Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Finding All-One Hyper-Submatrix of an Incidence Matrix

Nowadays, graph theory and matrix theory are developing very rapidly. Solutions to mathematical matrix and graph problems can be applied to solve many realistic problems. Finding submatrix of a specific matrix that satisfies specific constrains is a common and hard problem. Finding all-one submatrix of incidence matrix is a meaningful problem. But for most researches, they focus on finding all-one submatrix that elements of which are adjacent ones. Problem for finding all-one submtrix composed of ones that across rows and columns are not well solved. In this paper, we tried to solve this problem. First, we defined conceptions of Hyper-Submatrix, Maximum Hyper-Submatrix and N order Hyper Submatrix of incidence matrix. Then we come up with two mathematical problems. Problem 1 is how to find Maximum Hyper-Submatrix of an incidence matrix. Problem 2 is how to find N order Hyper-Submatrix of an incidence matrix. For problem 1, we come up with method based on graph theory. An upper bound of size of all-one submatrix of the incidence matrix is obtained with the result of problem 1. For problem 2, we come up with Algorithm 2 to solve it. Time complexity and space complexity are analyzed. Optimized algorithm are proposed and time complexity is optimized to O(m[n(n+1)]/2). Comparison experiments illustrate performance of 2 algorithm we proposed is much better than Apriori algorithm, and a little worse than optimized PrefixSpan algorithm.
Perceptions of depression by mexican americans

PERCEPTIONS OF DEPRESSION BY MEXICAN AMERICANS Mexican American individuals are the largest ethnic population in the United States and are at risk of both depression and underutilizing mental health services. Depression impacts individuals from all ethnic and socioeconomic backgrounds. However, as cited in Barrera, Schulz, Rodriquez, Gonzalez, and Acosta (2013), the Latino population is at a higher risk of depression. The purpose of this study is to explore how perceptions of depression by Mexican Americans are related to the underutilization of mental health services. This qualitative research utilized an ethnographic approach and the data collection process of interviewing. Participants were provided a recording of a vignette borrowed from Cabassa’s (2005) study. Also, four questions from Jorm et al.’s (1997) study were borrowed to inquire about the perceptions of the participants. This study highlighted the participants’ limited knowledge regarding depression. The study supported previous research that found Mexican Americans were unable to identify depression and instead labeled the character in the vignette as suffering from an accumulation of life problems and suicidal ideations. In addition, this study found the participants believed the character suffering from depression should seek help from family to manage symptoms of depression. Moreover, this study emphasizes the need for social workers and mental health professionals to advocate for more culturally relevant public health campaigns and outreach programs (Cabassa, Lester, & Zayas, 2007). Sebastian Villaseñor May 2016 PERCEPTIONS OF DEPRESSION BY MEXICAN AMERICANS by Sebastian Villaseñor A thesis submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Social Work in the School of Health and Human Services California State University, Fresno May 2016
Overview of Mushroom Cultivation and Utilization as Functional Foods

I think all readers of this book belong to the former and not the latter. Knowledge of numerous new mushroom species has accumulated through time. The number of recognized mushroom species has been reported to be 14,000, which is about 10% of the total estimated mushroom species on the earth (Hawksworth, 2001). China is estimated to have about 1500–2000 edible mushroom species with 981 species identified. By 2002, 92 species have been domesticated while 60 of these have been commercially cultivated (Mau et al.,
Novel dehydroepiandrosterone troche supplementation improves the serum androgen profile of women undergoing in vitro fertilization

Dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA) is the most abundant steroid hormone in the circulation and has potent multifunctional activity. Epidemiological evidence suggests that levels of serum DHEA decrease with advancing age, and this has been associated with onset or progression of various age-related ailments, including cognitive decline and dementia, cardiovascular disease, and obesity. Consequently, these findings have sparked intense research interest in DHEA supplementation as an “antiaging” therapy. Currently, DHEA is being used by 25% of in vitro fertilization (IVF) clinicians as an adjuvant in assisted reproductive programs, yet the therapeutic benefit of DHEA is unclear. Here, we examined the use of novel DHEA-containing oral troches in patients undertaking IVF and investigated the impact of these troches on their serum androgen profile. This retrospective study determined the androgen profile of 31 IVF patients before (baseline) and after DHEA supplementation (with DHEA). Baseline serum measurements of testosterone (total and free), DHEA sulfate (DHEAS), sex hormone-binding globulin (SHBG), and androstenedione were made before and after supplementation. Each patient received DHEA troches containing 25 mg of micronized DHEA, and troches were administered sublingually twice daily for a period of no greater than 4 months. Adjuvant treatment with DHEA boosted the serum concentration of a number of androgen-related analytes, including total and free testosterone, androstenedione, and DHEAS, while serum SHBG remained unchanged. Supplementation also significantly increased the free-androgen index in IVF patients. Interestingly, the increase in serum analyte concentration following DHEA supplementation was found to be dependent on body mass index (BMI), but not individual age. Patients with the lowest BMI (<20.0 kg/m2) tended to have lower testosterone and DHEAS, but higher SHBG and androstenedione levels in comparison with other BMI groups postsupplementation. However, patients in the highest BMI group (>30.0 kg/m2) tended to have lower androgen responses following DHEA supplementation, but these were not statistically different from the corresponding baseline level. This method of DHEA administration results in a similar enhancement of testosterone, DHEAS, and androstenedione levels in comparison with other methods of administration. Furthermore, we showed that BMI significantly influences DHEA uptake and metabolism, and that BMI should be carefully considered during dosage calculation to ensure a significant and robust androgen-profile boost.
An intra-K-complex oscillation with independent and labile frequency and topography in NREM sleep

NREM sleep is characterized by K-complexes (KCs), over the negative phase of which we identified brief activity in the theta range. We recorded high resolution EEG of whole-night sleep from seven healthy volunteers and visually identified 2nd and 3rd stage NREM spontaneous KCs. We identified three major categories: (1) KCs without intra-KC-activity (iKCa), (2) KCs with non-oscillatory iKCa, and (3) KCs with oscillatory iKCa. The latter group of KCs with intra-KC-oscillation (iKCo), was clustered according to the duration of the iKCo. iKCa was observed in most KCs (1150/1522, 75%). iKCos with 2, 3, and 4 waves were observed in 52% (786/1522) of KCs in respective rates of 49% (386/786), 44%, and 7%. Successive waves of iKCos showed on average a shift of their maximal amplitude in the anterio-posterior axis, while the average amplitude of the slow KC showed no spatial shift in time. The iKCo spatial shift was accompanied by transient increases in instantaneous frequency from the theta band toward the alpha band, followed by decreases to upper theta. The study shows that the KC is most often concurrently accompanied by an independent brief iKCo exhibiting topographical relocation of amplitude maxima with every consecutive peak and transient increases in frequency. The iKCo features are potentially reflecting arousing processes taking place during the KC.
Usability of Visibly Adaptive Smartphone keyboard layouts

We present two touchscreen smartphone keyboard interface designs which dynamically alter key sizes as the user types and highlight likely key targets, based on word completion predictions. Although we find a speed reduction and no accuracy advantage with these methods over standard QWERTY, the text entry experience on mobile devices with these designs is significantly better for users.
Characterization of the novel tumor-suppressor gene CCDC67 in papillary thyroid carcinoma

Background Some studies showed an association of coiled-coil domain-containing (CCDC) genes with cancers. Our previous limited data specifically suggested a possible pathogenic role of CCDC67 in papillary thyroid cancer (PTC), but this has not been firmly established. The present study was to further investigate and establish this role of CCDC67 in PTC. Results The expression of CCDC67, both at mRNA and protein levels, was sharply down-regulated in PTC compared with normal thyroid tissues. Lower CCDC67 expression was significantly associated with aggressive tumor behaviors, such as advanced tumor stages and lymph node metastasis, as well as BRAF mutation. Introduced expression of CCDC67 in TPC-1 cells robustly inhibited cell proliferation, colony formation and migration, induced G1 phase cell cycle arrest, and increased cell apoptosis. Methods Primary PTC tumors and matched normal thyroid tissues were obtained from 200 unselected patients at the initial surgery for detection of CCDC67 mRNA and protein by RT-PCR and Western blotting analyses, respectively. Genomic DNA sequencing was performed to detect BRAF mutation in PTC tumors. Clinicopathological data were retrospectively reviewed for correlation analyses. PTC cell line TPC-1 with stable transfection of CCDC67 was used to investigate the functions of CCDC67. Conclusions This large study demonstrates down-regulation of CCDC67 in PTC, an inverse relationship between CCDC67 expression and PTC aggressiveness and BRAF mutation, and a robust inhibitory effect of CCDC67 on PTC cellular activities. These results are consistent with CCDC67 being a novel and impaired tumor suppressor gene in PTC, providing important prognostic and therapeutic implications for this cancer.
Polymorphisms in the Two Helicases ERCC2/XPD and ERCC3/XPB of the Transcription Factor IIH Complex and Risk of Lung Cancer: A Case-Control Analysis in a Chinese Population

The transcription factor IIH (TFIIH) helicases ERCC2/XPD and ERCC3/XPB are responsible for opening the DNA strand around the lesion site during nucleotide excision repair process. Genetic variants in these two genes may be markers for interindividual variability in DNA repair capacity and thus predisposition to cancer risk. In this case-control study of 1,010 incident lung cancer cases and 1,011 age and sex frequency–matched cancer-free controls in a Chinese population, we genotyped eight tagging polymorphisms of ERCC2 and ERCC3 using the high-throughput Taqman platform to determine their associations with risk of lung cancer. Although none of the eight polymorphisms was individually associated with lung cancer risk, we found that genetic variants in ERCC2 and ERCC3 jointly contributed to lung cancer risk in a dose-response manner. Compared with those with 0 to 1 “at-risk” locus, subjects carrying >1 at-risk loci were at increased risk for lung cancer [adjusted odds ratio (OR), 1.29; 95% confidence interval (95% CI), 0.98-1.70 for 2 at-risk loci; adjusted OR, 1.38; 95% CI, 1.02-1.85 for 3 at-risk loci; and adjusted OR, 1.51; 95% CI, 1.09-2.10 for ≥4 at-risk loci, respectively; Ptrend = 0.015]. This combined effect was slightly more evident in young subjects (<60 years), males, current smokers, and those with family history of cancer, particularly for histologic type of adenocarcinomas. No evidence for interaction was found. These findings indicate that these tagSNPs of the ERCC2 and ERCC3 along with their surrounding regions may serve as biomarkers of susceptibility to lung cancer, which warrant further validation by other population-based and phenotypic studies to determine the biological relevance of these tagSNPs. (Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2006;15(7):1336–40)
An Age-Structured Extension to the Vectorial Capacity Model

Background Vectorial capacity and the basic reproductive number (R0) have been instrumental in structuring thinking about vector-borne pathogen transmission and how best to prevent the diseases they cause. One of the more important simplifying assumptions of these models is age-independent vector mortality. A growing body of evidence indicates that insect vectors exhibit age-dependent mortality, which can have strong and varied affects on pathogen transmission dynamics and strategies for disease prevention. Methodology/Principal Findings Based on survival analysis we derived new equations for vectorial capacity and R0 that are valid for any pattern of age-dependent (or age–independent) vector mortality and explore the behavior of the models across various mortality patterns. The framework we present (1) lays the groundwork for an extension and refinement of the vectorial capacity paradigm by introducing an age-structured extension to the model, (2) encourages further research on the actuarial dynamics of vectors in particular and the relationship of vector mortality to pathogen transmission in general, and (3) provides a detailed quantitative basis for understanding the relative impact of reductions in vector longevity compared to other vector-borne disease prevention strategies. Conclusions/Significance Accounting for age-dependent vector mortality in estimates of vectorial capacity and R0 was most important when (1) vector densities are relatively low and the pattern of mortality can determine whether pathogen transmission will persist; i.e., determines whether R0 is above or below 1, (2) vector population growth rate is relatively low and there are complex interactions between birth and death that differ fundamentally from birth-death relationships with age-independent mortality, and (3) the vector exhibits complex patterns of age-dependent mortality and R0∼1. A limiting factor in the construction and evaluation of new age-dependent mortality models is the paucity of data characterizing vector mortality patterns, particularly for free ranging vectors in the field.
Estimating Costs and Effectiveness of Upgrades in Forestry Best Management Practices for Stream Crossings

Forestry Best Management Practices (BMPs) are used for protection of water quality at forest stream crossings, yet effects and costs for gradients of BMPs are not well documented. We evaluated forty-two truck road and skid trail stream crossings using three surrogates of BMP adequacy: (1) potential erosion rates for stream crossing approaches; (2) adequacy of stream crossing BMPs; and (3) overall BMP rating (BMP−, BMP-standard, and BMP+). Subsequently, BMP upgrades were recommended for enhancing BMP− or BMP-standard stream crossings. Costs for BMP upgrades were estimated using an existing road and skid trail cost method. The majority of truck road stream crossings were culverts, while skid trail stream crossings were primarily portable bridges. Potential erosion estimates, BMP audit scores, and BMP ratings all indicated that skid crossings have lower BMP implementation than truck road crossings. BMP improvements commonly identified for skid trail and truck crossings included addition of cover and water control structures. Improved BMPs at skid trail crossings were less expensive than those at truck road crossings. Current BMP guidelines provide economical and effective techniques for reducing erosion, and BMP upgrades have the potential to reduce erosion rates to similar levels found in undisturbed forests.
The K20 survey. VI. The distribution of the stellar masses in galaxies up to z 2

We present a detailed analysis of the stellar mass content of galaxies up to $z=2.5$ as obtained from the K20 spectrophotometric galaxy sample. We have applied and compared two different methods to estimate the stellar mass $M_*$ from broad-band photometry: a Maximal Age approach, where we maximize the age of the stellar population to obtain the maximal mass compatible with the observed $R-K$ color, and a Best Fit model, where the best-fitting spectrum to the complete ${\it UBVRIzJK}_{\rm s}$ multicolor distribution is used. We find that the $M_*/L$ ratio decreases with redshift: in particular, the average $M_*/L$ ratio of early type galaxies decreases with z , with a scatter that is indicative of a range of star-formation time-scales and redshift of formation. More important, the typical $M_*/L$ ratio of massive early type galaxies is larger than that of less massive ones, suggesting that their stellar population formed at higher z . We show that the final K20 galaxy sample spans a range of stellar masses from $M_*=10^9~M_\odot$ to $M_*=10^{12}~M_\odot$: massive galaxies ($M_*\geq10^{11}~M_\odot$) are common at $0.5 1$, the evolution in the normalization of the GSMF appears to be much faster: at $z\simeq 2$, about 35% of the present day stellar mass in objects with $M_* \simeq 10^{11}~M_\odot$ appear to have assembled. We also detect a change in the physical nature of the most massive galaxies: at $z \la 0.7$, all galaxies with $M>10^{11}~M_\odot$ are early type, while at higher z a population of massive star-forming galaxies progressively appears. We finally analyze our results in the framework of Λ -CDM hierarchical models. First, we show that the large number of massive galaxies detected at high z does not violate any fundamental Λ -CDM constraint based on the number of massive DM halos. Then, we compare our results with the predictions of several renditions of both semianalytic as well as hydro-dynamical models. The predictions from these models range from severe underestimates to slight overestimates of the observed mass density at ≤ 2. We discuss how the differences among these models are due to the different implementation of the main physical processes.
Promoting Effect of Foliage Sprayed Zinc Sulfate on Accumulation of Sugar and Phenolics in Berries of Vitis vinifera cv. Merlot Growing on Zinc Deficient Soil

The effect of foliage sprayed zinc sulfate on berry development of Vitis vinifera cv. Merlot growing on arid zone Zn-deficient soils was investigated over two consecutive seasons, 2013 and 2014. Initial zinc concentration in soil and vines, photosynthesis at three berry developmental stages, berry weight, content of total soluble solids, titratable acidity, phenolics and expression of phenolics biosynthetic pathway genes throughout the stages were measured. Foliage sprayed zinc sulfate showed promoting effects on photosynthesis and berry development of vines and the promotion mainly occurred from veraison to maturation. Zn treatments enhanced the accumulation of total soluble solids, total phenols, flavonoids, flavanols, tannins and anthocyanins in berry skin, decreasing the concentration of titratable acidity. Furthermore, foliage sprayed zinc sulfate could significantly influence the expression of phenolics biosynthetic pathway genes throughout berry development, and the results of expression analysis supported the promotion of Zn treatments on phenolics accumulation. This research is the first comprehensive and detailed study about the effect of foliage sprayed Zn fertilizer on grape berry development, phenolics accumulation and gene expression in berry skin, providing a basis for improving the quality of grape and wine in Zn-deficient areas.
Optimising Business Processes through ERP Post-Implementation modifications: an Exploratory Case Study

While ERP systems can improve the efficiency, effectiveness and flexibility of business processes, there exists a relationship between post-implementation modifications and the optimisation of business processes. This relationship has not been adequately researched. By drawing on the postimplementation experience of an Australian oil company, we report a series of modifications that were conducted on their ERP system, and empirically classify them via propositions according to our proposed theory-driven model: ERP PIM. The model and empirical evidence together provide a theoretical foundation for research into the impact of ERP post-implementation modifications and their influence on business process optimisation. This is considered important for achieving competitive advantage. The applicability of our model as a useful managerial tool for analysing various modifications and understanding their impact on business process optimisation is offered.
Network Anomaly Detection Using Random Forests and Entropy of Traffic Features

Tracking changes in traffic feature distributions and using it to classify traffic with different behavior is very important in the domain of network anomaly detection. Shannon entropy can be used to find changes in the normal distribution of network traffic to identify anomalies. Standardized entropy provides a measure of uniformity and randomicity on the same baseline for vectors or variables in the different sample space. Random Forests is a machine learning classification algorithm. It is best suited for the analysis of complex or distribution-imbalanced data structures embedded in small to moderate data sets. Anomaly traffic always occupied a little proportion of the whole network traffic. So we employed a combination of entropy measure and Random Forests classification to detect anomalies in network traffic. Our results demonstrate that the new technique is great promise in traffic anomaly detection.
ATR and Chk1 Suppress a Caspase-3–Dependent Apoptotic Response Following DNA Replication Stress

The related PIK-like kinases Ataxia-Telangiectasia Mutated (ATM) and ATM- and Rad3-related (ATR) play major roles in the regulation of cellular responses to DNA damage or replication stress. The pro-apoptotic role of ATM and p53 in response to ionizing radiation (IR) has been widely investigated. Much less is known about the control of apoptosis following DNA replication stress. Recent work indicates that Chk1, the downstream phosphorylation target of ATR, protects cells from apoptosis induced by DNA replication inhibitors as well as IR. The aim of the work reported here was to determine the roles of ATM- and ATR-protein kinase cascades in the control of apoptosis following replication stress and the relationship between Chk1-suppressed apoptotic pathways responding to replication stress or IR. ATM and ATR/Chk1 signalling pathways were manipulated using siRNA-mediated depletions or specific inhibitors in two tumour cell lines or fibroblasts derived from patients with inherited mutations. We show that depletion of ATM or its downstream phosphorylation targets, NBS1 and BID, has relatively little effect on apoptosis induced by DNA replication inhibitors, while ATR or Chk1 depletion strongly enhances cell death induced by such agents in all cells tested. Furthermore, early events occurring after the disruption of DNA replication (accumulation of RPA foci and RPA34 hyperphosphorylation) in ATR- or Chk1-depleted cells committed to apoptosis are not detected in ATM-depleted cells. Unlike the Chk1-suppressed pathway responding to IR, the replication stress-triggered apoptotic pathway did not require ATM and is characterized by activation of caspase 3 in both p53-proficient and -deficient cells. Taken together, our results show that the ATR-Chk1 signalling pathway plays a major role in the regulation of death in response to DNA replication stress and that the Chk1-suppressed pathway protecting cells from replication stress is clearly distinguishable from that protecting cells from IR.