Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Topology dynamics and routing for predictable mobile networks

Predictable mobile networks are dynamic in terms of the mobility and connectivity of the network nodes. However, in contrast to mobile ad-hoc networks, their dynamics are mostly predictable, as the name suggests. Currently, no adequate topology model exists for such networks. Moreover, routing protocols based on either static or mobile ad-hoc topology models do not exploit this predictability and thus are too inefficient for use in some application areas. We present a model that formalizes predictable dynamic topologies as sequences of static snapshots. We use this model to design and prove the correctness of a protocol based on link-state routing, whose performance is superior to its static and ad-hoc counterparts. Our routing protocol accounts for occurrences of additional, unpredictable changes, as well as their interaction with predictable changes. As an application area, we focus on routing in spacecraft networks and explain the suitability of our protocol for this application domain.
Optimising activity and participation outcomes for people with self-awareness impairments related to acquired brain injury: an interventions systematic review

ABSTRACT Impaired self-awareness related to acquired brain injury (ABI-ISA) can result in limitations in daily living activities and community participation. We hypothesise that with the appropriate interventions, outcomes for adults with ABI-ISA can be enhanced. The objectives of the study were to describe and examine critically the non-pharmacological intervention literature and to identify intervention elements that optimise everyday living outcomes in adults with ABI-ISA. Two reviewers selected articles and extracted data using five databases, a review protocol, and systematic review standards (i.e., Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) and Assessing the Quality and Applicability of Systematic Reviews (AQASR)). Included studies reported quantitative activity and participation intervention outcomes for people with stated or measured ABI-ISA, and the methodological quality of randomised controlled trials (RCT) was rated using the Physiotherapy Evidence Database scale (PEDro). Seventeen articles discussing 15 unique intervention studies were found, including two RCTs of good methodological quality. All studies reported improvements on measures of everyday living, utilised interventions with multiple therapeutic elements, and used various forms of external feedback. Evidence supports the use of intervention protocols including elements of experiential practice, external feedback, Socratic guided discussion, and metacognitive strategy training.
Mutational Analysis of the Influenza Virus cRNA Promoter and Identification of Nucleotides Critical for Replication

ABSTRACT Replication of the influenza A virus virion RNA (vRNA) requires the synthesis of full-length cRNA, which in turn is used as a template for the synthesis of more vRNA. A “corkscrew” secondary-structure model of the cRNA promoter has been proposed recently. However the data in support of that model were indirect, since they were derived from measurement, by use of a chloramphenicol acetyltransferase (CAT) reporter in 293T cells, of mRNA levels from a modified cRNA promoter rather than the authentic cRNA promoter found in influenza A viruses. Here we measured steady-state cRNA and vRNA levels from a CAT reporter in 293T cells, directly measuring the replication of the authentic influenza A virus wild-type cRNA promoter. We found that (i) base pairing between the 5′ and 3′ ends and (ii) base pairing in the stems of both the 5′ and 3′ hairpin loops of the cRNA promoter were required for in vivo replication. Moreover, nucleotides in the tetraloop at positions 4, 5, and 7 and nucleotides forming the 2-9 base pair of the 3′ hairpin loop were crucial for promoter activity in vivo. However, the 3′ hairpin loop was not required for polymerase binding in vitro. Overall, our results suggest that the corkscrew secondary-structure model is required for authentic cRNA promoter activity in vivo, although the precise role of the 3′ hairpin loop remains unknown.
Law and lies : deception and truth-telling in the American legal system

Introduction Austin Sarat 1. Where the law lies: constitutional fictions and their discontents Mary Anne Franks 2. The artifice of advocacy: perjury and participation in the American adversary system Norman W. Spaulding 3. Lies to manipulate, misappropriate, and acquire governmental power Helen Norton 4. Lies, rape, and statutory rape Stuart P. Green 5. Law and the production of deceit William N. Eskridge, Jr Afterword: law, lies, and law schools Montre Carodine.
Correlation of the ICG test with risk factors and postoperative outcomes following hepatic resection.

PURPOSE Liver failure is a major cause of early mortality following hepatectomy. The future-remnant liver function is an important factor when assessing the risk for postoperative liver functional impairment. Several techniques have been established for this evaluation, including the indocyanine green (ICG) test. The aim of this study was to evaluate the ICG clearance in patients scheduled for liver resection regarding perioperative and postoperative risk factors. METHODS Thirty-one patients, scheduled for liver resection, underwent the ICG test. Peri-operative and postoperative variables were recorded and analyzed using non-parametric tests. RESULTS Procedures extended from wedge excisions to extended hepatectomies. Plasma disappearance rate (PDR) was found positively correlated with total blood loss, transfusion and operation duration. There were 11 primary hepatic malignancies, including hepatocellular carcinomas and cholangiocarcinomas, 13 metastatic carcinomas, mainly of colorectal origin, and 7 benign lesions. The uninvolved liver parenchyma was normal in 20 (64. 5%) cases. Two patients died due to myocardial infarction and postoperative liver failure, respectively. CONCLUSION The role of residual liver function and particularly the hepatic reserve assessment on liver surgery may be of most benefit in the routine stratification of risk, enabling surgical procedures to be performed with safety. The ICG clearance markers were found significantly correlated with perioperative risk factors in histologically "normal" liver parenchyma. In addition to computed tomographic (CT) volumetry, functional assessment of the hepatic reserve with the ICG test may persuade the preoperative planning and prevent postoperative liver failure.
Non Invasive FNIR and FMRI system for Brain Mapping

Functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIR) is a neuroimaging modality that enables continuous, noninvasive, and portable monitoring of changes in blood oxygenation and blood volume related to human brain function. FNIR can be implemented in the form of a wearable and minimally intrusive device, it has the capacity to monitor brain activity under real life conditions and in everyday environments. The principle advantage of optical technique is its noninvasive nature. It provides information about functional oxygenation and volume changes that are directly comparable to fMRI, but the apparatus is much less costly and confining. Optical technique is performed in pediatric populations much more easily than fMRI and it can be transported to the bedside for clinical evaluations. Because NIRS signals are detected several centimeters from the cortex, however, the spatial resolution of the technique is low (~1-2 cm). Spatial coverage can be increased by using arrays of emitters and detectors. Paper proposed a system for measurement of haemodynamic response from skull.
Bi-Criteria Priority based Particle Swarm Optimization workflow scheduling algorithm for cloud

Cloud Computing is based upon market oriented business model in which users can access the cloud services through Internet and pay only for what they use. Large scale scientific applications are often expressed as Workflows. Workflow tasks should be scheduled efficiently such that execution time as well as cost incurred by using a set of heterogeneous resources over cloud should be minimized. In this paper, we propose Bi-Criteria Priority based Particle Swarm Optimization (BPSO) to schedule workflow tasks over the available cloud resources that minimized the execution cost and the execution time under given the deadline and budget constraints. The proposed algorithm is evaluated using simulation with four different real world workflow applications and comparison is done with Budget Constrained Heterogeneous Earliest Finish Time (BHEFT) and standard PSO. The simulation results show that our scheduling algorithm significantly decreasing the execution cost of schedule as compared to BHEFT and PSO under the same Deadline and Budget Constraint and using same pricing model.
The Rhetoric of History

If I had entitled this paper "Footnotes, Quotations, and Name-lists," readers would, I fear, pass rapidly to the next contribution. But since I am going to discuss footnotes, quotations, and name-lists, I owe some explanation as to why I chose so odd and apparently incoherent a set of subjects, linked only by the fact that historians but not only historians use them. I have long been interested in what goes on between the time an historian says to himself: "Well, I guess I understand this matter about as well as I ever will, so I may as well start writing," and the time he lays down his pen ruefully beside a stack of scrawled pages and says: "Well, it's a damned bad job, but it's about as good as I can do, so that's that. " In the intervening time the historian has been trying to find suitable ways to impart to others what he believes he understood; he has been writing history. This activity once had a name; it was called historiography. In recent years that name has been ruthlessly misappropriated, and its meaning drastically altered. Historiography has been used to designate the history of what at one time or another historians have written about the past. Thus understood, it is a special kind of intellectual history or a branch or perhaps a twig of the sociology of knowledge. I am simply reappropriating the term to its original use, since there is no other single term to describe the process of writing history. On the face of it, the outcome of writing history, the rhetoric of history, is unmistakably different from the rhetoric of, say, physics or lyric poetry. Whatever an historian may profess that he is up to when he writes history, the result of his activity, an article, say, in the American Historical Review, does not look at all like an article in the Physical Review or an epic poem or a sonnet. Indeed if it does look like either a physicist's paper or a poet's sonnet, its chance of publication in the American Historical Review is fairly slim. And since the serious commitment of craftsmen is better revealed by their common activity than by their often idiosyncratic individual professions of intent, from the look of what they write it appears that historians are committed to writing in a different way, committed to a different rhetoric, from what science as exemplified by the physicists, or belles lettres as ex-
Establishing leaf polarity: the role of small RNAs and positional signals in the shoot apex

The flattening of leaves results from the juxtaposition of upper (adaxial) and lower (abaxial) domains in the developing leaf primordium. The adaxial-abaxial axis reflects positional differences in the leaf relative to the meristem and is established by redundant genetic pathways that interpret this asymmetry through instructive, possibly non-cell autonomous, signals. Small RNAs have been found to play a crucial role in this process, and specify mutually antagonistic fates. Here, we review both classical and recently-discovered factors that contribute to leaf polarity, as well as the candidate positional signals that their existence implies.
A Cloud Computing Platform for Data Analysis Based on R Cluster

Translation of Data analysis algorithms from data analysis language to high-level programming language is hard work when we construct a cloud computing platform for data analysis. It adds implementation difficulty and maintenance cost of constructing the platform. This paper suggests a new method to use the popular data analysis language R directly on constructing a cloud computing platform. By using resource virtualization techniques, computing resource environment is virtualized into R cluster based on given configurations. By allocating different R machines from R cluster to specified data analysis service, we solve the problem that data analysis algorithms implemented in R should be run in single-user mode only and cannot be customized. After verification, this method simplifies the work of translating data analysis algorithms and speeds up the process of constructing a cloud computing platform for data analysis.
ARE THERE CRITICAL USES OF GLOVES IN TERMS OF SELF-PROTECTION?

VOLUME 39 | NUMBER 3 | MAY/JUNE 2016 241 Dear Editor, Attention to hygiene rules to reduce the development of infections in intensive care units (ICUs) is important ( Helder, Brug, Looman, van Goudoever, & Kornelisse, 2010 ). Enterobius vermicularis is an intestinal helminth that is transmitted by eating eggs containing larva. In this case, we report autoinoculation of Enterobius vermicularis from the patient’s diaper to her nose. An 85-year-old woman was admitted to the hospital with end-stage liver disease. She was intubated because of increased respiratory distress. After intubation, she was placed on mechanical ventilation due to pneumonia and sepsis and transferred to the ICU. She had a diagnosis of liver disease caused by hepatitis B virus 8 years ago. We distinguished worms in her nose a week after ICU which were localized in her nares on intranasal examination ( Figure 1 ). There were no worms in the oropharynx. Enterobius vermicularis in nasal colonization is rare. We found only one case in the literature for nose colonization ( Kaniyur et al., 2005 ). Enterobius vermicularis colonized in the nose was not an expected finding in our patient. In ICU patients, the most effective way to provide protection against both bacterial infections and infestations is paying attention to the rules of hygiene. To prevent transmission of microorganisms, hand hygiene is the most important step. The use of gloves is critical to nurses and doctors in terms of self-protection ( Pittet, 2001 ). Using the same glove after contact with infected areas in patients may cause autoinoculation. In this case, we report autoinoculation of Enterobius vermicularis from the patient’s diaper to her nose.
Organization of gustatory sensitivities in hamster superior laryngeal nerve fibers.

1. Mammalian taste receptors are distributed within several distinct subpopulations, innervated by branches of cranial nerves VII, IX, and X. Most gustatory electrophysiology has focused on input from the fungiform papillae on the anterior portion of the tongue, carried by the chorda tympani branch of the VIIth nerve. However, laryngeal taste buds in the hamster are as numerous as those in the fungiform papillae. Gustatory fibers in the hamster's chorda tympani and glossopharyngeal nerves have been well characterized. In comparison with these taste fibers, much less is known about the chemical sensitivities of fibers innervating laryngeal taste buds. 2. Action potentials were recorded from 65 individual fibers in the superior laryngeal nerve (SLN) of the hamster. Stimuli were distilled H2O and five concentrations each of sucrose, NaCl, HCl, and quinine hydrochloride (QHCl). All stimuli except the NaCl series were made in physiological saline (0.154 M NaCl) and were delivered from the laryngeal side of the epiglottis via a tracheal cannula. Responses were quantified as the number of impulses in 10 s minus the responses in the preceding 10 s of baseline activity during a rinse with physiological saline. 3. Distilled H2O, HCl, and NaCl were by far the most excitatory stimuli, with mean responses across all cells 5-10 times greater than those evoked by sucrose or QHCl. The order of effectiveness of the strongest concentrations of the stimuli was H2O greater than 0.03 M HCl greater than 1.0 M NaCl much greater than 0.03 M QHCl greater than 1.0 M sucrose. 4. The mean concentration-response function for NaCl was U shaped, with the greatest number of impulses to distilled H2O and 1.0 M NaCl. The responses diminished as the concentrations approached physiological levels (0.154 M NaCl), where there was no response, and increased as NaCl concentration rose above this level. Increasing concentrations of HCl above 0.0003 M elicited increasing responses in these fibers. 5. The mean time course of the responses to distilled H2O and to hypotonic NaCl solutions (0.01 and 0.03 M) peaked in the first few seconds and then declined slowly. This was distinct from the time course of the responses to hypertonic NaCl concentrations (0.3 and 1.0 M), which increased gradually throughout the 10-s response period. Responses to HCl peaked in the initial second and then decayed rapidly to a slowly declining plateau. These distinctively different time courses suggest different receptor mechanisms for water, salt, and acid stimuli. 6. The across-fiber pattern of the responses to hypotonic NaCl solutions correlated strongly to that elicited by distilled H2O. (ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)
Prevalence of Natural Polymorphisms at the HCV Ns5A Gene Associated with Resistance to Daclatasvir, An Ns5A Inhibitor

Background Daclatasvir (BMS-790052) is an investigational molecule that inhibits the HCV NS5A protein and shows potent antiviral activity apparently across all HCV genotypes. Selection of drug resistance mutations has been reported only for HCV genotype 1, and no information exists for other HCV variants and/or in HIV–HCV-coinfected individuals. Methods All interferon-α-naive, HIV–HCV-coinfected patients newly attended at Hospital Carlos III (Madrid, Spain) in 2011 were identified. Changes reported to be associated with daclatasvir resistance in the in vitro replication system for HCV genotype/subtypes 1a/1b (M28T, Q30H/R, L31F/M/V, P32L and Y93C/H/N) were examined. Results A total of 78 HIV–HCV-coinfected individuals as well as 635 NS5A sequences deposited at Los Alamos HCV database were analysed. None of the NS5A sequences from HCV-1a or HCV-3 showed changes associated with daclatasvir resistance. By contrast, all NS5A sequences from HCV-4 harboured L31M. The double mutant L31M+Y93H was found in 7% of HCV-1b and 13% of HCV-4. Finally, all NS5A sequences from HCV-1b and HCV-4 harboured changes at codon 28 (M28L) and 30 (L30R), which are of unknown significance. The rate of all these NS5A polymorphisms did not differ significantly when comparing HIV–HCV-coinfected patients and sequences from HCV- monoinfected subjects deposited at Los Alamos HCV database. Conclusions Primary resistance mutations to daclatasvir, an investigational HCV NS5A inhibitor, are not seen in HCV-1a or in HCV-3 as natural polymorphisms. By contrast, they can be recognized in most HCV-1b and HCV-4 strains, regardless HIV coinfection.
DETECTION OF NONEXUDATIVE CHOROIDAL NEOVASCULARIZATION IN AGE-RELATED MACULAR DEGENERATION WITH OPTICAL COHERENCE TOMOGRAPHY ANGIOGRAPHY

Purpose: To evaluate eyes with age-related macular degeneration and high-risk characteristics for choroidal neovascularization (CNV) with optical coherence tomographic (OCT) angiography to determine whether earlier detection of CNV is possible. Methods: Eyes with drusen, pigmentary changes, and with CNV in the fellow eye were scanned with a 70-kHz spectral domain OCT system (Optovue RTVue-XR Avanti). The split-spectrum amplitude-decorrelation angiography (SSADA) algorithm was used to distinguish blood flow from static tissue. Two masked graders reviewed scans for CNV, defined as flow in the outer retinal/sub-RPE slab. Choroidal neovascularization flow area repeatability and between-grader reproducibility were calculated. Results: Of 32 eyes, 2 (6%) were found to have Type 1 CNV with OCT angiography. The lesions were not associated with leakage on fluorescein angiography or fluid on OCT. One case was followed for 8 months without treatment, and the CNV flow area enlarged slightly without fluid buildup on OCT or vision loss. Between-grader reproducibility of the CNV flow area was 9.4% (coefficient of variation) and within-visit repeatability was 5.2% (pooled coefficient of variation). Conclusion: Optical coherence tomographic angiography can detect the presence of nonexudative CNV, lesions difficult to identify with fluorescein angiography and OCT. Further study is needed to understand the significance and natural history of these lesions.
EXACT SOLUTIONS FOR CHEMICALLY REACTIVE SPECIES IN CASSON FLUID PAST AN EXPONENTIALLY ACCELERATED SURFACE WITH NEWTONIAN HEATING IN THE PRESENCE OF THERMAL RADIATION

Abstract An exact analysis of heat transfer accompanied by mass transfer flow of a Casson fluid past an exponentially accelerated infinite vertical plate with Newtonian heating in the presence of radiation is presented here. The governing coupled linear partial differential equations are transformed into linear ordinary differential equations by using non-dimensional variables. The resulting equations have been solved analytically using Laplace-transform technique. Closed form solutions are obtained for velocity, temperature and concentration profiles for different governing parameters. The paper intends to show unique results for a combination of heat transfer and chemical reaction in a Casson fluid flow. Expressions for shear stress in terms of Skin friction, the rate of heat transfer in terms of Nusselt number and mass transfer in terms of Sherwood number are also obtained. All the numerical results with various values of embedded flow parameters are analyzed graphically and their physical aspects are discussed in detail.
Vitamin D and osteosarcopenia: an update from epidemiological studies

Purpose of review The review summarizes recent epidemiological studies that examined the relationship between osteoporosis and sarcopenia to assess the impact of vitamin D status or supplementation on health outcomes related to these two medical conditions. Recent findings Osteoporosis and sarcopenia are major public health problems, but whether these two diseases should be considered alone or combined into a single condition is not clear. No consensual definition of osteosarcopenia is largely accepted. Most observational studies demonstrate some relationship between muscle and bone health. Vitamin D status is generally lower in study participants with bone or muscle wasting. Studies on the effects of vitamin D supplementation on muscle or bone health have provided conflicting results, likely because of the heterogeneity between studies. However, the most positive results were observed in study participants with low vitamin D status and in studies that avoided massive boluses of vitamin D. Summary More observational and interventional studies are needed to confirm the exact role of vitamin D in the pathophysiology and treatment of osteosarcopenia.