Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Fiscal Constitutions

1 A partial draft of this paper was circulated under the title ‘‘Discretionary Policy and Economic Volatility’’ in October 1995. We thank Robert Becker, Camelia Bejan, Marco Celentani, V. V. Chari, Russell Cooper, John Driffill, David Levine, Rody Manuelli, Albert Marcet, Ken West, and Bill Zame for helpful comments, without implicating them in the results. Earlier versions of the paper were presented at an NBER Group Meeting on Macroeconomic Complementarities (Stanford University), the Texas Monetary Conference (Texas A&M), the Liverpool–Aberystwyth Workshop on Macroeconomics (University of Liverpool), Tel Aviv University, University of Wisconsin, UCLA, USC, University College–London, the European General Equilibrium Meeting (Barcelona), the Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis, University of Oregon, University of Washington, the Taiwan National Central University, the Third European Conference on Economic Theory (Santiago de Compostela), and the 14th Latin American Meeting of the Econometric Society (Rio de Janeiro). Costas Azariadis
Synergizing Food-Energy-Water ( FEW ) Resources for Sustainable Benefits

The drastic pursuit of economic, urbanized and globalized growth in recent decades have impacted severely on the natural ecosystem and available resources. The insistent climate change is further sustained by enormous food and energy production wastages. This also accounts for the increased tension on water supply and organic practices as consequences of an upset ecosystem; leading to unstable temperature changes, changes to normal weather patterns, floods and drought, melting glaciers and rising sea headsall to which potentially affects the sustenance of man and the environment. As such, synergizing the food-energy-water (FEW) scarce resources and understanding their potential interactive merits as against their isolated short lived advantages have become an area of interest in recent years. This has driven the discuss herein towards the sustainable benefits of knotting the FEW scarce resources, as all three elements must be unified for ensured beneficial outcomes. The paper also highlighted the FEW interactive challenges and pathways of resource conservation particularly, in the dire need for food security in present time. The paper therefore holds a general discuss that posits the interactive link between the limited FEW resources as a platform towards sustainable conservative benefits of all three elements to man and the environment. Keywords—Synergy, Sustainability, FEW resources, Globalization
Movement Notation and Digital Media Art in the Contemporary Dance Practice: Aspects of the Making of a Multimedia Dance Performance

UPDATED---9 June 2016. This paper presents some of the aspects from the creative process leading to the multimedia dance performance 'as far as abstract objects' ('afaao'). The creation of that stage work was at the same time an extensive experimental transdisciplinary research, a laboratory for movement analysis and movement composition. In particular, this paper will elaborate on the relation and collaboration between two of the fields involved, movement notation and media art. In 'afaao' fundamental principles from movement notation were paired with possibilities from modern media technology. The common ground they shared was the transformation process that movement undergoes when working with notation as well as when working with media art. The objective of this collaboration was to explore the complex phenomenon of movement and to create a work of art that would communicate the research revelations in a visually engaging way with the audience, offering alternative views on the movement's dynamic structures.
Bulk modes in silicon crystal silicon

Bulk dilation modes in rectangular plates of particular orientations in single crystal silicon are found to have distinct advantages over to those in isotropic materials. Finite element modeling using an anisotropic model reveals plates aligned to the <110> direction in (100) silicon have modes which offer excellent capacitive coupling and good isolation to the supports. Low impedance and high Q are predicted for select geometries. Experimental results are included, showing a 100-MHz resonator having an unloaded Q of 90,000, which demonstrate an f-Q product of ∼1×1013.
Ieee Transactions on Computational Intelligence and Ai in Games 1 Sequential Halving Applied to Trees

—Monte Carlo Tree Search (MCTS) is state of the art for multiple games and problems. The base algorithm currently used for Monte Carlo Tree Search is UCT. We propose an alternative Monte Carlo Tree Search algorithm: Sequential Halving applied to Trees (SHOT). It has multiple advantages over UCT: it spends less time in the tree, it uses less memory, it is parameter free, at equal time settings it beats UCT for a complex combinatorial game and it can be efficiently parallelized.
Near-infrared observations of the HE 0450−2958 system: discovery of a second active galactic nucleus?

The quasi-stellar object (QSO) HE 0450−2958 was brought to the front scene by the non-detection of its host galaxy and strong upper limits on the latter's luminosity. The QSO is also a powerful infrared emitter, in gravitational interaction with a strongly distorted ultraluminous infrared companion galaxy. We investigate the properties of the companion galaxy, through new near- and mid-infrared observations of the system obtained with Near Infrared Camera and Multi-Object Spectrometer (NICMOS) onboard Hubble Space Telescope, Infrared Spectrometer and Array Camera (ISAAC) and Very Large Telescope Imager and Spectrometer in the Infrared (VISIR) on the European Southern Observatory Very Large Telescope. The companion galaxy is found to harbour a point source revealed only in the infrared, in what appears as a hole or dark patch in the optical images. Various hypotheses on the nature of this point source are analysed and it is found that the only plausible one is that it is a strongly reddened active galactic nucleus hidden behind a thick dust cloud. The hypothesis that the QSO supermassive black hole might have been ejected from the companion galaxy in the course of a galactic collision involving three-body black holes interaction is also reviewed, on the basis of this new insight on a definitely complex system.
Supporting An Architecture-Based Approach to Mission Modeling

Designing a space exploration mission involves many varied yet interconnected domains which are often found to be in conflict with each other. A conceptually coherent architectural model with a solid syntactic base provides for the identification and resolution of these relationships and conflicts with automated facilities, as well as enabling advanced analysis and simulation capabilities. This presentation presents the results of leveraging the domain independent XML-based framework associated with the xADL project to provide the mission design field with the technical infrastructure needed to make the most of architectural models.
Persistent Structural Modifications in Nucleus Accumbens and Prefrontal Cortex Neurons Produced by Previous Experience with Amphetamine

Experience-dependent changes in behavior are thought to involve structural modifications in the nervous system, especially alterations in patterns of synaptic connectivity. Repeated experience with drugs of abuse can result in very long-lasting changes in behavior, including a persistent hypersensitivity (sensitization) to their psychomotor activating and rewarding effects. It was hypothesized, therefore, that repeated treatment with the psychomotor stimulant drug amphetamine, which produces robust sensitization, would produce structural adaptations in brain regions that mediate its psychomotor activating and rewarding effects. Consistent with this hypothesis, it was found that amphetamine treatment altered the morphology of neurons in the nucleus accumbens and prefrontal cortex. Exposure to amphetamine produced a long-lasting (>1 month) increase in the length of dendrites, in the density of dendritic spines, and in the number of branched spines on the major output cells of the nucleus accumbens, the medium spiny neurons, as indicated by analysis of Golgi-stained material. Amphetamine treatment produced similar effects on the apical (but not basilar) dendrites of layer III pyramidal neurons in the prefrontal cortex. The ability of amphetamine to alter patterns of synaptic connectivity in these structures may contribute to some of the long-term behavioral consequences of repeated amphetamine use, including amphetamine psychosis and addiction.
Mathematical Conditions for Brain Stability

We investigate the stability of a dynamic brain model using conventional techniques of linearization of the state space equations of motion for two nearby solutions followed by solution via expansion in the eigenvectors of the Jacobian matrix with eigenvalues λ1, λ2, . , λn. The fundamental stability condition for brains is then |λk| ≅ 1. By equating terms in two versions of the characteristic polynomial of the Jacobian we obtain a set of equations relating principle minors of the Jacobian to the fundamental symmetric polynomials formed from the eigenvalues. These equations may be considered as constraints on the Jacobian since the eigenvalues are constrained by the stability conditions. In turn, these equations may be regarded as constraints on brain structure since the Jacobian embodies the dynamical structure of the brain model.
The Clock Drawing Test: utility for dementia detection in multiethnic elders.

BACKGROUND Disproportionate increases in dementia morbidity in ethnic minorities challenge established screening methodologies because of language and culture barriers, varying access to health services, and a relative paucity of cross-cultural data validating their use. Simple screening techniques adapted to a range of health and social service settings would accelerate dementia detection and social and health services planning for demented minority elders. METHODS The effectiveness of the Clock Drawing Test (CDT) for dementia detection was compared with that of the Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) and the Cognitive Abilities Screening Instrument (CASI) in community-dwelling elders of diverse linguistic, ethnic, and educational backgrounds. Subjects (N = 295) were tested at home in their native languages (English, n = 141; another language, n = 154). An informant-based clinical dementia history and functional severity index derived from the Consortium to Establish a Registry for Alzheimer's Disease (CERAD) protocols were used to classify subjects as probably demented (n = 170), and probably not demented (n = 125). RESULTS All tests were significantly affected by education (p < .001) but not by primary language (p > .05). Sensitivities and specificities for probable dementia were 82% and 92%, respectively, for the CDT; 92% and 92% for the MMSE; and 93% and 97% for the CASI for subjects completing each test. However, in poorly educated non-English speakers, the CDT detected demented subjects with higher sensitivity than the two longer instruments (sensitivity and specificity 85% and 94% for the CDT, 46% and 100% for the MMSE, and 75% and 95% for the CASI). Moreover less information was lost due to noncompletion of the CDT than the MMSE or CASI (severe dementia or refusal: CDT 8%, MMSE 12%, and CASI 16%). CONCLUSIONS Overall, the CDT may be as effective as the MMSE or CASI as a first-level dementia screen for clinical use in multiethnic, multilingual samples of older adults. Its brevity (1-5 minutes), minimal language requirements, high acceptability, and lack of dependence on specialized testing materials are well adapted for screening of non-English-speaking elderly persons in settings where bilingual interpreters are not readily available and screening time is at a premium.
Autoantibodies Against NMDA Receptors – Janus-Faced Molecules?

Zusammenfassung Wie schon der römische Gott des Anfangs und des Endes, Janus, könnten auch Antikörper (AB) gegen N-Methyl-D-aspartatrezeptoren (NMDAR) zwei Gesichter besitzen und duale Effekte vermitteln, wenn sie Zugang zum zentralen Nervensystem erhalten. In den letzten Jahren rückten Autoantikörper gegen die obligatorische NMDAR-Untereinheit GluN1 zunehmend in den Fokus von Ärzten, da GuN1-Antikörper (GluN1-AB) in der Cerebrospinalflüssigkeit als diagnostisches Kriterium für die sogenannte anti-NMDAR-Enzephalitis genutzt werden. Jedoch sind GluN1-AB auch im Blutserum vieler gesunder Menschen vorhanden. Mittlerweile haben zahlreiche Studien die Häufigkeit, die Epitope und den molekularen Wirkmechanismus von GluN1-AB verschiedener Ursprünge und Immunglobulinklassen analysiert. Interessanterweise vermitteln GluN1-AB die Quervernetzung und Internalisierung von NMDAR. In diesem Übersichtsartikel werden wir vorstellen, wie GluN1-AB Neurone potentiell vor den neurotoxischen Prozessen einer Übererregung der exzitatorischen Neurotransmission schützen, jedoch ebenfalls psychose-ähnliche Zustände auslösen können. Zusätzlich werden wir die Pathogenität von GluN1-AB mit Bezug auf entzündliche Prozesse genauer betrachten.
Smart Pricing for Smart Grid

Flat-rate electricity tariffs in Great Britain, which have no price variation throughout a day or a year, have been ongoing for decades to recover the cost of energy production and delivery. However, this type of electricity tariff has little incentives to encourage customers to modify their demands to suit the condition of the power supply system. Hence, it is challenged in the new smart grid environment, where demand side responses have important roles to play to encourage conventional energy efficiency and support the integration of renewable generation. In order to accommodate this new environment, the investigations of smart tariff designs and their applications in demand side response are therefore carried out from three main aspects. In a high carbon system dominated by controllable fossil generation where energy peaks typically coincide with those of networks, smart tariffs are developed by statistically tracking dynamic energy price variation tendencies and categorising real-time prices to form time-of-use patterns that capture the most significant price variations without compromising too much accuracy in total energy revenue from customers. In a low carbon system where energy peaks and network peaks may not be in synchronism at all times, additional complications will be raised when developing smart tariffs and optimal demand side response strategies. A new concept is developed in this thesis to allow shared utilization of energy storage between customers and distributed network operators to respond to conflicting energy price and network conditions. In this work, two operation models of storage share are implemented. One is fixed share between customers and network operators regardless of network conditions, and the other is dynamic share that storage capacity utilized by network operator changes with network condition. The consequential system benefit in terms of energy cost reduction and network cost saving is evaluated and converted into per unit cost reduction in the energy bill. Addition to technical solution in the form of storage, the benefit from household demand shifting, such as shifting wet appliances, in the presence of smart tariffs is evaluated. The value of household demand shifting is quantified as an equivalent storage capacity for the investigation of complementarity between technical and social interventions.
Enhancement of Cardiac L-Type Ca2+ Currents in Transgenic Mice with Cardiac-Specific Overexpression of CYP2J2

CYP2J2 is abundant in cardiomyocytes and is involved in the metabolism of arachidonic acid (AA) to epoxyeicosatrienoic acids (EETs), which affect multiple cell functions. In this study, we investigated the effect of overexpression of CYP2J2 on cardiac L-type Ca2+ currents (ICa) in adult transgenic mice. Cardiac-specific overexpression of CYP2J2 was achieved using the α-myosin heavy chain promoter. ICa was recorded from isolated ventricular cardiomyocytes. Compared with the wild-type cardiomyocytes (n = 60), the density of ICa was significantly increased by 40 ± 9% in the CYP2J2 transgenic cardiomyocytes (n = 71; P < 0.001). N-Methylsulfonyl-6-(2-proparglyloxyphenyl)hexanamide (MS-PPOH), a specific inhibitor of EET biosynthesis, and clotrimazole, a cytochrome P450 inhibitor, significantly reduced ICa in both wild-type and transgenic cardiomyocytes; however, MS-PPOH inhibited ICa to a greater extent in the CYP2J2 transgenic cells (n = 10) than in the wild-type cells (n = 10; P < 0.01). Addition of 11,12-EET significantly restored ICa in MS-PPOH-treated cells. Intracellular dialysis with either of two inhibitory monoclonal antibodies against CYP2J2 significantly reduced ICa in both wild-type and transgenic mice. Membrane-permeable 8-bromo-cAMP and the β-adrenergic agonist isoproterenol significantly reversed the monoclonal antibody-induced inhibition of ICa. In addition, the total protein level of the α1 subunit of the Cav1.2 L-type Ca2+ channel was not altered in CYP2J2 transgenic hearts, but the phosphorylated portion was markedly increased. In conclusion, overexpression of CYP2J2 increases ICa in CYP2J2 transgenic cardiomyocytes via a mechanism that involves cAMP-protein kinase A-dependent phosphorylation of the L-type Ca2+ channel.
Sensor fusion-based line detection for unmanned navigation

We propose an algorithm of reliable detection of line for unmanned navigation of mobile robots using sensor fusion. To detect the distance and the angle between the robot and the line, we use a vision sensor system and a laser range finder (LRF). Each sensor system runs its own extended Kalman filter (EKF) to estimate the distance and orientation of the line. The vision system processes images being captured using well-known edge detection algorithms, and the LRF detects the line using the measurement of the intensity of the laser beam reflected. However, depending on the condition of the road and ambient light, each sensor gives us wrong measurement of the line or sometimes completely fails to detect it. To resolve such uncertainty, we develop a simple and easy-to-implement sensor fusion algorithm that uses weighted sum of the output of each EKF, and it gives us more reliable estimate of the distance and orientation of the line than each measurement/estimator system.
Modeling temporal relationships in large scale clinical associations

OBJECTIVE We describe an approach for modeling temporal relationships in a large scale association analysis of electronic health record data. The addition of temporal information can inform hypothesis generation and help to explain the relationships. We applied this approach on a dataset containing 41.2 million time-stamped International Classification of Diseases, Ninth Revision (ICD-9) codes from 1.6 million patients. METHODS We performed two independent analyses including a pairwise association analysis using a χ(2) test and a temporal analysis using a binomial test. Data were visualized using network diagrams and reviewed for clinical significance. RESULTS We found nearly 400 000 highly associated pairs of ICD-9 codes with varying numbers of strong temporal associations ranging from ≥1 day to ≥10 years apart. Most of the findings were not considered clinically novel, although some, such as an association between Helicobacter pylori infection and diabetes, have recently been reported in the literature. The temporal analysis in our large cohort, however, revealed that diabetes usually preceded the diagnoses of H pylori, raising questions about possible cause and effect. DISCUSSION Such analyses have significant limitations, some of which are due to known problems with ICD-9 codes and others to potentially incomplete data even at a health system level. Nevertheless, large scale association analyses with temporal modeling can help provide a mechanism for novel discovery in support of hypothesis generation. CONCLUSIONS Temporal relationships can provide an additional layer of meaning in identifying and interpreting clinical associations.
Metabolic balance of zinc, copper, cadmium, iron, molybdenum and selenium in young New Zealand women

1. Metabolic balance studies of zinc, copper, cadmium, iron, molybdenum and selenium were made on four young New Zealand women, using brilliant blue and chromic oxide as faecal markers. 2. Zn, Cu, Cd and Fe concentrations in foods, faeces and urine were measured by atomic absorption spectrophotometry, whereas Mo was determined spectrophotometrically with dithiol and Se fluorimetrically with diaminonaphthalene. 3. The dietary intakes of Zn, Cu and Fe were similar to those reported in the USA and the UK, whereas those of Cd, Mo and Se were less. The subjects ate a diet consisting of foods normally consumed by New Zealand women. 4. For each subject there was little variation in the urinary output of each element for three 6 d periods. Day-to-day variation was small for each subject. The individual variation in urinary output of each element among the subjects was smaller when expressed as a ratio of intake, except for Mo. Retentions were small for Zn, Cu and Fe, all elements which are poorly absorbed. Balances of Se, Mo and possibly Cd were in equilibrium.
PtrTracker: Pragmatic pointer analysis

Static program analysis for bug detection in industrial C/C++ code has many challenges. One of them is to analyze pointer and pointer structures efficiently. While there has been much research into various aspects of pointer analysis either for compiler optimization or for verification tasks, both classical categories are not optimized for bug detection, where speed and precision are important, but soundness (no missed bugs) and completeness (no false positives) do not necessarily need to be guaranteed.
Prevalence and Risk Factors of Atrophic Gastritis and Intestinal Metaplasia in a Korean Population Without Significant Gastroduodenal Disease

Background and Aim: The prevalence of gastric cancer and Helicobacter pylori infection is unacceptably high in Korea. This study was performed to evaluate the prevalence of atrophic gastritis (AG) and intestinal metaplasia (IM) and to identify their risk factors with respect to H. pylori virulence factors, and environmental and host factors, in Korean population without significant gastroduodenal disease.
Interactions between mRNA Export Commitment, 3′-End Quality Control, and Nuclear Degradation

ABSTRACT Several aspects of eukaryotic mRNA processing are linked to transcription. In Saccharomyces cerevisiae, overexpression of the mRNA export factor Sub2p suppresses the growth defect of hpr1 null cells, yet the protein Hpr1p and the associated THO protein complex are implicated in transcriptional elongation. Indeed, we find that a pool of heat shock HSP104 transcripts are 3′-end truncated in THO complex mutant as well as sub2 mutant backgrounds. Surprisingly, however, this defect can be suppressed by deletion of the 3′-5′ exonuclease Rrp6p. This indicates that incomplete RNAs result from nuclear degradation rather than from a failure to efficiently elongate transcription. RNAs that are not degraded are retained at the transcription site in a Rrp6p-dependent manner. Interestingly, the addition of a RRP6 deletion to sub2 or to THO complex mutants shows a strong synthetic growth phenotype, suggesting that the failure to retain and/or degrade defective mRNAs is deleterious. mRNAs produced in the 3′-end processing mutants rna14-3 and rna15-2, as well as an RNA harboring a 3′ end generated by a self-cleaving hammerhead ribozyme, are also retained in Rrp6p-dependent transcription site foci. Taken together, our results show that several classes of defective RNPs are subject to a quality control step that impedes release from transcription site foci and suggest that suboptimal messenger ribonucleoprotein assembly leads to RNA degradation by Rrp6p.