Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
A Longitudinal Analysis of the Connection Between Oral Language and Early Reading

Abstract To clarify the relationship between oral language and early reading development, the authors administered to 39 children a broad range of oral language measures in 3 areas (metalinguistics, structural language, and narrative discourse); measures of background variables (IQ, socioeconomic status, ethnicity, gender, family literacy); and measures of reading ability (word recognition, pseudoword reading, passage comprehension) in kindergarten and in 1st and 2nd grades. The authors used regression analyses to identify parsimonious models that explained variance in early reading. The main finding of the study was that semantic abilities (i.e., oral definitions and word retrieval), not phonological awareness, predicted 2nd-grade reading comprehension. As expected, phonological awareness skill in kindergarten predicted single-word reading at 1st and 2nd grades. The finding that semantic skills predicted passage comprehension suggests that the importance of different oral language skills to early reading varies as a function of language domain, reading skill, and measurement point.
Resistance of carcinogenic organic compounds to oxidation by activated sludge.

Contact with and ingestion of cer tain chemical compounds have been shown to cause cancer in animals. The compounds known to be carcinogenic for laboratory animals have been tabu lated by Hartwell (1) and Shubik and Hartwell (2). In recent years there have been numerous attempts to isolate carcino genic compounds from natural waters and wastewaters. Shimkin, Koe, and Zechmeister (3) reported the presence of 3,4-benzpyrene in extracts from barnacles growing on pilings in San Francisco Bay. Hueper and Ruchhoft (4) demonstrated the presence of car cinogenic pollutants in water. Ruch hoft et al. (5) identified petroleum re finery wastes in receiving waters. Wedgewood and Cooper (6), in a study of sewage sludges and industrial plant effluents, recovered various poly cyclic hydrocarbons, including the car cinogens 3,4-benzpyrene and 1,2-benz anthracene. In a series of articles from 1959 to 1962, Borneff and his co-workers (7) (8) (9) demonstrated the presence of the carcinogens 2-naphthylamine, 3,4 benzpyrene, 1,2,5,6-dibenzanthracene, 20-methylcholanthrene, and 9,10-di methyl-l,2-benzanthracene in surface
Accuracy of FDG-PET/CT for Detection of Incidental Pre-Malignant and Malignant Colonic Lesions - Correlation with Colonoscopic and Histopathologic Findings.

PURPOSE We evaluated all PET/CTs acquired for patients without a primary diagnosis of colorectal cancer, and compared results for those who had subsequent colonoscopy within 6 months, to assess the accuracy of FDG PET/CT for detection of incidental pre-malignant polyps and malignant colon cancers. MATERIALS AND METHODS Medical records of 9,545 patients who underwent F-18 FDG PET/CT studies over 3.5 years were retrospectively reviewed. Due to pre-existing diagnosis of colorectal cancer, 818 patients were excluded. Of the remainder, 157 patients had colonoscopy within 6 months (79 males; mean age 61). We divided the colon into 4 regions and compared PET/CT results for each region with colonoscopy and histopathologic findings. True positive lesions included colorectal cancer, villous adenoma, tubulovillous adenoma, tubular adenoma and serrated hyperplastic polyp/hyperplastic polyposis. RESULTS Of 157 patients, 44 had incidental colonic uptake on PET/CT (28%). Of those, 25 had true positive (TP) uptake, yielding a 48% positive predictive value (PPV); 9% (4/44) were adenocarcinoma. There were 23 false positive (FP) lesions of which 4 were hyperplastic polyps, one was a juvenile polyp and 7 were explained by diverticulitis. Fifty eight patients had false negative PET scans but colonoscopy revealed true pre-malignant and malignant pathology, yielding 23% sensitivity. The specificity, negative predictive value (NPV) and accuracy were 96%, 90% and 87%, respectively. The average SUVmax values of TP, FP and FN lesions were 7.25, 6.11 and 2.76, respectively. There were no significant difference between SUVmax of TP lesions and FP lesions (p>0.95) but significantly higher than in FN lesions (p<0.001). The average size (by histopathology and colonoscopy) of TP lesions was 18.1 mm, statistically different from that of FN lesions which was 5.9 mm (p<0.001). Fifty-one percent of FN lesions were smaller than 5 mm (29/57) and 88% smaller than 10 mm (50/57). CONCLUSIONS The high positive predictive value of incidental focal colonic FDG uptake of 48% for colonic neoplasia suggests that colonoscopy follow-up is warranted with this finding. We observed a low sensitivity of standardly acquired FDG-PET/CT for detecting small polyps, especially those less than 5 mm. Clinicians and radiologists should be aware of the high PPV of focal colonic uptake reflecting pre-malignant and malignant lesions, and the need for appropriate follow up.
Acoustic analysis of friendly speech

To provide acoustic information of affective speech for computer modelling, this study conducted an investigation on the friendly Mandarin Chinese speech. Based on the perceptually classified friendly and neutral speech data, spectral, tonal and durational analyses were conducted at different phonetic levels. The distinctive acoustic features of friendly speech were sifted out and followed by tentative discussions.
Parties and Governance—Extending the Territory?

Abstract Multi-level governance has affected political parties as much as other institutions. Created within nation-states as the latter developed democratic structures, they sought to represent the interests of groups deriving from the societal cleavages found everywhere as modernization occurred across Europe. At the same time they developed material bases and interests of their own. To enhance these and to continue representing their core supporters, they have always been ready to move into new arenas, first the sub-national and latterly the EU level. The transnational parties (TNP) created by all political families at this level are vehicles for seeking new influence. But just as national governments have yielded sovereignty only with reluctance, so the national parties that run the TNP have kept for themselves most of the main facets of party activity. The main functions devolved to the TNP would seem to be elite networking, identity building and the socialization/induction of new members from enlargement states.
Communication and Attributions in a Crisis: An Experimental Study in Crisis Communication

This study provides a partial test of a symbolic approach to crisis management. The symbolic approach examines the strategies used to respond to crises. The study concentrated on the match between crisis type and crisis response strategy. An experimental design was used to explore how crisis type, organization performance history and crisis response were associated with the image of an organization. Additional analyses explored how causal attributions varied according to crisis type. For the cases tested, the results supported the use of the crisis response strategies recommended by the symbolic approach. The results of the experiment supported the basic assumptions of the approach. The implications and directions for future investigations using the symbolic model are discussed.
Math Anxiety

The United States is currently not producing enough graduates in science, technology, engineering, and math (STEM) fields to meet the demands of a technology-dependent society. Although there are many efforts in place to improve STEM education in the United States, most notably, President Obama’s Educate to Innovate campaign, these efforts focus mostly on innovating the teaching of math content and less on the role of affective factors in math achievement. Here we discuss a phenomenon known as math anxiety (i.e., negative feelings of tension and fear that many people experience when engaging in math) and the implications math anxiety carries for math success and STEM engagement. We begin by highlighting the most recent findings from research in psychology, education, and neuroscience on math anxiety. We then discuss the consequences of math anxiety as well as likely causes and promising remediations. We suggest that the initiatives currently underway to improve STEM involvement and achievement would benefit from educating current and future teachers, parents, and even students about math anxiety, its causes, consequences, and possibilities for amelioration.
Sequence-specific DNA-binding dominated by dehydration.

Fluorescence spectroscopy and isothermal titration calorimetry were used to study the thermodynamics of binding of the glucocorticoid receptor DNA-binding domain to four different, but similar, DNA-binding sites. The binding sites are two naturally occurring sites that differ in the composition of one base pair, i.e., an A-T to G-C mutation, and two sites containing chemical intermediates of these base pairs. The calorimetrically determined heat capacity change (Delta C(p)o(obs)) for glucocorticoid receptor DNA-binding domain binding agrees with that calculated for dehydration of solvent-accessible surface areas. A dominating effect of dehydration or solvent reorganization on the thermodynamics is also consistent with an observed linear relationship between observed enthalpy change (Delta Ho(obs)) and observed entropy change (Delta So(obs)) with a slope close to the experimental temperature. Comparisons with structural data allow us to rationalize individual differences between Delta Ho(obs) (and Delta So(obs)) for the four complexes. For instance, we find that the removal of a methyl group at the DNA-protein interface is enthalpically favorable but entropically unfavorable, which is consistent with a replacement by an ordered water molecule.
Flexible Dictionaries for Action Classification

We present a simple approach to action classification which constructs a vector quantization of primitive motions from time series data corresponding to relative limb position estimates. The temporal scale, mean, and shape of primitive motion trajectories are independently modeled, thus creating a exible dictionary of action primitives. We then explore two inference techniques that leverage our action dictionary representation, and evaluate their performance on both motion capture and video benchmark data. Our results indicate that even simplistic algorithms can outperform significantly more sophisticated ones in existing benchmark datasets.
History, Architecture, Environment: Cultural Heritage and Tourism

demographic and lifestyle shifts. He warned delegates about other changes they will need to recognize: an increasingly negative image of many Asia-Pacific destinations as overcrowded, expensive, and not hospitable; growing consumer frustration with a sense of &dquo;sameness&dquo; in destinations; frustrations with the hassles oftravel, particularly longwaits at all stages of air travel trip; and the trend towards more frequent but shorter trips (a market that Asia-Pacific destinations will
Coaches' and New Urban Teachers' Perceptions of Induction Coaching: Time, Trust, and Accelerated Learning Curves

Approximately 80% of new teachers have mentors, yet mentoring typically fails to foster new teachers' professional learning—particularly in high-poverty schools. This qualitative study was situated within an urban teacher residency context and explored how six first-year urban teachers and the two induction mentors with whom they worked perceived and experienced induction coaching. This study also seeks to understand the characteristics of mentored induction (called coaching) that facilitate or impede learning. Results indicate that mentoring contributed to new teachers' professional learning and that (a) trusting relationships were foundational to the coaching process and developed over time; (b) coaching was aligned with new teachers' needs and context; and (c) coaching was a scaffolded process that enhanced new teachers' ability to respond to immediate needs, as well as identify and work toward long-term instructional goals. Insights and recommendations are provided to guide the development of or strengthen induction programs. As mentored induction in high-poverty schools is typically insufficiently enacted, this study depicts how mentored induction can be conceptualized and executed in order to make a difference in new teachers' professional learning.
State-of-the-art in orthopaedic surgical navigation with a focus on medical image modalities

This paper presents a review of surgical navigation systems in orthopaedics and categorizes these systems according to the image modalities that are used for the visualization of surgical action. Medical images used to be an essential part of surgical education and documentation as well as diagnosis and operation planning over many years. With the recent introduction of navigation techniques in orthopaedic surgery, a new field of application has been opened. Today surgical navigation systems — also known as image-guided surgery systems — are available for various applications in orthopaedic surgery. They visualize the position and orientation of surgical instruments as graphical overlays onto a medical image of the operated anatomy on a computer monitor. Preoperative image data such as computed tomography scans or intraoperatively generated images (for example, ultrasonic, endoscopic or fluoroscopic images) are suitable for this purpose. A new category of medical images termed ‘surgeon-defined anatomy’ has been developed that exclusively relies upon the usage of navigation technology. Points on the anatomy are digitized interactively by the surgeon and are used to build up an abstract geometrical model of the bony structures to be operated on. This technique may be used when no other image data is available or appropriate for a given application. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Gravitropism in higher plants.

Since 1806, we have known that plant organs use gravity as a guide for growth ([Knight, 1806][1]). The gravity-directed growth process, called gravitropism, dictates upward shoot growth to ensure a proper positioning of the leaves for efficient photosynthesis and gas exchange. It also directs roots
Hsp90 Affecting Chromatin Remodeling Might Explain Transgenerational Epigenetic Inheritance in Drosophila

Transgenerational epigenetic inheritance, while poorly understood, is of great interest because it might help explain the increase in the incidence of diseases with an environmental contribution in humans, such as cancer, diabetes, and heart disease. Here, we review five Drosophila examples of transgenerational epigenetic inheritance and propose a unified mechanism that involves Polycomb Response Element/Trithorax Response Element (PRE/TRE) occupancy by either Polycomb Group (PcG) protein complexes or Trithorax group (TrxG) complexes. Among their other activities, PcG complexes cause histone 3 lysine 27 tri-methylation associated with repressed chromatin, whereas Trithorax group (TrxG) complexes induce histone 3 lysine 4 tri-methylation associated with actively transcribed chromatin. In this model, Hsp90 is an environmentally sensitive chromatin remodeling regulator that causes a switch in the chromatin from a permissive state to a non-permissive state for transcription. Consistent with this model, Hsp90 has recently been shown to be a chaperone for Tah1p (TPR-containing protein associated with Hsp90) and Pih1p (protein interacting with Hsp90), which connect to the chromatin remodelling factor Rvb1p (RuvB-like protein 1)/Rvb2p in yeast [1]. Also, Hsp90 is required for optimal activity of the histone H3 lysine-4 methyltransferase SMYD3 in mammals [2, 3]. Since PcG and TrxG complexes are involved in the post-translational modifications of histones, and since such modifications have been shown to be required to maintain imprinted marks, this unified mechanism might also help to explain transgenerational epigenetic inheritance in humans.
A Word Superiority Effect without Orthographic Assistance

In a binary classification task meaningful but unpronounceable letter strings were compared faster than meaningless strings. This effect obtained when only one member of a pair was meaingful and it increased with number of letters. These results suggest that analysis proceeds in parallel at various levels of the processing hierarchy with interaction between semantic and graphemic processes.
Trampolinists’ Self-controlled Use of a Feedforward Self-modeling Video in Competition

Our aim was to explore the use of a feedforward self-modeling (FF-SM) video in a competition setting: examining why it was viewed, its perceived benefits, and the frequency and timing of the viewings. At 3 competitions, 9 trampolinists (M = 12.7, SD = 1.6) were provided FF-SM videos of their trampoline routine. Logbooks revealed that 8 of 9 trampolinists viewed their video at each competition; approximately 5 times per competition. Interviews revealed that the video was predominantly viewed to assist with motor execution. Self-reported outcomes included improved performance and changes to self-regulatory processes (e.g., self-efficacy and task strategies).
Experience Report: A Component-Based Data Management and Knowledge Discovery Framework for Aviation Studies

Organizations are beginning to apply data mining and knowledge discovery techniques to their corporate data sets, thereby enabling the identification of trends and the discovery of inductive knowledge. Since traditional transaction databases are not optimized for analytical processing, they must be transformed. This article proposes the use of modular components to decrease the overall amount of human processing and intervention necessary for the transformation process. Our approach configures components to extract data-sets using a set of â€œextraction hints. â€ Our framework incorporates decentralized, generic components that are reusable across domains and databases. Finally, we detail an implementation of our component-based framework for an aviation data set.
Games for the Assessment and Treatment of Mental Health

The community for research on video games for assessment and intervention for mental health spans multiple disciplines, from cognitive sciences, computer science, and interaction design, to psychology, neurobiology, and medicine. The goal of this workshop is to bring together an international group of researchers to discuss the current state of games for mental health and formulate a plan for moving this research agenda forward in the CHI PLAY community. The workshop has the following objectives: Bring together an international group of researchers. Create an overview of current game-based approaches for the assessment and interventions of mental health. Discuss interests and directions for innovation. Identify overlap between research groups. Define a plan for knowledge exchange and collaboration between groups -- e.g., through internships, research visits, invited presentations, and formal and informal collaborations. Participants will have the opportunity to gain knowledge about the state of the international research community interested in game-based solutions for mental health. There will be opportunities to meet peers in different stages of their careers and discuss opportunities for future collaborations to consolidate a community in this emerging area.
Securitizing Women's Rights and Gender Equality

The field of international relations has long debated the meaning of security and its proper place in global politics (Ullman 1983). In recent years, this debate has focused on what should be considered in the realm of international security, and many scholars have made a practice out of securitizing issues that are not conventionally seen as matters of security. Issues, such as the environment (Deudney 1990; Kakonen 1994; Litfin 1999) and HIV/AIDS (Chen 2003; Elbe 2006; Price-Smith 2001; Prins 2004), are some of the nonmilitary issues that have been—for better or for worse—framed as international security concerns in both academic and policy circles. But while the security debate, especially in light of human rights discourse, is engaging conceptually (and even a useful teaching tool), as responsible scholars we must ask ourselves how the application of this security framework affects policy and practice for these nontraditional security issues. In other words, does the security framework really help bring global attention to issues and groups of people that are normally marginalized? Has it meant more resources and more involvement by state and non-state actors? Or has it resulted in narrow, self-interested, and even militaristic responses to complex social problems? This article sheds light on these questions by analyzing women and the issue of gender equality as it has been securitized by UN Security Council Resolution 1325. Using the securitization theory put forth by Buzan, Wæver, and de Wilde (1998), it empirically explores the benefits and drawbacks of this process within the context of women's activism in the UN both in terms of political efficacy and normative implications.
SCHIZOPHRENIA AS DIALOGUE AT THE ENDS OF ITS TETHER: THE RELATIONSHIP OF DISRUPTIONS IN IDENTITY WITH POSITIVE AND NEGATIVE SYMPTOMS

It has been widely observed that schizophrenia brings an experience of self-disintegration. Yet is this related to clinical manifestations of the disorder? It is extremely unlikely that one simply causes the other or that they are unrelated. We theorize that the experience of self-disintegration reflects a collapse of the capacity to maintain ongoing dialogue within and between persons and that two major symptom dimensions, positive and negative symptoms, may create or be exacerbated by diminishments in dialogical capacity. Thus, symptoms and disruptions in self-experience may be distinct in schizophrenia but also mutually affect one another via the thread of dialogical disturbance.
Free Radical Scavenging and Cellular Antioxidant Properties of Astaxanthin

Astaxanthin is a coloring agent which is used as a feed additive in aquaculture nutrition. Recently, potential health benefits of astaxanthin have been discussed which may be partly related to its free radical scavenging and antioxidant properties. Our electron spin resonance (ESR) and spin trapping data suggest that synthetic astaxanthin is a potent free radical scavenger in terms of diphenylpicryl-hydrazyl (DPPH) and galvinoxyl free radicals. Furthermore, astaxanthin dose-dependently quenched singlet oxygen as determined by photon counting. In addition to free radical scavenging and singlet oxygen quenching properties, astaxanthin induced the antioxidant enzyme paroxoanase-1, enhanced glutathione concentrations and prevented lipid peroxidation in cultured hepatocytes. Present results suggest that, beyond its coloring properties, synthetic astaxanthin exhibits free radical scavenging, singlet oxygen quenching, and antioxidant activities which could probably positively affect animal and human health.
Analysis of CK Metrics to predict Software Fault-Proneness using Bayesian Inference

The fault prediction model grants assistance during the software development by providing recourse to the present faults with the Bayesian Interference. All faults prediction techniques get a help in this study with the designing of Logistic regression model and Bayesian inference altogether. It is also told as fact that Bayesian inference graph can be represented for probabilistic approach for the faults both presented and identified for the upcoming release. For Probabilistic reliability analysis, Bayesian inference is intended to be evaluated for risk related data. These findings suggest that there is a relationship between faulty classes and object-oriented metrics. This study demonstrates as the performance evaluation technique for any piece of software. We examine the open source Eclipse system, which has a strong industrial usage. The focus of the study is to design Bayesian Inference graph and predict faults for next piece of software.