Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Alternative Food Networks: Knowledge, Practice, and Politics

Part 1 1. Introducing Alternative Food Networks, Fair Trade Circuits and The Politics Of Food 2. Coming Home To Eat? Reflexive Localism and Just Food 3. Bridging Production and Consumption: Alternative Food Networks as Shared Knowledge Practice Part 2: Alternative Food Provisioning In Britain And Western Europe: Introduction And Antecedents 4. Rural Europe Redux? The New Territoriality and Rural Development 5. Into the Mainstream: The Politics Of Quality 6. Changing Paradigms? Food Security Debates and Grassroots Food Re-Localization Movements in Britain and Western Europe Part 3: Alternative Food Movements In The US: Formative Years, Mainstreaming, Civic Governance And Knowing Sustainability 7. Broken Promises? US Alternative Food Movements, Origins and Debates 8. Resisting Mainstreaming, Maintaining Alterity 9. Sustainable Agriculture as Knowing and Growing Part 4: Globalizing Alternative Food Movements: The Cultural Material Politics of Fair Trade 10. The Shifting Cultural Politics of Fair Trade: From Transparent to Virtual Livelihoods 11. The Price and Practices of Quality: The Shifting Materialities of Fair Trade Networks 12. The Practices and Politics of a Globalized AFN: Whither the Possibilities and Problematics of Fair Trade? 13. Concluding Thoughts
The Uzbek Growth Puzzle

After the breakup of the Soviet Union, Uzbekistan's output fell less than in any other former Soviet republic, and growth turned positive in 1996/97. Given the country's hesitant and idiosyncratic approach to reforms, this record has surprised many observers. This paper first shows that a standard panel model of growth in transition systematically underpredicts Uzbek growth from 1992-1996, confirming the view that Uzbekistan's performance constitutes a puzzle. It then attempts to resolve the puzzle by extending the model in a way that encompasses competing hypotheses of what makes Uzbekistan's output path unusual. The main result is that Uzbekistan's performance can be accounted for by a combination of low initial industrialization, its cotton production, and its self-sufficiency in energy.
A comparative trial of the clinical evaluation exercise.

The American Board of Internal Medicine (ABIM) has ultimate responsibility for certifying trainees in internal medicine. Before 1972, the certification process included a mandatory oral examination after the successful completion of a written examination. Every candidate examined two patients and was then evaluated at the bedside by an examiner selected by the ABIM. For a variety of reasons, certification examinations were changed to a completely written format in 1972. 1 The burden of certifying bedside skills of trainees became the responsibility of the director and the staff of the training program. The ABIM was appropriately concerned that formal observations of house officers' nonwritten skills actually occur. 2 Since 1973, regular site visits to training programs have been made to encourage a systematic approach to the evaluation of bedside clinical skills. 3 Recently, this encouragement has become more explicit. The ABIM has circulated what it considers to be an ideal format
GPU-accelerated hash and wildcard hybrid flow switching for tackling massive flow entries

GPU-accelerated high performance switching design using hybrid flow tables allocated in host and GPU memories is proposed based on LightFlow architecture. In this work, careful placement of hash and wildcard tables is proposed considering overhead of data copy during lookup process, in order to tackle massive flow entries using commodity hardware. Experimental results show that the proposal achieves 14.6 Mpps which is the fastest record of the software flow switch operated under a large scale reaching 4 million flow entries. With this proposal, it is also demonstrated that the average processing delay is about one forth compared with Open vSwitch.
Uncertainty Analysis of the Life-Cycle Greenhouse Gas Emissions and Energy Renewability of Biofuels

Biofuels can contribute substantially to energy security and socio-economic development. However, significant disagreement and controversies exist regarding the actual energy and greenhouse gas (GHG) savings of biofuels displacing fossil fuels. A large number of publications that analyze the life-cycle of biofuel systems present varying and sometimes contradictory conclusions, even for the same biofuel type (Farrell et al., 2006; Malca and Freire, 2004, 2006, 2011; Gnansounou et al., 2009; van der Voet et al., 2010; Borjesson and Tufvesson, 2011). Several aspects have been found to affect the calculation of energy and GHG savings, namely land use change issues and modeling assumptions (Gnansounou et al., 2009; Malca and Freire, 2011). Growing concerns in recent years that the production of biofuels might not respect minimum sustainability requirements led to the publication of Directive 2009/28/EC in the European Union (EPC 2009) and the National Renewable Fuel Standard Program in the USA (EPA 2010), imposing for example the attainment of minimum GHG savings compared to fossil fuels displaced. The calculation of life cycle GHG emission savings is subject to significant uncertainty, but current biofuel life-cycle studies do not usually consider uncertainty. Most often, life-cycle assessment (LCA) practitioners build deterministic models to approximate real systems and thus fail to capture the uncertainty inherent in LCA (Lloyd and Ries, 2007). This type of approach results in outcomes that may be erroneously interpreted, or worse, may promote decisions in the wrong direction (Lloyd and Ries, 2007; Plevin, 2010). It is, therefore, important for sound decision support that uncertainty is taken into account in the life-cycle modeling of biofuels. Under this context, this chapter has two main goals: i) to present a robust framework to incorporate uncertainty in the life-cycle modeling of biofuel systems; and ii) to describe the application of this framework to vegetable oil fuel in Europe. In addition, results are compared with conventional (fossil) fuels to evaluate potential savings achieved through displacement. Following this approach, both the overall uncertainty and the relative importance of the different types of uncertainty can be assessed. Moreover, the relevance of addressing uncertainty issues in biofuels life-cycle studies instead of using average deterministic approaches can be evaluated, namely through identification of important aspects that deserve further study to reduce the overall uncertainty of the system.
The Effect of Energy Prices on Operation and Investment in OECD Countries: Evidence from the Vintage Capital Model

This paper analyzes the effect of energy prices on energy efficiency, separately accounting for operational and investment choices in different sectors. For this purpose, capital stock is characterised by vintages with different intensities of energy use, calculated as a function of exogenously-evolving technology availability and energy prices. Our model separately accounts for substitution between inputs to for production (labour, energy and materials), and the potential for more efficient use of these inputs by choosing more efficient technologies at the time of investment. The model is estimated for 23 OECD countries across four sectors, and their respective prices for final energy consumption over the period 1990-2005. Vintage representation of capital stock significantly improves the explanatory value of the model at the sector level. Our results imply that rising energy costs result in substantial decline in energy use in the long-run.
Clinical significance of lymphovascular invasion in upper urinary tract urothelial cancer

To clarify the significance of lymphovascular invasion (LVI) in patients with pT3N0M0 upper urinary tract (UUT) urothelial carcinoma (UC) relative to prognosis in terms of disease‐specific survival, as LVI, which implies both blood vessel and lymph vessel involvement, is reportedly a poor prognostic factor in patients with UUT‐UC.
Organizational change, leadership and ethics : leading organizations towards sustainability

Given recent financial crises and scandals, the rise of corporate social responsibility and the challenge of environmental sustainability, few would disagree that the role of ethics has taken centre stage in the management of organizations. In reality, however, organizations have found it extremely difficult to promote successful, ethical behaviour as this rarely results in short-term gains which can be appraised and rewarded. By and Burnes bring together leading international scholars in the fields of organizational change and leadership to explore and understand the context, theory and successful promotion of ethical behaviour in organizations. By focusing on real world examples, contributors analyze the issues and challenges that hinder ethical change leadership which can lead to sustainable organizations. This unique volume brings together the worlds of organizational change, leadership, business ethics and corporate social responsibility, resulting in a book that will be valuable reading in all four fields. With contributions from leading scholars, including David Boje, Dexter Dunphy, Suzanne Benn and Carl Rhodes, Organizational Change, Leadership and Ethics is a must-read.
Ballistic food transport in birds: the example of Casuarius casuarius

Ballistic food transport in birds: the example of Casuarius casuarius M. Harte a , P. Legreneur b , E. Pelle a , M-A. Placide a & V. Bels a c a Museum National d'Histoire Naturelle, 55 Rue Buffon, F-75231, Paris Cedex 5, France b EA 647, CRIS, Universite de Lyon, 27-29 bd du 11 Novembre 1918, F-69622, Villeurbanne Cedex, France c UMons, Institut de Biologie, Mons, Belgique Version of record first published: 26 Sep 2012.
SUBPIAL HEMORRHAGE IN INFANTS

Nine cases of subpial hemorrhage were characterized by hematomas dissecting underneath the pia mater without evidence of hemorrhage into the subarachnoid space or into the brain parenchyma. All were of recent occurrence. Seven of the cases were premature babies with respiratory distress syndrome, one mature, the ninth a 13 month child. In five of the cases the subpial hemorrhages were over the temporal and parietal lobes, the rest cerebellar. Subpial hemorrhage may be a variant of the asphyetic leptomeningeal hemorrhages in respiratory distress syndrome, but it deserves recognition for its distinct features, pathogenesis and as a lesion which may entail local superficial cerebral siderosis.
Earlier expression of the transcription factor HFH‐11B diminishes induction of p21CIP1/WAF1 levels and accelerates mouse hepatocyte entry into S‐phase following carbon tetrachloride liver injury

Partial hepatectomy (PH) or toxic liver injury induces the proliferation of terminally differentiated hepatic cells to regenerate the original size of the adult liver. Previous PH liver regeneration studies showed that premature transgenic expression of the Forkhead Box M1b (FoxM1b, HFH‐11B) transcription factor accelerated hepatocyte entry into DNA replication (S‐phase). In this study, we used carbon tetrachloride (CCl4) liver injury to induce a different type of mouse liver regeneration and show that premature hepatic HFH‐11B levels also accelerate the onset of hepatocyte S‐phase in this injury model. Unlike PH liver regeneration, earlier hepatocyte proliferation after CCl4 liver injury is correlated with diminished transgenic hepatic levels of p21CIP1/WAF1 at the G1/S transition of the cell cycle. Differential hybridization of cDNA arrays and RNase protection studies determined that CCl4 regenerating liver of transgenic mice displayed early stimulated expression of the S‐phase promoting cyclin D1 and cyclin E and sustained levels of Cdc25a phosphatase genes. Compared with previous PH liver regeneration studies, our data suggest that premature expression of HFH‐11B activates distinct S‐phase promotion pathways in the CCl4 liver injury model. Although proliferating transgenic hepatocytes induced by either PH or CCl4 liver injury displayed early expression of identical M‐phase cyclin genes (cyclin B1, B2, A2, and F), only CCl4 regenerating transgenic liver exhibited earlier expression of the M‐phase promoting Cdc25b. These studies suggest that CCl4 injury of transgenic liver not only uses the same mechanisms as PH to mediate accelerated hepatocyte entry into mitosis, but also promotes M‐phase entry by stimulating Cdc25b expression.
Dividend yields are equity risk premiums

This article presents evidence that dividend yields are directly related to and predict future stock returns: The higher the yield, the higher the stock return. The paper uses the constant dividend growth model and the subsidiary Golden Rule of Accumulation view that real long-term growth equals the real rate of interest in order to show that the dividend yield is directly related to the risk premium. A predictive test shows that dividend yields provide superior predictions of equity risk premiums in terms of lower bias, lower mean square error and lower mean absolute error as compared with the method of using historical realized returns.
Adverse effects of metallic artifacts on voxel-wise analysis and tract-based spatial statistics in diffusion tensor imaging

Background Diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) is a magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) technique that reflects the Brownian motion of water molecules constrained within brain tissue. Fractional anisotropy (FA) is one of the most commonly measured DTI parameters, and can be applied to quantitative analysis of white matter as tract-based spatial statistics (TBSS) and voxel-wise analysis. Purpose To show an association between metallic implants and the results of statistical analysis (voxel-wise group comparison and TBSS) for fractional anisotropy (FA) mapping, in DTI of healthy adults. Material and Methods Sixteen healthy volunteers were scanned with 3-Tesla MRI. A magnetic keeper type of dental implant was used as the metallic implant. DTI was acquired three times in each participant: (i) without a magnetic keeper (FAnon1); (ii) with a magnetic keeper (FAimp); and (iii) without a magnetic keeper (FAnon2) as reproducibility of FAnon1. Group comparisons with paired t-test were performed as FAnon1 vs. FAnon2, and as FAnon1 vs. FAimp. Results Regions of significantly reduced and increased local FA values were revealed by voxel-wise group comparison analysis (a P value of less than 0.05, corrected with family-wise error), but not by TBSS. Conclusion Metallic implants existing outside the field of view produce artifacts that affect the statistical analysis (voxel-wise group comparisons) for FA mapping. When statistical analysis for FA mapping is conducted by researchers, it is important to pay attention to any dental implants present in the mouths of the participants.
Automated Left Ventricle Segmentation in Cardiac MRIs using Convolutional Neural Networks

We train a Convolutional Neural Network to perform semantic segmentation on cardiac MRI images to identify the left ventricle and leverage it to compute the volume of the ventricle throughout the course of a heartbeat. To help generalize and prevent overfitting, we propose a series of preprocessing and data augmentation steps centering around the application of image filters. We then evaluate the efficacy of a custom loss function designed to ensure consistency between predictions at nearby points in time. Finally, we demonstrate the value of post-processing the output to ensure that the final left ventricle prediction is a single filled and contiguous region.
Electrophysiological and morphological properties of pre‐autonomic neurones in the rat hypothalamic paraventricular nucleus

1 The cellular properties of pre‐autonomic neurones in the hypothalamic paraventricular nucleus (PVN) were characterized by combining in vivo retrograde tracing techniques, in vitro patch‐clamp recordings and three‐dimensional reconstruction of recorded neurones in adult hypothalamic slices. 2 The results showed that PVN pre‐autonomic neurones constitute a heterogeneous neuronal population. Based on morphological criteria, neurones were classified into three subgroups. Type A neurones (52 %) were located in the ventral parvocellular (PaV) subnucleus, and showed an oblique orientation with respect to the third ventricle (3V). Type B neurones (25 %) were located in the posterior parvocellular (PaPo) subnucleus, and were oriented perpendicularly with respect to the 3V. Type C neurones (23 %) were located in both the PaPo (82 %) and the PaV (18 %) subnuclei, and displayed a concentric dendritic configuration. 3 A morphometric analysis revealed significant differences in the dendritic configuration among neuronal types. Type B neurones had the most complex dendritic arborization, with longer and more branching dendritic trees. 4 Several electrophysiological properties, including cell input resistance and action potential waveforms, differed between cell types, suggesting that the expression and/or properties of a variety of ion channels differ between neuronal types. 5 Common features of PVN pre‐autonomic neurones included the expression of a low‐threshold spike and strong inward rectification. These properties distinguished them from neighbouring magnocellular vasopressin neurones. 6 In summary, these results indicate that PVN pre‐autonomic neurones constitute a heterogeneous neuronal population, and provide a cellular basis for the study of their involvement in the pathophysiology of hypertension and congestive heart failure disorders.
The effects of the enforcement strategy

The conventional economic literature on law enforcement provides no satisfactory explanation for the enforcement policies in the field of environmental regulation, safety regulation and health regulation. In these fields enforcement usually applies administrative law sanctions and is characterized primarily by advice, persuasion and warnings. This is illustrated for the enforcement of fire safety regulation in bars and restaurants by Dutch municipalities. I demonstrate that economic analyses are well able to explain the benefits and need of an enforcement policy of advice, persuasion and warnings. However, it is also true that in the specific field analyzed a more deterrent policy by more severe punishment will most likely improve compliance. As such, the general economic argument of the benefits of deterrence should not be abandoned.
Participatory Publics: Civil Society and New Institutions in Democratic Brazil

Brazil is home to some of the most successful experiences in participatory local government. The proliferation of civil society organizations in Brazil during the transition to democratic rule was accompanied by the development of new political values and strategies that fostered institutional renewal at the municipal level. Brazil's 1988 constitution decentralized political authority, thereby granting municipal administrations sufficient resources and political independence to restructure policymaking processes. Coalitions of civil society organizations and political reformers have taken advantage of this flexibility to experiment with new institutional types. The political strategies of civil society organizations are often driven by the need to find immediate solutions to dire social problems and by a broader interest in increasing the access of ordinary citizens to key decision-making venues. The strategies of the political reformers, often led by the left-of-center Workers' Party (PT), have been based on transforming how and to whom public goods are distributed. Scholars in the theoretical debate on democratization have missed key linkages among civil society activists, local participation, governing coalitions, and institutions because they have conceived of only two mutually exclusive options, the demobilization of civil society in posttransition settings and the emergence of counterinstitutional civil society organizations of a social movement type. These theoretical frameworks are unable to show how Brazil's civil society is linked to efforts to expand the institutional terrain on which citizens compete for political resources. This article identifies cases in Brazil where civil society organizations challenge old practices, such as clientelism and patronage, while simultaneously offering concrete alternatives for new practices, strategies, and institutions. The specific political strategies developed by civil society organizations during Brazil's transition to democracy fostered the creation of deliberative policymaking institutions. One institutional type, participatory budgeting, incorporates citizens into deliberative decision-making venues. Political activity within civil society has led to significant political and social change in municipal government in Brazil, belying claims that Brazil finds itself trapped in a "deadlocked democracy. "' Participatory budgeting was initiated in 1989 in the municipality of Porto Alegre
Selective eating in a 9-year-old boy: Family therapy as a first-line treatment

Whilst empirical studies continue to demonstrate the efficacy of family-based therapy in the treatment of adolescent anorexia nervosa, less comprehensive evidence exists in guiding the treatment of pre-adolescent eating disorders, which are typically characterised by a greater variety of symptom presentation. We present the case of a pre-adolescent male who met criteria for selective eating who was treated into full remission with eating-disorder-focused family therapy. This family-based intervention deviated significantly from recently manualised family-based therapy interventions, and we suggest continued exploration of family therapy techniques in the treatment of pre-adolescent eating disorders.
Government Expenditures and the Permanent-Income Model

There is a substantial empirical literature which examines the relationship between private and public consumption. The conclusions from this literature, however, are generally mixed. In this paper, we attempt to provide some additional evidence on this relationship. We consider a two-good permanent-income model which allows us to estimate both the intraperiod and intertemporal elasticities of substitution. The estimation strategy proceeds in two steps. In the first step we use cointegration methods to estimate the intraperiod preference parameter, while in the second step we estimate the intertemporal parameter via a generalized method of moments. A useful implication of this approach is that it allows us to use the estimated preference parameters to shed some light on whether private and public consumptions are best described as complements, substitutes, or unrelated occurrences (in a Edgeworth-Pareto sense). (Copyright: Elsevier)
Effective graft‐versus‐leukaemia effect after allogeneic stem cell transplantation using reduced‐intensity preparative regimens in Fanconi anaemia patients with myelodysplastic syndrome or acute myeloid leukaemia

Summary. Allogeneic transplantation is the only curative treatment for Fanconi anaemia (FA) patients who develop myeloid malignancies. Dose‐intensive preparative regimens, to decrease disease recurrence, lead to unacceptable transplant‐related toxicity in FA. We report the outcome of three FA patients with such malignancies who underwent transplantation with reduced‐intensity preparative regimens. This approach was well tolerated, even as second transplantations, and resulted in complete leukaemic remissions. However, the graft‐versus‐leukaemia effect was associated with fatal graft‐versus‐host disease. Even after transplantation, myeloid malignancies remain associated with a poor outcome in FA, and this argues in favour of early intervention when suitable donors are available.