Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Ozone transport from stratosphere to troposphere

7Be produced by the interaction of cosmic rays with oxygen and nitrogen, predominantly in the stratosphere, has been used to identify and measure stratospheric ozone at the ground level. Simultaneous measurements at Whiteface Mountain, New York, in July 1975 show that the maximum 7Be concentrations are accompanied by increased ozone concentrations. Peaks in 7Be concentrations occurred on July 5-6, 11-12, 16-17, 23, and 27. Ozone peaks were observed on July 7-9, 11, 18, 24, and 27. Isentropic trajectory calculations also showed that the trajectories reaching Whiteface Mountain on July 11-12, 15-16, 23, and 27 had stratospheric origin. One-day delay in ozone peaks on July 7-9, 18, and 24 is attributed to increased tropospheric ozone production. The observed relationship between 7Be and ozone is used to deduce an upper limit of 37 ppb stratospheric ozone at Whiteface Mountain during July 1975. Thus, even during midsummer months, when stratospheric-tropospheric mass exchange is not at a maximum, stratospheric ozone may contribute substantially to the national ambient air quality standard of 80 ppb.
Long Title: Long-Term Effectiveness of a Digital Therapeutic Intervention for Smoking Cessation: A Randomized Controlled Trial Short Title: Effect of a Digital Intervention for Smoking Cessation

Background : Smoking is the leading cause of preventable mortality worldwide. Digital therapeutic interventions offer a novel approach to smoking cessation and overcome many barriers to accessibility of traditional methods. Yet, the long-term efficacy of these interventions is largely unknown. Based on a chronic disease model of smoking, the present study evaluated the effects of Quit Genius, a novel, long-term digital therapeutic intervention for smoking cessation. Methods and Findings: Using a single-blind, two-arm parallel-group, randomized controlled trial design, adult smokers of 5 or more cigarettes per day (N=556) were recruited between January and November of 2019 via social media advertisements and referrals from primary care practices in the UK. Participants were offered nicotine replacement therapy for a 12-week period and randomly assigned to one of two interventions.The Quit Genius group received a digital therapeutic intervention for smoking cessation comprising a clinician supported smartphone application delivering cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT). The CBT component included self-directed coping skills training and individually tailored therapeutic content, coupled with personalized clinician-delivered counselling via instant messaging. The control intervention was Very Brief Advice, a face-to-face, single session intervention based upon the Ask, Advise, Act model. Half of each group received a carbon monoxide (CO) device for biochemical verification of smoking abstinence. The primary outcome, by intention to treat (ITT), was sustained abstinence at 4, 26, and 52 weeks post-quit date. Secondary outcomes included self-reported 7-day point prevalence abstinence at 26 and 52 weeks post-quit date, and self-reported quit attempts and putative mechanisms of action of CBT for smoking cessation, including self-efficacy and psychological well-being. Participants (N=556) were randomly assigned to Quit Genius (n=277) or the Very Brief Advice control condition (n=279). We conducted a single-blinded, two-arm parallel design, randomized controlled trial (1:1 allocation ratio), with 4-, 26- and 52-week follow-up. Here we report the outcomes at 4, 26, and 52 weeks post-quit date. This study complies with the Declaration of Helsinki and ethical approval was granted by the Health and Social Care Research Ethics Committee A (HSC REC A; reference 18/NI/0171). The study followed the Consolidated Standards of Reporting Trials (CONSORT) guidelines.
Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) NEAT1 and MALAT1 are differentially expressed in severe COVID-19 patients: An integrated single cell analysis

Hyperactive and damaging inflammation is a hallmark of severe rather than mild COVID-19 syndrome. To uncover key inflammatory differentiators between severe and mild COVID-19 disease, we applied an unbiased single-cell transcriptomic analysis. We integrated a bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) dataset with a peripheral blood mononuclear cell dataset (PBMC) and analyzed the combined cell population, focusing on genes associated with disease severity. Distinct cell populations were detected in both BAL and PBMC where the immunomodulatory long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) NEAT1 and MALAT1 were highly differentially expressed between mild and severe patients. The detection of other severity associated genes involved in cellular stress response and apoptosis regulation suggests that the pro-inflammatory functions of these lncRNAs may foster cell stress and damage. The lncRNAs NEAT1 and MALAT1 are potential components of immune dysregulation in COVID-19 that may provide targets for severity related diagnostic measures or therapy.
Improving global mass flux solutions from Gravity Recovery and Climate Experiment (GRACE) through forward modeling and continuous time correlation

[1] We describe Earth's mass flux from April 2003 through November 2008 by deriving a time series of mascons on a global 2° × 2° equal-area grid at 10 day intervals. We estimate the mass flux directly from K band range rate (KBRR) data provided by the Gravity Recovery and Climate Experiment (GRACE) mission. Using regularized least squares, we take into account the underlying process dynamics through continuous space and time-correlated constraints. In addition, we place the mascon approach in the context of other filtering techniques, showing its equivalence to anisotropic, nonsymmetric filtering, least squares collocation, and Kalman smoothing. We produce mascon time series from KBRR data that have and have not been corrected (forward modeled) for hydrological processes and find that the former produce superior results in oceanic areas by minimizing signal leakage from strong sources on land. By exploiting the structure of the spatiotemporal constraints, we are able to use a much more efficient (in storage and computation) inversion algorithm based upon the conjugate gradient method. This allows us to apply continuous rather than piecewise continuous time-correlated constraints, which we show via global maps and comparisons with ocean-bottom pressure gauges, to produce time series with reduced random variance and full systematic signal. Finally, we present a preferred global model, a hybrid whose oceanic portions are derived using forward modeling of hydrology but whose land portions are not, and thus represent a pure GRACE-derived signal.
Protocols for large scale in situ hybridization on C. elegans larvae.

Copyright: © 2006 Tomoko Motohashi et al. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited. To whom correspondence should be addressed. Email: ykohara@lab.nig. ac or isugiura@lab.nig. ac.jp. Protocols for large scale in situ hybridization on C. elegans larvae* Tomoko Motohashi, Hiroaki Tabara, Yuji Kohara, Genome Biology Lab Center for Genetic Resource Information, National Institute of Genetics, Mishima 411–8540, Japan
ANÁLISE ESPACIAL DE ÓBITOS MENORES DE VINTE QUATRO HORAS EM JOÃO PESSOA, PB

Objectives: To investigate the occurrence of spatial clusters of deaths in the first 24 hours of life. Material and Methods: This is an ecological study, which used data of area from the Mortality Information System (SIM) between 2006 and 2007. Were studied all infant deaths, registered in the database, that occurred within the first 24 hours of life related to mothers living in Joao Pessoa, PB. We used spatial autocorrelation index of Getis and Ord to identify significant spatial clusters. Data analysis was performed on the software R. Results: The mortality rate in the first 24h of life was 4.2 deaths per thousand. It was found a positive spatial clustering region of high values in the northern city of Joao Pessoa, where the neighborhoods presenting the highest relative risk were distributed. Pregnancy length was the variable that stood out in neighborhoods showing clusters. Conclusions: The hypothesis of positive spatial clusters of high values in the northern city, where the relative risk was high, was corroborated. Preterm birth is directly related to the determinants of early death conditions, such as low birth weight. This condition should be further investigated in the neighborhoods with positive and significant spatial clusters of infant deaths. DESCRIPTORS: Early Neonatal Mortality. Epidemiologic Studies. Residence Characteristics
ACL Growth With Age in Pediatric Patients: An MRI Study

Supplemental Digital Content is available in the text. Background: There is limited knowledge of morphologic changes of the anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) during childhood. The purpose of the study is to describe normal ACL growth in pediatric patients. Methods: We performed retrospective review of patients under 19 years of age with at least 2 serial magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) examinations of the same knee without ACL tear. The parameters measured included length of the ACL, width of the ACL in sagittal and coronal planes, physeal status, ACL-tibial inclination angle, Notch Width Index, ACL tibial attachment width and midpoint, and anterior to posterior length and height of the tibial epiphysis. Pearson correlation coefficients were calculated to determine the strength of correlation of each parameter relative to age. Growth curves were calculated for individual parameters, producing a predictive model for growth of the ACL over time. Results: One hundred forty-seven patients (365 MRIs) were included. The average age at initial MRI was 12.2 years (range: 1.2 to 18.4 y). The Pearson correlation coefficient for each parameter was statistically significant relative to age. Younger patients had more oblique, anteriorly attached ACLs. Three distinct phases of growth were observed: patients age 1.5 to 5.75 years average 2.25 mm of growth per year; patients aged 6 to 11.5 average 1.46 mm of growth per year; growth slows at age 11.75, stopping by 18.5 years. The growth model for ACL sagittal width increased 0.45 mm/y from age 1.5 to 14.5 after which it plateaus, whereas coronal width increased 0.22 mm/y from age 1.5 to 18.75. Conclusions: In the pediatric patient, the ACL grows in length and width in a predictable manner until age 18. This model aids clinicians in predicting normal ACL parameters for anatomic reconstruction procedures in the skeletally immature patient. Level of Evidence: Level IV.
Finding a new drug and vaccine for emerging swine flu: What is the concept?

: Influenza is a well known infection of the respiratory system. The main clinical manifestations of influenza include fever, sore throat, headache, cough, coryza, and malaise. Apart from the well known classical influenza, there are also groups of influenza virus infections that are called “atypical infection”. These infections are usually due to a novel influenza virus infection. In early 2009, an emerging novel influenza originating from Mexico called swine flu was reported. The World Health Organization noted a level VI precaution, the highest level precaution possible, for this newest influenza virus infection. As of June 2009, it is not known if this disease will be successfully controlled. Finding new drugs and vaccine for the emerging swine flu is still required to cope with this emerging worldwide problem.
Identification of epidermal growth factor receptor and its inhibitory microRNA141 as novel targets of Krüppel-like factor 8 in breast cancer

Krüppel-like factor 8 (KLF8) is a dual transcriptional factor critical for breast cancer progression. Epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) is frequently overexpressed in aggressive such as triple-negative breast cancer and associated with poor clinical outcomes. Here we report a novel KLF8-EGFR signaling axis in breast cancer. We identified a highly correlated co-overexpression between KLF8 and EGFR in invasive breast cancer cells and patient tumor samples. Overexpression of KLF8 in the non-tumorigenic MCF-10A cells induced the expression of EGFR, whereas knockdown of KLF8 from the MDA-MB-231 cells decreased it. Promoter activation and binding assays indicated that KLF8 promotes the EGFR expression by directly binding its gene promoter. We also revealed that KLF8 directly represses the promoter of miR141 and miR141 targets the 3′-untranslational region of EGFR transcript to inhibit EGFR translation. Treatment with the EGFR inhibitor AG1478 or overexpression of miR141 blocked the activity of ERK downstream of EGFR and inhibited KLF8-depndent cell invasiveness, proliferation and viability in cell culture and invasive growth and lung metastasis in nude mice. Conversely, overexpression of an inhibitory sponge of miR141 led to the opposite phenotypes. Taken together, these findings demonstrate a novel KLF8 to miR141/EGFR signaling pathway potentially crucial for breast cancer malignancy.
Long-latency Muscle Activity Reflects Continuous, Delayed Sensorimotor Feedback of Task-level and Not Joint-level Error in Contrast, Short-latency Emg Responses Arise from Stretch Reflexes and Act to Return

Safavynia SA, Ting LH. Long-latency muscle activity reflects continuous, delayed sensorimotor feedback of task-level and not joint-level error. both the upper and lower limbs, evidence suggests that short-latency electromyo-graphic (EMG) responses to mechanical perturbations are modulated based on muscle stretch or joint motion, whereas long-latency responses are modulated based on attainment of task-level goals, e.g., desired direction of limb movement. We hypothesized that long-latency responses are modulated continuously by task-level error feedback. Previously, we identified an error-based sensorimotor feedback transformation that describes the time course of EMG responses to ramp-and-hold perturbations during standing balance (Safavynia and Ting 2013; Welch and Ting 2008, 2009). Here, our goals were 1) to test the robustness of the sensorimotor transformation over a richer set of perturbation conditions and postural states; and 2) to explicitly test whether the sensorimotor transformation is based on task-level vs. joint-level error. We developed novel perturbation trains of acceleration pulses such that perturbations were applied when the body deviated from the desired, upright state while recovering from preceding perturbations. The entire time course of EMG responses (ϳ4 s) in an antagonistic muscle pair was reconstructed using a weighted sum of center of mass (CoM) kinematics preceding EMGs at long-latency delays (ϳ100 ms). Furthermore, CoM and joint kinematic trajectories became decorrelated during perturbation trains, allowing us to explicitly compare task-level vs. joint feedback in the same experimental condition. Reconstruction of EMGs was poorer using joint kinematics compared with CoM kinematics and required un-physiologically short (ϳ10 ms) delays. Thus continuous, long-latency feedback of task-level variables may be a common mechanism regulating long-latency responses in the upper and lower limbs. LONG-LATENCY ELECTROMYOGRAPHIC (EMG) responses to perturbations are generated by complex neural mechanisms that can integrate sophisticated information to rapidly produce functionally appropriate motor behaviors Here we define task-level goals to be motor variables that cannot be directly encoded or controlled by any unique sensory input or motor output. Long-latency responses in the upper and lower limb can be modified as a function of motor intention, motor planning, and obstacle avoidance, reflecting task-level goals (Kurtzer et al. 2008; Pruszynski and Scott 2012; Shemmell et al. 2010). However, most of the conclusions about the functional differences between short-and long-latency responses have been inferred using discrete perturbations across various experimental conditions, where restoring joint configurations could not produce functionally appropriate motor behaviors (Carpenter et al.ski et al. 2011a). In these conditions, analysis of EMG responses has …
Little Ice Age sea surface temperature variability in the southwest tropical Pacific

We present a 60‐year near‐monthly record of tropical sea surface temperature (SST) during the Little Ice Age derived from coupled Sr/Ca and U/Ca analysis of a massive coral from New Caledonia (southwest tropical Pacific). The record indicates that, from 1701 to 1761, surface temperatures were on average 1.4°C cooler than during the past 30 years. This cooling was accompanied by strong interannual to interdecadal oscillations that changed the background state. Correlations between SST changes and the Southern Oscillation and the Pacific Decadal Oscillation are evolutive and appear to depend on the background state.
Experiences with Multiple Coverage Seismic Methods

Several comparisons from current operating areas show the data enhancement of the CRP (multiple coverage) compositing process. The use of 24‐trace geophone spreads 7200—0—7200 ft has evolved for most work performed by phillips Petroleum Company, after more than 100 crew years of experience. Common section cabling, limited lead drilling and operations, ample radio communications, proper shotpoint numbering, and efficient drilling operations have produced average overall year round costs, for twelve‐fold coverage of approximately $1630 per mile (95.2 percent twelve‐fold plus 4.8 percent six‐fold). This includes all areas and all playback, processing, and interpretation costs.
AN OBJECTWE TEST FOR HYDROLOGIC SCALE1

: Improving the reliability of parametric hydrologic models (sometimes called cenceptual rainfall-runoff models) in the continuous simulation of runoff from ungaged catchments has been frustrated by difficulties in estimating model parameters from catchment characteristics. An underlying problem is that these models use parameters to represent catchments as a whole, whereas data on catchment characteristics are collected at multiple field locations and are difficult to transform into one measure of collective impact. Subdividing the catchment and calibrating a stochastic parametric model to estimate distributions for the parameters that covered the range of observed streamflow values was found to improve the simulations. This paper presents an optimization of the amount of subdivision to use in simulation with a version of the Stanford Watershed Model using available climatological data. The calibration process assumes that catchment heterogeneity introduces errors that can be reduced by calibrating parameters as spatial distributions rather than single values. Calibrations for three diverse small gaged catchments located in California and in Virginia found the optimal number of subdivisions to range from 4 to 25 and the optimal scale to range from 0.3 to 2.1 mi2.
Occurrence, Distribution and Biological variability of Zucchini Yellow Mosaic Virus in cucurbits of Khuzestan province, South west of Iran

ZYMV is one of the most important plant viruses that cause economical damage in cucurbits. The symptoms of ZYMV in different cucurbits include stunting, yellowing, mottling, severe mosaic, leaf and fruit deformation, blistering and shoe string. Investigation on occurrence of this virus, in Khuzestan province was carried out in November 2009, April and May 2010 by collecting cucurbits samples from different cucurbits fields. After DAS-ELISA test, ZYMV was maintained in squash. Then total RNA were extracted and were tested by RT-PCR. Using RT-PCR, fragments belonging to N-terminal of coat protein and C-terminal of nuclear inclusion bodies were replicated. PCR product for investigation of replication was loaded in 1% agarose gel. From seven regions in Khuzestan, 175 leaf samples showing different symptoms (yellowing, mosaic, deformation and blistering) were collected. Seventy one samples out of total samples (175 samples) showed ZYMV infection. Occurrence of Zucchini Yellow Mosaic Virus in Khuzestan province was confirmed, using serological and RT-PCR tests. Infection of ZYMV in Khuzestan province (40.5%) is higher than the average of Iran’s infection (38%). This article is first report of occurrence ZYMV in different regions of Khuzestan province except Dezful.
Increased positive versus negative affective perception and memory in healthy volunteers following selective serotonin and norepinephrine reuptake inhibition.

OBJECTIVE Antidepressants that inhibit the reuptake of serotonin (SSRIs) or norepinephrine (SNRIs) are effective in the treatment of disorders such as depression and anxiety. Cognitive psychological theories emphasize the importance of correcting negative biases of information processing in the nonpharmacological treatment of these disorders, but it is not known whether antidepressant drugs can directly modulate the neural processing of affective information. The present study therefore assessed the actions of repeated antidepressant administration on perception and memory for positive and negative emotional information in healthy volunteers. METHOD Forty-two male and female volunteers were randomly assigned to 7 days of double-blind intervention with the SSRI citalopram (20 mg/day), the SNRI reboxetine (8 mg/day), or placebo. On the final day, facial expression recognition, emotion-potentiated startle response, and memory for affect-laden words were assessed. Questionnaires monitoring mood, hostility, and anxiety were given before and after treatment. RESULTS In the facial expression recognition task, citalopram and reboxetine reduced the identification of the negative facial expressions of anger and fear. Citalopram also abolished the increased startle response found in the context of negative affective images. Both antidepressants increased the relative recall of positive (versus negative) emotional material. These changes in emotional processing occurred in the absence of significant differences in ratings of mood and anxiety. However, reboxetine decreased subjective ratings of hostility and elevated energy. CONCLUSIONS Short-term administration of two different antidepressant types had similar effects on emotion-related tasks in healthy volunteers, reducing the processing of negative relative to positive emotional material. Such effects of antidepressants may ameliorate the negative biases in information processing that characterize mood and anxiety disorders. They also suggest a mechanism of action potentially compatible with cognitive theories of anxiety and depression.
Searching for control Lyapunov-Morse functions using genetic programming for global asymptotic stabilization of nonlinear systems

The purpose of this paper is searching for control Lyapunov-Morse functions (CLMF) using genetic programming (GP) for one-input-affine systems on general manifolds. The CLMF is an extended control Lyapunov function (CLF) to have multiple critical points. It is shown that a C 1 global stabilizer is derived from a CLF for the system. As in the case of CLF, a discontinuous global asymptotic stabilizer is obtained from a CLMF. However, there is no method constructing CLMF systematically. Then, we propose a method of searching for CLMF via GP to design the global asymptotic stabilizer