Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
K Nearest Neighbour Joins for Big Data on MapReduce: A Theoretical and Experimental Analysis

Given a point <inline-formula><tex-math notation="LaTeX">$p$</tex-math><alternatives> <inline-graphic xlink:type="simple" xlink:href="song-ieq1-2562627.gif"/></alternatives></inline-formula> and a set of points <inline-formula><tex-math notation="LaTeX">$S$</tex-math><alternatives> <inline-graphic xlink:type="simple" xlink:href="song-ieq2-2562627.gif"/></alternatives></inline-formula>, the kNN operation finds the <inline-formula><tex-math notation="LaTeX">$k$</tex-math></inline-formula> closest points to in <inline-formula><tex-math notation="LaTeX">$S$</tex-math><alternatives> <inline-graphic xlink:type="simple" xlink:href="song-ieq4-2562627.gif"/></alternatives></inline-formula>. It is a computational intensive task with a large range of applications such as knowledge discovery or data mining. However, as the volume and the dimension of data increase, only distributed approaches can perform such costly operation in a reasonable time. Recent works have focused on implementing efficient solutions using the MapReduce programming model because it is suitable for distributed large scale data processing. Although these works provide different solutions to the same problem, each one has particular constraints and properties. In this paper, we compare the different existing approaches for computing kNN on MapReduce, first theoretically, and then by performing an extensive experimental evaluation. To be able to compare solutions, we identify three generic steps for kNN computation on MapReduce: data pre-processing, data partitioning, and computation. We then analyze each step from load balancing, accuracy, and complexity aspects. Experiments in this paper use a variety of datasets, and analyze the impact of data volume, data dimension, and the value of k from many perspectives like time and space complexity, and accuracy. The experimental part brings new advantages and shortcomings that are discussed for each algorithm. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first paper that compares kNN computing methods on MapReduce both theoretically and experimentally with the same setting. Overall, this paper can be used as a guide to tackle kNN-based practical problems in the context of big data.
Multiple origins of outbreak populations of a native insect pest in an agro-ecosystem

Abstract Native insects can become epidemic pests in agro-ecosystems. A population genetics approach was applied to analyze the emergence and spread of outbreak populations of native insect species. Outbreaks of the mirid bug, Stenotus rubrovittatus, have rapidly expanded over Japan within the last two decades. To characterize the outbreak dynamics of this species, the genetic structure of local populations was assessed using polymorphisms of the mtDNA COI gene and six microsatellite loci. Results of the population genetic analysis suggested that S. rubrovittatus populations throughout Japan were genetically isolated by geographic distance and separated into three genetic clusters occupying spatially segregated regions. Phylogeographic analysis indicated that the genetic structure of S. rubrovittatus reflected post-glacial colonization. Early outbreaks of S. rubrovittatus in the 1980s occurred independently of genetically isolated populations. The genetic structure of the populations did not fit the pattern of an outbreak expansion, and therefore the data did not support the hypothesis that extensive outbreaks were caused by the dispersal of specific pestiferous populations. Rather, the historical genetic structure prior to the outbreaks was maintained throughout the increase in abundance of the mirid bug. Our study indicated that changes in the agro-environment induced multiple outbreaks of native pest populations. This implies that, given suitable environmental conditions, local populations may have the potential to outbreak even without invasion of populations from other environmentally degraded areas.
Performance analysis and evaluation of random walk algorithms on wireless networks

We propose a model of dynamically evolving random networks and give an analytical result of the cover time of the simple random walk algorithm on a dynamic random symmetric planar point graph. Our dynamic network model considers random node distribution and random node mobility. We analyze the cover time of the parallel random walk algorithm on a complete network and show by numerical data that k parallel random walks reduce the cover time by almost a factor of k. We present simulation results for four random walk algorithms on random asymmetric planar point graphs. These algorithms include the simple random walk algorithm, the intelligent random walk algorithm, the parallel random walk algorithm, and the parallel intelligent random walk algorithm. Our random network model considers random node distribution and random battery transmission power.
Meta-Analysis of Genome-Wide Gene Expression Differences in Onset and Maintenance Phases of Genetic Hypertension

Gene expression differences accompany both the onset and established phases of hypertension. By an integrated genome-transcriptome approach we performed a meta-analysis of data from 74 microarray experiments available on public databases to identify genes with altered expression in the kidney, adrenal, heart, and artery of spontaneously hypertensive and Lyon hypertensive rats. To identify genes responsible for the onset of hypertension we used a statistical approach that sought to eliminate expression differences that occur during maturation unrelated to hypertension. Based on this adjusted fold-difference statistic, we found 36 genes for which the expression differed between the prehypertensive phase and established hypertension. Genes having possible relevance to hypertension onset included Actn2, Ankrd1, ApoE, Cd36, Csrp3, Me1, Myl3, Nppa, Nppb, Pln, Postn, Spp1, Slc21a4, Slc22a2, Thbs4, and Tnni3. In established hypertension 102 genes exhibited altered expression after Bonferroni correction (P<0.05). These included Atp5o, Ech1, Fabp3, Gnb3, Ldhb, Myh6, Lpl, Pkkaca, Vegfb, Vcam1, and reduced nicotinamide-adenine dinucleotide dehydrogenases. Among the genes identified, there was an overrepresentation of gene ontology terms involved in energy production, fatty acid and lipid metabolism, oxidation, and transport. These could contribute to increases in reactive oxygen species. Our meta-analysis has revealed many new genes for which the expression is altered in hypertension, so pointing to novel potential causative, maintenance, and responsive mechanisms and pathways.
Practice parameters for the use of auto-titrating continuous positive airway pressure devices for titrating pressures and treating adult patients with obstructive sleep apnea syndrome. An American Academy of Sleep Medicine report.

Continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) is used to treat patients with the obstructive sleep apnea syndrome (OSAS). The current standard is for an attendant technician to titrate CPAP during full polysomnography to obtain a fixed single pressure. The patient uses CPAP nightly at this fixed single pressure. Recently, devices using new technology that automatically titrate positive airway pressure (APAP) have become available. Such devices continually adjust pressure, as needed, to maintain airway patency (APAP titration). These adjustments can be made with or without attendant technician intervention. Data obtained during APAP titration can be used to provide a fixed single pressure for subsequent treatment. Alternatively, APAP devices can be used in self-adjusting mode for treatment (APAP treatment). A task force of the Standards of Practice Committee of the American Academy of Sleep Medicine reviewed the available literature. Based on this review, the Standards of Practice Committee developed these practice parameters as a guide to the appropriate use of APAP. Recommendations are as follows: 1) A diagnosis of OSAS must be established by an acceptable method. 2) APAP titration and APAP treatment are not currently recommended for patients with congestive heart failure, significant lung disease (e.g., chronic obstructive pulmonary disease), daytime hypoxemia and respiratory failure from any cause, or prominent nocturnal desaturation other than from OSA (e.g., obesity hypoventilation syndrome). In addition, patients who do not snore (either due to palate surgery or naturally) should not be titrated with an APAP device that relies on vibration or sound in the device's algorithm. 3) APAP devices are not currently recommended for split-night studies since none of the reviewed research studies examined this issue. 4) Certain APAP devices may be used during attended titration to identify by polysomnography a single pressure for use with standard CPAP for treatment of OSA. 5) Once an initial successful attended CPAP or APAP titration has been determined by polysomnography, certain APAP devices may be used in the self-adjusting mode for unattended treatment of patients with OSA. 6) Use of unattended APAP to either initially determine pressures for fixed CPAP or for self-adjusting APAP treatment in CPAP naïve patients is not currently established. 7) Patients being treated with fixed CPAP on the basis of APAP titration or being treated with APAP must be followed to determine treatment effectiveness and safety, and 8) a re-evaluation and, if necessary, a standard attended CPAP titration should be performed if symptoms do not resolve or the CPAP or APAP treatment otherwise appears to lack efficacy.
Recommendations for the Establishment of Stroke Systems of Care: Recommendations From the American Stroke Association’s Task Force on the Development of Stroke Systems

Stroke continues to be a significant cause of morbidity and mortality in the United States. Approximately 700 000 Americans have a new or recurrent stroke each year, and stroke remains the third leading cause of death in the United States when considered independently from other cardiovascular diseases. Stroke also remains a leading cause of serious, long-term disability in the United States.1 Major advances have been made during the past several decades in stroke prevention, treatment, and rehabilitation. Despite successes in delivering effective new therapies, significant obstacles remain in ensuring that scientific advances are consistently translated into clinical practice. In many instances, these obstacles can be related to a fragmentation of stroke-related care caused by inadequate integration of the various facilities, agencies, and professionals that should closely collaborate in providing stroke care. There is increased emphasis on improving the components of stroke care, including recommendations from the Brain Attack Coalition for primary stroke centers and a formal process provided through the Joint Commission on Accreditation of Healthcare Organizations (JCAHO) for the certification of primary stroke centers.2–4 It is critically important to look carefully at how the distinct components can be better integrated into systems of stroke care. The American Stroke Association (ASA), a division of the American Heart Association (AHA), is dedicated to improving stroke prevention, treatment, and rehabilitation through research, education, advocacy, and the development and application of scientifically based standards and guidelines. The ASA convened a multidisciplinary group, the Task Force on the Development of Stroke Systems, to describe the current fragmentation of stroke care, to define the key components of a stroke system, and to recommend methods for encouraging the implementation of stroke systems. The term “stroke system” is used in this article to avoid the corporate and financial connotations associated with the words “network” and …
Fast Output Voltage-Regulated PWM Buck Converter With an Adaptive Ramp Amplitude Control

This brief presents a pulsewidth modulation buck converter with an adaptive ramp amplitude control. The proposed buck converter can improve the load transient response and the reference tracking speed. A chip was fabricated in a 0.18-μm CMOS technology. Measurement results showed that the overshoot/undershoot at the output during the load transient period was reduced by up to 57% for a 450-mA load current step and that the reference tracking speed was improved by up to 71% for a 1.5-V output voltage change. The measured maximum power conversion efficiency was 92.6% at 3-MHz switching frequency when input and output voltages are 3.3 and 2 V, respectively.
Optimum waveform design and simulation with energy constraint for elastic targets

In this paper, we apply the optimum waveform design method to meet the application of elastic targets detection and aim at enhance the target detection rate. The target is assumed to be Gaussian elastic targets and the clutter is assumed to be a stationary Gaussian random process. The detection problem then is described using Neyman-Pearson Detector. The waveform design solutions for elastic targets are given theoretically, and numerical simulated results are presented based on different transmit energy and comparison results between optimum signal and LFM signal are shown. Finally, the conclusions are drawn based on our analysis and simulations.
Multi-digit image synthesis using recurrent conditional variational autoencoder

In the field of deep neural networks, several generative methods have been proposed to address the challenges from generative and discriminative tasks, e.g., natural language process, image caption and image generation. In this paper, a conditional recurrent variational autoencoder is proposed for multi-digit image synthesis. This model is capable of generating multi-digit images from the given number sequences and retaining the generalisation ability to recover different types of background. Our method is evaluated on SVHN dataset and the experimental results show it succeeds to generate multi-digit images with various styles according to the given sequential inputs. The generated images can also be easily identified by both human beings and convolutional neural networks for digit classification.
Differences between Selfand Peer Ratings of Interpersonal Problems

Interpersonal problems are frequently a source of distress for individuals and the focus of psychotherapeutic interventions. A self-report circumplex measure, the Inventory of Interpersonal Problems-Circumplex (IIP-C), was modified for this investigation to acquire peer report data on interpersonal problems to help assess the validity of selfreported problems. The peer report data replicated the circumplex model of the IIP-C and when general interpersonal distress was removed (by ipsatizing), the data suggested that peers observed more domineering, vindictive, and emotionally cold types of problems than self-report (ipsatized) data. Individuals reported more other-pleasing, overly nurturant types of problems than peers observed. The findings both support the validity of the IIP-C and describe discrepancies in selfversus peer reported interpersonal problems. The results also describe differences in the general interpersonal distress factor accounted for by ipsatizing versus removing the general factor from unipsatized data. The results describe implications for clinicians and others assessing interpersonal problems.
The generation of oscillations in networks of electrically coupled cells

In several biological systems, the electrical coupling of nonoscillating cells generates synchronized membrane potential oscillations. Because the isolated cell is nonoscillating and electrical coupling tends to equalize the membrane potentials of the coupled cells, the mechanism underlying these oscillations is unclear. Here we present a dynamic mechanism by which the electrical coupling of identical nonoscillating cells can generate synchronous membrane potential oscillations. We demonstrate this mechanism by constructing a biologically feasible model of electrically coupled cells, characterized by an excitable membrane and calcium dynamics. We show that strong electrical coupling in this network generates multiple oscillatory states with different spatio-temporal patterns and discuss their possible role in the cooperative computations performed by the system.
Comparison of the Five Danish Regions Regarding Demographic Characteristics, Healthcare Utilization, and Medication Use—A Descriptive Cross-Sectional Study

Background While Denmark is well known for its plethora of registers. Many studies are conducted on research databases that only cover parts of Denmark, and regional differences could potentially threaten these studies’ external validity. The aim of this study was to assess sociodemographic and health related homogeneity of the five Danish regions. Methods We obtained descriptive data for the five Danish regions, using publicly available data sources: Statbank Denmark, the Danish Ministry of Economic Affairs, and Medstat.dk. These data sources comprise aggregate data from four different nationwide registers: The Danish National Patient Register, The Danish Civil Registration System, The Danish Register of Medicinal Product Statistics, and The Danish National Health Service Register for Primary Care. We compared the Danish regions regarding demographic and socioeconomic characteristics, health care utilization, and use of medication. For each characteristic, one-year prevalence was obtained and analyses were performed for 2013 and 2008 to account for possible change over time. Results In 2013, 5,602,628 persons were living in Denmark. The mean age was 40.7 years in the entire Danish population and ranged between 39.6 to 42.4 years in the five regions (coefficient of variation between regions [CV] = 0.028). The proportion of women in Denmark was 50.4% (CV = 0.009). The proportion of residents with low education level was 28.7% (CV = 0.051). The annual number of GP contacts was 7.1 (range: 6.7–7.4, CV = 0.040), and 114 per 1,000 residents were admitted to the hospital (range: 101–131, CV = 0.107). The annual number of persons redeeming a prescription of any medication was 723 per 1,000 residents (range: 718–743, CV = 0.016). Analyses for 2008 showed comparable levels of homogeneity as for 2013. Conclusions We found substantial homogeneity between all of the five Danish regions with regard to sociodemographic and health related characteristics. Epidemiologic studies conducted on regional subsets of Danish citizens have a high degree of generalizability.
The Body as Process: An Examination of Core Concepts in Body-Oriented Psychotherapy and a Brief Model for Implementation in a Clinical Social Work Setting

The field of body-oriented psychotherapy, of engaging the body and affect in the psychotherapeutic process, has grown tremendously over the last 20 years, and has shown to improve the treatment of both cognitive and somatic focuses of treatment. This paper uses existing research and interviews with practicing body-oriented psychotherapists to identify core concepts among various body-oriented modalities. Grounded theory was used to bring out the major themes from the interviews, which included: the importance of preparation and support, body awareness, memory stored in the body, touch, empowerment of client’s innate healing capacity, the clinician’s own practice, and a greater demand for the work. The concepts identified from research and interviews were then used to create a model for integrating this work into a clinical social work setting. Where there was once an emphasis on only treating individuals through talk, these findings support that a deep awareness to one’s body provides an opportunity for clients to connect with their own inner capacity for healing, and to live in a more embodied, integrated way.
Improved Directed Acyclic Graph Evaluation and theCombine Operator in Genetic

The use of a directed acyclic graph (DAG) to represent a population in genetic programming ooers several advantages , only one of which is the eecient use of space. We improve on existing methods to evaluate a DAG and ooer two new ways of evaluating a population. The rst method uses a linked list and a negligible amount of space. In the second method, each node is evaluated only once on all tness cases and the results are cached. We also introduce two genetic operators in connection to the use of a DAG. The rst is a simpler alternative to crossover. The second is a context-preserving genetic operator based on the building block hypothesis, which accurately combines two similar trees.
Automatic news articles classification in Indonesian language by using Naive Bayes Classifier method

Curently, internet content growth rapidly. Automatic news classification is the classification of news into a category. In this research, the classification method used is Naive Bayes wich is known as Naive Bayes Classifier (NBC). The classification process covers: case folding, parsing, stopword elimination, stemming, words weighting, and documents classification by using NBC. This research uses 250 news articles divided into 5 categories as learning documents. The trial results of this research shows that the system is able to generate such accuracy in delivering news articles classification with the average Recall value of 92.87% and Precission value of 91.16%.
Variational Properties of Value Functions

Regularization plays a key role in a variety of optimization formulations of inverse problems. A recurring theme in regularization approaches is the selection of regularization parameters and their effect on the solution and on the optimal value of the optimization problem. The sensitivity of the value function to the regularization parameter can be linked directly to the Lagrange multipliers. This paper characterizes the variational properties of the value functions for a broad class of convex formulations, which are not all covered by standard Lagrange multiplier theory. An inverse function theorem is given that links the value functions of different regularization formulations (not necessarily convex). These results have implications for the selection of regularization parameters, and the development of specialized algorithms. Numerical examples illustrate the theoretical results.
Input and interaction in language acquisition: Beginning from Baby Talk: twenty years of research on input in interaction

Introduction Research on the nature of linguistic input to language-learning children has a longer history than “modern” child language research (the era whose beginning I take to be marked by the publication of Brown and Bellugi 1964). Anthropological linguists and fieldworkers were publishing papers in the 1950s and 1960s about the phenomenon of “Baby Talk” as a special register of the languages they had studied. They documented Baby Talk primarily as an interesting sociolinguistic phenomenon, but often reported as well the local beliefs that it aided children in learning to talk. Even in the earliest moments of the “modern era” of child language research, analyses of input were never ignored. For example, Brown and Bellugi identified “expansion,” a maternal response, as one of the three processes involved in language acquisition in their 1964 work. Despite this early and consistent interest, the accumulation of information about the nature of adult speech to language-learning children was fairly slow until the mid 1970s. During the 1970s and 1980s, in contrast, the amount of work on interaction expanded enormously. There have been dozens of papers on this topic published in the Journal of Child Language since its inception in 1974, as well as in the journal First Language . At least half of the papers selected for publication in conference volumes following each of the last three meetings of the International Association for the Study of Child Language (held in 1984 in Austin, Texas, in 1987 in Lund, Sweden, and in 1990 in Budapest, Hungary) have been devoted to studies of input and interaction.