Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The knowledge-based view of the firm and its theoretical precursor

The knowledge-based view of the firm is a recent extension of the Resource-Based View (RBV) of the firm and provides a strong theoretical underpinning for the organisation learning and intellectual capital researchers. Knowledge is considered to be a special strategic resource that does not depreciate in the way traditional economic productive factors do. The nature of most knowledge-based resources is mainly intangible and dynamic, allowing for idiosyncratic development through path dependency and causal ambiguity, which are the basis of the mechanism for economic rent creation in the Knowledge-Based View (KBV) of the firm. Future implications that emerge from these characteristics as they relate to learning organisations are presented at the end of the paper.
Representative bureaucracy and seconded national government officials in the European Commission

The bureaucratic arms of modern international organizations increasingly consist of staff with ambiguous organizational affiliations. This article analyses the implications of this trend from the perspective of representative bureaucracy – using seconded national experts (SNEs) in the European Commission (Commission) as the empirical laboratory. Using a variety of datasets, we unveil Commission SNEs' profiles (to assess their passive representativeness) and link these profiles to their role perceptions (to evaluate their potential for active representation). This illustrates that Commission SNEs' background characteristics do not match those of their constituent population (i.e. the EU27 population) – suggesting a lack of passive representativeness. However, we also find that SNEs from countries favoring stronger national rather than European regulatory and policymaking powers are more likely to see themselves as a representative of their home country government. This suggests a potential for active representation in terms of SNEs' home country's policy preferences.
Economic Aspects Of Land Degradation In Australia

In this article an overview of several economic aspects of land degradation in Australia is presented. The economic rationale for government intervention in land management decisions relating to degradation is explored. Some potential sources of inefficient private land use decisions are identified. However, there are significant difficulties in designing policies which will result in resource allocation decisions superior to market outcomes.
A Transmission Electron Microscopy Study of CoFe2O4 Ferrite Nanoparticles in Silica Aerogel Matrix Using HREM and STEM Imaging and EDX Spectroscopy and EELS

Abstract Magnetic nanocomposite materials consisting of 5 and 10 wt% CoFe2O4 nanoparticles in a silica aerogel matrix have been synthesized by the sol-gel method. For the CoFe2O4-10wt% sample, bright-field scanning transmission electron microscopy (BF STEM) and high-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HREM) images showed distinct, rounded CoFe2O4 nanoparticles, with typical diameters of roughly 8 nm. For the CoFe2O4-5wt% sample, BF STEM images and energy dispersive X-ray (EDX) measurements showed CoFe2O4 nanoparticles with diameters of roughly 3 ± 1 nm. EDX measurements indicate that all nanoparticles consist of stoichiometric CoFe2O4, and electron energy-loss spectroscopy measurements from lines crossing nanoparticles in the CoFe2O4-10wt% sample show a uniform composition within nanoparticles, with a precision of at best than ±0.5 nm in analysis position. BF STEM images obtained for the CoFe2O4-10wt% sample showed many “needle-like” nanostructures that typically have a length of ∼10 nm and a width of ∼1 nm, and frequently appear to be attached to nanoparticles. These needle-like nanostructures are observed to contain layers with interlayer spacing 0.33 ± 0.1 nm, which could be consistent with Co silicate hydroxide, a known precursor phase in these nanocomposite materials.
Carnage in Paradise

Different perceptions and claims lead to conflicts over environmental outcomes. By elucidating the role of the state and its relationship to local institutions, one can better understand contemporary institutional conflict and the need to create mechanisms for inter-institutional cooperation in environmental decision making, particularly in the realm of protected area management. The article is based on findings from one of the remaining few Afro-tropical rainforests. Located in western Kenya, Kakamega forest is under immense threat of survival. The forest is located in a densely populated area and inhabited by poor farming communities, largely of Luhya descent. The study analyses varied notions related to local people’s perception of institutional regimes. The aim of the article is to shed more light on what is meant by institutions, institutionalism and point to some common misleading notions associated with the terms; explain the institutional dimensions of environmental decision making in the context of shifting discourses in protected area management; explain the most common basis of institutional conflict over the environment and summarize by drawing emphasis on how comanagement in protected reserves requires the recognition of local institutional rights and how this can both reduce institutional conflict to achieve a sustainable relationship between societies and the environment.
‘It’s nothing you could ever prepare anyone for’: the experiences of young people and their families following parental stroke

ABSTRACT Aims: This study sought to explore the experiences of young people (aged 8–16) and their families following parental acquired brain injury (ABI), with the aim of developing an understanding of the ways in which members of a family make sense of events post-injury, and to consider the implications of different perspectives on adjustment and coping. Design: The study applied a qualitative approach using a thematic analysis methodology. Procedure: Individual semi-structured interviews were conducted with 10 individuals from three families affected by parental stroke. Results: Findings suggested that post-injury, families experienced a period of uncertainty in which they were required to renegotiate their roles and adjust to the loss associated with parental stroke. Additionally, the psychosocial wellbeing of young people was negatively affected, whilst protective and coping strategies were recognised. Conclusions: The research offers an insight into the processes that may contribute to patterns of interpersonal relating that could negatively impact on adjustment. Provision of adequate information, psychological and practical support during recovery may therefore be crucial elements of supporting young people and their families in adjusting to the challenges posed by stroke.
Ageing and Economic Growth - A Panel Data Analysis

In the present paper an empirical analysis will point out that ageing causes a decline on economic growth as claimed by Martins et al., (2005). The sample covers all western world and the United States. Data are taken from Eurostat and OECD. The elaboration of these panel data is made feasible by means of the Eviews software package.
Exome sequencing identifies a novel TRPV4 mutation in a CMT2C family

Mutations in over 50 genes have been associated with Charcot-Marie-Tooth (CMT) disease. As new genes continue to be discovered, the task of sequencing each of them individually with traditional techniques becomes increasingly burdensome. In addition, these approaches have disadvantages that may reduce their sensitivity. Exome sequencing uses targeted sequence capture of exons and next-generation sequencing to evaluate the sequence of all exons simultaneously. Here, we report a family with the CMT2C phenotype in whom exome sequencing revealed a novel mutation in the transient receptor potential vanilloid 4 (TRPV4) gene missed by previous Sanger sequencing.1
Nonmydriatic Ultra-Wide-Field Scanning Laser Ophthalmoscopy (Optomap) versus Two-Field Fundus Photography in Diabetic Retinopathy

The purpose of this study was to investigate the diagnostic properties of a 2-laser wavelength nonmydriatic 200° ultra-wide-field scanning laser ophthalmoscope (SLO) versus mydriatic 2-field 45° color fundus photography (EURODIAB standard) for assessing diabetic retinopathy (DR). A total of 143 consecutive eyes of patients with different levels of DR were graded regarding DR level and macular edema based on 2-field color photographs or 1 Optomap Panoramic 200 SLO image. All SLO images were nonmydriatic and all photographs mydriatic. Grading was performed masked to patient and clinical data. Based on photography, 20 eyes had no DR, 44 had mild, 18 moderate and 42 severe nonproliferative DR, and 19 eyes had proliferative DR. Overall correlation for grading DR level compared to Optomap SLO was moderate with kappa 0.54 (p < 0.001), fair-to-moderate in macular edema grading with kappa 0.39 (p < 0.001), and substantial for grading clinically significant macular edema (kappa 0.77). The wide-field SLO offers a wider field of view and can potentially better differentiate lesions by applying the 2 laser wavelengths. However, these advantages over 2-field fundus photography need to be confirmed in further studies.
The environment‐community symbiosis: A case for collaborative tourism planning

This article advances the proposition that sustainable tourism can be achieved through recognition that the public and private sector, the host communities and the natural environment are interdependent stakeholders in a complex tourism ‘domain’, where no single individual, agency or group can resolve strategic tourism issues by acting alone. The planning and management of this domain for the purpose of achieving sustainability requires moving away from traditional approaches towards dynamic collaboration among the stakeholders of the tourism development and planning domain. Collaboration provides a flexible process which evolves over time, enabling stakeholders to disseminate and manage problems or issues on an interactive basis. It offers an attractive alternative to adversarial problem solving methods in tourism planning and management, when inter or multi‐sectoral participation is required. The paper commences with a discussion of the shortfalls of traditional tourism planning processes and models, fo.
Impacts of subsidized hybrid seed on indicators of economic well‐being among smallholder maize growers in Zambia

We test the hypotheses that subsidies on hybrid seed change maize production, total household income, the severity of poverty, and relative deprivation among smallholder maize growers in Zambia. The analysis contributes to the literature by measuring the quantitative effects of seed (as compared to fertilizer) subsidies on indicators of household well-being rather than input demand. We apply a combination of econometric approaches to a nationally representative, balanced panel of smallholder maize-growing households, and invoke the chain rule to generate quantitative estimates of impacts per kg of subsidized seed. Our findings demonstrate that in the initial years of the program, subsidized seed enhanced the well-being of smallholder maize growers according to each indicator, but by small magnitudes. Simple calculations suggest high private and social benefit-cost ratios when benefits are measured in terms of household income, although magnitudes are sensitive to seed price and administrative costs. (This abstract was borrowed from another version of this item.)
Money and Goldstone modes

Why is 'worthless' fiat money generally accepted as payment for goods and services? In equilibrium theory, the value of money is generally not determined: the number of equations is one less than the number of unknowns, so only relative prices are determined. In the language of mathematics, the equations are 'homogeneous of order one'. Using the language of physics, this represents a continuous 'Goldstone' symmetry. However, the continuous symmetry is often broken by the dynamics of the system, thus fixing the value of the otherwise undetermined variable. In economics, the value of money is a strategic variable which each agent must determine at each transaction by estimating the effect of future interactions with other agents. This idea is illustrated by a simple network model of monopolistic vendors and buyers, with bounded rationality. We submit that dynamical, spontaneous symmetry breaking is the fundamental principle for fixing the value of money. Perhaps the continuous symmetry representing the lack of restoring force is also the fundamental reason for large fluctuations in stock markets.
Fifty-Seven Serious Defects in ‘Australian’ IFRS

Australian accounting standards commonly used in the preparation of company financial reports have a controversial origin. Under a protocol adopted by the Financial Reporting Council, Australian accounting standards since 2005 substantially replicate the International Financial Reporting Standards (IFRS) made by the International Accounting Standards Board. These standards' continued development is largely outside the control of Australian authorities. The standards examined are found to have such a large catalogue of conceptual and technical deficiencies that the authors call to question the adoption of an Australian IFRS protocol.
A Model of Rhetorical Legitimization and the Case of Quality Assessment in Higher Education

The Department of Education (DoE) and the Council for Higher Education Accreditation (CHEA) are regulatory agencies in the system of accreditation that influence both the quality and reputation of colleges and universities. Recent criticism (e.g., Butler, 2012; Obama, 2013b; Weissburg, 2009; Wellman, 1998) of accreditation processes in the United States and changing legislation (i.e., DoE, 2014e) brought attention to how stakeholders perceived these organizations. This dissertation explored the accreditation-related, web-based rhetoric of the DoE and CHEA to uncover how these organizations responded to stakeholder concerns regarding higher educational quality assessment. Grounded in legitimacy theory (Chung, 2010), a Rhetorical Legitimization Model was developed to illustrate the strategies used by the DoE and CHEA. Both organizations: (1) employed the legitimizing strategy of isomorphism that encouraged regulatory legitimacy, (2) utilized impression management that encouraged pragmatic legitimacy, and (3) engaged in a dialogic approach that encouraged normative legitimacy. This study also found that, although the rhetorical strategies used by the organizations were strikingly similar, the DoE and CHEA varied in the utilization of impression management and a dialogic approach to legitimization. The results of this study likely provide valuable information to practitioners and researchers regarding how accreditation-related organizations utilize rhetoric to influence legitimacy.
Influence of P‐glycoprotein inhibition on the distribution of the tricyclic antidepressant nortriptyline over the blood–brain barrier

The distribution of the antidepressant drug nortriptyline (NT) and its main metabolite E‐10‐hydroxy‐nortriptyline (E‐10‐OH‐NT) across the blood–brain barrier was considered in relation to inhibition of the multidrug transporter P‐glycoprotein (P‐gp). Rats received NT in doses of 25 mg/kg orally, 10 mg/kg i.p. or 25 mg/kg i.p. Half the rats were treated with the P‐glycoprotein inhibitor cyclosporine A (CsA) (200 mg/kg) 2 h prior to NT administration, and the other half served as a control group. NT and the metabolite were extracted from brain and serum by liquid–liquid extraction and analysed by HPLC with UV‐detection. The brain to serum ratio of NT was increased in the CsA treated groups (22.3–26.8) compared with the control groups (16.5–22.7), the difference being statistically significant in two of the three experiments (p<0.05). Increased brain–serum ratios were also found for E‐10‐OH‐NT, but the differences were not statistically significant. These results suggest that inhibition of P‐gp by CsA increases the accumulation of NT in the brain. Administration of the antipsychotic drug risperidone (0.5 mg/kg s.c.), which is a P‐gp substrate, instead of CsA did not exert any measurable influence on the blood–brain ratio of NT concentrations.
Welfare impact of external balance in pakistan: CGE-microsimulation analysis

This paper studies the welfare impact of changes in the external balance of a developing economy (Pakistan). We explain that the economic growth achieved during the past decade is highly dependent on the improvements in external balance. After 2001, Pakistan has benefited from, an increase in the inflow of remittances, foreign assistance from bilateral and multilateral sources, and a relatively stable exchange rate. This was complimented by growth in the real sector. The GDP grew at an average of 7 percent from 2002 to 2007. During the same time period the growth in per-capita income was around 13 percent in dollar terms. This performance however has come under pressure due to the rising inflation, slowing down of global economy and external price shocks. The increase in import price of petroleum, raw materials and other manufactured goods has the potential of reducing the growth performance, impacting the competitiveness of the economy and thereby threatening the gains achieved during the past seven years in reducing the poverty levels. We study using a CGE-microsimulation model the effects of changes in import prices faced by Pakistan. Also provided in the simulation exercise is an analysis of increase in foreign savings that are usually prescribed for developing economies in order to augment the domestic savings and channelling investment towards developments in infrastructure and social sectors.
Does Multinationality Affect the Propensity to Innovate? An Analysis of the Third UK Community Innovation Survey

Abstract The paper is developed at the interface between internationalization and innovation studies. It utilizes data on innovation from the UK Community Innovation Surveys 3 and 2 (CIS3 and CIS2) to assess whether multinationality affects the innovation propensity of surveyed enterprises. The indicators of innovation propensity—our dependent variables—are taken from the following CIS sets of variables: innovation outputs; innovation inputs; innovation outcomes (patent applications); innovation continuity/sustainability. The latter element is considered to be the ability of the enterprise to sustain innovation over a long period of time and the relevant variable is derived from both CIS3 and 2 data. This allows the paper to introduce dynamic elements into the analysis. Four hypotheses are developed and tested. Our main hypothesis states that multinationality per se (i.e. being part of a multinational company network) affects the propensity to innovate. We also test for three sub‐hypotheses related to characteristics of multinationality: belonging to a group vs being independent; degree of multinationality; being part of a foreign vs domestic multinational. The results show that all those CIS enterprises that belong to a multinational corporation—whether UK or foreign—are more likely to exhibit innovation propensity; they are also more likely to engage in innovation activities on a continuous basis.
The Political Economy of Publicly Provided Private Goods

Abstract Traditional Political Economy models typically imply a strong relationship between income inequality and public intervention in redistributive policies. Empirical evidence suggests that this may hold true only for certain kinds of policies, for instance cash transfers or education, but in the case of other policies with redistributive effects such as social security and some publicly provided private goods this may not hold true. Abstract In this paper I develop a method to derive the sign of the relationship between income inequality and degree of public intervention in education in a Probabilistic Voting model in which the consumers-voters are also allowed to choose other forms of redistribution. Abstract I show that the relationship between income inequality and governmental intervention implied in the traditional literature is mainly a result of the restrictive assumptions of those models. Abstract I also show that this method can deliver sharp predictions even in presence of those non-convexities in individual preferences that are usually described as a feature induced by public provision of education in the traditional literature in Public Economics. Abstract I argue that the relationship between income inequality and public intervention in schooling is a natural and promising field in which the tool proposed can be useful for empirical purposes and that can help to better explain some patterns described in the literature about public intervention in education.
Lightning protection of China railway vehicle running safety monitor system - Internet of Things in lightning protection

In recent years, with the rapid expansion of China railway construction which accelerate the increasing numbers of railroad monitoring station and the development of the Internet of Things, the lightning protection of railway becomes more intelligent and informative. Especially in China railway 5T system (railway vehicle running safety monitor system), technologies such as the mechanical, acoustic, optical, electronic, infrared monitoring help to monitor and guarantee the train safety during running. There are more than 6,000 stations in 5T system, these stations are mostly located in the wilderness, mountains range, wetlands, coastal and other harsh environment. Consequently, lightning damage and maintenance costs amount to more than 10 million Yuan each year. Since 2003, the lightning protection devices had been installed in 5T system stations including power lightning protection devices and signal lightning protection devices. The implementation of integrated lightning protection measures these status: lightning protection, grounding, and equipotential connection and so on. However there is not any stationed staff in the station, and the station does not have trigger response to any immediate notification after lightning damage occurs. In this case, the lightning protection lacks intelligent protection, which can mitigate the possibility of future lightning damage. In order to make the 5T system lightning protection effectively work on the purpose of centralized management, we introduce the technology of the "Internet of Things". Thousands of data about lightning currents, SPD information, power information, grounding system state information are connected through the wireless network to the information management platform. Through several years' running and testing, 5T system maintenance personnel and the Railway Bureau management personnel can obtain lightning protection informations of 5T system at real time which greatly improves the effectiveness of lightning protection equipment and facilities further minimizing the costs of lightning damage.