Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Finding a Fit With Fitness: Applying Intentional Change Theory in Worksite Health Promotion Programming

This article presents evidence on the effectiveness of worksite health promotion programs and the correspondingly low participation rates in such programs. To address this gap, Boyatzis's Intentional Change Theory (ICT) is offered as an integrative theory for increasing good health practices. Generally accepted health promotion guidelines are applied to each of the five discoveries of ICT to assist employees in finding their own fit with fitness and thus increase their individual participation in health promotion. To explain the differing contexts for ICT engagement, complexity theory is used to contrast the Positive Emotional Attractor (PEA) and the Negative Emotional Attractor (NEA). The physiological changes that occur when people are in either the PEA or NEA condition are also identified. Last, the elements of each condition are examined, the health promotion applications for each of ICT's five discoveries are summarized, and specific employee actions for each discovery that ignite sustained, desired change are identified.
Chemical composition of the essential oils of Citrus sinensis cv. Valencia and a quantitative structure-retention relationship study for the prediction of retention indices by multiple linear regression

The chemical composition of the volatile fraction obtained by head- space solid phase microextraction (HS-SPME), single drop microextraction (SDME) and the essential oil obtained by cold-press from the peels of C. si- nensis cv. Valencia were analyzed employing gas chromatography-flame ioni- zation detector (GC-FID) and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC- -MS). The main components were limonene (61.34, 68.27 and 90.50 %), myrcene (17.55, 12.35 and 2.50 %), sabinene (6.50, 7.62 and 0.5 %) and α-pi- nene (0, 6.65 and 1.4 %) respectively obtained by HS-SPME, SDME and cold- -press. Then a quantitative structure-retention relationship (QSRR) study for the prediction of retention indices (RI) of the compounds was developed by application of structural descriptors and the multiple linear regression (MLR) method. Principal components analysis was used to select the training set. A simple model with low standard errors and high correlation coefficients was obtained. The results illustrated that linear techniques such as MLR combined with a successful variable selection procedure are capable of generating an ef- ficient QSRR model for prediction of the retention indices of different com- pounds. This model, with high statistical significance (R 2 train = 0.983, R 2 test = = 0.970, Q 2 LOO = 0.962, Q 2 LGO = 0.936, REP(%) = 3.00), could be used ade- quately for the prediction and description of the retention indices of the volatile compounds.
Rapid and near-complete dissolution of wood lignin at ≤80°C by a recyclable acid hydrotrope

We report a near-complete dissolution of wood lignin at less than 80°C for 20 min using an easily recyclable hydrotrope. We report the discovery of the hydrotropic properties of a recyclable aromatic acid, p-toluenesulfonic acid (p-TsOH), for potentially low-cost and efficient fractionation of wood through rapid and near-complete dissolution of lignin. Approximately 90% of poplar wood (NE222) lignin can be dissolved at 80°C in 20 min. Equivalent delignification using known hydrotropes, such as aromatic salts, can be achieved only at 150°C or higher for more than 10 hours or at 150°C for 2 hours with alkaline pulping. p-TsOH fractionated wood into two fractions: (i) a primarily cellulose-rich water-insoluble solid fraction that can be used for the production of high-value building blocks, such as dissolving pulp fibers, lignocellulosic nanomaterials, and/or sugars through subsequent enzymatic hydrolysis; and (ii) a spent acid liquor stream containing mainly dissolved lignin that can be easily precipitated as lignin nanoparticles by diluting the spent acid liquor to below the minimal hydrotrope concentration. Our nuclear magnetic resonance analyses of the dissolved lignin revealed that p-TsOH can depolymerize lignin via ether bond cleavage and can separate carbohydrate-free lignin from the wood. p-TsOH has a relatively low water solubility, which can facilitate efficient recovery using commercially proven crystallization technology by cooling the concentrated spent acid solution to ambient temperatures to achieve environmental sustainability through recycling of p-TsOH.
Chronic Stress Induces Contrasting Patterns of Dendritic Remodeling in Hippocampal and Amygdaloid Neurons

The hippocampus and the amygdala are essential components of the neural circuitry mediating stress responses. The hippocampus, which provides negative feedback regulation of the stress response, is particularly vulnerable to degenerative changes caused by chronic stress. Unlike the hippocampus, relatively little is known about how stress affects the amygdala and the nature of its role in the stress response. Hence, we examined the effects of two different models of chronic stress on hippocampal and amygdaloid neuronal morphology in rats. In agreement with previous reports, chronic immobilization stress (CIS) induced dendritic atrophy and debranching in CA3 pyramidal neurons of the hippocampus. In striking contrast, pyramidal and stellate neurons in the basolateral complex of the amygdala exhibited enhanced dendritic arborization in response to the same CIS. Chronic unpredictable stress (CUS), however, had little effect on CA3 pyramidal neurons and induced atrophy only in BLA bipolar neurons. These results indicate that chronic stress can cause contrasting patterns of dendritic remodeling in neurons of the amygdala and hippocampus. Moreover, CIS, but not CUS, reduced open-arm activity in the elevated plus-maze. These findings raise the possibility that certain forms of chronic stress, by affecting specific neuronal elements in the amygdala, may lead to behavioral manifestations of enhanced emotionality. Thus, stress-induced structural plasticity in amygdala neurons may provide a candidate cellular substrate for affective disorders triggered by chronic stress.
Ocular autoimmunity: the price of privilege?

Summary: The eye is the prototypic immune‐privileged organ. Its antigens were once believed to be expressed exclusively in the eye, which resides behind an efficient blood–organ barrier, and were believed to be unknown to the immune system. Self‐tolerance to ocular components was therefore believed to be based not on immune tolerance but on immune ignorance. It is now known that the relationship between the immune system and the eye is much more complex. On the one hand, immune privilege is now known to involve not only sequestration but also active mechanisms that (i) inhibit innate and adaptive immune processes within the eye and (ii) shape the response that develops systemically to antigens released from the eye. On the other hand, retinal antigens are found in the thymus and have been shown to shape the eye‐specific T‐cell repertoire. However, thymic elimination of self‐reactive T cells is incomplete, and such ‘escapee’ T cells are tolerized in the periphery as they recirculate through the body by encounter with self‐antigen in healthy tissues. Due to the relative inaccessibility of the healthy eye to the immune system, peripheral tolerance mechanisms may not operate efficiently for ocular antigens, leaving a weak link in the homeostasis of tolerance. The case shall be made that although immune privilege protects vision by keeping the immune system at bay, a potential for developing destructive anti‐retinal autoimmunity may be the price for the day‐to‐day protection afforded by immune privilege against inflammatory insults.
Intense emotional responses to music: a test of the physiological arousal hypothesis

A consistent theme across general theories of emotion is that intense emotions are accompanied by increased levels of physiological arousal. The aim in the current study was to determine whether music which elicited intense emotions produced higher levels of physiological arousal than less emotionally powerful music. Twenty-one participants (9 females, 12 males) were exposed to relaxing music, arousing (but not emotionally powerful) music, an emotionally powerful film scene, and a music piece selected by participants as ‘emotionally powerful’. A range of physiological and subjective measures of arousal was recorded before and during the treatments. The emotionally powerful music treatment elicited significantly greater increases in skin conductance and number of chills than the other treatments. The findings are discussed in terms of the sensitivity of skin conductance and chills as measures of emotional intensity, and it is suggested the study offers some support for the emotivist thesis of musical emotions.
Arthropod vectors as reservoirs of microbial disease agents.

The subject of arthropod vectors as reservoirs of agents of animal diseases is difficult to review because of divergent viewpoints of the definition of a "reservoir. " Some investigators would reserve this term for vertebrate hosts and the term "vector" for intermediate hosts (141). Others would consider vectors to be reservoirs if they participate in an essential phase of the disease cycle, or show cyclic propagation or transovarial transmission of the patho­ gen [a comprehensive, tabular review of ticks in this role is supplied by Neitz (126)]. Other factors also complicate precise definition of the word "reservoir. " These include: (a) length of life and types of metamorphosis of the arthropods; (b) method of transmission by biting or by contamination from fresh or old feces; and (c) "premunition" (latent persistence of organ­ isms after initial infection) in the vertebrate host and the too often specula­ tive role this plays in providing a source of infection for ectoparasites. In this review, the reservoir mechanism is envisioned as a flexible bio­ logical adjustment of the vertebrate and arthropod hosts to pathogens, in which the relative importance of either host as a reservoir varies in different diseases. Space permits only restricted selection of evidence that emphasizes the role of arthropods beyond that of simply being vectors (e.g., yellow fever virus and mosquitoes). The terms "transovarial" (or "hereditary") and "transstadial" refer to passage of disease agents through ova and between active stages of a given vector, respectively.
Ultrafast Shortest-Path Queries via Transit Nodes

Die klassische Losung zur Berechnung kurzester Wege ist die Anwendung des Dijkstra Algorithmus, der in O(m + n log m) Zeit selbigen findet, wobei m die Anzahl Kanten ist und n die Anzahl der Knoten. Fur die Berechnung zwischen zwei beliebigen Knoten im US-Strasennetzwerk, bestehend aus ca. 24 Mio. Knoten und ca. 58 Mio. Kanten, dauert dies auf heutigen Rechnern mehr als eine Sekunde. Fur viele Anwendungen ist dies zu langsam. Obwohl es noch eine offene Frage ist, ob Dijkstra [1] fur solche Anfragen optimal ist, gibt es eine offensichtliche untere Schranke von Ω(m + n). Um schnellere, sublineare, Anfragezeiten zu erreichen, mus eine Vorverarbeitung stattfinden. Holger Bast et al. [2] stellten das Transitknoten-Konzept – ein allgemeines Konzept zur Auswahl einer Menge an Strasenknoten fur eine Vorberechnung – vor, auf welches im Folgenden naher eingegangen wird.
Children's Television, Radio, Internet, and Computer Usage in a City and a Village of China

A first step in understanding media consumption is to understand the time people spend using media, and how usage varies across demographic groups and in response to other factors. While there is ample research from the West, research from China is less evident. Here I provide a case study of children's media usage in a rural and an urban area in China. The findings showed that a greater proportion of children in the urban sample used media such as television, Internet, and computer games, and that rural–urban residency had the most significant influence on television viewing. Further, more urban children reported their parents had concerns about media usage, whereas a greater proportion of children in the rural area had televisions in their bedrooms and ate meals while watching television. This difference was explained by differences in socio-economic levels, traditional values, and educational background. The findings show that the rural–urban difference, and other factors such as parental concern, should be considered when conducting and interpreting media consumption. There also are implications for health because a large proportion of children in the present study had televisions in their bedrooms and ate while watching television, and such behaviors in the West have been associated with unhealthy lifestyles.
Perceived stress correlates with disturbed sleep: A link connecting stress and cardiovascular disease

The association between stress and cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk is becoming established. A mechanistic link clarifying the intermediate steps between the experience of stress and the development of CVD would support this association. We sought to examine the role of perceived stress as a factor associated with disturbed sleep with the goal of providing an explanation for the stress–CVD connection. We performed a cross-sectional analysis of data recorded by subjects at entry to our CVD prevention program. Data collection included questionnaire surveys, anthropometrics, and a CVD-relevant laboratory panel. Of 350 consecutively enrolled subjects (mean age 54.4 ± 12.4 [SD] years, 138 men, 39%), 165 (47%) scored above the mean for stress measures. These high-stress subjects displayed an increased cardiovascular risk profile including elevated body mass index (mean ± SD 31.1 ± 5.9 vs. 29.0 ± 5.9, rs = 0.175), increased waist circumference (102 ± 17 cm vs. 98 ± 14, rs = 0.135), and elevated high-sensitivity serum C-reactive protein (0.384 mg/dl vs. 0.356, rs = 0.109). High-stress subjects also demonstrated greater daytime sleepiness (Epworth Sleepiness Scale: 10.4 ± 5.0 vs. 7.8 ± 4.8, rs < 0.316), greater fatigue (fatigue scale: 5.4 ± 2.2 vs. 3.4 ± 2.4, rs = 0.484), poorer sleep quality (Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index: 8.5 ± 4.4 vs. 5.9 ± 4.0, rs = 0.416), and shorter sleep duration (20 min less/24 h, rs = negative 0.177) with a higher risk for sleep apnea (60% at high risk vs. 40%, p = 0.003) than low-stress subjects. High stress was associated with significant disturbances in sleep duration and sleep quality. Stress levels also correlated with daytime consequences of disturbed sleep. The stress–sleep connection may be an important mechanistic mediator of the association between stress and CVD.
Process Modeling Paradigms: An Evaluation

A software process is the set of software engineering activities needed to transform a user’s requirements into functioning software. A Semantic Data/Process Model (or Process Architecture) is a framework to incorporate generic process models, i.e. definitions, structures, standards, and relationships of the various process elements so that common technology, methods and measurements can be applied by any software project. A projectspecafic software process model (e.g. waterfall, spiral, and iterative enhancement models) is a refinement of the generic model to reflect the particular needs of the project. This again can be instantiated to an executable process (with subprocesses) to develop a particular software. Thus we have the following bindings: underlying semantic model generic process model -+ project-specific process model -+ concrete process(es). A Software Process Management (PM) environment should enact and control development activities semi-automatically and concurrently.
Probiotic Bacteria for Healthier Aging: Immunomodulation and Metabolism of Phytoestrogens

Age-related degeneration gives rise to a number of pathologies, many of them associated with imbalances of the microbiota and the gut-associated immune system. Thus, the intestine is considered a key target organ to improve the quality of life in senescence. Gut microbiota can have a powerful impact in the deterioration linked to aging by its nutritional and immunomodulatory activity. Reduced numbers of beneficial species and low microbial biodiversity in the elderly have been linked with pathogenesis of many diseases. A healthy lifestyle with an elderly customized diet including probiotics can contribute to reducing the chronic proinflammatory status and other age-related pathologies. Beneficial effects of probiotic lactic acid bacteria and bifidobacteria to alleviate some of these disorders based on their immunomodulatory properties as well as their capacity to produce bioactive metabolites from dietary phytoestrogens are summarized. On one hand, the preservation of gut barrier integrity and an increased ability to fight infections are the main reported immune benefits of probiotics. On the other hand, the intake of a diet rich in phytoestrogens along with the presence of selected probiotic bacteria may lead to the production of equol, enterolignans, and urolithins, which are considered protective against chronic diseases related to aging.
Nuclear hormone receptor CHR3 is a critical regulator of all four larval molts of the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans

CHR3 (nhr-23, NF1F4), the homologue of Drosophila DHR3 and mammalian ROR/RZR/RevErbA nuclear hormone receptors, is important for proper epidermal development and molting in the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans. Disruption of CHR3 (nhr-23) function leads to developmental changes, including incomplete molting and a short, fat (dumpy) phenotype. Here, we studied the role of CHR3 during larval development by using expression assays and RNA-mediated interference. We show that the levels of expression of CHR3 (nhr-23) cycle during larval development and reduction of CHR3 function during each intermolt period result in defects at all subsequent molts. Assaying candidate gene expression in populations of animals treated with CHR3 (nhr-23) RNA-mediated interference has identified dpy-7 as a potential gene acting downstream of CHR3. These results define CHR3 as a critical regulator of all C. elegans molts and begin to define the molecular pathway for its function.
The impact of development centre participation and the role of individual differences in changing self-assessments

Although much research has focused on assessment centres, rather less has been done on development centres (DCs), and in particular on the effects they have on participants. A study is reported of the impact of DC attendance on self-assessment made by 111 customer service staff. Participants rated themselves on the DC dimensions before and after attending, and these ratings were correlated with observers' assessments made at the DC. Results indicated congruence on only two out of 10 dimensions between observer- and self-assessments pre-DC, rising to six out of the 10 dimensions post-DC. Self-esteem also increased following attendance at the DC. Females showed more self-assessment accuracy than did males. Classifying the participants (pre-DC) into underraters, accurate raters and overraters showed that underraters became more accurate in their self-assessments post-DC whereas overraters did not; the latter group continued to have self-ratings significantly higher than observer ratings, and were unchanged in level of self-esteem. It is concluded that the DC studied has demonstrated its value as a process for increasing self-awareness for some but not all participants. The findings are discussed in terms of their implications for both research and the application of DCs in practice.
Explanations of Social Exclusion: Where Does Housing Fit in?

This paper takes the view that concepts of social exclusion are socially constructed by different combinations of economic, social and political processes. It is suggested that the core meaning of social exclusion is bound up with social isolation and social segregation, and it is therefore argued that an analysis of social mobility (or the lack of it) is crucial to understanding the content and extent of social exclusion. Three approaches to the analysis of social mobility are briefly considered, and it is concluded that the causation of social exclusion appears to have three interrelated dimensions: economic, legal/political, and moral/ideological. The main theoretical approaches to social exclusion, encompassing 'structural' and 'cultural' perspectives, are then examined, and a new, more holistic theory is proposed, using the concept of a duality of interrelated labour processes. This theory is developed on three different levels, corresponding to the three dimensions of social exclusion. The final par.
Clearance of Genotype 1b Hepatitis C Virus in Chimpanzees in the Presence of Vaccine-Induced E1-Neutralizing Antibodies

Accumulating evidence indicates that neutralizing antibodies play an important role in protection from chronic hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection. Efforts to elicit such responses by immunization with intact heterodimeric E1E2 envelope proteins have met with limited success. To determine whether antigenic sites, which are not exposed by the combined E1E2 heterodimer structure, are capable of eliciting neutralizing antibody responses, we expressed and purified each as separate recombinant proteins E1 and E2, from which the immunodominant hypervariable region (HVR-1) was deleted. Immunization of chimpanzees with either E1 or E2 alone induced antigen-specific T-helper cytokines of similar magnitude. Unexpectedly, the capacity to neutralize HCV was observed in E1 but not in animals immunized with E2 devoid of HVR-1. Furthermore, in vivo only E1-vaccinated animals exposed to the heterologous HCV-1b inoculum cleared HCV infection.
Performance comparison of MPI and three openMP programming styles on shared memory multiprocessors

When using a shared memory multiprocessor, the programmer faces the selection of the portable programming model which will deliver the best performance. Even if he restricts his choice to the standard programming environments (MPI and OpenMP), he has a choice of a broad range of programming approaches.To help the programmer in his selection, we compare MPI with three OpenMP programming styles (loop level, loop level with large parallel sections, SPMD) using a subset of the NAS benchmark (CG, MG, FT, LU), two dataset sizes (A and B) and two shared memory multiprocessors (IBM SP3 Night Hawk II, SGI Origin 3800). We also present a path from MPI to OpenMP SPMD guiding the programmers starting from an existing MPI code. We present the first SPMD OpenMP version of the NAS benchmark and compare it with other OpenMP versions from independent sources (PBN, SDSC and RWCP). Experimental results demonstrate that OpenMP provides competitive performance compared to MPI for a large set of experimental conditions. However the price of this performance is a strong programming effort on data set adaptation and inter-thread communications. MPI still provides the best performance under some conditions. We present breakdowns of the execution times and measurements of hardware performance counters to explain the performance differences.
Hesitation Disfluencies in Spontaneous Speech: The Meaning of um

Human speech is peppered with ums and uhs, among other signs of hesitation in the planning process. But are these so-called fillers (or filled pauses) intentionally uttered by speakers, or are they side-effects of difficulties in the planning process? And how do listeners respond to them? In the present paper, we review evidence concerning the production and comprehension of fillers such as um and uh, in an attempt to determine whether they can be said to be ‘words’ with ‘meanings’ that are understood by listeners. We conclude that, whereas listeners are highly sensitive to hesitation disfluencies in speech, there is little evidence to suggest that they are intentionally produced, or should be considered to be words in the conventional sense.