Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
In vivo targeting of de novo DNA methylation by histone modifications in yeast 3 and mouse 4 5 6 Authors and Affiliations 7 8

Authors and Affiliations 7 8 Marco Morselli, William A. Pastor, Barbara Montanini, Kevin Nee, Roberto Ferrari, 9 Kai Fu, Giancarlo Bonora, Liudmilla Rubbi, Amander T. Clark, Simone Ottonello, 10 Steven E. Jacobsen, Matteo Pellegrini 11 12 Department of Molecular, Cell and Developmental Biology, University of California, Los 13 Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Unit, Laboratory of 14
Intergenerational games with dynamic externalities and climate change experiments ( Running title : Intergenerational games , dynamic externalities )

Dynamic externalities are at the core of many long-term environmental problems, from species preservation to climate change mitigation. We use laboratory experiments to compare welfare outcomes and underlying behavior in games with dynamic externalities under two distinct settings: traditionally studied games with infinitely-lived decision makers, and more realistic intergenerational games. We show that if decision makers change across generations, resolving dynamic externalities becomes more challenging for two distinct reasons. First, decision makers’ actions may be short-sighted due to their limited incentives to care about the future generations’ welfare. Second, even when the incentives are perfectly aligned across generations, increased strategic uncertainty of an intergenerational setting may lead to an increased inconsistency of own actions and beliefs about the others, making own actions more myopic. Intergenerational learning through history and advice from previous generations may improve dynamic efficiency, but may also lead to persistent myopic bias.
Hyperspectral Coastal Wetland Classification Based on a Multiobject Convolutional Neural Network Model and Decision Fusion

The phenomenon of spectral aliasing exists for coastal wetland object types, which leads to class mixing. This letter proposes a multiobject convolutional neural network (CNN) decision fusion classification method for hyperspectral images of coastal wetlands. This method adopts decision fusion based on fuzzy membership rules applied to single-object CNN classification to obtain higher classification accuracy. Experimental results demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed method for the six object types, including water, tidal flat, reed, and other vegetation types. The overall accuracy of the decision fusion classification method based on fuzzy membership is 82.11%, which is 3.33% and 6.24% higher than those of single-object feature band CNN and support vector machine methods. The classification method based on multiobject CNN decision fusion inherits the characteristics of single-object feature bands of the CNN, making it a practical approach to image classification under the challenging conditions in which class mixing occurs.
Taxpayers' Response to Tax Rate Changes: A Canadian Panel Study

Taxpayers may respond to changes in income tax rates in several manners. One way to classify them is to distinguish between behavioural changes (changes in labour supply, changes in the weights of the different types of labour income, changes in saving behaviour, etc.) and income reporting changes (timing, evasion, .). Consequently, there might not be a perfectly proportional relationship between tax rate changes and tax revenues. This paper presents a methodology for the estimation of 1)income and 2)number of taxpayer elasticities with respect to marginal income tax rates. The model considers shares of total income and number of taxpayer for three income classes: medium ($50,000-$100,000), high ($100,000-$150,000) and highest ($150,000 and more) for a panel of Canadian provinces over the 1972-1996 period and for three sub-periods (1972-1976, 1977-1987, 1988-1996). The results show significant responses to tax rate changes from taxpayers in the high and highest income classes at the end of the period under study (1988-1996). Results obtained from the number of taxpayer share model also indicate that a significant part of the response of taxpayers to tax rate changes is explained by taxpayers moving to lower income classes. Les contribuables sont en mesure de reagir aux changements dans les taux marginaux d'impot sur le revenu de diverses manieres. Ces reactions sont de deux ordres : changement de comportement (offre de travail, types de revenu, epargne, etc.) ou changement dans la maniere de declarer les revenus (report, evasion fiscale, etc.). Par consequent, il est possible qu'un changement dans les taux d'impot entraine un changement non-proportionnel de l'impot paye. Cette etude propose une methodologie permettant l'estimation des elasticites du revenu et du nombre de contribuables par rapport aux taux d'impot. Trois classes de revenus sont retenues pour l'analyse : revenus moyens (50 000 $ - 100 000 $), revenus eleves (100 000 $ - 150 000 $) et revenus tres eleves (150 000 $ et plus). La methodologie proposee est appliquee a un panel de donnees provinciales au Canada au cours de la periode 1972-1996. Des resultats specifiques sont presentes pour trois sous-periodes (1972-1976, 1977-1987 et 1988-1996). Ces sous-periodes correspondent aux differents regimes fiscaux qu'a connus le Canada entre 1972 et 1996. Les resultats indiquent des reactions significatives des contribuables a revenus eleves et tres eleves durant la periode 1988-1996. Les resultats obtenus du modele portant sur le nombre de contribuables indiquent egalement qu'une part importante de la reaction s'explique par la migration des contribuables entre les classes de revenu.
CHANGES IN UNDERSTORY AVIFAUNA ALONG THE SINNAMARY RIVER (FRENCH GUYANA, SOUTH AMERICA)

Along the Sinnamary basin in French Guyana (South America) a succession of forest types occurs from the Ridge forest at the mouth of the river to the primary rain forest on the slopes of the narrowing valley 100 km to the south but only 35 m above sea level at the upper part of the dam reservoir of Petit- Saut. The aim of the present work was to determine the relationship between bird community structure and river zonation. This study will point out the variations in species richness and trophic structure for understory avifaunas in four forest habitats of the Sinnamary basin : 1) Sinnamary river mature rain forest: slopes of the valley at less than 100 m from the Sinnamary river and at 100 km of the mouth ; 2) Secondary forest (25 km from the mouth): from clear cuts at various stages of growth; 3) Riparian forest on wet, sea- sonally flooded bottom flats; 4) Ridge forest: close to the mouth of the river on sand Ridges. Understory avifaunas for these habitats are compared each other as well as with those of mature primary rain forest habitats found outside the Sinnamary basin. Cumulative curves, daily activities and biomasses are not sig- nificantly different between habitats. However, the principal component analysis shows marked differ-
Cooling solar cells using ZnO nanoparticles as a down-shifter

Down-shifting material is used to enhance the overall efficiency of the photovoltaic solar cell by reducing the energy of incident photons and then cooling down the temperature of the photovoltaic solar cells. This experimental work focused on studying the effect of ZnO nanoparticles as a downshifting material on reducing the temperature of the photovoltaic cells. Readings of temperature and voltage-which were collected on different days in summer July showed a good effect of ZnO nanoparticles on solar cell temperature. Where there was a significant decrease in cell temperature of up to 4.5°C, in addition an increase in voltage of about 1.5 V.
Transforming growth factor beta suppresses glutamate cysteine ligase gene expression and induces oxidative stress in a lung fibrosis model

, Abstract The concentration of glutathione (GSH), the most abundant intracellular free thiol and an important antioxidant, is decreased in the lung in both fibrotic diseases and experimental fibrosis models. The underlying mechanisms and biological significance of GSH depletion, however, remain unclear. Transforming growth factor beta (TGF- β ) is the most potent and ubiquitous profibrogenic cytokine and its expression is increased in almost all fibrotic diseases. In this study, we show that increasing TGF- β 1 expression in mouse lung to a level comparable to those found in lung fibrotic diseases by intranasal instillation of AdTGF- β 1 223/225 , an adenovirus expressing constitutively active TGF- β 1, suppressed the expression of both catalytic and modifier subunits of glutamate cysteine ligase (GCL), the rate-limiting enzyme in de novo GSH synthesis, decreased GSH concentration, and increased protein and lipid peroxidation in mouse lung. Furthermore, we show that increasing TGF- β 1 expression activated JNK and induced activating transcription factor 3 (ATF3), a transcriptional repressor involved in the regulation of the catalytic subunit of GCL (GCLC), in mouse lung. Control virus (AdDL70-3) had no significant effect on any of these parameters, compared to saline treated control. Concurrent with GSH depletion, TGF- β 1 induced lung epithelial apoptosis and robust pulmonary fibrosis. Importantly, lung GSH levels returned to the normal whereas fibrosis persisted at least 21 days after TGF- β 1 instillation. Together, the data suggest that increased TGF- β 1 expression may contribute to the GSH depletion observed in pulmonary fibrosis diseases and that GSH depletion may be an early event in, rather than a consequence of, fibrosis development. β 1 expression in the was increased by intranasal instillation of AdTGF-β 1 223/225 , an adenovirus expressing constitutively active TGF- β 1. Mice instilled with AdDL70-3, a virus vector, or saline were used as controls. The results show that TGF- β protein content in BALF was significantly increased by day 7 in mice intranasally instilled with AdTGF- β 1 223/225 but not AdDL70-3 as compared to saline instilled controls (the amounts of total TGF- β protein in BALF: saline, 205 ± 18 pg/ml, AdDL70-3, 270 ± 27 pg/ ml, AdTGF- β 1 223/225 , 6,900 ± 721 pg/ml; active TGF- β in BALF: saline, 252 ± 11 pg/ml, AdDL70-3, 218 ± 12 pg/ml, AdTGF- β 1 223/225 , 2,041 ± 433 pg/ml). The BALF TGF- β 1 levels detected in our animal model are comparable with those found in different
Multiscale method for the calculation of effective dielectric properties

This work presents a new computational method for the calculation of the effective complex dielectric properties of a heterogeneous material using its microscopic properties and structure. This method aims to guarantee that the electric energy stored and dissipated by the heterogeneous material is the same with the use of the calculated effective properties. The use of periodic boundary conditions with a periodic cubic sample was tested to check the homogenization of the material. An iterative procedure that corrects the initial obtained permittivity gives a good electric field distribution to the effective material in comparison with the electric field of the real mixture.
Review and Verification of Numerical Wave Models for Near Coastal Areas - Part 2: Verification of Near Coastal Numerical Wave Models

Abstract : This report details the validation of the numerical wave models REF/DEF1 and REF/DIF-S. The monochromatic model REF/DIF1 is used to test most model physics, while the irregular wave model REF/DIF-S is used to investigate model applicability to realistic situations. Comparisons of the models to available analytical solutions, synthetic cases, and laboratory and field scenarios are performed. Where applicable, we also compare the two models to the wave model RCPWAVE, which is based on a different formulation. We find that the REF/DIF models are reasonably accurate in most of the situations tested. The REF/DIF models also outperform RCPWAVE in most of the instances where the models can be compared. In particular, it is found that the RCPWAVE model under predicts the effect of wave diffraction. Model robustness to bathymetric uncertainty is also tested. It is found that neither REF/DIF1 nor REF/DIF-S is overly sensitive to bathymetric uncertainty. In areas where the diffraction effect is large, the REF/DIF-S model tends to have more robust characteristics than the monochromatic model, due primarily to its irregular nature. Details of the modified spectral input program used in this study appear in the appendix.
A point-data analysis of the Southern Oscillation Index (SOI) and its relationship to seasonal precipitation in the northwest United States

El Niflo and La Nifia are oceanographic and atmospheric phenomena that have been catalogued for well over a centuly. In El Nifio years, Peru's otherwise thy west coast is subjected to torrential rainfall. Higher ocean temperatures off the coast are deemed the culprit. Attempts to quantify this began in the early part of the 20th Century in the western Pacific/eastern Indian Ocean region. By approximately the 1980's, what is known as the Southern Oscillation Index (501) became established as a benchmark for understanding circulation in the Pacific Ocean. This present study compared summer SOl averages with average fall and winter precipitation at 260 locations in Montana, Washington, Oregon, and Idaho. The time periods analyzed included 1948-97, 1951-80, 1961-90, 1951-65, 1966-80, 1961-75, 1976-90, and 1983-97. Linear regression and means-difference analysis (t-tests) were the statistical methods employed. The former test was used to test hypothesized positive correlations (r>0) for each station. A p-value less than or equal to 0.01 was established as verifying the correlations. This same level of significance was used to verify a second hypothesis using t-tests. This hypothesis states that mean seasonal precipitation values following La Nifla episodes exceed that which follows El Niflo episodes. It was theorized that there would be geographical correspondence between results of the two models. In addition, these relationships were theorized to remain regardless of the period that was analyzed. Results were also hypothesized to yield notable spatial variation. The hypothesis pertaining to the two statistical models were largely rejected. For approximately half of the time periods analyzed, however, high levels of statistical significance were noted in western portions of Montana, Washington, and Oregon, as well as northern parts of Idaho. Most sites appear to be near the western slopes of major mountain ranges, or are located near mountainous provinces. The hypothesis regarding uniformity of results for all time periods was also rejected. However, three out of eight time periods analyzed utilizing the means-difference model showed roughly the same geographic distribution of high significance as noted with the linear regression model. The lack of correspondence between the two models is thought to be the result of marked diversity in precipitation averages that correspond to El Niflo and La Nifia events. The high West Coast precipitation totals that followed the El Niflo of 1982-83 demonstrated how an event can violate the assumption that accompanies use of the statistical models. This fundamental assumption is that low precipitation totals follow El Niflo events, while higher totals characteristically follow La Nifia events. Marked spatial variation of the statistical results confirmed the final hypothesis.
Prospection alimentaire et impact de la distribution spatiale et temporelle des ressources trophiques chez le Vautour fauve (Gyps fulvus)

Nous avons etudie la reponse de rapaces necrophages aux reglementations sanitaires regissant la gestion de leurs ressources alimentaires. Le comportement de prospection alimentaire du Vautour fauve (Gyps fulvus) a ete etudie au sein de deux populations francaises : une population reintroduite, ou les gestionnaires ont recours a l’utilisation de placettes d’alimentation, et une population naturelle ou la distribution des ressources alimentaires est aleatoire. Nous montrons que les vautours fauves de la population reintroduite ajustent leurs strategies de prospection en fonction de la distribution spatiale des placettes d’alimentation. Le role ecologique d’equarrissage naturel par la population reintroduite n’est cependant pas remis en question. Nous avons cependant detecte un effet negatif de la densite sur la survie juvenile, probablement du a une augmentation de la competition pour l’acces aux ressources exacerbee par l’existence des sites d’alimentation.
Single Image Super-Resolution

Super-Resolution (SR) of a single image is a classic problem in computer vision. The goal of image super-resolution is to produce a high-resolution image from a low-resolution image. This paper presents a popular model, super-resolution convolutional neural network (SRCNN), to solve this problem. This paper also examines an improvement to SRCNN using a methodology known as generative adversarial network (GAN) which is better at adding texture details to the high resolution output.
Flexible, Corpus-Based Modelling of Human Plausibility Judgements

In this paper, we consider the computational modelling of human plausibility judgements for verb-relation-argument triples, a task equivalent to the computation of selectional preferences. Such models have applications both in psycholinguistics and in computational linguistics. By extending a recent model, we obtain a completely corpus-driven model for this task which achieves significant correlations with human judgements. It rivals or exceeds deeper, resource-driven models while exhibiting higher coverage. Moreover, we show that our model can be combined with deeper models to obtain better predictions than from either model alone.
POTENTIAL CLIMATE CHANGE IMPACTS ON MOUNTAIN WATERSHEDS IN THE PACIFIC NORTHWEST 1

ABSTRACT: Global climate change due to the buildup of greenhouse gases in the atmosphere has serious potential impacts on water resources in the Pacific Northwest. Climate scenarios produced by general circulation models (GCMs) do not provide enough spatial specificity for studying water resources in mountain watersheds. This study uses dynamical downscaling with a regional climate model (RCM) driven by a GCM to simulate climate change scenarios. The RCM uses a subgrid parameterization of orographic precipitation and land surface cover to simulate surface climate at the spatial scale suitable for the representation of topographic effects over mountainous regions. Numerical experiments have been performed to simulate the present‐day climatology and the climate conditions corresponding to a doubling of atmospheric CO2 concentration. The RCM results indicate an average warming of about 2.5°C, and precipitation generally increases over the Pacific Northwest and decreases over California. These simulations were used to drive a distributed hydrology model of two snow dominated watersheds, the American River and Middle Fork Flathead, in the Pacific Northwest to obtain more detailed estimates of the sensitivity of water resources to climate change. Results show that as more precipitation falls as rain rather than snow in the warmer climate, there is a 60 percent reduction in snowpack and a significant shift in the seasonal pattern of streamflow in the American River. Much less drastic changes are found in the Middle Fork Flathead where snowpack is only reduced by 18 percent and the seasonal pattern of streamflow remains intact. This study shows that the impacts of climate change on water resources are highly region specific. Furthermore, under the specific climate change scenario, the impacts are largely driven by the warming trend rather than the precipitation trend, which is small.
Finite-N corrections to the superconformal index of S-fold theories

We study the superconformal index of S-fold theories by using the anti-de Sitter / conformal field theory correspondence. It is known that the index in the large-$N$ limit is reproduced as the contribution of bulk Kaluza–Klein modes. For finite-$N$, D3-branes wrapped around the non-trivial cycle in $\boldsymbol{S}^5/\mathbb{Z}_k$, which corresponds to Pfaffian-like operators, give the corrections of order $q^N$ to the index. We calculate the finite-$N$ corrections by analyzing the fluctuations of wrapped D3-branes. Comparisons to known results show that our formula correctly reproduces the corrections up to errors of order $q^{2N}$.
Bioenergy governance between market and government failures: A new institutional economics perspective

Bioenergy can play an important part in managing the transition towards a lowcarbon energy system. However, in many countries its rapid expansion increases pressures on agricultural land use and natural ecosystems, resulting in conflicts with conservation aims and food security. Establishing an effective governance framework for bioenergy, to safeguard against sustainability risks and promote the efficient use of scarce biomass resources, is of the utmost importance, but is complicated by the existence of multiple objectives, multiple market failures and the variety of possible value chains. In this situation, policy recommendations based on neoclassical assumptions prove too abstract to be of practical relevance. Using the case of European bioenergy policy, this paper explores how economic bioenergy policy recommendations could be improved by using a new institutional economics (NIE) perspective. Moving along the value chain, we discuss what implications the consideration of transaction costs, incomplete information, path dependencies, and political feasibility has for finding solutions to the governance challenges of bioenergy. We conclude that policy implications derived from NIE differ clearly both from neoclassical recommendations and current EU bioenergy policy, and that a NIE framework for the analysis of bioenergy governance, which takes not only market failures, but also the risks of government failures into account, could make a useful contribution to the development of realistic, second-best solutions to the allocative problems of bioenergy use.
Data Placement Algorithm for Improving I/O Load Balance without Using Popularity Information

Data placement considerably affects the I/O performance of distributed storage systems such as HDFS. An ideal placement algorithm should keep the I/O load evenly distributed among different storage nodes. Most of the existing placement algorithms with I/O load balance guarantee depend on the information of data popularity to make the placement decisions. However, the popularity information is typically not available in the data placement phase. Furthermore, it usually varies during the data lifecycle. In this paper, we propose a new placement algorithm called Balanced Distribution for Each Age Group (BEAG), which makes data placement decisions in the absence of the popularity information. This algorithm maintains multiple counters for each storage node, with each counter representing the amount of data belonging to a certain age group. It ensures that the data in each age group are equally scattered among the different storage nodes. As the popularity variance of the data belonging to the same age group is considerably smaller than that of the entire data, BEAG significantly improves the I/O load balance. Experimental results show that compared to other popularity independent algorithms, BEAG decreases the I/O load standard deviation by 11.6% to 30.4%.
Trophic model of the coastal fisheries ecosystem of the west coast of peninsular Malaysia

A preliminary mass-balance trophic model was constructed for the coastal fisheries ecosystem of the West Coast of Peninsular Malaysia (0 - 120 m depth). The ecosystem was partitioned into 15 trophic groups, and biomasses for selected groups were obtained from research (trawl) surveys conducted in the area in 1987 and 1991. Trophic interactions of the groups are presented. The network analysis indicates that fishing fleets for demersal fishes and prawns have a major direct or indirect impact on most high-trophic level groups in the ecosystem.