Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Group Feature Selection via Structural Sparse Logistic Regression for IDS

Intrusion Detection System (IDS) may be considered one of the most important components in the domain of network security. Currently, most of the IDSs encounter some problems like feature redundancy, high-dimensional feature, overfitting and a limited number of training examples. Thus, feature selection acts as an important role in IDSs to solve the aforementioned problems. In our suggested approach, we try to address these problems via Structural Sparse Logistic Regression (SSPLR). In this paper, we propose important feature groups and individual feature selection as well as intrusions classification for IDSs. Recently, SSPLR has been used as a technique for data analysis and processing via structural sparse penalization. With SSPLR, the relation between features has been considered in the modeling. Finally, the experiments in this correspondence demonstrate that the SSPLR technique has better performance than the currently used techniques addressing the same challenge.
Spatial Processes and Management of Marine Populations

Spatial habitat suitability index (HSI) models were developed by a group of collaborating scientists to predict species relative abundance distributions by life stage and season in Tampa Bay and Charlotte Harbor, Florida. Habitat layers and abundance-based suitability index (Si) values were derived from fishery-independent survey data and used with HSI models 2 Rubec et al. — Spatial Modeling of Fish Habitat Suitability in Florida that employed geographic information systems. These analyses produced habitat suitability maps by life stage and season in the two estuaries for spotted seatrout (Cynoscion nebulosus), bay anchovy (Anchoa mitchilli), and pinfish (Lagodon rhomboides). To verify the reliability of the HSI models, mean catch rates (CPUEs) were plotted across four HSI zones. Analyses showed that fish densities increased from low to optimum zones for the majority of species life stages and seasons examined, particularly for Charlotte Harbor. A reciprocal transfer of Si values between estuaries was conducted to test whether HSI modeling can be used to predict species distributions in estuaries lacking fisheries-independent monitoring. The similarity of Si functions used with the HSI models accounts for the high similarity of predicted seasonal maps for juvenile pinfish and juvenile bay anchovy in each estuary. The dissimilarity of Si functions input into HSI models can account for why other species life stages had dissimilar predicted maps.
Pleasure: From Onthogenesis to Addiction

Among the various models proposed for understanding the dynamics of addiction to psychoactive substances, no single one succeeds in explaining how the three dimensions—biological, psychological, and social—interact. The physio-pathological models proposed so far suffer from too reductive a vision of the notion of pleasure to hope to supply this explanation. Studies in the neurosciences and genetics indicate that cerebral function, and hence pleasure itself, is determined less by our genes than by the continuous interaction that occurs between every organism and its environment, including other individuals. These indications make it possible to propose an integrated model capable of answering the main questions posed by all types of addiction.
Conflict and mediation in high altitude rangeland property rights in Bhutan

Semi-nomadic yak herders of Bhutan depend on high altitude rangelands and yaks for their livelihoods. Conflicts over high altitude rangelands among herders can lead to sub-optimal management with negative impacts on the environment, livelihoods and socio-economic well-being of semi-nomadic yak herders. This paper explores the conflicts and mediation mechanisms arising from property rights issues amongst semi-nomadic yak herders in three comparative areas of Bhutan: i) Yak herding under a traditional management system within a Protected Area system (Merak, East), ii) Yak herding under a more extensive traditional management system (Dakarla, West) and iii) Yak herding and sedentary livestock farming with improved pasture development (Sha Gogona, West Central). Qualitative research methods were adopted to capture the experiences and views of 151 semi-nomadic herders, livestock farmers and government officials including 40 individual interviews and nine focus group discussions. The research revealed that conflicts over high altitude rangelands occurred within and between yak herding and downstream communities. Unclear boundary and competing property rights; incongruence between sharing of benefits and costs, and contravention of collective choice arrangements all caused conflicts. These conflicts occur within and between communities regardless of the type of user rights regimes (i.e. private, communal or mixed). Herders and sedentary livestock farmers employed both informal and formal conflict resolution mechanisms to resolve intra-community and inter-community conflicts. Fostering tenure security through demarcation and fencing of rangeland boundaries, granting clear property and ownership rights and written group constitution and by-laws that build on traditional collective action are needed to reduce conflicts and improve high altitude rangeland condition.
Learning mechanisms to limit medication administration errors.

AIM This paper is a report of a study conducted to identify and test the effectiveness of learning mechanisms applied by the nursing staff of hospital wards as a means of limiting medication administration errors. BACKGROUND Since the influential report ;To Err Is Human', research has emphasized the role of team learning in reducing medication administration errors. Nevertheless, little is known about the mechanisms underlying team learning. METHOD Thirty-two hospital wards were randomly recruited. Data were collected during 2006 in Israel by a multi-method (observations, interviews and administrative data), multi-source (head nurses, bedside nurses) approach. Medication administration error was defined as any deviation from procedures, policies and/or best practices for medication administration, and was identified using semi-structured observations of nurses administering medication. Organizational learning was measured using semi-structured interviews with head nurses, and the previous year's reported medication administration errors were assessed using administrative data. RESULTS The interview data revealed four learning mechanism patterns employed in an attempt to learn from medication administration errors: integrated, non-integrated, supervisory and patchy learning. Regression analysis results demonstrated that whereas the integrated pattern of learning mechanisms was associated with decreased errors, the non-integrated pattern was associated with increased errors. Supervisory and patchy learning mechanisms were not associated with errors. CONCLUSION Superior learning mechanisms are those that represent the whole cycle of team learning, are enacted by nurses who administer medications to patients, and emphasize a system approach to data analysis instead of analysis of individual cases.
Subtree replacement systems: A unifying theory for recursive equations, LISP, lucid and combinatory logic

Recent work on computation of functions defined by sets of recursive equations by Cadiou [Ca72], Vuillemin [Vu74] and Downey and Sethi [DS76] depends on semantic interpretations of such equations. A purely syntactic, combinatory approach yields similar results for a much wider class of sets of equations, including sets of defining equations for LISP, Lucid and the combinator calculus. The application to LISP proves several conjectures of Henderson and Morris [HM76].
Angiotensin-(1-7) Downregulates the Angiotensin II Type 1 Receptor in Vascular Smooth Muscle Cells

Abstract—Angiotensin (Ang)-(1-7) is a biologically active peptide of the renin-angiotensin system that has both vasodilatory and antiproliferative activities that are opposite the constrictive and proliferative effects of angiotensin II (Ang II). We studied the actions of Ang-(1-7) on the Ang II type 1 (AT1) receptor in cultured rat aortic vascular smooth muscle cells to determine whether the effects of Ang-(1-7) are due to its regulation of the AT1 receptor. Ang-(1-7) competed poorly for [125I]Ang II binding to the AT1 receptor on vascular smooth muscle cells, with an IC50 of 2.0 &mgr;mol/L compared with 1.9 nmol/L for Ang II. The pretreatment of vascular smooth muscle cells with Ang-(1-7) followed by treatment with acidic glycine to remove surface-bound peptide resulted in a significant decrease in [125I]Ang II binding; however, reduced Ang II binding was observed only at micromolar concentrations of Ang-(1-7). Scatchard analysis of vascular smooth muscle cells pretreated with 1 &mgr;mol/L Ang-(1-7) showed that the reduction in Ang II binding resulted from a loss of the total number of binding sites [Bmax 437.7±261.5 fmol/mg protein in Ang-(1-7)–pretreated cells compared with 607.5±301.2 fmol/mg protein in untreated cells, n=5, P <0.05] with no significant effect on the affinity of Ang II for the AT1 receptor. Pretreatment with the AT1 receptor antagonist L-158,809 blocked the reduction in [125I]Ang II binding by Ang-(1-7) or Ang II. Pretreatment of vascular smooth muscle cells with increasing concentrations of Ang-(1-7) reduced Ang II–stimulated phospholipase C activity; however, the decrease was significant (81.2±6.4%, P <0.01, n=5) only at 1 &mgr;mol/L Ang-(1-7). These results demonstrate that pharmacological concentrations of Ang-(1-7) in the micromolar range cause a modest downregulation of the AT1 receptor on vascular cells and a reduction in Ang II–stimulated phospholipase C activity. Because the antiproliferative and vasodilatory effects of Ang-(1-7) are observed at nanomolar concentrations of the heptapeptide, these responses to Ang-(1-7) cannot be explained by competition of Ang-(1-7) at the AT1 receptor or Ang-(1-7)–mediated downregulation of the vascular AT1 receptor.
Allostatic load – a challenge to measure multisystem physiological dysregulation. Pathways Node at NCRM.

Allostatic load is a sub-clinical dysregulation state, resulting from the body’s response to stress. Allostatic load accumulates gradually over the life course and affects a number of physiological systems. Measuring multisystem dysregulation , and changes in it over time, is very challenging. In this paper, we discuss composite measures used to capture allostatic load and the challenges involved in deriving and using these measures. Our focus is on measuring allostatic load in later life.
Banning smokeless tobacco in India: policy analysis.

India is the second largest producer and third largest consumer of tobacco. According to GATS India Report (2009-10), the users of only smokeless tobacco (SLT) are more than double than that of smokers. SLT use is an imminent public health problem, which is contributing to high disease burden in India. It is a "unique" tobacco product due to its availability in myriad varieties, easy access, and affordability especially for adolescents. It has been studied to be a gateway product and facilitates initiation. Currently, the Food Safety and Standards Authority of India (FSSAI) have prohibited the use of tobacco and nicotine in any food products; yet, the implementation of a permanent ban on SLT across India is still pending. This paper examines how multiple legislations have failed to effectively control or regulate SLT in India and regionally; thus, there is need to strengthen SLT control efforts as "no ordinary product. "
Compensation for Nonlinear Distortion in Noise for Robust Speech Recognition

The performance, reliability, and ubiquity of automatic speech recognition systems has flourished in recent years due to steadily increasing computational power and technological innovations such as hidden Markov models, weighted finite-state transducers, and deep learning methods. One problem which plagues speech recognition systems, especially those that operate offline and have been trained on specific in-domain data, is the deleterious effect of noise on the accuracy of speech recognition. Historically, robust speech recognition research has focused on traditional noise types such as additive noise, linear filtering, and reverberation. This thesis describes the effects of nonlinear dynamic range compression on automatic speech recognition and develops a number of novel techniques for characterizing and counteracting it. Dynamic range compression is any function which reduces the dynamic range of an input signal. Dynamic range compression is a widely-used tool in audio engineering and is almost always a component of a practical telecommunications system. Despite its ubiquity, this thesis is the first work to comprehensively study and address the effect of dynamic range compression on speech recognition. More specifically, this thesis treats the problem of dynamic range compression in three ways: (1) blind amplitude normalization methods, which counteract dynamic range compression when its parameter values allow the function to be mathematically inverted, (2) blind amplitude reconstruction techniques, i.e., declipping, which attempt to reconstruct clipped segments of the speech signal that are lost through non-invertible dynamic range compression, and (3) matched-training techniques, which attempt to select the pre-trained acoustic model with the closest set of compression parameters. All three of these methods rely on robust estimation of the dynamic range compression distortion parameters. Novel algorithms for the blind prediction of these parameters are also introduced. The algorithms’ quality is evaluated in terms of the degree to which they decrease speech recognition word error rate, as well as in terms of the degree to which they increase a given speech signal’s signal-to-noise ratio. In all evaluations, the possibility of independent additive noise following the application of dynamic range compression is assumed.
A Single Center Review of Pleural Fluid Samples

Introduction: Large scale epidemiological data of pleural fluid characteristics are lacking. We are an established pleural center with high rates of pleural malignancy in the North East of England. We aim to follow the British Thoracic Guidelines and sought to add to the body of evidence. Methodology: All pleural aspirations done between January 1st 2014 and December 31st 2015 were analyzed for fluid biochemistry, microbiology and cytology and final diagnoses. Light’s criteria were applied wherever possible. Results: • Population: 264 patients • Average age: 74 years • Gender: 61% Male • Lung Cancer (n = 44) • 26/44 (59%) had positive first cytology • 15 had more than one sample taken, and in 6 patients, this provided the diagnosis (14%) • 36/44 (82%) were exudates • 4/44 (9%) were transudates • 3/44 had a pH < 7.21 • Heart Failure (n = 36) • 9/36 were exudates • Empyema (n = 16) • Only 2/16 (13%) had positive microbiology • 12/16 (75%) had a pH < 7.21 (2 did not have a pH sent) 6/16 were exudates • Mesothelioma (n = 24) • 12/24 (50%) had positive first cytology • 19 went on to have further sampling (done at thoracoscopy). Only 2 further sample provided diagnosis • 2/24 had a protein < 25 • 14/24 went on to have a biopsy • 13/14 had a thoracoscopy and 1/14 had a CT guided biopsy • All Malignancies (Lung Primary/Lung Secondary/Meso) (n = 96) • 80/95 (84%) were exudates • 8/95 (8%) had a protein < 25 AND a LDH < 200 • Audit: • 217/264 didn’t meet the BTS guidance stating that every pleural tap should be sent for, microbiology, cytology, protein, LDH • pH < 7.21 (n = 19) • 12 were empyemas • But also: • 3 adenocarcinomas of the lung • 2 mesothelioma • 1 metastatic ovarian carcinoma • 1 haemothorax • Microbiology: • Only positive in 5/241 samples sent in universal bottles • 3 were empyemas • 1 was a biliary fistula • 1 was an infected indwelling pleural catheter Discussion: Our findings are consistent with current literature. We found 60% positivity for cytology in lung cancer, dropping to 50% in mesothelioma, with further sampling helping in the former only. Tissue biopsy should be de rigeur if mesothelioma is suspected, rather than repeat cytology. 8% of all malignant effusions are transudates, and clinical as well as radiological correlation is vital in those cases.
Influence of Segmentation on Geometrical Parameters and Hemodynamics in Cerebral Aneurysms

This study proposes to investigate the effects of various segmentations issued from three different intracranial aneurysm 3D datasets, on geometrical parameters and on blood flow patterns. The objective is to find the best segmentation protocol that reduces gray-level selection arbitrariness. Segmentation is an important source of uncertainty with a clinical impact on both morphological and hemodynamics numerical simulations that may largely influence therapeutic decisions taken by neuroradiologists and neurosurgeons. Medical imaging data was acquired in patient carrying 1) posterior communicating artery bi-lobed aneurysm, 2) aneurysm and 3) other aneurysm . For each patient, four different threedimensional segmentations (reconstructions) were further generated by the same technician. Geometrical parameters such as artery, aneurysm and neck sizes, as well as aspect ratio were studied. Numerical simulations were performed under physiological unsteady flow conditions (mean Re=194, maximal Re=447, α=2.71 and pulsatility index was equivalent to 1.87). Flow patterns changes and their sensitivity within the four reconstructed geometries are discussed. Geometrical parameters presenting the highest variability were the aneurysm lobe dimensions (20%). The neck length was the second parameter presenting the highest variability, which reached 21.1% (range 15.1%-27.8%). The neck width variability reached 13.8% (range 11.8%-16.7%) and the aspect ratio variability was calculated to reach 14.2% (range 6.8%-17.9%). The artery height and the artery width were presenting a variability of 13.7% (range 12.3%15.1%) and 10.8% (range 8.1%-12.4%), respectively. Finally, when it came to the aneurysm dimensions, the aneurysm depth, aneurysm height, and aneurysm width presented variabilities of 12.8% (range 10.1%-13.2%), 9.4% (range 7.6%-12.0%), and 7.3% (range 4.6%-12.1%), respectively. Differences in the flow path lines and magnitude, wall shear stress, pressure and vorticity are also reported and discussed. To be filled in with Philippe findings A segmentation process reconstructing 3D anatomies that is less sensitive to human intervention is of high added-value.
The emerging roles and therapeutic potential of cyclin-dependent kinase 11 (CDK11) in human cancer

Overexpression and/or hyperactivation of cyclin-dependent kinases (CDKs) are common features of most cancer types. CDKs have been shown to play important roles in tumor cell proliferation and growth by controlling cell cycle, transcription, and RNA splicing. CDK4/6 inhibitor palbociclib has been recently approved by the FDA for the treatment of breast cancer. CDK11 is a serine/threonine protein kinase in the CDK family and recent studies have shown that CDK11 also plays critical roles in cancer cell growth and proliferation. A variety of genetic and epigenetic events may cause universal overexpression of CDK11 in human cancers. Inhibition of CDK11 has been shown to lead to cancer cell death and apoptosis. Significant evidence has suggested that CDK11 may be a novel and promising therapeutic target for the treatment of cancers. This review will focus on the emerging roles of CDK11 in human cancers, and provide a proof-of-principle for continued efforts toward targeting CDK11 for effective cancer treatment.
Global Diversity and Review of Siphonophorae (Cnidaria: Hydrozoa)

In this review the history of discovery of siphonophores, from the first formal description by Carl Linnaeus in 1785 to the present, is summarized, and species richness together with a summary of world-wide distribution of this pelagic group within the clade Hydrozoa discussed. Siphonophores exhibit three basic body plans which are briefly explained and figured, whilst other atypical body plans are also noted. Currently, 175 valid siphonophore species are recognized in the latest WoRMS world list, including 16 families and 65 genera. Much new information since the last review in 1987 is revealed from the first molecular analysis of the group, enabling identification of some new morphological characters diagnostic for physonect siphonophores. Ten types of nematocysts (stinging cells) are identified in siphonophores, more than in any other cnidarian; these are incorporated into batteries in the side branches of the tentacles in most species (here termed tentilla), and tentilla are reviewed in the last section of this paper. Their discharge mechanisms are explained and also how the tentilla of several physonect siphonophores are modified into lures. Of particular interest is the recent discovery of a previously unknown red fluorescent lure in the tentilla of the deep sea physonect Erenna, the first described example of emission of red light by an invertebrate to attract prey.
Variation of bispectral index under TIVA with propofol in a paediatric population.

BACKGROUND In this prospective observational study, we aim to explore the relationship between age and bispectral index (BIS) values at different plasma concentrations of propofol. METHODS Fifty children aged from 3 to 15 yr were included. Anaesthesia was induced using a target-controlled infusion of propofol with the Kataria pharmacokinetic model together with a bolus of remifentanil followed by a continuous infusion rate at 0.2 microg kg(-1) min(-1). Target plasma propofol concentration was initially stabilized to 6 microg ml(-1) and continued for 6 min. The target was then decreased and stabilized to 4 microg ml(-1) and then to 2 microg ml(-1). BIS values, plasma propofol concentration, and EEG were continuously recorded. In order to explore the relationship between variations in propofol concentration and the EEG bispectrum, we used a multiple correspondence analysis (MCA). Results are shown in median (range). RESULTS We found no statistical difference between BIS values with propofol 6 microg ml(-1) [23 (12-40)] and 4 microg ml(-1) [28 (9-67)]. At 2 microg ml(-1), BIS was significantly different [52 (24-71)], but a significant correlation between the age of children and BIS values was found (r2=0.66; P<0.01). There was little change in children's position between 6 and 4 microg ml(-1) in the structure model of the MCA. From 4 to 2 microg ml(-1), the position of children moved only on axis 2. CONCLUSIONS These results showed the difficulty to interpret BIS values because of the absence of significant change for higher plasma propofol concentration variation or because of the link with age for the lower plasma concentration.
Laplace-Beltrami operator on Digital Curves

Many problems in image analysis, digital processing and shape optimization are expressed as variational problems and involve the discritization of laplacians. Indeed, PDEs containing Laplace-Beltrami operator arise in surface fairing, mesh smoothing, mesh parametrization, remeshing, feature extraction, shape matching, etc. The discretization of the laplace-Beltrami operator has been widely studied, but essentially in the plane or on triangu-lated meshes. In this paper, we propose a digital Laplace-Beltrami operator, which is based on the heat equation described by [BSW08] and adapted to 2D digital curves. We give elements for proving its theoretical convergence and present an experimental evaluation that confirms its convergence property.