Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The lacrimal system.

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CONFIGURING VALUE FOR COMPETITIVE ADVANTAGE: ON CHAINS, SHOPS, AND NETWORKS

Building on Thompson’s (1967) typology of long-linked, intensive, and mediating technologies, this paper explores the idea that the value chain, the value shop, and the value network are three distinct generic value configuration models required to understand and analyze firm-level value creation logic across a broad range of industries and firms. While the long-linked technology delivers value by transforming inputs into products, the intensive technology delivers value by resolving unique customer problems, and the mediating technology delivers value by enabling direct and indirect exchanges between customers. With the identification of alternative value creation technologies, value chain analysis is both sharpened and generalized into what we propose as a value configuration analysis approach to the diagnosis of competitive advantage. With the long-linked technology and the corresponding value chain configuration model as benchmark, the paper reviews the distinctive logic and develops models of the value shop and the value network in terms of primary activity categories, drivers of cost and value, and strategic positioning options. © 1998 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
SEGEL: A Web Server for Visualization of Smoking Effects on Human Lung Gene Expression

Cigarette smoking is a major cause of death worldwide resulting in over six million deaths per year. Cigarette smoke contains complex mixtures of chemicals that are harmful to nearly all organs of the human body, especially the lungs. Cigarette smoking is considered the major risk factor for many lung diseases, particularly chronic obstructive pulmonary diseases (COPD) and lung cancer. However, the underlying molecular mechanisms of smoking-induced lung injury associated with these lung diseases still remain largely unknown. Expression microarray techniques have been widely applied to detect the effects of smoking on gene expression in different human cells in the lungs. These projects have provided a lot of useful information for researchers to understand the potential molecular mechanism(s) of smoke-induced pathogenesis. However, a user-friendly web server that would allow scientists to fast query these data sets and compare the smoking effects on gene expression across different cells had not yet been established. For that reason, we have integrated eight public expression microarray data sets from trachea epithelial cells, large airway epithelial cells, small airway epithelial cells, and alveolar macrophage into an online web server called SEGEL (Smoking Effects on Gene Expression of Lung). Users can query gene expression patterns across these cells from smokers and nonsmokers by gene symbols, and find the effects of smoking on the gene expression of lungs from this web server. Sex difference in response to smoking is also shown. The relationship between the gene expression and cigarette smoking consumption were calculated and are shown in the server. The current version of SEGEL web server contains 42,400 annotated gene probe sets represented on the Affymetrix Human Genome U133 Plus 2.0 platform. SEGEL will be an invaluable resource for researchers interested in the effects of smoking on gene expression in the lungs. The server also provides useful information for drug development against smoking-related diseases. The SEGEL web server is available online at http://www.chengfeng. info/smoking_database. html.
Potential of somatic cell concentration in milk as a sire selection criterion to reduce mastitis in dairy cattle.

Lactation records for somatic cell counts in milk, bacteriological culture results, antibiotic treatment for mastitis, and production were formed for cows in 30 cooperating dairy herds in Virginia. A second data set, including somatic cell counts and production information for cows in approximately 400 herds in Virginia (not including the original 30), was used to evaluate sires genetically for somatic cell count. Approximate genetic correlations between measures of cell count and measures of infection ranged from . 36 to . 67. These were highest (lowest) for frequency of infection by major (minor) pathogens. Corresponding phenotypic correlations were similar but slightly smaller. Neither somatic cell counts nor measures of infection were well correlated with treatment. Production traits generally had small, negative genetic and phenotypic relationships with cell counts, rates of infection, and measures of treatment. Correlations for evaluations of sires for cell count were positive with daughter averages for infection rates (.20 to .38) and treatment measures (.02 to .13). Largest (absolute value) correlations between evaluations of sires for cell count and production traits were for fat percentage (-.38) and fat yield (-.28). Evaluation and selection of sires for decreased somatic cell count may augment management and treatment programs in the reduction of mastitis incidence.
Using an extended Technology Acceptance Model in exploring antecedents to adopting fantasy sports league websites

This research examines antecedents to consumer adoption of a popular form of online entertainment - fantasy sports leagues. Employing Davis' (1989) Technology Acceptance Model as a theoretical framework, the study found that attitude toward the televised sport (American professional football), perceived ease of using in relation to fantasy sports websites, perceived knowledge of the sport and subjective norms all played a role in explaining participants' attitudes and behavioural intentions towards playing fantasy football.
Perspectives of MediGRID

Sustainability is a top priority for nearly all grid communities. The German grid communities in the area of life sciences are continuing their dissemination efforts in order to bring the grid to scientists. With cloud computing another concept for distributed IT infrastructures is on the rise. In this regard the grid has a different focus and matches better with life science compute power demands. A comparison of both grid and cloud in addition to the background and present status of the German life science grid give a contemporary impression of the future perspectives of MediGRID.
A Time-Domain Sub-Micro Watt Temperature Sensor With Digital Set-Point Programming

To realize the on-chip temperature monitoring of VLSI circuits, an accurate time-domain low-power CMOS thermostat based on delay lines is proposed. Contrary to the voltage-domain predecessors, the proposed circuit can benefit from the performance enhancement due to the scaling down of fabrication processes. By replacing R-string voltage division and voltage comparator with delay line time division and time comparator, only little static power is consumed. The power consumption and chip size can be reduced substantially. Without any bipolar transistor, the temperature sensor composed of a delay line is utilized to generate the delay time proportional to the measured temperature. Instead of a conventional voltage/current DAC or an external resistor, a succeeding multiplexer (MUX) along with a reference delay line is used to program the set-point. The test chips with mixed-mode design were fabricated in a TSMC CMOS 0.35-mum 2P4M digital process. The chip area is merely 0.4 mm2. The effective resolution is around 0.5degC with a 256-to-1 multiplexer and -40degC ~ 80degC nominal temperature range. The achieved measurement error is within plusmn0.8degC for a total of 20 packaged chips over the temperature operation range of commercial ICs. The power consumption is 0.45 muW per conversion and a measurement rate as high as 1 MHz is feasible when necessary.
Representative Excerpts Extraction from Music

In this paper, we present methods for automatically producing representative excerpts of music. We maximize the segment similarity to the entire work to find the most similar excerpt, and maximize the segment novelty score to find the most meaningful excerpt, and combine the two measures to find the most representative excerpt. We discuss variations on the method, and present experimental results. These results demonstrate that the method can find significantly representative excerpts, just using very few assumptions about the source music
Language Attitudes and Identities in Multilingual China: A Linguistic Ethnography

Part I. Introduction: Sociocultural and Sociolinguistic Backgrounds. - 1. Dialect Issues in Multilingual China: A Dog that has Barked. - 2. The Polictics and Sociolinguistics of Chinese Dialects. - Part II. Conceptual and Methodological Frameworks. - 3. Researching Language Attitudes in Multilingual China. - Part III. Becoming Members of a Multidialectal City. - 4. "Mother Tongues" of a Multidialectal City. - 5. Language Socialisation in Multidialectal Households: A Case Study. - 6. Translanguaging Practices in Multidialectal Groups. - Part IV. Putonghua and Regional Dialects at School. - 7. Language Socialisation in Educational Institutions. - 8. Teachers' Attitude Towards Dialects in School. - Part V. Discussion and Reflection. - 9. Problematizing the Monolingual Norm in a Multidialectal City. - 10. Schools in the Era of Multilingualism. - 11. Language Attitudes in Heteroglossia: Methodological Reflections. - Appendix one: The Students' Profiles. - Appendix two: The Schools and the Teachers' Profiles. - Index
Electron microscopy study of contact layers in n-type 4H-SiC after diffusion welding

In the present work the results of transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and electron diffraction investigations of subcontact layers in n0-n- 4H-SiC epistructure after diffusion welding (DW) are given. TEM examinations show that at the boundary between aluminium and silicon carbide the interface layer of ~ 25 nm thickness exists and this layer is of strip character. The image of contact area obtained in diffracted SiC rays (dark field) apparently confirms that stripy zone belongs to silicon carbide. Diffraction picture obtained from bulk zone of silicon carbide looks like monocrystalline, but the pattern obtained from the subcontact layer (stripy zone) gives the evidence of existence of small-grained phase. Deciphering of this electron-diffraction pattern reveals the presence of such elements as residue SiC, Al, Si, and inclusions of graphite.
Prevalence and clinical importance of alternative causes of symptoms using a renal colic computed tomography protocol in patients with flank or back pain and absence of pyuria.

OBJECTIVES The study was undertaken to determine the prevalence and clinical importance of alternative causes of symptoms discovered in patients undergoing flank pain protocol (FPP) computed tomography (CT) scans in patients with classic symptoms of kidney stone (flank pain, back pain, or both) without evidence of urine infection. METHODS This was a retrospective observational analysis of all adult patients undergoing FPP CT scans at two emergency departments (EDs) between April 2005 and November 2010. All CTs (N = 5,383) were reviewed and categorized as "no cause of symptoms seen on CT," "ureteral stone as cause of symptoms," or "non-kidney stone cause of symptoms. " Non-kidney stone scans were further categorized as "acutely important," "follow-up recommended," or "unimportant cause," based on a priori diagnostic classifications. All nonstone causes of pain and a random subset of subjects (n = 1,843; 34%) underwent full record review blinded to CT categorization to determine demographics, whether flank and/or back pain was present, and whether there was objective evidence of pyuria. RESULTS Of all FPP CT scans during the study period, a ureteral stone was found to cause symptoms in 47.7% of CTs, with no cause of symptoms found in 43.3% of CTs. A non-kidney stone diagnosis was found in 9.0% of all CTs, with 6.1% being categorized as "acutely important," 2.2% as "follow-up recommended," and 0.65% with symptoms from an "unimportant cause. " In the randomly selected subset undergoing full record review, categorizations were similar, with 49.0% of CTs showing kidney stone as cause of pain and 9.0% a non-kidney stone cause (5.9% "acutely important"). When subjects with evidence of urine infection or without flank or back pain were excluded, ureteral stone was identified as the cause of pain in 54.9% of CTs, while non-kidney stone cause of symptoms was found in 5.4% of scans and acutely important alternate causes in 2.8% of scans. CONCLUSIONS While a non-kidney stone cause for a patient's symptoms are found in nearly 10% of CTs done using a FPP, acutely important findings occur in less than 3% of scans done in patients with flank or back pain and absence of pyuria.
Clinical manifestations of invasive pneumococcal disease by vaccine and non-vaccine types

Pneumococcal conjugated vaccines (PCVs) have shown protection against invasive pneumococcal disease by vaccine serotypes, but an increase in non-vaccine serotype disease has been observed. Type-specific effects on clinical manifestation need to be explored. Clinical data from 2096 adults and 192 children with invasive pneumococcal disease were correlated to pneumococcal molecular serotypes. Invasive disease potential for pneumococcal serotypes were calculated using 165 invasive and 550 carriage isolates from children. The invasive disease potential was lower for non-PCV13 compared to vaccine-type strains. Patients infected with non-PCV13 strains had more underlying diseases, were less likely to have pneumonia and, in adults, tended to have a higher mortality. Furthermore, patients infected with pneumococci belonging to clonal serotypes only expressing non-PCV13 capsules had a higher risk for septicaemia and mortality. PCV vaccination will probably lead to a decrease in invasive pneumococcal disease but an alteration in the clinical manifestation of invasive pneumococcal disease. Genetic lineages causing invasive pneumococcal disease in adults often express non-vaccine serotypes, which can expand after vaccination with an increased risk of infection in patients with underlying diseases. Pneumococcal non-vaccine type strains cause severe disease, but with different spectrums of clinical manifestations http://ow.ly/ABYnz
Evaluation of the Humoral Immune Response to Human Leukocyte Antigens in Brazilian Renal Transplant Candidates

Pre-transplant sensitization to human leukocyte antigens (HLA) is a risk factor for graft failure. Studies of the immunological profile related to anti-HLA antibodies in Brazilian renal transplant candidates are few. In this study, we evaluated the humoral immune response to HLA antigens in 269 renal transplant candidates, in Paraná State, Brazil. The HLA typing was performed by the polymerase chain reaction sequence-specific oligonucleotide method (PCR-SSO) combined with Luminex technology, using an SSO-LABType commercial kit (One Lambda, Inc., Canoga Park, CA, USA). The percentages of panel-reactive antibodies (PRA) and the specificity of anti-HLA antibodies were determined using the LS1PRA and LS2PRA commercial kits (One Lambda, Inc.). The PRA-positive group consisted of 182 (67.7%) patients, and the PRA-negative group of 87 (32.3%) patients. The two groups differed significantly only with respect to gender. Females were the most sensitized. Among the 182 patients with PRA- positive, 62 (34.1%) were positive for class I and negative for class II, 39 (21.4%) were negative for class I and positive for class II, and 81 (44.5%) were positive for both classes I and II. The HLA-A*02, A*24, A*01, B*44, B*35, B*15, DRB1*11, DRB1*04 and DRB1*03 allele groups were the most frequent. The specificities of anti-HLA antibodies were more frequent: A34, B57, Cw15, Cw16, DR51, DQ8 and DP14. This study documented the profile of anti-HLA antibodies in patients with chronic renal failure who were on waiting lists for an organ in Paraná, and found high sensitization to HLA antigens in the samples.
Susceptibility to pattern glare and the effect of spectral filters on rate of reading and visual search in stroke patients

The present thesis investigates pattern glare susceptibility following stroke and the immediate and prolonged impact of prescribing optimal spectral filters on reading speed, accuracy and visual search performance. Principal observations: A case report has shown that visual stress can occur following stroke. The use of spectral filters and precision tinted lenses proved to be a successful intervention in this case, although the parameters required modification following a further stroke episode. Stroke subjects demonstrate elevated levels of pattern glare compared to normative data values and a control group. Initial use of an optimal spectral filter in a stroke cohort increased reading speed by ~6% and almost halved error scores, findings not replicated in a control group. With the removal of migraine subjects reading speed increased by ~8% with an optimal filter and error scores almost halved. Prolonged use of an optimal spectral filter for stroke subjects, increased reading speed by >9% and error scores more than halved. When the same subjects switched to prolonged use of a grey filter, reading speed reduced by ~4% and error scores increased marginally. When a second group of stroke subjects used a grey filter first, reading speed decreased by ~3% but increased by ~3% with prolonged use of an optimal filter, with error scores almost halving; these findings persisted with migraine subjects excluded. Initial use of an optimal spectral filter improved visual search response time but not error scores in a stroke cohort with migraine subjects excluded. Neither prolonged use of an optimal nor grey filter improved response time or reduced error scores in a stroke group; these findings persisted with the exclusion of migraine subjects.
Marine turtle reception of bone-conducted sound.

An individual each of the marine turtles, Caretta caretta and Lepidochelys kempi, were stimulated with audiofrequencies delivered directly to the skull. Startle responses were observed to underwater stimuli of . 25 and . 5 kc/s. Neural responses to underwater bone-conducted (bc) sound were recorded in another aquatic form, the snapping turtle, Chelydridae serpentina. The morphology of the neural response suggested the involvement of the auditory system in bc responsivity. Bc hearing appears to be a reception mechanism for marine turtles with the skull and shell acting as receiving surfaces. Turtles are capable of receiving the low-frequency spectrum of the natal beach, which may serve as one of the cues in nesting returns.
A cost aware backup strategy in hybrid clouds

In this work, to provide fault tolerance for cloud storage, a hybrid clouds based backup model (HCBM) is designed for cloud providers. In HCBM, each cloud provider is able to replicate data with lower cost by utilizing the virtual resource from other clouds. In order to minimize the DR cost at the same to guarantee the data protection, a novel discrete differential evolution based backup strategy (DDEBS) is proposed to tackle such an optimization problem. The feasibility and efficiency of this method are verified by comparing with some other replication strategies.
Techniques for securing multimedia content in consumer electronic appliances using biometric signatures

A system is described for CE appliances which employs a biometrically auditable public key infrastructure for securing multimedia content (BAPTISM). It is based on biometrically generated key-pairs and is designed to protect the fair use rights of end-users. By taking advantage of low-cost fingerprint scanners the system can be readily incorporated into networked handheld and CE appliances.
Speed of response and associative errors in schizophrenia.

Two groups of schizophrenics, acutes and chronics, were administered a card-sorting test giving a measure of associative errors; measures of retardation and psychiatric ratings were also obtained. By manipulating response speed it was possible to change the number of associative errors made by both groups. The number of associative errors made in the unpaced condition was unrelated to measures of retardation for the group as a whole. However, when age and intelligence were covaried out there was a significant negative correlation between the number of associative errors and the time taken to complete the sorting task. Differences between the acute and chronic groups seemed largely explicable in terms of differing age and intelligence. Retesting most of the acute patients after three months indicated considerable stability in the number of associative errors made. The results are discussed in terms of a two stage model of schizophrenia, an initial psychological deficit and a secondary adaptation to this hypothesized deficit, leading to retardation.
EMSICC-based compact array antenna having switchable frequency beam-scanning range in microstrip environment

In this paper, an eighth-mode substrate integrated circular cavity (EMSICC) based beam scanning array antenna having reconfigurable frequency band using PIN diodes is realized at X-band. A single annular complementary split ring resonator (CSRR) is introduced in ground plane of EMSICC and by rotating the ring, a shift of resonant frequency is obtained. Further, to implement the rotation, PIN diodes are incorporated at two positions and depending upon the switching states of these PIN diodes, a frequency-reconfigurable unit cell is designed. Finally, a beam scanning array antenna is designed utilizing that unit cell with reconfigurable frequency band. The band can be shifted by switching the diodes maintaining the scanning range of 36°.
Distribution of SUN, OVATE, LC, and FAS in the Tomato Germplasm and the Relationship to Fruit Shape Diversity1[C][W][OA]

Phenotypic diversity within cultivated tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) is particularly evident for fruit shape and size. Four genes that control tomato fruit shape have been cloned. SUN and OVATE control elongated shape whereas FASCIATED (FAS) and LOCULE NUMBER (LC) control fruit locule number and flat shape. We investigated the distribution of the fruit shape alleles in the tomato germplasm and evaluated their contribution to morphology in a diverse collection of 368 predominantly tomato and tomato var. cerasiforme accessions. Fruits were visually classified into eight shape categories that were supported by objective measurements obtained from image analysis using the Tomato Analyzer software. The allele distribution of SUN, OVATE, LC, and FAS in all accessions was strongly associated with fruit shape classification. We also genotyped 116 representative accessions with additional 25 markers distributed evenly across the genome. Through a model-based clustering we demonstrated that shape categories, germplasm classes, and the shape genes were nonrandomly distributed among five genetic clusters (P < 0.001), implying that selection for fruit shape genes was critical to subpopulation differentiation within cultivated tomato. Our data suggested that the LC, FAS, and SUN mutations arose in the same ancestral population while the OVATE mutation arose in a separate lineage. Furthermore, LC, OVATE, and FAS mutations may have arisen prior to domestication or early during the selection of cultivated tomato whereas the SUN mutation appeared to be a postdomestication event arising in Europe.