Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The position and size of individual focal adhesions are determined by intracellular stress‐dependent positive regulation

It remains unclear how the subcellular positions and sizes of individual focal adhesions (FAs) are determined in stationary cells. The elucidation of spatial regulation mechanisms is important for accurate understanding of the cellular response to mechanical stress. Through a theoretical analysis on previously reported cell behavior, the present study demonstrates a close correlation between the appearances of mechanosensitive elements and intracellular stress reflecting traction stress that the cell exerts on the substrate. The magnitude and distribution of stress were predicted in this analysis by mimicking intrinsic actomyosin contraction independent of extracellular stimuli. Positions of FAs and actin stress fibers corresponded to the local maximum and minimum stress points, respectively, and thus were determined by the global configuration of cell adhesions. Furthermore, their subcellular sizes were in agreement with the predicted stress magnitudes that were dependent on the local mechanical environment. These results suggest that a positive regulation (i.e., force and cell adhesion enhance each other) functions in the organization of individual FAs in nonmigrating cells. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Talking About Government

Abstract This article examines the phenomenon of ‘magic’ concepts – those key terms which seem to be pervasive among both academics and practitioners. Within that category our focus is on ‘governance’, ‘accountability’ and ‘networks’. Our prime purpose is to map their meanings and how they are used. Following an analysis of a wide range of literature – both academic and practitioner – we find that these concepts have properties in common which help promote their popularity. A high degree of abstraction, a strongly positive normative charge, a seeming ability to dissolve previous dilemmas and binary oppositions and a mobility across domains, give them their ‘magic’ character. Limitations are also identified. Magic concepts are useful, but potentially seductive. They should not be stretched to purposes for which they are not fitted.
Uptake of 2-[18F]fluoro-2-deoxy-D-glucose in uterine leiomyoma: imaging of four patients by coincidence positron emission tomography

Uterine leiomyomas, benign tumours of the human uterus, are the most common uterine neoplasm and are composed of smooth muscle with varying amounts of fibrous connective tissue. As a functional imaging modality, 2-[18F]fluoro-2-deoxy-D-glucose (18F-FDG) positron emission tomography can be used to obtain information about glucose metabolism in tissues. In this study, the findings of the 18F-FDG scans of four patients who were suspected of having malignant gynaecological tumours because of clinical and radiological findings and finally diagnosed as uterine leiomyoma based on histopathological examination were evaluated. Moderately intense 18F-FDG accumulation was detected in uterine mass localization in lower pelvis. The reason for the accumulation of 18F-FDG in uterine leiomyomas is not known. It may be explained by the existence of higher levels of growth factors, including basic fibroblast growth factor, transforming growth factor beta, granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor and receptors, and proliferation of smooth muscle cells in leiomatous uterus.
Routing Table Compaction in Ternary CAM

Techniques are presented for reducing the size of routing tables stored in ternary content-addressable memory (CAM), which result in decreased cost, power consumption, and thermal dissipation. CAM allows simultaneous comparison between all indexes and the key (the destination IP address), and the entry corresponding to the matched index can be obtained directly. CAM's main advantage is that search time is bounded by a single memory access; thus, it can guarantee high lookup throughput. There are two types of CAM: binary, where each bit position, stores only 0 or 1, and ternary, where each bit position can store 0, 1, or don't care. Ternary CAM (TCAM) could solve the longest-prefix-matching problem more directly than binary CAM. In addition to the index, TCAM also stores a separate mask for each entry. The mask specifies which bits in the index are active, thereby specifying the variable-length prefix.
Graphs of curves on infinite-type surfaces with mapping class group actions

We study when the mapping class group of an infinite-type surface $S$ admits an action with unbounded orbits on a connected graph whose vertices are simple closed curves on $S$. We introduce a topological invariant for infinite-type surfaces that determines in many cases whether there is such an action. This allows us to conclude that, as non-locally compact topological groups, many big mapping class groups have nontrivial coarse geometry in the sense of Rosendal.
Development of new robust techniques of watermarkingfor the security of digital images

This work presents an image watermarking method with blind detection based on amplitude modulation. Basically, the watermark embedding is performed by modifying the pixel values in the blue channel of an image, while the watermark retrieval is achieved by using a prediction technique based on a linear combination of nearby pixel values around the embedded pixels. The experimental results obtained in this work clearly show the effectiveness and robustness of the proposed method and present a few improvements over the published methods of watermarking based on amplitude modulation.
Multidimensional ESPRIT for Damped and Undamped Signals: Algorithm, Computations, and Perturbation Analysis

In this paper, we present and analyze the performance of multidimensional ESPRIT (<inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$N$</tex-math></inline-formula>-D ESPRIT) method for estimating parameters of <inline-formula><tex-math notation="LaTeX">$N$</tex-math></inline-formula>-D superimposed damped and/or undamped exponentials. <inline-formula><tex-math notation="LaTeX">$N$</tex-math></inline-formula>-D ESPRIT algorithm is based on low-rank decomposition of multilevel Hankel matrices formed by the <inline-formula><tex-math notation="LaTeX">$N$ </tex-math></inline-formula>-D data. In order to reduce the computational complexity for large signals, we propose a fast <inline-formula><tex-math notation="LaTeX">$N$</tex-math></inline-formula>-D ESPRIT using truncated singular value decomposition (SVD). Then, through a first-order perturbation analysis, we derive simple expressions of the variance of the estimates in <inline-formula><tex-math notation="LaTeX">$N$</tex-math></inline-formula>-D multiple-tones case. These expressions do not involve the factors of the SVD. We also derive closed-form expressions of the variances of the complex modes, frequencies, and damping factors estimates in the <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$N$</tex-math></inline-formula>-D single-tone case. Computer results are presented to show effectiveness of the fast version of <inline-formula><tex-math notation="LaTeX">$N$</tex-math></inline-formula>-D ESPRIT and verify theoretical expressions.
OxLDL Triggers Retrograde Translocation of Arginase2 in Aortic Endothelial Cells via ROCK and Mitochondrial Processing Peptidase

Rationale: Increased arginase activity contributes to endothelial dysfunction by competition for L-arginine substrate and reciprocal regulation of nitric oxide synthase (NOS). The rapid increase in arginase activity in human aortic endothelial cells exposed to oxidized low-density lipoprotein (OxLDL) is consistent with post-translational modification or subcellular trafficking. Objective: To test the hypotheses that OxLDL triggers reverse translocation of mitochondrial arginase 2 (Arg2) to cytosol and Arg2 activation, and that this process is dependent on mitochondrial processing peptidase, lectin-like OxLDL receptor-1 receptor, and rho kinase. Methods and Results: OxLDL-triggered translocation of Arg2 from mitochondria to cytosol in human aortic endothelial cells and in murine aortic intima with a concomitant rise in arginase activity. All of these changes were abolished by inhibition of mitochondrial processing peptidase or by its siRNA-mediated knockdown. Rho kinase inhibition and the absence of the lectin-like OxLDL receptor-1 in knockout mice also ablated translocation. Aminoterminal sequencing of Arg2 revealed 2 candidate mitochondrial targeting sequences, and deletion of either of these confined Arg2 to the cytoplasm. Inhibitors of mitochondrial processing peptidase or lectin-like OxLDL receptor-1 knockout attenuated OxLDL-mediated decrements in endothelial-specific NO production and increases in superoxide generation. Finally, Arg2−/− mice bred on an ApoE−/− background showed reduced plaque load, reduced reactive oxygen species production, enhanced NO, and improved endothelial function when compared with ApoE−/− controls. Conclusions: These data demonstrate dual distribution of Arg2, a protein with an unambiguous mitochondrial targeting sequence, in mammalian cells, and its reverse translocation to cytoplasm by alterations in the extracellular milieu. This novel molecular mechanism drives OxLDL-mediated arginase activation, endothelial NOS uncoupling, endothelial dysfunction, and atherogenesis.
Polymorphisms in genes encoding interleukin-10 and drug metabolizing enzymes GSTP1, GSTT1, GSTA1 and UGT1A1 influence risk and outcome in Hodgkin lymphoma

Abstract We genotyped 224 patients with Hodgkin lymphoma (HL) and 1056 healthy controls and related the risk for HL and outcome of chemotherapy treatment to polymorphisms in genes encoding interleukins and metabolizing enzymes by capillary electrophoresis. Patients with the UGT1A1 TA tandem repeat TA6/6 genotype had a poorer overall survival (OS) (relative risk [RR] 3.63, p = 0.004), and patients above 40 years with the GSTA1 AA genotype had poorer event-free survival (EFS) (RR 4.38, p = 0.003) after chemotherapy. In patients above 40 years, the IL-10 rs1800890 T-allele was associated with lower risk for HL (TT genotype vs. AA, odds ratio [OR] 0.38 [95% confidence interval 0.21–0.69], p = 0.001; AT/TT combined genotypes vs. AA, OR 0.45 [0.27–0.74], p = 0.001). The GSTP1 rs1695 A-allele reduced the risk for HL (GG vs. AG, OR 0.64 [0.42–0.99], p = 0.04; GG vs. AG/AA combined genotypes, OR 0.70 [0.47–1.04], p = 0.07), and the GSTT1 deleted genotype increased the risk for HL (OR 3.17 [1.97–5.09], p < 0.001) regardless of age.
The Participation Model: Factors Related to Buying Decision Participation

The study of buying centers has often focused on the functional areas that participate. One question raised by such an approach is how individuals choose to participate. The paper explores individual perceptual factors that may affect participation choice, and reports the results of a study of potential purchase participants. Finding indicates that perceptions of self-efficacy and extrinsic reward expectancy discriminated between participant and non-participants. The relationship of the factor and relative influence within the buying centered was also explored, with risk of the decision process. Self-efficacy perceptions and product involvement were also significant predictors of the amount of influence wielded in the buying centered in various decision stages.
Launch systems to support the booming nanosatellite industry

While the high cost of launch remains an obstacle to space access, particularly for small satellites, clever integration of multiple systems enables launching thirty or more satellites on one vehicle. Launch providers, like ISC Kosmotras, can maximize their launch capacity by “filling in the gaps” with small satellites. It benefits launch providers to use 100% of their vehicles' capacity - otherwise, any leftover fuel has made an expensive trip into space for no reason. Spaceflight assists launch vehicle providers by purchasing excess space and leveraging proven technologies to maximize the number of satellites deployed. With new technologies from Innovative Solutions in Space (ISIS) and the design power of Andrews Space, Spaceflight has developed the capacity to launch thirty-five (35) 12U CubeSats into space using one ESPA Grande-derived Spacecraft. This ability to deploy many CubeSats into low Earth orbit stems from the combination of the ISIS QuadPack CubeSat dispenser and the Spaceflight SHERPA spacecraft. First launched in June 2014, the ISIS QuadPack houses four (4) 3U CubeSats, two (2) 6U CubeSats or one (1) 12U CubeSat. While most CubeSat developers still opt for the 3U size, ISIS has offered a deployer that allows for eventual expansion of size and capability. In parallel, Spaceflight, in cooperation with Andrews Space, has developed a plate that maximizes the 300 kg capacity of each of five (5) ESP A-Grande ports. This plate, known as the QuadPack Plate, or QPP, attaches directly to an ESP A-Grande port and allows integration of seven (7) QuadPacks to each port. In total, twenty-eight (28) 3U CubeSats or fourteen (14) 6U CubeSats can launch from each port. With five ports, the SHERPA spacecraft can support up to thirty-five (35) 12U CubeSats. Although the current record number of satellites deployed from a single launch stands at 30+ satellites, SHERPA and the QPP can match this number using only a single 1500kg spacecraft. The technical challenges of coordinating many deployments and avoiding collisions are matched only by the organizational challenges of managing thirty-five payloads, but SHERPA and the QPP are quickly becoming a reality. SHERPA is scheduled to launch with at least two QPP's in late 2015. Once SHERPA is upgraded to include nearly 2200 mls of delta-V, it can deploy constellations of CubeSats, timed to cover the entire globe - taking pictures, relaying communications, and beaming down internet. The era of launching small satellite constellations is here.
The role of social cognition in downsizing decisions

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to learn how managers make downsizing decisions.Design/methodology/approach – Participants read a created organizational scenario and 25 hypothetical employee profiles and then chose five employees to lay off.Findings – Older and minority applicants were chosen most often. No significance was found for performance. Rater group membership in race, gender, and age were significant predictors of layoff decisions.Research limitations/implications – Because the participants were in a controlled environment they may have disregarded other information often available to decision makers. The majority of the sample was students who may be unrepresentative of managers who make layoff decisions. The inclusion of managers who have made downsizing decisions was designed to help address this limitation.Practical implications – An employer's use of personal characteristics in making downsizing decisions may ultimately affect the aftermath of downsizing.Originality/value – This is o.
Internet as an empowerment tool in conflict zones: the case of Gaza

The proliferation of the internet has become an integral part of our daily life serving multiple purposes. The internet has become a major channel for education, business, communication and entertainment. The far-reaching potential of the internet has engaged researchers from various disciplines, e.g., psychologists, sociologists and computer scientists. While most research studying the impact of internet usage has assumed normal and stable conditions, our study attempts to investigate internet usage behaviour under abnormal conditions, specifically in the besieged conflict zone of Gaza Strip. This paper first introduces the purpose of the study, the methodology and the findings. We conclude with recommendations for policy makers on how the internet can be effectively utilised as an empowerment tool in conflict zones.
Assessment standards: the role of communities of practice and the scholarship of assessment

This article considers the methods and difficulties of establishing, sharing and applying assessment standards within module teams working in a business school. Against a background of increasing reliance on explicit knowledge to establish standards in the HE sector the study looks at ways in which staff within module teams attempted to reach a common view of assessment standards through sharing tacit knowledge in order to make consistent judgements about student work. In so doing it identifies and questions the assumptions, myths and beliefs that bolster the culture around standard setting and marking/grading. The paper questions whether academic communities of practice provide an adequate framework to support the sharing of assessment standards. In particular it argues that the scholarship of assessment would support the development of a specialist assessment and assessment standards discourse within communities that could, in turn, support the sharing of assessment standards.
The role of honour concerns in emotional reactions to offences

We investigated the role of honour concerns in mediating the effect of nationality and gender on the reported intensity of anger and shame in reaction to insult vignettes. Spain, an honour culture, and The Netherlands, where honour is of less central significance, were selected for comparison. A total of 260 (125 Dutch, 135 Spanish) persons participated in the research. Participants completed a measure of honour concerns and answered questions about emotional reactions of anger and shame to vignettes depicting insults in which type of threat was manipulated. It was found that Spanish participants responded especially intensely to insults that threaten family honour, and that this effect of nationality on emotional reactions to threats to family honour was mediated by individual differences in concern for family honour.
How Physicians Talk about Futility: Making Words Mean Too Many Things

“There's glory for you! ” “I don't know what you mean by ‘glory,’ ” Alice said. Humpty Dumpty smiled contemptuously. “Of course, you dont—till I tell you. I meant ‘there's a nice knock-down argument. ’” “But ‘glory’ doesn't mean a ‘nice knock-down argument,” Alice objected. “When I use a word,” Humpty Dumpty said, in rather a scornful tone, “it means just what I choose it to mean—neither more nor less. ” “The question is,” said Alice, “whether you can make words mean so many different things. ” “The question is,” said Humpty Dumpty, “which is to be master, that's all. ” When applied bioethics confronts the topic of futility, the question of who is to be master turns out to be central. Indeed, much of the literature on futility has focused on exactly this question: who gets to define the terms of the debate? Who gets to decide that treatment is “futile” and therefore allowably withheld or withdrawn?
Serving America's Underserved Youth: Reflections on Sport and Recreation in an Emerging Social Problems Industry

Urban communities have recently had a significant growth in the number of public and privately sponsored initiatives that endorse and promote providing sport and recreation activities for underserved youth as a means to alleviate urban distress. This paper draws from the authors' experiences of and their reflections on this emerging “social problems industry,” in which programs are addressing crime prevention, juvenile delinquency, and other social ills through the provision of sport and recreation programs. Theoretical discourses from political economy, critical theory, and urban sociology are used to explore the growth and proliferation of this industry. These discourses also are used to set out an agenda for further research and discuss the overall impact and future of these initiatives. The paper focuses explicitly on investigating relationships among patterns of sport consumption and provision, popular conceptions of race and class, urban decline, and the dynamics of sport programs within the social .
Rethinking Instructional Leadership, a Review

Purpose: The purpose of this article is to uncover what scholars know and do not know about instructional leadership, paying particular attention to what they have learned about how this work is done and where knowledge falls short. The author takes a first step at integrating three distinct literatures: (a) the traditional instructional leadership literature (centered primarily on the principal), (b) the teacher instructional leadership literature, and (c) the coach instructional leadership literature. Research Design: The author utilizes a distributed lens to examine the principal, teacher leader, and coach instructional leadership literatures. This lens illuminates what scholars know about instructional leaders in interaction with one another, their followers, and particular contexts as they work toward the improvement of teaching and learning. The author proposes that analyzing these three literatures together may allow scholars to apply findings from one research area to another, as well as to generate new knowledge around how leaders improve instruction. Conclusions: An integrated, comprehensive understanding of what scholars do and do not know about instructional leadership can begin to shape future studies that will address existing shortcomings around the “how” of leadership that emerge across these literatures.
On children's homonyms

Until recent years, the published literature on children's early phonologies has emphasized the abundance of homonymy (e.g. Durand 1949). However, in 1975 I proposed in this journal from quantitative measurement of five children that children's early homonymy is not as extensive as traditionally believed (Ingram 1975). This fact was taken as evidence for the child's active organization of its phonetic inventory into a system of phonological oppositions. The paper has generated several responses that include criticisms of either the methodology, the data or the interpretation (e.g. Locke 1979, Priestley 1980, Vihman 1981). This note is a response to Vihman (1981), who has challenged my paper in this journal on all three areas just mentioned. She has rejected the measure I used as meaningless, and has presented data interpreted as showing that children actively use a HOMONYM STRATEGY to create homonyms. She concluded that there is abundant homonymy because the child's early vocabulary development is highly influenced by phonological factors. Here I will respond to each of these three points, and provide additional data to help reconcile the apparent discrepancy between Ingram (1975) and Vihman (1981).
Glass Ceilings and Glass Escalators

Many have researched the effect of occupational segregation on race and gender gaps in pay, but few have examined segregation's impact on promotions. This article uses the Panel Study of Income Dynamics to examine the effect of race and gender composition in the origin occupation on movement to a managerial position. Findings show that for men, percentage of women in the origin occupation positively affected the chances of men moving to a supervisory position and that Blacks were less likely than Whites to be promoted. For women, percentage of women and percentage of Blacks in the origin occupation significantly decreased chances of women attaining a management position. Subsequent analyses showed that Black men, Black women, and White women waited longer than did White men for the managerial promotions they received. The findings suggest the impact of a “glass escalator” for White men, a “glass ceiling” for others, and contradict the notion of a “declining significance of race. ”