Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
A Research Agenda for Digital Libraries Summary Report of the Series of Joint NSF-EU Working Groups on Future Directions for Digital Libraries Research

Executive Summary Digital libraries represent a new infrastructure and environment that has been created by the marriage of computing, communications, and content, on a global scale. This supports individuals or organisations in a broad range of distributed knowledge based activities from electronic commerce to scientific collaboration. It is essential that this new type of functionality is developed in order to allow us to solve complex global challenges in areas such as business, environment, health, cultural heritage, and other important issues. A collaborative effort among leading researchers from the US and Europe has been exploring the possibilities of a joint international research agenda in this field. Five working groups have been formed where each has explored a key research topic. The working groups were assigned two co-leaders, one from Europe and one from the US and the groups have each met twice to identify the most important research directions and funding priorities. Full and detailed reports as well as coherent summaries of these research directions and recommendations have been prepared. These summaries are included in, and represent the main part of, this report which will be presented to US and EU funding agencies on October 12, 1998 in Brussels. The recommendations by the five working groups contain a number of common threads. • The first collective theme to emerge is increasing substantially the level of collaboration both across disciplines as well as across geographical boundaries. This is a reflection of the intrinsic nature of digital libraries which are multidisciplinary and geographically unbounded. The summaries of the working groups list a variety of arguments for this important recommendation. • A second general direction is the development of new models and theories in order to understand the complex interactions between the various components in a globally distributed digital library. This includes developing an understanding of the overall work tasks users face that bring them to use digital libraries. It is essential to understand all these interactions in a wider future context where components will interact which have not been combined in any way in the past. • A third recommendation is to explore the development of new information objects and information genres, in particular digital-only objects having a highly dynamic nature which cannot be handled by traditional approaches. • The fourth recommendation is to explore new functions to optimise the handling of both new and traditional information objects, in particular functions supporting new …
A Novel Methodology for Thermal Aware Silicon Area Estimation for 2D & 3D MPSoCs

In a multiprocessor system on chip (MPSoC) IC the processor is one of the highest heat dissipating devices. The temperature generated in an IC may vary with floor plan of the chip. This paper proposes an integration and thermal analysis methodology to extract the peak temperature and temperature distribution of 2-dimensional and 3-dimensional multiprocessor system-on-chip. As we know the peak temperature of chip increases in 3-dimensional structures compared to 2-dimensional ones due to the reduced space in intra-layer and inter-layer components. In sub-nanometre scale technologies, it is inevitable to analysis the heat developed in individual chip to extract the temperature distribution of the entire chip. With the technology scaling in new generation ICs more and more components are integrated to a smaller area. Along with the other parameters threshold voltage is also scaled down which results in exponential increase in leakage current. This has resulted in rise in hotspot temperature value due to increase in leakage power. In this paper, we have analysed the temperature developed in an IC with four identical processors at 2.4 GHz in different floorplans. The analysis has been done for both 2D and 3D arrangements. In the 3D arrangement, a three layered structure has been considered with two Silicon layers and a thermal interface material (TIM) in between them. Based on experimental results the paper proposes a methodology to reduce the peak temperature developed in 2D and 3D integrated circuits .
Sequential sampling models in computational psychiatry: Bayesian parameter estimation, model selection and classification

Current psychiatric research is in crisis. In this review I will describe the causes of this crisis and highlight recent efforts to overcome current challenges. One particularly promising approach is the emerging field of computational psychiatry. By using methods and insights from computational cognitive neuroscience, computational psychiatry might enable us to move from a symptom-based description of mental illness to descriptors based on objective computational multidimensional functional variables. To exemplify this I will survey recent efforts towards this goal. I will then describe a set of methods that together form a toolbox of cognitive models to aid this research program. At the core of this toolbox are sequential sampling models which have been used to explain diverse cognitive neuroscience phenomena but have so far seen little adoption in psychiatric research. I will then describe how these models can be fitted to subject data and highlight how hierarchical Bayesian estimation provides a rich framework with many desirable properties and benefits compared to traditional optimization-based approaches. Finally, non-parametric Bayesian methods provide general solutions to the problem of classifying mental illness within this framework.
Application of fast-light in gravitational wave detection with interferometers and resonators

In this paper, we study several designs for interferometric gravitational wave detectors, and the potential for enhancing their performance with a fast-light medium. First, we explore the effect of such a medium on designs similar to those already planned for Advanced LIGO. Then we review the zero-area Sagnac interferometer for GW detection, comparing its properties against the more conventional GW detector based on a Michelson interferometer. We next describe a modified version of such a detector where the Sagnac interferometer is replaced by a zero-area Sagnac ring resonator fed by an external laser. We then consider a GW detector based on an active, zero-area Sagnac ring resonator, where a gain medium is present inside the cavity. Finally, we show that if a medium with negative dispersion, which yields the fast-light effect, is also present inside this detector, then its sensitivity to GW strain is enhanced by the inverse of the group index of the dispersive medium. We describe conditions under which this enhancement factor could be as large as 105.
MMPI: A Scalable Fault Tolerance Mechanism for MPI Large Scale Parallel Computing

At present, Checkpoint/Restart is one of the most popular fault tolerance mechanisms for large scale parallel computing. However, the time to save a global checkpoint reaches and even exceeds the mean-time-between-failures (MTBF) of the component when the performance of the system is between Peta(10^{15}) and Exa(10^{18}) flops, which limits the scalability of the parallel computing. In this paper, a scalable fault tolerance mechanism is designed for MPI-oriented large scale parallel computing, which not only can deal with the fail-stop faults concerned by Checkpoint/Restart, but also can deal with most data errors that are not perceived by hardware. Firstly, we define the concept of redundant-process cluster (RPC), design running techniques that support MMPI, and study the implementation of MMPI. Secondly, we present the models of fault tolerance parallel speedup, Lastly, we verify the validity and scalability of MMPI fault tolerance mechanism.
Blind Frequency Deconvolution : A New Approach Using Mutual Information Rate

In this paper, we purpose a blind frequency deconvolution method using higher order statistics by minimizing the mutual information rate of the deconvolved output. We add to the criterion a regularization term to limit noise amplification. Then, we compare on real data (underwater explosions and seismovolcanic phenomena) our deconvolution algorithm with existing methods.
The Functional Consequences of Biodiversity

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Toward Obstacle Avoidance on Quadrotors

3 EPFL - CH 1015 - Lausanne, Switzerland Abstract: OS4 (Omnidirectional Stationary Flying OUtstretched Robot) is an electrically powered four-rotor miniature helicopter developed towards fully autonomous operation in indoor/outdoor environments. The major goal of this research is the development and implementation of an active control system for a quadrotor helicopter. However, one has to consider seriously the design aspect in order to get rid of the hardware limitations and achieve control simplification. Controlling a VTOL (Vertical Taking-Off and Landing) flying robot is basically dealing with highly unstable dynamics and strong axes coupling. In addition to this, any additional on-board sensor increases the robot total weight and therefore decreases its operation time. It is necessary to find a balance between on-board electronics and robot operation time. This paper focuses the development and implementation of an obstacle avoidance controller for this miniature flying robot using four ultra-sound (US) sensors for detecting obstacles and one US sensor for controlling its altitude. In order to facilitate the controller implementation, we developed a simulation tool in Matlab/Simulink using an accurate dynamic model of OS4. This tool allowed us to simulate and improve the OS4 controllers in different modeled environments and applying different approaches. The controller real implementation was carried out for hovering state and the results were encouraging.
Work Characteristics and Personal Social Support as Determinants of Subjective Well-Being

Background Well-being is an important health outcome and a potential national indicator of policy success. There is a need for longitudinal epidemiological surveys to understand determinants of well-being. This study examines the role of personal social support and psychosocial work environment as predictors of well-being in an occupational cohort study. Methods Social support and work characteristics were measured by questionnaire in 5182 United Kingdom civil servants from phase 1 of the Whitehall II study and were used to predict subjective well-being assessed using the Affect Balance Scale (range -15 to 15, SD = 4.2) at phase 2. External assessments of job control and demands were provided by personnel managers. Results Higher levels of well-being were predicted by high levels of confiding/emotional support (difference in mean from the reference group with low levels of confiding/emotional support = 0.63, 95%CI 0.38–0.89, ptrend<0.001), high control at work (0.57, 95%CI 0.31–0.83, ptrend<0.001; reference low control) and low levels of job strain (0.60, 95%CI 0.31–0.88; reference high job strain), after adjusting for a range of confounding factors and affect balance score at baseline. Higher externally assessed work pace was also associated with greater well-being. Conclusions Our results suggest that the psychosocial work environment and personal relationships have independent effects on subjective well-being. Policies designed to increase national well-being should take account of the quality of working conditions and factors that facilitate positive personal relationships. Policies designed to improve workplaces should focus not only on minimising negative aspects of work but also on increasing the positive aspects of work.
A history of the PCP Theorem

(This is a brief illustrated take on the history of the PCP Theorem, as inferred by the author, Ryan O’Donnell. My main sources were Babai’s article Email and the unexpected power of interaction, Goldreich’s article A taxonomy of proof systems, and the original sources. Likely there are several inaccuracies and omissions, and I apologize for these and ask for corrections in advance. Since this note was prepared for a class at the University of Washington, a few details relating to UW have also been emphasized.)
A Characterization of the Chomsky Hierarchy by String Turing Machines

A string Turing machine is a variant of a Turing machine designed for easy manipulation of strings. In contrast to the standard Turing machine, a string Turing machine can insert and delete squares on the tape. It is easy to see that the models of standard and string Turing machines are equivalent in computing power. However, in case of the string Turing machine, imposing certain restrictions on the allowed actions of the machine exactly yields recognizers for the type-i language classes of the Chomsky hierarchy.
Outlier analysis of categorical data using FuzzyAVF

Outlier mining is an important task to discover the data records which have an exceptional behavior comparing with other records in the remaining dataset. Outliers do not follow with other data objects in the dataset. There are many effective approaches to detect outliers in numerical data. But for categorical dataset there are limited approaches. We propose an algorithm FuzzyAVF to detect outliers in categorical data. This algorithm utilizes the frequent pattern data mining method. It avoids problem of giving k-outliers to get optimal accuracy in any classification models in previous work like Greedy, AVF, FPOF, and FDOD while finding outliers. The algorithm is applied on UCI ML Repository datasets like Nursery, Breast cancer mushroom and bank dataset by excluding numerical attributes. The experimental results show that it is efficient for outlier detection in categorical dataset.
Nonlinear granger causality for brain connectivity

The communication among neuronal populations, reflected by transient synchronous activity, is the mechanism underlying the information processing in the brain. Although it is widely assumed that the interactions among those populations (i.e. functional connectivity) are highly nonlinear, the amount of nonlinear information transmission and its functional roles are not clear. Granger causality constitutes a major tool to reveal effective connectivity, and it is widely used to analyze EEG/MEG data as well as fMRI signals in its linear version. In order to capture nonlinear interactions between even short and noisy time series, a kernel version of Granger causality has been recently proposed. We review kernel Granger causality and show the application of this approach on EEG signals.
The Impact of the Global Recession in Europe - The Role of International Trade

We assess empirically the marginal impact of export orientation for the severity of the growth downturn in 2009 while controlling for a host of country characteristics such as structural features, macroeconomic imbalances, previous growth record, and the like. We employ an iterative robust regression technique using a sample of 38 mostly European countries to quantify the direct contribution of trade to the crisis response with a special focus on Eastern European economies. We find that greater export orientation is related to a stronger growth downturn in our sample. This effect is only revealed when we allow for an interaction term between export orientation and domestic GDP structure. Moreover, we find strong evidence that the domestic structure of value added (in particular a high share of industry in GDP) has compounded a country’s vulnerability during the recent crisis. We further find support for the effects of overheating: previous high growth rates are systematically linked to a stronger growth downturn in all specifications. Finally, a negative influence from previously high debt ratios on the output response during the crisis is confirmed. JEL-codes: F14, F15, O52
Single pemetrexed is noninferior to platinum-based pemetrexed doublet as first-line treatment on elderly Chinese patients with advanced nonsquamous nonsmall cell lung cancer

Background: To evaluate the clinical efficacy and toxicity of single pemetrexed treatment compared with platinum-based pemetrexed doublet pemetrexed-based as first-line treatment for advanced nonsquamous nonsmall cell lung cancer (NS-NSCLC) in elderly Chinese patients. Methods: The study retrospectively reviewed 175 elderly Chinese patients with NS-NSCLC from June 2010 to September 2013: 90 patients received single pemetrexed treatment, 45 received pemetrexed plus oxaliplatin, and 40 received pemetrexed plus carboplatin. Clinical efficacy was assessed using disease control rate (DCR), overall survival (OS), and progression-free survival (PFS). Results: DCR, OS, and PFS did not significantly differ between single pemetrexed treatment (OS: 14.9 months; DCR: 62.2%; PFS: 3.3 months), pemetrexed plus oxaliplatin (OS: 16.5 months; DCR: 71.1%; PFS: 4.5 months), and pemetrexed plus carboplatin (OS: 15.5 months; DCR: 70.0%; PFS: 4.6 months) groups. Pemetrexed treatment caused significantly lower incidences of adverse events, such as hepatotoxicity and peripheral nerve injury. Performance status (PS), TNM stage, and Thymidylate synthase (TS) expression were predictive factors of DCR. Pemetrexed chemotherapy cycles, PS, and TNM stage were independent prognostic factors. Conclusions: Single pemetrexed was noninferior to platinum-based pemetrexed doublet for clinical efficacy and safety in elderly Chinese patients with advanced NS-NSCLC. Chemotherapy cycles, performance status, and TNM stage were independent prognostic factors.
Connectionist rule processing using recursive auto-associative memory

A limitation of many rule-based connectionist models is their dependence on structure to explicitly represent rules, and their consequent inflexibility in acquiring and applying novel rules. A model is described in which recursive auto-associative memory (RAAM) is used as an encoding mechanism to prepare rules of variable structure and content for input to a connectionist rule applicator. The encoded rules are applied ‘holistically’ to perform simple operations upon binary strings.
Power allocation in multiantenna communication with statistical channel information at the transmitter

We characterize the power allocation that maximizes the rate per unit bandwidth supported with arbitrary reliability over single-user multiantenna channels known instantaneously by the receiver and in distribution by the transmitter. The characterization is valid for arbitrary channels and numbers of antennas. Although, in general, it leads to a fixed-point solution, at low and high signal-to-noise it provides explicit allocations. For arbitrary signal-to-noise ratios, we present an iterative algorithm that exhibits remarkable properties: robustness, rapid convergence and universal applicability. Further, when applied to the proper set of signalling eigenvectors, the algorithm converges to the power allocation that attains capacity.
Interactive visualization with user perspective: a new concept

With an astonishing amount of data generated for processing on a daily basic, it is essential to provide an effective methodology for understanding, reasoning and supporting decision making of large information spaces. This paper presents a new concept that provides an intelligent and interactive visualization in supporting large scale analysis. This aims to provide a much greater flexibility and control for the users to interactively customize the visualizations according to their preferences. A simple prototype is also presented to demonstrate the concept on hierarchical structures.
Discovery of Superthermal Hydroxyl (OH) in the HH 211 Outflow

We present a 5-37 μm infrared spectrum obtained with the Spitzer Space Telescope toward the southeastern lobe of the young protostellar outflow HH 211. The spectrum shows an extraordinary sequence of OH emission lines arising in highly excited rotational levels up to an energy E/k ≈ 28,200 K above the ground level. This is, to our knowledge, by far the highest rotational excitation of OH observed in the interstellar medium. The spectrum also contains several pure rotational transitions of H2O (v = 0), H2 (v = 0) S(0)-S(7), HD (v = 0) R(3)-R(6), and atomic fine-structure lines of [Fe II], [Si II], [Ne II], [S I], and [Cl I]. The origin of the highly excited OH emission is most likely the photodissociation of H2O by the UV radiation generated in the terminal outflow shock of HH 211.
Single-model method for specifying multi-agent systems

Multiple modeling methods for constructing agent-based systems have been suggested, however none of them has been accepted as a standard. A prominent reason for this is the gap that exists between agent-oriented methods and the modeling needs of agent-based systems. This gap is, in large part, due to lack of an agreed-upon set of building blocks for modeling Multi-Agent Systems (MAS) and standalone agents, and lack of support for essential software engineering properties. To bridge the gap, we suggest a set of building blocks and an agent-based modeling method. The building blocks should be useful as a basis for developing modeling methods for MAS, and as a benchmark for comparison between such methods. Our proposed modeling method, which is based on the building blocks, is novel in its ability to capture the different aspects of MAS in a single unifying framework. It further excels in providing accessibility, expressiveness and flexibility, which are major lacking software engineering properties in other methods. We demonstrate the usage of the method for modeling MAS, optionally, in conjunction with an existing MAS infrastructure. Thus, our method enhances both the utilization of existing infrastructure and the development of agent-oriented models.
Polarization light curves and position angle variation of beamed gamma-ray bursts

The recently detected linear polarization in the optical lightcurve of GRB 990510 renewed the interest on how polarization can be produced in gamma-ray burst fireballs. Here we present a model based on the assumption that we are seeing a collimated fireball, observed slightly off-axis. This introduces some degree of anisotropy, and makes it possible to observe a linearly polarized flux even if the magnetic field is completely tangled in the plane orthogonal to the line of sight. We construct the lightcurve of the polarization flux, showing that it is always characterized by two maxima, with the polarization position angle changing by 90 deg. between the first and the second maximum. The very same geometry here assumed implies that the total flux initially decays in time as a power law, but gradually steepens as the bulk Lorentz factor of the fireball decreases.
MRI-guided prostate biopsy using surgical navigation software : device validation and preliminary experience

Magnetic Resonance (MR) Image-guided prostate biopsy in a 0.5-T open scanner is described, validated in phantom studies, and employed in two patients. The needles are guided by fast gradient recall and T2-weighted fast spin echo images. Surgical navigation software provided T2-weighted images that were critical in targeting the peripheral zone and the tumor. MR imaging can be used to guide prostate biopsy.