Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Population-based routing in the SpiNNaker neuromorphic architecture

SpiNNaker is a hardware-based massively-parallel real-time universal neural network simulator designed to simulate large-scale spiking neural networks. Spikes are distributed across the system using a multicast packet router. Each packet represents an event (spike) generated by a neuron. On the basis of the source of the spike (chip, core and neuron), the routers distribute the network packet across the system towards the destination neuron(s). This paper describes a novel approach to the projection routing problem that shows advantages in both the size of the routing tables generated and the computational complexity for the generation of routing tables. To achieve this, spikes are routed on the basis of the source population, leaving to the destination core the duty to propagate the received spike to the appropriate neuron(s).
A role for arcuate cocaine and amphetamine regulated transcript in hyperphagia, thermogenesis, and cold adaptation

We have recently shown that injection of the hypothalamic peptide cocaine and amphetamine regulated transcript (CART) into discrete hypothalamic nuclei stimulates food intake. This stimulation was particularly marked in the arcuate nucleus. Here we show that twice daily intra‐arcuate injection of 0.2 nmole CART peptide for 7 days was associated with a 60% higher daytime food intake, an 85% higher thermogenic response to the β3 agonist BRL 35135, and a 60% increase in brown adipose tissue UCP‐1 mRNA. In a separate study, using stereotactically targeted gene transfer, a CART transgene was delivered by using polyethylenimine to the arcuate nucleus of adult rats. Food intake was increased significantly during ad libitum feeding and following periods of food withdrawal and food restriction in CART over‐expressing animals. CART over‐expressing animals lost 12% more weight than controls following a 24‐h fast. Brown adipose tissue uncoupling protein‐1 (UCP‐1) mRNA levels (collected Day 25) were 80% higher in CART over‐expressing animals. Finally, by using quantitative in situ hybridization, we found that chronic cold exposure (20 days at 4oC) increased arcuate nucleus CART mRNA by 124%. Together with the orexigenic and thermogenic effects of CART, this finding suggests a role for arcuate nucleus CART in cold adaptation.
Spectral Anomaly Detection in Very Large Graphs: Models, Noise, and Computational Complexity

Anomaly detection in massive networks has numerous theoretical and computational challenges, especially as the behavior to be detected becomes small in comparison to the larger network. This presentation focuses on recent results in three key technical areas, specifically geared toward spectral methods for detection. We first discuss recent models for network behavior, and how their structure can be exploited for efficient computation of the principal eigenspace of the graph. In addition to the stochasticity of background activity, a graph of interest may be observed through a noisy or imperfect mechanism, which may hinder the detection process. A few simple noise models are discussed, and we demonstrate the ability to fuse multiple corrupted observations and recover detection performance. Finally, we discuss the challenges in scaling the spectral algorithms to large-scale high-performance computing systems, and present preliminary recommendations to achieve good performance with current parallel eigensolvers.
DibA: An Adaptive Broadcasting Scheme in Mobile Ad Hoc Networks

Broadcasting is a vital communication mechanism in Mobile Ad Hoc Networks, as it is the key element for exchanging control packets to support some services such as management and routing protocols. Simple Flooding, which is mostly used as the broadcasting mechanism, is neither resource efficient nor reliable especially in high populated and dense networks. The Distance-Based(DB) scheme is one of the schemes proposed to alleviate the Flooding effects. However, DB uses constant pre-determined distance threshold value regardless of network dynamics. In this paper, we propose an adaptive Distance-Based (DibA)scheme, which locally determines the density of the network and adjusts the distance threshold of everyr ebroadcasting operation without relying on HELLO packets or GPS systems. Our simulation study shows that our proposed scheme achieves considerable performance improvement over DB while the average value of transmission packets is not a function of network size.
Digital concept mapping in cultural education

The paper presents an educational methodology of recording the conceptual representations of children using digital concept mapping, in order to design and implement a curriculum on cultural education in primary school. Digital concept mapping combines the advantages of the concept mapping strategy with the accessibility and flexibility of a computer based environment in order to record and study the conceptual representations of children about a theme in order to set the proper goals and to choose the educational process.
Noninvasive diagnosis of vulnerable coronary plaque

Myocardial infarction and sudden cardiac death are frequently the first manifestation of coronary artery disease. For this reason, screening of asymptomatic coronary atherosclerosis has become an attractive field of research in cardiovascular medicine. Necropsy studies have described histopathological changes associated with the development of acute coronary events. In this regard, thin-cap fibroatheroma has been identified as the main vulnerable coronary plaque feature. Hence, many imaging techniques, such as coronary computed tomography, cardiac magnetic resonance or positron emission tomography, have tried to detect noninvasively these histomorphological characteristics with different approaches. In this article, we review the role of these diagnostic tools in the detection of vulnerable coronary plaque with particular interest in their advantages and limitations as well as the clinical implications of the derived findings.
Efficient Phonetic Interpretation of Multilinear Feature Representations for Speech Recognition II

This paper presents an approach to the phonetic interpretation of multilinear feature representations of speech utterances combining linguistic knowledge and efficient computational techniques. Multilinear feature representations are processed as intervals and the linguistic knowledge used by the system takes the form of feature implication rules (constraints) represented as subsumption hierarchies which are used to validate each interval. In the case of noisy or underspecified data, the linguistic constraints can be used to enrich the representations. Experiments are also presented to show that the system is logically correct and does not introduce errors in the data, and that it deals with underspecified and noisy input.
Anesthetic Pharmacology International Society for Anaesthetic Pharmacology Modulation of Noninactivating K Channels in Rat Cerebellar Granule Neurons by Halothane, Isoflurane, and Sevoflurane

Neuronal baseline K ϩ channels were activated by several volatile anesthetics. Whole-cell recordings from cultured cerebellar granule neurons of 7-day-old male Sprague-Dawley rats showed outward-rectifying K ϩ currents with a conductance of ϳ1. 1 Ϯ 0.3 nS (n ϭ 20) at positive potentials. The channel activity was noninacti-vating, exhibited no voltage gating, and was insensitive to conventional K ϩ channel blockers. Clinically relevant concentrations of halothane (112, 224, 336, and 448 ␮M) dissolved in Ringer's solution increased outward currents by 29%, 50%, 63%, and 94%, respectively (n ϭ 5; P Ͻ 0.05; analysis of variance [ANOVA]). Similar increases in currents were produced by isoflurane (274, 411, 548, and 822 ␮M), which increased outward currents by 22%, 47%, 52%, and 60%, respectively (n ϭ 5; P Ͻ 0.05; ANOVA). Sevoflurane 518 ␮M increased outward currents by 225% (n ϭ 10; P Ͻ 0.05; ANOVA). In all experiments, channel activity quickly returned to baseline levels during wash. The outward-rectifying whole-cell current-voltage curves were consistent with the properties of anesthetic-sensitive KCNK channels. These results support the idea that noninactivating baseline K ϩ channels are important target sites of volatile general anesthetics. T he basic mechanism of anesthetic action by volatile anesthetics is not completely understood. The early hypothesis that the anesthetic state was dependent on nonspecific interactions of anesthetics with the membrane bilayer has largely given way to the current idea that membrane-associated proteins, particularly ion channels, are specifically modulated by volatile anesthetics (1). Many ligand-and voltage-gated ion channels are inhibited by volatile anesthetics (2– 4). However, these drugs potentiate the inhibitory ␥-aminobutyric acid (GABA) A and glycine receptors (5–7). Inhibition of neuronal activity via membrane hyperpolarization can be achieved not only by an influx of chloride anions (Cl Ϫ) through GABA A and glycine receptor channels, but also by the opening of K ϩ channels to allow an efflux of K ϩ. In fact, background K ϩ channels are recognized to regulate neu-ronal excitability. In addition to the actions of volatile anesthetics on GABA A and glycine receptors, accumulating evidence indicates that neuronal background K ϩ channels are positively modulated by volatile anesthetics (8 –11). These findings suggest that background K ϩ channels may be important sites at which inhaled anesthetics act to produce the anesthetic state. Over the last few years, a new subfamily of K ϩ channels (KCNK) has been identified. The members of this subfamily have structural features that suggest …
Fast place recognition with plane-based maps

This paper presents a new method for recognizing places in indoor environments based on the extraction of planar regions from range data provided by a hand-held RGB-D sensor. We propose to build a plane-based map (PbMap) consisting of a set of 3D planar patches described by simple geometric features (normal vector, centroid, area, etc.). This world representation is organized as a graph where the nodes represent the planar patches and the edges connect planes that are close by. This map structure permits to efficiently select subgraphs representing the local neighborhood of observed planes, that will be compared with other subgraphs corresponding to local neighborhoods of planes acquired previously. To find a candidate match between two subgraphs we employ an interpretation tree that permits working with partially observed and missing planes. The candidates from the interpretation tree are further checked out by a rigid registration test, which also gives us the relative pose between the matched places. The experimental results indicate that the proposed approach is an efficient way to solve this problem, working satisfactorily even when there are substantial changes in the scene (lifelong maps).
Ynot : Reasoning with the Awkward Squad

We describe an axiomatic extension to the Coq proof assistant, that supports writing, reasoning about, and extracting higher-order, dependently-typed programs with side-effects. Coq already includes a powerful functional language that supports dependent types, but that language is limited to pure, total functions. The key contribution of our extension, which we call Ynot, is the added support for computations that may have effects such as non-termination, accessing a mutable store, and throwing/catching exceptions. The axioms of Ynot form a small trusted computing base which has been formally justified in our previous work on Hoare Type Theory (HTT). We show how these axioms can be combined with the powerful type and abstraction mechanisms of Coq to build higher-level reasoning mechanisms which in turn can be used to build realistic, verified software components. To substantiate this claim, we describe here a representative series of modules that implement imperative finite maps, including support for a higherorder (effectful) iterator. The implementations range from simple (e.g., association lists) to complex (e.g., hash tables) but share a common interface which abstracts the implementation details and ensures that the modules properly implement the finite map abstraction.
Journal of Ethnobiology and Ethnomedicine Open Access Disease Concepts and Treatment by Tribal Healers of an Amazonian Forest Culture

Background: The extensive medicinal plant knowledge of Amazonian tribal peoples is widely recognized in the scientific literature and celebrated in popular lore. Despite this broad interest, the ethnomedical systems and knowledge of disease which guide indigenous utilization of botanical diversity for healing remain poorly characterized and understood. No study, to our knowledge, has attempted to directly examine patterns of actual disease recognition and treatment by healers of an Amazonian indigenous culture.
Modeling and Control of a Novel Compressed Air Energy Storage System for Offshore Wind Turbine 1

A novel compressed air energy storage system for wind turbine is proposed. It captures excess power prior to electricity generation so that electrical components can be downsized for demand instead of supply. Energy is stored in a high pressure dual chamber liquid-compressed air storage vessel. It takes advantage of the power density of hydraulics and the energy density of pneumatics in the “open accumulator” architecture. A liquid piston air compressor/expander is utilized to achieve near-isothermal compression/expansion for efficient operation. A dynamic system model as well as control laws for optimizing the turbine power, delivering required electrical power and maintaining system pressure are developed. A set of simulation case studies demonstrate the operation of the system.
Recommendations to reduce teachers' cognitive overload in authoring hypermedia

This paper presents the general design of an assistant, ARIALE (Authoring Resources for Implementing Adaptive Learning Environments), that helps decrease the teacher's cognitive load when he has to deal with traditional help techniques, complex tasks or unknown environments in the workplace. The assistant adapts learning support and problem-solving support according to teachers' characteristics, while they are authoring learning sessions to teach decision-making in Network Design. ARIALE applies on-the-job training when a teacher can not spend time learning how to use a tool or how to solve a problem. Our methods for problem-solving support include Bayesian learning to recommend network topologies and our assistant provides adapted help to use a tool rather than teach how to use it.
BUILDING POINT GROUPING USING VIEW-GEOMETRY RELATIONS

Interest points on the building facade are the basic element for 3-D building modeling and texturing. Grouping these points to the same or separate buildings is a fundamental process for establishing building models and detecting building boundaries. The grouping process is generally achieved by analyzing the geometric relation and the distances between the points in the object space, which requires precise interior and exterior orientation camera parameters. In this paper, we propose a method for grouping points on buildings in the image space and focus on the close-range stereo image problems. The highlight of this method is the capability to work with un-calibrated cameras and even with images gathered from the internet, such as Google Street View TM . Every plane in an image pair, such as building facade, has a unique homography matrix, which we exploit as the basis of grouping points lying on this plane. Three major steps in this method: Fundamental matrix estimation, grouping points to planes, and assigning planes to building facades. Projective geometry between the two images can be represented by the fundamental matrix, which can be solved using point correspondences. We apply 2D Delaunay triangulation to define a set of patches in image space. Each patch that reside on the building facade has a corresponding homography matrix can be estimated from the fundamental matrix. We group the patches based on the similarity of the estimated homography matrices for the patches and forming points into planes. Buildings are usually connected and obscured in the photograph taken in a building rich circumstance. Grouping planes into building facade require two additional steps: 1) Separating buildings that are connected in the image but not in the real world, and 2) connecting two or more planes that belong to the same building facade. These resulting building facade can then be transform to 3-D using the geometric constraint or GCPs.
Gastos com educação no período de 1994 a 1999

Os indicadores de gasto com educação apresentam alguns desafios que são a obtenção do total consolidado das três esferas de governo, a elaboração de uma série histórica e a possibilidade de poder comparar os resultados com outros países. O trabalho apresenta resultados de uma série histórica de gasto público com educação desde 1994 a 1999, por nível de ensino e por dependência administrativa, produzidos de modo a tratar os dados de financiamento e gasto público com educação a partir de uma metodologia desenvolvida pelo Instituto de Pesquisas Econômicas Aplicadas (Ipea) para a produção do gasto social brasileiro, para fazer frente àqueles desafios. A seguir, são apresentados os principais indicadores comparados entre regiões brasileiras e entre países da América do Sul e com países-membros da Organização para Cooperação e Desenvolvimento Econômico (OCDE). Com isso, pretende-se mostrar um caminho possível para o tratamento de informações relativas a financiamento e gasto público com educação utilizando-se dos balanços gerais de Estados e municípios e do Sistema Integrado de Administração Financeira (Siafi) do governo federal. Palavras-chave: custos da educação; indicadores educacionais; custo-aluno; financiamento da educação. Abstract Providing a consistent time series of finance education indicators for all three levels of government - Federal, State and Local - and making it internationally comparable represents a great challenge, due to the need of dealing with the information in a way that makes it possible to provide a collection of data for the whole government. This work presents a time series from 1994 to 1999 for all three levels of government based on a methodology originally developed by the Institute for Research of Applied Economics (Ipea) to generate indicators on Social Expenditure, in order to face those challenges. Afterwards, it presents most of the results compared among Brazilian regions and with South America as well as with OECD Countries. The goal is to present an alternative in dealing with the finance data in Brazil based on State and Local Balance Sheet Accounts and based on the Integrated Finance Management System for the Federal Government (Siafi). Keywords: education; expenditure on education; education indicators; expenditure on public education per student; education finance.
Artificial Chemistry ’ s Global Dynamic . Movements in the Lattice of Organisation

As artificial life is the study of life as it could be, artificial chemistry can be seen as the study of chemistry as it could be. In such systems molecules interact to generate new molecules, possibly different from the original ones. Here, we will focus on a general theoretical approach to study artificial chemistries. In this approach we consider the set of all possible organisations (closed and self-maintaining sets) in an artificial chemistry. As was shown in [2, 3] this set generates a lattice. We consider the dynamical movement of a system in this lattice, under the influence of its inner dynamic and random noise. We notice that some organisations, while being algebraically closed, are not stable under the influence of random external noise. While others, while being algebraically self-maintaining, do not dynamically self-maintain all their elements. This leads to a definition of attractive organisations.
Voice of the Indirect Victims: Qualitative Analysis of the Impact of Terrorism on Turkish Young Adults

ABSTRACT The experiences of young adults vicariously exposed to the terrorist attacks in Turkey were analyzed using interpretative phenomenological analysis (IPA). Semi-structured interviews were conducted with 10 participants who were recruited by word-of-mouth. The analysis revealed three superordinate themes: (a) the recollections of terrorist attacks, (b) psychological impacts, and (c) ways of coping. The first of these themes represented the specific characteristics of terrorist attacks that affected the participants more adversely than any other negative life event. The latter two themes reflected the psychological impacts of the terrorist attacks and how the participants coped with these psychological outcomes. The results showed that the psychological repercussions of terrorist attacks for indirect victims were similar to those reported for direct victims. Although adverse impacts were reported, some psychological growth outcomes were also revealed. These results are discussed with their meanings and implications for the youth.
Technical Report: Equilibrium Pricing of Interference in Cognitive Radio Networks

Dynamically allocating the available spectrum in the cognitive radio networks (CRN) where licensed users allow unlicensed users to make use of part of their allocated spectrum is a complex task. It requires, among others, that the interference generated by the CRN is well controlled. In this paper we address this problem for a particular type of interference c onstraints, in which the aggregated powers of the interference generated by the unlicensed network are required not to exceed certain thresholds. Traditional distributed “water filling” based spectrum all ocation schemes are not well equipped to enforce such interference constraints. A natural extension to thes e algorithms involves penalizing each unlicensed user with a set of time-varying prices based upon its contribution to the total interference. In this context, the network is in equilibrium if i) all interference constraints are satisfied and ii) no unlicensed user has an incentive to alter its own transmission power levels. In t his paper, we propose a distributed algorithm to compute such equilibrium in two distinctive network confi gurations: 1) the unlicensed users are mobile devices that communicate with a common access point; 2) the unlicensed users are tranceiver pairs. We show that our algorithm converges to a set of equilibria in the first scenario without restriction on the channel gains, and it converges to an equilibrium point in the second scenario under a relatively mild condition related to the channel gains.
An empirical comparison of the locations of haptic feedback in steering tasks

Haptic guidance has been investigated with force feedback for a long time. However, the equipment is expensive and affects the users' action. In this study, we use the vibration with motor to present user tactile feedback instead of force feedback. There are several different positions, inside the tunnel, outside of the tunnel and at the boundaries of tunnel, where designer can supply tactile feedback to the user. An experiment was designed to investigate how the feedback position affected user performance in trajectory tasks. Results showed that there was a significant main effect of feedback position on movement time. But there was no significant difference between three feedback positions in accuracy. Out findings suggest that vibration feedback should be applied outside of the trajectory as a warning signal.