Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Data Analytics in the Pharmacology Domain

Data mining approaches such as natural language processing play a fundamental role in the healthcare sector and, exclusively, the pharmacology domain. The substantial feedback and experiences shared by the patients on different drugs are employed to perform opinion mining on the reviews, which will help the decision-makers to improve the medications' quality and provide the optimal medical outcomes. Based on that, the drug review data set from the UCI machine learning repository is used. The objective of this study is to conduct a sentiment analysis of the patients' reviews to obtain their satisfaction with different drugs using the random forest (RF) machine learning model. In addition, finding out the best drugs for different conditions based on patients' reviews is done by implementing the long short-term memory. Finally, the authors predict the patients' medical conditions based on their reviews by performing the support vector machine and RF classifiers. The knowledge of the patients' medical condition and satisfaction will lead to a noticeable improvement in the pharmaceutical and medical consequences.
The linear sampling method in inverse electromagnetic scattering theory

We survey the linear sampling method for solving the inverse scattering problem for time-harmonic electromagnetic waves at fixed frequency. We consider scattering by an obstacle as well as scattering by an inhomogeneous medium both in and . Included in our discussion is the use of regularization methods for ill-posed problems and numerical examples in both two and three dimensions.
A comprehensive survey of whale optimization algorithm: modifications and classification

Whale optimization algorithm (WOA) is an emerging nature-inspired, swarm-intelligence based algorithm to solve optimization problems more efficiently. This algorithm is based on the bubble-net hunting strategy of the humpback whales. It has gained immense popularity among researchers, typically, due to its simple nature, fast convergence, and having minimum parameters. In the recent past, it has been widely adopted in various fields including data mining, machine learning, wireless sensor networks, cloud computing, civil engineering, and power systems due to its optimal performance. The WOA has given competitive results in comparison to the state-of-the-art optimization algorithms. In this study, we aim to present a comprehensive survey of WOA consisting of more than eighty existing variants of WOA. More specifically, we intend to put forward key aspects of WOA variants with reference to modifications and applications. Further, we classify the most dominant variants of WOA in distinct categories based on modification area such as equation modification, parameter tuning or the problem space for which an algorithm has been specifically altered. We believe that this study will be beneficial for the community working on optimization problems and it can serve as a basis for understanding the modification and improvement process of an optimization algorithm.
A Case Study of Canine Transmissible Venereal Tumour in Community Dog

Dogs the first animals to be associated with humans have suffered most in unplanned urbanised societies. Community dogs are of serious health and safety problems in developing countries and many are seen suffering in the streets with various problems. Canine transmissible venereal tumour (CTVT), an only transmittable oncogenic disease seen frequently in these community dogs. Veterinary Teaching Hospital (VTH) located at Paklihawa Campus, Institute of Agriculture and Animal Science (IAAS). Tribhuvan University (TU) is the major centre for canine health care in Nepal. A dog was brought with complaints of bleeding from the rear and visible reddish mass. The mass in the genital region was diagnosed to be venereal tumour by cell cytology. For the treatment of CTVT, surgical intervention along with chemotherapy (vincristine @0.025mg/ Kg) was done. To remove the ectoparasite, amitraz bath and ivermectin (0.2mg/Kg) was used. The dog completely recovered and it was returned in its original territory.
Micromagnetic simulation of a flux guide for a read head with sub-100 nm resolution

Large scale 3D micromagnetic simulations are performed on single pole read heads with pole tip cross sections of 45345 and 1003200 nm. It is shown that tips with these dimensions have a much higher output than predicted by an analytical theory using the reciprocity theorem. The larger of these tips still behaves in a relatively soft manner and has an output waveform shape very close to the one predicted by the analytical model. The response of the small tip however is hysteretic.
BIPOLAR COORDINATES AND PLOTTERS

ABSTRACT In responding to pressures from other areas of the subject, mathematics curricula, whether for mathematicians or engineers, tend to place less emphasis than before on both sketching and general knowledge of plane curves given in Cartesian or polar form. However, the arrival of computer graphics makes this area instantly accessible and removes one of its main drawbacks - that it was too time consuming. In the event of a revival of interest in plane curves, the use of bipolar coordinates is proposed as a further topic which offers the student opportunities for programming, links with science, and a range of simply stated problems for solution and investigation. * This paper is an enlarged version of one given at the Sixth European Seminar on Mathematics in Engineering Education, Budapest - Balatonfured, 10–13 April 1991 [4].
Hierarchical Linear Modeling Approach to Measuring the Effects of Class Size and Other Classroom Characteristics on Student Learning in an Active-Learning Based Introductory Physics Course

The effect of class size on student learning has numerous policy implications and has been a major subject of conversation and research for decades. Despite this, few studies have been done on class size in the context of university settings or physics courses. After discussing some of the reasoning behind hierarchical linear modeling (HLM) as well as how to interpret the results of an HLM analysis while grounding this study in measurement theory as it applies to course grades, this paper goes on to examine the effect of class size in active-learning based introductory physics courses using a series of hierarchical linear models. It is found that class size over the ranges studied does not have a significant effect on student grades which were used as a proxy for student understanding of the underlying material. However, a variety of issues and limitations means this is certainly not the end of the story and there is still much to be done and discussed when it comes to these courses and the various factors which affect student achievement in them, both theoretically and empirically.
Genome-Wide Identification, Characterization, and Expression Analysis of CHS Gene Family Members in Chrysanthemum nankingense

The chalcone synthase (CHS) gene family catalyzes the first committed step in the biosynthesis of flavonoids and plays key roles in various biological processes in plants. However, systematic studies of the CHS gene family in chrysanthemum remain unknown to date. In this study, 16 CnCHS genes were identified by searching the complete genome sequence of Chrysanthemum nankingense. Most contained two exons and one intron with Chal-sti-synt_N and Chal-sti-synt_C domains. A phylogenetic tree of CnCHSs indicated divergence into three major groups, including I, II, and III. Analyses of the genes and promoters of these genes indicated that there are many cis-acting elements that respond to light, phytohormones, stress, and developmental stages. The CnCHS genes have extensive patterns of expression in various tissues and stages of flower development. Tandemly repeated and segmental repeat genes were expressed at higher levels in different tissues than most of the CnCHS genes that have been identified. CnCHS10 is expressed at higher levels in various flower organs than in vegetative tissues, particularly in disc floret petals and pistils. Our study provides valuable information for the systematic analysis of the CnCHS gene family, which also contributes to further research on flavonoid synthesis and petal colors of chrysanthemum.
Numerical methods for General Relativistic particles

Abstract We present recent developments on numerical algorithms for computing photon and particle trajectories in the surrounding of compact objects. Strong gravity around neutron stars or black holes causes relativistic effects on the motion of massive particles and distorts light rays due to gravitational lensing. Efficient numerical methods are required for solving the equations of motion and compute i) the black hole shadow obtained by tracing light rays from the object to a distant observer, and ii) obtain information on the dynamics of the plasma at the microscopic scale. Here, we present generalized algorithms capable of simulating ensembles of photons or massive particles in any spacetime, with the option of including external forces. The coupling of these tools with GRMHD simulations is the key point for obtaining insight on the complex dynamics of accretion disks and jets and for comparing simulations with upcoming observational results from the Event Horizon Telescope.
Epitaxially strained [001]-(PbTiO$_3$)$_1$(PbZrO$_3$)$_1$ superlattice and PbTiO$_3$ from first principles

The effect of layer-by-layer heterostructuring and epitaxial strain on lattice instabilities and related ferroelectric properties is investigated from first principles for the [001]-(PbTiO$_3$)$_1$(PbZrO$_3$)$_1$ superlattice and pure PbTiO$_3$ on a cubic substrate. The results for the superlattice show an enhancement of the stability of the monoclinic r-phase with respect to pure PbTiO$_3$. Analysis of the lattice instabilities of the relaxed centrosymmetric reference structure computed within density functional perturbation theory suggests that this results from the presence of two unstable zone-center modes, one confined in the PbTiO$_3$ layer and one in the PbZrO$_3$ layer, which produce in-plane and normal components of the polarization, respectively. The zero-temperature dielectric response is computed and shown to be enhanced not only near the phase boundaries, but throughout the r-phase. Analysis of the analogous calculation for pure PbTiO$_3$ is consistent with this interpretation, and suggests useful approaches to engineering the dielectric properties of artificially structured perovskite oxides.
Quasi One-Dimensional Bosons in Three-dimensional Traps: From Strong Coupling to Weak Coupling Regime

We analyze a recent experiment on a Tonks-Girardeau gas of {sup 87}Rb atoms [T. Kinoshita, T. Wenger, and D.S. Weiss, Science 305, 1125 (2004)]. We find that the experimental data are compatible with the one-dimensional theory of Lieb, Seiringer, and Yngvason [Phys. Rev. Lett. 91, 150401 (2003)] but are better described by a theory that takes into account variations in the transverse width of the atomic cloud. By using this theory we investigate also the free axial expansion of the {sup 87}Rb gas in different regimes, Tonks-Girardeau gas, one-dimensional Bose-Einstein condensate and three-dimensional Bose-Einstein condensate.
Foliar Application of Spermidine Alleviates Waterlogging-Induced Damages to Maize Seedlings by Enhancing Antioxidative Capacity, Modulating Polyamines and Ethylene Biosynthesis

Waterlogging is a major threat to maize production worldwide. The exogenous application of spermidine is well known to enhance plant tolerance to abiotic stresses. The role of exogenous spermidine application in waterlogging tolerance in maize was investigated in this study. Two maize varieties (a waterlogging-tolerant variety: Xundan 20 (XD20) and a waterlogging-sensitive variety: Denghai 662 (DH662)) were subjected to waterlogging stress at the seedling stage, and then foliar spraying of 0.75 mM spermidine or purified water. Findings demonstrated lower chlorophyll content, reduced growth indices, considerable increase in superoxide anion (O2−) generation rate, and H2O2/malondialdehyde accumulation in the two maize varieties under waterlogging stress compared to the control treatment. However, the tolerance variety performed better than the sensitive one. Foliar application of spermidine significantly increased antioxidant enzyme activities under waterlogging stress. In addition, the application of spermidine increased polyamine levels and led to the reduction of ethylene levels under waterlogging. Consequences of spermidine application were most apparent for the waterlogging-sensitive cultivar DH662 under waterlogging than the waterlogging-tolerant variety XD20.
Understanding the Role of Support in Digital Mental Health Programs With Older Adults: Users’ Perspective and Mixed Methods Study

Background Digital mental health interventions have the potential to increase mental health support among isolated older adults. However, the older adult population can experience several barriers to accessing and using digital health resources and may need extra support to experience its benefits. Objective This paper aimed to understand what older adults experience as an important aspect of support during engagement in a digital mental health program. The program entailed 3 months of staff support to participate in digital literacy training and engage with the digital mental health platform myStrength, which offers support for a range of mental health challenges, including depression and anxiety. Methods A total of 30 older adults participated in surveys and interviews to assess their experience of participating in a digital mental health program provided by county mental health services. As part of the program, participants attended 4 classes of digital literacy training, had access to the digital mental health platform myStrength for 2 months with staff support (and 10 months after the program without support), and received support from program staff during the entire 3-month program. Survey data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, and interview data were analyzed using thematic analysis. Results A thematic analysis of the interview data revealed that participants valued ongoing support in 3 main areas: technical support to assist them in using technology, guided support to remind them to use myStrength and practice skills they had learned, and social support to enable them to connect with others through the program. Furthermore, participants reported that social connections was the most important aspect of the program and that they were mainly motivated to participate in the program because it was recommended to them by trusted others such as a community partner or because they believed it could potentially help others. Conclusions Our findings can be used to inform the design of future digital mental health programs for older adults who may have unique support needs in terms of dedicated technical support and ongoing guided support to use technology and social support to increase social connectedness.
Spectroscopic follow-up of double quasar candidates

We report the results of an optical spectroscopic follow-up of four double quasar candidates in the Sloan Digital Sky Survey (SDSS) database. SDSS J1617+3827 is most likely a lensed quasar at z = 2.079, consisting of two images with r ~ 19-21 and separated by ~ 2 arcsec. We identify an extended source northeast of the brightest image as an early-type lensing galaxy at z = 0.602, and detect a candidate for the main deflector in the vicinity of the faintest image. SDSS J2153+2732 consists of two distinct but physically associated quasars at z ~ 2.24 (r ~ 19-20, separation of 3.6 arcsec). Although this system might be a binary quasar, there is evidence of a collision or merger within a galaxy cluster at an early stage. The other two candidates are projected pairs of active galactic nuclei: SDSS J1642+3200 (separation of ~ 3 arcsec) comprises a distant quasar (r ~ 18) at z = 2.263 and the active nucleus (r > 20) of a galaxy at z ~ 0.3, while SDSS J0240-0208 (r ~ 18-19, separation of ~ 1 arcsec) is a pair of quasars at z = 1.687 and z = 1.059. In each of these two systems, the background quasar only suffers a weak gravitational lensing effect by the host galaxy of the foreground active nucleus, so the host galaxy mass is constrained to be less than (2.9-3) x 10^{11} solar masses inside 10 kpc.
Nonlinear motion of non-uniform current-vortex sheets in magnetohydrodynamic flows

Nonlinear motion of vortex sheets with non-uniform current is investigated using the vortex blob method. We show that the current induced on a vortex sheet leads to a strong amplification of the magnetic field when the Lorentz force term in the governing equation is sufficiently small. When the Lorentz force term is large, an oscillation due to the Alfvén wave appears and the nonlinear growth is suppressed. We present various interfacial profiles depending on the magnitude of the Atwood number (density ratio) and Lorentz force, and discuss the complicated motion of non-uniform current-vortex sheets.
Ranirestat Improves Electrophysiologic but not Clinical Measures of Diabetic Polyneuropathy: A Meta-Analysis

Ranirestat, an aldose reductase inhibitor evaluated in several randomised controlled trials (RCTs) in diabetic peripheral neuropathy (DPN). However, to date, no meta-analysis has evaluated the efficacy and safety of ranirestat in DPN. We undertook this meta-analysis to address this knowledge gap. Detailed search of electronic databases for RCTs published till December 2021 was done at Cochrane register, Medline, PubMed, Embase, clinicaltrials.gov, ctri.nic. in, global health and Google Scholar using the Boolean search strategy: ((ranirestat) OR (aldose reductase inhibitor)) AND ((diabetes) OR (“diabetes mellitus”)). The primary outcome was to evaluate changes in nerve conduction velocities (NCV) of different nerves. The secondary outcomes were to evaluate alterations in amplitudes, F-wave latencies of nerves, modified Toronto Clinical Neuropathy Score (mTCNS) and adverse events. Data from 5 studies involving 1461 patients with DPN was analysed to establish the impact of ranirestat (20-40 mg/day) as compared to placebo on different electrophysiologic outcomes over a median follow-up of 52 weeks. Patients receiving ranirestat had significantly greater improvement in proximal median sensory NCV [MD 0.77 m/s (95%CI: 0.50–1.05); P < 0.01; I2 = 26%], distal median sensory NCV [MD 0.91 m/s (95%CI: 0.87–0.95); P < 0.01; I2 = 0%], median motor NCV [MD 0.63 m/s (95%CI: 0.60–0.66); P < 0.01; I2 = 0%], tibial motor NCV [MD 0.46 m/s (95%CI: 0.43–0.49); P < 0.01; I2 = 0%] and peroneal motor NCV [MD 0.80 m/s (95%CI: 0.66–0.93); P < 0.01; I2 = 0%]. mTCNS was not significantly different among groups. Treatment-emergent adverse events [risk ratio (RR) 0.85 (95%CI: 0.63–1.14); P = 0.28; I2 = 0%] and severe adverse events [RR 1.35 (95%CI: 0.86–2.11); P = 0.20; I2 = 0%] were comparable across study groups. In people with established DPN with long-standing diabetes, ranirestat is safe and effective in improving electrophysiologic but not clinical DPN.
Application of distance field-based algorithm to adjacent spline surfaces for composite structures boundary modeling

The complex boundary modeling required for simulating composite materials was applied to a broad range of problems, including surface overlap and gap. A novel method for the simultaneous fitting of adjacent spline surfaces based on a distance field has been devised. The fitting method for spline surfaces was constructed using offline spline surface, facet simplification, and residual solid reconstruction. The distance field-based approach of simultaneous fitting of neighboring spline surfaces included producing a distance field for a spline surface and then applying that distance field to nearby spline surfaces. There would be junction and separation issues if neighboring spline surfaces were fitted individually. By simultaneously fitting the nearby spline surfaces with the aid of the equivalence surface of the distance field, it was feasible to avoid overlap and gap.
Power-Law Decays in the Optical Counterparts of GRB 970228 and GRB 970508

We report on RC- and K-band observations of the optical counterpart to GRB 970508 with the Fred Lawrence Whipple Observatory (FLWO) 1.2 m telescope. Eleven RC-band observations were obtained on 1997 May 12, and three on May 14. The counterpart clearly faded between the two nights. On May 12 there was no evidence for variability (<9%) on 10-70 minute timescales based on 11 Rc-band observations. On May 19 a 1 hr observation set a limit on the K magnitude of K>18.6. Comparison of these data points with those obtained by other authors shows that the decay of the optical counterpart can be well fitted by a power law of the form f~t-α, where α=1.22±0.03 with occasional fluctuations superposed. We note that the decay of the optical counterpart to another burst, GRB 970228, can also be well fitted with a power law with exponent α=1.0+ 0.2−0.5 with occasional fluctuations superposed. These two decay light curves are remarkably similar in form to that predicted by cosmic-fireball models.
Security of Multi-Agent Cyber-Physical Systems: A Survey

Multi-agent systems are becoming increasingly popular due to their successful implementation in several sectors. However, there are a variety of threats that might undermine the agent’s security and imperil system security. As a result, security concerns should be addressed during the design of multi-agent systems. This survey reviews different models for securing multi-agent systems, which were developed based on the concepts regarding the agent’s role and communications. This paper presents and categorizes the most common attacks on MASs. Then, we study and analyze numerous security strategies in the literature, classifying them as prevention, detection, and resiliency approaches based on reputation and trust. Finally, we recommend which security approach is the best countermeasure for specific types of attacks based on recent advances in the research field.
A hierarchical decentralized architecture to enable adaptive scalable virtual machine migration

Cloud computing is an established paradigm for end users to access resources. Cloud infrastructure providers seek to maximize accepted requests, meet Service Level Agreements (SLAs), and reduce operational costs by dynamically allocating Virtual Machines (VMs) to physical nodes. Many solutions have been presented to manage cloud infrastructure, however, these tend to be centralized and suffer in their ability to maintain Quality of Service (QOS) and support data centers with thousands of nodes. Decentralized approaches, with no central management, can manage large data centers. However, these tend to reduce the ability to obtain an optimal resource allocation across the data center. To address this, we propose a hybrid hierarchical decentralized architecture that achieves lower SLA violations and lowers network traffic. We used simulation to evaluate our proposal in practice with a variety of existing VM placement policies.
lrSVD: An efficient imputation algorithm for incomplete high‐throughput compositional data

Compositional methods have been successfully integrated into the chemometric toolkit to analyse and model different types of data generated by modern high‐throughput technologies. Within this compositional framework, the focus is put on the relative information conveyed in the data by using log‐ratio coordinate representations. However, log‐ratios cannot be computed when the data matrix is not complete. A new computationally efficient data imputation algorithm based on compositional principles and aimed at high‐throughput continuous‐valued compositions is introduced that relies on a constrained low‐rank matrix approximation of the data. Simulation and real metabolomics data are used to demonstrate its performance and ability to deal with different forms of incomplete data: zeros, nondetects, missing values or a combination of them. The computer routines lrSVD and lrSVDplus are implemented in the R package zCompositions to facilitate its use by practitioners.