Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Distributed Workflow using HTTP: Example using Software Pre-requirements

Frequently process workflows are distributed collections of activities that involve groups of individuals at disparate locations. To coordinate these tasks, a process support system should provide for distributed process execution and integration with tools across networks. We describe the use of the Hypertext Transfer Protocol (HTTP), an increasingly ubiquitous technology, to provide a coordination mechanism for distributed process execution and tool integration. To make the distributed workflow and benefits of HTTP more illustrative, the demonstration will focus on a software pre-requirements process designed for the Applications Development Group of Pacific Bell, a major telecommunications company. This document routing and approval process was developed to support a major requirements engineering activity, where participants interact with applets in a web-browser to submit a document for approval.
From the corpus to the lexicon : the example of data models for verb subcategorization

This paper describes the integration of corpus-based syntactic subcate gorization frames and correlated semantic information into a large-scale, cross-theoretically informed lexical dat base for French (Romary et al. (2004)). This database is the first to implement the Lexical Markup Framework (LM F), an international initiative towards ISO standards for lexical databases (ISO TC 37/SC 4). The subcatego rization frames have been acquired via a dependency-based parser (Bick (2003)), whose verb lexicon is c urrently incomplete with respect to subcategorization frames. Therefore, we have implemented probabilistic filterin g as a post-parsing treatment using the binomial distribution. Building on our discussion of what semantic inform ation, e.g., participant roles, to include in the database, we describe how we plan to exploit our findings on s ubcategorization frames to derive this information via unsupervised learning techniques.
Exploring and visualizing tag relationships in photo sharing websites based on distributional representations

This paper presents a method for exploring and visualizing tag relationships in photo sharing websites based on distributional representations of tags. First, we find a representative distribution of a tag, which is summarized by the mean and covariance, using features of tagged photos. This distributional representation can jointly consider the semantic meaning of tags and their abstraction levels. Then, based on the representative distributions, we derive two kinds of semantic measures on tag relationships. The extracted information is visualized in a graphical network to facilitate the understanding of tag usage. Experiments conducted using tagged photos collected from Flickr show that our tag network is more coherent to human cognition than other networks constructed by conventional methods.
Environmental data inference through fuzzy clustering

Retrieving the relevant information from noisy environmental data is a difficult task, which requires advanced filtering techniques. This paper presents a method for extracting representative prototypes from a set of data containing daily and seasonal fluctuations. It is based on a combination of wavelet filtering and fuzzy clustering. Discriminating features are extracted with a Fuzzy Maximum Likelihood Estimates (FMLE) clustering algorithm, which was selected for its variable metric enabling the adaptation of the cluster shape and volume to the data. The results show that the discriminating power of this algorithm is considerable, as demonstrated by the application to two differing domains: the discrimination of dissolved oxygen circadian cycles in the Orbetello lagoon and the daily and seasonal fluctuations in photosynthesis in the Arno river. In both cases the isolated patterns have a clear ecological meaning and reveal the relevant ecosystem variations on differing time-scales.
Seaweed Based Bio Polymeric Film and Their Application: A Review on Hydrocolloid Polysaccharides

The objective of this paper is to discuss the potential of seaweed based polysaccharides as biopolymer in the formulation development and its allied applications. This review is an attempt to describe possible ways to produce environmental friendly bio packaging, bio textile, bio medicinal stuffs that can be at least slightly decomposed to smaller substances by the living organisms from marine algae. The main applications in food packaging and biomedicine are briefly mentioned followed by tentative applications in the domains of packaging, textile, paper and medical textiles which are described. This review also suggests new perspectives for future studies with these polymers.
Prefrontal Cell Activities Related to Monkeys' Success and Failure in Adapting to Rule Changes in a Wisconsin Card Sorting Test Analog

The cognitive flexibility to select appropriate rules in a changing environment is essential for survival and is assumed to depend on the integrity of prefrontal cortex (PFC). To explore the contribution of the dorsolateral PFC to flexible rule-based behavior, we recorded the activity of cells in this region of monkeys performing a Wisconsin Card Sorting Test (WCST) analog. The monkey had to match a sample to one of three test items by either color or shape. Liquid reward and a discrete visual signal (error signal) were given as feedback to correct and incorrect target selections, respectively. The relevant rule and its frequent changes were not cued, and the monkeys could find it only by interpreting the feedback. In one-third of cells, cellular activity was modulated by the relevant rule, both throughout the trial and between trials. The magnitude of the modulation correlated with the number of errors that the monkeys committed after each rule change in the course of reestablishing high performance. Activity of other cells differed between correct and error trials independently from the rule-related modulation. This difference appeared during actual responses and before the monkeys faced the problems. Many PFC cells responded to the error-signal presentation, and, in some of them, the magnitude of response depended on the relevant rule. These results suggest that the dorsolateral PFC contributes to WCST performance by maintaining the relevant rule across trials, assessing behavioral outcomes, and monitoring the processes that could lead to success and failure in individual trials.
A Cloud Tracing and Filtering Framework for Defensing Against Denial of Service Attacks

Cloud computing is Internet-based computing, whereby shared resources, software, and information are provided to computers and other devices on demand, like the electricity grid. One of the most serious threats to cloud computing itself comes from Denial of Service attacks, especially HTTP or XML-Based Denial of Service attacks. These types of attacks are simple and easy to implement by the attacker, but to security experts they are twice as difficult to stop. In this paper, we introduced a security service called Cloud Tracing & Filtering (CTF), which is like a service broker within a SOA model, and a back propagation neutral network called Cloud Shield, which was trained to detect and filter DoS attack traffic. And we also presented a solution to detect and trace through CTF to find the source of those attacks. The experimental results show that CTF is able to detect and filter most of the attack messages and to identify the source of the attack within a short period of time.
Multimodal Discrimination of Alzheimer’s Disease Based on Regional Cortical Atrophy and Hypometabolism

Structural MR image (MRI) and 18F-Fluorodeoxyglucose-positron emission tomography (FDG-PET) have been widely employed in diagnosis of both Alzheimer’s disease (AD) and mild cognitive impairment (MCI) pathology, which has led to the development of methods to distinguish AD and MCI from normal controls (NC). Synaptic dysfunction leads to a reduction in the rate of metabolism of glucose in the brain and is thought to represent AD progression. FDG-PET has the unique ability to estimate glucose metabolism, providing information on the distribution of hypometabolism. In addition, patients with AD exhibit significant neuronal loss in cerebral regions, and previous AD research has shown that structural MRI can be used to sensitively measure cortical atrophy. In this paper, we introduced a new method to discriminate AD from NC based on complementary information obtained by FDG and MRI. For accurate classification, surface-based features were employed and 12 predefined regions were selected from previous studies based on both MRI and FDG-PET. Partial least square linear discriminant analysis was employed for making diagnoses. We obtained 93.6% classification accuracy, 90.1% sensitivity, and 96.5% specificity in discriminating AD from NC. The classification scheme had an accuracy of 76.5% and sensitivity and specificity of 46.5% and 89.6%, respectively, for discriminating MCI from AD. Our method exhibited a superior classification performance compared with single modal approaches and yielded parallel accuracy to previous multimodal classification studies using MRI and FDG-PET.
Elevated Levels of the Chemokine GRO-1 Correlate with Elevated Oligodendrocyte Progenitor Proliferation in theJimpy Mutant

The dysmyelinating mutant jimpy(jp) arises from a point mutation in the mouse gene encoding proteolipid protein and is characterized by severe dysmyelination attributable to oligodendrocyte death. This mutant was used to investigate the regulation of oligodendrocyte progenitor proliferation in the postnatal spinal cord. At postnatal day 18,jp spinal cord contained a three- to eightfold greater number of proliferating oligodendrocyte progenitor cells than didwild-type (wt) spinal cord. Increased proliferation in jp spinal cord was accompanied by a twofold increase in the number of progenitor cells. Semiquantitative reverse transcriptase-PCR revealed no change in the level of mRNA encoding the platelet-derived growth factor A, transforming growth factor-β, or insulin-like growth factor-I, all of which have been implicated as regulators of proliferation and differentiation of oligodendrocyte progenitor cells. There was, however, a 17-fold increase in the level of mRNA encoding the chemokine GRO-1 and a 5- to 6-fold increase in GRO-1 protein in the jp spinal cord. Double immunofluorescence labeling revealed elevated levels of GRO-1 in reactive astrocytes in jp spinal cord white matter.In vitro studies indicated that extracts fromjp spinal cord stimulated oligodendrocyte progenitor proliferation. Furthermore, removal of GRO-1 from jpextracts by immunoprecipitation reduced the proliferation of progenitor cells to a level similar to that achieved by wtextracts. These findings suggest a novel mechanism by which proliferation of oligodendrocyte progenitor cells is regulated in the postnatal spinal cord in response to insult.
Control of Laminar Separation Bubbles Using Instability Waves

This paper presents detailed investigations related to active transition control in laminar separation bubbles. The investigations rely on direct numerical simulations based on the complete Navier-Stokes equations for a flat-plate boundary layer. A laminar separation bubble is created by imposing a streamwise adverse pressure gradient at the freestream boundary of the integration domain. Different steady and unsteady boundary layer disturbances are then introduced at a disturbance strip upstream of separation and their effects on the separation bubble are studied. It is shown that the size of the separated region can be controlled most efficiently by very small periodic oscillations, which lead to traveling instability waves that grow to large levels by the hydrodynamic instability of the flow. Indications for the preferred frequency of these waves can be obtained from linear stability theory, but since the problem is nonlinear, only direct numerical simulations can really qualify or disqualify the predictions. Overall, it turns out that unsteady two- or three-dimensional disturbances have a stronger impact on the size of the bubble than steady disturbances, because they directly provide initial amplitudes for the laminar-turbulent transition mechanism.
The Abundance of Deleterious Polymorphisms in Humans

Here I show a gradual decline in the proportion of deleterious nonsynonymous SNPs (nSNPs) from tip to root of the human population tree. This study reveals that up to 48% of nSNPs specific to a single genome are deleterious in nature, which underscores the abundance of deleterious polymorphisms in humans.
Genetic and environmental aetiology of the dimensions of Callous-Unemotional traits

Background A Callous-Unemotional trait specifier (termed ‘Limited Prosocial Emotions’) was added to the diagnosis of conduct disorder in DSM-5. The Inventory of Callous-Unemotional Traits (ICU) is a comprehensive measure of these traits assessing three distinct, yet correlated dimensions – Callousness, Uncaring, and Unemotional – all thought to reflect the general Callous-Unemotional construct. The present study was the first to examine the degree to which the aetiology of these dimensions is shared v. independent. Method Parent-reported ICU data from 5092 16-year-old twin pairs from the Twins Early Development Study were subjected to confirmatory factor analysis. Multivariate genetic modelling was applied to the best-fitting structure. Results A general-specific structure, retaining a general factor and two uncorrelated specific factors (Callousness-Uncaring, Unemotional), provided the best fit to the data. The general factor was substantially heritable (h2 = 0.58, 95% CI 0.51–0.65). Unusually, shared environmental influences were also important in accounting for this general factor (c2 = 0.26, 95% CI 0.22–0.31), in addition to non-shared environmental influences. The Unemotional dimension appeared phenotypically and genetically distinct as shown by the substantial loadings of unemotional items on a separate dimension and a low genetic correlation between Unemotional and Callousness-Uncaring. Conclusions A general factor, indicative of a shared phenotypic structure across the dimensions of the ICU was under substantial common genetic and more modest shared environment influences. Our findings also suggest that the relevance of the Unemotional dimension as part of a comprehensive assessment of CU traits should be investigated further.
Stacking Bagged and Boosted Forests for Classification of Noisy and High-Dimensional Data

Floresta Aleatoria (FA) e uma das estrategias mais bem-sucedidas para tarefas de classificacao automatica. Motivado por seu grande sucesso, recem-propostos metodos baseados em FA tem alavancado a ideia central da RF de agregar um grande conjunto de arvores de decisao com baixa correlacao, que e inerentemente paralelizavel e prove capacidade excepcional de generalizacao. Nesse contexto, esse trabalho prove varias novas contribuicoes para essa linha de pesquisa. Primeiramente, nos propomos uma nova estrategia baseada em FA (BERT) que aplica a tecnica de \textit{boosting} em arvores extremamente aleatorias com \textit{bagging}. Segundo, nos demonstramos empiricamente que essa nova estrategia, assim como os recem-propostos classificadores BROOF e LazyNN\_RF complementam uns aos outros, motivando-nos a empilha-los a fim de produzir um metodo ainda mais eficaz. Ate onde sabemos, esse e a primeira estrategia que efetivamente combina as tres principais estrategias de comite de classificadores: empilhamento, \textit{bagging} (a base da FA) e \textit{boosting}. Por ultimo, nos exploramos as instâncias \textit{out-of-bag (OOB)} para empilhar, eficientemente e sem vies, metodos baseados em \textit{bagging}, desse modo diminuindo consideravelmente o custoso processo de treino do procedimento de empilhamento. Nossos experimentos cobrindo dois dominios ruidosos e com alta dimensionalidade - classificacao de topicos e sentimentos - prove forte evidencia em favor dos beneficios de nossas solucoes baseadas em FA. Nos mostramos que o BERT esta dentre os classificadores de mais alta efetividade na vasta maioria dos casos analisados, mantendo os beneficios unicos da FA (interpretabilidade, paralelizacao, facil parametrizacao, capacidade de lidar com dados heterogeneos e valores faltantes).
Space-efficient online approximation of time series data: Streams, amnesia, and out-of-order

In this paper, we present an abstract framework for online approximation of time-series data that yields a unified set of algorithms for several popular models: data streams, amnesic approximation, and out-of-order stream approximation. Our framework essentially develops a popular greedy method of bucket-merging into a more generic form, for which we can prove space-quality approximation bounds. When specialized to piecewise linear bucket approximations and commonly used error metrics, such as L2 or L∞, our framework leads to provable error bounds where none were known before, offers new results, or yields simpler and unified algorithms. The conceptual simplicity of our scheme translates into highly practical implementations, as borne out in our simulation studies: the algorithms produce near-optimal approximations, require very small memory footprints, and run extremely fast.
Analysis of performance of the optimized divertor in ITER

The paper describes the results of a physics analysis of a modified divertor cassette for ITER. The issues addressed are the impact on the operational window, the effect of gas leaks through the broader gaps between the divertor cassettes and radiation power loading of different components of the cassettes. The analysis shows that the new design ensuring more flexibility for ITER operation remains acceptable within the framework of the usual trade-off between the target power loading and helium removal efficiency. The radiation load on the side walls of the cassette structures in the inter-cassette gaps is identified as a design constraint not previously considered.
Chromophore switch from 11‐cis‐dehydroretinal (A2) to 11‐cis‐retinal (A1) decreases dark noise in salamander red rods

Dark noise, light‐induced noise and responses to brief flashes of light were recorded in the membrane current of isolated rods from larval tiger salamander retina before and after bleaching most of the native visual pigment, which mainly has the 11‐cis‐3,4‐dehydroretinal (A2) chromophore, and regenerating with the 11‐cis‐retinal (A1) chromophore in the same isolated rods. The purpose was to test the hypothesis that blue‐shifting the pigment by switching from A2 to A1 will decrease the rate of spontaneous thermal activations and thus intrinsic light‐like noise in the rod. Complete recordings were obtained in five cells (21°C). Based on the wavelength of maximum absorbance, λmax,A1= 502 nm and λmax,A2= 528 nm, the average A2 : A1 ratio determined from rod spectral sensitivities and absorbances was ∼0.74 : 0.26 in the native state and ∼0.09 : 0.91 in the final state. In the native (A2) state, the single‐quantum response (SQR) had an amplitude of 0.41 ± 0.03 pA and an integration time of 3.16 ± 0.15 s (mean ±s.e.m.). The low‐frequency branch of the dark noise power spectrum was consistent with discrete SQR‐like events occurring at a rate of 0.238 ± 0.026 rod−1 s−1. The corresponding values in the final state were 0.57 ± 0.07 pA (SQR amplitude), 3.47 ± 0.26 s (SQR integration time), and 0.030 ± 0.006 rod−1 s−1 (rate of dark events). Thus the rate of dark events per rod and the fraction of A2 pigment both changed by ca 8‐fold between the native and final states, indicating that the dark events originated mainly in A2 molecules even in the final state. By extrapolating the linear relation between event rates and A2 fraction to 0% A2 (100% A1) and 100% A2 (0% A1), we estimated that the A1 pigment is at least 36 times more stable than the A2 pigment. The noise component attributed to discrete dark events accounted for 73% of the total dark current variance in the native (A2) state and 46% in the final state. The power spectrum of the remaining ‘continuous’ noise component did not differ between the two states. The smaller and faster SQR in the native (A2) state is consistent with the idea that the rod behaves as if light‐adapted by dark events that occur at a rate of nearly one per integration time. Both the decreased level of dark noise and the increased SQR amplitude must significantly improve the reliability of photon detection in dim light in the presence of the A1 chromophore compared to the native (A2) state in salamander rods.
Perceptions of self-esteem training for elementary school-aged children.

PERCEPTIONS 01'' FOR ELEMENTARY SELF-ESTEEM TRAINING SCHOOL-ACED CHILDREN MAY 1987 NINA MEYERHOF LYNN, B.A., CCNY M.A., COLUMBIA UNIVERSITY M.A., KEENE STATE COLLEGE C.A. C.S. , UNIVERSITY OF MASSACHUSETTS Ed.D. , UNIVERSITY OF MASSACHUSETTS Directed by: Professor Harvey Scribner A child's level of personal self-esteem has often been considered relevant to school success. The purpose of this study was to offer, examine, and analyze self-esteem training in the development process of improving self¬ esteem in elementary school-aged children. The self-esteem training model used in this project was developed by the author. The model was adapted from other behavioral change models reported in the literature. The project was conducted in three third—grade class¬ rooms in rural Vermont. The treatment mode was as follows: 1. Two of the three teachers involved received train¬ ing in the application of the model. 2 All of the parents from one of the three teachers class were invited to attend a planned self-esteem workshop
Temporal pattern recognition via temporal networks of temporal neurons

We show that real valued continuous functions can be recognized in a reliable way, with good generalization ability using an adapted version of the Liquid State Machine (LSM) that receives direct real valued input. Furthermore this system works without the necessity of preliminary extraction of signal processing features. This avoids the necessity of discretization and encoding that has plagued earlier attempts on this process. We show this is effective on a simulated signal designed to have the properties of a physical trace of human speech. The main changes to the basic liquid state machine paradigm are (i) external stimulation to neurons by normalized real values and (ii) adaptation of the integrate and fire neurons in the liquid to have a history dependent sliding threshold (iii) topological constraints on the network connectivity.
High Throughput of WiMAX MIMO OFDM Including Adaptive Modulation and Coding

WiMAX technology is based on the IEEE 802.16 specification of which IEEE 802.16-2004 and 802.16e amendment are Physical (PHY) layer specifications. IEEE 802.16-2004 currently supports several multiple-antenna options including Space-Time Codes (STC), Multiple-Input Multiple-Output (MIMO) antenna systems and Adaptive Antenna Systems (AAS). The most recent WiMAX standard (802.16e) supports broadband applications to mobile terminals and laptops. Using Adaptive Modulation and Coding (AMC) we analyze the performance of OFDM physical layer in WiMAX based on the simulation results of Bit Error Rate (BER), and data throughput. The performance analysis of OFDM PHY is done. In this paper, an extension to the basic SISO mode, a number of 2 by 2 MIMO extensions are analysed under different combinations of digital modulation (QPSK, 16QAM and 64QAM) and Convolutional Code (CC) with half, two-third and three quarter rated codes. The intent of this paper is to provide an idea of the benefits of multiple antenna systems over single antenna systems in WiMAX type deployments.