Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Convective Planetary Boundary Layer Interactions with the Land Surface at Diurnal Time Scales: Diagnostics and Feedbacks

Abstract The convective planetary boundary layer (PBL) integrates surface fluxes and conditions over regional and diurnal scales. As a result, the structure and evolution of the PBL contains information directly related to land surface states. To examine the nature and magnitude of land–atmosphere coupling and the interactions and feedbacks controlling PBL development, the authors used a large sample of radiosonde observations collected at the southern Atmospheric Research Measurement Program–Great Plains Cloud and Radiation Testbed (ARM-CART) site in association with simulations of mixed-layer growth from a single-column PBL/land surface model. The model accurately predicts PBL evolution and realistically simulates thermodynamics associated with two key controls on PBL growth: atmospheric stability and soil moisture. The information content of these variables and their influence on PBL height and screen-level temperature can be characterized using statistical methods to describe PBL–land surface coupling.
A Multi-Featured Factor Analysis and Dynamic Window Rectification Method for Remaining Useful Life Prognosis of Rolling Bearings

Currently, the research on the predictions of remaining useful life (RUL) of rotating machinery mainly focuses on the process of health indicator (HI) construction and the determination of the first prediction time (FPT). In complex industrial environments, the influence of environmental factors such as noise may affect the accuracy of RUL predictions. Accurately estimating the remaining useful life of bearings plays a vital role in reducing costly unscheduled maintenance and increasing machine reliability. To overcome these problems, a health indicator construction and prediction method based on multi-featured factor analysis are proposed. Compared with the existing methods, the advantages of this method are the use of factor analysis, to mine hidden common factors from multiple features, and the construction of health indicators based on the maximization of variance contribution after rotation. A dynamic window rectification method is designed to reduce and weaken the stochastic fluctuations in the health indicators. The first prediction time was determined by the cumulative gradient change in the trajectory of the HI. A regression-based adaptive prediction model is used to learn the evolutionary trend of the HI and estimate the RUL of the bearings. The experimental results of two publicly available bearing datasets show the advantages of the method.
An Aging Drift Calibration and Device-Generality Network With Realistic Transfer Samples for Electronic Nose

The electronic nose (Enose) system can be applied to many applications. Nevertheless, the gas sensor array used in the Enose system can vary from one device to another. Furthermore, sensors suffer from time-related effects. As time passes, the response from sensors in the Enose system may change, affecting the classification accuracy. Many researchers had put effort into dealing with the sensor’s drift problem, but most focused on finding representative transfer samples in the target domain, which is not realistic in real life. In the real situation, the Enose system device can be more calibrated for a period of time. In this study, we propose a new Enose dataset with five different odors. For each odor, four different concentrations are tested with four different humidity levels to increase the dataset’s representativeness. Additionally, three devices are tested at three different time intervals. All collected data are recorded chronologically to be used in developing algorithms with reasonable transfer samples. A network is presented herein to solve the drift from one device to another and the drift during sensor aging. The proposed network shows good resistance to the drift between devices and solves the drift as time goes on with a relatively little amount of transfer sample, efficiently reducing the gas experiment cost.
Complex Spectroscopy Studies of Nifedipine Photodegradation

The aim of this work is to highlight the influence of UV light on the hydrolysis reaction of nifedipine (NIF) in the presence of alkaline solutions. In this context, the photodegradation of NIF in the absence of alkaline solutions caused (a) a change in the ratio between the absorbances of three bands in the UV-VIS spectra localized at 224–240 nm, 272–276 nm and 310–340 nm, assigned to the electronic transitions of -COOCH3 groups, -NO2 groups and a heterocycle with six atoms; (b) a red-shift of the photoluminescence (PL) band from 458 nm to 477 nm, simultaneous with an increase in its intensity; (c) a decrease in the ratio of the Raman line intensities, which peaked at 1224 cm−1 and 1649 cm−1, associated with the vibrational modes of -C-C-O in the ester group and C=C stretching; and (d) a decrease in the ratio between the absorbances of the IR bands, which peaked at 1493 cm−1 and 1223 cm−1, associated with the vibrational modes of the -NO2 group and C-N stretching. These changes were explained considering the NIF photodegradation reaction, which leads to the generation of the compound 4-(2-nitrosophenyl)-2.6-dimethyl-3.5-dimethoxy carbonyl pyridine. The interaction of NIF with NaOH in the absence of UV light was demonstrated to induce changes in the vibrational mode of the -C-C-O bond in the ester group. The photodegradation of NIF after its reaction with NaOH induces significant changes highlighted in its (a) UV-VIS spectra, by the shift of the absorption band at 238 nm; (b) PL spectra, by the supraunitary value of the ratio between the emission band intensities at 394–396 nm and 450 nm; (c) Raman spectra, by the change in the ratio between the intensities of the lines that peaked at 1224 cm−1 and 1649 cm−1 from 0.61 to 0.49; and (d) FTIR spectra, by the lowered absorbance of the IR band at 1493 cm−1 assigned to the vibrational mode of the -NO2 group as a result of the generation of the nitroso compound. These changes were explained considering the hydrolysis reaction products of NIF, as the nitroso compound is converted to a lactam-type compound. The photodegradation reaction rate constants of NIF and NIF after interaction with NaOH were also reported. The decrease in thermal stability of NIF samples after interaction with NaOH, as well as of NIF after exposure to UV light compared to NIF prior to exposure to UV light, was demonstrated by thermogravimetry, and the key fragments were confirmed by mass spectrometry.
Decomposition of magnetotelluric impedance tensors in the presence of local three-dimensional galvanic distortion

There are many occasions on which the magnetotelluric impedance tensor is affected by local galvanic distortion (channelling) of electric currents arising from induction in a conductive structure which is approximately two-dimensional (2-D) on a regional scale. Even though the inductive behavior is 2-D, the resulting impedance tensor can be shown to have three-dimensional (3-D) behavior. Conventional procedures for rotating the impedance tensor such as minimizing the mean square modulus of the diagonal elements do not in general recover the principal axes of induction and thus do not recover the correct principal impedances but rather linear combinations of them. This paper presents a decomposition of the impedance tensor which separates the effects of 3-D channeling from those of 2-D induction. Where the impedance tensor is actually the result of regional 1-D or 2-D induction coupled with local frequency independent telluric distortion, the method correctly recovers the principal axes of induction and, except for a static shift (multiplication by a frequency independent real constant), the two principal impedances. Also obtained are two parameters (twist and shear), which partially describe the effects of telluric distortion. It is shown that the tensor operator which describes the telluric distortions can always be factored into the product of three tensor sub-operators (twist, shear, local anisotropy) and a scalar. This product factorization allows assimilation of local anisotropy, if present, into the regional anisotropy. The method of decomposition is given in the paper along with a discussion of the improvements obtained over the conventional method and an example with real data.
CO2 exchange and carbon balance in two grassland sites on eutrophic drained peat soils

Abstract. In this study we investigated the role of intensive and extensive dairy farm practices on CO2 exchange and the carbon balance of peatlands by means of eddy covariance (EC) measurements. Year long EC measurements were made in two adjacent farm sites on peat soil in the western part of the Netherlands. One site (Stein) is a new meadow bird reserve and is managed predominantly by mowing in June and August. The second site (Oukoop) is an intensive dairy farm. Maximum photosynthetic uptake of the grass sward (range 2 to 34 μmol CO2 m−2 s−1) showed a close and similar linear relationship with Leaf Area Index (LAI; range 1 to 5) except in maturing hay meadows, where maximum photosynthetic uptake did not increase further. Apparent quantum yield varied between 0.02 and 0.08 (mean 0.045) μmol CO2 μmol−1 photons at both sites and was significantly correlated with LAI during the growth season. Ecosystem Respiration at 10°C (R10) calculated from the year round data set was 3.35 μmol CO2 m−2 s−1 at Stein and 3.69 μmol CO2 m−2 s−1 at Oukoop. Both sites were a source of carbon in winter and a sink during summer with net ecosystem exchange varying between 50 to 100 mmol CO2 m−2 d−1 in winter to below −400 mmol CO2 m−2 d−1 in summer. Periodically, both sites became a source after mowing. Net annual ecosystem exchange (NEE) for Stein was −5.7 g C m−2 a−1 and for Oukoop 133.9 g C m−2 a−1. When biomass removal, manure applications and estimates of methane emissions ware taken into account, both eutrophic peat meadows are a strong source for C around 420 g C m−2 a−1.
Movement Sonification Techniques to Improve Balance in Parkinson’s Disease: A Pilot Randomized Controlled Trial

Background: Movement sonification has been recently introduced into the field of neuromotor rehabilitation alongside Neurologic Music Therapy and music-based interventions. This study introduces the use of musical auditory cues encompassing the melodic-harmonic aspect of music. Methods: Nineteen patients with Parkinson’s disease were randomly assigned to the experimental (n = 10) and control (n = 9) groups and underwent thrice-weekly sessions of the same gait training program, with or without sonification. Functional and motor parameters, as well as fatigue, quality of life, and the impact of intervention on patients’ well-being, were assessed at baseline (PRE), the end of treatment (POST), and at follow-up (FU). Between-group differences were assessed for each outcome measure using linear mixed-effects models. The outcome measure was entered as the dependent variable, group and time as fixed effects, and time by group as the interaction effect. Results: Mini BESTest and Dynamic Gait Index scores significantly improved in the experimental group (p = 0.01 and p = 0.03, respectively) from PRE to FU, demonstrating a significant impact of the sonification treatment on balance. No other significant differences were observed in the outcome measures. Conclusions: Larger sample sizes are needed to confirm the effectiveness of sonification approaches in Parkinson’s disease, as well as in other neurological disorders.
New approaches for m-convex functions via fractional integral operators with strong kernels

We have established this paper on m − convex functions, which can be expressed as a general form of the convex function concept. First of all, some inequalities of Hadamard type are proved with fairly simple conditions. Next, an integral identity containing Atangana-Baleanu fractional integral operators is obtained to prove new inequalities for differentiable m - convex functions. Using this identity, various properties of m − convex functions and classical inequalities, some new integral inequalities have been proved.
Ice Flow Dynamics of the Greenland Ice Sheet from

Synthetic-aperture radar (SAR) interfero- grams produced from ESA's ERS-1 satellite, provide the first synoptic view of ice flow dynamics of the west- ern sector of the Greenland Ice Sheet. Glacial motion is detected in the radar ranging direction at millimetric scales, across a complete sequence of snow accumula- tion and melting regimes, despite significant variations in their radar scattering properties. Ice flow evolves from a slow, regular motion at the higher elevations. At lower elevations, motion is strongly convoluted by meter-scale undulations in surface topography, which have a unique interferometric signature that enables a novel approach for retrieving flow direction. Inferred flow directions, combined with surface displacements in the radar ranging direction, yield ice velocity estimates that are within 6 % of in-situ measurements gathered along a 40 km survey line. Application of repeat-pass SAR interferometry to the entire Greenland Ice Sheet should enable precise mapping of its ice flow dynamics at an unprecedented level of spatial detail.
Geological data extraction from lidar 3-D photorealistic models: A case study in an organic-rich mudstone, Eagle Ford Formation, Texas

The use of lidar (light detection and ranging) 3-D photorealistic outcrop models, combined with traditional sedimentological and structural field data, improves the accuracy and efficiency of qualitative and quantitative characterization of outcrops, which in turn can be used as analogs for reservoir modeling and other geologic purposes. This paper illustrates how geological data extraction from 3-D photorealistic outcrop models can be exploited, and presents some novel workflows that reduce the time needed for postprocessing. The extracted data are calibrated with conventional outcrop studies and allow extensive quantitative analyses and detailed statistical examinations of the distribution, dimension, and shape of geological features that can be used to define and build geological models. We present the first statistical characterization based on lidar of a set of geological outcrops at centimeter resolution (bed scale) over a distance of 45 km (basin scale). These innovative methods of outcrop visualization and characterization are applied to the Eagle Ford Formation, an important unconventional hydrocarbon play in Texas. The Eagle Ford Formation consists of alternating organic-rich mudstone, limestone, and bentonites; mudstones represent the source and reservoir of the hydrocarbons, limestones control the rock’s brittleness, and bentonites provide time lines for dating and correlating sections. The presented analyses provide empirical relationships that can be applied to better understand geologic processess, to build geologic models, and to reduce uncertainties in exploration and development of hydrocarbon systems.
Compliant Manipulation With Quasi-Rigid Docking for Underwater Structure Inspection

Offshore wind farms are a crucial source of renewable energy, but maintenance and repair can be challenging due to their remote locations and harsh environmental conditions. Professional divers or Remotely Operated Vehicles (ROVs) are commonly used to conduct maintenance operations, but they come with high daily operational costs. Autonomous Underwater Vehicles (AUVs) have the potential to improve the efficiency, safety, and costs of maintenance operations. This project evaluates the feasibility of using an AUV to conduct a cathodic protection (CP) survey, which involves measuring the corrosion potential of underwater structures to prevent deterioration. The AUV is equipped with a manipulator that has a CP probe with a sharp tip to puncture through the structure’s coating and make contact with the steel underneath. To ensure high accuracy and reduce environmental perturbances, the AUV attaches to the structure while conducting the survey. The technology and methods used in this project are demonstrated in a water tank using a Girona1000 AUV. Task Priority kinematic control is combined with a custom force control strategy based on admittance control to enable tracking of the end-effector configuration and contact force during the probing operation. The mission flow control is implemented using behavior trees. The results show that the use of AUVs for CP surveys is feasible and has the potential to significantly improve the efficiency, safety, and costs of maintenance operations in offshore wind farms.
Weibull model for assessment of flood and waterlogging disasters

In this paper the author first studies on the flood area of Huaihe River Valley with Weibull distributions,reveals the regulation of the flood area of Huaihe River Valley and establishes linear regression model for flood risk in Huaihe River valley with flood disaster severity in four provinces.This method can calculate the level of damage rapidly and it is especially helpful when dealing with large samples.
Tapia syndrome following TMJ gap arthroplasty: A case report and review of literature

Tapia syndrome is an extremely rare condition involving simultaneous paralysis of cranial nerves X (recurrent laryngeal branch) and XII. It is mostly believed to occur as a neuropraxic complication of intraoperative airway management. We present a unique case of a 17-year-old female with dysphonia, dysphagia, and deviation of tongue to the right side following temporomandibular joint gap arthroplasty for release of left TMJ ankylosis. A clinical diagnosis of Tapia's syndrome was made on exclusion of surgical or intracranial etiology and conservative management was performed. The aim of this study is to discuss the possible etiology, symptoms, and treatment of this disease along with a review of seven cases of Tapia syndrome associated with maxillofacial surgeries.
Gaussian Process-Based Prediction of Human Trajectories to Promote Seamless Human-Robot Handovers

Humans can perform seamless object handovers with little to no effort. These handovers are characterized by an early movement onset that anticipates the handover location and a smooth velocity profile with minimal trajectory corrections. Replicating these characteristics in an object handover task between humans and robots presents a significant modeling challenge. In this paper we implement a Gaussian Process prediction model to serve as a robotic surrogate of human inference, and investigate how this model affects the kinematics of a human giver handing an object to the robot. Additionally, we analyze how the resulting robot kinematics compare to those of a human, and gauge human comfort through subjective reporting. Human giver kinematics during human-robot handover compared closely to human-human giver kinematics with respect to movement speed, movement timing, movement smoothness, and handover distance. Notable differences were observed in reach time and receiver peak transport velocity. When asked how well four attributes of their human-robot handovers (receiver competence, handover comfort, handover naturalness, handover safety) compared to those attributes in human-human handovers, subjects gave mean scores ranging from 4.43 (naturalness) to 5.13 (safety) on a 7 point Likert scale.
Effect of Pericapsular Nerve Group (PENG) Block for Perioperative Analgesia in Geriatric Patients with Hip Fractures

Background: The occurrence of hip fracture is a prevalent orthopedic emergency among older individuals, and it is linked to substantial morbidity and death. Surgical reduction and fixation are considered the primary therapeutic approach for the majority of patients. It is crucial to provide perioperative analgesia that is effective in reducing the need for opioids and the associated side effects, including delirium, in this specific group of patients . Objective: Our research focused on investigating the ultrasound-guided approach for blocking the articular nerve branches to the hip, namely 1 the PENG (PEricapsular Nerve Group) block, which may provide a successful implementation and approach in individuals with hip fracture. Methods and patients: The experiment comprised a cohort of sixteen elderly patients, all of whom were above the age of sixty-five and classified as ASA II or III. These patients suffered from hip fractures and were scheduled to have hip surgery. All patients had postoperative PENG block after the administration of spinal anesthetic for hip surgery. Results: postoperative pain assessment both at rest and with movement using visual analogue score (VAS) for twenty-four hours demonstrated a statistically significant decline compared to preoperative pain. Conclusion : PENG block provided significant post-operative analgesia after hip surgery.
Fault-Tolerant Kinematic Control of Redundant Manipulators With Joint Failures Under Joint Velocity Disturbances

Redundant manipulators play vital roles within the realm of manufacturing in contemporary times, particularly in repetitive and monotonous duties such as welding and assembling. The increased tasks performed within industrial environments require the involvement of redundant manipulators to guarantee ideal working conditions and reliable execution of joint motions. However, due to prolonged and intensive manipulation, certain joints in these redundant manipulators can eventually develop faults at the velocity level, leading to unexpected disruptions in the precise execution of operational tasks. In this brief, a novel approach aimed at enhancing fault tolerance in kinematic control of redundant manipulators with joint failures under joint velocity disturbances is proposed. The proposed method ensures the successful completion of desired path tracking control. Through theoretical analysis and simulative experiments conducted on the redundant manipulator, the efficacy and superiority of the proposed fault-tolerant technique in facilitating kinematic control for redundant manipulators under joint velocity disturbances is demonstrated.
Computational Design of Ni6@Pt1M31 Clusters for Multifunctional Electrocatalysts

High-efficiency and low-cost multifunctional electrocatalysts for hydrogen evolution reaction (HERs), oxygen evolution reaction (OERs) and oxygen reduction reaction (ORRs) are important for the practical applications of regenerative fuel cells. The activity trends of core–shell Ni6@M32 and Ni6@Pt1M31 (M = Pt, Pd, Cu, Ag, Au) were investigated using the density functional theory (DFT). Rate constant calculations indicated that Ni6@Pt1Ag31 was an efficient HER catalyst. The Volmer–Tafel process was the kinetically favorable reaction pathway for Ni6@Pt1M31. The Volmer–Heyrovsky reaction mechanism was preferred for Ni6@M32. The Pt active site reduced the energy barrier and changed the reaction mechanism. The ORR and OER overpotentials of Ni6@Pt1Ag31 were calculated to be 0.12 and 0.33 V, indicating that Ni6@Pt1Ag31 could be a promising multifunctional electrocatalyst. Ni6@Pt1M31 core–shell clusters present abundant active sites with a moderate adsorption strength for *H, *O, *OH and *OOH. The present study shows that embedding a single Pt atom onto a Ni@M core–shell cluster is a rational strategy for designing an effective multifunctional electrocatalyst.