Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
An illustration of the advantages of efficient statistical methods for RFLP analysis in forensic science.

The debate about the statistics of DNA profiling in forensic science casework has been carried out mainly from the perspective which is generally known as "match/binning. " This approach has an initial appeal because of its apparent conceptual simplicity. However, the simplicity is illusory because it encourages misconceptions which obscure the essential forensic issues. This is exemplified in a recent report of the National Research Council, which places great emphasis on the need for conservative estimation of relative frequencies while missing the point that the power of RFLP technology cannot be realized if the matching stage is inefficient. Our approach to the problem is a one-stage rather than a two-stage process, by means of one function--the likelihood ratio--which determines the evidential strength. This paper describes experiments which have been carried out to assess the power of the method in forensic science and compares it with match/binning methodology. Tests for gauging the effects of between-probe dependence are included, with the results complementing those of Risch and Devlin.
Time-domain isolated phoneme classification using reconstructed phase spaces

This paper introduces a novel time-domain approach to modeling and classifying speech phoneme waveforms. The approach is based on statistical models of reconstructed phase spaces, which offer significant theoretical benefits as representations that are known to be topologically equivalent to the state dynamics of the underlying production system. The lag and dimension parameters of the reconstruction process for speech are examined in detail, comparing common estimation heuristics for these parameters with corresponding maximum likelihood recognition accuracy over the TIMIT data set. Overall accuracies are compared with a Mel-frequency cepstral baseline system across five different phonetic classes within TIMIT, and a composite classifier using both cepstral and phase space features is developed. Results indicate that although the accuracy of the phase space approach by itself is still currently below that of baseline cepstral methods, a combined approach is capable of increasing speaker independent phoneme accuracy.
Biomedical insights into cell adhesion and migration—from a viewpoint of central nervous system tumor immunology

Cell adhesion and migration is a central process in the development and maintenance of multicellular organisms (Friedl et al., 2012). Tissue formation during embryonic development, wound healing, and immune responses all require the fine-tuned, orchestrated movement of cells. In this regard, recent cutting-edge studies have elucidated how cell adhesion and migration achieve three-dimensional collective cell movement (Rørth, 2012; Matsui et al., 2015). That is, collective cell movement uses a mechanical guidance system where each cell in the cell groups individually but coordinately guides the global motion of the cell groups. This mechanism is involved in a variety of biological reactions such as embryonic morphogenesis, organogenesis, immune reactions, and/or carcinogenesis (Friedl and Gilmour, 2009). In this review article, we will particularly pick up immune reactions in central nervous system (CNS) and CNS tumors to look into the fine-tuned mechanisms how cell adhesion and migration are involved in physiological condition as well as pathological conditions.
A Planning based Framework for Essay Generation

Generating an article automatically with computer program is a challenging task in artificial intelligence and natural language processing. In this paper, we target at essay generation, which takes as input a topic word in mind and generates an organized article under the theme of the topic. We follow the idea of text planning \cite{Reiter1997} and develop an essay generation framework. The framework consists of three components, including topic understanding, sentence extraction and sentence reordering. For each component, we studied several statistical algorithms and empirically compared between them in terms of qualitative or quantitative analysis. Although we run experiments on Chinese corpus, the method is language independent and can be easily adapted to other language. We lay out the remaining challenges and suggest avenues for future research.
Rejoinder - Temporal Stochastic Inflation in Choice-Based Research

We examine the specification and interpretation of discrete-choice models used in behavioral theory testing, with a focus on separating “coefficient scale” from “error scale,” particularly over time. Numerous issues raised in the thoughtful commentaries of Louviere and Swait [Louviere, J., J. Swait. 2010. Discussion of “Alleviating the constant stochastic variance assumption in decision research: Theory, measurement, and experimental test. ” Marketing Sci.29(1) 18--22] and Hutchinson, Zauberman, and Meyer (HZM) [Hutchinson, J. W. , G. Zauberman, R. Meyer. 2010. On the interpretation of temporal inflation parameters in stochastic models of judgment and choice. Marketing Sci.29(1) 23--31] are addressed, specifically the roles of response scaling, preference covariates, actual versus hypothetical consumption, “immediacy,” and heterogeneity, as well as key differences between the experimental setup in Salisbury and Feinberg [Salisbury, L. C. , F. M. Feinberg. 2010. Alleviating the constant stochastic variance assumption in decision research: Theory, measurement, and experimental test. Marketing Sci.29(1) 1--17] and those typifying intertemporal choice and construal level theory. We strongly concur with most of the general conclusions put forth by the commentary authors, but we also emphasize a central point made in our research that may have been lost: that the temporal inflation effects observed in our empirical analysis could be attributed to stochastic effects, deterministic influences, or an amalgam; appropriate inferences depend on the nature of one's data and stimuli. We also report on further analyses of our data, as well as a meta-analysis of HZM's Table 1 that is consistent with our original findings. Implications for, and dimensions relevant to, future research on temporal stochastic inflation and its role in choice-based research are discussed.
The Moving Extended N-Cells handover algorithm in vehicular radio-over-fiber networks at 60GHz

The paper presents a candidate handover algorithm, i.e., the “Moving Extended N-Cells” (MENC algorithm), that supports high end-user mobility in vehicular Radio-over-Fiber Networks at 60 GHz and minimizes packet losses. The mathematical analysis regarding packet loss is presented against the corresponding “traditional” handover algorithm and it is then verified by the corresponding simulation study. The paper concludes by presenting the respective results.
Glomerular Infiltration by CXCR3+ ICOS+ Activated T Cells in Chronic Allograft Nephropathy with Transplant Glomerulopathy

The pathogeneses of chronic allograft nephropathy (CAN), a leading cause of allograft failure, and one of its complications, transplant glomerulopathy (TGP), are unknown. Immunohistologic analysis of human renal transplant biopsies showed expression of inducible costimulator (ICOS), the chemokine receptor CXCR3, and its ligands, Mig and IP‐10, by intraglomerular and periglomerular leukocytes in biopsies with CAN and TGP but not CAN alone. ICOS and CXCR3 are both characteristics of activated, effector T cells, suggesting different pathogenetic mechanisms underlying TGP vs. CAN. We conclude that targeting of specific chemokine and chemokine receptor pathways and/or ICOS may have clinical application in the prevention and treatment of TGP.
The gene is not dead, merely orphaned and seeking a home

SUMMARY Despite announcements and obituaries, news of the death of the gene has been greatly exaggerated, or so says the gene as it struggles to survive and find a safe haven from which to steer its course through development and evolution. In this short piece, I consider recent claims that the gene is dead. I conclude that the gene is alive and well, living and functioning in the cell, which is both its natural home and a fundamental unit of evo‐devo.
Environmental epigenetic transgenerational inheritance and somatic epigenetic mitotic stability

The majority of environmental factors can not modify DNA sequence, but can influence the epigenome. The mitotic stability of the epigenome and ability of environmental epigenetics to influence phenotypic variation and disease, suggests environmental epigenetics will have a critical role in disease etiology and biological areas such as evolutionary biology. The current review presents the molecular basis of how environment can promote stable epigenomes and modified phenotypes, and distinguishes the difference between epigenetic transgenerational inheritance through the germ line versus somatic cell mitotic stability.
Chemostats with random inputs and wall growth

Chemostat refers to a laboratory device used for growing microorganisms in a cultured environment and has been regarded as an idealization of nature to study competition modeling in mathematical biology. The simple form of chemostat model assumes that the availability of nutrient and its supply rate are both fixed. In addition, the tendency of microorganisms to adhere to surfaces is neglected by assuming the flow rate is fast enough. However, these assumptions largely limit the applicability of chemostat models to realistic competition systems. In this paper, we relax these assumptions and study chemostat models with random nutrient supplying rate or random input nutrient concentration, with or without wall growth. This leads to random dynamical systems and requires the concept of random attractors developed in the theory of random dynamical systems. Our results include existence of uniformly bounded non‐negative solutions, existence of random attractors, and geometric details of random attractors for different value of parameters. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Static Data Race Analysis for C

This is a survey of sound race detection techniques for C. While the basic lockset algorithm is at the core of most analyzers, the key challenge is to propagate pointer information context-sensitively. The bulk of the paper is, therefore, concerned with different solutions to the problem of context-sensitive pointer alias analysis in the context of race detection. These are the solutions used in the Locksmith, CoBE, and Relay analyzers. Other problems for sound static race detection are then
A Novel Clustering Method for Analysis of Biological Networks using Maximal Components of Graphs

This poster proposes a novel clustering method for analyzing biological networks. In this method, each biological network is treated as an undirected graph and edges are weighted based on similarities of nodes. Then, maximal components, which are defined based on edge connectivity, are computed and the nodes are partitioned into clusters by selecting disjoint maximal components. The proposed method was applied to clustering of protein sequences and was compared with conventional clustering methods. The obtained clusters were evaluated using P-values for GO (GeneOntology) terms. The average P-values for the proposed method were better than those for other methods.
Strengthening the Argument for Rapid Brain MR Imaging: Estimation of Reduction in Lifetime Attributable Risk of Developing Fatal Cancer in Children with Shunted Hydrocephalus by Instituting a Rapid Brain MR Imaging Protocol in Lieu of Head CT

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Children with shunted hydrocephalus have been undergoing surveillance neuroimaging, generally in the form of head CT, for evaluation of ventricular size. As the life expectancy of these children has improved due to better shunt technology and medical care, risks related to the ionizing radiation incurred during multiple head CT examinations that they are expected to undergo throughout their lifetime have become a concern. The purpose of this study is to estimate the LAR of developing fatal cancer due to head CT for ventricular size assessment in children with shunted hydrocephalus and to assess the impact of instituting a rapid brain MR imaging protocol in reducing radiation exposure. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Retrospective review of medical records yielded 182 patients who underwent neuroimaging for assessment of ventricular size. Available neuroimaging studies (head CT and rapid brain MR) were counted and annual neuroimaging frequency was calculated. It was assumed that these patients undergo a similar number of neuroimaging studies annually through 20 years of age. A risk estimate was calculated based on the BEIR VII report and effective doses obtained using the International Commission on Radiologic Protection Report 103 organ weighting factors. RESULTS: The mean annual neuroimaging study frequency was 2.1. Based on the average age of 1.89 years, it was assumed neuroimaging surveillance commences in the second year of life. LAR was calculated assuming that a patient undergoes neuroimaging in the form of head CT at this frequency (2/year) through 20 years of age. Assuming 2 scans are performed per year and the low-dose head CT protocol is used, approximately 1 excess lifetime fatal cancer would be generated per 230 patients; with standard head CT, there would be 1 excess lifetime fatal cancer per 97 patients. CONCLUSIONS: Children with shunted hydrocephalus are at increased risk of developing fatal cancer if they are to undergo surveillance using head CT. Implementation of a rapid brain MR imaging protocol with no radiation detriment will reduce this risk.
Commentary on Inter-domain Routing

Status of this Memo This memo provides information for the Internet community. It does not specify an Internet standard of any kind. Distribution of this memo is unlimited. Abstract This document examines the various longer term trends visible within the characteristics of the Internet's BGP table and identifies a number of operational practices and protocol factors that contribute to these trends. The potential impacts of these practices and protocol properties on the scaling properties of the inter-domain routing space are examined.
Levels of Undecidability in Infinitary Rewriting: Normalization and Reachability

In [EGZ09] it has been shown that infinitary strong normalization (SNi) is Pi-1-1-complete. Suprisingly, it turns out that infinitary weak normalization (WNi) is a harder problem, being Pi-1-2-complete, and thereby strictly higher in the analytical hierarchy.
Guidelines for Developing Yoga Interventions for Randomized Trials

Little guidance is available to assist researchers in developing treatment protocols for research on yoga for health concerns. Because yoga is a complex multifactorial mind-body discipline historically developed for nonmedical purposes, numerous decisions must be made in order to thoughtfully develop such protocols. In this paper, a systematic approach is proposed to assist researchers in selecting an intervention that is appropriate for the condition under consideration and explicitly developed. Researchers need to consider the type or “style” of yoga, the components to include (e.g., breathing exercises, postures) as well as the specific protocol for each component, the dose to be delivered (frequency, duration of practice, and the total duration of practice), and issues related to selection of instructors and monitoring the fidelity to the intervention. Each of these domains and the key issues for the development of protocols is discussed. Finally, some areas for further research related to protocol development are recommended.
CITREC : An Evaluation Framework for Citation-Based Similarity Measures based on TREC Genomics and PubMed Central

Citation-based similarity measures such as Bibliographic Coupling and Co-Citation are an integral component of many information retrieval systems. However, comparisons of the strengths and weaknesses of measures are challenging due to the lack of suitable test collections. This paper presents CITREC, an open evaluation framework for citation-based and text-based similarity measures. CITREC prepares the data from the PubMed Central Open Access Subset and the TREC Genomics collection for a citation-based analysis and provides tools necessary for performing evaluations of similarity measures. To account for different evaluation purposes, CITREC implements 35 citation-based and text-based similarity measures, and features two gold standards. The first gold standard uses the Medical Subject Headings (MeSH) thesaurus and the second uses the expert relevance feedback that is part of the TREC Genomics collection to gauge similarity. CITREC additionally offers a system that allows creating user-defined gold standards to adapt the evaluation framework to individual information needs and evaluation purposes.
Functional Substrates of Social Odor Processing within the Corticomedial Amygdala: Implications for Reproductive Behavior in Male Syrian Hamsters

Adaptive reproductive behavior requires the ability to recognize and approach possible mating partners in the environment. Syrian hamsters (Mesocricetus auratus) provide a useful animal model by which to study the neural processing of sexual signals, as mate recognition in this species relies almost exclusively on the perception of social odors. In the laboratory, male hamsters prefer to investigate female odors compared to male odors, and this opposite-sex odor preference provides a sensitive measure of the underlying neural processing of sexual stimuli. In addition to chemosensory cues, reproductive behavior in hamsters also requires sufficient levels of circulating gonadal steroid hormones, which reflect the reproductive state of the animal. These chemosensory and hormone signals are processed within an interconnected network of ventral forebrain nuclei, and within this network, the posteromedial cortical amygdala (PMCo) and medial amygdala (MA) are the only nuclei that both receive substantial chemosensory input and are also highly sensitive to steroid hormones. Although a large body of evidence suggests that the MA is critical for generating attraction to sexual odors, the specific role of the PMCo in regulating odor-guided aspects of male reproductive behavior has never been directly tested. Furthermore, detailed analyses of the MA suggest that separate, but interconnected sub-regions within this nucleus process odors differently. Specifically, the anterior MA (MeA) receives the majority of chemosensory input and responds to a variety of social odors, whereas the posterodorsal MA (MePD) receives less chemosensory input but contains the vast majority of steroid receptors. In order to further elucidate how the PMCo and/or MA process sexual odors, this dissertation addressed the following research questions: (1) Is the PMCo required for the expression of either opposite-sex odor preferences or male copulatory behavior? (2) Are functional interactions between MeA and MePD required for the expression of opposite-sex odor preferences? (3) How do MeA and MePD regulate odor responses within the MePD and MeA, respectively? (4) Are odor and/or hormone cues conveyed directly between MeA and MePD? Together, these experiments provide a comprehensive analysis of the functional and neuroanatomical substrates by which the brain processes sexual odors and generates appropriate behavioral responses to these stimuli. INDEX WORDS: Hamster, Olfaction, Odor preference, Copulatory behavior, Medial amygdala, Posteromedial cortical amygdala FUNCTIONAL SUBSTRATES OF SOCIAL ODOR PROCESSING WITHIN THE CORTICOMEDIAL AMYGDALA: IMPLICATIONS FOR REPRODUCTIVE BEHAVIOR IN MALE SYRIAN HAMSTERS
Fœtal Homeostasis: Conceptus-Ovary Endocrine Balance

Miss Kathleen Boonnan (Blood Transfusion Centre, Sutton) said she wished to discuss the question of ABO antibody because something was known about it which perhaps added to the puzzle. Anti-A frequently crossed the placenta from the mother to the A baby. It was known that there was often free anti-A in anA baby which was clinically quite normal. It was also known that there was anti-A attached to infant cells and that anti-A could be eluted from infant cells where the infant was clinically quite normal. On the other hand it was known that sometimes these babies were affected with hmmolytic disease, occasionally sufficiently severe to require exchange transfusion. She had also known one or two cases where babies at post-mortem examination were shown to have kernicterus when the causative antibody appeared to be anti-A. It was a very wide problem, perhaps linked with Dr Currie's problem, as to why these destructive antibodies had got to the place where they could be destructive and yet had no ill effect. This failure to have the expected ill effect was something in which Miss Boorman was personally very interested.
SIRT1 Functions as an Important Regulator of Estrogen-Mediated Cardiomyocyte Protection in Angiotensin II-Induced Heart Hypertrophy

Background. Sirtuin 1 (SIRT1) is a member of the sirtuin family, which could activate cell survival machinery and has been shown to be protective in regulation of heart function. Here, we determined the mechanism by which SIRT1 regulates Angiotensin II- (AngII-) induced cardiac hypertrophy and injury in vivo and in vitro. Methods. We analyzed SIRT1 expression in the hearts of control and AngII-induced mouse hypertrophy. Female C57BL/6 mice were ovariectomized and pretreated with 17β-estradiol to measure SIRT1 expression. Protein synthesis, cardiomyocyte surface area analysis, qRT-PCR, TUNEL staining, and Western blot were performed on AngII-induced mouse heart hypertrophy samples and cultured neonatal rat ventricular myocytes (NRVMs) to investigate the function of SIRT1. Results. SIRT1 expression was slightly upregulated in AngII-induced mouse heart hypertrophy in vivo and in vitro, accompanied by elevated cardiomyocyte apoptosis. SIRT1 overexpression relieves AngII-induced cardiomyocyte hypertrophy and apoptosis. 17β-Estradiol was able to protect cardiomyocytes from AngII-induced injury with a profound upregulation of SIRT1 and activation of AMPK. Moreover, estrogen receptor inhibitor ICI 182,780 and SIRT1 inhibitor niacinamide could block SIRT1's protective effect. Conclusions. These results indicate that SIRT1 functions as an important regulator of estrogen-mediated cardiomyocyte protection during AngII-induced heart hypertrophy and injury.
Dynamic and Auto Responsive Solution for Distributed Denial-of-Service Attacks Detection in ISP Network

Denial of service (DoS) attacks and more particularly the distributed ones (DDoS) are one of the latest threat and pose a grave danger to users, organizations and infrastructures of the Internet. Several schemes have been proposed on how to detect some of these attacks, but they suffer from a range of problems, some of them being impractical and others not being effective against these attacks. This paper reports the design principles and evaluation results of our proposed framework that autonomously detects and accurately characterizes a wide range of flooding DDoS attacks in ISP network. Attacks are detected by the constant monitoring of propagation of abrupt traffic changes inside ISP network. For this, a newly designed flow-volume based approach (FVBA) is used to construct profile of the traffic normally seen in the network, and identify anomalies whenever traffic goes out of profile. Consideration of varying tolerance factors make proposed detection system scalable to the varying network conditions and attack loads in real time. Six-sigma method is used to identify threshold values accurately for malicious flows characterization. FVBA has been extensively evaluated in a controlled test-bed environment. Detection thresholds and efficiency is justified using receiver operating characteristics (ROC) curve. For validation, KDD 99, a publicly available benchmark dataset is used. The results show that our proposed system gives a drastic improvement in terms of detection and false alarm rate.