Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Meeting report: mitosis and nuclear structure

The Company of Biologists Workshop entitled ‘Mitosis and Nuclear Structure’ was held at Wiston House, West Sussex in June 2013. It provided a unique and timely opportunity for leading experts from different fields to discuss not only their own work but also its broader context. Here we present the proceedings of this meeting and several major themes that emerged from the crosstalk between the two, as it turns out, not so disparate fields of mitosis and nuclear structure. Co-chaired by Katherine Wilson (Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD), Timothy Mitchison (Harvard University, Cambridge, MA) and Michael Rout (Rockefeller University, New York, NY), this workshop brought together a small group of scientists from a range of disciplines to discuss recent advances and connections between the areas of mitosis and nuclear structure research. Several early-career researchers (students, postdoctoral researchers, junior faculty) participated along with 20 senior scientists, including the venerable and affable Nobel Laureate Tim Hunt. Participants were encouraged to embrace unconventional thinking in the ‘scientific sandbox’ created by this unusual combination of researchers in the inspiring, isolated setting of the 16th-century Wiston House.
A Novel High Performance Nanoscaled Dual Oxide Doping Less Tunnel Field Effect Transistor

In this paper, we propose a new structure of double gate dual oxide doping less tunnel field effect transistor (DG-DO-DL-TFET). The concept of charge plasma is used to realize source and drain regions in the proposed device. A 2D simulation study of the proposed device has been performed and the performance has been compared with a conventional double gate dopingless TFET (DG-DL-TFET). The simulation study has shown a significant improvement in ON current, ION/IOFF ratio and in average subthreshold slope (SSav). It has been observed that ~185% increase in ION/IOFF ratio and 6.14 times enhancement in ION has been achieved in the proposed DG-DO-DL-TFET device in comparison to conventional DG-DL-TFET device. Further, a 30% improvement in SSav is achieved in the proposed device in comparison to conventional device. The small signal ac analysis has shown that the cutoff frequency of proposed device (42.5GHz) has increased by 5.3 times in comparison to conventional device (≈8 GHz). Furthermore, since source and drain regions are not realized by conventional ways of ion implantation or diffusion, therefore, both the devices are free from random dopant fluctuations and can be processed at low
Związki deklarowanej aktywności i sprawności fizycznej z samooceną dobrostanu psychicznego u maturzystów

Physical activity is a part of a healthy lifestyle and determinant of physical fitness, which certainly affects the quality of life. Objective: A study of self-esteem among pupils – young people aged 18-19 – concerning their declared activity, physical fitness, level of well-being and self-satisfaction, and to show relations between the above features. and methods: The research was conducted among a group of 1,544 pupils (final grades) attending 21 post-secondary schools. The method of diagnostic sounding was used for the research, an anonymous auditorium survey was the technique used. The majority of researched pupils considered themselves as happy and declared well-being every day as fine . Schoolboys – more than schoolgirls – participated in leisure-time physical activity, and also in the group of schoolboys there was a strong relationship between the above activity and better well-being, and perception of themselves as happy people. The researched pupils mostly estimated their physical fitness positively. Boys, compared to girls, were characterized by their higher level of self-esteem. Self-esteem regarding the level of physical fitness correlated positively with everyday well-being, defining themselves as happy people.
Telosome, a Mammalian Telomere-associated Complex Formed by Multiple Telomeric Proteins*

In mammalian cells, telomere-binding proteins TRF1 and TRF2 play crucial roles in telomere biology. They interact with several other telomere regulators including TIN2, PTOP, POT1, and RAP1 to ensure proper maintenance of telomeres. TRF1 and TRF2 are believed to exert distinct functions. TRF1 forms a complex with TIN2, PTOP, and POT1 and regulates telomere length, whereas TRF2 mediates t-loop formation and end protection. However, whether cross-talk occurs between the TRF1 and TRF2 complexes and how the signals from these complexes are integrated for telomere maintenance remain to be elucidated. Through gel filtration and co-immunoprecipitation experiments, we found that TRF1 and TRF2 are in fact subunits of a telomere-associated high molecular weight complex (telosome) that also contains POT1, PTOP, RAP1, and TIN2. We demonstrated that the TRF1-interacting protein TIN2 binds TRF2 directly and in vivo, thereby bridging TRF2 to TRF1. Consistent with this multi-protein telosome model, stripping TRF1 off the telomeres by expressing tankyrase reduced telomere recruitment of not only TIN2 but also TRF2. These results help to unify previous observations and suggest that telomere maintenance depends on the multi-subunit telosome.
English and Englishness: a cultural history of English studies in British higher education, 1880-1980

It is argued in this thesis that, contrary to much previous work on the subject, the history of English Studies in higher education is not best understood in terms of the emergence of a mature form of academic activity which has since continued to develop through time on the basis of the unity of its object (lq`English literature') and of its mode of study (lq`literary criticism'). Instead, this history examines the conditions which allowed the initial emergence, specification and delimitation of the new academic discipline of `English Language and Literature', and the sequence of subsequent institutional and discursive modifications and transformations which brought about substantial alterations to the field of study. Through a series of case studies of the English Association, the Newbolt Report, the Review of English Studies, and of the diverse tendencies which have characterised the discipline since the nineteen-forties, it is argued that `English Studies' must be analysed as an entity not having any single or consistent fixed centre. It is further shown that within the variable discursive and institutional articulations which have characterised English Studies as a field of activity, account must be taken of a much wider range of objects and relations than can be encompassed within `literature' and `criticism'; in fact, the discipline is shown to have been just as concerned with, for example, approved modes of communication, and Englishness. The thesis examines the specific historical conditions under which such objects and issues were brought into mutual relation through the establishment of full academic disciplinary status, the installation of an integrated career structure and professional norms, and the development of a distinctive documentary field, set of professional associations, range of pedagogic activities, and mechanism for the selection of students.
Club tennis: a case study in taking leisure very seriously.

Tennis is examined as a recreational activity conducted within the context of a social system, in this case a tennis club. Participant observation revealed that this “leisure sport” was in fact highly work-like—the pursuit of athletic status being structured by a system of “implicit-tournament” norms defining where, when, and with whom one played—a predictable side effect of the dominant U.S. culture, with its economic ideology of laissez-faire capitalism and blurred distinction between work and play.
A non-contiguous Tree Sequence Alignment-based Model for Statistical Machine Translation

The tree sequence based translation model allows the violation of syntactic boundaries in a rule to capture non-syntactic phrases, where a tree sequence is a contiguous sequence of subtrees. This paper goes further to present a translation model based on non-contiguous tree sequence alignment, where a non-contiguous tree sequence is a sequence of sub-trees and gaps. Compared with the contiguous tree sequence-based model, the proposed model can well handle non-contiguous phrases with any large gaps by means of non-contiguous tree sequence alignment. An algorithm targeting the noncontiguous constituent decoding is also proposed. Experimental results on the NIST MT-05 Chinese-English translation task show that the proposed model statistically significantly outperforms the baseline systems.
Wilms’ tumor: past, present and (possibly) future

Wilms’ tumor is one of the successes of pediatric oncology, with an overall cure rate of over 85%, using relatively simple therapies. This excellent outcome has been the result of collaborative efforts among surgeons, pediatricians, pathologists and radiation oncologists. The results that have been achieved in children with Wilms’ tumors support the strong value of the multidisciplinary team approach to cancer. The two largest cooperative groups that have studied the optimum treatment for Wilms’ tumor are the National Wilms’ Tumor Study group in North America and the International Society of Pediatric Oncology, involving European and other countries. The National Wilms’ Tumor Study group recommends primary surgery before any adjuvant treatment, whereas the International Society of Pediatric Oncology trials are based on the use of preoperative chemotherapy. The debate on primary chemotherapy versus primary nephrectomy appears to have been overcome, in the sense that the advantages and disadvantages of these two diverse methods have emerged from large and well-performed clinical trials, and comparably low doses of anthracyclines and radiotherapy are now used. Challenges remain in identifying novel molecular, histological and clinical risk factors for stratification of treatment intensity. This could allow a safe reduction in therapy for patients known to have an excellent chance of cure with the current therapy, while identifying, at diagnosis, the minority of children at risk of relapse, who will necessitate more aggressive treatments. Another positive factor is the substantial progress that has been made in the cure for recurrent patients, with long-term survivals shifting from 30 to almost 60% in more recently treated patients with intensive-dose chemotherapy regimens. The combination of lower relapses and higher salvage rates translated into significantly improved overall survival for Wilms’ tumor patients as a whole. This review covers current concepts on treatment strategies for Wilms’ tumor, with an overview of the results and achievements of the important clinical trials.
A prospective study of egg consumption and risk of cardiovascular disease in men and women.

CONTEXT Reduction in egg consumption has been widely recommended to lower blood cholesterol levels and prevent coronary heart disease (CHD). Epidemiologic studies on egg consumption and risk of CHD are sparse. OBJECTIVE To examine the association between egg consumption and risk of CHD and stroke in men and women. DESIGN AND SETTING Two prospective cohort studies, the Health Professionals Follow-up Study (1986-1994) and the Nurses' Health Study (1980-1994). PARTICIPANTS A total of 37851 men aged 40 to 75 years at study outset and 80082 women aged 34 to 59 years at study outset, free of cardiovascular disease, diabetes, hypercholesterolemia, or cancer. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Incident nonfatal myocardial infarction, fatal CHD, and stroke corresponding to daily egg consumption as determined by a food-frequency questionnaire. RESULTS We documented 866 incident cases of CHD and 258 incident cases of stroke in men during 8 years of follow-up and 939 incident cases of CHD and 563 incident cases of stroke in women during 14 years of follow-up. After adjustment for age, smoking, and other potential CHD risk factors, we found no evidence of an overall significant association between egg consumption and risk of CHD or stroke in either men or women. The relative risks (RRs) of CHD across categories of intake were less than 1 per week (1.0), 1 per week (1.06), 2 to 4 per week (1.12), 5 to 6 per week (0.90), and > or =1 per day (1.08) (P for trend = .75) for men; and less than 1 per week (1.0), 1 per week (0.82), 2 to 4 per week (0.99), 5 to 6 per week (0.95), and > or =1 per day (0.82) (P for trend = .95) for women. In subgroup analyses, higher egg consumption appeared to be associated with increased risk of CHD only among diabetic subjects (RR of CHD comparing more than 1 egg per day with less than 1 egg per week among diabetic men, 2.02 [95% confidence interval, 1.05-3.87; P for trend = .04], and among diabetic women, 1.49 [0.88-2.52; P for trend = .008]). CONCLUSIONS These findings suggest that consumption of up to 1 egg per day is unlikely to have substantial overall impact on the risk of CHD or stroke among healthy men and women. The apparent increased risk of CHD associated with higher egg consumption among diabetic participants warrants further research.
On the Interplay Between Morphological, Neural, and Environmental Dynamics: A Robotic Case Study

The robust and adaptive behavior exhibited by natural organisms is the result of a complex interaction between various plastic mechanisms acting at different time scales. So far, researchers have concentrated on one or another of these mechanisms, but little has been done toward integrating them into a unified framework and studying the result of their interplay in a real-world environment. In this article, we present experiments with a small humanoid robot that learns to swing. They illustrate that the exploitation of neural plasticity, entrainment to physical dynamics, and body growth (where each mechanism has a specific time scale) leads to a more efficient exploration of the sensorimotor space and eventually to a more adaptive behavior. Such a result is consistent with observations in developmental psychology.
Evolution and emergence of Bordetella in humans [ Preprint ]

Two highly infectious bordettelae, B. pertussis and B. parapertussis, have emerged in historical times as codominant in human populations. Both of these cause acute disease ('whooping cough'), whereas their progenitor, B. bronchiseptica, is of variable virulence in a wide variety of animals. The remarkably close phylogenetic relatedness of these three bordetellae and the two independent jumps to humans provide a unique opportunity to examine the evolution and genetics involved in the emergence of acute human pathogens. We hypothesize that the more virulent strains in humans reflects how acutely infectious pathogens may be favored in communities with large contact networks. We furthermore suggest that the differential expression of the various virulence factors by the two human pathogens can be explained by immune-mediated competition between the strains. The evolutionarily favored strategies of both of the human bordettelae result in immunizing infections and acute epidemics.
The mitochondrial Na + / Ca 2 + exchanger plays a key role in the control of cytosolic Ca 2 + oscillations

There is increasing evidence that mitochondria play an important role in the control of cytosolic Ca2+ signaling. We show here that the main mitochondrial Ca2+-exit pathway, the mitochondrial Na+/Ca2+ exchanger, controls the pattern of cytosolic Ca2+ oscillations in none + 2+
Continuous and Discrete Transformations of a One-Dimensional Porous Medium Equation

We consider the one-dimensional porous medium equation ut =( u n ux) x + µ u n ux . W e derive point transformations of a general class that map this equation into itself or into equations of a similar class. In some cases this porous medium equation is connected with well known equations. With the introduction of a new dependent variable this partial differential equation can be equivalently written as a system of two equations. Point transformations are also sought for this auxiliary system. It turns out that in addition to the continuous point transformations that may be derived by Lie’s method, a number of discrete transformations are obtained. In some cases the point transformations which are presented here for the single equation and for the auxiliary system form cyclic groups of finite order.
An ultrasonogram reporting system for thyroid nodules stratifying cancer risk for clinical management.

CONTEXT There is a high prevalence of thyroid nodules on ultrasonographic (US) examination. However, most of them are benign. US criteria may help to decide cost-effective management. OBJECTIVE Our objective was to develop a standardized US characterization and reporting data system of thyroid lesions for clinical management: the Thyroid Imaging Reporting and Data System (TIRADS). DESIGN This was a prospective study using the TIRADS, which is based on the concepts of the Breast Imaging Reporting Data System of the American College of Radiology. MATERIALS A correlation of the US findings and fine needle aspiration biopsy (FNAB) results in 1959 lesions biopsied under US guidance and studied histologically during an 8-yr period was divided into three stages. In the first stage, 10 US patterns were defined. In the second stage, four TIRADS groups were defined according to risk. The percentages of malignancy defined in the Breast Imaging Reporting and Data System were followed: TIRADS 2 (0% malignancy), TIRADS 3 (<5% malignancy), TIRADS 4 (5-80% malignancy), and TIRADS 5 (>80% malignancy). RESULTS The TIRADS classification was evaluated at the third stage of the study in a sample of 1097 nodules (benign: 703; follicular lesions: 238; and carcinoma: 156). Sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, negative predictive value, and accuracy were 88, 49, 49, 88, and 94%, respectively. The ratio of benign to malignant or follicular FNAB results currently is 1.8. CONCLUSIONS The TIRADS has allowed us to improve patient management and cost-effectiveness, avoiding unnecessary FNAB. In addition, we have established standard codes to be used both for radiologists and endocrinologists.
Nature's Music: The Science of Birdsong

Science and birdsong: the good old days Vocal fighting and flirting: the functions of birdsong Learning to sing The diversity and plasticity of birdsong Bird calls: a cornucopia for communication Singing in the wild: the ecology of birdsong Audition: can birds hear everything they sing? Brains and birdsong How birds sing and why it matters Birdsong and evolution Performance limits on birdsong Birdsong and conservation Grey parrots: learning and using speech Singing, socializing, and the music effect
Generating materialized views using ant based approaches and information retrieval technologies

In this paper, a hybrid system combining ant based approaches and tabu search has been designed for the generation of materialized views in a relational data warehouse environment with the purpose of improving the queries performance. Two ACO algorithms were adapted for the views generation problem to take up the scalability challenge and information retrieval technologies are used in the search process. In addition, our approach manages dynamically the storage to include the best views determined by the bio-inspired approach. Experiments have been conducted to validate the designed algorithms and interesting performance is observed when comparing it with those of the previous related works.
Environmental Concerns With Liquid-Crystal-Based Printed Reflectarrays in Space

This letter documents testing done with radio frequency (RF) materials considered for liquid crystal (LC) reflectarray elements for potential space applications. It includes studies of the impact of space-simulated environmental conditions. Testing focused on thermal vacuum, electron and X-ray radiation, and surface charging. Tests were performed on individual candidate materials and on a final assembled LC RF element. This letter summarizes the findings of tests performed to identify design obstacles to the transition of printed LC RF elements for space applications.
DNA Methylation Profiles of the Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor (BDNF) Gene as a Potent Diagnostic Biomarker in Major Depression

Major depression, because of its recurring and life-threatening nature, is one of the top 10 diseases for global disease burden. Major depression is still diagnosed on the basis of clinical symptoms in patients. The search for specific biological markers is of great importance to advance the method of diagnosis for depression. We examined the methylation profile of 2 CpG islands (I and IV) at the promoters of the brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) gene, which is well known to be involved in the pathophysiology of depression. We analyzed genomic DNA from peripheral blood of 20 Japanese patients with major depression and 18 healthy controls to identify an appropriate epigenetic biomarker to aid in the establishment of an objective system for the diagnosis of depression. Methylation rates at each CpG unit was measured using a MassArray® system (SEQUENOM), and 2-dimensional hierarchical clustering analyses were undertaken to determine the validity of these methylation profiles as a diagnostic biomarker. Analyses of the dendrogram from methylation profiles of CpG I, but not IV, demonstrated that classification of healthy controls and patients at the first branch completely matched the clinical diagnosis. Despite the small number of subjects, our results indicate that classification based on the DNA methylation profiles of CpG I of the BDNF gene may be a valuable diagnostic biomarker for major depression.
ParseCNV integrative copy number variation association software with quality tracking

A number of copy number variation (CNV) calling algorithms exist; however, comprehensive software tools for CNV association studies are lacking. We describe ParseCNV, unique software that takes CNV calls and creates probe-based statistics for CNV occurrence in both case–control design and in family based studies addressing both de novo and inheritance events, which are then summarized based on CNV regions (CNVRs). CNVRs are defined in a dynamic manner to allow for a complex CNV overlap while maintaining precise association region. Using this approach, we avoid failure to converge and non-monotonic curve fitting weaknesses of programs, such as CNVtools and CNVassoc, and although Plink is easy to use, it only provides combined CNV state probe-based statistics, not state-specific CNVRs. Existing CNV association methods do not provide any quality tracking information to filter confident associations, a key issue which is fully addressed by ParseCNV. In addition, uncertainty in CNV calls underlying CNV associations is evaluated to verify significant results, including CNV overlap profiles, genomic context, number of probes supporting the CNV and single-probe intensities. When optimal quality control parameters are followed using ParseCNV, 90% of CNVs validate by polymerase chain reaction, an often problematic stage because of inadequate significant association review. ParseCNV is freely available at http://parsecnv.sourceforge. net.