Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
A quantitative study of cell death and mitotic inhibition in gamma-irradiated imaginal wing discs of Drosophila melanogaster.

JAMES, A. A. , AND BRYANT, P. J. Cell Death AND Mitotic Inhibition in y-Irradiated Imaginal Wing Discs of Drosophila melanogaster. Radiat. Res. 87, 552-564 (1981). A dose of 2500 R of -y rays was shown by cell counting to kill about 30% of the cells in developing wing discs of Drosophila within 4 hr after irradiation. Histologically detectable cell death continues for at least 44 hr after it first appears, indicating a delayed effect on some cells. The radiation also inhibits mitosis; this effect is evident 1 hr after irradiation and is maximal at 4 hr. Mitosis resumes 8 hr after irradiation, and by 24 hr, sufficient cell division is taking place to offset the continuous cell death seen, and the discs register a net gain in cell number. It is concluded that irradiation affects imaginal disc cells by damaging the nuclei, and that the damage is manifest in cell death when the cells attempt to divide.
Analyzing the Adoption of Enterprise Resource Planning Systems in Indian Organizations: A Process Framework

Abstract Enterprise Resource Planning (ERP) systems are designed to integrate various functions and processes. Although many studies have been conducted and reported on ERP implementation cases in the developed countries, there is very little literature on the experiences of companies in Asia and other parts of the developing world. These organizations confront issues which are significantly different from those faced by companies in the developed world, because of differences in the sophistication of IT use, and cultural and social contexts. This paper is based on an empirical study of ERP implementation exercises in Indian organizations. The results show that the ERP implementation process is composed of successive phases, in each of which a specific number of modules of the software are implemented. Each phase has distinct stages, which address specific activities within the phase and describe different aspects of the implementation process. Specific characteristics of each stage and their implications for managers have been discussed. Differences of the model with existing models have also been identified, and opportunities for generalizing it to other similar societies have been analyzed.
Functional Form for United States - Mexico Trade Equations

Empirical trade equations estimated using aggregate data may impose ill- advised coefficient restrictions. Export demand equations are estimated using quarterly data for bilateral trade flows between the United States and Mexico. The sample period is 1981-1994. Right-hand-side variables include foreign prices, domestic prices, the exchange rate, and income. Estimation results indicate that merchandise exports react heterogeneously to variations in each of the three relative price components.
Calpain and Mitochondria in Ischemia/Reperfusion Injury*

Studies of ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury and preconditioning have shown that ion homeostasis, particularly calcium homeostasis, is critical to limiting tissue damage. However, the relationship between ion homeostasis and specific cell death pathways has not been investigated in the context of I/R. Previously we reported that calpain cleaved Bid in the absence of detectable caspase activation (1). In this study, we have shown that an inhibitor of the sodium/hydrogen exchanger prevented calpain activation after I/R. Calpain inhibitors prevented cleavage of Bid as well as the downstream indices of cell death, including DNA strand breaks, creatine kinase (CK) release, and infarction measured by triphenyl tetrazolium chloride (TTC) staining. In contrast, the broad spectrum caspase inhibitor IDN6734 was not protective in this model. To ascertain whether mitochondrial dysfunction downstream of these events was a required step, we utilized a peptide corresponding to residues 4–23 of Bcl-xL conjugated to the protein transduction domain of HIV TAT (TAT-BH4), which has been shown to protect mitochondria against Ca2+-induced ΔΨm loss (2). TAT-BH4 attenuated CK release and loss of TTC staining, demonstrating the role of mitochondria and a pro-apoptotic Bcl-2 family member in the process leading to cell death. We propose the following pathway. (i) Reperfusion results in sodium influx followed by calcium accumulation. (ii) This leads to calpain activation, which in turn leads to Bid cleavage. (iii) Bid targets the mitochondria, causing dysfunction and release of pro-apoptotic factors, resulting in DNA fragmentation and death of the cell. Ischemia/reperfusion initiates a cell death pathway that is independent of caspases but requires calpain and mitochondrial dysfunction.
Official Intervention in the Foreign Exchange Market

In an article in this Journal, Dean Taylor (1982) proposes a simple statistical test of the significance of central bank losses in the exchange market: Would random intervention be likely to result in as large a loss? This comment shows that, as it stands, his test statistic does not allow properly for the effect of the mean level of intervention. There is in fact an element of ambiguity in the question Taylor poses, and this is illustrated with examples taken from his empirical work. The connection between the Taylor test and regression analysis is noted and explored.
Money-Wage Dynamics and Labor-Market Equilibrium and The Trade-Off between Inflation and Unemployment: Comment

whose foreign trade looms large in relation to GNP, the feedback effects of today's inflation on tomorrow's trade balance and unemployment in the export sectors should be taken into account. For such countries, Phillipstype regressions on the observations generated by past "stop-and-go" policies may well yield a quite "flat" curve. To the policy maker who believes that this regression line represents the steady-state trade-off that he actually faces, the urge to go would be nearly irrepressible-the costs in terms of inflation of bringing unemployment to a fraction of 1 per cent are apparently negligible. Yet, he is being misled in more ways than one: Not only does the regression line not tell him of the "stops" that will lie ahead if he succumbs to temptation, it probably gives much too rosy a picture of the trade-off open to him in the go-phase considered separately.
Human adenovirus-host cell interactions: comparative study with members of subgroups B and C

Host cell interactions of human adenovirus serotypes belonging to subgroups B (adenovirus type 3 [Ad3] and Ad7) and C (Ad2 and Ad5) were comparatively analyzed at three levels: (i) binding of virus particles with host cell receptors; (ii) cointernalization of macromolecules with adenovirions; and (iii) adenovirus-induced cytoskeletal alterations. The association constants with human cell receptors were found to be similar for Ad2 and Ad3 (8 x 10(9) to 9 x 10(9) M-1), and the number of receptor sites per cell ranged from 5,000 (Ad2) to 7,000 (Ad3). Affinity blottings, competition experiments, and immunofluorescence stainings suggested that the receptor sites for adenovirus were distinct for members of subgroups B and C. Adenovirions increased the permeability of cells to macromolecules. We showed that this global effect could be divided into two distinct events: (i) cointernalization of macromolecules and virions into endocytotic vesicles, a phenomenon that occurred in a serotype-independent way, and (ii) release of macromolecules into the cytoplasm upon adenovirus-induced lysis of endosomal membranes. The latter process was found to be type specific and to require unaltered and infectious virus particles of serotype 2 or 5. Perinuclear condensation of the vimentin filament network was observed at early stages of infection with Ad2 or Ad5 but not with Ad3, Ad7, and noninfectious particles of Ad2 or Ad5, obtained by heat inactivation of wild-type virions or with the H2 ts1 mutant. This phenomenon appeared to be a cytological marker for cytoplasmic transit of infectious virions within adenovirus-infected cells. It could be experimentally dissociated from vimentin proteolysis, which was found to be serotype dependent, occurring only with members of subgroup C, regardless of the infectivity of the input virus.
Public Policy for Private Higher Education: A Global Analysis

Abstract Public policy for private higher education reveals many characteristics associated with decentralized, pluralist systems. Private higher education emergence often comes through initiative outside government, with government unprepared to act. Government and government policy have not usually been the central driving forces for the sector's appearance. However, government supervision is growing, commonly through delayed regulation, and indirect forms of government funding are also growing. Moreover, realities vary by world region and country and even sometimes by province or other sub-national entity. Further variation depends greatly on the type of private higher education in question. Government funding and regulation is often different depending on whether private higher education is identity based (religious or otherwise), elite/semi-elite, or demand-absorbing in respectable or shoddy ways. Additionally, whatever the present realities of public policy, the arguments for and against more government funding and regulation vary by private type.
Smart grid coordination in building HVAC systems: Computational efficiency of constrained economic linear optimal control

In the context of day-ahead or real-time electricity prices, the method of economic model predictive control has been shown to provide expenditure reduction in building HVAC systems, specifically if coupled with active thermal energy storage. However, due to the diurnal nature of electricity prices, these expenditure reductions can only be achieved if the economic model predictive control prediction horizon is sufficiently large, typically greater than 12 h. This work develops an alternative controller known as constrained economic linear optimal control. This constrained economic linear optimal control policy is shown to yield economic performance similar to a large-horizon economic model predictive control policy but also possesses a virtual insensitivity to horizon size. Thus, application of the constrained economic linear optimal control policy will require a fraction of the computational effort while yielding nearly identical economic performance.
Evaluation of neuronal damage following hypoxic–ischaemic brain injury in acute and early chronic periods in neonatal rats

This study was undertaken to investigate the effects of neonatal cerebral hypoxic–ischaemic brain injury (HIBI) in acute and early chronic phases in the rat. HIBI was induced in 7‐day‐old rat pups by ligation of the right common carotid and then the pups were exposed to 1 h of hypoxia in 8% oxygen. They were divided into two groups: 1‐day (acute phase, in the first 24 h) and 5‐day (early chronic phase, 120 h). Neuropathological evaluation was performed using the hippocampus, cerebral cortex and basal ganglia on the coronal plane. The following values were obtained: (i) the ratio of the infarcted area; (ii) hemispheric atrophy/asymmetry; (iii) patchy lesions confined to the thalamus, caudate and putamen; (iv) the ratio of damaged neurons to all neurons; and (v) the percentage of apoptotic neurons relative to the total neurons in all brain areas. HIBI‐induced global cerebral damage and cellular damage findings did not significantly differ between the two groups. However, they showed a tendency to recover/deteriorate in both acute and early chronic phases. The ratio of ipsi‐ and contra‐lateral hemisphere infarct areas (20.7 and 15.7% vs. 40.1 and 26.7%, respectively), basal ganglia patchy lesion ratio (27.5 vs. 36.7%) and hemispheric atrophy/asymmetry (92.4 vs. 84.7%) were found to be lower in the rat pups in the chronic phase than those in the acute phase. In contrast, increases in the ratio of damaged neurons (16.7 vs. 13.3% in the cerebral and dorsal hippocampus, respectively) and in the ratio of apoptotic neurons (ipsi‐lateral: 18 vs. 6%; contra lateral hemispheres: 3.5 vs. 1.7%, respectively) were recorded. It is concluded that cellular damage tends to deteriorate (damaged and apoptotic neurons) while global damage (cerebral infarct and patchy damage) improves with the progression of HIBI. However, further studies are needed in order to elucidate this process. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Modified Self Orthogonalizing FxLMS algorithm

A modification of the Self Orthogonalizing FxLMS (SOFxLMS) algorithm in order to further improve the convergence speed in terms of the white noise is proposed. Modified SOFxLMS eliminate the secondary path delay which allows the usage of larger algorithm step size and the faster convergence. The higher convergence speed is achieved at cost of increasing the computational complexity of the algorithm. Simulation results confirm the improvement of the MSOFxLMS over the SOFxLMS and the other algorithms discussed in this paper.
Estimating Soil Moisture With the Support Vector Regression Technique

This letter presents an experimental analysis of the application of the ε-insensitive support vector regression (SVR) technique to soil moisture content estimation from remotely sensed data at field/basin scale. SVR has attractive properties, such as ease of use, good intrinsic generalization capability, and robustness to noise in the training data, which make it a valid candidate as an alternative to more traditional neural-network-based techniques usually adopted in soil moisture content estimation. Its effectiveness in this application is assessed by using field measurements and considering various combinations of the input features (i.e., different active and/or passive microwave measurements acquired using various sensor frequencies, polarizations, and acquisition geometries). The performance of the SVR method (in terms of estimation accuracy, generalization capability, computational complexity, and ease of use) is compared with that achieved using a multilayer perceptron neural network, which is considered as a benchmark in the addressed application. This analysis provides useful indications for building soil moisture estimation processors for upcoming satellites or near-real-time applications.
HPLC-ELSD determination of triterpenoids and triterpenoid saponins in Ilex pupurea leaves.

AIM To establish an HPLC-ELSD method for the quantification of pedunculoside, ziyuglycoside I and rutundic acid, in the leaves of Ilex purpurea Hassk. METHODS By optimizing the chromatographic conditions of HPLC and the parameters of ELSD to study the methodology. Column: Allsphere ODS-2 (250 mm x 4.6 mm ID, 5 microns), mobile phase: methanol-water (59:41), flow rate: 1.0 mL.min-1, drift tube temperature: 59 degrees C, gas flow rate: 2.38 L.min-1. RESULTS The calibration curves were linear in the range of 2.56-25.60 micrograms for pedunculoside, 1.64-16.40 micrograms for ziyuglycoside I and 3.74-37.40 micrograms for rutundic acid. The average recovery of pedunculoside was 96.3%, RSD 1.59% (n = 5), ziyuglycoside I 97.3%, RSD 3.82% (n = 5), rutundic acid 97.7%, RSD 2.11% (n = 5). All of RSDs of the precision were less than 4% (n = 6), and the reproduciblities less than 5% (n = 6). CONCLUSION The method is simple, accurate, effective and feasible. It can be used for the determination of the contents of pedunculoside, ziyuglycoside I and rutundic acid in leaf of Ilex purpurea Hassk.
Unemployment Insurance and Union Behavior: Comparison of Some Paradigms and Endogenous Membership

This paper discusses the sensitivity of the labor market outcome in the standard bargaining paradigms - monopoly union and efficient bargaining - to the existence of a budget constraint pending on the financing of the unemployment benefit. Consequences of how the unions value members and members' status (employed or unemployed) in their collective maximand, implications of union having control over membership, and, hence, of unemployment insurance coverage, are also considered, as well as of different fiscal scenarios on the form of financing the unemployment benefit bill.
The Optimum Commodity Tariff and Tariff Rates in Developed and Less Developed Countries

V IRTUALLY every textbook on international trade contains a discussion and/or derivation of the optimum tariff for a country with monopoly power in world trade. Invariably these are treatments of aggregate tariff policy. Little or no work has been done to explain the infra-structure of tariffs within a given country or to explain in what respects tariffs might be expected to be similar across countries. Some papers have explored the impact of tariffs and tariff changes on domestic welfare, labor's share of income and trade prospects for developing countries. Contributions to this literature include Anderson (1972), Balassa (1965, 1967a, 1967b, 1971); Ball (1967); Basevi (1966, 1968); Cohen and Sisler (1971); Kreinen (1961, 1967); Mitchell (1970); Travis (1968) and many others. Yet, none of these studies has offered a well specified analytical framework that would permit a systematic investigation of testable hypotheses concerning the relative protection of industries: within and across countries. Instead, many of these papers have relied upon intuitive but ad hoc explanations of the data they presented. The purpose of this paper is two-fold. First, we will begin a systematic inquiry into the determinants of tariff policy at the industry level by developing a simple model based upon profit maximizing behavior in section II. Secondly, we will use the derivations of section II, along with data from previous studies by Balassa (1965, 1971) to demonstrate that a number of the ad hoc explanations of tariff data by previous authors are consistent with our simple . model. In addition, we will develop and test new hypotheses based on the analytical developments of section II. For example, we will be able to explain the pyramiding of tariffs in developed and less developed countries, the pattern of the rank correlations between effective protective rates for countries at similar and different levels of economic development, the greater variation in tariffs on primary products than on manufactured goods in developing countries, the greater variation and average value of tariffs on manufactured goods in developing countries and, finally, the relationship between the skill intensity of production and tariff protection in manufacturing in both developed and developing countries. Perhaps, most important of all our results is the fact that, by demonstrating that ad hoc explanations of previous studies are consistent with our explicit formulation of tariff determination at the industry level, we facilitate the development of future advances in this area.
Conclusions from the UK experience

This chapter describes how for some time researchers have been highlighting inequalities in the transport system for certain groups and communities. Equally, some local transport authorities have attempted to address social equity issues in their delivery of public transport services and where mainstream public transport has failed, community and voluntary transport organizations have been working to meet the transport of minority and marginalized groups. Until the advent of the 2003 Social Exclusion Unit (SEU) report and its new policies for accessibility planning, these efforts have been fragmented and piecemeal. The United Kingdom (UK) government is openly acknowledging for the first time that people’s inability to access key services because of poor transport is a factor in their social exclusion. More than this, it has put in place a comprehensive cross-departmental policy framework in order to address this problem. This requires not only that transport policy makers consider the impact of their decisions on the social welfare of citizens, but also that those concerned with the delivery of the welfare agenda consider transport and accessibility as a vital element in encouraging people from welfare to work, thereby reducing health inequalities, improving educational attainment and achieving neighborhood renewal. The UK case studies, which were presented earlier in the book, demonstrate a lot of good practice happening “on the ground” and, for transport authorities like Merseytravel that have been championing a social equity agenda in transport for more than ten years, the SEU policies will simply help to reinforce the good work that is already going on. Despite these promising signs, however, there are still some significant barriers and risks that could undermine the delivery of the new agenda. Most notably these include (1) short termism and over-simplification of the problem; (2) under-resourcing and competing funding priorities; (3) legislative and institutional barriers; and (4) reconciling social concerns about transport.
When Do Vertical Mergers Create Value

This paper studies the market reaction to vertical mergers and explores the many rationales for vertical integration proposed in the industrial organization literature. Abnormal returns for vertical merger announcements are positive until the late 1990s, and turn negative afterward. Acquirers suffer most of the losses. We find support for the most fundamental insight in the industrial organization literature, namely, that vertical mergers generate the greatest value when undertaken in imperfectly competitive markets. We find some evidence to support ideas of asset and site specificity, that is, creating value when market exchange is difficult. We do not find support for information-based or price uncertainty theories.
Financial Key Performance Indicators in Engineering Companies

Performance is usually defined as system of monitoring individual corporate processes on way to produce the appropriate changes in organizational culture, systems and processes. These activities help to achieve optimal performance agreement targets, allocation of resources, information management on possible modifications of business strategyorsharingtheresultscontinuedindividual goals. Due the performance monitoring the companies can find the Key Performance Indicators, also known as KPIs that help to all organizations define and measure progress toward corporate goals. The objective of this paper is to find trend of improvement by measuring effectiveness of marketing activities. For this reason there was used questionnaire survey, focused on engineering companies operating in Czech Republic. Results and discussion of the paper are based on the analysis of secondary sources and selected data of questionnaire survey, which are involved on measuring the performance of Czech companies. To process the results of the questionnaire survey, there were used both basic types of descriptive statistics and factor analyze on the selected dataset. The data were processed by using the statistical program IBM SPSS Statistics 22. The conclusions provide characteristics of the limitations of research and its potential further direction.
Association between cytotoxic T‐lymphocyte antigen 4 gene polymorphisms and primary biliary cirrhosis in Chinese population: data from a multicenter study

The cytotoxic T‐lymphocyte antigen 4 (CTLA4) gene polymorphisms have been shown to be associated with the risk of primary biliary cirrhosis (PBC). The study aimed to confirm the associations of CTLA4 gene polymorphisms with risk of PBC and patients' quality of life in Chinese population.