Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Commodifying Sámi culture in an indigenous tourism site

Cultural tourism has become an alternative economic activity in many indigenous sites, and local tourist providers compete globally by commodifying their culture in an efficient, attractive manner. This process is not however a straightforward one, because of the need to manage both the multilingual context and the interaction between host and tourists, and this can lead to tensions for all parties. We examine a Reindeer Farm in the indigenous language space of Samiland. Based on a long-term ethnography, we identify different scripts which are used within the tourist encounter to pre-empt and manage tensions around the legitimacy of the host, the collusion and cooperation between host and tourists, and the differing linguistic resources of tourists and host – in terms of the interplay between English as a tourist lingua franca, Finnish as national language, and to a limited extent the local Inari Sami and Northern Sami languages. We argue that the stakes involved in producing cultural tourism are potentially higher in indigenous, minority language sites. Kulttuuriturismista on tullut yksi elinkeinon vaihtoehto monilla syrjaseuduilla. Paikalliset turismiyrittajat pystyvat kilpailemaan globaaleilla markkinoilla tuotteistamalla paikallista kulttuuria huokuttelevalla ja tehokkaalla tavalla. Tama prosessi ei ole kuitenkaan yksioikoinen ja usein siihen liittyykin erilaisia autentisuuteen, monikielisyyteen ja vuorovaikutuksen hallintaan liittyvia jannitteita osapuolten valilla. Tarkastelemme tassa artikkelissa yhta esimerkkia paikallisen kulttuurin tuotteistamisesta, vierailua porotilalle Saamenmaassa, Euroopan pohjoisimmassa periferiassa. Soveltaen diskurssintutkimusta ja etnografiaa, tarkastelemme miten ja millaisia skripteja vierailun hallinnassa ja mahdollisten jannitteiden ratkaisemisessa hyodynnetaan. Tassa kontekstissa jannitteet liittyvat sellaisiin vuorovaikutuksen hetkiin, jolloin isannan legitiimiys kyseenalaistetaan tai yhteistyo isannan ja vieraan valilla vaarantuu tai isannan ja vieraiden erilaiset kielliset resurssit kaipaavat kontrollointia. Naita resursseja ovat englanti kansainvalisen turismin kielena, suomi kanallisena kielena seka rajoitetussa maarin paikalliset alkupersaiskielet inarin- ja pohjoissaame. Esimerkkitapauksen avulla esitamme, etta alkuperaiskulttuuriin ja vahemmistokieliin liittyvassa turismissa panokset tuotteistamisessa ovat erityisen korkeat. [Finnish]
Beyond Winning and Losing: Guidelines for Evaluating High Performance Coaches

This paper proposes a three-step method of evaluating high performance coaches involving feedback from the athletes. First, data are collected using an instrument such as the Coaching Behavior Scale for Sport (CBS-S: Cote, Yardley, Hay, Sedgwick, & Baker, 1999). Second, a summary report is prepared with descriptive information regarding the frequency of behaviors demonstrated by the coach that can be compared to previous results or to a criterion measure. The third step involves appropriate personnel reviewing the report and subsequently providing guidance for individual coach development. This three-step appraisal method provides useful evaluative feedback to coaches and has been used in several sport programs in Canada, the United States, and Australia.
Music Tempo Estimation With  $k$-NN Regression

An approach for tempo estimation from musical pieces with near-constant tempo is proposed. The method consists of three main steps: measuring the degree of musical accent as a function of time, periodicity analysis, and tempo estimation. Novel accent features based on the chroma representation are proposed. The periodicity of the accent signal is measured using the generalized autocorrelation function, followed by tempo estimation using k-Nearest Neighbor regression. We propose a resampling step applied to an unknown periodicity vector before finding the nearest neighbors. This step improves the performance of the method significantly. The tempo estimate is computed as a distance-weighted median of the nearest neighbor tempi. Experimental results show that the proposed method provides significantly better tempo estimation accuracies than three reference methods.
Statistical analysis of Likert data on attitudes

Researchers interested in measuring people's underlying attitudes towards an object (e.g., abortion) often collect Likert data by administering a survey. Likert data consist of surveyees' responses to statements about the object, where responses fall into ordered categories running from `Strongly agree' to `Strongly disagree' or into a `Don't Know / Can't Choose' category. Two examples of Likert data are used for illustrative purposes. The first dataset was collected by the author from American and British graduate students at Oxford University and contains items measuring underlying abortion attitudes. The second dataset was taken from British and American responses to the 1995 National Identity Survey (NIS) and contains items measuring underlying national pride and immigration attitudes.A model for Likert data and underlying attitudes is introduced. This model is more principled than existing models. It treats people's underlying attitudes as latent variables, and it specifies a relationship between underlying attitudes and responses that is consistent with attitudinal research. Further, the formal probability model for responses allows people's interpretation of the response categories to differ. The model is fitted by maximising an appropriate likelihood.Variants of the model are used to analyse Likert data in three contexts; in each, the method using our model compares favourably to existing methods. First, the model is used to visualise the structure underlying the abortion attitude data. This method of visualization produces more sensible plots than analogous multivariate data visualization methods. Second, the model is used to select the statements whose responses (in the abortion attitude data) best reflect underlying abortion attitudes. Our method of statement selection more closely adheres to attitude researchers' stated aims than popular methods based on sample correlations. Third, the model is used to investigate how underlying national pride varies with nationality in the NIS data and also how underlying abortion attitude varies with gender, religious status, and nationality in the abortion attitude data. Unlike methods currently used by social scientists to model the relationship between attitudes and covariates, our method controls for the effects of differing response category interpretation. As a result, inferences about group differences in underlying attitudes are more robust to group differences in response category interpretation.
Individual differences in story recall

Expenmental dato, about the relationships between story recall andpersonality are presented. Subjects were asked to read a short legendary tale under incidental or intentional study instructions. Recall followed half an hour later and after six weeks. Psychometric dato on intelligence and 18 scalesfrom the CPI were used to predict recall One general feature of the results was that relations between personality and recall were Situation dependent Higher IQ subjects, for example, were better adapted -to the requirements of the task: after intentional studying, they recatted most from the inessential parts ofthe story, while after incidental study they produced the greatest numbers of additions. More reliable subjects usually produced fewer additions. The same was true for introverts with little self-respect. However, introverts, according to the CPI dominance scale, produced relatively more additions compared to the number of facts recatted. These latter results suggest that Introversion, äs a cognitive style, influences theprocess of encodingdecreasingspecificity, while intro-extraversion is related to the recall attitudes äs well: in this respect, extraverts produce more post hoc additions. Individual differences, both in encoding and in recall attitudes, affect individual differences in recall in contrast to the unitary proposals found in the literature. The results of the experiments are discussed with reference to the issue of whether by using entirely verbal matenal, we can learn something about the overall issue of the relationships between personality and memory. The data support the modest claim that some aspects of verbal self-reports about 0165-4888/88/0008-0395 $2.00 Text 8 (4) (1988), pp. 395-410 © Mouton de Gruyter 396 Csaba Fleh, Attila Olah and Tamas Zetenyi social skttls and habits indeed seem to be related to behavior in real-life social
The effect of team characteristics and communication environment to the virtual team performance

With the fast development of information communication technology, the concept of virtual teams co-accomplishing a task at different times and from different places is rapidly spreading among global enterprises. Team performance has to do with trust and participation levels of team members and the quality of media used for communication. The purpose of this study is trying to improve task performance. This study issued 300 questionnaires to conduct evidence research on related personnel of Taiwan global enterprises. This study finds team member mutual trust, leaders competence and communication technologies affect team performance. If team members trust each other in a virtual team, they should be willing to express opinions, share experiences and exchange what they have learned to improve work and accomplish tasks. This study can serve as a reference for enterprises promoting their virtual teamwork.
Management of requirements for the projects of the diagnostic systems

The paper deals with the problem of designing diagnostic systems for technical objects such as power plant, machining etc. The new approach for this problem that is based on the methodology that are used in the design of machines and some aspects of requirement engineering that derived from the software area is considered in the article. In general case the requirements may be used to formalized notation of the project need, that described the designed diagnostic systems. The evaluation of gathered set of requirements may be done by using the specialized expert systems, that may be developed as part of proposed approach. The whole process related to gathering, writing and evaluation of requirements for the purpose of designing diagnostic system is presented in the article.
Adherence to standards of care by health maintenance organizations in Israel and the USA.

BACKGROUND The health-care systems in the USA and Israel differ in organization, financing and expenditure levels. However, managed care organizations play an important role in both countries, and a comparison of the performance of their community-based health plans could inform policymakers about ways to improve the quality of care. OBJECTIVE To compare the adherence to standards of care in Israel and in the USA. STUDY DESIGN An observational study comparing trends in performance using data from reports of the National Quality Measures Program in Israel and of the National Committee for Quality Assurance in the USA. RESULTS Differences in specifications preclude a comparison between most measures in the two reports. However, the comparison of 11 similar measures in the 2007 reports indicates that performance was higher in the USA by 10 or more percentage points on four measures (flu immunization, medication for asthma, screening for colorectal cancer and monitoring for diabetic nephropathy). Performance was higher in Israel on three measures in patients with diabetes (blood pressure, low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol and glycemic control), and similar on the remaining four measures. Between 2005 and 2007, quality of care improved in both countries. However, improvement was slower in the USA than in Israel. CONCLUSIONS In comparison with the USA, Israel achieves comparable health maintenance organization (HMO) quality on several primary care indicators and more rapid quality improvement, despite its substantially lower level of expenditure. Considering the differences between the two countries in settings and populations, further research is needed to assess the causes, generalizability and policy implications of these findings.
Disaffected democrats: Political attitudes and political action in Portugal

Three decades after the fall of the Portuguese authoritarian regime, support for democracy has become widespread among the mass public. However, similarities between Portugal and other more established democracies should not be overestimated. In most of the latter, several studies have found increasing political and civic activism on the part of pro-democratic and politically sophisticated citizens, who are nevertheless increasingly dissatisfied with democratic performance. However, the most prevalent and consequential attitudinal-behavioural syndrome in Portugal is less one of ‘democratic dissatisfaction’ than one of ‘democratic disaffection’, entailing low levels of political engagement and participation.
Psychopathology and treatment responsiveness of patients with first-episode schizophrenia

One hundred and four male patients hospitalized for the first time with the diagnosis of first-episode schizophrenia were comprehensively assessed on admission and discharge. Psychopathology, treatment response, and remission rates were evaluated (based on the Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS), severity of symptoms only). On admission, the most frequently observed symptoms were lack of judgment and insight (87.6%), suspiciousness/feelings of persecution (82.3%), delusions (77%), poor attention (70%), disturbance of volition (65.4%), conceptual disorganization (64.7%), and active social avoidance (64%). Except for delusions and hallucinations, the positive items of the PANSS correlated significantly with negative symptoms, and conceptual disorganization correlated with the greatest number of negative symptoms. Individual negative symptoms were present in about half the patients. At discharge, the most frequent symptoms were again lack of judgment and insight (in 55.7%), and for negative symptoms they were blunted affect (22.1%), emotional withdrawal (21.2%), and passive/apathetic social withdrawal (19.5%). The positive symptoms of suspiciousness/feelings of persecution and grandiosity persisted in 20.6% of patients. On average, all symptoms were significantly reduced 44 days after admission. The negative symptoms improved less, compared with the positive ones. At discharge there was a high rate of responders (response defined as minimal 30% reduction of total PANSS): 73% and 74% of patients fulfilled the criteria for remission. On admission, the responders (n = 76) had significantly higher scores of most symptoms, both positive and negative ones than nonresponders (n = 28).
A pilot study of activity-based therapy in the arm motor recovery post stroke: a randomized controlled trial

Objective: To determine the efficacy of activity-based therapies using arm ergometer or robotic or group occupational therapy for motor recovery of the paretic arm in patients with an acute stroke (≤4 weeks) admitted to an inpatient rehabilitation facility, and to obtain information to plan a large randomized controlled trial. Design: Prospective, randomized controlled study. Setting: Stroke unit in a rehabilitation hospital. Subjects: Thirty patients with an acute stroke (≤4 weeks) who had arm weakness (Medical Research Council grade 2 or less at the shoulder joint). Intervention: Occupational therapy (OT) group (control) (n = 10), arm ergometer (n = 10) or robotic (n = 10) therapy group. All patients received standard, inpatient, post-stroke rehabilitation training for 3 hours a day, plus 12 additional 40-minute sessions of the activity-based therapy. Main measures: The primary outcome measures were discharge scores in the Fugl-Meyer Assessment Scale for upper limb impairment, Motor Status Scale, total Functional Independence Measure (FIM) and FIM-motor and FIM-cognition subscores. Results: The three groups (OT group versus arm ergometer versus robotic) were comparable on clinical demographic measures except the robotic group was significantly older and there were more haemorrhagic stroke patients in the arm ergometer group. After adjusting for age, stroke type and outcome measures at baseline, a similar degree of improvement in the discharge scores was found in all of the primary outcome measures. Conclusion: This study suggests that activity-based therapies using an arm ergometer or robot when used over shortened training periods have the same effect as OT group therapy in decreasing impairment and improving disability in the paretic arm of severely affected stroke patients in the subacute phase.
Activation of Water in Titanium Dioxide Photocatalysis by Formation of Surface Hydrogen Bonds: An In Situ IR Spectroscopy Study.

The hole-driving oxidation of titanium-coordinated water molecules on the surface of TiO2 is both thermodynamically and kinetically unfavorable. By avoiding the direct coordinative adsorption of water molecules to the surface Ti sites, the water can be activated to realize its oxidation. When TiO2 surface is covered by the H-bonding acceptor F, the first-layer water adsorption mode is switched from Ti coordination to a dual H-bonding adsorption on adjacent surface F sites. Detailed in situ IR spectroscopy and isotope-labeling studies reveal that the adsorbed water molecules by dual H-bonding can be oxidized to O2 even in the absence of any electron scavengers. Combined with theoretical calculations, it is proposed that the formation of the dual H-bonding structure can not only enable the hole transfer to the water molecules thermodynamically, but also facilitate kinetically the cleavage of O-H bonds by proton-coupled electron transfer process during water oxidation.
CLOSE PHOTOGRAMMETRY AND LASER SCANNING USING A MOBILE MAPPING SYSTEM FOR THE HIGH DETAILED SURVEY OF A HIGH DENSITY URBAN AREA

The realization of an urban underground is a key issue for the development of any city, and it has to regard all problems linked to the project phase and the connections with many other works like railways, bus-lines and, specially for an ancient city like Bologna, historical buildings.For these reasons the Municipality of Bologna has committed the ultimate design of the underground line with a high standard level of precision; this aspect forces the Project Group to choose a survey method that has to be both accurate and not too expensive. In order to achieve a precise high resolution survey in a short time, a Mobile Mapping System vehicle has been used. The Road-Scanner” system is equipped with 2GPS+IMU sensors for navigation (Applanix POSLV), four cameras for close range photogrammetric survey and a Laser scanner FARO LS880. Moreover, in order to obtain good and homogeneous results a geodetic network (performed using GPS and topographic survey) has been made in some area along the track. In this contribute the authors, starting from the municipality requirements, describe all the performed work and analyze the obtained results.
Cultural Competence Training for Healthcare Professionals Working with LGBT Older Adults

The population of the aging lesbian, gay, bisexual and transgender (LGBT) community is significant and growing rapidly. As LGBT individuals age and begin to move into healthcare communities, they are fearful of apathy, discrimination, and abuse by healthcare providers and other residents. Person-centered cultural competence and sensitivity among service providers is necessary in order for LGBT individuals to share the same quality of life as other members of the aging community. Programming developed to educate healthcare professionals and aging-services providers on issues related to aging as an LGBT adult must be thoughtfully evaluated to show both efficacy and impact.
Strategic Decisions: Life History, Interpersonal Relations, Intergenerational Neurobiology, and Ethics in Parenting and Development

SYNOPSIS I review the preceding articles of this issue in the context of strategic decisions, decisions made in the context of uncertainty or risk. From a life history perspective, these decisions are made early in life to probabilistically increase procreative success under expected environmental conditions. They are made by both parents and offspring and instigated/supported by their correlated neurobiologies. Life history trajectories might best be decelerated via collective societal mobilization to support children and caregivers.
ASPIRATION LEVELS IN A LAND USE SIMULATION

The paper describes experiments with FEARLUS, an agent-based model of land use change. The agents are satisficing (rather than optimizing) decision-makers. The paper focuses on the effects of varying agents' aspiration threshold : the economic return an agent requires from a parcel of land to persist with the current land use. If the threshold is not reached, the agent chooses a land use at random to apply to that parcel in the next year. It is shown that the optimum level for the aspiration threshold is affected by environmental heterogeneity and the level of return required to break even.
Facing Up to Aging: Mid-Life Women's Attitudes toward Cosmetic Procedures

Despite the fact that mid-life and older women are a major consumer group for cosmetic procedures (e.g., botox, face lifts), few studies have been done on their attitudes toward these procedures and their willingness to undergo them. The purpose of the present study was to gather information about the popularity of these procedures among a group of 57 mid-life American women, examine whether some personality and attitudinal measures might predict attitudes toward these procedures, and consider the ramifications of the data for the treatment of women in feminist therapy. About one third (38.5%) of our sample had had one or more cosmetic procedures, and 81% said that they would have a procedure if cost were not an issue. Positive attitudes toward cosmetic surgery and preoccupation with being over-weight best predicted women's interest in cosmetic procedures. The popularity of these procedures is discussed in light of the double standard of aging and age discrimination, weight as a “normative discontent,” and the ubiquity of advertisements for, and normalization of, these procedures in the popular media.
The Person with Delusions

“And the end of our exploring Will be to arrive where we started And know the place for the first time. ” (Eliot, 1952, p. 145) In preparing this report I made the mistake of looking back in the literature, the literature not only of delusions, but also including some more general works of the earlier clinical writers, such as Birnbaum (1923), Conrad (1958), Jaspers (1963) and Kretschmer (1927). It was a humbling experience; these were obviously people who knew something about patients and about the realities of symptoms. For these writers, notions such as delusions were not just abstractions, not even just abstractions with operational definitions. These authors described real experiences of people, and their descriptions reflect the importance of studying patients from close clinical contact.