Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Cold-water immersion after training sessions: effects on fiber type-specific adaptations in muscle K+ transport proteins to sprint-interval training in men.

Effects of regular use of cold-water immersion (CWI) on fiber type-specific adaptations in muscle K+ transport proteins to intense training, along with their relationship to changes in mRNA levels after the first training session, were investigated in humans. Nineteen recreationally active men (24 ± 6 yr, 79.5 ± 10.8 kg, 44.6 ± 5.8 ml·kg-1·min-1) completed six weeks of sprint-interval cycling, either without (passive rest; CON) or with training sessions followed by CWI (15 min at 10°C; COLD). Muscle biopsies were obtained before and after training to determine abundance of Na+, K+-ATPase isoforms (α1-3, β1-3) and phospholemman (FXYD1) and after recovery treatments (+0 h and +3 h) on the first day of training to measure mRNA content. Training increased ( P < 0.05) the abundance of α1 and β3 in both fiber types and β1 in type-II fibers and decreased FXYD1 in type-I fibers, whereas α2 and α3 abundance was not altered by training ( P > 0.05). CWI after each session did not influence responses to training ( P > 0.05). However, α2 mRNA increased after the first session in COLD (+0 h, P < 0.05) but not in CON ( P > 0.05). In both conditions, α1 and β3 mRNA increased (+3 h; P < 0.05) and β2 mRNA decreased (+3 h; P < 0.05), whereas α3, β1, and FXYD1 mRNA remained unchanged ( P > 0.05) after the first session. In summary, Na+,K+-ATPase isoforms are differently regulated in type I and II muscle fibers by sprint-interval training in humans, which, for most isoforms, do not associate with changes in mRNA levels after the first training session. CWI neither impairs nor improves protein adaptations to intense training of importance for muscle K+ regulation. NEW & NOTEWORTHY Although cold-water immersion (CWI) after training and competition has become a routine for many athletes, limited published evidence exists regarding its impact on training adaptation. Here, we show that CWI can be performed regularly without impairing training-induced adaptations at the fiber-type level important for muscle K+ handling. Furthermore, sprint-interval training invoked fiber type-specific adaptations in K+ transport proteins, which may explain the dissociated responses of whole-muscle protein levels and K+ transport function to training previously reported.
Multiple Cross Displacement Amplification Coupled With Nanoparticles-Based Lateral Flow Biosensor for Detection of Staphylococcus aureus and Identification of Methicillin-Resistant S. aureus

Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus), including methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA), is one of the most important human pathogens, which is responsible for bacteremia, soft-tissue infections, and food poisoning. Hence, multiple cross displacement amplification (MCDA) is employed to detect all S. aureus strains, and differentiates MRSA from methicillin-sensitive S. aureus. Multiplex MCDA (m-MCDA), which targets the nuc gene (S. aureus-specific gene) and mecA gene (encoding penicillin-binding protein-2′), could detect S. aureus strains and identify MRSA within 85 min. Detection of the m-MCDA products is achieved using disposable lateral flow biosensors. A total of 58 strains, including various species of Gram-positive and Gram-negative strains, are used for evaluating and optimizing m-MCDA assays. The optimal amplification condition is found to be 63°C for 40 min, with detection limits at 100 fg DNA/reaction for nuc and mecA genes in the pure cultures, and 10 CFU/tube for nuc and mecA genes in the blood samples. The analytical specificity of m-MCDA assay is of 100%, and no cross-reactions to non-S. aureus strains are produced according to the specificity testing. Particularly, two additional components, including AUDG enzyme and dUTP, are added into the m-MCDA amplification mixtures, which are used for eliminating the unwanted results arising from carryover contamination. Thus, the m-MCDA technique appears to be a simple, rapid, sensitive, and reliable assay to detect all S. aureus strains, and identify MRSA infection for appropriate antibiotic therapy.
Ceramides in tracheal aspirates of preterm infants: Marker for bronchopulmonary dysplasia

Background In an experimental mouse model we showed that ceramides play a role in the pathogenesis of bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) and are a potential target for therapeutic intervention. We investigated whether ceramides are detectable in tracheal aspirates (TAs) of preterm infants and differ between infants with or without BPD. Methods Infants born ≤ 32 weeks of gestational age in need of mechanical ventilation in the first week of life were included. TAs were obtained directly after intubation and at day 1, 3, 5, 7, and 14. Ceramide concentrations were measured by tandem mass spectrometry. At 36 weeks postmenstrual age BPD was defined as having had ≥ 28 days supplemental oxygen. Results 122 infants were included, of which 14 died and 41 developed BPD. All infants showed an increase in ceramides after the first day of intubation. The ceramide profile differed significantly between preterm infants who did and did not develop BPD. However, the ceramide profile had no additional predictive value for BPD development over GA at birth, birth weight and total days of mechanical ventilation. Conclusions Ceramides are measurable in TAs of preterm born infants and may be an early marker for BPD development.
Preventable hospitalizations, barriers to care, and disability

Abstract The AHRQ's Prevention Quality Indicators assume inpatient hospitalizations for certain conditions, referred as ambulatory-care sensitive (ACS) conditions, are potentially preventable and may indicate reduced access to and a lower quality of ambulatory care. Using a cohort drawn from the Medicare Current Beneficiary Survey (MCBS) linked to Medicare claims, we examined the extent to which barriers to healthcare are associated with ACS hospitalizations and related costs, and whether these associations differ by beneficiaries’ disability status. Our results indicate that the regression-adjusted cost of ACS hospitalizations for elderly Medicare beneficiaries with no disabilities was $799. This cost increased six-fold, by $5148, among beneficiaries with mild disability, by $9045 for beneficiaries with moderate disability, by $5513 for those with severe disability, and by $8557 for persons with complete disability (P < 0.001). Persons reporting having foregone or delayed needed medical care because of financial difficulties (+$2082, P = .05), those experiencing low satisfaction with care coordination (+$1714, P = .01), and those reporting low satisfaction with access to care (+$1237, P = .02) also incurred significant excess ACS hospitalization costs relative to persons reporting no such barriers. This pattern held true for those with and without a disability, but were especially marked among persons with no functional limitations. These findings suggest that a better understanding of how public policy might effectively improve care coordination and reduce financial barriers to care is essential to formulating programs that reduce excess hospitalizations among the large and growing number of elderly Medicare beneficiaries.
Regulation of Camphor Metabolism: Induction and Repression of Relevant Monooxygenases in Pseudomonas putida NCIMB 10007

For the first time, the differential rates of synthesis of all the key monooxygenases involved in the catabolism by Pseudomonas putida NCIMB 10007 of bicyclic (rac)-camphor to ∆2,5-3,4,4-trimethylpimelyl-CoA, the first aliphatic pathway intermediate, have been determined to help establish the relevant induction profile of each of the oxygen-dependent enzymes. The efficacy of both relevant substrates and pathway metabolites as inducers has been established. Further, inhibitors with characterised functionality have been used to indicate that the pertinent regulatory controls operate at the level of transcription of the corresponding genes.
Social Network Characteristics of Learners in a Course Forum and Their Relationship to Learning Outcomes

Recently, learning analytics has become the focus in the interdisciplinary field of education technology. Among learning analytical approaches, social network analysis (SNA) plays a critical role in examining collective learning patterns. In this study, we collect the forum data in an undergraduate course from a university’s online learning system. On the one hand, SNA is adopted to investigate the learners’ social network characteristics including network structure and network positions. On the other hand, we adopt the Pearson correlation analysis to identify the relationship between social network positions (e.g., degree centrality, closeness centrality, betweenness centrality, prestige and influence) and learning outcomes of learners. The experimental results show that most high-performing learners are located in the core position of network. Moreover, there is a significantly positive correlation between learner’s social network centrality and learning outcomes, and high-performing learners have higher prestige and influence in the forum. The indepth analyses could help teachers establish effective interactive mechanism that meets knowledge skills of different individuals, as well as guide learners to help each other in collaborative learning.
TAS6417, A Novel EGFR Inhibitor Targeting Exon 20 Insertion Mutations

Activating mutations in the EGFR gene are important targets in cancer therapy because they are key drivers of non–small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Although almost all common EGFR mutations, such as exon 19 deletions and the L858R point mutation in exon 21, are sensitive to EGFR-tyrosine kinase inhibitor (TKI) therapies, NSCLC driven by EGFR exon 20 insertion mutations is associated with poor clinical outcomes due to dose-limiting toxicity, demonstrating the need for a novel therapy. TAS6417 is a novel EGFR inhibitor that targets EGFR exon 20 insertion mutations while sparing wild-type (WT) EGFR. In cell viability assays using Ba/F3 cells engineered to express human EGFR, TAS6417 inhibited EGFR with various exon 20 insertion mutations more potently than it inhibited the WT. Western blot analysis revealed that TAS6417 inhibited EGFR phosphorylation and downstream molecules in NSCLC cell lines expressing EGFR exon 20 insertions, resulting in caspase activation. These characteristics led to marked tumor regression in vivo in both a genetically engineered model and in a patient-derived xenograft model. Furthermore, TAS6417 provided a survival benefit with good tolerability in a lung orthotopic implantation mouse model. These findings support the clinical evaluation of TAS6417 as an efficacious drug candidate for patients with NSCLC harboring EGFR exon 20 insertion mutations. Mol Cancer Ther; 17(8); 1648–58. ©2018 AACR.
Cardiovascular responses to exercise when increasing skin temperature with narrowing of the core-to-skin temperature gradient.

The decline in stroke volume (SV) during exercise in the heat has been attributed to either an increase in cutaneous blood flow (CBF) that reduces venous return or an increase in heart rate (HR) that reduces cardiac filling time. However, the evidence supporting each mechanism arises under experimental conditions with different skin temperatures (Tsk; e.g., ≥38°C vs. ≤36°C, respectively). We systematically studied cardiovascular responses to progressively increased Tsk (32°C-39°C) with narrowing of the core-to-skin gradient during moderate intensity exercise. Eight men cycled at 63 ± 1% peak oxygen consumption for 20-30 min. Tsk was manipulated by having subjects wear a water-perfused suit that covered most of the body and maintained Tsk that was significantly different between trials and averaged 32.4 ± 0.2, 35.5 ± 0.1, 37.5 ± 0.1, and 39.5 ± 0.1°C, respectively. The graded heating of Tsk ultimately produced a graded elevation of esophageal temperature (Tes) at the end of exercise. Incrementally increasing Tsk resulted in a graded increase in HR and a graded decrease in SV. CBF reached a similar average plateau value in all trials when Tes was above ~38°C, independent of Tsk. Tsk had no apparent effect on forearm venous volume (FVV). In conclusion, the CBF and FVV responses suggest no further pooling of blood in the skin when Tsk is increased from 32.4°C to 39.5°C. The decrease in SV during moderate intensity exercise when heating the skin to high levels appears related to an increase in HR and not an increase in CBF. NEW & NOTEWORTHY This study systematically investigated the effect of increasing skin temperature (Tsk) to high levels on cardiovascular responses during moderate intensity exercise. We conclude that the declines in stroke volume were related to the increases in heart rate but not the changes in cutaneous blood flow (CBF) and forearm venous volume (FVV) during moderate intensity exercise when Tsk increased from ~32°C to ~39°C. High Tsk (≥38°C) did not further elevate CBF and FVV compared with lower Tsk during moderate intensity exercise.
Ethnic tolerance scale development: renovation of Integrated approach

Many theoretical models have contributed to the field of intergroup relations, but the concept of social tolerance is still very ambiguous despite huge progress in social psychology and related fields in the recent 50 years. The concept seems too complicated and researchers prefer to analyze tolerance/ intolerance components: stereotypes, prejudice, perception biases and social discrimination which seem to be more one-dimensional and available for the study. At the same time, without such data social policy in ethnic integration cannot be well goal-directed. Social and personality psychology lack integrated criteria for the assessment of ethnic tolerance/intolerance and the above-mentioned one-dimensional partial measures of ethnic tolerance cannot compensate this deficit, since they reveal only some aspects of intergroup attitudes. The elaboration of such a holistic personality measure for the assessment of intergroup relations in Latvia was the goal of this work1. The fivestage process of scale development has been used. Results have shown that a valid and reliable instrument for ethnic tolerance assessment has been elaborated. The model of elaboration could be applied in all countries.
Copeptin to rule out myocardial infarction in Blacks versus Caucasians

Background: Copeptin in combination with troponin has been shown to have incremental value for the early rule-out of myocardial infarction, but its performance in Black patients specifically has never been examined. In light of a potential for wider use, data on copeptin in different relevant cohorts are needed. This is the first study to determine whether copeptin is equally effective at ruling out myocardial infarction in Black and Caucasian races. Methods: This analysis of the CHOPIN trial included 792 Black and 1075 Caucasian patients who presented to the emergency department with chest pain and had troponin-I and copeptin levels drawn. Results: One hundred and forty-nine patients were diagnosed with myocardial infarction (54 Black and 95 Caucasian). The negative predictive value of copeptin at a cut-off of 14 pmol/l (as in the CHOPIN study) for myocardial infarction was higher in Blacks (98.0%, 95% confidence interval (CI) 96.2–99.1%) than Caucasians (94.1%, 95% CI 92.1–95.7%). The sensitivity at 14 pmol/l was higher in Blacks (83.3%, 95% CI 70.7–92.1%) than Caucasians (53.7%, 95% CI 43.2–64.0%). After controlling for age, hypertension, heart failure, chronic kidney disease and body mass index in a logistic regression model, the interaction term had a P value of 0.03. A cut-off of 6 pmol/l showed similar sensitivity in Caucasians as 14 pmol/l in Blacks. Conclusions: This is the first study to identify a difference in the performance of copeptin to rule out myocardial infarction between Blacks and Caucasians, with increased negative predictive value and sensitivity in the Black population at a cut-off of 14 pmol/l. This also holds true for non-ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction and, although numbers were small, similar trends exist in the normal troponin population. This may have significant implications for early rule-out strategies using copeptin.
Neuronal Intrinsic Regenerative Capacity: The Impact of Microtubule Organization and Axonal Transport

In the adult vertebrate central nervous system, axons generally fail to regenerate. In contrast, peripheral nervous system axons are able to form a growth cone and regenerate upon lesion. Among the multiple intrinsic mechanisms leading to the formation of a new growth cone and to successful axon regrowth, cytoskeleton organization and dynamics is central. Here we discuss how multiple pathways that define the regenerative capacity converge into the regulation of the axonal microtubule cytoskeleton and transport. We further explore the use of dorsal root ganglion neurons as a model to study the neuronal regenerative ability. Finally, we address some of the unanswered questions in the field, including the mechanisms by which axonal transport might be modulated by injury, and the relationship between microtubule organization, dynamics, and axonal transport. © 2018 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Develop Neurobiol 00: 000–000, 2018
Iron Retention in Root Hemicelluloses Causes Genotypic Variability in the Tolerance to Iron Deficiency-Induced Chlorosis in Maize

Antagonistic interactions of phosphorus (P) hamper iron (Fe) acquisition by plants and can cause Fe deficiency-induced chlorosis. To determine the physiological processes underlying adverse Fe–P interactions, the maize lines B73 and Mo17, which differ in chlorosis susceptibility, were grown hydroponically at different Fe:P ratios. In the presence of P, Mo17 became more chlorotic than B73. The higher sensitivity of Mo17 to Fe deficiency was not related to Fe–P interactions in leaves but to lower Fe translocation to shoots, which coincided with a larger pool of Fe being fixed in the root apoplast of P-supplied Mo17 plants. Fractionating cell wall components from roots showed that most of the cell wall-contained P accumulated in pectin, whereas most of the Fe was bound to root hemicelluloses, revealing that co-precipitation of Fe and P in the apoplast was not responsible for Fe inactivation in roots. A negative correlation between chlorophyll index and hemicellulose-bound Fe in 85 inbred lines of the intermated maize B73 × Mo17 (IBM) population indicated that apoplastic Fe retention contributes to genotypic differences in chlorosis susceptibility of maize grown under low Fe supplies. Our study indicates that Fe retention in the hemicellulose fraction of roots is an important determinant in the tolerance to Fe deficiency-induced chlorosis of graminaceous plant species with low phytosiderophore release, like maize.
Does Disaggregrated Compute Require a New Programming Paradigm

We are now in the era of disaggregated compute [5], where systems are composed of many small, heterogeneous, highly distributed nodes. The growing edge [8] and fog [2] compute trends are special cases of disaggregation, for which, respectively, compute-intensive operations occur at network end-points or in near-edge servers. Example scenarios include applications where data acquired at the network edge must be processed locally, perhaps for privacy reasons, or to ensure lowlatency response times.
3D guided wave motion analysis on laminated composites

Ultrasonic guided waves have proved useful for structural health monitoring (SHM) and nondestructive evaluation (NDE) due to their ability to propagate long distances with less energy loss compared to bulk waves and due to their sensitivity to small defects in the structure. Analysis of actively transmitted ultrasonic signals has long been used to detect and assess damage. However, there remain many challenging tasks for guided wave based SHM due to the complexity involved with propagating guided waves, especially in the case of composite materials. The multimodal nature of the ultrasonic guided waves complicates the related damage analysis. This paper presents results from parallel 3D elastodynamic finite integration technique (EFIT) simulations used to acquire 3D wave motion in the subject laminated carbon fiber reinforced polymer composites. The acquired 3D wave motion is then analyzed by frequencywavenumber analysis to study the wave propagation and interaction in the composite laminate. The frequency.
Optimizing the long-term management of chronic migraine with onabotulinumtoxinA in real life

ABSTRACT Introduction: Management of chronic migraine is challenging. OnabotulinumtoxinA (OBT-A) is the only medication licensed for prevention of chronic migraine, and has been widely adopted in clinical practice. Limited data is available on its long-term use. Areas covered: Data from controlled trials are combined with available data on the long-term use of OBT-A in real-life studies, with information obtained in a recent survey among Italian headache centers, and the clinical experience of the authors. Six areas were identified as relevant to patients with chronic migraine: 1) definition of responders to OBT-A; 2) management of responders to OBT-A; 3) optimal timing of prophylaxis with OBT-A; 4) position of OBT-A in prevention of chronic migraine; 5) management of medication overuse, and 6) patient education. Expert commentary: This review provides an update on the latest evidence regarding the long-term use of OBT-A in chronic migraine and analyzes the critical issues in the decision-making process that emerge from the analysis of the literature and routine practice. A treatment algorithm is proposed for the adoption in the daily practice.
Job strain and loss of healthy life years between ages 50 and 75 by sex and occupational position: analyses of 64 934 individuals from four prospective cohort studies

Objectives Poor psychosocial working conditions increase the likelihood of various types of morbidity and may substantially limit quality of life and possibilities to remain in paid work. To date, however, no studies to our knowledge have quantified the extent to which poor psychosocial working conditions reduce healthy or chronic disease-free life expectancy, which was the focus of this study. Methods Data were derived from four cohorts with repeat data: the Finnish Public Sector Study (Finland), GAZEL (France), the Swedish Longitudinal Occupational Survey of Health (Sweden) and Whitehall II (UK). Healthy (in good self-rated health) life expectancy (HLE) and chronic disease-free (free from cardiovascular disease, cancer, respiratory disease and diabetes) life expectancy (CDFLE) was calculated from age 50 to 75 based on 64 394 individuals with data on job strain (high demands in combination with low control) at baseline and health at baseline and follow-up. Results Multistate life table models showed that job strain was consistently related to shorter HLE (overall 1.7 years difference). The difference in HLE was more pronounced among men (2.0 years compared with 1.5 years for women) and participants in lower occupational positions (2.5 years among low-grade men compared with 1.7 years among high-grade men). Similar differences in HLE, although smaller, were observed among those in intermediate or high occupational positions. Job strain was additionally associated with shorter CDFLE, although this association was weaker and somewhat inconsistent. Conclusions These findings suggest that individuals with job strain have a shorter health expectancy compared with those without job strain.