Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
TAXONOMIC AND PHYLOGENETIC STUDIES ON THE GENUS MUNTIACUS

Muntiacus(Artiodactyla:Cervidae) is only found in tropical and subtropical areas of south Asia.We examined nearly 200 skulls and skins, read a part of the articles on the fossil of this genus, to inquire into its origin, differentiation and phylogeny. 10 effective species comprise the genus, 5 of which are fossil species. Fossil species: M.nanus Teilhard(late Pliocene and early Pleistocene, in southeast Shanxi and Yuenmou, Yunnan, China). M.cf.nanus Teilhard et TrassaertGate Miocene, in Lufeng, Yunnan). Mjenghoensis Chow(late Pliocene to early Pleistocene, in Jaocheng, Shanxi China). M.lacustris Teilhard et Trassaertdate Pliocene to early Pleistocene, in so- theast Shanxi and Yuanmou, Yunnan China). M.bohlini Teilhard (early Pleistocene, at Niheuan Xianhua, Hebei and Zhoukoudien near Beijing, China). Existing species: M.reevesi Ogilby(Chinese muntjac). M . rooseveltorum Osgood(Roosevelt's muntiac). M.crinifrons Sclater (Black muntjac). M.feae Thomas et Doria(Fea's muntjac). M.muntjak Zimmermann(Indian muntjac). By comparison and analysis, we come to the conclusion: 1. M.rooseveltorum is not a hybrid of M.muntjak and M.reevesi. 4 pieces of skin of M.rooseveltorum purchased in west Yunnan(place of produc- tion is indefinite)are deposited in Kunming Institute of Zoology.It is a new record in China.M. lachrymans teesdalei described by Lydekker(1915) as having relatively small preorbital pit and premaxillae separated from nasals, should be M.rooseveltorum. Groves(1982)describes a new species, Muntiacus atherodes, should be M.muntjak, his holotype(BM71.3088)in fact, is a su-badult male without formed antler branches. 2. The developmental trend of Muntiacus is from the grassland of low hill, gully and shrub to deciduous forest of moderate and high mountains. Morphologically, the antler pedicels become longer, ears bigger, limbs longer, lateral toes degenerated, frontal glands developed. 3. Male Muntiacus has a pair of short antlers which are divided into two branches.The antler pedicels are long.The frontal sides are provided with ridges extending from pedicel to P~3.In living species the frontal and chin glands are found.An evolutionary tree is established(fig. 5). 4. From the geological age of the fossil and the distribution of living species, we presume that Muntiacus evolved in mid-or late-Pliocene. The origin place may be north and southwest of China. 5. The earliest fossil record of M.reevesi shows that it evolved in early and mid-Pleistocene, of M.muntjak mid-and late-Pleistocene.M. mun-tjak is still living in islands of Ceylon, Java, Sumatra, Borneo and Hainan etc. That means that the existing muntjac originated in early or mid-Pleistocene, as these islands were separated from the main continent. 6. Of the existing five species, M.reevesi and M.feae are smaller or medium in size, antler pedicals shorter, limbs shorter, lateral toes developed, chromosome diploids more, with more primitive ancestral characteristics.Their fossils told us that they lived in early and mid-Pleistocene.We infer that the two species had formed two branches before mid-Pleistocene.
Critical Velocity, Maximal Lactate Steady State, and Muscle MCT1 and MCT4 after Exhaustive Running in Mice

Although the critical velocity (CV) protocol has been used to determine the aerobic capacity in rodents, there is a lack of studies that compare CV with maximal lactate steady state intensity (iMLSS) in mice. As a consequence, their physiological and molecular responses after exercise until exhaustion at CV intensity remain unclear. Thus, we aimed to compare and correlate CV with iMLSS in running mice, following different mathematical models for CV estimation. We also evaluated their physiological responses and muscle MCT1 and MCT4 after running until exhaustion at CV. Thirty C57BL/6J mice were divided into two groups (exercised-E and control-C). Group E was submitted to a CV protocol (4 days), using linear (lin1 and lin2) and hyperbolic (hyp) mathematical models to determine the distance, velocity, and time to exhaustion (tlim) of each predictive CV trial, followed by an MLSS protocol. After a running effort until exhaustion at CV intensity, the mice were immediately euthanized, while group C was euthanized at rest. No differences were observed between iMLSS (21.1 ± 1.1 m.min−1) and CV estimated by lin1 (21.0 ± 0.9 m.min−1, p = 0.415), lin2 (21.3 ± 0.9 m.min−1, p = 0.209), and hyp (20.6 ± 0.9 m.min−1, p = 0.914). According to the results, CV was significantly correlated with iMLSS. After running until exhaustion at CV (tlim = 28.4 ± 8,29 min), group E showed lower concentrations of hepatic and gluteal glycogen than group C, but no difference in the content of MCT1 (p = 0.933) and MCT4 (p = 0.123) in soleus muscle. Significant correlations were not found between MCT1 and MCT4 and tlim at CV intensity. Our results reinforce that CV is a valid and non-invasive protocol to estimate the maximal aerobic capacity in mice and that the content of MCT1 and MCT4 was not decisive in determining the tlim at CV, at least when measured immediately after the running effort.
Research on fluvial archives: from diversity to multidisciplinarity

Cet article introduit le numero special issu de la session S10A de la 8e conference de l’Association Internationale de Geomorphologie (AIG), qui s’est tenue a Paris du 27 au 31 aout 2013. Cette session a ete organise conjointement par le FLuvial Archives Group (FLAG), le GLObal Continental PalaeoHydrology group (GLOCOPH), et le Past Global Changes (PAGES) project-Focus 4. L’organisation de sessions conjointes autour de la thematique des paleoenvironnements fluviatiles lors des grands colloques internationaux tels l’AIG ou les colloques de l’INQUA (union internationale pour l’etude du Quaternaire) est devenue habituelle. Elle facilite de fait les echanges entre chercheurs qui, bien que pouvant avoir des approches ou des objectifs differents, ont en commun le souhait de mieux apprehender le fonctionnement des systemes fluviaux a des echelles de temps plus ou moins longues, en rapport avec l’ensemble des dynamiques environnementales et avec les societes humaines. Le present article vise ainsi a presenter les differents groupes de recherches impliques sur ces thematiques. La diversite des archives fluviales et de leurs apports est ensuite evoquee, ce qui permet ensuite de voir comment les groupes de recherches apprehendent la question des forcages externes (tectonique, climat, societes humaines). Enfin les articles composant ce numero special sont presentes.
Structure and Color Gradients of Ultradiffuse Galaxies in Distant Massive Galaxy Clusters

We have measured structural parameters and radial color profiles of 108 ultradiffuse galaxies (UDGs), carefully selected from six distant massive galaxy clusters in the Hubble Frontier Fields (HFF) in a redshift range from 0.308 to 0.545. Our best-fitting GALFIT models show that the HFF UDGs have a median Sérsic index of 1.09, which is close to 0.86 for local UDGs in the Coma cluster. The median axis-ratio value is 0.68 for HFF UDGs and 0.74 for Coma UDGs, respectively. The structural similarity between HFF and Coma UDGs suggests that they are the same kind of galaxies seen at different times, and that the structures of UDGs do not change at least for several billion years. By checking the distribution of HFF UDGs in the rest-frame UVJ and UVI diagrams, we find a large fraction of them are star forming. Furthermore, a majority of HFF UDGs show small U − V color gradients within the 1 ∗ R e,SMA region, and the fluctuation of the median radial color profile of HFF UDGs is smaller than 0.1 mag, which is compatible to Coma UDGs. Our results indicate that cluster UDGs may fade or quench in a self-similar way, irrespective of the radial distance, in less than ∼4 Gyr.
Tratando dados desbalanceados em classificação hierárquica

Resumo—Em tarefas de classificação de dados, existem limitações que podem prejudicar o desempenho de alguns algoritmos tradicionais de Aprendizado de Máquina, como, por exemplo, o desbalanceamento das amostras das classes de um conjunto de dados. Para mitigar tal problema, algumas alternativas têm sido alvos de pesquisas nos últimos anos, tal como o desenvolvimento de técnicas para o balanceamento artificial de dados, a modificação de algoritmos para que possam lidar com dados desbalanceados e a proposta de novos algoritmos para tal. Uma tarefa de classificação que tem ganhado importância nos últimos anos é a de classificação hierárquica, em que as classes são organizadas em hierarquias, normalmente na forma de árvore ou DAG (Direct Acyclic Graph). Nessa tarefa, é comum a presença de desbalanceamento entre as classes em níveis diferentes e em um mesmo nível da hierarquia. O tratamento de dados desbalanceados em classificação hierárquica é uma tarefa pouco explorada. Este artigo tem por objetivo investigar as limitações das abordagens existentes e alternativas para minimizar os efeitos de dados desbalanceados em problemas de classificação hierárquica. Os experimentos realizados mostram que é necessário levar em consideração as características das classes hierárquicas para a aplicação (ou não) de técnicas para tratar problemas dados desbalanceados em classificação hierárquica.
Recent Advances in Biological Applications of Aptamer-Based Fluorescent Biosensors

Aptamers have been spotlighted as promising bio-recognition elements because they can be tailored to specific target molecules, bind to targets with a high affinity and specificity, and are easy to chemically synthesize and introduce functional groups to. In particular, fluorescent aptasensors are widely used in biological applications to diagnose diseases as well as prevent diseases by detecting cancer cells, viruses, and various biomarkers including nucleic acids and proteins as well as biotoxins and bacteria from food because they have the advantages of a high sensitivity, selectivity, rapidity, a simple detection process, and a low price. We introduce screening methods for isolating aptamers with q high specificity and summarize the sequences and affinities of the aptamers in a table. This review focuses on aptamer-based fluorescence detection sensors for biological applications, from fluorescent probes to mechanisms of action and signal amplification strategies.
Defect two-point functions in 6D (2,0) theories

We consider correlation functions in 6d $(2,0)$ theories of two $\frac{1}{2}$-BPS operators inserted away from a $\frac{1}{2}$-BPS surface defect. In the large central charge limit the leading connected contribution corresponds to sums of tree-level Witten diagram in AdS$_7\times$S$^4$ in the presence of an AdS$_3$ defect. We show that these correlators can be uniquely determined by imposing only superconformal symmetry and consistency conditions, eschewing the details of the complicated effective Lagrangian. We explicitly compute all such two-point functions. The result exhibits remarkable hidden simplicity.
Rehabilitation Exercises Supported by Monitor-Augmented Reality for Patients with High-Grade Glioma Undergoing Radiotherapy: Results of a Randomized Clinical Trial

Background: Exercise has been shown to improve quality of life (QoL) and even treatment outcomes in cancer patients. However, the evidence to support the benefits of exercise in patients with high-grade glioma (HGG) is limited. Therefore, we performed a randomized clinical trial (RCT) to examine the effect of augmented-reality-based rehabilitation exercises on physical and functional fitness, cognitive function, fatigue, mood, QoL, selected blood parameters, brain derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), and S100 protein in patients with HGG. Methods: Adult patients with HGG scheduled to undergo radiotherapy after tumor resection were randomized to participate in an exercise program (experimental group, n = 25) or to receive usual care (controls, n = 22). Physical and mental fitness was measured at baseline, after the completion of radiotherapy, and at 3 months. The following tests were administered: Handgrip Strength Test; 6-Minute Walk Test; Time Up and Go test; Functional Independent Measure scale; Addenbrooke’s Cognitive Examination III (ACE III); Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale; Functional Cancer Therapy Assessment—Brain; and Functional Assessment of Chronic Illness Therapy—Fatigue. We also measured blood parameters, BDNF, and S100 protein levels. Results: No significant changes were observed in the exercise group. However, the controls experienced a significant decrease in HGS and in the ACE III attention domain. No significant changes were observed in QoL, fatigue, BDNF, or S100 levels in either group. Conclusions: Augmented-reality-based exercise during radiation therapy may prevent loss of muscle strength and attention in patients with HGG.
Production and In Situ Modification of Bacterial Cellulose Gels in Raisin Side-Stream Extracts Using Nanostructures Carrying Thyme Oil: Their Physicochemical/Textural Characterization and Use as Antimicrobial Cheese Packaging

We report the production of BC gels by Komagataeibacter sucrofermentans in synthetic (Hestrin and Schramm; HS) and natural media (raisin finishing side-stream extracts; RFSE), and their in situ modification by natural zeolite (Zt) and activated carbon (AC) nanostructures (NSs) carrying thyme oil (Th). The NS content for optimum BC yield was 0.64 g/L for both Zt-Th (2.56 and 1.47 g BC/L in HS and RFSE, respectively), and AC-Th (1.78 and 0.96 g BC/L in HS and RFSE, respectively). FTIR spectra confirmed the presence of NS and Th in the modified BCs, which, compared to the control, had reduced specific surface area (from 5.7 to 0.2–0.8 m2/g), average pore diameter (from 264 to 165–203 Å), cumulative pore volume (from 0.084 to 0.003–0.01 cm3/g), crystallinity index (CI) (from 72 to 60–70%), and crystallite size (from 78 to 72–76%). These values (except CI and CS), slightly increased after the use of the BC films as antimicrobial coatings on white cheese for 2 months at 4 °C. Tensile properties analysis showed that the addition of NSs resulted in a decrease of elasticity, tensile strength, and elongation at break values. The best results regarding an antimicrobial effect as cheese coating were obtained in the case of the RFSE/AC-Th BC.
Seismic observations of transition-zone discontinuities beneath hotspot locations

The seismic structure of the transition-zone discontinuities was studied beneath the forty-nine hotspot locations of the catalog of Courtillot et al. (2003), using a global data set of SS precursors. Some of these hotspots are proposed to originate from plumes rising in the upper mantle or from the core-mantle boundary region. I found thin transition zones in approximately two-thirds of the twenty-six hotspot locations for which precursor observations could be made. This observation agrees with the expectation for the olivine phase transition of a systematically thin transition zone in high-temperature regions. Other hotspot locations showed a clear deepening of both the 410- and 660-km discontinuities, which is consistent with a phase transition from majorite garnet to perovskite at a depth of 660 km. Predictions from mineral physics suggest that this transition is more important than the olivine phase transition in regions with high mantle temperatures. So, a hotspot location with a deep 410-km discontinuity in combination with either a shallow or deep 660-km discontinuity might be consistent with hot upwellings rising from the lower into the upper mantle. Hotspot locations with a shallow 410-km discontinuity are not in agreement with a positive thermal anomaly from the surface down to the mantle transition zone. This new interpretation of seismic discontinuities in the transition zone has important implications for our understanding of geodynamics in potential mantle plume location
Type VI Secretion System Accessory Protein TagAB-5 Promotes Burkholderia pseudomallei Pathogenicity in Human Microglia

Central nervous system (CNS) melioidosis caused by Burkholderia pseudomallei is being increasingly reported. Because of the high mortality associated with CNS melioidosis, understanding the underlying mechanism of B. pseudomallei pathogenesis in the CNS needs to be intensively investigated to develop better therapeutic strategies against this deadly disease. The type VI secretion system (T6SS) is a multiprotein machine that uses a spring-like mechanism to inject effectors into target cells to benefit the infection process. In this study, the role of the T6SS accessory protein TagAB-5 in B. pseudomallei pathogenicity was examined using the human microglial cell line HCM3, a unique resident immune cell of the CNS acting as a primary mediator of inflammation. We constructed B. pseudomallei tagAB-5 mutant and complementary strains by the markerless allele replacement method. The effects of tagAB-5 deletion on the pathogenicity of B. pseudomallei were studied by bacterial infection assays of HCM3 cells. Compared with the wild type, the tagAB-5 mutant exhibited defective pathogenic abilities in intracellular replication, multinucleated giant cell formation, and induction of cell damage. Additionally, infection by the tagAB-5 mutant elicited a decreased production of interleukin 8 (IL-8) in HCM3, suggesting that efficient pathogenicity of B. pseudomallei is required for IL-8 production in microglia. However, no significant differences in virulence in the Galleria mellonella model were observed between the tagAB-5 mutant and the wild type. Taken together, this study indicated that microglia might be an important intracellular niche for B. pseudomallei, particularly in CNS infection, and TagAB-5 confers B. pseudomallei pathogenicity in these cells.
Evolving the Era of 5D Ultrasound? A Systematic Literature Review on the Applications for Artificial Intelligence Ultrasound Imaging in Obstetrics and Gynecology

Artificial intelligence (AI) has gained prominence in medical imaging, particularly in obstetrics and gynecology (OB/GYN), where ultrasound (US) is the preferred method. It is considered cost effective and easily accessible but is time consuming and hindered by the need for specialized training. To overcome these limitations, AI models have been proposed for automated plane acquisition, anatomical measurements, and pathology detection. This study aims to overview recent literature on AI applications in OB/GYN US imaging, highlighting their benefits and limitations. For the methodology, a systematic literature search was performed in the PubMed and Cochrane Library databases. Matching abstracts were screened based on the PICOS (Participants, Intervention or Exposure, Comparison, Outcome, Study type) scheme. Articles with full text copies were distributed to the sections of OB/GYN and their research topics. As a result, this review includes 189 articles published from 1994 to 2023. Among these, 148 focus on obstetrics and 41 on gynecology. AI-assisted US applications span fetal biometry, echocardiography, or neurosonography, as well as the identification of adnexal and breast masses, and assessment of the endometrium and pelvic floor. To conclude, the applications for AI-assisted US in OB/GYN are abundant, especially in the subspecialty of obstetrics. However, while most studies focus on common application fields such as fetal biometry, this review outlines emerging and still experimental fields to promote further research.
An efficient enzymatic approach for the detection of glucose and uric acid from blood serum

Hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) is one of the significant reactive oxygen species (ROS) in living organisms, which is produced through mitochondrial respiration. The aberrant generation of H2O2 leads to complex diseases. The current study is focused on the preparation of highly effective fluorescent biopolymeric organic nanoparticles for the detection of H2O2. The synthesized compounds are highly selective towards H2O2 in presence of an enzyme horseradish peroxidase (HRP). In-situ generation of fluorogenic polymeric NPs by enzymatic cascade reactions recognize H2O2 in blood serum. This novel approach is suitable for the detection of elevated glucose and uric acid in blood serum in case of diabetic and gout condition through H2O2 detection. This method could hold the place of future diagnostic tool for various complex diseases including diabetes and gout.
Cellular and Molecular Biology

: Cyanovirin-N (CVN) is well known as an anti-HIV protein. The efficient production of low cost microbicides for preventing the HIV-infection has lately become a requirement worldwide. The aim of the present study was to optimize the expression of antiviral Cyanovirin-N homology gene found in the indigenous strain of Nostoc ellipsospourum LZN using Response Surface Methodology (RSM) and Protein Structure Analysis. Optimization of three induction factors (IPTG concentration (0.1, 0.55 and 1mM), temperature for bacterial growth (20, 28.5 and 37°C) and induction time (4, 10 and 16h) was done using RSM and Box-Behnken Design. Total RNA extraction was performed and mRNA levels were quantified in each experimental design by one-step SYBR qPCR. Protein structure was predicted using I-TASSER server. The full-length sequence of LZN-CVN gene is 306 bp in length, due mostly to five mutations. RSM analysis showed that the optimum condition to obtain maximum fold change was a concentration of 0.6mM IPTG, temperature set to 29°C and a 12h long induction time. The extracted protein from periplasmic fraction (8 kDa) was verified via SDS-PAGE. The high percentage of LZN-CVN similarity was demonstrated with PDB (Protein Data Bank) accession code of 2rp3A (CVN domain B mutant) and the ligand binding sites were related to N42, V43, D44, G45, S52, N53 and E56 residues. Different expres - sion systems could assist in the development of anti-HIV proteins in a large scale. The LZN-CVN protein was successfully expressed in the E.coli system. RSM could be applied to a series of mathematical and statistical methods for modeling and analysis of responses which are influenced by various variables of interest.
Growth Spillovers: Separating the Impact of Cultural Distance from Geographic Distance

While recent advances in communications technology have effectively reduced the physical distance that knowledge and innovations have to travel between countries, cultural differences between countries still limit the ease with which innovations are transferred and adapted. So, countries with common cultural or linguistic characteristics can share technology and innovations more easily. This paper separates out the impact of cultural spillovers from geographic spillovers using the data on bilateral genetic distance used by Spolaore and Wacziarg (2009). We find that greater growth spillovers occur between countries that are geographically closer and also between countries that are culturally similar. We also find that there are greater growth spillovers between countries that have greater bilateral trust, even when one controls for the bilateral geographic distance.