Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Neurokinin2‐R in medial septum regulate hippocampal and amygdalar ACh release induced by intraseptal application of neurokinins A and B

The neurokinin receptors (NK‐R), NK2‐ and NK3‐R, have been implicated in behavioral processes, but apparently in opposite ways: while NK2‐R agonism disrupts memory and has anxiogenic‐like action, NK3‐R agonists facilitate memory and display anxiolytic‐like effects. Systemic application of NK2‐R antagonists block the release of acetylcholine (ACh) in the hippocampus, which is induced by intraseptal administration of the NK2‐R ligand, neurokinin A (NKA). We investigated the effects of medial septal injection of NKA and a preferred ligand of NK3‐R, neurokinin B (NKB), on the activity of cholinergic neurons of the basal forebrain and assessed the role of the medial septal NK2‐R in the control of extracellular ACh levels in cholinergic projection areas. ACh was dialysed in the frontal cortex, amygdala and hippocampus of anesthetized animals and was analysed by HPLC‐EC. ACh levels in hippocampus and amygdala, but not in frontal cortex were increased after intraseptal injection of either NKA or NKB (0.1, 1, 10 μM). Application of the nonpeptidic NK2‐R antagonist, saredutant SR48968 (1, 10, 100 pM), followed by NKA (1 μM) or NKB (10 μM) injection into the medial septum, blocked the ACh increase in hippocampus and amygdala. These results indicate that medial septal NK2‐R have an important role in mediating ACh release, for one, via the septal‐hippocampal cholinergic projection and, secondly, via direct or indirect route to the amygdala, but not frontal cortex. They also support the hypothesis that hippocampal cholinergic neurotransmission controls amygdala function suggesting that this interaction is regulated via NK2‐R in the medial septum. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Mitochondrial genome sequence of the Tibetan wild ass (Equus kiang)

The Tibetan wild ass, or kiang (Equus kiang) is endemic to the cold and hypoxic (4000–7000 m above sea level) climates of the montane and alpine grasslands of the Tibetan Plateau. We report here the complete nucleotide sequence of the E. kiang mitochondrial genome. Our results show that E. kiang mitochondrial DNA is 16,634 bp long, and predicted to encode all the 37 genes that are typical for vertebrates.
A novel motion tracking system for evaluation of functional rehabilitation of the upper limbs

Upper limb function impairment is one of the most common sequelae of central nervous system injury, especially in stroke patients and when spinal cord injury produces tetraplegia. Conventional assessment methods cannot provide objective evaluation of patient performance and the tiveness of therapies. The most common assessment tools are based on rating scales, which are inefficient when measuring small changes and can yield subjective bias. In this study, we designed an inertial sensor-based monitoring system composed of five sensors to measure and analyze the complex movements of the upper limbs, which are common in activities of daily living. We developed a kinematic model with nine degrees of freedom to analyze upper limb and head movements in three dimensions. This system was then validated using a commercial optoelectronic system. These findings suggest that an inertial sensor-based motion tracking system can be used in patients who have upper limb impairment through data integration with a virtual reality-based neuroretation system.
An Improved Approximation Ratio to the Partial-Terminal Steiner Tree Problem

We consider a generalization of both the classic Steiner tree problem and the terminal Steiner tree problem. Given a complete graph G = (V,E) with a metric cost function c:E → \BBQ ≥ and two proper subsets R ⊂ V and R' ⊆ R, a partial-terminal Steiner tree is a Steiner tree which contains all vertices in R such that all vertices in R' must be leaves. The partial-terminal Steiner tree problem is to find a partial-terminal Steiner tree of the minimum cost in G. The previously best-known approximation ratio of the problem is 2ρ, where ρ is the approximation ratio of the Steiner tree problem. In this paper, we improve the ratio from 2ρ to 2ρ- [(ρ)/(3ρ- 2)] - f, where f is a non-negative function whose value is between 0 and ρ- [(ρ)/(3ρ- 2)].
Symbolic-numeric Estimation of Parameters in Biochemical Models by Quantifier Elimination

The sequencing of complete genomes allows analyses of the interactions between various biological molecules on a genomic scale, which prompted us to simulate the global behaviors of biological phenomena on the molecular level. One of the basic mathematical problems in the simulation is the parameter optimization in the kinetic model for complex dynamics, and many estimation methods have been designed. We introduce a new approach to estimate the parameters in biological kinetic models by quantifier elimination (QE), in combination with numerical simulation methods. The estimation method was applied to a model for the inhibition kinetics of HIV proteinase with ten parameters and nine variables, and attained the goodness of fit to 300 points of observed data with the same magnitude as that obtained by the previous estimation methods, remarkably by using only one or two points of data. Furthermore, the utilization of QE demonstrated the feasibility of the present method for elucidating the behavior of the parameters and the variables in the analyzed model. Therefore, the present symbolic-numeric method is a powerful approach to reveal the fundamental mechanisms of kinetic models, in addition to being a computational engine.
Preparation and Characterization of Sn-Containing Glasses for Brachytherapy Applications

ABSTRACT Brachytherapy is one of the effective ways for cancer treatment. The β-emitter 123Sn isotope has a half-life of 129.2 days and might be a good candidate for brachytherapy application. In this study, crystallization behaviour and chemical durability of glass particles based on SiO2-SnO system, which were prepared by melting in an inert atmosphere and quenching in water, were investigated. Crystallinity of the glasses was characterized by X-ray diffractometery and chemical durability of the samples was measured in the simulated body fluid at 37°C for over 14 days. A glass containing 55 mol% SiO2 and 45 mol% SnO showed the best chemical resistance. According to differential thermal analysis, X-ray diffraction patterns, scanning electron microscopy and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy, SnSiO3 and SnO2 were crystallized in the glass during heat treatments at 720°, 800° and 900°C. Chemical resistance of the sample, which was assessed through Sn release from the specimens into SBF, was improved significantly after the mentioned heat-treatment procedure; moreover, the glass was not cytotoxic. Such specifications make such glass system suitable for brachytherapy application. GRAPHICAL ABSTRACT
Epistemic possibilities for constructive reasoning with open assumptions

For the verificationist principle of truth underlying intuitionistic logic and constructivism, semantic truth conditions for propositions are substituted by syntactically defined assertion conditions for judgments ([2]). Where the standard interpretation of such notion of truth is given in a language for arithmetic, far less clear is how to interpret it for the representation of rational knowledge processes. In this talk, I will show philosophical and logical issues involved by such task, and in particular for the required interepretation of open assumptions in Constructive Type Theory (CTT, [1]). In the first part of the talk, the crucial problem of assertion conditions for judgments will be illustrated, introducing epistemic modalities for formulae of the form (A true) and ♦(A true) (see [7] and [6]). Such judgmental modal operators express epistemic attitudes for assertion conditions and significantly extend the quantificational fragment of CTT. In the second part, some existent modal contextual type-theoretical calculi based on propositional modal operators are surveyed ([3], [4]) and then the alternative version based on their judgmental translation is introduced ([5]). Their interpretation requires a non-standard extension of the constructive definition of type to introduce separate truth constructors from verified and open assumptions. Judgmental modal operators are then used to internalize modes of correctness on truth expressions: necessity for standard constructive verification, possibility for provability up to refutation of contextual conditions.
The clinical and EMG assessment of the effects of stabilization exercise on nonspecific chronic neck pain: A randomized controlled trial.

BACKGROUND Neck pain is an important cause of disability. In spite of its high prevalence rate, treatment of the disorder is a challenging topic. Stabilization exercise has been the topic of many studies. OBJECTIVE To compare the effects of stabilization and routine exercises on chronic neck pain. METHODS Forty patients were randomly assigned into either stabilization or routine exercise groups and undertook a 10-week training program. Electromyographic (EMG) activity was recorded from Sternocleidomastoid (SCM), Anterior Scalene (AS) and Splenius Capitis (SC) muscles bilaterally. Endurance time of deep flexor muscles was measured by chronometer.Pain and disability were measured using Visual Analogue Scale (VAS) and neck disability index (NDI) questionnaire, respectively before and after training period. RESULTS Findings revealed significant decreased pain and disability in both groups after intervention (P< 0/001). Flexor muscles endurance of stabilization group was significantly increased compared with that of routine (P< 0/001). Also EMG activity of SCM, AS and SC muscles were significantly decreased in stabilization group compared with routine (P< 0/001). CONCLUSION Increased deep flexor endurance and decreased EMG activity of SCM, AS and SC muscles suggest an important role for stabilizing exercises on reducing the activity of superficial muscles in chronic neck pain.
Founding Agents' "Autonomy" on Dependence Theory

First I shortly recapitulate the claim that autonomy is a relational notion in relation with agenthood and delegation; second, I lead back autonomy to the theory of dependence. Then I deal with the main claim of this paper arguing how the dimensions of the agent's autonomy derives from its architecture and from the theory of action.
A Machine Reader for the Semantic Web

FRED is a machine reading tool for converting text into internally well-connected and quality linked-data-ready ontologies in web-service-acceptable time. It implements a novel approach for ontology design from natural language sentences, combining Discourse Representation Theory (DRT), linguistic frame semantics, and Ontology Design Patterns (ODP). The current version of the tool includes Earmark-based markup, and enrichment with word sense disambiguation (WSD) and named entity resolution (NER) off-the-shelf components.
Semantic-Based Subtree Crossover Applied to Dynamic Problems

Although many real world problems are dynamic in nature, the study of Genetic Programming in dynamic environments is still immature. This paper investigates the application of some recently proposed semantic-based crossover operators on a series of dynamic problems. The operators studied include Semantic Similarity based Crossover and the Most Semantic Similarity based Crossover. The experimental results show the advantage of using semantic-based crossovers when tackling dynamic problems.
Identification of potential complementary serum biomarkers to differentiate prostate cancer from benign prostatic hyperplasia using gel‐ and lectin‐based proteomics analyses

Diagnosis of prostate cancer (PCa) is currently much reliant on the invasive and time‐consuming transrectal ultrasound‐guided biopsy of the prostate gland, particularly in light of the inefficient use of prostate‐specific antigen as its biomarker. In the present study, we have profiled the sera of patients with PCa and benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) using the gel‐ and lectin‐based proteomics methods and demonstrated the significant differential expression of apolipoprotein AII, complement C3 beta chain fragment, inter‐alpha‐trypsin inhibitor heavy chain 4 fragment, transthyretin, alpha‐1‐antitrypsin, and high molecular weight kininogen (light chain) between the two groups of patients’ samples. Our data are suggestive of the potential use of the serum proteins as complementary biomarkers to effectively discriminate PCa from BPH, although this requires further extensive validation on clinically representative populations.
Path planning of the hybrid parallel robot for ankle rehabilitation

SUMMARY This paper presents a new configuration for ankle rehabilitation using a 9-DOF (degree of freedom) hybrid parallel robot. The robot contains nine linear actuators serially connecting two movable platforms and one stationary platform. The optimization is based on the singularity and dynamic analysis of the robot. The obtained data of the ankle motions from a series of experiments were applied to the model in order to investigate the motion of the end-effector and the force required for each actuator in a particular path. The end-effector tracking simulation results validated the proposed theoretical analysis of the required rehabilitation path of the foot.
Natural Language Processing in PROLOG

Chapter Objectives Natural language processing representations were presented Semantic relationships Conceptual graphs Verb-based case frames Prolog was used to build a series of parsers Context free parsers Deterministic Probabilistic Parsers Probabilistic measures for sentence structures and words Lexicalized probabilistic parsers capture word combination plausibility Context sensitive parsers Deterministic Recursive descent semantic net parsers Enforce word-based case frame constraints Because of its declarative semantics, built-in search, and pattern matching, Prolog provides an important tool for programs that process natural language. Indeed, natural language understanding was one of Prolog's earliest applications. As we will see with many examples in this chapter, we can write natural language grammars directly in Prolog, for example, context-free, context-sensitive, recursive descent semantic network, as well as stochastic parsers. Semantic representations are also easy to create in Prolog, as we see for conceptual graphs and case frames in Section 8.2. Semantic relationships may be captured either using the first-order predicate calculus or by a meta-interpreter for another representation, as suggested by semantic networks (Section 2.4.1) or frames (Sections 2.4.2 and 8.1). This not only simplifies programming, but also keeps a close connection between theories and their implementation. In Section 8.3 we present a context-free parser and later add context sensitivity to the parse Section 8.5. We accomplish many of the same justifications for context sensitivity in parsing, e.g., noun-verb agreement, with the various probabilistic parsers of Section 8.4. Finally, semantic
Drug interactions and pharmacogenomics in the treatment of breast cancer and depression.

Mrs. B is a 45 year old premenopausal female who was diagnosed with major depressive disorder 10 years ago and then successfully treated for 12 months with fluoxetine 20 mg daily without significant side effects from therapy. She remained free of depressive symptoms for the next 8-9 years. One year ago, she was diagnosed with estrogen receptor (ER) positive invasive breast cancer and underwent treatment with surgery, followed by chemotherapy, and then radiation therapy. Mrs. B. has been treated with the selective estrogen receptor modulator (SERM) tamoxifen for the past 6 months to reduce her likelihood of breast cancer recurrence. She has tolerated tamoxifen relatively well, except for moderately bothersome hot flashes for which she has received no pharmacologic therapy. Recently, however, she developed recurrent depressive symptoms and sought treatment from her psychiatrist. What pharmacologic agents are effective against both depression and hot flashes in women with breast cancer? Would any of these agents compromise the efficacy of tamoxifen or increase its toxicity through a drug-drug interaction?
Radiation-induced Alopecia

Sir, Radiotherapy is a common modality in cancer treatment and more than 50% of affected patients will eventually receive some form of radiotherapy as definite, preoperative, postoperative or palliative treatment. [1] Radiotherapy can result in certain inevitable side effects, radiation-induced cutaneous side effects that include acute and chronic radiodermatitis[2] and systemic side effects. [3] Skin may be injured as an ‘innocent bystander’ and develop profound alterations on functional, gross and molecular levels. [4] A 65-year-old man presented with a history of hair loss in the beard area while receiving radiotherapy for oropharyngeal carcinoma. Hair loss over the beard area was noted two weeks after the initiation of radiotherapy. There was no history of chemotherapy or surgery done for the tumor. Physical examination revealed 10×8 cm irregular patch of near total hair loss of the beard region [Figure 1]. The beard area was normal and exclamation-mark hairs were not visible; results of the pull test were normal. Excluding the diagnosis of alopecia areata may be difficult because the bald patch is devoid of inflammatory signs and hair loss is characterized by dystrophic hair. Figure 1 Radiation-induced alopecia It was not long before that the physiological effects of radiation were noticed. In April 1896, Daniel described epilation and a serious skin reaction after prolonged exposures; other reports soon followed, the realization that the large doses of X-rays produced harmful effects on the skin suggested that beneficial effects on skin diseases might be obtained with lower doses. In 1896, Freund of Vienna observed epilation by X-ray therapy of a large hairy nevus and followed this by treating various inflammatory diseases, including eczema, psoriasis and ringworm, with X-rays. [5] Irradiation-induced epilation is due to high susceptibility of anagen follicles to radiation. Loss of dystrophic hairs (anagen effluvium) due to acute damage to actively dividing matrix cells of anagen follicles is followed by telogen shedding due to premature catagen entry of follicles in late anagen. [6] 3GY produces complete, reversible anagen alopecia; permanent alopecia begins to occur at 5GY. [7 8] Complete hair regrowth generally occurs 2−4 months after irradiation in reversible type of radiation-induced alopecia. [6] Post-radiotherapy and permanent alopecia can be addressed by reconstructive surgery. [9] Use of nitroxides tempol and tempo, vitamin D3 and 16, 16-dimethyl prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) prior to radiation have been shown to protect against radiation-induced alopecia. [10–12] The present case is being reported for the awareness of the radiation-induced alopecia as radiotherapy is the commonly used modality for the treatment of head and neck carcinomas.
Association of RIGI with innate immunity of ducks to in fl uenza

GENETICS Correction for “Global analysis of trans-splicing in Drosophila,” by C. Joel McManus, Michael O. Duff, Jodi Eipper-Mains, and Brenton R. Graveley, which appeared in issue 29, July 20, 2010, of Proc Natl Acad Sci USA (107:12975–12979; first published July 1, 2010; 10.1073/pnas.1007586107). The authors note that, within the supporting information Web link “http://intron.ccam. uchc.edu/Graveley/Publications/ Publications.html” should be removed. Tables S1–S6 have been added to the online publication. The online version has been corrected.
Assessing the validity of commercial and municipal food environment data sets in Vancouver, Canada

Abstract Objective The present study assessed systematic bias and the effects of data set error on the validity of food environment measures in two municipal and two commercial secondary data sets. Design Sensitivity, positive predictive value (PPV) and concordance were calculated by comparing two municipal and two commercial secondary data sets with ground-truthed data collected within 800 m buffers surrounding twenty-six schools. Logistic regression examined associations of sensitivity and PPV with commercial density and neighbourhood socio-economic deprivation. Kendall’s τ estimated correlations between density and proximity of food outlets near schools constructed with secondary data sets v. ground-truthed data. Setting Vancouver, Canada. Subjects Food retailers located within 800 m of twenty-six schools Results All data sets scored relatively poorly across validity measures, although, overall, municipal data sets had higher levels of validity than did commercial data sets. Food outlets were more likely to be missing from municipal health inspections lists and commercial data sets in neighbourhoods with higher commercial density. Still, both proximity and density measures constructed from all secondary data sets were highly correlated (Kendall’s τ>0·70) with measures constructed from ground-truthed data. Conclusions Despite relatively low levels of validity in all secondary data sets examined, food environment measures constructed from secondary data sets remained highly correlated with ground-truthed data. Findings suggest that secondary data sets can be used to measure the food environment, although estimates should be treated with caution in areas with high commercial density.
Efficacy of Parasight F Test in Diagnosis of Falciparum Malaria

A rural hospital based study was conducted on children with clinical suspicion of malaria to evaluate the efficacy of the rapid diagnostic immunochromatographic test, Parasight F test in diagnosis of falciparum malaria compared to the gold standard, the peripheral blood smear. Blood samples from 105 children who presented with clinical suspicion of malaria(fever with splenomegaly) were investigated at the time of admission by both peripheral blood smear and the Parasight F test to detect the plasmodium falciparum species. Of the 63 confirmed cases of malaria, 23 children showed a positive result in the Parasight F test. The Parasight F test showed 100% sensitivity and 100% specificity for the diagnosis of falciparum malaria.
Recanalization within One Hour after Intravenous Tissue Plasminogen Activator Is Associated with Favorable Outcome in Acute Stroke Patients

Background/Aim: Early recanalization after tissue plasminogen activator (t-PA) infusion greatly improves outcome in stroke patients. However, the time threshold of early recanalization for a favorable outcome remains unclear. The aim of this study was to assess patient outcome 3 months after t-PA therapy among patients with early, delayed and without recanalization. Methods: Consecutive patients with major brain artery occlusion on magnetic resonance angiography (MRA) before t-PA infusion were enrolled. We divided the patients into 3 groups according to the findings of follow-up MRA 1 and 24 h after t-PA: the early group who had recanalization within 1 h after t-PA; the delayed group who had recanalization between 1 and 24 h, and the no recanalization group. We then assessed the outcomes (modified Rankin score 0–1) 3 months after t-PA therapy among the 3 groups. Results: A total of 92 patients (53 men, mean age 75.8 ± 10.3 years) were enrolled. A favorable outcome was most frequently observed in the early group (n = 39, 40.6%), followed by the delayed group (n = 25, 18.2%), and the no recanalization group (n = 28, 10.5%; p = 0.037). After adjusting for age, atrial fibrillation and NIHSS score, the adjusted OR for early recanalization when compared with no recanalization was 7.11 (95% CI 1.177–43.063; p = 0.032) for a favorable outcome, while the adjusted OR for delayed recanalization was 1.75 (95% CI 0.104–29.356; p = 0.698). Conclusion: Early recanalization within 1 h after intravenous t-PA is associated with a favorable outcome in stroke patients.