Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Current understanding of the role of Epstein–Barr virus in lymphomagenesis and therapeutic approaches to EBV-associated lymphomas

A heterogeneous group of malignancies are associated with Epstein–Barr virus (EBV) infection. These malignancies arise in both immunosuppressed and immunocompetent individuals and can be divided into three patterns of latency depending on the viral genes that are expressed. In Type III latency malignancies, such as post-transplant lymphoproliferative disorder (PTLD), EBV has a direct role and the activated B-cell phenotype is characterised by high-level expression of all the immunodominant EBV latency proteins. Thus, EBV-infected B cells are good targets for EBV-specific cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTLs). New immune-based treatments for PTLD include transfer of ex vivo generated autologous EBV-specific CTLs or, in the case of bone marrow transplant recipients, donor-derived EBV-specific T cells. This strategy could, perhaps, also work in Type II latency malignancies, where EBV acts like a cofactor rather than having a direct role. In initial studies, T cells specific for the weakly immunogenic latent membrane protein 2 have been expanded ex vivo and have promoted tumor regression in a subset of patients. Another potential therapeutic strategy could be to try to induce lytic EBV infection in the tumor cells. This could be done by targeting genes that switch the EBV-infected B cells from the latent to the lytic cycle.
Convex Synthesis of Multivariable Static Discrete-Time Anti-Windup Via the Jury-Lee Criterion

Abstract Due to its ease of application, the circle criterion has been widely used to guarantee the stability of many anti-windup schemes. While the Popov criterion gives less conservative results, it has been conjectured in the literature that it cannot be used for convex anti-windup synthesis. This paper shows that the conjecture does not necessarily apply in the discrete-time setting. We show how the search for optimal parameters corresponding to the Jury-Lee criterion (a discrete counterpart of the Popov criterion) can be formulated as a convex search via a linear matrix inequality (LMI). The result is then extended to two existing multivariable static anti-windup schemes with stable open-loop plants. Two numerical examples of multivariable anti-windup controller synthesis are provided, and it is shown that in both cases the synthesis using the Jury-Lee criterion can allow better performance than existing methods which use the circle criterion alone.
Understanding the psychological health and well-being benefits of physical activity in nature: an ecological dynamics analysis

Abstract There is growing evidence that contact with nature and physical activity in nature have considerable benefits for human health. Exposure to nature has been shown to improve psychological well-being, relieve stress, increase positive mood, enhance life skills, reduce mental fatigue, increase concentration, and reduce aggression. In this paper, we propose a functional perspective from ecological dynamics, which emphasizes the person-environment scale of analysis for understanding the psychological benefits of physical activity in nature. From this viewpoint, psychological benefits of green exercise emerge from a rich landscape of affordances or behavioral opportunities during interactions with natural environments to enhance human health and well-being. Key Words: Nature—Ecological dynamics—Affordances—Psychological well-being—Physical activity.
Differential Attachment to and Subsequent Contamination of Agricultural Crops by Salmonella enterica

ABSTRACT U.S. salmonellosis outbreaks have occurred following consumption of tomato and cantaloupe but not lettuce. We report differential contamination among agricultural seedlings by Salmonella enterica via soil. Members of the family Brassicaceae had a higher incidence of outbreak than carrot, lettuce, and tomato. Once they were contaminated, phyllosphere populations were similar, except for tomato. Contamination differences exist among tomato cultivars.
Effects of Facial Attractiveness, Gender, and Competence of Applicants on Job Recruitment

Many studies have shown that physical appearance has a strong effect on hiring decisions, but they have not simultaneously taken into account the applicant’s competence, the hierarchical status, and job sex type. Recruiters rated the hireability, utility, and desirability of eight applicants based on their resumes, which varied according to a 2 × 2 × 2 × 2 × 2 design with four within-subject variables (Gender × Attractiveness × High/Moderate Competence, Male/Female Sex-Typed Jobs) and one between-subjects variable (hierarchical status of the job: managerial/nonmanagerial). An univariate, repeated-measures analysis conducted on the composite score showed a main effect of attractiveness and competence. Globally, decision-makers gave more favorable ratings for male sex-typed jobs than for female sex-typed jobs and for low-status jobs than for high-status jobs. Attractiveness and competence had a more disadvantageous effect for female than for male sex-typed jobs.
Neo-Liberal Policy Agendas and the Problem of Inequality in Higher Education: The Ethiopian Case

Under the influence of the external policy pressure of donors such as the World Bank, higher education in Ethiopia has witnessed a series of institutional and system-wide reforms. This article reviews selected policy documents to show key neo-liberal policy agendas endorsed in the reforms and explicate how they have affected social equity in the subsystem. The analysis shows that higher education reforms in Ethiopia, primarily framed by concerns of economic efficiency, have constrained social equity in two important ways. First, at a discursive level, the problem of inequality is represented as a lack of access and a disadvantage in the human capital formation of the nation. Second, the drive for greater efficiency and reduced costs in the educational provision embedded in the reforms is inconsistent with the need for the financial and political commitments required to benefit marginalised members of the society through relevant equity instruments. If the equity policy provisions should be instrumental in ensuring participation, retention and successful completion, and thereby supporting the social mobility of disadvantaged groups, they need to draw on a broad social justice perspective.
The postpartum metabolic outcome of women with previous gestational diabetes mellitus.

BACKGROUND This study investigated postpartum metabolic abnormality in women with previous gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) and predictive factors for postpartum glucose intolerance. METHODS From March 2001 to February 2003, 127 prior-GDM women underwent a 75g oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) and metabolic assessment at least six weeks after delivery. To identify the predictors, clinical variables obtained at the time of GDM were compared. RESULTS The cumulative incidence rates of diabetes mellitus (DM) and abnormal glucose tolerance (AGT) i.e. impaired fasting glucose or impaired glucose tolerance, in women with previous GDM were 13.4% and 29.1%, respectively. Postpartum body mass index (BMI), total cholesterol, HDL cholesterol, triglycerides, blood pressure, waist-to-hip ratio and fasting C-peptide were not significantly different among DM, AGT and normal glucose tolerance (NGT) women. However, the C-peptide/glucose score was lower in DM than in AGT and NGT women (p < 0.01). DM or AGT women had higher prepregnancy BMI and fasting glucose level for 100g OGTT than NGT women (p < 0.05) at the time of GDM. The fasting glucose value was an independent risk factor. The cutoff point of three abnormal values in 100g OGTT provided 86% sensitivity and 43% specificity for the prediction of postpartum DM or AGT. CONCLUSIONS High prepregnancy BMI and increased glycemic deterioration at the time of GDM are found in women developing postpartum DM and AGT. The fasting glucose value for 100g OGTT is an independent risk factor and more than three abnormal glucose values offers good diagnostic efficacy in predicting postpartum glucose intolerance.
Escala de contágio emocional: Adaptação ao contexto brasileiro

Emotional Contagion Scale: adaptation to Brazilian Context This study aimed at adapting the Emotional Contagion Scale to the Brazilian context. Specifically, it intended (1) to know its factor structure and reliability, (2) to test different theoretical models (uni-factor and multifactor), and (3) to know if the scores on the emotional contagion factors vary according to the gender of the participants. Participated 299 subjects, mostly of them female (66%) and undergraduates (88.3%), with mean age of 26.4 years. They answered the following measures: Self-Construal Scale, Embarrassment Questionnaire, and Emotional Contagion Scale, as well as five demographic questions (sex, age, educational level, occupation, and ethnic group). The principal components analysis suggested the existence of a unifactor structure of the emotional contagion, which factor loadings ranging from . 31 to . 64. This factor account for 25% of the total variance, with a reliability (α ) of . 82. However, when the different theoretical models were compared, the multi-factor ones were more adequate. Therefore, it was opted for the model with five first-order factors and two second-order factors, defined as positive emotions (α = .64; love, α = .56; and happiness, α = .52) and negative emotions (α = .73; fear, α = .52; anger, α = .61; and sadness, α = .60), χ² (84) = 238.69, p < . 001, χ² / d.f. = 2.84, GFI = . 90, AGFI = . 86, RMSEA = . 079 (CI90% = .067-.090). It was observed that women presented higher emotional contagion than men, independent of the considered factor. It was concluded that the Emotional Contagion Scale presented satisfactory psychometric parameters, coherent with the ones observed by the author of the original version.
APA: denunciation and accommodation of abusive interrogations: a lesson for world Psychology

In the wake of the air attacks on the United States in September 2001, countert- errorism policy in the George W. Bush Administration involved psychologists in design and implementation of abusive interrogations of foreign detainees. The American Psychological Association (APA) has firmly declared psychologist involvement in torture unethical, while simultaneously creating loopholes to accommodate psychologists' involvement. We explain this contradiction in terms of the historic rise of United States psychology in military set- tings and the resulting institutional entanglements. We close with a recommendation for an ethical and instrumental contribution of psychological expertise to national security inter- rogations. We appeal to international readers to take a lesson for world psychology from the tragedy of APA facilitation of abusive interrogations.
Frame disputes in environmental controversies: The case of wetland regulations in Louisiana

Stakeholder groups’ arguments for or against regulations represent frames, or versions of reality and visions of solutions. Frame effectiveness, or the ability of a group convincingly to convey its grievances, increases its opportunities to gain valuable resources such as legitimacy, money, facilities, and labor to apply to its agenda for change. This paper uses the constructionist perspective to describe the basic frames advanced by each major group in a contemporary environmental controversy: the role of government in regulating wetland use in Louisiana. Using 91 semis‐tructured interviews as the main data, this paper discusses stakeholder frames from regulatory, regulated, and environmentalist positions and the rhetorical strategies hidden within each group's frames. This paper suggests that the regulated community has greater interpretive dominance in the wetlands controversy than regulators and environmentalists/concerned citizens because the community advances a more diverse set of frames, more effe.
Nutritional studies of children with pica. I Controlled study evaluating nutritional status.

Thirty Negro children with pica were compared nutritionally with 28 control children from the same socioeconomic background. The following findings were statistically significant: lower hemoglobin concentrations, lower levels of ascorbic acid in plasma, less adequate diets, more reported respiratory illness, more recorded days of hospitalization, and more recorded anemia in infancy. No difference was detected between the two groups in clinical evaluation of nutrition or in the number of physical defects. Evidence from anthropometry showed no inferiority in the pica group. Ancillary information indicated that many unfavorable familial and environmental circumstances were also associated with pica, as well as certain behavior disorders of childhood, especially those involving orality. In a double-blind experiment 16 children with pica received suitable doses of iron given intramuscularly, and 16 received similar injections of saline solution. Iron was not significantly more effective than saline solution in curing or improving the habit of pica. There was no correlation between changes in pica and changes in hemoglobin concentration. At 2 to 3 months after the treatment period, 10 treated children and 8 controls were without pica. The improvement in hemoglobin concentration was significantly greater in the treated group, but improvement in pica was approximately the same and highly significant in both groups. At 13 to 27 months after the treatment period, 11 of 14 children remaining in the treated group and 9 of 13 remaining controls were reported to be without pica. There were five severe relapses, two in the treated group and three in the controls, all of which took place in children with initial levels of hemoglobin above 10.5 gm/100 ml. These five children also came from the most seriously disturbed family situations in the whole series. If iron medication is a factor in curing certain cases of pica, the number of such cases in the present series is not sufficient to affect the statistical results.
Staphylococcal response to oxidative stress

Staphylococci are a versatile genus of bacteria that are capable of causing acute and chronic infections in diverse host species. The success of staphylococci as pathogens is due in part to their ability to mitigate endogenous and exogenous oxidative and nitrosative stress. Endogenous oxidative stress is a consequence of life in an aerobic environment; whereas, exogenous oxidative and nitrosative stress are often due to the bacteria's interaction with host immune systems. To overcome the deleterious effects of oxidative and nitrosative stress, staphylococci have evolved protection, detoxification, and repair mechanisms that are controlled by a network of regulators. In this review, we summarize the cellular targets of oxidative stress, the mechanisms by which staphylococci sense oxidative stress and damage, oxidative stress protection and repair mechanisms, and regulation of the oxidative stress response. When possible, special attention is given to how the oxidative stress defense mechanisms help staphylococci control oxidative stress in the host.
Simple biophysics underpins collective conformations of the intrinsically disordered proteins of the Nuclear Pore Complex

Nuclear Pore Complexes (NPCs) are key cellular transporter that control nucleocytoplasmic transport in eukaryotic cells, but its transport mechanism is still not understood. The centerpiece of NPC transport is the assembly of intrinsically disordered polypeptides, known as FG nucleoporins, lining its passageway. Their conformations and collective dynamics during transport are difficult to assess in vivo. In vitro investigations provide partially conflicting results, lending support to different models of transport, which invoke various conformational transitions of the FG nucleoporins induced by the cargo-carrying transport proteins. We show that the spatial organization of FG nucleoporin assemblies with the transport proteins can be understood within a first principles biophysical model with a minimal number of key physical variables, such as the average protein interaction strengths and spatial densities. These results address some of the outstanding controversies and suggest how molecularly divergent NPCs in different species can perform essentially the same function. DOI: http://dx.doi. org/10.7554/eLife.10785. 001
Handbook of psychotherapy case formulation

Psychotherapy case formulation - history and current status, Eells the traditional psychoanalytic approach to case formulation, Messer and Wolitzky the core conflictual relationship theme - a basic case formulation method, Luborsky cyclical maladaptive patterns - case formulation in time-limited dynamic psychotherapy, Levenson and Strupp the plan formulation method, Curtis and Silberschatz the idiographic conflict formulation method, Perry configurational analysis - states of mind, person schemas and the control of ideas and affect, Horowitz and Eells case formulation in interpersonal psychotherapy of depression, Markowitz et al interpersonal case formulation - describing and explaining interpersonal patterns using the structural analysis of social behaviour, Henry plan analysis, Caspar case formulation in cognitive analytic therapy, Ryle and Bennett cognitive behavioural case formulation, Persons and Tompkins case formulation in dialectical behaviour therapy for borderline personality disorder, Koerner and Linehan case formulation in behaviour therapy - problem-solving and functional analytic strategies, Nezu et al.
Horsing Around on Saturn

Abstract: On the basis of simple statistical mechanical models, the prevailing view of the rings of Saturn is that they are unstable and must therefore have been formed rather recently. In this paper, we argue that the Saturn rings and inner moons are in much more stable orbits than previously thought and, therefore, that they likely formed together as part of the initial formation of the solar system. To make this argument, we give a detailed description of so‐called horseshoe orbits and show that this horseshoeing phenomenon greatly stabilizes the rings of Saturn. This paper is part of a collaborative effort with E. Belbruno and J.R. Gott III. For a description of their part of the work, see their papers in these proceedings.
Hypothermia to reduce neurological damage following coronary artery bypass surgery.

BACKGROUND Coronary artery bypass surgery (CABG) may be life saving, but known side effects include neurological damage and cognitive impairment. The temperature used during cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) may be important with regard to these adverse outcomes, where hypothermia is used as a means of neuroprotection. OBJECTIVES To assess the effectiveness of hypothermia during CABG in reducing neurological damage and subsequent cognitive deficits. SEARCH STRATEGY The Cochrane Controlled Trials Register was searched for randomised controlled trials (RCT) and this was updated by searching MEDLINE and EMBASE to December 1999 using database specific RCT filters. Reference lists of retrieved articles were searched and experts in the field were contacted. SELECTION CRITERIA Only RCTs were considered. All patients undergoing CABG, either first time or revisions, elective or emergency procedures, were included. Any hypothermia protocol was considered. Only trials reporting neurological outcomes were included. DATA COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS Studies were selected independently and data were extracted from the source papers independently by two reviewers. Authors were contacted for further information. Studies were combined with meta-analysis where appropriate, and meta-regression was used to explore heterogeneity. MAIN RESULTS There was a trend towards a reduction in the incidence of non fatal strokes in the hypothermic group (OR 0.68 (0.43, 1.05)). Conversely, there was a trend for the number of non stroke related perioperative deaths to be higher in the hypothermic group (OR 1.46 (0.9, 2.37)). Hypothermia had no effect on the incidence of non fatal myocardial infarction (OR 1.05 (0.81, 1.37)), but the incidence of another marker of myocardial damage, low output syndrome, was higher in the hypothermic group (OR 1.21 (0.99, 1.48). When pooling all "bad" outcomes (stroke, perioperative death, myocardial infarction, low output syndrome, intra aortic balloon pump use) there was no significant advantage of either hypothermia or normothermia (OR 1.07 (0.92, 1.24)). Only 4 of 17 trials reported neuropsychological function as an outcome. REVIEWER'S CONCLUSIONS This review could find no definite advantage of hypothermia over normothermia in the incidence of clinical events. Hypothermia was associated with a reduced stroke rate, but this is off set by a trend towards an increase in non stroke related perioperative mortality and myocardial damage. There is insufficient data to date to draw any conclusions about the use of mild hypothermia. Similarly, there is insufficient data to date to comment on the effect of temperature during CPB on subtle neurological deficits, and further trials are needed in these areas.
THE IMPACT OF COMMUNICATION MEDIA ON NEGOTIATION OUTCOMES

Our need to understand the impact of communication media on negotiation is growing as technological advances offer negotiators more communication options. As access to technologies such as computer chat and videoconferencing increases, negotiators are choosing to use or to avoid these media without knowing the impact of their choices on negotiations. This research assesses objective and subjective negotiation outcomes, such as profit and outcome satisfaction, across four communication media with varying levels of media richness (face‐to‐face, videoconference, telephone, and computer‐mediated communication). A conceptual framework is offered to illustrate how media richness impacts objective and subjective outcomes. Results suggest that media richness affects required bargaining time, outcome satisfaction and the desire for future negotiation interaction. Thus, the communication media for negotiations should be chosen with care.
The Diabetes Regimen Responsibility Scale: Information on Internal Consistency and Validity in a Pediatric Sample

The internal consistency and validity of the Diabetes Regimen Responsibility Scale (DRRS) were examined in a sample of 49 youths. The DRRS demonstrated adequate internal consistency, and most subscales correlated significantly with diabetes knowledge. Only the parent report on the insulin administration scale and the child report on dietary management correlated with metabolic control (glycosylated hemoglobin, HbA1c). Implications for research and practice are discussed.