Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Power Controlled Scheduling with Consecutive Transmission Constraints: Complexity Analysis and Algorithm Design

We study the joint power control and minimum-frame-length scheduling problem in wireless networks, under the physical interference model and subject to consecutive transmission constraints. We start by investigating the complexity of the problem and present the first NP-completeness proof in the literature. We propose a polynomial-time approximation algorithm, called guaranteed and greedy scheduling (GGS) algorithm, to tackle this problem. We prove a bounded approximation ratio of the proposed algorithm relative to the optimal scheduling algorithm. Moreover, the proposed algorithm significantly outperforms the state-of-the-art related algorithm. Interestingly, our algorithm together with its bounded approximation ratio is applicable even when the consecutive transmission constraint is relaxed. To the best of our knowledge, the proposed algorithm is the first known polynomial-time algorithm with a proven bounded approximation ratio for the joint power control and scheduling problem under the physical interference model. We further demonstrate the performance and advantages of our algorithm through extensive simulations.
ORTA Ö⁄RET‹M Ö⁄RENC‹LER‹N‹N DERSLERE ‹LG‹LER‹N‹N BEL‹RLENMES‹ EVALUATING THE INTEREST OF HIGH SCHOOL STUDENTS IN LESSONS

OZET: Derse ilgi hem biliflsel hem de duyuflsal alana hitap ettiinden o¤renme icin onemli bir on kofluldur. Buna gore o¤rencile- rin derse ilgilerini art›rmak, daha yuksek baflar›y› ve kaliteli bir eitimi garantiler. Bu cal›flman›n amac› orta o¤retim o¤rencilerinin derslere ilgilerinin cinsiyete ve s›n›f seviyesine gore nas›l deifltiinin incelenmesidir. Araflt›rman›n cal›flma grubunu 2003-2004 o¤- retim y›l›nda Ankara'n›n farkl› sosyo-ekonomik bolgelerinden secilmifl orta o¤retim kurumlar›ndaki o¤renciler oluflturmaktad›r. O¤- rencilerin ilgileri bak›m›ndan cinsiyetler aras›nda fark›n olup olmad›¤› t-testi ile, s›n›flar aras›nda fark›n olup olmad›¤› ise tek yonlu varyans analizi uygulanarak belirlenmifltir. Araflt›rman›n sonuclar›na gore erkek o¤rencilerin en cok ilgi duyduklar› dersler s›ras›yla bilgisayar, beden eitimi, din kulturu ve ahlak bilgisi, matematik ve biyoloji iken, k›z o¤renciler s›ras›yla en cok bilgisayar, matema- tik, din kulturu ve ahlak bilgisi, yabanc› dil, Turk dili ve edebiyat› derslerine ilgi duymaktad›r. ‹ki grupta da en az ilgi duyulan ders- ler fizik ve resimdir. O¤rencilerin ilgileri bak›m›ndan cinsiyete gore anlaml› fark bulunan dersler fizik, yabanc› dil, Turk dili ve ede- biyat›, din kulturu ve ahlak bilgisi, beden eitimi ve bilgisayard›r. Hem k›z hem de erkek o¤rencilerde s›n›f seviyesine gore anlaml› fark›n bulunduu dersler ise corafya, tarih, edebiyat, bilgisayar ve yabanc› dildir. Anahtar Sozcukler : orta o¤retim, dersler, derse ilgi. ABSTRACT: Interest for lessons is an important prerequisite for learning as it addresses both the cognitive and affective fields. Therefore, increasing the interest of students in lessons guarantees more success and a more qualified education. The aim of this study is to examine how the interest of high school students in lessons differ with regard to gender and grade. High school students selec- ted from different sociocultural neighbourhoods of Ankara in 2003-2004 education year constitute the working group of the research. The gender differences with regard to interest for lessons are measured by t-test whereas grade differences are measured by unidirec- tional variance analysis. The results of the research show that the subjects that male students are most interested in are, respectively, computer, physical education, religious culture and knowledge, mathematics and biology while female students are most interested in, respectively, computer, mathematics, religious culture and knowledge, foreign language and Turkish language and literature. The lessons that both group of students are least interested in are physics and art. The lessons in which there are significant differences between sexes with regard to interest in lessons are physics, foreign language, Turkish language and literature, religious culture and knowledge, physical education and computer. The lessons in which there are significant differences between both male and female students of different grades are geography, history, literature, computer and foreign language.
Efficiency Analysis of the Australian Accommodation Industry

This article measures and compares performance in the accommodation industry across Australian states and territories. The authors specify a Bayesian frontier model and estimate the model using panel data spanning the period 1998 to 2009. The results indicate that there are differences in efficiency across states and territories and also between sectors. Empirical results show that the hotel sector is the most efficient, followed by the guest house and motel sector and, finally, the serviced apartment sector. The Bayesian regression results indicate that the key determinants of efficiency in the accommodation industry are the international attractiveness of the state or territory, the share of large accommodation providers in the sector, and the prevailing economic conditions within the state or territory. The findings that the efficiency measures differ across regions and types of sector indicate that adopting a holistic approach to policy formulation and implementation may not be appropriate to ensure competitiveness of the accommodation industry in Australia.
Backscattering Coefficients, Coherent Reflectivities, and Emissivities of Randomly Rough Soil Surfaces at L-Band for SMAP Applications Based on Numerical Solutions of Maxwell Equations in Three-Dimensional Simulations

We used Numerical Maxwell Model in 3-D Simulations (NMM3D) to study the backscattering coefficients, coherent reflectivities, and emissivities of soil surfaces using Gaussian random rough surfaces with exponential correlation functions. The surface area used is 8 by 8 square wavelengths. A total of close to 200 cases are computed by varying rms height, correlation length, and soil permittivity. We consider a 40° incidence angle. For each case, 15 realizations of rough surface profiles are generated, and 30 solutions of Maxwell equations are computed because of two polarizations. The method for solving the Maxwell equations is based on the Method of Moments (MoM) with Rao-Wilton-Glisson (RWG) basis functions. The solutions are accelerated by the sparse matrix canonical grid method implemented on parallel computing. The rms height varies up to 0.126 wavelength. The results are compared with the Dubois formulation, Small Perturbation Method (SPM), Kirchhoff Approximation (KA), and Advanced Integral Equation Model (AIEM). The NMM3D results are also compared with VV and HH backscatter data of soil surfaces where ground truth rms heights and correlation lengths were both measured. Good agreement is found between the NMM3D results and experimental measurement data. Based on the computed cases, interpolation tables are derived that can be directly applied to L-band active and passive microwave remote sensing of soil moisture, such as for the upcoming Soil Moisture Active and Passive (SMAP) mission.
Central changes in processing of mechanoreceptive input in capsaicin‐induced secondary hyperalgesia in humans.

1. Capsaicin, the algesic substance in chilli peppers, was injected intradermally in healthy human subjects. A dose of 100 micrograms given in a volume of 10 microliters caused intense pain lasting for a few minutes after injection and resulted in a narrow area of hyperalgesia to heat and a wide surrounding area of hyperalgesia to mechanical stimuli (stroking) lasting for 1‐2 h. 2. Nerve compression experiments with selective block of impulse conduction in myelinated (A) but not in unmyelinated (C) fibres indicated that afferent signals in C fibres contributed to pain from capsaicin injection and to heat hyperalgesia, whereas conduction in afferent A fibres was necessary for the perception of mechanical hyperalgesia. 3. Electrical intraneural microstimulation normally eliciting non‐painful tactile sensations was accompanied by pain when the sensation was projected to skin areas within the region of mechanical hyperalgesia induced by capsaicin injection. 4. The threshold for pain evoked by intraneural microstimulation was reversibly lowered and pain from suprathreshold stimulation was exaggerated during the period of mechanical hyperalgesia, regardless of lidocaine anaesthesia of the cutaneous innervation territory of the stimulated fibres. 5. The results indicate that hyperalgesia to stroking on a skin area surrounding a painful intradermal injection of capsaicin is due to reversible changes in the central processing of mechanoreceptive input from myelinated fibres which normally evoke non‐painful tactile sensations.
In young readers, the left hemisphere supports the link between temporal processing and phonological awareness

Phonological awareness, the ability to manipulate the sounds of language, is key for learning to read. The first step towards phonological competence is identification of syllables and rimes. In a continuous speech stream, syllables and rimes are marked by slow temporal rhythmic modulations, including changes in vowel intensity or amplitude rise time (ART). Prior work suggests that children's sensitivity to ART predicts reading ability and dyslexia across languages. Yet, little is known about the brain bases of this sensitivity that might be key to both language and reading acquisition. The present study explored the hypothesis that children's brain response to slow temporal modulations, tested with amplitude rise perception, relates to child reading acquisition. Fifteen young readers (ages 7–12) completed ART and a control intensity discrimination task during functional magnetic resonance imaging. Behavioral findings validated the link between ART sensitivity, language and literacy abilities in young readers. Neuroimaging findings showed that while bilateral temporal cortexes were active during the ART task, children with better phonological and ART abilities showed reduced brain activation in left temporal lobe. These findings suggest a link between amplitude rise perception and left-lateralized language abilities, and carry implications for better understanding of language, literacy, and reading disability across languages.
Pediatric patient safety in hospitals: a national picture in 2000.

OBJECTIVE To describe potential patient safety events for hospitalized children, examine associated factors, and explore impacts of safety events. METHODS The newly released Patient Safety Indicators (PSIs), developed by researchers at the Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality to identify potential in-hospital patient safety problems using administrative data, were applied to hospital discharge data. All 5.7 million discharge records for children younger than 19 years from 27 states in the 2000 Healthcare Cost and Utilization Project were analyzed for PSI events. Prevalence of PSI events and associations with patient-level and hospital-level characteristics were examined. Multivariate regression adjusting for patient severity of illness was used to estimate impacts of safety events in terms of excess length of stay, charges, and in-hospital mortality. RESULTS The prevalence of pediatric patient safety events is significant. PSI events occurred more frequently in the very young and those on Medicaid insurance, some of the most vulnerable hospitalized children. Regression analysis found that almost all PSIs are associated with significant and substantial increases in length of stay, charges, and in-hospital death. Using the estimates derived here and the actual number of cases identified in the 2000 data, we estimate that patient safety events incurred >1 billion dollars in excess charges for children alone in 2000. CONCLUSIONS Patient safety problems for hospitalized children occur frequently and with substantial impacts to our health care industry. Unmeasurable by this study are the additional "costs" and "burdens" of safety events that our patients are forced to handle. Additional work to describe and quantify better these outcomes in addition to ones measured here can help solidify the "business case" for patient safety efforts.
The biological effects of X-rays on mating types and conjugation of Paramecium bursaria.

1. Individuals of opposite mating type of Paramecium bursaria were irradiated with roentgen rays at dosages ranging from 100,000 r to 1,000,000 r in steps of 100,000 r.2. After 100,000 r, locomotion of the paramecia became markedly accelerated but with higher dosages locomotion was retarded. None was able to survive dosages of 700,000 r or more.3. Clones of P. bursaria have been established in the laboratory from specimens irradiated with 300,000 r-600,000 r. One result of such irradiation is the destruction of the contained green symbiotic zoochlorellae living with in the paramecia. A method is now available for the production of colorless clones of P. bursaria.4. Colorless P. bursaria as produced by irradiation have the same sex type as before irradiation. Such specimens readily mate and conjugate with members of the opposite sex type.5. Members of one mating type are more susceptible to x-rays than those of opposite mating type. This may in reality be only a racial, not a sexual difference.6. Paramecia.
Coalescing molecular evolution and DNA barcoding

The DNA barcoding concept (Woese et al. ; Hebert et al. ) has considerably boosted taxonomy research by facilitating the identification of specimens and discovery of new species. Used alone or in combination with DNA metabarcoding on environmental samples (Taberlet et al. ), the approach is becoming a standard for basic and applied research in ecology, evolution and conservation across taxa, communities and ecosystems (Scheffers et al. ; Kress et al. ). However, DNA barcoding suffers from several shortcomings that still remain overlooked, especially when it comes to species delineation (Collins & Cruickshank ). In this issue of Molecular Ecology, Barley & Thomson ( ) demonstrate that the choice of models of sequence evolution has substantial impacts on inferred genetic distances, with a propensity of the widely used Kimura 2‐parameter model to lead to underestimated species richness. While DNA barcoding has been and will continue to be a powerful tool for specimen identification and preliminary taxonomic sorting, this work calls for a systematic assessment of substitution models fit on barcoding data used for species delineation and reopens the debate on the limitation of this approach.
Expression of parathyroid hormone-related protein in human inflamed dental pulp.

INTRODUCTION The aim of this study was to investigate the presence and the role of the parathyroid hormone-related protein (PTH-rP) in the inflamed pulp. MATERIALS AND METHODS Thirty-four pulp tissue specimens (24 inflamed and 10 normal pulps) from extracted third molars were studied. The presence of PTH-rP was observed by using immunohistochemistry. Negative controls were performed using non immunized rabbit or mouse serum, omitting the primary antibody. RESULTS The analysis of all the sections of normal pulps showed the presence of PTHrP positive cells only in the odontoblastic zone and in few fibroblasts. Instead all inflamed pulps showed PTHrP positive cells both in vascular zone and in pulp stroma, as well as in the odontoblastic and subodontoblastic zone. CONCLUSION Several works proved that this peptide plays a role even in angiogenesis process, but its function is controversial. It is possible to hypothesize that PTHrP stimulates angiogenesis, but it is recommended to further conduct research on this area.
How Fire History, Fire Suppression Practices and Climate Change Affect Wildfire Regimes in Mediterranean Landscapes

Available data show that future changes in global change drivers may lead to an increasing impact of fires on terrestrial ecosystems worldwide. Yet, fire regime changes in highly humanised fire-prone regions are difficult to predict because fire effects may be heavily mediated by human activities We investigated the role of fire suppression strategies in synergy with climate change on the resulting fire regimes in Catalonia (north-eastern Spain). We used a spatially-explicit fire-succession model at the landscape level to test whether the use of different firefighting opportunities related to observed reductions in fire spread rates and effective fire sizes, and hence changes in the fire regime. We calibrated this model with data from a period with weak firefighting and later assess the potential for suppression strategies to modify fire regimes expected under different levels of climate change. When comparing simulations with observed fire statistics from an eleven-year period with firefighting strategies in place, our results showed that, at least in two of the three sub-regions analysed, the observed fire regime could not be reproduced unless taking into account the effects of fire suppression. Fire regime descriptors were highly dependent on climate change scenarios, with a general trend, under baseline scenarios without fire suppression, to large-scale increases in area burnt. Fire suppression strategies had a strong capacity to compensate for climate change effects. However, strong active fire suppression was necessary to accomplish such compensation, while more opportunistic fire suppression strategies derived from recent fire history only had a variable, but generally weak, potential for compensation of enhanced fire impacts under climate change. The concept of fire regime in the Mediterranean is probably better interpreted as a highly dynamic process in which the main determinants of fire are rapidly modified by changes in landscape, climate and socioeconomic factors such as fire suppression strategies.
Vers une détection à la source des activités malveillantes dans les clouds publics : application aux attaques de déni de service. (Toward a source based detection of malicious activities in public clouds : application to denial of service attacks)

Le cloud computing, solution souple et peu couteuse, est aujourd'hui largement adopte pour la production a grande echelle de services IT. Toutefois, des utilisateurs malveillants tirent parti de ces caracteristiques pour beneficier d'une plate-forme d'attaque prete a l'emploi dotee d'une puissance colossale. Parmi les plus grands beneficiaires de cette conversion en vecteur d’attaque, les botclouds sont utilises pour perpetrer des attaques de deni de service distribuees (DDoS) envers tout tiers connecte a Internet.Si les attaques de ce type, perpetrees par des botnets ont ete largement etudiees par le passe, leur mode operatoire et leur contexte de mise en œuvre sont ici differents et necessitent de nouvelles solutions. Pour ce faire, nous proposons dans le travail de these expose dans ce manuscrit, une approche distribuee pour la detection a la source d'attaques DDoS perpetrees par des machines virtuelles hebergees dans un cloud public. Nous presentons tout d'abord une etude experimentale qui a consiste a mettre en œuvre deux botclouds dans un environnement de deploiement quasi-reel hebergeant une charge legitime. L’analyse des donnees collectees permet de deduire des invariants comportementaux qui forment le socle d'un systeme de detection a base de signature, fonde sur une analyse en composantes principales. Enfin, pour satisfaire au support du facteur d'echelle, nous proposons une solution de distribution de notre detecteur sur la base d'un reseau de recouvrement pair a pair structure qui forme une architecture hierarchique d'agregation decentralisee
The Ethanol-Insoluble Phosphatides of Mammalian Liver.

The intravenous injection of heparin clears lipaemic sera as shown by many workers, and causes a redistribution of low density lipoproteins (Graham et al. 1951). We have studied its effect on the electrophoretic mobility of the serum lipoproteins in patients who are receiving heparin treatment, and find that both the a- and fi-lipoproteins are acceler- ated (cf. Comfort, 1953, 1954).
Response to Comment on "Status and Trends of Amphibian Declines and Extinctions Worldwide"

The first global assessment of amphibians provides new context for the well-publicized phenomenon of amphibian declines. Amphibians are more threatened and are declining more rapidly than either birds or mammals. Although many declines are due to habitat loss and overutilization, other, unidentified processes threaten 48% of rapidly declining species and are driving species most quickly to extinction. Declines are nonrandom in terms of species' ecological preferences, geographic ranges, and taxonomic associations and are most prevalent among Neotropical montane, stream-associated species. The lack of conservation remedies for these poorly understood declines means that hundreds of amphibian species now face extinction.
Fuzzy ontologies in semantic similarity measures

Ontologies are a fundamental part of the development of short text semantic similarity measures. The most known ontology used within the field was developed from the lexical database known as WordNet which is used as a semantic resource for determining word similarity using the semantic distance between words. The original WordNet does not include in its hierarchy fuzzy words - those which are subjective to humans and often context dependent. The recent development of fuzzy semantic similarity measures requires research into the development of different ontological structures which are suitable for the representation of fuzzy categories of words where quantification of words is undertaken by human participations. This paper proposes two different fuzzy ontology structures which are based on a human quantified scale for a collection of fuzzy words across six fuzzy categories. The methodology of ontology creation utilizes human participants to populate fuzzy categories and quantify fuzzy words. Each ontology is evaluated within a known fuzzy semantic similarity measure and experiments are conducted using human participants and two benchmark fuzzy word datasets. Correlations with human similarity ratings show only one ontological structure was naturally representative of human perceptions of fuzzy words.
A Statistical Model-Based Speech Enhancement Using Acoustic Noise Classification for Robust Speech Communication

In this paper, we present a speech enhancement technique based on the ambient noise classification that incorporates the Gaussian mixture model (GMM). The principal parameters of the statistical modelbased speech enhancement algorithm such as the weighting parameter in the decision-directed (DD) method and the long-term smoothing parameter of the noise estimation, are set according to the classified context to ensure best performance under each noise. For real-time context awareness, the noise classification is performed on a frame-by-frame basis using the GMM with the soft decision framework. The speech absence probability (SAP) is used in detecting the speech absence periods and updating the likelihood of the GMM. key words: statistical model-based speech enhancement, Gaussian mixture model, noise classification
Min-Max predictive control of a pilot plant using a QP approach

The practical implementation of min-max MPC (MMMPC) controllers is limited by the computational burden required to compute the control law. This problem can be circumvented by using approximate solutions or upper bounds of the worst possible case of the performance index. In a previous work, the authors presented a computationally efficient MMMPC control strategy in which a close approximation of the solution of the min-max problem is computed using a quadratic programming problem. In this paper, this approach is validated through its application to a pilot plant in which the temperature of a reactor is controlled. The behavior of the system and the controller are illustrated by means of experimental results.