Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Source to destination communication in the presence of faults

We present a protocol for reliable communication between two processors via an unreliable, and possibly even malicious, communication media. Reliable communication means that all messages are accepted in the same order as sent, with no modifications, omissions, insertions or duplications. Our protocol is resilient to processor crashes (in which the entire memory of the processor is erased), and duplication and reordering on the link. *Department of Computer Science,Technion, Haifa, Israel. Partially supported by grant No. 8640301 from the United States Israel Binational Science Foundation (BSF) and by the Fund for Basic Research Administered by the Israeli Academy of Sciences and
Transplantation of Polyoma Virus-induced Tumors in Mice

Summary Fifty-two polyoma-induced primary mouse tumors were tested for transplantability in isologous recipients. Thirty-five tumors grew progressively in the subcutaneous tissue, and several lines have been established in serial transplantation. The remaining tumors did not grow out at all upon transfer. Eleven among the transplantable tumors have been tested by inoculating known numbers of cells to the following three groups of adult isologous recipients: ( a ) untreated mice, maintained at a separate, polyoma-free colony, ( b ) mice preimmunized as adults against polyoma virus containing supernatant fluids from infected mouse embryo tissue cultures, and ( c ) mice pretreated with heavily irradiated cells of the same tumor. There was a clear and consistent difference between groups a and b for ten of eleven tumors, indicating a state of resistance against transplantation of the established polyoma tumors in the virus-immunized group. With the exception of two out of nine experiments, there was no evidence of resistance in group c , pretreated with irradiated tumor cells. Serum of virus-immunized mice had a certain inhibiting effect on viable polyoma tumor cells upon incubation in vitro with one of four tumors. The possible implications of these findings have been discussed.
Promoting Nerve Regeneration in a Neurotmesis Rat Model Using Poly(DL-lactide-ε-caprolactone) Membranes and Mesenchymal Stem Cells from the Wharton's Jelly: In Vitro and In Vivo Analysis

In peripheral nerves MSCs can modulate Wallerian degeneration and the overall regenerative response by acting through paracrine mechanisms directly on regenerating axons or upon the nerve-supporting Schwann cells. In the present study, the effect of human MSCs from Wharton's jelly (HMSCs), differentiated into neuroglial-like cells associated to poly (DL-lactide-ε-caprolactone) membrane, on nerve regeneration, was evaluated in the neurotmesis injury rat sciatic nerve model. Results in vitro showed successful differentiation of HMSCs into neuroglial-like cells, characterized by expression of specific neuroglial markers confirmed by immunocytochemistry and by RT-PCR and qPCR targeting specific genes expressed. In vivo testing evaluated during the healing period of 20 weeks, showed no evident positive effect of HMSCs or neuroglial-like cell enrichment at the sciatic nerve repair site on most of the functional and nerve morphometric predictors of nerve regeneration although the nociception function was almost normal. EPT on the other hand, recovered significantly better after HMSCs enriched membrane employment, to values of residual functional impairment compared to other treated groups. When the neurotmesis injury can be surgically reconstructed with an end-to-end suture or by grafting, the addition of a PLC membrane associated with HMSCs seems to bring significant advantage, especially concerning the motor function recovery.
Internal Infrastructural Impacts on RFID Perceptions and Commitment: Knowledge, Operational Procedures, and Information-Processing Standards

For many firms, radio frequency identification (RFID) suggests not only a new alternative to existing tracking methods but also a means to a range of previously cost-prohibitive internal control and supply chain coordination innovations. In any event, and even in light of possible external pressures to adopt, the full potential of RFID for an individual firm must ultimately be viewed in consideration with the infrastructural capabilities of that firm. Furthermore, because adoption decisions are fundamentally based on managerial perceptions, it is critical to consider how certain forms of infrastructure provide the necessary transparency into other infrastructural characteristics to augment such decisions. We use multisource survey data in this work to consider several elements that contribute to this infrastructure and subsequently to perceptions of RFID benefit and actual commitment to adoption. Results demonstrate that the complementary effects of these infrastructural capabilities significantly impact both perceptions of and commitments to RFID.
The Effect of STDP Temporal Kernel Structure on the Learning Dynamics of Single Excitatory and Inhibitory Synapses

Spike-Timing Dependent Plasticity (STDP) is characterized by a wide range of temporal kernels. However, much of the theoretical work has focused on a specific kernel – the “temporally asymmetric Hebbian” learning rules. Previous studies linked excitatory STDP to positive feedback that can account for the emergence of response selectivity. Inhibitory plasticity was associated with negative feedback that can balance the excitatory and inhibitory inputs. Here we study the possible computational role of the temporal structure of the STDP. We represent the STDP as a superposition of two processes: potentiation and depression. This allows us to model a wide range of experimentally observed STDP kernels, from Hebbian to anti-Hebbian, by varying a single parameter. We investigate STDP dynamics of a single excitatory or inhibitory synapse in purely feed-forward architecture. We derive a mean-field-Fokker-Planck dynamics for the synaptic weight and analyze the effect of STDP structure on the fixed points of the mean field dynamics. We find a phase transition along the Hebbian to anti-Hebbian parameter from a phase that is characterized by a unimodal distribution of the synaptic weight, in which the STDP dynamics is governed by negative feedback, to a phase with positive feedback characterized by a bimodal distribution. The critical point of this transition depends on general properties of the STDP dynamics and not on the fine details. Namely, the dynamics is affected by the pre-post correlations only via a single number that quantifies its overlap with the STDP kernel. We find that by manipulating the STDP temporal kernel, negative feedback can be induced in excitatory synapses and positive feedback in inhibitory. Moreover, there is an exact symmetry between inhibitory and excitatory plasticity, i.e., for every STDP rule of inhibitory synapse there exists an STDP rule for excitatory synapse, such that their dynamics is identical.
What determines the maximum displacement limit for spatially broadband kinematograms

Two experiments are described that are designed to investigate what determines the maximum spatial displacement detectable (dmax) for spatially broadband patterns exposed in a two-frame motion sequence. In experiment 1, dmax was found to be 1.63 times greater for a two-dimensional (2-D) broadband random pattern with a 1/f Fourier amplitude spectrum (equal contrast in each octave) than for a 2-D binary-valued random-dot pattern with a flat spectrum (higher contrast in higher-frequency octaves). In experiment 2, dmax was shown to vary in inverse proportion to the lowest stimulus frequency for random patterns with a one-octave bandwidth and normalized contrast. Furthermore, when these five one-octave patterns were summed together, dmax for this new five-octave pattern was found to be only 1.46 times lower than dmax for the lowest-frequency one-octave pattern presented alone. A model is described in which direction discrimination is based on the nearest-neighbor matching of zero crossings in the output of a single-spatial-filter bandpass in both spatial frequency and orientation. Data from the model show that the difference between dmax for the five-octave and the lowest one-octave patterns can be accounted for by the same filter passing some of the additional higher frequencies in the former pattern. Furthermore, it is argued that all the data can be accounted for by assuming that dmax is determined by the coarsest spatial filter activated by each stimulus. Modeling the results of both experiments suggests that the bandwidth of this filter is ~2.6 octaves and reaches peak sensitivity at ~0.47 c/deg. The model is shown to be capable of accounting for a wide range of other two-frame dmax data.
Le lien entre la performance sociale des entreprises et la gestion des résultats comptables

L'objectif de ce papier est d'explorer le comportement du gestionnaire en matiere de gestion des resultats comptables dans les entreprises canadiennes socialement performantes. En se basant sur la theorie instrumentale des parties prenantes et la litterature relative au lien presume entre la PFE et la GRC, nous supposons l'existence d'une relation negative entre le niveau de PSE et la GRC. Nous supposons egalement que les composantes de PSE liees au gouvernement d'entreprises, l'environnement et les employes permettent de limiter le comportement discretionnaire du gestionnaire. Nous testons empiriquement nos assertions theoriques en utilisant la base de donnees canadienne d'investissement social pour les annees 2004 et 2005. Les resultats montrent que le niveau global de la PSE a un effet significativement negatif sur la direction aussi bien que sur l'ampleur des accruals discretionnaires, suggerant ainsi que les gestionnaires des entreprises socialement performantes sont moins susceptibles de s'adonner a des pratiques de GRC a la hausse et sont moins agressifs dans la determination des accruals discretionnaires. En examinant l'impact de certaines composantes de la PSE sur le comportement des accruals discretionnaires, il s'est avere que les employes constituent la partie prenante la plus puissante en matiere de controle du comportement discretionnaire du gestionnaire. Toutefois, les dimensions « environnement » et « gouvernement d'entreprises » n'ont pas un effet significatif sur la GRC.
An experimental examination of the house money effect in a multi-period setting

There is evidence that risk-taking behavior is influenced by prior monetary gains and losses. When endowed with house money, people become more risk taking. This paper is the first to report a house money effect in a dynamic, financial setting. Using an experimental method, we compare market outcomes across sessions that differ in the level of cash endowment (low and high). Our experimental results provide support for a house money effect. Traders’ bids, price predictions, and market prices are influenced by the amount of money that is provided prior to trading. However, dynamic behavior is difficult to interpret due to conflicting influences.
Signal Integrity Enhancement in Digital Circuits

This article proposes a new methodology for enhancing SoC signal integrity without degrading performance in the presence of power-ground voltage transients. The underlying principle is the dynamic adaptation of the clock duty cycle to propagation delay variation along disturbed logic paths. This methodology makes digital circuits more robust to power line fluctuations while maintaining the at-speed clock rate.
CD 1 d-Specific NK 1 . 1 1 T Cells with a Transgenic Variant TCR 1

The majority of T lymphocytes carrying the NK cell marker NK1.1 (NKT cells) depend on the CD1d molecule for their development and are distinguished by their potent capacity to rapidly secrete cytokines upon activation. A substantial fraction of NKT cells express a restricted TCR repertiore using an invariant TCR Va14-Ja281 rearrangement and a limited set of TCR Vb segments, implying recognition of a limited set of CD1d-associated ligands. A second group of CD1d-reactive T cells use diverse TCR potentially recognizing a larger diversity of ligands presented on CD1d. In TCR-transgenic mice carrying rearranged TCR genes from a CD1d-reactive T cell with the diverse type receptor (using V a3.2/Vb9 rearrangements), the majority of T cells expressing the transgenic TCR had the typical phenotype of NKT cells. They expressed NK1.1, CD122, intermediate TCR levels, and markers indicating previous activation and were CD4/CD8 double negative or CD4 . Upon activation in vitro, the cells secreted large amounts of IL-4 and IFNg, a characteristic of NKT cells. In mice lacking CD1d, TCR-transgenic cells with the NKT phenotype were absent. This demonstrates that a CD1d-reactive TCR of the “non-V a 14” diverse type can, in a ligand-dependent way, direct development of NK1.1 T cells expressing expected functional and cell-surface phenotype characteristics. The Journal of Immunology,2000, 165: 168–174.
Partially Observed Inventory Systems: The Case of Rain Checks

In many inventory control contexts, inventory levels are only partially (i.e., not fully) observed. This may be due to nonobservation of demand, spoilage, misplacement, or theft of inventory. We study a discrete-time periodic-review inventory system where the unmet demand is backordered. When the inventory level is nonnegative, the inventory manager does not know the exact inventory level. Otherwise, inventory shortages occur, and the inventory manager issues rain checks to customers. The shortages are fully observed via the rain checks. The inventory manager determines the order quantity based on the partial information on the inventory level. The objective is to minimize the expected total discounted cost over an infinite horizon. The dynamic programming formulation of this problem has an infinite dimensional state space. We use the methodology of the unnormalized probability to establish the existence of an optimal feedback policy when the periodic cost has linear growth. Moreover, uniqueness and continuity of the solution to dynamic programming equations are proved when the discount factor is sufficiently small.
Disposition of alfentanil in patients receiving a renal transplant

The disposition of alfentanil has been investigated in 10 anaesthetized patients with chronic renal failure undergoing kidney transplantation and compared with eight age matched anaesthetized patients with normal renal function. Plasma samples were collected to 660 min following intravenous administration of alfentanil 3–5 mg (50 μg kg−1). Drug concentrations were measured by RIA; and alfentanil binding to plasma proteins by equilibrium dialysis against 0·1 M phosphate buffer, pH 7·4. Alfentanil binding to plasma proteins was 87·6% (s.d. 2·0) in the patients with chronic renal failure, and 89·7% (1·2) in patients with normal renal function (P = 0·025). There was no correlation between alfentanil binding and plasma albumin, total plasma proteins, plasma urea or plasma creatinine concentrations. In both groups, the drug concentration‐time profile decayed in a curvilinear manner; in the chronic renal failure patients, restoration of function did not influence the decay profile. Elimination half life, mean residence time and apparent volume of distribution at steady state were not different in the two groups of patients (mean values: 142·4 and 120·2 min; 128·5 and 136·0 min; and 40·5 and 27·6 L, respectively in chronic renal failure patients and patients with normal renal function). Total drug clearance and Vd area were significantly increased in the chronic renal failure patients: 341·9 vs 211·8 mL min−1; and 69·3 and 35·5 L. There were no differences in intrinsic clearance or apparent volume of distribution at steady state for unbound drug between the two patient groups.
Myocardial Imaging: Tissue Doppler and Speckle Tracking

In recent years, echocardiography has evolved from a qualitative diagnostic tool into a complex and sophisticated technique that is able to provide accurate, quantitative information driving the management of most cardiac diseases. Despite the availability, affordability and scientific value of advanced echocardiography techniques such as Tissue Doppler Imaging (TDI) and Speckle Tracking, there has been a lack of accessible information about their use in real-life medical practice. This practical book is the first comprehensive resource with truly international authorship covering the theory and clinical applications of advanced myocardial imaging as a diagnostic, monitoring and prognostic tool. Edited by internationally recognized experts in cardiac imaging, Myocardial Imaging: Tissue Doppler and Speckle Tracking collates the latest research into a specific, in-depth resource. The book focuses on how to use advanced cardiac imaging techniques in everyday clinical practice, presenting relevant material in a logical format. Each chapter covers a different clinical application of TDI and Speckle Tracking techniques and is illustrated with full color images and tables, allowing quick and easy reference to clinically appropriate information. It is accompanied by an invaluable CD of video clips that illustrate concepts in the text and provide real examples of echocardiography in practice. Clear, concise key facts and summaries throughout the book enable fast decisions at point of care. This book is an invaluable resource for cardiologists, sonographers or other healthcare professionals who want to get the most out of the new technology available on echo machines.
Label transfer and propagation for domain adaptation

Traditional classification algorithms often perform well when training and testing data are drawn from the identical distribution. However, in real applications, this condition may be not satisfied. Domain adaptation is an effective approach to deal with this problem. In this paper, we propose an efficient two-stage algorithm for domain adaptation. In the label transfer stage, we utilize training classifier to predict testing data with different weights (confidence) based on their signed distance to the domain separator, which is a classifier maximally separating training data (from source domain) and testing data (from target domain) apart. In the label propagation stage, we introduce manifold regularization to propagate the labels of target data with larger weights to ones with smaller weights. Furthermore, the target classifier can be obtained in a closed form. The extensive experiments on an artificial dataset and a real benchmark verify the effectiveness of our approach. Empirical results demonstrate that the proposed method is competitive with state-of-the-art domain adaptation algorithms.
Walverine: a Walrasian trading agent

TAC-02 was the third in a series of Trading Agent Competition events fostering research in automating trading strategies by showcasing alternate approaches in an open-invitation market game. TAC presents a challenging travel-shopping scenario where agents must satisfy client preferences for complementary and substitutable goods by interacting through a variety of market types. Michigan's entry, Walverine, attempts to bid optimally based on a competitive analysis of the TAC travel economy. Walverine's approach embodies several techniques not previously employed in TAC: (1) price prediction based on competitive equilibrium analysis, (2) hedged optimization with respect to a model of outlier prices, (3) optimal bidding based on a decision-theoretic calculation of bid actions, and (4) reinforcement learning for CDA trading strategies. Each of these is potentially applicable in a broad class of trading environments.
Reflecting on Teaching to Promote Academic Language Use in the Culturally and Linguistically Diverse Classroom.

This handbook for classroom teachers is motivated by the need to promote academic language use among students from culturally and linguistically diverse backgrounds. First, several works providir.j a rationale for using student-centered instructional practices as a means of promoting student learning are reviewed. The pitfalls of using teacher-centered strategies with some minority students are discussed, and models of instruction promoting active student learning through oral language use are described. Each section includes suggestions for further reading. A section on "Activities for Reflection" encourages teachers to concider how their own teaching philosophy and experience affects their classroom attitudes and behavior. A bibliography of over 120 resources is appended, with items relating to cooperative learning theories, strategies, and/or activities highlighted. (MSE) ***************************** *************************14**n*Aitg7V*******It Reproductions supplied by EDRS are the best that can be made from the original document. * *********************************************************************** REFLECTING ON TEACHING TO PROMOTE ACADEMIC LANGUAGE USE IN THE CULTURALLY AND LINGUISTICALLY DIVERSE CLASSROOM
Specializations of Multigradings and the Arithmetical Rank of Lattice Ideals

In this article, we study specializations of multigradings and apply them to the problem of the computation of the arithmetical rank of a lattice ideal I L 𝒢 ⊂ K[x 1,…, x n ]. The arithmetical rank of I L 𝒢 equals the ℱ-homogeneous arithmetical rank of I L 𝒢 , for an appropriate specialization ℱ of 𝒢. To the lattice ideal I L 𝒢 and every specialization ℱ of 𝒢, we associate a simplicial complex. We prove that combinatorial invariants of the simplicial complex provide lower bounds for the ℱ-homogeneous arithmetical rank of I L 𝒢 .
Child malaria treatment practices among mothers in the district of Yanfolila, Sikasso region, Mali

Summary We studied child malaria treatment practices among mothers living in the District of Yanfolila in southern Mali. For sampling, we first chose five of 13 health areas with probability proportional to size. Then villages, compounds and mothers with at least one child aged 1–5 years were randomly chosen. We assessed the spleen size of one 1–5 year‐old child of each mother, collected a thick blood film and recorded the body temperature of every child whose mother thought he/she was sick. 399 mothers in 28 villages were interviewed with a structured questionnaire divided into two parts. If the child had had soumaya (a term previously associated with uncomplicated malaria) during the past rainy season, we asked about signs and symptoms, health‐seeking behaviour (who the mother consulted first) and treatment. If not, information about knowledge of the disease and treatment to be given was collected. 86% of the mothers interviewed stated that their child had been sick and almost half of them had had soumaya. All mothers named at least one sign by which they recognized the disease. Vomiting, fever and dark urine/yellow eyes/jaundice were the three most common signs mentioned. 75.8% managed their child's disease at home and used both traditional and modern treatment. The most common anti‐malarial drug was chloroquine, often given at inappropriate dosage. The sensitivity and specificity of the mothers' diagnosis was poor, although this might be explained by the large percentage of children who had already been treated at the time of the interview. The results of our survey call for prompt educational action for the correct treatment of uncomplicated malaria/soumaya, particularly for mothers and possibly for shopkeepers. The high spleen rate (58.1%) among randomly selected children confirms that malaria is a common disease in this area. Improved case‐management at home could only be beneficial.