Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Socio-political dynamics of alternative food networks: a hybrid governance approach

ABSTRACT Alternative food networks (AFNs) encounter governance challenges stemming from their own organizational growth pains and their search for cultivable land, but also from their confrontation with urban planning policy and state structures whose affinity with urban agriculture is on average quite low. The agro-food literature does not sufficiently account for the governance complexity of AFNs. As AFNs develop, different governance tensions arise both within their organization as well as in the institutionalization processes in which they are embedded. This theoretical paper makes use of a redefined concept of hybrid governance – different from that in neo-institutional economics (NIE) – to elucidate the governance dynamics of AFNs. Finding inspiration in three strands of theory belonging to the ‘institutional turn in social science’, it redefines hybrid governance as a dialectical nexus of four basic forms of governance (solidarity based, networked, hierarchical, market stirred) reproducing three types of governance tensions (organizational, resource oriented, institutional). Using hybrid governance as an analytical mirror, the paper examines to what extent the agro-food literature has addressed the complexity of AFNs’ governance and how its analysis can be improved.
Scholarly Document Information Extraction using Extensible Features for Efficient Higher Order Semi-CRFs

We address the tasks of recovering bibliographic and document structure metadata from scholarly documents. We leverage higher order semi-Markov conditional random fields to model long-distance label sequences, improving upon the performance of the linear-chain conditional random field model. We introduce the notion of extensible features, which allows the expensive inference process to be simplified through memoization, resulting in lower computational complexity. Our method significantly betters the state-of-the-art on three related scholarly document extraction tasks.
ProbMela and verification of Markov decision processes

Markov decision processes (MDP) can serve as operational model for probabilistic distributed systems and yield the basis for model checking algorithms against qualitative or quantitative properties. In this paper, we summarize the main steps of a quantitative analysis for a given MDP and formula of linear temporal logic, give an introduction to the modelling language ProbMela which provides a simple and intuitive way to describe complex systems with a MDP-semantics and present the basic features of the MDP model checker LiQuor.
Performance Analysis for Dual Band PCS Networks

In a dual band personal communications services (PCS) network, heavy traffic areas are covered by microcells which overlay macrocells. In such a network, microcells and macrocells utilize different frequency bands. We propose an analytic model to study the performance of a dual band PCS architecture. Our model assumes that a PCS subscriber has a general residence time distribution in a microcell and the macrocell residence time distribution is derived from the microcell residence time distribution. An iterative algorithm is used to compute the overflow traffic from a microcell to its overlaid macrocell. Then, the call incompletion probability is computed by a macrocell model based on the overflow traffic. Our study indicates that the variance of the microcell residence time distribution and the number of microcells covered by a macrocell have significant effects on the call incompletion probability.
ATP as a Putative Sensory Mediator: Activation of Intrinsic Sensory Neurons of the Myenteric Plexus via P2X Receptors

The mucosal terminals of sensory neurons intrinsic to the wall of the intestine are sensitive to the chemical environment within the lumen. Lumenal stimuli probably release sensory mediators from the mucosal epithelium, which then activate the nerve terminals indirectly. Here, we tested the idea that ATP activates intrinsic sensory nerve terminals in a way consistent with its being a sensory mediator. We made intracellular recordings from intrinsic sensory neurons located in the myenteric plexus [identified as AH neurons, which are neurons with a long-lasting afterhyperpolarization following the action potential (AP)], located within 1 mm of intact mucosa. Focal electrical stimulation of the mucosa was used to locate and map regions innervated by each neuron. Application of ATP (1–2 mm in the pressure pipette) to these regions elicited trains of APs that originated at the sensory terminals. ATP-γ-S produced a similar response, but α,β-methylene ATP and 2-methylthio-ATP were only weakly active. The P2 receptor antagonist pyridoxalphosphate-6-azophenyl-2′,5′-disulphonic acid (PPADS) (60 μm in the bath) abolished the APs evoked by ATP and ATP-γ-S but spared similar responses evoked by 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT). Another P2 receptor antagonist suramin (100 μm in the bath) did not significantly change the number of APs evoked by ATP. Either ATP or α,β-methylene ATP desensitized the ATP-evoked APs; 50% recovery occurred after ∼5 sec. The number of APs evoked by ATP was reduced, but not abolished, by the selective 5-HT3receptor antagonist granisetron (1 μm in the bath). ATP was applied to the cell bodies of sensory neurons to investigate whether the cell bodies express the same P2X receptor as the terminals. ATP evoked a fast depolarization associated with a reduction in input resistance and a reversal potential of −11 mV. This depolarization was potentiated by suramin and blocked by PPADS. We conclude that activation of an atypical excitatory P2X receptor by ATP triggers AP generation in the mucosal processes of the sensory neurons; endogenous 5-HT release may also contribute to activation of the nerve terminals. A similar P2X receptor exists on the cell body of the sensory neuron. Together, these data are consistent with a role for ATP as a sensory mediator in gastrointestinal chemosensory transduction.
SVM Based Status Recognition of Electrical Parameters in Fault Diagnose for ESPCP

Various fault types and difficult diagnosis restricted the improvement of economic benefit and system efficiency of Electrical submersible progressing cavity pump(ESPCP) production system. A novel method for status recognition of electrical parameters in fault diagnosis of ESPCP by using support vector machine (SVM) based on small samples of statistical learning theory is presented. Application results show the proposed SVM classifier produces significant accuracy for classification of ESPCP electrical parameters. Keywords--support vector machine; fault diagnose; ESPCP, electrical parameters
The Effects of Phosphatidylserine and Omega-3 Fatty Acid-Containing Supplement on Late Life Depression

Late life depression is often associated with a poor response to antidepressants; therefore an alternative strategy for therapy is required. Although several studies have reported that phosphatidylserine (PS) may be effective for late life depression and that omega-3 fatty acids DHA and EPA have also proven beneficial for many higher mental functions, including depression, no concrete conclusion has been reached. This study was performed to clarify the effect of PS and omega-3 fatty acid-containing supplement for late life depression by not only clinical evaluation but also salivary cortisol levels. Eighteen elderly subjects with major depression were selected for the study. In all, insufficient improvement had been obtained by antidepressant therapy for at least 6 months. The exclusion criteria from prior brain magnetic resonance images (MRI) included the presence of structural MRI findings compatible with stroke or other gross brain lesions or malformations, but not white matter hypersensitivities. They took a supplement containing PS 100 mg, DHA 119 mg and EPA 70 mg three times a day for 12 weeks. The effects of the supplement were assessed using the 17-item Hamilton depression scale (HAM-D17) and the basal levels and circadian rhythm of salivary cortisol. The study adopted them as indices because: salivary cortisol levels are high in patients with depression, their circadian rhythm related to salivary cortisol is often irregular, and these symptoms are alleviated as depression improves. The mean HAM-D17 in all subjects taking the supplement was significantly improved after 12 weeks of taking the supplement. These subjects were divided into 10 non-responders and 8 responders. The basal levels and circadian rhythm of salivary cortisol were normalized in the responders while not in non-responders. PS and omega-3 fatty acids, or other elements of the supplement, may be effective for late life depression, associated with the correction of basal levels and circadian rhythm of salivary cortisol.
Economic analysis of pharmacist-administered influenza vaccines in Ontario, Canada

Objective The aim of this study was to evaluate the impact of pharmacist administration of influenza vaccine in Ontario on: 1) vaccination-associated costs related to the number of people vaccinated; 2) annual influenza-related outcomes and costs; and 3) change in productivity costs. Methods Using available data for Ontario, the total number of vaccinations given by providers in the 2011/12 influenza season (pre) was compared to the 2013/14 influenza season (post). Vaccine costs and provider fees for administration were assigned for both periods. An economic model was created to estimate the impact of the change in influenza vaccination volume on influenza-related outcomes and on the health care costs associated with treating influenza-related outcomes. Productivity costs due to both time off work due to getting vaccinated and influenza illness were considered. One-way sensitivity analysis was used to assess parameter uncertainty. Results The number of vaccinations received by Ontarians increased by 448,000 (3% of the population), with pharmacists vaccinating approximately 765,000 people/year. The increased cost to the Ontario Ministry of Health and Long-term Care was $6.3 million, while the money saved due to reduced influenza-related outcome costs was $763,158. Productivity losses were reduced by $4.5 million and $3.4 million for the time invested to get vaccinated and time off work due to influenza illness, respectively. Conclusion After two influenza seasons, following the introduction of pharmacist-administered influenza vaccinations, there was a net immunization increase of almost 450,000, which potentially saved $2.3 million in direct health care costs and lost productivity in the province.
Trends in the prescribing of psychotropic medications to preschoolers.

CONTEXT Recent reports on the use of psychotropic medications for preschool-aged children with behavioral and emotional disorders warrant further examination of trends in the type and extent of drug therapy and sociodemographic correlates. OBJECTIVES To determine the prevalence of psychotropic medication use in preschool-aged youths and to show utilization trends across a 5-year span. DESIGN Ambulatory care prescription records from 2 state Medicaid programs and a salaried group-model health maintenance organization (HMO) were used to perform a population-based analysis of three 1-year cross-sectional data sets (for the years 1991, 1993, and 1995). SETTING AND PARTICIPANTS From 1991 to 1995, the number of enrollees aged 2 through 4 years in a Midwestern state Medicaid (MWM) program ranged from 146,369 to 158,060; in a mid-Atlantic state Medicaid (MAM) program, from 34,842 to 54,237; and in an HMO setting in the Northwest, from 19,107 to 19,322. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Total, age-specific, and gender-specific utilization prevalences per 1000 enrollees for 3 major psychotropic drug classes (stimulants, antidepressants, and neuroleptics) and 2 leading psychotherapeutic medications (methylphenidate and clonidine); rates of increased use of these drugs from 1991 to 1995, compared across the 3 sites. RESULTS The 1995 rank order of total prevalence in preschoolers (per 1000) in the MWM program was: stimulants (12.3), 90% of which represents methylphenidate (11.1); antidepressants (3.2); clonidine (2.3); and neuroleptics (0.9). A similar rank order was observed for the MAM program, while the HMO had nearly 3 times more clonidine than antidepressant use (1.9 vs 0.7). Sizable increases in prevalence were noted between 1991 and 1995 across the 3 sites for clonidine, stimulants, and antidepressants, while neuroleptic use increased only slightly. Methylphenidate prevalence in 2- through 4-year-olds increased at each site: MWM, 3-fold; MAM, 1.7-fold; and HMO, 3.1-fold. Decreases occurred in the relative proportions of previously dominant psychotherapeutic agents in the stimulant and antidepressant classes, while increases occurred for newer, less established agents. CONCLUSIONS In all 3 data sources, psychotropic medications prescribed for preschoolers increased dramatically between 1991 and 1995. The predominance of medications with off-label (unlabeled) indications calls for prospective community-based, multidimensional outcome studies.
What Makes a Brand Look Expensive?

Branding is a powerful tool that companies use to control the perception of their products' quality and price. A company's website is a digital vehicle for conveying this brand information. The look and feel of a website often influence a customer's impression of a brand's price category. To understand what makes a brand look expensive, we evaluate the website designs of two industries -- watches and cars. We ran a crowdsourced study to collect ratings of perceived cost based on web page screenshots. By training a random forest regression model over these ratings, we learned which visual features of website design are predictive of perceived cost.
How different kinds of sound in videos can influence gaze

This paper presents an analysis of the effect of thirteen different kinds of sound on visual gaze when looking freely at videos to help to predict eye positions. First, an audio-visual experiment was designed with two groups of participants, with audio-visual (AV) and visual (V) conditions, to test the sound effect. Then, an audio experiment was designed to validate the classification of sound we proposed. We observed that the sound effect is different depending on the kind of sound, and that the classes with human voice (speech, singer, human noise and singers) have the greatest effect. Finally, a comparison of eye positions with a visual saliency model was carried out, which proves that adding sound to video decreases the accuracy of prediction of the visual saliency model.
Adolescents’ Value of Children and Their Intentions to Have Children: A Cross-Cultural and Multilevel Analysis

This study contributes to research regarding the value of children (VOC) by comparing adolescents’ VOC and their intentions to have children across 12 cultures and by exploring the relations between these constructs at the individual and cultural levels using multilevel modeling. A total of 3,348 adolescents from 12 cultures participated in this study. On average, adolescents reported that they intended to have about two children and also reported emotional VOC as being highly important. Adolescents from cultures with a low as compared to a high level of economic development reported a higher importance of the utilitarian-normative VOC. Results of the multilevel analyses showed that the reported emotional VOC was positively related to the number of children adolescents intended to have at the individual level, whereas the utilitarian-normative VOC was not related to adolescents’ intention to have children. At the cultural level, the VOC dimensions were only partly related to adolescents’ intention to have children. The results are discussed with regard to adolescents’ future family orientation and in relation to the VOC approach.
Signal-BNF: A Bayesian Network Fusing Approach to Predict Signal Peptides

A signal peptide is a short peptide chain that directs the transport of a protein and has become the crucial vehicle in finding new drugs or reprogramming cells for gene therapy. As the avalanche of new protein sequences generated in the postgenomic era, the challenge of identifying new signal sequences has become even more urgent and critical in biomedical engineering. In this paper, we propose a novel predictor called Signal-BNF to predict the N-terminal signal peptide as well as its cleavage site based on Bayesian reasoning network. Signal-BNF is formed by fusing the results of different Bayesian classifiers which used different feature datasets as its input through weighted voting system. Experiment results show that Signal-BNF is superior to the popular online predictors such as Signal-3L and PrediSi. Signal-BNF is featured by high prediction accuracy that may serve as a useful tool for further investigating many unclear details regarding the molecular mechanism of the zip code protein-sorting system in cells.
A Study on the Effects of Switch Intention on Customer Attribution: the Case of the Galaxy, Xiaomi and Brand Type

Huifeng Pan, Hee-Young Son, Sang-Kyu Park and Man-Su Kang Beijing Institute of Graphic Communication; Post-Doctoral Research Station in Business Administration of TsingHua University, Beijing, China Team of Research & Development, Korea Institute of Startup & Entrepreneurship Development, Daejeon 302-120, Korea Department of Business Administration, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon-si 200-701, Korea Team of Business Planning, Seoul of Credit Guarantee Foundations, Seoul 04130, Korea (Corresponding Author) 1 282123934@qq.com, 2 sonhy@kised.or. kr, skpark@kangwon.ac. kr, 4* jazz@kangwon.ac. kr
Mutant p53 proteins bind DNA in a DNA structure-selective mode

Despite the loss of sequence-specific DNA binding, mutant p53 (mutp53) proteins can induce or repress transcription of mutp53-specific target genes. To date, the molecular basis for transcriptional modulation by mutp53 is not understood, but increasing evidence points to the possibility that specific interactions of mutp53 with DNA play an important role. So far, the lack of a common denominator for mutp53 DNA binding, i.e. the existence of common sequence elements, has hampered further characterization of mutp53 DNA binding. Emanating from our previous discovery that DNA structure is an important determinant of wild-type p53 (wtp53) DNA binding, we analyzed the binding of various mutp53 proteins to oligonucleotides mimicking non-B DNA structures. Using various DNA-binding assays we show that mutp53 proteins bind selectively and with high affinity to non-B DNA. In contrast to sequence-specific and DNA structure-dependent binding of wtp53, mutp53 DNA binding to non-B DNA is solely dependent on the stereo-specific configuration of the DNA, and not on DNA sequence. We propose that DNA structure-selective binding of mutp53 proteins is the basis for the well-documented interaction of mutp53 with MAR elements and for transcriptional activities mediates by mutp53.
The perception of business students at PUCMM of the use of collaborative learning using the BSCW as a tool

The evaluation of classroom experiences that promote collaborative and active learning is very important in computer supported collaborative learning, CSCL. The purpose of this paper is to assess the perception of students of the use of collaborative learning tools. We combine the use of qualitative and quantitative methods and data in an educational setting that have both physical and computer-supported collaboration in a business class environment. In this paper we did an evaluation in three business courses on corporate strategy that took place throughout three academic terms. The study used a questionnaire with both open and closed questions and the statistics that were supplied by BSCW basic support for cooperative work platform. The results from our analysis allow us to reflect and draw conclusions on the changes of attitudes towards collaboration and learning in a mixed use setting of both physical and on line environments and the need for further studies of this experience.
Fast Power-Up Active Link Protection in Autonomous Distributed Transmitter Power Control

In this work, we propose an enhancement to the DPC/ALP (distributed power control with active link protection) algorithm that allows fast power ramp-up without compromising the ALP guarantee. The original DPC algorithm was first augmented with ALP to provide absolute performance guarantees. The basis of active link protection lies on constraining the rate of the new links' transmission power increase during the admission process, inducing a trade-off between the duration of the admission process and the network capacity reserved for absorbing the SINR fluctuations. Thus, to minimize the capacity loss, power-up should be slow, prolonging admission delay. In the new scheme, the power-up is accelerated when congestion is low, via test transmissions. Specifically, pairs of mini slots are interleaved between payload-carrying slots. In the first mini- slot, a link has the opportunity to carry out a test transmission in the wireless channel at an arbitrarily high power level, greater than what DPC/ALP allows. The purpose of this test transmission is to communicate the desired transmission power to the other links in the network neighborhood. The latter respond in the second mini-slot, indicating their distress if the first mini-slot transmissions generated excessive interference to their receivers. The absence of transmission at the second mini-slot signifies that no link has opposed, thus the link is free to use the first mini-slot's high power level in their subsequent slots, realizing the fast power ramp up. In contrast, if a transmission is sensed in the second mini-slot (emanating from one or more links in distress - typical under network congestion, when links are closely packed), the power ramp up will revert to the standard increase of DPC/ALP.
Electromagnetic Theory of SERS

microfilm or in any other way, and storage in data banks. Duplication of this publication or parts thereof is permitted only under the provisions of the German Copyright Law of September 9, 1965, in its current version, and permission for use must always be obtained from Springer. Violations are liable for prosecution under the German Copyright Law. The use of general descriptive names, registered names, trademarks, etc. in this publication does not imply, even in the absence of a specific statement, that such names are exempt from the relevant protective laws and regulations and therefore free for general use.
Review: Structure and mechanism of the dynein motor ATPase

Dyneins are multiprotein complexes that move cargo along microtubules in the minus end direction. The largest individual component of the dynein complex is the heavy chain. Its C‐terminal 3500 amino‐acid residues form the motor domain, which hydrolyses ATP in its ring of AAA+ (ATPases associated with diverse cellular activities) domains to generate the force for movement. The production of force is synchronized with cycles of microtubule binding and release, another important prerequisite for efficient motility along the microtubule. Although the large scale conformational changes that lead to force production and microtubule affinity regulation are well established, it has been largely enigmatic how ATP‐hydrolysis in the AAA+ ring causes these rearrangements. The past five years have seen a surge of high resolution information on the dynein motor domain that finally allowed unprecedented insights into this important open question. This review, part of the “ATP and GTP hydrolysis in Biology” special issue, will summarize our current understanding of the dynein motor mechanism with a special emphasis on the recently obtained crystal and EM structures. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Biopolymers 105: 557–567, 2016.