Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Non-Fermi liquid fixed point in a Wilsonian theory of quantum critical metals

We study the problem of disorder-free metals near a continuous quantum critical point. We depart from the standard paradigm of Hertz and Millis, and treat both fermions and bosons i.e. order parameter fields) on equal footing. We construct a Wilsonian effective field theory that integrates out only high energy boson and fermion modes. Below the upper critical dimension of the theory (d=3 spatial dimensions), we find new fixed points in which the bosons are described by the Wilson-Fisher fixed point and are coupled to a non-Fermi liquid metal. We describe subtleties with the renormalization group flow of four-Fermi interactions, which can be surmounted in a controlled large N limit. In this limit, we find that the theory has no superconducting instability.
Impact of Foliar Application of Amino Acids on Essential Oil Content, Odor Profile, and Flavonoid Content of Different Mint Varieties in Field Conditions

Mint is an industrial plant that is a good source of essential oil and many phenolic compounds that have several positive benefits to human health and can be used to prevent the development of many diseases. The aim of this research was to investigate the possibility of increasing essential oil and flavonoid content, changing the chemical composition of these compounds in different mint cultivars under foliar application with precursors (phenylalanine, tryptophan, and tyrosine) at two concentrations, 100 and 200 mg L−1, to enable the possibilities for wider use of these plants when they are grown in field conditions. Spraying with phenylalanine at 100 mg L−1 concentration increased essential oil content in Mentha piperita ‘Granada’ plants by 0.53 percentage units. Foliar application with tyrosine solutions at 100 mg L−1 concentration most effectively influenced the essential oil odor profile Mentha spicata ‘Crispa’. The highest number of total flavonoids was in Mentha piperita ‘Swiss’ sprayed with tyrosine at 100 mg L−1 concentration. The flavonoid content depended on the mint cultivar, amino acids, and their concentration. The results showed that the effect of amino acid solutions on different secondary metabolites’ quantitative and qualitative composition differed depending on the mint cultivar; therefore, amino acids and their concentrations must be selected based on the cultivar they are targeting.
Stable quantum Monte Carlo algorithm for T = 0 calculation of imaginary time Green functions

We present a numerically stable Quantum Monte Carlo algorithm to calculate zero-temperature imaginary-time Green functions G ( r , τ) for Hubbard type models. We illustrate the efficiency of the algorithm by calculating the on-site Green function G ( r =0, τ) on 4 ×4 to 12 ×12 lattices for the two-dimensional half-filled repulsive Hubbard model at U / t = 4. By fitting the tail of G ( r =0, τ) at long imaginary time to the form e -τΔ c , we obtain a precise estimate of the charge gap: Δ c = 0.67 ±0.02 in units of the hopping matrix element. We argue that the algorithm provides a powerful tool to study the metal-insulator transition from the insulator side.
A public code for general relativistic, polarised radiative transfer around spinning black holes

Ray tracing radiative transfer is a powerful method for comparing theoretical models of black hole accretion flows and jets with observations. We present a public code, grtrans, for carrying out such calculations in the Kerr metric, including the full treatment of polarised radiative transfer and parallel transport along geodesics. The code is written in Fortran 90 and efficiently parallelises with OpenMP, and the full code and several components have Python interfaces. We describe several tests which are used for verifiying the code, and we compare the results for polarised thin accretion disc and semi-analytic jet problems with those from the literature as examples of its use. Along the way, we provide accurate fitting functions for polarised synchrotron emission and transfer coefficients from thermal and power law distribution functions, and compare results from numerical integration and quadrature solutions of the polarised radiative transfer equations. We also show that all transfer coefficients can play an important role in predicted images and polarisation maps of the Galactic center black hole, Sgr A*, at submillimetre wavelengths.
Arginine within a specific motif near the N‐terminal of FimY is critical for the maximal production of type 1 fimbriae in Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium

An important Salmonella serovar for both human and animals Salmonella Typhimurium possesses 13 gene clusters that have the potential to produce fimbrial structure, among which the type 1 fimbriae with the binding specificity to mannose residue is the most commonly found type. Six structural genes and five regulatory genes comprise the fim gene cluster that is responsible for the production of type 1 fimbriae in S. Typhimurium. The fimY gene encodes a positive regulator for type 1 fimbrial expression since a deletion in fimY abolished the production of fimbriae. The N‐terminal portion of FimY contains amino acid residues that exhibit some similarity as those found in the proteins possessing the PilZ domain, which is engaged in cyclic di‐GMP binding. A fimY allele that had a change from arginine to alanine at position 7 (R7A) or 7 and 11 (R7/11A) generated by site‐directed mutagenesis in a 6RRERH11R motif near N‐terminal, when cloned in pACYC184 and transformed into a fimY‐deleted strain, decreased the expression of fimA and fimZ. The number of type 1 fimbriae in these two transformants was also less than those of the other transformants that contained different fimY alleles in pACYC184 when observed in electron microscopy. However, changing from arginine to alanine at position 11 (R11A) remained the same as the wild‐type fimY allele. It is likely that the arginine at the 7th position of FimY is critical for its maximal activating activity upon fimZ. Another motif 83DI85SLWIEK91G motif did not affect the function of FimY. Although FimY has the two aforementioned motifs, which contain some amino acids that are present within those of the PilZ domain proteins, secondary structure prediction analysis did not reveal that FimY has a conformation commonly observed in PilZ‐like proteins. Therefore, FimY and PilZ domain proteins are not homologs. Further investigation for a detailed analysis of FimY is thus warranted.
A Continuum Theory for Scintillating Crystals

We obtain, by starting from the balance laws of a continuum endowed with a vectorial microstructure and with a suitable thermodynamics, the evolution equation for the excitation carriers in scintillating crystals. These equations, coupled with the heat and electrostatic equations, describe the non-proportional response of a scintillator to incoming ionizing radiations in terms of a Reaction and Diffusion-Drift system. The system of partial differential equations we arrive at allows for an explicit estimate of the decay time, a result which is obtained here for the first time for scintillators. Moreover we show how the two most popular phenomenological models in use, namely the Kinetic and Diffusive models, can be recovered, amongst many others, as a special case of our model. An example with the available data for NaI:Tl is finally given and discussed to show the dependence of these models on the energy of ionizing radiations.
On a separation criterion for symmetric elliptic bluff body flows

A new analytical criterion that captures the onset of separation of flow past elliptic cylinders is derived by considering the variation of the wall normal velocity in Reynolds number parameter space. It is shown that this criterion can be used to calculate the separation Reynolds number Re_s for the classical problem of flow past a circular cylinder, a contentious and unresolved issue till date. The two dimensional Navier-Stokes equations are solved computationally and an exact value of Re_s is obtained by applying the aforementioned criterion.
PopArt: Ranked Testing Efficiency

Too often, programmers are under pressure to maximize their confidence in the correctness of their code with a tight testing budget. Should they spend some of that budget on finding “interesting” inputs or spend their entire testing budget on test executions? Work on testing efficiency has explored two competing approaches to answer this question: systematic partition testing (<sc>ST</sc>), which defines a testing partition and tests its parts, and random testing (<sc>RT</sc>), which directly samples inputs with replacement. A consensus as to which is better when has yet to emerge. We present Probability Ordered Partition Testing (<sc>PopArt</sc>), a new systematic partition-based testing strategy that visits the parts of a testing partition in decreasing probability order and in doing so leverages any non-uniformity over that partition. We show how to construct a homogeneous testing partition, a requirement for systematic testing, by using an executable oracle and the path partition. A program's path partition is a naturally occurring testing partition that is usually skewed for the simple reason that some paths execute more frequently than others. To confirm this conventional wisdom, we instrument programs from the Codeflaws repository and find that 80% of them have a skewed path probability distribution. <sc>PopArt</sc> visits the parts of a testing partition in decreasing probability order. We then compare <sc>PopArt</sc> with <sc>RT</sc> to characterise the configuration space in which each is more efficient. We show that, when simulating Codeflaws, <sc>PopArt</sc> outperforms <sc>RT</sc> after <inline-formula><tex-math notation="LaTeX">$100{,}000$</tex-math><alternatives><mml:math><mml:mrow><mml:mn>100</mml:mn><mml:mo>,</mml:mo><mml:mn>000</mml:mn></mml:mrow></mml:math><inline-graphic xlink:href="papapanagiotakisbousy-ieq1-3214796.gif"/></alternatives></inline-formula> executions. Our results reaffirm <sc>RT</sc>'s power for very small testing budgets but also show that for any application requiring high (above 90%) probability-weighted coverage <sc>PopArt</sc> should be preferred. In such cases, despite paying more for each test execution, we prove that <sc>PopArt</sc> outperforms <sc>RT</sc>: it traverses parts whose cumulative probability bounds that of random testing, showing that sampling without replacement pays for itself, given a nonuniform probability over a testing partition.
The Prevalence of Menstrual Cycle Disorders in Female Athletes from Different Sports Disciplines: A Rapid Review

The aim of this study was to rapidly review the literature on the prevalence of menstrual disorders in female athletes from different sports modalities. Articles were searched in the Web of Science and PubMed database in May 2022. A total of 1309 records were identified, and 48 studies were included in the final stage. The menstrual disorders described in the included studies were primary (in 33% of included studies) and secondary amenorrhea (in 73% of included studies) and oligomenorrhea (in 69% of included studies). The prevalence of menstrual disorders among the studies ranged from 0 to 61%. When data were pooled according to discipline (mean calculation), the highest prevalence of primary amenorrhea was found in rhythmic gymnastics (25%), soccer (20%) and swimming (19%); for secondary amenorrhea in cycling (56%), triathlon (40%) and rhythmic gymnastics (31%); and oligomenorrhea in boxing (55%), rhythmic gymnastics (44%) and artistic gymnastics (32%). Based on the results of this review, the study supports the literature of the higher prevalence of menstrual disorders in gymnastics and endurance disciplines. However, team sports modalities such as volleyball and soccer also presented a considerable percentage of menstrual disorders compared to the general population. It reinforces the importance of coaches and physicians paying attention to athletes’ menstrual cycle as the occurrence of menstrual disorders can be associated with impairment on some health components.
Imaging Simulations of the Sunyaev-Zel'dovich Effect for ALMA

We present imaging simulations of the Sunyaev-Zel’dovich effect of galaxy clusters for the Atacama Large Millimeter/submillimeter Array (ALMA) including the Atacama Compact Array (ACA). In its most compact configuration at 90GHz, ALMA will resolve the intracluster medium with an effective angular resolution of 5 arcsec. It will provide a unique probe of shock fronts and relativistic electrons produced during cluster mergers at high redshifts, that are hard to spatially resolve by current and near-future X-ray detectors. Quality of image reconstruction is poor with the 12m array alone but improved significantly by adding ACA; expected sensitivity of the 12m array based on the thermal noise is not valid for the Sunyaev-Zel’dovich effect mapping unless accompanied by an ACA observation of at least equal duration. The observations above 100 GHz will become excessively time-consuming owing to the narrower beam size and the higher system temperature. On the other hand, significant improvement of the observing efficiency is expected once Band 1 is implemented in the future.
The Influence of Level of Funding on Implementation of Physical Infrastructure Projects in Public Secondary Schools

The free primary education and subsidized secondary levels resulted to high enrolment in secondary schools in Kenya. This led to congestion on the existing facilities, especially in government aided secondary schools hence creating the need to construct more relevant physical facilities. However, in many government aided secondary schools, there are examples of faulty project implementation in terms of; incomplete buildings, inadequate instructional materials in some schools, poorly developed play grounds, laboratories with inadequate equipment, congested class rooms and lack of departmental offices. This study therefore aimed at establishing the influence of level of funding on physical infrastructure implementation: a case of Trans-Nzoia and West Pokot Counties, Kenya. The study adopted the Critical Chain Project Management theory while the descriptive survey design was employed. The target population comprised of the principals, the Board of Management (BOM) members, Sub County and County Directors of Education. Questionnaires and interview guides were used in data collection. The validity and reliability of the tools was done by use of the expert’s opinions and a test re-tests technique respectively. The quantitative data was analyzed with the aid of the Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) and presented by using descriptive statistics. Qualitative data was organized thematically and analyzed alongside the corresponding quantitative data. The findings revealed that; West Pokot County government allocated more funds towards infrastructure compared to Trans Nzoia. There was more donor support in West Pokot County than Trans Nzoia. Allocation and disbursement of funds from the ministry of Education and Constituency Development Funds delayed. As a result, schools in Trans Nzoia charged parents fees for infrastructure development. Allocation and disbursement of Funds from the ministry of education and the Constituency Development Funds delayed. The study recommended that there is need for more capacity building on outsourcing of resources to help implement projects in secondary schools in the two Counties. The findings from the study would be helpful to policy makers in developing informed policy in financing and implementation in education sector.
Explainable Deep Learning approach for Shoulder Abnormality Detection in X-Rays Dataset

Computer vision researchers and decision-makers have struggled to understand how deep neural networks (DNNs) accomplish image classification tasks and interpret their results. Due to a lack of understanding of their internal functioning, these models are commonly referred to as "black boxes. " As a part of the development process, the DNNs can be easily explained. In this research work, we introduce an explainable technique for shoulder abnormality detection. The motivation behind this study is to enhance patients' and medical professionals' trust in DNNs technology. DNNs are implemented frequently in the medical domain. The suggested abnormality detector, which is based on IGrad-CAM++, is capable of detecting Shoulder X-rays abnormality. Grad-CAM is a common approach that combines the activation maps received from the model to create such a visualization. The average gradient-based terms used in this technique, on the other hand, understate the contribution of the model's identified representations to its predictions. In order to address this issue, we offer a technique that uses Grad-CAM++ to compute the route integral of the gradient-based terms. By assessing different techniques, it is discovered that the recommended procedure can perform very effectively and efficiently in X-ray images provides more visual explanation than existing techniques.
Asymptotic and non-asymptotic analysis for a hidden Markovian process with a quantum hidden system

We focus on a data sequence produced by repetitive quantum measurement on an internal hidden quantum system, and call it a hidden Markovian process. Using a quantum version of the Perron–Frobenius theorem, we derive novel upper and lower bounds for the cumulant generating function of the sample mean of the data. Using these bounds, we derive the central limit theorem and large and moderate deviations for the tail probability. Then, we give the asymptotic variance by using the second derivative of the cumulant generating function. We also derive another expression for the asymptotic variance by considering the quantum version of the fundamental matrix. Further, we explain how to extend our results to a general probabilistic system.
Parity breaking with a nonlinear optical double-slit configuration

We consider an optical nonlinear interferometric setup based on Young's double-slit configuration where a nonlinear material is placed exactly after one of the two slits. We examine the effects of Kerr nonlinearity and multi-photon absorption in the resulting interference pattern. The presence of nonlinearity breaks the transverse spatial symmetry of the system, resulting to a modified intensity pattern at the observation plane as a function of the incident intensity. Our theoretical model, based on the modification of the optical path due to the presence of nonlinearity, is surprisingly accurate in predicting the intensity profile of the main lobes for a wide range of parameters. We discuss about potential applications of our model in nonlinear interferometry. Specifically, we show that it is possible to measure both the multi-photon and the Kerr coefficients of a nonlinear material based on the spatial translation of the interference pattern as a function of the incident intensity.
2-Cell-like Cells: An Avenue for Improving SCNT Efficiency

After fertilization, the zygote genome undergoes dramatic structural reorganization to ensure the establishment of totipotency, and then the totipotent potential of the zygote or 2-cell-stage embryo progressively declines. However, cellular potency is not always a one-way street. Specifically, a small number of embryonic stem cells (ESCs) occasionally overcome epigenetic barriers and transiently convert to a totipotent status. Despite the significant potential of the somatic cell nuclear transfer (SCNT) technique, the establishment of totipotency is often deficient in cloned embryos. Because of this phenomenon, the question arises as to whether strategies attempting to induce 2-cell-like cells (2CLCs) can provide practical applications, such as reprogramming of somatic cell nuclei. Inspired by strategies that convert ESCs into 2CLCs, we hypothesized that there will be a similar pathway by which cloned embryos can establish totipotent status after SCNT. In this review, we provide a snapshot of the practical strategies utilized to induce 2CLCs during investigations of the development of cloned embryos. The 2CLCs have similar transcriptome and chromatin features to that of 2-cell-stage embryos, and we propose that 2CLCs, already a valuable in vitro model for dissecting totipotency, will provide new opportunities to improve SCNT efficiency.
Hologram Super-Resolution Using Dual-Generator GAN

A regular photographic picture provides 2-dimensional information of the object by recording only intensity of light, whereas a CGH provides 3-dimensional information about the object, including distance information, by recording light interference. CGH is becoming possible to display high-resolution CGH images due to advance in display technology. However, CGH requires a great deal of time to generate a high-resolution image because it calculates large volumes of information, such as light reflected from an object and light interference. To solve this problem, we propose a model that predicts interference information and generates high-resolution CGH images from low-resolution CGH images using a deep learning model. We propose a dual-generator GAN model consisting of two generators and one discriminator, and compare the results with existing models that generate high-resolution CGH images. The generated high-resolution CGH images were measured and evaluated using a SSIM and PSNR indicators.
Aspects of String Cosmology

We review recent progress in string cosmology, where string dualities are applied so as to obtain complete cosmological evolutions, free of any essential singularities. Two classes of models are analyzed. The rst class consists of string gas cosmologies associated to certain thermal congurations of type II N = (4; 0) models. Finite temperature is introduced along with non-trivial \gravito-magnetic" uxes that lift the Hagedorn instabilities of the canonical ensemble and restore thermal T-duality symmetry. At a critical maximal temperature additional thermal states become massless sourcing stringy S-branes, which facilitate a bounce between the two dual, asymptotically cold phases. Unlike previous incarnations of pre-Big Bang cosmologies, the models remain perturbative throughout the cosmological evolution. The second class consists of exact solutions to classical string theory that admit a Euclidean description in terms of compact parafermionic worldsheet systems. The Euclidean target space corresponds to a non-singular, compact T-fold, which can be used to construct a normalizable Hartle-Hawking wavefunction for the cosmology.
Elastocaloric Response of PbTiO 3 Predicted from a First-Principles Effective Hamiltonian

A first-principles effective Hamiltonian is used in a molecular dynamics simulation to study the elastocaloric effect in PbTiO3. It is found that the transition temperature is a linear function of uniaxial tensile stress. A negative temperature change is calculated, when the uniaxial tensile stress is switched off, as a function of the initial temperature ΔT(Tinitial). It is predicted that the formation of domain structures under uniaxial tensile stress degrades the effectiveness of the elastocaloric effect.