Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
FORENSIC VERIFICATION TO DIFFERENTIATE BETWEEN REAL AND FAKE IMAGES

: Multimedia security is one of the most significant issues all are currently facing because of the reliance society is on multimedia information, that is increasing each day. Every normal user of a smart phone or computer today has access to affordable image editing software that enables users to modify the information present in images and videos in a particular manner. The authenticity of the images must be verified by the detection of image tampering. To restore the public's faith in visual media, forgery detection in digital images is vital. Hence, forensic verification of digital images is an essential area of research to distinguish between authentic and altered images, notably in the case of copy-move and splicing forgeries. Copy-move detection seeks to locate areas of an image that have been copied and pasted elsewhere, whereas splicing detection seeks to locate areas of other images that have been combined to produce a fake image. This paper addresses a system that consists of two methodologies for copy-move detection: CFA Artifacts and the DBSCAN clustering algorithm, a methodology for splicing detection: ELA (Error Level Analysis) as well as a method for double compression detection. These methodologies can be used to accurately identify copy-move and splicing forgeries in digital images, which is useful in a variety of sectors such as law enforcement, multimedia, and digital forensics.
A manual for intertidal clam surveys

x CHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTION 1 WHAT'S IN TI-fIS MANUAL? 2 WHY DO CLAM SURVEyS? 2 CONVENTIONS USED IN THIS MANUAL 3 How TO CONTACT DFO 4 CHAPTER 2 SYNOPSIS OF SURVEY PROTOCOL 5 STATEMENT OF PROTOCOL 5 SUBMITTING DATA TO DFO 8 A COMMENT ON SAMPLING RATES 8 CHAPTER 3 HARDSHELL CLAMS 11 MANILA CLAM (VENERUPIS PHILIPP/NARUM [ADAMS AND REEVE, 1850]) 11 NATIVE LITTLENECK CLAM (PROTOTHACA STAMINEA [CONRAD, 1837]) 13 BUTlER CLAM (SAXlDOMUS GIGANTEA [DESHAYES, 1839]) 14 SUMMARY 14 CHAPTER 4 PROBABILITY SAMPLING 19 WHAT IS PROBABILITY SAMPLING? 19 WHAT IS RANDOMIZATION? 21 How TO SELECT A RANDOM SAMPLE 22 LIVING WITH AGGREGATIONS 23 WHY USE RANDOMIZATION? ' 24 ASSUMPTIONS IN SAMPLING' 25 STATISTICAL NOTATION 26 CHAPTER 5 SIMPLE RANDOM SAMPLING 37 SELECTING A SIMPLE RANDOM SAMPLE 37 ESTIMATING THE POPULATION MEAN 38 ESTIMATING THE POPULATION TOTAL 39 CONFIDENCE INTERVALS* 40 CHAPTER 6 CASE STUDY 1 46 CHAPTER 7 STRATIFIED RANDOM SAMPLING 50 SELECTING A STRATIFIED RANDOM SAMPLE. 51 ESTIMATING THE POPULATION MEAN 51 ESTIMATING THE POPULATION TOTAL 52 CONFIDENCE INTERVALS· 53 ALLOCATION OF SURVEY EFFORT 54 GAIN IN PRECISION FROM STRATIFICATION' 55
ENVIRONMENTAL ASPECTS OF ¹²⁹I.

2. Identification of Environmental Aspects • The Environmental Engineer (EE) is responsible for assessing environmental aspects annually in accordance with the EMS Environmental Aspects Procedure (held in the Property and Facilities, Environmental Services Workbook). • The Manager, Moreton Bay Research Station, is invited to identify environmental aspects through appropriate communications (i.e. memorandum, email, etc) at the time of the assessment. Aspects may also be identified at anytime and forwarded to EE if identified outside the annual review.
The Determinants of Agglomeration

Abstract This paper examines the microfoundations of agglomeration economies for U.S. manufacturing industries. Using industries as observations, we regress the Ellison–Glaeser (G. Ellison and E. Glaeser, 1997, J. Polit. Econ. 105, 889–927) measure of spatial concentration on industry characteristics that proxy for the presence of knowledge spillovers, labor market pooling, input sharing, product shipping costs, and natural advantage. The analysis is conducted separately at the zipcode, county, and state levels. Results indicate that proxies for labor market pooling have the most robust effect, positively influencing agglomeration at all levels of geography. Proxies for knowledge spillovers, in contrast, positively affect agglomeration only at the zipcode level. Reliance on manufactured inputs or natural resources positively affects agglomeration at the state level but has little effect on agglomeration at lower levels of geography. The same is true for the perishability of output, a proxy for product shipping costs.
From the bottom up: a colorectal surgeon's perspective of the pelvic floor

A deficient or dyssynergistic pelvic floor may initially be addressed by a physiotherapist with a special interest in this field. The majority of cases improve to the point of requiring no further treatment and never need an operation. For the minority that remain symptomatic, assessment through radiology and possibly anorectal physiology is then necessary to help tailor treatment. The two main topics discussed in this paper are faecal incontinence and constipation since these are two of the most prevalent pelvic floor problems encountered in our joint clinics. Rectal bleeding is also addressed since this is also a common symptom volunteered by our patients.
Aunt Lily Can Say Her Visualizations: Directing Analysis, Design, and Storytelling in Natural Language (A Vision)

We envision LILY , a flexible, lightweight, expressive, mixed­ initiative authoring tool for anyone to direct data stories end­to­end – from insight­finding to storytelling – by saying words. We as­ sume our vocabulary of visualizations is represented as an open repository of templates shared by authors. Our approach associates user queries with templates using learned embeddings, derives a set of variable bindings, and ranks the bindings by similarity with the user’s query. By supporting data binding and template customiza­ tion via natural language, LILY inherits the expressiveness of the union of popular authoring tools like D3 and Data Illustrator, while relying more on the scale and quality of NLP models. We discuss how LILY can accelerate high­ and low­level authoring workflows, facilitate coarse­ and fine­grain customization, and accommodate different design styles and expression habits. We intend LILY to provide a natural means of data storytelling, for novices and experts alike.
Evaluation of Tourist Resources in Liuchong and Longtan Scenic Spots of Longtan National Forest Park

To further explore characteristics of tourist resources in Liuchong and Longtan Scenic spots in Longtan National Forest Park,Classification,Investigation and Evaluation of Tourist Resources(GB/T18972-2003) and Quality Grading of Scenic Resources in Forest Parks of China(GB/T18005-1999) were adopted to analyze composition and distribution features of tourist resources in Liuchong and Longtan Scenic Spots,qualitative evaluation of scenic resources in the 2 study scenic spots,quantitative evaluation of resource units and quality evaluation of tourist resources were respectively carried out.The results showed that the park has diversified tourist resources such as peaks,valleys,cliffs,brooks,waterfalls and forests,as well as rich animal and plant species and an excellent natural eco-environment;5 Grade-IV tourist landscapes,6 Grade-III tourist landscapes,14 Grade-II ones,4 Grade-I ones;quality of tourist resources was scored as 41.3,up to the scenic resource standards of Grade-I Forest Park.
Can Large Language Models Reason about Program Invariants?

Identifying invariants is an important program analysis task with applications towards program understanding, bug ﬁnding, vulnerability analysis, and formal veriﬁcation. Existing tools for identifying program invariants rely on dynamic analysis, requiring traces collected from multiple executions in order to produce reliable invariants. We study the application of large language models to invariant prediction, ﬁnding that models trained on source code and ﬁne-tuned for invariant generation can perform invariant prediction as static rather than dynamic analysis. Using a scratch-pad approach where invariants are predicted sequentially through a program gives the best performance, ﬁnding invariants statically of quality comparable to those obtained by a dynamic analysis tool with access to ﬁve program traces.
Comparison of Machine Learning and Deep Learning Methods Based on Recurrence Analysis for Obstructive Sleep Apnea Detection

Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is a substantial health risk often associated with severe cardiovascular diseases, yet it frequently goes undiagnosed by the prohibitive cost of gold standard's polysomnography. This study aims to improve OSA detection by comparing traditional machine learning (ML) methods with a modern deep learning (DL) approach based on AlexNet, specifically those utilizing recurrence quantification analysis (RQA) and general recurrence plots (GRPs) in heart rate variability (HRV). Publicly available PhysioNet databases were used, with ECG recordings divided into one-minute intervals. Following TRIPOD guidelines, the results show that the employed DL model outperforms traditional ML models in terms of overall accuracy. More importantly, the AlexNet-based model achieves a better balance between sensitivity and specificity compared to standard classifiers. This study emphasizes DL's potential in enhancing OSA detection through HRV analysis with RQA and GRPs, advancing research in this crucial healthcare area.
A HIERARCHICAL DIRICHLET PROCESS MIXTURE MODEL FOR HAPLOTYPE RECONSTRUCTION FROM MULTI-POPULATION DATA

The perennial problem of “how many clusters? ” remains an issue of substantial interests in data mining and machine learning communities, and becomes particularly salient in large data sets such as populational genomic data where the number of clusters needs to be relatively large and open-ended. This problem gets further complicated in a co-clustering scenario in which one needs to solve multiple clustering problems simultaneously because of the presence of common centroids (e.g., ancestors) shared by clusters (e.g., possible descendants from a certain ancestor) from different multiple-cluster samples (e.g., different human subpopulations). In this paper, we present a hierarchical nonparametric Bayesian model to address this problem in the context of multi-population haplotype inference. Uncovering the haplotypes of single nucleotide polymorphisms is essential for many biological and medical applications. While it is uncommon for the genotype data to be pooled from multiple ethnically distinct populations, few existing programs have explicitly leverage the individual ethnic information for haplotype inference. We present a new haplotype inference program, Haploi, which makes use of such information and is readily applicable to genotype sequences with thousands of SNPs from heterogeneous populations, with competent and sometimes superior speed and accuracy comparing to the state-of-the-art programs. Underlying Haploi is a new haplotype distribution model based on a nonparametric Bayesian formalism known as the hierarchical Dirichlet process, which represents a tractable surrogate to the coalescent process. The proposed model is exchangeable, unbounded, and capable of coupling demographic information of different populations. It offers a well-founded statistical framework for posterior inference of individual haplotypes, and the size and configuration of haplotype ancestor pools given genotype data.
Sleep quality and daytime sleepiness among college students: testing an explanatory model

The current study aimed to test, through structural equation modeling, an explanatory model of the sleep quality and excessive daytime sleepiness among Brazilian college students ( N = 407). They answered the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI), Epworth Sleepiness Scale (ESS), 12-item General Health Questionnaire, Fatigue Assessment Scale (FAS), Academic Stress Scale (ASS), Drug Use Time Questionnaire (DUTQ)
Vernal Pool Vegetation and Soil Patterns Along Hydrologic Gradients in Western Massachusetts

iii ACKNOWLEDGMENTS I would first like to acknowledge my committee of Tim Randhir, Mickey Spokas, and Scott Jackson for their continued knowledge, support and assistance in this project. To Mickey Spokas, thank you for your encouragement, willingness and dedication to my success as a student and new professional. Your involvement has been integral to my success. I would also like to acknowledge the additional technical and statistical assistance that was afforded to me by Deb Picking, Karen Searcy at the UMass Herbarium, Colleen Puzas, and Rachel Neveu for their hard work in the soil lab. Thank you to my fellow grad friends (especially at TSG) who have both helped and truly energized me. To my husband, Ben, your unwavering support, understanding and encouragement to persevere are unparalleled. Thank you to my family for always taking an interest in my projects and excitement for new adventures. Vernal pools are wetland resources that are known for providing breeding habitat for species adapted to the characteristic wetting and drying conditions. Endemic species are known to vary by geography; for example, on the west coast of the United States vernal pools are known for their endemic plant species, as opposed to the east coast, particularly New England, where vernal pools are recognized for their breeding amphibian populations. In New England, it has been suggested that there may be few plant species, if any, useful in classifying vernal pools separately from other wetlands. However, there are still many aspects of vernal pools that evade scientific understanding from a wetlands perspective, such as hydrology and hydric soil occurrence, which inherently affect the vegetation distribution. This study looks at relationships along the hydrologic gradient between and within six pools; including the vegetation community, soil characteristics and hydrology. Pool conditions were monitored weekly throughout the 2011 and 2012 growing seasons. Each pool was equipped with permanent platinum-tipped v redox probes to quantify the severity and duration of soil reduction. We described and analyzed 12 soil profiles in each pool, distributed in summit/upland, basin, and rim/transition positions as defined by the high water line. The pools were systematically surveyed for understory vegetation during the 2012 growing season. Vegetation patterns varied between study areas. No clear pattern of unique vegetation was evident from an ordination of the gradient communities. Time series redox data showed a visual relationship to water table fluxuation, but also a dampening effect from soil organic matter …
Ultra-deep drilling to the middle crust of the Izu-Bonin-Mariana arc

One characteristic feature of the planet Earth is the bimodal height distribution at the surface. This is caused by the difference both in density and thickness of the oceanic and continental crusts. These two types of crust on the Earth are created at convergent and divergent plate boundaries, respectively. The bulk composition of continental crust is andesitic (60 wt.% SiO2), in marked contrast with the basaltic oceanic crust with ˜50 wt. % SiO2. This raises the question of how intra-oceanic arcs produce continental crust if the dominant product of mantle wedge melting and a major proportion of intra-oceanic arc lava is basaltic. The ultra-deep drilling in the Izu-Bonin Mariana (IBM) arc aims at comprehensive understanding of arc evolution and continental crust formation. We propose to drill a deep hole that penetrates through a complete sequence of intra-oceanic arc upper crust and into the in situ arc middle crust, which may be the birthplace of continental crust. There is no pre-existing continental crust in the IBM arc, yet recent seismic studies of this arc reveal a thick layer in the middle crust (Vp=6.0-6.5 km/s) that is hypothesized to be intermediate/felsic in composition. The primary goals of sampling the in situ arc crust through drilling are: (1) to identify the structure and lithologies present in the upper and middle arc crust, (2) to constrain the petrologic and chronological relationship of mid-crustal rocks to the overlying upper crust, (3) to establish the temporal evolution of arc crust by relating this site with other regional drill sites and exposed sections of arc and continental crust, and (4) to test competing hypotheses of how the upper and middle crust forms and evolves in an intra-oceanic arc setting. These objectives address questions of global signiﬁcance, but we have speciﬁcally identiﬁed the IBM arc system as an ideal locale to conduct this experiment. The composition of the pre-subduction upper plate was normal oceanic crust, and the tectonic and temporal evolution of this arc system is well-constrained. Moreover, the IBM system is perhaps the best-studied intra-oceanic arc on Earth, thanks to extensive sampling of the slab inputs and arc outputs through ﬁeld studies and drilling, and to a series of recent, focused geophysical surveys. We propose returning to the region of ODP Site 792 to drill, via. Eo-Oligocene upper crust, to the middle crust at the proposed site. The mid-crustal layer in this area is shallow enough (˜4000 mbsf) to be reached by drilling, and heat ﬂow is low enough for drilling to proceed at mid-crustal temperatures. Samples recovered from the proposed site will complement the drilling objectives at other proposed sites in temporally distinct Eocene and Neogene arc crust, which are proposed separately.
THE CASCADE ORTHOGONAL NEURAL NETWORK

in the paper new non-conventional growing neural network is proposed. It coincides with the Cascade- Correlation Learning Architecture structurally, but uses ortho-neurons as basic structure units, which can be adjusted using linear tuning procedures. As compared with conventional approximating neural networks proposed approach allows significantly to reduce time required for weight coefficients adjustment and the training dataset size.
Teachers’ Professional Learning in the Context of Implementing Project Based Learning in a Secondary School

This study explores teachers’ professional learning (TPL) in the context of a school-wide implementation of Project Based Learning (PBL). Using phenomenology, we studied the narratives of two teachers engaged in the implementation. The questions driving this research are: How do teachers conceptualize their learning as professionals involved in a curricular innovation (in this case, PBL)? ; What shifts in practice and identity occur? ; What concepts are central to teachers’ professional learning? ; and, What does this reveal about a stance of inquiry in professional learning? The analysis clarifies the nature of professional learning, which we articulate as a set of proposed concepts of TPL. Further connections are made between these findings about TPL and the theory of inquiry-as-stance.
Gusau Journal of Accounting and Finance (GUJAF) Vol.

Over the years, firms from financial, real estate and construction sectors in Nigeria have been challenged heavily by corporate governance lapses. This seems to have affected major spheres of performance and specifically market stock price of the firms, thereby necessitating investigation into its level of influence. This study assessed how corporate governance practices affected listed businesses in Nigeria's firm performance. The study's goal is to assess the impact of board diversity, independence, size, and ownership on the stock price performance of a sample of Nigerian public companies. In order to achieve this, the study used secondary data, which was based on an ex post facto research strategy and used a pooled data set gathered from sixteen (16) quoted businesses during the period between the 2006 and 2019 financial period. Descriptive statistics, correlation matrices, and robust least squares regression analysis techniques were used to analyze the data that had been gathered. The Agency theory and entrenchment hypothesis served as the study's pillars. The results support the entrenchment hypothesis, which contends that large board ownership percentages have a negative impact on stock price performance. In particular, we discover that the stock price performance of listed companies in Nigeria throughout the study period was negatively impacted by the corporate governance variables of board size and board ownership, both of which are statistically significant at1%, 5%, and 10%. The entrenchment effect, which is already at work among our sample companies, leads us to urge, among other things, that consideration be given to the review of board ownership and size in light of the study's findings. The study examines the impact of corporate control mechanisms on listed businesses' stock price performance in Nigeria from 2006 to 2020. Board Size (b size), Board Independence (b ind), Board Gender Diversity (bg div), and Board Ownership (b own) are the variables of interest that we used to examine the impact of the corporate governance system on stock price performance. However, we included Firm Leverage as a control variable (leverage).
One-shot Imitation in a Non-Stationary Environment via Multi-Modal Skill

One-shot imitation is to learn a new task from a single demonstration, yet it is a challenging problem to adopt it for complex tasks with the high domain diversity inherent in a non-stationary environment. To tackle the problem, we explore the compositionality of complex tasks, and present a novel skill-based imitation learning framework enabling one-shot imitation and zero-shot adaptation; from a single demonstration for a complex unseen task, a semantic skill sequence is inferred and then each skill in the sequence is converted into an action sequence optimized for environmental hidden dynamics that can vary over time. Specifically, we leverage a vision-language model to learn a semantic skill set from offline video datasets, where each skill is represented on the vision-language embedding space, and adapt meta-learning with dynamics inference to enable zero-shot skill adaptation. We evaluate our framework with various one-shot imitation scenarios for extended multi-stage Meta-world tasks, showing its superiority in learning complex tasks, generalizing to dynamics changes, and extending to different demonstration conditions and modalities, compared to other baselines.
Left Atrial Appendage Contraction Analysis: A Preliminary Test on Atrial Fibrillation Patients

In atrial fibrillation (AF), about 80% of the thrombi originates in left atrial appendage (LAA). However, it is still unclear how and to what extent LAA impaired mechanical contraction and the consequent compromised blood wash-out affects thrombogenesis. In this study, we proposed a novel approach to extract the centerline of LAA and defined different contraction parameters to assess the global impact of AF on LAA. Moreover, we also sub-divided the LAA into different regions and then performed regional contraction analysis. Up to now, we have tested this approach on patient-specific dynamic models of LAA, acquired from 5 normal subjects and 5 AF patients. Our algorithm successfully defined the LAA centerline, irrespective of the existence of variable LAA morphologies and with the help of global and regional contraction parameters, the differences in the contractility of LAA in normal and AF patients were demonstrated.
Gradience at the Syntax-Phonology Interface

In Mandarin Chinese, there are abundant words that have monosyllabic and disyllabic equivalents. For example, the verb for ‘to plant’ can be monosyllabic zhòng or disyllabic zhòng. zhí (the dot marks syllable boundaries), and the noun for ‘tree’ can be shù or shù. mù. As such, there are four logically possible combinations for the verb-object (VO) phrase to plant trees, as listed in (1), where “1” and “2” refer to monosyllabic and disyllabic forms, respectively.