Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Viés Racial em Modelos de Inteligência Artificial para Classificação de Melanomas

O uso de inteligência artificial (IA) para a detecção de câncer de pele tem sido objeto de muita pesquisa e desenvolvimento nos últimos anos. No entanto, estudos recentes sugerem que alguns algoritmos de classificação de câncer de pele podem ter viés racial, com desempenho pior em pacientes com pele mais escura. Nesse artigo, avaliamos o desempenho de um modelo de IA ao classificar melanomas em 10 diferentes tons de pele, de acordo com a Escala Monk. Como resultado, foi observado que os modelos têm pior desempenho para classificar melanomas em peles mais escuras.
New wave solutions for the fractional-order biological population model, time fractional burgers, Drinfel’d–Sokolov–Wilson and system of shallow water wave equations and their applications

Abstract In this research, by applying the improved -expansion method, we have found the travelling and solitary wave solutions of the fractional-order biological population model, time fractional Burgers equation, the Drinfel’d–Sokolov–Wilson equation and the system of shallow water wave equations. The advantage of this method is providing a new and more general travelling wave solutions for many non-linear evolution equations, it supply three different kind of solutions in the form (the hyperbolic functions, the trigonometric functions and the rational functions). This method included the extended -expansion method when and the -expansion method when N takes only positive value and zero. All of these merits help us in survey of the physical meaning of each models mentioned above for investigating stability of these models. Rapprochement between our results and the previous renowned outcome presented.
Performance Prediction of a Ferrite-Assisted Synchronous Reluctance Machine Considering Different Control Strategies Using Open-Source Finite Element Analysis

The modeling of electrical machines by finite element analysis (FEA) using free and open-source packages nowadays has become more and more feasible and reliable in the last few decades because of the continuous development of open-source FEA and modeling techniques. In this article, a comprehensive modeling method is introduced for the electromagnetic performance prediction of an adjustable speed ferrite-assisted synchronous reluctance machine (FMaSynRM) by using open-source FEA Elmer. The <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$d$ </tex-math></inline-formula>–<inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$q$ </tex-math></inline-formula> model is utilized in this article to compute the <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$d$ </tex-math></inline-formula>–<inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$q$ </tex-math></inline-formula> inductance maps within a few time steps, which takes both the nonlinearity and cross-coupling effects into consideration. The electromagnetic performances, e.g., average torque and flux linkage considering maximum torque per ampere (MTPA), field weakening (FW), and maximum torque per volt (MTPV) operating conditions are further obtained from the post-processing of the <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$d$ </tex-math></inline-formula>–<inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$q$ </tex-math></inline-formula> inductance maps. The comparison of the simulated and measured results proves that the proposed method is feasible and reliable and it might extend the application ranges of Elmer in electrical machine’s design.
Efficient Estimation of Linear Panel Data Models with Sample Selection and Fixed Effects

For linear panel data models with endogenous selectivity, the popular pooled ordinary least squares with bias correction and its minimum distance variant can suffer from severe efficiency loss in the presence of large random effects. To resolve this problem, we algebraically derive an efficient estimator based on the moment restrictions used by the pooled ordinary least squares and make the estimator feasible under the conventional error-component assumption. The efficient estimation involves heavy computation, and we propose a convenient suboptimal estimator based on a novel common weighting transformation. We also consider partial and full aggregation of information in pairwise differences, where unobserved fixed effects are completely eliminated. Efficient estimation based on pairwise differences is discussed, and a computationally affordable method of estimating nuisance higher-order moments is proposed. Analytic standard errors are provided for all considered estimators. Simulations suggest that a convenient suboptimal estimator and the fully-aggregated pairwise-differencing estimator exhibit remarkable performances. The methods are applied to estimating earnings equation for married women using the Korean Labor and Income Panel Study data.
Numerical solutions of nonlinear fractional Schrödinger equations using nonstandard discretizations

In this article, numerical study for both nonlinear space‐fractional Schrödinger equation and the coupled nonlinear space‐fractional Schrödinger system is presented. We offer here the weighted average nonstandard finite difference method (WANSFDM) as a novel numerical technique to study such kinds of partial differential equations. The space fractional derivative is described in the sense of the quantum Riesz‐Feller definition. Stability analysis of the proposed method is studied. To show that this method is reliable and computationally efficient different numerical examples are provided. We expect that the proposed schemes can be applicable to different systems of fractional partial differential equations. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Numer Methods Partial Differential Eq 33: 1399–1419, 2017
Metal-organic frameworks for efficient drug adsorption and delivery

In recent years, the number of materials used as drug delivery systems (DDS) has increased dramatically. The widespread use of DDSs has improved both the safety and efficacy of therapy. The systems currently in use pose numerous drawbacks and require proper improvements. Although many modern materials are being developed, metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) deserve special attention. Thermal and chemical stability, high specific surface area, low toxicity, high biocompatibility, and great potential for modification are the main features enabling MOFs to be used as DDS. In this review, we describe MOFs, their structure, synthesis, and characterization, as well as drug loading, drug release kinetics, and bioassays. A critical approach is to outline the disadvantages as well as the limitations of MOFs and to identify areas that need to be studied more thoroughly. Nonetheless, the prospective nature of MOFs as DDS and potential adsorbents in overdose or poisoning is presented and highlighted.
On the stability and nonexistence of turing patterns for the generalized Lengyel‐Epstein model

This paper studies the dynamics of the generalized Lengyel‐Epstein reaction‐diffusion model proposed in a recent study by Abdelmalek and Bendoukha. Two main results are shown in this paper. The first of which is sufficient conditions that guarantee the nonexistence of Turing patterns, ie, nonconstant solutions. Second, more relaxed conditions are derived for the stability of the system's unique steady‐state solution.
Monitoring the Terahertz Response of Skin Beneath Transdermal Drug Delivery Patches Using Sparse Deconvolution

Terahertz (THz) spectroscopy is a technique proving extremely useful for investigating various biomedical applications by virtue of its high sensitivity in the measurement of water content and its nonionizing nature. By combining this with sparse deconvolution, the THz response of skin directly underneath transdermal drug delivery (TDD) patches was isolated and reconstructed to determine the skin water content in vivo. Verification for this method was given by a comparison of skin measured through patches using sparse deconvolution and skin measurements immediately following patch removal processed with standard approaches. It was found that patches with a nonpermeable film backing hydrated the skin to a greater extent than permeable woven polyester fiber backed patches and that this hydration effect primarily occurs within the first 30 min of patch application and lasts for at least 24 h given that the patch remains applied. We demonstrate the effectiveness of this sparse reconstruction method to track hydration levels through layers such as patches and identify the scope for further applications including TDD patch development and wound healing techniques and monitoring.
Lumped Parameter Modelling with Ordinary Differential Equations

An ordinary differential equation (ODE) is used to express a relationship between a function of one independent variable (typically time) and its derivatives. If no derivatives are present, the relationship is characterised by an algebraic equation (AE). ODEs are often used in lumped parameter modelling to approximate the behaviour a physical system by separating it into discrete parts, each characterised by one or more dependent variables. An example of a simple ODE is:
Evaluation of Eulerian multi-fluid versus Lagrangian methods for ejection of polydisperse evaporating sprays by vortices.

The simulation of polydisperse evaporating sprays is both a crucial issue for industrial applications and a challenge for modeling and scientific computing. The usual Lagrangian approaches can lead to a very high computational cost or to a low level of resolution if not enough numerical parcels are used. Besides, they induce coupling difficulties between the two phases involved. Among the recently developed Eulerian models, the multi-fluid model allows the detailed description of polydispersity and size/velocity correlations of droplets. Such an approach has been shown to be derived from the Williams spray equation by Laurent and Massot under the assumption of mono-kinetic spray number density functions conditioned by size. This assumption defines the validity limit of the multi-fluid model. However, two key issues are still to be tackled : the validation in multi-dimensional configurations and the evaluation of the level of accuracy of such models versus the reference Lagrangian one. In this work we study the impact of the mono-kinetic assumption in a multi-dimensional configuration at three levels : mathematical structure of the system, numerical method needed to cope with the singularities and physical interpretation and validity limit of the simulations. We then evaluate the accuracy and computational cost of Eulerian models versus Lagrangian solvers in unsteady configurations.
Numerical investigations of wind pressure profiles at isolated escarpment, ridge, and hill

Abstract A series of numerical simulations were conducted to analyze the turbulent flow fields in lands, typically under a ground condition of Exposure C with isolated escarpments, ridges, and hills, respectively. By varying the extent of the slope in terms of a height-to-length ratio, the calculated velocity profiles at various cross sections were examined and compared to those suggested by the wind design code. Results show that separation generally occurs and leads to flow unsteadiness at leeward of ridges and hills. Within the re-circulating zone, the velocity fluctuation varies in a manner close to a normal distribution. Finally, comparisons were made in terms of the displacement thickness and the applicability of the code suggestions was assessed. It was found that the related codes may require examinations for further possible modifications.
Conforming identification of the fundamental matrix in image matching problem

The article considers the conforming identification of the fundamental matrix in the image matching problem. The method consists in the division of the initial overdetermined system into lesser dimensional subsystems. On these subsystems, a set of solutions is obtained, from which a subset of the most conforming solutions is defined. Then, on this subset the resulting solution is deduced. Since these subsystems are formed by all possible combinations of rows in the initial system, this method demonstrates high accuracy and stability, although it is computationally complex. A comparison with the methods of least squares, least absolute deviations, and the RANSAC method is drawn.
A Review on Parkinson’s Disease Prediction and Tele-Consulting using Machine Learning

Large medical datasets are available in various data repositories and are used to identify diseases. Parkinson's disease is regarded as one of the most lethal and progressive nervous system diseases affecting movement. It is the second most common cause of disability in the brain and it Reduces life expectancy and has no cure. Nearly 90% of affected people with this disease have speech disorders. In real-world applications, data is generated using a variety of Machine Learning techniques. Machine learning algorithms assist in the generation of useful content from it. Machine learning algorithms are used to detect diseases in their early stages in order to extend the lives of the elderly. When considering the term 'Parkinson's,' the main concept is speech features. In this paper, we are reviewing various Machine Learning techniques such as KNN, SVM, Naïve Bayes, Deep learning techniques and Logistic Regression to predict Parkinson's disease based on user input, and the input for algorithms is the dataset. Based on these characteristics, we anticipate that the algorithms will be more accurate. The model is used in conjunction with the frontend to predict whether or not the patient has Parkinson's disease. Prediction is critical in the early stages of patient recovery. This can be accomplished with the assistance of Machine Learning Keyword : Convolutional Neural Network (CNN), Deep Belief Networks (DBN), Deep Neural Networks (DNN), K-nearest Neighbors Algorithm (KNN), Machine Learning, Parkinson’s, Speech disorders, Support Vector Machine Classifier (SVM).
Perforated Appendix in Amyand Inguinal Hernia in a Neonate Presenting as Obstructed Oblique Inguinal Hernia: A Case Report and Review of Literature

: An Amyand hernia is defined as when the appendix is trapped within the sac of an inguinal hernia through a patent vaginal process. It was first described by Claudius Amyand, in 1735 during an appendectomy of a perforated appendix inside a hernial sac of an 11-year old child. Amyand hernia rare, constituting less than 1% of inguinal hernias. Amyand hernia is 3 times more likely to be diagnosed in children compared to adults due to the patency of vaginal process. Appendicitis or its perforation in Amyand hernia, complicate 0.1% of cases. Other variants include the presence of ileum, caecum or both in addition to the appendix. Isolated acute appendicitis in neonates is extremely rare, with a high mortality rate, and higher among those within Amyand hernia up to 30%. Perforated appendix in Amyand hernia is difficult to diagnose, as its clinical picture is not specific. We report a neonate 26 days old with perforated appendix in an Amyand inguinal hernia who presented by a picture of obstructed oblique inguinal hernia. He underwent emergency open inguinal exploration, herniotomy and appendicectomy. Despite the high mortality rate of Amyand hernia due to be peritoneal spread of sepsis, the boy survived complication free. Perforated appendix in Amyand hernia is exceptionally rare, and can present in the early neonatal period, its diagnosis and outcome rely on high index of suspicion and prompt surgical intervention.
Kantorovich-Vlasov Method for Simply Supported Rectangular Plates under Uniformly Distributed Transverse Loads

In this study, the Kantorovich-Vlasov method has been applied to the flexural analysis of simply supported Kirchhoff plates under transverse uniformly distributed load on the entire plate domain. Vlasov method was used to construct the coordinate functions in the x direction and the Kantorovich method was used to consider the assumed displacement field over the plate. The total potential energy functional and the corresponding EulerLagrange equations were obtained. This was solved subject to the boundary conditions to obtain the displacement field over the plate. Bending moments were then obtained using the moment curvature equations. The solutions obtained were rapidly convergent series for deflection, and bending moments. Maximum deflection and maximum bending moments occurred at the center and were also obtained as rapidly convergent series. The series were computed for varying plate aspect ratios. The results were identical with Levy-Nadai solutions for the same problem. Keywords— Kantorovich-Vlasov method, Levy-Nadai method, convergent series, total potential energy functional, Euler-Lagrange differential equation.
Solvability, asymptotic analysis and regularity results for a mixed type interaction problem of acoustic waves and piezoelectric structures

In the paper, we investigate the mixed type transmission problem arising in the model of fluid–solid acoustic interaction when a piezoceramic elastic body (Ω+) is embedded in an unbounded fluid domain (Ω−). The corresponding physical process is described by the boundary‐transmission problem for second‐order partial differential equations. In particular, in the bounded domain Ω+, we have a 4×4 dimensional matrix strongly elliptic second‐order partial differential equation, while in the unbounded complement domain Ω−, we have a scalar Helmholtz equation describing acoustic wave propagation. The physical kinematic and dynamic relations mathematically are described by appropriate boundary and transmission conditions. With the help of the potential method and theory of pseudodifferential equations based on the Wiener–Hopf factorization method, the uniqueness and existence theorems are proved in Sobolev–Slobodetskii spaces. We derive asymptotic expansion of solutions, and on the basis of asymptotic analysis, we establish optimal Hölder smoothness results for solutions. Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Using the Latent Correlations to Measure the Association Between Continuous and Binary Markers With Repeated Measurements

ABSTRACT This study was motivated by one of the important challenges in sleep research: estimating not only an overall association between objective and subjective sleep measures but at within- and between-subject levels as well. Comparing to the literature on the association between two continuous or two binary outcomes, to our knowledge, fewer works were published for the case when one outcome is continuous and the other is binary while both are measured repeatedly. We address this problem by considering a latent correlation (LC) that is the correlation between two continuous outcomes. The first is the original observed continuous outcome while the second is an underlying latent variable, dichotomization of which produces the original binary outcome. Building upon a flexible Bayesian generalized linear mixed model fitted by the MCMC, our proposal allows estimation of the total correlation, and the between- and within-subject correlations simultaneously. The goal of joint estimation of all these correlations, to our knowledge, was not fulfilled in previous proposals (either the between- or within-subject correlation needed to be fixed at zero). Moreover, the approach avoids bias of a two-step procedure and does not rely on approximation of the covariance matrix and hence the correlations. It provides accurate estimates covering a wide range of values. We can also incorporate the cases of missing data, covariate adjustment, and comparison between subgroups. Furthermore, these advantages are achieved at a low computational cost. We demonstrate properties and implementation of our proposal with a large simulation study and with real data from two clinical trials of an insomnia drug where one of the questions is how continuous biomarkers derived from the polysomnographic measurements are associated with the binary patient-reported sleep quality. Supplementary materials for this article are available online.
Entropy theory of geodesic flows

In this paper we prove the upper semicontinuity of the entropy map for (non-compact) systems satisfying a 'simplified entropy formula' and whose ergodic measures are 'weak entropy dense'. We apply our results to the geodesic flow on a pinched negatively curved manifold. We relate the escape of mass with a critical exponent that takes into consideration the geometry at infinity of the manifold. We also prove the upper semicontinuity of the entropy map for the geodesic flow on a non-positively curved rank one manifold when restricting to a big subset of the nonwandering set.
Portraying Patron-client in Fishermen Work Relationships: A Phenomenon from Bengkulu, Indonesia

The working pattern in traditional society still becomes an exciting topic to investigate as they portray how society makes their living. The research aims at investigating the relationship between employer and employee in fishing management in Kelurahan Pasar Bengkulu, Bengkulu Province, Indonesia. The study employed a phenomenology-based qualitative approach, with participants chosen using a purposive sampling technique. Data were gathered through observation, interviews, and documentation. The collected data were analyzed by reducing, describing, and verifying data. The standards of credibility, transferability, dependability, and confirmability are confirmed to validate the data. The findings signified that:1) the patron-client symbolizes exploitation in which most business is dominated by the middlemen, while the fishermen only play a role as the executors during the fishing process. Additionally, the patron-client relationship represents an imbalance of fishery profit sharing; 2) such a relationship does contribute to fishermen’s structural and cultural poverty. The cooperation between labor associations and governance active role supported by financial aid from related parties is highly recommended to promote fishermen’s wealth.