Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Drug Target Prediction by Multi-View Low Rank Embedding

Drug repositioning has been a key problem in drug development, and heterogeneous data sources are used to predict drug-target interactions by different approaches. However, most of studies focus on a single representation of drugs or proteins. It has been shown that integrating multi-view representations of drugs and proteins can strengthen the prediction ability. For example, a drug can be represented by its chemical structure, or by its chemical response in different cells. A protein can be represented by its sequence, or by its gene expression values in different cells. The docking of drugs and proteins based on their structure can be considered as one view (structural view), and the chemical performance of them based on gene expression and drug response can be considered as another view (chemical view). In this work, we first propose a single-view approach of SLRE based on low rank embedding for an arbitrary view, and then extend it to a multi-view approach of MLRE, which could integrate both views. Our experiments show that our methods perform significantly better than baseline methods including single-view methods and multi-view methods. We finally report predicted drug-target interactions for 30 FDA-approved drugs.
How Customer Loyalty Model Be Operative? A study of Cellular Phone Service Providers in Pakistan

The idea of this study is raised because of tough competition in cell phone industry of Pakistan. In this scenario, every organization after retaining customer tries to make him/her loyal. The loyalty, which has rigorously investigated, empirically tested with different combination of variables, which collectively help in making the customer loyal. Data were collected through 508 questionnaires. Respondents were pre-paid cell phone customers. Data was analyzed via factor loading and reliability of variables. Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) technique was used for the testing of hypotheses. Loyalty model was found significantly responsive for cellular phone services in Pakistan. Perceived service quality, satisfaction, trust and image have chained link of positive affects, which leads to loyalty of customers in the telecom sector of Pakistan. Customers do not take effect of perceived service quality. However, it is service quality, which satisfies customer through image of the organization. This loyalty model is more preferably applicable in the industry where competition is tough and switching rate is high. In future researches, this model can be tested across the culture. Moreover, more variables can be added to strengthen the loyalty model.
Transition boundaries for protistan species turnover in hypersaline waters of different biogeographic regions

The identification of environmental barriers which govern species distribution is a fundamental concern in ecology. Even though salt was previously identified as a major transition boundary for micro- and macroorganisms alike, the salinities causing species turnover in protistan communities are unknown. We investigated 4.5 million high-quality protistan metabarcodes (V4 region of the SSU rDNA) obtained from 24 shallow salt ponds (salinities 4%-44%) from South America and Europe. Statistical analyses of protistan community profiles identified four salinity classes, which strongly selected for different protistan communities: 4-9%, 14-24%, 27-36% and 38-44%. The proportion of organisms unknown to science is highest in the 14-24% salinity class, showing that environments within this salinity range are an unappreciated reservoir of as yet undiscovered organisms. Distinct higher-rank taxon groups dominated in the four salinity classes in terms of diversity. As increasing salinities require different cellular responses to cope with salt, our results suggest that different evolutionary lineages of protists have evolved distinct haloadaptation strategies. Salinity appears to be a stronger selection factor for the structuring of protistan communities than geography. Yet, we find a higher degree of endemism in shallow salt ponds compared with less isolated ecosystems such as the open ocean. Thus, rules for biogeographic structuring of protistan communities are not universal, but depend on the ecosystem under consideration.
Der Regierungsentwurf eines Gesetzes zur Modernisierung des Bilanzrechts

IV. Abschlussprüferrichtlinie . 660 1. Interne Rotation des verantwortlichen Prüfungspartners . 660 2. Netzwerk . 661 3. Aufsichtsrat/Prüfungsausschuss . 662 4. „cooling off“ . 669
Hedonic Motivations and the Effectiveness of Risk Perceptions–Oriented Revenue Management Policies

The study proposes that deal-seeking travelers’ perception of risk may have a dual and contradicting impact on expected utility and, consequently, on their propensity to search for a better deal and book the travel product. According to a traditionally utilitarian motivation, a high level of risk and the prospect of negative results reduce expected utility, and they are therefore likely to reduce search activities and increase booking. This study argues that, because of hedonic motivations, consumers may enjoy the risk elements of their search for a better deal and, consequently, may respond to higher levels of induced risk perception by increasing search activities and reducing booking. The study explains how this finding affects the way revenue-managing hotels, which seek to affect their customers’ behavior by inducing risk perceptions, should adapt their strategies.
THE IMPACT OF FOREIGN DIRECT INVESTMENT ON INTERNATIONAL CONFLICT

This paper extends the analysis of the conflict–trade relationship by introducing foreign direct investment (FDI). We present a formal model that shows why FDI can improve international relations. We then proceed to test the model empirically. Our empirical results show that foreign direct investment plays a similar role to trade in affecting international interactions. More specifically, we find that the flow of FDI has reduced the degree of international conflict and encouraged co‐operation between dyads during the period of the late 1980s and the decade of the 1990s. This is an especially important result since one of the main characteristics of globalization has been the reduction of barriers to international capital flows and, as a consequence, the amounts of capital flows have expanded enormously dwarfing those of trade flows. The policy implication of our finding is that further international co‐operation in reducing barriers to capital flows can promote a more peaceful world. † The authors would like to acknowledge the comments of participants at the ISA meetings in Montreal, those of the Peace Science Society in Houston and the Economics and Security Conference in Thessaloniki, Greece.
Autocorrelation in economic indicators before and after Natural Disaster

This study investigates the autocorrelation in economic indicators of Pakistan before and after Natural disaster in the light of variables, which includes GDP (deflator), Inflation (CPI), Money supply (M2), Remittances and Net export (X-M). This study considers the data for the period of 1989-2009. In this study, data has been divided into two sets; first having a data for the period of 1989-2005 for before earthquake and second has a data for the period of 2006-2009 for after earthquake. The findings of this paper reveal that all of the major economical players of Pakistan as stated above do follow the certain upward trend for the period before natural disasters. While, after the event of natural disasters these major players have no certain trend and they move randomly.
Intercultural citizenship from an internationalist perspective

The main purpose of this article is to present the concept of intercultural citizenship and its relationship to internationalism. In the first part, internationalism is distinguished from internationalisation in education, and from the notion of cosmopolitanism. Where internationalisation is largely a question of new activities within existing concepts of education, internationalism in education would promote the “bonding” of groups across national and state frontiers, and cosmopolitanism in education would aspire to over-rule the role of education in creating a sense of national allegiance and replace it with the promotion of an identification with human society as a whole. In the second part, intercultural citizenship is presented as the basis for dialogue among groups of different languages and cultures within and across nation-state boundaries. Education for intercultural citizenship, it is argued, needs to combine the objectives of foreign language education and citizenship/political education, and a brief example is given of how this can be done, with reference to a more comprehensive account elsewhere. The attraction of intercultural citizenship includes the opportunity for young people to engage in internationalism through international dialogue and action, thus reducing the prejudice engendered by national perspectives. INTRODUCTION – THE INTERNATIONAL(IST) PERSPECTIVE Too much has been said and written about globalisation to even begin to summarise here, but one account will provide an adequate starting point. Waters’ approach to definition is to imagine what a fully globalised world would look like: In a globalized world there will be a single society and culture occupying the whole planet. (.) Importantly territoriality will disappear as an organizing principle for social and cultural life; it will be a society without borders and spatial boundaries. In a globalized world we will be unable to predict social practices and preferences on the basis of geographical location. Equally we can expect relationships between people in disparate locations to be formed as easily as relationships between people in proximate ones. We can therefore
Influence factors of E-business enterprise employee work performance

For 21st century businesses, humans are the most critical factors to remain competitive [1]. However, the biggest challenge for human resources researcher is that how to inspire people's maximum potential, and combined human potential with organizational performance. The achievement motivation, emotional stability and communication motivation, which are the most important psychological characteristics for human resource. Taking 300 employees of a E-business Enterprise as the research object, the thesis studying achievement motivation, emotional stability, communication motivation impact on work performance from the perspective of employees. The study found that achievement motivation, emotional stability are positively correlated to employee performance, communication motivation of stuff in technical position and work performance negatively correlated; The hypothesis communication motivation positively influence on employee performance is not fully established. There is a positive correlation between the number of friends in the staff organization and work performance. The results will help corporate managers improve employee motivation, improve corporate performance, reduce the mobility of employees, which helping to guide employees to adjust their achievement motivation, communication motivation and emotional stability exchanges, so that the employees can change from the low performance to high-efficiency, which help to dynamic working atmosphere, improve motivation, increase productivity.
Using Foreign Investment Strategically for Innovation

The impact of foreign direct investment (FDI) on future opportunities for catching up by developing countries is much greater than its importance as a source of capital. Indeed, transnational corporations presently set the pace for technological change and shape the distribution of production globally. Their influence on the opportunities for learning and innovations and thus growth and development in developing countries is unparalleled. This article explores these issues by presenting case studies, which attempt to analyse the manner in which two countries, Trinidad and Tobago and Costa Rica, have been able to use FDI strategically for innovation. It examines the manner in which their governments have situated FDI in a long-term development process whose goals go beyond technological capability building within a single enterprise to the much broader aim of strengthening local innovation capabilities system-wide.Les répercussions des investissements directs étrangers (IDE) sur les capacités des pays en développement à rattraper leur retard sont de loin supérieures à leur importance en tant que source de capital. En fait, les corporations transnationales indiquent actuellement le rythme du changement technologique et définissent l'ampleur de la distribution de la production à échelle mondiale. Leur influence sur les possiblités d'apprentissage et d'innovation, et donc sur la croissance et le développement dans les pays en développement , est énorme. Cet article explore ces thèmes en présentant des études de cas, qui tentent d'analyser la manière dont deux pays, Trinidad et Tobago et Costa Rica, ont réussi à utiliser stratégiquement les IDE dans le sens de l'innovation. Il examine la manière dont leurs gouvernements ont intégré les IDE dans un processus de développement à long terme dont les objectif vont au-delà de l'avance technologique à l'intérieur d'une seule entreprise, pour renforcer les capacités locales d'innovation au sein du système complet.
To What Extent are African Education Policies Pro-poor?

This paper discusses the distributional consequences of education policies in developing countries, with a specific emphasis on sub-Saharan Africa. We show that human capital is particularly unequally distributed in sub-Saharan African countries and in Middle-East and North Africa and South Asian regions as well. To obtain this conclusion, we build an analytical framework in which the effects of the level and of the structure of human capital are separated, which provides a way to correct data for the inevitable correlation that exists between the aggregate level of human capital and its concentration. We provide further evidence, based on sub-Saharan African schooling structure data, that these countries pay, relatively speaking, little attention to primary education, to the benefit of secondary education. We interpret this bias as the result of specific institutional characteristics of sub-Saharan Africa, which are deeply-rooted in its history (in particular its post-colonial legacy), its demography and its geography.
The genetic expectations of a protracted model for the origins of domesticated crops

Until recently, domestication has been interpreted as a rapid process with little predomestication cultivation and a relatively rapid rise of the domestication syndrome. This interpretation has had a profound effect on the biological framework within which investigations into crop origins have been carried out. A major underlying assumption has been that artificial selection pressures were substantially stronger than natural selection pressures, resulting in genetic patterns of diversity that reflect genetic independence of geographic localities. Recent archaeobotanical evidence has overturned the notion of a rapid transition, resulting in a protracted model that undermines these assumptions. Conclusions of genome-wide multilocus studies remain problematic in their support of a rapid-transition model by indicating that domesticated crops appear to be associated by monophyly with only a single geographic locality. Simulations presented here resolve this conflict, indicating that the results observed in such studies are inevitable over time at a rate that is largely influenced by the long-term population size. Counterintuitively, multiple origin crops are shown to be more likely to produce monophyletic clades than crops of a single origin. Under the protracted transition, the importance of the rise of the domestication syndrome becomes paramount in producing the patterns of genetic diversity from which crop origins may be deduced. We identify four different interacting levels of organization that now need to be considered to track crop origins from modern genetic diversity, making crop origins a problem that could be addressed through system-based approaches.
European integration and national parliamentary oversight institutions

This article analyses to what extent and why national parliaments have created oversight institutions to adapt to European integration. Employing data from 22 member states from 1984–2006, the analysis suggests that government-supporting parliamentary groups create oversight institutions to enhance policy participation as integration becomes more important. Moreover, parliamentarians improve their access to information about government policy if governing parties are internally divided over European integration. Finally, oversight institutions that constrain the government’s discretion to act in European Union affairs exist in Eurosceptic countries, where they help parliamentarians to enhance electoral security.
Response: Michael Porter's Conservative Urban Agenda will not Revitalize America's Inner Cities: What will?

Once shorn of the fetters of government and meddling community groups, profit-seeking businesses will, according to Michael Porter, capitalize on the competitive advantages of the inner city. Will the ensuing business development dynamic create jobs for the impoverished of the inner city? The author does not think so. A properly compliant government and pro-business community groups, working in conjunction with large and small businesses, in fact, will accomplish little, absent a profound change in society's attitudes about why it is that poor urban areas are poor Society expects that ghetto redevelopment plans willfail, Those seeking change must highlight the success stories, energize the public-private partnerships, and prod businesses into investing in the city. One model of successful minority business development, Mesbic Ventures of Dallas, is put forth to highlight how job creation can become a reality in urban minority communities.
Climate Protection and Energy Sustainability Policy in California Cities: What Have We Learned?

ABSTRACT: Local governments have undertaken climate protection and energy sustainability policy actions to comply with state environmental protection legislation. However, noncollaboration and high up-front costs involved in sustainability programs hinder some cities from adopting climate protection and energy sustainability policy actions. This study examines climate protection and energy sustainability policy actions in 172 California cities and develops a framework from literatures in environmental protection policy, institutional analysis, policy innovation, policy entrepreneurship, and urban politics to construct hypotheses which are tested with data from a 2010 International City/County Management Association (ICMA) survey. Comparative descriptive analyses indicate that California cities are more advanced in the use of these policy actions than the rest of theUnited States. A set of Poisson regression and negative binomial regression analyses provides evidence that financial independence, education, homeownership, form of government, ICLEI membership, and the intergovernmental impacts of entrepreneurial state legislators influence the use of these policy actions at the local level. The influence of these factors differs across sustainability, environmental conservation, and energy use reduction policy actions.
Results of Pancreaticoduodenectomy for Lymphoplasmacytic Sclerosing Pancreatitis

ObjectiveTo compare the presentation and short-term results of pancreaticoduodenectomy for lymphoplasmacytic sclerosing pancreatitis (LPSP) and pancreatic adenocarcinoma (PA) and to provide long-term follow-up on patients undergoing resection for LPSP. Summary Background DataLPSP is a rare form of chronic pancreatitis characterized by a mixed inflammatory infiltrate centered around pancreatic ducts and ductules, combined with obliterative phlebitis. Its presentation may mimic that of PA. MethodsAmong 1,648 patients undergoing pancreaticoduodenectomy at the authors’ institution from January 1992 to May 2002, 37 with LPSP were identified. The demographics, clinical features, and short- and long-term outcomes of these patients were analyzed. Where applicable, comparisons were made to a consecutive group of 45 patients who underwent pancreaticoduodenectomy for PA from July 2001 to December 2001. ResultsTwenty-four percent (9/37) of the LPSP patients and none of the PA patients had a history of either atopic or autoimmune disease. The LPSP patients had a similar clinical presentation to the PA patients, but the LPSP patients were less likely to have a discrete pancreatic mass on CT and more likely to have CT findings suggesting a diffusely enlarged pancreas. The LPSP patients were also less likely to have a discrete pancreatic mass at operation, more likely to have a diffusely firm or hard gland, and more likely to have a difficult portal vein/superior mesenteric vein dissection when compared to the PA patients. Transfusion requirement, operative time, postoperative length of stay, and overall complication rate were similar between groups; however, the LPSP patients had a greater operative blood loss. The median length of follow-up for LPSP patients was 33 months. No patients had recurrent jaundice. One patient with LPSP had clinically evident recurrent pancreatitis. Among LPSP patients available for current telephone interview, 68% subjectively rated their quality of life as better, 18% reported no change, and 14% reported diminished quality of life compared to before surgery. ConclusionLPSP mimics PA in clinical presentation, though CT findings of a diffusely enlarged pancreas without a discrete mass may suggest a diagnosis of LPSP. Nevertheless, differentiation from pancreatic neoplasia remains difficult. Patients undergoing pancreaticoduodenectomy for LPSP have durable relief of symptoms and a subjectively improved quality of life.
RELIABILITY OF DRUG USERS' SELF-REPORTED HIV RISK BEHAVIORS USING A BRIEF, 11-ITEM SCALE

This study evaluated the reliability of self-reported HIV risk behaviors in 84 substance misusers. The 11-item HIV Risk Behavior Scale was used to evaluate lifetime, past month, and past week risk behaviors. Cronbach's alpha ranged from. 75 to. 80 for the three versions. Test-retest reliability for the lifetime version was excellent, with correlations of. 90. In addition, 44 clients completed the weekly version once a week for four weeks, as well as the monthly version at the end of the same month. Reliability of responses collected weekly and monthly was good (r =. 67, p <. 001). Principal component analysis of the items confirmed that the scale measures two distinct HIV risk factors: one related to injecting behaviors and the other to sexual behaviors. These data suggest that the HRBS has satisfactory psychometric properties for measuring lifetime as well as recent HIV risk behaviors in substance misusers. Due to its brevity, this instrument may be a useful clinical and research tool.
More acted upon than acting? Campaigns against waste incinerators in England

Campaigns against waste incineration in England never achieved prominence comparable with that of 1990s anti-roads protests. The explanation lies in the relative centrality of policies to government, the availability of allies, and the local nature of policy implementation and siting decisions. Variation in the outcomes of local campaigns is best explained by the differing political opportunity structures of local government. Historic patterns of local waste management, the timing of proposals and changes in government policy are also factors. Sharply rising costs of landfill drive waste authorities to seek alternatives, and new proposals for incinerators increased after 2005, provoking the establishment of a national anti-incinerator network. However, increased concern about climate change and availability of new, modular waste treatment technologies reduce the appeal of incineration.