Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Frequency Count Based Filter for Dimensionality Reduction

Selecting relevant features from a dataset has been considered to be one of the major components of data mining techniques. Data mining techniques become computationally expensive when used with irrelevant features. Dimensionality reduction/feature selection algorithms are used basically to reduce the dimension of a dataset without reducing the information content of the domain. There are basically two categories of feature selection methods. Supervised, where each instance is associated with a class label, and in unsupervised, instances are not related to any class label. Unsupervised feature selection is used as a pre-processing of other machine learning techniques such as clustering, classification, association rule mining to reduce the dimensionality of the domain space without much loss of information content. This paper presents an unsupervised dimensionality reduction technique from continuous valued dataset, based on frequency count.
Switching between selection and fusion in combining classifiers: an experiment

This paper presents a combination of classifier selection and fusion by using statistical inference to switch between the two. Selection is applied in those regions of the feature space where one classifier strongly dominates the others from the pool [called clustering-and-selection or (CS)] and fusion is applied in the remaining regions. Decision templates (DT) method is adopted for the classifier fusion part. The proposed combination scheme (called CS+DT) is compared experimentally against its two components, and also against majority vote, naive Bayes, two joint-distribution methods (BKS and a variant due to Wernecke (1988)), the dynamic classifier selection (DCS) algorithm DCS_LA based on local accuracy (Woods et al. (1997)), and simple fusion methods such as maximum, minimum, average, and product. Based on the results with five data sets with homogeneous ensembles [multilayer perceptrons (NLPs)] and ensembles of different classifiers, we offer a discussion on when to combine classifiers and how classifier selection (static or dynamic) can be misled by the differences in the classifier team.
Searching the Web with Server-side Filtering of Irrelevant Information Searching the Web with Server-side Filtering of Irrelevant Information

Even experienced users of IR systems experience a high degree of frustration in searching for information on the World Wide Web, in part because current search engines concentrate on speed and coverage at the expense of precision. In this paper, we describe an approach to increase precision of retrieval based on ltering out irrelevant material. Potentially relevant matches got from a standard Web search engine are ltered using, for example, augmented patterns derived from syntactic structure inherent in natural language text. We argue that the performance of these and other methods of ltering for IR can be improved by the notion of server side scripting, a concept which has not been exploited yet. We describe an implementation of such a system, and discuss issues that arise out this model of improving IR. We conclude with a discussion of areas where this mode of ltering is most appropriate. Abstract Even experienced users of IR systems experience a high degree of frustration in searching for information on the World Wide Web, in part because current search engines concentrate on speed and coverage at the expense of precision. In this paper, we describe an approach to increase precision of retrieval based on ltering out irrelevant material. Potentially relevant matches got from a standard Web search engine are ltered using, for example, augmented patterns derived from syntactic structure inherent in natural language text. We argue that the performance of these and other methods of ltering for IR can be improved by the notion of server side scripting, a concept which has not been exploited yet. We describe an implementation of such a system, and discuss issues that arise out this model of improving IR. We conclude with a discussion of areas where this mode of ltering is most appropriate.
Less is More? Towards a Reduced Inventory of Categories for Training a Parser for the Italian Stanford Dependencies

Stanford Dependencies (SD) represent nowadays a de facto standard as far as dependency annotation is concerned. The goal of this paper is to explore pros and cons of different strategies for generating SD annotated Italian texts to enrich the existing Italian Stanford Dependency Treebank (ISDT). This is done by comparing the performance of a statistical parser (DeSR) trained on a simpler resource (the augmented version of the Merged Italian Dependency Treebank or MIDT+) and whose output was automatically converted to SD, with the results of the parser directly trained on ISDT. Experiments carried out to test reliability and effectiveness of the two strategies show that the performance of a parser trained on the reduced dependencies repertoire, whose output can be easily converted to SD, is slightly higher than the performance of a parser directly trained on ISDT. A non-negligible advantage of the first strategy for generating SD annotated texts is that semi-automatic extensions of the training resource are more easily and consistently carried out with respect to a reduced dependency tag set. Preliminary experiments carried out for generating the collapsed and propagated SD representation are also reported.
A novel phosphorylation-independent interaction between SMG6 and UPF1 is essential for human NMD

Eukaryotic mRNAs with premature translation-termination codons (PTCs) are recognized and eliminated by nonsense-mediated mRNA decay (NMD). NMD substrates can be degraded by different routes that all require phosphorylated UPF1 (P-UPF1) as a starting point. The endonuclease SMG6, which cleaves mRNA near the PTC, is one of the three known NMD factors thought to be recruited to nonsense mRNAs via an interaction with P-UPF1, leading to eventual mRNA degradation. By artificial tethering of SMG6 and mutants thereof to a reporter mRNA combined with knockdowns of various NMD factors, we demonstrate that besides its endonucleolytic activity, SMG6 also requires UPF1 and SMG1 to reduce reporter mRNA levels. Using in vivo and in vitro approaches, we further document that SMG6 and the unique stalk region of the UPF1 helicase domain, along with a contribution from the SQ domain, form a novel interaction and we also show that this region of the UPF1 helicase domain is critical for SMG6 function and NMD. Our results show that this interaction is required for NMD and for the capability of tethered SMG6 to degrade its bound RNA, suggesting that it contributes to the intricate regulation of UPF1 and SMG6 enzymatic activities.
A SAHLQVIST THEOREM FOR SUBSTRUCTURAL LOGIC

Abstract In this paper, we establish the first-order definability of sequents with consistent variable occurrence on bi-approximation semantics by means of the Sahlqvist–van Benthem algorithm. Then together with the canonicity results in Suzuki (2011), this allows us to establish a Sahlqvist theorem for substructural logic. Our result is not limited to substructural logic but is also easily applicable to other lattice-based logics.
Stellar Disk Truncations at High z: Probing Inside-Out Galaxy Formation

We have conducted a systematic search for stellar disk truncations in disklike galaxies at intermediate redshift (z < 1.1) using the Hubble Ultra Deep Field data. We use the position of the truncation as a direct estimator of the size of the stellar disk. After accounting for the surface brightness evolution of the galaxies, our results suggest that the radial position of the truncations has increased with cosmic time by ~1-3 kpc in the last ~8 Gyr. This result indicates a small to moderate (~25%) inside-out growth of the disk galaxies since z ~ 1.
Vowel normalization by articulatory information

The differences of vowel sounds among speakers are mainly caused by the morphological differences and different speaking styles of each speaker. The traditional vowel normalization methods in acoustic space are mainly concerned with the variance of acoustic features. There is no information of articulatory space taken into account. This paper proposed an approach to normalize vowel spectra by using articulatory information. The articulatory information of this study is mainly related with morphological variations of speakers. By taking articulatory information into account, the normalization method will have clear physical meaning that which part of acoustic variations has been reduced. This paper proposed a vowel normalization framework by using Thin-plate spline method. Thin-plate spline method was applied to normalize formant frequencies of three Chinese vowels, and was compared with traditional acoustic normalization methods for evaluation. The results show that the variances among different subjects were reduced. Vowel diagrams indicate that this method outperforms other acoustic methods in keeping speakers specific characteristics.
Ehrhart's polynomial for equilateral triangles in ℤ3

In this paper we calculate the Ehrhart’s polynomial associated with a 2-dimensional regular polytope (i.e. equilateral triangles) in Z 3 . The polynomial takes a relatively simple form in terms of the coordinates of the vertices of the triangle. We give some equivalent formula in terms of a parametrization of these objects which allows one to construct equilateral triangles with given properties. In particular, we show that given a prime number p which is equal to 1 or −5 (mod 8), there exists an equilateral triangle with integer coordinates whose Ehrhart polynomial is L(t )= (pt +2 )(t +1 )/2, t ∈ N.
Fast and Robust Realtime Storefront Logo Recognition

Storefront brand image (logo) recognition has many useful applications. Various methods have been proposed using local and global feature matching; however, logo recognition continues to be a challenging area; unlike nature scene images, which are rich in texture details, brand images often lack texture variation, and therefore provide fewer feature points for matching. In addition, reference and test images may be acquired with varying levels of rotation, resolution, size, quality, and illumination. In this paper, I present a highly efficient and accurate approach for recognizing logos in storefront images. I separate the algorithm into two primary phases representation and recognition, each of which deals with a separate portion of the logo recognition algorithm. After training the logo recognition system with 381 pre-segmented storefront logos, I was able to achieve an 86.0% classification accuracy on 100 test images taken from a wide variety of locations.
Simpson's Paradox: A Data Set and Discrimination Case Study Exercise

In this article, we present a data set and case study exercise that can be used by educators to teach a range of statistical concepts including Simpson's paradox. The data set and case study are based on a real-life scenario where there was a claim of discrimination based on ethnicity. The exercise highlights the importance of performing rigorous statistical analysis and how data interpretations can accurately inform or misguide decision makers.
Data provenance trusted model in cloud computing

Transparency and confident towards cloud provider are some of the prominent issues in cloud today. In order to solve these problems, cloud service providers should have a high level of assurance and accountability in order to maintain trust between them and the users. This trust can be achieved through data provenance. Data provenance provides historical data from its original resources and can facilitate trust between cloud providers and users. This paper discusses the overview of data provenance in cloud computing and significant approach in provenance logging system. This is then followed by discussion of provenance challenges in cloud environment. Finally, this paper propose a novel data provenance trusted model to provide secured access to data provenance via a secured communication channel. This model also propose a consolidation log storage for virtual and physical layer in cloud environment.
On Transverse Fivebranes in M(atrix) Theory on $T^5$

We study the M(atrix) theory description of M-theory compactified on a 5-torus. One of the fluxes we identify corresponds to the completely wrapped transverse fivebrane of M-theory. We comment on the origin of the fivebrane central charge, and argue that the formulation of M-theory compactified to low dimensions in governed by the (2,0) fixed point in six dimensions.
A narrowly endemic photosynthetic orchid is non‐specific in its mycorrhizal associations

Mycorrhizal association is a common characteristic in a majority of land plants, and the survival and distribution of a species can depend on the distribution of suitable fungi in its habitat. Orchidaceae is one of the most species‐rich angiosperm families, and all orchids are fully dependent on fungi for their seed germination and some also for subsequent growth and survival. Given this obligate dependence, at least in the early growth stages, elucidating the patterns of orchid–mycorrhizal relationships is critical to orchid biology, ecology and conservation. To assess whether rarity of an orchid is determined by its specificity towards its fungal hosts, we studied the spatial and temporal variability in the host fungi associated with one of the rarest North American terrestrial orchids, Piperia yadonii. The fungal internal transcribed spacer region was amplified and sequenced by sampling roots from eight populations of P. yadonii distributed across two habitats, Pinus radiata forest and maritime chaparral, in California. Across populations and sampling years, 26 operational taxonomic units representing three fungal families, the Ceratobasidiaceae, Sebacinaceae and Tulasnellaceae, were identified. Fungi belonging to the Sebacinaceae were documented in orchid roots only at P. radiata forest sites, while those from the Ceratobasidiaceae and Tulasnellaceae occurred in both habitats. Our results indicate that orchid rarity can be unrelated to the breadth of mycorrhizal associations. Our data also show that the dominance of various fungal families in mycorrhizal plants can be influenced by habitat preferences of mycorrhizal partners.
Ancient Aqueous Environments at Endeavour Crater, Mars

Opportunity has investigated in detail rocks on the rim of the Noachian age Endeavour crater, where orbital spectral reflectance signatures indicate the presence of Fe+3-rich smectites. The signatures are associated with fine-grained, layered rocks containing spherules of diagenetic or impact origin. The layered rocks are overlain by breccias, and both units are cut by calcium sulfate veins precipitated from fluids that circulated after the Endeavour impact. Compositional data for fractures in the layered rocks suggest formation of Al-rich smectites by aqueous leaching. Evidence is thus preserved for water-rock interactions before and after the impact, with aqueous environments of slightly acidic to circum-neutral pH that would have been more favorable for prebiotic chemistry and microorganisms than those recorded by younger sulfate-rich rocks at Meridiani Planum.
EXPRESSING PROBABILISTIC CONTEXT-FREE GRAMMARS IN THE RELAXED UNIFICATION FORMALISM

The Theory of Relaxed Unification is a newly proposed theory that extends the power of classical unification. The theory relaxes the rigid constraints of requiring a perfect match between the terms being unified to allow multi-valued attributes. The Relaxed Unification Inference System is an implementation of an inference engine and an interpreter, which uses the relaxed unification mechanism in resolving the rules. We give an overview of the System’s capabilities and demonstrate how it can be used to express Probabilistic Context-Free Grammars.
Ultra High Speed LiNbO3 and Polymer Electrooptic Modulators in Lightwave Optical Access Communication Networks

In the present paper, we have been modeled parametrically and numerically the high speed of materials based electrooptic (EO) modulators in advanced optical communication systems. The modulated bandwidth is deeply and parametrically studied over wide ranges of the affecting sets of parameters via specially designed software which processes the interaction of causes and effects. The design parameters of the lumped circuit have been processed over large operating requirements. Lithium niobate (LiNbO3) external modulators can also offer pure phase modulation in coherent systems and can realize various optical signal processors. As the bit rate of optical network systems becomes higher, it becomes more difficult to drive a modulator with a high voltage. Therefore, reduction of the driving voltage of an LiNbO3 modulator with a broadband characteristic is an extremely important issue for realizing future high speed optical transmission systems. Moreover polymer electrooptic devices have been extensively studied and explored due to its intrinsic advantages over conventional materials such as high speed operation, compatibility with other materials and substrates.
The Changing Governance of the Sciences : The Advent of Research Evaluation Systems

Preface Introduction Changing Governance of the Public Sciences: The consequences of establishing diverse research evaluation systems - Richard Whitley Universities as Strategic Actors: State delegation and changing patterns of evaluation The Visible Hand versus the Invisible Hand: The Allocation of Research Resources in Swedish Universities - Lars Engwall and Thorsten Nybom Prospective and Retrospective Evaluation Systems in Context: Insights from Japan - Robert Kneller Elite through Rankings - The Emergence of the Enterprising University - Peter Weingart and Sabine Maasen The Social Construction of Bibliometric Evaluations - Jochen Glaser and Grit Laudel Weak and Strong Research Evaluation Systems Evaluation without evaluators: The impact of funding formulae on Australian university research - Jochen Glaser and Grit Laudel The Basic State of Research in Germany: Conditions of Knowledge Production Pre-Evaluation - Stefan Lange Research Evaluation as Organisational Development - the Work of the Academic Advisory Council in Lower Saxony- Christof Schiene and Uwe Schimank Interfering Governance and Emerging Centres of Control: University research evaluation in the Netherlands - Barend van der Meulen Research Evaluation in Transition: Individual versus organisational assessment in Spain - Laura Cruz-Castro and Luis Sanz-Menendez Death by Peer Review? The impact of results-oriented management in U.S. research - Susan Cozzens Concluding Reflections The Social Orders of Research Evaluation Systems - Jochen Glaser Author Index List of Authors & Affiliations
Incentives to Invest and to Give Access to New Technologies

We analyze the incentives of a vertically integrated firm, which is a regulated monopolist in the wholesale market and competes with an entrant in the retail market, to invest and to give access to a new wholesale technology. The new technology is unregulated and produces retail products of a higher quality than the old technology. If the innovation is non-drastic, the vertically integrated firm may be induced to give access to the entrant. Furthermore, if the innovation is non-drastic and small, a duopoly in the retail market is socially optimal, whereas if the innovation is nondrastic but large, a monopoly in the retail market is socially optimal. If the innovation is drastic, the vertically integrated firm does not give access to the entrant. If both firms can invest, but only one does, it is more likely that it is the entrant who invests. The impact on social welfare of the two firms investing, instead of just the vertically integrated firm, is potentially ambiguous.
Grave Does it Pay Off to Incentivize Universities ? Performance Funding in the German Higher Education System

This paper analyzes the eff ect of the introduction of performance-related funding in the German university sector. Starting in the 1990‘s, the federal states of Germany introduced incentive-based funding systems in order to increase universities‘ performance and effi ciency. We estimate the eff ects of this reform on four common outcome indicators of the funding models: The number of students and graduates, which are supposed to measure teaching performance, and the number of PhD graduates and the amount of third-party funds, which quantify research output. Using a diff erence-in-diff erences estimator, our results suggest that for increasing the outcomes in teaching, a weak incentive is suffi cient while the research outputs are only aff ected if the incentive is strong enough. We further identify diff erent responses by university types, which shows that the results are mainly driven by technical colleges. According to our fi ndings, it is crucial to design the funding models carefully to provide the “right” incentives and hence to achieve the underlying goal of the reform. JEL Classifi cation: D04, I23, O31
Visual communication in east African cichlid fishes: diversity in a phylogenetic context

The flocks of cichlid fishes in the African Great Lakes are a fascinating system for studies of visual ecology. Separate radiations have produced a diverse flock of several hundred closely related cichlid species in each of the three large lakes (Malawi, Tanganyika and Victoria). Closely related species exhibit a diverse range of color patterns. The three lakes have dramatically different photic environments, from the murky waters of Lake Victoria to the clearer waters of lakes Tanganyika and Malawi. The cichlid species flocks in these lakes therefore offer a unique opportunity to examine the forces driving the evolution of visual sensitivity and communication. In this review, we summarize what is currently known about visual communication in this intriguing system. An especially diverse range of visual sensitivities is found among the species occurring in Lake Malawi. The range of visual sensitivities in Lake Victoria is much narrower, and tends to be at longer wavelengths. These differences suggest an important role for the photic environment in shaping visual sensitivities. There is also evidence for links between color usage and visual sensitivities among the flocks in the different lakes. We discuss the possible relationships between visual sensitivity, ecology, photic environment and color usage, and suggest future work to examine the forces acting on visual communication. There is a special need for studies at finer phylogenetic scales, to quantify the variability of visual sensitivities and color between sister taxa. Such studies will provide insights into the possible role of visual communication in cichlid speciation.
Can optical interconnects lead to cheaper high-performance multiprocessors?

A new paradigm for an all-to-all optical interconnect is presented. It could be part of an interconnection fabric between parallel processing elements and the first level of the cache in a computer system. Parallel processing has traditionally aspired to improve performance of such systems. An optical interconnect raises a new possibility: obtain both improved performance and significant cost reduction with respect to standard serial computer system models.
Energy-Efficient Single Flux Quantum Technology

Figures of merit connecting processing capabilities with power dissipated (OpS/Watt, Joule/bit, etc.) are becoming dominant factors in choosing technologies for implementing the next generation of computing and communication network systems. Superconductivity is viewed as a technology capable of achieving higher energy efficiencies than other technologies. Static power dissipation of standard RSFQ logic, associated with dc bias resistors, is responsible for most of the circuit power dissipation. In this paper, we review and compare different superconductor digital technology approaches and logic families addressing this problem. We present a novel energy-efficient single flux quantum logic family, ERSFQ/eSFQ. We also discuss energy-efficient approaches for output data interface and overall cryosystem design.