Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Dynamics of microtubules bundled by microtubule associated protein 2C (MAP2C)

MAP2C is a microtubule-associated protein abundant in immature nerve cells. We isolated a cDNA clone encoding whole mouse MAP2C of 467 amino acid residues. In fibroblasts transiently transfected with cDNA of MAP2C, interphase microtubule networks were reorganized into microtubule bundles. To reveal the dynamic properties of microtubule bundles, we analyzed the incorporation sites of exogenously introduced tubulin by microinjection of biotin-labeled tubulin and the turnover rate of microtubule bundles by photoactivation of caged fluorescein- labeled tubulin. The injected biotin-labeled tubulin was rapidly incorporated into distal ends of preexisting microtubule bundles, suggesting a concentration of the available ends of microtubules at this region. Although homogenous staining of microtubule bundles with antibiotin antibody was observed 2 h after injection, the photoactivation study indicated that turnover of microtubule bundles was extremely suppressed and < 10% of tubulin molecules would be exchanged within 1 h. Multiple photoactivation experiments provided evidence that neither catastrophic disassembly at the distal ends of bundles nor concerted disassembly due to treadmilling at the proximal ends could explain the observed rapid incorporation of exogenously introduced tubulin molecules. We conclude that microtubules bundled by MAP2C molecules are very stable while the abrupt increase of free tubulin molecules by microinjection results in rapid assembly from the distal ends within the bundles as well as free nucleation of small microtubules which are progressively associated laterally with preexisting microtubule bundles. This is the first detailed study of the function of MAPs on the dynamics of microtubules in vivo.
Symbolic Causal Networks for Reasoning about Actions and Plans

We present an approach for reasoning about actions and plans when domain knowledge is represented by a symbolic causal network, which is a principled, logical representation of a domain that explicates its perceived causal structure. The proposed approach shows that causal structures can play a key role in logical reasoning about actions given their effective role in dealing with some of the problems associated with such reasoning, including the frame, ramification, and concurrency problems.
Providing for an Open, Real-time Corba

While CORBA provides an infrastructure which allows objects to communicate, independent of the spe-ciic techniques, languages, and platforms used to implement the objects, it is not yet suited for real-time applications since CORBA lacks essential quality-of-service (QoS) features. Current work on real-time CORBA includes an oo-line scheduled, hard, real-time system based on rate-monotonic scheduling and an on-line scheduled, best-eeort, real-time system based on the earliest-deadline-rst algorithm. The former provides QoS guarantees at the expense of run-time scheduling exibility while the latter provides the complement. In this paper, we propose an approach which provides the advantages of both, that is, QoS guarantees and run-time scheduling exibility.
Sensorless finite control set predictive current control for an induction machine

Finite control set predictive current control is a new solution for control of electrical drive systems. The system has a straightforward control scheme. Current errors between the reference and the predictive values are evaluated in cost function. In this paper, an extended Kalman filter is used for predictive current control to realize sensorless predictive control. The results verify that this sensorless system can achieve very good performance both at steady and transient states.
Measuring action potential-evoked transmission at individual synaptic contacts

In the neuronal culture experimental system, the total synaptic connection between two neurons can consist of large numbers of synaptic sites, each behaving probabilistically. Studies of synaptic function with paired recordings typically consider the summed response across all of these sites and from this infer the average response. Understanding of synaptic transmission and plasticity could be improved by examination of activity at as few synaptic sites as possible. To this end, we develop a system for recording responses from individual contacts. It relies on a precisely regulated pneumatic/hydrostatic pressure system to create a microenvironment within which individual synapses are active, and an acoustic signature method to monitor the stability of this microenvironment noninvasively. With this method we are able to record action potential-evoked postsynaptic currents consistent with individual quanta. The approach does not distort synaptic current waveforms and permits stable recording for several hours. The method is applied to address mechanisms of short-term plasticity, the variability of latency at individual synaptic sites and, in a preliminary experiment, the independence of nearby synapses on the same axon.
Plug-and-play application platform: towards mobile peer-to-peer

While peer-to-peer (P2P) has emerged as a new hot communication concept among the Internet users, mobile usage of P2P applications is still taking its first steps. This article first elaborates the evolutionary process that P2P architectures are going through. Challenges and requirements for mobile P2P are then identified, followed by a definition of a novel Plug-and-Play Application Platform (PnPAP). This platform enables dynamic selections between diverse P2P and session management protocols while preserving the best available network connectivity through Holistic Connectivity (HCon) management. On-the-fly reconfiguration and run-time parameter optimization can be done with a lightweight interpretable state machine. The concept enables flexible and seamless communications for mobile devices in P2P networks.
Keap1 Is a Redox-Regulated Substrate Adaptor Protein for a Cul3-Dependent Ubiquitin Ligase Complex

ABSTRACT The bZIP transcription factor Nrf2 controls a genetic program that protects cells from oxidative damage and maintains cellular redox homeostasis. Keap1, a BTB-Kelch protein, is the major upstream regulator of Nrf2 and controls both the subcellular localization and steady-state levels of Nrf2. In this report, we demonstrate that Keap1 functions as a substrate adaptor protein for a Cul3-dependent E3 ubiquitin ligase complex. Keap1 assembles into a functional E3 ubiquitin ligase complex with Cul3 and Rbx1 that targets multiple lysine residues located in the N-terminal Neh2 domain of Nrf2 for ubiquitin conjugation both in vivo and in vitro. Keap1-dependent ubiquitination of Nrf2 is inhibited following exposure of cells to quinone-induced oxidative stress and sulforaphane, a cancer-preventive isothiocyanate. A mutant Keap1 protein containing a single cysteine-to-serine substitution at residue 151 within the BTB domain of Keap1 is markedly resistant to inhibition by either quinone-induced oxidative stress or sulforaphane. Inhibition of Keap1-dependent ubiquitination of Nrf2 correlates with decreased association of Keap1 with Cul3. Neither quinone-induced oxidative stress nor sulforaphane disrupts association between Keap1 and Nrf2. Our results suggest that the ability of Keap1 to assemble into a functional E3 ubiquitin ligase complex is the critical determinant that controls steady-state levels of Nrf2 in response to cancer-preventive compounds and oxidative stress.
Low-Power SRAM and ROM Memories

Memories are a main concern in low-power and high-speed designs. In a processor based SoC (System on Chip), they limit most of the time the speed and are the main part of the power consumption. For SRAM memories in 0. 25μm, several improved low-power techniques have been applied, such as divided word lines at word level, physically split bitlines and a new asymmetrical RAM cell. Furthermore, to be capable of working at any supply voltage, and to take advantage of the new cell, sense amplifiers have been removed. This simple solution avoids noise problems, and in spite of the full swing on bitlines, the results show that power consumption performances are quite interesting: for a 8 Kbytes SRAM, at 0.8 Volt, the access time is 74 ns while consuming 7 uA/MHz (at 2.5 Volts, the access time is 3.5 ns and the power consumption 22 uA/MHz).
Matrix metalloproteinase-9 in bronchiolitis obliterans syndrome after lung transplantation

Bronchiolitis obliterans syndrome (BOS) is a severe complication after lung transplantation (LTX). In a retrospective cohort study 12 stable healthy recipients (non-BOS) and eight patients with BOS were enrolled after LTX and matrix metalloproteinases (MMP)-9, TIMP-1 and cell characteristics in bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) samples (n = 145) were analysed. BALs from patients with BOS were further divided according to whether they were obtained before (pre-BOS) or after manifestation of BOS (BOS group). The MMP-9/TIMP-1 ratio was significantly increased in the BOS group compared with non-BOS or pre-BOS; furthermore, the ratio was negatively correlated with forced expiratory volume in one second. In zymography, the active form of MMP-9 was detected predominantly in the BOS group. In addition, zymography showed the banding pattern of neutrophil-derived MMP-9, indicating that polymorphonuclear neutrophils (PMNs) were the main source of MMP-9. According to that, MMP-9 was significantly correlated with the number of PMN. In immunocytochemistry, MMP-9 was also associated predominantly with PMN. This is the first study to evaluate the expression of matrix metalloproteinase-9 and tissue inhibitors of metalloproteinases-1 over time during manifestation of a fibroproliferative lung disease in patients. It demonstrates development of bronchiolitis obliterans syndrome after lung transplantation is associated with an imbalance of matrix metalloproteinases-9/tissue inhibitors of metalloproteinase-1 ratio.
Topic Oriented User Influence Analysis in Social Networks

Social networks are widely used to organize events and activities for a group of users, so they can provide an opportunity of enhancing the group recommendation. As there are kinds of information on different topics in social networks, it is important to analyze the topical user influence. In this paper, we propose a topic oriented user influence analysis for group recommendation. Firstly, we consider that each user has different influences on different topics, so we calculate the user topical influence on different topics. Secondly, we construct a number of topical sub-groups depending on topics, and we use four user-factors to calculate the user social influence on these topical sub-groups more accurately. Thirdly, the user topical influence analysis is used to calculate the predicted rating of the topical sub-group by aggregating weighted ratings of all users in the sub-group. Finally, the experimental results demonstrate the effectiveness and efficiency of our topic-oriented user influence analysis method, which can improve the recommendation accuracy for the group.
Variant profiling of evolving prokaryotic populations

Genomic heterogeneity of bacterial species is observed and studied in experimental evolution experiments and clinical diagnostics, and occurs as micro-diversity of natural habitats. The challenge for genome research is to accurately capture this heterogeneity with the currently used short sequencing reads. Recent advances in NGS technologies improved the speed and coverage and thus allowed for deep sequencing of bacterial populations. This facilitates the quantitative assessment of genomic heterogeneity, including low frequency alleles or haplotypes. However, false positive variant predictions due to sequencing errors and mapping artifacts of short reads need to be prevented. We therefore created VarCap, a workflow for the reliable prediction of different types of variants even at low frequencies. In order to predict SNPs, InDels and structural variations, we evaluated the sensitivity and accuracy of different software tools using synthetic read data. The results suggested that the best sensitivity could be reached by a union of different tools, however at the price of increased false positives. We identified possible reasons for false predictions and used this knowledge to improve the accuracy by post-filtering the predicted variants according to properties such as frequency, coverage, genomic environment/localization and co-localization with other variants. We observed that best precision was achieved by using an intersection of at least two tools per variant. This resulted in the reliable prediction of variants above a minimum relative abundance of 2%. VarCap is designed for being routinely used within experimental evolution experiments or for clinical diagnostics. The detected variants are reported as frequencies within a VCF file and as a graphical overview of the distribution of the different variant/allele/haplotype frequencies. The source code of VarCap is available at https://github.com/ma2o/VarCap. In order to provide this workflow to a broad community, we implemeted VarCap on a Galaxy webserver, which is accessible at http://galaxy.csb. univie.ac. at.
Islamization by Secular Ruling Parties: The Case of Bangladesh

Abstract As of yet, Islamization by secular ruling parties has hardly been investigated in depth. To bridge this gap, the present article reviews the existing literature on Islamization, synthesizes the scattered existing theoretical insights on Islamization by secular actors and applies them to the case of Bangladesh. It argues that, especially when they act in conjunction, three main conditions can drive secular rulers to Islamize public policy: first, the rise of Islamist social movements; second, fierce political competition; and third, (semi-)authoritarian rule. Focusing on the current Awami League (AL) government, the article shows how these three factors have interacted to produce a top-down process of state-led Islamization in Bangladesh.
Detection of Lyman-α emission from a DLA galaxy: Possible implications for a luminosity-metallicity relation at z = 2-3

In an ongoing programme to identify a sample of high z DLA galaxies we have found the long sought for case of a Ly α emitter seen in the centre of a broad DLA trough. This is the predicted “textbook case” of an intervening DLA galaxy if DLA galaxies are small, but would not be expected if intervening high redshift DLA galaxies have large gaseous disks. The Ly α flux is $\rm 5.4^{+2}_{-0.8}\times 10^{-17}~erg~ s^{-1}~cm^{-2}$ similar to what has been found in previously known high z DLA galaxies. The impact parameter is found to be $0\farcs3\pm 0\farcs3$. This is smaller than what was found in previous cases but still consistent with random sight-lines through absorbers with mean impact parameter $\approx $1´´. Of the 24 DLAs targeted in the NICMOS imaging survey five have now been identified as Ly α emitters. The DLA galaxies with detected Ly α emission tend to have higher interstellar metallicities than those with undetected Ly α emission. This is plausibly explained as a consequence of a positive correlation between the Ly α line luminosities of the galaxies and their metallicities, although the present sample is too small for a definitive conclusion. The available observations of high-redshift DLA galaxies are also consistent with a negative correlation between Ly α equivalent widths and metallicities, as seen in nearby star-forming galaxies and usually attributed to the preferential absorption of Ly α photons by dust grains.
Politics and the right to work: India’s national rural employment guarantee act

stigma of rape. flung right back at the oppressors’ (2). In the last chapter, ‘Impunity of Law and Custom’, Pratiksha Baxi brings forth how courts have been introducing ‘hyper technicalities’ (322), which hollow the law of its constitutional content and allow the perpetrators of sex crimes to go unpunished, while relegating violence against Dalits and other impoverished groups to the background. The book also explores sexual violence through the caste lens. A detailed analysis of caste-based sexual violence, however, should be the focus of a separate project, instead of being hastily highlighted in the last two chapters. Fault Lines of History breaks the barriers of silence regarding the state’s role as a perpetrator of violence in South Asia. It marks an important step for South Asian feminist scholarship, as it attempts to bridge the gap between academia and activism and examine the gendered workings of state institutions.
Jealousy as a Specific Emotion: The Dynamic Functional Model

We review the jealousy literature and present our Dynamic Functional Model of Jealousy (DFMJ), which argues that jealousy evolved and has its own unique motivational state aimed at preventing others from usurping important relationships. It has a core form that exists in infants and nonhuman animals and an elaborated form in humans that emerges as cognitive sophistication develops. The DFMJ proposes that jealousy is an unfolding process with early and late phases that can be differentially impacted by relationship and personality factors. It also notes the importance of looking at multiple concomitants of jealousy, including action tendencies. We discuss how jealousy fits with current emotion theories and suggest that theories of specific emotions need to be broadened.
Intravenous thrombolysis guided by a telemedicine consultation system for acute ischaemic stroke patients in China: the protocol of a multicentre historically controlled study

Introduction The rate of intravenous thrombolysis with tissue-type plasminogen activator or urokinase for stroke patients is extremely low in China. It has been demonstrated that a telestroke service may help to increase the rate of intravenous thrombolysis and improve stroke care quality in local hospitals. The aim of this study, also called the Acute Stroke Advancing Program, is to evaluate the effectiveness and safety of decision-making concerning intravenous thrombolysis via a telemedicine consultation system for acute ischaemic stroke patients in China. Methods and analysis This is a multicentre historically controlled study with a planned enrolment of 300 participants in each of two groups. The telestroke network consists of one hub hospital and 14 spoke hospitals in underserved regions of China. The usual stroke care quality in the spoke hospitals without guidance from the hub hospital will be used as the historical control. The telemedicine consultation system is an interactive, two-way, wireless, audiovisual system accessed on portable devices. The primary outcome is the percentage of patients treated with intravenous thrombolysis within 4.5 h of stroke onset. Ethics and dissemination The project has been approved by the Institutional Review Board of Xijing Hospital. The results will be published in scientific journals and presented to local government and relevant institutes. Trial registration number NCT02088346 (12 March 2014).
An evolutionary algorithm for global induction of regression and model trees

Most tree-based algorithms are typical top-down approaches that search only for locally optimal decisions at each node and does not guarantee the globally optimal solution. In this paper, we would like to propose a new evolutionary algorithm for global induction of univariate regression trees and model trees that associate leaves with simple linear regression models. The general structure of our solution follows a typical framework of evolutionary algorithms with an unstructured population and a generational selection. We propose specialised genetic operators to mutate and cross-over individuals (trees), fitness function that base on the Bayesian information criterion and smoothing process that improves the prediction accuracy of the model tree. Performed experiments on 15 real-life datasets show that proposed solution can be significantly less complex with at least comparable performance to the classical top-down counterparts.
A Web Simulator to Assist in the Teaching of Bayes’ Theorem

Abstract Teaching some concepts in statistics greatly benefits from individual practice with immediate feedback. In order to provide such practice to a large number of students we have written a simulator based on an historical event: the loss in May 22, 1968, and subsequent search for the nuclear submarine USS Scorpion. Students work on a simplified version of the search and can see probabilities change in response to new evidence. The simulator is designed to assist in the teaching of Bayesian concepts, in particular Bayesian updating. It has been deployed in our courses and our experience and results are described, as well as the reactions of our students to its use. The simulator is open source, freely available and easy to implement and run, as it only requires a machine to serve web pages. We explain in detail our experience with its deployment and use.
A Swarm-Intelligence-Based Intrusion Detection Technique

†Summary A Swarm-intelligence-based intrusion detection technique is proposed to in order to reduce the misjudgment & misdetection and increase the real-time response in the existing intrusion detection techniques show. Separating a huge and complicated intrusion detection system into severer independent detection units with unique function so that the amount of detection data processing and the complexity of detection signature selecting, which are the main factors affecting the application performance of existing intrusion detection techniques, are reduced significantly. Moreover, by utilizing the information from each independent detection unit, the complicated intrusion of the entire intrusion detection system can be detected. The key techniques for the implementation of the proposed system include the user trace under the environment of network, the interception and detection of real-time system calls, and the efficient access of shared information base. The according solutions are given in the article.
Transient restoration of gene rearrangement at multiple T cell receptor loci in gamma-irradiated scid mice

The developmental arrest of thymocytes from scid mice, deficient in variable, (diversity), and joining, or V(D)J recombination, can be overcome by sublethal gamma-irradiation. Since previous studies focused on restoration of rearrangement of the T cell receptor (TCR) beta locus, productive rearrangement of which is selected for, we sought to examine to what extent locus specificity and cellular selection contributed to the observed effects. We report here that irradiation of newborn scid mice induces normal V-D-J rearrangements of the TCR delta locus, which like TCR beta, is also actively rearranged in CD(4-)CD(8-) (double negative) thymocytes. In contrast, no complete V-J alpha rearrangements were detected. Instead, we detected substantial levels of hairpin-terminated coding ends at the 5' end of the J alpha locus, demonstrating that TCR alpha rearrangements manifest the effects of the scid mutation. Irradiation, therefore, transiently compensates for the effects of the scid mutation in a locus-nonspecific manner in thymocytes, resulting in a burst of normal TCR beta and delta rearrangements. Irradiation also allows the development of cells that can initiate but fail to complete V(D)J recombination events at the TCR alpha locus, which is normally inaccessible in scid thymocytes.
Multilinear image analysis for facial recognition

Natural images are the composite consequence of multiple factors related to scene structure, illumination, and imaging. For facial images, the factors include different facial geometries, expressions, head poses, and lighting conditions. We apply, multilinear algebra, the algebra of higher-order tensors, to obtain a parsimonious representation of facial image ensembles which separates these factors. Our representation, called TensorFaces, yields improved facial recognition rates relative to standard eigenfaces.