Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Bacterial Periodontitis in Horses: An Epidemiological Study in Southern Italy

Simple Summary Equine periodontal disease (EPD) is a painful syndrome in horses that causes significant health problems. Despite its clinical importance, very few investigations on its etiopathogenesis have been performed. This study investigates the association of different bacterial species, including the red complex bacteria (RCB, i.e., Treponema denticola, Tannerella forsythia and Porphyromonas gingivalis), Fusobacterium nucleatum, Veilonella parvula, and Prevotella intermedia, with periodontal disease and other risk factors. Tannerella spp. and Treponema spp. were detected with a significantly higher proportion in horses affected by EPD than in healthy animals. Overall, the investigated pathogens, belonging to RCB, were detected in a low number of horses. Age was found to be the main risk factor, with horses aged older than 20 years being at higher risk of EPD. A very high rate of coinfection was statistically associated with EPD, and, thus, EPD supported the multiagent etiology of this equine complex syndrome. Abstract Equine periodontal disease (EPD) is a painful oral inflammatory syndrome characterized by multifactorial pathogenesis. Although it is well known that bacterial proliferation and consequent gingivitis are caused by the decomposition process of food residues, in hypsodont species, the pathogenetic role and the different bacterial species involved in the progression of EPD must be fully clarified. This study aimed to investigate the association of bacteria, including the complex red bacteria (RCB), with EPD, and to evaluate possible EPD risk factors. Bacterial species, including Treponema denticola, Tannerella forsythia, Porphyromonas gingivalis (belonging to the RCB), Fusobacterium nucleatum, Veilonella parvula, and Prevotella intermedia, were investigated in 125 oral swabs from healthy and EPD-affected horses using real-time multiplex PCR. Subsequently, possible risk factors (i.e., age, gender, and breed of the animals and type of feed used) were evaluated using univariate and multivariate analyses. Tannerella spp. and Treponema spp. were detected in a significantly higher proportion of horses affected by EPD than in healthy animals, although pathogens belonging to RCB were detected in low number of horses. At the same time, none of the investigated pathogens was significantly associated with a particular stage of disease severity. Horses aged older than 20 years were at higher risk of EPD. The high rate of coinfection, statistically associated with EPD, supports the hypothesis that EPD is a complex syndrome characterized by the possible simultaneous involvement of several pathogens and an increased risk depending on the animal’s age. Constant oral hygiene is the best prevention to prevent and treat the disease, especially in old animals.
Technical formulation for estimating the economic loss impact of the smallholder oil palm replanting program in Indonesia

In Indonesia, the smallholder oil palm plantations constitute 42% of the national oil palm plantation area. Therefore, the success of increasing the productivity of smallholder palm oil will have a major impact on the sustainability of the national palm oil industry. Replanting aging oil palm trees is a priority in Indonesia. Old trees become less productive, and to maintain or even increase yields to meet the demand for palm oil without increasing land used, replanting is necessary. For large agribusinesses, replanting is done regularly, however, for smallholders, this can be a challenge for various reasons mainly related to loss of income, lack of labor, and uncertainty about the process. It is important to determine the impact of the smallholder palm oil replanting program (SPR Program) in stages as a material for consideration in formulating more anticipatory and responsive policies so that they are right on target.The indicator of temporary loss of income is generated through a gradual calculation at three economic levels, namely household (micro), sectoral (agriculture) and regional (macro) economy. The calculated indicator value is in the form of a relative value that can be used as a reference in decision making, using the approach of the proportion of affected households and the level of temporary income loss, but in general the two approaches have a unidirectional relationship. The method developed in stages in this paper is recommended to be used in making decisions in government intervention policies in the context of handling the negative impact of the SPR Program as well as programming and community empowerment activities. A priority policy to prepare households and regions to face temporary loss of income sources due to the SPR. Empowerment policies that contain a priority scale both from the target group, implementation time, and period as well as the form of activities and programs according to their potential and needs. Key words: palm oil, replanting, temporary loss of income, empowerment, policy
A Simple Approximation for Bivariate and Trivariate Normal Integrals

Summary A simple approximation for the bivariate normal distribution function is described, together with a second-order refinement. For Ip| < 0-9, the worst error is about 10% arising when both arguments of the distribution function are equal, but over most of the range the agreement is much closer. An extension to trivariate normal integrals has similar good properties. Numerical evaluation of the bivariate normal distribution function is required for a number of probabilistic and statistical purposes and there is no general closed form expression. The computer algorithm of Donnelly (1973) and its extension to more dimensions by Schervish (1984) are available for accurate numerical evaluation and have been extensively used in the present study. The National Buteau of Standards tables (1959) are comprehensive and easily used, especially for 'simple' values of the correlation coefficient. Owen (1956) discusses the numerical analytical aspects, provides the theoretical basis of Donnelly's algorithms and gives a concise form of table. It is still helpful, however, to have an explicit formula for at least three reasons: to aid further analytical development, to be employed in rapid 'pocket calculator'-based evaluation, especially for preliminary calculations, and for computerized use when a large number of evaluations are required and speed of computation is important. The present note gives such a formula.
SE Analysis and GEE Optimization of Hardware-Impaired Multi-Cell Massive MIMO Systems With Rician Fading and Phase Shifts

We consider a practical hardware-impaired multi-cell massive multi-input multi-output (mMIMO) system with spatially-correlated Rician fading channels, whose line-of-sight component experiences a random phase shift. The multi-cell mMIMO system employs two-layer large-scale fading decoding (LSFD) to mitigate the interference due to pilot contamination. We consider a dynamic analog-to-digital converter (ADC) architecture at the base stations (BS), which enables us to independently vary the resolution of ADC connected to its each antenna, and thus properly choose them to achieve a high spectral efficiency (SE). Both BS and user equipments (UEs) are also equipped with low cost radio frequency chains, which introduce additional hardware impairments. We first derive a closed-form SE expression for this system, and then optimize the UEs uplink data power and LSFD vectors to maximize the global energy efficiency metric. The proposed optimization, which is practically implementable due to its closed-form updates, is derived by combining the quadratic and Dinkelbach transforms, and generalized Rayleigh quotient. We investigate the ADC resolution and hardware impairments values for which LSFD is highly effective, and the values for which its effectiveness reduces.
Association between High Ambient Temperatures and Road Crashes in an Australian City with Temperate Climate: A Time-Series Study, 2012–2021

(1) Background: High ambient temperatures are associated with increased morbidity and mortality rates, and some evidence suggests that high temperatures increase the risk of road crashes. However, little is known regarding the burden of road crashes attributable to no-optimal high temperatures in Australia. Therefore, this study examined the effects of high temperatures on road crashes using Adelaide in South Australia as a case study. (2) Methods: Ten-year daily time-series data on road crashes (n = 64,597) and weather during the warm season (October–March) were obtained between 2012 and 2021. A quasi-Poisson distributed lag nonlinear model (DLNM) was used to quantify the cumulative effect of high temperatures over the previous five days. The associations and attributable burden at moderate and extreme temperature ranges were computed as relative risk (RR) and attributable fraction. (3) Results: There was a J-shaped association between high ambient temperature and the risk of road crashes during the warm season in Adelaide, and pronounced effects were observed for minimum temperatures. The highest risk was observed at a 1 day lag and lasting for 5 days. High temperatures were responsible for 0.79% (95% CI: 0.15–1.33%) of road crashes, with moderately high temperatures accounting for most of the burden compared with extreme temperatures (0.55% vs. 0.32%). (4) Conclusions: In the face of a warming climate, the finding draws the attention of road transport, policy, and public health planners to design preventive plans to reduce the risk of road crashes attributable to high temperatures.
RDFARM - A SYSTEM FOR STORING LARGE SETS OF RDF TRIPLES AND QUADRUPLES BY MEANS OF NATURAL LANGUAGE ADDRESSING

In this paper we present results from experiments for storing middle-size and large sets of RDF triples and quadruples by means of Natural Language Addressing. For experiments we have realized program RDFArM aimed to store RDF triples and quadruples in multi-layer hash tables (information spaces with variable size). The main features of program RDFArM are outlined in the paper. Analysis of the experimental results and rank-based multiple comparison are discussed.
Pediatric Autologous Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation: Safety, Efficacy, and Patient Outcomes. Literature Review

Abstract Autologous stem cell transplantation (auto-HSCT) is a part of the therapeutic strategy for various oncohematological diseases. The auto-HSCT procedure enables hematological recovery after high-dose chemotherapy, otherwise not tolerable, by the infusion of autologous hematopoietic stem cells. Unlike allogeneic transplant (allo-HSCT), auto-HSCT has the advantage of lacking acute-graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) and prolonged immunosuppression, however, these advantages are counterbalanced by the absence of graft-versus-leukemia. Moreover, in hematological malignancies, the autologous hematopoietic stem cell source may be contaminated by neoplastic cells, leading to disease reappearance. In recent years, allogeneic transplant-related mortality (TRM) has progressively decreased, almost approaching auto-TRM, and many alternative donor sources are available for the majority of patients eligible for transplant procedures. In adults, the role of auto-HSCT compared to conventional chemotherapy (CT) in hematological malignancies has been well defined in many extended randomized trials; however, such trials are lacking in pediatric cohorts. Therefore, the role of auto-HSCT in pediatric oncohematology is limited, in both first- and second-line therapies and still remains to be defined. Nowadays, the accurate stratification in risk groups, according to the biological characteristics of the tumors and therapy response, and the introduction of new biological therapies, have to be taken into account in order to assign auto-HSCT a precise role in the therapeutic strategies, also considering that in the developmental age, auto-HSCT has a clear advantage over allo-HSCT, in terms of late sequelae, such as organ damage and second neoplasms. The purpose of this review is to report the results obtained with auto-HSCT in the different pediatric oncohematological diseases, focusing on the most significant literature data in the context of the various diseases and discussing this data in the light of the current therapeutic landscape.
Use of RTS Vaccine as Prevention Malaria in Children

Background: Malaria cases are found almost all over the world, especially countries with tropical and subtropical climates, therefore, the population at risk for malaria is estimated at 2.3 billion or 41% of the world's population. As many as 35% of the world's population live in areas that are at risk of transmission of Plasmodium falciparum, and about 1 billion people live in areas that are at low risk and there is still transmission of Malaria.The purpose of this literature review is to analyze the results of a previous study on the use of the RTS vaccine for malaria prevention in children.Method: The method used is a literature review. In the first stage, it starts by straightening the article usingsearch enginePubmed and Google scholar. The keywords used in the article search are" malaria, children, vaccines, RTS”. Results:From the article, it was found that the use of RTS vaccine to prevent the incidence of malaria is a promising approach considering the increasing number of drug resistance. This vaccine has an efficacy of 80% for the prevention of parasite invasion in the preerythrocytic stage. Conclusion: The use of RTS vaccine is effective for malaria prevention efforts.
Theoretical study of chemical reactivity descriptors of some repurposed drugs for COVID-19

This study focuses on computational studies of chemical reactivity descriptors of some proposed drugs for COVID-19. Density functional theory calculations were used to optimize the structure and investigate the frontier orbitals and the chemical reactivity descriptors of these drugs. The frontier orbitals, which include both the highest occupied molecular orbital (HOMO) and the lowest unoccupied molecular orbital (LUMO), play an essential role in molecular interactions and chemical reactivity of molecule. Polarizability, which determines the response of the susceptibility of a molecule to an approaching charge, is higher in the more complex drugs such as Hydroxychloroquine, Remdesivir, and Ivermectin compare to the smaller drugs. The HOMO and LUMO orbital energies were calculated to obtain the energy gap of the studied drugs, which is in the following order: Favipiravir < Hydroxychloroquine, Remdesivir < Ivermectin < Artesunate < Artemether < Artemisinin. Generally, molecules with a larger energy gap have lower chemical reactivity and higher kinetic stability.
Characterization of Propagation Path Loss at Vhf/Uhf Bands for Ilorin City, Nigeria

Path loss exponent, standard deviation and building penetration loss are used in all distance path loss models. Once these data are known for an environment, coverage planning and propagation analysis could be done easily. Many countries across the world, such as Japan, United Kingdom, Germany, and the USA have already published their propagation data, mostly, the path loss exponent for their various cities. However in Nigeria, these data are not available. In this work, measurements were conducted at 203.25 MHz and 583.25 MHz frequencies along ten routes in Ilorin City in Kwara State of Nigeria. Least squares regression method is used to fit the measured data with log-normal propagation path loss model to characterize the path loss parameters. Results of the experiment indicate that the path loss exponent for Ilorin City varies from 1.4 to 4.94 with an average value of 2.80. The work further investigates the behaviour of the TV signals in the same environment in terms of standard deviation and building penetration loss across the routes, and some selected building structures.
Compound Hidden Markov Model for Activity Labelling

This research presents a novel way of labelling human activities from the skeleton output computed from RGB-D data from vision-based motion capture systems. The activities are labelled by means of a Compound Hidden Markov Model. The linkage of several Linear Hidden Markov Models to common states, makes a Compound Hidden Markov Model. Each separate Linear Hidden Markov Model has motion information of a human activity. The sequence of most likely states, from a sequence of observations, indicates which activities are performed by a person in an interval of time. The purpose of this research is to provide a service robot with the capability of human activity awareness, which can be used for action planning with implicit and indirect Human-Robot Interaction. The proposed Compound Hidden Markov Model, made of Linear Hidden Markov Models per activity, labels activities from unknown subjects with an average accuracy of 59.37%, which is higher than the average labelling accuracy for activities of unknown subjects of an Ergodic Hidden Markov Model (6.25%), and a Compound Hidden Markov Model with activities modelled by a single state (18.75%).
Co-Creation of Breast Cancer Risk Communication Tools and an Assessment of Risk Factor Awareness: A Qualitative Study of Patients and the Public in India

Simple Summary The incidence of breast cancer (BC) is increasing worldwide, and India reported 179,790 cases in 2020. It is important to inform people of risk factors and methods for risk management through interactive risk communication techniques. Affordable, easy-to-understand transmedia tools for the communication of BC risk were co-created by a multidisciplinary team of doctors, clinical researchers, epidemiologists, health economists, digital designers, and public representatives. Qualitative in-depth interviews were conducted in regional languages to assess the views of patients, relatives, the public, and health professionals in India of these prototypes. There was low awareness of BC, with some understanding of age and hereditary risk factors but limited knowledge of reproductive factors amongst the general public, patients, and relatives. Participants favored storytelling techniques (animation and comic strips/infographics) to explain complex issues such as genetic risk and testing. Co-created BC risk communication transmedia tools should be used to support informed decision making. Abstract Background: Low awareness of BC and its associated risk factors causes delays in diagnosis and impacts survival. It is critical to communicate BC risk to patients in a format that they are easily able to understand. Our study aim was to develop easy-to-follow transmedia prototypes to communicate BC risk and evaluate user preferences, alongside exploring awareness of BC and its risk factors. Methods: Prototypes of transmedia tools for risk communication were developed with multidisciplinary input. A qualitative in-depth online interview study was undertaken using a pre-defined topic guide of BC patients (7), their relatives (6), the general public (6), and health professionals (6). Interviews were analyzed using a thematic approach. Findings: Most participants preferred pictographic representations (frequency format) of lifetime risk and risk factors and storytelling using short animations and comic strips (infographics) for communicating genetic risk and testing: “In a short time, they explained it very well, and I liked it”. Suggestions included minimizing technical terminology, decreasing the delivery speed, “two-way dialogue”, and using local “language for different locations”. There was low awareness of BC, with some understanding of age and hereditary risk factors but limited knowledge of reproductive factors. Interpretation: Our findings support use of multiple context-specific multimedia tools in communicating cancer risk in an easy-to-understand way. The preference for storytelling using animations and infographics is a novel finding and should be more widely explored.
Error Vector Magnitude as a Performance Standard for Antennas in the Millimeter-Wave Era: Part 1: Metric comparisons and measurement concepts

Millimeter-wave communication systems will rely on the large-scale deployment of wideband digital modulation schemes and highly integrated phased arrays to significantly expand the number of simultaneous connections and enable multigigabit per second wireless links. The quality of a digitally modulated signal transmitted and received by millimeter-wave phased arrays depends not only on radiated power and directivity, but also the wideband frequency response of phased array elements and linearity of embedded radio-frequency (RF) transceivers. Error vector magnitude (EVM) is a measure of the amplitude and phase distortion in digitally modulated signals that accounts for all of these effects, and it is increasingly used to characterize the system-level performance of over-the-air (OTA) links between antennas and phased arrays. This article examines the merits of adopting EVM as a performance standard for antennas and phased arrays by comparing it with other commonly applied OTA metrics and reviewing EVM measurement methods and concepts applied to time and frequency domain analysis. The sequel to this article [1] will provide a comprehensive survey of the various techniques applied by representative researchers to model, simulate, and measure EVM for OTA links between antennas and phased arrays, and reflect on open challenges for further research.
О вероятностных и моментных неравенствах для супермартингалов и мартингалов@@@On probability and moment inequalities for supermartingales and martingales

The probability inequality for $\max_{k\leq n}S_k$, where $S_k=\sum_{j=1}^kX_j$, is proved under the assumption that the sequence $S_k$, ${k=1,\ldots, n}$ is a supermartingale. This inequality is stated in terms of probabilities ${\bf P}(X_j>y) $ and conditional variances of random variables $X_j$, $j=1,\ldots, n$. As a simple consequence the well-known moment inequality due to Burkholder is deduced. Numerical bounds are given for constants in Burkholder's inequality.
Optical filtering characteristic of potassium Faraday optical filter

An ultra-narrow bandwidth potassium Faraday anomalous dispersion optical filter (FADOF) at the D/sub 2/ line is studied theoretically and experimentally. The effect of temperature on the characteristics of the potassium Faraday filter is discussed and the transmission versus temperature is given. Our research results show that the transmission of the K-FADOF reaches nearly 90% with a bandwidth of only 1.5 GHz. To meet different requirements, K-FADOF can operate at line-center or in the line-wing by changing the working parameters.