Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Enhancing Semantic Search using N-Levels Document Representation

The traditional strategy performed by Information Retrieval (IR) systems is ranked keyword search: For a given query, a list of docu- ments, ordered by relevance, is returned. Relevance computation is pri- marily driven by a basic string-matching operation. To date, several at- tempts have been made to deviate from the traditional keyword search paradigm, often by introducing some techniques to capture word mean- ings in documents and queries. The general feeling is that dealing explic- itly with only semantic information does not improve significantly the performance of text retrieval systems. This paper presents SENSE (SEmantic N-levels Search Engine), an IR system that tries to overcome the limitations of the ranked keyword approach, by introducing semantic levels which integrate (and not sim- ply replace) the lexical level represented by keywords. Semantic levels provide information about word meanings, as described in a reference dictionary, and named entities. We show how SENSE is able to manage documents indexed at three separate levels, keywords, word meanings, and entities, as well as to combine keyword search with semantic infor- mation provided by the two other indexing levels.
A Probabilistic Model for Japanese Zero Pronoun Resolution Integrating Syntactic and Semantic Features

This paper proposes a method to resolve Japanese zero pronouns by identifying their antecedents. Our method uses a probabilistic model, which is decomposed into syntactic and semantic properties. A syntactic model is trained based on corpora annotated with anaphoric relations. However, a semantic model is trained based on a large-scale unannotated corpus, so as to counter the data sparseness problem. We also propose the notion of certainty to improve the accuracy of zero pronoun resolution. We show the effectiveness of our proposed method by way of experiments.
Knowledge Management in Distributed Scientific Software Development

Global multidisciplinary scientific research collaborations are increasingly becoming a necessity to create global solutions. However to attain the potential benefits of such collaborations, there is a critical need for a more efficient management and exchange of knowledge between the distributed teams. Unlike traditional software projects, the knowledge management requirements of such teams is much more complex and requires different types of interaction and knowledge management environments to support such collaboration. In such projects, the need is to capture not just software artefacts, but also the scientific research process and its artefacts and their translation to their respective software needs. This paper discusses the knowledge management needs in distributed scientific projects based on experiences drawn from an international research project. It presents the different types of knowledge in such projects and outlines a mechanism to capture them.
Supplementary information Size dependent translocation and fetal accumulation of gold nanoparticles from maternal blood in the rat

The sulfonated triphenylphosphine (S-TPP) surface functionality of the ligand protected AuNP are characterized by the high mobility of the S-TPP molecules on the AuNP surface. As it is known, they can easily be substituted by stronger ligands, following the rules of complex chemistry [1]. In a biological system, numerous stronger ligands such as proteins, sulfur containing molecules etc. are available and will substitute the original phosphines partially or quantitatively. Hence, the administration of initially S-TPP-coated AuNP provides binding dynamics of serum proteins and biomolecules in blood to the naked surface of the injected AuNP after the phosphine ligand has been replaced. Note that the free S-TPP did not cause any detectable toxic response in in vitro tests [2]. Our latest in vivo AuNP inhalation studies support the notion of the rapid replacement of the S-TPP ligand coating in the lungs: When comparing the 24 hours biodistribution after intratracheal instillation of 18 nm AuNP with that of freshly generated, pristine 20 nm AuNP inhaled as an aerosol, the biodistribution in all organs, blood, remaining carcass and in excretion was remarkably similar suggesting rapid removal of the S-TPP coating and similar patterns of lung protein binding after both applications.
Survival of AIDS Patients Treated with Traditional Chinese Medicine in Rural Central China: A Retrospective Cohort Study, 2004–2012

This study aimed to explore the survival of AIDS patients treated with traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) in addition to combined antiretroviral therapy (cART) and of AIDS patients treated with cART. Data of patients taking cART between 30 October 2003 and 30 October 2004 in the National TCM HIV Treatment Trial Program area were retrospectively analyzed, with follow-up from 30 October 2004 to 30 October 2012. The log-rank test was used to compare survival between the two groups. A Cox proportional hazards model was used to determine hazard ratios to identify prognostic factors. The study included 521 patients in the TCM + cART group followed up for 3548 person-years and 375 patients in the cART group followed up for 2523 person-years. Mortality rates were 3.2/100 person-years and 4.2/100 person-years in the TCM + cART and cART groups, respectively. The difference in survival was significant. After adjusting for explanatory variables, the mortality rate of AIDS patients in the cART group was 1.7 times higher than in the TCM + cART group. Male sex, older age, little education, and lower CD4 cell count were risk factors for mortality. TCM intervention in addition to cART could increase survival of AIDS patients.
Prevalence of Enterobius vermicularis among Preschool Children in Gimhae-si, Gyeongsangnam-do, Korea

The present study was performed to determine the prevalence of Enterobius vermicularis among preschool children in Gimhae-si, Korea. A total of 6,921 preschool children in 76 kindergartens were examined using the cellotape perianal swab method. The overall egg positive rate (EPR) was 10.5%. The EPR in boys was higher than that in girls (adjusted odds ratio [AOR]: 1.5, P<0.001), and it was higher in rural than in urban children (AOR: 1.2, P=0.022). The present study confirmed that the prevalence of E. vermicularis infection is fairly high among preschool children in Gimhae-si. Therefore, systematic control and preventive measures should be adopted to reduce morbidity associated with this nematode infection.
Chromosomal abnormalities in women with premature ovarian failure

Premature ovarian failure is a complex disorder that results in the early loss of ovarian function; however this disease must be separated from early menopause because these patients can sporadically ovulate and in literature are described pregnancies. The aetiology and the patho-physiology of premature ovarian failure are still matter of debate, but is commonly accepted that genetic factors play an important role. This review is aimed to present an overview of known inherited factor implied in the pathogenesis of this disorder to help physician in the counselling of affected pregnant women.
THE SPACE OF HYPERKÄHLER METRICS ON A 4-MANIFOLD WITH BOUNDARY

Let $X$ be a compact 4-manifold with boundary. We study the space of hyperkähler triples $\unicode[STIX]{x1D714}_{1},\unicode[STIX]{x1D714}_{2},\unicode[STIX]{x1D714}_{3}$ on $X$ , modulo diffeomorphisms which are the identity on the boundary. We prove that this moduli space is a smooth infinite-dimensional manifold and describe the tangent space in terms of triples of closed anti-self-dual 2-forms. We also explore the corresponding boundary value problem: a hyperkähler triple restricts to a closed framing of the bundle of 2-forms on the boundary; we identify the infinitesimal deformations of this closed framing that can be filled in to hyperkähler deformations of the original triple. Finally we study explicit examples coming from gravitational instantons with isometric actions of $\text{SU}(2)$ .
Novel photodynamic effects of a benzophenothiazine on two different murine sarcomas.

The photochemotherapeutic properties of a novel benzophenothiazine, 5-ethylamino-9-diethylaminobenzo[a]phenothiazinium chloride, were assessed in vitro and in vivo against two murine mammary sarcoma models (EMT-6 and RIF). Photodynamic therapy (PDT) of EMT-6 and RIF cells following a 30-min incubation with dye (0.4 microgram/ml) and a light dose of 3.3 J/cm2 killed 87.0 and 99.6% of the cells, respectively. Over this same time period, RIF cells accumulate more than twice the amount of dye than the EMT-6 cell line [7.54 +/- 0.17 (SD) versus 3.11 +/- 0.15 nmol/10(6) cells] which probably accounts for their increased sensitivity to PDT. Conversely, in vivo, the EMT-6 tumor accumulates 3 times more dye (34.66 +/- 2.16 micrograms/g dry weight) than the RIF tumor (12.28 +/- 1.27 micrograms of dye/g) 3 h post-s.c. injection of dye (15 mg/kg). A study of the concentration dependent uptake of dye (following s.c. injection) in the tumor and plasma of mice bearing the EMT-6 tumor indicated a nonlinear relationship for both compartments. Maximum tissue uptake of dye and discrimination between tumor and skin or muscle occur 3-8 h following s.c. injection of dye. The ratios of dye in the tumor to the dye in surrounding skin and gastrocnemius muscle 8 h following dye injection were 4:1 and 8:1, respectively. At 24 h after dye injection, the dye was not detectable by absorption spectroscopy in the tumor, skin, or muscle. Decreasing the fluence rate from 200 to 50 mW/cm2 at a total light dose of 100 J/cm2 optimized the PDT effect. At 3 h following s.c. administration of dye, PDT of EMT-6 (7.5 mg of dye/kg; 50 mW/cm2; 100 J/cm2) and RIF tumors (15 mg dye/kg; 50 mW/cm2; 150 J/cm2) resulted in 100 and 70% cures, respectively. Histology at 24 and 72 h post-PDT showed minimal or no damage to the surrounding tissue (skin) while 70-90% of the tumor cells were destroyed or damaged. Moreover, 50-60% of the tumor cells isolated and cultured immediately following PDT were found to be nonviable. Similarly, the administration of 60 mg 5-ethylamino-9-diethylaminobenzo[a]phenothiazinium chloride/kg also resulted in no damage to the skin 24 h following PDT. It is suggested that the redox properties of the dye coupled with the differing metabolic states of the tumor and skin, which increase the amount of photoactive, oxidized dye present in the tumor and decrease it in the skin, are responsible for this unique differential PDT effect. (ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)
[Anakinra, a recombinant human IL-1 receptor antagonist, in clinical practice. Outcome in 60 patients with severe rheumatoid arthritis].

OBJECTIVE We evaluated both the efficacy and safety of anakinra in daily routine rheumatoid arthritis clinical practice. METHODS We studied 60 cases, including patients with previous anti-TNFalpha exposure, treated with anakinra (100 mg/daily s.c.) in combination with methotrexate (7.5-10 mg/week i.m.) or leflunomide (20 mg/die) in a two year observational study. Efficacy measures were assessed using the American College of Rheumatology (ACR) response criteria. Safety was evaluated according to a modified World Health Organization adverse reaction term dictionary. RESULTS At week 14, ACR 20% response criteria have been fulfilled by 53 (91.3%) out of 58 patients, 51 (87.9%) of them achieving also an ACR 50%and 15 (25.8%) an ACR 70%response. Thirteen patients touched 102 weeks of treatment: ACR 20% response was achieved in 92.3%, while ACR 50% and ACR 70% were respectively found in 84.6% and 38.4% of the cases. The mean decrease in HAQ score was 0.38, p<0.001. Of the 16 patients who were previously treated with anti-TNFalpha blockers, 81.2% responded to anakinra. There was no significant difference in the ACR response between groups with and without previous anti-TNFalpha exposure. Seventeen patients (28.3%) stopped anakinra because of side-effects (5%) or failure to respond (23.3%). Only 4 cases of pulmonitis, of which 2 have been hospitalised, and 1 case with tuberculosis (previously treated with infliximab) were observed. CONCLUSIONS Our clinical experience confirms that anakinra is effective and safe in the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis. Anakinra seems also useful in patients with previous anti-TNFalpha blockers failures. Even though major adverse events were rare, clinicians should be aware of such a possibility.
Steering Behaviors for Autonomous Cameras

The automated computation of appropriate viewpoints in complex 3D scenes is a key problem in a number of computer graphics applications. In particular, crowd simulations create visually complex environments with many simultaneous events for which the computation of relevant viewpoints remains an open issue. In this paper, we propose a system which enables the conveyance of events occurring in complex crowd simulations. The system relies on Reynolds' model of steering behaviors to control and locally coordinate a collection of camera agents similar to a group of reporters. In our approach, camera agents are either in a scouting mode, searching for relevant events to convey, or in a tracking mode following one or more unfolding events. The key benefit, in addition to the simplicity of the steering rules, holds in the capacity of the system to adapt to the evolving complexity of crowd simulations by self-organizing the camera agents to track interesting events.
Small Scale Structure at High Redshift : III . The Clumpiness of the Intergalactic Medium on Sub-kpc Scales 1

Spectra obtained with the Keck HIRES instrument of the Lyman α forests in the lines of sight to the A and C components of the gravitationally lensed QSO, Q1422+231, were used to investigate the structure of the intergalactic medium at mean redshift < z >∼ 3.3 on sub-kpc scales. We measured the cross-correlation amplitude between the two Lyα forests for a mean transverse separation of 120h 50 pc, and computed the RMS column density and velocity differences between individual absorption systems seen in both lines of sight. The RMS differences between the velocity centroids of the Lyman α forest lines were found to be less than about 400 ms, for unsaturated HI absorption lines with column densities in the range 12 < log N(HI) < 14.13. The rate of energy transfer into the low density IGM on a typical scale of 100 pc seems to be lower by 3-4 orders of magnitude than the rate measured earlier for strong CIV metal absorption systems. The tight correlation between HI column density and baryonic density in the intergalactic medium was used to obtain a conservative upper limit on the RMS fluctuations of the baryonic density field at < z >= 3.26, namely, √ 〈 (∆ log ρ) 〉 ≤ 3.1× 10 on a scale of 110 h 50 pc. The fraction of the absorption lines that are different across the lines of sight was used to determine the filling factor of the universe for gas which has suffered recent hydrodynamic disturbances. We thereby derived upper limits on the filling factor of galactic outflows at high redshift. Short-lived, short-range ancient winds are essentially unconstrained by this method but strong winds blowing for a substantial fraction of a Hubble time (at z = 3.3) appear to fill less than 20% of the volume of the universe. The observations were made at the W.M. Keck Observatory which is operated as a scientific partnership between the California Institute of Technology and the University of California; it was made possible by the generous support of the W.M. Keck Foundation. Carnegie Observatories, 813 Santa Barbara Street, Pasadena, CA 91101, USA Astronomy Department, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA Institute of Astronomy, Cambridge University, Madingley Road, Cambridge CB30HA, UK
A co-operation method of phase estimation and channel equalization for coherent optical communications

With the requirement of high communication rate, coherent optical communication with multi-level phase modulations has become one of the main technologies for optical fiber communication systems at 100-Gb/s and above. The application of coherent detection and multi-level modulation format makes the laser phase noise to be one of the major factors that would influence the system performance, and a carrier phase estimator is necessary to track the time-varying phase changes caused by the phase noise in such systems. On the other hand, electronic channel equalization can be used to compensate for fiber dispersion, but the interaction of the carrier phase estimator and the channel equalizer can not be ignored any more. This paper proposes a method to combine the electronic channel equalization module with carrier phase estimation module in electric field at the receiver side of the coherent optical fiber communication systems. The phase estimation is achieved after the electric equalization and the results from the phase estimation are feed-backed to the electric equalization for the equalizer's tap coefficients updating. When both phase estimation and electronic channel equalization are used in the system, smaller step-size for electric equalization can be used for lower bit error rate, more stable error performance and longer transmission distance.
Chromatin assembly factor 1 is essential and couples chromatin assembly to DNA replication in vivo

De novo chromatin assembly maintains histone density on the daughter strands in the wake of the replication fork. The heterotrimer chromatin assembly factor 1 (CAF-1) couples DNA replication to histone deposition in vitro, but is not essential for yeast cell proliferation. Depletion of CAF-1 in human cell lines demonstrated that CAF-1 was required for efficient progression through S-phase. Cells lacking CAF-1 accumulated in early and mid S-phase and replicated DNA slowly. The checkpoint kinase Chk1, but not Chk2, was phosphorylated in response to CAF-1 depletion, consistent with a DNA replication defect. CAF-1-depleted cell extracts completely lacked DNA replication-coupled chromatin assembly activity, suggesting that CAF-1 is required for efficient S-phase progression in human cells. These results indicate that, in contrast to yeast, human CAF-1 is necessary for coupling chromatin assembly with DNA replication.
NCS-1 Inhibits Insulin-stimulated GLUT4 Translocation in 3T3L1 Adipocytes through a Phosphatidylinositol 4-Kinase-dependent Pathway*

Expression of NCS-1 (neuronal calcium sensor-1, also termed frequenin) in 3T3L1 adipocytes strongly inhibited insulin-stimulated translocation of GLUT4 and insulin-responsive aminopeptidase. The effect of NCS-1 was specific for GLUT4 and the insulin-responsive aminopeptidase translocation as there was no effect on the trafficking of the cation-independent mannose 6-phosphate receptor or the GLUT1 glucose transporter isoform. Moreover, NCS-1 showed partial colocalization with GLUT4-EGFP in the perinuclear region. The inhibitory action of NCS-1 was independent of calcium sequestration since neither treatment with ionomycin nor endothelin-1, both of which elevated the intracellular calcium concentration, restored insulin-stimulated GLUT4 translocation. Furthermore, NCS-1 did not alter the insulin-stimulated protein kinase B (PKB/Akt) phosphorylation or the recruitment of Cbl to the plasma membrane. In contrast, expression of the NCS-1 effector phosphatidylinositol 4-kinase (PI 4-kinase) inhibited insulin-stimulated GLUT4 translocation, whereas co-transfection with an inactive PI 4-kinase mutant prevented the NCS-1-induced inhibition. These data demonstrate that PI 4-kinase functions to negatively regulate GLUT4 translocation through its interaction with NCS-1.
Recognizing Opportunities for Mixed-Initiative Interactions based on the Principles of Self-Regulated Learning

Successful mixed initiative systems employ mechanisms that explicitly recognize opportunities for initiatives among the system and the users. In this paper, we propose a theory based framework, founded on the principles of Self Regulated Learning, that recognizes strategies and tactics learners used in their interactions. These interactions are observed from within gStudy, a learning tool that students use as part of learning activity. Production rules encode SRL-specific knowledge in an OWL-based formal ontology and JESS is used as an inference engine to recognize strategies and tactics used by learners in specific reading and problem-solving activities. Using such inferences we demonstrate how the system recognizes opportunities for mixed-initiative interactions to guide learners who veer away from optimal SRL strategies.
Models and Mechanisms of Local Anesthetic Cardiac Toxicity: A Review

Abstract Cardiovascular collapse, even death, may occur after intoxication with bupivacaine or related amide local anesthetic agents. The problem has been studied in myriad laboratories for more than 20 years. Nevertheless, there is consensus neither regarding which animal model best mimics this clinical catastrophe nor as to which ion channel, enzyme, or other local anesthetic binding site represents the point of initiation for the process. This review aimed to define the various credible mechanisms that have been proposed to explain cardiovascular collapse and death after administration of local anesthetics, particularly after bupivacaine and related agents.
Exploiting spatial overlap to efficiently compute appearance distances between image windows

We present a computationally efficient technique to compute the distance of high-dimensional appearance descriptor vectors between image windows. The method exploits the relation between appearance distance and spatial overlap. We derive an upper bound on appearance distance given the spatial overlap of two windows in an image, and use it to bound the distances of many pairs between two images. We propose algorithms that build on these basic operations to efficiently solve tasks relevant to many computer vision applications, such as finding all pairs of windows between two images with distance smaller than a threshold, or finding the single pair with the smallest distance. In experiments on the PASCAL VOC 07 dataset, our algorithms accurately solve these problems while greatly reducing the number of appearance distances computed, and achieve larger speedups than approximate nearest neighbour algorithms based on trees [18] and on hashing [21]. For example, our algorithm finds the most similar pair of windows between two images while computing only 1% of all distances on average.
DTM : A New Mechanism for Extensible Operating Systems

Traditional operating system designers define a fixed set of flat interfaces which provide the same set of services to all applications. This approach, however, is now problematic and showing its limitations in the face of diverse applications which demand extensibility and configurability. In this paper, we describe the design and implementation of a new interface mechanism called DTM (Dynamic Trunk Mechanism) in which related services are treated as a trunk. The trunk can be registered dynamically to the system, and be requested, used and released by the applications that have privilege to it. System designers can configure the system according to application requirements by registering a set of necessary trunks when system starts. It requires only trivial operating system changes and enables a large class of extensions or flexible configurations to existing operating systems while retaining full compatibility. We have implemented DTM based on Linux 2.4. 17 and a number of useful trunks have been extended. Performance measurements of DTM demonstrate that even the mechanism is more flexible than traditional system calls, it introduces little of overhead.