Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Synthesis and Thermal Studies of Two Phosphonium Tetrahydroxidohexaoxidopentaborate(1-) Salts: Single-Crystal XRD Characterization of [iPrPPh3][B5O6(OH)4]·3.5H2O and [MePPh3][B5O6(OH)4]·B(OH)3·0.5H2O

Two substituted phosphonium tetrahydoxidohexaoxidopentaborate(1-) salts, [iPrPPh3][B5O6(OH)4]·3.5H2O (1) and [MePPh3][B5O6(OH)4]·B(OH)3·0.5H2O (2), were prepared by templated self-assembly processes with good yields by crystallization from basic methanolic aqueous solutions primed with B(OH)3 and the appropriate phosphonium cation. Salts 1 and 2 were characterized by spectroscopic (NMR and IR) and thermal (TGA/DSC) analysis. Salts 1 and 2 were thermally decomposed in air at 800 °C to glassy solids via the anhydrous phosphonium polyborates that are formed at lower temperatures (<300 °C). BET analysis of the anhydrous and pyrolysed materials indicated they were non-porous with surface areas of 0.2–2.75 m2/g. Rhe recrystallization of 1 and 2 from aqueous solution afforded crystals suitable for single-crystal XRD analyses. The structure of 1 comprises alternating cationic/anionic layers with the H2O/pentaborate(1-) planes held together by H-bonds. The cationic planes have offset face-to-face (off) and vertex-to-face (vf) aromatic ring interactions with the iPr groups oriented towards the pentaborate(1-)/H2O layers. The anionic lattice in 2 is expanded by the inclusion of B(OH)3 molecules to accommodate the large cations; this results in the formation of a stacked pentaborate(1-)/B(OH)3 structure with channels occupied by the cations. The cations within the channels have vf, ef (edge-to-face), and off phenyl embraces. Both H-bonding and phenyl embrace interactions are important in stabilizing these two solid-state structures.
Revisiting localized deformation in sand with complex systems

Complex systems techniques are used to analyse X-ray micro-CT measurements of grain kinematics in Hostun sand under triaxial compression. Network nodes with the least mean shortest path length to all other nodes, or highest relative closeness centrality, reside in the region where the persistent shear band ultimately develops. This trend, whereby a group of grains distinguishes themselves from the rest in the sample, remarkably manifests from the onset of loading. The shear band's boundaries and thickness, evident from the network communities' borders and essentially constant mean size, provide corroborating evidence of early detection of strain localization. Our findings raise the possibility that the formation and the location of the persistent shear band may be decided in the nascent stages of loading, well before peak shear stress. Grain-scale digital image correlation strain measurements and statistical tests confirm the results are robust. Moreover, the trends are unambiguously reproduced in a discrete element simulation of plane strain compression.
The Tolerancing Obtained with Binder Jetting Additive Manufacturing Process in 17-4PH Steel - Case Study

Digital manufacturing is one of the pillars of Industry 4.0, additive manufacturing is certainly evolving very quickly, with more and more technologies being developed and materials being applied to this production area. However, with this growth and the capacity associated with this type of processes, it is extremely important to understand these processes, so that they can respond quantitatively and qualitatively to market needs. The present work intended to contribute to the improvement of the metal binder jetting process by simulating the manufacturing process of a proposed part, using the Simufact™ software and Desktop Metal software. After validating the parts with manufacturing with Binder jetting additive process. Subsequently, the metrological inspection and analysis of the respective results were carried out. Simulations were carried out for different values of powder size and density of the green part to assess their impact on the quality of the final part. The parts were produced in 17 – 4PH steel using a Shop System Desktop Metal machine. Were produced 5 parts with the following parameters, part (A) model with compensation obtained by Desktop software, part (B) model compensated by the Simufact additive software with 20% scale, part (C) model with scale 1: 1.2, part (D) model obtained by the Simufact additive software and part (E) model without scale. The measurements for the dimensional analysis were made with a digital caliper, while for the geometric analysis, measurements were made on a CMM machine.The simulations revealed smaller errors for larger granule sizes and also for larger green part densities. The inspection of the produced part, on the other side, exposed greater dimensional inaccuracy in X and less in Z direction. It also showed that, for the same element of the part, there is still a relationship between the ratio of the measured dimensions and the ratio of the deviations obtained. The results also showed that parts simulated by two software’s (A and D) are the ones with the best final quality, they presented smaller dimensional and geometric deviations in relation to the proposed model. The highest tolerance grades of these parts were in ISO standard IT15 and IT14 for part D and part A respectively.
Scheduling Coflows by Online Identification in Data Center Network

Recently, many scheduling schemes leverage coflows to improve the communication performance of jobs in distributed application frameworks deployed in data center networks, such as MapReduce and Spark. Most of them require application modification to obtain the coflow information such as the coflow ID. The latest work CODA suggests non-intrusively extracting coflow information via an identification method. However, the method depends on the historical traffic information, which may cause the identification accuracy to decrease a lot when traffic varies. To tackle the problem, we present SOCI for Scheduling coflows by the Online Coflow Identification. By observing that flows in a coflow typically communicate with a master process for starting and ending in the up-to-date distributed application frameworks, SOCI uses this characteristic for the online coflow identification. Given identification errors are inevitable, the coflow scheduler in SOCI adopts a Selectively Late Binding (SLB) mechanism, which associates the misclassified flows with coflows according to the estimation on the impact of this association on the average Coflow Completion Time (CCT). The trace-driven simulations show that SOCI can reduce CCT by up to <inline-formula><tex-math notation="LaTeX">$1.23\times$</tex-math><alternatives><mml:math><mml:mrow><mml:mn>1</mml:mn><mml:mo>. </mml:mo><mml:mn>23</mml:mn><mml:mo>×</mml:mo></mml:mrow></mml:math><inline-graphic xlink:href="ruan-ieq1-3315512.gif"/></alternatives></inline-formula> compared to CODA when the identification accuracy decreases and is comparable to schemes without coflow identification.
Regularized Wasserstein Distance-Based Joint Distribution Adaptation Approach for Fault Detection Under Variable Working Conditions

Fault detection in the wastewater treatment process (WWTP) has been well addressed when the distributions of training data (source domain) and testing data (target domain) are consistent. However, the distributions may be inconsistent in actual processes due to the variable working conditions caused by the fluctuations in the external environment. Therefore, a joint distribution adaptation (JDA) approach based on the regularized Wasserstein distance (RWD) is proposed to deal with the problem, where RWD is designed based on $l_{2}$ norm and kernel density estimation (KDE) probability distribution to precisely measure the difference between the distributions of source and target domains, and then, the label features are also taken into account by using linear discriminant analysis (LDA)-based feature transformation. Not only the input features but also the label features are preserved within the feature space, resulting in a dual advantage for increasing classification accuracy. Therewith, an iterative algorithm based on expectation–maximization (EM) and the generalized conditional gradient (GCG) is designed to solve the problem. Finally, transferable fault detection tasks are constructed in the WWTP. Compared with other methods, the average classification accuracy of the proposed method is improved by 20.9%–108.9%, which validated the effectiveness of our method.
Relationship between duration of sick leave and time variation of words used in return-to-work programs for depression

BACKGROUND: Return-to-work (RTW) programs are provided as rehabilitation for people who have taken sick leave from work because of mental health problems. However, methods to present this information to workplaces objectively remain limited. OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to conduct an exploratory investigation of the relationship between duration of sick leave and time variation of words used in RTW programs for depression from textual data collected from electronic medical records as a new evaluation indicator. METHODS: The study subjects were those who had taken sick leave because of major depressive or adjustment disorder and had participated in an RTW program. The study data comprised demographic characteristics and texts. Textual data were collected from electronic medical records and classified based on the SOAP note. Thereafter, the textual data were quantified into category scores based on a standard text analysis dictionary. A generalized linear mixed model was used for the statistical analysis, with the score for each category (emotional, social, cognitive, perceptual, biological, motivational, relativity, and informal) as the dependent variable and the duration of sick leave, time, and interaction between the duration of sick leave and time as the independent variables. The level of statistical significance was set at 0.05. RESULTS: In total, 42 participants were included in the analysis. The results revealed a significant interaction between the social (p = 0.001) and emotional (p = 0.002) categories. CONCLUSION: The findings suggest a relationship between word changes in electronic medical records and the duration of sick leave.
Dynamic 3D simulations of earthquakes on En Echelon Faults

One of the mysteries of earthquake mechanics is why earthquakes stop. This process determines the difference between small and devastating ruptures. One possibility is that fault geometry controls earthquake size. We test this hypothesis using a numerical algorithm that simulates spontaneous rupture propagation in a three‐dimensional medium and apply our knowledge to two California fault zones. We find that the size difference between the 1934 and 1966 Parkfield, California, earthquakes may be the product of a stepover at the southern end of the 1934 earthquake and show how the 1992 Landers, California, earthquake followed physically reasonable expectations when it jumped across en echelon faults to become a large event. If there are no linking structures, such as transfer faults, then strike‐slip earthquakes are unlikely to propagate through stepover s >5 km wide.
Interplay between entanglement and crosslinking in determining mechanical behaviors of polymer networks

ABSTRACT In polymer physics, the concept of entanglement refers to the topological constraints between long polymer chains that are closely packed together. Both theory and experimentation suggest that entanglement has a significant influence on the mechanical properties of polymers. This indicates its promise for materials design across various applications. However, understanding the relationship between entanglement and mechanical properties is complex, especially due to challenges related to length scale constraints and the difficulties of direct experimental observation. This research delves into how the polymer network structure changes when deformed. We specifically examine the relationship between entanglement, crosslinked networks, and their roles in stretching both entangled and unentangled polymer systems. For unentangled polymers, our findings underscore the pivotal role of crosslinking bond strength in determining the system’s overall strength and resistance to deformation. As for entangled polymers, entanglement plays a pivotal role in load bearing during the initial stretching stage, preserving the integrity of the polymer network. As the stretching continues and entanglement diminishes, the responsibility for bearing the load increasingly shifts to the crosslinking network, signifying a critical change in the system’s behavior. We noted a linear correlation between the increase in entanglement and the rise in tensile stress during the initial stretching stage. Conversely, the destruction of the network correlates with a decrease in tensile stress in the later stage. The findings provide vital insights into the complex dynamics between entanglement and crosslinking in the stretching processes of polymer networks, offering valuable guidance for future manipulation and design of polymer materials to achieve desired mechanical properties. GRAPHICAL ABSTRACT
Entropy-Based Parameter Estimation for Kappa Distribution

Proposed in this study is an approach to estimate regional evapotranspiration from potential evaporation using a distributed hydrologic model. If water is freely available in the storage tank of interest, evapotranspiration is taken as Penman’s potential evaporation. Otherwise, the reduction of actual evapotranspiration from potential evaporation is estimated using the simplified Philip’s soil-moisture relationship with the combination of a physically based distributed tank (PDTank) model. The average annual evapotranspiration in the study area is estimated to be 716 mm. Results are also compared with the actual evapotranspiration estimated by using Morton’s complementary relationship areal evapotranspiration (CRAE) model and Brusaert-Stricker’s advection-aridity (AA) model. These three models give quite similar performance of goodness. The AA model gives the largest estimation for the annual evapotranspiration, the physically based distributed tank (PDTank) model gives the smallest estimation, and the CRAE model shows the amount in-between the AA model and the PDTank result. But the PDTank gives better results than both the CRAE and the AA models for winter evapotranspiration.
Risk of osteoporosis in patients treated with direct oral anticoagulants vs. warfarin: an analysis of observational studies

Aims Evidence on the association between the risk of new-onset osteoporosis and oral anticoagulants remains controversial. We aimed to compare the risk of osteoporosis associated with the use of direct oral anticoagulants (DOACs) with that associated with warfarin use. Methods Studies published up to 15 March 2023 that investigated the association between the use of DOACs and warfarin and the incidence of osteoporosis were identified by online searches in PubMed, Embase, the Cochrane Library, and Web of Science conducted by two independent investigators. Random-effects or fixed-effect models were employed to synthesize hazard ratios (HRs)/relative ratios (RRs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for estimating the risk of osteoporosis correlated with DOAC and warfarin prescriptions (PROSPERO No. CRD42023401199). Results Our meta-analysis ultimately included four studies involving 74,338 patients. The results suggested that DOAC use was associated with a significantly lower incidence of new-onset osteoporosis than warfarin use (pooled HR: 0.71, 95% CI: 0.57 to 0.88, p < 0.001, I 2: 85.1%). Subanalyses revealed that rivaroxaban was associated with a lower risk of osteoporosis than both warfarin and dabigatran. In addition, DOACs were associated with a lower risk of developing osteoporosis than warfarin in both male and female patients, in patients with atrial fibrillation (AF), and in patients who underwent therapy for > 365 days. Conclusion DOAC users experienced a lower incidence of osteoporosis than warfarin users. This study may give us insight into safe anticoagulation strategies for patients who are at high risk of developing osteoporosis. Systematic review registration https://www.crd. york.ac. uk/PROSPERO, identifier CRD42023401199.
Comparison of measurements of sea currents by HF radar and by conventional means

Abstract An analysis of remote measurements of sea surface currents during MARSEN is presented. Remote measurements were made by high-frequency (HF) radars in the German Bight from September to October.1979. Moored current meters made concurrent in situ measurements several metres below the surface. Comparisons of instantaneous data sets show differences, which may be explained by vertical current shear. The computed tidal coefficients from HF and current meter measurements agree well.
Multistate screening of Palmer amaranth (Amaranthus palmeri) and waterhemp (Amaranthus tuberculatus) sensitivity to glufosinate, dicamba and 2,4-D in the United States

Abstract Herbicide resistance in Palmer amaranth and waterhemp is on the rise and poses a great concern to growers in the United States. A multistate screening was conducted for these two weed species in the United States to assess their sensitivity to glufosinate, dicamba, and 2,4-D. The screening was designed to understand the weed sensitivity landscape and emerging trends in resistance evolution by testing each herbicide at its respective label rate and at half the label rate. A total of 303 weed seed accessions from 21 states representing 162 Palmer amaranth and 141 waterhemp seeds were collected from grower fields in 2019 and screened in greenhouse conditions. Statistical power of different sample sizes and probability of survivors in each accession were estimated for each species and herbicide treatment. Overall, the efficacy of glufosinate, dicamba, and 2,4-D against all these accessions was excellent, with greater than 90% average injury. The variability in herbicide injury, if any, was greater with half the label rate of 2,4-D in some Palmer amaranth accessions, while waterhemp accessions had exhibited variable sensitivity with half the label rate of dicamba and glufosinate. The study highlights the value of monitoring weeds for herbicide sensitivity across broader landscape and the importance of glufosinate, dicamba, and 2,4-D herbicides in managing troublesome weeds as part of a diversified weed control program integrated with other chemical, mechanical and cultural practices. Nomenclature: Glufosinate; dicamba; 2; 4-D; Palmer amaranth, Amaranthus palmeri S. Watson; waterhemp, Amaranthus tuberculatus (Moq.) J.D. Sauer
The characteristics of spatial and temporal variations of land surface temperature in the Yangtze River Delta

Land surface temperature (LST) is one of the key parameters in the atmosphere-land energy and water transfers. An understanding of the spatial and temporal variations of land surface temperature is important to broad research fields, including climate, vegetation, hydrology, etc. In this paper, the cloud contamination of MODIS LST product was analyzed first, and showed that there are numerous data gaps in MODIS 8-day composite LST product, indicating the necessity of data interpolation. Then the Harmonic Analysis of Time-Series (HANTS) algorithm was applied to the LST time-series to rebuild cloud-free images and to distill harmonic components. According to the harmonic characters and reconstruct LST, the spatial and temporal variations of land surface temperature in the Yangtze River Delta were studied.
Radar-based forest biomass estimation

Abstract The potential of radar-based tree biomass estimation has been studied using polarimetric SAR data from the Freiburg test site of the MAESTRO I Campaign and scatterometer data from a test site in Finland. Using the Freiburg SAR data and polarizaiton synthesis, the most suitable polarization combination was obtained. In P band, the maximum correIalions, which were found ncar the linear H V polarization, were up to 0·75. In the Finnish test site, a strong negative correlation “correlation coefficient -0·65” existed between the pine biomass and X-VV backscatter. When the combination of X and C bands “measured by the HUTSCAT seatterometer” was used, a correlation coefficient of 0·81 was obtained.
Testing commonly used X‐ray fluorescence core scanning‐based proxies for organic‐rich lake sediments and peat

X‐ray fluorescence (XRF) core scanning has become widely available for geological studies during the last decade. The data obtained from XRF core scanning, however, may be strongly influenced by the amount of organic matter, water content, density and porosity of the sediment matrix. In this study we discuss the usefulness of XRF core scanning to distinguish different kinds of organic‐rich sediments and peat based on examples from tropical Lakes Kumphawapi and Nong Leng Sai in Thailand. We examined how sedimentary factors influence XRF core scanning analyses by comparing elemental and scattering ratios to lithological changes and quantitative LOI, TOC, biogenic silica (BSi) and grain‐size values. Our comparison suggests that the (inc/coh) scattering ratio is of limited use as an indicator for variations in LOI and TOC in peaty gyttja or peat. In Lake Kumphawapi's sediments, Si/Ti ratios reflect clastic input associated with grain‐size variations rather than BSi contents. The Ti‐normalized ratios of Si, Zr, Sr, K and Rb are linked to mineral input and associated grain‐size variations. We conclude that XRF core scanning of organic‐rich tropical lake sediments and peat is useful to infer palaeoenvironmental conditions. However, XRF core scanning data does not stand‐alone and needs to be underpinned by additional proxies.
Phyllosilicates formation in faults rocks: Implications for dormant fault‐sealing potential and fault strength in the upper crust

Phyllosilicate content and related permeability of fault zones form primary controls on hydraulic and mechanical behavior of the brittle crust. Hence, understanding and predicting the localization of these ubiquitous minerals is a major issue for fundamental and applied geosciences. We describe normal fault zones cutting a foreland arkosic turbiditic formation suffering high‐T diagenesis and formed under conditions (~200°C) typical of deeply buried reservoirs and common within the seismogenic interval. Microstructural analyses show a large proportion of phyllosilicates (up to 34%) in the fault rock, derived from near‐complete feldspar alteration and disaggregation during deformation. This study shows that even faults with offsets (~20 cm) much lower than bed thickness can have such large feldspar‐to‐phyllosilicate transformation ratios, implying that the origin of the phyllosilicates is purely transformation related. These results imply that the potential sealing capacity and strength of faults could be predicted from the host rock feldspar content. Where sealing capacity and fault strength can be related to phyllosilicate content, these properties can then also be inferred from the predicted phyllosilicate content: this opens up new horizons concerning the hydraulic and the mechanical behavior of the upper crust.
An Eddy-Resolving Numerical Model of the Ventilated Thermocline: Time Dependence

Abstract A primitive equation, eddy-resolving numerical model is used to study the inherent time scales of variability in the subtropical ocean, assuming temporally constant surface forcing. Three primary scales arise: mesoscale variability of roughly 50-day period, zonally elongated barotropic bands of 1.1-year period, and basin-scale undulations of approximately 4-year period. The latter are identified as first baroclinic mode Rossby waves, associated with bursts of ventilation at isopycnal outcrops. As a result, the equatorward transport required by Sverdrup theory in the subtropics occurs not as a broad, sluggish drift throughout the interior, but as a succession of more intense flows that slowly propagate westward. The zonally elongated bands agree in characteristics to those predicted from theory of homogeneous turbulence. Eddy energy that is generated by baroclinic instability leaks from baroclinic to barotropic mode and thereafter, due to rotational constraints, seeks low zonal wavenumbers. The gr.