Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
An identification system of monophonic musical tones

The present paper describes the problem of defining a method recognizing musical tones in the context of automatic identification systems. This study had arisen from the demand to have a tool to detect a musical tone among available alternatives of a library of previously recorded musical tones produced by instruments of the same class1. This work is based on a comparison criterion to measure the distance between the features of the actual tone and the reference database ones. The algorithm is realized in two distinct steps. At first, digital processing techniques are used with the purpose to obtain features pattern vectors from the waveforms. These resulting patterns are, subsequently, elaborated using the Least Squares Optimal Filtering. The algorithm is relatively simple and may be implemented efficiently with low latency on DSP processors.
Space Vector Modulation Techniques for Common mode Voltage Elimination in the Three-level Voltage Source Inverter

AbstractThe low common mode voltage vector modulation technique for the three-level cascaded voltage source inverter is presented in the paper. The large number of available states for multilevel inverters can make implementation vector control strategies complicated. The main characteristic of the proposed modulation technique is its simplicity of implementation due to the fact that any available vector modulators can be used.
Estimation of Intensities of Burst-Like Poisson Processes Using Haar Wavelets

I present a method for producing estimates of the intensity function of certain `burst-like' inhomogeneous Poisson processes, based on the shrinkage of Haar wavelet coe cients of the observed counts. The Haar basis is a natural wavelet basis in which to work in this context, and I derive thresholds for shrinkage estimation based on the distribution of the coe cients. The translation-invariant de-noising approach of Donoho and Coifman (1995) is used in conjunction with these level-dependent thresholds to yield smooth estimates, without the usual `staircase' structure associated with Haar wavelets. This work is motivated by recent e orts in astronomy to model the intensity functions underlying gamma-ray bursts. It is demonstrated that the method proposed herein (TIPSH) yields sharper estimates of the detail structure in these signals than those obtained through an analogous version of the standard adaptation of wavelet shrinkage for Poisson counts, based on the square-root transformation.
RalF-Mediated Activation of Arf6 Controls Rickettsia typhi Invasion by Co-Opting Phosphoinositol Metabolism

ABSTRACT Rickettsiae are obligate intracellular pathogens that induce their uptake into nonphagocytic cells; however, the events instigating this process are incompletely understood. Importantly, diverse Rickettsia species are predicted to utilize divergent mechanisms to colonize host cells, as nearly all adhesins and effectors involved in host cell entry are differentially encoded in diverse Rickettsia species. One particular effector, RalF, a Sec7 domain-containing protein that functions as a guanine nucleotide exchange factor of ADP-ribosylation factors (Arfs), is critical for Rickettsia typhi (typhus group rickettsiae) entry but pseudogenized or absent from spotted fever group rickettsiae. Secreted early during R. typhi infection, RalF localizes to the host plasma membrane and interacts with host ADP-ribosylation factor 6 (Arf6). Herein, we demonstrate that RalF activates Arf6, a process reliant on a conserved Glu within the RalF Sec7 domain. Furthermore, Arf6 is activated early during infection, with GTP-bound Arf6 localized to the R. typhi entry foci. The regulation of phosphatidylinositol 4-phosphate 5-kinase (PIP5K), which generates PI(4,5)P2, by activated Arf6 is instrumental for bacterial entry, corresponding to the requirement of PI(4,5)P2 for R. typhi entry. PI(3,4,5)P3 is then synthesized at the entry foci, followed by the accumulation of PI(3)P on the short-lived vacuole. Inhibition of phosphoinositide 3-kinases, responsible for the synthesis of PI(3,4,5)P3 and PI(3)P, negatively affects R. typhi infection. Collectively, these results identify RalF as the first bacterial effector to directly activate Arf6, a process that initiates alterations in phosphoinositol metabolism critical for a lineage-specific Rickettsia entry mechanism.
The Predictive Role of Difficulties in Emotion Regulation and Self-Control with Susceptibility to Addiction in Drug-Dependent Individuals

Objective: The present study aimed to examine the predictive role of difficulties in emotion regulation and self-control in potential for addiction among drug-dependent individuals. Method: This was a correlational study which falls within the category of descriptive studies. The statistical population of the current study included all patients under treatment in outpatient health centers in Bam, among whom 315 individuals were selected through cluster sampling method as the participants of the study. Difficulties in Emotion Regulation Scale, Self-Control Scale, and Addiction Susceptibility Questionnaire were used for data collection purposes. Results: The results indicated that difficulties engaging in goal directed behavior, impulse control difficulties, lack of emotional awareness, and lack of emotional clarity (dimensions of difficulties in emotion regulation) had a significant positive correlation with potential for addiction. In addition, there was a negative significant relationship between self-control and potential for addiction among drugdependent individuals. Conclusion: In addition to common methods of abstinence from drug dependence, teaching self-control and emotional control techniques to addicted patients can help them reduce their dependence.
Coxiella burnetii, the agent of Q fever, stimulates an atypical M2 activation program in human macrophages

Coxiella burnetii is an obligate intracellular bacterium, responsible for Q fever, which survives in macrophages by interfering with their microbicidal competence. As functional polarization of macrophages is critical for their microbicidal activity, we studied the activation program of monocyte‐derived macrophages (MDM) stimulated with C. burnetii. This program was markedly distinct from that induced by lipopolysaccharides (LPS), a canonical inducer of M1 polarization. Indeed, C. burnetii up‐regulated the expression of genes associated with M2 polarization, including TGF‐β1, IL‐1 receptor antagonist (IL‐1ra), CCL18, the mannose receptor and arginase‐1, and only up‐regulated the expression of two genes associated with M1 polarization, namely IL‐6 and CXCL8. In contrast, C. burnetii down‐regulated the expression of genes associated with M1 polarization such as TNF, CD80, CCR7 and TLR‐2. Functional analyses showed that C. burnetii‐stimulated MDM produced high levels of TGF‐β1 and CCL18, and expressed the mannose receptor and arginase‐1, the latter being associated with the prevention of nitric oxide production by MDM. Finally, C. burnetii induced the release of IL‐6 and CXCL8 at a lower level than LPS‐stimulated MDM. Our results suggest that C. burnetii stimulated an atypical M2 activation program that may account for the persistence of C. burnetii in macrophages.
Mineralocorticoid Receptor Antagonists and Clinical Outcomes in Primary Aldosteronism: As Good as Surgery?

Abstract Primary aldosteronism (PA) is detected with increasing frequency in hypertensive patients and is associated with excess cardiovascular, renal, and metabolic complications. For these reasons, appropriate choices for treatment of this endocrine condition are mandatory. Adrenalectomy is safely performed in PA patients when adrenal venous sampling (AVS) demonstrates lateralized aldosterone secretion. AVS, however, is a complex procedure and even among worldwide referral centers there are substantial discrepancies for interpretation of results. Also, in the majority of PA patients with lateralized aldosterone secretion, hypertension may persist after adrenalectomy requiring use of additional antihypertensive agents. Treatment with mineralocorticoid receptor antagonists (MRAs) is currently recommended for PA patients with bilateral adrenal disease, but these agents effectively decrease blood pressure also in patients with unilateral disease, although concern remains for possible sex-related side effects. Prospective studies indicate that MRAs have therapeutic values comparable to surgery in the long-term, inasmuch as they effectively correct metabolic abnormalities and subclinical organ damage and reduce the risk of cardiovascular events and renal disease progression. This article overviews the clinical outcomes obtained in patients with PA with use of MRAs.
HIF-1α 1772 C/T and 1790 G/A Polymorphisms Are Significantly Associated with Higher Cancer Risk: An Updated Meta-Analysis from 34 Case-Control Studies

Background HIF-1 activates various genes in cancer progression and metastasis. HIF-1α 1772 C/T and 1790 G/A polymorphisms are reportedly associated with cancer risk; however, the results are inconclusive. Methodology/Principal Findings A meta-analysis of 34 studies that involved 7522 cases and 9847 controls for 1772 C/T and 24 studies that involved 4884 cases and 8154 controls for 1790 G/A was conducted to identify the association of C/T and G/A polymorphisms with cancer risk. Odds ratio (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (95% CI) were used to assess the strength of association. HIF-1α 1772 C/T and 1790 G/A polymorphisms were associated with higher cancer risk in homozygote comparison (1772C/T: TT vs. CC: OR = 2.45, 95% CI: 1.52, 3.96; P heterogeneity = 0.028; 1790G/A: AA vs. GG: OR=4.74, 95% CI: 1.78, 12.6; P heterogeneity < 0.01), dominant model (1772C/T: TT/CT vs. CC: OR = 1.27, 95% CI: 1.04, 1.55; P heterogeneity < 0.01, 1790G/A: AA/GA vs. GG: OR = 1.65, 95% CI: 1.05, 2.60; P heterogeneity < 0.01), T allele versus C allele (T vs. C: OR = 1.42, 95% CI: 1.18, 1.70; P heterogeneity < 0.01), and A allele versus G allele (A vs. G: OR = 1.83, 95% CI: 1.13, 2.96; P heterogeneity < 0.01). On a subgroup analysis, the 1772 C/T polymorphism was significantly linked to higher risks for breast cancer, lung cancer, prostate cancer, and cervical cancer, whereas the 1790 G/A polymorphism was significantly linked to higher risks for lung cancer and prostate cancer. A significantly increased cancer risk was found in both Asians and Caucasians for 1772C/T polymorphism, whereas a significantly increased cancer risk was found in Caucasians in the heterozygote comparison and recessive model for 1790G/A polymorphism. Conclusions HIF-1α 1772 C/T and 1790 G/A polymorphisms are significantly associated with higher cancer risk.
Effective breather trapping mechanism for DNA transcription.

Collective coordinate and direct numerical integration methods are applied to the analysis of a one-dimensional DNA model. A modification of the coupling constant in an extended region is found to be less selective towards the breather it can trap than an isolated impurity. Therefore it provides a possible physical mechanism for the effect of an enzyme on DNA transcription. \textcopyright{} 1996 The American Physical Society.
Induction of gene expression in sheepshead minnows (Cyprinodon variegatus) treated with 17beta-estradiol, diethylstilbestrol, or ethinylestradiol: the use of mRNA fingerprints as an indicator of gene regulation.

The recent interest in hormonally active environmental contaminants has sparked a drive to find sensitive methods to measure their effects on wildlife. A molecular-based assay has been developed to measure the induction of gene expression in sheepshead minnows (Cyprinodon variegatus) exposed in vivo to the natural and pharmaceutical estrogens 17beta-estradiol, ethinylestradiol, and diethylstilbestrol. This method used differential display reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction assays to compare the expression of individual mRNAs from control and estrogen-exposed fish. Forty-eight differentially expressed cDNAs were isolated by this method, including cDNAs for vitelline envelope proteins and vitellogenin. The mRNA expression patterns for fish injected with a pharmacological dose of estradiol (5 mg/kg) were identical to those obtained in fish receiving constant aqueous exposure to 212 ng estradiol/liter. Further, the cDNA "fingerprint" pattern observed in the estradiol-treated fish also matched that obtained in fish receiving continuous-flow aqueous exposures to 192 ng ethinyl estradiol/liter and a nominal concentration of 200 ng diethylstilbestrol/liter. The results demonstrate a characteristic expression pattern for genes upregulated by exposure to a variety of natural and anthropogenic estrogens and suggest this approach may be valuable to examine the potential effects of environmental contaminants on other endocrine-mediated pathways of reproduction, growth, and development.
CONQUER: Confusion Queried Online Bandit Learning

We present a new recommendation setting for picking out two items from a given set to be highlighted to a user, based on contextual input. These two items are presented to a user who chooses one of them, possibly stochastically, with a bias that favours the item with the higher value. We propose a second-order algorithm framework that members of it use uses relative upper-confidence bounds to trade off exploration and exploitation, and some explore via sampling. We analyze one algorithm in this framework in an adversarial setting with only mild assumption on the data, and prove a regret bound of $O(Q_T + \sqrt{TQ_T\log T} + \sqrt{T}\log T)$, where $T$ is the number of rounds and $Q_T$ is the cumulative approximation error of item values using a linear model. Experiments with product reviews from 33 domains show the advantage of our methods over algorithms designed for related settings, and that UCB based algorithms are inferior to greed or sampling based algorithms.
Chinese Unknown Word Translation by Subword Re-segmentation

We propose a general approach for translating Chinese unknown words (UNK) for SMT. This approach takes advantage of the properties of Chinese word composition rules, i.e., all Chinese words are formed by sequential characters. According to the proposed approach, the unknown word is re-split into a subword sequence followed by subword translation with a subwordbased translation model. “Subword” is a unit between character and long word. We found the proposed approach significantly improved translation quality on the test data of NIST MT04 and MT05. We also found that the translation quality was further improved if we applied named entity translation to translate parts of unknown words before using the subword-based translation.
PLACE DE L'ÉCONOMIE SOCIALE DANS LA CONSTRUCTION DE L'INTÉRÊT GÉNÉRAL À PARTIR DE L'INITIATIVE LOCALE : Les « pays » en France

Les « pays » du droit francais recent (lois Pasqua et Voynet, 1995, 1999) participent d’une nouvelle architecture institutionnelle de la decentralisation. L’article montre qu’ils touchent directement l’univers des associations cooperatives (Ascoop), dont l’emergence locale et l’implication de proximite sont indissolubles de leur nature meme. Si la loi Voynet parait faire une place privilegiee au secteur purement associatif, cooperatives et mutuelles, autres composantes de l’economie sociale, se trouvent naturellement entrainees par ce modele de gouvernance. En fait, c’est la construction de la loi, d’esprit participatif et federatif, qui a travers les « conseils de developpement des pays », ouvre la porte a la concertation. Le pays intervient dans la chaine de construction de l’interet general et contribue, par les informations, opportunites, choix et actes qui le traversent, a modeler la societe. L’auteur montre ainsi le pays comme maillon d’un modele de « centralisme federatif a initiative locale » plus ou moins autogestionnaire, dont historiquement les Ascoop se recommandent egalement.
A Hybrid Approach to Multi-document Summarization of Opinions in Reviews

We present a hybrid method to generate summaries of product and services reviews by combining natural language generation and salient sentence selection techniques. Our system, STARLET-H, receives as input textual reviews with associated rated topics, and produces as output a natural language document summarizing the opinions expressed in the reviews. STARLET-H operates as a hybrid
Estimation of Surface Geometries in Point Clouds for the Manipulation of Novel Household Objects

Real world environments typically include objects with different perceptual appearances. The classification of object point cloud clusters to surface and primitive geometries can be very useful in manipulation planning. In this work, we present and evaluate the utility of 3D surface estimation methods to efficiently classify the local and global surface geometry in the point cloud representations of household objects. We also present a Global Principal Curvature Shape Descriptor (GPCSD) to categorize object point clusters that are geometrically equivalent into similar primitive shape categories and compare its performance to Global Radius-Based Surface Descriptor (GRSD) on a large scale RGB-D object dataset and real-time data from the Kinect. Furthermore, we present a manipulation framework for grasp planning and selection on unknown objects based on geometric surface estimation. The method uses 3D sensor data directly to produce a set of grasps for the objects in a scene based on both the overall shape of the object and its local features. The framework provides kinematically feasible grasp selection and ranking for manipulation planning from the candidate grasps, which is suitable for both autonomous grasp execution and shared-control assistive teleoperation.
The Effect of Milrinone on Hemodynamics and Left Ventricular Function After Emergence from Cardiopulmonary Bypass

Although milrinone effectively increases cardiac function, few studies have specifically evaluated its efficacy during cardiac surgery.We investigated the effects of milrinone on hemodynamics and left ventricular function in cardiac surgical patients who were already treated with catecholamines. Thirty-seven patients undergoing cardiac surgery were studied. Immediately after emergence from cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB), patients were randomly assigned to a control group (n = 10) or to one of these milrinone groups: milrinone 50 micro g/kg intravenously (n = 8), 50 micro g/kg + 0.5 micro g [centered dot] kg-1 [centered dot] min-1 (n = 10), or 75 micro g/kg + 0.75 micro g [centered dot] kg-1 [centered dot] min-1 (n = 9). Hemodynamics and transesophageal echocardiogram were recorded while constant filling pressures were maintained by volume reinfusion from the CPB reservoir. Arterial blood samples were obtained for the measurement of milrinone plasma concentrations and to determine the dose response curve. In all three milrinone groups, cardiac index and velocity of circumferential fiber shortening (Vcfc) significantly increased from the baseline, and both were significantly higher at 5 and 10 min than those in the control group. The plasma concentration of milrinone with half of maximum increase in Vcfc was 139.3 ng/mL based on the dose-response curve. Thus, milrinone improves hemodynamics and left ventricular function when constant loading conditions are maintained. (Anesth Analg 1997;85:16-22)
Expression of several adhesive macromolecules (N-CAM, L1, J1, NILE, uvomorulin, laminin, fibronectin, and a heparan sulfate proteoglycan) in embryonic, adult, and denervated adult skeletal muscle

Levels of the neural cell adhesion molecule N-CAM in muscle are regulated in parallel with the susceptibility of muscle to innervation: N-CAM is abundant on the surface of early embryonic myotubes, declines in level as development proceeds, reappears when adult muscles are denervated or paralyzed, and is lost after reinnervation (Covault, J., and J. R. Sanes, 1985, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA, 82:4544-4548). Here we used immunocytochemical methods to compare this pattern of expression with those of several other molecules known to be involved in cellular adhesion. Laminin, fibronectin, and a basal lamina- associated heparan sulfate proteoglycan accumulate on embryonic myotubes after synapse formation, and their levels change little after denervation. L1, J1, nerve growth factor-inducible large external protein, uvomorulin, and a carbohydrate epitope (L2/HNK-1) shared by several adhesion molecules are undetectable on the surface of embryonic, perinatal, adult, or denervated adult muscle fibers. Thus, of the molecules tested, only N-CAM appears on the surface of muscle cells in parallel with the ability of the muscle cell surface to accept synapses. However, four antigens--N-CAM, J1, fibronectin, and a heparan sulfate proteoglycan--accumulate in interstitial spaces near denervated synaptic sites; regenerating axons traverse these spaces as they preferentially reinnervate original synaptic sites. Of particular interest is J1, antibodies to which block adhesion of central neurons to astrocytes (Kruse, J., G. Keihauer, A. Faissner, R. Timpl, and M. Schachner, 1985, Nature (Lond.), 316:146-148). J1 is associated with collagen and other fibrils in muscle and thus may be an extracellular matrix molecule employed in both the central and peripheral nervous systems.
Video-based face recognition using manifold learning by neural networks

This paper proposes a method using manifold learning by neural networks for identifying people while they are talking. In training phase people say the same sentence, we train the NN for learning low-dimensional nonlinear manifolds that are embedded in high-dimensional video space. After training phase we use another video of the same persons while they are saying another sentence for testing. Comparing the recognition results with other methods shows that our method outperforms other methods. Finally we achieve 98.4% of recognition rate.
Chitinolytic Enterobacter agglomerans Antagonistic to Fungal Plant Pathogens

Three Enterobacter agglomerans strains which produce and excrete proteins with chitinolytic activity were found while screening soil-borne bacteria antagonistic to fungal plant pathogens. The chitinolytic activity was induced when the strains were grown in the presence of colloidal chitin as the sole carbon source. It was quantitated by using assays with chromogenic p-nitrophenyl analogs of disaccharide, trisaccharide, and tetrasaccharide derivatives of N-acetylglucosamine. A set of three fluorescent substrates with a 4-methylumbelliferyl group linked by (beta)-1,4 linkage to N-acetylglucosamine mono- or oligosaccharides were used to identify the chitinolytic activities of proteins which had been renatured following their separation by electrophoresis. This study provides the most complete evidence for the presence of a complex of chitinolytic enzymes in Enterobacter strains. Four enzymes were detected: two N-acetyl-(beta)-d-glucosaminidases of 89 and 67 kDa, an endochitinase with an apparent molecular mass of 59 kDa, and a chitobiosidase of 50 kDa. The biocontrol ability of the chitinolytic strains was demonstrated under greenhouse conditions. The bacteria decreased the incidence of disease caused by Rhizoctonia solani in cotton by 64 to 86%. Two Tn5 mutants of one of the isolates, which were deficient in chitinolytic activity, were unable to protect plants against the disease.