Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Methane: The record in polar ice cores

Methane mixing ratios in trapped air in the Dye 3 Greenland ice core decrease from 1.25 ppmv below the firn-ice transition (∼90 years B.P.) to a baseline value of 0.70 ppmv at a depth of ∼250 m (∼500 years B.P.). Below this level to a depth of 1950 m (∼27,000 years B. P.) the mixing ratio appears to be constant at the base-line level, and in agreement with data of Robbins et al. (1973) on 700-2470 year-old Antarctic ice. The uniformity of these CH4 mixing ratios in both hemispheric ice caps and over some 26 millennia indicates that, whether or not the absolute values correctly reflect the true atmospheric mixing ratios vs. time, the atmospheric CH4 mixing ratios were nevertheless essentially constant over this range of time. Above 250 m depth the trapped-air CH4 mixing ratios increase linearly up to ∼100 m depth, and then increase sharply just below the firn-ice transition. The mixing ratio vs. age trajectory is strongly offset from the estimated atmospheric record of the past 15 years, but when corrected for the ∼90 year difference in age of air and ice at firn closure, the ice-core data track quite precisely into the recent atmospheric record. Thus we believe that these data correctly reflect past CH4 atmospheric mixing ratios. The increase in atmospheric methane concentration begins at ∼1580 A.D. and amounts to ∼0.40 ppmv by 1918, and ∼0.90 ppmv by 1980; the equilibrium greenhouse warming associated with this increased CH4 concentration is about 0.23°C over the past 400 years, and at the current rate of increase the warming due to CH4 is about 38% of the CO2 warming effect.
Stratigraphic correlation across an arc‐continent collision zone: timor and the Australian northwest shelf

The Kolbano area of southern West Timor comprises the subaerially exposed upper part of an imbricate stack at the leading edge of the Timor arc‐continent collision zone. Rocks of Permian to Plio‐Quaternary age are exposed in the Kolbano Complex. Detailed stratigraphic correlation between the Kolbano area and the Northwest Shelf of Australia (as recorded from petroleum exploration wells) demonstrates that the Kolbano area has close stratigraphic links with the Northwest Shelf, in particular with the Ashmore Block and Sahul Platform. Reconstruction of Jurassic‐Neogene palaeoenvironments for the Kolbano area indicates that the Kolbano area represents the outermost edge of the precollisional Australian passive margin. The region has been considerably shortened by Pliocene tectonism, but retains a predeformational distribution of facies with respect to Australia. The northern half of Timor is composed largely of Australian continental margin material. As this now lies to the north of the Kolbano area, interpre.
An International Sectoral Data Base for Thirteen OECD Countries

This paper describes an international sectoral data base, the ISDB, which has been created at the OECD as part of the continuing study of industrial structure and economic performance in OECD Member countries. This data base is one which relates primarily to sectoral output and factor resource use in thirteen OECD Member countries. In the context of recent OECD work, substantial use was made of the ISDB in preparing the recent OECD study, "Structural Adjustment and Economic Performance" (1987), and in other studies. Part II of the paper reports an analysis of a number of summary statistics derived from the data base for the period 1970 to 1985; specifically those related to economic structure and sectoral growth over the period . Cet article decrit une base de donnees sectorielles et internationales, la ISDB, creee a l'OCDE dans le cadre des recherches poursuivies sur la structure industrielle et les performances economiques dans les pays Membres. Cette base de donnees se refere principalement a la production et l'utilisation des facteurs de production par branche dans 13 pays Membres. La ISDB a ete utilisee dans le contexte de travaux recents de l'OCDE, notamment dans l'elaboration de l'etude "Ajustement structurel et performance economique" (1987). La deuxieme partie de cet article presente une analyse d'un certain nombre de statistiques derivees de cette base de donnees pour la periode 1970 a 1978, notamment celles portant sur la structure economique et la croissance sectorielle pour cette meme periode .
Cannabinoids function in defense against chewing herbivores in Cannabis sativa L.

Abstract In the decades since the first cannabinoids were identified by scientists, research has focused almost exclusively on the function and capacity of cannabinoids as medicines and intoxicants for humans and other vertebrates. Very little is known about the adaptive value of cannabinoid production, though several hypotheses have been proposed including protection from ultraviolet radiation, pathogens, and herbivores. To test the prediction that genotypes with greater concentrations of cannabinoids will have reduced herbivory, a segregating F2 population of Cannabis sativa was leveraged to conduct lab- and field-based bioassays investigating the function of cannabinoids in mediating interactions with chewing herbivores. In the field, foliar cannabinoid concentration was inversely correlated with chewing herbivore damage. On detached leaves, Trichoplusia ni larvae consumed less leaf area and grew less when feeding on leaves with greater concentrations of cannabinoids. Scanning electron and light microscopy were used to characterize variation in glandular trichome morphology. Cannabinoid-free genotypes had trichomes that appeared collapsed. To isolate cannabinoids from confounding factors, artificial insect diet was amended with cannabinoids in a range of physiologically relevant concentrations. Larvae grew less and had lower rates of survival as cannabinoid concentration increased. These results support the hypothesis that cannabinoids function in defense against chewing herbivores.
LACINet: A Lesion-Aware Contextual Interaction Network for Polyp Segmentation

Automatic polyp segmentation is critical for early prevention and diagnosis of colorectal cancer (CRC). However, diverse foreground appearance and complicated background interference severely degrade the performance of pixel-level prediction. The excessive computational overheads further hinder the practical clinical applications of the existing methods. In this article, we propose a novel lesion-aware contextual interaction network (LACINet), which aims to explore the long-range dependencies and global contexts with friendly computing resource consumption for polyp segmentation. Specifically, we present a lesion-aware pyramid mechanism (LPM) to weaken the influence of background noise and refine lesion-related features. We also develop a robust representation enhancement decoder (RED) to learn global feature representations and aggregate the multilevel contexts. In RED, we first build a nonlocal contextual lesion interaction module (NCLIM) to integrate the cross-level contextual information for obtaining the intrinsic feature representations, and then design a tri-branching multiscale perceptual self-attention module (TMPSM) to sufficiently excavate the global features. Notably, we introduce an asymmetric multibranch strategy to alleviate the computational burden. The experimental results on several widely used benchmark datasets demonstrate the superior performance of our proposed LACINet in comparison with state-of-the-art methods.
Insights into Late Holocene Climate of the Ross Sea Region, Antarctica, from High Resolution Ice Core Chemistry

The Ross Sea is the most biologically productive sector of the Southern Ocean and a region of substantial bottom water formation. Modulation of these processes has the potential to influence both regional and global climate. Analysis of snow pit and ice core samples from Mt Erebus Saddle (MES) on Ross Island allows reconstruction of Late Holocene climate of this key region of Antarctica. The biogenic sulphur species, methylsulphonate (MS-), is shown to be a quantitative proxy for Ross Sea Polynya conditions. MS- concentrations of the snow pit, dating from 1999-2005 AD, strongly correlate (R2 > 0.9) with interannual changes in open water area and surface ocean primary productivity caused by the sea-ice-damming effect of large icebergs. Trace element analysis of ice core samples allows delineation between: 1) terrestrial and marine sources, 2) anthropogenic Pb pollution, and 3) volcanic trace element deposition. To assess the contribution of mineral dust leaching to trace element concentrations, powdered rock standards were leached in 1 wt. % HNO3 and periodically sampled for analysis. Results demonstrate that trace element leaching in acidified samples is time- and mineral-dependent. Incongruent leaching of trace elements from dust causes errors in crustal enrichment factors and produces trace element ratios, which do not reflect dust provenance.
High-temperature continuous-wave operation of InAs-based interband cascade laser

In this work, we report an InAs-based interband cascade laser that emits at λ = 4.58 μm in continuous-wave mode up to a maximum temperature of 64 °C, an increase of 29 °C beyond the previously highest reported value for InAs-based interband cascade lasers. At T = 20 °C, an output power of 20 mW was achieved for a 10-μm × 2-mm ridge waveguide device with one facet coated for high reflection and epilayer-down mounting.
The Impact of Environmental Performance and Environmental Disclosures on Economic Performance

Purpose : This study aims to ascertain how economic performance is impacted by environmental performance and environmental disclosures.Method : The study population consists of LQ45-indexed enterprises registered on the Indonesia Stock Exchange between 2015 and 2019. With a total sample size of 65 financial statement data and annual reports, they were ascertained using the purposive sampling technique. SEM-PLS (Structural Equation Modeling based on Partial Least Squares) data analysis methods with SmartPLS 3.3 were employed for this investigation.Findings : Environmental performance significantly negatively affects economic performance, according to an examination of a study on 13 companies indexed LQ45 in 2015–2019 with 65 financial statement data and annual reports. Ecological transparency, nevertheless, has a very good implication for economic performance. The results of this study have significance for LQ45 firms listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange, helping them become more environmentally conscious. It can be a strategy for LQ45 companies to get PROPER awards from the government. Additionally, it can serve as a guide when creating environmental rules. Novelty : This study is to measure the economic performance that can be seen from the practice of work on the results of the value of environmental disclosure and environmental performance. This study also explores environmental performance (X1) and environmental disclosure (X2). This study formulates the relationship between environmental performance and the company’s economic performance. And a study of the relationship of environmental disclosure with the company’s economic performance. So that the resulting hypothesis is stronger and more accurate about economic performance resulting from environmental disclosure and environmental performance.Keywords : Economic Performance; Environmental Performance; Environmental Disclosure; LQ45 Companies
High‐resolution heat flow density in the lower Congo basin

Heat flow density (HFD) has been derived in the lower Congo basin from 293 conventional probe measurements, 424 oil exploration data, and about 1,000,000 Bottom Simulating Reflector (BSR) values. Each set of data provides independent estimates of temperature gradients associated with specific uncertainties and geographic distributions, but a statistical comparison in overlapping domains shows a relatively good consistency. In situ conductivity has been measured in conventional surveys and estimated from rock composition and porosity in oil exploration boreholes: in the deep offshore, measurements and estimates are consistently low and increase significantly toward the shelf domain. Thermal conductivity does not change significantly in the interval between the water bottom and the BSR and can be estimated from the surface measurements to provide an inference of HFD. The combined sets of HFD in the lower Congo basin cover the overall domain of the continental margin and a part of the oceanic domain. High‐resolution imaging of the BSR by three‐dimensional (3‐D) seismic studies provides, in addition, good quality (nominal resolution of ∼500 m) in the deep offshore. At short length scales (on the order of kilometers), large variations of HFD (from 30 to 140 mWm−2) exist above salt diapirs and canyons, related to heat refraction. On the other hand, no small‐scale effect related to fluid flow has been detected, although active venting is known. At larger length scale, HFD in the deep offshore is different on both sides of the Congo submarine channel (54 ± 8 mWm−2 to the north and 48 ± 12 mWm−2 to the south), which are also characterized by different basin‐tectonic styles. At the margin scale, HFD is significantly different in the oceanic domain (42 ± 3 mWm−2), the deep continental offshore (52 ± 10 mWm−2), and the continental shelf (65 ± 15 mWm−2). A progressive reduction of the radiogenic heat contribution in the extended continental crust is the more likely the cause of these differences. Mantle heat flow below the continental margin is consequently high compared to that expected (∼15 mWm−2) for old shields such as Congo.
Modeling oil generation with time-temperature index graphs based on the Arrhenius equation

The time and depth of oil generation from petroleum source rocks containing type II kerogens can be determined using time-temperature index (TTI) graphs based on the Arrhenius equation. Activation energies (E) and frequency factors (A) used in the Arrhenius equation were obtained from hydrous pyrolysis experiments on rock samples in which the kerogens represent the range of type II kerogen compositions encountered in most petroleum basins. The E and A values obtained were used to construct graphs that define the beginning and end of oil generation for most type II kerogens having chemical compositions in the range of these standards. Activation energies of these standard kerogens vary inversely with their sulfur content. The kerogen with the highest sulfur content had the lowest E value and was the fastest in generating oil, whereas the kerogen with the lowest sulfur content had the highest E value and was the slowest in generating oil. These standard kerogens were designated as types IIA, B, C, and D on the basis of decreasing sulfur content and corresponding increasing time-temperature requirements for generating oil. The (summation) TTI[ARR] values determined graphically with these type II kerogen standards in two basin models were compared with a computer calculation using 2000 increments. The graphical method came within +/- 3% of the computer calculation. As type II kerogens are the major oil generators in the world, these graphs should have wide application in making preliminary evaluations of the depth of the oil window in exploration areas.
Water play in urban open spaces in Sheffield : children's experiences, parental and professional understanding and controls

The purpose of this study is to explore what makes water features in different urban open spaces attractive to children and what opportunities or constraints influence children’s ability to experience such water features. This thesis takes a qualitative triangulation approach to investigate children’s perceptions and experiences of water and how children's experience of these spaces are perceived, facilitated or controlled by parents and professionals, and this study’s findings are based on three urban open spaces in Sheffield with a different characteristics: water features in Sheffield city centre, particularly the Peace Gardens, Millhouses Park and Endcliffe Park.
Comparing terrain and vegetation-based visibility for explaining sable flight behaviour in a Southern African savanna

In this study, we tested whether terrain-based visibility modelled from a remotely sensed ASTER Digital Elevation Model (DEM) explains sable flight initiation distance (FID) better than vegetation-based visibility measured in the field. We also tested whether the effect of hunting on sable FID varies with spatial scale. We first performed a linear regression analysis relating FID to standardized coefficients of both vegetation- and terrain-based visibility where the variable with the larger coefficient was the better predictor of FID. We latter performed an analysis of covariance (ANCOVA) comparing the slopes relating FID to both measures of visibility, first at the large scale and later at the small scale within the hunting area. Our results suggest that remotely sensed terrain-based visibility predicts the FID of sable better than vegetation-based visibility. We also found that the effect of hunting on sable FID varies with spatial scale.
Isopycnal mixing by mesoscale eddies significantly impacts oceanic anthropogenic carbon uptake

Anthropogenic carbon dioxide uptake varies across Earth System Models for reasons that have remained obscure. When varied within a single model, the lateral eddy mixing coefficient ARedi produces a range of uptake similar to the modeled range. The highest uptake, resulting from a simulation with a constant ARedi of 2400 m2/s, simulates 15% more historical carbon uptake than a model with ARedi = 400 m2/s. A sudden doubling in carbon dioxide produces a 21% range in carbon uptake across the models. Two spatially dependent representations of ARedi produce uptake that lies in the middle of the range of constant values despite predicting very large values in the subtropical gyres. One‐dimensional diffusive models of the type used for integrated assessments can be fit to the simulations, with ARedi accounting for a substantial fraction of the effective vertical diffusion. Such models, however, mask significant regional changes in stratification and biological carbon storage.
Scavenging Efficiency of Activated Charcoal of Sweet Corn Cop and Areca Nut Shell for Carcinogenic Salicylic Acid and Methylene Blue

Activated plant charcoal plays major role in adsorption chemistry and finds a huge application in industry, pharmaceuticals, cosmetics and water treatment. Present work planned to utilize waste sweet corn cop and areca nut husk to prepare charcoal by chemical method. The charcoal was carbonized at 8000C using muffle furnace. The adsorption efficiency of the experimental activated carbon adsorbents towards the model organic compounds methylene blue and salicylic acid were assessed by UV-Vis spectrophotometric method. Experimental results clearly indicates that sweet corn cop charcoal recorded maximum absorption for salicylic acid 640ppm/g in compare to areca nut shell husk charcoal 480ppm/g. Sweet corn cop charcoal recorded optimum absorption for methylene blue 240 ppm/g in compare to areca nut shell husk charcoal 240ppm/g. The experimental charcoal projects noticeable results in scavenging salicylic acid and methylene blue from polluted samples. This experimental results and affordable cost the raw material made the sweet corn cop and areca nut husk activated carbon a powerful alternative for the adsorption of carcinogenic organic compounds salicylic acid and methylene blue.
CHARTING THE UNCHARTED: COMPUTATIONAL EXPLORATION OF TISSUE ARCHITECTURE USING SPATIALLY RESOLVED TRANSCRIPTOMICS

: Exploring and understanding the mechanisms of the complex cellular arrangements’ orchestration by gene activity in multicellular organisms has great impact on the advancement of life sciences research . Spatial transcriptomics has been enabled by novel technological breakthroughs in next-generation sequencing-and imaging-based techniques to systematically measure the gene expression levels throughout the tissue, and accordingly, increase our capabilities to draw better biological insights in developmental biology and neuroscience as well as to better understand the cellular composition and landscapes of many complex diseases such as cancer . Such large-scale data made possible population wide genomic sequencing opens the door to answering many unanswered biological questions using exploratory data analysis . In this paper we deliver a review of the different exploratory data analysis aspects of spatial transcriptomic data in order to test different hypotheses using various experimental designs that utilize and compare different genetic or environmental conditions as well as different points in time . Finally, spatial transcriptomics can be integrated with multiple other omics data in order to provide much broader and deeper insights into the cellular composition and organization.
Osteosarcoma Multi-Omics Landscape and Subtypes

Simple Summary Molecular subtyping and therapeutic target identification in osteosarcoma have been extremely challenging due to the high degree of heterogeneity in its genetic profile and the lack of specific oncogenic driver genes. Integrating multiplatform profiles of somatic copy-number alteration, gene expression and methylation, three molecularly distinct and clinically relevant subtypes of osteosarcoma were revealed. Additionally, several novel gene signatures were identified based on the subgrouping results. We demonstrated the pivotal role of the cross-platform analysis for investigating complex diseases such as osteosarcoma. Abstract Osteosarcoma (OS) is the most common primary bone malignancy that exhibits remarkable histologic diversity and genetic heterogeneity. The complex nature of osteosarcoma has confounded precise molecular categorization, prognosis, and prediction for this disease. In this study, we performed a comprehensive multiplatform analysis on 86 osteosarcoma tumors, including somatic copy-number alteration, gene expression and methylation, and identified three molecularly distinct and clinically relevant subtypes of osteosarcoma. The subgrouping criteria was validated on another cohort of osteosarcoma tumors. Previously unappreciated osteosarcoma-type-specific changes in specific genes’ copy number, expression and methylation were revealed based on the subgrouping. The subgrouping and novel gene signatures provide insights into refining osteosarcoma therapy and relationships to other types of cancer.
High-Order Fully Actuated System Approach to Robust Control of Impulsive Systems

The high-order fully actuated (HOFA) system approach is presented for the robust control of nonlinear uncertain control systems with impulsive effects. In contrast to most existing methods, the proposed method can eliminate the known nonlinearities in the continuous-time dynamics by utilizing the full-actuation features of the system. Firstly, a Lagrange stability theorem is derived for the nonlinear impulsive systems. Then the robust stabilization problems of nonlinear uncertain control systems with impulsive effects in both the Lagrange sense and the Lyapunov sense are investigated by combining robust control with the HOFA system approach, which is an extension of the HOFA system approach. Finally, the effectiveness of the proposed method is illustrated by the numerical simulation on the RLC circuit.