Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Longitudinal studies of antisaccades in antipsychotic-naive first-episode schizophrenia

Background. Prefrontal cortical dysfunctions, including disturbances in adaptive context-specific behavior, have been reported in neuropsychological and brain imaging studies of schizophrenia. Some data suggest that treatment with antipsychotic medications may ameliorate these deficits. Method. We investigated antisaccade performance in 39 antipsychotic-naive, first-episode schizophrenia patients who were re-evaluated 6 weeks after treatment initiation. A group of matched healthy subjects were examined at similar time-points. Patients and healthy individuals available for longer-term testing were re-assessed 26 and 52 weeks after initial testing. Results. Before treatment, patients showed elevated rates of response suppression errors and prolonged latencies of correct antisaccades. Increased rates of antisaccade errors were associated with faster response latencies during a separate, visually guided saccade task, but only prior to treatment. Throughout the 1-year follow-up, patients progressively improved in their ability to voluntarily suppress context-inappropriate behavior. Although treatment assignment was by clinician choice, results of exploratory analyses revealed that patients treated with risperidone progressively planned and initiated correct antisaccades more quickly than patients receiving haloperidol. Conclusions. Deficits in the voluntary control of spatial attention are exaggerated during acute episodes of illness, but remain an enduring aspect of prefrontal dysfunction in schizophrenia even after treatment. During acute illness, speeded sensorimotor transformations may compound these deficits and contribute to the heightened distractibility associated with acute psychosis. Continued improvement in task performance throughout the 1-year follow-up suggests that partial normalization of prefrontal cognitive functions resulting from antipsychotic treatment may have a longer and more gradual time course than the reduction of acute psychotic symptoms.
Effects of the common cold on subjective alertness, reaction time and eye movements

The present study examined whether volunteers with common colds showed impairments in objective and subjective indicators of alertness. All the volunteers (N = 81) were tested when healthy to provide baseline data for mood, simple and choice reaction time tasks, and an anti-saccadic eye movement task. When subjects developed a cold (N = 17) they returned to the laboratory and repeated the procedure. Volunteers (N = 64) who remained healthy over a 10-week period were recalled as controls. The results showed that those with colds felt significantly less alert and had significantly slower simple and choice reaction times and eye movements. This extends earlier research and shows that electrophysiological measures may also be of use in assessing the behavioral changes induced by upper respiratory tract illnesses.
ABSOLUTENESS FOR UNIVERSALLY BAIRE SETS AND THE UNCOUNTABLE II

Cantor’s Continuum Hypothesis was proved to be independent from the usual ZFC axioms of Set Theory by Gödel and Cohen. The method of forcing, developed by Cohen to this end, has lead to a profusion of independence results in the following decades. Many other statements about infinite sets, such as the Borel Conjecture, Whitehead’s problem, and automatic continuity for Banach Algebras, were proved independent, perhaps leaving an impression that most nontrivial statements about infinite sets can be neither proved nor refuted in ZFC. Moreover, some classical statements imply the consistency of ZFC and stronger theories, and by Gödel’s incompleteness theorems the consistency of these statements with ZFC can be proved only by using strong axioms of infinity, so-called large cardinal axioms. A classical example is Banach’s ‘Lebesgue measure has a σ-additive extension to all sets of reals. ’ While it is fairly easy to find a model in which this is false and there is no known ZFC-proof of its negation, proving the consistency of this statement requires assuming the existence of a measurable cardinal ([32]). A remarkable result was proved by Shoenfield ([31]): every statement of the form (∃x ∈ R)(∀y ∈ R)φ(x, y), where all quantification in φ is over the natural numbers and all of its parameters are real numbers, is absolute between models of ZFC that are transitive and contain all countable ordinals. In this form Shoenfield’s theorem is best possible, as it cannot even be improved by adding one more alternation of quantifiers ranging over R. However, a corollary that the truth of any Σ2 statement (i.e., one of the above syntactical form) cannot be changed by forcing turned out to be susceptible to far-reaching generalizations. One of the more striking results in modern set theory is that the existence of suitable large cardinals implies that the theory of the inner model L(R) (the smallest inner model of ZF, the usual axioms of Set Theory without the Axiom of Choice, containing all real numbers) cannot be changed by set forcing (see [13, 21]). In particular, a sentence with real parameters and any number of alterations of quantifiers ranging over R, has a fixed truth value that cannot be changed by forcing. The impact of large cardinals on sets of reals goes well beyond L(R) to imply absoluteness for certain canonical sets of reals, the universally Baire sets ([11]), as defined below. A remarkable consequence is that the existence of large cardinals outright implies that all sets of reals in L(R), and indeed all universally Baire sets, share all the classical regularity properties of Borel sets such as Lebesgue measurability.
Prosecuting 'child pornography': Possession and taking of indecent photographs of children

This article examines the application of 'child pornography' law by police, prosecutors and the courts and presents the key findings from the first national study conducted into child pornography trials in the Crown Court in England and Wales against a wider statistical analysis of proceedings for possession of 'child pornography' in the Magistrates' Court. The findings show that there are very few prosecutions in the Crown Court and, of defendants proceeded against, most are involved in the taking of photographs rather than in distribution or possession per se . Notwithstanding, few of these defendants are charged with any additional sexual offence, although in the act of taking an indecent photograph of a child some further offence(s) must inevitably be committed. The findings suggest a relationship between child pornography and child sexual abuse. Defendants engage in disavowal and minimizing strategies, while judges also fail to recognize the dangerousness of those defendants convicted of possession or distribution. Sentencing continues to reflect the view that such child pornographers are benign and prison terms remain at the lower end of the tariff range.
Perfect phylogeny and haplotype assignment

This paper is concerned with the reconstruction of perfect phylogenies from binary character data with missing values, and related problems of inferring complete haplotypes from haplotypes or genotypes with missing data. In cases where the problems considered are NP-hard we assume a rich data hypothesis under which they become tractable. Natural probabilistic models are introduced for the generation of character vectors, haplotypes or genotypes with missing data, and it is shown that these models support the rich data hypothesis. The principal results include: A near-linear time algorithm for inferring a perfect phylogeny from binary character data (or haplotype data) with missing values, under the rich data hypothesis; A quadratic-time algorithm for inferring a perfect phylogeny from genotype data with missing values with high probability, under certain distributional assumptions; Demonstration that the problems of maximum-likelihood inference of complete haplotypes from partial haplotypes or partial genotypes can be cast as minimum-entropy disjoint set cover problems; In the case where the haplotypes come from a perfect phylogeny, a representation of the set cover problem as minimum-entropy covering of subtrees of a tree by nodes; An exact algorithm for minimum-entropy subtree covering, and demonstration that it runs in polynomial time when the subtrees have small diameter; Demonstration that a simple greedy approximation algorithm solves the minimum-entropy subtree covering problem with relative error tending to zero when the number of partial haplotypes per complete haplotype is large; An asymptotically consistent method of estimating the frequencies of the complete haplotypes in a perfect phylogeny, under an iid model for the distribution of missing data; Computational results on real data demonstrating the effectiveness of a the greedy algorithm for inferring haplotypes from genotypes with missing data, even in the absence of a perfect phylogeny.
Understanding Requirement Engineering for Context-Aware Service-Based Applications

Requirements of software systems tend to change over time. The speed of this tendency depends on the application domain the software system under consideration belongs to. If we consider novel contexts such as pervasive systems and systems supporting dynamic B2B interaction, requirements change so fast that the research community is studying how to build systems that are able to self-adapt on the fly to some of these changes. When this happens, the system does not need to undergo through a new development cycle thus increasing its availability and, to a certain extent, its robustness. So far, the research in the area of self-adaptive systems has been focusing on the definition of the mechanisms for supporting self-adaptation. We argue that what is missing now is a structured and robust design process associated to these mechanisms. This design process should include a Requirement Engineering (RE) phase that somewhat differs from the traditional one. However, the identification of requirements for adaptation requires a good knowledge of the context in which the system will be executed. In this work, we consider the modeling of such context as part of the RE phase and we particularly focus on Service-Based Applications (SBAs). We argue that RE activities should be supported at run-time to handle context changes and to support adaptation for SBAs. We survey the state of the art for what concerns the elicitation, modeling, and analysis of requirements and will highlight some issues and challenges in order to support adaptation for SBAs.
Introduction to Human-Robot Interaction: A Multi-Perspective Introductory Course

In this paper I describe the design of an introductory course in Human-Robot Interaction. This project-driven course is designed to introduce undergraduate and graduate engineering students, especially those enrolled in Computer Science, Mechanical Engineering, and Robotics degree programs, to key theories and methods used in the field of Human-Robot Interaction that they would otherwise be unlikely to see in those degree programs. To achieve this aim, the course takes students all the way from stakeholder analysis to empirical evaluation, covering and integrating key Qualitative, Design, Computational, and Quantitative methods along the way. I detail the goals, audience, and format of the course, and provide a detailed walkthrough of the course syllabus.
The Role of Modified Radical Hysterectomy in Endometrial Carcinoma

Improvement of the treatment results in patients with endometrial carcinoma has been achieved by a multidisciplinary approach including surgery, chemotherapy and radiotherapy, similar to the case for many other carcinomas. Although total hysterectomy/bilateral salpingo-oophorectomy (TH/BSO), pelvic and para-aortic lymphadenectomy and peritoneal cytology are often required, cases with early carcinomas predominate among cases of endometrial carcinoma, and TH/BSO alone is sufficient to achieve a favorable prognosis in such cases. The recommended surgical procedure for the staging of a patient with endometrial carcinoma clinically confined to the fundal portion of the uterus includes peritoneal cytology and TH/BSO with pelvic and para-aortic lymphadenectomy (National Comprehensive Cancer Network, 2011). For operable patients with cervical involvement, peritoneal cytology and radical hysterectomy/bilateral salpingooophorectomy with pelvic and para-aortic lymphadenectomy should be considered. However, radical hysterectomy always has a major adverse effect with dysuria. Improvement of the treatment results and quality of life (QOL) can also be expected from modified radical hysterectomy performed in appropriately selected patients. One of the advantages of modified radical hysterectomy is that it can be switched from radical hysterectomy in high-risk patients in terms of the age, obesity and presence of medical complications. For operable patients with intra-abdominal disease, surgical procedure includes peritoneal cytology, TH/BSO with pelvic and para-aortic lymphadenectomy, and maximal debulking. The pathologic information obtained also provides an optimal basis for the selection of adjuvant therapy. Therefore, complete surgical staging including pathologic and prognostic data on which to base decisions regarding adjuvant therapy should be required for all patients who do not have medical or technical contraindication to lymphadenectomy.
Consistent one-pion exchange currents in electron scattering from a relativistic Fermi gas

A set of fully relativistic one-pion-exchange electromagnetic operators is developed for use in one-particle emission reactions induced by electrons. To preserve the gauge invariance of the theory additional pionic correlation operators are required beyond the usual meson-exchange current operators. Of these, in the present work emphasis is placed on the self-energy current which is infinite and needs to be renormalized. The renormalized current is expanded to first order to obtain a genuine one-pion-exchange contribution to the inclusive responses.
Biogenic sulfur gases as biosignatures on temperate sub-Neptune waterworlds

Theoretical predictions and observational data indicate a class of sub-Neptune exoplanets may have water-rich interiors covered by hydrogen-dominated atmospheres. Provided suitable climate conditions, such planets could host surface liquid oceans. Motivated by recent JWST observations of K2-18 b, we self-consistently model the photochemistry and potential detectability of biogenic sulfur gases in the atmospheres of temperate sub-Neptune waterworlds for the first time. On Earth today, organic sulfur compounds produced by marine biota are rapidly destroyed by photochemical processes before they can accumulate to significant levels. Domagal-Goldman et al. (2011) suggest that detectable biogenic sulfur signatures could emerge in Archean-like atmospheres with higher biological production or low UV flux. In this study, we explore biogenic sulfur across a wide range of biological fluxes and stellar UV environments. Critically, the main photochemical sinks are absent on the nightside of tidally locked planets. To address this, we further perform experiments with a 3D GCM and a 2D photochemical model (VULCAN 2D (Tsai et al. 2024)) to simulate the global distribution of biogenic gases to investigate their terminator concentrations as seen via transmission spectroscopy. Our models indicate that biogenic sulfur gases can rise to potentially detectable levels on hydrogen-rich waterworlds, but only for enhanced global biosulfur flux ($\gtrsim$20 times modern Earth's flux). We find that it is challenging to identify DMS at 3.4 $\mu m$ where it strongly overlaps with CH$_4$, whereas it is more plausible to detect DMS and companion byproducts, ethylene (C$_2$H$_4$) and ethane (C$_2$H$_6$), in the mid-infrared between 9 and 13 $\mu m$.
Inhibition of vancomycin-induced nephrotoxicity by targeting superoxide dismutase to renal proximal tubule cells in the rat

Abstract Vancomycin, a glycopeptide antibiotic, has a broad spectrum against methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA). Because vancomycin induces renal dysfunction, the dose and the duration of its administration are limited. The mechanism of vancomycin-induced renal dysfunction is not known. We recently synthesized a hexamethylenediamine-conjugated cationic superoxide dismutase (AH-SOD) which rapidly accumulates in renal proximal tubule cells and inhibits oxidative injury of the kidney. The present work reports the protective effects of AH-SOD against vancomycin-induced renal dysfunction. Male Wistar rats (200-210 g) were intraperitoneally administered with either 200 or 400 mg/kg of vancomycin twice a day for 7 days. Either 5 mg/kg/day AH-SOD or saline was subcutaneously injected 5 min before every vancomycin injection. Biochemical analysis revealed that plasma levels of blood urea nitrogen and creatinine increased significantly in vancomycin-treated group by an AH-SOD-inhibitable mechanism. Histological examination revealed that vancomycin also elicited a marked destruction of glomeruli and necrosis of proximal tubule by an AH-SOD inhibitable mechanism. These results suggest that oxidative stress underlies the pathogenesis of vancomycin-induced nephrotoxicity and that targeting SOD and/or related antioxidants to renal proximal tubule cells might permit the administration of higher doses of vancomycin sufficient for eradication of MRSA without causing renal injury.
Game theory based bio-inspired techniques for self-positioning autonomous MANET nodes

In this paper, we introduce a new node spreading bio-inspired game (NSBG) combining bio-inspired algorithms and traditional game theory to maximize the area covered by autonomous mobile ad hoc network nodes and to achieve a uniform node distribution while keeping the network connected. NSBG is a distributed and scalable game where each node's selfish actions lead the entire network toward a uniform and stable node distribution without a centralized controller. In NSBG, each mobile node autonomously makes movement decisions based on localized data while the movement probabilities of possible next locations are assigned by a force-based genetic algorithm (FGA). Because FGA takes only into account the current position of the neighboring nodes, our NSBG, combining FGA with traditional and evolutionary game theory, can find even better locations by setting up spatial games among neighbors. NSBG is a good candidate for the node spreading class of applications used in both military and commercial applications. We present a formal analysis of our NSBG to prove that an evolutionary stable state is its convergence point. Simulation experiments demonstrate that NSBG performs well with respect to network area coverage, uniform distribution of mobile nodes, and convergence speed.
ECHO: Efficient Off-Chain Payments and Cross-Chain Swaps for Cryptocurrencies

In this paper, we present ECHO, a TEE-based layer-2 solution that tackles two crucial challenges in the realm of cryptocurrencies: off-chain payments and cross-chain swaps. It offers three notable features: - Channel-free off-chain payments: it allows a payer to make direct payments to anyone without requiring any on-chain relationship or intermediary channels. - Real-time yet decentralized cross-chain swaps: it is the first known solution that enables real-time cross-chain swaps without relying on a central server. This novel feature is made possible through a ground-breaking fair exchange protocol. - TEE crash-tolerance: it offers two solutions to handle TEE crashes, one of which involves an innovative application of time-lock puzzles in this context. We evaluate ECHO on a network consists of 1000 nodes and the evaluation results show that ECHO can achieve 7000 TPS
Labour movements and welfare states: a reconsideration of how trade unions influence social change

While it is commonly accepted that the organisation and mobilisation of labour movements has been critical to the development and nature of welfare states across the OECD, considerable uncertainty remains as to the specific mechan isms and means by which labour movements secure social wage benefits. Emphasis in the evaluation of labour politics can be placed on the role of left and labour party control over government, on the effect of union movement strength as measured by union density rates or on the influence of union confederal involvement in policy-making. These party mobilisation, union density and political unionism theses are tested using pooled time-series cross- sectional data drawn from 15 OECD countries. The results indicate that while union involvement in economic policy-making and union movement strength are conducive to higher levels of welfare expenditure, the presence of left parties per se has no apparent effect on welfare effort.
Temporary Work Agencies and Equilibrium Unemployment

During the 1990s, temporary agency work has increased rapidly in most OECD countries. We augment the equilibrium unemployment model developed by Pissarides and Mortensen with temporary work agencies. Our model implies that technological improvements for placements and de-regulation of the sector caused the emergence and growth of temporary agency work. Simulations of a calibrated version of the model show that `temp' work does not necessarily crowd out other, 'regular' jobs.
A game theoretic model for stochastic routing in self-organized MANETs

In this paper, we propose a game theoretic model for zero-sum stochastic routing game in presence of the intelligent attackers in mobile ad hoc networks (MANETs). In each and every stage of the game, the source node observes the available multiple paths, the residual bandwidth of the paths, quality of the paths, and the strategy of the attackers from the previous stage of the game. Based on this observation, the source node selects an optimal routing strategy by using minimax-Q learning for secure multihop data flow from source to destination through a attack free path among the multiple paths. The selected optimal routing strategy of multihop data flow maximizes the expected payoff defined as the bandwidth utilization. The proposed technique achieves significant performance gains in terms of bandwidth utilization in MANETs. It also provides a randomized security of multihop data flow by accommodating the stochastic multihop data flow, the system dynamics, and the strategic behaviors of the attackers.
Survey on Modeling of Articulated Objects

3D modeling of articulated objects is a research problem within computer vision, graphics, and robotics. Its objective is to understand the shape and motion of the articulated components, represent the geometry and mobility of object parts, and create realistic models that reflect articulated objects in the real world. This survey provides a comprehensive overview of the current state-of-the-art in 3D modeling of articulated objects, with a specific focus on the task of articulated part perception and articulated object creation (reconstruction and generation). We systematically review and discuss the relevant literature from two perspectives: geometry processing and articulation modeling. Through this survey, we highlight the substantial progress made in these areas, outline the ongoing challenges, and identify gaps for future research. Our survey aims to serve as a foundational reference for researchers and practitioners in computer vision and graphics, offering insights into the complexities of articulated object modeling.