Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Efficacy of different dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4) inhibitors on metabolic parameters in patients with type 2 diabetes undergoing dialysis

AbstractHyperglycemia is associated with increased mortality and morbidity in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) who are undergoing dialysis. Although dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4) inhibitors have been widely used in end-stage renal disease (ESRD) patients with T2DM, there are few studies on their efficacy in this population. We studied the effect of 3 different DPP-4 inhibitors on metabolic parameters in ESRD patients with T2DM.Two hundred ESRD patients with T2DM who were treated with DPP-4 inhibitors (sitagliptin, vildagliptin, or linagliptin) were enrolled and analyzed retrospectively. The changes in glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c), fasting plasma glucose, and lipid profiles were assessed before and after 3 months of treatment with DPP-4 inhibitors. Subgroup analysis was done for each hemodialysis (HD) and peritoneal dialysis (PD) group.There was no significant difference in the decrease in the HbA1c level among sitagliptin, vildagliptin, and linagliptin treatment groups (−0.74 ± 1.57, −0.39 ± 1.45, and −0.08 ± 1.40, respectively, P = 0.076). The changes in fasting blood glucose and lipid profiles were also not significantly different. In HD patients (n = 115), there was no difference in the HbA1c level among the 3 groups. In contrast, in PD patients (n = 85), HbA1c was reduced more after 3 months of treatment with sitagliptin compared with vildagliptin and linagliptin (−1.58 ± 0.95, −0.46 ± 0.98, −0.04 ± 1.22, respectively, P = 0.001). There was no significant difference in the glucose-lowering effect between the different DPP-4 inhibitors tested in ESRD patients. In PD patients, sitagliptin tends to lower the HbA1c level more than the other inhibitors. The glucose-lowering efficacy of the 3 DPP-4 inhibitors was comparable.
Klasifikasi Selebgram melalui Analisis Traffic Post dan Deteksi Objek Menggunakan Metode Convolutional Neural Network

Era digital inovatif, memilih selebgram untuk kampanye endorsement kini membutuhkan keahlian mengedepankan akurasi dan ketelitian. Tidak hanya jumlah pengikut yang besar, tetapi juga perlu mempertimbangkan pemetaan ketertarikan dan interaksi dalam setiap unggahan. Instagram, sebagai platform sosial yang populer, menjadi tempat bagi hampir semua orang untuk berbagi momen dan tak jarang postingan yang diunggah mencerminkan minat dan ketertarikan. Penelitian ini akan mengotomatisasi pemilihan calon endorser dengan menganalisis ketertarikan melalui pengolahan citra menggunakan metode deep learning, yaitu Convolutional Neural Network, sebuah algoritma dalam pengolahan citra digital. Tujuan utama penelitian ini adalah untuk mengklasifikasikan ketertarikan berdasarkan unggahan di Instagram dengan Convolutional Neural Network, dan menggabungkannya dengan analisis frekuensi data komentar dan like untuk mendapatkan peringkat influencer tertinggi dalam kampanye endorsement sesuai kategori, seperti Food, Travelling, Otomotif, dan Beauty or Fashion. Hasil pengujian model dengan menggunakan confusion matrix menunjukkan akurasi tertinggi 88%, presisi 91%, dan recall 84%. Model diuji pada 2500 dataset, dengan pembagian 90% data latih dan 10% validasi.
Domain Adaptation in Statistical Machine Translation with Mixture Modelling

Mixture modelling is a standard technique for density estimation, but its use in statistical machine translation (SMT) has just started to be explored. One of the main advantages of this technique is its capability to learn specific probability distributions that better fit subsets of the training dataset. This feature is even more important in SMT given the difficulties to translate polysemic terms whose semantic depends on the context in which that term appears. In this paper, we describe a mixture extension of the HMM alignment model and the derivation of Viterbi alignments to feed a state-of-the-art phrase-based system. Experiments carried out on the Europarl and News Commentary corpora show the potential interest and limitations of mixture modelling.
TIDEL-II: first-line use of imatinib in CML with early switch to nilotinib for failure to achieve time-dependent molecular targets.

The Therapeutic Intensification in De Novo Leukaemia (TIDEL)-II study enrolled 210 patients with chronic phase chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) in two equal, sequential cohorts. All started treatment with imatinib 600 mg/day. Imatinib plasma trough level was performed at day 22 and if <1000 ng/mL, imatinib 800 mg/day was given. Patients were then assessed against molecular targets: BCR-ABL1 ≤10%, ≤1%, and ≤0.1% at 3, 6, and 12 months, respectively. Cohort 1 patients failing any target escalated to imatinib 800 mg/day, and subsequently switched to nilotinib 400 mg twice daily for failing the same target 3 months later. Cohort 2 patients failing any target switched to nilotinib directly, as did patients with intolerance or loss of response in either cohort. At 2 years, 55% of patients remained on imatinib, and 30% on nilotinib. Only 12% were >10% BCR-ABL1 at 3 months. Confirmed major molecular response was achieved in 64% at 12 months and 73% at 24 months. MR4.5 (BCR-ABL1 ≤0.0032%) at 24 months was 34%. Overall survival was 96% and transformation-free survival was 95% at 3 years. This trial supports the feasibility and efficacy of an imatinib-based approach with selective, early switching to nilotinib. This trial was registered at www.anzctr. org.au as #12607000325404.
Spirometry Reference Equations for Central European Populations from School Age to Old Age

Background Spirometry reference values are important for the interpretation of spirometry results. Reference values should be updated regularly, derived from a population as similar to the population for which they are to be used and span across all ages. Such spirometry reference equations are currently lacking for central European populations. Objective To develop spirometry reference equations for central European populations between 8 and 90 years of age. Materials We used data collected between January 1993 and December 2010 from a central European population. The data was modelled using “Generalized Additive Models for Location, Scale and Shape” (GAMLSS). Results The spirometry reference equations were derived from 118'891 individuals consisting of 60'624 (51%) females and 58'267 (49%) males. Altogether, there were 18'211 (15.3%) children under the age of 18 years. Conclusion We developed spirometry reference equations for a central European population between 8 and 90 years of age that can be implemented in a wide range of clinical settings.
Characterization of Acid-sensing Ion Channels in Dorsal Horn Neurons of Rat Spinal Cord*

Acid-sensing ion channels (ASICs) are ligand-gated cation channels activated by extracellular protons. In periphery, they contribute to sensory transmission, including that of nociception and pain. Here we characterized ASIC-like currents in dorsal horn neurons of the rat spinal cord and their functional modulation in pathological conditions. Reverse transcriptase-nested PCR and Western blotting showed that three ASIC isoforms, ASIC1a, ASIC2a, and ASIC2b, are expressed at a high level in dorsal horn neurons. Electrophysiological and pharmacological properties of the proton-gated currents suggest that homomeric ASIC1a and/or heteromeric ASIC1a + 2b channels are responsible for the proton-induced currents in the majority of dorsal horn neurons. Acidification-induced action potentials in these neurons were compatible in a pH-dependent manner with the pH dependence of ASIC-like current. Furthermore, peripheral complete Freund's adjuvant-induced inflammation resulted in increased expression of both ASIC1a and ASIC2a in dorsal horn. These results support the idea that the ASICs of dorsal horn neurons participate in central sensory transmission/modulation under physiological conditions and may play important roles in inflammation-related persistent pain.
Relation between holiday weight gain and total energy expenditure among 40- to 69-y-old men and women (OPEN study).

BACKGROUND A significant proportion of the average annual body weight (BW) gain in US adults (~0.5-1 kg/y) may result from modest episodes of positive energy balance during the winter holiday season. OBJECTIVE We tested whether holiday BW gain was reduced in participants with high baseline total energy expenditure (TEE) or whether it varied by BMI (in kg/m(2)). DESIGN In a secondary analysis of previously published data, ΔBW normalized over 90 d from mid-September/mid-October 1999 to mid-January/early March 2000 was analyzed by sex, age, and BMI in 443 men and women (40-69 y of age). TEE was measured by doubly labeled water. High or low energy expenditure was assessed as residual TEE after linear adjustment for age, height, and BW. RESULTS No correlations between ΔBW and TEE or TEE residuals were found. Sixty-five percent of men and 58% of women gained ≥0.5 kg BW, with ~50% of both groups gaining ≥1% of preholiday BW. Obese men (BMI ≥30) gained more BW than did obese women. CONCLUSIONS A high preholiday absolute TEE or residual TEE did not protect against BW gain during the winter holiday quarter. It is not known whether higher than these typical TEE levels would protect against weight gain or if the observed gain may be attributed to increased food consumption and/or reduced physical activity during the holiday quarter.
Mapping finer‐resolution land surface emissivity using Landsat images in China

Land surface emissivity is a crucial parameter for obtaining the land surface temperature and estimating the land surface energy budget from remote sensing data. The current emissivity products always have a coarser spatial resolution than the products from the visible and near‐infrared data. This study focused on the generation of an emissivity product at a spatial resolution of 30 m using a new global land cover product called Finer‐Resolution Observation and Monitoring of Global Land Cover and Landsat images. Summer‐average emissivity products in four narrowbands (Landsat 5/Thematic Mapper Band 6, Landsat 7/Enhanced Thematic Mapper Plus Band 6, and Landsat 8 Thermal Infrared Sensor bands 1 and 2) and two broadbands (3–14 μm and 8–13.5 μm) were produced in China. Results illustrated that the narrowband emissivities ranged from 0.95 to 0.99, whereas the broadband emissivities ranged from 0.93 to 0.99 in the study area. Intercomparisons in different places showed that the new emissivity was close to Advanced Spaceborne Thermal Emission and Reflection Radiometer emissivity with a difference of about 0.015 for narrowband emissivity and about 0.02 for broadband emissivity on a regional scale. For application purposes, the emissivities were released in the Worldwide Reference System 2 and geographic coordinate systems with several spatial resolutions resampled from its original scale of 30 m.
Bronchiolitis: Age and Previous Wheezing Episodes Are Linked to Viral Etiology and Atopic Characteristics

Background: Diagnostic criteria for bronchiolitis are variable. Objective: To study how the risk factors for recurrent wheezing and asthma vary by different definitions of bronchiolitis. Methods: Viral etiology and atopic characteristics were studied in 259 hospitalized wheezing children (median age, 14 months; range, 0–36 months). The data were analyzed according to age (<6, <12, <24 and <36 months) and whether they had a history or no history of a previous wheezing episode. Sixteen viruses were detected by conventional and molecular methods. Atopic characteristics included the presence of eczema, specific and total IgE responses, blood eosinophil count, and modified asthma predictive index. Results: Evidence of respiratory virus infection was found in 93% of the cases and allergic sensitization in 26% of the cases. Rhinovirus infections and atopic characteristics (sensitization, blood eosinophil count, and modified asthma predictive index) increased by age and were significantly more common in children with recurrent wheezing episodes than in first-time wheezers in age categories of <24 and <36 months (P < 0.05 for all). Conclusions: In children with bronchiolitis, 2 clinical factors, age and number of previous wheezing episodes, are linked to inflammatory (atopy-related factors) and virologic risk factors of asthma (rhinovirus-associated disease). According to current US and UK guidelines, bronchiolitis includes wheezing children <24 months of age. Our observations suggest that the clinical definition should include only children with their first episode of wheezing.
Usability benchmarks for motion tracking systems

Precise, accurate, fast, and low-latency motion tracking is a core requirement of real-time human-computer interfaces. The choices of tracking systems for a particular set of 3D interaction techniques are manifold. Hence, guidance in this task is greatly beneficial. In this paper, we propose to establish a set of canonical and simple game-based benchmarks for a potentially standardised comparison of tracking systems. The benchmarks focus on usability scores given reoccurring interaction tasks without requiring potentially missing, incomplete, or complex latency or accuracy raw measurements. Our first two benchmarks evaluate three tracking systems regarding motion-parallax and 3D object manipulation techniques. Our usability comparisons confirmed an expected advantage of low-latency/high-accuracy systems, while they also demonstrated that certain tracking systems perform better than suggested by previous measurements of their raw performances. This indicates that our approach provides an adequate replacement and improvement over the pure comparison of technical specifications. We believe our benchmarks could benefit the research community by facilitating a usability-based comparison of motion tracking systems.
Trait Cheerfulness Does Not Influence Switching Costs But Modulates Preparation and Repetition Effects in a Task-Switching Paradigm

Many studies have shown the beneficial effect of positive emotions on various cognitive processes, such as creativity and cognitive flexibility. Cheerfulness, understood as an affective predisposition to sense of humor, has been associated with positive emotions. So far, however, no studies have shown the relevance of this dimension in cognitive flexibility processes. The aim of this research was to analyze the relationship between cheerfulness and these processes. To this end, we carried out two studies using a task-switching paradigm. Study 1 aimed at analyzing whether high trait cheerfulness was related to better cognitive flexibility (as measured by reduced task-switching costs), whereas Study 2 aimed at replicating the pattern of data observed in Study 1. The total sample was composed of 139 participants (of which 86 were women) selected according to their high versus low scores in trait cheerfulness. In a random way, participants had to judge whether the face presented to them in each trial was that of a man or a woman (gender recognition task) or whether it expressed anger or happiness (expressed emotion recognition task). We expected participants with high versus low trait cheerfulness to show a lower task-switching cost (i.e., higher cognitive flexibility). Results did not confirm this hypothesis. However, in both studies, participants with high versus low trait cheerfulness showed a higher facilitation effect when the stimuli attributes were repeated and also when a cue was presented anticipating the demand to perform. We discuss the relevance of these results for a better understanding of cheerfulness.
Impact of Music on Brain Function during Mental Task using Electroencephalography

Music has a great effect on human body and mind; it can have a positive effect on hormone system. Objective of this study is to analysis the effect of music (carnatic, hard rock and jazz) on brain activity during mental work load using electroencephalography (EEG). Eight healthy subjects without special musical education participated in the study. EEG signals were acquired at frontal (Fz), parietal (Pz) and central (Cz) lobes of brain while listening to music at three experimental condition (rest, music without mental task and music with mental task). Spectral powers features were extracted at alpha, theta and beta brain rhythms. While listening to jazz music, the alpha and theta powers were significantly (p < 0.05) high for rest as compared to music with and without mental task in Cz. While listening to Carnatic music, the beta power was significantly (p < 0.05) high for with mental task as compared to rest and music without mental task at Cz and Fz location. This finding corroborates that attention based activities are enhanced while listening to jazz and carnatic as compare to Hard rock during mental task. Keywords—Music, Brain Function, Electroencephalography (EEG), Mental Task, Features extraction parameters
Response to Comment on “Global assessment of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungus diversity reveals very low endemism”

Bruns and Taylor argue that our finding of widespread distribution among Glomeromycota “virtual taxa” is undermined by the species definition applied. Although identifying appropriate species concepts and accessing taxonomically informative traits are challenges for microorganism biogeography, the virtual taxa represent a pragmatic classification that corresponds approximately to the species rank of classical Glomeromycota taxonomy, yet is applicable to environmental DNA.
Efficient Cepstral Normalization for Robust Speech Recognition

In this paper we describe and compare the performance of a series of cepstrum-based procedures that enable the CMU SPHINX-II speech recognition system to maintain a high level of recognition accuracy over a wide variety of acoustical environments. We describe the MFCDCN algorithm, an environment-independent extension of the efficient SDCN and FCDCN algorithms developed previously. We compare the performance of these algorithms with the very simple RASTA and cepstral mean normalization procedures, describing the performance of these algorithms in the context of the 1992 DARPA CSR evaluation using secondary microphones, and in the DARPA stress-test evaluation.
On-chip samplers for test and debug of asynchronous circuits

On-chip high-bandwidth sampling circuits supplement traditional test and debug techniques by non-invasively probing analog voltages for off-chip measurement. Existing circuits rely on sub-sampling techniques and thus require a synchronous clock. We extend these ideas to asynchronous circuits by combining an analog sampling head with a variable delay element and activating this circuit with an asynchronously triggered event. Repeated triggering events with different delays emulate sub-sampling. Simulations in a 180 nm technology of SRAM timing margins and GasP control failure modes show this technique can probe asynchronous signals with high fidelity.
The use of magnetic resonance imaging and spectroscopy in the assessment of patients with head and neck and other superficial human malignancies

The proper demarcation of diseased tissue is important for radiation therapy planning and treatment. The volume to be irradiated is usually identified on radiographs or on x‐ray computed tomography (CT) sections. Magnetic resonance (MR)‐derived images of the proton T2 relaxation times in small pixel elements, typically 0.5 mm2 or less, provide significantly sharper differentiation between normal and diseased tissue. The T2 values in tissue depend on the tissue composition, histologic condition, and physiologic environment within the tumor. Furthermore, for many tumors the histogram of T2 values has a clear biphasic distribution suggesting that T2 maps may be useful for the identification of necrotic or hypoxic regions within tumors. The distribution of T2 values within the tumor bed shows the general pattern that the T2 values are elevated with a range greater than that seen in normal muscle. Elevated T2 values are not by themselves diagnostic of malignancy; however, they demonstrate the heterogeneity of the microenvironment present within a tumor. The spatial distribution of T2 values is being explored as a method for computer assistance in the delineation of the target volume for treatment planning. In addition, MR P‐31 spectroscopic examinations were performed on 30 patients with squamous cell carcinomas of the head and neck. Although hampered by muscle contamination in some P‐31 spectra obtained with surface coil profile localization techniques, significant trends can still be appreciated in our data. These trends include the following: (1) the P‐31 spectra from malignant tissue have well‐resolved spectral lines in the upfield region that correspond to Pi, phosphomonoester (PME), and phosphodiester (PDE) not usually seen in normal muscle; (2) the PDE/B‐ATP and PME/B‐ATP ratios are greater than unity in all cases; and (3) most of the tumors have higher PME peaks than PDE peaks. The P‐31 spectra from patients treated with ionizing radiation changed during and after therapy. Some of the changes could be associated with alteration of the tumor metabolic activity or synthesis and breakdown of lipoproteins. These studies suggest that magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) studies may be useful for both radiotherapy treatment planning and the noninvasive monitoring of patients both before and during treatment.
Organic geochemistry of the Paleoproterozoic here's your chance Pb/Zn/Ag deposit

iii The Barney Creek Formation (BCF) is a 1.64 Ga marine shale deposited in the McArthur Basin, Northern Territory, Australia. Immature sections of the formation contain some of the best-preserved known Proterozoic biomarkers; hence the area has been extensively used in paleoenvironmental reconstructions of the middle Proterozoic. The BCF is host to the Here’s Your Chance (HYC) deposit, the largest of the sediment-hosted Pb/Zn/Ag deposits in Northern Australia. The deposit was formed by the action of a metal-rich hydrothermal fluid, and sedimentary organic matter (OM) at the deposit has been highly affected by hydrothermal alteration. It has also been proposed that a significant quantity of OM was carried with the mineralising fluid and deposited at HYC, overprinting the signal of indigenous OM. The precipitation of base metal sulfide deposits requires large amounts of reduced sulfur. It was generally believed that formation of these deposits during the middle Proterozoic was linked to the global development of euxinic oceans. Recent evidence suggests however that ferruginous conditions may have predominated during this period, and that euxinia may have been limited to localised areas such as restricted basins. The analysis of sedimentary OM is a powerful tool for the detection of ocean euxinia. The organic products of sulfate-reducing bacteria and phototrophic sulfur bacteria persist in sediments after diagenesis, providing reliable evidence for euxinic conditions. Such evidence has been found in unmineralised sediments from the BCF, but has not been detected in the mineralised zones of HYC due to the hydrothermal alteration that occurred during deposition. The aim of this PhD project is to apply novel organic geochemical techniques with the potential to characterise sedimentary OM impacted by hydrothermal alteration to the HYC deposit. The non-traditional techniques used were required to detect organic evidence of the microbial environment in which the deposit was formed. OM extracted from within the kerogen / mineral matrix (Bitumen II) was analysed for preserved hydrocarbons indigenous to the deposit. δS of elemental sulfur (S) and organic sulfur were also measured as reduced sulfur species are sensitive indicators of depositional conditions. The effects of hydrothermal alteration on OM in mineral deposits were also investigated. Maturity parameters based on polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) were used to compare the thermal histories of freely-extracted