Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Long-lasting potentiation and epileptiform activity produced by GABAB receptor activation in the dentate gyrus of rat hippocampal slice

Bath application of the GABAB receptor agonist baclofen produced a concentration-dependent long-lasting potentiation (LLP) of the evoked population spike in the dentate gyrus of rat hippocampal slices. A high concentration of baclofen (5 microM) also produced a loss of inhibition that was manifested as the appearance of epileptiform, multiple evoked population spikes and a decrease in paired-pulse inhibition. Both baclofen-induced potentiation and epileptiform activity could be blocked or significantly reduced in slices from pertussis toxin-treated animals (1 microgram, intradentate) or in slices pretreated with the NMDA receptor antagonist D-(-)-2-amino-5-phosphonovaleric acid (10 microM). At a concentration that had no significant effect on individual evoked responses (0.1 microM) but still produced a loss in paired-pulse inhibition, baclofen facilitated the induction of beta- adrenergic receptor-mediated LLP. LLP was induced in the dentate gyrus by bath application of 1 microM, but not 0.1 microM, isoproterenol. Coapplication of baclofen and isoproterenol, both at a concentration (0.1 microM) that individually had no effect on the population spike, produced a synergistic LLP of the population spike. We propose that baclofen produces a selective disinhibitory effect in the granule cell layer of the dentate gyrus by inhibiting the activity of GABAergic interneurons. At a low concentration, the subtle loss of inhibition can facilitate the induction of isoproterenol-induced LLP. At a high concentration, baclofen can produce an LLP that is probably induced by a loss of inhibition.
Smart AQM ( SA ) : Pro-Active and Fair Queue Management for Internet Congestion Control

Active queue management (AQM) is a group of FIFO based queue management mechanisms in a router to support end-to-end congestion control in the Internet. Until random early detection (RED) was proposed by the internet engineering task force (IETF) for deploying[1], FIFO based tail drop (TD) was the only AQM mechanism used in the network. Two main functions are used in AQM: one is the congestion indicator (i.e., how to detect congestion) and the other is the congestion control function (i.e., how to avoid and control congestion). TD mechanism uses the instantaneous queue length as a congestion indicator, and drops packets when the buffer becomes full. However, it has been shown that TD has two well-known drawbacks, the lock-out and full queue phenomena [1], even though it is simple and easy to implement.
Passively Mobile Communicating Logarithmic Space Machines

We propose a new theoretical model for passively mobile Wireless Sensor Networks. We call it the PALOMA model, standing for PAssively mobile LOgarithmic space MAchines. The main modification w.r. t. the Population Protocol model is that agents now, instead of being automata, are Turing Machines whose memory is logarithmic in the population size n. Note that the new model is still easily implementable with current technology. We focus on complete communication graphs. We define the complexity class PLM, consisting of all symmetric predicates on input assignments that are stably computable by the PALOMA model. We assume that the agents are initially identical. Surprisingly, it turns out that the PALOMA model can assign unique consecutive ids to the agents and inform them of the population size! This allows us to give a direct simulation of a Deterministic Turing Machine of O(nlogn) space, thus, establishing that any symmetric predicate in SPACE(nlogn) also belongs to PLM. We next prove that the PALOMA model can simulate the Community Protocol model, thus, improving the previous lower bound to all symmetric predicates in NSPACE(nlogn). Going one step further, we generalize the simulation of the deterministic TM to prove that the PALOMA model can simulate a Nondeterministic TM of O(nlogn) space. Although providing the same lower bound, the important remark here is that the bound is now obtained in a direct manner, in the sense that it does not depend on the simulation of a TM by a Pointer Machine. Finally, by showing that a Nondeterministic TM of O(nlogn) space decides any language stably computable by the PALOMA model, we end up with an exact characterization for PLM: it is precisely the class of all symmetric predicates in NSPACE(nlogn).
Construction and comparison of gene co-expression networks shows complex plant immune responses

Gene co-expression networks (GCNs) are graphic representations that depict the coordinated transcription of genes in response to certain stimuli. GCNs provide functional annotations of genes whose function is unknown and are further used in studies of translational functional genomics among species. In this work, a methodology for the reconstruction and comparison of GCNs is presented. This approach was applied using gene expression data that were obtained from immunity experiments in Arabidopsis thaliana, rice, soybean, tomato and cassava. After the evaluation of diverse similarity metrics for the GCN reconstruction, we recommended the mutual information coefficient measurement and a clustering coefficient-based method for similarity threshold selection. To compare GCNs, we proposed a multivariate approach based on the Principal Component Analysis (PCA). Branches of plant immunity that were exemplified by each experiment were analyzed in conjunction with the PCA results, suggesting both the robustness and the dynamic nature of the cellular responses. The dynamic of molecular plant responses produced networks with different characteristics that are differentiable using our methodology. The comparison of GCNs from plant pathosystems, showed that in response to similar pathogens plants could activate conserved signaling pathways. The results confirmed that the closeness of GCNs projected on the principal component space is an indicative of similarity among GCNs. This also can be used to understand global patterns of events triggered during plant immune responses.
Constrained Quadratic Minimizations for Signal Processing and Communications

Constrained minimization problems considered here arise in the design of multi-dimensional subspace beamformers for radar, sonar, seismology, and wireless communications, and in the design of precoders and equalizers for digital communications. The problem is to minimize a quadratic form, under a set of linear or quadratic constraints. We derive the solutions to these problems and establish connections between them. We show that the quadratically-constrained problem can be solved by solving a set of linearly-constrained problems and then using a majorization argument and Poincare's separation theorem to determine which linearly-constrained problem solves the quadratically-constrained one. In addition, we present illuminating circuit diagrams for our solutions, called generalized sidelobe canceller (GSC) diagrams, which allow us to tie our constrained minimizations to linear minimum mean-squared error (LMMSE) estimations.
Fault Tolerance in Hadoop for Work Migration

2. Introduction Hadoop [1] is an open-source software framework implemented using Java and is designed to be used on large distributed systems. Hadoop is a project of the Apache Software Foundation and is a very popular software tool due, in part, to it being opensource. Yahoo! Has contributed to about 80% of the main core of Hadoop [3], but many other large technology organizations have used or are currently using Hadoop, such as, Facebook, Twitter, LinkedIn, and others [3]. The Hadoop framework is comprised of many different projects, but two of the main ones are the Hadoop Distributed File System (HDFS) and MapReduce. HDFS is designed to work with the MapReduce paradigm. This survey paper is focused around HDFS and how it was implemented to be very fault tolerant because fault tolerance is an essential part of modern day distributed systems.
Percepción y experiencia: conflicto de roles de mujeres y adolescentes atletas puertorriqueñas

This study aimed to examine the role conflicts among female Puerto Rican athletes. G.H. Sage, and S. Loudermilk’s questionnaire on female athletes and their perceptions of role conflict from Research Quarterly 50, 88-96 (1979) was translated into Spanish to do so. Even though no significant differences were found among different variables female and sub-categories, the results show the perceptions and conflicting role experiences among Puerto Rican athletes.
FastNMF: Efficient NMF Algorithm for Reducing Feature Dimension

An essential and important problem in signal processing, pattern recognition, computer vision and image engineering is how to find a suitable representation of multivariate data, which typically make latent structure in the data clear and often reduce the dimensionality of the data so that further computation or classification can be effectively and efficiently implemented. Principal component analysis (Jolliffe, 2002), projection pursuit (Jones, 1987), factor analysis (Reyment, 1996), redundancy reduction (Deco, 1995), and independent component analysis (Hyvärinen, 2001) are some popular data representation methods. Although they are essentially ABSTRACT
Y-pipe: A Conditional Branching Scheme Without Pipeline Delays

The "Y-Pipe" is a hardware conditional branch- ing scheme that allows pipelined processors to perform con- ditional branches without any pipeline delays. The essence behind the Y-Pipe is the duplication of all pipeline stages before the execution stage of the pipeline. Given a scalar processor, under normal operations both paths are fetch- ing and decoding the same instruction. After encounter- ing a COMPAREBRANCH instruction structure, the two paths in the Y-pipe will start fetching and decoding sep- arate instructions. The scheme will work for consecutive COMPAREBRANCH instruction structures. The Y-Pipe scheme has been simulated and compared against using the delayed branching scheme. The results show that the pre posed Y-pipe scheme incurs no branch delays and provides 100% branch prediction.
Empirical Evidence for the Impact of Organizational Culture on Process Quality

Organizational Culture (OC) plays an increasingly important role in both literature and practice of BPM. Hence, companies and other organizations should be aware of their culture and the underlying values and perceptions which might influence the success of BPM initiatives. This paper addresses these issues and presents empirical evidence for the impact of OC on the quality of business processes. For this purpose a questionnaire survey has been conducted combining the assessment of OC and perceived process quality. Based on a sample of 145 employees of a financial services company, the results give clear empirical evidence that there is a strong positive influence of OC on the perceived quality of processes in an organization. Regression analyses show high explanatory significance for three of four organizational culture dimensions. The highest explanatory impact on process quality is given by the strategic orientation of an organization, followed by the structural conditions and the general management and leadership in an organization.
Real Time Response to Streaming Data on Linux Clusters

Beowulf-style cluster computers which have traditionally served batch jobs via resource managers such as Portable Batch System (PBS) are now under pressure from the scienti c community to support real time response to data stream applications. That is, applications supporting events streamed from remote sensors or instruments at high rates. Cluster management must be agile and timely in its response to resource demands prompted by the unpredictable occurrence of real-world events. Streaming applications di er in fundamental ways from interactive applications. While solutions exist to support interactive applications, the solutions are not well suited to streaming applications. In this paper we experimentally evaluate two approaches to supporting streaming applications on Linux clusters. Both are coexistence schemes, that is, streaming applications share nodes with traditional batch jobs on nodes scheduled by a batch job manager. One approach works with the batch job manager (i.e., PBS) to reallocate computational resources to meet the needs of real time data analysis. The second approach works outside of PBS utilizing Linux real time scheduling features. We also introduce a software architecture for streaming applications that we developed. Its purpose is a general reusable software structure for IU scientists requiring streaming solutions for acquisition of resources necessary for real time stream analysis.
Intelligent Integration of Discharge Summary: A Formative Model

Many organizations and healthcare providers are concerned on implementing new tools and applications to improve the quality of the provided services and to speed up the processing time. Discharge summary report (DSR) is one of the curtail reports that consumes the physician efforts and time to integrate it. Only limited researches exist on automating the integration of DSR, which is based on combining various patient data from his/her Hospital Medical Reports (HMR). The intention for this paper is to construct a formative model for constructing Intelligent Discharge System (IDS) automatically without human intervention. Method: DSR integration composed of text summarization technique which provides the ability to extract an important data from a large size of text that collected from several parts of patient's HMR. In addition to Natural Language Processing (NLP) techniques such as Segmentation, Stemming and Stopword Filtering in order to reduce the time for generating the DSR. Result: The produced DSR output contains all the required fields that should be included in the report, which has been approved by the physicians. The system showed an impressive improvement in DSR automated production.
Early experience of laparoscopic choledochal cyst excision in children

Purpose Laparoscopic choledochal cyst excision with Roux-en-Y hepaticojejunostomy (LCE) in children is being attempted more frequently around the world, and although it has been performed in Korea, no publication has been published on it. However, cholangitis and/or pancreatitis are limitations that make open conversion more likely. The aims of this study, through a retrospective clinical analysis, were to prove the efficacy of LCE in children and to validate that preoperative management expands its indications. Methods From May 2011 to November 2012, 13 pediatric LCEs were performed. Demo graphics, preoperative findings, management, operative and postoperative outcomes were reviewed. Results The mean age at operation was 48.5 months and mean bodyweight 19.0 kg. Ultrasonography was conducted in all patients followed by either magnetic resonance cholangiopancreatography (8 cases) or computed tomography (5 cases). The mean diameter of the cysts was 30.2 mm. Eight patients with cholangitis and/or pancreatitis were given antibiotics preoperatively. Four had their condition resolved by administration of antibiotics, 3 underwent additional endoscopic retrograde biliary drainage or percutaneous transhepatic biliary drainage, and one, due to aggravating tenderness, underwent surgery after 4 days of administrating antibiotics without improvement of the inflammation. Two faced open conversions, one because of a very narrow bile duct, and the other because of remnant inflammation after inadequate preoperative management already mentioned above. Patients were discharged on the eighth postoperative day. There were no complications. Conclusion Pediatric LCE is a feasible option for choledochal cyst. Proper preoperative management such as antibiotics and drainage procedures enhances its efficacy by broadening its indications, even with concomitant cholangitis and/or pancreatitis.
A Dollar for Your Thoughts: Feedback-Conditional Rebates on Ebay

We run a series of controlled field experiments on eBay where buyers are re-warded for providing feedback. Our results provide little support for the hypothesis of buyer's rational economic behavior: the likelihood of feedback barely increases as we increase feedback rebate values; also, the speed of feedback, bid levels and the number of bids are all insensitive to rebate values. By contrast, we find evidence consistent with reciprocal buyer behavior. Lower trans-action quality leads to a higher probability of negative feedback as well as a speeding up of such negative feedback. However, when transaction quality is low (as measured by slow shipping), offering a rebate significantly decreases the likelihood of negative feedback. All in all, our results are consistent with the hypothesis that buyers reciprocate the seller's "good deeds" (feedback rebate, high transaction quality) with more frequent and more favorable feedback. As a result, sellers can "buy" feedback, but such feedback is likely to be biased.
Lipoprotein-Associated Phospholipase A2 Protein Expression in the Natural Progression of Human Coronary Atherosclerosis

Objective—Although lipoprotein-associated phospholipase A2 (Lp-PLA2) has received recent attention as a biomarker of inflammation and risk for acute coronary events, its relative expression in coronary plaque phenotypes, including unstable lesions, has not been established. Methods and Results—Coronary segments (n=30) were prospectively collected from 25 sudden coronary death patients for immunolocalization of Lp-PLA2. Lesion morphologies were classified as pathologic intimal thickening, fibroatheromas, thin-cap fibroatheromas (fibrous cap thicknesses <65 &mgr;m), and rupture. The expression of Lp-PLA2 was detected using a specific monoclonal antibody. Apoptosis was identified by DNA end-labeling using terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase (TdT). Lp-PLA2 staining in early plaques was absent or minimally detected. In contrast, thin-cap fibroatheromas and ruptured plaques showed intense Lp-PLA2 expression within necrotic cores and surrounding macrophages including those in the fibrous cap. The degree of macrophage apoptosis was greater in thin-cap fibroatheroma and ruptures compared with less advanced plaques with additional double labeling studies showing Lp-PLA2 present in apoptotic cells in regions of high macrophage density. Conclusions—Lp-PLA2 is strongly expressed within the necrotic core and surrounding macrophages of vulnerable and ruptured plaques, with relatively weak staining in less advanced lesions. These findings together with the association of Lp-PLA2 in apoptotic macrophages suggest a potential role in promoting plaque instability.
Hidden losses and ‘forgotten’ suffering: the bereavement experiences of British Romany Gypsies and Travellers

Abstract There are an estimated 300,000 Romany Gypsies and Travellers resident in Britain. Policy enactments and a decline in stopping places have impacted these ethnic minorities’ cultural tradition of nomadism, leading to significant socioeconomic challenges and rapid cultural change in recent decades. Additionally, Gypsies and Travellers face significant health inequalities, including a reduced life expectancy of between 10–12 years compared to ‘mainstream’ populations. Further, considerably higher levels of suicide, maternal and infant mortality, miscarriage and stillbirth are reported. Membership of close-knit and large extended families means that bereavement experiences are common from an early age. Unresolved grief from multiple bereavements can have long-term health implications, including depression, anxiety, and increases in risk-taking behaviours such as alcohol and substance misuse. This paper presents a narrative review of the literature illustrated by quotes from a from a recently completed study that examines the bereavement support needs of Gypsies and Travellers and best practice for organisations seeking to support these ‘hard to reach’ populations.
Extrafollicular Dermal Melanocyte Stem Cells and Melanoma

Recent studies suggest that extrafollicular dermal melanocyte stem cells (MSCs) persist after birth in the superficial nerve sheath of peripheral nerves and give rise to migratory melanocyte precursors when replacements for epidermal melanocytes are needed on the basal epidermal layer of the skin. If a damaged MSC or melanocyte precursor can be shown to be the primary origin of melanoma, targeted identification and eradication of it by antibody-based therapies will be the best method to treat melanoma and a very effective way to prevent its recurrence. Transcription factors and signaling pathways involved in MSC self-renewal, expansion and differentiation are reviewed. A model is presented to show how the detrimental effects of long-term UVA/UVB radiation on DNA and repair mechanisms in MSCs convert them to melanoma stem cells. Zebrafish have many advantages for investigating the role of MSCs in the development of melanoma. The signaling pathways regulating the development of MSCs in zebrafish are very similar to those found in humans and mice. The ability to easily manipulate the MSC population makes zebrafish an excellent model for studying how damage to MSCs may lead to melanoma.
Children of the Welfare State: Civilising Practices in Schools, Childcare and Families, by Laura Gilliam and Eva Gullov, with Karen Fog Olwig and Dil Bach

city and her encounters with French interlocutors. While Tracy had similarly studied Spanish for 10 years before her arrival in Bilbao, she did not associate her investment in the language with a particular attachment to Spain. With few prior expectations of the locale she was visiting or the people who lived there, she was able to enjoy her experiences as they came, rather than as she had dreamed of. Doerr concludes that an understanding of the variations in this kind of study abroad experience requires attentiveness to the emotions that may be shaping student motivations to participate in these kinds of programs. While all of the contributors to this volume have endeavoured to address the editors’ emphasis on affect, these efforts occasionally seem somewhat forced. For example, the walking exercises that Bradley Rink assigned to international and local students in two courses are persuasive as efforts to encourage these youths to move beyond gated universities and secure residences towards a fuller engagement with their South African urban surroundings, but it is not clear why these assignments or the insights they impart should be characterised as ‘affective’ learning. This book is further revealing of some interesting recent developments in the field of international education, including the aspiration that study abroad should feature in the education of all rather than a select few students, the escalating emphasis on shorter stays of a few weeks or days rather than a semester or a year, and the growing recognition on the part of educators that a sojourn abroad will not automatically have a positive outcome. The volume provides us with some valuable insights into the contingent effects of these and related developments as an increasing number, if still a minority, of students take up opportunities to spend some of their education in a stay abroad. This book should, therefore, be particularly useful for students and professionals in the fields of mobility studies, international education and education more broadly.