Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Identities in Online Communities: A Young Woman's Critique of Cyberculture

Cyberculture has been more celebrated as establishing sites of possibilities than critiqued as a source of limitations for identity representation. Few researchers have explored through in situ interviews and their own online participation how electronic forums may actually prevent young women's representations of themselves in cyberspace. Hence, this inquiry was conducted to answer the question of how cyberculture might impede a young woman's ability to position herself socially in virtual communities. This query was addressed by a case study of a young woman as she navigated cybersites for identity representation in cybercommunities. Through interviews and examinations of the archives of popular cybersites, this article illustrates how sexists, misogynists and trolls marginalized females' participation in cyberculture through rhetorical strategies and graphic representations. Findings from this study provide insight into the kinds of social interactions in online spaces that may influence females' academic participation in both offline and online spaces, and offer implications for shifting gendered power relations.
Temporal summation in the European starling (Sturnus vulgaris).

Temporal summation was studied in the European starling (Sturnus vulgaris) by using operant conditioning and the psychophysical method of constant stimuli. Auditory thresholds in quiet were determined for tones of 500, 1000, 2000 and 4000 Hz with durations of between 30 and 2000 ms, and temporal-summation functions were generated from the threshold data. Temporal summation is discussed with respect to comparative data from other vertebrates and the possible neurophysiological mechanisms
USING THE EMPIRICAL LITERATURE TO GUIDE THE DEVELOPMENT OF PARENTING PLANS FOR YOUNG CHILDREN

Most infants form attachments to both of their parents at roughly the same age. These relationships are consolidated by continued interactions, ideally in a broad array of contexts, whether or not the parents live together. The mechanisms underlying the formation and consolidation of relationships with both parents appear to be similar, although most infants establish preferential relationship with the persons who take major responsibility for their care. When parents separate, children often experience distress, and their adjustment is adversely affected when the relationship with one of their parents is severed. This can be avoided by developing parenting plans that continue to ensure that children have regular interaction with both parents in a broad array of contexts. Overnight periods provide opportunities for many important interactions.
A combination of image retrieval and compression

An embedded content-based image retrieval algorithm is proposed in this paper, which involves extracting texture features from JPEG-LS, the latest JPEG lossless image compression standard. Considering the fact that prediction in JPEG-LS is conducted in a template of four surrounding pixels and local texture is analysed during the process of detecting edges before the predictive value is produced, a number of states specifying the feature of local texture is extracted to form a histogram as one of the keys to index each image at the population stage. Apart from the advantage that compression is embedded inside the indexing and retrieval, experiments on a database of 2715 images with variety of content and sizes also show that, compared with the existing texture-based techniques, the proposed provides a better performance in terms of psyco-physical test on those retrieved images.
Lithospheric cooling trends and deviations in oceanic PP‐P and SS‐S differential traveltimes

The thermal and compositional structure of oceanic lithosphere, which exerts an important control on plate behavior, is still debated. Our set of 60,000 PP‐P and SS‐S traveltime differences with oceanic PP and SS bounce points provides a good constraint on both compressional‐ and shear‐wave velocity. By calculating traveltimes for thermal models that are converted to seismic structures with a thermodynamic approach, we test whether lithospheric cooling can explain PP‐P and SS‐S traveltime variations with plate age. The PP‐P and SS‐S traveltimes have substantial scatter but, on average, decrease by 0.2 and 0.7 s/Myr½, respectively, when the PP and SS waves reflect off progressively older oceanic crust. Both a half‐space and a plate cooling model with a mid‐ocean ridge basalt‐source mantle potential temperature (1315° ± 50°C) explain the average values of the PP‐P and SS‐S anomalies and their decrease with plate age. Residual PP‐P and SS‐S anomalies relative to a cooling model reveal large‐scale patterns. Along a few paths (e.g., Tonga–Fiji to western North America), seismic heterogeneity in the deep mantle is responsible for a significant fraction of the PP‐P and SS‐S traveltime variation. Most anomalies probably correspond to broad temperature variations in the upper mantle, such as a very slow central–northern Pacific (which may require a 100°C excess temperature) and high‐ and low‐velocity anomalies along the ridges that correlate with deep and shallow bathymetry, respectively.
A Developmental Psychopathology and Neurobiological Model of Borderline Personality Disorder in Adolescence

The antecedents and risk factors and for developing borderline personality disorder (BPD) are now well documented, but there is a paucity of developmental models to understand the key processes through which they impact on the development of BPD in adolescents. In this article, we present a developmental psychopathology model of BPD in adolescence and link the difficulties adolescents with BPD have with impulsivity and self regulation, with risk factors such as genetic vulnerability, parenting and trauma. We propose a number of psychological processes through which these risk factors undermine personal and interpersonal functioning, and makes it particularly difficult to engage with the challenges of adolescence. These key psychological processes undermine the integration of the self, with extreme unintegrated affects and extreme representations of self and others, undermining the capacity to mentalize. We then make links to possible neurobiological underpinnings of the disturbances in affect, Theory of Mind and interpersonal difficulties in adolescents with BPD.
Motion Dependence of Impedance Perception Ability in Human Movements

The present paper investigates the motion dependence of human impedance perception ability, especially in the stiffness perception through experiments. Experimental results demonstrate that the desirable hand displacement changes according to the robot stiffness, and that the deep somatic sensation has an important role in the stiffness perception. A preliminary training test is conducted for directing to apply the experimental findings into the development of an effective impedance perception training system based on cognitive therapeutic exercise. KeywordsCognitive therapeutic exercise, deep somatesthesia, human impedance perception
Effect of price responsive demand on the operation of microgrids

In this paper, a demand elasticity model is developed and tested for the dispatch of microgrids. The price obtained from dispatching the network in a base-case scenario is used as input to a demand elasticity model; this demand model is then used to determine the price-responsive demand for the next iteration, assuming that the load schedule is defined a day ahead. Using this scheme, trends for demand, hourly prices, and total operation costs for a microgrid can be obtained, to study the impact of demand response on unit commitment. This way, for a microgrid, the effect on the scheduling of diesel generators and energy storage systems can be analyzed with respect to price-elastic loads. The results for a benchmark microgrid show that the proposed 24-hour model eventually converges to a steady state, with prices and costs at their lowest values for different scenarios. Moreover, it is confirmed that elastic demand in a microgrid reduces electricity price variability and mitigates the need for storage in the presence of high penetration of renewable energy.
Biological foundations of “specific developmental disorders”;: Methods, findings and future directions

Common among childhood disorders are those that involve relatively specific deficits in attention, activity level, learning, language, or perceptual‐motor functions. These disorders, referred to in this paper as specific developmental disorders (SDD), are of ten presumed to have a biological‐genetic basis. However, the actual grounds for this presumption are frequently taken for granted. The present paper critically examined the evidence favoring the biological hypothesis in order to evaluate this presumption. This review of the several sources of supportive evidence—including sex and familial biases, pre‐ and perinatal complications, minor physical anomalies, medication response, and infrabehavioral signs—suggests that the presumption of biological antecedents to SDD is warranted. However, it is important to recognize that this presumption represents only a hypothesis, and that careful scrutiny of the methods on which supportive evidence is based reveals a number of common shortcomings. Due to these shor.
Short consensus repeat-3 domain of recombinant decay-accelerating factor is recognized by Escherichia coli recombinant Dr adhesin in a model of a cell-cell interaction

A bacterial pathogen that is important in both urinary tract and intestinal infections is Escherichia coli which expresses Dr or related adhesins. In this report, we present a model for testing cell-cell interaction, using both molecularly characterized laboratory cells that express recombinant molecules of human decay-accelerating factor (DAF), and recombinant bacterial Dr colonization factors. Dr adhesin ligand was identified as DAF (CD55), a membrane protein that protects autologous tissues from damage due to the complement system. Structure- function studies mapped the adhesin-binding site on the DAF molecule. A single-point substitution in the third short consensus repeat domain, Ser165 to Leu, corresponding to the Dra to Drb allelic polymorphism, caused complete abolition of adhesin binding to DAF.
The sociobiologyof bio ¢ lms

Biofilms are densely packed communities of microbial cells that grow on surfaces and surround themselves with secreted polymers. Many bacterial species form biofilms, and their study has revealed them to be complex and diverse. The structural and physiological complexity of biofilms has led to the idea that they are coordinated and cooperative groups, analogous to multicellular organisms. We evaluate this idea by addressing the findings of microbiologists from the perspective of sociobiology, including theories of collective behavior (self-organization) and social evolution. This yields two main conclusions. First, the appearance of organization in biofilms can emerge without active coordination. That is, biofilm properties such as phenotypic differentiation, species stratification and channel formation do not necessarily require that cells communicate with one another using specialized signaling molecules. Second, while local cooperation among bacteria may often occur, the evolution of cooperation among all cells is unlikely for most biofilms. Strong conflict can arise among multiple species and strains in a biofilm, and spontaneous mutation can generate conflict even within biofilms initiated by genetically identical cells. Biofilms will typically result from a balance between competition and cooperation, and we argue that understanding this balance is central to building a complete and predictive model of biofilm formation.
The role of ERK in phasic and tonic contractile responses in rat femoral arteries after hindlimb unloading

The present study tested the hypothesis that the role of ERK in phasic and tonic contractile responses is declined by hindlimb unloading (HU) in rat femoral arteries. Male Wistar rats were randomised into HU and control group (n=7). After 14d, the femoral arteries were isolated and cut into 3-mm ring segments. In the absence or presence of PD98059(MEK inhibitor), contractile response to NE(10muM) was measured in Krebs solution in a tissue bath at 37degC, isometric tension were recorded with Powerlab system. The area under curve (AUC), phasic and tonic contractile responses between two groups were compared. After 14d-HU, the AUC, phasic and tonic NE-induced contractile responses were declined compared with controls. PD98059 did not affect the AUC in arteries from HU, but significantly decreased the AUC in arteries from control (100plusmn7.1% vs. 61.18plusmn11.3%, P<0.05). In contrast to control, the inhibitory ratio of PD98059 was significantly lower in phasic (7.42plusmn3.24% vs. 33.59plusmn9.19%, P=0.0198) and tonic (26.93plusmn3.78% vs. 46.75plusmn5.67%, P=0.0131) contractile responses of HU group. Moreover, the inhibitory ratio of PD98059 wasn't significantly different between the phasic and tonic contractile responses in control group (P=0.2464). But for HU group, the difference was statistically significant (P=0.002). We demonstrated that the role of ERK was declined in both phasic and tonic contractile responses in rat femoral arteries after hindlimb unloading. Simulated microgravity induced by HU may attenuate the contractile responses of femoral arteries by inhibiting the role of ERK in thick and thin filament regulatory pathways
Modulación del reflejo de parpadeo mediante condicionamiento con imágenes aversivas como estímulos incondicionados

El proposito de esta investigacion consiste en demostrar la posibilidad de producir condicionamiento clasico, mediante la utilizacion de imagenes del «International Affective Picture System» (IAPS) como estimulos incondicionados (EIs). Para ello, un grupo de sujetos (grupo experimental) recibio 20 ensayos de asociacion de una figura circular, que actuaba como estimulo condicionado (EC), y una diapositiva del IAPS de valencia afectiva muy desagradable y alto «arousal». Un grupo de control recibia el mismo numero de presentaciones de ambos estimulos de modo descorrelacionado. La medida del condicionamiento se efectuaba indirectamente, a traves de la modulacion del reflejo de parpadeo acustico suscitado en presencia del EC. Los resultados muestran que la amplitud del parpadeo es mucho mas elevada en el grupo experimental, lo que sugiere que se ha producido una transferencia de las propiedades afectivas y/o «arousal» desde el EI al EC, debido a un proceso de condicionamiento. Blink startle modulation by conditioning with aversive pictures as unconditioned stimuli. The aim of this work is to demonstrate the possibility of producing classical conditioning, using pictures of the «International Affective Picture System» (IAPS) as unconditioned stimuli (US). For this, a group of subjects (experimental group) received 20 pairing trials of a circular shape, as conditioned stimulus (CS), and an IAPS picture with very unpleasant affective valence and high «arousal». A control group received the same number of presentations of both stimuli in an uncorrelated way. Measurement of the conditioning was achieved indirectly, by means of the modulation amplitude of the blink startle elicited in the presence of the CS. The results showed that the blink startle amplitude was much higher in the experimental group. This suggests a transfer of the affective properties and/or «arousal» from the US to the CS, due to a conditioning process.
Classification of fNIRS signals for deception decoding using LDA and SVM

Recent advancements in the field of neuroimaging have demonstrated that functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS) has a great potential for deception decoding. fNIRS is relatively new non-invasive optical imaging technique that has the advantages of safety, low cost, portability and easy to use. Light in the range of near infrared is used in fNIRS to measure the hemoglobin concentrations and thus determine the neural activity. In this paper we have compared the abilities of two classification techniques: linear discriminant analysis (LDA) and support vector machine (SVM), to classify the fNIRS data for deception decoding. Five healthy male subjects participated in deception and truth-telling scenarios separately in this study. Signals from the prefrontal cortex of the subjects were collected using continuous wave fNIRS. HbO and HbR signals were used to define the features and then data was classified using LDA and SVM classifiers. The average classification accuracy of SVM is 87.33 % whereas average classification accuracy for LDA is 78.34 %. The higher classification accuracy resulting from SVM is in accordance with the previous literature.
HIV testing attitudes, AIDS stigma, and voluntary HIV counselling and testing in a black township in Cape Town, South Africa

Objectives: A cornerstone of HIV prevention in South Africa is voluntary HIV antibody counselling and testing (VCT), but only one in five South Africans aware of VCT have been tested. This study examined the relation between HIV testing history, attitudes towards testing, and AIDS stigmas. Methods: Men (n = 224) and women (n = 276) living in a black township in Cape Town completed venue intercept surveys; 98% were black, 74% age 35 or younger. Results: 47% of participants had been tested for HIV. Risks for exposure to HIV were high and comparable among people tested and not tested. Comparisons on attitudes toward VCT, controlling for demographics and survey venue, showed that individuals who had not been tested for HIV and those tested but who did not know their results held significantly more negative testing attitudes than individuals who were tested, particularly people who knew their test results. Compared to people who had been tested, individuals who were not tested for HIV demonstrated significantly greater AIDS related stigmas; ascribing greater shame, guilt, and social disapproval to people living with HIV. Knowing test results among those tested was not related to stigmatising beliefs. Conclusions: Efforts to promote VCT in South Africa require education about the benefits of testing and, perhaps more important, reductions in stigmatising attitudes towards people living with AIDS. Structural and social marketing interventions that aim to reduce AIDS stigmas will probably decrease resistance to seeking VCT.
An amyloid-forming peptide from the yeast prion Sup35 reveals a dehydrated β-sheet structure for amyloid

X-ray diffraction and other biophysical tools reveal features of the atomic structure of an amyloid-like crystal. Sup35, a prion-like protein in yeast, forms fibrillar amyloid assemblies intrinsic to its prion function. We have identified a polar peptide from the N-terminal prion-determining domain of Sup35 that exhibits the amyloid properties of full-length Sup35, including cooperative kinetics of aggregation, fibril formation, binding of the dye Congo red, and the characteristic cross-β x-ray diffraction pattern. Microcrystals of this peptide also share the principal properties of the fibrillar amyloid, including a highly stable, β-sheet-rich structure and the binding of Congo red. The x-ray powder pattern of the microcrystals, extending to 0.9-Å resolution, yields the unit cell dimensions of the well-ordered structure. These dimensions restrict possible atomic models of this amyloid-like structure and demonstrate that it forms packed, parallel-stranded β-sheets. The unusually high density of the crystals shows that the packed β-sheets are dehydrated, despite the polar character of the side chains. These results suggest that amyloid is a highly intermolecularly bonded, dehydrated array of densely packed β-sheets. This dry β-sheet could form as Sup35 partially unfolds to expose the peptide, permitting it to hydrogen-bond to the same peptide of other Sup35 molecules. The implication is that amyloid-forming units may be short segments of proteins, exposed for interactions by partial unfolding.
The Female Alcoholic: A Social Psychological Study.

This book is a most welcome addition to the literature concerning alcoholism among women. The data for this study have been derived from a sample composed of 46 female inebriates admitted to the willmar State Hospital, willmar, Minn, from June to August 1960. Admission was voluntary or by commitment. The data were collected by means of two instruments, to which the respondents were asked to communicate verbally and in writing: (1) a carefully constructed questionnaire, which sought not only sociocultural factual information, but also self-definitions and definition of self as seen by others; and (2) an interview schedule in which substantial effort was made to preserve enough flexibility to bring out reasons and motives, and to allow enough probing to reveal additional relevant information. Copies of completed schedules are demonstrated in the appendices. The data reveal much that is of interest and indicate that many
IBRAC (Image-Based Rendering Acceleration and Compression)

Recent advances in Internet and computer graphics stimulate intensive use and development of 3D graphics on the World Wide Web. To increase efficiency of systems using 3D graphics on the web, the presented method utilizes previously rendered and transmitted images to accelerate the rendering and compression of new synthetic scene images. The algorithm employs ray casting and epipolar constraints to exploit spatial and temporal coherence between the current and previously rendered images. The reprojection of color and visibility data accelerates the computation of new images. The rendering method intrinsically computes a residual image, based on a user specified error tolerance that balances image quality against computation time and bandwidth. Encoding and decoding uses the same algorithm, so the transmitted residual image consists only of significant data without addresses or offsets. We measure rendering speedups of four to seven without visible degradation. Compression ratios per frame are a factor of two to ten better than MPEG2 in our test cases. There is no transmission of 3D scene data to delay the first image. The efficiency of the server and client generally increases with scene complexity or data size since the rendering time is predominantly a function of image size. This approach is attractive for remote rendering applications such as web-based scientific visualization where a client system may be a relatively low-performance machine and limited network bandwidth makes transmission of large 3D data impractical.
An experiment in evaluating the quality of translations

To lay the foundations for a systematic procedure that could be applied to any scientific translation, this experiment evaluates the error variances attributable to various sources inherent in a design in which discrete, randomly ordered sentences from translations are rated for intelligibility and for fidelity to the original. The procedure is applied to three human and three mechanical translations into English of four passages from a Russian work on cybernetics, yielding mean scores for the translations. Human and mechanical translations are clearly different in over-all quality, although substantial overlap is noted when individual sentences are considered. The procedure also clearly differentiates within sets of human translations and within sets of mechanical translations. Results from the two scales are highly correlated, and these in turn are highly correlated with reading times. A procedure in which highly intelligent "monolingual" raters (i.e., without knowledge of the foreign language) compare a test translation with a carefully prepared translation is found to be more reliable than one in which "bilingual" raters compare the English translation with the Russian original.