Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Immanent and Interventionist Inland Asian Aquaculture Development and its Outcomes

Aquaculture is equated with the reduction of poverty by intergovernmental agencies such as the FAO, which advocate the promotion of small‐scale aquaculture through project‐based interventions. There is a lack of convincing empirical evidence to support the efficacy of this type of intervention, however. Meanwhile, commercial cultured freshwater fish production has increased hugely throughout Asia, despite limited direct donor or government support. Its impact with respect to poverty also remains ambiguous, however. This article critically evaluates the developmental impacts of both immanent and interventionist forms of aquaculture and advances finely nuanced interpretations of both.
Can forward guidance be ambiguous yet effective

[Concluding remarks] The financial crisis has rendered conventional monetary policy (of major central banks) powerless. Unconventional monetary policy, in the form of forward guidance and quantitative easing, has taken center stage. Recent moves in financial markets have challenged the notion that forward guidance can be separated from the unwinding of quantitative easing and also shown that forward guidance can have perverse effects on market expectations. Nonetheless, forward guidance, as is currently formulated in practice, may be ineffective in managing market expectations not because central banks are powerless, but because they are too cautious, resulting in ambiguity in policy communication. Vagueness in communication is manifested by the insertion of conditionality and/or by the expression of intent, belief etc., to maintain accommodative policy on a certain course. Setting aside whether caution is warranted or not, the fact is that such vagueness is driven mainly by central banks' unwavering commitment to price stability, a commitment which is credible owing to their hard-won reputation. Financial markets are aware of this commitment. Saying that, the remark in January 2000 by Ben Bernanke that 'far from being powerless, the Bank of Japan could achieve a great deal if it were willing to abandon its excessive caution,' is still relevant now, as it was back then.
Evolving competition between Hong Kong and Shenzhen ports

Shenzhen Port (SZP), once a negligible local port, has risen dramatically to a world-leading container port and an “equal” player with Hong Kong Port (HKP). Will this market share reallocation continue, or will equilibrium be eventually realized for HKP to prosper continuously? We examine the relationship between these two ports to answer this question. We propose a new transformation method to describe the growth of container cargo transport demand, define the quantitative measures of the competition relationship and port competitiveness, and present a rigorous analytical framework with econometric tests and models to understand the true relationship between HKP and SZP. Direct empirical tests suggest that SZP complements HKP; however, the two ports exhibit strong competition when the effect of demand growth is excluded. Considering transshipment separately, we find that the impact of SZP on HKP is negative in transshipment but complementary in direct shipment. We may conclude that HKP does not affect SZP, whereas SZP has competitive power over HKP. These results are consistent with the findings of some previous theoretical studies.
WHOLE‐BODY‐VIBRATION‐‐INDUCED INCREASE IN LEG MUSCLE ACTIVITY DURING DIFFERENT SQUAT EXERCISES

This study analyzed leg muscle activity during whole-body vibration (WBV) training. Subjects performed standard unloaded isometric exercises on a vibrating platform (Power Plate): high squat (HS), low squat (LS), and 1-legged squat (OL). Muscle activity of the rectus femoris, vastus lateralis, vastus medialis, and gastrocnemius was recorded in 15 men (age 21.2 ± 0.8 years) through use of surface electromyography (EMG). The exercises were performed in 2 conditions: with WBV and without (control [CO]) a vibratory stimulus of 35 Hz. Muscle activation during WBV was compared with CO and with muscle activation during isolated maximal voluntary contractions (MVCs). Whole-body vibration resulted in a significantly higher (p < 0.05) EMG root-mean-square compared with CO in all muscle groups and all exercises (between 139.9 ± 17.5% and 1360.6 ± 57.5%). The increase in muscle activity caused by WBV was significantly higher (p < 0.05) in OL compared with HS and LS. In conclusion, WBV resulted in an increased activation of the leg muscles. During WBV, leg muscle activity varied between 12.6 and 82.4% of MVC values.
Output Growth and Fluctuations: The Role of Financial Openness

I analyze output growth, volatility, and skewness as the joint outcomes of financial openness. Using an industry panel of 53 countries over 45 years, I find that financial openness increases simultaneously mean growth and the negative skewness of the growth process. The increase in output skewness appears to come from a more negatively skewed distribution of investment, TFP, and new business creation. The growth benefits of financial liberalization are augmented, and its costs associated with higher probability of rare large contractions are mitigated by deep credit markets and by strong institutions. The main result of the paper holds in aggregated data. JEL Classification: E32, F30, F36, F43, G15
The impact of international involvement on firms' export performance

The literature on firms' export performance has traditionally related it either to ownership and location advantages or to factorial endowment of firms and countries. This paper aims at extending the determinants of firms' export capacity, including factors related to the international involvement of both the firms and their environment. The empirical test relies upon an augmented gravitation model explaining export performance for about 300 firms located in an Italian province and observed throughout the period 1997? 2003. Results confirm that, ceteris paribus, firms' export performance depends on their international experience and network structure. However, firms benefit from export spillovers stemming from foreign multinational companies located in the same area, but only when they are vertically related. When considering instead intra-industry relations, spillovers become negative owing to the increased competition.
Searching for managerial opportunism faint traces in French diversifying acquisitions

We are looking for traces of managerial opportunism in french diversifyingacquisitions. Indeed, following various theories, diversification is seeking by managers.Furthermore, recent empiric evidences show that corporate diversification is valuedestructive for shareholders. Using classical OLS methodology with diversification,management ownership and performance variables, we find some evidence of managerialopportunism. But classical methodology presents two shortages. First, it supposed a uniquesense of causality. In particular, firm diversification is supposed to impact firmperformance without considering the inverse relationship (from performance todiversification). This one-way analysis can create biases in the estimated results. Second,this OLS methodology doesn't permit to take simultaneously the relationship between ourvariables. Noticing that this classical methodology is not well adapted to the problem, wesubmit our data to a system of simultaneous equations. Using this system, according to usbetter adapted, the faint traces of managerial opportunism vanishes. This is the case inparticular because the negative impact of diversification on performance disappears whenwe consider a non recursive relation between the variables. We derive others surprisingresults from our simultaneaous equations framework. Management stake in the equity caninfluence or be influenced by the performance depending on wether the performance ismeasured at the firm or at the operation (acquisition) level. Together, these results suggestthat we have to be cautious when searching for managerial opportunism in sample andstatistical studies. If manager opportunist inclination can be suspected in this kind ofstudies, it has to be distinguished from manager opportunist behavior which is far moredifficult to exhibit.
Monetary policy rules for Indonesia: which type is the most efficient?

Purpose - The purpose of this paper is to evaluate the performance of six types of policy rules applied for Indonesia, using monthly data spanning January 1980 to December 2008. Design/methodology/approach - This paper uses deterministic simulations on a small macro model and evaluates the policy rules based on the loss function. Findings - Among six types of policy rules, an inflation forecast-based rule with contemporaneous output gap (IFBG) is found to be the most efficient rule for Indonesia. The rule suggests that the central bank should react strongly to inflation deviations from the target, react moderately to the output gap and smooth the interest rate. The optimal horizon is 3-4 quarters. Including the exchange rate in the policy rule causes deterioration in economic performance. Originality/value - No previous study examines Indonesia employing the same methodology.
A Theory of Commodity Price Fluctuations

This paper studies the price fluctuations of storable commodities that are traded in open markets and are subject to random shocks to demand or, more particularly, to supply. It relaxes the common assumption that the shocks are identically and independently distributed in favor of temporally dependent and periodic disturbances. The existence of a unique stationary rational expectations equilibrium is demonstrated for each of the models analyzed, and testable implications of the models are derived. An illustrative empirical investigation is then undertaken for the model with periodic disturbances using monthly time-series observations for seven commodities over the period 1960-93.
The new meaning of customer value: a systemic perspective

Purpose – Today, as services and products are becoming increasingly intertwined and the competition increasingly global, delivering customer value is not as simple as it used to be. In this article, we suggest that in contemporary business environment customer value is often systemic by nature. This means that managers need to assess their firm's offering through systems‐thinking perspective in order to find out what are the most effective ways to create value for the customer.Design/methodology/approach – Evidence of systemic customer value is provided in the form of illustrative examples from Apple's and Google's offerings. Furthermore, we utilize a quality function deployment (QFD) tool to provide an example of modeling of the systemic value attributes.Findings – This paper illustrates how such systemic customer value in the firm's offering can be modeled. This enables the tracking down of the functions that produce the most value in terms of meeting various customer needs. A firm that understands the .
Cardiovascular disease and periodontitis: an update on the associations and risk.

BACKGROUND Associations between periodontitis and cardiovascular diseases have been recognized. MATERIAL AND METHODS New literature since the last European Workshop on Periodontology has been reviewed. RESULTS The lack of reliable epidemiological data on disease prevalence makes an assessment of the associations and risks between periodontitis and cardiovascular diseases difficult. Two recent meta-analysis reports have identified associations between periodontitis and cardiovascular diseases (odds ratios: 1.1-2.2). Different surrogate markers for both disease entities, including serum biomarkers, have been investigated. Brachial artery flow-mediated dilatation, and carotid intima media thickness have in some studies been linked to periodontitis. Studies are needed to confirm early results of improvements of such surrogate markers following periodontal therapy. While intensive periodontal therapy may enhance inflammatory responses and impair vascular functions, studies are needed to assess the outcome of periodontal therapies in subjects with confirmed cardiovascular conditions. Tooth eradication may also reduce the systemic inflammatory burden of individuals with severe periodontitis. The role of confounders remain unclear. CONCLUSIONS Periodontitis may contribute to cardiovascular disease and stroke in susceptible subjects. Properly powered longitudinal case-control and intervention trials are needed to identify how periodontitis and periodontal interventions may have an impact on cardiovascular diseases.
Social Networks among Russian Information and Communication Technology Professionals

This article analyses the extent to which the economic actions of Russian information and communication technology (ICT) professionals are embedded in and influenced by their personal networks. The study is based on empirical data collected in 2004 in St Petersburg, one of the strongholds of Russian ICT. By focusing on the personal networks among the St Petersburg professionals the article seeks to illuminate the role and function of social ties in economic decisions. What are their significant social relations like? What kinds of resources get distributed through these ties? Answering these questions helps both to refine the notion of the ‘social embeddedness’ of economic action and to shed light on the nature of the new Russian economy.
Extracellular Calcium Controls the Dynamic Range of Neuronal Metabotropic Glutamate Receptor Responses

The metabotropicglutamate receptors (mGluRs) are neurotransmitter receptors important for synaptic plasticity in the brain. Here we report that native mGluR-mediated neuronal responses to glutamate are profoundly modulated by extracellular calcium (Ca2+(o)). In mouse cerebellar Purkinje cells (PCs), Ca2+(o) drastically broadened the effective dose range for glutamate analogs in which native mGluR1-mediated cation current and intracellular Ca2+ mobilization were evoked. This effect has not been observed for recombinant mGluRs expressed in the heterologous cell systems. Ca2+(o) also drastically augmented these native mGluR-mediated responses to the glutamate analog. These Ca2+(o) effects were observed in both the wild-type mice and the mutant mice expressing mGluR1 specifically in their PCs, suggesting that the native mGluR1 in the PCs but not those in other cell types are the key mediators of the effects. These findings demonstrate that Ca2+(o) plays an important role in regulating native mGluR-mediated neuronal responses.
The Community Empowerment Fund: A Matched Saving Model as an Innovative Approach to Housing the Homeless

Prevention efforts, rapid rehousing, and housing-first approaches have been major contributors in addressing homelessness. However, budget cuts may jeopardize these gains. The objective of this article is to use administrative data to examine an innovative new program’s ability to assist those experiencing homelessness to attain and retain permanent housing through asset building and access to financial services to build a more financially secure future. Results suggest that this program does foster savings and the attainment of permanent housing. Implications for policy and practice are discussed.
Grilled Meat Consumption and PhIP-DNA Adducts in Prostate Carcinogenesis

2-Amino-1-methyl-6-phenylimidazo[4,5-b]pyridine (PhIP) is the major heterocyclic amine generated from cooking meats at high temperatures, and dietary exposures have been shown to induce prostate cancer in rats. PhIP derives its carcinogenic potential through the formation of PhIP-DNA adducts. The purpose of this study was to examine whether self-reported consumption and preparation doneness of grilled meats were associated with PhIP-DNA adduct levels in prostate epithelial cells. The study population consisted of 268 African-American and Caucasian men who underwent radical prostatectomy for prostate cancer. PhIP-DNA adducts in tumor and adjacent nontumor cells were measured using immunohistochemical methods, and dietary meat intake information was based on food frequency questionnaires. Data were analyzed using multivariate linear regression models. After adjusting for age at prostatectomy and race, grilled meat consumption (P = 0.002) was significantly associated with higher adduct levels in tumor cells, but this association seemed to be primarily due to consumption of grilled red meats (P = 0.001) as opposed to grilled white meat consumption (P = 0.15). Among the specific food items, grilled hamburger consumption had the most significant association with adduct level in tumor cells (P = 0.002). Similar trends in positive associations with grilled meat consumption and adduct levels were observed in nontumor cells, but none of these associations reached statistical significance. Our results suggest that dietary interventions targeted at lower consumption of grilled red meats may reduce prostate cancer risk via the PhIP prostate carcinogenic pathway. (Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2007;16(4):803–8)
The bargaining family revisited

We suggest a family bargaining model where human capital investment decisions are made non-cooperatively in a first stage, while day-to-day allocation of time is determined later through Nash bargaining, but with non-cooperative behaviour as the fall-back. One finding is that overinvestment in education may be even more of a problem in such a semi-cooperative model than in a fully non-cooperative one. Even though both the semi-cooperative model and the fully non-cooperative model predict overinvestment in education, policy conclusions that follow from the two models are distinctly different.
Beyond ‘Access’: Internet Use and Take-up of Online Services by Adults Living in Disadvantaged Areas in England

Much discussion of the ‘digital divide’ has focused around the issue of access to technology and how this plays out in relation to different groups from disadvantaged neighbourhoods. This paper draws on survey data from a national evaluation project to investigate the likelihood of further digital divides emerging as we look beyond ‘access’ to the consumption of e-services. Logit multiple regression is used to test the extent to which a variety of socio-economic characteristics influence the use of e-services including both commercial services and information. The analysis suggests that women, those from a minority ethnic background and people living in less affluent areas are less likely to access commercial services such as online banking and shopping. Gender differences are particularly noticeable in terms of accessing online information, with women significantly less likely to use the Internet to obtain information that may help support their social and economic inclusion.
Homework in Macroeconomics: Household Production and Aggregate Fluctuations

This paper explores some macroeconomic implications of including household production in an otherwise standard real business cycle model. We calibrate the model on the basis of macroeconomic evidence and long-run considerations, simulate it, and examine its statistical properties. We find that introducing home production significantly improves the quantitative performance of the standard model along several dimensions. It also implies a very different interpretation of the nature of aggregate fluctuations.
A group intervention which assists patients with dual diagnosis reduce their drug use: a randomized controlled trial

Background. There is a well-recognized association between substance use and psychotic disorders, sometimes described as ‘dual diagnosis’. The use of substances by people with psychosis has a negative impact in terms of symptoms, longitudinal course of illness and psychosocial adjustment. There are few validated treatments for such individuals, and those that do exist are usually impracticable in routine clinical settings. The present study employs a randomized controlled experimental design to examine the effectiveness of a manualized group-based intervention in helping patients with dual diagnosis reduce their substance use. Method. The active intervention consisted of weekly 90-min sessions over 6 weeks. The manualized intervention was tailored to participants' stage of change and motivations for drug use. The control condition was a single educational session. Results. Sixty-three subjects participated, of whom 58 (92%) completed a 3-month follow-up assessment of psychopathology, medication and substance use. Significant reductions in favour of the treatment condition were observed for psychopathology, chlorpromazine equivalent dose of antipsychotics, alcohol and illicit substance use, severity of dependence and hospitalization. Conclusions. It is possible to reduce substance use in individuals with psychotic disorders, using a targeted group-based approach. This has important implications for clinicians who wish to improve the long-term outcome of their patients.
Oliver Hart, "Firms, Contracts, and Financial Structure: Clarendon Lectures in Economics"

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Investment Incentives in Auctions: An Experiment

We experimentally analyze first and second price auctions where one bidder can achieve a comparative advantage by investment prior to the auction. We find that, as predicted by theory, bidders invest more often prior to second price auctions than prior to first price auctions. In both auction formats bidding is more aggressive than the equilibrium prediction. However, bidding is closer to equilibrium than in control treatments where the comparative advantage is exogenous.
The Europeanisation of Research and Higher Educational Policies: Some Reflections

This paper poses the following question: To what extent do European Union (EU) policies affect national policies? In essence this paper studies the Europeanisation of policy in the field of research and higher education (R&E). The field of R&E is largely neglected in the literature on European integration and Europeanisation. I argue that processes of Europeanisation of R&E mirror two interrelated processes: both the emergence of supranational policies at the EU level and national convergence towards these policies. The empirical scope of the paper is the relationship between the EU’s R&E policies and the corresponding Norwegian policies. Our empirical observations based on documentary data and existing bodies of literature reveal that the emergence of creeping supranational policies of R&E at the EU level has accompanied moderate convergence of Norwegian R&E policies. This moderate level of convergence, I argue, reflects a mix of moderate institutionalised linkages between Norwegian ministries and agencies and the EU, moderate adaptational pressures towards Norwegian R&E policies from the EU, and institutional path dependencies in Norwegian R&E policies.