is paid to Late Glacial palynostratigraphy which is poorly known so far. Detailed radiocarbon chronology has made it possible to determine the age of particular phenomena, which is especially important in the context of sedimentological gaps present in the Late Glacial section. The stud- ied profi le is the longest pollen record of post-glacial evolution of vegetation in north-east Poland. Pollen analysis, for example, revealed the local presence of Larix since the Plenivistulian; the early dominance of Hippophae rhamnoides ca. 14 400-14 200 cal. BP; the early immigration of tree birches (confi rmed by mac- rofossil remains) and the establishment of woodland at ca. 14 200-14 150 cal. BP; the rapid opening up of the landscape and intensive development of juniper at ca. 12 600-12 000 cal. BP and the late migration of spruce ca. 3900 cal. BP. Palaeoalgological studies showed a close correlation among climate, sediment type and fossil green algae taxonomic composition.
Random Homogenization for the Stokes Flow through a Leaky Membrane

We study a random homogenization problem concerning the flow of a viscous fluid through a permeable membrane with a highly oscillatory geometry and nonlinear boundary condition on it. Along an interface we consider a periodic distribution of small permeable obstacles with a random geometry. Leak boundary conditions of threshold type are considered on the obstacle part of the membrane: the normal velocity of the fluid is zero until the jump of the normal component of the stress acting on it reaches a certain limit, and then the fluid may pass freely. The problem is studied first in the deterministic case, and then in the random case, for which assumptions on the randomness of the solid obstacles are needed in order to obtain a limiting behaviour. The description of the obstacles is given in terms of a random set-valued variable defined on a probability space and a dynamical system acting on it. Effective boundary conditions for the fluid are derived, and these depend on the relative size of the obstacles. We establish two major cases, in one of them we obtain an effective permeability across the membrane and in the critical case a slip boundary condition of Navier type. If the dynamical system is assumed to be ergodic, the limiting behaviour of the fluid is deterministic. The approach is based on the Mosco convergence, which also allows us to pass from the stationary case to the time dependent case via the convergence of the associated semigroups.
Oceanography of the British Columbia Coast

THOMSON, R.E. 1981. Oceanography of the British Columbia coast. Can. Spec. Publ. Fish. Aquat. Sci. 56: 291p. This book deals with the physical aspects of the sea as exemplified by the Pacific Ocean and the contiguous waters of the British Columbia coast. Although principally devoted to waves, currents, and tides, the book spans a broad spectrum of topics ranging from meteorology and marine biology to past and present marine geology. It attempts to elucidate the nature of oceanic motions and to relate them to everyday experience for the general interest of the casual reader and for the practical benefit of the professional mariner, scientist, or engineer.
Zebrafish as a comprehensive model of neurological diseases

Neurological diseases play an important role in world health and require new treatments. In recent years, the zebrafish (Danio rerio) has emerged as a powerful and versatile animal model to study many neurological diseases and facilitate drug discovery. This article provides an overview of the use of zebrafish models in neuro drug discovery and clinical evaluation and highlights the challenges in translating these findings into clinical practice. Researchers are using the zebrafish model to study various neurological diseases such as Alzheimer's, Parkinson's, epilepsy and autism spectrum disorders. These models provide insight into disease processes and allow the identification of drug targets and therapeutic agents. However, several challenges prevent the zebrafish-based findings from being translated for clinical use. First, the difference in brain complexity between zebrafish and animals requires careful validation of results in more complex models. In addition, it is difficult to understand drug pharmacokinetics and kinetics in zebrafish and to determine their relationship to human physiology. In addition, the need for qualitative behavioral tests and quantitative neurological readouts present significant challenges for assessing the efficacy of drugs in zebrafish models. Overcoming these challenges requires the optimization of experiments and the integration of advanced techniques to improve data accuracy and reproducibility.
Computational Fluorescence Imaging with Multi-Core Fiber Bundles – Towards High-Speed Imaging Through Bare Optical Fibers

Wavefront control of the coherent lasers has opened a new class of imaging techniques through optical fibers called lensless endoscopes. A spatial light modulator (SLM) at the entrance of an optical fiber modifies the wavefront of a laser beam to undo the scrambling of the initial beams by the fiber and this enables the transport of either illumination patterns or images through the fiber [1]. In the most common implementation, the SLM allows for the generation and the scanning of a single high-intensity focus at the distal end of the fiber with no additional optical elements, analogous to a confocal scanning microscope. This allows for the acquisition of images at a rate only limited by the update rate of the SLM (ranging from a few Hz to $\sim \text{kHz}$). This is relatively slow compared to a confocal microscope where pixel dwell times in the $\mu \mathrm{s}$ regime are routinely obtained. Hence, it remains a significant challenge to speedup the image acquisition rates with lensless endoscopes.
Design and Development of Bluetooth Library Using API Stand for Android WSN

The Bluetooth library using API standard for android WSN (Wireless Sensor Networks) is a framework consisting of a software stack, exposing Application Programming Interface (API), centered around Bluetooth Low Energy (BLE) networks and nodes. It enables developers to easily manage the communication between WSN nodes running on Android devices and network systems. In addition, the library supports multiple connectivity types, such as BLE, Bluetooth Classic and NFC (Near Field Communication). The library works with several Bluetooth specifications, such as Bluetooth LE, Bluetooth Classic and NFC. It also supports different aspects of WSNs, such as discovery, access control and data exchange. Additionally, the library enables developers to easily integrate functions like device discovery, pairing, encryption and communication. In order to develop the library, design principles have to be put in place to ensure the robustness, security and privacy of applications developed on top of the library to protect their environment. Additionally, the library must be designed to be easy to use and easy to maintain, providing agility and scalability. The development of the library has focused on abstracting the underlying protocols in an efficient fashion, enabling developers to focus on the development of their applications, instead of worrying about the language overhead or the limitations of the Bluetooth module. This has ensured that the most essential characteristics of individual protocols are handled in a transparent manner, while still giving developers the ability to customize their applications. The Bluetooth library using API standard for android WSN is the core framework for building secure and powerful communication solutions, utilizing all the features exposed by the latest versions of Bluetooth protocols, thus empowering developers to create high-quality and reliable Bluetooth applications.
Ranking fuzzy numbers based on weighted distance

We discuss how to rank fuzzy numbers using weighted distance in this paper. Basic properties of this ranking method are investigated. Further, we prove that the proposed order can be generated by a ranking index. At last, in the case of a pair of specific weights, we compute the ranking index in some common cases of practical applications.
An Efficient Self-Evolution Method of Autonomous Driving for Any Given Algorithm

Autonomous vehicles are expected to achieve self-evolution in the real-world environment to gradually cover more complex and changing scenarios. Reinforcement learning focuses on how agents act in the environment to maximize the cumulative reward, with a great potential to achieve self-evolution ability. However, most of reinforcement learning algorithms suffer from a low sample efficiency, which greatly limits their application in autonomous driving. This paper presents an efficient self-evolution method for any given algorithm based on the combination of Soft Actor Critic (SAC) and Behavioral Cloning(BC). First, the states of the sample trajectory in the replay buffer are separated and input into the given algorithm (algorithm with fundamental performance) to get the output label of actions such that the SAC algorithm can be guided using BC to achieve fast iteration in the direction of optimization with existing basic performance. Then, the value iteration algorithm is combined to achieve the proportion allocation of mixed gradient feedback, in order to trade off exploitation and exploration. In addition, the proposed methodology is evaluated in simulation environment taking automated speed control as an example. Experiment results show that compared with SAC algorithm, the proposed method can realize more than three times of convergence efficiency improvement, while without destroying the exploration enhancement advantage of reinforcement learning algorithm, that is, the performance is improved by 20% compared with the given algorithm (Intelligent Driver Model, IDM). The proposed method can easily extended to improve any given model no matter it is model-based or learning-based algorithm.
Análisis psicométrico de la Escala de Desesperanza de Beck en escolares de la ciudad de Arequipa

Introducción: La desesperanza es un sentimiento de pesimismo frente al futuro a partir de las experiencias presentes. Su estudio a ameritado la creación de la Escala de Desesperanza de Beck que ha sido aplicada en diversos países alrededor del mundo, con fines clínicos y psicométricos. El presente estudio tiene por objetivo valorar la validez y la confiabilidad de dicho instrumento, en adolescentes de la ciudad de Arequipa. Población y métodos: Se aplicó la Escala de Desesperanza de Beck a 872 estudiantes de 4to y 5to de secundaria de cinco instituciones educativas de Arequipa, cuyas edades oscilan entre los 14 y los 18 años. Se valoró la validez mediante el análisis factorial exploratorio y confirmatorio, y la confiabilidad mediante la prueba Alfa de Cronbach. Resultados: El análisis factorial confirmatorio reveló una estructura de tres factores, pero se tuvieron que eliminar los ítems 4, 8 y 18 para obtener índices adecuados de bondad de ajuste, sin embargo, los valores de la confiabilidad no superaron el valor de 0.7, lo que sugiere que la escala no es consistente. Conclusión: La EDB cuenta con validez de constructo, pues se compone de tres factores, pero sus índices de confiabilidad no son los más adecuados para la población adolescente de colegios públicos de la ciudad de Arequipa.
Influence of irrigation intervals, some cultivars and plant spacing on growth, yield and its components in rice part (2) yield and yield components.

A two-year experiment was carried out on rice (Oryza sativa L.), during 2006 (S1) and 2007 (S2), at the Rice Research and Training Center (RRTC) at Sakha, Kafr El-Sheikh Governorate, Egypt. The trail included three factors, viz. irrigation intervals (6 "I-6", 9 "I-9" and 12 "I-12" days), three rice cultivars (Sakha 101"Sk-101", Sakha 103 "Sk-103" and Sakha 104 "Sk-104") and three plant spacing (15x15 "Ps1", 15x20 "Ps2" and 15x25 "Ps3" cm). A split-split plot design was used. Experimental plot area was 15 m . Eight traits were studied. Water use efficiency was estimated. Simple correlation 2 coefficients were calculated. Curve estimation was performed too. The obtained results in both seasons showed the following: Significant differences were detected in all traits as respects the studied three factors. Concerning irrigation effect, a general trend was observed in most traits, where the I-6 significantly exceeded I-9 which surpassed I-12. An opposite trend was observed with sterility% and 1000 grain weight. The highest grain yield/fed. was 4.52 in S1 and 4.17 ton in S2. Among cultivars, Sk-101 was the superior one in most cases followed by Sk-103 then Sk-104, such superior cultivar yielded 4.27 and 4.23 ton grain/fed. in S1 and S2, respectively. Sakha-104 gave the pronounced straw yield/fed. , viz 9.85 ton in S1 and 9.04 ton in S2. According to spacing, the narrowest one 15x15 cm "Ps1" outyielded the other two spacings, such superior spacing treatment produced 4.49 and 4.12 ton/fed. in S1 and S2, respectively. The 1000 grain weight was the highest when planting was practised at wider spacing (15x25 cm). For first order interactions, significancy was shown with irrigation x cultivar in four traits including grain yield/fed. The combination I-6xSk-101 yielded 5.31 in S1 and 4.74 ton/fed in S2. For irrigation x spacing interaction, significant differences were obtained also in the same four traits previously mentioned, with minor deviation. The (I-6xPs1) yielded the pronounced grain yield/fed. , viz 5.59 in S1 and 4.62 ton in S2. The first order interaction showed its highest significant grain yield by Sk-101xPs1 which yielded 5.28 in S1 and 4.69 ton/fed. in S2. The second order interaction showed insignificant effects with all aspects. Water use efficiency was significantly affected by the three main factors and the first order interaction irrigation x cultivar only. The pronounced treatments previously mentioned produced the highest WUE. Correlation was highly significant in all aspects. It was positive in most cases. However, the correlation of sterility% and 1000 grain weight with other traits was negative. Curve estimation illustrated that the relation between grain yield and total applied water was a quadratic one in both seasons.
Dynamic Sampling Algorithm for Agriculture-Monitoring Ground Robot

We present the development and evaluation of a dynamic sampling algorithm for an agriculture-monitoring ground robot designed to locate insects in an agricultural field, where complete sampling of all plants is infeasible due to resource constraints. The algorithm utilizes real-time information to prioritise sampling at suspected points, locate hot spots and adapt sampling plans accordingly. A simulation environment was constructed to examine the algorithm's performance, and it was compared to two existing algorithms using Tetranychidae insect data from previous research. Sensitivity analyses reveals that the dynamic algorithm outperformed the others in all tested use cases, reaching 100 % detection approximately 3–5 days sooner when applied to small fields, and identifying 30 %–50 % more insects for larger fields. Its high detection percentages in small fields – 100 for a 1 ha field – decreased moderately with increasing field size to 80 % for a 10 ha field, seemingly irrespective of insect spread rate, which also barely affected insect detection. Doubling the time spent on each sample improved the results by 30–50 % on average in the first ten days, but in the following days the gap narrows. (
Multitrack Recording and Two-stage Decoding Schemes for Heated Dot Magnetic Recording with Double-layered Bit Patterned Media

In previous work, a two-stage signal processing scheme for a heated-dot magnetic recording (HDMR) system using double-layered bit-patterned media (BPM) was proposed [1]. This two-stage signal processing scheme can be applied or extended to an advanced HDMR system combined with multi-track recording and simultaneous detection. Consequently, the two-stage signal processing scheme is capable of detecting data sequences recorded on double tracks simultaneously in an order which progresses from the top layer (upper layer) to the bottom layer (lower layer). In addition, the two-stage signal processing scheme is able to produce a fourfold increase in the effective transmission rate of the HDMR system with two-track simultaneous detection and double-layered BPM compared to the HDMR system with single-track detection and single-layered BPM. The purpose of introducing multi-track recording and simultaneous detection schemes causes further to further increase the effective transmission ratio. Using multi-track recording and simultaneous detection in this way, this research shows how significant of an effect can be expected in terms of improving the error rate performance.
RANGE COLLAPSE, GENETIC DIFFERENTIATION, AND CLIMATE CHANGE: AN ECOLOGICAL HISTORY OF THE DIANA FRITILLARY, SPEYERIA DIANA AND PROJECTIONS FOR ITS FUTURE

56 Introduction . 56 Methods . 58 Results . 62 Discussion . 66 Literature Cited . 70 III. PREDICTED EFFECTS OF CLIMATE CHANGE ON THE FUTURE GEOGRAPHIC DISTRIBUTION OF THE DIANA FRITILLARY IN SOUTHEASTERN US
Scheduling Service Updates: A Multi-arm Bandit Approach

Software as a Service (SaaS) instances often use edge resources to serve their customers. The version of the service hosted at the edge needs to be periodically updated to maximize the utility derived by the customers. We focus on scheduling updates in the setting where the utility derived from a version is an unknown decreasing function of the time elapsed since the version was created. We map the scheduling problem to a multi-arm bandit and propose an update policy. We characterize its performance and compare it with the fundamental limit on the performance of any online policy.
Artificial Synapse Emulated by Indium Tin Oxide/SiN/TaN Resistive Switching Device for Neuromorphic System

In this paper, we fabricate an ITO/SiN/TaN memristor device and analyze its electrical characteristics for a neuromorphic system. The device structure and chemical properties are investigated using transmission electron microscopy and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. Uniform bipolar switching is achieved through DC sweep under a compliance current of 5 mA. Also, the analog reset phenomenon is observed by modulating the reset voltage for long-term memory. Additionally, short-term memory characteristics are obtained by controlling the strength of the pulse response. Finally, bio-inspired synaptic characteristics are emulated using Hebbian learning rules such as spike-rate-dependent plasticity (SRDP) and spike-timing-dependent plasticity (STDP). As a result, we believe that the coexistence of short-term and long-term memories in the ITO/SiN/TaN device can provide flexibility in device design in future neuromorphic applications.
Study on Operation Mechanism and Strategy for DC Distributed Power-Collecting and Cascaded Voltage-Boosting Station With DEMS

In this article, an offshore DC distributed power-collecting and cascaded voltage-boosting (DPCB) system with distributed energy management system (DEMS) is presented for DC energy collection and DC-voltage boosting, which is differ from conventional centralized power-collecting and cascaded voltage-boosting structure applied in HVDC station. And the whole system includes multiple cascaded single active bridges (SABs) and distributed bidirectional DC/DC converters, which has advantages of powerful DC voltage-boosting capacity and system elasticity, and low design complexity, system failure-rate and cost. Three studied aspects are as follows. First, circuit equations and operational mechanism of DPCB are analyzed, and its performance is shown through Bode diagram under designed PI strategy according to small signal model; Second, power fluctuation suppression strategy is proposed to suppress power fluctuation, and designed FCS-MPC strategy for DC/DC converter makes DEMS have good system performance; Third, fault tolerance strategies are presented to protect DPCB system from breakdown when submodular, power difference or DC bus voltage drop faults occur. Finally, the system feasibility and effectiveness are verified by experiments.
Slit Guidance Ligand 3 (SLIT3) Loaded in Hydrogel Microparticles Enhances the Tendon-Bone Healing through Promotion of Type-H Vessel Formation: An Experimental Study in Mice

Poor tendon–bone interface (TBI) integration is one of the major causes contributing to unsatisfactory healing quality in patients after anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) reconstruction. Type H vessels have been recently found to closely modulate bone formation via regulation of the osteo-angiogenic crosstalk, so the strategies favoring type H vessel formation may be promising therapeutic approaches for improved graft osteointegration. In this study, we reported for the first time the treatment outcome of slit guidance ligand 3 (slit3), a novel proangiogenic factor favoring type H vessel formation, in TBI healing in mice with ACL reconstruction. The mice (n = 87) were divided into three groups for various treatments: hydrogel microparticles (HMP, control group), slit3@HMP, and slit3 neutralizing antibody@HMP (slit3-AB@HMP). Histological analysis, gait performance, radiographic measurement, and biomechanical testing were performed to assess the TBI healing quality. Increased bony ingrowth and reduced fibrous scar tissue was formed at the TBI in the slit3@HMP group when compared to the HMP group. Meanwhile, the slit3-AB@HMP inhibited the osseous ingrowth and increased fibrous scar tissue formation relative to the HMP group. Compared to the HMP group, the slit3@HMP favored type H vessel formation at the TBI while the slit3-AB@HMP impeded it. According to micro-CT assessment, compared to the HMP group, the slit3@HMP significantly increased the peri-tunnel bone mass while the slit3-AB@HMP significantly reduced the peri-tunnel bone mass. The mice in the slit3@HMP group showed the best gait performance in terms of stance time, stride length, paw print area, and stance pressure. Dynamic laxity measurement and tensile testing showed the slit3@HMP group exhibited significantly reduced laxity displacement and improved failure load and stiffness relative to the other two groups. Collectively, the injection of slit3 could be used to enhance tendon–bone integration, which may be ascribed to modulation of angiogenesis–osteogenesis crosstalk coupled by type H vessels.
Soliton Microcomb Repetition-Rate Locking via CW Laser Injection

Dissipative Kerr solitons (DKSs) in continuous-wave (CW) laser-driven microresonators enable ultra-fast sources and optical frequency combs with high repetition rates up to few THz [1]. The frequency comb spectra are defined by two degrees of freedom: an offset frequency and line spacing (i.e. repetition rate). While the CW pump laser defines the center frequency of the spectrum, the line spacing is susceptible to fluctuations due to technical and fundamental noise sources. Reducing these fluctuations and stabilizing the repetition rate is essential to many application such as optical communication, low-noise signal generation or precision spectroscopy, and active control and/or stabilization may be required. As an alternative, all-optical stabilization based on injecting a CW laser into the wing of the comb, has been studied theoretically [2], describing the locking of the closest DKS comb line to the CW laser, an effect similar to parametric seeding [3].